bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the suitability of land for organic agricultural production: Certain aspects of legal support
Authors: Novak Tamara
Published: August 2023

The idea of organic production (agriculture) is to completely abandon the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), antibiotics, pesticides, and mineral fertilizers. This increases the natural biological activity in the soil, restoring the balance of nutrients, enhancing the regenerative properties, normalizing the work of living organisms, humus growth, and results in an increase in crop yields. The result of organic production is environmentally friendly products that are free of GMOs and chemical elements that are not inherent in food products. The idea of organic farming is popular in many countries around the world, including Europe. In this regard, this article is aimed at investigating the suitability of land for organic agricultural production. This paper also has to justify the already constructed scientific provisions and provide recommendations for modernizing legislation in this area. The leading method for researching this problem addresses the gaps in the laws “On the Production and Circulation of Organic Agricultural Products and Raw Materials”, “On the Protection of Lands”, in the draft “Procedure for estimating the suitability of land (soils) and establishing zones for the production of organic products and raw materials”, and issues related to legal editing and supplementing requirements regarding land for organic production. This paper analyses the current state of legal support for estimating the suitability of land for organic agricultural production. It was found that in contrast to the previous legislation in the field of organic production, circulation, and labelling of organic products, the current Law of Ukraine No. 2496-VIII “On Fundamental Principles and Requirements for Organic Production, Circulation, and Labelling of Organic Products” dated 10.07.2018 does not prescribe an estimation of the suitability of agricultural land plots to produce organic goods. There are no requirements for such an estimation in the sub-legislation governing this sphere of public relations. As a result, the first step to regulating the estimation of agricultural land for organic production is to conduct agrochemical certification of land to be used for organic production. This element is a fundamental way to figure out the soil quality indicators. It is proposed to amend Part 5 of Art. 37 of the Law of Ukraine “On Land Protection”; Clause 3 of the Procedure for Certification of Organic Production and/or Circulation of Organic Products, approved by Resolution No. 1032 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated October 21, 2020; clauses 1.5 and 1.6 of the Procedure for maintaining the agrochemical passport of the field, land plot, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine No. 536 dated 11.10.2011. The introduced innovations will allow objectively estimating the qualitative state of such lands and will serve as a guarantee for organic crop production.
The Properties of Self-Managed Collective Housing
Authors: Blandy Sarah
Published: August 2023

This article explores the relationship between property, law and everyday life in two self-managed collective housing sites in England, a housing co-operative and a co-housing development. In each of these sites the residents are bound together by a property law framework, by their built environment and by the spaces they share and manage. The residents are developing alternative legalities, their own informal norms and non-legally enforceable rules, which are transmitted to new residents in a form of inheritance. This article offers a new perspective on sharing property and belonging to a collective, within a housing culture based on individual ownership. The argument that the concepts of kinning and inheritance can be ‘stretched’ to take account of the intangible ‘properties’ generated by intentional communities’ residents, contributes to both socio-legal studies and legal anthropology.

Cet article étudie la relation entre propriété, loi et vie quotidienne dans deux habitations en propriété collective dans l'Angleterre contemporaine : une maison coopérative et un projet de co-habitation. Dans chacun de ces sites, les résidents sont liés par une structure légale de propriété commune, de par l'environnement construit et de par les espaces qu'ils partagent et administrent ensemble. Les résidents ont développé des légalités alternatives, leurs propres normes informelles et non applicables légalement qui sont transmises aux nouveau résidents en forme d'héritage. L'article offre une approche nouvelle sur la propriété partagée et l'appartenance à un collectif, dans le cadre d'une culture du logement largement constituée sur la propriété individuelle. On y développe l'argument que les concepts de parenté et d'héritage peuvent être « étirés » pour prendre en compte les « propriétés » intangibles générées par les résidents de communautés d'intention. L'article contribue ainsi à la fois aux études socio-légales et à l'anthropologie légale.
Bilişsel Esneklik Envanterinin Sporcular için Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: YARAYAN Yunus Emre , TURHAN Muhammed Özkan , TEKKURŞUN DEMİR Gönül
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, optimal performans aralığını yakalamak adına bilişsel esnekliğin ölçümü için Dennis ve Wal (2010) tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçe uyarlama çalışması Sapmaz ve Doğan (2013) tarafından yapılan Bilişsel Esneklik Envanterinin spor ortamında geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Bu kapsamda araştırma 3 aşamalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, envanterin yapısını ortaya koymak adına açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve elde edilen yapının doğrulanması adına ikinci aşamada doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Yapısı ortaya konulan ve doğrulanan envanterin üçüncü aşamasında ise güvenirliğini belirlemek adına Cronbach Alpha katsayıları ve test tekrar test yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde, AFA analizi sonucunda envanterin orijinal envanter ile aynı yapıya sahip olduğu ve 2 faktör altında toplandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu iki faktörün varyansın yaklaşık %50,060’ını açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen yapının doğrulanması adına yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarında uyum iyiliği indeks değerleri, x2/sd(x2=473,568, sd=168)=2,81, RMSEA=0,074, SRMR=0,061, GFI=0,91, CFI=0,90 olarak belirlenmiştir. Envanterin Cronbach Alpha değerlerinin, 0,87 ile 0,91 arasında değiştiği, test tekrar test korelasyon katsayılarının incelendiğinde ise, alt boyutlar arasında pozitif yönde güçlü düzeyde ilişkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; 20 madde ve 2 alt boyuttan oluşan Sporcu Bilişsel Esneklik Envanterinin sporcular için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğu söylenebilir.
Alternative materials for sustainable road construction in Sri Lanka
Authors:   State Engineering Corporation, Sri Lanka, Kodithuwakku H.D.D.P. , Ramachandra T. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Kajavathani P. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
Published: August 2023

The current socioeconomic demand requires adequate engineering performance and environmentally friendly materials from the perspective of sustainable development. The scarcity of conventional natural resources and the severe environmental consequences of extraction have prompted research into alternative materials and resources for use in the road industry. Based on the findings of the existing studies, this research aims to explore the suitability of alternative materials for road construction projects towards sustainability in Sri Lanka. A quantitative research strategy was employed in the current study, and the questionnaire was distributed among 44 professionals involved in different types of road projects. The collected data were analysed by using Relative Important Index (RII). 84% of respondents considered alternative sustainable construction materials are highly suitable for the construction of road elements. Bituminous materials, natural soil, crushed rock and cement concrete are mostly commonly traditional materials. Construction and demolition waste (C&D), fly ash, plastic waste, and waste rubber tires were selected as the best materials for base construction, cement kiln dust waste, fly ash, glass waste, and waste rubber for sub-base and C&D waste and glass waste for sub-grade construction. Alternative sustainable materials can solve the waste disposal issue, scarcity of natural materials, and cost savings. Thus, this study presents a collective listing of the most viable alternative materials already in use by the global industry, with the goal of establishing a noble notion for better incorporation of alternative sustainable materials into road construction in Sri Lanka.
A Study on the physical and mental health issues to the neighbouring residences due to the construction projects in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Quantity Surveying, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka, Arjuna M.P. , Edirisinghe V. ,   Quantity Surveying, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka, Manoharan K. ,   Construction Technology, Wayamba University, Sri Lanka, Herath S.S. ,   Corps of Engineer Services, Sri Lanka Army, Sri Lanka
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the physical and mental health issues experienced by neighbouring residences as a result of construction projects in Sri Lanka. Specifically, it examines the impact of these projects on respiratory distress, hearing impairments, traffic congestion, lack of landscape, and flooding conditions. Additionally, the study explores the psychological effects on residents and emphasises the importance of health and safety measures in project management. Data collection involved conducting interviews with project managers, site safety officers, and a male nurse from three selected construction sites, followed by a questionnaire survey administered to 30 neighbouring residents. The study provides recommendations to mitigate adverse impacts, raise community awareness, and promote environmentally friendly practices in the construction industry. The findings enhance understanding of the health challenges faced by neighbouring residents and offer insights to policymakers and project managers to improve the well-being of affected communities.
Assessing delay claims in terms of excusability and criticality of delays in fidic based contracts
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Jayasena E. , Kulatunga U.
Published: August 2023

Assessment of delays involves complex decision making. Most standard contract forms do not provide guidelines on assessing delay claims; this is left to the professionals who at times tend to make decisions based on experience and subjective judgement. This will not always guarantee consistent decisions. Therefore, there is a need for a mechanism for assessing delay claims in construction industry. Excusability and criticality are the two elements to be considered in assessing a delay. These are governed by the conditions of contract and adopted delay analysis techniques (DATs) respectively. This paper is focused on developing a holistic approach to support the assessment of delay claims in terms of assessing the excusability and appropriateness of DATs. A mixed method approach was adopted for this study with four phases namely; literature review, desk study (based on FIDIC 1999 red book), in-depth expert interviews and a questionnaire survey. Qualitative data obtained through interviews were analysed using content analysis and questionnaire survey findings were statistically analysed. According to the findings, there are 18 major sub-clauses giving rise to excusable delays under FIDIC 1999 red book. In assessing the excusability of delays, the notice requirement, concurrency of delays and the contractor’s obligations of mitigating delays are the important aspects to be considered. In the assessment of criticality, window analysis is the most suitable DAT. However, due to the complexity of the window analysis method, as planned vs. as built method is most commonly practiced in the industry which is considered as simple but less accurate.
Assessment of design and construction related factors influencing maintainability of green roofs: a case of high-rise buildings in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Quantity Surveying, University of Vocational Technology, Sri Lanka, Kulasekara G , Mallawaarachchi BH ,   Department of Facilities Management, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Damsari AGU ,   Department of Facilities Management, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
Published: August 2023

Poor design and construction practices can significantly impact the future maintainability of green roofs in high-rise buildings. While previous studies have focused on green roof construction and design features, this research specifically evaluates the effects of design and construction related factors on maintainability of green roofs, with a focus on high-rise buildings in Sri Lanka. The study begins by reviewing literature on green roofs, their maintainability, and the design and construction factors that influence maintainability. The identified factors were used as a basis for evaluating the effects of design and construction on future maintainability of green roofs. A deductive approach is adopted within a quantitative research design, utilising a survey strategy. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 58 experienced construction professionals, while four expert interviews are conducted to gather additional insights. Data analysis techniques include the Relative Importance Index and content analysis. As derived through analysis, initial cost and roof design were identified as design-related key factors, while cost of construction and availability of machinery and materials were the construction related key factors influencing maintainability of green roofs. Accordingly, the study proposed strategies to enhance the maintainability of green roofs in Sri Lankan high-rise buildings focusing on cost effectiveness, design effectiveness and effective management of green roofs. As a main implication, this research contributes to the development of sustainable and maintainable green roofs in Sri Lanka by providing valuable insights for the construction professionals and policy makers in the country.
Big data analytics in the Sri Lankan construction industry: an assessment of the challenges and strategies
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Atapattu A.M.D.S. , Wattuhewa R.M. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Waidyasekara K.G.A.S. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Dilakshan R. ,   School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Australia
Published: August 2023

The increasing complexity of construction projects and the expansion of the construction sector has complicated the data management process by highlighting the need for proper data management tools in arranging and organising construction data. Specifically, countries with developing economies such as Sri Lanka require more advanced data management tools, since the construction sector is the backbone of their economies. In this context, this study aims to identify the challenges to the implementation of Big Data Analytics (BDA) in the Sri Lankan construction sector and the potential strategies which can be adopted in overcoming the challenges for the implementation. Accordingly, a qualitative approach was followed in achieving the aim of the study. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the existing body of knowledge related to the study area. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted for primary data collection with experts in the fields of construction and data analytics and the non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the experts for the data collection. Data were analysed using the content analysis method. Findings revealed that the requirement of large capital expenditure, resistance from industry professionals and lack of industry awareness are the major barriers to adopting BDA in the Sri Lankan construction sector. Eventually, it was revealed that conducting awareness sessions and educating the industry stakeholders will assist the strategic implementation of BDA in the Sri Lankan construction sector.
Cargotecture to minimise problems in post-disaster reconstruction projects in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Gurusinghe K.D. , Ranadewa K.A.T.O. , Parameswaran A. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Weerasooriya D. , Costa M.D.D.
Published: August 2023

Cargotecture is a sustainable housing solution that has gained popularity in recent years. However, its potential for Post Disaster Reconstruction (PDR) projects has not been fully explored locally and globally. This research aims to develop a framework to overcome the problems in the PDR projects through the implementation of cargotecture in Sri Lanka. A comprehensive literature review synthesises existing research on integrating cargotecture for PDR projects. The research adopted a mixed-method approach. A questionnaire survey was conducted with forty-five construction professionals selected through snowball sampling and data was analysed using RII analysis to identify the critical problems in PDR projects. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten experts selected through selective sampling. Code-based content analysis was used to identify problems in PDR projects and the benefits of integrating cargotecture for PDR projects. The study revealed 18 problems in PDR Projects, while high time consumption was identified as a significant problem in PDR Projects. Further, the study identified 17 benefits of integrating cargotecture for PDR projects, including reducing construction duration and modularity. The study developed a framework which offers industry practitioners significant insight into the possible use of ISO shipping containers as a sustainable and cost-effective disaster relief housing option. From an academic point of view, the study adds to the current literature on disaster relief housing by investigating the viability of employing ISO shipping containers. The study serves as the foundation for more detailed research on the social and environmental implications of employing shipping containers for disaster relief housing.
Comparison of embodied carbon estimating methods
Authors:   School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Adelaide, Australia, Rodrigo N , Perera S ,   School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Australia, Senaratne S ,   School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Australia, Jin X ,   School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Australia
Published: August 2023

The Australian building sector contributes up to 36% of carbon emissions emphasising the importance of carbon management. Embodied Carbon (EC) and Operational Carbon (OC) are classified as two main types of carbon emissions in buildings. Zero carbon projects have gained popularity nowadays where OC is reduced to zero, which enables EC to increase. The focus should have been to reduce overall emissions. The current EC estimating databases and tools could result in inaccurate EC estimates due to various reasons, such as different system boundaries, different geographical locations, lack of standardisation and so forth. To address prevailing shortfalls, a new methodology, Supply Chain based Embodied carbon Estimating Method (SCEEM), has been introduced. This study aims at comparing EC estimates prepared using SCEEM against existing carbon estimating databases/tools. A case study was selected to collect data and estimate EC using SCEEM as well as selected database, Blackbook, and tool, eToolLCD. The results indicated that the EC estimates prepared for the case study was quite high in the selected database/tool compared to the EC values of SCEEM. The percentage difference between SCEEM vs Blackbook and SCEEM vs eToolLCD, was more than 50% for most of the items within the collected data set. The first principles-based methodology considered in SCEEM ensures the accuracy and consistency of estimates prepared using SCEEM.
Conflicting situations affecting performance of construction workers at sites
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India, Biswal A. , Husam S. , Johari S.
Published: August 2023

The construction industry is labour-intensive, and any conflict involving workers affects the project's overall performance. The present study identified potential conflicting factors and assessed the relative influence of those factors on the performance of workers. A total of nine conflicting factors were identified based on relevant literature. A questionnaire survey was prepared, and responses were collected from workers by visiting four construction sites in India. The data was then analysed using descriptive statistical methods. It was found that payment delay and overworking were the most influential conflicting factors on worker performance. Inadequate resources, lack of communication, lack of education/training, time pressure, and factors related to workplace environments such as noise and dust were also identified as contributing factors to worker conflicts. In contrast, lack of safety and low-risk perception were identified as the least impactful on performance. Addressing these conflicting factors can improve worker performance and job satisfaction, improving the project's overall performance. The study's findings can serve as a guide for employers and managers to create a positive work environment and address the difficulties faced by construction workers at job sites.
Construction and demolition waste management issues in building project life cycle stages: a case of Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Victar H.C. , Waidyasekara K.G.A.S.
Published: August 2023

The construction industry is rapidly growing in Sri Lanka, leading to an increase in the amount of waste generated from building projects. This waste often ends up in landfills or is disposed of in an unorganised manner, causing environmental and health hazards. While there is a growing body of research on Construction & Demolition (C&D) Waste Management (WM) including Zero waste, there is lack of studies available on the management of WM issues according to the life cycle of building projects in Sri Lanka. Hence, this study aims to investigate the C&D WM issues in Sri Lanka according to the life cycle of building projects. The study adopts a qualitative approach that involves conducting two rounds of expert interviews following the Delphi method and using manual content analysis to analyse the collected data. According to building life cycle, WM issues are categorised as Preconstruction; Construction and Building Renovation; Use and Operate; Demolitions and Repurpose and Material Recovery and Production. The research is significant as it provides insight into the current issues of C&D WM in Sri Lanka and offers recommendations for improvement. By categorising the issues based on the different stages of the project life cycle, it becomes easier to identify where in the process the C&D WM issues are most prevalent and to develop targeted solutions to address them.
Critical assessment of the existing disaster resilience frameworks and their applicability to improve community resilience
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Fernando M.L.S.S. , Ranadewa K.A.T.O. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Kulatunga U. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Keraminiyage K.P. ,   School of Built Environment, University of Salford, UK
Published: August 2023

Disasters are inevitable and unique; however, their impact on livelihood can be minimised. Improving disaster resilience is used as one of the key approaches to minimise the impact of disasters. Several disaster resilience models were presented during the last 20 years. However, these disaster resilience models have a vast diversity and research has not been conducted to assess the connectivity of the available models and frameworks. Therefore, this study critically reviews the disaster resilience models and frameworks to identify their positive and negative aspects that support the development of community resilience. The research is following a narrative literature review methodology while using selected journal and conference papers from the last 20 years. The models and frameworks were critically reviewed using the characteristics and availability of different concepts concerning disaster resilience context. the study summarises 10 disaster resilience models and frameworks utilised in different contexts. The outcome illustrates that DROP and Regional Resilience of Process and Outcome frameworks are comprehensive based on the availability of concepts. Moreover, the Regional Resilience of Process and Outcome framework signifies the suitability of the particular framework for disaster resilience based on concepts and characteristics. This study enhances the existing level of knowledge on disaster resilience and its understanding based on diversified discussion.
A Systematic review of vertical construction project characteristics
Authors:   School of Built Environment, Massey University, New Zealand, Jayasinghe I. , Domingo N. ,   School of Built Environment, Massey University, New Zealand, Thi Hoai A.L. ,   School of Built Environment, Massey University, New Zealand, Sutrisna M. ,   School of Built Environment, Massey University, New Zealand
Published: August 2023

The construction industry is one of the key contributors to the development of any country. Depending on the orientation of the construction, it divides into two types; vertical and horizontal constructions. However, different project characteristics play a vital role in the industry as it has the power to influence the decision-making on projects. While vertical construction project characteristics are more specific, to identify the project characteristics of vertical construction and their influence on vertical construction projects, mixed method data analysis comprising science mapping and thematic analysis has been followed. The literature was searched in Scopus and made 43 articles to review, followed by a bibliometric search strategy. The keywords used for searching are “project characteristic*”, “project attribute*”, “construction” and “building*”. After an extensive literature review, different types of vertical construction projects were identified, and 21 characteristics affect the decision-making on any vertical construction. The results implied that the project characteristics are the key players in any decision-making process, delivery methods selection, risk management, disputes, cost estimation, reworks and delays. This study contributed to the research community to update their knowledge of vertical construction projects’ characteristics and for the professionals to identify their significance of them before deciding.
Exploring the facilities management education needs in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Facilities Management, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Sridarran P. , Jayakodi S. ,   Western Sydney University, Paramatta, Australia, Peiris S. ,   The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, De Silva N. ,   Department of Facilities Management, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Lai J.H.K. ,   he Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Rathnayake U. ,   Department of Facilities Management, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Dissanayake P.
Published: August 2023

Facilities Management (FM) is a multidisciplinary profession at the core of building operations management. As such, it requires a wide range of skills that differ significantly from region to region due to variable industry sizes, maturity levels, characteristics of building stocks and services, and occupant cultures. Consequently, it is essential to cultivate the necessary knowledge and skills to produce competent FM professionals to cater to the demand of the FM industry. Worldwide, various professional bodies have specified essential competencies for the FM profession. This study aims to reveal the current state of such competencies in the FM industry in Sri Lanka. Accordingly, a scrupulous literature review was conducted to identify the FM competencies. Twelve competency attributes germane to the Sri Lankan context were identified, and subsequently, a web-based questionnaire survey was conducted to analyse their importance and competence levels. The mean ratings were calculated using the received responses and were used to develop an Importance-Competence Analysis (ICA) matrix. The results indicated that ‘operations and maintenance’, ‘leadership’ and ‘technology’ are the prioritised competencies that need improvements through appropriate education and training.
From grave-to-cradle: quality assurance system for the demolition waste management
Authors:   School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia, Wijewickrama M.K.C.S. , Chileshe N. ,   Center for Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), University of South Australia, Rameezdeen R. ,   University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia, Ochoa J.J. ,   University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Published: August 2023

The recent decade has witnessed significant demolition waste (DW) due to rapid urbanisation in many economies. Transforming from the traditional linear supply chains into a circular arrangement while thinking from ‘grave-to-cradle’ is a value-adding approach to managing DW effectively. Consequently, the concept of ‘reverse logistics supply chains (RLSC)’ has captured the attention of the construction industry. However, the poor quality of re-processed products has hindered the successful adoption of RLSC in the construction industry. Therefore, this study examines aspects of the quality assurance system needed for RLSC to manage DW effectively and efficiently. The study used a qualitative approach, including 20 semi-structured interviews with internal stakeholders of the RLSC of DW. The study empirically confirmed that the RLSC of DW should embrace an integrated system for QA, including four aspects: process, people, policy, and technology. Under process for QA, standard practices are to be undertaken separately during building dismantling and off-site waste processing stages. While people in RLSC are skilful, competent, licensed, supervised and monitored, internal and external organisational policies should also be available for QA. Besides, espousing traditional practices with innovative technologies is also imperative for QA in RLSC of DW. The study makes a significant contribution by empirically proving that an integrated system of process, people, policy and technology is needed for QA in RLSC of DW. The developed quality assurance system provides useful insights for industry practitioners about the aspects that they should embrace in enforcing QA throughout the transformation from ‘grave-to-cradle’ in the construction industry.
Impact of economic decisions on building construction material prices in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Thilakshan K. , Arsecularatne B. , Sandanayake Y.G.
Published: August 2023

The economic crisis had a substantial impact on the Sri Lankan construction sector. The economic crisis was characterised by several economic problems, including currency devaluation, high inflation, and rising debt levels. Building construction materials prices have also increased drastically during the economic downturn period. These increases in the price of building materials were attributed to several economic factors including inflation rate increases, local currency devaluation and changes in government decisions and regulations, to name a few. Hence, the main aim of this research is to assess the impact of economic decisions on building construction material prices in Sri Lanka during the last 10 years. The mixed research approach was followed to achieve the aim of the study. A comprehensive literature review followed by a market survey to find building materials price data and fifteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with construction industry professionals during the empirical investigation. The collected data was analysed through materials price data analysis and code-based content analysis using NVivo. The findings revealed inflation rate, interest rate, and foreign exchange rate as the key macroeconomic factors that influence the price determination of building materials, while other economic factors and decisions also affect the building material prices in Sri Lanka. Further, this study proposed possible strategies and mitigation measures to minimise the impacts. Construction industry stakeholders can use the research findings to implement the appropriate strategies to minimise the building material price escalation impacts.
Inclusion of marginalised communities during post-disaster context in Sri Lanka: what methodology?
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Mendis A.P.K.D. , Thayaparan M. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Kaluarachchi Y. ,   Manchester School of Architecture, Chatham Building, Cavendish Street, Manchester, United Kingdom
Published: August 2023

Research methodology is a general research strategy that defines how research should be carried out. It includes a system of beliefs and philosophical assumptions that shape the understanding of the research questions and underpins the choice of research methods. Additionally, research methodology is an integral part of any research and helps to ensure consistency between chosen tools, techniques, and underlying philosophy. Therefore, this article shows the perspectives to choose the most effective methodology to increase the inclusion of marginalised communities during the post-disaster phase in Sri Lanka. A systematic literature review comprising of 61 articles adopted as the best-suited methodology for this research. The philosophical position of this research is interpretivism, whereas the abductive approach is utilised for theory development. Hence, more than one qualitative data collection method is used, and this research adopts a multi-method qualitative approach. Furthermore, case study and survey strategies are chosen as the most suitable strategies for this research. Two Grama Niladhari divisions affected by natural disasters in Sri Lanka are selected as the cases. Data collection techniques adopted in this research are literature review, structured interviews, desk study, stakeholder interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and expert validation interviews. Data analysis techniques are literature synthesis, relative importance index, stakeholder analysis, and code-based content analysis. Furthermore, the article discusses how researchers achieve the reliability and validity of research findings and ethical considerations.
Investigation of the challenges of executing sustainable construction practices in the Sri Lankan construction industry
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Wimalarathna K.B.K.R.G.G. , Fernando M.L.S.S. , Kulatunga U.
Published: August 2023

The construction industry has made a significant contribution to global environmental issues while forging an imperishable relationship with society and the economy of the country. There has been an increasing trend in the promotion of sustainable construction (SC) in the industry. The implementation of SC practices is a vital step in construction projects to reduce the adverse impacts on the environment economy and society. While numerous challenges affect sustainable construction projects, those challenges continue to obstruct the further implementation of sustainable construction practices. However, the execution of SC projects in Sri Lanka is not up to an acceptable sufficient level due to many challenges. Hence, this research focused on the investigation of the challenges of executing SC practices in Sri Lanka. A quantitative research approach was adopted for the fruitful achievement of desired objectives. A questionnaire survey was designed to collect data and targeted 30 professionals including quantity surveyors, engineers, project managers, architects and other professionals in the industry. The results of the analysis revealed the importance and the existing applicability of SC practices in Sri Lanka. However, the results show that the important SC practices in Sri Lanka do not apply to a sufficient level in the Sri Lankan industry. Lack of government support, increasing energy costs and lack of existing SC principles are the major challenges to the SC in Sri Lanka. Finally, the findings recommended further improvement of SC practices in Sri Lanka with the perspective of legal, educational, technical, and financial efforts.
Is integrated project delivery sufficient to reduce adversarialism in the UK construction industry?
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK, Aderibigbe A. , Umeokafor N. ,   Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, UK, Umar T. ,   Architecture and Built Environment, University of West England, UK
Published: August 2023

Adversarialism is an endemic feature of the construction industry, resulting in devasting effects on productivity, cost, performance and client satisfaction within the industry. This can be explained by various factors of which adversarial ‘traditional’ construction contracts is one. To reduce adversarialism and to establish sustainable construction methods and practices in the United Kingdom (UK), the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) method has been advanced as a solution. The critical review and analysis of relevant literature as well as prominent studies show that; although the use of IPD resulted in a better, healthier outcome in comparison to normal/traditional adversarial system, IPD still suffered from significant limitations, challenges and persistent barriers. These barriers thus indicate and necessitate the need for further research in determining a sufficient way in reducing adversarialism within the UK construction industry. One of the recommended empirical investigations include whether legislation has an influence on good faith towards reducing adversarialism. Another empirical investigation recommended is the premise that the barriers and challenges IPD present may likely be overcome by the implementation of statutory-backed good faith legislation, thus improving collaborative working. This paper will contribute to the wider knowledge of IPD in the industry and to improving the performance of the UK architecture, engineering and construction industry through collaborative working.
Measures to mitigate termination of construction contracts in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Laxsana S. , Abiramy S. , Fayasa A.F.
Published: August 2023

Termination of construction contracts has significant impact on the construction industry. But none of the past literature has addressed on how termination can be managed effectively specific to Sri Lankan context given the unique cultural, economic, and legal contexts of Sri Lanka. Therefore, this research aims to investigate and provide practical strategies for managing the termination of construction contracts. Initially, the literature review provided an understanding of contract termination. Subsequently, this study used qualitative approach involving case study and expert opinion. Under the case study, the documentary review was conducted that focus on fifteen terminated building projects in Sri Lanka over the past five years to understand the termination phenomenon in Sri Lankan context. Finally, an expert opinion was obtained to gain deeper understanding of the findings. The collected data was structured through manual content analysis and descriptive analysis. The study found that Western and Northern provinces of Sri Lanka have higher termination rates due to urbanisation, and economic development. Complex approval processes, and bureaucratic inefficiencies are the common reasons for contract termination in commercial and residential building projects. Public projects are more vulnerable to termination due to political considerations. Employers are more likely to terminate contracts than contractors, possibly due to financial instability and higher quality expectations. Finally, combination of mitigation strategies should be customised to minimise the risk of termination. These strategies can be implemented with modifications to fit the local context, but challenges such as lack of awareness, bureaucracy, and resistance to change may arise.
Minimising logistic cost of construction materials in the construction industry: contractor's perspective
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Jayaruwan S.M.R. , Jayasena H.S. , Weerapperuma U.S.
Published: August 2023

Construction projects involve major resource consumption, particularly in materials which can account for up to 60% of the total construction cost. Construction logistics is the integration and collaboration of several activities to plan, execute, and control the flow of physical objects from their point of origin to their point of consumption. While logistics plays a significant role in minimising material costs, the construction industry tends to pay less attention to logistic cost minimisation. This paper aims to identify construction logistic cost components and propose strategies to minimise these components on construction material cost from a contractor's perspective. Accordingly, the literature review highlighted the significance of construction materials as a resource for construction projects and the importance of material costs in total construction costs. Moreover, semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with twelve (12) experts involved in construction logistics to gather data. Both on-site and off-site experts were included in the sample. Manual content analysis was used to analyse the collected data due to its flexibility and adaptability for small sample sizes. Thirteen (13) strategies were proposed to minimise construction logistic costs on material costs, including proper knowledge of the logistic process and its cost components and implementing proper logistic cost minimisation strategies through coordination and collaboration between the head office and the site. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the construction industry's better understanding of the importance of logistic cost minimisation strategies and their potential benefits.
Status quo of digitalisation in the Sri Lankan construction industry
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Perera W.S.D. , Ranadewa K.A.T.O. , Parameswaran A. , Weerasooriya D.
Published: August 2023

The construction industry faces various issues in completing the project effectively. Numerous studies have found that the construction sector has experienced a rapid and continuous digital transformation to tackle these issues. As a result, to successfully implement Industry 4.0 applications in the Sri Lankan construction industry, it is necessary to identify the status quo of digitalisation in the Sri Lankan construction industry. Therefore, the research aims to analyse the status quo of digitalisation in the Sri Lankan construction industry. The study employs a mixed-method approach consisting of two phases. In phase one, a questionnaire survey was conducted for 50 respondents selected through snowball sampling. The collected data were analysed using SPSS. In phase two, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 experts who had knowledge of Industry 4.0 and lean construction, selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted through code-based content analysis using NVivo 10. The study indicated that the overall level of digitalisation of the construction industry is lower, while BIM (Building Information Modelling), 3D printing, and Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are the most often implemented applications. Research has made significant contributions to knowledge in identifying issues in the current construction industry in Sri Lanka and the level of implementations of Industry 4.0 applications in the construction industry to measure digital disruption in the industry. Accordingly, the research provides a path to investigate the barriers to implementing these industry 4.0 applications and strategies to eliminate those barriers to raise the construction sector's overall digitalization level.
Strategic implementation of PPP for small-scale infrastructure in Sri Lanka: a comparative analysis of alternative PPP models
Authors:   Department of Engineering and Construction, International College of Business and Technology, Sri Lanka, Guruge K. , Coomasaru P. ,   Department of Quantity Surveying, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka, Weeraman C. ,   Department of Quantity Surveying, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka
Published: August 2023

This study aims to provide a thorough comparison of Private Finance Initiative (PFI), Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), and Joint Venture (JV) models for Small-Scale Infrastructure Development (SSID) in Sri Lanka and devise innovative, tailored recommendations to maximise efficiency, effectiveness, and compatibility. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research systematically examines the key features, benefits, and limitations of PFI, BOT, and JV models in the context of SSID. A compatibility assessment is conducted, focusing on financing approaches, stakeholder engagement, and other critical success factors. The findings reveal that the BOT and JV models are superior to the PFI model due to their balanced stakeholder engagement, risk sharing, and alignment with critical success factors. Based on these insights, the study formulates novel, customised recommendations for optimising the selected model's efficiency, effectiveness, and compatibility with SSID in Sri Lanka, with the aim of informing policy and practice. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for future research exploring alternative financing models and emerging technologies in SSID, opening new avenues for innovative approaches to infrastructure development in Sri Lanka. In conclusion, this comprehensive comparison offers valuable guidance for academics, industry professionals, and policymakers seeking to enhance small-scale infrastructure development in Sri Lanka, emphasising the importance of selecting the most suitable financing model