bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anchors of Colonial Rule: Pluralistic Courts in Java, ca. 1803–1848
Authors: Ravensbergen Sanne
Published: September 2018

Through an institutional approach and by focusing on long-term developments, this article offers a genealogy of the pluralistic character of thelandraad(regional colonial court) in colonial Java. It argues that the pluralistic landraden—consisting of a Dutch president, Javanese judges, a local prosecutor, and Islamic and Chinese advisers—were crucial to the process of colonial state formation. This long-term process reflects continuities rather than rupture and change between the era of the VOC and the nineteenth-century developing colonial state. The spatial sites of the landraden reveal not only the conflicts between several layers, institutions, and individuals in the process of colonial state formation but also the importance of local actors in this process. Local dynamics as well as tensions between the various layers of the colonial state, which were striving either for uniformity or for the maintenance of local pluralities, provide insights into the complex formation processes of dual rule from below.
Writing Law at the Edge of Empire: Evidence from the Qazis of Bharuch (1799–1864)
Authors: Lhost Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

When judicial department officials at Bombay began to enforce the British East India Company’s (EIC) authority over the production and authentication of certain types of legal documents in the late 1830s,qāẓīs (Islamic judges) like Sayyid Aḥmad Ḥusain of Bharuch, objected to their loss of authority. In petitions sent to the Governor in Council from the edges of empire, these legal intermediaries objected to the Company’s interference with their livelihoods. Although the qazis’ complaints did not yield the desired results, by demonstrating the utility of their record-keeping abilities, qazis were able to retain discrete rights. The effects of these negotiations demonstrate the ways in which the intersections of expanding Company policies and local legal activity contributed to the growth of imperial power. Attending to the particularities of local legal practice, captured in the writings of these qazis, this article highlights the material mechanisms by which the EIC co-opted existing documentary cultures to extend state surveillance over local populations and challenges prevailing histories of legal translation and codification by focusing on the social ramifications of changing legal definitions at the moment such relations were first articulated in writing.
Notes on troubling ‘the popular’
Authors: Cole Ross
Published: September 2018

This article throws new light on the troublesome question ‘what is popular music?’ by pursuing a genealogy of discourse in Britain during a crucial period from 1860 to 1920 in which modernity is increasingly characterised by an antagonistic relationship between intellectual elites and consumer entertainment. Focusing on London music halls, social reformism and ragtime, I argue that the term fell into two broad categories of use: first, to identify and/or denigrate mass culture; and second, to establish a pathway for edification and to champion ideals of respectability. Although implicated in the construction of binary oppositions and frequently associated with impropriety, the popular was not always associated with lowness. The idea, however, was shot through with contradictions deriving from a view of ‘the people’ as being simultaneously docile and seditious. Ultimately, I demonstrate that the popular is a floating signifier with the potential to reference mutually opposing ideas.
Sigur Rós: reception, borealism, and musical style
Authors: Størvold Tore
Published: September 2018

Since the international breakthrough of The Sugarcubes and Björk in the late 1980s, the Anglophone discourse surrounding Icelandic popular music has proven to be the latest instance of a long history of representation in which the North Atlantic island is imagined as an icy periphery on the edge of European civilization. This mode of representation is especially prominent in the discourse surrounding post-rock band Sigur Rós. This article offers a critical reading of the band's reception in the Anglo-American music press during the period of their breakthrough in the UK and USA. Interpretative strategies among listeners and critics are scrutinised using the concept of borealism (Schram 2011) in order to examine attitudes towards the Nordic regions evident in the portrayals of Sigur Rós. Reception issues then form the basis for a musical analysis of a seminal track in the band's history, aiming to demonstrate how specific details in Sigur Rós's style relate to its reception and the discourse surrounding it. The article finds that much of the metaphorical language present in the band's reception can be linked to techniques of musical spatiality, the unusual sound of the bowed electric guitar and non-normative uses of voice and language.
A spatial and temporal analysis of risk factors associated with sporadic Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 infection in England between 2009 and 2015
Authors: Elson Richard , Grace Katherine , Vivancos Roberto , Jenkins Claire , Adak Goutam K. , O'Brien Sarah J. , Lake Iain R.
Published: September 2018

Infection with STEC O157 is relatively rare but has potentially serious sequelae, particularly for children. Large outbreaks have prompted considerable efforts designed to reduce transmission primarily from food and direct animal contact. Despite these interventions, numbers of infections have remained constant for many years and the mechanisms leading to many sporadic infections remain unclear.

Here, we show that two-thirds of all cases reported in England between 2009 and 2015 were sporadic. Crude rates of infection differed geographically and were highest in rural areas during the summer months. Living in rural areas with high densities of cattle, sheep or pigs and those served by private water supplies were associated with increased risk. Living in an area of lower deprivation contributed to increased risk but this appeared to be associated with reported travel abroad. Fresh water coverage and residential proximity to the coast were not risk factors.

To reduce the overall burden of infection in England, interventions designed to reduce the number of sporadic infections with STEC should focus on the residents of rural areas with high densities of livestock and the effective management of non-municipal water supplies. The role of sheep as a reservoir and potential source of infection in humans should not be overlooked.
A Large Committed Long‐Term Sink of Carbon due to Vegetation Dynamics
Authors: Pugh T. A. M. , Jones C. D. , Huntingford C. , Burton C. , Arneth A. , Brovkin V. , Ciais P. , Lomas M. , Robertson E. , Piao S. L. , Sitch S.
Published: September 2018

The terrestrial biosphere shows substantial inertia in its response to environmental change. Hence, assessments of transient changes in ecosystem properties to 2100 do not capture the full magnitude of the response realized once ecosystems reach an effective equilibrium with the changed environmental boundary conditions. This equilibrium state can be termed the committed state, in contrast to a transient state in which the ecosystem is in disequilibrium. The difference in ecosystem properties between the transient and committed states represents the committed change yet to be realized. Here an ensemble of dynamic global vegetation model simulations was used to assess the changes in tree cover and carbon storage for a variety of committed states, relative to a preindustrial baseline, and to attribute the drivers of uncertainty. Using a subset of simulations, the committed changes in these variables post‐2100, assuming climate stabilization, were calculated. The results show large committed changes in tree cover and carbon storage, with model disparities driven by residence time in the tropics, and residence time and productivity in the boreal. Large changes remain ongoing well beyond the end of the 21st century. In boreal ecosystems, the simulated increase in vegetation carbon storage above preindustrial levels was 20–95 Pg C at 2 K of warming, and 45–201 Pg C at 5 K, of which 38–155 Pg C was due to expansion in tree cover. Reducing the large uncertainties in long‐term commitment and rate‐of‐change of terrestrial carbon uptake will be crucial for assessments of emissions budgets consistent with limiting climate change.
Climatology and Characteristics of Medium‐Scale F Region Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities Observed by COSMIC Radio Occultation Receivers
Authors: Watson C. , Pedatella N. M.
Published: September 2018

Medium‐scale ionospheric ionization structures are a persistent global feature of the Earth's ionosphere. Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation measurements are well suited to address the incomplete global observational picture of plasma density irregularities, including the global climatology in both bottomside and topside F region layers, and their structure in the vertical dimension. A climatological database of F region ionospheric irregularities and their characteristics has been developed through detection of total electron content perturbations by Global Positioning System receivers onboard COSMIC satellites. This paper presents global occurrence rates and detailed characteristics of equatorial to midlatitude medium‐scale irregularities under quiet geomagnetic conditions. The study covers 4 years, two during solar minimum (2008–2009) and two during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24 (2012–2013). Irregularities were found to occur frequently at high latitudes and during nighttime in equatorial to midlatitude regions in both bottom and topside F region layers. Longitudinal‐seasonal occurrence trends at equatorial and midlatitudes are consistent with previous irregularity climatology, which reaffirms that localized enhancements in plasma instability growth rates contribute to irregularity occurrence. Seasonal occurrence patterns also indicate a high occurrence of irregularities in regions corresponding to the solar terminator, confined primarily to altitudes below ~300 km. The local time‐altitude distributions of equatorial and midlatitude irregularity occurrence, amplitude, and scale size provide further insight into irregularity generation mechanisms, and include features consistent with “spread F” irregularities and traveling ionospheric disturbances.
Decadal Trends in Wet Sulfur Deposition in China Estimated From OMI SO2 Columns
Authors: Zhang X. Y. , Chuai X. W. , Liu L. , Zhang W. T. , Lu X. H. , Zhao L. M. , Chen D. M.
Published: September 2018

Long‐term (from 2005 to 2016) trends in wet SO42− deposition across China are assessed using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) SO2 columns within the planetary boundary layer. The models for estimating monthly SO42− deposition from precipitation in eight ecological regions are constructed based on SO2 columns and ground‐based measurements. An accuracy assessment shows that the models achieve highly precise predictive values for monthly deposition (R = 0.93, with a relative/absolute error of −0.1/0.3 kg S · ha−1 · month−1). In terms of spatial distribution, SO42− deposition shows substantial variations across China, ranging from 0.9 to 63.9 kg S · ha−1 · year−1, with an average of 10.4 kg S · ha−1 · year−1. Additionally, wet SO42− deposition shows significant seasonal variations, increasing from January to July and then decreasing thereafter. Regarding long‐term trends, the wet SO42− deposition in northern, central, and southern China decreased at rates of 0.009, 0.001, and 0.0009 kg S · ha−1 · month−1, respectively. In contrast, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai‐Tibet, and northwest and northeast China showed increasing deposition trends. In general, the wet SO42− deposition in 2016 decreased by 4.3% from that in 2005 on a national scale, indicating that air quality policies to control SO2 emissions have had some effects on wet SO42− deposition.
Glucose-regulated protein 78 binds to and regulates the melanocortin-4 receptor
Authors: Yoon Ye Ran , Lee Tae-Gul , Choi Mi-Hyun , Shin Seung Woo , Ko Young-Gyu , Rhyu Im Joo , Kim Dong-Hoon , Seong Je Kyung , Baik Ja-Hyun
Published: September 2018

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and plays an essential role in the control of energy homeostasis. Here, we identified a novel MC4R-interacting protein, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), from a pulldown assay using hypothalamic protein extracts and the third intracellular loop of MC4R. We found that MC4R interacted with GRP78 in both the cytosol and at the cell surface and that this interaction increased when MC4R was internalized in the presence of the agonist melanotan-II (MTII). Downregulation of GRP78 using a short interfering RNA approach attenuated MTII-mediated receptor internalization. Reduction in GRP78 expression during tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress also suppressed MTII-mediated internalization of MC4R and cAMP-mediated transcriptional activity. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA knockdown of endogenous GRP78 in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus resulted in an increase in body weight in mice fed a high-fat diet. These results suggest that GRP78 in the PVN binds to MC4R and may have a chaperone-like role in the regulation of MC4R trafficking and signaling.
Kindlin-2 regulates hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrogenesis
Authors: Yu Jun , Hu Yinan , Gao Yi , Li Qinghai , Zeng Zhilin , Li Yong , Chen Huilong
Published: September 2018

Liver fibrosis, the common response associated with chronic liver diseases, ultimately leads to cirrhosis, a major public health problem worldwide. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a key step in liver fibrosis. Here we report that Kindlin-2 expression is elevated in the livers of mice with experimental liver fibrosis and also in the livers of patients with liver fibrosis. TGF-β1 increases Kindlin-2 expression in cultured HSCs in a p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent manner, partly. More importantly, Kindlin-2 deficiency significantly attenuated mouse liver fibrosis and HSC activation. Mechanistically, Kindlin-2 promotes TGF-β signaling through upregulation of Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation. Our work demonstrates an important role for Kindlin-2 in liver fibrosis, and inhibiting Kindlin-2 in the livers may represent a novel strategy to treat liver fibrosis.
NDRG2 suppression as a molecular hallmark of photoreceptor-specific cell death in the mouse retina
Authors: Hu Cheng-Biao , Sui Bing-Dong , Wang Bao-Ying , Li Gao , Hu Cheng-Hu , Zheng Chen-Xi , Du Fang-Ying , Zhu Chun-Hui , Li Hong-Bo , Feng Yan , Jin Yan , Yu Xiao-Rui
Published: September 2018

Photoreceptor cell death is recognized as the key pathogenesis of retinal degeneration, but the molecular basis underlying photoreceptor-specific cell loss in retinal damaging conditions is virtually unknown. The N-myc downstream regulated gene (NDRG) family has recently been reported to regulate cell viability, in particular NDRG1 has been uncovered expression in photoreceptor cells. Accordingly, we herein examined the potential roles of NDRGs in mediating photoreceptor-specific cell loss in retinal damages. By using mouse models of retinal degeneration and the 661 W photoreceptor cell line, we showed that photoreceptor cells are indeed highly sensitive to light exposure and the related oxidative stress, and that photoreceptor cells are even selectively diminished by phototoxins of the alkylating agent N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Unexpectedly, we discovered that of all the NDRG family members, NDRG2, but not the originally hypothesized NDRG1 or other NDRG subtypes, was selectively expressed and specifically responded to retinal damaging conditions in photoreceptor cells. Furthermore, functional experiments proved that NDRG2 was essential for photoreceptor cell viability, which could be attributed to NDRG2 control of the photo-oxidative stress, and that it was the suppression of NDRG2 which led to photoreceptor cell loss in damaging conditions. More importantly, NDRG2 preservation contributed to photoreceptor-specific cell maintenance and retinal protection both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings revealed a previously unrecognized role of NDRG2 in mediating photoreceptor cell homeostasis and established for the first time the molecular hallmark of photoreceptor-specific cell death as NDRG2 suppression, shedding light on improved understanding and therapy of retinal degeneration.
Alpha kinase 1 controls intestinal inflammation by suppressing the IL-12/Th1 axis
Authors: Ryzhakov Grigory , West Nathaniel R. , Franchini Fanny , Clare Simon , Ilott Nicholas E. , Sansom Stephen N. , Bullers Samuel J. , Pearson Claire , Costain Alice , Vaughan-Jackson Alun , Goettel Jeremy A. , Ermann Joerg , Horwitz Bruce H. , Buti Ludovico , Lu Xin , Mukhopadhyay Subhankar , Snapper Scott B. , Powrie Fiona
Published: September 2018

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are heterogenous disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a spectrum of genetic and environmental factors. In mice, overlapping regions of chromosome 3 have been associated with susceptibility to IBD-like pathology, including a locus called Hiccs. However, the specific gene that controls disease susceptibility remains unknown. Here we identify a Hiccs locus gene, Alpk1 (encoding alpha kinase 1), as a potent regulator of intestinal inflammation. In response to infection with the commensal pathobiont Helicobacter hepaticus (Hh), Alpk1-deficient mice display exacerbated interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 dependent colitis characterized by an enhanced Th1/interferon(IFN)-γ response. Alpk1 controls intestinal immunity via the hematopoietic system and is highly expressed by mononuclear phagocytes. In response to Hh, Alpk1−/− macrophages produce abnormally high amounts of IL-12, but not IL-23. This study demonstrates that Alpk1 promotes intestinal homoeostasis by regulating the balance of type 1/type 17 immunity following microbial challenge.
Highly-sensitive optical organic vapor sensor through polymeric swelling induced variation of fluorescent intensity
Authors: Jiang Xiangyu , Gao Hanfei , Zhang Xiqi , Pang Jinhui , Li Yunqi , Li Kan , Wu Yuchen , Li Shuzhou , Zhu Jia , Wei Yen , Jiang Lei
Published: September 2018

Traditional optical organic vapor sensors with solvatochromic shift mechanisms have lower sensitivity due to weak intermolecular interactions. Here, we report a general strategy to prepare a higher sensitivity optical organic vapor sensor through polymeric swelling-induced variation of fluorescent intensity. We combine one-dimensional polymeric structures and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules together to form a polymer/AIE microwires array as a sensor. The prepared sensors based on different commercial polymers can successfully classify and identify various organic vapors. Among them, the poly(vinyl butyral)/AIE microwires array can detect methanol vapor as low as 0.05% of its saturation vapor pressure. According to the theory of like dissolves like, we further fabricate a polymer/AIE microwires array derived from designable polyethersulfones, through regulating their side chains, to distinguish similar organic vapors of benzene and toluene. Both experimental and theoretical simulation results reveal that specific molecular interactions between the polyethersulfones and organic vapors can improve the specific recognition performance of the sensors.
Artemisinin kills malaria parasites by damaging proteins and inhibiting the proteasome
Authors: Bridgford Jessica L. , Xie Stanley C. , Cobbold Simon A. , Pasaje Charisse Flerida A. , Herrmann Susann , Yang Tuo , Gillett David L. , Dick Lawrence R. , Ralph Stuart A. , Dogovski Con , Spillman Natalie J. , Tilley Leann
Published: September 2018

Artemisinin and its derivatives (collectively referred to as ARTs) rapidly reduce the parasite burden inPlasmodium falciparuminfections, and antimalarial control is highly dependent on ART combination therapies (ACTs). Decreased sensitivity to ARTs is emerging, making it critically important to understand the mechanism of action of ARTs. Here we demonstrate that dihydroartemisinin (DHA), the clinically relevant ART, kills parasites via a two-pronged mechanism, causing protein damage, and compromising parasite proteasome function. The consequent accumulation of proteasome substrates, i.e., unfolded/damaged and polyubiquitinated proteins, activates the ER stress response and underpins DHA-mediated killing. Specific inhibitors of the proteasome cause a similar build-up of polyubiquitinated proteins, leading to parasite killing. Blocking protein synthesis with a translation inhibitor or inhibiting the ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E1, reduces the level of damaged, polyubiquitinated proteins, alleviates the stress response, and dramatically antagonizes DHA activity.
A variant NuRD complex containing PWWP2A/B excludes MBD2/3 to regulate transcription at active genes
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Wei Guifeng , Millard Christopher J. , Fischer Roman , Konietzny Rebecca , Kessler Benedikt M. , Schwabe John W. R. , Brockdorff Neil
Published: September 2018

Transcriptional regulation by chromatin is a highly dynamic process directed through the recruitment and coordinated action of epigenetic modifiers and readers of these modifications. Using an unbiased proteomic approach to find interactors of H3K36me3, a modification enriched on active chromatin, here we identify PWWP2A and HDAC2 among the top interactors. PWWP2A and its paralog PWWP2B form a stable complex with NuRD subunits MTA1/2/3:HDAC1/2:RBBP4/7, but not with MBD2/3, p66α/β, and CHD3/4. PWWP2A competes with MBD3 for binding to MTA1, thus defining a new variant NuRD complex that is mutually exclusive with the MBD2/3 containing NuRD. In mESCs, PWWP2A/B is most enriched at highly transcribed genes. Loss of PWWP2A/B leads to increases in histone acetylation predominantly at highly expressed genes, accompanied by decreases in Pol II elongation. Collectively, these findings suggest a role for PWWP2A/B in regulating transcription through the fine-tuning of histone acetylation dynamics at actively transcribed genes.
Lipid-Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Delivery of the ML336 Antiviral to Inhibit Encephalitic Alphavirus Infection
Authors: LaBauve Annette E. , Rinker Torri E. , Noureddine Achraf , Serda Rita E. , Howe Jane Y. , Sherman Michael B. , Rasley Amy , Brinker C. Jeffery , Sasaki Darryl Y. , Negrete Oscar A.
Published: September 2018

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) poses a major public health risk due to its amenability for use as a bioterrorism agent and its severe health consequences in humans. ML336 is a recently developed chemical inhibitor of VEEV, shown to effectively reduce VEEV infection in vitro and in vivo. However, its limited solubility and stability could hinder its clinical translation. To overcome these limitations, lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LC-MSNs) were employed. The large surface area of the MSN core promotes hydrophobic drug loading while the liposome coating retains the drug and enables enhanced circulation time and biocompatibility, providing an ideal ML336 delivery platform. LC-MSNs loaded 20 ± 3.4 μg ML336/mg LC-MSN and released 6.6 ± 1.3 μg/mg ML336 over 24 hours. ML336-loaded LC-MSNs significantly inhibited VEEV in vitro in a dose-dependent manner as compared to unloaded LC-MSNs controls. Moreover, cell-based studies suggested that additional release of ML336 occurs after endocytosis. In vivo safety studies were conducted in mice, and LC-MSNs were not toxic when dosed at 0.11 g LC-MSNs/kg/day for four days. ML336-loaded LC-MSNs showed significant reduction of brain viral titer in VEEV infected mice compared to PBS controls. Overall, these results highlight the utility of LC-MSNs as drug delivery vehicles to treat VEEV.
Low-Frequency Oscillatory Correlates of Auditory Predictive Processing in Cortical-Subcortical Networks: A MEG-Study
Authors: Recasens Marc , Gross Joachim , Uhlhaas Peter J.
Published: September 2018

Emerging evidence supports the role of neural oscillations as a mechanism for predictive information processing across large-scale networks. However, the oscillatory signatures underlying auditory mismatch detection and information flow between brain regions remain unclear. To address this issue, we examined the contribution of oscillatory activity at theta/alpha-bands (4–8/8–13 Hz) and assessed directed connectivity in magnetoencephalographic data while 17 human participants were presented with sound sequences containing predictable repetitions and order manipulations that elicited prediction-error responses. We characterized the spectro-temporal properties of neural generators using a minimum-norm approach and assessed directed connectivity using Granger Causality analysis. Mismatching sequences elicited increased theta power and phase-locking in auditory, hippocampal and prefrontal cortices, suggesting that theta-band oscillations underlie prediction-error generation in cortical-subcortical networks. Furthermore, enhanced feedforward theta/alpha-band connectivity was observed in auditory-prefrontal networks during mismatching sequences, while increased feedback connectivity in the alpha-band was observed between hippocampus and auditory regions during predictable sounds. Our findings highlight the involvement of hippocampal theta/alpha-band oscillations towards auditory prediction-error generation and suggest a spectral dissociation between inter-areal feedforward vs. feedback signalling, thus providing novel insights into the oscillatory mechanisms underlying auditory predictive processing.
Connexin 26 Expression in Mammalian Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Moscato S. , Cabiati M. , Bianchi F. , Vaglini F. , Morales M. A. , Burchielli S. , Botta L. , Sabbatini A. R. M. , Falleni A. , Del Ry S. , Mattii L.
Published: September 2018

Connexins are a family of membrane-spanning proteins named according to their molecular weight. They are known to form membrane channels mediating cell-cell communication, which play an essential role in the propagation of electrical activity in the heart. Cx26 has been described in a number of tissues but not in the heart, and its mutations are frequently associated with deafness and skin diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the possible Cx26 expression in heart tissues of different mammalian species and to demonstrate its localization at level of cardiomyocytes. Samples of pig, human and rat heart and H9c2 cells were used for our research. Immunohistochemical and molecular biology techniques were employed to test the expression of Cx26. Interestingly, this connexin was found in cardiomyocytes, at level of clusters scattered over the cell cytoplasm but not at level of the intercalated discs where the other cardiac connexins are usually located. Furthermore, the expression of Cx26 in H9c2 myoblast cells increased when they were differentiated into cardiac-like phenotype. To our knowledge, the expression of Cx26 in pig, human and rat has been demonstrated for the first time in the present paper.
Enhanced ANGPTL2 expression in adipose tissues and its association with insulin resistance in obese women
Authors: Kim Jimin , Lee Seul Ki , Jang Yeon Jin , Park Hye Soon , Kim Jong-Hyeok , Hong Joon Pio , Lee Yeon Ji , Heo Yoon-Suk
Published: September 2018

Angiopoietin-like protein 2 has been proposed to be a key mediator linking obesity and insulin resistance. However, no detailed study of ANGPTL2 expression in human adipose tissues has yet been reported. To investigate the pattern and regulation of ANGPTL2 expression in human adipose tissues in obesity and its related diseases, we recruited 32 non-diabetic and 13 type 2 diabetic obese women and 32 normal-weight women. ANGPTL2 mRNA was expressed at a similar level in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Adipose tissue ANGPTL2 mRNA was much higher in obese patients. Adipose tissue ANGPTL2 mRNA and serum ANGPTL2 levels showed strong associations with metabolic parameters associated with insulin resistance. In adipose tissue, ANGPTL2 mRNA was closely correlated with the expression of genes involved in inflammation and ER stress. ANGPTL2 mRNA was principally expressed in adipocytes, and its expression was markedly higher in the adipocyte but non-adipocyte fraction of obese adipose tissues. Culture of human adipocytes under conditions mimicking the microenvironment of obese adipose tissue (especially, increased ER stress) stimulated ANGPTL2 gene expression and secretion. In addition, co-culture of adipocytes and macrophages suggested that ANGPTL2 excessively produced by adipocytes, may contribute inflammation and remodeling in obese adipose tissues, thereby promoting insulin resistance.
A highly hydrolytically stable lanthanide organic framework as a sensitive luminescent probe for DBP and chlorpyrifos detection
Authors: Wei Wei , Wang Jian , Tian Chong-Bin , Du Shao-Wu , Wu Ke-Chen
Published: September 2018

A series of isostructural 3D Ln-MOFs with exceptional hydrolytic stability were synthesized. The Tb3+ compound showed excellent sensing ability towards DBP and chlorpyrifos.
Enantio- and regioselective ene-reductions using F420H2-dependent enzymes
Authors: Mathew Sam , Trajkovic Milos , Kumar Hemant , Nguyen Quoc-Thai , Fraaije Marco W.
Published: September 2018

A new class of bacterial reductases has been identified that can be used for enantio- and regioselective ene-reductions: F420-dependent reductases.
Pt NPs immobilized on a N-doped graphene@Al2O3hybrid support as robust catalysts for low temperature CO oxidation
Authors: Jia Zhimin , Huang Fei , Diao Jiangyong , Zhang Jiayun , Wang Jia , Su Dang Sheng , Liu Hongyang
Published: September 2018

Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) immobilized on a N-doped graphene@Al2O3hybrid support (Al2O3@CNx) were synthesized and exhibit superior catalytic activity for low temperature CO oxidation, due to a strong metal–support interaction between Pt NPs and the N-doped.
Barium-catalyzed C–OH/P–H dehydrative cross-coupling for C–P bond construction
Authors: Wo Xiangyang , Xie Peizhong , Fu Weishan , Gao Cuiqing , Liu Yanan , Sun Zuolian , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: September 2018

A barium-catalyzed C–OH/P–H dehydrative cross-coupling protocol for the construction of C–P bonds was developed in an environmentally benign manner.
Coupling FeSe2 with CoSe: an effective strategy to create stable and efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation
Authors: Guo Kailu , Zou Zehua , Du Jing , Zhao Yongqing , Zhou Baofan , Xu Cailing
Published: September 2018

A novel mutually beneficial CoSe/FeSe2 nanohybrid electrocatalyst was prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method, exhibiting enhanced OER performances.
Morphology control of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Li Jing , Jin Shaohua , Lan Guanchao , Ma Xiao , Ruan Jian , Zhang Bo , Chen Shusen , Li Lijie
Published: September 2018

The vacuum, water-effect and ethanol-effect morphology of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) is simulated using the attachment energy model by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method.
Influence of GeP precipitates on the thermoelectric properties of P-type GeTe and Ge0.9−xPxSb0.1Te compounds
Authors: Rajeev Gandhi J. , Nehru Raja , Chen Sheng-Ming , Sankar Raman , Bayikadi Khasim Saheb , Sureshkumar Palanivel , Chen Kuei-Hsien , Chen Li-Chyong
Published: September 2018

The incorporation of P in GST forms the secondary GeP rich phase. The presence of secondary phase and point defects (Sb and P) enhanced the additional scattering effects in the system.
An in situ solid-state heredity-restriction strategy to introduce oxygen defects into TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Hu Jindou , Jia Wei , Xie Jing , Cao Yali , Zhang Xinhua , Jia Dianzeng
Published: September 2018

A green, solid-state heredity-restriction strategy was constructed to create in situ oxygen vacancies in TiO2 without the aid of reductant.
Identification of the maze in the conformational landscape of fenchol
Authors: Neeman E. M. , Huet T. R.
Published: September 2018

The conformational landscape of the bicyclic molecule fenchol (C10H18O, 1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol) – a biogenic volatile organic compound – was identified thanks to rotational spectroscopy and quantum chemical modelling.
The impact of lipid oxidation on the functioning of a lung surfactant model
Authors: Stachowicz-Kuśnierz A. , Cwiklik L. , Korchowiec J. , Rogalska E. , Korchowiec B.
Published: September 2018

The effects of oxidizing 20 mole% of unsaturated lipids in a lung surfactant model were examined with a combined experimental–theoretical approach.
Chain-propagation, chain-transfer, and hydride-abstraction by cyclic carbocations on water surfaces
Authors: Ishizuka Shinnosuke , Matsugi Akira , Hama Tetsuya , Enami Shinichi
Published: September 2018

New mechanisms for the growth and increase in complexity of atmospheric aerosol particles are elucidated. The present findings will also be useful for interfacial polymer/oligomer synthesis.
Competition between hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces in intermolecular structure formation of protonated branched-chain alcohol clusters
Authors: Sugawara Natsuko , Hsu Po-Jen , Fujii Asuka , Kuo Jer-Lai
Published: September 2018

Temperature dependence of hydrogen bond network structures of protonated bulky alcohol clusters is explored by IR spectroscopy and DFT simulations.
Correction: Surface induced smectic order in ionic liquids – an X-ray reflectivity study of [C22C1im]+[NTf2]−
Authors: Mars Julian , Hou Binyang , Weiss Henning , Li Hailong , Konovalov Oleg , Festersen Sven , Murphy Bridget M. , Rütt Uta , Bier Markus , Mezger Markus
Published: September 2018

Correction for ‘Surface induced smectic order in ionic liquids – an X-ray reflectivity study of [C22C1im]+[NTf2]−’ by Julian Mars et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017, 19, 26651–26661.
Composition modulation in one-dimensional and two-dimensional chalcogenide semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Li Honglai , Wang Xiao , Zhu Xiaoli , Duan Xiangfeng , Pan Anlian
Published: September 2018

This article reviews our successful realization of the composition modulated single chalcogenide semiconductor nanostructures.
Two-dimensional materials for miniaturized energy storage devices: from individual devices to smart integrated systems
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Wang Faxing , Yu Minghao , Zhuang Xiaodong , Feng Xinliang
Published: September 2018

This review summarizes recent advances, key challenges and perspectives regarding two-dimensional materials for miniaturized energy storage devices.
Developing a magnetic metal organic framework of copper bearing a mixed azido/butane-1,4-dicarboxylate bridge: magnetic and gas adsorption properties
Authors: Hassanpoor Azam , Mirzaei Masoud , Niknam Shahrak Mahdi , Majcher Anna M.
Published: September 2018

A magnetic metal organic framework {[Cu(but-1,4-dc)0.5(N3)(H2O)]·H2O}n was synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. Its application in carbon capturing was also theoretically evaluated.
A facile synthesis of two new IR optical perovskites based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane with a high laser damage threshold
Authors: Song Jun-Ling , Chen Wen-Jun , Chu Kai-Bin , Zhou Yu-Hua
Published: September 2018

Two new IR optical perovskites based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane, namely, (H2dabco)(PbCl3)2 (1) and (H2dabco)(H2PbBr6)·H2O (2), were discovered and they both crystallize in the noncentrosymmetric space group P43212 and P63mc, respectively, displaying broad transparent range with high transmission.
A new quinoline based luminescent Zr(iv) metal–organic framework for the ultrasensitive recognition of 4-nitrophenol and Fe(iii) ions
Authors: Gogoi Chiranjib , Biswas Shyam
Published: September 2018

A quinoline based Zr(iv) MOF exhibited quick response, high selectivity and ultra-sensitivity for fluorometric detection of 4-nitrophenol and Fe3+ ions.
Exploration of the treatment of fish-canning industry effluents by aqueous-phase reforming using Pt/C catalysts
Authors: Oliveira A. S. , Baeza J. A. , Calvo L. , Alonso-Morales N. , Heras F. , Lemus J. , Rodriguez J. J. , Gilarranz M. A.
Published: September 2018

In the current work, an exploratory study on the application of catalytic aqueous phase reforming (APR) to the treatment of fish-canning wastewater was performed for the first time.
Using single-particle ICP-MS for monitoring metal-containing particles in tap water
Authors: Venkatesan Arjun K. , Rodríguez Blanca T. , Marcotte Aurelie R. , Bi Xiangyu , Schoepf Jared , Ranville James F. , Herckes Pierre , Westerhoff Paul
Published: September 2018

This study provides the feasibility of using a single-particle ICP-MS technique for convenient and routine monitoring of engineered nanomaterials in tap water.
Discovery of boron-containing compounds as Aβ aggregation inhibitors and antioxidants for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lu Chuan-Jun , Hu Jinhui , Wang Zechen , Xie Shishun , Pan Tingting , Huang Ling , Li Xingshu
Published: September 2018

A novel series of boron-containing compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease.
Raman, photoluminescence, and a.c. electrical studies of pure and l-serine doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate single crystals: an understanding of defect chemistry in hydrogen bonding
Authors: Joshi J. H. , Joshi G. M. , Joshi M. J. , Jethva H. O. , Parikh K. D.
Published: September 2018

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystals have a wide range of nonlinear optical applications.
Ultrafine Pt–Ni bimetallic nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for boosting electrochemical detection of dopamine in biological samples
Authors: Veera Manohara Reddy Y. , Sravani Bathinapatla , Maseed Hussen , Łuczak T. , Osińska M. , SubramanyamSarma L. , Srikanth V. V. S. S. , Madhavi G.
Published: September 2018

The present report demonstrates the development of a Pt–Ni/rGO composite electrochemical sensor for the detection of dopamine.
The many faces and important roles of protein–protein interactions during non-ribosomal peptide synthesis
Authors: Izoré Thierry , Cryle Max J.
Published: September 2018

Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) machineries are complex, multi-domain proteins that are responsible for the biosynthesis of many important, peptide-derived compounds. In this review, we present the current state of understanding of the protein–protein interactions that govern NRPS-mediated biosynthesis.
Cerium(iii)-directed assembly of glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters for sensing and imaging of alkaline phosphatase-mediated hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate
Authors: You Jyun-Guo , Lu Chi-Yu , Krishna Kumar A. Santhana , Tseng Wei-Lung
Published: September 2018

The aggregation-induced emission enhancement of glutathione-capped gold clusters triggered by cerium(iii) is well-suited for the detection of adenosine triphosphate-related enzymatic reactions.
Surface plasmon modes of nanomesh-on-mirror nanocavities prepared by nanosphere lithography
Authors: Stelling Christian , Fossati Stefan , Dostalek Jakub , Retsch Markus
Published: September 2018

Metal–insulator–metal structures prepared by self-assembly exhibit narrow gap plasmon modes, which are fully described by analytical theory.
Utilizing an effective framework to dye energy transfer in a carbazole-based metal–organic framework for high performance white light emission tuning
Authors: Xia Yu-Pei , Wang Chen-Xue , An Lian-Cai , Zhang Da-Shuai , Hu Tong-Liang , Xu Jialiang , Chang Ze , Bu Xian-He
Published: September 2018

By introducing dyes into a MOF, a white-light-emitting luminophor was obtained based on effective framework to dye energy transfer mechanism.
Rational construction of a porous lanthanide coordination polymer featuring reversible guest-dependent magnetic relaxation behavior
Authors: Ma Fang , Xiong Jin , Meng Yin-Shan , Yang Jing , Sun Hao-Ling , Gao Song
Published: September 2018

The adjustment of a magnetic relaxation pathway by guest molecules is found in a porous dysprosium complex constructed by hybrid ligands.
Manipulating the positions of CH⋯N in acceptors of pyrimidine–pyridine hybrids for highly efficient sky-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent OLEDs
Authors: Zhang Qing , Sun Shuaiqiang , Lv Xialei , Liu Wei , Zeng Hongxia , Guo Runda , Ye Shaofeng , Leng Panpan , Xiang Songpo , Wang Lei
Published: September 2018

Manipulating the positions of CH⋯N in acceptors along the orientation of the electron cloud distributions.
Synthesis and characterization of new polyimides from diphenylpyrene dianhydride and ortho methyl substituted diamines
Authors: Sulub-Sulub R. , Loría-Bastarrachea M. I. , Santiago-García J. L. , Aguilar-Vega M.
Published: September 2018

Three new polyimides were synthesized from 3,8-diphenylpyrene-1,2,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DPPD) with two diamines with ortho methyl substitution (MBDAM and HFI) and one diamine without ortho substituents (BAPHF).
Numerical analysis of anisotropic wetting of chemically striped surfaces
Authors: He Liang , Sui Xin , Liang Wenyan , Wang Zhenqing , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid
Published: September 2018

The stabilities and dynamic wetting behavior of anisotropic wetting are investigated using surface evolver.
Regio- and chemoselective Csp3–H arylation of benzylamines by single electron transfer/hydrogen atom transfer synergistic catalysis
Authors: Ide Takafumi , Barham Joshua P. , Fujita Masashi , Kawato Yuji , Egami Hiromichi , Hamashima Yoshitaka
Published: September 2018

Catalyst controlled regio-, and chemo-selective C-H arylation of benzylamines.
Merohedral icosahedral M48 (M = CoII, NiII) cage clusters supported by thiacalix[4]arene
Authors: Geng Dantong , Han Xu , Bi Yanfeng , Qin Yucai , Li Qiang , Huang Liangliang , Zhou Kun , Song Lijuan , Zheng Zhiping
Published: September 2018

Highest nuclearity M48 (M = CoII or NiII) cage clusters have been constructed by [12+18] condensation of twelve M4-p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene second building units (as vertices) and eighteen asymmetric 5-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)isophthalate ligands (as faces), showing a merohedral icosahedron-type framework.
Structure–function relationships of donor–acceptor Stenhouse adduct photochromic switches
Authors: Mallo Neil , Foley Eric D. , Iranmanesh Hasti , Kennedy Aaron D. W. , Luis Ena T. , Ho Junming , Harper Jason B. , Beves Jonathon E.
Published: September 2018

Surprisingly small structural changes in Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (DASAs) result in predictable, robust and effective photochromic switches.
Synergistic modulation in MX2 (where M = Mo or W or V, and X = S or Se) for an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Ran , Han Jiecai , Zhang Xinghong , Song Bo
Published: September 2018

In order to solve the energy crisis and reduce the environmental impact of the combustion of fossil fuels, the strategy of obtaining hydrogen using the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has great potential.
A new GFP fluorophore-based probe for lysosome labelling and tracing lysosomal viscosity in live cells
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Zhao Rongrong , Wang Yang , Huang Chusen
Published: September 2018

A new GFP (green fluorescent protein) fluorophore-based probe (Lys-V) was designed and synthesized for mapping lysosomal viscosity in live cells.
CRISPR-Cas immunity, DNA repair and genome stability
Authors: Cubbon Andrew , Ivancic-Bace Ivana , Bolt Edward L.
Published: September 2018

Co-opting of CRISPR-Cas ‘Interference’ reactions for editing the genomes of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells has highlighted crucial support roles for DNA repair systems that strive to maintain genome stability. As front-runners in genome editing that targets DNA, the class 2 CRISPR-Cas enzymes Cas9 and Cas12a rely on repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DDSBs) by host DNA repair enzymes, using mechanisms that vary in how well they are understood. Data are emerging about the identities of DNA repair enzymes that support genome editing in human cells. At the same time, it is becoming apparent that CRISPR-Cas systems functioning in their native environment, bacteria or archaea, also need DNA repair enzymes. In this short review, we survey how DNA repair and CRISPR-Cas systems are intertwined. We consider how understanding DNA repair and CRISPR-Cas interference reactions in nature might help improve the efficacy of genome editing procedures that utilise homologous or analogous systems in human and other cells.
Speed–Accuracy Trade-Offs and Adaptation Deficits in Aphasia: Finding the “Sweet Spot” Between Overly Cautious and Incautious Responding
Authors: Evans William S. , Hula William D. , Starns Jeffrey J.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

After stroke, how well do people with aphasia (PWA) adapt to the altered functioning of their language system? When completing a language-dependent task, how well do PWA balance speed and accuracy when the goal is to respond both as quickly and accurately as possible? The current work investigates adaptation theory (
Kolk & Heeschen, 1990
) in the context of speed–accuracy trade-offs in a lexical decision task. PWA were predicted to set less beneficial speed–accuracy trade-offs than matched controls, and at least some PWA were predicted to present with adaptation deficits, with impaired accuracy or response times attributable to speed–accuracy trade-offs.

Method

The study used the diffusion model (
Ratcliff, 1978
), a computational model of response time for simple 2-choice tasks. Parameters of the model can be used to distinguish basic processing efficiency from the overall level of caution in setting response thresholds and were used here to characterize speed–accuracy trade-offs in 20 PWA and matched controls during a lexical decision task.

Results

Models showed that PWA and matched control groups did not differ overall in how they set response thresholds for speed–accuracy trade-offs. However, case series analyses showed that 40% of the PWA group displayed the predicted adaptation deficits, with impaired accuracy or response time performance directly attributable to overly cautious or overly incautious response thresholds.

Conclusions

Maladaptive speed–accuracy trade-offs appear to be present in some PWA during lexical decision, leading to adaptation deficits in performance. These adaptation deficits are potentially treatable, and clinical implications and next steps for translational research are discussed.