bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New measures for assessing model equilibrium and prediction mismatch in species distribution models
Authors: Márcia Barbosa A. , Real Raimundo , Muñoz A.‐Román , Brown Jennifer A.
Published: June 2013

Models based on species distributions are widely used and serve important purposes in ecology, biogeography and conservation. Their continuous predictions of environmental suitability are commonly converted into a binary classification of predicted (or potential) presences and absences, whose accuracy is then evaluated through a number of measures that have been the subject of recent reviews. We propose four additional measures that analyse observation‐prediction mismatch from a different angle – namely, from the perspective of the predicted rather than the observed area – and add to the existing toolset of model evaluation methods. We explain how these measures can complete the view provided by the existing measures, allowing further insights into distribution model predictions. We also describe how they can be particularly useful when using models to forecast the spread of diseases or of invasive species and to predict modifications in species’ distributions under climate and land‐use change.
Product Positioning Using a Self‐Organizing Map and the Rings of Influence
Authors: Hadjinicola George C. , Charalambous Christakis , Muller Eitan
Published: June 2013

In this article, we propose a new product positioning method based on the neural network methodology of a self‐organizing map. The method incorporates the concept of rings of influence, where a firm evaluates individual consumers and decides on the intensity to pursue a consumer, based on the probability that this consumer will purchase a competing product. The method has several advantages over earlier work. First, no limitations are imposed on the number of competing products and second, the method can position multiple products in multiple market segments. Using simulations, we compare the new product positioning method with a quasi‐Newton method and find that the new method always approaches the best solution obtained by the quasi‐Newton method. The quasi‐Newton method, however, is dependent on the initial positions of the new products, with the majority of cases ending in a local optimum. Furthermore, the computational time required by the quasi‐Newton method increases exponentially, while the time required by the new method is small and remains almost unchanged, when the number of new products positioned increases. We also compute the expected utility that a firm will provide consumers by offering its products. We show that as the intensity with which a firm pursues consumers increases, the new method results in near‐optimal solutions in terms of market share, but with higher expected utility provided to consumers when compared to that obtained by a quasi‐Newton method. Thus, the new method can serve as a managerial decision‐making tool to compare the short‐term market share objective with the long‐term expected utility that a firm will provide to consumers, when it positions its products and intensifies its effort to attract consumers away from competition.
The cannabinoid receptor 1 and its role in influencing peripheral metabolism
Authors: O'Keefe L. , Simcocks A. C. , Hryciw D. H. , Mathai M. L. , McAinch A. J.
Published: June 2013

Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated the deleterious pathological effects of a dysregulated endocannabinoid system. Increased stimulation of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and subsequent downstream cellular signalling are both causative in the deleterious pathological effects observed in a number of diseases. When the CB1 cell signalling cascade is blocked, this results in whole body weight‐loss, leading to a reduction in obesity and associated co‐morbidities. In the central nervous system; however, CB1 antagonism results in adverse psychological side effects. Blockade of CB1 via peripheral acting compounds that do not cross the blood–brain barrier have been determined to have beneficial effects in metabolic tissues such as the liver and skeletal muscle. These results support the notion that peripheral blockade of CB1 using pharmacological antagonists is a viable target for the treatment of the current epidemic of obesity and its associated co‐morbidities.
Paired maxillary and smaller mandibular mouthguard for rugby player with malalignment
Authors: Takeda Tomotaka , Kajima Takaki , Nakajima Kazunori , Narimatsu Keishiro , Konno Michiyo , Hasegawa Ken , Sekiguchi Chieko , Ozawa Takamitsu , Noh Kwantae , Ishigami Keiichi
Published: June 2013

A rugby player who had frequently experienced soft tissue injuries while playing rugby and wearing a conventional custom‐made mouthguard came to the hospital clinic. The patient had suffered traumatic soft tissue injuries such as lip lacerations and bite trauma. Severe crowding due to ectopic maxillary and mandibular canines was observed. In response to the patient's request for better protection, a set of maxillary and mandibular mouthguards was designed: one covering the entire maxillary dentition and the other the mandibular front teeth only. The mouthguards were to be worn simultaneously. In this paper, we describe how these mouthguards were fabricated and discuss the results. The patient has experienced no injury to the stomatognathic system, including the lips, for five seasons since he began wearing this set of mouthguards. This new pairing of mouthguards appears to offer sufficient protection against injury, despite severe malalignment. We believe that this new type of paired maxillary and mandibular mouthguards has the potential to reduce sports‐related dental injuries.
Maxillofacial injuries and traumatic brain injury – a pilot study
Authors: Rajandram Rama Krsna , Syed Omar Syed Nabil , Rashdi Muhd Fazly Nizam , Abdul Jabar Mohd Nazimi
Published: June 2013

Background

Maxillofacial injuries comprising hard tissue as well as soft tissue injuries can be associated with traumatic brain injuries due to the impact of forces transmitted through the head and neck. To date, the role of maxillofacial injury on brain injury has not been properly documented with some saying it has a protective function on the brain while others opposing this idea.

Aim

This cross‐sectional retrospective study evaluated all patients with maxillofacial injuries. The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence and relationship of maxillofacial injuries with traumatic brain injuries.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively studied the hospital charts of all trauma patients seen at the accident and emergency department of UKM Medical Centre from November 2010 until November 2011. A detail analysis was then carried out on all patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

A total of 11294 patients were classified as trauma patients in which 176 patients had facial fractures and 292 did not have facial fractures. Middle face fractures was the most common pattern of facial fracture seen. Traumatic brain injury was present in 36.7% of maxillofacial cases. A significant association was found between facial fractures and traumatic brain injury (P < 0.05). Patient with facial fractures had a 1.5 increased risk of having a traumatic brain injury (95% CI 1.197–1.909).

Conclusion

Patients with maxillofacial injuries with or without facial fractures are at risk of acute or delayed traumatic brain injury. All patients should always have proper radiological investigations together with a proper observation and follow‐up schedule.
Serial plasma vasopressin concentration in healthy and hospitalised neonatal foals
Authors: Borchers A. , Magdesian K. G. , Schenck P. A. , Kass P. H.
Published: June 2013

Reasons for performing study

Vasopressin dysregulation occurs in critically ill human patients and in neonatal foals. Limited data about serial plasma vasopressin dynamics exist in sick neonatal foals.

Objectives

To evaluate serial plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations in sick neonatal foals.

Study design

Prospective, longitudinal clinical study.

Methods

Plasma samples were collected from 7 healthy and 26 sick foals before and after initial fluid resuscitation and 12, 24, 36, 48 and 96 h after presentation. Foals with a modified sepsis score ≥11 were considered septic.

Results

Admission AVP was increased in septic foals compared to healthy and to sick, nonseptic foals. There were no significant differences between groups on subsequent days. Nonsurvivors had higher AVP concentrations than survivors.

Conclusions

Plasma AVP concentrations are higher in septic foals on admission than in healthy and sick nonseptic foals. Higher early plasma AVP concentrations are associated with increased mortality.
Performance of turfgrass under supplemental irrigation and rain‐fed conditions in the Central Great Plains of USA
Authors: Islam M. Anowarul , Obour Augustine K. , Krall James M. , Cecil Jack T. , Nachtman Jerry J.
Published: June 2013

Identifying drought tolerant turfgrass for semiarid Central Great Plains (CGP) of Wyoming is imperative because of limited water availability for irrigation. This study evaluated the performance and quality of different turfgrass species/cultivars under irrigated and rain‐fed conditions in southeastern Wyoming. The species/cultivars evaluated in the study included Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. ‘Bandera’, ‘Common 85/80’ and ‘Midnight’), tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus [Schreb.] Dumort., formerly Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; ‘Blackwatch’, ‘Tar Heel II’ and ‘Watchdog’), buffalograss (Bouteloua dactyloides [Nutt.] J.T. Columbus; ‘Bison’, ‘Bowie’ and ‘Cody’), and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [Willd. ex Kunth] Lag. ex Griffiths; ‘Alma’, ‘Bad River’ and ‘Hachita’). The study was planted in a randomized complete block with four replicates in a factorial design. Coverage of turfgrasses used in the study was similar in both irrigated and rain‐fed conditions. In general, better performance and turf quality in terms of vigor and color were obtained in irrigated conditions compared to rain‐fed. Plant vigor and color rankings were in the order of tall fescue > Kentucky bluegrass > buffalograss > blue grama under irrigated conditions. However, plant vigor and color were superior for the warm‐season turfgrass species (buffalograss and blue grama) under rain‐fed conditions. Overall performance of the turfgrass species tested in the study was tall fescue ≥ Kentucky bluegrass > blue grama ≥ buffalograss. Tall fescue cultivars ‘Tar Heel II’ and ‘Watchdog’, blue grama cultivar ‘Bad River’, and buffalograss cultivar ‘Cody’ were among the most promising drought tolerant cultivars.
Evaluation of six methods to predict grassland net primary productivity along an altitudinal gradient in the Alxa Rangeland, Western Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Lin Huilong , Zhang Yingjun
Published: June 2013

Accurately estimating grassland net primary productivity (NPP) plays an important role in the study of global carbon budgeting. The six different methods (Miami Model, Schuur Model, Chikugo Model, Beijing Model, Synthetic Model and Classification Indices‐based Model) were compared in terms of their performance in predicting grassland NPP with NPP derived from field‐observed data at eight study sites along an altitudinal gradient in the Helan Mountain range and the surrounding desert in the Alxa Rangeland, Western Inner Mongolia, China. One hundred and twenty plot‐based NPP sets from the eight study sites were used, which were obtained from 2003 to 2005, within areas classified as alpine meadow, cold temperate‐humid montane meadow, cool temperate‐subhumid meadow steppe, cool temperate‐semiarid temperate typical steppe and cool temperate‐arid temperate zonal semi‐desert according to the Integrated Orderly Classification System of Grassland (IOCSG). The relative high model efficiency in predicting grassland NPP using the Classification Indices‐based Model and Chikugo Model indicates that these models outperform others. On the basis of input data requirements and the number of free parameters involved in each model, the Classification Indices‐based Model was found to be the best choice for the given grassland classes. The results presented in this study were not only specific to this region, but more importantly, were specific to the given grassland classes according to the IOCSG approach, which can be scaled up from plots to estimate landscape‐scale effects.
Intratympanic steroid injection for sudden sensorineural hearing loss in a patient on hemodialysis
Authors: Wu Rui‐Xin , Chen Chun‐Chi , Wang Chih‐Hung , Chen Hsin‐Chien
Published: June 2013

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is being described with increasing incidence among patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). There are no widely accepted guidelines in the medical literature for the appropriate management of this medical emergency. Administration of systemic steroids remains the mainstay of the management of SSNHL in conjunction with the supportive treatment, in this vulnerable group of patients, as well. However, encouraged by the evolving evidence on the efficacy of the intratympanic steroid injections (ITSI) in the treatment of SSNHL among patients without renal disease—we successfully treated SSNHL in an elderly diabetic with sepsis due to bilateral pneumonitis undergoing regular HD treatment with multiple ITSI and antibiotics resulting in complete recovery of hearing function within 3 months of onset of the first symptoms.
Collective Bargaining and Faculty Job Satisfaction
Authors: Krieg John M. , Wassell Charles S. , Hedrick David W. , Henson Steven E.
Published: June 2013

Estimates of the impact of union membership on job satisfaction suffer from nonrandom self‐selection of employees into unions. In this paper, we circumvent this problem by examining the impact on satisfaction of collective bargaining representation, rather than of union membership. We use a two‐stage technique that controls for nonrandom selection of faculty into institutions, and apply that to a panel of faculty at repeatedly observed four‐year universities. We find that bargaining agreements increase satisfaction with compensation but reduce satisfaction with faculty workload. Bargaining has no statistically measurable impact on overall job satisfaction or on faculty's satisfaction with their authority to make decisions regarding their instructional duties.
Sidney and Beatrice Webb's Institutional Theory of Labor Markets and Wage Determination
Authors: Kaufman Bruce E.
Published: June 2013

Sydney andBeatriceWebb were among the most influential institutional labor economists of the pre‐WorldWarIIperiod yet this portion of their work has fallen out of sight for more than a half‐century. This paper reconstructs theWebbs' theory of labor markets and wage determination and explains how it differs from the rival neoclassical labor theory ofAlfredMarshall. Key institutional components of their theory are developed, such as rent theory, institutional pyramid, chain of bargains, inequality of bargaining power, unemployed residuum, and common rule. TheWebbs' theory is then used to explain the operation of labor markets and why in the absence of regulation they generate numerous social problems, including widespread poverty wages, excessive work hours and injuries, substantial unemployment, and human capital exploitation. Also described is the set of labor policies theWebbs advocate to solve these problems. Implications for modern labor theory and policy are developed.
Severe retinopathy of prematurity with retinal detachment in monozygotic twins
Authors: Fujioka Kazumichi , Morioka Ichiro , Honda Shigeru , Tsukahara Yasutomo , Miwa Akihiro , Shibata Akio , Tanimura Kenji , Yokoyama Naoki , Yamada Hideto , Iijima Kazumoto
Published: June 2013

We report a monochorionic diamniotic twin pair born at 29 weeks of gestation in which both twins developed severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with retinal detachment. The pregnancy was terminated due to reversal of donor‐recipient phenotypes in possible TTTS. Both twins had unstable cardiopulmonary status during the first week, and developed chronic lung disease. The larger twin, born at 1372 g, developed stage 4a ROP in both eyes, and the smaller twin, born at 1168 g, developed stage 4a ROP in the left eye. Genetic analysis of NDP, FZD4, LRP5, TSPAN12 genes revealed no mutations; however, VEGF gene polymorphism analysis showed heterozygous carrier state of the VEGF 936T allele in both twins, which is a risk factor for threshold ROP in Japanese newborn infants. We speculate the synergistic effects of unstable perinatal cardiopulmonary status and genetic predisposition due to VEGF 936C>T polymorphism caused the development of severe ROP with retinal detachment.
Hairy polyp can be lethal even when small in size
Authors: Koike Yuhki , Uchida Keiichi , Inoue Mikihiro , Ohtsu Kazuya , Tanaka Takaaki , Otake Kohei , Tanaka Koji , Kusunoki Masato
Published: June 2013

A case of sudden cardiopulmonary arrest in a 3‐month‐old girl is presented. The patient had barely recovered from hypoxic encephalopathy when she presented with repeated respiratory distress. Computed tomography and endoscopic analysis revealed a shiny polyp in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, and this polyp was suspected to be the main cause of respiratory distress. After referral to our hospital, surgical removal was performed, and the histopathological diagnosis was hairy polyp. Hairy polyp is a rare congenital benign tumor that sometimes induces respiratory distress. This polyp can potentially induce a life‐threatening event. In a systematic review of 40 reported cases, polyps of ≤3.0 cm in diameter have a higher risk of respiratory distress than do those >3.0 cm in diameter (P = 0.01). Small hairy polyps may be lethal because of delayed diagnosis. To locate small hairy polyps, physicians should not hesitate to perform further examination because there is the possibility of oversight with only physical examination.
Union Membership and Job‐Related Training: Incidence, Transferability, and Efficacy
Authors: Waddoups C. Jeffrey
Published: June 2013

This study examines the relationship between union membership and (i) the incidence of training, (ii) the degree to which training is transferable to firms other than the one providing the training and (iii) the degree to which workers perceive that training improves job performance. Using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, I find that union members are more likely to receive employer‐sponsored training than their non‐union counterparts. I also find that male union members are more likely than non‐members to report that training improved job performance. Union membership was not related to transferability of skills between employers.
Squamous‐Cell Carcinoma Treated by Mohs' Surgery
Authors: ROBINS PERRY , DZUBOW LEONARD M. , RIGEL DARRELL S.
Published: June 2013

From their experience in treating squamous‐cell carcinomas by microscopically controlled surgery, the authors found that such lesions in men, particularly in young men, on the extremities and of sizes larger than 5 cm or requiring more than four stages of excision had highest recurrence rates. They recommend one more stage of excision beyond an apparent plane free of malignancy as an insurance in selected cases.
Spontaneous Regression of a Giant Keratoacanthoma
Authors: WOLINSKY STEVEN , SILVERS DAVID N. , KOHN STEVEN R. , SANDERS SAUL L. , HERMAN ERIC W.
Published: June 2013

An 84‐year‐old woman developed a keratoacanthoma on the dorsum of her left hand. Photographic documentation of spontaneous resolution of the lesion over a period of eight months is presented. Biopsy of the site of the resolving lesion revealed extensive scarring and granulomatous inflammation.
A Supernumerary Nipple in a Rare Site.
Authors: BARUCHIN A. , ROSENBERG L.
Published: June 2013

A rare case of a supernumerary nipple in the skin over a scapula of a young woman is presented. Theories of embryogenesis are briefly discussed.
Solar Cheilitis
Authors: CATALDO EDMUND , DOKU H. CHRIS
Published: June 2013

Solar cheilitis is a pre malignant lesion seen predominantly on the vermilion of the lower lip in light‐complexioned, middle‐aged men who have spent considerable time outdoors. The lesions most likely to be dysplastic or neoplastic are those with heavy keratinization, erosion, ulceration, and erythema. Lips with any of these changes should be biopsied. The most common therapeutic modality is surgical excision of the affected area of vermilion. Well‐planned and well‐executed procedures provide good functional and cosmetic results.
Modern Studies and Concepts of Leukoplakia in the Mouth
Authors: SHKLAR GERALD
Published: June 2013

A current approach to oral leukoplakia is presented based upon recent research in experimental pathology, histochemistry, and ultrastructural pathology.
Anaplastic Carcinoma in the Buccal Pouches of Hamsters as a Model of Oral Cancer
Authors: MENG CHING‐LIANG , ALBRIGHT JOHN , SHKLAR GERALD
Published: June 2013

An anaplastic model of oral cancer has been developed by abdominal transplantation of carcinomas induced in buccal pouches of hamsters by DMBA. The transplanted tumors were replanted abdominally through five generations. The original carcinomas of the buccal pouch became stable in the abdomen after two generations of such transplantations and could thereafter be retransplanted intraperitoneally with 100% of success, as well as being transferable again to the buccal pouches of hamsters, where they were capable of being maintained as an oral model for anaplastic epidermoid carcinoma.
Correction by a Flap of Suprahyoid Fat of a “Witch's Chin” Caused by a Submental Retracting Scar
Authors: FIELD LAWRENCE M.
Published: June 2013

A patient with a submental retracting scar from trauma had an exaggerated “witch's chin.” Resection of the scar followed by advancement of a flap of suprahyoid fat and removal of some excess skin gave an excellent result.
Hyperbaric Oxygen in the Management of Pressure Sores in Patients with Injuries to the Spinal Cord
Authors: ELTORAI I.
Published: June 2013

The role of oxygen in wound healing is discussed, especially the healing of pressure sores, which are considered as ischemic ulcers. From the author's experience with 521 flap closures, 27 flaps had compromised circulation and 20 of these could be resuscitated almost totally by treatment with hyperbaric oxygen within 24 hours after surgery. The author emphasizes that this modality of treatment should be considered when a skin flap is in danger of ischemia during surgery for pressure sores.
Liquid‐Crystal Thermography in Determining the Lateral Extents of Basal‐Cell Carcinomas
Authors: RATZ JOHN LOUIS , BAILIN PHILIP L.
Published: June 2013

Liquid‐crystal thermography is a rapid, noninvasive, inexpensive method for determining the lateral extents of certain cutaneous malignancies. This report describes the technique as it is applied to basal‐cell carcinomas. Results indicate that it is useful for neoplasms of moderate to heavy cellular density but little help in outlining neoplasms of low cellular density like morpheaform basal‐cell carcinomas.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: LAMBERTY B. G. H.
Published: June 2013

An unusual case of pyoderma gangrenosum is reported that was not associated with any of the diseases it usually accompanies. Awareness of the rare possibility of pyoderma gangrenosum sui generis and the institution of adrenocorticosteroid therapy at an early stage of its development reduces morbidity.
Bilateral Advancement‐Rotation Flaps of Mucosa for Reconstruction of a Lip Following Extensive Excision of Vermilion and Subjacent Tissue in Ablation of a Squamous‐Cell Carcinoma
Authors: FIELD LAWRENCE M.
Published: June 2013

The technique of a modified, but still conservative, method of reconstructing a lip is described in a case of ablation of a squamous‐cell carcinoma that required complete removal of the vermilion and very extensive excision of subjacent tissue in the center of the lip anteriorly and posteriorly. Bilateral flaps of mucous membrane had to be advanced and rotated to cover the defect. The functional and cosmetic result was excellent in a short time.
On History‐Taking before Surgery
Authors: GROSS DANIEL A.
Published: June 2013

History‐taking is discussed with particular reference to cutaneous surgery. Systematic questioning with regard to general health, established and potential allergies, medicaments currently being taken, and miscellaneous relevant matters is important to the planning, execution, and outcome of surgical procedures.
Nerve Block Anesthesia for Hair Transplantation
Authors: FRANKEL EDWARD B.
Published: June 2013

A technique of preliminary nerve block anesthesia for hair transplantation that increases patient comfort by reducing pain and makes hair transplantation a more easily tolerated procedure as compared to local anesthesia alone is described.
Malignant Melanoma of the Oral Cavity
Authors: CHIMENTI SERGIO , CALVIERI STEFANO , RIBUFFO MARCELLA
Published: June 2013

The authors recount three cases of malignant melanomas in the oral cavity. The first was classified as malignant melanoma in situ, pagetoid type; the second as malignant melanoma, dendritic type; and the third as nodular malignant melanoma. These cases led the authors to compare the histopathologic features of malignant melanomas of the oral cavity with those of malignant melanomas of the skin and, finding them much the same, to advise early biopsies of all pigmented lesions in the oral cavity.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia. A Report of Two Cases
Authors: BALER G. ROBERT
Published: June 2013

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is a benign vascular neoplasm characterized by marked proliferation of large endothelial cells and an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophiles. The condition must be differentiated from malignant vascular tumors and from several other benign conditions. Although lesions may be ablated by several means of treatment, there is a tendency to recurrence, but, even untreated, there is a tendency to eventual spontaneous regression.
Lymphangiosarcoma after Filarial Infection
Authors: SORDILLO EMILIA MIA , SORDILLO PETER P. , HAJDU STEVEN I. , GOOD ROBERT A.
Published: June 2013

A case of lymphangiosarcoma of a lower extremity is described in a patient with chronic lymphedema of that leg from a filarial infection in childhood. Histologically, the neoplasm resembled lymphangiosarcomas that arise in arms that become lymphedematous after mastectomies, but was different in that it also contained areas of calcification consistent with prior filarial infection. Calcifications were also present in muscle uninvolved by the lymphangiosarcoma of this case. The prolonged survival of this patient is unlike that of most patients with lymphangiosarcoma, which is generally shorter. Although lymphedema after filariasis is common, this is the first case of a lymphangiosarcoma arising in chronic lymphedema of filarial origin.
Pedicled Flaps from the Forehead
Authors: VANNIEUWENHUYSE JEAN BERNARD , DUFLOS MAXIME
Published: June 2013

Pedicled flaps from the forehead are very useful for covering defects on the nose. A flap from a lateral or the medial part of the forehead can be designed according to the size and site of the defect on the nose. Flaps may even be used to repair full‐thickness defects in the nose by grafting skin on their inner surfaces. Such techniques are briefly described step by step.
Regeneration of Axillary Hairs after Plucking
Authors: INABA MASUMI , McKINSTRY CHIEKO T. , UMEZAWA FUMIHIKO
Published: June 2013

Studies on the regeneration of axillary hairs after plucking are described. Regeneration of axillary hairs after plucking was recognized as originating in a special region of the upper isthmus of the hair apparatus, from which point solid pegs of epithelial cells grow downward and form inner root sheaths. New hairs form in their centers. At this stage, the lower parts of the hair follicles descend while the new hairs grow from the centers of the pegs by vigorous mitosis of germinal cells. Eventually, the epithelial cells wrap around masses of mesenchymal cells and form new bulbs from which hair shafts grow upward. The new matrices acquire new complements of functioning melanocytes.
Correlation of Thicknesses of Superficial Spreading Malignant Melanomas and Ages of Patients
Authors: LEVINE JEFFREY , KOPF ALFRED W. , RIGEL DARRELL S. , BART ROBERT S. , HENNESSEY PATRICK , FRIEDMAN ROBERT J. , MINTZIS MEDWIN M.
Published: June 2013

In a prospective study of 455 consecutive patients with superficial spreading malignant melanomas entered into the data base of the Melanoma Cooperative Group of New York University Medical Center, it was found by linear‐regression analysis that there is a statistically significant (p = 0.005) positive correlation between the ages of the patients and the thicknesses of their lesions. Although the reasons for the correlation between ages and thicknesses are not certain, several possible explanations were considered, namely: (1) the greater prevalence of superficial spreading malignant melanomas in the aged on the lower limbs where thicker lesions were present in our patients, (2) the altered skin of the elderly, which may favor deeper penetration by these neoplasms, (3) impaired immunologic responses in the aged, (4) the delay in diagnosis of malignant melanomas in the elderly because of obscuration of them by numerous benign pigmented lesions that frequently develop with aging, and (5) lesser concern of the elderly with their physical appearances in particular and medical problems in general.
Mucoid Cysts of the Fingers. Differential Diagnosis, Ultrastructure, and Surgical Treatment
Authors: ARMIJO M.
Published: June 2013

The title “digital mucoid cyst” is generic and encompasses cutaneous myxomas, which are focal intradermic mucinoses that are at times cystic, and ganglia, which are subcutaneous teno‐arthro‐synovial “hernias.” A large myxoma over the second and third phalanges of the middle finger of the left hand is reported that caused progressive functional incapacity. It was managed by surgery, the technique of which is described. The need to differentiate cutaneous myxomas from ganglia is emphasized because the treatment of them is different.
A Pleomorphic Lipoma in the Scalp
Authors: BRYANT JAMES
Published: June 2013

The pleomorphic lipoma is a benign neoplasm of lipocytes with atypical histologic features. The tumor shows a predilection for the region of the neck and shoulders of middle‐aged and elderly men and must be differentiated from similar‐appearing malignant entities such as liposarcoma and malignant myxoid fibrous histiocytoma. An occurrence of a pleomorphic lipoma in the scalp is reported and its histologic features described and discussed.
Special Surgical Techniques for Relief of Phimosis
Authors: OHJIMI TOSHIHIDE , OHJIMI HIROYUKI
Published: June 2013

Almost one‐half of the population of adolescent and adult Japanese males suffers from some degree of phimosis, i.e., the condition in which the prepuce is too long or too tightly covers the glans penis and causes complications. This condition makes local hygiene difficult, promotes secondary infection and purulence, retards maturation of the penis, and leads to sexual dysfunction that is psychologically and maritally distressing. Circumcision shortly after birth is not ordinarily practiced in Japan, and when relief of phimosis and its complications is attempted later in life by the conventional technique of circumcision or by limited operations like dorsal slit of the prepuce or incision of the frenulum of the prepuce, the condition and its related problems are not readily or always satisfactorily corrected. Consequently, new surgical techniques have been devised and are practiced at the Ohjimi Clinic for the relief of phimosis, especially for the sexual dysfunction that results from it.
Morpheaform Basal‐Cell Epitheliomas
Authors: SALASCHE STUART J. , AMONETTE REX A.
Published: June 2013

A series of morpheaform basal‐cell epitheliomas was studied to determine their subclinical extensions beyond poorly delineated clinical borders. Findings and recommendations for therapy are discussed.
Metastatic Basal‐Cell Carcinoma
Authors: AMONETTE REX A. , SALASCHE STUART J. , CHESNEY THOMAS McC. , CLARENDON COLIN C. D. , DILAWARI RAZA A.
Published: June 2013

Metastatic basal‐cell carcinoma is a rare entity, and for that reason a patient with local and distant metastases from a basal‐cell carcinoma is reported. The literature is reviewed and problems of surgical management are discussed.
Darier's Disease Associated with Cutaneous Malignancies
Authors: LATOUR DANA L. , AMONETTE REX A. , BALE GEORGE F.
Published: June 2013

There have been no reports of cutaneous malignancies arising in lesions of patients with Darier's disease. Two such cases are herewith reported, one a carcinoma of adnexal origin, and the other of several basal‐cell carcinomata. Possible predisposing factors are briefly discussed and speculated upon.
Fine Tuning of the Skin Edges in the Closure of Surgical Wounds
Authors: PERRY ARTHUR W. , McSHANE RICHARD H.
Published: June 2013

A primary objective in closure of surgical wounds is accurate apposition of epithelial edges in a manner that will return the tissues to as near normal a condition as possible. This article describes types of suture techniques that enable the surgeon to control the tendency of wound edges to either invert or evert. Accurate approximations and esthetically pleasing results are reached by using the appropriate pass of the needle and path of the suture to control tendencies to inversion and eversion.
Predicting Hair Growth for Hair Transplantations
Authors: NORWOOD O'TAR T.
Published: June 2013

Even with proper surgical technique and no complications, some individuals do not seem to grow transplanted hair as well as others. In order to see if it is possible to identify such individuals prior to surgery and the reasons for their peculiarity, 130 consecutive new patients were slated for study and 100 were eventually available for study with special reference to twelve likely factors. Of the twelve, five, namely, looseness of scalp, thickness of scalp, density of transplanted hair, quality of grafts, and scarring, were found to have predictive value in foretelling eventual quantity of hair growth.
Microbial Findings in Cancers of the Breast and in Their Metastases to the Skin
Authors: CANTWELL ALAN R. , KELSO DAN W.
Published: June 2013

In four cases of carcinoma of the breast, variably acid‐fast coccoid forms were found in sections from their metastases to the skin and in one of these cases in sections of the primary carcinoma. In this one case, similar‐appearing coccoid forms were obsened within the sections of the primary malignancy. In this same case, Staphylococcus epidermidis was cultured and studied at once and as it aged for development of forms comparable to those found in the microscopic sections of the neoplastic process. The implications of the findings for etiology of carcinoma of the breast are discussed.
Surgical Treatment of Severe Acne Conglobata
Authors: WEINRAUCH LOUIS , PELED ISAAC , HACHAM‐ZADEH SHOSHANA , WEXLER MENACHEM R.
Published: June 2013

Surgical treatment of severe acne conglobata requires extensive excision of full thickness of involved skin and coverage with split‐thickness grafts of healthy skin. This was done with good functional and acceptable cosmetic success in a desperate patient who had suffered from the disease for a decade.
Large, Aggressive Basal‐Cell Carcinomas of the Scalp
Authors: BINSTOCK JEFFREY H. , STEGMAN SAMUEL J. , TROMOVITCH THEODORE A.
Published: June 2013

Large, aggressive basal‐cell carcinomas of the scalp in young adults are widely and deeply invasive, and may be fatal for those reasons or because of metastatic spread. Five cases are presented that were treated by microscopically controlled excision (Mohs' fresh‐tissue technique) after other methods of management had failed. The salient features of these cases and 17 similar cases from the literature are compared with those of basal‐cell carcinomas in general.
Management of a Case of Chronic Radiodermatitis on the Forehead
Authors: FIELD LAWRENCE M.
Published: June 2013

An area of radiodermatitis was excised from the forehead area, repaired with an advancement‐rotation flap, and followed by elevation of the ipsilateral brow to restore symmetry.
Augmentation of Muscular Wasting in the Hand from Leprosy
Authors: HARAHAP MARWALI
Published: June 2013

One of the stigmata of leprosy in the hand is muscular wasting between the metacarpals of the thumb and index finger. Such a deformity, which may rarely arise for other neuropathic reasons, may pass unnoticed in places where leprosy is not endemic, but is obvious to all in places where leprosy is still common, and undesirably stamps afflicted persons as lepers even if the disease is arrested. A surgical technique is described in which a buried dermal graft is used for augmentation of the depression of that muscular wasting between thumb and index finger.
Histologic Observations on the Increase in Density of Axillary Hair during Adolescence
Authors: INABA MASUMI , McKINSTRY CHEIKO , EZAKI TETSUO
Published: June 2013

When vellus hairs are replaced by coarse hairs, the density of hair is increased. Histologic studies of the process in the axillae by which this replacement and increase in density occur were done. The methods are described, findings recorded, and conclusions stated.
Distant, Late Metastases to Skin of Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: PELED ISAAC J. , OKON ELI , WESCHLER ZEEV , WEXLER MENACHEM R.
Published: June 2013

Three cases of late, distant metastases to the skin of cancer of the breast and a review of the literature are presented.
The Use of Kite Flaps to Prevent Displacements of Eyebrows
Authors: HARAHAP MARWALI
Published: June 2013

Displacements of eyebrows, with or without loss of tissue, attract attention because of their prominent sites. The kite flap is a useful surgical technique to cover a cutaneous defect adjacent to an eyebrow when closure of a wide fusiform excision by straight‐line suturing may displace the eyebrow. Excisions of cutaneous lesions close to eyebrows and reconstructions by kite flaps are described and illustrated.
Late Effects of X‐Ray Treatment of Warts
Authors: VEIEN N. K. , NØRHOLM A. , HATTEL T. , JUSTESEN O.
Published: June 2013

Five to 22 years after warts on hands and feet were treated by X ray, 1122 patients with a total of 3675 warts were re‐examined. X‐Ray therapy had been given as one dose of 3000 r using 29 kV with a 0.3‐mm Al filter; 19% of the warts had been given two treatments. Sequelae were seen in 4.8% of the sites where warts had been given one X‐ray treatment and in 12.2% of the sites after two treatments. These side effects include hyperkeratosis in the pressure areas of palms and soles and atrophy primarily in areas with a thin cutis. There was no evidence of malignant transformation in any treatment site, and there were no deep‐seated side effects such as ostitis or tendinitis.
Melanonychia Striata Longitudinalis
Authors: KOUSKOUKIS CONSTANTINE E. , SCHER RICHARD K. , HATCHER VIRGIL A.
Published: June 2013

Melanonychia striata longitudinalis is a pigmented (dark brown–tan–black) band running in the long axis of the nail. This abnormal color of the nail plate is caused by a focal increase of melanin because of increased number and/or function of normal or abnormal melanocytes in the nail matrix. Pigmented streaks in nails due to melanocytic hyperplasia are said to be so exceedingly common in black persons as to be normal and the phenomenon is benign in the majority of cases. In our white patient reported here the pigmentation is due to epithelial hyperpigmentation without melanocytic hyperplasia or evidence of malignancy, hormonal abnormality, or other adventitious influence.
Werner's Syndrome as a Cause of Chronic Leg Ulcers
Authors: STERNBERG NATHAN , GOLAN JACOB , STERNBERG IDO , BEN‐HUR NAHUM
Published: June 2013

Werner's syndrome is believed to be an autosomal‐recessive inherited disorder. Among other manifestations of premature aging, patients with Werner's syndrome frequently develop chronic leg ulcers that heal poorly. We present a patient who suffered from this rare syndrome and developed typical leg ulcers. We wish to alert physicians to this syndrome so that its attendant problems can be considered when treatments are being planned for patients with chronic leg ulcers.
Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma Resulting from a Tattoo
Authors: ZINBERG MORTON , HEILMAN EDWARD , GLICKMAN FRANKLIN
Published: June 2013

A man developed nodules within the red areas of his tattoo. Biopsy revealed a lympho‐histiocytic infiltrate consistent with a diagnosis of pseudolymphoma. This is only the second report in the literature of pseudolymphoma arising in a tattoo. Other causes of pseudolymphoma are reviewed.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia. The Disease and a Comparison of Treatment Modalities
Authors: BAUM ERIC W. , SAMS W. MITCHELL , MONHEIT GARY D.
Published: June 2013

The clinical manifestations, histology, ultrastructure, and etiology of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia are presented. The relationship to Kimura's disease and pseudopyogenic granuloma is discussed. A comparison of therapeutic modalities is presented and the authors conclude that deep surgical excision is the procedure of choice.
An Easy Method for Removal of Syringoma
Authors: MALONEY MARY E.
Published: June 2013

Syringomas pose a cosmetic problem in some patients. In the past, surgical removal of large portions of the lower lid or electrodesiccation have been the usual methods of removal. This report describes a technique for individual excision of these tumors that is easily performed as an office procedure using a pair of fine ophthalmologic spring‐action scissors and gives excellent cosmetic results.
Ultrasonic Assessment of Cutaneous Atrophy Caused by Intradermal Corticosteroids
Authors: GOMEZ EDWARD C. , BERMAN BRIAN , MILLER DAVID L.
Published: June 2013

A noninvasive technique of pulsed ultrasound was used to determine the long‐term changes in skin thickness resulting from intradermal injections of triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Injections of 0.1 ml of either saline or a suspension containing 5 mg/ml or 10 mg/ml of TA were made at selected sites on the forearms of two human volunteers. The corticosteroid‐treated sites showed a maximal decrease of 30% to 40% of the original skin thickness at 4 to 8 weeks after a single injection. A transient thinning was observed at control sites injected with saline. A greater degree of thinning was seen at the site injected with 10 mg/ml of TA as compared to the site injected with 5 mg/ml of TA. The thinning at the corticosteroid injection sites persisted at least 18 weeks after the single corticosteroid injection but had approached normal thickness values by 44 weeks following treatment. Pulsed ultrasound may be useful as a noninvasive technique for monitoring the effects of intradermally injected corticosteroids on human skin thickness and may also be useful in assessing intrinsic atrophogenic potentials of different corticosteroid molecules in human skin and the duration of action of various injectable formulations of a corticosteroid.
Squamous‐Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Lip
Authors: KNABEL MARK R. , DA FRANK C. KORAN , PANJE WILLIAM R. , GRANDE DONALD J.
Published: June 2013

Squamous‐cell carcinoma involving the upper lip grows more rapidly and is more difficult to control than squamous‐cell carcinoma of the lower lip. The lesion usually is histologically more undifferentiated than squamous‐cell carcinoma of the lower lip and metastases develop earlier. A case report of a patient with a squamous‐cell carcinoma in an upper lip with regional metastases is presented and illustrated.
Therapy for Superficial Telangiectasias of the Lower Extremities
Authors: SHIELDS JUSTIN L. , JANSEN G. THOMAS
Published: June 2013

A practical treatment for superficial telangiectasias of the lower extremities is described that is a modification of sclerotherapy commonly used for the treatment of varicose veins. The key to our technique lies in the use of 32‐gauge needles and precise injection of small amounts of sodium tetradecyl sulfate as sclerosant. The cosemtic results of our method are good and our patients are appreciative.
A Review of the Lymphatic Drainage of the Head and Neck: Use in Evaluation of Potential Metastases
Authors: ASARCH RICHARD G.
Published: June 2013

Squamous‐cell carcinomas differ in their ability to metastasize depending on their location and etiology. Since the majority of squamous‐cell carcinomas occur on the head and neck, a thorough understanding of the lymphatic system in these areas is essential in the early detection and treatment of metastatic disease.
Combination of Topical 5‐Fluorouracil with Cryotherapy for Treatment of Actinic Keratoses
Authors: ABADIR DALE M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. A method which achieves the desirable results of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) therapy, but shortens the duration of treatment is described. Existing actinic keratoses are first identified by use of 5‐FU. Liquid nitrogen spray is then used to freeze the involved sites.
Meshed Skin Grafts Versus Sheet Skin Grafts on a Contaminated Bed
Authors: NAPPI JAMES F. , FALCONE ROBERT E. , RUBERG ROBERT L.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. An experimental model was designed to test the premise that meshed skin grafts survive better than sheet grafts on contaminated wounds. In this rat model, meshing of grafts significantly improved graft take, and expansion of the mesh led to an even greater improvement. The results of this study indicate a need for further investigation of this technique in the management of contaminated wounds.
Revision of a Depressed Scar
Authors: HARAHAP MARWALI
Published: June 2013

Abstract Depressed scars are usually disagreeably conspicuous on the face and neck. There is frequent demand for correction, and several methods of correction are reviewed. Two cases are presented, and the technique of operative correction is described and illustrated.
Carbon Dioxide Laser Treatment of Granuloma Faciale
Authors: WHEELAND RONALD G. , ASHLEY JOHN R. , SMITH DOUGLAS A. , ELLIS DARREL L. , WHEELAND DALE N.
Published: June 2013

Abstract The successful employment of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser vaporization in the treatment of granuloma faciale is described.
Decreased Risk of Subsequent Primary Noncutaneous Malignancies among Patients with Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: WAGNER RICHARD F. , PELLEGRINI JAMES R. , DELZELL ELIZABETH
Published: June 2013

Abstract It is established in the clinical literature that patients who develop specific types of malignancies are at an increased statistical risk for the development of a second primary malignancy. Previous studies have supported the theory that patients who develop primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (PCMM) have a greater risk for the development of a secondary primary noncutaneous malignancy (SPNM).

Taken from the tumor registry of a community hospital, data for 504 consecutive patients (254 men and 250 women) with a diagnosis of PCMM were evaluated for the incidence of subsequent SPNM by comparing this series of patients to the general population of Connecticut. It was demonstrated that patients with PCMM had a significantly reduced incidence of SPNM (p = 0.002). Consideration should be given to possible biological and behavioral mechanisms which could explain the observed deficit.
Subungual Osteocartilaginous Exostosis
Authors: WOO THOMAS Y. , RASMUSSEN JAMES E.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Subungual exostosis arises underneath the nail plate, originating from the underlying bone. The characteristic appearance of this disorder may occasionally mimic a wide variety of tumors, including subungual verrucae, endochondroma, fibroma, or amelanotic melanoma. With such a wide variety of similar‐appearing tumors, optimal treatment of this disorder clearly lies in proper recognition and treatment.