bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Cooperative tipe Kancing Gemerincing untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sosial Pembelajaran IPS Materi Interaksi Manusia dengan Lingkungan pada Kelas V SDN Kedungwaru tahun ajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Khisan Khoirotin , Chamdani Muhamad , Suryandari Kartika Chrysti
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah model Cooperative tipe Kancing Gemerincing, meningkatkan keterampilan sosial. Subjek penelitian adalah guru dan siswa kelas V SDN Kedungwaru yang berjumlah 31 siswa dengan 18 siswa laki-laki dan 13 siswa perempuan. Data yang digunakan berupa data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Analisis data dilaksanakan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan keterampilan sosial dengan menerapkan model Cooperative tipe Kancing Gemerincing. Persentase keterampilan sosial siswa pada siklus I=73,03%, pada siklus II=83,56%, dan pada siklus III=89,12%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah meningkatnya keterampilan sosial melalui penerapan model Cooperative tipe Kancing Gemerincing Pembelajaran IPS materi interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan pada siswa kelas V SDN Kedungwaru tahun ajaran 2022/2023.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Melalui Model Problem Based Learning Pada Materi Waktu Kelas I SD Muhammadiyah Pandes Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Saputri Eka Marliana , Purwanti Siwi , Marwiyati Ulfah
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini diidasarkan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran yang mendorong partisipasi aktif peserta didik dan meningkatkan pemahaman konsep mata pelajaran Matematika. Hasil belajar merupakan salah satu nilai yang harus diperoleh oleh peserta didik dalam mencapai sebuah kriteria ketuntasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, instrument yang digunakan adalah observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tahap pra siklus sebesar 45,16%,  pada siklus I sebesar 58,07% dan meningkat pada siklus II mencapai 83,88%. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan ketercapaian indikator keberhasilan dengan kategori sangat baik. Karena dari siklus 1 ke siklus 2 terjadi peningkatan ketuntasan sebesar 25,81%. Dengan demikian, maka penerapan model PBL dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas 1A SD Muhammadiyah Pandes.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Melalui Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Gambar Kelas I Amanah SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2 TA 2022/2023
Authors: Setiyoningsih Nofi , Khasanah Uswatun , Sulistyaningsih Wiwik
Published: November 2023

Penggunaan model pembelajaran yang kurang variatif menyebabkan rendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik dan belum mencapai KKM 75. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran PBL berbantuan gambar pada kelas I Amanah SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2 Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Peningkatan hasil belajar dibatasi pada kemampuan kognitif yang bersumber pada nilai rata-rata peserta didik setiap siklusnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model PBL berbantuan gambar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas I Amanah SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2. Hasil belajar siklus I  rata-rata 74,33 dan ketuntasan klasikal 46,15%, mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II menjadi rata-rata 84,71 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 86,53%. Penerapan model pembelajaran PBL berbantuan gambar dapat membantu siswa untuk mengungkapkan informasi yang terkandung dalam masalah sehingga hubungan antar komponen dalam masalah tersebut dapat terlihat dengan jelas dan lebih konkrit.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila Dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV Amanah SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2 Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Anditya Junio Sila , Khasanah Uswatun , Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar Pendidikan Pancasila kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya hasil belajar adalah kurangnya daya tarik peserta didik saat pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL). Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindak Kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar Pendidikan Pancasila menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada peserta didik kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah Kleco 2. Berdasarkan hasil pratindak menunjukan bahwa sebanyak 12 peserta didik atau 44,44% tuntas dalam belajar dengan nilai rata-rata 68,22. Hasil tes pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 14 peserta didik atau 51,85% dinyatakan tuntas dalam belajar dengan nilai rata-rata meningkat menjadi 73,70. Hasil tes pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 24 peserta didik atau 88,88% dinyatakan tuntas dalam belajar dengan nilai rata-rata meningkat menjadi 81,44 berarti ada peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik.
Quantificação da degradação de fachada através do fator de dano: Um estudo de caso de prédio administrativo de instituição de ensino superior
Authors:   Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, ITEC, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil., Lisboa N. , Vale B. ,   Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, ITEC, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil., Gaia L. ,   Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, ITEC, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil., Nascimento L. ,   Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, ITEC, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil., Queiroz L. ,   Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, ITEC, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil.
Published: November 2023

A degradação das fachadas pode ser quantificada quanto aos seus danos e avaliada a sua frequência e severidade por meio de ensaios não destrutivos. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de buscar mensurar a degradação das fachadas de um prédio, situado em Belém-PA, através do método de Fator de Danos (FD) e do Fator Geral de Danos (FGD). Como resultados, foi possível identificar os níveis de degradação em cada fachada, elaborar os Mapas de Danos (MD), e obter a relação das ações de intempéries nas fachadas com as manifestações patológicas encontradas, assim fica exposto a importância destes procedimentos para realização de diagnóstico e proposta de intervenção.
Análise dos pontos de maior incidência a forma de ruptura de diferentes sistemas revestimento argamassado interno e externo
Authors:   UNISINOS, Brasil., Gonzalez E. F. , Pacheco F. ,   UNISINOS, Brasil., Ehrenbring H. Z. ,   UNISINOS, Brasil., Christ R. ,   UNISINOS, Brasil., Muchiny A. P. ,   UNISINOS, Brasil., Tutikian B. F. ,   UNISINOS, Brasil.
Published: November 2023

O estudo teve o objetivo de identificar, dentre diversos relatórios de ensaio, a forma padrão dos rompimentos de diferentes sistemas de revestimento argamassado interno e externo de paredes quando submetidos ao ensaio de resistência de aderência à tração. Assim, verificaram-se os pontos de ruptura e mapeando-os, identificando as interfaces, potencialidades e falhas nos sistemas. Foram sintetizados os resultados de 24 relatórios técnicos de resistência de aderência à tração de revestimentos externos e 12 de revestimento interno realizados na cidade de Maringá/PR, indicando a resistência potencial e forma de ruptura do sistema. Dentre os locais de ruptura, identificou-se predominância da ruptura na interface chapisco/base e na argamassa de emboço, revelando como principal experiência prática de que o chapisco deve ter cuidados, traço, aplicação e cura.
Durabilidade da argamassa com baixo consumo de cimento frente ao ataque de íons sulfato
Authors:   Departamento de Construção Civil, Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Cajazeiras-PB, Brasil., Coelho I. V. , Dos Santos R. A. ,   Departamento de Construção Civil, Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Cajazeiras-PB, Brasil., Coutinho M. L. C. ,   Departamento de Construção Civil, Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Cajazeiras-PB, Brasil., Fernandes Pinheiro A. ,   Departamento de Construção Civil, Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Cajazeiras-PB, Brasil., Martins Filho J. P. ,   Departamento de Construção Civil, Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Cajazeiras-PB, Brasil., de Sousa Oliveira S. L. ,   Departamento de Construção Civil, Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Cajazeiras-PB, Brasil.
Published: November 2023

O presente trabalho tem como finalidade analisar a influência do empacotamento de partículas no desempenho de argamassas com baixo teor de cimento, quando submetidas ao ataque de sulfato. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo experimental com dois traços distintos de argamassa, imersos em solução de sulfato de sódio e em cura convencional, por até 48 dias. O estudo se baseou no empacotamento de partículas, embasado no modelo de Alfred, para isso, após a caracterização dos materiais, obteve-se o auxílio do software Q-Mix para a dosagem das argamassas. Foram definidos os traços T1 e T2, sendo que T2 foi acrescido de fíler calcário e metacaulim na sua composição. Constatou-se que T1 apresentou melhores resultados nas idades de 7 e 28 dias, porém, T2 se mostrou mais eficiente quanto à durabilidade e resistência aos íons sulfato. Desse modo, classificou-se T1 como resistência moderada, enquanto T2 foi classificado com resistência elevada. Por fim, com a dosagem adequada é possível obter resultados favoráveis para a durabilidade mesmo com baixos níveis de cimento, sabendo que resistência mecânica não demanda, necessariamente, uma alta durabilidade.
Modificación de una estructura metálica por cambio de uso
Authors:   1 Facultad de Arquitectura Urbanismo y Diseño, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,  2 Alconpat Argentina, Córdoba, Argentina., Gómez J. L. , Klein K. ,   1 Facultad de Arquitectura Urbanismo y Diseño, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,  2 Alconpat Argentina, Córdoba, Argentina., Montiel G. ,   Alconpat Argentina, Córdoba, Argentina.
Published: November 2023

El objeto de este trabajo es mostrar las modificaciones realizadas sobre una estructura metálica construida en 1930 conformada por vigas reticuladas triangulares apoyadas sobre muros perimetrales de 60 cm. de espesor y 14 columnas metálicas interiores para cubrir una superficie de 875 m2 que albergaba las actividades de Mercado Central de la cuidad de Deán Funes. En la década del 80 la gestión municipal plantea su recuperación para nuevos usos deportivos presentándose el desafío estructural de la eliminación de los apoyos intermedios. El proyecto y la construcción datan de esa época, y por ello presentamos la vigencia de los conceptos y soluciones adoptadas y la importancia de un plan de mantenimiento para garantizar el grado de seguridad de la obra.
Tracing the Dynamic Spectrum of Religious Moderation in the Local Custom of North Sumatera
Authors: Harahap Sumper Mulia , Siregar Fatahuddin Aziz , Harahap Darwis
Published: November 2023

As a miniature of Indonesia’s diversity, North Sumatra requires a long transformation within the framework of religious moderation to build harmony and maturity. This study aims to reveal the dynamic spectrum of religious moderation in the bubble of North Sumatra’s local wisdom. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method by involving six subjects who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Subject criteria are natives of North Sumatra and have sufficient knowledge of religious moderation in the local custom of North Sumatra. In-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis were used to collect the required data. This study reveals a vast spectrum of diversity among the North Sumatrans. In the meantime, religious moderation is evidence of upholding religious ideals integrated with the local culture. Moreover, this research also shows how the people of North Sumatra from the following three regions, (1) Padangsidempuan and South Tapanuli, (2) Central Tapanuli and Sibolga City, and (3) Tarutung, practice the values of religious moderation in their daily activities. They performed this practice because of the desire to maintain unity in diversity and high aspirations to build a society that is peaceful, harmonious, and free from all conflicts.
Pesantren Entrepreneurship: Harmonization of the Theories of Kasb Asy’ariyah and Locus of Control on Strengthening Santripreneur
Authors: Ma'arif Samsul , Ahmadi Ahmadi , Dzikrulloh Dzikrulloh , Muna Naily El
Published: November 2023

From the innovation among pesantrens, students need not only Islamic religious learning but also entrepreneurial skills. This research explores the entrepreneurship learning model that had been developed by Pondok Pesantren Riyadlul Jannah Pacet and Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri Pasuruan and examines the effectiveness of pesantren entrepreneurs. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. In order to obtain the data validity, the data triangulation method supported by documentation and observation was employed by conducting interviews with kyai, asatidz, santri, and graduate users. The research objects were Pondok Pesantren Riyadlul Jannah and Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri Pasuruan; both are pioneers in developing pesantren entrepreneurs in Indonesia. This study showed that pesantren entrepreneurs are able to equip and encourage students to get careers towards prosperity. By harmonizing the theories of Kasb Asy’ariyah and Locus of Control, the focus of this study was on students who were not only capable as mubaligh, but also as entrepreneurs, particularly if they continued their studies at pesantren.
Scientific Rationality in the Language of Systems-communications Theory
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Antonovskiy Alexander Yu. , Barash Raisa E. ,   Russian Society of History and Philosophy of Science
Published: November 2023

The problem of the “experimenter’s regress” is widely discussed in the modern philosophy of science [Collins 1985]. However, it allows generalization and can be presented as a theoretical-cognitive paradox, as a philosophical-linguistic problem of reference and as a problem of philosophy of consciousness. The reli­ability of the functioning of “reality detectors” of any kind (devices, sensual abilities, theories, language statements or mental acts) is confirmed empiri­cally if they discover new objects and adequately describe their characteristics (in the format of measurement data, sensual qualities, scientific facts, referents of words and concepts). The properties of the observed reality discovered with their help, obviously, act as a rational criterion for the choice of observational in­struments or “reality detectors”. But after all, the criterion of rational selection (evaluation, recognition) of the results of observation from the array of all re­ceived data is the application of the best (more powerful, effective, reliable, and receptive) detectors of reality. This paradox of self-referral is also applicable to researchers themselves: the reputation of a scientist acts as a criterion for the se­lection of his research results (including acceptance of his publications in leading editions, etc.), and the research results obtained obviously determine his reputa­tion. Based on the systemic-communicative approach, the authors argue that sci­entific rationality does not contradict, but is based on the self-referential charac­ter of scientific communication.
Three Word Primer (Sanzijing): the Philosophical Term ‘priroda’ [‘nature’] in Nikita Ya. Bichurin Translation
Authors:   Shandong University, Peijun Chen , Sadova Tatiana S. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: November 2023

The article considers the term ‘priroda’ [‘nature’] as a translational reflec­tion of the Russian orientalist, an outstanding sinologist of the 19th century Nikita Ya. Bichurin (1777–1853), connected with the understanding of the con­cept of xing, conveyed by the hieroglyph 性 in the Chinese educational book of the 13th century Three Word Primer (Sanzijing). It is pointed out that by the beginning of the 19th century Russian philosophical terminology was at the stage of formation, that translations of Russian scientists of foreign-language phi­losophical works had a great influence on the entry of a particular term into the system of Russian terminological designations. In this regard, the translations of Chinese sources of philosophical content by Bichurin in the middle of the 19th century deserve attention. On the example of one term ‘priroda’ [‘nature’], the author’s methods of interpretation and, from his point of view, the most ac­curate transmission of the Chinese concept of xing (性) are demonstrated both in the notes and directly in the translation text, using various techniques (epithets, antitheses, stylistic contrast). The translations of the Sanzijing close to Bichurin’s, made by his predecessors, sinologists of the 18th century – Illarion K. Rossokhin (1707–1761) and Alexey L. Leontiev (1716–1786), the peculiari­ties of the perception of the concept of xing by three translators in similar con­texts are noted. The role of the text environment in their attempts to convey a complex concept that had a long-standing internal Chinese worldview evolu­tion is emphasized.
Nakamura Yujiro’s Concept of “Place”
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Karelova Liubov B.
Published: November 2023

The ideas of Nishida Kitaro, in particular his concept of the “logic of place,” had a significant impact on many Japanese philosophers of the 20th century, and not only those who belonged to the Kyoto school. We can say that the very category of place has acquired the status of a universal cognitive (ontognoseological) metaphor, widely used in a variety of contexts. Nakamura, like many other mod­ern Japanese philosophers, uses the concept of place as a frame that allows us to view reality as a dynamic network of multi-level connections and interactions. The works of the Tokyo philosopher Nakamura Yujiro, whose scientific activity took place in the last third of the 20th – early 21st centuries, is a vivid example of the further development of the theory of place at the modern level, confirming its heuristic possibilities. The article is devoted to the analysis of Nakamura’s views in his books Topos Theory, Common Sense Theory and Predicative World and Systems, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of topological meta­phors in various fields of both natural science and philosophy, contributing to the development of modern ontological and epistemological theories. The con­ducted research demonstrates the potential of Asian philosophical traditions, which should be taken into account while solving the problems facing modern philosophy.
The Problem of Epistemic Disagreement in Contemporary Philosophy of Religion Part I
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Karpov Kirill V.
Published: November 2023

In this article I focus on the problem of religious disagreement – whether one should lose one’s confidence in his or her religious beliefs in the face of signific­ant disagreement on certain religious issues. The article consists of two large parts. In the first one, the author describes the main categories of the epistemo­logy of disagreement in the focus of religious disagreement (first-order and higher-level significance of evidences in disagreement, fundamental and super­ficial disagreements, and describes the conciliatory approach to the problem within which the question of religious disagreement is usually stated). In the second part the author describes three contemporary projects of philosophical theology (Richard Swinburne’s, Alvin Plantinga’s, and William Alston’s) and analyses how they respond to the problem of religious disagreement. It is shown that in the case of religious disagreement one cannot successfully apply the con­ciliatory approach, which says that religious person should reduce his or her con­fidence in the truth of the religious beliefs he or she holds. The author draws this conclusion relying on two intuitions: 1) we may distinguish between internal (within one belief system, hypothesis, theory) and external (collisions of belief systems, hypotheses, theories with other, competing belief systems, hypotheses and theories) epistemic disagreements; 2) epistemic disagreements are normal for some human intellectual activities, and rather their absence is abnormal and can sometimes lead to undesirable consequences.
Labyrinths of Intellectual Freedom: Science, Religion and Society in the Modern World Press
Authors:   Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences,, Rashkovsky Evgeny B.
Published: November 2023

The paper deals with two partly complementary as well as partly contradictory fields of human symbolic experience, id est Science (including Human Sciences) and Religion. Their present day complicated interrelations determine many as­pects of the current social, cultural and political history. This kind of interplay of the both modes of human imagination partly determines some substantial fea­tures of the present day mass migration processes as well as the processes of mi­grants’ adaptation in its individual, small groups’ and collective dimensions. Critical thinking of Science as well as experience of religious piety seem to be different aspects of the same, though complicated problem of human status (in Max Scheler’s terms – “die Stellung des Menschen”) in the Universe, includ­ing the universe of society. This constant and always changing interplay seems to be one of basic preconditions of our intellectual freedom. As for the compre­hensive frame of this paper, it is built on the idea of irreducibility of basic fields of human symbolic experience including science and religion (in all its dizzy va­rieties). This idea is described by the author as the idea of sometimes tacit, but always important correlative interconnection. According to author’s conviction, this idea has not only pure scholarly, but also important socio-cultural as well as political meaning.
On the Rationality of Argumentation in Contemporary Pedagogics (Methodological Aspect)
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Korzhuev Andrey V. , Ikrennikova Yuliya B. ,   Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property, Kuliev Zakir A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Kontarov Nikolay A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Lesinchuk Svetlana A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Published: November 2023

Discussions, analysis of hypotheses, critical review of publications, polemics, and other forms of immanent scientific criticism are a condition for the development of scientific, and even more so, philosophical knowledge. It is important, how­ever, that these forms of critical communication of scientists are realized in the form of a constructive dialogue, the participants of which strictly follow the ra­tional correctness of their argumentation and adequately respond to criticism. The reason for writing this collective article was the appearance in the field of pedagogical researches of works that contain conceptually incorrect and practi­cally unsubstantiated statements. Meanwhile, we are talking about a research area in which errors can provoke very serious negative consequences for Russia. The intentions of the authors by no means include imposing their point of view on cer­tain problems of modern education – the article demonstrates, using specific ex­amples, elements of incorrect logical and substantial constructions used by partic­ipants in scientific discussions and assesses their possible consequences for education and upbringing, as well as their theoretical understanding of pedagogi­cal problems. The authors proceed from methodological guidelines that direct re­searchers toward a “harmonizing dialogue” (A.A. Potebnja), and in this context, special attention is paid, so to speak, to the constructive role of “mistakes” which are found in scientific discussions, and their transformation into “growth points” of knowledge, as soon as a researcher is ready for their reflective evaluation.
Monologue of Communication as a Problem of School Atomization: A Hermeneutic View
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Korol Andrei D.
Published: November 2023

The article focuses on atomism in education through the prism of understanding and communication which provide the basis for the hermeneutic approach. The author offers a detailed insight into monologue peculiar to the educational system as the main cause of atomistic communication in a school. It reveals it­self through the transfer of human achievements from teacher to student at all levels (semantic, target, content, technological). The sameness of prepared infor­mation for transferring to diverse learners presupposes the sameness of learners answers as the outcome. Monologue leads to a lack of understanding (increasing distance) expressed by learners themselves, other people and the surrounding en­vironment. Consequently, it disintegrates, or atomizes, classroom communica­tion as a sphere of educational conversation. It also reduces motivation for self-knowledge, environmental perception and cognition. Unfamiliar or irrelevant in­formation addressed to learners without their realizing its meanings, goals or a clear answer to the question “Why should I learn it?” creates distance between the Self and the Other, between the subject and the object. One of the solutions to overcome atomism in schools is to improve “pedagogical integrity” that means building dialogue in education. It means that methodological and method­ical dominants lie in the learners interest but not the teachers. The article reveals didactic aspects of learners silence which develop their ability to learn about themselves through self-knowledge and self-cognition.
Russian Images of Greek Thought, or Vladimir Solovyov’s Plato
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bugai Dmitry V.
Published: November 2023

This article deals with the interpretation of Plato’s thought and heritage by Vladimir Solovyov, the famous Russian philosopher of the late 19th century. The article shows the specifics of Solovyov’s approach to the “Platonic ques­tion”, its relation to Plato’s research in philology and the history of philosophy in Western Europe at that time. The author of the article considers Plato’s Solovyov’s hermeneutics through the prism of the concept of “assimilation”, op­posing his understanding to other attempts at historical and philosophical inter­pretation. For Solovyov, to understand Plato’s thought means to understand Plato as a living personality, and a living personality is a developing personality, going through crises to new achievements. This idea is taken by Solovyov from the tra­dition of German philology. However, Solovyov takes a different look at the driving force that forced Plato to move from one way of thinking to another. Love as primum mouens in the creative development of Plato connects the Plato of European philology with the inner self-perception of Solovyov himself, who was not only a speculative philosopher, but also a lyrical poet. In a certain sense, the main philosophical theme of Solovyov, the theme of total unity, is just an ob­jectification of the lyrical pathos of love, which became the basis of his interpre­tation of Plato.
Karl Jaspers and Paul Ricœur: The Work of Memory as a Work of Self-Consciousness
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Vlasova Olga A.
Published: November 2023

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the problem of memory in the philosophy of Karl Jaspers and Paul Ricœur. The author’s thesis is the existen­tial philosophy of Jaspers was of decisive importance for the formation of Ricœur’s memory discourse. The paper discusses the main dimensions of the problem of memory and guilt in Jaspers’ philosophy, its central concepts in con­nection with the theme of guilt and self-consciousness, the early works of Ricœur, which directly refer to the existential project of the German philo­sopher, while attention is paid to the communicative history of philosophy and the doctrine of truth. Based on the results of a comparative study, it is con­cluded that an important metaphor for Ricœur’s philosophy (as well as for Jaspers) is the metaphor of constant movement and path in communication, which turns into a discourse of memory as an emphasis on the need to under­standing work with the past, without which impossible the philosophical con­sciousness. Ricœur’s memory discourse studies focus on the dialectic of memory and self-consciousness in situations of guilt and forgiveness. It is noted that Ricœur problematizes guilt in relation to the past in an existential sense as a borderline situation. For him, this is the problem of a person’s treatment of himself, the constitution of his identity, his living as a person who can and wants something. The work of memory as the work of self-consciousness and the overcoming of guilt becomes the path to a moral society, as for Jaspers, it acts as the basis for communication and life in truth, communication of “care” for oneself and others.
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi and the Moscow School of the Ecclesiastical-Academic Philosophy of the XIX Century Part II. Jacobi and Viktor D. Kudryavtsev-Platonov
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Kotsiuba Viacheslav I.
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the attitude of the philosophy professor of the Moscow Theological Academy in the second half of the 19th century. Viktor D. Kudryav­tsev-Platonov to the philosophy of Fr. Jacobi, the continuity of the philosophical views of Kudryavtsev and his teacher Feodor Golubinsky is traced, which is re­flected in the attention to Jacobi’s apology for theism and the high appreciation of his teachings. Kudryavtsev joins the Jacobi’s criticism of philosophical ratio­nalism and supports his doctrine of reason as an organ of direct perception of God and the properties of spiritual reality. At the same time, in his doctoral dis­sertation on the essence and origin of religion, Kudryavtsev points out a number of shortcomings of Jacobi’s philosophy, which is discussed in detail in the arti­cle. By presenting criticism of Kudryavtsev, the article, in particular, discusses Jacobi's concept of nature, his relation to religious tradition, the reasons for the differences between Kudryavtsev and Jacobi on the question of the possibility of rational knowledge of God and in assessing the evidence for the existence of God, Kant’s influence on Jacobi. It is concluded that Kudryavtsev-Platonov’s new differentiated assessment of Jacobi's teaching is conditioned by the new tasks of ecclesiastical-academic philosophy of the second half of the 19th century.
The Evolution of S. Frank’s Views on Culture and Religion in the Context of the Polemic with S. Lurye
Authors:   National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Begrambekov Alexander L.
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the controversy between Semyon Frank and the publicist Semyon Lurye: the discussion between thinkers has become a rare example of a constructive dialogue unfolded around the collection of articles about the Rus­sian intelligentsia of the early 20th century “Vekhi”. Responding to Lurye’s Crit­icism, Frank wrote an article “Culture and Religion”, Which in many ways better represents Frank’s views of that time then the article “The Ethics and Nihilism” from the collection “Vekhi”. The author analyses in detail the questions posed to Frank by Lurye and shows that the answers he gave in subsequent years became strikingly different from those contained in his earlier works. Moreover, in later years, in the books “The Downfall of Idols” and “Reality and Man” his answers to the questions posed by Lurye began to resemble the views of his opponent rather than his own, set in 1908. This is especially well observed in the analyses of Lurye’s response article “Ideas and Life”, Which Frank has already left with­out a direct answer. An analysis of controversy between Frank and Lurye and of the Frank’s views outlined in later works leads the author to the conclusion that this distinct contradiction of views reveals the non-monolithic nature of Franks philosophy as a whole and forces researchers to hierarchize Frank’s legacy, which was non-linear and accompanied by corrections of his mistakes from earlier works.
Problems of Comprehension of Religion
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Yablokov Igor N.
Published: November 2023

The article examines the process of understanding religion. The tradition ini­tiated by Wilhelm Windelband, Wilhelm Dilthey, Heinrich John Rickert raises the question of the specifics of social cognition, and the answer to this question includes the methodological principle of the division of sciences into natural sci­ences, which explain natural phenomena by revealing causal relationships, and cultural sciences, which comprehend cultural phenomena. In contemporary philosophical literature, the process of comprehension has not received an ade­quate interpretation. The article substantiates the position on the difference be­tween the procedure of comprehension and the procedure of definition and on the irreducibility of explanation, as well as comprehension, only to causality. The procedure of comprehension of religion is revealed in the context of a num­ber of measurements at the level of language, consciousness, properties, founda­tions, practices: the coherence of the proposed measurements is revealed. Based on the consideration of the comprehension of religion in the context of these measurements, the author’s characteristic of religion is revealed: religion is a spi­ritual and practical phenomenon that protects an individual, a group of peo­ple, humanity from varying degrees of risks in certain areas of their being and serves to achieve humanistic value goals (certain religious organizations in cer­tain conditions can implement humanistic non-valid actions).
Contemporary Theories of Tradition: The Unity of Discourse and the Variety of Meanings
Authors:   Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox University of the Humanities, Vorontsov Sergey A.
Published: November 2023

The article considers the problem of unity and variety of the contemporary theories of tradition that appear in different fields of scholarship. It is argued that the unity of these theories is mainly a discursive one. This theoretical dis­course, which starts with the famous essays of T.S. Eliot, M. Oakeshott, and K. Popper, ascribes to the tradition rationality, flexibility, the active participa­tion of the individual in the functioning of tradition and non-authoritative cha­racter. The concept of ‘invented tradition’, which describes tradition as rigid and unchangeable, presupposes its deliberative and rational character. The theo­ries are more or less unanimously challenge the opposition between tradition and rationality. At the same time the term ‘tradition’ possesses various mea­nings and functions not only in different theories, but also within a single theory. The unity of the problems and ‘puzzles’ that the concept of tradition should solve is weak and is getting weaker. The article puts forward a hypothe­sis that the discourse about tradition reflects the situation, in which the episte­mological paradigm of Cartesian subject is felt to be insecure. The metho­dological reflection grows, but still cannot change the model, because it mere ascribes to the tradition the qualities of its opposite, and mere leads to the blur­ring of the concept of tradition.
Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Socio-humanitarian Philosophical Understanding
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Leshkevich Tatiana G.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the philosophical understanding of artificial intelligence and the effects that accompany its functioning. The author sees the main problem in the collision of opposing processes. On the one hand, the intensive development of high technologies, driven by AI, on the other hand, the lack of a holistic social and humanitarian reflection focused on understanding how technological develop­ment is aimed at creating a reality suitable for the life of future generations. The article analyzes three groups of problems. Firstly, the author considers the con­tent of the concept of “agreed state of the future”, taking into account the request for environmental literacy and fixing the specifics of the hybrid world. Secondly, she suggests un understanding of the direction of AL development and the risks as­sociated with it. Thirdly, the turn to datafication is discussed, which forms a new type of dominance. The methodological strategy includes the principles of conver­gence and determination of the future, as well as taking into account the phe­nomenon of emergence. The subject-oriented approach, which emphasizes the pri­orities of human-sized existence, is effective. The author comes to conclusion that the level of AI maturity conflicts with the expectations associated with the abstract possibilities of its development. The paradox of the hybrid world is revealed, the problematic nature of the symbiosis of the biological “I” and the technological world and the non-self-sufficiency of datafication are shown.
Ideology as a Subject and Subject of Representation in Russian Philosophizing Literature
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nickolsky Sergey A.
Published: November 2023

Ideology as a subject (image) and subject (content and plot) is present in Russian philosophical literature, as in any literary classic, constantly – from the moment of its appearance in the late XVIII to the mid-30s of the twentieth century. For almost a century and a half, it had the opportunity, with varying degrees of cen­sorship, in general, it manifested itself quite freely. However, after the 1st Con­gress of Soviet Writers, a ban was imposed on all its manifestations, except those officially permitted within the framework of “socialist realism”, which was lifted only in the second half of the 80s. Nevertheless, since artistic texts remain an im­portant element of culture that influences the existence of the modern ideological landscape, the idea of their ideological content deserves to be developed. What is ideological in philosophical literature, which most often reveals itself as a focus on changing the present, that is, reconstruction, is considered in the first approxi­mation by referring to the texts of D.I. Fonvizin, A.S. Griboyedov, A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol, I.S. Turgenev, I.A. Goncharov, N.S. Leskov, F.M. Dostoevsky, A.M. Gorky and A.P. Platonov.
Transcendental-Phenomenological Analysis of Consciousness: Receptivity and Spontaneity as Conditions for the Possibility of Experience
Authors:   The School of Philosophy and Cultural Studies at HSE University’s Faculty of Humanities, Ryabushkina Tatiana M.
Published: November 2023

The study is devoted to the transcendental-epistemological problem of the gen­esis of consciousness and is aimed at identifying the conditions for the possibi­lity of cognition, depending on which the structure of conscious in general and the structure of specific objects are formed. The transcendental-phenomenolo­gical reflection that deals with the immanent in consciousness does not allow solving the problem of understanding cognition as the relationship of the cogniz­ing subject to things that exist independently of him. The analysis of the con­ditions for the possibility of cognition as a relation of subjectivity to other, pro­posed in the article, shows how receptivity (rethought taking into account the criticism of the concept of “sensory givenness”) and the spontaneity can pro­vide the emergence of consciousness and cognitive processes of the conscious level. This offers the basis for opening the complex structure of subjectivity, in­cluding not only the conscious, but also the preconscious level that influences the organization of consciousness. Considering the transcendental nature of con­sciousness, but not implying its absolutization, this approach opens the pro­spects of solving the problems in the philosophy of consciousness, including the aspects of the “hard problem”.
The Question Answered: What is Kant’s “Critical Philosophy”?
Authors:   Pan-European Academy of Humanities, Letters, Law, and Sciences (Academia Europaea), Westphal Kenneth R.
Published: November 2023

This paper answers the question, what is Kant’s ‘Critical Philosophy’? The an­swer is not provided by a bibliography of Kant’s main works, nor by his tran­scendental idealism. The answer consists in Kant’s critique of our human capa­city to judge and of those rational principles by which we can properly judge matters accurately and cogently. To show this, three key features of Kant’s cri­tique of rational judgment are examined: five constitutive characteristics of our human capacity to judge (§2), two basic theses of Kant’s Critical philosophy (§3) and a table of basic systematic questions and their Critical answers (§4). This conspectus is philosophically significant because it clearly identifies Kant’s Critical method and its key considerations, which continue to be widely neg­lected when considering philosophical method (§5). Key findings of this paper include: Kant’s comprehensive critique of rational judgment and justification suffices to justify his rejection of transcendent metaphysics and the sole innate right to freedom, without appeal to his transcendental idealism or to his account of ‘dignity’ as the incommensurable value of rational agency; Kant’s thesis of singular cognitive reference (specified herein) suffices to reject infallibilism and to justify fallibilism regarding our rational justification of both empirical and moral judgments.
Social and Philosophical Ideas of Napoleon III
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Krotov Artem A.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the worldview of Louis Bonaparte, his ideas about the political prospects of mankind, which include generalizing judg­ments about the meaning of the French Revolution, about the significance of Napoleonic rule for social life. Of course, for Louis Bonaparte the theoretical works he wrote served as a means of promoting his own political aspirations, a kind of justification for the ambitions that inspired him, but also a certain philosophical support on the life path. Created by him even before coming to power, they may well be coordinated with the subsequent actions of the new­ly president of the republic, and then the emperor. He attached the most world­view importance to the image of Napoleon, which was interpreted as the focus of the leading lines of social development. Progress, justice, the social hierar­chy determined by merit, the confederation of free European states – these are the main features of the near future in his understanding. Like representatives of Saint-Simonianism, Louis Bonaparte called for the care of the poorest, most suffering class. His social project provided for the creation of agricultural colonies on abandoned, uncultivated sites. The liquidation of unemployment, in his opinion, could eliminate extreme poverty from everyday life. But, unlike Saint-Simon, he attached much greater importance to the role of the state and the centralization of power, did not consider Napoleon to be a defender of the obsolete feudal system. The example of Napoleon III shows a special way of mutual influence of philosophy and power: his social concept was formed primarily as a result of a very specific understanding of the decisions of his illustrious predecessor, this concept embodied an explicit desire for the post of head of state, and at the same time it found, albeit incomplete, reflection in politics of the Second Empire.
Symbolism of Number in the Traditional World Perception of the Mongolian Ethnous: A Philosophical Aspect
Authors:   East Siberian State University of Technology and Management, Antonov Vladimir I. , Purevsuren Byambakhishig ,   Institute of Philosophy, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Badmaev Valeriy N. ,   Кalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Oiuuna Oiuuna А. ,   East Siberian State University of Technology and Management
Published: November 2023

The philosophical aspect of the spiritual culture of the Mongolian ethnic groups is of undoubted interest for modern Russian science. Features of the cultural genesis of the Mongolian-speaking ethnic groups of Russia (Buryats and Kalmyks) have common historical and cultural foundations with the Mongolian world. These fea­tures make it possible to consider the Mongolian ethnos as a certain spiritual and cultural integrity. In this article, the authors continue to develop previously ob­tained results from the position of philosophy and semiotics of culture. The origi­nal philosophical, conceptual and methodological formulation of the problem is based on Hegel’s teaching about the symbol, about the symbolic form, which in his interpretation is characteristic of the culture and art of the East. The work reveals the role of the number symbolism in the spiritual and cultural life of the Mongols, considers its characteristic features based on the analysis of the numbers 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 13, 25, 37, 49, 60, 61, 73, 81, occupying an important place in the ethno-cultural world of the Mongols, the invariable and enduring value-conceptual nature of the number symbolism is shown. The identification of the traditional features of the Mongolian worldview of numerical symbolism is carried out from the posi­tion of the philosophy of the ethnos. The philosophy of ethnos is considered as a relatively new approach in the space of philosophy, focused on the inclusion of non-Western ethnic worldviews in the general outline of philosophical prob­lems. The joint work of Russian and Mongolian specialists in this field of research has made it possible to obtain new results for the philosophy of the ethnos, the phi­losophy and semiotics of culture, and in general for philosophical science.