bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of Late Implant Loss and Peri‐Implantitis Based on Dental Implant Surfaces and Abutment Types: A Nationwide Cohort Study in the Elderly
Authors: Lee Su Young , Daher René , Jung Jin‐Hyung , Han Kyungdo , Sailer Irena , Lee Jae‐Hyun
Published: October 2024

Aim

This nationwide population‐based cohort study aimed to assess the incidence of implant complication treatments, including implant removal procedures and peri‐implantitis treatments, in relation to implant surfaces and abutment types.

Methods

Data from the National Health Insurance Service, covering approximately 50 million individuals, were used. Implants and abutments were categorized by codes, including surfaces such as resorbable blasting media, sandblasted large grit and acid‐etched (SA) and hydroxyapatite coating, along with abutment structures (one‐piece straight, two‐piece straight, angled). The incidence of implant complication treatments was analysed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression (α = 0.05).

Results

The study included 2,354,706 implants. The SA group had the lowest hazard ratio for implant removal procedures (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were found in the risk of peri‐implantitis treatments between implant surfaces (p = 0.0587). The risk of implant complication treatments did not differ significantly by the abutment type (p = 0.9542). The incidence rate of implant complication treatments was < 3.9 per 1000 implant‐years across all groups.

Conclusions

The SA group showed a slightly lower risk of late implant loss, whereas no significant association was found for the abutment type groups. All implant and abutment type groups showed an incidence rate of < 3.9 per 1000 implant‐years for complication treatments.
Comparison of targeted web‐based advertising versus traditional methods for recruiting older adults into clinical trials
Authors: Baldyga Kathryn , Iloputaife Ike , Taffet George , LaGanke Nicole , Manor Brad , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Millar Courtney L.
Published: October 2024

Background

Recruiting older adults into clinical trials can be particularly challenging. Our objective was to determine if targeted web‐based advertising is an effective recruitment strategy.

Methods

We compared the recruitment rates of traditional and targeted web‐based methods for three representative clinical trials involving older adults. All studies utilized traditional recruitment methods initially, but shifted toward primarily targeted web‐based advertising after experiencing slow recruitment rates.

Results

We found that web‐based advertising reached more individuals compared to traditional methods. Compared to traditional methods, web‐based methods also had at least twice the rate of expressed interest, completion of telephone and in‐person screening, eligibility, and enrollment. Additionally, the proportion of individuals excluded after the telephone screening did not differ according to whether targeted web‐based advertising (STAMINA: 51%; Berries and Steps: 62%; ISTIM: 20%) or traditional methods (STAMINA: 48%; Berries and Steps: 69%; ISTIM: 23%) were used within each study. Those recruited using web‐based advertisements tended to be younger compared to traditional methods, but were similar in racial distribution and education.

Conclusion

Targeted web‐based advertisements may be more effective in recruiting older adults for clinical trials at a faster rate than traditional recruitment methods, but need further evaluation of compatible study designs, potential population bias, and cost‐effectiveness.
Multicenter validation of automated detection of paramagnetic rim lesions on brain MRI in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chen Luyun , Ren Zheng , Clark Kelly A. , Lou Carolyn , Liu Fang , Cao Quy , Manning Abigail R. , Martin Melissa L. , Luskin Elaina , O'Donnell Carly M. , Azevedo Christina J. , Calabresi Peter A. , Freeman Leorah , Henry Roland G. , Longbrake Erin E. , Oh Jiwon , Papinutto Nico , Bilello Michel , Song Jae W. , Kaisey Marwa , Sicotte Nancy L. , Reich Daniel S. , Solomon Andrew J. , Ontaneda Daniel , Sati Pascal , Absinta Martina , Schindler Matthew K. , Shinohara Russell T. ,   the NAIMS Cooperative
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose

Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are an MRI biomarker of chronic inflammation in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). PRLs may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of MS. However, manual identification of PRLs is time‐consuming and prone to poor interrater reliability. To address these challenges, the Automated Paramagnetic Rim Lesion (APRL) algorithm was developed to automate PRL detection. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of APRL for detecting PRLs in a multicenter setting.

Methods

We applied APRL to a multicenter dataset, which included 3‐Tesla MRI acquired in 92 participants (43 with MS, 14 with clinically isolated syndrome [CIS]/radiologically isolated syndrome [RIS], 35 without RIS/CIS/MS). Subsequently, we assessed APRL's performance by comparing its results with manual PRL assessments carried out by a team of trained raters.

Results

Among the 92 participants, expert raters identified 5637 white matter lesions and 148 PRLs. The automated segmentation method successfully captured 115 (78%) of the manually identified PRLs. Within these 115 identified lesions, APRL differentiated between manually identified PRLs and non‐PRLs with an area under the curve (AUC) of .73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [.68, .78]). At the subject level, the count of APRL‐identified PRLs predicted MS diagnosis with an AUC of .69 (95% CI: [.57, .81]).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated APRL's capability to differentiate between PRLs and lesions without paramagnetic rims in a multicenter study. Automated identification of PRLs offers greater efficiency over manual identification and could facilitate large‐scale assessments of PRLs in clinical trials.
Discourses of solidarity and resistance in alternative linguistic spaces: Galician improvised poetry as linguistic collective action
Authors: O'Rourke Bernadette , Dayán‐Fernández Alejandro
Published: October 2024

This article focuses on alternative ways of understanding language in the context of minority language advocacy through an examination of the Galician tradition of singing‐in‐verse, known as regueifa. It proposes the notion of “linguistic collective action” to refer to the battery of resistance and solidarity strategies that lead to social transformation, implemented in grassroots movements linked to language struggles that not only go beyond the binary tropes of “pride” and “profit”, but also transcend traditional ideas of how language revitalization should be carried out. To tap into the dynamics of this social movement, we draw on a multi‐sited ethnography of the interconnected spaces in which urban‐based Galician speakers engage in collective action through the practice of regueifa. We examine how progressive values (e.g.: LGBTQ+ advocacy, feminism, and anti‐neoliberalism) are intertwined with the use of minoritized language reclamation, acting as a trigger for social transformation.
Mental State Attribution Mediates Exogenous Orienting of Attention Triggered by Gaze Cues, but not Other Social Cues
Authors: Eito Hirokazu , Wakabayashi Akio , Ichikawa Makoto
Published: October 2024

We examined the properties in orienting visual attention that are triggered by social cues (eye gaze or pointing finger) and nonsocial cues (an arrow). Particularly, we investigated whether the mental state of others would be modulated by any social cue. We presented an occluder between the cue and target to manipulate the mental state of an agent in cues (i.e., whether the agent is aware of the target). For Experiment 1, the reaction time (RT) to detect the target was prolonged when the target side was occluded only in the gaze‐cue condition, but not for the arrow or the pointing finger. For Experiment 2, the RT of a discrimination task, which demanded greater cognitive demand, was not prolonged for any cue type. These results suggest that the mental state attribution for the agency of the cue, which is affected by an occluder, is specific to the gaze cue, and suggest that it is under top‐down control that requires cognitive resources.
Two plant membrane‐shaping reticulon‐like proteins play contrasting complex roles in turnip mosaic virus infection
Authors: Wu Guanwei , Wang Liping , He Rongrong , Cui Xiaoyan , Chen Xin , Wang Aiming
Published: October 2024

Positive‐sense RNA viruses remodel cellular cytoplasmic membranes as the membranous sources for the formation of viral replication organelles (VROs) for viral genome replication. In plants, they traffic through plasmodesmata (PD), plasma membrane‐lined pores enabling cytoplasmic connections between cells for intercellular movement and systemic infection. In this study, we employed turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a plant RNA virus to investigate the involvement of RTNLB3 and RTNLB6, two ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane‐bending, PD‐located reticulon‐like (RTNL) non‐metazoan group B proteins (RTNLBs) in viral infection. We show that RTNLB3 interacts with TuMV 6K2 integral membrane protein and RTNLB6 binds to TuMV coat protein (CP). Knockdown of RTNLB3 promoted viral infection, whereas downregulation of RTNLB6 restricted viral infection, suggesting that these two RTNLs play contrasting roles in TuMV infection. We further demonstrate that RTNLB3 targets the α‐helix motif 42LRKSM46 of 6K2 to interrupt 6K2 self‐interactions and compromise 6K2‐induced VRO formation. Moreover, overexpression of AtRTNLB3 apparently promoted the selective degradation of the ER and ER‐associated protein calnexin, but not 6K2. Intriguingly, mutation of the α‐helix motif of 6K2 that is required for induction of VROs severely affected 6K2 stability and abolished TuMV infection. Thus, RTNLB3 attenuates TuMV replication, probably through the suppression of 6K2 function. We also show that RTNLB6 promotes viral intercellular movement but does not affect viral replication. Therefore, the proviral role of RTNLB6 is probably by enhancing viral cell‐to‐cell trafficking. Taken together, our data demonstrate that RTNL family proteins may play diverse complex, even opposite, roles in viral infection in plants.
A More Efficient and Safer Improved Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Insertion Technique—Trajectory Dynamic Adjustment Technique, Technical Note, and Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Li Hao , Ding Zhiguo , Wei Bin , Ma Zhihao , Xie Jing , Tian Yonghao , Wang Lianlei , Liu Xinyu , Yuan Suomao
Published: October 2024

Objective

Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) technique requires a very precise entry point of the Jamshidi needle, which leads to repeated adjustments, damaging the pedicle and increasing radiation exposure. This study was designed to propose an improved percutaneous pedicle screw fixation technique‐trajectory dynamic adjustment (TDA) technique, and evaluate its feasibility and assess the clinical outcomes.

Method

A total of 445 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis or lumbar spinal stenosis associated with instability from June 2017 to May 2022 were included in the retrospective study. They were randomly separated into two groups. Two hundred thirty‐one patients underwent TDA technique (TDA group). Two hundred fourteen patients underwent traditional PPSF technique (PPSF group). All patients underwent postoperative CT to assess the accuracy of screw placement, superior facet joint violation (FJV). The evaluated clinical outcomes were needle insertion time, radiation exposure, blood loss, hospital stay, the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores for lower back pain (LBP), and leg pain, lumbar interbody fusion rate, and postoperative complications. The independent‐sample t test and paired t‐test were used for continuous data. The contingency table and Mann–Whitney U test were used for categorical data.

Results

The time of the insertion in TDA group was significantly lower than that in PPSF group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the fluoroscopy frequency in TDA group was significantly lower than that in PPSF group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay between the two groups (p > 0.05). Overall, there was no significant difference in the proportion of clinically acceptable screws between the two groups (p > 0.05). In addition, the lateral screw misplacement in TDA group was higher. Moreover, FJV rate was significantly lower than that in PPSF group (p < 0.05). In both TDA group and PPSF group, postoperative back and leg pain and the JOA score were significantly improved (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the pre‐ and postoperative VAS score for back and leg pain and the JOA score, JOA recovery rate, intervertebral fusion rate, and complications rate between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Compared to traditional PPSF technique, TDA technique is a safer and more effective procedure which has shorter surgical time, lower radiation exposure, and lower facet joint violation rate.
Amur Grape VaMYB4a‐VaERF054‐Like Module Regulates Cold Tolerance Through a Regulatory Feedback Loop
Authors: Lv Kai , Xie Yaping , Yu Qinhan , Zhang Ningbo , Zheng Qiaoling , Wu Jieping , Zhang Junxia , Li Junduo , Zhao Huixian , Xu Weirong
Published: October 2024

Cold stress can limit the growth and development of grapevines, which can ultimately reduce productivity. However, the mechanisms by which grapevines respond to cold stress are not yet fully understood. Here, we characterized an APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) which was shown to be a target gene of our previously identified VaMYB4a from Amur grape. We further investigated the molecular interactions between VaMYB4a and VaERF054‐like transcription factors in grapes and their role in cold stress tolerance. Our results demonstrated that VaMYB4a directly binds to and activates the VaERF054‐like gene promoter, leading to its enhanced expression. Moreover, we also explored the influence of ethylene precursors and inhibitors on VaERF054‐like expression and grape cold tolerance. Our findings indicate that VaERF054‐like contribute to cold tolerance in grapes through modulation of the ethylene pathway and the CBF signal pathway. Overexpression of VaERF054‐like in Vitis vinifera ‘Chardonnay’ calli and transgenic grape lines resulted in increased freezing stress tolerance, confirming its role in the cold stress response. We further confirmed the interaction between VaMYB4a and VaERF054‐like in vivo and in vitro. The co‐transformation of VaMYB4a and VaERF054‐like in grape calli demonstrates a synergistic interaction, enhancing the cold tolerance through a regulatory feedback mechanism. Our finding provides new insights into grape cold tolerance mechanisms, potentially contributing to the development of cold‐resistant grape varieties.
Psychiatric Comorbidities in Pediatric Trichotillomania: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Games Margaux , Sejdiu Zane , Ilyas Erum N.
Published: October 2024

Background

Trichotillomania (TTM) significantly increases the risk of psychiatric comorbidities. Sparse research in pediatric populations necessitates larger studies to assess these risks. This study investigates the risk of developing psychiatric comorbidities in pediatric TTM patients.

Methods

This case–control study assessed pediatric patients (< 18 years old) with TTM diagnosed between May 18, 2013, and January 1, 2024, using US‐based data from the TriNetX global research network. TTM patients (ICD‐10 diagnostic category F63.3) aged 18 years or younger at diagnosis and control patients (ICD‐10 code Z00.129) matched for age, sex, race, and ethnicity were assessed. Propensity score matching yielded 16,590 patients in each cohort. The analysis assessed subsequent diagnoses of ADHD, conduct disorders, tic disorders, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, dissociative, stress‐related, and somatoform disorders, mood disorders, and suicide attempts compared to controls.

Results

TTM patients under 18 years exhibited significantly greater risks of subsequent diagnoses for ADHD (OR: 2.002; CI 1.841–2.178; p < 0.001), conduct disorders (OR: 3.668; 3.2–3.668; p < 0.0001), tic disorders (OR: 2.247; 1.826–2.765; p < 0.0001), obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OR: 11.047; 8.822–13.832; p < 0.0001), anxiety disorders (OR: 3.583; 3.387–3.7; p < 0.0001), dissociative, stress‐related, and somatoform disorders (OR: 6.179; 3.935–9.701; p < 0.0001), mood disorders (OR: 2.476; 2.288–2.68; p < 0.0001), and suicide attempts (OR: 1.81; 1.121–2.924; p = 0.0139) compared to controls. TTM patients had the greatest risk of psychiatric diagnosis 1 year postindex event.

Conclusions

Pediatric TTM patients have higher psychiatric comorbidity risks, necessitating timely intervention and comprehensive management. Dermatologists can facilitate access to behavioral and pharmacological care, enhancing patient outcomes.
Longitudinal Changes in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Following Repeat Heart Transplant in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Chan Melvin , Silveira Lori , Patterson Daniel J. , Bock Margret E. , Pietra Biagio A. , Everitt Melanie D. , Simpson Kathleen E. , Miyamoto Shelley D. , Auerbach Scott R.
Published: October 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common after heart transplantation (HT). There are scarce studies looking at longitudinal changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after repeat HT (RT) and risk factors for the presence of CKD3 post‐RT.

Methods

First‐time HT recipients (FT) were matched with RT, based on age at transplant, sex, race, and transplant era. eGFR was derived from CKiD‐U25 formula using creatinine. Changes in eGFR were measured within and between patients using a mixed effects model. Logistic regression and survival analysis were performed to identify significant risk factors for CKD3 presence post‐RT.

Results

The unmatched cohort included 393 HT recipients and 47 RT. 29 patients in both groups with at least 2 years of follow‐up data underwent matching. Over 6 years, the mean eGFR for FT and RT did not significantly change overtime. For those with CKD3 or higher prior to RT, 73% improved to CKD2 or lower at 2 years post‐RT. Risk factors for CKD3 post‐RT included female sex (OR 17.5 [1.7–181.9], p = 0.017) and greater than two acute kidney injuries (AKI) between FT and RT (OR 1.77 [1.06–2.95], p = 0.03). Approximately 50% of females and those with greater than two AKIs maintained or developed CKD3 at 7.5 and 3 years, respectively.

Conclusion

This study provides data on longitudinal changes in eGFR over 6 years and finds that female sex and repeat HT recipients with greater 2 AKIs between transplants are at greatest risk for CKD3 presence post‐RT.
Pediatric Cardiac Xenotransplantation and Expanded Access: Ethical Considerations
Authors: Hurst Daniel J. , Bobier Christopher , Merlocco Anthony , Padilla Luz A. , Rodger Daniel , Cleveland David , Cleveland John D.
Published: October 2024

Due to the current organ shortage waitlist, alternatives to allotransplantation are necessary. Xenotransplantation is currently being pursued as one such alternative in adults in need of kidney or heart transplantation. Cardiac xenotransplantation of genetically modified pig hearts has been conducted twice in adults under the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expanded access criteria. Because of the shortage of transplantable hearts for children as well as the lack of mechanical circulatory support in this population, pediatric researchers are exploring FDA expanded access in high‐risk neonates and infants who lack alternative options for survival. The adult cardiac xenotransplantation experience with expanded access can provide lessons and highlight nuances for researchers preparing pediatric application. This includes aspects of informed consent, biosurveillance, and protection of bystanders from potential xenozoonoses.
Heidegger's argument for fascism
Authors: Sinhababu Neil
Published: October 2024

Heidegger's ontological theories, his observations about liberalism and fascism, and his evaluation of Being are three premises of an argument for fascism. The ontological premise is that integrated wholes and instruments or objects of will are ontologically superior, as Being and Time suggests in discussing Being‐a‐whole and using tools. The social premise is that fascist societies are wholes integrated by dictatorial will, while liberal societies are looser aggregates of free individuals, as Heidegger describes in his 1930s seminars. The evaluative premise, shared with the medieval tradition and expressed in his notebook remarks about war, is that ontological superiority makes things better. The conclusion that fascism is better than liberalism should be rejected along with the evaluative premise.
Elsinoe species: The rise of scab diseases
Authors: Pham Nam Q. , Wingfield Brenda D. , Barnes Irene , Gazis Romina , Wingfield Michael J.
Published: October 2024

The genus Elsinoe contains many aggressive pathogens of a wide range of plants, many of which are economically important. These fungal pathogens cause serious scab diseases affecting various plant parts, impacting plant vigour, yield and market value. While studies on Elsinoe species have predominantly focused on their taxonomy, there is a conspicuous gap in knowledge of these fungi from a plant pathology perspective. In this review, we draw together and critically evaluate the existing, but rather fragmented, research on the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, host range, as well as the biology and epidemiology of Elsinoe species. Our aim is primarily to augment the existing understanding of the global significance of Elsinoe species, and furthermore, to shed light on the escalating prominence of scab diseases caused by species in a fungal genus that has been known for over 100 years but remains relatively poorly understood and somewhat enigmatic.
A fungal endophyte increases plant resilience to low nutrient availabilities: a case of Fe acquisition in legumes
Authors: Avramidou Marianna , Balaktsis Vasileios , Tsiouri Olga , Maghrebi Moez , Vigani Gianpiero , Sergiou Antonios , Ntelkis Nikolaos , Ehaliotis Constantinos , Papadopoulou Kalliope K.
Published: October 2024

Αbstract

Microbial inocula are considered a promising and effective alternative solution to the use of chemical fertilizers to support plant growth and productivity since they play a key role in the availability and uptake of nutrients. Here, the effect of a beneficial of a fungal root endophyte, Fusarium solani strain K (FsK), on nutrient acquisition efficiency of the legume Lotus japonicus was studied, and putative mode‐of‐action of the endophyte at a molecular level was determined. Plant colonization with the endophyte resulted in increased shoot and root fresh weight under Fe deficiency compared to control nutrient conditions. Plant inoculation with FsK was associated with a significant increase in macro‐ and micronutrient concentration in leaves at an early stage of endophyte inoculation and a replenishment of Fe content under prolonged iron starvation. The mechanistic basis of the plant growth promotion capabilities of the endophyte is exerted at the transcriptional level since we recorded changes in the expression levels of genes related to iron uptake in FsK‐colonized plants under stress conditions compared to uninoculated plants. In addition, the observed changes in the ethylene biosynthesis‐related genes suggest a possible implication of ethylene in the mode of action used by FsK to enhance plant response to nutrient stress conditions. Finally, we demonstrated that the endophyte possesses a reductive high‐affinity Fe uptake system and identified a ferric reductase that was induced in planta under Fe deficiency conditions, indicating that this fungal Fe homeostasis mechanism may result in a benefit in nutrient acquisition for the plant as well.
Tracking Well‐Being: A Comprehensive Analysis of Physical Activity and Mental Health in College Students Across COVID‐19 Phases Using Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Bai Yang , Burns Ryan , Ma Conrad , Curl Azilee , Hudziak Jim , Copeland William E.
Published: October 2024

Physical activity (PA) is a critical factor in maintaining mental health, particularly among college students who are vulnerable to stress, anxiety, and mood disturbances. The COVID‐19 pandemic introduced unprecedented disruptions to daily routines. The purpose of this cohort study was to examine the longitudinal PA behaviors before and during COVID‐19 using device‐based assessment in a sample of college students. The participants were a convenience sample of 1‐year college students from the University of Vermont Wellness Environment study. A daily survey was distributed to the participants every night on a study app measured three mental health outcomes of mood, anxiety, and stress for 16 weeks. Participants wore Apple Watches to monitor PA. A total of 167 participants completed at least 50% of daily surveys and had 20 days of valid Apple Watch data, which resulted in 11 387 participant‐days' of observations. Changes in average daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and step counts were examined week‐over‐week from an 8‐week period before COVID to an 8‐week period during COVID using cluster‐robust piecewise regression (16‐weeks total). Linear mixed models examined the association between PA and mental health outcomes, while also examining the moderating influence of COVID phase. Significantly lower MVPA was observed from the end of pre‐COVID to start of COVID by −18.2 min/day (p < 0.001) and significantly fewer steps/day was observed from end of pre‐COVID to start of COVID by −3277 steps/day (p < 0.001). An MVPA “catch‐up” effect was observed as there were small but positive week‐over‐week improvements during COVID for MVPA (b = 1.32 min/day, p < 0.001). The influence of COVID‐19 phases had a notable impact on the relationships between PA/exercise and mental health outcomes. A discernible trend emerged, indicating stronger connections during the COVID period for anxiety and stress compared to the pre‐COVID era. Interestingly, the moderating effect of COVID was opposite for mood and exercise. The COVID‐19 pandemic led to a dramatic decline in PA among college students, coinciding with a period of heightened stress and anxiety. Despite a slight recovery in PA levels during the pandemic, the strengthened association between exercise and anxiety/stress during this time underscores the vital role of PA in promoting mental health. These findings highlight the importance of implementing behavior change strategies to maintain and promote student wellbeing.
Inferring the Accurate Locations of Noise Records in Mobile Phone Location Data
Authors: Song Xiaoqing , Lu Yi , Jiang Shumei , Jiang Wei , Wu Yue , Long Yi
Published: October 2024

The positioning uncertainty of mobile phone location (MPL) data greatly influences location services and crowd behavior analysis. Although many achievements have been made in controlling its main sources (signal drift and ping‐pong effects), several problems, such as single‐oscillation patterns, insufficient position optimization, and a lack of effective evaluation, remain. In this study, a set of MPL data quality optimization methods are proposed. First, the characteristics of drift records and the oscillation patterns of ping‐pong records are discussed. The quality of the MPL data is subsequently controlled with the proposed feature‐based drift‐record detection method, complex oscillation pattern‐based ping‐pong‐record detection method, and cumulative duration weighting‐based ping‐pong‐record optimization method. These methods are applied to the MPL dataset of a major operator in Nanjing city, and the optimization effect is evaluated with GPS data collected synchronously. The results show that the proposed detection and optimization methods can effectively improve the accuracy of MPL data.
Desynchronization Attacks Resistant Watermarking for Remote Sensing Images Based on DWT‐SVD and Normalized Feature Domain
Authors: Xi Xu , Zhang Jie , Du Jinglong , Yang Zihao
Published: October 2024

Most existing remote sensing image watermarking algorithms concentrate on excavation of particular embedding templates, image features, or geometric invariant domains, which present challenges in terms of resistance to desynchronization attacks, embedding domain repetition, and insufficient algorithm versatility. To address these issues, this study proposes a watermarking algorithm that is robust to desynchronization attacks and can adapt to different types of remote sensing images using the geometric invariant domain and hybrid frequency domain. The algorithm uses the multi‐scale SIFT to identify feature points in remote sensing images, then creates a Delaunay triangulation network (DTN) based on these feature points, extracts the tangent circles of triangles, and normalizes these tangent circles using image moment and affine transformation, and the feature domains with geometric invariance are constructed. On this basis, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) transforms the feature domain to the frequency decomposition state, and the singular value decomposition (SVD) further mines the watermark embedding domain, ensuring the stability of the watermark transforming back and forth in the embedding domain and improving the overall invisibility of the watermarking algorithm. The experimental results indicate that, compared to related algorithms, the proposed watermarking algorithm not only adapts better to remote sensing images with different bands and bit depths but also provides superior invisibility and demonstrates strong robustness against various desynchronization attacks such as splicing, panning, rotating, as well as image processing like noise addition, filtering, and compression.
Pitfalls of reasoning in hospital‐based transfusion medicine
Authors: Raza Sheharyar , Jacobs Jeremy W. , Booth Garrett S. , Callum Jeannie
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Hospital‐based transfusion involves hundreds of daily medical decisions. Medical decision‐making under uncertainty is susceptible to cognitive biases which can lead to systematic errors of reasoning and suboptimal patient care. Here we review common cognitive biases that may be relevant for transfusion practice.

Materials and Methods

Biases were selected based on categorical diversity, evidence from healthcare contexts, and relevance for transfusion medicine. For each bias, we provide background psychology literature, representative clinical examples, considerations for transfusion medicine, and strategies for mitigation.

Results

We report seven cognitive biases relating to memory (availability heuristic, limited memory), interpretation (framing effects, anchoring bias), and incentives (search satisficing, sunk cost fallacy, feedback sanction).

Conclusion

Pitfalls of reasoning due to cognitive biases are prominent in medical decision making and relevant for hospital transfusion medicine. An awareness of these phenomena might stimulate further research, encourage corrective measures, and motivate nudge‐based interventions to improve transfusion practice.
Wind speed affects the rate and kinetics of stomatal conductance
Authors: Shapira Or , Hochberg Uri , Joseph Ariel , McAdam Scott , Azoulay‐Shemer Tamar , Brodersen Craig R. , Holbrook Noel Michelle , Zait Yotam
Published: October 2024

Understanding the relationship between wind speed and gas exchange in plants is a longstanding challenge. Our aim was to investigate the impact of wind speed on maximum rates of gas exchange and the kinetics of stomatal responses. We conducted experiments in different angiosperm and fern species using an infrared gas analyzer equipped with a controlled leaf fan, enabling precise control of the boundary layer conductance. We first showed that the chamber was adequately mixed even at extremely low wind speed (<0.005 m s−1) and evaluated the link between fan speed, wind speed, and boundary layer conductance. We observed that higher wind speeds led to increased gas exchange of both water vapor and CO₂, primarily due to the increase in boundary layer conductance. This increase in transpiration subsequently reduced epidermal pressure, leading to stomatal opening. We documented that stomatal opening in response to light was 2.5 times faster at a wind speed of 2 m s−1 compared to minimal wind speed in Vicia faba, while epidermal peels in a buffer with no transpiration exhibited a similar opening rate. The increase in stomatal conductance under high wind was also observed in four angiosperm species under field conditions, but it was not observed in Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata), which lacks epidermal mechanical advantage. Our findings highlight the significant impact of boundary layer conductance on determining gas exchange rates and the kinetics of gas exchange responses to environmental changes.
Subdural fluid accumulation with two meningiomas in a cat
Authors: Iqbal Mohammad Momin , Lampe Rachel , Hecht Silke , Vieson Miranda
Published: October 2024

A case of two separate meningiomas with concurrent subdural fluid accumulation is presented. A 13‐year‐old, male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with behavior change and progressive neurologic signs localizing to the forebrain. Two extra‐axial masses were seen along with a large subdural fluid collection on advanced imaging of the brain. Histology of the lesions was consistent with multiple meningiomas, while analysis of the subdural fluid was consistent with cerebrospinal fluid. A case of multiple feline meningiomas with peritumoral subdural fluid accumulation has not previously been reported.
Semistable torsion classes and canonical decompositions in Grothendieck groups
Authors: Asai Sota , Iyama Osamu
Published: October 2024

We study two classes of torsion classes that generalize functorially finite torsion classes, that is, semistable torsion classes and morphism torsion classes. Semistable torsion classes are parametrized by the elements in the real Grothendieck group up to TF equivalence. We give a close connection between TF equivalence classes and the cones given by canonical decompositions of the spaces of projective presentations due to Derksen–Fei. More strongly, for ‐tame algebras and hereditary algebras, we prove that TF equivalence classes containing lattice points are exactly the cones given by canonical decompositions. One of the key steps in our proof is a general description of semistable torsion classes in terms of morphism torsion classes. We also answer a question by Derksen–Fei negatively by giving examples of algebras that do not satisfy the ray condition. As an application of our results, we give an explicit description of TF equivalence classes of preprojective algebras of type .
Atomic structure of self-buffered BaZr(S, Se)3 epitaxial thin film interfaces
Authors: Xu Michael , Ye Kevin , Sadeghi Ida , Jaramillo R. , LeBeau James M.
Published: October 2024

Understanding and controlling the growth of chalcogenide perovskite thin films through interface design is important for tailoring film properties. Here, the film and interface structure of BaZr(S,Se)3 thin films grown on LaAlO3 by molecular beam epitaxy and postgrowth anion exchange is resolved using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Epitaxial films are achieved from self-assembly of an interface “buffer” layer, which accommodates the large film/substrate lattice mismatch of nearly 40% for the alloy film studied here. The self-assembled buffer layer, occurring for both the as-grown sulfide and post-selenization alloy films, is shown to have rock-salt-like atomic stacking akin to a Ruddlesden–Popper phase. These results provide insights into oxide-chalcogenide heteroepitaxial film growth, illustrating a process that yields relaxed, crystalline, epitaxial chalcogenide perovskite films that support ongoing studies of optoelectronic and device properties.
Experimental and statistical methods for microrheological characterization of heterogeneity in human respiratory mucus mimics of health and disease progression
Authors: Caughman Neall , Papanikolas Micah , Markovetz Matthew , Freeman Ronit , Hill David B. , Forest M. Gregory , Lysy Martin
Published: October 2024

Human respiratory mucus (HRM) is extremely soft, compelling passive microrheology for linear viscoelastic characterization. We focus this study on the use of passive microrheology to characterize HRM heterogeneity, a phenomenon in normal HRM that becomes extreme during cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. Specifically, a fraction of the mucin polymers comprising HRM phase-separate into insoluble structures, called flakes, dispersed in mucin-depleted solution. We first reconstitute HRM samples to the MUC5B:MUC5AC mucin ratios consistent with normal and CF clinical samples, which we show recapitulate progressive flake formation and heterogeneity. We then employ passive particle tracking with 200 nm and 1 μm diameter beads in each reconstituted sample. To robustly analyze the tracking data, we introduce statistical denoising methods for low signal-to-noise tracking data within flakes, tested and verified using model-generated synthetic data. These statistical methods provide a fractional Brownian motion classifier of all successfully denoised, tracked beads in flakes and the dilute solution. From the ensemble of classifier data, per bead diameter and mucus sample, we then employ clustering methods to learn and infer multiple levels of heterogeneity: (i) tracked bead data within vs. outside flakes and (ii) within-flake data buried within or distinguishable from the experimental noise floor. Simulated data consistent with experimental data (within and outside flakes) are used to explore form(s) of the generalized Stokes–Einstein relation (GSER) that recover the dynamic moduli of homogeneous and heterogeneous truth sets of purely flakelike, dilute solution, and mixture samples. The appropriate form of GSER is applied to experimental data to show (i) flakes are heterogeneous with gel and sol domains; (ii) dilute solutions are heterogeneous with only sol domains; and (iii) flake and dilute solution properties vary with probe diameter.
Between-area communication through the lens of within-area neuronal dynamics
Authors: Gozel Olivia , Doiron Brent
Published: October 2024

A core problem in systems and circuits neuroscience is deciphering the origin of shared dynamics in neuronal activity: Do they emerge through local network interactions, or are they inherited from external sources? We explore this question with large-scale networks of spatially ordered spiking neuron models where a downstream network receives input from an upstream sender network. We show that linear measures of the communication between the sender and receiver networks can discriminate between emergent or inherited population dynamics. A match in the dimensionality of the sender and receiver population activities promotes faithful communication. In contrast, a nonlinear mapping between the sender to receiver activity, for example, through downstream emergent population-wide fluctuations, can impair linear communication. Our work exposes the benefits and limitations of linear measures when analyzing between-area communication in circuits with rich population-wide neuronal dynamics.
2′3′-cGAMP interactome identifies 2′3′-cGAMP/Rab18/FosB signaling in cell migration control independent of innate immunity
Authors: Deng Yu , Hahn Quentin , Yu Le , Zhu Zhichuan , Boyer Joshua A. , Wang Jian , Kong Deyu , Carey Leiah M. , Hepperla Austin J. , Simon Jeremy M. , Temple Brenda , Zhang Zhigang , Zhang Yanqiong , Santos Charlene , Frank Jonathan E. , Herring Laura E. , Wang Xiaodong , Dokholyan Nikolay V. , Campbell Sharon L. , Baldwin Albert S. , Damania Blossom , Zhang Qi , Liu Pengda
Published: October 2024

c-di-GAMP was first identified in bacteria to promote colonization, while mammalian 2′3′-cGAMP is synthesized by cGAS to activate STING for innate immune stimulation. However, 2′3′-cGAMP function beyond innate immunity remains elusive. Here, we report that 2′3′-cGAMP promotes cell migration independent of innate immunity. 2′3′-cGAMP interactome analysis identifies the small GTPase Rab18 as a 2′3′-cGAMP binding partner and effector in cell migration control. Mechanistically, 2′3′-cGAMP binds Rab18 to facilitate GTP loading and subsequent Rab18 activation, which further promotes FosB transcription in facilitating cell migration. Induced synthesis of endogenous 2′3′-cGAMP by intrabreast tumor bacterium
S. aureus
infection or low-dose doxorubicin treatment facilitates cell migration depending on the cGAS/cGAMP/Rab18/FosB signaling. We find that lovastatin induces Rab18 deprenylation that abolishes 2′3′-cGAMP recognition therefore suppressing cell migration. Together, our study reveals a previously unidentified 2′3′-cGAMP function in cell migration control via the 2′3′-cGAMP/Rab18/FosB signaling that provides additional insights into clinical applications of 2′3′-cGAMP.
Solubilization of K and P nutrients from coal gangue by
Bacillus velezensis
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Liu Mingwu , Liu Xiangrong , Bao Yuan , Wang Yaya
Published: October 2024

Accumulation of coal gangue (CG) poses significant risks to both human health and ecological systems, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable methods to utilize this abundant waste material effectively. In this study, we successfully screened and isolated the
Bacillus velezensis
bacterial strain to enhance the solubilization of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) nutrients from CG. The study employed XRD, FTIR, SEM, and HPLC techniques to investigate the underlying mechanisms of CG solubilization. Various parameters such as CG particle size, incubation time, initial inoculation ratio, concentration of CG, pH, and temperature were optimized to maximize solubilization efficiency. The
Bacillus velezensis
bacterium can dissolve minerals of CG by adhering to its surface and secreting various kinds of organic acids, particularly succinic acid. Pot experiments further demonstrated that
Bacillus velezensis
, in conjunction with CG, promotes alfalfa growth. These combined findings suggest that
Bacillus velezensis
and coal gangue hold promising potential as mineral soil conditioners, effectively enhancing plant growth. This approach presents a viable alternative for the environmentally responsible utilization of CG, addressing both ecological concerns and agricultural sustainability.

IMPORTANCE

Coal gangue piles not only occupy significant amounts of arable land but also cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, finding sustainable methods for the clean utilization of CG is imperative. Although previous studies have shown that bacteria can promote the solubilization of available phosphorus and available potassium from CG, their impact on promoting plant growth remains understudied. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the potential of Bacillus velezensis in enhancing the effectiveness of CG as a mineral fertilizer to support alfalfa growth. The evidence presented in this study provides an ecological strategy for the utilization of CG.
An accumulated mutation gained in mosquito cells enhances Zika virus virulence and fitness in mice
Authors: Fan Xiao-Xuan , Li Rui-Ting , Zhu Yi-Bin , Chen Qi , Li Xiao-Feng , Cao Tian-Shu , Zhao Hui , Cheng Gong , Qin Cheng-Feng
Published: October 2024

Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a significant public health threat worldwide. A number of adaptive mutations have accumulated within the genome of ZIKV during global transmission, some of which have been linked to specific phenotypes. ZIKV maintains an alternating cycle of replication between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts, but the role of mosquito-specific adaptive mutations in ZIKV has not been well investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that serial passaging of ZIKV in mosquito Aag2 cells led to the emergence of critical amino acid substitutions, including A94V in the prM protein and V153D and H401Y in the E protein. Further characterization via reverse genetics revealed that the H401Y substitution in the E protein did not augment viral replication in mosquitoes but significantly enhanced neurovirulence and lethality compared with those of the wild-type (WT) virus in mice. More importantly, the H401Y mutant maintained its virulence phenotype in mice after propagation in mosquitoes in mosquito-mouse cycle model. In particular, recombinant ZIKV harboring the H401Y substitution showed enhanced competitive fitness over WT ZIKV in various mammalian cells and mouse brains, but not in mosquito cells. Notably, the H401Y substitution in the ZIKV E protein has been detected in recent isolates derived from both mosquitoes and humans in Asia and the Americas. In summary, our findings not only identify a novel virulence determinant of ZIKV but also highlight the complexity of the relationship between the evolution of vector-borne viruses and their clinical outcome in nature.

IMPORTANCE

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an important arbovirus with a global impact. Experimental evolution by serial passaging of ZIKV in susceptible cells has led to the identification of a panel of critical amino acid substitutions with specific functions. Herein, we identified a mosquito cell-derived substitution, H401Y, in the ZIKV E protein via experimental evolution. The H401Y substitution significantly enhanced viral virulence and fitness in mammal cells and mice. Notably, the H401Y substitution has been detected in recent mosquito and human isolates from regions spanning Asia to the Americas. Our work elucidates unrecognized virulence determinant in the ZIKV genome that warrants urgent attention. Moreover, the findings underscore the critical need for extensive molecular surveillance and rigorous clinical observation to establish the potential impact in natural circulation. These endeavors are crucial for unraveling the potential of mutation to act as a catalyst for future epidemics, thereby preempting the public health challenges it may pose.
Monitoring of Amplitude Spectra of Betatron Oscillations in the JINR Booster Synchrotron
Authors: Zhabitsky V. M.
Published: October 2024

Methods of processing a digital signal obtained from a four-electrode transverse position sensor of ion bunches during acceleration in a synchrotron are discussed. A technique has been developed for reconstructing the amplitude spectrum of betatron oscillations of an ion bunch in the case of a sensor displacement relative to the initial position determined during calibration. The results obtained are used to reconstruct the amplitude spectrum of betatron oscillations of a bunch after injection of xenon ions into the JINR booster synchrotron.