bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODEL DISTRIBUSI DIAMETER LIMA JENIS POHON PADA HUTAN TROPIKA BASAH DI KABUPATEN MAMUJU, SULAWESI BARAT
Authors: Putranto Beta
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research is to establish the most suitable tree diameter distribution model for five tree species on tropical rain forest in Mamuju District. This research was conducted on two locations. The 50 square plots were sampled systematically for seedling, sapling, pole and tree measurements of bintangur, jambu-jambu, lada-lada, matoa and nyatoh species. The distance among plots was 50 m. Variables to be measured were stem number of seedlings to trees and tree diameter at breast height (1,3 m) of saplings to trees. About 70% of the data were used to establish the best model, the rest of 30% were used to validate the model. Models to be analyzed were fourth-order semi-logarithmic transformed polynomial function, Weibull density function and monotonic decreasing Weibull function. The results show that the five tree species have a similar diameter distribution pattern. The shape of this distribution is the typical of uneven-aged stand distribution on natural forest, namely reversed J shape. The most suitable model for five species is second-order semi-logarithmic transformed polynomial function.

Key words: model, diameter distribution, natural forest, uneven-aged stand.
DESAIN AGROFORESTRY PADA LAHAN KRITIS (STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN INDRAPURI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR)
Authors: Bukhari . , Febryano Indra Gumay
Published: July 2019

Design of agroforestry has the objectives of improving the system which has been existing and providing directives for agribusiness on the basis of physical, economical, and socio-cultural condition. Design of a system is inevitably related with pre-diagnosis and diagnosis activities which are aimed at discovering the existing constraints and problems inside the system, followed by technological intervention for system improvement and determining the best agroforestry system in critical land condition. Method used in this study was identifying the existing agroforestry system, followed by evaluation of land suitability, financial analysis and community social analysis. This study found three agroforestry systems based on the existing components, namely agrisilviculture, silvopasture, and agrisilvopasture. Evaluation of land suitability showed that in general, land suitability ratings for woody crops and perennial crops were categorized as moderately suitable (S2), while those for annual crops / non rice food crops were categorized as marginally suitable (S3). Results of financial analysis showed that all existing agroforestry system are feasible to be practiced, with highest benefit cost ratio 2.7 was found in agrisilvopasture system. On the basis of landscape consideration, species of Non-MPTs were more adapted if they were planted in hill ridge, while that of species of MPTs and perennial crops in slope and valley, and that of annual crops in valley.

Key words: agroforestry, land suitability, critical land, design
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF Coptotermes sp. POPULATION FROM TWO DIFFERENT NESTS
Authors: Arif Astuti , Taskirawati Ira , Affandi .
Published: July 2019

The aim of this research is to study morphmetric variation of external anatomy of subterranean termite (Coptotermes sp.). The samples were collected from two different nests, i.e. Laboratory of Forest Product Engineering and Diversification, Hasanuddin University (site A) and Kompleks Perumahan Dosen Unhas, Tamalanrea (site B). Resulted data were statistically analyzed for mean, standard deviation, standard error and coefficient of variability. The mean values of the different population samples were compared by using student‘t’ test according to SPSS Ver.12. For each individual soldier and worker, 54 variables of external characters were measured. The result showed that some external characters of soldier and worker casts were significantly different with different locations. In soldier casts, eleven of 54 variables were found to be significant different in length and width of caput, length and width metathorax, mesothorax length, length and width of abdomens, scape length, flagellum width, femur width, and width tibia. Whilst, in worker casts, 11 of 54 variables were found to be significant different in mesothorax length, scape length, flagellum width, trochanter width, tibia length, tarsus length, and claw width. However, morph metric of external characters of Coptotermes sp. at two locations was generally relative same in terms of coefficient of variability.

Key words: Morphometric analysis, Coptotermes sp.
ABSORPSI AIR KOMPOSIT SEMEN SEKAM PADI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN POZZOLAN ABU SEKAM PADI DAN KAPUR PADA MATRIKS SEMEN
Authors: Bakri . , Baharuddin .
Published: July 2019

This research aimed to determine the role of rice husk ash as pozzolanic material in reducing water absorption of rice husk cement composite. Rice husk ash obtained by burning rice husk conventionally in kiln drum. Preparation of water absorption testing samples was conducted according to ASTM C 140, while ASTM C 90 used to evaluate the desired water absorption. Rice husk ash as of 40 % significantly reduced water absorption of the composite, but only rice husk ash of 20 % dan 30 % fulfilled the ASTM C 90 requirement. Addition of lime in the mixture increased the water absorption.

Key words: pozzolamic, water absorption, rick husk, rice husk ash.
PEMANFAATAN INDERAJA DAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG) DALAM INVENTARISASI LAHAN KRITIS DI KABUPATEN KOLAKA UTARA
Authors: Baharuddin .
Published: July 2019

At this time the technology required to conduct a study of land mainly related to land change and land condition analysis. To anticiapate this need for technology Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) that can quickly and accurately to conduct a study on land resources. Critical land is a condition of land which is the result of an error in the maintenance and land management. Kolaka Utara Regency a new district which has the problem of land mainly biophysical and social condition.In this case the methode used is to land suitability analysis approach based on FAO and determination based on the rules Director General Land Rehabilitation and Social Forestry – DEPHUT, SK.167/V-SET/2004, combined with productivity data field based on their utilization. Based on the analysis with Remote Sensing and GIS in Kolaka Utara Regency result that is dominated by protected forest area of 163.376,51 ha (53,0 %), followed by limited production forest 65.887,63 ha (21 %), cultivation area 60.977,75 ha. (19,6 %) and production forest convertion 20.258,94 ha (6.5 %). Land use and land cover largest is forest area of 177.850,02 ha (57,3 %), cocoa palantation area 91.066.80 ha (29,3 %), garden mixed area18.517,76 ha (6,0 %), shrub area 11.615,40 ha (3,7 %), and clove plantation area 4.067,93 ha ( 1,3 %). Potential land critical area is 39.040,96 ha (12,6 %), land rather critical is 13.513,43 ha (4,4 %), critical land is 47.534,21 ha, (15,3 %) and land critical immensely is 19.509,42 ha (6,3 %), and land while the rest is not critical is 190.902,81 ha (61,5 %). Degraded land spread in all areas well outside the region (cultivate area) and within region (forest area).

Key words: Inderaja, SIG, critical land
ANALISIS BIAYA PENEBANGAN PADA HUTAN JATI RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BONE
Authors: Mujetahid M. A.
Published: July 2019

Community teak forest in Bone Regency was +- 4,220 ha in wide, spreading in Amali, Ulaweng, Bengo, Mare, Tonra, Kahu, Salomekko, Ajangale, Dua Boccoe, Lamuru, Tellulimpoe, Lappariaja, Libureng, Palakka, Bontocani and Ponre Subdistricts. The descriptive method was used to describe and clarify felling activities of community teak forest yield. The quantitative approach was conducted by recording and analyzing the data such as potency, length, diameter, volume, working time, productivity, cost, etc. The study was aimed to felling cost m-3 with self-management was cheaper than by the piece, namely Rp.298,712,8 and Rp. 471,159.90 with difference amounting of Rp 172,447.10 m-3, but collector-traders chose contract work because considering social aspect, chance and opportunity to get others teak.

Key words: community teak forest, felling, cost.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN BAHAN BAKU KAYU BULAT PADA INDUSTRI KAYU LAPIS PT. KATINGAN TIMBER CELEBES
Authors: Makkarennu . , Putranto Beta , Dessaratu M. Daniel
Published: July 2019

The aim of this research was to predict the amounts of raw materials needed by industry for the next years. This study was conducted at the plywood industry in PT.Katingan Timber Celebes. For the purpose of the study, utilisation of raw material for five years (2004-2008) were collected. The obtained data were analyzed by using regresi with time series data. It is predicted that the amount of raw material for the industry (2009) will be 166,758.2 m3 consisting of meranti (130,699.4 m3) and rimba campuran (36,053.8 m3)

Key words: prediction, plywood industry, utilisation of raw material
PROSES KEBIJAKAN PERSUTERAAN ALAM DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Sadapotto Andi
Published: July 2019

Production of cocoon and raw silk in South Sulawesi have decreased in recent years. One of the problem is misleading policy formulation and implementation. The purpose of this studies is to know the policy of sericulture that have implemented in South Sulawesi. The method of analyses are discourse analysis/narrative, actors/network, and politics/interest. The result indicated that three factors ie. narrative, actors and interests among stakeholder in sericulture development disturb the policy implementation so it wouldn’t achieve the goal. Incorrect problem formulation also disrupt the sericulture development so it didn’t increase cocoon and raw silk production in South Sulawesi.

Key words: policy, process, sericulture, South Sulawesi
PERANAN ABU SEKAM PADI UNTUK MENGURANGI POROSITAS CONBLOCK RINGAN SEKAM PADI
Authors: Bakri .
Published: July 2019

This research aimed to determine the role of rice husk ash as pozzolanic material in reducing porosity of lightweight rice husk-conblock. Rice husk ash was obtained by burning rice husk conventionally in kiln drum and subsequently followed by burning in furnace of 1400 Barnsted Thermolyne Type at temperature 600 oC for 2 hours. Sample test preparation and procedure of porosity was adopted from ASTM C 140. Rice husk ash significantly reduced the porosity at all treatment combinations of rice husk ash percentage, but the lower porosity (31 %) obtained by using rice husk ash of 20 %.

Key words: rick husk, rice husk ash, lightweight conblock, porosity
ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN
JABON (Anthocephallus cadamba)
Authors: Wahyudi .
Published: July 2019

Anthocephallus cadamba was a native species and one of some commercial trees which had a good prospect to develop on the low production forest. This research was aimed to analyze growth and yield of A. cadamba plantation, including the living trees percentage, productivity, economic cutting cycle, and its profit. Parameter of data analysis used trees diameter, high and volume, mean annual increment, polynomial equation modelling and financial analysis i.e. net present value (NPV), and benefit cost ratio (BCR). The research had been conducted at research plots of A. cadamba in sub District of Mandau Talawang, Central Kalimantan Province since 1998 to 2010. Soil type in the site was ultisol former shifting cultivation and scrubs. The result of this research showed that living trees precentage at 12 years old was 57.7 %. Mean annual increment and its density were 19.05 m3 ha-1 and 641 tree ha-1 respectively. Equation modelling of jabon plantation was y = 4.7814 + 3.6028x - 0.185x2 (R2= 63.34 %). In the bank rate of 9 % year-1, the economic cutting cycle of this plantation was 13 years with net present value was IDR 72,79 million per ha. If the bank rate of 6 % and 12 % per year, then net present value at the 13 years were IDR 108.52 and IDR 48.56 million ha-1 respectively. The A. cadamba was suitable to timber estate and to increase the productivity of former shifting cultivation, scrub, and low potential forest areas.

Key words: growth and yield, mean annual increment, Anthocephallus cadamba, economic cutting cycle
SELEKSI PRIMER UNTUK ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK JENIS BITTI (Vitex coffassus)
Authors: Gusmiaty . , Restu Muh. , Pongtuluran Ira
Published: July 2019

The successful of genomic DNA amplification using RAPD technique was determined by the sequence of primer’s base and primer compound in each reaction. The aim of research was finding the best primer for genetic diversity analyses of Bitti (Vitex coffassus). The results of amplification showed that number of band between one to five bands (110-600 bp). The primer of OPK-10, OPA-17, OPQ-07 and OPP-08 can be used for genetic diversity analyses of Bitti. The best primer used for genetic diversity analyses of Bitti was OPP-08 because it had the highest number of bands (5 bands).

Key words: OPP-08, Primer Selection, Vitex coffassus
PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN SEMEN DARI BATANG DAN CABANG KAYU ASAL HUTAN RAKYAT
Authors: Suhasman .
Published: July 2019

Optimum utilization of raw materials is very important to overcome the limited raw materials supply. The objective of this study was to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of cement board made of stem and branch of tree. Materials used in this study were three wood species from community forest, namely; sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), candlenut (Aleurites moluccana), and gmelina (Gmelina arborea). The raw materials taken from stem and branch of tree were converted into particle using hammer mill. Composition of particle, water, and cement weight based were 1 : 1,25 : 2,5 for produce cement board, while density target of the boards were 0.85 g cm-3. To improve the board quality, 2.5 % CaCl2 based on cement weight was added. Mixed meterials then cold pressed during 24 hours and then conditioned for 1 month before tested. The research resuts are as follows: 1) Dimensional stability of cement board made from stem were superior compared to cement board made from branch of tree, 2) The MOR and Internal Bond of cement board have no clear different pattern between stem and branch of tree, 3) The MOE of cement board made from branch were higher compared to cement board made from stem of the three wood species.

Key words: Cement board, community forest, sengon, candlenut, gmelina
PENGARUH DIAMETER DAN JUMLAH PAKU TERHADAP KEKUATAN SAMBUNGAN GESER GANDA BALOK KAYU NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus) dan RASAMALA (Altingia excelsa Noronha) DENGAN PELAT BAJA
Authors: Sadiyo Sucahyo , Wulandari Emma Yusrina
Published: July 2019

The application of nail connection for part of the structural construction in Indonesia is still become the main choice. Connection type that must be counted on seriously for structural construction, are tension, shear and momen connection. Nangka wood is a type of woods that available in sawing or community woods work around Bogor. Rasamala is endemic and unique woods from West Java. Nails as connection are cheap, available and workable. This research objective is to investigate the effect of diameter and amount of nails to double shear connection strength on two type of woods. The results showed that the increase of diameter and amount of nail will rise the capacity of total allowable load per shear plane (RT) or double shear connection strength of nangka woods and rasamala-steel plate, but this phenomena is different for allowable load capacity per nail per shear plane (R) for both of that type. Design value for nangka wood based on diameter size 4,1; 5,2 and 5,5 mm are 261; 358 and 365 kg respectively, and for rasamala wood the design value is sligthly low, which is 227; 311 and 321 kg respectively. The minimum value becomes fundamental for determining design value of total allowable load per shear plane connection (RT) based on amount of nail (4-10), which is determined by multiply the value of certain type woods with amount of nails used.

Key words: double shear, displacement, allowable load per nail per shear plane (R), total allowable load per shear plane (RT)
BIOKONVERSI BAHAN BERLIGNOSELULOSA MENJADI BIOETANOL MENGGUNAKAN Aspergillus niger DAN Saccharomyces cereviciae
Authors: Daud Muhammad , Safii Wasrin , Syamsu Khaswar
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the feseability of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic material by using simulataneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes with Aspergillus niger dan Saccharomyces cereviciae. Three different lignocellulosic materials namely sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria), gmelina wood (Gmelina arborea), pinus wood and (Pinus merkusii) were pretreated using kraft process to remove lignin content. Then, pulp was treated by using SSF processes. SSF runs were performed in 500 ml fermentors using a total slurry 200 ml. The substrate and nutrient media were autoclaved (121 oC and 20 minutes). The samples diluted to 2.5 % (w v-1) of total slurry was used as substrate. The substrate was added with 10 % (v v-1) A. niger (6.5 x 107 CFU cc-1) of total slurry and then inoculated with 10 % (v v-1) yeast S. cereviciae (1.5 x 109 CFU cc-1). The SSF experiments were run for 96 hours and the data were investigated periodically every 24 hours. The results showed that total of sugar and reducing sugar tended to decrease with time of inoculation whereas ethanol concentration increase significantly. The growth of A. niger and yeast S. cereviciae tended to incease in initial inoculation and decrease by the end of inoculation. The bioethanol concentration on sengon, gmelina, and pinus were 0.53, 0.45 and 0.31 % respectively and produced yields 3.61, 4.60 and 4.16% respectively.

Key words: bioethanol, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cereviciae
ANALISIS KEKUATAN SAMBUNGAN GESER GANDA ENAM JENIS KAYU PADA BERBAGAI SESARAN MENURUT DIAMETER DAN JUMLAH BAUT
Authors: Sadiyo Sucahyo , Wahyudi Imam , Yoresta Fengky Satria , Nurhasanah . , Sholihin Muhammad
Published: July 2019

This research aims to determine the effect of double shear connection strength of six types of timber in various displacement based on diameter and the number of bolts. Six types of wood used are bangkirai, punak, meranti, sengon, bintangur and kapur. Double shear connection consists of the main member (wood) and side member (steel plate) with bolts connected. The average moisture content of sengon, meranti, bintangur and bangkirai are relatively similar (about 12 %), while kapur and punak are slightly higher at around 14 %. In contrast, the average density of six wood species are greatly vary ranging from the lowest sengon 0.26 g cm-3, to the highest 0.82 g cm-3 of bangkirai wood. The total load and load per bolt on double shear connection using bolts connector are influenced by the type of wood, diameter and number of bolts. There is a strong tendency that the higher specific gravity or density of the wood makes higher total load and load per bolt on double shear connection for each displacement. In addition, an increasing number of bolts makes the total load increased. On the other hand, it decreases load per bolts for each of bolts diameter. The use of 10 pieces of 7.9 mm diameter bolts on double shear connection for almost all type of wood produces the highest average total load compared to the other bolt diameter for both displacement 1.5 mm and 5 mm. In the same connection displacement the highest load per bolt is still obtained from using 7.9 mm bolt diameter but with the use of 4 pieces of bolts for almost all types of wood with the exception for punak and bitangur showing the highest values are obtained from 6 pieces of bolts. Bangkirai wood, kapur, punak, bintangur and meranti can be used as the main member in double shear connection by using bolt with diameter 6.4 mm, 7.9 mm and 9.5 mm because of fulfilling the requirements of PKKI (1961).

Key words: Bolts, double shear connections, displacement, total load, load per bolt
SIFAT KIMIA DAN FISIK BAHAN UTAMA CONBLOCK RINGAN YANG MENGGUNAKAN AGREGAT SEKAM PADI
Authors: Bakri .
Published: July 2019

This research aimed to assess the properties of main substances used to produce lightweight composite cement using rice husk as aggregate. Main substances used in this research consisted of Portland cement tipe I, lime, rice husk and rice husk ash. Portland cement tipe I, lime and rice husk obtained from local producers in Makassar, while rice husk ash obtained by burning rice husk conventionally in kiln drum and subsequently followed by burning in furnace of 1400 Barnsted Thermolyne Type at temperature 600 oC for 2 hours. Chemical Content of the substances analyzed by adopted the analysis procedure in SNI 15-2049-2004. Alkalinity of Portland cement tipe I, silica of rice husk ash and Na2O dan K2O was categorized as low, while rice husk was categorized as reactive substance.

Key words: Portland cement tipe I, rick husk, rice husk ash, lime, lightweight composite cement
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI FACE-CORE TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIS ORIENTED STRAND BOARD DARI BAMBU DAN ECENG GONDOK
Authors: Saad Sahriyanti , Hilal .
Published: July 2019

The effect of particle composition made of bamboo and water hyacinth on the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of resulted oriented strand boards (OSB) were investigated. Three layered boards were made from bamboo and water hyacinth in which bamboo strand was used as face/back layer and water hyacinth strand was used as core layer. The boards were manufactured using three levels of bamboo and water hyacinth compositions (50:50, 60:40 and 70:30) with 6 % isocyanate based on the strand oven dry weight. The results showed that dimensional stability of the OSB decreased with the increase of composition of water hyacinth strand on core layer. A higher composition of bamboo strand as face/back layer compared to water hyacinth strand resulted in increased modulus of elasticity and internal bond strength, but decreased the modulus of rupture. The bamboo and water hyacinth composition of 70:30 compositions showed better properties than other compositions.

Key words: Bamboo, water hyacinth, composition, OSB
SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIS PAPAN SEMEN BERBAHAN BAKU BAMBU
Authors: Suhasman . , Bakri .
Published: July 2019

Fire resistance, termite resistance, and high dimensional stability are among critical attributes of cement board composite as alternative material to replace solid wood products. This study aimed to evaluate characteristics of cement boards made from various age classes of bamboo (1-2 year old, 3-4 year old, and 5-6 year old) and nature of bamboo stem (used and fresh bamboo). Cement board was produced with target density of 0.9 g cm-3, and 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm in dimension and the results showed that cement board made from younger bamboo (1-2 year old) had better physical and mechanical characteristics than cement board made from the older bamboo. Most of physical and mechanical characteristics, except for modulus of rupture and dimensional stability, of cement board made from younger bamboo fulfill the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5417-2003. The results also showed that cement board made from used bamboo had similar characteristics with cement board made from fresh bamboo.

Key words: Young bamboo, used bamboo, cement board
LIMBAH PEMANENAN JATI DI BAYUWANGI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Matangaran Juang Rata , Anggoro Romadoni
Published: July 2019

Harvesting teak in Java always causes wood waste in the forest. The objectives of this research were to identify the shape of wood waste generated from teak harvesting activities and to determine their recovery and residual factors. The research was conducted at teak forest of Stated Owned Company (Perum Perhutani) at Banyuwangi East Java with the sampling intensity of 10 % using whole tree method. Measurement of wood waste was performed at thinning and clearcutting compartment of teak stand. The result of the study showed that the shapes of wood waste consisted of broken stem, decay wood, short trimming, branch and twig , stump, and irregular wood shape. The recovery and residual factors of the teak harvesting utilization were 79.61 % and 20.39%, respectively. Most of the wood waste were utilized by the local community for energy sources.

Key words: Recovery factor, residual factor, teak, wood waste
Unresolved issues in left ventricular postischemic remodeling and progression to heart failure
Authors: Gronda Edoardo , Sacchi Stefania , Benincasa Giuditta , Vanoli Emilio , Napoli Claudio
Published: July 2019

In the past decades, myocardial infarction periacute mortality markedly declined since coronary reperfusion therapy has been adopted. Despite immediate benefits of coronary blood flow restoration, the percentage of new onset heart failure has increased over time suggesting that ischemia can run detrimental consequences beyond the immediate anoxic hit. By accepting to aggregate all types of heart failure regardless of underlying cause, the current practice did not help to shed light on the complex postischemic cardiac biology indicating that heart failure is somewhat unavoidable. In the ischemic sequel, the activated mechanisms aim to repair the infarcted zone and to compensate for the lost myocyte functions, thus allowing the heart to maintain the efficient cardiac output for vital organs. The variety of underlying preexisting conditions, as well as the multifaceted components of cardiac molecular structure, cellular state, and electrophysiological postischemic events pave the way for long-term adverse cardiac remodeling. We focused our attention on multiple factors, which include myocyte loss, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, extracellular matrix changes linked to myocardial fibrosis and scar, metabolic imbalance, as well as immunologic response occurring in the acute myocardial aftermath. Moreover, we reported both current pharmacological strategies and future perspectives that might be useful in clinical practice. Furthermore, we discussed the cardiac magnetic resonance as the most promising noninvasive imaging tool, which could be helpful in identifying the amount of myocardial damage. Despite the redundancy of molecular pathogenic mechanisms making it impossible to estimate the proportionate contributions in generating the heart failure phenotype, a deeper understanding will contribute to more customized patient management.
Impact of International Remittance Inflows on Nigeria’s Trade Balance
Authors: Maduka Anne Chinonye , Madichie Chekwube Vitus , Ekesiobi Chukwunonso Sylvester
Published: July 2019

While international remittance inflow is globally recognized as a key source of income for improved standard of living and poverty reduction, there is an ongoing intellectual debate that persistent remittance inflow causes deterioration in trade balances, by inducing import-led consumption expenditures, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. The study investigated the impact of international remittance inflows on Nigeria’s trade balances from 1990 to 2016. The study uses the contemporary econometric techniques of Zivot-Andrew (ZA) structural break unit root test, as well as the Gregory- Hansen cointegration test that allows for a single most significant unknown structural break in both the intercept and the entire coefficient vectors. The results show that remittance inflows to Nigeria have significant negative effect on trade balance, meaning that the Dutch disease effect of remittance inflows prevails in Nigeria. Based on this finding, the study recommends that the remittance inflows to Nigeria should follow the channel of private savings which, in turn, is released to productive domestic investment in order to expand the pool of manufactured products. This will definitely overcome the Dutch disease symptom being experienced in Nigeria.
The Service as General Principle of Economic Activity. Productivity or Servicity?
Authors: Jivan Alexandru , Năchescu Miruna
Published: July 2019

The paper aims to point out main relevant moments in the researches concerning the service issue, containing the reserve for core developments in economics. Roots are from the literature in the last decade of the previous century, but also certain even elder and diverse more recent developments are evoked as well, by the criterion of their importance mainly for better seeing the issue of productivity, and of the interesting particular developments they got later. Apart from the service economy literature, background comes from the genuine liberalism too. The obvious realities of growing immaterial dimension of human concerns give the actual conditions that make such researches necessary, against the orthodox production and material approach. The reference value of our research is supplemented with the developments we made, including defining conceptual distinctions and suitable particularizations. Such contributions are meant to allow the relevant concerned ideas to be better seen, and to improve economics' approaches. The importance of involving such elements in economic research is conclusively underlined. Purely theoretical, the paper does not contain empirical analyses. It is useful for scholars that wish to widen the horizon of their approaches in attempts to render them topical and to improve the common/dominant economics.
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Authors: Salis Azad Sh. , Yousif Rebar H.
Published: July 2019

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Finite Element Analysis for RC Deep Beams under an Eccentric Load
Authors: Mahmood Bashar A. , Mohammad Khalaf I.
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the effect of the load eccentricity on the deep beams, in terms of failure load and failure mode, using ANSYS nonlinear finite element program. Three RC deep beams with shear span to depth ratios, varying from 0.91 to 1.67 are modeled. A comparison between the experimental and numerical results, under central load, showed approximately full matching between them. This had been done in order to ensure that the model was represented properly. The used model for investigating the behavior of the RC deep beams under an eccentric load with various heights of beams showed that under eccentric load there was a significant reduction in the failure load. Increasing the beams height cause of an increase (gradually) of the failure load with the incremental increases of the height, also there was a clear reduction in the failure load due to eccentricity. For the load eccentricity value 50 mm all the beams of different heights possess the same failure load and all of them failed due to concrete crushing at the beam compression face.
Flexural Behavior of Concrete Composite Beams with New Steel Tube Section and Different Shear Connectors
Authors: Ibrahim Amer M. , Salman Wissam D. , Bahlol Fahad M.
Published: July 2019

Hollow sections of steel are widely used in many engineering applications as structural members. This paper aims at studying the flexural behavior of a composite beams with steel tubes sections through a series of bending tests in order to study and examine the influence of the steel tube section shape, (square, rectangular and hexagonal) with the same shear connector type (headed stud or angle or perfobond) on its flexural behavior and the bending properties of these sections. As well as study the effect of different shear connectors types (headed stud, angle and perfobond) in the same steel tube sections (hexagonal, square, or rectangular) on the flexural behavior of the composite beams. The experimental program (in this work) has been divided into two groups, the first consists of nine specimens tests focusing on three types of steel section. Using shear stud first, angle at second, and perfobond at third as shear connector type. The second group consists of testing nine specimens of composite beams too. This group focuses on testing every steel section (hexagonal, square and rectangular) alone when using three types of shear connectors with it. All the specimens are of the same length, width and height (2000, 400 and 130) mm respectively. The tested steel tubes thickness was 2 mm, yield stress of 322 MPa and the ultimate strength was 390 MPa. The results showed that these shapes of hollow steel sections (hexagonal, square and rectangular) sustain the quality of services for the buildings, and these tested specimens are applicable by giving a distinctive strength and stiffness starting from 114 kN as ultimate load reaching to 170 kN. The experimental results proved that the perfobond and angle connector types are clearly effective shear connectors. Shear connector of the perfobond type increased the ultimate load of the composite beams by (6.25-9.74) % compared with the stud shear connector.
Functions of the Russian and Tuvan Languages in Mother — Child Communication in Bilingual Families
Authors: Коlmоgоrоvа A. V. , Chypsymаа O. O.
Published: July 2019

The research question of the paper is at the crossroads of the most important disciplinary areas of modern linguistics: cognitive linguistics, linguistic conceptology, and ethno-linguistics. The paper considers the specificity of the child’s language consciousness as a carrier of a certain culture. Mother-child communication is a complex communicative cognitive process, as a result of which a subtle “cultural adjustment” of the process of perception and conceptualization of the world by a child takes place. The article is focused on the analysis of verbal communication in bilingual
families on the pragma-communicative level. The purpose of the study is to identify significant functions of the two languages (Russian and Tuvan) in Tuvan mother’s communication with her child. A systematic, functional and semantic as well as a pragmatic approaches in the study will help us understand such phenomena as language, culture, and ethnolinguistic identification and will allow us to see the impact of bilingualism on the process of perception and conceptualization of the world by a child in communication with its mother. The research is based on traditional methods: observation of the language material, comparison, description with elements of componential and contextual analysis. The empirical material for the study includes video- and audio recording corpus made during 2017–2018 in Tuvan bilingual families living on the territory of the Republic of Tuva. The following speech situations which reflect the characteristic of the Tuvan-Russian bilingual speech behavior in natural communication between mother and child are analyzed: the pragmatic training situation, the pragmatic ban situation and others. Analysis of video materials and
personal observations of speech communication practices in bilingual families who speak Tuvan and Russian languages allows us to state the presence of a specific distribution of languages in various communication situations.
Comprehension of Abstract Words in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Dubitskaya V. G. , Yakovlev A. A.
Published: July 2019

The article discusses the results of an experiment aimed to clarify the impact that explaining a context in which a word is used may have on the degree and nature of its understanding in second language acquisition. The underlying hypothesis is that the quality of comprehension of the meaning of abstract words of a foreign language by bilinguals will vary depending on the way these words are represented. To test the hypothesis a free associative experiment consisting of two parts was conducted. 12 stimuli in English with abstract meaning were presented to subjects (4th-year students with Russian-English bilingualism). The first group of participants (a total of 33 people) was given vocabulary explanation of these words; the second group (35 people in total) was given sentences in which the same words are used in a simulated situation of using them in accordance with their dictionary definition. The authors come to the conclusion that informants’ acquaintance with a concrete situation of using abstract words does not help them to “internalize” these words, and also increases the number of emotional associations indicating that these words are part of their personal experience of cognition and communication. However, an equal number of reactions associated with
the stimulus by their semantics, and not by the evoken emotion, in both parts of the experiment means that both dictionary interpretation and description of a specific situation realize the semantic potential of a word significantly and allow us to correctly interpret its meaning.
Stavrotheotokia troparia of the Great and Holy Friday Antiphons (tentative textological analysis of the 11th – 14th century manuscripts)
Authors: Borisova T. S.
Published: July 2019

The paper deals with certain troparia found in several Church Slavonic manuscripts as a part of the Great and Holy Friday Antiphons which don’t respond to the described Greek versions of the text. Troparia which appear in the penultimate place of each of the 15 Antiphons are devoted to the Mother of God and could be attributed to the Stavrotheotokion type. The Stavrotheotokia appear regularly almost in all East Slavonic manuscripts up to Patriarch Nikon book correction of the 17th century, while in the South Slavonic tradition they appear regularly only in two early Serbian manuscripts, in the most of the Antiphons in two early Bulgarian manuscripts and in one Antiphon in another Bulgarian manuscript. In the 14th century after the Mount Athos book correction the Stavrotheotokia disappear completely from the South Slavonic manuscript tradition. The goal of our study was a scientific critical edition of the Stavrotheotokia troparia based on 13 East and South Slavonic manuscripts (Triodion and Pentecostarion, Pentecostarion, Lent and Pentecost Sticherarium) of 11th – 14th centuries as well as their textological analysis. Based on the results of the textological analysis we distinguish two versions of the text: the first one is present in East Slavonic manuscripts and Zagreb Triodion, the second one – in two Serbian Triodia, and their compiled type – in the Orbele Triodion. Although no Greek correspondence to these texts have been found so far, the textual evidences argue for the Byzantine origin of a certain text. The outstanding poetic characteristics of certain troparia as well as their remarkable correspondence with the whole poetical structure of the Antiphons cause us to believe that unlike the Theotokia which are included in the Antiphons in the modern Greek and Slavic tradition, the Stavrotheotokia were the part of the initial text of the hymn. Since two versions of the Church Slavonic text are not located on a certain territory, the translation of these texts into Church Slavonic was probably made in the South Slavic area and later transferred to the East Slavonic tradition.
Estimating Similarity of Words in the Language Consciousness of Speakers of Different Variants of French (France, Belgium, Canada, Switzerland)
Authors: Vladyko N. O.
Published: July 2019

This article considers a method that helps to evaluate the level of similarity of a word in the language consciousness of the French language speakers from four different francophone regions (France, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada). To illustrate the approach the word vie (life) has been chosen as it belongs to the nucleus of the language consciousness of French speakers, according to the results of the associative experiment that was made in 2008 and 2009 via Internet with the aid of google-questionnaires. To assess similarity in understanding the word vie (life) by French speakers from the chosen regions we use the semantic closeness index finding formula proposed by D. Yu. Prosovetsky. Originally the formula was applied to the calculation of the semantic closeness of two different words. In this research the formula has been adapted to the analysis of one word-stimulus presented in the associative fields of the regions considered. To apply this formula one needs first to count the number of similar words that appear in associative fields of the chosen word pairwise. Six pairs are addressed (France-Belgium, France-Canada, France-Switzerland, BelgiumCanada, Belgium-Switzerland, Canada-Switzerland). After that, the doubled number of similar words in one pair of countries is divided by the sum of the total number of reactions of the two given fields.
The calculations conducted in this article pairwise for the word vie (life) present the following numbers of the index of semantic closeness: pairs Belgium-Switzerland, Switzerland-Canada, France-Switzerland 0,09 each; the highest index belongs to the pairs of France-Canada and Belgium-Canada 0,12 each; the pair France-Belgium occupies the intermediary position with the result of 0,1. The calculations illustrate that the associative fields of the word vie in the four considered regions (France, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada) include similar elements, however, the exact agreement is not observed.
Military metaphors in the Discourse of the Presidents of Russia and France in the beginning of XXI century
Authors: Kryshtaleva V. E.
Published: July 2019

The article focuses on the study of military metaphors which are relevant to the modern Russian and French political (specifically presidential) discourse. In modern linguistics there are two main approaches to studying metaphors: semantic (where metaphor is regarded as a linguistic phenomenon) and cognitive, where it is interpreted as a certain way of constructing the reality. The methodological basis of our research is the theory of metaphorical modeling, which is a synthesis of structural, semantic and cognitive approaches. This article represents a comparative analysis of military metaphors (which are archetypal for political communication) used in the speeches of four presidents of Russia and France of the early 21st century – D. A. Medvedev, N. Sarkozy, V. V. Putin and F. Hollande, and based on the corpora of texts that are examples of political discourse monologues (inaugural, congratulatory, welcoming speeches, etc.).
In this study, military metaphors are nominations in which there are signs of military action in the form of opposition to an «enemy» and the use of weapons. The analysis took into account substantive and verbal structural metaphors realizing the conceptual model «Russian / French reality – the ongoing war»; the study also considered extralinguistic factors that influenced the creation of political texts. Text selection took into consideration the degree of importance and relevance of the domestic and foreign policy issues covered in them. The analysis showed that the frequency of military metaphors usage is not identical not only in the speech of different politicians, but also in the discourse of different societies, and demonstrated individual and national specificity of the military metaphors functioning in the political leaders discourse, which was directly related to the topical “agenda” for a country. Thus, it turned out that the
French presidents resort to «militant» (in metaphorical terms) discourse more than the two Russian heads of state; the greatest frequency of military metaphors is demonstrated in F. Hollande’s speeches.
The Role of Displacing Confined Solvent in the Conformational Equilibrium of β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: He Peng , Sarkar Sheila , Gallicchio Emilio , Kurtzman Tom , Wickstrom Lauren
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the role of hydration and its relationship to the conformational equilibrium of the host molecule β-cyclodextrin. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the unbound β-cyclodextrin exhibits two state behavior in explicit solvent due to the opening and closing of its cavity. In implicit solvent, these transitions are not observed and there is one dominant conformation of β-cyclodextrin with an open cavity. Based on these observations, we investigate the hypothesis that the expulsion of thermodynamically unfavorable water molecules into the bulk plays an important role in controlling the accessibility of the closed macrostate at room temperature. We compare the results of the molecular mechanics analytical generalized Born plus non-polar solvation approach to those obtained through Grid Inhomogeneous Solvation Theory analysis with explicit solvation to elucidate the thermodynamic forces at play. The calculations help to illustrate the deficiencies of continuum solvent models and demonstrate the key role of the thermodynamics of enclosed hydration in driving the conformational equilibrium of molecules in solution.
An Integrated Cleanroom Process for the Vapor Phase Deposition of Large-Area Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Thin Films
Authors: Cruz Alexander John , Stassen Ivo , Krishtab Mikhail , Marcoen Kristof , Stassin Timothée , Rodríguez-Hermida Sabina , Teyssandier Joan , Pletincx Sven , Verbeke Rhea , Rubio-Giménez Víctor , Tatay Sergio , Martí-Gastaldo Carlos , Meersschaut Johan , Vereecken Philippe , De Feyter Steven , Hauffman Tom , Ameloot Rob
Published: July 2019

Robust and scalable thin film deposition methods are key to realize the potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in electronic devices. Here, we report the first integration of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of MOF coatings in a custom reactor within a cleanroom setting. As a test case, the MOF-CVD conditions for ZIF-8 are optimized to enable smooth, pinhole-free, and uniform thin films on full 200 mm wafers under mild conditions. The single-chamber MOF-CVD process and the impact of the deposition parameters are elucidated via a combination of in situ monitoring and ex situ characterization. The resulting process guidelines will pave the way for new MOF-CVD formulations and a plethora of MOF-based devices.
Apresentação do dossiê "Centralidade da Periferia"
Authors: Monteiro Nuno Gonçalo , Cardim Pedro
Published: July 2019

Dossiê Centralidade da Periferia
A centralidade da periferia.
Authors: Monteiro Nuno Gonçalo , Cardim Pedro
Published: July 2019

O artigo pretende analisar as dinâmicas e relações dos vários agentes envolvidos nos conflitos decorrentes da exploração da prata e das relações comerciais da região platina. Entende-se que estudar os conflitos a partir da dualidade Portugal e Espanha não é suficiente para explicar a complexidade daquele cenário, tendo em vista que ambos comportam-se de forma heterogênea, e que havia outras nações, como Inglaterra, França e Holanda que também tinham interesses no Rio da Prata. Pretende-se ainda analisar a razão pela qual a coroa portuguesa estima esse território a ponto de criar uma praça militar na América espanhola, fugindo totalmente ao modelo adotado no Atlântico, e que tinha como função não só proteger as navegações portuguesas no Rio da Prata, mas, sobretudo, o comércio ilícito.