bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI)/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Hydrocortisone in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Asad Faisal , Sahito Abdul Aziz , Moin Madiha , Ikhlaq Urwah , Ubedullah . , Rahman Fasih Ur
Published: March 2022

Objective: The purpose of study was to assess the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and hydrocortisone in patients with COVID-19 and their outcome during hospitalization.

Materials and Methods: A clinical comparative prospective hospital-based study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonology & Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Dow University of Medical & Health Sciences, Karachi in patients positive for COVID-19 infection during their hospitalization. A comparative analysis was performed between two groups, i) those who received an injection of hydrocortisone and ii) those who received oral ACEi/ARB. All the baselines and clinical variables were recorded in a structured questionnaire and the data were evaluated in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. A p-value of <0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results: The final analysis was performed on 130 patients among them 68 patients received an injection of hydrocortisone and 62 patients received the tablet ACEi/ARB, which ever indicated. Patients who need injection hydrocortisone were older than patients who received ACEi/ARB, 58.37±15.20 and 51.01±90.22. Patients who received injection hydrocortisone were more likely to receive mechanical ventilation support as compared to other groups, 11.7% vs. 4.8%, respectively, p-value 0.02. The overall mortality rate was 10% (n = 13) in both groups in which a higher number of deaths was observed in patients who were taking ACEi/ARB as compared to patients who were receiving injection hydrocortisone, 12.9% vs. 7.3%, respectively, but it had an insignificant association, p-value 0.17.

Conclusion: We have observed in our study that patients who received an injection of hydrocortisone had lower rates of mortality irrespective of their gender and age while patients who received ACEi/ARB during hospitalization had lower complications rate but higher mortality rates.
Statin as a Risk Factor for Cataract in Cases of Antioxidant Gene Polymorphism in Pakistani Population
Authors: Mahmood Atif , Aziz Qamer , Nangrejo Ruqaya , Siddiqui Iftikhar Ahmed , Soomro Mohammad Saleh , Aziz Iffat Ara
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Cataract is main cause of reversible blindness and visual impairment. Risk factors include anti-hyperlipidemic drugs such as statin. However, the mechanism of statins as a risk factor for cataracts is not clear. The antioxidant effect of statin is reported in some studies while other studies showed negative results. This study was conducted to understand the association of cataract in statin users with antioxidant gene abnormalities.

Objective: To investigate the risk factor of statin in the formation of cataracts in the Pakistani population.

Methods: This was a multi-centric case-control study in Karachi, Pakistan between September 2019 and 2020. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at rs2070424 locus for superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene, at rs1050450  for glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and rs7943316 locus for catalase (CAT), were examined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using high resolution melting curve (HRM) technique in 250 cataract patients.

Results: The risk ratio with statin was seen and found that it was 1.5 times increased in SOD1 gene mutations, the statin benefit was 1.2 times reduced in GPX gene mutation and ratio was 1.1 in the CAT gene mutations.

Conclusion: Statin is a risk factor for cataracts in those patients who have mutated antioxidant genes. The risk ratio of cataracts was found to be increased in the mutated genes of patients compared with non-mutated ones. This study proved the effect of statin as a risk factor associated with antioxidant genes in the development of cataracts in the Pakistani population.
A Case Report on Sphenoidal Sinusitis with Brain Abscess in a 16 Year Old
Authors: Arthanareeswaran S. , Nithya R. , Gayathri M. , Jose Merlin , Monica B. , Muthuselvi R.
Published: March 2022

A pyogenic infection-induced brain abscess is rare, and usually affects immunocompromised people. Brain imaging and bacterial culture from the infection site are used to diagnose a brain abscess. An effective treatment method is surgical resection combined with antibiotic treatment with bacteria-sensitive antibiotics for a sufficient period of time.

Presentation of the Case: A 16-year-old boy was confirmed to have Sphenoidal Sinusitis. The patient had been diagnosed with dengue fever three weeks ago and corona infection four months ago. And finally, he was diagnosed with Sphenoidal Sinusitis which manifested as severe headache, vomiting, and fever. He underwent bilateral Functional Endoscopy Sinus Surgery (FESS), sphenoidotomy and also temporal craniotomy and evacuation of abscess.

Conclusion: The treatment of a brain abscess requires early diagnosis, appropriate surgical treatment, and adequate duration of therapy with effective antibiotics.
Study on Molecular Basis of Cancer Induced Angiogenesis
Authors: Sanikommu Adithi , Vaddi Sai Akshita , Yeddula Vandana , Manikyala Lakshmi Saatvika , Kommineni Chaitanya Krishna , Sanikommu Lakshmi Prasanna , Talla Susmitha Rani , Vemuri Praveen Kumar
Published: March 2022

Cancer is a disease caused by defective cells that have an uncontrollable ability to proliferate without regard for the physiological organ. Cancer is a complicated multi-factorial, multi-staged, and multi-mechanistic disease. Within the initiation and course of manifestation, it comprises the interaction of environmental and host elements. Inherited genetic dispositions have a significant role in 5-10% of breast cancer cases and 5- 13% of colon cancer cases. Viral infections cause about 7% of cancer fatalities in developed countries; 4% are due to occupational hazards; 2% are due to sunlight; 2% are due to pollution of air, water, and soil; and less than 1% are due to food components and business products.
End to end comparison of surface‐guided imaging versus stereoscopic X‐rays for the SRS treatment of multiple metastases with a single isocenter using 3D anthropomorphic gel phantoms
Authors: Bry Victoria , Saenz Daniel , Pappas Evangelos , Kalaitzakis Georgios , Papanikolaou Nikos , Rasmussen Karl
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Two end‐to‐end tests evaluate the accuracy of a surface‐guided radiation therapy (SGRT) system (CRAD Catalyst HD) for position verification in comparison to a stereoscopic x‐ray imaging system (Brainlab Exactrac ) for single‐isocenter, multiple metastases stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using 3D polymer gel inserts.

Materials and methods

A 3D‐printed phantom (Prime phantom, RTsafe PC, Athens, Greece) with two separate cylindrical polymer gel inserts were immobilized in open‐face masks and treated with a single isocentric, multitarget SRS plan. Planning was done in Brainlab (Elements) to treat five metastatic lesions in one fraction, and initial setup was done using cone beam computed tomography. Positional verification was done using orthogonal X‐ray imaging (Brainlab Exactrac) and/or a surface imaging system (CRAD Catalyst HD, Uppsala, Sweden), and shift discrepancies were recorded for each couch angle. Forty‐two hours after irradiation, the gel phantom was scanned in a 1.5 Tesla MRI, and images were fused with the patient computed tomography data/structure set for further analysis of spatial dose distribution.

Results

Discrepancies between the CRAD Catalyst HD system and Brainlab Exactrac were <1 mm in the translational direction and <0.5° in the angular direction at noncoplanar couch angles. Dose parameters (DMean%, D95%) and 3D gamma index passing rates were evaluated for both setup modalities for each planned target volume (PTV) at a variety of thresholds: 3%/2 mm (Exactrac≥93.1% and CRAD ≥87.2%), 5%/2 mm (Exactrac≥95.6% and CRAD ≥94.6%), and 5%/1 mm (Exactrac≥81.8% and CRAD ≥83.7%).

Conclusion

Dose metrics for a setup with surface imaging was found to be consistent with setup using x‐ray imaging, demonstrating high accuracy and reproducibility for treatment delivery. Results indicate the feasibility of using surface imaging for position verification at noncoplanar couch angles for single‐isocenter, multiple‐target SRS using end‐to‐end quality assurance (QA) testing with 3D polymer gel dosimetry.
Area‐Selective Atomic Layer Deposition Using Vapor Dosing of Short‐Chain Alkanethiol Inhibitors on Metal/Dielectric Surfaces
Authors: Lee Jeongbin , Lee Jeong‐Min , Ahn Ji‐Hoon , Park Tae Joo , Kim Woo‐Hee
Published: March 2022

Area‐selective atomic layer deposition (AS‐ALD) has enormous potential for selective formation of thin films in a bottom‐up additive fashion on predefined areas. Despite significant efforts in a number of AS‐ALD processes using bulky self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) with long alkyl chains as inhibitor molecules on non‐growth areas, there is increasing interest in achieving selective deposition compatible with complex 3D structures with smaller technology nodes in the semiconductor industry. In this work, a process is introduced that allows selective deposition with short‐chain alkanethiols as vapor‐phase inhibitors. For this purpose, 1‐hexanethiol and 1‐propanethiol are used to selectively deactivate the Cu region relative to the SiO2 region as a model metal/oxide system. Using discrete feeding of both alkanethiols, their blocking capability is explored against subsequent Ru ALD. To improve their blocking ability toward achieving better selectivity for thicker films at higher numbers of ALD cycles, a combined strategy is further demonstrated that involves periodically correcting procedures composed of consecutive “selective lift‐off of residual film moieties” and “regeneration of alkanethiols” to restore the surface‐deactivating capability on the non‐growth areas. Current approaches toward practical enablement of AS‐ALD using short‐chain inhibitors can open up the possibility for advanced bottom‐up nanofabrication compatible with next‐generation nanoelectronic applications.
Subwavelength Grating Metamaterial Multimode Bend for Silicon Waveguides
Authors: MacKay Kevan K. , Wang Shurui , Cheben Pavel , Ye Winnie N.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a novel multimode waveguide implemented on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) platform that supports several transverse (TE)/transverse magnetic (TM) modes across a broad range of wavelengths is experimentally demonstrated. The fully etched metamaterial design combines a gradient curvature bend with trapezoidal subwavelength grating segments and tapered concentric bridging strips. The simulations showed successful propagation of up to nine modes (5 TE and 4 TM) on the 340 nm SOI platform, with excess losses below 2.4 dB, and intermodal cross‐talk of less than −15.7 dB. Experimentally, a compact multimode bend with a radius of 10 µm on a 220 nm SOI platform is demonstrated that successfully supports four TE modes, with average signal‐to‐cross‐talk extinction ratio levels of 14.4 dB or better, across a wavelength band of 1500–1600 nm. This versatile multimode waveguide bend can be employed as a fundamental building block for densely integrated photonic circuits and mode multiplexing systems.
Multifield Controlled Terahertz Modulator Based on Silicon‐Vanadium Dioxide Hybrid Metasurface
Authors: Zhao Xilai , Lou Jing , Xu Xing , Yu Ying , Wang Guangming , Qi Jiahua , Zeng Lanxuan , He Jing , Liang Jiangang , Huang Yindong , Zhang Dongping , Chang Chao
Published: March 2022

Despite flourishing and deepening trend in the terahertz (THz) field, there are still challenges in high‐performance active system components, such as THz modulators. Present THz modulators are typically limited to a single external driving field and the fixed switching speed, hindering the ability to flexibly manipulate THz waves. Here, an optically and thermally controlled THz modulator based on silicon (Si) and vanadium dioxide (VO2) hybrid metasurface is proposed to overcome these limitations. The modulator enables the dynamical control of the transmitted amplitude in the range of 0.4–1.8 THz. Under thermal management, a maximum modulation depth (MD) of 97.2% at 0.9 THz can be acquired, thanks to the phase transition of VO2. Once excited with an 800 nm pump light at 1600 µJ cm−2, the device achieves a maximum MD of 91.5% at 0.87 THz accomplished with an ultrafast speed of 2 ps, resulting from photogenerated carriers in the Si substrate. Furthermore, the findings of this study propose a promising strategy for developing multifield controlled active THz components, which would be a new paradigm to design switchable metasurface devices.
Gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: Risk factors and prophylactic treatments for prevention of peritoneal recurrence after curative intent surgery
Authors: Huang Biying , Rouvelas Ioannis , Nilsson Magnus
Published: March 2022

Aim

Relapse after curative treatment for advanced gastric cancer, and especially peritoneal recurrence, is very common and has a dismal prognosis. The aim of this review is to summarize existing evidence regarding risk factors and prophylactic treatments intending to prevent peritoneal recurrence.

Methods

A structured search of relevant studies was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.

Results

The main risk factors identified are advanced pathological T‐stage (pT ≥ 3), regional lymph node involvement, diffuse/poorly cohesive type tumor, poorly differentiated cancer, and positive peritoneal wash cytology. Systemic chemotherapy in the perioperative or adjuvant setting improves survival for the patients but despite this peritoneal recurrence remains a common and yet an unsolved clinical problem. Different approaches of intraperitoneal chemotherapy such as hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy have shown promising results as prophylactic treatments aiming to prevent peritoneal recurrence.

Conclusion

Future studies are warranted to find safe and effective treatments to prevent peritoneal recurrence.
Target high‐efficiency ionic liquids to promote H2SO4‐catalyzed C4 alkylation by machine learning
Authors: Zheng Weizhong , Ma Zhihong , Sun Weizhen , Zhao Ling
Published: March 2022

To predict and rationally design high‐efficiency ionic liquids (ILs) additives for H2SO4‐catalyzed alkylation, the quantitative structure–activity relationship between 11,000 ILs and interfacial properties of H2SO4 alkylation was established by combination of molecular dynamics simulation, semi‐empirical density function theory, and machine learning. The results indicate that ILs additives with longer alkyl chain can significantly broaden interfacial thickness and decrease interfacial tension, in which the cation‐ and anion‐based descriptors play a synergistic prominent role. Based on the intensified interfacial properties, series of novel ILs additives with different alkyl chain length in both cations and anions are prepared, which present the ability to efficiently promote catalytic performance of H2SO4 at trace addition amount and increase research octane number (RON) of alkylate up to 98.08 from 95.87 in pure H2SO4 system. This work provides a strategy for prediction and rational design of high‐efficiency additives to enhance the liquid–liquid interfacial properties.
Novel RETREG1 (FAM134B) founder allele is linked to HSAN2B and renal disease in a Turkish family
Authors: Taşdelen Elifcan , Calame Daniel G. , Akay Gulsen , Mitani Tadahiro , Fatih Jawid M. , Herman Isabella , Du Haowei , Coban‐Akdemir Zeynep , Marafi Dana , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Posey Jennifer E. , Gibbs Richard A. , Altıparmak Taylan , Kutlay Nüket Yürür , Lupski James R. , Pehlivan Davut
Published: March 2022

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2B (HSAN2B) is a rare autosomal recessive peripheral neuropathy caused by biallelic variants in RETREG1 (formerly FAM134B). HSAN2B is characterized by sensory impairment resulting in skin ulcerations, amputations, and osteomyelitis as well as variable weakness, spasticity, and autonomic dysfunction. Here, we report four affected individuals with recurrent osteomyelitis, ulceration, and amputation of hands and feet, sensory neuropathy, hyperhidrosis, urinary incontinence, and renal failure from a family without any known shared parental ancestry. Due to the history of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and microcytic anemia, a diagnosis of Majeed syndrome was considered; however, sequencing of LPIN2 was negative. Family‐based exome sequencing (ES) revealed a novel homozygous ultrarare RETREG1 variant NM_001034850.2:c.321G>A;p.Trp107Ter. Electrophysiological studies of the proband demonstrated axonal sensorimotor neuropathy predominantly in the lower extremities. Consistent with the lack of shared ancestry, the coefficient of inbreeding calculated from ES data was low (F = 0.002), but absence of heterozygosity (AOH) analysis demonstrated a 7.2 Mb AOH block surrounding the variant consistent with a founder allele. Two of the four affected individuals had unexplained renal failure which has not been reported in HSAN2B cases to date. Therefore, this report describes a novel RETREG1 founder allele and suggests renal failure may be an unrecognized feature of the RETREG1‐disease spectrum.
Amyoplasia in monochorionic monozygotic pregnancy following interstitial laser
Authors: Gupta Rachna , Sharma Akshatha
Published: March 2022

Amyoplasia is a specific form of arthrogryposis, without any genetic cause. Six to ten percent of amyoplasia cases are one of the monozygotic twins, with the other twin being normal. Failure of maturation of anterior horn cells (AHCs) due to ischemic injury has been postulated as the primary pathological change, leading to arrest in the development of muscle fibers supplied by the affected AHCs with the typical limb positioning seen in amyoplasia. Twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is an important risk factor for ischemic injury in monozygotic twin pregnancies. We present a case of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy with features of TTTS at 12 weeks who underwent interstitial laser followed by the development of lower limb akinesia in the surviving fetus. Possible causes of amyoplasia are discussed.
Gut microbiota modulation and gold nanoparticle‐mediated photothermal therapy for treatment of recalcitrant acne
Authors: Seo Jimyung , Roh Hyo Jin , Jung Jin Young
Published: March 2022

Recent studies highlight that gut dysbiosis, an imbalanced state of intestinal microbiota, exacerbates skin inflammation. Here, we showed the presence of gut microbiota alterations in two patients with recalcitrant acne and investigated the impact of its therapeutic modulation together with gold nanoshell‐mediated photothermal therapy (gold PTT).
IoT based cyber forensics in big data optimization and privacy using deep neural anomaly detection with Hadoop clustering and convolution based Adam optimizer
Authors: Venugopal Sabaresan , Rengaswamy Ramesh , Winster Sathianesan Godfrey
Published: March 2022

The reliability of the digital forensic system mainly lies in its ability to detect the attack on time and minimize the security risk associated with the Internet of Things (IoT) device. The existing machine learning architectures mainly suffered from different complexities while processing the attack features such as increased processing time, high manual intervention, complexity to handle large datasets, and low prediction accuracy. To overcome these issues, this article proposes a novel deep learning architecture for data forensics. The low generalization capability of the neural network is handled via the Hadoop clustering and convolution‐based ADAM (CADAM) optimizer approach for improving the optimization capability of the model. In this way, the privacy of the model is improved. The efficiency of the proposed CADAM optimized deep neural network architecture is evaluated by using the UNSW‐NB15 and Bot‐IoT datasets. The proposed model offers improved performance in terms of runtime, precision, sensitivity, specificity, latency, cost, ROCAUC curve, and anomalous traffic when compared with the existing techniques. From the experiments carried out, we can conclude that the proposed framework revealed higher performance to discover and prevent cyber‐attacks against other conventional approaches.
Network topology generation based on eigenvector centrality with real‐time guarantee
Authors: He Feng , Wang Zhiyu , Gu Xiaoyan
Published: March 2022

The real‐time performance is a major concern of complex real‐time systems during information acquisition, transmission, processing, and application. The interactions among information within these systems constitute complicated information exchange networks. Network topology plays an important role in the behaviors of information interactions and interferes, which severely affects the real‐time performance of the whole systems. Methods such as synchronization‐based method or traffic balancing strategy are the main ideas that guide the construction of network topology. However, these methods could not consider the real‐time performance in the process of topology construction. This article proposes an automatic topology generation algorithm with real‐time guarantee. Specifically speaking, the nodes in the network are clustered to generate the network topology by introducing the concepts of node degree and eigenvector centrality to ensure the real‐time performance of the network. The position of the nodes in the network is determined by comparing the node degree and the communication factors. Analytic method and simulation method are used to verify the real‐time performance of the proposed algorithm. Results show that the real‐time performance of more than half of the total information exchanges is improved compared with the traffic balancing method and topology grouping method for an industrial‐scale networking case.
Growth of KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 Aluminum Fluoride Single Crystals by Bridgman Method
Authors: Wang Difeng , Lv Pan , Fang Lizhi , Zhou Xiong , Zhang Jianli , Xia Haiping , Song Hongwei , Chen Baojiu
Published: March 2022

Highly transparent KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 fluoride bulk single crystals in size of ≈Ф 50 mm × 10 mm are successfully grown for the first time by a modified Bridgman method. The physicochemical properties of the single crystals are investigated with the help of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), absorption spectrum, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectrum measurements. The KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 phases of the obtained single crystals are determined from the results of XRD. The melting points of KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 are measured to be ≈549 and ≈705 ℃ from their DTA curves. The maximum matrix phonon energies of KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 single crystals are 544 and 530 cm–1 from their Raman spectra. The KAlF4 single crystal shows high transmittance from 2000 to 5500 nm, while Na5Al3F14 from 950 to 6000 nm. The energy gaps of KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 are calculated to be 5.34 and 5.94 eV based on transmission spectra, respectively.
Novel disease state model finds most juvenile green turtles develop and recover from fibropapillomatosis
Authors: Kelley Jake R. , Kelley Kayla L. , Savage Anna E. , Mansfield Kate L.
Published: March 2022

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a sea turtle disease characterized by benign tumor development on the skin, eyes, and/or internal organs. It primarily affects juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in coastal foraging sites. The Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, USA, is a coastal green turtle foraging site where the observed FP annual rate averaged 49% between 1983 and 2018. While FP is no longer considered a major cause of sea turtle mortality and most individuals fully recover, the overall dynamics of this disease are poorly understood because prior disease history is unknown for individuals without FP at capture time, and future disease outcome is unknown for individuals with FP at capture time. To better evaluate FP dynamics for green turtles in the IRL, we developed a hierarchical model for predicting disease state change. We used data from 4149 captures of 3700 individual green turtles captured in the IRL. The hierarchical disease state model contained two levels: Level 1 modeled whether an individual would develop FP, and Level 2 modeled disease state progression, including states for pre‐FP affliction, active FP affliction, and full recovery from FP. From the hierarchical model, we estimated 99.8% (95% credibility intervals 99.1%–100%) of juvenile green turtles in the IRL developed FP, indicating that nearly every individual in the IRL is affected by this disease. The model also suggested that turtles quickly developed FP upon recruitment to the IRL and then recovered at different rates, with most completely recovering before emigrating from the IRL as they mature. This is the first analysis of long‐term sea turtle data suggesting nearly every turtle in an aggregation both develops and recovers from FP.
Effects of non‐caloric artificial sweeteners on naïve and dextran sodium sulfate‐exposed Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Hubrecht Inga , Baenas Nieves , Sina Christian , Wagner Anika E.
Published: March 2022

Saccharin and sucralose are worldwide used tabletop non‐caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS), and although they are considered metabolically inert and safe for consumption, recent studies observed an NAS‐mediated modulation of the intestinal microbiota, which may result in the development of intestinal inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the effects of NAS alone and in combination with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a chemical known to induce gut inflammation, on parameters of overall fitness including longevity and climbing ability of female Drosophila melanogaster. DSS‐exposed flies were subjected to saccharin or sucralose, and their effects on survival and the gene expression levels of different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were assessed. Saccharin supplementation significantly increased the lifespan of D. melanogaster, while DSS significantly decreased the survival in a dose‐dependent manner. Additionally, DSS exposure of flies resulted in a trend toward an up‐regulation of the mRNA levels of the AMPs, drosocin and metchnikowin. This effect was more pronounced in the NAS‐supplemented group reaching significance. This may indicate that NAS supplementation improves intestinal immune reactions during an inflammatory metabolic state.
Brain morphology, harm avoidance, and the severity of excessive internet use
Authors: Wan Li , Zha Rujing , Ren Jiecheng , Li Ying , Zhao Qian , Zuo Huilin , Zhang Xiaochu
Published: March 2022

As the previous studies have mainly focused on the reward system and the corresponding brain regions, the relationship between brain morphology and excessive internet use (EIU) were not clear; the purpose of the study was to investigate if the brain regions other than the reward system were associated with EIU. Data were acquired from 131 excessive internet users. Psychological measures included internet use, life quality, personality, mental illness symptoms, impulsivity, and thought suppression. The brain was scanned with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and six types of brain morphological indexes were calculated. Lasso regression methods were used to select the predictors. Stepwise linear regression methods were used to build the models and verify the model. The variables remaining in the model were left precentral (curve), left superior temporal (surface area), right cuneus (folding index), right rostral anterior cingulate (folding index), and harm avoidance. The independent variable was the EIU score of the worst week in the past year. The study found that the brain morphological indexes other than the reward system, including the left precentral (curve), the left superior temporal (surface area), the right cuneus (folding index), and the right rostral anterior cingulate (folding index), can predict the severity of EIU, suggesting an extensive change in the brain. In this study, a whole‐brain data analysis was conducted and it was concluded that the changes in certain brain regions were more predictive than the reward system and psychological measures or more important for EIU.
The instrumental role of operant paradigms in translational psychiatric research: Insights from a maternal immune activation model of schizophrenia risk
Authors: Deane Ashley R. , Ward Ryan D.
Published: March 2022

Rigorous behavioral analysis is essential to the translation of research conducted using animal models of neuropsychiatric disease. Here we discuss the use of operant paradigms within our lab as a powerful approach for exploring the biobehavioral bases of disease in the maternal immune activation rat model of schizophrenia. We have investigated a range of disease features in schizophrenia including abnormal perception of time, cognition, learning, motivation, and internal state (psychosis), providing complex insights into brain and behavior. Beyond simple phenotyping, implementing sophisticated operant procedures has been effective in delineating aspects of pathological behavior, identifying interacting pathologies, and isolating contributing mechanisms of disease. We provide comment on the strengths of operant techniques to support high‐quality behavioral investigations in fundamental neuropsychiatric research.
Increased prescription rate of anti‐infective agents after diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Rozema Johanne , Hoogendoorn Mels , Potma Iris , ten Seldam Inge , Veeger Nic J. G. M. , Kibbelaar Robby E. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. , van Roon Eric N. ,   the HemoBase Population Registry Consortium
Published: March 2022

The a priori risk for infections in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is unknown. This study examines prescription rates of anti‐infective agents in MDS patients before and after diagnosis, in both in‐ and outpatient settings, to provide information on infection management in clinical practice.

We performed a population‐based study using the HemoBase registry, containing data of all MDS patients diagnosed since 2005 in Friesland, the Netherlands. Community and hospital pharmacies provided prescription data from 1995 to 2020.

Data were obtained for 203 of 292 patients (70%). Patients received significantly more anti‐infective agents, predominantly antibacterials (70%), after diagnosis compared to before: 148.7 defined daily dose/1000 days (DID) (95% CI: 146.9–150.5) and 55.1 DID (95% CI: 54.5–55.8, p < 0.01), respectively, corresponding to median 23.5 and 7.6 treatment days/year. Higher‐risk (449.9 DID) and lower‐risk patients (129.1 DID) both received significantly more anti‐infective agents after diagnosis; comorbidities, neutropenia, and age did not show significant differences relative to prescription rates. Before diagnosis, 10% of patients had infection‐related hospital admissions versus 38% after diagnosis.

In conclusion, MDS patients received significantly more anti‐infective agents compared to before diagnosis. This is the first study that has quantified the prescription rate of anti‐infective agents within and beyond the clinical setting in MDS.
Breast Tissue Chemistry Measured In Vivo In Healthy Women Correlate with Breast Density and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Santamaría Gorane , Naude Natali , Watson Julia , Irvine John , Lloyd Thomas , Bennett Ian , Galloway Graham , Malycha Peter , Mountford Carolyn
Published: March 2022

Background

The relationship of tissue chemistry to breast density and cancer risk has not been documented despite breast density being a known risk factor.

Purpose

To investigate whether distinct chemical profiles associated with breast density and cancer risk are identified in healthy breast tissue using in vivo two‐dimensional correlated spectroscopy (2D COSY).

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

One‐hundred‐seven participants including 55 at low risk and 52 at high risk of developing breast cancer.

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T/ axial/ T1, T2, 2D COSY.

Assessment

Two radiologists defined breast density on T2. Interobserver variability assessed. Peak volumes normalized to methylene at (1.30, 1.30) ppm as internal shift reference.

Statistical Tests

Chi‐squared/Mann–Whitney/Kappa statistics/Kruskal Wallis/pairwise analyses. Significance level 0.05.

Results

Ten percentage were fatty breasts, 39% scattered fibroglandular, 35% heterogeneously dense, and 16% extremely dense. Interobserver variability was excellent (kappa = 0.817). Sixty percentage (64/107) were premenopausal. Four distinct tissue chemistry categories were identified: low‐density (LD)/premenopausal, high‐density (HD)/premenopausal, LD/postmenopausal, and HD/postmenopausal. Compared to LD, HD breast chemistry showed significant increases of cholesterol (235%) and lipid unsaturation (33%).

In the low‐risk category, postmenopausal women with dense breasts recorded the largest significant changes including cholesterol methyl 540%, lipid unsaturation 207%, glutamine/glutamate 900%, and choline/phosphocholine 800%.

In the high‐risk cohort, premenopausal women with HD recorded a more active chemical profile with significant increases in choline/phosphocholine 1100%, taurine/glucose 550% and cholesterol sterol 250%.

Data Conclusion

Four distinct chemical profiles were identified in healthy breast tissue based on breast density and menopausal status in participants at low and high risk. Gradual increase in neutral lipid content and metabolites was noted in both risk groups across categories in different order. In low risk, the HD postmenopausal category exhibited the highest metabolic activity, while women at high risk exhibited the highest lipid content and metabolic activity in the HD premenopausal category.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy Stage

3
The changing nature of the business processes in the knowledge economy – Action research
Authors: Szelągowski Marek , Berniak‐Woźny Justyna
Published: March 2022

The aim of the paper is to propose the authors' business process nature assessment method and to indicate how to use the data provided by it as guidance for implementing and developing business process management (BPM) in organisations operating in the present complex and dynamic knowledge economy (KE). The study is based on the existing research literature relating to BPM and knowledge management (KM), and thus investigating how the evolving KE affects the nature of business processes and thus the whole BPM ecosystem. The empirical section of the paper employs action research methodology. The data was collected through internal documentation analysis, interviews, workshops (focus groups), process modelling and, observation during workshops. This part of the study confirmed that the use of the proposed method allows for the diagnosis of the nature of business processes in the organisation, including the identification of the nature of the key processes and their characteristics, which allows selection of the optimal BPM implementation methodology. At the same time, the use of action research allows for efficient communication between management and the team implementing BPM, which has been shown to be a necessary condition for the successful implementation of BPM.
Rogers semilattices of limitwise monotonic numberings
Authors: Bazhenov Nikolay , Mustafa Manat , Tleuliyeva Zhansaya
Published: March 2022

Limitwise monotonic sets and functions constitute an important tool in computable structure theory. We investigate limitwise monotonic numberings. A numbering ν of a family is limitwise monotonic (l.m.) if every set is the range of a limitwise monotonic function, uniformly in k. The set of all l.m. numberings of S induces the Rogers semilattice . The semilattices exhibit a peculiar behavior, which puts them in‐between the classical Rogers semilattices (for computable families) and Rogers semilattices of ‐computable families. We show that every Rogers semilattice of a ‐computable family is isomorphic to some semilattice . On the other hand, there are infinitely many isomorphism types of classical Rogers semilattices which can be realized as semilattices . In particular, there is an l.m. family S such that is isomorphic to the upper semilattice of c.e. m‐degrees. We prove that if an l.m. family S contains more than one element, then the poset is infinite, and it is not a lattice. The l.m. numberings form an ideal (w.r.t. reducibility between numberings) inside the class of all ‐computable numberings. We prove that inside this class, the index set of l.m. numberings is ‐complete.
Comparison of the effect of psychosocial skills training on acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain intensity: The effectiveness of early intervention in the reduction of acute musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Shaygan Maryam , Hosseini Fahimeh A.
Published: March 2022

Background

Pain, as a psychological experience, is caused by complex interactions among sensory‐discriminative, motivational‐affective, and cognitive‐evaluative dimensions. The psychosocial approach is one of the important approaches in managing musculoskeletal pain in patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the effects of psychosocial skills training on pain intensity in patients with acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Methods

In this quasi‐experimental study, 64 patients with acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain were selected using convenience sampling. Both groups received psychosocial training in pain management in groups of 8–10 people over six 1‐h sessions. The data were collected at baseline, after the intervention, and 3 months later using a numerical rating scale (NRS). Then, the data were entered into the SPSS 22 software and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

In this study, the mean age of the participants was 50.10 ± 10.63 years and 60.9% of them were female. Based on the results, time had a significant effect on pain intensity (p < 0.001), but the effect of group on pain intensity was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). The group × time effect on pain intensity was also statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Psychosocial training had a positive impact on the reduction of pain among the patients with acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Additionally, the training was more effective in patients with acute pain due to early training. These findings can help healthcare providers in the field of musculoskeletal pain management, especially in patients with acute pain.
2022 SID Honors & Awards
Authors: Wilson Lori A.
Published: March 2022

The Society for Information Display's 2022 Honors and Awards are presented to those who have achieved outstanding innovations and offered significant contributions to the display industry. The recipients all have made tremendous accomplishments that have furthered research, pushed the boundaries of discovery, and improved technology.
The Value of 8K Video
Authors: Carey Des
Published: March 2022

The content creator's perspective on the value of 8K video capture is about more than just pixels. Greater resolution means a better way of storytelling throughout the entire creative process.
ID Asks/Johnson Lee
Authors: Peruvemba Sri
Published: March 2022

Building a Valuable Company with “E Ink on Every Smart Surface”
Mergers and Acquisitions in the Display Industry
Authors: Hendy Ian
Published: March 2022

This article includes Parts 1 and 2 in a three‐part series summarizing the outlook on the role of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the flat‐panel industry since its inception and beyond.∗
Display Week 2022 Technical Symposium Highlights
Authors: Wilson Lori A.
Published: March 2022

This premier gathering of researchers, technologists, and innovators will offer noteworthy presentations in displays and related technology.
Recovery and prediction of physical function 1 year following hip fracture
Authors: Beckmann Monica , Bruun‐Olsen Vigdis , Pripp Are Hugo , Bergland Astrid , Smith Toby , Heiberg Kristi Elisabeth
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To investigate the recovery of physical function, health related quality of life (HRQoL), and pain for people following hip fracture for the initial 12 months, and to examine whether postoperative outcome measures of physical function, HRQoL, and pain can predict physical function at 3 and 12 months.

Design

A prospective single‐center observational study, as part of the HIPFRAC trial. Settings: One hospital with two associated municipalities in Norway. Subjects: 207 participants with hip fracture included in the study (140 participants transferred to a short‐term nursing home placement and 67 transferred directly home at discharge from hospital).

Method

Outcome measures were Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up & Go (TUG), Stair climbing test (SC), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain at rest and in activity, and EQ‐5D‐5L index and health score. Data were analysed by repeated measures of variance and multivariate regression analyses.

Results

There were statistically significant improvements in physical function (SPPB total score and TUG), NRS‐pain in activity, and HRQoL (EQ‐5D‐5L) from hospital discharge to 3‐month follow‐up for the whole cohort and the two groups (p < 0.001). However, the largest improvements occurred within the first 3 months. Further statistically significant improvements occurred between 3 and 12 months (p < 0.05). The strongest predictors of physical function at 3 and 12 months post‐fracture were physical function (SPPB) at hospital discharge and pre‐fracture requirement of a walking aid.

Conclusion

The recovery of physical function, HRQoL, and pain in participants after hip fracture indicates gradual improvements during the initial 12‐month follow‐up, with the largest improvements within the first 3 months.
Pandemic transformations in migrant spaces: Migrant entrepreneurship between super‐digitalization and the new precarity
Authors: Andrejuk Katarzyna
Published: March 2022

The Covid‐19 pandemic has brought about new patterns in labour market activities, including greater frequency, intensity and sectoral diversification of technology‐mediated online work (super‐digitalization). The development of online professional activities, accelerated by the pandemic, has a profound influence on migrant entrepreneurship in many dimensions. While the phenomenon also concerns the native population and is not limited to foreigners, in the case of migrant entrepreneurs it has additional unique meanings and consequences, resulting from a greater significance of mobility for migrants and its restriction during the pandemic. The analysis discusses new phenomena, such as the emergence of pandemic digital nomads and the development of migrant business ventures characterized by a de‐ethnicized approach to customers. The theoretical framework for this analysis is the concept of super‐digitalization of professional activities as a privilege. Digitalization is not available to everyone, but it affects everyone; it also has consequences for offline migrant entrepreneurs by creating and enhancing new mechanisms of exclusion. The article emphasizes the difference between super‐digitalization and digitalization, which result in different outcomes for migrant entrepreneurs. The analysis is based on in‐depth interviews with 53 Polish migrant entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom.
Endoscopic image luminance enhancement based on the inverse square law for illuminance and retinex
Authors: Wang Longfei , Wu Baibo , Wang Xiang , Zhu Qingyi , Xu Kai
Published: March 2022

Background

In a single‐port robotic system where the 3D endoscope possesses two bending segments, only point light sources can be integrated at the tip due to space limitations. However, point light sources usually provide non‐uniform illumination, causing the endoscopic images to appear bright in the centre and dark near the corners.

Methods

Based on the inverse square law for illuminance, an initial luminance weighting is first proposed to increase the image luminance uniformity. Then, a saturation‐based model is proposed to finalise the luminance weighting to avoid overexposure and colour discrepancy, while the single‐scale retinex (SSR) scheme is employed for noise control.

Results

Via qualitative and quantitative comparisons, the proposed method performs effectively in enhancing the luminance and uniformity of endoscopic images, in terms of both visual perception and objective assessment.

Conclusions

The proposed method can effectively reduce the image degradation caused by point light sources.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Inhibition Properties of an Imidazoline Derivative on Q235 Corrosion in a Simulated Concrete Pore Solution
Authors: Wang Pengjie , Chen Qi , Xiong Liping , He Zhongyi , Pu Jibin , Zhang Renhui , Guo Lei
Published: March 2022

A novel imidazoline derivative has been synthesized and its molecular structure has been confirmed by IR, Raman, elemental analysis and NMR, the molecular structure of the inhibitor is similar to that of the previous research. In this paper, the inhibition performance and inhibition mechanism of the three inhibitors (SMID, SMIS and SMIF) in concrete simulation solution are analyzed and compared. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of SMIF (96.02 %) > SMIS (93.62 %)>SMID(93.01 %) in weight loss experiment, the SMIS of electrochemistry of Nyquist and potentiodynamic polarization were 89.72 % and 92.03 % respectively, which indicated that SMIS had good corrosion inhibition effect. Electrochemical experiments show that the SMIS belongs to anodic type, and the mechanism of SMIS can form a protective film on the surface Q235 and inhibit the charge transfer. The results of FTIR, EDS and XPS show that SMIS can be adsorbed on the surface of Q235, which is also confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulation (MD).
Consecutive Utilization of Mechanochemical and Microwave Methods for the Synthesis of Boc‐2‐amino‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and DFT Study of Mechanism 6π‐Diazaelectrocyclization Process
Authors: Antol Ivana , Glasovac Zoran , Murata Yasujiro , Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Margetić Davor
Published: March 2022

Two eco‐friendly synthetic methods were used consecutively in the preparation of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one heterocycles. The first reaction step, synthesis of a series of aryl guanidines was carried out by solvent‐free mechanochemical milling of aryl amines with 1H‐pyrazole‐N,N‐di‐(tert‐butyloxycarbonyl)‐1‐carboxamidine. In the following synthetic step, aryl guanidines were converted into Boc‐2‐amino‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones by microwave heating. The experimental studies were supplemented by detailed quantum chemical studies (DFT) of the reaction mechanism of 6π‐diazaelectrocyclization process, and the predicted reactivities and regioselectivities are consistent with the experimental observations.