bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oncocytic Variant of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Rare Case of Sporadic Multifocal and Bilateral RET Wild-Type Neoplasm with Revision of the Literature
Authors: Vinciguerra Gian Luca Rampioni , Noccioli Niccolò , Cippitelli Claudia , Minucci Angelo , Capoluongo Ettore , Bartolazzi Armando
Published: December 2016

Oncocytic variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma (OV-MTC) is a very unusual entity, up to date only 17 cases have been reported in the literature. MTC is a neuro-endocrine malignancy arising from the para-follicular C cells of the thyroid gland. It generally has a slight female predominance and appears as a single lesion. However in the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome 2, linked to the point mutation of RET oncogene, multifocal MTCs may also occur. Herein, we report the case of a 75 years old man with a rare form of sporadic multifocal and bilateral OV-MTC expressing wild-type RET gene. The histological and molecular features of this rare entity are presented and discussed with revision of the pertinent literature.
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Whitaker Dale Alan , Miller Daniel H. , Jagadesh Niveditha , Strong Gerald W. , Hintenlang Lauren , Schenk William B. , Broderick Gregory A. , Tzou Katherine S. , Buskirk Steven J.
Published: December 2016

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy of men in the United States. Small-cell carcinoma (SCC), which typically presents as an aggressive lung malignancy, is a rare diagnosis within the setting of prostate cancer pathology. Due to its limited prevalence, little information regarding the treatment and prognosis of this disease in large populations is available. To date our current knowledge base is largely limited to case reports and retrospective case reviews. The mainstay of treatment for this particular histology most often involves a multimodality approach utilizing chemotherapy in conjunction with radiation therapy, androgen deprivation therapy, or prostatectomy. Here we present the case of an elderly 89-year-old Caucasian male who was diagnosed with SCC of the prostate. Despite proceeding with a course of definitive radiotherapy, the patient experienced rapid progression of disease and ultimately elected to discontinue radiation therapy and receive hospice care.
Cardiac troponin I: A potent biomarker for myocardial damage assessment following high voltage electric burn
Authors: Bose Arindam , Chhabra Chandra B. , Chamania Shobha , Hemvani Nanda , Chitnis Dhananjay S.
Published: December 2016

Myocardial infarction (MI) following high voltage electric burn is very rare, and its pathogenesis remains controversial. Electrical burns represent only 4% of all burns. Hence, clinical managements have taken a slow pace in developing. The recent guidelines laid down by the cardiology societies include cardiac troponin I (cTnI) as the gold standard marker for the assessment of myocardial damage assessment. Two patients were admitted to our hospital at the different time with the same kind of high voltage electric burn. Both patients had complained with chest discomfort during admission, and cardiac parameter assessment was done for both the patients. cTnI was also measured for both patients, and marked increase in the values was seen within 5 h of onset of myocardial damage and got into normal range within 72 h. Myocardial damage following electric burn needs to be suspected and assessed as early as possible. Hence, cTnI should be the valuable tool to detect the severity of myocardial damage incurred in the electric burn cases.
A 20-year experience in unilateral cleft lip repair: From Millard to the triple unilimb Z-plasty technique
Authors: Rossell-Perry Percy
Published: December 2016

Background: This study describes a 20-year experience of treating patients with unilateral cleft lip. During this time, various techniques were used including Millard's technique and its modification and two types of geometrically designed procedures. The study objective was to compare surgical outcomes of different surgical techniques for unilateral cleft lip repair. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective audit of outcomes after unilateral cleft lip repair performed by a single surgeon since 1995. Of the 827 patients who underwent surgery, 277 met the criterion of having anthropometric measurements performed ≥1 year postoperatively. The patients were stratified into three groups according to cleft severity: incomplete, complete with less deficiency (3–6 mm difference between cleft and non-cleft lip height) and complete with more deficiency (>6 mm difference between cleft and non-cleft lip height). Anthropometric measurements, scar assessment and complications were recorded. Results: There were no differences in outcomes between Millard and Reichert-Millard techniques for incomplete unilateral cleft lip. For complete unilateral cleft lip and less tissue deficiency, lip symmetry was better using upper rotation advancement plus double unilimb Z-plasty than the Reichert-Millard technique. For complete unilateral cleft lip and more tissue deficiency, lip symmetry was better after triple unilimb Z-plasty than after upper rotation advancement plus double unilimb Z-plasty. Conclusions: We presented a 20-year experience performing unilateral cleft lip repair. An individualised classification system with corresponding surgical techniques was successfully used during this period. The individualised surgical protocol used in this study allowed us to achieve improved surgical outcomes.
Innovative modified hair follicle harvesting technique with reverse rake scalp elevator for lower occipital donor area in follicular unit extraction hair transplantation
Authors: Gharwade Chandrakant Rambhau
Published: December 2016

Follicular unit extraction (FUE) is one of the widely practiced minimally invasive follicular harvesting techniques employed during hair transplantation. FUE technique has an advantage of utilising lower occipital area and supra-auricular region as a safe donor area described by Unger, in addition to the standard occipital donor area used in strip method (follicular unit transplant). Despite its potential advantages such as rapid recovery, minimal scarring and reduced post-operative pain; its widespread acceptance is limited due to various factors in variable contribution like steeper learning curve and potentially higher follicular transection rates (FTRs). The main practical drawbacks in harvesting FUE from lower occipital donor region that lie inferior to the standard donor area, is its acute angle (10°–15°) of emergent hair from scalp skin, higher variance angle (15°–35°) between hairs below the skin and hair exit angle above the skin and comparatively loose scalp, preventing to provide stable platform for punching. Hair transplant surgeon faces difficulty in aligning and engaging the FUE punch leading to very high hair follicle transection rate, and therefore, it is not a preferred site for harvesting follicles in FUE. Authors description of modified technique using reverse rake scalp elevator helps in negating the acute angle of the hair follicles exit from scalp skin and reducing the variance angle between emergent hair and hair below the skin in lower occipital region thereby reducing FTR. Furthermore, an added advantage of reducing the overall operative time and surgeon fatigue, improve donor area healing, availability of a comparatively larger donor area which increases the confidence of the beginners. This method will be of help as it is easy to duplicate and follow by novice hair transplant surgeons and also for those who are routinely doing mega hair transplants sessions.
Siliconomas of the lower limb: Tumour-like excision and reconstruction
Authors: Agostini Tommaso , Perello Raffaella
Published: December 2016

Background: Silicone oil injection can cause several complications including pain, cellulitis, abscesses, skin compromise, migration, embolism and multiorgan failure. Oil-infested tissue excision remains the solely treatment to prevent such complications. Objectives: The authors evaluate tumor-like excision of the oil-infested tissue as a treatment for patients experiencing silicone injections in the lower limbs, to both preserve aesthetic appearance and solve further risk of complication from silicone. Methods: Between January 2004 and January 2011 a total of 12 consecutive, nonrandomized female patients underwent surgical management of siliconoma of the lower limb. The mean age was 41-years, range from 22 to 61 years and all patients didn’t referred comorbidities. Eight siliconomas were located on the leg and 4 were on the thigh. The mean area of siliconoma was 35 cm2, range from 25 to 60 cm2. Each patient was evaluated by ultrasonography and EchocolorDoppler of the soft tissue and in order to achieve a “staging” of siliconoma. Results: Healing was uneventful in all cases. Three patients (25%) suffering hypertrophic scarring underwent further injection of corticosteroids to improve hypertrophic scars quality. Two patients (16.6%) required a further session of structural fat grafting to improve thigh’s profile. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results and indispositions requiring medical therapy disappeared. Conclusions: Tumor-like excision and immediate reconstruction appears to be a safe and consistent surgical option that preserves aesthetic appearance for patients victims of illegal oil silicone injection of the lower limbs.
Assessment of hand function after successful replantation of upper limb at arm
Authors: Rayidi V. Koteswara Rao , Velde Venkata Bhargava , Rao Narsimha , Babu N Ram , Sambari Laxman
Published: December 2016

In upper arm replantation, a successful anastomosis guarantees the viability and good quality repair determines the overall function of the hand.There is paucity of successful arm replantation case reports in the literature. This is a case report of a successful arm replantation in a four year child with a near total functional outcome. We have used different scores to assess the functional outcome.
Healing ulcers and preventing their recurrences in the diabetic foot
Authors: Sabapathy S. Raja , Periasamy Madhu
Published: December 2016

Fifteen percent of people with diabetes develop an ulcer in the course of their lifetime. Eighty-five percent of the major amputations in diabetes mellitus are preceded by an ulcer. Management of ulcers and preventing their recurrence is important for the quality of life of the individual and reducing the cost of care of treatment. The main causative factors of ulceration are neuropathy, vasculopathy and limited joint mobility. Altered bio-mechanics due to the deformities secondary to neuropathy and limited joint mobility leads to focal points of increased pressure, which compromises circulation leading to ulcers. Ulcer management must not only address the healing of ulcers but also should correct the altered bio-mechanics to reduce the focal pressure points and prevent recurrence. An analysis of 700 patients presenting with foot problems to the Diabetic Clinic of Ganga Hospital led to the stratification of these patients into four classes of incremental severity. Class 1 – the foot at risk, Class 2 – superficial ulcers without infection, Class 3 – the crippled foot and Class 4 – the critical foot. Almost 77.5% presented in either Class 3 or 4 with complicated foot ulcers requiring major reconstruction or amputation. Class 1 foot can be managed conservatively with foot care and appropriate foot wear. Class 2 in addition to measures for ulcer healing would need surgery to correct the altered bio-mechanics to prevent the recurrence. The procedures called surgical offloading would depend on the site of the ulcer and would need an in-depth clinical study of the foot. Class 3 would need major reconstructive procedures and Class 4 would need amputation since it may be life-threatening. As clinicians, our main efforts must be focused towards identifying patients in Class 1 and offer advice on foot care and Class 2 where appropriate surgical offloading procedure would help preserve the foot.
Limb salvage with microvascular free fibula following primary bone sarcoma resection
Authors: Parag Sahasrabudhe , Yogesh Panchwagh , Rathod Jesal , Nikhil Panse , Amit Jadhav
Published: December 2016

Background: Extremity sarcomas are challenging to manage. Total eradication of tumour has to be balanced with restoration of limb function to prevent mortality and morbidity. Disease-free survival with maximum limb function is the ultimate goal in these patients. Materials and Methods: We present a series of ten cases of extremity malignancies, where limb salvage was attempted with microvascular free fibula for limb reconstruction from the period of 2008 to 2015. Results: Of the ten cases in the study, there were two females and eight males. There were nine patients with lower limb malignancies and one patient with upper limb malignancy. There were four patients with Ewing’s sarcoma of femur, five patients with osteosarcoma of femur and one patient with chondrosarcoma of the humerus. The follow-up period ranged from 1.2 to 6.2 years with mean follow-up of 3.1 years. There were two deaths during follow-up, both were due to distant metastasis. The assessment of the function was done on the basis of Musculoskeletal Tumour Society functional score. Maximum score was 30 and minimum score was 24, the average score being 26. Of the eight surviving patients, three patients had full weightbearing, four patients had partial weightbearing at end of 2 years and one patient of upper limb reconstruction had complete upper limb function. None of the patients had to undergo limb amputation. Conclusion: Limb salvage with vascularised fibula graft offers good functional outcome along with good disease-free survival rates.
Gracilis muscle transposition as a workhorse flap for anal incontinence: Quality of life and functional outcome in adults
Authors: Kalra Guru Dayal Singh , Sharma Amit Kumar , Shende Kaustubh Sharad
Published: December 2016

Background/Purpose: Anal incontinence is one of the most psychologically and socially debilitating conditions in an otherwise healthy individual. It can lead to social isolation, loss of self-esteem, self-confidence and depression. This study is devoted to the problem of anal incontinence in the adult patients. The aim of our study is to analyse the results of gracilis muscle transposition for anal incontinence and improvement in quality of life (QOL) of patients. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study. A total of 18 patients with complaint of anal incontinence were enrolled in this study. All patients were treated with gracilis muscle transposition. Results: All patients are continent, and there is an improvement in their QOL. Conclusion: Gracilis muscle transposition is a good option for patients of anal incontinence who are not treated by non-surgical means.
Pre-maxillary complex morphology in bilateral cleft and hypothesis on laterality of deviated pre-maxilla
Authors: Murthy Jyotsna , Manisha Devi
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Pre-maxillary complex (pre-maxilla [PMX] + vomer) morphology in bilateral complete cleft of primary and secondary palate (BCLCP) is very complex and less reviewed in literature. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 200 consecutive BCLCP patients were selected. Their pre-operative clinical photographs and dental casts were evaluated by a single investigator at two different points of time, to study the morphology of PMX and vomer with special emphasis on deviation of vomer and rotation of PMX. Results: It is found that in above 70% of patients, PMX and vomer both displaced or deviated towards left side in horizontal plane and PMX rotated anticlockwise at PMX vomerine suture (PVS). In 10% of cases, both PMX and vomer are displaced towards the right side, PMX rotated clockwise at PVS. In 11% of cases, vomer is displaced towards the left side, but PMX rotated clockwise at PVS. In 5% of cases, vomer is displaced towards the right side, but PMX rotated anticlockwise at PVS. Both PMX and vomer are in midline in 4% of cases. Conclusion: Specific morphological deviation of vomer and PMX has been studied. We put forward the probable hypothesis to explain the deviation and rotation of PMX.
Construction of Calibration Curve for Premature Chromosome Condensation Assay for Dose Assessment
Authors: Neronova Elizaveta G.
Published: December 2016

Cytogenetic dosimetry plays an important role in the triage and medical management of affected people in radiological incidents/accidents. Cytogenetic biodosimetry uses different methods to estimate the absorbed dose in the exposed individuals, and each approach has its advantages and disadvantages. Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) assay presents several advantages that hopefully fulfill the gaps identified in the other cytogenetic methods. To introduce this technique into the panel of other cytogenetic methods, a calibration curve for PCC after γ-irradiation was generated for our laboratory.
Strong Correlation among Three Biodosimetry Techniques Following Exposures to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Kang Chang-Mo , Yun Hyun Jin , Kim Hanna , Kim Cha Soon
Published: December 2016

Three in vitro dose calibration curves for biodosimetry such as dicentric chromosome assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay for translocation, and micronuclei (MNs) in binucleated cell assay were established after exposure to ionizing radiation. Peripheral blood lymphocyte samples obtained from healthy donors were irradiated with 60Co source at a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min to doses of 0.1–6 Gy. The results from three in vitro dose calibration curves for biodosimetry were analyzed to understand the relationship among biodosimetry assay techniques. Our comparison demonstrates that there is a very strong positive correlation among the dicentric assay, FISH, and MNs analysis, and these three biodosimetry assays strongly support the in vitro dose reconstruction and the emergency preparedness of public or occupational radiation overexposure.
Calibration Curve for Dicentric Chromosomes Induced in Human Blood Lymphocytes Exposed to Gamma Rays at a Dose Rate of 12.5 mGy/s
Authors: Que Tran , Duy Pham Ngoc , Luyen Bui Thi Kim
Published: December 2016

To develop a calibration curve for induction of dicentric chromosomes by radiation, we have used a 60Co gamma-ray source with dose rate of 12.5 mGy/s. Whole blood from 15 healthy donors was collected. Whole blood from each donor was divided equally into 8 parts for exposing to supposedly physical doses 0, 0.30, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 3.00 and 4.00 Gy for a independent calibration curve. Whole blood from 15 donors was used to calibrate dose – effect and statistical for general calibration curve. Using Poisson test (U-test) for the distribution of dicentric chromosomes in the metaphases to determine the uniformity of the radiation field. The average from 15 independent calibration curves of linear correlated coefficient was determined to be r (y, d) = 0.5136 ± 0.0038. The model equation derived is y = aD + bD2 + C. The calibration equation of dose-effect was y = 1.01D + 4.43D2 + 0.56.
La conciencia corporal como herramienta en la formación inicial del profesorado
Authors: Macazaga López A. Mª. , Vaquero Barba A. , Macias Muñoz M. O.
Published: December 2016

Este artículo presenta una experiencia en torno al desarrollo de competencias emocionales en el grado de Maestro de Educación Primaria. El cuál ha sido desarrollada en colaboración por tres profesoras, en el contexto creado por la asignatura de Didáctica de la Educación física y el Practicum II. Ha permitido poner en relación el conocimiento teórico con el práctico y establecer puentes de conexión entre la universidad y la escuela. Las estrategias formativas sobre las que se ha articulado han sido: el trabajo de experimentación y conciencia corporal y la auto-observación del enfado en el aula durante la realización de las  prácticas. El trabajo de experimentación y conciencia corporal realizado, asociado al trabajo de escritura proyectado en las auto-observaciones y relatos finales elaborados por el alumnado, ha revertido en el desarrollo profesional del alumnado participante porque ha proporcionado una mayor conciencia y capacidad de regulación de la emoción de enfado en el contexto de las relaciones profesor-alumno.
La primera experiencia en España en formación de posgrado en Trabajo Social: la Universidad Pública de Navarra
Authors: Anaut-Bravo S.
Published: December 2016

Con el EEES, cada universidad ha desarrollado diversas estrategias de especialización (grados y posgrados) y de lifelong learning. En esta última década, las trayectorias seguidas por cada ámbito disciplinar tampoco han sido siempre confluyentes. Para poder profundizar, este artículo presenta los principales resultados alcanzados en la formación de posgrado/máster en Trabajo Social en la Universidad Pública de Navarra por ser la primera universidad en ponerlo en marcha y ser la que impulsó su introducción en la Educación Superior en España. Para ello, se ha recopilado la información cuantitativa facilitada por la sección de posgrado de la citada Universidad sobre el alumnado. Asimismo, se han analizado las encuestas internas de satisfacción del máster y, en el caso de docentes, los informes y autoinformes elaborados por petición de la ANECA (Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación).

Los resultados apuntan a que este máster es un instrumento idóneo para una mayor empleabilidad eficiente de sus egresados, sobre todo, por la flexibilidad de la oferta académica, las opciones de especialización y el reconocimiento socio-político. En su trayectoria ha alcanzado y mantenido un alto nivel de calidad formativa para el desempeño de labores investigadoras, académicas y/o profesionales.

Los resultados obtenidos ejemplifican una adecuada interrelación de los contenidos y estrategias didácticas con el interés por dar respuestas a los retos de un contexto socioeconómico complejo con perfiles profesionales con un alto grado de especialización y con capacidad para manejar un cuerpo teórico y práctico más diverso y multidimensional.
Reseña: ¿Quo vadis, Universidad?
Authors: Bolívar Antonio
Published: December 2016

Recension del libro ¿Quo vadis, Universidad?
The impact of metacognitive beliefs and anticipatory processing on state anxiety in high socially anxious individuals in a speech task
Authors: Gkika Styliani , Wells Adrian
Published: December 2016

The metacognitive model (Wells & Matthews, 1994) proposes that metacognitions (e.g., positive or negative beliefs about worry and thoughts) are involved in emotional disorders alongside perseverative thinking, such as worry. In social anxiety, worry about forthcoming social situations, termed anticipatory processing (AP), is considered an important maintaining factor (Clark & Wells, 1995), but a role of metacognition is less clear. This study investigated AP and metacognition in 80 high socially anxious individuals asked to engage in either AP or a filler task before delivering a speech. AP and higher uncontrollability/danger metacognitive beliefs were associated with greater state anxiety overall. Individuals with higher positive beliefs about worry experienced less of an increase in anxiety before the speech, but their anxiety persisted until after the speech, compared to individuals with lower beliefs. The results support an effect of metacognitions and are discussed in terms of the social anxiety model and its implications.
Amor, erotismo e paixão em Florbela Espanca
Authors: Soares Marly Catarina
Published: December 2016

A experiência erótica vivida pelo sujeito poético florbeliano é resultante de uma estreita relação do Eu com a Natureza. Nesse contato, todos os elementos partilham e usufruem o mesmo desejo, a mesma febre erótica. Contemplar, observar, perceber o ambiente natural provocam sensações que disparam o desejo erótico, e qualquer cena transforma-se em pura sensualidade. A experiência sensual, erótica é a experiência do Eu lírico e por vezes do Outro (o amante), embora nem sempre este esteja presente. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar alguns poemas florbelianos dentro do campo temático do sentimento amoroso e do erotismo para verificar que tipo de relações se estabelece no complexo jogo do amor levando-se em conta o erótico, o amor e a divindade. Para a realização da análise dos poemas, discussões teóricas sobre amor e erotismo, tomando por base autores como Barthes, Paz, Costa, Platão, Elkins, dentre outros, deram o tom e apontaram o caminho para se chegar ao objetivo proposto. A escolha dos poemas analisados incidiu naqueles em que se constata a Florbela erótica que se desnuda frente aos olhos do leitor.
Estudo das fontes de O Samba Rural Paulista: tradição e variantes autorais
Authors: Santiago Almeida Manoel Mourivaldo , Frugiuele Mario Santin
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho, com base na análise de variantes autorais presentes no ensaio O Samba Rural Paulista de Mário de Andrade, pretende fornecer elementos que auxiliem futuros estudos sobre o autor e, essencialmente, sobre seu trabalho inaugural com relação à manifestação tipicamente paulista. Examinaremos, aqui, a tradição direta do texto investigado, incluindo os exemplares de trabalho com anotações e corrigendas efetuadas pelo próprio escritor. Para procedermos à análise dos dados coletados, utilizamos como pressuposto teórico recortes feitos na área da crítica textual, apontando para a relevância da recensão no estabelecimento do texto crítico.
Escrevivência e produção de subjetividades: reflexões em torno de “Olhos d ’Água ”, de Conceição Evaristo
Authors: Melo Henrique Furtado , De Godoy Maria Carolina
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de reflexões que compõem parte de nossa pesquisa atual em torno da escrevivência evaristiana. Através de uma leitura do conto Olhos d’Água, republicado no livro mais recente de Conceição Evaristo, buscamos observar alguns traços recorrentes na prosa da autora, destacando suas  funções  dentro  da  escrevivência,  a  qual  pode  atuar  como  mecanismo emancipatório da voz negra, recobrando poder sobre meios de produção de subjetividades negras. Destacamos, como base teórica, a Esquizoanálise e as próprias palavras da autora com relação à escrevivência.
Considerações sobre crítica de poesia contemporânea
Authors: Franchetti Paulo
Published: December 2016

O objetivo do texto é refletir sobre um problema comum na crítica de poesia contemporânea: o uso automático e acrítico de alguns termos e conceitos vagos que não têm real poder de avaliação, nem mesmo de descrição do objeto.
Study on the University Students’ Self-expressive Tendency in Mongolia
Authors: Jagdag Davaa , Dembereldorj Zoljargal
Published: December 2016

The study aimed to explore Mongolian students’ tendency of self-expression and a conduct of self-study at one university of Mongolia. It employed quantitative research method to explore the relationship between self-expression and self-study and examined them in terms of age, gender, years of study and field of study. The chi-squared test found that there is a significant relationship between self-expression and the ability to conduct self-study. We concluded that students who conduct self-study or has an ability of self-study tend to self-express in the context of Mongolian education. Significant relationships between age, year of the class and self-expression implies that self-expression develops as the student becomes matured and confident with an increase of their educational level.
Nature of Commitment in the General Conditions of FIDIC, Iran Construction Contracts, and Principles of European Law on Service Contracts
Authors: Ghahraman Mohammad , Ranjbar Sahrayi Masoud Reza
Published: December 2016

Commitment is a consequence of a contract. Identifying the nature of commitment is very important to achieve it. The question here is that what is the nature of commitment in construction contracts? Is the constructor bound to achieve a result and implement the contract subject, or is his/her effort to implement the contract subject enough? Since performance of the contract subject in construction contracts, which include creating, repairing and reconstructing a building, requires time passing and meeting various secondary commitments by both parties, the issue was studied according to the general conditions of FIDIC (International Federation of Consulting Engineers) contracts, Iranian Organization of Management and Planning and Principles of European Law on Service Contracts.
The Investigation of Obligatory Bail Contract from the Perspective of General and Particular Law Scholars
Authors: Daraei Zohreh
Published: December 2016

Bail is an important element of legal jurisprudence that its establishment has a long history. The scope of this contract is to the extent that is seen in almost all civil, criminal, commercial, intellectual and political matters. This legal institution today as one of the most common supporting arrangements is used for both private contracts and the judicial authorities. Due to the realization of this contract, the bailsman will be required to fulfill promised obligations. Obligatory bail includes those cases that cause the contracts lost the legal and contractual aspects and takes ruling and obligatory role. The necessity of this discussion arises from the need that the perpetrators of various crimes that in some cases encounter arresting and imprisonment escape in different ways and are excluded from the scope of justice and law enforcement. Since committing any crime has its own punishment, whether in the second case, another person that escaped wrongdoer is considered the same punishment or other legal actions will be with him? In this study, we investigate the causes and principles of this sentence.
The Effect of Van Hiele Theory-Based Teaching Educational Package on Achievement Goal Orientation of Student Teachers
Authors: Mostafa Mahdian , Mohammad Javad Liaghatdar , Reza Oreyizi Hamid
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Van Hiele theory-based teaching educational package on achievement goal orientation among student teachers. Research method of this study was quasi-experimental with plan of pretest-posttest and control group. Statistical population includes all student teachers Farhangian University of Isfahan, Iran so that two groups of participants with 176 members were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups responded the standardized questionnaire of achievement goals including four types of orientations mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance. To analyze the obtained data from questionnaire, descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. According to the obtained result, the mean difference between pretest and posttest scores of experimental group was significantly more than control group in terms of orientation of mastery-approach (mastery-oriented). This difference was not significant for other variables in two experimental and control groups. People with mastery-oriented goals try to increase their abilities emphasizing on perception, vision and skill. Hence, educational package is suggested to develop and improve competences through increasing the level of understanding and perception of matter in order to professional promotion of teachers.
Plant and fungal use in Tusheti, Khevsureti, and Pshavi, Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus
Authors: Bussmann Rainer W. , Paniagua-Zambrana Narel Y. , Sikharulidze Shalva , Kikvidze Zaal , Kikodze David , Tchelidze David , Batsatsashvili Ketevan , Hart Robert E.
Published: December 2016

In this study, we documented traditional plant use in Tusheti, Khevsureti, and Pshavi and hypothesized that (i) plant use knowledge in general would be higher in isolated high elevation communities, and that (ii) use of home gardens would be much more restricted to lower elevation settings. Fieldwork was conducted in Khevsureti, Pshavi, and Tusheti. Interviews using semi-structured questionnaires were conducted with 74 participants. In the present study, we encountered 317 plant species belonging to 203 genera of 80 families being used in the research region. Of these, 197 species were exclusively wild-harvested, 73 were grown in homegardens, and 47 were both grown in gardens and sourced in the wild. The ordinations in plant-space and in use-space were significantly fit by elevation of informant community, and community itself. Age and gender did not significantly fit the distribution of informants across either plant-space or use-space, respectively. Number of use-reports was highest across all communities in the food and medicinal use-categories, and informant consensus. Species with especially high use-diversity (UD) tended to be woody species although. Species with high use-value (UV) were mostly managed/domesticated species from home orchards, gardens, or farms. Plant species, and uses, found in our study, showed clear relations to the wider Eurasian cultural complex. The species number found was, however, far higher than in any published study from either the region or the wiser Mediterranean and Eurasia. The maintenance of home gardens in Georgia serves as socio-ecological memory. While the great variety of plant species used in the Georgian Caucasus might provide a reservoir for food security climate change is starting to affect both natural floristic diversity and gardens both in the Caucasus as well as continent wide.
Could clonality contribute to the northern survival of grey alder [Alnus incana (L.) Moench] during the Last Glacial Maximum?
Authors: Dering Monika , Latałowa Małgorzata , Boratyńska Krystyna , Kosiński Piotr , Boratyński Adam
Published: December 2016

Reconstruction of the glacial and postglacial history of a species, including life-history traits, provides valuable insights into the relationships between ecological and genetic factors shaping phylogeographic patterns. Clonality appears as a trait of high importance for survival in northern refugia. In the present study, the phylogeographic structure of 24 Alnus incana (grey alder) populations and clonal structure in seven populations were analyzed utilizing four microsatellites markers. Palaeobotanical data were collected and combined with the genetic results in order to support the possibility that this species survived in northern refugia. Our study indicated that: (i) Balkan populations are the most divergent, which likely reflects their long-term in-situ existence, (ii) Western Alpine populations are genetically different from other European populations, which corresponds with palaeobotanical data, suggesting that this region served as a refugium for this species, (iii) the macrofossil data indicate that the Scandinavian and northeastern Polish populations are likely derived from the refugia located in northern latitudes, (iv) Western and Eastern Carpathian populations form separate groups, which indicate that both regions could serve as refugia. Clonality was an important factor in allowing grey alder to survive in northern regions during the last glaciation. However, this mode of reproduction has also influenced the population genetic structure, as we noted rather low level of gene diversity, HE = 0.386 and low allelic variability, A = 3.8, in this species.
Genetic structure of the old black poplar population along the bank of the Vistula River in Poland
Authors: Lewandowski Andrzej , Litkowiec Monika
Published: December 2016

Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is one of the main woody riparian species in Europe. Because of extensive habitat loss due to river regulations, this species is considered rare and threatened. To analyze genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure, we examined ten nuclear microsatellite loci in a population of very old P. nigra trees growing along the Vistula River in Poland. We found a high level of genetic diversity (HE = 0.792, HO = 0.731, A = 14.7) that was within the range of other natural European P. nigra populations, and our results showed that sexual propagation is the dominant way of reproduction in the studied population, leading to high clonal diversity (R = 0.91). Additionally, we did not detect a spatial genetic structure resulting in a random spatial distribution of genotypes. Individuals from such old and diverse populations have the potential to provide valuable reproductive material for both restoration programs and breeding purposes.
Teologia Política em Martinho Lutero
Authors: Rosa Wanderley Pereira da
Published: December 2016

O texto Teologia Política em Martinho Lutero pretende apresentar a ética política luterana com base nos principais tratados do reformador alemão a esse respeito. Recorreremos também a especialistas e historiadores do pensamento luterano que o interpretam sob diferentes pontos de vista para fundamentarmos nossa posição. Identificaremos nos textos de Martinho Lutero, em primeiro lugar, um claro ataque à autoridade papal e da Cúria, e suas pretensões de soberania universal sobre todas as instâncias da vida. Demonstrar-se-á que Martinho Lutero parte desse duro ataque à autoridade papal e uma defesa intransigente da obediência à autoridade secular em seus primeiros anos, para uma posição distinta dessa. Esse primeiro posicionamento de Lutero era resultado de sua interpretação da Bíblia, especialmente de textos do Novo Testamento, como, por exemplo, Romanos 13 e Mateus 22:21. Em seu período mais maduro, Lutero passa a fazer uma defesa da resistência pacífica à autoridade injusta e daí, à resistência armada contra o tirano, quando este ameaçar a fé cristã. 
Michael Löwy: marxismo e crítica da modernidade - Resenha
Authors: Py Fábio
Published: December 2016

Livro

QUERIDO, Fábio Mascaro. Michael Löwy: marxismo e crítica da modernidade. São Paulo: Boitempo; Fapesp, 2016. 199p. ISBN 978-85-7559-483-4     
A taxonomic and morphological re-evaluation of “Halitherium” cristolii Fitzinger, 1842 (Mammalia, Sirenia) from the late Oligocene of Austria, with the description of a new genus
Authors: Voss Manja , Berning Björn , Reiter Erich
Published: December 2016

The fossil sirenian material from the upper Oligocene Linz Sands of Upper Austria is reviewed and re-described in detail following a recent approach on the invalidity of the genus Halitherium Kaup, 1838. This morphological study provides the first evidence for the synonymy of “Halitherium” cristolii Fitzinger 1842, “H.” abeli Spillmann, 1959 and “H.” pergense (Toula, 1899), supporting the hypothesis that only a single species inhabited the late Oligocene shores of present-day Upper Austria. In the course of the taxonomic revision of the “Halitherium” species-complex, this taxon is now assigned to the new genus Lentiarenium Voss gen. nov. It represents a more derived sirenian compared to Eocene and early Oligocene taxa distributed across Central Europe and North Africa, which is in accordance with the stratigraphical data. An updated inventory list of all identifiable and referable skeletal material is provided, including a detailed synonymy list for the new taxonomic combination.
The Roman communication Leusinium-Sallunto-Anderba
Authors: Samardžić Gligor
Published: December 2016

This paper presents the data about the Roman road communication Leusinium-Sallunto-Anderba (the present-day village of Panik - the city of Nikšić) with the settlements along the route. From the road station Ad Zizio (the present-day village of Mosko or Ukšići at the village of Ljubomir) the road led east to the road station Leusinium (Panik, near the city of Bileća), then over the road station Sallunto (the village of Riječani - east of Bileća, on the road to Nikšić). From the road station Leusinium, one branch of the road led east to the former Roman castrum Anderba, and another branch led north to the interior of the province of Dalmatia, via the present-day city of Gacko, towards the region of Podrinje. The archaeological finds (the remnants of a Roman settlement, road, fragments of milestones) from the sites in Panik, Riječani and Nikšić (the southern part of the province of Dalmatia) indicate that his area was, relatively early, connected with the network of Roman road communication. The importance of this branch of the road is testified by the fragments of milestones with inscriptions found in situ. There is no distinctive inscription that could ensure the precise dating of the Leusinium-Sallunto-Anderba road communication. In addition, no other sources give the details of its construction. It is believed that the Prefect of Dalmatia (14-20 AD), Publius Cornelius Dolabella, started to build the Leusinium-Sallunto-Anderba road route along which stood the above-mentioned road stations, and that it was completed during the reign of the Emperor Claudius (41-54 AD). Additional reconstructions of this road were most probably conducted in the 3rd and the 4th century, which is testified by the inscriptions mentioned, discovered in the area of Riječani (Nikšić) and Panik (Bileća). We can see that, in narrative and cartographic sources, there is frequently a discrepancy in the data on the road stations and the distance between them. The discrepancy between the information obtained from the historical sources and the finds in archaeological sites has generated a myriad of diverse opinions on these questions.
Topography and the road network in the territory of ancient Naissus
Authors: Ljubomirović Irena
Published: December 2016

Archaeological research revealed that ancient Naissus was located on the right bank of the Nišava, on the territory partially covered by the Niš Fortress. The ancient town developed on a wide and flat terrain, which offered good conditions for settlement, but also for raising fortifications. According to modern scholars, the urban settlement on the right bank of the Nišava was preceded by a small native village (vicus), which was important for the erection of the town fortifications. Numerous roads were linking Naissus with the surrounding regions and villas in the county side. We learn about them on the basis of epigraphic and archaeological material milestones and remains of roads, but also on the basis of the location of the necropolises, which in the classical period often sprang up near the suburban roads. The road leading to the east crossed the Nišava by a stone bridge, whose remains were visible not far from today's 'Benetton' factory. The road led further over 'Gabrovac land', intersected with streams over which the remains of three stone bridges from the Roman period were found. This route led to Mediana, a suburb with villas three miles distant from the city. Another important road connecting the region Pomoravlje with the southern parts of the province of Dalmatia was the road Naissus-Lissus. TA section leding to Macedonia and the harbour of Thessalonica over Scupi branched from it south of Naissus: Ad Herculem, Hammeum Ad Fines, Vindenae and Vicianum. From Vicianum station (Vučitrn) one section ran towards Lissus and another towards Scupi. Throughout the Timok valley stretched one of the most important roads (Naissus-Ratiaria) that linked Naissus and the central Balkan areas with the region of Podunavlje (the Danube basin). The road led from Naissus to the East, along the right bank of the Nišava (across the areas of Jagodin mala and Vrežina) and, at the modern village of Malča, it turned towards the North, following the route of the modern road and railroad to Svrljig. Further to the northeast, the road led through the valley of Svrljiški Timok and was passing through Plužina where a milestone of Trebonian Gallus was discovered (251-253 AD). The road left the river valley near a place called Palilula because the river was entering impassable canyons, and the road ran south of Knjaževac over the mountain pass Tresibaba, where it connected to the sections that led from the West (Praesidium Pompei) and the South (Turres, Remesiana). Epigraphic monuments are of particular importance for studying the history of ancient Nais. These provide valuable information on the way of life, customs, religion, government, military and social organization of this city. Funerary inscriptions often contain data that could be used in topography or onomastic research. Honorary inscription set up by the city councils supply information about the communities that erected them.
Peasant cooperative 'Kopaonik', in Rvati: A case study of collectivization in the Yugoslav countryside after the Second World War
Authors: Virijević Vladan
Published: December 2016

Collectivization, as a method of the socialist transformation of village and of organizing agricultural production, was conducted after 1944, lasted until 1953, and it was intensified especially after 1948, namely after the conflict of the Yugoslav country and the party management with members of the Inform Bureau - the Soviet Union and the countries of 'national democracy', when it was abandoned despite the attempt of reorganization. Economic failures of collective farms, political damage caused by relations with farmers, as the most numerous social category, then new possibilities for help and loans from the west, predetermined this step. Aspirations of the Communist party of Yugoslavia to skip the natural way of development and substitute it by an administrative centralization of the production means turned out to be a complete failure. Collective farm 'Kopaonik' located in Rvati near Raška was one of numerous farms of that kind due to which there were intentions to introduce socialism into the village and to transform properties. Despite the efforts of the parties' forums and initial positive results, it was soon obvious that conducting this ideological concept was at variance with traditional relations of the patriarchal farmers' society. Unprofitability and destimulation of agricultural production, personal vanities and misunderstandings among members, as well as a series of other limiting factors, resulted in its reduction in 1954.
Students' perception of incorporating Moodle in an ESP context
Authors: Đorđević Danijela , Stefanowicz-Kocoł Anna
Published: December 2016

A Moodle platform can be successfully integrated into any course for the purpose of introducing e-learning as well as blended learning. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether students were content with having the Moodle platform as a part of the course English for Specific Purposes. The respondents were the students of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. The primary objective of this research was to see whether students find e-learning, and the Moodle course in particular, favourable to their learning. Furthermore, we were also eager to hear about their attitudes towards communication with other students and the teacher as well as about their preferable form and way of learning. Finally, we wanted to learn how their self-assessment correlated with their attitudes towards e-learning in order to reach some conclusions for further research.