bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance in Chinese manufacturing sector: Ownership structure, monitoring and firms' earning quality
Authors: Sheng Dachen , Guyot Opale
Published: December 2023

In this study, we explore the impact of ownership structure on a firm's earnings quality in emerging markets. Using the Chinese manufacturing industry sample set, we demonstrate that higher profitability performance could increase earnings quality. Higher concentrated shareholding and institutional shareholding reduce information asymmetry and improve external monitoring, improving earnings quality. Well-studied independent board members do not improve but contribute negatively to earnings quality. Such a result may be due to the lack of variation in the number of independent board members in each list of firms. Almost all firms choose to have three independent board members. Finally, bond debt increases asset size and agency costs; the impact of bond debt on earnings quality is negative. When considering the interaction between bond covenants and external monitoring, including independent board members and institutional shareholdings, the interactive effects reduce the negative effect of the bond debt on earnings quality. This study contributes to discovering that both direct and indirect monitoring of ownership structure contributes to the firm's management and provides some useful insight to reduce agency costs.
An in-depth study of the biology, trophic ecology and catchability of the invasive pufferfish Lagocephalus sceleratus from southern Turkey, eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Ersönmez Hasan , Enver Özyurt Caner , Mavruk Sinan , Yıldız Taner , Ulman Aylin
Published: December 2023

The silver-cheeked toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus) is an invasive species of highest concern. Its population must be controlled to mitigate its negative impacts on marine ecosystems, fishers, fisheries and human health. This study thoroughly investigates the biology, diet and catchability of the L. sceleratus stock from Finike, Turkey from March 2017 to February 2018 in order to better manage its invasion. A total of 751 specimens were sampled for this study with a M/F ratio of 1.25/1. The species becomes sexually mature at three and a half years of age, and Lm50 was 41.39 cm for males and 42.08 cm for females. Its spawning season in this region was from June to August, peaking in July. Its diet was mostly crustaceans in spring, fish in summer and both fish and crustaceans in winter. This species consumed a large amount of other pufferfish species, resulting in over a quarter of its fish diet. The trophic level of L. sceleratus was 4.41, demonstrating that it is indeed a top predator carnivore in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Ingested fishing gear parts such as net pieces and hooks were found in about 10% of the fish. A slight modification of longlines using steel branch lines and a swivel hook resulted in double the catch per unit effort than standard longlines, so this technique can be used to target and control more of this invasive species, which is a national priority.
Pour un usage de l’entretien d’explicitation ou micro-phénoménologique avec une interprète de Mohini Attam. Retour sur une recherche en cours
Authors: Fratagnoli Federica
Published: December 2023

L’article retrace les points clés d’une recherche en cours, soutenue par l’« Aide à la recherche et au patrimoine en danse » du Centre national de la danse (CN D) en 2022. Il interroge l’utilisation d’une technique d’entretien – l’entretien d’explicitation ou micro-phénoménologique – qui a été mobilisé au sein du projet avec une interprète française de Mohini Attam, Brigitte Chataignier. Après avoir situé méthodologiquement ce choix et présenté la technique d’entretien, l’article s’attardera sur la lecture d’un certain nombre d’extraits d’un entretien réalisé avec cette interprète. Ses paroles aideront à comprendre en quoi cette technique permet une verbalisation fine de l’expérience dansée et à avancer des hypothèses sur la place et l’importance de la figure du maître dans ce style de danse.
L’échec des corps de contrôle comme cause profonde de la crise institutionnelle en Haïti
Authors: Paul Bénédique
Published: December 2023

Les crises qui se répètent en Haïti ont pour l’essentiel leur source dans une crise plus profonde, la crise institutionnelle. Dans cet article, nous discutons le concept de crise institutionnelle et analysons ce phénomène à l’échelle des corps constitués, censés garantir le contrôle social et assurer le développement. L’approche par les corps de contrôle mobilisée s’est inspirée du concept de Tiers institué proposé par Pierre Legendre. Autant il est vrai que l’on ne peut donner que ce que l’on a, autant la crise institutionnelle à l’intérieur des corps constitués peut expliquer la crise institutionnelle à l’échelle de l’État. La grille de lecture institutionnelle représentée par le Tiers institué offre non seulement une opportunité d’analyse féconde de la crise, mais également une stratégie de résolution efficace de celle-ci.
Analyse empirique de la relation entre le changement climatique et la sécurité alimentaire à la Dominique
Authors: Dupont Louis
Published: December 2023

Cette étude a pour objectif d’explorer dans le cas de la Dominique, la relation entre la sécurité alimentaire et des variables climatiques et économiques telles que : les précipitations, la température, les émissions de CO2, la croissance économique, et le taux d’inflation. Un modèle autorégressif à retards échelonnés (ARDL) est utilisé à cet effet, pour évaluer l’impact de ces variables sur la sécurité alimentaire, avec des données couvrant la période 1995-2019. Les résultats issus de l’application de ce modèle révèlent qu’à court terme, la température a un impact négatif sur la sécurité alimentaire. Les émissions de CO2 par habitant ont comme attendu un effet négatif à court terme comme à long terme sur la sécurité alimentaire, tandis que la croissance économique exerce un effet positif à long terme sur la sécurité alimentaire. Les précipitations pour leur part affichent un coefficient significativement positif tant qu’à court terme qu’à long terme sur la sécurité alimentaire. Par ailleurs, le coefficient de l’inflation, paradoxalement, n’affiche pas le signe attendu, et n’exerce qu’un effet marginal sur la sécurité alimentaire. Enfin, les évènements climatiques extrêmes tels que les cyclones ont comme prévu des effets néfastes à court terme sur la sécurité alimentaire.
Altérité d’aliénation coloniale. Le drame de la rencontre impossible entre sujets colonisés haïtiens et dominicains
Authors: Renaud Stinfil Jacques
Published: December 2023

La réalité dichotomique de la situation coloniale, ainsi que l’analyse Fanon, dichotomise également la catégorie de l’altérité. En contexte colonial, il y a l’Autre et l’autre, et entre les deux, une frontière à laquelle sont reliées des violences diverses. L’Autre constitue le pôle négatif de l’indésirable et l’autre, le pôle positif du désirable. En prenant comme cadre d’analyse la relation haïtiano-dominicaine, je montre que ce caractère dichotomique de l’altérité survit dans le monde post-colonial sous la forme pathologique d’une trichotomie altéritaire, en rendant impossible toute rencontre authentique entre sujets aliénés dominicains et haïtiens. Sous l’inspiration de Frantz Fanon, je fais dépendre la solution du problème d’abord d’une initiative d’autoabolition de soi de la part du sujet le plus « concerné », à savoir le sujet noir ou haïtien.
Identification of Foxtail Millet Solution for Malignant Colorectal Cell Growth Reduction Using Deep Learning-Based Mobile Net Model
Authors: Dash Artatrana Biswaprasanna , Dash Sachikanta , Padhy Sasmita
Published: December 2023

Millets are cereal crops, commonly grown in semi-arid regions. Millets are known to be a good source of fiber, magnesium, phosphorous, zinc, serotonin, and gluten-free product that helps to heal Cancer effectively. The active components of Foxtail millet bran (FMBP) are promoting higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that help block the STAT3 pathway by reducing the growth of malignant cells in intestine. Nowadays in medical colonoscopy, histological image analysis and MRI are some commonly adapted techniques for the identification of polyps in the colon. However, the manual approaches are very time-consuming and less accurate. There is no specific model available that can measure the effectiveness of millet in healing malignant cell growth in colon. The main goal is to design a deep learning based MoblileNet-V3 model for the detection and classification of histological images. This study will help researchers and medical practitioners to compare the malignancy status before and after the consumption of millet.
From Fields to Satellites
Authors: Kaza Vijaya Sindhoori , P. R. Anisha , Badam Rithika
Published: December 2023

This chapter explores the impact of millet cultivation and sustainable development on agriculture, focusing on advancements in production and environmental practices. Key factors influencing production quantity, quality, location, etc., are analysed. It presents an overview of food security assessments, modelling, mapping, and monitoring techniques, utilizing data from various satellites, from spectroradiometers, and ground-truthing, the grain yield of different millet varieties is estimated, accounting for regional variations and the influence of soil bunds on crop growth. Through the application of the random forest technique, the chapter demonstrates how crop yields can be identified and predicted using regression models based on rainfall patterns and millet suitability in specific Indian states. The findings showcase how monitoring techniques can empower farmers in various regions to achieve higher yields, sustainable food production, and improved crop quality along with addressing the limitations or challenges encountered during the research process.
Policy Perspective for Developing Electric Vehicle Ecosystem
Authors: Shirunda Oliver Shivava , Kanyimba Kalaluka , Musti K.S. Sastry
Published: December 2023

Use of electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly increasing all over the world, and new ecosystems are being developed. The chapter investigates EV-ecosystems, possible business prospects, related challenges, and customer adaptation models linked to the mass adoption of EVs. Establishment of logistical support, EV charging infrastructure, overall energy requirements, possible changes in the demand response of the grid, impact on environment are presented. Geolocation studies for EV charging stations for Namibia are investigated. A simplified ecosystem for EV adaption with four major constituents for wider EV adaptation is proposed. In the end, the chapter makes recommendations for the best ways to mitigate various challenges linked with establishing a functional EV ecosystem in Namibia.
An Integrative Theoretical Framework for Responsible Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Haidar Ahmad
Published: December 2023

The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various sectors has yielded significant benefits, such as enhanced business efficiency and customer satisfaction, while posing challenges, including privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and threats to autonomy. In response to these multifaceted issues, this study proposes a novel integrative theoretical framework for Responsible AI (RAI), which addresses four key dimensions: technical, sustainable development, responsible innovation management, and legislation. The responsible innovation management and the legal dimensions form the foundational layers of the framework. The first embeds elements like anticipation and reflexivity into corporate culture, and the latter examines AI-specific laws from the European Union and the United States, providing a comparative perspective on legal frameworks governing AI. The study's findings may be helpful for businesses seeking to responsibly integrate AI, developers who focus on creating responsibly compliant AI, and policymakers looking to foster awareness and develop guidelines for RAI.
AI-Powered Tracking for Sustainable Marine Ecosystem Resource Management Projects
Authors: Chau Toby , Zhang Helen Lv , Gui Yuyue , Lau Man Fai
Published: December 2023

Ecosystems are our planet's life-support systems that facilitate sustainable development. Within the marine ecosystem, oysters serve as a keystone species. Numerous oyster restoration projects have been launched with a crucial element involving precise assessment of oyster population sizes within specific reef areas. However, the current methods of tracking oyster populations are approximate and lack precision. To address this research gap, the authors developed an AI-empowered project for oyster detection. Specifically, they created a dataset of wild oysters, utilized Roboflow for image annotation, and employed image augmentation techniques to augment the training data. Then, they fine-tuned a YOLOv8 computer vision object detection model using their dataset. The results demonstrated a mean average precision (mAP) of 85.2 percent and an accuracy of 87.7 percent for oyster detection. This approach improved upon previous attempts to detect wild oysters, offering a more effective solution for population assessment, which is a fundamental step toward sustainable oyster restoration project management.
Cutting Edge: PDGF-DD Binding to NKp44 Costimulates TLR9 Signaling and Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Barrow Alexander David , Cella Marina , Edeling Melissa Anne , Khan Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran , Cervantes-Barragan Luisa , Bugatti Mattia , Schmedt Christian , Vermi William , Colonna Marco
Published: December 2023

NKp44 is a human receptor originally found on activated NK cells, group 1 and group 3 innate lymphoid cells that binds dimers of platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-DD). NKp44 is also expressed on tissue plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs), but NKp44-PDGF-DD interaction on PDCs remains unstudied. Engagement of NKp44 with PDGF-DD in vitro enhanced PDC secretion of IFN-α, TNF, and IL-6 in response to the TLR9 ligand CpG-ODN, but not TLR7/8 ligands. In tissues, PDCs were found in close contact with PDGF-DD–expressing cells in the high endothelial venules and epithelium of tonsils, melanomas, and skin lesions infected with Molluscum contagiosum. Recombinant PDGF-DD enhanced the serum IFN-α response to systemic HSV-1 infection in a humanized mouse model. We conclude that NKp44 integrates with TLR9 signaling to enhance PDC cytokine production. These findings may have bearings for immune responses to TLR9-based adjuvants, therapy for tumors expressing PDGF-DD, and infections with DNA viruses that induce PDGF-DD expression to enhance viral spread.
Single-Cell Transcriptomes and Immune Repertoires Reveal the Cell State and Molecular Changes in Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Duan Shumin , Li Qionghua , Wang Fei , Kuang Wenjing , Dong Yunmei , Liu Dan , Wang Jiongke , Li Wei , Chen Qianming , Zeng Xin , Li Taiwen
Published: December 2023

The etiology and pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) entail intricate interactions between immune cells and epithelial cells. However, the specific subtypes of immune cells involved in PV, along with their respective roles, remain elusive. Likewise, the precise functions and mechanisms by which glucocorticoids affect cell types within the disease context require further elucidation. To address these knowledge gaps, we performed 5′ single-cell RNA sequencing, combined with V(D)J enrichment on buccal mucosal lesions and peripheral blood samples from treatment-naive patients with PV, in conjunction with post-treatment peripheral blood samples obtained after oral prednisone treatment. Our findings suggest that the IL-1α signaling pathway, myeloid APCs, inflammatory CD8+ resident memory T cells, and dysfunctional CD4+ regulatory T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of PV. Part of these findings were validated by immunohistochemical assays and multiplex immunofluorescence assays. Furthermore, our results highlight the significant impact of prednisone treatment on monocytes and mucosal-associated invariant T cells while revealing a limited effect on CD4+ regulatory T cells. Additionally, we present the CDR3 amino acid sequence of BCR related to PV disease and investigate the characteristics of TCR/BCR clonotypes. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of PV, particularly focusing on the mucosal-dominant type, and sheds light on the effects of glucocorticoids within the PV context. These insights hold promise for the development of new therapeutic strategies in this autoimmune disorder.
Alternatively Spliced Variants of Murine CD247 Influence T Cell Development and Activation, Revealing the Importance of the CD3ζ C-Terminal Region
Authors: Jin Ye , Yuan Huijuan , Mehta Isha , Ezenwa Ogechukwu , Morel Penelope A
Published: December 2023

CD247, also known as CD3ζ, is a crucial signaling molecule that transduces signals delivered by TCR through its three ITAMs. CD3ζ is required for successful thymocyte development. Three additional alternatively spliced variants of murine CD247 have been described, that is, CD3ι, CD3θ, and CD3η, that differ from CD3ζ in the C terminus such that the third ITAM is lost. Previous studies demonstrated defects in T cell development in mice expressing CD3η, but the TCR signaling pathways affected by CD3η and the impacts of the CD3ι and CD3θ on T cell development were not explored. In this study, we used a retrovirus-mediated gene transfer technique to express these three isoforms individually and examined the roles of them on T cell development and activation. Rag1−/− mice reconstituted with CD3θ-expressing bone marrow failed to develop mature T cells. CD3ι-expressing T cells exhibited similar development and activation as cells expressing CD3ζ. In contrast, thymic development was severely impaired in CD3η-reconstituted mice. Single-positive but not double-positive CD3η-expressing thymocytes had reduced TCR expression, and CD5 expression was decreased at the double-positive stage, suggesting a defect in positive selection. Peripheral CD3η-expressing T cells had expanded CD44hi populations and upregulation of exhaustion markers seen by flow cytometry and RNA sequencing analysis. Analysis of early signaling events demonstrated significantly reduced activation of both the PLCγ1 and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. There was also a reduction in the frequency of activation of CD3η-expressing T cells. These studies reveal the importance of the CD3ζ C-terminal region in T cell development and activation.
Oral Rehydration Beverages for Treating Exercise-Associated Dehydration: A Systematic Review, Part II. The Effectiveness of Alternatives to Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Drinks
Authors: De Brier Niels , Borra Vere , Berry David C. , Zideman David , Singletary Eunice , De Buck Emmy ,   International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation First Aid Task Force
Published: December 2023

Objective

Dehydration associated with exertion is a commonly encountered condition in the first aid setting, particularly at outdoor sporting events. Part I of this systematic review demonstrated that commercial sports drinks can be suggested for effective restoration of fluid balance in dehydrated people. In part II, we perform a systematic review to compare alternative liquids, such as cow’s milk, beer, and coconut water, with water for effective oral rehydration after prolonged exercise.

Data Sources

Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via the PubMed interface, and Embase databases were searched up until June 1, 2022.

Study Selection

Controlled experimental and observational studies involving adults and children were included when dehydration was induced by physical exercise and oral rehydration fluids were administered and compared with regular water. No additional food intake accompanied the rehydration drinks or water. Articles in all languages were included if an English abstract was available.

Data Extraction

Study design, study population, intervention, outcome measures, and study limitations were extracted from each included article.

Data Synthesis

Of 3485 articles screened, 11 articles in which authors compared skim or low-fat cow’s milk, coconut water, or beer (0%–5% alcohol) with water were included. Authors of 4 studies showed that drinking skim or low-fat milk, without additional food intake, led to improved volume/hydration status compared with drinking water. Authors of 3 trials showed no differences at multiple times for outcomes related to volume/hydration status after rehydration with fresh coconut water compared with water. Evidence to recommend beer (0%–5% alcohol) for rehydration is insufficient.

Conclusions

Consuming skim or low-fat cow’s milk without additional food intake as compared with water appears to improve volume/hydration status in people with exercise-induced dehydration. However, evidence is of very low certainty and should be interpreted with caution.
Use of donepezil for neurocognitive recovery after brain injury in adult and pediatric populations: a scoping review
Authors: Miller Avery L. , Evanson Nathan K. , Taylor J. Michael
Published: December 2023

There are few pharmacologic options for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil have been evaluated in adult patients after traumatic brain injury, but relatively less is known about the effect in pediatric populations. The goal of this review is to identify knowledge gaps in the efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as a potential adjuvant treatment for neurocognitive decline in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury. Investigators queried PubMed to identify literature published from database inception through June 2023 describing the use of donepezil in young adult traumatic brain injury and pediatric patients with predefined conditions. Based on preselected search criteria, 340 unique papers were selected for title and abstract screening. Thirty-two records were reviewed in full after eliminating preclinical studies and papers outside the scope of the project. In adult traumatic brain injury, we review results from 14 papers detailing 227 subjects where evidence suggests donepezil is well tolerated and shows both objective and patient-reported efficacy for reducing cognitive impairment. In children, 3 papers report on 5 children recovering from traumatic brain injury, showing limited efficacy. An additional 15 pediatric studies conducted in populations at risk for cognitive dysfunction provide a broader look at safety and efficacy in 210 patients in the pediatric age group. Given its promise for efficacy in adults with traumatic brain injury and tolerability in pediatric patients, we believe further study of donepezil for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury is warranted.
Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex plays multiple roles in the executive function of patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhou Zihang , Yan Yalong , Gu Heng , Sun Ruiao , Liao Zihan , Xue Ke , Tang Chuanxi
Published: December 2023

Parkinson's disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities, leading to cognitive impairment. One common issue in Parkinson's disease with cognitive dysfunction is the difficulty in executive functioning. Executive functions help us plan, organize, and control our actions based on our goals. The brain area responsible for executive functions is called the prefrontal cortex. It acts as the command center for the brain, especially when it comes to regulating executive functions. The role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive processes is influenced by a chemical messenger called dopamine. However, little is known about how dopamine affects the cognitive functions of patients with Parkinson's disease. In this article, the authors review the latest research on this topic. They start by looking at how the dopaminergic system, is altered in Parkinson's disease with executive dysfunction. Then, they explore how these changes in dopamine impact the synaptic structure, electrical activity, and connection components of the prefrontal cortex. The authors also summarize the relationship between Parkinson's disease and dopamine-related cognitive issues. This information may offer valuable insights and directions for further research and improvement in the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
Interest of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Towards Specialised Training in Facial Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery in India - An Evaluative Study
Authors: Kumar Vaibhav , Shome Debraj , Mhatre Pranjal , Khot Atrey J. Pai , Gaunkar Ridhima Birmani , Mhamunkar Priyanka
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

The Dental Council of India has included facial plastic surgery in the scope of practice of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (OMFSs) in India. However, the knowledge and interests of these specialists towards facial plastic surgery are unexplored.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study consisting of a structured questionnaire tool with six domains and 46 questions was circulated amongst registered OMFSs in India. The study consisted of 950 participants. The data obtained from this questionnaire were coded and entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and a descriptive analysis was conducted.

Results:

The study yielded that only 33% of the participants were completely aware of facial fillers and 30.5% were aware of Botox procedure. However, there was complete awareness of blepharoplasty in 42%, cheiloplasty/palatoplasty in 65.8%, laser facial resurfacing in 23.7% and facial rejuvenation in 23.5% of the participants.

Discussion:

It was found that a high number of OMFSs felt that their exposure to plastic surgery during their post-graduation years was not sufficient.
Rare case of primary neurofibroma involving urinary bladder without signs of neurofibromatosis: An "Oddball" to urologist
Authors: Tadha Ajaykumar Dhirubhai , Gupta Sandeep , Guha Mallick Sinha Mamata
Published: December 2023

Literature related to neurofibroma involving the genitourinary system in a patient with systemic neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1) is very few. The reported cases further decline in number when it comes to primary neurofibroma of the urinary bladder without signs of NF-1. Here, we report one such case of a 41-year-old gentleman with large bladder mass, presented to us with complaints of obstructive and voiding urinary symptoms with an episode of hematuria. Related imagines were done, and the patient underwent trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry examinations were suggestive of neurofibroma. No recurrence in 6 months of follow-up.
Ambu® aScope™ as a Gastroscope in Emergency Situations: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Dammalapati Pavan Kumar
Published: December 2023

The working principles of the bronchoscope and gastroscope differ in the fact that the anatomical structures which they interrogate have different collapsibility. The trachea and bronchi are supported by cartilage which make then non-collapsible, hence no external support is needed to visualise their lumen. The oesophagus on the other hand is a collapsible structure which requires air insufflation to investigate the lumen. The modern anaesthesiologist is well versed with the bronchoscopy equipment but is not accustomed to using a gastroscope even though transoesophageal echocardiography is also a modified gastroscope. The proper gastroscopy done by the gastroenterologists or the rigid oesophagoscope needs time and logistical support, which might not be possible every time in the perioperative period. Here, the author tries to demonstrate the use of a flexible bronchoscope (Ambu® aScope™) as a gastroscope in emergencies in the perioperative period.
A successful outcome in a case of nonobstructive azoospermia with repeat surgical sperm retrieval (SSR)-testicular sperm aspiration followed by microsurgical testicular sperm extraction
Authors: Ahuja Meenu Vashisht , Talwar Pankaj
Published: December 2023

Azoospermia is a major cause of male infertility, either obstructive or nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). However, such couples should be offered surgical sperm retrieval to enable them to become parents with their own gametes. Cases of NOA will have higher retrieval rate with microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE), even though, in some cases, it may be a repeat procedure.

Presenting here a case of successful twin gestation after intracytoplasmic sperm injection with sperms retrieved successfully by micro-TESE after a previous failed frozen embryo transfer with a very poor retrieval by a testicular sperm aspiration in a case of NOA.
Evaluation of salivary endothelin-1 as a biomarker for oral cancer and precancer
Authors: Irfan Sumaiya , Zaidi Noorin , Tiwari Kshama , Lal Nirupma , Srivastava Anand Narayan , Singh Shivangi
Published: December 2023

Context:

Oral cancer is highly prevalent in India. Lack of awareness and delay in diagnosis and treatment of patients with oral cancer leads to high mortality and poor survival of patients. Salivary endothelin-1 is proposed as a prospective biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aims:

Aim of the study was to evaluate salivary level of endothelin-1 in oral cancer and precancer as a biomarker.

Settings and Design:

We planned a case control study to evaluate salivary level of Endothelin-1 in oral cancer and precancer as a biomarker.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 72 subjects were taken in study out of which 24 cases were of histopathologically confirmed premalignat oral lesion (oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis), 24 cases were of histopathologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma, and 24 cases of healthy age and gender matched controls without any addiction to tobacco in any form from a tertiary care hospital were taken. Saliva was collected from all following standard guidelines and estimation of salivary endothelin-1 was done by ELISA.

Statistical Analysis Used:

SPSS software version 15.

Results:

Salivary endothelin-1 values of controls ranged between 0.09 and 1.88 pg/ml while that of premalignant cases ranged between 1.16 and 16.135 pg/ml and of SCC cases ranged between 2.567 and 22.98 pg/ml.

Conclusions:

Salivary endothelin-1 is raised in oral squamous cell carcinoma compared to premalignant and controls therefore, shows capability to differentiate between premalignant lesion and oral cancer. So, it could be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis.
Importance of radio-histo-cytopathological correlation, A retrospective study of cyto-histological and radiological correlation of salivary gland lesions using Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology
Authors: Vijayakumar Gopikrishnan , Narayanan Anand Vijaya , Srikiran T. K , Aravind Sithara , Sandeep Vijay P
Published: December 2023

Background:

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for salivary gland tumors can be challenging to due to the diversity of lesions and cytomorphological convergence between the tumors. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was hence developed and introduced to provide enhanced communication in salivary gland cytopathology. To evaluate the diagnostic utility and validity of MSRSGC in combination with ancillary radiological investigations, we aim to find correlation between Milan system and the radiological impression comparing with final histopathological diagnosis.

Aims and Objective:

Correlate the Milan category with the radiological and final histopathological diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Review the FNAC diagnosis of salivary gland lesions and identify cytomorphological predictors of malignancy. Correlate the FNAC and the radiological diagnosis with final diagnosis in histopathology.

Material and Methods:

A five year retrospective study, comprising fifty four cases of salivary gland FNAC were included in the study.

Results:

Majority of the cases belong to Milan VI—Malignant followed by Milan IVa—Benign and rest of cases were among other categories. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of adjuvant radiological diagnosis in differentiating benign and malignant salivary gland lesions was found to be 80%, 62.5%, 72.7%, and 71.4%, respectively. We could observe that the concurrent radiological assessment along with Milan system of reporting in salivary gland FNAC especially under suspicious categories (Milan Category IVb as well as Milan Category V) is a useful and sensitive predictor of malignancy.

Conclusion:

A correlation with any form of ancillary radiological assessment is a helpful adjuvant with Milan system to derive a relatable diagnosis in salivary gland neoplasm especially those in categories describing the suspicious entities.
Development and validation of a densitometric high performance thin layer chromatography method for simultaneous analysis of three constituents in Chyavanprash
Authors: Ganguly Partha , Sarkar Rajashree , Saha Sourabh , Chowdhury Subhadeep , Paul Nirankush , Singh Rahul , Katiyar Chandra Kant
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

A densitometric High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method has been established for simultaneous quantification of Gallic acid, Piperine, and Withaferin A in Chyavanprash. Chyavanprash possesses multiple health benefits including immunity boosting and has been widely used since ancient times. The surge of COVID-19 has further increased its demand resulting lack of monitoring on raw materials to ensure its efficacy.

METHODS:

Aluminum plates coated with silica gel 60F254 as stationary phase was used with Toluene:Ethyl acetate:Formic acid:Methanol [30:30:8:2] (v/v/v/v) as mobile phase. The plates were developed to a distance of 60 mm at 25 ± 2°C in a chamber previously saturated for 30 min. Densitometric analysis was performed at 254 nm in absorbance mode.

RESULTS:

Amounts of Gallic acid, Piperine, and Withaferin A are 0.75% (w/w), 0.28 % (w/w), and 0.14% (w/w), respectively, in the formulation. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Calibration plots were linear in the concentration range 0.5–6.0 µg per band for Gallic acid; 0.20–1.00 µg per band for Piperine, and 2.0–8.0 µg per band Withaferin A. The correlation coefficients were 0.990, 0.994, and 0.997 for Gallic acid, Piperine, and Withaferin A, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

The method is simple, precise, specific, accurate, and economical. It can be used for routine analysis in formulations containing Amalaki, Pippali, and Ashwagandha.
Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies of Crotalaria retusa L. (Shanapuspi) dried roots
Authors: Das Debajyoti , Bolleddu Rajesh , Das Manosi , Sahu Dipsundar , Mangal Anupam K. , Babu Gajji , Prasad Peyyala Venkata Vara
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Crotalaria retusa L. belongs to the Fabaceae family and is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. In Ayurveda, its roots are used against hemoptysis. The roots of C. retusa are used in folklore medicine in many countries for the treatment of numerous diseases. Roots are used against fever, cough, dyspepsia, cardiac disorders, stomatitis, diarrhea, scabies, impetigo, and several other disorders. But so far, the pharmacognostical and phytochemical standardization of root has not been reported for proper identification. Hence, the present study was carried out for the establishment of quality parameters of the root of this plant.

METHODS:

Macroscopy, anatomical studies, powder analysis, physiochemical properties like ash values, extractive values, and high-performance thin layer chromatography profile of roots were done as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India guidelines.

RESULTS:

In powder microscopy, acicular crystals, elongated tracheids were observed. Water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extractive values were found to be 4.78% and 7.63%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

The qualitative and quantitative standards established in this study can serve as a valuable authentication source of C. retusa L. roots.
Translation and Validation of the Kannada Version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire
Authors: Ancy R. J. , Shenoy Rekha P. , Sonde Laxminarayan , Mohammed Imran Pasha
Published: December 2023

Background:

The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) is used to evaluate the self-reported impact of dental esthetics on quality of life of adolescents.

Aim:

PIDAQ was not available in Kannada. Prompted by the importance that this type of questionnaire has acquired, this study aimed to translate the original English version of PIDAQ into Kannada and to assess the validity and reliability of the translated Kannada version in order to provide a theoretical basis for further application in Kannada-speaking adolescents.

Materials and Methods:

A school-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 13–19-year-old adolescents. The study was conducted on a pilot sample (n = 20), and a final study sample (n = 92) was selected conveniently from five different higher secondary schools in Mangalore. PIDAQ was given. Dental esthetics was assessed using the Aesthetic Component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Dental Aesthetic Index. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was studied by carrying out factor analysis. Test–retest reliability was tested using intra-class correlation coefficient.

Results:

The Kannada PIDAQ showed good reliability with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.832 and overall test–retest reliability ranging from 0.723 to 0.980. The construct validity was good with formation of two new domains “Self-consciousness” and “Aspiration.”

Conclusion:

The good validity and reliability of Kannada PIDAQ make it a suitable tool for assessment of the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics among adolescents who are fluent in reading, writing, and understanding Kannada.
Aged Garlic Extract as a Wonder Herb in Medicine and Oral Care: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kataria Sakshi , Sahoo Swatishree , Marya Charu Mohan , Nagpal Ruchi , Taneja Pratibha
Published: December 2023

There has been a sudden high demand of the population for herbal products in the current scenario. Plant-derived various natural products have been utilized in the treatment of various diseases since ancient times. The constituents of these products are mostly herbal extracts, such as polyphenols, garlic, turmeric, aloe vera, green tea, neem, fenugreek, and basil leaves. The most active and beneficial component of garlic is considered allicin. It has the following properties such as antibiotic effect, antioxidant effect, cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition, antineoplastic activity, and anti-inflammatory effect. A wide range of beneficial effects of garlic extracts has been seen to have on oral health. Garlic extracts have proven to be a potential agent for reducing gingival and periodontal diseases in many studies. In an in vitro study, aged garlic extract (AGE) showed gingival wound healing. AGE has proved to be effective against chlorhexidine gluconate in inhibiting plaque bacteria in vitro as well as in vivo. Garlic extracts have antimycotic activity toward a group of fungal agents which also includes its role in denture stomatitis. Due to its role in inhibiting carcinogenesis, AGE is shown to improve the signs and symptoms of stage II oral submucous fibrosis patients. Despite all the beneficial effects, it has a potential risk factor for postsurgical bleeding, chemical burn in oral mucosa, malodor, and mucosal irritation. With all the health benefits, AGE can be used as an alternate to other antibiotics and a potential agent for many oral diseases.
Know Your Adjuncts
Authors: Palliyani Jiti Bhuvandas , Dharmadhikari Suyog , Shetty Devanand , Shetty Arvind , Wadkar Pooja
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Knowledge of oral health is a prerequisite for psychological and physical health. The two most prevalent oral diseases, dental caries and periodontal diseases, are largely preventable through professional and self-care activities. With a boom in over-the-counter self-care products available for better oral health, it is imperative to know the awareness with regard to them, among the general population. The objective of this study was to survey the awareness regarding the use of interdental aids and chemical plaque control among the general population.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire comprising 17 close-ended questions was handed down to the 473 patients at the outpatient department of DY Patil School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, to gather information regarding their awareness and technique of using interdental aids and chemical plaque control. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the SAS software.

Results:

According to the analysis done using the SAS software, 58% lacked awareness of inter dental aids whereas 14% were not aware of mouth rinses. At the same time, 98% had no knowledge about water irrigation devices or the side effects of mouth rinses.

Conclusion:

The study indicated that as compared to oral rinses, the awareness among the masses regarding the use of interdental aids and their helpfulness in prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases is lacking. There is a need for a dentist to take the front seat in patient education in terms of mechanical and chemical plaque control adjuncts.
Evaluation of Micronuclei in Buccal Smears of Mobile Phone Users: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sangle Varsha , Male Vijayalaxmi P. , Sanap Sneha , Maniyar Anuja , Ugale Gauri , Gundre Dipali
Published: December 2023

Background:

The mobile uses have been increased drastically, creating increased health concern about radiation effects emitted from mobile phone. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the micronuclei (MN) frequency in exfoliated oral mucosal cells in high and low mobile users.

Materials and Methods:

The total of 50 subjects was divided into two major groups: low mobile phone users and high mobile phone users. Further, subjects who use mobile phone for more than 10 h a week were considered high talk time users and <4–5 h a week was low talk time users. The buccal mucosa cells are extracted by scraping the oral cavity with a wooden spatula. MN was evaluated in 1000 cells per individual at the microscope.

Results:

There was a significantly increase in MN count in high mobile users compared to low mobile users. There was a highly significant difference in the mean MN count of participants using code division multiple access than global system for mobiles mobile phones. The MN mean count was found to be significantly increased in nonheadphone users in comparison to headphone users. Furthermore, the MN count on the frequently used side of mobile phone was found to be statistically significantly elevated compared to the opposite side.

Conclusions:

Mobile phone radiation, even in the permissible range when used for a longer duration, can cause significant genotoxicity. The genotoxicity is noted when the mobile phone is used more frequently on the same side, which may be due to more amount of radiation and increase in the temperature. Headphone usage reduces the genotoxicity of mobile phone radiation to some extent.
An In vitro, Nonexperimental, Exploratory Research for the Development of a Guidance System to Identify Dental Implant System Used in India Based on Their Radiographic Appearance
Authors: Kute Sayali Ulhas , Agrawal Amit Arvind , Prakash Nilima , Gulve Meenal N.
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Identifying an osseointegrated dental implant could become vitally important in case some other clinician tries to restore it and plays a vital role in forensic odontology. However, existing ways to identify them are very crude and nonspecific. In addition, they are not focusing on implants used frequently in India.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to design a guidance system to identify different implant systems and their subtypes used in India and to evaluate the efficiency of this guidance system to identify an unknown dental implant.

Materials and Methods:

Radiographs of the 15 most common dental implant systems used in India were analyzed and categorized based on their morphological appearance under the headings. Nontapered or tapered/threaded or not, neck design, thread length, shape, etc., were observed on intraoral periapical radiographs, and a guidance system in the form of a flow chart was made. Based on the flow chart, 15 randomized assessor-blinded radiographs were tested for the accuracy of the guidance system that was developed. The Chi-square test was used at a 95% confidence interval to determine the accuracy of the guidance system used for the identification of assessor-blinded radiographs.

Results:

The newly designed dental implant identification guidance system effectively identified 14 out of 15 unknown implant radiographs among implant systems and subtypes used in this study. Nonparametric Chi-square test was applied and the results were highly significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The guidance system developed has the potential to identify the implant system mentioned in this study based on its radiographic appearance.
Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in Children on Active Therapy for Cancer and Posthematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Kamal Mohammed , Jastaniah Wasil , Abosoudah Ibraheem , Bayoumy Mohammed , Aldajani M. Nawaf , Bahasan Mona , Alseraihy Amal , Elfadul Tahani , Al-Trabolsi Hassan
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2). Limited data on presentation, management and outcomes of COVID-19 in children with cancer and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from Saudi Arabia is available.

AIM:

The primary aim of the study is to evaluate and describe presenting signs, symptoms, and severity of COVID 19 infection in pediatric patients with cancer and post HSCT, whereas the secondary aims are to assess COVID-19 management strategies and to assess outcomes in terms of treatment delays and mortality.

METHOD:

Retrospective study in children ≤ 14 years of age, who are on-active therapy for cancer or post-HSCT during the period March 2020 to July 2022.

RESULTS:

A total 45 cases with confirmed COVID-19 infection reported in children with cancer and post-HSCT. There were 29 male (64%) and 16 female (36%) cases, and median age of 7 years (1–14 yrs.) at the time of COVID-19 confirmed diagnosis was observed. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, is the major diagnosis in 18 cases (40%) and all patients on active treatment course with majority of the cases being symptomatic, 78% (n = 35), with fever being the most common reason in 28 cases (80%). Main management was through home isolation in 78%, while hospitalization required in 12 % (10). Primary disease treatment remained uninterrupted in 56% (26), while treatment delays observed in 19 patients (42%). All patients in our study had smooth and complete recovery form COVID-19 infection. At a mean follow-up of 12.0 months (2.0–25.7 months), no morbidities or mortality to report.

CONCLUSION:

Our experience shows mild clinical symptoms and less severe disease course, which is comparable to international experience. Cancer treatment delays emerged as the only major impact, with no impact on the primary cancer progression or relapse at a two-year follow-up seen. Multi-institutional observational studies may enable evaluation of disease-free survival in larger cohort and could address long COVID symptoms in children.