PK-PD-efficacy modeling of brigimadlin in MDM2-amplified glioblastoma.
Authors: Vaubel Rachael A. , Zhang Wenjuan , Burgenske Danielle M , Waller Katie L , Decker Paul A , Kosel Matt L , Gupta Shiv K , Hu Zeng , Ott Lauren L , Carlson Brett L , Bakken Katrina K , Talele Surabhi , Oh Ju-Hee , Eckel-Passow Jeanette , Sini Patrizia , Galanis Evanthia , Elmquist William F , Sarkaria Jann Nagina 
Published: June 2024

2071

Background: Brigimadlin (BI 907828) is a potent small molecule inhibitor of the p53-MDM2 pathway currently in a phase 0/1 clinical trial in combination with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed MGMTunmethylated glioblastoma (GBM). To inform development of brigimadlin for GBM, we developed a pharmacokinetic (PK)/ pharmacodynamic (PD)/ efficacy model using GBM patient derived xenografts (PDXs). Methods: Brigimadlin PK parameters were evaluated in FVB wild-type and knockout (Mdr1a/b-/-Bcrp1-/-) mice and in athymic nude mice. Drug binding was measured by rapid equilibrium dialysis, and drug levels quantified by LC/MS-MS. Dose-response relationships were evaluated in subcutaneous and orthotopic PDXs across a range of doses. Response to brigimadlin (2 mg/kg weekly) +/- RT (2 Gy x 10 fractions) was evaluated in orthotopic PDXs. Results: Brigimadlin significantly delayed median time to regrowth of GBM108 ( MDM2amplified) subcutaneous tumors (vs. placebo; p<0.05) at dose levels of 0.25 mg/kg (1.3-fold), 0.5 mg/kg (1.5-fold), 1 mg/kg (2.6-fold), and 2 mg/kg (5.3-fold). A single dose of brigimadlin resulted in corresponding intra-tumoral drug levels 24 hours post-dose: 84 nM (0.25 mg/kg), 175 nM (0.5 mg/kg), 398 nM (1 mg/kg) and 924 nM (2 mg/kg) and dose-dependent upregulation of p53 target genes (p21 and PUMA). In contrast, GBM14 ( MDM2non-amplified) showed regrowth delay (1.6-fold) only at 2 mg/kg (p=0.008). Brigimadlin was highly bound (fraction unbound = 0.0006 in brain; 0.0017 in GBM tumor tissue), and CNS distribution was limited by efflux; in wild-type mice Kp,uu_brain = 0.002 ± 0.003; in Mdr1a/b-/-Bcrp1-/- mice Kp,uu = 0.043 ± 0.025. Efficacy of brigimadlin was compared in orthotopic GBM108 PDXs grown in athymic nude mice vs. immuno/efflux-deficient (Rag2-/-Mdr1a-/-Bcrp1-/-) mice. In nude mice, median survival was extended at 2 mg/kg brigimadlin (1.4-fold, p=0.009), with corresponding intra-tumoral drug levels of 29 nM. In efflux deficient mice, median survival was extended (p<0.05) at 0.25 mg/kg (1.5-fold), 0.5 mg/kg (1.5-fold), 1 mg/kg (1.8-fold), and 2 mg/kg (>4-fold). Measurement of intra-tumoral drug levels is in progress. In combination with RT in GBM108, brigimadlin (2 mg/kg x 2 weeks) extended median survival vs. vehicle (66 vs. 50 days; p=0.012) and enhanced median survival following RT (128.5 vs. 82 days; p=0.009). In GBM14, 2 mg/kg brigimadlin (2 mg/kg x 12 weeks) extended median survival (39.5 vs. 32.5 days; p=0.0004) and enhanced survival following RT (97 vs. 81 days; p<0.0001). Conclusions: Efficacy of brigimadlin is dependent on adequate CNS delivery. Studies in subcutaneous PDX demonstrated intra-tumoral total drug levels in the mid-nanomolar range provide meaningful tumor effects in a highly sensitive, MDM2 amplified PDX. In orthotopic PDXs with and without MDM2 amplification, brigimadlin provided further benefit in combination with RT. These data support ongoing clinical evaluation of brigimadlin in GBM.