bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of δ2H and δ18O in Soil Water and Its Linkage to Precipitation in an East Asian Monsoon Subtropical Forest Plantation
Authors: Lyu Sidan
Published: October 2021

The linkage between δ2H and δ18O of soil water and precipitation provides a way of understanding precipitation infiltration, residence time, and soil water source. Soil water at 0–5, 15–20, and 40–45 cm depths and event-based precipitation were collected in a subtropical forest plantation. Correlations between the δ18O of soil water and precipitation on the same day were used to determine the critical threshold of precipitation infiltration. Residence time of precipitation in soil was determined with correlations between the δ18O of soil water and cumulative precipitation before sampling. Soil water source was determined by the intersection points of Soil Water Evaporation Lines (SEL) and local meteoric water lines. The results showed that precipitation >5–6 mm could pass through canopy and litter, and infiltrate into soil. Residence times varied from a few days to several months, and increased with soil depth. The model-based approach for SEL estimation were more robust than the regression-based approach due to the inverse variability in the δ2H and δ18O of soil water source and soil evaporative fractionation. Soil water at a 0–5 cm depth originated mainly from precipitation in the current season, while those at 15–20 and 40–45 cm depths originated mainly from precipitation in the previous season.
Transient Process of Pumped Storage System Coupling Gas–Liquid Interface: Novel Mathematical Model and Experimental Verification
Authors: Liu Chengpeng , Peng Tao , Yang Jiebin , Zhao Zhigao , Yang Jiandong
Published: October 2021

The traditional calculation method for a transient process has high accuracy when the pipeline only contains liquid, but when the pipeline contains both gas and liquid the accuracy is greatly reduced. The coupling characteristics of gas–liquid interface movement in hydraulic transient processes are not clear due to the lack of high-precision mathematical model and experimental verification. This paper proposes a novel mathematical model of a gas–liquid pipeline system in a hydropower station based on Preissman’s implicit difference scheme and the method of characteristics. The solving mechanism of the transient process of gas–liquid movement was developed on the gas–liquid interface tracking method. Subsequently, the models proposed in this paper were applied in two typical scenarios of a gas–liquid transient process in a hydropower system, and their accuracy were verified in a field experiment. The comparison results showed that the novel model could accurately capture the movement of the gas–liquid interface, and the average relative error of the characteristic parameter was about 7.2%. Under the load rejection condition, the change speed of characteristic parameters was positively correlated with the pipeline slope. Under the pump failure after low-head startup condition, the maximum pumping discharge was negatively correlated with startup water level and the maximum reversal discharge and speed were positively correlated with the pump failure water level. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed model has advantages in solving the complex transient process coupling gas–liquid. It has potential value in applications such as the safe operation of hydropower stations, the transient process of water diversion projects and in urban pipe network operation.
Matrix Suction Evaluation of Soil-Rock Mixture Based on Electrical Resistivity
Authors: Wang Kui , Xia Zhengting , Li Xue
Published: October 2021

The soil-rock mixture is an important construction material in practical engineering. Its physical properties, especially soil-water properties, are particularly important for on-site construction, while both matrix suction and electrical resistivity in unsaturated soils depend on the magnitude of moisture content, and a certain relationship can be established between the two physical quantities. Therefore, in this paper, we designed a matrix suction–electrical resistivity synergistic test device and conducted indoor physical tests on common soil-rock mixtures in the Chongqing area to investigate the correlation between matrix suction and electrical resistivity in soil-rock mixtures. The electrical resistivity comprehensive parameter was used to represent the electrical resistivity characteristics of rock and soil. Based on the experimental results, a matrix suction–electrical resistivity comprehensive parameter model applicable to soil-rock mixtures was established, and the sensitivity analysis of the model parameters was carried out. The results show that the soil-water characteristic curve of the soil-rock mixture has a double-step shape, and the shape of the curve under different compaction degrees is similar. The matrix suction and mass moisture content of the soil-rock mixture were positively correlated with the compaction degree. There was good consistency between the experimentally measured matrix suction and the matrix suction reflected by the electrical resistivity in the model. Moreover, the model curve was able to reflect the drainage process of pores in the soil for soil–stone mixtures with a bimodal pore size distribution, thus providing a new way to measure the matrix suction of unsaturated soil–stone mixtures in practical engineering.
Enhancement of Power Generation and Organic Removal in Double Anode Chamber Designed Dual-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (DAC-DCMFC)
Authors: Samudro Ganjar , Imai Tsuyoshi , Hung Yung-Tse
Published: October 2021

One of the important factors in enhancing the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is reactor design and configuration. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the regressors and their operating parameters affecting the double anode chamber–designed dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (DAC-DCMFC) performance. Its primary design consists of two anode chamber compartments equipped with a separator and cathode chamber. The DAC-DCMFCs were parallelly operated over 8 days (60 days after the acclimation period). They were intermittently pump-fed with the different organic loading rates (OLRs), using chemically enriched sucrose as artificial wastewater. The applied OLRs were adjusted at low, medium, and high ranges from 0.4 kg.m−3.d−1 to 2.5 kg.m−3.d−1. The reactor types were type 1 and type 2 with different cathode materials. The pH, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), optical density 600 (OD600), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured, using standard analytical instruments. In general, the power production achieved a maximum of 866 ± 44 mW/m2, with a volumetric power density of 5.15 ± 0.26 W/m3 and coulombic efficiency of 84%. Two-stage COD and TOC removal at medium OLR achieved a range of 60–80%. Medium OLR is the recommended level to enhance power production and organic removal in DAC-DCMFC. The separated anode chambers into two parts in a dual anode chamber microbial fuel cell adjusted by various organic loadings expressed a preferable comprehension in the integrated MFCs for wastewater treatment.
FLOMPY: An Open-Source Toolbox for Floodwater Mapping Using Sentinel-1 Intensity Time Series
Authors: Karamvasis Kleanthis , Karathanassi Vassilia
Published: October 2021

A new automatic, free and open-source python toolbox for the mapping of floodwater is presented. The output of the toolbox is a binary mask of floodwater at a user-specified time point within geographical boundaries. It exploits the high spatial (10m) and temporal (6 days per orbit over Europe) resolution of Sentinel-1 GRD intensity time series and is based on four processing steps. In the first step, a selection of Sentinel-1 images related to pre-flood (baseline) state and flood state is performed. In the second step, the preprocessing of the selected images is performed in order to create a co-registered stack with all the pre-flood and flood images. In the third step, a statistical temporal analysis is performed and a t-score map that represents the changes due to a flood event is calculated. Finally, in the fourth step, a classification procedure based on the t-score map is performed to extract the final flood map. A thorough analysis based on several flood events is presented to demonstrate the main benefits, limitations and the potential of the proposed methodology. The validation was performed using Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS) products. In all case studies, overall accuracies were higher than 0.95 with Kappa scores higher than 0.76. We believe that the end-user community can benefit by exploiting the flood maps of the proposed methodological pipeline by using the provided open-source toolbox.
Study on Adsorption of As(III) by a New Bio-Material from Chitin Pyrolysis
Authors: Yang Zhiguang , Yan Gaojun , Song Zhiwei , Zhang Junzheng , Wang Chenlong , Yu Zhisheng , Bai Zhihui , Zhuang Guoqiang , Liang Feng
Published: October 2021

Chitin-char is obtained from fast pyrolysis of chitin. To obtain the maximum surface area, chitin-char is treated by nitric acid. Then, a kind of new arsenic removal bio-material is prepared by loading Ca(OH)2 on the char (called Ca(OH)2-char). IR spectroscopy before and after char treatment reveal at least three distinct patterns of peak changes. An adsorption study is performed at different doses, pHs, and coexisting ions in the batch mode. The adsorption kinetics follows two first-order equations. Kinetic studies yield an optimum equilibrium time of 2 h with an adsorbent dose of 0.4 g/L and concentration of 10 mg/L. Using only 0.4 g/L of carbon, the maximum removal capacity is about 99.8%. The result indicates that the Ca(OH)2-char has a high adsorption capacity in the process of removing arsenic (III).
Soft Data in Hydrologic Modeling: Prediction of Ecologically Relevant Flows with Alternate Land Use/Land Cover Data
Authors: Haas Henrique , Dosdogru Furkan , Kalin Latif , Yen Haw
Published: October 2021

Watershed-scale hydrological models have become important tools to understand, assess, and predict the impacts of natural and anthropogenic-driven activities on water resources. However, model predictions are associated with uncertainties stemming from sources such as model input data. As an important input to most watershed models, land use/cover (LULC) data can affect hydrological predictions and influence the interpretation of modeling results. In addition, it has been shown that the use of soft data will further ensure the quality of modeling results to be closer to watershed behavior. In this study, the ecologically relevant flows (ERFs) are the primary soft data to be considered as a part of the modeling processes. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of LULC input data on the hydrological responses of the rapidly urbanizing Upper Cahaba River watershed (UCRW) located in Alabama, USA. Two sources of LULC data, i.e., National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and Digitized Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images, were used as input in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for the years 1992 and 2011 using meteorological data from 1988 to 2013. The model was calibrated at the watershed outlet against daily streamflow from 1988 to 1993 using the 1992 LULC data and validated for the 2008–2013 period using the 2011 LULC datasets. The results show that the models achieved similar performances with both LULC datasets during the calibration and validation periods according to commonly used statistical rating metrics such as Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and model percent bias (PBIAS). However, LULC input information had substantial impacts on simulated ERFs such as mean monthly streamflow, maximum and minimum flows of different durations, and low flow regimes. This study demonstrates that watershed models based on different sources of LULC and applied under different LULC temporal conditions can achieve equally good performances in predicting streamflow. However, substantial differences might exist in predicted hydrological regimes and ERF metrics depending on the sources of LULC data and the LULC year considered. Our results reveal that LULC data can significantly impact the simulated flow regimes of the UCRW with underlaying influences on the predicted biotic and abiotic structures of aquatic and riparian habitats.
Identification of Hydraulic Parameters Influencing the Hydraulic Erodibility of Spillway Flow Channels
Authors: Koulibaly Aboubacar Sidiki , Saeidi Ali , Rouleau Alain , Quirion Marco
Published: October 2021

The rock mass erosion of dam spillways, a phenomenon involving the interaction between the hydraulic load of water and the capability of the rock mass to resist its destruction, remains a critical safety issue. The erosion resistance of a rock mass can be estimated through several erodibility indices, including those of Kirsten, Pells or Bollaert. Several indices have been developed to link rock resistance to the hydraulic parameters of water, i.e., the hydraulic load applied on a rock mass. The developed indices use the average flow velocity, the average shear stress on the bottom of the flow channel, the stress applied to the internal joints of fractured rock mass, the dynamic impulse force, and the power dissipation of water to represent the erosive force of water. From these indices, several methods of assessing hydraulic erosion have been developed, and all use the threshold line concept. Nonetheless, several uncertainties are associated with these methods. This paper presents and discusses the various means of calculating the erosive force of water as a hazard parameter for predicting potential rock erosion. The representativeness of these approaches is also discussed, and we clarify nuances associated with each method. We then provide guidelines for future research aimed at improving estimates of the erosive force of the water within spillway flow channels.
Hydraulic Planning in Insular Urban Territories: The Case of Madeira Island—Ribeira Brava
Authors: Lousada Sérgio , Cabezas José , Castanho Rui Alexandre , Gómez José Manuel Naranjo
Published: October 2021

The main objective of this study was to analyze the flood propensity of the main watercourse of Ribeira Brava drainage basin and, if necessary, to suggest two methodologies to mitigate the impacts, i.e., detention basin sizing and riverbed roughness coefficient adjustment. For the flood propensity assessment, geomorphological data obtained from the watershed characterization process was used through the SIG ArcGIS software and then used for the calculation of the expected peak flow rate for a return period of 100 years using the Gumbel Distribution. Finally, the drainage capacity of the river mouth was verified via the Manning-Strickler equation, with the purpose of establishing whether the river mouth of the watershed has the capacity to drain the entire volume of rainwater in an extreme flood event. In summary, the results indicate that the river mouth of the Ribeira Brava watershed does not have the capacity to drain the rain flow for the pre-established return period; therefore, the detention basin was sized using the Dutch Method and the Simplified Triangular Hydrograph Method, and the roughness coefficient was adjusted in order to ensure the increase in the river mouth’s drainage capacity.
Spatiotemporal Changes in Mulberry-Dyke-Fish Ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the Past 40 Years
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , Cheng Zihao , Qiu Junliang , Park Edward , Ran Lishan , Xie Xuetong , Yang Xiankun
Published: October 2021

Mulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystems are a representative traditional eco-agriculture in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Investigations about the changes in the systems and their relevant water environments under the background of rapid urbanization can provide valuable information to formulate sustainable protection and development strategies. Using the Landsat images obtained after 1986, this study combined supervised classification and visual interpretation approaches, as well as water intensity index and synthesized index to identify the spatial patterns of changes in the ponds in the GBA over the past 40 years. The results indicated that during the period 1986–2013, the total surface area of the ponds in the GBA increased significantly and peaked in 2013 with a total increase of 84.63%; After that, the total surface area showed a downward trend with a total decrease of approximately 31.34%. The year of 2013 was identified as the milestone of the changes. The results proved that human activities have continuously influenced the spatial distribution and size of fish ponds in the past 40 years. The fish ponds had transformed from near-natural ponds with different sizes and a near-natural random distribution in the early stage into an artificial distribution and an artificial shape. Land use changes, industrial transfer, Government guidance and financial motives were the major drivers to the changes. If no effective measures are taken, this shrinking trend in the ponds will remain in the future.
Research on Load and Mutual Inductance Identification Method of WPT System Based on a LCC-S Type Compensation Network
Authors: Xue Ming , Lu Keyan , Zhu Lihua
Published: October 2021

The identification of load and mutual inductance parameters of a wireless power transfer system can make the mathematical model of the system more accurate, which can effectively avoid system errors due to parameter uncertainties in the implementation of control, and provide theoretical support for system interoperability and high efficiency. This paper uses the two-port theorem and fundamental wave analysis to establish the identification model and obtain the relationship between inverter output current and load and between mutual inductance and load based on the equivalent circuit of a LCC-S magnetically coupled wireless power transfer system. To make the identification results more accurate, a particle swarm optimization algorithm with weights is introduced to transform the parameter identification problem of the system into an optimization problem, which can obtain the identification method of the system load and mutual inductance parameters. Both simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
Core Loss Analysis and Modeling of a Magnetic Coupling System in WPT for EVs
Authors: Chen Qingbin , Fan Feng , Wang Jinshuai , Chen Wei
Published: October 2021

The magnetic core is an important part of the magnetic coupling system in wireless power transmission (WPT) for EVs. It helps to increase the coupling coefficient and reduce magnetic field leakage. However, it also brings additional core loss. While the traditional core loss model cannot be used directly due to the uneven distribution of the magnetic flux density, this paper focuses on the flux density distribution in the disk core of a WPT system. Based on a finite element analysis (FEA) simulation and a theoretical magnetic flux density distribution analysis, a mathematical model of magnetic flux density distribution is built, which is regarded as a quadratic function. Through this model, the flux density distribution can be calculated by the electrical and mechanical specifications of the magnetic coupling system. Combining the model of flux density distribution, the disk core loss model of the WPT system is proposed—the idea of which is dividing the disk core into several circle sheets firstly, and then summing the core loss of all circle sheets. Finally, the FEA simulation results verify the proposed model as being correct and flexible.
Research on NEV Platform Development Strategies for Automotive Companies
Authors: Liu Zongwei , Liu Xinglong , Zhao Fuquan
Published: October 2021

Developing new energy vehicles (NEVs) is essential for China’s automotive industry to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. The development of a NEV platform is an effective means for automotive companies to balance the development cost, development time, and product performance of NEVs. However, there is no clear solution to choosing new energy vehicle platform development strategies and models for automotive companies. This paper mainly studies the significance of NEV platform development, the classification and characteristics of NEV platforms, and the development strategies and trends of NEV platforms for automotive companies. The study results found that choosing a new dedicated electric platform (NDEP) is inevitable for the latest automotive companies, such as TESLA Motors. An adapted electric platform (AEP) is a temporary solution that meets the dual credits policy. It lacks competitiveness and has been gradually eliminated for the traditional automotive companies. The new dedicated electric platform is a long-term development solution when comprehensively considering the market, technology, and policy. The compatible platform (CP) is a transitional solution when considering the development trend of automotive powertrain, the market size of NEVs, and the platform technology of NEVs. Besides, joint development and shared use is the primary development model for the automotive enterprise in the future. Finally, companies should increase their research and development efforts on NEV architecture platforms to maximize platform-based development’s scale effect and application value. The research can provide strategic guidance for automotive companies to develop NEV platforms.
The identity of the Kyrgyz: a historical and social study (Part 2)
Authors: İSRA ŞENGÜL ÇEBİ
Published: October 2021

Identity is determined not by the norms that characterize the culture of a particular period, but by the existence of a community of people who share a common heritage, such as language and history: “… our identities reflect common historical experiences and common cultural codes that provide us as «a people» with stable, unchanging and permanent frames of reference and meaning under the changing distinctions and changes of our true history». Accordingly, we can define the Kyrgyz identity through «a common culture, a common history and a kind of collective real identity shared by all members of the clan». However, the Kyrgyz identity accepts cultural identity as a reality belonging to both the future and the past. In this direction, the Kyrgyz identity is a positioning formed within the framework of historical and cultural discourses. In the light of this information, in this study, we will reveal the historical roots of the Kyrgyz identity.
De Novo Central Vein Stenosis in Hemodialysis Patients Following Initial Tunneled Central Vein Catheter Placement
Authors: Al-Balas Alian , Almehmi Ammar , Varma Rakesh , Al-Balas Hassan , Allon Michael
Published: October 2021

Background

Central vein stenosis (CVS) is a common complication in hemodialysis patients following tunneled central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. Little is known about its incidence, association with patient characteristics, or relationship with duration of CVC placement. We systematically evaluated central vein stenosis in hemodialysis patients receiving their first CVC exchange at a large medical center.

Methods

All new hemodialysis patients underwent an ultrasound before their internal jugular tunneled CVC placement, to exclude venous stenosis or thrombosis. After the initial CVC insertion, if the patients were referred for CVC exchange due to dysfunction, a catheterogram/venogram was performed to assess for hemodynamically significant (≥50%) central vein stenosis. During a 5-year period (January 2016 to January 2021), we quantified the incidence of CVS in patients undergoing CVC exchange. We also evaluated the association of central vein stenosis with patient demographics, comorbidities, and duration of CVC dependence before exchange.

Results

During the study period, 273 patients underwent exchange of a tunneled internal jugular vein CVC preceded by a catheterogram/venogram. Hemodynamically significant CVS was observed in 36 patients (13%). CVS was not associated with patient age, sex, race, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, or CVC laterality. However, the frequency of CVS was associated with the duration of CVC dependence (26% versus 11% for CVC duration ≥6 versus <6 months: odds ratio (95% CI), 3.17 (1.45 to 6.97), P=0.003).

Conclusions

Among incident hemodialysis patients receiving their first tunneled internal jugular CVC exchange, the overall incidence of de novo hemodynamically significant central vein stenosis was 13%. The likelihood of CVS was substantially greater in patients with at least 6 months of CVC dependence.
Harnessing Electrostatic Interactions for Enhanced Conductivity in Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhang An-An , Cheng Xiyue , He Xu , Liu Wei , Deng Shuiquan , Cao Rong , Liu Tian-Fu
Published: October 2021

The poor electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been a stumbling block for its applications in many important fields. Therefore, exploring a simple and effective strategy to regulate the conductivity of MOFs is highly desired. Herein, anionic guest molecules are incorporated inside the pores of a cationic MOF (PFC-8), which increases its conductivity by five orders of magnitude while maintaining the original porosity. In contrast, the same operation in an isoreticular neutral framework (PFC-9) does not bring such a significant change. Theoretical studies reveal that the guest molecules, stabilized inside pores through electrostatic interaction, play the role of electron donors as do in semiconductors, bringing in an analogous n-type semiconductor mechanism for electron conduction. Therefore, we demonstrate that harnessing electrostatic interaction provides a new way to regulate the conductivity of MOFs without necessarily altering the original porous structure. This strategy would greatly broaden MOFs’ application potential in electronic and optoelectronic technologies.
Gold and Carbon-Based Nano-theranostics: An Overview on the Developments and Applications for Cancer Phototherapy
Authors: Shailendrakumar Ashay Manisha , Tippavajhala Vamshi Krishna
Published: October 2021

Nano-theranostics are versatile nanomaterials, explored in the current scenario of cancer therapy. A nano-theranostic material alone can diagnose and generate a therapeutic effect. Various materials have been explored for their nano-theranostic action like gold and carbon-based material. The photon-based cancer theranostics has grabbed the attention of researchers due to their localized and trigger activated effect. Nano-theranostics have shown a promising result in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The current review illustrates the meticulous efforts conducted by researchers across the globe to innovate and explore the photon-based cancer nano-theranostic platforms of gold and carbon with their application in cancer therapy.
School Grade Repetition in Brazil: History of the Configuration of a Political and Educational Problem
Authors: Gil Natália
Published: October 2021

This article intends to argue that the movement of students through the Brazilian mandatory school only acquires signs of an educational political problem from the 1930’s on. It indicates that the current sense of the notion of student failure came to be defined only in the twentieth century, although it was possible to fail students since before. It intends to show further that, in articulation with political and cultural changes in education – such as the emergence of compulsory school, the definition of grade-based model of school, and the primacy of homogeneity of classes – the emergence of better and systematic statistics after 1931 contributed decisively in defining the conditions for the possibility of inclusion of student failure as a problem on the political agenda.
Plan de comunicación para establecer el posicionamiento a nivel internacional de la marca “Jimmy Trendy” en el mercado estadounidense
Authors:   , Quintero Buitrago Jaime Alexander
Published: October 2021

Este proyecto busca diseñar una estrategia de posicionamiento de la marca de ropa interior masculina de lujo ‘'Jimmy Trendy’’ en el mercado internacional, basado en un manejo constante de la comunicación, identidad, planeación, benchmarking, marca y análisis del mercado como herramientas para el buen desempeño de la marca personal y para el desarrollo de un plan de comunicaciones efectivo. El plan estratégico de comunicación está dirigido al target de un hombre metrosexual que encuentra en la ropa interior una forma más de expresar su personalidad y sexualidad, sin necesidad de demarcar su orientación sexual, encuentra en ella una variedad de diseños que le permiten identificarse y sentirse a gusto con los más altos estándares de calidad.
Simulation of Admixture Dynamics in a Reservoir Lower Pool in Case of Hydro Power Station Extreme Release
Authors:   Rakhuba А.V.
Published: October 2021

The Togliatti urban waste water source impact upon the Saratov Reservoir water quality in the conditions of the regulated flow has been assessed with numeric simulation methods. A mathematical model of the admixture dynamics has been shown; its parameters have been determined and verified. Pollutants propagation simulation results at different water release regimes of the nuclear power station have been discussed.
Changes of Water Turbidity at the Pipelines Crossings of a River Construction Sites
Authors:   Alekseyevskiy N.I., Ivanov V.V., Fyodorova Т.А.
Published: October 2021

Analysis of pipelines construction impact on changes of water turbidity at the Malaya Severnaya Dvina, Sukhona, Kolp, Tvertsa and Logovezh rivers have been performed. Technogenic increase of water turbidity downstream of pipelines passages construction sites (with taking into account variability of suspended particles content in water during the different phases of water regime) and effectiveness of the current calculation methods for determination of longitudinal and transversal transformation of the turbidity fields depending on combination of natural and technogenic factors have been assessed.
ABOUT THE DEVICES CONNECTING LEVEL WELLS OF FIXED CANAL AS «FIXED LINE» WITH TRAPEZOIDAL CANALS
Authors: Mambetov E.M. , Beishekeev K.K. , Karypbaev I.R.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to a sensitive and poorly studied element of a “Fixed Line” as watermeasuring structure - a tube connecting level-gauge wells with watercourses in which water resources are counted. It is shown how these tubes are placed in the walls of the canals in their vertical planes and if they are incorrectly placed - how this can affect the accuracy of the measured water flow rates.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE RIGIDITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STEPS ON THE SIZE OF THE RESPONSE OF BUILDINGS WITH A SEISMIC-INSULATING SLIDING BELT
Authors: Bolotbek T. , Temirkanova Zh.T. , Bekbosunov K.B. , Musaev A.S. , Joldosh uulu A.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the influence of the stiffness of reinforced concrete stops on the magnitude of the reaction of buildings using a sliding belt in modeling and the action of seismic forces.
A parroquia de Santa Marta de Moreiras (O pereiro de Aguiar, Ourense). Patrimonio Histórico-Artístico
Authors: Pérez Pérez Tania
Published: October 2021

O obxectivo deste traballo é realizar unha aproximación ao estudo da arte rural de Galicia que, sendo moi abundante, ocupa un espazo pouco coñecido a nivel nacional. A igrexa de Santa Marta de Moreiras (O Pereiro de Aguiar, Ourense) é un exemplo do románico rural galego que presenta as características deste e algunhas particularidades propias, o que fai do conxunto unha construción moi interesante dentro dos elementos que conforman este estilo.
Impact of Variable Deterioration Rate of Perishable Food Items on Multi-Echelon Distribution Chains
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Polytechnic College, Ezhukone, Kerala (Tamil Nadu), India., M V Dileep , V Dr. Regi Kumar ,   Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Trivandrum, Kerala (Tamil Nadu), India.
Published: October 2021

Customer satisfaction is the backbone of any business entity and supply chain optimization plays a vital role in customer satisfaction efforts. Supply chain inventory control is one of the scientific supply chain optimization methods for determining proper inventory levels at different stages or echelons of the supply chain to meet the requirements of the customers. The intention is to supply right type of material at exact time in appropriate quantities and at competitive rates. Supply chain inventory costs consist of costs to store, track and insure materials. Inventories that mishandled create substantial financial problems for a business, whether the mismanagement results in an inventory accumulation or an inventory shortage. Therefore, an examination of the right quantities to be kept in stock to meet the requirements, the strategic location, storage facilities and recordings of the goods or items should be done systematically such that the desired degree of service can be provided at competitive prices or at minimum ultimate cost. Major objective of inventory control in a multi echelon supply chain is to optimize inventory cost elements like transportation cost, carrying cost, holding cost and all other inventory related costs at all supply chain stages with an elevated service level at the end customer point. The supply chain inventory control becomes tough when the handling material is a perishable one as its deterioration rate is variable rather than constant. This article provides the study results of the deterioration rate of a perishable edible inventory at different selected environmental conditions. The focus of this article is to introduce a mathematical equation for the deterioration rate of the selected perishable inventory which is inevitable for the formulation of inventory models for its supply chain echelons.
New records of Lepidoptera (Insecta) of Severodonetsk (Luhansk Region, Ukraine) and its environs
Authors: Demyanenko S. O. , Bidzilya O. V. , Karolinskiy E. A.
Published: October 2021

An annotated list of new records of butterflies and moths of Severodonetsk is provided. The list includes 425 species registered in Severodonetsk for the first time, 190 species of which are new records for Luhansk Region, and 1 species (Ethmia vittalbella (Christoph, 1877)) is new for Ukraine. Totally, there are 1,074 species of Lepidoptera registered in Severodonetsk.
On the fauna of Lepidoptera (Insecta) of the National Nature Park ‘Dvorichanskyi’ (Kharkiv Region, Ukraine) and its environs. Contribution 5
Authors: Karolinskiy E. A. , Demyanenko S. O. , Bidzilya O. V. , Budashkin Yu. I. , Guglya Yu. O. , Kavurka V. V. , Mushinskiy V. G.
Published: October 2021

An annotated list of new records of butterflies and moths of the National Nature Park ‘Dvorichanskyi’ is provided. The list includes 103 species, of which 80 are registered in the park for the first time, 60 are new records for Kharkiv Region, and 3 (Trifurcula austriaca van Nieukerken, 1990, Ochsenheimeria capella Möschler, 1860, and Leucoptera genistae (M. Herring, 1933)) are new for Ukraine. Totally, there are 1,364 species of Lepidoptera registered in the National Nature Park ‘Dvorichanskyi’. There are 13 species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine and 24 species from the Red Data Book of Kharkiv Region of Ukraine registered in the park.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RECYCLING METHODS OF THE ROAD CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS DURING THE REPAIR OF THE ROAD PAVEMENTS OF THE CAPITAL TYPE
Authors:   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Golovko Sergyi
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The paper considers the issues of increasing of road construction materials reuse when repairing of major type pavements, by simultaneous use of hot and cold recycling technologies (in the plant and on the road). Problem statement. At many road construction objects, especially when repairing roads of state importance, designing engineers meet the problem of the need in a significant amount of bituminous materials. There is a question of how to provide such a quantity of these materials and do it economically efficient. Research has shown that it is necessary to use hot and cold recycling technologies economically efficiently. Purpose. Searching for the possibility of arranging of foundation layers, by simultaneously applying of hot and cold recycling technologies. Research methods. Analytical and experimental with the use of computer simulation of a multilayer structure. Results. It has been determined that the upper layers of the foundation can be strengthened by asphalt concrete manufacturing by hot recycling technology (in the plant), and the lower layers by cold recycling mixtures using different types of binders and manufacturing methods (in the plant and on the road). Conclusions. The conducted research allowed to confirm the thesis about the effectiveness of the solution to restore the strength of the capital-type road pavement. The obtained solution will reduce the cost of pavement repair and solve the issue of bituminous materials utilization, which will positively affect the environmental safety of the region.
ANALYSIS OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURES OF TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION IN THE FORM OF WATER PIPES MADE OF POLYMER MATTERS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukrainе, Onyshchenko Artur , Garkusha Mykola ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukrainе, Klymenko Mykola ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukrainе
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The use of modern materials in the road industry is increasingly common in the construction of roads, one of the modern materials is the use of polymer culverts. The analysis of application of plastic culverts on highways is carried out in the work. The general provisions of design and construction of hydraulic structures of transport construction in the form of culverts made of polymeric materials on highways are given. The existing hydraulic calculation, strength calculations of culverts made of polymeric materials on highways are given. Problem statements. From the literature analysis it is established that culverts made of polymeric materials on highways are in difficult operating conditions, which differ from the operating conditions of reinforced concrete and metal pipes. Purpose. Is to study the effectiveness of culverts made of polymeric materials. Results. The analysis of physical and mechanical properties of culverts made of polymeric materials on highways is carried out. Methods of calculation of culverts from polymeric materials on highways are given. As a result of the conducted researches the analysis of efficiency of application of culverts from polymeric materials on highways is executed. On the basis of the conducted researches the basic requirements to culverts from polymeric materials on highways are established. Conclusions. The results of the research were used in the development of a plan of experimental research to improve regulations for the design, construction and repair of culverts made of polymeric materials on highways. The use of polymer pipes will make it possible to make progressive technical solutions for drainage in road projects.
SYSTEMS OF ANIMAL DETECTION ON HIGHWAYS. EXPERIENCE OF USA AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors:   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kharytonova Nataliia , Lozova Tetiana ,   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The experience of the countries of Western Europe and USA was analyzed, the purposes and methods of implementation of wild animals detection systems on highways are developed. Problem statement. The reduction of the natural habitat of wild animals leads to an increase in the number of road accidents. Animal detection systems are aimed at reducing the frequency of collisions between wild animals and vehicles. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the literature on the effectiveness and evaluation of the implementation of wild animal detection systems; to elaborate sources that describe the history of implementation and experience of foreign countries. Materials and methods. Analysis of foreign sources on the implementation of wild animal detection systems. Results. The analysis of foreign information sources on the implementation of wild animal detection systems was carried out. Conclusions. The experience of the countries of Western Europe and North America is described, the efficiency of implementation of wild animal detection systems is analyzed.
STUDY THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIADHESIVE ACTIVITY OF PURIFIED BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCED FROM LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: Jameel A . A. , Haider N. H.
Published: October 2021

This study was aimed to purification the biosurfactant that produced from Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from clinical samples of iraqi healthy women by column chromatography through silica gel column (3.5 × 30 cm) using solvent system (chloroform : methanol, 2:1) and characterization the purified product by Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Red spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas chromatography (GC) mass then evaluated its antibacterial and anti-adhesive activity. The results shown the higher emulsification activity (E24%= 63) and lower the surface tension to 23 mN/m in synthetic MSM, while the natural media gave (E24% =71) and lower surface tension to 19 mN/m. The using TLC technique indicated presence of lipopeptide in the biosurfactant with Rf value = 0.82. Antibacterial  and antiadhesion activities were evaluated against some pathogenic  bacteria, including Pseudomonas aureginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed a higher inhibitory effect of biosurfactant  at concentration 200 mg/ml on  S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with the inhibition zone 27 mm and 33 mm respectively in BCDFTM media. While purified  biosurfactant with concentration 200 mg/ml produced in MSM media had an effect on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with the inhibition zone 21 mm, and 18 mm respectively. The anti-adhesion activity of purified biosurfactant against p.aeruginosa ranging from (34.70 ± 5.256) to (11.7 ± 9.7) produced from natural media BCDFTM  and was higher than the anti-adhesion activity of purified biosurfactant against the same pathogen ranging from (46.95 ± 7.37) to (20.15 ± 2.805)  produced in MSM.
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN TRADE OF SELECTED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (1995-2017)
Authors: Ghazal K. N. , Qasim R. S. , Sabah O. H.
Published: October 2021

Since the 1990s, the world has undergone dramatic and rapid changes towards the globalization of economic life. The research aims to examine theoretical frameworks and empirical studies that analyses and interpret the mechanism and channels of the impact of globalization policies on agricultural foreign trade by adopting an objective pilot model capable of diagnosing the nature value and direction of this impact based on the latest techniques used in the analysis of time series and the most important tests thereof, namely, both the unit roots test and (E-views 10) program for three developing countries Malaysia, Thailand, and Turkey, during the period 1995-2017. The results of the estimate have shown that there is appositive and statistically significant impact on agricultural foreign trade in the long and short term of the two countries of Malaysia and Thailand, while the relationship was only moral in the short term for Turkey.
A Comprehensive Exploration of Pre-training Language Models
Authors: Guo Tong
Published: October 2021

Recently, the development of pre-trained language models
has brought natural language processing (NLP) tasks to the new state-of-the-art. In this paper we explore the efficiency of various pre-trained
language models. We pre-train a list of transformer-based models with
the same amount of text and the same training steps. The experimental results shows that the most improvement upon the origin BERT is
adding the RNN-layer to capture more contextual information for short text
understanding.
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) and the Economy-Dynamics of Microgrids: Review, Analysis, and Classification for Standardization of BESSs Applications
Authors: Eskandari Mohsen , Rajabi Amin , Rezaeimozafar Mostafa , Savkin Andrey , Moradi Mohammad H. , Dong Zhao Yang
Published: October 2021

The literature on microgrid (MG) studies can be categorized as those that investigated the dynamics or economics of MG systems. Due to the important roles of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in MGs, the BESSs have been involved in both economics and dynamics studies but mostly separately due to the different time constants of studies. Whereas, in the complicated modern MGs, the BESS is the joint point that bridges these two studies. Thus, studying merely one aspect of economy-dynamic without considering the other aspect would not be accurate. To bridge this gap, this paper reviews, analysis and classifies the BESSs applications, based on their time constants, by merging of which helps researchers to develop joint economy-dynamics models that would be the future trend in the field. The classified BESS applications are 1) inertia synthesis, 2) primary frequency response to compensate slow response time of micro-sources (MSs) for load tracking, 3) real-time energy management for the integration of intermittent renewables, 4) economic dispatch and optimal power flow for improving steady-state performance, and 5) slack bus realization. The research gaps and future trends have been discussed throughout the paper and are summarized in the future trend section.
GENERATIONAL FRAMESHIFTS IN TECHNOLOGY: COMPUTER SCIENCE AND NEUROSURGERY, THE VR USE CASE
Authors: R. Browd Samuel , Sharma Maya , Sharma Chetan
Published: October 2021

The paper provides insights into the emerging field of VR Surgery which is a combination of emerging areas in Computer Science like VR, 5G, and Edge Computing and Medicine areas like Surgery and Education. The data mentioned in the paper relates to 5G growth in the US, Edge Computing demands on the network and the new architectures that will be needed to make such systems work end-to-end.
Mobility Digital Twin: Concept, Architecture, Case Study, and Future Challenges
Authors: Wang Ziran
Published: October 2021

A Digital Twin is a digital replica of a living or non-living physical entity, and this emerging technology attracted extensive attention from different industries during the past decade. Although a few Digital Twin studies have been conducted in the transportation domain very recently, there is no systematic research with a holistic framework connecting various mobility entities together. In this study, a Mobility Digital Twin (MDT) framework is developed, which is defined as an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based data-driven cloud-edgedevice framework for mobility services. This MDT consists of three building blocks in the physical space (namely Human, Vehicle, and Traffic), and their associated Digital Twins in the digital space. An example cloud-edge architecture is built with AmazonWeb Services (AWS) to accommodate the proposed MDT framework and to fulfill its digital functionalities of storage, modeling, learning, simulation, and prediction. The effectiveness of the MDT framework is shown through the case study of three digital building blocks with their key micro-services: the Human Digital Twin with user management and driver type classification, the Vehicle Digital Twin with cloud-based Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), and the Traffic Digital Twin with traffic flow monitoring and variable speed limit.