bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population fluctuation of Melanagromyza sojae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on chickpea and soybean crops and update of its geographical distribution in Argentina
Authors: Casmuz Augusto S. , Vera Martin A. , Suarez Lourdes L. , Guedes Jerson C. , Gastaminza Gerardo , Murua Maria G.
Published: January 2025

Melanagromyza sojae, the soybean stem fly (Zehntner) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), is a new pest in soybean and chickpea crops in South America. The objective of this study was to determine population fluctuations of M. sojae in both crops using adults caught in yellow sticky traps and by sampling injured plants. Additionally, an update of its geographical distribution in Argentina is provided. Adults of this species were collected for multiple years and during the cycles of both soybean and chickpea crops, on volunteer soybean plants, and during periods when the crops were not present. Injuries caused by M. sojae occurred throughout the growing period of chickpea and the reproductive stages of soybean. The highest infestation level was registered in chickpea crops. Regarding the distribution of M. sojae, we have reported Medicago sativa, Vigna radiata, Mellilothus sp., Helianthus annuus, Carthamus tinctorius, Heliotropium sp., Glandularia sp., and Parthenium sp. for the first time as new host plants in Argentina. The presence of M. sojae in Chaco province (Argentina) was also reported for the first time. Finally, the highest percentage of infestation registered in chickpea crops shows that M. sojae is a pest in chickpea-growing areas in Argentina where this pest is widely distributed. It is of vital importance to develop effective control methods, to research and recommend efficient management strategies and control methods for M. sojae in chickpea.
Assessment of transpulmonary thermodilution, ultrasound dilution, and esophageal Doppler against direct pulmonary artery flow for cardiac output monitoring in anesthetized cats
Authors: Liao Pen-Ting , Tillson Michael , Clark-Price Stuart , Kuo Kendon , Gerken Katherine , Claret Aina
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

To assess the agreement of transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) and transpulmonary ultrasound dilution (TPUD) against direct measurement of main pulmonary artery flow with an ultrasound transit time flow probe (UTF) over a wide range of conditions in anesthetized cats. Additionally, the trending ability of TPTD, TPUD, and esophageal Doppler ultrasonography (EDU) was evaluated against UTF.

METHODS

12 purpose-bred cats were used. One cat was used for a pilot study. The cats were instrumented according to the manufacturer’s recommendation. Paired measurements were made over a wide range of cardiac output. Agreement was analyzed with Bland-Altman analysis with repeated measures, and trending ability was assessed by 4-quadrant plot and concordance rate. Interchangeable was defined as percentage error less than simplified total error. Acceptable trending was defined as concordance rate > 95%.

RESULTS

Bias and percentage error were −0.084 L·min−1 and 38.2% for TPTD and −0.041 L·min−1 and 52.9% for TPUD. The concordance rate was 100%, 95.5%, and 64% to 65% for TPTD, TPUD, and EDU, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Both TPTD and TPUD were not interchangeable to UTF. Both TPTD and TPUD provided acceptable trending ability but not EDU.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Transpulmonary thermodilution and TPUD allow detection of the direction of cardiac output changes in anesthetized cats but not EDU. Clinical and research use of these 3 devices warrants careful consideration of the limitations presented in this study.
#027 Transplante dentário – Caso clínico
Authors:   ULS S. João, Maia Henrique , Maurício Ana ,   ULS S. João, Graça Mariana ,   ULS S. João, Melo Rute ,   ULS S. João, Lopes Constança ,   ULS S. João, Ferreira Joaquim ,   ULS S. João
Published: January 2025

Introdução: O transplante dentário é um procedimento que envolve a transferência de um dente da sua posição original para um local edêntulo. Embora pouco comum, é uma alternativa para pacientes que têm que ser submetidos a exodontia de molares e ainda têm terceiros molares. Esta técnica pode também ser utilizada para preservação da integridade da arcada dentária em pacientes sob preparação ortodôntica pré cirurgia ortognática. Descrição do Caso Clínico: Neste artigo, é descrito um caso de uma paciente de 23 anos, encaminhada à consulta de estomatologia por insatisfação com a conformação estética do seu mento. Ao exame objetivo, constatava-se uma prognatia com classe III cirúrgica. Posto isto, iniciou tratamento ortodôntico para preparação de cirurgia ortognática. Posteriormente, a paciente apresentou uma cárie extensa no dente 37, pelo que se procedeu à sua exodontia. Para manter a integridade da arcada dentária e favorecer uma preparação ortodôntica adequada, optou- se pela transplantação do dente 38 para o alvéolo do dente 37. Nas reavaliações após a intervenção, a paciente encontra-se sem queixas e sem sinais de rejeição do transplante. Continua a realização de tratamento ortodôntico pré cirurgia ortognática. Discussão e Conclusões: Nestes pacientes, a perda dentária pode comprometer a preparação ortodôntica. O transplante dentário apresenta, assim, benefícios significativos na manutenção da função mastigatória e na estabilização ortodôntica pré-cirúrgica. Um acompanhamento pós operatório rigoroso é necessário para diagnosticar e tratar precocemente quaisquer complicações do transplante, de modo a garantir o seu sucesso a longo prazo.
DESAIN GRAFIS MEMPERKUAT DIGITAL MARKETING KEPADA WIRAUSAHA MUDA LDII KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Norsain Norsain , Pranata Mohammad Firlie , Dharmawan Johan
Published: January 2025

Era digital menjadi tantangan dan peluang dalam berbisnis, tantangan dan peluang tersebut perlu dijawab dengan kemampuan yang diasah sesuai perkembangan. Para Pelaku bisnis online menjadi semakin diminati banyak kalangan, bahkan hampir semua masyarakat yang tidak memiliki toko secara umum juga melakukan penjualan online, Hal tersebut karena dianggap mudah dan praktis. Perkembangan tersebut juga harus diikuti para pemuda LDII di era digital.
Para Pemuda LDII merupakan pemuda yang aktif dalam melakukan binsis dan usaha bertujuan untuk mensejahterakan para anggota khususnya dan masyarakat sumenep pada umumnya yang menikmati fasilitas tersebut.
Diusianya yang masih dini tersebut masih belum memanfaatkan penjualan di dunia online karena keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, hal tersebut telah diupayakan mendapatkan solusi dengan adanya pelatihan dan pengabdian dari Universitas Wiraraja dan mahasiswa bisnis digital. Para pemuda LDII yang minim pengetahuan dan  masih belum memiliki pengalaman penjualan online. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka diperlukan adanya pelatihan dan pendampingan terkait tentang menjadi seorang digital marketer.
Program pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi langkah awal memulai usaha online dengan mereka dituntut memiliki mental yang kreatif dan inovatif.
IMPLICATIONS OF BIODEGRADABLE AND BIOADHESIVE SYSTEMS IN COLON DELIVERY
Authors: Kaushik Dinesh , Sardana Satish , Mishra Dina Nath
Published: January 2025

Oral or non-parental drug delivery systems are widely used for the administration of therapeutic drugs. However, the gastrointestinal tract presents several barriers to anticancer drugs in targeting colon cancer. Colonic drug delivery has gained increased importance not just for the delivery of the drugs for the treatment of local diseases associated with the colon but also for its potential for the delivery of proteins and therapeutic peptides. To achieve successful colonic delivery, which is considered to be the optimum site for colon-targeted delivery of drugs, colon targeting is of prime importance for the topical treatment of diseases of colon such as Chorn's diseases, ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer and amebiasis. Peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides and vaccines pose potential candidature for colon targeted drug delivery.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF FAMOTIDINE FLOATING MATRIX TABLETS
Authors: Patel Manish P. , Patel Madhabhai M. , Patel Dipti H. , Patel Krishnakumar N.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this research work was to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system of Famotidine. This study investigated utility of a 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design and optimization process for floating tablet of famotidine with 5 replicates of center points. Amount of HPMC K4 (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl cellulose), amount of NaHCO3 and amount of citric acid were selected as the independent variables whereas total floating time (TFT), half life, % cumulative drug release at 10 hrs, and diffusion coefficients (n) were selected as dependent variables. The prepared tablets of famotidine were evaluated for dissolution study and found to follow zero order release kinetic. The responses were analyzed using ANOVA and the individual response parameters were evaluated using F test and polynomial equation was generated for each response using MLRA. The amount of HPMC K4 and amount of citric acid were found to significantly influence all response parameters selected whereas the amount of NaHCO3 has significant effect on TFT. Optimum amount of HPMC K4, NaHCO3, and citric acid is important in achieving good floating time and minimum floating lag time. It was clear from dissolution profiles that the tablets of batch F3, F7, and F12 exhibits initial burst phase during the first hour of dissolution. The burst phase was followed by a limited drug release for the rest of the period. The produced tablets exhibited good floating time and controlled drug release over a period of 12 h. The resultant data were critically analyzed to locate the composition of optimum formulations. All predicted values of response variables of optimized formulation demonstrated close agreement with the experimental data during optimization procedure.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF DIFFERENT LIVER TOXICANTS USED IN EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: Bigoniya P. , Singh C. S. , Shukla A.
Published: January 2025

Liver is a primary organ involved in metabolism of food and drugs. Liver disorders are mainly caused by toxic chemicals, such as antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, peroxidised oil, aflatoxin, carbon tetrachloride, chlorinated hydrocarbons etc. Toxic liver injury produced by drugs and chemicals may virtually mimic any form of naturally occurring liver disease. In view of multiplicity and complexity of the liver functions, it is obvious that no single test can establish the disturbances in liver function. Thus, a battery of liver function tests is employed for accurate diagnosis, to assess the severity of damage, to judge prognosis and to evaluate therapy. To study hepatoprotective potential of any herbal product, isolated phytochemical or synthetically developed moiety induction of experimental liver damage is prerequisite. The selection of toxicant depends on type and nature of liver damage required as every toxicant has its unique mode of action producing specific type of destruction. The hepatoprotective mechanism of any drug under study can be explained based on its protective behavioragainst different toxicants. This review is precise compilation of experimental liver pharmacology taking concern dose, route, and schedule of different liver toxicants along with evaluation biochemical, histological and functional ability parameters. The literature compilation will definitely help researcher in design and assessment of studies involving liver function.
TIME DEPENDENT ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FRESH JUICE OF LEAVES OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM
Authors: Panjwani D. , Mishra B. , Banji D.
Published: January 2025

The antioxidant activities of fresh juice of Coriandrum sativum was evaluated by various methods in vivo. Scavenging effects on the hydroxyl and super oxide radicals, level of glutathione and protection against reactive oxygen species induced lipid were evaluated. The fresh juice exhibited high antioxidant activities, evidenced by its ability to scavenge hydroxyl- and superoxide-radicals, high reducing power, and protection against biological macromolecular oxidative damage and by increasing the level of glutathione. Presence of flavonoids confirms its antioxidant activity. In conclusion, these results demonstrate potential antioxidant activity of fresh juice of Coriandrum sativum.
PHARMACOPHORE DISTANCE MAPPING AND DOCKING STUDY OF SOME BENZIMIDAZOLE ANALOGS AS A2A RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
Authors: Ghatol Santosh P. , Verma Saurabh , Agarwal Khushboo , Sharon Ashoke
Published: January 2025

Extracellular adenosine regulates a wide range of functions in higher organisms, in which the effects are mediated by a family of four class A (rhodopsin-like) GPCRs, a, adenosine receptors known as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A2A antagonists, either alone or in combination with dopamine agonists, can have a role in the treatment of neurodegenerative movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. The concept of a pharmacophore is widely used in modern drug design and it is generally defined as the 3D arrangement of certain features in the ligand that are responsible for its activity against a particular protein target. Docking involves, the process of fitting the ligand into receptor, and the compounds which fit in them properly are assumed to be active for that receptor and it gives corresponding docking scores.
A NOVEL GRAPHENE OXIDE-PARA AMINO BENZOIC ACID NANOSHEET AS EFFECTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM TO TREAT DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA
Authors: Ghosh Dipankar , Chandra Sourov , Chakraborty Arindam , Ghosh Sudip Kumar , Pramanik Panchanan
Published: January 2025

A novel graphene oxide-para amino benzoic acid nanosheet was synthesized by modified chemical exfoliation ofexpandable graphite using K2Cr2O7. Physico-chemical characteristics of graphene oxide-para-amino benzoic acidnanosheet were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and biocompatibility assay. Experimental results showed that the average size and zeta potential of graphene oxide-para amino benzoic acid nanosheet sheets 100 nm and -34.9 (±7.03) mV, respectively. Afterwards, tetracycline drug loading efficiency and drug releasing efficiency were also monitored. Drug loading and drug releasing efficiency were found to be 64.075 (±2.74) and 38.35 (±0.07) %, respectively. Finally, antimicrobial activity of tetracycline loaded this nanosheet was determined in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration and putative mode of action on tetracycline resistant bacteria Escherichia coli XL-1. The minimal inhibitory concentration of this nanosheet was found to be 110µg/ml. Hence, it has been clearly shown that graphene oxide-para amino benzoic acid nanosheet has very unique features as drug delivery system to treat drug resistant bacteria.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SCHIFF’S AND N-MANNICH BASES OF ISATIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES WITH 4-AMINO-N-CARBAMIMIDOYL BENZENE SULFONAMIDE
Authors: Singh U. K. , Pandeya S. N. , Singh A. , Srivastava B. K. , Pandey M.
Published: January 2025

Isatin and substituted Isatin were reacted with 4-amino-N-carbamimidoyl benzene sulfonamide to form a series of Schiff’s bases. The Mannich bases of these compounds were synthesized by reacting them with formaldehyde and secondary amine (piperidine). All the compounds were characterized by means of their IR, 1H NMR spectroscopic data and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by tube dilution method. The synthesized compounds showed better antibacterial activity than the reference drugs.
PHYTO-PHARMACOLOGY OF CELASTRUS PANICULATUS: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Bhanumathy M. , Chandrasekar S. B. , Chandur Uma , Somasundaram T.
Published: January 2025

Celastrus paniculatus (CP), a traditional Ayurvedic medicinal plant used for centuries as a memory enhancing, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sedative and antiepileptic agent. The seed extract has been extensively investigated in several laboratories for their neuropharmacological effects and a number of reports are available confirming their nootropic action. In addition, researchers have evaluated the anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and other pharmacological effects of CP preparations/extracts. Therefore, in view of the important activities performed by this plant, investigation must be continued in the recently observed actions described in this paper. Moreover, clinical studies have to be encouraged, also to evidence any side effects and possible interactions between this herbal medicine and synthetic drugs.
NEW FLUORIMETRIC METHOD OF DETERMINATION FOR LISINOPRIL DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Jamakhandi CM , Javali Chandrashekar , Kumar Satish , Kumar Santosh , DS Sanjay Kumar
Published: January 2025

New fluorimetric analytical method which is simple, accurate, precise, specific is developed for determination of Lisinopril. The fluorimetric determination of Lisinopril is based on the formation of complex between Lisinopril and Fluorescien, measured at excitation wavelength of 366 nm and emission wavelength of 475 nm. Linearity was observed in the range of 0.03 – 0.15 µg ml-1. The fluorimetric method shows regression coefficient of 0.99971, and Relative Standard Deviation 0.527. Tablet dosage forms were estimated were complied with percentage recovery studies of 99-100 %. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and statistically expressed.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR ESTIMATING SULFAMETHOXAZOLE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
Authors: Sharma Sangita , Neog M. , Dabhi Dipti
Published: January 2025

Four simple, sensitive, accurate, and rapid visible spectrophotometric methods (A, B, C and D) have been developed for the estimation of sulfamethoxazole in pharmaceutical Preparation. They are based on the diazotization of sulfamethoxazole with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid followed by coupling with N-(1-naphthyl ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (Method A) to form pink coloured chromogen, diphenylamine (Method B) to form pink coloured chromogen, β-napthol (in alkaline medium) (Method C) to form a orange yellow coloured chromogen and Resorcinol (in alkaline medium) (Method D) to form orange red coloured chromogen and exhibiting absorption maxima λmax at 536 nm, 516 nm, 477 nm and 502 nm respectively. The coloured chromogens formed are stable for more than 2 h. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 4 -12 µg mL-1 in method A , 2 – 10 µg mL-1 in method B, 5 – 25 µg mL-1 in method C and 1 – 5 µg mL-1 in method D respectively. The Results of the four analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies. The results obtained in the proposed methods are in good agreements with labeled amounts, when marketed pharmaceutical preparations are analyzed.
ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL FRACTIONATION FROM METHANOL EXTRACT OF AERIAL PARTS OF CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS LINN. (CONVOLVULACEAE)
Authors: Thakral Jatin , Borar Sakshi , . Roopa , Kalia A. N.
Published: January 2025

Aerial parts of Convolvulus arvensis were subjected to extraction and further fractionation to obtain antioxidant rich fraction. Different concentrations of methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction were subjected to antioxidant assay by DPPH method, nitric oxide scavenging activity and reducing power assay. The fractions showed dose dependent free radical scavenging property in all the models. IC50 values for methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction were found to be 131.03 ± 2.46 and 43.21 ± 4.45 respectively in comparison to L-Ascorbic acid and Rutin as standard with IC50 values of 6.537 ± 0.235 and 5.437 ± 0.206 respectively in DPPH model. In nitric oxide scavenging activity the IC50 values were found to be 130.12 ± 2.46 and 57.5 ± 4.45, 21.06 ± 0.953 and 29.93 ± 0.324 for methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction, L-Ascorbic acid and Rutin respectively. The fractions showed good reducing power with increasing concentration. However, the ethyl acetate fraction showed a good reducing power and better free radical scavenging activity as compared to methanolic extract thus its antioxidant potential is comparable to standards. HPTLC analysis of ethyl acetate fraction confirms the presence of flavonoids which are responsible for the antioxidant activity. This is the first report on antioxidant activity of C. arvensis.
PHYTOSOME: A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR HERBAL MEDICINE
Authors: Jain Nilesh , Gupta Brahma P. , Thakur Navneet , Jain Ruchi , Banweer Jitendra , Jain Deepak Kumar , Jain Surendra
Published: January 2025

The term “phyto” means plant while “some” means cell-like. Phytosomes are little cell like structure. This is advanced forms of herbal formulations which contains the bioactive phytoconsituents of herb extract surrounds and bound by a lipid. Most of the bioactive constituents of phytomedicines are water-soluble compounds like flavonoids, glycosides; terpenoids in which flavonoids are a major class of bioactive compounds possesses broad therapeutic activities. Because of water soluble herbal extract and lipophilic outer layer phytosomes shows better absorption and as a result produce better bioavailability and actions than the conventional herbal extracts containing dosage form. They are produced by a patented process whereby the standardized plant extract or its constituents are bound to phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine, producing a lipid compatible molecular complex. This phyto-phospholipid complex (phytosome) resembles a little cell. Phytosomes exhibit better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile than conventional herbal extracts. Phytosome technology has been effectively used to enhance the bioavailability of many popular herbal extracts including milk thistle, ginkgo biloba, grape seed, green tea, hawthorn, ginseng etc and can be developed for various therapeutic uses or dietary supplements.
SEARCH FOR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE ISATINS: A SHORT REVIEW
Authors: Bhrigu Bhanupriya , Pathak Devender , Siddiqui Nadeem , Alam M Shamsher , Ahsan Waquar
Published: January 2025

Isatin and its analogs are versatile substrates, which can be used for the synthesis of numerous heterocyclic compounds. Isatin and its derivatives are used in organic synthesis and they are used in evaluating new product that possesses different biological activities. In the past few decades, Isatin and its derivatives have received much attention due to their chemotherapeutic values. This review covers updated information on the most active isatin derivatives that have been reported to show considerable pharmacological actions such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. From these results, ideas for future molecular modifications leading to compounds with greater favorable pharmacological properties may be derived.
AMELIORATION STUDIES ON OPTIMIZATION OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION WITH POTASSIUM PER SULPHATE AND SILVER NITRATE COMBINED ACTION WITH AID OF DRUG DELIVERY TO TETRACYCLINE RESISTANT BACTERIA
Authors: Ghosh Dipankar , Pramanik Arindam , Sikdar Narattam , Ghosh Sudip Kumar , Pramanik Panchanan
Published: January 2025

Low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation of depolymerised chitosan for effective drug delivery in drug resistant bacteria. Depolymerisation reaction was performed by potassium persulfate oxidation at an optimized condition in presence of silver nitrate. Optimized condition for depolymerisation was anticipated at 37°C, pH 4, 2 days reaction time and 0.05 M concentration of potassium per sulphate with 1 mM silver nitrate in final reaction mixture. Chemical characteristics of depolymerised chitosan and low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Drug loading efficiency and drug releasing efficiency were also studied. Finally, antimicrobial activity of tetracycline loaded low molecular chitosan nanoparticles was determined in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration and putative mode of action on tetracycline resistant bacteria Escherichia coli XL-1 Blue.
IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF AERIAL PARTS OF AERVA LANATA LINN JUSS
Authors: R. Rajesh , K. Chitra , Paarakh Padmaa M.
Published: January 2025

Methanol and aqueous extracts of Aerva lanata Linn Juss were taken for anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworm Pheritima postuma. Various concentrations of both extracts were tested and results were expressed in terms of time for paralysis and time taken for death of worms. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was used as reference standard and normal saline as a control group. Dose dependent activity was observed in both the extracts and the result shows that the methanol extract possesses more activity than aqueous extract and thus may be useful as an anthelmintic.
IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF CALLUS FROM NODE OF MIMUSOPS ELENGI - AS SUBSTITUTE OF NATURAL BARK
Authors: Gami Bharat , Parabia Minoo , Kothari I. L.
Published: January 2025

In this study, results of in vitro callus development from Mimusops elengi as substitute of bark were formulated. By different auxine/cytokinine ratio from young nodal explant compact, globular and fragile types of callus were developed. Methanolic extract of all types of callus and bark were studied for extractable matter, antibacterial activity, phytochemical profiling, biouautography and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) banding patterns. Results of all calluses were compared with results of natural bark of M. elengi. TLC pattern of three types of callus and bark revealed similar banding pattern, and same bioactivity was also observed in bioautography. Our results indicate that natural bark & in vitro developed callus of M. elengi posses similar chemical profiling and bioactivity regardless the type & colour of callus.
KINETIC SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATION OF TELITHROMYCIN IN BULK AND DRUG FORMULATION
Authors: Abou Attia F. M. , El-Dars F. M. S. E. , El-Ries M. A. , Mohamed O. I. , Mohamed M. S.
Published: January 2025

A kinetic method for the accurate and sensitive determination of telithromycin has been described. The method is based on the oxidation of telithromycin with alkaline KMnO4. At a fixed time of 24 min. the formed magnate ion is spectrophotometrically measured at 610 nm. The concentration of telithromycin is calculated using the calibration equation for the fixed time and initial rate methods. Beer´s law was obeyed from 3.24-12.9µg ml-1 The assays limits of detection were 0.2-0.70µg ml-1 and the R.S.D. (n= 5) was 0.6 %. Recovery was 99.8 and 100.83%. The analytical performance of the, in terms of accuracy and precision, were statistically validated, the results were satisfactory RSD ≤ 2%. The method has been applied successfully to commercial tablet dosage form. Statistical comparison of the result with the reference method showed excellent agreement and proved that no significant difference in the accuracy and precision.
OPTIMIZATION AND VALIDATION OF MODULATED RELEASE FORMULATION OF RANITIDINE HCL BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Sahoo Bijay Kumar , Mishra Amiya Kumar , Pal Tapan Kumar
Published: January 2025

The objective of the present study was, 1) to systematically device a model of factors that would yield an optimized sustained release dosage form of model drug (Ranitidine HCl), 2) to validate the models using R2 values, 3) to optimize the formulation by response surface methodology (RSM). A three - factor, three - level Box-Behnken design was used for the optimization procedure, with the amounts of HPMC K100M (X1), MCC (X2) and Compression Force (X3) as independent variables. Three dependent variables were considered: percentage of drug release at 1 h, 12 h and T50%. The regression equation obtained from experiment i. e Y2 = 92.41 + 3.18X1+ 2.05 X2 + 2.14X3 + 2.41X1X2 + 0.24 X1X3 + 0.11 X2X3 -3.82X12- 2.59X22 -0.46X32 , explained the main and interaction effects of factors that influenced the drug release. Optimization was performed by maximizing the drug release in 12 hrs and placing constraints on Y1, Y2 and Y3. Validation of optimization by carrying out by performing 8 experimental runs showed high degree of prognostic ability of response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimized formulation provided a dissolution pattern similar to the predicted curve, which indicated that the optimal formulation could be obtained using RSM. A simple high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and the dissolution samples were analysed by this procedure.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-ANXIETY ACTIVITY OF ACTAEA SPICATA LINN.
Authors: Madaan Reecha , Sharma Anupam
Published: January 2025

Actaea spicata Linn. (Ranunculaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments such as rheumatism, inflammation, nerve diseases, lumbago, scrofula and chorea. Despite a long tradition of use, no systematic phytochemical and pharmacological work has been carried out on this potential plant. Thus, A. spicata was subjected to preliminary anti-anxiety screening studies, with a view to ascertain the verity of its traditional use as an anxiolytic. In the present investigation, roots of the plant were extracted using solvents in order of increasing polarity viz., petroleum ether (60-80C), chloroform, methanol and distilled water. All the crude extracts were evaluated for anti-anxiety activity in mice using elevated plus maze apparatus. Among all these extracts, only methanol extract exhibited significant anti-anxiety activity at a dose of 100 mg/kg in mice with respect to control as well as standard (diazepam, 2 mg/kg). Phytochemical screening showed presence of alkaloids and polyphenols in methanol extract of A. spicata. Thus, Specific methods were adopted to extract total alkaloidal and polyphenol fractions from the plant material and methanol extract of plant, respectively. Polyphenol fraction exhibited significant anxiolytic activity at the dose of 50 mg/kg, while alkaloidal fraction was found to be devoid of any activity.
OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION CONDITIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSITIVE HPTLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF WEDELOLACTONE IN DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF ECLIPTA ALBA
Authors: Kulkarni Savita , Khatwani Prakashchandra
Published: January 2025

Eclipta alba has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for treatment of various ailments. An attempt has been made to optimize different extraction conditions for Eclipta alba. Further an accurate, precise, reproducible and sensitive accurate, precise and reproducible (HPTLC) method has been developed for the estimation of Wedelolactone in Eclipta alba. An attempt has been made to quantify wedelolactone in various extracts by HPTLC method. Precoated aluminum silica gel F plates were used as stationary phase and toluene: ethyl acetate (9:1) was used as mobile phase. This system was found to give compact spots for wedelolactone (RF value of 0.30 ± 0. 3) with a linearity range of 1 to 80 µg per spot. The proposed method was applied to evaluate efficiency of different methods of extraction i.e. percolation, maceration, hot solvent extraction (Soxhlet apparatus), supercritical fluid extraction, microwave, orbital shaker bath and sonication method for extraction of wedelolactone from Eclipta alba.
OPTIMIZATION AND PRODUCTION OF NEOMYCIN FROM DIFFERENT AGRO INDUSTRIAL WASTES IN SOLID STATE FERMENTATION
Authors: Vastrad BM , Neelagund SE
Published: January 2025

The cost of neomycin production may be significantly decreased by using inexpensive carbon substrates like agricultural residues. However, scarce information can be found in the literature about the utilization of cellulosic and lignocellulosic residues for obtaining neomycin. Usually agricultural residues producing various toxic compounds to the atmosphere; so, as an interesting alternative to the utilization of agricultural wastes (as apple pomace, cotton seed meal, soy bean powder and wheat bran) for simultaneous neomycin production. The highest neomycin production (2765 µg/g substrate) was achieved with apple pomace in solid-state fermentation. The optimization of physical parameters such as inoculum size, substrate particle size, incubation temperature, initial pH, initial moisture level, incubation period and chemical parameters such as additional carbon and nitrogen sources were studied for the production of neomycin in solid-state fermentation using Streptomyces fradiae NCIM 2418. The optimum values of the critical components determined for the maximum neomycin production were inoculum size 2×106 CFU/g initial dry substrate, substrate particle size 1.2 mm, incubation temperature 30oC, initial pH 8, initial moisture level 70%, fructose (1% w/v), (NH4)2HPO4 (1% w/v), L-glutamine (1%w/v) and incubation period day 10. An overall 2.6-fold improvement in neomycin production was achieved due to optimization.
EFFECT OF BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS LEAVES ON SERUM LIPIDS IN ALBINO RATS FED WITH HIGH FAT DIET
Authors: Saikia H. , Lama A.
Published: January 2025

Dyslipidemia is major problem among population those have sedentary life style as well as in diabetics. Bougainvillea spectabilis is most commonly found in India as an ornamental plant and has got anti-diabetic action due to presence of one insulin mimicking agent D-pinitol (3-O-methyl-chiroinositol). The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis (AEBSL) on serum lipid profile in albino rats fed with high fat diet (HFD) and to compare it with a standard hypolipidaemic drug simvastatin. Thirty healthy albino rats of both sexes (100-200 g) were randomized into 5 groups of 6 animals each. The groups were treated as follows: Group A: normal diet (ND); Group B: HFD (vanaspati ghee + coconut oil mixture in ratio of 3:2 at 10 ml/kg/day); Group C: HFD+ AEBSL (100 mg/kg/day); Group D: HFD + AEBSL (200 mg/kg/day); Group E: HFD + simvastatin (1.8 mg/kg/day). Lipid profile was estimated after 8 weeks of treatment. AEBSL showed a significant (p<0.01) reduction in total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and significant (p<0.01) increase in high density lipoproteins (HDL) in hypercholesteromic rats (Group C and Group D). AEBSL 200 mg/kg/day found to be more effective than AEBSL 100 mg/kg/day. There is also significant improvement in atherogenic index (p<0.01) and increases the percentage of protection AEBSL treated animals. Alcoholic extract of leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis leaves have excellent lipid lowering potentiality.
ANTI-DIARRHOEAL POTENTIAL OF ERYTHRINA INDICA LAM-LEAF EXTRACTS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
Authors: Kamalraj. R.
Published: January 2025

Erythrina indica Lam leaf has been used traditionally in ayurveda for the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. However, the claims of ayurveda need to be validated by a suitable experimental model. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Erythrina indica leaf for its anti-diarrhoeal potential against several experimental models of diarrhoea in albino Wistar rats. The anti-diarrhoeal activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Erythrina indica lam leaf at 500 mg/kg dose level was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhoea model in rats. Further, we evaluated the effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts on gastrointestinal tract motility after charcoal meal administration and PGE2 induced intestinal fluid accumulation (Enteropooling) showed significant inhibitor activity. Loperamide was used as positive control. The results point out the possible anti-diarrhoeal effect of the leaf extracts and substantiate the use of this herbal remedy as a non-specific treatment for diarrhoea in folk medicine.
EXTRACTIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GABAPENTIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Patel Brijesh , Patel Japan , Singh Hardeep , Patel Bhagirath
Published: January 2025

Two simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate, precise and economic spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Gabapentin (GBP) in pharmaceutical formulations. During the course of study, it was observed that acidic solution of the drug formed colored ion-association complexes with Bromocresol Green (BCG) (Method I) and Bromothymol Blue (BTB) (Method II) which were soluble in chloroform. This property of the drug was followed for the development of colorimetric methods for analysis of drug. The complex of GBP with BCG and BTB showed λmax at 416 nm and 421 nm, respectively. The linearity range for GBP was 10-120 µg ml-1 and 40-90 µg ml-1 for BCG and BTB, respectively. Recovery studies gave satisfactory results indicating that none of common additives and excipients interfere the assay method. The proposed methods are found to be simple, accurate and reproducible those were successfully applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF BAMBUSA VULGARIS LEAVES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: M. K Senthilkumar , P. Sivakumar , Changanakkattil Faisal , V Rajesh , P. Perumal
Published: January 2025

The leaves of Bambusa vulgaris possesses several bioactivities and is used in traditional medicinal systems. However, its anti-diabetic activity has not been scientifically investigated so far. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of petroleum ether extract of Bambusa vulgaris (family: Poaceae) leaves in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The preliminary phytochemical study showed the presence of phytosterols and tannins. From the toxicity study it was observed that petroleum ether extract of Bambusa vulgaris (PEBV) was nontoxic up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In this study, animals received continuous oral administration of PEBV for a period of 15 days at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight. The control group was administered distilled water for the same duration. The blood glucose level was determined by GOD-POD kit method. The effect of PEBV was compared with oral dose of 0.5mg/kg Glibenclamide. The results showed that the PEBV significantly lowered the fasting blood sugar level of hyperglycemic rats in a dose dependent manner and it was also comparable to that of the standard drug Glibenclamide.
EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTHELMINTHIC ACTIVITY OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS EXTRACT
Authors: Agarwal Swati , Jacob Simi , Chettri Nikkita , Bisoyi Saloni , Tazeen Ayesha , Vedamurthy A. B. , Krishna V. , Hoskeri Joy H.
Published: January 2025

Helminthes infections are chronic illnesses in human beings and in cattle. Pherithema posthuma a helminthes is commonly known as earth-worms. Although the use of alternate drugs has been as a remedial measure against the resistant strains of helminth parasites, and as a means of reducing the cost of controlling helminthic diseases. Catharanthus roseus is a medicinally valuable plant and possess various pharmacological properties. Catharanthus roseus has been traditionally used as an anthelminthic agent. To justify the ethnomedical claims, the anthelminthic property of Catharanthus roseus was evaluated using Pherithema posthuma as an experimental model. Piperazine citrate was used as the standard reference. Among the various concentrations tested, ethanol extract at 200 mg/ml showed efficient paralysis effect (6.67 min) than other treated groups, whereas ethanol extract 250 mg/ml showed significant anthelminthic activity with death time of 46.33 min. Standard drug at 50 mg/ml showed paralysis at 31.33 min and death time was 40.67 min. This investigation revealed that ethanol extract of Catharanthus roseus showed significant anthelminthic activity against Pheretima posthuma. Ethanol extract also proved to be efficient than the standard drug. This investigation supported the ethnomedical claims of Catharanthus roseus as an anthelminthic plant.
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT GRANULATION TECHNIQUES FOR LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE
Authors: Patel Pankaj , Telange Darshan , Sharma Nitesh
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was directed to improve the physical and technical properties of poorly flowing and highly cohesive Lactose monohydrate to solve the most important problem that affects tablet manufacture. To overcome all the problems related to lactose granulation is required. Granulation is one of the most important unit operations in the production of pharmaceutical oral dosage forms. Granulation process will improve flow and compression characteristics, reduce segregation, improve content uniformity, and eliminate excessive amounts of fine particles. The results will be improved yields, reduced tablet defects, increased productivity. Pharmaceutical products are processed all over the world using the direct-compressing, wet-granulation, or dry granulation methods. Which method is chosen depends on the ingredients individual characteristics and ability to properly flow, compresses, eject, and disintegrate. Then the proper granulation process can be applied. The objective of present article was to focus on the best possible granulation technology that gives good results based on evaluation of different granule properties, namely the Carr’s index, Hausner’s index, Angle of repose, were evaluated for granule prepared by different binders and different techniques. Finally, the tabletting process showed low values of ejection forces, good tablet properties (weight uniformity, hardness, friability, and disintegration) indicating good compressibility of the prepared granules using Fluidized Bed Processor (HPMC 2.5% as binder) and Coprocessing of Lactose.
DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF NIFEDIPINE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: Jeyaseelan Christine , Jugade Ravin , Joshi Arun P.
Published: January 2025

A simple and rapid differential pulse polarographic method has been developed for the trace determination of Nifedipine. A well-defined single peak with Ep value of -0.51 V is obtained in 0.1M acetate buffer (pH 5.0). The linearity is valid up to 5×10-5 M (r =0.9995) with minimum detection limit of 3.5×10-8 M. Precision of the method developed is implied from the values of relative mean deviation, standard deviation and coefficient of variation, which are 2.05%, 1.1 and 3.2% respectively. Marketed formulations of Nifedipine have been analyzed by calibration and standard addition methods. Recovery experiments have been found to be quantitative and analysis to determine the mass per tablet is obtained within ± 0.2% of the expected value. The studies have shown that the method is simple, reproducible and accurate and can be used in the analysis of marketed formulations.
USE OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVES IN PATIENTS HAVING ASSOCIATED RENAL PARENCHYMAL DISORDERS: CROSS SECTIONAL PRESCRIPTION PATTERN STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Datta Supratim
Published: January 2025

Hypertension is both a cause and a consequence of renal parenchymal disease. Once detected, formulation of an appropriate therapeutic strategy is imperative to not only control hypertension, but also to retard the progression of the renal pathology. Judicious and optimal use of the available antihypertensive agents is of utmost importance. This study aims at analyzing the influence of current guidelines on prescribing in this particular subset of patients. Case history of patients having hypertension comorbid with renal pathological disorders was noted down from the medical records department. A total of 58 prescriptions thus noted were analysed on the basis of antihypertensive agents that were prescribed. The CCB’s were the group of drugs prescribed the most in renal disease associated hypertension (79%) followed by the diuretics (48%).The ACE‐inhibitors and ARB’s were prescribed in around 34% of the patients. Amlodipine and Frusemide were the most frequently used individual agents.
STANDARDIZATION OF FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE), ITS OLEORESIN AND MARKETED AYURVEDIC DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Pasrija Anubhuti , Singh Rahul , Katiyar Chandra Kant
Published: January 2025

Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, one of the most common use in India kitchen as a spice and as well as in traditional medicine for its estrogenic, lactagouge, diuretic, antioxidant, immune booster and its usefulness in dyspepsia. The use of medicinal plants by the general population is an old and still widespread practice that makes studies of their correct identification are very essential. In the present study the fruit of the plant, raw materials, their oleo resins and marketed formulations was subjected to Standardization parameter viz macro-microscopic, physico-chemical, microbial, heavy metals and Thin Layer Chromatography to fix the quality standards of this drug. Anethole, an active compound of Foeniculum vulgare, was also analyzed in different samples of Foeniculum vulgare. The result shown that physicochemical parameters evaluated are useful in standardization, Heavy metals and microbial load for raw materials, oleoresins and finished formulations are found to be within the limit of WHO guidelines, indicating that they are free from pathogens and they are safe to be used in Indian System of medicine. The data obtained from the study would be useful in the identification of the fruits of Fennel and serve as standards. The above parameters studied, may be used as a tool for the correct identification and standardization of the plant also to test the adulterants if any.
INFLUENCE OF FORMULATION COMPONENTS ON AEROSOLIZATION PROPERTIES OF ISONIAZID LOADED CHITOSAN MICROSPHERES
Authors: Kundawala Aliasgar J. , Patel Vishnu A. , Patel Harsha V. , Choudhary Dhaglaram
Published: January 2025

The objective of the present study was to prepare microspheres with small size and good sphericity by spray drying technology using Isoniazid (INH) as model drug, chitosan as encapsulating polymer; lactose and L Leucine as bulking and dispersing agent respectively. Influence of formulation components on physical properties and aerosol performance were studied. The spray dried powders obtained were characterized for morphological characteristics, compatibility using scanning electron microscopy and Differential Scanning calorimetery respectively. Tapped density; bulk density and aerosol properties like Fine particle fraction, mass median aerodynamic diameter etc were also evaluated. The smooth microspheres with particle size ranging between 4 to 6 µm were obtained. The drug content of chitosan microspheres loaded with Isoniazid were in the range of 88 % to 108 %. The drug release studies showed that more than 90% of drug released from the chitosan microsphere matrix within one hour. The fine particle fraction observed between 55 to 67 % which indicate good lung deposition. Results of Fine particle fraction also revealed addition of L Leucine found to enhance powder dispersibility.