bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality and satisfaction in female fitness centers and the moderating roles of age and income: empirical evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: AbouRokbah Safinaz , Salam Mohammad Asif
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Fitness centers have become quotidian fundamentals. Consequently, center managers face escalating competitiveness to sustain their businesses. Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 emphasizes quality of life and the gravitation toward healthy lifestyles. The service quality of fitness centers is an essential factor influencing customer satisfaction. Owing to the dearth of research on this topic, especially on female-only fitness centers, this study aims to investigate the factors affecting the service quality of female fitness centers in Saudi Arabia regarding satisfaction. Additionally, this study examines the moderating roles of age and income on the relationship between service quality and satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The Service Quality Assessment Scale (SQAS) was adopted with five of the original dimensions (staff, workout facilities, physical facilities, exercise program and locker room) and two newly added dimensions (parking and social environment). This study also investigates the moderating roles of age and income on the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction.

Findings

All SQAS dimensions positively affected the quality of fitness centers. Furthermore, the service quality of fitness centers increased women's satisfaction, and age and income moderated the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction.

Originality/value

Fitness centers are highly competitive, and this study offers insights for managers of such facilities to improve customer satisfaction.
Evolution and assessment of corporate social performance through the lens of top category journals: a theoretical structural analysis
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Kumar Surender
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature of the studies that have examined several theoretical perspectives on corporate social performance (CSP) and identify possible future research questions based on various theoretical viewpoints.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used systematic literature review analysis on a sample of 667 studies published in top A* and A category journals listed in the Australian Business Dean Council list. The present study derived articles between 1975 and 2023 from the SCOPUS database by using relevant keywords to identify research activities in CSP.

Findings

The findings suggest that many studies on CSP have been undertaken globally. But there is a lack of studies on various theoretical perspectives, including peer uncertainty evaluation, buyer–supplier sustainability links, the role of primary stakeholders (especially consumers, employees, suppliers and secondary stakeholders), the use of technology, firm-related heterogeneities, and the role of demographic and socio-economic factors. Future research areas are recommended.

Research limitations/implications

The study investigates existing research gaps to identify possible future research questions and frameworks that can be explored to advance the research on CSP.

Practical implications

The research also provides implications for firms in terms of understanding diverse theoretical perspectives to develop strategies to improve a firm’s social performance.

Originality/value

The findings are derived from a systematic review of the literature in top-category studies that examined existing theories and frameworks in the CSP domain. This highlights the importance of other understudied complementary theories, such as complexity theory, spillover theory, critical mass theory, slack theory and so on, and related variables that can improve a firm’s social performance. Evaluation of existing theoretical perspectives is not included in other review studies.
Salient/silent actors of Ankara's housing and the vocational network in the turmoil of transformation (1923–1928)
Authors: Avci Hosanli Deniz
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Despite the quantity of collaborations, the vocational network of the housing production in Ankara during its first five years (1923–1928) remains dispersed. The aim of this study is to identify all the actors of housing production and their collaborations which shaped Ankara's urban development as the new capital city.

Design/methodology/approach

The study engages with the literature and archival documents to identify the actors of the housing production, i.e. architects, master-builders, public institutions, private companies, contractors and entrepreneurs, and their resultant vocational network in the housing production in Ankara during 1923–1928.

Findings

Due to different agendas, such as speculation, financial interests or patriotism, the construction industry in Ankara had become an arena where many paths intersected, forming an intertwined vocational network. The profession of contractor became popular, and local architects, engineers and even individuals of various other professions began to work as mediators for foreign companies and public institutions, which required support especially in large-scale projects.

Originality/value

The dispersed information revealed that the actors of the housing production remained mostly anonymous, or only the famous architects were commemorated; however, others could be found within the lines of the established literature on Ankara and/or in archival documents. This research not only focuses on “salient” actors but also highlights the “silent” actors of the housing production and prepares charts to clarify the vocational network in Ankara during its first five years to contribute to the future studies on Ankara and its housing.
Analytical methods for evaluating the state of preservation of a historical manuscript dating back to the 15th century AD in Al-Azhar Library – Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Maksoud Gomaa , Nasr Hanaa , Samaha Sayed Hussein , Kassem Mahmoud Saad ELdeen
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the state of preservation of one of the most famous manuscripts dated back to the 15th century using some analytical techniques to identify the manuscript components, explain its deterioration mechanisms and produce some solutions for conservation processes in future studies.

Design/methodology/approach

The analytical techniques used were visual assessment, digital microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDX, pH measurement, attenuated total reflection – Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR) and cellulose crystallinity.

Findings

Stains, missed parts and scratching were the most common aspects of deterioration. Some insects were observed by digital microscope. The SEM showed that linen fibers and goat skin were used to manufacture paper sheets and leather binding. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis proved that niobium and tantalum were added during the manufacture of paper sheets. Carbon black ink was the main writing material. The other pigments used were cinnabar in red ink, gold color from brass and blue color from lapis lazuli. FTIR analysis proved that some chemical changes were noticed. Low crystallinity of the historical paper was obtained. There was a reduction in the pH value of the historical bookbinding.

Originality/value

The importance of the analytical techniques used to detect the main components, forms and mechanism of deterioration of the studied manuscript. The elements of niobium and tantalum were added to paper sheets, which protected them from deterioration. The insects such as house flies and Sitophilus granarius were found in the manuscripts.
A study of the operator assignment problem in powder-coating processing using simulation optimization
Authors: Yang Taho , Wang Mei-Chuan , Kuo Yiyo
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The main operations of the powder-coating process are staggered along a closed-loop conveyor. Given the volatile market demands, using a fixed level of staffing may result in significant productivity losses. The present study aims to capture stochastic behavior and optimize operator assignment problems in a practical powder-coating process. By using the proposed methodology, when demand changes, the optimal operator assignment configuration can be provided, ensuring high labor productivity.

Design/methodology/approach

The powder-coating process is an important industrial application and is often a labor-intensive system. The present study adopts a practical case to optimize its staffing level. Because of its operational complexity, the problem is solved by a proposed simulation-optimization approach. The results are promising, and the proposed methodology is shown to be an effective approach.

Findings

The proposed methodology was tested for various demand levels. The optimized operator assignment configuration always improves on the performance of other staffing levels. Given the same daily throughput, the optimized operator assignment configuration can improve performance by as much as 19%. In scenarios where there is increased demand, the resulting reduction in overtime work improves performance by between 20.33% and 56.72%. In scenarios where there is reduced demand, the optimized staffing level produces improvements between 3.13% and 50%. Compared with the fixed staffing policy of the case company, the flexible staffing policy of the proposed methodology can maintain high labor productivity across demand variations. The results are consistent with the Shojinka philosophy of the Toyota Production System.

Originality/value

This study proposes a solution to the operator assignment decision in a labor-intensive manufacturing system – a powder-coating processing system. Powder coating provides a solid powder coating without any solvent. Because of its excellent application performance and environmental protection, it is widely used in the field of metal coating, especially appliances for offices and homes. Most of the existing literature has solved the problem by making unrealistic assumptions. The present study proposes a simulation-optimization method to solve a practical problem in powder-coating processing. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is illustrated by a practical application. According to the experimental results, five operators can be saved for the same daily throughput. An average of 35 and 19 min of overtimes can be saved when demand increases by 10% and 20% with one less operator; between 2 and 16 operators can be saved when demand falls by 10%–60%.
The Roles of Finance in ESG Management
Authors: Park Young Seog , Lee Hyo Seob
Published: June 2023

As shareholder capitalism has revealed its limitations since the outbreak of Covid‐19, there has been a growing demand for a shift toward stakeholder capitalism. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) management seeks an optimal way to allocate resources to both financial and social values in order to enhance stakeholder utility. Given the various legal, theoretical, and empirical limitations of pluralistic stakeholder capitalism, it is necessary to focus on achieving instrumental stakeholder capitalism. In this regard, we present three roles that finance should play in promoting more firms to adopt ESG management. First, infrastructure needs to be established to measure and assess ESG value in a fair and objective manner. Financial firms should make efforts to develop a non‐financial disclosure and certification system, create an ESG index, expand research and investment in this area, and improve credit ratings. Second, there is a need to boost the intermediation of ESG‐linked finance in order to enhance utility for firms, investors, and governments. Third, it is crucial to facilitate the trading of ESG value in the market, as this could provide incentives for firms and help them cover the costs associated with ESG investments.
Trends in perinatal mental health within a tertiary institution from 2013 to 2022
Authors: Bertram Georgia , Becuzzi Nadine , Wilson Erin
Published: June 2023

Perinatal mental health (PMH) disorders affect about one in seven women in the peripartum period with significant maternal and neonatal effects. It is important to understand trends in PMH to plan for necessary resource allocation. This study reviews the PMH trends in a major tertiary obstetric centre over 10 years from 2013 to 2022. Over this period there was a significant increase in the rates of anxiety from 7.4 to 18.4% (P < 0.001), depression from 13.6 to 16.3% (P < 0.001) and anxiety and/or depression from 16.5 to 22.6% (P < 0.001). These findings provide further information for resource allocation to improve long‐term outcomes.
Dark sides of social entrepreneurship: Contributions of systems thinking towards managing its effects
Authors: Molderez Ingrid , Fets Janne
Published: June 2023

Social enterprises are seen as innovative towards solving societal problems, but little research exists on possible negative aspects, the so‐called dark sides. In this study, the emphasis is on dark sides of social entrepreneurship, how they are managed, and how systems thinking can contribute towards managing these effects. Dark sides of social entrepreneurship can take many forms, like unethical or insincere motives and unintended outcomes like the negative impact on the well‐being of founders and employees, but they are also a call for a critical reflection on the role of the government in society and the economic system social enterprises have to operate in. This paper aims to contribute to the dark side theory of social entrepreneurship by linking system archetypes to themes of dark side thereby stressing how management strategies act as balancing feedback loops to mitigate or prevent dark sides. A qualitative research was conducted by interviewing 21 respondents who play an important role in the world of social entrepreneurship in Belgium. The results show that dark sides of social enterprises manifest itself mostly in the form of trade‐offs and financial, business, and management related issues. Taking over the habits of profit‐oriented companies emerged as a new dark side element. Management strategies include anchoring goals, transparency, obtaining external views, changing the system, and above all reflection. The latter is an important first step to become aware of these issues to be able to change the negative dynamism of these dark sides.
Errors encountered in the diagnostic pathway: A prospective single‐institution study
Authors: Huang Simo , Patel Viral , Lee Jason B.
Published: June 2023

Background

Biopsy specimens go through a diagnostic pathway before a pathology report is rendered for the clinician. Errors can occur at any step in this pathway.

Methods

A 1‐year prospective study was conducted at a single academic institution to identify and characterize errors that occurred in the diagnostic pathway from the clinic to the dermatopathology lab.

Results

A total of 25 662 specimens were processed and 190 errors were recorded (an error rate of 0.7%). The most common errors were an incorrect biopsy site (n = 65), incorrect data entry of a correct diagnosis (n = 25), and specimen mix‐up (n = 23). There were 17 diagnostic errors. Errors most often occurred in the pre‐analytical phase (n = 128). The clinician was responsible for 34.2% of errors, the dermatopathologist for 23.7%, and the histotechnician for 18.9%. Slips were the most common type of human error (n = 156).

Conclusion

The most common error involved an incorrect biopsy site at the clinical stage. Over two‐thirds of errors occurred before the slide reached the dermatopathologist. Diagnostic errors (analytical phase) rarely occurred, and when they did occur, the clinician was most likely to discover the error. Examining and addressing common laboratory errors help to reduce their incidence and lead to quality improvement in dermatopathology.
Permutations in pacer wire implantation in patients evaluated for transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions
Authors: Wang Dee Dee , O'Neill Brian P. , Villablanca Pedro , Khan Arfaat , Greenberg Joshua , Song Thomas , Lee James , Frisoli Tiberio , Gonzalez Pedro Engel , Pantelic Milan , O'Neill William W.
Published: June 2023

Pacer wire induced tricuspid regurgitation is not well‐understood. The mechanisms behind pacer wired induced tricuspid regurgitation have not been clearly defined. This clinical vignette sets to identify different technical mechanisms behind cardiac lead induced tricuspid regurgitation to help optimize cardiac lead implantation strategies for future device implantation.
Temporal variation in spider trophic interactions is explained by the influence of weather on prey communities, web building and prey choice
Authors: Cuff Jordan P. , Windsor Fredric M. , Tercel Maximillian P. T. G. , Bell James R. , Symondson William O. C. , Vaughan Ian P.
Published: June 2023

Generalist invertebrate predators are sensitive to weather conditions, but the relationship between their trophic interactions and weather is poorly understood. This study investigates how weather affects the identity and frequency of spider trophic interactions over time, alongside prey community structure, web characteristics and prey choice. Spiders (Linyphiidae and Lycosidae) and their prey were collected from barley fields in Wales, UK, from April to September 2017–2018. The gut contents of 300 spiders were screened using DNA metabarcoding, analysed via multivariate models and compared against prey availability using null models. When linyphiids were collected from webs, the height and area of webs were recorded and compared against weather conditions. Trophic interactions changed over time and with weather conditions, primarily related to concomitant changes in prey communities. Spiders did, however, appear to mitigate the effects of structural changes in prey communities through changing prey preferences according to prevailing weather conditions, possibly facilitated by adaptive web construction. Using these findings, we demonstrate that prey choice data collected under different weather conditions can be used to refine inter‐annual predictions of spider trophic interactions, although prey abundance was secondary to diversity in driving the diet of these spiders. By improving our understanding of the interaction between trophic interactions and weather, we can better predict how ecological networks are likely to change over time in response to variation in weather conditions and, more urgently, global climate change.
Understanding the host finding behavior of a biological weed control candidate specialist as a contribution to pre‐release risk assessments
Authors: Subedi Bijay , Schwarzländer Mark , Eigenbrode Sanford D. , Harmon Bradley L. , Weyl Philip
Published: June 2023

Pre‐release host range assessments of weed biocontrol agent (BCA) candidates typically rely on no‐choice and choice feeding, oviposition, and development tests. However, these tests may exclude potentially environmentally safe BCA candidates from consideration if they develop on nontarget plant species in no‐choice tests that they would not colonize in the field because of behavioral barriers during host selection. Here, we examined the behavioral responses of Ceutorhynchus rusticus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to olfactory and visual plant cues of nine native North American and two Eurasian confamilial plant species of invasive Eurasian mustard dyer's woad, Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae). In behavioral bioassays with olfactory, visual, and combined plant cues of one plant species vs. purified air and/or empty arms (control treatments), weevils responded with attraction to all offered I. tinctoria plant cues but showed no preference for most nontarget plant species relative to control treatments. The weevil also responded faster in these bioassays to I. tinctoria cues when compared to most nontarget species. In bioassays with olfactory, visual, or combined cues of nontarget species vs. those of I. tinctoria, C. rusticus preferred I. tinctoria over most nontarget plant species (olfactory cues: eight of 11, visual cues: two of 11, and combined cues: 11 out of 11 nontarget plant species). The results also suggest that C. rusticus mainly uses olfactory or combined olfactory and visual plant cues rather than visual cues alone in the early stages of host finding. Additionally, the findings suggest that during host finding, C. rusticus prefers cues of its Eurasian field host over those of nontarget species, reducing risks of post‐release nontarget attack in the field. Assessing behavioral responses to multimodal cues can advance our understanding of BCA candidates' host discrimination and facilitate the accurate interpretation of conventional no‐choice and choice feeding and development data during pre‐release environmental safety assessments.
Fueling conspiracy beliefs: Political conservatism and the backlash against COVID‐19 containment policies
Authors: Kweon Yesola , Choi ByeongHwa
Published: June 2023

Amid the COVID‐19 pandemic, people have witnessed a deluge of conspiracy theories and disinformation. As the coronavirus poses a significant threat to individuals' lives, these conspiracy theories are dangerous, as they erode public trust and undermine government efforts to fight the virus. This paper examines the political determinants of COVID‐19 conspiracy beliefs. Particularly, we analyze how government policy responses to the pandemic and individuals' ideological predispositions interact to shape people's tendencies to believe conspiracy theories. Using survey data from 22 advanced industrial countries, we show that political conservatives are more prone to conspiracy beliefs than liberals. More importantly, this tendency is reinforced when the government adopts stringent containment policies. Our results suggest that governments' policy efforts to contain the coronavirus can trigger an unintended backlash from political conservatives. This study has important implications for the behavioral and attitudinal effects of government containment policies that are often overlooked.
A Unit‐Concentration Method to Quantify Source Contribution
Authors: Bedekar Vivek , Neville Christopher , Tonkin Matthew J. , Bartlett R. Douglas , Plato Paul
Published: June 2023

Solute migration is typically simulated to describe and estimate the fate and transport of contaminants in groundwater. The unit‐concentration approach is investigated here as a method to enable solute transport simulations to expand the capabilities of groundwater flow modeling. The unit‐concentration method uses a concentration value of one to identify sources of water to be assessed and a concentration of zero for all other water sources. The distribution of concentration thus obtained, unlike particle tracking methods, provides a more intuitive and direct quantification of the contribution of sources reaching various sinks. The unit‐concentration approach can be applied readily with existing solute transport software for a range of analyses including source allocation, well capture analysis, and mixing/dilution calculations. This paper presents the theory, method, and example applications of the unit‐concentration approach for source quantification.
Effect of TiO2 on the occurrence and distribution of chromium in stainless‐steel slag glass ceramics
Authors: Tong Zhifang , Wang Jiaxing , Xu Congcong , Xie Zhaoxun
Published: June 2023

Stainless steel slag waste can be used to prepare value‐added glass ceramics, which can fix potentially toxic Cr from the slag within the crystalline phase. The occurrence and distribution of Cr during the preparation of glass ceramics has a great influence on the final Cr fixation effect. In this study, the effects of the TiO2 content on the occurrence and distribution of Cr during the nucleation and crystallization steps and on the final properties of the glass ceramics were systematically studied. In the nucleation stage, with increasing TiO2 content, the Cr distributed in the spinel containing chromium nuclei first increases and then decreases. In the crystallization stage, Diopside crystal phase nucleates and grows with spinel containing chromium nanocrystals as heterogeneous nuclei. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the chromium distributed in the diopside crystals first increased and then slightly decreased as the TiO2 content increased. The optimal TiO2 content is 3.4 wt.%, which resulted in 97 wt.% of the total Cr being fixed in the diopside crystalline phase (with a very low Cr leaching concentration of 0.009 mg/L), and a high compressive strength of the final glass ceramic of 267.4 MPa, and a Vickers hardness of 1211.8 HV. The research results provide theoretical and technical support for strengthening Cr fixation to enable harmless and high‐value utilization of stainless steel slag for fabricating glass ceramics.
Effect of gut flora mediated‐bile acid metabolism on intestinal immune microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Yan , Gao Xueyan , Gao Shuochen , Liu Yang , Wang Wenkang , Feng Yudi , Pei Liping , Sun Zhenqiang , Liu Lin , Wang Chengzeng
Published: June 2023

According to reports, gut microbiota and metabolites regulate the intestinal immune microenvironment. In recent years, an increasing number of studies reported that bile acids (BAs) of intestinal flora origin affect T helper cells and regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Th17 cells play a pro‐inflammatory role and Treg cells usually act in an immunosuppressive role. In this review, we emphatically summarised the influence and corresponding mechanism of different configurations of lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) on intestinal Th17 cells, Treg cells and intestinal immune microenvironment. The regulation of BAs receptors G protein‐coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1/TGR5) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) on immune cells and intestinal environment are elaborated. Furthermore, the potential clinical applications above were also concluded in three aspects. The above will help researchers better understand the effects of gut flora on the intestinal immune microenvironment via BAs and contribute to the development of new targeted drugs.
What works and why in interventions to strengthen social cohesion: A systematic review
Authors: Orazani S. Nima , Reynolds Katherine J. , Osborne Harry
Published: June 2023

COVID‐19 has highlighted worldwide the importance of a strong social and political fabric. Those countries that fared best were ones where there was community connection, belonging, a volunteering ethos, and a belief in the legitimacy of official institutions, all deemed critical aspects of social cohesion. It has become clear that understanding and strengthening social cohesion in times of stability is critical to successfully navigate crisis. Despite its importance, evidence from many countries indicates that this important “social glue” is fragile and at risk, requiring consistent investments to maintain and strengthen it. Governments and communities around the world are looking to evidence‐based strategies to strengthen social cohesion. To facilitate this goal, a systematic review is conducted of four major databases identifying 52 studies with high‐quality evidence of what works and why. We also included the results of three systematic reviews that had investigated the impact of social capital and/or social cohesion on health‐related variables specifically to broaden our search and enrich our findings (n = 21; total = 73). Using themes identified across governments, it is possible to classify the strengths and limitations of existing research. It becomes clear that the most common effective strategies were (1) awareness raising and coutering existing stereotypes and (2) offering opportunities for positive contact and a more co‐operative assessment of intergroup relations. Missing are leadership processes that can (re)define group‐based values, norms, and behaviors. Specific intervention strategies are outlined as well as directions for future research.
Cross‐talk between DNA damage response and the central carbon metabolic network underlies selective vulnerability of Purkinje neurons in ataxia‐telangiectasia
Authors: Sun Jacquelyne Ka‐Li , Wong Genper Chi‐Ngai , Chow Kim Hei‐Man
Published: June 2023

Cerebellar ataxia is often the first and irreversible outcome in the disease of ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T), as a consequence of selective cerebellar Purkinje neuronal degeneration. A‐T is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from the loss‐of‐function mutations of the ataxia‐telangiectasia–mutated ATM gene. Over years of research, it now becomes clear that functional ATM—a serine/threonine kinase protein product of the ATM gene—plays critical roles in regulating both cellular DNA damage response and central carbon metabolic network in multiple subcellular locations. The key question arises is how cerebellar Purkinje neurons become selectively vulnerable when all other cell types in the brain are suffering from the very same defects in ATM function. This review intended to comprehensively elaborate the unexpected linkages between these two seemingly independent cellular functions and the regulatory roles of ATM involved, their integrated impacts on both physical and functional properties, hence the introduction of selective vulnerability to Purkinje neurons in the disease will be addressed.

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Cardamine libagouensis, a new species from Hubei, China
Authors: Diao Ying , Zhao Chufeng , Chen Yongbo , ZhongLi Hu
Published: June 2023

Cardamine libagouensis (Brassicaceae), a new species from Enshi City, Hubei, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to C. engleriana, but differs by lacking stolons, basal leaves pinnate, sepals 1.0–1.5 mm long, silique 3–4 cm long, and seeds without wings. A preliminary molecular phylogenetic study based on ITS2 sequences suggests that C. libagouensis is closely related to C. engleriana and C. griffithii.
Genome‐wide identification and expression analysis of MYB gene family in Cajanus cajan and CcMYB107 improves plant drought tolerance
Authors: Li Hongquan , Yang Jie , Ma Ruijin , An Xiaoli , Pan Feng , Zhang Su , Fu Yujie
Published: June 2023

MYB transcription factor (TF) is one of the largest superfamilies that play a vital role in multiple plant biological processes. However, the MYB family has not been comprehensively identified and functionally verified in Cajanus cajan, which is the sixth most important legume crop. Here, 170 CcR2R3‐MYBs were identified and divided into 43 functional subgroups. Segmental and tandem duplications and alternative splicing events were found and promoted the expansion of the CcR2R3‐MYB gene family. Functional prediction results showed that CcR2R3‐MYBs were mainly involved in secondary metabolism, cell fate and identity, developmental processes, and responses to abiotic stress. Cis‐acting element analysis of promoters revealed that stress response elements were widespread in the above four functional branches, further suggesting CcR2R3‐MYBs were extensively involved in abiotic stress response. The transcriptome data and qRT‐PCR results indicated that most of the CcR2R3‐MYB genes responded to various stresses, of which the expression of CcMYB107 was significantly induced by drought stress. Overexpression of CcMYB107 enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and increased proline and lignin accumulation, thus improving the drought resistance of C. cajan. Furthermore, Overexpression of CcMYB107 up‐regulated the expression of stress‐related genes and lignin biosynthesis genes after drought stress. Our findings established a strong foundation for the investigation of biological function of CcR2R3‐MYB TFs in C. cajan.
Fish and crustaceans provide early indicators of success in wetland restoration
Authors: Rummell Ashley J. , Borland Hayden P. , Leon Javier X. , Henderson Christopher J. , Gilby Ben L. , Ortodossi Nicholas L. , Mosman Jesse D. , Gorissen Bob , Olds Andrew D.
Published: June 2023

Early indicators of restoration success can inform adaptive management strategies and maintain community interest and financial investment. Coastal wetland restoration projects prioritize monitoring the succession of habitat forming communities. However, these communities often expand slowly. In contrast, fish and crustaceans can quickly occupy newly available habitats and therefore, may be early indicators of restoration success. Here, we compared the short‐term responses of fish and crustacean communities and landcover area to restoration actions at a restoring wetland and three reference wetlands in the Maroochy River in eastern Australia. Fish and crustacean communities and landcover area were surveyed every 6 months between Spring 2017 and Spring 2019 (n = 5), with two sampling events conducted before restoration actions commenced in May 2018 and three after. Fish and crustaceans were surveyed using baited underwater video stations and fyke nets. Landcover was remotely sensed using a combination of Worldview‐2 satellite imagery, object‐based image analysis, and random forest classification. Fish and crustaceans make viable indicators for early restoration success, as our findings show the composition, diversity, and abundance of species targeted in fisheries of these communities can resemble assemblages at reference sites within 1 year of restoration actions. The area of tidal inundation significantly increased overtime, but the recovery of mangroves and saltmarsh communities did not. These findings support the notion that coastal wetland restoration can promote immediate recruitment by fish and crustacean communities, thus making these taxa useful indicators for communicating early success of restoration projects.
Effects of anthropogenic light on species and ecosystems
Authors: Jägerbrand Annika K. , Spoelstra Kamiel
Published: June 2023

Anthropogenic light is ubiquitous in areas where humans are present and is showing a progressive increase worldwide. This has far-reaching consequences for most species and their ecosystems. The effects of anthropogenic light on natural ecosystems are highly variable and complex. Many species suffer from adverse effects and often respond in a highly specific manner. Ostensibly surveyable effects such as attraction and deterrence become complicated because these can depend on the type of behavior and specific locations. Here, we considered how solutions and new technologies could reduce the adverse effects of anthropogenic light. A simple solution to reducing and mitigating the ecological effects of anthropogenic light seems unattainable, because frugal lighting practices and turning off lights may be necessary to eliminate them.
Art and the science of generative AI
Authors: Epstein Ziv , Hertzmann Aaron ,   the Investigators of Human Creativity, Akten Memo , Farid Hany , Fjeld Jessica , Frank Morgan R. , Groh Matthew , Herman Laura , Leach Neil , Mahari Robert , Pentland Alex “Sandy” , Russakovsky Olga , Schroeder Hope , Smith Amy
Published: June 2023

Understanding shifts in creative work will help guide AI’s impact on the media ecosystem
The Disorazole Z Family of Highly Potent Anticancer Natural Products from Sorangium cellulosum: Structure, Bioactivity, Biosynthesis, and Heterologous Expression
Authors: Gao Yunsheng , Birkelbach Joy , Fu Chengzhang , Herrmann Jennifer , Irschik Herbert , Morgenstern Bernd , Hirschfelder Kerstin , Li Ruijuan , Zhang Youming , Jansen Rolf , Müller Rolf
Published: June 2023

Microbial secondary metabolites are a prolific reservoir for the discovery of bioactive compounds, which prove to be privileged scaffolds for the development of new drugs such as antibacterial and small-molecule anticancer drugs. Consequently, the continuous discovery of novel bioactive natural products is of great importance for pharmaceutical research.
Discrimination against the dying
Authors: Reed Philip
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this paper is to identify a kind of discrimination that has hitherto gone unrecognised. ‘Terminalism’ is discrimination against the dying, or treating the terminally ill worse than they would expect to be treated if they were not dying. I provide four examples from healthcare settings of this kind of discrimination: hospice eligibility requirements, allocation protocols for scarce medical resources, right to try laws and right to die laws. I conclude by offering some reflections on why discrimination against the dying has been hard to identify, how it differs from ageism and ableism, and its significance for end-of-life care.
Middle meningeal artery embolization associated with reduced chronic subdural hematoma volume and midline shift in the acute postoperative period
Authors: Catapano Joshua S , Koester Stefan W , Hanalioglu Sahin , Farhadi Dara S , Naik Anant , Hartke Joelle N , Tunc Osman , Winkler Ethan A , Chang Steven W , Lawton Michael T , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Ducruet Andrew F , Albuquerque Felipe C
Published: June 2023

Background

Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization for endovascular treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is growing in popularity. cSDH volume and midline shift were analyzed in the immediate postoperative window after MMA embolization.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of cSDHs managed via MMA embolization from January 1, 2018 to March 30, 2021 was performed at a large quaternary center. Pre- and postoperative cSDH volume and midline shift were quantified with CT. Postoperative CT was obtained 12 to 36 hours after embolization. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant reduction. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic and linear regression for percent improvement from baseline volume.

Results

In total, 80 patients underwent MMA embolization for 98 cSDHs during the study period. The mean (SD) initial cSDH volume was 66.54 (34.67) mL, and the mean midline shift was 3.79 (2.85) mm. There were significant reductions in mean cSDH volume (12.1 mL, 95% CI 9.32 to 14.27 mL, P<0.001) and midline shift (0.80 mm, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.36 mm, P<0.001). In the immediate postoperative period, 22% (14/65) of patients had a>30% reduction in cSDH volume. A multivariate analysis of 36 patients found that preoperative antiplatelet and anticoagulation use was significantly associated with an expansion in volume (OR 0.028, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.405, P=0.03).

Conclusion

MMA embolization is safe and effective for the management of cSDH and is associated with significant reductions in hematoma volume and midline shift in the immediate postoperative period.
Spatially varying catchability for integrating research survey data with other data sources: case studies involving observer samples, industry-cooperative surveys, and predators as samplers
Authors: Grüss Arnaud , Thorson James T. , Anderson Owen F. , O’Driscoll Richard L. , Heller-Shipley Madison , Goodman Scott
Published: June 2023

Spatio-temporal models are widely applied to standardise research survey data and are increasingly used to generate density maps and indices from other data sources. We developed a spatio-temporal modelling framework that integrates research survey data (treated as a “reference dataset”) and other data sources (“non-reference datasets”) while estimating spatially varying catchability for the non-reference datasets. We demonstrated it using two case studies. The first involved bottom trawl survey and observer data for spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias) on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. The second involved cod predators as samplers of juvenile snow crab ( Chionoecetes opilio) abundance, integrated with industry-cooperative surveys and a bottom trawl research survey in the eastern Bering Sea. Our integrated models leveraged the strengths of individual data sources (the quality of the reference dataset and the quantity of non-reference data), while downweighting the influence of the non-reference datasets via the estimated spatially varying catchabilities. They allowed for the generation of annual density maps for a longer time-period and for the provision of one single index rather than multiple indices each covering a shorter time-period.
On functors preserving projective resolutions
Authors: Santana Ana Paula , Yudin Ivan
Published: June 2023

It is important for applications of Homological Algebra in Representation Theory to have control over the behavior of (minimal) projective resolutions under various functors. In this paper, we describe three broad families of functors that preserve such resolutions. We will use these results in our work on Representation Theory of Schur algebras.
Structural discontinuities and their control on hydrothermal systems in the Great Basin, USA
Authors: Siler Drew L.
Published: June 2023

Faults are important controls on hydrothermal circulation worldwide. More specifically, structural discontinuities, i.e. locations where faults interact and intersect, host many hydrothermal systems. In the Great Basin, western USA, an extensive characterization effort demonstrated that hydrothermal systems are controlled by one (or more) of eight types of structural discontinuities. Presumably, specific attributes of these structural settings control the generation and maintenance of permeability and porosity, and therefore localize hydrothermal processes. Herein, I examine representative examples of the eight structural settings that host hydrothermal systems in the Great Basin. For each setting, I use a boundary element method to model fault slip on the major faults and track the distribution of stress and strain in the surrounding crust. Results demonstrate that the largest magnitude and most localized stress and strain effects occur in the structural settings that host the largest number of hydrothermal systems; fault stepovers and fault terminations. Structural settings that are common in areas of strike-slip faulting also show localized stress and strain effects. The modelling presented provides process-based explanations for the empirical and conceptual results of regional characterization of Great Basin hydrothermal systems.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Digitally enabled geoscience workflows: unlocking the power of our data collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/digitally-enabled-geoscience-workflows
Estimation of eruption source parameters for the 2021 La Soufrière eruption (St Vincent): implications for quantification of eruption magnitude on volcanic islands
Authors: Constantinescu Robert , White J. T. , Connor C. , Cole P. , Fontijn K. , Barclay J. , Robertson R.
Published: June 2023

Eruption source parameters (ESPs) used to characterize explosive eruptions are estimated from tephra deposit data using different models (statistical or numerical) and inversion approaches. The ESPs thus derived are subject to substantial uncertainties when the bulk of the tephra deposit, including information about its full spatial extent and spatial variation in grain-size distribution is missing due to geographical and environmental conditions. We use an advection–diffusion model coupled with a Bayesian inversion and uncertainty quantification algorithm to investigate how ESPs can be robustly estimated given such conditions. The 2021 eruption of La Soufrière volcano (St Vincent and the Grenadines) is our case study. An inversion is conducted for the first two explosive phases of this eruption (U1 and U2). We estimate: an erupted mass of 3.3 × 10
10
± 1 × 10
10
kg for U1 and 3.1 × 10
10
± 1.9 × 10
9
kg for U2, with an average particles release height of
c.
13.5 km a.s.l. ±0.5 km for both phases. Given the efficiency of the proposed approach and the plausibility of the stochastic inversion results, we recommend this procedure for estimating ESPs for explosive eruptions for which the bulk of the deposit is missing or is inaccessible.
The Role of Violence in Nonviolent Resistance
Authors: Chenoweth Erica
Published: June 2023

Over the past two decades, there has been growing scholarly interest in nonviolent resistance—a method of conflict in which unarmed people mobilize collective protests, strikes, and boycotts in a coordinated way. Mass movements that rely overwhelmingly on nonviolent resistance sometimes feature unarmed collective violence, fringe violence, or even organized armed action. What do we know about the effects of violent flanks on movement outcomes? This article reviews findings on the relationships between nonviolent and unarmed resistance, violence, and the outcomes of mass mobilization, as well as the directionality of these relationships. The balance of empirical evidence suggests that organized armed violence appears to reduce the chances for otherwise nonviolent movements to succeed, whereas unarmed collective violence has more ambiguous effects. The field will benefit from greater analytical precision in comparing the units of analysis, scope, intensity, and media framing of violent flank activity.
Investigating Subtypes of Motor Skills and Activities of Daily Living among Young Children with Motor Delay
Authors: Irie Keisuke , Mukaiyama Kohei , Yamashita Reika , Zeidan Hala , Bandara Anuradhi , Nagai-Tanima Momoko , Aoyama Tomoki
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to classify preschool children into subtypes based on motor skills and to characterize the activities of daily living for each subtype. The subjects were 45 preschool children whose scores on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2) and the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) were measured. The fine score and gross score were calculated from the MABC-2, and a cluster analysis was performed. The difference between the fine score and the gross score was evaluated for each subtype, and multiple comparisons among subtypes were performed for the fine, gross, and WeeFIM scores. Subtype analysis showed that the fine score was significantly lower than the gross score for subtype I (

p
<
0.001

), and the gross score was significantly lower than the fine score for subtype III (

p
=
0.018

). Subtype II had a significantly lower score than subtype I and subtype III (

p
<
0.001

). Children with subtype II had more difficulty dressing movements and less communication skills than subtype III (

p
<
0.05

). Classification into three subtypes according to motor ability and some of the characteristics of ADLs were identified.
Short-Circuit Protection Schemes for LVDC Microgrids Based on the Combination of Hybrid Circuit Breakers and Mechanical Breakers
Authors: Lazzari Riccardo , Piegari Luigi
Published: June 2023

In recent years, low-voltage direct current (LVDC) microgrids are becoming more attractive because they represent a solution to integrate renewable sources, storage, and electronic loads bringing some advantages in comparison with traditional AC grids. However, the protection of such a network involves many challenges, especially in the case of LVDC microgrids with more than one feeder and multiple energy sources. Indeed, the traditional protection breakers used for an AC grid cannot isolate the faults and protect the components of a DC grid, while the use of solid-state circuit breakers increases energy losses. This paper deals with the analysis and design of the protection schemes for LVDC microgrids through the combination of mechanical circuit breakers and hybrid circuit breakers. This solution has the advantage of energy loss reduction but introduces further issues due to the slow transition times of the mechanical circuit breakers. Thus, a completely decentralized control system capable of overcoming the fast fault-clearing time, cost-effectiveness, and selectivity issues is designed to protect from pole-to-pole faults. The proposed control strategy is compared with a centralized protection scheme available in the literature through numerical simulation. The two algorithms show similar performances, with a mean voltage dip duration of less than 30 ms and a maximum voltage dip duration of about 100 ms in the most severe fault condition, but the proposed solution is more reliable and flexible since it does not depend on the communication system.
Supplementary Table from Ubiquitin Ligases Siah1a/2 Control Alveolar Macrophage Functions to Limit Carcinogen-Induced Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Scortegagna Marzia , Du Yuanning , Bradley Linda M. , Wang Kun , Molinolo Alfredo , Ruppin Eytan , Murad Rabi , Ronai Ze'ev A.
Published: June 2023

Sup Table 1