bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal regulation of payment of membership fees in public associations.
Authors: Kuzyk V. V.
Published: February 2023

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the legal regime and features of payment of membership fees in non-entrepreneurial societies. The specifics of the legal regulation of the payment of membership fees, concepts and types of membership fees according to the legislation of Ukraine have been analyzed. The author of the scientific work also analyzed the doctrinal approaches developed in this field of scientific research.

The article analyzes the provisions on the payment of membership fees, as well as the agreement on the payment of membership fees. The specifics of paying membership fees based on the contract were determined, and the legal consequences of non-payment were analyzed.

The author of the article proves that the payment of membership fees is mandatory, in connection with which non-fulfillment of the corresponding obligation entails such legal consequences as the exclusion of a member from the membership of a non-entrepreneurial society. A person who joins a non-entrepreneurial society voluntarily assumes the obligations stipulated by the statute or regulations, including the payment of membership fees, in return receives certain benefits depending on the type of statutory activity of the public association. Membership fees are used by a non-entrepreneurial society to implement the purpose and objectives of the activity, for which the relevant persons joined such a society.

Current civil legislation in the field of non-entrepreneurial legal entities uses a dispositive approach to the procedure for paying membership fees, in connection with which their payment can be determined in the charters of public associations and on the basis of an agreement on the payment of membership fees. The legal nature of the agreement on the payment of membership fees is manifested in the fact that it is a bilateral accession agreement.

Particular attention will be paid to the peculiarities of paying membership fees depending on the type of non-entrepreneurial society.

The main types of membership fees are introductory, periodic, targeted and charitable. Membership fees can be money, securities, creative ideas. In case of non-payment of membership fees, such a method of liability as exclusion from the public association may be used.

The possibility of local regulatory determination of the size and terms of payment of membership fees allows to establish an individual procedure for payment of membership fees, various benefits, and to exempt certain categories of persons from their payment.

For the purpose of legal consistency in the terminology, it is advisable to use the concept of "membership contributions" as generic, and in the special sense to use the term "regular contributions";

As a general rule, payment of membership fees is voluntary, however, in some cases, membership fees may be collected in a compulsory manner. The article supports the approach to the compulsory collection of membership fees as a requirement to fulfill an obligation.
Institute of the inadmissibility of abuse of procedural rights in civil proceedings through the prism of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights.
Authors: Tymoshenko O.A.
Published: February 2023

The scientific work is devoted to analysis of national law doctrine and legal support of countermeasures against the abuse of procedural rights through the prism of the ECtHR's practice.

The relevance of the scientific work is determined by many factors: 1) European integration processes in Ukraine, which exacerbate the problem of ensuring effective justice without unnecessary delays; 2) the obligation of Ukraine under the European Convention on Human Rights; 3) a large number of Ukrainian citizens' applications to the ECtHR against Ukraine regarding its violation of the right to a fair trial; 4) cases of abuse of one's procedural rights in forms not provided for in civil procedural legislation and court practice; 5) the need to use the practice of the ECtHR in civil proceedings as an official source of law etc.

The author drew attention to the need to conduct a study of the problem of  inadmissibility of the abuse of procedural rights, based on the analysis of the relevant practice of the ECtHR in this aspect.

The author researched doctrinal approaches to understanding the concept of abuse of procedural rights, identified the most meaningful and apt definition among them, and proposed own definition of this concept.

The author analyzed the forms of abuse of procedural rights, provided for in Article 44 of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, at the same time giving the precedents of the ECtHR, in which the issue of the existence of a certain form was considered.

The author drew attention to the lack of ECHR's practice about the problem of manipulation with the court's  automated distribution system and the conclusion of a settlement agreement to the detriment of others. At the same time the author listed the ECHR's precedents regarding the ways of abusing procedural rights that are not provided for in Article 44 of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine. There were determined the key problems of the functioning of the institute for combating the abuse of procedural rights in civil proceedings and the ways to solve them, found through the prism of the ECHR's practice.
Household members: problems of legal status
Authors: Mokrytska N.P.
Published: February 2023

The article carries out a comprehensive study of the legal status of household members as a subject in labor relations regarding the use of domestic work in accordance with the ILO Convention on Decent Work for Domestic Workers, the state of its implementation in Ukraine, proposals for improving national legislation in order to effectively implement the rights of domestic workers .

The topicality of the topic is due to the fact that Ukraine has come close to completing the ratification process of the ILO Convention on Decent Work for Domestic Workers. Currently, a corresponding draft law has been developed, which aims to supplement the Code of Labor Laws of Ukraine with provisions aimed at regulating the relations of domestic workers under an employment contract with an individual. Therefore, domestic workers will be included in the scope of labor law, and members of the household will acquire the powers of the employer within the scope of the employment contract. At the same time, one of the members of the household will become a party to the employment contract - the employer.

An attempt was made to define the concepts and characteristics of household members based on the analysis of the ILO Convention on Decent Work for Domestic Workers, the current legislation of Ukraine and the results of the legislative work. In particular, in Ukraine it is proposed to use domestic work on the basis of an employment contract only for individuals who are primarily united by such important features as living together in the same residential premises (residential building) or part of it, running a joint household, fully or partially combining their funds and their expenses. It has been proven the need to refer to household members as well as persons who, although they do not fall under the characteristics of household members, but are family members within the meaning of Art. 3 of the Family Code of Ukraine.

It is argued that the Convention uses the term "household" to refer to the employer, which in translation from English means both a group of people who live together and applies to a house, an apartment and the people who live there. It is reasonable to believe that the Convention does not prohibit the use of domestic work by legal entities, but allows the establishment of restrictions by national legislation.
International experience of legal regulation of minors and the possibility of its implementation in the labor legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Kyselova O.I. , Shlapko T.V. , Zinchenko H.S.
Published: February 2023

The article considers the international experience of legal regulation of the labor of minors and identifies promising areas for improving the current labor legislation of Ukraine in the field of the work of minors. In particular, the authors studied the labor legislation of the Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovak, and Estonian Republics, Great Britain, and the provinces of Canada (Alberta and Manitoba).

As you know, the regulation of the labor of minors has certain features both in Ukraine and other countries, given their physiological characteristics and lack of experience. The minimum age for employment, hazardous and prohibited types of work, working hours, wages, days off and vacations, types of work permits for minors (light types of work), and liability for violation of the requirements of labor legislation on the adoption to work and the peculiarities of ensuring the labor activity of minors.

Based on the study, it was revealed that the current labor legislation of Ukraine requires the improvement of the regulation of the labor of minors in the context of social changes. Thus, the types of activities where it is allowed to use the labor of minors are not regulated; there is no definition of the term “easy work for minors,” and the possibility of labor of persons under 14 years of age is not regulated, and the legal liability of employers for violating the requirements for hiring and the specifics of the work of minors is imperfectly defined. In general, the current Labor Code of Ukraine includes provisions for the regulation of the labor of minors, consistent with the standards adopted in other countries. Also, the authors have developed directions for improving the current labor legislation of Ukraine on the labor of minors, which in the future should protect minors from ignoring employers of the fixed requirements for hiring and the characteristics of the work of such a category of persons and protect them from further violations of labor legislation, as well as help to realize the right for the work of persons under 14 years of age who seek to earn independently in certain areas of activity.
Guarantees of exercise of labor and social rights of employees of prosecutor's offices as an integral part of their legal status
Authors: Kyselova O.I. , Shlapko T.V. , Khlus M.G.
Published: February 2023

The article considers the mechanisms of realization of labor and social rights of prosecutors. The authors investigated that prosecutors are subject to both general labor legislation (norms of the Labor Code of Ukraine) and special ones established by the Law of Ukraine "On the Prosecutor's Office", which emphasizes the special legal status of these employees.

Acquisition of legal status by prosecutors as subjects of labor law allows them to exercise their constitutional rights and responsibilities. These elements of the legal status of prosecutors should be considered in close connection with the employment relationship and social rights in which these prosecutors are involved. The authors found that an integral part of the legal status of prosecutors are guarantees of labor and social rights - legal norms that establish ways and means of ensuring the rights and freedoms of prosecutors, their protection and restoration during office and retirement.

The study found that an important role in improving the legislation of Ukraine in the field of labor relations with prosecutors and their social rights are played by familiarity with international regulations (Conclusion of the Advisory Council of European Prosecutors № 9 (2014 (Rome Charter), Conclusion № 13 (2018) of the Advisory Council of European Prosecutors) which regulate labor and social guarantees for prosecutors. Problematic issues and gaps in the provisions of Ukrainian legislation in the field of labor and social security relations with prosecutors were investigated. The authors also developed ways to eliminate them by preserving existing and creating new norms that meet national characteristics. The importance of this study is that this system of government has a significant impact on the implementation of responsibilities for the protection of human rights and freedoms, the common interests of society and the state.
A new stage of humanization of the criminal-legal impact regarding the application of punishment in the type of life imprisonment: the problem of correspondence.
Authors: Parasiuk N.
Published: February 2023

The scientific article explores a new stage of humanization of the criminal-legal influence on the application of punishment in the form of life imprisonment. It has been established that a number of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights served as a prerequisite for this process, which generally stated the absence of a mechanism for early release of convicts from serving a sentence of life imprisonment in Ukraine, which would allow the educational purpose of this punishment to be realized. Attention is focused on the fact that the European Court of Human Rights does not oblige the state to provide specific forms of early release from serving a sentence of life imprisonment. At the same time, it is emphasized that this process should be legally defined, transparent and provide the person sentenced to life imprisonment with the "right to hope". An inconsistency was established in the text of the motivational and operative parts of the decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine dated September 16, 2021 No. 6-р (II)/2021 (case on review of the sentence of a person sentenced to life imprisonment) in the part of determining the types of early release from serving a sentence in life imprisonment. In the decisive part of the decision, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine obliged the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to introduce two independent, independent measures of a criminal law nature - the replacement of the punishment in the form of life imprisonment with a milder punishment and conditional early release from serving the punishment in the form of life imprisonment will. The article focuses attention on the need to observe the reasonableness and justice of criminal law influence in the process of humanizing life imprisonment. It is argued that excessive humanization of life imprisonment may lead to a decrease in the protective function of criminal legislation and the ability to prevent new criminal offenses. It was concluded that in the conditions of martial law there is an increase in the number of crimes punishable by life imprisonment. The position is expressed that it should be recognized as socially determined to introduce the replacement of punishment in the form of life imprisonment with a milder one and subsequent conditional early release from serving the prescribed sentence, if the convicted person corrects himself and shows his readiness for further resocialization.
Formation of principles of justice and good faith in Roman private law
Authors: Halkevich S. V.
Published: February 2023

In addition to the traditional methods of analogy of law and analogy of lex, the application of the recommended clarifications of higher specialized courts, the role of the principles of justice, good faith and reasonableness, which by their properties can serve as a fundamental, universal and optimal basis for modeling a decision based on specific civil case.

Roman law is the formation source of the Romano-Germanic type`s legal system, including the basis for the creation of tort liability. Tort obligations to compensate victims of property losses caused by a committed offense (delict), the very first type of obligations since their origin, were introduced by Roman lawyers.

The purpose of the study was to carry out a retrospective analysis of the genesis and development of the principles of justice and good faith in Roman private law.

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the essence of tort liability in Roman law, taking into account the periodization of its development: the archaic period, the republican period, the imperial period. It was established that the formation and application of evaluative principles: justice and good faith in law enforcement activities, — have firstly appeared in Roman law. It was noted that the principle of justice (aequitas) was most often applied when it was necessary to resolve the contradiction between the established application of the law and a specific non-standard case, through a reasonable reconciliation of justified opposing interests in the spirit of this legal institution and an innate sense of justice (aequitas naturalis).

There is no integral consolidation of the concept of good faith in sources of Roman law. The existence of such an evaluation principle is confirmed only in law enforcement practice, most often when solving casual cases. It was established that the principle of reasonableness in the meaningful manifestation in which it exists today was not finally formed in Roman law. This principle was formed in the subsequent reception of Roman private law.
The influence of Bentham's work "The reasonability of forensic evidence" on the formation of the modern process of proof
Authors: Huralenko N.
Published: February 2023

In the field of law, evidence does not always need to reveal objective truth or relate to any reality. On the other hand, no matter what the system of evidence is, it must be established in accordance with predetermined conditions, and only by observing those conditions does the evidence derive its force. With the transition from this system of regulated evidence to a system of freedom of evidence, truth no longer excludes evidence. On the contrary, proof becomes a way of establishing the truth. The judge, who has become the central actor in the evaluation of the evidence, must rely solely on his discretion. The work Bentham published towards the end of his life, in 1827, The Reasoning of Legal Evidence, which the author wrote on the question of proof in law, having specific properties not equivalent to those found in mathematics or physics; sciences that allow Bentham to find terms of comparison to explain the functioning of language in jurisprudence. Acquaintance with evidence involves drawing conclusions, that is, drawing conclusions from one or more available evidence. Inferences are central to the reasoning people make with evidence, whether in a judicial setting - which will occupy our reflections in this text - or in any other evidentiary context. By virtue of their statutory powers, judges have to decide whether there is sufficient evidence in favor of this or that fact and consider it proven. In addition, they impose the conclusion of their evidentiary considerations: just as judges establish, according to Kelsen, the authentic interpretation of norms for a specific case, they impose their decision on the existence of a proven fact. But in no way does this mean that judges engage in mental operations of a different nature than those carried out by the parties, their lawyers or any other person – including researchers – having access to the proceedings. In a court hearing, several pieces of evidence can contribute to proving the same proposition of fact. Such a situation, which is very common, adds to the complexity of the analysis of inferences in evidentiary considerations. The latter are then evaluated not only with reference to individual evidence, but also in relation to other evidence.
Evolution of the idea of participative democracy
Authors: Nikitenko L.
Published: February 2023

The article examines the transformation of the content of the idea of participatory democracy with reference to historical retrospection.

To carry out a full-fledged analysis of the evolution of the idea of participatory democracy, the way of development of the concept of democracy in general is considered. It has been established that the phenomenon of "democracy" originates from the times of antiquity and the works of Aristotle (384-322 BC), and the philosophers of the Renaissance (M. Machiavelli, J. Locke, S. Montesquieu, J.-J. Rousseau, A. Tocqueville, etc.). The process of implementing the ideas of democracy in practice started at the end of the 17th century in England and France, went through four stages, the last of which began in the 21st century and continues to this day.

It was found that the history of participatory democracy tentatively dates back to the 5th century to n. (the city of Athens, Ancient Greece), and after the Second World War, the gradual expansion of electoral rights and the processes of emancipation paved the way for its large-scale development. In the 80s of the XX century in Western Europe and the USA, the idea of participatory democracy gained momentum. B. Barber, K. McPherson, J. Mansbridge, C. Pateman, J. Zimmerman and S. Shalom made the greatest contribution to its spread. The result of a long path of transformation of the content of democracy, which for several centuries was perceived as a means of including the poor in the space of politics, was the understanding of participatory democracy as an indispensable process of requiring the rotation of leaders, the breakdown of social hierarchies, and a change in the perception of the essence of freedom. The evolution of the idea of participatory democracy, first of all, is connected with the declaration of the priority of human freedoms over the interests of the state.

Today, the theory of participatory democracy occupies a leading place in the rating of democratic theories and is actively used in practice in many countries of the world. The defining idea of participatory democracy lies in the potential of ordinary citizens to exercise self-management, but it has not yet been fully implemented in life. So, we have the following movement vectors to ensure universal and effective involvement of the vast majority of citizens in the decision-making process: increasing the level of awareness and education, leveling economic inequality, providing real tools for influencing the political process (especially with the help of information and communication and blockchain technologies). At the same time, it is worth taking into account the autonomy of the individual, the freedom of individuality and the issue of voluntary participation or non-participation of each individual citizen.
Youth as an active subject of the realization of political rights: the issue of renewal
Authors: Filiptchuk K.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of issues of renewed understanding of youth participation as an active subject of the realization of political rights.

The discussion regarding the understanding of the identity and difference of political and public rights is primarily highlighted.

It is noted that the globalized society changes legal ideology, social existence and transforms approaches to human rights, expanding their interpretation and representing new means and ways of achieving the desired legal ideal.

It is proved that the youth is an asset of the country, a large number of young people can stimulate the dynamism necessary to change the social condition of the group. It is the younger generation that is prone to the newest representations in their social and legal life. It is the duty of a democratic state to provide them with the best opportunities for political participation and realization of a legitimate interest.

Political stability and the strengthening of democratic standards are the prime interests of the nation, and the role of youth participation in this process is crucial. Young people get additional opportunities in the information field, they are the first to respond to the latest trends in technical progress and have opportunities to use these tools in the political and legal field. Social media as a means of expanding political opportunities are actively used by young people as an exerciser of their political rights.

It motivates the activation of scientific research and public movements of various directions, which either determine the need to renew political rights through the abolition of the minimum voting age, or indicate the low political activity and radicalism of the younger generation, their unpreparedness for public life. The author of the article denies such categorical approaches and advocates a reasonable limitation of the age limit for voting. In the praxeological aspect, it is pointed out the need to expand the right to vote by establishing a lower limit than the age of majority.

It is also indicated that not only the decrease in age, but also the intensification of youth participation is an indicator of the expansion of political rights. Here, the main criterion is the reality of such involvement and its effectiveness for the legal life of society.
Fair trial and due process: European and American doctrine
Authors: Burdeyniy Yu.
Published: February 2023

The relationship between due process and the "right to a fair trial" in the sense of the European Convention on Human Rights or other international documents is not equivalent. The principle of due process, combined with the right of access to justice, an adversarial and broad protection, closes the cycle of procedural guarantees. In this way, the process is guaranteed, with the appropriate instrumental forms, so that judicial security, when it is carried out by the state, gives to each what is his. Due process of a substantive lawsuit concerns the limitation of the exercise of powers and authorizes a judge to question the validity of a given law and the fairness of state decisions, establishing material control over constitutionality and proportionality. It should be noted that the substantive theory means a fair legal process based on the principles of justice. For this purpose, it mentions the duties of proportionality and reasonableness. This similarity between proportionality and substantive due process is, in our view, very interesting for our analysis, for several reasons: a) it helps to clarify the meaning of substantive due process, which, considered in the abstract, is vague and imprecise; b) helps to eliminate the erroneous opinion that the essential content of due legal procedure will not be applied in the countries of the Romano-Germanic system, with less freedom for the judge than for the judge of the law...; c) reinforces the idea of ​​balance, which permeates the entire judicial process. As in the classic dilemma between speed and security. Given the great concern of modern constitutionalism in ensuring fundamental rights through constitutional process, it has been demonstrated that due process is an expression of democracy and citizenship by gathering in its content the numerous guarantees of the constitutional procedural order.

This relationship is political and intellectual because due process and the right to a fair trial are elements of institutional liberalism that tend to make judicial moderation initially dependent on a certain number of procedural requirements. This relationship is normative, since both Due Process and the right to a fair trial have a scope that goes beyond the scope of the courts stricto sensu to be applied, including to court decisions.
Evaluasi Pencahayaan Alami pada Masjid Raya Baruga
Authors: Arianda Andi Rahmat , Rahma Citra Sti
Published: February 2023

Abstrak Pencahayaan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam perancangan ruang. Kebutuhan pencahayaan suatu ruangan tergantung pada jenis kegiatan yang dilakukan di ruangan tersebut. Sistem pencahayaan dalam suatu ruangan dapat dibagi menjadi dua bagian utama yaitu sistem pencahayaan alami yang bersumber dari alam dan sistem pencahayaan buatan yang dibuat oleh manusia. Standar minimal sistem pencahayaan buatan dalam suatu bangunan harus memenuhi syarat kesehatan, kenyamanan, keamanan dan memenuhi ketentuan yang berlaku untuk bangunan gedung. Tingkat pencahayaan rata-rata suatu ruangan bergantung pada luas area, fluks total semua lampu, koefisien penggunaan, serta koefisien depresiasi. Tingkat pencahayaan ratarata suatu ruangan dapat diukur menggunakan luxmeter. Proses pengukurannya meliputi penentuan luas ruangan, type ruangan, penentuan titik penerangan, serta pengambilan data pengukuran. Hasil dari pengukuran tersebut dibandingkan dengan standar SNI pencahayaan. Kata kunci : pencahayaan, pengaruh, masjid  Abstrack Lighting is one of the important factors in designing space. The lighting needs of a room depend on the type of activity carried out in the room. Lighting systems in a room can be divided into two main parts, namely natural lighting systems sourced from nature and artificial lighting systems made by humans. The minimum standard of artificial lighting systems in a building must meet health, comfort, safety requirements and meet the requirements that apply to buildings. The average lighting level of a room depends on the area, the total flux of all lights, the coefficient of use, and the depreciation coefficient. The average lighting level of a room can be measured using luxmeter. The measurement process includes determining the area of the room, type of room, determining the lighting point, and taking measurement data. The results of these measurements are compared to SNI lighting standards. Keywords: lighting, influence, mosque
Planeación de rutas de distribución óptimas con abastecimiento de combustible
Authors:   , Mendieta Robles Carlos Aurelio
Published: February 2023

El problema de ruteo de vehículos es un problema central en la distribución de bienes, en donde se tiene un conjunto de solicitudes de clientes geográficamente dispersos y se dispone de una flota de vehículos de capacidad limitada que se encuentra estacionada inicialmente en un centro de distribución. El objetivo es asignar solicitudes a vehículos y calcular sus itinerarios, para que el costo total de distribución sea mínimo y la ejecución del plan sea factible. En esta tesis presentamos un problema multiobjetivo nuevo en la literatura, en el que además de considerar el gasto y el reabastecimiento de combustible durante los recorridos, se busca minimizar tanto la distancia total recorrida por los vehículos (proporcional al combustible consumido por los mismos), como el tiempo total de recorrido (considerando la existencia de tiempos de espera variables en las distintas gasolineras) y también el costo monetario derivado de la compra del combustible (considerando la variación del precio de la gasolina en las distintas gasolineras). Formulamos este problema con un modelo de programación entera mixta para resolver un conjunto de instancias realistas mediante el solucionador lineal Gurobi. Posteriormente presentamos adaptaciones novedosas de heurísticas clásicas del problema de ruteo, con las que calculamos soluciones iniciales factibles para acelerar el proceso de resolución del modelo. El solucionador lineal también es asistido por un algoritmo de búsqueda local para intentar mejorar las soluciones obtenidas durante el proceso de optimización.
Correlation between Derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and D-Dimer in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Surohadi Natra Dias , Triwardhani Ria
Published: February 2023

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies suggest that the Derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (d-NLR) and d-dimer are markers of inflammation in various diseases and can be used to monitor prognosis and mortality. This study was conducted to find the correlation between Derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (d-NLR) and d-dimer in COVID-19 patients. This is expected to be markers of inflammation and a predictor for patients which has clinical deterioration so that the risk of death can be avoided. This study used a retrospective observational method with a cross sectional approach at Dr. Kariadi Semarang, using secondary data involving confirmed COVID-19 respondents during the period March - August 2020. The Spearman test was conducted to analyze data, significant if p <0.05. Thirty three respondents confirmed COVID 19 with median value of  d-NLR 6,14 (3,55-15,67) and median value of d-dimer 7110 (2460-21770) mg/L were tested for correlation by the Spearman correlation test with value of p= 0,046; and r= 0,350. In COVID-19, there is an increase in d-NLR and d-dimer levels which are known as markers of a systemic inflammatory response. The increase in levels is related to the severity of the COVID-19 disease. There was a highly significant positive correlation between d-NLR and d-dimer in COVID-19 patients
Reference Value Evaluation of Urine Sediment in Indonesian Adult Population Using Automated Urine Analyzer
Authors: Tomatala Eirene Jaquelene , Sumarpo Anton , Susanti Hani
Published: February 2023

Locally established clinical laboratory reference value are required to interpret laboratory test results for screening, diagnosis, prognosis, determining retest criteria or as microscopic confirmation. The objective of this study is to establish urine sediments reference value by using automated urine flow cytometry, investigating erythrocyte, leukocyte, epithelial cells, types of epithelial cells, bacteria, casts, pathologic casts, crystals, yeast, sperm, and mucus in Indonesian population using Sysmex UF-4000. A cross sectional study was conducted in October 2018 – April 2019 at R. Said Sukanto National Police Hospital in Jakarta. The study involved 240 participants comprised of clinically healthy 120 males and 120 females aged 18-65, with normal urine chemistry, hematology, blood glucose, liver function (AST, ALT), and renal function (urea, creatinine). The reference value was reported in microliter (Î¼L) or in High Performance Field (HPF) or Low Performance Field (LPF). Mann-Whitney test through MedCalc software was used to test significant differences with p value <0.05. This study observed significant differences between males and females in erythrocyte, epithelial cells, epithelial cell variety, bacteria, pathologic casts, and yeast”which are evidently higher in female patients. However, the mucus in LPF levels is found to be higher in male patients instead of the female, disparate than current reference value. Therefore, the reference value results were separated between the two groups in those aspects, whereas the results of other urine sediment characteristics studied were combined. As most reference value obtained are still within range of existing references, reference value established with Sysmex UF-4000 can be useful.
The Validity of Cross Priming Amplification to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors: Budiailmiawan Luhung , Ristandi Ryan Bayusantika , Fibriani Azzania
Published: February 2023

The standard molecular technique to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus is The Real-Time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). It requires sophisticated equipment and a time-consuming sample process. The Cross Priming Amplification (CPA) is a nucleic acid amplification technique that amplifies DNA with high specificity and efficiency under constant thermal conditions. This technique is faster than rRT-PCR and doesn't require a biosafety level-2 (BSL-2) facility. The study aimed to determine the validity of CPA with rRT-PCR as a gold standard and to evaluate its performance as molecular rapid tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. This study was a descriptive diagnostic test by using data retrospectively from swab nasopharyngeal patient samples who were treated at Palabuhan Ratu Hospital with COVID-19 from 01 January to 31 December 2021. The CPA was performed on a total of 52 nasopharyngeal samples at Pelabuhan Ratu Laboratory and rRT-PCR at Provincial Health Laboratory. The validity and correlation tests were performed. The majority of subjects were female between the ages of 34-50 years. The cut-off Tt-value is 3.25, 0.84 Area Under Curve (AUC), with a p-value <0.001. The CPA has good validity for COVID-19 diagnosis with 77% sensitivity, 94% specificity, 96% PPV, and 71% NPV. The sensitivity was increasing with Ct-value <30 (82%) and Ct-value <25 (87%). The CPA had a good validity for the COVID-19 diagnostic test. The CPA could be used as a rapid molecular test for detecting SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA from nasopharyngeal swab specimens.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels as A Marker of COVID-19 Severity
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Kartini Ani , Kadir Nursin Abd , Abdullah Agus Alim
Published: February 2023

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Knowing the severity of COVID-19 is important during a pandemic. Measurement of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels is a simple, quick, and widely available laboratory test in most health facilities. Lactate dehydrogenase levels change significantly in patients with tissue damage including COVID-19 disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the LDH levels as a marker of the severity of COVID-19. The research method used was a cross-sectional approach using primary data from 70 suspected COVID-19 patients from June to July 2021 at Labuang Baji Hospital, Hasanuddin University Hospital, and Makassar City Hospital. Samples were grouped into mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. The LDH levels at the time of hospital admission were measured using an Architect device. Chi-Square, Kruskal-Wallis, and ROC curve statistical tests were used to obtain the LDH value with a significant value of p<0.05. The sample consisted of 24 mild COVID-19, 23 moderate COVID-19, and 23 severe COVID-19. The LDH levels in mild COVID-19 were 101.00 U/L (74.00-156.00 U/L) significantly different from moderate COVID-19 was 143.00 U/L (126.00-253.00 U/L) and COVID-19 were 291.00 U/L (177.00-655.00 U/L) (p<0.001) and had a very strong positive correlation (r=0.914). The ROC curve showed that LDH had a sensitivity of 91.3%, specificity of 94.7% with the cut-off >250.5 U/L, NPV of 96.4%, PPV of 87.5%, and accuracy of 91.3%. LDH levels increase along with the increasing severity of COVID-19 caused by tissue damage due to increased inflammatory response. LDH can be used as a marker of COVID-19 severity.
Correlation between Mean Platelet Volume and Procalcitonin in Sepsis Patients
Authors: Djamin Rama Dhanivita , Rofinda Zelly Dia , Desywar Desywar
Published: February 2023

Sepsis is a clinical condition of potentially life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's response to infection. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of sepsis lead to worsening of the disease, which can lead to circulatory collapse, multiple organ failure, and death, therefore accurate and timely diagnosis can prevent death. Procalcitonin (PCT) is the most widely used, studied, and promising marker for the diagnosis of sepsis. Recent studies have shown that procalcitonin plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of sepsis because it can differentiate sepsis from SIRS. Most studies found an increase in the Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in septic patients, both neonates, and adults. The MPV value can be used as a parameter to assess the prognosis of septic patients. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 21 septic patients at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang from January 2020 to April 2021. Mean platelet volume values were determined using an automatic hematology analyzer based on the formula made by the device. Procalcitonin levels were measured using the enzym-linked immunofluorescent assay method. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and p < 0.05 was significant. The mean age of the research subjects was 54 years and the range was 22-77 years. The number of male and female research subjects in this study was almost the same, consisting of 10 male (48%) and 11 female (52%) patients. The average MPV was 10.59(0.56) fL and the median procalcitonin was 9.35(2.08-200) ng/mL. Pearson correlation test showed that MPV was positively correlated with procalcitonin with moderate correlation (r=0.435, p=0.049). There was a moderate positive correlation between MPV and procalcitonin in septic patients.
Correlation between NLR and PLR with the Severity of COVID-19 Inpatients
Authors: Andiani Fitriana , Herawati Rita , Triyani Yani
Published: February 2023

When the COVID-19 outbreak is ongoing, the classification of COVID-19 patients based on the severity assessment is necessary to optimize the allocation of existing resources and early management interventions to improve prognosis. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) are two of the most common, simple, inexpensive, rapid, and widely available tests in all health facilities, which indirectly indicate the inflammatory status of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between NLR and PLR with the severity of COVID-19 inpatients. This cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively using medical record data of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Al Islam Hospital, Bandung, from January to March 2021. COVID-19 patients involved in this study were classified into moderate, severe, and critical degrees. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman with a significant value of p < 0.05. The median NLR and PLR results based on the severity were 3.49; 6.27; 8.4 (p<0.001) and 159.2; 202.6; 250.9 (p<0001), respectively. There was a correlation between NLR and PLR and the severity with r= 0.415 (p<0.001) and r=0.216 (p<0.001), respectively. The correlation between NLR and the severity was stronger than PLR. Therefore, it was concluded that there was a correlation between NLR and PLR with the severity of COVID-19 patients.
Correlation between Lipid Accumulation Product with Fasting Blood Glucose and CRP in Obese Females
Authors: Surohadi Natra Dias , Retnoningrum Dwi , Hendrianingtyas Meita , Noer Etika Ratna , Syauqi Ahmad
Published: February 2023

Obesity is an excessive fat accumulation due to an imbalance between energy intake and consumption. Central obesity, represented by an increase in Waist Circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio, is a predictor for obesity-related metabolic disorders and has replaced BMI to determine the clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Lipid accumulation product calculated from WC and fasting triglyceride concentration is presumed to be an alternative to measure excessive lipid accumulation and a marker to predict diabetes or cardiovascular risk. Lipid accumulation product is related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome and is preferable to BMI to identify diseases. It has been established that obesity and increased visceral adipocytes contribute to increased levels of some inflammatory proteins such as CRP. This study aimed to determine the correlation between LAP with FBG and CRP in obese females. This cross-sectional study involved female with obesity aged 35-50 years at Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, carried out from February to May 2021. Lipid accumulation product was calculated using LAP=(WC[cm]–58)í—(TG[mmol/L]), TG and FBG levels were measured with the colorimetric enzymatic method, and CRP levels were analyzed with an immunoturbidimetric method using the chemical analyzer. The correlation between variables was analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests (p <0.05). CRP and FBG average levels were 3.546±2.6554 mg/dL and 83.1±11.363 mg/dL, respectively. There was a weak positive correlation between LAP with FBG (p=0.033; r=0.262) and LAP with CRP (p=0.04; r=0.251). Therefore, lipid accumulation products might influence FBG and CRP levels in the obese population
Analysis of C-Peptide Levels Among Gynaecological Malignancies Patients Underwent Chemotherapy with Carboplatin Regiment
Authors: Tristina Nina , Juandika Juandika , Lismayanti Leni , Sugianli Adhi Kristianto , Harahap Raja Iqbal Mulya
Published: February 2023

C-peptide is part of the, which its amounts were equal to endogenous insulin secreted by pancreatic Î² cells. Carboplatin is one of the chemotherapy regimens that are widely used to treat gynecological malignancies. Carboplatin may cause the damage of Î²-islets of Langerhans, which may cause defects in insulin synthesis leading to secondary diabetes mellitus or other types of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in C-peptide, (which reflects endogenous insulin levels) levels in patients with gynecologic malignancy who underwent carboplatin chemotherapy. This study was a comparative observational study with a cross-sectional design. There was a total of 42 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects with gynecological malignancy post-carboplatin chemotherapy regimens had lower serum C-peptide levels in group II compared to group I. Serum C-peptide levels can further be used to monitor side effects of carboplatin and can be used as a test to diagnose the other types of diabetes mellitus especially before starting the fourth cycle
PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN HIU DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN PANTAI TEGALSARI TEGAL
Authors: Septiawan Heppy , Primasari Bayu
Published: February 2023

Ikan hiu adalah jenis ikan bertulang rawan (Elasmobranchii) yang berperan sebagai predator puncak dalam rantai makanan dan juga memiliki peranan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem di lautan. Saat ini, keberadaan hiu terancam punah akibat aktivitas penangkapan berlebih yang disebabkan meningkatnya permintaan komoditas sirip di pasar internasional. Salah satu basis pendaratan hasil tangkapan hiu di Indonesia terletak di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Tegalsari Kota Tegal, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Tekanan terhadap populasi hiu di kawasan ini tidak hanya berasal dari peningkatan usaha tangkapan, namun juga dari kondisi perairan dan habitat yang terus mengalami degradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja pengelolaan perikanan hiu di PPP Tegalsari dengan pendekatan Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) serta menyusun rekomendasi untuk tindakan pengelolaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pengelolaan perikanan hiu di PPP Tegalsari berada pada kondisi baik dengan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan domain sebesar 73,39. Tindakan pengelolaan diprioritaskan pada domain ekonomi dan sumber daya ikan yaitu diversifikasi usaha dan kemudahan penyediaan akses permodalan bagi rumah tangga perikanan, membuat regulasi pembatasan upaya penangkapan dan ukuran minimal ikan hiu yang boleh ditangkap; serta peningkatan pengawasan terkait selektivitas alat tangkap dan metode penangkapan.
Alien trees and shrubs of Latvia – evaluation of current status and invasiveness
Authors: Evarte-Bundere Gunta , Evarts-Bunders Pēteris , Mežaka Anna , Bojāre Aiva
Published: February 2023

This article presents an updated list of annotated invasive trees and shrubs in Latvia. This list includes 178 taxa about which extensive information has been collected and analysed: family, first records in the area, native range, invasiveness status, vector of introduction, and species distribution in Latvia. In this article, the authors, for the first time in Latvia, provided an invasiveness risk assessment and distinguished risk classes for trees and shrubs. The methodology previously developed by E. Weber and D. Gut was used to assess the risk of invasiveness. The most widely represented families in the list of invasive trees and shrubs are Rosaceae (51 taxa or 28.65%) and Salicaceae (20 taxa or 11.24%). Having assessed the invasiveness status, two species (Acer negundo L. and Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun) were identified as transformers, and 42 tree and shrub taxa were identified as invasive. After the assessment of the invasiveness risk, the species were divided into three risk classes. The highest risk class includes 32 taxa that are threatening or are likely to threaten natural habitats in Latvia in the future. The results of this study can be used for further dendrological studies in relation to global change and for practical nature conservation and landscape gardening.