bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comportamento intraempreendedor: um estudo em instituições de ensino superior
Authors: Lizote Suzete Antonieta , Lana Jeferson , Gauche Susana , Verdinelli Miguel Angel
Published: January 2013

O mundo global, de grandes avanços e descobertas, marcado pela evolução das telecomunicações e pelo surgimento de uma forte competição, exige que as organizações e as pessoas assumam novas posturas. Desta forma, as corporações que adotarem uma cultura intraempreendedora serão eficazes perante seu mercado de atuação, pois os empreendedores corporativos geram inovações contínuas dentro das organizações, oportunizando vantagens competitivas. Diante deste contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo descrever o nível de identificação dos funcionários com a organização em duas instituições de ensino superior e como esta variável psicossocial atua no relacionamento entre os fatores organizacionais e o comportamento intraempreendedor. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa é classificada como descritiva, pois identifica a conduta intraempreendedora segundo três escalas: comportamento intraempreendedor; identificação organizacional e fatores organizacionais. Para os dados analisados, foram encontrados valores significativos para a determinação do Comportamento Intraempreendedor pelos fatores organizacionais propostos, a saber: Apoio da Direção, Liberdade no Trabalho, Recompensas, Tempo Disponível e Incerteza nas Tarefas. Já quando inserida a variável mediadora “Identidade Organizacional”, o modelo perde a validade. Para as IES estudadas, diferentemente do que propuseram Moriano et al. (2009), a “Identidade Organizacional” não atua como mediadora entre os fatores organizacionais e o Comportamento intraempreendedor.
A Contribuição da universidade pública para a inovação e o desenvolvimento regional: a percepção de gestores e pesquisadores
Authors: Ferreira André , Leopoldi Maria Antonieta
Published: January 2013

Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso sobre o Polo Universitário de Volta Redonda (PUVR-UFF), novo campus da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), localizado na Região do Médio Paraíba Fluminense (RMP-RJ). O objetivo do artigo é identificar os limites e as possibilidades de contribuição de uma universidade pública para a inovação e o desenvolvimento regional. O referencial teórico é baseado no conceito de universidade empreendedora. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa conduzida junto a 5 gestores da estrutura central da UFF (UFF-Sede) e 14 gestores e pesquisadores do PUVR-UFF. Os principais resultados indicam que ainda são incipientes os esforços empreendidos pelo PUVR-UFF para estimular atividades inovativas entre o seu corpo docente, bem como ações de que estimulem o desenvolvimento regional. Na percepção dos entrevistados as principais barreiras do PUVR-UFF estão relacionadas à necessidade de melhoria dos processos burocráticos da universidade, ampliação da divulgação da universidade e seus trabalhos junto à sociedade e ao estabelecimento de mecanismos que estimulem a transformação da pesquisa básica em tecnologia e inovação. Os dados da pesquisa também indicam a importância de líderes acadêmicos capazes de mobilizar a universidade na realização de atividades de interação com a sociedade, estimulando as bases de uma universidade empreendedora.
As mudanças legais no ambiente institucional do setor de educação e as estratégias de crescimento de uma instituição de ensino superior
Authors: Borges Renata Massoli , Camelo Gustavo Rossa , Leite André Luís da Silva , Fiates Gabriela Gonçalves Silveira , Lezana Álvaro Guillermo Rojas
Published: January 2013

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a relação das mudanças legais no ambiente institucional do setor de educação superior nas estratégias de crescimento de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. A pesquisa é um estudo de caso da mantenedora CEAMA que abrange de 1996, mudanças na lei e expansão de IES privadas, e, de 2000 a 2010 – 10 anos de funcionamento da Instituição de Ensino Superior, seu processo de mudanças e crescimento. Utilizou-se de dados primários junto às pessoas relacionadas diretamente com o ambiente pesquisado, através de um roteiro de entrevista, o que permitiu compreender em profundidade o tema e o cenário pesquisado e, também, de dados secundários disponibilizados pela própria IES e normas da educação superior. Os resultados da análise entre a relação das mudanças no ambiente institucional do setor de educação superior com as estratégias de crescimento da Instituição de Ensino Superior CEAMA indicaram que existe uma relação de influência, visto que o ambiente é composto de regras que determinam como as IES devem se comportar no ambiente.
Improvement of the retrieval algorithm for GOSAT SWIR XCO2 and XCH4 and their validation using TCCON data
Authors: Yoshida Y. , Kikuchi N. , Morino I. , Uchino O. , Oshchepkov S. , Bril A. , Saeki T. , Schutgens N. , Toon G. C. , Wunch D. , Roehl C. M. , Wennberg P. O. , Griffith D. W. T. , Deutscher N. M. , Warneke T. , Notholt J. , Robinson J. , Sherlock V. , Connor B. , Rettinger M. , Sussmann R. , Ahonen P. , Heikkinen P. , Kyrö E. , Yokota T.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide and methane (XCO2 and XCH4) have been retrieved from Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) Short-Wavelength InfraRed (SWIR) observations. XCO2 and XCH4 retrieved using the version 01.xx retrieval algorithm showed large negative biases and standard deviations (−8.85 ppm and 4.75 ppm for XCO2 and −20.4 ppb and 18.9 ppb for XCH4, respectively) compared with data of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Multiple reasons for these error characteristics (e.g. solar irradiance database, handling of aerosol scattering) are identified and corrected in a revised version of the retrieval algorithm (version 02.xx). The improved retrieval algorithm shows much smaller biases and standard deviations (−1.48 ppm and 2.10 ppm for XCO2 and −6.0 ppb and 12.5 ppb for XCH4, respectively) than the version 01.xx. Also, the number of post-screened measurements is increased especially at northern mid- and high-latitudinal area.
Investigation of ground-based microwave radiometer calibration techniques at 530 hPa
Authors: Maschwitz G. , Löhnert U. , Crewell S. , Rose T. , Turner D. D.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Ground-based microwave radiometers (MWR) are becoming more and more common for remotely sensing the atmospheric temperature and humidity profile, as well as path integrated cloud liquid water content. The calibration accuracy of the state-of-the-art MWR HATPRO-G2 (Humidity And Temperature Profiler – Generation 2) was investigated during the second phase of the Radiative Heating in Underexplored Bands Campaign (RHUBC-II) in Northern Chile (5320 m a.m.s.l. – above mean sea level, 530 hPa) conducted by the the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program conducted between August and October 2009. This study assesses the quality of the two frequently used liquid nitrogen and tipping curve calibrations by performing a detailed error propagation study by exploiting the unique atmospheric conditions of RHUBC-II. Both methods are known to have open issues concerning systematic offsets and calibration repeatability. For the tipping curve calibration an uncertainty of 0.2–0.4 K (K-band) and 1.0–1.2 K (V-band) is found. The uncertainty in the tipping curve calibration is mainly due the atmospheric inhomogeneities. For the liquid nitrogen calibration the estimated uncertainty of 0.5–0.9 K is dominated by the uncertainty of the reflectivity of the liquid nitrogen target. Systematic offsets, which may cause the disagreement of both methods within their estimated uncertainties, are discussed.
Detailed regional predictions of N2O and NO emissions from a tropical highland rainforest
Authors: Gharahi Ghehi N. , Werner C. , Hufkens K. , Kiese R. , Van Ranst E. , Nsabimana D. , Wallin G. , Klemedtsson L. , Butterbach-Bahl K. , Boeckx P.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Tropical forest soils are a significant source for the greenhouse gas N2O as well as for NO, a precursor of tropospheric ozone. However, current estimates are uncertain due to the limited number of field measurements. Furthermore, there is considerable spatial and temporal variability of N2O and NO emissions due to the variation of environmental conditions such as soil properties, vegetation characteristics and meteorology. In this study we used a process-based model (ForestDNDC-tropica) to estimate N2O and NO emissions from tropical highland forest (Nyungwe) soils in southwestern Rwanda. To extend the model inputs to regional scale, ForestDNDC-tropica was linked to an exceptionally large legacy soil dataset. There was agreement between N2O and NO measurements and the model predictions though the ForestDNDC-tropica resulted in considerable lower emissions for few sites. Low similarity was specifically found for acidic soil with high clay content and reduced metals, indicating that chemo-denitrification processes on acidic soils might be under-represented in the current ForestDNDC-tropica model. The results showed that soil bulk density and pH are the most influential factors driving spatial variations in soil N2O and NO emissions for tropical forest soils. The area investigated (1113 km2) was estimated to emit ca. 439 ± 50 t N2O-N yr−1 (2.8–5.5 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1) and 244 ± 16 t NO-N yr−1 (0.8–5.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Consistent with less detailed studies, we confirm that tropical highland rainforest soils are a major source of atmospheric N2O and NO.
Photosynthetic parameters in the Beaufort Sea in relation to the phytoplankton community structure
Authors: Huot Y. , Babin M. , Bruyant F.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. To model phytoplankton primary production from remotely sensed data a method to estimate photosynthetic parameters describing the photosynthetic rates per unit biomass is required. Variability in these parameters must be related to environmental variables that are measurable remotely. In the Arctic, a limited number of measurements of photosynthetic parameter have been carried out with the concurrent environmental variables needed. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of remote estimates of phytoplankton primary production as well as our ability to predict changes in the future such measurements and relationship to environmental variables are required. During the MALINA cruise, a large dataset of these parameters were obtained. Together with previously published datasets, we use environmental and trophic variables to provide functional relationships for these parameters. In particular, we describe several specific aspects: the maximum rate of photosynthesis (Pmaxchl) normalized to chlorophyll decreases with depth and is higher for communities composed of large cells; the saturation parameter (Ek) decreases with depth but is independent of the community structure; and the initial slope of the photosynthesis versus irradiance curve (αchl) normalized to chlorophyll is independent of depth but is higher for communities composed of larger cells. The photosynthetic parameters were not influenced by temperature over the range encountered during the cruise (−2 to 8 °C).
Regionalization of patterns of flow intermittence from gauging station records
Authors: Snelder T. H. , Datry T. , Lamouroux N. , Larned S. T. , Sauquet E. , Pella H. , Catalogne C.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Understanding large-scale patterns in flow intermittence is important for effective water resource management. We used daily flow records from 628 gauging stations on rivers with minimally modified flows distributed throughout France to predict regional patterns of flow intermittence. For each station we calculated two annual times-series describing flow intermittence; the frequency of zero-flow periods (consecutive days of zero-flow) in each year of record (FREQ; yr−1), and the total number of zero-flow days in each year of record (DUR; days). These time series were used to calculate two indices for each station, the mean annual frequency of zero-flow periods (mFREQ; yr−1), and the mean duration of zero-flow periods (mDUR; days). Approximately 20% of stations had recorded at least one zero-flow period. Dissimilarities between pairs of gauges calculated from the annual times-series (FREQ and DUR) and geographic distances were weakly correlated, indicating that there was little spatial synchronization of zero-flow. A flow-regime classification for the gauging stations discriminated intermittent and perennial stations, and an intermittence classification grouped intermittent stations into three classes based on the values of mFREQ and mDUR. We used Random Forest (RF) models to relate the flow-regime and intermittence classifications to several environmental characteristics of the gauging station catchments. The RF model of the flow-regime classification had a cross-validated Cohen's kappa of 0.47, indicating fair performance and the intermittence classification had poor performance (cross-validated Cohen's kappa of 0.35). Both classification models identified significant environment-intermittence associations, in particular with regional-scale climate patterns and also catchment area, shape and slope. However, we suggest that the fair-to-poor performance of the classification models is because intermittence is also controlled by processes operating at scales smaller than catchments, such as groundwater-table fluctuations and seepage through permeable channels. We suggest that high spatial heterogeneity in these small-scale processes partly explains the low spatial synchronization of zero-flows. While 20% of gauges were classified as intermittent, the flow-regime model predicted 39% of all river segments to be intermittent, indicating that the gauging station network under-represents intermittent river segments in France. Predictions of regional patterns in flow intermittence provide useful information for applications including environmental flow-setting, estimating assimilative capacity for contaminants, designing bio-monitoring programs and making preliminary estimates of the effects of climate change on flow intermittence.
Regional wave propagation using the discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Wenk S. , Pelties C. , Igel H. , Käser M.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. We present an application of the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method to regional wave propagation. The method makes use of unstructured tetrahedral meshes, combined with a time integration scheme solving the arbitrary high-order derivative (ADER) Riemann problem. This ADER-DG method is high-order accurate in space and time, beneficial for reliable simulations of high-frequency wavefields over long propagation distances. Due to the ease with which tetrahedral grids can be adapted to complex geometries, undulating topography of the Earth's surface and interior interfaces can be readily implemented in the computational domain. The ADER-DG method is benchmarked for the accurate radiation of elastic waves excited by an explosive and a shear dislocation source. We compare real data measurements with synthetics of the 2009 L'Aquila event (central Italy). We take advantage of the geometrical flexibility of the approach to generate a European model composed of the 3-D EPcrust model, combined with the depth-dependent ak135 velocity model in the upper mantle. The results confirm the applicability of the ADER-DG method for regional scale earthquake simulations, which provides an alternative to existing methodologies.
A crosscutting review of plumbing products‐related water efficiency and conservation
Authors: Williams Alison , Whitehead Camilla Dunham , Lutz James
Published: January 2013

Reducing the water use of plumbing products—toilets, urinals, faucets, and showerheads—has become a popular conservation measure, and improved technologies have created opportunities for further progress. Plumbing products do not operate in a vacuum, however. This article reviews the literature related to plumbing products and organizes it into a framework comprising the following categories: water use efficiency, product components, product performance, source water, energy, and plumbing and sewer infrastructure. This framework provides a starting point for professionals considering water efficiency and conservation measures to identify relevant technologies and trends as well as crosscutting issues that should be considered.
New Mexico utility rolls out smart grid infrastructure
Authors: Daigle Norm , Jackson Anna
Published: January 2013

With the implementation of meter data management and customer engagement software solutions, the Albuquerque Bernalillo County (N.M.) Water Utility Authority is advancing the utility's smart grid infrastructure and supporting long‐term goals to conserve water.
Projecting demand extremes under climate change using extreme value analysis
Authors: Haagenson Erik , Rajagopalan Balaji , Summers R. Scott , Roberson J. Alan
Published: January 2013

Accurate projections of water demand extremes are essential to all aspects of the planning process (e.g., defining target growth and securing financing). The role of climate on water demand variability is pronounced and will likely increase in the future as a result of climate change. Therefore, a flexible approach that can incorporate climate change scenarios is needed to project water demand extremes. In this research, an integrated approach with two components was developed. First, extreme value models based on climate attributes were created for both water demand maximums and water demand over a specified threshold; these models were then fitted to the historic water demand and climate data. Second, ensembles of future weather sequences conditioned on climate change projections were generated using a stochastic weather generator. Together these two components provided scenarios of water demand extremes under various climate projections. The city of Aurora, Colo., was used as a case study to demonstrate the utility of this approach.
Project outcomes: Evaluating predicted benefits for field force mobilization
Authors: Dermody Chris , Ragsdale Phil , Aragon Mark
Published: January 2013

A year into launching a production mobile workforce automation system, Denver Water reviews benefits that were not quantified with its initial analysis and presents compelling reasons for continuing to build on the system. This article is part three of a series about this experience. The first article, in the August 2012 Journal (Assessing Options and Costs Versus Benefits of a Mobile Work Management Solution), outlined the start of the journey to build this application with a focus on creating a compelling yet conservative cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) for a new mobile work management system. The second article, in the November 2012 Journal (Information Technology Projects and Business Engagement: New Strategies), focused on how system adoption and end‐user satisfaction were achieved through an agile software development process.
The Water–Energy Nexus: Recent Federal Actions and Their Potential Impacts
Authors: Baker Keri‐Ann C. , Behn Seth C.
Published: January 2013

In a world of finite resources and increasing demands, there are inevitable constraints that will arise. Resulting difficulties are compounded when multiple resources are interdependent. This scenario is playing out in the realm of the “water‐energy nexus.” The US Government Accounting Office (GAO) has released six reports on this topic in the past four years, and recent legislation has been introduced by the ranking member of the Committee on Science, Space and Technology to allocate federal resources in an effort to understand and tackle the challenges resulting from these constraints. This article explores the issues that have been brought to light by the GAO reports, reviews the intent of the proposed legislation, and concludes with some thoughts on the eventual impacts of this or similar legislation that might arise.
The Path of a Conservation Trailblazer
Authors: Gardener Elizabeth V. “Liz” , Lively Nancy Zeilig
Published: January 2013

Liz Gardener, a forerunner in the field of water conservation, has spent the past 35 years raising people's awareness about the need to use water efficiently. She gave birth to Denver Water's conservation program in 1986 and nurtured it to maturity. Through AWWA, which she joined that same year, she reached out to other trailblazers and helped to build a nationwide community of conservation champions. Her contributions to water use efficiency are recognized by water utilities and water conservation experts throughout North America. She recently talked with former Journal AWWA editor Nancy Zeilig Lively about her career and her commitment to wise water use.
Nanoradiopharmaceuticals: Development oF Labeling Process for Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Augusto Bordim  , Beatriz Ferreira de Carvalho Patricio  , Michelle Álvares Sarcinelli  , Marta de Souza Albernaz  , Ralph Santos-Oliveira
Published: January 2013

Nanomedicine, probably, is the future of modern medicine. Hence, there is a global effort being made in the development of nanopharmaceuticals. Among all the nano-pharmaceuticals developed so far, radiopharmaceuticals are the fewest in number of published studies. The development of nanoradiopharmaceuticals is complex but not impossible. In this work we discuss the possibility and the results of developing 4 nanoradiopharmaceuticals based on 3 different types of nanoparticles as alternative drug delivery systems. Also we present the preliminary results in animals.
Poésie et vérité
Authors: Melançon Robert
Published: January 2013

L’oeuvre de Saint-Denys Garneau consiste essentiellement en soixante-dix ou quatre-vingts poèmes qu’il a écrits de 1934 à 1938, alors qu’il avait entre vingt-deux et vingt-six ans. Peu de temps après la publication de Regards et jeux dans l’espace, en 1937, il a cessé d’écrire et renié son oeuvre parce qu’il a cru qu’elle ne satisfaisait pas à une exigence de vérité qui définissait à ses yeux la poésie. On cherche ici à préciser, à partir de l’examen des variantes de Regards et jeux dans l’espace et des pages du Journal dans lesquelles il juge ses poèmes, quelle est cette vérité et quelle relation le poète entretient avec ce qu’il écrit.
Pratiques du cahier chez Saint-Denys Garneau
Authors: Dumont François
Published: January 2013

De 1929 à 1939 (et peut-être au-delà), Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau a tenu ce qu’il appelait son « journal ». Le présent article aborde le parcours de Garneau en tentant de caractériser les formes qu’il a expérimentées dans les cahiers qui nous sont parvenus, de l’examen de conscience à la fiction, en passant par la lettre, les méditations sur l’art et le poème. Sont ensuite considérés les rapports qui s’établissent entre ces diverses formes. Il ressort de cet examen que Garneau a progressivement mis en relation le discours réflexif avec les ouvertures qu’offraient la poésie et la fiction : une dynamique se développe entre le bilan et l’esquisse, pour aboutir à une forme d’écriture qui intègre divers aspects du journal, notamment dans « Le mauvais pauvre va parmi vous avec son regard en dessous ». Cette pratique du journal, associant la délibération et l’expérimentation, est atypique dans la littérature québécoise, mais en plaçant les écrits de Garneau dans le contexte de la littérature française, plusieurs parentés apparaissent avec les oeuvres de Michel de Montaigne, de Joseph Joubert, de Paul Valéry et de Philippe Jaccottet, notamment. Ces oeuvres illustrent des dimensions de l’écriture du cahier qui transforment les visées habituelles du journal intime. De ce point de vue, les cahiers de Garneau s’inscrivent dans le « grand contexte » d’une forme erratique et heuristique qui est sans doute plus proche de l’essai tel que l’entendait Montaigne que de ce que le mot « essai » a fini par désigner aujourd’hui.
L’impudeur épistolaire
Authors: Biron Michel
Published: January 2013

Contrairement à ce qu’on lit dans l’avertissement des Lettres à ses amis de Saint-Denys Garneau paru en 1967, les amis éditeurs n’ont pas publié l’ensemble des lettres de Garneau qu’ils avaient en leur possession. Le fonds Claude-Hurtubise (Bibliothèque et Archives du Canada) contient en effet un ensemble de 33 lettres inédites de Garneau à Claude Hurtubise. Ce sont ces lettres qui font l’objet du présent article. On y découvre un Saint-Denys Garneau en apparence plus impudique qu’ailleurs, souvent blagueur, volontiers scatologique et indécent, toujours en quête de lui-même, et comme indifférent à son destinataire. Au-delà des facéties qui rappellent une certaine littérature célibataire, l’analyse montre toutefois que, même dans les lettres les plus crues, l’impudeur de ces écrits intimes ne se distingue pas fondamentalement du ton impersonnel qui marque toute l’oeuvre de Garneau.
Ce tremblement sous la ligne
Authors: Lapointe Gilles
Published: January 2013

Qu’ont en commun l’art spiritualiste de Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau et le monisme de Paul-Émile Borduas ? Premier poète québécois à faire de la peinture un objet de réflexion esthétique, Saint-Denys Garneau tient pourtant en suspicion la modernité artistique, refusant « l’injure à l’art » que représentent pour lui le cubisme et l’art abstrait. Si l’ekphrasis, chez Saint-Denys Garneau, s’éloigne du « pittoresque » pour s’approcher du « pictural », l’idéalisation du sujet et l’objectivation de la vision qu’il cultive diffèrent cependant fortement de la conception du tableau de Borduas. Aux notions d’ordre, de centre, d’harmonie, d’unité, de transparence et d’élévation autour desquelles le poète et artiste ordonne encore le visible, Borduas oppose celles d’automatisme psychique, d’écriture automatique, de liberté du geste, de « désir-passion », de « grâce surrationnelle », appelant une exploration du chaos du monde intérieur et une plongée dans l’inconscient menant inéluctablement à un contact brutal avec la matière sensible. Prenant acte de l’apparition de Garneau et Borduas au même moment sur la scène publique montréalaise, vers 1937-1938, et cherchant à mesurer le pouvoir de séduction particulier qu’exercent sur eux durant ces années décisives la pensée et l’oeuvre de John Lyman, l’auteur interroge la conception antagoniste que chacun se forge du dessin et de la couleur et examine certains des enjeux essentiels, après la publication du Journal de Saint-Denys Garneau, qui déterminent la posture double et ambiguë de Borduas à l’endroit de l’héritage de l’écrivain.
Onuphrius de Théophile Gautier
Authors: McGarry Pascale
Published: January 2013

Onuphrius est l’un des « romans goguenards » qui permettent à Gautier de trouver sa propre voix en se démarquant des artistes dont il est l’admirateur ; cette mise à distance qui passe par l’ironie et le pastiche se joue de certaines conventions du récit fantastique (le rapport au temps, le diable, la folie, le miroir). Cet exercice de style et ce manifeste esthétique constituent une étape déterminante dans l’oeuvre de Gautier : la conclusion d’Onuphrius devient l’ouverture de Spirite, la magie noire s’est convertie en magie blanche.
Les débuts diaristiques d’Hubert Aquin*
Authors: Kirouac-Massicotte Isabelle
Published: January 2013

Hubert Aquin amorce la rédaction de son journal ; entre 1947 et 1949, le diariste tient six carnets, dont cinq sont à ce jour inédits. Cet article se penche sur le cas particulier du journal de voyage Odyssée américaine, dont les versions manuscrite et tapuscrite ont été conservées, qui permet d’étudier un phénomène commun à tous les carnets, la réécriture. La version réécrite d’Odyssée américaine donne à lire un nouveau mode d’expression employé par Aquin, l’autobiographie, mais aussi la recherche d’une plus grande qualité littéraire de l’écriture.
Derniers épisodes
Authors: Saint-Gelais Richard
Published: January 2013

On sait le retentissement que le premier roman publié d’Hubert Aquin, Prochain épisode, a eu auprès de la critique de l’époque. Une fois passé le choc initial, ce qu’on semble y avoir surtout vu, c’est, hormis les diverses traces de la vie d’Aquin dans son roman, le déconcertant cocktail d’un propos politiquement très marqué et d’un travail formel ostensible, proche à certains égards du Nouveau Roman. Aussi le défi a-t-il longtemps consisté à trouver un point d’équilibre entre ces deux dimensions dont l’arrimage ne s’imposait pas d’emblée ; c’était là l’occasion, pour les critiques, de montrer leur savoir-faire mais aussi d’occuper, chacun à sa manière, une portion de l’échiquier mobile de la réception. Qu’en est-il, quelques décennies plus tard ? On peut, s’essayant à lire « par-dessus l’épaule » des analystes plus récents, se demander ce qu’est devenue, aujourd’hui — ou depuis 1995, disons — l’attention à son architecture formelle, à une époque où la désaffection à l’endroit de l’avant-garde et du formalisme en amène plusieurs à tenir ce genre de considérations pour datées. Il faudra bien entendu garder à l’esprit que les lectures tardives ne sont pas de nouveaux contacts virginaux avec un texte, mais le site d’une négociation, qui ne s’avoue pas toujours, avec l’histoire parfois erratique de ses lectures.
Sepsis in AIDS patients: clinical, etiological and inflammatory characteristics
Authors: Silva João Manoel , dos Santos Sigrid De Sousa
Published: January 2013

Introduction

Intensive care mortality of HIV‐positive patients has progressively decreased. However, critically ill HIV‐positive patients with sepsis present a worse prognosis. To better understand this condition, we propose a study comparing clinical, etiological and inflammatory data, and the hospital course of HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.

Methods

A prospective observational study enrolling patients with severe sepsis or septic shock associated or not with HIV infection, and admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Clinical, microbiological and inflammatory parameters were assessed, including C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin‐6, interleukin‐10 and TNF‐α. Outcome measures were in‐hospital and six‐month mortality.

Results

The study included 58 patients with severe sepsis/septic shock admitted to ICU, 36 HIV‐positive and 22 HIV‐negative. All HIV‐positive patients met the criteria for AIDS (CDC/2008). The main foci of infection in HIV‐positive patients were pulmonary and abdominal (p=0.001). Fungi and mycobacteria were identified in 44.4% and 16.7% of HIV‐positive patients, respectively. In contrast, the main etiologies for sepsis in HIV‐negative patients were Gram‐negative bacilli (36.4%) and Gram‐positive cocci (36.4%) (p=0.001). CRP and PCT admission concentrations were lower in HIV‐positive patients (130 vs. 168 mg/dL p=0.005, and 1.19 vs. 4.06 ng/mL p=0.04, respectively), with a progressive decrease in surviving patients. Initial IL‐10 concentrations were higher in HIV‐positive patients (4.4 pg/mL vs. 1.0 pg/mL, p=0.005), with moderate accuracy for predicting death (area under receiver‐operating characteristic curve =0.74). In‐hospital and six‐month mortality were higher in HIV‐positive patients (55.6 vs. 27.3% p=0.03, and 58.3 vs. 27.3% p=0.02, respectively).

Conclusions

The course of sepsis was more severe in HIV‐positive patients, with distinct clinical, etiological and inflammatory characteristics.
Irreversible Electroporation for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Initial Experience and Review of Safety and Outcomes
Authors: Cheung W. , Kavnoudias H. , Roberts S. , Szkandera B. , Kemp W. , Thomson K. R.
Published: January 2013

The aims of this study were to evaluate the safety, feasibility and tumour response of irreversible electroporation, a non-thermal ablation technique, for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The endpoints were safety and local treatment efficacy. Patients with unresectable tumours and tumours not amenable for radiofrequency ablation because of their vicinity to organs vulnerable to thermal damage such as the bowel or because they were close to large blood vessels that would limit efficacy of ablation due to the heat sink effect were treated with irreversible electroporation using percutaneous ultrasound and/or computed tomography guided electrode placement between November 2008 and December 2009. Early, late, minor and major complications were recorded. Tumour response was determined on triphasic helical computed tomography follow-up at one month, then every three months post-procedure. Eleven patients received IRE therapy to 18 HCC lesions (Mean diameter 2.44 ± 0.99 cm; range 1.0–6.1 cm) with five patients having more than one treated HCC. Mean follow-up was 18 months (range 14–24 months). Six patients required repeat treatments for local residual or recurrent disease; two of these also had IRE for distant intrahepatic recurrence. No serious complications were observed despite seven lesions lying adjacent to important structures or organs. Four patients developed transient urinary retention and seven developed transient local post-procedure pain. After IRE therapy, 13 (72%) lesions were completely ablated with 93% success for lesions <3 cm (13/14). The local recurrence-free period was 18 ± 4 months and the distance recurrence free period was 14 ± 6 months. These preliminary results suggest that IRE is a safe and feasible technique for local ablation of HCC, particularly for lesions less than 3 cm. No major complications were encountered during this study even for tumours close to essential structures or organs.
Property Control of Graphene by Employing “Semi‐Ionic” Liquid Fluorination
Authors: Lee Jong Hak , Koon Gavin Kok Wai , Shin Dong Wook , Fedorov V. E. , Choi Jae‐Young , Yoo Ji‐Beom , Özyilmaz Barbaros
Published: January 2013

Semi‐ionically fluorinated graphene (s‐FG) is synthesized with a one step liquid fluorination treatment. The s‐FG consists of two different types of bonds, namely a covalent C‐F bond and an ionic C‐F bond. Control is achieved over the properties of s‐FG by selectively eliminating ionic C‐F bonds from the as prepared s‐FG film which is highly insulating (current < 10−13 A at 1 V). After selective elimination of ionic C‐F bonds by acetone treatment, s‐FG recovers the highly conductive property of graphene. A 109 times increase in current from 10−13 to 10−4A at 1 V is achieved, which indicates that s‐FG recovers its conducting property. The properties of reduced s‐FG vary according to the number of layers and the single layer reduced s‐FG has mobility of more than 6000 cm2 V−1 s−1. The mobility drastically decreases with increasing number of layers. The bi‐layered s‐FG has a mobility of 141cm2 V−1 s−1 and multi‐layered s‐FG film showed highly p‐type doped electrical property without Dirac point. The reduction via acetone proceeds as 2C2F(semi‐ionic) + CH3C(O)CH3(l) → HF + 2C(s) + C2F(covalent) + CH3C(O)CH2(l). The fluorination and reduction processes permit the safe and facile non‐destructive property control of the s‐FG film.
Guaranteed cost distributed fuzzy observer‐based control for a class of nonlinear spatially distributed processes
Authors: Wang Jun‐Wei , Wu Huai‐Ning , Li Han‐Xiong
Published: January 2013

The guaranteed cost distributed fuzzy (GCDF) observer‐based control design is proposed for a class of nonlinear spatially distributed processes described by first‐order hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). Initially, a T–S fuzzy hyperbolic PDE model is proposed to accurately represent the nonlinear PDE system. Then, based on the fuzzy PDE model, the GCDF observer‐based control design is developed in terms of a set of space‐dependent linear matrix inequalities. In the proposed control scheme, a distributed fuzzy observer is used to estimate the state of the PDE system. The designed fuzzy controller can not only ensure the exponential stability of the closed‐loop PDE system but also provide an upper bound of quadratic cost function. Moreover, a suboptimal fuzzy control design is addressed in the sense of minimizing an upper bound of the cost function. The finite difference method in space and the existing linear matrix inequality optimization techniques are used to approximately solve the suboptimal control design problem. Finally, the proposed design method is applied to the control of a nonisothermal plug‐flow reactor. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2366–2378, 2013
Single, Double, Triple Bonds and Chains: The Formation of Electron‐Precise BB Bonds
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D.
Published: January 2013

The construction of boron–boron bonds, despite the intense synthetic interest in diboranes and the high BB bond enthalpy, is still difficult, uncontrollable, and unpredictable. Methods for the construction of BB multiple bonds are rarer still. These problems have witnessed some progress in recent years; this Minireview attempts to provide a background to the history of BB bond synthesis and summarize the recent results in the area.
Synthesis and characterization of benzimidazole‐based low CTE block copolyimides
Authors: urRehman Shafiq , Song GuangLiang , Jia He , Zhou HongWei , Zhao XiaoGang , Dang GuoDong , Chen ChunHai
Published: January 2013

A series of block and random copolyimide films were synthesized from various molar ratios of two diamines, rigid 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐aminobenzimidazole (APBI) and flexible 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) by polycondensation with dianhydride 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride. The contents of APBI ranged from 10 to 60 mol % in copolyimides. The copolyimide films obtained by thermal imidization of poly(amic acid) solutions, were characterized by TMA, DMA, TGA, DSC, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, FTIR, tensile testing, water uptake (WU), and dielectric constant measurements. Rigid heterocyclic diamine APBI with interchain hydrogen bonding capability, led to low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), high Tg, high thermal stability and better mechanical properties. Increasing the APBI mol % caused a gradual decrease in the CTE and increase in Tg, thermal stability and tensile strength properties of the copolyimides films. Moreover, significantly enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of the block copolyimides were also found as compared to random copolyimides. The block copolyimide with APBI content of 60 mol %, achieved excellent properties, that is, a low CTE (4.7 ppm/K), a high Tg at 377°C, 5% weight loss at 562°C and a tensile strength at 198 MPa. This can be interpreted because of comparatively higher degree of molecular orientation in block copolyimides. These copolyimides also exhibited better dielectric constant and WU. This combination of properties makes them attractive candidates for base film materials in future microelectronics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Composition optimization of polyvinyl alcohol/rice starch/silk fibroin‐blended films for improving its eco‐friendly packaging properties
Authors: Kuchaiyaphum Pusita , Punyodom Winita , Watanesk Surasak , Watanesk Ruangsri
Published: January 2013

Biopolymers obtained from renewable sources have been exploited in developing biomaterials with eco‐friendly properties. Most biopolymers have some limitations because of their poor mechanical properties, high water solubility, or low transparencies. In this study, some biopolymers, that is, silk fibroin (SF) and rice starch (RS) were used as starting materials together with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a film‐former for preparing novel eco‐friendly films. The film preparations were done by solution casting with two different sequences of blending and the film compositions were optimized. Results from UV, SEM, and film properties testing on mechanical properties, degree of swelling, water solubility, and also oxygen permeability indicated that all film properties depended on their compositions and order of blending. The PVA/RS film obtained is transparent with good mechanical properties and low water solubility. The addition of SF increases the permeability of oxygen and also the degradability of the films. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation and properties of bisphenol A‐based bis‐phthalonitrile composite laminates
Authors: Chen Zhiran , Guo Heng , Tang Hailong , Yang Xuli , Xu Mingzhen , Liu Xiaobo
Published: January 2013

A series of bisphenol A (BPA)‐based 2,2‐bis‐[4‐(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPh) prepolymers and polymers were prepared using BPA as a novel curing agent. Ultraviolet–visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum were used to study the polymerization reaction mechanism of the BAPh/BPA polymers. The curing behaviors were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic rheological analysis, the results indicated that the BAPh/BPA prepolymers exhibit large processing windows (109.5–148.5°C) and low complex viscosity (0.1–1 Pa·s) at moderate temperature, respectively. Additionally, the BAPh/BPA/glass fiber (GF) composite laminates were manufactured and investigated. The flexural strength and modulus of the composite laminates are 548.7–632.8 MPa and 25.7–33.2 GPa, respectively. The thermal stabilities of BAPh/BPA/GF composite laminates were studied by thermogravimetry analysis. The temperatures at 5% weight loss (T5%) of the composite laminates are 508.5–528.7°C in nitrogen and 508.1–543.2°C in air. In conclusion, the BAPh/BPA systems can be used as superior matrix materials for numerous advanced composite applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
How to analyze percentile citation impact data meaningfully in bibliometrics: The statistical analysis of distributions, percentile rank classes, and top‐cited papers
Authors: Bornmann Lutz
Published: January 2013

According to current research in bibliometrics, percentiles (or percentile rank classes) are the most suitable method for normalizing the citation counts of individual publications in terms of the subject area, the document type, and the publication year. Up to now, bibliometric research has concerned itself primarily with the calculation of percentiles. This study suggests how percentiles (and percentile rank classes) can be analyzed meaningfully for an evaluation study. Publication sets from four universities are compared with each other to provide sample data. These suggestions take into account on the one hand the distribution of percentiles over the publications in the sets (universities here) and on the other hand concentrate on the range of publications with the highest citation impact—that is, the range that is usually of most interest in the evaluation of scientific performance.
A State Feedback Control Design for Generalized Fractional Systems Through Orthogonal Functions: Application to a Fractional Inverted Pendulum
Authors: Bouafoura Mohamed Karim , Braiek Naceur Benhadj
Published: January 2013

This paper deals with the control of non commensurate fractional order systems by means of the state feedback strategy. Piecewise orthogonal functions with their generalized operational matrices, rigourously developed according to the Riemann‐Liouville formula are utilized to discover the controller's gains. The way that the control law is deduced permits guaranteed stability for this particular system's class while ensuring the desired performance. Effectiveness of the method is checked through an inverted fractional pendulum benchmark.
Tuning a ménage à trois: Co‐evolution and co‐adaptation of nuclear and organellar genomes in plants
Authors: Greiner Stephan , Bock Ralph
Published: January 2013

Plastids and mitochondria arose through endosymbiotic acquisition of formerly free‐living bacteria. During more than a billion years of subsequent concerted evolution, the three genomes of plant cells have undergone dramatic structural changes to optimize the expression of the compartmentalized genetic material and to fine‐tune the communication between the nucleus and the organelles. The chimeric composition of many multiprotein complexes in plastids and mitochondria (one part of the subunits being nuclear encoded and another one being encoded in the organellar genome) provides a paradigm for co‐evolution at the cellular level. In this paper, we discuss the co‐evolution of nuclear and organellar genomes in the context of environmental adaptation in species and populations. We highlight emerging genetic model systems and new experimental approaches that are particularly suitable to elucidate the molecular basis of co‐adaptation processes and describe how nuclear‐cytoplasmic co‐evolution can cause genetic incompatibilities that contribute to the establishment of hybridization barriers, ultimately leading to the formation of new species.
Novel cell‐based assay reveals associations of circulating serum AhR‐ligands with metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Park Wook‐Ha , Jun Dae Won , Kim Jin Taek , Jeong Jae Hoon , Park Hyokeun , Chang Yoon‐Seok , Park Kyong Soo , Lee Hong Kyu , Pak Youngmi Kim
Published: January 2013

Serum concentrations of environmental pollutants have been positively correlated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome in epidemiologic studies. In turn, abnormal mitochondrial function has been associated with the diseases. The relationships between these variables, however, have not been studied. We developed novel cell‐based aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist bioassay system without solvent extraction process and analyzed whether low‐dose circulating AhR ligands in human serum are associated with parameters of metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial function. Serum AhR ligand activities were measured as serum 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin equivalent (sTCDDeq) in pM using 10 μL human sera from 97 Korean participants (47 with glucose intolerance and 50 matched controls, average age of 46.6 ± 9.9 years, 53 male and 45 female). sTCDDeq were higher in participants with glucose intolerance than normal controls and were positively associated (P < 0.01) with obesity, blood pressure, serum triglyceride, and fasting glucose, but not with HDL‐cholesterol. Body mass index was in a positive linear relationship with serum AhR ligands in healthy participants. When myoblast cells were incubated with human sera, ATP generating power of mitochondria became impaired in an AhR ligand concentration‐dependent manner. Our results support that circulating AhR ligands may directly reduce mitochondrial function in tissues, leading to weight gain, glucose intolerance, and metabolic syndrome. Our rapid cell‐based assay using minute volume of human serum may provide one of the best monitoring systems for circulating AhR ligands, good clinical biomarkers for the progress of disease and therapeutic efficacy. © 2013 BioFactors, 39(4):494–504, 2013
Acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Angulo‐Llanos R. , Sanz‐Ruiz R. , Solis J. , Fernández‐Avilés F.
Published: January 2013

Transient left ventricular apical ballooning or Takotsubo syndrome (TS) is characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction, electrocardiographic changes that mimic acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and minimal release of myocardial enzymes, with no evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Although prognosis and outcome are relatively good, reported complications include intraventricular thrombi and embolic events. We report an extremely rare case of AMI complicating the early in‐hospital course of a patient with TS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.