bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jugular venous congestion during off‐pump lung transplantation is not associated with an increased risk of postoperative delirium
Authors: Mubashir Talha , Wanderer Jonathan P. , Lambright Eric S. , Morse Jennifer , Zaki John , Choi Warren , Eltzschig Holger K. , Liang Yafen
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Delirium occurs frequently after lung transplantation and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Significantly prolonged jugular venous congestion (JVC) occurs during off‐pump lung transplantation and is thought to impair cerebral perfusion. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that increased intraoperative JVC is associated with an increased risk of postoperative delirium among lung transplantation recipients.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational cohort study. Adult patients who received off‐pump lung transplantation at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center between 2006 and 2016 are included. The magnitude of JVC was calculated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the central venous pressure (CVP) above the threshold of 12 mmHg. Postoperative delirium was assessed by Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM‐ICU) criteria during their ICU stay. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the association of intraoperative JVC with postoperative delirium, adjusting for baseline demographics, surgical, and intraoperative characteristics.

Results

Thirty‐two (23.5%) out of 136 patients developed delirium in the ICU. There was no statistical difference in terms of intraoperative JVC between patients with delirium and those without (4058 ± 6650 vs. 3495 ± 10 151 mmHg min; p = .772). Furthermore, during multivariate regression analysis, JVC was not associated with an increased risk of delirium (odds ratio: 1.03 per 100 mmHg min increase in venous congestion; 95% confidence interval: .31, 3.39; p = .96).

Conclusions

Delirium occurred frequently after off‐pump lung transplantation. Although physiologically plausible, the present study did not find an association between increased JVC during off‐pump lung transplantation and an increased risk of postoperative delirium.
Intensive ultrafiltration strategy restores kidney transplant candidacy for patients with echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Earasi Kranthikiran , Mihaltses John , Kennedy Jamie L. W. , Rao Swati , Holsten Laura , Mazimba Sula , Doyle Alden , Mihalek Andrew D.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is prevalent in those with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) and poses a barrier to kidney transplant due to its association with poor outcomes. Studies examining these adverse outcomes are limited and often utilize echocardiographic measurements of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) instead of the gold standard right heart catheterization (RHC). We hypothesized that in ESKD patients deemed ineligible for kidney transplant because of an echocardiographic diagnosis of PH the predominant cause of PH is hypervolemia and is potentially reversible.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study of 16 patients with ESKD who were denied transplant candidacy. Prior echocardiograms and RHCs were reviewed for confirmation of PH. Patients were admitted for daily sessions of ultrafiltration for volume removal and repeat RHCs were performed following intervention. RHC parameters and body weight were compared before and after intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using PRISM GraphPad software. Ap‐value <.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Following intervention, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure decreased from 45.0 ± 3.06 to 29.1 ± 7.77 mmHg (p < .0001) and 22.2 ± 5.06 to 13.1 ± 7.25 mmHg (p = .003), respectively. The pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 4.73 ± 1.99 to 4.28 ± 2.07 WU (p = .30). Eleven patients from the initial cohort underwent successful kidney transplantation post‐intervention with 100% survival at 1‐year.

Conclusions

In ESKD patients, diagnoses of PH made by echocardiography may be largely due to hypervolemia and may be optimized using an intensive ultrafiltration strategy to restore transplant candidacy.
1029. PRUNUS MUME: Rosaceae
Authors: Moore Richard , Yoneda Kaoru
Published: August 2022

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc., a beautiful winter flowering tree with exquisite, scented flowers foretelling the arrival of spring, is illustrated; its introduction, horticultural merits and cultivation are discussed. It is native to southwest China and widely cultivated across East Asia both for its value as an ornamental tree and for its edible fruits.
1039 ZAMIA DECUMBENS: Cycadales, Zamiaceae
Authors: Herrera‐Blitman Natalia , Calonje Michael , Meerman Jan , Aguilar Rudy , Meerow Alan W. , Francisco‐Ortega Javier , Griffith M. Patrick
Published: August 2022

Zamia decumbens Calonje, Meerman, M.P.Griff. & Hoese, a threatened cycad species from Belize, is showcased and illustrated based on field observations as well as plants cultivated in the ex situ conservation living collections of Montgomery Botanical Center (MBC) in Coral Gables, Florida. This once obscure species was described in 2009, studied in the field, and introduced into ex situ conservation collections at MBC and other botanical gardens around the world. At MBC, the living collection of Z. decumbens plants has been used to conduct additional research to advance further our knowledge about cycads and to develop guidelines for building living plant collections in support of conservation. In this contribution we discuss this species and its cultivation at the ex situ conservation collection at MBC, using it to illustrate the important role botanical gardens can play in protecting threatened species and advancing our knowledge about them.
ANTWERP PRATT AND HIS PLANT COLLECTIONS
Authors: Kilpatrick Jane , Harmer Jennifer
Published: August 2022

The Chinese plant collections of Antwerp Edgar Pratt (1852–1924), are discussed. His early life and travels to Tachien‐lu (Kangding) in 1889 are described. As one of the first European botanists to visit this area, he collected many previously undescribed species.
1037. CAMELLIA YUNNANENSIS VAR CAMELLIOIDES: Theaceae
Authors: Rix Martyn , King Christabel
Published: August 2022

The winter‐flowering Camellia yunnanensis var. camellioides is illustrated. Its origin and cultivation are discussed.
Biologics for pediatric moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang I‐Hsin , Yu Chia‐Ling , Tai Cheng‐Chen , Tu Yu‐Kang , Chi Ching‐Chi
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives

To compare the efficacy and safety of biologic treatments for moderate‐to‐severe pediatric psoriasis approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency.

Patients and Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched for the identification of eligible RCTs until May 7, 2021. Fixed‐effect frequentist network meta‐analysis (NMA) was performed with the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) calculated for ranking. Our primary outcomes included ≥ 90 % improvement of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score (PASI 90) at 12–16 weeks and discontinuation owing to adverse events (DAE) through the first 12–16 weeks.

Results

Five RCTs involving 798 pediatric psoriasis patients were included. Compared to placebo, all biologic regimens exhibited a significantly higher PASI 90 response but did not differ in the risk for DAE. Based on the SUCRA, secukinumab‐low dose (SEC‐L) ranked first in the achieved PASI 90 response (84.7 %), followed by ixekizumab (70.8 %).

Conclusions

Among all biologic treatments, SEC‐L showed the best PASI 90 response without increasing the risk for DAE. More long‐term studies are warranted.
Genome‐wide analysis resolves the radiation of New Zealand's freshwater Galaxias vulgaris complex and reveals a candidate species obscured by mitochondrial capture
Authors: Campbell Ciaran S. M. , Dutoit Ludovic , King Tania M. , Craw Dave , Burridge Christopher P. , Wallis Graham P. , Waters Jonathan M.
Published: August 2022

Aim

Freshwater fish radiations are often characterized by multiple closely related species in close proximity, which can lead to introgression and associated discordance of mitochondrial and nuclear characterizations of species diversity. As a case in point, single locus nuclear versus mitochondrial analyses of New Zealand's stream‐resident Galaxias vulgaris complex have yielded conflicting phylogenies. Our goal is to use genome‐wide divergence patterns among these fishes to evaluate the potential role of mitochondrial capture in obscuring species diversity, and to understand how ancient and anthropogenic drainage modification explain this diversity.

Location

Freshwater ecosystems of New Zealand.

Methods

We generate and analyse a genome‐wide dataset comprising 52,352 SNPs across 187 Galaxias specimens to resolve the phylogeny of this recent fish radiation. We conduct phylogenetic, PCA, STRUCTURE, and ABBA‐BABA analyses to evaluate the evolutionary relationships of lineages in the context of natural and anthropogenic river drainage alterations.

Results

In addition to the 11 previously recognized stream‐resident lineages, genome‐wide data reveal a twelfth candidate species (G. ‘Pomahaka’), apparently obscured by introgressive mitochondrial capture. We identify additional examples of mito‐nuclear discordance and putative mitochondrial capture, likely mediated by geological and anthropogenic modification of drainage boundaries.

Main conclusions

Our study highlights the need for genome‐wide approaches for delimiting freshwater biodiversity. Genetic data also reveal the influence of drainage history on freshwater biodiversity, including the rapid divergence of recently fragmented fish populations, and the conservation genetic risks of anthropogenic translocations events.
Preschool language and visuospatial skills respectively predict multiplication and addition/subtraction skills in middle school children
Authors: Guez Ava , Piazza Manuela , Pinheiro‐Chagas Pedro , Peyre Hugo , Heude Barbara , Ramus Franck
Published: August 2022

A converging body of evidence from neuroimaging, behavioral, and neuropsychology studies suggests that different arithmetic operations rely on distinct neuro‐cognitive processes: while addition and subtraction may rely more on visuospatial reasoning, multiplication would depend more on verbal abilities. In this paper, we tested this hypothesis in a longitudinal study measuring language and visuospatial skills in 358 preschoolers, and testing their mental calculation skills at the beginning of middle school. Language skills at 5.5 years significantly predicted multiplication, but not addition nor subtraction scores at 11.5 years. Conversely, early visuospatial skills predicted addition and subtraction, but not multiplication scores. These results provide strong support for the existence of a double dissociation in mental arithmetic operations, and demonstrate the existence of long‐lasting links between language/visuospatial skills and specific calculation abilities.
The influence of vestibular system and fetal presentation on handedness, cognitive and motor development: A comparison between cephalic and breech presentation
Authors: Hamaoui Jad , Stefaniak Nicolas , Segond Hervé
Published: August 2022

Genetics are undoubtedly implicated in the ontogenesis of laterality. Nonetheless, environmental factors, such as the intrauterine environment, may also play a role in the development of functional and behavioral lateralization. The aim of this study was to test the Left‐Otolithic Dominance Theory (LODT; Previc, 1991) by investigating a hypothetical developmental pattern where it is assumed that a breech presentation, which is putatively associated with a dysfunctional and weakly lateralized vestibular system, can lead to weak handedness and atypical development associated with language and motor difficulties. We used the ALSPAC cohort of children from 7 to 10 years of age to conduct our investigation. Our results failed to show an association between the vestibular system and fetal presentation, nor any influence of the latter on hand preference, hand performance, or language and motor development. Bayesian statistical analyses supported these findings. Contrary to our LODT‐derived hypotheses, this study offers evidence that fetal presentation does not influence the vestibular system's lateralization and seems to be a poor indicator for handedness. Nonetheless, we found that another non‐genetic factor, prematurity, could lead to atypical development of handedness.
A randomized, double‐blind, crossover study of the effect of the fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin on glucose levels and insulin sensitivity in young men and women
Authors: Juhl Christian R. , Burgdorf Josephine , Knudsen Cecilie , Lubberding Anniek F. , Veedfald Simon , Isaksen Jonas L. , Hartmann Bolette , Frikke‐Schmidt Ruth , Mandrup‐Poulsen Thomas , Holst Jens J. , Kanters Jørgen K. , Torekov Signe S.
Published: August 2022

Aim

The voltage‐gated potassium channel Kv11.1 is important for repolarizing the membrane potential in excitable cells such as myocytes, pancreatic α‐ and β‐cells. Moxifloxacin blocks the Kv11.1 channel and increases the risk of hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes. We investigated glucose regulation and secretion of glucoregulatory hormones in young people with and without moxifloxacin, a drug known to block the Kv11.1 channel.

Materials and Methods

The effect of moxifloxacin (800 mg/day for 4 days) or placebo on glucose regulation was assessed in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover study of young men and women (age 20‐40 years and body mass index 18.5‐27.5 kg/m2) without chronic disease, using 6‐h oral glucose tolerance tests and continuous glucose monitoring.

Results

Thirty‐eight participants completed the study. Moxifloxacin prolonged the QTcF interval and increased heart rate. Hypoglycaemia was more frequently observed with moxifloxacin, both during the 8 days of continuous glucose monitoring and during the oral glucose tolerance tests. Hypoglycaemia questionnaire scores were higher after intake of moxifloxacin. Moxifloxacin reduced the early plasma‐glucose response (AUC0‐30 min) by 7% (95% CI: −9% to −4%, p < .01), and overall insulin response (AUC0‐360 min) decreased by 18% (95% CI: −24% to −11%, p < .01) and plasma glucagon increased by 17% (95% CI: 4%‐33%, p = .03). Insulin sensitivity calculated as the Matsuda index increased by 11%, and MISI, an index of muscle insulin sensitivity, increased by 34%.

Conclusions

In young men and women, moxifloxacin, a drug known to block the Kv11.1 channel, increased QT interval, decreased glucose levels and was associated with increased muscle insulin sensitivity and more frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia.
Comparing a knowledge‐based 3D reconstruction algorithm to TomTec 3D echocardiogram algorithm in measuring left cardiac chamber volumes in the pediatric population
Authors: Ahmad Attila , Shigemitsu Sachie , Termachi Yozo , Windram Jonathan , Khoo Nee , Colen Tim , Eckersley Luke
Published: August 2022

Background

Three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is an emerging method for volumetric cardiac measurements; however, few vendor‐neutral analysis packages exist. Ventripoint Medical System Plus (VMS3.0+) proprietary software utilizes a validated Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) database of normal ventricular and atrial morphologies to calculate chamber volumes. This study aimed to compare left ventricular (LV) and atrial (LA) volumes obtained using VMS3.0+ to Tomtec echocardiography analysis software.

Methods

Healthy controls (n = 98) aged 0–18 years were prospectively recruited and 3D DICOM datasets focused on the LV and LA acquired. LV and LA volumes and ejection fractions were measured using TomTec Image Arena 3D LV analysis package and using VMS3.0+. Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland–Altman's plots, and intraclass coefficients (ICC) were calculated, along with analysis time.

Results

There was a very good correlation between Ventripoint Medical System (VMS) and Tomtec LV systolic (r2 = .88, ICC .89 [95% CI .81, .94]), and diastolic (r2 = .88, ICC .90 [95% CI .77, .95]) volumes, and between VMS and Tomtec LA diastolic (r2 = .75, ICC .89 [95% CI .81, .93]) and systolic (r2 = .88, ICC .91 [95% CI .78, .96]) volumes on linear regression models. Natural log transformations eliminated heteroscedasticity, and power transformations provided the best fit. The time (mins) to analyze volumes using VMS were less than using Tomtec (LV VMS 2.3 ± .5, Tomtec 3.3 ± .8, p < .001; LA: VMS 1.9 ± .4, Tomtec 3.4 ± 1.0, p < .001).

Conclusions

There was a very good correlation between knowledge‐based (VMS3.0+) and 3D (Tomtec) algorithms when measuring 3D echocardiography‐derived LA and LV volumes in pediatric patients. VMS was slightly faster than Tomtec in analyzing volumetric measurements.
Assessment of left ventricular function by spatio‐temporal image correlation in fetuses with fetal growth restriction
Authors: Ziyu Tao
Published: August 2022

Aim

To compare the evaluation of left ventricular function by spatio‐temporal image correlation (STIC) between fetal growth restriction (FGR) fetuses and normal fetuses.

Methods

Forty‐two FGR fetuses and 50 normal fetuses with gestational age ranging from 28 to 35 weeks, were chosen for the study group and control group, respectively. The fetal heart was acquired using the STIC modality, beginning with a four‐chamber view. A 7.5–12.5 s acquisition time and 20–35°angle of the acquisition were used for the acquisition. The resulting STIC dataset was saved for offline analysis. Ventricular volumes were measured using the Virtual Organ Computer‐aided Analysis (VOCAL) mode, where the observer defines the contours of the ventricle and traces the endocardia. Stroke volume (SV) = end diastolic volume (EDV)−end systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) = SV/EDV × 100%. The data of the two groups were analyzed.

Results

(1) SV increased with fetal growth in both groups and was positively correlated with gestational age (p < .01), whereas EF remained constant throughout gestation and had no correlation with gestational age (p > .05). (2) There was no difference found in EF between the two groups, (p > .05), SV was significantly lower in FGR group than those in the normal group (p < .01).

Conclusion

The STIC is a precise method for calculating fetal ventricular volume changes and functions. Reduced SV occurred at the initial stage of fetal deterioration before the discovery of abnormal EF in FGR fetuses, indicating cardiac dysfunction. SV could be a sensitive indicator of cardiac dysfunction. The use of EF to assess fetal cardiac function is not perfect.
Transthoracic echocardiography for arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse: Phenotypic characterization as first step
Authors: Vriz Olga , Eltayeb Abdulla , Landi Irene , Anwar Kashif , Alenazy Ali , Hiristova Krassimira , Kasprzak Jarek , D'Andrea Antonello , Amro Bandar , Limongelli Giuseppe , Bossone Eduardo , Imazio Massimo
Published: August 2022

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most frequent valvulopathy with a prevalence of 1.2%–2.4% in general population and it is characterized by a benign course. Although it can be associated with some complications, ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) as ultimate expressions, are the most worrying. The estimated risk of SCD in MVP is between 0.2% and 1.9% per year including both MVP patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction due to severe MR and MVP patients without significant MR. The latter ones constitute a particular phenotype called “malignant MVP” characterized by bileaflet myxomatous prolapse, ECG repolarization abnormalities and complex VAs (c‐VAs) with polymorphic/right bundle branch block morphology (RBBB) and LV fibrosis of the papillary muscles (PMs) and inferobasal wall secondary to mechanical stretching visualized as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) areas by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). In MVP, the first diagnostic approach is transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) that defines the presence of mitral annular disjunction (MAD) which seems to be associated with “arrhythmic MVP” (AMVP). From an ECG point of view, AMVP is characterized by frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) arising from one or both PMs, fascicular tissue, and outflow tract, as well as by T‐wave inversion in the inferolateral leads. The aim of the present paper is to describe TTE red flags that could identify MVP patients at high risk to develop complex arrhythmias as supported by the corresponding findings of LGE‐CMR and anatomy studies. TTE could be a co‐partner in phenotyping high‐risk arrhythmic MVP patients.
Activated prothrombin complex concentrate to treat bleeding events in acquired hemophilia A: BAHAS study
Authors: Mingot‐Castellano María E. , García‐Candel Faustino , Benítez‐Hidalgo Olga , Marco Ana , Méndez Navarro Gala A. , Pérez‐Montes Rocío , García Donas Gloria , Canaro Mariana , Paloma María J. , Asenjo Beatríz , Calle‐Gordo Victoria M. , González Noelia P. , Rodríguez González Ramón , Caparrón‐Miranda Isabel S. , Quintana París Laura , Herrero Sonia , Nuñez Ramiro
Published: August 2022

Objective

Activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) is a bypassing agent indicated to treat bleeds in patients with acquired hemophilia A (AHA). Nevertheless, its efficacy and safety in the real‐world setting have not often been addressed.

Methods

We report the experience of Spanish reference centers for coagulation disorders and from acquired hemophilia Spanish Registry (AHASR) from August 2012 to February 2021. Follow‐up period of 30 days after aPCC withdrawal.

Results

Thirty patients with a median age of 70 years old, suffering from 51 bleeds treated with aPCC were finally evaluated. As first‐line treatment, aPCC stopped bleeding in 13 of 14 (92.9%) cases. aPCC as the second line after recombinant factor VIIa failure, stopped bleeding in all cases. In 17 patients, aPCC was used far from initial bleed control as prophylaxis of rebleeding with 94% effectiveness. No thromboembolic episodes were communicated. One patient developed hypofibrinogenemia, which did not prevent aPCC from halting bleeding. No other serious adverse events possibly or probably associated with aPCC were reported.

Conclusions

This data support aPCC as hemostatic treatment in AHA with high effectiveness and excellent safety profile in acute bleeds and as extended use to prevent rebleedings, even in aging people with high cardiovascular risk.
Ecological lags govern the pace and outcome of plant community responses to 21st‐century climate change
Authors: Block Sebastián , Maechler Marc‐Jacques , Levine Jacob I. , Alexander Jake M. , Pellissier Loïc , Levine Jonathan M.
Published: August 2022

Forecasting the trajectories of species assemblages in response to ongoing climate change requires quantifying the time lags in the demographic and ecological processes through which climate impacts species' abundances. Since experimental climate manipulations are typically abrupt, the observed species responses may not match their responses to gradual climate change. We addressed this problem by transplanting alpine grassland turfs to lower elevations, recording species' demographic responses to climate and competition, and using these data to parameterise community dynamics models forced by scenarios of gradual climate change. We found that shifts in community structure following an abrupt climate manipulation were not simply accelerated versions of shifts expected under gradual warming, as the former missed the transient rise of species benefiting from moderate warming. Time lags in demography and species interactions controlled the pace and trajectory of changing species' abundances under simulated 21st‐century climate change, and thereby prevented immediate diversity loss.
Structural insight into the ScribblePDZdomains interaction with the oncogenic Human T‐cell lymphotrophic virus‐1 (HTLV‐1) Tax1PBM
Authors: Javorsky Airah , Maddumage Janesha C. , Mackie Emily R. R. , Soares da Costa Tatiana P. , Humbert Patrick O. , Kvansakul Marc
Published: August 2022

Scribble (Scrib) is a highly conserved cell polarity regulator that harbours potent tumour suppressor activity and plays an important role in cell migration. Dysregulation of polarity is associated with poor prognosis during viral infections. Human T‐cell lymphotrophic virus‐1 (HTLV‐1) encodes for the oncogenic Tax1 protein, a modulator of the transcription of viral and human proteins that can cause cell cycle dysregulation as well as a loss of genomic integrity. Previous studies established that Scribble interacts with Tax1 via its C‐terminal PDZ‐binding motif (PBM), leading to aggregation of polarity regulators and subsequent perturbation of host cell adhesion, proliferation, and signalling. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we now show that all four PDZ domains of Scribble bind to Tax1 PBM. We then determined crystal structures of Scribble PDZ1, PDZ2 and PDZ3 domains bound to Tax1 PBM. Our findings establish a structural basis for Tax1‐mediated subversion of Scribble‐mediated cell polarity signalling and provide the platform for mechanistic studies to examine Tax1 induced mislocalization of Scribble and the associated changes in cellular architecture and subsequent tumorigenesis.
Heterogeneity‐Driven Hydrodynamics Conditions the Hydrochemistry of Spring Water in Volcanic Islands
Authors: García‐Gil Alejandro , Poncela Poncela Roberto , Skupien Balon Elzbieta , Morales González‐Moro Ángel , Lario‐Báscones Rafael J. , Marazuela Miguel Ángel , Cruz‐Pérez Noelia , Santamarta Juan C.
Published: August 2022

Perched aquifers represent significant unexploited groundwater reserves in volcanic islands and contain valuable freshwater resources. These water reserves provide critical resources to indigenous populations suffering water scarcity. Groundwater discharged from a perched aquifer into two adjacent (14 m) springs in the volcanic summits constituted by basaltic and pyroclastic deposits of Gran Canaria Island (Spain) was examined. Based on springs discharge data, a three‐dimensional groundwater flow and solute transport model of the investigated perched aquifer was calibrated to reproduce its hydraulic regime, as well as to explain the hydrochemical and isotopic composition of its main discharge systems, the studied springs. Groundwater flow simulations effectively replicated flow paths of the two springs affected by the existing geological heterogeneities, with differential travel times of 246 and 130 years, respectively, and with a convergent flow toward them partially explaining the averaged differences in electrical conductivity, δ18O, and tritium observed between the springs. It can be concluded that, although water quality in both springs is similar and homogenous, as they come from the same aquifer system, geological heterogeneities in the upper elevation volcanic areas is likely the cause for the differences in the residence times of the two springs, which suggests that the flow regimes for the two springs are independent. The chemistry of the two springs, however, is essentially the same, with the exception of tritium, which is used to ascertain residence time.
Origin and evolution of the Paleo‐Kuril arc inferred from detrital zircon U–Pb chronology in eastern Hokkaido, NE Asia
Authors: Nanayama Futoshi , Yamasaki Toru , Kanamatsu Toshiya , Iwano Hideki , Danhara Tohru , Hirata Takafumi
Published: August 2022

The Nemuro and Saroma Groups and Yusenkyo Formation occur in eastern Hokkaido and are considered to be forearc or intra‐arc basin sediments of the Paleo‐Kuril arc (PKA) deposited during the Late Cretaceous to middle Eocene. To further clarify the origin of the PKA, we examined the U–Pb ages of detrital zircons within these sandstones and acidic tuff beds; based on our results, we drew the following conclusions. (1) The PKA originated from an oceanic island arc on the oceanic Izanagi Plate around 85 Ma, to which the Nikoro Group greenstone complex was accreted between 81–80 Ma; the Lowest Unit of the Saroma Group covered the surface of the Nikoro accretional greenstone complex. (2) The PKA then first collided with NE Asia around the beginning of the deposition of the Hamanaka Formation (~70 Ma) and transitioned to a continental arc adjacent to NE Asia. This collision generated giant slump beds during deposition of the Akkeshi Formation. During deposition of the Kiritappu Formation, the entire Nemuro Peninsula was uplifted, supplying large volumes of clastic sediments. (3) Although we do not have data directly bearing on why the North American Plate was established in the edge of NE Asia, we speculate that it separated from the Eurasian continent around ~70 Ma when NE Asia first collided with the PKA. Subsequently, the PKA has behaved as part of the North American Plate. The Paleo‐Japan arc (or East Sikhote–Alin arc) and the PKA became joined via the Hidaka Belt. Around 40 Ma, during the deposition of coarse conglomerate beds of the Urahoro Group, the PKA was uplifted and bent clockwise due to a second collision with NE Asia. (4) The modern Kuril arc was established around 36 Ma (late Eocene–early Oligocene), and the Kuril backarc basin opened into the present tectonic setting in the late Oligocene–early Miocene.
Middle Devonian ostracods from the Naidaijin Formation, Kurosegawa belt, Kyushu, Japan: Paleoecological and paleogeographical significance
Authors: Tanaka Gengo
Published: August 2022

This study reports five ostracod taxa from the Middle Devonian Naidaijin Formation, Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan comprising shelf‐nearshore beyrichiid and bairdiocypridoid species, and two species of Bairdia. This is the first report of ostracod fossils from the Devonian strata in the Kurosegawa belt. Most analyzed fossils are the same species as those found in the Middle Devonian strata of Yunnan and Guangxi provinces in South China, indicating that the Kurosegawa belt of Kyushu shared biogeographical affinities with the palaeo‐equatorial South China paleocontinent.
Solution combustion synthesis of CeO2powders and its application in water treatment
Authors: Wang Zichen , Zhao Junfeng , Yin Shilong
Published: August 2022

CeO2powders were synthesized via a solution combustion method. The product was characterized by X‐ray diffraction scanning electron microscope, and BET surface area analysis. The results indicated that the CeO2powders present a foaming state with a surface area of 28.17 m2g–1. The adsorption performance of the CeO2powders was tested toward the removal of typical pollutants of Cr(VI) and Congo red (CR). The results showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) and CR onto CeO2powders followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, with an adsorption capacity of 5.69 mg g–1and 35.51 mg g–1, respectively.
Multicriteria optimization as enabler for Sustainable Ceramic Matrix Composites
Authors: Schneider Tobias , Wietschel Lars , Schüppel Denny , Riesner Jonas , Konrad Kevin , Thorenz Andrea , Tuma Axel , Koch Dietmar
Published: August 2022

Over the past 40 years, development of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) has focused mainly on the improvement of material performance and optimization of cost‐efficient production routes. Recently, more fields of application have opened up for CMCs, in which environmental impacts are relevant. These impacts have barely been investigated so far but receive growing interest due to increasing awareness of the environmental consequences. Our innovative approach frames material properties in relation to environmental impacts (e.g., global warming potential in CO2 emission) by varying process parameters to balance optimum performance against environmental considerations. First, the process of wet filament winding has been investigated up to the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) state by changing both the curing and tempering temperatures. During the production of CFRP plates, mass and energy flows were tracked in each step. Three point‐bending and interlaminar shear tests have been performed on the resulting samples to identify basic mechanical properties. The environmental impacts are determined by a cradle‐to‐gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), using the software SimaPro. The resulting tradeoffs between mechanical properties and environmental impacts show nonlinear behavior, thus revealing optimum points above which improved mechanical properties are associated with significantly higher CO2 emissions.
Characterization of cordierite based h‐BN doped ceramics as an electronic substrate/circuit board material
Authors: Tekin C. , Ercenk E. , Yılmaz Ş. , Demirkıran A. Ş.
Published: August 2022

In this study, h‐BN was added to the cordierite composition obtained from zeolite, which was prepared by the determined stoichiometry to facilitate machinability and increase thermal conductivity. Sintering behavior, hardness, machinability, and thermal/electrical properties of the samples obtained by sintering the compounds at different times were investigated. Thanks to these features, it is aimed to use cordierite as an alternative material to integrated circuit substrates and electronic packaging materials. The produced samples were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction analysis, examined by scanning electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Afterward, thermal properties such as thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and electrical properties such as electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity were measured. The hardness and machinability of samples were investigated. Cordierite, spinel, glassy phase, and h‐BN phase were detected, and it was observed that the blocky cordierite grains turned into equiaxed grains with the increase of the h‐BN. According to the results obtained from the thermal conductivity test, it was seen that the h‐BN additive increased the thermal conductivity value in general. In addition, it was determined that with the increase of h‐BN, the hardness decreased, and the machinability properties of the samples improved.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 rs2285666 polymorphism and clinical parameters as the determinants of COVID‐19 severity in Iranian population
Authors: Khalilzadeh Fereshteh , Sakhaee Fatemeh , Sotoodehnejadnematalahi Fattah , Zamani Mohammad Saber , Ahmadi Iraj , Anvari Enayat , Fateh Abolfazl
Published: August 2022

Host genetic factors may be correlated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a vital role in viral cell entrance. The current study aimed to evaluate the association of ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism and clinical parameters with COVID‐19 mortality. The ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism in 556 recovered and 522 dead patients. In this study, the frequency of ACE2 rs2285666 CC was significantly higher than TT genotype in dead patients. The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C‐reactive protein and the low levels of uric acid, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, real‐time PCR Ct values, and ACE2 rs2285666 CC genotype were associated with increased mortality rates after COVID‐19. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated a possible link between COVID‐19 mortality, clinical parameters, and ACE2 rs2285666 CC. Further research is required to confirm these results.
Apprenticeships: The problem of attractiveness and the hindrance of heterogeneity
Authors: Smith Erica
Published: August 2022

This paper examines a question posed in 2019 in theInternational Journal on Training and Development: ‘How do we solve a problem like apprenticeship?’ Data sources covering a substantial number of countries are used to present findings on, and analyse, initiatives that have been implemented or that have been considered, and then to develop some analytical constructs to help address the question. Fundamental issues such as the status of vocational education and training and the status of apprenticed occupations are important, but the nature of the apprenticeship arrangements, within countries and within industries are also major factors affecting perceived attractiveness. The paper therefore argues that the heterogeneity of apprenticeship systems and arrangements is a major barrier to solving the attractiveness problem. Moreover, the heterogeneity of potential apprenticeship applicants means that marketing campaigns or other efforts to attract more, and higher quality, apprentices need to be cognisant of individuals’ backgrounds, characteristics, and aspirations. Some tentative ways of addressing these matters are presented, but the conclusion is that the topic needs large‐scale research.
Neutron irradiation effect on amorphous porous silica
Authors: Feng Qingyi , Deng Hongxiang , Wang Biyi , li Bo , Xiang Xia , Li Li , Yuan Xiaodong , Zheng Wanguo , Yang Hongdong , Li Sean , Zu Xiaotao
Published: August 2022

Porous silica is widely used as antireflection films in inertial confinement fusion facilities and be irradiated by high fluence neutron. To date, the neutron irradiation effect of amorphous porous silica is still unclear. In this paper, we give a comprehensive insight into neutron irradiation effect on microstructure, mechanical, and optical properties of porous silica under 14 MeV neutron irradiation by using molecular dynamics and density‐functional theory‐based methods. We find that, for microstructure, neutron irradiation elongates Si–O bond distance, obviously reduces the max value of Si–O–Si bond angle, coordination number distribution, and increases Si3+ and non‐bridging oxygen defects. The bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young's modulus are all obviously reduced due to neutron irradiation, but Poisson's ratio changes relatively small. The light transmittance is reduced, and the optical absorption coefficient is increased after neutron irradiation, especially in the photon energy range of 3–4 eV, which is detrimental to the resistance of laser‐induced damage. Moreover, we find that neutron irradiation has more influence on high‐porosity porous silica than low‐porosity porous silica, which is mainly due to the higher defect percentage in high porosity. Present work is expected to be valuable in the study of degradation mechanism of nuclear material under neutron radiation.
Intercalation‐assisted massive phase transformation: The key to SHS synthesis?
Authors: Pawar Milind , Gouma Pelagia‐Irene
Published: August 2022

Self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) is the term used for a spontaneous, irreversible combustion of initial reagents when ignited. There is limited knowledge of the mechanistics of this versatile materials synthesis process for Chevrel phase compounds (CPCs), which limits its applicability. In this report, the successful and rapid processing of three classes of sulfide CPCs via SHS is demonstrated, and a mechanism is provided to explain rapid transformation rates and nanostructured products that are fully transformed. Cu4Mo6S8, Ni2Mo6S8, and Fe2Mo6S8 compounds were synthesized, and thermochemical measurements revealed that an overall reaction temperature did not surpass the melting points of the reactants. The nature of the specific SHS process is argued here to involve an intercalation‐assisted massive phase transformation facilitated by the use of an MoS2 precursor.
Mechanism‐based tuning of room‐temperature ferromagnetism in Mn‐doped β‐Ga2O3 by annealing atmosphere
Authors: Dai Xu , Zhang Xi , Xiang Gang
Published: August 2022

Mn‐doped β‐Ga2O3 (GMO) films with room‐temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) are synthesized by polymer‐assisted deposition, and the effects of annealing atmosphere (air or pure O2 gas) on their structures and physical properties are investigated. The characterizations show that the concentrations of vacancy defects and Mn dopants in various valence states and lattice constants of the samples are all modulated by the annealing atmosphere. Notably, the samples annealed in air (GMO–air) exhibit a saturation magnetization as strong as 170% times that of the samples annealed in pure O2 gas (GMO–O2), which can be quantitatively explained by oxygen vacancy (VO)‐controlled ferromagnetism due to bound magnetic polarons established between delocalized hydrogenic electrons of VOs and local magnetic moments of Mn2+, Mn3+, and Mn4+ ions in the samples. Our results provide insights into mechanism‐based tuning of RTFM in Ga2O3 and may be useful for design, fabrication, and application of related spintronic materials.
Robust room‐temperature ferroelectricity and magnetoelectric coupling effect in epitaxial CaTiO3/SmFeO3 thin films
Authors: Liu Mei Ying , Sun Tu Lai , Gao Ting Ting , Bian Zhi Ping , Luo Zhen Lin , Liu Xiao Qiang , Chen Xiang Ming
Published: August 2022

SmFeO3 has received the increasing scientific attention as a promising room‐temperature single‐phase multiferroic material with great application potential in the next‐generation spintronic devices. However, the ferroelectricity of SmFeO3 has remained as a controversial issue. In the present work, high resistivity incipient ferroelectric CaTiO3 was introduced as a charge blocking layer on an SmFeO3 thin film to suppress the leakage current. CaTiO3/SmFeO3/Nb–SrTiO3 (1 0 0) thin films were prepared by a PLD (pulsed laser deposition) process, and the epitaxial growth of thin films was confirmed by XRD (X‐ray diffraction) and HRTEM (high resolution transmission electron microscope) images. The interface strain resulted in the polar non‐centrosymmetry in space group P42/mc for SmFeO3, and subsequently the room‐temperature ferroelectricity was achieved with a robust remanent polarization of about 4.9 μC/cm2. The 180° switchable domain structure was confirmed by PFM (piezoelectric force microscope). Meanwhile, strong magnetoelectric coupling with magnetoelectric coefficient (αME) of about 2.5 V/(cm Oe) was observed. The present work has revealed the structural origin of ferroelectricity in an SmFeO3 thin film and provided the great reference for its room temperature multiferroic applications.
It's Difficult to Explain Away the Appearance That Causation Comes in Degrees: A Reply to Sartorio
Authors: Goh Joshua
Published: August 2022

Does the relation of (actual) causation admit of degrees? Is it sensible to say, for example, that ‘as compared to his consuming the light beer, Clement's consuming the moonshine was more a cause of his becoming drunk’? Suppose the answer is ‘yes’. Suppose also that country A unjustifiably ignites a lethal war with country B, and you intuit that, while most combatants of A are liable to lethal counterattack, most non‐combatants of A aren't similarly liable. Then, you might support your intuition by reasoning as follows. ‘Perhaps most non‐combatants of A causally contribute to A's unjust, lethal war effort. However, unlike most combatants of A, their causal contributions are not of such a degree that makes them liable to lethal counterattack’. Such reasoning is rejected by Carolina Sartorio. This is due to the recent revealing of a certain puzzle, one which suggests to Sartorio that causation does not come in degrees. Now, one motivation for Sartorio's reaction to the aforementioned puzzle is her thought that we can, for the most part, ‘explain away’ the ‘illusion’ that causation comes in degrees. I will argue that Sartorio insufficiently supports her foregoing thought. Using Sartorio's resources, we cannot (largely) ‘explain away’ the widespread appearance that causation comes in degrees.
Increase in membrane surface expression and phosphorylation of TRPC3 related to olfactory dysfunction in α‐synuclein transgenic mice
Authors: Chen Min , Liu Jia , Luo Hanjiang , Duan Chunli , Gao Ge , Yang Hui
Published: August 2022

Olfactory impairment is an initial non‐motor symptom of Parkinson's disease that causes the deposition of aggregated α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in olfactory neurons. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are a diverse group of non‐selective Ca2+ entry channels involved in the progression or pathogenesis of PD via Ca2+ homeostatic regulation. However, the relationship between TRPC and α‐syn pathology in an olfactory system remains unclear. To address this issue, we assessed the olfactory function in α‐syn transgenic mice. In contrast with control mice, the transgenic mice exhibited impaired olfaction, TRPC3 activation and apoptotic neuronal cell death in the olfactory system. Similar results were observed in primary cultures of olfactory neurons, that is TRPC3 activation, increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration and apoptotic cell death in the α‐syn‐overexpressed neurons. These changes were significantly attenuated by TRPC3 knockdown. Therefore, our findings suggest that TRPC3 activation and calcium dyshomeostasis play a key role in α‐syn‐induced olfactory dysfunction in mice.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms governing spindle orientation: How far are we from there?
Authors: Zhong Tao , Gongye Xiaoxiao , Wang Minglei , Yu Jinming
Published: August 2022

Proper spindle orientation is essential for cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis. Recently, accumulating studies have elucidated several factors that regulate spindle orientation, including geometric, internal and external cues. Abnormality in these factors generally leads to defects in the physiological functions of various organs and the development of severe diseases. Herein, we first review models that are commonly used for studying spindle orientation. We then review a conservative heterotrimeric complex critically involved in spindle orientation regulation in different models. Finally, we summarize some cues that affect spindle orientation and explore whether we can establish a model that precisely elucidates the effects of spindle orientation without interfusing other spindle functions. We aim to summarize current models used in spindle orientation studies and discuss whether we can build a model that disturbs spindle orientation alone. This can substantially improve our understanding of how spindle orientation is regulated and provide insights to investigate this complex event.
Increased risk of suicidality in patients with psoriasis: A Nationwide cohort study in Korea
Authors: Kim Sung Min , Ahn Juhee , Cho Young Ah , Sung Jae Young , Kim Chang Yong , Yu Da‐Ae , Lee Yang Won , Won Sungho , Choe Yong Beom
Published: August 2022

Background

Psoriasis has a devastating psychological impact on patients' quality of life. However, the relationship between suicidality and psoriasis remains unclear.

Objective

This study analysed and compared the risk of suicidality (suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and completed suicide) between patients with psoriasis and the general population.

Methods

This nationwide, population‐based, retrospective, cohort study analysed the Korean National Health Insurance Service claim data from 2005 to 2018.

Results

The study included 348,439 patients with psoriasis aged over 18 years and with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The risk of suicidality was higher in the psoriasis group than in the control group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–1.24]. The aHR of suicidality was higher in the psoriatic arthritis group (aHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.39–1.54) than in the psoriasis‐alone group (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13–1.20). However, the severity of psoriasis and suicidality showed no correlation (mild psoriasis group: aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.18–1.25; moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis group: aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.23).

Conclusion

Patients with psoriasis have an increased risk of suicidality. In particular, the presence of arthritis in patients had a more significant effect on the risk of suicidality.