bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplicative random seismic noise caused by small-scale near-surface scattering and its transformation during stacking
Authors: Bakulin Andrey , Neklyudov Dmitry , Silvestrov Ilya
Published: May 2022

Even after sophisticated processing, land seismic data in complex areas exhibit weak and distorted prestack reflections with low coherency. Usually, the local stacking methods reveal clear reflections. However, the absolute level of amplitude spectra after such stacking experiences a substantial decline across the entire frequency band, reaching −10 to −25 dB. In addition, stacking leads to a significant and progressive loss of higher frequencies. We describe mathematical and intuitive physical models for multiplicative random noise that could consistently explain these field observations at least semiquantitatively. Multiplicative noise is represented by random timeshifts (residual statics) and random phase perturbations different for each frequency. Residual statics explain the progressive loss of higher frequencies. On the other hand, phase perturbations lead to a severe loss of coherency on prestack gathers and produce a strong downward bias or loss of broadband amplitudes after stacking. We find that both types of multiplicative noise can be physically generated by near-surface scattering layers with small-to-medium-scale geologic heterogeneities. We speculate that such multiplicative distortions can be referred to as seismic speckle noise well established in optics and ultrasonics. Furthermore, we derive the fundamental properties of how random multiplicative noise transforms while stacking. The first essential finding reveals that stacking produces an unbiased estimate of the clean signal phase. The second finding finds the mathematical relationship between the frequency-dependent loss of stacked amplitude and the standard deviation of residual statics and phase perturbations. These findings serve as a theoretical justification for the previously proposed methods of phase substitution and phase corrections and open the way to efficiently address random multiplicative noise in seismic processing.
The Promise of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Radiation Oncology Practice in the Management of Brain, Prostate, and GI Malignancies
Authors: Srinivasan Shashank , Dasgupta Archya , Chatterjee Abhishek , Baheti Akshay , Engineer Reena , Gupta Tejpal , Murthy Vedang
Published: May 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a key role to play at multiple steps of the radiotherapy (RT) treatment planning and delivery process. Development of high-precision RT techniques such as intensity-modulated RT, stereotactic ablative RT, and particle beam therapy has enabled oncologists to escalate RT dose to the target while restricting doses to organs at risk (OAR). MRI plays a critical role in target volume delineation in various disease sites, thus ensuring that these high-precision techniques can be safely implemented. Accurate identification of gross disease has also enabled selective dose escalation as a means to widen the therapeutic index. Morphological and functional MRI sequences have also facilitated an understanding of temporal changes in target volumes and OAR during a course of RT, allowing for midtreatment volumetric and biological adaptation. The latest advancement in linear accelerator technology has led to the incorporation of an MRI scanner in the treatment unit. MRI-guided RT provides the opportunity for MRI-only workflow along with online adaptation for either target or OAR or both. MRI plays a key role in post-treatment response evaluation and is an important tool for guiding decision making. In this review, we briefly discuss the RT-related applications of MRI in the management of brain, prostate, and GI malignancies.
Description and Disposition of Patients With Cancer Accessing a Novel, Pharmacist-Led Cannabis Consultation Service
Authors: Marchese Maria , Zhu Catherine , Charbonneau L. Flay , Peragine Christine , De Angelis Carlo
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:

The Cannabis Consultation Service (CCS) is an innovative pharmacist-led resource at the Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre. Its mandate is to provide education and guide patients through access and appropriate use of high-quality plant-derived cannabinoids (PDCs). Our objective was to describe the CCS, explain its processes, and characterize patient disposition with respect to use of PDCs.

METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients referred to the CCS from July 13, 2020, to March 05, 2021. We used descriptive statistics to report on the patient population and service metrics.

RESULTS:

During the 34-week period, 96 patients accessed the CCS (median age, 61 years). The top reasons for CCS consultation were management of cancer pain, insomnia, and general interest. Medical cannabis was supported as an option in 44/96 patients. Reasons for not supporting PDC use included lack of indication, potential drug interaction/contraindication, or requiring treatment with first-line therapy. Of the 40 patients requiring a medical document, 22 initiated therapy. The most common product used was a 2:50 THC:CBD (Tetrahydrocannabinol:Cannabidiol) cannabis oil. At the date of last contact, few patients remained on therapy because of lack of benefit, patient choice, and/or hesitancy.

CONCLUSION:

Despite patients with cancer having interest in seeking PDCs for symptom management, only a few initiated and continued therapy. Pharmacists have an opportunity to advise patients and the oncology team on the risks and benefits of PDCs. These results can be used to support the development of medical cannabis programs by oncology centers and focus future research priorities.
Relationships of Glucose, GLP-1, and Insulin Secretion With Gastric Emptying After a 75-g Glucose Load in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jalleh Ryan J , Wu Tongzhi , Jones Karen L , Rayner Christopher K , Horowitz Michael , Marathe Chinmay S
Published: May 2022

Context

The relationships of gastric emptying (GE) with the glycemic response at 120 minutes, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and insulin secretion following a glucose load in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are uncertain.

Objective

We evaluated the relationship of plasma glucose, GLP-1, and insulin secretion with GE of a 75-g oral glucose load in T2D.

Design

Single-center, cross-sectional, post hoc analysis.

Setting

Institutional research center.

Participants

43 individuals with T2D age 65.6 ± 1.1 years, hemoglobin A1c 7.2 ± 1.0%, median duration of diabetes 5 years managed by diet and/or metformin.

Intervention

Participants consumed the glucose drink radiolabeled with 99mTc-phytate colloid following an overnight fast. GE (scintigraphy), plasma glucose, GLP-1, insulin, and C-peptide were measured between 0 and 180 minutes.

Main Outcome Measures

The relationships of the plasma glucose at 120 minutes, plasma GLP-1, and insulin secretion (calculated by Δinsulin0-30/ Δglucose0-30 and ΔC-peptide0-30/Δglucose0-30) with the rate of GE (scintigraphy) were evaluated.

Results

There were positive relationships of plasma glucose at 30 minutes (r = 0.56, P < 0.001), 60 minutes (r = 0.57, P < 0.001), and 120 minutes (r = 0.51, P < 0.001) but not at 180 minutes (r = 0.13, P = 0.38), with GE. The 120-minute plasma glucose and GE correlated weakly in multiple regression models adjusting for age, GLP-1, and insulin secretion (P = 0.04 and P = 0.06, respectively). There was no relationship of plasma GLP-1 with GE. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that there was no significant effect of GE on insulin secretion.

Conclusion

In T2D, while insulin secretion is the dominant determinant of the 120-minute plasma glucose, GE also correlates. Given the relevance to interpreting the results of an oral glucose tolerance test, this relationship should be evaluated further. There appears to be no direct effect of GE on either GLP-1 or insulin secretion.
Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Obesity-related Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Mela Virginia , Ruiz-Limón Patricia , Balongo Manuel , Motahari Rad Hanieh , Subiri-Verdugo Alba , Gonzalez-Jimenez Andres , Soler Rocio , Ocaña Luis , el Azzouzi Hamid , Tinahones Francisco J , Valdivielso Pedro , Murri Mora
Published: May 2022

Context

The prevalence of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia is an alarming worldwide health issue. Mitochondria play a central role in these disorders as they control cell metabolism.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to characterize mitochondrial homeostasis in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) in grade III obese patients with and without hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, this study presents the evaluation of mitochondrial fitness as a marker for hypertriglyceridemia improvement.

Patients

Eight control and 12 hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) grade III obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery were included.

Main Outcome Measures

Anthropometric and biochemical data were obtained before and 3 months after surgery. Mitochondrial homeostasis was evaluated by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), gene expression and protein abundance in SAT and VAT.

Results

Mitophagy-related gene expression was increased in HTG SAT and VAT, while mitochondrial marker gene expression and mtDNA were decreased, indicating an altered mitochondrial homeostasis in HTG. Mitophagy protein abundance was increased in VAT of those subjects that did not improve their levels of triglycerides after bariatric surgery, whereas mitochondrial protein was decreased in the same tissue. Indeed, triglyceride levels positively correlated with mitophagy-related genes and negatively with mitochondrial content markers. Moreover, mitochondria content and mitophagy markers seem to be significant predictors of hypertriglyceridemia and hypertriglyceridemia remission.

Conclusions

Mitochondrial homeostasis of adipose tissue is altered in hypertriglyceridemic patients. At the protein level, mitochondria content and mitophagy are potential markers of hypertriglyceridemia remission in obese patients after bariatric surgery. These results may contribute to the implementation of a clinical approach for personalized medicine.
Hbxip is essential for murine embryogenesis and regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation through activating mTORC1
Authors: Qin Yan , Ni Peiling , Zhang Qingye , Wang Xiao , Du Xiaoling , Yin Zixi , Wang Lingling , Ye Lihong , Chen Lingyi
Published: May 2022

HBXIP, also named LAMTOR5, has been well characterized as a transcriptional co-activator in various cancers. However, the role of Hbxip in normal development remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that homozygous knockout of Hbxip leads to embryonic lethality, with retarded growth around E7.5, and that depletion of Hbxip compromises the self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), with reduced expression of pluripotency genes, reduced cell proliferation and decreased colony-forming capacity. In addition, both Hbxip−/− ESCs and E7.5 embryos displayed defects in ectodermal and mesodermal differentiation. Mechanistically, Hbxip interacts with other components of the Ragulator complex, which is required for mTORC1 activation by amino acids. Importantly, ESCs depleted of Ragulator subunits, Lamtor3 or Lamtor4, displayed differentiation defects similar to those of Hbxip−/− ESCs. Moreover, Hbxip−/−, p14−/− and p18−/− mice, lacking subunits of the Ragulator complex, also shared similar phenotypes, embryonic lethality and retarded growth around E7-E8. Thus, we conclude that Hbxip plays a pivotal role in the development and differentiation of the epiblast, as well as the self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs, through activating mTORC1 signaling.
Chromosome organization through the cell cycle at a glance
Authors: Srinivasan Divyaa , Shisode Tarak , Shrinet Jatin , Fraser Peter
Published: May 2022

Genome organization and the three-dimensional folding of chromosomes are now seen as major contributors to nearly all nuclear functions including gene regulation, replication and repair. Recent studies have shown that in addition to the dramatic metamorphoses in chromosome conformation associated with entry to, and exit from mitosis, chromosomes undergo continual conformational changes throughout interphase with differential dynamics in loop structure, topological domains, compartments and lamina-associated domains. Understanding and accounting for these cell-cycle-dependent conformational changes is essential for the interpretation of data from a growing array of powerful molecular techniques to investigate genome conformation function, and to identify the molecules and mechanisms that drive chromosome conformational changes. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review Hi-C and microscopy studies describing cell-cycle-dependent conformational changes in chromosome structure.
Laparoscopic Ovarian Transposition with Extraperitonealization of the Infundibulopelvic Ligament for Cervical Cancer in Ten Steps
Authors: Bizzarri Nicolò , Loverro Matteo , Angeles Martina A. , Pedone Anchora Luigi , Fagotti Anna , Fanfani Francesco , Ferrandina Gabriella , Scambia Giovanni , Querleu Denis
Published: May 2022

Preservation of ovarian function is important for the physical and psychosexual well-being of young patients with cancer. Patients with pelvic malignancies such as cervical or rectal cancer planned for radiotherapy may benefit from ovarian transposition with the aim of moving the ovaries outside the radiation field.1 Different surgical techniques have been reported previously.2,3 With the present video, we aim to standardize the surgical technique of laparoscopic ovarian transposition in ten steps. We present the case of a 30-year-old nulliparous woman diagnosed with grade 3 squamous cell cervical carcinoma having a largest tumor diameter of 41 mm on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The tumor was staged as FIGO 2018 stage IIIC1r with a common iliac lymphadenopathy reported on both MRI and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan. The multidisciplinary team recommended exclusive chemoradiation extended to paraaortic area. The patient underwent laparoscopic bilateral salpingectomy and bilateral ovarian transposition with extraperitonealization of the infundibulopelvic ligament. The procedure was divided into the following ten steps: division of uteroovarian ligament, incision of lateral pelvic peritoneum, identification of ureter, incision of medial pelvic peritoneum, skeletonization of the infundibulopelvic ligament, retroperitoneal tunnel in paracolic gutter, creating the window (as high as possible), mobilization of the ovary without torsion, intraperitonealization of the ovary, and fix ovary with clips (Fig. 1). Surgical time was 30 min, with minimal estimated blood loss. No intra- or postoperative complication was recorded. The patient started radiotherapy 14 days after the procedure. In conclusion, we showed that laparoscopic ovarian transposition in cervical cancer before radiotherapy can be standardized in ten steps with encouraging perioperative results, making it an easily reproducible procedure. Ovarian function is reported to be preserved in 62–65% of cases undergoing ovarian transposition and radiation therapy.4,5
Undisclosed Debt Sustainability
Authors: Alfaro Laura , Kanczuk Fabio
Published: May 2022

Over the past decade, non-Paris Club creditors, notably China, have become an important source of financing for low- and middle-income countries. In contrast with typical sovereign debt, these lending arrangements are not public, and other creditors have no information about their magnitude. We transform the traditional sovereign debt and default model to quantitatively study incomplete information arrangements and find that they greatly reduce traditional Paris Club creditors' debt sustainability. Disclosure of nontraditional debt would imply significant welfare gains for the recipient countries but would reduce its sustainability. We discuss the implications of nontraditional lending on standard assumptions of sovereign debt models.
Black Land Loss: 1920–1997
Authors: Francis Dania V. , Hamilton Darrick , Mitchell Thomas W. , Rosenberg Nathan A. , Stucki Bryce Wilson
Published: May 2022

Black agricultural land ownership was at a peak just after the turn of the twentieth century; however, there was a nearly 90 percent decline in ownership from 1910 to 1997. In this paper, we use US Census of Agriculture data to estimate that the present, compounded value of the Black land loss from 1920 to 1997 is roughly $326 billion.
A General Solution to the Problem of Setting Optimal Default Options
Authors: Bernheim B. Douglas , Mueller-Gastell Jonas
Published: May 2022

We examine the problem of setting optimal default options such as passively selected contribution rates in employee-directed pension plans. Existing results suggest that a simple rule of thumb, opt-out minimization, is optimal under special conditions, but this result is fragile, and the literature does not provide a general analytic solution. In a recent paper, we demonstrated with considerable generality that weighted opt-out minimization is approximately optimal, and we identified surprisingly broad conditions under which unweighted opt-out minimization is approximately optimal. Here we provide concise intuition for these results.
Put on ICE? Effects of Immigration Raids in the Animal Slaughtering and Processing Industry
Authors: Orrenius Pia M. , Zavodny Madeline
Published: May 2022

The animal slaughtering and processing industry was the epicenter of work site immigration raids from 2006 to 2008 that were aimed at rooting out unauthorized immigrant workers in the United States. This study examines whether the industry shifted toward legal workers in the wake of the raids and whether wages, worker turnover, and other labor market outcomes changed as well. We find that the industry initially shifted toward legal foreign-born workers, particularly refugees, but the change faded over time. We also find a substantial increase in industry worker turnover, but not in average wages, at the national level.
Easier to Start, Harder to Succeed: Barriers to Black Entrepreneurship since the Great Recession
Authors: Bento Pedro , Hwang Sunju
Published: May 2022

We use a structural framework to interpret trends related to Black entrepreneurship, and infer how race-specific barriers faced by Black entrepreneurs have changed since the Great Recession. While all barriers declined consistently before the Recession, we find only the cost of starting a firm has declined since, relative to the cost faced by non-Black entrepreneurs. Since the Recession, Black entrepreneurs have experienced sharply increasing costs of employing labor and capital, and declining demand relative to other entrepreneurs. As a result, convergence in entrepreneurship rates has stalled.
Structural Vector Autoregressions with Imperfect Identifying Information
Authors: Baumeister Christiane , Hamilton James D.
Published: May 2022

The problem of identification is often the core challenge of empirical economic research. The traditional approach to identification is to bring in additional information in the form of identifying assumptions, such as restrictions that certain magnitudes have to be zero. In this paper, we suggest that what are usually thought of as identifying assumptions should more generally be described as information that the analyst had about the economic structure before seeing the data. Such information is most naturally represented as a Bayesian prior distribution over certain features of the economic structure.
Empowering Women to Engage in Commercial Agriculture
Authors: Ambler Kate , Jones Kelly M. , O'Sullivan Michael
Published: May 2022

Despite women's large contributions to agricultural production in developing countries, they are often excluded from market-facing activities. There is little evidence on how to increase their participation in commercial agriculture. We designed a private sector intervention to encourage male outgrowers in Uganda to transfer a sugarcane contract to their wife or to register a previously uncontracted block in her name. A randomized controlled trial indicates that given some encouragement, men are willing to transfer rights to their wives for cane blocks of significant quality and value. Increased cane ownership by women increased women's participation in cane management and marketing activities.
Wealth Taxation: Lessons from History and Recent Developments
Authors: Saez Emmanuel , Zucman Gabriel
Published: May 2022

This paper describes the historical experience of wealth taxation in Europe and draws lessons from this history for wealth taxation in the twenty-first century. We show that the wealth tax base was narrow in European countries, due to large exemptions, tax avoidance, and evasion. The paper explains why such exemptions were granted and how they undermined the European wealth taxes. Drawing from this experience, we lay out the key design and enforcement features required for a successful wealth tax in the twenty-first century and compare this ideal wealth tax to proposals recently made in the United States.
Gender and Inheritances
Authors: Black Sandra E. , Devereux Paul J. , Landaud Fanny , Salvanes Kjell G.
Published: May 2022

Using administrative data from Norway, we document that gifts and inheritances are a more important component of total income for women than for men. This is particularly true at the very top of the distributions of total lifetime income and net wealth. These differences are not due to gender differences in the receipt of intergenerational transfers but are driven by gender differences in total income. When we calculate counterfactual distributions of total lifetime income where gifts and inheritances are equalized across all individuals, we find that gifts and inheritances tend to reduce gender gaps across the distribution.
The Correlation of Net and Gross Wealth across Generations: The Role of Parent Income and Child Age
Authors: Daysal N. Meltem , Lovenheim Michael F. , Wasser David N.
Published: May 2022

We use Danish register data to examine intergenerational rank-rank correlations in net wealth and gross housing wealth by child age and parental income. Our results indicate that gross housing wealth correlations are more stable by child age than are net wealth correlations, which we argue is due to a downward bias in net wealth correlations from transitory debt. Intergenerational housing wealth correlations also are larger for lower-income families, while net wealth correlations do not vary much across the income distribution. Finally, we show that intergenerational net wealth and gross housing wealth correlations move in opposite directions across the income distribution.
Segregation and the Initial Provision of Water in the United States
Authors: Beach Brian , Parman John , Saavedra Martin
Published: May 2022

US cities invested heavily in water and sewer infrastructure throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These investments improved public health and quality of life by helping US cities control typhoid fever and other waterborne diseases. We show that segregated cities invested in water infrastructure earlier but were slower to reach universal access and slower to eliminate typhoid fever. We develop a theoretical model that illustrates how segregation, by facilitating the exclusion of Black households from water and sewer systems, explains these seemingly paradoxical findings.
Boomtowns: Local Shocks and Inequality in 1920s California
Authors: Quincy Sarah , Gray Rowena
Published: May 2022

As the United States economy grew in the 1920s, both wealth and income inequality rose as well. California land values were especially volatile as a variety of shocks buffeted the state. This paper summarizes how these local booms affected housing inequality by linking archival data on city property values to the full count 1930 census. I first characterize the relationship between the type of shock and city property values during the 1920s. Then I relate these real estate market swings to the occupational and housing distribution within and across cities in 1930.
Efficient Full Implementation via Transfers: Uniqueness and Sensitivity in Symmetric Environments
Authors: Ollár Mariann , Penta Antonio
Published: May 2022

We study efficient full implementation via transfers in unique rationalizable strategies in environments that are symmetric in two senses: first, agents display the same total level of preference interdependence; second, types are commonly known to be drawn from distributions with identical (but unknown) means. We characterize the conditions under which full efficient implementation is possible via direct mechanisms, as well as the transfer schemes that achieve it whenever possible. We discuss a further robustness property--robustness to mistaken play--and show that it uniquely selects the transfer scheme that induces an even redistribution of strategic externalities.
Revealed Preferences for Randomization: An Overview
Authors: Agranov Marina , Ortoleva Pietro
Published: May 2022

We survey the empirical evidence on subjects' desire to randomize and its relation to stochastic choice. Preferences for randomization are documented by a substantial body of empirical work using different methodologies and in several domains, including objective lotteries and ambiguous gambles, social preferences, time preferences, and games. The desire to randomize is correlated across domains and related to standard evidence of stochastic choice. We relate this evidence to models of nonexpected utility and incomplete preferences.
Inequality in the Effects of Primary School Closures due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the Netherlands
Authors: Haelermans Carla , Jacobs Madelon , van der Velden Rolf , van Vugt Lynn , van Wetten Sanne
Published: May 2022

Using a large dataset of around 500,000 students from about 1,900 schools, this paper shows the effect of two school closures and 1.5 years of the COVID-19 pandemic on standardized learning growth for mathematics, reading, and spelling in Dutch primary education. We find that the school closures have a negative effect on standardized learning growth, amounting to an annual average of 5.5 weeks of learning loss. When analyzing differential effects by socioeconomic status, parental education, household income, household structure, household size, and migration status, we find that the negative effect is larger for the more vulnerable students.
Assessing the role of vascular risk factors in dementia: Mendelian randomization meta-analysis and comparison with observational estimates
Authors: Lee Liam , Walker Rosie , Whiteley William
Published: May 2022

Background:  Although observational studies demonstrate that higher levels of vascular risk factors are associated with an increased risk of dementia, these associations might be explained by confounding or other biases. Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic instruments to test causal relationships in observational data. We sought to determine if genetically predicted modifiable risk factors (type 2 diabetes mellitus, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and circulating glucose) are associated with dementia by meta-analysing published MR studies. Secondary objectives were to identify heterogeneity in effect estimates across primary MR studies and to compare meta-analysis results with observational studies.

Methods: MR studies were identified by systematic search of Web of Science, OVID and Scopus. We selected primary MR studies investigating the modifiable risk factors of interest. Only one study from each cohort per risk factor was included. A quality assessment tool was developed to primarily assess the three assumptions of MR for each MR study. Data were extracted on study characteristics, exposure and outcome, effect estimates per unit increase, and measures of variation. Effect estimates were pooled to generate an overall estimate, I2 and Cochrane Q values using fixed-effect model.

Results: We screened 5211 studies and included 12 primary MR studies after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Higher genetically predicted body mass index was associated with a higher odds of dementia (OR 1.03 [1.01, 1.05] per 5 kg/m2 increase, one study, p=0.00285). Fewer hypothesized vascular risk factors were supported by estimates from MR studies than estimates from meta-analyses of observational studies.  

Conclusion: Genetically predicted body mass index was associated with an increase in risk of dementia.
TeenCovidLife: a resource to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents in Scotland
Authors: Huggins Charlotte F , Fawns-Ritchie Chloe , Altschul Drew M , Campbell Archie , Nangle Clifford , Dawson Rebecca , Edwards Rachel , Flaig Robin , Hartley Louise , Levein Christie , McCartney Daniel L , Sinclair Stephanie L , Dolan Clare , Haughton Dawn , Mabelis Judith , Brown Judith , Inchley Jo , Smith Daniel J , Deary Ian J , Hayward Caroline , Marioni Riccardo E , McIntosh Andrew M , Sudlow Cathie , Porteous David J
Published: May 2022

TeenCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland’s CovidLife projects, a set of longitudinal observational studies designed to assess the psychosocial and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. TeenCovidLife focused on how adolescents in Scotland were coping during the pandemic. As of September 2021, Generation Scotland had conducted three TeenCovidLife surveys. Participants from previous surveys were invited to participate in the next, meaning the age ranges shifted over time.

TeenCovidLife Survey 1 consists of data from 5,543 young people age 12 to 17, collected from 22 May to 5 July 2020, during the first school closures period in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 2 consists of data from 2,245 young people aged 12 to 18, collected from 18 August to 14 October 2020, when the initial lockdown measures were beginning to ease, and schools reopened in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 3 consists of data from 597 young people age 12 to 19, collected from 12 May to 27 June 2021, a year after the first survey, after the schools returned following the second lockdown in 2021. A total of 316 participants took part in all three surveys.

TeenCovidLife collected data on general health and well-being, as well as topics specific to COVID-19, such as adherence to COVID-19 health guidance, feelings about school closures, and the impact of exam cancellations.

Limited work has examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people. TeenCovidLife provides relevant and timely data to assess the impact of the pandemic on young people in Scotland. The dataset is available under authorised access from Generation Scotland; see the Generation Scotland website for more information.
Satisfaction of industrial health care managers regarding the work of industrial hygiene engineers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Choi Byung Sik , Kim Min Keun , Sakong Joon
Published: May 2022

Background: A group health service is a system that delegates workplace health management to an entrusted institution. There have been various studies on group health services to date, but recent changes, such as an increase in foreign workers, are rapidly changing industry characteristics. Methods: Satisfaction was assessed using a 27-question survey distributed among 203 workplaces employing health professionals. The survey items consisted of general characteristics, comprehensive satisfaction, requirements for health professionals’ work, and satisfaction with work environment management, ergonomic management, and healthcare management. Multiple regression and frequency analyses were performed. Results: The comprehensive satisfaction was 4.08 points on average, out of 5. The comprehensive satisfaction of health professionals in the industry was positively correlated with each factor. Hazardous materials and chemical management (material safety data sheets, MSDSs) were the most common requirements.Conclusion: A low level of satisfaction with work environment management indicates high demand for healthcare management. The working environment should be improved by identifying characteristics of the workplace, examining harmful substances, inspecting equipment, and enhancing worker methods. The shorter the work experience of health professionals, the more dependent they are on group health services. The variables affecting comprehensive satisfaction were the period of work, healthcare management satisfaction, and work environment management satisfaction. Most of the requirements of health professionals in the workplace were practical improvement case presentations, MSDSs, and legal document management.
Information content development (by industry)
Authors: Shitov Viktor
Published: May 2022

The textbook describes methods of working with documentation, stages of development of technical specifications, annotation design, development of information content, development and layout of texts using specialized packages, standard presentation preparation packages, basic tools for working with raster and vector graphics, technologies for extracting information from text documents and databases, and much more.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students of secondary vocational education institutions. It can be used when mastering the professional module "Administration of information resources" in the discipline "Development of information content (by industry)" for the specialty "Information systems and programming" when mastering the qualification "Information Resources Specialist".
Competition of jurisdictions of international judicial bodies in the consideration of international maritime disputes
Authors: Orlova Ekaterina
Published: May 2022

The monograph is devoted to the study of issues related to the resolution of international maritime disputes arising during the development of the World Ocean. The Russian Federation is the largest maritime power, therefore, the study of international maritime disputes considered by international judicial bodies (ICOs) is of great importance not only in theory, but also in practice. The practice of resolving international maritime disputes up to and including 2020 is analyzed. A theoretical model of competition of jurisdictions has been developed, and ways to overcome and mitigate the negative consequences (conflicts) of competition of MSO jurisdictions have been proposed.
It is of interest to practicing lawyers, international lawyers, teachers of international and European law, teachers of maritime law, graduate students, undergraduates, law students.
Fundamentals of technological design in mechanical engineering
Authors: Shrubchenko Ivan , Duyun Tat'yana , Hurtasenko Andrey , Voronkova Marina , Murygina Lyudmila
Published: May 2022

The textbook provides the main stages, sequence and general methodology for designing technological processes for machining parts and assembling products in mechanical engineering. In the main sections, after the presentation of the elements of the theory, examples of their specific implementation are given.
For undergraduate students studying in the areas of training 15.03.01 "Mechanical Engineering", 15.03.05 "Design and technological support of machine-building industries", as well as specialists studying in the specialty 15.05.01 "Design of technological machines and complexes", full-time and correspondence forms of study, mastering the methodology of technological design and performing course and diploma projects and works.
El Aprendizaje-servicio y educación inclusiva en la formación de maestros/as. Evaluando la satisfacción del alumnado.
Authors: Fiuza-Asorey María , Sotelino-Losada Alexandre , Mella-Núñez Igor , Lorenzo-Moledo Mar
Published: May 2022

El aprendizaje-servicio (ApS) forma, junto con la investigación-acción, un tándem que se está fortaleciendo en las universidades para incentivar la calidad de la enseñanza a través de la participación y la reflexión social. El presente trabajo narra el proceso seguido en la Facultad de Formación del Profesorado de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela para convertir una experiencia de aula en un proyecto de ApS consolidado, en colaboración con la Organización Nacional de Ciegos Españoles. A partir de ello, se ha planteado una investigación, que se encuadra dentro de un proyecto de I+D+i, y que tiene como objetivo evaluar la satisfacción del alumnado participante en el proyecto de aprendizaje-servicio, y a su vez conocer las competencias adquiridas en este proceso. Se ha seguido una metodología mixta (cuantitativa-cualitativa) expostfacto. Para ello, hemos empleado dos instrumentos validados: un diferencial semántico (escala oswood) y entrevistas grupales semiestructuradas a los estudiantes implicados. Los resultados indican un alto grado de satisfacción con el proyecto, al potenciar el aprendizaje y el futuro ejercicio profesional, así como con el servicio prestado a la comunidad. Como aspecto mejorable, el alumnado destaca el escaso tiempo dedicado a la planificación, organización y ejecución del servicio, dado el carácter cuatrimestral de la asignatura.
Hate speech: a systematic review of scientific production and educational considerations.
Authors: Izquierdo Montero Alberto , Laforgue-Bullido Noemi , Abril-Hervás David
Published: May 2022

Hate speech is a specific form of expression targeting certain vulnerable or minority groups. It is a social phenomenon which has gained strength in recent years due to its normalisation from the public sphere and escalation on social media, particularly i n contexts of crisis such as the circumstances that have arisen around COVID systematic review19. This paper presents a of the scientific literature produced over the past two decades in English, Portuguese and Spanish as a tool to examine, from social sc ience, the landscape of studies around one of the main threats democratic societies face today. In addition to an evidencebased idea of the state of the art, the results show a substantial increase of research into hate speech over the past five years and how focal points and disciplines have evolved from those approaches and are gaining in importance, along with the analysis of regulations and laws, computational linguistics and discourse analysis. Furthermore, the dearth of research from the field of com munication and education is confirmed, which would allow us to examine not only its management and analyse its impact, but rather its understanding from critical pedagogical perspectives committed to the deepening and extension of democracy
Subset Selection with Shrinkage: Sparse Linear Modeling When the SNR Is Low
Authors: Mazumder Rahul , Radchenko Peter , Dedieu Antoine
Published: May 2022

Learning Compact High-Dimensional Models in Noisy Environments

Building compact, interpretable statistical models where the output depends upon a small number of input features is a well-known problem in modern analytics applications. A fundamental tool used in this context is the prominent best subset selection (BSS) procedure, which seeks to obtain the best linear fit to data subject to a constraint on the number of nonzero features. Whereas the BSS procedure works exceptionally well in some regimes, it performs pretty poorly in out-of-sample predictive performance when the underlying data are noisy, which is quite common in practice. In this paper, we explore this relatively less-understood overfitting behavior of BSS in low-signal noisy environments and propose alternatives that appear to mitigate such shortcomings. We study the theoretical statistical properties of our proposed regularized BSS procedure and show promising computational results on various data sets, using tools from integer programming and first-order methods.
Programmable bandstop filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Lu Minran , Xiao Lihua , Xiao Binggang , Yu Jiabin
Published: May 2022

Spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) have been developed rapidly because of the advantages of strong field constraints, low inter-channel cross talk, and low loss. However, the functions of plasmonic devices made of traditional passive SSPPs are completely fixed and cannot reach reconfigurable capability once the devices are fabricated. For the current development status, it is an urgent issue to design a reconfigurable device to control SPP waves dynamically in real time. This paper proposes a dynamic reconfigurable bandstop filter by using the concept of programmable SSPPs. The filter has a significant regulation function in the wideband range from 4 GHz to 22 GHz. The center frequency, number, and bandwidth of the stop band can be reconstructed in real time by programming the bias voltage, and the transmission coefficient (

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) has good transmission performance of more than

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3

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. The results show that the experimental processing test is close to the theoretical simulation results, which proves the feasibility of the designed device. The study extends the functional principles of information science and digital logic to the application of physical devices.
Reconstructed quality improvement with a stochastic gradient descent optimization algorithm for a spherical hologram
Authors: Pan Yu , Wang Jun , Wu Yang , Peng Haohang , Yang Huan , Chen Chun
Published: May 2022

The spherical holography is a promising technology to realize a true three-dimensional (3D) display. Compared to plane holography and cylindrical holography, it has an unlimited field of view, which can be observed from all perspectives. However, so far, the reconstructed images from computer-generated spherical holograms (CGSHs) are not of high quality, especially phase-only holograms, which will seriously affect its application. In this paper, an optimization algorithm for a CGSH based on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is proposed to improve the quality of the reconstructed image. First, a new, to the best of our knowledge, diffraction model used in the process of optimization is proposed by considering the obliquity factor and occlusion culling. Based on our proposed diffraction model, the optimization process includes diffracting the initial random phase to another sphere, calculating the loss between the reconstructed image and the original image, and optimizing the initial phase through the SGD optimization algorithm. Both the correctness of the proposed diffraction model and the effectiveness of the SGD optimization for spherical holograms are verified well by numerical simulations. Through SGD, a high-quality reconstructed image can be achieved, which is 18 dB higher in the PSNR than that of spherical self-diffraction iteration. Meaningfully, our method has broad application prospects in 3D and omnidirectional displays. The SGD optimization algorithm is brought into the CGSH, and remarkable results have been achieved.
Optical diffraction tomography of 3D microstructures using a low coherence source
Authors: Bianchi S. , Brasili F. , Saglimbeni F. , Cortese B. , Di Leonardo R.
Published: May 2022

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is a label-free technique for three dimensional imaging of micron-sized objects. Coherence and limited sampling of 3D Fourier space are often responsible for the appearance of artifacts. Here we present an ODT microscope that uses low temporal coherence light and spatial light modulators to retrieve reliable 3D maps of the refractive index. A common-path interferometer, based on a spatial light modulator, measures the complex fields transmitted by a sample. Measured fields, acquired while scanning the illumination direction using a digital micro-mirror device, are fed into a Rytov reconstruction algorithm to obtain refractive index maps whose accuracy is directly evaluated on microfabricated 3D test objects. Even for challenging shapes such as pyramids, bridges, and dumbbells, we obtain volumetric reconstructions that compare very well with electron microscopy images.
Quantum Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the fingerprint region
Authors: Mukai Yu , Okamoto Ryo , Takeuchi Shigeki
Published: May 2022

Infrared quantum absorption spectroscopy is one of the quantum sensing techniques, by which the infrared optical properties of a sample can be estimated through visible or near infrared photon detection without need for infrared optical source or detector, which has been an obstacle for higher sensitivity and spectrometer miniaturization. However, experimental demonstrations have been limited to wavelengths shorter than 5 µm or in the terahertz region, and have not been realized in the so-called fingerprint region of 1500–500 cm−1 (6.6 to 20 µm), which is commonly used to identify chemical compounds or molecules. Here we report the experimental demonstration of quantum Fourier-transform infrared (QFTIR) spectroscopy in the fingerprint region, by which both absorption and phase spectra (complex spectra) can be obtained from Fourier transformed quantum interferograms obtained with a single pixel visible-light detector. As demonstrations, we obtained the transmittance spectrum of a silicon wafer at around 10 µm (1000 cm−1) and complex transmittance spectrum of a synthetic fluoropolymer sheet, polytetrafluoroethylene, in the wavelength range of 8 to 10.5 µm (1250 to 950 cm−1), where absorption due to stretching modes of C-F bonds is clearly observed. These results open the way for new forms of spectroscopic devices based on quantum technologies.
Robust topological one-way edge states in radius-fluctuated photonic Chern topological insulators
Authors: Chen Jianfeng , Qin Qiumeng , Peng Chaoqun , Li Zhi-Yuan
Published: May 2022

Recent developments in topological photonics have shown that the introduction of disorders can yield the innovative and striking transport phenomena. Here, we theoretically investigate topological one-way edge states in radius-fluctuated photonic Chern topological insulators (PCTIs), which are composed of two-dimensional gyromagnetic photonic crystals with cylinder site fixed but with cylinder radius fluctuated. We use a fluctuation index to characterize the degree of radius fluctuation, employ two empirical parameters to inspect the evolution of topological one-way edge states, and verify the stability of topological one-way edge states by calculating massive samples with various random numbers. We find that as the radius-fluctuation strength increases, there arises a competition between topological one-way edge state, Anderson localization state and trivial bulk state. We reveal that the Anderson localization state appears far more easily in the radius-fluctuation PCTI with even a weak strength compared with the position-perturbed PCTI with a strong randomness. We also demonstrate that the topological one-way edge states are protected against a strong fluctuation much larger than the fabrication errors in practical experiments. Our results show that the PCTIs consisting of gyromagnetic photonic crystals have a high-tolerance for the material and sample fabrication errors, and this would provide a deeper understanding of fundamental topology physics.
Full-space omnidirectional cloak by subwavelength metal channels filled with homogeneous dielectrics
Authors: Wang Bo , Sun Fei , Chen Hanchuan , Liu Yichao , Liu Yuan , Liu Xin
Published: May 2022

Cloaks can greatly reduce the scattering cross-section of hidden objects through various mechanisms, thereby making them invisible to outside observers. Among them, the full-space omnidirectional cloak based on transformation optic with full parameters are difficult to realize without metamaterials and often needs to be simplified before realization, while most cloaks with simplified parameters have limited working direction and cannot achieve omnidirectional cloaking effect. In this study, a full-space omnidirectional cloak is designed based on transformation optics and optic-null medium, which only needed natural materials without metamaterials. The designed omnidirectional cloak is realized by subwavelength metal channels filled with isotropic dielectrics whose refractive indices range from 1 to 2, which is homogeneous in each channel. The numerical simulation results verify good scattering suppression effect of the designed cloak for various detecting waves.