bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of recent developments in AI-based data processing and prediction for braced excavation design
Authors: Zhang Runhong , Chang Haoran , Goh Anthony T C
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a review of the recent advances in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for data processing and prediction in the design and construction of braced excavation systems. It introduces various AI algorithms employed in addressing complex data processing and deformation prediction challenges in braced excavation. A pivotal development has been in the area of soil parameter and in situ monitoring data processing, which facilitates more reliable site characterization for efficient design. This paper delves into wall system and deformation predictions, showcasing AI’s ability to integrate multi-source data for real-time prediction. It also addresses spatiotemporal prediction, enhancing prediction accuracy by accounting for uncertainties. The significance of groundwater is highlighted by introducing predictive models that consider groundwater drawdown. Additionally, it discusses stability prediction based on the factor of safety of braced excavation, enabling proactive safety management for the retaining wall system and the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of generative AI and large language models, providing an overview of their significance, applications, and future directions in braced excavation.
Inverting the lady’s slipper orchid: development and active–passive mechanisms in a ‘living machine’
Authors: Rowe Nick
Published: October 2024

This article comments on:

Cardoso JCF, Johnson SD, Oliveira PE. 2025. Flowers meet Newton: testing the role of gravitational pull in resupination of orchid flowers. Journal of Experimental Botany 76, 433–444. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae413
Components of star formation in NGC 253: Non-negative matrix factorization analysis with the ALCHEMI integrated intensity images
Authors: Kishikawa Ryo , Harada Nanase , Saito Toshiki , Aalto Susanne , Colzi Laura , Gorski Mark , Henkel Christian , Mangum Jeffrey G , Martín Sergio , Muller Sebastian , Nishimura Yuri , Rivilla Víctor M , Sakamoto Kazushi , van der Werf Paul , Viti Serena
Published: October 2024

It is essential to examine the physical or chemical properties of molecular gas in starburst galaxies to reveal the underlying mechanisms characterizing starbursts. We used non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to extract individual molecular or physical components involved in the star formation process in NGC 253. We used images of 148 transitions from 44 different species of the ALMA large program ALCHEMI. Additionally, we included the continuum images at ALMA Bands 3 and 7 from the same dataset. For the five NMF components (NF1–NF5), we obtained that their distributions correspond to various basic phenomena related to star formation: (i) low-density gas extended through the galactic central molecular zone (NF2), (ii) shocks (NF3), (iii) starburst regions (NF4), and (iv) young star-forming regions (NF5). The other component (NF1) is related to excitation; three components obtained by NMF (NF3, NF1, and NF5) show a strong dependence upon the upper state energies of transitions, and represent low, intermediate, and high excitation, respectively. We also compared our results using principal component analysis (PCA) previously applied to the same dataset. Molecular components extracted from NMF are similar to the ones obtained from PCA. However, NMF is better at extracting components associated with a single physical component, while a single component in PCA usually contains information on multiple physical components. This is especially true for features with weak intensities like emission from outflows. Our results suggest that NMF can be one of the promising methods for interpreting molecular line survey data, especially in the upcoming era of wide-band receivers.
Routes of importation and spatial dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants during localized interventions in Chile
Authors: Gutierrez Bernardo , Tsui Joseph L -H , Pullano Giulia , Mazzoli Mattia , Gangavarapu Karthik , Inward Rhys P D , Bajaj Sumali , Evans Pena Rosario , Busch-Moreno Simon , Suchard Marc A , Pybus Oliver G , Dunner Alejandra , Puentes Rodrigo , Ayala Salvador , Fernandez Jorge , Araos Rafael , Ferres Leo , Colizza Vittoria , Kraemer Moritz U G
Published: October 2024

Human mobility is strongly associated with the spread of SARS-CoV-2 via air travel on an international scale and with population mixing and the number of people moving between locations on a local scale. However, these conclusions are drawn mostly from observations in the context of the global north where international and domestic connectivity is heavily influenced by the air travel network; scenarios where land-based mobility can also dominate viral spread remain understudied. Furthermore, research on the effects of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) has mostly focused on national- or regional-scale implementations, leaving gaps in our understanding of the potential benefits of implementing NPIs at higher granularity. Here, we use Chile as a model to explore the role of human mobility on disease spread within the global south; the country implemented a systematic genomic surveillance program and NPIs at a very high spatial granularity. We combine viral genomic data, anonymized human mobility data from mobile phones and official records of international travelers entering the country to characterize the routes of importation of different variants, the relative contributions of airport and land border importations, and the real-time impact of the country's mobility network on the diffusion of SARS-CoV-2. The introduction of variants which are dominant in neighboring countries (and not detected through airport genomic surveillance) is predicted by land border crossings and not by air travelers, and the strength of connectivity between comunas (Chile's lowest administrative divisions) predicts the time of arrival of imported lineages to new locations. A higher stringency of local NPIs was also associated with fewer domestic viral importations. Our analysis sheds light on the drivers of emerging respiratory infectious disease spread outside of air travel and on the consequences of disrupting regular movement patterns at lower spatial scales.
Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Clubfoot Deformity: Cuboid Versus Lateral Cuneiform
Authors: Craft Madison , Calhoon Gage , Lewis Thomas R.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Tibialis anterior tendon transfer in relapsing clubfoot deformity is a well-known treatment option for dynamic forefoot supination and adduction deformities. The tibialis anterior tendon can be anchored to the lateral cuneiform or the cuboid. A complication of this surgery is overcorrection to a flatfoot deformity or undercorrection that maintains the clubfoot deformity. We compared reoperation rates and clinical outcomes between these 2 groups.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study performed from 2005 to 2020. The primary outcome was repeat operation. The secondary outcome included clinical appearance scores described by Garceau and Palmer.

Results:

There were 114 clubfeet (111 patients) treated in our study. Of them, 67 (58.8%) had a transfer to the lateral cuneiform, whereas 47 (41.2%) had a transfer to the cuboid. Nine patients had reoperations which included 4 (44.4%) in the lateral cuneiform group and 5 (55.6%) in the cuboid group which was not statistically significant (P=0.485). Clinical appearance scores revealed significantly better clinical appearance in the lateral cuneiform group after surgery compared with the cuboid group (P=0.0172).

Conclusions:

There were no clinically significant differences in reoperation rates between transfers to the lateral cuneiform versus the cuboid. We did find better clinical appearance in the lateral cuneiform group after surgery compared with the cuboid group.

Level of Evidence:

Level III retrospective comparative study.
Cultural Factors, Social Structures, and Social Determinants of Health: The Need for Clarity in Assessing Psychopathology
Authors: Aggarwal Neil Krishan
Published: October 2024

Over the past decade, researchers translating anthropological theories for clinical use have debated how practitioners should assess cultural factors, social structures, and social determinants of health with patients. Advocates of structural competency have suggested that clinical cultural competency programs demonstrate limited effects on health outcomes because of the static understanding of culture employed. They recommend that cultural factors be reformulated with an emphasis on social structures. In response, researchers in cultural psychiatry specializing in cultural assessments have developed three models—sociocultural formulation (SCF), the cultural-ecosocial view, and the contextual developmental assessment—to integrate cultural and structural factors. Their methods for integration, however, differ, resulting in various understandings of psychopathology mechanisms. This paper analyzes arguments from all four positions in this debate. It reveals a lack of consensus about interrelationships among these constructs, their definitions, and methods for assessment. The article concludes with recommendations, such as developing consensus definitions with broad stakeholder involvement; adopting a data-driven approach to clarify how specific cultural, social, or structural factors interact; and identifying how extant assessments capture clinically relevant factors across constructs to develop additional assessment tools.
A clinical protocol for the diagnosis of delirium after stroke in the post-acute setting: The “post-acute stroke delirium assessment” study
Authors: Bilek Aaron Jason , Barak Orly , Cialic Ron
Published: October 2024

Post-stroke delirium (PSD) is an important complication to identify in the inpatient rehabilitation setting due to its negative impact on rehabilitation outcomes. Delirium diagnosis is challenging and is rendered more so in the presence of post-stroke language and cognitive impairments. As delirium is a clinical diagnosis, the majority of PSD studies use a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)–based “expert clinical diagnosis” as the reference standard. However, a diagnostic protocol is rarely defined, which undermines transparency, interrater reliability, and reproducibility in delirium research. This report describes the clinical diagnostic protocol for the “Post-Acute Stroke Delirium Assessment” study, a quality improvement initiative to be conducted in adult stroke rehabilitation inpatients at a tertiary academic hospital. The main study goals are to explore how delirium features present in this patient group and to use this information to create a new screening tool specific for PSD in inpatient rehabilitation. This protocol evaluates 16 delirium features, including those encompassed by the DSM, fifth edition, text revision as well as other features absent from the DSM, and delineates how to determine whether each feature is “present, absent, or unable to assess.” This protocol may also be valuable in informing delirium diagnosis in other patient groups with or without neurological deficits.
Application of a specialist nurse–led wireless smart monitoring system in elderly patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wen Yating , Wen Yaru , Sun Xiaoyan
Published: October 2024

Background:

With the increase in the elderly population, the prevalence of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) among older adults has significantly risen, becoming one of the crucial cardiovascular diseases affecting the health and quality of life of the elderly. Patients with persistent AF require continuous cardiac function monitoring to prevent possible complications such as stroke and heart failure. Traditional monitoring methods often necessitate frequent hospital visits, increasing the economic burden and psychological stress on patients. With advancements in medical technology, wireless smart monitoring systems have emerged as a new remote health care technology, offering a more convenient and effective monitoring option for patients with persistent AF. Specialist nurses play a pivotal role in monitoring and managing patients using these systems. Their professional knowledge and skills are vital for improving monitoring efficiency and patient compliance. Therefore, this study aims to explore the application of wireless smart monitoring systems led by specialist nurses in elderly patients with persistent AF, in hopes of providing a scientific basis for improving the monitoring and management of this patient group.

Methods:

A total of 88 elderly patients with persistent atrial fibrillation admitted to the Cardiology Ward of a tertiary hospital in Weifang City from October 2021 to April 2023 were selected as research subjects. They were divided into an intervention group and a control group with conventional care, with 44 cases in each group, according to the order of admission. The control group received conventional hospitalization guidance, while the intervention group utilized a wireless smart monitoring system led by specialist nurses. The effects before and after the intervention in both groups were compared.

Results:

The intervention group patients had better scores in terms of mental stress, sleep quality, and comfort compared with the control group, and the nursing shift change time during hospitalization for the intervention group was shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

The wireless smart monitoring system led by specialist nurses can improve the mental stress and sleep conditions of elderly patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, increase comfort, and enhance the efficiency of nursing shift changes.
Demand of the senior citizens with different life quality for community health care in Weifang, China
Authors: Sun Wen , Sun Zhen , Li Zhen , Wei Li , Chen Jialin , Gao Yanqing , Xu Hao , Wu Xiaoxiao , Liu Hong
Published: October 2024

Objective:

It is to investigate the situation of life quality of the senior citizens in Weifang and demand of the senior citizens with different life quality for community health care.

Methods:

The cluster sampling is used in the questionnaire survey for 1208 old people in Weifang who are older than 60 years old in Weifang.

Result:

The average age of 1208 elderly people in the communities of Weifang is 69.19, including 532 males and 676 females. Among the community, the most demanding needs of these old people for community health care are regular physical examination (97.3%), general disease care (84.5%) and establishing health records (79.2%), safe medication guidance (78.5%), health monitoring guidance (73.5%), and hotline health consultation (72.3%). There are significant differences in the demand for community health programs among the elderly with different quality of life.

Conclusion:

There are significant differences in the needs of the elderly with different quality of life for community medical services, which requires the community and related medical and health institutions to provide differentiated services for the elderly people, improve their satisfaction with health services, and ultimately promote the overall improvement of the health situation of the elderly people.
Causal relationship between uric acid and stroke: a two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Hu Fangxiao , Yang Jie , Wu Susu , Yang Chuanhua
Published: October 2024

Many previous observational studies have disputed whether there is a link between uric acid and stroke. And the causal relationship between uric acid and stroke is unclear. To determine whether there is a causal relationship between uric acid and stroke by using mendelian randomization (MR). Uric acid dataset was obtained from Anna Kottgen et al, with a sample size of 110,347 people, including 2450,548 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Stroke pooled data from Malik R et al, publicly available in MEGASTROKE genome-wide association study, included meta-analysis data from 40,585 stroke patients and 406,111 control patients, totaling 8211,693 SNPs. The summary data of genome-wide association study of uric acid and stroke were collected from publicly available online databases. Inverse variance weighting was used to determine the causal relationship between uric acid and stroke. MR-Egger and weighted median model were used for supplementary analysis. Results were then analyzed for heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity to ensure no statistical pleiotropy and to reduce bias. A total of 27 SNPs were included in this study after the disequilibrium instrumental variables were excluded. Check the PhenoScanner database for SNPs associated with confounders. In the end, a total of 8 SNPs were excluded. Two SNPs were excluded because the correction direction was the same. Since the F statistic is >10, rs10761587 and rs1825043 are excluded. Finally, 15 SNPs were selected as uric acid instrumental variables. Inverse variance weighting-fixed effect model suggested that there was no causal relationship between uric acid and stroke (odds ratio = 1.004, 95% confidence interval = 0.940, 1.072). MR-Egger and weighted median model also showed the same result. In addition, the results of this study were robust without heterogeneity and pleiotropy. This MR study suggests no support of a causal relationship between uric acid and stroke.
The application effect of preventive nursing intervention in patients with traumatic flail chest: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxia , Sun Lingxue , Yan Weiru , Liang Yawei , Wu Jingru , Dai Yaqing
Published: October 2024

This retrospective study explores the intervention effect of preventive nursing on participants with traumatic flail chest caused by multiple rib fractures. In this study, 92 patients with multiple rib fractures from a certain hospital from July 2020 to June 2022 were chosen as the research subjects. They were divided into research group and a control group according to different nursing methods. The control group received routine care. The research group received preventive care on the basis of the control group. Then, questionnaire survey was collected to evaluate the quality of life, pain degree, psychological state, complications, and lung function recovery of patients before and after nursing. In the quality of life score, before nursing, the scores of the research group and the control group were between 52 and 69, and the difference among the participants in the experiment did not possess statistical significance (P > .05). After nursing, the scores of the research group were markedly superior to the control group, and all scores possessed statistical significance (P < .05). In the pain score, the pain scores of the research group and the control group before preventive nursing were 7.87 ± 0.86 and 7.68 ± 0.75, respectively, and the difference among the participants in the experiment did not possess statistical significance (P > .05). After 6 months of nursing, the pain scores of the participants in the experiment were 2.84 ± 0.69 and 3.04 ± 0.72, respectively. The difference among the participants in the experiment possessed statistical significance (P < .05). In the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the psychological state scores of the experimental group and the control group before intervention nursing were 52.87 ± 4.97 and 51.74 ± 4.56, respectively, and the scores after intervention nursing were 22.68 ± 4.69 and 36.87 ± 5.21, respectively. The difference among the participants in the experiment possessed statistical significance (P < .05). Preventive nursing interventions can improve long-term quality of life, significantly alleviate postoperative pain, decrease the incidence of postoperative complications, as well as enhance nursing satisfaction in patients with traumatic flail chest.
Influence of greater occipital nerve block on the relief of acute migraine: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Wenzhong , Tang Liping
Published: October 2024

Background:

Greater occipital nerve (GON) block may help relieve acute migraine, and this meta-analysis aimed to investigate the influence of GON block on pain relief of acute migraine.

Methods:

We systematically searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases, and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of GON block for acute migraine. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model regardless of the heterogeneity.

Results:

Four RCTs and 224 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with control intervention in acute migraine, GON block intervention could significantly reduce pain scores at 45 to 60 minutes (MD = −2.31; 95% CI = −3.08 to −1.53; P < .00001) and pain scores at 30 minutes (MD = −1.95; 95% CI = −2.61 to −1.29; P < .00001), but demonstrated no impact on pain scores at 0 to 15 minutes (MD = −0.46; 95% CI = −1.00 to 0.08; P = .09), sustained headache relief (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 0.06–36.66; P = .82) or rescue medication (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.01–19.16; P = .59).

Conclusions:

GON block intervention may be able to alleviate pain intensity for acute migraine patients.
Effects of phytosterol supplementation on lipid profiles and apolipoproteins: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Yi-Feng , Qiao Wanning , Feng Hanxiao , Jiang Kuan , Yang Jinzhao , Zhou Tao , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2024

Background:

The use of phytosterols and phytostanols (PS) as food supplements to control plasma cholesterol concentrations has recently received attention as its efficacy has been endorsed by scientific authorities and leading guidelines. However, the effects of phytosterols on lipid profiles and atherosclerosis remain incomplete and controversial. This study aims to investigate the effects of PS supplementation on lipid profiles and apolipoproteins in adults based on a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:

A comprehensive search was conducted for RCTs published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science as of May 2024. Random effects model was utilized to determine the mean differences and 95% confidence interval for changes in circulating lipid profiles and apolipoproteins.

Results:

Twenty-eight RCTs with a total of 1777 participants (895 cases and 882 controls) are included in the qualitative synthesis. PS supplementation significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) levels, as well as Apo-B/apolipoprotein A1 ratios, but increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. PS supplementation dose is associated with TC, LDL-c, and Apo-B levels in a dose–response manner.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that dietary phytosterols can effectively promote the reduction of TC, LDL-c, and Apo-B, along with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults.
Advances in research on medications for the treatment of alcohol use disorders: A review
Authors: Chen Yuzhou , Zong Luxin , Zhao Qunde , Liu Chuanxin
Published: October 2024

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has become a global public health challenge, with the social and economic costs of alcohol abuse escalating, drawing widespread attention from healthcare professionals and the public worldwide. Particularly in recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures have led to a significant increase in global alcohol consumption, further exacerbating the risk of AUD and sparking in-depth discussions on its prevention and treatment methods. Given that the current mainstay of AUD treatment relies on pharmacotherapy, the aim of this article is to review the progress of existing drug research for the treatment of AUD, and at the same time to focus on drug classes that have not yet been applied to the clinic, but have been shown in recent studies to be potentially exploitable for the treatment of AUD, in order to provide new ideas and directions for future drug research and development efforts.
Knowledge framework and emerging trends of invasive pulmonary fungal infection: A bibliometric analysis (2003–2023)
Authors: Liu Ben , Dai Wenling , Wei Jie , Sun Siyuan , Chen Wei , Deng Yijun
Published: October 2024

The rising number of immunocompromised people has increased concerns about fungal infections as a severe public health issue. Invasive pulmonary fungal infections (IPFIs) are prevalent and often fatal, particularly for those with weakened immune systems. Understanding IPFIs is crucial. The work aims to offer a concise overview of the field’s characteristics, main research areas, development paths, and trends. This study searched the Web of Science Core Collection on June 5, 2024, collecting relevant academic works from 2003 to 2023. Analysis was conducted using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix Package in R, Microsoft Excel 2019, and Scimago Graphica. The study indicated that the USA, the University of Manchester, and Denning DW led in productivity and impact, while the Journal of Fungi topped the list in terms of publication volume and citations. High-frequency terms include “fungal infection,” “invasive,” “diagnosis,” and “epidemiology.” Keyword and trend analysis identified “influenza,” “COVID-19,” “invasive pulmonary aspergillosis,” and “metagenomic next-generation sequencing” as emerging research areas. Over the last 2 decades, research on IPFI has surged, with topics becoming more profound. These insights offer key guidance on current trends, gaps, and the trajectory of IPFI studies.
Prospective study on immune function in renal transplant patients during perioperative period: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Heng , Xian Ying , Ma Maolin , Zhang Kouxing , Hong Liangqing
Published: October 2024

Delayed graft function (DGF) is a type of acute renal failure that is closely linked to the immune system. The objective of this study is to investigate immune trends during the perioperative period of renal transplantation and compare the variations between patients with DGF and immediate graft function (IGF). A total of 48 kidney transplant patients were enrolled. Parameters including stimulated adenosine triphosphatase concentrations (sATP), nonstimulated ATP concentrations, white blood cells, and lymphocyte count were assessed. Patients were categorized into the DGF or IGF group. Clinical information and changes in immune markers were compared. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity in predicting DGF. Additionally, separate immune function analyses were conducted for the 3 infection cases. Following induction immunosuppressive therapy, white blood cells, and neutrophil count showed a significant initial increase followed by a gradual decline. Lymphocyte count, nonstimulated ATP concentrations, and sATP exhibited an initial significant decrease followed by a slow recovery. Immune markers between the DGF and IGF groups were significantly different at day 4 after renal transplantation. Only sATP levels at day 4 after renal transplantation (area under the curve = 0.731, sensitivity = 0.864, specificity = 0.684) demonstrated predictive value for DGF occurrence. Among the 3 infection cases, 2 cases exhibited persistently decreased sATP levels and died within the first month and 6 months, while the remaining case showed a recovery of sATP levels at D9 and survived. These findings indicate that sATP level can potentially serve as a biomarker reflecting the impact of immunosuppressants. Poor recovery of sATP may be associated with DGF, infection, or even mortality.
Risk and clinical characteristics of spinal cord compression across different mucopolysaccharidosis types: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Insung , Sung Juyoung , Ahn Yoon Ji , Im Minji , Kim Min-Ji , Park Se-Jun , Cho Sung Yoon
Published: October 2024

In patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans leads to various complications, including spinal cord compression (SCC). Although SCC is a well-known complication in MPS, data comparing its clinical features across different MPS types remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the timing, location, and underlying causes of SCC in MPS, as well as to compare the risk and clinical characteristics by MPS type. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, reviewing the medical records of 183 patients with all types of MPS who were followed at Samsung Medical Center from January 1995 to March 2024. The distribution of patients diagnosed with SCC by MPS type was 33.3% for type I, 10.5% for type II, 55.0% for type IV, and 100% for type VI. The median age at SCC diagnosis was 16.3 years. Compared to type II, the risk of SCC was higher for type I (2.4 times, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9–6.2), type IV (3.5 times; 95% CI: 1.5–8.1), and type VI (4.5 times, 95% CI: 1.2–16.4). Enzyme replacement therapy did not reduce the risk of SCC (P = .70). Moreover, SCC most frequently occurred at the C0 to C4 and T11 to L2 spinal levels. In the cervical spine, ligament thickening, and skeletal deformities were the predominant causes, whereas in the thoracolumbar spine, kyphoscoliosis and intervertebral disc issues were the main contributors. Although there was no significant difference in the location of SCC (P = .99), the underlying causes varied significantly by MPS type (P < .001). SCC is a common complication in MPS, but its risk and pathophysiology vary by MPS type. Therefore, an individualized approach is needed for early detection and appropriate intervention.
Frontiers of myopia research in the 21st century: A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most influential articles in the field
Authors: Xun Qi , Mei Wenjing , Zhang Xuan , Pang Yazheng , Yu Juan
Published: October 2024

Myopia is the most common refractive error worldwide, contributing not only to visual impairment but also serving as a potential risk factor for various severe ocular diseases. Its impact on patients’ quality of life and health is significant and imposes substantial socioeconomic burdens. In this study, we analyzed the top 100 most cited articles related to myopia published in the Web of Science Core Collection database from January 2000 to February 2024. Using data visualization tools CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica, we identified the most influential research papers and academic journals in the field of myopia. The top 100 most influential articles were published in 25 renowned journals across 30 countries, with Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science being the most prolific. Ophthalmology had the highest total citation frequency, while The Lancet had the highest average citation frequency. The United States and the National University of Singapore were the top countries and institutions with the most published papers. The 3 major research directions are Ophthalmology, Medicine, General & Internal, and Genetics & Heredity. The top 5 co-occurring keywords were refractive error, risk factors, prevalence, eye growth, and form-deprivation myopia. Cluster analysis results highlighted focal points such as retinal detachment, high myopia, and contrast sensitivity, indicating potential future research trends. Prospective research directions include investigating the pathogenesis of myopia, updating diagnostic technologies, and identifying risk genes for myopia and its complications.
Atopic disease and inflammatory bowel disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zheng Dongyuan , Xu Qinke , Liu Yingchao
Published: October 2024

Observational studies have reported associations between atopic diseases, including allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the causal relationship remains unknown. We utilized pooled data from genome-wide association studies, qualified instrumental variables were screened according to the 3 hypotheses of MR, and bidirectional causality between atopic diseases and IBD was assessed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (2SMR). The results of our study suggest that AR increased the risk of Crohn disease (CD) (IVW OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02–1.39, P = .026), ulcerative colitis (UC) (IVW OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01–1.29, P = .031) and overall IBD (IVW OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.28, P = .015); Asthma increased the risk of CD (IVW OR = 7.66, 95% CI = 1.58–37.20, P = .012), UC (IVW OR = 3.81, 95% CI = 1.09–13.32, P = .036) and overall IBD (IVW OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 1.48–17.70, P = .010); AD increased the risk of CD (IVW OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02–1.39, P = .023) and overall IBD (IVW OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.03–1.28, P = .015) risk. In reverse causality, only CD increased the risk of AR (IVW OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00–1.05, P = .031). This study shows that atopic diseases of AR and asthma are causally related to IBD and its subtypes, and AD is causally related to IBD (which may be attributed to CD). Of the reverse causality, only CD was causally related to AR.
Occlusive retinal vasculitis and scleritis following brolucizumab treatment: A case report
Authors: Onagawa Shunpei , Miura Masahiro
Published: October 2024

Rationale:

Brolucizumab is an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent. Clinical trials have demonstrated excellent efficacy of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in terms of both visual and anatomic outcomes. However, compared with conventional anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, this new treatment has a higher incidence of complications, particularly the development of occlusive retinal vasculitis. In this case report, we describe a patient who developed occlusive retinal vasculitis following brolucizumab treatment for age-related macular degeneration, followed by scleritis 141 days later.

Patient concerns:

A 67-year-old Japanese man with a diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in his right eye has received 18 intravitreal injections of aflibercept in the past 4 years. Because of a decline in treatment efficacy, intravitreal brolucizumab injection (IVBr) was initiated. However, 17 days after the second IVBr, the patient developed extensive occlusive retinal vasculitis with intraocular inflammation.

Diagnosis:

Occlusive retinal vasculitis in the right eye was diagnosed as a complication of brolucizumab therapy.

Interventions:

Corticosteroid treatment was initiated.

Outcomes:

The occlusive retinal vasculitis resolved 121 days after the second IVBr, and corticosteroid treatment was discontinued on day 138. However, on day 158 after the second IVBr, scleritis with intraocular inflammation developed. By day 184 after the second IVBr, both the scleritis and intraocular inflammation had resolved with the resumption of topical corticosteroid treatment.

Lessons:

This case underscores the potential for brolucizumab-induced scleritis and emphasizes the importance of recognizing and promptly managing this complication. Furthermore, it highlights the need for long-term careful follow-up in patients who develop occlusive retinal vasculitis after brolucizumab treatment.
Bibliometric analysis of research hotspots and global trends in patient safety education for nursing students
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Yi-Wen , Hu Xin-Ping , Mei Hua
Published: October 2024

Patient safety education for nursing students has recently garnered interest. However, there is a paucity of data on the key areas and global trends over time. This study aims to analyze research patterns in the field of patient safety education for nursing students, identifying key contributors and global trends. A descriptive bibliometric approach was employed to analyze 782 articles related to patient safety education using data from the Web of Science Core Collection and CiteSpace 6.2. R4. Co-occurrence and co-citation analyses were conducted to identify prominent authors, institutions, countries, and common keywords. The analysis revealed contributions from 335 authors and 302 institutions across 78 countries. Levett-Jones T emerged as the most prolific author with 12 articles. The United States and the University System of Ohio were identified as the most productive countries and institutions, with 276 and 26 articles, respectively. Frequently occurring keywords included patient safety, education, medical education, simulation training, and standardized patients. This study provides valuable insights into the global research landscape of patient safety education in nursing, highlighting key contributors and trends. These findings can assist nursing students, educators, and researchers in identifying potential collaborators and informing future research to advance patient safety education in nursing.
Acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1, IDH2, and SETD2 mutations mimicking acute promyelocytic leukemia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chen Xiang-Lei , Zeng Shan-Shan
Published: October 2024

Rationale:

Acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1, IDH2, and SETD2 mutations can mimic acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and poses a challenge for the early and accurate differentiation and diagnosis of APL with PML::RARA.

Patient concerns:

A 70-year-old man was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1, IDH2, and SETD2 mutations.

Diagnosis:

APL-like acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1, IDH2, and SETD2 mutations was made.

Interventions:

The patient received all-trans retinoic acid 20 mg 3 times a day for 22 days, azacitidine 100 mg subcutaneously once daily for 7 days, and venetoclax 100 mg once daily for 12 days.

Outcomes:

Due to economical constraints, the patient stopped further treatment, and outcome was dismal.

Lessons:

The comprehensive evaluation of bone marrow morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology is essential for the accurate diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia.
Multiple Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytomas (PSPs)
Authors: Wan Ying , Zhou Ping , Miao Yuqing , Jiang Lili
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) is a rare neoplasm with indolent clinical behavior and usually presents as a solitary nodule, while only a few cases involving multiple nodules. Recent studies have revealed frequent AKT1 mutations in PSP; however, the molecular genetics of multiple PSPs remain unclear. To better understand the genetic background, eleven patients (4.2%, 11/260) with multiple PSP nodules were identified, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 6 patients. Among 5 patients with 2 or 3 PSP nodules, AKT1 alterations were the most common (50%, 7/14), and the predominant alteration was p.E17K (21.4%, 3/14). Novel ARID1A mutations were the second most common driver (14.3%, 2/14), and we first identified these mutations cooccurred with AKT1 p.E17K mutation. Moreover, we observed limited concordance in the mutation spectra and few comutated genes among different lesions from these 5 patients, indicating that PSP with 2 or 3 nodules were independent arising tumors. No AKT1 mutations were identified in 3 PSP samples from a patient with multiple diffuse nodules. However, there were 17 shared genetic alterations among the 3 lesions, but none were typical driver mutations. The findings on multiple diffuse PSP nodules may also have independent origins, but the potential that some of these nodules are metastatic nodules cannot be excluded. In conclusion, this retrospective study is the largest series of multiple PSP cases and provides new insights into the genomic underpinning of PSP. This work has a potential to broaden our understanding of the pathogenesis and development of these lesions and warrants analysis in larger cohorts.
Intra-articular knee injections in patients with primary osteoarthritis in a tertiary clinical setting: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Kayaalp Mahmut Enes , Hakam Hassan Tarek , Klugarová Jitka , Klugar Miloslav , Peričić Tina Poklepović , Bała Małgorzata M. , Becker Roland , Prill Robert
Published: October 2024

Aims:

This project aimed to improve physicians’ adherence to evidence-based practices regarding the selection and administration of intra-articular knee injections for patients with osteoarthritis. The project also aimed to empower patients by increasing their awareness of these evidence-based practices.

Introduction:

In the management of knee osteoarthritis, intra-articular injections are commonly used when initial treatments prove inadequate. However, issues such as patients’ demand for rapid relief and variability in physicians’ familiarity with optimal practices often lead to suboptimal treatment decisions and potential adverse outcomes.

Methods:

This project followed the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework, which is grounded in an audit, feedback, and re-audit process. Initially, physicians were surveyed on the topic under consideration, and hospital records were reviewed. Subsequently, targeted interventions were implemented, including briefings and the distribution of informative flyers.

Results:

The baseline audit indicated low adherence with all audit criteria. Various parameters, such as adherence to best clinical practices, informed decision-making by patients, and the recommendation of alternative treatment modalities, were significantly lacking. Following the interventions, substantial improvements were observed, including higher rates of adherence to best clinical practices by physicians for multiple criteria, such as stepwise referral to conservative therapy options and the content of intra-articular injections.

Conclusions:

Adherence to best clinical practices can be improved through educational briefings for physicians on the most current evidence-based treatment practices for injectable substances in knee osteoarthritis. The active engagement of patients, facilitated by informative flyers and physician assistance, contributed to better involvement in their treatment choices. However, the participation of health care institutions and providers as well as lifelong education practices may be necessary for more comprehensive and sustainable changes.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A277
Secreted Clever-1 Modulates T Cell Responses and Impacts Cancer Immunotherapy Efficacy
Authors: Prince Stuart , Viitala Miro , Sjöroos Riikka , Bendes Ábris Á. , Rannikko Jenna H. , Patten Daniel A. , di Benedetto Ilaria , Tyni Laura , Figueiredo Carlos R. , Koskivuo Ilkka , Salminen Tiina A. , Shetty Shishir , Hollmén Maija
Published: October 2024

Clever-1 functions as a scavenger and adhesion receptor, promoting tolerogenic activities in macrophages and subsets of endothelial cells, thereby contributing to cancer progression. High Clever-1 expression associates with resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and combined targeting of Clever-1 with anti-PD-1 enhances response in refractory mouse tumor models. A Clever-1–targeting humanized IgG4 antibody, bexmarilimab, is investigated in clinical trials as a macrophage-reprogramming therapy to treat solid tumors (NCT03733990) and hematological malignancies (NCT05428969). Here we describe a secreted form of (s)Clever-1 enriched in plasma of cancer patients, that was decreased upon bexmarilimab treatment. With the production of a recombinant sClever-1, mimicking the one found in human plasma, we show that sClever-1 can selectively bind activated T cells and disrupt T cell receptor signalling leading to impaired Th1 expansion. We demonstrate that sClever-1 binds to insulin growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) on T cells via its mannose-6-phosphate modification and further show that sClever-1 contributes to the immunosuppressive properties of macrophage-secreted extracellular vesicles, driving T cell tolerance and impairing anti-PD-1 efficacy. These findings suggest that Clever-1 exerts a systemic immunosuppressive effect independently of the cells it is expressed on, highlighting its potential as a target in cancer immunotherapy and a valuable biomarker for disease detection.
Leveraging AI to Automate Detection and Quantification of Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) to Decode Drug Responses
Authors: Goble Kohen , Mehta Aarav , Guilbaud Damien , Fessler Jacob , Chen Jingting , Nenad William , Cope Oliver , Cheng Darby , Dennis William , Gurumurthy Nithya , Wang Yue , Shukla Kriti , Brunk Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Traditional drug discovery efforts have largely focused on targeting rapid, reversible protein-mediated adaptations to undermine cancer cells’ resistance to therapy. However, cancer cells also exploit DNA-based strategies, typically viewed as slow, irreversible, and unpredictable changes like point mutations or the selection of drug-resistant clones. Contrary to this perception, extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) represents a form of DNA alteration that is rapid, reversible, and predictable, playing a crucial role in cancer’s adaptive response. In this study, we present a novel post-processing pipeline for the automated detection and quantification of ecDNA in Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) images using the Microscopy Image Analyzer (MIA) tool. Our approach is particularly designed to monitor ecDNA dynamics during drug treatment, providing a quantitative framework to understand how ecDNA enables cancer cells to swiftly and reversibly adapt to therapeutic pressure. This pipeline not only offers a valuable resource for researchers aiming to automate ecDNA detection in FISH images but also sheds light on the adaptive mechanisms of ecDNA in response to epigenetic remodeling agents like JQ1.
NOTCH1 drives tumor plasticity and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lindblad Katherine E. , Donne Romain , Liebling Ian , Bresnahan Erin , Barcena-Varela Marina , Lozano Anthony , Park Eric , Giotti Bruno , Burn Olivia , Fiel Maria I. , Bravo-Cordero Jose Javier , Tsankov Alexander M. , Lujambio Amaia
Published: October 2024

Liver cancer, the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, has two main subtypes: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting most of the cases, and cholangiocarcinoma (CAA). NOTCH pathway regulates the intrahepatic development of bile ducts, which are lined with cholangiocytes, but it can also be upregulated in 1/3 of HCCs. To better understand the role of NOTCH in HCC, we developed a novel mouse model driven by activated NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NICD1) and MYC overexpression in hepatocytes. Using the hydrodynamic tail vein injection method for establishing primary liver tumors, we generated a novel murine model of liver cancer harboring MYC overexpression and NOTCH1 activation. We characterized this model histopathologically as well as transcriptomically, utilizing both bulk and single cell RNA-sequencing.MYC;NICD1tumors displayed a combined HCC-CCA phenotype with temporal plasticity. At early time-points, histology was predominantly cholangiocellular, which then progressed to mainly hepatocellular. The hepatocellular component was enriched in mesenchymal genes and gave rise to lung metastasis. Metastatic cells were enriched in the TGFB and VEGF pathways and their inhibition significantly reduced the metastatic burden. Our novel mouse model uncovered NOTCH1 as a driver of temporal plasticity and metastasis in HCC, the latter of which is, in part, mediated by angiogenesis and TGFß pathways.