bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the nutritional background on the yield and sowing qualities of narrow-leaved lupin seeds in the conditions of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Stupnitsky D N , Bopp V L , Danilov M E , Semin A S , Belokon A I
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the cultivation of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) on various food backgrounds (without fertilizers; amophos + potassium sulphate + ammonium nitrate; ammophos + potassium sulphate + ammonium sulfate; ammophos).The results of the study of the influence of the background of nutrition on the yield and sowing qualities of the seeds of lupine narrow-leaved: germination energy, germination. The highest yield of lupine grain was obtained on plots without the use of mineral fertilizers – 19.49 c / ha.On fertile soils, narrow-leaved lupinedoes not respond to the use of mineral fertilizers, while the use in the experience of mixtures of mineral fertilizers ammophos + potassium sulphate + ammonium nitrate and ammophos + potassium sulphate + ammonium sulfate contributed to an increase in the size of lupine seeds.The largest seeds were obtained in plots with the application of a mixture of fertilizers ammophos + potassium sulfate + ammonium sulfate - the weight of 1000 grains was 125.0 g, which is 11.9% higher than the reference values. In all variants of the experiment, the high seed germination energy is 93.3 % (ammophos) – 99.0 % (ammophos + potassium sulfate + ammonium sulfate). High seed germination rates were obtained – from 96.5 % (without fertilizers) to 99.5% (ammophos). This indicates that the agroecological conditions of the region meet the requirements of culture.
The Korean pine aboveground phytomass determination in the Far East south conditions
Authors: Rozlomiy N G , Minhaidarov V Y , Opalatenko A Y , Tsyndyzhapova S D
Published: September 2021

The forest stands phytomass purposeful studies in the Far East have not been carried out enough. Phytomass determination was mainly carried out as a necessary element for assessing physiological, hydrological and silvicultural processes in the forest. Phytomass largely determines the carbon sequestration, the litter amount, fire hazard, etc. (ibid.), its organic matter contributes greatly to the overall carbon and nitrogen cycle in the forest ecosystem. Research has been carried out to analyse the age 100-70 years pine plantations aboveground phytomass, growing in the Vladivostok agglomeration green zone. On the Vladivostok agglomeration green zone territory, four test plots were laid to assess the Korean pine phytomass according to the Atkin A.S. method, the size of the test plots was 0.4 hectares, the samples were laid in forest 3 types: rhododendral oak forests, shrub-forb oak forests, sedge ash forests - forbs. The Korean pine aboveground phytomass was calculated based on the Vladivostok forestry (stock) taxation description data. The presented materials’ analysis indicates that the Korean pine aboveground phytomass is characterized by high variability even within a specific forest type, it ranges from 7 to 35 t/ha (forest type D4). The data on any species’ trees aboveground phytomass reserves from the trial plots allow us to calculate the aboveground phytomass reserves on all trial plots and per 1 forest hectare.
Some aspects of the ecology of the species Creophilus maxillosus Linnaeus, 1758 and Emus hirtus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in southwestern part of the North Asia
Authors: Eremeev E A
Published: September 2021

The article considers some aspects of the ecology of the 2 largest species of the rove beetles of the local fauna — C. maxillosus and E. hirtus. The first species as across the whole territory, and in most of the studied habitats and localities is a subdominant species, while the second is rare everywhere — its numbers is so strongly reduced that there is a proposal to list it in the Red List of Threatened Species of the Altai Krai. Both species are quite thermophilic and prefer meadow steppes. C. maxillosus is found in all 3 types of investigated habitats and has a strong preference to the remains of homoeothermic organisms, which it visits together with other necrobiont Coleoptera, where it eats decaying meat and hunts larvae and imago of smaller species. E. hirtus tends to well-warmed areas, which are used as pastures, because its main attractant is dung, at the same time does not ignore the carrion, but practically showing no preference to a certain type of bait. Both species are experiencing a strong anthropogenic pressure and for this reason they are absent in localities in the central part of the city of Biysk (urban ecosystems).
Assessment of the ecological state of the Maysky village reservoirs, Belgorod region, based on the analysis of morphological features of silver carp Carassius gibelio
Authors: Zheltukhina V I , Kulikova M. A. , Kolesnichenko E Yu , Manokhina L A
Published: September 2021

Currently, pollution of aquatic ecosystems of diverse nature affecting the stability of fish population growth and, consequently, the sustainability of the ecosystem as a whole, is of special concern. The most common species of the Eurasian continent is the silver carp Carassius gibelio inhabiting lakes and rivers. The study of morphological features of the species makes it possible to reveal changes in the quality of water in reservoirs caused by various environmental factors.
Prospects for using Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. for biological control of phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: Pavlov I N , Litovka Y A , Makolova P V , Timofeev A A , Litvinova E A , Enazarov R Kh
Published: September 2021

Antifungal, morphological and cultural properties of the Siberian and Abkhaz strains of the medicinal basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst were studied. A group of strains characterized by high growth rates in vitro on agar media (7.3-8.0 mm / day) and plant waste from timber processing (3.3-3.9 mm / day) was found. All strains of G. lucidum exhibited antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi; the degree of phytopathogen inhibition ranged from 10 to 58 %. Basidial rootrot fungi Heterobasidion and ascomycete fungi Bipolaris, Alternaria, Fusarium are the most sensitive to the presence of G. lucidum. The cultures most effectively limiting the phytopathogen development in the group of fast-growing Abkhaz strains (antifungal activity ranged from 21 to 58%) were identified. The high antifungal activity of strains on lignocellulosic substrates allows us to consider them as promising biocontrol agents for reducing the number, primarily, of basidial phytopathogens.
Assessment of the ecological state of rare plant species of the Lipetsk region
Authors: Petrisheva Tatyana Yu , Usacheva Irina N
Published: September 2021

Long-term monitoring has been carried out to study the species diversity and ecological state of rare species of the Lipetsk region flora. The location of 8 endangered plant species has been established; their ecological state has been studied and described. A morphological assessment of the biological state of the detected species has been carried out. A complex of factors potentially inhibiting and limiting the development of the discovered plant populations has been determined. Most of the detected rare plant species are in a depressed state, which requires additional protection measures, constant annual monitoring of the found populations and species state, as well as reduction of various types of anthropogenic impact. It is also possible to organize cultivation of some species of rare flora in artificially created conditions for further reintroduction of relict species into their natural habitats. These efforts are necessary to preserve individual plant species and ecosystem biodiversity as a whole. Based on the research, a database has been developed.
The problem of risk protection in agriculture of Ukraine
Authors: Sazonets I , Yekimov S , Nianko V , Melnyk L , Pushko R
Published: September 2021

An important specific feature of risk insurance in the agricultural business is the possibility of systemic risks, which are characterized by large amounts of loss-making for agricultural enterprises. In this case, the amount of insurance premiums received by insurers may significantly exceed the amount of their insurance payments. In our opinion, the insurance products offered by Ukrainian insurers in the field of agricultural insurance do not fully meet the needs of consumers. The main problems of Ukrainian insurance organizations providing services in the field of agricultural insurance are the low level of solvency of agricultural enterprises, as well as inflationary processes that make long-term agricultural insurance contracts concluded in the national currency of little demand. The evolutionary development of the Ukrainian insurance market for agricultural risk insurance, in our opinion, should correlate with the development of reinsurance of these risks. This will make it possible to balance the insurance portfolios of insurance companies and provide insurers with additional opportunities for their investment activities. The creation of a specialized national reinsurance company for reinsurance of agricultural risks, in our opinion, will improve the insurance coverage of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises.
Unique specialization of agricultural clusters in the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Stepanova E V
Published: September 2021

The article considers the possibilities of conducting agricultural production within the framework of cluster structures. The advantages of agricultural clusters specialization in the conditions of agriculture digitalization in Russia are highlighted. The geographical structure of the agricultural territories division in the country, taking into account the unique conditions characteristic of a particular area, is presented. The fundamental factors influencing the choice of agricultural specialization are identified: land resources, climatic conditions, availability of technologies, equipment, and staffing. The article presents examples from the implementation of the unique competitive advantages of participants operating within the framework of agricultural clusters. The implementation of the specialization principle in agricultural production made it possible to create an organic territorial cluster in the Krasnoyarsk region to increase the production of ecologically safe products in the territory of the region. The article contains the requirements for organic farming technologies, a list of regulatory documents, a list of information systems necessary for the development of a strategy for the unique specialization of the agricultural cluster in the region.
Study of physical and chemical parameters of soybean grain during storage
Authors: Tursunova Nargiza , Narziev Mirzo , Sharipov Nodirjon , Kuldosheva Firuza , Aripov Firuz
Published: September 2021

The need of the world’s population for processed products from soybeans is increasing day by day. Due to the fact that soy Dogi contains a large amount of proteins and fats, it is widely used in various fields of the national economy. Soybeans are a very important crop globally, and the demand for soybean grains and processed products is growing day by day. This article examines the changes in physical and chemical parameters during the storage of various varieties of soybeans grown in Uzbekistan.
Innovative mechanisms of agricultural insurance in post-pandemic realities
Authors: Mgeryan M A , Khoruzhy L I , Khoruzhy V I , Vasilieva M O , Romadikova V M , Ibragimova E S
Published: September 2021

Agriculture is a continuous process of agricultural production and processing of agricultural land. Accordingly, this type of activity cannot be in a mode of self-isolation. In spite of this, the Pandemic has affected both the economic activity and the financial results. This affected high-value goods, as well as value-added goods. Meat production is a case in point; demand for expensive meats will drop significantly. The result could be an increase in consumption of poultry, as it is a cheap alternative to meat. Restrictive measures taken by the government in connection with the growth of Covid-19 have affected the demand of citizens for insurance services. Many producers of agricultural services have given serious thought to the need to review their insurance policies. This article examines and analyzes the financial mechanisms of agricultural insurance under post-pandemic realities. It is the insurance mechanism that will allow agricultural producers to develop confidently and have a guarantee of minimizing financial losses in case of unforeseen situations.
Biological agents in the Khabarovsk Territory crop production
Authors: Trifonova T M
Published: September 2021

In the research course for the period from 2007 to 2020, the high biological agents’ biological efficiency in the growing black currant berry culture technologies, as well as on vegetable crops, such as tomato, cucumber, asparagus beans, eggplant, was experimentally established. The biological agents stimulating effect on the leaf surface area, the plant development phases passage rate, as well as the crop yield is noted.
Systematization and ranking of linguistic terminology of secondary dairy raw materials in its rational use
Authors: Khramtsov Andrey G , Volodin Dmitriy N , Batdyeva Olesya S , Batdyev Chingiz M
Published: September 2021

Any spontaneous or directed and controlled bioenergy effect on milk as a heterogeneous biotechnological system leads to the inevitable emergence of a fundamentally new type of dairy raw material. When producing products depending on the processing methods used: traditional, based on biotechnology (starters, enzymes) and the use of chemical reagents (acid, alkali, salt) and innovative separation methods (membrane, etc.), two large classes of lactose-containing raw materials are formed: traditional and innovative. For a number of years, this raw material has been generically called by various terms. It is known that the terminology distorting the essence of the subject often leads to negative consequences. Therefore, the name of the raw material should reflect not only the essence, but also focus on the content of valuable components that need to be used for food or feed purposes. Based on the analysis of modern terminology, the classification of dairy products proposed by academician N.N. Lipatov and Professor Z.M. Tskitishvili was chosen as the basic one. When compiling this classification, experience was used to create a classification of technological liquids as ultrafiltration objects, which reflected milk whey. It is based on the detailing of milk-protein lactose-containing raw materials, namely, one of its classes which are lactose-containing raw materials. The following is the systematization and ranking of linguistic terminology of secondary dairy raw materials in the aspect of its rational use.
Effectiveness of grassland crop rotation in the submontane area of the Republic of North Ossetia Alania
Authors: Abaev A A , Mamiev D M , Tedeeva A A , Tedeeva V V
Published: September 2021

In conditions of the submontane zone of The Republic of North Ossetia Alania the investigated cultures of grassland crop rotation made positive effect on structurally-aggregate properties of soil, water stability of soil aggregates, and also on fruitfulness and energetic potential of cultivated crops. The most favorable impact on soil structure was made by clover and winter wheat, which are having more lengthy periods of vegetation, well developed root system, ensuring the better protection of soil in autumn and spring from the destructive effect of atmospheric precipitation. Intertilled cultures had low evaluation in this context. The capacity for structure formation is more weakly expressed in potatoes. In result of research it was revealed that the soil under study has good structural condition because it contains from 52.1 to 55.8% of water-stable aggregates. It was established that the weight by volume kept changing in all cultures of crop rotation. By the end of vegetation, the tendency of increasing weight by volume has been observed practically in all variants. In general, the average soil density under all cultures has been optimal during the whole period of research. The maximum output of feed units was marked among the following options: oat + clover – 9.83 t/ha, clover – 9.49 t/ha, corn – 9.49 t/ha. The more quantity of digested protein was contained in the crop of clover, for the rest of the cultures the index was approximately at the same level. The grass rotation where the pickup of feed units and digested protein was credibly exceeding the indices of intertilled rotation, was the more fruitful (7.96 t/ha – rotation grass and 6.33 t/ha – intertilled rotation).
Productivity and quality of potato tubers depending on protective measures
Authors: Udalova E Yu , Zamyatin S A , Maksutkin S A
Published: September 2021

The article presents the most effective methods of pre-planting processing and the use of protective preparations of chemical and biological origin when processing tubers and plants during the growing season, aimed at obtaining a high yield and quality of tubers. The purpose of the research was to study the yield and product quality of early potato varieties depending on various protection systems. The task of the experiment: the effect of biological and chemical fungicides on the yield and quality of tubers during the pre-planting treatment of tubers and during the vegetation of plants. According to the results of analyzes, the best option is where potato tubers were treated with Celest Top fungicide before planting and sprayed during the growing season three times in phases 2-3 true leaves - Metaxil; budding - Ridomil and during the closing of the tops - Ordan. The use of biological preparations in potato cultivation had a positive effect on the formation of aboveground biomass, but did not contribute to the active formation of tubers. The amount of starch on average for three years varied from 15.5 to 21.7% in the Bellarosavariety, and from 17.6 to 18.0% in the Gala variety.
Ground monitoring of the dynamics of the development of fungal diseases of strawberry
Authors: Aleynikov A F
Published: September 2021

A new method of ground-based monitoring of the dynamics of the development of fungal disease of garden strawberry in the field has been substantiated using systems of tetrapolar electrodes. Research has been carried out to determine the reactive electrical resistance of strawberry leaf tissue associated with the effect of three pathogens of fungal diseases of garden strawberry.
Study of the hydrodynamic structures of opposite flows of phases during the final distillation of miscella of vegetable oil
Authors: Khabibov Fakhriddin , Narziev Mirzo , Ismoilov Khayot , Kuvvatov Khamid , Rakhmonov Shermurod
Published: September 2021

Oil production technology includes a large number of processes in its cycle, such as extraction, pressing, extraction, evaporation of miscella is one of the most complex and energy-intensive processes. Intensification and optimization of these processes, increasing the efficiency of distillation units is a very urgent task. The study of heat and mass transfer in gas-liquid streams, taking into account the hydrodynamic situation in distillation units, makes it possible to objectively assess the advantages and disadvantages of devices, contributes to more targeted developments in the field of rational design of technological units. An increase in the productivity and optimization of the distillation processes of oil miscalls can be achieved by organizing a rational structure of phase flows, which ensures the maximum gradients of temperatures, concentrations and intensification of heat and mass transfer.
Red alga Polysiphonia fucoides growing in community with Ahnfeltia plicata, its influence on the yield and quality of agar
Authors: Ignatova T A , Podkorytova A V
Published: September 2021

This article presents the results of studies on the chemical composition of Ahnfeltia plicata and Polysiphonia fucoides. The influence of the quantitative ratio of these algae in the mixture on the yield and quality indicators of agar is shown. It was found that A. plicata contains 13% more sulfated polysaccharides than P. fucoides. It was shown that an increase in the mass fraction of P. fucoides in the mixture does not affect the total and fractional yield of agar, but leads to a deterioration in its quality characteristics. Therefore, it is recommended to remove P. fucoides from the red algae mixture when collecting A.plicata red algae.
In vitro germination of amomum tsao-ko crevost & lemarié seeds
Authors: Quyet Khuat Van , Kalashnikova E A , Kirakosyan R N , Hai Nguyen Thanh
Published: September 2021

Cardamom (Amomum tsao-ko Crevost & Lemarié) belongs to the genus Amomum Roxb. (Family: Zingiberaceae), is widely used as a flavoring and spicy ingredient in many traditional Vietnamese dishes; furthermore, it is also used in many traditional Vietnamese remedies to treat digestive ailments, malaria, bad breath, tooth decay, etc. Due to the presence of hard seed coat, cardamom has low seed germination potential. Therefore the aims of the present investigation were undertaken to study the effect of different sterilization agents, mechanical scarification, and various culture media on germination parameters of cardamom seeds. From there, an efficient in vitro cardamom seed germination protocol allows for a high germination rate and provides efficient production of high-quality sterile seedlings was described. Intact seeds were removed from aril and were soaked in warm water for 8 hours before sterilization; in the next step, they were disinfected in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 minutes and rinsed 4-5 times with sterile distilled water; then, they were scarified manually by cutting 1-1.5 mm of the seed coat at the opposite site of hilum by a sterile scalpel; lastly, they were inoculated onto MS medium diluted to 1/16 concentration at 25±2°C under a 16 h-photoperiod in cool white fluorescent light (2000-2500 lux). With this procedure, on average more than 33.33% of the seeds germinated after 90 days of culture, germination mean time (GMT) is 43.98 days, and germination rate index (GRI) is 0.1917.
Regression mathematical models of the number of small mammals in the Kaluga region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Vasilevich F I , Kalmykov V V , Nikanorova A M , Koroleva E V , Grossman M F
Published: September 2021

An analytical review of mathematical model of the dynamics of the population of small mammals, feeders for ixodic ticks, is presented. Rodents are an essential link in the circulation of agents of numerous zoonoses, as a result, a constant natural nidality within a specific area is maintained. Small mammals also serve as host feeders for a number of hematophagous arthropods, which are natural reservoirs of causative agents of dangerous infections and invasions. Muroid rodents are the most numerous mammals that inhabit the territory of the Russian Federation. A combination of natural disease foci often occurs as a result of territorial convergence and the existence of common vectors and carriers in the same area. Tularemia can be combined with plague, pseudotuberculosis, listeriosis, leptospirosis, pasteurellosis, etc. Small mammals are also involved in the circulation of encephalitis virus, viral hemorrhagic fever, orthohantavirus, Lyme disease, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and many other diseases affecting animals and humans. All the above mentioned diseases require continuous monitoring of the population dynamics of small mammals within a specific natural and climatic area under study. Mathematical models of the dynamics of population of small mammals make it possible to effectively forecast outbreaks of natural focal diseases without significant financial investments. An accurate forecast will provide an opportunity to be prepared and will enable a prompt response to the epizootological situation. The purpose of the study is to develop mathematical models of the population of small mammals in the Kaluga region acting as ixodid tick host feeders, therefore making it possible to estimate the probability of outbreaks of vector-borne zoonoses. The obtained mathematical models enable the risk quantification of outbreaks of vector-borne zoonoses without incurring costs associated with field study and allow to implement competent, timely and effective preventive measures.
Influence of ultrasound and extraction conditions on the intensity of extraction of anthocyanin pigment from berry raw materials
Authors: Chesnokova N Y , Levochkina L V , Prikhod’ko Y V , Kuznetsova A A , Chebukin P A
Published: September 2021

The effect of ultrasound and extraction conditions on the degree of anthocyanin pigment extraction from berry raw materials has been studied. It has been shown that the use of ultrasound for extraction allows increasing the anthocyanin pigment yield. The ultrasound-assisted water extraction at 25°C for 30 minutes increases the yield of pigment in aqueous solution by 22 %. The increase in the ultrasound-assisted extraction temperature to 65°C reduces the extraction time down to 15 minutes. It has been shown that the use of ultrasound reduces the extraction degree in 96 % ethanol and in the ethanol/water/hydrochloric acid system and increases the amount of anthocyanin pigment into the solution containing water as an extraction agent. In this case, the use of the ultrasound-assisted extraction reduces the anthocyanin pigment extraction time to 20 minutes with the use of the 96 % ethanol as an extraction agent, and to 15 minutes in an aqueous solution. The study of the ultrasound-assisted extraction effect, as well as the frequency and power of ultrasonic vibrations on the anthocyanin pigment extraction intensity has shown that the indirect ultrasound-assisted extraction (ultrasonic bath) with the ultrasound exposure frequency of 35 kHz and the power of 80 W allows allocating the anthocyanin pigment to the fullest extent possible within 30 minutes. With the direct ultrasound exposure (ultrasonic homogenizer) with the frequency of 20 kHz and the power of 75 W, the extraction time with an aqueous solution is reduced to 15 minutes, and with 96 % ethanol - to 20 minutes.
Development and application of iron supplements, and principles of iron deficiency anemia therapy in fur farming
Authors: Balakirev N A , Maksimov V I , Deltsov A A
Published: September 2021

A key factor in the non-infectious disease of iron deficiency anemia, which slows down the growth and development of fur farming species, is metabolic disturbance of iron in the body, which leads to deprivation of condition and quality of furs. It has been shown that the use of supplements of ferrous and ferric iron leads to damage not only to the structural elements of the gastrointestinal tract, but also to other systems and organs, which is due to the fact that in the absence of oxygen in the tissues, the reduction of iron from the ferric form to the ferrous form with further transfer electrons from ferrous iron to hydrogen peroxide causes the formation of a hydroxyl radical, which launches a program for self-destruction. Several factors are proposed to solve the problem, including usage of iron supplements for oral use in fur farming - industry where they are not used enough, and conduction of research on development and study of the effect of physiologically-pharmacologically active compounds based on a polymer (iron-hydroxide polymantose) on fur animals for treatment and prevention of microelemetosis. It is being solved by the collective of the Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology of Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology by K.I. Scriabin in cooperation with research and production company LLC Firm "A-BIO" on the basis of an analysis of literary and patent sources, production technologies, pharmacological characteristics of ongoing research to develop and study the effect of physiologically and pharmacologically active compounds based on polymer (iron-hydroxide polymantose) on fur animals in the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia.
Specific features of aerobic energy exchange in crucian carp females during the spawning season
Authors: Kulachenko I V , Kulachenko V P , Kirienko A V
Published: September 2021

The article provides the study of the features of aerobic energy metabolism in female crucian carp during the spawning season based on the amount of dissolved in water oxygen consumed according to the methods suggested in fish farming with reference to weight, length and surface area of the body, condition and weight of eggs. It has been shown that aerobic energy metabolism in female crucian carp with oxygen content in the water of the fishing area of 9.5 mg/l and a water temperature of 15 °C during the spawning season is characterized by a high positive correlation of the oxygen amount consumed with the mass, length and surface area of the body, moderate - with the gonads mass and moderately negative with condition, which corresponds to the spawning season and their reproductive potential in favorable environmental conditions.
To the issue of organization of the communication system in microorganisms
Authors: Mukhamadiev B T , Sharipov M Z
Published: September 2021

The role of EMF (electromagnetic field) in biological systems is considered in a large number of works performed by various foreign scientists. The energy imparted to the EMF system by the ELF (extremely low frequency) field is much less than the energy of thermal movements. But no work discusses the issues of impulse exchange in biological systems, and first of all, between the molecules of the (flexible) γ-protein and membranes that act as a capacitor of electrical impulses. The purpose of the article is to fill this gap in science by discussing the literature data on the effect of ELF and ULF (ultra-low frequency) EMFs on biological systems, primarily, the protein envelope of the virus + the host cell membrane.
Formation of a “cold” winter of shorebirds and waterfowl in the source and upper current of the river Angara (South Baikal) and its causes
Authors: Mel’nikov Yu , Kupchinskiy A , Fialkov V
Published: September 2021

On the basis of many years of research (1972-2019), the peculiarities of the formation of “cold” wintering of near-water and waterfowl in the source and upper reaches of the Angara river are considered. Despite the fact that it has been for a very long time studied, this issue has not yet received proper coverage in the scientific literature. Until now, there are different opinions about the reasons for its formation - sometimes very controversial, which requires a more complete analysis of the available materials. We found out that the formation of wintering is associated with delays in the departure of birds that have not accumulated a sufficient amount of plastic substances necessary for the continuation of migration. Late freezing source and upper course of the Angara river (mid-January - early February) allow birds to stay for a long time. Here, due to the huge mass of water heated in summer, which increases the temperature of the surface air layer in the late autumn and early winter periods, a thermal is refugium formed. However, by the time the birds are able to continue their migration, it becomes impossible. Permanent snow cover and very low air temperatures are in the surrounding areas established, and all lake systems freeze. This thermal refugium, into which birds, delayed with flight, gradually move, becomes an ecological trap, and the “cold” wintering itself is forced.
Prospects of application in the breeding Fragaria Orientalis Los. in the conditions of permafrost
Authors: Belevtsova V I , Sorokopudov V N , Mutuzova M Kh
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the issue of interspecific hybridization in the genus Fragaria L. under the conditions of Yakutia. The species of oriental strawberry - Fragaria Orientalis Los., which formed under severe natural selection conditions and possessed high ecological adaptability to local natural and climatic conditions, was used as the main form. Revealed high frost resistance, immunity, productivity, unpretentiousness, excellent taste, and aroma of fruits of the species of interest for breeding in extreme conditions. The purpose of the research is to create local varieties of strawberries that combine a high level of productivity and quality indicators with adaptability to a complex of biotic and abiotic environmental factors. The result of interspecific hybridization of strawberries was the creation of varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits: Sadovo-Spasskaya, Bersenevskaya, Vladyka Zosima. The high stability and productivity of the variety Sadovo-Spasskaya were noted. Early ripening, high winter hardiness, and high taste are characteristic of the Bersenevskaya variety. The Vladyka Zosima variety is distinguished by an early ripening period, high productivity in the year of planting, and a long fruiting period. The result of research from 1999 to 2020. the creation of diverse seedlings with different types and periods of fruiting, yield, and weight of fruits, varied in shape and taste, runners-forming with high winter hardiness began.
Opposition in a hybrid regime: The functions of opposition parties in Burkina Faso and Uganda
Authors: Bertrand Eloïse
Published: September 2021

Despite growing interest in party politics in Africa, the activities and roles of African opposition parties are still underexplored, especially in the context of one-party-dominant ‘hybrid’ regimes where they are allowed to operate but face a myriad of constraints. In these settings, opposition parties face a common dilemma: having to participate in the regime’s institutions and protest against them at the same time. Existing frameworks fail to provide a full and accurate picture of how opposition parties can erode the incumbent’s dominance and promote regime change. This article offers a novel functional framework, drawing from comparative research in Burkina Faso and Uganda. It identifies a set of three functions that opposition parties perform within a hybrid regime: denunciation, mobilization of dissent, and succession signalling. Understanding opposition parties’ functions in a hybrid regime through this alternative framework enables us to reconcile the seemingly contradictory behaviour of opposition parties that work both within and against the status quo and to better evaluate their role in this setting.
Soviet Secrecy: Toward a Social Map of Knowledge
Authors: Siddiqi Asif
Published: September 2021

This article offers a framework to model the epistemological terrain of the circulation and regulation of knowledge in late-period Soviet society. It proposes that secrecy and openness operated in a mutually constitutive “social map of knowledge” that was constantly shifting due to the inability to maintain secrecy as a stable category. Investigating the domain of Soviet science, this article sheds light on the work of institutions such as Glavlit, the state censorship authority, which supported the state’s goal to maintain the contours of secrecy as a static category by repeatedly issuing edicts and restructuring the apparatus of secrecy in the face of constant and destabilizing social, cultural, and technological pressures. This stable but volatile condition encouraged a common language of “speaking in secret” that cut across the Soviet social order. The “social map of knowledge” was one with high peaks, where valuable knowledge was placed in the hands of those with power, even as these peaks were under intense pressure to collapse from a parallel market of speculation marked by rumor, suspicion, and conspiracy theories. This form of “stable volatility” became impossible to maintain in the 1980s, when a deluge of information flooded Soviet society.
Evaluation of the Post-COVID Patient Prior to Elective Plastic Surgery: Developing an Evidence-Based Framework
Authors: Fiala Thomas , Fernau James , Singer Robert
Published: September 2021

Preoperative assessment of a potential surgical patient has long been a cornerstone of patient safety. As more patients get, and recover from, COVID, plastic surgeons will be faced with the challenge of evaluating the health status and operative risk of convalescent COVID patients who now desire elective surgery. A significant fraction of these patients, however, can have new or persistent health issues as a result of COVID-19, which can affect surgical safety. This paper briefly examines the current relevant literature regarding the post-COVID patient, reviews the waiting period for adequate recovery, and suggests an evidence-based framework for preoperative assessment, based on the severity of the prior COVID-19 episode, ongoing symptoms, and basic screening tests.

Level of Evidence: 4
sciCNV: high-throughput paired profiling of transcriptomes and DNA copy number variations at single-cell resolution
Authors: Mahdipour-Shirayeh Ali , Erdmann Natalie , Leung-Hagesteijn Chungyee , Tiedemann Rodger E
Published: September 2021

Chromosome copy number variations (CNVs) are a near-universal feature of cancer; however, their individual effects on cellular function are often incompletely understood. Single-cell ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing (scRNA-seq) might be leveraged to reveal the function of intra-clonal CNVs; however, it cannot directly link cellular gene expression to CNVs. Here, we report a high-throughput scRNA-seq analysis pipeline that provides paired CNV profiles and transcriptomes for single cells, enabling exploration of the effects of CNVs on cellular programs. RTAM1 and -2 normalization methods are described, and are shown to improve transcriptome alignment between cells, increasing the sensitivity of scRNA-seq for CNV detection. We also report single-cell inferred chromosomal copy number variation (sciCNV), a tool for inferring single-cell CNVs from scRNA-seq at 19–46 Mb resolution. Comparison of sciCNV with existing RNA-based CNV methods reveals useful advances in sensitivity and specificity. Using sciCNV, we demonstrate that scRNA-seq can be used to examine the cellular effects of cancer CNVs. As an example, sciCNV is used to identify subclonal multiple myeloma (MM) cells with +8q22–24. Studies of the gene expression of intra-clonal MM cells with and without the CNV demonstrate that +8q22–24 upregulates MYC and MYC-target genes, messenger RNA processing and protein synthesis, which is consistent with established models. In conclusion, we provide new tools for scRNA-seq that enable paired profiling of the CNVs and transcriptomes of single cells, facilitating rapid and accurate deconstruction of the effects of cancer CNVs on cellular programming.
BioDynaMo: a modular platform for high-performance agent-based simulation
Authors: Breitwieser Lukas , Hesam Ahmad , de Montigny Jean , Vavourakis Vasileios , Iosif Alexandros , Jennings Jack , Kaiser Marcus , Manca Marco , Di Meglio Alberto , Al-Ars Zaid , Rademakers Fons , Mutlu Onur , Bauer Roman
Published: September 2021

Motivation

Agent-based modeling is an indispensable tool for studying complex biological systems. However, existing simulation platforms do not always take full advantage of modern hardware and often have a field-specific software design.

Results

We present a novel simulation platform called BioDynaMo that alleviates both of these problems. BioDynaMo features a modular and high-performance simulation engine. We demonstrate that BioDynaMo can be used to simulate use cases in: neuroscience, oncology and epidemiology. For each use case, we validate our findings with experimental data or an analytical solution. Our performance results show that BioDynaMo performs up to three orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art baselines. This improvement makes it feasible to simulate each use case with one billion agents on a single server, showcasing the potential BioDynaMo has for computational biology research.

Availability and implementation

BioDynaMo is an open-source project under the Apache 2.0 license and is available at www.biodynamo.org. Instructions to reproduce the results are available in the supplementary information.

Supplementary information

Available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5121618.
SGI: automatic clinical subgroup identification in omics datasets
Authors: Buyukozkan Mustafa , Suhre Karsten , Krumsiek Jan
Published: September 2021

The ‘Subgroup Identification’ (SGI) toolbox provides an algorithm to automatically detect clinical subgroups of samples in large-scale omics datasets. It is based on hierarchical clustering trees in combination with a specifically designed association testing and visualization framework that can process an arbitrary number of clinical parameters and outcomes in a systematic fashion. A multi-block extension allows for the simultaneous use of multiple omics datasets on the same samples. In this article, we first describe the functionality of the toolbox and then demonstrate its capabilities through application examples on a type 2 diabetes metabolomics study as well as two copy number variation datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Availability and implementation

SGI is an open-source package implemented in R. Package source codes and hands-on tutorials are available at https://github.com/krumsieklab/sgi. The QMdiab metabolomics data is included in the package and can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5904022.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Uterine cellular changes during mammalian pregnancy and the evolution of placentation
Authors: Dudley Jessica S , Murphy Christopher R , Thompson Michael B , McAllan Bronwyn M
Published: September 2021

There are many different forms of nutrient provision in viviparous (live-bearing) species. The formation of a placenta is one method where the placenta functions to transfer nutrients from mother to fetus (placentotrophy), to transfer waste from the fetus to the mother, and to perform respiratory gas exchange. Despite having the same overarching function, there are different types of placentation within placentotrophic vertebrates, and many morphological changes occur in the uterus during pregnancy to facilitate formation of the placenta. These changes are regulated in complex ways but are controlled by similar hormonal mechanisms across species. This review describes current knowledge of the morphological and molecular changes to the uterine epithelium preceding implantation among mammals. Our aim is to identify the commonalities and constraints of these cellular changes to understand the evolution of placentation in mammals and to propose directions for future research. We compare and discuss the complex modifications to the ultrastructure of uterine epithelial cells (UEC) and show that there are similarities in the changes to the cytoskeleton and gross morphology of the UEC, especially of the apical and lateral plasma membrane of the cells during the formation of a placenta in all eutherians and marsupials studied to date. We conclude that further research is needed to understand the evolution of placentation among viviparous mammals, particularly concerning the level of placental invasiveness, hormonal control, and genetic underpinnings of pregnancy in marsupial taxa.
Shareholder Voting and COVID-19: The China Experience
Authors: Xi Chao
Published: September 2021

Using state-of-the-art data-mining techniques, this research constructs a unique dataset comprising the votes cast by Chinese shareholders on 15,553 resolutions laid before 2,888 general meetings of Shanghai Stock Exchange-listed companies in the six-year period between 2015 and 2020. This research empirically depicts, for the first time, the manner in which minority shareholders exercise their rights to vote in China, presenting a counter-thesis to the conventional wisdom of shareholder passivity. In particular, this research offers a unique perspective on how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced Chinese shareholders’ voting behaviour by focusing its empirical investigation on the 76-day time window from 23 January to 7 April 2020, during which period Wuhan, the epicentre of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, came under a mandatory lockdown order. Our findings offer strong empirical evidence that Chinese shareholders cast their votes in a characteristically more informed manner in the 2020 sample period than they did during the sample periods in the previous five years. The research highlights the potential of shareholder activism in economies where share ownership is concentrated. It also has implications for the ongoing discourse on virtual shareholder meetings and the shareholder franchise.
Endothelial Poldip2 regulates sepsis-induced lung injury via Rho pathway activation
Authors: Dolmatova Elena V , Forrester Steven J , Wang Keke , Ou Ziwei , Williams Holly C , Joseph Giji , Kumar Sandeep , Valdivia Alejandra , Kowalczyk Andrew P , Qu Hongyan , Jo Hanjoong , Lassègue Bernard , Hernandes Marina S , Griendling Kathy K
Published: September 2021

Aims

Sepsis-induced lung injury is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Previously, we showed that heterozygous deletion of polymerase δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) was protective against sepsis-induced lung injury. Since endothelial barrier disruption is thought to be the main mechanism of sepsis-induced lung injury, we sought to determine if the observed protection was specifically due to the effect of reduced endothelial Poldip2.

Methods and results

Endothelial-specific Poldip2 knock-out mice (EC−/−) and their wild-type littermates (EC+/+) were injected with saline or lipopolysaccharide (18 mg/kg) to model sepsis-induced lung injury. At 18 h post-injection mice, were euthanized and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue were collected to assess leucocyte infiltration. Poldip2 EC−/− mice showed reduced lung leucocyte infiltration in BAL (0.21 ± 0.9×106 vs. 1.29 ± 1.8×106 cells/mL) and lung tissue (12.7 ± 1.8 vs. 23 ± 3.7% neutrophils of total number of cells) compared to Poldip2 EC+/+ mice. qPCR analysis of the lung tissue revealed a significantly dampened induction of inflammatory gene expression (TNFα 2.23 ± 0.39 vs. 4.15 ± 0.5-fold, IκBα 4.32 ± 1.53 vs. 8.97 ± 1.59-fold), neutrophil chemoattractant gene expression (CXCL1 68.8 ± 29.6 vs. 147 ± 25.7-fold, CXCL2 65 ± 25.6 vs. 215 ± 27.3-fold) and a marker of endothelial activation (VCAM1 1.25 ± 0.25 vs. 3.8 ± 0.38-fold) in Poldip2 EC−/− compared to Poldip2 EC+/+ lungs. An in vitro model using human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells was used to assess the effect of Poldip2 knock-down on endothelial activation and permeability. TNFα-induced endothelial permeability and VE-cadherin disruption were significantly reduced with siRNA-mediated knock-down of Poldip2 (5 ± 0.5 vs. 17.5 ± 3-fold for permeability, 1.5 ± 0.4 vs. 10.9 ± 1.3-fold for proportion of disrupted VE-cadherin). Poldip2 knock-down altered expression of Rho-GTPase-related genes, which correlated with reduced RhoA activation by TNFα (0.94 ± 0.05 vs. 1.29 ± 0.01 of relative RhoA activity) accompanied by redistribution of active-RhoA staining to the centre of the cell.

Conclusion

Poldip2 is a potent regulator of endothelial dysfunction during sepsis-induced lung injury, and its endothelium-specific inhibition may provide clinical benefit.