bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality Analysis of Selected Toilet Soaps in Saudi Arabia Markets
Authors: Shehata E. E.
Published: December 2020

Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid produced by saponification reaction. The physicochemical properties of soaps determine their quality and hence determine their efficiency. Four toilet soaps from local markets in Saudi Arabia were analyzed for moisture, pH, free caustic alkali or free fatty acid, total fatty matter and insoluble matter in alcohol. The percentage of the moisture ranged between (3.0534±0.1782 -5.1235±0.4891 %), total fatty matter (79.6907± 0.0534 - 94.8253 ± 0.0622), insoluble matter in alcohol (0.7939± 0.0134 - 1.0368± 0.0234% (and there is no excess free caustic alkali. However, the pH values between (8.715±0.0219 - 9.745±0.0212). This study showed that the percent of moisture, free caustic alkali, insoluble matter, total fatty matter and pH values for different samples found to be in limited range. Finally, the percentage of free fatty acid are (1.0433±0.0813 -1.4107±0.1731%). The soaps analyzed proved to be of high quality and meet the standard values.
Determinants of Livelihood Diversification of Rural Households in Sylhet
Authors: Shan Tabia Binte , Ahmed Jasim Uddin
Published: December 2020

Livelihood diversification is considered as a constructive way to improve the livelihood of poor people in rural Bangladesh. This study examines the level of livelihood diversification and the determinants of livelihood diversification of rural households in Sylhet division by using both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from two districts of Sylhet division by adopting simple random sampling procedures. A face to face interview was employed to collect cross section data of total 210 respondents in which semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics, Simpson diversification indexing and Logit model analysis were employed for analyzing the data in accordance with the objectives of the study. The socioeconomic attributes of different respondents indicate that characteristics of sampled respondents differ from each other in respect of their age, gender, literacy rate, family composition, land holdings, credit access etc. However, in rural Bangladesh, a considerable number of households have diversified their livelihoods at different levels through several income generating activities. Though medium and highly diversified households are majority in rural areas; which accounts for 37% and 26% of total households, respectively. Logit model was estimated to analyze the determinants and find that several factors either positively or negatively affect the extent of livelihood diversification. Gender, education level, land holdings and credit access had positive and significant effects on livelihood diversification. On the other hand, dependency ratio and savings had a negative but significant effect on diversification of livelihood in rural areas. Considering the findings, the study suggested some policy implication like encouraging entrepreneurship, expanding credit facilities, development of rural infrastructure along with market facilities; introducing effective pro-poor policies that may assist all poor people to generate more income and higher-return activities. Hence policies that widen the extent of income earning sources and livelihood diversification should be given proper attention.
Women’s Perception of the Effects of Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) on their Livelihood Activities in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi G. T. , Okunlola J. O.
Published: December 2020

The study was carried out to investigate the women’s perception of the effects of Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) on their livelihood activities in Ondo State, Nigeria.  A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to randomly select 120 respondents from three benefitting Local Government Areas in the state. Primary data were collected with the aid of interview schedule and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean as well as Chi square. The mean age of the respondents was 42 years. Most (70.8%) of the respondents were married with mean household size of 6 persons, were ordinary members of social groups (73.3%) and were farmers (46.7%) with and a mean monthly income of ₦18,000.00. Most (60.2%) of the respondents had agricultural value chain activities as their livelihood activities. The study revealed that the respondents had positive perception of CSDP projects such as construction of; potable water supply project (4.01), road/bridge (4.04), health and maternity centre (4.01), community hall/viewing centre (4.06), skill acquisition centre (4.21), market (4.10). There was a significant association between CSDP micro-projects and selected livelihood activities such as crop production (χ2Cal =13.2), livestock production (χ2 Cal =39.8), farm produce processing (χ2Cal =4.3), gathering of wood (χ2Cal =5.4), petty trade (χ2Cal =21.0) and gathering of non-timber products (χ2Cal =4.6). Women’s perception of effects of CSDP projects on their livelihood activities was favourable. Therefore, the study recommends that development strategies and plan should be well structured by the government to improve the livelihood activities of women especially agriculture for improved income and livelihoods.
Comparative Analysis of Financial Viability and Supply Chain Management of Organic and Conventional Farming in Telangana
Authors: Manasa G. , Radhika P. , Seema . , Supriya K.
Published: December 2020

Increased awareness about the ill effects of synthetic chemicals in the food chain, the falling dividends from the conventional production system and growing consumer preference for pesticide-free food have paved the way for organic agriculture as an alternative to the conventional system of farming which solely depends on chemicals. The study aims to compare and analyze the financial viability of selected crops viz., paddy and cotton under organic and conventional farming and the analysis of different supply chains involved in the marketing of organic and conventional food products. The present study was carried out in Jangaon district, which is very well known in the organic farming sector of Telangana state. For the study during the period of 2019-20, ten organic and ten conventional farmers had been selected for each selected crop using a simple random sampling technique. Thus, the sample consists of 20 organic farmers and 20 conventional farmers. The data collected from respondents were analysed using the cost concepts, budgeting technique and Acharya’s approach according to the objectives. The results indicated that the cost of cultivation of conventional crops are more than organic crops due to the increased usage of expensive chemicals in conventional farming. The farmers realize a high premium price for their organic produce and also high net returns, thus have higher financial viability in organic farming. The supply chain of organic produce involving Farmer Producer Organisation (FPO) has high efficiency because it offers the producers a major share in consumer’s rupee and establishes a direct link between the producer and consumer. The study has revealed that organic farming gives better income to the farmers, if marketing linkages are established and they can fetch a better price for organic products than conventional products.
Improving Delta State Polytechnic Ogwashi-Uku (DSPG) Website for Effective Marketing Cum Global Ranking
Authors: Echezonam Anyira, Isaac , Philomena Omodafe, Uzezi
Published: December 2020

The focus of this paper is to provide a guide for the improvement of the Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku (DSPG) website for effective marketing cumglobal ranking. The paper specifically examined the roles of websites in higher education; analyzed the web presence and visibility of DSPG and also identify guidelines for improving the design, content and value of the website. The paper adopted both the quantitative and qualitative methods. Primary information was obtained from four major Search Engines Optimization (SEO) namely, Google, Google Scholar, Bing and Yahoo. Result of Google search shows that DSPG recorded 66,600 Hits in 2019 and 107,000 in 2020; Google Scholar search recorded 318 Hits in 2019 and 395 hits in 2020; Bing recorded 58,800 Hits in 2019 and 52,300 in 2020; while Yahoo! recorded 87,000 Hits in 2019 and 76,300 in 2020. The paper concluded that the institution’s current Webometrics ranking of 213 out of the 249 Nigerian institutions ranked will experience a tremendous improvement in both linkage operations and global competitiveness when the recommendations of this paper are carefully considered and implemented. Thus, it is recommended that a team comprising ICT experts, sound academics and web developers should be set up to oversee the management of the DSPG website for excellent results. In addition, the paper recommends that DSPG Management should encourage lecturers to publish their papers in highly rated open access journals in their various fields and also reconsider using www.ogwashi-ukupoly.edu.ng as the official web address in place of www.mydspg.edu.ng as it is amore fascinating, generally acceptable and effective web address that can leverage DSPG overall performance in line with global academic best practices.
Impact of Working Capital Management on Firm’s Profitability: A Study on Listed Companies in Sri Lanka
Authors: Delima Vianny Jeniston
Published: December 2020

Aims: The main aim of the study is to identify whether working capital management has an impact on firm’s profitability of listed companies in Sri Lanka.

Place and Duration of Study: Pooled panel data of 95 listed companies from 18 sectors are listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) which comprised of 475 observations is used during the period of 2012/2013 to 2016/2017.

Methodology: Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Correlation analysis, ANOVA, and Pooled Regression analysis were employed as measures of analysis. Working capital management components and working capital policies are used as independent variables which comprised of number of days of account receivable (DAR), number of days of inventories (DI), number of days of account payables (DAP), cash conversion cycle (CCC), working capital investment policies (WCIP), and working capital financing policies (WCFP). Current ratio (CR), firm size (SIZE), sales growth (GROWTH), and Debt ratio (DR) were employed as controlled variables. Gross operating profit (GOP) and Return on assets (ROA) were used as dependent variable.

Results: In the descriptive statistics, average of DAR, DI, DAP, and CCC are 64, 63, 97, and 29 days respectively. The average WCIP and WCFP are indicated as 40% and 27% of total assets. For control variables, the average CR, SIZE, GROWTH, and DR are indicated as 2.27, 14.50, 33% and 40%. In the Pearson correlation analysis, CCC has negative relationship with GOP and ROA. With regard to WCIP and WCFP, there are negative significant relationships with GOP and ROA. Regression analysis states that working capital management significantly impacts on firm’s profitability of listed companies in Sri Lanka.

Conclusion: These findings would be useful to consider on maintaining optimal working capital management components and policies to avoid corporate collapse and to maximize firm’s profitability.
Estimation of the Fecundity of Threatened Pethia ticto
Authors: Akanda Md. Abdullah , Rahman Md. Moshiur , Islam Md. Fakhrul
Published: December 2020

In order to estimate fecundity of threatened small indigenous fish species, tit punti (Pethia ticto), an investigation was done at the Field Laboratory Complex, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during June to August, 2017. The mean total lengths were 5.39 ±0.58, 5.20 ± 0.43, 5.79 ± 0.97 cm and mean ovary weights were 0.45 ± 0.20, 0.38 ± 0.15, 0.53 ± 0.26 g for the month of June, July and August, respectively. The fecundity of P. ticto for the month of June was estimated to be 1120-13892 with a mean of 5319.62 ± 3169.16, for the month of July it was 1071-12325 with a mean of 5407.68 ± 3186.82 and for the month of August it was 2268-14328 with a mean of 5919.92 ± 3436.29. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) were 16.62 ± 3.35, 19.01± 4.55 and 14.75± 2.53 for the month of June, July and August, respectively. The highest GSI was observed in July (25.77) and the lowest was 10.53 in June. Information of fecundity and GSI of P. ticto will be helpful for artificial propagation, conservation, and management of this fish species.
Determination of the Fermentation Parameters of an Artisanal Beer Based on Wax and Honey in the North of Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Detto Karamoko , Bedel Fagbohoun Jean , Aboya Moroh Jean-Luc , Mahoua Ouattara Gnénépari Odjo , Marcellin Djè Koffi
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate some microbiological and physicochemical parameters during the production of artisanal beer based on honey and beeswax. Samples were collected at various critical points during the production process. The load of mesophilic aerobic germs and yeasts remains high during production. A total absence of lactic acid bacteria is observed in both types of beer during production. Moreover, Gram staining made it possible to isolate for wax beer, 26% of the Gram negative bacteria of which only one (1) is rod-shaped (5%) and (4) strains are hulls (21%) and 74% of the Gram positive bacteria of which three (3) strains are rods (16%) and eleven (11) strains are hulls (58%). For honey beer, 45% of the Gram-negative bacteria were isolated, of which seven (7) strains are hulls (32%) and three (3) strains are rods (13%), and 55% Gram-positive bacteria, of which seven (7) strains are hulls (32%) and five (5) strains are rods (23%). Wax and honey beers contain a high level of reducing sugars at the beginning of exploitation. During the heat treatment, the reducing sugars reduce the microorganisms disappear after 9 min and 11 min heat treatment respectively for wax and honey beer.
Spiking Neural Network Learning Models for Spike Sequence Learning and Data Classification
Authors: Agebure Moses Apambila , Baagyere Edward Yellakuor , Oyetunji Elkanah Olaosebikan
Published: December 2020

Supervised learning in Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is a hotbed for researchers due to the advantages temporal coded networks provide over that of rate-coded networks with respect to efficiency in information processing and transfer rates. Supervised learning in rate-coded networks though well established, it is difficult to directly apply such models to SNN due to difference in information coding schemes. In this paper, we seek to exploit the advantages of spiking neural networks for spike sequence learning in order to establish two (2) models; batch and sequential learning models for solving data classification tasks. The models are built using the least squares approach leveraging on its approximation abilities. The first set of experiments are on spikesequence learning in which an extensive evaluation of the model is performed using different inputoutput firing rates and learning periods. Results from these experiments show that the proposed model for spike sequence learning produced better performance than some existing models derived for spike sequence learning, particularly, at higher learning periods. The proposed models for data classification are also tested on some selected benchmark datasets most of which had imbalance class distributions and also on real-world road condition datasets for anomaly classification collected by the authors as part of a larger study. While the proposed models generalised very well to all datasets including those with the class imbalance problem where F1and Recall values above 0.90 were recorded, some well-know machine learning algorithms applied to the datasets yielded lower F1 and Recall values and in some cases recorded 0.0 Recall.
GPS Based Soil Profile Study in Respect to Morphological and Nutrient Analysis in Pedon of Ganjam District
Authors: Adhikary Rahul , Garnayak Rohita
Published: December 2020

GPS based two pedons- one each from up and medium land during dry season, studied in the field & analysis done in the laboratory. The difference in properties between two pedons was mostly due to lateritic and basaltic parent material in pedons. The morphology of mineral soils explains the evolution that occurs in the soil body during the process of soil formation, which is predominantly influenced by the parent material and climate. Determination of epipedon and endopedon of diagnostic horizons through description and interpretation of soil profile properties is the basis of land classification, as the knowledge of soil properties, capabilities, and utilization. The results of the study found that, based on its morphological and chemical characteristics, the soil in pedon 1 had brighter colors, higher micronutrient availability, and a thicker horizon compared to the soil in pedon 2. Meanwhile, the pedon 1 is light texture, crumb structure and pedon 2 is heavy texture and sub angular blocky structure. Both the form of density in two pedons was increasing downwards & the value were of a typical mineral soils, but the pore space showed a reverse trend on confirming the compactness and aging of soils towards subsurface horizons. Same results tendency found in micronutrients analysis where pedon 1 rich in micronutrients as compare to pedon 2.
Malignant Course of Right Coronary Artery
Authors: Kalantri Piyush G. , Bodkhe Mahesh , Singla Rahul , Bansal Narender Omprakash
Published: December 2020

Anomalous origin of a coronary artery is uncommon but clinically significant. Manifestations vary from asymptomatic patients to those who present with angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, syncope, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. We herein describe a rare case of an anomalous   origin of the RCA with malignant course between aorta and pulmonary artery. Angiography is invasive, have a relatively low cannulation success rate. Therefore, CT coronary angiography is the best method for imaging. Sudden death without symptoms occurs frequently in patients with anomalous RCAs, so surgical repair is recommended.
Review on Ethnomedicinal Claims of Erythroxylum moonii Hochr
Authors: Perera P. A. N. G. , Rabinarayan Acharya
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Since ancient times, plants contributed in the treatment of multiple disease conditions due to their immense therapeutic claims and currently serve as the principal origin of various medicinal preparations. The aim of present study is to agglomerate all available ethnomedicinal information and research updates pertaining to Erythroxylum moonii Hochr. that is used by traditional health practitioners.

Materials and Methods: Reported ethnomedicinal uses of E. moonii were reviewed with the use of books and research articles with especial relevance to ethnobotany and ethnomedicine from December 2019 to September 2020. Information was categorized as per vernacular names, locality, used parts, therapeutic claims, type and mode of administration along with the ingredients and dosage forms of the preparations.

Results: Erythroxylum moonii is reported in 3 countries and 2 states of India for its presence and it is observed that the plant has been utilized for therapeutic purpose as food preparations and medicinal preparations only in Sri Lanka. Its leaves (majorly) and stem bark are used in 5 different disease conditions either internally or externally. Maximum number of claims are indicated in the management of worm infestation. Among them, the leaves have the maximum application on 4 disease conditions followed by stem bark which has only one. Resent research activities have revealed the presence of anti-fungal and anti-nematodal activities of E. moonii.

Conclusion: Conducting provable scientific studies (pharmacological and clinical) is needed for E. moonii to establish its multiple ethnomedicinal claims.
Correlation between Domestic Violence and Family Planning Attitude among Migrant Women in Turkey
Authors: Bolsoy Nursen , Sen Selma
Published: December 2020

Background: This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the effect of violence against women upon the attitudes of immigrant women toward family planning.

Methods: It is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The smallest number of study sample was determined as 383. Four hundred fifteen married women aged 15-49, who applied to the aforementioned FHCs and accepted to participate in the study, were included in the study. The research data were collected by using a “Women’s Information Form”, “Scale for Domestic Violence against Women (SDVW)” and “Family Planning Attitude Scale”.

Results: It was determined that 46.7% of women were in the age group of 21-30, 44.1% were primary school graduates, 46.5% had migrated at least eleven years before, 63.1% had migrated from the Eastern Anatolia Region and 37.3% had migrated due to family and relatives. The score averages of women were determined as 74.87±10.01 in the Scale for Domestic Violence against Women and 108.96±17.92 in the Family Planning Attitude Scale. As a result of the correlation analysis that was performed between the score averages of the Scale for Domestic Violence against Women and the Family Planning Attitude Scale; a negative, moderate and significant relationship was determined (r=-0.329, p<0.001).

Conclusion: It could be suggested that as violence against immigrant women increases, their attitudes toward family planning are affected negatively. As a result of this study; it was determined that violence against immigrant women negatively affected the attitudes of women toward family planning and their state of using reproductive healthcare services.
Overview of the Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Residency Training in Surgery and Related Specialties in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Omolabake B. I. , Ugwu B. T. , Abiodun A. A. , Agbo C. A. , Akintayo A. J. , Olori S. , Alabi B. S. , Bamidele O. M. , Patrick T. M. , Okoh J. O. , Yau A. G. , Idrisu A. , Adighije P. F. , Ojo B. A.
Published: December 2020

Background: The complete lockdown in Nigeria earlier this year as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted surgical care and training in all ramifications as mostly, only emergency cases were seen besides COVID-19 patients. After the lockdown, and gradual introduction of out-patient and elective surgical care and other medical services, measures to prevent transmission of the virus in our daily surgical practice as well as the introduction of virtual meetings and training are some of the new normal that will remain even after the pandemic.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on residency training in surgical specialties in Northcentral Nigeria.

Methodology: The objective was achieved using an online questionnaire distributed to residency training tertiary centres in Northcentral Nigeria.

Results: We found that various aspects of training were affected differently by the pandemic, with novel strategies adopted to minimize the impact.

Conclusion: We conclude that although there was a reduction in core activities of surgical training, there were strategies in place to mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic by streamlining care to protect the surgical community, whilst adopting new methods to sustain learning. There is need to incorporate these new methods into mainstream surgical training in the sub-region even after this pandemic.
Practices, Attitude & Perceived Barriers of Dental Students in Substance Use Screening & Interventions in Dental Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Goyal Shree , Gupta Ritu , Menon Ipseeta , Das Dipshikha , Rohatgi Lavanya
Published: December 2020

Context: Tobacco, the leading preventable cause of death including alcohol and illicit drug abuse, cause morbidity and mortality. Dentists deal with such patients & can/ should intervene, preventing any deleterious habits with apt knowledge and training.

Aims: The study assesses the knowledge, attitude and practices amongst dental students to manage patients with tobacco, alcohol and substance abuse in a clinical set up.

Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire (self-administered 22 items) survey was conducted among 300 dental students (Undergraduates, Interns, Postgraduates) in a dental college, North India to assess their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding substance abuse- tobacco, alcohol and other illicit drugs. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and subjected to Chi-square test to determine the significant difference between the dental study groups (p≤ 0.05)

Results: There were 37.1% males and 62.9% of females. Final years (33.8%), interns (29.8%) and Post graduates (36.5%) completed the questionnaire. 85.5% Postgraduates, 74.3% final years and 71.9% interns knew where to refer the patients of substance abuse which was statistically significant (p≤ 0.05).A majority (91.1%) of interns prescribe or provide tobacco cessation, followed by 87.1% final years and 78.2% post graduates that were significant values.

Conclusions: Although there’s huge awareness on the management of patients with substance abuse habits, only a few practice it on patients correctly. Lack of training and its application due to many barriers have been discussed in detail pointing out the disparity in the number of patients with habit history being screened and to those being managed.
Evaluation of the Symbiotic Efficiency of Rhizobium Strains Applied to Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirton
Authors: Zennouhi Omar , Rfaki Abderrazak , Mderssa Mohamed El , Ibijbijen Jamal , Nassiri Laila
Published: December 2020

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation by different rhizobacteria on Bituminaria bituminosa plants grown under greenhouse conditions.

Study Design: An experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Biology (Environment and valorization of microbial and plant resources Unit), Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University-Meknes, from November 2019 to February 2020.

Methodology: Eleven species and/or isolates belonging to Rhizobium genus are used to inoculate B. bituminosa plants; similarly, fresh and dry crushed nodules previously collected from B. bituminosa shrubs are tested. The bacterial inoculation effects are evaluated through the estimation of inoculated plants’ fresh and dry shoots weight, root dry weight, total nitrogen, nodules number and fresh weight in comparison to non-inoculated plants. The infectivity and efficiency of the bacteria and the biological nitrogen fixation are also evaluated.

Results: The results enable us to select the infective strains on the basis of their positive effect on growth and total nitrogen, in order to produce inoculum for B. bituminosa. Efficiency and biological nitrogen fixation are also very high compared to the control, especially with the B.b1 strain isolated from Bituminaria bituminosa and identified as Rhizobium tibeticum. The fresh nodules crushing is also very efficient. as inoculant.

Conclusion: The use of symbiotic complex as Rhizobium tibeticum – Bituminaria bituminosa or an inoculum produced from fresh nodules are an eco-friendly alternative for the design of sylvo-pastoral systems ensuring increased soil fertility, fodder productivity and sustainable agroforestry.
Role of Memory in Language Learning –A Review
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Dr.V. , Patchainayagi Dr.S.
Published: December 2020

Memory is a framework or procedure that stores what we realize for some time later. Our memory has three essential capacities: encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Memory represents a “biological process” incorporating a spread of cognitive attributes (Parkin, 1993, p. 22). Encoding is the demonstration of getting data into our memory framework through programmed or effortful handling. Storage helps to retain the information for longer period of time. Retrieving information is the stage where the stored information is recollected. Language is a method for correspondence and individuals use language as an instrument to pass on the thoughts and interpret the message. Human consistently utilizes language to speak with each other. Fundamentally, there are two sorts of dialects that an individual learns in their life, the main language (L1) and the subsequent language (L2). The principal language is human's primary language, the language when they right off the bat hear and attempt to procure after they are conceived. While second language is the language that they learn after they have aced their first language. Generally they get familiar with the second language in the proper school. The most significant thing that we should see is that we obtain as opposed to get familiar with the main language and the opposite way around. At the point when we gain proficiency with the subsequent language, memory assumes the significant job. Memory is one of the variables which can be utilized to anticipate the exhibition of learning unknown dialect. The fundamental target of this survey paper is to research the job of memory in language learning through inspecting diary articles, books, magazines and so forth. Its motivation is additionally to feature the elements of memory in human mind and depict the job of memory in language perception and creation.
O lugar como elemento para a interpretação da vida cangaceira do bando dos Marcelinos na Chapada do Araripe-CE
Authors: Da Costa Ana Paula Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

O trabalho que se segue é fruto de proposições acerca da pesquisa de dissertação a respeito da trajetória dos Marcelinos, bando de cangaceiros, na Chapada do Araripe, localizada na região do Cariri cearense. O artigo versa sobre os conceitos de lugar e memória para compreender as vivências cangaceiras do bando a partir de sua atuação, imprimindo aos itinerários percorridos um caráter de lugar, que se configurou por meio das experiências do sujeito cangaceiro no contexto histórico-cultural. Como auxílio, foram utilizadas narrativas de sujeitos partindo dos lugares de atuação do bando, buscando-se entender a representatividade da geografia do cangaço do bando dos Marcelinos presente no Cariri cearense.

Abstract

THE PLACE AS AN ELEMENT FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF THE “CANGACEIRA” LIFE OF THE MARCELINOS’ GANG IN THE CHAPADA DO ARARIPE-CE

The following work is the result of propositions about the dissertation research regarding to the trajectory of the Marcelinos, gang of cangaceiros, in the Chapada do Araripe, located in the region of Cariri, Ceará. The article deals with the concepts of place and memory to understand the cangaceiras experiences of the gang from their performance, giving the itineraries a place character which was configured through the experiences of the cangaceiro subject in the historical-cultural context. Narratives of subjects were used as aid, departing from the places where the gang operated, seeking to understand the representativeness of the geography of the Marcelinos’gang present in Cariri, Ceará.
“O erro de Heidegger”: do Estado-nação ao lugar como habitar poético
Authors: Marandola Jr Eduardo
Published: December 2020

Por que ler Heidegger? Por que seu pensamento, marcado de forma irremissível pelo reitorado durante o governo nazista, pode ser fecundo para a Geografia do século XXI, em sua necessidade latente de diversidade e multiplicidade? O argumento do artigo parte da discussão de sua adesão ao nacional-socialismo, suas expectativas e frustração, identificando nesta experiência momento decisivo na direção que seu pensamento toma no que se convencionou chamar de Kehre – viragem. O “erro de Heidegger” é ponderado à luz do efeito produzido em seu pensamento, o que o conduz à linguagem na expectativa de uma outra época do Ser: um futuro que não pode ser buscado, apenas preparado. Este é o caminho da serenidade e da passividade, ao mesmo tempo em que radicaliza a crítica ao sujeito moderno e reconhece a força das estruturas históricas na constituição epocal. Trata-se de um pensamento a caminho, que fomenta uma Geografia menos pretensiosa que dá atenção à Terra, à linguagem e à multiplicidade, abrindo caminho para o lugar e o habitar poético.

 

Abstract

“HEIDEGGER’S ERROR”: FROM THE NATION-STATE TO PLACE AS POETIC DWELLING

Why read Heidegger? Why can his thought, marked in an irremissible way by the rectorate during the Nazi government, be fruitful for 21st century geography, in its latent need for diversity and multiplicity? This paper’s argument starts from the discussion of his adherence to National Socialism, his expectations and frustration, identifying in this experience a decisive moment in the direction that his thought takes which was conventionally called Kehre – turning point. “Heidegger’s error” is weighed in the light of the effect produced in his thinking, which leads him to language in the expectation of another time of Being: a future that cannot be sought, only prepared. This is the path of serenity and passivity, while radicalizing the criticism of the modern subject and recognizing the strength of historical structures in the epochal constitution. It is a thought still being shaped, which promotes a less pretentious Geography, that pays attention to the Earth, language and multiplicity, making way for the place and the poetic dwelling.
Improving Photovoltaic Performance of Non‐Fullerene Polymer Solar Cells Enables by Fine‐Tuning Blend Microstructure via Binary Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Yu Yue , Sun Rui , Wang Tao , Yuan Xinxin , Wu Yao , Wu Qiang , Shi Mumin , Yang Wenyan , Jiao Xuechen , Min Jie
Published: December 2020

Studies of the relationship between blend microstructure and photovoltaic performance are becoming more common, which is a prerequisite for rationally improving device performance. Non‐fullerene acceptors usually have planar backbone conformation and strong intermolecular packing, normally resulting in excessive phase separation. Herein, an effective co‐solvent blending strategy to turn the molecular organization of a chlorinated small molecule acceptor Y6‐2Cl and phase separation of the corresponding active layer with PM6 as donor is demonstrated. The in situ photoluminescence measurements and relevant morphological characterizations illustrate that the film‐forming process is fine‐turned when using the mixtures of chloroform (CF) and chlorobenzene (CB) solvents, and the blend showed high domain purity with suitable phase‐separated networks. Thus, better exciton dissociation and charge generation, more balanced charge transport, and less recombination loss are obtained in the co‐solvent blade‐coated devices. As a result, a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.17% is achieved, which is much higher than those of CF‐ and CB‐bladed devices (14.08% and 11.44%, respectively). Of note is that the use of this co‐solvent approach in the other two high‐performance photovoltaic systems is also confirmed, demonstrating its good generality of employing in the printing organic solar cells.
Pd Ion‐Exchange and Ammonia Etching of a Prussian Blue Analogue to Produce a High‐Performance Water‐Splitting Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Hao , Jiang Qianfan , Hadden Joseph H. L. , Xie Fang , Riley D. Jason
Published: December 2020

The authors report an ammonia‐assisted in situ cation‐exchange method for the synthesis of dodecagon N‐doped PdCoNi carbon‐based nanosheets (Pd‐e‐NiCo‐PBA‐C) and explore the catalytic performance. Pd‐e‐NiCo‐PBA‐C exerts extremely low overpotential and Tafel slope for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) both in acidic and alkaline media, only 47 mV, 55 mV dec−1 (pH = 0, HER) and 147 mV, 67 mV dec−1 (pH = 14, HER), and 309 mV, 67 mV dec−1 (pH = 14, OER), outperforming commercial IrO2‐based and Pt‐based catalysts. In addition, after 5000 cycles, the linear sweep voltammetry curve shows a negligible shift, indicating excellent stability performance. To test its overall water‐splitting performance, Pd‐e‐NiCo‐PBA‐C is applied as both cathode and anode materials. A high current density of 33 mA cm−2 at a battery voltage of 1.6 V is obtained, with the catalytic activity maintained at 97.3% after over 50 h. To get a further insight into the superior OER and HER performance, theoretical calculations are carried out, the better performance originates from the affinity difference of Pd and Ni atoms for gas atoms, and the replacement of inert atoms can decrease the binding energy and enhance the electrocatalytic activity.
Directly Compressed Tablets: A Novel Drug‐Containing Reservoir Combined with Hydrogel‐Forming Microneedle Arrays for Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: McAlister Emma , Dutton Bridie , Vora Lalitkumar K. , Zhao Li , Ripolin Anastasia , Zahari Dk Siti Zawanah Binti Pg Hj , Quinn Helen L. , Tekko Ismaiel A. , Courtenay Aaron J. , Kelly Stephen A. , Rodgers Aoife M. , Steiner Lilach , Levin Galit , Levy‐Nissenbaum Etgar , Shterman Nava , McCarthy Helen O. , Donnelly Ryan F.
Published: December 2020

Microneedle (MN) patches consist of a hydrogel‐forming MN array and a drug‐containing reservoir. Drug‐containing reservoirs documented in the literature include polymeric films and lyophilized wafers. While effective, both reservoir formulations are aqueous based, and so degradation can occur during formulation and drying for drugs inherently unstable in aqueous media. The preparation and characterization of novel, nonaqueous‐based, directly compressed tablets (DCTs) for use in combination with hydrogel‐forming MN arrays are described for the first time. In this work, a range of drug molecules are investigated. Precipitation of amoxicillin (AMX) and primaquine (PQ) in conventional hydrogel‐forming MN arrays leads to use of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based MN arrays. Following in vitro permeation studies, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies are conducted in rats with MN patches containing AMX, levodopa/carbidopa (LD/CD), and levofloxacin (LVX). Therapeutically relevant concentrations of AMX (≥2 µg mL−1), LD (≥0.5 µg mL−1), and LVX (≥0.2 µg mL−1) are successfully achieved at 1, 2, and 1 h, respectively. Thus, the use of DCTs offers promise to expand the range of drug molecules that can be delivered transdermally using MN patches.
Optimizing Ion Pathway in Titanium Carbide MXene for Practical High‐Rate Supercapacitor
Authors: Tang Jun , Mathis Tyler , Zhong Xiongwei , Xiao Xu , Wang Hao , Anayee Mark , Pan Feng , Xu Baomin , Gogotsi Yury
Published: December 2020

The lengthened ion pathway in restacked 2D materials greatly limits the electrochemical performance of practically dense film electrodes (mass loading >10 mg cm−2). Typical strategies such as the insertion of nanomaterials and 3D‐structure design is expected to reduce the volumetric capacitance of Ti3C2Tx electrodes, diminishing the dominating advantage of Ti3C2Tx over other electrode materials. Here, a novel, facile, and controllable H2SO4 oxidation method is developed for alleviating the restacking issue of Ti3C2Tx film with few electrochemically inactive side‐products such as TiO2. A hierarchical ion path “highway” in Ti3C2Tx film is fabricated with porous structure, atomic‐level increased interlayer spacing, and reduced flake size (through probe‐sonication). As a result, ultra‐high rate performance is obtained with high volumetric capacitance. For a ≈1.1 µm thick Ti3C2Tx film, capacitance retention of 64% is obtained (208 F g−1/756 F cm−3) when the scan rate is increased from 5 to 10,000 mV s−1. Even at higher mass loadings exceeding 12 mg cm−2 (48 µm thickness), the rate capability is still comparable to unoptimized Ti3C2Tx electrodes with low mass loading (1 mg cm−2). Consequently, a high areal capacitance of ≈3.2 F cm−2 is achieved for pathway‐optimized thick Ti3C2Tx film, which is of great significance for practical applications.
Temperature and Light Modulated Open‐Circuit Voltage in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Different Effective Bandgaps
Authors: Brus Viktor V. , Schopp Nora , Ko Seo‐Jin , Vollbrecht Joachim , Lee Jaewon , Karki Akchheta , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen
Published: December 2020

The relationship of the temperature–light intensity dependence of open‐circuit voltage Voc in nonfullerene‐based organic solar cells with their material characteristics and multimechanism recombination parameters is described. The systematic variation of the effective bandgap Eg,eff and the electrode layers allows the observation of different relative contributions of bimolecular, bulk, and surface trap‐assisted recombination mechanisms. The complementary advantages of the analytical model and the established voltage‐impedance spectroscopy technique provide a useful tool to quantify multimechanism recombination parameters, effective density of states Nc, and energetic disorder σ in organic solar cells under operating conditions. The validity of the proposed model to understand the temperature and light intensity dependent of Voc is shown by applying it to four different donor:nonfullerene acceptor blend systems with conventional or inverted device architectures.
Lithium‐Metal Anode Instability of the Superionic Halide Solid Electrolytes and the Implications for Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Riegger Luise M. , Schlem Roman , Sann Joachim , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Janek Jürgen
Published: December 2020

Owing to high ionic conductivity and good oxidation stability, halide‐based solid electrolytes regain interest for application in solid‐state batteries. While stability at the cathode interface seems to be given, the stability against the lithium metal anode has not been explored yet. Herein, the formation of a reaction layer between Li3InCl6 (Li3YCl6) and lithium is studied by sputter deposition of lithium metal and subsequent in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by impedance spectroscopy. The interface is thermodynamically unstable and results in a continuously growing interphase resistance. Additionally, the interface between Li3InCl6 and Li6PS5Cl is characterized by impedance spectroscopy to discern whether a combined use as cathode electrolyte and separator electrolyte, respectively, might enable long‐term stable and low impedance operation. In fact, oxidation stable halide‐based lithium superionic conductors cannot be used against Li, but may be promising candidates as cathode electrolytes.
Preparation of cigarette butts/coal‐based porous carbon and its catalytic methane decomposition to hydrogen
Authors: Luo Huafeng , Li Tongda , Qiao Yuandong , Ning Zhangxuan , Bo Chunli
Published: December 2020

A new type of cigarette butts/coal‐based composite porous carbon was prepared by potassium hydroxide chemical activation method and used for methane decomposition to hydrogen. The effects of mass mixing ratio of the used cigarette butts/coal and carbonization temperature on the surface properties and structure of carbon materials were studied. The results show that the optimal mass mixing ratio of cigarette butts/coal is 1:3, and the increase in temperature can promote the specific surface area of carbon materials from 1850 to 2785 m2/g, the distribution of pore size is also changed from a large number of micropores to mesopores, and the structure became more disordered. DT/YT‐3‐1023 has the highest initial activity, DT/YT‐3‐1123 has the highest stability, and a certain amount of carbon fibers are deposited on the surface of carbon materials after the reaction.
Preparation and characterization of RDX based composite energetic materials with a cellulose matrix
Authors: Bian Hongli , Shao Ziqiang , Liu Jianxin , Zhang Xuan
Published: December 2020

Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)‐based high‐energy explosives are widely used in weapon warheads, propellants, and ammunition. Many studies have explored different supporting structures for RDX; however, the use of natural materials have rarely has been reported. Natural cellulose is widely known for its excellent compatibility and loading capacity. In this study, cellulose was used as a supporting structure and insensitive material for RDX composites. Cellulose/RDX composite aerogels (RCAs) were prepared using 1‐allyl‐3‐methyl imidazole (AMIMCl) as the solvent, and their properties were characterized. The results show that the content of nitrogen in cellulose/RCAs was 34.5%, and the content of RDX was as high as 94.3%. Moreover, RDX particles were attached to the fibers inside the cellulose aerogels (CAs), forming a homogeneous protective layer on the surface of the cellulose matrix. Compared with the raw RDX material, the thermal stability of the cellulose/RDX energetic aerogels was greatly increased. The porosity of the CAs was reduced due to RDX particles growing inside the CAs. The impact sensitivity increased from 35 to 78 cm.
New indomethacin analogs as selective COX‐2 inhibitors: Synthesis, COX‐1/2 inhibitory activity, anti‐inflammatory, ulcerogenicity, histopathological, and docking studies
Authors: Abdellatif Khaled R. A. , Abdelall Eman K. A. , Elshemy Heba A. H. , El‐Nahass El‐Shaymaa , Abdel‐Fattah Maha M. , Abdelgawad Yasmin Y. M.
Published: December 2020

New indomethacin analogs 4a–g, 5, 6, 8a, and 8b were synthesized to overcome the nonselectivity and ulcer liability of indomethacin. All newly synthesized compounds were more potent against cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2; IC50 value range: 0.09–0.4 μМ) as compared with celecoxib (IC50 = 0.89 μМ). Compounds 4a, 4b, 4d, 5, and 6 showed the highest COX‐2 selectivity index (SI range = 4.07–6.33) as compared with indomethacin (SI = 1.14) and celecoxib (SI = 3.52). Additionally, 4a, 4b, 4d, 5, and 7 showed good anti‐inflammatory activity with edema inhibition (79.36–88.8%), relative to celecoxib (78.96%) and indomethacin (90.43%), after 5 h. Also, ulcerogenic effects and histopathological examination were assessed for the most potent analogs, 4b, 4d, 5, and 6, to determine their safety. The results can shed light on indomethacin analog 5 as a remarkable anti‐inflammatory lead compound with a good safety profile (ulcer index = 10.62) close to the nonulcerogenic drug celecoxib (ulcer index = 10.53) and better than indomethacin (ulcer index = 18.50). Docking studies were performed in the COX‐2 active site for the most active compounds, to test their selectivity and to confirm their mechanism of action.
Pyridine Complexes as Tailored Precursors for Rapid Synthesis of Thiophosphate Superionic Conductors
Authors: Ghidiu Michael , Schlem Roman , Zeier Wolfgang G.
Published: December 2020

Room temperature solution synthesis of electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries has garnered much interest in the past years as a more scalable and efficient alternative to traditional solid‐state syntheses. Li3PS4, a model solid electrolyte often studied, is typically produced from Li2S and P4S10; the latter exists as a molecular solid in an adamantane‐like cage structure, and it has been posited that from its robustness arises a rate‐limiting reaction step. In this work, we have applied chemistry inspired from the organic thionation literature to easily transform the cage‐like P4S10 into more reactive stabilized linear P2S5 molecules. This new reagent was used to drastically reduce the synthesis time of Li3PS4 in acetonitrile from days to hours. Because the long reaction time of many solvent routes to produce solid electrolytes is considered a bottleneck for commercialization, this work shows great promise for looking toward more fundamental chemistry in order to optimize solution syntheses.