bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Modern Machinery Replaces Laborers: A Comparative Study of Their Livelihood Before and After Implementation
Authors: Dilla Verline Gaudeene , Dalusong Reginald Ludwig , Elacion Lesley Jane , Mina Franz Cedrick , Vasquez Roxzyleen Andreih , Villarama Joseph
Published: July 2024

With modernization, the agricultural sector has increasingly adopted modern machinery, raising concerns about its impact on farm laborers, whose roles are being supplanted by these advanced technologies. This study examined the effects of mechanization on the livelihood of farmers in the Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Employing a phenomenological qualitative approach and convenience sampling, the research focused on five Filipino farmers who participated in in-depth, semistructured interviews using a validated, researcher-developed interview guide. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s 7-Step Method. The findings reveal that the prevalence of modern machines has significantly contributed to unemployment and financial hardship among farm laborers, posing challenges to their livelihoods. Additionally, the farmers highlighted the importance of education in the agricultural sector and the erosion of the "bayanihan spirit" (communal unity) due to the introduction of modern machinery. This study underscores the dual-edged nature of mechanization: while enhancing efficiency, it also inflicts substantial socio-economic costs on farm workers. Consequently, it calls for a deeper understanding and proactive measures to address the adverse effects on laborers affected by agricultural mechanization.
Ebu’l-Velîd el-Bâcî’nin İcmâ‘ Anlayışı
Authors: Alsaç Hatice
Published: July 2024

Ebu’l-Velîd el-Bâcî (öl. 474/1081), Mâlikî mezhebinin Endülüs’teki önde gelen temsilcilerindendir. Özellikle İḥkāmu'l-fuṣūl fī aḥkāmi’l-uṣūl adlı eseri, Mâlikî mezhebinin usûle dair görüşleri açısından elimizde bulunan önemli eserlerdendir. Bâcî’nin usûl alanındaki eserleri, fıkıh usûlü alanında dönüm noktası olarak değerlendirilmekte ve Mâlikî usûlüne dair telîfâtın yayılmasını sağladığı kabul edilmektedir. Bâcî, usûl eserlerinde icmâ‘a dair hemen her meseleye değinmiştir. Görüşlerini beyan ederken daha çok karşıt görüş sahiplerinin argümanları üzerinden açıklamalar geliştirmiş olması dikkat çekmektedir. Bâkillânî (öl. 403/1013) ve Şîrâzî (öl. 476/1083) gibi âlimlerle zaman zaman aynı görüşte olduğu, farklı görüşte olduğunda da bunu aktarmaktan çekinmediği görülmektedir. Bâcî’nin Mâlikî mezhebi özelinde icmâ‘-ı ehl-i Medine konusuna dair getirdiği açıklamalar önemlidir. O, bu konuda nakil ve akıl cihetinden bir ayrıma gitmekte ve naklî konularda Medine ehline/halkına ayrıca ihtimam gösterilmesini, bu nakillerin tevâtür derecesinde oldukları gerekçesiyle açıklamaktadır. Akıl cihetiyle bilinecek meselelerde ise İmam Mâlik (öl. 179/795) açısından da Medine ile diğer bölgelerin ehilleri arasında bir fark olmadığına dikkat çekmektedir. Bâcî, doğrudan bir mezhep taassubu gütmemekle beraber, Mâlikî mezhebine yöneltilen itiraz ve ithamlara da cevaplar vermektedir.
Analysis and Evaluation of Software Tools for Creating HDR Images from LDR with Multiple Exposures
Authors: Gjorgjieski Vladimir ,   International Balkan University, Skopje, North Macedonia
Published: July 2024

The human visual system has the capacity of instantaneously receiving a large amount of visual information about an abundance of details and numerous colors in a different dynamic range of light. To reproduce this is challenging since even the latest technology has limited abilities regarding the representation of the actual lighting. The HDR technology reproduces lightning rather faithfully. As a result, different techniques and software tools for creating HDR images are currently being developed. So far, combining LDR images of the same scene, taken with different exposition times, to produce an HDR image, has seemed to be the most reliable and the most common method in use. The area is in the early stages of development, so several software development companies are working on tools for the purpose of getting better and better results. Since neither a standardized method nor a possible candidate for a superior or even a preferable tool has emerged up to now, assessing the quality of HDR images created with each of the available and marketed tools appears to be an inevitability. The evaluation in this case is, nevertheless, a delicate matter, since the end user is the human eye, i.e., the very subjective human perception. To overcome this difficulty, both psychophysical and psychometrical experiments are extensively used. The study is aimed at analyzing the possibilities and the end results of the LDR-to-HDR procedure, using each of the leading software tools for creating HDR images. The goal is to contribute to the creation of standard methods and tools for creating images with high dynamic range.
Art Redefined: AI's Influence on Traditional Artistic Expression
Authors: Gjorgjieski Vladimir ,   International Balkan University, Skopje, North Macedonia
Published: July 2024

In this article, we embark on a journey exploring the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on various art forms such as painting, sculpture, photography, and illustration. The beginning of this document serves as a brief overview, covering the historical evolution of AI in the art world and discussing theories at the intersection of AI and traditional artistic practices. It also provides a thorough examination of case studies, showcasing artists, who have integrated AI techniques into their usual mediums. The investigation closely looks at the use of AI and discerns differences in approaches among these artists. Moreover, we have conducted a detailed inquiry into the ethical and sociocultural implications of the AI integration in traditional art, touching on concerns about authorship, ownership, and cultural appropriation. The discussion extends to the impact on the art market and the industry. This exploration encompasses the various aspects that AI introduces to conventional art forms. Regarding illustration, the piece delves into the use of AI algorithms, guiding the creation of digital artworks and supporting artists in the creative process. Notably, these algorithms play a crucial role in illustration, prompting discussions about originality, creative innovation, and AI as a tool to enhance artistic creativity. The conclusion summarizes key findings, resonating not only in the art world but also having broader implications for the visual arts and media industry. The intersection of AI and traditional art forms presents both opportunities and challenges, poised to reshape the landscape of creative expression and artistic endeavor.
Botanical observations from a threatened riverine lowland forest in Aborlan, Palawan, Philippines
Authors: van Beijnen Jonah , Jose Edgar
Published: July 2024

This research provided a general overview of the vegetation structure of the Talakaigan watershed, Aborlan, Palawan, Philippines, with highlights on some ecological aspects of selected flora and intent of providing urgently needed data supporting existing conservation efforts in the area. Observations were carried during regular trekking activities in the watershed and surrounding areas from 2009 to 2016. Photographs were taken to facilitate species identification. Several noteworthy observations are presented, including a new locality for Begonia palawanensis, a short description of several new species of Begonia and notes on a large population of the Critically Endangered Orania paraguanensis, including details on the early life history of these palm. A large number of anthropogenic disturbances were observed in the area, including well-intended forestation and development efforts by the local and provincial government. Since the watershed does not hold any formal protective status, these disturbances pose a serious threat to the future existence of this unique watershed and some of the endemic species it contains. Our findings support the call to declare the entire watershed as an official protected area.
Water lettuce and water spinach as potential feed ingredients for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Manuel Eljhon , Gutierrez Regie , Naorbe Marissa
Published: July 2024

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an omnivore and is considered as one of the important aquaculture commodities. Different plant-based ingredients like corn, “ipil-ipil” leaves and even micro and macroalgae were already tested to reduce the cost on the use of animal-based protein source. This preliminary study therefore, is an attempt to assess the potential of water lettuce and water spinach as feed ingredients through average body weight (ABW), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of juvenile O. niloticus. Three treatments [water lettuce (WL), water spinach (WS), water lettuce and water spinach (WL+WS)] were prepared in the form of three different diets [Diet 1 (1:1 water lettuce: fish meal), Diet 2 (1:1 water spinach: fish meal) and Diet 3 (1:0.5:0.5) (fish meal: water lettuce: water spinach)] each replicated thrice and fed to tilapia for 60 days. Tilapia growth showed no significant differences in all diets. The diet with water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) significantly improved the SGR. Based on the result, the I. aquatica could be included both in a simple or complex diet together with water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes). It took 30 days for O. niloticus to adjust to the introduced diets as reflected to their survival rate but the FCR was higher when fed with the test diets compared to the recorded commercially-fed tilapia. Overall, I. aquatica has an excellent performance for O. niloticus culture.
Empathizing the Effect of Mobile Coupon Promotions on Social Shopping Behaviour
Authors: Kadiresan Vimala , Hameed S. Shahul , Subramaniam Bala
Published: July 2024

The rise of e-commerce has led to a surge in sales promotions, with over 50% of consumers in 26 countries shopping from overseas retailers. This has prompted retailers to target a borderless market space, with India ranking third globally in e-service consumption. Promotions on social networking sites are driven by factors like self-confidence, social interaction, reciprocity, and perceived economic benefits. Positive reinforcement of m-coupon sharing behaviours may reinforce these behaviours. The study emphasizes the need for a better understanding of promotions and their impact on consumer evaluation of information sharing in social networking sites across food delivery services. A study using a positivist paradigm, cross-sectional approach, and convenience sampling found a strong correlation between social interaction and intention to share m-coupons. Factors like self-confidence, reciprocity, perceived economic benefits, and coupon proneness also play significant roles. The research suggests that e-retailers can use third-party reviews and deal popularity to improve their services. Understanding consumer psyche and past purchase behaviours is crucial for customizing promotions and increasing profitability. The study also highlights the origin of micro-influencers and the need for further research on user motivations in shaping these influencers.
Ferroelectric behavior and NCFETs - TCAD Simulation
Authors: Darmis Naimah , Alam AHM Zahirul , Mohd Hashim Muhaimin
Published: July 2024

With the miniaturization of transistors, the current leakage also increases due to the increasing tunnelling effect. Plus, Boltzmann’s tyranny limits the subthreshold swing to be best and ideal at 60 mV/decade. Due to these, the power consumption in transistors keeps soaring up. Therefore, in this paper, the Negative Capacitance Effect Field Transistor (NCFET) is discussed as it possesses excellent potentials in reducing the power consumption in transistors. The negative capacitance induced in NCFET enables the internal voltage amplification and reduces the required voltage for the transistor to operate, and therefore, the power consumption is reduced. The literature reviews are done to gain knowledge on the structure and behavior of the NCFET. Next, the process and device simulation of NMOS are studied using Silvaco TCAD to get the idea of developing a circuit simulator model of NCFET. After that, we developed the circuit model of NCFET and MOSFET. Next, the ferroelectric parameters are varied to study how it will affect the ferroelectric material's polarization and capacitance. The ferroelectric thickness and source-drain doping concentration of the proposed NCFET model is also varied to study the NCFET behaviors in peak current, subthreshold slope, saturation current and saturation slope. Lastly, the performances of NCFET and MOSFET are compared. It is found that the NCFET has better performance as compared to the MOSFET as the NCFET can achieve a steeper subthreshold slope.
Mega Projects Evaluation Criteria: Case Studies from Kuwait Industrial Project
Authors: Alrashidi Meshari , Adesta Erry Y. T.
Published: July 2024

Mega Urban Regeneration Projects (MURPs) have become key features of regeneration in many cities. Like many large projects, MURPs, because of their complexity and scale, often face the difficulties of being over-budget or late. This research aims to develop and validate a new framework to evaluate mega urban regeneration projects. Four objectives were formulated to address those problems. Firstly, to explore the nexus between MURP, urban transformation, and globalization. Secondly, to identify the characteristics of sustainable mega urban regeneration projects. Thirdly, to investigate existing sustainable urban regeneration frameworks. Fourthly, develop a framework to evaluate Mega Urban Regeneration Projects and, finally, validate the framework.
Multiprocessor Arbitration for AMBA Interface in ASIC
Authors: Rokon Mohammed Iqbalur Rahman , Motakabber S. M. A. , Alam AHM Zahirul , Habaebi Mohamed Hadi , Matin Mohammad A
Published: July 2024

This paper addresses the multiprocessor arbitration for any System on Chip or ASIC. Any system, be it a simple controller or a very supplicated system, it needs a processor to operate. There are series of processors offered by Intel, AMD or processor companies. The previously single processor was used for any chop to access different targets. But technology advances, the industry felt the need for multiprocessor access for higher performance. To allow multiprocessor to access its targets, the system needs an efficient interface with a very sophisticated arbitration system. This paper researched to develop an improved hardware algorithm to allow multiprocessor access to the system. To design the hardware, a modern HDL based design methodology has been used. There are two industry-standard HDL by IEEE – VHDL and Verilog. Here Verilog is used. In HDL based d=hardware development, simulation is the most important part to verify the design’s functionality and make sure it is 100% correct. Otherwise, if any design problem goes forward undetected, that’ll cost so much money and time to go back and fix, in some cases, full respin. For hardware implementation, Xilinx FPGA Device has been targeted in this research. AMBA bus protocol used in this research is the industry-standard protocol for processor access and is very efficient and straightforward to use with any off the shelf macro available for the high-tech industry.
Analysis and Optimization of Fuzzy Logic Based MPPT for Grid Connected Photovoltaic System
Authors: Mmzr Alazmi Ahmad , Salam Syed Munimus , Mahbubur Rashid Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Solar is one of the most important renewable energy sources that consistently operates with clean, sustainable, and ecologically beneficial operations in the photovoltaic power producing station. Additionally, due to the nature of photovoltaic power, the fluctuating trend in PV system output energy reduces their dependability in terms of supplying consumers with uninterrupted energy. A significant benefit of photovoltaic (PV) structures is their capacity to harness the immense and unpredictable power of the sun. Strong sunlight environments have accelerated PV science, which is now present in high-efficiency regions and regions with frequent cloud cover. A modeling approach for renewable grid-connected microgrids is presented in this research. Under gloomy or foggy situations, the long rambling factor makes up the majority of solar insolation. This work simulates a PV system using MATLAB and uses a fuzzy method to monitor the component that consumes the most energy. The findings of the fuzzy Logic version were improved for validation, and they were also contrasted with those from other methods like perturb and observe (P&O) and proportional integral differential (PID).
Dual–Adaptive Redundancy Minimisation-Based Channel Estimation Method for MIMO OFDM Systems
Authors: Hasan Ahmad , Motakabber S. M. A. , Zahirul Alam AHM
Published: July 2024

Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (FOFDM) is one of the key candidates for harvesting the features that millimetre wave cellular communication is to offer for the 5G and beyond cellular generation. Its chief robust features are increased throughput, efficient spectral utilisation, and interference immunity. Some strict methodologies must be considered to fully utilise these inherent features, especially those allowing guard tones, accurate CSI management and other filter design parameters. This paper proposes a technique to exploit the added redundancies in pilot-based estimators. Here, the authors present an extension idea of an adaptive weight estimator with dual adaptive weights instead of one unique weight factor. We show that these redundancies are insignificant when considering the massive amount of data to be processed and thus can be eliminated to expedite the estimation process efficiently. We implement a weight-based estimator with the necessary accuracy threshold but faster converging to achieve this goal. Simulations follow to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Investigation of a Polymer-based SAW Sensor to Detect Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Authors: Mohamad Sabri Nur Fatin Nabilah , Za'bah Nor Farahidah , Md Ralib Aliza Aini
Published: July 2024

Two surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyisobutylene (PIB) layers respectively are modelled by using COMSOL Multiphysics software to detect acetone, benzene, and toluene. The main parameter of the SAW sensor is the thickness of the sensing layer, and the concentration of VOCs is varied to study their relationships with regard to the sensitivity of the SAW sensor. Both configurations portrayed the same pattern where the frequency shift and the sensitivity increase as the concentration of VOCs increases. In addition, the two layers have also produced promising results in sensing toluene even as low as 5 ppm which means that both layers are more selective towards toluene when the three VOCs are concurrently presented on the surface of the sensor. The data also shows that in detecting acetone and benzene, the PEI layer showed higher shifts in frequencies as compared to the PIB layer.
Design and Performance Analysis of 28 GHz two-port MIMO Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for 5G Applications
Authors: Ismam Shafiul , Hossain Delwar , Salam Syed Munimus , Rashid Muhammad Mahbubur
Published: July 2024

A rectangular microstrip patch antenna array with two ports, designed for operation in the mm-wave band at 28 GHz for 5G applications, has been developed to exhibit superior gain and efficiency. This paper introduces a 12-element array activated by a feed network utilizing a T-junction power combiner/divider. The array elements consist of rectangular patch antennas inserted throughout the structure. The designed array antenna exhibited a measured impedance bandwidth of 1.42 GHz. The simulated findings indicate that the antenna achieved a favorable impedance match, with isolation levels below -22 dB throughout the frequency range. The whole substrate board dimensions were 19.99 × 26.968 × 0.254 mm3. The array is positioned on the substrate material known as Rogers RT5880, resulting in a consistent and reliable radiation pattern. The CST MWS software is employed to model and simulate the microstrip patch array antenna. CST MWS is an electromagnetic simulator utilizing the Finite Integration in Technique (FIT) methodology to model and analyze full-wave electromagnetic phenomena accurately. The realized gain of 15 dBi has been reached for the combined array, whereas the individual arrays have a realized gain of 12.3 dBi. The calculated overall efficiency is roughly -0.5 decibels. The antenna array under consideration has demonstrated favorable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capabilities, as evidenced by an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.1.
Modelling and Control of a Magnetic Levitation System
Authors: Motakabber S. M. A. , Zahirul Alam AHM , Bin Kamal Khairul Izham
Published: July 2024

Magnetic Levitation Systems (MLS), or Maglev for short, utilise magnetic fields to levitate objects. They find applications in various scientific fields, particularly transportation, materials science, and biomedical engineering. Due to the diverse applications, different modelling and control approaches are necessary. The operation of each Maglev system depends on specific physical parameters. These key variables include the weight of the object being levitated, the current supplied to the system, the internal resistance and inductance of the electromagnet, and the distance between the object and the electromagnet. This research aims to understand the working principles of MLS. We will design and simulate a model based on real MLS hardware using MATLAB & Simulink. Additionally, we will create a functional Maglev prototype and program its control system using Arduino IDE and an Arduino microcontroller. MATLAB & Simulink offer a powerful tool for creating behavioral models for MLS. This model will then be integrated with Arduino programming to control the Maglev prototype.
Hepatocardiopulmonary hydatid cysts: A rare paediatric case
Authors: Mfingwana L , Goussard P , Van Wyk L , Andronikou S
Published: July 2024

Echinococcus granulosus (CE) is a worldwide public health problem causing considerable human morbidity and mortality. We report on a case of complicated paediatric echinococcosis as evidenced by pulmonary, hepatic and cardiac cysts. Combined surgery and chemotherapy represent an appropriate strategy for managing cardiac and cardiopulmonary echinococcosis. However, there is a pressing need for developing a prevention strategy, collaborative research efforts and establishing a registry for information sharing, particularly in SA and other endemic regions.
An audit of infants presenting with cholestatic jaundice at a secondary hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Yachad N , De Maayer T
Published: July 2024

Background. Neonatal cholestatic jaundice is a common paediatric condition with a paucity of recent local data and a notable absence of locally influenced diagnostic algorithms.
Objectives. To describe the causes of cholestatic jaundice, investigations conducted and patient outcomes.
Methods. This was a retrospective file review of 96 patients presenting to the Specialist Clinic at Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital in Johannesburg between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2020. Clinical features, serum biochemistry at presentation, diagnostic investigations (haematological, radiological and histological), diagnosis and outcome were analysed during data collection.
Results. Ninety-six patients were included in the study. The median age of jaundice onset was at 2 months, while the median age of presentation was 3.3 months. Causes of jaundice fell into three main categories: 38 had biliary atresia (BA); 24 had another specific diagnosis; and 34 remained without an underlying diagnosis (idiopathic neonatal hepatitis). An overall mortality rate of 26% was noted at a median (interquartile range) age of 13 (5 - 24) months and it was highest in the BA group (n=14; 56%).
Conclusion. The evaluation of neonatal jaundice requires a wide differential and expeditious referral to optimise outcomes and avoid complications. Many patients remained undiagnosed, and the overall prognosis was poor. The authors recommend the development of a locally relevant diagnostic protocol to minimise delays in the identification, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal jaundice.
Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in frost blisters of the Chara River valley, Transbaikalia
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij Kirillovich , Ginzburg Alexander Pavlovich , Tokarev Igor' Vladimirovich , Budantseva Nadine Arkad'evna , Vasil'chuk Alla Constantinovna , Palamarchuk Valentina Anatol'evna , Vasil'chuk Jessica Yur'evna , Bludushkina Lyubov' Bakhtiyarovna , Slyshkina Elena Sergeevna
Published: July 2024

The study's focus is on the distribution of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the ice cores of frost blisters in the Chara River valley, Transbaikalia. The Kodar and Udokan mountain ranges surround the Chara Depression. Cryogenic (frosty) heaving is common in high humidity areas with loamy, clay, and peaty sediments. In summer 2023, the authors described two seasonal frost blisters in swampy, forested depressions on the periphery of the Charsky Sands (in the so-called thermosuffusion funnels). Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of oxygen  (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) in blister ice were analyzed. It has been established that seasonal frost blisters are formed mainly due to downward freezing of the water-saturated active layer sediments, but in some cases, ice was formed as well due to upward freezing from the lower boundary of the active layer. The vertical distribution of the isotope values, as well as the δ2H-δ18O ratio in ice, indicates a relatively rapid freezing of water in closed system conditions during one cycle of freezing. In the ice layers sampled horizontally, very similar isotopic composition values were obtained (for example, in blister ice 1, δ18О values ranged from –17.51 to –17.32‰), which indicates consistent horizontal freezing of ice layers. The slopes of the δ2H-δ18О ratio lines for blister ice are 5.82 (blister ice 1) and 5.95 (blister ice 2). A decrease of the δ2H and δ18О values of blister ice on frost mounds with depth and a slope of the δ2H-δ18O ratio line less than 8–7.3 indicates water freezing under closed system conditions during one cycle without moisture inflow. The distribution of isotopic values in the blister ice of seasonal frost mound 2 may indicate simultaneous bilateral freezing of the water volume.
Anticancer effect of bioactive compound Apparicine isolated from the Tabernaemontana divaricata on retinoblastoma cancer cell line (Y79) and in silico docking approaches
Authors: Rajeswari Elango , Prakash Balu , Mahendran Durai , Natarajan Devarajan
Published: July 2024

Tabernaemontana divaricata is a widely recognized traditional medicinal plant utilized for alleviating a variety of ailments. The objective of this study was to utilize nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques for the identification of bioactive compounds found in the flowers of T. divaricata. Furthermore, the study assessed the cytotoxic effects of the plant extracts on the Y79 cell line, which is a human retinoblastoma cell line in addition to focusing on the in silico molecular docking approach. The better result of column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) fraction was collected from chloroform: methanol in the ratio of 9.05:0.5 and 9:1. The isolated compound Apparicine was structurally confirmed by 1H-NMR spectrum. 1H-NMR spectrum of Apparicine revealed the presence of the olefinic group appearing at 5.45–5.75 ppm, and 13C NMR spectrum of Apparicine revealed 17 carbon signals including 8 aromatics, 1 methyl, 4 methylene, and 4 olefinic carbons. Using mass spectrometry, the chemical Apparicine was confirmed when the molecular ions [M+H]+ peak were observed at 265.12 m/z. When the cytotoxic effect of Apparicine’s bioactive constituent was examined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, it was shown that cell viability decreased as the concentration increased and the IC50 value of 26.88 μg/ml was reported. In silico molecular docking studies were conducted to analyze the Apparicine compound and determine its binding affinity with retinoblastoma proteins (1GUX, 2QDJ, 6KMJ, and 4YOO). The study demonstrated that Apparicine from T. divaricata possesses strong cytotoxicity and may be recommended as a ligand for cancer protein targets.
The TTLL10 polyglycylase is stimulated by tubulin glutamylation and inhibited by polyglycylation
Authors: Cummings Steven W , Li Yan , Spector Jeffrey O , Kim Christopher , Roll-Mecak Antonina
Published: July 2024

Microtubules in cells have complex and developmentally stereotyped posttranslational modifications that support diverse processes such as cell division, ciliary growth and axonal specification. Glycylation, the addition of glycines, singly (monoglycylation) or in chains (polyglycylation), is primarily found on axonemal microtubules where it functions in cilia maintenance and motility. It is catalyzed by three enzymes in the tubulin tyrosine ligase- like family, TTLL3, 8 and 10. We show that TTLL8 monoglycylates both α- and β-tubulin, unlike TTLL3 which prefers β-tubulin. Microscopy and mass spectrometry show that TTLL10 requires monoglycylation for high affinity microtubule binding and elongates polyglycine chains only from pre-existing glycine branches. Surprisingly, tubulin polyglycylation inhibits TTLL10 recruitment to microtubules proportional with the number of posttranslationally added glycines, suggesting an autonomous mechanism for polyglycine chain length control. In contrast, tubulin glutamylation, which developmentally precedes polyglycylation in cilia, increases TTLL10 recruitment to microtubules, suggesting a mechanism for sequential deposition of tubulin modifications on axonemes. Our work sheds light on how the tubulin code is written by establishing the substrate preference and regulation of TTLL glycylases, and provides a minimal system for generating differentially glycylated microtubules for
in vitro
analyses of the tubulin code.
Molecular identification of Trichobilharzia species in recreational waters in North-Eastern Poland
Authors: Korycińska Joanna , Bulantová Jana , Horák Petr , Dzika Ewa
Published: July 2024

Background

In Europe, avian schistosomes of the genus Trichobilharzia are the most common etiological agents involved in human cercarial dermatitis (swimmer’s itch). Manifested by a skin rash, the condition is caused by an allergic reaction to cercariae of nonhuman schistosomes. Humans are an accidental host in this parasite’s life cycle, while water snails are the intermediate, and waterfowl are the final hosts. The study aimed to conduct a molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Trichobilharzia species occurring in recreational waters in North-Eastern Poland.

Methodology

The study area covered three water bodies (Lake Skanda, Lake Ukiel, and Lake Tyrsko) over the summer of 2021. In total, 747 pulmonate freshwater snails (Radix spp., Lymnaea stagnalis) were collected. Each snail was subjected to 1–2 h of light stimulation to induce cercarial expulsion. The phylogenetic analyses of furcocercariae were based on the partial sequence of the ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2 and 28SrDNA). For Radix spp. phylogenetic analyses were based on the ITS-2 region.

Results

The prevalence of the Trichobilharzia species infection in snails was 0.5%. Two out of 478 (0.4%) L. stagnaliswere found to be infected with Trichobilharzia szidati. Moreover, two out of 269 (0.7%) snails of the genus Radix were positive for schistosome cercariae. Both snails were identified as Radix auricularia. One of them was infected with Trichobilharzia franki and the other with Trichobilharzia sp.

Conclusions

Molecular identification of avian schistosome species, both at the intermediate and definitive hosts level, constitutes an important source of information on a potential threat and prognosis of local swimmer’s itch occurrence, and helps to determine species diversity in a particular area.
Evaluation of phytochemical profile, and antioxidant, antidiabetic activities of indigenous Thai fruits
Authors: Prakulanon Jirayupan , Duangsrisai Sutsawat , Vajrodaya Srunya , Thongchin Thanawat
Published: July 2024

Background

This research aims to explore the phenolics identification, phenolics quantification, antioxidant and potential biofunctional properties of lesser-known Thai fruits and their potency to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Including, Antidesma puncticulatum, Dillenia indica, Diospyros decandra, Elaeagnus latifolia, Flacourtia indica, Garcinia dulcis, Lepisanthes fruticose, Mimusops elengi, Muntingia calabura, Phyllanthus reticulatus, Streblus asper, Syzygium cumini, Syzygium malaccense, Willughbeia edulis and Schleichera oleosa were analyzed by their phenolic and flavonoid content. These fruits have received limited scientific attention, prompting an investigation into their health benefits, particularly their relevance to diabetes management.

Methods

The study utilized methanolic crude extracts to measure phenolic and flavonoid levels. Additionally, UHPLC-DAD was utilized to identify and quantify phenolics. The methanolic extracts were assessed for antioxidant and antidiabetic abilities, including α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition.

Results and Conclusion

The study highlighted S. cumini as a rich source of phenolic (980.42 ± 0.89 mg GAE/g and flavonoid (3.55 ± 0.02 mg QE/g) compounds with strong antioxidant activity (IC50 by DPPH; 3.00 ± 0.01 µg/ml, IC50 by ABTS; 40 ± 0.01 µg/ml, FRAP; 898.63 ± 0.02 mg TE/ml). Additionally, S. cumini exhibited promising antidiabetic effects (S. cumini IC50; 0.13 ± 0.01 mg/ml for α-glucosidase inhibition, 3.91 ± 0.05 mg/ml for α-amylase inhibition), compared to Acarbose (IC50; 0.86 ± 0.01 mg/ml for α-glucosidase inhibition, 0.39 ± 0.05 mg/ml for α-amylase inhibition). Remarkably, compounds like catechins, gallic acid, kaempferol, and ellagic acid were identified in various quantities.This study suggests that these fruits, packed with phenolics, hold the potential to be included in an anti-diabetic diet and even pharmaceutical applications due to their health-promoting properties.
Priorización curricular de inglés y decisiones curriculares en contexto de pandemia : percepciones de profesores de 7º básico a 2º medio de la Región Metropolitana
Authors:   , Río Salazar Marcia Andrea del
Published: July 2024

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo comprender las nociones de respeto presentes en los Objetivos de Aprendizaje Transversales del currículo chileno y en las Competencias Fundamentales del currículo de República Dominicana, a partir de una caracterización de las similitudes y diferencias en el abordaje curricular. En ese sentido, esta investigación pretende estudiar el respeto como un contenido curricular, a través de un análisis comparativo del currículo chileno y dominicano. Este estudio es iterativo y fronético, ya que en él se torna a la literatura revisada y se incorporan nuevas lecturas conforme avanza el mismo (Tracy, 2020). Asimismo, el enfoque metodológico utilizado se enmarca en el paradigma cualitativo. Este se orienta al estudio, en profundidad, del concepto de respeto presente en el apartado Objetivos de Aprendizajes Transversales de las Bases Curriculares (Ministerio de Educación [MINEDUC], 2015a) de 7° a 1° medio de Chile, en el apartado de Competencias Fundamentales de las Bases de la Revisión y Actualización Curricular (Ministerio de Educación [MINERD], 2016a) de República Dominicana y en el Diseño Curricular, Nivel Secundario, segundo Ciclo (MINERD, 2018) del mismo país. Para llevar a cabo el análisis de estos documentos ministeriales, se emplean categorías de análisis correspondientes a la noción de respeto de las propuestas de Audley (2019) y Goodman (2009). Además, se establece un abordaje curricular del concepto que atiende a los pilares de la educación propuesto por Delors (1996), los cuales son fusionados con las funciones de cualificación y subjetivación planteadas por Biesta (2009). Como principales hallazgos de este estudio, es posible mencionar que, tanto en el currículo chileno como en el dominicano, se aprecia la noción de respeto relacional, mutuo y debido. Sin embargo, no se hace referencia a las nociones de respeto unilateral y ganado. Con relación al abordaje curricular, en los Objetivos de Aprendiza Transversal predomina un aprendizaje desde el Aprender a vivir juntos, mientras que en las Competencias Fundamentales prevalece el Aprender a ser (función de subjetivación).
Determinants of Awareness of Rythu Bharosa Kendra’s (RBK’s) Programmes in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: A. Boopathi Raja , Reddy G. Raghunadha , Radha Y. , Lakshmi T. , P. Lavanya Kumari.
Published: July 2024

Aim: The present study was taken up to understand the determinants of awareness about government intervention programme (RBK) in Andhra Pradesh
Study design: To represent the whole study area, multi-stage random sampling was used. In total, 400 respondents were selected from 4 regions consisting of 100 respondents from each region.
Place and duration of study:  The present study was based on primary data collected from the year 2021-22 in Andhra Pradesh
Methodology: Binary logistic regression was applied using R software to study the awareness of determinants. Were level of awareness (0 or 1) was regressed against Gender, Age, Literacy Status, Operational Holding, Occupation and Extention Contact.
Results: The analysis revealed that the majority of respondents are male (87.75%), of middle age (65.5%), had primary (23%) and secondary education (23%), have marginal (39.5%), small (40.5%) operational holdings, having occupations in agriculture (29.5%) and combined with animal husbandry (35.75%). They had full awareness about agricultural extension, Rythu Bharosa, e-crop booking, and crop insurance. Nearly complete awareness for quality inputs and interest subsidy. Lower awareness is noted for custom hiring centers (78.5 %), agriculture advisory board (64.25%), veterinary services (56%), digital library (48.75%), WhatsApp advisory (49.75%), milk collection (18%), soil testing (15.5%), and seed germination testing (13%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that the explanatory variables like gender, literacy status, operational land holding, occupation and extension contact were the major determinants of awareness among the farmers. A unit increase in these variables favors positively the odds ratio of a farmers regarding RBK services at Andhra Pradesh.
Conclusion: The analysis reveals significant insights into the socio-economic profile and awareness of Rythu Bharosa Kendras (RBKs) schemes among farmers. A gender disparity highlights the need for targeted support for female farmers. Varied education levels and notable illiteracy indicate the necessity for tailored educational outreach. Enhanced extension services and focused support for small and marginal farmers can improve scheme uptake. Awareness of certain valuable services is low, necessitating targeted campaigns. Effective communication strategies and regular monitoring are crucial for better information dissemination and program refinement, ensuring inclusive and impactful support for the farming community.
Extraction, Evaluation, and Formulation of Hyptis capitata Jacq. (Burunganon) Flower Crude Extract as Bactericidal Ointment
Authors: Marcedonio Berto D. , Madario Mary Jane , Dagalea Flyndon Mark S. , Brensis Judy Ann H. , Vicencio Manuela Cecille G.
Published: July 2024

Bacterial infection is not only a nationwide problem but a global health concern facing communities and populations across the world. The impact of bacterial infections extends beyond just the health sectors, affecting economies, healthcare systems, and overall societal well-being. This study developed and evaluate ointment from Hyptis capitata Jacq. (Burunganon) flower crude extract and its antibacterial potential. The phytochemical screening was to determine the presence of Alkaloids, phenolic, and cardiac glycosides. The physicochemical properties were analyzed to determine their appearance, homogeneity, odor, pH, spreadability, and water number, and the antibacterial properties were determined. Results showed that the Burunganon flower crude extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic and cardiac glycoside. Result in physicochemical screening of the formulated ointment showed that it had a yellowish color, good homogeneity, menthol like fragrance, slightly acidic, had a good spreadability, and the base had a good absorption of water. Meanwhile, the formulated ointment from burunganon flower crude extract showed inhibitory effect against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Therefore, the Burunganon flower crude extract showed a presence of secondary metabolites that can be used in a wide range of pharmaceutical application, a promising candidate for development of bacterial agents, providing a natural and potentially effective alternative for combatting infections. Additionally, it shows that it has an good physicochemical properties that can be used in development of bactericidal ointment. More physicochemical test, different base used in formulation, further characterization, and incorporation of antibacterial were recommended.
Effect of Biochar Application on Biochemical and Physiological Processes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Water Stress Condition
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Intodia S. K. , Kuri Ronak , Gurjar Rahul , Mali Jagdish
Published: July 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Udaipur (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2021-22 to evaluate the effect of water stress and biochar application on biochemical and physiological processes in wheat. The experiment consisted of four levels of water stress as main-plot and four levels of biochar as sub-plot treatments conducted in split plot design (SPD) replicated thrice. Results revealed that water stress at various growth stages and biochar application had effect on proline, chlorophyll and relative water content (RWC). Water stress at grain filling stages resulted in higher chlorophyll and relative water content as compared to no water stress. Further, water stress at tillering stages resulted in higher proline over no water stress. Application of biochar had no effect on proline and chlorophyll contents Further, application of Biochar @ 4 t/ha in significant relative water content.
The Multifaceted Benefits and Applications of Moringa oleifera: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Goswami Rashmi , Arya Damini , Siddiqui Rukkiya , Kumar Sawan , Sarma Olympica , Arora Niddhi
Published: July 2024

Moringa oleifera, commonly known as the Drumstick tree, is a multifaceted plant having extensive medicinal and nutritional applications. Various species of the plant are distributed across different tropical and sub-tropical areas around the world for diverse usage. It has also been recognized in Ayurveda as well as Unani systems of medicine for prevention and treatment of different diseases along with applications in environmental management, such as water purification and biopesticides. The plant is rich in essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and various bioactive compounds like flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Its leaves, pods, and flowers are used as dietary supplements, offering significant health benefits, particularly in underdeveloped countries. It is known for a wide range of pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer activities, making it a valuable resource in traditional and modern medicine. Various scientific studies have highlighted its potential in reducing cholesterol, boosting immune responses, and inhibiting the growth of various pathogens as well as cancer cells. This review highlights the multifaceted utility of Moringa oleifera i.e., nutritional value of Moringa oleifera, its phytochemical richness and certain therapeutic properties such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties thus showing its versatility.
Identification and Mapping of Soil, Water and Vegetation of Hattikuni Watershed
Authors: P U Akasha Deepa , Dandekar Anilkumar T
Published: July 2024

A study on identification and mapping of soil, water and vegetation of Hattikuni watershed in Yadagiri district was carried out using Google Earth and QGIS open-source software. The study area was located in North-Eastern dry Sone of Karnataka at 16˚ 51' 45" to 16˚ 59' 14" N latitude and 77˚ 9' 3" to 77˚ 20' 14" E longitude and elevation ranges from 436m to 622m above amsl. The study area falls under the Survey of India toposheet of E43X1 and E43X5 with an area of 138sq.km. Various Thematic maps were developed using Google Earth and QGIS such as DEM, slope, drainage, waterbodies, flow direction, aspect, hillshade, contour, vegetation and soil maps. From the study we found that there were in total of eleven waterbodies as per SOI toposheets (1960-61) and when compared with Google Earth, only eight waterbodies were found having that too with lesser water spread area as compared with toposheet. The soils in the area were classified into seven classes out of which the fine, mixed and lithic ustropepts occupies the maximum area followed by the rock/scrub land. By mapping of vegetation, we found that the total area coverage was 3456.95 ha which accounts to 24.99% of the total area. This study made a conclusion that Google Earth, QGIS and Toposheet can be used in combination for the mapping, identification and change detection of primary resources.
A Review of Cutting-edge Biotechnological Solutions for Next-generation Farming
Authors: Ahlawat Umang , Naruka Anu , Changdeo Walunjkar Babasaheb , Rehsawla Rizwana , Sansanwal Rekha , Mishra Rishabh , Kiran  , Singh Vivek Kumar
Published: July 2024

The emerging trends in agricultural biotechnology focus on synthetic biology, gene drives, advanced breeding techniques, and the integration of AI and machine learning. Synthetic biology offers innovative solutions by designing new biological systems and reengineering existing ones, enhancing traits such as drought tolerance and nutrient biosynthesis in crops. Gene drives and advanced breeding techniques, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, enable precise genetic modifications to control pest populations and improve crop resilience. AI and machine learning revolutionize agriculture through predictive analytics with real-time decision-making, optimizing resource use, and increasing efficiency. These technologies provide actionable insights into crop management, from detecting stress factors to predicting yields. The review also highlights the importance of international collaborations and global initiatives, such as CGIAR and GACSA, which play a critical role in sharing knowledge, resources, and biotechnological advancements to address food security and sustainability. Capacity-building programs and technology transfer initiatives, exemplified by AGRA, enhance technological capabilities in developing regions. Global efforts, like the FAO's Sustainable Food and Agriculture program and the ITPGRFA, emphasize the conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources, supporting the development of resilient crop varieties. Despite the promising benefits, challenges such as regulatory hurdles, public perception, and ethical considerations must be addressed to ensure the responsible adoption of these technologies. By fostering interdisciplinary research, enhancing public education, and promoting sustainable farming practices, these biotechnological innovations can be harnessed to create a resilient and sustainable agricultural system, ultimately contributing to global food security and environmental health. This analysis underscores the transformative potential of biotechnology in shaping the future of agriculture.