bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training volume increases or maintenance based on previous volume: the effects on muscular adaptations in trained males
Authors: Barsuhn Andrew , Wadhi Tanuj , Murphy Alan , Zazzo Spencer , Thompson Baron , Barakat Christopher , Bradshaw Josh , Walters Joseph , Andersen Jody C. , Schoenfeld Brad Jon , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , De Souza Eduardo Oliveira
Published: December 2024

Increasing previous resistance training volume by 30% (G30), 60% (G60), or maintenance (CON) on muscular adaptations in trained individuals. Interestingly, CON group resulted in the greatest overall 1RM strength, whereas G30 showed the highest increase in repetitions to failure, with no differences between groups in muscle mass size. These findings suggest that more is not always better for muscle adaptations in a trained cohort, highlighting muscle growth across a wide range of weekly set numbers.
A Study on Bacterial Etiology and Histopathology Associated With Hemorrhagic Disease in American Shad Alosa sapidissima
Authors: Chen Kai , Li Jinlong , Zheng Yao , Shao Nailin , Xi Bingwen , Xie Jun
Published: December 2024

American shad Alosa sapidissima is an important exotic farmed fish species in China. Recently, skin ulcers associated with significant morbidity and mortality have severely affected American shad culture in Spring. In this study, a bacterial strain C8 was isolated from diseased A. sapidissima and was identified as A. hydrophila based on traditional phenotypic typing and 16S rDNA sequence analyses. Drug susceptibility test revealed the isolate was sensitive to Quinolones and Amphenicols but resistance to Aminoglycosides, Sulfonamides, and Tetracyclines. Experimental infection with the isolate C8 showed the typical symptoms of acute sepsis caused by A. hydrophila infection and 100% mortality. Histopathological observation revealed that substantial inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in the skin lesion of diseased fish, and extensive degenerative and necrosis was observed in the parenchymal cells of the liver and kidney. This study is the first report on the histopathology of cultured A. sapidissima caused by A. hydrophila and provides useful information for health management.
A Scientometric Review Summarizing the Impact of Nanomaterials on the Fresh, Hardened, and Durability Properties of Cement‐Based Materials
Authors: Khan Shayan Ali , Amjad Hassan , Ahmad Farhan , Khan Hammad Anis
Published: December 2024

Nanomaterials have emerged as a revolutionary force in the realm of cement‐based materials (CBMs), opening new horizons for the construction industry. This comprehensive review delves into the synthesis, dispersion mechanisms, and profound impacts of nanomaterials on the properties of CBMs. This paper explores the synthesis and dispersion of nanomaterials, shedding light on the diverse techniques used to synthesize nanoscale particles for specific applications in CBMs. It emphasizes the significance of achieving consistent dispersion to fully harness the potential of these materials. In the following section, our focus shifts to the transformative impact of nanomaterials on various aspects of CBMs. Notably, nanomodified CBMs experience significant improvements in their hydration kinetics, mechanical characteristics, rheological properties, and thermal resistance, all of which are discussed in detail. Moreover, self‐healing cementitious composites employing nanomaterials offer innovative strategies for addressing remedies for structural deterioration with time. While the potential of nanomaterials is promising, it is crucial to exercise caution due to concerns about potential health risks. While nanomaterials have shown promise in enhancing the mechanical properties of cementitious materials, future research endeavors will focus on their potential to create multifunctional concrete with applications extending beyond simple load‐bearing capacity. This study concludes with a look into the future, imagining the inclusion of nanomaterials into civil infrastructure applications such as 3D printing, sustainable construction, and smart materials.
Primary Esophageal Rhabdomyosarcoma: An Exceptionally Rare Cause of Pediatric Dysphagia
Authors: Ataollahi Maryam , Mashhadiagha Amirali , Karbasian Fereshteh , Moshfeghinia Reza , Arabpour Javad , Geramizadeh Bita
Published: December 2024

Background: Esophageal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS), a rare pediatric cancer, mimicked achalasia in a case involving dysphagia and vomiting. Diagnosis and chemotherapy necessitate careful monitoring due to potential complications.

Case presentation: A 12‐year‐old girl with no prior medical history presented with progressive dysphagia and vomiting. Initial diagnosis suggested achalasia, but further evaluation revealed a large mediastinal mass causing esophageal compression. Biopsies confirmed primary ERMS of the esophagus with metastases. Despite chemotherapy, she developed complications, including neutropenic enterocolitis and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Unfortunately, she succumbed to neutropenic sepsis.

Conclusion: In this case study, we presented our experience regarding the clinical course of this disease, treatment strategy, and prognosis, in addition to the limited previous information in the literature.
A Rare Case of Functional Metastatic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma With Concomitant Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Chin Yun Ann , Sumbul Zaheer , Teh Yi Lin , Chng Chiaw Ling
Published: December 2024

We report a case of a 60‐year‐old lady with metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) who was presented with thyrotoxicosis and heart failure symptoms after total thyroidectomy. Clinical features and investigations led to the diagnosis of functional metastatic FTC with concomitant thyrotoxicosis. Levothyroxine therapy was stopped, and she was treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) followed by serial radioiodine treatments (RAITs) with good control of thyrotoxicosis and metastases. Despite having a very high disease burden with metastatic FTC, she has been able to maintain her functional status thus far, 4.5 years after initial diagnosis.
Using Controlled Thermostatic Loads in Buildings as Auxiliary Services to the Power Grid: An Investigation With Thoroughly Simulated Case Study
Authors: Ullah Zahid , Ullah Kaleem , Gruosso Giambattista
Published: December 2024

The massive integration of renewable energy sources poses increased power generation fluctuations, necessitating enhanced regulation capacities to maintain a power balance in supply and demand. Beyond conventional generators, advanced information and communication technologies offer an alternative approach, utilizing flexible loads, mainly thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) of buildings for grid regulation services. TCLs garner significant attention due to their unique thermal inertia capability in demand response (DR) programs. However, to manage the distributed TCLs effectively, it is vital to study the performance of the aggregator, which acts as a bridge between the grid operator and end‐users and thus assumes a pivotal role in the management of TCLs. This paper extensively reviews and compares fundamental technologies inherent to TCLs within the context of DR applications, covering basic models, response modes, control techniques, dispatch models, and strategies. Further, the review explores these critical aspects and addresses current challenges and potential prospects. Moreover, as an illustration, the study has developed and analyzed a comprehensive model of the automatic generation control (AGC) system to integrate TCLs for power balancing services in large‐scale wind energy‐integrated power systems. A power dispatch strategy has been designed for the AGC model to integrate the loading capacities of TCLs in providing grid ancillary services. The designed dispatch strategy prioritizes utilizing TCL capacity over conventional generating units, reducing the overall operation cost, and decreasing the grid’s dependency on conventional power plans. DigSilent PowerFactory software was used to obtain the simulation results, demonstrating the significant efficacy of aggregated TCL response in actively contributing to power support during grid balancing services.
Evaluation of microRNA‐10a and microRNA‐210 as Biomarkers in Sepsis Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Susianti Hani , Sutrisnani Catur Suci , Santosa I.P. Adi , Febrianto Wahyu , Kusdjianto Amanda Yuanita , Kuwoyo Kevin Putro , Riyu Elita
Published: December 2024

Background: Sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a condition that increases in‐hospital mortality and the risk of progression to CKD. The current method of detecting AKI, which relies on increased serum creatinine levels or a decrease in urine output, has low sensitivity. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention in AKI can lead to improved patient outcomes. Several low molecular weight proteins and microRNAs detected in AKI are considered early biomarkers of AKI, such as miR‐10a‐5p and miR‐210‐3p.

Method: A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 62 participants, consisting of 26 sepsis patients with AKI, 26 sepsis patients without AKI, and 10 healthy controls. AKI was determined according to KDIGO criteria. MicroRNA expression was analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Statistical analysis was obtained using the Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and ROC curve analysis.

Result: The median miR‐10a‐5p expression of the healthy controls versus sepsis with AKI versus sepsis without AKI groups was 10.38 (5.50–33.82) versus 10.32 (3.32–31.53) versus 9.76 (0.32–97.36), while the median miR‐210‐3p expression was 0.20 (0.03–0.41) versus 0.38 (0.04–1.24) versus 0.29 (0.06–1.67), respectively, with p = 0.721 for miR‐10a‐5p and p = 0.013 for miR‐210‐3 p. A significant increase in miR‐210‐3p expression was found in the sepsis with AKI compared to the healthy controls (p = 0.013) and sepsis without AKI (p = 0.034). miR‐210‐3p significantly correlated with creatinine and urea serum level (p < 0.05); miR‐10a‐5p did not have a significant correlation. The sensitivity and specificity of miR‐10a‐5p were 61.5% and 47.2%, and miR‐210‐3p were 84.6% and 63.9% for determining AKI.

Conclusion: The study’s findings revealed a significant increase in miR‐210‐3p expression in sepsis patients with AKI, indicating its potential as a promising biomarker for determining AKI. This discovery demonstrates that the diagnostic performance of miR‐210‐3p surpasses that of miR‐10a‐5p, providing a more accurate biomarker for diagnosing AKI in sepsis patients.
Antiplasmodial Activity of Probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum YZ01 in Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infected BALB/c Mice
Authors: Bamgbose Timothy , Quadri Afshana , Abdullahi Isa O. , Inabo Helen I. , Bello Mohammed , Kori Lokesh D. , Anvikar Anupkumar R. , Fuente José de la , Piloto-Sardiñas Elianne , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro
Published: December 2024

Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, with the deadliest infections caused by Plasmodium falciparum. In light of the escalating drug resistance and the limited effectiveness of available vaccines, innovative treatment approaches are urgently needed. This study explores the potential of the probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum YZ01, isolated from traditionally fermented kindirmo milk, to modify host responses to Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Twenty‐five male BALB/c mice were grouped and administered various treatments, including probiotic‐enriched yogurt alone or in combination with antibiotics. Parameters assessed included gut lactic acid bacteria (LAB) composition, parasitaemia progression, survival rates, and immune response dynamics over a 21‐day postinfection period. The probiotic treatment significantly altered gut microbiota, evidenced by increased LAB counts and modulated immune responses, notably enhancing IgM and IL‐4 production while reducing IFN‐γ levels. Mice receiving prolonged probiotic treatment exhibited delayed parasitaemia onset, reduced mortality rates, and a more robust immune response compared to control groups. These outcomes suggest that probiotic intervention not only tempers the pathological effects of malaria but also enhances host resilience against infection. This study underscores the role of gut microbiota in infectious disease pathogenesis and supports probiotics as a promising adjunct therapy for malaria management.
A RFLP 1‐4‐3 L1C Variant of PRRSV‐2 Isolated in Sichuan Province, China: Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity
Authors: Deng Li-Shuang , Jian Zhi-Jie , Wang Yuan-Meng , Huang Bing-Zhou , Xu Tong , Li Feng-Qin , Lai Si-Yuan , Ai Yan-Ru , Huang Jian-Bo , Xu Zhi-Wen , Zhu Ling
Published: December 2024

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), known for causing reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory issues in piglets, poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. Since its initial report in 2013, the L1C (lineage 1.8/NADC30‐like) PRRSV has drawn significant attention in China due to its high recombination potential and diverse pathogenicity. This study focuses on a naturally occurring recombinant L1C variant, SCABTC‐202302, characterized by an restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern of 1‐4‐3. We investigate the strain’s genetic evolution, recombination, pathogenicity, and immune and antibody responses. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF5 (open reading frame) gene classified the SCABTC‐202302 strain as lineage 8.7, while whole‐genome analysis categorized it as L1C. Notably, a discontinuous deletion of 131 amino acids (AAs) was observed in the NSP2 gene, along with specific AA mutations in ORF5. Recombination analysis revealed the NADC30 strain as the primary parent, with contributions from the JXA1 strain in the ORF2‐ORF7 region. The strain caused lung and lymph node damage, sustained high‐level viremia, and elevated inflammatory factors in infected piglets. Our study provides valuable insights into the genetic characteristics, pathogenicity, and immunological profile of L1C strains, contributing to the development of vaccines and control measures for PRRSV.
Predisposition Footprints in the Somatic Genome of Wilms Tumors
Authors: Treger Taryn D. , Wegert Jenny , Wenger Anna , Coorens Tim H.H. , Al-Saadi Reem , Kemps Paul G. , Kennedy Jonathan , Parks Conor , Anderson Nathaniel D. , Hodder Angus , Letunovska Aleksandra , Jung Hyunchul , Ogbonnah Toochi , Trinh Mi K. , Lee-Six Henry , Morcrette Guillaume , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Drost Jarno , van Boxtel Ruben , Bertrums Eline J.M. , Goemans Bianca F. , Antoniou Evangelia , Reinhardt Dirk , Streitenberger Heike , Ziegler Barbara , Bartram Jack , Hutchinson John C. , Vujanic Gordan M. , Vokuhl Christian , Chowdhury Tanzina , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Graf Norbert , Pritchard-Jones Kathy , Gessler Manfred , Behjati Sam
Published: December 2024

Approximately 10% of children with cancer harbor a mutation in a predisposition gene. In children with the kidney cancer Wilms tumor, the prevalence is as high as 30%. Certain predispositions are associated with defined histological and clinical features, suggesting differences in tumorigenesis. To investigate this, we assembled a cohort of 137 children with Wilms tumor, of whom 71 had a pathogenic germline or mosaic variant. We examined 237 neoplasms (including two secondary leukemias), utilizing whole-genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and genome-wide methylation, validating our findings in an independent cohort. Tumor development differed in children harboring a predisposition, depending on the variant gene and its developmental timing. Differences pervaded the repertoire of driver events, including high-risk mutations, the clonal architecture of normal kidneys, and the relatedness of neoplasms from the same individual. Our findings indicate that predisposition may preordain Wilms tumorigenesis, suggesting a variant-specific approach to managing children merits consideration.

Significance: Tumors that arise in children with a cancer predisposition may develop through the same mutational pathways as sporadic tumors. We examined this question in the childhood kidney cancer, Wilms tumor. We found that certain predispositions dictate the genetic development of tumors, with clinical implications for these children.

See related commentary by Brzezinski and Malkin, p. 258
The C5a/C5aR1 Axis Promotes Migration of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells to Lymph Nodes, Impairing the Anticancer Immune Response
Authors: Senent Yaiza , Remírez Ana , Repáraz David , Llopiz Diana , Celias Daiana P. , Sainz Cristina , Entrialgo-Cadierno Rodrigo , Suarez Lucia , Rouzaut Ana , Alignani Diego , Tavira Beatriz , Lambris John D. , Woodruff Trent M. , de Andrea Carlos E. , Ruffell Brian , Sarobe Pablo , Ajona Daniel , Pio Ruben
Published: December 2024

The precise mechanisms by which the complement system contributes to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and promotes tumor progression remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of complement C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) in human and mouse cancer-associated dendritic cells (DC). First, we observed an overexpression of C5aR1 in tumor-infiltrating DCs, compared with DCs from the blood or spleen. C5aR1 expression was restricted to type 2 conventional DCs and monocyte-derived DCs, which displayed a tolerogenic phenotype capable of inhibiting T-cell activation and promoting tumor growth. C5aR1 engagement in DCs drove their migration from tumors to tumor-draining lymph nodes, where C5a levels were higher. We used this knowledge to optimize an anticancer therapy aimed at enhancing DC activity. In three syngeneic tumor models, C5aR1 inhibition significantly enhanced the efficacy of poly I:C, a Toll-like receptor 3 agonist, in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. The contribution of C5aR1 inhibition to the antitumor activity of the combination treatment relied on type 1 conventional DCs and antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, required lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs, and was associated with an increase in IFNγ signaling. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of the C5a/C5aR1 axis in the biology of cancer-associated DCs and provides compelling evidence for the therapeutic potential of modulating the complement system to enhance DC-mediated immune responses against tumors.
Dynamics of Immune Reconstitution and Impact on Outcomes across CAR-T Cell Products in Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Luan Danny , DeWolf Susan , Fei Teng , Raj Sandeep , Shah Gunjan L. , Lareau Caleb A. , Alhomoud Mohammad , Salles Gilles , Rivas-Delgado Alfredo , Rejeski Kai , Park Jae H. , Luttwak Efrat , Luna de Abia Alejandro , Corona Magdalena , Ntrivalas Evangelos , Cassanello Giulio , Gomez-Llobell Marina , Parascondola Allison , Scordo Michael , Hsu Katharine C. , Palomba M. Lia , Perales Miguel-Angel , Shouval Roni
Published: December 2024

Patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy are subject to profound immunosuppression. Dynamics of immune reconstitution (IR) and impacts of IR on outcomes following infusion across CAR-T products are not well understood. In this study, we profiled IR in 263 patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma receiving CAR-T therapy (axicabtagene ciloleucel 44.9%, lisocabtagene maraleucel 30.4%, and tisagenlecleucel 24.7%). Following infusion, patients remain persistently immunosuppressed, with 48.1% having CD4+ T-cell counts <200/µL and the median CD3-CD19+ B-cell counts remaining zero through 1 year after CAR-T therapy. IR differences exist by product, with the fastest CD4+ T-cell recovery seen for tisagenlecleucel, driven primarily by more rapid recovery of the CD4+CCR7−CD45RA− effector memory subset. NK cell, but not CD4+ T cell, recovery is significantly associated with favorable progression-free (HR, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.88) and overall survival (HR, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.44–0.92) and inversely correlated with inflammatory markers measured at the time of infusion.

Significance:

This study reveals differences in IR patterns after CAR-T therapy in patients with large B-cell lymphoma, with early NK cell recovery emerging as a key predictor of survival. These findings provide potential future avenues of research for improving patient outcomes and tailoring post-therapy management strategies to mitigate relapse risk.
Delimitando o humano: João de Loureiro, Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira e o debate sobre as fronteiras entre seres humanos e outros animais na segunda metade do século XVIII
Authors: Ferreira Breno Leal
Published: December 2024

The article aims to analyze the participation of João de Loureiro and Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, both Lusophone naturalists from the second half of the 18th century, in the debate that sought to define the human being and establish its differences from other animals (“natural history of man”). Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, some authors argued that humans were radically different from the so-called “orang-outang”, a term used by Europeans to describe the great apes they knew at the time (chimpanzees and orangutans). Others contested the existence of such rigid boundaries between them. In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae (1758), Linnaeus introduced Homo troglodytes as an intermediate human species between Homo sapiens and the genus Simia. Buffon, on the other hand, argued for a significant distinction between humans and any other animal. For him, Linnaeus’ Troglodytes also included monkeys. The intention is to demonstrate how Loureiro and Ferreira adopted Buffon's conceptions to criticize elements of Linnaeus's understanding of man: Loureiro sought to refute the idea of different species of men, while Ferreira opposed the idea of the existence of the tailed men – the Homo caudatus. Both criticized as fanciful the narratives claiming the existence of offspring resulting from the crossing of humans and apes. Furthermore, the article highlights the central role of visual representations in the discussions on the subject.
As propostas físico-territoriais para industrialização do Eixo Oeste do Paraná na década de 1970
Authors: Soares Karen Alessandra Solek , Cordovil Fabíola Castelo de Souza
Published: December 2024

The article proposes reflection on the territorial scope of industrial planning incorporated in government proposals for the Western Axis of Paraná in the 1970s. The Federal and State intentions - the first aiming to implement a nation project and the second seeking to develop its competitive potential - they brought a new territorial organization to the region, with the installation of the Itaipu Binational Hydroelectric Plant, changing population and economic relations in the space urban and regional. The article is developed based on documentary analysis, presenting an overview of the justifications contained in development, integrartion and industrialization plans. The various projects and long periods of international diplomatic discussions, in addition to the different internal views on industrialization proposals, point to alignments and misalignments between federal and state guidelines, with physical-territorial consequences on the hierarchy of the network of cities in Western Paraná, Brazil.
América Latina anos 70: desenvolvimento(s) e desenvolvimentismo(s) na encruzilhada
Authors: Botas Nilce Aravecchia
Published: December 2024

This essay is part of a more extensive work that seeks to understand architecture and urbanism, and more precisely the formation of the field of urban planning in Latin America, in relation to economic planning and development issues. The social thought that converged on ECLAC is embraced in its complexity, not only as a source of investigation of themes and objects, but primarily in theoretical-methodological terms. Developmentalism, analyzed through the theoretical framework of historical-structuralism, is employed to contemplate connections between past and future, consciously rejecting criticisms that have been directed at this tradition, in light of determinations imposed today by more crystallized geopolitical structures.
Cape Verde post-independence. Plans and architecture
Authors: Ornstein Sheila Walbe
Published: December 2024

Sem resumo
Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas: panorama de implantação
Authors: Guimarães Denise Alves , Ribeiro Nilciany Aparecida de Sousa , Coelho Vivian Andrade Araújo , Gama Carlos Alberto Pegolo da
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: analizar la implementación de Centros de Atención Psicosocial enfocados al alcohol yotras drogas en una región del territorio nacional. Metodología: recorte temático que integraun estudio transversal sobre la implementación de la Red de Atención Psicosocial en la región,a partir del análisis de información recopilada en bases de datos gubernamentales y consultas ala Coordinación Nacional de Salud Mental. Se consideraron los 853 municipios de la región y luegode organizar los datos en una sola base de datos se produjeron indicadores de implementación dela Red de Atención Psicosocial y de los servicios que la componen. Los valores de los indicadoresse analizaron considerando la cobertura establecida por el Ministerio de Salud y la clasificaciónde las regiones de salud del estado, a partir del desarrollo socioeconómico regional, la ofertay la complejidad de los servicios. Resultados: la región posee buena implementación de Centrosde Atención Psicosocial con 369 unidades. De ellos, los enfocados al alcohol y otras drogasrepresentan 58 unidades y la tasa de implementación de este servicio es de 0,30. Conclusión:el escenario de la implementación de servicios orientados a alcohol y drogas es incipiente en laregión investigada, y se caracteriza por heterogeneidades regionales, hecho que debe orientarestrategias de ampliación y fortalecimiento de estos servicios.
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: 30-Year US Trends and Mortality Risks—Brief Report
Authors: Ji Hongwei , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Matsushita Kunihiro , Cheng Ching-Yu , Rim Tyler Hyungtaek , Sheng Bin , Li Huating , Tham Yih-Chung , Cheng Susan , Wong Tien-Yin
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

The American Heart Association recently published guidelines on how to clinically identify and categorize individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. The extent to which CKM syndrome prevalence and prognosis differ by sex remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the impact of sex on trends in prevalence over 30 years and the long-term prognosis of CKM syndrome in the United States.

METHODS:

We analyzed nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988 to 2018 data collected from 33 868 US adults (aged ≥20 years) who were under surveillance for all-cause mortality through December 31, 2019. We examined the sex-specific prevalence of CKM syndrome and sex-specific CKM associations with all-cause mortality.

RESULTS:

Of the 33 868 adults studied, the mean±SD age was 48.4±18.3 years with 52% women and 56% non-White. Overall prevalence of CKM syndrome increased steadily from 1988 to 2018 in both sexes, with a larger temporal rise in prevalent stage 3 CKM seen for men (from 18.9% to 22.4%) compared with women (from 13.9% to 15.2%). Over a median follow-up of 13.3 years, there were 8745 deaths. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, worsening CKM severity was associated with all-cause mortality (
P
<0.001 for both sexes), with greater magnitudes of risk seen in women (hazards ratio, 1.24–3.33) compared with men (hazards ratio, 0.85–2.60) across all stages (likelihood ratio test χ
2
, 19.0;
P
interaction
<0.001); results were similar for cardiovascular mortality (likelihood ratio test χ
2
, 22.3;
P
interaction
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Women, compared with men, exhibited a lower prevalence of CKM stage 3 but experienced excess mortality risk across the spectrum of multisystem CKM dysfunction. These findings underscore the importance of identifying mechanisms underlying joint cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic system pathophysiology to close a potentially widening sex disparities gap in multiorgan disease risk.
Identifying Best Practices for Improving the Evaluation and Management of Stroke in Rural Lower-Resourced Settings: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Zachrison Kori S. , Asif Kaiz S. , Chapman Sherita , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Leira Enrique C. , Maynard Susan , Nobleza Christa O’Hana S. , Wira Charles R. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Emergency Neurovascular Care and Telestroke Committee of the Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention
Published: December 2024

Considerable variation exists in the delivery of acute stroke care and stroke outcomes across settings and population groups. This is attributable in part to variation in resources among emergency departments in the United States, most notably in rural regions. Structural constraints of the US health care system, including the geographic distribution of where patients live relative to the location of hospitals and certified stroke centers, will continue to mean that many patients with stroke initially present to community emergency departments that have fewer stroke-related resources. These sites also tend to serve populations in rural areas who experience disparities in care and outcomes. Reducing health disparities related to stroke for populations in rural areas requires investment in these more remote community settings as the anchor of the stroke chain of survival for their respective communities. This scientific statement performs a critical appraisal examining challenges in rural stroke care related to access and variation in stroke-related capabilities for the acute phase of care to inform strategies and propose solutions. The scientific statement considers the value of expansion of Acute Stroke Ready Hospital and Primary Stroke Center certification in rural areas, the role of telehealth and improved transfer processes, as well as increased engagement and mentorship from larger, comprehensive centers to the rural hospitals to which they are connected. Multistakeholder collaboration and policy interventions need to be directed to enhance public awareness, impart staff training, grow infrastructure, enhance access to clinical expertise, streamline data management, and implement quality assessment and improvement programs.
Applied Systems Aesthetics: Jack Burnham and Contemporary Video Game Art
Authors: Evans Chaz
Published: December 2024

This paper reviews different attempts to recuperate Jack Burnham’s theoretical framework of systems aesthetics, using software as a metaphor for understanding the neo-avant-garde. Rather than recuperate Burnham’s theory to deepen our understanding of post-formalist art of the 20th century, the author suggests applying the systems aesthetics approach to contemporary video game art. This proposal moves Burnham’s metaphorical analysis of software to a material application that can integrate video game artworks with other art traditions. The author argues that video game art is a cogent cultural context for understanding systems aesthetics in the 21st century and that taking up the systems aesthetics approach is critically important for applying arthistorical work to techno-political matters.
Why Poetry for the Middle-Tang “Poet-Monks”?
Authors: Bender Lucas Rambo
Published: December 2024

This essay asks why monks’ literary pursuits came in the Middle Tang period (roughly 755–825) to be particularly associated with the single genre of shi-poetry 詩. Though monks in China had previously engaged extensively in literary writing and had written significant amounts of shi-poetry, no monk before this period had been labeled a “shi-seng” 詩僧 (“poet-monk”). This essay suggests that this novel Middle-Tang phenomenon reflects the way discourse about literature in general, and key genres of prose in particular, had begun to connect literary writing with a Confucianism increasingly conceptualized in contradistinction to Buddhism. By comparison, discourse focused on shi-poetry partly resisted this Confucianization and preserved features of an earlier vision of literary composition that made room for Buddhist participation.
The Hydrogen Prism: Angles of EU Hydrogen Regulation for Sustainable Mobility
Authors: Pailman Kelsey
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen has been hailed as a fuel of the future, particularly in hard-to-abate fossil fuel intensive sectors, including in the heavy-duty transportation industry. As a result, the promotion of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen has increasingly become a key priority area within the European Union (EU) in support of its goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. The EU Hydrogen Strategy has highlighted that the development of a hydrogen economy will require a fit-for-purpose and enabling regulatory framework. The question then arises as to what role regulation can play in facilitating the adoption of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen fuels in the heavy-duty transportation sector. This article highlights three angles for regulation in this regard, namely: cohesiveness, risk mitigation and compliance. These three angles constitute the ‘Hydrogen Prism’, which refracts and reflects insights on the future regulation of hydrogen for sustainable mobility.
Description of two new species of the genus Scaphomonus Viraktamath, 2009 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from China
Authors: DUAN KETING , XING JICHUN
Published: December 2024

Two new leafhopper species: Scaphomonus digitatus sp. nov. and S. sinuatus sp. nov. are described and illustrated from Yunnan Province, China. A key to the Chinese species of the genus is given. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).
Temporal Comparisons Involving Paleoclimate Data Assimilation: Challenges and Remedies
Authors: Emile-Geay Julien , Hakim Gregory J. , Viens Frederi , Zhu Feng , Amrhein Daniel E.
Published: December 2024

Paleoclimate reconstructions are increasingly central to climate assessments, placing recent and future variability in a broader historical context. Several estimation methods produce plumes of climate trajectories that practitioners often want to compare to other reconstruction ensembles or to deterministic trajectories produced by other means, such as global climate models. Of particular interest are “offline” data assimilation (DA) methods, which have recently been adapted to paleoclimatology. Offline DA lacks an explicit model connecting time instants, so its ensemble members are not true system trajectories. This obscures quantitative comparisons, particularly when considering the ensemble mean in isolation. We propose several resampling methods to introduce a priori constraints on temporal behavior, as well as a general notion, called plume distance, to carry out quantitative comparisons between collections of climate trajectories (“plumes”). The plume distance provides a norm in the same physical units as the variable of interest (e.g., °C for temperature) and lends itself to assessments of statistical significance. We apply these tools to four paleoclimate comparisons: 1) global mean surface temperature (GMST) in the online and offline versions of the Last Millennium Reanalysis (v2.1); 2) GMST from these two ensembles to simulations of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project past1000 ensemble; 3) Last Millennium Reanalysis, version 2.1 (LMRv2.1), to the PAGES 2k Consortium ensemble of GMST; and 4) the Northern Hemisphere mean surface temperature from LMRv2.1 to the Büntgen et al. ensemble. Results generally show more compatibility between these ensembles than is visually apparent. The proposed methodology is implemented in an open-source Python package, and we discuss the possible applications of the plume distance framework beyond paleoclimatology.

Significance Statement

Paleoclimate data assimilation is an emerging technique to reconstruct past climate variations. The currently dominant approximation, offline data assimilation, lacks the ability to connect information across time. This work proposes open-source solutions to this problem and applies them to three paleoclimate questions, before discussing broader implications.
A Multiscale Evaluation of the Wet 2022 in Eastern Australia
Authors: Reid Kimberley J. , Barnes Michael A. , Gillett Zoe E. , Parker Tess , Udy Danielle G. , Ayat Hooman , Boschat Ghyslaine , Bowden Annabel , Grosfeld Nicholas H. , King Andrew D. , Richardson Doug , Shao Yawen , Teckentrup Lina , Trewin Blair , Hope Pandora , Zhou Linjing , Borowiak Alexander R. , Holgate Chiara M. , Isphording Rachael N.
Published: December 2024

Eastern Australia experienced record-breaking rainfall and flooding during 2022, which devastated communities and led to over AU$6 billion of damage. In this study, we conduct a multiscale analysis to understand why 2022 was unusually wet with multiple record-breaking rainfall events over the year. We assess the synoptic- and mesoscale conditions during three key periods: February–March, July, and October. These periods were chosen because they were impactful and represent three different seasons. Next, we examine the large-scale climate drivers and evaluate how unusual these events were compared to previous years. Finally, we discuss predictability and the possible impact of climate change on the drivers of heavy rainfall in eastern Australia. The exceptional rainfall was likely due to excessive slow-moving cyclones combined with ample atmospheric moisture flux. The key climate drivers (El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean dipole, and Southern Annular Mode) primed the synoptic conditions for frequent rain-bearing weather systems. There was limited predictability beyond the 1-week lead time for the February–March and July events, but the 1-month seasonal forecast for October indicated rainfall in eastern Australia. The complexity of multiday extreme rainfall makes it difficult to distinguish the role of climate change from natural variability. However, we highlight where future research could focus to help us understand climate risks to this region. Our results emphasize the importance of examining rainfall from multiple perspectives and considering the interactions between weather and climate scales because analyzing drivers in isolation is insufficient for explaining high-impact weather.
Elevated Vitamin D leading to an Incidental Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Rico Ríos Natividad , Reche Martínez Antonio José , López Tinoco Cristina , Calero Ruiz Mercedes , Sáez-Benito Godino Ana
Published: December 2024

A case involving the incidental diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) due to interference in the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D) immunoassay is presented. The patient, under the care of rheumatology and receiving treatment with alendronic acid and vitamin D supplements, was referred to endocrinology for investigation of acromegaly. Acromegaly was subsequently ruled out; however, during the investigations, consistently elevated levels of 25(OH) vitamin D were noted, raising suspicion of vitamin D resistance syndrome. The laboratory and endocrinology teams engaged in discussions, and following the cessation of medication, repeated analyses for 25(OH) vitamin D and a single analysis of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D levels were requested, yielding high and normal results, respectively. The laboratory conducted a three-step interference investigation, ultimately identifying a high molecular weight molecule responsible for the initially elevated 25(OH) vitamin D levels. Due to the clinical presentation of back pain, a proteinogram was requested, revealing a monoclonal band of 36 g/L. Subsequent free light chain analysis indicated an elevated ratio. With three risk factors identified, this was classified as an established MM and urgently referred to haematology for correct management. Laboratory assay interferences have the potential to disrupt the accurate diagnostic workup of patients. Collaborative discussions between laboratory and clinical teams regarding such cases aid in directing the diagnostic pathway appropriately, facilitating prompt and proper diagnosis and management.
The Paradox of ASEAN Security Community: Arms Dynamic and the Culture of Militarism in Southeast Asia
Authors: Rosyidin Mohamad
Published: December 2024

It is generally understood that ASEAN has proclaimed itself as a security community since it has a strong commitment to the culture of peace among its members. ASEAN remains a community of states that puts national interests on the top priority of interstate relations in the region. Therefore, ASEAN members are concerned more about their survival rather than bearing the responsibility to strengthen ASEAN as an institution. Despite the existence of the culture of peace within the region, ASEAN is characterized by the acceleration of arms dynamic in which every country increases its defence budget as well as improves their military capabilities. Against this backdrop, this article argues that regional arms dynamic among ASEAN member states would have serious consequences for the prospect of the ASEAN security community. Instead of fostering the culture of peace, it would perpetuate the culture of militarism as well as prevent collective identity building as a prerequisite for establishing a security community. This tendency creates a paradox that represents ASEAN’s unpreparedness to establish a long-lasting security community.
Using Network Analysis of Adolescent Self-Ratings of ADHD Symptoms to Identify Central Symptoms and Their Associations With Each Other and Global Functioning
Authors: Gomez Rapson , Houghton Stephen
Published: December 2024

This research examined the network properties (network graph, centrality, and edge weights) of the 18 ADHD symptoms, based on the self-ratings of 300 adolescents. The findings indicated the three symptoms with the highest centrality values were “inattention”, “wait”, and “interrupt”. For edge weights, there were positive large effect size associations for “lose” with “forgetful”, “fidget with “run”, “blurt” with “wait”, and “wait” with “interrupt”; and positive moderate effect size associations for “careless” with “instruction”, and “avoid” with “listen”. Five IA symptoms (“careless”, “instruction”, “avoid”, “distracted”, and “forgetful”) and one HI symptom (“quiet”) were associated negatively and significantly with global functioning. Overall, these associations and relations should be prioritized when planning treatment for ADHD. This is the first study to examine the network properties of ADHD symptoms for adolescent self-ratings. The implications of the findings for theory include a better understanding of the relationships and interrelations between ADHD symptoms, especially in terms of the clustering of IA and HI symptoms and their associations with global functioning. In practice, the findings indicate there are different symptoms that could be the focus for assessment and treatment according to the ADHD presentation type.
Prevalence of Mucosal Contact and Correlation with Migraine: The Predominance of the Superior Turbinate
Authors: Clerico Dean M. , Khoudary Antoine , Asthana Shravan , Wagner Jordon , Keiser Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Background: Mucosal contact between the turbinates and septum is implicated as a cause of headache and migraine. The prevalence of mucosal contact is reported to be as low as 4%. However, the inclusion criteria in that study were restrictive, and no data on the superior turbinate were reported. We sought to determine the prevalence of mucosal contact on nasal endoscopy and its association with migraine. Methods: A cohort study of 355 subjects was conducted. All patients underwent nasal endoscopy and were queried as to migraine history. The prevalence of mucosal contact in the migraine cohort was compared to that in the non-migraine cohort, and the prevalence of migraine in the contact cohort was compared to that in the non-contact group. The frequency of mucosal contact at each turbinate involved was noted. Results: The overall prevalence of mucosal contact was 49.3% (175/355). The superior turbinate was most frequently involved (34.9%: 124/355), followed by the inferior turbinate (14.6%; 52/355), the middle turbinate (14.1%: 50/355), and multiple turbinate involvement (13.5%; 48/355). Migraine history was elicited in 31.8% of subjects (113/355); 52% (91/175) of patients with mucosal contact reported migraine history; 65.3% (81/124) with superior turbinate contact, 50% (25/50) with middle turbinate contact, and 21.1% (12/52) with inferior turbinate contact; 80.5% (91/113) of patients with migraine demonstrated mucosal contact; 71.7% (81/113) with superior turbinate contact, 22.1% (25/113) with middle turbinate contact, and 10.6% (12/113) with inferior turbinate contact. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that superior and middle turbinate contact were associated with migraine ( P < .001 and P = .034, respectively), but inferior turbinate contact was not ( P = .272). Conclusion: Mucosal contact is much more prevalent than previously reported and is associated with migraine, especially at the superior turbinate level.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging Distinguishes Biliary Toxicants on the Basis of Cellular Distribution
Authors: Yang Junhai , Bowman Andrew P. , Buck Wayne R. , Kohnken Rebecca , Good Christopher J. , Wagner David S.
Published: December 2024

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to investigate and provide insights into observed biliary pathology found in dogs and rats after administration of two different compounds. Both compounds were associated with peribiliary inflammatory infiltrates and proliferation of the bile duct epithelium. However, MSI revealed very different spatial distribution profiles for the two compounds: Compound A showed significant accumulation within the bile duct epithelium with a much higher concentration than in the parenchymal hepatocytes, while Compound T exhibited only a slight increase in the bile duct epithelium compared to parenchymal hepatocytes. These findings implicate cholangiocyte uptake and accumulation as a key step in the mechanism of biliary toxicity. In both cases, compounds are shown at the site of toxicity in support of a direct mechanism of toxicity on the biliary epithelium. MSI is a powerful tool for localizing small molecules within tissue sections and improvements in sensitivity have enabled localization down to the cellular level in some cases. MSI was also able to identify biomarker candidates of toxicity by differential analysis of ion profiles comparing treated and control cholangiocytes from tissue sections.
Oxidative stress and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: An overview from preclinical rodent models
Authors: Kimura Shintaro , Iwata Maho , Takase Hajime , Lo Eng H , Arai Ken
Published: December 2024

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is an important clinical condition characterized by a prolonged reduction in cerebral blood flow that contributes to several neurodegenerative diseases, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. A number of rodent models of CCH have been developed that mimic the human pathological conditions of reduced cerebral perfusion. These models have been instrumental in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in CCH-induced brain damage. Oxidative stress is induced by perturbations in cellular pathways caused by CCH, including mitochondrial dysfunction, ion pump dysfunction, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion. The deleterious stress leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbates damage to neuronal structures, significantly impairing cognitive function. Among the various therapeutic strategies being evaluated, edaravone, a potent antioxidant, is emerging as a promising drug due to its neuroprotective properties against oxidative stress. Initially approved for use in ischemic stroke, research using rodent CCH models has shown that edaravone has significant efficacy in scavenging free radicals and ameliorating oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage under CCH conditions. This mini-review summarizes the current literature on the rodent models of CCH and then discusses the therapeutic potential of edaravone to reduce neuronal and vascular damage caused by CCH-induced oxidative stress.