bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Field-Theory Approach for Modeling Dissipative Relativistic Fluids
Authors: Andersson Nils , Celora Thomas , Comer Gregory , Hawke Ian
Published: June 2024

We develop an action principle for producing a single fluid, two-constituent system with dissipation. The two constituents in the model are particles and entropy. The particle flux creation rate is taken to be zero, while the entropy creation rate is non-zero. Building on previous work, it is demonstrated that a new term (the proper time derivative of the matter space ``metric'') is required in the Lagrangian in order to produce terms typically associated with bulk and shear viscosity. Equations of motion, entropy creation rate, and energy-momentum-stress tensor are derived. Using an Onsager approach of identifying thermodynamic ``forces'' and ``fluxes'' a model is produced which delivers the same entropy creation rate as the standard, relativistic Navier-Stokes equations. This result is then contrasted with a model generated in the spirit of the action principle, which takes as its starting point a specific Lagrangian and then produces the equations of motion, entropy creation rate, and energy-momentum-stress tensor. Unlike the equations derived from Onsager reasoning, where the analogs of the bulk and shear viscosity coefficients are prescribed ``externally'', we find that the form of the coefficients in the second example are a direct result of the specified Lagrangian. Furthermore, the coefficients are shown to satisfy evolution equations along the fluid worldline; also a product of the specific Lagrangian.
Robust Overbooking for No-shows and Cancellations in Healthcare
Authors: Xiao Feng , Lai Kin Keung , Lau Chun Kit , Ram Bhagwat
Published: June 2024

The healthcare system is crucial to the development, standard of living, and sustainability of any country. Amid the pandemic, most developed countries are experiencing varying levels of difficulty managing their healthcare systems. Overloading of healthcare services is common, leading to prolonged waiting times for medical services; thus, the wastage of hospital resources must be addressed seriously. In this paper, we examine the problem of no-shows in outpatient clinics. Through a review of the literature and practical industrial experience, we identify the processes of these clinics. We then propose a robust optimisation approach for overbooking using a traditional overbooking model and a robust system. This model aims to mitigate the significant parameter uncertainties encountered during the pandemic. Considering risk aversion, the optimal policy for overbooking can be established while accounting for the costs associated with overbooking. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of an alternative method to address the uncertainty of no-shows using an overbooking technique.
Spin–Orbit Coupling Free Nonlinear Spin Hall Effect in a Triangle-Unit Collinear Antiferromagnet with Magnetic Toroidal Dipole
Authors: Hayami Satoru
Published: June 2024

We investigate emergent conductive phenomena triggered by collinear antiferromagnetic orderings. We show that an up-down-zero spin configuration in a triangle cluster leads to linear and nonlinear spin conductivities even without the relativistic spin–orbit coupling; the linear spin conductivity is characterized by the Drude-type one, while the nonlinear spin conductivity is characterized by the Hall-type one. We demonstrate the emergence of both spin conductivities in the breathing kagome system consisting of a triangle cluster. The nonlinear spin conductivity becomes larger than the linear one when the Fermi level lies near the region where a small partial band gap opens. Our results indicate that collinear antiferromagnets with the triangle geometry give rise to rich spin conductive phenomena.
Modelling of the Fate of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Agricultural Soil Columns during Inflow of Surfactant Pulses from Wastewaters
Authors: Saquete María Dolores , Boluda-Botella Nuria , Cases Vicente , Egea Ester
Published: June 2024

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) anionic surfactants are widely used, present in wastewater, and can be discharged causing environmental damage. Without considering biodegradation, sorption and desorption reactions play an important role and depend on the characteristics of the aquifer medium such as the content of organic matter and clay. These processes are modelled with PHREEQC using laboratory-obtained data on columns with an input LAS pulse. LAS adsorption and desorption step experiments carried out in sand columns were also modelled with this software and distribution constants were similar to those obtained for pulse. The values of the starting distribution constant provided by batch tests with sand and agricultural soil mixtures establish the maximum value that must be obtained for column modelling. Distribution constants from column experiments obtained by Freundlich and linear isotherms provided very similar results, the latter with more consistent achievement. The modelling results showed longer elution times in the case of the heavier homologues and with a higher percentage of agricultural soil, which would translate into the great persistence of these compounds in the environment. In the case of soil contamination with wastewater-containing surfactants, these results would allow the development of mitigation strategies for these environmental impacts.
Mobile Health and Artificial Intelligence as Nutritional Support for the Population: A Review
Authors: Nogueira Nerea , Lopez-Santamarina Aroa , Mondragón Portocarrero Alicia C. , Miranda Jose Manuel
Published: June 2024

Mobile applications, websites and social media networks are nowadays widely used communication tools. With the emergence of communication-related technologies in our lives and, consequently, the rise of social networks and mobile applications, health-related applications, generically encompassed under the term digital health, have become popular among the population. Smartphones and artificial intelligence have become very useful tools for health-related interventions. Because they are very accessible and cost-effective. They are also able to serve a larger number of communities than traditional interventions. Nutrition is not a field that has remained on the sidelines, and numerous mobile applications and technological tools have emerged that are intended to help and support diets or in the process of recovering from disease. However, many of these applications have limitations that are important to consider. For this reason, the aim of this review was to analyze the most widely used tools currently in use, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and propose hypotheses for improvement.
Evidence of Gas Phase Glucosyl Transfer and Glycation in the CID/HCD-Spectra of S-Glucosylated Peptides
Authors: Buchowiecka Alicja
Published: June 2024

. Protein cysteine S-glycosylation is a relatively rare and less well characterized post-translational modification (PTM). Creating reliable model proteins that carry this modification is challenging. The lack of available model or natural S-glycosylated proteins significantly hampers the development of MS-based methodologies for detecting protein cysteine S-glycosylation in real-world proteomic studies. There is also limited MS-sequencing data describing easier to create synthetic S-glycopeptides. Here, we present the results of an in-depth manual analysis of automatically annotated CID/HCD spectra for model S-glucopeptides. The CID spectra show a long series of y/b-fragment ions with retained S-glucosylation, regardless of the dominant m/z signals corresponding to neutral loss of 1,2-anhydroglucose from the precursor ions. In addition, the spectra show signals manifesting glucosyl transfer from the cysteine position onto Lys, Arg side chains, and a peptide N-terminus. Other spectral evidence indicates that the N-glucosylated initial products of transfer are converted into N-furanosylated (i.e., glycated) structures due to Amadori rearrangement. We discuss the peculiar transfer of the glucose oxocarbenium ion (Glc+) to positively charged guanidinium residue (ArgH+) and propose a mechanism for the gas-phase Amadori rearrangement involving a hydride ion shift.
Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Autophagy and the Endocannabinoid System in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of the Nrf2- p62/SQSTM1 Pathway and Nutraceutical Activation
Authors: Armeli Federica , Mengoni Beatrice , Laskin Debra L , Businaro Rita
Published: June 2024

The onset of neurodegenerative diseases involves a complex interplay of pathological mecha-nisms, including protein aggregation, oxidative stress, impaired autophagy. This review focuses on the intricate connection between oxidative stress and autophagy in neurodegenerative disor-ders, highlighting autophagy as pivotal in disease pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play dual roles in cellular homeostasis and autophagy regulation, with disruptions of redox sig-naling contributing to neurodegeneration. The activation of the Nrf2 pathway represents a criti-cal antioxidant mechanism, while autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading al-tered cell components. The interaction between p62/SQSTM1, Nrf2 and Keap1 forms a regulatory pathway essential for cellular stress response, whose dysregulation leads to impaired autophagy and aggregate accumulation. Targeting the Nrf2-p62/SQSTM1 pathway holds promise for thera-peutic intervention, mitigating oxidative stress and preserving cellular functions. Additionally, the review explores the potential synergy between the endocannabinoid system and Nrf2 signal-ing for neuroprotection. Further research is needed to elucidate the involved molecular mecha-nisms and develop effective therapeutic strategies against neurodegeneration.
Heat-Induced Oxidative Stress and Use of Astaxanthin on the NF-kB, NFE2L2 Transcription Factors and Cytoprotective Capacity in the Thymus of Broilers
Authors: Kuehu Donna Lee , Fu Yuanyuan , Nasu Masaki , Yang Hua , Khadka Vedbar S. , Deng Youping
Published: June 2024

The thymus, a central lymphoid organ in animals serves as the site for T cell development, differentiation and maturation, vital to adaptive immunity. Thymus is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis providing protection against tumors and tissue damage. Overactive or prolonged immune response can lead to oxidative stress due to increased production of reactive oxygen species. Heat stress induces oxidative stress and overwhelms the natural antioxidant defense mechanisms. The objectives of the study were to investigate the protective properties of astaxanthin against heat-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the chicken thymus, by comparing the growth performance and gene signaling pathways among three groups- thermal neutral, heat stress and heat stress with astaxanthin, under two temperature conditions of 21-22°C and 32-35°C. Both treatments under heat stress experienced reduced growth performance, while the group treated with astaxanthin showed a slightly lesser decline. The inflammatory response and antioxidant defense system were activated by the upregulation of the NF-kB, NFE2L2, PPARα, cytoprotective capacity and apoptotic gene pathways in the heat stress compared to the thermal neutral group. Conversely, expression levels were without significance between the thermal neutral and heat stress with antioxidant groups, suggesting astaxanthin antioxidant effectiveness to mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress damage.
Thermal Stability and Purity of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes: Key Parameters for Their Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
Authors: Martincic Markus , Sandoval Stefania , Oró Judith , Tobías-Rossell Gerard
Published: June 2024

Thermal analysis is widely employed for the characterization of nanomaterials. It encompasses a variety of techniques that allow the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of a material by monitoring its response under controlled temperature. In the case of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene derivatives, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is particularly useful to determine the quality and stability of the sample, presence of impurities and the degree of functionalization or doping after post-synthesis treatments. Furthermore, TGA is widely used to evaluate the thermal stability against oxidation by air, which can be for instance enhanced by the purification of the material and by nitrogen doping, finding application in areas where a retarded combustion of the material is required. Herein, we have evaluated key parameters that play a role in the data obtained from TGA. Within this study we show that the thermogravimetric curve of carbon nanomaterials is greatly influenced by these parameters. This is important in terms of data recording and their analysis, since a poor control of the conditions of measurement might lead to false conclusions. We highlight this by analyzing different samples of graphene and carbon nanotubes where both thermal stability and sample purity assessment are found to be dependent on the employed TGA parameters. Finally, a set of TGA parameters are recommended for the analysis of carbon nanomaterials to obtain reliable data.¡
Analysing Temporal Evolution of OpenStreetMap Waterways Completeness in a Mountain Region of Portugal
Authors: Monteiro Elisabete , Patrício Glória
Published: June 2024

In recent decades, the creation and availability of Voluntary Geographic Information (VGI) has changed the paradigm associated with the production of Geospatial Information (GI), since due to its free access, citizens can view, analyse, process, and validate this type of data. One of the most popular examples of VGI is the collaborative OpenStreetMap (OSM) project which covers a wide range of themes or characteristics associated with the real world. One of these themes is the feature “waterway” that represents watercourses. The quality of OSM data characteristics is an issue that has been published by many authors in recent years, particularly on the analysis of the completeness indicator. However, few references are found in literature to studies that analyse the completeness of OSM watercourses. This study presents an analysis of the variation over time in completeness/coverage of the OSM "waterway" feature in the epochs of 2014 and 2023 in a mountainous region included in the Mondego River basin, located in Inland of Portugal. The results show that the completeness of this OSM feature (waterway) has a slight increase, considering the amplitude of this period (nine years) and the fact that, nowadays, digital mobile devices enable access to satellite images, therefore allowing in an easy way the digitalization of entities or objects of the real world remotely. Regarding the indicator’s altitude, slope and location/proximity of settlements, it was not possible to observe their influence on the evolution of the completeness of this geographic entity (OSM waterway).
Compositional and Microstructural Investigations of Prehistoric Ceramics from Southern Romania (Middle Neolithic Pottery)
Authors: Ion Rodica-Mariana , Pungoi Ancuta-Elena , Iancu Lorena , Grigorescu Ramona Marina , Vasilievici Gabriel , Gheboianu Anca Irina , Slamnoiu-Teodorescu Sofia , Alexandrescu Elvira
Published: June 2024

In this paper, based on our previous expertise on ceramic artifacts, several archaeometric methods applied to some samples collected from the Dudești archaeological site (Oltenia region, Romania) are reported for the first time in the literature. The chemical composition and microstructural and morphological characterization of these samples offer important conclusions about the processing conditions. Some specific techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), wave-length-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), Optical microscopy (OM), stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, provide composition information about pigments and their decay processes. Additionally, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method helps to estimate pore sizes and specific surface areas. Thermal analysis (TGA) was used to establish details regarding the production technology and the raw materials source used to make the ceramics, too. The obtained results indicated that the ceramics are based on a paste of muscovite, feldspar, with high plasticity, quartz, melanterite, and calcite, the latter in very low concentrations. According to the obtained results, we could assume that non-calcareous clays are present in the investigated samples because calcium exists in low concentrations. Gypsum is present, too, in very low concentration, identified by the presence of sulfate group in WDXRF. In the same context, iron oxides significantly impact the firing atmosphere of iron-rich clay, resulting in blackening under reducing conditions and reddish coloration under oxidative conditions. Using hematite and gypsum as pigments further contributes to the color variations in the pottery. The consistent firing temperature range of 200-600 °C in Dudești pottery implies a standardized production process, the variation in color being dependent on the specific reducing/oxidative regime conditions. This relationship between clay composition and local sources suggests a connection to Neolithic pottery production in the region and their color depending on the reducing/oxidative regime conditions.
Cosmic Ionizing Radiation: A DNA Damaging Agent That May Underly Excess Cancer in Flight Crew
Authors: Toprani Sneh M. , Scheibler Christopher , Mordukhovich Irina , McNeely Eileen , Nagel Zachary D.
Published: June 2024

In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration has officially classified flight crew (FC) consisting of commercial pilots, cabin crew or flight attendants as “radiation workers” since 1994 due to the potential for cosmic ionizing radiation (CIR) exposure at cruising altitudes originating from solar activity and galactic sources. Several epidemiological studies have documented elevated incidence and mortality for several cancers in FC, but it has not yet been possible to establish whether this is attributable to CIR. CIR and its constituents are known to cause a myriad of DNA lesions, which can lead to carcinogenesis unless DNA repair mechanisms remove them. But critical knowledge gaps exist with regard to CIR dosimetry, the role of other genotoxic exposures among FC, and possible biological mechanisms underlying higher cancer rates observed in FC exist. This review summarizes our understanding of the role of DNA damage and repair responses relevant to CIR exposure in FC. We aim to stimulate new research directions and provide information that will be useful for guiding regulatory, public health, and medical decision-making to protect and mitigate risks for those who travel by air.
The relationship of arterial hypertension, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and their combination with the occurrence of new cases of cardiovascular diseases in men and women of working age
Authors: Shalnova S. A. , Yarovaya E. B. , Metelskaya V. A. , Filichkina E. M. , Kapustina A. V. , Kutsenko V. A. , Balanova Yu. A. , Imaeva A. E. , Muromtseva G. A. , Evstifeeva S. E. , Maksimov S. A. , Kulakova N. V. , Kalachikova O. N. , Chernykh T. M. , Belova O. A. , Artamonova G. V. , Grinshtein Yu. I. , Libis R. A. , Rotar O. P , Trubacheva I. A. , Efanov A. Yu. , Yakushin S. S. , Redko A. N. , Viktorova I. A. , Prishchepa N. N. , Konradi A. O. , Boytsov S. A. , Shlyakhto E. V , Drapkina O. M.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To evaluate the contribution of arterial hypertension (AH), high lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level and their combination to the development of (myocardial infarction) MI and stroke.

Material and methods. The analysis is based on data from 1 and 2 observations of ESSE-RF study (Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in various regions of the Russian Federation)". A multi-s tage cluster random sample was used, formed according to the territorial principle on the basis of medical and preventive institutions (health facilities). Socio-demographic data (gender, age, education, wealth), smoking status and medical history were determined. Blood pressure (BP) was measured twice, on the right arm, in a sitting position with an automatic blood pressure monitor. Blood samples and its derivatives (serum and plasma) were stored at a temperature of -70ºC. LDL-C value was also included into analysis (LDl- C ≥3 mmol/l). Prospective monitoring of new cases was carried out in the initial sample without patients with coronary artery disease, MI, and stroke. The median follow-up time is 7.5 years. The sample size was 19 794. 356 non-fatal cases were identified, including 222 cases of MI and 174 cases of stroke.

Results. The average age was 44.7 years, in men — 43.2, and in women — 45.3. The prevalence of isolated forms of hypertension, high LDL-C level and its combination were 12.7%, 30.3% and 32%, respectively. It was revealed that the age was the lowest in healthy and those with an increased LDL-C, whereas those with hypertension and combined conditions were older. The risk of nonfatal cases of MI and stroke in the Cox models, was adjusted for gender, age and region. There was a significantly higher risk of new cases of nonfatal CVD in individuals with isolated hypertension compared with those with isolated LDL-C.

Conclusion. The frequency of isolated AH and isolated LDL-C were 13% and 30%, respectively. The combined condition was detected in 30%. The presence of AH, isolated LDL-C and their combinations in the sample doubled the risk of new CVD events.
Comparative placebo-controlled study on the effect of dietary supplements containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on hemodynamics and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women
Authors: Napalkov D. A. , Sokolova A. A. , Kudrjavtseva A. A. , Skripka A. I. , Zhilenko A. V. , Kolpachkova E. V. , Varvarina D. K.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To study the effect of dietary supplements containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFAs) on the parameters of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), 24-hour electrocardiogram (HM-ECG), and lipid profile in postmenopausal women.

Material and methods. The study involved 95 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 55.9±6.0 years, without cardiovascular complications, type 2 diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation/flutter. The patients were divided into the main group (n=49; dietary supplement with Omega-3 PUFAs 1 g 2 times/day — content of Omega-3 PUFAs at least 30%) and the placebo group (n=46; taking capsules with vegetable oil). 17 (34.7%) patients from the main group and 18 (39.1%) patients from the placebo group took constant antihypertensive therapy, 7 (14.3%) of patients from the main group and 7 (15.2%) patients from the placebo group took constant lipid- lowering therapy. The patients did not undergo any adjustment of antihypertensive and lipid-l owering therapy during observation. The patients underwent 24-hour blood pressure and electrocardiogram monitoring, and a lipid profile evaluation at the initial visit and after 3 months.

Results. It was statistically registered a significant decrease in average daily diastolic BP according to ABPM data by 1.8 mmHg. Art. (p=0.03), as well as the average daily heart rate according to HM-ECG data by 1.9 beats per minute (p=0.04) in the main group after 3 months. LDL levels tended to decrease (p=0.07) in the mail group. There were no statistically significant changes in the average daily systolic blood pressure according to ABPM, the number of supraventricular and ventricular heart rhythm disturbances, or the lipid profile (TC, LDL, triglycerides, HDL) in both groups.

Conclusion. The dietary supplements containing Omega-3 PUFAs in postmenopausal women significantly reduces the level of daily diastolic blood pressure and daily heart rate without significant effect on lipid profile.
Cardiotoxicity mechanisms of antitumor therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors: new achievements
Authors: Khidirova L. D. , Latsvieva A. E. , Vederin A. V.
Published: June 2024

The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICTs) emergence has opened up new perspectives in cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, serious, including life-threatening conditions caused by ICT cardiotoxic effects pose a number of obstacles to clinical specialists. The lack of knowledge about pathophysiology of cardiovascular adverse events in the treatment of ICT tumors is one of the reasons why oncological specialists seek help from cardiologists. Some works consider the mechanisms of individual complications development, but the number of works that would systematize and summarize descriptions of all the most significant ICT inhibitor therapy complications is small. In this regard, a literature review on the use of ICT inhibitors was conducted with a search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, e-L ibrary, Google Scholar. The purpose was to analyze the accumulated data on the mechanisms of ICT therapy complications development; Preference was given to systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, which would be supplemented by separate cohort studies and descriptions of some experiments. Thus, it was determined that the ICT inhibitors cardiotoxicity can affect any part of the cardiovascular system, causing changes in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory etiology. Understanding their mechanisms increases the ability of specialists to form an effective treatment strategy while minimizing the risk of complications. Although a lot of theoretical, experimental and clinical empirical data on the side effects of this class of anticancer drugs have been accumulated in oncological practice, the ICT inhibitors cardiotoxicity is a problem requiring further research.
Cardiorehabilitation clinical efficacy depending on the duration of the rehabilitation program and the patient’s adherence
Authors: Aronov D. M. , Bubnova M. G.
Published: June 2024

The results of studies investigating the clinical effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiovascular surgery are discussed. It is known that CR programs vary in duration and dose (number of training sessions) across different countries. Systematic analysis of studies evaluating the clinical effectiveness of the program depending on its duration is relevant. The results of studies aimed at determining the minimum number of training sessions that can lead to a reliable increase in physical performance are also described. The analysis of studies on patients’ adherence to rehabilitation programs and its impact on the final clinical effects of CR is presented. It is shown that the most noticeable result is observed when patients participate in 80% or more of the required training sessions. Patients’ high adherence to physical training (PT) depends on many reasons. In this review we describe groups of patients with low adherence to PT. One of the important conditions for maintaining adherence to CR is a high-quality approach in management of such patients, giving a clearly noticeable favorable clinical effect. At the present stage, there is a need for individualization of CR strategy and transition to new forms of CR (home rehabilitation, tele-rehabilitation, etc.). When applying different "new models" of CR, it is important to maintain their high clinical efficacy.
Repurposing of electric vehicle batteries for second life stationary applications in residential photovoltaic systems: an environmental and economic sustainability assessment
Authors: Salinas Koldo Saez de Bikuña , Pierobon Matteo , Soldati Cristian , Vale Manfredi , Picone Nicoletta
Published: June 2024

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of repurposing used electric vehicle (EV) batteries for second-life applications in residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, exploring both environmental and economic dimensions through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC). As the EV market grows, the environmental and economic sustainability of batteries, including repurposing for stationary applications, becomes critical. This study compares the economic feasibility and environmental impacts of repurposed EV battery packs against new batteries in residential PV systems. The comparison of batteries was carried out through an innovative concept: the lifetime energy throughput (LET). Differences in LET of repurposed batteries (20% to 25% lower than new ones) were used to adjust and calculate battery salvage value prices, which were estimated to be 100 to €120 €/kWh. Key findings highlight the potential economic viability and significant environmental benefits of repurposing, reducing the overall cost of EV while enhancing the sustainability of battery usage. The main parameters influencing repurposing costs and environmental performance are the state-of-health (SOH) and depth of discharge (DOD). The analysis contributes valuable insights into the circular economy potential of EV batteries, offering a model for integrating repurposed batteries into energy storage solutions that support renewable energy adoption.
A comprehensive study of the influence of process parameters on residual stress in laser metal deposition of Nickel-based superalloy
Authors: Yang Maohong , Wu Guiyi , Li Xiangwei , Zhang Ruiyao , Zhang Shuyan , Wang Honghong
Published: June 2024

This paper studied the impact of process parameters in laser metal deposition on distribution and magnitude of residual stresses. A finite element method was used to create a residual stress model with parameters as variables. The study used a Taguchi L32 experimental design, with four levels for each parameter, and analyzed residual stresses along critical paths using quadratic functions. The results reveal that the impact of process parameters varies across different regions of the component. Melt pool size primarily affects the location of maximum residual stresses at the interface between the substrate and the deposited layer. Deposition length affects the concentration of residual stresses at the center of the interface between the substrate and the deposited layer. Substrate thickness has a substantial impact on residual stresses. Scanning strategy influences residual stresses at the edges of the upper surface of the deposited layer. Boundary conditions and yield strength affect residual stresses in various regions of the deposited layer. The coefficient of thermal expansion influences residual stresses at the interface between the base material and the deposited layer.
Structure and activity of the Lugdulysin M30 zinc metallopeptidase, a potential virulence factor from Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Authors: ruff Marc , Levy Nicolas , Prola Kevin , Humbert Nicolas , Strub Jean Marc , Keller Daniel , Boudier Christian , Batisse Julien , Mely Yves , Cianferani Sarah , Prevost Gilles
Published: June 2024

Staphylococcus lugdunensis, a skin commensal, secretes metallopeptidase Lugdulysin associated with bone-joint infections. We structurally and functionally characterize Lugdulysin. Crystallographic structures of the native protein and of an inactive double mutant reveal the intramolecular chaperone role of the N-term 22 residues of the propeptide in the mature protein. E242Q-Y315F non-active Prolugdulysin structure highlights the presence of the C-term part of the propeptide buried inside the catalytic cleft, defining an aspartate-switch maturation. To become functional, Prolugdulysin is maturated in trans as observed by incubation with Lugdulysins functionally active and not. We determine an overall kcat/Km with synthetic substrates and confirm importance of a hydrophobic residue at -3 and/or +3 position for specific substrate recognition. Moreover, Lugdulysin exhibits a protective effect against bactericidal activity of cathelicidin, strengthening a potential role of virulence factor. These results pave ways to design inhibitory molecules of potential clinical interest.
Clinical application of polar-body based preimplantation genetic testing for maternal mutations in females with a limited number of oocytes
Authors: Chen Jia , Wu Xingwu , Xu Qiang , Ding Tao , Chen Ge , Chen Houyang , Zou Yongyi , Huang Jialyu , Zhang Ziyu , Tian Lifeng , Zhao Yan , Duan Ranhui , Li Zengming , Wu Qiongfang , Liu Yanqiu
Published: June 2024

Background

Trophectoderm (TE) cell biopsy at the blastocyst stage is currently the predominant method used in preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M). However, this approach may result in the discarding of genetically unaffected embryos due to the fact that not all embryos progress to the blastocyst stage. This study aimed to investigate the advantages of utilizing polar body (PB) biopsy in females with disease-causing mutations and a limited number of oocytes undergoing PGT-M.

Methods

Three couples with females carrying autosomal dominant or X-linked mutations in IRF6, FMR1, and EDA were recruited. The number of retrieved oocytes was no more than six per cycle. The first and second PBs (PB1 and PB2) of each oocyte were individually biopsied and subjected to multiple displacement amplification (MDA). The genotype of each embryo was deduced by analyzing the MDA products of corresponding PB1 and PB2 using a novel strategy that combined direct mutation testing and single nucleotide polymorphism linkage analysis. Mutation-free embryos cryopreserved before the blastocyst stage were selected to transfer.

Results

In total, four cycles were conducted resulting in the retrieval of 15 oocytes for the three couples. The genotype of each embryo was successfully determined. Seven mutation-free embryos were identified. Three of them were transferred and resulted in two clinical pregnancies, culminating in the birth of two healthy babies. The accuracy of the embryo genotypes was validated through genetic testing of the fetuses in the second trimester or at birth.

Conclusions

The PB-based strategy is feasible and effective to detect the mutation carrier statuses of embryos in PGT-M for maternal mutations. Compared with blastocyst stage detection, this method may preserve a higher number of genetically unaffected embryos for the patients. Further clinic trials are warranted to verify whether PB biopsy offers greater benefits than TE cell biopsy for females with disease-causing mutations and a limited number of oocytes in PGT-M.
Spirulina platensis peptide-loaded nanoliposomes alleviate hepatic lipid accumulation in Male Wistar Rats by influencing redox homeostasis and lipid metabolism via the AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: karimzadeh katayoon , Unniappan Suraj , Zahmatkesh Asgar
Published: June 2024

Spirulina platensis low-molecular-weight peptides (SP) have been reported to exhibit antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. However, the limited bioavailability and solubility of SPs limit their potential applications. In this study, to examine the potential anti-obesity effects and underlying mechanisms of SPs, high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model rats were treated with SPs and SP-loaded nanoliposomes. Furthermore, hepatic biochemical parameters, inflammatory markers, histopathological changes, and genes involved in AMPK signaling were analyzed.
SP-loaded nanoliposomes demonstrated a spherical shape with slower and sustained SP release. SP and SP-loaded nanoliposomes mitigated hepatic damage by lowering serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)and increasing hepatic antioxidant enzymes, which are manifested in improving histopathological findings. In addition, and notably SP-loaded nanoliposomes downregulated lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) in the liver. Meanwhile, an upregulation of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK), and lipid acid oxidation-related genes carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) was found in the rat liver.
This data imply that SP and SP-loaded nanoliposomes exhibit protective potential in rats against the HFD-induced NAFLD, which is mediated through the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
Comparative Analysis of MIG Brazing Modes: Process Stability, Bead Morphology, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Singh Jaivindra , Arora Kanwer Singh , Oliveira J. P. , Asati Brajesh
Published: June 2024

This study compares various modes of metal inert gas (MIG) brazing concerning process stability, bead morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The pulsed-MIG process produces joints with flatter and wider bead morphology, indicating better wettability compared to cold metal transfer (CMT) and standard-MIG processes. This difference is due to the higher heat input of the pulsed-MIG process at the same wire feed rate (WFR). Analysis of voltage-current signals, probability distribution curves, and cyclograms reveals that the CMT-MIG process is the most stable and defect-free, while the standard-MIG process becomes less stable with increasing WFR. Joints brazed using the pulsed-MIG process have significantly higher shear-tensile strength compared to the other two modes, primarily due to higher wettability. Three modes of failure—horizontal interface (mode 1), vertical interface and bead (mode 2), and base metal (mode 3)—were observed. Excessive wettability reduces the cross-sectional area, negatively impacting static and dynamic performance, especially in pulsed brazing joints under high load amplitudes. Conversely, the bumpy beads in CMT and standard-MIG processes enhance the cross-sectional area, providing better resistance against failure along the vertical interface and bead. This study offers a comprehensive database and guidance for selecting appropriate brazing methods depending on joint application, considering the limitations of each brazing process.
Health information literacy among children with spinal muscular atrophy and their caregivers in China
Authors: Zhang Weiran , Feng Yijie , Yan Yue , Yao Mei , Gao Feng , Lin Wei , Mao Shanshan
Published: June 2024

Background
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive motor neuron disease that leads to multiple organ dysfunction. The advent of disease-modifying treatments makes the early diagnosis of SMA critical. Health information literacy is vital for obtaining, understanding, screening, and using health information. Considering the importance of early diagnosis and the challenges in obtaining accurate information on patients with SMA, this study assesses health information literacy among children with SMA and their caregivers in China.
Methods
Interviews with the caregivers of 10 patients with SMA were conducted by neurologists specializing in SMA. A questionnaire for evaluating the level of health information literacy was further developed among 145 children with SMA and their caregivers. Parameters, such as the age at the onset of the first symptom and time from recognition of the first symptom to diagnosis, were examined. Health information literacy was measured using four dimensions: cognition, search, evaluation, and application.
Results
The average time from the first symptom to first medical consultation was 4.8 months, and from the first symptom to diagnosis was 10.8 months. Thirty-five (24%) patients had poor health information literacy, while 26 (18%) had high health information literacy. The overall score for health information literacy was 69; the scores for health information cognition and application were 90 and 84, respectively. The scores for evaluation (61) and search (57) were low. Medical personnel were considered the most professional and credible sources of information. Additionally, search engines and patient organizations were the other two most important sources of health literacy.
Conclusion
Patients with SMA and their caregivers had low levels of health information literacy. Cognition and application were high, whereas evaluation and search were poor. As such, medical personnel with experience in the diagnosis and treatment of SMA and media should aim to share knowledge and increase the quality of life of those with SMA.
A 6-connected {Cu2O5 )} cluster-based metal-organic framework based on tetrabromoterephthalate: synthesis, crystal structure and fluorescent properties
Authors: Wang Yan-Fei , An Hang-Yi , Mao Qian , He Lintao , Li Shu-Yan , Li Jia-Ming
Published: June 2024

An interseting Cu(II)-based organic framework containing a Cu2O5 cluster, [Cu (TBA)(CH3OH)]n (1) has been hydrothermally synthesized with tetrabromoterephthalate (H2TBA) ligand. The X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis shows that the CuII center is hexa-coordinated and situated on perfect octahedral geometry formed by four carboxyl oxygen atoms of four symmetry-related TBA2− anions and two O-donors of two reverse µ2-CH3OH bridges. Each TBA2− ligand plays as a µ4 tetra-monodentate linker and connect four Cu2+ cations together to form the three dimensional structure of 1. Surprisingly, there are no significant hydrogen bonds and π-stack interactions in 1, but the Br···Br halogen bonds interactions. Detailed topology analysis found that the 3D cluster-based metal-organic framework of 1 can be simplified to 4 topological types: a 4,4-c 2-nodal {42·84} lvt topology, a 6,6-c 2-nodal {413·62}{48·66·8} FEQWOO topology, a 4,6-c 2-nodal {32·62·72}{34·42·64·75} seh-4,6-Imma topology, and a 6,8-c 2-nodal {34·44·54·63}{38·414·54·62} new topology, respectively. Moreover, 1 exhibits intense solid-state luminescence emissions centered at 478 nm at room temperature, which mainly originates from the intraligand π→ π* transitions of TBA2−. The CCDC number of 1 is 2355788.
HCV RNA Positivity among Hepatitis C Patients in Chongqing, China from 2004 to 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: HE Yaping , YE Shaodong , ZHANG Wei , LU Rongrong , LIN Jing , ZHOU Chao , WU Guohui
Published: June 2024

Background: A substantial number of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have been identified, yet not all diagnosed patients have received treatment, leading to uncertainties in the progression of the virus within these individuals. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HCV RNA positivity in diagnosed cases in Chongqing, China and identify key groups.
Methods: An investigation was conducted on 6333 hepatitis C cases who were diagnosed and reported in the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System in 17 districts of Chongqing, China from 2004 to 2021. The process involved collecting venous blood for HCV RNA and genotype testing, as well as gathering case information through a questionnaire. The analysis focused on comparing the HCV RNA positive rates among patients with different characteristics to identify key groups.
Results: The HCV RNA positive rate was 37.7% among 6,333 cases. Patients who had never received treatment (47.6%) and those treated with interferon (25.6%) showed higher positivity rates than those treated with DAAs (8.1%). HCV RNA positive were generally higher in the following groups: males, aged 40-49 years and 50-59 years, farmers or manual laborers, the unemployed or job-seeking and cases diagnosed before 2019. Individuals with higher education level and higher income exhibited lower HCV RNA positivity rates.
Conclusions: A considerable portion of identified hepatitis C cases in Chongqing remain HCV RNA positive. Multiple factors contribute to HCV RNA positivity among these patients, necessitating comprehensive interventions to promote adherence to treatment.
Developing and pilot testing competence cards in clinical rotations: medical students’ and supervisors’ perception
Authors: Østergaard Doris , Lundsgaard Kristine Sarauw , Boilesen Astrid Elisabeth Bruun , Andersen Mette Lehmann , Kirkeby Lene Tschemerinsky , Kristensen Helle , Nordal Tine , Rasmussen Julie , Mielke-Christensen Anne , Boysen Trine
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Several studies have shown that the medical students express uncertainty and a lack of preparedness in relation to being able to function as a doctor. The purpose of this project was to develop a portfolio with competence cards covering some of the seven medical roles, to introduce these in six departments and to evaluate the medical students´ and the clinical supervisors´ perception of this intervention.
METHODS
By using Kern’s six step a portfolio consisting of four competence cards was developed to be used in medical students 5-week clinical stay in the fourth year of their studies. Each competence card was intended to be used three times by peer-to-peer, by supervisor and by coordinators, respectively. At the end of the students´ clinical rotation interviews were conducted with students and supervisors. The project included three cohorts of medical students. An electronical version of the portfolio was available for the second and third cohort.
RESULTS
A total of 60 medical students used the competence cards. The students described easier access to supervision and systematic feedback. They appreciated the structure making the learning objectives clear. Both students and supervisors found the competence cards to reflect recognizable clinical situations and preferred the portfolio compared to the normal ‘logbook’. The electronic solution was easily accessible and was preferred.
CONCLUSIONS
Competence cards reflecting recognizable clinical situations are a functioning tool for supervision and feedback. The electronic portfolio is appreciated by students and supervision allows training in all sevens doctors roles.
Maternal and Neonatal Factors' Effects on Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell Yield
Authors: Mahmoud Ranim , Bassiouny Mohamed , Badawy Ahmed , Darwish Ahmad , Yahia Sohier , El-Tantawy Nora
Published: June 2024

Because Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are easily accessible, easy to isolate, and ethically acceptable, they represent a talented source of MSCs for use in regenerative medicine. Considering decisions on WJ-MSCs collection requires extensive knowledge of the factors that impact their yield. This study's objective was to evaluate the influence of parameters related to mothers and newborns on the WJ-MSCs yield. The WJ-MSCs were isolated and expanded after being taken from 79 umbilical cord samples. Population doubling time and cell proliferation were assessed. By flow cytometry analysis, WJ-MSCs were identified by positivity of CD105, CD90, and CD73 and negativity of CD45 and CD34. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between umbilical cord width and P1 doubling time. Maternal age and WJ-MSC yield were shown to be negatively correlated. Birth weight and gestational age showed a significant positive correlation between WJ-MSCs yield and neonatal variables. No significant correlations were detected between the WJ-MSCs and the mother parity, nor the neonatal sex, fetal presentation, or head circumference. The WJ-MSCs yield increases with younger maternal age, increased gestational age, and increased neonatal birth weight. Hence, consideration should be given to these factors when selecting the ideal donors.