bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of general and aesthetic effects between flapless and flap techniques in dental implantation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gao Xiaomeng , Qin Siyu , Cai He , Wan Qianbing
Published: October 2021

Background

Information about the aesthetic effects of flapless in implant surgeries is scant. Differences of the survival rate (SR) and crestal bone loss (CBL) between the two techniques were also controversial. Thus, this review was aimed to compare the general and aesthetic effects of flapless and flap approaches in implant surgeries.

Materials and methods

Following the principals of PRISMA, literature databases were searched for the eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical performances of flap and flapless techniques. After that, relevant data of selected studies were pooled and analyzed to compare SR, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), visual analogue scale (VAS), papillae presentation index (PPI), keratinized mucosa (KM) width and CBL between the two techniques.

Results

Fourteen RCTs were included. No significant difference was found in SR (RR = − 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) (− 0.05, 0.04)), BOP (OR = 0.40, 95% CI (0.15, 1.02)), KM width (WMD = − 0.42, 95% CI (− 1.02, 0.17)) between two groups. Subgroup analysis revealed that the difference of CBL was insignificant in two groups (WMD = − 0.13, 95% CI (− 0.63, 0.38)). However, flap techniques would lead more peri-implant PD (WMD = − 0.37, 95% CI (− 0.51, − 0.23)). Subgroup analysis also indicated lower VAS scores in flapless group after 1 day (WMD = − 1.66, 95% CI (− 2.16, − 1.16)) but comparable pain experience after 3 days (WMD = − 0.59, 95% CI (− 1.33, 0.16)). Mean difference of PPI (WMD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.28, 0.35)) between the two groups was significant.

Conclusions

The flapless procedure showed a superiority in preserving gingival papillae, reducing postoperative pain and peri-implant PD compared to the flap procedure, while exhibiting comparable effects on SR, BOP, KW width changes and CBL. Flapless technique is more recommended at the ideal soft and hard tissue implanting sites.
Cost-effectiveness of preemptive skin treatment to prevent skin-toxicity caused by panitumumab in third-line therapy for KRAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer in Japan
Authors: Kashiwa Munenobu , Matsushita Ryo
Published: October 2021

Background

Clinical management of skin-toxicity associated with the use of anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) antibodies to treat colorectal cancer maintains quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer. Results of clinical trials have recommended the efficacy of prophylactic treatment, but the cost-effectiveness is unclear. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of preventive skin care for skin-toxicity caused by panitumumab in third-line therapy for KRAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer from the perspective of the Japanese healthcare payer.

Methods

The data source was J-STEPP trial, which compared preemptive skin treatment with reactive treatment in third-line panitumumab therapy for KRAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer in Japan. The costs and effectiveness of preemptive treatment was compared with reactive treatment in a 3-year time horizon using a 4-state partitioned survival analysis. The health outcome was quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The costs were 2020 revisions to the drug prices. The robustness of the model was verified by one-way sensitivity analysis and a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA). A 2% annual discount was applied to the expenses and QALYs. Willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 5 million JPY was used.

Results

Preemptive treatment had incremental effects of 0.0029 QALYs, incremental costs of 5300 JPY (48.6 USD), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) of 1,843,395 JPY (16,912 USD) per QALY. The variability of preemptive and reactive treatment costs for skin-toxicity and the disutility of skin-toxicity had a large impact on ICER. From PSA, the cost-effectiveness rate of preemptive treatment was 75.0%.

Conclusions

The cost to effectiveness of preemptive treatment to prevent skin-toxicity caused by panitumumab in third-line therapy for KRAS wild type mCRC is not high.
Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers in metreleptin naïve patients with lipodystrophy
Authors: Saydam O , Ozgen Saydam B , Adiyaman SC , Sonmez Ince M , Eren MA , Keskin FE , Bilen H , Dagdeviren M , Kaya S , Akinci G , Balci A , Altay C , Bayraktar F , Oral EA , Akinci B
Published: October 2021

Aim

Patients with lipodystrophy are at high risk for chronic complications of diabetes. Recently, we have reported 18 diabetic foot ulcer episodes in 9 subjects with lipodystrophy. This current study aims to determine risk factors associated with foot ulcer development in this rare disease population.

Methods

Ninety metreleptin naïve patients with diabetes registered in our national lipodystrophy database were included in this observational retrospective cohort study (9 with and 81 without foot ulcers).

Results

Patients with lipodystrophy developing foot ulcers had longer diabetes duration (p = 0.007), longer time since lipodystrophy diagnosis (p = 0.008), and higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.041). Insulin use was more prevalent (p = 0.003). The time from diagnosis of diabetes to first foot ulcer was shorter for patients with generalized lipodystrophy compared to partial lipodystrophy (p = 0.036). Retinopathy (p < 0.001), neuropathy (p < 0.001), peripheral artery disease (p = 0.001), and kidney failure (p = 0.003) were more commonly detected in patients with foot ulcers. Patients with foot ulcers tended to have lower leptin levels (p = 0.052). Multiple logistic regression estimated significant associations between foot ulcers and generalized lipodystrophy (OR: 40.81, 95% CI: 3.31–503.93, p = 0.004), long-term diabetes (≥ 15 years; OR: 27.07, 95% CI: 2.97–246.39, p = 0.003), and decreased eGFR (OR: 13.35, 95% CI: 1.96–90.67, p = 0.008).

Conclusions

Our study identified several clinical factors associated with foot ulceration among patients with lipodystrophy and diabetes. Preventive measures and effective treatment of metabolic consequences of lipodystrophy are essential to prevent the occurrence of foot ulcers in these high-risk individuals.
Role of chaperone-mediated autophagy in the pathophysiology including pulmonary disorders
Authors: Hosaka Yusuke , Araya Jun , Fujita Yu , Kuwano Kazuyoshi
Published: October 2021

Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism of delivering cytoplasmic components for lysosomal degradation. Among the three major autophagic pathways, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is primarily characterized by its selective nature of protein degradation, which is mediated by heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70: also known as HSPA8) recognition of the KFERQ peptide motif in target proteins. Lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A) is responsible for substrate binding and internalization to lysosomes, and thus, the lysosomal expression level of LAMP2A is a rate-limiting factor for CMA. Recent advances have uncovered not only physiological but also pathological role of CMA in multiple organs, including neurodegenerative disorders, kidney diseases, liver diseases, heart diseases, and cancers through the accumulation of unwanted proteins or increased degradation of target proteins with concomitant metabolic alterations resulting from CMA malfunction. With respect to pulmonary disorders, the involvement of CMA has been demonstrated in lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis through regulating apoptosis. Further understanding of CMA machinery may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of refractory disorders and lead to novel treatment modalities through CMA modulation.
Osteosynthesis and outcomes of traumatic periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Taha Ali , ElZaher ElZaher Hassan , ElGanzoury Ibrahim , Ashoub Mostafa , Khairy Amr
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the treatment of traumatic periprosthetic femoral fractures with open reduction and internal fixation. The outcomes with the use of the surgical techniques were also reported.

Methods

Between September 2017 and September 2019, 25 patients with traumatic periprosthetic femoral fractures were managed by open reduction and internal fixation in Ain Shams University Hospital, Egypt. The fixation methods were selected based on the surgeon’s preference. Outcomes were assessed using the Harris Hip Score, visual analogue score (VAS) for pain, and EuroQol 5 Dimensions – 5 Level (EQ5D-5L) prior to and after surgery. Patients were regularly followed up for one year. A P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

The mean age at surgery was 77 years (range, 51 to 95 years), 64% (n = 16) were females. According to the Vancouver classification, there were 1 type AG, 15 type B1, and 9 type C fractures. Postoperative complications included wound site infection (n = 2) and non-union (n = 1). The mean pre-trauma Harris Hip Score was 77.44 ± 8.63 (range, 65 to 90), and the mean Harris Hip Score collected at the final follow-up was 72.47 ± 8.85 (range, 60 to 86) (P < 0.05). The mean pre-trauma VAS was 2.20 ± 1.21 (range, 0 to 4), and the mean VAS recorded at the final follow-up was 3.00 ± 1.41 (range, 0 to 5) (P < 0.05). According to the EQ5D-DL assessed at the final follow-up, no patient felt that their daily life and activities became more problematic.

Conclusion

This study provided added validation of the current management of periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty. Using the proper fixation and implant can achieve a reliable fixation and good functional recovery.

Level of evidence

IVa
Biscuits: a systematic review and meta-analysis of improving the nutritional quality and health benefits
Authors: Goubgou Mahamadé , Songré-Ouattara Laurencia T. , Bationo Fabrice , Lingani-Sawadogo Hagrétou , Traoré Yves , Savadogo Aly
Published: October 2021

Biscuits are ready-to-eat foods that are traditionally prepared mainly with wheat flour, fat, and sugar. Recently, biscuits’ technologies have been rapidly developed to improve their nutritional properties. This study aimed to determine the strategies of improving the nutritional quality of biscuits and the potential health benefits associated with them. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, including articles on biscuits improved by technological processes and raw materials variation. Studies were searched from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science published between 1997 and 2020, in English and French. The meta-analysis was performed using RStudio software, version 4.0.4 to classify the biscuits. One hundred and seven eligible articles were identified. Rice, pea, potato, sorghum, buckwheat, and flaxseed flours were respectively the most found substitutes to wheat flour. But the meta-analysis shown that the copra and foxtail millet biscuit fortified with amaranth, the wheat biscuits fortified with okra, and rice biscuits fortified with soybeans had a high protein content. These biscuits therefore have a potential to be used as complementary foods. The substitution of sugar and fat by several substitutes lead to a decrease in carbohydrates, fat, and energy value. It has also brought about an increase in other nutrients such as dietary fiber, proteins/amino acids, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds. Among the sugar and fat substitutes, stevia and inulin were respectively the most used. Regarding the use of biscuits in clinical trials, they were mainly used for addressing micronutrient deficiency and for weight loss.
Brain tumors and indications for brain imaging in patients with psychiatric manifestations: a case report
Authors: Javadi Seyed Alireza Haji Seyed , Rezaei Bahare
Published: October 2021

Background

Studies on the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and brain tumors are ambiguous, as it is not clear whether these symptoms are due to the direct effect of the tumor or a secondary psychological response to stress, resulting from the diagnosis and treatment of the disease; therefore, it is difficult to analyze and retrieve relevant information.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 43-year-old male patient, who was admitted to a psychiatric emergency room with psychiatric symptoms, such as restlessness and extreme talkativeness, but normal neurological examinations. He showed no response to outpatient treatment and had no history of psychiatric disorders. The onset of symptoms was 2 months before his visit. On neuroimaging, a brain tumor was observed in the right temporal and occipital lobes. Accordingly, the patient was transferred to the neurosurgery ward.

Conclusion

Factors, such as increased internal pressure on the brain due to a brain tumor or the effect of tumor area, contribute to the occurrence of symptoms, such as restlessness and talkativeness. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Acquisition/Processing: Machine learning-based deblending: Dispersed source array data example
Authors: Baardman Rolf H. , Hegge Rob F.
Published: October 2021

Machine learning (ML) has proven its value in the seismic industry with successful implementations in areas of seismic interpretation such as fault and salt dome detection and velocity picking. The field of seismic processing research also is shifting toward ML applications in areas such as tomography, demultiple, and interpolation. Here, a supervised ML deblending algorithm is illustrated on a dispersed source array (DSA) data example in which both high- and low-frequency vibrators were deployed simultaneously. Training data pairs of blended and corresponding unblended data were constructed from conventional (unblended) data from another survey. From this training data, the method can automatically learn a deblending operator that is used to deblend for both the low- and the high-frequency vibrators of the DSA data. The results obtained on the DSA data are encouraging and show that the ML deblending method can offer a good performing, less user-intensive alternative to existing deblending methods.
Reviews
Authors: Avakian Bob
Published: October 2021

Fundamentals of Geophysics, third edition, by William Lowrie and Andreas Fichtner, ISBN 978-1-108-49273-7, 2020, Cambridge University Press, 420 p.
Suicide rates among patients subject to community treatment orders in England during 2009–2018
Authors: Hunt Isabelle M. , Webb Roger T. , Turnbull Pauline , Graney Jane , Ibrahim Saied , Shaw Jenny , Kapur Nav , Appleby Louis
Published: October 2021

Background

Community treatment orders (CTOs) enable patients to be treated in the community rather than under detention in hospital. Population-based studies of suicide among patients subject to a CTO are scarce.

Aims

To compare suicide rates among patients subject to a CTO with all discharged psychiatric patients and those detained for treatment but not subject to a CTO at discharge (‘CTO-eligible’ patients).

Method

From a national case series of patients who died by suicide within 12 months of contact with mental health services in England during 2009–2018, we estimated average annual suicide rates for all discharged patients, those on a CTO at the time of suicide, those ever treated under a CTO and CTO-eligible patients.

Results

Suicide rates for patients on a CTO at the time of suicide (191.3 per 100 000 patients) were lower than all discharged patients (482.3 per 100 000 discharges). Suicide rates were similar in those ever treated under a CTO (350.1 per 100 000 CTOs issued) and in CTO-eligible patients (382.9 per 100 000 discharges). Suicide rates within 12 months of discharge were higher in persons ever under a CTO (205.1 per 100 000 CTOs issued) than CTO-eligible patients (161.5 per 100 000 discharges), but this difference was reversed for rates after 12 months of discharge (153.2 per 100 000 CTOs issued v. 223.4 per 100 000 discharges).

Conclusions

CTOs may be effective in reducing suicide risk. The relative benefits of CTOs and intensive aftercare may be time-dependent, with the benefit of a CTO being less before 12 months after discharge but greater thereafter. CTO utilisation requires a careful balancing of patient safety versus autonomy.
Association Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly Patients With Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hong Sangmo , Park Jung Hwan , Han Kyungdo , Lee Chang Beom , Kim Dong Sun , Yu Sung Hoon
Published: October 2021

Context

Some studies have suggested that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) concomitant with obesity have better clinical outcomes than normal-weight patients with T2DM.

Objective

We evaluated associations among obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, and mortality in elderly patients with T2DM without CVD.

Methods

This retrospective observational study from 2009 to 2017, with a mean follow-up of 7.26 years, included 249 903 elderly (≥ 65 years) patients with T2DM and no preexisting CVD from the Korean National Health Information Database. We categorized subjects according to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and analyzed a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause death using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, adjusting for baseline covariates.

Results

The incidence rate of composite primary outcomes was 30.95/1000 person-years. The primary outcome risk had an L-shaped and a U-shaped association with BMI and WC, respectively. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, the risk of primary composite outcomes in the highest BMI group (≥ 30 kg/m2; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.824; 95% CI, 0.794-0.855) was lower than in the normal BMI group (≥ 18.5 and < 23 kg/m2). Conversely, that in the highest WC group (≥ 100 cm/≥ 95 cm; men/women; HR = 1.434; 95% CI, 1.384-1.486) was higher than in the normal WC group (< 90 cm/< 85 cm; men/women).

Conclusion

Our study with elderly patients with diabetes results suggest that while BMI is an inadequate risk indicator for outcomes related to obesity, WC is a suitable alternative.
The Poverty Balancing Equation: Expressing Poverty of Place as a Population Process
Authors: Mueller J. Tom
Published: October 2021

The accurate measurement of poverty is essential for the development of effective poverty policy. Unfortunately, approaches that use poverty rates to assess the causes and consequences of poverty do not fully capture the components of change in the poverty population because changes in the conventional poverty rate can occur owing to processes of natural increase, migration, or transitions in and out of poverty. This article presents an accounting framework for changes in poverty within and between places. The framework, termed the poverty balancing equation, generates a series of summary statistics that can be used in place of the conventional poverty rate in future research. The approach is demonstrated using the 2014 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation to generate state-level estimates of the poverty components of change for three states in the American South between January and December of 2013. Results show that even when poverty rates remain constant, there is significant dynamism within poor and nonpoor populations. By applying this approach, either completely or in part, researchers can provide more specific and actionable evidence for poverty alleviation policy.
Impact of livestock interventions on maternal and child nutrition outcomes in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Muema Josphat , Oyugi Julius , Bukania Zipporah , Nyamai Mutono , Jost Christine , Daniel Tewoldeberhan , Njuguna Joseph , Thumbi Samuel Mwangi
Published: October 2021

The challenge of undernutrition (stunting and wasting) still remains a major health concern in children below 5 years of age in Africa, with the continent accounting for more than one third of all stunted children and more than one quarter of all wasted children globally. Despite the growing evidence on the role of agriculture interventions in improving nutrition, empirical evidence on the impact of livestock intervention on nutrition in Africa is scant.

This review is aimed at determining whether livestock interventions are effective in reducing undernutrition in children below five years of age and in pregnant and lactating women in Africa. The review will be conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Major electronic databases will be searched and complemented with grey and non-indexed literature from google and google scholar, and expert consultation for additional articles and reports. PICO criteria will be used while employing search strategies including MeSH, Boolean search operators and truncation/wildcard symbol to narrow or broaden the search. Articles on effect of livestock interventions on maternal and child nutrition conducted in Africa that meet the set inclusion criteria will be included in the review after critical appraisal by two independent reviewers. A standardized form will be used to extract data from included studies. The extracted data will be summarized and synthesized both qualitatively and quantitatively and key outcomes presented. Evidence generated from the systematic review and meta-analysis will be important for guiding nutrition sensitive livestock interventions and policies on nutrition programming, specifically on how to leverage on livestock interventions to reduce the burden of undernutrition.
Behaviour change and physical activity interventions for physical activity engagement in community dwelling adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Hanrahan Ciara , Broderick Julie , O’Connor Terence M. , McVeigh Joseph G.
Published: October 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex respiratory disease and the third leading cause of death worldwide. Pulmonary rehabilitation is recognised as the gold standard of care in the management of COPD, however engagement with pulmonary rehabilitation is low and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle in community dwelling adults with COPD is poor. Supporting positive behaviour change in people with COPD could help to increase their engagement with physical activity. This systematic review will examine behaviour change and physical activity interventions delivered to community dwelling adults with COPD with the aim of increasing physical activity engagement. Interventions will be mapped against Michie’s theoretical domains framework (TDF) to inform clinical practice and health policy.

Methods: The following databases will be searched from inception until December 2021: Web of Science, CENTRAL, MEDLINE (via EBSCO), EMBASE, APA PsychINFO, CINAHL (via EBSCO), AMED, PROSPERO, Cochrane Airways Trials Register. Reference lists of the relevant studies and grey literature will be searched using Grey Literature Report, Open Grey and Google Scholar search engines. Relevant studies will be systematically reviewed and subject to quality appraisal to determine the impact of behaviour change and physical activity interventions on outcomes of community-dwelling adults with COPD. Interventions will be mapped to Michie’s TDF and a narrative synthesis with respect to nature, effectiveness on target population and setting/environment will be provided. Findings will be reported in relation to the generalisability of the primary results and research question, and will include secondary findings on quality of life, self-reported participation in physical activity, exercise capacity, adverse events and intervention adherence. The review will be presented according to the PRISMA guidelines 2020.

Conclusions: This systematic review is necessary to explain the impact of behaviour change and physical activity interventions on outcomes of community dwelling people with COPD.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42021264965 (29.06.2021)
The museum of the History of Medicine of Vilnius University
Authors: Kušeliauskaitė Irma , Žalnora Aistis
Published: October 2021

The museum of medicine of Vilnius university is one of the unique museums devoted to the issues of medicine in Lithuania. It was created out of the clinical practice by Vilnius university physicians. Early museum served as a curiosity cabinet as well as a teaching museum. After the closure of Vilnius university in the mid of 19th century the museum was destroyed by Tsar’s government. In the early 20th century museum was reestablished by the Polish government. The modern collections were added with craniological and osteological specimens as well as pathology exhibition. The contemporary museum was created in the last decade of 20th century. In the last period museum servers both academic and public interest. Museum includes interwar, soviet exhibits and collection of medical books.
Epistemiczne podstawy badań metodami mieszanymi
Authors: Kawalec Paweł
Published: October 2021

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Interdyscyplinarność jako jeden ze współczesnych wymogów bycia naukowcem – wyzwania i dylematy
Authors: Prawelska-Skrzypek Grażyna
Published: October 2021

.
On the Futility of Dynamics in Robust Mechanism Design
Authors: Balseiro Santiago R. , Kim Anthony , Russo Daniel
Published: October 2021

We consider a principal who repeatedly interacts with a strategic agent holding private information. In each round, the agent observes an idiosyncratic shock drawn independently and identically from a distribution known to the agent but not to the principal. The utilities of the principal and the agent are determined by the values of the shock and outcomes that are chosen by the principal based on reports made by the agent. When the principal commits to a dynamic mechanism, the agent best-responds to maximize his aggregate utility over the whole time horizon. The principal’s goal is to design a dynamic mechanism to minimize his worst-case regret, that is, the largest difference possible between the aggregate utility he could obtain if he knew the agent’s distribution and the actual aggregate utility he obtains. We identify a broad class of games in which the principal’s optimal mechanism is static without any meaningful dynamics. The optimal dynamic mechanism, if it exists, simply repeats an optimal mechanism for a single-round problem in each round. The minimax regret is the number of rounds times the minimax regret in the single-round problem. The class of games includes repeated selling of identical copies of a single good or multiple goods, repeated principal-agent relationships with hidden information, and repeated allocation of a resource without money. Outside this class of games, we construct examples in which a dynamic mechanism provably outperforms any static mechanism.
Promoting effect of acylated homoserine lactone on the healing of tissue damage in model rats with incontinence-associated dermatitis
Authors: Mugita Yuko , Minematsu Takeo , Nakagami Gojiro , Sanada Hiromi
Published: October 2021

Objective:

One of the most common complications in patients with incontinence is incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). This study was conducted to determine the pathophysiology of the healing process of IAD and to develop an effective therapeutic approach according to its pathophysiology.

Method:

IAD was reproduced on a dorsal rat skin by applying agarose gel containing water and enzymes, and inoculating it with bacteria. Examination of the IAD healing process suggested that the promotion of keratinocyte migration and improvement of basement membrane enhance keratinocyte layer elongations, which contribute to IAD healing. A therapeutic approach using N-(3-oxotetradecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, which is one of the acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) and can promote keratinocyte migration in vitro, was applied on the IAD area in rats.

Results:

AHL treatment after IAD development resulted in an earlier tipping point for recovery than the vehicle treatment. Histological and immunohistological analyses revealed that the tissue surface was already covered by the epidermis, indicating the results of elongation of the keratinocyte layer from hair follicles. The characteristics of the alignment of basal keratinocytes, the existence of stratum corneum, and the membrane-like distribution of the components of basement membrane were similar to those of a normal epidermis.

Conclusion:

These results suggested that AHL application possibly contributed to earlier IAD healing before progressing to a severe state. Although elongation of the keratinocyte layer was observed in both the AHL and vehicle groups, the possibility that AHL application promotes IAD healing was suggested. The new concept of the enhancement of keratinocyte migration as a therapeutic approach for IAD would change the skin care strategy for IAD in the healthcare setting.
Magneto-refractive properties and measurement of an erbium-doped fiber
Authors: Liu Sichen , Huang Yi , Deng Chuanlu , Hu Chengyong , Huang Caihong , Dong Yanhua , Shang Yana , Chen Zhenyi , Zhang Xiaobei , Wang Tingyun
Published: October 2021

The magneto-refractive properties of an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) are investigated by theoretically analyzing the change in mode characteristics with a magnetic field and experimentally measuring it based on a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The numerical results indicate that the mode effective refractive index (RI) increases as the magnetic field increases, and the mode field intensity distribution tends to be more concentrated in the core region with an increasing magnetic field. The variation in the mode effective RI of the fundamental mode with the magnetic field is greater than that of the higher-order modes. A magneto-refractive measurement system based on a fiber-optic MZI is set up to analyze the magneto-refractive effect of the EDF. The changes in the mode effective RI measured with a direct-current (DC) magnetic field and with a 100 Hz alternating-current (AC) magnetic field are 4.838×10−6 and 4.245×10−6 RIU/mT, respectively. The experimental results are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical analysis. Furthermore, the error between the experimental and numerical results is discussed. The magneto-refractive properties of the EDF exhibit potential in all-fiber magnetic field or current sensing area.
Optically induced hybrid Bose–Fermi system in quantum wells with different charge carriers
Authors: Kibis O. V. , Boev M. V. , Kovalev V. M.
Published: October 2021

It is demonstrated theoretically that the circularly polarized irradiation of two-dimensional conducting systems can produce composite bosons consisting of two electrons with different effective masses (different charge carriers), which are stable due to the Fermi sea of conduction electrons. As a result, an optically induced mixture of paired electrons and normal conduction electrons (the hybrid Bose–Fermi system) appears. Elementary excitations in such a hybrid system are analyzed, and possible manifestations of the light-induced electron pairing are discussed for semiconductor quantum wells.
Analytic phase solutions of three-wave interactions
Authors: Bahk Seung-Whan
Published: October 2021

Closed-form analytic phase solutions of three-wave interactions are presented for the first time, to the best of my knowledge. Cases from simple second-harmonic generation to the most general three-wave interactions without any constraints are considered. The phase amplification or deamplification behavior in the phase-sensitive parametric process is illustrated using the results obtained here. The analytic solutions agree with the results from direct numerical integration. The validity range of an approximate phase solution is discussed.
Ultrafast single-photon detection at high repetition rates based on optical Kerr gates under focusing: erratum
Authors: Fattah Abdul-Hamid , Flatae Assegid Mengistu , Farrag Amr , Agio Mario
Published: October 2021

Two typos are corrected, and the linear refractive index

n

is removed from the expressions of
the phase shift in Opt. Lett. 46, 560
(2021)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.414895. The removal of

n

reduces the gate efficiency, but it
does not affect the general findings. Here, we present the corrected
equations and the corresponding new numerical results, showing that
increasing the pulse energy from 1.8 nJ to 4 nJ leads to nearly the
same results of Opt. Lett. 46, 560
(2021)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.414895.
High accuracy measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting in a 113Cd+ microwave clock: erratum
Authors: Miao K. , Zhang J. W. , Sun X. L. , Wang S. G. , Zhang A. M. , Liang K. , Wang L. J.
Published: October 2021

We present an erratum to our Letter [Opt. Lett.
40, 4249 (2015)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.40.004249].
This erratum corrects the nuclear Lande factor
gI in Eq. (2). After correcting the error,
the final ground-state hyperfine splitting frequency of the

113

C

d

+

ion is determined to be
15199862855.0287(10) Hz.
Interleukin-22 mitigates acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Authors: Taghavi Sharven , Jackson-Weaver Olan , Abdullah Sarah , Wanek Alanna , Drury Robert , Packer Jacob , Cotton-Betteridge Aaron , Duchesne Juan , Pociask Derek , Kolls Jay
Published: October 2021

Background

The goal of this study was to determine if IL-22:Fc would Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Summary background data

No therapies exist for ARDS and treatment is purely supportive. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) plays an integral component in recovery of the lung from infection. IL-22:Fc is a recombinant protein with a human FC immunoglobulin that increases the half-life of IL-22.

Study design

ARDS was induced in C57BL/6 mice with intra-tracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 33.3 or 100 ug. In the low-dose LPS group (LDG), IL-22:FC was administered via tail vein injection at 30 minutes (n = 9) and compared to sham (n = 9). In the high-dose LPS group (HDG), IL-22:FC was administered (n = 11) then compared to sham (n = 8). Euthanasia occurred after bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) on post-injury day 4.

Results

In the LDG, IL-22:FC resulted in decreased protein leak (0.15 vs. 0.25 ug/uL, p = 0.02). BAL protein in animals receiving IL-22:Fc in the HDG was not different. For the HDG, animals receiving IL-22:Fc had lower BAL cell counts (539,636 vs 3,147,556 cells/uL, p = 0.02). For the HDG, IL-6 (110.6 vs. 527.1 pg/mL, p = 0.04), TNF-α (5.87 vs. 25.41 pg/mL, p = 0.04), and G-CSF (95.14 vs. 659.6, p = 0.01) levels were lower in the BAL fluid of IL-22:Fc treated animals compared to sham.

Conclusions

IL-22:Fc decreases lung inflammation and lung capillary leak in ARDS. IL-22:Fc may be a novel therapy for ARDS.
Continuous positive airway pressure to reduce the risk of early peripheral oxygen desaturation after onset of apnoea in children: A double-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: dos Santos Neto Jayme Marques , de Carvalho Clístenes Cristian , de Andrade Lívia Barboza , Dos Santos Thiago Gadelha Batista , Andrade Rebeca Gonelli Albanez da Cunha , Fernandes Raphaella Amanda Maria Leite , de Orange Flavia Augusta
Published: October 2021

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during anaesthesia induction improves oxygen saturation (SpO2) outcomes in adults subjected to airway manipulation, and could similarly support oxygenation in children. We evaluated whether CPAP ventilation and passive CPAP oxygenation in children would defer a SpO2 decrease to 95% after apnoea onset compared to the regular technique in which no positive airway pressure is applied. In this double-blind, parallel, randomised controlled clinical trial, 68 children aged 2–6 years with ASA I–II who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia were divided into CPAP and control groups (n = 34 in each group). The intervention was CPAP ventilation and passive CPAP oxygenation using an anaesthesia workstation. The primary outcome was the elapsed time until SpO2 decreased to 95% during a follow-up period of 300 s from apnoea onset (T1). We also recorded the time required to regain baseline levels from an SpO2 of 95% aided by positive pressure ventilation (T2). The median T1 was 278 s (95% confidence interval [CI]: 188–368) in the CPAP group and 124 s (95% CI: 92–157) in the control group (median difference: 154 s; 95% CI: 58–249; p = 0.002). There were 17 (50%) and 32 (94.1%) primary events in the CPAP and control groups, respectively. The hazard ratio was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.14–0.48; p<0.001). The median for T2 was 21 s (95% CI: 13–29) and 29 s (95% CI: 22–36) in the CPAP and control groups, respectively (median difference: 8 s; 95% CI: -3 to 19; p = 0.142). SpO2 was significantly higher in the CPAP group than in the control group throughout the consecutive measures between 60 and 210 s (with p ranging from 0.047 to <0.001). Thus, in the age groups examined, CPAP ventilation and passive CPAP oxygenation deferred SpO2 decrease after apnoea onset compared to the regular technique with no positive airway pressure.
Assessment of serum amylase, lipase and associated factors among patients with visceral leishmaniasis treated with sodium stibogluconate/paromomycin at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mengstie Tiget Ayelgn , Endale Hiwot Tezera , Mulaw Tadele , Abdella Aman Mossa , Mohammed Rezika , Malik Tabarak , Dessie Gashaw
Published: October 2021

Background

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening parasitic disease next to malaria, which is responsible for the death of 50,000 patients annually. It has three major clinical stages, including visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Ethiopia is one of the east African countries commonly affected with leishmanisis disease. There are many drugs for leishmaniasis, including sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin combined therapy. However, the adverse effect of those combined drugs is not well-defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess serum amylase, lipase, and associated factors among patients with VL treatment with those combined drugs.

Methods

Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center from February to September 2020 G.C. Simple random sampling technique was utilized to select study participants. The study participants who fulfill the inclusion criteria were included in the study with written informed consent. 5 ml of blood was withdrawn by an experienced health professional to analyze serum amylase and lipase level. Descriptive data was presented by tables, charts and graphs. Data was cleared, entered by Epi-data version 3.1 then transfer to STATA 14.1 SE version and for analysis paired t-test was used, for factors correlation and regression was used. Those factor variable who have p-value <0.25 was filtered and goes to multivariate regression and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant variables.

Results

The result of this study showed that there was a significant mean difference between serum pancreatic amylase and lipase before and after treatment. The mean ± SD level of serum amylase after treatment showed a statistically significant elevation (P<0.001) as compared to its level before treatment. Similarly, the mean ± SD level of serum lipase after treatment showed a statistically significant elevation (P<0.001) as compared to its level before treatment. There was also significant association between age and baseline serum amylase as compared to serum amylase after treatment. Similarly, there was also significant relation of age and serum lipase with serum lipase after treatment.

Conclusion

In this study, the level of serum amylase and lipase at treatment of cure was higher and there was an increase in mean serum amylase and lipase after a patient taking sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin combined drugs. Consequently, the elevated result of these biochemical profiles mainly associated with drug induced adverse effect and associated risk factors in VL patients.
Diabetic macular edema: Safe and effective treatment with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (Taioftal)
Authors: Sorrentino Francesco Saverio , Bonifazzi Claudio , Parmeggiani Francesco
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To suggest the safety and efficacy of preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide intravitreal injectable suspension (Taioftal) for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.

Methods

A prospective clinical study involved 49 patients (49 eyes), that were treated with Taioftal and followed-up for six months. Complete ophthalmic examination, including spectral domain optical coherence tomography, was performed at baseline, and at month 1, 3, 6 after the intravitreal injection. Accurate collection and analysis of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and adverse events (AEs) were carried out in order to evaluate visual function and macular morphology before and after treatment

Results

Median BCVA value chosen as comparing statistics was significantly improved at every follow-up time points (gain of 6 letters at month 1, 12 at month 3 –improvement up to 24% at month 3 with stabilization until month 6) compared to baseline, as certified by Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (P<0.05). Median CFT significantly waned at each follow-up times (decrease of about 65 μm at month 1, 155 at month 3 –reduction up to 28% at month 3 keeping good outcome until month 6) compared to baseline (P<0.05). IOP elevation, with no severe increases, was the most common among spotted AEs (median of 23 mmHg at month 1, 20 at month 3).

Conclusion

Intravitreal injection of preservative-free triamcinolone (Taioftal) is an effective, safe and inexpensive drug used to improve visual acuity and reduce central foveal thickness in eyes affected by diabetic macular edema during an average time of 6 months. Temporary, never severe, elevation of IOP is totally manageable with topical medications. No serious vision-threatening complications are related to the use of intravitreal triamcinolone injections.
Assay for dual cargo sorting into endoplasmic reticulum exit sites imaged by 3D Super-resolution Confocal Live Imaging Microscopy (SCLIM)
Authors: Rodriguez-Gallardo Sofia , Kurokawa Kazuo , Sabido-Bozo Susana , Cortes-Gomez Alejandro , Perez-Linero Ana Maria , Aguilera-Romero Auxiliadora , Lopez Sergio , Waga Miho , Nakano Akihiko , Muñiz Manuel
Published: October 2021

Understanding how in eukaryotic cells thousands of proteins are sorted from each other through the secretory pathway and delivered to their correct destinations is a central issue of cell biology. We have further investigated in yeast how two distinct types of cargo proteins are sorted into different endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites (ERES) for their differential ER export to the Golgi apparatus. We used an optimized protocol that combines a live cell dual-cargo ER export system with a 3D simultaneous multi-color high-resolution live cell microscopy called Super-resolution Confocal Live Imaging Microscopy (SCLIM). Here, we describe this protocol, which is based on the reversible ER retention of two de novo co-expressed cargos by blocking COPII function upon incubation of the thermo-sensitive COPII allele sec31-1 at restrictive temperature (37°C). ER export is restored by shifting down to permissive temperature (24°C) and progressive incorporation of the two different types of cargos into the fluorescently labelled ERES can be then simultaneously captured at 3D high spatial resolution by SCLIM microscopy. By using this protocol, we have shown that newly synthesized glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins having a very long chain ceramide lipid moiety are clustered and sorted into specialized ERES that are distinct from those used by transmembrane secretory proteins. Furthermore, we showed that the chain length of the ceramide present in the ER membrane is critical for this sorting selectivity. Therefore, thanks to the presented method we could obtain the first direct in vivo evidence for lipid chain length-based protein cargo sorting into selective ERES.
La renovación de los cuadros políticos locales en el primer franquismo: el papel del tercio sindical
Authors: Pérez Enbeita Antonio
Published: October 2021

El propósito de este artículo es plantear la hipótesis del uso por parte de la dictadura franquista de las elecciones locales y concretamente del tercio sindical para renovar los cuadros políticos locales. Se introdujeron así en las instituciones personas de un perfil diferente al que hasta ese momento había monopolizado dichos cargos. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio de caso en la ciudad de Bilbao, en la que la élite económica local controlaba el Ayuntamiento y monopolizaba los puestos en el mismo, y en la que la implantación del sistema de tercios implicó un cambio en el perfil socio económico de buena parte de los ediles elegidos por el tercio sindical. La característica clave de esta nueva generación de políticos fue la lealtad absoluta a la dictadura, al haber desarrollado toda su carrera política cuando esta estaba ya implantada.
Reseña de Luis Alberto Arrrioja Diaz Viruell, Bajo el crepúsculo de los insectos. Clima, plagas y trastornos sociales en el reino de Guatemala (1768-1805)
Authors: Alberola Romá Armando
Published: October 2021

Reseña: Luis Alberto Arrioja Díaz Viruell, Bajo el crepúsculo de los insectos. Clima, plagas y trastornos sociales en el reino de Guatemala (1768-1805), Zamora (Michoacán), El Colegio de Michoacán/USAC Tricentenaria/Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, 2019, 323 pp. ISBN: 978-607-544-073-6.
“Vamos brincar de poesia?”
Authors: Marinho Giulianny Russo , Leão Aline
Published: October 2021

O presente relato disserta sobre o trabalho com a poesia desenvolvido com crianças entre 6 e 7 anos, em uma turma de 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental 1. Buscamos, por meio de diversas situações de apreciação do texto poético, restituir a poesia ao seu lugar: como prática social dentro da escola; como palavra viva que habilita a construção da subjetividade das crianças enquanto elas brincam com as palavras; como gênero fronteiriço, cujo significado se amplifica à medida que incorpora e é incorporado por outras expressões: artísticas, corporais, lúdicas e como posicionamento diante do mundo; e como expressão que ultrapassa o texto e se manifesta no gesto e na perspectiva de olhar as coisas.
Australian Gifted and Talented Education: An Analysis of Government Policies
Authors:   University of New South Wales, Jolly Jennifer ,   University of Alabama, Robins Jennifer ,   Baylor University
Published: October 2021

Education policy signals the level of support or importance for high-performing or gifted and talented students to school leaders, educators, parents, and other stakeholders. These policies communicate the value or goals of departments of education. Given the importance of education policy, there remains a void in the analysis of gifted and talented education policy, which accounts for less than 1% of the empirical literature. We sought to understand how publicly available individual state and territory departments of education’s gifted and talented education policies and guidance documents coalesce with the NAGC (2019) Pre-K–Grade 12 Gifted Education Programming Standards. Although not developed for the Australian context, they provide a common index from which to gauge alignment. Results indicated an uneven approach in both policy and guidance and this imbalance exposes opportunity gaps to address the specific learning needs of this student population.