bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison between computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the primary staging of bladder cancer as compared to final histology
Authors: Robinson Simon , Farooq Assad , Laniado Marc , Agrawalla Seema , Hassan Ali , Motiwala Hanif , Karim Omar
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

Accurate and effective imaging to determine the stage of the primary tumour is crucial in deciding whether patients should be treated conservatively, or with surgical or radiochemotherapeutic treatment. There are still concerns about the staging accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 254 single-surgeon radical cystectomies on a population destined for potentially curative surgery (without evidence of metastatic disease) over 14 years. We compared the staging accuracy of 245 CT scans against 62 conventional T2-weighted MRI scans and compared them to the absolute gold standard, histological analysis using the TNM staging system.

Results:

Overall, when comparing all the scanner results from 1999 to 2016, the following was observed: • MRI initially appears to be better than CT in staging the primary tumour as either localised or locally advanced disease; and • CT is significantly better than MRI for nodal staging. However, when comparing the more recent results using 53 patients who had both CT and MRI prior to operation, from 2005 to 2016, we find CT improves to match MRI in both primary tumour staging and nodal staging with ‘fair’ kappa scores ( p = 0.84).

Conclusions:

We confirm that MRI is better at staging extravesical disease and CT better at staging localised disease. Regarding primary tumour accuracy, the volume of the tumour has an influence on its correct staging. Regarding nodal accuracy, the presence of extracapsular extension had no influence. Knowing these limitations of the two modalities should enable better counselling of patients, regardless of their subsequent treatment regimen.
Detection of TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb in ovarian cancer with highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay
Authors: Yang Maoben , Guo Xiaojun
Published: August 2018

To investigate the correlation between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb), and pathological parameters of ovarian cancer, we selected 122 patients with ovarian cancer and 70 patients with benign ovarian tumor. The differences in the positive rates of different pathological parameters, including TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb, in their serum were detected and compared through highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay. We found that the positive rates of TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb in serous cystadenocarcinoma were higher than those of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and other types of ovarian cancer. Meanwhile, the positive rates of FT3 and FT4 in stage III and IV ovarian cancer were lower than those in stage I and II ovarian cancer. However, the positive rates of FT3 and FT4 in poorly differentiated ovarian cancer were higher than those in moderately differentiated and well-differentiated ovarian cancer. The serum levels of TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb preoperatively, postoperatively, and after four cycles of ovarian cancer were significantly different from those in the control group. Thus, we conclude that TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb were abnormally expressed in the serum of ovarian cancer patients. And the application of highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for the detection of TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb in serum has important clinical value in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
BRI: Bridging or breaking BRICS?
Authors: Thussu Daya
Published: August 2018

This commentary piece looks at the implications for BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and on communications in general of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and argues that the dimensions of communication and culture are not only vital to these ambitious infrastructure projects but to date have not received the prominence they deserve.
Observed Quality and Consistency of Fifth Graders’ Teacher–Student Interactions: Associations With Feelings, Engagement, and Performance in School
Authors: LoCasale-Crouch Jennifer , Jamil Faiza , Pianta Robert C. , Rudasill Kathleen Moritz , DeCoster Jamie
Published: August 2018

This study examined how overall quality and within-day consistency in fifth graders’ teacher-student interactions related to feelings about, engagement, and academic performance in school. Participants were 956 children in a national study. Students who experienced higher quality interactions reported more positive feelings about school, were more engaged, performed better in math and reading, and had more closeness and less conflict with teachers. Independent of overall interaction quality, students who experienced less consistency in their interactions with teachers, whether it was with the same teacher or across teachers, were less engaged and had more teacher-reported conflict. Findings emphasize the separate contributions of both high quality and consistency of teacher–student interactions to students’ success.
Fighting Police Trauma: Practical Approaches to Addressing Psychological Needs of Officers
Authors: Papazoglou Konstantinos , Tuttle Brooke McQuerrey
Published: August 2018

Stress and trauma experienced by police officers in the line of duty can have negative impacts on officers’ health and well-being. Psychological support is imperative to help officers maintain psychological well-being and to perform their duties efficiently. However, officers are often skeptical to seek psychological support. The reasons behind such skepticism vary. Specifically, officers may believe that clinicians do not understand police work. In addition, inquiries by clinicians into personal and early life experiences may be interpreted as attempts to patronize officers; as a result, police officers’ identities as those who serve and protect may be disparaged in the context of therapy. This article recommends a number of evidence and practice-based actions that clinicians may employ to approach police culture and develop effective clinical support for officers who suffer from the debilitating effects of police-related stress and trauma. Recommendations for empirical research and clinical practice are discussed.
A Comparison of Strategies for Recruiting Teachers Into Survey Panels
Authors: Robbins Michael W. , Grimm Geoffrey , Stecher Brian , Opfer V. Darleen
Published: August 2018

We examine a range of options for recruiting teachers into a nationally representative survey panel. Recruitment strategies considered include a telephone-based approach and the use of promised incentives and pre-incentives of varying amounts and forms. Using a randomized experiment, we evaluate the effectiveness of five separate recruitment strategies and conduct a cost-benefit analysis. Our preferred strategy is one that uses a US$10 gift card as pre-incentive (it yielded a 27% rate of successful recruitment a cost of US$78 per recruited teacher). Statistical comparisons indicate that no other technique was superior to this strategy in terms of recruitment rate or cost-effectiveness. Efforts at refusal conversion after the initial approach were mostly ineffective. A comparison across demographic type characteristics of enrolled panelists and nonrespondents shows no substantial differences for any recruitment strategy considered. Hence, the potential for recruitment-level nonresponse to induce large bias into findings from surveys administered to the panel is minimal.
Randomized Trial of Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Early Childhood Caries in Public Housing
Authors: Henshaw M.M. , Borrelli B. , Gregorich S.E. , Heaton B. , Tooley E.M. , Santo W. , Cheng N.F. , Rasmussen M. , Helman S. , Shain S. , Garcia R.I.
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

Caries experience among preschool-age children has remained relatively unchanged for the past 2 decades, despite recently documented decreases in untreated decay.

Objectives:

In a community-based cluster-randomized controlled trial, a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention administered to primary caregivers was hypothesized to reduce caries increment over 2 y as compared with controls, among children aged 0 to 5 y at baseline living in public housing.

Methods:

Public housing residents, who served as interventionists, were trained in MI with a focus on early childhood caries prevention. All 26 eligible public housing developments were randomized to either control (quarterly clinical examinations, fluoride varnish applications, toothbrush/toothpaste, and educational brochures) or intervention (same procedures as control plus MI counseling). Quarterly MI sessions were delivered in English or Spanish over 2 y, audio recorded, and assessed for treatment fidelity. The primary outcome was the increment in dmfs (decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces) as assessed by clinical examination at baseline, 12 mo, and 24 mo. Secondary outcomes included caregiver oral health knowledge and child oral health behaviors (child toothbrushing and sugar-sweetened beverage intake). Baseline characteristics were compared between groups and adjusted for housing-site clusters. Longitudinal outcomes were analyzed with mixed models.

Results:

A total of 1,065 children (49% female, 55% non-White, 61% Hispanic, 89% below poverty level, n = 686 control) and their caregivers were enrolled. During 2 y of follow-up, the mean dmfs increment increased in both groups; however, there were no statistically significant group differences at 24 mo or group × time interactions. The mean increase in intervention caregivers’ knowledge was significantly greater than that of control, F(2, 1,593) = 3.48, P = 0.0310, but there were no significant intervention effects on caregiver-reported child sugar-sweetened beverage intake or child toothbrushing.

Conclusion:

MI counseling plus intensive caries prevention activities resulted in knowledge increases but did not improve oral health behaviors or caries increment (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01205971).

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

When viewed in light of the findings from the companion Pine Ridge study and other recent MI studies, the results of this study suggest that when the complex disease of early childhood caries is addressed in high-risk populations, MI is not effective, and alternative approaches are warranted.
Language shift: analysing language use in multilingual classroom interactions
Authors: Kartika-Ningsih Harni , Rose David
Published: August 2018

This paper offers a framework and set of tools for analysing the use of language shift in multilingual classroom discourse. The term language shift refers to the use of multiple languages in all types of interactions, including teaching and learning. The analysis was developed in the context of an action research project in Indonesian schools. It includes three components: a framework for mapping teaching approaches in multilingual classrooms; an analysis of pedagogic interactions, showing the structures of language shift within and between speaker roles; and an analysis of the pedagogic functions of language shift, as lessons and teacher/learner interactions unfold. The theoretical foundation for the analysis is the model of language as text-in-context developed in systemic functional linguistics.
Effects of tannin mordanting on coloring and functionalities of wool fabrics dyed with spent coffee grounds
Authors: Hong Kyung Hwa
Published: August 2018

A large amount of functional materials remain in spent coffee grounds and form discards in the coffee beverage industry. Moreover, the extract from these spent coffee grounds contains sufficient amounts of pigments that can be utilized for textile dyeing. Therefore, in this study, the coloring and functional development of textiles by application of spent coffee extracts to wool fabrics was investigated. For preparation of the dyed wool fabrics, spent coffee grounds were dried after collecting them from a local coffee house. They were then subjected to extraction using a manual espresso machine. The spent coffee extract was applied to wool fabrics using an infrared (IR) dyeing machine, and after dyeing, the wool fabrics were post-mordanted in various concentrations of aqueous tannin solutions. The color and surface properties of wool fabrics dyed with spent coffee extract were investigated using spectrophotometry and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, respectively. And, their antibacterial and antioxidant capacities were also studied. The dyed wool fabrics were significantly brown in appearance, and their colorfastness to light improved upon mordanting with tannin. In addition, mordanting also improved the antibacterial and antioxidant capacity of the dyed wool fabrics.
Making a difference: ethnic inequality and severe mental illness
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep , Halvorsrud Kristoffer , Nazroo James
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we explore ethnic inequalities in severe mental illness and care experiences. We consider the barriers to progressive and cohesive action and propose ways of overcoming these. Clinical and policy leadership must bring together hidden patient voices, divergent professional narratives and quality research.

Declaration of interest

K.B. is Editor of the British Journal of Psychiatry, but has not played any role in the decision-making for this paper. K.B. leads and J.N. is a partner and K.H. a researcher in the Synergi Collaborative Centre.
Reduction of X-ray-induced DNA damage in normal human cells treated with the PrC-210 radioprotector
Authors: Brand Michael , Sommer Matthias , Jermusek Frank , Fahl William E. , Uder Michael
Published: August 2018

The aim of our study was to determine the protective efficacy of the PrC-210 aminothiol radioprotector against X-ray-induced DNA damage in normal human cells and to establish dose- and time-effect models for future PrC-210 use in humans. The PrC-210 structure has a branched structure which enables scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) away from DNA. Normal human blood lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and naked genomic DNA were exposed to PrC-210 from seconds to hours prior to irradiation. Biological (γ-H2AX foci), chemical (8-oxo-deoxyguanosine), and physical (genomic DNA electrophoretic migration) DNA damage endpoints were scored to determine the ability of PrC-210 to suppress radiation-induced DNA damage. X-ray-induced γ-H2AX foci in blood lymphocytes were reduced by 80% after irradiation with 10, 50 and 100 mGy, and DNA double-strand breaks in fibroblasts were reduced by 60% after irradiation with 20 Gy. Additionally, we observed reduction of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (an ROS-mediated, DNA damage marker) in human genomic DNA to background in a PrC-210 dose-dependent manner. PrC-210 also eliminated radiation-induced cell death in colony formation assays after irradiation with 1 Gy. The protective efficacy of PrC-210 in each of these assay systems supports its development as a radioprotector for humans in multiple radiation exposure settings.
CXCR4/SDF1 signalling promotes sensory neuron clusteringin vitro
Authors: Terheyden-Keighley Daniel , Zhang Xiaoqing , Brand-Saberi Beate , Theiss Carsten
Published: August 2018

During the development of the peripheral nervous system, a subgroup of neural crest cells migrate away from the neural tube and coalesce into clusters of sensory neurons (ganglia). Mechanisms involved in the formation of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from neural crest cells are currently unclear. Mice carrying mutations in Cxcr4, which is known to control neural crest migration, exhibit malformed DRG. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we modelled sensory neuron differentiation in vitro by directing the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into sensory neurons under SDF1 (agonist), AMD3100 (antagonist) or control conditions. There we could show a marked effect on the clustering activity of the neurons in vitro, suggesting that CXCR4 signalling is involved in facilitating DRG condensation.
Ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 (Uba52) is essential for preimplantation embryo development
Authors: Mao Jiude , O'Gorman Chad , Sutovsky Miriam , Zigo Michal , Wells Kevin D. , Sutovsky Peter
Published: August 2018

Ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 (Uba52), a ubiquitin-ribosomal fusion gene is a major source of ubiquitin protein for covalent modification of proteinaceous substrates recycled by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Its role in early embryo development has not been studied. Using CRISPR/cas9 gene editing tool, the objective of this study was to determine if UBA52 protein is required for mammalian embryogenesis. Matured metaphase II porcine oocytes were injected with CRISPR Cas9+guide RNAs (Uba52 gRNA) or cas9 without gRNAs as control, followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo culture to day 7. Injection of cas9+gRNAs affected embryo development. On day 4 of embryo culture, the proportion of 2-, 4- and 8-cell stage embryos was significantly different between the Uba52 gRNA and control group (P<0.05), with more 8-cell stage embryos in the control and more 4- and 2-cell stage embryos in the Uba52g RNA group. This delay in the development of Uba52 gRNA embryos occurred at the transition from the 4- to 8-cell stages, around the time of major zygotic genomic activation. The percentage of blastocyst formation on day 7 and the cell number per blastocyst were significantly lower in the Uba52 gRNA group than in the control (P<0.05). Genotyping by PCR and DNA gel electrophoresis analysis showed that 91.8% of embryos that failed to develop to blastocyst had either a monoallelic or a biallelic modification of the Uba52 gene. In comparison, only 24.4% of embryos that reached blastocyst had a monoallelic modification and biallelic editing was not found in any of the blastocysts. Based on immuno-labeling intensity, both UBA52 and proteasome protein levels on days 4 and 7 of culture were significantly lower in the Uba52 gRNA group than in the control (P<0.05), in agreement with UBA52 Western blotting-densitometry of day 4 embryos. Morphological examination of blastomere nuclei revealed abnormal nuclear structure in the Uba52 gRNA group, such as reduced size, irregular shapes, nucleus fragmentation and uneven DNA distribution at all stages of embryo development. Nuclear morphology studies of embryos injected with cas9+gRNAs and co-injected with plasmid DNA encoding nuclear localized GFP further supported these observations. In conclusion, our data indicate that Uba52 gene is essential in early embryogenesis.
Circadian rhythms and environmental disturbances – underexplored interactions
Authors: Prokkola Jenni M. , Nikinmaa Mikko
Published: August 2018

Biological rhythms control the life of virtually all organisms, impacting numerous aspects ranging from subcellular processes to behaviour. Many studies have shown that changes in abiotic environmental conditions can disturb or entrain circadian (∼24 h) rhythms. These expected changes are so large that they could impose risks to the long-term viability of populations. Climate change is a major global stressor affecting the fitness of animals, partially because it challenges the adaptive associations between endogenous clocks and temperature – consequently, one can posit that a large-scale natural experiment on the plasticity of rhythm–temperature interactions is underway. Further risks are posed by chemical pollution and the depletion of oxygen levels in aquatic environments. Here, we focused our attention on fish, which are at heightened risk of being affected by human influence and are adapted to diverse environments showing predictable changes in light conditions, oxygen saturation and temperature. The examined literature to date suggests an abundance of mechanisms that can lead to interactions between responses to hypoxia, pollutants or pathogens and regulation of endogenous rhythms, but also reveals gaps in our understanding of the plasticity of endogenous rhythms in fish and in how these interactions may be disturbed by human influence and affect natural populations. Here, we summarize research on the molecular mechanisms behind environment–clock interactions as they relate to oxygen variability, temperature and responses to pollutants, and propose ways to address these interactions more conclusively in future studies.
Structural basis of IMP3 RRM12 recognition of RNA
Authors: Jia Min , Gut Heinz , Chao Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2018

The IMP family of RNA binding proteins, also named as insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs), are highly conserved RNA regulators that are involved in many RNA processing stages, including mRNA stability, localization, and translation. There are three paralogs in the IMP family, IMP1-3, in mammals that all adopt the same domain arrangement with two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) in the N terminus and four KH domains in the C terminus. Here, we report the structure and biochemical characterization of IMP3 RRM12 and its complex with two short RNAs. These structures show that both RRM domains of IMP3 adopt the canonical RRM topology with two α-helices packed on an anti-parallel four stranded β-sheet. The spatial orientation of RRM1 to RRM2 is unique compared with other known tandem RRM structures. In the IMP3 RRM12 complex with RNA, only RRM1 is involved in RNA binding and recognizes a dinucleotide sequence.
The Question of Modern Economic Development in Greek Historiography and its Public Perception during the 20th century (1907–1990)
Authors: Franghiadis Alexis
Published: August 2018

Presumed traits of the Greek economy, such as backwardness, dependence, faulty entrepreneurship, shortage of capital and aversion to industrial investment, have long constituted a solid stereotype, which emerged in the 1930s. The stereotype was undermined by empirical research during the first period of intense growth of economic history in Greece, from 1974 to 1990. It continues, however, to be perpetuated, even in academia. Its main components are the historiographical silence on the significance that Greek business networks in the Balkans, the Middle East and southern Russia had for the Greek economy; contempt for the presumably feeble and unreliable Greek bourgeoisie; an extreme reliance on the regulatory role of the state, which permeated the political spectrum; and misapprehension of progress outside the secondary sector. The persistence of the stereotype reduces our ability to analyse actual problems that are related to contradictions inherent in modernity and postmodernity, rather than to backwardness or underdevelopment.
The Plurality of Greeknesses in Interwar Greece: A Matter of Culture or Politics?
Authors: Papari Katerina Georgiou
Published: August 2018

The interwar crisis as perceived by conservative German and Greek intellectuals focused particularly on national identity, which they thought to be decisively challenged and threatened by radical transformation. In Greece the intellectual elites undertook the task to interpret the crisis in order to frame a cultural programme concerning the meaning of Hellenism that incorporated their ideological and partisan assumptions. This article explores the notion of Greekness, and the ways it embraced and encapsulated the problems that bedevilled both state and society, during the period of the interwar crisis. It aims, first, to examine the intellectuals' narrative and production of the ideology of Greekness as a signifier that launched, implicitly and explicitly, the elements that constituted a new imaginary institution of the nation. To this end, it will examine theoretical schemes and cultural transfers from German academic currents and theorists of the time and the appeal of their proclamations. The ideology of Greekness offered a means for the government to resolve the issues of the interwar state and, in particular, the challenge of its political survival and continuity. My second aim is to trace the convergences and divergences of the concervative intellectuals' schema of Greekness with the equivalent aspirations of the Thirties Generation. By capturing the meaning of Greekness, the conservative intelligentsia expanded the criterion for Greekness beyond an aesthetic perception of Hellenism and its related conversation with European modernism, as the issue was employed by the writers and poets of the Thirties Generation. Conservative's examination of Greekness disclosed the way that the politics of culture both served and promoted a hegemonic discourse. In conclusion my paper holds that the intellectuals' main concern was to utilize the cultural capital of Hellenism in order to propose a technique of governance, numbering the Greek case among the counterpart nationalist project in Germany at the time. Greekness demonstrated anew an imaginary conceptualization and institutionalization of the nation, that was articulated in accordance with the ideological assertions of conservatives circles and became synonym with a pedagogy of national conformity.
History and Virtual Topology: The Nineteenth-Century Press as Material Flow
Authors: Nivala Asko , Salmi Hannu , Sarjala Jukka
Published: August 2018

Drawing on a new materialist approach, this article discusses the concepts of the virtual and virtual topology, and their fruitfulness for historians' empirical work. It starts by following Gilles Deleuze's argument that the virtual, the transformative potential of the real, has to be distinguished from the possible, which is merely an imagined double of the given world. Embracing this premise, the article shows the potential of virtual topology to shed light on the transformation of a network in the past. It suggests that history is not only about actual and stable things, it is also a site of becomings. This idea is elaborated through an analysis that focuses on the changes in the nineteenth-century Finnish press. The virtual as a theoretical concept is combined with the methodological opportunities offered by recent developments in the digital humanities, in this case, text reuse detection.
Historicising the Metapolitefsi: A Review of the Three Publications of the Themelio Metapolitefsi Series
Authors: Markatos Kimon
Published: August 2018

Review of three publications:Manos Avgeridis, Efi Gazi and Kostis Kornetis (eds.), Μεταπολίτευση: Η Ελλάδα στο μεταίχμιο δύο αιώνων [Metapolitefsi: Greece at the crossroads of two centuries]. Athens: Themelio, 2015. 448 pp.Vangelis Karamanolakis, Ilias Nikolakopoulos and Tasos Sakellaropoulos (eds.), Η μεταπολίτευση ’74-’75: Στιγμές μιας μετάβασης [The metapolitefsi, 1974–75: moments of a transition]. Athens: Themelio, 2016. 248 pp.Leonidas Kallivretakis, Δικτατορία και μεταπολίτευση [Dictatorship and metapolitefsi]. Athens: Themelio, 2017. 280 pp.
Photini Danou, Η Λερναία Ύδρα των Αχρείων: Τα πληβεία στρώματα στην αγγλική πολιτική σκέψη (1509-1625) [The hydra of the vile: plebeians in English political theory, 1509-1625]
Authors: Liapi Lena
Published: August 2018

Review of Photini Danou. Η Λερναία Ύδρα των Αχρείων: Τα πληβεία στρώματα στην αγγλική πολιτική σκέψη (1509-1625) [The hydra of the vile: plebeians in English political theory, 1509-1625]. Athens: Irodotos, 2017. 156 pp.
Hayden White (1928–2018): In memoriam
Authors: Spiropoulou Angeliki
Published: August 2018

Obituary for Hayden White (1928–2018)
Introduction
Authors: Plakotos Giorgos , Syriatou Athina
Published: August 2018

Three historiographical articles, an essay on the press in nineteenth-century Finland and an analysis of a historical novel comprise this issue of Historein. Two of them analyse the historiography of the Greek interwar period as it concerns the economy and notions of national cultural identity, respectively. Another article discusses the impact of digital archiving for the historical profession, contemplating on its responsiveness to the demand for "instant history". The field of digital humanities also informs the next article, which, through the example of the Finnish press, seeks to make the concept of the virtual relevant in historical research. The final article gives a Foucauldian analysis of the notion of parrhesia for two historical personalities as they emerge from a well-known nineteenth-century historical novel, examining the multiple levels of historicity of the personas of the novel as well as the intentions of the critical views of the writer of his contemporary historical conflicts.
Análise do equilíbrio corporal e aptidão física de indivíduos em tratamento para dependência química
Authors: Malagodi Bruno , Greguol Márcia , Serassuelo Junior Helio
Published: August 2018

O abuso de álcool e drogas pode ocasionar efeitos negativos nas habilidades motoras e capacidades coordenativas. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado a precariedade nos níveis de aptidão física em indivíduos dependentes químicos, sendo que variáveis da aptidão física e equilíbrio corporal são influenciados pelo consumo prolongado dessas substâncias mesmo após a cessação do uso. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar indicadores da aptidão física e equilíbrio corporal de indivíduos internados para tratamento de dependência química, relacionando os dados ao tempo de uso de drogas ou álcool. Foram analisados indicadores antropométricos, exibilidade, agilidade e equilíbrio de 46 indivíduos adultos (14 mulheres e 32 homens com 38,3 ± 12,9 anos), que também responderam uma anamnese. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste t student, Mann Whitney e correlação de Spearman, adotando-se p ≤ 0,05. Os resultados obtidos demonstram maior prevalência de pacientes do sexo masculino, dependentes de múltiplas substâncias, baixo nível de escolaridade, tempo de consumo superior a 10 anos e que não praticavam atividade física regular previamente à internação. Quanto maior o tempo de uso, piores são os resultados nos testes de agilidade e equilíbrio, tanto com olhos abertos quanto com os olhos fechados. É possível concluir que tanto o avançar da idade quanto o maior tempo de dependência pioram o desempenho nas variáveis agilidade e equilíbrio corporal. Dessa forma, ressalta-se a importância em oferecer programas de atividade física que aprimorem aspectos da aptidão física relacionada à saúde de indivíduos internados para tratamento de dependência química, sobretudo para aqueles com maior tempo de uso de drogas e álcool.
Preaching to the Choir: The Chasm Between Top-Ranked Reviewers, Mainstream Customers, and Product Sales
Authors: Yazdani Elham , Gopinath Shyam , Carson Steve
Published: August 2018

The main objective of this research is to study the effect of reviews by top- and bottom-ranked reviewers on product sales.
RUNX3 Epigenetic Inactivation Is Associated With Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Hui , Yan Zhantao , Yin Qianqian , Cao Kai , Wei Yu , Rodriguez-Canales Jaime , Ma Dongshen , Wu Yongping
Published: August 2018

The role of Runt-related transcription factor 3 ( RUNX3) gene in breast cancer remains not fully understood. We studied the correlation between RUNX3 gene promoter methylation and estrogen receptor (ER) expression status in breast cancer. Three breast cancer cell lines and 113 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue samples were analyzed for RUNX3 expression. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze RUNX3 methylation on the samples. Migration and invasion ability were evaluated in MCF7 cell line (RUNX3 methylated) treated with methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) to study the effect of RUNX3 methylation status. Our data showed that the expression of RUNX3 was high in MCF10A but not in MCF7 and SKBR3 cell lines, while the RUNX3 promoter showed hypermethylation in MCF7 but not in MCF10A and SKBR3. In tissues samples, Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of RUNX3 protein was higher in ER-negative samples than in ER-positive cases, and it was negatively correlated with the methylation status of the RUNX3 gene promoter. Proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF7 were suppressed when 5-Aza-CdR treated. Also, the hypermethylation status of RUNX3 gene promoter was reversed and RUNX3 expression was increased. In summary, our data suggest that hypermethylation of the RUNX3 gene promoter may play an important role in ER-positive breast tumor progression.
Infeksi pada Ginjal dan Saluran Kemih Anak: Manifestasi Klinis dan Tata Laksana
Authors: Pardede Sudung O
Published: August 2018

Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) disebabkan berbagai jenis mikroba seperti bakteri, virus, dan jamur. Penyebab ISK paling sering adalah bakteri Escherichia coli. Infeksi saluran kemih pada anak dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan lokasi infeksi, manifestasi klinis, ada tidaknya kelainan saluran kemih,  dan kepentingan klinis. Manifestasi klinis ISK bervariasi, tergantung pada usia, tempat infeksi dalam saluran kemih, dan beratnya infeksi atau intensitas reaksi peradangan. Sebagian ISK pada anak merupakan ISK asimtomatik dan umumnya ditemukan pada anak usia sekolah, terutama anak perempuan dan ISK asimtomatik umumnya tidak berlanjut menjadi pielonefritis. Manifestasi klinis ISK pada anak dapat berupa pielonefritis akut atau febrile urinary tract infection, sistitis, sistitis hemorhagik, ISK asimtomatik. Tata laksana ISK terdiri atas eradikasi infeksi akut, deteksi dan tata laksana kelainan anatomi  dan fungsional pada ginjal dan saluran kemih, deteksi  dan mencegah infeksi berulang. Tujuan pemberian antimikroba adalah untuk mengatasi infeksi akut, mencegah urosepsis, dan mencegah atau mengurangi kerusakan ginjal.
Interaction between photoactivators and adhesive systems used as modeling liquid on the degree of conversion of a composite for bleached teeth
Authors: Dos Santos Thiago Jonathan Silva , Melo Ana Margarida dos Santos , Tertulino Matheus Dantas , Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra , Da Silva Ademir Oliveira , Medeiros Maria Cristina dos Santos
Published: August 2018

Objective: This study analyzed the effect of two light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the degree of conversion (DC) of a composite resin for bleached teeth under the influence of adhesives systems used as modeling liquid. Material and methods: A total of 60 samples of IPS Empress Direct resin (Ivoclar, Vivadent) in BL-L shade were made in a single increment and polymerized for 20 seconds. The treatments were: 1) Type of adhesive used as modeling liquid (Adper Single Bond 2; the bond component of Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; or no adhesive systems used as modeling liquid were used in the control group); and 2) Type of LED (Bluephase, polywave; and Coltolux, monowave). The DC, percentage of monomers converted to polymer during polymerization, was were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with 10 scans and wavenumber related to 1/? for observation of the peaks at 1608 and 1638 cm-1. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's test (p< 0.05). Results: There was no statistical difference between LEDs in comparison to the treatments (p> 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant increase in the DC for the adhesive systems tested in comparison to the control group (p< 0.05), with the highest values for Single Bond 2. Conclusion: It is concluded that the use of adhesives as modeling liquid of Empress Direct resin for bleached teeth shade increases the degree of conversion of the composite surface, and that curing with both kinds of LEDs does not interfere in this property. KeywordsComposite resins; Dentin-bonding agents; Surface properties.
Comparative analysis of different prophylatic methods on primary teeth enamel roughness
Authors: Fava Marcelo , Viana Frascino Alexandre , Balducci Ivan , Ramos Carolina Judica
Published: August 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform an experimental quantitative comparison of primary teeth enamel alterations under three commonly prophylaxis surface polishing treatments. Material and Methods: 36 healthy primary teeth naturally exfoliated were selected and randomly separated in three groups. Group I was treated with a rotary instrument set at a low speed, rubber cup and a mixture of water and pumice; group II with a rotary instrument set at a low speed, rubber cup and prophylaxis paste Herjos-F (Vigodent S/A Indústria e Comércio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil); and group III with sodium bicarbonate spray Profi II Ceramic (Dabi Atlante Indústrias Médico Odontológicas Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil). All procedures were performed by the same operator for ten seconds, and samples were rinsed and stored in distilled water. Pre-and post-treatment surface evaluation was completed using a surface profilometer Mitutoyo SJ400. Results: The results of this study were statistically analyzed with the GraphPad PRISM (version 6, 2010). The pumice and water led to significantly rougher surfaces than other groups in Tukey’s test (Group I: 1.22 Ra; Group II 0.38 Ra; Group III: 1.01 Ra). Pre-and post-treatment comparison revealed significantly rougher enamel surface with pumice. Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be concluded that there was an increased enamel surface roughness when teeth were treated with pumice and water in comparison to bicarbonate spray and prophylaxis paste.KeywordsDental enamel; Dental prophylaxis; Jet abrasive system; Enamel roughness; Primary teeth.
The relationship between ras protein and odontogenic lesions
Authors: Silva Camila Duarte da , Silva Igor Boaventura da , Costa Victor , Carvalho Yasmin Rodarte , Tango Estela Kaminagakura
Published: August 2018

Odontogenic lesions comprise a diverse group of lesions which usually affect the oral cavity and are derived from embryonic dental tissues. Their mechanisms of development and progression are still not fully known, but there are some studies investigating the participation of specific proteins in these events. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of KRAS protein in these pathologies and also to correlate the protein expression with the behaviour of the lesions studied. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of 20 cases was performed for each one of the following lesions: dentigerous cyst (DC), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and ameloblastoma (AB), totalising 60 cases to be analysed. Results: By considering the KRAS immune-expression, there were 11 cases (55%) presenting over-expression (score 3) in the basal layer of DC and 13 cases (65%) in the supra-basal layer. A similar finding was observed in the analysis of OKC, with eight cases (40%) in the supra-basal layer (score 3) and only five cases (25%) in the basal layer. As for AB, the over-expression was found in six cases (30%). Conclusion: Therefore, one believes that the KRAS expression in odontogenic lesions is inversely proportional to their aggressive behaviour.KeywordsKRAS; Odontogenic lesions; Immunohistochemistry
Influence of the calcium hydroxide paste vehicle on penetration into lateral canals
Authors: Vidal Amanda Sousa , Leão Daniele Aparecida , Guimarães Fernanda Mota , Gonçalves Mariana Oliveira , Pinheiro Raissa Freitas , Cunha Tereza Cristina Rodrigues , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro , Duque Jussaro Alves
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to use Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate the influence of the type of vehicle associated with calcium hydroxide on its ability to penetrate simulated lateral canals. Material and methods: 30 acrylic blocks with simulated lateral canals comprising apical, middle and cervical thirds were used in the in vitro study. The blocks were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the type of vehicle used (chlorhexidine, distilled water and propylene glycol) in the calcium hydroxide slurry, which was inserted in the respective group of simulated canals with a K# 30 file and then agitated with an ultrasonic tip. The blocks were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) before and after insertion of the medication. The images obtained were reconstructed and analyzed to obtain the initial volume of lateral canals and the volume of medication that penetrated into them. Results: In the intragroup analysis, both distilled water and chlorhexidine 2% were observed to present statistical difference in all thirds of the canal. Propylene glycol showed no intragroup difference. In the inter-group analysis, the propylene glycol paste presented higher values of penetration into the simulated lateral canals than the other groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: Propylene glycol used as vehicle of the calcium hydroxide paste provided better penetration results in simulated lateral canals. KeywordsEndodontics; Calcium hydroxide; Propylene glycol.
The Role of paribhāṣās in Mīmāṃsā: Rational Rules of Textual Exegesis
Authors: Freschi Elisa
Published: August 2018

This article provides a first investigation on the metarules adopted in the Mīmāṃsā school of textual exegesis. These are not systematically listed and discussed, but they can be seen at work throughout the history of Mīmāṃsā. The Mīmāṃsā school has the exegesis of the sacred texts called Veda as its main focus. The metarules used to understand the Vedic texts are, however, not derived from the Veda itself and are rather rational rules which can be derived from the use of language in general and which Mīmāṃsā authors recognized and analyzed. Since the metarules are considered to be not derived from the Veda, it is all but natural that later authors inspired by Mīmāṃsā apply them outside the precinct of the Veda, for instance in the fields of textual linguistics, poetics, theology and jurisprudence.
NPM1A in plasma is a potential prognostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sun Chengming , Gao Yujie , Yang Liping , Shao Huiyuan , li Jie , Gao Xuejun , Ma Li , Lin Mingming , Sui Jingrui
Published: August 2018

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate whether nucleophosmin type A mutation (NPM1A) in plasma was associated with the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods

PlasmaNPM1Alevels were investigated in 80 AML patients, 22 patients with benign hematopathy and 12 healthy donors by qRT-PCR. Additionally, the relationship betweenNPM1Alevels and clinic characteristics were evaluated by Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS), and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

Plasma levels ofNPM1Ain AML patients were significantly higher than those in benign hematopathy patients and healthy controls, respectively (both P<0.001). Additionally, highNPM1Alevel was significantly associated with higher WBC and platelet count (both, P<0.05). Moreover, survival analysis revealed that patients with highNPM1Alevels had worse OS (P<0.001) and RFS (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis identifiedNPM1Aas an independent prognostic predictor for AML (OS: HR=8.214, 95% CI: 2.974-22.688, P<0.001; RFS: HR=4.640, 95%CI: 1.825-11.795, P=0.001).

Conclusions

Results reveal thatNPM1Ain plasma could serve as an ideal tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with AML.
Small heat shock proteins and neurodegeneration: recent developments
Authors: Kourtis Nikos , Tavernarakis Nektarios
Published: August 2018

Members of the small heat shock protein (sHSP) family are molecular chaperones with a critical role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis under unfavorable conditions. The chaperone properties of sHSPs prevent protein aggregation, and sHSP deregulation underlies the pathology of several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Recent evidence suggests that the clientele of sHSPs is broad, and the mechanisms of sHSP-mediated neuroprotection diverse. Nonetheless, the crosstalk of sHSPs with the neurodegeneration-promoting signaling pathways remains poorly understood. Here, we survey recent findings on the role and regulation of sHSPs in neurodegenerative diseases.
Study on gamma ray shielding performance of concretes doped with natural sepiolite mineral
Authors: Agar Osman
Published: August 2018

Gamma ray attenuation coefficients for various concrete types containing natural sepiolite mineral and B4C have been experimentally investigated at different gamma energies. In order to obtain the gamma rays, the four radioactive point-isotropic sources 133Ba, 137Cs, 60Co and 22Na which energies ranged from 80.9 to 1332.5 keV have been utilized. The measurements have been carried out by using HPGe detector and MCA equipped with a personal computer. The morphological structure and elemental compositions of the concretes have been measured with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. Linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mass attenuation coefficient (μ
m

), half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) have been calculated for all concretes. The obtained results have been compared to the other materials such as Pb and Al.
Effect of Postactivation Potentiation on Explosive Vertical Jump: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dobbs Ward C. , Tolusso Danilo V. , Fedewa Michael V. , Esco Michael R.
Published: August 2018

Dobbs, WC, Tolusso, DV, Fedewa, MV, and Esco, MR. Effect of postactivation potentiation on explosive vertical jump: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 2009–2018, 2019—The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify the magnitude of the effect of postactivation potentiation (PAP) on explosive vertical power while accounting for the nesting of multiple effects within each study. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement (PRISMA). Original research articles published by January 18, 2018, were located using an electronic search of 4 databases and yielded 759 original publications. Data were extracted and independently coded by 2 authors (W.C.D. and D.V.T.). The standardized mean effect size (ES) was calculated by subtracting the pre-treatment mean from the post-treatment mean and dividing by the pooled SD, adjusting for small sample bias. Multilevel random-effects model was used to aggregate a mean ES and 95% confidence interval (CI) for PAP on vertical jump performance. The cumulative results of 179 effects gathered from 36 studies indicate that PAP does not improve vertical jump performance (ES = 0.08, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.21, p = 0.197), with moderate heterogeneity. Moderator analysis indicated that rest intervals between 3 and 7 minutes provided favorable performance outcomes (ES = 0.18, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.31, p = 0.007). Conversely, rest intervals less than 3 minutes (ES = −0.15, 95% CI −0.31 to 0.01, p = 0.052) or performing isometric contractions (ES = −0.52, 95% CI −0.89 to −0.14, p = 0.007) may be detrimental to performance. Meta-regression indicated that rest interval was the only moderator significantly associated with ES (β = −0.04, 95% CI −0.57 to −0.02, R
2 = 14.31%, p < 0.001). When appropriate PAP guidelines are followed, an increase in vertical jump performance may be achieved.