bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kubai, o encantado e a mesa tangível
Authors: Ramos Raquel de Cássia Rodrigues , Freitas Cláudia Rodrigues de , Werner Sheyla
Published: December 2021

O caminho das histórias indígenas é trilhado desde a criação do mundo, chegando às crianças pelos mais velhos. A tradição de narrar a origem de cada povo relaciona-se, profundamente, a cada clã e etnia ainda que de formas diferentes. O presente artigo é parte de uma pesquisa que objetivou o desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Assistiva, no contexto educacional inclusivo, para contar a história Kubai, o Encantado por meio da Mesa com Interação Tangível. A metodologia, de caráter qualitativo, envolveu a produção de imagens táteis e tridimensionais com o intuito de garantir a acessibilidade tátil, apresentando a história de maneira inclusiva. A pesquisa abarcou, igualmente, estudo referente à literatura infantil indígena com base em autores contemporâneos como Munduruku, entre outros. Como resultado, foi possível criar suporte em dispositivo de mesa tangível a partir da história escolhida inspirada na mitologia indígena da cultura Kubeo.
Tecnologia assistiva na educação inclusiva
Authors: Correa Ygor , Moro Tatiele Bolson , Valentini Carla Beatris
Published: December 2021

Para abordar sobre Tecnologia Assistiva (TA), primeiro, é necessário refletir sobre inclusão, e esta necessita de ações que garantam o desenvolvimento intelectual, social, afetivo e profissional das pessoas à qual se destina. Em um contexto educacional pode-se pensar a educação inclusiva, como um campo que aborda a “educação para todos e com todos, buscando meios e modos de remover as barreiras para a aprendizagem e para a participação dos aprendizes, indistintamente” (CARVALHO, 2016, p. 67). Nesta perspectiva, a autora traz muitos desafios, necessitando considerar a singularidade de cada estudante. Além disso, a educação inclusiva precisa ser tomada como um direito que é assegurado pelas políticas (BRASIL, 2008, 2015, 2021a, 2021b) educacionais brasileiras.
Tecnologias assistivas para a comunicação e a participação de crianças com a Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus
Authors: Pletsch Marcia Denise , Sá Miriam Ribeiro Calheiros de , Rocha Maíra Gomes de Souza da
Published: December 2021

Este artigo apresenta resultados sobre o uso de tecnologia assistiva para a comunicação e a participação de crianças com deficiência múltipla não oralizadas em decorrência da Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZV). A pesquisa abordou as concepções de profissionais da educação que atuaram com essas crianças nos anos de 2019 e 2020. Os dados foram coletados durante um Programa de Formação Continuada por meio de registros em plataforma online e portfólios formativos. Para fundar as análises, os referenciais da teoria bioecológica e sistêmica do desenvolvimento humano de Uri Bronfenbrenner foram empregados. Os resultados evidenciaram, entre outros aspectos, que usar recursos de tecnologia assistiva favorecem a promoção da comunicação e, consequentemente, da participação, e, também, a escolarização dessas crianças, desde que se ofereça o apoio necessário, seja em casa ou na escola.
P75NTR Exacerbates SCI-induced Mitochondrial Damage and Neuronal Apoptosis Depending on NTRK3
Authors: Tan Wei , Dong Longjia , Shi Xuexing , Tang Qian , Jiang Dianming
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanism by which p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) affects mitochondrial damage and neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord
injury (SCI).

Methods:

After the establishment of SCI rat models, short hairpin (sh) RNA of p75NTR and control sh-RNA were injected into SCI rats, respectively. On days 1, 7 and 21 after SCI, the severity of
SCI and cell apoptosis in SCI rats were determined as well as the recovery of hind limb performance and p75NTR expression. After spinal cord neurons were transfected with p75NTR overexpression plasmid or empty plasmid vector or cotransfected with overexpression plasmids of p75NTR and neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase3 (NTRK3), the expression levels of p75NTR and
NTRK3 were quantified. Moreover, we detected the apoptosis and proliferation rates of the neurons in addition to the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the neurons. The binding between p75NTR and NTRK3 was confirmed via Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP).

Results:

The rat spinal cords in the Model group were notably damaged after SCI accompanied by
increased apoptosis and decreased locomotor function. The expression of p75NTR was significantly upregulated after SCI. The aforementioned injuries were remarkably ameliorated in response to
injection of sh-p75NTR. p75NTR overexpression induced mitochondrial damage and neuronal
apoptosis in spinal cord neurons, while the promotive effects were perturbed by NTRK3 overexpression. Furthermore, p75NTR directly bound to and downregulated NTRK3.

Conclusion:

Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that p75NTR aggravates mitochondrial
damage and neuronal apoptosis in SCI through downregulating NTRK3.
Association of Nocturnal Heart Rate with White Matter Hyperintensity Burden in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Patients
Authors: Yu Lulu , Li Yusheng , Wang Yunchao , Gao Yuan , Li Shanshan , Yu Wenkai , Zhao Zichen , Zong Ce
Published: December 2021

Background:

Age and hypertension are widely considered to be the main risk factors for white matter hyperintensity (WMH), but they do not account for all the pathophysiological mechanisms of WMH.Therefore, identifying novel risk factors is significant to improve our understanding of the etiology and consequences of WMH.

Objective:

To examine the association of heart rate(HR) and common vascular risk factors with WMH burden in patients hospitalized for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease(CSVD)

Method:

The study consisted of 778 patients who underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and HR monitoring and brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). The relationship of HR measures and vascular risk factors with the presence of log WMHV4 was analyzed.Univariable and multivariable analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship of incidence of severe WMH (4th quartile, ≥19.64 ml) and HR measures and common vascular risk factors.

Results:

Multivariate analysis showed that WMHV was independently predicted by nighttime HR ( OR (95% CI): 1.041（1.02~1.062）, P<0.001),Homocysteine ( OR (95% CI): 1.019（1.005~1.033）, P=0.009), and cerebral infarction ( OR (95% CI): 0.463（0.31~0.691）, P<0.001), No similar association was observed for daytime HR、HR variability and other vascular risk factors .

Conclusion:

As nighttime HR、Hcy increased, log WMHV increased accordingly; furthermore, patients with cerebral infarction were more likely to have higher levels of WMHV. nighttime HR 、Hcy、cerebral infarction was associated with WMHV, suggesting independent roles of their in WMHV. The influence of HRV on WMHV needs to be addressed by further studies.
Recent Updates on Synthetic Strategies and Biological Potential of 1,3,4-
oxadiazole: Review
Authors: Kumari Sunita , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Saxena Shivani , Sharma Divya , Joshi Sagar , Abdullah Mohd. Mustaqeem
Published: December 2021

Among the large variety of nitrogen and oxygen-containing heterocycles, 1,3,4-
oxadiazole, the scaffold, has attracted considerable attention owing to its ability to show an extensive
range of pharmacological actions. According to literature investigations, prepared 1,3,4-
oxadiazole and its derivative are pharmacologically significant and consist of a variety of activities,
such as anticonvulsant, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, etc.
These heterocyclics are formed mainly by the cyclization reactions of various reactants under diverse
reaction circumstances. Therefore, significant efforts of organic chemists have been directed
towards the synthesis of new drug candidates containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole subunits connected to an
established potential pharmacophore to improve the efficacy and potency. This article aims to highlight
recent publications on the various synthesis techniques of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and related compounds
over the previous ten years (2011–2021). The purpose of this review is to help researchers
by summarizing several synthetic strategies for synthesizing oxadiazole.
Kolaviron, A Biflavonoid Compound: Its Pharmacological Activity and
Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Rotimi Damilare , Amanze Jennifer Chidubem , Ojo Adebola Busola , Iyobhebhe Matthew , Elebiyo Tobiloba Christiana
Published: December 2021

The use of herbal remedies for medicinal purposes is becoming more popular around the
world. As a result, plants have become viable treatment options for a variety of diseases. Garcinia
kola (bitter kola) is a perennially grown plant in the Guttiferae family that has been evaluated and
reported to have numerous health-promoting properties. Kolaviron is a biflavanoid and major phytochemical
found in Garcinia kola that includes Garcinia Biflavanoid-1 (GB-1), kolaflavanone,
and Garcinia Biflavanoid-2 (GB-2). It is obtained as a fraction extracted from Garcinia kola.
Kolaviron's pharmacological properties include anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, ameliorative,
anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, neuroprotective,
anti-diabetic, and anti-amnesic properties. Kolaviron is recommended for use in clinical
settings because it has been shown to have a high therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. The purpose
of this review is to assess the therapeutic efficacy of kolaviron.
Flipped Classroom Experiences in Clinical Dentistry – A Strategic Mini-Review
Authors: Aljabr Abdullah
Published: December 2021

Background:

Pedagogy in dental education has evolved over the decades. Today, many alternative modes of content delivery are being used as an adjunct to the traditional classroom. A flipped classroom is one among those that are being explored for teaching clinical dentistry.

Objective:

This mini-review is aimed at evaluating the available evidence in the efficacy of flipped classrooms and its related aspects in the learning curve of clinical dentistry.

Methods:

A thorough literature search on electronic databases for all the studies focusing on the following evidence-based question: “Is Flipped classroom in clinical dentistry a useful mode of pedagogy delivery? was performed. A combination of MeSH terms using Boolean operators “AND,” “OR:” FLIPPED [All Fields] AND (“dental health services” [MeSH Terms] AND “health” [All Fields] AND “services” [All Fields]) OR “dental” [All Fields]) AND (“learning” [MeSH Terms] OR “learning” [All Fields]). Specific terms such as “Perio” OR “Prostho” OR “Restorative” OR “Ortho” OR “Oral medicine” OR “Maxillofacial surgery” OR “Pediatric” OR “endo” was also used. Data from these articles addressing the aim of this study was extracted.

Results:

A total of 16 articles were considered for the review. The majority of the studies considered flipped classroom as a successful model of pedagogy. The most common mode of outside classroom activity was pre-recorded videos. In-classroom activities, a combination of seminars, interactive discussions, and quiz were explored. Time constraints, lack of faculty development programs are considered to be negative factors for the success of the flipped classroom.

Conclusion:

Within the limitation of the study, flipped classroom can be adapted as a method of pedagogy in clinical dentistry.
COVID-19 Pandemic Driven Knowledge, Attitude, Clinical Practice, Distress Reactions, and Post-Traumatic Growth of Dental Care Providers in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Labban Nawaf , Alfouzan Afnan F. , Al-Shibani Nouf , Al-Otaibi Hanan N. , Al Taweel Sara Mohammad , Al Ghanem Shahad Hamad , Schrader Stuart M.
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The present study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, clinical practices, distress reactions, and post-traumatic growth of dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Riyadh City.

Methodology:

An online questionnaire was developed to assess various dental professionals from both governmental and private sectors during the early COVID-19 outbreak in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was framed to assess the demographic variables, knowledge, attitude, and clinical practices towards handling the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), worry questionnaire items, short form of post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI-SF), and life satisfaction questionnaire items were developed to assess the anxiety, worries, post-traumatic growth, and life satisfaction of dental care providers following the traumatic events. Data were analysed using SPSS 22.0 and R environment ver.3.2.2. Continuous measurement results were presented as mean ± SD, and categorical measurements results were presented in number (%).

Results:

Our study's significant findings revealed that a majority of the dentists were in the age group of 21-30 and practiced general dentistry. The study participants in age groups 51–60 and 41–50 years old showed more liability in perceiving COVID-19 as an extremely dangerous disease than 31–40 and 21–30 age groups. The majority of respondents (63.4%) had an anxiety scale score of greater than 40, followed by 22.8% with scores 20-40 and 13.9% with scores less than 20, respectively. The mean scores for the GAD-7 and the worry items were 8.24 ± 3.21 and 13.92 ± 4.77, respectively. The data showed that most survey participants had adopted moderate post-traumatic changes during the pandemic, as evident by their mean score of 34.17 ± 3.40. The life satisfaction of the participants was neutral, as demonstrated by their mean score of 20.16 ± 4.03.

Conclusion:

This study’s findings delineated that the COVID-19 pandemic situation has influenced dentists' mental health, with a moderate level of anxiety, and worries among other psychological symptoms. Furthermore, there was adequate knowledge regarding the COVID-19 among dentists; however, the pandemic affected the financial conditions of the respondents. There was a moderate level of post-traumatic growth and neutral life satisfaction of the dental providers.
Understanding Gender, Income and Travel Behavior in Casablanca City – Morocco
Authors: Chamseddine Zineb , Ait Boubkr Asmaa
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The purpose of this paper is to extend the research on gendered differences in travel behavior in developing countries by analyzing travel behavior variability within as well as across gender and income groups in the case of Casablanca city.

Methods:

Data from the 2018 Casablanca Travel Survey show that overall, women are less mobile than men, make fewer work-related trips and more household maintenance trips, but these differences are heterogeneously distributed across income groups. With the increase in income, women tend to carry out more trips than men; the inverse is observed for the middle- and low-income categories.

Results:

While for the lowest income groups, walking is the most predominant mode for both men and women, we notice that the private car has the highest modal share within the highest income groups as with the increase in household income, both genders avoid non-motorized transport modes. The particular status of women in some households as breadwinners and reproducers as well as the socio-cultural context of the city shape their mobility and the choice of their activities.

Conclusion:

Hence, these findings suggest, from a policy perspective, that the public transit system along with spatial planning strategies need to be improved to help overcome women's mobility constraints, especially when they belong to low-income households so they can fully access the city amenities and opportunities. On the other hand, transport policies need to be not only gender-sensitive but also “vulnerable groups” sensitive as mobility impediments are similarly experienced by males and females in some contexts.
School-level Barriers of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Interventions to Overcome them Among Adolescents Living with HIV in Western Kenya: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Onyango Monica A. , Chergui Houda , Sabin Lora L. , Messersmith Lisa J. , Sarkisova Natalya , Oyombra Jane , Akello Perez , Kwaro Daniel O. , Otieno Juliana
Published: December 2021

Background:

Adolescents in Kenya spend the majority of their time in a school environment. However, research to understand Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) adherence among adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) in school settings is sparse.

Objective:

To improve the design of appropriate interventions to better support this vulnerable population, the study aimed to explore school-related barriers to ART adherence experienced by ALWHIV.

Methods:

Qualitative data were utilized from a larger mixed-methods study on ALWHIV conducted at a major teaching and referral hospital in Kisumu, Kenya. Participants encompassed ALWHIV, their caregivers, teachers, and health care providers. Transcripts from a total of 24 in-depth interviews and five focus group discussions were analyzed in NVivo using a thematic approach.

Results:

Four themes emerged as key barriers in a school setting: negative experiences following HIV status self-disclosure, a strong desire for secrecy, restrictive school policies, and health education focused on sexual transmission of HIV. Participants suggested a range of potential interventions to better support ART adherence for ALWHIV, including coaching ALWHIV on disclosure strategies, promoting empathy among teachers and students, transition-preparing for ALWHIV, changing the narrative about HIV transmission in schools, providing water in schools, and introducing adherence support programs in schools, including the use of mobile technology.

Conclusion:

ALWHIV in Kenya experience numerous important challenges while trying to maintain optimal ART adherence in the school environment. Interventions that create supportive school settings are critical for better health outcomes among ALWHIV.
The Appraisal and Endorsement of Individual and Public Preventive Measures to Combat COVID-19 and the Associated Psychological Predictors among Chinese Living in Canada
Authors: Na Ling , Yang Lixia , Yu Linke , Bolton Kathryn , Zhang Weiguo , Wang Peizhong Peter
Published: December 2021

Aims:

The study examines the factors related to the appraisal and adherence of the individual and public health preventive measures.

Background:

The effectiveness of the measures battling the pandemic was largely determined by the voluntary compliance of the public.

Objectives:

This study aimed to identify psychological perception factors related to the appraisal of individual measures and endorsement of public health measures during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese living in Canada.

Methods:

A convenience sample of 656 participants completed an online survey. Nonparametric Kruskal Wallis tests were used to compare COVID perception variables (e.g., perceived susceptibility, fear, perceived severity, and information confusion) among different sociodemographic subgroups. Bootstrapped regression models were used to assess the association of these variables with outcome measures.

Results:

Compared to their counterpart groups, lower perceived susceptibility was reported by adults 65 years and older (p = .002) or retired (p = .015); greater fear was reported by females (p = .044), those with lower education (p = .001), and Mainland Chinese (p = .033); greater perceived severity was reported by individuals with lower education and smaller household size (ps = .003). Perceived susceptibility was inversely associated with individual measure appraisal (p = .032). Perceived severity was positively associated with individual measure appraisal (p = .005) and public measure endorsement (p < .001).

Conclusion:

Individual behaviour measure appraisal was predicted by lower perceived susceptibility and higher perceived severity, whereas public health measure endorsement was related to higher perceived severity. These results inform the public and the policymakers about the critical factors that affect the preventive measure appraisal and endorsement.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Prophylaxis for COVID-19 among Health Care Providers
Authors: Parvizrad Ramin , Mosayebi Ghasem , Zarinfar Nader , Mousavi-Hasanzadeh Morteza , Razavi Seyedeh Zahra , Nikfar Somayeh , Almasi-Hashiani Amir
Published: December 2021

Background:

Although there is a growing consensus that hydroxychloroquine may not be effective in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, there is still little high-quality evidence about the prophylactic effects of this medication. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hydroxychloroquine in preventing COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers.

Methods:

In this clinical trial, 90 healthcare providers from two referral hospitals of COVID-19 were divided into the hydroxychloroquine group (400 mg/week for eight weeks) and the routine-care group. Serum CRP levels and the frequency of T-helper (CD4+ cells) and T-cytotoxic (CD8+ cells) were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. The groups were compared in terms of White Blood cells (WBCs), polymorph nuclear cells (PMNs), lymphocytes (LYM), hemoglobin (Hb), and platelets (Plt.).

Results:

The results revealed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of WBC, PMN, LYM, Hb, Plt., CD4, and CD8. The mean difference of the CD4:CD8 ratio showed a significantly higher decrease (P=0.05) in hydroxychloroquine group than in the control group (0.18 vs. 0.02). The incidence of COVID-19 was 15% (95%CI: 12-18%) in the control group and 10% (95%CI: 8-12%) in the intervention group; however, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in this regard (P=0.45).

Conclusion:

Our study findings boost an increasing level of evidence that hydroxychloroquine is not an effective prophylactic medication against COVID-19 and might even exacerbate the profile of pandemic containment efforts by adding more pain to patients’ life and healthcare services.
Prevalence and patterns of meditation related unpleasant experiences among community based yoga practitioners
Authors: Singh Manjot , Sinha Anil Kishore , Bal Ikreet Singh
Published: December 2021

Yoga is mainly known to restrain the emotional ripples in the mind but according to some studies, it may lead to some overwhelming challenges like uncontrolled emotional venting as meditation-induced adverse effects, along with benefits. This study intended to assess the prevalence and patterns of meditation-related unpleasant experiences (UEs), among 300 community-based yoga practitioners. In this mixed-methods study, a semi-structured interview schedule was developed to carry out the self-assessment survey. The Chi-square test of association was used for finding the pattern between the UEs and other variables. Total 114 (38%) respondents agreed to experience UEs. UEs were reported more in females (<0.01). Reporting of UEs was found to be associated with a longer history of yoga practice (<0.01), > 20 minutes of daily meditation (<0.05), perceived therapeutic effects of yoga in physical suffering (<0.01), perceived improvement in emotional well-being (<0.01), perceived reduction in negative emotional constructs like stress (<0.01), depression (<0.01), and anxiety (<0.01), due to yoga. The study suggests a high prevalence of UEs, which may be associated more with female yoga practitioners, longer yoga and particularly meditation practice, yoga-induced improvement in emotional well-being, stress, depression, and anxiety, and the therapeutic effects of yoga in the physical sufferings.
The effect of lesser yam tuber flour (Dioscorea esculenta) and cooking methods on meat analogue chemical and textural properties
Authors: Karina Wijono Widya , Estiasih Teti
Published: December 2021

The addition of carbohydrates on gluten meat analogue has the potency to improve texture, such as lesser yam flour. It can be processed by steaming and baking. This study aimed to determine, analyze, evaluate the effect of cooking methods (steaming and baking) and substitution of lesser yam tuber flour (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) on the texture of meat analogue and chemical properties only for the best meat analogue. This study used Randomized Block Design, Nested Design of 3 replications with 2 factors, levels of lesser yam tuber flour nested in cooking methods. The texture of meat analogue was compared to beef texture. The results showed that the cooking method affected hardness and cohesiveness significantly. The substitution of lesser yam tuber flour significantly affected hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewability. The best steamed meat analogue was at 5% substitution level of lesser yam tuber flour, contain of 49.79% moisture content, 28.39% protein, 17.04% carbohydrates, 2.57% ash, 2.21% fat and red grayish color. The best baked meat analogue was at 0% substitution level of lesser yam tuber flour, contain of 48.64% moisture content, 29.87% protein, 16.89% carbohydrates, 2.60% ash, 2.00% fat and red grayish color. The steamed meat analogue was more similar to beef, than the baked meat analogue. This production of a meat analogue would be suitable as a simple household-scale meat substituent.
Patulin-producing mold, toxicological, biosynthesis, and molecular detection of patulin
Authors: Paramastuti Ratih , Pudji Rahayu Winiati , Nurjanah Siti
Published: December 2021

Mycotoxin is one of the food safety problems that raise concern because of its negative health impact and significant economic losses. Patulin is the most common mycotoxin found in fruits and its products like apple, orange, grape, pear, etc. There are 167 species reported to produce patulin; Penicillium expansum is the major patulin producer among those fungi species. Patulin is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans, but some studies showed the toxicities of patulin. Patulin has a broad spectrum of toxicity such as acute toxicity, sub-acute toxicity, genotoxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and immunotoxicity. There are several ways to detect mycotoxins, such as HPLC, TLC, ELISA, and PCR. The popular way to detect mycotoxin molecularly is PCR because of its sensitivity and specificity. To detect patulin molecularly require proper selection of target gene. Therefore, the biosynthesis of patulin, its influencing gene, and its underlying factor needs to be understood.
KEDUDUKAN ASEAN CSR NETWORK DALAM PENGELOLAAN CSR DI ASEAN BERDASARKAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Syam Husni , Arinto Arinto , An Aqimuddin Eka , Setiawan Erik
Published: December 2021

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been recognized as having a significant role in the development of the international community, including in the discourse on corporate social responsibility (CSR) Recognition of the international community will relate to its position in international law The ASEAN CSR Network (ACN) is one of the NGOs in ASEAN that focus on CSR ACN position is important to discuss to see the implementation of CSR management in ASEAN This article analyses the position of ACN as a subject of international law and the function of ACN in managing CSR based on international law The research is normative combined with case study with ACN as a main research object The results obtained are ACN does not have possessed legal personality under international law or ASEAN ACN is only a legal subject under Singapore law because it was established in Singapore ACN have function as an agent which is succeed to elaborate responsible business norm within ASEAN.
PROBLEMATIKA PERIKANAN PADA ZONA EKONOMI EKSKLUSIF INGGRIS DAN UNI EROPA
Authors: Kharismawan Gede , Wisanjaya I Gede
Published: December 2021

This research explains Brexit which leads to fisheries problems between United Kingdom (UK) and European Union (EU), regarding mechanism of methodology in distributing allocation of fishing quotas. This normative research uses statute, case, and comparative approach. The results shows that the problem between United Kingdom and European Union lies in the methodology of determining the amount of fishing quota through legal instruments established by the parties European Union wants to use relative stability model, whereas United Kingdom wants to use zonal attachment model Furthermore, the proposed form of solution that can be used in an effort to solve the fisheries problem between the United Kingdom and the European Union are thorugh one or more variation of zonal attachment, historical attachment, relative stability, or other mechanism (Hannesson Model).
Sinais desencontrados
Authors: Cunha Luís
Published: December 2021

Tanto o colonialismo como as diferentes expressões de resistência que o foram erodindo se fizeram de ações, não dispensando o apoio de palavras e imagens. É para a forma como estas categorias se combinaram que orientaremos o olhar, procurando perceber de que modo as narrativas – de legitimação colonial e de apelo à independência – fizeram uso de um instrumento tão poderoso como a fotografia. Recorreremos a materiais diversos com um ponto comum: o reporte ao registo propagandístico, a uma intencionalidade que visa convencer mais do que informar. Sem deixar de considerar o colonialismo globalmente, faremos da guerra colonial o centro deste texto, tomando-a como o momento mais expressivo do confronto entre diferentes representações do mesmo território, apresentado por Portugal como parte de um todo indivisível; visto pelos movimentos de libertação como espaço ocupado por forças alheias aos interesses legítimos das populações africanas. Longa e sangrenta, a guerra colonial teve na propaganda uma outra frente de batalha. Os panfletos e cartazes, as fotografias que testemunhavam o convívio pacífico ou que mostravam atrocidades, revelam muito acerca da tessitura de relações que estruturaram o domínio colonial, mas também das dinâmicas que conduziram à constituição de novos estados em África.
Contemporary photography practice: From landscape to expanded modes of place representation
Authors: Hill Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

Contemporary photographic practice has evolved into a broad field of possibilities, a flux of representational modes that represent emotions, experiences and feelings. In parallel the depth and layering of places offers a stimulating challenge to researchers and artists whom are willing to creatively explore nuances of land and nature as well as the multi-sensorial and spatial “reality” of places. The Waikato River is my research locale, located in the central North Island of Aotearoa New Zealand. I draw on contemporary photography practice and theory to develop multimodal approaches to my research place, expanding objective modes of landscape and place representation. I trace a timeline from early landscape photography practice particularly during the British colonisation in New Zealand juxtaposing my photography practice as a counter approach to Eurocentric modes of place representation. This is informed by local Waikato Māori cosmologies and more contemporary readings on place. As a result  I conceptualised a theoretical framework around the notion of place imaginaries as a creative platform for the development of expanded photographic modalities.
Modos de representar a crise socioeconómica em Portugal
Authors: Grimaldi Susanne
Published: December 2021

Apesar de viver uma crise socioeconómica a partir de 2008, Portugal também sofreu uma crise estrutural e multidimensional. Artistas responderam com obras que retratavam a crise, entre elas por meio da arte urbana, do teatro, da fotografia e mais tarde também da literatura. Os resultados servem como indicadores do autodiagnóstico social. Este artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar as técnicas e ferramentas que usaram a fotografia e a literatura para lidar com este desafio social, político e cultural. Para alcançar este alvo, uma pequena parte dos documentos visuais e textuais será analisada.
Cambios en la cubierta terrestre a través de los mapas ESA-CCI-LC (2000-2015), Ixtacamaxtitlán, Puebla
Authors: Arroyo-Ortega Itzel , Tamaríz-Flores Víctor , Torres-Ramírez Eduardo , Handal-Silva Anabella , Chávez-Bravo Edith , Cervantes-Gutiérrez Virginia , Castelán Vega Rosalía
Published: December 2021

La determinación de cambios en la cubierta terrestre (CT) es importante para entender la dinámica de los ecosistemas. En este estudio se analizaron los cambios espaciales y temporales en el municipio de Ixtacamaxtitlán, Puebla durante el periodo 2000-2015, utilizando los mapas globales de la Agencia Espacial Europea ESA-CCI-LC. Para ello, se determinó la matriz de cambios, la tasa anual de cambio y la probabilidad de permanencia, así como la precisión del mapa de CT 2015. Los resultados indican que las pérdidas se concentraron en las coberturas arboladas y pastizales (0.27% y 8.83%, respectivamente), mientras que las ganancias se dieron en tierras de cultivo y zonas urbanas (6.9% y 8.11%, respectivamente). La mayoría de los cambios se observaron en las zonas de fácil acceso ubicadas en la porción centro-norte del municipio. De las 1962 ha que presentaron cambios entre categorías, en 87.4% el cambio fue negativo y en 12.6% fue positivo, destacando la transición de pastizales y superficies arboladas hacia tierras de cultivo, causadas por diversos procesos socioeconómicos presentes en la zona como marginación, migración, acceso a programas gubernamentales, expansión de áreas agrícolas y diversificación de cultivo. El mapa de CT 2015 mostró una alta precisión a escala subnacional (85.64%) lo que revela que este conjunto de datos es confiable para el estudio de las transformaciones en el territorio.
Fenología de Bursera simaruba y Bursera tomentosa en un bosque tropical seco de Chiapas, México
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Zuleima Guadalupe , Castro-Moreno Marisol , González-Esquinca Alma Rosa , De-la-Cruz-Chacón Iván
Published: December 2021

El género Bursera es un componente característico de los bosques tropicales secos (BTS) de México y relevante para la conservación de estos hábitats, sin embargo, sus aspectos fenológicos son poco conocidos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la fenología de Bursera simaruba Jacq. ex L y Bursera tomentosa (Jacq.) Triana & Planch y evaluar su relación con las variables ambientales. El seguimiento fenológico se realizó en una zona protegida del BTS de la región florística conocida como Depresión Central en Chiapas, México durante un ciclo anual (mayo 2017- abril 2018). Se seleccionaron 50 individuos adultos de cada especie y se registró la intensidad de sus fenofases reproductivas (botón floral, flor abierta, desarrollo de frutos y permanencia de frutos) y fenofases vegetativas (brote foliar, hojas maduras, senescencia) utilizando los métodos de Fournier. La estacionalidad y sincronía de cada fase se estimó mediante estadística circular calculando el vector medio (r) y la prueba Rayleigh (Z). Además, se categorizaron los tipos funcionales de su fenología vegetativa y reproductiva. Las etapas fenológicas en ambas especies fueron estacionales (r > 0.5), la floración y brote foliar sucedieron en un periodo breve mientras que el desarrollo vegetativo y las de producción de frutos fueron etapas más extendidas. Las fenofases reproductiva y vegetativa de Bursera simaruba y B. tomentosa son similares, las variables ambientales más correlacionadas (rs ≥ 0.6) a ellas fueron la temperatura y la humedad. El estudio de estas burseras permite conocer su dinámica en el BTS y con esto proponer planes de manejo de estas especies resiníferas.
Anillos de crecimiento de Pinus hartwegii como indicadores de fluctuaciones climáticas y de la influencia de fenómenos océano-atmósfera en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana
Authors: Manzanilla-Quiñones Ulises , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar Alberto , Villanueva-Díaz José , Martínez-Sifuentes Aldo Rafael , Delgado-Valerio Patricia
Published: December 2021

El presente estudio evalúa la respuesta climática y la influencia de fenómenos océano-atmósfera sobre el crecimiento radial de Pinus hartwegii Lindl en el Nevado de Colima (NEC), Nevado de Toluca (NET) y Pico de Orizaba (POR). Se fecharon 78 núcleos de crecimiento, a los cuales se les midió el ancho de anillo total. La calidad del fechado y generación de cronologías se realizaron en los programas dendrocronológicos. Los análisis de respuesta entre series dendrocronológicas y variables climáticas e índices del Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENOS), Oscilación Decadal del Pacífico (ODP) y Oscilación Multidecadal del Atlántico (OMA) se realizaron a través de correlaciones Bootstrap. Mediante análisis de regresión se generaron, calibraron y verificaron modelos lineales, con los cuales se logró reconstruir 57% y 53% de la variabilidad instrumental de la precipitación de noviembre-mayo para NEC (1940-2016) y diciembre-mayo para NET (1928-2016). Los años de sequías intensas de 1930, 1949, 1955, 1959, 1960, 1991, 1998 y 1999 y de humedad extrema de 1992, coinciden con las reconstrucciones de precipitación para NEC y NET. La temperatura máxima tuvo un efecto negativo significativo en el crecimiento radial de P. hartwegii de los tres sitios. La influencia de ENOS sobre el crecimiento arbóreo fue significativo (p < 0.05) solamente en NEC. La influencia de ODP y OMA fue significativo en los tres sitios (p < 0.05). Las condiciones microambientales locales donde se desarrolla P. hartwegii en los tres sitios de estudio modifican la respuesta fisiológica al clima y modulan el efecto de los fenómenos océano-atmosféricos.
Experimental and numerical investigation of laboratory scale sheetpipe-typed automatic subsurface irrigation
Authors: Saptomo Satyanto Krido , Rudiyanto  , Askari Muhamad , Arif Chusnul , Suwarno Willy Bayuardi , Adlan  , Rusianto  , Setiawan Budi Indra , Tamura Koremasa , Matsuda Hiroshi
Published: December 2021

Sheet pipe is a type of perforated pipe used for drainage designed initially for drainage but has the potential for sub-surface irrigation. The objectives of this study were to experiment and observe the performance of the sub-surface irrigation control system with sheet pipe. This investigation covered the observation of water table control and its effect on soil moisture. The detailed process of water flow during the setting of the water table was numerically modeled in 2 dimensions to observe the distribution of soil moisture, soil pressure, and flux. The results showed that the system successfully controlled the water table at the desired level in the experiment. The developed two-dimensional numerical simulation showed the distribution of soil moisture in the model center as a response to the water table increase, represented by the variable head. The soil wetting advances toward soil surface driven by the water table, which was increased gradually and reached saturation at the height of water table setpoint.
Telemedicine for Adults With Cochlear Implants in the United Kingdom (CHOICE): Protocol for a Prospective Interventional Multisite Study
Authors: Cullington Helen , Kitterick Padraig , Darnton Philippa , Finch Tracy , Greenwell Kate , Riggs Carol , Weal Mark , Walker Dawn-Marie , Sibley Andrew
Published: December 2021

Background

Cochlear implants provide hearing to approximately 750,000 people with deafness worldwide; these patients require lifelong follow-up. Care for adults with implants in the United Kingdom occurs at one of 19 centers, which may be far from the patients’ homes. In a previous randomized controlled trial, we successfully introduced person-centered care. We designed, implemented, and evaluated the following remote care pathway: a personalized web-based support tool, home hearing check, self–device adjustment, and upgrading of sound processors at home rather than in the clinic. The remote care group had a significant increase in empowerment after using the tools, and the patients and clinicians were keen to continue. We would now like to scale up these improvements as an option for >12,000 UK adults using implants; we are commissioning an independent evaluation of this intervention and rollout to establish if it achieves its aims of more empowered and confident patients; more accessible and equitable care; stable hearing; more efficient, person-centered, and scalable service; and more satisfied and engaged patients and clinicians.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the impact and rollout of a person-centered clinical care pathway via telemedicine for adults with cochlear implants in the United Kingdom, using both outcomes and process evaluation.

Methods

This project will scale up and evaluate a person-centered long-term follow-up pathway for adults using cochlear implants through a personalized website, including a home hearing check, uploading photos of cochlear implant site, listening in noise and music practice, ordering of spares, questionnaires, and other resources. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses will be conducted, and they will be both an outcome and process evaluation.

Results

As of July 2021, the trial is closed, and all data collection is complete. The evaluation report is expected to be published in December 2021, and the research data have not yet been analyzed.

Conclusions

This project will present the results of the first scaling up of a remote care pathway for adults with cochlear implants in the United Kingdom.

Trial Registration

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN51668922; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN51668922

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/27207
Interaction of High- and Low-Risk human papillomavirus genotypes is associated with a reduced risk of developing cervical cancer (Preprint)
Authors: Avan Amir
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Cervical cancer is among the most common type of cancers in women and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

OBJECTIVE

The link between cervical cancer and high-risk HPV infection has been well documented, although the effect of simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV or low-risk HPV alone on the risk of developing cervical malignancy is remained to be unanswered in guideline

METHODS

We have investigated the association of high and low-risk HPVs (HR or LR) genotype with cervical carcinoma risk, as well as pathological and cytological information in cases recruited from a population-based cohort study of 790 patients.

RESULTS

The percentage of HR+LR and HR-HPV16/18 were 9.30% and 11.20% in class II, 7.15% and 7.10% in class IV and 7.15% and 5.80% in As-CUS smears. Interestingly concurrent infection with HR-HPV and LR-HPV types led to a notable decline in the risk of developing malignancy in comparison with the high-risk group (OR=0.3 (0.098-0.925), p-value=0.04). The percentage of individuals with cervical malignancy was 10.2% and 28.2% within the co-infected and the HR-HPV participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Our finding demonstrated that simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV reduces the risk of cervical malignancy.
Enhancement of Delignification and Glucan Content of Sugarcane Bagasse by Alkali Pretreatment for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Wunna Kyaw , Nakasaki Kiohiko , Auresenia Joseph , Abella Leonila , Gaspilo Peg-asa
Published: December 2021

The current work aimed to enhance the delignification of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) for bioethanol production. The optimization of alkali (sodium hydroxide) pretreatment parameters such as concentration and residence time was carried out by the Taguchi method using L16 orthogonal array with two factors and four levels. Sugarcane bagasse powder was mixed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (0.5-2 wt.%) and heated in an autoclave at 121°C and at varied times (30-120 min). From the statistical analysis of data, it was observed that delignification and glucan increased with the increased concentration and short time. The optimum parameters of NaOH pretreatment were 2 wt.% of NaOH concentration and 30 minutes of residence time. At the optimum conditions, 86.8% delignification and 46.6% glucan content of SCB were obtained. Thus, alkali pretreatment optimized by Taguchi design is the effective method to remove lignin and to increase cellulose or glucan content in sugarcane bagasse for facilitating the further catalytic hydrolysis in bioethanol production.
Optimization of Anthocyanin Extraction from Cockspur Coral (Erythrina Crista-Galli L.) Petals with Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Damayanti Astrilia , Triwibowo Bayu , Megawati Megawati , Azhari Miftahuddin , Fadriana Sandra Anggita
Published: December 2021

Cockspur coral (Erythrina crista-galli L) petals are flowers that contain anthocyanins and active compounds of flavonoids and tannins. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions for the anthocyanin extraction process of cockspur coral petals using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), analyzed through the Response Surface Method (RSM). This process uses ethanol-hydrochloric acid solvents and a Box-Behnken experimental design involving three factors, namely the solvent ratios (w/v) (1:5, 1:15, and 1:25), microwave powers (300, 450, and 600 watts), and extraction times (3, 9, and 15 minutes). As a result, the second-order polynomial model was enhanced and sufficient to explain the variation of the data that denoted the significant correlation with the independent variables and the response. Derringer's desired function methodology was used for optimizing studies and generated ideal conditions for each or combined an independent variable.  The optimum anthocyanin extract of 5.82 mg/L was obtained at a power condition of 325,5 Watts, an extraction time of 3.05 minutes, and a solvent ratio of 20.5. Meanwhile, the operating conditions at a power of 310.8 Watts, a time of 14.94 minutes, and a solvent ratio of 24.96 resulted in the optimum color intensity (IC) of 1040.26. In the meantime, the optimum antioxidant activity was obtained at a power of 585.97 Watts, a time of 4.93 minutes, and a solvent ratio of 5.43 with IC50 of 0.115.
The Effect of Niobium Addition on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of a Medical Grade SS316L
Authors: Jujur I Nyoman , Susilowati Sri Endah , Roseno Seto , Wargadipura Agus Hadi Santosa
Published: December 2021

To improve mechanical properties, especially elongation, of as-cast medical grade 316L stainless steel, niobium (Nb) was introduced into the alloys, followed by solution heat treatment. Alloying was performed using a 250 kg air induction melting furnace with duplex raw materials and ferronickel. Heat treatment using a solution at 1040 oC, with a holding time of 45 minutes, and water quenching was used. The sample was tested using hardness and ultimate tensile machines. Corrosion tests with simulated body fluids were carried out using media with similar corrosion conditions to human blood. Microstructure observations were performed optically. The results show that the addition of Nb increases the hardness of medical grade 316L stainless steel by 6% compared to the unalloyed steel, both before and after heat treatment. The addition of Nb increases the tensile strength by 8% compared to non-heat treated steel and increases the elongation before and after heat treatment by 8% and 5%, respectively. However, the corrosion rate of the material with Nb is higher than without the addition of Nb. Nb as a carbide former improves the mechanical properties of medical grade 316L stainless steel but adversely affects its corrosion resistance