bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel piezoelectric dynamometer based on double-sensor for thermal compensation
Authors: Tian Yu , Zhang Jun , Ren Zong-jin , Liu Wei , Jia Zhenyuan , Qi Yazhou
Published: September 2016

A piezoelectric dynamometer can produce thermal forces because of temperature fluctuations, thus affecting measurement precision. To investigate the influence of the thermal force on the dynamometer, this article proposes a hypothesis of decreasing the conduction power and establishes the function of a thermal force over time in an ordinary dynamometer based on the heat conduction differential equation. A novel double-sensor thermal compensation dynamometer is designed, with static calibration in constant temperature and force/heat coupling experiments, to solve the problem of the thermal force. The experimental results indicate that the nonlinearity and repeatability of the double-sensor thermal compensation dynamometer are less than 1% full scale (FS) of the static calibration at a constant temperature; in the force/heat coupling experiments, at a heating rate of 0.4 ℃/s to 110 ℃ with a loading force of 500 N, the maximal output deviation is less than 1.06% (FS), realizing the unidirectional thermal force compensation of the structure. The double-sensor thermal compensation dynamometer can be utilized in sharp temperature fluctuations environment, like rocket engine forces measurement.
Size-dependent dynamic modeling of inhomogeneous curved nanobeams embedded in elastic medium based on nonlocal strain gradient theory
Authors: Ebrahimi Farzad , Barati Mohammad R
Published: September 2016

In this paper, size-dependent free vibration analysis of curved functionally graded nanobeams embedded in Winkler–Pasternak elastic medium is carried out via an analytical solution method. Three kinds of boundary condition namely, simply supported-simply supported, simply supported-clamped and clamped-clamped are investigated. Material properties of curved functionally graded beam change in thickness direction according to the Mori–Tanaka model. Nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory is adopted to capture the size effects in which the stress is considered for not only the nonlocal stress field but also the strain gradients stress field. Nonlocal governing equations of curved functionally graded nanobeam are obtained from Hamilton’s principle based on Euler–Bernoulli beam model. Finally, the influences of length scale parameter, nonlocal parameter, opening angle, elastic medium, material composition, slenderness ratio and boundary conditions on the vibrational characteristics of nanosize curved functionally graded beams are explored.
Fatigue life of cylindrical roller bearings
Authors: Tong Van-Canh , Kwon Sun-Woong , Hong Seong-Wook
Published: September 2016

This paper dealt with the fatigue life of cylindrical roller bearings with several significant error sources that may occur during installations. A four degree-of-freedom quasi-static model for cylindrical roller bearings was developed, which took into account potential error sources such as angular misalignment, axial offset, and radial clearance, together with inertial loading by rotational speed and induced moment loads. A 3D contact model was employed to provide contact pressure distributions in rolling elements. The fatigue life of a cylindrical roller bearing was analyzed as a function of angular misalignment under various loading conditions. Then, the fatigue life analysis was extended to the combined effects of radial clearance, axial offset, and the number of rollers, along with angular misalignment. The computational results showed the significance of each error source on fatigue life. They further showed that cylindrical roller bearing fatigue life maximized when the radial clearances were slightly negative, and that it increased almost linearly with the number of rollers.
Rehabilitation of steel concentrically braced frames with rocking cores for improved performance under near-fault ground motions
Authors: Qu Bing , Sanchez-Zamora Francisco , Pollino Michael , Hou Hetao
Published: September 2016

This article focuses on evaluating the adequacy of a seismic rehabilitation technology which adds rocking cores to deficient steel concentrically braced frames in near-fault regions. Two demonstration buildings were rehabilitated with the technology. Seismic performance of the rehabilitated buildings was evaluated through numerical simulations. Analysis results suggest that the code-compliant concentrically braced frames may be vulnerable to collapse under the fault-normal components of the near-fault ground motions, approximately having a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 years. It is found that the Rocking Core technology is effective in reducing the inter-story drift responses of the demonstration buildings under near-fault earthquakes. The rehabilitated systems can further benefit from the use of hysteretic energy dissipating links between the rocking cores and existing concentrically braced frames. This article also addresses the influence of the rocking cores on modal properties of the rehabilitated buildings. It is found that the rocking core with moderate stiffness does not significantly alter the modal properties of a rehabilitated concentrically braced frame.
Re-spatialization of time series plots
Authors: Abdul-Rahman Alfie , Walton Simon , Bemis Karen , Lein Julie Gonnering , Coles Katharine , Silver Deborah , Chen Min
Published: September 2016

Visualizing time series is a ubiquitous aspect of many applications from science to business. The conventional designs of line graphs and temporal parallel coordinates plots focus on the depiction of the temporal context, but typically fail to convey the spatial information associated with data values at each time step. In this paper, we present a study of the design space for reintroducing spatial context to time series plots. We consider a range of options, from color encoding to glyph encoding, from abstract illustration to realistic representation, and from interactive brushing to animated three-dimensional viewing. We evaluate these design options in conjunction with two case studies: (i) observing events in temporal sensory data of seafloor hydrothermal plumes and (ii) observing phonemic dynamics in poems. We report domain experts’ comparative assessment, which provides an insight into the effectiveness of different re-spatialization methods.
Context-adjusted clinical ethics support in psychiatry: Accompanying a team through a sensitive period
Authors: Meyer Dagmar , Reiter-Theil Stella
Published: September 2016

In a clinic-wide approach to establish liberal policies, a closed psychiatric ward was planned to be opened. The leaders of the multi-professional team of this ward requested continuous ethics support during the first few months after the transition from their previously closed ward into an open one. During the process of accompanying the team through this ethically sensitive period of institutional change, several variations of ethics consultation were developed: the ‘context-adjusted’ clinical ethics support. Some ethics consultations focused on a retrospective evaluation of a patient case, in other ethics consultations consolidation of a previous case discussion was worked out, and/or reflections on fundamental ethical issues were included. Based on our experiences and the feedback of the team, we consider this context-adjusted clinical ethics support as feasible and effective.
A Culturally Responsive Approach to Improving Replication of a Youth Sexual Health Program
Authors: Mwaria Mercy , Chen ChiaChing , Coppola Nanci , Maurice Ingrid , Phifer Mary
Published: September 2016

Youth-serving agencies continually turn to evidence-based interventions that have been empirically assessed for effectiveness in influencing young people’s lives, particularly those living in communities with considerable health inequities. Replicating promising evidence-based interventions requires thoughtful adaptation and modification to better fit participants’ sociocultural context and to enhance their learning experiences. Due to the restrictive nature of a replication model, adaptations to the intervention curriculum must be minimized during full implementation. Implementers must find innovative ways to ensure content is relevant and engaging to participants without altering core elements of the curriculum. This article describes practical best practice strategies used in implementing a sexual health education program among socioculturally diverse youth in a northeastern city in the United States. The implementing agency applied Richard, Brown and Forde’s framework for culturally responsive pedagogy as a heuristic approach to describe the application of implementation practices across three dimensions: institutional, personal, and instructional. The results not only highlight successful culturally responsive practices that enhanced the implementation process but also acknowledge areas in which such practices proved daunting to implement.
Meta-analysis of Cumulative Radiation Duration and Dose During EVAR Using Mobile, Fixed, or Fixed/3D Fusion C-Arms
Authors: de Ruiter Quirina M. B. , Reitsma Johannes B. , Moll Frans L. , van Herwaarden Joost A.
Published: September 2016

Purpose: To investigate the total fluoroscopy time and radiation exposure dose during endovascular aortic repairs using mobile, fixed, or fixed C-arms with 3-dimensional image fusion (3D-IF). Methods: A systematic search was performed to identify original articles reporting fluoroscopy time (FT) and the kerma area product (KAP) during endovascular aortic repairs. Data were grouped by noncomplex or complex (fenestrated, branched, or chimney) repairs and stratified by type of C-arm. The search identified 27 articles containing 51 study groups (35 noncomplex and 16 complex) that included 3444 patients. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression models were used to calculate the pooled mean estimates of KAP and FT, as well as any effect of equipment or type of intervention. Results are presented with the 95% confidence interval and the statistical heterogeneity ( I2). Results: Within the noncomplex procedure studies, a significant (p<0.001) increase was found in the pooled mean KAP estimate in the fixed C-arm group (181 Gy·cm2, 95% CI 129 to 233; I2=99.7) compared with the mobile C-arm (78 Gy·cm2, 95% CI 59.6 to 97.3; I2=99.6). For complex cases, use of 3D-IF showed a significantly (p<0.001) lower mean KAP (139 Gy·cm2, 95% CI 85 to 191; I2=94%) compared to using fixed C-arms without 3D-IF (487 Gy·cm2, 95% CI 331 to 643; I2=94%). Conclusion: For equivalent fluoroscopy times, the use of a fixed C-arm in noncomplex procedures leads to higher patient radiation doses compared to a mobile C-arm. Complex procedures, which are predominantly performed using fixed C-arms, are associated with the highest radiation dose per intervention. Using fixed C-arms combined with 3D-IF techniques during complex cases might seem an adequate method to compensate for the higher radiation doses measured when a fixed C-arm is used.
Pilot Testing of the EIT-4-BPSD Intervention
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Kolanowski Ann , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Boltz Marie , Galik Elizabeth , Bonner Alice , Vigne Erin , Holtzman Lauren , Mulhall Paula M.
Published: September 2016

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are common in nursing home residents, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services now require that nonpharmacological interventions be used as a first-line treatment. Few staff know how to implement these interventions. The purpose of this study was to pilot test an implementation strategy, Evidence Integration Triangle for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (EIT-4-BPSD), which was developed to help staff integrate behavioral interventions into routine care. The EIT-4-BPSD was implemented in 2 nursing homes, and 21 residents were recruited. A research nurse facilitator worked with facility champions and a stakeholder team to implement the 4 steps of EIT-4-BPSD. There was evidence of reach to all staff; effectiveness with improvement in residents’ quality of life and a decrease in agitation; adoption based on the environment, policy, and care plan changes; and implementation and plans for maintenance beyond the 6-month intervention period.
Hybrid Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms Is a Durable Option for High-Risk Patients in the Endovascular Era
Authors: Väärämäki Suvi , Suominen Velipekka , Pimenoff Georg , Saarinen Jukka , Uurto Ilkka , Salenius Juha
Published: September 2016

Objective:

To report our long-term experience in using the hybrid technique in complex thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs).

Methods:

Between March 2005 and September 2013, 10 patients with TAAA underwent hybrid procedures with open renovisceral revascularization and thoracoabdominal aortic endografting. Patients were analyzed retrospectively.

Results:

Six men and 4 women with a mean age of 66 years (range 54-81 years) were treated electively during the study period. All 4 visceral vessels were revascularized in 8 patients, whereas 1 patient underwent 3-vessel revascularization and another 2-vessel revascularization. The primary technical success rate was 100%. Eight of the procedures were single staged, and the 2 most recent cases were performed in 2 stages. Perioperative and 30-day mortality was 0%. The mean follow-up was 55 months (4-133 months). None of the patients died due to aortic complications. Major complications included paraplegia (10%, n = 1) and bowel ischemia (n = 1). Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and mean arterial pressure measurements were systematically monitored and corrected. The CSF drainage solved another 4 cases of paraparesis. Three patients required postoperative dialysis, but none of them required permanently. Postoperative spinal cord ischemia and renal complications accumulated in extensive TAAA cases. One renal graft was occluded 45 days after the initial procedure but was successfully treated with thrombolysis. One type I and 1 type III endoleak were noted and successfully treated with an additional stent graft. Two cases of type II endoleak were detected—one with a growing aneurysm sac was treated successfully and another showed no growth and further procedures were abandoned after 2 embolization attempts. In long-term follow-up, 90% of the aneurysms showed shrinkage by a mean of 23 mm (range 7-45 mm).

Conclusion:

The results of hybrid repair on high-risk patients with complex TAAAs are encouraging, and this approach is a valuable alternative when branched and fenestrated endovascular techniques are not considered an option.
Researching domestic violence and abuse in healthcare settings: Challenges and issues
Authors: McGarry Julie , Ali Parveen
Published: September 2016

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is now recognised as a significant global health and societal issue. Conducting DVA research in healthcare contexts requires the consideration and understanding of a number of practical, methodological and ethical issues. Based on their experiences of working as clinicians and researchers, the authors aim to explore some of the pertinent issues and challenges associated with DVA research conducted in healthcare settings involving patients and/or healthcare professionals or both. A number of ethical, methodological and practical challenges, particularly those associated with research design and data collection, and ethical challenges related to participants and researchers, are explored.
Motion-Driven Transparency and Opacity
Authors: Anstis Stuart , Kaneko Sae , Ho Alan
Published: September 2016

When two adjacent surfaces move in step, this can generate a sensation of transparency, even in the absence of intersections. Stopping the motion of one surface makes it look suddenly opaque.
Are recent statin recommendations to employ fixed doses and abandon targets effective for treatment of hypercholesterolaemia? Investigation based on number needed to treat
Authors: Soran Handrean , Adam Safwaan , Durrington Paul N
Published: September 2016

Background

Assessed by number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one event, it was previously shown that for those at similar atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, the benefit accruing from treating people with higher cholesterol levels with statins is greater than for those with lower levels.

Method

By estimating NNT from both the absolute atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk and the pre-treatment low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration, recent recommendations for fixed dose high and moderate intensity statin treatment in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD were compared with cholesterol-lowering therapy aimed at a target LDL-C.

Results

We report that the USA and UK recommendations to employ a fixed dose of atorvastatin 20 mg daily for primary prevention will produce good results in people with low cholesterol levels, but are a disadvantage for those with higher levels who benefit more from a therapeutic target and statin dose titration and, where necessary, adjunctive cholesterol-lowering therapy to achieve this target. The higher dose of atorvastatin 80 mg daily with no target recommended for secondary prevention is generally more effective than aiming for a LDL-C goal except in people with particularly high cholesterol.

Conclusion

For optimum clinical effectiveness, initial LDL-C concentration must be considered in deciding whether a target will allow a greater decrease in LDL-C and thus a lower NNT than a fixed dose regimen. Individual variation in the LDL-C response to statins also makes post-treatment cholesterol measurement essential.
Hustle and Brand: The Sociotechnical Shaping of Influence
Authors: Carter Daniel
Published: September 2016

While social media platforms are often assumed to be sites of speaking, they are also important sites of knowing, where businesses use content produced by individuals in order to understand markets and make predictions and where individuals understand their own position and importance. This article considers social knowledge production in the context of influencer marketing, a growing industry in which social media users are ranked according to measures of influence and compensated for promoting products online. Working from industry press, technical documentation and interviews with tool developers, marketing professionals, and social media users, it traces the sociotechnical shaping of influence, moving from computer scientists’ optimal solutions through technical constraints and business needs to the practices of marketing professionals and individual users. In doing so, it identifies two conceptions of influence. The first is connected to celebrities and practices of branding, while the second, more novel conception is associated with less prominent social media users who make themselves and their willingness to work visible to marketers through practices I describe as hustling. While social influence is conventionally conceptualized in relation to extensive, naturally occurring networks of individuals, in this context it is evaluated in relation to much simpler networks that bring together users who may never interact directly. In this context, users understand and manipulate their influence by positioning their followers (branding) and by explicitly affiliating themselves with non-human entities such as brands and topical hashtags (hustling).
Two-photon polymerized “nichoid” substrates maintain function of pluripotent stem cells when expanded under feeder-free conditions
Authors: Nava Michele M. , Piuma Alessio , Figliuzzi Marina , Cattaneo Irene , Bonandrini Barbara , Zandrini Tommaso , Cerullo Giulio , Osellame Roberto , Remuzzi Andrea , Raimondi Manuela T.
Published: September 2016

Background

The use of pluripotent cells in stem cell therapy has major limitations, mainly related to the high costs and risks of exogenous conditioning and the use of feeder layers during cell expansion passages.

Methods

We developed an innovative three-dimensional culture substrate made of “nichoid” microstructures, nanoengineered via two-photon laser polymerization. The nichoids limit the dimension of the adhering embryoid bodies during expansion, by counteracting cell migration between adjacent units of the substrate by its microarchitecture. We expanded mouse embryonic stem cells on the nichoid for 2 weeks. We compared the expression of pluripotency and differentiation markers induced in cells with that induced by flat substrates and by a culture layer made of kidney-derived extracellular matrix.

Results

The nichoid was found to be the only substrate, among those tested, that maintained the expression of the OCT4 pluripotency marker switched on and, simultaneously, the expression of the differentiation markers GATA4 and α-SMA switched off. The nichoid promotes pluripotency maintenance of embryonic stem cells during expansion, in the absence of a feeder layer and exogenous conditioning factors, such as the leukocyte inhibitory factor.

Conclusions

We hypothesized that the nichoid microstructures induce a genetic reprogramming of cells by controlling their cytoskeletal tension. Further studies are necessary to understand the exact mechanism by which the physical constraint provided by the nichoid architecture is responsible for cell reprogramming. The nichoid may help elucidate mechanisms of pluripotency maintenance, while potentially cutting the costs and risks of both feed-conditioning and exogenous conditioning for industrial-scale expansion of stem cells.
Geeraardt Brandt, Dutch Tolerance, and the Reformation of the Reformation
Authors: Leo Russ
Published: September 2016

Published in four volumes between 1671 and (posthumously) 1704, Geeraardt Brandt's monumental History of the Reformation and other Ecclesiastical Transactions in and about the Low-Countries challenges abiding assumptions about Reformation, confession, and modernity. Recasting the Reformation as a long series of jurisdictional conflicts that begin in the early Middle Ages and continue well into the Dutch Golden Age and beyond, Brandt illustrates how most, if not all, “theological” doctrinal conflicts are at a basic level contests of jurisdiction and imperium. Moreover, Brandt redefines the very term “Reformation” against confession—not with reference to Luther or Calvin but to Desiderius Erasmus, the irenicist hero of the History, for whom doctrine is remarkably simple, unchanging, and conducive to unity. Based on this account of minimal orthodoxy, Brandt introduces a striking vision of “mutual forbearance” that complicates vaunted accounts of Dutch tolerance.
Not Solely Sola Scriptura, or, a Rejoinder to Brad S. Gregory's The Unintended Reformation
Authors: Lim Paul C. H.
Published: September 2016

In The Unintended Reformation, Brad Gregory answers a number of questions regarding the doctrinal diversity and hermeneutical pluralism that resulted from the fissiparous tendency noticeable among the Protestants, particularly thanks to their emphasis on sola scriptura. This essay offers the outlines of a more substantial and sophisticated narrative of the birth of modernity from the anvils of Reformation doctrinal wrangling. Instead of focusing solely on sola scriptura, the essay considers other interpretive supplements: (1) the Conciliarist vs. Curialist conflict and the corresponding issue of power struggle within church and state; (2) the discovery of the “racial and religious” other and the resultant issues endemic to Spanish colonialism, which had the unintended effect of vitiating the fabric of Catholicism's credibility; (3) the significance of immigration and refugee movements as an interpretive heuristc for both the Reformation period and the contemporary world.
Proximate Common Goods in the Context of Pluralism
Authors: Herdt Jennifer A.
Published: September 2016

Brad Gregory's The Unintended Reformation bemoans the loss of the shared “institutionalized worldview” that was Christendom, claiming that the resulting hyperpluralism renders it impossible to adjudicate among competing conceptions of the good. Our contemporary moment is better seen, though, as postsecular rather than as individualist and subjectivist. It is a context within which many different communities (of sometimes overlapping and shifting membership) seek to articulate the public character of their faith and accompanying conceptions of human flourishing. In such a context, it becomes possible for contemporary Christians to shift their attention from resenting the fact that Christianity no longer provides the West a shared cultural background and teleology to a more productive task: that of identifying proximate common goods and constructing piecemeal shared practices in pursuit of those goods, even as Christians keep their sights on a comprehensive eschatological beyond.
“Botched Execution” or Historical Inevitability: Conceptual Dilemmas in Brad S. Gregory's The Unintended Reformation
Authors: Pfau Thomas
Published: September 2016

This essay takes up a variety of issues arising from within the narrative offered in Brad S. Gregory's The Unintended Reformation. This book has been widely perceived to be informed by a Catholic metaphysic, even as Gregory continues to disavow that framework, or declares it as irrelevant to his historical analyses. Maintaining that The Unintended Reformation amounts to a declensionist narrative, this essay scrutinizes the model of historical causation underlying Gregory's narrative. Avoiding the pattern of numerous earlier critiques, which contest the book from a liberal-secular-progressive standpoint whose validity Gregory evidently means to contest, this essay instead focuses on tensions and contradictions internal to The Unintended Reformation. Key here is the alleged, comprehensive “failure” of post-Reformation Europe. Premising his declensionist account on alternative choices and histories—roads not taken—The Unintended Reformation evinces a conceptual tension underlying its overall narrative agenda, namely, that between a discretionary model of historical development and a fatalistic model of historical inevitability.
GESTÃO DOS RESÍDUOS E SUSTENTABILIDADE NA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO AGRONEGÓCIO DO CAJU NO CEARÁ
Authors: Oliveira Leonel Gois Lima
Published: September 2016

O agronegócio do caju na região Nordeste possui grande importância socioeconômica para o Brasil em função da área explorada, da quantidade de pessoas empregadas e dos produtos destinados à exportação. Neste estudo, busca-se analisar os efeitos da gestão dos resíduos a partir da implementação da Produção Mais Limpa e suas implicações na sustentabilidade da cadeia produtiva do agronegócio do caju. A metodologia de abordagem qualitativa fundamentou-se em entrevistas com um painel constituído por especialistas que atuam no setor. Para a análise, utilizou-se a técnica da Análise Temática que se encontra no conjunto das técnicas da Análise de Conteúdo. Verificou-se que uma melhor gestão dos resíduos é sugerida para os integrantes da cadeia produtiva, principalmente na integração dos seguintes elos: fornecedores de insumos; produtores agrícolas e processadores. Os especialistas discutiram sobre o efeito da gestão dos resíduos na sustentabilidade da cadeia em termos de fortalecimento e, sobretudo, no surgimento de elos com novas oportunidades de negócios.
The Basis for Organization of Universal Learning Activities Forming Process by Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Виноградова  , Vinogradova Natalya
Published: September 2016

The article discusses the actual problem - the successful achievement by younger schoolchildren of metasubject results that meet the requirements

of the Federal state educational standard of primary education. Operational characteristics of universal learning activities are given, the

knowledge of which could be of great help to the teacher in the selection of the content of various kinds of universal learning activities.
Socio-Cultural Adaptation of Migrant Children by Means of Russian Language
Authors: Проскурня  , Proskurnya I.
Published: September 2016

The article considers the socio-cultural component of the process of adaptation of children who immigrated with his parents in Russia, taking into

account the psychological characteristics of the younger schoolchild. It is proposed to use a gaming activity, which involves the puppet characters,

as an effective means of acquaintance with the Russian language, which stands for many of these children as a foreign language.
Auditorium of the Bolshoi Theater Journey As a Form of Aesthetical Education of Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Петрова  , Petrova A.
Published: September 2016

The article discusses the educational potential of the excursions in the auditorium of the Bolshoi Theatre for introduction to younger students the

peculiarities of architecture, interior design of the theater building, initiation to understanding the creative life of the theater group. The aim of the

tour is the aesthetic education of children, development of their imagination and the ability to co-creation, conscious perception of theatrical art.
Facts and Myths About Animals
Authors: Горбаткина  , Gorbatkina Irina
Published: September 2016

The article gives an interesting encyclopedic material about animals (real and fantastic stories of their lives), which can be used at the World Around Us lessons in the elementary school, as well as in extra-curricular work with younger schoolchildren. These classes are aimed to develop children’s interest in nature, their ecological education, and thinking and imagination.
Task Decomposition and Newsvendor Decision Making
Authors: Lee Yun Shin , Siemsen Enno
Published: September 2016

We conduct three behavioral laboratory experiments to compare newsvendor order decisions placed directly to order decisions submitted in a decomposed way by soliciting point forecasts, uncertainty estimates, and service-level decisions. Decomposing order decisions in such a way often follows from organizational structure and can lead to performance improvements compared with ordering directly. However, we also demonstrate that if the critical ratio is below 50%, or if the underlying demand uncertainty is too high, task decomposition may not be preferred to direct ordering. Under such conditions, decision makers are prone to set service levels too high or to suffer from excessive random judgment error, which reduces the efficacy of task decomposition. We further demonstrate that if accompanied by decision support in the form of suggested quantities, task decomposition becomes the better-performing approach to newsvendor decision making more generally. Decision support and task decomposition therefore appear as complementary methods to improve decision performance in the newsvendor context.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Healthcare law and ethics, 7: quality and quantity of life
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: September 2016

The assessment of quality versus quantity or length of life using assessment tools such as QALYs can have implications for often costly treatment, with many of these implications having an ethical component. This article will briefly explain what a QALY is, placing this within notes on the meaning of quality, quality of life versus length of life and quality of life and financial costs.
Factors associated with limited exercise capacity and feasibility of high intensity interval training in people with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease
Authors: Haas Bernhard , Cinnamond Sally , Hunter Heather , Marsden Jonathan
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims:

Fitness and function can improve with exercise in people with Parkinson's disease. Animal models suggest that exercise may also have a neuroprotective effect, with higher intensity exercise being more beneficial than lower intensity exercise. However, in people with Parkinson's disease the factors limiting exercise capacity are not fully understood and it is unclear whether training at very high intensities would be safe, feasible and acceptable.

Methods:

Eighteen people with Parkinson's disease were recruited to explore respiratory and neuromuscular factors that may limit exercise capacity. In a purposive subgroup of 6 participants able to achieve >75% of their predicted maximum heart rate the feasibility of undertaking six high intensity interval training sessions over 3 weeks was tested. Their experience was further explored in a focus group.

Results:

Lower exercise capacity was associated with lower limb flexor muscle strength (r2=0.51) but not with disease severity or respiratory function. There were no adverse events or drop-outs in those taking part in the exercise regimen. Improvements were seen in fitness, health related quality of life, activity levels, walking speed, muscle strength and cycle endurance. Participants reported that they enjoyed high intensity, supervised exercise. High intensity interval training may be feasible and safe.

Conclusions:

We concluded that high intensity interval training has the potential to be a safe and acceptable mode of exercise in this patient group.
Evidence-informed clinical perspectives on selecting gait trainer features for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Paleg Ginny , Livingstone Roslyn
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims:

Children with cerebral palsy often use gait trainers to augment their mobility. These are supportive walking devices that take the weight of the body through a solid or fabric ‘seat’, stabilise the trunk, and support the pelvis. The purpose of this analysis article is to review the evidence and clinical considerations influencing the selection of gait trainer features for children with cerebral palsy and to describe gait trainer models.

Methods:

A scoping methodology was used to identify any relevant research and clinical literature supporting the selection of different gait trainer features. An internet search was undertaken to identify a wide range of gait trainers currently available. Factors influencing the selection of different gait trainer features including frame and wheel style and support options are discussed, combining information from manufacturers’ websites, expert opinion and evidence from the literature review.

Results:

Twenty-seven articles were included in this study. These included nine intervention studies, three articles describing gait trainer development, three expert opinion articles, a survey of therapist opinion and a study comparing physical properties of three different gait trainers. In addition information on device features relevant to gait trainers was drawn from 10 intervention studies of children using hand-held walkers. Twenty-four different gait trainers were identified as being commercially available in the UK, Canada and USA at time of searching.

Conclusions:

Evidence supporting selection of gait trainer styles and features for children with cerebral palsy is very limited. Further research is needed in all aspects of gait trainer assessment, selection and implementation. Clinical consensus may be helpful in providing guidance in decision-making around prescription and use of gait trainers and features for children with cerebral palsy who have differing clinical profiles and needs.
Manuka honey in wound management: greater than the sum of its parts?
Authors: White R.
Published: September 2016

Few involved in wound care will have escaped the considerable interest which has been generated by the resurgence in honey. Equally, there will be many clinicians around the globe who are wondering why all the fuss, as they will have been using honey all along. However, even with the advent of ‘medical-grade’ honey, combined with considerable research into the numerous potential modes of action, there remains a lingering scepticism regarding the value of honey as a justified, modern intervention in wound care.

The purpose of this brief review is to summarise the ongoing chemical, biochemical and microbiological research and to correlate it with clinical outcomes. The purpose being to present the enquiring clinician with an evidence summary with which clinical choices may be made. While much of the early research was into generic honeys, one particular source, manuka, appears especially effective, and as such this has been the focus of recent studies.
Enhancing skin integrity: an interprofessional approach
Authors: Ousey K. , Webb R.
Published: September 2016

Earlier this year the University of Huddersfield's Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention in association with the Journal of Wound Care (JWC) held the first International Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention Conference. The 2-day event consisted of a mix of keynotes, symposia and short presentations from key opinion leaders and post graduate research students. Here Professor Karen Ousey and Dr Rachel Webb present the highlights of this event.
Type and Intensity of Negative Life Events Are Associated With Depression in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Hove Oddbjørn , Assmus Jörg , Havik Odd E.
Published: September 2016

This study investigated the associations between types and intensity of life events and symptoms of depression among adults with intellectual disabilities. A community sample (N = 593) was screened for current depression and exposure to life events (i.e., loss, illness, change, and bullying) during the previous 12 months. Symptoms of depression were measured using the Psychopathology Checklists for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities. Exposure to three of the four types of life events studied (loss, illness, and bullying) and the intensity of the events were associated with depression, particularly in the cases of loss of relatives and bullying. Quality of care moderated the association between bullying and depression and may buffer the adverse consequences of bullying.
Facebook and political participation: Virtuous circle and participation intermediaries
Authors: Casteltrione Isidoropaolo
Published: September 2016

Drawing from the results of a mixed-methods cross-national study focusing on Italy and the United Kingdom, this article explores how the contribution of Facebook to citizens’ political participation varies in relation to pre-existing levels and different dimensions of political activity – namely, political expression and information vs political mobilization. The findings indicate that politically active individuals are the ones who take more advantage of the mobilization affordances of Facebook, whereas less politically active participants employ this social networking site mainly for political information. Activists consider Facebook as a key tool for the organization of political initiatives, enabling them to quickly communicate and coordinate, and to operate independently from traditional political institutions such as parties and trade unions. With regard to citizens who engage to a lesser degree in offline and online political activities, the informative power of Facebook and its ease of use come into play. Facebook can, in fact, lower the thresholds of participation by making it more flexible. In addition, political information can reach less engaged users through the activity of participation intermediaries, activating a virtuous circle and potentially producing, in the long run, a mobilization effect.
ICT uses by 14–20-year-olds in India: Imperatives of parental intervention
Authors: Kumar Rajesh
Published: September 2016

Over the past two decades both information and communication infrastructure and its user base have grown exponentially in India. However, where in quantitative terms the figures are significantly higher than in countries where Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are more developed and widespread, in terms of percentage, and in relation to the overall population, India has yet to reach a significant level of penetration of ICT usage. Where these technologies are enriching and convenient for a wide range of social interactions, they also bring a series of challenges, particularly for younger users. Cyberbullying, easier ways to be contacted by strangers, and easier access to porn and other age-inappropriate content are among the main potential dangers that they may face. Within this context, this article will discuss the role of parental mediation based on the findings of an exploratory study conducted in India. The research attempted to comprehend how technological changes are influencing children and their families, and what can be the role of parents in this process. Situating the study in the wider context of global parental mediation practices, the article attempts to explore current parental mediation practices in India, how the young react to these practices, and discusses effective parental mediation practices within the social and cultural context of India.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lohman Kirsty , Dale Pete
Published: September 2016

SOME OF US SCREAM, SOME OF US SHOUT, GREGORY BULL AND MIKE DINES (EDS) (2016) Portsmouth: Itchy Monkey Press, 270 pp., ISBN number: 9781523264223, p/bk £12.00

CRASS REFLECTIONS, ALASTAIR GORDON (2016) London: Active Distribution and Portsmouth: Itchy Monkey Press. ISBN 978-1-909798-22-9. Hardback £4.84 and paperback £4.44
Linguagem Política e Leituras do Contrato Social nos alvores da Revolução Liberal em Portugal
Authors: Araújo Ana Cristina
Published: September 2016

O vocabulário político que impulsionou a expansão editorial e periódica em Portugal, em finais do século XVIII, tem subjacente a divulgação do pensamento de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Depois da Revolução de 1820, o Contrato Social (1762) foi traduzido para português e conheceu três edições no espaço de um ano.
Os publicistas liberais e os escritores mais acutilantes inspiraram-se diretamente em Jean-Jacques Rousseau para sublinharem a importância dos direitos do homem e do cidadão e as vantagens do pacto social e das leis. Por outro lado, as controvérsias em torno dos conceitos de vontade geral, opinião pública e religião civil evidenciam os limites colocados à aceitação, com reservas, da teoria política do Contrato Social. Ainda assim, para reforçar o lado prático de adesão afetiva à causa liberal, a sociabilidade política, assente na observância sagrada da lei e no compromisso do contrato social, confere um papel primacial à catequese revolucionária e à educação cívica do povo.
Processo inquisitorial e processo régio: semelhanças e diferenças (o caso português)
Authors: Faria Ana Santiago de
Published: September 2016

O processo inquisitorial foi um dos aspetos mais polémicos da História da Inquisição. Alvo preferencial das críticas dos cristãos-novos, que alegavam a especificidade do procedimento português, é ainda hoje considerado pela historiografia como um procedimento de natureza excecional.
Partindo da premissa que um correto entendimento do processo inquisitorial passa por enquadrá-lo como parte da cultura jurídica europeia de que é originário, propõe-se um estudo comparativo entre o processo praticado no Tribunal do Santo Oficio Português, tal como consagrado no Regimento do Santo Oficio de 1640, com o direito processual penal secular, regulado nas Ordenações Filipinas.
Através de uma análise comparativa que autonomiza, por um lado, a marcha do processo, por outro, a teoria da prova, pretende-se aferir quais as semelhanças e diferenças existentes entre as duas justiças, nomeadamente se institutos e práticas jurídicas similares possuíam a mesma natureza, enquanto normas gerais ou excecionais.
Utopia e Profetismo no Século das Luzes. D. José (1761-1788), Príncipe do Brasil, Imperador do Mundo
Authors: Buescu Ana Isabel
Published: September 2016

Tendo por base um manuscrito da Biblioteca da Ajuda, oferecido a D. José, Príncipe do Brasil, este texto procura evidenciar como a "constelação mítica" das origens de Portugal e do seu destino imperial, em que o milagre de Ourique e o Juramento de Afonso Henriques têm um lugar central, estão ainda presentes na cultura política no século das Luzes. Em gestação desde pelo menos o século XV, tal construção ideológica culmínaria no século XVII na utopia, messiânica e profética, do Quinto Império. Caberia à nação portuguesa, escolhida por Deus nos campos de Ourique para espalhar universalmente a fé, erguer um império cristão onde a paz e a concórdia reinariam. Dedicada a um príncipe então destinado a ser rei de Portugal não é, portanto, uma concepção insólita ou excepcional: antes continua a veicular, no "racional" século XVIII, uma memória nacional ancorada no mito fundador. Mais: como veremos, o século XVIII ajudou activamente a transmitir o edificio mítico das origens ao século XIX, até à polémica em que pontificou Alexandre Herculano.
As Romarias no Planalto Beirão, desde os inícios do Século XVIII
Authors: Silva José Manuel Azevedo e
Published: September 2016

Neste estudo, começamos por nos situar nos princípios do século XVIII e por captar a rede de santuários e de outros tipos de templos do planalto beirão dedicados à Virgem Maria, nas suas múltiplas invocações, constantes do Santuário Mariano, de Frei Agostinho de Santa Maria. O autor publicou, em volumes separados, os santuários respeitantes às três dioceses que então (como hoje, com o ajustamento dos seus limites) estão presentes neste espaço geográfico. Seguindo a ordem alfabética, temos as dioceses de Coimbra, da Guarda e de Viseu. Este foi o seu único critério organizativo. Tendo a plena consciência de podermos incorrer nalguma imprecisão, face à divisão administrativa dos concelhos de então e de agora, esforçámo-nos por "arrumar" os templos (santuário, capela, ermida ou igreja matriz) que abrigavam a imagem da Virgem Maria, dentro da jurisdição de cada um dos actuais 17 municípios do planalto beirão. Abordaremos também, ontem como hoje, os cultos não marianos, a simbiose entre o sagrado e o profano e os principais santuários e romarias em honra e glória do Senhor, bem como o sentido das preces ou o cumprimento de promessas dos crentes aos santos e santas da sua devoção.
Doutrinas e profilaxia da tuberculose em Portugal nos finais do século XIX
Authors: Vieira Ismael Cerqueira
Published: September 2016

A tuberculose é hoje tida como uma doença infetocontagiosa. Todavia, até finais do século XIX perseveraram duas doutrinas opostas, a da hereditariedade e a do contágio.
Mesmo após a revolução pasteuriana e as provas laboratoriais da infeto-contagiosidade demonstradas por Villemin (1865) e por Koch (1882), a comunidade médica portuguesa tardou em perfilhar o contagionismo da tuberculose mantendo-se fiel à doutrina da hereditariedade. Esta questão teve como consequência, além da errada formação dos médicos, o atraso das campanhas profiláticas num país pobre e fustigado pela tuberculose, que era das primeiras causas de morte em Portugal. Neste trabalho pretende-se discutir um tema antigo da medicina portuguesa, nomeadamente a difícil aceitação da doutrina da contagiosidade da tuberculose e a sua influência na prevenção organizada.
Tempo de Passagem: Os Governos Provisórios no Contexto da Adesão de Portugal à CEE (1974-76)
Authors: Cunha Alice
Published: September 2016

A ligação de Portugal com a Comunidade Económica Europeia conheceu diferentes vertentes ao longo do tempo, derivado das vicissitudes da época, das circunstâncias, da política e da economia. Neste aspecto, o 25 de Abril de 1974 estabelece uma fronteira entre um relacionamento estritamente económico e um outro de índole económica mas também política. Este artigo analisará precisamente este espaço de fronteira e os dois anos durante os quais serão evidentes as indecisões dos governos provisórios sobre as fórmulas a adoptar no seu relacionamento com a CEE; e também o apoio, político mas também financeiro, da CEE, condicionado a uma evolução favorável à democracia no país.