bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Right lobo-isthmic agenesis of the thyroid: A case report
Authors: Sylvain Diembi  , F Itere-Odzili  , Boris Otouana  , GC Gouoni  , Donatien Moukassa  , Gontran Ondzotto
Published: September 2021

The authors report the observation of a 36-year-old woman with right lobo-isthmic agenesis complicated by an adenoma developed at the expense of the left lobe. The patient presented for many years a presumed cystic nodule developed at the expense of the left lobe, having recently increased in volume. Ultrasound and scannographic studies suggested that the right lobe and isthmus were absent. At cervicotomy, it was a hypoplasia of the right lobe and isthmus.

Keywords: Congenital Anomaly; Thyroid; Lobar Agenesis; Clinical Case
Life Cycle Analysis of different alternatives for the treatment and disposal of ethanol vinasse
Authors: Rocha Mateus Henrique , Silva Lora Electo Eduardo , Venturini Osvaldo José
Published: September 2021

Ethanol production via sugar juice fermentation has a serious problem related to the quantities and high organic content of its main residue i.e. vinasse or stillage. Awareness of the impact of vinasse disposal by fertirrigation caused the environmental agencies in Brazil to implement more rigorous conditions regarding this practice. In this paper, as possible disposal alternatives, the following were defined: conventional fertirrigation (base reference case); vinasse biodigestion and biogas use as fuel in factory boilers, vinasse dewatering up to 40–50% and its direct combustion in boilers; vinasse dewatering up-to 60% before fertirrigation in order to reduce transport costs. At the same time, environmental impacts characterization and weighting of the vinasse fertirrigation life cycle and the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative are presented. Graphs of normalized environmental effects for the evaluated alternatives are also presented.
BAKTERI BACILLUS SUBTILLS SEBAGAI AGEN SELF HEALING CONCRETE DENGAN VARIASI PERSENTASE DAN NILAI PH
Authors: Gumelar Fauzan , Rika Nuraini
Published: September 2021

Material yang selalu digunakan sebagai pengisi dari struktur adalah beton, dikarenakan memiliki kuat tekan yang kuat dan pembuatannya mudah. Sampai saat ini, telah banyak dilakukan berbagai inovasi terhadap beton dan salah satunya adalah dengan memanfaatkan bakteri agar beton dapat memiliki kemampuan untuk menutup kerusakan berupa retakan secara mandiri atau biasa disebut dengan self healing concrete. Tujuan pada penelitian kali ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari beton dengan bahan tambah bakteri bacillus subtilis yang dienkapsulasi dengan persentase sebesar 0,5% dan 1%. Beton tersebut akan diuji kuat tekan dan dibandingkan dengan beton normal. Setelah itu, beton dengan bahan tambah kapsul bakteri akan direndam dalam air selama 14 hari dengan nilai pH yang berbeda- beda sebagai pengujian self healing concrete. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kuat tekan beton normal 25,18 Mpa, beton dengan bahan tambah enkapsulasi bakteri sebesar 0,5% memiliki nilai kuat tekan 24,51 Mpa, dan beton dengan bahan tambah enkapsulasi bakteri sebesar 1% memiliki nilai kuat  tekan 26,20 Mpa. Pengujian self  healing concrete menunjukkan bahwa beton dengan bahan tambah enkapsulasi bakteri sebesar 0,5% pada perendaman air dengan nilai pH 7 selama 14 hari, dinilai yang paling baik dalam menutupi retak pada beton.
Reliable time forecasting of structural and technological, operational and technical and economic indicators of marine equipment products
Authors: Ляховский Е.Е. , Герман Г.В.
Published: September 2021

Увеличение объёмов баз данных при создании и использовании изделий морской техники (МТ) диктует необходимость снижения размерности этих баз с одновременным повышением достоверности и точности получаемых оценок. Многомерные свойства вновь создаваемых наукоёмких изделий МТ проявляются в сферах, отстоящих от момента принятия решений по их созданию, на значительный временной период (до года и более). Указанное обстоятельство диктует необходимость прогноза всех видов затрат, начиная с ранних этапов разработки технического задания, составления предконтрактного проекта, технической подготовки производства, в условиях неполной известности информации. Вот почему для получения оценок предлагается использовать только известные определяющие параметры. Математические модели оценки абсолютных удельных показателей, отнесённых к значению определяющих параметров (во времени) наиболее полно отвечают решению указанных проблем и доказали свою состоятельность. Научно-методические подходы, изложенные в статье, предлагаются к использованию в отечественном судостроении, замыкая «обратную связь» учёта требований системы производства и использования изделий МТ при принятии решений по их созданию.

The increase in the volume of databases for the creation and use of marine equipment products (MT) dictates the need to reduce the dimension of these databases while increasing the reliability and accuracy of the estimates obtained. The multidimensional properties of newly created high-tech MT products are manifested in areas that are separated from the moment of making decisions on their creation for a significant time period (up to a year or more). This circumstance dictates the need to forecast all types of costs, starting from the early stages of the development of the terms of reference, drawing up a pre-contract project, technical preparation of production, in conditions of incomplete information. That is why it is proposed to use only known defining parameters to obtain estimates. Mathematical models for estimating absolute specific indicators related to the value of determining parameters (in time) most fully meet the solution of these problems and have proved their viability. The scientific and methodological approaches outlined in the article are proposed for use in domestic shipbuilding, closing the "feedback" of taking into account the requirements of the production system and the use of MT products when making decisions on their creation.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a shipping company environmental protection
Authors: Каминский В.Ю. , Скороходов Д.А. , Турусов С.Н.
Published: September 2021

В статье сформирована структура показателей оценки безопасности для транспортных средств морского и внутреннего водного транспорта. Каждый компонент структуры включает от двух до пяти составляющих. Обоснованы группы оценочных критериев: функциональные, экономические, социальные, экологические и информационные. Установлено, что в качестве основных критериев безопасности водных транспортных средств целесообразно рассматривать значения концентраций опасных веществ (экологическая безопасность), уровень шума на судах (экологическая безопасность), уровень аварийности и травматизма на судне (функциональная безопасность), уровень ущерба от аварий и инцидентов на судне (функциональная безопасность) и уровень риска, как интегральный критерий безопасности. Показаны причины возникновения технических аварийных ситуаций, которые связаны с недостатками в организации работы судовых экипажей, с низкой квалификацией личного состава, с ошибочными действиями береговых служб управления, технического обслуживания и судоремонта. Утверждается, что для получения количественных показателей безопасности водной транспортной системы необходимо разработать модели безопасности для её элементов с учетом разнообразных ситуаций и определить вероятностные характеристики частных событий (аварий и инцидентов), входящих в модели безопасности.

The structure of safety assessment indicators for sea and inland water transport vehicles is formed in the article. Each component of the structure includes from two to five components. The groups of evaluation criteria are justified: functional, economic, social, environmental and informational. It is established that as the main criteria for the safety of water vehicles, it is advisable to consider the values of concentrations of hazardous substances (environmental safety), the noise level on ships (environmental safety), the level of accidents and injuries on the ship (functional safety), the level of damage from accidents and incidents on the ship (functional safety) and the level of risk as an integral safety criterion. The reasons for the occurrence of technical emergencies are shown, which are associated with shortcomings in the organization of the work of ship crews, low qualification of personnel, with erroneous actions of the coastal management services, maintenance and ship repair. It is argued that in order to obtain quantitative indicators of the safety of a water transport system, it is necessary to develop safety models for its elements taking into account various situations and to determine the probabilistic characteristics of particular events (accidents and incidents) included in the safety models.
Intellectualization of the transport system of the Northern sea route
Authors: Гурлев И.В. , Макоско А.А. , Малыгин И.Г. , Каминский В.Ю.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассмотрены некоторые направления создания и развития интеллектуальной транспортной системы Северного морского пути (СМП). Показано значение СМП в рамках комплексного освоения территории Российской Федерации, приведена его структура. В настоящее время СМП функционирует как внутренний транспортный коридор. Одним из недостатков СМП является небольшая глубина морского канала, что требует проведения соответствующих работ или изменения маршрута. Отмечается влияние изменения погодно-климатических условий в Арктике на транспортную систему СМП. Показаны преимущества использования СМП в качестве международного транзитного транспортного коридора по сравнению с южным маршрутом через Суэцкий канал. Перечислены направления развития Северного морского пути как транспортной системы на основе цифрового усовершенствования инфраструктуры, навигационного, энергетического и информационно-телекоммуникационного обеспечения, а также интеллектуализации производственных процессов на базе беспилотного мультимодального транспорта. Утверждается, что внедрение цифровых технологий на СМП превратит его в один самых высокотехнологичных и эффективных транспортных коридоров в мире.

The article considers some directions of creation and development of the intelligent transport system of the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The significance of the NSR in the framework of the integrated development of the territory of the Russian Federation is shown, its structure is given. Currently, the NSR functions as an internal transport corridor. One of the disadvantages of the NSR is the small depth of the sea channel, which will require appropriate work or route changes. The influence of changes in weather and climatic conditions in the Arctic on the transport system of the NSR is noted. The advantages of using the NSR as an international transit transport corridor in comparison with the southern route through the Suez Canal are shown. The directions of the development of the Northern Sea Route as a transport system based on the digital improvement of infrastructure, navigation, energy, information and telecommunications support, as well as the intellectualization of production processes based on unmanned multimodal transport are listed. It is argued that the introduction of digital technologies on the NSR will turn it into one of the most high-tech and efficient transport corridors in the world.
About the fire hazard of transport hydrotunnels
Authors: Таранцев А.А. , Борисов А.H. , Галиев М.С.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассмотрена достаточно новая проблема, связанная с появлением и развитием перспективной транспортной инфраструктуры – гидротоннелей. Показано, что ввиду большой пожарной нагрузки, которую представляют собой проходящие по гидротоннелю суда (пассажирские, сухогрузы, контейнеровозы. танкеры) возможно возникновение пожаров, угрожающих как самим судам и их экипажам, так и конструкции гидротоннеля – обрушение его свода из-за экстремальных тепловых нагрузок. Проведено компьютерное моделирование с использованием полевой модели пожара, подтвердившее факт быстрого роста температуры и концентрации токсичных продуктов горения, а также «тоннельный эффект» - прохождение высокотемпературного потока газов к одному из торцов тоннеля. Даны предложения по действиям персонала судов в гидротоннеле и пожарных кораблей по тушению пожара и спасению людей. Показана необходимость оборудования некоторых гидротоннелей дренчерными системами пожаротушения. Сделан вывод о необходимости дальнейших исследований в части пожарной безопасности транспортных гидротоннелей и разработке соответствующего нормативного документа.

The article considers a fairly new problem associated with the emergence and development of a promising transport infrastructure – hydrotunnels. It is shown that due to the large fire load, which is represented by vessels passing through the hydrotunnel (passenger, dry cargo, container ships. tankers) there may be fires that threaten both the ships themselves and their crews, and the structure of the hydrotunnel – the collapse of its arch due to extreme thermal loads. A computer simulation was carried out using a field model of a fire, which confirmed the fact of a rapid increase in temperature and concentration of toxic combustion products, as well as the "tunnel effect" - the passage of a high-temperature gas flow to one of the ends of the tunnel. Suggestions are given on the actions of the personnel of vessels in the hydrotunnel and fire ships to extinguish the fire and rescue people. The necessity of equipping some hydrotunnels with drencher fire extinguishing systems is shown. The conclusion is made about the need for further research in terms of fire safety of transport hydraulic tunnels and the development of an appropriate regulatory document.
The formation of a new ecosystem of the fishery industry of Russia in modern conditions
Authors: Кострикова Н.А. , Яфасов А.Я.
Published: September 2021

В последние годы в России перестал расти объем добычи водных биоресурсов, слабо развиваются частное предпринимательство и процессы цифровой трансформации в РХК. Пандемия COVID-19 ускорила необходимость использования цифрового экосистемного подхода в организации деятельности РХК. Предлагается проводить цифровую трансформацию РХК конгруэнтно с созданием новых технологий глубокой переработки водных биоресурсов и развитием рециклинга. Процесс технологической модернизации РХК необходимо выстраивать с учетом ранжированной системы ценностей: Человек – Общество – Природа – Технологии – Экономика. Он отличается человекоцентричностью создаваемой цифровой экосистемы РХК и способен дать синергетический эффект. Представлен алгоритм жизненного цикла новой продукции в контексте государственно-частного партнерства. Предлагаемый подход позволит повысить производство Hi – Tech продукции с обеспечением устойчивого развития РХК и экономики приморских регионов России.

In recent years, the volume of the extraction of aquatic biological resources in Russia has ceased to grow, private entrepreneurship and digital transformation processes in the fishery industry are underdeveloped. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need to use a digital ecosystem approach in organizing the activities of the fishery industry. It is proposed to carry out the digital transformation of the fishery industry congruently with the creation of the new technologies for deep processing of aquatic biological resources and the development of recycling. The process of technological modernization of the fishery industry should be built taking into account the ranked system of values: Man - Society - Nature - Technology - Economy. It is distinguished by the human-centricity of the created digital ecosystem of the fishery industry and is able to give a synergistic effect. The algorithm of the lifecycle of new products in the context of public-private partnership is presented. The proposed approach will increase the production of Hi-Tech products with ensuring the sustainable development of the fishery industry and the economy of the coastal regions of Russia.
Study of the relationship between dispersion distortions of impulsive signals and acoustic properties of the shallow sea bottom
Authors: Боран-Кешишьян А.Л. , Лисютин В.А. , Маленко Ж.В. , Ярошенко А.А.
Published: September 2021

Для установления связи между дисперсионными искажениями сигналов и акустическими характеристиками дна мелкого моря применяется метод свертки сигнала с импульсной характеристикой волновода. Методом нормальных волн вычисляется акустическое поле в широкой полосе частот. Затем осуществляется обратное преобразование Фурье акустического поля и восстанавливается импульсная характеристика волновода. Реплика сигнала далее вычисляется как свертка импульсной характеристики и сигнала. Преимущества такого подхода следующие. Свертка циклична – нет ограничений на длительность сигнала. Может быть использована не только вычисленная, но и экспериментально определенная импульсная характеристика. По усмотрению исследователя поля отдельных мод можно исключать, добавлять шум в частотной либо временной области, имитировать движение источника, воздействие ветрового волнения. Ограничение – условия однородности волновода вдоль трассы. Рассматривается ряд примеров, в которых изучается возможность определения акустических свойств дна, изучаются дисперсионные искажения сигналов, возникающие в волноводе со слоем скачка скорости звука на профиле скорости звука. Изучается изменение дисперсионных искажений в зависимости от частоты сигнала, глубины приемника, расстояния между излучателем и приемником.

To establish a connection between the dispersion distortions of signals and the acoustic properties of the shallow sea bottom, the method of convolution of the signal with the impulse response of the waveguide is used. The method of normal modes calculates the acoustic field in a wide frequency band. Then the inverse Fourier transform of the acoustic field is performed and the impulse response of the waveguide is restored. The signal replica is then calculated as a convolution of the impulse response and the signal. The advantages of this approach are as follows. Convolution is cyclical – there are no restrictions on the duration of the signal. Not only calculated, but also experimentally determined impulse response can be used. At the discretion of the researcher, the fields of individual modes can be excluded, add noise in the frequency or time domain, simulate the movement of the source, the impact of wind waves. Restriction - conditions for uniformity of the waveguide along the distance. A number of examples are considered, in which the possibility of determining the acoustic properties of the bottom is studied, as well as dispersion distortions of signals that occur in a waveguide with a sound velocity jump layer on the sound velocity profile. The variation of dispersion distortions is studied depending on the signal frequency, receiver depth, and distance between the emitter and receiver.
Results of modeling the dependence of the height of flexural-gravity waves in a floating plate with a sealed edge on the inclination of the bottom of the reservoir
Authors: Козин В.М.
Published: September 2021

На основании проведенных автором экспериментов по разрушению льда амфибийными судами на воздушной подушке (СВП) резонансным методом при их движении в сторону берега, их крупномасштабных моделей в полевых условиях, а также известных случаев разрушения ледяного покрова движущимися в сторону берега транспортными средствами показана возможность существенного увеличения толщины льда, разрушаемого у его береговой кромки. Приведены данные экспериментов, выполненных в опытовом бассейне на моделирующих ледяной покров упругих пленках, подтверждающие эти возможности. В работе представлены результаты моделирования зависимости высоты изгибно-гравитационных волн (ИГВ), возбуждаемых в плавающей пластине движущейся в направлении ее заделанной кромки нагрузкой, от угла наклона дна бассейна. Также приведены рекомендации по использованию наклонности дна для повышения эффективности разрушения ледяного покрова (увеличения толщины разрушаемого льда) путем возбуждения резонансных ИГВ. На основании выполненных экспериментов показано, что приближение к берегу ИГВ, возбуждаемых СВП с последующим их выходом на него, может значительно увеличить толщину разрушаемого льда за счет отрыва от берега его кромки. Отмечена возможность увеличения ледоразрушающей способности ИГВ благодаря последующим проходам судна вдоль нее из-за роста деформаций ослабленного таким образом льда, т.е повышения ледоразрушающей способности СВП.

Based on the experiments conducted by the author on ice destruction by amphibious hovercraft using the resonant method when they move towards the shore, their large-scale models in the field, as well as known cases of ice cover destruction by vehicles moving towards the shore, the possibility of a significant increase in the thickness of ice destroyed at its coastal edge is shown. The data of experiments performed in the experimental pool on elastic films modeling the ice cover are presented, confirming these possibilities. The paper presents the results of modeling the dependence of the height of Flexural-gravitational waves excited in a floating plate by a load moving in the direction of its embedded edge on the angle of inclination of the pool bottom. Recommendations are also given for using the bottom slope to increase the efficiency of ice cover destruction (increasing the thickness of the destroyed ice) by exciting resonant Flexural-gravitational waves. Based on the performed experiments, it is shown that the approach to the shore of Flexural-gravitational waves excited by hovercraft with their subsequent exit to it can significantly increase the thickness of the destroyed ice due to the separation of its edge from the shore. The possibility of increasing laboratree the ability of the Flexural-gravitational waves during the next passages of the ship along it due to the growth of deformations weakened the ice.
POISONING CASES OF NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES EATEN AS FOOD: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Fong Xi Kei , Phan Chia Wei , Noorasyikin Shamsuddin  , Liyana Mazni Zulkifli  , Tan Yee Shin , Sabaratnam Vikineswary
Published: September 2021

There is limited information regarding the epidemiology of food poisoning in Malaysia as the issue of food poisoning is often perceived as not as huge as compared to other poisoning cases like intoxication by drugs and chemicals. Patients who experience severe food poisoning require hospitalisation, aggressive hydration, and some even require antibiotic treatment. In this study, we aimed to determine an overview of food poisoning cases reported in UMMC. A 10-year retrospective study on the poisoning of other noxious substances eaten as food (ICD10: T62.0-T62.9) in the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) was performed. A total of 23 medical records of patients, admitted from January 2009 to December 2019 were reviewed. The greatest proportion of food poisoning occurred between the ages of 0 and 9 years, with a predominance of the male gender. Malay patients accounted for most food poisoning cases. All cases of poisoning, including a mushroom poisoning case (T62.0), were accidental. The mushroom poisoning case was then carefully reviewed. To conclude, this study revealed that the most common cause involved in the poisoning was unspecified food poisoning, followed by ingestion of poisonous mushroom. Most patients were given symptomatic and supportive treatments. All patients had favourable outcomes and were discharged with full recovery.
Hydromagnetic Instability of Two Viscoelastic Dusty-Fluids in Porous Medium
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Gupta Sumit
Published: September 2021

An attempt has been made to investigate the instability of the plane interface between two viscoelastic superposed conducting fluids in the presence of suspended particles and variable horizontal magnetic field through porous medium is studied. The cases of two fluids of uniform densities, viscosities, magnetic fields, and suspended particles number densities separated by a horizontal boundary; and of exponentially varying density, viscosity, suspended particles number density, and magnetic field are considered. It is found that the stability criterion is independent of the effects of viscoelasticity, medium porosity, and suspended particles but is dependent on the orientation and magnitude of the magnetic field. The magnetic field succeeds in stabilizing a certain range of wavenumbers which were unstable in the absence of the magnetic field. The system is found to be stable for potentially stable configuration/stratification. The growth rates are found to increase (for certain wavenumbers) and decrease (for other wavenumbers) with the increase in kinematic viscosity, suspended particles number density, magnetic field, medium permeability and stress relaxation time.
Hiperkineziniai sutrikimai šeimos gydytojo praktikoje
Authors: Domskytė Inga , Vėlavičienė Dalia
Published: September 2021

Aktyvumo ir dėmesio sutrikimas (ADS) yra vienas dažniausių elgesio sutrikimų vaikystėje, turintis įtakos daugeliui vaiko funkcionavimo sferų. Nors įrodymais pagrįstas gydymas gali padėti valdyti ADS simptomus, tačiau, remiantis tyrimais, šis sutrikimas nepakankamai diagnozuojamas daugelyje Europos šalių ir vaikai negauna specializuotos psichiatrinės pagalbos. Šių sutrikimų diagnozavime svarbią grandį užima šeimos gydytojai, kurie gali siųsti pacientą nuodugniam tyrimui ir psichinei būklei įvertinti.
Sveikatos raštingumas – pagrindinis sveikatos tikslas
Authors: Nomeikaitė Evelina
Published: September 2021

Sveikatos raštingumas yra vienas iš keleto veiksnių, darančių įtaką žmogaus ir visuomenės gerovei. Jis atspindi kognityvinius ir socialinius įgūdžius, kurie kontroliuoja motyvaciją, gebėjimą suprasti informaciją ir panaudoti ją geros sveikatos palaikymui, ligų prevencijai arba kontrolei [1]. Tyrimai rodo, jog geras sveikatos raštingumas ir jo edukacija teigiamai veikia žmogaus požiūrį į sveikatą, o mažas – kelia didžiulę riziką sveikatai ir socialiniam gyvenimui [2, 3].
Besonderheiten der Lärmentstehung an schnell rotierenden Planfräsern im Leerlauf/Noise on fast rotating face milling cutter in tool running idle
Authors: Möhring Hans-Christian , Stehle Thomas , Dobrinski Alexander
Published: September 2021

Die Lärmentstehungsproblematik bei der HSC-Fräsbearbeitung von Leichtbaumaterialien wie Aluminiumlegierungen und Kunststoffen ist aufgrund der hohen auf Maschinenbediener wirkenden Schallexpositionswerten sehr aktuell. Am Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen der Universität Stuttgart wurden Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung der Lärmentstehungsmechanismen im Leerlauf sowie der daraus folgenden Ableitung von Lärmminderungsmaßnahmen an schnell rotierenden Planfräswerkzeugen im Rahmen des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten Forschungsprojektes STE 1563/28-1 durchgeführt.
Symbiose von Raumakustik und Architektur
Authors: Meier Andreas , Wahl Michael
Published: September 2021

Großzügige Gebäude wie Kirchen oder Konzertsäle haben oft mit einer schlechten Raumakustik zu kämpfen. Umso wichtiger ist eine gute Planung bei Neubauten. Daher verlieh die DEGA im August auf der DAGA in Wien erstmalig im Rahmen des International Year of Sound den DEGA-Preis für Kommunikationsräume. Nachfolgend wird das preisgekrönte Projekt des Planungsbüros Müller-BBM im Detail vorgestellt.
Anwendung der RLS-19
Authors: Brüning Stefanie
Published: September 2021

Die 16. Bundesimmissionsschutzverordnung/Verkehrslärmschutzverordnung des Bundes wurde Anfang des Jahres reformiert. Der folgende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der interessanten Frage, die sich aufgrund der Übergangsregelung in § 6 der 16. Bundesimmissionsschutzverordnung stellt, ob der Vorhabenträger/Straßenbaulastträger die Wahlmöglichkeit zwischen der Anwendung der RLS-90 und der RLS-19 bei der Realisierung neuer Straßenbauprojekte hat. Es werden zwei Fragestellungen behandelt: 1. Darf der Straßenbaulastträger freiwillig „ein Mehr“ leisten, als der Wortlaut der Übergangsformel aus § 6 der 16. Bundesimmissionsschutzverordnung verlangt? 2. Was darf die Planfeststellungsbehörde aufgrund der neu geschaffenen Übergangsregeln von dem Straßenbaulastträger fordern als Mindestanforderung, was als Höchstförderung bei der Planung der Straßenbauabschnitte? Darf die Planfeststellungsbehörde vom Vorhabenträger die Anwendung der RLS–19 fordern?
Prior episodic learning and the efficacy of retrieval practice
Authors: Gupta Mohan W. , Pan Steven C. , Rickard Timothy C.
Published: September 2021

In three experiments we investigated how the level of study-based, episodic knowledge influences the efficacy of subsequent retrieval practice (testing) as a learning event. Possibilities are that the efficacy of a test, relative to a restudy control, decreases, increases, or is independent of the degree of prior study-based learning. The degree of study-based learning was manipulated by varying the number of item repetitions in the initial study phase between one and eight. Predictions of the dual-memory model of test-enhanced learning for the case of one study-phase repetition were used as a reference. Results support the hypothesis that the advantage of testing over restudy is independent of the degree of prior episodic learning, and they suggest that educators can apply cued-recall testing with the expectation that its efficacy is similar across varying levels of prior content learning. Implications for testing effect theory are discussed.
Evolutionary Secularisation of the Ottoman Law in the Nineteenth Century: Roots and Implications
Authors: YAVUZ ALTINTAŞ Miyase
Published: September 2021

In the world history, the nineteenth century witnessed globally major economic, politic, and social changes. More importantly, their implications constitute today’s challenges particularly for modern Muslim-majority states where the tension between state, religion and society has not been settled. There is no doubt that looking at the past where the separation between sharī‘a and state started clearly to appear serves for a better understanding of today’s struggle in locating the role of sharī‘a in legal systems of modern Muslim-majority states. Many of them, i.e. the Middle Eastern and some North African states are the successors of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans ruled over continents for centuries thanks to their well-established governmental policy and legal system. However, they were also obliged to introduce some remarkable changes in social, political and legal spheres in the nineteenth century. The era is generally called as the process of Ottoman modernization and secularisation referring to Tanzimat Edict and following legal reforms. This study seeks to analyse the way Ottoman law has been transformed in the nineteenth century, as well as its roots, challenges and implications. To this end, the paper offers an answer to the questions as to whether secularisation of Ottoman law was evolutionary or revolutionary, why it had to go through a process of secularisation, and to what extent classical Ottoman system could serve this secularisation process. To address these inquiries, the study is divided into two principle sections: the first part evaluates the classical Ottoman legal system and its religious and non-religious characters, arguing that the Turkish state tradition with its influence on government and law making were in fact the changeable features of the Ottoman law. The second part examines the process of secularisation of law from the pre-Tanzimat period to the end of the Ottoman Empire. This part reveals that secularisation of the Ottoman law was of evolutionary character, and that reforms were introduced thereafter for practical purposes, i.e. meeting contemporary needs and necessities, and not for the sake of philosophical and political considerations. However, these attempts led to a gradual secularisation of the Ottoman law, and further culminated in a revolutionary approach in the republican era.
Presentación
Authors: Ortiz Sotelo Jorge
Published: September 2021

Resulta auténticamente placentero presentar esta nueva entrega de la revista institucional del Archivo General de la Nación, en la especial coyuntura del Bicentenario de la República, fecha significativa a la que nos hemos querido sumar con un sólido número que honre la efeméride.
Entre el honor y la injuria: la mujer en Lima, 1750-1800
Authors: Tantaleán Valiente Adolfo
Published: September 2021

En el siglo XVIII, el honor tenía más de una connotación dependiendo de quien consideraba poseerlo, o del grupo étnico e interétnico que lo reclamaba, siendo en sí un factor de movilidad étnica ascendente. Lo último es consecuencia de la aparición y/o presencia de personajes “de mérito”, “de calidad”, “de lustre” o “de respeto”, entre otros muchos denominativos que señalaban preeminencia y jerarquía de tales hombres en cada una de las micro sociedades de la Lima dieciochesca. En la movilidad étnica ascendente, encontramos que la defensa del honor femenino es de suma trascendencia para afirmar, reafirmar o aumentar el honor masculino. En los juicios por injurias cursados ante la Real Audiencia de Lima, o en los juicios de nulidad matrimonial, divorcio o litigios matrimoniales del Archivo Arzobispal de Lima, se encuentra -entre líneas— información que deja entrever cierta autonomía de la mujer, “autonomía” que le permite ser considerada “recatada”, “virtuosa” u “honrada”, en resumida cuenta, vivir y desenvolverse bajo los cánones sociales y los de la Iglesia.
Chinos y escribanos: las escrituras públicas como fuente para el estudio de la inserción y el ascenso social de los inmigrantes chinos (Lima, siglo XIX)
Authors: Paroy Villafuerte Gonzalo Alonso
Published: September 2021

Los migrantes chinos que arribaron a Lima a mediados del siglo XIX participaron en todas las actividades económicas y sociales de la ciudad; sin embargo, la producción de fuentes históricas sobre estas actividades es escasa. En este artículo se presentan algunas escrituras públicas del fondo Protocolos Notariales del Archivo General de la Nación para describir la participación de los chinos en la dinámica de la ciudad y reflexionar acerca del potencial de esta fuente, así como de sus limitaciones.
Francisco San Martín Baldwin y Victoria Diéguez Deza (Eds.), Trujillo: capital de la independencia del Perú. Trujillo: Comisión Regional para la Conmemoración de la Independencia del Perú, La Libertad, 2020; 418 p.
Authors: Paliza Sánchez Luis Ernesto
Published: September 2021

Hace algunos años, el tema del Bicentenario del Perú ha empezado a ganar protagonismo en diversos espacios académicos; en consecuencia, algunas instituciones y universidades han impulsado la edición de libros vinculados al tema, no únicamente en el campo historiográfico, también desde otras aristas y perspectivas. Aunque, valga decir, casi todos producidos en Lima, son pocas las publicaciones hechas en otras regiones que logran notoriedad. En el campo que nos incumbe, podemos destacar la labor realizada por la Comisión Regional del Bicentenario de La Libertad (CRBLL) que, en su empeño de impulsar y promocionar la historia, ha publicado tres libros referidos a la conmemoración de su independencia.
Fen Lisesi Kimya Ders Kitaplarındaki Deneylerin 2018 Yılı Fen Lisesi Kimya Dersi Öğretim Programı'nın Deneysel Çalışmaya Yönelik Amacı Açısından Analizi
Authors: NAKİBOĞLU Canan
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada Fen Lisesi Kimya Ders Kitaplarında yer alan etkinliklerin 2018 Fen Lisesi Kimya Dersi Öğretim Programının dört boyutunu (deneyerek veri elde etme, verileri kullanarak çıkarım yapma, yorumlama ve genelleme) dört boyutu ne derece karşılayacak şekilde yazıldığının ve programın bu amacına ulaştırma durumunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, doküman inceleme yöntemine göre tasarlanmıştır. İlk olarak 2018 Fen Lisesi Kimya Dersi Öğretim Programında deneysel çalışmaları içeren kazanımları belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında okutulan 9, 10, 11 ve 12. sınıf Fen Lisesi Kimya Ders Kitaplarında yer alan deneyler analiz edilmiştir. Kitap analizi iki aşamalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk olarak Programda yer alan kazanımlarla ders kitaplarında yer alan deney/etkinliklerin ne derece örtüştüğü ve deneylerin ünitelere göre nasıl dağıldığı belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra belirlenen deneylerin programının dört boyutuna göre analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda 2018 Fen Lisesi Kimya Dersi Öğretim Programının 42 kazanımının deneysel çalışma içerdiği ve ders kitaplarında bu kazanımların tamamına karşılayan deneylere yer verildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Diğer taraftan deneylerin boyut analizi sonucu, deneylerin niteliksel olarak bu amacı tam karşılayamaya yol gösterecek şekilde hazırlanmadığını göstermiştir.
Masa Depan Penyelesaian Penguasaan Tanah di dalam Kawasan Hutan Pasca-Pengaturan Kembali Luas Kawasan Hutan yang Harus Dipertahankan dalam UU Cipta Kerja
Authors: Chamdani Muchammad Chanif
Published: September 2021

Konflik tenurial di kawasan hutan terjadi karena persaingan klaim penguasaan, penggunaan, maupun pemanfaatan tanah dan sumber daya lainnya di kawasan hutan antara masyarakat dengan otoritas atau entitas yang mendapat legitimasi untuk mengelola kawasan hutan. Akses dan kepastian tenurial masyarakat seringkali terhambat karena status wilayah yang didiaminya merupakan kawasan hutan. Upaya penyelesaian penguasaan tanah di kawasan hutan menjadi tidak mudah dilakukan karena terbentur oleh regulasi dan kebijakan untuk mempertahankan 30% luas kawasan hutan dari luas wilayah, pulau, atau daerah aliran sungai. Pada sisi lain, kehadiran UU Cipta Kerja secara jelas menyebut akan mengatur ulang ketentuan untuk mempertahankan 30% luas kawasan hutan tersebut. Tulisan ini hendak menyelidiki akankah pengaturan ulang batas minimum luas kawasan hutan tersebut menjadi pemecahan dari hambatan penyelesaian penguasaan tanah dan konflik tenurial di kawasan hutan atau sebaliknya justru memperparah konflik yang terjadi? Dan jika memang bisa menjadi solusi, bagaimana pengaturan ideal supaya selaras dengan prinsip-prinsip keberlanjutan lingkungan hidup?
The Rhetoric of “Bragoro”: The Philosophy Behind Akan Traditional Concept of Marriage
Authors: Arthur Peter , Mensah Angelina
Published: September 2021

This paper discusses the intertextual relationship between the world of Akan Bragoro (puberty rites) song texts and the real world of Akans. The Akan Bragoro song texts are performed during Bragoro celebrations and the song texts define the Akan concept of sex and marriage within the parameters of traditional Akan philosophy. The paper uses qualitative research methods that are irrigated by ethnographic and stylistics approaches to text interpretation. The findings of the research indicate that texts of Akan Bragoro songs key all the meanings this traditional philosophy has to offer: sex is strictly a marital affair and marriage is for those who are prepared for it. The stylistics of the song texts also frame the epistemic of Akan love and that the basic condition of Akan conjugal love is a good character on the side of both the man and the woman. The paper further reveals that the Akan Bragoro song texts constitute the site where the precipitates of Akan marriage are provided and Bragoro initiates are introduced to the Akan way of life. These precipitates are rehearsed in performance year after year, making the Akan Bragoro an enduring cultural practice that guides the life of the Akans throughout all ages.

Keywords: Performance, Bragoro song texts, Verbal art, Cognitive poetics, Tradition
INFORMATION OPENNESS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CRISIS STATE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY
Authors:   Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea, KOLODYAZHNAYA-SHEREMETYEVA SVETLANA V.
Published: September 2021

The article examines, using the example of the Republic of Crimea, the features of the creation and functioning of a system to ensure information transparency in the context of a crisis in the world economy. Analyzed media technologies and tools for interaction with Russian-­speaking and English-­speaking investors. The role of information technologies in attracting investments into the Crimean economy is determined. Recommendations for achieving information openness in the Republic of Crimea as an effective technology for the destruction of economic sanctions are proposed.
ADEQUACY OF THE LEVEL OF PENSION PROVISION AS A DETERRENT TO ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, KALABIN VADIM. A.
Published: September 2021

The article defines the main approaches of international organizations to assessing the adequacy of pension provision. The author identified the key problems of assessing the domestic pension system, on the basis of which a set of proposals was formed to create a system of indicators for assessing the adequacy of the level of pension provision. They will allow monitoring the implementation of pension policy goals, assessing the impact of accompanying measures on the achievement of target indicators in the field of pension provision. Also, the author assessed the degree of influence of these indicators on the rate of economic growth.
ECOLOGIZATION OF FOOD RETAIL AS A DRIVER OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, YAKOVLEVA REGINA R.
Published: September 2021

This paper focuses on solving environmental problems of retailing in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. The task is to consider the greening of retail in terms of the interests of retailers and customers, to find points of maximum interaction and a way to promote responsible consumption among the population. The model of consumer analysis is considered, the advantages of its use are noted. Proposed a digital solution in the form of creating a bot, described the principle of operation.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF MAXIMIZATION IN SPACE ROCKETS PRODUCTION IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, ZHUKOV YAKOV V.
Published: September 2021

The possibility of applying of economic-mathematical methods to industrial process simulation in rocket and space sector is investigated in this work. The classical Cobb-Douglas function, whose parameters are calculated econometrically on the basis of the annual accounting data, is used as a production function. The emerging task of non-linear programming allows to find the optimum values of productive resources. The comparison of the received results with actual data allows to offer ways to enhance the effectiveness of financial resources management in space industry.
ESG AND RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, CHERNYSHOVA MARINA V.
Published: September 2021

The growing interest in the sustainability of companies has led to green investment gaining popularity among investors as it aims to combat climate change and its impact on the planet, and therefore on human life and the environment. These changes also directly affect companies, in connection with which they are reconsidering their behavior in order to meet the new requirements of the financial market. Investors are changing their asset allocation given that more resilient issuing companies are better equipped to cope with tough times and therefore offer stable returns. In line with this emerging trend, global investment banks and asset managers have increased the supply of green funds in recent years, providing investors with many options to validate environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) aspects when making portfolio asset allocation decisions.
Resolving the Circumstellar Environment of the Galactic B[e] Supergiant Star MWC 137.II. Nebular Kinematics and Stellar Variability*
Authors: Kraus Michaela , Liimets Tiina , Moiseev Alexei , Sánchez Arias Julieta P. , Nickeler Dieter H. , Cidale Lydia S. , Jones David
Published: September 2021

The Galactic B[e] supergiant MWC 137 is surrounded by a large-scale optical nebula. To shed light on the physical conditions and kinematics of the nebula, we analyze the optical forbidden emission lines [N ii] λ
λ 6548,6583 and [S ii] λ
λ 6716,6731 in long-slit spectra taken with ALFOSC at the Nordic Optical Telescope. The radial velocities display a complex behavior but, in general, the northern nebular features are predominantly approaching while the southern ones are mostly receding. The electron density shows strong variations across the nebula with values spreading from about zero to ∼800 cm−3. Higher densities are found closer to MWC 137 and in regions of intense emission, whereas in regions with high radial velocities the density decreases significantly. We also observe the entire nebula in the two [S ii] lines with the scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer attached to the 6 m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory. These data reveal a new bow-shaped feature at P.A. = 225°–245° and a distance 80″ from MWC 137. A new Hα image has been taken with the Danish 1.54 m telescope on La Silla. No expansion or changes in the nebular morphology appear within 18.1 yr. We derive a mass of

37

−
5

+
9

M

☉

and an age of 4.7 ± 0.8 Myr for MWC 137. Furthermore, we detect a period of 1.93 d in the time series photometry collected with the TESS satellite, which could suggest stellar pulsations. Other, low-frequency variability is seen as well. Whether these signals are caused by internal gravity waves in the early-type star or by variability in the wind and circumstellar matter currently cannot be distinguished.
A Near-infrared Survey of UV-excited Molecular Hydrogen in Photodissociation Regions
Authors: Kaplan Kyle F. , Dinerstein Harriet L. , Kim Hwihyun , Jaffe Daniel T.
Published: September 2021

We present a comparative study of the near-infrared (NIR) H2 line emission from five regions near hot young stars: Sharpless 140, NGC 2023, IC 63, the Horsehead Nebula, and the Orion Bar. This emission originates in photodissociation or photon-dominated regions (PDRs), interfaces between photoionized and molecular gas near hot (O) stars or reflection nebulae illuminated by somewhat cooler (B) stars. In these environments, the dominant excitation mechanism for NIR emission lines originating from excited rotational-vibrational (rovibrational) levels of the ground electronic state is radiative or UV excitation (fluorescence), wherein absorption of far-UV photons pumps H2 molecules into excited electronic states from which they decay into the upper levels of the NIR lines. Our sources span a range of UV radiation fields (G
0 = 102−105) and gas densities (n

H
= 104−106 cm−3), enabling examination of how these properties affect the emergent spectrum. We obtained high-resolution (R ≈ 45,000) spectra spanning 1.45–2.45 μm on the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory with the Immersion Grating INfrared Spectrometer (IGRINS), detecting up to over 170 transitions per source from excited vibrational states (v = 1–14). The populations of individual rovibrational levels derived from these data clearly confirm UV excitation. Among the five PDRs in our survey, the Orion Bar shows the greatest deviation of the populations and spectrum from pure UV excitation, while Sharpless 140 shows the least deviation. However, we find that all five PDRs exhibit at least some modification of the level populations relative to their values under pure UV excitation, a result we attribute to collisional effects.