bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System of legal remedies for ensuring information security
Authors: Yarema O.G. , Ilyushyk O.M.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to highlighting the current problem of information law, the issue of the system of legal means of ensuring information security. The means of ensuring information security are considered - legal, organizational and technical. The main theoretical provisions regarding legal, organizational and technical means in the context of information security are highlighted; the problems in the researched field are assessed. The legal nature of general legal means of ensuring information security is based on: legislative consolidation of the conceptual apparatus regarding information security; formation of the system of legal support of information security. Information security in the specified aspect is considered as an object of legal protection, regarding the protection of legal rights and interests of the person, society and the state from destructive informational influence and protection of information from illegal transformations. Among the means of ensuring information security, the following are highlighted: forms or methods of recording information; official electronic publication, in particular publication, use of distributed ledger systems, in particular block chain technologies; conducting checks of information in the context of information security; presumption of information security regarding information security. This allows us to specify the directions of legal regulation in the field of information security. One of the legal means of ensuring information security is legal liability, which is provided for by criminal, administrative, civil law, and labor legislation. It is indicated that legal techniques are used to ensure information security: establishment of the right to reliable information; approval of a mandatory form or method of recording information as a means of ensuring information security; implementation of public recognition; monitoring and verification of information in the context of information security; application of the presumption of information protection regarding information security; establishment of legal responsibility.
Development of domestic criminal law regarding responsibility for abuse of power or official authority by a law enforcement official
Authors: Eftemij S.M.
Published: December 2022

Exceeding official authority, malpractice, use of power for personal purposes are phenomena that accompany the process of political, economic and social development of any state. Despite the fact the negative phenomenon is inherent in every country; the effectiveness of measures against its spread remains various.

The development of effective methods of combating any misconduct is impossible without the prior implementation of historical and legal research. In such a case, it seems possible not only to comprehend the causes and conditions for the origin of this dangerous phenomenon, but also to find out the compliance of criminal law prescriptions with the requirements of the public.

Gaining independence of our State at the end of the 20th century, caused a necessity to implement changes that affected the entire branch system of society’s vital activities. There was no exception to the issue of the sphere related to the implementation of law enforcement activities. In fact, since the adoption of the Act of Proclamation of Independence of Ukraine and until now, the law enforcement system has been continuously reformed. This is explained by the need to improve the effectiveness of Ukrainian human rights bodies and bring them into line with modern democratic, social, economic and political realities. Precisely for the purpose of ensuring effective organization of the implementation of reforms in the area within the competence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs there was created permanent advisory body “Office of Reforms”.

Taking into account the level of public danger, threats of exceeding power or official authority by law enforcement officers required special legal regulation. Criminal liability for the specified act is established in Art.365 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the content of which, like the entire law enforcement system of Ukraine, has undergone numerous changes. Since the effective date of the current Criminal Code of Ukraine, five changes have been made to this criminal law norm, one of which even referred to the new edition.

Accordingly, historical knowledge of the essence of the phenomenon of exceeding power or official authority by a law enforcement officials will help to understand the content and meaning of the ban, and therefore to understand the approaches of the legislator in solving certain problems.
Criminal offenses in the sphere of economic activity (Articles 147, 150) according to the Criminal Code of 1960: historical and legal analysis
Authors: Martyniuk O.V. , Koval I.F.
Published: December 2022

The article carries out a historical and legal analysis of the composition of crimes provided for in Art. 147 and 150 of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of 1960. It is noted that public relations in the sphere of economic and related activities are among the most widespread and significant. Therefore, in order to protect the normal functioning of economic and related activities, Chapter VII "Criminal offenses in the sphere of economic activity" is included in the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.

The authors draw attention to the changes related to the understanding of the content of criminal offenses in the field of economic activity during the last decades. It is emphasized that the changes made to Chapter VII of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in accordance with the Law of Ukraine dated June 19, 2020, led not only to the exclusion and significant updating of the wording of a number of previously existing articles (for example, Article 232-1 "Illegal use of insider information"), but also before the appearance of two completely new special prohibitions regarding the establishment of criminal liability for abuse in wholesale energy markets (Articles 222-2 and 232-3). Yes, Art. 222-2 was called "Manipulation on the energy market", and Art. 232-2 - "Illegal use of insider information regarding wholesale energy products."

The authors concluded that the development of social relations and the radical changes that took place in Ukraine at the end of the 80s and the beginning of the 90s of the last century were also reflected in the understanding of the essence of criminal offenses in the field of economic activity. Article 147 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR of 1960 was eventually transformed into Article 227 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine ("Deliberate introduction into circulation on the market of Ukraine (release on the market of Ukraine) of dangerous products) with a significant softening of the sanction of the article (punishment) from deprivation of liberty for a certain the term of monetary recovery (fine). Article 150 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR ("Employment of private entrepreneurial activity") has lost its relevance and was decriminalized according to the Law of Ukraine dated July 7, 1992.
The principle of differentiation and individualization of execution of punishments
Authors: Pylypenko D.
Published: December 2022

The content and essence of the principles of differentiation and individualization of the execution of punishments in criminal enforcement law are considered within the scope of the article. Emphasis is placed on the exceptional unified perception of this complex basis, taking into account the elements of differentiation and individualization. It is noted that the perception of these elements in a complex will properly reproduce the essence of the principle of differentiation and individualization of the execution of punishments, and, on the contrary, the separate perception of these elements will indicate only a partial reflection of the specificity of the legal relations regulated by this principle. The principle of differentiation and individualization of execution of punishments is derived from the criminal law principle of differentiation and individualization of criminal responsibility. At the same time, in addition to the derivative connection, the principle of differentiation and individualization of the execution of punishments also has an interdisciplinary essence, taking into account the "legal connection" between the branches of criminal and criminal enforcement law. It has been established that such an intersection of the branches of law occurs during the resolution of a number of issues related to deprivation of liberty. Such issues include the regulation of the procedures for applying parole from serving a sentence and replacing the unserved part of the sentence with a milder one. In the regulation of these legal relations, one of the key powers belongs to the principle of differentiation and individualization of execution of punishments. Such a connection of two normative legal acts in the context of reflecting the specified principle is defined as dual convergence. Within the article, it is emphasized that this phenomenon is also characteristic of the simultaneous regulation of a separate category of issues related to the execution of punishments by the norms of both criminal law and normative legal acts of the Ministry of Health. The interdisciplinary essence of the principle of differentiation and individualization of execution of punishments in conditions of triadic convergence is also emphasized. That is, under the conditions of simultaneous application of the branches of criminal, criminal procedural and criminal enforcement law within the framework of the regulation of certain issues related to the execution of punishments. It is noted that the interdisciplinary principle of differentiation and individualization of execution of punishments is also characterized by the collinearity criterion, in the case of its simultaneous use in heterogeneous legal relations in the sphere of criminal and administrative law.
Analysis of certain legislative changes to Criminal code of Ukraine through armed aggression of the russia
Authors: Cheban O.M.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the study of individual legislative changes to the Criminal Code of Ukraine in connection with russia's armed military aggression against Ukraine. Illegal and full-scale invasion, occupation, violations of international law by russia became the reason for legislative amendments that also affected the Criminal Code of Ukraine.It has been established that the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has adopted a number of Laws of Ukraine over the past six months, and a number of draft laws have been submitted to the Parliament and are awaiting approval. Among the legislative changes: 1) establishment of criminal liability for collaborative activity; for insulting the honor and dignity of a serviceman, threatening him; for justification, recognition as legitimate, denial of russia's armed aggression against Ukraine, heroization of its participants; for helping the aggressor state; 2) increased criminal liability for looting; 3) the combination of individual components of a criminal offense under the conditions of a state of war or state of emergency, as a particularly qualifying circumstance, etc.Despite the indisputable necessity of responding to russia's armed aggression in the norms of domestic criminal law, it is substantiated that some of the adopted changes have certain shortcomings, in view of this, methods of their elimination are proposed.It was investigated that the draft law on criminal liability for denying the fact of russia's military aggression against Ukraine in 2017 was proposed to supplement the Criminal Code of Ukraine with a new article that established criminal liability for publicly denying the fact of russia's military aggression. However, the draft law was rejected entirely on the basis of the lack of public danger, necessary and sufficient to recognize this act as a crime, since public denial of the fact of russia's military aggression rather constitutes the realization of a person's constitutional right to freedom of thought and speech, to the free expression of one's views and beliefs.It was established that in March 2022, denial of russia's armed aggression against Ukraine was criminalized, where both public and non-public actions are recognized as criminal, which indicates the inconsistency of the legislator's views. Undoubtedly, non-public actions are characterized by public danger, harmfulness, but the degree of public danger is not sufficient to recognize this action as criminal, and criminalization is unfounded. It has been analyzed that in the theory of criminal law, it is not without reason that it is proposed to improve (update) the criminal law norm, which will establish the unification of criminal responsibility for the public commission of such actions and the production or distribution of relevant materials.
Features of tracelogical study of dynamic traces of breaking tools
Authors: Yevseev P. , Kuznetsov R.
Published: December 2022

The analysis of law enforcement practice showed that nowadays a significant part of crimes is accompanied by the breaking of obstacles, locking mechanisms, committed with the use of various tools and objects, and forensic experts need special knowledge to solve these crimes. The issue of theoretical imperfection in the forensic traceological study of traces of hacking tools and the need for further development of methodological foundations of the traceological research of dynamic traces of hacking tools determined the relevance of this article.

The work deals with a number of issues related to the correct assessment of the results of the research conducted on the dynamic traces of burglary tools based on the practical activities of forensic experts. Also considered are some features of the examination of traces of hacking tools during the expert experiment stage and the stage of comparative research at the stage of detailed research, with a further assessment of the possibility of identifying hacking tools based on these features.

It is indicated that the results of the study make it possible to establish the most important facts for the investigation of the crime, namely:

– whether a crime took place (whether traces appeared as a result of illegal actions or their origin by chance);

– the group belonging of the burglary tool to the traces of burglary, which helps to reduce the area of ​​objects to be checked and to search for the wanted object;

- some signs of the identity of the burglar, which helps to narrow down the circle of persons among whom operational measures should be taken to search for and identify the criminal, as well as the method and circumstances of the burglary and the specific identification of the tool that formed the trace.

Taking into account the considered features, forensic experts, when conducting forensic trasological examinations on dynamic traces of hacking tools, have the opportunity to significantly increase the quality and reliability of research.
Tactics of seizing electronic assets obtained by criminal means in criminal proceedings
Authors: Pchelin V.B. , Pchelina O.V. , Poltavskyi E.M.
Published: December 2022

It has been established that the tactics of seizure of electronic assets obtained by criminal means in criminal proceedings is a set of scientific provisions and practical recommendations for organizing and planning activities to detect and seize electronic assets obtained by criminal means to ensure the effectiveness of criminal proceedings by determining the algorithm persons conducting pre-trial investigation. It has been found that the tactics of seizing electronic assets obtained by criminal means in criminal proceedings include recommendations for detecting electronic assets, establishing their connection with illegal activities in such a way as to obtain permission to seize them, and proving the facts relevant crimes. The structural elements of the tactics of seizing electronic assets obtained by criminal means in criminal proceedings have been highlighted. It has been emphasized that the tactical and organizational support for the seizure of electronic assets obtained by criminal means in criminal proceedings is the detailed planning of the investigation; careful preparation for individual events; establishing cooperation of pre-trial investigation bodies with state bodies, local self-government bodies, individuals and legal entities, international and intergovernmental organizations; use of information retrieval systems in the detection and tracing of assets. It has been emphasized that the effectiveness of seizure of electronic assets obtained by criminal means depends on the proper organization of criminal investigation from the earliest moment of its detection, careful planning and establishing constant and effective cooperation with other law enforcement agencies, regulatory and other bodies. The peculiarities of the interaction of pre-trial investigation bodies and prosecutor’s offices with the National Agency of Ukraine for Detection, Search and Management of Assets Obtained from Corruption and Other Crimes have been highlighted.
Prospective areas of improvement of forensic expert activity based on international experience
Authors: Koropetska S.O. , Savchenko V.A.
Published: December 2022

The article identifies the main promising directions for the improvement of forensic expert activity based on the analysis of current criminal procedural legislation, scientific sources, as well as the practical performance of this activity in foreign countries. It is highlighted that the European integration of Ukraine necessitates the adoption of world standards in the field of forensic examination.

In the modern world there is a fairly large number of specialised international organisations, whose work is related to international cooperation in the field of activities of forensic institutions, conducting certain types of expert research. Among them the European Network of Forensic Institutes (ENFSI) has significant importance. In addition to the general work in the field of quality and competence management, research and development, education and training, 17 different expert working groups deal with various forensic researches. It includes 54 expert institutions, 41 of which are located in the member states of the European Union. Therefore, the European Commission has recognised ENFSI as a monopoly organisation in the field of forensic examination.

Recently, Ukrainian forensic expert institutions have been closely cooperating with ENFSI. This can be seen in the example of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine (KNDISE), which maintains close international relations with scientific establishments, educational institutions of foreign countries, international and non-governmental organisations. KNDISE became a member of ENFSI in 2017.

It was concluded that the task of an expert in any country is the same - to conduct a certain type of examination that will help resolve a legal dispute or simply a conflict situation using his special knowledge. Of course, each state has its own legal system, historically developed legal traditions, but forensic expert activity is based on common, first of all, scientific principles and methods. What is important in this activity is the establishment of cooperation and the exchange of acquired experience and technologies, the search for new ways and approaches to interaction.
The essence of private communication in the criminal process: separate theoretical-legal and applied aspects
Authors: Stelmakh A.
Published: December 2022

The article presents a monistic concept of the relationship between national criminal procedural law and international law, in particular, comparing the norms of international treaties, the Constitution of Ukraine, and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. The places of these legal norms in the hierarchy of the country's legal system are determined from the point of view of their different legal force.

Such an institution of the national criminal-procedural branch of law as interference in private communication is considered. It was analyzed that compliance with the norms of this institute includes classic and non-typical legal norms of the CPC of Ukraine. A scientific opinion is presented regarding the incompleteness of the list of investigative actions provided for by the prescriptions of paragraph 2 "Interference in private communication" of chapter 21 "Secret investigative (search) actions" of the CPC, which are related to interference in private communication.

The legal category "private communication" was analyzed, in particular the legal definitions set forth in Part 1 of Art. 3 Art. 258 of the CPC of Ukraine, theoretical aspects of the essence of this concept, its constituent elements. The latest judicial practice of the Supreme Court on the application of this legal category was studied.

It was concluded that the content of the research definition includes private, family and professional spheres, and may include information that is in the possession of a mass media or journalist, medical, notarial, commercial or other legally protected secret.

In the context of the study, the provisions of Part 1 of Art. 8 and Part 1 of Art. 10 of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The legal category "private communication" is compared with the concept of "correspondence" of this Convention, which is interpreted in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. Different approaches of national and international law to the formation of formed legal categories are noted.

The provisions when the right to respect for "correspondence" must be ensured, that is, the confidentiality of communication must be protected, in accordance with the practice of the European Court of Human Rights.

Focused attention on the relationship between Articles 8 and 10 of this Convention in situations where special powers are used to circumvent the protection of journalistic sources.

The similarity of the researched concepts of private communication and correspondence, which under certain features may be similar in their own essence, after the violation relate to the protected right to secrecy of communications, has been established.
Exceptions to the concept of «fruit of the poisonous tree»: application in judicial practice
Authors: Titko I.A. , Yukhymenko K.A.
Published: December 2022

The article discloses and details the statement about the desabsolutization of the concept based on modern scientific developments and judicial practice of the Supreme Court (Ukraine), legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights and the Supreme Court of the United States. The main rules-exceptions: «independent source», «inavitable discovery, «purged taint», «harmless error» and «good-faith exception» formed under the influence of the Anglo-Saxon legal system are highlighted. The essence of each of them is analyzed in view of the international historical excursion and the modern law enforcement practice of diferent courts. The problem of the lack of unity in the perception of the specified exceptions at both the applied and the doctrinal level due to their genesis, the uncertainty of their application in the national criminal process is highlighted, and ways to solve it are proposed. It is noted that the Supreme Court (of Ukraine) actively borrows progressive foreign experience, including through the prism of "fruit of the poisonous tree" exceptions, but in correlation with the peculiarities of the national legal system.It has been proven that their use requires careful research taking into account the circumstances of a specific case, because international standards of observance of human rights and freedoms should have a guiding influence on national courts. Аt the same time their unjustified use can lead to a violation of the rights and freedoms of a person in the process of criminal proceedings and to an unfair trial, in general. It has been argued that exceptions to the "fruit of the poisonous tree" rule are justified as long as they serve as compensatory mechanisms to ensure the fairness of the trial as an international standard.At the same time, our analysis of judicial practice and scientific sources provides grounds for asserting that, unlike the very concept of "fruits of the poisonous tree", exceptions to it are not characterized by unity in perception and application at both the applied and doctrinal levels.
Comparative-legal analysis of the structure of external functions of Ukraine and Hungary: implementation of experience (part 2)
Authors: Horbachenko Oleksandra
Published: December 2022

Now a new military battle has begun for Ukraine and Ukrainians, and each component of the function is own separate front of confrontation today. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine is considered as a PR manager of the international level of a specific state. Based on the experience of Hungary and the legislative tasks of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, which are quite extensive with a wide range of tasks, it is proposed to systematize its competences into six logical groups. The first is to promote the interests of Ukraine and support security and territorial integrity. The second is investments and information space. The third is maintaining ties with legal and physical Ukrainians. The fourth is image formation. The fifth is the EU and NATO. And considering the foreign policy strategy, as a sixth separate group we can highlight the expansion of relations with Africa and Asia, because this is not only a new breath for the renewal of relations, but also a new stage of investment and trade, which is mutually beneficial for both sides. The structure of external functions is the same for most states, the main differences between them are contained in the approaches to their implementation. For Ukraine, which until February 24 was on the verge of a full-scale military invasion and conducted its activities in an almost basic mode, today must not only review its stereotypical tasks, but must create them in a new way. The group's data are priorities for the coming years, and each of these realized directions will help not only in rebuilding the destroyed, but also in creating a new one, otherwise, we can predict that Ukraine will be thrown back decades. Under each of the proposed systematic groups, a specific component of the external function is considered, as a way of realizing the function itself and the goal of the selected group. In this part of the scientific article, we consider issues within the framework of the following components of external functions: establishing international cultural ties (humanitarian), countering international terrorism and international organized crime, nature protection or Ecological (participation in international environmental protection) function.
Juvenile prevention during the war: features of the implementation of powers
Authors: Romanova A.S.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to deepening the study of the problems of the implementation of juvenile prevention powers during the war as the most acute period of socio-legal anomie, when all categories of the state's population are negatively affected by military actions. Authorized bodies should make maximum efforts to protect children from the consequences of war, because the social chaos provoked by war is the basis for them to commit certain illegal actions that they committed before, or were inclined to commit.

It was found that minors fall into a marginal environment, an environment prone to deviant behavior, which is a big danger. The unstable psyche of the child will not always be able to distinguish care from violence, for example, sexual or psychological. It is important not only to prevent offenses by minors, but also to respect their rights and the opportunity to develop as safely as possible in society, to prevent an increase in the level of crime among minors during the war, and to account for those who came under the negative influence of persons with illegal behavior in the territories where hostilities are taking place.

It is emphasized that during the period of socio-legal anomie, social and value orientations change even in mature adults, and in minors, in whom such orientations have not yet been fully formed, anti-value behavior aimed at disregarding the norms of law and social morality may be formed.

It is noted that representatives of juvenile prevention agencies need to closely cooperate with volunteers, teachers, centers of residence of temporarily displaced persons to identify children prone to illegal behavior or those in need of special social and psychological adaptation. Social solidarity and interaction of all citizens is important.

During the war, a widespread negative phenomenon in society is the illegal involvement of children in labor. These may not be intentional actions on the part of parents and relatives, who in an extreme situation cannot adequately assess such actions as harmful to the child's health, as well as intentional actions of third parties aimed at labor exploitation of children.
Components of the mechanism of notary activity: theoretical and legal dimension
Authors: Marzhyna A.
Published: December 2022

In the author’s work, the components of the mechanism of notarial activity as a theoretical and legal phenomenon were analyzed. The relevance of the research topic and the importance of modernizing the understanding of the componentsof the mechanism of notarial activity in the modern conditions of its development were noted.The cognitive features of the subject of this article have been established. The author emphasized that the prospects for improving notarial activity are in the area of strengthening its functioning as a single integral mechanism that provides an effective algorithm for the notary to implement its functions on the basis of complexity, professionalism and efficiency. Onthe basis of the analysis of doctrinal approaches to understanding the mechanism of notarial activity, the definition of the specified concept as a type of legal mechanism of notarial activity, the content of which is an ordered system of interrelated legal means aimed at normalizing and giving legal form to social relations arising from the implementation of notarial activities, has been clarified actions related to certification of rights and facts that have legal significance, taking other actions with the aim of giving them legal credibility, as well as providing citizens and legal entities with other professional legal assistance. The components of the mechanism of notarial activity are singled out and characterized, namely regulatory andlegal support, legal facts, notarial-procedural legal relations, acts of application of law, legal means of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of participants in notarial proceedings.It is summarized that the mechanism of notarial activity is the main way of functioning of the notary institution, a set of legal means of performing its main functions defined by legislation. It is his proper scientific research that should be the basis for improving the practice of functioning of notaries in Ukraine.
Adoption of the constitution: general principles
Authors: Danko V.Y. , Byelov D.M.
Published: December 2022

It has been determined that the transition period in Ukraine, as elsewhere, is characterized by the confrontation of two legal orders - the old and the new, the main distinction of which is the attitude to the 1996 Constitution. The central issue of themodern constitutional debate is the issue of gaps in the Constitution, as well as the question of who will fill these gaps, how and in what direction.The authors try to establish the main problems of the procedure for the adoption of the basic law that are relevant today through the prism of a comparative legal analysis of the procedure in foreign countries. It is indicated that the special significance of the Basic Law in the life of society and the state and its supremacy in the legal system raise the problem of using certain special forms (procedures) of its adoption. Adoption of the constitution should be understood as a complex process of deep political and legal significance, a process in which at least the following elements can be accurately identified:a) situations in which the new Constitution is adopted; b) the initiative to adopt the Constitution; c) competent body (constitutional or constituent power); d) methods of acceptance.Summarizing the experience of foreign countries regarding the adoption of the basic law and the introduction of amendments to it, it is noted that although the most common means of direct democracy is a referendum, however, in international practice there are no cases when changes to the basic law were brought directly to the discussion of citizens (constitutional referendum), and its results would automatically acquire higher legal force and would not require additional coordination with the country’s parliament. As an exception, it is possible to consider issues that determine the foundations of the state system,namely: issues of sovereignty, independence, state organization, or neutrality. In foreign countries (first of all, European countries), a preliminary discussion and approval of draft amendments to the constitution by a representative body is practiced, followed by the submission of the text of the draft law to a referendum.
Aspectos da pobreza na cidade pós-clássica: as homilias de João Crisóstomo como fonte para a História Social de Antioquia
Authors: Silva Gilvan Ventura da
Published: December 2022

Nesse artigo, pretendemos investigar o crescimento da pobreza em Antioquia, a metropolis da província da Síria-Coele, nas últimas décadas do século IV, bem como iluminar as táticas (ou técnicas) empregadas pelos pobres para sobreviver mediante as informações contidas nas homilias de João Crisóstomo, um autor que ocupou o posto de presbítero da congregação antioquena entre 386 e 397. Além disso, temos também por objetivo refletir sobre o emprego da literatura homilética como uma fonte relevante para a compreensão da realidade socioeconômica das províncias orientais do Império Romano na Antiguidade Tardia à luz dos pressupostos da História Social.
A vida rural em disputa com o lucro: notas sobre as percepções éticas do trabalho agrícola nas Geórgicas de Virgílio
Authors: Cozer Alexandre , Garraffoni Renata Senna
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo consiste em um estudo de caso, a partir das Geórgicas, com o objetivo central de explorar como o texto de Virgílio, lido a partir de uma perspectiva em que a linguagem poética constrói discursos e não reflete o real, traz à tona significados dissonantes que ainda podem contribuir para outras leituras sobre as intricadas relações entre economia, cultura e sociedade. Não visamos, com essa escolha, um entendimento da economia como relações de mercado, mas como relações que envolvem conceitos de produção, de ética de trabalho que permitem que percebamos o campo como um lugar de conflito e disputa de saberes e modos de vida. Para tanto, além de apresentar um breve resumo do autor e da obra, optamos por analisar as reflexões sobre posse de terra e pobreza e explorar com carregam o comportamento dos agricultores e as contradições inerentes a ele. Discutir aspectos da condição social e financeira desse agricultor descrito pelas Geórgicas, mesmo sabendo que ele não seja necessariamente um personagem real e palpável, implica em refletir sobre as leituras de Virgílio acerca do acúmulo de posses e a participação política, temas fundamentais para uma percepção menos normativa da sociedade romana.
Economia romana, discussões antigas e a Arqueologia
Authors: Duprat Paulo Pires , Funari Pedro Paulo Abreu
Published: December 2022

Os estudos sobre a Economia Antiga motivaram intensos debates desde inícios do século XX, sempre marcados por visões conflitantes acerca de suas rupturas e continuidades com o mundo moderno. O caso mais conhecido é o debate entre “primitivistas” e “modernistas”, que sempre expressam opiniões opostas: o primeiro grupo insiste que havia deficiências intrínsecas que limitaram o seu desenvolvimento; o segundo discorda, defende sua eficiência e aponta similaridades entre a economia Antiga e Moderna. Por conta disso, a economia romana é apresentada sob um caráter dicotômico: ora descrita como subdesenvolvida e de baixo desempenho, ora como próspera e avançada. Vamos destacar a influência que o primitivista Moses I. Finley teve no meio acadêmico e contestar suas ideias, desconstruindo um de seus principais baluartes teóricos: o modelo da “Cidade Consumidora”. Nosso objetivo principal é apresentar uma nova perspectiva interpretativa, baseada em uma interdisciplinaridade proativa que permita cruzar os pressupostos da Arqueologia com uma seleção mais abrangente das ciências pertinentes ao tema escolhido.
Estatuto de "y" nos antropónimos brasileiros
Authors: Rio-Torto Graça
Published: December 2022

Este artigo inscreve-se num estudo mais amplo sobre os antropónimos em uso no Brasil (Dicionário de Nomes em uso no Brasil, https://dicionariodenomesdobrasil.com.br/) e também em Portugal, e visa apurar em que medida o uso de y, em substituição de outro grafema, normalmente i ou e, é um fenómeno recente ou já antigo, e se o segmento y na fronteira direita de alguns nomes corresponde ou não a um novo operador sufixal. Para tal, foram selecionados aleatoriamente nomes femininos que contêm y, seja em posição interior, seja em posição final, tendo recorrido ao maior acervo disponível para o efeito, BRASIL, IBGE. NOMES NO BRASIL. Disponível em: https://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/nomes/#/search. Foram selecionados nomes de maior e de menor popularidade, para averiguar em que medida esta se correlaciona, ou não, com a substituição de i ou e por y. Tecem-se algumas considerações sobre as motivações possíveis por esta apetência, com base em considerações já expendidas (Soledade 2020, 2022) e nas representações de falantes que optam por esta configuração. Esta alteração na grafia de prenomes brasileiros inscreve-se na crescente abertura para inovação que ocorre no século XX, dando continuidade à chamada revolução antroponímica que teve lugar no segundo quarto do século passado.
Lingua, identidade e sanción social: a ocultación da galeguidade na Idade Moderna
Authors: Peres Vigo Alexandre
Published: December 2022

A ocultación da identidade representa unha estratexia social amplamente documentada entre individuos pertencentes a colectivos estigmatizados e expostos ao maltrato e á sanción social. No caso galego, esta práctica, atribuída a unha parte da diáspora asentada en Castela, foi plasmada −e satirizada− ao longo da produción literaria española, especialmente durante o período aurisecular. Con todo, as referencias verbo deste fenómeno tamén se deixaron sentir na paremioloxía, así como na propia fraseoloxía do centro e sur peninsular da altura, onde o galego representaba un colectivo nacional cuxo trazo caracterizador máis visíbel foi a lingua. Debido á súa visibilidade, o idioma acabaría por se converter non só nun perigoso delator étnico mais tamén nun elemento que facilitaba a ocultación identitaria mediante a adscrición a outros grupos afíns como o portugués. Porén, este tipo de acollementos estivo supeditado ás diferentes relacións interétnicas ao abeiro das cambiantes circunstancias políticas. Para alén dos literarios, resultan especialmente significativos os numerosos testemuños que desde o século XVII dotan de verismo esta práctica cuxa vixencia se estendeu até tempos contemporáneos.
“A Noite do Castelo e Os Ciúmes do Bardo” de António Feliciano de Castilho: alguns apontamentos sobre o léxico e seu confronto com “Os Lusíadas” de Camões
Authors: Machado José Barbosa
Published: December 2022

A Noite do Castelo e Os Ciúmes do Bardo é uma coletânea de poemas de António Feliciano de Castilho (1800-1875) publicada em 1836. A obra é constituída por diferentes textos em prosa e em verso. O principal, “A Noite do Castelo”, ocupa mais de metade do livro. É um poema com quatro cantos em decassílabos brancos, antecedido por um longo prefácio e seguido por uns “Reparos”. A obra contém mais dois poemas, também em decassílabos brancos, com textos introdutórios: “Os Ciúmes do Bardo” e a “Confissão de Amélia”, este último uma tradução de um poema francês de Delphine Gay (1804-1855). O tema comum aos três poemas é o homicídio de mulheres à mão dos seus amantes ciumentos.Neste estudo, apresentaremos a distribuição estatística do léxico presente na obra pelas diferentes classes gramaticais, fazendo uma análise comparativa com Os Lusíadas (1572) de Camões a nível do uso dos verbos, dos substantivos e dos adjetivos. Desta análise concluiremos que o vocabulário da obra de Castilho é mais variado, apresentando, no entanto, influências da obra de Camões. Apresentaremos também algumas particularidades gráficas e fonéticas, e falaremos da substantivação verbal (Relvas, 2001), um recurso estilístico bastante utilizado pelo autor.Para a obtenção e o tratamento dos dados, servimo-nos de algumas ferramentas informáticas, como o programa Lexicon, o MS Access e o MS Excel, seguindo as propostas relativas ao uso de métodos quantitativos nas Ciências Humanas e Sociais, e em particular na Linguística, de Desagulier (2017), Johnson (2008) e Lawler e Dry (2002).
O papel da produtividade nas operações agrícolas da uilla: um estudo do aspecto econômico dos tratados de Catão, Varrão e Columella
Authors: Nascimento Fabiana Martins , Gaia Deivid Valério
Published: December 2022

O elogio à agricultura é uma constante na literatura latina. Considerada por Cícero como a atividade própria aos homens nascidos livres no seu De Officiis, a prática agrícola tem lugar central no discurso das classes dirigentes. Deveriam dedicar-se a ela todos aqueles que gostariam de ser considerados homens bons. Compreendida, desse modo, como parte do estilo de vida desses grupos, a agricultura foi caracterizada por parte da historiografia como autossuficiente e subsistente, não direcionada a qualquer tipo de fim econômico. O presente artigo tem por objetivo argumentar que, sem negar o seu papel sociopolítico, inscrito na lógica da cultura política da sociedade romana, a agricultura também tinha objetivos econômicos bem definidos, que podem ser observados nos tratados de Catão, Varrão e Columella. Nossa argumentação se centra na ideia de que um importante ponto que atesta os objetivos econômicos da prática agrícola é a preocupação com a produtividade da propriedade. Consideramos que, de modo geral, a agricultura aglutinava funções de diferentes naturezas.
A literatura jurídica e a escrita da História Econômica e Financeira Romana: considerações metodológicas
Authors: Bonze Ian Ferreira , Gaia Deivid Valério
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma reflexão sobre o uso da literatura jurídica como fonte para o estudo da História Econômica, Social e Financeira romana. O artigo se dividirá da seguinte forma: discussão sobre os conceitos básicos de Economia Antiga, Literatura e texto jurídico romano; algumas considerações metodológicas sobre o uso da literatura jurídica como documentação histórica; e exemplos pontuais de possibilidades da escrita da história econômica e financeira partindo da análise da literatura jurídica. Este artigo não tem a pretensão de responder todas as questões postuladas com relação a um tema interdisciplinar de tamanha abrangência; no entanto, objetiva-se apresentar e discutir, preliminarmente, alguns aparatos teórico-metodológicos indispensáveis para empreender esse triplo encontro entre Economia, Direito e História da Antiguidade.
En torno a la narración y la escena de mensajero en Agamenón de Esquilo
Authors: Encinas Reguero María del Carmen
Published: December 2022

A pesar de ser una de más antiguas tragedias conservadas, Agamenón de Esquilo muestra una gran originalidad y maestría compositiva. En este artículo se fija la atención, de un lado, en la narración, que se retrasa al final de la tragedia y en la que se invierte el orden cronológico, y, de otro lado, en la escena de mensajero, anticipada por la escena de la antorcha que protagoniza Clitemnestra. La comparación de ambas escenas muestra cómo Esquilo opone distintas formas de comunicación llamando la atención sobre la imperfección de todo acto comunicativo y provocando una reflexión metateatral sobre la autoridad de la voz narrativa.
El cielo como puesta en escena: el grupo de Céfeo en Phaenomena de Arato
Authors: Garzón Córdoba Johanna Maryely
Published: December 2022

En el presente artículo nos proponemos estudiar la representación de los asterismos que componen el grupo de Céfeo en Phaenomena de Arato y su relación con la representación de la obra Andrómeda de Eurípides a fin de comprender las motivaciones tras la catasterización de las figuras y aventurar la datación del grupo trágico en la bóveda celeste.
nuevo trabajo atípico o forma específica de empleo
Authors: Neffa Julio Cesar
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo está referido a las nuevas tecnologías informatizadas que han permitido la creación de organizaciones, la mayoría de carácter transnacional, que no se encuentran sometidas a los requerimientos de las empresas tradicionales. En este caso, se hace referencia a las empresas de servicios a través de plataformas y algoritmos, que se impuso con mayor intensidad en la época de pandemia. Las actividades fundamentales consisten en intermediar mediante dispositivos electrónicos. Se trata de un trabajo precario, flexible y no asalariado. Con la estrategia de que no hay empleador ni empleados, estas nuevas formas se implantaron en el mundo al margen de toda legalidad, no solo laboral, sino fiscal y tributaria. La empresa es el mayor recaudador, ya que no se hace cargo de ninguna de las cargas sociales y la protección social, el cuidado de la salud y los riesgos del trabajo quedan a cargo del trabajador. Es un modelo de empleo desde una concepción del desarrollo neoliberal. Se hace un recorrido por las diferentes modalidades de servicios que existen en nuestro país y se realizan recomendaciones para que el Estado regule este trabajo y quienes lo realizan puedan ser incluidos en la Ley de Contrato de Trabajo.
rasgos de sacralidad del liderazgo
Authors: Scaricabarozzi Rossana
Published: December 2022

El propósito del presente artículo consiste en explorar el concepto de lo sagrado para analizar sus alcances con respecto al liderazgo. Esta relación social aparece íntimamente vinculada con la unción carismática del líder y sus pretendidas cualidades extraordinarias, así como también con el comportamiento de sus seguidores. Por fuera del imperativo weberiano de reconocimiento, los prosélitos resultan eclipsados por la persona ungida, quien adquiere grados de sacralidad a partir de una atribución irracional de los liderados e impulsada por conducto de un estado emocional alienante. La condición de lo sagrado será reconsiderada entonces para problematizar dicha formulación y avanzar en la comprensión de esa categoría conceptual. Por ello, explorar los rasgos de sacralidad del liderazgo supondrá reflexionar acerca de ciertas semejanzas relacionadas con lo sacro/religioso desde una perspectiva sociológica. El siguiente apartado se iniciará con una breve exégesis acerca de lo sagrado. A continuación, se realizará una posible lectura de su carácter funcional, esta vez concebido como un eje de la construcción social dentro de la mencionada relación. Y, por último, se ofrecerán algunas conclusiones, habida cuenta de que este trabajo se inscribe en una investigación sobre el fenómeno de liderazgo y su tratamiento en profundidad excede el objetivo planteado.