bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Paths and Places of Tsunami Evacuation Based on P646 Fema for Tourism Beaches in the Regency of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Sarwidi  , Aji Limpat , Satyarno Iman
Published: July 2019

The maximum number of monthly visitors to the tourism coasts in Gunungkidul Regency between 2012 and 2015 is 25,160 people. Those Indian Ocean beaches that are in the southern sides of the Island of Java are prone to tsunami disaster. However, there were no systematic and scientific study to make analysis of the tsunami disaster mitigation to those tourism beaches. Therefore, a series of policies with comprehensive rescue strategies and efforts to minimize the risk of the tsunami disaster is required. The purpose of this study is to identify the paths and places of tsunami evacuation for the tourism beaches in Gunungkidul Regency based on P646 of FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) and compare them with the result of the identification of paths and places of tsunami evacuation conducted by BPBD (Local Disaster Management Authority) of Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta. This purpose also includes the want of the authors to implement the method of this study to be the policy of tsunami mitigation for similar tourism beaches in the Special Territory of Yogyakarta as well as similar beaches in Indonesia. This study uses quantitative method with descriptive analysis technique that is analyzing the paths and places of tsunami evacuation based on P646 of FEMA. Given location elevation is the basic ingredient of the analysis, and therefore, elevation data, tsunami arrival time, projected number of visitors to support the analysis need to be gathered. The analysis of the evacuation areas is required to determine the evacuation places that are safe points in the evacuation process. An elevation of a safe point elevation can be a point that is beyond the reach of tsunami waves or safe areas within the tsunami pool areas. The results of this study are the height of the gathering point / safe point 25 meters above sea level to be the basis for saving themselves, if connected with the speed of walking (weak condition), then the arrival time / arrival time of the tsunami is not more than 0.5 hours. This is still within limits in accordance with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA P-646, 2008), the location of the gathering point / tsunami evacuation safe point can be used as the first rescue of tsunami victims by considering the arrival time of the tsunami. On the other hand, BPBD accommodate tsunami victims using public facilities even though they are far away and heed the arrival time of the tsunami.
Adaptive Urban Design Principles for Land Subsidence and Sea Level Rise in Coastal Area of Tambak Lorok, Semarang
Authors: Akbar I , Poerbo H W , Soedarsono W K
Published: July 2019

In recent years, the upward trend of sea level rise caused by climate change continues to increase. This condition threatens urbanization that occurs in urban areas, especially in coastal area. Coastal is a strategic location for various activities such as ports, recreation, fisheries and agriculture, but it is vulnerable to changes caused by community and natural activities. Semarang is one of the coastal city located in the north of Central Java. Dense and slum settlements are dominating the coastal area of Semarang, one of them is fisherman’s settlement in Tambak Lorok. This area has been undergoing land subsidence for a long time and is now threatened by sea level rise due to climate change. The purpose of this study is to formulate adaptive urban design principles on land subsidence and sea level rise in Tambak Lorok, Semarang. This study is carried out with qualitative method using the approach of research and development in building a formula that applies to the conditions formed by land subsidence and sea level rise. The design principles formulated from this study are general principles that serve as guidelines for designing coastal areas that adaptive to land subsidence and sea level rise. We believe, the adaptation of urban space can reduce the impact of the disaster and create a resilient coastal area to reduce the risk of natural-induced disasters.
Coastal Flooding Impacts Induced Sea Level Rise on Banda Aceh Coastal Morphology
Authors: Al’ala Musa , Syamsidik
Published: July 2019

The research focus is in assessing the impact of sea level rise induced by climate change towards coastal morphology. The process went through numerical modelling combining the flow and swan model generated by Delft3D to mimic morphology process within 100 years in Banda Aceh Coastal Defence. Banda Aceh coastal morphology keeps in recovery process as the coastal line keeps growing after the 2004 devastating morphology destruction until the late 2017. A sea level rise scenario was adopted from IPCC and TOPEX Poseidon with a 7 mm/year increase rate which was recorded between 1992 and 2015. Results recorded Banda Aceh had both sedimented and eroded area. Coastal protection gave the proper protection to Banda Aceh coastal defense while the three of Banda Aceh rivers (Krueng Neng river, Krueng Aceh river, and Floodway) gave sediment supply from the channel. Coastal line retreat between 15 to 100 m was also recorded on the side of Syiah Kuala - Alue Naga beach site, while others had enough sediment supply produced growing shoreline. The predicted regrow coastal area could be utilized as buffer zone as the government had difficulties in relocating the people from the coastal area.
Reconstruction of the 2004 Tsunami Inundation Map in Banda Aceh Through Numerical Model and Its Validation with Post-Tsunami Survey Data
Authors: Tursina  , Syamsidik
Published: July 2019

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) recorded the 2004 tsunami heights in the Indian Ocean using the DART buoy tool and survey field data in the land side of Banda Aceh. Furthermore, 85 tsunami poles around Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar were used to mark the tsunami flow depth. The flow depth of the tsunami data recorded plays an important role in fostering our understanding of the physical tsunami wave generation and inundation using tsunami modeling. This study is aimed at comparing the results of the tsunami flow depth modeling in Banda Aceh with some measurement data from NOAA and Tsunami Poles. The tsunami modeling process was applied using the Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) computational program.We used 6 nested grids and the innermost layer covering the Banda Aceh region. The Layer 6 used for the variable Manning roughness coefficient represents the surface land use before the tsunami. We put 139 and 67 observation points on land to observe tsunami flow depth data according to NOAA and Tsunami pole coordinates, respectively. The result shows that NOAA data gave poor agreement with numerical simulations. A better result was obtained when using tsunami poles. We recommend increasing the use of the tsunami poles data as they were produced with a rigorous validation process for the 2004 tsunami.
Revisiting The 2018 Kalibening Earthquake Sequence In Central Java: Call for the Revision of Earthquake Hazard
Authors: Sipayung Renhard , Sianipar Dimas , Prayoedhie Setyoajie , Daryono  , Arifin Januar , Simanjuntak Andrean V H , Muksin Umar , Prabu Sesar , Daniarsyad Gatut , Haryanta  , Putranto Nugroho , Azimi Ali
Published: July 2019

As moderate devastating earthquake that impacted the economic loss was about $ 1.68 million US, the 2018 Kalibening earthquake quite shocked where the faulting mechanism still unconfirmed. There was no reference indicating the existence of the faulting zone exactly on the earthquake sequence. We take a benefit from seismic temporary network with the density ±2 km, which deployed while a macroseismic survey in purposing to evaluate the 2018 Kalibening earthquake sequence. Earthquake relocation using double difference combined with cross-correlation and determining earthquake moment tensor inversion solution using near source seismograms were applied. We suggested the deformation scheme of this earthquake with a thrust faulting with 307.5 / 28.8 / 118.5 (Strike / Dip / Rake) as a result from mainshock and supported by aftershock moment tensor solutions. This parameter consistent to aftershocks relocation results which formed a lineation trending NW-SE appropriate with Strike = 307.5. The cross-section exhibits aftershocks pattern which elongated deeper and formed a slope from SW to NE approximately fit to Dip = 28.8. The results from investigating the background seismicity in Banjarnegara Region using combined catalog (ISC-USGS-BMKG) compared to BJI (single station) showed the sparse and the lacking of InaTEWS seismic network configurations. Finally impacted to losses in earthquake cataloging, leads the low area coverages around Banjarnegara region. Together with our results, we called for the revision of earthquake hazard assessment for Central Java province, especially in Banjarnegara region.
Preliminary Results of Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) Across Lembang Fault, Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Zulfakriza Z. , Puspito N.T. , Nugraha A. D. , Pranata B. , Rosalia S.
Published: July 2019

Lembang Fault is located in the Bandung basin with is a thick sedimentary of volcanic rocks and the depositional remnants of an ancient lake. Bandung region has a dense population and infrastructure that possible to be vulnerable of seismic hazard. Based on geological studies, Lembang fault is an active fault that possibility to produce a magnitude more than 6.0. Seismic hazard estimation is one of some method to identification of hazard potential due to the Lembang Fault activity. Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method is one of way to seismic microzonation that identified the dominant frequency (F0). We deployed 6 seismometers across Lembang Fault area for about 3 months observation. Then we computed the seismic response that corelated with physical properties inside the basin. The variation of seismic susceptibility index around Lembang area indicates the vulnerability of seismic hazard. LEM01 and LEM06 have relatively lower of natural frequency, its about 1.22 (LEM01) and 1.49 (LEM06). The number of natural frequency indicate thick of sediment and vulnerable of seismic hazard.
Multi-frequency effect towards High Conductivity Overburden Responses using Horizontal Coplanar (HCP) coil configuration for Landslide Hazard Instrumentation
Authors: Bukhari Bukhari , Syukri Surbakti Muhammad , Ismail Nazli , Idris Nasrullah , Yusibani Elin , Isa Muhammad , Syahreza Saumi
Published: July 2019

The instrumentation for the sensing of natural disaster phenomena as like as landslide instrumentation has acquired great importance for the instrumentation community. The novel instrumentation for landslide application has been made and calibrated using Horizontal Coplanar (HCP) coil orientation. The early instrumentation for landslide slopes was gradually equipped with standard and automatic instrumentation consisting of three the piezometric cells, two deep-seated steel wire extensometers, four in clinometric tubes, a rainfall gauge, a snow gauge and an air thermometer. This novel instrumentation works in electromagnetic methods similar with electromagnetic methods in geophysics. HCP coil orientation is a coplanar array where both coils are horizontal. In HCP, the depth of sounding is about 1.5 times of the coils separation which have maximum coupled configuration (HCP, VCP, and Vertical Coaxial configuration). The overburden response had inverted the percent value of maximum negative response then there were three maximum response amplitude peaks. Measurement and data processing were performed using a computer through Delphi program. The diagonal cross sections of the overburden as the centre were the maximum value of inverted response of anomaly positions. In aluminium thin plate overburden, the diagonal cross section point as the overburden centre was the maximum value of inverting value of the highest minimum response amplitude. The measurement graphic in the computer screen with several types of overburdens would be displayed. As the result, that the overburden widths for overburden were determined by subtracted of two turning points positions. The overburden positions were accurate for Type P overburden. The master curve had a high anomaly contrasts with two of positive anomaly peaks. Otherwise, the anomaly positions were between two of the negative anomaly peaks.
Modelling of sea surface temperature by using generalized additive mixed models in risk detection
Authors: Humaira R A , Miftahuddin  , Setiawan I
Published: July 2019

Rising temperatures from year by year caused an extreme weather which could result in all kinds of natural disasters. One of methods that can analyze the factors which affect sea surface temperature (SST) is Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM). The GAMM is able to analyze more complex, especially those related to random effect and data which have not normal distribution. The purposes of this study is to construct a model of SST dataset by interacting with several variables, then the factors that affect SST be discovered. The type of data that used in this research is secondary data obtained through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration website. The data has been taken from 2 locations, namely points 4°N90°E and 1.5°N90°E. The data used is daily unitin periods from September 17, 2006 to June 14, 2017. The variables used are SST, wind speed, air temperature, dynamic height, heat content, rainfall, relative humidity, shortwave radiation, sea surface density, and sea surface salinity, and a random effect namely location. Based on the results obtained the best model is the third model with Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion and log-likelihood values respectively are -986,021, -894,911, and 515,752. Then the factors that significantly affect SST are wind speed (X1), air temperature (X2), dynamic height (X3), heat content (X4), sea surface density (X8), and sea surface salinity (X9). Furthermore, there are several interacting predictor variables that affect SST including interactions between air temperature and dynamic height, dynamic height and sea surface density, wind speed and rainfall, and air temperature with sea surface density.
Knowledge level of earthquake and tsunami disaster at disaster preparedness school and non-disaster preparedness school in Kuta Raja sub-district of Banda Aceh
Authors: Hasan Basri Teuku , Nuraini  , Raisa Sitti
Published: July 2019

Banda Aceh is one of the worst affected areas in the earthquake and tsunami on 26 December 2004, which claimed more than 75% of casualties and also flattened almost all the buildings in this region.After the Tsunami disaster, various international and local agencies, as well as the government, together with tried to rebuild the affected areas includingBanda Aceh.The Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) of Syiah Kuala University has begun to build Disaster Preparedness School (SSB) the program that directly touching the main stakeholders in creating disaster-resistant communities.Kuta Raja which is one of the sub-districts in Banda Acehthat is also vulnerable to earthquake and tsunami disaster so it becomes one of the focus in Disaster Preparedness School program.This research was conducted to know what level of Earthquake disaster knowledge and Tsunami in Disaster Preparedness School and Non-Disaster Preparedness School students in Kuta Raja Sub-district of Banda Aceh. The population in this study amounted to 4 elementary schools (2 SSB and 2 non-SSB). Because the population is above 100, the sample is taken 20% from 196, so the total is 40 students for SSB School and 40 students for Non-SSB School.To achieve the research objectives, the method used is a descriptive method with data collection questionnaire technique. Data analysis technique used is calculated asthe percentage by using a simple statistic formula.The results showed that the number of students of the Disaster Preparedness School (SSB) responded to the questionnaire with the correct answer percentage of 46.3% (less), while the Non-SSB students had the correct answer percentage of 66.3% (enough).
An overview of the down-scaling values of physical and social vulnerability parameters for tsunami disaster at the city level - a case study of Banda Aceh
Authors: Sugiarti A S , Meilianda E , Fatimah E
Published: July 2019

The Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami occurred on December 26, 2004, has been one of the deadliest disasters in modern history. Banda Aceh City is one of the severely affected cities by the disaster. Many of the casualties were due to lack of knowledge in the community about the disaster and preparedness in facing the disaster. Now, after more than 10 years since the deadly disaster, the Indonesian government has created disaster risk maps for the provincial level and utilizing some of the provincial level parameters to create a district-or city-level risk maps. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamics of physical and social vulnerabilities at the district level over the last 10 years and to evaluate the sensitivity of the disaster vulnerability values by down-scaling the parameter values to the district or city level. This study is using Geographic Information System (GIS), which spatial data are encompassing the infrastructure, housings and the growth of population at risk up to the year 2017. The results reveal the remarkable distribution of risk levels at each investigated village. The physical vulnerability is valued moderately in Banda Aceh city about 54% whereby Gampong Laksana at Kuta Alam sub-district are among the highest vulnerability areas (0.933). As for the social vulnerability is valued high in Banda Aceh city, the highest vulnerable areas are located in Punge Ujong at Meuraxa sub-district (0.833). Overall, the vulnerability parameter value for a tsunami disaster in Banda Aceh city remains high, particularly at those villages located very close to the sea. More mitigation effort should, therefore, be reinforced at those highly risky coastal areas.
Dhamar Wulan and Menak Jinggo War; Mythological Interpretation on The Perception of Disaster Risk at Raung Eruption
Authors: Purnomo A , Kurniawan B
Published: July 2019

The response in the face of disaster provided by the community depends on many factors, one of which is the perception they build by the knowledge, experience, or inheritance of its predecessor. In the case of people who have little contact with information technology, perceptions will be strongly influenced by the inheritance of their predecessors. As in dealing with disasters, they will use the knowledge gained from the experience or knowledge of previous generations. This article aims to interpret the public perception of Bondowoso Regency about the risk of volcanic eruption disaster. Using a qualitative approach with 64 subjects representing three districts namely, Tlogosari, Sempol, and Sumber Wringin. Interview techniques are used for data collection which is then analyzed by four-stage interactive analysis model; (1) Data collection, (2) Data reduction, (3) Data Display, and (4) Verification. Residents from the eight villages believe that the flow of lava (lava flow) in the area they live in is the former blood flow from the fight Dhamar Wulan and Menak Jinggo. So there is no disaster threat in their neighborhood. This knowledge is passed on to the next generation. When confidence in the environment mixes with information from authorities, they still believe that the environment in which they are raised will not pose a catastrophic threat. They are just natural routines that have been experienced by previous generations.
Community Resilience: Lesson Learnt from Disaster Survivors in Yogyakarta Province Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Z
Published: July 2019

This article describes community resilience in disaster survivors in Yogyakarta Province. Model of community resilience applied in Cangkringan, an affected districts by the Merapi eruption disaster in 2010. The aims of this research are, first, to clarify the definition of community resilience in disaster studies; second, to understand how the community resilience process in affected people, and finally to interpret the disaster as a ‘window of opportunity’ for sustainable trajectories. Participants were drawn from the inhabitants of Cangkringan districts Yogyakarta Province. It illustrates the concept model of ‘community resilience’, which is widely explored from community perspectives. This research also seeks to understand how the community resilience process can be enacted in alternative social practices. It found that number of themes emerged in community resilience integrated model includes partnership and institutional, education and engagement, available resources (personal and culture values, psychological strength), also risk and vulnerability groups in society.
Disaster preparedness in the red zone schools at 13 years post tsunami 2004
Authors: Yusuf S , Asniar  , Rachmalia  , Susanti S S
Published: July 2019

Based on the Indonesian Disaster Risk Index, 75% schools in Indonesia are located in the medium to high-risk disaster-prone area. However, many educational institutions in Indonesia especially in Aceh Province, still consider disaster preparedness as inessential issues and tend to be ignored. This study aims to evaluate the preparedness of the high risk school communities after 13 years of post - tsunami 2014; related to policy parameters, knowledge, emergency planning, disaster warning systems and resource mobilization capacity. This is a descriptive explorative study using questionnaires to collect data from 80 elementary school teachers and 265 elementary students. A semi structured interviews with eight elementary school principals was also conducted to enrich the research findings. The study findings show that the school preparedness is in the low category (total index value 20.50); school teacher preparedness is in the medium category (total index value 61.79) and student preparedness is in the low category (total index value 52.12). The preparedness of the school community (a composite index of school institutions, teachers and students) is also in low category (total index value 43.09). The result of the study indicated that disaster preparedness programs in most elementary schools have not been well implemented. The lack of sustainability of the disaster preparedness school program and its monitoring and evaluation might contribute to this condition.
Communicating Risk in Enhancing Disaster Preparedness: A Pragmatic Example of Disaster Risk Communication Approach from the Case of Smong Story
Authors: Rahman Alfi , Munadi Khairul
Published: July 2019

Communicating risk has been widely accepted as a key strategy in mitigating the the impact of disasters. The concepts and practices of risk communication have been evolving since the 1980s due to the complexity and diversity of risk, developments in the communication sciences, and the complex nature of stakeholders and media. Failure to communicate risk may lead to an increase in the number of fatalities in future events. In this study, disaster risk communication (DRC) is proposed based on Lasswell’s communication model and seen as an interactive process of exchanging information and opinions about risk among individuals, groups, and institutions to help them reduce uncertainty and undertake appropriate decisions and actions in the event of disaster. This study also describes the case study of the Smong story, which was successfully used to convey a simple tsunami risk message and help people make appropriate decisions, undertake appropriate actions, and save lives during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It involves multiple factors, such as messages about the nature of risk and other messages, not strictly about risk, that express concerns, opinions, or reactions to risk or to legal or institutional arrangements for risk management in strengthening community preparedness before, during, and after disasters.
Fiqh Anticipation: Mitigation Concept Based on Islamic Law
Authors: Iskandar Mizaj
Published: July 2019

Disasters as social phenomena that occur when a community suffers from disruption and loss due to natural processes or technological accidents. Based on this definition, earthquake, tsunami and other disasters are not limited to natural disasters, it can also be a social disaster if the natural disaster is directly in contact with humans and causes material and immaterial losses. Indonesia as a country with the largest Muslim population in the world cannot be separated from Islam in various aspects of life, including the issue of disaster mitigation. for Indonesian Muslims, religious entities are perceived to be bigger than state entities. Therefore, the mitigation approach of science must be harmonized with religious teachings. With the result that natural disaster mitigation is widely accepted by the community. Contemporary Islamic scholars, especially those who have been involved in statistics and other related sciences, will dare to state that future estimates based on honest and correct statistical calculations can be regarded as reality, because according to scientific calculations it is relatively certain to occur. Therefore Fiqh anticipation as one of the mitigation management in Islam can take the form in the following three steps; (1) Reducing or avoiding the impact of losses from natural disaster hazards; (2) Ensure fast arrival of assistance to victims; (3) Achieve a quick and effective recovery of society.
Drinking Water Bags Based on Chitosan Forward Osmosis Membranes for Emergency Drinking Water Supply
Authors: Saiful  , Riana Ulfa , Marlina  , Ramli Muliadi , Mahmud Nizar
Published: July 2019

A fast and simple method and technologies in drinking water supply are strongly needed in an emergency situation. One alternative method is based on membrane forwards osmosis (FO) technology. In this study, chitosan-based FO membranes have been developed into drinking water bags used as purification media for dirty water and seawater. The chitosan membrane used for the assembly of drinking water bags has a thickness of 0.043 mm, the porosity of 30.3%, the tensile strength of 28.83 kgf / mm2, swelling degree of 43.5% and elongation of 7.16%. The drinking water bags are made from a combination of polypropylene plastic (PP) and aluminum foil plastic with the interface of the FO membrane inside. The drinking water bag can be applied to purify dirty water and seawater into energy drinking water, which can be used for drinking water supply in an emergency situation. Energy drinks water is produced from the FO process using a variety of draw solution, specifically glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The highest drinking water flux was obtained by using 3M sucrose concentration as a draw solution. The clean water fluxes for dirty water and seawater samples were 5.25 L/m2hour and 4.25 L/m2hour respectively. The parameters drinking water quality test are proved that pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, electrical conductivity, heavy metals and the content of Escherichia coli bacteria are agreed with drinking water quality standards based on PERMENKES regulations No. 492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010. The FO drinking water bag based chitosan membrane has the potential to be used as an alternative solution for energy drinking water supply in an emergency.
Spatial Autocorrelation of Earthquake Magnitudes in Tripa Fault, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sofyan H , Rahayu L , Lusiani E
Published: July 2019

The position of Aceh coincides with the fault zone along the Bukit Barisan called Sumatran Fault. The Tripa Fault is marked by the mountainous area and the trajectory of the Kuala Tripa and Meureubo Rivers along 180 km. Tripa faults are categorized as active faults indicated by the occurrence of several destructive earthquakes in the region. One effort that can be done to reduce the negative impacts caused by the earthquake disaster is to make predictions by mapping the occurrence of earthquakes. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the incidence of earthquakes in the Tripa Fault region of Aceh Province. The data used in this study are earthquake occurrence parameters in the Tripa Fault region from 1990-2017. The results obtained show that there is a global spatial autocorrelation between the magnitude of the occurrence of earthquakes in the region around the Tripa Fault in Aceh Province with several magnitudes of earthquake events having local spatial autocorrelation.
Conceptual Design of Mobile Application for Post-disaster Rapid Assessment of Damaged Houses
Authors: Setyawati I , Munadi K , Idris Y , Syamsidik  , Muchallil S
Published: July 2019

The current rapid assessment of post-earthquake damaged houses has been done manually. The determination of the damage level is also very subjective. Moreover, the available time during a rapid assessment and limited number of enumerators lead to ineffective decisions for responses and assistances. There are several application had appeared trying to answer the problems, but still they have many types of data that need to be input and even need a lot of time to process. The system design to be simple, more user-friendly and time efficient to be operated during the assessment. This study is aimed to develop a conceptual design of a system to collect data of houses damaged by earthquake using mobile application which propose to work both online and offline. The system will consists of five components: mobile device, user, data center (web server and database), internet, and data processing center (administrator and manager to verify and analyze the data). The application design to be integrated with Google Maps containing concise data entry to facilitate users (trained users and common users) and to shorten the time of data collection. Final collected data will be presented through the website and perform descriptive and spatial analysis.
What are determining factors of tourist loyalty to tsunami affected tourism destination?
Authors: Syafruddin  , Fahlevi H , Jalaluddin
Published: July 2019

The rapid development of the tsunami tourism attraction combined by the Islamic tourism of Aceh has contributed to the advancement of local people economy including the victims who live surrounding the attraction sites. However, researches on tourists of tsunami-affected area and its dimension are still scanty. This study is imperative because tsunami tourism offers uniqueness and risks for the tourists. Having understanding the perception of tourists, the quality and attractiveness of tsunami tourism can be optimized. Thus, this study aimed to investigate potential determinants of tourist loyalty to tsunami-affected tourism destination. There are 3 potential determinants tested in this study, namely tsunami attraction image, perceived value, and tourist satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to define the determinant variables (competitive tsunami attraction image, perceived value, and tourist satisfaction) of tourist loyalty to tsunami-affected tourism destination using an SEM approach. A proposed research model in which six direct and four mediations hypothesis was developed and tested. Empirical data collected at major tsunami tourism destinations in Banda Aceh. Data gathered through questioners and interviews with tourists who are visiting Banda Aceh especially the visitors of Museum Tsunami, “Kapal di atas Rumah” (boat on the house) and “Kapal Apung”. A total of 328 questionnaires were returned and data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The mediation hypothesis was tested by using Bootstrapping with AMOS] and Mediation Test proposed by Barron and Kenny. Results supported the proposed loyalty model: (1) Competitive Tsunami Tourist Attractions has a positive direct influence on Perceived Value, Tourist Satisfaction and Tourist Loyalty to Tsunami Tourism Destination. (2) Perceived Value and Satisfaction Tourists also have a direct influence on Tourist Loyalty to Tsunami Tourism Destination. (3) From 4 mediation hypotheses proposed only 3 of them were supported. This implies that to increase the tourist loyalty to tsunami-affected tourism destination, the government need to focus on increasing the competitiveness of Tsunami Tourist Attractions. This can be done through the improvement of the tourism objects and the supporting business environment (awareness, amenities, accessibility, accommodation, attractiveness).
Increased frequency of and population exposure to extreme heat index days in the United States during the 21st century
Authors: Dahl Kristina , Licker Rachel , Abatzoglou John T , Declet-Barreto Juan
Published: July 2019

The National Weather Service of the United States uses the heat index—a combined measure of temperature and relative humidity—to define risk thresholds warranting the issuance of public heat alerts. We use statistically downscaled climate models to project the frequency of and population exposure to days exceeding these thresholds in the contiguous US for the 21st century with two emissions and three population change scenarios. We also identify how often conditions exceed the range of the current heat index formulation. These ‘no analog’ conditions have historically affected less than 1% of the US by area. By mid-21st century (2036–2065) under both emissions scenarios, the annual numbers of days with heat indices exceeding 37.8 °C (100 °F) and 40.6 °C (105 °F) are projected to double and triple, respectively, compared to a 1971–2000 baseline. In this timeframe, more than 25% of the US by area would experience no analog conditions an average of once or more annually and the mean duration of the longest extreme heat index event in an average year would be approximately double that of the historical baseline. By late century (2070–2099) with a high emissions scenario, there are four-fold and eight-fold increases from late 20th century conditions in the annual numbers of days with heat indices exceeding 37.8 °C and 40.6 °C, respectively; 63% of the country would experience no analog conditions once or more annually; and extreme heat index events exceeding 37.8 °C would nearly triple in length. These changes amount to four- to 20-fold increases in population exposure from 107 million person-days per year with a heat index above 37.8 °C historically to as high as 2 billion by late century. The frequency of and population exposure to these extreme heat index conditions with the high emissions scenario is roughly twice that of the lower emissions scenario by late century.
A comprehensive comparison and analysis of computational predictors for RNA N6-methyladenosine sites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , He Jingjing , Zhao Shihao , Tao Wei , Xiong Yi , Bi Shoudong
Published: July 2019

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, as one of the commonest post-transcription modifications in RNAs, has been reported to be highly related to many biological processes. Over the past decade, several tools for m6A sites prediction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been developed and are freely available online. However, the quality of predictions by these tools is difficult to quantify and compare. In this study, an independent dataset M6Atest6540 was compiled to systematically evaluate nine publicly available m6A prediction tools for S. cerevisiae. The experimental results indicate that RAM-ESVM achieved the best performance on M6Atest6540; however, most models performed substantially worse than their performances reported in the original papers. The benchmark dataset Met2614, which was used as the training dataset for the nine methods, were further analyzed by using a position bias index. The results demonstrated the significantly different bias of dataset Met2614 compared with the RNA segments around m6A sites recorded in RMBase. Moreover, newMet2614 was collected by randomly selecting RNA segments from non-redundant data recorded in RMBase, and three different kinds of features were extracted. The performances of the models built on Met2614 and newMet2614 with the features were compared, which shows the better generalization of models built on newMet2614. Our results also indicate the position-specific propensity-based features outperform other features, although they are also easily over-fitted on a biased dataset.
The Emotional Particulars of Working on Rape Cases: Doing Dirty Work, Managing Emotional Dirt and Conceptualizing ‘Tempered Indifference’
Authors: Gunby Clare , Carline Anna
Published: July 2019

This paper asks: In what ways are the work of rape barristers dirty, with a particular focus on emotional dirt? What impact do clients’ burdensome emotions and affects have on barristers and what mechanisms are used to manage this taint? Based on 39 interviews with advocates from four English cities, we argue that emotional dirt is central to the taint of the role. Barristers must distance themselves from emotional dirt in order to maintain objectivity, yet simultaneously invest in those emotions in order to convince a jury. In these contradictory circumstances, barristers employ what we term ‘tempered indifference’, a form of emotional work premised on strategically turning emotions down. However, the subsequent ability to turn them back on remains debatable.
A semi-parametric statistical test to compare complex networks
Authors: Fujita Andre , Silva Lira Eduardo , Siqueira Santos Suzana de , Bando Silvia Yumi , Eleuterio Soares Gabriela , Takahashi Daniel Yasumasa
Published: July 2019

The modelling of real-world data as complex networks is ubiquitous in several scientific fields, for example, in molecular biology, we study gene regulatory networks and protein–protein interaction (PPI)_networks; in neuroscience, we study functional brain networks; and in social science, we analyse social networks. In contrast to theoretical graphs, real-world networks are better modelled as realizations of a random process. Therefore, analyses using methods based on deterministic graphs may be inappropriate. For example, verifying the isomorphism between two graphs is of limited use to decide whether two (or more) real-world networks are generated from the same random process. To overcome this problem, in this article, we introduce a semi-parametric approach similar to the analysis of variance to test the equality of generative models of two or more complex networks. We measure the performance of the proposed statistic using Monte Carlo simulations and illustrate its usefulness by comparing PPI networks of six enteric pathogens.
The structural properties and the spanning trees entropy of the generalized Fractal Scale-Free Lattice
Authors: Mokhlissi Raihana , Lotfi Dounia , El Marraki Mohamed , Debnath Joyati
Published: July 2019

Enumerating all the spanning trees of a complex network is theoretical defiance for mathematicians, electrical engineers and computer scientists. In this article, we propose a generalization of the Fractal Scale-Free Lattice and we study its structural properties. As its degree distribution follows a power law, we prove that the proposed generalization does not affect the scale-free property. In addition, we use the electrically equivalent transformations to count the number of spanning trees in the generalized Fractal Scale-Free Lattice. Finally, in order to evaluate the robustness of the generalized lattice, we compute and compare its entropy with other complex networks having the same average degree.
Influence of oral administration of Akkermansia muciniphila on the tissue distribution and gut microbiota composition of acute and chronic cadmium exposure mice
Authors: Feng Saisai , Liu Yang , Huang Yanyang , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Zhai Qixiao , Chen Wei
Published: July 2019

Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a serious food safety problem. Acute and chronic Cd exposure changes the gut microbiota composition and damages the gut barrier function. Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK), a promising candidate for the next-generation probiotics, has been reported to protect the mucus layer in the colon and significantly decrease the effects of Cd exposure in mice. Thus, the mice model was adopted to investigate the influence of oral administration of AKK on the toxic distribution and changes of gut microbiota composition caused by acute and chronic Cd exposure. In both acute and chronic Cd exposure experiments, 40 mice were divided into four groups (normal group, AKK group, Cd group and Cd plus AKK group). The Cd contents in feces and tissues were measured by a flame or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gut microbiota composition was determined through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the gavage of AKK could not reduce the accumulation of Cd in the liver and kidney. The oral administration of AKK showed a certain influence on the gut microbiota composition of acute Cd exposure mice and limited influence on that of chronic Cd exposure mice. These results indicate the failure of AKK, as a potential protective probiotic, to reduce Cd toxicity. However, the gavage of AKK did have an influence on the gut microbiota composition of normal mice, especially on some genera in the Clostridiales order. Besides, when considering AKK’s probiotic potential and its effects on host health and disease, we should take into consideration its influence on the gut microbiota composition and micro-environment.
Ecological Gait as a Fall Indicator in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Job Mirko , Dottor Alberto , Viceconti Antonello , Testa Marco
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives

Falls represent a major threat for elders, affecting their life quality and expectancy. Clinical tests and questionnaires showed low diagnostic value with respect to fall risk. Modern sensor technology allows in-home gait assessments, with the possibility to register older adults’ ecological mobility and, potentially, to improve accuracy in determining fall risk. Hence, we studied the correlation between standardized assessments and ecological gait measures, comparing their ability to identify fall risk and predict prospective falls

Research Design and Method

A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement guidelines.

Results

From a total of 938 studies screened, nine articles with an observational study design were included. Evidence from selected works was subcategorized in (i) correlations between ecological and clinical measures and comparative statistics of (ii) prospective fall prediction and (iii) fall risk identification. A large number of correlations were observed between single ecological gait assessments and multiple clinical fall risk evaluations. Moreover, the combination of daily-life features and clinical tests outcomes seemed to improve diagnostic accuracy in fall risk identification and fall prediction. However, it was not possible to understand the extent of this enhancement due to the high variability in models’ parameters.

Discussion and Implications

Evidence suggested that sensor-based ecological assessments of gait could boost diagnostic accuracy of fall risk measurement protocols if used in combination with clinical tests. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to understand what ecological features of gait should be considered and to standardize models’ definition.
Complex Transmission Patterns and Age-Related Dynamics of a Selfish mtDNA Deletion
Authors: Sullins Jennifer A , Coleman-Hulbert Anna L , Gallegos Alexandra , Howe Dana K , Denver Dee R , Estes Suzanne
Published: July 2019

Despite wide-ranging implications of selfish mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) elements for human disease and topics in evolutionary biology (e.g., speciation), the forces controlling their formation, age-related accumulation, and offspring transmission remain largely unknown. Selfish mtDNA poses a significant challenge to genome integrity, mitochondrial function, and organismal fitness. For instance, numerous human diseases are associated with mtDNA mutations; however, few genetic systems can simultaneously represent pathogenic mitochondrial genome evolution and inheritance. The nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae is one such system. Natural C. briggsae isolates harbor varying levels of a large-scale deletion affecting the mitochondrial nduo-5 gene, termed nad5Δ. A subset of these isolates contains putative compensatory mutations that may reduce the risk of deletion formation. We studied the dynamics of nad5Δ heteroplasmy levels during animal development and transmission from mothers to offspring in genetically diverse C. briggsae natural isolates. Results support previous work demonstrating that nad5Δ is a selfish element and that heteroplasmy levels of this deletion can be quite plastic, exhibiting high degrees of inter-family variability and divergence between generations. The latter is consistent with a mitochondrial bottleneck effect, and contrasts with previous findings from a laboratory-derived model uaDf5 mtDNA deletion in C. elegans. However, we also found evidence for among-isolate differences in the ability to limit nad5Δ accumulation, the pattern of which suggested that forces other than the compensatory mutations are important in protecting individuals and populations from rampant mtDNA deletion expansion over short time scales.
Absence of perioperative excessive bleeding in on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting cases performed by residents
Authors: Mazur Piotr , Litwinowicz Radosław , Krzych Łukasz , Bochenek Maciej , Wasilewski Grzegorz , Hymczak Hubert , Bartuś Krzysztof , Filip Grzegorz , Przybylski Roman , Kapelak Bogusław
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES

On-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with elevated bleeding risk. Our aim was to evaluate the role of surgical experience in postoperative blood loss.

METHODS

A propensity score-matched analysis was employed to compare on-pump CABG patients operated on by residents and specialists. End points included drainage volume and bleeding severity, as assessed by the Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding in cardiac surgery and E-CABG scale.

RESULTS

A total of 212 matched pairs (c-statistics 0.693) were selected from patients operated on by residents (n = 294) and specialists (n = 4394) between October 2012 and May 2018. Patients did not differ in bleeding risk. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative 6-, 12- and 24-h drainages between subjects operated on by residents and specialists, and there was no between-group difference in rethoracotomy or transfusion rate. There were no differences in Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding or E-CABG grades. In June 2018, after a median follow-up of 2.8 years (range 0.1–5.7 years), the overall survival was 94%, with no differences between the patients operated on by residents (95%) and specialists (92%) (P = 0.27).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients undergoing on-pump CABG, when operated on by a resident, are not exposed to an elevated bleeding risk, as compared with patients operated on by experienced surgeons.