bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Love and the Necessity of the Trinity: An A Posteriori Argument
Authors: Sijuwade Joshua Reginald
Published: November 2021

This article aims to provide an a posteriori argument from love for the Trinity. A reformulation of the argument from love is made by proposing a novel version of the argument that is situated within an objective, empirical, natural theological framework. Reformulating the argument in this specific manner will enable it to ward of an important objection that is often raised against it, and ultimately render this argument of great use in establishing the necessity of the Trinity.
An Urban Flooding Index for Unsupervised Inundated Urban Area Detection Using Sentinel-1 Polarimetric SAR Images
Authors: Zhang Hui , Qi Zhixin , Li Xia , Chen Yimin , Wang Xianwei , He Yingqing
Published: November 2021

Urban flooding causes a variation in radar return from urban areas. However, such variation has not been thoroughly examined for different polarizations because of the lack of polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) images and ground truth data simultaneously collected over flooded urban areas. This condition hinders not only the understanding of the effect mechanism of urban flooding under different polarizations but also the development of advanced methods that could improve the accuracy of inundated urban area detection. Using Sentinel-1 PolSAR and Jilin-1 high-resolution optical images acquired on the same day over flooded urban areas in Golestan, Iran, this study investigated the characteristics and mechanisms of the radar return changes induced by urban flooding under different polarizations and proposed a new method for unsupervised inundated urban area detection. This study found that urban flooding caused a backscattering coefficient increase (BCI) and interferometric coherence decrease (ICD) in VV and VH polarizations. Furthermore, VV polarization was more sensitive to the BCI and ICD than VH polarization. In light of these findings, the ratio between the BCI and ICD was defined as an urban flooding index (UFI), and the UFI in VV polarization was used for the unsupervised detection of flooded urban areas. The overall accuracy, detection accuracy, and false alarm rate attained by the UFI-based method were 96.93%, 91.09%, and 0.95%, respectively. Compared with the conventional unsupervised method based on the ICD and that based on the fusion of backscattering coefficients and interferometric coherences (FBI), the UFI-based method achieved higher overall accuracy. The performance of VV was evaluated and compared to that of VH in the flooded urban area detection using the UFI-, ICD-, and FBI-based methods, respectively. VV polarization produced higher overall accuracy than VH polarization in all the methods, especially in the UFI-based method. By using VV instead of VH polarization, the UFI-based method improved the detection accuracy by 38.16%. These results indicated that the UFI-based method improved flooded urban area detection by synergizing the BCI and ICD in VV polarization.
Identifying Urban Functional Areas in China’s Changchun City from Sentinel-2 Images and Social Sensing Data
Authors: Chang Shouzhi , Wang Zongming , Mao Dehua , Liu Fusheng , Lai Lina , Yu Hao
Published: November 2021

The urban functional area is critical to an understanding of the complex urban system, resource allocation, and management. However, due to urban surveys’ focus on geographic objects and the mixture of urban space, it is difficult to obtain such information. The function of a place is determined by the activities that take place there. This study employed mobile phone signaling data to extract temporal features of human activities through discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Combined with the features extracted from the point of interest (POI) data and Sentinel images, the urban functional areas of Changchun City were identified using a random forest (RF) model. The results indicate that integrating features derived from remote sensing and social sensing data can effectively improve the identification accuracy and that features derived from dynamic mobile phone signaling have a higher identification accuracy than those derived from POI data. The human activity characteristics on weekends are more distinguishable for different functional areas than those on weekdays. The identified urban functional layout of Changchun is consistent with the actual situation. The residential functional area has the highest proportion, accounting for 33.51%, and is mainly distributed in the central area, while the industrial functional area and green-space are distributed around.
Evidence of Climate Change Based on Lake Surface Temperature Trends in South Central Chile
Authors: Aranda Arnaldo , Rivera-Ruiz Daniela , Rodríguez-López Lien , Pedreros Pablo , Arumí-Ribera José , Morales-Salinas Luis , Fuentes-Jaque Guillermo , Urrutia Roberto
Published: November 2021

Lake temperature has proven to act as a good indicator of climate variability and change. Thus, a surface temperature analysis at different temporal scales is important, as this parameter influences the physical, chemical, and biological cycles of lakes. Here, we analyze monthly, seasonal, and annual surface temperature trends in south central Chilean lakes during the 2000–2016 period, using MODIS satellite imagery. To this end, 14 lakes with a surface area greater than 10 km2 were examined. Results show that 12 of the 14 lakes presented a statistically significant increase in surface temperature, with a rate of 0.10 °C/decade (0.01 °C/year) over the period. Furthermore, some of the lakes in the study present a significant upward trend in surface temperature, especially in spring, summer, and winter. In general, a significant increase in surface water temperature was found in lakes located at higher altitudes, such as Maule, Laja and Galletué lakes. These results contribute to the provision of useful data on Chilean lakes for managers and policymakers.
Big Data Analytics from a Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Wongburi Praewa , Park Jae K.
Published: November 2021

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) use considerable workforces and resources to meet the regulatory limits without mistakes. The advancement of information technology allowed for collecting large amounts of data from various sources using sophisticated sensors. Due to the lack of specialized tools and knowledge, operators and engineers cannot effectively extract meaningful and valuable information from large datasets. Unfortunately, the data are often stored digitally and then underutilized. Various data analytics techniques have been developed in the past few years. The methods are efficient for analyzing vast datasets. However, there is no wholly developed study in applying these techniques to assist wastewater treatment operation. Data analytics processes can immensely transform a large dataset into informative knowledge, such as hidden information, operational problems, or even a predictive model. The use of big data analytics will allow operators to have a much clear understanding of the operational status while saving the operation and maintenance costs and reducing the human resources required. Ultimately, the method can be applied to enhance the operational performance of the wastewater treatment infrastructure.
Factors Influencing Cycling among Secondary School Adolescents in an Ethnically Diverse City: The Perspective of Birmingham Transport Stakeholders
Authors: Fasan Esther , Tight Miles , Evdorides Harry
Published: November 2021

Despite strategies and schemes to increase cycling among adolescents in England, the levels of cycling among secondary school adolescents in various cities is low. This study aims to understand the factors influencing cycling among Birmingham secondary school adolescents from the perspectives of local transport stakeholders promoting cycling among secondary school adolescents. In 2019, 14 local transport stakeholders promoting cycling among secondary school adolescents in Birmingham participated in a semi-structured interview. The discussions focused on barriers and facilitators to increasing cycling among secondary school adolescents for school and non-school travel. Thematic content analysis was performed using NVIVO 12. The five-level socio-ecological model provided the framework for the analysis, resulting in five main themes. The study found the majority of the schemes and programs organised to increase cycling among secondary school adolescents focused on promoting school travel, with less focus on non-school travel. It was noted that cycling for leisure was more appealing to adolescents than utility cycling. Future interventions should include cycling promotion for non-school travel. In addition, increased support for leisure cycling may increase the overall appeal and enthusiasm of cycling among adolescents.
Acceptance of Main Power Generation Sources among Japan’s Undergraduate Students: The Roles of Knowledge, Experience, Trust, and Perceived Risk and Benefit
Authors: Watanabe Reeko , Watanabe Tsunemi , Wakui Kyohei
Published: November 2021

In Japan, graduates who become independent professionals in society have the right to choose energy providers given the liberalization of the electricity market in the country. This issue renders student perceptions regarding various types of energy generation a critical factor for decision making. Accordingly, we explored the risk and benefit perceptions of undergraduates regarding Japan’s main energy resources, namely, liquid natural gas (LNG), coal, hydropower, solar and nuclear resources, and petroleum. We also assessed energy acceptance among the target population and its influencing factors, such as student age and gender, school department, hometown, knowledge and experience of main power sources in Japan, and trust in government and power plant operation. These objectives were accomplished through field surveys and empirical characterizations of energy acceptance determinants. Compared with risk perception, benefit perception regarding all kinds of power generation was significantly predicted by knowledge. Experience explained only the perception of benefit from coal power generation, and benefit perception more strongly predicted energy acceptance than did risk perception. The findings suggested the necessity of university energy education programs for increased student knowledge of energy sources. Energy companies should increase energy benefits from economic, environmental, and energy security and safety perspectives to enhance energy acceptance among students. On the basis of the results, we classified energy sources in Japan into obscure (LNG and petroleum), well-known (coal and nuclear), and exploratory (hydropower and solar) resources—a first in the energy field and contributory to energy education design.
Motivations and Future Intentions in Sport Event Volunteering: A Systematic Review
Authors: Angosto Salvador , Bang Hyejin , Bravo Gonzalo A. , Díaz-Suárez Arturo , López-Gullón José María
Published: November 2021

Understanding the future intentions of individuals who are part of a sport organization is a critical step for the success and the accomplishment of the goals of such organizations, particularly for sporting events that highly depend on the work of volunteers. Therefore, it is important to determine which factors motivate an individual to volunteer, as well as the intentions volunteers have to continue volunteering for sporting events or other similar organizations. This study conducted a systematic review of literature on studies that have examined the motivation and future intentions of volunteering in sporting events. The PRISMA methodology was used to develop this review. It included 30 studies from 2007 to 2020, and all the studies examined these two constructs using different types of quantitative methodologies. Moreover, most of these studies were conducted by scholars in the United States and Australia, and the VMS-ISE was the most used instrument for collecting data. Many of the studies did not include a theoretical framework relating motivation and future intentions to other constructs. The results of this systematic review provide new insights regarding the state of studies that have examined future intentions related to volunteering in sporting events, particularly regarding how to plan future investigations of volunteers’ motivation and future intention in the context of sporting events.
Impact of Empowering Leadership, Innovative Work, and Organizational Learning Readiness on Sustainable Economic Performance: An Empirical Study of Companies in Russia during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Faulks Baira , Song Yinghua , Waiganjo Moses , Obrenovic Bojan , Godinic Danijela
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic shocked the global economy, with numerous companies suffering losses and shutting down. However, some companies proved to be resilient, being able to sustain their economic performance despite the pandemic. The study aims to explain the sustainable economic performance of companies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationships between empowering leadership, innovative work behavior, organizational readiness to change, and sustainable economic performance were assessed. The data were collected via an online questionnaire from January 2021 to March 2021, during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. The respondents were Russian companies’ employees holding management positions, competent to objectively assess organizational circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 337 was used in the analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood estimation was conducted using SPSS AMOS. The structural model was tested with standardized parameter estimates, standard errors, and p-values calculated. The findings of the study suggest that innovative work behavior and organizational readiness to learn have a direct influence on sustainable economic performance. The findings also suggest that empowering leadership impacts innovative work behavior but not sustainable economic performance. The mediation analysis indicates that innovative work behavior is a mediator between empowering leadership and sustainable economic performance, whereas organizational readiness to learn is not a moderator. The study adds to the leadership and sustainability body of knowledge and contributes to the research on the COVID-19 pandemic in the organizational context.
A Systematic Review of Effective Instructional Interventions in Supporting Kindergarten English Learners’ English Oral Language Development
Authors: Wang Zhuoying
Published: November 2021

In this systematic review, we explore research on effective interventions and approaches targeting kindergarten English Learners’ (EL) English oral language development. A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The review summarizes the common characteristics of a practical intervention that could be applied to support kindergarten Els’ English oral language development. In addition, we summarize the measurements that were applied to measure Els’ oral language proficiency in English. However, future research using a longitudinal design is needed to determine the long-term impact of quality intervention on ELs’, especially those with limited resources, oral language development.
Chaos in the Real World: Recent Applications to Communications, Computing, Distributed Sensing, Robotic Motion, Bio-Impedance Modelling and Encryption Systems
Authors: Grassi Giuseppe
Published: November 2021

Most of the papers published so far in literature have focused on the theoretical phenomena underlying the formation of chaos, rather than on the investigation of potential applications of chaos to the real world. This paper aims to bridge the gap between chaos theory and chaos applications by presenting a survey of very recent applications of chaos. In particular, the manuscript covers the last three years by describing different applications of chaos as reported in the literature published during the years 2018 to 2020, including the matter related to the symmetry properties of chaotic systems. The topics covered herein include applications of chaos to communications, to distributed sensing, to robotic motion, to bio-impedance modelling, to hardware implementation of encryption systems, to computing and to random number generation.
A Comprehensive Comparison of Period Extraction Algorithms for Asteroids with Long Term Observation
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Liming , Sun Tianqi , Zhang Pengfei , Fang Xi , Cheng Liyun , Jiang Bin
Published: November 2021

The light curve period of an asteroid plays an important role in determining the rotation period, the collision evolution and the YORP effect. There are many period extraction algorithms used to find the light curve period of asteroids with long term observation, which are mainly based on the frequency, time and time–frequency domains. This paper presents a comprehensive and unparalleled comparison of the popular algorithms based on the DAMIT (Database of Asteroid Models from Inversion Techniques) data set to show the statistical results. Considering the quoted period, absolute magnitude, diameter, albedo, time span and number of observations, we analyze the accuracy of five popular methods using the light curve data of 2902 asteroids. We find that although the performance of all the algorithms varies little, Phase Dispersion Minimization (PDM) performs better, followed by Lomb-Scargle (LS), while Conditional Entropy (CE) is not better than the others under certain conditions. We also analyze the cases which are more suitable for searching by frequencies or by periods.
Removal of Cd (II) Ions from Bioretention System by Clay and Soil Wettability
Authors: Xu Tong , Yu Jiacheng , Cai Dongjian , You Zhaoyang , Shah Kinjal J.
Published: November 2021

In this work, a silane modifier with benzyl substitutes (OFS-B) and linear substitutes (OFS-L) was used to modify bentonite clay and soil, and the results were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR) and powder-X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. A contact angle analysis was performed to determine the wettability of modified clay and soil. The findings revealed that silane-modified OFS-L clay and soil produced wettable surfaces, while OFS-B exhibited hydrophobic properties. These clays and soils were used in a bioretention system for Cd (II) removal. In the study, seven different types of bioretention systems, including natural, OFS-L, and OFS-B modified clay and soil, as well as natural, OFS-L, and OFS-B modified soil, were applied to Cyperus alternifolius plants without an additional layer. The removal capacity of Cd (II) was measured in the following order: modified clay > modified soil > original clay/soil > no layer, i.e., 99.48%, 92.22%, 88.10/78.5%, and 30.0%, respectively. OFS-L removed more Cd (II) than OFS-B during the modification. OFS-L now improves the bioavailability and accumulation of Cd (II) in the plant (18.5 µg/g) and has a higher chlorophyll-b concentration (1.92 mg/g fresh weight) than other systems. The wettable clay exhibited clay leaching into the various levels of the bioretention system. In the bioretention system, benzyl substituted clay prevented the penetration of water and formed a Cd (II) agglomeration. When compared to non-wettable modifiers, these results indicated that wettable clay material could be a capable material for removing Cd (II).
Evapotranspiration and Quantitative Partitioning of Spring Maize with Drip Irrigation under Mulch in an Arid Region of Northwestern China
Authors: Xuan Chenggong , Ding Risheng , Shao Jie , Liu Yanshuo
Published: November 2021

To examine evapotranspiration (ETc), soil evaporation (Es), and transpiration (Tr), and partitioning of ETc, a two-year field experiment was carried out in a maize field with drip irrigation under mulch in an arid region of northwestern China in 2017 and 2018. In the experiment we designed two treatments with full irrigation (T1) and growth stage-based strategic regulated deficit irrigation (T2). The applied irrigation of T2 was 40% of the T1 during both late vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Based on the measurements of soil water content (SWC) and Tr, a dual crop coefficient model (SIMDualKc) was calibrated and validated, and daily ETc, Es, and Tr were estimated. The model can simulate well the dynamic variations of SWC and Tr. The calibrated basic crop coefficient at the initial, mid-season, and end growth stages was 0.2, 1.15, and 0.75, respectively. The ETc was 507.9 and 519.1 mm for the T1 treatment, and 428.9 and 430.9 mm for the T2 treatment. The ratios of Tr to ETc were higher for the two treatments, ~90%, for two years. Collectively, both drip irrigation under mulch and strategic deficit irrigation after canopy covering of the ground can significantly reduce the ineffective proportion of ETc and Es.
Cyanobacterial Biomass as a Potential Biosorbent for the Removal of Recalcitrant Dyes from Water
Authors: Diaz-Uribe Carlos , Angulo Barni , Patiño Karen , Hernández Vincent , Vallejo William , Gallego-Cartagena Euler , Romero Bohórquez Arnold R. , Zarate Ximena , Schott Eduardo
Published: November 2021

The accumulation of cyanobacteria produced due to eutrophication processes and the increment of different pollutants in water as a result of industrial processes affects aquatic environments such as the ocean, rivers, and swamps. In this work, cyanobacterial biomass was used as a biosorbent for the removal of a commercial dye, methylene blue (MB). Thus, MB was removed from biomass obtained from cyanobacterial samples collected from the swamp located in the Colombian Caribbean. Spectroscopical techniques such as FTIR, SEM, EDX measurements were used for the physico-chemical characterization of the bio-adsorbent material. Furthermore, we present the effect of various adsorption parameters such as pH, MB dose, time, and adsorbent concentration on the adsorbent equilibrium process. Three different isotherm models were used to model the MB adsorption on biomass. The functional groups identified on biomass suggest that these models are suitable for the characterization of the sorption of cationic dyes on the surfaces of the biomass; in addition, an SEM assay showed the heterogeneous surface of the biomass’ morphology. The equilibrium tests suggested a multilayer type adsorption of MB on the biomass surface. The kinetics results show that a pseudo-second order kinetic model was suitable to describe the MB adsorption on the biomass surface. Finally, the herein obtained results give an alternative to resolve the eutrophication problems generated by cyanobacterial growth in the swamp “Ciénaga de Malambo”.
A Hybrid Model for Achieving Universal Safe Drinking Water in the Medium-Sized City of Bangangté (Cameroon)
Authors: Nya Esther Laurentine , Feumba Roger , Fotsing Kwetché Pierre René , Gwenzi Willis , Noubactep Chicgoua
Published: November 2021

Providing everyone with safe drinking water is a moral imperative. Yet, sub-Saharan Africa seems unable to achieve “safe drinking water for all” by 2030. This sad situation calls for a closer examination of the water supply options for both rural and urban populations. Commonly, two main aspects are considered: (1) behavioural responses to available or potential water supply options, and (2) socio-economic acceptability. These aspects determine the feasibility and the affordability of bringing safe drinking water as a basic good and human right to everyone. There is a broad consensus that achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 is mostly a financial issue, especially in low-income settings. This communication challenges this view as water is available everywhere and affordable treatment options are well-known. It considers the decentralized water supply model as a reference or standard approach in low-income settings rather than as an alternative. Here, the medium-sized city of Bangangté in the western region of Cameroon is used to demonstrate that universal safe drinking water will soon be possible. In fact, during the colonial period, the residences of the elite and the main institutions, including the administrative quarter, churches, and hospital, have been supplied with clean water from various local sources. All that is needed is to consider everyone as important or accept safe drinking water as human right. First, we present a historical background on water supply in the colonial period up to 1980. Second, the drinking water supply systems and water demand driven by population growth are discussed. Finally, a hybrid model for the achieving of universal access to clean drinking water, and preconditions for its successful implementation, are presented. Overall, this communication calls for a shift from safe drinking water supply approaches dominated by centralized systems, and presents a transferable hybrid model to achieve universal clean drinking water.
The Alliance of Community-Owned Water Services in Europe: Opportunities and Challenges Based on the Irish Perspective
Authors: Deane Barry , Mac Domhnaill Brian
Published: November 2021

The foundation of the Alliance of Community-Owned Water Services in Europe (ACOWAS-EU), established during the consultation period for the 2020 recast of the European Drinking Water Directive, has shone a new light on community-owned drinking water supplies (CoDWS). CoDWS are drinking water supplies that are administered, managed, and owned by the local community membership that each supply serves. This paper reviews the presence of CoDWS within the five founding regions of ACOWAS-EU—Austria, Denmark, Finland, Galicia in Spain, and Ireland—and the co-operative model structure that underpins the sector. Although the co-operative structure for CoDWS has been prominent since the mid-20th century (and sometimes even earlier), there is a dearth of research into the sector’s importance and existence in an international context. Through a detailed case study, the Irish CoDWS sector (known in Ireland as the group water scheme sector) is analysed in depth, in terms of both its evolution and the opportunities and challenges it faces today. Areas, such as water quality, biodiversity, education, and community-involvement are discussed in particular, providing key learnings that may also be of benefit to the other CoDWS sectors within ACOWAS-EU and further afield.
Decoupling the Monitoring of Solar Water Heaters and their Usage Profiles
Authors: Nwodo Julian C. , Overen Ochuko K. , Meyer Edson L.
Published: November 2021

South Africa is the most technologically advanced nation in Africa. However, the country is plagued with constant load shedding. The country receives about 2500 sunshine hours annually, with daily average irradiation levels of 4.5–6.5 kWh/m2. Despite these potentials, the use of electricity for domestic water heating is still prevalent in the country. The mass rollout of solar water heating (SWH) technologies in the low-cost housing sector across the country were met with massive failures. This study aims to assess the energy yield of a passive flat plate and an evacuated tube solar water heating system by evaluating the performance of these systems to address the energy crisis in South Africa. The flat plate (FP) and evacuated tube (ET) solar water heating systems were monitored for four days, characterised by varying sky conditions through instantaneous data measurement at 5 s. The parameters measured were water temperature, ambient temperature, irradiance at the plane of array, relative humidity, wind speed and direction. The results obtained show that a maximum irradiance of 1050 W/m2 was obtained on a clear day and corresponded to a hot water temperature of about 58 °C and 65 °C for the FP and ET, respectively. However, a cloudy day with a maximum irradiance of 400 W/m2 produced about 22 °C and 29 °C of hot water for the FP and ET, respectively. The results obtained in this study will guide stakeholders in the renewable energy sector towards employing SWH systems to replace or augment the electric geyser. Solar water heaters (SWH) can be used in the low-cost housing sector to provide hot water. Hence, the assessments in this study offer essential information for the deployment of these systems to reduce demand on the ailing South African electricity utility, Eskom, and mitigate climate change.
Characterization and Polyculture Analysis of Microalgae Strains Based on Biomass Production and Nutrient Consumption, and Bacterial Community in Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Liu Weixing , Fu Dafang , Pan Ting , Singh Rajendra Prasad
Published: November 2021

Polyculture of microalgae could enhance biomass production. It is crucial to select the proper combination of microbial polyculture which can achieve a positive impact. Ten microalgae suitable for healthy growth in municipal wastewater were selected. Simulated wastewater was used to conduct experiments on the cultivation of single microalgae. Possible combinations of microalgae were analyzed from three aspects: the potential for conversion into biofuels, the consumption of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the structure of microalgae bacterial communities. From the perspective of converting to biocrude, Leptolyngbya boryana with high protein content was found unsuitable as a biomass raw material. Non-metric multidimensional scale analysis of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus consumption shows the preference of the microalgae community for the use of nitrogen and phosphorus. By analyzing the bacterial community structure, it was found that microalgae have a significant impact on the bacterial community. We believe that it is more likely to improve the production efficiency of microalgae by establishing the combination of microalgae with high biocrude conversion efficiency, different nitrogen and phosphorus utilization preferences, and large difference in bacterial community structure.
Comparison of Three Daily Rainfall-Runoff Hydrological Models Using Four Evapotranspiration Models in Four Small Forested Watersheds with Different Land Cover in South-Central Chile
Authors: Flores Neftali , Rodríguez Rolando , Yépez Santiago , Osores Victor , Rau Pedro , Rivera Diego , Balocchi Francisco
Published: November 2021

We used the lumped rainfall–runoff hydrologic models Génie Rural à 4, 5, 6 paramètres Journalier (GR4J, GR5J and GR6J) to evaluate the most robust model for simulating discharge on four forested small catchments (<40 ha) in south-central Chile. Different evapotranspiration methods were evaluated: Oudin, Hargreaves–Samani and Priestley–Taylor. Oudin’s model allows the achievement of the highest efficiencies in the flow simulation. The more sensitive parameters for each model were identified through a Generalized Probability Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) model. Our results demonstrate that the three hydrological models were capable of efficiently simulating flow in the four study catchments. However, the GR6J model obtained the most satisfactory results in terms of simulated to measured streamflow closeness. In general, the three models tended to underestimate peak flow, as well as underestimate and overestimate flow events in most of the in situ observations, according to the probability of non-exceedance. We also evaluated the models’ performance in a simulation of summer discharge due to the importance of downstream water supply in the months of greatest scarcity. Again, we found that GR6J obtained the most efficient simulations.
Effects of Seasonal Thermal Stratification on Nitrogen Transformation and Diffusion at the Sediment-Water Interface in a Deep Canyon Artificial Reservoir of Wujiang River Basin
Authors: Hou Yongmei , Liu Xiaolong , Chen Sainan , Ren Jie , Bai Li , Li Jun , Gu Yongbo , Wei Lai
Published: November 2021

Watershed-scale nitrogen pollution in aquatic systems has become a worldwide concern due to its continuous impact on water quality deterioration, while the knowledge of key influencing factors dominating nitrogen transportation and transformation at the sediment-water interface (SWI) remains limited, especially in impounded rivers with an artificial reservoir. Hence, for a better understanding of the effects of thermal stratification on nitrogen transformation, we investigated the nitrogen species and isotopes in the sediment of a deep reservoir in Southwest China. Our results confirmed a significant difference in nitrogen species and isotopic composition in sediment between those in the thermal stratification period and non-thermal stratification period and indicated that the sediment biogeochemical process and transportation were clearly linked to the variations in water temperature and dissolved oxygen dominated by the process of thermal stratification. Significant seasonal differences in NH4+-N and NO3−-N in pore water of the upper layer (0–19 cm) revealed that nitrification exhausted NH4+ in the non-stratified period (NSP), and a potential low mineralization rate appeared when compared with those in the stratified period (SP). Seasonal differences in nitrogen species and isotope fractionation of δ15N-PON (about 2.3‰ in SP) in the upper layer sediment indicated a higher anaerobic mineralization rate of organic matter in SP than that in NSP. The diffusion fluxes of NH4+-N at SWI were 9.48 and 15.66 mg·m−2·d−1 in NSP and SP, respectively, and annual NH4+-N diffusion accounted for 21.8% of total storage in the reservoir. This study demonstrated that the nitrogen cycling processes, especially nitrification, denitrification, and mineralization, have been largely altered along with the changes in dissolved oxygen and that the diffusion of nitrogen species varied with the presence of the oxygen. The results contribute to the future study of watershed nitrogen budget evaluation and suggest that the endogenous nitrogen released from the sediment-water interface should be emphasized when aiming to fulfil water management policies in deep reservoirs.
Health Impact of Drying Aral Sea: One Health and Socio-Economical Approach
Authors: Anchita  , Zhupankhan Aibek , Khaibullina Zhaniya , Kabiyev Yerlan , Persson Kenneth M. , Tussupova Kamshat
Published: November 2021

Once one of the largest saline lakes, the Aral Sea, was recognized as a significant environmental disaster as the water level decreased dramatically. Water level decrease increases water salinity, affecting biodiversity. Exposed lake beds become the source for fine dust picked up by the dust storms and spread across a long distance, affecting people’s health in surrounding areas. This review paper attempts to evaluate the potential links between the Aral Sea shrinking and the existing health issues in the case of Kazakhstan. The literature-based research revealed that the population of the Aral Sea basin region has been suffering from exposure to various pollutant residues for a long time. There is an apparent increase in morbidity and mortality rates in the region, especially in people suffering from chronic illness. Furthermore, the catastrophic desiccation of the Aral Sea has led to the sharp deterioration in living conditions and negative trends in the socio-economic situation of the region’s population. While the dust storms spread the polluted salts from the exposed bottom across the Aral Sea region, specific contaminants define the relevance and importance of public health problems linked to the basin rather than the Aral Sea drying process. There is, however, no clear evidence that associated dust storms are the only primary source of the deterioration of people’s health. Moreover, One Health approach seems to play a crucial role in achieving better outcomes in the health of people and the health of the environment.
State-of-Health Estimate for the Lithium-Ion Battery Using Chi-Square and ELM-LSTM
Authors: Jiang Jianfeng , Zhao Shaishai , Zhang Chaolong
Published: November 2021

The state-of-health (SOH) estimation is of extreme importance for the performance maximization and upgrading of lithium-ion battery. This paper is concerned with neural-network-enabled battery SOH indication and estimation. The insight that motivates this work is that the chi-square of battery voltages of each constant current-constant voltage phrase and mean temperature could reflect the battery capacity loss effectively. An ensemble algorithm composed of extreme learning machine (ELM) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is utilized to capture the underlying correspondence between the SOH, mean temperature and chi-square of battery voltages. NASA battery data and battery pack data are used to demonstrate the estimation procedures and performance of the proposed approach. The results show that the proposed approach can estimate the battery SOH accurately. Meanwhile, comparative experiments are designed to compare the proposed approach with the separate used method, and the proposed approach shows better estimation performance in the comparisons.
Study on a New Static Sealing Method and Sealing Performance Evaluation Model for PEMFC
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Zhao Jinghui , Wang Yichun , Ke Yuchao , Wang Zixi
Published: November 2021

The long-term stability and durability of seals are critical for various instruments and types of equipment. For static sealing, an important sealing state, there are currently two representative sealing methods, namely, pre-compressing static sealing and adhesive static sealing. In this paper, the characteristics and shortcomings of these sealing methods are summarized. At present, some static sealing requirements are urgent and difficult. For example, the deterioration of the sealing performance is an important factor which limits the service life of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and redox flow batteries. Therefore, a new method of static sealing whose sealing materials are rubber elastomers is proposed, named alterable static sealing. Then, its sealing processes are proposed. Furthermore, the actual contact area ratio r is used as the standard for sealability. Based on the mathematical model of pre-compressing static sealing, the influence of interface bonding was considered, and the mathematical model of alterable static sealing was established. Moreover, the compensatory effect of alterable static sealing on the static sealing capacity of rubber elastomers was proved.
The role of monoamines in the development of complicated pregnancy in chronic arterial hypertension
Authors: Chebotareva Yu.Yu. , Podgorny G.I. , Podgorny I.V. , Letifov G.M.
Published: November 2021

In the Russian Federation, the frequency of hypertensive disorders during gestation is 7-29%, while 80% of cases are chronic arterial hypertension. The mechanism of the complicated course of pregnancy in hypertensive disorders is not clear and is debatable. The article presents the features of the monoamine status in pre-pregnant women with chronic arterial hypertension.
Current state and trends of occupational incidence in the Samara region
Authors: Babanov Sergey Anatolievich
Published: November 2021

At present, the preservation and strengthening of the health of the working population is one of the priority tasks of health care in the Russian Federation, including in the Samara region. Up to 39.7 % of the country's working-age population work in conditions that do not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements. Unsatisfactory working conditions are the main reason for the development of occupational diseases among the working population in the Samara region. 42 acute occupational diseases with permanent disability, including 13 acute occupational diseases with fatal outcomes from the biological factor «novel coronavirus infection caused by the COVID-19 virus», are registered in the workers of medical institutions. In the Samara region, there is a low detection rate of occupational diseases revealed in the course of preventive medical examinations — 43.08 %, this figure remains below the national average — 59.31 %.
Biblical Patriotism: An Evangelical Alternative to Nationalism
Authors: Wyatt Adam
Published: November 2021

In the Deep South of the United States, there has been a strong respect placed on the value of God and country, and this was always seen as a virtue. However, over the past few years, a healthy view of patriotism has blurred with concepts of nationalism. In a deeply divided nation, how should the Christian church view patriotism? These are weighty questions that need to be answered from a biblically evangelical perspective. This book seeks to take a comprehensive look at the topic by examining how the Bible frames patriotic duty as a proper alternative to both nationalism and cosmopolitanism. Both are misguided as nationalism seeks to exalt one's country against others while cosmopolitanism seeks to ignore divinely-ordained boundaries. This book also investigates how American history has framed the popular discourse about patriotism, which has resulted in both American unity and division. Biblical concepts such as loyalty in friendships, family, and land will be considered as a way to make sense of the nature of healthy patriotism. Approaching the subject with the Apostle Paul in mind, who was himself a dual-citizen in his own day, this book then explores the concept of patriotism with a discussion of two contemporary moral issues: the role of the flag in the church and the prevalence of patriotic liturgy.
PENGARUH METODE KONTRASEPSI, LAMA PENGGUNAAN KONTRASEPSI TERHADAP KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA IBU PASANGAN USIA SUBUR DIPUSKESMAS PULO BRAYAN TAHUN 2020
Authors: Simamora Debora Lestari , Warnelis Elfalini
Published: November 2021

Based on data from Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan, the number of hypertension sufferers in the last 3 years has increased. In 2018 the number of hypertension sufferers was 378 people, in 2019 there were 384 people, and in 2020 there were 394 people. Of the 394 patients with hypertension, 214 were women of PUS. There are many factors that are thought to be the cause of hypertension in women with PUS, such as the use of contraceptives. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of duration of use of contraceptives, contraceptive methods, duration of use of contraception, on the incidence of hypertension in women with fertility. This research is an analytical research and is quantitative in nature with a case control design (case control). The research was conducted in the area of ​​Pulo Brayan Health Center, Medan. The study population was 8,547 people and the sample was obtained as many as 166 people who were divided into 2 groups, each 83 people. Data analysis used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi-square. The results showed that the duration of use of contraception, the method of contraception, the duration of use of contraception, had an effect on the incidence of hypertension in PUS mothers in the Pulo Brayan Public Health Center, Medan, p <0.05. The variable with the greatest influence in this study was the variable body mass index (BMI) which had a value of Exp (B) = 20.639 (95% CI = 5.850-72.823). It is recommended to the Head of Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan to inform PUS mothers who use hormonal contraceptives such as pills and injections to carry out routine blood pressure checks at the puskesmas so that early detection of other complications that can accompany an increase in blood pressure.
Penguatan Pengetahuan dan Keaktifan SADARI Remaja Putri di Gresik
Authors: Yuliati Luluk , Yunita Nourma , Desimbriana Twelvi , Savitri Rizqi Aulia
Published: November 2021

Aktif melakukan pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI) merupakan langkah utama dalam upaya deteksi dini kanker payudara. Hal ini akan memberikan hasil yang lebih baik jika dilakukan sejak usia muda yaitu remaja. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui metode apakah yang paling efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahun remaja tentang deteksi dini kanker payudara dan keaktifan untuk melakukan SADARI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian experimental dengan menggunakan desain penelitian Post test only control group design. 40 siswa perempuan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok: kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok P1 (metode video), kelompok P2 (metode demonstrasi), kelompok P3 (metode video dan demonstrasi). Data diuji dengan general multivariate analyze manova one way dan dilakukan uji lanjut dengan metode Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian edukasi dengan metode video, demonstrasi ataupun kombinasi keduanya dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang SADARI dan keaktifan siswa melakukan SADARI. Metode edukasi yang paling efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan adalah dengan media video dengan nilai p= 0,002, sementara untuk metode edukasi yang paling efektif untuk meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam melakukan SADARI adalah dengan kombinasi metode video dan demonstrasi dengan p< 0,0001. Upaya peningkatan perilaku remaja yang sadar akan kesehatan reproduksinya masih perlu untuk terus ditingkatkan, penggunaan metode yang aktif dan menarik lainnya dapat dicoba untuk terus dikembangkan.
Hubungan usia awal pemberian MP-ASI dengan kejadian diare di Desa Lubuk Palas Kec. Silau Laut Tahun 2021
Authors: Sinaga Eliza Bestari , Safari Fifi Ria Ningsih
Published: November 2021

Complementary Foods for Mother's Milk (MP-ASI) are foods or drinks that contain nutrients, which are given to infants to meet their nutritional needs. MP-ASI is given along with breast milk from 6 months to 24 months. As babies get older, after babies are 6 months old, they are introduced to complementary foods to meet their nutritional needs. The impact of giving MP-ASI too early is more frequent constipation, diarrhea, constipation, cough, runny nose and fever, compared to babies who are only exclusively breastfed. This study aims to determine the relationship between early complementary feeding and the incidence of diarrhea in Lubuk Palas Village, Silau Laut District in 2021. This type of research was cross sectional with a correlational study design. The population in this study were all mothers who had babies 0-6 months who lived in Lubuk Palas Village, Silau Laut District in 2021, as many as 35 people, while the samples taken in the study were all mothers who had babies under 0-6 months as many as 35 people. The results showed that there was a relationship between the availability of clean water and healthy latrines with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five. There is a relationship between early age of complementary feeding and the incidence of diarrhea in Lubuk Palas Village, Silau Laut District in 2021. It is expected that mothers who have babies at an early age in Lubuk Palas Village, Silau Laut District, should try to give exclusive breastfeeding until the baby is 6 months old.
ANALISIS HASIL PEMERIKSAAN FISIK DAN LABORATORIUM DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DERAJAT I DAN II DI RSUD H. SAHUDIN KUTACANE TAHUN 2021
Authors: Joharsah Joharsah , Lestari Fika , Cane Purnama Sari
Published: November 2021

Dengue fever is a severe fever that is often deadly, caused by a virus, characterized by capillary permeability, hemostasis abnormalities and in severe cases, shock syndrome loss of protein. The disease is divided into several degrees. To ensure patients suffer from DENGUE disease, it is necessary to perform physical and laboratory examinations such as hematology tests. This study aims to analyze the results of physical examinations and laboratories of DBD degrees I and II at H.Sahudin Kutacane Hospital. The study used descriptive methods with a Cross Sectional approach. Accidental sampling and the number of samples obtained is 20 respondents, among others, degrees I and II are 10 respondents. The data collection tool is carried out using observation sheets including demographic data, physical examination of DBD degrees I and II, and normal standard numbers and laboratory examination units of Amanah Kutacane Clinic. The results of research conducted from a physical examination of DBD degrees I and II show signs and symptoms of DENGUD disease that appear differently because in addition to the condition of a person's body response is different, It may also be because it has been given symptomatic and supportive treatment, while the laboratory results of DBD degrees I and II are only platelets whose value is low from normal numbers (150,000-450,000/μl) of 88,500/μl and 42,300/μl respectively and these laboratory results are affected by adequate fluid and oxygen intake and nutritious food intake so as to support proper administration of action/management