bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural insights into trans-histone regulation of H3K4 methylation by unique histone H4 binding of MLL3/4
Authors: Liu Yanli , Qin Su , Chen Tsai-Yu , Lei Ming , Dhar Shilpa S. , Ho Jolene Caifeng , Dong Aiping , Loppnau Peter , Li Yanjun , Lee Min Gyu , Min Jinrong
Published: December 2018

MLL3 and MLL4 are two closely related members of the SET1/MLL family of histone H3K4 methyltransferases and are responsible for monomethylating histone H3K4 on enhancers, which are essential in regulating cell-type-specific gene expression. Mutations of MLL3 or MLL4 have been reported in different types of cancer. Recently, the PHD domains of MLL3/4 have been reported to recruit the MLL3/4 complexes to their target genes by binding to histone H4 during the NT2/D1 stem cell differentiation. Here we show that an extended PHD domain (ePHD6) involving the sixth PHD domain and its preceding zinc finger in MLL3 and MLL4 specifically recognizes an H4H18-containing histone H4 fragment and that modifications of residues surrounding H4H18 modulate H4 binding to MLL3/4. Our in vitro methyltransferase assays and cellular experiments further reveal that the interaction between ePHD6 of MLL3/4 and histone H4 is required for their nucleosomal methylation activity and MLL4-mediated neuronal differentiation of NT2/D1 cells.
The non-canonical SMC protein SmcHD1 antagonises TAD formation and compartmentalisation on the inactive X chromosome
Authors: Gdula Michal R. , Nesterova Tatyana B. , Pintacuda Greta , Godwin Jonathan , Zhan Ye , Ozadam Hakan , McClellan Michael , Moralli Daniella , Krueger Felix , Green Catherine M. , Reik Wolf , Kriaucionis Skirmantas , Heard Edith , Dekker Job , Brockdorff Neil
Published: December 2018

The inactive X chromosome (Xi) in female mammals adopts an atypical higher-order chromatin structure, manifested as a global loss of local topologically associated domains (TADs), A/B compartments and formation of two mega-domains. Here we demonstrate that the non-canonical SMC family protein, SmcHD1, which is important for gene silencing on Xi, contributes to this unique chromosome architecture. Specifically, allelic mapping of the transcriptome and epigenome in SmcHD1 mutant cells reveals the appearance of sub-megabase domains defined by gene activation, CpG hypermethylation and depletion of Polycomb-mediated H3K27me3. These domains, which correlate with sites of SmcHD1 enrichment on Xi in wild-type cells, additionally adopt features of active X chromosome higher-order chromosome architecture, including A/B compartments and partial restoration of TAD boundaries. Xi chromosome architecture changes also occurred following SmcHD1 knockout in a somatic cell model, but in this case, independent of Xi gene derepression. We conclude that SmcHD1 is a key factor in defining the unique chromosome architecture of Xi.
Model-based lesion mapping of cognitive control using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Authors: Gläscher Jan , Adolphs Ralph , Tranel Daniel
Published: December 2018

The role of the frontal lobes in cognition and behavior has long been enigmatic. Over the past decade, computational models have provided a powerful approach to understanding cognition and decision-making. Here, we used a model-based approach to analyze data from a classical task used to assess frontal lobe function, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. We applied computational modeling and voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping in 328 patients with focal lesions, to uncover cognitive processes and neural correlates of test scores. Our results reveal that lesions in the right prefrontal cortex are associated with elevated perseverative errors and reductions in the model parameter of sensitivity to punishment. These findings indicate that the capacity to flexibly switch between task sets requires the detection of contingency changes, which are enabled by a sensitivity to punishment that reduces perseverative errors. We demonstrate the power of model-based approaches in understanding patterns of deficits on classical neuropsychological tasks.
Recognizing the quiet extinction of invertebrates
Authors: Eisenhauer Nico , Bonn Aletta , A. Guerra Carlos
Published: December 2018

Invertebrates are central to the functioning of ecosystems, yet they are underappreciated and understudied. Recent work has shown that they are suffering from rapid decline. Here we call for a greater focus on invertebrates and make recommendations for future investigation.
Longevity defined as top 10% survivors and beyond is transmitted as a quantitative genetic trait
Authors: van den Berg Niels , Rodríguez-Girondo Mar , van Dijk Ingrid K. , Mourits Rick J. , Mandemakers Kees , Janssens Angelique A. P. O. , Beekman Marian , Smith Ken R. , Slagboom P. Eline
Published: December 2018

Survival to extreme ages clusters within families. However, identifying genetic loci conferring longevity and low morbidity in such longevous families is challenging. There is debate concerning the survival percentile that best isolates the genetic component in longevity. Here, we use three-generational mortality data from two large datasets, UPDB (US) and LINKS (Netherlands). We study 20,360 unselected families containing index persons, their parents, siblings, spouses, and children, comprising 314,819 individuals. Our analyses provide strong evidence that longevity is transmitted as a quantitative genetic trait among survivors up to the top 10% of their birth cohort. We subsequently show a survival advantage, mounting to 31%, for individuals with top 10% surviving first and second-degree relatives in both databases and across generations, even in the presence of non-longevous parents. To guide future genetic studies, we suggest to base case selection on top 10% survivors of their birth cohort with equally long-lived family members.
Structure of BAI1/ELMO2 complex reveals an action mechanism of adhesion GPCRs via ELMO family scaffolds
Authors: Weng Zhuangfeng , Situ Chenghao , Lin Lin , Wu Zhenguo , Zhu Jinwei , Zhang Rongguang
Published: December 2018

The brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI) subfamily of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) plays crucial roles in diverse cellular processes including phagocytosis, myoblast fusion, and synaptic development through the ELMO/DOCK/Rac signaling pathway, although the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that an evolutionarily conserved fragment located in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of BAI-aGPCRs is specifically recognized by the RBD-ARR-ELMO (RAE) supramodule of the ELMO family scaffolds. The crystal structures of ELMO2-RAE and its complex with BAI1 uncover the molecular basis of BAI/ELMO interactions. Based on the complex structure we identify aGPCR-GPR128 as another upstream receptor for the ELMO family scaffolds, most likely with a recognition mode similar to that of BAI/ELMO interactions. Finally, we map disease-causing mutations of BAI and ELMO and analyze their effects on complex formation.
Highly stable and efficient all-inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cells with native-oxide passivation
Authors: Chen Min , Ju Ming-Gang , Garces Hector F. , Carl Alexander D. , Ono Luis K. , Hawash Zafer , Zhang Yi , Shen Tianyi , Qi Yabing , Grimm Ronald L. , Pacifici Domenico , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Zhou Yuanyuan , Padture Nitin P.
Published: December 2018

There has been an urgent need to eliminate toxic lead from the prevailing halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but the current lead-free PSCs are still plagued with the critical issues of low efficiency and poor stability. This is primarily due to their inadequate photovoltaic properties and chemical stability. Herein we demonstrate the use of the lead-free, all-inorganic cesium tin-germanium triiodide (CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3) solid-solution perovskite as the light absorber in PSCs, delivering promising efficiency of up to 7.11%. More importantly, these PSCs show very high stability, with less than 10% decay in efficiency after 500 h of continuous operation in N2 atmosphere under one-sun illumination. The key to this striking performance of these PSCs is the formation of a full-coverage, stable native-oxide layer, which fully encapsulates and passivates the perovskite surfaces. The native-oxide passivation approach reported here represents an alternate avenue for boosting the efficiency and stability of lead-free PSCs.
Endovascular progenitors infiltrate melanomas and differentiate towards a variety of vascular beds promoting tumor metastasis
Authors: Donovan Prudence , Patel Jatin , Dight James , Wong Ho Yi , Sim Seen-Ling , Murigneux Valentine , Francois Mathias , Khosrotehrani Kiarash
Published: December 2018

Tumor vascularization is a hallmark of cancer central to disease progression and metastasis. Current anti-angiogenic therapies have limited success prompting the need to better understand the cellular origin of tumor vessels. Using fate-mapping analysis of endothelial cell populations in melanoma, we report the very early infiltration of endovascular progenitors (EVP) in growing tumors. These cells harbored self-renewal and reactivated the expression of SOX18 transcription factor, initiating a vasculogenic process as single cells, progressing towards a transit amplifying stage and ultimately differentiating into more mature endothelial phenotypes that comprised arterial, venous and lymphatic subtypes within the core of the tumor. Molecular profiling by RNA sequencing of purified endothelial fractions characterized EVPs as quiescent progenitors remodeling the extracellular matrix with significant paracrine activity promoting growth. Functionally, EVPs did not rely on VEGF-A signaling whereas endothelial-specific loss ofRbpjdepleted the population and strongly inhibited metastasis. The understanding of endothelial heterogeneity opens new avenues for more effective anti-vascular therapies in cancer.
Completion of the cytosolic post-chorismate phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway in plants
Authors: Qian Yichun , Lynch Joseph H. , Guo Longyun , Rhodes David , Morgan John A. , Dudareva Natalia
Published: December 2018

In addition to being a vital component of proteins, phenylalanine is also a precursor of numerous aromatic primary and secondary metabolites with broad physiological functions. In plants phenylalanine is synthesized predominantly via the arogenate pathway in plastids. Here, we describe the structure, molecular players and subcellular localization of a microbial-like phenylpyruvate pathway for phenylalanine biosynthesis in plants. Using a reverse genetic approach and metabolic flux analysis, we provide evidence that the cytosolic chorismate mutase is responsible for directing carbon flux towards cytosolic phenylalanine production via the phenylpyruvate pathway. We also show that an alternative transcription start site of a known plastidial enzyme produces a functional cytosolic prephenate dehydratase that catalyzes the conversion of prephenate to phenylpyruvate, the intermediate step between chorismate mutase and phenylpyruvate aminotransferase. Thus, our results complete elucidation of phenylalanine biosynthesis via phenylpyruvate in plants, showing that this pathway splits from the known plastidial arogenate pathway at chorismate, instead of prephenate as previously thought, and the complete pathway is localized in the cytosol.
CRISPR/Cas9 editing of APP C-terminus attenuates β-cleavage and promotes α-cleavage
Authors: Sun Jichao , Carlson-Stevermer Jared , Das Utpal , Shen Minjie , Delenclos Marion , Snead Amanda M. , Koo So Yeon , Wang Lina , Qiao Dianhua , Loi Jonathan , Petersen Andrew J. , Stockton Michael , Bhattacharyya Anita , Jones Mathew V. , Zhao Xinyu , McLean Pamela J. , Sproul Andrew A. , Saha Krishanu , Roy Subhojit
Published: December 2018

CRISPR/Cas9 guided gene-editing is a potential therapeutic tool, however application to neurodegenerative disease models has been limited. Moreover, conventional mutation correction by gene-editing would only be relevant for the small fraction of neurodegenerative cases that are inherited. Here we introduce a CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy in cell and animal models to edit endogenous amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the extreme C-terminus and reciprocally manipulate the amyloid pathway, attenuating APP-β-cleavage and Aβ production, while up-regulating neuroprotective APP-α-cleavage. APP N-terminus and compensatory APP-homologues remain intact, with no apparent effects on neurophysiology in vitro. Robust APP-editing is seen in human iPSC-derived neurons and mouse brains with no detectable off-target effects. Our strategy likely works by limiting APP and BACE-1 approximation, and we also delineate mechanistic events that abrogates APP/BACE-1 convergence in this setting. Our work offers conceptual proof for a selective APP silencing strategy.
Low-frequency vibrational modes of stable glasses
Authors: Wang Lijin , Ninarello Andrea , Guan Pengfei , Berthier Ludovic , Szamel Grzegorz , Flenner Elijah
Published: December 2018

Unusual features of the vibrational density of states D(ω) of glasses allow one to rationalize their peculiar low-temperature properties. Simulational studies of D(ω) have been restricted to studying poorly annealed glasses that may not be relevant to experiments. Here we report on D(ω) of zero-temperature glasses with kinetic stabilities ranging from poorly annealed to ultrastable glasses. For all preparations, the low-frequency part of D(ω) splits between extended and quasi-localized modes. Extended modes exhibit a boson peak crossing over to Debye behavior (Dex(ω) ~ ω2) at low-frequency, with a strong correlation between the two regimes. Quasi-localized modes obey Dloc(ω) ~ ω4, irrespective of the stability. The prefactor of this quartic law decreases with increasing stability, and the corresponding modes become more localized and sparser. Our work is the first numerical observation of quasi-localized modes in a regime relevant to experiments, and it establishes a direct connection between glasses’ stability and their soft vibrational modes
Transposable elements are regulated by context-specific patterns of chromatin marks in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: He Jiangping , Fu Xiuling , Zhang Meng , He Fangfang , Li Wenjuan , Abdul Mazid Md. , Zhou Jianguo , Sun Li , Chang Chen , Li Yuhao , Liu He , Wu Kaixin , Babarinde Isaac A. , Zhuang Qiang , Loh Yuin-Han , Chen Jiekai , Esteban Miguel A. , Hutchins Andrew P.
Published: December 2018

The majority of mammalian genomes are devoted to transposable elements (TEs). Whilst TEs are increasingly recognized for their important biological functions, they are a potential danger to genomic stability and are carefully regulated by the epigenetic system. However, the full complexity of this regulatory system is not understood. Here, using mouse embryonic stem cells, we show that TEs are suppressed by heterochromatic marks like H3K9me3, and are also labelled by all major types of chromatin modification in complex patterns, including bivalent activatory and repressive marks. We identified 29 epigenetic modifiers that significantly deregulated at least one type of TE. The loss of Setdb1, Ncor2, Rnf2, Kat5, Prmt5, Uhrf1, and Rrp8 caused widespread changes in TE expression and chromatin accessibility. These effects were context-specific, with different chromatin modifiers regulating the expression and chromatin accessibility of specific subsets of TEs. Our work reveals the complex patterns of epigenetic regulation of TEs.
Manifold learning of four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Li Xin , Dyck Ondrej E. , Oxley Mark P. , Lupini Andrew R. , McInnes Leland , Healy John , Jesse Stephen , Kalinin Sergei V.
Published: December 2018

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) of local atomic diffraction patterns is emerging as a powerful technique for probing intricate details of atomic structure and atomic electric fields. However, efficient processing and interpretation of large volumes of data remain challenging, especially for two-dimensional or light materials because the diffraction signal recorded on the pixelated arrays is weak. Here we employ data-driven manifold leaning approaches for straightforward visualization and exploration analysis of 4D-STEM datasets, distilling real-space neighboring effects on atomically resolved deflection patterns from single-layer graphene, with single dopant atoms, as recorded on a pixelated detector. These extracted patterns relate to both individual atom sites and sublattice structures, effectively discriminating single dopant anomalies via multi-mode views. We believe manifold learning analysis will accelerate physics discoveries coupled between data-rich imaging mechanisms and materials such as ferroelectric, topological spin, and van der Waals heterostructures.
Cathodic driven coating delamination suppressed by inhibition of cation migration along Zn|polymer interface in atmospheric CO2
Authors: Shkirskiy Viacheslav , Uebel Matthias , Maltseva Alina , Lefèvre Grégory , Volovitch Polina , Rohwerder Michael
Published: December 2018

The degradation of the Zn|polymer interface is inhibited by CO2 gas in a humid environment. The inhibition mechanism varies greatly for different polymer matrices and depends on the affinity of the polymer to CO2. Coatings based on polymers with high affinity to CO2 such as polyacrylamide show high delamination rates due to the fast uptake of water. In this case, the cation transport that causes the initial pull down of potential for initiating the oxygen reduction reaction occurs via the polymer. Here CO2 decreases water uptake due to competitive absorption into the polymer matrix, inhibiting the delamination rate. CO2 can quickly reach the interface of polymers with functional groups with a low affinity to water and CO2, such as polyvinyl butyral and polyvinyl alcohol. In this case, the inhibition of the delamination rate is achieved by a strong decrease in cation migration rate at the Zn|polymer interface accompanied by the formation of mixed hydrozincite/absorbed CO2 layers on the ZnO surface underneath the polymers. Further experiments showed that the presence of CO2 accelerates anion migration, suggesting an influence of CO2 on the surface charge at the Zn|coating interface, thus affecting ion migration. Inhibition of cation migration has never been reported before and should be taken into account into the mechanism of cathodic-driven delamination on Zn under atmospheric conditions.
Optical anisotropy in optimally doped iron-based superconductor
Authors: Pal Anirban , Chinotti Manuel , Chu Jiun-Haw , Kuo Hseuh-Hui , Fisher Ian Randal , Degiorgi Leonardo
Published: December 2018

The divergent nematic susceptibility, obeying a simple Curie-Weiss power law over a large temperature interval, is empirically found to be a ubiquitous signature in several iron-based materials across their doping-temperature phase diagram. The composition at which the associated Weiss temperature extrapolates to zero is found to be close to optimal doping, boosting the debate to what extent nematic fluctuations contribute to the pairing-mechanism and generally affect the electronic structure of iron-based superconductors. Here, we offer a comprehensive optical investigation of the optimally hole-doped Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 over a broad spectral range, as a function of temperature and of tunable applied stress, which acts as an external symmetry breaking field. We show that the stress-induced optical anisotropy in the infrared spectral range is reversible upon sweeping the applied stress and occurs only below the superconducting transition temperature. These findings demonstrate that there is a large electronic nematicity at optimal doping which extends right under the superconducting dome.
Electronic structure and exciton shifts in Sb-doped MoS2 monolayer
Authors: Zhong Mianzeng , Shen Chao , Huang Le , Deng Hui-Xiong , Shen Guozhen , Zheng Houzhi , Wei Zhongming , Li Jingbo
Published: December 2018

The effective manipulation of excitons is important for the realization of exciton-based devices and circuits, and doping is considered a good strategy to achieve this. While studies have shown that 2D semiconductors are ideal for excitonic devices, preparation of homogenous substitutional foreign-atom-doped 2D crystals is still difficult. Here we report the preparation of homogenous monolayer Sb-doped MoS2 single crystals via a facile chemical vapor deposition method. A and B excitons are observed in the Sb-doped MoS2 monolayer by reflection magnetic circular dichroism spectrum measurements. More important, compared with monolayer MoS2, the peak positions of two excitons show obvious shifts. Meanwhile, the degeneration of A exciton is also observed in the monolayer Sb-doped MoS2 crystal using photoluminescence spectroscopy, which is ascribed to the impurity energy levels within the band-gap, confirmed by density function theory. Our study opens a door to developing the doping of 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenides with group-V dopants, which is helpful for the fundamental study of the physical and chemical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides.
Randomized controlled trial of a 12-week digital care program in improving low back pain
Authors: Shebib Raad , Bailey Jeannie F , Smittenaar Peter , Perez Daniel A , Mecklenburg Gabriel , Hunter Simon
Published: December 2018

Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability throughout the world and is economically burdensome. The recommended first line treatment for non-specific LBP is non-invasive care. A digital care program (DCP) delivering evidence-based non-invasive treatment for LBP can aid self-management by engaging patients and scales personalized therapy for patient-specific needs. We assessed the efficacy of a 12-week DCP for LBP in a two-armed, pre-registered, randomized, controlled trial (RCT). Participants were included based on self-reported duration of LBP, but those with surgery or injury to the lower back in the previous three months were excluded. The treatment group (DCP) received the 12-week DCP, consisting of sensor-guided exercise therapy, education, cognitive behavioral therapy, team and individual behavioral coaching, activity tracking, and symptom tracking – all administered remotely via an app. The control group received three digital education articles only. All participants maintained access to treatment-as-usual. At 12 weeks, an intention-to-treat analysis showed each primary outcome—Oswestry Disability Index (p < 0.001), Korff Pain (p < 0.001) and Korff Disability (p < 0.001)—as well as each secondary outcome improved more for participants in the DCP group compared to control group. For participants who completed the DCP (per protocol), average improvement in pain outcomes ranged 52-64% (Korff: 48.8–23.4, VAS: 43.6–16.5, VAS impact on daily life: 37.3–13.4; p < 0.01 for all) and average improvement in disability outcomes ranged 31–55% (Korff: 33.1–15, ODI: 19.7–13.5; p < 0.01 for both). Surgical interest significantly reduced in the DCP group. Participants that completed the DCP had an average engagement, each week, of 90%. Future studies will further explore the effectiveness of the DCP for long-term outcomes beyond 12 weeks and for a LBP patient population with possibly greater baseline pain and disability. In conclusion, the DCP resulted in improved LBP outcomes compared to treatment-as-usual and has potential to scale personalized evidence-based non-invasive treatment for LBP patients.
Initial hydraulic failure followed by late-stage carbon starvation leads to drought-induced death in the tree Trema orientalis
Authors: Kono Yuri , Ishida Atsushi , Saiki Shin-Taro , Yoshimura Kenichi , Dannoura Masako , Yazaki Kenichi , Kimura Fuku , Yoshimura Jin , Aikawa Shin-ichi
Published: December 2018

Drought-induced tree death has become a serious problem in global forest ecosystems. Two nonexclusive hypotheses, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, have been proposed to explain tree die-offs. To clarify the mechanisms, we investigated the physiological processes of drought-induced tree death in saplings with contrasting Huber values (sapwood area/total leaf area). First, hydraulic failure and reduced respiration were found in the initial process of tree decline, and in the last stage carbon starvation led to tree death. The carbohydrate reserves at the stem bases, low in healthy trees, accumulated at the beginning of the declining process due to phloem transport failure, and then decreased just before dying. The concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates at the stem bases are a good indicator of tree damage. The physiological processes and carbon sink-source dynamics that occur during lethal drought provide important insights into the adaptive measures underlying forest die-offs under global warming conditions.
Drug-induced anti-inflammatory response in A549 cells, as detected by Raman spectroscopy: a comparative analysis of the actions of dexamethasone and p-coumaric acid
Authors: da Silva Elaine Cristina Oliveira , dos Santos Flávio Martins , Ribeiro Ana Rúbia Batista , de Souza Samuel Teixeira , Barreto Emiliano , Fonseca Eduardo Jorge da Silva
Published: December 2018

p-Coumaric acid, a natural phenolic compound found throughout nature, has been presented as an alternative for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Enhanced fluorescence detection of enrofloxacin with curved-surface responsive inverse opal polymers and molecular imprinting
Authors: Chen Zhenhe , Sun Jianling , He Yong , Zhang Tingting , Hao Run , Shi Aijun , Enciso Eduardo
Published: December 2018

Enhanced fluorescence sensing of enrofloxacin has been realized by molecular imprinting on curved-surface responsive inverse opal polymers.
Allele specific DNAzyme assembly for fast and convenient SNP colorimetric genotyping directly from noninvasive crude samples
Authors: Huang Lizhen , Xia Qianfeng , Zhang Yuhong , Bai Huili , Luo Nini , Xiang Linguo , Ding Shijia , Cheng Wei
Published: December 2018

An allele specific DNAzyme assembly strategy was developed for fast and simple SNP genotyping directly from crude buccal swab samples without DNA extraction and purification.
Bioinspired mineralization of a functionalized injectable dense collagen hydrogel through silk sericin incorporation
Authors: Griffanti Gabriele , Jiang Wenge , Nazhat Showan N.
Published: December 2018

The incorporation of silk sericin into injectable dense collagen hydrogels represents a powerful approach to mimic the biomineralization process, together with the osteogenic stimulation of seeded mesenchymal stem cells,in vitro.
The route towards sustainable production of ethylene glycol from a renewable resource, biodiesel waste: a review
Authors: Kandasamy Shalini , Samudrala Shanthi Priya , Bhattacharya Sankar
Published: December 2018

Ethylene glycol (EG) is a commodity chemical commercially produced via oxidation of the petrochemical-based resource, ethylene.
Energetic C-trinitromethyl-substituted pyrazoles: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Li Yanan , Hu Jianjian , Ge Zhongxue , Sun Chenghui , Pang Siping
Published: December 2018

Three novel C-trinitromethyl-substituted pyrazoles with positive oxygen balances and good detonation properties are reported.
Two platinum(ii) complexes with a 4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole derivative as an ancillary ligand for efficient green OLEDs
Authors: Lu Guang-Zhao , Tu Zhen-Long , Liu Liang , Zheng You-Xuan , Zhao Yue
Published: December 2018

Two efficient green platinum(ii) cyclometalated complexes were applied in organic light-emitting diodes showing good performances with a peak current efficiency of 88.50 cd A−1 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 26.90% with mild efficiency roll-off.
Direct aerobic oxidation of alcohols into esters catalyzed by carbon nanotube–gold nanohybrids
Authors: Gopi Elumalai , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric
Published: December 2018

Gold nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes efficiently catalyze the oxidation of alcohols to methyl esters.
Transparent superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic nanoparticle textured coatings: comparative study of anti-soiling performance
Authors: Jang Gyoung Gug , Smith D. Barton , Polizos Georgios , Collins Liam , Keum Jong K. , Lee Dominic F.
Published: December 2018

The anti-soiling (AS) performance of highly reflective, superhydrophilic (SPH, 0° water contact angle) coated mirrors was characterized and compared with that of superhydrophobic (SP, >165° water contact angle) coated mirrors.
Highly stable enhanced near-infrared amplified spontaneous emission in solution-processed perovskite films by employing polymer and gold nanorods
Authors: Wu Xiao , Jiang Xiao-Fang , Hu Xiaowen , Zhang Ding-Feng , Li Shuang , Yao Xiang , Liu Wangwang , Yip Hin-Lap , Tang Zhilie , Xu Qing-Hua
Published: December 2018

Highly stable enhanced near-infrared amplified spontaneous emission in solution-processed perovskite films by employing polymer and gold nanorods.
Multi-stimuli responsive poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with peripheral N-dialkylaminoethyl carbamate moieties
Authors: Tong Qi-Song , Xu Wei , Huang Qiu-Yue , Zhang Ya-Ru , Shi Xiao-Xiao , Huang Hua , Li Hong-Jun , Du Jin-Zhi , Wang Jun
Published: December 2018

A novel type of multi-stimuli responsive dendrimer with thermo-, pH-, and CO2-responsiveness was developed through facile modification of polyamidoamine dendrimers with various N-dialkylaminoethyl carbamate moieties.
Amino-decorated bis(pyrazolate) metal–organic frameworks for carbon dioxide capture and green conversion into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Vismara Rebecca , Tuci Giulia , Mosca Nello , Domasevitch Kostiantyn V. , Di Nicola Corrado , Pettinari Claudio , Giambastiani Giuliano , Galli Simona , Rossin Andrea
Published: December 2018

The amino-tagged bis(pyrazolate) MOF Zn(BPZNH2) is an excellent CO2 adsorbent and CO2 epoxidation catalyst under green conditions.
Betweenness centrality as predictor for forces in granular packings
Authors: Kollmer Jonathan E. , Daniels Karen E.
Published: December 2018

A load applied to a jammed frictional granular system is localized into a network of force chains making inter-particle connections throughout the system. While this force network is not unique, likely patterns can be predicted using metric known as betweenness centrality.
A theoretical and experimental investigation of the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the structural and conformational properties of bovine β-casein
Authors: Zhou Meng , Xia Yuanyuan , Cao Feng , Li Na , Hemar Yacine , Tang Shangwen , Sun Yang
Published: December 2018

The mechanism of SDS-induced structural change of β-casein has been revealed by molecular dynamics simulations and small angle X-ray scattering.
Intercalated complexes of 1T′-MoS2 nanosheets with alkylated phenylenediamines as excellent catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Kwak In Hye , Kwon Ik Seon , Abbas Hafiz Ghulam , Seo Jaemin , Jung Gabin , Lee Yeron , Kim Doyeon , Ahn Jae-Pyoung , Park Jeunghee , Kang Hong Seok
Published: December 2018

Two-dimensional 1T′ phase MoS2 that was intercalated with a series of alkylated p-phenylenediamines exhibits excellent catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction, supported by first-principles calculations.
Observational signatures of magnetic field structure in relativistic AGN jets
Authors: Prior Christopher , Gourgouliatos Konstantinos N.
Published: December 2018

Context. Active galactic nuclei (AGN) launch highly energetic jets sometimes outshining their host galaxy. These jets are collimated outflows that have been accelerated near a supermassive black hole located at the centre of the galaxy. Their, virtually indispensable, energy reservoir is either due to gravitational energy released from accretion or due to the extraction of kinetic energy from the rotating supermassive black hole itself. In order to channel part of this energy to the jet, though, the presence of magnetic fields is necessary. The extent to which these magnetic fields survive in the jet further from the launching region is under debate. Nevertheless, observations of polarised emission and Faraday rotation measure confirm the existence of large scale magnetic fields in jets.

Aims. Various models describing the origin of the magnetic fields in AGN jets lead to different predictions about the large scale structure of the magnetic field. In this paper we study the observational signatures of different magnetic field configurations that may exist in AGN jets in order to asses what kind of information regarding the field structure can be obtained from radio emission, and what would be missed.

Methods. We explore three families of magnetic field configurations. First, a force-free helical magnetic field corresponding to a dynamically relaxed field in the rest frame of the jet. Second, a magnetic field with a co-axial cable structure arising from the Biermann-battery effect at the accretion disk. Third, a braided magnetic field that could be generated by turbulent motion at the accretion disk. We evaluate the intensity of synchrotron emission, the intrinsic polarization profile and the Faraday rotation measure arising from these fields. We assume that the jet consists of a relativistic spine where the radiation originates from and a sheath containing thermalised electrons responsible for the Faraday screening. We evaluate these values for a range of viewing angles and Lorentz factors. We account for Gaussian beaming that smooths the observed profile.

Results. Radio emission distributions from the jets with dominant large-scale helical fields show asymmetry across their width. The Faraday rotation asymmetry is the same for fields with opposing chirality (handedness). For jets which are tilted towards the observer the synchrotron emission and fractional polarization can distinguish the field’s chirality. When viewed either side-on or at a Blazar type angle only the fractional polarization can make this distinction. Further this distinction can only be made if the direction of the jet propagation velocity is known, along with the location of the jet’s origin. The complex structure of the braided field is found not to be observable due to a combination of line of sight integration and limited resolution of observation. This raises the possibility that, even if asymmetric radio emission signatures are present, the true structure of the field may still be obscure.
Closed Loop „Do-it-Yourself“: Wegbereiter für neue Behandlungsmöglichkeiten des Diabetes?
Authors: Braune Katarina , Thurm Ulrike , Wolf Saskia
Published: December 2018

Eine automatische Dosierung von Insulin, Blutzuckerwerte im Zielbereich und ungestörter Schlaf – ein Traum vieler Menschen mit Diabetes und ihrer Familien, der sich durch die selbst gebaute „künstliche Bauchspeicheldrüse“ bereits für einige erfüllt hat. #WeAreNotWaiting – dahinter steht eine innovative Bewegung engagierter Patienten und Patientinnen und ihrer Angehörigen, die sich ihre Diabetestechnologie selbst erstellen, bis hin zum „Closed Loop“, welcher Insulin je nach Glukosespiegel automatisch dosiert. Da jedes Do-it-Yourself-System ein Selbstexperiment auf eigenes Risiko unter Nutzung eines nicht zugelassenen Produkts ist, ergeben sich zahlreiche Fragestellungen hinsichtlich Sicherheit und Risiken, und auch bezüglich der Haftung bei der Nutzung dieser Systeme. Weiterhin stellt sich aber vor allem auch die zentrale Frage: Warum müssen wir eigentlich so lange auf Closed-Loop-Systeme warten?
The Evidence for Adjunctive Facelift Procedures
Authors: Edmondson Sarah-Jayne , Grover Rajiv , Urso-Baiarda Fulvio
Published: December 2018

Facelift surgery is a popular treatment but exhibits high variation among practitioners in terms of both core technique and adjunctive measures. This review identified significant evidence addressing the role of pre-infiltration, drains, fat grafting, fibrin tissue adhesives, hilotherapy, and other miscellaneous adjuncts. Based on the authors' assessment of the current literature, there is reasonable supportive evidence for pre-infiltration, fat grafting and laser skin resurfacing, which appear to be safe and effective in appropriately selected patients. Drain use is not mandatory but may confer some benefit. Conversely the evidence for the use of fibrin tissue adhesives and hilotherapy is not compelling.
Free Flap Head and Neck Reconstruction with an Emphasis on Postoperative Care
Authors: D'Souza Jacob , King Wendy , Bater Michael , van Gijn Daniel
Published: December 2018

Microsurgical free tissue transfer represents the mainstay of care in both ablative locoregional management and the simultaneous reconstruction of a defect. Advances in microsurgical techniques have helped balance the restoration of both form and function—decreasing the significant morbidity once associated with large ablative, traumatic, or congenital defects—while providing immediate reconstruction enabling early aesthetic and functional rehabilitation. There are a multitude of perioperative measures and considerations that aim to maximize the success of free tissue transfer. These include nutritional support, tight glycemic control, acknowledgment of psychological and psychiatric factors, intraoperative surgical technique, and close postoperative monitoring of the patients' hemodynamic physiology. While the success rates of free tissue transfer in experienced hands are comparable to alternative options, the consequences of flap failure are catastrophic—with the potential for significant patient morbidity, prolonged hospital stay (and associated increased financial implications), and increasingly limited options for further reconstruction. Success is entirely dependent on a continuous arterial inflow and venous outflow until neovascularization occurs. Flap failure is multifactorial and represents a dynamic process from the potentially reversible failing flap to the necrotic irreversibly failed flap—necessitating debridement, prolonged wound care, and ultimately decisions concerned with future reconstruction. The overriding goal of free flap monitoring is therefore the detection of microvascular complications prior to permanent injury occurring—identifying and intervening within that critical period between the failing flap and the failed flap—maximizing the potential for salvage. With continued technique refinement, microvascular free flap reconstruction offers patients the chance for both reliable functional and aesthetic restoration in the face of significant ablative defects. The caveat to this optimism is the requirement for considered perioperative care and the optimization of those factors that may offer the difference between success and failure.
Postoperative Care of the Facial Plastic Surgery Patient—Forehead and Blepharoplasty
Authors: Neves Jose Carlos , Medel Jiménez Ramón , Vásquez Luz María , Arancibia Tagle Diego
Published: December 2018

In any kind of surgery, postoperative care is essential for a good result, but especially when the matter at stake is facial plastic surgery. Despite having performed a perfect surgery, with the least amount of damage to the soft tissues and osteocartilaginous structures, minimal bleeding, and in terms of the surgical time, without adequate postoperative care our results can be affected considerably in the short and long run. Therefore, we must have very clear guidelines regarding postoperative care and the duties of our patients, which should be emphasized during the informed consent of the intervention. It is also essential to comment on the warning signs of postoperative complications, which need to be detected and treated in time to achieve the expected post-surgery results. Before being discharged from the hospital, the patient again receives the postoperative instructions, as well as receiving a paper copy to avoid any possible misunderstandings. In this article, we will detail the postoperative care and complications of brow lift and upper and lower blepharoplasty.
Postoperative Care in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Patients
Authors: Apaydin Fazil , Stanic Lara , Saleh Hesham , Unadkat Samit
Published: December 2018

After rhinoplasty, during the first 24 hours, the patients should be closely monitored for pain and discomfort, nausea and vomiting, and cool compresses must be applied regularly to decrease edema and ecchymosis. In the early postoperative period of the first month, the sutures, cast, and splints are usually removed during the first week. Then the patient is followed-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12-month intervals routinely to observe healing. In the meantime, any kind of intranasal and extranasal complications should be noted. The outcome measures such as ROE, NOSE, or SCHNOS should be used 3 to 6 months after surgery. If the patient is closely followed-up, then any unwanted complication or dissatisfaction can be solved after 6 to 12 months.
Face and Neck Lift—Postoperative Care
Authors: Daoud Mahmoud , Ullas Gautham , Raghavan Ullas
Published: December 2018

Primary aim of the article is a discussion of the postoperative care after face and neck lift. A brief history of face and neck lift along with different techniques are described. Importance of preoperative assessment is stressed.
Postoperative Care in Facial Implants
Authors: Eppley Barry , Perkins Stephen , Floyd Elizabeth
Published: December 2018

Facial augmentation is a growing field, secondary to the appreciation of the changes seen in the facial skeleton with aging and the growing acceptance/popularity of facial fat grafting and facial fillers. In addition, it plays a significant role in patients with congenital facial deficiencies as well as those interested in facial feminization/masculinization surgery. Several facial implants are discussed in this article including classic facial implants such as malar, submalar, chin, and prejowl implants as well as newer facial implants such as mandible, temporal, forehead, and skull implants. Special care is given to the postoperative care of these implants. Custom-made implants with three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction are also discussed
The Military ACL
Authors: Posner Matthew , Tennent David
Published: December 2018

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in the U.S. Military Service members have a 10-fold higher incidence than that of the general population due to the physically demanding aspects of military duties. Although some controversy exists on the specific techniques or reconstruction, these injuries are uniformly reconstructed due to the requirements of their occupation and the effect of these injuries on their future careers. As such, understanding the care of the military Service member's ACL may help optimize the care of the physically active injured knee.
Hexing the discipline: against the reproduction of continental philosophy of religion
Authors: Rose Marika , Smith Anthony Paul
Published: December 2018

There has been a generalised anxiety concerning the future of continental philosophy of religion as a discipline, with a number of books, articles, conferences, and presentations taking up this theme. This anxiety exists because as a discipline continental philosophy of religion lacks a clear claim to an identity. This article analyses the anxiety concerning the future of continental philosophy of religion as an anxiety of reproduction. By locating the philosopher’s anxiety within a wider anxiety of reproduction we begin to understand this anxiety through the queer anti-social critique of Lee Edelman. This anxiety is traced through three processes of reproduction: intellectual reproduction, disciplinary reproduction, and institutional reproduction. The article goes on to sketch out a position against the reproduction of continental philosophy of religion by taking on and celebrating the discipline’s improper nature. Appealing neither to secular reason nor to established traditions, we draw on the Malleus Maleficarum (as read through queer theory and non-philosophy) to craft various models for thought. Here we find abortion prized over the future of the race, miscegenation over blood purity, and impotence and infertility over the sovereign power of the father. These models are explored both in terms of their historical context and as providing a different image of the work that can be carried out in the discipline of continental philosophy of religion. The article concludes by suggesting other perverse lines of relation that may be opened up when one gives up on the reproduction of the discipline.
Quantitative comparison of closed-loop and dual harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques
Authors: Kilpatrick Jason I. , Collins Liam , Weber Stefan A. L. , Rodriguez Brian J.
Published: December 2018

Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a widely used technique to map surface potentials at the nanometer scale. In traditional KPFM, a feedback loop regulates the DC bias applied between a sharp conductive probe and a sample to nullify the electrostatic force (closed-loop operation). In comparison, open-loop techniques such as dual harmonic KPFM (DH-KPFM) are simpler to implement, are less sensitive to artefacts, offer the unique ability to probe voltage sensitive materials, and operate in liquid environments. Here, we directly compare the two techniques in terms of their bandwidth and sensitivity to instrumentation artefacts. Furthermore, we introduce a new correction for traditional KPFM termed “setpoint correction,” which allows us to obtain agreement between open and closed-loop techniques within 1%. Quantitative validation of DH-KPFM may lead to a wider adoption of open-loop KPFM techniques by the scanning probe community.
Contributed Review: The saga of neutrinoless double beta decay search with TeO2 thermal detectors
Authors: Brofferio Chiara , Dell’Oro Stefano
Published: December 2018

Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) is a direct probe of physics beyond the standard model. Its discovery would demonstrate that the lepton number is not a symmetry of nature and would provide us with unique information on the nature and mass of the neutrinos. Among the experimental techniques employed in the investigation of this rare process, thermal detectors fulfill the requirements for a powerful search, showing an excellent energy resolution and the possibility of scaling to very large masses. In this work, we review the long chain of bolometric experiments based on TeO2 crystals that were and continue to be carried out at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy), searching for 0νββ of 130Te. We illustrate the progress and improvements achieved in almost thirty years of measurements and compare the various performance and results. We describe the several steps that led to the CUORE detector, the latest of this series and presently in data taking, and we highlight the challenges that a next bolometric experiment will face in order to further improve the sensitivity, especially concerning the background abatement. Finally, we emphasize the advantages of 130Te in the search for 0νββ with a further future experiment.
Note: Temperature compensation of time-of-flight light detection and ranging (LiDAR) using feedback control of signal-to-noise ratio of photodetector
Authors: Won Bumsik , Jang Junhwan , Hwang Sungui , Park Kyihwan
Published: December 2018

Time-of-flight-based two-dimensional and three-dimensional light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications have recently been implemented in several industries because of their high-precision measuring capabilities over long distances in outdoor environments. Avalanche photodetectors (APDs) are commonly used for LiDARs because of their high internal gain that significantly amplifies a measured signal. However, the magnitude of the measured signal changes significantly with temperature variations, owing to the temperature dependent characteristics of the APD. In this study, a temperature compensation method, in which a bias voltage of the APD is adjusted for temperature changes using signal-to-noise ratio feedback control, is proposed to solve the problem. This method has the advantage of a simple hardware configuration, without using a conventionally considered cooler.