bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insomnia: definition, prevalence, health risks and therapy approaches
Authors: Pizova N. V.
Published: April 2023

Insomnia is a common disorder among the general population, which has a chronic course and a heavy burden on patients and the health care system. Epidemiological papers on sleep disorders show that a large number of people complain of sleep disorders. Today, there are several classifications and definitions for sleep disorders, and first of all for insomnia. Insufficient sleep can contribute to the occurrence of rapid fatigue during the daytime, reduced activity, attention and efficiency. Studies have shown that long-term and severe sleep disorders can lead to and/or exacerbate various somatic, neurological and mental diseases. Insomnia can contribute to cognitive impairment. Although both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions are available, drugs are more often prescribed due to greater availability. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is recommended as the first line treatment for adults of any age. Pharmacological intervention may be offered, if cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is not enough effective or not available. At the same time, the pharmacotherapy for sleep disorders remains problematic despite a large number of sleeping pills. Sleeping agents that are widely used in medical practice both in terms of their mechanisms of action and final results such as their effect on sleep do not always contribute to the development of natural (or at least close to physiological) sleep. Benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, melatonin, and phytotherapeutic medicines can be used to treat insomnia.
Treatment of chronic migraine and insomnia with cognitive behavioral therapy
Authors: Golovacheva V. A.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Chronic migraine (CM) is a neurological disease which is often comorbid with chronic insomnia (CI). The interdisciplinary approach including the cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is recommended for the treatment of patients with CM and comorbid CI.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the interdisciplinary treatment program including CBT in the treatment of patients with CM and CI. Materials and methods. A total of 54 patients with CM and CI (19 men and 35 women, mean age 34.1 ± 8.5 years), were enrolled in the study. The clinical and psychological characteristics were assessed before and after treatment (at Month 3, 6, 12) using interviewing, testing, headache and sleep diaries. All patients received the interdisciplinary treatment, including pharmacotherapy, discontinuation of pain medications in the presence of drug-induced headache (DIHA), CBT for headache and insomnia.

Results. Three months after treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in mean scores for headache frequency, pain drugs dosing interval, insomnia severity index, as well as according to the Spielberger Khanin's Reactive and Personal Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Scale, Impact of Migraine on Daily Activities Scale (p < 0.05). The achieved improvements were maintained at Months 6 and 12 of the follow-up period. At Month 3, 35 (65%) patients achieved a clinical effect in the treatment of CM: the frequency of headache decreased by 50% or more, 41 (76%) patients achieved a clinical effect in the treatment of CI: the insomnia severity index decreased by 8 scores and more. At Month 6, 42 (77.8%) patients had a clinical effect in CM therapy, and 44 (81.5%) patients in CI therapy. The achieved clinical effects have been shown to be maintained by Month 12 of the follow-up period.

Conclusion. The interdisciplinary program including CBT is effective in the treatment of patients with CM and CI over the shortand long-term horizon.
A Postmodern Theorization of Islamic Feminism: Constructing Alternative Discourses of Difference and Plurality
Authors: Dao-Sabah Manal
Published: April 2023

This article aims at studying how Islamic feminism has enriched and pluralized feminist research through underscoring its particularity and ability to address the Muslim woman’s quest for equality based on the Islamic referentiality and away from the Universalist feminist discourse. Thus, this paper argues that Islamic feminists draw their agency first from devising female-inclusive hermeneutics of the Islamic foundational texts which enables them to deconstruct the canonized dominant religious patriarchal discourses and second from manifesting the ability to depart from the mainstream Western feminism. I use the postmodernism ‒especially the features of the waning of affect and the weakening of the role of public history‒ to explore Islamic feminism’s heterogeneous alternative approaches to the sacred texts and the Muslim woman’s empowerment. This paper finds out that Islamic feminism is itself endowed with plurality and difference as it utilizes diversified approaches.
Sümerbank Ereğli Pamuklu Dokuma Fabrikası (1934-1997)
Authors: SEMİZ Yaşar , TOPLU Güngör
Published: April 2023

1929 Dünya İktisadi Buhranının etkilerinin dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de yaygınlaşması piyasa ekonomisine olan güveni sarsmış ve birçok ülkede devlet müdahaleciliğinin planlı bir şekilde yürütülmesi fikrini tartışmaya açmıştı. Türkiye’de 1929 Dünya İktisadi Buhranından sonra planlı ekonomiye geçen ülkelerden birisi olmuş ve bu çerçevede birçok fabrika kurmuştur. Sümerbank Ereğli Bez Fabrikası da Birinci Beş Yıllık Sanayi Planı çerçevesinde kurulması kararlaştırılarak 20 Ekim 1934’te temeli atılan fabrikalardan bir tanesidir. Fabrikanın diğer pamuklu dokuma fabrikalarına göre daha ince dokuma üretmesi öngörülmüştür. Plan ve projeleri Sümerbank Fen Heyeti tarafından hazırlanan fabrika bu yönüyle Türk mühendislerinin bir eseri olma özelliğini de taşımaktadır. Kazan ve elektrik tesisatı dışındaki tüm makine aksamı Almanya’dan temin edilerek monte edilmiştir. İnşaat ve montaj işleri 1936 yaz sonuna doğru bitmiş, deneme çalışmalarının ardından 4 Nisan 1937’de açılışı yapılarak üretime başlamıştır. Fabrika, diğer Kamu İktisadi Teşekkülleri gibi en parlak dönemini 1950’li yıllarda yaşamıştır. 1987 yılında özelleştirme kapsamına alınmış 1997 yılında da Albayrak Tekstil tarafından satın alınarak adı Albayrak Tekstil olarak değiştirilmiştir.

Sümerbank Ereğli Pamuklu Dokuma Fabrikası, ilçenin nüfusunun artması ve şehrin gelişiminde önemli rol oynamıştır. Fabrika, sosyal tesisleri, okulu ve lojmanları ile çevresi için sosyal ve kültürel değişimin öncülüğünü yapmıştır. Memur ve işçi konutlarının içindeki yeşil alanlar ise, Ereğli ve çevresi için önemli bir kentsel peyzaj örneği olmuştur. Yapılış amacı, ekonomik ve sosyal işlevi, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ulus- devlet oluşturma çabalarıyla doğrudan ilgilidir. Bundan dolayı tesis, sadece Ereğli merkezli değil, o dönemde oluşturulmaya çalışılan modern Türkiye hakkında genel bilgi vermesi bakımından da önem taşımaktadır.
Türk Demokrasi Tarihinde Kayıp Bir Özne: Milli Türk Cemiyeti ve Programının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÜNAL Yenal
Published: April 2023

Bu araştırma, mütareke döneminde kurulmuş ve bugüne kadar üzerine ciddi bilimsel bir çalışma yapılmamış olan Millî Türk Cemiyeti’nin kuruluşu, gelişimi, takip ettiği düşünsel çizgi, beyannamesi ve özellikle programı üzerine gerçekleştirilmiştir. 30 Ekim 1918 tarihinde Mondros Mütarekesi’nin imzalanmasından sonra 23 Kasım 1918 tarihinde kurulan bu cemiyet, dönemin eğitimci aydınlarının öncülüğünde ortaya çıkmıştır. Cemiyetin kurucuları Halil Nimetullah (Öztürk), Mehmet Sadi, Halit Fahri (Ozansoy), Servet, Hıfzı Tevfik (Gönensay) ve Rıza İzzet’tir. Söz konusu eğitimci aydınlar düşünsel manada Türk milliyetçiliği fikrini savunmuşlardır. Millî Türk Cemiyeti’nin ortaya çıkışında iki temel faktör etkilidir. Bunlardan birincisi medeni vasıflara sahip olan Türk milletinin bu özelliğini deliller ve belgeleriyle tüm uygar dünyaya karşı savunmaktır. İkinci önemli faktör ise mütarekeden sonra parçalanmaya yüz tutan toplumu, Türk milliyetçiliği düşüncesi etrafında toplayarak ülkede dayanışmayı yeniden tesis etmektir. Millî Türk Cemiyeti kurulduğunda toplam yirmi dört maddeden oluşan bir cemiyet programı yayımlamıştır. Cemiyet, kurucularının tamamının eğitimci olması nedeniyle odaklandığı önemli konulardan biri de eğitim ve öğretim meselesidir. Buna göre cemiyet, eğitim faaliyetlerini bütün yurt geneline yaymayı ve eğitimin kalitesini olabildiğince arttırmayı amaç edinmiştir.
Türkiye’de Ekonomi ve Emisyon Politikalarının Değişimi (1930-1950): Tarihsel Bir Bakış
Authors: YAPICI Hasan
Published: April 2023

Merkez Bankaları, gelişmiş ekonomilerde para politikalarının belirlenmesi ve uygulanması açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Dünya ekonomi tarihinde Merkez Bankası şeklindeki veya en azından bu yapıdaki örgütlenmeye en erken 17. yüzyılda İngiltere’de rastlanmaktadır. 19. yüzyıl ile birlikte ise bu tarz bankaların sayısı artmış ve nihayetinde başlangıçta özel sermaye eli ile kurulmuş olan bankalar devletleştirilmiştir. Devletler böylelikle para ve kredi sistemlerinin kontrol mekanizmalarını oluşturabilmişlerdir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde Merkez Bankası’nın kuruluşu 1930 yılında gerçekleşmiştir. Bu tarihten önce Merkez Bankası’nın kurulması için büyük çaba sarf edilmişse de şartların el vermemesi nedeniyle bankanın kuruluşu gecikmiştir. Takvimler 1929 yılını işaret ettiğinde, kapitalist sahada çıkan büyük buhran diğer devletlerin olduğu gibi Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ekonomik yapısını da alt üst etmiştir. Krizin ilk etkileri Türk Lirasının değerinde hissedildiği için Merkez Bankası’nın kuruluşu hızlandırılmıştır. Nitekim bankanın kuruluşunun akabinde para konusunda kontrol mekanizması tamamıyla devletin eline geçmiştir. Bununla birlikte ekonomik yapının refah seviyesini arttırabilmek için Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkasının 3. kurultayında devletçilik/devlet kapitalizmi 6 oktan biri haline dönüşmüştür. Dolayısıyla bir yandan para politikaları Merkez Bankası eli ile denetim altına alınırken, bir yandan da devlet kapitalizmi ile ekonomik yapılanma tamamıyla dönüşüme uğramıştır. Fakat II. Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından şartların zorlamasıyla bu politikalar iktidar tarafından tam aksi yönde tekrardan dönüştürülmüştür.
1921 Türk-Fransız Anlaşması ve Anadolu’da Barış Beklentileri
Authors: BAŞARIR Mehtap
Published: April 2023

Sakarya’da elde edilen zaferin ardından Fransa ile Ankara Hükûmeti arasında 20 Ekim 1921’de imzalanan Ankara Anlaşması; Çukurova bölgesinin (Kilikya) tahliyesini sağlamış, Türkiye-Suriye sınırını çizmiş ve azınlık haklarını belirlemiştir. Siyaseten bu önemli gelişme “Şark Sulhu” adı altında Yakın Doğu’ya huzur ve istikrar sağlamak için İtilaf Devletlerini de bir araya getirmiştir. Ankara Anlaşması bir taraftan Anadolu’da Türk-Fransız mücadelesini sona erdirmiş bir taraftan da Türk-Yunan ilişkilerini yeni bir evreye itmiştir. Nitekim Sakarya mağlubiyetinin ardından Yunanistan Başbakanı Gounaris’in Londra ziyareti, İngiliz Dışişleri Bakanı Lord Curzon’u Şark Sulhu’nu sağlamak adına harekete geçirmiştir. Şark Sulhu’nun sağlamak amacıyla Lord Curzon, İngiliz Hükûmeti adına arabuluculuk adımını atarak diğer müttefiklerine bu konuda nota göndermiştir. Bu çalışmada, Şark Sulhu’na konu olan birçok mesele (İngiltere’nin İzmir’de alternatif bir hükûmet ile Boğazlar çevresinde tarafsız bir bölge kurma, Türklerin yerel bir jandarma teşkilatı oluşturması, Yunan kuvvetlerinin Küçük Asya’dan çekilmesi, Doğu Trakya sınırı, Ermeni meselesi, azınlık hakları vb.) İngiliz Kabine Belgeleri’nin yanı sıra Hâkimiyet-i Milliye gazetesi, TBMM Zabıtları ve tetkik eserler üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Sonuçta, İngiltere’nin barış söylemini sürekli gündemde tutarak bir taraftan mağlup Yunanlılara zaman kazandırmak diğer taraftan da Ankara Hükûmeti’ni barış propagandasıyla rehavete düşürmek amacıyla hareket ettiği ve buna karşın barıştan yana tavır alan Türk kamuoyunun ise barış söyleminde çok da fazla beklentiye girmediği anlaşılmaktadır.
Lise Öğrencilerinin Osmanlı Türkçesi Dersiyle İlgili Görüşleri
Authors: YILDIZ Mustafa , GÜLER GÜNEŞ Beyza
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışma, lise öğrencilerinin zihinlerinde Osmanlı Türkçesi ve dersiyle ilgili oluşmuş kanaat, ilgi ve görüşlerini belirleyip dersi alan ve almayan öğrenciler üzerinden bir karşılaştırma yaparak öğrencilerin dersle ilgili görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinde olgubilim ve durum çalışması desenleri kullanılmıştır. Veriler toplam 76 lise öğrencisinin katılımıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında veri toplama yöntemi olarak görüşme, verilerin çözümlenmesinde ise içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak ise açık uçlu araştırma sorularıyla hazırlanan yapılandırılmış görüşme formundan faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada lise öğrencilerinin Osmanlı Türkçesi ve dersiyle ilgili hazırladığımız sorulara verdikleri cevaplar kodlanarak temalara ayrılmış ve bu temalara göre frekans değerleri verilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler toplam 133 tema altında toplanmıştır. Belirlenen temalardan hareketle katılımcıların Osmanlı Türkçesi dersine dair görüş ve düşüncelerine yer verilmiştir. Çalışma grupları arasında yapılan karşılaştırmaya göre aksini belirten öğrenciler olsa da öğrenciler tarafından genel olarak en fazla değinilen durum, “Osmanlı Türkçesi öğrenerek geçmişi öğrenmek, geçmiş ve gelecek arasında bağ kurmak, geçmişten kalan eserleri okuyabilmek” şeklinde olmuştur.
Tarihte Nusayrîler Uğuz, Sacit (2019). Tarihte Nusayrîler. İstanbul: İdeal Kültür Yayıncılık, 1. Baskı. ISBN: 978-605-2101-55-1, 406 s.
Authors: ÇAPARLAR Ahmet
Published: April 2023

IX. asırda Muhammed b. Nusayr öncülüğünde Irak merkezli ortaya çıkan ve günümüze kadar varlığını sürdüren Nusayrîlik, bünyesinde farklı fraksiyonları içeren, dinî ve kültürel ritüellere dayan bir inanç biçimi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Irak’ta menşeli Nusayrîlik, zaman içinde önce Halep’e ve ardından Suriye’nin özellikle de Doğu Akdeniz’e kıyısı olan dağlık yerleşim alanlarına yayılması, bu bölgenin Cebel-i Nusayriye olarak adlandırılmasında etkili olmuştur.
Üç Hikâye (Geç Dönem Doğu Türkçesi) Yıldızlı, M. E. & Temel Alemdar, E. (2022). Üç Hikâye (Geç Dönem Doğu Türkçesi), İstanbul: Doğu Kütüphanesi, 1. Baskı, 252 s.
Authors: YILMAZ Burcu
Published: April 2023

Doğu (Çağatay) Türkçesi, 14. yüzyılın sonu ile 15. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Timürlü sülalesi devrinde, Semerkant ve Herat merkezlerinde klâsik bir edebî dil hâline gelen, Alî Şîr Nevâyi zamanında ise ortak yazı dili şeklinde kullanılmaya başlanan edebî dildir. Birçok bilim insanı Doğu (Çağatay) Türkçesini çeşitli tasnif ve tanımlarla sınırlamaya çalışmıştır. Bunlardan en dikkate değeri, Çağataycayı Karahanlı ve Harezm (Kıpçak-Oğuz) Türkçelerinden sonra, Orta Asya edebî Türkçesinin üçüncü dönemi olarak 14-20. yüzyıllar arasına yerleştiren A. N. Samoyloviç’in görüşü olmuştur. A. N. Samoyloviç'in görüşlerini daha da geliştiren J. Eckmann'a göre ise Çağatay Türkçesi, Türk dili tarihinin 15- 20. yüzyıllar arasını kapsayan edebî Türk yazı dilidir. Nevâyî ise Çağatay Türkçesini sadece Çağatay Han’ın hâkim olduğu coğrafyada konuşulan edebî dil olarak tanımlamıştır.
Design and Evaluation of Systemic Administration of Nano Silica MCM48:Eu3+ in Mouse Brain
Authors: Azevedo Leandro , Andrade-da-Costa Belmira , Augusto Ricielle , Luz Leonis , de Souza Ivone , Pinto Licarion , Alves Iane , Alves Júnior Severino
Published: April 2023

In the present study, we tested the proof of concept that mobil mesoporous silica nanoparticle composition of matter (MCM) No. 48 doped with trivalent europium (nanoMCM48:Eu3+) administered systemically intravenously can act as a suitable vehicle to deliver neural cells to the brain of healthy adult Swiss mice without causing tissue damage. Moreover, we also tested the ability of this nanoparticle to release molecules in vitro, using as drug models caffeine or nicotine in phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.4 adequate to intra and extra-celular medium of the brain. The caffeine and nicotine adsorbed nanoparticles (CAF@MCM48:Eu3+ and NIC@MCM48:Eu3+) were observed in the parenchyma of the cerebral cortex and diffusely dispersed in the cellular cytoplasm. Statistical analysis using multivariate partner recognition methods indicated that there was no sign of cell damage, as it was characterized by chromatin condensation, nuclear condensation, or fragmentation. The characterization of nanoMCM48:Eu3+ as particle size, luminescent properties and release of active components were analyzed. The CAF@MCM48:Eu3+ and NIC@MCM48:Eu3+ nanoparticles were observed in the cerebral cortex parenchyma and diffusely dispersed in the cell cytoplasm, and the release of active components was analyzed. Therefore, the studies showed that mesoporous silica nanoparticles administered systemically via intravenous tissue can act as a suitable vehicle for neural cells in the brain of healthy mice without causing damage.
Determinants of households' flood risk coping strategies in a high exposure system of the Manafwa catchment and Lake Kyoga Basin
Authors: Erima Godwin , Egeru Anthony , Gidudu Anthony , Bamutaze Yazidhi , Kabenge Isa , Asiimwe Robert
Published: April 2023

The impact of floods on households in Uganda is becoming increasingly severe. It is often assumed that people who reside in a riverine area have adapted to flood pulses. However, in most cases, household-level risk reduction strategies are inadequate for ensuring a livelihood resilient to floods. The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of households' decisions on coping strategies in the Manafwa catchment, Eastern Uganda. The study was based on a field survey of 210 households supplemented with focused group discussions (6) and key informant interviews (4) conducted in the Butaleja district in March 2019. The study used the protection motivation theory framework and applied the multivariate probit model. The most common short-term coping strategy was building temporary embankments (37%), whereas afforestation (44%) was the most common long-term solution deployed. The determinants that consistently and significantly influenced the choice of coping strategies adopted were: family size, number of adult males in the family, location of the house within the floodplain and time of residence in the affected area (P > 0.05). For policy purposes, this study recommends that the relevant stakeholder interventions should consider these determinants, in order to enhance the adaptive capacity of rural households to flooding.
Prague Water Net Zero Strategy 2025: methodology and roadmap
Authors: Srb Martin , Grešíková Markéta , Salová Nikola , Sýkora Petr , Štrupl Jiří , Xia Roman , Huml Ondřej , Prokop Pavel , Hájková Martina , Harasymchuk Ivanna , Kočí Vladimír , Beneš Ondřej
Published: April 2023

In 2019, Prague set out its Prague 2030 Climate Plan and Pražské vodovody a kanalizace, a.s., as the operator of drinking water supply and drainage facility in Prague and Pražská vodohospodářská společnost, a.s., responsible for infrastructure management (collectively known as Prague Water) are a natural part of the mitigation and adaptation activities. Both companies committed to reaching a net zero operational CO2 footprint in 2035. The carbon footprint of the company will be certified according to the ČSN ISO 14064-1 standard. The paper presents a roadmap of the early stage of the project, the calculation of the CO2 footprint and the ISO certification process together with planned mitigation activities. The main goal of the contribution is to share know-how about the application of carbon-wise management principles in a large utility company. This makes the paper useful for worldwide utilities at a similar stage of carbon footprint measurement and reduction.
Laparoscopic Removal of a Giant Gallstone in UAE: A Case Report
Authors: Alarnaout Sabah , Tabbal Mahmoud , Muhi Alwan Suha , Boddapati Ramakrishna , Iranpour Afshin
Published: April 2023

Background:

Diseases of the gallbladder (GB) are a common occurrence, and gallstones are the most common biliary pathology. Lately, the incidence of gallstone disease has been on the rise in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Case-Report:

We present a case report of a 52 years old female who presented with severe upper abdominal pain. The clinical examination and ultrasound imaging were consistent with the calculus of the gallbladder with acute cholecystitis without obstruction. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was performed to remove a gallstone of 6.8 cm in size. This was performed uneventfully.

Discussion:

The prevalence of gallstones ranges from 0.1% to 50.5 % worldwide. Gallstones more than 5 cm in diameter are not seen often. LC is quite challenging in such cases. This case report is being presented due to the limited availability of literature on the Laparoscopic removal of giant gallstones in the UAE.

Conclusion:

Our aim here is to convey that LC can be considered the first choice vis-a-vis open method even in giant gallstone cases in the presence of trained personnel and equipped settings. The epigastric port can be extended for extracting the gallbladder specimen. Open cholecystectomy is a safe method if clear delineation of anatomy is not possible.
A Review of Thyroid Dysfunction Due to COVID-19
Authors: Arefzadeh Alireza
Published: April 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects thyroid function. These changes are due to
the direct impact of the virus on thyroid cells via angiotensin-converting–enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors,
inflammatory reaction, apoptosis in thyroid follicular cells, suppression of hypothalamus-pituitarythyroid
axis, an increase in activity of adrenocortical axis, and excess cortisol release due to cytokine
storm of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Euthyroid sick syndrome
(ESS), thyroiditis, clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism, central hypothyroidism, exacerbation of
underlying autoimmune thyroid disease, and clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism can be associated
with coronavirus. Adjuvants in coronavirus vaccines induce autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome
known as vaccine adjuvants (ASIA) syndrome. Thyroiditis and Graves’ disease have been reported to
be associated with ASIA syndrome after some coronavirus vaccinations. Some coronavirus medications,
such as hydroxychloroquine, monoclonal antibodies, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, naproxen,
anticoagulants, and glucocorticoids can also affect thyroid tests, and correct diagnosis of thyroid disorders
will be more difficult. Changes in thyroid tests may be one of the most important manifestations
of COVID-19. These changes can be confusing for clinicians and can lead to inappropriate diagnoses
and decisions. Prospective studies should be conducted in the future to increase epidemiological
and clinical data and optimize the management of thyroid dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19.
Melatonin and its Emerging Physiological Role in Reproduction:
A Review and Update
Authors: Shao Ruifeng , Wang Ying , He Chihua , Chen Ligang
Published: April 2023

Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone secreted by the pineal gland. The
secretion of melatonin follows a circadian rhythm controlled by the suprachiasmatic
nucleus, and its secretion is synchronized with the changes in light and dark periods in
nature, with the highest secretion level at night. Melatonin is a critical hormone that
coordinates external light stimulation and cellular responses of the body. It transmits
information about the environmental light cycle, including the circadian and seasonal
rhythms, to the relevant tissues and organs in the body, which, along with changes in its
secretion level, ensures that its regulated functional activities are adapted in response to
changes in the outside environment. Melatonin takes beneficial actions mainly through
the interaction with specific membrane-bound receptors, termed MT1 and MT2.
Melatonin also acts as a scavenger of free radicals via non-receptor-mediated
mechanism. For more than half of acentury melatonin has been associated with
vertebrate reproduction, especially in the context of seasonal breeding. Though modern
humans show little remaining reproductive seasonality, the relationships between
melatonin and human reproduction continue to attract extensive attention. Melatonin
plays important roles in improving mitochondrial function, reducing the damage of free
radicals, inducing oocyte maturation, increasing fertilization rate and promoting
embryonic development, which improves the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and
embryo transfer. The present article reviews the progress that has been made in our
evolving understanding of the physiological role of melatonin in reproduction and its
potential clinical applications in reproductive medicine.
Emerging Treatment Approaches for COVID-19 Infection: A Critical
Review
Authors: Bharadwaj Alok , Kaur Rasanpreet , Gupta Saurabh
Published: April 2023

In the present scenario, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has imposed enormous
damage on human survival and the global financial system. It has been estimated that
around 111 million people all around the world have been infected, and about 2.47
million people died due to this pandemic. The major symptoms were sneezing,
coughing, cold, difficulty breathing, pneumonia, and multi-organ failure associated 1with
SARS-CoV-2. Currently, two key problems, namely insufficient attempts to develop
drugs against SARSCoV-2 and the lack of any biological regulating process, are mostly
responsible for the havoc caused by this virus. Henceforth, developing a few novel drugs
is urgently required to cure this pandemic. It has been noticed that the pathogenesis of
COVID-19 is caused by two main events: infection and immune deficiency, that occur
during the pathological process. Antiviral medication can treat both the virus and the
host cells. Therefore, in the present review, the major approaches for the treatment have
been divided into "target virus" and "target host" groups. These two mechanisms
primarily rely on drug repositioning, novel approaches, and possible targets. Initially, we
discussed the traditional drugs per the physicians' recommendations. Moreover, such
therapeutics have no potential to fight against COVID-19. After that, detailed investigation
and analysis were conducted to find some novel vaccines and monoclonal
antibodies and conduct a few clinical trials to check their effectiveness against SARSCoV-
2 and mutant strains. Additionally, this study presents the most successful methods
for its treatment, including combinatorial therapy. Nanotechnology was studied to build
efficient nanocarriers to overcome the traditional constraints of antiviral and biological
therapies.
The Sojourn of Polymeric Micelles for Effective Brain Drug Delivery
System
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot , Rajput Ankita , Singh Dilpreet , Singh Gurdeep , Mehra Anshula , Kaur Sarabjit , Bedi Neena , Arora Saroj
Published: April 2023

The brain is a delicate organ and targeting neurological diseases with conventional approaches
is still a daunting task. This is due to the presence of necessary physiological barriers, mainly the
blood-brain barrier, that blocks the entry of dangerous and poisonous substances from the bloodstream,
thus helping in maintaining homeostasis. Furthermore, the presence of multidrug resistance transporters
which act by prohibiting the entry of drugs across the cell membrane and by channelizing them to the
outside environment is another defense mechanism. Despite the advancements in the understanding of
disease pathology, only a restricted number of drugs and drug therapies can treat and target neurological
diseases. To overcome this shortcoming, the therapeutic approach using amphiphilic block copolymers -
using polymeric micelles has gained momentum because of its wide applications like drug targeting,
delivery, and imaging. Polymeric micelles are nanocarriers that arise when amphiphilic block copolymers
spontaneously assemble in aqueous solutions. The hydrophobic core–hydrophilic shell configuration
of these nanoparticles makes it easier to load hydrophobic drugs into the core and as a result, the
solubility of these medications is improved. Micelle-based drug delivery carriers can target the brain
with reticuloendothelial system uptake and produce a long-circulating effect. PMs can also be combined
with targeting ligands that increase their uptake by specific cells and thus decreasing off-target effects.
In the present review, we primarily focused on polymeric micelles for brain delivery along with the
method of preparation, mechanism of micelle formulation, and the ongoing formulations under clinical
trials for brain delivery.
Reaction Optimization of Strontium Perchlorate Catalyzed Novel Protocol
for Stereoselective Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones
Authors: Chauhan Divya , Chopra Harish Kumar , Nayak Surendra Kumar
Published: April 2023

Background:

Hydrated strontium perchlorate [Sr(ClO4)2.3H2O] acts as a very strong oxidizing and dehydrating agent. Until now, it could not be reported as a catalyst in dehydration mechanism-based organic synthetic reactions. Therefore, it is important to find whether it could be an effective catalyst for one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs).

Objective:

The main objective of the present work is the development of a novel process for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrimidinones through the one-pot multicomponent strategy using hydrat-ed Sr(ClO4)2 as a catalyst. Furthermore, it includes process optimization, stereoselectivity, and spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized compounds.

Methods:

Conventional and microwave-supported synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrimidinones using 20 mol % of hydrated Sr(ClO4)2 catalyst via the one-pot solvent-free reaction was discovered as a new catalytic MCR methodology. The box-Behnken design approach and advanced analytical techniques were used for process optimization and reaction analysis.

Results:

The results confirmed that hydrated Sr(ClO4)2 works as an efficient catalyst for one-pot multicomponent organic synthesis under both conventional and microwave heating. It is an effec-tive catalyst for laboratory synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrimidinones stereoselectively with moderate to excellent yield without any undesirable effect. Microwave heating provided the desired product within 1-4 minutes. Moreover, this method provides easy isolation of the pure products simply by recrystallization, and without the use of a chromatographic purification method.

Conclusion:

The simplicity and neutrality of reaction conditions, easy post-reaction workup, higher satisfactory to excellent yield, effectiveness, the diversity of substrates, etc. render the hy-drated Sr(ClO4)2 catalyst-based protocol for the stereoselective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrimidinones as a highly efficient method. Furthermore, it has been found to be safe un-der laboratory reaction conditions and no undesirable issues have been faced during the process
Microsponges: A Neoteric Approach for the Effective Management of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sen Shiwani , Sharma Anjali , Kriplani Priyanka , Guarve Kumar
Published: April 2023

Background:

A microsponge delivery system (MDS) is a cutting-edge and distinctive method of structured medication delivery. Regulated drug distribution is now possible with the use of microsponge technology. Techniques for drug release are created specifically to distribute medi-cations to the body's various locations. As a result, pharmacological therapy becomes more effec-tive, and patient compliance significantly affects the health care system.

Main Body:

MDS consists of porous microspheres with a substantially porous structure and a very small spherical shape, ranging in size from 5 to 300 microns. MDS is typically used to administer medications through topical channels, but new research has demonstrated the promise of this tech-nique for parenteral, oral, and ocular drug delivery. Topical formulations are an attempt to manage diseases like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, etc. While reducing the drug's side ef-fects, MDS can readily change the pharmaceutical release shape and enhance formulation stability. Reaching the highest peak plasma concentration in the blood is the main goal of microsponge medi-cation delivery. The ability of MDS to self-sterilize is by far the most notable quality.

Conclusion:

In countless studies, MDS is employed as an anti-allergic, anti-mutagenic, and non-irritant. This review covers the overview of microsponges along with their release mechanism. The article focuses on the marketed formulation of microsponges and patent data of the same. This re-view will be helpful for researchers working in MDS technology.
Diagnostic Performance of Deep Learning in Screened Mammogram:
Systematic Review
Authors: Omega Boro Lal , Nandi Gypsy
Published: April 2023

Background:

The usage of artificial intelligence in medical image analysis has significantly surpassed that of earlier related technologies. This paper aimed to
investigate the diagnostic accuracy of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based-deep learning models for breast cancer detection.

Methods:

We used the PICO (Patient/Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) scheme to formulate the research question and construct our
search terms. Studies were systematically examined from the available literature using the constructed search terms from PubMed, and
ScienceDirect according to the PRISMA guidelines. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 checklist. The
characteristics of each included study such as the study design, population, index test, and reference standard, were extracted. The sensitivity,
specificity, and AUC for each study were also reported.

Results:

In this systematic review, 14 studies were analyzed. Eight studies showed that AI was more accurate than radiologists in evaluating mammographic
images, while one comprehensive study found AI to be less precise. Studies that reported sensitivity and specificity without radiologist intervention
showed performance scores ranging from 16.0% to 89.71%. With radiologist intervention, sensitivity was between 62% to 86%. Only three studies
reported a specificity of 73.5% to 79%. The AUC of the studies was between 0.79 and 0.95. Thirteen studies were retrospective, and one was
prospective.

Conclusion:

There's inadequate evidence on the effectiveness of AI-based deep learning for breast cancer screening in clinical settings. More research is
needed, including studies evaluating accuracy, RCTs, and large-scale cohort studies. This systematic review found that AI-based deep learning
improves radiologists' accuracy, especially for novice radiologists. Younger, tech-savvy clinicians may be more accepting of AI. Although it can't
replace radiologists, the encouraging results suggest it will play a significant role in identifying breast cancer in the future.
Tit Structure-activity Relationship Study and Design of Novel 1, 8-
Naphthimide Derivatives as Potential DNA-targeting Chemotherapeutic
Agents for Osteosarcoma
Authors: Lian Zheng , Si Hongzong , Xia Huanling , Zhai Honglin
Published: April 2023

Background:

1, 8-naphthimide is a novel tumor inhibitor targeting nuclear DNA, which makes it applicable to the design and development of anti-osteosarcoma drugs.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to establish a satisfactory model based on 1, 8-naphthimide derivatives that makes reliable prediction as DNA-targeted chemotherapy agents for osteosarcoma.

Methods:

All compounds are constructed using ChemDraw software and subsequently optimized using Sybyl software. COMSIA method is used to construct QSAR model with the optimized compound in Sybyl software package. A series of new 1, 8-naphthalimide derivatives are designed and their IC50 values are predicted using the QSAR model. Finally, the newly designed compounds are screened according to IC50 values, and molecular docking experiments are conducted on the top ten compounds of IC50.

Results:

The COMSIA model shows that q2 is 0.529 and the optimum number of components is 6. The model has a high r2 value of 0.993 and a low SEE of 0.033, with the F value and the r2 predicted to be 495.841 and 0.996 respectively. The statistical results and verification results of the model are satisfactory. In addition, analyzing the contour maps is conducive to finding the structural requirements.

Conclusion:

The results of this study can provide guidance for medical chemists and other related workers to develop targeted chemotherapy drugs for osteosarcoma
Nanotechnology-based Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singhai Manu , Das Gupta Ghanshyam , Khurana Bharat , Arora Daisy , Ashique Sumel , Mishra Neeraj
Published: April 2023

Background:

Cancer is a global public health issue; in the United States, it is the second
leading cause of death. Furthermore, cancer, which consists of distinct subtypes of cancer cells and
variable components, may cause a continuum of carcinogenesis. It can be categorized according to
the part where it begins in the body, such as breast cancer or cervix cancer. Cervical cancer attacks
cervix cells, most commonly in the transition area, when the endocervix's glandular cells transform
into the exocervix's squamous cells. Cervical cancer is treated in several methods depending on the
degree and size of the tumour and frequently entails surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

Methods:

It is vital to have an effective drug delivery system that may increase the treatment effectiveness
to overcome the limits of traditional therapy and achieve higher cancer therapeutic efficacy
that is successful in treating cervical cancer.
Additionally, these therapies are safer than traditional therapy. Although many nanocarriers have
been created, only a few numbers have received clinical approval to deliver anticancer medications
to the targeted areas where their predicted activity is to be seen.

Conclusion:

Along with the patents released, various research reports illustrating the value of
nanocarriers are addressed in this review. Some recent publications, clinical evidence, and patent
records on nanocarrier architectures have been given, strengthening the understanding of tumor
management.
A Synergistic Combination of Oleanolic Acid and Apatinib to Enhance Antitumor
Effect on Liver Cancer Cells and Protect against Hepatic Injury
Authors: Ren Juan , Yan Jun , Raza Faisal , Zafar Hajra , Wan Haopeng , Chen Xue , Cui Qingrong , Li Haiyang , Wang Xiangqi
Published: April 2023

Background:

As a pentacyclic triterpenoid, OA (oleanolic acid) has exhibited antiinflammatory,
immunomodulatory and antitumor effects. VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial cells
receptor-2) tyrosine kinase activity could be inhibited by apatinib, a small-molecule antiangiogenic
agent.

Objective:

Thus, this study sought to investigate the mechanism underlying the synergistic antitumor
activity of combined OA and apatinib patent.

Methods:

Through CCK8 (Cell counting kit 8 assay), flow cytometric and western blotting techniques,
we conducted in vitro studies on apatinib and OA effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis
in H22 cell line. H22 tumor-burdened mice model was established in vivo, while the related
signaling pathways were studied via pathological examination, western blotting and qPCR (quantitative
polymerase chain reaction).

Results:

Growth of H22 cells in vitro and in vivo could be inhibited effectively by apatinib and
OA. Thus, OA repaired liver function and inhibited oxidative stress induced by apatinib.

Conclusion:

OA can treat apatinib induced liver injury in H22 Tumor-burdened mice by enhancing
the suppresssive effect of apatinib on the growth of tumor.
Study of the Reliability for the Leakage Mitigation Methods using FinFETs
Authors: Kajal  , Sharma Vijay Kumar
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

In the very large-scale integration (VLSI) industry, scaling plays an
important role in providing compact size and high-speed digital circuits. The major drawbacks
faced by logic circuits are power dissipation and process, voltage, and temperature (PVT)
variations. In the VLSI industry, the prediction of variability tolerance capability is mandatory
to know the future performance of the circuits. The impact of PVT variation is large in
nanoscale logic circuits and it has the power to alter the output characteristics of any logic
circuit. The reasons that cause PVT variations are manufacturing defects, environmental
conditions, and mishandling issues.

Aims and Objective:

This paper aims to discuss the process variations and briefly describe the
previous work related to variability and various factors involved in PVT simulations. It also
provides the idea of Monte-Carlo simulation in the Cadence Virtuoso tool.

Methods:

In this paper, the impact of PVT variations on different fin-shaped field effect
transistor (FinFET) circuits was evaluated using the Cadence Virtuoso tool. Monte-Carlo
simulation was performed on various leakage reduction techniques for the domino logic with the
help of a multi-gate predictive technology model (PTM) FinFET at a 16nm technology node.

Results:

The footer-less domino logic (FLDL) circuit is designed and simulated using different
leakage reduction techniques for reliability analysis.

Conclusion:

Cascaded leakage control transistor (CLCT) approach shows 81.75%, 67.83%, and
51.25% less statistical mean value for power dissipation as compared to conventional, on-off
logic (ONOFIC), and alternative ONOFIC approaches in the case of FLDL OR2 logic circuit,
respectively.
Implicaciones de la empatía en funciones ejecutivas de estudiantes con problemáticas de convivencia escolar
Authors: Ospina Ospina Alexander Alonso , Martínez Morales Danicza
Published: April 2023

Introduction: executive functions are the set of cognitive skills necessary to control and self-regulate behavior, and empathy is the ability to emotionally understand what others feel. Both variables interact with each other to regulate aggressive behaviors, thus low levels of empathy and poor performance in executive functions have been associated with different difficulties in school coexistence, including bullying. Objective: this study examined the role of empathy and executive functions in a population of students between 12-17 years old, belonging to a private educational institution in the municipality of Bello, Antioquia. Methodology: the research was descriptive and cross-sectional in scope. Questionnaires on school coexistence, prosocial behavior, and instruments to assess executive functions such as the TMT part B, the Stroop and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were applied. Results: it was evidenced that there is an association between low empathy and deficiencies in the performance of executive functions, and a relationship between adequate levels of empathy and good performance in executive functions, in the sample of students evaluated. Conclusions: a high level of empathy in prosocial students is related to better executive processing in selective attention, conflict resolution, and inhibitory control.
Review of Amy Matthewson, Cartooning China: Punch, Power, & Politics in the Victorian Era (2022)
Authors: Vandepitte Sofie
Published: April 2023

Review of Amy Matthewson, Cartooning China: Punch, Power, & Politics in the Victorian Era (2022)
Dakwah era disrupsi: Mengurai ambivalensi menuju dakwah partisipatoris
Authors: Dermawan Andy
Published: April 2023

Setiap manusia muslim adalah “marketing” Tuhan. Menyampaikan nilai Islam di era disrupsi bukanlah perkara mudah, selain dibutuhkan kemampuan beradaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman yang sedang terjadi juga dibutuhkan kesatuan visi dan misi atau kata dan tindakan yang integratif agar maksud dan tujuan dakwah tersampaikan dengan baik.  Nilai-nilai mulia itu mesti terintegrasi dengan nilai-nilai sosial di masyarakat agar mereka memahami bahwa nilai Islam “sejalan” dengan nilai kemanusiaan. Hadirnya agama merupakan solusi yang dinantikan oleh zaman di dalam membantu pemecahan masalah yang berarti. Penafsiran ulang narasi agama menjadi niscaya agar maksud yang terkandung dari misi agama tersampaikan. Masalah muncul manakala ada ambivalensi di antara keduanya. Narasi agama dan maksudnya seolah semacam “jauh panggang dari api”.  Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menemukan ambivalensi dakwah sehingga potret dakwah ke depan lebih partisipatoris. Melalui pendekatan hermeneutis-historis-fenomenologis, yakni mengurai problematika dakwah secara tektual-kontekstual berdasarkan dinamika yang terjadi, maka diharapkan terurainya ambivalensi itu dapat membantu diformulasikannya model dakwah partisipatoris yang humanistik. Adapun implikasi  dari kajian  ini adalah membangun tatanan suatu masyarakat di dalam memahami narasi agama yang kontekstual dan memiliki kesadaran beragama yang humanis. Every Muslim human being is God's "marketing". Conveying Islamic values in an era of disruption is a challenging matter, apart from requiring the ability to adapt to the current developments, it also requires a unified vision and mission, or integrative words and actions, so that the aims and objectives of da'wah are conveyed properly. These noble values must be integrated with social values in society so that people understand that Islamic values are "in line" with human values. The presence of religion is a solution that has been long awaited in helping to solve significant problems. Reinterpretation of religious narratives is necessary so that the intentions contained in the religious mission are conveyed. Problems arise when there is ambivalence between the two. Religious narratives and their intentions seem to fall short of their purpose. This paper aimed to find the ambivalence of da'wah so that the future portrait of da'wah is more participatory. Through a hermeneutical-historical-phenomenological approach, namely analyzing the problems of da'wah textually-contextually based on the existing dynamics, it is hoped that dissolving this ambivalence can help formulate a humanistic participatory da'wah model. The implications of this study are to build the order of a society by understanding contextual religious narratives and having a humanist religious awareness.
Career reorientation during the Covid-19 pandemic: Evidence from fresh graduates of Indonesian colleges
Authors: Sa’adah Nurus , Fitria Vita , Widiastuti Rr Siti Kurnia
Published: April 2023

This research aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the career reorientation of fresh graduates at Indonesian universities. This study is necessary to determine the changes in attitudes and perceptions of recent graduates as they seek employment, as measured by indicators of psychological quality, gender, and spiritual level. Three Focus Group Discussion meetings were held to achieve the best results, and questionnaires were distributed to 85 resource people. Furthermore, an interpretive analysis model was used to describe the differences in job attainment experienced by respondents before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the study's findings, several changes occurred in the career orientation of fresh graduates from various universities in Indonesia before, during, and after COVID-19. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, fresh graduates had a strong career orientation, as evidenced by their high absorption of job opportunities. Unlike the results of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on new graduates' careers is significant, affecting mental and physical health as well as social interactions.Keywords: Career reorientation; Fresh Graduates; Higher Education; Human Resources; COVID-19