bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Métabolisme énergétique des muscles squelettiques chez les animaux producteurs de viande
Authors: HOCQUETTE J.F. , ORTIGUES-MARTY I. , DAMON M. , HERPIN P. , GEAY Y.
Published: June 2020

Le muscle est d’importance économique majeure chez les animaux producteurs de viande. Ses principales fonctions physiologiques sont la thermogenèse, la posture et l’activité physique de l’animal. Ces fonctions et la croissance du muscle ont des besoins spécifiques en énergie, entraînant parfois des compétitions pour l’utilisation des différents nutriments. Ces régulations métaboliques modifient les efficacités de production et d’utilisation de l’ATP, et certaines caractéristiques musculaires déterminantes pour les qualités de la viande. Par exemple, un métabolisme musculaire plus glycolytique est associé à une meilleure utilisation du glucose, à une plus grande sensibilité du muscle à l’insuline, à un développement accru du muscle, à une réduction de ses dépenses énergétiques, et à une augmentation de sa teneur en glycogène. L’amélioration de la croissance musculaire par la sélection génétique induit un métabolisme musculaire moins oxydatif avec, comme conséquence, moins de lipides intramusculaires. Une augmentation des apports énergétiques favorise les dépôts de protéines, de glycogène et de lipides intramusculaires. Toutefois, des apports excessifs induisent une résistance du muscle à l’insuline favorisant le développement des tissus adipeux de la carcasse. Le turnover des nutriments et leur répartition entre les voies anaboliques (lipogenèse, glycogenèse) ou cataboliques (glycolyse, lipolyse, oxydation) intramusculaires restent à préciser. L’activité physique des animaux et la lutte contre le froid modifient les caractéristiques musculaires en favorisant le métabolisme oxydatif. La question qui se pose aujourd’hui est donc : l’optimisation des efficacités de production et d’utilisation de l’ATP est-elle compatible avec l’amélioration des qualités de la viande, déterminées notamment par les taux de glycogène et de lipides intramusculaire.
Effets de l’exposition au chaud sur les caractéristiques de la prise alimentaire du porc à différents stades physiologiques
Authors: QUINIOU N. , RENAUDEAU D. , COLLIN A. , NOBLET J.
Published: June 2020

L’exposition des porcs à des températures ambiantes élevées s’accompagne d’une chute des performances chez le porcelet sevré, le porc en croissance et la truie en lactation. Cet effet négatif de la chaleur s’exerce notamment via une diminution de la consommation spontanée d’aliment. Après avoir exposé les mécanismes impliqués dans la thermorégulation et les difficultés rencontrées pour définir la zone de confort thermique, cet article présente les effets de la température sur les caractéristiques de la prise alimentaire chez le Porc en s’appuyant sur les résultats d’un programme expérimental développé depuis 1996 à l’INRA de St-Gilles. Ainsi, il apparaît que le Porc a un comportement essentiellement diurne quelle que soit la température ambiante. Dans la gamme des températures étudiées, la moindre consommation alimentaire au chaud résulte, dans un premier temps, d’une diminution de la taille des repas alors que leur fréquence n’est pas modifiée. Cependant, d’après les résultats obtenus chez les truies allaitantes, l’accroissement de l’intensité du stress thermique provoque également une réduction du nombre de repas. Lorsque la température varie au cours de la journée autour d’une valeur moyenne de confort, le porc en croissance et la truie allaitante adaptent leur prise alimentaire aux conditions thermiques et parviennent à compenser leur moindre consommation en période chaude par une ingestion d’aliment accrue pendant les périodes fraîches de la journée. Cependant, sous des températures moyennes élevées (supérieures à la zone de thermoneutralité), la consommation alimentaire plafonne pendant les périodes fraîches et ne permet plus de compenser la chute de consommation lors des périodes chaudes.
La sous-alimentation chez les ruminants : ses effets sur la digestion
Authors: DOREAU M. , GRIMAUD P. , MICHALET-DOREAU B.
Published: June 2020

La relation négative entre le niveau d’ingestion et la digestibilité chez les ruminants a été largement décrite. L’examen de la bibliographie montre que cela est dû à une variation du temps de rétention des particules dans le rumen. Cependant, la majorité des expérimentations a été réalisée à des niveaux d’ingestion supérieurs à l’entretien. Aussi, la présente analyse est centrée sur les travaux réalisés à bas niveaux d’ingestion. Dans ces conditions, la réponse de la digestibilité à une baisse du niveau alimentaire est variable : elle peut augmenter, rester stable ou diminuer selon les essais. Jusqu’à présent, il n’a pas été possible de déterminer les facteurs animaux ou nutritionnels (qualité du fourrage…) qui agissent sur le sens de cette variation, et en particulier sur les chutes inexpliquées de digestibilité. Toutefois, il a clairement été montré que ces diminutions ne sont pas toujours dues à un temps de rétention insuffisant des particules dans le rumen, ou à une réduction insuffisante de taille des particules alimentaires. Les mesures de dégradation in sacco n’ont pas permis de mettre en évidence des différences d’activité microbienne avec le niveau d’ingestion ; on peut émettre l’hypothèse d’une réduction de la croissance bactérienne due à un facteur limitant, ou d’une baisse de l’expression du potentiel de dégradation à très bas niveau.
La digestion des lipides chez le ruminant
Authors: SAUVANT D. , BAS P.
Published: June 2020

La digestion des lipides chez les ruminants présente un regain d’intérêt en raison de la présence, dans les produits de ces animaux, d’acides gras (AG) ayant une influence technologique ou diététique de mieux en mieux démontrée. Dans le réticulo-rumen, la digestion des AG alimentaires correspond au phénomène d’hydrogénation et d’isomérisation. Les micro-organismes, en particulier les bactéries attachées aux particules, sont plus riches en AG que les rations offertes aux ruminants. La composition en AG de ces microorganismes se caractérise par une grande diversité moléculaire (plus de 50 AG) et la domination de deux d’entre eux : C16:0 et surtout C18:0. Cette composition peut être influencée par les caractéristiques de la ration : richesse en concentré et composition en AG lorsqu’il y a supplémentation en matières grasses. Le flux d’AG au duodénum (Y), exprimés en % de la matière sèche ingérée (MSI), est très corrélé au flux ingéré (X, % MSI) : Y = 0,83 X + 0,84 (n = 116, R2 = 0,94, etr = 0,54). Il dépend également de l’importance des synthèses microbiennes ruminales. En moyenne, les 2/3 des doubles liaisons des AG ingérés sont hydrogénées dans le réticulo-rumen. L’intensité de l’hydrogénation diminue avec des rations riches en concentrés et celles qui sont ingérées en grande quantité. Des équations proposées permettent de prédire les flux duodénaux des principaux AG en fonction des flux ingérés. La digestibilité intestinale des AG varie entre 65 et 75 % environ. La nature de la matière grasse apportée semble influencer légèrement cette digestibilité. L’ensemble des données traitées permet de prédire les flux absorbés des principaux AG chez les ruminants et de formuler des régimes sur cette base.
Contrôle de la qualité nutritionnelle des matières grasses du lait par l’alimentation des vaches laitières : acides gras trans, polyinsaturés, acide linoléique conjugué
Authors: CHILLIARD Y. , FERLAY A. , DOREAU M.
Published: June 2020

Après un rappel des voies métaboliques et des flux de nutriments qui concourent à la lipogenèse mammaire, cet article est consacré aux principaux effets de l’alimentation sur la composition en acides gras (AG) du lait de ruminant, en particulier les AG polyinsaturés, les AG monoinsaturés trans et l’acide linoléique conjugué (CLA). Les principaux facteurs alimentaires étudiés sont la nature des fourrages (dont l’herbe pâturée), le suif, protégé ou non, et la supplémentation des rations avec des huiles végétales ou marines (poisson ou algues), protégées ou non. La supplémentation en suif augmente la sécrétion d’acide oléique. La teneur du lait en C18:2 est comprise entre 2 et 3 % avec les rations non supplémentées en lipides, elle n’est augmentée que de 1,5 point lors d’un apport de graines ou d’huiles riches en C18:2, en raison d’une hydrogénation ruminale poussée. Les rations à base d’herbe (riches en C18:3) augmentent légèrement (0,5 à 1 point) la proportion de C18:3 dans le lait par rapport aux rations à base d’ensilage de maïs. La graine de lin permet un accroissement d’environ 0,3 point. La teneur en C20:5 (EPA) et en C22:6 (DHA) est accrue jusqu’à 0,5 % des AG totaux par l’addition d’huiles marines à la ration. Le taux butyreux du lait peut être fortement diminué par les régimes pauvres en fibres et riches en céréales et/ou par l’administration d’huiles marines ou végétales riches en AG insaturés. Les C18:1 trans, notamment les C18:1 trans 11 et trans 10, mais aussi le trans 10, cis 12 CLA, pourraient jouer un rôle dans cette diminution en inhibant la lipogenèse mammaire. Les régimes alimentaires augmentant les proportions des CLA et des C18:1 trans dans le lait sont ceux qui apportent des précurseurs lipidiques pour la formation de ces AG, ou qui modifient l’activité microbienne associée à l’hydrogénation ruminale des AG polyinsaturés ou l’activité de la désaturase mammaire. L’influence de l’alimentation sur les différents isomères du C18:1 et du CLA du lait a été peu étudiée.
Matières grasses alimentaires et composition lipidique des volailles
Authors: LESSIRE M.
Published: June 2020

Les viandes de volailles sont appréciées du consommateur et recommandées par les diététiciens parce qu’elles sont pauvres en lipides et malgré tout bien pourvues en acides gras insaturés. Selon les espèces aviaires, l’âge et le sexe, cette faible teneur en lipides est très relative et l’état d’adiposité peut aussi varier en fonction de nombreux critères liés à l’aliment. Les lipides ajoutés à l’aliment ont pour but principal d’accroître sa concentration énergétique, améliorant ainsi les performances de production. Leur incidence sur l’état d’engraissement des carcasses est mineure lorsque les équilibres nutritionnels et, en particulier, le rapport protéines sur énergie sont maintenus constants. Mais la nature des lipides ajoutés modifie de façon profonde celle des lipides corporels. Ainsi, il est possible d’adapter les profils des acides gras corporels des volailles, et du poulet en particulier, aux exigences de qualité des abattoirs et du consommateur. Cet article illustre les variations que peut présenter le profil en acides gras des tissus des volailles en relation avec les lipides ingérés.
Mass Antibody Detection: Can It be An Avenger for Infectivity War against COVID-19
Authors: Ejazi Sarfaraz Ahmad , Ghosh Sneha , Ali Nahid
Published: June 2020

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has not only commenced a global health emergency but agitated various aspects of humanity. During this period of crisis researchers over the world have ramped their efforts to constrain the disease in all possible ways whether it is vaccination, therapy, or diagnosis. Since the spread of the disease has not yet elapsed sharing the ongoing research findings could be the key to disease control and management. An early and efficient diagnosis could leverage the outcome until a successful vaccine is developed. Molecular tests both in-house and commercial kits are preferably being used worldwide in the COVID-19 diagnosis. However, the limitation of high prices and lengthy procedures impede their use for mass testing. Keeping the constant rise of infection in mind search for an alternative test that should be cost-effective, simple, and suitable for large scale testing and surveillance is a need of an hour. One such alternative could be the immunological tests. Therefore, in the last few months deluge of immunological rapid tests has been developed and validated across the globe. The objective of the present review is to share the diagnostic performance of various immunological assays reported so far in SARS-CoV-2 case detection. The article consolidated the studies (published and preprints) related to the serological tests such as chemiluminescence, enzyme-linked and lateral flow-based point-of-care tests in COVID-19 diagnosis and updated the current scenario. This review will hopefully be an add-on in COVID-19 research and will contribute to congregate the evidence for decision-making.
RORγ Structural Plasticity and Druggability
Authors: Huang Mian , Bolin Shelby , Miller Hannah , Ng Ho Leung
Published: June 2020

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) is a transcription factor regulating the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 in human T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Activating RORγ can induce multiple IL-17-mediated autoimmune diseases but may also be useful for anticancer therapy. Its deep immunological functions make RORɣ an attractive drug target. Over 70 crystal structures have been published describing atomic interactions between RORɣ and agonists and inverse agonists. In this review, we focus on the role of dynamic properties and plasticity of the RORɣ orthosteric and allosteric binding sites by examining structural information from crystal structures and simulated models. We discuss the possible influences of allosteric ligands on the orthosteric binding site. We find that high structural plasticity favors the druggability of RORɣ, especially for allosteric ligands.
Optimal Parking Occupancy with and without Differentiated Parking: A Macroscopic Analysis
Authors: Jakob Manuel , Menendez Monica
Published: June 2020

A very high parking occupancy can negatively influence the traffic performance of an area by causing very long cruising times. A very low parking occupancy, on the other hand, is inefficient from a space utilization perspective. Thus, this paper proposes a framework to compute the optimal parking occupancy rate over a given time horizon based on a macroscopic traffic and parking model. This rate is set high enough to ensure an efficient usage of the parking infrastructure. However, it should also guarantee a high likelihood of finding parking in order to eliminate the drivers’ time wasted in cruising for parking and the added congestion it causes. The model outputs are based on small data collection efforts and low computational costs, and they can be generated without complex simulation software using a simple numerical solver. Multiple vehicle types are included into our methodology allowing us to generate insights about the optimal parking occupancy with or without differentiated parking (i.e., parking for specific vehicles, such as fuel and electric vehicles). In times of a modal shift towards electric vehicles, cities can use our model to evaluate how much parking supply (with battery charging opportunities) they would like to dedicate to electric vehicles in order to achieve optimal traffic and parking results, and whether a differentiated or semi-differentiated parking policy is desirable. We illustrate our framework in a case study of a central area within the city of Zurich, Switzerland, showing the traffic and parking impacts (e.g., average searching time for parking, total revenue created by parking fees, optimal parking occupancy rate) for different proportions of fuel and electric vehicles in the parking demand and/or supply. Our results confirm that optimal occupancy rates are between and for most realistic scenarios. We then discuss how these rates might change depending on various demand and supply relationships, and according to different parking policies. We show that equal proportions between electric vehicles in the demand and their parking spaces in the supply lead to the best traffic performance in the area. We also provide the tools for cities to analyze their loss in performance if they do not react, e.g., to an increasing demand for electric vehicles over time. Moreover, we illustrate how some of these risks can be mitigated by having more flexible parking policies, e.g., allowing electric vehicles to use parking spaces for fuel vehicles.
Electrical method for intelligent cooling liquid control system
Authors: Mikhalieva Maryna , Odosii Liubomyra , Seredyuk Bohdan , Zalypka Vasyl , Parashchuk Lidiya , Lunkova Hanna
Published: June 2020

The ability to determine and control the normalized concentrations has been established using the experimentally obtained dependencies of the active and reactive constituents of conductivity in the wide frequency range of the electromagnetic field on the composition of the multicomponent fluid and the impurity concentrations.  For high-aqueous substances dissolved in water (cooling liquids), a method for controlling the qualitative and quantitative composition is developed. It is based on the comparison of the measured and experimentally established active conductivity component and the comparison of the corresponding dependencies in the frequency field of the reactive component of conductivity. The developed electric method allows quantitative and qualitative estimation of the composition of the coolant on the contents of controlled components in the short time (up to 2 seconds) in a non-laboratory environment and to ensure uninterrupted operation of the equipment.
Optical metrology applied in CCTV inspection in drain and sewer systems
Authors: Martins Luis Lages , Almeida Maria Do Céu , Ribeiro Álvaro Silva
Published: June 2020

This paper addresses the metrological quality of dimensional measurements based on images obtained from CCTV inspections in drain and sewer systems. In this type of indirect visual inspection, a significant number of absolute and relative dimensional quantities can be quantified, contributing to the characterization of the observations and, consequently, to the analysis of performance of drain and sewer systems outside buildings. Unfavorable environmental factors and conditions within the drain or sewer components affect estimation of the quantities of interest and the quality of the recorded images (lighting, lack of reference points, geometric irregularities and subjective assessments, among others). Quantification improvement of the dimensional quantities is a key objective to achieve a better assessment of components condition from these inspections. This study contributes to improve the quality of the dimensional measurements by defining experimental procedures, applicable to the optical systems used in CCTV inspection. The paper describes the European normative framework for these inspection activities and proposes approaches aiming at increasing confidence in the dimensional measurements based on the metrological characterization of the optical systems used, as well as, to establish a traceability chain. Results presented and discussed include the evaluation of measurement uncertainty.
Design and Characterization of a Stand-Alone Merging Unit
Authors: Cipolletta Giuliano , Delle Femine Antonio , Gallo Daniele , Landi Carmine , Luiso Mario
Published: June 2020

Merging Units (MUs) play a key role in enhancing the levels of security and the reliability of power systems, allowing for advanced remote diagnostics. Some of the benefits are a more efficient transmission of electricity and a better integration with renewable energy systems. In this article, an implementation of a Stand-Alone Merging Unit (SAMU), compliant with the IEC 61850-9-2 standard and based on a low-cost ARM microcontroller, is described. It acquires two signals, one voltage and one current, and it sends the samples over the ethernet connection. A high-resolution Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC), synchronised to the Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) through a Global Positioning System (GPS) disciplined oscillator, is used. The opportune insulation and conditioning stage have been designed. Several tests have been performed, varying amplitude, frequency, and phase of the input signals, in order to evaluate the metrological performance of the proposed SAMU and they are here discussed.
Factors associated with unsafe work behaviours in an Iranian petrochemical company: Perspectives of workers, supervisors, and safety managers
Authors: Harsini Azita Zahiri , Ghofranipour Fazlollah , Sanaeinasab Hormoz , Shokravi Farkhondeh Amin , Bohle Philip , Matthews Lynda R
Published: June 2020

Background: The petrochemical industry is hazardous, in part because of the inherently dangerous nature of the work conducted, and incidents frequently result in significant financial and social losses. The most common immediate cause of incidents and injuries in this industry is unsafe worker behaviour. Identifying the factors encouraging unsafe work behaviours is the first step in taking action to discourage them. The aim of this study was to (a) explore workers', supervisors' and safety managers' attitudes and perceptions of safety in a petrochemical company in Iran, and (b) identify the factors that discourage safe work behaviours. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted by applying the steps described by Graneheim and Lundman (2004). Twenty participants were recruited from an Iranian petrochemical company using a multi-stage approach, with initial purposive sampling followed by snowball sampling to enhance recruitment. Individual face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of factors acting as barriers to safe behaviour. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in Persian and then translated into English. Conventional content analysis was performed. Results: The main themes emerging from the interviews were: (i) poor direct safety management and supervision; (ii) unsafe workplace conditions; (iii) workers' perceptions, skills and training; and (iv) broader organisational factors. Conclusions: The findings give insights into practical organisational measures that can be implemented by management to promote workers’ commitment to safety and engage in safe behaviours in their workplace. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20170515033981N2. Registered 19 June 2018.
Rationale and design of individualized quality improvement based on the Computer Analysing system to improve Stroke management quality Evaluation (CASE): a multicentre historically controlled study
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhong Wansi , Gong Xiaoxian , Hu Haitao , Yan Shenqiang , Zhang Xuting , Chen Zhicai , Zhou Ying , Lou Min
Published: June 2020

Background: Guideline-based medical care has been identified to improve outcomes in stroke. However, data acquisition and medical quality management during hospital stay still need to be improved in China. We have developed a computer-based medical data collecting system, together with automated calculation of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and regular individualized education, and thus aim to explore whether it can improve the medical care quality of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during hospital stay in stroke centers.Methods: The individualized quality improvement based on the Computer Analysing system to improve Stroke management quality Evaluation (CASE) trial is a prospective, multi-center, historical control study among 30 stroke centers in China. In this trial, the data is directly extracted from the saved original medical record of each AIS patient during hospital stay, regardless of different Electronic Medical Record System (EMRS) in each center. Then the automated calculation of KPIs and the regular education via tele-conference per month allows the clinicians to examine the causes of non-compliance of guideline-based care and develop programs to decrease their frequency. Discussion: We compare KPIs between pre-intervention stage and post-intervention stage (without or with education) among stroke centers. If proved effective, this approach might be generalized around China and even worldwide, where a unified EMRS is difficult to be applied and in-patient care needs to be improved.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT03684629. Registered on 9 December 2018. Retrospectively registered.
Understanding the early cold response mechanism in IR64 indica rice variety through comparative transcriptome analysis
Authors: Dasgupta Pratiti , Das Abhishek , Datta Sambit , Banerjee Ishani , Tripathy Sucheta , Chaudhuri Shubho
Published: June 2020

Background: Cellular reprogramming in response to environmental stress involves alteration of gene expression, changes in the protein and metabolite profile for ensuring better stress management in plants. Similar to other plant species originating in tropical and sub-tropical areas, indica rice is highly sensitive to low temperature that adversely affects its growth and grain productivity. Substantial work has been done to understand cold induced changes in gene expression in rice plants. However, adequate information is not available for early gene expression, especially in indica variety. Therefore, a transcriptome profile was generated for cold shock treated seedlings of IR64 variety to identify early responsive genes. Results: The functional annotation of early DEGs shows enrichment of genes involved in altered membrane rigidity and electrolytic leakage, the onset of calcium signaling, ROS generation and activation of stress responsive transcription factors in IR64. Gene regulatory network suggests that cold shock induced Ca2+ signaling activates DREB/CBF pathway and other groups of transcription factors such as MYB, NAC and ZFP; for activating various cold-responsive genes. The analysis also indicates that cold induced signaling proteins like RLKs, RLCKs, CDPKs and MAPKK and ROS signaling proteins. Further, several late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA), dehydrins and low temperature-induced-genes were upregulated under early cold shock condition, indicating the onset of water-deficit conditions. Expression profiling in different high yielding cultivars shows high expression of cold-responsive genes in Heera and CB1 indica varieties. These varieties show low levels of cold induced ROS production, electrolytic leakage and high germination rate post-cold stress, compared to IR36 and IR64. Collectively, these results suggest that these varieties may have improved adaptability to cold stress.Conclusions: The results of this study provide insights about early responsive events in Oryza sativa L.ssp. indica cv IR64 in response to cold stress. Our data shows the onset of cold response is associated with upregulation of stress responsive TFs, hydrophilic proteins and signaling molecules, whereas, the genes coding for cellular biosynthetic enzymes, cell cycle control and growth-related TFs are downregulated. This study reports that the generation of ROS is integral to the early response to trigger the ROS mediated signaling events during later stages.
Dramatic neurological and biological effects by Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, beyond the blockade of neurotransmitter release
Authors: Wang Lei , Ringelberg Carol S. , Singh Bal R.
Published: June 2020

Background Gene expression profile analysis on mammalian cell lines and animal models after exposure to botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) have been investigated in several studies in recent years. This provides a powerful tool to identify critical signaling pathways involved in the biological and inflammatory responses to BoNT and helps to determine the mechanism of the function of botulinum toxins. One of the key clinical characteristics of BoNT is its prolonged on-site effects. The role of BoNT on the blockage of neurotransmitter acetylcholine release in the neuromuscular junction has been well established. However, the effects of the treatment time of BoNT on the human cellular model and its potential mechanism remain to be defined. This study is aimed to use the gene microarray technology to compare the two physiological critical time points of BoNT type A (BoNT/A) treatment of human neuroblastoma cells and to advance our understanding of the profound biological influences that toxin molecules play in the neuronal cellular system. Results SH-SY5Y cells were treated with BoNT/A for 4 and 48 hours which represent the time needed for the entrance of toxin into the cells and the time necessary for the initial appearance of the on-site effects after BoNT application. A comparison of the two time points identified 122 functional groups that are significantly changed. The top five groups are the alternative splicing, phosphoprotein, nucleus, cytoplasm, and acetylation. Furthermore, after 48 hours there were 744 genes significantly up-regulated and 624 genes significantly down-regulated (p‹ 0.01). These genes fell into the following neurological and biological annotation groups: Nervous system development, proteinaceous extracellular matrix, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, cellular function and signal transduction, and apoptosis. We have also noticed that the up-regulated groups contained neuronal cell development, nervous system development, and metabolic processes while the down-regulated groups contained many chromosomes and cell cycle categories. Conclusions The effects of BoNT/A on neuronal cells extend beyond blocking the neurotransmitter release, and that BoNT/A is a multifunctional molecule that can evoke profound cellular responses which warrant a more in-depth understanding of the mechanism of the toxin’s effects after administration.
Predictors of health-related quality of life in Chinese patients receiving treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: A Prospective Longitudinal study
Authors: Bian Wei , Wan Junli , Tan Mingqiong , Su Jun , Yuan Yi , wang zonghua , Li Shiying
Published: June 2020

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is currently the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in developed countries and seriously affects the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients. However, the majority of the research in this area employs cross-sectional design; longitudinal research investigating changes in HRQoL and influencing factors is limited. The aim of this study was to use a longitudinal study design to investigate descriptive trends in HRQoL and their predictive factors in Chinese AMD patients receiving treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) at baseline and follow-ups.Methods: In a sample of 142 AMD patients from the outpatient clinic of the Southwest Eye Hospital, a tertiary major hospital in the southwest of China, each patient completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing demographics, clinical features, HRQoL, depression, anxiety, coping style, social support, and self-efficacy at baseline and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up appointments.Results: The total score of HRQoL fluctuated, with the highest score at the 6-month follow-up and the lowest score at baseline. Multivariable linear regression showed the predictors of HRQoL are best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), income level, depression, and visual acuity (VA) of the treated eye at baseline; BCVA, income, and depression at the 1-month follow-up; duration, area of residence, gender, VA of the treated eye, BCVA, income, anxiety, social support, self-efficacy, and depression at the 3-month follow-up; gender, BCVA, income, anxiety, social support, self-efficacy, depression, negative coping, and positive coping at the 6-month follow-up; and BCVA, social support, self-efficacy, and depression at the 12-month follow-up.Conclusions: The HRQoL and its predictive factors in Chinese AMD patients receiving anti-VEGF treatment fluctuated over time. It is suggested that medical staff should get more information when planning precise care for improving patients’ HRQoL.
The ferroptosis and iron-metabolism signature robustly predicts clinical diagnosis, prognosis and immune microenvironment for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ji Jiansong , Tang Bufu , Zhu Jinyu , Li Jie , Fan Kai , Gao Yang , Cheng Shimiao , Kong Chunli , Zheng Liyun , Wu Fazong , Weng Qiaoyou , Lu Chenying
Published: June 2020

Background : In this study, we comprehensively analyzed genes related to ferroptosis and iron metabolism to construct diagnostic and prognostic models and explore the relationship with the immune microenvironment in HCC. Methods : Integrated analysis, cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method of 104 ferroptosis- and iron metabolism-related genes and HCC-related RNA sequencing were performed to identify HCC-related ferroptosis and iron metabolism genes. Results : four genes (ABCB6, FLVCR1, SLC48A1 and SLC7A11) were identified to construct prognostic and diagnostic models. Poorer overall survival (OS) was exhibited in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group in both the training cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 0.27) and test cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 0.27). The diagnostic models successfully distinguished HCC from normal samples and proliferative nodule samples. Compared with low-risk groups, high-risk groups had higher TMB; higher fractions of macrophages, follicular helper T cells, memory B cells, and neutrophils; and exhibited higher expression of CD83, B7H3, OX40 and CD134L. As an inducer of ferroptosis, erastin inhibited HCC cell proliferation and progression, and it was showed to affect Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17 signaling pathway through bioinformatics analysis, indicating it a potential agent of cancer immunotherapy. Conclusions: The prognostic and diagnostic models based on the four genes indicated superior diagnostic and predictive performance, indicating new possibilities for individualized treatment of HCC patients.
Importance of lipid ratios for predicting intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis
Authors: Yang Wen-Song , Li Rui , Shen Yi-Qing , Wang Xing-Chen , Liu Qing-Jun , Wang Hai-Yang , Li Qi , Yao Guo-En , Xie Peng
Published: June 2020

Background: This study aims to investigate the association of lipid ratios with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) in a Chinese population.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 658 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke. Intracranial and extracranial arteries were evaluated for atherosclerotic stenosis using digital subtraction angiography or computed tomography angiography. Lipid ratios [total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG)/HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C)/HDL-C, remnant cholesterol (RC)/HDL-C, apolipoprotein B (apo B)/apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), and apo B/HDL-C] were calculated.Results: The TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, RC/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C, apo B/HDL-C and apo B/apo A-I ratios (all P <0.05) were significantly associated with ICAS but not with extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis after adjustment for confounding factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses revealed that the apo B/apo A-I ratio had the largest area under the ROC curve (AUC) among lipid levels alone and for lipid ratios (AUC = 0.588). Lipid ratios had higher AUC values than those for lipid levels alone for the identification of ICAS.Conclusion: The TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, RC/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C apo B/HDL-C, and apo B/apo A-I ratios were significantly related to ICAS risk. Compared with the other variables tested, the apo B/apo A-I ratio appeared to be a better discriminator for identifying ICAS risk in stroke patients. Take home message: Several lipid ratios were significantly related to ICAS risk and have several differences between men and women in stroke patients.
Tuberculosis registration rates analysis and prediction based on exponential smoothing model: could tuberculosis control milestones be achieved in 2020, 2025 in Henan province, China?
Authors: Zhang Yanqiu , Li Xinxu , Li Weibin , Jiang Jianguo , Zhang Guolong , Zhuang Yan , Xu Jiying , Shi Jie , Sun Dingyong
Published: June 2020

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy meant that compared with 2015 baseline, the reduction in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) incidence should be 20% and 50% in 2020 and 2025, respectively. The case number of PTB in China accounted for 9% of the global total in 2018, which ranked the second high in the world. From 2007 to 2019, 854,672 active PTB cases were registered and treated in Henan Province, China. We need to assess whether the WHO milestones could be achieved in Henan Province.Methods: The active PTB numbers in Henan Province from 2007 to 2019, registered in Chinese Tuberculosis Information Management System (CTIMS) were analyzed to predict the active PTB registration rates in 2020 and 2025, which is conductive to early response measures to ensure the achievement of the WHO milestones. The time series model was created by monthly active PTB registration rates from 2007 to 2016, and the optimal model was verified by data from 2017 to 2019. Monthly active PTB registration rates and 95% confidence interval (CI) from 2020 to 2025 were predicted.Results: High active PTB registration rates in March, April, May and June showed the seasonal variations. The exponential smoothing winter’s multiplication model was selected as the best-fitting model. The predicted values were approximately consistent with the observed ones from 2017 to 2019. The annual active PTB registration rates were predicted as 49.1 (95% CI: 36.2-62.0) and 34.4 (95% CI: 18.6-50.2) per 100,000 population in 2020 and 2025, respectively. Compared with the active PTB registration rate in 2015, the reduction will reach 23.7% (95% CI: 3.2%-44.1%) and 46.8% (95% CI: 21.4%-72.1%) in 2020 and 2025, respectively.Conclusions: The high active PTB registration rates in spring and early summer indicate that high risk of tuberculosis infection in late autumn and winter in Henan Province. Without regard to the confidence interval, the first milestone of WHO End TB Strategy in 2020 will be achieved. However, the second milestone in 2025 will not be easily achieved unless there are early response measures in Henan Province, China.
Intra-tumoral genomic heterogeneity in rectal cancer: mutational status is dependent on preoperative biopsy depth and location.
Authors: Vuijk Floris A. , de Water Carlijn van , Vliet Shannon van Lent - van , Valk Maxime J.M. van der , de Velde Cornelis J.H. van , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Hilling Denise E.
Published: June 2020

Background

Neoadjuvant therapy is indicated for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, even though a significant number of patients show minimal or no response. Adequate response prediction before the start of neoadjuvant treatment might reduce unnecessary waiting periods and therapy related toxicity in non-responders. Genomic mutational status might provide a means to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy. However, it is unclear whether predictions based on genomic mutational status in single preoperative biopsies are reliable due to intra-tumoral heterogeneity.
In this study we aim to investigate the reliability of genomic mutations found in single pre-operative biopsies by comparing these genomic mutations to 4 other locations within the same tumor using next generation sequencing.

Methods

Rectal cancer patients undergoing primary resection, without neoadjuvant therapy, were included. Of all patients, one biopsy, two deep and two superficial samples were obtained and sequenced using a targeted next generation sequencing gene panel. Concordance between these 5 samples was assessed.

Results

 In this feasibility study we included 11 patients. In 7 out of 11 (64%) patients, all 5 samples showed concordant mutations. In 4 out of 11 patients (36%) disconcordant mutations were observed.

Conclusions

Evaluation of genomic mutational status on a single pre-operative biopsy shows disconcordance in a substantial amount of patients.
Disease burden and prognostic factors for clinical failure in elderly community acquired pneumonia patients
Authors: Han Xiudi , Liu Xuedong , Chen Liang , Wang Yimin , Li Hui , Zhou Fei , Xing Xiqian , Zhang Chunxiao , Suo Lijun , Wang Jinxiang , Yu Guohua , Wang Guangqiang , Yao Xuexin , Yu Hongxia , Wang Lei , Liu Meng , Xue Chunxue , Liu Bo , Zhu Xiaoli , Li Yanli , Xiao Ying , Li Lijuan , Cui Xiaojing , Cao Bin
Published: June 2020

Background: The study was to evaluate initial antimicrobial regimen and clinical outcomes and to explore risk factors for clinical failure (CF) in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods: 3,011 hospitalized elderly patients were enrolled from 13 national teaching hospitals between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014 initiated by the CAP-China network. Risk factors for CF were screened by multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results: The incidence of CF in elderly CAP patients was 13.1%. CF patients were older, longer hospital stays and higher treatment costs than clinical success (CS) patients. The CF patients were more prone to present hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, hypoproteinemia, pleural effusion, respiratory failure and cardiovascular events. Inappropriate initial antimicrobial regimens in CF group were significantly higher than CS group. Undertreatment, CURB-65, PH<7.3, PaO2/FiO2 < 200 mmHg, sodium <130 mmol/L, healthcare-associated pneumonia, white blood cells >10000/mm3, pleural effusion and congestive heart failure were independent risk factors for CF in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Male and bronchiectasis were protective factors.Conclusions: Discordant therapy was a cause of CF. Early accurate detection and management of prevention to potential causes is likely to improve clinical outcomes in elderly patients CAP.Trial registration: A Retrospective Study on Hospitalized Patients With Community-acquired Pneumonia in China (CAP-China) (RSCAP-China), NCT02489578. Registered 16 March 2015, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0005E5S&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0000GWC&ts=2&cx=1bnotb
Extreme Risk Protection Orders in King County, Washington: The Epidemiology of Dangerous Behaviors and an Intervention Response
Authors: Frattaroli Shannon , Omaki Elise , Molocznik Amy , Allchin Adelyn , Hopkins Renee , Shanahan Sandra , Levinson Anne
Published: June 2020

Background. Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) laws are a promising gun violence prevention strategy. ERPO laws allow specific categories of people (law enforcement in all states, family in most) to petition a court to request that an individual be temporarily prohibited from purchasing and possessing firearms because that individual is behaving dangerously and at risk of violence, either to themselves or others. In 2017, Washington State’s ERPO law took effect. King County developed a comprehensive approach to implementing the ERPO law. The early experience of King County offers important insight into how early adopters of these laws are incorporating EPROs into their approach to gun violence prevention.Methods. We systematically reviewed, abstracted, and coded data from every ERPO petition filed in King County in 2017 and 2018, and all ERPO court records associated with those petitions. We conducted descriptive analyses of the coded data.Results: Seventy-five ERPO petitions were filed in King County during the study period. Judges granted a temporary ERPO in all 75 cases; 65 (87%) of these cases resulted in a one-year ERPO. Law enforcement initiated 73 (97%) of these petitions, and family members filed the remaining two. The 75 petitions filed described respondents’ risk as to “themselves only” in 30 cases (40%), to “others only” in 20 cases (27%) and “to themselves and others” in 25 cases (33%). Five cases where the threat was to “others only” met a definition of mass shooting threat. For 95% of the temporary ERPOs issued, the courts’ reasoning for issuing ERPOs included either current violence or brandishing a firearm. Court records for the 75 cases detail firearms removed and/or include receipts for removed firearms in 61 cases (81%) either as part of ERPO precipitating events (n=13, 17%) or in conjunction with ERPO service (n=48, 64%).Conclusions. These findings suggest that Washington’s ERPO law is being applied when someone is threatening violence to self or others, or brandishing a gun and at least one other risk factor is present. The early experience of King County provides insight into how this law is being implemented in one jurisdiction and how courts are evaluating such cases.
Factors Associated with Protection of Last Live Birth against Neonatal Tetanus among Mother Age 15-49 in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis Using EDHS 2016
Authors: Kalayu Gebrezgiher , Fisseha Girmatsion , Shamie Reda , Berhe Awtachew , Embaye Kebede
Published: June 2020

BackgroundEthiopia has the highest neonatal tetanus mortality and morbidity rates in the world due to low TT immunization coverage coupled with the high amount of deliveries taking place at home. This study aimed to identify individual and community-level factors associated with protections of last live birth against neonatal tetanus among mothers age 15–49 in Ethiopia.MethodsThe P-value of less than 0.05 in the final model was considered as statistically significant. The interclass correlation coefficient and proportional change in variance were used to quantify the magnitude of the general contextual effect. The relative goodness-of-fit test was conducted using Akaike's information criterion.ResultHome delivery (AOR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96), at least one ANC visits (AOR = 12.35; 95% CI: 10.42, 14.62) and wealth index (poorer (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.54) and richer (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.93). were the individual factors that had an association with the utilization of protection of last live birth against neonatal tetanus.ConclusionsUtilization of protection of last live birth against neonatal tetanus is affected both by the individual and community level factors with high state variation.
Evaluation of Resulting Disability from Back Pain After Childbirth: A Comparison Between Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Section.
Authors: khansari mahda , shakeri hassan , Arab Amir Masoud
Published: June 2020

Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of postpartum LBP and resulting functional disability in a follow-up program (48 hours later and 3manths after delivery) between 2 methods of delivery.Background:Pregnancy-related low back pain(PLBP) and pelvic girdle pain(PGP) are considered common complications of pregnancy. The long term consequences for women with persistent LBP postpartum are under-investigated. [1-2] the main objective was comparing chronicity ratio and functional disability questionnaires score (Oswestry(OSW), Roland-Morris(RM) and TSK), in after birth and 3manths later stages, between 2 methods of delivery.Method:This is a follow-up study of the cohort including a sample of women who delivered from September 2016 to March 2017 in Sarem women hospital and west Tehran public healthcare centers. A total of 406 new moms received a questionnaire on LBP persistence and in case of a positive answer, the functional disability questionnaires were handed over and also were fallow up by a second questionnaire at approximately 3 months later.RESULTS:The final study sample consists of 406 women that N=208(51.5%) were in the Cs group and N=198(49.2%) were in the NVD group.In first stage N=164(40.4%) of total participants reported pain( Cs=81,NVD=83) while this figures decreased to N=150(36.9%) in second stage ( CS=74,NVD=76).The functional disability questionnaire average score in the first phase for the CS group was: OSW=14.45, RM=5.67 And TSK=10.76 and for NVD group was: OSW=20.37, RM=7.67 and TSK=11.73.In the second stage (3months after delivery) average scores for the CS group were: OSW=20.47, RM=6.48 and TSK=9.71 and for NVD group was OSW=21.56, RM= 6.46 and TSK=11.26.CONCLUSION:In this study, no relation between delivery type and LBP prevalence was found. OSW and RM average scores had significant difference in first stage, in a way that these scores were higher in NVD ( OSW p-value=0.02,RM p-value=0.03) but in second phase no significant difference was found,( OSW p-value=0.71,RM p-value=0.97). TSK scores didn’t show any significant difference in any stage ( first stage p-value=0.63 and second stage p-value=0.61).