bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams designed with hybrid bars
Authors: Pranav M. , Hemalatha K. , Vardhani P.S.R.P.S.S.S. , Nadh Vandanapu Swamy
Published: June 2023

Reinforced steel bars, commonly used in concrete construction, are prone to corrosion due to their insufficient corrosion resistance, which ultimately leads to reduced durability and long-term performance. Moisture interaction is the leading cause of corrosion, which results in rust, cracks, and spalling, leading to durability and long-term performance issues. To address this problem, FRP bars are now being introduced to the market, which offer numerous benefits over steel bars, such as strong corrosion resistance, higher tensile strength, and reduced weight, leading to lower shipping and labor costs. Concrete gains mechanical stability, stiffness, durability when polypropylene fibres are used, improving the material's effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to examine the flexural behavior, load-deflection characteristics, and ductility of hybrid reinforced concrete beams. that use both GFRP bars and steel bars, as well as compare them with reinforced concrete beams that use only GFRP bars or steel bars with and without using polypropylene fibres as a supplement. In order to enhance the beams flexural strength as well as ductility, it has been identified that 0.25% of their volume should be made up of polypropylene fibres. After the experimental investigation is finished, analytical studies using ANSYS simulation will be carried out to determine the load-deflection behaviours.
Effect of particle size of colloidal nano-silica on the properties of the SCM based concrete
Authors: Kumar Kakara S.J. , Rao M.V. Seshagiri , Reddy V. Srinivasa , Shrihari S. , Hugar Prashant
Published: June 2023

In the current study, effect of particle size of colloidal nano-silica on the properties of the SCM based concrete is studied. The nano-silica particle sizes adopted for the study are 30nm, 60nm and 90 nm. The M20 grade concrete system is made up of cement (C), fly ash (FA), micro-silica (mS) and nano-silica (nS). Compressive strength test at 60 days and pore structure analysis are carried out for C-FA-mS-nS system. The hydration of Portland cement is significantly influenced by the colloidal nanosilica (CNS) particle size. High doses of nS content boost the pozzolanic reaction and the creation of CSH and CASH gels, but they also have a negative impact on the strength development of the material by increasing microcracking due to the self-desiccation effect. The addition of nanosilica to concrete can significantly enhance its qualities after hardening because it ensures the pozzolanic reaction, the seeding effect, which both increase the degree of hydration, and the filling effect, which can fill the internal porosity defects. The cement-mS system's impermeability was greatly improved by the nS because it improved the microstructure, increased the complexity of the pore structure, and refined the pore structure.
Landslide modelling and susceptibility assessment by soil moisture sensors at Katteri watershed in Southern India
Authors: Swaminathen A.N. , Ramanjaneyalu Batchu , Dhanasekar K. , S S. Robert Ravi , C Vivek Kumar
Published: June 2023

The goal of this investigation is to identify how disastrous occurrences affect the soil in watersheds. As a result, the focus of this investigation is the Katteri watershed in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu's Ootacamund region. The process was examined in the field and the lab using GIS advances and remote sensing. The momentum analysis was started in the Katteri watershed by creating several thematic guides using enrolment maps made with GIS technology that was appropriate for the request. Since most large-scale experiments could not have been conducted in the field, landslide movement at various slopes and precipitation levels was investigated using a lab model of a landslide zone. According to the investigation, more steep inclines with deeper soil are more likely to experience landslides, and precipitation is the primary trigger for these events. The model successfully implemented the use of Soil Moisture Sensors (SMS) as a landslide alarm structure. Avalanche or Landslide Alarm Mechanism may therefore be a useful technique for handling disastrous circumstances.
The effect of elevated temperature on self-compacting concrete: Physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Madhavi Challa , Reddy V. Srinivasa , Rao M.V. Seshagiri , Shrihari S. , Kadhim Sokaina Issa , Sharma Sonal
Published: June 2023

Concrete’s thermal properties are more complex than for most materials because not only is the concrete a composite material whose constituents have different properties, but its properties also depend on moisture and porosity. Exposure of concrete to elevated temperature affects its mechanical and physical properties. In the current study, M40 and M80 grades of plain self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes are developed using Nan Su mix design principles to investigate the effect of elevated temperatures on 1) weight and compressive strength 2) compressive strength of SCC when tested cool and hot 3) effect of 2, 4 and 6 hrs. exposure duration of elevated temperatures on compressive strength 4) modulus of elasticity 5) size of testing specimen and 5) effect of thermal cycles on SCC mixes. Results derived the following conclusions 1) the M80 specimens lose more strength than M40 SCC specimens when subjected to elevated temperatures ;2) specimens heated and then permitted to cool before testing lose more strength than those tested while hot; 3) the longer the duration of heating before testing, the larger the loss in strength; 4) The decrease in modulus of elasticity caused by elevated-temperature exposure is more pronounced than the decrease in compressive strength. 5) Small test specimens generally incur greater strength losses than larger ones and 6) Specimens subjected to several cycles of heating and cooling lose more strength than those not subjected to thermal cycling.
Performance of hybrid glass/steel fibre self-compacting concrete beams under static flexural loading
Authors: Reddy V. Srinivasa , Santhosh G. , Neeraj M. Sai , Goud E. Manish , Rajashekar C. , Kadhim Sokaina Issa , Dhyani Saurabh
Published: June 2023

In this paper, it is proposed to study the static flexural performance of hybrid (glass and steel) fiber reinforced M30 grade self-compacting concrete (SCC) beams made with glass fiber reinforcement polymer (GFRP) re-bars. Nan Su mix design approach is adopted to develop the M30 grade plain SCC (PSCC) mixes. Glass fibre SCC (GFRSCC), steel fibre SCC (GFRSCC) and hybrid fibre SCC (HFRSCC) mixes are prepared using the optimum dosages of glass (0.05%) and steel fibres (1%) by volume fraction. HFRSCC reinforced beams of size 1200 *200*150 mm will be casted with steel and GFRB rebars and tested to study the flexural properties such as ultimate flexural strength, load at first crack, deflection at the center, crack width and crack patterns. For the above fibred beams, load-deflection relations will be established. The HFRSCC beam made with GFRP rebars have the load carrying capacity 37.03% more than HFRSCC beam made with steel rebars. The deflection for the HFRSCC beam made with GFRP rebars is 61.52% more than beam made with steel rebar HFRSCC beam made with GFRP rebars increases the load at first crack, ultimate flexural strength, and deflection at the centre at failure and the crack width for same HFRSCC beam made with steel rebars
Resource Allocation, Scheduling and Planning of a Multi Storeyed Residential Building
Authors: Harshavardhan Thota , Reddy V. Srinivasa , Vardhani P.S.R.P.S.S.S. , Shrihari S , Alawadi Ahmed Hussien Raide , Sharma Sameer Dev
Published: June 2023

For the purpose of minimising and managing project delays, effective planning and scheduling are essential elements of construction projects. Globalisation has led to an increase in the scale and complexity of construction projects. With the help of project management software, the quantity of paperwork and time required for such initiatives can be reduced. A warning system must be accessible throughout the project to alert the organisation to potential achievements and failures. Today's market offers a variety of computer software applications for project management, including MSP, Primavera P6, and others. Primavera has made it simple to assess the real progress of a construction project to the expected pace of the task. The project management tool Primavera P6 gathers, documents, monitors, regulates, and publishes data on project performance. Planning, allocating, and scheduling resources for a G+4 residential development are all part of this project. This study highlights the value of scheduling and interferes with the software by working on a construction project for a commercial building. This paper effectively demonstrates all the crucial steps, such as generating an EPS, developing a WBS, connecting tasks in accordance with their dependency and resource availability, and determining the Critical Path.
Die Betreuung transgeschlechtlicher Personen am Universitätsklinikum Leipzig und die Rolle Lykke Aresins zwischen 1960 und 2000
Authors: Baumann Franz
Published: June 2023

Einleitung In Hinblick auf den Umgang mit transgeschlechtlichen Personen in der DDR verzeichnet die derzeitige Forschung Leerstellen. Über die Lebensumstände dieser Menschen lassen sich bis auf wenige Einzelschicksale kaum Aussagen treffen. Bisherige Arbeiten beschränken sich auf den Großraum Berlin, doch auch in Leipzig kann in Bezug auf Transgeschlechtlichkeit eine organisierte medizinische Betreuung nachgewiesen werden.

Forschungsziele Im Folgenden ist aufzuzeigen, wie sich das Universitätsklinikum Leipzig als DDR-Behandlungszentrum für Transgeschlechtlichkeit etablierte und welche Bedeutung der Sexualwissenschaftlerin Lykke Aresin in diesem Kontext zukommt.

Methoden Unter Berücksichtigung des derzeitigen Forschungsstandes wird die Entwicklung der medizinischen und juristischen Grundpositionen zum Thema Transgeschlechtlichkeit in der DDR dargelegt und mithilfe einer Falldarstellung ein Geschlechtswechsel verdeutlicht. Mittels Analyse verschiedener zeitgenössischer Publikationen kann die Entwicklung von Leipzig als spezialisiertes Behandlungszentrum nachgewiesen werden.

Ergebnisse Bis Mitte der 1970er-Jahre waren Geschlechtsangleichungen in der DDR juristisch nicht geregelt. Folglich mussten transgeschlechtliche Menschen enorme administrative Hürden überwinden, um Geschlechtswechsel zu erreichen. Lykke Aresin setzte sich in ihrer Beratungsstelle in Leipzig bereits in den 1960er-Jahren mit dem Thema Transgeschlechtlichkeit auseinander. Sie legte Grundlagen dafür, dass sich in Leipzig ein spezielles Netzwerk etablieren konnte, das bis Anfang der 1990er-Jahre Geschlechtsangleichungen begleitete.

Schlussfolgerung Am Universitätsklinikum Leipzig bestand ein sensibilisiertes und hochspezialisiertes Team, das sich der Behandlung von transgeschlechtlichen Menschen annahm und als multiprofessionelles Zentrum genitalangleichende Operationen anbot. Geschlechtsangleichungen wurden in der DDR somit auch außerhalb der Berliner Charité organisiert. Hinweise, dass eine solche Zentrenbildung seitens des DDR-Staates angeregt wurde, lassen sich nicht eruieren. Somit ist davon auszugehen, dass medizinische Expert*innengruppen Handlungsspielräume außerhalb der staatlichen Einflusssphäre nutzten und die Betreuung von transgeschlechtlichen Personen ermöglichten.
Quantifying uncertainty in PLS-SEM-based mediation analyses
Authors: Sarstedt Marko , Moisescu Ovidiu-Ioan
Published: June 2023

To identify potential mediating effects, researchers applying partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) typically contrast specific indirect and direct effects in a sequence of steps. Extending this standard procedure, we conceive mediation analysis as a type of model comparison, which facilitates quantifying the degree of the model effects’ uncertainty induced by the introduction of the mediator. By introducing a new dimension of quality assessment, the procedure offers a new means for deciding whether or not to introduce a mediator in a PLS path model, and improves the replicability of research results.
‘The Wind of Change’: a rhetorical political analysis of Harold Macmillan’s 1960 ‘decolonization’ speech
Authors: Roe-Crines Andrew S.
Published: June 2023

This article contributes to the literature on Conservative Party politics through an exploration of the political rhetoric of former Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader, Harold Macmillan in relation to decolonization and the end of empire. Macmillan’s Wind of Change speech has been analysed in the existing literature as purely a historical moment in relation to imperial decline. This article contends that Macmillan’s arguments for and defence of decolonisation in fact remain relevant for modern understandings of contemporary Conservative Party politics because residual affections for imperialism remain within some conservative audiences, as well as the ongoing processes of decolonisation. He sought to address such sentiments at the time of delivery, yet they remain today amongst similar audiences who remain committed to imperial notions. As such, simply considering the speech as a historic moment is inadequate given its value as an enduring argument relevant to contemporary conservative debates. Because of the language and justification used, I re-evaluate the speech through the process of ‘Rhetorical Political Analysis’ (ethos, pathos, logos). By doing so, I will demonstrate how Macmillan’s historical speech remains relevant as a living argument for scholars and practitioners of Conservative Party politics, which is a perspective presently absent in the scholarship. This methodological approach is also augmented by an analysis of archival materials helping to shed light on the embeddedness of the speech within the broader context of the tumultuous South African politics of the time, and by doing so show why a speech delivered in the 1960s remains relevant to UK domestic policy, foreign policy, and conservative studies in the 2020s.
A quantum computing implementation of nuclearelectronic orbital (NEO) theory: Toward an exact pre-Born–Oppenheimer formulation of molecular quantum systems
Authors: Kovyrshin Arseny , Skogh Mårten , Broo Anders , Mensa Stefano , Sahin Emre , Crain Jason , Tavernelli Ivano
Published: June 2023

Nuclear quantum phenomena beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation are known to play an important role in a growing number of chemical and biological processes. While there exists no unique consensus on a rigorous and efficient implementation of coupled electron–nuclear quantum dynamics, it is recognized that these problems scale exponentially with system size on classical processors and, therefore, may benefit from quantum computing implementations. Here, we introduce a methodology for the efficient quantum treatment of the electron–nuclear problem on near-term quantum computers, based upon the Nuclear–Electronic Orbital (NEO) approach. We generalize the electronic two-qubit tapering scheme to include nuclei by exploiting symmetries inherent in the NEO framework, thereby reducing the Hamiltonian dimension, number of qubits, gates, and measurements needed for calculations. We also develop parameter transfer and initialization techniques, which improve convergence behavior relative to conventional initialization. These techniques are applied to H2 and malonaldehyde for which results agree with NEO full configuration interaction and NEO complete active space configuration interaction benchmarks for ground state energy to within 10−6 hartree and entanglement entropy to within 10−4. These implementations therefore significantly reduce resource requirements for full quantum simulations of molecules on near-term quantum devices while maintaining high accuracy.
A reference-free dual-comb spectroscopy calibrated by passive devices
Authors: Liu Chen , Xu Liang , Zhang Lei , Wang Danlu , Cao Ziyu , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Chi , Zhang Xinliang
Published: June 2023

Dual-comb spectroscopy has enabled new approaches for optical precision measurements. Although Doppler-limited resolution can be achieved over long-time scales across a large bandwidth, the development of dual-comb spectroscopy is hindered by strict demands for light source stability. Typically, expensive and complex self-reference systems are required to lock the carrier-envelope offset frequency (fceo) of the laser. Additionally, simply locking the repetition frequency (frep) to a radio frequency reference source still results in residual relative timing jitter between light sources. Here we extracted the relative fceo fluctuation between the frep-locked lasers from the high-precision passive notch filtering characteristics of the phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating and then eliminated it through online phase calibration. By introducing a passive broadband Fabry–Perot cavity with excellent thermal wavelength stability, we subsequently corrected residual relative timing jitter with online wavelength calibration, and the standard deviation of the relative wavelength drift was reduced to less than 0.4 pm within the full operating range. The spectral profile can also be extracted and removed by the Fabry–Perot cavity through intensity calibration. By calibrating these three dimensions, we built a reference-free post-calibration dual-comb spectroscopy and used this powerful tool to measure the Fabry–Perot cavity resonance peaks, the notch filtering narrow band of phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings, and the absorption characteristics of hydrogen cyanide gas. The system achieves a spectral resolution of 0.8 pm over a bandwidth of more than 100 nm. This low-cost and convenient scheme provides new ideas for the application of dual-comb spectroscopy systems.
General practitioners’ perceptions of the provision of direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C within Australian private general practice: an exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Scarborough Jane , Aylward Paul , Miller Emma Ruth
Published: June 2023

Background There is a need to increase the involvement of Australian general practitioners (GPs) working in private practice to realise the potential of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments for people with the hepatitis C virus. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2018 with seven GPs and two practice nurses working in private general practice to elicit the experiences and perceptions of their involvement in providing care for patients with hepatitis C virus in this setting. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed to inform interventions to maximise the provision of DAA in private general practice. Results Participants described individual GPs purposely limiting their scope of clinical practice (SOCP) and expressed an expectation that DAA provision would not be included in all GP’s SOCP. When GPs delineate their SOCP, their confidence to competently provide quality health care to their patients and GPs’ professional special interests are important considerations. Conclusion Providing DAA training, skill development, support and resources to GPs is necessary, but may not ensure that individual private GPs will provide this care. Where GPs do not include DAA in their SOCP, care pathways need to be developed for patients who will benefit from DAA, including GP-to-GP referral. These findings may be applicable to other areas of unmet need that rely on GPs including provision of care in their SOCP.
Polyvalent immunization elicits a synergistic broadly neutralizing immune response to hypervariable region 1 variants of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Mosa Alexander I. , Campo David S. , Khudyakov Yury , AbouHaidar Mounir G. , Gehring Adam J. , Zahoor Atif , Ball Jonathan K. , Urbanowicz Richard A. , Feld Jordan J.
Published: June 2023

A hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine is urgently needed. Vaccine development has been hindered by HCV’s genetic diversity, particularly within the immunodominant hypervariable region 1 (HVR1). Here, we developed a strategy to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies to HVR1, which had previously been considered infeasible. We first applied a unique information theory–based measure of genetic distance to evaluate phenotypic relatedness between HVR1 variants. These distances were used to model the structure of HVR1’s sequence space, which was found to have five major clusters. Variants from each cluster were used to immunize mice individually, and as a pentavalent mixture. Sera obtained following immunization neutralized every variant in a diverse HCVpp panel (n = 10), including those resistant to monovalent immunization, and at higher mean titers (1/ID
50
= 435) than a glycoprotein E2 (1/ID
50
= 205) vaccine. This synergistic immune response offers a unique approach to overcoming antigenic variability and may be applicable to other highly mutable viruses.
Beyond Intuition
Authors: Li Dian , Westland Stephen
Published: June 2023

There are situations where designs involve bilingual content. In such cases, to convey clear and consistent messages, we need to select typefaces in two languages. Traditionally, designers relied on their intuition and experience when selecting typefaces. This study, however, uses analytical research to explore the possibility of using data to inform designs and to make appropriate typeface selections in bilingual contexts. It collects and analyses participants’ responses toward sample typefaces and uses them to choose typefaces in two languages simultaneously, English and Chinese. This method is shown to be effective; it breaks language barriers and explores an original and efficient approach to typeface selection.
Defect engineering the electronic and optoelectronic properties of heterostructure of MoSSe/PbS (111)
Authors: Zhang Shenrui , Huang Zongyu , Liu Huating , Zhong Jianxin , Qi Xiang
Published: June 2023

The structural, electronic and optical properties of MoSSe, PbS (111) and MoSSe/PbS (111) have been studied by the first-principles calculations, and the effect of VS on electronic and optical properties of MoSSe/PbS (111). When PbS (111) is stacked on MoSSe, an internal electric field and ohmic contact are formed at interlayer, and exhibited metal property. Compared with MoSSe and PbS (111) monolayer, MoSSe/PbS (111) heterostructure has higher absorption coefficients. Further analysis shows that this can be attributed to the orbital hybridization between the heterostructure layers. When VS is introduced, spin splitting occurs, making the spin-down channel below the Fermi level and inducing half-metallicity. What’s more, Vs MoSSe/PbS (111) still performances better optical absorption coefficient. Based on these findings, the heterogeneous structures and defects not only affect the electronic properties, but also can be used as an effective method to regulate the electrical and optical properties, providing useful theoretical guidance for further experimental studies.
A cGAN-based tumor segmentation method for breast ultrasound images
Authors: You Guizeng , Qin Yuanyuan , Zhao Congrui , Zhao Yufei , Zhu Kongqiang , Yang Xinwu , Li Yan lin
Published: June 2023

Objective. This paper proposes a conditional GAN (cGAN)-based method to perform data enhancement of ultrasound images and segmentation of tumors in breast ultrasound images, which improves the reality of the enhenced breast ultrasound image and obtains a more accurate segmentation result. Approach. We use the idea of generative adversarial training to accomplish the following two tasks: (1) in this paper, we use generative adversarial networks to generate a batch of samples with labels from the perspective of label-generated images to expand the dataset from a data enhancement perspective. (2) In this paper, we use adversarial training instead of postprocessing steps such as conditional random fields to enhance higher-level spatial consistency. In addition, this work proposes a new network, EfficientUNet, based on U-Net, which combines ResNet18, an attention mechanism and a deep supervision technique. This segmentation model uses the residual network as an encoder to retain the lost information in the original encoder and can avoid the gradient disappearance problem to improve the feature extraction ability of the model, and it also uses deep supervision techniques to speed up the convergence of the model. The channel-by-channel weighting module of SENet is then used to enable the model to capture the tumor boundary more accurately. Main results. The paper concludes with experiments to verify the validity of these efforts by comparing them with mainstream methods on Dataset B. The Dice score and IoU score reaches 0.8856 and 0.8111, respectively. Significance. This study successfully combines cGAN and optimized EfficientUNet for the segmentation of breast tumor ultrasound images. The conditional generative adversarial network has a good performance in data enhancement, and the optimized EfficientUNet makes the segmentation more accurate.
Incremental proportion integration differentiation control of all-terrain vehicle magnetorheological suspension system under low-frequency disturbances
Authors: Xia Dongbin , Fu Jie , Li Wei , Han Gaowei , Du Xiumei , Luo Lei , Yu Miao
Published: June 2023

In intelligent control systems of magnetorheological (MR) suspension of all-terrain vehicle (ATV), low-frequency disturbance (LFD) in the measured feedback signal (acceleration) makes the controller unable to calculate the theoretical control force accurately. In particular, when the frequency of the LFD signal is close to that of the actual acceleration signal, the LFD cannot be filtered by designing a traditional filter. Based on the above questions, this paper proposes an incremental proportion integration differentiation (IPID) strategy to address the issue of LFD in the measured feedback acceleration signal of the MR suspension system of ATV. First of all, the model of 1/4 vehicle suspension in consideration of LFD is established, the source of LFD is analyzed which is due to the transformation of Coriolis acceleration under the condition of vehicle body pitch and roll. Next, a semi-active IPID controller is designed by utilizing differential derivation of discrete PID and semi-active principle to eliminate the LFD component mixed in the acceleration signal by making a difference. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is utilized to optimize the parameters of the controller, which is then verified through numerical simulation. Subsequently, a real vehicle control experiment is carried out based on a 4 × 4 ATV equipped with the MR suspension system and implemented by DSP controller with the designed IPID algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated under the speed 10 km h−1 and E road, and the designed method is compared with the traditional proportion integration differentiation (PID) control algorithm through simulation and experimentation to demonstrate the superiority and rationality of ‘filtering out’ LFD signal and improving control effectiveness.
Polarized gravitational waves in the parity violating scalar-nonmetricity theory
Authors: Chen Zheng , Yu Yang , Gao Xian
Published: June 2023

There has been increasing interest in investigating the possible parity violating features in the gravity theory and on the cosmological scales. In this work, we consider a class of scalar-nonmetricity theory, of which the Lagrangian is polynomial built of the nonmetricity tensor and a scalar field. The nonmetricity tensor is coupled with the scalar field through its first order derivative. Besides the monomials that are quadratic order in the nonmetricity tensor, we also construct monomials that are cubic order in the nonmetricity tensor in both the parity preserving and violating cases. These monomials act as the non-canonical (i.e., non-quadratic) kinetic terms for the spacetime metric, and will change the behavior in the propagation of the gravitational waves. We find that the gravitational waves are generally polarized, which present both the amplitude and velocity birefringence features due to the parity violation of the theory. Due to the term proportional to 1/k in the phase velocities, one of the two polarization modes suffers from the gradient instability on large scales.
An update on adiabatic modes in cosmology and δN formalism
Authors: Cruces Diego , Germani Cristiano , Palomares Adrian
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we generalize the Weinberg's procedure to determine the comoving curvature
perturbation ℛ to non-attractor inflationary regimes. We show that both modes of ℛ 
are related to a symmetry of the perturbative equations in the Newtonian gauge. As a byproduct,
we clarify that adiabaticity does not generally imply constancy of ℛ, not even in the
 k ⟶ 0 limit. We then show that there exist non-equivalent definitions of δN 
that would reproduce ℛ or the uniform density curvature perturbation ζ at linear
order. We have then shown that the perturbative δN definition in terms of difference
between the number of e-foldings of different gauges, can be extended non-perturbatively at
leading order in gradient expansion. Nevertheless, the computer friendly definition in terms of
the difference of e-foldings obtained from the evolution of a local FRW Universe, respectively
with perturbed and un-perturbed initial conditions, might only give information about the linear
order curvature perturbations, contrary to what is stated in the literature.
Identification of high blood pressure using support vector machine and time-domain heart rate variability from photoplethysmography
Authors: Octaviani Aulia , Nuryani Nuryani , Salamah Umi , Pambudi Utomo Trio
Published: June 2023

Hypertension is one of the serious threats to human health by accelerating the cardiovascular disease. The way to prevent hypertension complications is to detect and prevent high blood pressure. This study aimed to identify hypertension using photoplethysmography (PPG) records. The method used time-domain Heart Rate Variability (HRV) from PPG. It used a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Radial Basis Function (RBF). Variations of SVM-C and RBF gamma were conducted to find the good performance of identification. Using clinical data, the identification system performed with a training accuracy of 99.33 % and a testing accuracy of 71.75%. Best performing results occur when using SVM-C 100 with a gamma of 400,000.
Detection of groundwater aquifers using geoelectrical resistivity method (case study : Plupuh Sub-district, Sragen District )
Authors: Darsono Darsono , Marzuki Ahmad , Nuryani Nuryani , Yuliyanto G.
Published: June 2023

An aquifer is a layer below the ground surface that contains groundwater. Inside the earth there are unconfined aquifers and confined aquifers, where unconfined aquifers are located near the surface while confined aquifers are located very deep beneath the earth. This study aims to find the location, depth, and thickness of aquifers that have the potential to contain large amounts of groundwater. The instrument used in this research is a resistivity meter OYO Model 2119C Mc OHM-EL, with a Schlumberger configuration with a current electrode length of AB/2 to 350 meters. Data acquisition were carried out in the Plupuh sub-district, Sragen district as many as 5 sounding points, and data processing using IP2win software. Based on the interpretation of resistivity geoelectrical data, it can be concluded that the area has the potential to have a lot of groundwater content, for unconfined aquifers at the TS1 sounding point with a depth of 7.7 meters to 19.2 meters with a thickness of 11.5 meters. and TS4 with a depth of 15.4 meters to 30 meters with a layer thickness of 14.6 meters. This aquifer layer is dominated by sand layer lithology, while the confined aquifer layer is located around TS1 and TS2. The two sounding points are located in the east and northeast of the research area. TS1 was detected at a depth of 39.9 meters to 110 meters with a layer thickness of 60.1 meters and TS2 was at a depth of 40.2 meters to 66.5 meters and 80.2 meters to 139.7 meters with a thickness of 84.8 meters. This aquifer layer is dominated by the gravel sand layer in TS1 and the sand layer in TS2.
Stratification characteristics of subsurface rock structure geothermal manifestations at Telaga Tujuh Warna Bukit Daun, Bengkulu, Indonesia using magnetic methods
Authors: Farid Muhammad , Refrizon  , Oktiana Andeska Defta , Ismul Hadi Arif
Published: June 2023

Geothermal energy is one of the mainstay of future alternative energy in Indonesia. One area that is believed to have geothermal potential is Telaga Tujuh Warna Village in Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Manifestations of hot springs, hot mud pools, geysers, sulfur, and the presence of steam around the lake are our beliefs about the existence of geothermal sources in the area. The purpose of this study was to determine the stratigraphic characteristics of the subsurface rocks of the Telaga Tujuh Warna geothermal manifestation area. Magnetic method was used to determine the subsurface rock stratification of the Telaga Tujuh Warna area. The magnetic method is carried out based on the measurement of geomagnetic anomalies caused by differences in the contrast of the magnetic susceptibility or permeability of the surrounding area. Based on 2D modeling of the subsurface lithology the area was compiled by of volcanic breccia (0 SI), basalt (1.03 SI, 0.205 SI, 0.2 SI, 0.23 SI, 0.207 SI), altered tuff-breccia rock (-0.041 SI), andesite rock (0.12 SI, 0.13 SI), altered tuff (-0.001 SI, -0.01 SI), and breccia-andesite rock (0.156 SI, 0.049 SI), tuff (0.027 SI), and altered andesite (-0.004 SI).
Study on the basic of spallation target for accelerator driven system
Authors: Slamet Pudjorahardjo Djoko , Sujitno Tjipto , Suprapto
Published: June 2023

A study on the basic of spallation target for Accelerator Driven System (ADS) has been done. ADS is a subcritical assembly combined with a high-power proton accelerator. In the center of the subcritical assembly, there is a spallation target for producing primary neutrons that will be multiplied by the subcritical core surrounding it. The neutrons are produced via spallation reaction which occurs when the spallation target is bombarded by high-energy protons. The spallation target has to be designed so that the number of neutrons escaping from the target per incident proton is maximum and the power density deposited on it is high (~1 MW/litter). The spallation target can be made of a solid or liquid material such as Pb, Hg, U, W, Ta, or Pb-Bi which are the most preferred materials for spallation targets. But, today Pb-Bi is the reference material for ADS applications. The spallation target has a large thermal load due to the conversion of about 10 MW proton into a neutron. Therefore, the target needs a cooling system; there are two options that can be considered i.e., cooling by means of the subcritical reactor primary system coolant and cooling by means of an independent loop.
Study of 3D printing materials as potential applications of phantom radiology
Authors: Yunianto M , Andika S N , Suparmi  , Cari  , Hargiani N , Ardyanto T D
Published: June 2023

This paper reports the results of the study of 3D printing materials applied as phantom radiology, which is an imitation of human body tissue for medical radiology purposes. The types of 3D printing materials were ABS, PETG, flexible TPU, Wood and PLA resin. Each of them was printed using 3D printing into phantom sample of 30 mm x 30 mm x 9 mm. The phantom samples were then tested using Siemens CT-Scan machine. Radiant Dicom Viewers and Micro Dicom Viewers software were used to process the data and determine the amount of CT number. The CT number values of ABS, PETG, fleksible TPU, Wood and PLA resin filaments were -680,00 HU; -641,17 HU; -685,62 HU; -690,00 HU and 133,00 HU. The electron density values of 3D printing materials were 0,32; 0,36; 0,31; 0,31 and 1,12. These two values were confirmed using Gammex 467 Tissue Characterization Phantom. The results found that ABS, Wood, PETG and FLEX had potential for lung phantom radiology materials. However fleksibel TPU filament has the greatest potential because it has the closest CT-number and electron density value.
The Direct Cylindrical Boris Algorithm
Authors: Shali A.H. , Adabiah S. R.
Published: June 2023

A modification of Boris Algorithm in cylindrical coordinate used to solve Lorentz equation for axisymmetrical plasma simulation is proposed. The velocity updates are calculated directly using matrix operation. The inertial forces are evaluated at n-0.5 time steps. The algorithm is tested for several scenarios: electric field only, electric field dominated, |E| = |B|, ExB drift, gyration test, and a test devised by Delzanno. The result is compared to the standard Boris solver in cylindrical coordinate. The results show that even though generally the solver is not that accurate compared to the standard Boris solver, especially for a larger time step width, it is comparatively faster. Thus, the solver might be useful for plasma simulations that do not require detailed trajectory for each simulated particle.
Characterization of Spectroradiometric Based Luminous Flux Measurements for LED Luminaires at BRIN Indonesia
Authors: Prihhapso Y , Samodro R A , Pramudya T , Firdaus M Y , Wibowo D K , Setianingrum L , Hamidah M , Rahardjo S , Rasuanta M P , Rahmadiansyah M
Published: June 2023

Light Emitting Diode (LED) luminaires are known to have higher efficacy compared to other types of light sources. Therefore, this type of luminaire has been deployed to replace existing conventional types of light sources as means of energy-saving around the world. LED efficacy is commonly measured using a photometer mounted in a goniophotometer or an integrating sphere system. However, due to the different spectral properties of the LEDs compared with the source used in the photometer calibration, mismatch correction needs to be applied in the measurement process. Due to the arduous process of obtaining the correction, the measurement of luminous flux using a spectroradiometer is proposed in this study. By utilizing this device, the mismatch correction does not need to be applied. The measurements of several commercially available LED and energy-saving compact fluorescent luminaires (CFL) show that current LED has twice the efficacy of the CFLs. The LED shows efficacy in the range of 114 lumen/watt. The measurement uncertainty associated with the efficacy of the LED is 4.2%. It is expected that the quality assurance and the accuracy of LEDs luminaires measurement and testing in Indonesia can be improved by using the integrating sphere with the spectroradiometer measurement method.
Development a prototype of river water level monitoring system using ESP32 based on internet of things for flood mitigation
Authors: Pramono N A , Purwandani B A , Ghaisyani O , Mallisa F P P , Sofyan F I
Published: June 2023

Flood is one of the disasters which often strike Indonesia. It is one of the disaster which can cause plenty of losses for the community that are not limited to material losses only, but casualties too. Along with the development of science and technology, flood mitigation can also be performed through the latest technologies which are more effective. One of the technologies which can be applied to help monitoring flood is river level monitoring system that is based on the Internet of Things. The purpose of this study is to create a river level monitoring system by using ESP32 based on the Internet of Things for flood mitigation. This system uses Ultrasonic Sensor and the monitoring results will be displayed on Blynk and Thingspeak which are connected to the ESP32. The result is a prototype of a river level monitoring system, which es expected to be used for flood mitigation.
Dose analysis of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) on head cancer using PHITS code with neutron source from accelerator
Authors: Bilalodin  , Haryadi Aris , Abdullatif Farzand
Published: June 2023

The dose analysis of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) on head cancer using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) has been carried out. The purpose of this study was determine the rate of dose received and the irradiation time required for head cancer therapy using the BNCT method. The research was conducted through a simulation approach. The PHITS code was used to design an epithermal neutron source derived from accelerator and to define the geometric dimensions of the head tissue components. The head model is based on Snyder’s head model with cancer cells located in the center of the brain at a depth of 3.8 cm. The investigation of the dose distribution on the head included skin, skull, brain and cancer sections consisting of Planning Target Volume (PTV), Clinical Target Volume (CTV) and Gross Tumor Volume (GTV). Simulations were carried out at boron concentrations of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 μg/g tissue. Based on the simulation results, the greater the boron concentration, the greater the resulting dose rate. The highest dose rate was obtained in the GTV area of 6.37 x 10-2 Gy/s using a boron concentration of 80 μg/g tissue. The effective time for cancer therapy was calculated based on the highest dose rate obtained at 13,08 minutes.
Characterisation of acoustic louvres panel for Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) noise control
Authors: Irawan S R , Suyatno  , Indrawati S , Fatimah I , Indarto B , Muntini M S , Anggoro D
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the results of research about louvre panels with 4 blades, 5 blades, and 6 blades for mechanical and acoustical performance which installed at the outlet of the ducting system. The mechanical performance will show up the airflow velocity and pressure drop, for the acoustical performance will analysed for its ability to reduce noise in the HVAC System. The measurement method used a rectangular linear duct with the inlet of a fan as an airflow source and loudspeaker as a noise source. The ability tested from the acoustic parameters of TL and the directivity of the noise from the outlet section, as well as mechanical analysis performance based on airflow and pressure drop. For the pressure drop parameter value is up to 20 Pa for 4 blades louvre, and about 24 Pa for 5 blades and 6 blades louvre. By using third octave band filter from 20 to 8000 Hz, the highest TL value is at 27 dB at a frequency of 63 Hz. For the directivity used to determine the distribution of sound energy around the outlet, it shows that the highest SPL value is at a frequency of 1 kHz with the difference from the perpendicular angle of the outlet after being given a louvre acoustic panel of 12 dB. So, the installation of louvre panels has small of pressure drop effect, but it can be effective for noise reduction.
The effect of concentration extender on the making of lignin phenol-formaldehyde from coconut fibre as an environmentally friendly adhesive
Authors: Yusmaniar  , Kurniadewi F , Nur Oktavia A
Published: June 2023

This study aims to make adhesives with a variety of concentration extenders. First, the coconut husk was delignified with 25% NaOH and then precipitated with sulfuric acid. The yield of lignin from coconut coir was 38.92%, with a purity of 68%, a phenolic hydroxyl content of 2.47%, and an equivalent molecular weight of 1666.67 g/mol. Lignin was then used to synthesize phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) lignin by adding tapioca flour extender with variations of 10%, 20% and 30% of the mass of phenol through the resol method with 50% NaOH catalyst. Then the characterization was carried out using FTIR Spectrophotometer, XRD and adhesive test. The results showed that the LPF copolymer with a 10% extender was better than the LPF copolymer without an extender for wood adhesives with adhesive resistance of 955.34 N and low formaldehyde emission of 0.44 mg/L.
Machine learning approach to the temperature gradient in the case of discontinuous temperature boundary conditions in a triangular cavity
Authors: Pekmen Geridonmez B
Published: June 2023

In this study, a prediction for the temperature gradient close to the sharp corners on a right triangle having singularity is proposed utilizing statistical techniques. This singularity is a result of different Dirichlet types of boundary conditions at the corners. In most of the numerical methods, refinement on corners is done, and computational difficulty in gradient calculation is softened. However, the increased refinement results in a blow-up in the temperature gradient close to the problematic corner. A natural convection flow problem is concerned in a right isosceles triangle in two cases of singularity at the left top corner. In Case 1, the left vertical hot wall and the right inclined cold wall, and in Case 2 the left vertical cold wall and the right inclined hot wall are considered. In the present approach, input data is built from the numerical solution of the problem by cutting the region at a chosen cutting point where almost blow-up starts at the temperature gradient along the hot wall. Then, model functions are derived by using machine learning techniques either multivariate adaptive regression splines (Mars) in R project or Trilayer Neural Network (TNN) in Regression Learner Toolbox in Matlab. The obtained model function for the temperature gradient is used to predict the temperature gradient of points above the cutting point. Therefore, the temperature gradient along the hot wall is calculated by combining the temperature gradients of numerical-below and predicted-above. Average Nusselt number as an integral of the temperature gradient along the concerned hot wall is compared with a reference study, and good agreement is observed. That is, modeling of the temperature gradient on singular points is a way of approach for computing accurate results of the temperature gradient.
Air-traffic controller and autopilot joint control of aircraft as mixed integer quadratic problem
Authors: Mikhailov A V , Kumkov S S
Published: June 2023

One of the traditional problems in air-traffic management is optimal safe scheduling aircraft at a point of air-routes join. However, this problem implies another one, namely, the problem of guiding the aircraft to the prescribed point of its route at the necessary instant. The latter problem is studied much less attentively. Change of the arrival instant can be provided by alternating the aircraft motion trajectory on the basis of near-airport air-routes scheme or by alternating its velocity. Such a control can be worked out as automatically by the aircraft autopilot as manually by an air-traffic controller. But it can be difficult to an air-traffic controller to construct such a control especially during rush hours in loaded airports. In this paper, the authors suggest an optimizational formalization of the problem of automatic directions generation for such a guiding. The criterion to be minimized in this formalization is the number of controller-pilot interactions, because each such an interaction is a long, difficult process liable to linguistic, technical, psychological, and other errors. Since the criterion and other processes are of discrete kind, the formalization is done in the framework of mixed integer quadratic programming. The obtained problems are solved numerically by means of MIQP-solver provided by the Gurobi library. Each subproblem is solved quite fast within 0.1-0.5 seconds. So, solution of the entire problem (which includes enumeration of trajectories and choice of the optimal velocity regime for each of them) takes one-two seconds. Thus, the problem for the entire group of aircraft can be solved during a time acceptable for a real time application.