bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Luck Egalitarianism: Two Lines of Critique
Authors: Sereda Dmitry
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the stream in political philosophy which came to be known as “luck egalitarianism”. Luck egalitarians are concerned with the questions of distributive justice; their main idea is that no person should be worse-off due to factors which they are unable to influence. Luck egalitarians express this idea via the dichotomy of brute and option luck. The goal of the article is to describe two main lines of critique which luck egalitarianism encounters, and to assess which one is the most dangerous for this movement. Some authors criticize luck egalitarianism from a moral standpoint. They believe that it is overly cruel towards those who suffer due to unfortunate but free choices, humiliating towards those whom it deems to be worthy of help, and that it contradicts our moral intuitions concerning the question of what do people who engage in socially necessary, yet risky professions, deserve. Another important problem for this trend of political thought has to do with metaphysical criticism. Luck egalitarians claim that a person is not responsible not only for the status of her family, her gender, ethnicity, etc., but also for her talents and abilities. The question arises; is there anything for what a person can be genuinely responsible for? Thus, luck egalitarianism encounters the problem of determinism and free will. This problem threatens the identity of luck egalitarianism: if free will does not exist or if it cannot be identified, then the key dichotomy of brute and option luck is meaningless. The article demonstrates that it is the criticism of the second kind which currently poses the greatest problem for luck egalitarianism.
Sociology as a Science of Reality: A Logical Foundation for the System of Sociology
Authors: Freyer Hans
Published: July 2021

The Centre for Fundamental Sociology (HSE University, Moscow) and Vladimir Dal Publishing House (St. Petersburg) have initiated the Russian translation and publication of Sociology as a Science of Reality: A Logical Foundation for the System of Sociology (1930), a key work of the famous German philosopher and sociologist, Hans Freyer. In the early 1920s, Freyer, who became the first full professor of sociology in Germany, published several seminal works covering a wide range of topics in social science and political philosophy. The Introduction to the thinker’s first work on sociology in its proper meaning, published here, has the characteristics of a program manifesto outlining the basic principles for comprehending the discipline and its subject matter as a social and historical phenomenon. Freyer argues that sociology as a scholarly discipline emerges in a society that is being detached from the state; now, instead of an obvious and stable order, an insecure, precarious and unpredictable society arises, becoming a problem for itself. Consequently, alongside the formation of sociology, its object emerges; it is a heterogeneous “society” that has gained autonomy from the state while sharply divergent from that same society regarding the principles of the organization of social life. Meanwhile, the distinctive feature of European sociology is not simply its embeddedness in history, but its immediate substantial connection with the preceding philosophical tradition. This enables Freyer to raise the question of the philosophical basis of sociology as a scientific system. He also formulates the task of defining the forms of this system and outlining its primary lines. The structural and methodological comparison between the European sociology version and the American version of the discipline is particularly interesting from the perspective of the academic history.
“Before the Revolution”: Historiographic Revisionism and the Problem of Event
Authors: Kobylin Igor
Published: July 2021

Book Review: Alexei Miller, Kirill Solovyev (eds.) Rossijskaja imperija mezhdu reformami i revoljucijami, 1906–1916 [The Russian Empire between Reforms and Revolutions, 1906–1916] (Moscow: Kvadriga, 2021) (in Russian).
From Postmodernism to Post-Marxism
Authors: Safronov Eduard
Published: July 2021

Book Review: Göran Therborn, Ot marksizma k postmarksizmu? [From Marxism to Post-Marxism?] (Moscow: HSE, 2021) (in Russian).
The Political Choice of Orthodox Believers in Russia: Strengths and Limitations of Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Research
Authors: Karpich Yuliya
Published: July 2021

Previous studies have shown that religiosity is a heterogeneous concept combining identities, practices, and beliefs. At the same time, most of these studies are based on a quantitative methodology. It allows a relationship between religiosity and the political choice of believers to be found, but imposes a limitation on the analysis. The quantitative methodology does not control the interactions of aspects of religiosity, and cannot explain the discovered relationships. This paper proposes an alternative research strategy, specifically, (1) the proposed model allows an analysis of the multiple influences of both religious and non-religious identities, practices and beliefs, and that (2) the qualitative data collected from in-depth interviews with believers complements previous research of the mechanisms of religious influence on political choice. A subjective assessment of one’s position and the actions of the authorities are the most important aspects to the voter (the role of beliefs). An assessment leads to a political choice when (1) a group-identity intensifies the significance of the political problem and poses questions for the individual, and (2) a set of norms and practices provides clues on how to solve a problem. An empirical test of the model was carried out in 2019 in three settlements in the Lipetsk region. The findings illustrate the sufficient potential of the chosen research strategy. The different political choice among respondents, who were expected to have the same political attitudes by quantitative indicators, are explained through the choice of motives and context.
Design Principles of a Mixed-Reality Shopping Assistance System in Omnichannel Retailing v1
Authors: Jain Shubham , Obermeier Gabriele , Auinger Andreas , Werth Dirk
Published: July 2021

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with 35 participants to collect users' feedback and perceptions about the mixed-reality shopping assistant system
Quiebras y conexiones
Authors: Arconada Ledesma Pablo , Merino Calle Irene
Published: July 2021

La poesía representa una parte inalienable de la identidad social y cultural somalí, constituyendo un elemento fundamental de su Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial. Así ha sido a lo largo de la historia del Cuerno de África, donde esta expresión popular, consuetudinaria, de tipo oral, se ha utilizado no sólo como una herramienta artística, sino también social y política. El estallido de la guerra civil en Somalia en 1991 forzó a parte de la ciudadanía somalí a migrar hacia el exilio. Esta situación generó una serie de quiebras que transformaron la poesía somalí de la diáspora. Un cambio inexorable para seguir conservando la vigencia de sus costumbres, puesto que ésta no tiene por qué permanecer estática, puede y debe adaptarse a los cambios. Esta investigación se basa en el análisis preliminar de la poesía de la diáspora somalí para esclarecer los cambios que se han producido entre la poesía popular de Somalia anterior a 1991 y la nacida en la diáspora. Para ello, se ha profundizado en las principales obras, no sólo en las versiones escritas, sino también las orales a través de podcasts y otros medios audiovisuales. Igualmente, se ha recurrido a entrevistas recogidas en medios de comunicación.
High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Cholesterol Level as Risk Markers for Both Periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hama Balen , Zardawi Faraedon , Mustafa Hemn , Gul Sarhang
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has received considerable attention, although it is unclear whether there is a causal component. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the Correlation between high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and total blood cholesterol levels in periodontitis (PD) and coronary artery disease (CAD).          

Methods: Eighty subjects (40 males and 40 females) divided into four equal groups: Group 1: control group, healthy without CAD or PD, group 2: PD without CAD (n=20). group 3: PD with CAD, and group 4: CAD without PD. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2017 periodontal disease classification. Periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. All participants were assessed for CAD by angiography (coronary computed tomography angiography or coronary angiography). Finally, serum hs-CRP and total cholesterol levels were determined by using the particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay method.      

Results: The median of serum cholesterol and hs-CRP levels was significantly lower in the control group than the patients’ groups (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in gender and age among the studied groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, significant, positive, and strong correlations of PPD and CAL with the hs-CRP and Cholesterol.  

Conclusions: Serum levels of hs-CRP and Cholesterol were positively proportionate to the measurements of CAL and PPD by increasing the severity of PD parameters (PPD and CAL), serum level of CAD biomarkers (hs-CRP and Cholesterol) were increased.
One Piece Dental Implants in Esthetic Zone
Authors: Mikaeel Jawad
Published: July 2021

Objectives: In recent years, one-piece dental implants are widely used to replace missing teeth as the technique is minimally invasive, and its special design offers to be used in an atrophied and narrow bone. Few pieces of literature were found regarding the use of these dental implants in the esthetic zone. This study aimed to evaluate the esthetic satisfaction of patients treated with one-piece dental implants in the esthetic zone using a special technique to enhance gingival recontouring and provide an optimum emergence profile.          

Methods: Twenty patients with single missing maxillary or mandibular teeth were enrolled in the study (25-50 year age group). They were treated by one-piece dental implants performing the flapless technique; a flame-shaped bur was used to create a sulcus around the implant abutment; the sulcus was then filled with flowable composite resin and allowed for seven days to recontour the gingival tissue. Esthetic satisfactions of the patients were evaluated two weeks and six months after the placement of the permanent crown using subjective and objective methods.      

Results: The esthetic assessment after 14 days and after six months using the objective method Pink Esthetic Score / White Esthetic Score (PES / WES) index showed that 85% to 90% of the cases received PES and WES mean values of 6 or more, which is the threshold of clinical acceptability. Regarding the subjective method using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) index. After 14 days, the total means value for all the questions was (7.19), and the results after six months were (7.25). There was a statistically non-significant difference between the two-time intervals in both objective and subjective methods (P< 0.05).  

Conclusions: It has been concluded that one-piece dental implants can be successfully used in the esthetic zone after the special gingival recontouring technique.
Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles’ Spasm for Treatment and Alleviation of Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Majeed Trwska , Al-Aloosi Suha , Gharib Balkess
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of low-level laser therapy LLLT on pain intensity of different cervicofacial muscles symptoms to alleviation of temporomandibular disorders TMDs.          

Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients. Patients were divided into three equal groups. The LLLT were received in Group 1: on masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints TMJs. Group 2: on neck muscles. Group 3: on both masticatory and neck muscles with TMJ. Pain intensity was assessed before and after treatment by Visual Analogue Scale, and TMJ clicks recorded by normal listening, feeling, and palpation. Inter-incisor distance measured by digital Vernia calliper and LLLT therapy provided by BIOLASE-EPIC device. (Germany).      

Results: Demographic features were not different among the groups. The highest pain score per case for TMJ and muscle, TMJ alone (arthrogenic), Muscle alone (myogenic) before and after LLLT was improved significantly p-value of <0.001.The majority of click types 38.4% improved, the frequency and types of clicks that were decreased significantly in all groups. The majority of clicks were either disappeared 40% or changed from painful to painless 31.7% clicks significantly p-value = 0.003. The maximum opening capacity MOC was significantly increased p<0.001 after LLLT.  

Conclusions: The result recorded significant association between TMJ pain and neck muscles symptom. Further, there was significant improvement in TMD pain relief, TMJ click, and MOC after the application of LLLT to the neck muscles, Therefore LLLT could be suggested as a TMDs treatment option and added to the treatment protocol of TMDs.
REACTION OF 2-HETARYL-2-(DIHYDROFURAN-2(3H)-ILIDEN)ACETONITRILES WITH AROMATIC AMINES
Authors: Shemehen R. , Khilya O. , Volovenko Yu.
Published: July 2021

This article reports on the reaction of 2-hetaryl-2-(furanyl-2-ylidene)acetonitriles with aromatic amines as N-nucleophiles. 2-Hetaryl-2-(furanyl-2-ylidene)acetonitriles represent versatile building blocks in syntheses of ω-(N-aryl)alkyl substituted heterocycles due to the presence of 1,3-bielectrophilic acrylonitrile fragment functionalized with unsaturated heterocyclic ring and nucleophilic azaheterocyclic moiety. The carbonyl group masked within the N-arylpyrrolidinylidene fragment which undergoes a ring opening through the reaction with nucleophiles.

So, a method for the synthesis of 2-hetaryl-6-hydroxy-3-(arylamino)hex-2-enenitriles and 2-hetaryl-2-(N-arylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetonitriles has been developed by us. The proposed scheme is based on the available reagents using. As a result of Michael addition, the aromatic amines to 2-hetaryl-2-(furanyl-2-ylidene)acetonitriles followed by ring transformations has formed two types of products, depending on the reaction conditions. The reaction of substituted furanylylideneacetonitriles with aromatic amines proceeds in good to high yields affording the corresponding 3-(arylamino)hex-2-enenitriles and 2-(N-arylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene)acetonitriles derivatives. The stereochemistry of the ring-opening reaction follows the rules of a classical SN2 mechanism.

The resulting linear products can be cyclized to 2-hetaryl-2-(furanyl-2-ylidene)acetonitriles in high yields by treatment with the catalytic amount of acid or the equimolar amount of aromatic amines. Under these conditions 2-hetaryl-6-hydroxy-3-(arylamino)hex-2-enenitriles arising from reaction gives the ring closure.

Since both ring-opening and cyclisation occur with fixed stereochemistry the reaction appears a valuable modification to the preparation of acetonitriles derivatives.
Mothers' Representations of the Neurological Conditions of Early Age in the Structure of Attitudes to the Child's Illness
Authors: Valitova I.E.
Published: July 2021

The article compares subjective views of mothers of children with neurological conditions and the objective clinical picture of neurological pathology. Sample: mothers of children aged one to three years (M=25,10±6,50) with diagnoses of "Consequences of Early Organic Central Nervous System Damage" and "Cerebral Palsy" (N=85). The study conducted in the form of a clinical interview. Different types of mothers’ awareness about the etiology, neurological diagnoses, clinical symptoms and outcomes of neurological conditions were revealed. Mothers claim that the child does not have a disease, recognizing the presence of child' developmental features, but the idea of neurological pathology as a disease becomes motivating for the organization of child care and cure. There is a tendency for mothers to underestimate the severity of the child's disease, as well as differences in the subjective assessment of the mother and the clinical assessment (р=0,000). The obtained data can be used by professionals in clinical practice and in the rehabilitation system development for the children, to establish a compliant relationship between parents and specialists.
Diagnostic Value of the "Table Drawing" Technique during Neuropsychological Assessment of Children Aged 4–17 Years
Authors: Khokhlov N.A. , Fyodorova E.D. , Zhalnina A.D. , Maslova K.E.
Published: July 2021

The method of "Table Drawing" is used in child neuropsychology to evaluate projective representations. At the same time, a unified system for assessing the technique performance, age standards, and information about the validity are absent. The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of the technique during the neuropsychological examination of children aged 4–17 years. A survey of 636 persons was conducted, 411 of them boys and 225 girls. The overall technique performance was evaluated in the diagnostic process. Regardless of the diagnostician, the drawings were evaluated by the level of projective representations and the geometric properties. Age standards of technique execution were obtained. Based on the material of 597 diagnostic protocols, the contribution of the state of 14 higher mental functions and psychological characteristics to the success of the test performance was studied. Constructive-spatial functions have the greatest weight; however, the efficiency also depends on visual gnosis, dynamic praxis, and thinking. The diagnostic value of the method is different at different ages, so neuropsychological interpretation of its execution results should depend on the age of the subject.
Psychophysiological Characteristics of Cognitive Functions at Cadets of the Naval Institute with Military Training Experience
Authors: Petrenko M.I.
Published: July 2021

The aim of our research is to studying the psychophysiological characteristics of the cognitive functions and their electrophysiological manifestations at cadets of the first course with military-training experience with different levels of adaptation to training. The object was first-year cadets of the Military Institute (Naval) of N.G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy which graduated from Suvorov Military High Schools (n=44). The mean of ages is 18±0,7 years. All cadets were divided into 3 groups with the help of integrated assessment of the effectiveness of cognitive functions and their electrophysiological manifestations. Cadets with a high level of development of working memory, ability to solve of spatial orientation and arithmetic problems, balance of nervous processes of excitation and inhibition, were characterized by an average of heart rate and an average of heart rate variability, low values of the relative spectral power of heart rate modulations in the low frequency range. The cadets of this group had a high relative power in the range of delta-2 rhythm of EEG in the right central lead when solving sensorimotor tasks in comparison with other groups.
Laboratory monitoring of indices in burnt during infection COVID-19
Authors: Zinoviev E. V. , Manukovskiy Vadim A. , Kostyakov Denis V. , Tsygan Vasily N. , Apchel Andrei V. , Soloshenko Vitaly V. , Pivovarova Lyudmila P. , Ternovoy Dmitry A.
Published: July 2021

The results of laboratory and instrumental studies are analyzed in 46 victims with skin burns of various localization, area and depth of the lesion infected with COVID virus 19 hospitalized in the burn center of Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ambulance named after I.I. Dzhanelidze in 2020. The control group included 46 patients with similar severity lesions who were treated at the center in 2018. The data on the general condition of patients, clinical and biochemical blood tests, coagulogram, gas composition, general urine analysis, and X-ray data were assessed. It was found that in the groups of lightly and severely burned and patients in 75.9 and 64.9% of cases, respectively, X-ray examination and computed tomography of the chest organs did not reveal infiltrative changes in the lungs, despite the positive results of virological studies. In the second half of the incubation period, in comparison with the data obtained in the control group, deviations in the following indicators were stated: hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, immature granulocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, levels of total protein, creatinine and blood fibrinogen from 1.6% up to 18 times. In other analyzed parameters, no changes were noted. When comparing the data obtained in the second half of the incubation period with the results of laboratory studies of uninfected patients in the group of severely burned patients, significant differences were established among the thrombocyte readings (39.2% less), platelet count (42.9% less), and in the group of lightly burned the number of erythrocytes (less by 11.8%), hemoglobin (less by 19.4%), hematocrit (less by 16.2%) and eosinophils (less by 71%), total protein (less by 5.6%) and creatinine (less by 12.2%). Providing medical care to patients during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is a challenge for the healthcare system. The results obtained are the first step towards understanding the features of the course of typical pathological processes caused by burn injury and the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.
Twenty years at the head of the department and clinic of nervous diseases of the military medical academy named after S.M. Kirov (on the occasion of the 75th birthday of corresponding member of the russian academy of sciences Miroslav Mikhailovich Odinak)
Authors: Litvinenko I. V. , Tsygan Nikolay V.
Published: July 2021

The main aspects of the biography and scientific and pedagogical activities of the outstanding Russian neurologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Miroslav Mikhailovich Odinak are presented. Key professional and organizational achievements are considered. Particular attention is paid to the implemented innovative methods of treatment, such as the first systemic thrombolysis operation in St. autologous stem cell transplant for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the worlds first autologous dendritic cell transplant for the treatment of multiple sclerosis was performed. In the same way, under the guidance of Professor M.M. Odinak, an increase in the bed capacity of the clinic of nervous diseases was carried out, a department of intensive care and intensive care and a day hospital was formed, a department of traditional medicine with rooms for psychotherapy, reflexology, manual therapy, thermal relaxation was opened; department of functional diagnostics of the clinic of nervous diseases with rooms for neurofunctional studies, ultrasound studies, dopplerography, studies of the function of the autonomic nervous system; a physiotherapy department with a hydropathic center, a video electroencephalographic monitoring department and a polysomnography department.
Samoilov Vladimir Olegovich (on the 80th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Ponomarenko Gennady N. , Golubev Viktor N. , Antonenkova Elena V. , Korolev Yuri N. , Savokina Olga V.
Published: July 2021

The article briefly covers the scientific, pedagogical and creative activities of Vladimir Olegovich Samoilov, whose life and fate have been associated with his alma mater for more than six decades. May 7, 2021 Vladimir Olegovich Samoilov turned 80 years old. Vladimir Olegovich Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Retired Major General of the Medical Service, Honorary Doctor of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. Vladimir Olegovich made a significant contribution to the emergence of an independent scientific discipline in medical universities of the country medical biophysics, which began to study the fundamental problems of metabolism and bioenergetics at the molecular, cellular and systemic levels. Samoilov developed original training courses in biophysics and medical electronics and headed the Department of Medical Physics for 14 years. Together with the staff of the department, he revived and rebuilt the teaching of higher mathematics and general physics at the Academy on the basis of the deductive method. Since 1974 Biophysics is taught at the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov as a system of physical and physico-chemical processes underlying life activity. In 1988, V.O. Samoilov was appointed Deputy Head of the Academy for Academic and Scientific Work. In the next six years, under his leadership, the system of basic military medical education was restructured. In 2001 Vladimir Olegovich headed the Department of Normal Physiology. During the difficult time of the change of generations, the department reorganized the educational process and resumed scientific research on the main sections of normal physiology. He formed one of the brightest scientific academic schools, which consists of seven doctors and 22 candidates of science.
BB-SPEEDset: A Validated Dataset of Broadband Near-Source Earthquake Ground Motions from 3D Physics-Based Numerical Simulations
Authors: Paolucci Roberto , Smerzini Chiara , Vanini Manuela
Published: July 2021

This article introduces a strong-motion dataset of near-source broadband earthquake ground motions from 3D physics-based numerical simulations—named BB-SPEEDset—obtained by the code SPEED (SPectral Elements in Elastodynamics with Discontinuous Galerkin)—developed at Politecnico di Milano, Italy. Taking advantage of the earthquake ground-motion scenarios produced so far by SPEED, in most cases validated against earthquake recordings, the main objective of this work is to construct and validate a dataset of simulated broadband waveforms to be used as a support for characterization and modeling of near-source earthquake ground motions. To pursue this objective, the following steps were necessary, namely: (1) the implementation of an effective workflow suitable to process in an homogeneous format various SPEED simulations; (2) the generation of broadband time histories using a technique based on artificial neural networks, trained on strong-motion records; (3) the creation of a flat file collecting, for each simulated scenario, the most relevant metadata (fault rupture scenario, site response proxies, source-to-site distances) as well as a comprehensive set of ground-motion intensity measures of the processed broadband waveforms (peak ground acceleration, velocity and displacement, spectral ordinates, duration, pulse period, etc.). Finally, a comprehensive set of consistency checks is made to verify the absence of any systematic bias in the trend of the BB-SPEEDset results with respect to the NEar-Source Strong-motion (NESS) version 2.0 near-source recorded ground-motion dataset. Indeed, the main features of near-source ground motion in BB-SPEEDset, ranging from the statistical distributions of peak and integral measures both at short and long periods, the ground-motion attenuation with distance, to the features of impulsive ground motions and directionality effects, are in substantial agreement with those from NESS.
A Liga Internacional pela Educação Nova e o “movimento de reconstrução educacional” brasileiro
Authors: Chagas de Carvalho Marta María
Published: July 2021

Este artigo investiga o papel da Ligue internationale pour l’Éducation Nouvelle (LIEN) na difusão de iniciativas, preceitos e princípios incorporados pelo movimento de renovação educacional brasileiro. Ele se propõe a rastrear contatos de dois dos três principais integrantes desse movimento e membros da Liga, no período 1924-1932, articulando-se em torno de uma questão central: teriam esses contatos funcionado como canais de circulação de ideias e informações, fornecendo modelos de algum modo incorporados no programa de reconstrução educacional expresso no Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova? Para tanto privilegiaremos as relações de dois dos principais signatários desse Manifesto, Fernando de Azevedo e Lourenço Filho, com membros da Ligue Internationale pour l´Éducation Nouvelle, particularmente do Grupo Francês de Educação Nova (GFEN), órgão da Liga.
Sobre a (in)xustiza xuvenil: da súa histórica vocación educativa e a intrusión da lóxica neoliberal
Authors: Iglesias Galdo Ana
Published: July 2021

Baixo unha perspectiva xenealóxica sobre o noso sistema de xustiza xuvenil, pretendemos problematizar a intrusión da ideoloxía neoliberal na súa lóxica actual, ao entender que puidese deitar transparencia sobre as súas verdadeiras finalidades, requisito imprescindible para seguir avanzando nos dereitos da infancia da súa competencia, tan frecuentemente vulnerados. Utilizando como fontes discursivas, non tanto a actual lei formalmente aprobada nin as súas sucesivas modificacións, senón os discursos defendidos durante os debates parlamentarios o traballo organízase en tres apartados. Para comezar, búscase evidenciar en que termos se xustifica a actual regulación da responsabilidade penal para menores de idade, isto é, que estratexias se despregaron para conseguir o alto grao de consenso alcanzado; a continuación, profúndase sobre a súa histórica vocación educativa, co fin de valorar se responde a unha función de regulación e control social para esta mocidade ou, pola contra, procura garantir a aprendizaxe daquelas capacidades básicas que lles permitan recoñecerse como suxeitos de dereitos e deberes; por último, a modo de conclusión, reclámase a urxente necesidade de dicir a verdade, debatendo en profundidade sobre que tipo de políticas garantirían a este colectivo xuvenil que a súa xustiza fose xusta.
Un modelo de movemento asociativo do maxisterio durante a segunda república: A Casa del Maestro de Pontevedra (1934-1936)
Authors: Porto Ucha Ángel Serafín , Vázquez Ramil Raquel
Published: July 2021

A denominada Casa del Maestro de Pontevedra foi unha asociación de mestres e mestras, que entre 1934 e 1936 chegou a contar con mais de mil asociados. O groso da documentación, incautada durante a Guerra Civil polas instancias franquistas, salvouse milagrosamente e foi depositada no Arquivo Histórico Provincial de Pontevedra (AHPP). Tamén se conservou case íntegra unha colección do seu órgano de difusión, a revista Escuela Vivida, depositada no Museo de Pontevedra. Presentamos unha análise da breve, aínda que frutífera, vida desta senlleira asociación pontevedresa, que coincidiu no tempo con outras de rango nacional, ou mesmo, a nivel local, coa Asociación de Traballadores do Ensino, da FETE-UGT, tamén coñecida como ATE-Vigo, fortemente represaliada naqueles aciagos días.
Accuracy of an Experimental Accelerometer for Assessing Countermovement Vertical Jump Height
Authors: Cabarkapa Dimitrije , Fry Andrew , Hermes Matthew
Published: July 2021

While force plate technology is the gold standard for assessment of many aspects of vertical jump performance, its cost is prohibitive to a broad spectrum of the population. Accelerometry may be more practical, inexpensive, and provide a simple solution that allows hands-on practitioners to readily assess vertical jump performance acutely and over time. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of an experimental accelerometer for testing vertical jump heights derived from flight times when compared to a laboratory-based force plate system as a criterion measure. Fifteen subjects performed three sets of three nonconsecutive maximal countermovement vertical jumps while standing on the force plate. The accelerometer device sampling at 100 Hz was placed on the anterior abdomen immediately inferior to the umbilicus and secured with an elastic band. Both devices recorded the data simultaneously. The experimental accelerometer was an appropriate tool for the assessment of vertical jump height; however, it significantly overestimated actual vertical jump heights by an average of 3.1 cm. This consistent discrepancy in the measurement may be easily fixed by a simple algorithm correction and should not present an issue in the practical setting where ease of use and the ability to provide immediate feedback regarding an athlete’s performance is of critical importance.
A Guidebook for National Development Banks on Climate Risk
Authors: Netto de A. C. Schneider Maria E. , Pereira Porto Rodrigo , Trabacchi Maria Chiara , Schneider Signi , Harb Sara , Smallridge Diana
Published: July 2021

This guidebook provides national development banks (NDBs) a roadmap to integrating climate risk into their lending strategies and portfolio management in accordance with the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. The journey from little action on climate to becoming climate capable allows an NDB to better understand the financial risk to itself and its clients arising from climate change, and allows it to capture new opportunities. Making climate-informed investment and lending decisions and, in the long term, allocating capital in a manner that aligns with the global curbing of emissions is good business. This guidebook is written for those NDBs heeding the call to address the climate challenges in their countries as well as to raise awareness of the urgency to act on climate risks among those that are new to the topic. NDBs, as financial institutions, need to address the potential impacts on their existing and future portfolios and financial positions.
Developing the Thematic Bond Market in Latin America and the Caribbean: Brazil's First Sustainable Bond by a Public Financial Institution
Authors: Cavazzoni Lima Rafael , Groszmann Faria Márcia , Almeida Pamponet Moura Andre , Ferreira Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

This paper describes the issuance of the first sustainable bond in Brazil, executed by the Banco de Desenvolvimento de Minas Gerais (BDMG) with the support of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Group. It highlights key features of the transaction as well as the role that public financial institutions can play in developing the thematic bond market. The bond supported projects with measurable environmental and social benefits, such as energy efficiency, renewable energy, water and sanitation, health, and education projects, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and was developed following a Sustainability Bond Framework in accordance with the Green Bond Principles, the Social Bond Principles, and the Sustainability Bond Guidelines.
Contratos por valor presente de los ingresos y APPs: lecciones de la experiencia chilena
Authors: Engel Eduardo , Fischer Ronald , Galetovic Alexander
Published: July 2021

Con el apoyo de Gobiernos e instituciones de investigación de América Latina y el Caribe, desde el BID desarrollamos en 2020 la Red de Análisis y Buenas Prácticas en Asociaciones Público-Privadas (Red APP), con el objetivo de mejorar el desarrollo de infraestructura en la región en términos de calidad, sostenibilidad, competitividad, y eficiencia. La Red APP nace con el objetivo de A) conectar las demandas públicas de conocimiento con la investigación aplicada desarrollada (en otras palabras, que los trabajos analíticos en materia de APPs respondan a lo que los desarrolladores de políticas y proyectos quieren saber sobre qué funciona y qué no); B) sistematizar la información: mediante la generación de información sistematizada para el análisis de proyectos, desde las decisiones de inversión hasta las de financiamiento; C) generar y coordinar la evidencia existente: mediante el desarrollo de trabajos analíticos a partir de información pública disponible generada por la red, así como conectar la investigación aplicada regional para potenciar sinergias en la generación de conocimiento. A comienzos de 2020, y partir de una Consulta Pública a Gobiernos de la región, se determinaron una serie de temas de interés comunes en el desarrollo de infraestructura mediante APP en torno a cinco grandes áreas: Regulación e Institucionalidad, Factibilidad y Estructuración de Proyectos Sostenibles, Financiamiento de Proyectos, Gestión de Riesgos y Monitoreo, y Evaluación, Desempeño e Impacto. El presente trabajo “Contratos por valor presente de los ingresos y Asociaciones Público-Privadas: Lecciones de la experiencia chilena” responde a dicha demanda.
The role of religion in modern society
Authors: Sarimsokov Zohidjon
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the role of religion in modern society. The author reveals the main directions of religion in society, the problems associated with understanding religious dogmas and solving these problems. Special attention is paid to the problem of activization of ultra-radical groups based on religious grounds, the perception of the world community of religion and the problem of correct understanding of religion on the example of Islam. Based on the analysis, the main causes of the emergence of problems related to religion and its perception were identified. Using sources whose authors directly deal with the problems of religion throughout their life, the author gives some recommendations for eradicating the problems that arise from a misunderstanding of religious values.
The Cultural Security of Moscow Megapolis
Authors: Motyavin Michael
Published: July 2021

This article focuses on the theme of cultural security of Moscow megapolis. In the modern conditions of globalization society is exposed to various challenges and threats. It constantly evolves and changes in the terms of permament transformations. Megapolis cities such as Moscow become epicentres of the birth of dangers in the spiritual culture sphere, they are the most exposed to cultural and anti-cultural influences from the outside, to the latest cultural movements, which are often alien to the traditional national cultural values.
Critical discourse-analysis as an effective method of the qualitative analysis of scientific and educational texts
Authors: Guseynova Ksenia
Published: July 2021

The article provides the results of applying of a critical discourse analysis’ methods developed by Norman Fairclough. The data array consisting of abstracts of candidates of sociological sciences’ theses on discipline 22.00.08 «sociology of management» is analyzed. It is claimed that by means of qualitative methods it is possible not only to explore the problem field of the designated discipline, but also to reveal and typify the main methodological errors of scientific texts. The article is of interest to Humanities students.
sociological analysis of communication of institute of political parties in the electoral process
Authors: Arutynov Anton
Published: July 2021

The article is dedicated to the theoretical research and analyses of practice of social activity, which is practiced by institute of political party in the process voting and electoral process, that is why, the goal is to make a complex view of functions and role of this special institute, also it plays a duale role, because, on the one hand, it allows civil society to rule the government and taking a kind of socialization of individuals by making them closer to the groups of political and party elite, on the other hand, it make possible to the state machine make its workplaces full with the most active and perfect candidates from the political parties by the democracy procedures and strict selection of candidates.
Auf der Suche nach der Wahrheit Gottes – neues Selbstverständnis der Kirche
Authors: Hartmann Richard
Published: July 2021

Die Struktur der katholischen Kirche befindet sich nach dem großen Glaubwürdigkeitsverlust ihrer Autorität in einem zentralen Transformationsprozess. Der Synodale Weg in Deutschland ist ein Versuch, die Anerkennung der Anderen neu zuzulassen von einem objektivistischen zu einem kommunikativen Wahrheitsverständnis voranzuschreiten. Bei diesem Prozess wird es nicht zuerst um konkrete Reformvorschläge gehen, die mehrheitsfähig sind. Vielmehr stehen die Frage nach der Einheit des Glaubens und nach den hermeneutischen Prozessen der Glaubensformulierung im Brennpunkt.
Oczekiwania katolików rozwiedzionych żyjących w nowych związkach wobec duszpasterskiego towarzyszenia
Authors: Kuczmarska Elżbieta
Published: July 2021

Towarzyszenie pastoralne powinno być inspirowane miłością Boga. Obecnie odgrywa ono szczególnie ważną rolę w posłudze małżonkom w sytuacjach nieregularnych. Artykuł prezentuje oczekiwania katolików rozwiedzionych, żyjących w nowych związkach, wobec duszpasterskiego towarzyszenia w oparciu o badania empiryczne przeprowadzone na terenie Polski. Zawiera także wnioski pastoralne. Respondenci oczekują od duszpasterskiego towarzyszenia zrozumienia ich sytuacji, osobistych racji oraz powodów życia w nowym związku, rozeznawania możliwości otrzymania rozgrzeszenia i przyjęcia Komunii świętej, organizowania rekolekcji, pomocy w otwieraniu się na miłość Boga, wsparcia na drodze przebaczania sobie i innym oraz naprawienia wyrządzonych krzywd. Odpowiedzią na te oczekiwania powinno być przede wszystkim duszpasterstwo parafialne, które umożliwia osobisty kontakt kapłana z tymi osobami, delikatne i pełne szacunku traktowanie oraz stopniowe włączanie w życie parafii. Takie podejście może budzić nadzieję, zaufanie i otwartość wobec Kościoła. Przyjęcie, towarzyszenie i rozeznawanie duchowe z tymi osobami umożliwia ich stopniowe włączanie we wspólnotę Kościoła.
Value-rich exposures in medical education: phenomenology of practice according to the lived experiences of medical students in Iran
Authors: Sabeghi Hakimeh , Yazdani Shahram , Foroutan Seyed Abbas , Hosseini Seyed Masoud , Afshar Leila
Published: July 2021

Values ​​predispose people to make the right and especially ethical decisions, and are important for good performance in medical sciences. Students’ lived experiences and the value-rich exposures during their education are some effective means of achieving professional values that help them build their own value frameworks. In this phenomenology of practice study, we aimed to explore and describe the lived experiences of a sample of medical students in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences regarding their value-rich exposures. In-depth interviews, students’ written stories, recorded video interviews related to past trips and photographs were used to collect data. The data was analyzed based on Van Manen’s thematic analysis method.
Five themes emerged from the data: “in the shadow of a supportive mentor”, “a well-orchestrated, value-rich program”, “human interactions in a value system”, “acquiring values in a real-life environment”, “and seeking values in oneself”. Our study identified different dimensions of value-rich exposure based on the lived experiences of medical students and pointed out some issues that medical education planners can consider to improve the quality of value-based education for medical students.
Non-destructive Detection of Sesame Oil Adulteration by Portable FT-NIR, FT-MIR, and Raman Spectrometers Combined with Chemometrics
Authors: MENEVSEOGLU Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Edible oils are often adulterated with fixed oils because of their high quality and price. Sesame oil is prone to adulteration due to its high commodity value and popularity. Therefore, a rapid, simple, and non-invasive method to detect adulteration in sesame oil is necessary for quality control purposes. Handheld and portable FT-NIR, FT-MIR, and Raman spectrometers are easy to operate, non-destructive, rapid, and easy to transport for in-situ assessments as well as being cheaper alternatives to traditional instruments. This study aimed to evaluate three different vibrational spectroscopic techniques in detecting sesame oil adulteration with sunflower and canola oil. Sesame oils were adulterated with fixed oils at different concentrations (0 – 25%) (w/w). Spectra were collected with portable devices and analyzed using Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) to generate a classification model to authenticate pure sesame oil and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) to predict the levels of the adulterant. For confirmation, the fatty acid profile of the oils was determined by gas chromatography (GC). In all three instruments, SIMCA provided distinct clusters for pure sesame oils and adulterated samples with interclass distance (ICD) over 3. Furthermore, FT-NIR and FT-MIR showed excellent performance in predicting adulterant levels with rval>0.96. Specifically, the FT-MIR unit provided more precise classification and PLSR prediction models over FT-NIR and Raman units. Still, all the units can be used as an alternative method to traditional methods such as GC, GC-MS, etc. These units showed great potential for in-situ surveillance to detect sesame oil adulterations.
Функции эмотивной лексики как средства реализации религиозно-нравственного идеала в житийных текстах XVIII–XX веков
Authors: Дмитриева Евгения
Published: July 2021

В статье представлены результаты анализа оригинальных агиографических текстов XVIII–XX веков, которые изучены с позиций синхронно-диахронического подхода как единый массив, характеризующийся общностью культурных смыслов, передаваемых языковыми единицами, и свидетельствующий о непрерывности русской житийной традиции, которая во многом обеспечивалась опорой на выявленные значимые для русской языковой картины мира личностные качества подвижника, составляющие религиозно-нравственный идеал. При анализе эмотивной лексики, используемой в агиографических текстах, было установлено, что лексика эмоций в житии выявляет существенные для понимания концепции автора смыслы, становится важным средством создания образа святого. Данные языковые единицы употребляются в ключевых фрагментах житийного текста с целью описания и характеристики людей, предметов и явлений действительности, связаны с использованием топосов и реализуют в житии ряд функций, прежде всего – характерологическую и текстообразующую. При реализации характерологической функции релевантны следующие параметры: 1) статус характеризуемого субъекта (святой / обычный человек); 2) характер обозначаемой глаголом эмоции (положительная / отрицательная / нейтральная) и ее интенсивность (низкая / средняя / высокая); 3) причина эмоционального переживания. Выступая связующим элементом содержательно-смыслового пространства и формальной организации текста в анализируемых житиях, лексика эмоций реализует текстообразующую функцию.
Prospects for improving primary health care to children with thermal injuries
Authors: Oborkina D. S. , Dolotova D. D. , Butkevich L. I.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Burn injury in children has been and remains one of the most significant cause of disability and death in the world. An important aspect in relation to the prognosis and course of the wound process is the quality of the first aid provided at the prehospital stage. Untimely diagnosed shock, inadequately prescribed anesthesia, attempts to perform surgical treatment of wounds at the site of the accident can fatally affect the prognosis of the disease.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical documentation of 328 children who were treated at the burn center from 2016 to 2019 was made. Selection criteria were: arrival to the center by ambulance, shock, transfer to ICU. To analyze actions performed in the prehospital stage, a number of parameters were identified: diagnosis, length of transportation, specialists in the ambulance team, TBSA (total burn surface area), thermal inhalation lesion, and others.Results. The overwhelming majority of errors refer to diagnostics: shock (94.5%), incorrect TBSA assessment (63.7%), inadequate pain relief (61.9%), etc. A reliable correlation was revealed between ineffective analgesia and incorrect assessment of thermal lesion area. Life-threatening conditions develop in case of incorrect primary surgical treatment of wounds, incorrect vascular puncture, tracheal intubation, etc.Conclusions. The revealed difficulties in providing the primary medical aid to burnt patients at the site of accident require the development of a clearer and more understandable algorithm for medical personnel who provide the first aid to children with burns.