bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromosome Inversions, Local Adaptation and Speciation
Authors: Kirkpatrick Mark , Barton Nick
Published: October 2005

We study the evolution of inversions that capture locally adapted alleles when two populations are exchanging migrants or hybridizing. By suppressing recombination between the loci, a new inversion can spread. Neither drift nor coadaptation between the alleles (epistasis) is needed, so this local adaptation mechanism may apply to a broader range of genetic and demographic situations than alternative hypotheses that have been widely discussed. The mechanism can explain many features observed in inversion systems. It will drive an inversion to high frequency if there is no countervailing force, which could explain fixed differences observed between populations and species. An inversion can be stabilized at an intermediate frequency if it also happens to capture one or more deleterious recessive mutations, which could explain polymorphisms that are common in some species. This polymorphism can cycle in frequency with the changing selective advantage of the locally favored alleles. The mechanism can establish underdominant inversions that decrease heterokaryotype fitness by several percent if the cause of fitness loss is structural, while if the cause is genic there is no limit to the strength of underdominance that can result. The mechanism is expected to cause loci responsible for adaptive species-specific differences to map to inversions, as seen in recent QTL studies. We discuss data that support the hypothesis, review other mechanisms for inversion evolution, and suggest possible tests.
Comparison of Quantitative Trait Loci for Adaptive Traits Between Oak and Chestnut Based on an Expressed Sequence Tag Consensus Map
Authors: Casasoli Manuela , Derory Jeremy , Morera-Dutrey Caroline , Brendel Oliver , Porth Ilga , Guehl Jean-Marc , Villani Fiorella , Kremer Antoine
Published: October 2005

A comparative genetic and QTL mapping was performed between Quercus robur L. and Castanea sativa Mill., two major forest tree species belonging to the Fagaceae family. Oak EST-derived markers (STSs) were used to align the 12 linkage groups of the two species. Fifty-one and 45 STSs were mapped in oak and chestnut, respectively. These STSs, added to SSR markers previously mapped in both species, provided a total number of 55 orthologous molecular markers for comparative mapping within the Fagaceae family. Homeologous genomic regions identified between oak and chestnut allowed us to compare QTL positions for three important adaptive traits. Colocation of the QTL controlling the timing of bud burst was significant between the two species. However, conservation of QTL for height growth was not supported by statistical tests. No QTL for carbon isotope discrimination was conserved between the two species. Putative candidate genes for bud burst can be identified on the basis of colocations between EST-derived markers and QTL.
Loss of Hsp70 in Drosophila Is Pleiotropic, With Effects on Thermotolerance, Recovery From Heat Shock and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Gong Wei J , Golic Kent G
Published: October 2005

The heat-shock response is a programmed change in gene expression carried out by cells in response to environmental stress, such as heat. This response is universal and is characterized by the synthesis of a small group of conserved protein chaperones. In Drosophila melanogaster the Hsp70 chaperone dominates the profile of protein synthesis during the heat-shock response. We recently generated precise deletion alleles of the Hsp70 genes of D. melanogaster and have used those alleles to characterize the phenotypes of Hsp70-deficient flies. Flies with Hsp70 deletions have reduced thermotolerance. We find that Hsp70 is essential to survive a severe heat shock, but is not required to survive a milder heat shock, indicating that a significant degree of thermotolerance remains in the absence of Hsp70. However, flies without Hsp70 have a lengthened heat-shock response and an extended developmental delay after a non-lethal heat shock, indicating Hsp70 has an important role in recovery from stress, even at lower temperatures. Lack of Hsp70 also confers enhanced sensitivity to a temperature-sensitive lethal mutation and to the neurodegenerative effects produced by expression of a human polyglutamine disease protein.
On the Sample Size Requirement in Genetic Association Tests When the Proportion of False Positives Is Controlled
Authors: Zou Guohua , Zuo Yijun
Published: October 2005

With respect to the multiple-tests problem, recently an increasing amount of attention has been paid to control the false discovery rate (FDR), the positive false discovery rate (pFDR), and the proportion of false positives (PFP). The new approaches are generally believed to be more powerful than the classical Bonferroni one. This article focuses on the PFP approach. It demonstrates via examples in genetic association studies that the Bonferroni procedure can be more powerful than the PFP-control one and also shows the intrinsic connection between controlling the PFP and controlling the overall type I error rate. Since controlling the PFP does not necessarily lead to a desired power level, this article addresses the design issue and recommends the sample sizes that can attain the desired power levels when the PFP is controlled. The results in this article also provide rough guidance for the sample sizes to achieve the desired power levels when the FDR and especially the pFDR are controlled.
Construction monitoring of cut and cover tunnels
Authors: Holmes G. , Roscoe H. , Chodorowski A.
Published: October 2005

Over 700 instruments were installed to monitor the performance of the cut and cover tunnels that carry the Channel Tunnel Rail Link through Ashford. Careful monitoring confirmed design assumptions and provided a sound basis for changes to the construction sequence that accelerated the works. This paper highlights key features of the monitoring system. It describes the instruments that were installed, reviews their performance, and identifies practical issues that were addressed during the contract. The results help to quantify toe movements of embedded retaining walls. They identify variations in temporary prop loads that are explained by reference to the method of excavation and changes in prop stiffness during initial loading. Prompt reporting and open access to the monitoring data developed confidence and trust between the project partners, and led to closer interaction and greater efficiency.
Deep-well pumping in the Bangkok Plain and its influence on ground improvement development with surcharge and vertical drains
Authors: Balasubramaniam A. S. , Oh E.Y.N. , Bolton M. W. , Bergado D. T. , Phienwej N.
Published: October 2005

The Bangkok subsoil that forms part of the larger Chao Phraya Plain consists of a broad basin filled with sedimentary soil deposits that form alternate layers of sand, gravel and clay. The depth of the bedrock is still undetermined, but its level in the Bangkok area is known to vary between 400 m and 1800 m deep. The aquifer system beneath the city area is very complex, and the deep-well pumping from the aquifers over the last 50 years or so has caused substantial piezometric drawdown in the upper soft and highly compressible clay layer. In this paper, the influence of the piezometric drawdown on the performance of vertical drains with surcharge on the upper clay layer is examined. Instrumented test embankments were built and the performance of large-diameter sand drains, sand wicks and prefabricated vertical drains was examined. A novel interpretation technique was adopted to evaluate the settlements from pore pressure dissipation and to compare with those measured directly from settlement measurements.

Le sous-sol de Bangkok qui forme une partie de la plaine plus vaste de Chao Phraya est constitué d'un large bassin rempli de dépô ts sédimentaires qui forment des couches alternées de sable, de gravier et d'argile. La profondeur du lit rocheux reste indéterminée mais on sait que son niveau dans la zone de Bangkok se situe entre 400 m et 1800 m de profondeur. Le système aquifère sous la ville est très complexe et un pompage à puits profonds au cours des 50 dernières années a causé une baisse substantielle du niveau piézométrique dans la couche argileuse supérieure molle et hautement compressible. Dans cet exposé, nous examinons l'influence de la baisse piézométrique sur la performance de drains verticaux surchargés sur la couche argileuse supérieure. Des berges de contrôle instrumentées ont é té construites et la performance de drains de sable de gros diamètre, de mèches de sable et de drains verticaux préfabriqués a été é tudiée. Nous avons adopté une technique d'interprétation innovante pour é valuer les tassements d'après la dissipation de la pression interstitielle et pour les mesures de tassement directes.
Influence of fly ash and lime on plasticity characteristics of residual lateritic soil
Authors: Goswami R. K. , Singh B.
Published: October 2005

Residual lateritic soils, developed in tropical and similar other climates associated with high temperature and abundant rainfall, are widely used as fill material for various construction activities. The effective use of these soils is often hindered by difficulty in handling them, particularly under moist and wet conditions typical of tropical regions. An attempt has been made to study the plasticity behaviour of a residually derived lateritic soil mixed with a low-calcium fly ash and lime. Three proportions of soil and fly ash were used, with the maximum amount of soil replaced with fly ash limited to 50%. Lime was added in quantities varying from 1% to 8% of the dry weight of soil or soil-fly ash mix. Atterberg limits were determined for the mixes after different curing periods up to 56 days. Owing to the presence of sesquioxides in the residual lateritic soil, unlike other soils, the addition of the low-calcium fly ash caused a decrease in the plastic limit.It was only when lime was also added that the plastic limit of the soil-fly ash mixes was noted to increase, leading to an improvement in workability.

Les sols latéritiques résiduels, qui se développent dans des climats tropicaux et autres climats similaires à fortes températures et à précipitations abondantes sont largement utilisés comme matériaux de remblai lors de diverses activités de construction. L'utilisation efficace de ces sols est souvent gênée par un maniement difficile, plus particulièrement dans les conditions humides qui sont typiques des régions tropicales. Nous avons essayé d'étudier le comportement de plasticité d'un sol latéritique résiduel mélangé à de la cendre volante à faible teneur en calcium et à de la chaux. Nous avons utilisé trois proportions de sol et de cendre volante, le volume maximum de sol remplacé par de la cendre volante se limitant à 50%. De la chaux a été ajoutée en quantités représentant de 1 à 8% du poids sec du sol ou du mélange cendre-sol. Nous avons déterminé les limites d'Atterberg des mélanges apre's diverses périodes de durcissement allant jusqu'à 56 jours. En raison de la présence de sesquioxydes dans le sol latéritique résiduel, contrairement aux autres sols, l'adjonction de la cendre volante à faible teneur en calcium a causé une réduction de la limite plastique. Ce n'est que lorsque la chaux a été ajoutée que la limite plastique des mélanges cendre-sol a augmenté, provoquant une amélioration de la maniabilité.
CARDIFRC® – Development and mechanical properties. Part III: Uniaxial tensile response and other mechanical properties
Authors: Benson S. D. P. , Karihaloo B. L.
Published: October 2005

Part III of this three-part paper about CARDIFRC®, a class of high performance short steel fibre-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCCs), deals with the measurement of the tensile response of CARDIFRC® mixes on a specially developed specimen geometry and loading arrangement. It also compares the measured mechanical properties (Young's modulus, E, compressive strength, fc, tensile strength, ft, specific fracture energy, GF) with the theoretically predicted values using micromechanical relations.
Capacity of RC rectangular sections subjected to biaxial bending: simplification to an increased uniaxial bending moment
Authors: Bonet J. L. , Fernandez M. A. , Romero M. L. , Miguel P. F.
Published: October 2005

This paper proposes a new method for determining the capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) rectangular sections with doubly symmetrical reinforcement subjected to combined axial load and biaxial bending. The method is based on the simplification to an increased uniaxial bending analysis and is valid for both normal- and high-strength concretes and for different bar arrangements, which can be equal at the four corners, uniformly distributed over the contour or symmetrical at opposite faces. The proposed method has been suggested from an analytical calculation that adopts the assumption of Eurocode 2. The method was compared with theoretical results and experimental tests from the literature. The method allows reinforced concrete sections to be checked and designed in a simple but accurate way, which is very interesting for practising engineers.
Effect of existing cracks on shear failure behaviour of reinforced concrete members
Authors: Pimanmas A. , Tisavipat J.
Published: October 2005

The effect of existing cracks on shear failure behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) members was investigated in this paper. The authors conducted the experiments on shear response of pre-cracked RC members with various quantities of stirrups. The objective of the study is to identify the effect of pre-cracks on concrete that resists shear through diagonal tension, as in beams without stirrups, and through compressive struts, as in beams with large amounts of stirrups. In the former case, it is found that pre-cracks delay diagonal tension failure, thus elevating the shear capacity. The apparent increase in concrete tension capacity arises from the crack arrest mechanism. The propagation of a diagonal shear crack is arrested by the pre-crack. A considerable increase in shear capacity is obtained, and the failure mode is changed from brittle shear to flexural yielding. On the other hand, in the case of a beam containing large amounts of stirrups, pre-cracks decrease the web-crushing capacity. Pre-cracks are supposed apparently to weaken the concrete struts by two mechanisms: a reduction in the effective contact area of crack surface and a reduction in the compressive strength of concrete near pre-crack owing to micro-fracturing damages. In the case of beams with a fair amount of stirrups, the failure is governed by yielding of stirrups rather than crushing of web concrete, hence the web-crushing mode is not relevant. The increase in diagonal tension capacity of concrete therefore leads to the increase in the overall shear capacity.
The Participation of Cognitively Impaired Elderly in Research
Authors: Loue Sana
Published: October 2005

It is critical that cognitively impaired adults be permitted to participate in research in order to develop a greater understanding of the underlying causes of the impairments and strategies to prevent or ameliorate their impact. Significant ethical and legal issues may arise in the recruitment and enrollment of these persons as study participants, due to difficulties in understanding information, uncertainty regarding the existence of sufficient mental capacity to provide informed consent to participate, and the potential for coercion to participate as a function of limited capacity and dependence on others for care. This article explores these issues and suggests mechanisms to maximize the understanding of information and facilitate the cognitively impaired elders’ expression of choice during incapacity.
Wavelength‐Dependent Photosensitivity in a Germanium‐Doped Sol–Gel Hybrid Material for Direct Photopatterning
Authors: Kim J.‐K. , Kang D. J. , Bae B.‐S.
Published: October 2005

Photosensitivity, as evident in permanent changes in refractive index and volume upon light exposure, is observed in a germanium‐doped methacrylate hybrid material (hybrimer) and found to depend on the wavelength of the UV light. Exposure to short‐wavelength UV illumination (220–260 nm) results in very high photosensitivity with changes in refractive index (Δn ≈ 0.0164) and film thickness (Δt ≈ –40 %) that are mainly a result of photopolymerization and Ge‐related densification. In contrast, the hybrimer is hardly photosensitive to light in the long UV‐wavelength range (350–390 nm). Direct photopatterning of a single circle on the hybrimer film creates a concave lens‐like topography upon illumination with UV light of short wavelength and a convex lens‐like one upon illumination with UV light of long wavelength.
The First Titanium Molybdenum Antimonide: Ti5.42Mo2.58Sb9, a Substitution Variant of Zr2V6Sb9.
Authors: Assoud Abdeljalil , Kleinke Katja M. , Kleinke Holger
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure and Chemical Bonding of Ce2Ge2In and Ce2Pt2In.
Authors: Zaremba Vasyl' I. , Johrendt Dirk , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Nychyporuk Galyna P. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: October 2005

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Structural, Magnetic and Transport Properties of Sr2Fe1‐xMgxMoO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Double Perovskites.
Authors: Sher Falak , Venimadhav A. , Blamire M. G. , Dabrowski B. , Kolesnik S. , Attfield J. Paul
Published: October 2005

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Template‐Synthesized LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 Nanotubes as the Cathode Materials of Lithium Ion Batteries.
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Cheng Fangyi , Guo Bing , Chen Jun
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis and Characterization of a H+ Exchanged Zirconate.
Authors: Orera A. , Kuhn A. , Garcia Alvarado F.
Published: October 2005

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Periodates of Tetravalent Titanium, Zirconium, Hafnium and Thorium: Synthesis, Characterization and EXAFS Study.
Authors: Hector Andrew L. , Levason William
Published: October 2005

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Facile Conversion of o‐Quinones into 1,3‐Dioxoles.
Authors: Batanero Belen , Barba Fructuoso
Published: October 2005

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Asymmetric Hydrogenation of tert‐Alkyl Ketones.
Authors: Ohkuma Takeshi , Sandoval Christian A. , Srinivasan Rajagopal , Lin Quinghong , Wei Yinmao , Muniz Kilian , Noyori Ryoji
Published: October 2005

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A New Class of Readily Available and Conformationally Rigid Phosphino‐Oxazoline Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: Liu Duan , Dai Qian , Zhang Xumu
Published: October 2005

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Catalytic and Enantioselective Aza‐Ene and Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions of Alkenes and Dienes with Azodicarboxylates.
Authors: Aburel Pompiliu S. , Zhuang Wei , Hazell Rita G. , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: October 2005

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Catalytic Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reaction via a Chiral Indium(III) Complex.
Authors: Teo Yong‐Chua , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: October 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential Alkylation—Alkenylation Reactions: Application Towards the Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Fused Aromatic Rings.
Authors: Alberico Dino , Paquin Jean‐Francois , Lautens Mark
Published: October 2005

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Stereoselective Intramolecular 1,3 C—H Insertion in Rh(II) Carbene Reactions.
Authors: Shi Weifeng , Zhang Bo , Zhang Jian , Liu Binge , Zhang Shiwei , Wang Jianbo
Published: October 2005

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Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Alkenol into Alkanone in Water under Irradiation of Microwaves.
Authors: Ishibashi Kenichi , Takahashi Masaaki , Yokota Yutaka , Oshima Koichiro , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: October 2005

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Dielectric Activation of MnO2. Part 1. Oxidation of Conjugated Unsaturated Alcohols.
Authors: Lai Tapan K. , Banerji Julie , Chatterjee Asima , Basak Bidyut
Published: October 2005

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Hydrogenation versus Hydrogenolysis with a Safe, Selective and Reusable Catalyst: Palladium Black on Teflon.
Authors: Belotti Damien , Cantagrel Guillaume , Combellas Catherine , Cossy Janine , Kanoufi Frederic , Nunige Sandra
Published: October 2005

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Enantioselective Organocatalytic α‐Fluorination of Aldehydes.
Authors: Beeson Teresa D. Beeson Teresa D. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: October 2005

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Platinum‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of Vinyl Arenes with Carboxamides.
Authors: Qian Hua , Widenhoefer Ross A.
Published: October 2005

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Chemoselective Deprotection of Cyclic N,O‐Aminals Using Catalytic Bismuth(III) Bromide in Acetonitrile.
Authors: Cong Xin , Hu Fang , Liu Ke‐Gang , Liao Qing‐Jiang , Yao Zhu‐Jun
Published: October 2005

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Cascade Reactions of β‐Amino‐Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Fischer Carbene Complexes with 1,5‐Dien‐3‐ynes as a Convenient Access to Ring‐Anellated Benzene Derivatives.
Authors: Wu Yao‐Ting , Noltemeyer Mathias , de Meijere Armin
Published: October 2005

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An Anionic Strategy for Three‐ and Four‐Component Coupling Reactions Leading to Ketone Frameworks Based on Vinylogous Conversion of Dilithio Ketone α,β‐Dianions.
Authors: Yamato Shin‐ya , Yamamura Go‐hei , Komatsu Mitsuo , Arai Masashi , Fukuyama Takahide , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: October 2005

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Catalytic Enantioselective Indium‐Mediated Allylation of Hydrazones.
Authors: Cook Gregory R. , Kargbo Robert , Maity Bikash
Published: October 2005

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One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Allylthioureas Using Supported Reagents.
Authors: Aoyama Tadashi , Murata Sumiko , Nagata Yasutaka , Takido Toshio , Kodomari Mitsuo
Published: October 2005

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New Synthesis of Semisquaric Acid Derivatives via Chlorinated N‐(Cyclobutylidene)amines.
Authors: Verniest Guido , Colpaert Jeroen , Toernroos Karl W. , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: October 2005

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Remarkable Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl Group for Diastereoselective [2 + 2] Cyclizations.
Authors: Boxer Matthew B. , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: October 2005

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α‐Hydroxy Cyclopentenones from α‐Diketones.
Authors: Batson William A. , Sethumadhavan Divakaramenon , Tius Marcus A.
Published: October 2005

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Tandem Sakurai‐Aldol Addition Reactions as a Route to Structurally Complex Carbocycles.
Authors: Stevens Benjamin D. , Nelson Scott G.
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐en‐2‐ones via a Tandem Intermolecular Michael Addition Intramolecular Aldol Process (a Bridged Robinson Annulation).
Authors: Jung Michael E. , Maderna Andreas
Published: October 2005

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Imino‐ene Reaction of N‐Tosyl Arylaldimines with α‐Methylstyrene: Application in the Synthesis of Important Amines.
Authors: Pandey Manoj K. , Bisai Alakesh , Pandey Ankur , Singh Vinod K.
Published: October 2005

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Allylic Etherification via Ir(I)/Zn(II) Bimetallic Catalysis.
Authors: Roberts Justin P. , Lee Chulbom
Published: October 2005

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Mild and Eco‐Friendly Oxidative Cleavage of 1,3‐Dithianes and 1,3‐Dithiolanes with a Catalytic Amount of Hydrobromic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide: Synergetic Effect of Bromonium Ion Equivalent and Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Ganguly Nemai C. , Datta Mrityunjoy
Published: October 2005

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Direct Propargylation of Furan and Arene by Propargylic Alcohols Promoted by Bisoxazoline—Ruthenium Catalysts.
Authors: Fischmeister Cedric , Toupet Loic , Dixneuf Pierre H.
Published: October 2005

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A One‐Pot Efficient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 5,6‐Dihydronaphthalenes from 2H‐Pyran‐2‐one.
Authors: Sil Diptesh , Ram Vishnu Ji
Published: October 2005

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Concise Syntheses of 2‐Aminoindans via Indan‐2‐ol.
Authors: Goeksu Sueleyman , Secen Hasan
Published: October 2005

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CO‐Trapping Reaction under Thermolysis of Alkoxyamines: Application to the Synthesis of 3,4‐Cyclopenta‐1‐tetralones.
Authors: Uenoyama Yoshitaka , Tsukida Masaaki , Doi Takashi , Ryu Ilhyong , Studer Armido
Published: October 2005

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Regiochemical Control by Remote Substituents — A Selective Synthesis of Angularly Fused Ring Systems.
Authors: Kraus George A. , Zhang Ning , Wei Jing Qiang , Jensen Jan H.
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of Aza‐, Oxa‐, and Thiabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Heterocycles from a Common Synthetic Intermediate.
Authors: Renslo Adam R. , Gao Hongwu , Jaishankar Priyadarshini , Venkatachalam Revathy , Gordeev Mikhail F.
Published: October 2005

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4‐Substituted (Benzo[b]thiophene‐2‐carbonyl)guanidines as Novel Na+/H+ Exchanger Isoform‐1 (NHE‐1) Inhibitors.
Authors: Lee Sunkyung , Lee Hyunsuk , Yi Kyu Yang , Lee Byung Ho , Yoo Sung‐eun , Lee Kyunghee , Cho Nam Sook
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of 2‐Alkylidenepyrrolidines, Pyrroles and Indoles by Condensation of Silyl Enol Ethers and 1,3‐Bis‐Silyl Enol Ethers with 1‐Azido‐2,2‐dimethoxyethane and Subsequent Reductive Cyclization.
Authors: Bellur Esen , Goerls Helmar , Langer Peter
Published: October 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem N‐Arylation/Carboamination Reactions for the Stereoselective Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐2‐benzyl Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Yang Qifei , Ney Joshua E. , Wolfe John P.
Published: October 2005

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Copper‐ or Phosphine‐Catalyzed Reaction of Alkynes with Isocyanides. Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles Controlled by the Catalyst.
Authors: Kamijo Shin , Kanazawa Chikashi , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of 1‐(n‐Hexyl‐5‐one)‐2‐chlorobenzimidazole.
Authors: Dubey P. K. , Naidu A. , Anandam V. , Hemasunder G.
Published: October 2005

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A Novel and Short Convergent Approach for N‐Aryl‐5‐aminomethyl‐2‐oxazolidinone Derivatives Linezolid and DUP‐721.
Authors: Madhusudhan G. , Reddy G. O. , Ramanatham J. , Dubey P. K.
Published: October 2005

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Enantioselective Addition of Amines to Alkenoyl‐N‐oxazolidinones.
Authors: Li Kelin , Phua Pim Huat , Hii King Kuok
Published: October 2005

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New Amides of 5‐Acylamino‐3‐methyl‐4‐isothiazolecarboxylic Acid and Their Immunotropic Activity.
Authors: Lipnicka Urszula , Regiec Andrzej , Sulkowski Emil , Zimecki Michal
Published: October 2005

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Preparation of tert‐Alkyl Aryl Sulfides from tert‐Alcohols via Quinone‐Mediated Oxidation—Reduction Condensation Between tert‐Alkyl Diphenylphosphinites and 2‐Sulfanyl‐1,3‐benzothiazole.
Authors: Ikegai Kazuhiro , Pluempanupat Wanchai , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of Substituted Aryl Amidines from Aminoacetonitriles.
Authors: Yin Zhiwei , Zhang Zhongxing , Zhu Juliang , Wong Henry , Kadow John F. , Meanwell Nicholas A. , Wang Tao
Published: October 2005

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Fluorous Click Chemistry as a Practical Tagging Method.
Authors: Kaleta Zoltan , Egyed Orsolya , Soos Tibor
Published: October 2005

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Substituent Dependent Regioselective Synthesis of Pyranopyrandiones and 1,2‐Teraryls from 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones.
Authors: Pratap Ramendra , Sil Diptesh , Ram Vishnu Ji
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of 3‐Cyano‐ and 3‐Cyano‐4‐methylcoumarins Using Phase Transfer Catalysis.
Authors: Seema Seema , Kumar Surender , Makrandi J. K.
Published: October 2005

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A Highly Efficient and Environmentally Benign Synthesis of 6,8‐Dibromoflavones, 8‐Bromoflavones, 5,7‐Dibromoaurones and 7‐Bromoaurones.
Authors: Khan Abu T. , Goswami Papori
Published: October 2005

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Tl(NO3)3×3H2O: A Convenient Oxidizing Agent for Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Momeni Ahmad Reza , Massah Ahmad Reza , Naghash Hamid Javaherian , Aliyan Hamid , Solati Shirin , Sameh Tayebeh
Published: October 2005

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Biological Evaluation and Structure—Activity Relationships of Bis‐(3‐aryl‐3‐oxo‐propyl)methylamine Hydrochlorides and 4‐Aryl‐3‐arylcarbonyl‐1‐methyl‐4‐piperidinol Hydrochlorides as Potential Cytotoxic Agents and Their Alkylating Ability Towards Cellular Glutathione in Human Leukemic T Cells.
Authors: Gul Mustafa , Gul Halise Inci , Das Umashankar , Hanninen Osmo
Published: October 2005

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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 4‐Hydro‐quinoline‐3‐carboxamide Derivatives as an Immunomodulator.
Authors: He Jun‐Feng , Yun Liu‐Hong , Yang Ri‐Fang , Xiao Zhi‐Yong , Cheng Jun‐Ping , Zhou Wen‐Xia , Zhang Yong‐Xiang
Published: October 2005

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New Piperidinyl‐ and 1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridinyl‐pyrimidine Derivatives as Selective 5‐HT1A Receptor Agonists with Highly Potent anti‐Ischemic Effects.
Authors: Kamei Katsuhide , Maeda Noriko , Katsuragi‐Ogino Ryoko , Koyama Makoto , Nakajima Mika , Tatsuoka Toshio , Ohno Tomochika , Inoue Teruyoshi
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Straightforward Approach to Iminoxazines and Azetidinimines via 1,4‐Addition of Chelated Enolates Toward Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Mendler Barbara , Kazmaier Uli , Huch Volker , Veith Michael
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of Substituted 2,4‐Dioxo‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐benzo[b]diazepine‐7‐sulfamides.
Authors: Filimonov S. I. , Kravchenko D. V. , Khakhina M. Yu. , Dorogov M. V. , Tkachenko S. E. , Ivashchenko A. V.
Published: October 2005

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Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrophosphonylation of Imines: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Phosphonates.
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko , Morita Hisashi , Itoh Junji , Fuchibe Kohei
Published: October 2005

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Ultrasound‐Irradiated Michael Addition of Amines to Ferrocenylenones under Solvent‐Free and Catalyst‐Free Conditions at Room Temperature.
Authors: Yang Jin‐Ming , Ji Shun‐Jun , Gu Da‐Gong , Shen Zhi‐Liang , Wang Shun‐Yi
Published: October 2005

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Novel Phomactin Analogues as PAF Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Goldring William P. D. , Alexander Stephen P. H. , Kendall David A. , Pattenden Gerald
Published: October 2005

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Two New Cycloartane Triterpene Glycosides and a New Alkaloid from Souliea vaginata
Authors: Zhou Liang , Yang Jun‐Shan , Wu Xia , Zou Jian‐Hua , Xu Xu‐Dong , Tu Guang‐Zhong
Published: October 2005

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New Xenicane Diterpenoids from Xenia florida.
Authors: Shen Ya‐Ching , Lin Yu‐Chi , Ahmed Atallah F. , Kuo Yao‐Haur
Published: October 2005

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Progress Toward the Total Synthesis of Saudin: Development of a Tandem Stille‐Oxa‐Electrocyclization Reaction.
Authors: Tambar Uttam K. , Kano Taichi , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: October 2005

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Extending the Scope of the [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Dichloroketene to Chiral Enol Ethers: Synthesis of (‐)‐Detoxinine.
Authors: Ceccon Julien , Poisson Jean‐Francois , Greene Andrew E.
Published: October 2005

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Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Alcohols and α‐Amino Acids via a Copper‐Catalyzed Addition of Diorganozinc Reagents to N‐Phosphinoylimines.
Authors: Desrosiers Jean‐Nicolas , Cote Alexandre , Charette Andre B.
Published: October 2005

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Enantioselective and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Fluorinated Dipeptides by Late Electrophilic Fluorination.
Authors: Mohar Barbara , Sterk Damjan , Ferron Laurent , Cahard Dominique
Published: October 2005

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Asymmetric Synthesis of Selectively Protected Amino Sugars and Derivatives by a Direct Organocatalytic Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Grondal Christoph , Vrettou Marianna , Raabe Gerhard
Published: October 2005

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1,2‐Migration of 2′‐Oxoalkyl Group and Concomitant Synthesis of 2‐C‐Branched O‐, S‐Glycosides and Glycosyl Azides via 1,2‐Cyclopropanated Sugars.
Authors: Shao Huawu , Ekthawatchai Sanchai , Chen Chien‐Sheng , Wu Shih‐Hsiung , Zou Wei
Published: October 2005

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Xanthones from Garcinia cowa Roxb. Latex
Authors: Mahabusarakam W. , Chairerk P. , Taylor W. C.
Published: October 2005

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Syntheses via Isoxazolines. Part 27. Synthesis of L‐Carbafuranomycin, an Unnatural Analogue of the Antibiotic Amino Acid Furanomycin.
Authors: Lee Ja Young , Schiffer Guido , Jaeger Volker
Published: October 2005

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γ‐Alumina as a Support for Catalysts: A Review of Fundamental Aspects
Authors: Trueba Monica , Trasatti Stefano P.
Published: October 2005

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Metal Catalyst Design and Preparation in Control of Deactivation
Authors: Spencer Michael S. , Twigg Martyn V.
Published: October 2005

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Mechano‐chemical Effects on Synthesis of Ceramic Materials and Its Compositions
Authors: Wang Yanmin , Pan Zhidong
Published: October 2005

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Honeycomb Supports with High Thermal Conductivity for Gas/Solid Chemical Processes
Authors: Groppi Gianpiero , Tronconi Enrico
Published: October 2005

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Reactions of Metal‐Complexed Carbocyclic 4π Systems
Authors: Gleiter Rolf , Werz Daniel B.
Published: October 2005

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Development in the Green Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonate from Carbon Dioxide Using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Sun Jianmin , Fujita Shin‐ichiro , Arai Masahiko
Published: October 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Olefinations of Aryl Halides (Heck Reaction) and Related Transformations
Authors: Beller Matthias , Zapf Alexander , Riermeier Thomas H.
Published: October 2005

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Manganese‐Based Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Brinksma Jelle , de Boer Johannes W. , Hage Ronald , Feringa Ben L.
Published: October 2005

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Modern Oxidation of Alcohols Using Environmentally Benign Oxidants
Authors: Arends I. W. C. E. , Sheldon R. A.
Published: October 2005

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The Conjugate Addition Reaction
Authors: Alexakis A.
Published: October 2005

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Zinc‐Mediated Reactions
Authors: Jacobi von Wangelin Axel , Frederiksen Mathias U.
Published: October 2005

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Homometallic Lanthanoids in Synthesis: Lanthanoid Triflate Catalyzed Synthetic Reactions
Authors: Kobayashi Shu
Published: October 2005

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Catalytic Enantioselective Alkylation of Alkenes by Chiral Metallocenes
Authors: Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: October 2005

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Coupling of Aryl and Alkyl Halides with Organoboron Reagents (Suzuki Reaction)
Authors: Zapf Alexander
Published: October 2005

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Sonochemistry and Sonoluminescence in Ionic Liquids, Molten Salts, and Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Flannigan David J. , Hopkins Stephen D. , Suslik Kenneth S.
Published: October 2005

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Mechanism‐Based Inactivators of Plant Copper/Quinone Containing Amine Oxidases
Authors: Longu Silvia , Mura Anna , Padiglia Alessandra , Medda Rosaria , Floris Giovanni
Published: October 2005

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Behavioral and Neurochemical Alterations Following Thiamine Deficiency in Rodents: Relationship to Functions of Cholinergic Neurons
Authors: Nakagawasai Osamu
Published: October 2005

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Toward the Ideal Organic Light‐Emitting Diode. The Versatility and Utility of Interfacial Tailoring by Cross‐Linked Siloxane Interlayers
Authors: Veinot Jonathan G. C. , Marks Tobin J.
Published: October 2005

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Cholesterol and Antidepressant Drug Interactions with Phospholipids: A Solid‐State NMR Study
Authors: Santos J. S. , Lee D. K. , Hallock K. J. , Ramamoorthy A.
Published: October 2005

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Diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum
Authors: Nonaka Daisuke , Kusamura Shigeki , Baratti Dario , Casali Paolo , Cabras Antonello Domenico , Younan Rami , Rosai Juan , Deraco Marcello
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND

In the current study, the authors report the clinicopathologic features of patients with peritoneal diffuse malignant mesothelioma (DMM) who were treated in a uniform fashion at a single institution to assess prognostic factors.

METHODS

Thirty‐five patients were treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion (IPHP). The tumors were classified into epithelial, sarcomatoid, and biphasic types. Immunohistochemistry stains were performed for calretinin, WT‐1, pCEA, Ber‐EP4, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p16, matrix metalloprotease‐2 (MMP‐2), and MMP‐9. Statistical correlation was evaluated for age, gender, completeness of cytoreduction (CC), tumor histotype, mitotic count (MC), necrosis, nuclear grade (NG), and biologic markers with regard to overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).

RESULTS

The patient group was comprised of 15 men and 20 women with a median age of 52 years (range, 24–73 yrs). Twenty‐five patients underwent optimal cytoreduction. There were 32 epithelial tumors and 3 biphasic tumors, and 3 patients had an NG of 1, 19 had an NG of 2, and 13 had an NG of 3. The mean MC was 14.1 (range, 0–160 per 50 high‐power fields). Necrosis was present in 11 cases. All the tumors were found to be positive for calretinin and WT‐1 and were negative for pCEA and Ber‐EP4. The NG and MC were found to be significantly associated with OS (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively) whereas CC was found to be associated with both OS (P = 0.05) and PFS (P = 0.03). No biologic markers were found to be of prognostic significance.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current study indicate that NG, MC, and CC may be useful prognostic factors in patients treated with CRS and IPHP. The expression of EGFR, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 and absent and/or reduced expression of p16 in DMMs confirms the results of previous studies suggesting their role in tumor pathogenesis and kinetics. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The pluripotency homeobox gene NANOG is expressed in human germ cell tumors
Authors: Hart Adam H. , Hartley Lynne , Parker Karen , Ibrahim Marilyn , Looijenga Leendert H.J. , Pauchnik Marija , Chow Chung Wo , Robb Lorraine
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND

The NANOG gene, a member of the homeobox family of DNA binding transcription factors, was recently identified in a screen for pluripotency‐promoting genes. NANOG overexpression in murine embryonic stem cells is sufficient to maintain self‐renewal and to block differentiation. The NANOG gene is located on human chromosome 12p13, a region frequently duplicated in human tumors of germ cell origin and in cultured human embryonic stem cells. Here we investigate the expression and gene copy number of NANOG in human germ cells and tumors of germ cell origin.

METHODS

Immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) were used to examine the expression and gene copy number of the human NANOG gene in germ cell tumors.

RESULTS

NANOG protein was detected in germline stem cells (gonocytes) within the developing testis. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time PCR analysis were used to demonstrate that NANOG is highly and specifically expressed in carcinoma in situ (CIS), embryonal carcinomas, and seminomas, but not in teratomas and yolk sac tumors.

CONCLUSIONS

NANOG expression in germline stem cells (gonocytes), CIS, embryonal carcinoma, and seminoma reveals a molecular and developmental link between germ cell tumors and the embryonic cells from which they arise. Identification of NANOG as a molecular marker of undifferentiated germ cell tumors provides a novel tool for identifying and classifying tumors of germ cell origin. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Arnold Christian N. , Goel Ajay , Blum Hubert E. , Richard Boland C.
Published: October 2005

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer‐related death in both men and woman in industrialized countries. Major advances have been made in our understanding of molecular events leading to formation of adenomatous polyps and cancer. Most colorectal cancers are sporadic, but a significant proportion (5–6%) has a clear genetic background. It is now widely accepted that colorectal carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving the inactivation of a variety of tumor‐suppressor and DNA‐repair genes and simultaneous activation of certain oncogenes. In addition, epigenetic alterations through aberrant promoter methylation and histone modification have been found to play a major role in the evolution and progression of a large proportion of sporadic colon cancers. Consequently, it is now apparent that individual colorectal cancers may evolve through diverse molecular pathways. In this article, the authors have summarized the current knowledge of molecular pathogenesis in common hereditary syndromes and sporadic forms of colorectal cancer. Novel molecular diagnostic tools for the early diagnosis and prevention of colorectal cancer that have emerged from these insights are discussed. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Alkylidene‐tetrahydrofurans Based on a [3+2] Cyclization/Bromination/Palladium(0) Cross‐Coupling Strategy
Authors: Bellur Esen , Langer Peter
Published: October 2005

The bromination of 2‐alkylidene‐tetrahydrofurans and 2‐alkylidene‐pyrrolidines — readily available through one‐pot [3+2] cyclization reactions — afforded 2‐alkylidene‐1′‐bromotetrahydrofurans, 2‐alkylidene‐3‐bromotetrahydrofurans and 2‐alkylidene‐1′,3‐dibromotetrahydrofurans and their pyrrolidine counterparts. 2‐Alkylidene‐1′‐bromotetrahydrofurans were functionalized by performing Suzuki and Heck reactions. 2‐Alkylidene‐1′,3‐dibromotetrahydrofurans were successfully employed in novel double‐Suzuki reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Enantioselective Organocatalysis in Ionic Liquids: Addition of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Ketones to Diethyl Azodicarboxylate
Authors: Kotrusz Peter , Alemayehu Sara , Toma Štefan , Schmalz Hans‐Günther , Adler Andreas
Published: October 2005

The enantioselective addition of aldehydes to diethyl azodicarboxylate in ionic liquids in the presence of chiralorganocatalysts has been investigated. Of seven differentorganocatalysts tested, L‐proline and L‐thiazoline‐2‐carboxylic acid gave the highest enantioselectivities (up to 94 % ee). The best results were obtained by using [bmim]PF6 and [hmim]BF4 as ionic liquids. The scope of the methodology was probed by using various aldehydes and ketones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
SSRIs and cognitive performance in a working sample
Authors: Wadsworth Emma J. K. , Moss Susanna C. , Simpson Sharon A. , Smith Andrew P.
Published: October 2005

Background

Studies of the impact of antidepressant use on cognitive performance have frequently been carried out among the elderly or on healthy volunteers. Comparatively little research has considered their impact on a relatively young, working population, particularly within the context of everyday life.

Aims

To examine any association between SSRI use and cognitive performance, mood and human error at work.

Methods

SSRI users and controls completed a battery of laboratory based computer tasks measuring mood and cognitive function pre‐ and post‐work at the start and end of a working week. They also completed daily diaries reporting their work performance.

Results

SSRI use was associated with memory impairment: specifically poorer episodic, though not working or semantic memory. Effects of SSRI use on recognition memory seemed to vary according to the underlying psychopathology, while effects on delayed recall were most pronounced among those whose symptoms had not (yet) resolved. There were no detrimental effects on psychomotor speed, attention, mood or perceived human error at work.

Conclusions

The findings lend support to the SSRIs comparative safety, even among workers, particularly as the symptoms of the underlying psychopathology are successfully addressed. Possible memory impairments may, however, be found in those taking SSRIs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hamartin and tuberin: Working together for tumour suppression
Authors: Jozwiak Jaroslaw
Published: October 2005

TSC1 and TSC2 are two recently identified tumour suppressor genes encoding hamartin and tuberin, respectively, and involved in pathogenesis of tuberous sclerosis, neurological disorder connected with the development of hamartomas in numerous organ systems, including the brain, kidneys, heart and liver. Both protein products of TSC1 and TSC2 form an intracellular complex exerting GTPase‐activating (GAP) activity towards a small G protein, Ras homologue enriched in brain (Rheb). Inhibition of Rheb is important for the regulation of mTOR pathway, while mutation of hamartin or tuberin results in uncontrolled cell cycle progression. Tuberin, possessing the Rheb‐GAP domain, is phosphorylated by several kinases that confer the signals of growth factor stimulation or low cellular energy levels. Such a modification of tuberin influences its activity within the complex with hamartin and positively or negatively modulates mTOR‐regulated protein translation and cellular proliferation. Current article describes biochemical properties of hamartin and tuberin, their known regulatory phosphorylation sites and binding partners. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.