bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CMIP5 model selection for ISMIP6 ice sheet model forcing: Greenland and Antarctica
Authors: Barthel Alice , Agosta Cécile , Little Christopher M. , Hattermann Tore , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Goelzer Heiko , Nowicki Sophie , Seroussi Helene , Straneo Fiammetta , Bracegirdle Thomas J.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The ice sheet model intercomparison project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) effort brings together the ice sheet and climate modeling communities to gain understanding of the ice sheet contribution to sea level rise. ISMIP6 conducts stand-alone ice sheet experiments that use space- and time-varying forcing derived from atmosphere–ocean coupled global climate models (AOGCMs) to reflect plausible trajectories for climate projections. The goal of this study is to recommend a subset of CMIP5 AOGCMs (three core and three targeted) to produce forcing for ISMIP6 stand-alone ice sheet simulations, based on (i) their representation of current climate near Antarctica and Greenland relative to observations and (ii) their ability to sample a diversity of projected atmosphere and ocean changes over the 21st century. The selection is performed separately for Greenland and Antarctica. Model evaluation over the historical period focuses on variables used to generate ice sheet forcing. For stage (i), we combine metrics of atmosphere and surface ocean state (annual- and seasonal-mean variables over large spatial domains) with metrics of time-mean subsurface ocean temperature biases averaged over sectors of the continental shelf. For stage (ii), we maximize the diversity of climate projections among the best-performing models. Model selection is also constrained by technical limitations, such as availability of required data from RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 projections. The selected top three CMIP5 climate models are CCSM4, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, and NorESM1-M for Antarctica and HadGEM2-ES, MIROC5, and NorESM1-M for Greenland. This model selection was designed specifically for ISMIP6 but can be adapted for other applications.
La propensión al uso del coche compartido y sus bases decisionales. Resultados de una investigación en cuatro ciudades italianas
Authors: Parra Saiani Paolo , Burlando Claudia , Ivaldi Enrico , Penco Lara
Published: March 2020

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de avanzar en el conocimiento de los factores que conducen a la elección del coche compartido (car sharing), en relación al uso del coche privado. En particular, analizaremos el rol de la (no) percepción de los costos asociados a la propiedad del coche sobre las prácticas de consumo y de movilidad alternativa. El estudio se basa en los resultados de un CATI que llevamos a cabo en esta área de mercado poco explorada en cuatro ciudades metropolitanas urbanas en Italia (Roma, Milán, Turín y Génova). Para este propósito, primero hicimos un análisis factorial exploratorio para determinar las dimensiones clave del comportamiento del coche privado. Luego realizamos un modelo de regresión logística para analizar qué factores pueden afectar la variable dependiente. Según nuestro análisis, el conocimiento de los costos asociados con el uso y la propiedad del coche no tiene importancia determinante ya que muchos de los usuarios de coche entrevistados tienden a subestimar el costo de poseer y de usar el automóvil.
Hacia una privacidad colectiva: repensar las bases teóricas de la distinción público/privado en la economía de la vigilancia
Authors: Fernández Barbudo Carlos
Published: March 2020

La defensa de la privacidad se ha basado, históricamente, en la protección de la autonomía y dignidad de los individuos. Sin embargo, el reciente desarrollo de la economía de la vigilancia ha hecho que se multipliquen los tipos de tecnologías de seguimiento y los objetivos de observación disponibles. Esta situación está revelando los límites de los mecanismos políticos, jurídicos y sociales con los que las sociedades de raigambre liberal protegían la privacidad; y nos obliga a repensar las amenazas que se vierten sobre la privacidad desde una nueva perspectiva. A tal fin se defenderá que es necesario desarrollar una dimensión colectiva sobre la privacidad, que no esté centrada únicamente en los individuos, como mecanismo para comprender e interrelacionar el conjunto de cambios sociotécnicos que amenazan la dignidad, autonomía política y soberanía digital de los grupos humanos.
Exploring EFL Instructors’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Reflective Practices on their Professional Development in the Saudi Context
Authors: Fahad Alsayeud Danyah , Hamed Almuhammadi Anas
Published: March 2020

This study explores the perceptions of EFL instructors about their reflective practice and its effect on their professional development in a Saudi Arabian university. This study adopts an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Two study instruments were used; a survey questionnaire with a study sample of 100 male and female participants and semi-structured interviews with a study sample of seven female instructors. The findings show that some instructors in general have a positive perception of reflective practices and they utilize a diversity of reflective tools. Female instructors show a greater degree of involvement in a reflective practice than male instructors in three of the four examined dimensions (cognitive and meta-cognitive, moral and learner and reflective teaching in general). However, no significant difference is reported between males’ and females’ perceptions in terms of the fourth dimension (practical). Based on the findings, recommendations have been made to encourage reflective practices in the Saudi EFL context.
Multivariate Tools for Evaluating the Use of Organic Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Properties and Maize Yield
Authors: Belinato Layana Dorado Correia , Elston Kraft Elston , Solivo Rafael , Oliveira Patrícia Aparecida de , Spagnollo Evandro , Baretta Dilmar , Baretta Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche
Published: March 2020

The global demand for protein led to the increase of animal production in the world and, mainly, in Brazil. As a consequence, there was an increase in the amount of waste produced, and the need to seek alternatives for its sustainable use. Microbial indicators and multivariate tools can assist in the proper measurement of the impact of the use of this waste on the soil. This study aimed to: 1) measure the effect of the application of organic fertilizers of animal origin in the no-tillage system on soil microbial attributes and its relationship with maize yield; 2) evaluate the potential of separation/discrimination of the different sources of organic fertilizers based on yield and soil microbial and chemical-physical attributes, using multivariate tools. Treatments consisted of annual application of: poultry manure (PM), liquid swine manure (LSM), poultry manure compost (PMC), swine manure compost (SMC), cattle manure compost (CMC) and control (C), without fertilization. Organic fertilizers promoted higher values of microbial biomass (MB) and MBC:TOC ratio in treatments CMC, SMC and PM in the first sampling season (E1), followed by PM, LSM and PMC in the second sampling period (E2). The data show that PM promoted microbial growth in both seasons, with higher metabolic efficiency increasing maize yield by 30% in relation to the treatment with the second highest production, PMC. Multivariate analysis techniques prove to be important tools to study soil quality indicators in systems which use organic fertilizers.
EDUCAR EN TIEMPOS DE CÓLERA. PEDAGOGÍA PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE PAZ, RESPETO POR LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS Y DESARME
Authors: Cabezudo Alicia
Published: March 2020

La educación para la paz y para los Derechos Humanos en búsqueda de la verdad y la justicia es hoy una obligación ética, una necesidad social y un imperativo incuestionable en el campo de la docencia latinoamericana. Para ello es necesario articular sólidos puentes de trabajo y cooperación con la sociedad civil y con las organizaciones no gubernamentales. Es necesario revisar conceptos tradicionales, evaluar prácticas pedagógicas y elaborar proyectos desde cada uno de nuestros espacios de vida y de trabajo - partiendo de la convicción que los esfuerzos para producir transformaciones no son antagónicos sino complementarios. Este artículo intenta demostrar que la Educación para la Paz implica, en realidad, un renovado compromiso con los principios pedagógicos democráticos y un imperativo ético asumirlos concretamente.
ANTROPOCENO, ¿COLAPSO DE LA ESPECIE?
Authors: Padilla Luis Alberto
Published: March 2020

En este ensayo sostenemos que el Antropoceno no solo es una época geológica sino también un modelo cultural así como una propuesta de gobernanza holística y cosmopolita que debe guiarse por los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) y la Agenda 2030 de Naciones Unidas, a fin de disminuir los riesgos de que el impacto ecológico del ser humano sobre el planeta desde la revolución industrial en el siglo XVIII conduzcan a la desaparición de la especie, riesgo que se ha visto incrementado desde la gran aceleración de mediados del siglo XX. Afirmamos también que para poder encaminar a todos los países por el sendero del desarrollo sostenible se requiere de una reforma profunda del sistema capitalista lo cual implica abandonar tanto el neoliberalismo como la idea que el crecimiento económico constituyen el criterio principal para evaluar los procesos de desarrollo, substituyendo ambas concepciones por la perspectiva de la gran transformación que implica hacer del desarrollo sostenible –incluyendo la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas y la conservación de los ecosistemas naturales– el paradigma necesario para salvar a la humanidad del conflicto y del colapso la especie.
MARÍA CANO. AÚN TENGO LA PALABRA. APROXIMACIONES CORPORALES A LA VIDA DE UNA MUJER QUE ENCARNA LAS LUCHAS EN COLOMBIA, DESDE UN EJERCICIO DE MEMORIA ESTÉTICA
Authors: Acevedo Fandiño Marybel , Fajardo Capador Karen , García Hernández Daniela , Romero Pérez Mónica Alejandra , Velandia Nova Mariana
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación es una propuesta de paz y reconciliación por medio del lenguaje escénico de la danza teatro, que anuda la vida de María Cano y la posibilidad de construir una memoria estética que reconozca los sujetos múltiples, complejos, agenciales y fronterizos. Seres que han sido invisibilizados por las narrativas dominantes a través de una política del ocultamiento y de producción de ausencias.
EXPERIENCIAS DEL SEGUNDO CAMPAMENTO DE JÓVENES CONSTRUCTORES DE PAZ CLAIP
Authors: Hernández Gómez Alfonso , Agudelo Ortiz Diana Marcela
Published: March 2020

El Consejo Latinoamericano de Investigación para la Paz –CLAIP– convocó y acogió entre los días 15, 16 y 17 de septiembre de 2019, en la provincia de San Roque, estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil, el II Encuentro de la Red de Jóvenes Constructores de Paz de América Latina, dando continuidad al espacio iniciado en el encuentro anterior de CLAIP México 2017, en el que se dio cabida a esta iniciativa en virtud de la urgencia de la apertura de los diálogos suscitados por el espacio de encuentro académico hacia el espacio vital de nuestras comunidades, sus desafíos y exigencias. Se propuso, entonces, un espacio para la configuración y consolidación de una red de trabajo latinoamericana para el intercambio activo y dialógico entre la juventud, que ayude a ampliar las perspectivas de futuro en distintas áreas de trabajo a partir de la diversidad de experiencias, aprendizajes y metodologías desarrolladas por los participantes, todo esto encaminado hacia la construcción de paz transformadora en el continente. Este es un breve relato de lo que vivimos en el Campamento.
EL 15-M: ORIGEN, CARACTERÍSTICAS, FORTALEZAS Y DEBILIDADES, E INFLUENCIAS Y TRASCENDENCIA
Authors: Montañés Serrano Manuel
Published: March 2020

El 15 de mayo de 2011 nació el Movimiento Social 15-M, internacionalmente conocido como el Movimiento de los Indignados. Algunas de sus características están presentes en los clásicos y en los Nuevos Movimientos Sociales, si bien, tiene otras que lo diferencia de otros precedentes. En este artículo, recurriendo a la observación directa y participante y al análisis de datos secundarios, se expondrá el contexto, origen, sus características, sus fortalezas y debilidades, sus influencias y transcendencia.
Perceptions of Parents/Guardians About the Effectiveness of Future Families Orphans and Vulnerable Children Programme in Olievenhoutbosch, South Africa
Authors: Kris Eale E. , David Mphuthi
Published: March 2020

The people with the greatest stake in Orphan and Vulnerable Children (OVC) interventions are the children and their parents/guardians. Unfortunately, most OVC programmes are predesigned and implemented without considering beneficiaries’ perceptions when developing solutions (ALI 2007:15). The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of orphans and vulnerable children’s parents/guardians about the effectiveness of Future Families’ children programme in Olievenhoutbosch as a way to explore how much they are involved in the process of designing the programme activities and if they perceive the programme as effective in responding to their family needs..

This study used a qualitative, explorative and descriptive design. Thirteen (13) parents/guardians of children registered with the Future Families were interviewed on the effectiveness of the Future Families programme using a semi-structure interview guide.

The study results suggested that parents/guardians were happy with Future Families’ services and believed the programme is effective in responding to their families’ needs. However, the researcher questioned the meaning of that happiness and established that beneficiaries were not involved in the program key planning activities including programme resource management and could not appreciate the value of the service that is provided to them against the funding value. The researcher also established that beneficiaries perceived the programme interventions as if it was a favour from the implementing organisation. That perception conditioned beneficiaries’ attitude to be thankful to the programme instead of having open criticism toward the program.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 12, No. 3
Authors: Zhang Michael
Published: March 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2020
Performance of Field Pea and Lentil When Intercropped with Faba Bean and Chickpea in the Peace River Region of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Gill Kabal Singh , Boisvert Darcy
Published: March 2020

Research information concerning intercropping legumes with non-legumes for seed production is extensively available, but concerning legume-legume intercropping is from tropical areas only. Field pea and lentil tend to lodge as they reach maturity and this can result in harvesting difficulties as well as reduced seed yield and quality. The objectives of this study were to assess crop response and seed production when field pea (Pisum staivum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) were intercropped with lodging resistant faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), in the Peace River region of Alberta, Canada. The combinations of lentil+faba bean, lentil+chickpea, field pea+faba bean and field pea+chickpea intercrops; and their sole crops were tested in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Seeding rates were either 75 or 100% of lentil and field pea; and either 50 or 75% of faba bean and chickpea for intercrops; and 100% for sole crops. Compared to the seed rates in the intercrops, the plant counts were similar or slightly lower for lentil and field pea sole crops, while they were similar or lower for faba bean and chickpea sole crops. Plant height of lentil and field pea was similar in sole crops and intercrops, while faba bean and chickpea were stunted in some intercrop treatments. There was reduced lodging of lentil and field pea in the intercrops compared to sole crops in 2016 and 2017, which could provide better harvesting conditions. Compared to sole crops, the seed yield and land equivalent ratio (LER) of individual crops in the intercropping treatments were similar or slightly lower than the seeding rates for lentil and field pea, while they were similar or noticeably lower for faba bean and chickpea. There was very little gain in the total seed yield and total LER values from the intercrops in 2015, due to very dry weather conditions. However with adequate rain in 2016 and 2017, the lentil intercrops provided greater total seed yield and total LER than the sole crops, but the gains in the total seed yield and total LER from the field pea intercrops over the sole field pea were small and not consistent. Overall, the results indicate a potential for improving seed yield and total LER over the sole crops of lentil by intercropping with faba bean and chickpea.
Seed Distribution Mechanisms and Sowing Speed on Plantability and Agronomic Characteristics of Sunflower
Authors: Dalchiavon Flávio Carlos , Marcondes Davi Antonio Pedrini , Carvalho Claudio Guilherme Portela
Published: March 2020

Precision in sowing is an important strategy for increasing agricultural yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of seed distribution mechanisms and sowing speeds on characteristics of sunflower. The experiment was set in March 2015 in São José do Rio Claro, state of Mato Grosso (Brazil). The experimental design was a completely randomized block design, in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, with two seed distribution mechanisms (perforated and pneumatic disc) and five sowing speeds (4; 6; 8; 10 and 12 km h-1) with four repetitions. The vegetative and reproductive characteristics of the sunflower were evaluated and also the double, faulty and acceptable spacing were evaluated to observe the homogeneity of seed distribution through the sowers. Regardless of the seed distribution mechanism, the rise in the sowing speed caused a reduction in plant population by changing plant height, head height, head mass, achene mass per head, mass of one thousand achenes and head diameter. The perforated disk distribution mechanism showed the best performance in acceptable spacings and the pneumatic one provided a greater guarantee of the desired plant population. The different distribution mechanisms, as well as different sowing speeds, did not influence achenes yield. The farmer should be aware of the speed of sowing adopted in his sunflower crop, as increasing speeds may affect uniform seed distribution as well as plant development.
Detection of Diseases in Oil Palm Plantations in the Brazilian Amazon through Orbital Image
Authors: Soares João Almiro Corrêa , Santos Artur Vinícius Ferreira dos , Farias Paulo Roberto Silva , Medeiros Leidiane Ribeiro , Gomes Adriano Anastácio Cardoso
Published: March 2020

The detection of diseases in oil palm crops in the Brazilian Amazon represents a great challenge for the management of this crop in Brazil. The plantations in the State of Pará provide inputs for the food, cosmetics, agro-energy and biofuel industries, supplying Brazilian markets. In recent years, several factors such as pests, diseases and climate have interfered in the development of oil palm in the region, generating the need to adopt new techniques to detect and monitor such issues. In this work, spectral enhancements were carried out by simple reflectance and vegetation indices for four plots cropped on Companhia Palmares da Amazônia (CPA) farm, owned by Agropalma S.A. company in the municipality of Acará, in the state of Pará. The results allowed the identification of expressive patterns minimum and maximum reflectances of the studied plots, correlating with occurrences of diseases. The EVI index showed an excellent correlation with the occurrence of diseases. However, the NDVI and SAVI indexes showed adequate adjustments with the occurrence of diseases in 2017. The areas corresponding to the L36 and H27 plots showed higher occurrences of diseases, based on the analysis of reflectance through vegetation indices. It is concluded that the reflectance enhancements, NDVI, SAVI and EVI obtained by orbital sensors are efficient in the detection of diseases in the plots. The results allowed the identification of diagnostic anomalies of stresses in the plots, either by disease or other factor, allowing the decision making in an adequate time, therefore avoiding large scale eradication in the extensive areas in commercial palm oil plantations in Brazil.
Biochar, Filter-Cake, and Polymer-Based Special Fertilizers for Maize Cultivation
Authors: Franco Miguel Henrique Rosa , Lana Regina Maria Quintão , Camargo Reginaldo de , Gualberto Camila Andrade de Carvalho , França André Cabral
Published: March 2020

This investigation assessed the effects of special fertilizers on maize. The experiment was performed according to a randomized block design, with four replications in a 7 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme, representing seven sources (filter-cake-based organic compound, biochar-based organic compound, organic-mineral (OM) filter-cake, OM biochar, OM filter cake + humic substances (HS), mineral fertilizer with polymers, and conventional mineral) and four fertilizer levels based on the nitrogen (N) contents (60, 120, 180, and 240 kg/ha). An absolute control, without any fertilizer application, was used. At 60 days after sowing (DAS), the plant growth parameters, nutritional status, and residual nutrients in the soil were evaluated. The mineral fertilizer with polymers and OM filter-cake + HS showed better results for the dry matter of the shoot of the plant and plant height. When considering the leaf area, the OM filter-cake and OM filter-cake + HS fertilizers stood out. The accumulation of N and potassium (K) in the shoot of the plants was higher when the OM filter-cake + HS and mineral fertilizer with polymers were applied. With respect to the accumulated phosphorus (P), treatment with the OM filter-cake, OM filter-cake + HS, and mineral with polymers showed better results. On the other hand, for the analysis of P and residual K in the soil, the treatments based on filter-cake and biochar organic compost were better. Treatment with the OM filter-cake + HS and mineral with polymers stood out when considering the plant growth parameters and nutritional aspects of the maize crop.
Genome Introgression of Híbrido de Timor and Its Potential to Develop High Cup Quality C. arabica Cultivars
Authors: Setotaw Tesfahun Alemu , Caixeta Eveline Teixeira , Zambolim Eunize Maciel , Sousa Tiago Vieira , Pereira Antônio Alves , Baião Antonio Carlos , Cruz Cosme Damião , Zambolim Laércio , Sakiyama Ney Sussumu
Published: March 2020

Híbrido de Timor is the principal source for disease and pest resistance genes in C. arabica breeding program worldwide. The part of the chromosome responsible for resistance introgressed from C. canephora to Híbrido de Timor are claimed to affect the cup quality of the C. arabica cultivars derived from the crossing program of Híbrido de Timor. Therefore, this work was done to study the genome introgression of Híbrido de Timor and its impact on the cup quality on the C. arabica cultivars. For genome introgression and genetic relationship analysis, seventy-six accessions from C. arabica, C. canephora and Híbrido de Timor were analyzed using AFLP and SSR molecular markers. To understand the effect of genome introgressed from Híbrido de Timor on cup quality, three C. arabica, seven Híbrido de Timor and six cultivars derived from Híbrido de Timor × C. arabica were genotyped using SSR molecular markers and sensorial analysis was performed. The genetic diversity analysis among the tested genotypes showed high genetic similarity between Híbrido de Timor with C. arabica and clear differentiation among coffee species. The analysis of genome introgression of C. arabica and C. canephora var Robusta into Híbrido de Timor not reach 30% of C. canephora genome. The sensorial analysis of coffee genotypes demonstrated non-significant difference on cup quality parameters among C. arabica cv Bourbon and cultivars derived from Híbrido de Timor that showed the possibility of developing C. arabica cultivars without affecting the cup quality. Similarly, the SSR marker diversity showed high genetic similarity between the Bourbon and the C. arabica cultivars derived from Híbrido de Timor.
The Influence of No-till Farming on Durum Wheat Mycorrhization in a Semi-Arid Region: A Long-Term Field Experiment
Authors: Taibi Hassiba Hadj Youcef , Smail-Saadoun Noria , Labidi Sonia , Abdellaoui Karima , Makhlouf Mahfoud , Laouar Abdelkrim , Benouaret ChérifaTagmount , Rezki-Sekhi Lila , Boukais Amel Belkebir , Sahraoui Anissa Lounès-Hadj
Published: March 2020

Maintaining a reliable and sustainable agricultural production system has become one of the major concerns of producers in arid and semi-arid regions. Simplifying farming techniques and practicing Direct Seedling (DS) could contribute to insure the sustainability of agriculture, preserving the natural resources and the environment. Direct Seedling based on limiting soil plowing has a potential number of benefits, including reduced production costs and soil erosion. Associated with the organic mulch, this technique improves the soil fertility and favors the establishment of root symbioses. Given the importance of the no-till farming techniques, the present research work aims to compare the effects of DS and those of Conventional Seedling (CS) on the evolution of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) roots, cultivated in the field for five years. Soil and root samples were collected during three different cropping stages at two different treatments. The results of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) root colonization kinetics have shown an increase in the percentage of arbuscules and a decrease in vesicles for plants sampled from a DS field compared to those from CS. Effects of the DS on the mycorrhizal parameters appears clearly in the fourth year of the experiment and continues in the fifth year, with an arbuscule percentage reaching 80% in a DS field and not exceeding 21% in a CS field. Soil phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) C16:1ω5 (biomarker of AMF) and C18:2ω 6, 9 (biomarker of saprophytic/ectomycorrhizal fungi) demonstrate that no-till practice improves AMF biomass and saprotrophic/ectomycorrhizal fungal biomasses by 52 and 159%, respectively, in comparison with those found in a CS field. In both treatments, no-till farming and CS plots, the AMF biomass is higher than saprotrophic/ectomycorrhizal biomasses. The natural biodiversity of AMF is also enhanced in a no-till field. In addition, an increase in the relative abundance of six families of Glomeromycota (Gigasporaceae, Diversisporaceae, Scutellosporaceae, Entrophosporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, Dentiscutataceae) was observed. To summarize, the present study highlights the importance of no-till practice as an approach to restore the microbiome in soils disturbed by tillage in semi-arid regions.
IN SEARCH OF THE MUSEUM – SCHOOL
COOPERATION MODEL: FACE CULTURE
PROGRAMME OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
IN CRACOW
Authors: Cabała Agata , Grzelak Anna
Published: March 2020

The paper is of investigative character for
elaborating cooperation standards between museums and
educational institutions. It aims at presenting and interpreting
the results of the Museum’s own research of the Face
Culture Project implemented in 2017–2019 at the National
Museum in Cracow. The analysis of the factors favouring and
impeding cooperation of museum and school has become
the basis for a wider generalization and shaping models of
museum and school learning in which the following elements
have been distinguished: goals, subjects, objects, means,
methods, conditions, and results. These elements have
been presented from the perspective of both museum and
school. The paper may prove of interest to school teachers
and museum educators cooperating with schools, as well as
to theoreticians of museology and of museum pedagogy, the
latter developing as a subdiscipline of pedagogy.
Big Data, Machine Learning und Künstliche Intelligenz
Authors: Thieltges Andree
Published: March 2020

›Industrie 4.0‹ steht inzwischen auch für eine fortschreitende Verfügbarkeit von ›Big Data‹ und den Zugriff auf mitarbeiterbezogen Daten sowie der Möglichkeit, diese maschinell zu aggregieren, analysieren und auszuwerten. Das hat nicht nur einen Wandel in der Produktion zur Folge, sondern führt auch zu tiefgreifenden Veränderungen hinsichtlich des Faktors ›Arbeit‹ und das vor allem auf der Ebene der Beschäftigten: ›Hybride‹ Arbeitsumgebungen werden geschaffen, Arbeitsabläufe werden von Sensorik dokumentiert und überwacht. Die Regulierbarkeit der individuellen Arbeitskraft durch die kontinuierliche Messbarkeit ihrer ›Performance‹ haben eine Effizienzsteigerung, mehr ›Agilität‹ und bessere ›Anpassungsfähigkeit‹ zum Ziel. Hinzutritt, dass sich diese neuen Technologien auch in anderen Unternehmensbereichen etablieren, bspw. in der Personalrekrutierung, -optimierung und -rationalisierung. Mitbestimmung und Interessenvertretung der Beschäftigten erscheinen unter diesen Verhältnissen zunehmend erschwert, denn die ›datengetriebenen Verfahren‹ bleiben häufig intransparent. Außerdem benötigen betrieblichen Mitbestimmungsakteur*innen ein umfassendes Wissen, um die Datenanalyse nachvollziehen und so ungewollte Folgen frühzeitig erkennen zu können. Im folgenden Artikel sollen die Herausforderungen von KI und Machine Learning anhand von Beispielen aus dem Personalmanagement aufgezeigt und die Möglichkeiten für die betriebliche Mitbestimmung erörtert werden.
Änderung der Realverfassung ohne formelle Verfassungsänderung
Authors: Ziemer Klaus
Published: March 2020

Polen galt unter den Ländern Ostmitteleuropas lange Zeit als Musterbeispiel für eine gelungene Transformation von einem kommunistischen zu einem demokratischen Verfassungsstaat. Die von der Partei »Recht und Gerechtigkeit« (PiS) unter ihrem Vorsitzenden Jarosław Kaczyński seit ihrem Wahlsieg vom Oktober 2015 schrittweise durchgeführten Reformen des polnischen Justizsystems haben ohne formelle Verfassungsänderung die Realverfassung des Landes zu einem Staat verändert, in dem die in der Verfassung verankerte Gewaltenteilung in der Praxis höchst gefährdet ist. Dagegen protestieren Organisationen der polnischen Zivilgesellschaft. Zunehmend greifen Institutionen der EU wie EU-Kommission und Europäischer Gerichtshof ein, um grundlegende Standards europäischer Rechtsstaatlichkeit aufrechtzuerhalten.
Polen unter der Regierung von PiS – autoritärer Staat oder republikanisches Demokratiemodell?
Authors: Garsztecki Stefan
Published: March 2020

Die Wiederwahl der rechtsnationalen Partei Recht und Gerechtigkeit (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) in den polnischen Parlamentswahlen im Herbst 2019 hat erneut Fragen zur aktuellen Demokratie in Polen aufkommen lassen. Dies gilt umso mehr, als der Konflikt zwischen der Europäischen Union (EU) und der PiS-Regierung über die Reform des polnischen Justizwesens nach wie vor ungeklärt ist und die EU hierin eine Verletzung des Prinzips der Rechtsstaatlichkeit sieht. Vor diesem Hintergrund werde ich mich nach einer kurzen Einführung in den polnischen Kontext der letzten Jahre (I) im Folgenden zunächst mit der Krise der westlichen Demokratie (II) sowie in aller Kürze mit verschiedenen Konzepten westlicher Demokratie auseinandersetzen (III). Nach Erarbeitung dieses Analyserasters werde ich gestützt auf programmatische Aussagen von PiS sowie unter Rückgriff auf einschlägige Literatur das Demokratieverständnis von PiS rekonstruieren, das vor allem auf die nationale, republikanische Gemeinschaft rekurriert (IV). Ein Abgleich der skizzierten Demokratie- und Herrschaftsmodelle mit dem Demokratieverständnis von PiS bildet den Schluss dieses Beitrages (V).
Mixed Bodies, Agency and Narrative in Lucretius and Machiavelli
Authors: Erwin Sean ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2020

Scholars have cited the influence of Lucretius on Machiavelli as important to framing Machiavelli’s position on the freedom of political agents. Some scholars like Roecklin (2012) and Rahe (2007, 2008) argue that Machiavelli was a determinist based on Machiavelli’s rejection of the clinamen; others argue with Brown (2010, 2013, 2015) and Morfino (2006, 2011) that Machiavelli’s affirmation of Lucretian natural principles left room for the freedom of agents. However, this paper takes a different approach by arguing that Machiavelli successfully resists identification with either of these positions. I argue here that Machiavelli affirms a notion of agency that reflects the influence of the Lucretian notion of mixed bodies where human actions emerge from an irreducible multiplicity of subjective and objective factors. I also argue that Machiavelli structures the narratives describing the actions of his agents in a way that supports interpreting their actions as both contingent and necessary.
Heroes, Tyrants, Howls
Authors: Knepper Steven ,   Marquette University Press
Published: March 2020

In recent decades, the philosopher William Desmond (1951-) has offered both insightful readings of individual tragedies and a striking reformulation of old Aristotelian standbys like hamartia and catharsis. This reformulation grows out of his wider philosophy of the “between,” which stresses humans’ fundamental receptivity or “porosity.” For Desmond, tragedy strips away characters’ self-determination and returns them to porosity. The audience is returned to porosity as well, a process of exposure that can be harrowing, and at times leads to despair, but that can also lead, in Desmond’s take on catharsis, to a renewed sense of the worth of fragile beings. Both tragic “being at a loss” and catharsis are important for philosophy because they resist determinate conceptualization. Tragedy reminds philosophy of its limits, and it challenges philosophy to attend to the intimate and the singular. This essay situates, synthesizes, and extends Desmond’s many reflections on tragedy. It focuses in particular on Shakespeare's Macbeth and King Lear.
Parker’s Black? A Rereading of Race in Flannery O’Connor’s "Parker’s Back"
Authors: Grogan Christine ,   Marquette University Press
Published: March 2020

Contributing to the uneasy question of race in Flannery O’Connor's fiction, this article performs a rereading of the last story she penned—“Parker’s Back”—and argues that her final protagonist may have been a product of miscegenation. It discusses the implications this would have on our understanding of this spiritually rich story, and, perhaps even more importantly, of O’Connor’s views on race at the end of her life.
Videnskabelig værdirelativisme og politiske værdier
Authors: Scavenius Theresa
Published: March 2020

Der er uenighed om, hvorvidt videnskabelig værdirelativisme identificerer en norm for den politiske videnskab, der sigter imod, at politiske værdier bør ekskluderes fra denne, eller hvorvidt den videnskabelige værdirelativisme tværtimod anerkender vigtigheden af politiske værdier i den politologiske forskning. Artiklens formål er at tydeliggøre disse to argumenter. Centralt for artiklens diskussion er, (i) hvorvidt det antages, at sondringen imellem empiriske og normative domme inden for samfundsvidenskaberne alene kan tilskrives en analytisk karakter ,samt (ii) hvorvidt der kan identificeres en logisk afhængighed imellem på den ene side studiet af politiske værdier og på den anden side empiriske studier af politologisk relevante fænomener. Hvis (i) og (ii) kan forsvares, hævder artiklen, at den samfundsvidenskabelige forsker — ud over at bidrage med metodisk set politisk neutrale analyser — tillige bør indtage en værdikritisk stilling over for egne værdiantagelser samt samfundets politiske værdier.
Et essay om økonomisk ulighed, befolkningens forestillingsunivers og opbakningen til omfordelende velfærdspolitikker
Authors: Albrekt Larsen Christian
Published: March 2020

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Kontakt med indvandrere - øges tolerencen og hvorfor?
Authors: Birkmose Anders Engrob , Frølund Thomsen Jens Peter
Published: March 2020

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Politiske partier som opinionsledere
Authors: Slothuus Rune , Bang Petersen Michael , Rathlev Jakob
Published: March 2020

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Betyder ændringen i skatteprocenten noget for tilslutningen til borgmesterpartiet?
Authors: Bhatti Yosef , Hansen Kasper M. , Leth Olsen Asmus
Published: March 2020

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RNA-guided retargeting of Sleeping Beauty transposition in human cells
Authors: Kovač Adrian , Miskey Csaba , Menzel Michael , Grueso Esther , Gogol-Döring Andreas , Ivics Zoltán
Published: March 2020

An ideal tool for gene therapy would enable efficient gene integration at predetermined sites in the human genome. Here we demonstrate biased genome-wide integration of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon by combining it with components of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We provide proof-of-concept that it is possible to influence the target site selection of SB by fusing it to a catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) and by providing a single guide RNA (sgRNA) against the human Alu retrotransposon. Enrichment of transposon integrations was dependent on the sgRNA, and occurred in an asymmetric pattern with a bias towards sites in a relatively narrow, 300 bp window downstream of the sgRNA targets. Our data indicate that the targeting mechanism specified by CRISPR/Cas9 forces integration into genomic regions that are otherwise poor targets for SB transposition. Future modifications of this technology may allow the development of methods for specific gene insertion for precision genetic engineering.
A Study on the Development of Floor-Fixed Standpipe Sway Brace for Narrow Space
Authors: Jin Se-Young , Choi Su-Gil , Park Sang-Min , Yeon Tae-Young , Kim Chang-Su , Kim Si-Kuk
Published: March 2020

This paper proposes a solution to the problems of constructing and installing sway braces for existing standpipes in narrow spaces and pits. The study develops a floor-fixed sway brace for a narrow space that can support the ground area under horizontal seismic loads (X-axis, Y-axis) as well as vertical seismic loads (Z-axis). The results of structural analysis using SolidWorks simulation showed that the eccentric load was generated in the first design according to the anchored position along the vertical direction, and the problem of exceeding the allowable stress of the material along the horizontal and vertical directions. In the second design model, deformation caused by the eccentric load along the vertical direction, similar to the first design model, did not occur. The maximum strain rate was 0.17%, which is approximately 12.84% less than the first design model (Maximum strain rate of 13.01%). It was confirmed that the structural stability and durability improved. Compressive and tensile load testing of the prototypes showed that all of them meet the performance criteria of the standard.
The Effect of Safety Education Satisfaction of Apartment Residents and Application of Fire Protection Plan on Fire Safety Awareness
Authors: Kim Sang-Sig , Kong Ha-Sung
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of apartment residents’ safety education satisfaction and the application of fire protection plans on fire safety awareness. The analysis results are as follows. First, the low levels of satisfaction with safety education content had a negative effect on anxiety about fire safety. This means that apartment residents’ low levels of interest or participation in education affected their safety awareness, which prevented them from securing safety from fire. It is necessary for control staff to have a positive impact on their educational satisfaction via the learning support information system, among others, in order to create a satisfying education and safety culture. Second, competence in the execution of firefighting plans had a positive effect on fire safety awareness. These results indicate that apartment residents do not have the opportunity to access the education and training necessary for safety, nor the legal responsibility to complete mandatory safety education, which leads to their lack of safety awareness. Therefore, the control staff need to raise awareness of fire safety and the importance of participating in safety education among apartment residents by strengthening and activating the execution of firefighting plans in order to ensure safe living. Third, the competency of the firefighting plans moderated the effects of apartment residents' educational satisfaction on their awareness of fire safety.
The Investigative Study on the Small-sized Isolation Device: regarding of the isolation performance and function test In Emergency Disaster Circumstances
Authors: Choi Jin Woo , Haam Sunnie , Yoon Myuong O
Published: March 2020

The first case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) was reported in Korea in 2015, after a Korean man from Bahrain tested positive for the infection. After first eruption, there were numbers of secondary infectees and whole country were frightened. At the time, isolated ambulances were available but few, and there was no specific way to prevent contamination during transfer. Therefore, Seoul National University Hospital and the University of Seoul developed isolation units and air filters. Four years after the MERS outbreak, this study measured the differential pressure inside and outside the small isolation units based on the differential pressure and air flow derived from simulation and testing, and proposed minimum values for virus leakage and internal sealing. A performance evaluation and testing method for the transfer equipment is proposed. The critical function of the small isolated transport equipment was defined and selected as an evaluation item; performance evaluation was carried out by simulating a real-world case. The results provide the proper pressure configuration of positive and negative pressure inside the segregation feeder; the clear criteria for the HEPA filter; and the performance criteria for the segregation feeder and air purifier.
Changes in Higher Education and Well-being of Academic Employees: Storylines from Higher Education Academic Employees in Ghana
Authors: Ofori Dudley , Antwi James
Published: March 2020

Over the past two decades, the higher education sector in Ghana has undergone many reforms ranging from deregulation and financial sustainability to massive investments in infrastructure. These reforms are aimed at addressing diversity in schools, promoting inclusive learning and increasing access to quality tertiary education. The reforms required changes in job skills, job conversions, modes of teaching and learning, self-consciousness and staff re-locations with probable consequent effect on the well-being of employees. However, these reforms failed to adequately account for employee well-being issues. Hence personal changes and support schemes to help employees keep pace with the changes have received little attention. We investigated these phenomena in public universities to understand the well-being shifts during the reforms from the storylines of higher education academic employees.

The study adopted a qualitative research design using laddering interview technique grounded in the personal change theory to solicit stories from 19 academic employees who have lived across the reforms. Interpretative Phenomenology Approach (IPA) of data analyses was used to analyse the experiences of academic employees. The study provides personal stories reflected in real-life experiences and hinged on the eudemonic theory within a developing country context.

The study discovered that leadership, personal mindset shifts and political interference constitute a Change-Effect Model that shapes the well-being of academic employees during the period of organisational reforms. The findings provide a new dimension to organisational reforms and employee well-being and consider from a critical viewpoint how a change-effect model can be applied in change management process to support employee well-being in locally appropriate and effective ways.
Opioid hearing takes up buprenorphine deregulation and more
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2020

The opioid hearing by the House Energy and Commerce Committee March 3 gave everyone a chance to ask questions and answer them, but lawmakers got the lion's share of the limelight as they promoted their respective bills. And the grandstanding wasn't limited to bills on the table: Politicians have never been shy about expressing their opinions on the best way to approach addiction. Still, it was a productive hearing, thanks in large part to the skillful management by Rep. Anna G. Eshoo (D‐California), chair of the Health Subcommittee of the House Energy and Commerce Committee.
Bismuth‐Based Nanomaterials: Recent Advances in Tumor Targeting and Synergistic Cancer Therapy Techniques
Authors: Badrigilan Samireh , Choupani Jalal , Khanbabaei Hashem , Hoseini‐Ghahfarokhi Mojtaba , Webster Thomas J. , Tayebi Lobat
Published: March 2020

Despite all of the efforts in the field of cancer therapy, the heterogeneous properties of tumor cells induce an insufficient therapeutic outcome when treated with conventional monotherapies, necessitating a shift in cancer treatment from monotherapy to combination therapy for complete cancer treatment. Multifunctional bismuth (Bi)‐based nanomaterials (NMs) with therapeutic functions hold great promise for the fields of cancer diagnosis and therapy based on their low toxicity, X‐ray sensitive capabilities, high atomic number, near‐infrared driven semiconductor properties, and low cost. Herein, a comprehensive review of recent advances in various medicinal aspects of Bi‐based NMs is presented including: evaluation of in‐tumor site accumulation, tumor targeting, and therapeutic performance, as well as the characteristics, benefits, and shortcomings of Bi‐based NM‐mediated major monotherapies. In addition, the cooperative enhancement mechanisms between two or more of these monotherapies are described in detail to address common challenges in cancer therapy, such as multidrug resistance, hypoxia, and metastasis. Finally, this review opens new insights into the design of multimodal synergistic therapies for potential future clinical applications of Bi‐based NMs.
Current‐Induced Spin–Orbit Torques for Spintronic Applications
Authors: Ryu Jeongchun , Lee Soogil , Lee Kyung‐Jin , Park Byong‐Guk
Published: March 2020

Control of magnetization in magnetic nanostructures is essential for development of spintronic devices because it governs fundamental device characteristics such as energy consumption, areal density, and operation speed. In this respect, spin–orbit torque (SOT), which originates from the spin–orbit interaction, has been widely investigated due to its efficient manipulation of the magnetization using in‐plane current. SOT spearheads novel spintronic applications including high‐speed magnetic memories, reconfigurable logics, and neuromorphic computing. Herein, recent advances in SOT research, highlighting the considerable benefits and challenges of SOT‐based spintronic devices, are reviewed. First, the materials and structural engineering that enhances SOT efficiency are discussed. Then major experimental results for field‐free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization are summarized, which includes the introduction of an internal effective magnetic field and the generation of a distinct spin current with out‐of‐plane spin polarization. Finally, advanced SOT functionalities are presented, focusing on the demonstration of reconfigurable and complementary operation in spin logic devices.