bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method for the Allotment of Maize Contaminated by Toxins
Authors: Levasseur-Garcia Cécile , Kleiber Didier
Published: September 2015

Deoxynivalenol and fumonisins pose a health concern and have economic consequences, so the European regulation CE 1126/2007 dictates the maximal content allowed in cereals. The direct measurement of mycotoxin content using the established method is not only time-consuming and tedious, but also destructive and cannot be used in a silo. Alternative tools such as infrared spectroscopy are therefore being studied. For the present investigation, spectral data collected from maize kernels contaminated naturally by mycotoxins were studied to predict the risk of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins. Discriminant models were used to create and identify batches that satisfy regulations for animal or human consumption.
A home-based comprehensive care model in patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A study pre-protocol
Authors: Young Lufei , Healey Kathleen , Charlton Mary , Schmid Kendra , Zabad Rana , Wester Rebecca
Published: September 2015

Background Disability is prevalent in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), leading to difficulty in care access, significant caregiver burden, immense challenges in self-care and great societal burden.  Without highly coordinated, competent and accessible care, individuals living with progressive MS experience psychological distress, poor quality of life, suffer from life-threatening complications, and have frequent but avoidable healthcare utilizations. Unfortunately, current healthcare delivery models present severe limitations in providing easily accessible, patient-centered, coordinated comprehensive care to those with progressive MS. We propose a home-based comprehensive care model (MAHA) to address the unmet needs, challenges, and avoidable complications in individuals with progressive MS with disabling disease.

Objective The article aims to describe the study design and methods used to implement and evaluate the proposed intervention.  

Method The study will use a randomized controlled design to evaluate the feasibility of providing a 24-month, home-based, patient-centered comprehensive care program to improve quality of life, reduce complications and healthcare utilizations overtime (quarterly) for 24 months. A transdisciplinary team led by a MS-Comprehensivist will carry out this project. Fifty MS patients will be randomly assigned to the intervention and usual care program using block randomization procedures. We hypothesize that patients in the intervention group will have fewer complications, higher quality of life, greater satisfaction with care, and reduced healthcare utilization. The proposed project is also expected to be financially sustainable in fee-for-service models but best suited for and gain financial success in valued-based care systems.  

Discussion This is the first study to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a home-based comprehensive care management program in MS patients living with progressive disability. If successful, it will have far-reaching implications in research, education and practice in terms of providing high quality but affordable care to population living with severe complex, disabling conditions.
Early Adoption of Modern Grocery Retail in an Emerging Market: Evidence from India
Authors: Narayan Vishal , Rao Vithala R. , Sudhir K.
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates early stage “modern” grocery retail adoption in an emerging market using primary household-level panel data on grocery purchases in India’s largest city, Mumbai. Specifically, we seek insight on which socioeconomic class is more likely to adopt, and why. We model adoption as a two-stage process of modern retail choice followed by category expenditures within a shopping trip. We find a nonmonotonic (V-shaped) relationship between socioeconomic class and preferences for modern retail; specifically, modern retail spending and relative preference are greater among the upper and lower middle classes, relative to the middle middle class. Upper middle class preference of modern retail is driven by credit card acceptance, shorter store distance (relative to other segments), and higher vehicle ownership; whereas lower prices and low travel costs drive the preferences of the lower middle class. Modern retail is preferred more for branded and less for perishable categories. Interestingly, the lower middle class share of modern grocery retail’s revenues is largest, and this share is projected to grow as prices fall and store density increases. To address concerns of endogeneity and generalizability, we replicate the key results with a “conjoint” type study with exogenous variation in price and distance in two cities—Mumbai and Bangalore. We discuss implications for targeting and public policy in emerging markets.
Fully Sequential Procedures for Large-Scale Ranking-and-Selection Problems in Parallel Computing Environments
Authors: Luo Jun , Hong L. Jeff , Nelson Barry L. , Wu Yang
Published: September 2015

Fully sequential ranking-and-selection (R&S) procedures to find the best from a finite set of simulated alternatives are often designed to be implemented on a single processor. However, parallel computing environments, such as multi-core personal computers and many-core servers, are becoming ubiquitous and easily accessible for ordinary users. In this paper, we propose two types of fully sequential procedures that can be used in parallel computing environments. We call them vector-filling procedures and asymptotic parallel selection procedures, respectively. Extensive numerical experiments show that the proposed procedures can take advantage of multiple parallel processors and solve large-scale R&S problems.
Adaptive Execution: Exploration and Learning of Price Impact
Authors: Park Beomsoo , Van Roy Benjamin
Published: September 2015

We consider a model in which a trader aims to maximize expected risk-adjusted profit while trading a single security. In our model, each price change is a linear combination of observed factors, impact resulting from the trader’s current and prior activity, and unpredictable random effects. The trader must learn coefficients of a price impact model while trading. We propose a new method for simultaneous execution and learning—the confidence-triggered regularized adaptive certainty equivalent (CTRACE) policy—and establish a poly-logarithmic finite-time expected regret bound. In addition, we demonstrate via Monte Carlo simulation that CTRACE outperforms the certainty equivalent policy and a recently proposed reinforcement learning algorithm that is designed to explore efficiently in linear-quadratic control problems.
Optimal Sparse Designs for Process Flexibility via Probabilistic Expanders
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Jiawei , Zhou Yuan
Published: September 2015

We study the problem of how to design a sparse flexible process structure in a balanced and symmetrical production system to match supply with random demand more effectively. Our goal is to provide a sparsest design to achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality relative to the fully flexible system. In a balanced system with n plants and n products, Chou et al. (2011) proved that there exists a graph expander with O(n/ϵ) arcs to achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality for every demand realization. Wang and Zhang (2015) showed that the simple k-chain design with O(n/ϵ) arcs can achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality in expectation.

In this paper, we introduce a new concept called probabilistic graph expanders. We prove that a probabilistic expander with O(n ln(1/ϵ)) arcs guarantees (1 − ϵ)-optimality with high probability (w.h.p.), which is a stronger notion of optimality as compared to the expected performance. Easy-to-implement randomized and deterministic constructions of probabilistic expanders are provided. We show our bound is best possible in the sense that any structure should need at least Ω(n ln(1/ϵ)) arcs to achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality in expectation (and hence w.h.p.). We also show that in order to achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality in the worst case, any design would need at least Ω(n/ϵ) arcs; and in order to achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality in expectation, k-chain needs at least Ω(n/ϵ) arcs.
Reviews
Authors: Kutesko Elizabeth , F. José Blanco
Published: September 2015

Made in Mexico: The Rebozo in Art , Culture and Fashion, 6 June–31 August 2014

Alta Moda, Dallas Contemporary
¡Surge Peruano, Surge! Towards a cartography of independent fashion design in Peru
Authors: Cuba Lucia
Published: September 2015

This article explores notions of independent fashion design in Peru, addressing two actors within the local fashion design and textile systems that have played an important and relational role in its emergence: independent fashion designers and the Gamarra Commercial Emporium (or Gamarra) in Lima. Notions of independent fashion are explored in terms of their impact in contemporary fashion practices in Peru, aiming to go beyond a singular notion of independent fashion design. I will argue that a cartography of independent fashion design in Peru should account for the multiple voices and trajectories of the actors that shape it, considering independent fashion design as a movement of economic and affective dimensions. The article presents the story of Amapolay: Independent Manufacturers as a case study and one of many paths that shape the emerging fashion systems of independent design in Peru. It highlights the need to produce empirical research on emerging and independent design practices in the region, considering the experience of Peru as one of several national routes of independent design in Latin America that merit further study and theorization.
Of civil and social contracts: Azoulay after Hobbes
Authors: Fardy Jonathan
Published: September 2015

Ariella Azoulay’s concept of ‘the civil contract of photography’ innovatively responds to the long tradition of social contract theory inaugurated by Thomas Hobbes. I argue that a comparative analysis between Hobbes and Azoulay (through a Schmittian lens) exposes both Azoulay’s debt to ‘the monster of Malmesbury’, while simultaneously exposing to view the profound limits this debt imposes on Azoulay’s ethical project to wrest the concept of citizenship free from the ideology of the nation state.
Understanding the changing faculty workforce in higher education: A comparison of non-tenure track and tenure line experiences
Authors: Ott Molly , Cisneros Jesus
Published: September 2015

Non-tenure track faculty are a growing majority in American higher education, but research examining their work lives is limited. Moreover, the theoretical frameworks commonly used by scholars have been critiqued for reliance on ideologically charged assumptions. Using a conceptual model developed from Hackman and Oldham’s (1980) Job Characteristics Model (JCM) and prior research on faculty workplace experiences, this study considers the extent to which full-time non-tenure track and tenure line faculty share a professionalized approach to their jobs, working conditions, and how this is associated with their organizational commitment. Findings demonstrate important consistencies in full-time faculty views of their workplaces and jobs across appointment type. Satisfaction with resources, rewards, autonomy and feedback had a significant positive relationship with odds of organizational commitment for all faculty groups. Overall, the results suggest being removed from the tenure track is not associated with faculty viewing their jobs in a substantially different way than those in tenure line positions, which underscores the importance of conceptualizing full-time faculty work as an integrated whole.
The Dynamics of Incentives, Productivity, and Operational Risk
Authors: Anglin Paul , Gao Yanmin
Published: September 2015

This paper develops a dynamic principal-agent model and applies it to understand changes in labor productivity and operational risk. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of matching the terms of the job contract to the technology. Such issues would be especially important in service industries and in the knowledge-based economy where discretionary effort tends to play a greater role. We show that the production technology needs to be characterized by at least two parameters: one parameter which measures output independent of the worker’s effort and a second parameter which measures the effect of the effort. We solve for the Renegotiation-Proof Nash Equilibrium. We show that there can be a tension between increasing expected productivity and controlling costs per worker. Our analysis also adds to the growing interest in “operational risk”, which is associated with human actions. The closed form solutions provided by our model provide a natural way to consider the impact and possibility of this type of risk. Our analysis demonstrates why the effect of a negative event should be considered relative to a concept of normal which is based on an equilibrium, that uncertainty in the external environment enables (but does not cause) operational risk events and that both the equilibrium and the effects vary with the production technology.
Pre-exposure embrittlement of an Al-Cu-Mg alloy, AA2024-T351
Authors: Holroyd N.J. Henry , Evans J.T. , Scamans Geoffrey M.
Published: September 2015

When Al-Cu-Mg (AA2024-T351) alloy plate is immersed in 0.53 m NaCl solution, intergranular corrosion occurs, which initially takes the form of narrow fissures at the surface. Although growth of these fissures is initially rapid, it soon slows and the penetration depth is limited. However, these intergranular fissures can give rise to intergranular subcritical crack growth and eventual catastrophic fracture if specimens are strained slowly in laboratory air after pre-exposure to the NaCl solution. In our experiments, tensile specimens of the alloy were strained at strain rates in the range 10-7–10-4/s, and the cracking propensity was found to increase with pre-exposure times up to around 300 h. However, cracking was much reduced with longer pre-exposure times and became negligible after 500 h. This rather unexpected result can be explained by the observation that the intergranular corrosion fissure becomes increasingly broad and un-crack-like with extended pre-exposure times, failing to meet the prerequisite initiation conditions required for intergranular stress corrosion cracking. A further unexpected result was that straining specimens in the same 0.53 m NaCl solution after pre-exposure produced no intergranular crack growth. To investigate this further, tensile tests were conducted under electrochemical control, and this showed that the free corrosion potential in the test solution was too low in 0.53 m NaCl to allow cracking to proceed.
Reduction of triangulated categories and maximal modification algebras
for cAn
singularities
Authors: Iyama Osamu , Wemyss Michael
Published: September 2015

In this paper we define and study triangulated categories in which the Hom-spaces have Krull dimension at most one over some base ring (hence they have a natural 2-step filtration), and each factor of the filtration satisfies some Calabi–Yau type property.
If

𝒞

\mathcal{C}

is such a category, we say that

𝒞

\mathcal{C}

is Calabi–Yau with

dim
⁡
𝒞

≤
1

\dim\mathcal{C}\leq 1

. We extend the notion of Calabi–Yau reduction to this setting, and prove general results which are an analogue of known results in cluster theory.
Such categories appear naturally in the setting of Gorenstein singularities in dimension three as the stable categories

CM
¯

R

\mathop{\underline{\textup{CM}}}R

of Cohen–Macaulay modules. We explain the connection between Calabi–Yau reduction of

CM
¯

R

\mathop{\underline{\textup{CM}}}R

and both partial crepant resolutions and

ℚ

\mathbb{Q}

-factorial terminalizations of

Spec
⁡
R

\operatorname{Spec}R

, and we show under quite general assumptions that Calabi–Yau reductions exist.
In the remainder of the paper we focus on complete local

c
⁢

A
n

cA_{n}

singularities R. By using a purely algebraic argument based on Calabi–Yau reduction of

CM
¯

R

\mathop{\underline{\textup{CM}}}R

, we give a complete classification of maximal modifying modules in terms of the symmetric group, generalizing and strengthening results in
[I. Burban, O. Iyama, B. Keller and I. Reiten,
Cluster tilting for one-dimensional hypersurface singularities,
Adv. Math. 217 2008, 6, 2443–2484],
[H. Dao and C. Huneke,
Vanishing of Ext, cluster tilting and finite global dimension of endomorphism rings,
Amer. J. Math. 135 2013, 2, 561–578],
where we do not need any restriction on the ground field. We also describe the mutation of modifying modules at an arbitrary (not necessarily indecomposable) direct summand. As a corollary when

k
=
ℂ

k=\mathbb{C}

we obtain many autoequivalences of the derived category
of the

ℚ

\mathbb{Q}

-factorial terminalizations of

Spec
⁡
R

\operatorname{Spec}R

.
Leadership and mentorship: service leaders as mentors of the followers
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Lin Li
Published: September 2015

According to the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management, an effective service leader serves as a mentor for his/her followers. Aside from promoting their followers’ professional and personal growth, mentoring also contributes to the development of the service leaders themselves. In this paper, a lecture addressing the concept and functions of mentoring is outlined, along with its relationship with service leadership. The professional and psychosocial functions of mentoring to service leaders and followers and various ways to promote mentoring in service leadership are highlighted. Students are also encouraged to reflect on the potential harmful effects of mentoring on the leader-follower relationship.
The role of steroid hormones in breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Simões Bruno M , Alferez Denis G , Howell Sacha J , Clarke Robert B
Published: September 2015

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are potent tumor-initiating cells in breast cancer, the most common cancer among women. BCSCs have been suggested to play a key role in tumor initiation which can lead to disease progression and formation of metastases. Moreover, BCSCs are thought to be the unit of selection for therapy-resistant clones since they survive conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, irradiation, and hormonal therapy. The importance of the role of hormones for both normal mammary gland and breast cancer development is well established, but it was not until recently that the effects of hormones on BCSCs have been investigated. This review will discuss recent studies highlighting how ovarian steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone, as well as therapies against them, can regulate BCSC activity.
Effects of thermal processing combined with sucrose on the vitamin C content, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and sensory characteristics of arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) purée during frozen storage
Authors: Narváez-Cuenca Carlos Eduardo , Silva-Bustos Kelly Johanna , Restrepo-Sánchez Luz Patricia
Published: September 2015

The effects of a 80°C, 1 minute thermal treatment (H treatment) and of the same treatment combined with sucrose (SH treatment) on the chemical and sensory qualities of arazá purée were evaluated during 4 months of storage at -20°C. For the control, an untreated sample (C) was included. The chemical qualities evaluated were vitamin C content, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AoA), which were measured with the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while a trained panel was used for the sensory quality evaluation. After 4 months of frozen storage, SH was more effective than H at controlling the loss of chemical quality. SH provided a similar FRAP-AoA (89%) and vitamin C content (87%), as well as a higher TPC (145%), ABTS-AoA (272%), and DPPH-AoA (115%), when compared to C before frozen storage. The total sensory qualities in both the SH purée (15±1) and the H purée (16±1) after 4 months at -20°C were comparable to those of the C purée before the frozen storage (18±2). Therefore, using sucrose combined with a thermal treatment and subsequent frozen storage preserves the chemical and sensory qualities of arazá purée.
{RETRACTED] Growth of three color hybrids of sweet paprika under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Peña B. Fernando , Zenner de Polanía Ingeborg
Published: September 2015

[Retracted] The color varieties of sweet paprika are conquering the Colombian vegetables markets, not only because of their fancy colors, but also because they are one of the best sources of ascorbic acid and carotenoids as well as phenolic compounds, important in the human diet. Therefore, basic studies related to the growth and development of the available imported varieties under greenhouse conditions on the Bogota Plateau are required.In a completely randomized block design with five replicates, biometric parameters of the hybrids Plinio, Menta RZ and Orangery were evaluated, showing that the latter one was statistically different for leaf area, leaf area index and number of leaves during the 20 study weeks, while the dry matter in the leaves, stems and roots showed no differences between the varieties. Although, 'Orangery' exhibited the highest percent of final allocation of accumulated dry matter in the fruits, being, in general, the most promising hybrid for cultivation under the research conditions.
Reuse of degraded Pleurotus ostreatus substrate through supplementation with wheat bran and Calprozime® quantitative parameters
Authors: Picornell Mª Raquel , Pardo Arturo , De Juan-Valero† José Arturo
Published: September 2015

In this study, the agronomic viability of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) P. Kumm. was studied by reusing spent substrates that were previously used for crops of this mushroom. After the physical and chemical characterization of the substrates, we evaluated the quantitative production parameters for one growing season. The experiment used wheat straw (WS) and spent Pleurotus substrate (SPS) as a base material to generate prepared substrates that could be reutilized for mushroom production. These base substrates were supplemented with wheat bran (WB) (two doses, 300 and 600 g/6 kg) and the commercial supplement Calprozime® (120 g/6 kg). We obtained a biological efficiency (BE) between 50 and 63%, a high quantity of mushrooms (between 26 and 39 mushrooms/bag) and an excellent unit weight of the fruiting bodies (between 24.34 and 39.54 g) with the substrates supplemented with a 120 g/6 kg dose of Calprozime®.
Evaluation of agrochemicals and bioinputs for sustainable bean management on the Caribbean coast of Colombia
Authors: Melo R. Aslenis , Ariza Pedro , Lissbrant Sofía , Tofiño Adriana
Published: September 2015

The sustainable expansion of bean cultivations requires technologies that do not limit their phyto-recovering properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to propose agronomic management of conservation for bean cultivation considering the microbiological characteristics of two mega-environments of the Colombian Caribbean coast and the compatibility between agrochemicals and bioinputs. The methodology included rhizospheric microbe population counts, identification of phytopathogenic fungi in plant tissues and soils, compatibility studies of pesticides with biocontrollers, and determination of residual contents of pesticides in bean seeds. The microbial populations corresponded to those previously registered for the lower tropics, but with quantitative differences in the genera. Phytophthora, Colletotrichum and Fusarium were registered in the humid Caribbean, while Colletotrichum and Curvularia affected crops in the dry Caribbean. The Beauveria bioinput was not compatible with the evaluated agrochemicals, while Trichoderma was compatible with chlorpyrifos, thiabendazole and oxycarboxin. Metarhizium was compatible with glyphosate and oxycarboxin at 10% of the recommended dose. Lindane residues were found in the beans harvested at three of the studied locations. The combined use of agrochemicals and bioinputs on bean crops is feasible as long as the time of application of the latter is made according to the half-life of the chemical and the organic matter content of the soil is increased.
Fatty acid content of avocados (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) in relation to orchard altitude and fruit maturity stage
Authors: Carvalho Catarina Pedro , Bernal E. Jorge , Velásquez María Alejandra , Cartagena V. José Régulo
Published: September 2015

The objective of this research was to study the relationship between the fatty acid content and the altitude of orchards and fruit maturity stage of avocados (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) at different locations in the department of Antioquia (Colombia). Orchards between 1,340 and 2,420 m a.s.l. were selected and the fatty acid profile and content of the fruits were analyzed. Oleic acid showed the highest percentage for all of the locations and its percentage decreased drastically at lower altitudes, meanwhile the percentage of palmitoleic and linoleic acids increased in these orchards. The oleic/palmitoleic, linoleic/palmitoleic, and oleic/linoleic indexes increased significantly at higher altitudes. Palmitoleic acid increased significantly with the maturity stage (dry matter content) of the avocados for all of the locations. Some fatty acids showed a high linear correlation with the fruit maturity stage, varying the type of acid or index with altitude. The fatty acid content is a variable to consider in future studies for a protected designation of origin (PDO), due to the close relationship observed with the geographical growing area and its importance to human health. More assessments must be taken over the course of years and harvests with more contrasting environments in order to obtain more robust information and feed the model.
Organic purchasing factors and consumer classification through their preferences in the metropolitan area of Lima, Peru
Authors: Higuchi Angie , Avadi Angel
Published: September 2015

The analysis of organic-product consumer behavior deals primarily with preferences. There is a need to better understand the predictors that determine consumer choices when purchasing organic products. Metropolitan Lima was chosen as the study location. The structured questionnaire involved interviews with 547 organic consumers of the metropolitan area of Lima, Peru. A principal component analysis and a cluster analysis were used to assess the underlying opinions of consumers of organic products. The results revealed that decisions to purchase organic products in the future were mainly influenced by factors such as health and quality perceptions. Moreover, profiling the clusters as naturalites, drifters (mid-level) and LOHAS (core level) confirmed the results. The link between health and environment, among other benefits, should be strengthened through communication strategies to increase interest from consumers.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava stalks pretreated with the alkaline method
Authors: Castaño P. Hader , Reales A. Juan G. , Zapata M. José
Published: September 2015

This study was developed with the aim of evaluating the pH, enzymatic complex load and temperature effects on the saccharification of pretreated cassava stalks (CS) using the response surface methodology (RSM). The factor levels evaluated were temperature 35-40°C, pH 4.0-5.0 and dose of enzymatic complex Accellerase 1500™ 2.9 - 14.5 FPU/g of substrate. The reducing sugar (RS) response was used. The pH was controlled through the use of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions and the system was shaken orbitally at 120 rpm with a solids loading of 10% w/v. The fitted model showed that the optimal operating conditions were: pH 4.0, 38°C and enzyme dose of 14.5 FPU/g substrate, reaching a sugar concentration of 18.4 g L-1.
Strawberry yields with high-tunnel and open-field cultivations and the relationship with vegetative and reproductive plant characteristics
Authors: Grijalba Carlos Mario , Pérez-Trujillo María Mercedes , Ruiz Diana , Ferrucho Ana María
Published: September 2015

In Colombia, high-tunnel systems may be a viable alternative for increasing the yields of strawberry crops due to their ability to prevent fruit losses and plant damage caused during periods of high precipitation. This study aimed to compare the yield and its relationship with vegetative and reproductive components of Albion and Monterey strawberry cultivars, established in open-field and high-tunnel systems in Cajica (Colombia), at 2,562 m a.s.l. and 4°56'N, 74°00'W. A combined analysis of the environments was carried out. A random complete block design was used in each environment with six replications for each cultivar. This study evaluated the relationship between the leaf area, the number of crowns, the number of leaflets, the number of flowers, the number of inflorescences, the number of flowers per inflorescence, the number of fruits, the incidence of foliar damage, the yield per plant and the fruit size. There were positive correlations between the vegetative variables and the reproductive variables, which explained why 'Monterey', a cultivar with more vigor, presented a higher yield that 'Albion'. The growth conditions in the high-tunnel system promoted rapid vegetative growth in the 'Monterey' plants, with an increase in yield and a decrease in losses. The 'Albion' cultivar plants in the high-tunnel system presented a decrease in fruit losses; however, these plants did not present differences in the yield, as compared to the plants established in the open-filed system. Despite the benefits of a decrease in fruit losses due to rot seen in the high-tunnel system, this system had an increase in powdery mildew and calcium deficiency.
SATISFACCIÓN RESIDENCIAL: UN CONCEPTO DE CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA CIUDAD DE MONTREAL
Authors: Tello Campos Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2015

El abandono de los sectores centrales y la incontrolable expansión de los periféricos en
la ciudad de Montreal, es un fenómeno urbano de los siglos xx y xxi que atenta contra la
satisfacción residencial y la calidad de vida local. Esta investigación realiza una encuesta
en el sector central de la ciudad para evaluar ese problema en términos de la satisfacción e
importancia residencial como índices subjetivo y objetivo de la calidad de vida (cvd) desde
la perspectiva de un análisis de correlación lineal (spss).
Medical Device Safety and Surgical Dissemination of Unrecognized Uterine Malignancy: Morcellation in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery
Authors: Hall Tracilyn , Lee Susanna I. , Boruta David M. , Goodman Annekathryn
Published: September 2015

There is a risk of dissemination of uterine malignancies during minimally invasive hysterectomies when morcellation is used. Although the technique of uterine power morcellation allows timely removal of large benign tumors through small laparoscopic incisions, there are concerns about iatrogenic spread of cancers and reduced survival for women with preoperatively unrecognized malignancies. This review examines the literature on intraperitoneal spread and implantation of mechanically disrupted malignant tissue, discusses the current diagnostic tools for preoperative assessment of uterine tumors, and summarizes the current recommendations of the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. Recommendations include informed consent of the risk of disseminating an otherwise contained malignancy, appropriate preoperative evaluation for malignancy, and development of alternatives to intracorporeal morcellation.

Implications for Practice:

Preoperative assessment of uterine masses or abnormal uterine bleeding must include understanding of the limitations of an endometrial biopsy and imaging studies to evaluate the possibility of a uterine malignancy. Minimally invasive surgery using morcellation of benign uterine growths is well established and safe; however, alternative surgical techniques to morcellation must be considered when the malignant potential of a uterine mass is uncertain. Morcellation carries the risk of widespread peritoneal seeding of an unrecognized uterine malignancy. Gynecologic surgeons must weigh the unlikely occurrence of disseminating an undiagnosed uterine sarcoma with the much more common surgical risks of abdominal surgery.
Clinicopathologic Features Associated With Human Papillomavirus/p16 in Patients With Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal
Authors: Morris Van K. , Rashid Asif , Rodriguez-Bigas Miguel , Das Prajnan , Chang George , Ohinata Aki , Rogers Jane , Crane Christopher , Wolff Robert A. , Eng Cathy
Published: September 2015

Background.

The incidence of anal carcinoma in the U.S. continues to increase steadily, and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is an established risk factor for the development of anal carcinoma. However, the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal according to HPV status have not yet been defined.

Materials and Methods.

The records of patients treated for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal at the MD Anderson Cancer Center from June 2005 to August 2013 were reviewed. The patients were tested for the presence of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization and/or the p16 oncoprotein by immunohistochemistry. Associations between the presence of HPV and clinicopathologic attributes were measured.

Results.

Of the 72 patients reviewed, 68 tumors (94%) had detectable HPV. Patients with HPV-negative tumors were more likely to be of nonwhite ethnicity (odds ratio, 8.7) and have a strong (>30 pack-year) tobacco history (odds ratio, 8.7). A trend toward improved survival from the time of diagnosis of metastatic disease was noted among patients with HPV-positive tumors.

Conclusion.

Most patients with metastatic anal cancer had detectable HPV, with differences in tobacco history and ethnicity detected according to HPV status. The high frequency of HPV positivity for patients with metastatic anal cancer has important implications for novel immunotherapy treatment approaches, including ongoing clinical trials with immune checkpoint blockade agents using antibodies targeting the programmed death-1 receptor.

Implications for Practice:

Previous studies investigating the clinical features of patients with anal cancer focused on those with early-stage disease. The present study characterizes, for the first time, clinical and pathological features according to human papillomavirus (HPV) status for patients with metastatic anal cancer. A high frequency of HPV-positive tumors and correlations between HPV status and both ethnicity and tobacco history was found. No standard-of-care therapy is available for patients with metastatic anal cancer, and most receive cytotoxic chemotherapy. The high prevalence of HPV in the current population generates optimism for ongoing clinical trials investigating the role of immune checkpoint blockade agents as a novel treatment approach for this disease.
Risk Taking and Low Longer-term Interest Rates: Evidence from the U.S. Syndicated Loan Market
Authors: Stebunovs Viktors , Lee Seung Jung , Aramonte Sirio
Published: September 2015

We use supervisory data to investigate risk taking in the U.S. syndicated loan market at a time when longer-term interest rates are exceptionally low, and we study the ex-ante credit risk of loans acquired by different types of lenders, including banks and shadow banks. We find that insurance companies, pension funds, and, in particular, structured-finance vehicles take higher credit risk when investors expect interest rates to remain low. Banks originate riskier loans that they tend to divest shortly after origination, thus appearing to accommodate other lenders' investment choices. These results are consistent with a \search for yield" by certain types of shadow banks and, to the extent that Federal Reserve policies affected longer-term rates, the results are also consistent with the presence of a risk-taking channel of monetary policy. Finally, we find that longer-term interest rates have only a modest effect on loan spreads.
How House Price Dynamics and Credit Constraints affect the Equity Extraction of Senior Homeowners
Authors: Moulton Stephanie , Dodini Samuel , Haurin Donald R. , Schmeiser Maximilian D.
Published: September 2015

Households can borrow against equity through different channels, including home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), second liens, cash-out refinancing, and—for senior homeowners—reverse mortgages. We use data from the New York Federal Reserve/Equifax Consumer Credit Panel, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and other sources to jointly estimate the decision to extract equity through these different channels. Specifically, we identify the influence of credit constraints, house price dynamics, and their interactions on the proportion of seniors in a ZIP code extracting through a given channel each year from 2004 to 2012: the boom and bust period in the U.S. housing market. Prior research finds credit constrained households were more responsive to house price gains than nonconstrained households. Our results suggest that this response varies depending on the borrowing channel. As house prices increased, cash-out refinancing increased in credit-constrained areas, but HELOCs increased in less-credit-constrained areas. Further, when house prices fell, reverse mortgage originations increased—particularly in credit-constrained areas. We also observe differential responses to credit constraints and house price changes in minority versus non-minority neighborhoods.
End of the Line: Behavior of HELOC Borrowers Facing Payment Changes
Authors: Johnson Kathleen W. , Sarama Robert F.
Published: September 2015

An important question in the household finance literature is whether a change in required debt payments affects borrower behavior. One challenge in this literature has been identifying whether higher default rates observed after an increase in debt payments stem from the inability of borrowers to pay the higher amount, or the attrition of better borrowers in advance of the payment change. A related question is whether the higher default rate is a result of specific features of the debt product, or the type of borrower who chooses the product. We address both of these questions as they relate to a scheduled increase in payments on home equity lines of credit (HELOCs). Many existing HELOCs are structured such that when they reach the end of the draw period, they convert from open-ended, non-amortizing lines of credit to closed-end, amortizing loans. We compare the performance of HELOCs reaching end of draw with those not reaching end of draw and find that HELOCs that reach end of draw have a significantly higher cumulative default rate in the following months. We also show that, at end of draw, borrowers who have a HELOC with a balloon feature are more likely to have lower credit scores and higher LTVs than borrowers who have HELOCs with longer amortization periods. However, even controlling for borrower and loan characteristics, HELOCs with a balloon payment are more likely to default. This result provides evidence that HELOC defaults can be influenced both by the features of the product and the characteristics of borrowers who choose those features.
Untangling Plyler's Legacy: Undocumented Students, Schools, and Citizenship
Authors: Gonzales Roberto G. , Heredia Luisa L. , Negrón-Gonzales Genevieve
Published: September 2015

In this article, Roberto G. Gonzales, Luisa L. Heredia, and Genevieve Negrón-Gonzales present a nuanced assessment of how undocumented immigrant students in the United States experience the public educational system. Though the landmark 1982 Supreme Court ruling Plyler v. Doe has resulted in hundreds of thousands of undocumented children being educated in US K–12 schools, much of Plyler's promise still eludes them. Drawing data from multiple studies conducted with undocumented youth in California, the authors argue that schools perform three critical social functions—as integrators, as constructors of citizenship, and as facilitators of public and community engagement—that shape the educational experiences and political and civic participation of undocumented immigrant youth. They suggest that while schools hold the potential to engender a sense of belonging and membership for undocumented immigrant students, they often fall short of this promise. The authors argue that constrained resources in school districts that serve large concentrations of students of color, school structures that sort and deprioritize students in lower academic tracks, and modes of civic education that do not allow undocumented students to participate equally in society or view themselves as equal members of the citizenry limit the potential for schools to create positive educational and civic experiences for undocumented youth. In addition to inequalities in the educational system, undocumented students' immigration status constrains their interaction in each school function, limiting the realization of Plyler's promise.
“Diles la verdad”: Deportation Policies, Politicized Funds of Knowledge, and Schooling in Middle Childhood
Authors: Gallo Sarah , Link Holly
Published: September 2015

In this article, Sarah Gallo and Holly Link draw on a five-year ethnographic study of Latina/o immigrant children and their elementary schooling to examine the complexities of how children, teachers, and families in a Pennsylvania town navigate learning within a context of unprecedented deportations. Gallo and Link focus on the experiences and perspectives of one student, his teachers, and his parents to explore how his father's detainment and potential deportation affected his life and learning across educational contexts such as home, school, and alternative educational spaces. In attending to the ways that this student effectively developed and deployed his knowledge of immigration outside of his classroom spaces, the authors explore the possibilities and tensions of creating safe spaces for students to draw on immigration experiences for learning in school. Rather than maintaining silence around issues of difference like immigration, they call for educational practices and policies that will better prepare educators to recognize and respond to students' politicized funds of knowledge, the experiences, knowledges, and skills young people deploy and develop across learning contexts that are often not incorporated into classroom settings.
Los negros no son buenos para las matemáticas: ideologías raciales y prácticas de enseñanza de las matemáticas en Colombia
Authors: Valoyes Chávez Luz Edith
Published: September 2015

The study focuses on the forms wherein student racial identities nurture and shape teacher expectations and influence the teaching practices of algebra. Using a comparative method and an interpretative approach, racial ideologies and teaching practices of three different mathematics teachers in three different social, cultural and racial contexts in Cali, Colombia were studied. The findings highlight the prevalence of cultural and class deficit views about black students that position them as incapable of learning mathematics. These racial ideologies translate into poor teaching practices and interactions that could explain their low mathematics performance. Implications for research and teacher education are suggested.and forces them to stake resources to distinguish or being consistent the private and the public.
¿Y el Derecho a la Ciudad? Aproximaciones sobre el racismo, la dominación patriarcal y estrategias feministas de resistencia en Cali, Colombia
Authors: Moreno Hurtado Vicenta , Mornan Debaye
Published: September 2015

This article seeks to give visibility to some spatial strategies of resistance developed by black women in the predominantly black district of Aguablanca District (DA), in eastern Cali, Colombia, against the systematic violence they are daily subjected to. We contextualize their practices within the systematic violence of displacement, paramilitaries terror and spatial segregation in the city. It also seeks to discuss how black women resist stigma, political marginalization and death in a city divided along racial and gender lines. The questions that guide this article are: What is the role of racism and patriarchal domination in the production of "geographies of violence" in Cali? What are the strategies of resistance developed by black women in these topographies of violence? Ultimately, the article seeks to fulfill a gap in academic discourses that silence on black women’s social suffering and that regard them as disorganized, a-political and passive victims.
Specific Characteristics of Word-formation in Canadianisms as a Result of Language Interference (on the Materials of Dictionaries)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Khmyrova M. A.
Published: September 2015

The article studies linguistic factors facilitating the formation of canadianisms; the latter emerge due to the bilingualism on the territory of Canada, and they are the result of the language interference. The paper presents the definition of the term «canadianism» and analyses the peculiarities of universal word-formation processes involved in creating these specific lexical units.
Allusive Background of the Text Paradigms of Meaning in the Novel «Budda’s Return» by G. I. Gazdanov
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Teacher Training University, Kukhtenkova A. A.
Published: September 2015

The article describes textual functions of the key allusions to the Buddist philosophy on the example of the novel «Budda’s Return» by G. I. Gazdanov. These allusions are enhanced by foregrounding interword textual paradigms of meaning (like synonyms, antonyms, species and genus combinations, periphrases, associative and thematic convergence).
Semantic Field «Food» as a Means of Russian Idiom Formation
Authors:   Saratov State University, Ilyasov V. S.
Published: September 2015

The article analyzes Russian idioms comprising the members of the semantic field «Food». The frequency of occurrence of different field members is identified as a source of idiom formation. The role of these idioms in representing the Russian linguistic picture of the world is determined.
The Idiom as a Way of Representing the Linguistic Picture of the World (on the Material of the Arab Phraseological Units with the Component «Hat»)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Najim K. Ch.
Published: September 2015

The article analyzes Arabic idioms with the nominations of headwear. The structure and semantics of the members of this group are identified. The role of these idioms in representing the linguistic picture of the world of Arab ethnicity is determined.
Nominations of Animals Characterized by Childishness, Immaturity, in the Don Cossack Dialects
Authors:   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University, Kudryashova R. I. , Brysina E. V. ,   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University
Published: September 2015

The article considers nominations of cubs of wild and domesticated animals and birds in Don Cossack dialects, generating word-stems and the peculiarities of such nominations’ word-formation are determined.
Childhood in the «Memoires» by Mlle De Montpensier
Authors:   Saratov State University, Pavlova S. Yu.
Published: September 2015

The article considers Mlle de Montpensier’s approach to depicting childhood on the materials of her «Memoires». The viewpoint of the memoire writer is analyzed as compared to the image of the protagonist; the significance of the ‘childhood’ piece in the context of the whole book is determined.
The Work of J.-B. Almeida Garrett: the Portuguese Nation’s Self-identification Crisis and an Attempt to Overcome It
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kokonova V. B.
Published: September 2015

The present article analyzes J.-B. Almeida Garrett’s work as an attempt to create a Portuguese national myth. The author points out that the writer, criticizing the present he lives in, tries to revive the past by the means of the country’s history and national folklore where he finds irreproachable examples to be followed.