bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An overview of the applicability of functional diversity in Biological Conservation
Authors: Freitas J. R. , Mantovani W.
Published: October 2017

Abstract Functional diversity is increasingly pointed as a useful approach to reach Biological Conservation goals. Here, we provide an overview of the functional diversity approach status in the Biological Conservation field. We sought for peer-reviewed papers published over a period of twenty years (from 1994 to 2014). First we used the general topic “functional diversity” and then refined our search using the key-word “conservation”. We have identified the conservation strategies addressed, the organism studied, and the continent of study site in each paper. Thirteen classes of conservation strategies were identified. Plants were the most commonly studied organism group and most study-sites were located in Europe. The functional diversity approach was introduced in the Biological Conservation field in the early 2000’s and its inclusion in conservation strategies is broadly advised. However, the number of papers that operationalise such inclusion by developing models and systems is still low. Functional diversity responds differently and eventually better than other measures to changes in land use and management, which suggests that this approach can potentially better predict the impacts. More studies are needed to corroborate this hypothesis. We pointed out knowledge gaps regarding identification of the responses for functional diversity about urban impacts and in research on the level of management intensity of land needed to maintain functional diversity. We recommend the use of functional diversity measures to find ecological indicators. Future studies should focus on the development of functional diversity measures of other taxa beyond plants as well as test hypothesis in tropical ecosystems.
Effects of food availability and habitat features on the Ephemeroptera species composition at seasonal and spatial scales from neotropical floodplain rivers
Authors: Melo S. M. , Ragonha F. H. , Pinha G. D. , Takeda A. M.
Published: October 2017

Abstract Brazilian floodplains have suffered great changes in their natural characteristics in recent decades, mainly in the flood pulse. The Upper Paraná River floodplain is one of the few places where are found remained areas in which such peculiar characteristics keep reflecting on its high biodiversity. Ephemeroptera nymphs are one of the higher density groups among benthic community, occurring in many water bodies like large rivers and secondary channels. We sought to understand which factors are needed for the species establishment and how much important is the species colonization, especially in environments with anthropogenic changes. The marginal areas, which are more structured with presence of macrophytes, showed the highest density and richness even in the Paraná River that has great human impact. We verified dominance of Americabaetis alphus, Tricorythopsis araponga, Tricorythopsis artigas on the Parana River, correlated with transparency, depth and electric conductivity, while the dominance of Traverella sp. was correlated with water temperature, especially in marginal areas. Consequently, the increasing transparency and electric conductivity due to the Porto Primavera dam in Parana River can be favoring those Ephemeroptera species. We demonstrated the importance of preserving the wetlands of Ivinhema River State Park mainly for Guajirolus sp., which was only registered in this region. Therefore, our study provides support for understanding gaps from previously studies using artificial substrates in three large rivers which are of great importance to the upper Paraná River floodplain.
Potential of microalgae in the bioremediation of water with chloride content
Authors: Ramírez M. E. , Vélez Y. H. , Rendón L. , Alzate E.
Published: October 2017

Abstract In this work it was carried out the bioremediation of water containing chlorides with native microalgae (MCA) provided by the Centre for study and research in biotechnology (CIBIOT) at Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Microalgae presented an adaptation to the water and so the conditions evaluated reaching a production of CO2 in mg L-1 of 53.0, 26.6, 56.0, 16.0 and 30.0 and chloride removal efficiencies of 16.37, 26.03, 40.04, 25.96 and 20.25% for microalgae1, microalgae2, microalgae3, microalgae4 and microalgae5 respectively. Water bioremediation process was carried out with content of chlorides in fed batch system with an initial concentration of chlorides of 20585 mg L-1 every 2 days. The Manipulated variables were: the flow of MCA3 (10% inoculum) for test one; NPK flow for test two, and flow of flow of MCA3+0.5 g L-1 NPK. Chloride removal efficiencies were 66.88%, 63.41% and 66.98% for test one, two and three respectively, for a total bioprocess time of 55 days.
Impact of replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources on the growth performance in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) diets
Authors: Al-Thobaiti A. , Al-Ghanim K. , Ahmed Z. , Suliman E. M. , Mahboob S.
Published: October 2017

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the appropriate level of replacement of fish meal (FM) with alternative plant sources in the feed fed to Oreochromis niloticus to evaluate the growth performance. Three isoproteinious (40% crude protein) diets were prepared from different ingredients viz., fish meal, corn gluten meal, wheat gluten meal, and bagasse kenna meal. O. niloticus showed a maximum increase in weight as 9.70, 11.09, 8.53 and 8.32 g during the 2nd, 2nd, 3rd and 2nd fortnight with feeding treatment A, B, C and D, respectively. The growth performance of the fish in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fish fed with 20% replacement of fishmeal in diet B. The worst growth performance was observed in fish fed with commercial diet, designated as diet D. It was concluded that the fish meal can be replaced up to 20 percent with other plant protein sources without any negative impact on fish health. The replacement of fish meal with local plant sources (corn gluten meal, wheat gluten meal, soybean meal and bagasse kenna mix) will not only be beneficial to achieve better growth performance in O. niloticus, it will be a value addition as well.
The vascular flora and vegetation of Queimada Grande Island, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Kurtz Bruno Coutinho , Souza Vinicius Castro , Magalhães Adriana Melo , Paula-Souza Juliana de , Duarte Alexandre Romariz , Joaquim-Jr Gilberto Oliveira
Published: October 2017

Abstract Studies of the vegetation on islands off the coast of southeastern Brazil are still very scarce, despite their importance for assessing, managing, and conserving insular biodiversity. We present here a list of the vascular flora of Queimada Grande Island (QGI; 24°29′10″ S, 46°40′30″ W, 57 ha, 33.2 km from the coast) in southeastern Brazil and describe its phytophysiognomies. The island is covered mainly by Atlantic Forest (Dense Ombrophilous Forest), as well as with rock outcrop and anthropogenic vegetation with herbaceous-shrub phytophysiognomies. QGI showed relatively low species richness (S = 125) when compared to other Brazilian coastal islands. Herbaceous (52) and climbing species (31) predominated on QGI. The richest families were Fabaceae (11 species), Poaceae (9), and Apocynaceae, Asteraceae and Orchidaceae (8 species each). Most species (S = 112) are autochthonous from different phytophysiognomies of the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest complex. Many species associated with anthropically disturbed areas (S = 26) can be found on QGI, including the invasive grass Melinis minutiflora. There was a slight predominance of zoochory (S = 50). We did not identify any species endemic to QGI. One of its species (Cattleya intermedia, Orchidaceae) is vulnerable at both national and regional levels, and another (Barrosoa apiculata, Asteraceae) is presumably extinct on the mainland in São Paulo State. The vascular flora of QGI originated from the mainland Atlantic Forest complex, following the pattern of other coastal islands in southeastern Brazil. The flora and vegetation of QGI reflect the combination of insular conditions, the small size of the island, habitat restriction, steep topography, incipient soils, and the past use of the area with the introduction of several foreign species. We recommend permanent monitoring of the vegetation cover of QGI and its management, in order to ensure the conservation of the local native biota.
Morphological characterization of fruit, seeds and seedlings of white-seal (Chrysophyllum rufum Mart. -Sapotaceae)
Authors: Lima Liliane Ferreira , Lima Renata Gabriela Vila Nova de , Ferreira Angélica Cândida , Almeida Jr. Eduardo Bezerra de , Zickel Carmen Silvia
Published: October 2017

Abstract Chrysophyllum is the second largest genus of Sapotaceae, with 81 species distributed in the neotropics. Little data are found in the literature regarding the morphology of seedlings and the early development of this genus. This study aims to morphologically characterize the fruit, seeds and seedlings of Chrysophyllum rufum Mart. Fruits were collected from individuals present in two fragments of the Atlantic Forest, Pernambuco. A sample of 100 seeds and 100 fruits was randomly selected to obtain the morphological data. The seeds were sown in plastic trays in a greenhouse. The fruits are bacoid, obovoid and globose with one or two functional seeds per fruit. The seeds are obovate, with the shape of the hilum ranging from elliptical transverse to oblong transverse. The embryo is cotyledonar, with a spatulated form. The cotyledons are foliaceous and whitish-translucent. The endosperm is abundant and whitish. Germination is epigeal, phanerocotylar and unipolar. The seedling has different characteristics than those of the adult individual, such as the shape and leaf consistency, type of leaf margin, type of venation variation, number of pairs of secondary veins, trichome coloring and abundance of latex.
A incidência regional do tromboembolismo venoso no Brasil
Authors: Ohki Alan Vitor , Bellen Bonno van
Published: October 2017

Resumo Contexto Vários estudos realizados em climas temperados sugerem que há uma variação na incidência de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) de acordo com as estações climáticas. Entretanto, nenhum estudo foi feito comparando áreas de clima semiárido com áreas de clima temperado. Objetivos Analisar se existe correlação entre a incidência do TEV em áreas de clima semiárido e de clima temperado no Brasil. Métodos Foi feito um levantamento de dados retrospectivos de pacientes com diagnóstico de TEV no Sistema Único de Saúde de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2014 provenientes dos seguintes estados com clima semiáridos: Alagoas, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí e Rio Grande do Norte, localizados na Região Nordeste do Brasil; e dos seguintes estados com clima temperado: Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, localizados na Região Sul do Brasil. Os dados de variação climática foram obtidos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e os dados populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Resultados Houve correlação significativa na incidência de casos de TEV em regiões de temperaturas mais baixas (p < 0,001). A Região Sul apresentou temperaturas significativamente menores que as da Região Nordeste (p < 0,001) e apresentou número significativamente maior de casos de TEV do que a Região Nordeste (p < 0,001). Conclusão Há mais casos de TEV em regiões de clima temperado, onde as temperaturas são mais baixas. No entanto, pouco ainda é conhecido na literatura sobre a flutuação sazonal e a incidência de TEV. Sendo assim, mais estudos são necessários nessa área.
Prevalência de tromboembolismo pulmonar incidental em pacientes oncológicos: análise retrospectiva em grande centro
Authors: Carneiro Renata Mota , Bellen Bonno van , Santana Pablo Rydz Pinheiro , Gomes Antônio Carlos Portugal
Published: October 2017

Resumo Contexto Devido à maior aplicação de exames de imagem rotineiros, especialmente nos pacientes com neoplasia para controle da doença, vem aumentando o diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) incidental, importante fator de morbimortalidade associado. Objetivo Identificar os casos de TEP incidental em pacientes oncológicos submetidos a tomografia computadorizada (TC) de tórax, correlacionando aspectos clínicos e fatores de risco associados. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de todos os episódios de TEP ocorridos de janeiro de 2013 a junho de 2016, com seleção dos pacientes oncológicos e divisão deles em dois grupos: com suspeita clínica e sem suspeita clínica (incidentais) de embolia pulmonar. Resultados Foram avaliados 468 pacientes com TEP no período citado. Destes, 23,1% eram oncológicos, entre os quais 44,4% apresentaram achado incidental de embolia pulmonar na TC de tórax. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos para sexo, idade e tabagismo. Quanto à procedência, 58,3% dos pacientes sem suspeita clínica eram de origem ambulatorial e 41,7% com suspeita de TEP vinham do pronto-socorro (p < 0,001). As neoplasias mais prevalentes foram de pulmão (17,6%), intestino (15,7%) e mama (13,0%). Aqueles com achado incidental apresentaram significativamente mais metástases, sem diferença entre os grupos para realização de quimioterapia, radioterapia ou cirurgia recente. Quanto aos sintomas apresentados, 41,9% daqueles sem suspeita clínica tinham queixas sugestivas de TEP quando realizaram o exame. Conclusão TEP incidental é frequente em pacientes oncológicos, especialmente naqueles provenientes de seguimento ambulatorial e em estágios avançados da doença. Sintomas sugestivos de TEP estavam presentes em pacientes sem suspeita clínica ao realizarem a TC de tórax.
Impacto da escleroterapia com espuma de polidocanol guiada por ultrassom em pacientes com úlcera venosa
Authors: Silva Melissa Andreia de Moraes , Araujo Álefy Zanelato Pereira , Amaral Jéssica Funchal do , Jesus-Silva Seleno Glauber de , Cardoso Rodolfo Souza , Miranda Júnior Fausto
Published: October 2017

Resumo Contexto A escleroterapia com espuma de polidocanol guiada por ultrassom tem sido utilizada no tratamento de pacientes com úlceras venosas. É um procedimento minimamente invasivo e de fácil execução, porém apresenta taxas de recidiva elevadas. Objetivos Relatar a evolução a curto e médio prazo de pacientes com úlcera venosa tratados com escleroterapia com espuma de polidocanol guiada por ultrassom. Métodos Foram reavaliados 19 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento de escleroterapia com espuma de polidocanol guiada por ultrassom no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014. Foram analisados tempo de cicatrização da úlcera, melhora de sintomas clínicos, recanalização das veias tratadas, recidiva dos sintomas e da úlcera venosa. Resultados Foram analisados 15 pacientes do sexo feminino (78,9%) e quatro do sexo masculino (21,1%). A média geral de idade foi de 53 anos. O tempo de seguimento dos pacientes variou de 448 dias a 1.276 dias (média de 791 dias). O tempo médio de presença das úlceras foi de 53 meses. Na avaliação pós-procedimento, foram observadas recanalização total em 15,7%, recanalização parcial em 21% e oclusão em 47,3% das veias tratadas. Apenas em um caso foi observada recidiva da úlcera. Pela avaliação das médias do Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), houve diferença significativa antes e após o procedimento, com variação entre os grupos de 11,2 (p < 0,01). Conclusões A escleroterapia por espuma guiada por ultrassom apresenta altas taxas de sucesso terapêutico, com índices de cicatrização de úlceras venosas elevados.
Population and development in the Amazon: A longitudinal study of migrant settlers in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: SELLERS Samuel , BILSBORROW Richard , SALINAS Victoria , MENA Carlos
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT This paper examines changes over time for a full generation of migrant settlers in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon (NEA). Data were collected from a 2014 household survey covering a subsample of households surveyed previously in 1990 and 1999. We observed changes in demographic behavior, land use, forest cover, and living conditions. As the frontier develops, human fertility is continuing to decline with contraceptive prevalence rising. Meanwhile, out-migration from colonist households, largely to destinations within the region, persists. More households have secure land tenure than in 1999, and are better off as measured by possession of assets. There is continued growth in pasture, largely at the expense of forest. Farms still serve as an important livelihood source for families, though growing cities in the NEA are creating more non-agricultural economic opportunities. Our findings provide a snapshot of demographic, economic, land use, and livelihood changes occurring in the NEA during the past quarter century, providing useful information for policymakers seeking to balance economic and environmental goals in order to promote sustainable development as well as protect biodiversity.
Observational and experimental evaluation of hemiparasite resistance in trees in the urban afforestation of Santarém, Pará, Brazil
Authors: SILVA Francisco Pinheiro da , FADINI Rodrigo Ferreira
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT One of the problems affecting the quality of urban trees is their infestation by mistletoes (aerial hemiparasite plants of the order Santalales). Identification of the main types of trees infested, and of the causes of infestation patterns, can help infestation control and the planning of efficient planting regimes. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the patterns of hemiparasite infestation in trees in an Amazonian urban environment. We aimed to answer (1) which species of mistletoes occur on urban trees in the city of Santarém, in the Brazilian Amazon; (2) what is the proportion and intensity of infestation on infected trees; and (3) if differences in infestation rates among tree species can be explained by mistletoe-tree compatibility. We assessed mistletoe incidence and intensity of infestation on trees in the main avenues of the city. To evaluate the role of mistletoe-tree compatibility in the observed parasitism patterns, we carried out a seed inoculation experiment with seeds of the most abundant mistletoe, Passovia theloneura. Seeds were planted on three tree species (Andira inermis, Handroanthus serratifolius, and Mangifera indica). The overall infestation rate was 19.3%, with exotic tree species more infested than natives. The experiment showed that incompatibility between P. theloneura and the native H. serratifolius is primarily responsible for the observed non-infestation. Mistletoes germinated on A. inermis grew better than those on M. indica, contrary to the infestation prevalence found in the field, suggesting that patterns of infestation are also influenced by seed deposition processes.
Range extension of Diclidurus scutatus (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae) to southwestern Amazonia
Authors: NOVAES Roberto Leonan Morim , CLÁUDIO Vinícius Cardoso , KUNIY Adriana Akemi
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Diclidurus scutatus is an aerial insectivore bat endemic of South America and considered rare throughout its distribution range. We present the first record of this species in Rondônia State, northern Brazil, expanding its distribution more than 1000 km into southwestern Amazonia. Including this record, D. scutatus is known for 20 localities from eight countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela), and two biomes-Amazonia and Atlantic Forest.
Supplementary taxonomic description of Demidospermus pinirampi (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae), with a new host record and an expansion of its distribution range
Authors: AGUIAR Julio Cesar Cenci de , BUENO Glauco Baptista Franco , SANTOS Sonia Maria Cursino dos , ADRIANO Edson Aparecido
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT During a survey conducted in the Lajeado Reservoir of the Tocantins River, in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, dactylogyrids were recovered from the gills of Pimelodina flavipinnis. Initial morphological analysis showed these dactylogyrids shared aspects of character with species of Demidospermus, with affinity to Demidospermus pinirampi, despite exhibiting differences with the original description by Kritsky et al. (1987) regarding the vagina, the base of the male copulatory organ and the shape and length of the bars. The analysis of the holotypes of D. pinirampi and its most morphologically close species, Demidospermus luckyi, revealed that these dactylogyrids were indeed D. pinirampi. This study therefore reports a new host and locality of occurrence, and reviews some measurements of the original description, supplementing and enhancing the morphological diagnosis of D. pinirampi.
A new species of Sarcofahrtiopsis (Insecta, Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from mangrove forests in the Brazilian Amazon, with a key to species identification
Authors: CARVALHO-FILHO Fernando da Silva , SOUZA Caroline Costa de , SOARES Jéssica Maria Menezes
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT A new species of Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall, 1933, S. terezinhae sp. nov., is described based on male specimens collected in traps baited with rotting crabs in a mangrove forest in the state of Pará, eastern Brazilian Amazon. This species differs from congeneric species in having vesica with a row of toe-like projections. We provide a key to the species of the genus.
Postmortem interval estimation based on Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera, Calliphoridae) in a forensic case in the Andean Amazon, Caquetá, Colombia
Authors: RAMOS-PASTRANA Yardany , WOLFF Marta
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT This is the first application of forensic entomology in a case involving a human corpse found in the urban area of the Municipality of Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, in the Piedemont of the Colombian Amazon. Three days after removing the body from the scene, pupae and puparia were collected and identified as Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera, Calliphoridae). The postmortem interval was estimated on the basis of previously published data and verified through accumulated degree hours (ADH) and intrapuparial development. The estimated minimum postmortem interval was of 229 hours (9.5 days).
Analysis of soybean cropland expansion in the southern Brazilian Amazon and its relation to economic drivers
Authors: GUSSO Anibal , DUCATI Jorge Ricardo , BORTOLOTTO Virindiana Colet
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT The agricultural dynamics of soybean expansion have long been recognized as a major driver of excessive land cover change on the southwestern border of the Brazilian Amazon. The hypothesis that the soybean market exerts an influence on land use was investigated by the association between economic indicators and soybean crop dynamics in the state of Mato Grosso (western Brazil). We integrated a historical series of satellite data of soybean cropland expansion and the two main economic variables (selling prices and production costs) for soybean in Mato Grosso. We focused on the relation between profit (the difference between the average soybean price and production costs) and land-use transition to soybean from 2001 to 2013. The spatially explicit analysis showed that the overall accuracy between the resulting first-time use and the most recent soybean crop area in 2013 was 96.75%, with a Kappa index of 0.63. However, dissimilar values found between Omission and Commission indicators suggest that most of the expanded areas prior to 2013 (5.57 million ha) were under a high dynamical range of land uses. Although there is no direct relation between either the deforestation rate or expansion trends (first-time-use rate) and profit, the results strongly suggest (R2=0.81) that profit exerts a direct and non-negligible influence on the evolution of consolidated land use for soybean in Mato Grosso State.
Antileishmanial activity of extracts from Libidibia ferrea: development of in vitro and in vivo tests
Authors: COMANDOLLI-WYREPKOWSKI Claudia Dantas , JENSEN Bruno Bezerra , GRAFOVA Iryna , SANTOS Pierre Alexandre dos , BARROS Angela Maria Comapa , SOARES Fabiane Veloso , BARCELLOS José Fernando Marques , SILVA Aline Fagundes da , GRAFOV Andriy , FRANCO Antonia Maria Ramos
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is difficult due to the scarce number of drugs able to eliminate completely the intracellular form of the parasite. In the present study, the aim was to evaluate: i) phytochemical properties of extracts from Libidibia ferrea; ii) antileishmanial activity of extracts from L. ferrea against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis; iii) the effects of topical treatment using hydrogel containing active extract of L. ferrea on golden hamsters infected with L. (L.) amazonensis. Extracts from leaves, branches and fruits of L. ferrea were obtained with hexane and methanol and were tested by in vitro assays in promastigotes and murine macrophages J774 experimentally infected with amastigotes of Leishmania. Groups of hamsters with CL received topical treatment with a formulation of extract (10%) hydrogels, 50 mg.day-1 for 40 days. In vitro activity of FrMeOH (methanolic extract from fruits without seeds) resulted in significant reduction of viable promastigotes of L. (L.) amazonensis (IC50 of 15.4 µg.mL-1) and demonstrated inhibition potential of amastigote forms of L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) guyanensis and low cytotoxicity in macrophages. The overall data of topical treatment with extract hydrogels (GelFrMeOH) showed that lesion sizes were significantly reduced (42.78%), with low parasite burden by RT-qPCR and culture analysis by microscopy examination, and with histopathological findings such as lower inflammatory cell infiltration 40 days after treatment. Chemical analysis demonstrated FrMeOH contains high levels of phenolic compounds. The results indicate a possible alternative therapy for CL using phytotherapics.
Bat necrophagy by a whip-spider (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Phrynidae) in a cave in the eastern Brazilian Amazon
Authors: PROUS Xavier , PIETROBON Thadeu , RIBEIRO Mariane S. , ZAMPAULO Robson de A.
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Amblypygids are among the main predators in the ferriferous caves in Carajás National Forest, state of Pará (Amazon region of Brazil). One of the most common amblypygid species in this region is Heterophrynus longicornis (Butler 1873), and its most frequent prey are crickets of the family Phalangopsidae, which are abundant in the caves of Pará. Because they are primarily predators, necrophagy by amblypygids is not frequent in nature, and there are only two literature records of necrophagy of bats by Amblypygi. On December 11th, 2013, we observed an individual H. longicornis eating a bat carcass in a Pará ferriferous cave. The amblypygid exhibited considerable interest in the bat’s carcass, and it did not interrupt its meal even when lamps or a camera’s flash were pointed in its direction. The availability of nutrients in the carcass must promote this opportunistic behavior in caves, especially considering the habitual scarcity of trophic resources in underground environments when compared to epigean environments.
Metazoan parasite communities of Leporinus macrocephalus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) in cultivation systems in the western Amazon, Brazil
Authors: MARTINS Williane M. de O. , JUSTO Marcia C. N. , CÁRDENAS Melissa Q. , COHEN Simone C.
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT In the Amazon, the growing demand for fish has been boosting the expansion of fish farms. However, the intensification of cultivation can generate disequilibrium in the parasite-host environment, predisposing fish to parasitic infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the community structure of metazoan parasites in cultivation systems of piauçu, Leporinus macrocephalus, in the state of Acre, Brazil. We examined 100 specimens from a semi-intensive cultivation system (earth tanks) and 100 from an extensive system (dams). Overall 66.5% of the hosts were parasitized. We collected 1,240 parasite specimens, classified in 15 metazoan taxa (10 monogenoidean, one digenean and four nematodes). The parasite prevalence was higher by Monogenoidea in the dams, and by Nematoda in the earth tanks. The parasitic indexes were, in general, low and varied among species. Monogeneoidea had higher values for quantitative and ecological descriptors of parasitism in the dams, while Nematoda had higher values in the earth tanks. A single species of Digenea was found in the dams, with low prevalence. No taxon was classified as central. In the dams, parasite abundance was correlated only with total fish length, while in the earth tanks, it was positively correlated with total length, weight and condition factor of fish. The endoparasite and ectoparasite infracommunities presented higher richness, dominance, diversity and evenness, respectively, in the earth tanks and in the dams. This is the first study of ecological descriptors of parasites of L. macrocephalus in the Amazon.
Molecular characterization of progenies of bacurizeiro ( Platonia insignis ) from Marajó Island, northeastern Amazon
Authors: PONTES Lígia Cristine Gonçalves , MOURA Elisa Ferreira , MOURA Mônika Fecury , RODRIGUES Simone de Miranda , OLIVEIRA Maria do Socorro Padilha de , CARVALHO José Edmar Urano de , THERRIER Josette
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT The bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis Mart.) is a tree native to the Amazon whose fruit is much used in the gastronomy in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Due to its great economic potential for these regions, the species is being conserved in germplasm banks to support genetic breeding programs. The aim of this work was the molecular characterization of P. insignis accessions belonging to the germplasm bank of the Embrapa Eastern Amazon research unit using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Seventy-eight accessions of P. insignis belonging to 16 progenies were sampled in two different localities on Marajó Island, state of Pará, Brazil. Among the 16 progenies, seven were collected in Soure and nine in Salvaterra. The 78 accessions were genotyped with 23 pre-selected primers. We obtained 121 amplified products, of which 54 were polymorphic. The most polymorphic primers were UBC 834, UBC 899 and UBC 900. Primers UBC810 and UBC884 did not amplify polymorphic bands. Forty-nine markers out of 54 were selected for genetic analyses. AMOVA within and among progenies showed low genetic differentiation (ΦPT = 0.064, P<0.001) with higher diversity within progenies (96%), low genetic differentiation among sampling localities (ΦPT = 0.025, P<0.013), and higher diversity within (98%) than among localities. Clustering by UPGMA based on Jaccard similarities among pairs of accessions did not separate genotypes according to progeny or sampling localitiy. We recommend that new germplasm surveys consider a greater sampling effort within sampling localitites.
Zootherapy in the Amazon: green anaconda ( Eunectes murinus ) fat as a natural medicine to treat wounds
Authors: SOUZA Erika , WERNECK Fernanda P. , MATOS Leonardo B. , FRAGA Rafael de
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Zootherapy (the use of the therapeutic potential of animals) is at least 6,000 years old, and has been kept active throughout generations until modern days. Animal fat is commonly used in the zootherapeutic folk medicine from South America, specially the green anaconda’s fat, which is widely promoted as a natural medicine to treat wounds, even though there is no scientific evidence showing its efficacy. In this study we compared the total healing time and the proportional daily reduction of dorsal epithelial incisions in adult male Wistar rats treated with nitrofural (a commercial cicatrizing ointment) and with anaconda fat. We applied the treatments every two days and measured the incision diameter daily, during ten consecutive days. Differences among the groups in the total healing time and in the proportional daily reduction of the incision consistently showed that the fat-based treatment resulted in a faster healing process compared to the commercial ointment tested. The literature suggests that the efficacy of animal fat on healing may be primarily related to the presence of fatty acids, which have been widely demonstrated to be important for biochemical reactions involved in healing processes. Our findings are widely socially relevant, considering that traditional Amazonian communities that use anaconda fat in folk medicine do not have easy access to pharmacies and hospitals.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação sensorial de goiaba-passa desidratada osmoticamente
Authors: Castro Deise Souza de , Silva Wilton Pereira da , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira , Aires Juarez Everton Farias , Aires Kalina Ligia Cavalcante de Almeida Farias , Silva Junior Aluízio Freire da
Published: October 2017

Resumo Apesar de ser um fruto disponível durante todo o ano, nas regiões de cultivo irrigado das diferentes regiões do país, a goiaba apresenta grande desperdício pós-colheita, associado ao rápido amadurecimento, necessitando da aplicação de técnicas de processamento que diminuam o desperdício deste fruto. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar o processo de transferência de massa durante a desidratação osmótica de fatias de goiaba, além de avaliar os parâmetros sensoriais da goiaba-passa obtida sob diferentes temperaturas de processo e concentrações de sacarose. Fatias de goiaba cv. Paluma (3,0 × 2,0 × 0,9 cm) foram submetidas à desidratação osmótica em xaropes de sacarose a 40 °Brix, 50 °Brix e 60 °Brix, combinados com temperaturas de 30 °C, 40 °C e 50 °C, por meio de planejamento fatorial com ponto central. O pré-tratamento osmótico foi complementado com secagem convectiva a 60 °C e as goiabas-passa foram estudadas quanto ao processo de transferência de massa na desidratação osmótica, seguida de avaliação sensorial. Verificou-se que a máxima transferência de massa ocorreu durante as quatro horas iniciais de desidratação, sendo a concentração de sacarose o efeito com maior influência na diminuição da quantidade de água e no aumento da incorporação de sólidos. A avaliação dos parâmetros sensoriais demonstrou uma maior preferência dos provadores pelas passas obtidas em menor concentração de sacarose, para os atributos aparência, cor, textura e sabor. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as notas atribuídas pelos provadores para o atributo odor. O perfil sensorial aplicado revelou a boa aceitação do pré-tratamento osmótico quando comparado ao fruto sem tratamento osmótico e seco apenas por secagem convectiva.
Determination of thermotolerant coliforms present in coconut water produced and bottled in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Pereira Vandbergue Santos , Mendes Johnatan Wellisson da Silva , Oliveira Lorena Alves , Mangueira Carlos Eberton Alves , Rodrigues Edlânia Moraes , Figueredo Fernando Gomes
Published: October 2017

Abstract Coconut water is considered to be a natural isotonic drink and its marketing is gradually increasing. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of the coconut water produced and bottled in the Northeast of Brazil. Products form ten industries from different states in the Northeast of Brazil were analyzed. The most probable number (MPN) method was used to quantify the coliforms. Samples showing positive for coliforms were seeded on ChromAgar Orient plates and the bacteria identified from isolated colonies using the automated system Vitek 2 (BioMérieux), according to the manufacturer's instructions for the preparation of the inoculum, incubation, reading and interpretation. The samples showed thermotolerant coliform counts between 6.0×102 and 2.6×104 MPN/100 mL. The presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii and Providencia alcalifaciens was observed. The implementation of preventive methods and monitoring of the water quality by the industries is required.
Fast method to determine the elements in maize flour: reduction in preparation time and reagent consumption
Authors: Kelte Filho Irineo , Butik Mariane , Jaski Ana Caroline , Quináia Sueli Pércio
Published: October 2017

Abstract The aim of this work was to develop and validate methodology to reduce the digestion time and reagent consumption in the determination of minerals in maize flour. The standard methodology employed in Brazil is that described by AOAC. It consists of the calcination of the sample at high temperatures for a long period of time, making the process expensive and slow. In this work, a wet sample digestion method using HNO3 was employed, heating on a block digester with final dissolution in an ultrasonic bath. The validation tests involved linearity and working range studies, and the determination of the detection and quantification limits, accuracy and precision. The sample digestion time was 1:30 h and the percent recoveries for the metals were 93% for Ca, 98% for Cu, 110% for Fe, 97% for Mg, 101% for Mn and 106% for Zn.
Jogos tipo “bean bag” em aulas de evolução
Authors: Ferreira Maíra da Silva Navarro , Silva Edson Pereira da
Published: October 2017

Resumo: A utilização de jogos didáticos tipo “Bean Bag Genetics” é descrita para o ensino da teoria evolutiva em turmas de graduação de uma universidade pública brasileira. Esses jogos estão em sintonia com as propostas de ensino baseadas em metodologias ativas, nas quais os alunos fazem perguntas e testam previsões por meio da produção de dados e sua discussão. Os resultados indicaram boa receptividade dos jogos. Com relação à aprendizagem, os jogos contribuíram para superação de problemas ligados aos aspectos matemáticos da genética de populações, reformulação de concepções prévias, bem como para a concretização de aspectos abstratos relacionados à teoria evolutiva. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que esses jogos podem se constituir em mais uma alternativa para o ensino de evolução.
O Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Física da UFRGS: reconstrução de uma história
Authors: Barolli Elisabeth , Villani Alberto , Maia Juliana de Oliveira
Published: October 2017

Resumo: A pós-graduação brasileira tem investido na implantação de diversos programas de Mestrado Profissional (MP) por parte da CAPES, buscando, assim, uma aproximação efetiva entre universidade e sociedade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre o processo de constituição do curso da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), mediante a reconstrução de sua história; serão realçadas as principais estratégias de sustentação que o grupo de docentes elegeu, desde sua criação até início de 2016, quando o curso deixou de abrir vagas. Para tanto, foram entrevistados nove docentes que participaram do MP em Ensino de Física da UFRGS. A análise narrativa, elaborada com base no desenvolvimento grupal, revela que essas estratégias tiveram sucesso relativo no enfrentamento das dificuldades e vicissitudes que foram surgindo no processo de implementação da proposta. Sugestões são oferecidas para subsidiar a condução de MPs na perspectiva de contribuir para o desenvolvimento profissional docente na área de ensino de ciências.
ESPAÇO INTERATIVO DE ARGUMENTAÇÃO COLABORATIVA: CONDIÇÕES CRIADAS PELO PROFESSOR PARA PROMOVER ARGUMENTAÇÃO EM AULAS INVESTIGATIVAS
Authors: Ferraz Arthur Tadeu , Sasseron Lúcia Helena
Published: October 2017

RESUMO: O ensino por investigação é frequentemente considerado como catalisador do processo de Alfabetização Científica, pois favorece tanto o trabalho de práticas epistêmicas da ciência, como a argumentação, e a ocorrência de interações de diferentes naturezas que são essenciais para a construção de sentidos e significados. Neste trabalho, buscamos discutir a importância da promoção das interações neste contexto com foco na promoção da argumentação para a construção de entendimento pelos alunos sobre um determinado objeto de estudo. Nossos resultados, teóricos e empíricos, revelaram que a implementação de abordagens investigativas permite a configuração de um espaço interativo de argumentação colaborativa, ou seja, um ambiente em que a construção de argumentos é favorecida pela interação e colaboração entre os membros e elementos que constituem a sala de aula.
Reflexões de um grupo de professores acerca do melhoramento genético humano a partir de discussões de textos de divulgação científica
Authors: Schneider Eduarda Maria , Meglhioratti Fernanda Aparecida , Soares Alexandre Sebastião Ferrari
Published: October 2017

RESUMO: A possibilidade da manipulação genética humana levanta sérios questionamentos éticos. Nesse contexto objetiva-se analisar os sentidos produzidos em discursos de professores a partir da leitura e reflexão de textos de divulgação científica acerca do tema. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio da aplicação de questionários e vídeo gravação das falas de 17 professores durante um curso de formação continuada. Os dados constituídos foram organizados e analisados mediante Análise de Discurso Francesa. Os resultados apontaram que a formação discursiva e ideológica dos professores e as reflexões suscitadas durante o curso contribuíram para os docentes compreenderem os diferentes sentidos produzidos pelos discursos das atuais técnicas de manipulação genética humana e suas aproximações ideológicas com o “velho discurso eugênico” e suas implicações éticas.
OS SISTEMAS DE AVALIAÇÃO EM LARGA ESCALA E SEUS RESULTADOS: O PISA E SUAS POSSÍVEIS IMPLICAÇÕES PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Pizarro Mariana Vaitiekunas , Lopes Junior Jair
Published: October 2017

RESUMO: O panorama vivido atualmente pelos professores é permeado por sistemas de avaliação em larga escala. O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar, através do levantamento em periódicos nacionais e internacionais, possíveis demandas e/ou considerações para a área de ensino de Ciências, com o advento das avaliações em larga escala. Para a realização desta pesquisa, consultamos os periódicos que atendem ao Ensino de Ciências no Qualis Periódicos da CAPES Brasil, tendo como foco a alfabetização científica e sua relação com as avaliações em larga escala. Os resultados apontam a predominância de discussões sobre o PISA e, mediante análise da repercussão dos resultados de tal programa, concluímos pela necessidade de pesquisas que envolvam discutir o impacto dessas avaliações para o ensino de Ciências em temas importantes como: abordagem de conteúdos, formação de professores, políticas públicas para o ensino de Ciências, geração de currículos e compreensão pública da Ciência.
Physical activities practicing among scholar professors: focus on their quality of life
Authors: Dias Jaqueline , Dusmann Junior Matheus , Costa Maria Antônia Ramos , Francisqueti Verônica , Higarashi Ieda Harumi
Published: October 2017

Abstract Objective: To investigate the practice of physical activity among scholar professors focusing on their quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 121 professors at one of the campuses of a state university in the State of Paraná, using a questionnaire created by Baecke and adapted for the study. Results: The analyzed group presented a level of inadequate physical activity of 54.4%, with mean body mass of 26.20, considered overweight. Conclusion: The study indicated that professors do not practice physical activity at the level recommended by the World Health Organization; therefore, they are, for the most part, sedentary and have complaints of anxiety. It is advisable to carry out actions aimed at the health of the professors, directed to the modification in the lifestyle, with regular practice of physical activities and balanced diet, for the improvement of the quality of life.
Um Olhar sobre Material for the Spine, de Steve Paxton
Authors: Marengo Mayana , Muniz Zilá
Published: October 2017

Resumo: A pesquisa detalha alguns pontos fundamentais de Material for the spine, de Steve Paxton, para estabelecer relações entre o mesmo e posições acerca dos fenômenos sensação e percepção no contexto da performatividade na cena contemporânea. Analisa, ainda, a relação entre sensação interna do corpo e o desenho do corpo em movimento, que Paxton define como forma. A partir desses conceitos, discute a potência artística nessa abordagem, pautada numa prática cênica cujo objetivo está em criar dança.
Composição Instantânea: formação coreográfica do artista da dança e de seu corpo-realidade
Authors: Santos Maíra Simões Claudino
Published: October 2017

Resumo: O artigo se propõe a discutir a formação e a preparação do corpo-real do artista da dança, a partir das práticas corporais relacionadas com o trabalho de composição instantânea, segundo a concepção do coreógrafo britânico Julyen Hamilton. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de prática artística em que o campo privilegiado foi o próprio estúdio e workshops. Da análise dos dados, emergiram categorias como: qualidade de movimento, arenas reflexivas e presença. O estudo sugere maneiras de se trabalhar o corpo e a formação coreográfica, almejando construir um corpo autônomo, de modo que os exercícios se transformem em performances que fujam aos padrões normativos.
De l’Analyse des Textes ou des Spectacles aux Ateliers d’Écriture Dramatique: une brève réflexion pour une longue odyssée
Authors: Pavis Patrice
Published: October 2017

Résumé: Sur une période de temps, allant de 1976 à 2016, la méthodologie de l’analyse des textes dramatiques comme celle des mises en scène a eu le temps d’évoluer. Le renouvellement de la mise en scène et des ateliers d’écriture et d’interprétation n’en a été que plus spectaculaire. Ayant, volens nolens, suivi le mouvement de cette pédagogie tumultueuse à l’ère de la paupérisation et de la commercialisation de l’université, l’auteur raconte ses expériences dans des cadres très différents et avec des bonheurs très divers (Paris, Canterbury, La Havane, Séoul, Taipei).
Poesia e linguagem na primeira recepção de Nietzsche dos escritos de August Wilhelm Schlegel
Authors: Cavalcanti Anna Hartmann
Published: October 2017

Resumo: Em 1863, último ano de seus estudos na célebre escola Pforta, Nietzsche leu as Lições sobre belas-letras e arte e o ensaio Bürger, de A.W. Schlegel, tendo elaborado anotações sobre ambos os textos. A partir de tais leituras, teve acesso a uma detalhada exposição da teoria romântica, no que diz respeito às questões da arte e da linguagem, assim como a uma análise da obra do poeta Gottfried August Bürger. O interesse pela estética romântica de August Schlegel permaneceu vivo nos anos seguintes, estendendo-se a todo período de elaboração de O Nascimento da tragédia. Neste artigo pretendo examinar a recepção de Nietzsche dos escritos de Schlegel, especialmente do ensaio Bürger, assim como elucidar aspectos importantes do diálogo que estabeleceu com o primeiro romantismo alemão.
Transfigurações do passado: aspectos do problema do tempo na segunda Consideração extemporânea
Authors: Nasser Eduardo
Published: October 2017

Resumo: A segunda Consideração Extemporânea foi acolhida no cenário filosófico contemporâneo como uma obra singular do pensamento nietzschiano que serve de marco na transição do tempo abstrato para o tempo vivido; sua maior virtude teria sido evidenciar o futuro enquanto um modo temporal dominante na existência humana. Contudo, pretendo mostrar que, nesse livro, Nietzsche está na verdade interessado em combater os efeitos devastadores da percepção do tempo para o homem - um problema que já o perseguia -, encontrando, para tanto, recursos preciosos numa apropriação valorativa da história.
A República dos gênios
Authors: Métayer Guillaume
Published: October 2017

Resumo: O artigo explora a pertinência filológica, o sentido e as questões da “bandeira das Luzes” “com os nomes de Petrarca, Erasmo, Voltaire” que Nietzsche afirma querer “levar adiante” em Humano, demasiado humano (I, §26). Ele procura fazer surgir a coerência tipológica de um homem das Luzes herdeiro do Renascimento, fundado sobre a ideia de uma mobilidade tanto nacional, social, quanto literária e filosófica. Nietzsche se inscreve nessa “história monumental” dos “espíritos livres”, filósofos-poetas, “libertadores” anti-escolásticos e reformadores de seu tempo, esboçando a figura do “bom europeu”.