bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell differentiation in microsporangia of Pinus sylvestris with special attention to the tapetum. I. The pre–and early–meiotic periods
Authors: Walles Björn , Rowley John R.
Published: March 2008

The tapetal layer becomes distinct from the other layers of parietal cells about three days prior to the meiosis in the microspore mother cells. Differentiation of the tapetal cells includes an increased relative volume for dictyosomes, mitochondria and plas–tids, the appearance of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and periplasmic spaces between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. About one day before the meiosis the basophilia in tapetal cells is elevated; there are numerous nonaggregated ribo–somes, nuclei are intensely stainable, and the rough ER is dilated. There is also a partial digestion of the cell walls around microspore mother cells and tapetal cells including the adaxial wall of the adjacent parietal cell layer. A wedge–shaped portion of the wall system between this parietal cell layer and tapetal cells is not lysed. A lamellation in the middle lamellar position is also spared. That lamellation remains prominent as the extratapetal lamellation. By the initiation of meiosis the surfaces of both tapetal and microspore mother cells are entirely free of cell walls. During that period the intense basophilia of tapetal cells recedes and there are many polyribosomes, an extensive system of rough ER, dictyosomes with vesicles containing fibrils, multivesicular bodies, and autophagic vacuoles. Microtubules occur close to the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane–glycocalyx differs in portions of the surface facing the extratapetal lamellation from the Iocular facing surface. We presume that the abaxial portion of tapetal cells with cavations containing glycocalyx–like filaments is a region of uptake and that the adaxial surface with detached glycocalyx is secretory.
Pyrenomycetous fungi of Punjab III. Xylaria punjabensis sp. nov. from India
Authors: Dargan Joginder Singh , Singh Mukhtiar
Published: March 2008

Xylaria punjabensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated on the basis of a collection made from Punjab State (India).
Geranium thessalum sp. nov. from northern Greece Materials for the Mountain Flora of Greece, 13
Authors: Franzen R.
Published: March 2008

Geranium thessalum is described from Mt Siniatsikon (Askion) in N Greece. It is closely related to G. subcaulescensĽHer. ex DC. and G. cinereum Cav. It grows in alpine habitats between 1700 and 2100 m. The taxonomic position of the species is discussed.
Studies in African Cyperaceae 24. New taxa and combinations in Ascolepis and Isolepis
Authors: Lye Kåre Arnstein
Published: March 2008

One new species, three new subspecies and two new varieties of Ascolepis Steudel and one new species of Isolepis R. Br. are described from East Africa, viz. Ascolepis lineariglumis Lye, A. lineariglumis Lye var. pulcherrima Lye, A. protea Welw. ssp. rhizomatosa Lye, A. protea Welw. ssp. atropurpurea Lye, A. protea Welw. ssp. chrysocephala Lye, A. pusilla Ridley var. microcuspis Lye, and Isolepis keniaensis Lye. Two new combinations are made, viz. Ascolepis protea Welw. ssp. anthemiflora (Welw.) Lye and A. protea Welw. ssp. bellidiflora (Welw.) Lye.
Analysis of a virgin páramo plant community on Volcán Sumaco, Ecuador
Authors: Løjtnant Bernt , Molau Ulf
Published: March 2008

During the first biological expedition from P. Universidád Cató1ica del Ecuador to Volcán Sumaco, Ecuador (1979), a virgin páramo plant community was studied. The investigated area was situated above the timberline at an altitude of approximately 3650 m. Analysis of the composition of the vegetation was performed according to the methods of Raunkiaer and Hult–Sernander–DuRietz. Along with the vegetation analysis, soil samples were taken. The results obtained support the hypothesis that the páramo of Sumaco is very young, representing an early stage in páramo plant succession. Upon investigation, the páramo plant community was found to be dominated by bryophytes, especially liverworts, and low shrubby plants. Blechnum loxense tree–ferns and over–disperged Cortaderia nitida tussocks were conspicuous features. The floristic composition shows many similarities with descriptions of pioneer communities from other parts of the N Andes. Most taxa found on Sumaco have dispersal means facilitating long–distance dispersal. The data from Sumaco are especially interesting since the vegetation is not disturbed by cattle grazing or any form of regular human activity.

This is contribution no. 32 to the AAU–Ecuador project.
The aquatic, non–stauroconidial hyphomycetes of Norway with notes on the Nordic species
Authors: Bråthen Ingar
Published: March 2008

A key is given to the 9 genera of non–stauroconidial aquatic hyphomycetes so far found in the Nordic countries. Notes on genera and 15 species are given, including distribution in Norway and previous Nordic records. The 11 Norwegian species are illustrated.
Accumulation of poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the transplanted lichen Ramalina duriaei in air quality biomonitoring experiments
Authors: Garty Jacob , Perry Albert S. , Mozel Jacob
Published: March 2008

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the range of 0.17–5.1 ppm were found in the lichen Ramalina duriaei (De not.) Jatta transplanted at various sites in the environment for biomonitoring of airborne PCBs. Highest PCB values were found in lichens located at busy road intersections, where traffic is ordinarily heavy, while lower amounts of 1.0 ppm or less were characteristic of lichens located at sites removed from traffic or in more isolated agricultural areas. The present investigation demonstrates the feasibility of using lichens as PCB monitors in air.
New species of Roccellinastrum with an emendation of the genus
Authors: Henssen Aino , Vobis Gemot , Renner Bernd
Published: March 2008

The genus Roccellinastrum Follm. emend. Henssen & Vobis is placed in the Lecideaceae. Two new species are described, R. epiphyllum Henssen & Vobis, from Chile and R. neglectum Henssen & Vobis, from New Zealand and Tasmania. The new combination R. candidum (Mull. Arg.) Henssen is proposed. Roccellinastrum is characterized by apothecia of diverse shape without a proper margin, and a developmental morphology corresponding to that of the Lecanorales, by small amyloid asci, branched paraphyses and excipular hyphae, a byssoid–spon–giose thallus composed of thick–walled hyphae, and members of the Chlorococcales as phycobionts. The principal chemical constituent is protocetraric acid. The species have different spore septation and chemistry. Summary in Spanish.
Ultrastructure and taxonomy of Paraphysomonas (Chrysophyceae) and related genera 2
Authors: Preisig Hans Rudolf , Hibberd David J.
Published: March 2008

This is the second of two accounts reporting on the occurrence and systematics of freshwater species of the colourless chrysophycean genus Paraphysomonas in the Cambridge area, using electron microscopy of whole mounts of both cells and scales and sections of scales. Twenty species are included here, eleven of which are new: P. cancellala, P. canistrum, P. homolepis, P. ignivoma, P. limbata, P. morchella, P. runcinifera, P. stelligera, P. stephanolepis, P. subquadrangularis and P. undulata. Five new subspecies are also established: P. circumvallata ssp. mediogranulata, P. poteriophora ssp. manubriata, P. punctata ssp. atrema, ssp. microlepis and ssp. simplicior. P. diademifera (Takahashi) comb. nov. [=Lepidochromonas diademifera (Takahashi) Kristiansen] has been included in Paraphysomonas since it has been found to be colourless and not pigmented as originally described and also to possess scales of a similar structure to those in other species of Paraphysomonas. One previously described species, P. inconspicua Takahashi, is here considered as a synonym of P. butcheri Pennick & Clarke. P. vacuolata Thomsen is removed from Paraphysomonas since it has been found to possess a chloroplast and will be included in a new genus in the third paper of this series. The 37 presently known species of Paraphysomonas have been arranged in 11 different groups according to similarities in scale structure. Consideration of the possible evolution of scale structure in Paraphysomonas and the possible interrelationships within the genus led to the conclusion that all species should be included in a single genus.
Notes on the genus Chroesthes (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Hansen Bertel
Published: March 2008

Chroesthes is contrasted with Lepidagathis and Asystasia. The generic description is emended. Three new combinations are given viz. Chroesthes bracteata, C. lanceolata, and C. longifolia. A full synonymy is given for each species, and the distribution is mapped.
Development, oil storage and dehiscence of peltate trichomes in Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Bruni Alessandro , Modenesi Paolo
Published: March 2008

The development, oil storage and dehiscence mechanism of the peltate oil–producing trichome in Thymus vulgaris L. was studied by conventional, fluorescence and electron scanning microscopy. A single epidermal initial forms the glandular trichome whose primordium becomes distinguishable from non–glandular trichomes at its 3–celled stage. The further divisions determine the formation of three functional compartments, (a) a basal reservoir cell, (b) an “endodermal” cell, and (c) a group of secretory head cells. At first, the gland head shows a bowl–like shape with a folded cuticular covering that raises successively assuming a dome–like form. During the differentiation of the gland cells, histochemical tests reveal the occurrence of a precise sequence of metabolic events: synthesis of RNA, proteins, glycoproteins, polysaccharides and, finally osmiophilic substances. At maturity, the cuticular sheath is formed by a non–cellulosic polysaccharide framework on which the cuticle is deposed. Proceeding towards the senescence, the polysaccharide framework disappears and a large crescent shaped pore forms, whereby essential oils are released. Collected results are discussed in order to interpret gland function and essential oil production.
Observations on the Bolbitiaceae – 23. Interesting Danish members of the family
Authors: Watling Roy
Published: March 2008

Conocybe huijsmanii Watling, C. elegans Watling and C. parvula Dossing & Watling are described as new species. Bolbitius lacleus J. E. Lange is redescribed and neotypified, and C. utriformis P. D. Orton is recorded for the first time for Denmark. Short notes on a collection agreeing with Jakob E. Lange's interpretation of Pholiota brunneola and on Danish material of Agrocybe firma (Peck) Singer are offered.
Scale–bearing Chrysophyceae (Mallomonadaceae) from Central and Northern Canada
Authors: Kling H. J. , Kristiansen J.
Published: March 2008

In this study, scale–bearing Chrysophyceae (Mallomonadaceae) have been examined by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Lakes in four areas in central and northern Canada, viz. Experimental Lakes Area (ELA), in northwestern Ontario, Whiteshell Provincial Park and Southern Indian Lake in eastern and northern Manitoba, respectively, and Saqvaqjuac on the west coast of Hudson Bay in the Northwest Territories have been investigated. Forty–three species of the genera Mallomonas, Paraphysomonas, Spiniferomonas and Synura have been identified in addition to three species of the genus Chrysochromulina (Prymnesiophyceae). Ten species are new to Canada; five of these have not previously been recorded from North America. Paraphysomonas elegantissima sp. nov. is described. The composition of the Canadian chrysophycean flora is compared with the chrysophycean flora of North America as a whole.
General aspects of angiosperm evolution and macrosystematics
Authors: Dahlgren Rolf
Published: March 2008

Taxonomy makes increasing use of significant results from many fields of research including the rapidly developing fields of micro– and macromolecular chemistry, ultrastructure and micromorphology in combination with macromorphology, anatomy, embryology, cytology, paleontology, biological interaction and distribution. Some of these results have contributed to make the current systems of classifications more concordant. Recent studies on Cretaceous fossils are related to present–day angiosperms and their floral types. It is concluded that pleiomerous flowers with helically arranged parts (corresponding to the Magnolia type, though probably less elaborate), on the basis of recent evidence can still be regarded as the probably earliest floral type in angiosperms. But the trimerous flowers must also have appeared very early, at least in the Albian. There is also evidence that the monocotyledons had differentiated as a separate group at that time. Similarities between certain extant monocotyledons and certain dicotyledons, in particular between some Dios–coreales and some Annonales–Aristolochiales, indicate that the monocotyledons had their roots in early Cretaceous pro–Magnoliiflorae. Fossil petaliferous flowers from Cenomanian layers, and later of a variety of flower types, such as the obdiplostemo–nous, petaliferous, epigynous Scandianthus (similar to extant saxifragaceous genera), or flowers with secondarily pleiomerous androecia of the theaceous type are discussed in relation to the distribution of corresponding floral types in extant dicotyledons. The main features of the author's classification of angiosperms are outlined with notes on important, though often neglected, aspects and critical problems. Finally, an updated table of classification down to family rank is presented.
New taxa and name changes in tropical Asiatic Rubiaceae
Authors: Tirvengadum D. D.
Published: March 2008

Four new genera, viz. Deccania Tirveng., Dioecrescis Tirveng., Fagerlindio Tirveng., Kailarsenia Tirveng., one new subgenus, viz. Aidia subgen. Lankaidia Tirveng., seven new species and thirty four of new combinations for South and South East Asia are published, pending the publication of the generic delimitation and revision of the Rubiaceae–Gardenieae in forthcoming flora treatments. New combinations are also included for a few taxa from Malesia, Indonesia and the Philippines.
Leaf anatomy and relationships of Dietes (Iridaceae)
Authors: Rudall Paula
Published: March 2008

The leaf anatomy of Dietes is described, including all 6 species. Characters support the morphological evidence that Dietes is a distinct genus and related to other Iridoideae. Certain features, notably the epidermal structure and sheath vasculature, distinguish it from other Iridaceous genera, although the sheath vasculature indicates a relationship with some New World Iridoideae. The leaf margin type is similar to that of other Old World Iridoideae. Many leaf anatomical characters in Dietes are associated with xeromorphy. Leaf anatomy supports the division of Dietes into 2 subgenera.
Drift–line vegetation on well–drained, medium exposed beaches in the outward region of the fjords of Hordaland, Western Norway
Authors: Losvik Mary Holmedal
Published: March 2008

Drift vegetation of annual and perennial species in the littoral belt above mean high water of 10 beaches in Western Norway is considered. Spatially the variation of vegetation is effected mainly by tidal fluctuations, and the vegetation units are grouped in four belts according to position in zonation. Eleven driftcommunities are recognized. Major patterns of physical contact between stands of communities are shown, variations probably result from differences in nutrient supplies and drainage. Variation of vegetation in time is due to impacts of extreme high tides, heavy storms and changes in level due to allochthonous and autochthonous material which are superimposed on established gradient structures. The disturbances have greater consequences in the outer parts of the investigated areas, and the vegetation usually is more stable in the inner parts.
The genus Phaeophyscia in East Africa
Authors: Moberg Roland
Published: March 2008

Eight species of the lichen genus Phaeophyscia are recorded from East Africa. Two species, P. confusa Moberg and P. fumosa Moberg, are described as new. The delimitation of the genus is discussed and the publication date of the combinations P. hirsuta (Mereschk.) Moberg, P. hispidula (Ach.) Moberg and P. rubropulchra (De–gel.) Moberg is stated.
Taxonomy of Sonerila (Melastomataceae) in Ceylon
Authors: Lundin Roger
Published: March 2008

Sonerila, a large genus of the tribe Sonerilaeae, comprises about 175 species in tropical Asia. In Ceylon 22 species are recognized and most of them can be grouped into three endemic species groups. Descriptions, discussions, and a key to all species as well as illustrations of them are provided. S. crassicaulis Lundin and S. silvatica Lundin are described and the new combinations S. glabricaulis (C.B. Cl.) Lundin and 5. firma (C.B. CI.) Lundin are made. All species are endemic to Ceylon, where they are confined to the central and the south western parts. They are herbaceous to somewhat woody herbs.
Phycotype pairs in Nephroma, Peltigera and Lobaria in Norway
Authors: Tønsberg Tor , Holtan–Hartwig Jon
Published: March 2008

Green and blue–green phycotype pairs formed by the lichensNephroma arcticum(L.) Torss.,Peltigera aphthosa(L.) Willd.,P. britannica(Gyelnik) Holt.–Hartw. & Tønsb. comb. nov. andLobaria amplissima(Scop.) Forss. are reported, and their possible occurrence inPeltigera venosa(L.) Baumg. is considered. A blue–green phycotype ofNephroma arcticumis reported for the first time. The taxonomy, chemistry and distribution of thePeltigera aphthosagroup in Norway are discussed.
Culture studies of Acrochaete leptochaete comb. nov. and A. wittrockii comb. nov. (Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Nielsen Ruth
Published: March 2008

A culture study of the plants known as Phaeophila leptochaete (Huber) Nielsen and P. wittrockii (Wille) Nielsen proved that these are distinct species. Both have the Acrochaete type of hairs, and therefore, the new combinations Acrochaete leptochaete and A. wittrockii are introduced. Several isolates of both species were started from plants collected at different places in Europe.

A. leptochaete in culture was mainly characterised by having two or more (up to six) pyrenoids in many of its cells, while in A. wittrockii there invariably was only one. The swarmers formed by A. leptochaete had two or four flagella. Several hairs from one basal swelling were sometimes observed in one of the isolates. Another isolate often formed a hair on the germinated zoospore. The isolates of A. wittrockii had a variable morphology, from unicellular plants to large pseudoparenchymatous cell masses. Different kinds of swarmers were observed; zoospores with three flagella seemed typical, but ones with two or four flagella were also observed. Small, pale biflagellate swarmers were assumed to be gametes. One of the isolates of A. wittrockii differed from the rest as the only swarmer type observed was zoospores with two flagella. Chlorophilum ephemerum is considered identical to A. wittrockii. Observations on hair formation in A. repens suggested that the hair structure represents a separate cell.
The genus Navisporus (Polyporaceae)
Authors: Ryvarden Leif
Published: March 2008

The genus Navisporus (Polyporaceae) has been restudied. Two species are included. The new combination Navisporus sulcatus (Lloyd) Ryv. is proposed.
Three new species of Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae, Mallomonadaceae) from Lake Lanalhue, Chile
Authors: Dürrschmidt Monika
Published: March 2008

Three new species of the genus Mallomonas are described. Mallomonas rasilis sp. nov. belongs to the sect. Mallomonas, ser. Papillosae, while M. scalaris sp. nov. and M. lanalhuensis sp. nov. are members of the sect. Torquatae. They were found in Lake Lanalhue, Arauco Province, Chile. The taxonomy and distribution of these species is discussed, along with the morphology of cells, scales and bristles, based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
Unusual structure of nuclei in a B–mutant strain of Schizophyllum commune with intercellular nuclear migration
Authors: Raudaskoski Marjatta
Published: March 2008

Serial sections of multinucleate hyphae of a B–mutant strain of Schizophyllum commune, in which intercellular nuclear migration takes place, revealed appendages attached to nuclei. The appendages were strand–like organelles surrounded by a membrane with an electron–dense content. In addition, the outer membranes of the envelopes of adjacent nuclei were often joined and surface sections of these nuclei showed fibrous material with only a few nuclear pores. These ultrastructural features have not been reported before in the vegetative hyphae of S. commune, and they are suggested to be necessary for intercellular nuclear movement. The appendages may create the force or may result from the force necessary for the movement of the nucleus, while the joining of the outer membranes of the nuclear envelopes makes possible simultaneous movement of several nuclei, although only one has an appendage. The fibrous material in the nuclear envelope may facilitate sliding of the nuclei through the cytoplasm.
Hysteronaevia, a new genus of mollisioid Discomycetes
Authors: Nannfeldt J. A.
Published: March 2008

The new genus Hysteronaevia belongs to the Hysteropezizella–complex and differs from Hysteropezizella v. Höhn., Hysterostegiella v. Hohn. and Merostictis Clem, by I– asci, and from Naeviella (Rehm) Clem, by relatively large, mostly hyaline spores without germ–pore. Eleven species, saprophytes on Cyperaceae, Juncaceae and Poaceae, are so far referred to it, five of them described as new and one raised to specific rank. Four names are placed in synonymy: Eupropolella celata Graddon as conspecific with H. olivacea as well as Peziza foecunda Phill., Hysterostegiella lap–ponica Def. and Hysteropezizella hebridensis Graddon with H. scirpina.
Virus–like particles and endophytic bacteria in Paraphysomonas and Chromophysomonas (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Preisig Hans Rudolf , Hibberd David J.
Published: March 2008

An ultrastructural investigation has shown the presence of icosahedral virus–like particles (VLPs) in three species of Paraphysomonas and one species of Chromophysomonas. The VLPs appear to be responsible for the sudden collapse of enrichment cultures of these species. The possible relationship with particles in other algae which are known to be true viruses is discussed. Endophytic bacteria were also observed in two species of Paraphysomonas, where they occurred within distensions of the nuclear envelope. This is the first report of endophytic bacteria in this location in the algae.
Chemical polymorphism of essential oil in Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus (Lamiaceae) from Greenland
Authors: Stahl Elisabeth
Published: March 2008

The chemistry of the essential oil of Thymus praecox Opiz ssp. arcticus (E. Durand) Jalas from Greenland was studied with the intention of comparing it with the results obtained earlier from Icelandic material. All the 17 samples collected at different localities of South–West Greenland were found to contain linalyl acetate as main component besides some sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and some oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The variable content of the sesquiterpene alcohols, nerolidol and hedycaryol in the essential oil gave reason to define four different chemotypes. The pattern of the chemotype characterizing compounds was identical with that of four of the seven chemotypes found earlier to be the most widely distributed in Iceland, namely chemotypes B, C, D, and F. No correlation between the occurrence of a certain type and special environmental conditions was found. That the essential oil chemistry and the appearance of polychemism in the Greenland Thymus plants accords so well with that of the Icelandic ones, indicates that the distance of nearly 300 km between Iceland and Greenland has not led to locally limited “chemical races” within Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus. These findings are contrary to the results obtained in some Mediterranean Thymus species.
A histochemical study of meiocytes, microspores, pollen and the tapetum in Kalanchoe
Authors: Rudramuniyappa C. K. , Annigeri B. G.
Published: March 2008

A histochemical study was made of developing sporogenous cells, meiocytes, microspores, pollen and the tapetum in anthers of Kalanchoë morlagei. Storage polysaccharides were seen only in mature pollen. Ascorbic acid was not found in the sporogenous cells, but in meiocytes a high quantity of this compound occurred in the cytoplasm. Spore tetrads, microspores and pollen also had a high ascorbic acid content. The amounts of RNA and proteins were high in the sporogenous cells and in meiocytes during meiosis–I, but a small reduction trend with respect to RNA content was noticed. Microspores in the tetrad showed high amounts of RNA and proteins. In the young microspores RNA and proteins declined. Later, as the microspores matured, an increase in content of RNA and proteins took place. The wall of the young microspores gave a faint green colour with azure B stain, the intensity of which increased and remained high in the exine of the mature pollen. The additional wall thickening around the meiocytes and tetrads gave a strong pink colour with PAS test. This thickening showed presence of silver granules when tested for ascorbic acid, the tapetum synthesized abundant quantities of PAS positive starch, ascorbic acid, RNA and proteins from its appearance in the anther wall until microspore formation. During meiocyte meiosis the tapetum became highly vesicular. Our results indicate that the tapetum constitutes a tissue specialized for storing and supplying basic nutritive substances for the developing pollen in the anther.
The primary and secondary spore cyst of Aphanomyces (Oomycetes, Saprolegniales)
Authors: Olson L. W. , Cerenius L. , Lange L. , Söderhäll K.
Published: March 2008

The ultrastructural organization of the primary (1°) and secondary (2°) cysts of Aphanomyces astaci and A. laevis is extremely similar, and similar to that of the 1° and 2° cysts of A. eutekhes as presented earlier by Hoch and Mitchell. Synchronous populations of 2° cysts can be induced by mechanical shock and encystment appears to be essentially instantaneous. The cyst coat–wall appears to be formed extremely rapidly from material from the peripheral vesicles with flocculent content. After encystment the microtubule cytoskeleton found in the zoospore is maintained in the 1° and 2° cyst (i.e. the single microtubules which extend along the pyriform nucleus from the ki–netosomes–centrioles and the bundles of closely appressed microtubules are retained). The peripheral vesicles with granular content found in the zoospore are not seen in the 1° or 2° cyst. Multivesicular bodies and lomasomes are observed in the 1° and 2° cyst which are not found in the zoospore. The peripheral cisternae of the zoospore are lost upon encystment and may be formed from dictyosome–derived vesicles during excystment of the 1° and 2° cyst. The U–body of A. astaci has a paracrystalline content while the U–body of A laevis and A eutekhes has a tubular content. A microbody–lipid body complex (sensu Powell) is found in the 1° and 2° cysts of A laevis but not in A astaci or A eutekhes. The significance of the presence of a microbody–lipid body complex in a biflagellate zoospore is discussed.
The secondary zoospore of Aphanomyces astaci and A. laevis (Oomycetes, Saprolegniales)
Authors: Cerenius L. , Olson L. W. , Lange L. , Söderhäll K.
Published: March 2008

The ultrastructure of the secondary zoospores of Aphanomyces astaci and A. laevis was compared. The general appearance of the organelles and their compartmental–ization is the same, but some subtle differences were found. A. laevis has a less distinct distribution of fuzzy vesicles around the border of the water expulsion apparatus than A. astaci. The content of the U–body of the A. astaci zoospore is paracrystalline but the A. laevis U–body has a tubular content. In the peripheral cytoplasm of both species are seen vesicles with a granular content. Flattened cisternae are found in a narrow zone just below the plasmalemma. These two structures are confined to the zoospore stage of the fungi. The lipid–microbody complex of A. laevis cysts is not present in the zoospore. The ultrastructural organization of uniflagellate and bi–flagellate zoospores is compared.
Garcinia buxifolia Chiov. is Buxus hildebrandtii Baill. (Buxaceae)
Authors: Friis Ib
Published: March 2008

The type material of Garcinia buxifolia Chiov., hitherto assumed to be an aberrant taxon in the Guttiferae, is shown to belong to Buxus hildebrandtii Baill. (Buxaceae), to the synonymy of which G. buxifolia is therefore added.
Inflorescence structure and generic delimitation of Triplaris and Ruprechtia (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Brandbyge John , Øllgaard Benjamin
Published: March 2008

A revision of the generic limits between Triplaris and Ruprechtia (Polygonaceae), which were confused in earlier literature, led to the conclusion that the two genera should be maintained. Triplaris is characterized by 1–flowered pistillate partial inflorescences, absence of a basal pedicel–like extension of the fruiting perianth–tube, which is always as long as or longer than the achene, bracteoles completely fissured on the abaxial side, and sessile or subsessile male flowers with perianth segments always connate for more than half of their length.

Ruprechtia has 2–3–flowered monochasial pistillate part–inflorescences (except the 1–flowered R. triflora), a basal pedicel–like extension of the fruiting perianth–tube, which is at most 3/4 as long as the achene, more or less tubular bracteoles only exceptionally fissured down on the abaxial side, and pedicellate male flowers with perianth segments never connate for more than one third of their lenght. Preliminary paly–nological studies have shown that the pollen of Triplaris are microreticulate or punc–tate–microreticulate while Ruprechtia pollen have perforate–rugulose surfaces.
The ecology of Danish soil inhabiting Pezizales with emphasis on edaphic conditions
Authors: Petersen P. M.
Published: March 2008

The occurrence of 93 species of soil inhabiting Pezizales was studied on the basis of 699 site descriptions and soil samples, the latter analyzed for 15 edaphic variables. For species represented by 10 samples or more, the median value of each of the edaphic variables is given, and the range of pH, water soluble Al, CaCO3, and 0.2 N H2SO4–soluble P. For species represented by from 5 to 9 samples the range of pH and organic matter is given. 13 habitat types are described. The verges of forest roads proved to be the most important habitat type (247 sites, 57 species). The distribution in Denmark of 20 common species is compared with the geographical variation in quaternary and prequaternary geology, and with the distribution of soil types. It is concluded that the importance in the investigation area of disturbed ground as a habitat for soil inhabiting Pezizales is due to unleached mineral soil being brought to the surface, creating edaphic conditions favourable to a large number of species. – Although it is impossible, on the basis of the present investigation, to state definitively whether one or more edaphic variables are of particular importance in determining the occurrence of the species, there are certain indications that pH – and in some cases organic matter – are of special significance. A grouping of the species into five ecological groups on the basis of the median value of pH and organic matter is proposed. The habitats of soil inhabiting Pezizales in the investigation area and in other parts of the world are compared.
A new species of Solorinella (Asterothyriaceae) from Peru
Authors: Thor Göran
Published: March 2008

Solorinella nigrescens Thor sp. nov., is described from Peru. Only one species of Solorinella, S. asteriscus Anzi from Europe and Pakistan, has been known previously. The morphology of the two populations of 5. asteriscus in central Europe and southern Norway is discussed. They differ chiefly in spore width. Toninia tristis is reported for the first time from Peru and South America.
The statospore of Mallomonas pseudocoronata (Mallomonadaceae, Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Smol John P.
Published: March 2008

A mass encystment of Mallomonas pseudocoronata cells was observed in a polymictic lake from Southern Ontario, Canada. Scanning electron microscopy was used to describe its statospore, which is oval in shape, covered by short spines, and has a short cylindrical collar.
Serotaxonomy and systematic relationships of the genus Adenocarpus (Genisteae – Fabaceae)
Authors: Cristofolini Giovanni , Feoli–Chiapella Laura
Published: March 2008

The storage proteins extracted from the seeds of five species of the genus Adenocarpus and of four subspecies or varieties of the type species A. complicates were studied serologically and compared with the homologous proteins extracted from 20 other species of Genisteae and allied tribes. All taxa of Adenocarpus reacted strongly with an antiserum to A. complicates ssp. complicates; only slight differences were observed between subspecies and between species. Adenocarpus was shown to be isolated from all other Genisteae. However, it was more similar to the Genisteae than to species of other tribes. The highest similarity toward Adenocarpus was presented by Argyrolobium, by some primitive unspecialized genera (Laburnum, Cytisophyllum), and by such isolated genera as Cytisanthus, Spartium, Echinospartum. Retama and Lupinus were most dissimilar. It is concluded that Adenocarpus, a very uniform and isolated genus, belongs to the Genisteae; it shares many characters with the bulk of primitive genera of the Genisteae; its evolutionary line is independent from all others, but is not very distant from that of Argyrolobium.
Fleshy fungi in grass fields. II. Precipitation and fructification
Authors: Lange Morten
Published: March 2008

An experimental field with grass had 192 parcels treated with combinations of NKP fertilizers and sown with 4 species of grass. Species of fleshy fungi in the parcels were counted over 4 years with 17–24 observations per year. Precipitation was measured at the field. The occurrence of the species varied with the distribution of the precipitation through the season. In early summer and after prolonged desiccation the fungus flora developed 25–30 days after heavy rain, while after mowing and after shorter desiccation periods, a new crop of fruit bodies had developed after 5 days. These intervals correspond to the maturation period of the mycelia, and to the period of the development of primordia already formed. Differences in the yearly periodicity of the individual species are discussed.
Fruit structure and generic delimitation of Athanasia (Asteraceae‐Anthemideae) and related South African genera
Authors: Källersjö Mari
Published: March 2008

Within South African Asteraceae‐Anthemideae there is a group of genera containing furanosesquiterpenes rather than the common polyacetylenes. Of these genera, Asaemia (Harv.) Ham. ex Benth. & Hook., Athanasia L., Eumorphia DC., Gymno‐pcnfzia Benth., Phymaspermum Less. and Sfilpnophyfon Less. have been investigated morphologically especially with respect to fruit structure. As a result of the investigations Stilpnophyton has been reduced to synonomy under Athanasia L. emend. Källersjö (with 36 spp.) and five species of Athanasia, together with Phaeocephalus S. Moore., are placed in the revived genus Hymenolepis Cass. (with 7 spp.). Brachymerk DC. and four misplaced species of Aihanasia are included in Phymaspermum Less. emend. Källersjö (with 17 spp.). Nine other misplaced species of Athanasia and one Pentzia Thunb. species have been described as a new genus Inulanihera Källersjö (with 10 spp.), a group without furanosesquiterpenes. The two monotypic genera Asaemia and Gymnopentzia, and Eumorphia (with 6 spp.) remain unchanged. The interrelationships of the genera possessing furanosesquiterpenes are shown in a cladogram. There are 25 new combinations in Afhanasia, Znulanthera, Hymenolepis and Phymaspermum.
Morphogenesis of the root cap in adventitious roots of Salix viminalis
Authors: Fjell Ingemar
Published: March 2008

The preformed root primordia in stems of Salk viminalis L. consist of undifferentiated cells. Forty‐eight hours after activation of the primordia in cuttings a root cap meristem was initiated four to five cell tiers from the surface of the primordia. The cells distal to the meristem divided only in an anticlinal plane, while in the meristem they divided mostly periclinally but sometimes anticlinally. After 72 hours a columella was established and the amyloplasts began to sediment in response to gravity. Shortly after this stage the roots began to bend slightly downward, probably as a geo‐tropic response. Six days after activation the root cap consisted of up to 15 tiers of cells. The ultrastucture of the cap cells just prior to emergence was studied in more detail. The plastids in the cells adjoining the root proper were typical proplastids. Distal to this cell tier starch accumulated in the plastids. In the fifth tier the amyloplasts were fully sedimented to the lowermost cell walls. The amount of ER increased with the distance from the initial cells and most of it was located at the distal periclinal cell wall. The nucleus and the vacuoles in the geo‐sensitive cells occurred in the space above the sedimented amyloplasts. The cytoplasm was less electron opaque than in the initial cells and the mitochondria had more cristae. In the distal cells of the columella and the lateral root cap secretion of mucilage seemed to have started. Numerous large dictyosomes were associated with large vesicles containing a fibrillar or granular material. The plasmalemma lining the distal periclinal cell wall had separated from the wall. A fibrillar material was present between the plasmalemma and the wall and also in intercellular spaces outside the root cap.
Ontogeny of elastoviscin in the Orchidaceae
Authors: Schill Rainer , Wolter Martin
Published: March 2008

The ontogeny of elastoviscin in the Orchidaceae was investigated with the light, transmission electron and scanning electron microscope. This substance is composed of unsaturated lipids and most probably a product of the ground cytoplasm of the tapetal cells. Different forms of elastoviscin are described. Further investigations are needed to determine whether it is homologous to pollenkitt.
Taxonomic revision of the S. E. Asian species of Isoglossa (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Hansen Bertel
Published: March 2008

A number of S. E. Asian taxa of Acanthaceae are here recognized as belonging to the prevailingly African genus Isoglossa. The reasons for doing so are briefly outlined. The synonymy, as regards S. E. Asian Isoglossa, is worked out, generic as well as specific. The following new combinations are formally made: Isoglossa clemensorum (R. Benoist) comb. nov., I. collina (T. Anderson) comb. nov., I. geoffrayi (R. Benoist) comb. nov., I. glabra (Hand.‐Mazz.) comb. nov., I. inermis (R. Benoist) comb. nov., and I. subcordafa (C. B. Clarke) comb. nov. The distribution is outlined and mapped. I. dichotoma is shown to occur in Africa, whereI. lactea, and I. strigosula are sunk into its synonymy.
Taxonomic studies of the genus Hypoxis in East Africa
Authors: Nordal Inger , Laane Morten M. , Holt Ellen , Staubo Inger
Published: March 2008

East African material of the genus Hypoxis L. has preliminarily been divided into the heterogenous, probably apomictic H. obtusa Burch‐ complex (2n = 40–50, ca. 75, 76, ca. 85, >86, ca. 92, ca. 98, ca. 108, 130–135, 160–200) and 5 rather homogenous species: H. angustifolia Lam. (2n = 14, 28), H. goetzei Harms (2n = ca. 62), H. kilimanjarica Bak., H. malosana Bak. (2n = 14) and H. macrocarpa Holt & Staubo sp. nov. H. kilimanjarica is divided into ssp. kilimanjarica and ssp. prostrata Holt & Staubo ssp. nov.
The genus Archidendron (Leguminosae ‐ Mimosoideae)
Authors: Nielsen Ivan , Baretta‐Kuipers Tine , Guinet Philippe
Published: March 2008

An account is given of the morphology and the taxonomy of the Asian, Australian and Pacific genus Archidendron (Leguminosae ‐ Mimosoideae). A new infrageneric classification based on morphological data is presented, the genus being subdivided in 8 series. The phylogeny of the genus is discussed, the base of discussion being all available morphological, palynological and wood‐anatomical characters. The presence/absence of stipules, the length of the staminal tube compared with that of the corolla‐tube, the sessile/stipitate ovary(‐ies), the morphology of the pods and the wood‐anatomy have been particularly useful in determining the evolutionary trends within the genus. Analyses of the geographical range of selected character states are presented. The data suggest a Central ‐ W. Malesian origin of the genus. The series endemic to the E. Malesian ‐ Australian area have probably evolved more recently. The pluricarpellate condition of the flowers in several species endemic to the E. Malesian and Australian area is considered to be a derived character state. The following new taxa are proposed: Ser. Calycinae Nielsen, ser. Ptenopae Nielsen, ser. Bellae Nielsen, Archidendron falcatum Nielsen, A. cockburnii Nielsen, A. sabahense Nielsen, A. fagifolium (Bl. ex Miq.) Nielsen var. borneense Nielsen, A. kunstleri (Prain) Nielsen subsp. ashtonii Nielsen, A. ellipticum (Bl.) Nielsen subsp. cordifoliolatum Nielsen. New combinations are proposed in the Malesian species formerly referred to Abarema, Zygia and Morolobium by Kostermans. Keys to and an enumeration of the species are presented.
Embryology of Calenduleae (Compositae)
Authors: Ahlstrand Lennart
Published: March 2008

Microsporangial conditions, macrosporogenesis, embryo sac development and in some species endosperm formation have been studied in 5 species of Dimorphotheca Vaill. ex Mnch, 2 species of Castalis Cass., 16 species of Osteospermum L., 6 species of Calendula L., 1 species of Gibbaria Cass., and 1 species of Chrysanthemoides Tourn. ex Fabr.

The microsporangial wall consists of four different layers of cells. Miocrospore formation is simultaneous. The tetrads are mostly arranged in tetrahedrals. A tapetal periplasmodium develops.

The archespore of the macrosporangium is in most cases 1‐celled, sometimes 2‐or many‐celled. The meiosis gives rise to a linear tetrad. Usually the chalazal macro‐spore develops. The embryo sac development is monosporic of the Polygonum type. In a few cases in Dimorphotheca venusta T. Norl. a tetrasporic embryo sac development was observed besides the Polygonum type. Castalis tragus (Ait.) T. Norl. may have a bisporic embryo sac development in addition to the Polygonum type. All the Calendula species develop synergid haustoria. Antipode haustoria occur in Osteospermum sinuatum (DC.) T. Norl. and Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) T. Norl. Chalazally situated extra embryo sacs below the ordinary one in Dimorphotheca sinuata DC, D. venusta, and Castalis nudicaulis var. graminifolia (L.) T. Norl. are regarded to be aposporic. Six species have more than three antipodes per embryo sac. The antipodes occasionally become 2‐or 4‐nucleate.
Hartig net structure and formation in fully ensheathed ectomycorrhizas
Authors: Blasius D. , Feil W. , Kottke I. , Oberwinkler F.
Published: March 2008

The structure and formation of the Hartig net was examined in four different types of spruce ectomycorrhizas from the field. The investigations confirmed that in the case of mycorrhizas with a fully developed sheath enclosing the root apex, the Hartig net is formed by a highly branched fingerlike or puzzlelike hyphal system.

It is shown that the hyphae penetrate and grow mainly in a transversal direction to the axis of the root, resulting in typical indentation patterns on some tangential walls and a fountainlike separation of hyphae when growing from the radial to the tangential intercellular spaces. Septae formation within the branched hyphal system of the Hartig net is rare. Structures which, in sections, appear to be incomplete septae are explained as the result of the branching pattern.

The alignement and the typical branching pattern of the Hartig net is also found around the outermost cortical cells. A description of the changing structure in the different layers of a pseudoparenchymatous hyphal mantle is given. Finally, details of the three‐dimensional structure of the mantle and the Hartig net are represented in a block diagram.
Taxonomic position and distribution of Atriplex lapponica (Chenopodiaceae)
Authors: Gustafsson Mats
Published: March 2008

The arctic, halophytic species Atriplex lapponica Pojark has flowers of two kinds: perfect ones surrounded by a pentamerous perianth and pistillate flowers enclosed in bracteoles. Thus, A. lapponica is closely related to the species of sect. Dichospermum Dumort, not to species of sect. Teutliopsis Dumort. as generally believed.
The genus Moesziomyces (Ustilaginales)
Authors: Vánky Kálmán
Published: March 2008

The genus Moesziomyces Vánky is revised, and its description is emended. M. evernius (H. Sydow) Vánky, M. globuligerus (Berk. & Br.) Vanky and M. penicillariae (Bref.) Vánky are considered to be synonyms of M. bullatus (Schröter) Vánky. A new combination, Moesziomyces eriocauli (Clinton) Vánky, is proposed.
Pollination ecology of two nectariferous Cimicifuga sp. (Ranunculaceae) and the evolution of andromonoecy
Authors: Pellmyr Olle
Published: March 2008

The pollination ecology of Cimicifuga americana Michx. and C. laciniata Wats., two nectariferous self‐incompatible species, was studied. Both species are pollinated by bumblebees, the former by workers and the latter by males. All bees imbibe nectar and workers also collect pollen, meanwhile performing pollination. Large syrphids act as co‐pollinators. C. americana is andromonoecious, and it is suggested that male‐flower production at the end of the flowering period contributes a disproportionate fitness component because of dichogamy‐induced female‐biased functional sex‐ratio in the hermaphroditic flowers at that time.
Additional Ecuadorian species in Calathea series Comosae (Marantaceae)
Authors: Kennedy Helen
Published: March 2008

Three new species in Calathea series Comosae (Petersen) Schumann are described from Ecuador: Calathea pallidicosta, C. attenuata and C. lagoagriana. Calathea pallidicosta is currently known only from Ecuador, C. lagoagriana occurs in both Colombia and Ecuador while C. attenuata is more widespread, occurring in Colombia, Ecuador, Perú and Brasil. Calathea attenuata and C. pallidicosta are in the monomorphic‐bracted group of C. series Comosae while C. lagoagriana is in the dimorphic‐bracted group. Calathea lagoagriana possibly hybridizes with C. loeseneri Macbride.
A collection of orchids from Malaya
Authors: Seidenfaden Gunnar
Published: March 2008

A collection of Malayan orchids made by Dr Peter Vaughan in 1980–81 proved to contain several interesting and noteworthy species, including about 10 species new to Malaya.
A study of the genus Pyramimonas (Prasinophyceae) from southeastern Australia
Authors: McFadden G. I. , Hill D. R. A. , Wetherbee R.
Published: March 2008

Eleven marine species of Pyramimonas Schmarda (including eight previously known species and three new species) from south‐eastern Australia are examined by light microscopy, thin‐section electron microscopy and freeze‐etch electron microscopy. The genus is shown to comprise at least three natural sub‐groups on the basis of a range of ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics, and three sub‐genera are erected. The generic description is emended to incorporate more up‐to‐date information.
Two new species of Justicia sect. Harnieria (Acanthaceae) from Tanzania
Authors: Hedrén M.
Published: March 2008

Two new species of Justicia L. are described: Justicia ukagurensis Hedrén and Justicia sulphuriflora Hedrén, both from crystalline mountains of eastern Tanzania.