bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Clean Method for Vanadium (V) Reduction with Oxalic Acid
Authors: Peng Hao , Tang Dan , Liao Miao , Wu Yuting , Fan Xiaoyi , Li Bing , Huang Huisheng , Shi Wenbing
Published: March 2022

Water pollution deteriorates ecosystems and is a great threat to the environment. The environmental benefits of wastewater treatment are extremely important to minimize pollutants. Here, the oxalic acid used as reductant was used to treat the wastewater which contained high concentration of vanadium (V). Nearly 100% of vanadium was efficiently reduced at selected reaction conditions. The optimization results simulated by response surface methodology (RSM) analysis indicated the parameters all had significant effects on the reduction process, and followed the order: dosage of oxalic acid > reaction temperature > reaction time > initial pH of vanadium-containing wastewater. The reduction behavior analysis indicated that the pseudo first-order kinetics model could describe well the reduction process with Ea = 42.14 kJ/mol, and was described by the equation as followed: −LnC=K0·[pH]0.1016·[n(O)/n(V)]2.4569·[T]2.2588·exp(−42.14/T)·t.
Multicomponent Fe-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses with Excellent Corrosion and Wear Resistances
Authors: Zhang Guan , Sun Wenlei , Xie Lei , Zhang Chengwu , Tan Jie , Peng Xuan , Li Qiang , Ma Xu , Zhao Dongmei , Yu Jiangtong
Published: March 2022

In this study, new multicomponent Fe54M5Cr15Mo6Si2B4P10C4 (M = Fe, Co, and Ni, denoted as Fe59, Fe54Co5, and Fe54Ni5, respectively) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with excellent corrosion and wear resistances were synthesized using the J-quenching technique and fluxing treatment. The synthesized Fe-based BMGs possessed a large glass-forming ability, and the maximum diameters of the Fe59, Fe54Co5, and Fe54Ni5 glassy alloy rods reached 5.5, 4.5, and 4.0 mm, respectively. The Fe59 BMG had a wide supercooled liquid region of 65 K. Potentiodynamic tests in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution showed that the corrosion resistances of the synthesized Fe-based BMGs were relatively better than that of the 316L stainless steel. The Fe59 BMG had the highest corrosion resistance, with the lowest self-corrosion current density in the order of 10−8 A·cm−2. Wear tests showed that the synthesized Fe-based BMGs exhibited excellent wear resistances, and the wear rate of the Fe59 BMG was as low as approximately 1.73 × 10−15 m3·N−1·m−1. The rare-earth-element-free Fe-based BMGs, especially the Fe59 BMG, have a low cost, large glass-forming ability, and excellent wear and corrosion resistance, which make them good candidates for wear-and corrosion-resistant coating materials.
Strategies to Control In Vitro Degradation of Mg Scaffolds Processed by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Cifuentes Sandra C. , Alvarez Lucía , Arias Luis , Fey Tobias , Tsipas Sophia A.
Published: March 2022

Magnesium scaffolds are biodegradable, biocompatible, bioactive porous scaffolds, which find applications within tissue engineering. The presence of porosity increases surface area and enhances cell proliferation and tissue ingrowth. These characteristics make Mg scaffolds key materials to enhance the healing processes of tissues such as cartilage and bone. However, along with the increment of porosity, the corrosion of magnesium within a physiological environment occurs faster. It is, therefore, necessary to control the degradation rate of Mg scaffolds in order to maintain their mechanical properties during the healing process. Several studies have been performed to increase Mg scaffolds’ corrosion resistance. The different approaches include the modification of the Mg surface by conversion coatings or deposited coatings. The nature of the coatings varies from ceramics such as hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphates to polymers such as polycaprolactone or gelatin. In this work, we propose a novel approach to generating a protective bilayer coating on the Mg scaffold surface composed of a first layer of naturally occurring Mg corrosion products (hydroxide and phosphates) and a second layer of a homogeneous and biocompatible coating of polylactic acid. The Mg scaffolds were fabricated from Mg powder by means of powder metallurgy using ammonium bicarbonate as a space holder. The size and amount of porosity were controlled using different size distributions of space holders. We addressed the influence of scaffold pore size on the conversion and deposition processes and how the coating process influences the in vitro degradation of the scaffolds.
Metabolic Regulation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HBV-Transgenic Mice
Authors: Lan Wenning , Wang Yang , Zhou Zixiong , Sun Xia , Zhang Yun , Zhang Fangrong
Published: March 2022

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health burden. Metabolomics analysis has revealed HBV-induced metabolism dysregulation in liver tissues and hepatocytes. However, as an infectious disease, the tissue-specific landscape of metabolic profiles of HBV infection remains unclear. To fill this gap, we applied untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analysis of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, pancreas, and intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) in HBV-transgenic mice and their wild-type littermates. Strikingly, we found systemic metabolic alterations induced by HBV in liver and extrahepatic organs. Significant changes in metabolites have been observed in most tissues of HBV-transgenic mice, except for ileum. The metabolic changes may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of HBV infection. Moreover, tissue-specific metabolic profiles could speed up the study of HBV induced systemic metabolic reprogramming, which could help follow the progression of HBV infection and explain the underlying pathogenesis.
Changes in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Lipidome in Patients with Rett Syndrome
Authors: Zandl-Lang Martina , Züllig Thomas , Trötzmüller Martin , Naegelin Yvonne , Abela Lucia , Wilken Bernd , Scholl-Buergi Sabine , Karall Daniela , Kappos Ludwig , Köfeler Harald , Plecko Barbara
Published: March 2022

Rett syndrome (RTT) is defined as a rare disease caused by mutations of the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2). It is one of the most common causes of genetic mental retardation in girls, characterized by normal early psychomotor development, followed by severe neurologic regression. Hitherto, RTT lacks a specific biomarker, but altered lipid homeostasis has been found in RTT model mice as well as in RTT patients. We performed LC-MS/MS lipidomics analysis to investigate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma composition of patients with RTT for biochemical variations compared to healthy controls. In all seven RTT patients, we found decreased CSF cholesterol levels compared to age-matched controls (n = 13), whereas plasma cholesterol levels were within the normal range in all 13 RTT patients compared to 18 controls. Levels of phospholipid (PL) and sphingomyelin (SM) species were decreased in CSF of RTT patients, whereas the lipidomics profile of plasma samples was unaltered in RTT patients compared to healthy controls. This study shows that the CSF lipidomics profile is altered in RTT, which is the basis for future (functional) studies to validate selected lipid species as CSF biomarkers for RTT.
Maternal Hyperthyroidism in Rats Alters the Composition and Gene Expression of the Matrix Produced In Vitro by Chondrocytes from Offspring with Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Araújo Fabiana R. , Bertassoli Bruno M. , Ocarino Natália M. , Reis Amanda M. S. , Silva Juneo F. , Ribeiro Lorena G. R. , Serakides Rogéria
Published: March 2022

Herein, we aimed to evaluate cultures of femoral chondrocytes from offspring of rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) induced by maternal hyperthyroidism. Fourteen adult female Wistar rats were divided into two groups, a control group and a group treated with daily L-thyroxine administration using an orogastric tube (50 µg/animal/day) during pregnancy. Three days after birth, the offspring were euthanized for chondrocyte extraction. At 7, 14, and 21 days, viability and alkaline-phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed using the MTT assay and BCIP/NBT method, respectively, in a 2D culture. Pellets (3D cultures) were stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) to assess the morphology and percentage of PAS+ areas. The gene transcripts for Col2, Col10, Acan, Sox9, and Runx2 were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The MTT and ALP-assay results showed no significant differences between the groups. Maternal hyperthyroidism did not alter the chondrocyte morphology, but significantly reduced the percentage of PAS+ areas, decreased the expression of the gene transcripts of Col2 and Acan, and increased Sox9 expression. Maternal hyperthyroidism in rats alters the composition and gene expression of the matrix produced by chondrocytes from offspring with IUGR. This may be one of the mechanisms through which excess maternal thyroid hormones reduce offspring bone growth.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopic Methods in Understanding Breast Cancer Biology and Metabolism
Authors: Sharma Uma , Jagannathan Naranamangalam R.
Published: March 2022

A common malignancy that affects women is breast cancer. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Metabolic reprogramming occurs during cancer growth, invasion, and metastases. Functional magnetic resonance (MR) methods comprising an array of techniques have shown potential for illustrating physiological and molecular processes changes before anatomical manifestations on conventional MR imaging. Among these, in vivo proton (1H) MR spectroscopy (MRS) is widely used for differentiating breast malignancy from benign diseases by measuring elevated choline-containing compounds. Further, the use of hyperpolarized 13C and 31P MRS enhanced the understanding of glucose and phospholipid metabolism. The metabolic profiling of an array of biological specimens (intact tissues, tissue extracts, and various biofluids such as blood, urine, nipple aspirates, and fine needle aspirates) can also be investigated through in vitro high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution magic angle spectroscopy (HRMAS). Such studies can provide information on more metabolites than what is seen by in vivo MRS, thus providing a deeper insight into cancer biology and metabolism. The analysis of a large number of NMR spectral data sets through multivariate statistical methods classified the tumor sub-types. It showed enormous potential in the development of new therapeutic approaches. Recently, multiparametric MRI approaches were found to be helpful in elucidating the pathophysiology of cancer by quantifying structural, vasculature, diffusion, perfusion, and metabolic abnormalities in vivo. This review focuses on the applications of NMR, MRS, and MRI methods in understanding breast cancer biology and in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of breast cancer.
An Ultrasonic Motor Using a Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced/Poly-Phenylene-Sulfide-Based Vibrator with Bending/Longitudinal Modes
Authors: Ding Zhaochun , Wei Wentao , Wang Keying , Liu Yumeng
Published: March 2022

In this study, a linear ultrasonic motor (USM) with carbon-fiber-reinforced/poly-phenylene-sulfide (PPS/CF) was developed and the feasibility of using PPS/CF to achieve a lightweight USM was tested. Here, anisotropic Young’s moduli of PPS/CF possibly enhance the driving force when the slider’s moving direction is orthogonal to the carbon-fibers’ filling direction. Further, PPS/CF’s low density may help avoid excessive enhancement in weight. Initially, we measured anisotropic Young’s moduli of PPS/CF, and determined the vibration modes, configuration, and dimensions of the PPS/CF vibrating body through finite element analysis. Subsequently, we fabricated a 45.7-mm-long 30-mm-diameter vibrator to form a linear motor. Finally, we evaluated the load characteristics of the PPS/CF-based motor and made comparisons with isotropic-material-based USMs. At 30.2 kHz frequency, the PPS/CF-based vibrator worked in the 2nd bending and 2nd longitudinal modes as predicted. The PPS/CF-based motor yielded the maximal thrust, no-load speed, and maximal output power of 392 mN, 1103 mm/s, and 62 mW, respectively. Moreover, the thrust force density and power density reached 20.3 N/kg and 3.2 W/kg, respectively, which were relatively high compared to those of the PPS- and aluminum-based USMs with the same vibration modes and similar structures. This preliminary study implies PPS/CF’s feasibility for achieving lightweight USMs, and provides a candidate material for designing micro/meso USMs.
Review of Ultrasonic Ranging Methods and Their Current Challenges
Authors: Qiu Zurong , Lu Yaohuan , Qiu Zhen
Published: March 2022

Ultrasonic ranging has been widely used in automobiles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), robots and other fields. With the appearance of micromachined ultrasonic transducers (MUTs), the application of ultrasonic ranging technology presents a more extensive trend. This review focuses on ultrasonic ranging technology and its development history and future trend. Going through the state-of-the-art ultrasonic ranging methods, this paper covers the principles of each method, the signal processing methodologies, the overall system performance as well as key ultrasonic transducer parameters. Moreover, the error sources and compensation methods of ultrasonic ranging systems are discussed. This review aims to give an overview of the ultrasonic ranging technology including its current development and challenges.
A Review of 3D Printed Bone Implants
Authors: Li Zhaolong , Wang Qinghai , Liu Guangdong
Published: March 2022

3D printing, that is, additive manufacturing, has solved many major problems in general manufacturing, such as three-dimensional tissue structure, microenvironment control difficulty, product production efficiency and repeatability, etc., improved the manufacturing speed and precision of personalized bone implants, and provided a lot of support for curing patients with bone injuries. The application of 3D printing technology in the medical field is gradually extensive, especially in orthopedics. The purpose of this review is to provide a report on the related achievements of bone implants based on 3D printing technology in recent years, including materials, molding methods, optimization of implant structure and performance, etc., in order to point out the existing shortcomings of 3D printing bone implants, promote the development of all aspects of bone implants, and make a prospect of 4D printing, hoping to provide some reference for the subsequent research of 3D printing bone implants.
Cross-Scale Study on Lime Modified Phosphogypsum Cemented Backfill by Fractal Theory
Authors: Zhao Fengwen , Hu Jianhua , Yang Yinan , Xiao Hongxing , Ma Fengcheng
Published: March 2022

Pore structure is a critical factor affecting the strength characteristics of mine backfill materials. In this paper, based on the mechanical tests on lime modified phosphogypsum cemented backfill (LMPGCB), the microstructure of the LMPGCB sample was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Based on the fractal theory (FT), the values expressing the fractal characteristics of the NMR T2 spectrum and SEM images were determined. The mathematical model between the NMR-FT fractal dimension and the SEM-FT box dimension was developed to infer the overall pore characteristics from various pore characteristics. The functional relationships between the strength and pore content and dimension were established, and the effects of pore structure on the strength were discussed. The results indicate that: (1) in NMR-FT fractal dimension, the fractal effect of various types of pores is better. The fractal dimension of the small pore is between 0.86–1.38, in which the overall trend first decreases and then increases. (2) In the SEM-FT box dimension, the fractal effect of the overall pore is better. The overall trend of box dimension decreased first and then increased at each kind of magnification. Furthermore, with the increase of magnification, the box dimension decreases. (3) There is a linear direct proportional relationship between the SEM-FT box dimension and the fractal dimensions of NMR-FT of small pores. The relationship between SEM-FT box dimension and NMR-FT fractal dimensions of various types of pores conforms to the plane relationship. There is a linearly increasing relationship between dimension and pore content and a decreasing relationship between dimension and strength.
Identification and Evolution of Different Genetic Types of Deep Karst Caves Controlled by Faults—A Case Study in Huanjiang Sag, Guangxi Province, South China
Authors: Dan Yong , Dong Hongqi , Liang Bin , Nie Guoquan , Hu Xiuquan , Ji Shaocong , Han Kai
Published: March 2022

In recent years, it has become more and more common to drill deep karst caves as a part of deep shale gas resource exploration and engineering construction in South China. However, the amount of research on the genesis and development mechanism of deep karst caves is relatively low. Based on drilling core karst morphology analysis and two-dimensional (2D) seismic and wide-field geophysical exploration methods, it is revealed that the deep karst in the Huanjiang area is mainly composed of net cracks, holes expanding along cracks and dolomite honeycomb pores, and that large karst caves are also developed, which are related to NW-trending faults. The deep karst is developed in the hanging wall of the fault, with a width of 500 m and a height of 1500 m, and a linear distribution along NW faults in the region. Based on Th-U dating, inclusion testing and rare earth elements from cave fillings, it is revealed that the development of deep karst space is related to two deep karst genetic types: The first is the hypogene hydrothermal karst, which developed in the Yanshanian period and is related to regional magmatism. The second is the groundwater deep circulation karst, mainly developed after the Himalayan period, which is related to the deep circulation of meteoric water. The genesis of deep karst space is the result of multi-stage karst superposition and is mainly controlled by faults. It is difficult to determine the specific time points of these two types of deep karst transformation, but according to regional tectonic evolution, we speculate that the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau has been uplifted since the Himalayan period (>3.54 Ma), and the Carboniferous carbonate rocks and early faults in the Huanjiang area have been exposed, leading to the change and evolution of deep karst. Through comprehensive analysis, a fault-controlled hypogene hydrothermal karst pattern and a meteoric water deep karst pattern are established. The genetic pattern of deep karst provides theoretical support for predicting this kind of karst in southern China and for avoiding drilling deep karst caves as a part of resource exploitation.
Spheres-in-Grating Assemblies with Altered Photoluminescence and Wetting Properties
Authors: Handrea-Dragan Iuliana M. , Vulpoi Adriana , Farcău Cosmin , Botiz Ioan
Published: March 2022

In this work, we report the fabrication of spheres-in-grating assemblies consisting of equally spaced parallel rectangular grooves filled with fluorescent spheres, by employing embossing and convective self-assembly methods. The developed hierarchical assemblies, when compared to spheres spin-cast on glass, exhibited a blueshift in the photoluminescence spectra, as well as changes in wetting properties induced not only by the patterning process, but also by the nature and size of the utilized spheres. While the patterning process led to increased hydrophobicity, the utilization of spheres with larger diameter improved the hydrophilicity of the fabricated assemblies. Finally, by aiming at the future integration of the spheres-in-grating assemblies as critical components in different technological and medical applications, we report a successful encapsulation of the incorporated spheres within the grating with a top layer of a functional polymer.
Dosimetric Performance of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Silver Nanoparticles Hybrid Nanomaterials for Colorimetric Sensing of Gamma Radiation
Authors: Petisiwaveth Phasit , Wanotayan Rujira , Damrongkijudom Nuanpen , Ninlaphruk Sumalee , Kladsomboon Sumana
Published: March 2022

A colorimetric liquid sensor based on a poly(vinyl alcohol)/silver nanoparticle (PVA/AgNPs) hybrid nanomaterial was developed for gamma radiation in the range of 0–100 Gy. In this study, gamma rays (Cobalt-60 source) triggered the aggregation of AgNPs in a PVA/silver nitrate (AgNO3) hybrid solution. The color of this solution visibly changed from colorless to dark yellow. Absorption spectra of the PVA/AgNPs solution were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry in the range of 350–800 nm. Important parameters, such as pH and AgNO3 concentration were optimized. The accuracy, sensitivity, stability, and uncertainty of the sensor were investigated and compared to the reference standard dosimeter. Based on the spectrophotometric results, an excellent positive linear correlation (r = 0.998) between the absorption intensity and received dose was found. For the accuracy, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) between the PVA/AgNPs sensor and the standard Fricke dosimeter was 0.998 (95%CI). The sensitivity of this sensor was 2.06 times higher than the standard dosimeter. The limit of detection of the liquid dosimeter was 13.4 Gy. Moreover, the overall uncertainty of this sensor was estimated at 4.962%, in the acceptable range for routine standard dosimeters (<6%). Based on its dosimetric performance, this new PVA/AgNPs sensor has potential for application as an alternative gamma sensor for routine dose monitoring in the range of 13.4–100 Gy.
Understanding the Morphological Evolution of InSb Nanoflags Synthesized in Regular Arrays by Chemical Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Verma Isha , Zannier Valentina , Dubrovskii Vladimir G. , Beltram Fabio , Sorba Lucia
Published: March 2022

InSb nanoflags are grown by chemical beam epitaxy in regular arrays on top of Au-catalyzed InP nanowires synthesized on patterned SiO2/InP(111)B substrates. Two-dimensional geometry of the nanoflags is achieved by stopping the substrate rotation in the step of the InSb growth. Evolution of the nanoflag length, thickness and width with the growth time is studied for different pitches (distances in one of the two directions of the substrate plane). A model is presented which explains the observed non-linear time dependence of the nanoflag length, saturation of their thickness and gradual increase in the width by the shadowing effect for re-emitted Sb flux. These results might be useful for morphological control of InSb and other III-V nanoflags grown in regular arrays.
Recent Advances in the Gastrointestinal Fate of Organic and Inorganic Nanoparticles in Foods
Authors: Zhou Hualu , McClements David Julian
Published: March 2022

Inorganic or organic nanoparticles are often incorporated into foods to enhance their quality, stability, nutrition, or safety. When they pass through the gastrointestinal environment, the properties of these nanoparticles are altered, which impacts their biological effects and potential toxicity. Consequently, there is a need to understand how different kinds of nanoparticles behave within the gastrointestinal tract. In this article, the current understanding of the gastrointestinal fate of nanoparticles in foods is reviewed. Initially, the fundamental physicochemical and structural properties of nanoparticles are discussed, including their compositions, sizes, shapes, and surface chemistries. Then, the impact of food matrix effects and gastrointestinal environments on the fate of ingested nanoparticles is discussed. In particular, the influence of nanoparticle properties on food digestion and nutraceutical bioavailability is highlighted. Finally, future research directions are highlighted that will enable the successful utilization of nanotechnology in foods while also ensuring they are safe.
Low Percentage of Vegetable Fat in Red Blood Cells Is Associated with Worse Glucose Metabolism and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chiva-Blanch Gemma , Giró Oriol , Cofán Montserrat , Calle-Pascual Alfonso L. , Delgado Elías , Gomis Ramon , Jiménez Amanda , Franch-Nadal Josep , Rojo Martínez Gemma , Ortega Emilio
Published: March 2022

The identification of nutritional patterns associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) might help lead the way to a more efficient and personalized nutritional intervention. Our study is aimed at evaluating the association between fatty acids (FA) in red blood cell (RBC) membranes, as a quantitative biomarker of regular dietary fat intake, and incident type 2 diabetes in a Spanish population. We included 1032 adult Spaniards (57% women, age 49 ± 15 years, 18% prediabetes), without diabetes at study entry, from the Di@bet.es cohort. Incident diabetes was diagnosed at the end of the study follow-up. The FA percentage in RBC was determined at baseline by gas chromatography. Participants were followed on average 7.5 ± 0.6 years. Lower percentages of linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and higher percentages of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in RBC membranes were associated, independently of classical risk factors, with worse glucose metabolism at the end of the study follow-up. In addition, higher percentages of ALA and EPA, and moderate percentages of DHA, were associated with lower risk of diabetes. No significant associations were found for LA and diabetes risk. Dietary patterns rich in vegetables are independently associated with lower risk of both deterioration of glucose regulation and incident diabetes, and should be reinforced for the prevention of diabetes.
Emotional Eating and Dietary Patterns: Reflecting Food Choices in People with and without Abdominal Obesity
Authors: Betancourt-Núñez Alejandra , Torres-Castillo Nathaly , Martínez-López Erika , De Loera-Rodríguez César O. , Durán-Barajas Elvira , Márquez-Sandoval Fabiola , Bernal-Orozco María Fernanda , Garaulet Marta , Vizmanos Barbara
Published: March 2022

Emotional eating (EE) is food consumption in response to feelings rather than hunger. EE is related to unhealthy food intake and abdominal obesity (AO). However, little evidence exists about the association between EE and dietary patterns (DPs) and EE–AO interaction related to DPs. DPs allow describing food combinations that people usually eat. We analyzed the association of EE with DPs in adults (≥18 years) with AO (WC ≥ 80/90 cm in women/men, respectively; n = 494; 66.8% women;) or without AO (n = 269; 74.2% women) in a cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis allowed identifying four DPs from 40 food groups (validated with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire). Among the subjects presenting AO, being “emotional/very-emotional eater” (emotional eating questionnaire) was negatively associated with the “Healthy” DP (fruits, vegetables, olive oil, oilseeds, legumes, fish, seafood) (OR:0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.88, p = 0.013) and positively with the “Snacks and fast food” DP (sweet bread, breakfast cereal, corn, potato, desserts, sweets, sugar, fast food) (OR:1.88; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.03, p = 0.010). Emotional eaters with AO have significantly lower fiber intake, folic acid, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B1, and vitamin C, while they had a higher intake of sodium, lipids, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fats. In non-AO participants, EE was not associated with any DP (p > 0.05). In conclusion, EE is associated with unhealthy DPs in subjects with AO.
Food Allergen Nitration Enhances Safety and Efficacy of Oral Immunotherapy in Food Allergy
Authors: Samadi Nazanin , Koidl Larissa , Salzmann Martina , Klems Martina , Komatitsch Natalie , Schaffer Denise , Weidmann Eleonore , Duschl Albert , Horejs-Hoeck Jutta , Untersmayr Eva
Published: March 2022

(1) Background: Posttranslational protein modifications have been demonstrated to change protein allergenicity. Previously, it was reported that pretreatment with highly nitrated food proteins induced a tolerogenic immune response in an experimental mouse model and in human immune cells. Here, we investigated a possible therapeutic effect of modified proteins and evaluated the safety of oral exposure to highly nitrated proteins in an experimental food allergy model. (2) Methods: BALB/c mice were orally sensitized towards ovalbumin (OVA) under gastric acid suppression. Thereafter, treatment via intragastric gavage with maximally nitrated OVA (nOVAmax) and OVA as a control was performed six times every 2 weeks. On the last day of experiments, all the treated mice were orally challenged with OVA. Systemic anaphylactic reaction was determined by measuring the core body temperature. Moreover, antibody levels, regulatory T cell numbers, cytokine levels and histology of antrum tissues were analyzed. (3) Results: After oral immunotherapy, OVA-specific IgE titers were decreased while IgG1 titers were significantly elevated in the mice receiving OVA. After oral challenge with OVA, nOVAmax-treated allergic animals showed no drop of the core body temperature, which was observed for OVA-allergic and OVA-treated allergic animals. Significantly fewer eosinophils and mast cells were found in the gastric mucosa of the allergic mice after nOVAmax treatment. (4) Conclusions: Oral immunotherapy with nOVAmax reduced allergic reactions upon allergen exposure and the number of allergen effector cells in the gastric mucosa. Thus, maximally nitrated allergens enabled an efficient and safe treatment for food allergy in our experimental model.
The Inverse Association of Sarcopenia and Protein-Source Food and Vegetable Intakes in the Korean Elderly: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
Authors: Park Seon-Joo , Park Junghyun , Won Chang Won , Lee Hae-Jeung
Published: March 2022

The aging population contributes to increasing economic and social burden worldwide. Sarcopenia, an age-related degenerative disease and progressive disorder, is characterized by a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and function. This study aims to assess the association between dietary factors and sarcopenia in the Korean elderly using nationwide data. A total of 801 subjects aged 70–84 years were included in this analysis. Subjects were divided into two groups: sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic groups according to the sarcopenia criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Nutrient and food intakes were assessed using a 24-h recall method. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between sarcopenia and food group and nutrient intakes. In the multivariable models, the meat/fish/egg/legume food group, vegetable group, and total food intake were inversely associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia. The high intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fiber, zinc, carotene, and vitamin B6 were associated with the lower prevalence of sarcopenia. Therefore, consuming sufficient nutrients through various protein source foods and vegetables will help prevent sarcopenia in the Korean elderly.
Effect of Moderate Wine Consumption on Oxidative Stress Markers in Coronary Heart Disease Patients
Authors: Choleva Maria , Argyrou Chrysa , Detopoulou Maria , Donta Maria-Eleni , Gerogianni Anastasia , Moustou Evanggelia , Papaemmanouil Androniki , Skitsa Christina , Kolovou Genovefa , Kalogeropoulos Petros , Fragopoulou Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Evidence from research studies reports that wine consumption is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk, partly through the amelioration of oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of regular light to moderate wine consumption from coronary heart disease (CHD) patients compared to the effect induced by alcohol intake without the presence of wine microconstituents, on oxidation-induced macromolecular damage as well as on endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity. A randomized, single-blind, controlled, three-arm parallel intervention was carried out, in which 64 CHD patients were allocated to three intervention groups. Group A consumed no alcohol, and Group B (wine) and Group C (ethanol) consumed 27 g of alcohol/day for 8 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks. Urine oxidized guanine species levels, protein carbonyls, thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were measured. Oxidized guanine species and protein carbonyl levels were significantly increased in the ethanol group during the intervention and were significantly decreased in the wine group. These results support the idea that wine’s bioactive compounds may exert antioxidant actions that counteract the macromolecular oxidative damage induced by alcohol in CHD patients.
Absolute and Relative Agreement between the Current and Modified Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Dietary Index (BALANCE DI) and the American Heart Association Healthy Diet Score (AHA-DS) in Post Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Weschenfelder Camila , Sapp Philip , Riley Terrence , Petersen Kristina , da Silva Jacqueline Tereza , Bersch-Ferreira Angela Cristine , Machado Rachel Helena Vieira , de Abreu-Silva Erlon Oliveira , Silva Lucas Ribeiro , Weber Bernardete , de Quadros Alexandre Schaan , Kris-Etherton Penny , Marcadenti Aline
Published: March 2022

The American Heart Association Diet Score (AHA-DS) defines the cardiovascular health, and the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Dietary Index (BALANCE DI) was designed to evaluate diet quality in secondary cardiovascular prevention settings. Our aim was to assess the absolute and relative agreement between both tools in Brazilian adults after a myocardial infarction (MI). In this cross-sectional study, 473 individuals were included and had their diet assessed by a 24 h food recall and a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. The weighted Kappa between BALANCE DI and primary AHA-DS was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.08–0.21), and between BALANCE DI and total AHA-DS was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.20–0.32). To improve the agreement between the tools, modifications were made to the BALANCE DI scoring system. The weighted Kappa between New BALANCE DI and primary AHA-DS was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.36–0.48), and between BALANCE DI and total AHA-DS was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.34–0.46). The mean bias observed between the New BALANCE DI as compared to the primary and total AHA-DS was −16% (−51 to 19) and −8% (−41 to 24), respectively. Our results suggest that the New BALANCE DI may be a useful tool to evaluate diet quality in post MI patients.
Associations between Omega-3 Index, Dopaminergic Genetic Variants and Aggressive and Metacognitive Traits: A Study in Adult Male Prisoners
Authors: Fernandez Francesca , Byrne Mitchell K. , Batterham Marijka , Grant Luke , Meyer Barbara J.
Published: March 2022

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) are critical for cell membrane structure and function. Human beings have a limited ability to synthesise docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main n-3 LCPUFA required for neurological development. Inadequate levels of n-3 LCPUFA can affect the dopaminergic system in the brain and, when combined with genetic and other factors, increase the risk of developing aggression, inattention and impulse-control disorders. In this study, male prisoners were administered questionnaires assessing aggressive behaviour and executive functions. Participants also produced blood sampling for the measurement of the Omega-3 Index and the genotyping of dopaminergic genetic variants. Significant associations were found between functional genetic polymorphism in DBH rs1611115 and verbal aggression and between DRD2 rs4274224 and executive functions. However, the Omega-3 Index was not significantly associated with the tested dopaminergic polymorphisms. Although previous interactions between specific genotypes and n-3 LCPUFA were previously reported, they remain limited and poorly understood. We did not find any association between n-3 LCPUFA and dopaminergic polymorphisms in adult male prisoners; however, we confirmed the importance of genetic predisposition for dopaminergic genes (DBH and DRD2) in aggressive behaviour, memory dysfunction and attention-deficit disorder.
Neuroprotective Effect of 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol Derived from Rice Bran Oil against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Lee Hong Kyu , Jang Ji Yeon , Yoo Hwan-Su , Seong Yeon Hee
Published: March 2022

1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol (POP) is a triacylglyceride found in oils from various natural sources, including palm kernels, sunflower seeds, and rice bran. In the current study, the neuroprotective effects and the specific mechanism of POP derived from rice bran oil were investigated for the first time using the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in rats. Orally administered POP at 1, 3, or 5 mg/kg (three times: 0.5 h before MCAO, after 1 h of MCAO, and after 1 h of reperfusion) markedly reduced the MCAO/R-induced infarct/edema volume and neurobehavioral deficits. Glutathione depletion and the oxidative degradation of lipids in the rat brain induced by MCAO/R were prevented by POP administration. The upregulation of phosphorylated p38 MAPKs, inflammatory factors (inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)), and pro-apoptotic proteins (B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3) and the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) in the ischemic brain were significantly inhibited by POP administration. In addition, downregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphorylated cyclic (adenosine monophosphate) AMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) expression in the ischemic brain was inhibited by POP administration. These results suggest that POP might exert neuroprotective effects by inhibition of p38 MAPK and activation of PI3K/Akt/CREB pathway, which is associated with anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory action. From the above results, the present study provides evidence that POP might be effectively applied for the management of cerebral ischemia-related diseases.
Dysmetabolism and Sleep Fragmentation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients Run Independently of High Caffeine Consumption
Authors: Conde Sílvia V. , Martins Fátima O. , Dias Sara S. , Pinto Paula , Bárbara Cristina , Monteiro Emília C.
Published: March 2022

Daytime hypersomnolence, the prime feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), frequently leads to high coffee consumption. Nevertheless, some clinicians ask for patients’ caffeine avoidance. Caffeinated drinks are sometimes associated with more severe OSA. However, these effects are not consensual. Here we investigated the effect of caffeine consumption on sleep architecture and apnea/hypopnea index in OSA. Also, the impact of caffeine on variables related with dysmetabolism, dyslipidemia, and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) dysfunction were investigated. A total of 65 patients diagnosed with OSA and 32 without OSA were included after given written informed consent. Polysomnographic studies were performed. Blood was collected to quantify caffeine and its metabolites in plasma and biochemical parameters. 24 h urine samples were collected for catecholamines measurement. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS: (1) non-parametric Mann-Whitney test to compare variables between controls and OSA; (2) multivariate logistic regression testing the effect of caffeine on sets of variables in the 2 groups; and (3) Spearmans’ correlation between caffeine levels and comorbidities in patients with OSA. As expected OSA development is associated with dyslipidemia, dysmetabolism, SNS dysfunction, and sleep fragmentation. There was also a significant increase in plasma caffeine levels in the OSA group. However, the higher consumption of caffeine by OSA patients do not alter any of these associations. These results showed that there is no apparent rationale for caffeine avoidance in chronic consumers with OSA.
The Prevention Role of Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate in Angiotensin II Induced Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy via CaN-NFAT Signal Pathway
Authors: Zhou Hui , Xia Chen , Yang Yaqing , Warusawitharana Hasitha Kalhari , Liu Xiaohui , Tu Youying
Published: March 2022

Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3) is a representative theaflavin of black tea and is remarkable for the anti-coronary heart disease effect. As an adaptive response to heart failure, pathological cardiac hypertrophy (PCH) has attracted great interest. In this study, the PCH cell model was established with H9c2 cells by angiotensin II, and the prevention effect and mechanisms of TF3 were investigated. The results showed that the cell size and fetal gene mRNA level were significantly reduced as pretreated with TF3 at the concentration range of 1–10 μM, also the balance of the redox system was recovered by TF3 at the concentration of 10 μM. The intracellular Ca2+ level decreased, Calcineurin (CaN) expression was down-regulated and the p-NFATc3 expression was up-regulated. These results indicated that TF3 could inhibit the activation of the CaN-NFAT signal pathway to prevent PCH, and TF3 may be a potentially effective natural compound for PCH and heart failure.
Century Wide Changes in Macronutrient Levels in Indian Mothers’ Milk: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khanna Deepti , Yalawar Menaka , Verma Gaurav , Gupta Shavika
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this systematic review was to understand Indian mothers’ milk composition and report changes in it over the past 100 years. A review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022299224). All records published between 1921 and 2021 were identified by searching databases Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. All observational, interventional, or supplementation studies reporting macronutrients (protein, fat, lactose) in milk of Indian mothers, delivering term infants, were included. Publications on micronutrients, preterm, and methods were excluded. Milk was categorized into colostrum, transitional, and mature. In all, 111 records were identified, of which 34 were included in the final review. Fat ranged from 1.83 to 4.49 g/100 mL, 2.6 to 5.59 g/100 mL, and 2.77 to 4.78 g/100 mL in colostrum, transitional, and mature milk, respectively. The protein was higher in colostrum (1.54 to 8.36 g/100 mL) as compared to transitional (1.08 to 2.38 g/100 mL) and mature milk (0.87 to 2.33 g/100 mL). Lactose was lower in colostrum (4.5–6.47 g/100 mL) as compared to transitional (4.8–7.37 g/100 mL) and mature milk ranges (6.78–7.7 g/100 mL). The older studies (1950–1980) reported higher fat and protein in colostrum as compared to subsequent time points. There were variations in maternal nutritional status, diet, socioeconomic status, and regions along with study design specific differences of time or methods of milk sampling and analysis. Additionally, advancements in methods over time make it challenging to interpret time trends. The need for conducting well-designed, multicentric studies on nutrient composition of Indian mother’s milk using standardized methods of sampling and estimation for understanding the role of various associated factors cannot be undermined.
Effect of Vitamin D and Docosahexaenoic Acid Co-Supplementation on Vitamin D Status, Body Composition, and Metabolic Markers in Obese Children: A Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Study
Authors: De Cosmi Valentina , Mazzocchi Alessandra , D’Oria Veronica , Re Alessandro , Spolidoro Giulia Carla Immacolata , Milani Gregorio P. , Berti Cristiana , Scaglioni Silvia , Giavoli Claudia , Bergamaschi Silvia , Rodari Giulia , Profka Eriselda , Colombo Roberto , Agostoni Carlo
Published: March 2022

Obese children are at high risk of developing vitamin D deficiency. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives might have a beneficial effect on vitamin D status of obese children, due to their anti-inflammatory action, and increasing its absorption. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin D and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) co-supplementation for six months on vitamin D status, body composition, and metabolic markers of obese children with vitamin D deficiency. A total of 108 children were enrolled and 73 children completed the study: 33 were supplemented with an oral dose of 500 mg of DHA and 1200 IU/day of vitamin D3 and 41 were supplemented with 1200 IU/day of vitamin D3 + wheat germ oil. At the end of the study, more than 50% of the subjects improved their vitamin D status. However, co-supplementation was not more effective than vitamin D plus wheat germ oil. Fat mass percentage was significantly reduced, and body mass index improved in both groups, even if all the subjects were still obese at the end of the study. Children receiving both vitamin D and DHA presented a higher increase of DHA levels that could be relevant to prevent inflammatory-associated complications of obesity, but they had no effect on vitamin D levels.
Depression, Is It Treatable in Adults Utilising Dietary Interventions? A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: O’Neill Simone , Minehan Michelle , Knight-Agarwal Catherine R. , Turner Murray
Published: March 2022

This systematic literature review examined whole food or whole diet interventions to treat depression. The inclusion criteria encompassed adults, depression, a recognized depression scale and a whole food or diet intervention. APA PsychINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrance Central Register of Controlled Trails, MEDLINE and Scopus were searched for original research addressing diet as a treatment for depression in adult populations. The quality of the study was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist. Seven studies; with 49,156 participants; met the eligibility criteria. All these studies found positive outcomes with depression levels decreasing after dietary intervention. The calculated effect size varied from small (Cohen’s d = 0.32) to very large (Cohen’s d = 1.82). The inconsistent nature of the studies limited the synthesis of the data. Recommendations are provided to enhance future study design and measurement outcomes. Overall, the findings show a positive result for diets that promote an increased intake of fresh produce, wholegrains, low-fat dairy and lean protein sources, while also decreasing the intake of processed and high-fat foods. No funding was provided for this review. The protocol for this review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020210426).
Babesia and Human Babesiosis
Authors: Montero Estrella , Gray Jeremy , Lobo Cheryl Ann , González Luis Miguel
Published: March 2022

Babesia is a genus of intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites belonging to the exclusively parasitic phylum Apicomplexa [...]
Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 Modulates Actin Cytoskeleton and Inhibits Migration of Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Line A172
Authors: Bartak Michalina , Chodkowski Marcin , Słońska Anna , Grodzik Marta , Szczepaniak Jarosław , Bańbura Marcin W. , Cymerys Joanna
Published: March 2022

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory diseases, abortion, and neurological disorders in horses. Recently, the oncolytic potential of this virus and its possible use in anticancer therapy has been reported, but its influence on cytoskeleton was not evaluated yet. In the following study, we have examined disruptions in actin cytoskeleton of glioblastoma multiforme in vitro model—A172 cell line, caused by EHV-1 infection. We used three EHV-1 strains: two non-neuropathogenic (Jan-E and Rac-H) and one neuropathogenic (EHV-1 26). Immunofluorescent labelling, confocal microscopy, real-time cell growth analysis and OrisTM cell migration assay revealed disturbed migration of A172 cells infected with the EHV-1, probably due to rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton and the absence of cell projections. All tested strains caused disruption of the actin network and general depolymerization of microfilaments. The qPCR results confirmed the effective replication of EHV-1. Thus, we have demonstrated, for the first time, that EHV-1 infection leads to inhibition of proliferation and migration in A172 cells, which might be promising for new immunotherapy treatment.