bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities assessment of fabricated selenium nanoparticles using Pelargonium zonale leaf extract
Authors: Fardsadegh Borna , Vaghari Hamideh , Mohammad-Jafari Roya , Najian Yahya , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
Published: September 2018

The present study focuses on the biogenic synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) usingPelargonium zonaleleaf extract under microwave irradiation. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effects of the synthesis parameters, namely amounts of the leaf extract (0.5–2.5 ml) and amounts of the 10 mmsodium selenite solutions (15–65 ml), at constant microwave heating (4 min), on the concentration and particle size of the fabricated Se NPs, optimize the synthesis conditions and verify the generated models and the procedures. The obtained results indicated that Se NPs with preferable attributes of mean particle size (50 nm), zeta potential (−24.6 mV), absorbance [34.6% absorbance units (a.u.)] and broad absorption peak (319 nm) were formed at the optimum synthesis conditions including amounts of 1.48 ml and 15 mlPelargoniumleaf extract and sodium selenite solution, respectively. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized Se NPs againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureusindicated that the created NPs had higher antibacterial activities toward the Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, the synthesized Se NPs indicated higher antifungal activities againstColletotrichum coccodesandPenicillium digitatum.
Momente und ihre Menschen
Authors: Buchholz Michael B.
Published: September 2018

The Boston-Theory about Now-Moments, Moments-of-Meeting and “present moments” up-to-date has not founded this impressive theory in a precise transcript. What are these moments in detail? How to recognize them? There are strong affinities between the microanalytic work of the Boston-Group and social-scientific conversation analysis, but there are deviations, too. In a first part, I will sound out affinities and differences intending to become able to more precisely determine what these moments are and how they can be detected. In a second paper (this volume), I will turn to an interview with a holocaust-survivor with the methodological goal to find more methodological precise determinations of what now-moments are.
Rhythmus, Störung und Reenactment
Authors: Hamburger Andreas
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents “Scenic Narrative Microanalysis” and its potential contribution to research on significant interactive moments. It discusses the method’s roots at the intersection of two paradigm shifts. The first is the interactive turn in psychoanalysis, which itself is situated within the overarching cultural context of a performative turn. Second, as an approach addressing short-term interactions (moments), SNMA points to the temporal turn in sociology, economics and technology, the background for microanalytic infant research approaches that have been influential since the 1970s. Finally, the future prospects of interdisciplinary method triangulation within the research group are discussed.
Erzählmotive im Zeitzeugeninterview
Authors: Dreyer Florian
Published: September 2018

To speak about the horror of the Holocaust is still extremely difficult. An exploration of our data, a video testimony of a female survivor of the Ghetto in Łódź, showed that she employs certain styles of narration (narrative motifs). This paper first examines some of those motifs and suggests that they might function as a means of self-regulation. In our data they either assist in preventing retraumatization or facilitate the re-experiencing of the dreadful past. The features of those motifs are analysed on a semantic, a prosodic and an embodied level through the usage of Conversation Analysis, PRAAT and Multimodal Analysis.
Das Drama der zweiten Geburt
Authors: Brandstetter Gabriele
Published: September 2018

This paper gives a reading and an interpretation of a psychotherapeutic session between a child (5 year old Ina) and her therapist, drawing on the theory of re-enactment and dramaturgy in performance and theatre studies. The main thesis is that in their interaction child and therapist re-enact the trauma of the abandoned baby in a “play within the play”. Thus significant moments of meeting – in crossing the borders between (mimetic) play and reality – reveal how aggressive emotions are re-enacted and dissolve the rhythms and impact of their negative power.
Sich verfehlende Gesten
Authors: Wulf Christoph
Published: September 2018

This article analyzes how aesthetic experience arises. Referring to Pina Bauschs Kontakthof, I examine the following issues: performance and performativity, Kontakthof as play, comic: disappointed expectations, missing gestures, clothes and objects as actants, music and resonance, gender battle still in old age, repetition and ritualization, rhythm, aesthetic experience through mimetic processes.
Das Spiel mit den Erwartungen
Authors: Alder Marie-Luise
Published: September 2018

The interactional quality of Pina Bausch’s staged dance performance challenges the perception and the expectations of social interaction that follow it. Through repetition and combinations of words and movements new expectations and new social roles are created. This shows not only how fragile interaction processes can be disturbed but also how we are prone to make sense out of interactions through observation.
Rhetorical Strategies of Alterity in Arthur Leared’sMorocco and the Moors(1876) and Budgett Meakin’sLife in Morocco(1905)
Authors: Aammari Lahoucine
Published: September 2018

Arthur Leared’sMorocco and the Moors(1876) and Budgett Meakin’sLife in Morocco and Glimpses Beyond(1905) are two less-examined imperial travel texts on precolonial Morocco. These two travelogues are British (Irish and English, respectively) – a fact that casts on them from the beginning the special taste of this genre which is a British specialty par excellence. Coming from the same political and cultural backdrops, Leared and Meakin peregrinated into Morocco in a precolonial time when it was still perceived as the “Lands of the Moors”. These two travellers responded to moments of interactions with the Moors as a culturally, socially and religiously different other. Both these Victorian travellers were aware of the fact of empire as their travelogues function as fodder to energize the discursive grandiloquence of empire. They stress an ethnocentric view in depicting Moroccans and their culture, and they communicate their observations through an interpretative framework, or in Foucauldian terminology, through the “discourses” provided by their culture. This paper undertakes the examination of these two travellers’ perception of otherness; the approach is to question and bring to the fore the rhetorical and discursive strategies as well as modes of representation Leared and Meakin deploy in their encounters with the Moors in Pre-Protectorate Morocco.
Terminology as a Specific Carrier of Information
Authors: Smutný Milan
Published: September 2018

This paper deals with terminology as a characteristic feature of the language used in science and technology. The lexical units in question serve the communication needs and demands of particular discourse communities, i.e., experts in different branches of science and specializations. Terminology precisely describes reality, carries specific information on the phenomena and relationships between them and helps to avoid shifts in meaning during the process of communication. In comparison with other spheres of life where shifts in meaning are common, in science and technology, changes in the information transferred are unacceptable and may lead to serious consequences. This paper focuses on various aspects and approaches to this part of the lexical system. Examples from the English language for Electrical Engineering and Communication Technologies provide an insight into different criteria for classifying units as terms, lexical patterns and semantic relationships between the individual constituents. Other features, qualities and functions of terminology, such as the stabilizing reality, interconnection between explicitness and implicitness or description of progress reflecting a unique attitude to reality are also discussed.
Computerspiele: Religionshermeneutische und didaktische Erschließungen
Authors: Schulz Petra , Sommerfeld Ilonka
Published: September 2018

Der Beitrag stellt vier exemplarische Zugänge zur religionshermeneutischen und didaktischen Erschließung von Computerspielen vor.

Über die Erschließung des Spielgeschehens und dessen Wirkung auf den Spieler werden potentielle Anschlussstellen an spirituelle bzw. religiöse Erfahrungsdimensionen gezeigt. Am Beispiel des Phänomens Glitch wird exemplarisch verdeutlicht, wie der metaphorische Gebrauch eines Elementes der Technik zur vielperspektivischen Erschließung biblischer bzw. religiös bedeutsamer Themen beitragen kann. Eine Variante transmedialen Erzählens wird vorgestellt, die Figuren und Objekte aus Computerspielen in biblische Geschichten bzw. religiöse Kontexte geraten lässt. Zuletzt wird eine Kartierung experimenteller Verknüpfungen zwischen Computerspiel-Welten und biblischen Geschichten sowie religiösen Themen in Gestalt einer Bricolage angeregt.
Online-Kommunikation erforschen. Praktisch-theologische Perspektiven
Authors: Merle Kristin
Published: September 2018

Mit der Etablierung der Online-Kommunikation hat sich für die Praktische Theologie und ihr Interesse an der empirischen Erforschung von Religion und Religiosität ein weites Feld eröffnet. Dieses Feld hält einige Herausforderungen bereit: Es ist äußerst dynamisch, und die Konstitutionsbedingungen des zu untersuchenden ‚Gegenstands‘ wandeln sich stetig. Der vorliegende Beitrag fragt vor diesem Hintergrund nach Bedingungen und Herausforderungen der Erforschung von Online-Kommunikation in praktisch-theologischem Interesse.
Bundeskartellamt und Verbraucherschutz
Authors: Becker Carsten
Published: September 2018

Seit Juni 2017 und damit seit einem guten Jahr bewegt sich das Bundeskartellamt mit seinen neuen Befugnissen auf dem Gebiet des Verbraucherschutzes. Dies ist Anlass für eine erste Bestandsaufnahme, insbesondere dazu, welche Rolle das Amt in diesem von privaten Akteuren und einigen Spezialbehörden geprägten Bereich gefunden hat. Mit einer Erweiterung der Befugnisse um Eingriffsmöglichkeiten, wie sie gegenwärtig diskutiert wird, rückt zudem die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Wettbewerbs- und Verbraucherschutz im Allgemeinen und ihrer Zusammenführung unter dem Dach des Bundeskartellamts im Speziellen in den Fokus.
Die Auswirkungen des SIEC-Tests auf den Anwendungsbereich der Ministererlaubnis
Authors: Thomas Stefan
Published: September 2018

Die Ministererlaubnis beruht zu Recht auf dem Dogma, dass es sich bei ihr nicht um eine Fehlerkorrektur der kartellamtlichen Entscheidung handelt, sondern mit den gesamtwirtschaftlichen Vorteilen bzw. dem überragenden Interesse der Allgemeinheit – zusammenfassend: Gemeinwohlgründen – ein anderer Prüfungsmaßstab gilt als der reine Wettbewerbsschutz. Wettbewerbsschutz und Gemeinwohl sollten rechtlich und institutionell getrennt sein. Darin spiegelt sich das Anliegen wider, gerade durch das Instrument der Ministererlaubnis der Gefahr politischer Einflussnahme auf das BKartA entgegenzuwirken. Für das Gemeinwohl außerhalb des Wettbewerbsschutzes soll der Minister die alleinige politische Verantwortung tragen. Die These des vorliegenden Beitrags lautet, dass die Einführung des SIEC-Tests in § 36 Abs. 1 Satz 1 GWB die Grenze zwischen Wettbewerbsschutz und ökonomischem Gemeinwohl stark aufweicht. Wenn man nämlich davon ausgeht, dass der SIEC-Test einem effects-based approach folgt, der hierbei insbesondere auf die consumer welfare abstellt, decken sich weite Teile der für § 36 Abs. 1 Satz 1 GWB potentiell zu prüfenden Verbrauchernach- und -vorteile (consumer harm und consumer benefit) mit solchen Kriterien, die nach klassischer Lesart dem Gemeinwohlbezug der Ministererlaubnis zugeschrieben wurden. Dies gilt insbesondere mit Blick darauf, dass die neuere Fusionskontrollpraxis der Kommission zeigt, wie weit ein consumer welfare-Maßstab über reine Preiseffekte hinaus in Bereiche vordringen kann, die mit dem Gemeinwohl i. S. v. § 42 GWB assoziiert werden, wie namentlich Innovationsfähigkeit, Produktqualität und Vielfalt etc. Wenn man den SIEC-Test in diese Richtung weiterentwickelt, ist es in vielen Bereichen kaum noch möglich, die Zuständigkeitsbereiche von Amt und Minister konzeptionell klar voneinander zu trennen.
Verschiedene Preise für gleiche Produkte? Personalisierte Preise und Scoring aus ökonomischer Sicht
Authors: Locher Lieselotte
Published: September 2018

Im Zuge der Digitalisierung nimmt die Menge an Informationen, die Anbieter über ihre potentiellen Kunden haben, stetig zu. Dies schafft neue und erweitert bestehende Möglichkeiten, dieses Wissen bei der Produkt- und Preisgestaltung zu nutzen, z. B. durch personalisierte Preise oder durch Scoring.

Personalisierung von Preisen bedeutet, dass Verbraucher unterschiedliche Preise für ein identisches Produkt bezahlen. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Form der Preisdiskriminierung aus der klassischen Industrieökonomik. Bei personalisierten Preisen schätzt ein Anbieter mithilfe der Auswertung umfangreicher Daten die Zahlungsbereitschaft seiner Kunden und fordert von jedem seiner Kunden jeweils einen daran angepassten, individuellen Preis. Voraussetzung für die Personalisierung von Preisen ist angebotsseitige Marktmacht.

Scoring findet Anwendung bei Versicherungstarifen und Kreditverträgen. Beim Scoring ermittelt der Anbieter ebenfalls individuelle Preise, allerdings nicht auf Basis unterschiedlicher Zahlungsbereitschaften, sondern weil Verbraucher unterschiedlich hohe Kosten verursachen, z. B. bei Kfz-Versicherungen durch mehr oder weniger riskantes Fahrverhalten.

Dieser Beitrag stellt die ökonomischen Grundlagen von Preisdiskriminierung und Scoring dar und analysiert, unter welchen Marktbedingungen die beiden Phänomene anzutreffen sind. Er zeigt an ausgewählten Beispielen auf, welche Ausweitungen dieser Praxis durch die Digitalisierung zu erwarten sind.

Schließlich werden Konsequenzen für die kartellrechtliche Beurteilung diskutiert. Inwiefern kann das Vorliegen personalisierter Preise oder von Scoring ein Indiz für Marktmacht sein oder nicht? Wie lassen sich so gebildete Preise im Rahmen der Missbrauchsaufsicht bewerten?
Healthy tourism initiatives at destinations: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Wirawan I Made Ady
Published: September 2018

The terminology of travel medicine has been used interchangeably with travel health or travelersâ€™ health. Understanding the definition is important because sciences and practices related to medicine and health at tourism areas have developed rapidly. This can be applied to identify scopes and appropriate components for each sub discipline.Â  Travel medicine is the first emerging field in this area. It is defined as the branch of medicine that specializes in travel related diseases and conditions, and their management.
Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among males in The Manggis Area, Karangasem, Bali
Authors: Adhi I Gusti Ayu Mirah , Suariyani Ni Luh Putu , Weta I Wayan , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health problem worldwide. Local alcohol consumption is one of Balineseâ€™s traditions considered to be associated with the high incidence of DM. This study aims to determine the pattern of alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 DM in Manggis Subdistrict, Karangasem, Bali.Methods A case control study was conducted in 55 men with type 2 DM as cases and 55 non-diabetic men as controls. Non-diabetic men were defined with fasting glucose level (GDP) <100 mg/dl and without clinical symptoms of DM. Cases were recruited from the patient's register at the public health centre (PHC) in Manggis Sub-District and controls were recruited from similar neighborhood with the cases and matched by age. Data were collected over May-July 2017 by householdsâ€™ interview using structured questionnaires. Multivariate analysis was employed using logistic regression to identify the risk factors of type 2 DM.Results: The characteristics of cases and controls were similar in terms of age, education and physical activity, but there was a significant difference in employment. Multivariate analysis showed that heavy alcohol consumption (AOR=7.84; 95%CI: 1.46-42.28), frequent consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks (AOR=3.45; 95%CI: 1.16-10.22), history of obesity (AOR=8.82; 95% CI: 2.43-32.01), employed (AOR=5.98; 95%CI: 1.89-18.93) and frequent consumption of sweetened beverages (AOR=39,57; 95%CI: 4.00-391,8) were significantly associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. No significant association was found between the duration of alcohol consumption and the incidence of type 2 DM.Conclusions: Alcohol consumption, a history of obesity, consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks, retirement/unemployment and consumption of sweetened beverages are associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. Education regarding those risk factors should be enhanced to reduce the incidence of type 2 DM.
Readiness to change towards accredited public health centres (PHCs) in West Lombok
Authors: Santiana I Made , Nopiyani Ni Made Sri , Duarsa Dyah Pradnyaparamita
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and purpose: The 2016 Report of Performance Accountability of Government Agencies, Ministry of Health of Indonesia showed only a small proportion of public health centres (PHCs) are accredited. In West Lombok District, some PHCs are not accredited. This study aims to examine factors associated with PHCâ€™s staff readiness for accreditation.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was employed involving seven non-accredited PHCs. A total of 165 out of 310 PHCâ€™s staff were recruited using a systematic random sampling. Data was collected from February to March 2017. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, duration of service, content, process, and context changes, individual attributes, and readiness to change. Logistic regression was applied to examine the association between readiness to change with independent variables.Results: As many as 72.1% of respondents are ready to change. From the change efficacy and appropriateness dimensions, as many as 46.1% and 97.0% of respondents are ready to change. Multivariate analysis shows an association between readiness to change with administrative systems (AOR=4.47; 95%CI: 2.05-9.74) and working procedure (AOR=2.95; 95%CI: 1.19-7.30). There is no significant association between readiness to change with technological improvement, promotional strategy, staff engagement, organisational commitment and managerial support from health offices.Conclusions: The readiness to change among PHCâ€™s staff is high. The availability of working procedure and administrative systems improves PHCâ€™s staff readiness for the accreditation. These findings suggest the importance of inclusion of all PHCâ€™s staff during the accreditation processes.
MECHANISMS OF NEPHROSCLEROSIS DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH VESICOURETERAL REFLUX
Authors: Morozova Olga L. , Litvitskiy Peter F. , Morozov Dmitri A. , Maltseva Larisa D.
Published: September 2018

The review discusses the issue of reflux nephropathy for specialists of the system of higher medical education: the article provides the definition, characterizes the epidemiology, risk factors for disease development in children with vesicoureteral reflux, causes and molecular mechanisms of renal fibrosis formation and progression in reflux nephropathy, markers for diagnosing and predicting the disease course.
ACTUAL METHODICAL PROBLEMS OF THE ASSESSMENT OF NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
Authors: Mordovsky Edgar A. , Soloviev Andrey G. , Sannikov Anatoliy L.
Published: September 2018

Alcohol consumption enters the list of risk factors for the global population health. It determines the nature of social relations and achieved level of public welfare. Authors of the article claim that some unsolved methodological problems complicate the process of interdisciplinary research on various negative consequences of alcohol consumption. The absence of generally approved interpretation of the nature of the risk factor («alcohol consumption» by an individual or «alcohol abuse»), negative consequences of alcohol consumption, and logical contradictions in theories describing the mechanism of their interaction can be indicated among these problems. The use of alternative approaches to the quantitative assessment of the scale of the negative consequences of alcohol consumption (even within the same scientific discipline) does not provide opportunities to perform a comparative analysis of research results. Basing on a review of methods and results of series of clinical, epidemiological, social, and economic studies, the authors systematize and explain the methodological problems of assessing the scale of the alcohol consumption negative consequences, formulate the principles of solutions. The review results can be used for methodological rationalization of new mono- and interdisciplinary studies on negative consequences of alcohol consumption, critical analysis of previous study results, and correction of activities implemented within the government policies aimed to reduce the alcohol abuse and alcoholism prevention. The presented academic review can be used in planning the new activities implemented within the government policy on alleviation of alcohol abuse and prevention of alcoholism.
Radiographical Assessment of Fixed Partial Denture Abutment Teeth
Authors: TÜRKER Nurullah , ÖZARSLAN Merve , BÜYÜKKAPLAN Şebnem , ÖZARSLAN Mustafa
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Most of dental patients prefer reconstruction with
fixed partial dentures (FPD) rather than removable ones because of comfort,
psychological and social advantages of FPDs. However, a FPD which does not
implement required standards and rules of FPDs may cause different dental
problems. The aim of the present study was evaluation FPDs in terms of complying
Ante’s law, secondary caries and periapical lesions radiographically.Methods: A total of 380 panoramic radiograph belongs to patients
applied to the clinics of Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry examined in
the present study. Current abutments of FPDs were evaluated in terms of
complies with the Ante’s law, secondary caries and periapical lesions
radiographically. Periapical lesion classification was performed according to periapical
index (PAI). Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS 20.1 and Microsoft Excel
software program.Results: The present study comprised panoramic radiographs
belongs to166 women and 214 men with an age range of 25 to 83 years old (46.0+-
11.1 years for men and 49,4+-11,0 years for women). No relationship was observed between gender and caries formation (p>0,05).
Distribution of periapical lesions was
found 23% class III, 1.8% class IV, 1.3% class V according to PAI. More caries were observed among the
restorations which doesn’t meet the requirements of Ante’s law (p<0,05).

Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, the
rehabilitation of edentulous regions with conventional FPDs may cause different
periapical pathologies and caries. Careful evaluation of abutments regarding to
Ante’s law and periapical status may decrease the complications that could be
observed in long term prognosis of FPDs.
Management of triple negative breast cancer: A prospective national disease registry v1
Authors: Prof. Vichien Srimuninnimit Assoc. , Areewan Somwangprasert Dr. , Damnern Vachirodom Dr. , Mawin Wongsaisuwan Dr. , Piti Pornpraserthsuk Dr. , Youwanush Kongdan Dr. , Teerayuth Namkanisorn Dr. , Arkom Chaiwerawattana Dr. , Rawin Ingsirorat Dr. , Laungyot Thongthieng Dr. , Chanyoot Bandidwattanavong Dr. , Puttisak Puttawibul Dr. , Pongin Sarikapooti Dr. , Chaturong Tantimongkolsuk Dr. , Somchai Amornprapatchai Dr. , Chulaporn Jatuparisuthi Dr.
Published: September 2018

This protocol presents Management of Triple Negative Breast Cancer:A Prospective National Disease Registry.
Extraction and Lowry-Assay for determination of Synechocystis total protein v1
Authors: Wiegard Anika , ST Triesch Sebastian
Published: September 2018

A quick Lowry.Assay for the extraction and determination of total protein from Synechocystis. Photo credit: Miriam Dreesbach, Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, HHU Düsseldorf
Human colon tissue dissociation for immune cells v1
Authors: James Kylie
Published: September 2018

This has beenadapted by Kylie James in Dr Sarah Teichmann’s laboratory. Kylie has used this protocol many times for retrieval of lymphocytes from human colon (mLN, sigmoid, caecum and transverse) for 10X chromium genomics. FACS analysis shows a resultant population of pure lymphocytes with high viability. Stress signatures are evident in the single cell sequencing data.
Schadenfreude is higher in real-life situations compared to hypothetical scenarios v2
Authors: Luz Gonzalez-Gadea Maria
Published: September 2018

Schadenfreude (i.e., the pleasure derived from another’s misfortune) has been widely studied by having participants imagine how they would feel in hypothetical scenarios describing another person’s pain or misfortune. However, research on affective forecasting shows that self-judgments of emotions are inaccurate in hypothetical situations. Here we show a study in which we first presented a hypothetical schadenfreude situation and few months later, due to an exceptional circumstance, the situation turned out to happen in reality. This fortuitous circumstance allowed us to compare people’s imagined emotional reactions with their actual feelings. Results showed that schadenfreude was higher in the real situation than in the hypothetical one. More importantly, participants used different proxies to predict their emotional reaction: while out-group dislike served as a proxy of schadenfreude in both types of scenario, the degree of in-group identification also increased schadenfreude in those who had experienced the real event, arguably a mechanism to promote positive self-evaluation. These results highlight the importance of assessing schadenfreude in the heat of the moment.
The Effectiveness of Using Internet in TEFL Learning
Authors: Khalaf Amel Jassim
Published: September 2018

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of internet in learning English through testing TEFL courses outcomes. The main data was collected by both an interview with the TEFL tutors and a questionnaire with the students taking TEFL courses in Kuwait. The sample of this study included 5 TEFL trainers and 150 students in Kuwait. The questionnaire and interview contained four main sections (advantages of using the internet, disadvantages of using the internet, most effective internet-related tools that are used in TEFL courses and the recommendations that can be followed to enhance the quality of the internet in TEFL courses). The results revealed that using internet has a positive impact on the effectiveness of learning English and TEFL courses, it also showed that the speed, availability, affordability, easiness and other factors are some of the advantages of the internet. However, cheating, lack of communication, technical problems and unreliable information are some of the disadvantages of using the internet. Moreover, this study concluded that YouTube is the most effective internet tool that is used to teach TEFL and EduBuncee is the weakest one. This study recommended improving the role of social media in TEFL courses by creating more interactive methods.
A Study on Attitudinal Meanings of Different Narrative Roles in Emma
Authors: Liu Sihui
Published: September 2018

By adopting the Attitude System within the Appraisal System and the concepts of narrative roles and narrative points of view within narratology as the theoretical framework, the present study aims to analyze the distribution of attitudinal meanings, find out the similarities and differences of attitudinal meanings expressed by different narrative roles from different points of view and discuss how attitudinal meanings contribute to the analysis of the character depiction, plot development, theme presentation and the expression of irony in Emma.
Hemingway’s Reminiscence of Nature: An Eco-critical Study of “Fathers and Sons”
Authors: Wang Yufeng
Published: September 2018

“Fathers and Sons” is the final tale in Ernest Hemingway’s Winner Take Nothing and last published Nick Adams Story. This article employs ecocriticism to explore the ecological consciousness in the short story. It introduces the definition of ecocriticism and briefly describes the natural world in Hemingway’s biography, then focuses on the exploration of Hemingway’s reminiscence of the lost natural beauty in “Fathers and Sons”. The study holds that Hemingway artistically associated Nick Adams’ reminiscence of his beloved father with the loss of ecological beauty in the Michigan State. Through the portrayal of Nick’s memories, Hemingway exposed human being’s ruin of nature and showed his sympathy for the destroyed ecology. The story actually reflects the Hemingway’s yearning towards the lost beauty of nature.
A Symbolic Reading of Wide Sargasso Sea
Authors: Luo Li
Published: September 2018

Wide Sargasso Sea is acclaimed as the masterpiece of the British female writer Jean Rhys. In the novel, Rhys reshapes the mad wife of Rochester, Bertha Mason, who is imprisoned in the attic in Jane Eyre. With her own life experience as a white Creole and her experience living in West Indies as a blueprint, setting the abolition of slavery in West Indies in the nineteenth century as the background of the times, Rhys restores Antoinette a real state of survival under colonialism and patriarchy, with a sense of identity loss and confusion. The use of symbolism is one of the most outstanding styles in description. Owing to the use of symbolism, the historical situation of Jamaica under colonialism and patriarchy has been successfully displayed and the abstract moral themes have been vividly conveyed. This paper seeks to set symbolism as a theoretical basis, classify and analyze the symbols in the novel in accordance with their roles in revealing the themes, illustrating a complete interpretation of the complicated racial conflicts and patriarchy oppression in West Indies.
Determinantes de las muertes por homicidios en colombia en el periodo de 1970-2008
Authors: Goyeneche Fredi Eduardo , Muñoz Guerrero Uriel Alberto
Published: September 2018

Murders are the main cause of deaths in Colombia ranking it in first place as the country with most murders in relationship to the number of inhabitants. This scourge generates a series of social characteristics such as unemployment and population growth; sociopolitical ones such as the presence of illegally armed groups; and economic ones such as the GDP growth; such variables spark this homicidal violence phenomenom. That being so, this document exposes the main causes of homicidal deaths in Colombia (1970-2008), citing as the main goal the establishment and assessment of the most relevant economic, political and social factors that contribute to the permanence and growth of this scourge.
Editorial
Authors: Romero-González Zilath
Published: September 2018

Scientific journals play a fundamental role in the progress of science and the collective construction of knowledge. They are, in fact, the reflection of the intellectual effort of the scientific communities, and a disseminating vehicle of their findings. The journal “Saber, Ciencia y Libertad” focuses its interest on the disclosure of writings on results and progress of researches carried out by groups being endorsed by universities and research centers
Hacia un nuevo modelo de medición que refleje las capacidades investigativas de los colombianos - editorial
Authors: Romero-González Zilath
Published: September 2018

The higher education system in Colombia, one of the main economies in Latin America and the Caribbean, has shown important changes related to the permanent search of quality improvement and the promotion of training of researchers in the last years. The latter has benefited the development of research, turning it into a fundamental activity in the universities.
La informalidad en el centro histórico de la ciudad de barranquilla en el año 2012
Authors: Puello Cabarcas Deiber , Castillo Romerin Jairo , Torrenegra Ayala Héctor , Cienfuegos Molina Rodrigo
Published: September 2018

This article was conducted to identify the conditions and causes of the informal economy in the historic center of Barranquilla city in the year 2012, it started as the execution of a research project: The Informal Economy in the Historic Center of Barranquilla in 2012, we managed to analyze the implications of the business activities performed by the street vendors in this part of the city; and contribute with substantial data for the making of future public policies aiming to better the quality of life of these people and their families.
Enfoque de la investigación
Authors: Romero-González Zilath
Published: September 2018

Methodology (from the Greek mara “beyond”, odos “way”, and logo “study”), it refers to the group of procedures based on logic principles, used to reach a range of goals that rule a scientific research. Method and methodology are two different concepts. Method is the procedure used to reach the goals, in this case, the ones defined in a research project, and the methodology is thestudy of the method, which is directly related to the epistemological posture, which is assumed and guarantees a scientific approach. During the middle of the last century, social research was labeled under a quantitative approach, positivist; in which experimentation, objectivity, validity and reliability prevailed as necessary requirements. Later on, a new approach was assumedtowards qualitative perspectives, making use of flexible designs, but rigorous, which have allowed the evolution of knowledge through this new posture, without ruling out its scientific nuance.
Percepción de las empresas aliadas a la corporación universitaria Rafael Núñez
Authors: Mouthon Ramos Paola , Bernal Payares Omaira , Hernández Rodríguez Sandra
Published: September 2018

The goal of the present article is to analyze the value perceived by the strategic allies of the Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez in front of the results obtained in the development of the agreements in order to create marketing strategies aimed to strengthen existing relations and the creation of future alliances, by observing the perceived value of the entities as far as development of the alliance and the mutual benefits achieved by the word done, as well as with the consequences that the relations with the external sector creates in the corporation in a short, medium and long term goal, which allows the development of a marketing plan for the strengthening of the relations with the external sector.
Editorial
Authors: Romero-González Zilath
Published: September 2018

Contemporary society faces the consequences of social changes experienced in recent decades. Factors such as globalization, development of information technology and communication, climate change, among others, are facts that are defining the occurrence and development of societies; the destruction of ecosystems, the widespread increase in corruption, are presented as common denominator worldwide; therefore change the current development process, under the address of professionals concerned with the conservation of resources, ensuring sustainability must be decisive for humanity.
Pleito pendiente internacional. Una mirada desde el tribunal europeo de derechos humanos
Authors: González Serrano Andrés , Beceiro García Esther
Published: September 2018

This article addresses the conventional admissibility of “No International Pending Lawsuit”. From a basic, descriptive and deductive research we obtain the result of this analysis, which allows us to understand the concept of international pending lawsuit; and the general goal of identifying the lines of argumentation of the European tribunal of human rights and the European commission of human rights when a state proposes the inadmissibility of the lawsuit based on an international pending dispute. As a result a international pending lawsuit takes place when there exists identity between the parties, the complaint and the facts, plus, it is filed before an international court that is public and judicial or quasi-judicial with procedures of a contentious and contradictory nature.
Las fundaciones y su concepción y gestión de la responsabilidad social
Authors: Navas Rios Maria Eugenia , Londoño Aldana Emperatriz
Published: September 2018

This paper is framed within entrepreneurial social responsibility based on the following premise: “The State cannot attend by itself, all the challenges that social development poses, this requires a joint cooperation of the companies and organizations of the social sector”. It can be inferred that social responsibility supposes a new challenge for the companies, which consists on expanding from its responsibility to the construction of a more fair society and sustainable by keeping and improving its own competitiveness. The organizations can exercise as true social agents, through the design and execution of programs of social action, among which we see the creation and the endorsement of foundations that have allowed the companies to get an entrepreneurial philosophy centered on mankind in motion, based on the need to respond to the people’s interests and to keep them in mind in the formulation of the goals and entrepreneurial strategies. According to Grunig (2003) in his model of public relations, we can appreciate how key variables that define a socially responsible company, the bi-management, its relations with the community or the key audiences that allow the dialogue, the consensus, which brings changes in attitude and behavior between the parties. Likewise, through the creation of foundations, which is how the companies achieved the consolidation of the subsidies, formerly disperse and transitory, on a stable destination, permanent and of public utility. Keeping as a premise the aforementioned situation, the work’s goal on first instance is to show how the managers of the foundations in Cartagena whose focus is financing small entrepreneurs understand social responsibility; keeping as a reference the classification proposed by Teixidó and Chavarri (1999) that support the models: Traditional of Social Development; Solidary Strategy; Friedminian Strategy; and the Systemic of Social Development. Secondly, from this vision, which one is the state in mention about social responsibility of the foundation and what strategies compose its implementation? And the third goal is, to conclude the paper, to discover or characterize a typology from the way the foundations are managing the social responsibility.
El modelo de responsabilidad social empresarial como estrategia en el sector inmobiliario en el Ecuador
Authors: Koehn Peter , Fierro Ulloa Isidro
Published: September 2018

The present article is about the impact of the model of Entrepreneurial Social Responsibility (ESR) in the management of the organizations of the Real State and Construction sectors. The paper underlines through the methodology of case analysis, two examples of organizations in Latin America (a Chilean and a Mexican) that have successfully applied the ESR model and compare it to a company in Ecuador in the Real Estate sector that wants to follow this model. The results prove that these companies have had a positive impact on their stakeholders and that the adoption of the ERS model is a fundamental part of their strategy for sustainability on the long run. In this sense, we analyze the context of the country and how Ecuador’s legislation has played an important role on incentivizing the companies to look for business models that are inclusive and responsible with their surrounding
Competitividad de las exportaciones del sector alimentos y bebidas en el Departamento del Atlántico, 2000 - 2014
Authors: León López Guillen , Benavides Gutiérrez Hamadys , Trujillo Manotas José
Published: September 2018

This paper offers a position on the participation and competitiveness in the sector of food and beverages in Atlantico-Colombia. We will analyze the commercial participation and evolution of the sector in general during the period of the years 2000 to 2014. In order to determine the competitiveness of the exportations we will make use of three commerce indicators: Index of Revealed Comparative Advantage, Relative Trade Balance, and Importing Intensity Index. The results of the study reveal a reconfiguration of the sector characterized by a loss of competitiveness since 2008.
Pertinencia de la infraestructura de transporte para la competitividad del sector agrícola de la zodes Montes de María
Authors: Maza Avila Francisco Javier , Agámez Aria Anny Del Mar , Pérez González Maria Del Carmen
Published: September 2018

This article is focused on an analysis of the pertinence of the transportation infrastructure in the Zone ofEconomic and Social Development- ZODES- Montes de María (Bolivar, Colombia) based on its agricultureproductive capacities in front of the national, departmental and municipal development plans, and thevisions of competitiveness in the department of Bolivar and that have an impact on the region. The resultsof the analysis show that the scarcity in the infrastructure of transportation and the impact that this onegenerates in the mobility are reflected on the low production of the economic activities with competitivepotential, and therefore in the integral development of the region as well as that of the department ofBolivar, which hinders – on the short term- the visions of competitiveness that were planned.
Los sistemas de medición del desempeño estratégico frente a la competitividad y sustentabilidad
Authors: Vergara Arrieta José Julio
Published: September 2018

The object of this paper is to analyze Strategic Performance Management Systems (SPMS) against two of the key success factors of contemporary business: Competitiveness and sustainability. The methodology consisted of a review of the literature on this subject within the most world renowned journals, shaping categories of analysis and synthesis related to deductive-inductive processes. There were great theoretical and empirical developments, especially in developed countries. The review concluded that SPMS have become management tools with powerful results if used with efficiently, effectively and economically. Also, its success depends on factors such as design and implementation, participation of partners in the structuring, and efficiency of the information system that they are using.
La auditoría como ejercicio generador de herramientas gerenciales para reducir los riesgos de fraude en los entes e
Authors: Castilla Torres Lewin Bet
Published: September 2018

This text seeks to give readers a broader vision of what is needed to make an audit that generates addedvalue to organizations and that contrasts the results obtained (information) with the current accounting policies, in order to minimize the likelihood of future events that might affect performance and business results. Only if it is understood that the objectives of the traditional audit do not pursue the needs of modern organizations and auditors are not utilizing their findings efficiently, then one will be able to create added-value to the organizations and these could achieve efficiency, effectiveness and transparency in their administrative and accounting processes. The researcher’s experience and the information obtained from the exploration of data bases such as Dialnet, Ebsco, Scopus, supports this point of view.
Internacionalización de la educación superior
Authors: Gamboa Suárez Audin Aloiso
Published: September 2018

Among the factors that have more heavily marked the internationalization of higher education in Colombia are, undoubtedly, the globalization trends in all directions. Globalization, understood as the formation of a world community around the communicative possibilities through new technologies, has not only changed the rules of economy and politics but also how ordinary people live, think and interact. In this context, the university is no longer the cloister where a society’s highest traditions are preserved or scientific school backed knowledge is transmitted, but rather has become a focal point for the problem areas in our times. Its doors are open not only for the world to access the knowledge generated within, but also admit those voices that demand from them a more active role, and more responsibility concerning the future´s major challenges.
Biomedicina, epigenética y nuevas líneas de investigación
Authors: Senior Martínez Jorge Enrique
Published: September 2018

Conrad Waddington fue un embriólogo inglés que en los años cincuenta del siglo pasado propuso el concepto de “epigénesis”, para referirse a la manera en que los genes interaccionan con su ambiente haciendo que su fenotipo se manifieste. A él le intrigaba cómo era posible que a partir de una única célula, el cigoto, se generara un organismo estructurado, compuesto de millones de células diversas con diferentes especializaciones, a pesar de compartir, todas, el mismo genoma. ¿Cuál era la explicación de esa diferenciación celular? (en el animal humano, por ejemplo, son 220 tipos de célula).
Nivel de actividad física en niños de edades de 6 a 12 años en algunos colegios de Barranquilla-Colombia, en el año 2014-2015
Authors: Cervantes De la Torre Karol , Amador Rodero Eulalia , Arrazola David Mónica
Published: September 2018

Promover la actividad física es una estrategia esencial para mantener la salud y prevenir la enfermedad en la población  global. La promoción de los estilos de vida saludable con énfasis en la actividad física en edades tempranas  aprovechando el ámbito escolar favorecerá la adopción de los estilos de vida saludable y garantizará la salud del  adulto futuro. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar el nivel de actividad física en población escolar.  Metodologia: es un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, el instrumento para recolección de la información fuè  el PAQ-C, se le aplicò a una muestra de 247 escolares en edades comprendidas entre 6 y 12 años. Los resultados  indican que la población practica actividad física.
Aislamiento e Identificación de Hongos filamentosos tolerantes a aceites dieléctricos usados y los Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs) de suelos contaminados
Authors: García Cuan Aracely , Medina Buelvas Ana , Lara Cobos Juan Felipe
Published: September 2018

Los PCB´s por sus propiedades físicas y químicas son usados en diferentes sectores industriales; los productos de desechos y almacenamientos inadecuados han contaminado ambientes como suelos y aguas poniendo en peligro la supervivencia en los ecosistemas. Sin embargo, algunos seres vivos son capaces de adaptarse. Los bifenilos policlorados (PCB´s) son compuestos orgánicos de hidrocarburos sintéticos formado por dos anillos de benceno unidos por un enlace de carbono, comprenden una clase de 209 compuestos individuales, isómeros y congéneres. Su objetivo fue el aislamiento e identificación de hongos filamentosos capaces de tolerar y adaptarse para sobrevivir en condiciones adversas en el ecosistema suelo contaminado por el xenobiótico PCB´s, presente en aceites dieléctricos usados (ADU) en un sector industrial de Barranquilla. Los hongos aislados de los géneros Aspergillus sp, Alternaría sp, Phoma sp, Rhizopus sp. sobrevivieron a concentraciones de ADU 20%, y a 200 ppm de PCB´s.