bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fazy Mineralne W Skałach Wêglanowych Warstw Gogoliñskich Obszaru śląska Opolskiego
Authors: Stanienda Katarzyna
Published: October 2014

Streszczenie

W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badañ, które pozwoliły na określenie rodzaju faz mineralnych w skałach wêglanowych warstw gogoliñskich, głównie w wapieniach obszaru śląska Opolskiego. Próbki do badañ pobrano z kamieniołomów w Ligocie Dolnej oraz w Gogolinie. W ka-mieniołomie Gogolin pobrano 8 próbek – 5 z warstw gogoliñskich dolnych, oraz 3 – z warstw gogoliñskich górnych. W kamieniołomie Ligota Dolna pobrano do badañ również 8 próbek, wszystkie z wapieni gogoliñskich górnych.

Wyniki badañ wykazały, że wapienie warstw gogoliñskich obszaru śląska Opolskiego charak-teryzują siê zróżnicowaniem zarówno faz wêglanowych, jak i faz niewêglanowych.

W wapieniach obu formacji zidentyfikowano cztery fazy wêglanowe, o różnym udziale magnezu: „czysty” kalcyt (niskomagnezowy), Mg-kalcyt (kalcyt magnezowy zwany również magnezjo-kalcy-tem), przypuszczalnie dolomit oraz fazê, którą uznano za huntyt.

Wystêpujące w badanych wapieniach fazy niewêglanowe to głównie kwarc, skalenie, minerały ilaste oraz muskowit. Minerały te zidentyfikowano zarówno w wapieniach gogoliñskich dolnych jak i w gogoliñskich górnych.

Wyniki badañ wykazały, że wapienie gogoliñskie dolne obszaru śląska Opolskiego wykazują wiêksze zróżnicowanie faz wêglanowych wzbogaconych w magnez niż wapienie gogoliñskie górne, natomiast w skałach tej formacji nie zidentyfikowano faz wêglanowych wzbogaconych w żelazo. Wapienie gogoliñskie górne charakteryzują siê natomiast wyższym udziałem faz niewêglanowych niż wapienie gogoliñskie dolne. Może to wynikaæ z warunków sedymentacji skał wêglanowych. Wapienie gogoliñskie dolne reprezentują osady strefy litoralnej, które są uboższe w fazy niewêglanowe, natomiast zawierają bogatą faunê, natomiast wapienie gogoliñskie górne to utwory lagunowe, które charakteryzują siê niższą zawartością fauny, a wyższą - krzemianów i glinokrzemianów.
Mineralna Karbonatyzacja Przy Zastosowaniu Surowców Naturalnych Metodą Redukcji CO2?
Authors: Uliasz-Bocheñczyk Alicja , Mokrzycki Eugeniusz
Published: October 2014

Streszczenie

Mineralna karbonatyzacja jest jedną z metod ograniczania antropogenicznej emisji CO2. Metoda ta polega na wykorzystaniu naturalnego zjawiska wiązania ditlenku wêgla przez surowce naturalne lub beton. Od pojawienia siê w 1990 r. w NATURE pierwszej publikacji dotyczącej mineralnej sekwestracji CO2, prowadzone są badania nad wykorzystaniem zjawiska wiązania ditlenku wêgla. W wyniku procesu ditlenek wêgla wiązany jest w stałej formie, co powoduje, że metoda ta jest bezpieczna ekologicznie. Dodatkowo w wyniku reakcji, która jest egzotermiczna, uwalnia siê ciepło, które może byæ potencjalnie wykorzystane. Proces ten może byæ stosowany jako ostatni etap tech-nologii CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage). Mineralna karbonatyzacja może byæ realizowana jako metoda in-situ i ex-situ. Mineralna sekwestracja proponowana jest i badana zarówno dla surowców mineralnych, jak i odpadów. W Polsce szczególnie interesującą opcją jest zastosowanie do wiązania CO2 na drodze mineralnej karbonatyzacji odpadów energetycznych o wysokiej zawartości CaO i ograniczonym wykorzystaniu gospodarczym. Do wiązania CO2 przeanalizowano oprócz odpadów energetycznych również żużle hutnicze i pyły z pieców cementowych. Drugą opcją prowadzenia mineralnej karbonatyzacji jest stosowanie surowców naturalnych. Do mineralnej sekwestracji CO2 mogąbyæ potencjalnie stosowane minerały, takie jak: oliwin, serpentyn czy talk. W artykule przed-stawiono możliwości zastosowania surowców mineralnych do obniżenia emisji ditlenku wêgla. Przeanalizowano również surowce mineralne wystêpując w Polsce, które potencjalnie mogą byæ stosowane do sekwestracji CO2 w ramach procesu ex situ i in situ. Artykuł jest wstêpną analizą możliwości wykorzystania tego typu surowców do wiązania CO2 w Polsce.
Quality of Zeolite in the Function of Size Class
Authors: Sekulić Živko , Kolonja Bozo , Kragović Milan , Ivošević Branislav , Mihajlović Slavica
Published: October 2014

Streszczenie

Badanie parametrów jakościowych zeolitów ze złóż Igroš i Donje Jesenje zostało przeprowa-dzone odrêbnie dla różnych klas ziarnowych. Celem tych badañ było wskazanie znaczenia selekcji i procedury przygotowania surowca na parametry jakościowe poszczególnych klas ziarnowych, co ma skutkowaæ osiągniêciem wymaganych parametrów jakościowych przez otrzymywany zestaw produktów zeolitowych. Rezultaty badañ wskazują, że zeolity ze złóż Igroš i Donje Jesenje różnią siê pod wzglêdem parametrów jakościowych w przypadku niektórych klas ziarnowych. Podczas gdy próbka zeolitu ze złoża Igroš wykazuje lepsze parametry jakościowe w przypadku klas drobniejszych, to w przypadku próbki ze złoża Donje Jesenje lepesze parametry jakościowe wykazuje klasa ziarnowa -2,4 +0,4 mm. Pojemnośæ wymiany kationowej (CEC) zeolitu ze złoża Igroš jest najwyższa -161,25 meq/100 g - dla klasy ziarnowej -5 +2,4 mm, podczas gdy w przypadku zeolitu ze złoża Donje Jesenje najwyższa wartośæ tego parametru - 163,97 meq/100 g - była stwierdzona dla klasy -0,4 +0,063 mm. Przeprowadzone badania rentgenograficzne wykazały, że skład mineralny próbek zeolitów ze złóż Igroš i Donje Jesenje znacznie siê różni: wyższy udział minerałów grupy zeolitów był zaobserwowany w grubszych klasach ziarnowych surowca ze złoża Igroš, podczas gdy w surowcu ze złoża Donje Jasenje wyższy udział zeolitów był stwierdzony dla klasy najdrobniejszej -0,063 +0 mm, przy współobecności skaleni i niewielkim udziale klinoptylolitu. Rezultaty badañ wskazują, że niezbêdne jest w przypadku tych materiałów zastosowanie metod klasyfikacji ziarnowej i otrzymy-wania najdrobniejszych klas ziarnowych, by możliwe było otrzymanie zestawu produktów zeo-litowych o wymaganych parametrach jakościowych.
Simplified Mashing Efficiency. Novel Method for Optimization of Food Industry Wort Production with the Use of Adjuncts
Authors: Szwed Łukasz P. , Tomaszewska-Ciosk Ewa , Błażewicz Józef
Published: October 2014

Malt extracts and malt concentrates have a broad range of application in food industry. Those products are obtained by methods similar to brewing worts. The possible reduction of cost can be achieved by application of malt substitutes likewise in brewing industry. As the malt concentrates for food industry do not have to fulfill strict norms for beer production it is possible to produce much cheaper products. It was proved that by means of mathematic optimization it is possible to determine the optimal share of unmalted material for cheap yet effective production of wort.
A Study on Damage to PLA Knitted Fabrics During Scouring and Bleaching
Authors: Baig Gulzar A. , Carr Chris M.
Published: October 2014

Ingeo® PLA (polylactic acid) knitted fabric was scoured through an exhaust technique. The scouring was carried out with sodium carbonate in the presence of a detergent at various concentrations and temperatures. The scoured fabric was bleached with various oxidative bleaching agents. Bleaching was carried out with hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite and sodium hypochlorite. Hydrogen peroxide was applied by exhaust and cold pad batch (CPB) techniques. It was observed that during scouring PLA fabric was degraded at high alkali concentrations and processing temperatures. The scouring temperature above 60ºC proved to be deleterious due to the scouring solution penetrating into the polymer structure and damaged the fiber. Sodium chlorite and sodium hypochlorite caused little damage to the mechanical properties of PLA. Hydrogen peroxide when applied by the CPB technique did not reduce strength appreciably but when applied by the exhaust technique decreased the strength significantly. SEM analysis revealed that hydrogen peroxide caused holes and slit formation in the fiber structure.
Future Applications of Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca Kaisa) ß Galactosidase in Dairy Industry
Authors: Ansari Shakeel Ahmed , Satar Rukhsana , Zaidi Syed Kashif , Khan Mohd Jahir , Naseer Muhammad Imran , Al-Qahtani Mohammed H. , Maskat Mohamad Yusof
Published: October 2014

The present study demonstrates the immobilization of β galactosidase from apricots (Prunus armeniaca kaisa) on an inexpensive concanavalin A layered cellulose-alginate hybrid gel. Immobilized β galactosidase retained 78% of the initial activity after crosslinking by glutaraldehyde. It exhibited greater fraction of activity at both acidic and basic pH, and showed broad spectrum temperature optimum as compared to free enzyme. Moreover, immobilized enzyme exhibited higher thermal stability at 60°C and retained 80% of the original enzyme activity in presence of 3% galactose. The crosslinked immobilized enzyme showed improved hydrolysis of lactose from milk and whey in batch processes at 50°C as well as in continuous reactors operated at fl ow rate of 20 mL/h and 30 mL/h even after one month. Moreover, crosslinked adsorbed β galactosidase retained 76% activity even after its sixth repeated use, thereby promoting its use for lactose hydrolysis in various dairy products even for longer durations.
The Formation of Polycomplexes of Poly(Methyl Vinyl Ether-Co-Maleic Anhydride) and Bovine Serum Albumin in the Presence of Copper Ions
Authors: Karahan Mesut , Mustafaeva Zeynep , Özeroğlu Cemal
Published: October 2014

The binary and ternary complex formations of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (PMVEMA) with copper ions and with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the presence of copper ions in phosphate buffer solution at pH = 7 were examined by the techniques of UV-visible, fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy measurements. In the formation of binary complexes of PMVEMA-Cu(II), the addition of copper ions to the solution of PMVEMA in phosphate buffer solution at pH = 7 forms homogeneous solutions when the molar ratio of Cu(II)/MVEMA is 0.5. Then the formations of ternary complexes of PMVEMA-Cu(II)-BSA were examined. Study analysis revealed that the toxicities of polymer-metal and polymer-metal-protein mixture solutions depend on the nature and ratio of components in mixtures.
Catalog of grammar refactoring patterns
Authors: Halupka Ivan , Kollár Ján
Published: October 2014

Grammar dependent software development and automated grammar transformations have received considerable attention in recent years. This paper presents our catalog of six grammar refactoring patterns that specify the solutions to commonly occurring refactoring problems in the field of grammarware engineering. Patterns are formally specified using extended version of pLERO language, designed specifically for this purpose, while chosen pLERO extensions are also discussed.
A Survey of parallel intrusion detection on graphical processors
Authors: Vokorokos Liberios , Ennert Michal , >Čajkovský Marek , Radušovský Ján
Published: October 2014

Intrusion detection is enormously developing field of informatics. This paper provides a survey of actual trends in intrusion detection in academic research. It presents a review about the evolution of intrusion detection systems with usage of general purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU). There are many detection techniques but only some of them bring advantages of parallel computing implementation to graphical processors (GPU). The most common technique transformed into GPU is the technique of pattern matching. There is a number of intrusion detection tools using GPU tested in real network traffic.
Infrastructure representation for container terminal simulation
Authors: Kocifaj Michal , Adamko Norbert
Published: October 2014

Microscopic simulation of container terminal is incomplete without sophisticated and authentic movement of mobile handling equipment. The modelled infrastructure has to be processed before the path finding takes its place. In this paper, the infrastructure is represented by navigation mesh which splits the traversable space into multiple convex polygons. A simple algorithm for creation of navigation mesh is presented, with some extensions dedicated to specific container terminals environment. Additional more complex algorithms are listed as well. Finally a combination of navigation mesh and grid-of-tiles approach is given.
Continuous Logic and Scheduling in Systems with Indeterminate Processing Times
Authors: Levin Vitaly I.
Published: October 2014

A general approach to the synthesis of an optimal order of executing jobs in engineering systems with indeterminate (interval) times of job processing is presented. As a mathematical model of the system, a two-stage pipeline is taken whose first and second stages are, respectively, the input of data and its processing, and the corresponding mathematical apparatus is continuous logic and logic determinants.
Feasibility of Detecting Spacecraft Charging and Arcing by Remote Sensing
Authors: Ferguson Dale C. , Murray-Krezan Jeremy , Barton David A. , Dennison J. R. , Gregory Stephen A.
Published: October 2014

More than 50 years after the dawn of the space age, most spacecraft still do not have sensors onboard capable of detecting whether they are at potentials likely to put them at risk of severe charging and the concomitant arcing, or, indeed, even capable of detecting when or if they undergo arcing. As a result, anomaly resolution has often been hit or miss, and false diagnoses are probably common. In this paper, a few remote sensing techniques that could be applied for remotely detecting spacecraft charging and/or arcing, and their feasibility, are examined: surface glows from high-energy electron impact, x-rays from bremsstrahlung, and radio and optical emission from arcs and after arcing.
Charting the Impact of Federal Spending for Education Research
Authors: Milesi Carolina , Brown Kevin L. , Hawkley Louise , Dropkin Eric , Schneider Barbara L.
Published: October 2014

Impact evaluation plays a critical role in determining whether federally funded research programs in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are wise investments. This paper develops quantitative methods for program evaluation and applies this approach to a flagship National Science Foundation–funded education research program, Research and Evaluation on Education in Science and Engineering (REESE). Results of three different bibliometric analyses all point to the same conclusion: REESE is an interdisciplinary research program that attracts highly productive investigators who exhibit an additional increase in their productivity rate as a result of receiving REESE funding. Limitations of the bibliometric approach are discussed, and directions are provided for the future of impact evaluations of research programs intended to serve the public good.
Rhamnolipids Production by a Pseudomonas eruginosa LBI Mutant: Solutions and Homologs Characterization
Authors: Lovaglio Roberta B. , da Silva Vinícius L. , Capelini Tulio de Lucca , Eberlin Marcos N. , Hausmann Rudolf , Henkel Marius , Contiero Jonas
Published: October 2014

This paper evaluates the effect of additives (NaCl and ethanol) on the solution properties of rhamnolipids. The properties are the surface activity, aggregate formations and emulsifying activity as well as the synergistic effects of additives and pH variations on the physical properties of rhamnolipids. Additionally, analysis of fatty acids and rhamnolipid homologues produced using different carbon sources was performed by mass spectrometry. The results indicate that this biosurfactant maintain its properties in the presence of additives. NaCl decreases the size and number of aggregates formed in solutions without pH control, while ethanol to rhamnolipid solutions reduces critical micelle concentration and favors aggregation of monomers. The profiles of fatty acids produced by P. aeruginosa LBI 2A1 varied according to the carbon source used, however for rhamnolipids there was no difference.
Phase Behavior and Solubilization of Microemulsion Systems Containing Imidazolium Type Surfactant CnmimBr and Butyric Acid as Cosurfactant
Authors: Chai Jinling , Chai Haihui , Sun Hao , Liu Ning , Liu Ningning , Zhang Hengming , Liu Zhongchun
Published: October 2014

The phase behavior and solubilization of two microemulsion systems 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (CnmimBr, n = 12,14,16)/butyric acid/hexane/brine (5% NaCl) and CnmimBr/1-butanol/hexane/brine (5% NaCl) were studied and compared. The physico-chemical parameters, such as the solubility (∊
B
) of the cosurfactant, the mass fraction of the cosurfactant in the interfacial layer (AS
), and the solubilization ability (SP*) of the two microemulsion systems were calculated and discussed. As the carbon chain length of CnmimBr molecules increases, SP* increases, and the difference of SP* values between the two microemulsion systems is reduced. The effects of aqueous and oleic phases and temperatures on the phase behavior and solubilization of C14mimBr/butyric acid/alkane/aqueous phase microemulsion systems were also discussed.
Removal of Non-Ionic Surfactants in an Activated Sludge Sewage Treatment Plant
Authors: Kopiec Daniel , Rydlichowski Robert , Zembrzuska Joanna , Budnik Irena , Lukaszewski Zenon
Published: October 2014

Non-ionic surfactants (NS) are a major source of synthetic organic carbon discharged into surface water. The aim of this work was the investigation of the influence of different factors on NS removal in an activated sludge sewage treatment plant (STP). Tensammetric analytical tools were used for fast and inexpensive NS determination. The STP in Blonie (Poland) was the subject of research. The STP's reconstruction caused a spectacular lowering of NS concentration in the treated sewage; however, in subsequent years, NS concentration significantly rose, due to a dramatic increase in the NS load. The NS load reduction in the reconstructed STP was relatively high (93.4–97.9%). The presence of exclusively alcohol ethoxylates was confirmed in the raw sewage. The residual NS concentration in treated sewage is dependent on the hydraulic retention time, the NS load and on the sludge volume index.
Pedicabs for Urban Transportation in U.S. Cities
Authors: Conway Alison , Khallouki Dounia
Published: October 2014

Pedicabs are a unique mode providing nonmotorized passenger transportation for short trips in urban areas. Although previously used in the United States primarily for recreational tourism, pedicabs can also serve daily and commuter trips. This paper explores the future role for pedicabs as a mode of urban transportation. Potential benefits of pedicab use in urban areas are identified, as well as challenges that may inhibit operations. Through a review of regulations concerning vehicles, drivers, and operations in New York City and seven other urban areas in the United States, a complicated regulatory environment that reflects an ambiguous understanding of pedicabs and their operations is discussed. Finally, based on findings related to the benefits, challenges, and regulations, the next steps for better understanding the potential for pedicabs as an urban transit mode are presented.
An inventory and topographic analysis of glaciers in the Torngat Mountains, northern Labrador, Canada
Authors: Way Robert G. , Bell Trevor , Barrand Nicholas E.
Published: October 2014

This study presents the first complete glacier inventory of the Torngat Mountains, northern Labrador, Canada. In total, 195 glaciers and ice masses are identified, covering a total area of 24.5 ± 1.8 km2. Mapped ice masses range in size from 0.01 to 1.26 km2, with a median size of 0.08 km2. Ice masses have a median elevation of 776 m a.s.l. and span an altitudinal range of 290–1500 m a.s.l. Indications of ice flow suggest at least 105 active glaciers in the Torngat Mountains. Analysis of morphometric and topographic parameters suggests that the regional distribution of ice masses is linked to physiographic setting while the preservation of coastal ice masses at low elevation is related to local meteorological conditions. In the most coastal environments, ice masses are shown to exist below the regional glaciation level due to topographic shadowing, coastal proximity and widespread debris cover. This study provides a baseline for future change assessment.
Automatic Record Linkage of Individuals and Households in Historical Census Data
Authors: Fu Zhichun , Boot H.M. , Christen Peter , Zhou Jun
Published: October 2014

Linking historical census data is an important task for the study of the social, economic, and demographic aspects of families and society in the past. Although various (semi-) automatic linking methods have been proposed, state-of-the-art methods have only been targeted at linking records that correspond to individuals. In this paper, we introduce an automatic method aimed at linking both individuals and households across several historical census datasets. The proposed method contains several steps, including data quality analysis and enhancement, household identity detection, as well as individual and household record linking. We have applied this method to a set of six census datasets collected from the district of Rawtenstall in North-East Lancashire in the United Kingdom between 1851 and 1901. Experimental results show that the proposed method can greatly reduce the ambiguity arising from the individual record linkage, and facilitate the accurate matching of households across several decades.
The New Apparatus of Influence: Material Modernism in the Digital Age
Authors: O'Sullivan James
Published: October 2014

Throughout this paper, I argue for a reapplication of those theories set out by George Bornstein in Material Modernism. More specifically, I suggest that Bornstein's work should be considered in the context of the textual and literary constructs of the digital age. I begin with an account of those elements from Bornstein's argument that I consider to be of most relevance to this particular discourse, giving particular consideration to what he refers to as the ‘bibliographic code.’ I argue that this notion has gathered fresh momentum now that its potential has been enhanced through new forms of computer-based media. What the material modernists of the modernist movement sought to achieve with the material elements of their works, contemporary scholars and critics can seek to replicate and explore with greater clarity and creativity. The bibliographic code has gained new importance, as the degree by which it can be manipulated, I argue, has been extended significantly.
Exact Probability Distribution versus Entropy
Authors: Andersson Kerstin
Published: October 2014

The problem addressed concerns the determination of the average number of successive attempts of guessing a word of a certain length consisting of letters with given probabilities of occurrence. Both first- and second-order approximations to a natural language are considered. The guessing strategy used is guessing words in decreasing order of probability. When word and alphabet sizes are large, approximations are necessary in order to estimate the number of guesses. Several kinds of approximations are discussed demonstrating moderate requirements regarding both memory and central processing unit (CPU) time. When considering realistic sizes of alphabets and words (100), the number of guesses can be estimated within minutes with reasonable accuracy (a few percent) and may therefore constitute an alternative to, e.g., various entropy expressions. For many probability distributions, the density of the logarithm of probability products is close to a normal distribution. For those cases, it is possible to derive an analytical expression for the average number of guesses. The proportion of guesses needed on average compared to the total number decreases almost exponentially with the word length. The leading term in an asymptotic expansion can be used to estimate the number of guesses for large word lengths. Comparisons with analytical lower bounds and entropy expressions are also provided.
A Further Indication of the Self-Ordering Capacity of Water Via the Droplet Evaporation Method
Authors: Jerman Igor , Ratajc Petra
Published: October 2014

The droplet evaporation method (DEM) is increasingly used for assessing various characteristics of water. In our research we tried to use DEM to detect a possible self-ordering capability of (spring) water that would be similar to the already found and described autothixotropic phenomenon, namely increasing order of non-distilled water subject to aging. The output of DEM is a droplet remnant pattern (DRP). For analysis of DRP images we used a specially developed computer program that does the frequency distribution analysis of certain parameters of the images. The results of experiments demonstrated statistically significant differences in both aging of water as well as in the glass exposed surface/volume ratio of the aged water. The most important result supporting the self-ordering character of water was found in an increasing dependence between two analyzed parameters: distance and frequency, at the peak frequency. As the result concerns mostly aging and shows increasing order it further corroborates other findings concerning increasing order by aging. Such further confirmation of self-ordering capacity of water is not important only for physical chemistry, but also for biology.
Synthesis of New Perhydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine Derivatives and Their Evaluation in Animal Models of Epilepsy
Authors: Dawidowski Maciej , Lewandowski Wojciech , Turło Jadwiga
Published: October 2014

A series of novel stereochemically pure derivatives of the investigative broad-spectrum anticonvulsant ADD408003 was designed and synthesized. Five-center four-component (U-5C-4CR) and four-center three-component (U-4C-3CR) variants of Ugi reaction were used in the key step of the synthetic pathways. The compounds obtained were evaluated for the anticonvulsant activitiy in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES), subcutaneous Metrazole (scMET) and minimal clonic seizure (6 Hz) animal models of epilepsy. The efficacies of most derivatives in the 6 Hz model of pharmacoresistant partial seizures were markedly higher than in the ‘classical’ MES and scMET models. The most active compounds, (4R,8aR)-3a, and (4S,8aS)-6 displayed median effective doses (ED50) of 47.90 and 126.19 mg/kg, respectively, for the 6 Hz test.
From Crescent to Mature Virion: Vaccinia Virus Assembly and Maturation
Authors: Liu Liang , Cooper Tamara , Howley Paul , Hayball John
Published: October 2014

Vaccinia virus (VACV) has achieved unprecedented success as a live viral vaccine for smallpox which mitigated eradication of the disease. Vaccinia virus has a complex virion morphology and recent advances have been made to answer some of the key outstanding questions, in particular, the origin and biogenesis of the virion membrane, the transformation from immature virion (IV) to mature virus (MV), and the role of several novel genes, which were previously uncharacterized, but have now been shown to be essential for VACV virion formation. This new knowledge will undoubtedly contribute to the rational design of safe, immunogenic vaccine candidates, or effective antivirals in the future. This review endeavors to provide an update on our current knowledge of the VACV maturation processes with a specific focus on the initiation of VACV replication through to the formation of mature virions.
Equilibrium states and stability of pre-tensioned adhesive tapes
Authors: Putignano Carmine , Afferrante Luciano , Mangialardi Luigi , Carbone Giuseppe
Published: October 2014

In the present paper we propose a generalization of the model developed in Afferrante, L.; Carbone, G.; Demelio, G.; Pugno, N. Tribol. Lett. 2013, 52, 439–447 to take into account the effect of the pre-tension in the tape. A detailed analysis of the peeling process shows the existence of two possible detachment regimes: one being stable and the other being unstable, depending on the initial configuration of the tape. In the stability region, as the peeling process advances, the peeling angle reaches a limiting value, which only depends on the geometry, on the elastic modulus of the tape and on the surface energy of adhesion. Vice versa, in the unstable region, depending on the initial conditions of the system, the tape can evolve towards a state of complete detachment or fail before reaching a state of equilibrium with complete adhesion. We find that the presence of pre-tension in the tape does not modify the stability behavior of the system, but significantly affects the pull-off force which can be sustained by the tape before complete detachment. Moreover, above a critical value of the pre-tension, which depends on the surface energy of adhesion, the tape will tend to spontaneously detach from the substrate. In this case, an external force is necessary to avoid spontaneous detachment and make the tape adhering to the substrate.
Entre-soi mais chacun chez soi
Authors: Cousin Bruno
Published: October 2014

Cet article s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain réalisée dans trois nouveaux quartiers de Courbevoie et Levallois-Perret (Hauts de-Seine), situés à proximité du centre d’affaires de La Défense, et au sein desquels les résidents cadres et ingénieurs d’entreprise sont fortement surreprésentés. Il s’agit d’espaces issus du processus de refondation ( new-build gentrification ) qui contribue régulièrement à l’élargissement de l’axe historique des beaux quartiers. On analyse successivement les ressorts et motivations des choix résidentiels de leurs habitants, la faible sociabilité locale liée à un entre-soi particulier, et enfin le rôle central joué par le marquage de frontières symboliques socioéconomiques (internes aux classes supérieures) dans les dynamiques d’agrégation. Cette dernière apparaît par ailleurs comme suivant une logique largement distincte de celle dont relève l’évitement des classes populaires (altérisées et stigmatisées).
1. Genre et théorie économique
Authors: Talahite Fatiha
Published: October 2014

L’économie est l’une des dernières sciences humaines et sociales à avoir intégré le genre. Cet article interroge la résistance de la science économique au genre et montre comment celui-ci fut finalement introduit, à travers trois moments clés de cette histoire : le débat sur la valeur du travail domestique ; la critique féministe en épistémologie et histoire de la pensée économique ; la construction d’une économie néoclassique du genre à partir des travaux de Gary Becker. Grâce à l’importante production qui en a résulté, l’économie a certes pu rattraper son retard, mais elle a absorbé le genre sans avoir été ébranlée dans ses fondements. L’économie du genre s’est moulée dans les divisions de la science économique.
6. Où en est-on de la ségrégation professionnelle ?
Authors: Lemière Séverine , Silvera Rachel
Published: October 2014

Hommes et femmes n’occupent toujours pas les mêmes métiers. Malgré les nombreux programmes de mixité des emplois, cette ségrégation professionnelle résiste. Les femmes restent concentrées dans le soin ou l’éducation. Les dernières données concluent qu’il faudrait qu’un peu plus de la moitié des femmes (et des hommes) change de métiers pour une répartition égalitaire. Comment inciter à un tel « déplacement de populations » ? Est-ce d’ailleurs réellement souhaitable ? Cet article revient sur les contours de cette ségrégation, son évolution, ses explications et les actions publiques développées jusqu’alors, puis propose une approche complémentaire pour favoriser l’égalité salariale : revaloriser les emplois à prédominance féminine.
11. Quels effets des enfants sur les rémunérations et carrières des mères ?
Authors: Meurs Dominique , Pailhé Ariane , Ponthieux Sophie
Published: October 2014

Dans la persistance de l’écart des salaires entre les femmes et les hommes, une place centrale revient aux effets des enfants sur la vie professionnelle. Cet article résume dans une première partie les principaux travaux portant sur le family pay gap , c’est-à-dire la pénalité salariale subie par les mères par rapport à une situation sans enfant. Dans un second temps, nous présentons pour la France des résultats sur les effets des interruptions de carrière sur les salaires. En France, comme dans la plupart des pays industrialisés, le congé parental joue négativement sur les rémunérations et les interruptions d’activité expliquent la plus grande partie des écarts de salaires entre les femmes. Il reste néanmoins une pénalité salariale pour les femmes sans interruption de carrière par rapport à leurs homologues masculins.
14. L'aide aux personnes âgées n'est-elle qu'une affaire de femmes ?
Authors: Billaud Solène , Gramain Agnès
Published: October 2014

Les femmes sont davantage impliquées dans l’aide aux personnes âgées que les hommes, tant au niveau des emplois de services aux personnes âgées que dans l’aide aux proches dépendants. Cela s’explique en partie par des normes de genre, qui poussent les femmes à s’impliquer dans les activités de soin. Il existe cependant des configurations variées autour de ces normes, qui permettent des différences d’implication. Par ailleurs, les évolutions démographiques et les changements de normes vont probablement pousser les hommes à s’investir davantage dans ces activités.
19. Ce que le genre fait à l'analyse de la mondialisation néolibérale : L'ombre portée des systèmes militaro-industriels sur les « femmes globales »
Authors: Falquet Jules
Published: October 2014

Avec la mondialisation, de nombreuses femmes sont entrées sur le marché du travail. Cela peut être perçu comme une évolution positive, mais combiner une analyse en termes de genre à une analyse en termes de classe et de « race » permet de montrer que les améliorations qui touchent les femmes dans leur ensemble peuvent être réalisées au détriment de certaines d’entre elles en particulier. Ainsi émerge la catégorie des « femmes de services », composée majoritairement de femmes non-privilégiées contraintes d’exercer des activités du « care » ou des activités liées au commerce du sexe. Dans le cadre de la militarisation néolibérale, leur émergence va de pair avec celle des « hommes en armes » qui contribuent à la précarisation des femmes, et plus particulièrement de celles des pays du Sud.
Prologue
Authors: Potte-Bonneville Mathieu
Published: October 2014

Résumé Un dossier, des entretiens, autour de l’épopée, de la légende, de la fiction, vues par ceux qui les fabriquent au cinéma, au théâtre ou ailleurs. Un dossier inquiet, en même temps, de ce que pourrait être une politique aujourd’hui. Qu’est-ce que cela veut dire ?
Un bon bain
Authors: Potte-Bonneville Mathieu
Published: October 2014

Résumé Ces jours qui sont à nous si nous les déplions Pour entendre leur chuchotante rêverie, Ah c’est à peine si nous les reconnaissons Quelqu’un nous a changé toute la broderie. – Supervielle Un jour vient où, sans que l’on voie en aucune manière ce qu’on pourrait faire d’autre, il ne suffit plus d’aller mieux que la veille, de se maintenir, petite forme mais. Un jour vient où les dépendances et tous ces arrangements négociés pied à pied avec soi-même, ces morceaux de journée occupés à s’occuper, ont rongé (...)
Une volonté de savoir ?
Authors: Mangeot Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé Quel est le statut de l’image pornographique d’aujourd’hui ? En France, elle est autorisée par la loi (depuis la création, il y a une vingtaine d’années, de la catégorie X), c’est-à-dire aussi contrôlée (diffusion interdite aux mineurs, espaces de vente réservés etc.). Mutations d’un genre dont la production et la consommation avaient été jusqu’alors définies par la clandestinité, structurées par l’interdit qu’il prétendait transgresser.
Cultures du corps
Authors: Mangeot Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé Au début des années quatre-vingts, Britt Nini a voulu faire une thèse sur le cinéma pornographique. Comme c’était à la Sorbonne, son directeur de thèse lui a conseillé d’en adoucir un peu l’intitulé. Il s’agira des femmes, de leurs corps et de son dévoilement. Par la bande, il s’agira aussi de l’émergence de la pornographie au cinéma. Sorbonne ou pas, Britt Nini aime la pornographie. Chargée de cours de cinéma à Bordeaux, critique à l’occasion ( Libération , Art-Press, ou le défunt Ciné-Télé-Vidéo et nombre de revues interdites), co-scénariste à ses heures (Skorecki, Enard), libraire de cinéma à La Rochelle ou à Lyon, elle parle ici de son cinéma.
Tracteur / Traktor
Authors: Müller Heiner , Morel Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2014

Résumé Les scènes de Tracteur ont été écrites entre 1955 et 1961 (les commentaires en italiques datent de 1974). Elles se déroulent dans l’immédiate après-guerre en Allemagne orientale et racontent les champs encore remplis des mines de la Wehrmacht, les tractoristes qui se font tuer ou perdent une jambe ou un bras pour avoir passé la charrue sur une mine. Traduction Jean-Pierre Morel.
La Caravelle, une cité HLM
Authors: Mangeot Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé C’est l’histoire de La Caravelle, un ensemble de barres HLM construit à Villeneuve-la-Garenne entre 1959 et 1968, qui contient dans son nom la promesse d’un nouveau monde. C’est l’histoire de La Caravelle au moment où Roland Castro s’apprête à la remodeler intégralement. C’est l’histoire d’une cité qui devient neuf quartiers. C’est l’histoire de ses habitants, de ceux qui sont partis, de ceux qui sont venus, de ceux qui ne veulent pas la quitter. C’est aussi une histoire à la fois singulière et exemplaire de l’habitat social en France.
Le PCF et la question algérienne (1959)
Authors: Vernant Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2014

Résumé Durant la guerre d’Algérie, l’opposition interne du PCF, en rupture avec l’« esprit » et la discipline de parti, s’affronte durement aux positions de la direction : contre le vote des pouvoirs spéciaux en 1956, contre la condamnation des attentats du FLN en 1954, contre l’exclusion des communistes qui soutiennent le FLN. À la fin des années 50, c’est dans L’Étincelle, journal interne, et Voies nouvelles, périodique vendu en kiosque, animés par Victor Leduc et Jean-Pierre Vernant, que paraîtront les critiques les plus virulentes d’une politique qui rejette l’indépendance de l’Algérie. S’il n’en traite pas directement, ce texte nous a semblé éclairer une dimension importante des événements du 17 octobre : l’intolérable, souvent, n’advient que parce que toléré, en creux, par les institutions - ici, celles de la gauche officielle
Feasibility of Retinal Screening in a Pediatric Population With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kolomeyer Anton M. , Nayak Natasha V. , Simon Melissa A. , Szirth Bernard C. , Shahid Khadija , Sheng Iris Y. , Xia Tina , Khouri Albert S.
Published: October 2014

Purpose:

To study the feasibility of using a nonmydriatic camera to screen children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) as young as 2 years for diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:

Prospective pilot imaging study involving children with DM1 aged 2 to 17 years. The screening consisted of: (1) intake form; (2) measurement of blood pressure, pulse, and oximetry; (3) assessment of visual acuity (SIMAV, Padova, Italy); and (4) nonmydriatic color imaging (Canon CX-1 45° 15.1 megapixel camera; Canon Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Images were assessed for signs of diabetic retinopathy and graded for quality on a scale of 1 to 5 by two clinicians. Kappa coefficient was calculated to determine inter-observer agreement.

Results:

One hundred four of 106 (98%) children underwent imaging (mean age: 11.1 years, 51% male, 88% white). One (1%) child had nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and 2 (1.9%) had incidental findings. Only 62% of children had an eye examination within the past year, with children with DM1 for more than 5 years significantly more likely to have done so (
P
= .03). Children who had an eye examination within the past year were significantly older than their counterparts (
P
= .01). Images of high quality (grades 4 and 5) were acquired in 178 (86%) eyes, and images of some clinical value (grades ≥ 2) were obtained in 207 (99.5%) eyes. Inter-observer agreement for image quality was 0.896.

Conclusions:

The feasibility of using a nonmydriatic camera to screen children as young as 2 years for changes related to diabetic eye disease was demonstrated. Nonmydriatic imaging may supplement standard dilated clinical ophthalmology examinations for select patient populations.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(5):299–306.]
Surgical Outcome of Strabismus Surgery in Patients With Unilateral Vision Loss and Horizontal Strabismus
Authors: Dotan Gad , Nelson Leonard B. , Mezad-Koursh Daphna , Stolovitch Chaim , Cohen Yuval , Morad Yair
Published: October 2014

Purpose:

To report on the surgical outcome of horizontal strabismus surgery in patients diagnosed as having unilateral vision loss.

Methods:

Medical records of all patients with unilateral vision loss who underwent surgical repair of horizontal strabismus between 2008 and 2013 at three medical centers were reviewed. Data collected included age at time of surgery, type of strabismus, preoperative and postoperative deviation, procedure performed, and length of follow-up. Surgical success was defined as final alignment of 10 prism diopters (PD) or less unless more than one surgery was required to realign the eyes.

Results:

Twenty-one patients (9 children) were reviewed. Mean age at time of surgery was 28.3 years (range: 3 to 64 years) and mean follow-up was 20 months (range: 6 months to 5 years). Mean preoperative logMAR visual acuity in the deviating eyes (14 right eyes) was 1.4 ± 0.7 (range: 1.0 to 2.8) and mean deviation was 33 PD (range: 15 to 90 PD). All procedures were performed only on the deviating eye (13 recessions and 8 recession–resection procedures). Mean postoperative deviation was 6.4 PD (range: 0 to 25 PD) and 81% of patients had a manifest ocular deviation of 10 PD or less. Surgical success was comparable in children versus adults (
P
= .603), in patients with esotropia versus exotropia (
P
= 1.000), in patients with preoperative deviations larger than 30 PD compared to patients with smaller deviations (
P
= .521), and in patients in whom one muscle was operated on compared to all other patients (
P
= .617).

Conclusions:

Strabismus surgery in patients with unilateral vision loss is often successful in correcting ocular misalignment.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(5):294–298.]
Sleep Problems in Children: An Overlooked Factor in Evaluating Behavior
Authors: Haney Tina , Kott Karen M.
Published: October 2014

Sleep disturbance is a problem for many children; however, it remains an underevaluated factor when assessing behavior. The purpose of the current article is to explore sleep problems in children, as well as the effects that disrupted sleep patterns have on child behavior. The authors recommend strategies to guide the assessment of sleep and improve children’s sleep quality. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 52(10), 27–32.]
Effect of Anterior Corneal Surface Asphericity Modification on Fourth-Order Zernike Spherical Aberrations
Authors: Gatinel Damien , Azar Dimitri T. , Dumas Laurent , Malet Jacques
Published: October 2014

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the theoretical influence of the change in corneal asphericity (ΔQ) on the change in fourth-order Zernike spherical aberration coefficient (ΔC
4
0
) with customized aspheric refractive correction of myopia and hyperopia.

METHODS:

The initial anterior corneal surface profile was modeled as a conic section of apical radius of curvature R
0
and asphericity Q
0
. The postoperative corneal profile was modeled as a conic section of apical curvature R
1
and asphericity Q
1
, where R
1
was computed from defocus D, and Q
1
selected for controlling the postoperative asphericity. The corresponding change in fourth-order spherical aberration (ΔC
0
4
) was computed within a 6-mm optical zone using inner products applied to the incurred optical path changes. These calculations were repeated for different values of D, R
0
, Q
0
, and various intended ΔC
4
0
values.

RESULTS:

Increasing negative spherical aberration (ΔC
4
0
< 0) requires a change toward more negative values of asphericity (increased prolateness; ΔQ < 0) for hyperopic and low myopic corrections, but more positive values (ΔQ < 0) for high myopic correction. The larger the intended change in corneal spherical aberration (ΔC
4
0
), the more myopic the threshold value for which the required change in asphericity, ΔQ, becomes positive. The influence of the magnitude of paraxial defocus correction is less pronounced when larger changes in C
4
0
are intended.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results provide a basis for controlling the direction (sign) and the magnitude of spherical aberration changes when using customized aspheric profiles of ablation.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(10):708–715.]
Assessment of Ocular Biomechanics Using Dynamic Ultra High-Speed Scheimpflug Imaging in Keratoconic and Normal Eyes
Authors: Tian Lei , Ko Match W. L. , Wang Li-ke , Zhang Jia-ying , Li Tian-jie , Huang Yi-fei , Zheng Yong-ping
Published: October 2014

PURPOSE:

To introduce several new ocular biomechanical parameters for comparison between keratoconic and normal eyes using an analysis method based on corneal dynamic deformation video recorded by corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).

METHODS:

This comparative study comprised 52 keratoconic eyes of 43 patients with keratoconus and 52 normal eyes of 52 controls. An analysis method (PolyU [Labview 2009; National Instrument, Austin, TX]) was developed to introduce several new ocular biomechanical parameters and to compare the difference between keratoconic and normal eyes. The repeatability of the new parameters measurement was evaluated and compared with the Corvis ST measurement. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to establish a cutoff value for the new biomechanical parameters.

RESULTS:

Intraclass correlation coefficients of the deformation amplitude, peak distance, corneal concave radius of curvature, maximum deformation area, maximum corneal inward velocity and outward velocity (V
in, max
and V
out, max
) were high in both the keratoconic and normal eyes (all intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.75). The measurement agreement of the PolyU analysis method and Corvis ST was good. Most of the biomechanical parameters of patients with keratoconus were significantly different from those of the controls. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the V
in, max
was the best predictive parameter with an area under the curve of 0.79.

CONCLUSIONS:

The corneal deformation video recorded by the Corvis ST provides useful information for the study of ocular biomechanics. Most of the new ocular biomechanical parameters were significantly different between keratoconic and normal eyes. Further research is needed to develop more comprehensive clinical applications with these new ocular biomechanical parameters.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(11):785–791.]