bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary References from RLY-4008, the first highly selective FGFR2 inhibitor with activity across FGFR2 alterations and resistance mutations
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Sahai Vaibhav , Maglic Dejan , Bruderek Kamil , Toure B. Barry. , Zhao Songping , Valverde Roberto , O'Hearn Patrick J. , Moustakas Demetri T. , Schonherr Heike , Gerami-Moayed Nastaran , Taylor Alexander M. , Hudson Brandi M. , Houde Damian J. , Pal Debjani , Foster Lindsey , Gunaydin Hakan , Ayaz Pelin , Sharon Dina A. , Goyal Lipika , Schram Alison M. , Kamath Suneel , Sherwin Cori Ann , Schmidt-Kittler Oleg , Jen Kai Yu , Ricard Fabien , Wolf Beni B. , Shaw David E. , Bergstrom Donald A. , Watters James , Casaletto Jessica B.
Published: September 2024

three references cited in supplementary data
Table S9 from Spatial Transcriptomics of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of The Pancreas Identifies NKX6-2 as a Driver of Gastric Differentiation and Indolent Biological Potential
Authors: Sans Marta , Makino Yuki , Min Jimin , Rajapakshe Kimal I. , Yip-Schneider Michele , Schmidt C. Max , Hurd Mark W. , Burks Jared K. , Gomez Javier A. , Thege Fredrik I. , Fahrmann Johannes F. , Wolff Robert A. , Kim Michael P. , Guerrero Paola A. , Maitra Anirban
Published: September 2024

Patient and clinical information for the IPMN samples included in the COMET cohort.
Supplementary Figure S7 from In vivo screening unveils pervasive RNA-binding protein dependencies in leukemic stem cells and identifies ELAVL1 as a therapeutic target
Authors: Vujovic Ana , de Rooij Laura , Keyvani Chahi Ava , Chen He Tian , Yee Brian A. , Loganathan Sampath K. , Liu Lina , Chan Derek C. H. , Tajik Amanda , Tsao Emily , Moreira Steven , Joshi Pratik , Xu Joshua , Wong Nicholas , Balde Zaldy , Jahangiri Soheil , Zandi Sasan , Aigner Stefan , Dick John E. , Minden Mark D. , Schramek Daniel , Yeo Gene W. , Hope Kristin J.
Published: September 2024

Supplemental Figure S7 shows the expression profile of TOMM34 in normal human bone marrow and across different AML and CML data sets. The effects of TOMM34 depletion on human primary AML cells in vitro and validation of TOMM34 knockdown and overexpression is shown.
Supplementary Figures S1-S7 from The polyamine-hypusine circuit controls an oncogenic translational program essential for malignant conversion in MYC-driven lymphoma
Authors: Nakanishi Shima , Li Jiannong , Berglund Anders E. , Kim Youngchul , Zhang Yonghong , Zhang Ling , Yang Chunying , Song Jinming , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Cleveland John L.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figures S1-S7 includes Supplementary Figure S1-S7 and the figure legend for each figure.
Supplementary Fig. S1 shows that the polyamine-hypusine circuit is activated in many human cancers including MYC-driven lymphoma. Supplementary Fig. S1 is related to Fig. 1.
Supplementary Fig. S2 shows that inhibition of DHPS enzyme activity, or silencing eIF5A or DHPS, suppresses the growth of mouse MYC-driven lymphoma. Supplementary Fig. S2 is related to Fig. 2.
Supplementary Fig. S3 shows that hypusinated eIF5A (eIF5AHyp) contributes to the tumorigenic potential and maintenance of MYC-driven lymphoma. Supplementary Fig. S3 is related to Fig. 3.
Supplementary Fig. S4 shows the effects of eIF5A or DHPS depletion on the transcriptional landscape of MYC-driven lymphoma. Supplementary Fig. S4 is related to Fig. 4.
Supplementary Fig. S5 shows that depletion of eIF5A or DHPS impairs the translation efficiency of subsets of mRNA in MYC-driven lymphoma. Supplementary Fig. S5 is related to Fig. 5.
Supplementary Fig. S6 shows the validation of select eIF5AHyp translation targets identified by the multi-omics analyses, and that the translation of key regulatory cell cycle factors is controlled by hypusinated eIF5A. Supplementary Fig. S6 is related to Fig. 6.
Supplementary Fig. S7 shows that hypusinated eIF5A is essential for the development of MYC-driven lymphoma. Supplementary Fig. S7 is related to Fig. 7.
Figure S2 from Synergistic Effects of PARP Inhibition and Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway Modulation
Authors: Rutkowska Anna , Eberl H. Christian , Werner Thilo , Hennrich Marco L. , Sévin Daniel C. , Petretich Massimo , Reddington James P. , Pocha Shirin , Gade Stephan , Martinez-Segura Amalia , Dvornikov Dmytro , Karpiak Joel , Sweetman Gavain M.A. , Fufezan Christian , Duempelfeld Birgit , Braun Florian , Schofield Christopher , Keles Hakan , Alvarado David , Wang Zhuo , Jansson Keith H. , Faelth-Savitski Maria , Curry Edward , Remlinger Katja , Stronach Euan A. , Feng Bin , Sharma Geeta , Coleman Kevin , Grandi Paola , Bantscheff Marcus , Bergamini Giovanna
Published: September 2024

Detection of 24,25-epoxycholesterol
Introduction of a New Satellite Model for Participation in Clinical Trials in a Consortial Comprehensive Cancer Center with Four University Hospitals in Germany
Authors: Teloh-Benger Johanna , Isfort Susanne , Gattermann Norbert , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G.H. , Crysandt Martina , Kötting Angelika , Falkenhahn Annett , Hardebeck Olivia , Lenssen Kristoffer , Werz Alexander , Krüger Alexandra , Zander Thomas
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The trend toward personalized medicine leads to very small study cohorts for clinical trials, which makes it difficult to recruit patients in a single study center. On the other hand, the administrative effort required to initiate a clinical trial is very high. As a result, Germany runs the risk of falling behind other countries as a trial location. For this reason, the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) has been working on the challenge of a new satellite model in which the main trial center is the only one to conclude a trial center contract with the sponsor and also handles all formalities with it. The remaining sites constitute the satellites. In contrast to former satellite models, the entire study-related interventions are carried out at each site in the present model. Methods: In order to evaluate the approvability of the model, contact was made with both higher federal authorities and the responsible inspectorate, and none of them declared themselves responsible for a possible basic approval. The four ethics committees contacted agreed to the model subject to certain framework conditions. In addition, the model was validated by the preparation of several legal opinions on various issues (medical, labor, antitrust law). Conclusion: Study participation close to home is a decisive advantage for multimorbid patients. As up to four locations form a trial site in the model, a large catchment area can be covered with reduced administrative costs. The satellite model developed is intended to give patients broader access to medical innovations in cancer therapy.
Lateralization of Feeding Behaviour in White-Fronted Lemur (Eulemur albifrons) and Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta) in Captivity
Authors: Calvo Heredia Laura , de Miguel Águeda Francisco Javier
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Functional cerebral asymmetry is reflected in the lateralization of some behavioural patterns in many vertebrate species. In primates, behavioural lateralization has been related to both life style and age and sex, and it affects behaviours such as feeding and other tasks that require precision movements. Methods: We have studied feeding lateralization concerning the use of right and left hand to take the food in two species of lemurs in captivity, the mainly arboreal white-fronted lemur and the more terrestrial ring-tailed lemur, taking also account the age and the sex of the individuals. We calculated for each individual the hand preference (if it was the case) by means of z scores, and the strength of such preference using the handedness index (HI). Finally, we determined for each species the existence of right/left bias at the group level with the t Student test. Results: Half of the white-fronted lemurs (7 of 14) showed lateralization in feeding, while only a few ring-tailed lemurs (3 of 19) showed it. In the first species, a light bias seems to emerge (5 individuals used mostly the right hand for taking the food, while only 2 used mainly the left hand), while in the second species no bias could really be appreciated. Conclusion: Feeding lateralization was more accentuated in white-fronted lemur, in which a light bias towards the use of the right hand seems to be evidenced. No clear effect of age and sex on the presence and direction of lateralization could be evidenced. The results somehow contrast with what the postural theory of lateralization postulates about the preferential use of the right hand in terrestrial species.
Effects and Safety of Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors for Early Parkinson’s Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yaping , Wang Zhiyun
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and safety of monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors (MAO-B inhibitors) for early Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: All studies that assessed the efficacy of MAO-B inhibitors in patients with early PD were searched. Publications were screened, and data were extracted according to predefined criteria. Rev Man 5.4 and Stata 14.0 software were used for statistical analysis. Outcomes assessed included change of Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total score, UPDRS part II score, UPDRS part III score, and the incidence of adverse events. Results: Thirty trials were identified and included in this meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, rasagiline, selegiline, safinamide, and zonisamide were significantly more effective, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of −0.41 (95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.64 to −0.18), SMD = −0.38 (95% CI = −0.51 to −0.24), SMD = −0.37 (95% CI = −0.54 to −0.21), and SMD = −0.31 (95% CI = −0.57 to −0.05) on the UPDRS III score change, respectively. The surface under the cumulative ranking results showed that rasagiline ranked first in improving UPDRS II and UPDRS III, respectively. For safety outcomes, safinamide combination with dopaminergic treatment had lower risk of incurring any adverse events (risk ratio = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.01–0.2), and no statistical difference in incidence of adverse events was observed among other MAO-B inhibitor regimes and placebo. Conclusion: Rasagiline, selegiline, safinamide, and zonisamide were effective compared to placebo in the treatment of early PD, but rasagiline was the most effective drug. As for safety, safinamide combination with dopaminergic treatment had lower risk of incurring any adverse events.
Urinary Leakage after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Is Always Predictive of Functional Results?
Authors: Fiorello Nicolò , Zucchi Alessandro , Gregori Francesco , Romei Gregorio , Fiorenzo Salvatore , Di Benedetto Andrea , Bossa Riccardo , Mogorovich Andrea , Summonti Daniele , Benvenuti Sandro , Pastore Antonio Luigi , Sepich Carlo Alberto
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate if and when the presence of radiological urinary leakages of vesico-urethral anastomosis, after robotic radical prostatectomy, could provoke urethral strictures or affect continence recovery. Methods: We enrolled 216 patients, undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy between January 2020 and December 2022 in three high-volume referenced centres for robotic surgery. Before removal of the bladder catheter, all patients underwent a cystourethrography in which the presence/absence of leakage was assessed at level of vesico-urethral anastomosis. Based on degree of severity of urinary leakage on cystourethrography, patients were classified as no leakage or grade 0, grade 1 with transversal diameter ≤1 cm, and grade 2 with transversal diameter ≥1 cm. At follow-up, urethral stenosis formation and urinary continence recovery were assessed; furthermore, post-operative 12-month functional outcome was determined using EORTC-QLQ-PR25 questionnaire. Results: Radiological urinary leakage was found in 30 patients with grade 1 and 33 patients with grade 2, for a total of 63 patients. Only 1 patient (1.5%), grade 2 urinary leakage, developed significant urethral stricture and required endoscopic urethrotomy after 6 months. Analysing the differences in those who removed the bladder catheter after 7–9 days and those who kept it longer, we found no statistically significant differences regarding recovery of continence (p = 0.23) or about urinary symptoms (p = 0.94). Conclusions: RARP remains gold-standard approach for treatment of localized prostate cancer and the superiority of this technique is safe in preventing urethral strictures and continence recovery, even in presence of significant anastomotic urinary leakage.
Impact of Extreme Prematurity, Chorioamnionitis, and Sepsis on Neonatal Monocyte Characteristics and Functions
Authors: Qazi Khaleda Rahman , Govindaraj Dhanapal , Martí Magalí , de Jong Ymke , Bach Jensen Georg , Abrahamsson Thomas , Jenmalm Maria C. , Sverremark-Ekström Eva
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The innate branch of the immune system is important in early life, in particular for infants born preterm. Methods: We performed a longitudinal analysis of the peripheral monocyte compartment in extremely preterm children from a randomized, placebo-controlled study of probiotic supplementation. PBMCs and fecal samples were collected at several timepoints during the first months of life. Monocyte characteristics were analyzed by flow cytometry, and LPS-stimulated PBMC culture supernatants were analyzed by Luminex or ELISA. Plasma cytokines and gut microbiota composition were analyzed by ELISA and 16S rRNA-sequencing, respectively. Results: The extremely preterm infants had persistent alterations in their monocyte characteristics that were further aggravated in chorioamnionitis cases. They showed a markedly reduced TLR4 expression and hampered LPS-stimulated cytokine responses 14 days after birth. Notably, at later timepoints, TLR4 expression and LPS responses no longer correlated. Sepsis during the first weeks of life strongly associated with increased pro-inflammatory, and reduced IL-10, responses also at postmenstrual week 36. Further, we report a correlation between gut microbiota features and monocyte phenotype and responses, but also that probiotic supplementation associated with distinct monocyte phenotypic characteristics, without significantly influencing their responsiveness. Conclusion: Extremely preterm infants have monocyte characteristics and functional features that deviate from infants born full-term. Some of these differences persist until they reach an age corresponding to full-term, potentially making them more vulnerable to microbial exposures during the first months of life.
Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health in Asian Americans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Shah Nilay S. , Kandula Namratha R. , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne , Morey Brittany N. , Patel Shivani A. , Wong Sally , Yang Eugene , Yi Stella ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Prevention Science Committee of the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention and the Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Hypertension; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research
Published: September 2024

To achieve cardiovascular health (CVH) equity in the United States, an understanding of the social and structural factors that contribute to differences and disparities in health is necessary. The Asian American population is the fastest-growing racial group in the United States but remains persistently underrepresented in health research. There is heterogeneity in how individual Asian American ethnic groups experience CVH and cardiovascular disease outcomes, with certain ethnic groups experiencing a higher burden of adverse social conditions, disproportionately high burden of suboptimal CVH, or excess adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes. In this scientific statement, upstream structural and social determinants that influence CVH in the Asian American population are highlighted, with particular emphasis on the role of social determinants of health across disaggregated Asian American ethnic groups. Key social determinants that operate in Asian American communities include socioeconomic position, immigration and nativity, social and physical environments, food and nutrition access, and health system–level factors. The role of underlying structural factors such as health, social, and economic policies and structural racism is also discussed in the context of CVH in Asian Americans. To improve individual-, community-, and population-level CVH and to reduce CVH disparities in Asian American ethnic subgroups, multilevel interventions that address adverse structural and social determinants are critical to achieve CVH equity for the Asian American population. Critical research gaps for the Asian American population are given, along with recommendations for strategic approaches to investigate social determinants of health and intervene to reduce health disparities in these communities.
Identifying Transfer Learning in the Reshaping of Inductive Biases
Authors: Székely Anna , Török Balázs , Kiss Mariann , Janacsek Karolina , Németh Dezső , Orbán Gergő
Published: September 2024

Transfer learning, the reuse of newly acquired knowledge under novel circumstances, is a critical hallmark of human intelligence that has frequently been pitted against the capacities of artificial learning agents. Yet, the computations relevant to transfer learning have been little investigated in humans. The benefit of efficient inductive biases (meta-level constraints that shape learning, often referred as priors in the Bayesian learning approach), has been both theoretically and experimentally established. Efficiency of inductive biases depends on their capacity to generalize earlier experiences. We argue that successful transfer learning upon task acquisition is ensured by updating inductive biases and transfer of knowledge hinges upon capturing the structure of the task in the inductive bias that can be reused in novel tasks. To explore this, we trained participants on a non-trivial visual stimulus sequence task (Alternating Serial Response Times, ASRT); during the Training phase, participants were exposed to one specific sequence for multiple days, then on the Transfer phase, the sequence changed, while the underlying structure of the task remained the same. Our results show that beyond the acquisition of the stimulus sequence, our participants were also able to update their inductive biases. Acquisition of the new sequence was considerably sped up by earlier exposure but this enhancement was specific to individuals showing signatures of abandoning initial inductive biases. Enhancement of learning was reflected in the development of a new internal model. Additionally, our findings highlight the ability of participants to construct an inventory of internal models and alternate between them based on environmental demands. Further, investigation of the behavior during transfer revealed that it is the subjective internal model of individuals that can predict the transfer across tasks. Our results demonstrate that even imperfect learning in a challenging environment helps learning in a new context by reusing the subjective and partial knowledge about environmental regularities.
‘Earthquake of the century’ and its aftermath: Reflections on social work practices implemented in the first hours of the disaster at a hospital in Türkiye
Authors: Karaağaç Hakan , Özada Nazım Ayşe
Published: September 2024

This article presents the practice reflections of two social work academics who worked with individuals affected by a recent disaster in Kayseri, Türkiye. The study shares the experiences and insights regarding how hospital-based social work interventions were conducted in the first hours following the earthquake.
Trapped Neighborhoods, Trapped Identities: Wadi Salib and Musrara Compared, 1949-1967
Authors: Naor Moshe , Jacobson Abigail
Published: September 2024

Using the concept of “trapped neighborhoods,” this paper focuses on two impoverished neighborhoods between the years 1949 and 1967 that were a symbol of Mizraḥi protest in Israel: Wadi Salib in Haifa and Musrara in Jerusalem. We consider their residents as not only people living in the margins of the city but also as communities that were trapped within the cultural, social and geographical margins on the border of the Arab existence and recent past, and the Jewish-Israeli present. While Musrara was “trapped” between a physical border in the Eastern-Arab part of the Jerusalem, and an imagined border on its western side, Wadi Salib was “trapped” between “upper” and “lower” Haifa, and between the Palestinian repressed past and the Arab-Jewish identity of its residents. The article examines both the nature of the borders and the mechanisms of crossing them.
Water and the Urban Metabolism: Essays on the Remaking of Urban Water Regimes since the Eighteenth Century—Introduction
Authors: Frost Lionel , Shanahan Martin P.
Published: September 2024

This introductory article explores the concept of urban metabolism, through which cities’ need for water transforms inputs into biomass and waste products, and its influence on urban water regimes. It provides a summary of existing literature, and explains how a cross-disciplinary approach, drawing on a range of urban experiences, can add value to current policy debates about the costs of urban water management, and environmental problems in general. The case studies presented here examine urban water regimes in Britain, Europe, Asia, and the United States since the eighteenth century. Using methods from a range of historical disciplinary approaches, this special issue identifies the diverse forces that generate a variety of outcomes, with non-linear improvements in urban water infrastructure shaped by contemporary technology and medical knowledge, social inequality, local politics, and path-dependent impact of previous planning and construction decisions.
Cytokeratin expression by sarcomas does not indicate synovial origin in dogs
Authors: Wager Annalisa C. , Springer Cary , Bergee Rebecca , Craig Linden E.
Published: September 2024

Sarcoma samples from 33 dogs, 25 subcutaneous and 8 articular, were submitted for cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. Eight of the 25 subcutaneous sarcomas (32%) expressed cytokeratin in 1% to 50% of the neoplastic cells. Of the 7 articular sarcomas evaluated, 1 (14%) expressed cytokeratin in 10% of neoplastic cells. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the mean overall survival of dogs with subcutaneous sarcomas (28.1 months [confidence interval [CI]:17.8, 38.4]) did not significantly differ from those with articular sarcomas (24.8 months [CI = 0.5, 29.0]). Overall survival of dogs with sarcomas (both locations combined) immunoreactive for cytokeratin (31.2 months [CI = 17.8, 44.6]) did not differ from those not immunoreactive for cytokeratin (22.0 months [CI = 8.4, 35.6]). Therefore, cytokeratin expression does not indicate synovial origin ( P = .64) and neither sarcoma location ( P = .76) nor cytokeratin expression ( P = .53) affects patient overall survival in this small study. The use of cytokeratin immunohistochemistry is not helpful to determine synovial origin of sarcomas in dogs.
Numerical investigation on effects of swirl and offset ratio on hydro-thermal transport phenomena and irreversibility generation of turbulent jet flow
Authors: Bhowmick Debayan , Randive Pitambar , Pati Sukumar
Published: September 2024

The combined influence of offset jet and imposition of swirling motion is crucial because many macro-level electronic devices and heat exchanger systems involve such types of configuration. The mutual impact of the offset ratio and swirl number along with a range of Reynolds numbers is taken into account to briefly discuss the primary laws (first and second) of thermodynamics associated with the prescribed problem. An open channel with variable nozzle height is assumed under forced convective flow conditions. The flow physics associated with the prescribed problem has been solved numerically with an improvised [Formula: see text] turbulent (shear stress transport) model. The intricate interplay between the swirl intensity and the offset upon the thermal and entropy generation characteristics has been revealed in the average Nusselt number, local variation of skin friction coefficient, and total entropy generation by varying the distinct embedded control parameters. The results indicate that a higher range of Reynolds number leads to a high value of average Nusselt number unrelatedly of swirl number and offset ratio. However, the improvement of thermal performance does not depend only upon the heat transfer characteristics but also the total irreversibility should be optimized. In that regard, a swirl ratio of 0.5 with an offset ratio of 3 provides optimized configurations irrespective of all other parameters.
Disciplinary Literacy as Curricular and Instructional Practice in Music Teacher Education
Authors: Bernard Cara Faith
Published: September 2024

Disciplinary literacy focuses on subject-specific practices, vocabulary, and texts for P–12 students to better understand, interpret, and apply their knowledge within a discipline. This type of literacy invites students to actively take up the roles and processes established in the content area. Early experiences are essential in shaping preservice teachers’ understandings about disciplinary literacy; yet, few opportunities exist for learning about disciplinary literacy as an instructional approach, particularly from a musical and sociocultural perspective. In this article, I explore disciplinary literacy as curricular and instructional practice in music teacher education. First, I outline competing views of literacy and define disciplinary literacy in music education. Then, I provide examples of disciplinary literacy—through projects, assignments, and instructional techniques—to support preservice teachers in their development and generation of lessons and curriculum. Within these examples, I propose recommendations for music teacher educators as they cultivate positive, sustainable experiences for disciplinary literacy instruction.
Lung Ultrasound as an Adjunct to Pulse Oximetry and Respiratory Symptoms in the Diagnosis of Freediving-Induced Pulmonary Syndrome
Authors: Yu Elaine , Silva Fernando , Lussier Anna , Lindholm Peter
Published: September 2024

Introduction

B-lines on lung ultrasound have been found in asymptomatic competitive breath-hold divers, but their significance and time to resolution are not well understood. We sought to investigate the relationship between B-lines, oxygen saturation, and respiratory symptoms after competitive dives to diagnose pulmonary injury.

Methods

We performed lung ultrasounds before (predive), immediately after (postdive), and within 1 h (follow-up) of a competitive dive. B-lines were counted in each intercostal space in the anterior, lateral, and posterior lung fields, and the highest number of B-lines within a space was recorded for each lung region. At follow-up, each diver's oxygen saturation and respiratory symptoms were recorded. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman's correlation, and sensitivity and specificity calculations.

Results

Forty-four divers completed 143 individual dives of four different disciplines. The median number of B-lines was 0 (IQR inclusive=0) predive, 1 (IQR=3) postdive, and 0 (IQR=1) at follow-up. There was a significant difference in total B-lines between measurement times ( p<0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of hypoxemia, clinically significant B-lines, and both measures in tandem in detecting respiratory symptomatology were 52% and 76%, 24% and 92%, and 24% and 95%, respectively.

Conclusions

B-lines are a common phenomenon in competitive breath-hold divers on surfacing and decrease within 1 h, suggesting a physiologic fluid shift. B-lines are negatively correlated with oxygen saturation, indicating that extravascular fluid impairs gas exchange in the lung. Neither hypoxemia nor clinically significant B-lines were found to be reliable indicators for respiratory symptomatology, suggesting that there may be multiple phenotypes of freediving-induced pulmonary syndrome.
The Wellbeing Index for Persons with Dementia—An Observational Study Based on the Group Observational Measurement of Engagement (GOME)
Authors: Cohen-Mansfield Jiska , Cohen Rinat
Published: September 2024

The Group Observational Measurement of Engagement (GOME) was developed to capture the impact of group recreational activities on the engagement and general wellbeing of persons with dementia. The psychometric properties of the GOME were originally described in a study of group activities conducted at one large Canadian geriatric center. Continuing this work in Israel, this article reports on further psychometric properties of the GOME based on observations of 115 persons with dementia from 10 geriatric units, of which four were senior day center units (in three institutions) and six were nursing units (representing five other institutions). Very good inter-rater reliability between research observers was found. Factor analysis suggests that the GOME’s four individual-level outcomes can be combined into one indicator, the Wellbeing Index. Validity, examined via agreement between research observers and group activity leaders who were staff members in the facilities where the group activities were conducted, also showed high levels of positive correlations. The GOME provides a practical tool for assessing wellbeing in the context of group activities. It can be useful in clarifying the relative impact of process variables on participants’ general wellbeing.
Using Group History-Taking and Individual Reasoning to Identify Shortcomings in Clinical Reasoning for Medical Students
Authors: Cheng Kuan-Hao , Lee Chi-Yu , Wu Yih-Jer , Lin Ching-Chung
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE

It is crucial that teaching faculties determine and remain informed of medical school learners’ clinical reasoning competence. We created an innovative assessment method for fourth-year medical students to identify deficiencies in various components of their clinical reasoning ability.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional observational study of fourth-year medical students’ reasoning assessments from 2019 to 2022. Teams of four–five trainees questioned standardized patients in clinical scenarios, including fever, abdominal pain, and weight loss. They then individually documented key information to reflect comprehension of patient problems. Trainees were tasked with differentiating diagnoses and associated statuses and reaching the most likely diagnosis along with two tentative diagnoses. The correlations observed between 2020 and 2022 for abdominal pain were analyzed using student t-tests.

RESULTS

A total of 177 students participated in this study. Across the scenarios, there was no significant difference in key information representation scores (56%–58%). Reasoning ability scores were 49% for fever, 57% for abdominal pain, and 61% for weight loss. A comparison between 2020 and 2022 revealed a significant improvement in the objective structured clinical examination scores and differential diagnoses ( P < .01). Shortcomings included brief chief complaint duration, lack of detailed presentation, and insufficient description of negative information. Differential diagnosis and diagnostic justification were inadequate for acute and chronic conditions, and disease location clarity within the organ system was lacking. On average, students presented two correct diagnoses.

CONCLUSIONS

Fourth-year medical students exhibited inadequate reasoning abilities, particularly in fever and abdominal pain scenarios, with deficiencies in hypothesis generation and differential diagnosis. Group history-taking with individual reasoning assessment identified students’ shortcomings and provided faculty feedback to improve their teaching strategies.
The behavioural house indicator: A faster and real time small-area deprivation measure for England
Authors: Viegas Eduardo , Evans Tim S.
Published: September 2024

Researchers have been long preoccupied with the measuring and monitoring of economic and social deprivation at small scales, neighbourhood, level in order to provide official government agencies and policy makers with more precise data insights. Whist valuable methodologies have been developed, the exercise of data collection associated with these methods tends to be expensive, time consuming, published infrequently with significant time delays, and subject to recurring changes to methodology. Here, we propose a novel method based on a straightforward methodology and data sources to generate a faster and real time indicator for deprivation at different scaling, small to larger areas. The results of our work show that our method provides a consistent view of deprivation across the regions of England and Wales, which are in line with the other indexes, but also highlight specific flash points of deep rural and highly dense urban deprivation areas that are not well captured by existing indexes. Our method is intended to aid researchers and policy makers by complementing existing but infrequent indexes.
Influence of the clay fractions from various horizons on the radiation shielding parameters of an Arenosol
Authors: Pires Luiz F. , Yanaguisawa Victor A. , Brinatti André M. , Saab Sérgio C. , Correchel Vladia
Published: September 2024

This study examines the effects of the chemical composition of the clay fraction of various soil horizons on radiation shielding parameters. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis did not reveal significant differences in the concentration of the most abundant oxides (Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3) among the various horizons. Consequently, the mass attenuation coefficient did not vary among the horizons in terms of the photon energies studied (15 keV–10 MeV). The mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL) and tenth-value layer (TVL) did not differ for energies up to 100 keV. However, at higher energies, these parameters were mainly influenced by the differences in the densities of the soil horizons. The effective atomic number did not differ across the horizons for the various photon energies, nor did the mass attenuation coefficient. It is shown that slight differences in the chemical composition of the clay fraction of soil horizons do not affect radiation shielding parameters (MFL, HVL, TVL) for low photon energies (<500 keV). Density is more important for radiation shielding than the chemical composition of the various horizons of the same soil type for higher energies (>100 keV); hence, compacting the clay fraction might be more efficient for radiation shielding purposes at higher energies.
Dose-response relationship of high-intensity training on global cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis - the ACHIEVE-Study
Authors: Afanador-Restrepo Diego Fernando , Casanova-Correa Alejandro , Martín-Ojeda Rita Inés , Aibar-Almazán Agustín , González-Martín Ana María , Hita-Contreras Fidel , del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile María , Castellote-Caballero Yolanda
Published: September 2024

Background

The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subsequent progression to dementia has increased progression to dementia has increased worldwide, making it a topic of interest. of interest, and it has been observed that approximately 23% of cases are avoidable through preventable through vigorous exercise.

Methods

A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted by searching in the PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases. For inclusion, studies had to incorporate High Intensity Training (HIT) as a primary or significant component of the overall intervention for older adults with MCI. Out of the 611 articles identified, 14 randomized clinical trials met the criteria for inclusion in the review.

Results

Fourteen trials were included in the systematic review, and seven were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 1839 participants were included in the studies, with 1014 receiving a high-intensity training-based intervention, and 998 were considered in the meta-analysis. Compared to usual care or sedentary activities, the high-intensity training interventions had a positive effect on cognition, either improving it or delaying the decline (g = 0.710 (95% CI: 0.191 — 1.229; p = 0.007). Additionally, the meta-analysis determined that a frequency of 3 sessions per week (g = 0.964, CI = 0.091 — 1.837, p = 0.030) of approximately 60 minutes (g = 0.756, CI = 0.052 — 1.460, p = 0.035) each was the best dose to obtain better effects on global cognition.

Conclusion

Low-frequency and short-duration high-intensity training interventions are sufficient to improve or at least delay the decline in global cognition.
Comparison of combination therapy with tamsulosin and dutasteride or finasteride in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Basiri Abbas , Zare Rasool , Zahir Mazyar , Kashi Amir Hossein , Zobeiry Mahsa , Borumandnia Nasrin , Abedi Amir Reza , Golshan Shabnam
Published: September 2024

Background

Based on our observations at the largest outpatient urology clinic in Iran, patients for whom finasteride is prescribed as a secondary drug to tamsulosin tend to experience earlier and more severe sexual side effects without any difference in the amelioration of symptoms. This study aimed to compare the time lag, efficacy, and side effects of combination therapy with varying doses of dutasteride or finasteride added to tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treatment.

Methods

In this study 165 were randomized into 5 groups (each N = 33); receiving tamsulosin 0.4mg plus either of A: finasteride 3mg, B: placebo, C: dutasteride 0.25mg, D: finasteride 5mg or E: dutasteride 0.5mg. During the 6-month period of the study, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), post-void residual urine (PVR), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), prostate volume (PV), prostate specific antigen (PSA) and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) were evaluated at baseline and at the 1st, 3rd and 6th month. The differences between each time point and baseline were then compared between groups.

Results

At 3-month follow-up, group E exhibited a higher decrease in PSA but a greater increase in Qmax compared to group A (p = 0.047 and 0.006, respectively). Group C showed higher Qmax increase compared to group A at 3 and 6 months (p = 0.003 and 0.014) and concurrently a more pronounced PV decrease at 1 and 3 months (p = 0.047 and 0.003, respectively). Group D had a significantly more decrease in their IIEF-5 compared to group A at one-month visit (p = 0.006).

Conclusions

In summary, at the sixth-month follow-up, dutasteride demonstrated superiority over finasteride solely in enhancing Qmax. Therefore, dutasteride may be marginally more beneficial as a secondary component of combination therapy in BPH.

Trial registration IRCT, IRCT20120516009772N2. Registered 18 January 2021 Retrospectively registered, https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20120516009772N2.
TRPV2: a universal regulator in cellular physiology with a yet poorly defined thermosensitivity
Authors: Fricke Tabea C. , Leffler Andreas
Published: September 2024

Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels serve as sensors for variations in ambient temperature, modulating both thermoregulation and temperature responsive cellular processes. Among these, the vanilloid TRP subfamily (TRPV) comprises six members and at least four of these members (TRPV1-TRPV4) have been associated with thermal sensation. TRPV2 has been described as a sensor for noxious heat, but subsequent studies have unveiled a more complex role for TRPV2 beyond temperature perception. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate thermosensitivity of TRPV2 by synthesizing current knowledge on its biophysical properties, expression pattern and known physiological functions associated with thermosensation.
Literature review of comparative school-to-work research: how institutional settings shape individual labour market outcomes
Authors: Marczuk Anna
Published: September 2024

Comparative school-to-work research has long emphasised the role of institutions in shaping youth labour market integration. This paper provides an overview of this research stream, consisting of four main sections. The first section introduces a variety of labour market outcomes of young graduates within Europe and identifies country clusters with higher and lower outcomes; this empirical evidence has so far remained limited in the multivariate oriented research stream. The second section links these labour market outcomes to the institutional settings of the education systems prevalent in the country clusters. By considering a wide country sample, it introduces a reliable country classification of transition regimes (along the OLM–ILM continuum), which has so far been partly inconclusive in research. The third section links labour market outcomes in turn to labour market institutions of the country clusters. This section emphasizes why labour market institutions drive only particular individual outcomes. Finally, the fourth section connects the previous three: it describes how certain institutional complementarities affect the youth labour market integration in the identified European country clusters. The review further identifies theoretical inconclusiveness or data-related desiderata, for which recommendations and solutions are proposed. The paper thus aims to assist both familiar and unfamiliar researchers to access the research stream by offering a comprehensive introduction and clear country classifications, linking research streams, and providing solutions to identified issues.
A comprehensive atlas of nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin (NUMT) inserted into the pig genome
Authors: Bolner Matteo , Bovo Samuele , Ballan Mohamad , Schiavo Giuseppina , Taurisano Valeria , Ribani Anisa , Bertolini Francesca , Fontanesi Luca
Published: September 2024

Background

The integration of nuclear mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the mammalian genomes is an ongoing, yet rare evolutionary process that produces nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin (NUMT). In this study, we identified and analysed NUMT inserted into the pig (Sus scrofa) genome and in the genomes of a few other Suinae species. First, we constructed a comparative distribution map of NUMT in the Sscrofa11.1 reference genome and in 22 other assembled S. scrofa genomes (from Asian and European pig breeds and populations), as well as the assembled genomes of the Visayan warty pig (Sus cebifrons) and warthog (Phacochoerus africanus). We then analysed a total of 485 whole genome sequencing datasets, from different breeds, populations, or Sus species, to discover polymorphic NUMT (inserted/deleted in the pig genome). The insertion age was inferred based on the presence or absence of orthologous NUMT in the genomes of different species, taking into account their evolutionary divergence. Additionally, the age of the NUMT was calculated based on sequence degradation compared to the authentic mtDNA sequence. We also validated a selected set of representative NUMT via PCR amplification.

Results

We have constructed an atlas of 418 NUMT regions, 70 of which were not present in any assembled genomes. We identified ancient NUMT regions (older than 55 million years ago, Mya) and NUMT that appeared at different time points along the Suinae evolutionary lineage. We identified very recent polymorphic NUMT (private to S. scrofa, with < 1 Mya), and more ancient polymorphic NUMT (3.5–10 Mya) present in various Sus species. These latest polymorphic NUMT regions, which segregate in European and Asian pig breeds and populations, are likely the results of interspecies admixture within the Sus genus.

Conclusions

This study provided a first comprehensive analysis of NUMT present in the Sus scrofa genome, comparing them to NUMT found in other species within the order Cetartiodactyla. The NUMT-based evolutionary window that we reconstructed from NUMT integration ages could be useful to better understand the micro-evolutionary events that shaped the modern pig genome and enriched the genetic diversity of this species.
“Do they think I’m good enough?”: General practitioners’ experiences when treating doctor-patients
Authors: Hutton Claire J. , Kay Margaret , Round Penny , Barton Chris
Published: September 2024

Background

When doctors seek medical care, there is evidence that the treating doctor can struggle to provide optimal treatment. Guidelines state that doctor-patients should be treated like any other patient, but this is challenging for the treating doctor. This study set out to explore both the positive experiences general practitioners (GPs) have when caring for doctor-patients, and the challenges they confront. It sought to identify whether GPs believe they treat doctor-patients differently to other patients and if so, in what ways, for what reasons, and how this impacts their provision of care. The study also aimed to develop a model that makes sense of GPs’ experiences when caring for a patient who is also a medical doctor.

Method

Qualitative in-depth interviews with 26 GPs were carried out, with analysis of de-identified transcripts using pragmatic grounded theory. Evolving understandings were used to develop a model to make sense of GPs’ experiences caring for their doctor-patients.

Results

The core aspects of GPs’ experiences of treating fellow doctors centred around concepts of respect and collegiality. These play a central role in mediating how a treating doctor experiences a consultation with a doctor-patient, influencing the quality of care provided. GPs shared that the use of medical language (and assumptions about the doctor-patient’s knowledge/behaviours), testing, the exploration of sensitive issues, and the degree of shared decision-making were areas where their treatment might vary when treating a doctor-patient. Treating doctors often experience anxiety about errors and the likely scrutiny from the medical, and wider community. The decision to treat the doctor-patient differently was driven by a desire to maintain a sense of collegiality, to not offend, to meet their doctor-patient’s expectations, and to appear competent.

Conclusion

The professional socialisation of doctors, with its emphasis on collegiality and respect, plays a significant role in the dynamics of the therapeutic relationship when a doctor treats a doctor-patient. Current guidelines make little reference to these dynamics with the over-simplified ‘keep it normal’ recommendations. Treating doctors need evidence-informed training to navigate these challenges and ensure they can effectively deliver quality care to their doctor-patients.