bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fixation of intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck using combined peripheral nerve blocks and transthoracic echocardiography in a patient with severe obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Yamazaki Sho , Omae Takeshi , Koh Keito , Sakuraba Sonoko , Katsuda Yosuke , Kumemura Masateru
Published: October 2019

Background

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with left ventricular outflow tract stenosis. The increased pressure gradients across the left ventricular outflow tract in patients with HOCM could lead to circulatory collapse. We describe our experience with perioperative management under femoral nerve block (FNB), lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block (LFCNB), and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) monitoring during open reduction and internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture in a patient with severe HOCM.

Case presentation

A 72-year-old man, who was indicated to undergo open reduction and internal fixation of an intracapsular femoral neck fracture, had a history of treatment for hypertension and HOCM. He had heart failure for 4 years and was hospitalized several times. He was resuscitated after ventricular fibrillation and received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator at that time. He also had severe physical limitations (New York Heart Association class III). We selected FNB and LFCNB as the methods for anesthesia and injected 0.25% levobupivacaine (20 mL) around the femoral nerve and 0.25% levobupivacaine (10 mL) into the lateral femoral nerve region. He underwent TTE during the perioperative period, which enabled us to perform hemodynamic and morphological evaluations of the heart. The intraoperative TTE findings remained stable from before the induction of anesthesia to the patient’s exit from the operating room. Postoperatively, his hemodynamic parameters continued to remain stable.

Conclusions

In this case, FNB and LFCNB contributed to hemodynamic stability during non-cardiac surgery. Additionally, TTE was useful for the perioperative evaluation of cardiac hemodynamics and morphology in our patient with severe HOCM.
Culinary practices: preparation techniques and consumption of Basotho cereal breads in Lesotho
Authors: Nkhabutlane Pulane , de Kock Henriëtte L. , du Rand Gerrie E.
Published: October 2019

Lesotho is a small country (30,350 sq.km with about 2.233 million population), completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. The people of the Kingdom of Lesotho are referred to as Basotho. This study aimed to investigate the culinary practices with regard to traditional Basotho bread, thus serving as a basis for documenting an aspect of Basotho traditional food knowledge. The study was conducted in five districts of Lesotho using focus groups, each consisting of ten housewives in each district, and face-to-face interviews with 253 women respondents who completed a questionnaire related to their knowledge, preparation and consumption of traditional Basotho bread.

Recipes for ten traditional Basotho breads were obtained during five focus group sessions. The survey revealed that most of the respondents (99%) prepare bread at a household level using wheat flour. A few (15%) use maize flour and sorghum flour is used by only (5%). The main preparation steps were identified as sorting, cleaning of grains, dry milling and/or wet milling, mixing ingredients, fermentation and cooking. Bread is used for household consumption and social functions, such as weddings and funerals. This paper documents the culinary practices for ten Basotho breads from maize, wheat and sorghum. Research geared to the improvement of the quality characteristics of maize and sorghum breads should be given the highest priority to encourage the use of local ingredients.
Time-lapse seismic analysis of overburden water injection at the Ekofisk field, southern North Sea
Authors: Borges Filipe , Landrø Martin , Duffaut Kenneth
Published: October 2019

On 7 May 2001, a seismic event occurred in the southern North Sea in the vicinity of the Ekofisk platform area. Analysis of seismological recordings of this event indicated that the epicenter is likely within the northern part of the field and its hypocenter lies in the shallow sedimentary layer. Further investigation in this same area revealed a small seabed uplift and identified an unintentional water injection in the overburden. The injection presumably caused the seabed uplift in addition to stress changes in the overburden. To better understand the consequences of this water injection, we analyze marine seismic data acquired before and after the seismological event. The 4D analysis reveals a clear traveltime shift close to the injection well, as well as a weak amplitude difference. We find that these measured time shifts correspond reasonably well with modeled time shifts based on a simple geomechanical model. The modeling also correlates well with the observed bathymetry changes at the seabed and with global positioning system measurements at the platforms. Although no explicit amplitude sign of the seismic event could be detected in the seismic data, the modeled stress changes, combined with the effect of decades of production-induced reservoir compaction, suggest a source mechanism for the far-field seismological recordings of the May 7th event.
Phase II Trial of a DNA Vaccine Encoding Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (pTVG-HP [MVI-816]) in Patients With Progressive, Nonmetastatic, Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: McNeel Douglas G. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Johnson Laura E. , Roth Alison R. , Perk Timothy G. , Fong Lawrence , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Wargowski Ellen , Jeraj Robert , Liu Glenn
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE

We previously reported the safety and immunologic effects of a DNA vaccine (pTVG-HP [MVI-816]) encoding prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in patients with recurrent, nonmetastatic prostate cancer. The current trial evaluated the effects of this vaccine on metastatic progression.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Ninety-nine patients with castration-sensitive prostate cancer and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time (DT) of less than 12 months were randomly assigned to treatment with either pTVG-HP co-administered intradermally with 200 μg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) adjuvant or 200 μg GM-CSF alone six times at 14-day intervals and then quarterly for 2 years. The primary end point was 2-year metastasis-free survival (MFS). Secondary and exploratory end points were median MFS, changes in PSA DT, immunologic effects, and changes in quantitative 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging.

RESULTS

Two-year MFS was not different between study arms (41.8% vaccine v 42.3%; P = .97). Changes in PSA DT and median MFS were not different between study arms (18.9 v 18.3 months; hazard ratio [HR], 1.6; P = .13). Preplanned subset analysis identified longer MFS in vaccine-treated patients with rapid (< 3 months) pretreatment PSA DT (12.0 v 6.1 months; n = 21; HR, 4.4; P = .03). PAP-specific T cells were detected in both cohorts, including multifunctional PAP-specific T-helper 1–biased T cells. Changes in total activity (total standardized uptake value) on 18F-NaF PET/CT from months 3 to 6 increased 50% in patients treated with GM-CSF alone and decreased 23% in patients treated with pTVG-HP (n = 31; P = .07).

CONCLUSION

pTVG-HP treatment did not demonstrate an overall increase in 2-year MFS in patients with castration-sensitive prostate cancer, with the possible exception of a subgroup with rapidly progressive disease. Prespecified 18F-NaF PET/CT imaging conducted in a subset of patients suggests that vaccination had detectable effects on micrometastatic bone disease. Additional trials using pTVG-HP in combination with PD-1 blockade are under way.
Altered Expression of Adrenomedullin 2 and its Receptor in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Patients
Authors: Kim Jimin , Lee Seul Ki , Kim Donguk , Choe Han , Jang Yeon Jin , Park Hye Soon , Kim Jong-Hyeok , Hong Joon Pio , Lee Yeon Ji , Heo Yoonseok
Published: October 2019

Context

Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) plays protective roles in the renal and cardiovascular systems. Recent studies in experimental animals demonstrated that AM2 is an adipokine with beneficial effects on energy metabolism. However, there is little information regarding AM2 expression in human adipose tissue.

Objective

To investigate the pattern and regulation of the expression of AM2 and its receptor component in human adipose tissue, in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We measured metabolic parameters, serum AM2, and expression of ADM2 and its receptor component genes in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in obese (with or without type 2 diabetes) and normal-weight women. Serum AM2 was assessed before and 6 to 9 months after bariatric surgery. Expression/secretion of AM2 and its receptor were assessed in human adipocytes.

Results

ADM2 mRNA in both fat depots was higher in obese patients, whether diabetic or not. Although serum AM2 was significantly lower in obese patients, it was not changed after bariatric surgery. AM2 and its receptor complex were predominantly expressed by adipocytes, and the expression of CALCRL, encoding a component of the AM2 receptor complex, was lower in both fat depots of obese patients. Incubating adipocytes with substances mimicking the microenvironment of obese adipose tissue increased ADM2 mRNA but reduced both AM2 secretion into culture media and CALCRL mRNA expression.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that AM2 signaling is suppressed in adipose tissue in obesity, involving lower receptor expression and ligand availability, likely contributing to insulin resistance and other aspects of the pathophysiology associated with obesity.
Modified Peptide YY Molecule Attenuates the Activity of NPY/AgRP Neurons and Reduces Food Intake in Male Mice
Authors: Jones Edward S , Nunn Nicolas , Chambers Adam P , Østergaard Søren , Wulff Birgitte S , Luckman Simon M
Published: October 2019

To study the effects of an analog of the gut-produced hormone peptide YY (PYY3-36), which has increased selectivity for the Y2 receptor; specifically, to record its effects on food intake and on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide (NPY/AgRP) neuron activity. NNC0165-1273, a modified form of the peptide hormone PYY3-36 with potent selectivity at Y2 receptor (>5000-fold over Y1, 1250-fold over Y4, and 650-fold over Y5 receptor), was tested in vivo and in vitro in mouse models. NNC0165-1273 has fivefold lower relative affinity for Y2 compared with PYY3-36, but >250-, 192-, and 400-fold higher selectivity, respectively, for the Y1, Y4, and Y5 receptors. NNC0165-1273 produced a reduction in nighttime feeding at a dose at which PYY3-36 loses efficacy. The normal behavioral satiety sequence observed suggests that NNC0165-1273 is not nauseating and, instead, reduces food intake by producing early satiety. Additionally, NNC0165-1273 blocked ghrelin-induced cFos expression in NPY/AgRP neurons. In vitro electrophysiological recordings showed that, opposite to ghrelin, NNC0165-1273 hyperpolarized NPY/AgRP neurons and reduced action potential frequency. Administration of NNC0165-1273 via subcutaneous osmotic minipump caused a dose-dependent decrease in body weight and fat mass in an obese mouse model. Finally, NNC0165-1273 attenuated the feeding response when NPY/AgRP neurons were activated using ghrelin or more selectively with designer receptors. NNC0165-1273 is nonnauseating and stimulates a satiety response through, at least in part, a direct action on hypothalamic NPY/AgRP neurons. Modification of PYY3-36 to produce compounds with increased affinity to Y2 receptors may be useful as antiobesity therapies in humans.
Transgenic minipig model of Huntington's disease exhibiting gradually progressing neurodegeneration
Authors: Ardan Taras , Baxa Monika , Levinská Božena , Sedláčková Miroslava , Nguyen The Duong , Klíma Jiří , Juhás Štefan , Juhásová Jana , Šmatlíková Petra , Vochozková Petra , Motlík Jan , Ellederová Zdenka
Published: October 2019

Recently developed therapeutic approaches for the treatment of Huntington's disease (HD) require preclinical testing in large animal models. The minipig is a suitable experimental animal because of its large gyrencephalic brain, body weight of 70-100 kg, long lifespan, and anatomical, physiological and metabolic resemblance to humans. The Libechov transgenic minipig model for HD (TgHD) has proven useful for proof of concept of developing new therapies. However, to evaluate the efficacy of different therapies on disease progression, a broader phenotypic characterization of the TgHD minipig is needed. In this study, we analyzed the brain tissues of TgHD minipigs at the age of 48 and 60-70 months, and compared them to wild-type animals. We were able to demonstrate not only an accumulation of different forms of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in TgHD brain, but also pathological changes associated with cellular damage caused by mHTT. At 48 months, we detected pathological changes that included the demyelination of brain white matter, loss of function of striatal neurons in the putamen and activation of microglia. At 60-70 months, we found a clear marker of neurodegeneration: significant cell loss detected in the caudate nucleus, putamen and cortex. This was accompanied by clusters of structures accumulating in the neurites of some neurons, a sign of their degeneration that is also seen in Alzheimer's disease, and a significant activation of astrocytes. In summary, our data demonstrate age-dependent neuropathology with later onset of neurodegeneration in TgHD minipigs.
PHYSICAL INACTIVITY IN CHILDHOOD FROM PRESCHOOL TO ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan A.
Published: October 2019

Apply It!Summary StatementPulled Text

• Adult caregivers should limit screen time in preschoolers to provide more opportunities for physical activity.

• Schools should hire specialized PE teachers and aim to meet PE standards: daily, 225 minutes per week, of which 50% of time is spent in MVPA.

• Organized sports should be redesigned so they are fun and enjoyable for children to enhance their active playtime.

• Families should set physical activity goals and record progress to increase physical activity levels.

Preventing physical inactivity in youth starts in the preschool years and requires strategies targeting schools, caregivers, and families that limit excessive screen time and improve participation in PE, organized sports, and active play.

• Excessive screen time can displace time spent in structured and unstructured play, thereby directly lowering physical activity levels and could even indirectly lowering physical activity by impeding the development of motor skills and physical literacy.

• There is growing evidence that physical activity improves cognition, which could enhance academic achievement.

• The Project Play framework provides a roadmap to help children enter into organized sports, centered on the developmentally appropriate needs of children, and remain engaged throughout childhood.
Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament: Injury, Treatment Options, and Recovery in Overhead Throwing Athletes
Authors: Zaremski Jason L. , Vincent Kevin R. , Vincent Heather K.
Published: October 2019

The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow has been a subject of extensive research and discussion in recent years not only in the medical community but also in the media and by coaches, players, and parents. This is in part due to the rising incidence of UCL injuries and subsequent surgical reconstruction, specifically in overhead throwing athletes. Due to this widespread increase in injury to this structure, it is paramount to understand when it is appropriate to pursue nonoperative versus operative management. As such, the purpose of this article will be to review the basic anatomy, risk factors for UCL injury in overhead throwing athletes, treatment approaches, and future directions for prevention and treatment of injury based on the evidence-based data in the peer-reviewed literature.
Head and neck osteosarcoma: CT and MR imaging features
Authors: Luo Zhendong , Chen Weiguo , Shen Xinping , Qin Genggeng , Yuan Jianxiang , Hu Biying , Lyu Jianxun , Wen Chanjuan , Xu Weimin
Published: October 2019

Objective:

This study aims to assess the CT and MRI features of head and neck osteosarcoma (HNO).

Methods:

37 HNOs were identiﬁed, and the following imaging characteristics were reviewed on CT and MRI.

Results:

A total of 37 patients(age 41.5 ± 15.0 years old; 16 males, 21 females) were included in the study. Tumours occurred in the maxilla (16, 43.2%), mandible (8, 21.6%), skull base (6, 16.2%), calvarium (5, 13.5%), paranasal sinuses (1, 2.7%) and cervical soft tissue (1, 2.7%). 16 patients received radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Three patients (8.1%) developed osteosarcomas related to a primary bone disease. 16 of the (43.2%) tumours demonstrated lytic density on CT scans, followed by 13 (35.1%) showing mixed density and 7 (18.9%) with sclerotic density. Matrix mineralization was present in 32 (86.5%). 3 out of 24 (12.5%) tumours showed lamellar periosteal reactions, 21 out of 24 (87.5%) showed spiculated periosteal reactions. 12 tumours showed low signal intensities on T1WI, with 16 having heterogeneous signal intensities. 10 tumours showed high signal intensities on T2WI, and 18 showed heterogeneous signal intensities. With contrast-enhanced images, 3 tumours showed homogeneous enhancement (2 osteoblastic and 1 giant cell-rich), 18 tumours showed heterogeneous enhancement (13 osteoblastic, 4 fibroblastic and 1 giant cell-rich), and 7 tumours showed peripheral enhancement (6 chondroblastic and 1 osteoblastic). These tumours were characterized by soft tissue masses with a diameter of 5.6 ± 1.8 cm.

Conclusions:

HNO is a rare condition and is commonly associated with previous radiation exposure. This study provides age, sex distribution, location, CT and MRI features of HNO.
Recent advances in understanding neocortical development
Authors: Borrell Victor
Published: October 2019

The neocortex is the largest part of the mammalian brain and is the seat of our higher cognitive functions. This outstanding neural structure increased massively in size and complexity during evolution in a process recapitulated today during the development of extant mammals. Accordingly, defects in neocortical development commonly result in severe intellectual and social deficits. Thus, understanding the development of the neocortex benefits from understanding its evolution and disease and also informs about their underlying mechanisms. Here, I briefly summarize the most recent and outstanding advances in our understanding of neocortical development and focus particularly on dorsal progenitors and excitatory neurons. I place special emphasis on the specification of neural stem cells in distinct classes and their proliferation and production of neurons and then discuss recent findings on neuronal migration. Recent discoveries on the genetic evolution of neocortical development are presented with a particular focus on primates. Progress on all these fronts is being accelerated by high-throughput gene expression analyses and particularly single-cell transcriptomics. I end with novel insights into the involvement of microglia in embryonic brain development and how improvements in cultured cerebral organoids are gradually consolidating them as faithful models of neocortex development in humans.
Getting health information to internally displaced youth in Afghanistan: can mobile phone technology bridge the gap?
Authors: Alami Sayed Omar , Dulli Lisa , Dal Santo Leila , Rastagar Sayed Haroon , Seddiqi Sediq , Hemat Shafiqullah , Machlin Burke Jane , Todd Catherine S.
Published: October 2019

Background: Afghanistan ranks among the most disadvantaged globally for many key reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) indicators, despite important gains in the past decade. Youth (15 to 24 years) are a key audience for RMNCH information as they enter adulthood, marry and begin families; however, reaching Afghan youth with health information is challenging. Internally displaced persons (IDPs), including youth, experience additional challenges to obtaining health-related information and services. This study measured current and preferred RMNCH information channels to explore the feasibility of using mobile phone technology to provide RMNCH information to IDP youth in Afghanistan.

Methods: We conducted a sub-group analysis of survey data from a mixed-methods, cross-sectional, formative assessment to understand current access to RMNCH information. The target population for this analysis includes 15-25-year-old male and female IDP youth from three Afghan Provinces. Survey data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively.

Results: A total of 450 IDP youth were surveyed in the three provinces (225 male and 225 female). Access to RMNCH information outside of health facilities was limited. Mobile phone ownership was nearly universal among male participants, yet considerably lower among females; nearly all participants without personal phones reported access to phones when needed. Although few participants spontaneously mentioned mobile phones as a preferred source of RMNCH information, most male and female respondents reported they would be very or somewhat likely to use a free, mobile-phone-based system to access such information if offered.

Conclusions: Given widespread access and considerable interest voiced by participants, mobile phones may be a viable way to reach IDP youth with important RMNCH health information in this fragile setting. Interventions should be designed and pilot-tested to identify the most appropriate platforms and information content and to further document feasibility and acceptability.
Falls and fragility fractures: the role of the community nurse
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: October 2019

Linda Nazarko explains how these common injuries should be managed in outpatient settings
Developing a blended learning approach in care homes
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: October 2019

Many care home managers and owners recognise the benefits of eLearning for their staff, but have no idea where to start. Adrian Ashurst discusses the importance of an excellent training package and outlines some strategies for success
RIPK1 and RIPK3 – emerging targets in cancer?
Authors: Gurol Kerem , Shah Suraj , Degterev Alexei
Published: October 2019

Abstract: RIPK1 and RIPK3 are homologous Ser/Thr kinases, which act in concert within the necrosome complexes to initiate a sub-type of regulated necrosis, termed necroptosis. Necroptosis has gradually emerged as a highly clinically relevant form of necrosis, which can be targeted therapeutically. Besides necroptosis, RIPK1 and RIPK3 have been implicated in other pathophysiologically-relevant responses, including regulation of apoptosis and inflammation. More recently, it became evident that RIPK1/RIPK3 pathways may be systematically altered in cancers. Status of these pathways may provide a prognostic value, and therapeutic modulation of RIPK1/RIPK3 signaling may represent a new strategy against various forms of human cancer.
HIV Universal Vaccine
Authors: Malecki Marek , Saetre Bianka
Published: October 2019

Abstract: For many deadly viruses, there are no preventive and / or therapeutic vaccines approved by health authorities World-wide (e.g., HIV, Ebola, Dengue, and many others). Although, for some viruses, prophylactic vaccines are very effective (e.g., HBV, Polio, Rota, and many others). In this realm, we design, manufacture, test, and streamline into the clinics novel viral universal vaccines (VUV). VUV have such unique features, that medical vaccination or natural infection induced immunity against some viruses (e.g., HBV) in patients, who became infected with other viruses (e.g., HIV), upon the VUV’s administration , is redirected against these other, newly infecting viruses (e.g., HIV).
Paradoxos e o Desenvolvimento de Periódicos Emergentes
Authors: Pascuci Lucilaine
Published: October 2019

Prezados leitores, temos a satisfação de publicar a terceira e última edição da Revista Gestão & Conexões (REGEC) do ano de 2019. Esta edição também representa a conclusão do primeiro ciclo da REGEC, sob a minha condução como Editora-Chefe, e fecha o seu primeiro ano com a periodicidade quadrimestral.Trata-se de um período de muito trabalho, com mudanças introduzidas, aprendizado e resultados. No momento em que estamos fechando as edições de 2019 fazemos uma reflexão sobre este período de gestão da Revista. Esta reflexão se apoia em alguns paradoxos tão presentes nos contextos como nos estudos organizacionais...
La fotografía en Brasil
Authors: Monteiro Charles , Rey Pablo
Published: October 2019

Texto de introducción del dossier "La fotografía en Brasil".
Machado de Assis: cinco piezas para un teatro de gabinete
Authors: Maura Antonio
Published: October 2019

Teixeiro, A. M. & Pereiro, C. P. M. (Eds.) (2017). Machado de Assis e a mundana comédia. Cinco peças teatrais. La Coruña: Biblioteca Arquivo Teatral Francisco Pillado Mayor, Universidad de La Coruña.Machado de Assis es principalmente conocido por sus cuentos, relatos y novelas de madurez. Sin embargo, es importante recordar que fue también el mejor crítico de teatro de su tiempo y un agudo analista del mundo en el que vivó. Este libro recoge cinco piezas teatrales, breves, del autor de Dom Casmurro, en las que se disecciona a la burguesía emergente carioca del Brasil de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Una clase obsesionada por los pequeños asuntos de su entorno social que ignora, por otra parte, los graves problemas que acucian a su país. El estudio introductorio de los editores ilustra admirablemente la época y la trayectoria del más grande de los escritores de la literatura brasileña.
Políticas de cultura y de comunicación del Ministerio de Cultura en el gobierno de Lula
Authors: Canelas Rubim Antonio Albino , Rocha Renata
Published: October 2019

En este artículo se pretenden analizar las políticas culturales promovidas por el Ministerio de Cultura en el gobierno de Lula (2003-2010), con especial énfasis en las acciones relacionadas a la interfaz entre comunicación y cultura en el contexto de la Secretaría delo Audiovisual (SAV). Para ello, se hace hincapié en tres iniciativas concretas: el debate sobre la ampliación de los poderes de Ancine, empezando por la propuesta de creación de Ancinav; el proyecto de ley destinado a regular la comunicación social electrónica; y, por último, las acciones de fomento audiovisual implementadas por el SAV, en particular el Programa de Fomentoa la Producción y Difusión del Documental Brasileño, el DOCTV. La reflexión plantea, además, los principales avances y obstáculos de las políticas culturales, subrayando las ambigüedades en las políticas de comunicación.
Pronaf: una política conquistada, pero ¿cómo mantenerla?
Authors: Chaves Alves Nára Beatriz , Da Silveira Nicoloso Carolina , Pires Silveira Vicente Celestino
Published: October 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir el proceso desigual y asimétrico de las inversiones públicas ofertadas para el Pronaf, para la agricultura empresarial y para las líneas generales de financiación agrícola en zonas rurales de Brasil. El Pronaf redujo del 17% al 13% la inversión pública en el crédito rural. A diferencia de las cantidades invertidas en la agricultura empresarial y en la financiación agrícola en general, en las que hay un continuo crecimiento monetario y porcentual. Uno de los objetivos del Pronaf es el fortalecimiento de la agricultura familiar. Se aprecia un incentivo para que el agricultor familiar incorpore modelos productivistas de la producción agrícola especializada y orientada al mercado. Como método de trabajo, se analizan los datos de los recursos públicos ofrecidos y programados para la financiación rural, los recursos asignados a las inversiones para las financiaciones agrícolas (financiación rural general y Pronaf) y las condiciones de financiación del Pronaf entre las cosechas de 2003-2004 a 2015-2016.
Experiencia artística, educación y tecnologías: interacciones y procesos de influencia
Authors: Eglem Elisabeth Paule
Published: October 2019

La presente investigación se basa en el papel de las tecnologías en la dimensión educativa de la experiencia artística, partiendo del cuestionamiento de las relaciones entre la experiencia educativa, en general, y la experiencia artística, en particular. En este trabajo se han considerado las “nuevas tecnologías” basadas en internet y dispositivos de comunicación (emsmartfones/em, emtablets/em, etc.) y también tecnologías más tradicionales como video, ordenadores y televisión. El artículo es el resultado de la investigación postdoctoral en medios de comunicación y recepción del arte, desarrollada en la Escola de Comunicações e Artes (Escuela de Comunicación y Arte, ECA, USP). La metodología es etnográfica se basa en diez entrevistas introspectivas con el público y treinta entrevistas con profesionales de las artes, además de observaciones participantes, fotografías y el diario de investigación. Los datos del trabajo de campo se sometieron a un análisis de contenido basado en el estudio semántico de las entrevistas, seguido del análisis de las fotografías y del estudio de los comentarios resultantes de las observaciones y del diario de investigación. Después de una revisión teórica del concepto de experiencia – interpretaciones, forma de la experiencia artística, reflexión acerca del abordaje educativo del arte – la investigación de campo presenta aplicaciones empíricas del concepto de educación y arte, resultados de los análisis de las entrevistas y observaciones. Por último, la discusión es un dialogo entre los elementos teóricos y la información procedente de la investigación de campo y sugiere algunas conclusiones con respecto a las relaciones entre educación, experiencia artística y uso de las tecnologías.
Periodismo, literatura y perspectivas sobre la vida diaria: caminos y tendencias de la crónica brasileña
Authors: Santos Souza Tito Eugênio
Published: October 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar algunas de las principales tendencias acerca de la crónica contemporánea brasileña, aquí entendida como un género híbrido y en la frontera entre el periodismo y la literatura. Por lo tanto, inicialmente se ha tratado de conceptualizar la crónica como género, señalando sus principales características delimitadoras. A continuación, se trazó un corto panel de la historia y las transformaciones de tal género en Brasil, ora siendo considerada un “género menor”, ora reclamando para sí una mayor atención –  sobre todo al salir de las páginas de los periódicos y revistas (o incluso de internet) para tener mayor destaque en las colecciones y libros de crónicas. Por último, fueron analizados textos de autores y autoras diversos con el fin de verificar las tendencias principales de la crónica brasileña contemporánea, especialmente en las últimas décadas del siglo XX y los primeros años del XXI.
La III Conferencia Panamericana en Río de Janeiro (1906) y las relaciones entre Brasil y Estados Unidos
Authors: Henrich Nathalia
Published: October 2019

La III Conferencia Panamericana realizada en Río de Janeiro en 1906 supuso un marco importante para las relaciones entre Brasil y Estados Unidos, pero aún está poco estudiada. El objetivo de este trabajo es colaborar para llenar esta laguna. Para ello, este texto se divide en tres partes. Primero trato de presentar los antecedentes de la III Conferencia Panamericana, presentando los resultados más relevantes de los dos eventos anteriores y como éstos impactaron a la hora de formular la agenda para Río. Enseguida, trato de presentar brevemente cuál era el clima en que se iba a desarrollar la Conferencia. Para ello, recupero el debate existente en Brasil sobre las relaciones con los Estados Unidos y el panamericanismo, haciendo hincapié en las diferentes perspectivas de actores importantes en el proceso de formulación de la política exterior brasileña, como es el caso del Barón de Rio Branco y Joaquim Nabuco. Finalmente, trato de esbozar un análisis tanto del significado simbólico como de los resultados prácticos de la Conferencia para las relaciones interamericanas en general y para las relaciones entre Brasil y los Estados Unidos en particular.
STAT4 rs7574865 G/T and IRF5 rs2004640 G/T polymorphisms as markers of predisposition to juvenile idiopathic arthritis. What can genetics give to understand its heterogeneity?
Authors: Fedorov E. S. , Krylov M. Yu. , Salugina S. O. , Samarkina E. Yu. , Latypova A. N.
Published: October 2019

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a multifactorial immune-mediated inflammatory disease in childhood, the most common type of rheumatic disease in children. It is characterized by the polygenic type of hereditary predisposition.

Objective:to study the association of STAT4 rs7574865 G/T and IRF5 rs2004640 G/T polymorphisms with the predisposition to certain JIA subtypes in the Russian pediatric population.

Patients and methods.The investigation enrolled 177 patients, including 66 patients diagnosed with JIA and 111 healthy unrelated volunteers (a control group). Of the 66 patients with JIA there were 30 (45%) with oligoarthritis: 20 (67%) with human leukocyte antigen B27(HLA-B27)-positive JIA (that was associated with enthesitis, HLA-B27 positive JIA (JIA-B27), 10 (33%) with anterior uveitis concurrent with antinuclear antibody-positive JIA (JIA-uveitis); 20 (30%) with polyarticular JIA (JIA-poly), seronegative for rheumatoid factor; and 16 (24%) with systemic JIA (JIA-sys). As a control for genotyping STAT4 rs7574865 G/T and IRF5 rs2004640 G/T polymorphisms, the investigators studied 103 and 111 DNA samples from healthy adult volunteers, respectively. STAT4 rs7574865 G/T and IRF5 rs2004640 G/T polymorphisms were investigated using allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results and discussion.In the oligoarticular JIA group, the frequency of the STAT4 T allele was significantly higher than that in the control group (38.3 and 20.4%, respectively; p=0.004). This allele was also significantly more common in the JIA-B27 (35.0 and 20.4%, respectively; p=0.044) and JIA-uveitis (45.0 and 20.4%, respectively; p=0.021) groups compared with the control one. No significant differences were found in the frequency of the mutant STAT4 T allele between the control group and the JIA-sys and JIA-poly groups. Regression analysis showed that the identification of the STAT4 T allele was associated with the high risk of a predisposition to oligoarticular JIA as a whole (odds ratio, OR 2.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–4.70; p=0.007), as well as to the antinuclear antibody-positive oligoarticular JIA with uveitis (JIA-uveitis): the risk in T allele carriers was 3.2 times higher than that in the control (OR 3.19; 95% CI 1.09–9.06; p= ). A high risk for predisposition was also found in the JIA-B27 subgroup compared with the control (OR 2.10; 95% CI 0.38–4.60; p=0.070). There were no statistical differences in the frequency of genotypes and alleles of the IRF5 rs2004640 G/T polymorphism between the entire group of JIA as a whole and its individual clinical types, as well as the control group.

Conclusion.This pilot study confirmed that the STAT4 rs7574865 G/T polymorphism was associated with the risk of oligoarticular JIA, mainly that of JIA-uveitis and JIA-B27.
Fabrikasi Prototipe Implan Tulang Maksilofasial sebagai Produk Implan Lokal
Authors: Qosim Nanang
Published: October 2019

Pasar alat kesehatan di Indonesia sejauh ini masih didominasi oleh produk-produk impor. Kelemahan utama produk impor bagi negara berkembang adalah harganya yang mahal. Oleh karena itu, lima tahun ke belakang para peneliti berkolaborasi dengan pihak industri dalam negeri menggencarkan pengembangan alat-alat kesehatan buatan dalam negeri. Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk implan maksilofasial berupa screw dan miniplate berbasis titanium sebagai produk alat biomedis buatan dalam negeri. Proses desain mengacu pada rekomendsi dari dokter spesialis bedah maksilofasial. Metode fabrikasi menggunakan proses micro turning untuk screw, sedangkan miniplate menggunakan wire cutting dan EDM. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pula proses deburring dan ultrasonic cleaning sebagai tahapan akhir. Hasil fabrikasi menunjukkan bahwa prototipe screw dan miniplate telah berhasil diproduksi dengan toleransi geometri yang dapat diterima sebagai sebuah produk implan.
Links between success in non-measurement and calculation tasks in area and volume measurement and pupils’ problems in this domain
Authors: Tůmová Veronika , Vondrová Naďa
Published: October 2019

Measurement in geometry belongs among key areas of school mathematics, however, pupils make serious mistakes when solving problems on measurement and hold misconception. The article focuses on possible links between lower secondary pupils’ (n = 870) success in solving non-measurement and in calculations tasks on area and volume and on their problems when solving measurement tasks. The study uses a mixed research design. Statistical methods are used to find correlations between the two types of tasks and a qualitative analysis is carried out to identify mistakes and misconceptions. The results show that there are indeed relatively strong links between success in non-measurement tasks and in calculation tasks and consequently when teaching this topic, attention must be paid to development of both types of skills. The study identified pupils’ mistakes in tasks which are within the Czech curriculum but which proved to be difficult for them, such as a missing link between an algebraic and geometric representations, a tendency to linearize and/or to employ pseudo-analytical thinking. The study identified differences between individual classes which point to the significant role of the teacher and/or influence of the textbook used.
Vědecké myšlení a metakognitivní monitorování studentů učitelství pro 1. stupeň základní školy
Authors: Nováková Alena , Chytrý Vlastimil , Říčan Jaroslav
Published: October 2019

Výzkum popsaný v tomto článku je zaměřen na analýzu závislosti úrovně vědeckého myšlení a metakognitivního monitorováním studentů učitelství pro 1. stupeň ZŠ. Hlavní dikce je směřována k využití Lawsonova testu vědeckého myšlení rozšířeného o sebeposuzovací škály, které lze využít jako indikátor metakognitivního monitorování. Na základě výsledků daného testu v porovnání s odpověďmi na zmíněné škále byl vyhodnocen a analyzován index absolutní přesnosti (určuje míru přesnosti subjektivního odhadu výkonu v porovnání s objektivně prokázaným výkonem) a bias index (určuje míru jedincova sebepodceňování nebo sebenadhodnocování, tedy směr a velikost chyby v úsudku). Bylo analyzováno celkem 125 testů studentů učitelství s cílem zjistit vztah mezi výsledky v testu měřícího úroveň vědeckého myšlení a úrovní metakognitivního monitorování. Bylo zjištěno, že úroveň vědeckého myšlení studentů vykazuje v některých oblastech silnou korelaci se sebehodnocením respondenta (čím lepší byl výsledek jejich testu vědeckého myšlení, tím přesnější byli studenti v posouzení vlastního výkonu). V rámci studie byl také zaznamenán rozdíl v úrovni vědeckého myšlení mezi bývalými studenty gymnázia, kteří dosahovali v testu vyšších výsledků oproti studentům, kteří studovali jinou střední školu. U všech analyzovaných studentů se projevila tendence nadhodnocovat se, přičemž tento trend nesouvisí s druhem studované školy.
Didaktika geológie na Slovensku – história, súčasný stav a perspektívy
Authors: Turanová Lídia , Ružek Ivan
Published: October 2019

Didaktika geológie ako samostatná vedná disciplína na Slovensku nemá dlhú históriu a naviac jej základy a história do 31. decembra 1992 boli spoločné s Českou republikou. V článku sa venujeme vývoju didaktiky geológie a postaveniu geológie vo vzdelávaní na základných a stredných školách na Slovensku. Významnú úlohu v skvalitnení výučby geológie na školách zohrávajú nami prezentované aktivity pregraduálneho i celoživotného vzdelávania učiteľov. Celoživotné vzdelávanie zabezpečujeme prevažne v rámci riešenia rôznych typov projektov. V záverečnej časti analyzujeme a hodnotíme súčasné postavenie geológie (geologického učiva) v rámci štátnych i školských rámcových vzdelávacích programov.
Konfrontácia koncepcií přírodovědného vzdelávania v Európe
Authors: Held Ľubomír
Published: October 2019

Najnovšie výsledky medzinárodných porovnaní (PISA, 2009) ukazujú na výrazné zaostávanie Slovenska a dokonca aj Česka za špičkovými krajinami v rámci OECD. Možno očakávať, že v koncepcii prírodovedného vzdelávania v stredoeurópskom regióne príde k zásadnejším koncepčným posunom než sú tie, ku ktorým prišlo v dôsledku nedávno realizovaných reforiem v Česku a na Slovensku. Pedagogická, prírodo - vedecká, ba dokonca ani odborovo – didaktická komunita nie je podľa nášho odhadu na tieto zmeny pripravená. Predložený článok chce byť príspevkom k tejto príprave. Napriek politickým zmenám v deväťdesiatych rokoch, vstupe do EU, vydávaniu alternatívnych učebníc a dokonca školským reformám nedošlo zatiaľ ku koncepčným posunom vo vyučovaní chémie na úrovni všeobecného vzdelávania mnohých stredoeurópskych krajinách. Prírodovedné vzdelávanie sa stáva významným záujmom OECD a EÚ, pričom dochádza ku konfrontácii stredoeurópskej a zámorskej koncepcie prírodovedného vzdelávania. Nástrojmi tejto konfrontácie sú PISA a kľúčové kompetencie. Najvýraznejšie aktivity vedené snahou o vyrovnanie sa s novými požiadavkami prejavuje Nemecko a Rakúsko. Očakáva sa nástup IBSE (Inquiry-based Science Education).
Žákovské konstrukce poznatků v matematice
Authors: Stehlíková Naďa , Ulrychová Michaela
Published: October 2019

Článek se věnuje problematice konstrukce poznatků v matematice žáky, konkrétně mechanizmu individuální a společné konstrukce poznatků na příkladu znovuobjevování Pythagorovy věty v prostředí čtverečkovaného papíru. Teoretické pozadí práce sestává z teorie generických modelů a konstruktivistických přístupů k výuce matematiky, resp. podnětné výuky. Byl proveden klinický experiment se žáky osmiletého gymnázia, pracujícími ve skupinách na řešení vybraných úloh. Data byla získána prostřednictvím participačního pozorování, terénních zápisků experimentátorky a externího pozorovatele, žákovských prací a zejména videozáznamů. Stručně je popsán způsob analýzy dat prostřednictvím technik založených na zakotvené teorii. Mezi výsledky experimentu patří charakteristika dvou kategorií, a to (relativně) individuální a společné konstrukce poznatků, včetně jejich dimenzí. Jsou podány konkrétní příklady těchto konstrukcí. Závěrem jsou shrnuty přínosy, ale i omezení předloženého výzkumu a nastíněny možné další otázky zkoumání.
Typy vzdělávacích komiksů a analýza jejich edukačního potenciálu pro přírodovědnou výuku
Authors: Trnová Eva , Janko Tomáš , Trna Josef , Pešková Karolína
Published: October 2019

Komiksové příběhy jsou tradičně vnímány jako specifické populární médium. Vzhledem k jejich oblíbenosti a srozumitelnosti pro dospívající je jim však pozornost stále častěji věnována i v oblasti přírodovědného vzdělávání. Důležitým aspektem je v tomto ohledu nejen obsah komiksů, ale také jejich výrazové prostředky. Cílem studie je přispět ke konkretizaci edukačního potenciálu komiksů a naznačit způsoby jejich pedagogického využití v kontextu motivace a poznávacích charakteristik současné NET-generace žáků. Jádro studie představuje analýza ukázek vzdělávacích komiksů s přírodovědnou tématikou, jež se uplatňují při transformování přírodovědných konceptů do lépe uchopitelné podoby. Nejdříve je čtenář v obecné rovině seznamován s přínosem komiksů vzhledem k učebním návykům současných žáků. Následně jsou objasňovány vlastnosti vzdělávacího komiksu a podrobněji vysvětlováno jeho fungování jako didaktického prostředku. V závěru studie jsou na základě zjištěných poznatků vyvozována didaktická doporučení a popisovány příklady efektivního využití vzdělávacích komiksů v přírodovědné výuce.
Výskum používania hier vo vyučovaní fyziky
Authors: Horváthová Jana , Haverlíková Viera
Published: October 2019

V článku sú predstavené výsledky pedagogického výskumu zameraného na zistenie používania hry ako vyučovacej metódy vo fyzike a na identifikovanie faktorov ovplyvňujúcich používanie, resp. nepoužívanie hier učiteľmi fyziky nižšieho a vyššieho sekundárneho vzdelávania. V rámci výskumu boli zisťované a porovnávané postoje učiteľov, ktorí sa vyjadrili, že hru vo vyučovaní používajú a učiteľov, ktorí hru neoznačili ako nimi používanú vyučovaciu metódu. Výsledky výskumu poskytujú východiská pre tvorbu didaktických hier, ktoré budú reflektovať potreby, očakávania a obavy učiteľov, čo umožní širšie a efektívnejšie používanie hry ako vyučovacej metódy v prírodovednom vzdelávaní.
Oborové didaktiky na vzestupu: přehled aktuálních vývojových tendencí
Authors: Janík Tomáš , Stuchlíková Iva
Published: October 2019

Přehledová studie mapuje aktuální vývojové tendence v didaktice. V první části jsou vymezeny pojmy obecná didaktika, mezioborová didaktika, oborová a předmětová didaktika. V návaznosti na to jsou představeny nejvýraznější didaktické tradice a koncepce rozvíjené v různých kulturních oblastech (německé, skandinávské, frankofonní, angloamerické a dalších). V dalším kroku jsou rozebírány dva podstatné impulsy, které přispěly k emancipaci a rozvoji oborových didaktik – impuls profesionalizační a impuls kurikulární. V další části studie je pozornost zaostřena na didaktiky přírodovědných předmětů. Jsou tematizovány trendy v didaktice přírodních věd a zdroje inspirace z jiných oborových didaktik. V závěru studie jsou rozebírány perspektivy dalšího vývoje didaktiky, resp. oborových didaktik v České republice. Kritická analýza vývojových tendencí v celkovém pohledu naznačuje, že didaktika je na vzestupu, a to přinejmenším v kontinentální Evropě, kde má úctyhodnou tradici a vysokou společenskou závažnost.
Vliv výuky na postoje žáků SOŠ k chemii
Authors: Rusek Martin
Published: October 2019

Výzkumné šetření je zaměřeno na postoje žáků středních odborných škol (SOŠ) nechemického zaměření k chemii. Cílem je zjistit a porovnat postoje žáků na začátku a na konci školního roku, tedy po příchodu na střední školu a po skončení výuky chemie. Zadaný dotazník obsahoval tři otázky s otevřenou odpovědí a jednu otázku se škálou 1–5. Z výsledků je možné vyvozovat zpřesnění představ žáků o chemii posun v jejich vnímání užitečnosti chemie pro život. Přesto žáci hodnotí chemii známkou 3. V závěru příspěvku jsou uvedeny možnosti dalších kroků nutných pro optimalizaci výuky chemie ve specifickém prostředí SOŠ nechemického zaměření.
Výčet všech možných případů: Analýza žákovských prací
Authors: Savard Annie , DeBlois Lucie
Published: October 2019

Pokud žákům při výuce pravděpodobnosti nabídneme pestrý výběr kontextů, umožníme jim, aby se učili usuzovat v oblasti ”neurčitost‘, což může přispívat k rozvoji jejich kritického myšlení. Článek předkládá studii o tom, jak žáci čtvrtého ročníku rozvíjejí v kombinatorice strategie vyjmenovávání pomocí kritického myšlení. Žáky vyučoval student učitelství. Analýza práce žáků ukázala, jaké postupy používali. To znamená, že prezentované výsledky pocházejí ze sekundární analýzy. Ukazují, že mají-li se u žáků rozvíjet důmyslnější strategie pravděpodobnostního usuzování, musí jim k tomu být poskytnuto dostatek příležitostí. Studie zároveň ukázala, že kritické myšlení je pro rozvoj takového usuzování na jedné straně nezbytné a na straně druhé se jím též rozvíjí.