bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and attitude of general population towards climate change and its impact on health in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Hussein Sarah M. , Ibrahim Bassma A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Recently, climate change (CC) has garnered significant global attention. It has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental issues, resulting in a multitude of adverse impacts on human well-being and health. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of the general population in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, about CC and its impact on health, identify factors affecting the general population’s knowledge about CC, and highlight methods to solve this problem.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out on the general population in Ismailia governorate, Egypt. A snowball sample of participants (n = 150) was enrolled in the study by distributing an online Google form containing a structured self-administered questionnaire.

Results

The participants had an average knowledge score of 27.42 ± 14.42, with 60% considered knowledgeable. About 54% knew the main cause of CC. Around 75% were aware of the environmental impacts of CC, and 69.3% knew about the effects on human health. Based on the questionnaire’s results, 76.7% of respondents believed that increasing afforestation helps in the mitigation of CC and 77.3% believed that governments bear the responsibility for CC. Approximately 85% regarded increasing green spaces as an effective method to reduce CC on the country level. On an individual level, usage of energy-saving products was the most-favored option chosen by participants to help in reducing CC (82%). Gender, education level, and place of residence were significant factors affecting knowledge about CC.

Conclusions

Over 50% of the participants were knowledgeable about CC and the role of human activities in CC. Therefore, public awareness campaigns utilizing prominent media such as television and social media should be launched to improve CC literacy. These campaigns should be more directed at males, and people with lower levels of education and who live in rural areas in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt.
Exposure of domestic animals to Mayaro and Oropouche viruses in urban and peri-urban areas of West-Central Brazil
Authors: Dias Helver Gonçalves , Familiar-Macedo Débora , Garrido Ingrid Oliveira , dos Santos Flávia Barreto , Pauvolid-Corrêa Alex
Published: July 2024

Oropouche and Mayaro viruses are enzootic arboviruses of public health concern throughout Latin America. Recent outbreaks of OROV in northern region and sporadic autochthonous cases in western region of Brazil, suggest a silent circulation of these neglected viruses. Aiming to investigate the exposure of different species of domestic animals to MAYV and OROV in urban and peri-urban areas of West-Central Brazil, we performed a cross-sectional serosurvey by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Our findings included neutralizing antibodies for both arboviruses in cattle, dogs and horses, suggesting eventual role of domestic animals in enzootic arbovirus surveillance in Brazil.
No evidence of mid-flexion instability after robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty as assessed by intraoperative pressure sensors
Authors: Armendariz Mateo , Tadros Baha John , Collopy Dermot , Clark Gavin
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Mid-flexion instability has been identified as a cause for dissatisfaction following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Robotic-assisted surgery using the Mako robot only allows for assessment of stability at 10° and 90°. This study aimed to investigate any evidence of mid-flexion instability in Mako-assisted TKA.

Methods

Data from 72 TKA in 59 patients from 2018 to 2022 were collected. All patients underwent an RA (Mako, Stryker, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA), single-radius design, cruciate-retaining TKA. Intraoperatively, medial, and lateral pressures were measured at 10°, 45° and 90° of flexion using a pressure sensor (Verasense, OrthoSensor, 59 Inc., Dania Beach, FL, USA). The knee was considered balanced if the difference in pressures between compartments was less than 15 pounds-force (lbf).

Results

There was no significant difference between the pressures measured in the medial compartment at 10°, 45° and 90° of flexion (P = 0.696). A statistically significant difference was found between the pressures measured in the lateral compartment at 10°, 45° and 90° of flexion, with the 10° value being significantly higher (P < 0.001), but this did not exceed the threshold of 15 lbf. None of the patients had a pressure difference of more than 15 lbf when pressures at 45° were compared to that at 10° and 90°, medially or laterally.

Conclusion

This study showed no evidence of mid-flexion instability in Mako-assisted TKA, using a single radius, cruciate-retaining prosthesis whilst maintaining the joint height.

Level of evidence

Level III retrospective cohort study.
Evaluation of pulmonary function in Egyptian children with sickle cell disease: a single center study
Authors: Mostafa Abla S. , Hamed Dina H. , ELSayed Basma B , Kholeif Amina M , Youssry Ilham
Published: July 2024

Background

Among inherited blood diseases, sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common, and its prevalence is rising worldwide. People with SCD often have abnormal lung function, which can lead to other health problems and a lower quality of life. This study investigated the lung function problems in Egyptian children with SCD.

Methods

Our study is cross-sectional analytic, held in the pediatric pulmonology and hematology specialized clinics of Abulrish Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. A detailed history was taken; then, patients undergone spirometry.

Results

A total of 60 children in the steady state were recruited, 58% males and 42% females; 73% of the study population was homozygous SS, 22% was SB+thalassemia, and 5% was SB0 with a mean age of 11.4 years. Spirometry done to the patients showed that 17 of the studied 60 sickle cell patients (28%) exhibited impaired pulmonary functions primarily with a restrictive pattern (16.7%).

Conclusion

This study has shown that lung function problems are common in Egyptian children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Restrictive lung disease was predominant in our cohort. Therefore, regular yearly screenings using spirometry might be beneficial for early detection. Additionally, close monitoring by a pediatric lung specialist is recommended.
Genetic variability and trait associations in bread wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L.) genotypes under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions
Authors: Sewore Birhanu Mecha , Abe Ayodeji
Published: July 2024

Drought is one of the most important yield-limiting abiotic stresses threatening wheat production and productivity. Development of wheat genotypes with enhanced grain yield under drought-stressed conditions depend on the extent of genetic variation present for drought tolerance-related traits. This study was carried out to determine the level of genetic variation and associations of yield and yield attributing traits among 196 bread wheat genotypes under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions. The genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions and phenotyped for yield and yield-related traits. The genotypes varied significantly for the traits under both conditions. Grain yield ranged from 2.13 to 3.74 t ha
−1
and from 2.52 to 5.06 t ha
−1
under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions, respectively. Under both conditions, variances due to genotype were higher than environment and genotype × environment interaction variances for all the traits. Estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits under both conditions, with both PCV and GCV being highest for kernel weight spike
−1
and lowest for spike fertility. Under both conditions, broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from moderately high to very high, accompanied with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean. Fertile spikelets spike
−1
, one thousand kernel weight, kernel weight spike
−1
, biomass yield and harvest index manifested high positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations and positive direct effects on grain yield under both conditions. The first five principal components accounted for 78.4% (well-watered) and 76.0% (drought-stressed) of the variation among the genotypes. The 196 genotypes were delineated into six major clusters under both water conditions, with clusters 3 (well-watered) and cluster 5 (drought-stressed) containing genotypes with the highest ability to tolerate drought stress. Genotypes Alidoro, Bolo, Dinknesh, ETBW8491 and ETBW172938 had high stable yields under both conditions. The identified traits and genotypes were drought tolerant and could be exploited to develop novel genotypes for drought stress tolerance.
An ‘activator-repressor’ loop controls the anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-skinned pear
Authors: Yang Guangyan , Xue Zhaolong , Lin-Wang Kui , Chen Guosong , Zhao Yongqi , Chang Yaojun , Xu Shaozhuo , Sun Manyi , Xue Cheng , Li Jiaming , Allan Andrew C. , Espley Richard V. , Wu Jun
Published: July 2024

The color of red-skinned pear (Pyrus spp.) is primarily attributed to accumulation of anthocyanins, which provide nutritional benefits for human health and are closely associated with the commercial value of fruits. Here, we reported the functional characterization of a R2R3-MYB repressor PyMYB107, which forms an ‘activator-repressor’ loop to control anthocyanin accumulation in the red-skinned pear. PyMYB107 overexpression inhibited anthocyanin biosynthesis in both pear calli and fruits, while virus-induced gene silencing of PyMYB107 increased anthocyanin accumulation in pear fruits. Furthermore, ectopic expression of PyMYB107 decreased anthocyanin accumulation in tomato, strawberry and tobacco. PyMYB107 can competitively bind to PybHLH3 with PyMYB10/MYB114, thereby suppressing the transcriptional activation of key anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, PyANS and PyUFGT. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that mutations within the R3 domain and EAR motif of PyMYB107 eliminated its repressive activity. Additionally, PyMYB107 exhibited a comparable expression pattern to PyMYB10/MYB114 and was transcriptionally activated by them. Our finding advanced comprehension of the repression mechanism underlying anthocyanin accumulation, providing valuable molecular insights into improving quality of pear fruits.
Stigma and discrimination faced by adolescents living with HIV and experiencing depression in Malawi
Authors: Faidas Maria , Stockton Melissa A. , Mphonda Steven M. , Sansbury Griffin , Hedrick Haley , Devadas Jackson , Phanga Twambilile , Ruegsegger Laura , Kramer Jack , Mortensen Hillary , Kulisewa Kazione , Pence Brian W. , Bhushan Nivedita L. , Gaynes Bradley N.
Published: July 2024

Background

In Malawi, approximately 25% of adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) also suffer from depression. Not only is HIV stigma a major contributor to depression but it also adversely impacts HIV care engagement. ALWH can experience HIV stigma as stereotyping, social exclusion, low social support, and abuse, and these experiences are associated with poor mental health. Despite recognition of the deleterious effects of HIV stigma, we have limited knowledge of how stigma is experienced by ALWH with comorbid depression. Guided by the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework, we describe stigma faced by ALWH and comorbid depression in Malawi and its implications for future interventions.

Methods

As part of a larger formative study to adapt a mental health counseling intervention, we conducted in-depth interviews, social support mapping sessions, and focus-group discussions with 25 ALWH, 4 caregivers of ALWH, 3 HIV providers, and 5 participants and 5 staff of a prior mental health counseling intervention. After analyzing the stigma codes, we used the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework to organize the data into four key domains: drivers, manifestations, outcomes, and health and social impacts.

Results

Major drivers of HIV stigma included fear of HIV transmission, negative effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART), association with death, inaccurate knowledge, and negative attitudes towards ALWH. The most common manifestations of HIV stigma were gossip, insults and mocking, and physical and social distancing. Decreased ART adherence and missed HIV appointments were commonly cited outcomes of HIV stigma. Broader health impacts of HIV stigma were notable for mental health comorbidities including depression, anxiety, substance use, and suicidality. Identified resilience strategies included support for HIV care engagement and psychosocial support from family and friends.

Conclusions

This study systematically describes the stigmatization process faced by ALWH and experiencing depressive symptoms in Malawi. Notably, HIV stigma continues to disrupt HIV care and detrimentally impacts mental health during adolescent development. Further studies focused specifically on stigma are needed to better characterize this process and identify additional resilience factors. Investment in stigma-reduction interventions for ALWH is needed to avert poor mental health and HIV outcomes.
Confirming size-exclusion chromatography as a clinically relevant extracellular vesicles separation method from 1mL plasma through a comprehensive comparison of methods
Authors: Robinson Stephen David , Samuels Mark , Jones William , Stewart Nicolas , Eravci Murat , Mazarakis Nektarios K , Gilbert Duncan , Critchley Giles , Giamas Georgios
Published: July 2024

Background

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are amongst the most promising candidates for developing blood-based biomarkers. However, patient sample availability is a key barrier to translational research whilst most biobanks store samples of 1.5mL volume or less. To date, there is no consensus on the most suitable method of EV separation and current techniques frequently require large volumes of biofluids, complicated technology, technical expertise, or significant operating costs, which prevents their widespread adoption by less EV-focussed laboratories. Therefore, there is a need for an easy and reproducible method that separates representative EVs from clinically relevant 1mL volumes of plasma prior to subsequent biomarker identification.

Methods

In this study, EVs were separated from a clinically relevant 1mL volume of human plasma using four different separation techniques: size exclusion chromatography (SEC), differential ultracentrifugation, precipitation, and immunoaffinity magnetic bead capture. The EVs were characterised using several orthogonal techniques (protein quantification, nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics) to comprehensively compare the separated samples.

Results

We provide examples of anticipated results highlighting that SEC-processed samples have greater protein quantification yield, greater particle yield of the expected size for EVs, and sufficient EV purity, which facilitates effective EV cargo assessment by proteomics. Moreover, we confirm significant overlap with known EV-related proteins within the Vesiclepedia database. Additionally, using single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing (Leprechaun®), we identify that SEC has the most representative surface tetraspanin distribution of the separated EV population compared to unprocessed plasma.

Discussion

Given that SEC requires minimal expertise, no complicated technology and can separate EVs within 90 min, this comparison reinforces SEC as a clinically relevant EV separation method from 1mL of plasma making it suitable for widespread implementation.
Dementia in-patient units in psychiatric hospitals: research priority setting
Authors: Crowther George , Dunning Rebecca , Russell Gregor , Wolverson Emma , Underwood Benjamin R.
Published: July 2024

Aims and method

Dementia in-patient units (DIU) are mental health wards that care for people living with dementia (PLWD) whose symptoms are causing severe distress or potential risk. DIUs look after some of the most vulnerable and unwell people in society, yet they are environments that are underresearched: a recent systematic review revealed only 36 articles worldwide relating to DIUs. To better understand research priorities in DIUs, we undertook a two-round online Delphi survey of PLWD with experience of DIUs, their carers and professionals who work in DIUs.

Results

Ten research priorities were described and ranked. The top three were how to use non-pharmacological techniques to manage non-cognitive symptoms of dementia, supporting families and better understanding of how to discharge PLWD safely and healthily.

Clinical implications

This is the first Delphi consensus to describe DIU research priorities. This paper will help researchers focus on the areas that matter most to people who use DIUs.
When Will Real-World Data Fulfill Its Promise to Provide Timely Insights in Oncology?
Authors: Berger Marc L. , Ganz Patricia A. , Zou Kelly H. , Greenfield Sheldon
Published: July 2024

Randomized trials provide high-quality, internally consistent data on selected clinical questions, but lack generalizability for the aging population who are most often diagnosed with cancer and have comorbid conditions that may affect the interpretation of treatment benefit. The need for high-quality, relevant, and timely data is greater than ever. Promising solutions lie in the collection and analysis of real-world data (RWD), which can potentially provide timely insights about the patient's course during and after initial treatment and the outcomes of important subgroups such as the elderly, rural populations, children, and patients with greater social health needs. However, to inform practice and policy, real-world evidence must be created from trustworthy and comprehensive sources of RWD; these may include pragmatic clinical trials, registries, prospective observational studies, electronic health records (EHRs), administrative claims, and digital technologies. There are unique challenges in oncology since key parameters (eg, cancer stage, biomarker status, genomic assays, imaging response, side effects, quality of life) are not recorded, siloed in inaccessible documents, or available only as free text or unstructured reports in the EHR. Advances in analytics, such as artificial intelligence, may greatly enhance the ability to obtain more granular information from EHRs and support integrated diagnostics; however, they will need to be validated purpose by purpose. We recommend a commitment to standardizing data across sources and building infrastructures that can produce fit-for-purpose RWD that will provide timely understanding of the effectiveness of individual interventions.
Improving Diagnosis and Care for Patients With Sarcoma: Do Real-World General Practitioners Data and Prospective Data Collections Have a Place Next to Clinical Trials?
Authors: Holthuis Emily I. , Heins Marianne J. , van Houdt Winan J. , Haas Rick L. , Overbeek Jetty A. , Olde Hartman Tim C. , Uijen Annemarie A. , Wee Leonard , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , Husson Olga
Published: July 2024

There has been growing interest in the use of real-world data (RWD) to address clinically and policy-relevant (research) questions that cannot be answered with data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) alone. This is, for example, the case in rare malignancies such as sarcomas as limited patient numbers pose challenges in conducting RCTs within feasible timeliness, a manageable number of collaborators, and statistical power. This narrative review explores the potential of RWD to generate real-world evidence (RWE) in sarcoma research, elucidating its application across different phases of the patient journey, from prediagnosis to the follow-up/survivorship phase. For instance, examining electronic health records (EHRs) from general practitioners (GPs) enables the exploration of consultation frequency and presenting symptoms in primary care before a sarcoma diagnosis. In addition, alternative study designs that integrate RWD with well-designed observational RCTs may offer relevant information on the effectiveness of clinical treatments. As, especially in cases of ultrarare sarcomas, it can be an extreme challenge to perform well-powered randomized prospective studies. Therefore, it is crucial to support the adaptation of novel study designs. Regarding the follow-up/survivorship phase, examining EHR from primary and secondary care can provide valuable insights into identifying the short- and long-term effects of treatment over an extended follow-up period. The utilization of RWD also comes with several challenges, including issues related to data quality and privacy, as described in this study. Notwithstanding these challenges, this study underscores the potential of RWD to bridge, at least partially, gaps between evidence and practice and holds promise in contributing to the improvement of sarcoma care.
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with nivolumab (NIVO) subcutaneous (SC) or intravenous (IV) in patients (pts) with advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) who have received prior therapy in the phase 3 CheckMate 67T trial.
Authors: George Saby , Bourlon Maria T. , Dixon Matthew , Lord-Bessen Jennifer , Worthy Gill , Frampton Katie , Yip Christine , Lawrance Rachael , Taylor Fiona , Albiges Laurence
Published: July 2024

4535

Background: NIVO IV has improved outcomes in multiple tumor types. Evolving treatment paradigms have created a need for administration options that address treatment burden and improve efficiencies of healthcare systems. In a phase 1/2 study (CheckMate 8KX), pts were highly satisfied with NIVO SC and preferred it over NIVO IV [Lonardi et al, ESMO 2022; Lonardi et al, SITC 2023]. CheckMate 67T (NCT04810078) is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 3 study that demonstrated pharmacokinetic and objective response rate noninferiority of NIVO SC vs IV in pts with locally advanced or metastatic ccRCC [George et al, ASCO-GU 2024]. This exploratory analysis assessed non-inferiority of HRQoL between pts randomized to NIVO SC (n=248) vs NIVO IV (n=247) in CheckMate 67T. Methods: HRQoL was measured using patient-reported outcomes (PROs), FKSI-19 (kidney cancer-related HRQoL) and the EQ-5D-5L (pt’s health status). FKSI-19 total score (range 0-76, higher score better HRQoL)and EQ-5D-5L visual analogue scale (VAS) (range 0-100, higher score better health HRQoL) scores were evaluated longitudinally on-treatment visits with ≥10 pts per arm included in model [week 57]) using linear mixed models (constrained longitudinal data analysis), with least squares (LS) mean changes from baseline and differences in the LS mean between NIVO SC and NIVO IV assessed; non-inferiority of NIVO SC vs NIVO IV was evaluated by examining overall treatment differences for on-treatment visits relative to prespecified thresholds. Results: PRO data were available for 247 pts (99.6%) for NIVO SC and 245 pts (99.2%) for NIVO IV, with completion rates >87% across instruments up to week 57 for both treatment arms. HRQoL was maintained over time for both NIVO arms for FKSI-19 total score and subscales and EQ-5D-5L VAS. NIVO SC was non-inferior to NIVO IV across FKSI-19 total score and subscales and EQ-5D-5L VAS (Table). Conclusions: These results demonstrate maintenance of HRQoL for pts with advanced or metastatic ccRCC while on treatment with NIVO, regardless of the mode of administration (SC or IV), supporting the use of NIVO SC as a new option to align with patient preferences. Clinical trial information: NCT04810078 . [Table: see text]
Anlotinib combined with sintilimab as first-line treatment in patients with advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRR): Preliminary results from an exploratory prospective multicentre clinical study.
Authors: Dong Pei , Wei Wensu , Jiang Lijuan , Zhang Zhiling , Wang Deling , Peng Yulu , Huang Tingxuan , Zhong Xi , Guo Shengjie , Han Hui , Cai Xiuyu , Zhou Fangjian
Published: July 2024

4544

Background: Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) accounts for approximately 25% of all kidney cancers, however, the effect of systemic chemotherapy is limited. We report the first results of a single-arm, phase 2 study (NCT05220267) evaluating the efficacy and safety of anlotinib (a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor) combined with sintilimab (a monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death protein 1) as first-line treatment in patients with advanced nccRCC. Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed advanced nccRCC and measurable disease per RECIST v1.1 who had not previously received systemic therapy were received anlotinib (12 mg qd, d1-14, repeated every 21 days) plus sintilimab (200 mg IV Q3W) till disease progression or intolerant toxicity. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints include objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS) and safety. Results: From April 2022 to December 2023, 43 patients were enrolled with a median age of 43 years (range: 18-79), 10 (23.3%) had papillary histology, 10 (23.3%) had FH-RCC histology, 8 (18.6%) had TFE3-RCC histology and 15 (34.9%) were unclassified. Among these participants, 34 patients were evaluable. 62.8% were IMDC intermediate- or poor-risk, 74.4% had prior nephrectomy and 100% had synchronous metastatic disease. ORR and DCR were 52.9%(95%CI 0.35-0.70)and 94.1%(95%CI 0.80-0.99), respectively.≥1 and <1 Combined Positive Score of PD-L1 expression were observed in 50.0% (17/34) and 32.4% (11/34) patients respectively, and the ORR was 52.9% (95%CI: 0.278-0.770) and 45.5% (95%CI: 0.167-0.766) in the two groups. The median time of the first response was 3.7 months (range, 3.3-9.5). As of January 7, 2024, median follow-up time was 8.5m (95%CI 4.8-12.3). The median PFS was 15.1m (95%CI 13.2-15.9). Treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events were observed in 20.9% (9/43) of the patients, encompassed hyponatremia (3 patients, 7%), proteinuria (1 patients, 2%), anemia (1 patients, 2%), Hand-foot syndrome (4 patients, 9.1%). Neither unexpected safety signals nor treatment-related death occurred. Conclusions: Our results showed promising efficacy and acceptable toxicity of anlotinib plus sintilimab for patients with advanced nccRCC. Complete results are awaited in 2024 after follow-up completion of the entire cohort. Clinical trial information: NCT05220267 .
Temporal coherences of atomic chaotic light sources: The Siegert relation and its generalisation to higher-order correlation functions
Authors: Morisse M. , Joshi S. , Mika J. , Capella J. C. C. , Kaiser R. , Bachelard R. , Slodička L. , Hugbart M.
Published: July 2024

Light is characterized by its electric field, yet quantum optics has revealed the importance of monitoring photon-photon correlations at all orders. We here present a comparative study of two experimental setups, composed of cold and warm rubidium atoms, respectively, which allow us to probe and compare photon correlations. The former operates in the quantum regime where spontaneous emission dominates, whereas the latter exhibits a temperature-limited coherence time. We demonstrate our capability to measure photon correlations up to the fourth order which could be useful to better characterize light scattered by cold atoms beyond the chaotic statistics.
Decadal Trends in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Economically Developed Regions in China
Authors: Feng Tianxing , Zheng Jiali , Wang Xiaoxiao , Wang Yilei , Shen Ping , Zhu Beili , Zhao Huiyan , Zhao Li , Xu Yaqing
Published: July 2024

Objective

To estimate decadal trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in economically developed regions in China and its association with city economic levels.

Methods

Using a comprehensive Chinese healthcare database, repeated cross-sectional studies were conducted on adults who had annual health check-ups from 2012 to 2021 in 4 economically developed cities. MetS was defined by the criteria of the Chinese Diabetes Society in 2013. The crude prevalence of MetS adjusted for sex and age was reported. The association between prevalence, calendar year, and city gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was analyzed by regression model.

Results

158 274 participants aged 18 years and older were included. The unadjusted prevalence of MetS increased from 15.5% (95% CI: 14.2%-16.8%) to 20.0% (95% CI: 19.5%-20.5%) from 2012 to 2021. The adjusted overall prevalence has increased steadily from 12.8% to 20.8% after controlling age and sex (P < .001). Male and older age groups had a higher MetS prevalence. In the regression model of the association between the MetS prevalence, calendar year, and city GDP per capita, calendar year had a positive association with the prevalence (P < .001, 95% CI: 0.648-1.954) and city GDP per capita had a negative association (P = .030, 95% CI: −0.136 to −0.007).

Conclusion

The MetS prevalence increased steadily in the economically developed regions in China among the health check-up population during 2012-2021. The MetS prevalence is shown to be negatively associated with GDP per capita in the study population.
Promoting Security Behaviors in Remote Work Environments: Personal Values Shaping Information Security Policy Compliance
Authors: Torres Carlos I. , Crossler Robert E.
Published: July 2024

Organizations worldwide face critical concerns related to cybersecurity threats and information security policy (ISP) compliance. Even though humans are the weakest link in the cybersecurity chain, information security professionals understand the importance of promoting individual information security behaviors because employees are also the first line of defense against ever-increasing cyber threats. Despite a recent trend of working from home, organizations do not make significant differences in their information security interventions for remote workers, relying mainly on VPNs as the only used tool, essentially making employees follow in-office standard information security policies because they are “virtually in-office.” Our study suggests that organizations need to recognize the unique context of remote work and consider personal motivations when shaping information security practices. Furthermore, our study indicates that in order to motivate remote employees to follow secure information security practices, organizations should consider personal characteristics instead of focusing on generic interventions. For instance, our study compares onsite and remote workers, suggesting that personal values are more relevant in remote work settings. Our findings exemplify just one of the many potential personal characteristics to be considered, highlighting how personal values are important motivators for ISP compliance and how they differ for onsite and remote workers in their importance when following information security rules.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies on Psychiatric Nursing Simulation Program-Focused on Scenario
Authors: Kim Geun Myun , Kim Eun Joo , Lim Ji Young , Chang Soo Jung , Lee Ok Kyun , Kim Seong Kwang
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aims to systematically review the literature and conduct a meta-analysis to thoroughly analyze the outcomes of studies on simulation programs in psychiatric nursing.Methods: We conducted an initial search from January 1, 2000, to September 30, 2023, using databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. A total of 2,571 articles were reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We selected 35 articles for systematic literature review and subjected 20 of them to meta-analysis. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program.Results: The number of psychiatric nursing simulation programs has increased since 2015. The most common programs used Standard Patients (SP), but studies using Virtual Reality (VR), audio, video, and other methods have recently been reported. The programs addressed various mental health issues, including depression, suicide, violence, alcohol problems, and mood disorders. Overall, considering all the studies, a significant effect was observed with a pooled Hedges’s g value of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.35~0.78; p<.001).Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of incorporating simulation-based education into nursing curricula to equip professionals with the skills to provide high-quality care to individuals with mental health problems. Further research is needed to explore the long-term benefits of these educational interventions on patient care.
Online Interventions to Improve Mental Health of K-12 Teachers: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kim Heeyeon , Park Hyeri , Kim Heejung
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To explore mental health interventions using online technologies for school teachers and identify characteristics and effects on teachers’ mental health improvement.Methods: The method of Arksey and O’Malley was referenced. Two researchers independently searched seven electronic databases. Eleven experimental studies of online mental health interventions for K-12 teachers were analyzed for publication information, intervention characteristics, and summaries of outcome evaluations.Results: Publication years ranged from 2014 to 2023. Most studies were conducted in Europe. Teleconferencing was the most frequently used. Virtual reality has seen recent development. Cognitive factors were frequently evaluated to ensure the program’s effectiveness, including mental health awareness and coping skills. Thus, cognitive behavior therapy was the most significant component of interventions to improve teachers’ health.Conclusion: Our scoping review illustrates recent trends of online interventions to improve teachers’ mental health. Due to very limited information on Korean teachers, it is necessary to adopt available online interventions considering educational systems and teachers’ characteristics. Highly accessible modality, person-centered contents of mental health concern, and careful protection of teachers’ privacy are recommended for promoting mental health of teachers.
From National Traitors to National Contributors: Contesting Place and Identity through the Voluntarily Repatriated Vietnamese
Authors:   Center of ASEAN Community Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Naresuan University, Thailand, Ton Le Van , Choowonglert Achariya ,   Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Naresuan University, Thailand
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the multifaceted repatriation experiences of Vietnamese individuals who voluntarily returned from Thailand to the upland region of Thanh Hóa province between 1963 and 1965. Utilizing a historical and ethnographic approach, with interviews conducted in February, March, and April 2019; January 2020; May 2022; December 2023; and January 2024, it examines the intricate interplay of political, social, and cultural dynamics that shaped the repatriation process. The study highlights the relocation and deprivation of rights faced by the returnees, emphasizing the political complexities of repatriation. Through a multi-level analysis, this study reveals the intricate relationship between capital management, everyday life practices, and identity contestation. Additionally, it examines the collectivization and nationalist policies of Vietnam in relation to the voluntarily repatriated people’s commitment to work for the nation. In this case, transculturality served as a pivotal element in the construction of place and identity. The study analyzes the various forms of capital that shape individual and collective identities. By engaging in transcultural and localized processes of everyday life practices, returnees exercised various kinds of capital to enhance the efficiency of workers’ cooperatives. This led to new regulations supplementing those of the state, resulting in a variety of efficient cooperatives. Consequently, the repatriated peoples’ home village transformed from a symbol of national betrayal to a thriving cultural and economic hub. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted complexity of repatriation and its implications for identity construction, placemaking, and economic development.
Predictive factors for critical care dependency after posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Patel Mohammed S. , Shah Siddharth , Elkazaz Mohamed K. , Shafafy Masood , Grevitt Michael P.
Published: July 2024

Aims

Historically, patients undergoing surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) have been nursed postoperatively in a critical care (CC) setting because of the challenges posed by prone positioning, extensive exposures, prolonged operating times, significant blood loss, major intraoperative fluid shifts, cardiopulmonary complications, and difficulty in postoperative pain management. The primary aim of this paper was to determine whether a scoring system, which uses Cobb angle, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and number of levels to be fused, is a valid method of predicting the need for postoperative critical care in AIS patients who are to undergo scoliosis correction with posterior spinal fusion (PSF).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all AIS patients who had undergone PSF between January 2018 and January 2020 in a specialist tertiary spinal referral centre. All patients were assessed preoperatively in an anaesthetic clinic. Postoperative care was defined as ward-based (WB) or critical care (CC), based on the preoperative FEV1, FVC, major curve Cobb angle, and the planned number of instrumented levels.

Results

Overall, 105 patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 15.5 years (11 to 25) with a mean weight of 55 kg (35 to 103). The mean Cobb angle was 68° (38° to 122°). Of these, 38 patients were preoperatively scored to receive postoperative CC. However, only 19% of the cohort (20/105) actually needed CC-level support. Based on these figures, and an average paediatric intensive care unit stay of one day before stepdown to ward-based care, the potential cost-saving on the first postoperative night for this cohort was over £20,000. There was no statistically significant difference between the Total Pathway Score (TPS), the numerical representation of the four factors being assessed, and the actual level of care received (p = 0.052) or the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (p = 0.187). Binary logistic regression analysis of the TPS variables showed that the preoperative Cobb angle was the only variable which significantly predicted the need for critical care.

Conclusion

Most patients undergoing posterior fusion surgery for AIS do not need critical care. Of the readily available preoperative measures, the Cobb angle is the only predictor of the need for higher levels of care, and has a threshold value of 74.5°.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(7):713–719.
Redisplacement of reduced distal radius fractures in adults: does the type of casting play a role? The CAST study, a multicentre cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Barvelink Britt , Reijman Max , Smidt Sanne , Miranda Afonso Pedro , Verhaar Jan A. N. , Colaris Joost W.
Published: July 2024

Aims

It is not clear which type of casting provides the best initial treatment in adults with a distal radial fracture. Given that between 32% and 64% of adequately reduced fractures redisplace during immobilization in a cast, preventing redisplacement and a disabling malunion or secondary surgery is an aim of treatment. In this study, we investigated whether circumferential casting leads to fewer the redisplacement of fewer fractures and better one-year outcomes compared with plaster splinting.

Methods

In a pragmatic, open-label, multicentre, two-period cluster-randomized superiority trial, we compared these two types of casting. Recruitment took place in ten hospitals. Eligible patients aged ≥ 18 years with a displaced distal radial fracture, which was acceptably aligned after closed reduction, were included. The primary outcome measure was the rate of redisplacement within five weeks of immobilization. Secondary outcomes were the rate of complaints relating to the cast, clinical outcomes at three months, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) (using the numerical rating scale (NRS), the abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), and Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) scores), and adverse events such as the development of compartment syndrome during one year of follow-up. We used multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression for the analysis of the primary outcome measure.

Results

The study included 420 patients. There was no significant difference between the rate of redisplacement of the fracture between the groups: 47% (n = 88) for those treated with a plaster splint and 49% (n = 90) for those treated with a circumferential cast (odds ratio 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65 to 1.70); p = 0.854). Patients treated in a plaster splint reported significantly more pain than those treated with a circumferential cast, during the first week of treatment (estimated mean NRS 4.7 (95% CI 4.3 to 5.1) vs 4.1 (95% CI 3.7 to 4.4); p = 0.014). The rate of complaints relating to the cast, clinical outcomes and PROMs did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05). Compartment syndrome did not occur.

Conclusion

Circumferential casting did not result in a significantly different rate of redisplacement of the fracture compared with the use of a plaster splint. There were comparable outcomes in both groups.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(7):696–704.
Efectos contagio del Covid-19 a nivel espacial entre municipios
Authors: Hincapié V. Guillermo D. , Moncada Mesa Jhonny , Galvis Ciro Juan Camilo
Published: July 2024

This article quantifies the spatial diffusion capacity –spatial spillover effect– of the COVID-19 virus at municipal level for the department of Antioquia, Colombia, from the onset of its spread in 2020 until December 2021. To this end, error and spatial lag models were implemented to identify the pattern of infections and classify municipalities in terms of their diffusion capacity. The empirical results show a characteristic spatial pattern conditioned by the distribution of economic activity. There is also evidence indicating a reduction of about 83% in the average diffusion capacity of the virus associated with the vaccination process implemented in the department. The findings are valuable for informing public policies that encompass the geographic environment and are necessary for mitigating viruses and similar pandemic processes.
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of threadfin goby Sicyopterus longifilis de Beauford, 1912 (Teleostei: Sicydiinae) at Ummiding and Matama Rivers, West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: TIKAWATI TIKAWATI , OMAR SHARIFUDDIN BIN ANDY , NUR MUHAMMAD
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Tikawati, Omar SBA, Nur M. 2024. Length-weight relationship and condition factor of threadfin goby Sicyopterus longifilis de Beauford, 1912 (Teleostei: Sicydiinae) at Ummiding and Matama Rivers, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2074-2085. Threadfin goby Sicyopterus longifilis (de Beaufort, 1912) is an amphidromous species known as 'penja' in the postlarval phase. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the length-weight relationship and condition factors of goby fish in Ummiding and Matama Rivers, West Sulawesi. Fish sampling was conducted 12 times, twice monthly, during new and full lunar phases from July to December 2023. Each fish was measured for the total length, weighed, and dissected to determine the sex. The results showed that the length-weight relationship of goby fish in Ummiding River for male and female fishes were W = 0.000011L3.0250 and W= 0.000023L2.8422, respectively. In Matama River, the length-weight relationship for male and female fish was W = 0.000008 L3.1193 and W = 0.000005 L3.2228, with a combined sexes value of W = 0.000006 L3.1839. According to the statistical tests, the Ummiding River male fish had isometric growth due to a balanced length and body weight increase. In contrast, female fish had hypoallometric growth type (b<3), where the increase in length was faster than body weight. Male, female, and the combined sexes of the species in Matama River had hyperallometric growth type (b>3) since the increase in length was slower than body weight. The condition factor values exceeded 1.0, showing that Ummiding and Matama Rivers supported threadfin goby life. The acquired threadfin goby length-weight relationship and condition factors are now used as a guide for managing and conserving the species in this region.
Social Movements against Housing Financialization: An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Wijburg Gertjan , Waldron Richard
Published: July 2024

Introduction to the special issue "Social Movements against Housing Financialization".
Wavelength-tolerant generation of Bessel-Gaussian beams using vortex phase plates
Authors: Stoyanov Lyubomir , Dimitrov Nikolay , Wiesner Felix , Fedoruk Michael , Paulus Gerhard G. , Dreischuh Alexander
Published: July 2024

With their nearly non-diffracting and self-healing nature, Bessel-Gaussian beams (BGBs) are attractive for many applications ranging from free-space communications to nonlinear optics. BGBs can successfully be generated on background laser beams by imprinting and subsequently annihilating multiply charged optical vortices followed by focusing the resulting ring-shaped beam with a thin lens. For high-power applications optical vortices are preferentially created by spiral phase plates because of their high damage threshold. These are fabricated to realize an azimuthal change of the accumulated phase of a multiple of 2π at a predetermined wavelength. This raises the expectation that the use of spiral phase plates for the generation of BGBs is limited to the design wavelength and therefore not applicable to broadband applications involving short-pulse lasers. In this paper we present experimental data showing that this limitation can be overcome in a broad spectral range around the design wavelength. Experimental cross-sections of the BGBs for several off-design wavelengths are found in a good quantitative agreement with the theoretical Bessel functions at distances up to 540 cm after the focus of the lens.
Non-invasive laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) of extra-embryonic blood vessels in intact avian eggs at early developmental stages
Authors: Dong Zhenyu , Mahler Simon , Readhead Carol , Chen Xi , Dickson Maya , Bronner Marianne , Yang Changhuei
Published: July 2024

Imaging blood vessels in early-stage avian embryos has a wide range of practical applications for developmental biology studies, drug and vaccine testing, and early sex determination. Optical imaging, such as brightfield transmission imaging, offers a compelling solution due to its safe non-ionizing radiation, and operational benefits. However, it comes with challenges, such as eggshell opacity and light scattering. To address these, we have revisited an approach based on laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and demonstrated a high-quality, comprehensive, and non-invasive visualization of blood vessels in few-days-old chicken eggs, with blood vessels as small as 100 µm in diameter (with LSCI profile full-width-at-half-maximum of 275 µm). We present its non-invasive use for monitoring blood flow, measuring the embryo’s heartbeat, and determining the embryo’s developmental stages using machine learning with 85% accuracy from stage HH15 to HH22. This method can potentially be used for non-invasive longitudinal studies of cardiovascular development and angiogenesis, as well as egg screening for the poultry industry.