bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of functional groups present in bigel and estimating their concentration by FTIR spectroscopy; experimental study
Authors: Noman Soaad
Published: August 2024

Gel formulations of oleogel, hydrogel, and oleo-hydrogel (bigel) were evaluated as transdermal drug delivery systems, but recently various studies have proved that gel-based delivery systems are also able to improve the stability and bioavailability of many bioactive food ingredients. It has been proven that higher concentration of oleogel in bigel, precisely 7:3 OG:HG ratio, enhanced the viability of probiotic bacteria. And this study aims to identify all the organic compounds present in that bigel, determine their respective functional group and estimate their concentration. This work was an experimental research design conducted in Food Technology Laboratory at B.B. Ambedkar University with technical assistance provided by CytoGene Research and Development in Lucknow, India. The experimental work was conducted from January to April 2021. Spectroscopic technique was the primary analysing tool used which is based on the absorption or emission of IR radiation. Fourier Transform FT is an instrument that uses the mid-region of IR spectrum for qualitative and quantitative analysis of food. FTIR technique in food industry was basically established for quality control by evaluating industrially manufactured material, and can often serve as the first step in material analysis process (proximate analysis).  The IR spectra of the sample in which %T was a function of wavenumber cm-1 had three main regions, from which the most important region (1500-3000 cm-1) had three peaks, by using the frequency range reference table, it was found that Alkyl group (methyl) and Carbonyl group (ester) were the functional groups of the sample. Absorbance was calculated using Beer Lambert Law. Lastly, the concentration for which a standard curve of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester FAME was used. 0.36 gmL-1 was the conc. of methyl and 0.14 was gmL-1 was the conc. of ester. This study concluded that, FTIR had shown to provide higher accuracy and a significant reduction in total analysis time, and the ability to perform a variety of common fat and oil analyses such as iodine value, saponification number and peroxide value by FTIR is a realistic possibility.
It’s not just a cup of coffee: Specialty coffee culture in South Africa.
Authors: Kesa Hema , Urwin Roland , Sao Joao Erica
Published: August 2024

With an estimated six million consumers purchasing coffee in South Africa, they are demanding that various factors be present in a coffee business for quality experiences. Local specialty coffee businesses have followed international processes; however, there is little information on how the industry perceives the changing consumer market for specialty coffee. The study’s purpose is to investigate the perspective of specialty coffee business owners on consumption reasoning and changing consumer knowledge. This descriptive qualitative design with a judgment sample of specialty coffee business owners, using semi-structured interviews was conducted. Analyses were performed using inductive content analysis. Specialty coffee business owners have recognised that consumer knowledge has changed, with consumers asking more informed questions about the products being served, demanding quality products and consistency. A recommendation is to focus on the training and education of both service personal and customers to improve the specialty coffee experience.
Homeopathic (antimiasmatic) treatment for insomnia
Authors: Dr. Vimla  , Dr Poonam Kakandikar
Published: August 2024

Insomnia is a widely recognized psychosomatic disorder, commonly seen in all the age groups and gender. The worldwide prevalence rate of insomnia is 10%-30%. It is defined as difficulty in starting and staying asleep or waking up early in morning with or without unrefreshing mood in morning. Sleep disorder can either occur for few days or for longer period. If it remains untreated it can affect day to day routine. The treatment of the insomnia not only require medicines but also require therapies like sleep hygiene therapy, sleep restriction therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation therapy, etc. TheHomoeopathic antimiasmatic treatment can work wonderfully in Insomnia. Homoeopathy removes the cause of disease and give patient proper comfort.
Stress and Insomnia – A Vicious Circle
Authors: Shruti Dube  , Anuradha Babar
Published: August 2024

Insomnia refers to the complaint of experiencing unsatisfactory sleep, typically characterized by difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep. Individuals with insomnia are dissatisfied with their sleep quality and perceive it as hindering their ability to perform well in work, school, and social settings. Common symptoms of insomnia include fatigue, decreased mood,irritability, general discomfort, and cognitive difficulties. Stress, on the other hand, is the result of emotional or physical tension triggered by various events that can lead a person to feel frustrated, angry, or anxious. Stress is the body's response to a challenge or demand, and it is accompanied by the release of hormones. The specific physiological response to stressdepends on factors such as the type of stress, the individual's characteristics, their neuroendocrine system, and the combination of these elements, which collectively determine how the brain and body react to a particular stressor. The activation of the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a response mechanism triggered by stress. Disturbed sleep, particularly insomnia, is a common side effect of stress, varying in intensity. Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining both physical and mental well-being, making the physiological connections between sleep and stress vital in understanding the development of stress-induced pathophysiology. Current treatments for insomnia include Cognitive BehavioralTherapy, improving sleep hygiene, and employing psychological and pharmacological interventions. However, these approaches primarily aim to improve insomnia symptoms rather than addressing its underlying cause. In the context of Homoeopathy, the concept of constitution refers to an individual's unique structure, composition, nature, and physicalmakeup, influenced by both inherited qualities and environmental factors. Therefore, it is essential to individualize each case and administer a similimum remedy to achieve complete healing according to Homoeopathic principles. This review aims to explore the physiological and neuroendocrine changes that occur as a result of the interplay between stress and thedevelopment of insomnia.
Application of jute fiberin soil stabilization
Authors: Prasanna Shwetha , Mendes Nevil Macedon
Published: August 2024

This paper is focusing on the stabilisation of silty sand using jute fibre as soil stabilizer. Stabilisation is the process of modifying the properties of a soil to improve its engineering performance and used it for a variety of engineering works. This study examines the potential of soil stabilization with jute fibre when it is cut into roughly 30mm lengths as stabilizer. The varying percentages like 0.5%, 1%, 1.5 and 2% of pieces of jute fibre were used and mixed it with soil. The laboratory tests such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, modified compaction tests and direct shear strength tests have been conducted to observe the change in engineering properties of soil. On the basis of the experiments performed, it can be concluded that the stabilization of soil using 30mm pieces of jute as stabilizer improves the strength characteristics of the soil so that it becomes usable as one of the reinforcing materialsfor the construction of roadways, parking areas, site development projects, airports and many other situations where sub-soils are not suitable for construction.
Retailer Insights on Amul’s Fresh Milk Products Supply Chain Study in Anand City and Vidyanagar, India
Authors: Trivedi Smit , Gurjar M.D. , Kamani K.C. , Prajapati M.C. , Makwana A.K.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates retailer insights within supply chain of Amul fresh milk products in Anand city and Vidyanagar. A cross-sectional study using semi- structured questionnaires for data collection and statistical tools for analysis. Spanning from 1st March to 7th June, 2024, the project is guided by specific objectives provided by AMUL Dairy. These objectives include studying the insights of retailer with in supply chain of fresh milk products. Data collection through semi-structured questionnaires distributed to 40 retailers random sampling methods. Analysis includes statistical tools like frequencies, percentages, and Likert scales to derive insights the positive aspects of fresh milk products supply chain in Anand city and Vidyanagar. Retailers express high levels of satisfaction with promotional materials, indicating effective marketing strategies and strong brand presence. These findings highlight the strengths of Amul's supply chain, demonstrating successful collaboration and high level of customer satisfaction among stakeholder. Additionally concludes with actionable recommendations for fresh milk products supply chain, but notes that the data may not be generalizable due to statistical insignificance.
A Review on Depth Wise Nutrients Status in Punjab’s Soils
Authors: Hashmi Md. Junaid , Singh Yadvendra Pal , Ghosh Animesh
Published: August 2024

Punjab, which is well-known for its agricultural output, has significant difficulties in preserving soil fertility in the face of intensive farming methods. The depth-wise distribution of nutrients in Punjab's soils is examined in this review, which is important to comprehend agricultural sustainability. Several agricultural zones provided soil samples, which were then examined for important macronutrients (N, P, and K) and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu). Recent article contains status of soil nutrients of Punjab emphasizing mostly deficits elements that may hinder crop growth. It was also reflected by the researchers that because of intensive farming methods and insufficient replenishing, nitrogen levels become low with time. Analyzing the d ata published by the research papers it was observed that potassium and phosphorus levels were moderate, although significant deficits were found in several locations. Micronutrient investigation revealed that iron and manganese levels were comparatively adequate, but there was a general shortage in zinc in this region. The review emphasizes that in order to maximize soil fertility and increase crop yields, region-specific nutrient management practices are necessary. The application of organic amendments, balanced fertilization techniques, and routine soil testing to identify and correct nutrient imbalances are among the recommendations. In order to maximize fertilizer applications, improve nutrient use efficiency, and guarantee Punjab's long-term agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability, these variations must be taken into consideration. This review emphasizes how crucial it is to implement customized soil management plans in order to prevent nutrient depletion and maintain the area's agricultural future.
Evaluation of Novel Insecticides for Controlling Mango Leaf Hopper (Amritodes atkinsoni) in Mango (Mangifera indica) Cultivation
Authors: Mandal Sunil Kumar , Prasad Surendra , Kumar Manoj
Published: August 2024

The study was carried out to the evaluation of newer insecticides molucules against mango leaf hopper, Amritodes atkinsoni Leth. infesting in Maldah.  The treatments Thiomethoxam 25 WG (0.3 gm/L) and Imidacloprid 17.8 SL (0.3 ml/L) were found highest per cent reduction (87.74% and 86.08%) against mango leaf hopper. Moreover, Clothianidin 50 WDG (0.25 gm/L), Difentheuron 50 WP and Acetamiprid 20 SP (0.5 gm/L) were next effective treatments against mango leaf hopper i.e. 81.22%, 79.98% and 77.73%, respectively. The other treatments viz, Cypermethrin 10 EC (1.5 ml/L), Buprofezin 25 EC (1.0 ml/L) and Azadirachtin 3000 PPM (3 ml/L) were found least effective against mango leaf hopper over control. The significantly highest fruit yield and benefit cost ratio was also found in treatment Thiomethoxam 25 WG (232.67 kg/tree and 4.33:1) in compression to farmer’s practice (192.43 kg/tree and 2.16:1).
Effect of Different Plant Spacings on Growth and Yield of Blackgram Varieties (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
Authors: Taksalkar Bhagavat P. , Satale Bhimashankar M. , Pawar Avadhut D.
Published: August 2024

A field investigation entitled as Evaluation of blackgram varieties (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) under different plant spacings was conducted at Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Badnapur. The experimental field was levelled and well drained. The soil was clay loam in texture, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus, very high in available potassium and alkaline in reaction. The environmental conditions were moderately congenial for normal growth and maturity of blackgram crop. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Split plot Design with and four different  spacings, three different varieties which comprised twelve treatment combinations. Each experimental unit was repeated three times 5.4 m x 5.0 m size in gross plot and it was of 4.5 m x 4.6 m size in net plot. Sowing was done on 14th July, 2015 with three varieties BDU-1, TAU-1 and AKU-15. Sowing was done by dibbling method with different spacings of 30 cm x 10 cm, 30 cm x 20 cm, 45 cm x 10 cm and 45 cm x 20 cm. The RDF was applied before sowing. The recommended cultural practices and plant protection measures were under taken as per recommendation. Among différent varieties of blackgram, BDU-1 (V1) produced significantly higher growth characters such as plant height, number of functional leaves, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, pod weight per plant, seed yield per plant and test weight (1000 seed weight g). The interaction effects of varieties x spacings were foundto be non-significant.
Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de pacientes encaminhados para a equipe de cuidados paliativos / Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de pacientes encaminhados para a equipe de cuidados paliativos
Authors: Henrique Pereira Pedro , Mota Ana Luiza Fogaça da , Giansante Thaís , Ribeiro Simone Cristina , Vasconcelos Tauana Fernandes , Bolela Fabiana
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de pacientes na primeira consulta com a equipe de Cuidados Paliativos. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido com pacientes que compareceram à primeira consulta com a equipe de Cuidados Paliativos. Utilizou-se formulário com variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, a Escala de Desempenho em Cuidados Paliativos versão 2 e a Escala de Avaliação de Sintomas de Edmonton. Adotaram-se testes não paramétricos de Man-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes foi do sexo feminino, com idade média de 66,6 anos, com diagnóstico oncológico, que apresentavam metástases e baixo desempenho funcional e que foram submetidos, previamente, a quimioterapia, radioterapia e/ou cirurgia. Conclusão: os pacientes encaminhados para a primeira consulta com a equipe ambulatorial de Cuidados Paliativos caracterizaram-se pela baixa capacidade funcional.
Occupational stress of intensive care nurses during covid-19 / Estresse ocupacional de enfermeiros intensivistas durante a covid-19
Authors: Silva Natalia Paiva da , Bispo de Barros Francisco Railson , Santos Mauro Leonardo Salvador Caldeira dos , Oliveira Fernando Bernardo de , Oliveira Eliene Mendes de , Marinho Marcella Lima
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: avaliar os níveis de estresse ocupacional de enfermeiros intensivistas de Boa Vista, Roraima. Método: estudo descritivo-correlacional, realizado entre novembro/2022 e janeiro/2023 com 36 enfermeiros intensivistas de um hospital público. Resultados: 80,6% dos enfermeiros apresentaram alta demanda (16,2 ± 1,0) e 63,9% apresentaram alto controle (19,1 ± 1,0), havendo uma distribuição igualitária quanto ao apoio social. Referente aos escores de estresse, a maioria dos participantes apresentaram alta demanda psicológica (16,2) e alto controle (19,1), o que se traduz como um trabalho ativo. Os enfermeiros que não receberam apoio e reconhecimento por parte dos superiores apresentaram escore médio mais baixo nas dimensões Demanda Psicológica (2,12 unidades mais baixo) e Controle (3,26 unidades mais baixo). Conclusão: as vivências dos participantes no cuidado crítico durante a pandemia influenciaram na percepção do trabalho, e que, mesmo tendo um trabalho ativo considerado menos nocivo, a longo prazo pode se tornar negativo.
Suicidal behavior in healthcare students at a private university / Comportamento suicida em estudantes da área de saúde de universidade privada
Authors: Silva Talita Cristina Marques Franco , Marcolan João Fernando
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: analisar presença do comportamento suicida em universitários dos cursos da saúde de universidade privada. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória-descritiva, análise pelo teste Qui-Quadrado de Independência. 415 participantes de nove cursos. Resultados: expressiva maioria inserida no grupo dos 18 aos 24 anos, do sexo feminino, heterossexuais, brancos, solteiros, católicos e praticantes de religião. 27,96% dos participantes relataram comportamento suicida: 85 (20,48%) autoagressão, 116 (27,96%) pensamento suicida, 40 (9,63%) tentativa de suicídio, 16 (3,85%) pensamento ou tentativa suicida no último mês. Fatores de risco: problemas familiares, emocionais e sociais, depressão, ambiente universitário. Associaram comportamento suicida ao meio acadêmico devido a competitividade, exigências, estresse, pressão, medo, dificuldades de adaptação, falta de habilidade para situações, ansiedade, depressão, imediatismo, mudança de rotina, sobrecarga, autonomia, aumento da responsabilidade. Fatores de proteção: acolhimento, suporte psicológico/pedagógico, relacionamento social, familiar, acadêmico, relação com docentes, coordenadores e funcionários. Conclusão: parcela significativa dos participantes apresentou comportamento suicida associados às atividades acadêmicas.
Resistance training, cognitive function and the elderly: an integrative review / Treinamento resistido, função cognitiva e idosos: revisão integrativa
Authors: Paula Marckson da Silva , Gomes Neilson Duarte , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: investigar os efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre a função cognitiva de idosos. Método: o presente estudo se trata de uma revisão integrativa conduzida nas seguintes bases de dados: Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science e Google acadêmico. Resultados: a busca inicial resultou em 2525 registros e foram encaminhados à plataforma Rayyan, onde foram avaliados por dois revisores independentes. Após exclusão de duplicatas e outros resultados que não condiziam com os critérios de elegibilidade estabelecidos, sete estudos foram incluídos nessa revisão. Conclusão: conclui-se que, o treinamento de força tem sido eficiente em melhorar a função cognitiva. A relação entre as funções física e cognitiva é notória e mais estudos devem ser realizados para esclarecer o assunto, acrescentando outras modalidades como treinamento cardiorrespiratório, treinamento de força em superfícies instáveis, além de diferentes períodos de intervenção.
The endostructural pattern of a middle pleistocene human femoral diaphysis from the Karain E site (Southern Anatolia, Turkey)
Authors: Chevalier Tony , Özçelik Kadriye , de Lumley Marie‐Antoinette , Kösem Beray , de Lumley Henry , Yalçinkaya Işin , Taşkiran Harun
Published: June 2015

Objective:

The human femur from Karain E Cave (Turkey) exhumed from a Mousterian level provided the opportunity to make an incursion into the structural morphology of a late adolescent, or a young adult, femoral shaft from the late Middle Pleistocene of Anatolia.

Methods:

Considering the chrono‐ecogeographical context, this study focuses particularly on the endostructural morphological similarities between Karain and Neanderthal fossils.

Results:

Comparative analysis shows that some femoral features of the Karain specimen are frequently observed in Neanderthals, in comparison to some Middle Pleistocene Homo and Middle/Upper Paleolithic modern humans. In particular, we note a high degree of circularity and a strong midshaft posteromedial reinforcement of cortical thickness on the medial side. According to the mapping of cortical thickness, this latter feature can be related to the medial spiral distribution pattern of cortical thickness in the mid‐proximal shaft, which is present at Karain and in all Neanderthals available for this study. This spiral distribution was not identified in recent modern humans and may be absent from ancient Homo with femoral pilaster.

Conclusions:

The endostructural signature of Karain could indicate a similar biomechanical strain system to that of Neanderthals that could be linked to body shape. However, the presence of posteromedial reinforcement in Berg Aukas may point to an ancestral feature and may be independent of latitude. A larger comparative sample should further clarify the taxonomical, biomechanical, and chrono‐ecogeographical origins of the structural femoral features observed in an evolutionary Neanderthal context from MIS 7‐9 in Karain. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:648–658, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Intramolecular Aminofluorination, Oxyfluorination, and Carbofluorination with a Stable and Versatile Hypervalent Fluoroiodine Reagent
Authors: Yuan Weiming , Szabó Kálmán J.
Published: June 2015

Application of a fluoroiodine analogue of the Togni reagent was studied in fluorocyclization reactions. In the presence of a transition‐metal catalyst the applied fluoroiodine reagent can be used for aminofluorination, oxyfluorination, and carbofluorination reactions. The described procedure has a very broad synthetic scope for preparation of functionalized hetero‐ and isocyclic compounds having a tertiary fluorine substituent.
Preparation of agcl/polyaniline nanocomposite in polyvinylalcohol matrix and its electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Fathalipour Soghra , Massoumi Bakhshali
Published: June 2015

AgCl/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix via a two‐stage process. Firstly, positively‐charged Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared in the presence of 4‐aminothiophenole (4‐ATP) as stabilizer. Then, polymerization of aniline was carried out in PVA matrix in the presence of Ag NPs, HCl, and ammonium persulfate as oxidant. HCl solution played an important role in the preparation of resulted nanocomposite. Removal or changing of acidic medium to camphorsulfonic acid influenced on the structure and morphology of obtained composites. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, AgCl/PANI/PVA nanocomposite was immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode and showed enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of dopamine (DA) in a neutral solution. The peak currents of differential pulse voltammograms of DA increased linearly with concentration in the ranges of 80–250 μM DA and the detection limit for DA was 17.2 μM. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42366.
Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene/modified basalt fabric composites
Authors: Guo Jing , Mu Siyang , Yu Chunfang , Hu Chengnv , Guan Fucheng , Zhang Hong , Gong Yumei
Published: June 2015

Basalt fabric (BF) was first treated with silane coupling agent KH550, modified basalt fabric (MBF) was obtained. Then MBF were molded with polypropylene (PP) matrix, and polypropylene/modified basalt fabrics (PP/MBF) composites were obtained. The influence of concentration and treating time of KH550 on MBF were characterized by hydrophilicity and lipophilicity. The tensile strength and morphology of basalt fabric were tested by single filament strength tester and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of composites were measured with electronic universal testing machine and impact testing machine, and the thermal properties were tested by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results showed that the lipophilicity of MBF is improved significantly by KH550 while the tensile is nearly damaged. The mechanical properties of composites are larger than that of pure PP, among which the impact property was improved the most, showing 194.12% enhancement. The thermal stability and dynamic viscoelasticity were better than pure PP; furthermore, the concentration of KH550 virtually had no effect on the thermal stability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42504.
Influences of the phenolic curative content and blend proportions on the properties of dynamically vulcanized natural rubber/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends
Authors: Wongthong Pinyo , Nakason Charoen , Pan Qinmin , Rempel Garry L. , Kiatkamjornwong Suda
Published: June 2015

The vulcanization of natural rubber (NR)‐blended acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) was carried out with a phenolic curing agent by a melt‐mixing process. The NR compound was first prepared before blending with ABS. The effects of the phenolic curative contents (10, 15, and 20 phr) and blend proportions (NR/ABS ratio = 50 : 50, 60 : 40, and 70 : 30) on the mechanical, dynamic, thermal, and morphological properties of the vulcanized NR/ABS blends were investigated. The tensile strength and hardness of the blends increased with increasing ABS content, whereas the elongation at break decreased. The strength property resulting from the thermoplastic component and the vulcanized NR was an essential component for improving the elasticity of the blends. These blends showed a greater elastic response than the neat ABS. The thermal stability of the blends increased with increasing ABS component. Scanning electron micrographs of the blends showed a two‐phase morphology system. The vulcanized 60 : 40 NR/ABS blend with 15‐phr phenolic resin showed a uniform styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile phase dispersed in the vulcanized NR phase; it provided better dispersion between the NR and ABS phases, and this resulted in superior elastic properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42520.
CFD Simulation of Two‐Phase Flow Patterns in the Gas Channel of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Guelli Ulson de Souza Selene M. A. , Mancusi Erasmo , Fontana Éliton , Ulson de Souza Antônio Augusto
Published: June 2015

Water management plays a critical role in the operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The liquid water emerging from the gas diffusion layer (GDL) in the gas flow channel of a PEMFC gives rise to liquid‐phase flow patterns, which affect the fuel cell performance. The role of the surface properties of the GDL was investigated through numerical analysis by varying the hydrophobic characteristic of the GDL. The effect of different channel geometries was also taken into account by considering a classical rectangular channel and a tapered one. Tapering the gas flow channel increases the gas velocity and thus the water removal, but it also raises the pressure drop. The water removal rate is enhanced by an increase in the hydrophobic properties of the wall.
Photochemical Micro Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles of the Platinum Group
Authors: Hafermann Lars , Köhler J. Michael
Published: June 2015

The photochemical synthesis of small metal nanoparticles (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir) was transmitted into a micro segmented flow process to control all aspects of the reaction. Solutions of noble metal salt, a photoinitiator, and a stabilizer were combined in a cross mixer and transferred in micro fluid segments. The start and termination of the photoinitiation, and thus the reduction of the noble metal salt, are defined by the entrance and the exit of fluid segments into the UV‐ray of the irradiation source. The time of irradiation can be controlled by the flow rate. As a result, noble metal nanoparticles with comparatively high size homogeneity were obtained. The small nanoparticles are suitable as seed particles for the formation of larger particles with adjustable diameter.
Heat shock protein 60 levels in tissue and circulating exosomes in human large bowel cancer before and after ablative surgery
Authors: Campanella Claudia , Rappa Francesca , Sciumè Carmelo , Marino Gammazza Antonella , Barone Rosario , Bucchieri Fabio , David Sabrina , Curcurù Giuseppe , Caruso Bavisotto Celeste , Pitruzzella Alessandro , Geraci Girolamo , Modica Giuseppe , Farina Felicia , Zummo Giovanni , Fais Stefano , Conway de Macario Everly , Macario Alberto J.L. , Cappello Francesco
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a chaperonin involved in tumorigenesis, but its participation in tumor development and progression is not well understood and its value as a tumor biomarker has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, the authors presented evidence supporting the theory that Hsp60 has potential as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target in patients with large bowel cancer.

METHODS

The authors studied a population of 97 subjects, including patients and controls. Immunomorphology, Western blot analysis, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were performed on tissue specimens. Exosomes were isolated from blood and characterized by electron microscopy, biochemical tests, and Western blot analysis.

RESULTS

Hsp60 was found to be increased in cancerous tissue, in which it was localized in the tumor cell plasma membrane, and in the interstitium associated with cells of the immune system, in which it was associated with exosomes liberated by tumor cells and, as such, circulated in the blood. An interesting finding was that these parameters returned to normal shortly after tumor removal.

CONCLUSIONS

The data from the current study suggested that Hsp60 is a good candidate for theranostics applied to patients with large bowel carcinoma and encourage similar research among patients with other tumors in which Hsp60 has been implicated. Cancer 2015;121:3230–3239. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Propeller‐Shaped D3h‐Symmetric Macrocycles with Three 1,8‐Diazaanthracene Blades as Building Blocks for Photochemically Induced Growth Reactions
Authors: Servalli Marco , Gyr Luzia , Sakamoto Junji , Schlüter A. Dieter
Published: June 2015

The efficient synthesis of new D3h‐symmetric propeller‐shaped, double‐decker compounds with three vertically standing diazaanthracene units arranged so as to allow for photochemically induced intermolecular growth reaction by [4+4] cycloaddition is presented. The propellers bear alkyl chains of four different lengths (ethyl, propyl, hexyl, dodecyl) to have flexibility in creating ordered arrays by packing them into single crystals, onto solid substrates or into mesophases. All propellers are obtained in only six steps and on a 50–200 mg scale. The sequence passes through the ditriflated 1,8‐diazaanthracene derivatives 6 which are a very versatile building block for many purposes and were therefore synthesized on a 30 g scale.
The Ortho Effect on the Acidic and Alkaline Hydrolysis of Substituted Formanilides
Authors: Desai Salil Dileep , Kirsch Lee E.
Published: June 2015

The kinetics of formanilides hydrolysis were determined under first‐order conditions in hydrochloric acid (0.01–8 M, 20–60°C) and in hydroxide solutions (0.01–3 M, 25 and 40°C). Under acidic conditions, second‐order specific acid catalytic constants were used to construct Hammett plots. The ortho effect was analyzed using the Fujita–Nishioka method. In alkaline solutions, hydrolysis displayed both first‐ and second‐order dependence in the hydroxide concentration. The specific base catalytic constants were used to construct Hammett plots. Ortho effects were evaluated for the first‐order dependence on the hydroxide concentration. Formanilide hydrolyzes in acidic solutions by specific acid catalysis, and the kinetic study results were consistent with the AAC2 mechanism. Ortho substitution led to a decrease in the rates of reaction due to steric inhibition of resonance, retardation due to steric bulk, and through space interactions. The primary hydrolytic pathway in alkaline solutions was consistent with a modified BAC2 mechanism. The Hammett plots for hydrolysis of meta‐ and para‐substituted formanilides in 0.10 M sodium hydroxide solutions did not show substituent effects; however, ortho substitution led to a decrease in rate constants proportional to the steric bulk of the substituent.
Histopathology of idiopathic lateral skull base defects
Authors: Remenschneider Aaron K. , Kozin Elliott D. , Curtin Hugh , Santos Felipe
Published: June 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

The objective of this study was to utilize techniques of otopathology to gain insight into the pathogenesis, sites of origin, and associated findings in idiopathic lateral skull base defects.

Study Design

Histopathologic analysis of temporal bones from an otopathology repository.

Methods

Specimens from a human temporal bone repository were investigated for clinical or otopathologic evidence of occult bony dehiscence indicating communication between the subarachnoid space and air cells of the temporal bone. Specimens were examined by light microscopy, organized by fistula site, and histopathologically described. Premortem patient demographics and clinical history was reviewed.

Results

Specimens from 52 individuals met inclusion criteria. Three distinct fistula pathways were determined: transdural, labyrinthine, and perilabyrinthine. Transdural fistulae occur most commonly as the result of arachnoid granulations along the middle or posterior fossa dura (n = 30) and are frequently incidental findings in specimens of older individuals (median age at death: 81 years). Labyrinthine fistulae (n = 10) were noted with cochlear malformations when modiolar atresia permits cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow into a common intracochlear scala and oval window perilymphatic fistula results. Perilabyrinthine fistulae (n = 7) were observed through three congenitally unfused tracts: the tympanomeningeal fissure, the petromastoid canal, or an extension of the subarachnoid space into the fallopian canal.

Conclusions

Idiopathic lateral skull base defects occur in three distinct anatomic locations with consistent histopathologic findings. In the absence of clear radiographic localization, patient age and associated cochlear defects may assist in the determination of the site of CSF leak. These data have implications for surgical approaches of CSF fistula repair.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 125:1798–1806, 2015
The Role of Context Intensity and Working Memory Capacity in the Consumer's Processing of Brand Information in Entertainment Media
Authors: Rumpf Christopher , Noël Benjamin , Breuer Christoph , Memmert Daniel
Published: June 2015

Despite the increasing use of entertainment media such as movies, sport telecasts, or video games as a way to get in touch with consumers, the understanding of the cognitive processing of brand information in these environments is still limited. This current research investigates the role of two moderating factors on brand information processing in entertainment media: Context intensity and working memory capacity. Context intensity relates to the perceived level of excitement in a communication environment, while working memory capacity indicates a consumer's ability to control his or her cognitive resources. The results of an experimental laboratory study reveal that context intensity negatively affects visual attention for brand information (i.e., intensity attention assumption), while working memory capacity has a positive influence on memory for brands (i.e., capacity memory assumption). These findings hold important implications for marketing management: First, managers should place brand information in situations where context intensity is rather low in order to facilitate the target group's visual attention. Second, the frequency and duration of brand information should be adjusted to the target group's ability to cognitively process such information.
Bacillus cereus causing widespread necrotising skin infection in a diabetic person
Authors: Michelotti Flurina , Bodansky H Jonathan
Published: June 2015

Bacillus cereus is a Gram‐positive aerobic bacterium recognised for causing toxin‐mediated gastrointestinal infections. We report a unique case of B. cereus cutaneous infection causing extensive skin necrosis in a person with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Examination revealed erythema, pitting oedema and right ankle tenderness. Elevated inflammatory markers supported a diagnosis of cellulitis, and intravenous flucloxacillin was initiated as per local hospital guidelines. Clinical response was poor with the development of spreading cellulitis, desquamated blisters and superficial necrosis. In response to swab culture and sensitivity results, vancomycin was commenced resulting in gradual resolution.

Cutaneous necrotising B. cereus infection in a diabetic patient is unusual. The only other reported case was of a necrotising fasciitis affecting the arm, resulting in tissue loss. The challenge lies in recognising this atypical pathogen and initiating sensitive antimicrobial therapy which includes vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and novel agents such as linezolid. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
Functionalization of soy fatty acid alkyl esters as bioplasticizers
Authors: Kandula Subbarao , Stolp Lucas , Grass Michael , Woldt Benjamin , Kodali Dharma
Published: June 2015

The combination of various functional groups, such as epoxy, acetoxy, methoxy, thiirane, and aziridine, on the fatty acyl chain of soy fatty acid alkyl esters have been synthesized and evaluated as plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) applications. Numerous synthetic procedures, such as epoxidation, methoxylation, acetylation, thiiration, and aziridination, were used for synthesizing multifunctional soy fatty acid alkyl esters. Epoxidized soybean oil fatty acid alkyl ester served as the key intermediate for functionalization. Partial or complete ring opening of the epoxide by reacting with methanol and the subsequent etherification or acetylation of the hydroxyl function produced epoxy, alkoxy, and acetoxy derivatives. The nucleophilic substitution of epoxide with sulfur by reacting with ammonium thiocyanate produced thiirane and epoxy thiiranes. Although the aziridine derivatives were synthesized by reacting unsaturated fatty acid alkyl esters with chloramine‐T, the compounds were fully characterized and their physical and analytical properties were determined. The high viscosity and darker color of aziridine and thiirane derivatives limit their usefulness, whereas the physical properties of the other derivatives were acceptable. The plasticizer evaluation of methoxy and acetoxy soy fatty acid esters (methyl and n‐butyl) demonstrated good compatibility with PVC, high efficiency (Shore hardness), and gelling properties were comparable to commercial plasticizer, di‐isoonyl phthalate. The abundant availability and cost‐effectiveness of starting materials and the readily adoptable chemical processes make the fatty acid ester derivatives viable bioplasticizers to replace the fossil fuel‐derived phthalates. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:93–105, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
The Canadian National EMS Research Agenda: Impact and Feasibility of Implementation of Previously Generated Recommendations
Authors: Jensen JL , Blanchard IE , Bigham BL , Carter AJE , Brown R , Socha D , Brown LH , Travers AH , Craig AM , Morrison LJ
Published: June 2015

Background

A recent mixed-methods study on the state of emergency medical services (EMS) research in Canada led to the generation of nineteen actionable recommendations. As part of the dissemination plan, a survey was distributed to EMS stakeholders to determine the anticipated impact and feasibility of implementing these recommendations in Canadian systems.

Methods

An online survey explored both the implementation impact and feasibility for each recommendation using a five-point scale. The sample consisted of participants from the Canadian National EMS Research Agenda study (published in 2013) and additional EMS research stakeholders identified through snowball sampling. Responses were analysed descriptively using median and plotted on a matrix. Participants reported any planned or ongoing initiatives related to the recommendations, and required or anticipated resources. Free text responses were analysed with simple content analysis, collated by recommendation.

Results

The survey was sent to 131 people, 94 (71.8%) of whom responded: 30 EMS managers/regulators (31.9%), 22 researchers (23.4%), 15 physicians (16.0%), 13 educators (13.8%), and 5 EMS providers (5.3%). Two recommendations (11%) had a median impact score of 4 (of 5) and feasibility score of 4 (of 5). Eight recommendations (42%) had an impact score of 5, with a feasibility score of 3. Nine recommendations (47%) had an impact score of 4 and a feasibility score of 3.

Conclusions

For most recommendations, participants scored the anticipated impact higher than the feasibility to implement. Ongoing or planned initiatives exist pertaining to all recommendations except one. All of the recommendations will require additional resources to implement.
Counseling at a Seizure Clinic Does Not Ensure Disclosure to the Transportation Registry
Authors: Siddiqi Maria , Jirsch Jeffrey
Published: June 2015

Background:The effectiveness of current self-reporting driving laws for medically-unfit potential seizure patients is unknown in Canada. We designed a prospective cohort study of patients’ self-reporting practices to the local Transportation Registry (TR) and their driving behaviors following detailed counselling at a seizure clinic in a discretionary physician-reporting jurisdiction.Methods:Medically unfit drivers, referred to our seizure clinic, who had a valid driver’s permit at the time of their episode of impaired consciousness were included. Patients’ self-reporting and driving behaviours were assessed using a standardized interview prior to a neurologist’s counseling and later at a follow-up visit.Results:Sixty three patients were included; 77% were diagnosed as having had a seizure at the time of their referral. Prior to their seizure clinic visit, 3/63 (5%) had been counseled to self-report to the TR by a non-neurologist physician, and none had done so. Following a neurologist’s documented counseling 34/63 (54%) had self-reported themselves at the follow-up seizure clinic visit, and 53/63 (84%) were not driving.Conclusion:This prospective study design is the first in North America to examine self-reporting rates for unfit drivers with a seizure disorder. Our findings suggest that self-reporting laws do not ensure high rates of self-reporting behaviors even when patients seen at a seizure clinic are appropriately counseled of their legal obligations. The rate of driving cessation appears greater than the rate of self-reporting to the TR among counseled patients.
A Method for Computerizing the Choreographic Process and Its Place in the Modern Dance World
Authors: Clarance Annabel
Published: June 2015

In the world of modern dance, people are constantly looking for new and different ways to explore the choreographic process and how dance can be related to other academic disciplines. Recently there have been great strides made to connect modern dance and the world of mathematics. “Synchronous objects” is a study that was done at Ohio State University where a choreographed dance was converted into easily manipulated data, thus bringing significant advances to the math–dance connection. However, this study was a one-way transaction, from dance to data. It leaves mathematicians everywhere wondering how to transform their knowledge of formulas into an expression of the body. To satisfy the urges of these dance-minded mathematicians, we have developed two methods of creating choreography from a simple fractal formula. The first method uses fractal landscapes as a coordinate map of the stage and Labanotation as the translation key (the reverse of the synchronous objects project), and the second uses the basic Labanotation figures as the “objects” with which fractals are generated. These methods, stemming completely from a computer algorithm, will allow people not well versed in dance to create new and exciting pieces of choreography by making simple decisions about the fractal equation.
Nordic Folk Dances as Imaginary Geographies
Authors: Hoppu Petri
Published: June 2015

Geography is a feature that typically belongs to the realm of folk dance. Folk dances are often defined as belonging to a certain region, and it is seldom they are considered a result of artistic creativity. In the Nordic countries, folk dancers have co-operated intensively since the early twentieth century, sharing dances with each other. In this presentation, I am arguing that this co-operation has created imaginative geographies of the Nordic region, filled not with landscapes, terrains, or water systems, but with movements, holds, and music. As an example, I will present two Nordic folk dance books from the 1960s. In these books, dances are attached to certain geographical areas, which is not merely contextual information but also entails stylistic features of a specific dance. Most dances are connected to a certain parish, and in some cases the province is mentioned, as well. In practice, for most folk dancers, the names of the areas do not have much significance as material domain, but they are elements of a map of a danced region, and as such the dances are a part of imaginative geographies, performed spaces. Following the British geographer Derek Gregory, I see folk dances as a continuation of performances that necessarily creates novelty, which allows one to experience spaces differently. The books are danced atlases presenting the Nordic region as a series of performed spaces. They address how the Nordic region has been represented in a danced form, emphasizing affiliation and unity, as well as distinction and disjointedness.
The Polska: Featuring Swedish in Finland
Authors: Hoppu Petri
Published: June 2015

The paper examines the Swedish polska as a special case of movementscape in Finnish folk dance. The research is based on ethnographic fieldwork among Finnish folk dancers in 2013. Since the 1970s, the polska has been popular in Swedish folk dance, and this versatile dance form can be seen as emblematic to Swedish folk dance culture. During the last 30 years, Finnish folk dance groups have also eagerly adopted it: not only the dance itself, but a whole new style and embodiment of dancing with improvisation as an important element. Although there have been vernacular polska forms in Finland, as well, and folk dancers have danced them for decades, they have not been able to reach any higher status. Although Finnish folk dancers have adopted dances from other Nordic countries since the early twentieth century, the popularity of Swedish polska exceeds that of any earlier Nordic innovations in Finland.
The Economy of West African Dance in Italy
Authors: Brazzale Claudia
Published: June 2015

Over the past decade, so-called African dance has become increasingly popular in Italy, growing in tandem with local West African diasporic communities and the national concern over immigration. Although the circulation of African dance provides West African migrants with an important form of self-identification and subsistence, it often revolves around problematic discourses rooted on the myth and romance with the primitive. Constructing and capitalizing on the fetishization of black bodies, African dance mobilizes complex economies of desire that rest on an orientalist fascination with the Other. While these economies reify racist stereotypes, they also enable significant communities of knowledge and interracial encounters.