bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide retrieval from OCO-2 satellite observations using the RemoTeC algorithm and validation with TCCON measurements
Authors: Wu Lianghai , Hasekamp Otto , Hu Haili , Landgraf Jochen , Butz Andre , aan de Brugh Joost , Aben Ilse , Pollard Dave F. , Griffith David W. T. , Feist Dietrich G. , Koshelev Dmitry , Hase Frank , Toon Geoffrey C. , Ohyama Hirofumi , Morino Isamu , Notholt Justus , Shiomi Kei , Iraci Laura , Schneider Matthias , de Mazière Martine , Sussmann Ralf , Kivi Rigel , Warneke Thorsten , Goo Tae-Young , Té Yao
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In this study we present the retrieval of the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (XCO2) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite observations using the RemoTeC algorithm, previously successfully applied to retrieval of greenhouse gas concentration from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The XCO2 product has been validated with collocated ground-based measurements from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) for almost 2 years of OCO-2 data from September 2014 to July 2016. We found that fitting an additive radiometric offset in all three spectral bands of OCO-2 significantly improved the retrieval. Based on a small correlation of the XCO2 error over land with goodness of fit, we applied an a posteriori bias correction to our OCO-2 retrievals. In overpass averaged results, XCO2 retrievals have an SD of  ∼ 1.30 ppm and a station-to-station variability of  ∼ 0.40 ppm among collocated TCCON sites. The seasonal relative accuracy (SRA) has a value of 0.52 ppm. The validation shows relatively larger difference with TCCON over high-latitude areas and some specific regions like Japan.
Contribution of patchy reconnection to the ion to electron
temperature ratio in the Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Chen Chuxin , Wang Chih-Ping
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The ion to electron temperature ratio is a good indicator of the processes involved in the plasma sheet. Observations have suggested that patchy reconnection and the resulting earthward bursty bulk flows (BBFs) transport may be involved in causing the lower temperature ratios at smaller radial distances during southward IMF periods. In this paper, we theoretically estimate how patchy magnetic reconnection electric field accelerates ions and electrons differently. If both ions and electrons are non-adiabatically accelerated merely once in a single reconnection, the temperature ratio would be preserved. However, the ratio would not be preserved if particles are accelerated multiple times. As particles are transported earthward by BBFs after reconnection, the reflection of electrons from the ionosphere and subsequently multiple non-adiabatic accelerations at the reconnection site can explain the observed lower temperature ratios closer to the Earth.
On the origin of moisture related to synoptic-scale rainfall events for the North American Monsoon System
Authors: Ordoñez Paulina , Nieto Raquel , Serra Yolande L. , Gimeno Luis , Ribera Pedro , Gallego David , Ochoa Carlos A. , Quintanar Arturo I.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This work examines the origin of atmospheric water vapor arriving to the North American Monsoon (NAM) region over a 34-yr period (1981–2014) by using a Lagrangian diagnosis method. This methodology computes budgets of evaporation minus precipitation by calculating changes in the specific humidity of thousands of air particles advected into the study area by the observed winds. During the NAM wet season, on average the recycling process is the main water vapor source, followed by the supply of moisture from the Gulf of California. However, the water vapor transport that generates synoptic-scale rainfall comes primarily from the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and terrestrial eastern Mexico. An additional moisture source over the southwestern US is also identified in association with synoptic rainfall events over the NAM region. A high (low) moisture supply from the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico from 4 to 6 days before precipitation events is responsible for high (low) rainfall intensity on synoptic scales during the monsoon peak. Westward propagating mid to upper level inverted troughs (IVs) seem to favor these water vapor fluxes. A 200 % increase in the moisture flux from the Caribbean Sea is related to the occurrence of heavy precipitation in the NAM area, accompanied by a decrease in water vapor advection from the Gulf of California.
(GO)2-SIM: A GCM-Oriented Ground-Observation Forward-Simulator Framework for Objective Evaluation of Cloud and Precipitation Phase
Authors: Lamer Katia , Fridlind Ann M. , Ackerman Andrew S. , Kollias Pavlos , Clothiaux Eugene E. , Kelley Maxwell
Published: May 2018

Abstract. General circulation model (GCM) evaluation using ground-based observations is complicated by inconsistencies in hydrometeor and phase definitions. Here we describe (GO)2-SIM, a forward-simulator designed for objective hydrometeor phase evaluation, and assess its performance over the North Slope of Alaska using a one-year GCM simulation. For uncertainty quantification, 18 empirical relationships are used to convert model grid-average hydrometeor (liquid and ice, cloud and precipitation) water contents to zenith polarimetric micropulse lidar and Ka-band Doppler radar measurements producing an ensemble of 576 forward-simulation realizations. Sensor limitations are represented in forward space to objectively remove from consideration model grid cells with undetectable hydrometeor mixing ratios, some of which may correspond to numerical noise. Phase classification in forward space is complicated by the inability of sensors to measure ice and liquid signals distinctly. However, signatures exist in lidar-radar space such that thresholds on observables can be objectively estimated and related to hydrometeor phase. The proposed phase classification technique leads to misclassification in fewer than 8 % of hydrometeor-containing grid cells. Such misclassifications arise because, while the radar is capable of detecting mixed-phase conditions, it can mistake water- for ice-dominated layers. However, applying the same classification algorithm to forward-simulated and observed fields should generate hydrometeor phase statistics with similar uncertainty. Alternatively, choosing to disregard how sensors define hydrometeor phase leads to frequency of occurrence discrepancies of up to 40 %. So, while hydrometeor phase maps determined in forward space are very different from model "reality" they capture the information sensors can provide and thereby enable objective model evaluation.
Toward a conceptual framework of hyporheic exchange across spatial scales
Authors: Magliozzi Chiara , Grabowski Robert , Packman Aaron I. , Krause Stefan
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Rivers are not isolated systems but interact continuously with groundwater from their confined headwaters to their wide lowland floodplains. In the last few decades, research on the hyporheic zone (HZ) has increased appreciation of the hydrological importance and ecological significance of connected river and groundwater systems. While recent studies have investigated hydrological, biogeochemical and ecohydrological processes in the HZ at bedform and reach scales, a comprehensive understanding of process-based interactions between factors operating at different spatial and temporal scales driving hyporheic exchange flows (HEF) at large and reach scale is still missing. Therefore, this review summarizes the factors and processes at catchment, valley and reach scales that interact and control spatial and temporal variations in hyporheic exchange flows. By using a multi-scale perspective, this review connects field observations and modelling studies to identify process driving patterns and dynamics of HEF. Finally, the influence of process interactions over multiple spatial scales is illustrated in a case study, supported by new GIS analyses, which highlights the importance of valley scale factors to the expression of HEF at the reach scale. This conceptual framework will aid the development of approaches to interpret hyporheic exchange across scales, infer scaling relationships, and inform catchment management decisions.
PANORAMIC IMAGES, 2D FEATURE-BASED AND CHANGE DETECTION METHODS FOR THE DOCUMENTATION OF CONTAMINATED CRIME SCENES
Authors: Abate D. , Toschi I. , Sturdy-Colls C. , Remondino F.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper aims to propose and validate a methodology which can support forensic technicians while documenting a crime scene, after a contamination event (either accidental or deliberate) has changed its original appearance. Indeed, investigators need fast and automated tools to detect changes that occurred at a scene over time, and solutions to this problem are still an open issue. The contribution of the paper for addressing this need is twofold. First, a new methodology is introduced, that exploits panoramic images acquired with the Ricoh Theta SC camera, and 2D feature-based methods. The core idea is that SIFT features inherently contain scene information and, thanks to their good stability and invariance, can be exploited to detect possible changes that occurred at a scene surveyed with multi-temporal images. Second, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology, a reference approach is applied, based on state-of-the-art change detection algorithms (MAF/MAD), originally developed for remote sensing applications. Both methods are tested by simulating a typical crime scene, and a contamination event at the Crime Scene House (UK).
URBAN AREA CHANGE DETECTION USING TIME SERIES AERIAL IMAGES
Authors: Altuntas C.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The urban area should be imaged in three-dimensional (3D) for planning, inspection and management. In addition fast urbanisation requires detection the urban area changes which have been occurred with new buildings, additional floor to current buildings and excavations. 3D surface model of urban area enables to extracting high information from them. On the other hand high density spatial data should be measured to creating 3D digital terrain surface model. The dense image matching method makes 3D measurement with high density from the images in a short time. The aim of this study is detection the urban area changes via comparison of time series point cloud data from historical stereoscopic aerial images. The changes were detected with the difference of these digital elevation models. The study area was selected from Konya city in Turkey, and it has a large number of new buildings and changes in topography. Dense point cloud data were created from historical aerial images belong to years of 1951, 1975 and 2010. Every threedimensional point cloud data were registered to global georeferenced coordinate system with ground control points created from the imaged objects such as building corner, fence, wall and etc. Then urban changes were detected with comparing the dense point cloud data by exploiting the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. Consequently, the urban changes were detected from point to surface distances between image based point clouds.
EXPLORING THE APPLICABILITY OF SEMI-GLOBAL MATCHING FOR SAR-OPTICAL STEREOGRAMMETRY OF URBAN SCENES
Authors: Bagheri H. , Schmitt M. , d’Angelo P. , Zhu X. X.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Nowadays, a huge archive of data from different satellite sensors is available for diverse objectives. While every new sensor provides data with ever higher resolution and more sophisticated special properties, using the data acquired by only one sensor might sometimes still not be enough. As a result, data fusion techniques can be applied with the aim of jointly exploiting data from multiple sensors. One example is to produce 3D information from optical and SAR imagery by employing stereogrammetric methods. This paper investigates the application of the semi-global matching (SGM) framework for 3D reconstruction from SAR-optical image pairs. For this objective, first a multi-sensor block adjustment is carried out to align the optical image with a corresponding SAR image using an RPC-based formulation of the imaging models. Then, a dense image matching, SGM is implemented to investigate its potential for multi-sensor 3D reconstruction. While the results achieved with Worldview-2 and TerraSAR-X images demonstrate the general feasibility of SARoptical stereogrammetry, they also show the limited applicability of SGM for this task in its out-of-the-box formulation.
MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION AND KNOWLEDGE BY SURVEYING AND ITS REPRESENTATION
Authors: Balletti C. , Costa M. , Guerra F. , Martinello F. , Vernier P.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Conservation of modern and contemporary cultural heritage, which goes from design objects, to architecture, to cities and territories, is certainly a current topic and in the development phase as it is underway – in the same modernity – a process of systematic replacement of architectural elements, outcome of solutions then experimental, which today are reproduced with contemporary materials, analogous in the appearance, but intimately different especially in the technological content.The paper describes the particular case of La Tour de Meudon, better known as The Tower, (1966) by André Bloc, a contemporary architect of Le Corbusier, founder of L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui, who created his habitable sculptures. All his works mark the evolution of geometric abstraction to the free form, and they are still admirable testimonies of a journey that led him from architecture to architecture. His Architecture and his sculpture intertwine, opening the plastic unity of form in physical space–time. The survey is a fundamental moment for the knowledge of these hybrid architectures, where the structural component is hidden by its evident plasticity, as if it were a large sculpture with abstract and overlapping geometric shapes.Survey isn't only an analysis of geometries: it is instrumental to the other structural and material analyses since it provides a metric and topological basis on which to spatially locate the phenomena being studied. The integrated survey of the building (laser scanning, photogrammetry, topography) has allowed to document his project, contributing to the to definition of the actual construction characteristics and ascertain both the material consistency and the state of conservation.
PROCEDURE ENABLING SIMULATION AND IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL EFFECTS IN CAMERA-BASED TIME-OF-FLIGHT SENSORS
Authors: Baumgart M. , Druml N. , Consani M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper presents a simulation approach for Time-of-Flight cameras to estimate sensor performance and accuracy, as well as to help understanding experimentally discovered effects. The main scope is the detailed simulation of the optical signals. We use a raytracing-based approach and use the optical path length as the master parameter for depth calculations. The procedure is described in detail with references to our implementation in Zemax OpticStudio and Python. Our simulation approach supports multiple and extended light sources and allows accounting for all effects within the geometrical optics model. Especially multi-object reflection/scattering ray-paths, translucent objects, and aberration effects (e.g. distortion caused by the ToF lens) are supported. The optical path length approach also enables the implementation of different ToF senor types and transient imaging evaluations. The main features are demonstrated on a simple 3D test scene.
DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION FROM COMMERCIAL TO FOS SOFTWARE: A MATURE TECHNIQUE FOR FULL-FIELD DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Belloni V. , Ravanelli R. , Nascetti A. , Di Rita M. , Mattei D. , Crespi M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in studying non-contact methods for full-field displacement and strain measurement. Among such techniques, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) has received particular attention, thanks to its ability to provide these information by comparing digital images of a sample surface before and after deformation. The method is now commonly adopted in the field of civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering and different companies and some research groups implemented 2D and 3D DIC software. In this work a review on DIC software status is given at first. Moreover, a free and open source 2D DIC software is presented, named py2DIC and developed in Python at the Geodesy and Geomatics Division of DICEA of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”; its potentialities were evaluated by processing the images captured during tensile tests performed in the Structural Engineering Lab of the University of Rome “La Sapienza” and comparing them to those obtained using the commercial software Vic-2D developed by Correlated Solutions Inc, USA. The agreement of these results at one hundredth of millimetre level demonstrate the possibility to use this open source software as a valuable 2D DIC tool to measure full-field displacements on the investigated sample surface.
INTEGRATED USE OF REMOTE SENSED DATA AND NUMERICAL CARTOGRAPHY FOR THE GENERATION OF 3D CITY MODELS
Authors: Bitelli G. , Girelli V. A. , Lambertini A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. 3D city models are becoming increasingly popular and important, because they constitute the base for all the visualization, planning, management operations regarding the urban infrastructure. These data are however not available in the majority of cities: in this paper, the possibility to use geospatial data of various kinds with the aim to generate 3D models in urban environment is investigated. In 3D modelling works, the starting data are frequently the 3D point clouds, which are nowadays possible to collect by different sensors mounted on different platforms: LiDAR, imagery from satellite, airborne or unmanned aerial vehicles, mobile mapping systems that integrate several sensors. The processing of the acquired data and consequently the obtainability of models able to provide geometric accuracy and a good visual impact is limited by time, costs and logistic constraints. Nowadays more and more innovative hardware and software solutions can offer to the municipalities and the public authorities the possibility to use available geospatial data, acquired for diverse aims, for the generation of 3D models of buildings and cities, characterized by different level of detail. In the paper two cases of study are presented, both regarding surveys carried out in Emilia Romagna region, Italy, where 2D or 2.5D numerical maps are available. The first one is about the use of oblique aerial images realized by the Municipality for a systematic documentation of the built environment, the second concerns the use of LiDAR data acquired for other purposes; in the two tests, these data were used in conjunction with large scale numerical maps to produce 3D city models.
Low cost, multiscale and multi-sensor application for flooded area mapping
Authors: Giordan Daniele , Notti Davide , Villa Alfredo , Zucca Francesco , Calò Fabiana , Pepe Antonio , Dutto Furio , Pari Paolo , Baldo Marco , Allasia Paolo
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Flood mapping and estimation of the maximum water depth are essential
elements for the first damage evaluation, civil protection intervention
planning and detection of areas where remediation is needed. In this work, we present and discuss a methodology for mapping and
quantifying flood severity over floodplains. The proposed methodology
considers a multiscale and multi-sensor approach using free or low-cost
data and sensors. We applied this method to the November 2016 Piedmont
(northwestern
Italy) flood. We first mapped the flooded areas at the basin scale using
free satellite data from low- to medium-high-resolution from both the SAR
(Sentinel-1, COSMO-Skymed) and multispectral sensors (MODIS, Sentinel-2).
Using very- and ultra-high-resolution images from the low-cost aerial
platform and remotely piloted aerial system, we refined the flooded zone and
detected the most damaged sector. The presented method considers both
urbanised and non-urbanised areas. Nadiral images have several
limitations, in particular in urbanised areas, where the use of terrestrial
images solved this limitation. Very- and ultra-high-resolution images were
processed with structure from motion (SfM) for the realisation of 3-D
models. These data, combined with an available digital terrain model,
allowed us to obtain maps of the flooded area, maximum high water area and
damaged infrastructures.
Stability of soil organic matter in Cryosols of Maritime Antarctic: Insights from 13-C NMR and electron spin resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Abakumov Evgeny , Alekseev Ivan
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In this study, the soil organic matter (SOM) was analyzed from different sample areas (surface level and partially isolated supra-permafrost layer) of the tundra-barren landscape of the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Western Antarctica. We found that the humic acids (HAs) of the cryoturbated, buried areas had lower amounts of alkylaromatic and protonized aromatic compounds. In contrast, the HAs from the surface layers contain less alkyl carbon components. The free radical content was higher in the surface layers than in the buried layers due to the presence of fresh organic remnants in superficial soil samples. New data on SOM quality from these two representative Cryosols will enable more precise assessment of SOM stabilization rate in sub-Antarctic tundras. Comparison of the 13C-NMR spectra of the HAs and the bulk SOM revealed that humification occurs in the Antarctic and results in accumulation of aromatic and carboxylic compounds and reductions in alkylic ones.
Application of a laser-based spectrometer for continuous insitu measurements of stable isotopes of soil CO2 in calcareous and acidic soils
Authors: Joseph Jobin , Külls Christoph , Arend Matthias , Schaub Marcus , Hagedorn Frank , Gessler Arthur , Weiler Markus
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The short-term dynamics of carbon and water fluxes across the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum are still not fully understood. One important constraint is the lack of methodologies that enable simultaneous measurements of soil CO2 concentration and its isotopic composition at a high temporal resolution for longer periods of time. δ13C of soil CO2 can be used to derive information on the origin and physiological history of carbon and δ18O in soil CO2 aids to infer interaction between CO2 and soil water. We established a real-time method for measuring soil CO2 concentration, δ13C and δ18O values across a soil profile at higher temporal resolutions up to 1 Hz using an Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectrometer (OA-ICOS). We also developed a calibration method correcting for the sensitivity of the device against concentration-dependent shifts in δ13C and δ18O values under highly varying CO2 concentration. The deviations of measured data were modelled, and a mathematical correction model was developed and applied for correcting the shift. By coupling an OA-ICOS with hydrophobic but gas permeable membranes placed at different depths in acidic and calcareous soils, we investigated the contribution of abiotic and biotic components to total soil CO2 release. We found that in the calcareous Gleysol, CO2 originating from carbonate dissolution contributed to the total soil CO2 concentration at detectable degrees probably due to CO2 evasion from groundwater. Inward diffusion of atmospheric CO2 was found to be rather pronounced in the topsoil layers at both sites. No specific pattern was identified for δ18O in soil CO2 at the calcareous site, δ18O values reflected fairly well the δ18O of soil water at the acidic soil site.
EFFECTS OF MIXING PARAMETERS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS ON PROPERTIES OF CARBON BLACK FILLED STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER
Authors: Narongthong Jirawat , Sae-Oui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit
Published: May 2018

The effects of various mixing parameters on state-of-mix and vulcanizate properties of carbon black filled styrene-butadiene rubber prepared by an intermeshing-rotor internal mixer were observed. The parameters studied include mixing time, rotor speed, fill factor, and filler loading. The interactions between these parameters are also focused. To do this, the mixing parameters are changed simultaneously, and the data are analyzed using response surface methodology. Results reveal that the dispersion index, Payne effect, and tensile properties are not linearly related to mixing time and filler loading but are linearly related to rotor speed and fill factor. The effect of mixing time on dispersion index and Payne effect depends strongly on the levels of rotor speed and filler loading. Increasing the rotor speed or filler loading reduces the effect of mixing time on dispersion index and, thus, on the Payne effect. Among the four parameters, filler loading shows the strongest effect on tensile strength (TS) and modulus at 100% elongation (M100). In addition, the effect of filler loading on the tensile properties depends mainly on the levels of mixing time and fill factor, for example, increasing of fill factor reduces the effect of filler loading on both TS and M100.
The Imperative for Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Marcial Laura Haak , Richardson Joshua E. , Lasater Beth , Middleton Blackford , Osheroff Jerome A. , Kawamoto Kensaku , Ancker Jessica S. , Van Leeuwen Danny , Lomotan Edwin A. , Al-Showk Shafa , Blumenfeld Barry H.
Published: May 2018

This commentary introduces the Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support (PCCDS)
Learning Network, which is collaborating with AcademyHealth to publish “Better Decisions
Together” as part of eGEMs. Patient-centered clinical decision support (CDS) is an
important vehicle to address broad issues in the U.S. health care system regarding
quality and safety while also achieving better outcomes and better patient and provider
satisfaction. Defined as CDS that supports individual patients and their care givers
and/or care teams in health-related decisions and actions, PCCDS is an important step
forward in advancing endeavors to move patient-centered care forward. The PCCDS Learning
Network has developed a framework, referred to as the Analytic Framework for Action
(AFA), to organize thinking and activities around PCCDS. A wide array of activities the
PCCDS Learning Network is engaging in to inform and connect stakeholders is
discussed.
Livros Didáticos Conseguem Promover a Eficiência do Processamento na Compreensão Leitora?
Authors: Tomitch Lêda Maria Braga , Procailo Leonilda , Farias Priscila Fabiane
Published: May 2018

Objetivando investigar se as atividades de leitura propostas no livro didático Way to Go! promovem eficiência no processamento, utilizamos os construtos teóricos propostos na obra de Gagné et al. (1993) e de Daneman e Carpenter (1980) como bases teóricas do presente estudo. Em nossa análise, verificamos que o material didático avaliado dá subsídios ao leitor para antecipação de dificuldades de vocabulário e sugerimos que essas atividades fomentam os subprocessos de decodificação e acesso lexical. A compreensão inferencial é promovida através da integração das informações através de atividades que promovem o engajamento do leitor na relação conhecimento prévio do tópico da leitura e conceitos envolvidos com informações textuais. Porém, orientações sobre o uso de estratégias e monitoramento da compreensão não são exploradas separadamente nas unidades analisadas.
Sobre trilhos: a memória revisitada pelo apito do trem - um estudo com as lentes do Imaginário
Authors: Moraes Heloisa Juncklaus Preis , Bressan Luiza Liene , Jorge Leidiane Coelho
Published: May 2018

A Ferrovia Tereza Cristina, principal elo entre os municípios que compõem a bacia carbonífera do sul de Santa Catarina, foi durante mais de meio século a fomentadora de sonhos de desenvolvimento da referida região. O apito das locomotivas e o chiar das rodas sobre os trilhos de ferro perduram na memória dos habitantes e se constituem como elementos que suscitam o imaginário partilhado pelos moradores das regiões cujas vidas foram forjadas às margens da ferrovia e que, ao ouvir e imaginar as grandes transformações que aqueles apitos poderiam trazer para o seu cotidiano ou para outras pessoas, devanearam no sonho da prosperidade. Para perceber a função imaginante a partir da imagem do trem, especialmente da simbologia do seu apito, ouvimos cinco moradores da cidade de Lauro Müller - SC, que vivenciaram as passagens das locomotivas. O procedimento metodológico está fundado na pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, a partir da mitocrítica (Durand) e da observação sensível das narrativas (Bachelard; Maffesoli).
Ensaio sobre metodologias ativas: reflexões e propostas
Authors: Mota Ana Rita , Werner da Rosa Cleci Teresinha
Published: May 2018

As metodologias ativas surgiram na década de 1980 como alternativa a uma tradição de aprendizagem passiva, onde a apresentação oral dos conteúdos, por parte do professor, se constituía como única estratégia didática. Contrariamente ao ensino tradicional, as metodologias ativas procuram um ambiente de aprendizagem onde o aluno é estimulado a assumir uma postura ativa e responsável em seu processo de aprender, buscando a autonomia, a autorregulação e a aprendizagem significativa. Estas metodologias envolvem métodos e técnicas que estimulam a interação aluno-professor, aluno-aluno e aluno-materiais/recursos didáticos e apostam, quase sempre, na aprendizagem em ambiente colaborativo, levando o aluno a responsabilizar-se pela construção do
seu conhecimento. Tendo como pano de fundo a psicologia cognitiva e a metacognição, este artigo apresenta, analisa e explora algumas metodologias ativas de ensino. Paralelamente, são fornecidas recomendações práticas para envolver o aluno ativamente em sala de aula, assim como são referidas as potencialidades do uso combinado das diferentes metodologias ativas.
Os saberes docentes e a formação do bom professor de ciências
Authors: Altarugio Maisa Helena , Locatelli Solange Wagner
Published: May 2018

Este artigo relata e discute uma vivência realizada com 22 licenciandos numa disciplina obrigatória de um curso de formação inicial de professores de Química, em uma universidade pública paulista. O objetivo central foi o de levantar as concepções dos alunos sobre as qualidades que caracterizam o bom professor. O método educacional psicodramático (MEP) foi utilizado como estratégia para coleta de dados e também para possibilitar a participação ativa dos alunos na construção e na reflexão do conhecimento envolvido na vivência. Discutidos à luz da teoria do MEP e de pesquisas de outros autores envolvidos com o estudo dos saberes docentes, os resultados destacam o uso de metodologias diferenciadas de ensino bem como determinadas posturas e atitudes dos professores, entre as características e qualidades que formariam bons profissionais. Além disso, os estudantes atribuíram diferentes níveis de importância ao saber, ao saber fazer e ao saber ser dos docentes. Acreditamos
que o nosso curso de licenciatura tem condições de refletir sobre esses resultados com os futuros professores e contribuir para a formação de bons profissionais em ciências.
Experimentações e práticas investigativas: reflexões sobre o ensino de ciências nos anos finais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Ody Leandro Carlos , Longo Maristela
Published: May 2018

A escrita deste trabalho tem seu embasamento em dados resultantes de estudos bibliográficos no grande tema ensino de ciências, mais especificamente para os anos finais do ensino fundamental, com o intuito de levantar algumas questões centrais a essa temática. As reflexões apresentadas pautam-se em ações metodológicas que colaborem para o processo de aprendizagem na área de ciências da natureza, por meio de estudo não apenas teórico, mas também contextualizado, com experimentações e atividades práticas e investigativas que promovam
a participação dos estudantes e a efetiva compreensão desta área do conhecimento. Inicia-se com uma breve descrição sobre ciências, em seguida são apresentadas algumas reflexões sobre ciências da natureza e sua relação com outros saberes para a promoção da alfabetização científica. Por fim, expõe-se que o conhecimento conceitual em ciências adquire sentido para os estudantes quando este estudo se torna processual, ou seja, no momento em que a experimentação e outras práticas pedagógicas de caráter investigativo passam a ser incluídas
nas aulas de ciências.
Atividades investigativas e indicadores de alfabetização científica em alunos dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: De Freitas Zompero Andréia , Tedeschi Fernanda
Published: May 2018

Diariamente os professores são desafiados a promover um ensino que envolva os alunos como agentes transformadores do próprio conhecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a manifestação dos indicadores de alfabetização científica (AC) descritos por Sasseron (2008), como levantamento e teste de hipóteses, organização
de dados e explicação dos resultados pelos alunos do 2º ano do ensino fundamental (anos iniciais), a partir de uma sequência didática investigativa, envolvendo a educação ambiental. A aplicação das atividades investigativas foi realizada a partir de problemas desafiadores nos quais os estudantes deveriam buscar respostas e, assim, manifestar esses indicadores. A sequência investigativa, composta por problema, levantamento e teste das hipóteses, organização dos dados e conclusão, propôs atividades baseadas em Zabala (1998) e Carvalho
(2013), que foram aplicadas uma vez por semana durante quatro meses. Analisando os resultados obtidos a partir dos trabalhos compostos por desenhos e/ou textos feitos pelos alunos ao final de cada atividade, foi possível observar que os participantes obtiveram êxito quanto à manifestação dos indicadores de AC e evoluíram quanto à linguagem científica, compreendendo alguns procedimentos para resolução de problemas, tendo em vista o conhecimento científico e a manifestação de indicadores de AC por meio de atividades investigativas.
Interpretación socioeconómica de la política neoliberal
Authors: Olano Gerardo , Morales V. Oscar Armando
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 23, 1991: 627-637
Evolución de los precios y cotización de las divisas
Authors: Arriola Palomares Joaquín
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 23, 1991: 639-646
Del golpe de agosto-1991 a los programas de ajuste estructural en la URSS
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 23, 1991: 647-696
Y en el último minuto nació la paz
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 24, 1991: 707-711
Democracia liberal clásica y capitalismo
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 24, 1991: 785-816
La crisis de la modernidad y el 'Debate post-moderno'
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 25, 1992: 69-100
Las reformas tributarias en El Salvador 1989-1991: el impuesto sobre la renta
Authors: Instituto de investigaciones Económicas (llES)
Published: May 2018

No abstract available Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 26, 1992: 181-254
El sector agropecuario reformado y la nueva economía popular
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 27, 1992: 257-327
La fragilidad de la estabilidad macroeconómica y la política tributaria
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 28, 1992: 365-367
Endeudamiento externo y crecimiento económico: un análisis de la evidencia empírica
Authors: Cáceres Luis René
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 28, 1992: 369-393
Gasto, eficiencia y objetivos en educación en El Salvador: una perspectiva internacional
Authors: Gallagher Mark
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 28, 1992: 395-419
Distribución de los activos monetarios del sector privado en El Salvador
Authors: Glower Carlos J.
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 28, 1992: 421-440
El neoliberalismo no es un dogma de fe
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 29, 1992: 485-516
Vocational Adjustment Level of Employees at Irbid University College
Authors: Al-Momani Mufadi
Published: May 2018

The current study aimed to detect the vocational adjustment level of employees at Irbid University College, and to achieve this goal the study tool; vocational adjustment measurement was developed by the researcher and implemented, after confirming its constancy, stability, and truthfulness, which consist of (36) paragraphs spreading over four dimensions (The reality of work climate, physical income, relationship with co-workers, and relationship with management) on the study populations which consist of (141) employees, and the respondents of (121) of those were subject to the statistical analysis. The study results showed the overall vocational adjustment level of employees at Irbid University College to be medium, where all the dimensions came at medium level, in the order (The reality of working climate, physical income, relationship with coworkers, and relationship with management). The study results also showed the existence of statistically significant difference at level (α = 0.05) between the two arithmetic means of study sample member estimates on all dimensions of vocational adjustment measurement, and on it all together, due to the sex variable, and in favor of males, and the existence of statistically significant difference at level (α = 0.05) between the two arithmetic means of study sample member estimates on all dimensions of vocational adjustment measurement, and on it all together, due to the years of experience variable, and in favor of employees with years of experience of (10 years or more), and also the non- existence of statistically significant difference at level (α = 0.05) between the two arithmetic means of study sample member estimates on all dimensions of vocational adjustment measurement, and on it all together, due to the interaction between the two variables of sex and years of experience.
EFL Syllabus Design: Challenges of Implementation in Burkina Faso
Authors: Somé-Guiébré Esther
Published: May 2018

The widespread use of English in the social, political, economic, and international business spheres compels non-English speaking countries to revise their English language curricula to meet the needs of the global economy. In Burkina Faso, educational policy makers have revised the English as a foreign language (EFL) syllabi from middle to high school with the expectation of helping students achieve communicative competence. However, the delayed implementation of these new syllabi unveils a discomfort from the perspective of both teachers and teacher supervisors. This paper provides a critique of the syllabi of quatrième (4ème) – the US equivalent of 8th grades. It draws from document analysis and stakeholder interviews to highlight the discrepancies between the theory of the vision and the reality of the practice and assess the extent to which the syllabus promotes or hinders communicative competence. The overreaching argument is that despite tremendous efforts invested in the conception of syllabi, these tools hardly help implement communicative language teaching (CLT) in their classrooms.
The Practice Degree of Democratic Behaviors of Male and Female Principals at the Public Basic Schools in Their Tasks Performance in Bani Obeid District, from the Standpoints of Their Teachers
Authors: Al- Momani Mufadi , Ajlouni Mahmoud
Published: May 2018

The study aimed to identify the practice degree of democratic behaviors of male and female principals at the public basic schools in their tasks performance at Bani Obeid district, from the standpoints of their teachers. A questionnaire prepared by Abu-Hayja' in (2005) was developed to achieve this goal, and it consist of (46) items in its final version. The study populations consist of all male and female teachers at the public basic schools in Bani Obeid district, and (560) of those were selected as the study sample, in order to reach the objectives. For data analysis, the arithmetic means and standard deviations of the responses were calculated about the practice degree of democratic behaviors by their teachers, where ANOVA and MANOVA were used, and then they were statistically processed using SPSS. The study results showed the existence of statistically significant differences at the significance level of (α=0.05) between the subjects estimates of the practice degree of democratic behaviors of basic schools principals in their tasks performance that could be attributed to the teacher's sex and years of experience variables. The results also showed a non-existence of statistically significant differences at level (α=0.05) between the arithmetic means related to the practice degree, as a whole that could be attributed to the variables of qualification, experience, and sex.
CRITERIA OF EVOLUTION AND INVOLUTION OF ANIMATE AND INANIMATE NATURE
Authors: ETKİN Valeriy
Published: May 2018

It is shown that the evolution processes of any part or degree of
freedom of an isolated heterogeneous system are carried out by performing work
on them against the balance of other parts or degrees of its freedom and are
accompanied by their involution. This unity of the processes of evolution and
involution makes the thermodynamic criteria of the one-sided directionality of
spontaneous processes unacceptable for them and requires an explicit
consideration of their opposite orientation with the help of specific
nonequilibrium parameters. Parameters characterizing the removal from internal
equilibrium of any macrosystems up to the Universe as a whole are introduced,
and on their basis the criteria of evolution and involution of systems for each
degree of freedom inherent in them are proposed. These criteria confirm the
presence in nature not only destructive, but also creative tendencies. The
sources of free energy of the Universe caused by the processes of wave
formation in a non-baryonic substance and responsible for the evolution
processes in all its subsystems of any hierarchical level and any (organic and
inorganic) origin are revealed. Examples of evolutionary processes in the
observable (baryonic) matter of the Universe that support these criteria are given.
The conclusion is made that the concepts of "the emergence of order from
chaos", "self-organization" of closed systems as a whole,
"time arrows" and "thermal death" of the Universe are
groundless.
Exergetic Investigation of a R1234yf Automotive Air Conditioning System with Internal Heat Exchanger
Authors: Direk Mehmet , Mert Mehmet Selçuk , Yüksel Fikret , Keleşoğlu Alper
Published: May 2018

This study presents the exergetic
investigation of an automotive air conditioning (AAC) system with the
refrigerant R1234yf experimentally. The air-conditioning system is based on the
conventional mechanical compression refrigeration cycle. An internal heat
exchanger (IHX) has been added to the system in order to provide performance
enhancement. The influence of the IHX investigated at different compressor
speeds and air stream temperatures. Experimental measurements were collected by
using a data-acquisition system, and the results were obtained by performing
exergetic analysis. The exergy destruction, exergy efficiency and the total
exergy destruction per cooling capacity were calculated. The analysis results
were compared with a baseline system which operates with the refrigerant R134a.
Furthermore, an empirical correlation was proposed for the determination of the
total exergy destruction per cooling capacity for various compressor speeds for
evaluating the system performance without doing further experiments. As a
result, the exergetic efficiency of the system was improved by introducing IHX
to the system. Moreover, it was observed that the temperature rise in the air stream
decreased the exergy efficiency and increased the total exergy destruction per
cooling capacity.
Control of the weld quality using welding
parameters in a robotic welding process
Authors: Park M.-H. , Jin B.-J. , Yun T.-J. , Son J.-S. , Kim C.-G. , Kim I.S.
Published: May 2018

Purpose: Since the welding automations have widely been required for industries and
engineering, the development of the predicted model has become more important for
the increased demands for the automatic welding systems where a poor welding quality
becomes apparent if the welding parameters are not controlled. The automated welding
system must be modelling and controlling the changes in weld characteristics and produced
the output that is in some way related to the change being detected as welding quality.
To be acceptable a weld quality must be positioned accurately with respect to the joints,
have good appearance with sufficient penetration and reduce low porosity and inclusion
content.
Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the objectives, two intelligent models
involving the use of a neural network algorithm in arc welding process with the help of a
numerical analysis program MATLAB have been developed.
Findings: The results represented that welding quality was fully capable of quantifying and
qualifying the welding faults.
Research limitations/implications: Welding parameters in the arc welding process
should be well established and categorized for development of the automatic welding
system. Furthermore, typical characteristics of welding quality are the bead geometry,
composition, microstructure and appearance. However, an intelligent algorithm that predicts
the optimal bead geometry and accomplishes the desired mechanical properties of the
weldment in the robotic GMA (Gas Metal Arc) welding should be required. The developed
algorithm should expand a wide range of material thicknesses and be applicable in all
welding position for arc welding process. Furthermore, the model must be available in the
form of mathematical equations for the automatic welding system.
Practical implications: The neural network models which called BP (Back Propagation)
and LM (Levenberg-Marquardt) neural networks to predict optimal welding parameters on
the required bead reinforcement area in lab joint in the robotic GMA welding process have
been developed. Experimental results have been employed to find the optimal algorithm to
predict bead reinforcement area by BP and LM neural networks in lab joint in the robotic
GMA welding. The developed intelligent models can be estimated the optimal welding
parameters on the desired bead reinforcement area and weld criteria, establish guidelines
and criteria for the most effective joint design for the robotic arc welding process.
Originality/value: In this study, intelligent models, which employed the neural network
algorithms, one of AI (Artificial Intelligence) technologies have been developed to study the
effects of welding parameters on bead reinforcement area and to predict the optimal bead
reinforcement area for lab joint in the robotic GMA welding process. BP (Back Propagation)
and LM (Levenberg-Marquardt) neural network algorithm have been used to develop the
intelligent model.