bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicon dioxide-nanoparticle nutrition mitigates salinity in gerbera by modulating ion accumulation and antioxidants
Authors: Hajizadeh Hanifeh Seyed , Asadi Mahsa , Zahedi Seyed Morteza , Hamzehpour Nikoo , Rasouli Farzad , Helvacı Murat , Alas Turgut
Published: June 2021

This work aimed to investigate the interaction between salt stress and the application of silicon dioxide-nanoparticles. In this study, gerbera plants grown in soilless culture were supplied with nutrient solutions with different NaCl concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mM) in combination with SiO2-NPs spray (0, 25 and 50 mg · L−1). Exposure of gerbera to salinity increased sodium concentration but decreased potassium and calcium concentrations in leaf as well as stem length/diameter, fresh/dry weight, leaf/flower number, flower diameter and leaf area. It also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and electrolyte leakage. Results indicated that SiO2-NPs could improve growth, biochemical and physiological traits. It increased stem thickness but slightly affected stem length. Flower diameter was not affected by salinity rates up to 10 mM of NaCl. However, a significant difference was observed between controls and plants treated with 30 mM of NaCl. Salinity increased the electrolyte leakage (32.5%), malondialdehyde (83.8%), hydrogen peroxide (113.5%), and the antioxidant enzyme activities such as ascorbate peroxidase (3.4-fold) and guaiacol peroxidase (6-fold) where SiO2-NPs activated them more, except for superoxide dismutase. Under salinity (30 mM), the increase in SiO2-NPs (especially at 25 mg · L−1) led to the increase in the uptake of Ca2+ (25.3%) as well as K+ (27.1%) and decreased absorption of Na+ (6.3%). SiO2-NPs has potential in improving salinity tolerance in gerbera. It seems that the sensitivity threshold of gerbera to the salinity was 10 mM and the use of SiO2-NPs is also effective in non-saline conditions.
Perceived destination image of Poland: an analysis based on Ukrainian and Russian perceptions
Authors: Kamińska Wioletta , Mularczyk Mirosław , Chrapek Magdalena , Dubis Lidiya , Malska Marta , Nesterov Evgeny
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to compare the perceived destination image of Poland as seen by Russians and Ukrainians. This study contributes to understanding the process of how the image of a destination is shaped, the new contribution being the comparison of the image of Poland as perceived by visitors and non-visitors of two nations, which until 1991 were a part of one state. The study is based on a questionnaire consisting of 16 statements on the perceived destination image of Poland. A 5-point Likert scale was used in the survey. A total of 710 people were examined, including 348 Russians and 362 Ukrainians. The reliability of the survey was assessed using Cronbach's alpha index. The hypotheses verification, using Student's t-test, showed that Russians and Ukrainians perceived Poland as an attractive country in terms of tourism. No major differences between Russians and Ukrainians were observed in the perception of Poland as a tourist destination. Moreover, no influence of past experience was noted on the shaping of the perceived destination image of Poland. Additionally, some managerial implications of significant relevance to destination marketing are discussed, and future directions for research are outlined.
Declining sikh space on the religious and political landscape of India
Authors: Mangat Harwant Singh , Ahmed Shaik Iftikhar , Gill Lakhvir Singh
Published: June 2021

This study is devoted to highlighting the temporal trends and spatial variations in the concentration and growth of the major religious groups in India with special reference to the Sikh population. Such studies are gaining importance with the increasing penetration of both the religion and caste-composition in the political environment of the country. Although religious and caste interventions in politics are prevalent in all the elections, these become stronger as we move down from Parliamentary to Panchayat elections in which the voting pattern changes in favour of religion and caste groups. It has been observed that the share of Muslim population increased by 5.96% between 2001 and 2011, while it declined in the case of all other communities and the maximum decline (−8.02%) was noticed in the case of the Sikh population with the lowest share among all the major religious communities in India. The Sikh population also recorded the lowest growth rate of 8.42% against 24.65% and 16.76% witnessed by Muslims and Hindus respectively between2001 and 2011. The study is based on the religious data released by the Census of India.
PENGATURAN POLA ARUS LALU LINTAS DI KAWASAN PLTU KARANGKANDRI CILACAP (Studi Kasus : Ruas Jalan Lingkar Timur Cilacap)
Authors: Prasetyo Probo Yudha , Priyanto Sigit , Muthohar Imam
Published: June 2021

Keberadaan PLTU Karangkandri yang berada di Kabupaten Cilacap, tepatnya di ruas Jalan Lingkar Timur memberikan dampak yang cukup besar pada ruas jalan di sekitarnya terutama pada ruas Jalan Raya Soekarno-Hatta yang menjadi salah satu jalur pegiriman batubara dari Pelabuhan Tanjung Intan Cilacap ke kawasan PLTU Karangkandri. Hal tersebut menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya penurunan kinerja jalan di ruas jalan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuaan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kegiatan PLTU Karangkandri terhadap kinerja Jalan Raya Soekarno-Hatta dan Jalan Lingkar Timur serta melakukan antisipasi dampak lalu lintas guna meminimalisasi permasalahan lalu lintas di sekitar kawasan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perhitungan berdasarkan MKJI tahun 1997 untuk mengetahui kinerja ruas jalan dan simpang. Perhitungan tersebut dilakukan dengan skenario perhitungan pada kondisi eksisting, kondisi rekomendasi, kondisi pada tahun rencana serta kondisi pada tahun rencana dengan rekomendasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengaruh kegiatan PLTU Karangkandri khususnya pergerakan kendaraan batubara memberikan pengaruh sebesar sebesar 4-5% dari volume kendaraan pada saat jam puncak di ruas Jalan Lingkar Timur dan Jalan Soekarno-Hatta. Hambatan samping yang tinggi di sepanjang ruas jalan serta kondisi prasarana jalan yang kurang memadai untuk kendaraan batubara manuver sesuai dengan radius yang ditetapkan menyebabkan terjadinya permasalahan di sekitar kawasan tersebut. Antisipasi dampak yang dilakukan adalah dengan menerapkan pengaturan pola arus lalu lintas khususnya pada kendaraan batubara serta melakukan rekayasa lalu lintas di sekitar kawasan tersebut. Kondisi kinerja ruas jalan dan simpang pada skenario rekomendasi berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh peningkatan kinerja ruas jalan dan kinerja simpang.
Analysis Effect Of Thick Ballast On Track Quality Index (TQI) Value Route Wonokromo – Mojokerto
Authors: Subarkah Untung , Widyastuti Hera , Prastyanto Catur Arif
Published: June 2021

In Operational  Area  8 Surabaya there are several railway lines, one of which is the Wonokromo - Mojokerto line. This lane has a fairly heavy train traffic frequency including the connecting lane south. This will affect the quality of roads on the Wonokromo - Mojokerto line. To assess damage to a railroad seen from several aspects in the structure of the railroad. These aspects are the structure of the railroad, the structure of the railroad and the geometrical structure of the railroad. In Indonesian railways, the railroad uses railroad geometry consisting of several parameters (track gauge, cant, longitudinal level, and lateral level.) as a basis for assessing railroad quality. In this study will analyze the structure of the railroad under the thickness of the ballast to the Track Quality Index (TQI). In this study using a simple linear regression analysis to determine the variation of the thickness of the ballast to TQI. From the results of the analysis conducted, obtained thickness changes that occur in ballast that affect the value of the Track Quality Index (TQI). Where the greater ballast, the greater the value of TQI.
Analisis Jalur Trans Kutaraja di Kota Banda Aceh di Tinjau Dari Pengembangan Wilayah
Authors: Robin Renny Anggeraeni , Fadhly Noer , Achmad Ashfa
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Banda Aceh City is the capital of Aceh Province with a population growth rate of 1.97%, has a city spatial planning area of 6,136 Ha, or 5,903 Ha based on digitizing Satellite Imagery, with a population in 2019 of 270,321 thousand people, and a density population of 4,405 people/ km2 . Trans Kutaraja is one mode of transport public road based in the city of Banda Aceh has been in operation since 2016. Banda Aceh with all aktivistas in it continues to develop, the land use pattern is dominated by residential areas of 52.62%, trade and services areas of 13.38%, public service areas of 6.30%, office areas of 2.37% and mixed areas of 2.79%. Population density can affect accessibility in achieving travel destinations , increasing travel will lead to the need for transportation facilities , currently the percentage of Trans Kutaraja service coverage still has not reached all corners of the city of Banda Aceh, which is 31%. Keywords: Public Transportation, Accessibility, Banda Aceh City.
Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani Lansia Dikaji Berdasarkan Tingkat Partisipasi dan Gender
Authors: Hambali Ricky Malik , Kusmaedi Nurlan , Jajat Jajat
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji tingkat kebugaran jasmani lansia dikaji berdasarkan partisipasi dan jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini menggunakan kausal komparatif. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu lanjut usia (> 60thn) sebanyak 40 orang (L=29, P=11) yang diambil menggunakan metode total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kehadiran partisipasi latihan dan 6 komponen tes kebugaran jasmani lansia Senior Fitness Test Manual. Analisis yang digunakan ialah one way anova  untuk analisis berdasarkan partisipasi dan independent simpe T test untuk analisis berdasarkan gender. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini sebesar 0,797>0,05 untuk analisis partisipasi dan 0,797>0,05 untuk analisis berdasarkan gender yang artinnya bahwa kebugaran jasmani didasarkan pada tingkat partisipasi dan jenis kelamin tidak ada perbedaan.
Analisis Ketepatan Hasil Pukulan Normal Grip dan Short Grip dalam Permainan Hockey untuk Atlet Pemula
Authors: Karim Doddy Abdul , Hasan Muhamad Fahmi , Juniarsyah Agung Dwi
Published: June 2021

Tujuan: Terdapat 2 teknik pegangan yang sering digunakan oleh para pemain hockey, yaitu normal grip dan short grip. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan normal grip dan short grip terhadap ketepatan dalam melakukan pukulan bola hockey. Sampel dan Metode: 30 mahasiswa UPI Bandung yang baru saja memasuki Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa (UKM) hockey, mengikuti penelitian quasi-eperimental, randomized, pre-test dan post-test design. Seluruh peserta yang dibagi menjadi 2 group NG group dan SG group, yang menyelesaikan masing-masing pengujian pre-tests dan post-tests. Hasil: Meskipun kenaikan pada seluruh group tidak signifikan (-.069), namun yang harus di lihat adalah, SG group memiliki kenaikan rata-rata yang tinggi, dari test awal 10 menjadi 31. 46, sedangkan group NG memiliki kenaikan rata-rata dari 7.1 menjadi 25.33. Kesimpulan: Dalam penelitian yang telah kami lakukan, kami menemukan bahwa normal grip dan short grip memiliki efektivitas ketepatan dalam melakukan shooting di permainan hockey. Namun, berdasarkan temuan kami, short grip memiliki rata-rata peningkatan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan normal grip. Hal ini terlihat daripada jumlah skor yang lebih besar pada post-tests pada kelompok SG dibandingkan kelompok NG.
Dampak Berita Olahraga di Media Massa (Internet) terhadap Sikap Siswa SMA pada Aktivitas Jasmani
Authors: Jajat Jajat
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh berita olahraga di media massa internet terhadap sikap siswa SMA pada aktivitas jasmani. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah esperimen. Populasi dan sampel yaitu siswa SMAN 6 Bandung, 50 orang kelompok eksperimen dan 50 orang kontrol. Instrumen penelitian diadaptasi dari Kenyon (1968) Attitude Toward Physical Activity (ATPA). Hasil penelitian terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari berita olahraga di media massa (internet) dengan t=9,7 p=0,000, sedangkan kelompok kontrol t=0,906 p=0,369. Terdapat perbedaan sikap terhadap aktivitas jasmani kelompok eksperimen dengan kontrol, t=3,496 p=0,001. Kesimpulan, 1) Berita olahraga di media massa (internet) dapat mempengaruhi sikap siswa SMA terhadap aktivitas jasmani. 2) Terdapat perbedaan sikap siswa SMA terhadap aktivitas jasmani, antara siswa yang aktif membaca berita olahraga kesehatan di media massa (internet) dengan yang tidak aktif.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sports news on the internet mass media on high school students' attitudes towards physical activity. The research method used was experiment. Population and sample are students of SMAN 6 Bandung, 50 people in the experimental group and 50 people as controls. The first research instrument from Kenyon's (1968) Attitude Toward Physical Activity (ATPA). The results of the study showed a significant effect of sports news in the mass media (internet) with t = 9.7 p = 0.000, while the control group t = 0.906 p = 0.369. The existence of differences in attitudes towards physical activity in the experimental group with the control, t = 3.496 p = 0.001. Conclusion, 1) Sports news in mass media (internet) can influence high school students' attitudes towards physical activities. 2) the presence of high school students' attitudes towards physical activity, between students who actively read health sports news in mass media (internet) and those who are not active.
Kontribusi Motor Educability Dalam Low Rope Circuit Activity Pada Kegiatan Outbound
Authors: Rustiawan Hendra , Rohendi Andang
Published: June 2021

Proses belajar mengajar dilingkungan prodi PJKR tidak hanya di ruang kelas namun di luar kelas pun ada. Karena ada beberapa mata kuliah yang membutuhkan praktek di lapangan selain di kelas, seperti sepak bola, bola voli, bola basket dan PLS (Pendidikan Luar Sekolah). Karena sebagai calon guru penjas tidak hanya terbatas pada mata pelajaran pendidikan jasmani namun lebih dari itu, karena di lingkungan sekolah biasanya yang dipercaya dalam kegiatan sekolah terutama kegiatan outdoor yang ditunjuk oleh kepala sekolah atau wakil kepala sekolah biasanya guru penjas, sehingga prodi PJKR Universitas Galuh berusaha mempersiapkan SDM (sumber daya manusia) yaitu calon guru penjas untuk senantiasa siap mengemban tugas dari sekolah salah satunya mampu memiliki pengetahuan dalam hal kegiatan outdoor seperti outbound. Kegiatan outbound ini terdiri dari catchen crawl, two line bridge, elvis travers, commando crawl, tarzan travers, dan hebee zebee dan hasil yang didapat dan dirasakan oleh para peserta outbound ini sangat terasa mulai dari kondisi fisik yang harus dipersiapkan seperti kekuatan, kecepatan, power, daya tahan otot, daya tahan kardiovaskular, fleksibilitas, keseimbangan, koordinasi, kelincahan, akurasi, dan reaksi, serta pengetahuan tentang outbound sehingga para mahasiswa memiliki wawasan keilmuan dan pengalaman tentang motor educability dan outbound yang kelak dapat digunakan ketika mereka menjadi guru penjas atau instruktur outbound.The teaching and learning process in the PJKR study program was not only in the classroom but also outside the classroom. Because there were several subjects that required practice in the field other than in the classroom, such as soccer, volleyball, basketball and PLS (Outside School Education). Because as a physical education teacher candidate it was not only limited to physical education subjects but more than that, because in the school environment usually those who were trusted in school activities, especially outdoor activities appointed by the principal or deputy principal of the school were usually physical education teachers, so the Galuh University PJKR study program tries preparing human resources (human resources), namely prospective physical education teachers to always be ready to carry out the duties of the school, one of which is being able to have knowledge in terms of outdoor activities such as outbound activities. This outbound activity consists of catchen crawl, two line bridges, elvis travers, commando crawl, tarzan travers, and hebee zebee and the results obtained and felt by the outbound participants were very pronounced starting from the physical conditions that must be prepared such as strength, speed, power, muscle endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, balance, coordination, agility, accuracy, and reaction, as well as outbound knowledge so that students have scientific insight and experience about motor educability and outbound activities that can later be used when they become physical education teachers or instructors. outbound.
Outdoor Recreation: Perencanaan Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Pengembangan Wisata Pendidikan Ciungwanara
Authors: Kurniawan Asep Ridwan , Rohendi Andang
Published: June 2021

Peran serta masyarakat sebagai penggerak roda dan pendukung terciptanya Ciungwanara sebagai salah satu lokasi pendidikan berbasis alam dan budaya masih kurang sehingga perlu adanya inovasi untuk meningkatkan keberlangsungan objek wisata tersebut. Penelitian ini bertema pengembangan objek wisata Ciungwanara Karangkamulyan Kabupaten Ciamis dengan spesifikasi penelitian berfokus pada pengembangan wisata pendidikan rekreasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan natural setting dan community approach. Parameter yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu tipologi bangunan rekreasi. Observasi awal pada penelitian ini yaitu masih kurangnya pengembangan objek wisata rekreasi berbasis pendidikan di Ciungwanara mengenai tata kelola dan pengembangannya sehingga tindakan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti mengenai kekurangan tersebut yaitu memasukan beberapa indikator mengenai tipologi bangunan wisata rekreasi berbasis pendidikan dihubungankan dengan hasil temuan dilapangan. Hasil kajian yang diperoleh yaitu dari segi perencanaan bahwa perlu menciptakan perencanaan partisipatif antara pemangku kebijakan dengan beberapa tim ahli pendidikan dan pakar budaya mengenai penerapan objek wisata Ciungwanara sebagai objek wisata rekreasi berbasis pendidikan alam dan budaya. Pemberdayaan masyarakat harus memiliki peran aktif dalam pengembangan potensi alam Ciungwanara sebagai wahana pendidikan berbasis alam terbuka (outdoor recreation).Community participation as a driving force and support for the creation of Ciungwanara as one of the locations for education based on nature and culture is still lacking, so there is a need for innovation to improve the sustainability of these tourist objects. This research has the theme of developing a tourist attraction in Ciungwanara Karangkamulyan, Ciamis Regency. The research specification focuses on the development of recreational educational tourism. The research method used is qualitative research with a natural setting approach and a community approach. The parameters used in this study are the typology of recreational buildings. Initial observations in this study are that there is still a lack of development of educational-based recreational tourism objects in Ciungwanara regarding its management and development so that the actions taken by researchers regarding these deficiencies are including several indicators regarding the typology of educational-based recreational tourism buildings related to the findings in the field. The results of the study obtained are in terms of planning that it is necessary to create participatory planning between policy makers and several teams of education experts and cultural experts regarding the application of Ciungwanara tourism object as a recreation tourism object based on natural and cultural education. Community empowerment must have an active role in developing Ciungwanara's natural potential as a vehicle for outdoor based education (outdoor recreation).
Participatory action imaging in increasing clinician confidence of trigger point dry needling or trigger point injection of muscles requiring use of intercostal blocking: A case report
Authors: Ball Andrew M. , Ball Erin E. , Satriano Rob , Stokes Jenni
Published: June 2021

Some clinicians privately report a lack of confidence of being able to safely perform trigger point dry needling (TrPDN) or trigger point injection (TrPI) on muscles that require intercostal blocking, presumably resulting in procedural underutilization. Participatory action imaging (PAI), combined with procedural training and literature review of adverse event incidence, can be a useful tool in enhancing clinician confidence. A 6’ 2”, 185 lbs, 53-year-old male clinician subject with a latissimus dorsi trigger point (TrP) and privately reported high anxiety of performing TrPDN using the intercostal blocking technique, was examined to determine how clinician subject confidence could be improved through PAI and education regarding the degree of coverage of the intercostal space and rib during intercostal blocking. The clinician subject was placed in a left lateral decubitus position and rib imaged with a Siemens Acuson S2000 Ultrasound system with an 18L6 16 Hz high definition linear probe without intercostal blocking, and subsequently with intercostal blocking during maximal exhalation and inhalation, respectively. During intercostal blocking with maximal exhalation, the pleural space and an additional 13% of each side of the rib’s superior and inferior borders were completely blocked by the examiner’s fingers. During intercostal blocking with maximal inhalation, the pleural space and an additional 3% of each side of the rib’s superior and inferior borders were completely blocked by the fingers of the clinician. On visual inspection and interpretation of the images (e.g., PAI), the clinician subject reported a “significant” decrease in self-reported anxiety in performing the intercostal blocking technique (STAI Y-1 score improvement to “low to no anxiety range”). While more study is needed to investigate how variation in patient anatomy (weight, height, and morphology), clinician anatomy (hand size), needle direction, and specific rib being used for influences patient safety, this case report presents PAI as a previously undescribed means for future research and clinician education regarding risk assessment of TrPDN or TrPI of muscles requiring intercostal blocking.
Epilepsy and syphilis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yue Wei , Hou Shuping , Cui Wanzhen , Xiang Lei
Published: June 2021

Background:

Epileptic seizures were noted as one of the most overlooked manifestations in syphilis; therefore a few clinicians are concerned about the relationship between epilepsy and syphilis. Our study sought to clarify the prevalence and clinical features of epileptic seizures in patients with syphilis.

Methods:

We retrieved relevant articles from different databases, using the keywords “syphilis and epilepsy” and then performed statistical analysis to characterize the relationship between these diseases.

Results:

Forty one articles were included in this study: eight described the prevalence of syphilis and epilepsy and the remaining 33 were case reports on syphilis with epileptic seizures. The meta-analysis included 1252 patients with syphilis. The pooled estimate of proportion of prevalence (95% confidence interval) was 0.1384 (0.0955–0.2005), and the proportion and heterogeneity showed different degrees of change among three subgroups. The systematic review included 46 cases of syphilis with epileptic seizures. Thirty two (80%) patients had motor seizures, among whom 20 (62.5%) had tonic-clonic seizures. In addition, 30 (75%) patients had impaired awareness and 18 (45%) had status seizures. Twenty five (62.5%) patients were 35–55 years of age, and 77.5% of the included patients were men. Thirty seven (97.4%) patients were seizure-free after anti-syphilis treatment.

Limitations:

Research in this field has been conducted for a relatively short period and publication bias may exist. Furthermore, some patients with syphilis and epileptic seizures may not have received a clear diagnosis.

Conclusion:

The proportion of prevalence was 0.1384. Most of the included patients were 35–55 years of age and had impaired awareness and motor seizures. Many patients with syphilis and epileptic seizure showed full recovery or the development of minor neurological sequelae, and nearly all patients were seizure-free after timely anti-syphilis treatment.
Changing concepts and trends from dental amalgam to composites
Authors: Anguswamy Sriganesh , Adeni K. Moina
Published: June 2021

An increase in concern regarding the safety and inferior aesthetics of amalgam restorations in dentistry has resulted in a transition from amalgam to other alternative dental materials such as composite resins. This article would critically analyze both the materials and the need for this changeover by means of scientific literature.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding clinical diagnosis and certification of death by dentists
Authors: Subramaniam R. , Kuruvilla Suneesh , Latti Pooja , Jose Nitha , Ameena Nimda , Haleem Hamlu , Shahjahan Fathima
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

The medical officers play a major role in certification of death. In the year 2014, the Dental Council of India revised the Dentist’s (Code of Ethics) Regulation that enables a dentist to issue a death certificate if a patient dies during procedure. This survey was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding clinical diagnosis and certification of death by clinical dental student, dental house surgeons, postgraduate students, and dental faculty.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out in two dental colleges in central Kerala. A prefabricated validity tested questionnaire consisting of 16 questions assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice was used for the study. Results were expressed as number and percentage of respondents for each question and were analyzed using the SPSS Version 17 software. Chi-square test was used for inferential analysis.

Results:

The total sample size was 329. About 53% knew that dentists could certify death, of whom 9% knew that was the only circumstance for a dentist to certify death. About 13% of the respondents knew the criteria of clinical diagnosis as outlined by the WHO criteria. About 92% opined that there is a need for dentists to be trained on this topic. Only 20% felt that the present undergraduate curriculum is competent enough to enable dentist to certify death.

Conclusion:

The study reveals the lack of knowledge among the dental fraternity regarding the clinical diagnosis and certification of death. With dental undergraduate curriculum competent enough to provide the dentists with knowledge regarding its allied aspects, incorporation of the same in the present curriculum could play a significant role in enabling dentists to clinically diagnose and certify death.
Independent Effects of Metabolic Syndrome and Air Pollution (PM2.5) on Atherosclerosis in Modernizing China
Authors:   Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, KS Woo , KCY Timothy ,   Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P Chook ,   Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, YJ Hu ,   Nineth Peoples’ Hospital of Chongqing, China, YH Yin ,   Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China, CQ Lin ,   Department of Civil and Environment and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, KHA Lau ,   Department of Civil and Environment and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, PWA Lee ,   Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, DS Celermajer ,   Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Published: June 2021

Background: Air Pollution (AP) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are important global health hazards of the 21st century, in mainland China in particular, and AP has been associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. Methods: To evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome on AP-related atherogenesis, 1557 Han Chinese adults (mean age 47.2±11.8 years, male 47%) in Hong Kong, Macau, Pun Yu, Yu County (Shanxi coalmine) and 3-Gorges (Yangtze River) were studied. Cardiovascular risk profiles and metabolic syndrome (IDF criteria) were evaluated. PM2.5 (satellite sensor modeling), and atherosclerotic surrogates, brachial reactivity (FMD) and carotid Intima-media thickness (IMT) (ultrasound), were measured. Results: The yearly PM2.5 concentration ranged from 34.0μg/m³ in Hong Kong to 93.8μg/m³ in 3-Gorges Territories. MS was diagnosed in 340 subjects (21.8%). Smoking status, gender and PM2.5 were similar in the MS cohort versus those without MS. Blood pressures (SBP and DBP), waist circumference, triglycerides and glucose were higher, but high-density lipidcholesterol was lower in the MS cohort, compared to the other subjects. Brachial FMD was significantly lower and carotid IMT significantly higher (0.70±0.13 mm, 95% CI 0.68-0.71 mm vs. 0.63mm±0.14mm, 95% CI 0.62-0.64 mm) in the MS cohort than those without (P<0.0001). On multivariate regression, PM2.5 was not related to MS development, but was significantly related to carotid IMT in both no MS (beta=0.234, P<0.0001) and MS cohorts (beta=0.245, p<0.0001), independent of age, SBP, and waist circumference. There was no direct interaction between PM2.5 and MS. Conclusions: Both AP and MS have independent impacts on atherogenic processes in China, with significant implications for atherosclerosis prevention.
Primary Osseous Spine Tumors in Adults: A Review and Update on Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors:   Broward Health Medical Center, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, BD Emerson , BJ Ameri ,   Broward Health Medical Center, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, MA Downing ,   Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, HT Temple ,   Mercy Hospital, Miami, Florida
Published: June 2021

Objective: This article aims to provide a convenient and comprehensive review describing unique features of the most common primary osseous spine tumors, as well as current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for each tumor. Background: Primary osseous spine tumors are a rare and diverse group of neoplasms with varying biologic behavior. Clinical, radiographic, and pathologic correlation is critical in making a correct diagnosis. Prompt treatment is necessary to optimize clinical outcomes, and is based on tumor type, location, and disease stage. Most patients with spinal tumors present with a history of pain often similar in quality and intensity as non-tumoral etiologies of back pain. Spinal neoplasms, especially malignant tumors, require a multidisciplinary approach and are best treated in dedicated cancer centers to mitigate incorrect diagnoses and inappropriate treatment. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed and EBSCO. Multiple search queries for relevant articles between 2014 to present were included. Preference was given to recent articles with clinical evidence, current treatment, diagnostic modalities and/or future potential therapies and diagnostic strategies. Results: Numerous modalities including surgery, chemotherapy, evolving immunologic and targeted therapies as well as stereotactic external beam radiation therapy are utilized to optimize care. Still, current therapeutic strategies result in significant morbidity and mortality and local disease recurrence and systemic relapse are common despite chemotherapy and advanced surgical techniques. Conclusion: Because primary spinal tumors are uncommon, level I and II data are scarce though novel treatment strategies are emerging. Medical and orthopaedic oncologists and spine surgeons therefore should have a fundamental knowledge of the current state of literature pertaining to this topic.
Approach to Pneumonia in Immunocompetent Patients
Authors: Veeravalli Spandana , Soullane Safiya
Published: June 2021

Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity. Pneumonia is defined as a lung inflammation of infectious etiology. It can be subcategorized into Community Acquired Pneumonia, Hospital Acquired Pneumonia and Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia. Validated scores including the CRB-65, CURB-65 and PSI can guide decision-making between inpatient and outpatient management of pneumonia. While mild presentations can be managed through empiric treatment alone, more acute cases require identification of the infectious agent, initiation of empiric therapy, and subsequent de-escalation of treatment to the identified pathogen. This article aims to provide a framework for junior trainees to diagnose and manage pneumonia.
Effectiveness of Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation and Its Importance During COVID-19
Authors: Pollock Hannah , Garnett Anna
Published: June 2021

Cardiac rehabilitation is a secondary prevention and disease-management opportunity for individuals living with cardiovascular disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused postponements and cancellations for many health services, including 41% of cardiac rehabilitation programs in Canada. Cardiac rehabilitation effectively reduces the risk of mortality, morbidity, and hospitalizations in cardiac clients. Without access, individuals face challenges to improve their health, which places them at risk of adverse outcomes. This paper argues that transitioning to home-based cardiac rehabilitation programs during the pandemic is a reasonable strategy to meet the ongoing rehabilitation needs of cardiac patients. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation programs utilize limited hospital or clinic visits because the majority of exercise is performed at home through regular communication with a case manager. Programs utilize a variety of resources, including technology, to regularly monitor, educate, and counsel clients. The programs’ flexibility and convenience overcome many multi-level barriers which normally impede participants from accessing services. These programs have proven to be equally effective, if not more effective than centre-based programs, at improving mortality, cardiac events, exercise capacity and modifiable risk factors. Home-based programs are a valid alternative to support and protect a vulnerable population, especially those at high risk if diagnosed with COVID-19. Transitioning to a home-based platform may be a challenge, but the Canadian Cardiovascular Society has provided practical approaches to support programs. Adapting current plans and developing new ones, utilizing appropriate resources, having a conservative exercise program, monitoring clients, emphasizing education, being flexible, and enhancing safety are key steps for a successful transition.
Medication Errors: Reported Prescription Faults and Prescription Error
Authors: Ali Alshahrani  , Mona Alsheikh  , Mohammad Yusuf
Published: June 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the trends of prescription  errors that did not caused any harm to the patients and the prescription errors that were identified before reaching to the patients in the year 2017 at a tertiary care hospital in Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Simple random sampling and sampling based on prescription errors that were identified, documented, and reported before reaching the patients in the first three quarters of 2017 were performed in present observational retrospective study. Descriptive analysis with D’Agostino & Pearson omnibus were applied for normality testing at 95% CI through one-sample t-test to compare the prescription errors that did not cause harm to the patients and were identified before reaching the patient in the first quarter (Q1), the second quarter (Q2), and the third quarter (Q3) of 2017. Total number of prescription errors that did not caused harm to the patients were 1,601 in Quarter 1 further decreased to 1,422 in Quarter 2 and then increased to 1,710 in Quarter 3 of 2017. Furthermore, the total number of prescription errors that did not cause harm to the patients were 1,601 in Quarter 1 further decreased to 1,422 in Quarter 2 and then increased to 1,710 in Quarter 3 of 2017. The current study revealed that prescription errors were common in the tertiary Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Therefore, educating the prescribers to reduce prescription errors through seminars, conferences, and workshops is essential. Also, a joint training exercise for the pharmacist and doctors would minimize the prescribing errors.
Ontology of Variants of the Structure and Malformations of the Skull. Part II. Hereditary Syndromes
Authors:   Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine Bukovinian State Medical University. 2, Theatralna Sq., Chernivtsi 58002, Ukraine, Khmara T. V. , Ryznychuk M. O. , Kuzniak N. B. , Melnychuk S. P. , Batranovska S. O. , Zamorskii I. I.
Published: June 2021

Congenital abnormalities occur in 2-3% of all children and about 1% have hereditary syndromes or multiple malformations. About 30% of all cases have a cleft lip or palate. Genetic factors such as chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations cause about 15% of congenital abnormalities; exogenous environmental factors cause about 10% of defects; a combination of genetic and environmental factors (multifactorial inheritance) cause 20-25%; multiple pregnancy causes 0.5-1% of congenital abnormalities. Craniofacial anomalies represent an important pediatric problem. They are among the leading causes of infant mortality and morbidity. Craniofacial anomalies mainly affect the development of the skull and facial bones. These defects range from mild to severe, which can be life-threatening and require immediate surgical intervention. Examination of patients with congenital cranial pathology is of particular importance, since a correct diagnosis can often be established only by taking into consideration all stigmas and malformations. The onset of pathology occurs during ontogenesis: normal embryonic development is disturbed under the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors, to which the body is particularly sensitive during critical periods. The consequences of various endogenous and exogenous factors are disruption of growth and development of the organism and occurrence of congenital malformations as an independent unit or occurrence of hereditary syndromes as a set of certain symptoms. Craniofacial syndromes can be divided into several groups. They are most often accompanied by premature fusion of cranial sutures (craniosynostosis) and syndromes with cleft formation. The most frequent syndromes in this group are: Crouzon syndrome, suture synostosis, microsomia, cerebral anomalies and midface clefts. These developmental disorders can lead to a variety of health consequences, namely affecting these patients’ respiratory health, appearance, brain development, hearing, vision, bite, speech, and mental development. Congenital malformations of the skull bones can be related to genetic mutations and environmental factors. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the literature, a brief clinical characterization of the most common hereditary syndromes accompanied by cerebral and facial skull deformities is given, the type of inheritance and the gene mutation that causes these disorders are indicated
Development of the Ukrainian Version of Oswestry Disability Index – Intercultural Adaptation and Validation of the Tool
Authors:   Ivan Boberskiy Lviv State University of Physical Culture. 11, Kostiushko St., Lviv 79000, Ukraine, Pavlova Iu. O. , Fedorovych O. B. , Perederiy A. V. , Tymruk-Skoropad K. A.
Published: June 2021

Tools based on patient assessment (Patient-Reported Outcome Measures, PROMs) have significant interest in rehabilitation practice. Nowadays, this approach is considered reliable, trustworthy, and reasonable. Tools that have undergone all stages of adaptation and validation are highly proven and meet international standards, which, in particular, is a guarantee of high-quality survey results. The purpose of the study was to conduct an intercultural adaptation of the Oswestry Disability Index to the Ukrainian language and further verify the validity of this version of the instrument. Materials and methods. The study included individuals who had complaints of back pain (n = 104, 60.6 % females; age (M±SE) – 36.9±1.6 years old). Three different tools were used to assess pain (Oswestry Disability Index, Visual Analogue Scale) and various parameters of life quality (“The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey”). The internal consistency of the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire was evaluated (the α-Cronbach’s index was determined), its reliability was studied (according to the test-retest procedure), and correlation and regression analyzes were used to check the constructive validity. The structure of the questionnaire was studied using exploratory factor analysis. Results and discussion. The proposed Ukrainian version of the questionnaire passed all stages of translation and intercultural adaptation, which meets the international standards and requirements of the MAPI Research Trust. In addition to the scientific coordinators, a sufficient number of translators, editor of the scientific literature, and a group of patients were involved in these processes. The questionnaire has high internal consistency (α-Cronbach = 0.931) and reliability (Spearman’s rho = 0.94, p < 0.01). In the structure of the tool, two factors explain 69.165% of the total variance. Issues related to walking and social life were related to the first factor, sitting, standing, traveling – to the second factor, the intensity of pain, self-care, lifting objects, and sex life – were related to both the first and second factors. The questionnaire has a sufficient level of constructive validity. An average correlation with the value of the Visual Analogue Scale (r = 0.547, p < 0.001), a strong correlation with the life quality scale “Physical Functioning” (r = -0.871, p < 0.001) were identified. Conclusion. The Ukrainian version of the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire can be used to assess the level of pain, physical well-being, and physical component of the life quality of patients who have complaints of back pain
Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance in the Heart of Rats with Different Behavioral Activities under the Conditions of Light Exposition
Authors:   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University. 10, 68 Desantnykiv St., Mykolaiv 54003, Ukraine, Chebotar L. D. , Laricheva E. N. , Gilmutdinova M. Sh.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article. The article shows that the effect of round-the-clock lighting causes changes in the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in rats, and depends on their behavioural activity. The effects of lighting on the processes of oxidative metabolism of varying degrees in the heart of resistant and unstable to emotional stress rats. Materials and methods. Investigations were carried out on 32 mature Wistar rats, divided into four groups: group 1 – animals resistant to emotional stress (intact); group 2 – intact animals unstable to emotional stress; group 3 – experimental animals resistant to emotional stress (30-day light exposure (1000 lux)); group 4 – experimental animals, unstable to emotional stress (30-day light exposure (1000 lux)). When assessing the effect of light on the state of the organism, the most important integral indicator is the behavior of animals. Therefore, during the experiment we used the observation of behavioral reactions in the test “open field”. Based on the characteristics of the behavior of animals in the “open field” rats were divided into groups resistant and unstable to emotional stress. To assess lipid peroxidation in the heart homogenate, the concentration of TBA-active products, the concentration of diene, oxidiene and triene conjugates were determined. Antioxidant processes were assessed by the increase in the concentration of TBA- active products during 1.5-hour incubation in an iron-ascorbate buffer solution, as well as by the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Results and discussion. Prooxidant activity was characterized by an increase in the concentration of TBA-reactive substances in animals resistant to emotional stress. The concentration of TBA-reactive substances after 1.5-hour incubation increased in both experimental groups. Changes in the antioxidant status were illustrated by an increase in superoxide dismutase activity in the group of stress-unstable rats, whereas catalase activity increased in both experimental groups. In addition, in the group of animals resistant to emotional stress, a significant decrease in the resources of α-tocopherol and β-carotene was revealed. Conclusion. The long-term light exposure promotes the formation of end products of peroxidation in the heart of rats resistant to emotional stress and causes a decrease in antioxidant potential, regardless of behavioural activity. Antioxidant activity in the heart of emotionally stress-resistant rats is realized through both the enzyme and non-enzyme links of the antioxidant defence, while the main role in the heart of emotionally stress-resistant rats is played by superoxide dismutase activity
A Review of Standardised Assessment Development Procedure and Algorithms for Computer Adaptive Testing: Applications and Relevance for Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Oladele Jumoke I , Ndlovu Mdutshekelwa
Published: June 2021

Teaching and learning have gone online in response to the pandemic, which reveals the need for accurately tailored educational assessments to ascertain the extent to which learning outcomes or objectives are achieved. Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT) is a technology-driven form of assessment that tailors items to a candidate's ability level with empirically proven benefits over the fixed-form computer based test. A systematic review was employed which shows that item bank is a key requirement for CAT and the items must through a rigorous item development process to ensure and maintain quality in terms of content, criterion constructs and internal consistency, determining the psychometric validation of behavioural measures while leveraging on variances of Item Response Theory (IRT). Following the item development stage is the need to compile validated items into administrable forms using advanced computer software for automatic test assembly and administration, such as FastTest which allows specifying empirically tried algorithms for CAT from start to termination of the test. This helps to ensure that assessment properly leverages the advantages that CAT holds. Furthermore, the review revealed that CAT has been widely applied with large-scale testing in various fields by educational, health and psychological professionals utilising different IRT models; however only in developed countries. This brings to bear the need for adoption in other parts of the world, for improvements in educational assessments. The interjections of 4IR with AI considering emerging technology aids the CAT algorithm for achieving expert and knowledge-based systems, being a requirement for survival in today’s world.