bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reductive Acylation of Nitroarenes to Anilides by Sodium Sulfite in Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Ghaffarzadeh Mohammad , Akhavan Pegah
Published: September 2014

A facile and efficient reductive acylation of aromatic nitro compounds to corresponding anilides using a sodium sulfite–carboxylic acid system for the first time has been reported. The sodium sulfite reagent provides the colorless reductant in combination with stoichiometric amounts of carboxylic acid and enables the formation of anilides from nitroarenes without any additives in good to excellent yields with high purities and simple work-up. Furthermore, this protocol provides a novel and complementary access to some industrially important chemicals in kilogram scale under mild conditions.
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopic Observation of Double-wall TiO2 Nanotube Arrays at High Temperature
Authors: Xue Chaorui , Narushima Takashi , Ishida Yohei , Tokunaga Tomoharu , Yonezawa Tetsu
Published: September 2014

Double-wall TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared using an anodization method in a glycerol-containing electrolyte. In situ TEM observation of these samples at high temperature was carried out with and without oxygen injections. With oxygen injection, an improved thermal stability of the nanotubes at high temperature was observed. It may provide more detailed information about the calcination process of TiO2 nanotubes and assist its morphology and structure modulation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles by Vacuum Evaporation on Running Hydrocarbon Solution Containing Nonionic Surfactant in Cylindrical Glass Chamber
Authors: Ienaga Takashi , Nakahara Yoshio , Kimura Keiichi
Published: September 2014

This study reports the effective fabrication of monodisperse and spherical silver nanoparticles by vacuum evaporation on running hydrocarbon solution in a cylindrical glass chamber. In this synthesis, a nonionic surfactant, sorbitan monooleate, was added to the reaction medium as the protective agent for the nanoparticles, and the effect of its concentration on the particle size was investigated in detail using transmission electron microscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy.
Dense Core–Mesoporous Outer Layer Scattering Beads for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Lei Lei , Yang Songwang , Gao Qianqian , Xie Junjie , Li Jiaqing , Cao Qipeng , Liu Yan
Published: September 2014

A new scattering particle structure, dense core–mesoporous outer layer beads, was designed and synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method. Though the particle size was much larger than that of the conventionally used scattering particles, the photovoltaic performance was superior to that of 500-nm rutile particles owing to the large surface area and effective scattering effect.
Youth as a Strategic Reserve of Manpower: Assessing Demographic, Social, Family and Youth Politics of the Russian Federation
Authors: Ловчева  , Lovcheva Marina
Published: September 2014

Youth outreach should be oriented at facilitating a better and more fulfilling life for the next generation of this country’s citizens and ensuring them to be

morally and physically healthy, professionally competent and respectful of their native country.

Based on assessment and comparisons of certain aspects in demographic, social and family politics of the RF and other countries, it is possible, the author

argues, to draw conclusions concerning the effectiveness of the Russian Federation youth politics and to outline ways to improve it.
Modern Approaches to Developing HR Management Motivational Strategy
Authors: Борисова  , Borisova N.
Published: September 2014

The paper considers features of personnel motivation within contemporary terms of shifting towards the innovation-driven economy. Innovations are sought-after

in all spheres of human activities, yet to satisfy this acute demand proper arrangements are needed, and above all — to have the organizational staff to

deeply understand the need of and take an interest in innovations. As the subject of research the paper considers innovations-oriented motivational strategy

together with its tools and incentive methods. Modern theory of motivation is discussed in two aspects: as a function of HR management as a stimulus to the

personnel innovative potential/ Revealed are specific features and structure of up-to-date effective motivational systems, theoretic proof is provided for building

algorithms for such systems. Innovations-oriented motivational strategy is highlighted as a basic trend in the development of motivational systems. Thorough

attention is given to considering current personnel motivation systems, which are aimed at revealing and enhancing innovative potential of workers; the author

proposes a methodology on how to arrange personnel innovation-oriented training. Further specifics of corporate training are outlined and recommendations

on how to improve efficiency of personnel appraisal. As the most promising in terms of staff innovation potential development, the author analyses such tools,

as business-trainings, coaching, motivational business projects and business processes. The author’s findings allows to identify the leading trends in HR management

development applicable in the context of developing innovation-driven economy in this country.
Sustainable Economic Development of the Russian Federation and Its Federal Districts
Authors: Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena
Published: September 2014

The technique for assessing sustainability of regional economic development

based on applying diagnostics of system sustainability failure is used to explore

dynamics of economic development of the Russian Federation and federal

districts. The degree of development sustainability is assessed by dispersion of

economic growth rates. The author’s findings reveal the increasing lack of

sustainability in the development of the Russian economy as for the period of

2011–2013, which means that a new economic crisis may happen. Differences

in the economic development of the federal districts in the period of 2008–2012

are observed. During the 2011–2012 period the Central, Northwest, Southern,

North Caucasus, Volga, Urals and Siberian federal districts showed sustainable

economic development. The economic development of the Far Eastern federal

district showed the lack of sustainability and recessionary production decline.
Casualty Collection Points Optimization: A Study for the District of Columbia
Authors: Apte Aruna , Heidtke Curtis , Salmerón Javier
Published: September 2014

A casualty collection point (CCP) is a single, predetermined location that is organized, staffed, and equipped to provide decontamination (if required), emergency medical assessment, treatment, and, where necessary, onward transportation of victims of a mass casualty incident. Emergency planners in the District of Columbia have recognized the desirability of developing a tool to assist planners in selecting CCPs within the affected area following a major incident. We develop a CCP optimization model (CCPOM) that provides planners and policymakers with strategic and operational insights into the complex problem of selecting optimal CCP locations to maximize casualty throughput for a range of incident parameters. Even more relevant, the CCPOM determines the utilization of personnel, decontamination units, and ambulances, providing planners with a general structure for resource allocation and signaling shortfalls that may lead to bottlenecks in casualty processing at the CCPs. District planners found many nonintuitive CCPOM results to be significant to their planning, programming, and budgeting efforts, and now consider the model's categorized resource utilization to be an integral part in updating District plans for both national special security event planning and everyday events.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy—genetic causes and ethical challenges for clinical care
Authors: Dent Timothy , Skirton Heather
Published: September 2014

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young adults and often occurs without warning as the primary disease event. The autosomal dominant inheritance pattern precipitates a 1:2 (50%) chance of being affected for future generations, with a diagnosis being synonymous with a spectrum of cardiac pathologies. The locus heterogeneity of HCM affects the cardiac sarcomere resulting in increased risk of cardiovascular death, stroke and the decompensation of left-ventricular function. Recent government initiatives recognise the NHS as instrumental in effective care in this inherited condition, with emphasis placed on responsiveness and a patient-focused approach. Widening public interest in genetics and advances in genome sequencing have seen the emergence of presymptomatic testing, which raises many ethical questions. The confidential nature of genetic information potentially denies other family members access to genetic testing and early clinical screening that could be vital to diagnosis. Genetic counsellors play a vital role in the consultation, education and communication of genetically inheritable diseases, often acting as mediators to multiple members of the same family. But the inherited cardiovascular conditions team needs to play the central role in providing a comprehensive service with the aim of eliminating the experience of such tragic premature deaths.
Medicines management in the community: An HF specialist nurse prescriber's experience
Authors: Godden Jacinta , Waite Marion
Published: September 2014

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome of signs and symptoms resulting from structural or functional impairment of the heart to effectively deliver oxygen to meet the body's metabolic demands. It is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity and an uncertain disease trajectory. A significant part of the multifaceted care delivered by a community HF specialist nurse involves medicines management in relation to improving prognosis and managing symptoms. The prescribing process involves complex clinical and organisational decision-making to achieve safe and effective outcomes for patients. As part of, often small, HF specialist nurse services that work collaboratively with other health-care teams, their challenges can be less well understood within wider health and commissioning services. This practice-centred case study describes the profile of patients on a community HF specialist nurse's caseload and the nature and process of prescribing decisions made over a 3-month period and their subsequent effects on the prescribing practice, interdisciplinary working and related patient outcomes.
Projected costs of the obesity epidemic: Influences and interventions
Authors: Milligan Fiona
Published: September 2014

Fiona Milligan discusses some of the interventions that have been implemented in a bid to curb the UK's rising obesity levels
Clinical audit of leg ulceration prevalence in a community area: a case study of good practice
Authors: Hindley Jenny
Published: September 2014

This article presents the findings of an audit on venous leg ulceration prevalence in a community area as a framework for discussing the concept and importance of audit as a tool to inform practice and as a means to benchmark care against national or international standards. It is hoped that the discussed audit will practically demonstrate how such procedures can be implemented in practice for those who have not yet undertaken it, as well as highlighting the unexpected extra benefits of this type of qualitative data collection that can often unexpectedly inform practice and influence change. Audit can be used to measure, monitor and disseminate evidence-based practice across community localities, facilitating the identification of learning needs and the instigation of clinical change, thereby prioritising patient needs by ensuring safety through the benchmarking of clinical practice.
Ulcer pain in patients with venous leg ulcers related to antibiotic treatment and compression therapy
Authors: Åkesson Nina , Öien Rut Frank , Forssell Henrik , Fagerström Cecilia
Published: September 2014

The aim of this study was to compare venous leg ulcer patients with and without ulcer pain to see whether ulcer pain affected the use of antibiotic treatment and compression therapy throughout healing. A total of 431 patients with venous leg ulcers were included during the study period. Every patient was registered in a national quality registry for patients with hard-to-heal leg, foot, and pressure ulcers. A high incidence of ulcer pain (57%) was found when the patients entered the study. Patients with ulcer pain had been treated more extensively with antibiotics both before and during the study period. Throughout healing there was a significant reduction of antibiotic use among patients in the ‘no pain’ group, from 44% to 23% (P=0.008). There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning compression therapy (85% vs. 88%), but 12% of patients in the ‘pain’ group did not get their prescribed compression compared with 6% of patients in the ‘no pain’ group. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of ulcer duration, ulcer size or healing time. This study shows a high incidence of ulcer pain, confirming that pain has a great impact on patients with venous leg ulcers. Results further suggest that the presence of ulcer pain increases the prescription of antibiotics but does not affect the use of compression therapy. Several advantages were found from using a national quality registry. The registry is a valuable clinical tool showing the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Increasing independence
Authors: Evans Julie
Published: September 2014

Input from a manual handling adviser ensured safe transfers for a bariatric patient when using a standing sling
A tripartite approach
Authors: Thomas Martin
Published: September 2014

Here, a strategic manual handling adviser describes how tripartite working between manual handling, tissue viability and industry can benefit patients
Growth failure and hormone therapy
Authors: Laing Peter
Published: September 2014

One of the causes of growth failure is growth hormone deficiency. The outcome of growth hormone therapy to treat this depends on a number of multifaceted issues, including the child, the family and the choice of medication device. Providing support and promoting adherence—key nurse roles—are essential for success
The use of transanal irrigation in multiple sclerosis: patients’ evaluation of the Peristeen system
Authors: Speirs Mary
Published: September 2014

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that affects around 125 000 people in the UK. In MS, the myelin coating on the nerve fibres becomes damaged, resulting in a range of problems such as visual disturbances, spasticity, weakness, ataxia, and bladder and bowel dysfunction. This paper will explore the effect of bowel dysfunction caused by MS; the effect it has on those who experience it; and how, through the use of the Peristeen transanal irrigation system, symptoms of neurogenic bowel dysfunction can be reduced and quality of life enhanced.
Transanal irrigation in children: 3 years in practice of the Peristeen system
Authors: Costigan Ann
Published: September 2014

Transanal irrigation can be used to manage long-term faecal incontinence and/or constipation in children. It promotes continence and independence, enabling children to be socially clean, while preventing complications of chronic constipation. The Peristeen transanal irrigation system was introduced in Our Lady's Hospital, Dublin, in 2011. It enables children to attend to their own toileting. The previous method of irrigation used in the hospital was one in which children required assistance. The colorectal department evaluated the Peristeen system to determine patient and parent satisfaction. Of the 89 children evaluated, 67 (75%) still use Peristeen, 17 (19%) do not, and a further 5 (6%) are scheduled for retraining. Reasons cited for discontinuation include: return to previous product, surgical intervention, or constipation resolved. Overall, parent and child satisfaction was high. Many respondents cited positive effects of the product. Parents and children require support to have realistic expectations about transanal irrigation. Education must include the need for ongoing follow-up and review.
Incontinence, breast cancer
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: September 2014

JOURNALS WATCH

In-depth analysis of the latest research. Compiled by Mark Greener
Do no harm: reducing pressure ulcers in a care home setting
Authors: Clothier Annie
Published: September 2014

RELIEVING PRESURE

Pressure ulcers are not an inevitability in some patients. Annie Clothier explains SSKIN bundles and their role in prevention
Managing a case of childhood atopic eczema effectively
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: September 2014

ECZEMA

Atopic eczema in children is generally managed in primary care, so it is vital for nurses to address barriers which might prevent effective therapy, explains Suneeta Kochhar
Introducing an innovation in NPWT for acute care settings
Authors: Jeffery S.L.A.
Published: September 2014

Effective debridement, exudate management and bioburden control will reduce the risk of infection and delayed healing. A combination of instillation and negative pressure wound therapy can help achieve these goals
Safety, tolerability and acceptability of KTwo
Authors: Benbow Maureen
Published: September 2014

Part 1 of the KTwo evidence review concerned the efficacy and reproducibility of the bandage system in the management of leg ulceration and lymphoedema. Here, in Part 2, the focus shifts to its tolerability and acceptability to both patients and clinicians. The evidence presented here ranges from a randomised controlled trial to anecdotal reports in conference posters. The aim of this review is to describe the evidence, and not to critique it.
The use of spirometry in screening for COPD
Authors: Wood Sally
Published: September 2014

Sally Wood considers the use of spirometry to identify patients at risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) before their symptoms become more severe
How to help patients achieve correct self-injection technique
Authors: Diggle Jane
Published: September 2014

As diabetes becomes more prevalent, more patients will require self-injectable therapies. Jane Diggle explains the importance of patient education and review of best practice in injection technique
Post-surgery support and the long-term success of bariatric surgery
Authors: Aguilera Minerva
Published: September 2014

Obesity was perceived as a symbol of wealth, power and health in times of food shortages, but now, in a time of abundance, it is a serious public health concern and is responsible for a number of diseases and deaths. As obesity becomes more prevalent, feasible solutions for weight loss and weight loss maintenance are urgently needed. Surgical interventions such as bariatric surgery have resulted in significant weight loss and the resolution of various co-morbidities. Long-term weight loss maintenance can be challenging, and the success of post-bariatric surgery requires significant lifestyle changes, which can be difficult to make without educational and emotional support. The studies described in this review look at the effect of different types of support, such as nutrition support, cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational support, family support, dietary education and support for depression; the studies show a significant correlation between the support of family members and attendance of support groups, and greater weight loss and improved weight loss maintenance.
Developing a Community-Wide Electronic Health Record Disease Registry in Primary
Care Practices: Lessons Learned from the Western New York Beacon Community
Authors: Heider Arvela R. , Maloney Nancy , Satchidanand Nikhil , Allen Geoff , Mueller Raymond , Gangloff Steven , Singh Ranjit
Published: September 2014

Background and Introduction: Disease registries, as part of electronic health
records (EHRs), have shown promise in improving care and outcomes. However, little is
known about how best to implement them across communities, especially in communities
that are not highly integrated. The Western New York (WNY) primary care community
consists largely of independent practices using at least 20 different EHR products. This
paper discusses the processes undertaken to develop a communitywide EHR disease registry
in WNY, improvements it engendered, barriers overcome, and the lessons learned.Methods:
HEALTHeLINK, under the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information
Technology Beacon Community Initiative, reached out to 98 primary care practices in the
WNY region to establish EHR-based diabetes registries. Working with practices, community
partners, and vendors, registry specifications were created. The registry was piloted
with practices using one local vendor’s EHR product and then rolled out to other
practices, including five other EHR products. Using identified and de-identified
registry datasets, quality benchmarking within and between practices and population
health management were undertaken.Findings: From 2011 to 2013, the WNY Beacon Community
assisted 98 practices (344 providers) serving over 50,000 adult diabetic patients. A
major focus was on EHR registry development across diverse systems, and overcoming the
challenges this presented. The Beacon diabetes registry was implemented at 85 of the 98
targeted practices. Of these registries, 65 met the criteria described in a later
section for quality benchmarking and population health management purposes. Practices
received quarterly benchmark reports summarizing their performance on key diabetes
quality metrics and were compared to community practice averages. Practices used their
registries for population health management by identifying and targeting patients in
need of follow-up or specific diabetes-related care.Discussion and Conclusion: The
creation of the registry infrastructure required unified registry technical
specifications as well as close collaboration between all parties involved. The WNY
experience showed that a useful disease registry can be established in a community
largely consisting of numerous disparate primary care practices. This laid the
groundwork for the future use of EHR data for a variety of purposes in the community.
The methods used and lessons learned through this endeavor may benefit other communities
in a similar position, with several disconnected EHRs, to establish unified
registries.
The Analysis of EU-GCC Potential Free Trade Area Agreement Through EU-GCC Actual Steps (1995–2012)
Authors: Noura Abdel Maksoud Eissa
Published: September 2014

The objective of this article is to find out whether strong regional bloc integration of both the European Union (EU) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) will lead to “stumbling stones” or “building blocks” steps in the signing of the long-awaited EU-GCC free trade area agreement (EU-GCC FTA). A qualitative International Political Economy (IPE) comparison between the two blocs is discussed and summarized in a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis framework. Results show that the Marxist school of thought is the most realistic of all schools in terms of explaining economic regional integration and international FTAs. For the GCC, the potential outcomes of an EU-GCC FTA mean an increase in trade creation, economic welfare, and a fulfillment of economic desires. For the EU, the FTA will lead to EU trade diversion and a mild increase in economic welfare; however, it will allow the EU to fulfill its self-interest in maintaining running its global position in world affairs. The EU should outweigh its benefits toward this FTA, understand the strong competitive advantage found in the GCC countries, and try to cooperate with the GCC in an equal way, supporting developing countries and avoiding the unfair effects of external yet influencing factors that affect such a relationship.
Im Beichtstuhl der Medien
Authors: Bublitz Hannelore
Published: September 2014

Im Beichtstuhl der Medien verkehrt sich das Beichtgeheimnis ins Gegenteil: Privates wird öffentlich, Selbstentsagung zu Selbstentfaltung, Selbstbeobachtung erfolgt im Blick einer anonymen Öffentlichkeit. Hannelore Bublitz spürt dem Drang des sich wortreich mitteilenden und unablässig zeigenden Subjekts nach, sich in medial inszenierten Bekenntnisritualen sozialen Anschluss und gesteigerte Individualität zu sichern. Medien sind demnach nicht nur »voyeuristische Apparate«, sondern soziale Bänder, über die das exponierte Subjekt sich im doppelten Wortsinn produziert, immer wieder anders konfiguriert und positioniert.
Prostitution und Menschenhandel als Verwaltungsproblem
Authors: Vorheyer Claudia
Published: September 2014

Prostitution und Menschenhandel sind Gegenstand vielfältiger staatlicher und zivilgesellschaftlicher Aktivitäten. Die individuellen Wahrnehmungs- und Handlungsmuster der Polizisten, Sozialarbeiter, Gesundheits- und Ordnungsbeamten sind dabei von entscheidender Bedeutung. In einer bisher einzigartigen Perspektivenverschränkung zeigt Claudia Vorheyer die Dynamik der Verwaltungsarbeit auf und fragt, wie die beteiligten Akteure ihre Handlungsspielräume für unterschiedliche Prostitutionspolitiken nutzen: Wie deuten sie das Problem? Welche Aufgaben und Strategien leiten sie daraus ab? Und wie gestalten sie die Zusammenarbeit mit Dritten?
Gesellschaftstheorie zwischen Autologie und Ontologie
Authors: Beetz Michael
Published: September 2014

Anhand des spannungsreichen Wechselspiels von »Autologie« und »Ontologie« arbeitet dieses Buch Konvergenzen und Konfliktlinien des gesellschaftstheoretischen Diskurses heraus. Ausgehend vom ersten expliziten Begründungsversuch der Soziologie durch Auguste Comte problematisiert Michael Beetz die zwischen Sozialtechnologie und soziologischer Aufklärung changierende Selbstverortung des Fachs sowie das Verhältnis von ideellen und materiellen Gegenstandsaspekten. Hieraus wird schließlich die gesellschaftstheoretische Konsequenz abgeleitet, »Organisation« und »Öffentlichkeit« als zentrale Mechanismen gesellschaftlicher Koordination aufzufassen.
Das Versagen der Intellektuellen
Authors: Hecken Thomas
Published: September 2014

Nichts wird von der intellektuellen Klasse schärfer kritisiert und tiefer verachtet als der alles und jeden durchdringende Konsum. Dabei stellt der massenhafte Konsum einen unverzichtbaren Bestandteil jeder auf Wohlstand abzielenden Wirtschaftsordnung dar. Dennoch einigt die Ablehnung einer »materialistischen Einstellung« Rechte wie Linke, Avantgardisten wie Bildungsbürger, Verfechter einer Elite wie Vertreter der Mittelschicht. Thomas Hecken zeichnet in seinem Essay die Geschichte dieser Versagung von Böll bis Habermas, von der KPD bis zur CDU und von der FAZ bis zur »konkret« nach. Er entlarvt die zwiespältigen Versuche der Pop-Linken und der Neoliberalen, daran etwas zu ändern - und unternimmt schließlich selbst eine Verteidigung von Konsum und Materialismus.
Der Streit um die Agrar-Gentechnik
Authors: Peuker Birgit
Published: September 2014

Der Streit um die Anwendung der Gentechnik in der Landwirtschaft tobt seit einigen Jahren. In diesem Buch wird der Konflikt als Kontroverse um die Zusammensetzung der gemeinsamen Welt aufgefasst. Auf Grundlage der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (ANT), die für einen Anschluss an netzwerkanalytische Methoden der Textanalyse kritisch rekonstruiert wird, zeichnet Birgit Peuker die Akteur-Netzwerke unterschiedlicher Interessengruppen nach und führt diese auf konkurrierende Auffassungen von Natur und Gesellschaft zurück. Das Buch bietet damit auch eine fundierte Einführung in die wesentlichen Argumente der schon seit Jahren andauernden Debatte.
Generation und Geltung
Authors: Bebnowski David
Published: September 2014

In den Sozialwissenschaften wird das Verhalten von Menschen oft durch ihre Zugehörigkeit zu einer Generation erklärt. Seit den 68ern ist jedoch umstritten, ob sich überhaupt noch Generationen bilden und wodurch sie entstehen könnten. Worin liegen die Gründe hierfür? Welche gesellschaftlichen Umstände befördern welches Verhalten und warum erhalten nur manche Generationen sozialwissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit, sodass sie als ›Etablierte‹ gelten können? Im Vergleich von 45ern, Halbstarken, 68ern, 78ern, Generation Golf und Generation Praktikum zeigt David Bebnowski, dass vor allem jene Generationen ›übersehen‹ werden, von denen radikale politische Opposition erwartet wird.
Transnationale Biographien
Authors: Siouti Irini
Published: September 2014

Im Kontext der Gastarbeitsmigration sind unzählige transnationale Biographien und Lebensweisen entstanden. Wie aber nähert man sich ihnen aus soziologischer Sicht? Am Beispiel der griechischen Arbeitsmigration in Deutschland geht Irini Siouti den Transmigrationsprozessen in den Biographien der jüngeren, gut ausgebildeten Generation nach. Ihre biographieanalytische Studie erweitert das Forschungsfeld der Transmigration durch eine biographietheoretische Durchdringung des Transnationalisierungsphänomens.
Die besondere Atmosphäre
Authors: Rauh Andreas
Published: September 2014

Atmosphäre ist ein Grundphänomen unserer Lebenswirklichkeit. Andreas Rauh untersucht Atmosphäre im begrifflichen Feld der Ästhetik - zunächst in Anlehnung an den Vorgängerbegriff der »Aura« (Walter Benjamin). Er erarbeitet systematisch eine prägnante Atmosphäre-Position im Anschluss an Gernot Böhme und stellt dabei die Vagheit von Atmosphären heraus. Anhand einer erweiterten Wahrnehmungstheorie mit Blick auf die »besondere Atmosphäre« zeigt Rauh, dass sich Atmosphären im Rahmen der qualitativ-empirischen Methode der »Aisthetischen Feldforschung« erschließen lassen, wobei Werke von Gerhard Richter als Untersuchungsobjekt im Mittelpunkt stehen.
Tafeln im flexiblen Überfluss
Authors: Lorenz Stephan
Published: September 2014

Tafeln und ähnliche Initiativen sammeln die systematisch anfallenden Lebensmittelüberschüsse der Überflussgesellschaft, um sie wohltätig zu verteilen. Sie fügen sich damit in einen transnationalen Trend, der eine lokale Charity-Initiative innerhalb von vier Jahrzehnten zu einem global vernetzten Phänomen expandieren ließ. Stephan Lorenz zeigt, dass die Flexibilisierung der Überflussgesellschaft sowohl soziale Ausgrenzung und Polarisierung als auch die Übernutzung von Ressourcen verstärkt. Seine empirische Analyse gewährt Einblicke in die Etablierung eines zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements, das weniger ein Beitrag zur Überwindung der Probleme ist als vielmehr ein Symptom ihrer Verfestigung.
Der Mensch als neuronale Maschine?
Authors: Salaschek Ulrich
Published: September 2014

Das Gehirn beim Denken zu beobachten - dieser jahrhundertealte Traum scheint mithilfe der modernen bildgebenden Verfahren der Neurowissenschaften in Erfüllung zu gehen. Doch welche Konsequenzen sind damit verbunden? Diese Frage hat erziehungswissenschaftliche Forschung und pädagogische Praxis in den letzten Jahren stark beeinflusst. Ulrich Salaschek analysiert, inwiefern Hirnbilder als Metaphern eines neuronal geprägten Menschenbildes fungieren und dabei einen unkritischen Umgang mit Psychopharmaka begünstigen. Am Beispiel von Mikroskopie und funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie wird dargestellt, wie Wissen durch Bilder - insbesondere in interdisziplinären und populärwissenschaftlichen Kontexten - verändert und gefestigt wird.
Feasibility Study for Small Scaling Flywheel-Energy-Storage Systems in Energy Harvesting Systems
Authors: Ertz Gabriel , Twiefel Jens , Krack Malte
Published: September 2014

Two concepts of scaled micro-flywheel-energy-storage systems (FESSs): a flat disk-shaped and a thin ring-shaped (outer diameter equal to height) flywheel rotors were examined in this study, focusing on material selection, energy content, losses due to air friction and motor loss. For the disk-shape micro-FESS, isotropic materials like titanium, aluminum, steel and wolfram are shown to be suitable as a flywheel rotor. Wound fiber reinforced composite plastics (T1000-, T300-carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes “CNTs”) were investigated for the flywheel in a ring shape. It was shown that isotropic materials reach the highest energy densities in the shape of a Laval disk with a rim. A micro-FESS with wolfram flywheel would reach the highest half-time-periods due to its high density, and thus, it is the favored material to design a flat disk-shaped micro-FESS with low standby-losses. Fiber reinforced plastic flywheels in ring shape reach the highest energy densities, from 150 W h/kg (T300) to 2,600 W h/kg (CNT), but display higher standby-losses as well. A scaling of the rotors was done within this study and showed that air friction is influenced by the shape of the examined flywheel rotors and the material. A linear correlation of down scaling and air friction losses was shown. As a motor/generator type, an ironless air coil Halbach array motor was suggested. Motor losses due to eddy currents in the stator coil were estimated. Losses correlated in square with downscaling. FESSs with wolfram and CNT showed the lowest standby-losses due to eddy currents.
Crosstalk between adipose tissue and blood vessels in cardiometabolic syndrome: implication of steroid hormone receptors (MR/GR)
Authors: Even Sarah Elisabeth Louise , Dulak-Lis Maria Gabriela , Touyz Rhian M. , Dinh Cat Aurelie Nguyen
Published: September 2014

Crosstalk between adipose tissue and blood vessels is vital to vascular homeostasis and is disturbed in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) refers to the clustering of obesity-related metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, glucose and lipid profile alterations, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Adipose tissue associated with the vasculature [known as perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)] has been shown to produce myriads of adipose tissue-derived substances called adipokines, including hormones, cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which actively participate in the regulation of vascular function and local inflammation by endocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms. As a result, the signaling from PVAT to the vasculature is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes-related vascular dysfunction. Accumulating evidence supports a shift in our understanding of the crucial role of elevated plasma levels of aldosterone in obesity, promoting insulin resistance and hypertension. In obesity, aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) signaling induces an abnormal secretion of adipokines, ROS production and systemic inflammation, which in turn contribute to impaired insulin signaling, reduced endothelial-mediated vasorelaxation, and associated cardiovascular abnormalities. Thus, aldosterone excess exerts detrimental metabolic and vascular effects that participate to the development of the CMS and its associated cardiovascular abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the physiopathological roles of corticosteroid receptors in the interplay between PVAT and the vasculature, which underlies their potential as key regulators of vascular function.
Mammalian gamete fusion depends on the inhibition of ovastacin by fetuin-B
Authors: Stöcker Walter , Karmilin Konstantin , Hildebrand André , Westphal Hagen , Yiallouros Irene , Weiskirchen Ralf , Dietzel Eileen , Floehr Julia , Jahnen-Dechent Willi
Published: September 2014

The zona pellucida, a glycoprotein matrix surrounding the mammalian oocyte, hardens after intrusion of the first spermatozoon, thus protecting the embryo until implantation and preventing multiple fertilizations (polyspermy). Definitive zona hardening is mediated by the metalloprotease ovastacin, which is released from cortical granules of the oocyte upon sperm penetration. However, traces of ovastacin seep from unfertilized eggs to cause zona hardening even in the absence of sperm. These small amounts of protease are inactivated by the plasma protein fetuin-B, thus keeping eggs fertilizable. Once a sperm has penetrated the egg, ovastacin from cortical vesicles overrides fetuin-B and initiates zona hardening.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Gum Extraction from Wild Sage Seed
Authors: Salehi Fakhreddin , Kashaninejad Mahdi
Published: September 2014

Wild sage seed (Salvia macrosiphon) has practical amounts of gum with good functional properties. In this work, extraction of gum from wild sage seed was studied. Effect of pH, temperature and water/seed ratio on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and entropy, enthalpy and free energy of extraction were investigated. The maximum gum yield was 12.5% at 55°C for pH=7 and water/seed ratio 40:1. In this study, the experimental data were fitted to a mathematical model of mass transport and constants were obtained. The kinetic of wild sage seed gum extraction was found to be a first-order mass transfer model. Statistical results indicated that the model used in this study will be able to predict the gum extraction from wild sage seed. It is also found that ΔH and ΔS were positive and ΔG was negative indicating that the extraction process was spontaneous, irreversible and endothermic. The ΔH, ΔS and ΔG values were 0.52–14.99 kJ/mol, 6.3–52.2 J/mol K and 0.14–2.44 kJ/mol, respectively.
Island Time
Authors: Alagona Peter S.
Published: September 2014

This essay looks at the history of Santa Cruz Island and preservation and conservation efforts there through the work of the National Park Service, the Nature Conservancy, and the University of California Natural Reserve System. Alagona argues that these efforts are sometimes counterproductive because they rely on incomplete or outmoded understanding of the island’s human and ecological history. A better understanding of how history, culture, and nature shaped each other would lead to more complete conversation and better land management decisions.
Looking for Nature in LA
Authors: Higgins Lila , Hartop Emily
Published: September 2014

The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County is reconnecting to the city around it and in the process discovering a vital role for itself in the life of the city and its future. This article’s authors both work for the museum. Lila Higgins describes a Los Angeles teeming with nature, often hidden in plain sight. Emily Hartop describes the museum’s ongoing citizen science project BioSCAN, which is collecting insect specimens around the city on an unprecedented scale to understand not just the full array of insect species living in the city but using geographic variations and changes over time to paint a more complete picture of the city’s ecologies.
Futures Past
Authors: Beller Erin , Askevold Ruth , Grossinger Robin
Published: September 2014

These maps, based on research by the San Francisco Estuary Institute’s Center for Resilient Landscapes, reconstruct California ecosystems as they were in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and compare them to present-day landscapes. They are designed to provide an understanding of the complexity and diversity of California ecosystems, to help explain how landscapes worked, to track persistence and change, and to identify potential future scenarios. The changes made evident when the maps are compared remind us of the enormous power we have to shape the landscapes we inhabit, and of the wide range of potential options available—options to create diverse, functional, and beautiful landscapes, inspired by the past and grounded in local potential—as we imagine and then create the future.
Stop Hunting Ishi
Authors: Bauer William
Published: September 2014

This essay follows the history of hunting Indians in California to the hunting of Ishi—the “last wild Indian in North America”—by anthropologists from the University of California through to the present-day hunt for Ishi’s legacy and his physical remains. William Bauer explores why Ishi was hunted, and what he has represented to different constituencies: the savage Indian on the frontier, killing livestock as well as white men, women, and children, and deserving a violent end himself; a symbol of Indian life supposedly uncontaminated by modernity; and tribal sovereignty and self-determination, a renaissance of indigenous politics and culture made possible by the survival of indigenous people and nations, and the economic opportunities of Indian gaming. Bauer argues that people who hunt for deeper meaning in Ishi’s legacy are often looking to understand something about themselves, not about indigenous people.
The Boom Interview
Authors: Finney Carolyn , Mapp Rue
Published: September 2014

Carolyn Finney and Rue Mapp talk with Boom editor Jon Christensen about their work with people, diversity, and nature in California. They discuss the mistaken perception that African Americans are disconnected from nature, and the opportunities and challenges in putting agencies such as the National Park Service in dialogue with diverse communities.
Managing Crowds in Innovation Challenges
Authors: Malhotra Arvind , Majchrzak Ann
Published: September 2014

Crowdsourcing for innovation is typically conducted as an “innovation challenge.” Despite the popularity of innovation challenges, there appears to be a growing consensus that innovation challenges do not succeed at generating solutions with competitive advantage potential. This article presents three ways in which managers can assure that their innovation challenges are fruitful: foster different crowd roles to encourage contribution diversity; offer knowledge integration instructions and dual incentives; and offer explicit instructions for sharing different types of knowledge.
Social Media: A Tool for Open Innovation
Authors: Mount Matthew , Martinez Marian Garcia
Published: September 2014

Despite the exponential rise of social media use in external stakeholder engagement, academic research and managerial practice have paid little attention to how it can be used for open innovation across the entire innovation funnel, spanning ideation, R&D, and commercialization. As a result, there is little understanding of how companies can organize for and implement social media for open innovation. Utilizing a multiple case study design, this article examines its application across the entire innovation process. It proposes a range of organizational and technological adaptations that managers can implement to ensure they realize the innovative benefits of social media application.
Winning in Rural Emerging Markets: General Electric's Research Study on MNCs
Authors: Ancarani Fabio , Frels Judy K. , Miller Joanne , Saibene Chiara , Barberio Massimo
Published: September 2014

In 2010, General Electric launched an investigation into how multinational corporations (MNCs) were adapting to rural emerging markets. A team of 33 executives and three academics examined models ranging from Toyota's vehicle servicing program in East Africa to Nokia's localized mobile handset financing in India to Egis Pharmaceuticals' worker retention incentives in Eastern Europe. The project included 15 case studies from India, China, Africa, and Eastern Europe. This article presents common tactics that these MNCs have used to successfully adapt to rural markets in emerging regions across five key organizational functions: product development, distribution, service, financing, and human resources.
Leanwashing: A Hidden Factor in the Obesity Crisis
Authors: Karnani Aneel , McFerran Brent , Mukhopadhyay Anirban
Published: September 2014

Medical research consensus is that a poor diet is a much greater determinant of obesity than lack of exercise. However, the authors' primary research shows that only about half of lay people believe that diet is the primary cause of obesity. People who mistakenly underestimate the importance of a poor diet are in fact more overweight than people who correctly believe that it is the primary cause of obesity. The marketing, public relations, and corporate social responsibility campaigns of food and beverage companies consistently overemphasize the lack of exercise as the cause of obesity—the authors call this “leanwashing.”
Managing Ambiguity in Strategic Alliances
Authors: Kumar Rajesh
Published: September 2014

Alliances have become a core component of many firms' strategy, but they are often characterized by a high level of instability that can lead to failure. Ambiguity is an intrinsic aspect of strategic alliances and effective management of it determines how well the partners are able to make the alliance work. Alliances are subject to three types of ambiguity—partner, interaction, and evaluative—that are important at different stages of alliance evolution. Partner-related ambiguity is most prevalent at the formation stage of the alliance, interaction ambiguity at the operational stage, and evaluative ambiguity at the outcome stage. This article examines the mechanisms by which firms can best manage these different types of ambiguity to achieve a successful alliance.
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Recombinant human TSH and radioactive iodine therapy in the management of benign multinodular goiter
Authors: Graf Hans
Published: September 2014

Multinodular goiter (MNG) is a very common thyroid disorder determined by diverse goitrogenic factors, the most important one being iodine deficiency. The clinical presentation of a patient with MNG varies from a completely asymptomatic goiter to a life-threatening disease due to upper airway compression. Patients can develop underlying subclinical or overt hyperthyroidism due to autonomously hyperfunctioning nodules. In the absence of clinical, ultrasonographic, or cytological findings suggestive of malignancy, the best therapeutic approach for a patient with MNG will depend on the size and location of the goiter, the presence and severity of compressive symptoms, and the presence or absence of thyrotoxicosis. There is still no consensus regarding the treatment of atoxic MNGs. Hence, its optimal management remains controversial; possible therapies include levothyroxine (lT4), surgery, and radioactive iodine (131I). Suppressive treatment withlT4is discouraged due to the development of sub-clinical or overt hyperthyroidism and to its low efficacy when compared with surgery or131I. Total thyroidectomy is effective; however, it is associated with the risk of surgical complications and is often refused by the patient.131I therapy is an alternative to thyroid surgery to reduce the size of benign MNGs. Based on the ability of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) to more than double thyroid131I uptake, this compound has been evaluated as an adjuvant to131I in the treatment of MNG. Very small doses of rhTSH have been used in patients with MNG and few safety concerns have been observed, but the ideal dose, both effective and safe, is yet to be defined.