bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chirality‐Reversed Bidirectional High‐Efficiency Dichroic Metalens based on Hybrid Helical Surfaces
Authors: Wang Chenqian , Wang Chinhua
Published: September 2022

A conventional chiral metalens based on helical structures have the disadvantages of fixed chirality and low conversion efficiency of cross‐circular polarization. In this study, a chirality‐reversed bidirectional high‐efficiency dichroic metalens based on hybrid helical surfaces (HHSs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which is composed of a pair of half‐pitch helical surfaces with left‐ and right‐handedness. It is found that the cross‐polarization conversion efficiency of the hybrid structure reaches 78.5%, which is ≈20 times higher than that (≈4%) of a conventional normal helical structure. The chirality of the hybrid structure can be flexibly switched between left‐ and right‐handedness by simply flipping the metalens by 180°, rendering a chirality‐reversed bidirectional operation. A comprehensive analysis of the physical mechanism and experimental verification are conducted. Two‐photon laser direct writing and electron beam evaporation are employed to fabricate the dichroic metalens with a scale of a 101 × 101 HHS array, and dichroism focusing and imaging are successfully realized by lock‐in thermography in the IR wavelength range from 3 to 5 μm. The demonstrated high‐efficiency bidirectional dichroic metalens promises important applications in polarimetric imaging and biomedical chirality detection.
Coupling‐Induced Tunable Broadband Superradiance in 2D Metal‐Dielectric‐Metal Nanocavity Arrays
Authors: Liang Zhengchen , Wang Dong , Ziegler Mario , Hübner Uwe , Xie Peng , Ding Qi , Zhang Hong , Wang Wei
Published: September 2022

Subradiance/superradiance, cooperative effects causing suppressed/enhanced radiative decay, are of particular interest in plasmonic systems as they play a very important role in modulating dampings and optical properties of resonant systems. However, subradiance/superradiance are generally limited in narrow spectral range with inaccessible tunability. Realizing broadband subradiant and superradiant plasmon modes with flexible tuning is still challenging. Here, a 2D periodic multilayer metal‐dielectric‐metal (MDM) nanostructure is rationally designed and fabricated to realize a tunable superradiant mode over a broad visible range. Angle‐resolved spectroscopy combined with full quantum calculations reveal a sufficient hybridization of delocalized guided plasmons with localized plasmons and a plasmonic cavity mode, leading to an emissive superradiant hybrid mode over a broadband visible range, which can be readily tuned by controlling the spectral three‐mode overlap. Greatly shortened polariton lifetimes down to 4 fs are achieved as direct consequence of the Rabi phases and considerable incoherent coupling strengths between interacting subsystems. Such a control of plasmon damping by cooperative mode interactions paves the way toward efficient manipulation of light emission for applications requiring bright, fast‐emitting photon sources.
Biodegradable and Electrically Conductive Melanin‐Poly (3‐Hydroxybutyrate) 3D Fibrous Scaffolds for Neural Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Agrawal Lokesh , Vimal Sunil Kumar , Barzaghi Paolo , Shiga Takashi , Terenzio Marco
Published: September 2022

Due to the severity of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) and spinal cord injuries (SCI), treatment options for patients are limited. In this context, biomaterials designed to promote regeneration and reinstate the lost function are being explored. Such biomaterials should be able to mimic the biological, chemical, and physical cues of the extracellular matrix for maximum effectiveness as therapeutic agents. Development of biomaterials with desirable physical, chemical, and electrical properties, however, has proven challenging. Here a novel biomaterial formulation achieved by blending the pigment melanin and the natural polymer Poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is proposed. Physio‐chemical measurements of electrospun fibers reveal a feature rich surface nano‐topography, a semiconducting‐nature, and brain‐tissue‐like poroviscoelastic properties. Resulting fibers improve cell adhesion and growth of mouse sensory and motor neurons, without any observable toxicity. Further, the presence of polar functional groups positively affect the kinetics of fibers degradation at a pH (≈7.4) comparable to that of body fluids. Thus, melanin‐PHB blended scaffolds are found to be physio‐chemically, electrically, and biologically compatible with neural tissues and could be used as a regenerative modality for neural tissue injuries. A biomaterial for scaffolds intended to promote regeneration of nerve tissue after injury is developed. This biomaterial, obtained by mixing the pigment melanin and the natural polymer PHB, is biodegradable, electrically conductive, and beneficial to the growth of motor and sensory neurons. Thus, it is believed that this biomaterial can be used in the context of healthcare applications.
f(T,B) gravity in a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker universe with nonzero spatial curvature
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos , Leon Genly
Published: September 2022

We investigate exact solutions and the asymptotic dynamics for the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker universe with nonzero spatial curvature in the fourth‐order modified teleparallel gravitational theory known as
theory. We show that the field equations admit a minisuperspace description, and they can reproduce any exact form of the scale factor. Moreover, we calculate the equilibrium points and analyze their stability. We show that Milne and Milne‐like solutions are supported, and the de Sitter universe is provided. To complete our analysis, we use Poincaré variables to investigate the dynamics at infinity.
Role of Exosomes Derived from Adipose Tissue under Obese Conditions in Skeletal Muscle and Liver Cells: Commonalities and Differences
Authors: Kim Yujeong , Son Taesang , Park Jeongjin , Jun Woojin , Kim Ok‐Kyung
Published: September 2022

Scope

To determine the correlation between obesity and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver tissues, this study isolates exosomes from adipose tissue under obese conditions and investigates the effect of adipose tissue‐derived exosomes (Ad‐exosomes) in mouse muscle (C2C12 cells) and liver cell lines (AML12 cells).

Methods and results

The study isolates exosomes from the adipose tissue of normal diet‐fed mice or high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed obese mice and confirms the uptake into differentiated C2C12 and AML12 cells. Ad‐exosomes from HFD‐fed mice induce insulin resistance, triglyceride (TG) accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation in both C2C12 and AML12 cells. Interestingly, the study finds that the TG accumulation induces by Ad‐exosomes from HFD‐fed obese mice is dramatically increased in AML12 cells compared with that in the differentiated C2C12 cells, and glucose uptake following the same treatment is decreased in C2C12 cells and increased in AML12 cells. In addition, Ad‐exosomes from HFD‐fed obese mice cause not only TG accumulation but also lipogenesis in AML12 cells.

Conclusions

The results suggest that Ad‐exosomes from HFD‐fed obese mice cause insulin resistance in both the muscles and liver, but their effects on metabolism during the development of insulin resistance vary between tissues.
Testing Bayesian models of belief updating in the context of depressive symptomatology
Authors: Feldmann Matthias , Kube Tobias , Rief Winfried , Brakemeier Eva‐Lotta
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Predictive processing approaches to belief updating in depression propose that depression is related to more negative and more precise priors. Also, belief updating is assumed be negatively biased in comparison to normative Bayesian updating. There is a lack of efficient methods to mathematically model belief updating in depression.

Methods

We validated a novel performance belief updating paradigm in a nonclinical sample (N = 133). Participants repeatedly participated in a non‐self‐related emotion recognition task and received false feedback. Effects of the feedback manipulation and differences in depressive symptoms on belief updating were analysed in Bayesian multilevel analyses.

Results

Beliefs were successfully manipulated through the feedback provided. Depressive symptoms were associated with more negative updating than normative Bayesian updating but results were influenced by few cases. No evidence of biased change in beliefs or overly precise priors was found. Depressive symptoms were associated with more negative updating of generalised performance beliefs.

Conclusions

There was cautious support for negatively biased belief updating associated with depressive symptoms, especially for generalised beliefs. The content of the task may not be self‐relevant enough to cause strong biases. Further explication of Bayesian models of depression and replication in clinical samples is needed.
Fast Catalyst Ratio Estimate in Gas Phase Polyethylene Dual Catalyst System
Authors: Reimers Jay L. , Chiang Hsu , Shi Jun
Published: September 2022

One approach used in the industry to improve the properties of polyethylene is to use multi‐reactor with a single catalyst or multiple catalysts in a single reactor. In the latter case, two catalysts with distinct kinetics are selected to achieve the desired product properties. Such mixed catalyst systems enable tailored and advantageous properties at the cost of more challenging process control, because the ratio of the two catalysts serves as an additional manipulated variable. A fast method to estimate the ratio of active catalysts using headspace gas chromatography measurements is proposed here. In this method, a small perturbation in the feed rate is introduced to induce transient responses in the gas phase concentration. Ideally, with known responses from each individual catalyst, the active catalyst ratio can be estimated. To demonstrate this concept, a process model is developed in Aspen Plus. A set of dynamic simulation is performed to understand the responses of each catalyst and the mixed catalyst system, to changes in feed comonomer concentration. The results demonstrate that this method has significantly faster responses compared to feedback from bulk polymer properties and induces minimal process upset or product off‐spec due to small perturbations in a short period of time.
High‐field ex vivo and in vivo two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in murine brain: Resolving and exploring the molecular environment
Authors: Martinho Ricardo P. , Jain Mukul G. , Frydman Lucio
Published: September 2022

The structural and chemical complexities within the brain pose a challenge that few noninvasive techniques can tackle with the dexterity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Still, even with the advent of ultrahigh fields and of cryogenically cooled coils for in vivo research, the superposition of metabolic resonances arising from the brain remains a challenge. The present study explores the potential to tackle this milieu using a combination of two‐dimensional (2D) NMR techniques, implemented on murine brains in vivo at 15.2 T and ex vivo at 14.1 T. While both experiments were affected by substantial inhomogeneous broadenings conveying distinct elongated lineshapes to the cross‐peaks, the ability of increased fields to resolve off‐diagonal resonances was clear. A comparison between the corresponding conventional and double quantum‐filtered correlated spectroscopy traces enabled an improved assignment of in vivo resonances on the basis of more sensitive ex vivo 2D acquisitions, foremost on the basis of homonuclear cross‐relaxation–driven correlations for peaks resonating downfield from water, and of heteronuclear correlations at natural abundance for the upfield protons. With the aid of such 2D correlations approximately 29 metabolites could be resolved and identified. This enhanced resolution was used to explore features related to the metabolites' diffusivities, their exposure to water, and their facility to undergo magnetization transfers to amide/amine/hydroxyl resonances. Cross‐peaks from main murine brain biomolecules, including choline, creatine, γ‐aminobutyric acid, N‐acetyl aspartate, glutamine, and glutamate, showed enhancements in several of these various features, opening interesting vistas about metabolite compartmentalization as viewed by these 2D NMR experiments.
Clinically feasible B1 field correction for multi‐organ sodium imaging at 3 T
Authors: Vaeggemose Michael , Schulte Rolf F. , Laustsen Christoffer
Published: September 2022

Sodium MRI allows the non‐invasive quantification of intra‐organ sodium concentration. RF inhomogeneity introduces uncertainty in this estimated concentration. B1 field corrections can be used to overcome some of these limitations. However, the low signal‐to‐noise ratio in sodium MRI makes accurate B1 mapping in reasonable scan times challenging. The study aims to evaluate Bloch–Siegert off‐resonance (BLOSI) B1 field correction for sodium MRI using a 3D Fermat looped, orthogonally encoded trajectories (FLORET) read‐out trajectory.

We propose a clinically feasible B1 field map correction method for sodium imaging at 3 T, evaluating five healthy subjects' brain, heart blood, kidneys, and thigh muscle. We scanned the subjects twice for repeatability measures and used sodium phantoms to determine organ total sodium concentration. Conventional proton scans were compared with sodium images for organ structural integrity. The BLOSI approach based on the 3D FLORET read‐out trajectory was used in B1 field correction and 3D density‐adapted radial acquisition for sodium imaging.

Results indicate improvements in sodium imaging based on B1 field correction in a clinically feasible protocol. Improvements are determined in all organs by enhanced anatomical representation, organ homogeneity, and an increase in the total sodium concentration after applying a B1 field correction.

The proposed BLOSI‐based B1 field correction using a 3D FLORET read‐out trajectory is clinically feasible for sodium imaging, which is shown in the brain, heart, kidney, and thigh muscle. This supports using fast B1 field mapping in the clinical setting.
Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, behaviour and care preference of family members of Chinese older adults related to palliative care
Authors: Wu Xiaofen , Li Xiran , Su Ting , Liang Jin , Wang Lijie , Huang Qiuna , Zhang Jiayi , Wang Shuang , Wang Ning , Xiang Rihui
Published: September 2022

Aim

To develop and validate a questionnaire on knowledge, attitude, behaviour and care preference of family members of Chinese older adults related to palliative care.

Design

A descriptive study design and STROBE checklist were applied in this research.

Methods

The theoretical framework of the questionnaire was knowledge–attitude–behaviour model. An additional dimension of palliative care preference of family members was set up in the questionnaire. Items were generated from a rapid review of international literature and interviews with 61 family members of the older adults living either in an aged care service organization or the community. The content validity was examined by five experts. A preliminary questionnaire with 69 items was then set up, and its psychometric property was assessed.

Results

A final version of questionnaire with 42 items under four dimensions was constructed. The content validity index of the overall questionnaire was 0.93 and of each item ranged 0.80–1.00. The factor loading of all items was higher than 0.50 as per exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis; the average variance extracted for each dimension was higher than 0.50; the composite reliability was higher than 0.90; and the absolute value of the correlation coefficient of each dimension was <0.50 and less than the square root of the average variance extracted. The Cronbach's alpha value and the split‐half reliability value of the overall questionnaire were 0.93 and 0.97, respectively.

Conclusions

This questionnaire has good validity and reliability, but needs further testing in multi‐centered settings.
The effect of design thinking approach in interprofessional education programme of human sexuality course: A quasi‐experimental design
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Yi , Tsai Li‐Ya , Chung Chu‐Hua , Shih Fen‐Fen , Wang Yu‐Ming
Published: September 2022

Aims

To determine the effect of design thinking approach in interprofessional education programme of human sexuality course.

Design

A pre‐test and post‐test of single‐group quasi‐experimental study.

Methods

The 35 nursing students and seven psychology students in their third year were selected by the computer randomly sampling through the lottery method. The course proceeded between September 2019 and January 2020. The participants had received an 8‐week, 16‐hr design thinking approach in interprofessional education programme of human sexuality course (one section per week, 2 hr per section). We used the nursing attitude toward sexual healthcare scale, nursing intervention toward sexual healthcare scale to assess students' attitude and behaviour intention toward sexual health care and competence of interprofessional education scale to assess students' competence of cooperation before and after the teaching programme. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and t‐tests. A qualitative reflection log was also provided and analysed for themes. The SQUIRE‐EDU checklist was followed.

Results

The students' attitude and behavioural intention dimension score in the post‐test is higher than those in the pre‐test and reach statistically significant differences both in total and subscale. Interprofessional core competence score of Observation Experience, Reflective Feedback, Interprofessional Cooperation, Innovative Design, and Applied Technology score in the post‐test is higher than those in the pre‐test and reach statistically significant differences both in total and subscale. Design thinking in interprofessional education programme of human sexuality course could significantly improve both nursing and psychology students' attitude, behaviour intention of providing sexual health care and competence of interprofessional cooperation.
Nursing students' perceived stress, self‐efficacy, control and evaluation of a course in systematic clinical observation, physical assessment and decision‐making: An observational study in Norway
Authors: Hansen Mette Tindvik , Olsen Richard Monroe , Brynhildsen Siri , Leonardsen Ann‐Chatrin Linqvist
Published: September 2022

Aim

Simulation‐based nursing education interventions have a strong educational effect on psychomotoric skills, but students may experience physiological stress and anxiety during simulation. The aims of this study were to explore (1) nursing students' perceived stress, self‐efficacy, control and evaluation before and after simulation as part a structured course in physical assessment, (2) whether factors such as gender, age or previous work experience were associated with perceived stress during simulation and (3) nursing students evaluation of the course.

Design

An observational, cross‐sectional study before and after simulation and a course in physical assessment.

Methods

We utilized “the Self‐Assessment Manikin for measuring emotion” before and after simulation, a questionnaire to identify symptoms of stress after simulation, and a questionnaire to evaluate the physical assessment course.

Results

A total of 59 students participated. Students perceived stress before simulation but reported a lower degree of activation, a more positive mood, increased feeling of control and self‐efficacy after the simulation. They also felt more secure about their assessments. Even though students reported of several symptoms of stress before simluation, the course increased students' self‐reported competence and feeling of security.
Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐aliphatic amide) copolymer fibers with excellent hygroscopicity and softness
Authors: Sun Lina , Zhu Ruishu , Hu Hongmei , Yu Jianyong , Wang Xueli , Huang Liqian , Liu Xiucai
Published: September 2022

The aliphatic amide with hydrophilic groups and flexible segments are ideal monomers to modify poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers. In this paper, two amide monomers, the adipate pentamethylenediamine salts (APs) and its end‐capping substances (APA), were used as the modified monomers to prepare copolymers (PET/APs, PET/APA) by copolymerization with PTA and EG. Their chemical structures and compositions were confirmed by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR. Copolymers exhibited excellent melt fluidity and a lower glass transition temperature than PET due to the incorporation of flexible segments, and the properties of copolymer PET/APA was more evident than PET/APs. The copolymer fibers were prepared by melt spinning, exhibiting excellent hygroscopicity, softness, and antistatic properties. The moisture regain of PET/APs fibers increased by 39% ~ 200%, and the initial modulus decreased by 32% ~ 68% than PET fibers; the moisture regain of PET/APA fibers increased by 53% ~ 213%, and the initial modulus decreased by 50% ~ 72% than PET fibers. Which was proportional to the content of modified monomers, and the soft handle was closed to wool fibers. Moreover, PET/APA fibers exhibited better hygroscopicity and softness properties than PET/APs fibers, and the excellent yellow index (b value) by adopting end‐capping technology, which broaden the application prospects of PET fibers.
Preparation of acrylate‐based double and triple interpenetrating polymer networks hydrogels: Rheological, thermal, and swelling behavior
Authors: Ghadami Azam , Taheri Somayeh , Alinejad Zeinab , Dinari Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Two kinds of hydrogels based on acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AAm) without and with 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulphonic acid (AMPS) were synthesized by radical polymerization using ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate as a crosslinker, to form double network (DN) and triple network (TN) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) gels, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) presented evidence for the formation of polyacrylic acid (PAA)/polyacrylamide (PAAm) IPN gels and Michael‐type grafting of poly(AAm‐co‐AMPS) onto PAA in TN gels. The scanning electron microscopy micrograph images exhibited a microporous morphology for synthesized IPN gels which was more compact in TN hydrogel samples compared with DN hydrogels due to the presence of AMPS (which is also proved through energy dispersive X‐ray pattern and elemental analysis results) and higher crosslinking density in the structure of TN IPN hydrogels. Swelling behaviors indicated that TN superabsorbent gels presented 192.4 g/g water absorbency which was over three folds and 107 folds the swelling capacity of DN hydrogels and PAA in water, respectively. Additionally, TN alcogels showed enhanced swelling capacities of 99.1, 94.3, and 70.0 g/g in dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol and ethanol, respectively. The significant improvements in the values of absorbency related to TN gels compared to other samples can be attributed to the strong ionic sulfonic acid groups (SO3H) in AMPS along with hydrogen bonding as a strong polyelectrolyte and the formation of a three‐component interpenetrating network structure with higher crosslink density. This structure formed in TN IPN gels can be responsible for elastic behavior, stable gel formation, and enhanced thermal stability of IPN hydrogels, as indicated by rheological, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results.
Imaging recommendations in pediatric lymphoma: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper
Authors: Mhlanga Joyce , Lai Hollie , Alazraki Adina , Cho Steve Y , Nadel Helen , Pandit‐Taskar Neeta , Qi Jing , Rajderkar Dhanashree , Voss Stephan , Watal Pankaj , McCarten Kathleen
Published: September 2022

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are both malignancies originating in the lymphatic system and both affect children, but many features differ considerably, impacting workup and management. This paper provides consensus‐based imaging recommendations for evaluation of patients with HL and NHL at diagnosis and response assessment for both interim and end of therapy (follow‐up).
Answers to common questions about COVID‐19 vaccines in children with cancer
Authors: Caniza Miguela A. , Homsi Maysam R. , Bate Jessica , Adrizain Riyadi , Ahmed Tarek , Alexander Sarah , Bhattacharyya Arpita , Copado‐Gutierrez Jose Luis , Gutierrez Ivan , Lim Yan Yin , Morrissey Lisa , Naidu Gita , Paintsil Vivian , Radhakrishnan Nita , Mukkada Sheena , Phillips Robert , Alexander Kenneth A. , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy
Published: September 2022

Background

The SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in 2020 evolved into a global pandemic, and COVID‐19 vaccines became rapidly available, including for pediatric patients. However, questions emerged that challenged vaccine acceptance and use. We aimed to answer these questions and give recommendations applicable for use in pediatric patients with cancer by healthcare professionals and the public.

Methods

A 12‐member global COVID‐19 Vaccine in Pediatric Oncology Working Group made up of physicians and nurses from all world regions met weekly from March to July 2021. We used a modified Delphi method to select the top questions. The Working Group, in four‐member subgroups, answered assigned questions by providing brief recommendations, followed by a discussion of the rationale for each answer. All Working Group members voted on each recommendation using a scale of 1 to 10, 10 being complete agreement. A “pass” recommendation corresponded to an agreement ≥7.5.

Results

We selected 15 questions from 173 suggested questions. Based on existing published information, we generated answers for each question as recommendations. The overall average agreement for the 24 recommendations was 9.5 (95% CI 9.4–9.6).

Conclusion

Top COVID‐19 vaccine‐related questions could be answered using available information. Reports on COVID‐19 vaccination and related topics have been published at record speed, aided by available technology and the priority imposed by the pandemic; however, all efforts were made to incorporate emerging information throughout our project. Recommendations will be periodically updated on a dedicated website.
Calotropis gigantea bast fiber based epoxy composites for automotive application: An experimental study
Authors: Sahu Saipad B. B. P. J. , Nayak Subhakanta , Sahu Sibakanta , Roul Manmatha K.
Published: September 2022

This research focuses on developing a new material by reinforcing chemically treated Calotropis gigantea bast fibers (CG) with epoxy resin as matrix. Composites using varying wt% of treated CG fibers were fabricated taking epoxy as matrix. The effect of chemical treatment and fiber loading on various mechanical properties, thermal, water absorption properties, and morphology using scanning electron microscope (SEM) were investigated. An increasing trend in the values of mechanical properties was observed till optimum fiber loading and then declines. The optimum properties were found at 20 wt% of fiber loading. At this fiber loading the composites were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TGA) and compared with untreated fiber reinforced composites and neat epoxy. When comparing untreated and treated composites, it was discovered that composites containing 20% treated CG fibers produce better outcomes. The findings provide manufacturers and engineers with a general concept of how to employ the composites to make low‐weight automotive parts for improved fuel efficiency.
Redeemable environmental damage by recycling of industrial discarded and virgin glass fiber mats in hybrid composites—An exploratory investigation
Authors: Sathishkumar Thottyeapalayam Palanisamy , de‐Prado‐Gil Jesus , Martínez‐García Rebeca , Rajeshkumar LakshmiNarasimhan , Rajeshkumar Guruswamy , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart , Alosaimi Abeer Mohamed , Hussein Mahmoud Ali
Published: September 2022

The fiber industry develops materials with good physical and mechanical characteristics, but it also generates a lot of waste that is difficult to degrade. Glass fibers can be extracted from waste glass fiber reinforced polymers because of advancements in grinding and sorting technologies. The objective of the current paper is to use waste glass fiber along with new woven glass fiber mat in structural application. Composites were manufactured using the hand layup method using virgin and discorded woven glass fibermats with different fiber weight fractions such as 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. Composites were then investigated for the influence of the recycled fiber on mechanical and vibration behavior using appropriate tests. Theoretical models were used to predict the mechanical behavior of the composites. Scanning electron microscopic technique was used to analyze the failure surface morphology of the composite specimen. Results portrayed that the composites with 40 wt% of new woven glass fiber mats exhibited better mechanical strength (tensile and flexural strengths and modules of 243 MPa, 1752 MPa, and 1244 MPa, 946 MPa, impact strength of 12.13 J). The combined effect of new and recycled glass fiber composites exhibited tensile and flexural strength of 211 MPa and 1734 MPa, modulus of 1222 MPa and 925.7 MPa, impact strength of 10.43 J. The natural frequency of both composites was very close to all other volume fractions. The theoretical model also ended up with the same result and the margin of difference between predicted results and experimental results was very minimum.
Environmental psychology: Challenges and opportunities for a sustainable future
Authors: Benz Alexander , Formuli Arusu , Jeong Garam , Mu Nan , Rizvanovic Nejra
Published: September 2022

Recent ecological developments and in particular the risks of climate change have led to the emergence of new scientific challenges and fields. One field that has gained momentum over the past decades is environmental psychology. Researching and analyzing environmental phenomena it faces the challenges of connecting conceptual problems, the interdisciplinary use of languages and definitions, different understandings and the use of different methodologies, and the scientific explanation of such phenomena. This paper reflects on the challenges and also the opportunities for establishing a sustainable future from a psychological point of view. The topics addressed are a selection of criteria for adapting to changing environments, perspectives on how to harvest insights from different fields of scientific endeavor and ideas how to make use of the necessary interdisciplinarity. Furthermore, questions are raised concerning personal identity, cultural and spiritual values, the ethical aspects of decision‐making in a changing world, and the conceptual challenges facing sustainable ecological development.
Gel‐spinning of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene by a twin‐screw extruder with an ultra‐large length‐to‐diameter ratio
Authors: Wang Jian , Hu Xiaofeng , Liu Fangke , Long Zhibin , Shao Mingwang
Published: September 2022

A twin‐screw extruder with an ultra‐large length‐to‐diameter (L/D) ratio of 136 was developed and applied in the gel‐spinning process of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). UHMWPE gel fibers with concentrations of 6–18 wt% were produced at barrel temperatures of 150–180°C and screw speeds of 10–40 rpm. The residence time of the UHMWPE gel solution in the extruder increased with the increase of solution concentration and barrel temperature and decreased with the increase of screw speed. The tensile properties and crystallinity of the UHMWPE gel fibers decreased with the increase of solution concentration. Due to the great shear effect of the ultra‐large L/D ratio, the barrel temperature and screw speed could be lower to optimize the structure and tensile properties of UHMWPE fibers. Compared to the extruder with the L/D ratio of 36, the tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break of the gel fibers prepared by the extruder with the L/D ratio of 136 were increased by 148.8%, 117.6%, and 54.2%, respectively. The crystallinity of the gel fibers was increased by 50.6%. The fiber had a dense and smooth surface with oriented fibrils, which indicates the great ability of the ultra‐large L/D ratio for disentanglement of molecular chains.
Team sports participation, depression, and suicidal ideation in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents
Authors: LaRocca David , James Katherine A. , Rosenberg Sophie , Ma Ming , Brooks‐Russell Ashley
Published: September 2022

Rates of depression and suicide are rising in adolescents, with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth experiencing higher rates. We examined the relationship between team sports participation, depression, and suicidal ideation among a representative sample of adolescents (n = 46,537) in the Healthy Kids Colorado Survey. Logistic regression models using team sports participation to predict depression and suicidal ideation for heterosexual; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ); cisgender; and transgender youth demonstrated that team sports participation was associated with reduced likelihood of depression in all groups and reduced likelihood of suicidal ideation in all groups except for LGBQ youth. These findings indicate that LGBTQ youth may experience similar mental health benefits of team sports participation as heterosexual and cisgender youth, supporting the importance of inclusive sports policy and programming.
School psychologists and autism identification: Present challenges and potential solutions
Authors: Margiano Suzanne G. , Sassu Kari A. , Dale Brittany A. , Caemmerer Jacqueline M. , Bray Melissa A. , Peters Emily
Published: September 2022

Although federal law has provided guidelines for autism eligibility for special education, school‐based autism assessment and eligibility vary widely across states and identification continues to lag behind national prevalence data. The main role of the school psychologist continues to be conducting evaluations for special education eligibility, and given current barriers, some school psychologists do not feel equipped to make a recommendation for autism eligibility. This article summarizes the barriers school psychologists face when conducting autism assessments in the schools, including systemic barriers, lack of training or professional development, resulting lack of confidence, among others. We conclude by highlighting recommendations for multipronged systemic changes that will improve the capacity of special education teams and specifically support the pivotal role of the school psychologist in conducting autism eligibility evaluations in the schools.
Practice makes proficient: Evaluation of implementation fidelity following COMPASS consultation training
Authors: Ruble Lisa , Ogle Lindsey , McGrew John
Published: September 2022

A training package for the Collaborative Model for Promoting Competence and Success (COMPASS), a multilevel consultation and coaching intervention for improved educational outcomes of students with autism, was developed and evaluated. Using a Hybrid Type 3 design with emphasis on implementation and a multidimensional approach to evaluating implementation outcomes, we tested the training package with community‐based consultant trainees (CTs) unfamiliar with COMPASS and evaluated acceptance, appropriateness, feasibility, and fidelity from multiple sources (trainees, teachers, and parents). Results confirm that COMPASS‐naïve CTs can be successfully trained. At least one feedback session was needed to achieve proficiency. Initial fidelity ratings between researchers and CTs were disparate suggesting self‐report may not be adequate. Four feedback opportunities were required to achieve proficiency in writing intervention plans, an activity particularly challenging for CTs. Teachers and parents perceived COMPASS as acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. CTs knowledge of evidence‐based practices (EBPs) increased significantly following training; however, positive attitudes toward EBPs did not. The implementation outcomes suggest that the training package was effective for training CTs; however, additional practice with writing intervention plans is warranted.
Ethylene homo and copolymerization by phosphorus‐benzoquinone based homogeneous and heterogeneous nickel catalysts
Authors: Wang Quan , Wang Wenbing , Qu Weicheng , Pang Wenmin , Qasim Muhammad , Zou Chen
Published: September 2022

The low cost and high abundancy of nickel makes it highly attractive for both industrial and academic researchers in the field of polyolefin. However, the development of high performance nickel catalysts for ethylene homo and copolymerization is highly challenging. In this contribution, two novel cationic nickel catalysts with quinone backbone and sterically hindered aryl substituents on phosphine have been synthesized and supported on solid supports to prepare heterogeneous catalysts. The homogeneous catalysts showed high activity and high thermal stability in ethylene polymerization. After heterogenization of these catalysts, all the polymerization parameters (polymerization activity, thermal stability, and polymer molecular weight) were significantly improved. The heterogeneous catalyst can achieve activity of up to 3.26 × 106 g mol−1 h−1, along with polyethylene molecular weight of up to 81.8 × 104 g mol−1. More importantly, these homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts can realize copolymerization of ethylene with a series of polar comonomers such as methyl 10‐undecenoate, 10‐undecenol, and 6‐chloro‐1‐hexene.
Dogs occupying grassy habitat near protected areas in eastern Madagascar rely on foods from forests
Authors: Hixon Sean W. , Neelin Mikhaela , Chan Stephanie , Mayo Dominic , Filla Caitlynn , Farris Zach J. , deFrance Susan , Krigbaum John , Valenta Kim
Published: September 2022

Societal Impact Statement

Identifying where introduced animals fit in a food web relative to each other and to endemic species is key for biodiversity conservation planning. Using a multiproxy study of dog feces from eastern Madagascar, we infer that even dogs that spend time in derived grasslands typically eat forest‐derived foods. Regardless of the time that dogs spend in cleared forest, their impacts are likely concentrated on forest‐dwelling prey. If dogs in forests mostly consume threatened endemic animals (and not other introduced animals such as rats), then the exclusion of dogs from protected forests should be a priority.

Introduced predators on islands can help control invasive species yet can also contribute to the extirpation and extinction of endemic taxa. The spread of dogs on Madagascar by ~1000 years ago coincided with the introduction of livestock and spread of grazer‐adapted grasslands, and we help evaluate the extent to which modern dogs are part of novel grassland food webs.

To infer dog diet, we identified food remains, where possible, and conducted stable isotope ratio analysis for n = 100 modern dog feces collected in derived grassland at varying distances from protected forest edges around Analamazoatra and Andasibe‐Mantadia National Park in eastern Madagascar.

Animal remains in feces and the observed range of fecal δ15N values are consistent with dog meals at multiple trophic levels. However, the observed distribution of fecal δ13C values suggest that few dogs in the study area consumed food derived from open C4 grasslands.

Existing data suggest that dogs rely primarily on C3 consumers inhabiting forest biomes (forest‐dwelling animals) for their prey, which may include endemics such as tenrecs, Malagasy rodents, and lemurs and introduced rodents such as rats. These findings indicate that dogs are not confined to the anthropogenic niche defined by grazer‐adapted grasslands, but rather use and impact animal food resources associated with protected forests. Higher resolution study of dog diet and mobility can further clarify the potential for dogs to exploit endemic prey, compete with endemic predators, and spread disease across ecotones.
Thermostabilizing mechanisms of canonical single amino acid substitutions at a GH1 β‐glucosidase probed by multiple MD and computational approaches
Authors: Rocha Rafael Eduardo Oliveira , Mariano Diego César Batista , Almeida Tiago Silva , CorrêaCosta Leon Sulfierry , Fischer Pedro Henrique Camargo , Santos Lucianna Helene , Caffarena Ernesto Raul , da Silveira Carlos Henrique , Lamp Leonida M. , Fernandez‐Quintero Monica Lisa , Liedl Klaus Roman , de Melo‐Minardi Raquel Cardoso , de Lima Leonardo Henrique França
Published: September 2022

β‐glucosidases play a pivotal role in second‐generation biofuel (2G‐biofuel) production. For this application, thermostable enzymes are essential due to the denaturing conditions on the bioreactors. Random amino acid substitutions have originated new thermostable β‐glucosidases, but without a clear understanding of their molecular mechanisms. Here, we probe by different molecular dynamics simulation approaches with distinct force fields and submitting the results to various computational analyses, the molecular bases of the thermostabilization of the Paenibacillus polymyxa GH1 β‐glucosidase by two‐point mutations E96K (TR1) and M416I (TR2). Equilibrium molecular dynamic simulations (eMD) at different temperatures, principal component analysis (PCA), virtual docking, metadynamics (MetaDy), accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD), Poisson‐Boltzmann surface analysis, grid inhomogeneous solvation theory and colony method estimation of conformational entropy allow to converge to the idea that the stabilization carried by both substitutions depend on different contributions of three classic mechanisms: (i) electrostatic surface stabilization; (ii) efficient isolation of the hydrophobic core from the solvent, with energetic advantages at the solvation cap; (iii) higher distribution of the protein dynamics at the mobile active site loops than at the protein core, with functional and entropic advantages. Mechanisms i and ii predominate for TR1, while in TR2, mechanism iii is dominant. Loop A integrity and loops A, C, D, and E dynamics play critical roles in such mechanisms. Comparison of the dynamic and topological changes observed between the thermostable mutants and the wildtype protein with amino acid co‐evolutive networks and thermostabilizing hotspots from the literature allow inferring that the mechanisms here recovered can be related to the thermostability obtained by different substitutions along the whole family GH1. We hope the results and insights discussed here can be helpful for future rational approaches to the engineering of optimized β‐glucosidases for 2G‐biofuel production for industry, biotechnology, and science.
3, 14, 19‐Triacetyl Andrographolide alleviates the cognitive dysfunction of 3 × Tg‐AD mice by inducing initiation and promoting degradation process of autophagy
Authors: Zhang Haiyu , Xie Xinmei , Shi Junzhuo , Zhao Qian , Luo Dongmei , Hao Jiaojiao , Zhou Yunfeng , Han Guang , Pang Xiaobin
Published: September 2022

The present study aims to investigate the cognition‐enhancing effect of 3, 14, 19‐Triacetyl andrographolide (ADA) on learning and memory deficits in 3 × Tg‐AD mice and to explore its underlying mechanism. Eight‐month‐old 3 × Tg‐AD mice and C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely wild‐type group, 3 × Tg‐AD group, and 3 × Tg‐AD+ADA group (5 mg/kg, for 21 days, i.p.). We found that ADA significantly improved learning and cognition impairment, inhibited the loss of Nissl body, and reduced Aβ load in the brains of 3 × Tg‐AD mice. In addition, ADA enhanced the levels of PSD95 and SYP, which were closely associated with synaptic plasticity. Accumulated autophagosomes, LC3II, and P62 in hippocampus and cortex of 3 × Tg‐AD mice were decreased by ADA treatment. Furthermore, ADA administration further down‐regulated the expressions of p‐AKT and p‐mTOR, reduced the level of CTSB, and increased the co‐localization of LC3 and LAMP1 in the brains of 3 × Tg‐AD mice, implying that ADA‐induced autophagy initiation and also promoted the degradation process. In Aβ25–35‐induced HT22 cells, ADA displayed similar effects on autophagy flux as observed in 3 × Tg‐AD mice. Our finding verified that ADA could improve synaptic plasticity and cognitive function, which is mainly attributed to the key roles of ADA in autophagy induction and degradation.
Piperine attenuates the inflammation, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis to facilitate recovery from spinal cord injury via autophagy enhancement
Authors: Zhang Haojie , Wu Chenyu , Yu Dong‐dong , Su Haohan , Chen Yanlin , Ni Wenfei
Published: September 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury that can lead to irreversible motor dysfunction. Due to its complicated pathogenic mechanism, there are no effective drug treatments. Piperine, a natural active alkaloid extracted from black pepper, has been reported to influence neurogenesis and exert a neuroprotective effect in traumatic brain injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of piperine in an SCI model. SCI was induced in mice by clamping the spinal cord with a vascular clip for 1 min. Before SCI and every 2 days post‐SCI, evaluations using the Basso mouse scale and inclined plane tests were performed. On day 28 after SCI, footprint analyses, and HE/Masson staining of tissues were performed. On a postoperative Day 3, the spinal cord was harvested to assess the levels of pyroptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and autophagy. Piperine enhanced functional recovery after SCI. Additionally, piperine reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, pyroptosis, and activated autophagy. However, the effects of piperine on functional recovery after SCI were reversed by autophagy inhibition. The study demonstrated that piperine facilitated functional recovery after SCI by inhibiting inflammatory, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis, mediated by the activation of autophagy.
Asynchronous output feedback control for Markov jump systems under dynamic event‐triggered strategy
Authors: Xiao Zehui , Chen Jiawei , Xu Muxi , Zhang Xuexi , Tao Jie
Published: September 2022

This article addresses the synthesis of static output feedback stabilization via employing event‐based control, for discrete‐time Markov jump systems subject to limited bandwidth and mismatched modes. The event‐triggered communication strategy with an extra dynamic variable is considered in the design of controller to alleviate transmission burden. Then, for the purpose of further improving system performance, a special triggering threshold constructed as a diagonal matrix is introduced. Asynchronous behavior caused by mismatched modes between the controller and controlled systems is depicted by utilizing a hidden Markov model. With the assistance of output feedback theory, an asynchronous event‐based output feedback control law is sufficiently formulated to achieve the stochastic stabilization with desired performance. Ultimately, an illustrative example is implemented to verify the feasibility of theoretical results.