bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigenome Analysis Reveals TBX5 as a Novel Transcription Factor Involved in the Activation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts
Authors: Karouzakis Emmanuel , Trenkmann Michelle , Gay Renate E. , Michel Beat A. , Gay Steffen , Neidhart Michel
Published: October 2014

In this study, we analyzed the methylation status of human promoters in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF). Differentially methylated genes between RASF and osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts (OASF) were identified by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and hybridization to human promoter tiling arrays. The methylation status was confirmed by pyrosequencing. Gene and protein expression of differentially methylated genes was evaluated with real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to measure the gene promoter–associated acetylation and methylation of histones. Transcription factor–specific targets were identified with microarray and luciferase assays. We found that the transcription factor T-box transcription factor 5 (TBX5) was less methylated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium and RASF than in osteoarthritis (OA) samples. Demethylation of the TBX5 promoter in RASF and RA synovium was accompanied by higher TBX5 expression than in OASF and OA synovium. In RA synovium, TBX5 expression was primarily localized to the synovial lining. In addition, the TBX5 locus was enriched in activating chromatin marks, such as histone 4 lysine 4 trimethylation and histone acetylation, in RASF. In our functional studies, we observed that 790 genes were differentially expressed by 2–6-fold after overexpression of TBX5 in OASF. Bioinformatic analysis of these genes revealed that the chemokines IL-8, CXCL12, and CCL20 were common targets of TBX5 in OASF. Taken together, our data show that TBX5 is a novel inducer of important chemokines in RASF. Thus, we conclude that RASF contribute to the inflammatory processes operating in the pathogenesis of RA via epigenetic control of TBX5.
Resolvin D1 Attenuates Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid–Induced Inflammatory Signaling in Human Airway Epithelial Cells via TAK1
Authors: Hsiao Hsi-Min , Thatcher Thomas H. , Levy Elizabeth P. , Fulton Robert A. , Owens Kristina M. , Phipps Richard P. , Sime Patricia J.
Published: October 2014

The respiratory epithelium consists of lung sentinel cells, which are the first to contact inhaled inflammatory insults, including air pollutants, smoke, and microorganisms. To avoid damaging exuberant or chronic inflammation, the inflammatory process must be tightly controlled and terminated once the insult is mitigated. Inflammation resolution is now known to be an active process involving a new genus of lipid mediators, called “specialized proresolving lipid mediators,” that includes resolvin D1 (RvD1). We and others have reported that RvD1 counteracts proinflammatory signaling and promotes resolution. A knowledge gap is that the specific cellular targets and mechanisms of action for RvD1 remain largely unknown. In this article, we identified the mechanism whereby RvD1 disrupts inflammatory mediator production induced by the viral mimic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] in primary human lung epithelial cells. RvD1 strongly suppressed the viral mimic poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production and proinflammatory signaling involving MAPKs and NF-κB. Most importantly, we found that RvD1 inhibited the phosphorylation of TAK1 (TGF-β–activated kinase 1), a key upstream regulatory kinase common to both the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, by inhibiting the formation of a poly(I:C)-induced signaling complex composed of TAK1, TAB1 (TAK1 binding protein), and TRAF6 (TNF receptor–associated factor 6). We confirmed that ALX/FPR2 and GPR32, two RvD1 receptors, were expressed on human small airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, blocking these receptors abrogated the inhibitory action of RvD1. In this article, we present the idea that RvD1 has the potential to be used as an anti-inflammatory and proresolving agent, possibly in the context of exuberant host responses to damaging respirable agents such as viruses.
Psychosocial Responses During Different Phases of Sport-Injury Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Clement Damien , Arvinen-Barrow Monna , Fetty Tera
Published: October 2014

Context:

Athletic trainers have traditionally conceptualized rehabilitation programs in terms of 3 distinct physiologic phases; however, these phases appear to neglect athletes' psychosocial responses to their injuries.

Objective:

To document injured athletes' psychosocial responses during the different phases of injury rehabilitation.

Design:

Qualitative study.

Setting:

National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II university in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 8 previously injured athletes (4 men and 4 women) participated in the study.

Data Collection and Analysis:

We collected participant data by using semistructured interviews, transcribed verbatim and analyzed by directed content analysis. Established themes were triangulated to determine trustworthiness.

Results:

Initially, athletes' cognitive appraisals were predominately negative in nature, leading to negative emotions. These appraisals changed after diagnosis and when moving to the reaction-to-rehabilitation phase and the reaction-to-sport phase. During the reaction-to-rehabilitation phase, athletes reported mixed cognitive appraisals and identified frustration as the main emotional response. When returning to sport, athletes reflected on the lessons learned, yet they expressed some doubts related to their ability to return to play. These cognitive appraisals served as a precursor to the resulting emotional responses of nervousness and reinjury anxiety, as well as excitement. Throughout the various phases of rehabilitation, athletes reported seeking out social support: initially from significant others and then from their athletic trainers during the reaction-to-rehabilitation phase.

Conclusions:

The results appear to support the use of the integrated model of psychological response to sport injury and the rehabilitation process and the 3 phases of rehabilitation as a framework for understanding how physical and psychosocial factors may interact during sport-injury rehabilitation. Understanding this interaction may help athletic trainers provide better care to their injured athletes.
Bilateral Differences in Muscle Architecture and Increased Rate of Injury in National Basketball Association Players
Authors: Mangine Gerald T. , Hoffman Jay R. , Gonzalez Adam M. , Jajtner Adam R. , Scanlon Tyler , Rogowski Joseph P. , Wells Adam J. , Fragala Maren S. , Stout Jeffrey R.
Published: October 2014

Context

Professional basketball players have demanding schedules that, in combination with certain underlying physical characteristics and side-to-side strength and power imbalances, may make them vulnerable to lower extremity injuries.

Objective

To examine the relationship among skeletal muscle architecture, lower body power, and games missed because of lower extremity injury (%MISS) in professional basketball players.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Human Performance Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Nine players under contract for Orlando Magic were assessed. We compared athletes who were injured (n = 4, height = 203.2 ± 5.5 cm, mass = 105 ± 7.5 kg, age = 25.0 ± 2.8 years) and those who remained healthy (n = 5, height = 200.2 ± 12.2 cm, mass = 100.1 ± 16.6 kg, age = 22.4 ± 1.9 years) during the season.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Bilateral ultrasonographic measurements of muscle thickness, pennation angle, echo intensity, and cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis were collected before regular-season play. Subsequently, muscle thickness and pennation angle were used to compute fascicle length. Along with unilateral jumping power, inferences were made upon the magnitude of the relationship between the percentage bilateral difference in these measures and %MISS, as well as between injured and healthy athletes.

Results

The data indicated likely relationships between %MISS and age (r = 0.772), and between %MISS and bilateral differences in rectus femoris cross-sectional area (7.8% ± 6.4%; r = 0.657) and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (6.2% ± 4.8%; r = 0.521), as well as a possible relationship with vastus lateralis muscle thickness (7.9% ± 8.9%; r = 0.444). Echo-intensity differences in the vastus lateralis were greater in injured (8.0% ± 2.4%) versus healthy athletes (3.2% ± 2.0%). Although a 2-fold difference in mean jumping power was observed between injured (26.3 ± 14.9 W) and healthy athletes (13.6 ± 8.7 W), these differences were not statistically significant (P = .20).

Conclusions

In the present sample, lower extremity side-to-side differences may be related to an increased risk for lower extremity injury. Future researchers using larger sample sizes need to identify normal versus at-risk ranges for bilateral differences in muscle structure and power of the lower extremities of professional basketball players and athletes in other sports.
Tuberculosis alters pancreatic enzymes in the absence of pancreatitis
Authors: Motswaledi Modisa S. , Sekgwama Rosinah , Kasvosve Ishmael
Published: October 2014

Background: Lipases and phospholipases are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Genes coding for lipases, phospholipases and amylase are present in MTB, enabling the bacteria to produce these enzymes.Objective: To compare serum lipase and amylase activity levels in patients with tuberculosis (TB) against those of healthy controls.Methods: Serum lipase and amylase activity levels were measured in 99 patients and 143 healthy controls using the Vitros 250 Chemistry analyser. Reference ranges for serum lipase and amylase were 23–300 U/L and 30–110 U/L, respectively.Results: Lipase was higher in patients with MTB than in controls (81.5 IU/L versus 66.5 IU/L, p = 0.006). Similarly, amylase was higher in the MTB patient group (76 IU/L versus 60 IU/L, p < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient for lipase versus amylase (R) was higher in the controls (R = 0.351, p < 0.0001) compared with MTB patients (R = 0.217, p = 0.035). Amongst MTB patients, lipase activity correlated positively with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (R = 0.263, p = 0.013), but not with haemoglobin concentration or treatment duration. A weak inverse correlation was noted between ESR and treatment duration (R = -0.222, p = 0.028).Conclusion: Pancreatic enzyme levels differ between MTB patients and normal controls; however, this difference still lies within the normal range. The concomitant increase of lipase with ESR, an inflammatory marker, could conceivably suggest a causal relationship. Further research is necessary to characterise MTB-derived enzymes for diagnostic and therapeutic utility.
Locating ‘Contextual Bible Study’ within biblical liberation hermeneutics and intercultural biblical hermeneutics
Authors: West Gerald O.
Published: October 2014

This article uses the occasion of the 70th anniversary of HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies to reflect on a particular form of liberation hermeneutics that emerged in the 1980s in South Africa. ‘Contextual Bible Study’ is briefly defined, but its precise contours are explored by locating this form of liberation hermeneutics within liberation hermeneutics more generally and then intercultural biblical hermeneutics more specifically. The article sets up a dialogue amongst these practices, examining both their family resemblances and their distinctive features.
Evaluation of cross-protection of bluetongue virus serotype 4 with other serotypes in sheep
Authors: Zulu Gcwalisile B. , Venter Estelle H.
Published: October 2014

Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious disease of sheep and other domestic and wild ruminants caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV). Currently 26 serotypes of the virus have been identified. In South Africa, 22 serotypes have been identified and BT is controlled mainly by annual vaccinations using a freeze-dried live attenuated polyvalent BTV vaccine. The vaccine is constituted of 15 BTV serotypes divided into three separate bottles and the aim is to develop a vaccine using fewer serotypes without compromising the immunity against the disease. This study is based on previously reported cross-neutralisation of specific BTV serotypes in in vitro studies. Bluetongue virus serotype 4 was selected for this trial and was tested for cross-protection against serotype 4 (control), 1 (unrelated serotype), 9, 10 and 11 in sheep using the serum neutralisation test. The purpose of the study was to determine possible cross-protection of different serotypes in sheep. Of those vaccinated with BTV-4 and challenged with BTV-1, which is not directly related to BTV-4, 20% were completely protected and 80% showed clinical signs, but the reaction was not as severe as amongst the unvaccinated animals. In the group challenged with BTV-10, some showed good protection and some became very sick. Those challenged with BTV-9 and BTV-11 had good protection. The results showed that BTV-4 does not only elicit a specific immune response but can also protect against other serotypes.
StickWRLD as an Interactive Visual Pre-Filter for Canceromics-Centric Expression Quantitative Trait Locus Data
Authors: Rumpf Robert Wolfgang , Wolock Samuel L. , Ray William C.
Published: October 2014

As datasets increase in complexity, the time required for analysis (both computational and human domain-expert) increases. One of the significant impediments introduced by such burgeoning data is the difficulty in knowing what features to include or exclude from statistical models. Simple tables of summary statistics rarely provide an adequate picture of the patterns and details of the dataset to enable researchers to make well-informed decisions about the adequacy of the models they are constructing. We have developed a tool, StickWRLD, which allows the user to visually browse through their data, displaying all possible correlations. By allowing the user to dynamically modify the retention parameters (both P and the residual, r), StickWRLD allows the user to identify significant correlations and disregard potential correlations that do not meet those same criteria – effectively filtering through all possible correlations quickly and identifying possible relationships of interest for further analysis. In this study, we applied StickWRLD to a semi-synthetic dataset constructed from two published human datasets. In addition to detecting high-probability correlations in this dataset, we were able to quickly identify gene–SNP correlations that would have gone undetected using more traditional approaches due to issues of low penetrance.
Developing a Comprehensive Database Management System for Organization and Evaluation of Mammography Datasets
Authors: Wu Yirong , Rubin Daniel L. , Woods Ryan W. , Elezaby Mai , Burnside Elizabeth S.
Published: October 2014

We aimed to design and develop a comprehensive mammography database system (CMDB) to collect clinical datasets for outcome assessment and development of decision support tools. A Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant CMDB was created to store multi-relational datasets of demographic risk factors and mammogram results using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon. The CMDB collected both biopsy pathology outcomes, in a breast pathology lexicon compiled by extending BI-RADS, and our institutional breast cancer registry. The audit results derived from the CMDB were in accordance with Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) audits and national benchmarks. The CMDB has managed the challenges of multi-level organization demanded by the complexity of mammography practice and lexicon development in pathology. We foresee that the CMDB will be useful for efficient quality assurance audits and development of decision support tools to improve breast cancer diagnosis. Our procedure of developing the CMDB provides a framework to build a detailed data repository for breast imaging quality control and research, which has the potential to augment existing resources.
Network Analysis of Cancer-focused Association Network Reveals Distinct Network Association Patterns
Authors: Zhang Yuji , Tao Cui
Published: October 2014

Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Genetic methods have uncovered thousands of complex tissue-specific mutation-induced effects and identified multiple disease gene targets. Important associations between cancer and other biological entities (eg, genes and drugs) in cancer network, however, are usually scattered in biomedical publications. Systematic analyses of these cancer-specific associations can help highlight the hidden associations between different cancer types and related genes/drugs. In this paper, we proposed a novel network-based computational framework to identify statistically over-expressed subnetwork patterns called network motifs (NMs) in an integrated cancer-specific drug–disease–gene network extracted from Semantic MEDLINE, a database containing extracted associations from MEDLINE abstracts. Eight significant NMs were identified and considered as the backbone of the cancer association network. Each NM corresponds to specific biological meanings. We demonstrated that such approaches will facilitate the formulization of novel cancer research hypotheses, which is critical for translational medicine research and personalized medicine in cancer.
Network-Based Identification of Biomarkers Coexpressed with Multiple Pathways
Authors: Guo Nancy Lan , Wan Ying-Wooi
Published: October 2014

Unraveling complex molecular interactions and networks and incorporating clinical information in modeling will present a paradigm shift in molecular medicine. Embedding biological relevance via modeling molecular networks and pathways has become increasingly important for biomarker identification in cancer susceptibility and metastasis studies. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of computational methods used for biomarker identification, and provide a performance comparison of several network models used in studies of cancer susceptibility, disease progression, and prognostication. Specifically, we evaluated implication networks, Boolean networks, Bayesian networks, and Pearson's correlation networks in constructing gene coexpression networks for identifying lung cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The results show that implication networks, implemented in Genet package, identified sets of biomarkers that generated an accurate prediction of lung cancer risk and metastases; meanwhile, implication networks revealed more biologically relevant molecular interactions than Boolean networks, Bayesian networks, and Pearson's correlation networks when evaluated with MSigDB database.
Accumulation of nitrogen and organic matter during primary succession of Leymus arenarius dunes on the volcanic island Surtsey, Iceland
Authors: Stefansdottir G. , Aradottir A. L. , Sigurdsson B. D.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Initial soil development and enhanced nutrient retention are often important underlying environmental factors during primary succession. We quantified the accumulation rates of nitrogen (N) and soil organic matter (SOM) in a 37-year-long chronosequence of Leymus arenarius dunes on the pristine volcanic island Surtsey in order to illuminate the spatiotemporal patterns in their build-up. The Leymus dune area, volume and height grew exponentially over time. Aboveground plant biomass, cover or number of shoots per unit area did not change significantly with time, but root biomass accumulated with time, giving a root / shoot ratio of 19. The dunes accumulated on average 6.6 kg N ha−1 year−1, which was 3.5 times more than is received annually by atmospheric deposition. The extensive root system of Leymus seems to effectively retain and accumulate a large part of the annual N deposition, not only deposition directly on the dunes but also from the adjacent unvegetated areas. SOM per unit area increased exponentially with dune age, but the accumulation of roots, aboveground biomass and SOM was more strongly linked to soil N than time: a 1 g m−2 increase in soil N led on average to a 6 kg C m−2 increase in biomass and SOM. The Leymus dunes, where most of the N has been accumulated, will therefore probably act as hot spots for further primary succession of flora and fauna on the tephra sands of Surtsey.
"Dislocated Histories": The Canton Asylum for Insane Indians
Authors: Burch Susan
Published: October 2014

This work examines removals, institutions, and community lives in U.S. history. It centers on "dislocated histories" from South Dakota’s Canton Asylum, the only federal psychiatric hospital for American Indians. Between its opening in 1902 and forced closure in 1934, the Asylum ultimately held four hundred men, women, and children from seventeen states and nearly fifty tribal nations. Individual histories of those confined at Canton and their families are inextricably tied to broader stories of forced removals; the rise of penal, medical, and disability institutions; eugenics; and contests over citizenship and American identity in U.S. history. This work explores some of the methodological issues around how to present Canton Asylum, Native American, split family, and dislocated community histories. Central to the process is relocating this history, placing Canton inmates at the center. Considering the dislocated history of Elizabeth Alexis Fairbault and her family draws attention to the highly relational dimensions of these factors; this approach intentionally challenges racist, sexist, and ableist systems of power that shaped the options and experiences of people incarcerated at Canton. It complicates the dominant, institutional interpretation and--to a limited degree--restores those removed from their communities to our historical frameworks.
"Tired and Hungry" in North Carolina: A Critical Approach to Contesting Eugenic Discourse
Authors: Hamer Elliot M. , Quinlan Margaret M. , Grano Daniel A.
Published: October 2014

Historical interpretations of America’s eugenics programs show that no unified account exists and that a multiplicity of oftentimes competing ideological configurations contribute to the term eugenics. This essay focuses on recent controversies surrounding the decades-long eugenics programs in North Carolina and their illustration of the discursive and material implications of eugenic practices for marginalized populations. We examine the case of Elaine Riddick Jessie in order to critique the labeling (by state and medical institutions) of eugenics program subjects as deviant and disabled persons and to highlight the possibilities for creating alternative identities of gender, race, and disability. Our analysis of Jessie’s voice provides (1) a confrontation to scientifically derived meanings of disability imposed on her body, (2) a substitution of perceived cultural differences, and (3) evidence of these differences in embodied forms. The study concludes with a discussion highlighting the intersection of class, race, gender, and disability embedded in eugenic ideologies extending into the twenty-first century.
A Cape Verdean Perspective on Disability: An Invisible Minority in New England
Authors: Thomas Dawna M.
Published: October 2014

The disability rights movement has brought about broad change in what we see today socially in our imagination and pragmatically within the political landscape. Specifically, it has challenged what it means to be human and what it means to have the right to exist within a social democracy based on principles of equality. Yet the disability rights movement has paid little attention to how disability is understood within culturally diverse communities. Often culturally competent models have a "one-size-fits-all" approach that potentially contributes to disparities in service delivery. This approach generally ignores ethnic distinctions within broad racial/ ethnic categorizations such as black Americans and Latinos. The Cape Verdean Women’s Project explores the population of Cape Verdeans in the United States. Findings indicate that they are not only often culturally misidentified but also misunderstood especially as it relates to issues of disability. This study demonstrates how race, gender, and culture interact and often contradict mainstream disability philosophy and service practices.
La prépondérance étatique et les compétences municipales sur l’eau et le forage : étude de la validité d’un règlement de la Ville de Gaspé
Authors: Rousseau Guillaume
Published: October 2014

Le Règlement déterminant les distances séparatrices pour protéger les sources d’eau et puits artésiens et de surface dans la ville de Gaspé, qui interdit les forages près des sources d’eau, a été déclaré inopérant en février 2014. Pourtant, l’article 246 de la Loi sur l’aménagement et l’urbanisme, qui soustrait les opérations minières à cette loi, ne devrait pas affecter un règlement qui n’en découle pas exclusivement. Et l’article 124 de la Loi sur la qualité de l’environnement ne devrait pas rendre le règlement de la ville inopérant malgré l’existence de règlements gouvernementaux concernant l’environnement ou l’eau, soit un objet semblable mais non identique. La compétence en matière d’environnement et la compétence générale de la Loi sur les compétences municipales pourraient autoriser les municipalités à adopter un règlement visant les sources d’eau et touchant le forage pétrolier. Il n’y a pas de conflit réel entre le Règlement déterminant les distances séparatrices pour protéger les sources d’eau et puits artésiens et de surface dans la ville de Gaspé et le Règlement sur le pétrole, le gaz naturel et les réservoirs souterrains.
La judiciarisation et le non-recours ou l’usurpation du droit du logement – le cas du contentieux locatif des HLM au Nunavik
Authors: Gallié Martin , P. Bélair Marie-Claude
Published: October 2014

À partir de l’exemple du contentieux locatif des habitations à loyer modique (HLM) du Nunavik, les auteurs défendent l’hypothèse que le parallélisme entre la judiciarisation des locataires, d’une part, et le non-recours aux droits de ces mêmes locataires, d’autre part, révèle une instrumentalisation du contentieux par les pouvoirs publics et un détournement des fonctions de la Régie du logement. Concrètement, la Régie rend annuellement, à la demande de l’administration québécoise, des centaines de jugements ordonnant, dans une région polaire, l’expulsion de milliers de locataires. Ces derniers, qui sont logés depuis des dizaines d’années par l’État québécois dans des logements insalubres et surpeuplés, n’ont en revanche jamais recours au système judiciaire pour faire valoir leurs droits. Le droit du logement est ainsi systématiquement et méthodiquement détourné par les pouvoirs publics. En lieu et place de protéger les droits des locataires et de réguler l’activité de l’administration, le système judiciaire agit alors principalement comme auxiliaire des pouvoirs publics.
Une tentative de clarification de la présomption de respect des valeurs de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés
Authors: Power Mark C. , Bossé Darius
Published: October 2014

La présomption de respect des valeurs de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés est un principe d’interprétation qui a pour objet d’assurer une cohérence interne au sein des normes juridiques. Le présent article tente d’élucider les tiraillements de la Cour suprême du Canada à l’égard de ce principe. Dans la première partie, les auteurs retracent l’évolution de la présomption de respect des valeurs de la Charte afin d’en circonscrire la portée. Les débats internes de la Cour suprême seront mis en relief, et il sera démontré que celle-ci avait conçu initialement un rôle généreux pour le principe en question, mais qu’elle en a limité la portée subséquemment. Dans la deuxième partie, les auteurs relèvent les irrégularités qui caractérisent l’application de la présomption de respect des valeurs de la Charte. Ils concluent, dans la troisième partie, en proposant une réflexion à l’égard de la pertinence de cette présomption, dont l’efficacité actuelle aura été remise en question.
El origen de los procesos de patrimonialización: la afectividad como punto de partida
Authors: Gómez Redondo Carmen
Published: October 2014

En este artículo se pretende reflexionar sobre los procesos culturales más básicos sobre los que, a nuestros ojos, se generan los procesos de patrimonialización. De este modo, a lo largo del artículo se disecciona el concepto de patrimonio y patrimonialización hasta llegar a los procesos de vinculación afectiva con los objetos. Esto nos dará una noción de la construcción de los patrimonios a nivel individual como colectivo, así como de las posibilidades de interacción de los individuos en torno al patrimonio.
Pertenencia, propiedad e identidad son conceptos clave en la definición actual del patrimonio, y por tanto son tratados aquí desde esa vinculación afectiva. Queda patente un enfoque patrimonial desde lo humano en el que la dotación de sentido del entorno, y la conformación de comunidades son la clave para la comprensión del sentido patrimonial en nuestra sociedad.
Como conclusión a esta reflexión se hace necesaria la acción educativa como detonante y catalizador de estos procesos.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.5.3324
La expresión musical al servicio de la integración del conocimiento: Música en Educación Secundaria y currículum en red
Authors: Pérez García Macarena
Published: October 2014

Este trabajo, extraído de mi Trabajo Final del Máster en Profesor/a de Educación Secundaria,  propone la organización en red de los contenidos del currículum de Secundaria correspondientes a la asignatura de Música. Se trata de un modelo muy desarrollado durante las últimas décadas por teóricos de la didáctica de las artes visuales como A. D. Efland,  que consiste en la creación de retículas mediante la interconexión de conceptos. Su objetivo es potenciar la capacidad de análisis y relación de los estudiantes, así como transmitir una imagen más fiel del carácter interdisciplinar de las materias. Otros beneficios que se desprenden del currículum integrado, como se lo conoce también, son el aumento de la implicación del alumno en una dinámica de clase que se establece como dialogadora e interactiva, y el impulso de las competencias básicas. En definitiva, este trabajo nace de la convicción de que el modo en que se enseña es tan importante como lo que se enseña, o mejor, de que el modo en que se aprende es tan importante como lo que se aprende.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.5.3527
Biomarker reveals HIV's hidden reservoir
Authors: Cockerham Leslie R , Deeks Steven G
Published: October 2014

Determining the total amount of HIV DNA in people undergoing antiretroviral therapy could accelerate the development of novel therapies and potential cures for HIV infection.
Influence of Educational Environment on Learning Engagement of Indigenous Students
Authors: GARCIA AMOR M. , CUIZON REYNALDO O.
Published: October 2014

Poor learning engagement in the classroom as a global phenomenon has alsobeen observed among indigenous students.  Such problem has been ascertainedin several ethnic groups throughout the globe including the African, Latin andAmerican Indians.  Studies also revealed that indigenous students showed lessinterest and less engagement in learning than their non-indigenous peers. Thus,this study sought to determine the influence of learning environment on learningengagementof indigenous students.Usingcross-sectional,non-experimentalquantitativemethod and mean to measurethe levelof the conducivenessof thelearningenvironmentandtheleveloflearningengagementandlinearregressiontomeasurethedegreeof influence, thestudyrevealsthatconducivenessof learningenvironmentof schools for indigenous students was substantial and that thelearningengagement of indigenous students was oftentimes manifested. More-over, the 17.7% influence of the learning environment on the learning engagementof the indigenous students was seen to be significant.Keywords: Education, learning environment, learning engagement, student participation,indigenous students, indigenous people, descriptivedesign, Philippines
Implications of Uncollected Accounts to Fiscal and Operational Policy: A Case of Realty Corporation
Authors: TAN JOEL B.
Published: October 2014

Uncollected account is a critical indicator of financial volatility, profitability,and customer satisfaction. This business research sought to address the uncollected receivables of a realty corporation in Davao City that brought the organization to difficult cash position and exposed its financial instruments to liquidity and creditrisks for years. The study employed a qualitative, case study design. Data weregathered and analyzed through direct interviews with experts, phone surveys, andfinancial statement audit. The instrument used was a self-constructed interviewguide validated by experts. The “case analysis and business problem solvingmodel”, a scientific process approach to any business problems, was utilized asa tool in identifying the principal problem and the best alternative solution.Results of the analyses and evaluation suggest that hiring an in-house credit andcollection personnel will yield the greatest value of net advantage among otheralternatives drawn. When properly executed, supported and sustained, the bestcourse of action shall help the company maintain a high quality of receivables interms of size and age, establish responsibility and accountability in its collectionpolicies and strategies, reduce delinquencies and bad debts at a tolerable rate,increase chances of recovery and salvaged revenues, and improve its cash flowcondition and exposures to financial risks.Keywords: Social Science, accounting, receivables, uncollected account, case study,Realty Corporation, descriptive design, Philippines
Disordered Gambling: Characteristics and Treatment Strategies for Special Subgroups
Authors: SCOTT SHAWN ANDRE
Published: October 2014

The National Research Council defines problem gambling as a behaviour that does not meet the criteria for pathological gambling but results in harmful effects to gamblers and their social network. The study investigated disordered gambling including its characteristics and treatment strategies for special subgroups. The study used the descriptive research design including content analysis and interviews of key informants. Results showed little evidence about subgroup characteristics and special personal traits. The study concludes that affected and at-risk groups have not been adequately intervened directly.Keywords: Social Psychology, gambling, disordered gambling, at-risk groups, descriptivedesign, Philippines
High Levels of Political Socialization of the Three Generations
Authors: RABACA BONNIE HAMILTON D. , BAGOLONG SAIDAMIN P.
Published: October 2014

The political socialization of today’s generation lies on how they participate in political efficacy and political cynicism. People’s involvement in state’s activities will result to disparagement of others. This study tries to determine the levels of political socialization of the three generations, the Baby Boom, the Generation X and the Generation Y. It used descriptive method, with Mean and Analysis of Variance as statistical tools. Three hundred respondents were asked on their responses on the indicators using a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings showed that the Generation X observed high levels of political efficacy and political cynicism as regards to political and social issues, political interest, opinions of people including the government’s thought on new laws passed. However, people tend to be discouraged in political activities because of politician’s insincerity which resulted to decadence. Thus, the political socialization of the three generations somehow went beyond understanding politics but also can cause crucial and serious conflict.Keywords: Political socialization, baby boom, generation X and generation Y, descriptive method, Davao City, Philippines
Sustainable Livelihood and Community Perception of Tourism Development: A Case Study of Langkawi Island, Malaysia
Authors: SALLEH NORLIDA HANIM MOHD , IDRIS SITI HAJAR MOHD , OTHMAN REDZUAN , ADNAN MOHD ABDULLAH
Published: October 2014

This study is conducted in Langkawi Islands, Malaysia. Initially, majority ofthe people in the community are fisherfolks  and farmers. In 1987, the island hasbeen declared as one of Malaysia’s tax-duty zones. By this declaration, it led to the rapid growth of the tourism industry and changed the socioeconomic pattern of the community. This study is trying to evaluate the level of livelihood sustainabilityof the community and their perception on the impact of tourism developmentin Langkawi Island. Descriptive design of livelihood sustainability frameworkdeveloped by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP, 2005) and mean analysis were utilized. Under livelihood sustainability, four assets/indicators wereanalyzed, namely: human assets, financial assets, physical assets and social assets.As for community perception, it covers three aspects that are economic, social andenvironmental aspects. Face-to-face interviews involving a total of 493 respondentswere conducted in November-December 2011. The results indicate that thedevelopment of tourism in Langkawi Island bringsbenefits to the community in terms of the increment in their human, financial, physical and social assets.Community perception also supports that they gained economically, sociallyand environmentally benefits from the development of the tourism industry inLangkawi Island. Therefore, various incentives should be given to encourage theirinvolvement in this industry.Keywords: Tourism development, community perception, sustainable livelihood,descriptive design, Malaysia
Parental Mediation on Children’s TV Advertising Exposure and Children’s Materialism and Purchase Requests
Authors: CHAVES MARY GRETCHEN F.
Published: October 2014

This correlational study investigated parental mediation on children’s exposureto TV advertising and their children’s materialistic attitudes. It also examined the correlations between parental mediation and children’s requests to purchase merchandise. A dyadic survey of 250 parents and survey (aged 7-12) was conductedin early 2011 among urban middle income households in Cebu City, Philippines.Adopting the materialism measures of Buijzen and Valkenburg (2005) the resultsindicate that the children seem equivocal on “having a lot of money” and “owninga lot of things,” and shun being “able to buy things that cost a lot of money.”However, 70% have asked their parents to buy them merchandise seen advertisedon TV. Also adopting the parental mediation scale of Buijzen and Valkenburg(2005), the results show that parents guide their children about the value andcommercial intent of advertising but demonstrate more frequent mediation through “active” mediation behaviors than the “restrictive” mediation behaviors.The study concludes a negative correlation, albeit weak, between parents’ TVadvertising mediation and children’s attitudes on materialism, but none in thechildren’s request for merchandise advertised on TV.Keywords: Social sciences, TV advertising, parental TV mediation, factor analysis,correlational study, Philippines
Reflectance spectra of hydrated chlorine salts: The effect of temperature with implications for Europa
Authors: Hanley Jennifer , Dalton J. Brad , Chevrier Vincent F. , Jamieson Corey S. , Barrows R. Scott
Published: October 2014

Hydrated chlorine salts are expected to exist on a variety of planetary bodies, including inner planets such as Mars and outer planet satellites such as Europa. However, detection by remote sensing has been limited due to a lack of comparison data in spectral libraries. In addition, at low temperatures spectral features of many H2O‐bearing species deviate from their room temperature behavior. Thus, we acquired spectra of NaCl, NaClO4·nH2O, MgCl2·nH2O, Mg(ClO4)2·6H2O, and Mg(ClO3)2·6H2O from 0.35 to 2.5 µm at both 298 and 80 K to observe the effects of temperature on diagnostic spectral features. In the near‐infrared, the strongest spectral features often arise from water molecules. Increasing hydration states increases the depth and width of water bands. Interestingly, at low temperature these bands become narrower with sharper, better defined minima, allowing individual bands to be more easily resolved. We also measured frozen eutectic solutions of NaCl, MgCl2, and KCl. We show that while care must be taken to acquire laboratory spectra of all hydrated phases at the relevant conditions (e.g., temperature and pressure) for the planetary body being studied, chlorine salts do possess distinct spectral features that should allow for their detection by remote sensing.
Six centuries of changing oceanic mercury
Authors: Zhang Yanxu , Jaeglé Lyatt , Thompson LuAnne , Streets David G.
Published: October 2014

Mercury (Hg) is a global and persistent contaminant, affecting human health primarily via marine fish consumption. Large anthropogenic releases of Hg to the atmosphere by mining and coal combustion have resulted in a significant perturbation to the biogeochemical cycling of Hg. The magnitude of this perturbation and the relative roles of the ocean and land as sinks for anthropogenic Hg remain unclear. Here we use a 3‐D global ocean biogeochemical model to show that surface ocean Hg concentrations have increased fourfold over the last 600 years. We find that anthropogenic Hg enters the ocean's interior predominantly by absorption onto sinking organic matter particulates, which decompose and release Hg at a depth of 500–800 m, implying that the human perturbation is largest in subsurface waters of biologically productive regions. Our model simulation predicts that over the last six centuries half of emitted anthropogenic Hg has accumulated in the oceans and marine sediments.
Skill improvement from increased ensemble size and model diversity
Authors: DelSole Timothy , Nattala Jyothi , Tippett Michael K.
Published: October 2014

This paper proposes an objective procedure for deciding if the skill of a combination of forecasts is significantly larger than that of a single forecast, and for deciding if the observed improvement is dominated by reduction of noise associated with ensemble averaging, or by addition of new predictable signals. Information theory provides an attractive framework for addressing these questions. The procedure is applied to El Niño–Southern Oscillation hindcasts from the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) and reveals that the observed skill advantage of the NMME compared to individual models is substantially greater than that expected from increased ensemble size alone and is more consistent with the addition of new signals.
On attenuation of seismic waves associated with flow in fractures
Authors: Vinci C. , Renner J. , Steeb H.
Published: October 2014

Heterogeneity of porous media induces a number of fluid‐flow mechanisms causing attenuation of seismic waves. Attenuation induced by squirt‐type mechanisms has previously been analyzed for aspect ratios smaller or equal to 103. Using a hybrid‐dimensional modeling approach, particularly apt for large aspect ratio conduits, we numerically simulated deformation‐induced fluid flow along two intersecting fractures to investigate the physics of attenuation related to the interaction of fracture‐induced fluid flow and to leak‐off. Attenuation related to fracture flow increases in magnitude with increasing geometrical aspect ratio of the fracture. The inherent time scales of both flow mechanisms do not influence each other, but the faster process is associated with stronger attenuation than the slower process. Models relying on simple diffusion equations have rather limited potential for approximation of pressure transients.
Observation of collisionless shocks in a large current‐free laboratory plasma
Authors: Niemann C. , Gekelman W. , Constantin C. G. , Everson E. T. , Schaeffer D. B. , Bondarenko A. S. , Clark S. E. , Winske D. , Vincena S. , Van Compernolle B. , Pribyl P.
Published: October 2014

We report the first measurements of the formation and structure of a magnetized collisionless shock by a laser‐driven magnetic piston in a current‐free laboratory plasma. This new class of experiments combines a high‐energy laser system and a large magnetized plasma to transfer energy from a laser plasma plume to the ambient ions through collisionless coupling, until a self‐sustained MA∼ 2 magnetosonic shock separates from the piston. The ambient plasma is highly magnetized, current free, and large enough (17 m × 0.6 m) to support Alfvén waves. Magnetic field measurements of the structure and evolution of the shock are consistent with two‐dimensional hybrid simulations, which show Larmor coupling between the debris and ambient ions and the presence of reflected ions, which provide the dissipation. The measured shock formation time confirms predictions from computational work.
Modeling the relativistic runaway electron avalanche and the feedback mechanism with GEANT4
Authors: Skeltved Alexander Broberg , Østgaard Nikolai , Carlson Brant , Gjesteland Thomas , Celestin Sebastien
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the first study that uses the GEometry ANd Tracking 4 (GEANT4) toolkit to do quantitative comparisons with other modeling results related to the production of terrestrial gamma ray flashes and high‐energy particle emission from thunderstorms. We will study the relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA) and the relativistic feedback process, as well as the production of bremsstrahlung photons from runaway electrons. The Monte Carlo simulations take into account the effects of electron ionization, electron by electron (Møller), and electron by positron (Bhabha) scattering as well as the bremsstrahlung process and pair production, in the 250 eV to 100 GeV energy range. Our results indicate that the multiplication of electrons during the development of RREAs and under the influence of feedback are consistent with previous estimates. This is important to validate GEANT4 as a tool to model RREAs and feedback in homogeneous electric fields. We also determine the ratio of bremsstrahlung photons to energetic electrons Nγ/Ne. We then show that the ratio has a dependence on the electric field, which can be expressed by the avalanche time τ(E) and the bremsstrahlung coefficient α(ϵ). In addition, we present comparisons of GEANT4 simulations performed with a “standard” and a “low‐energy” physics list both validated in the 1 keV to 100 GeV energy range. This comparison shows that the choice of physics list used in GEANT4 simulations has a significant effect on the results.