bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simonides and Horace on the Death of Achilles
Authors: Barchiesi Alessandro
Published: November 2023

This essay is a speculative attempt 1 to link the recent Simoni des with Horace, at many removes from “direct evidence“: it is based on other people’s papyrological insight, and on a literary critical reasoning. In his initial publication, Parsons 1992a: 28 recorded West’s proposal to locate POxy 2327 fr. 5 immediately before 2327 fr. 6, which in turn overlaps with POxy 3965 fr. 1, these three fragments laid out with two others to form Simon. n W2 Parsons observes, first, that 2327 fr. 5 clearly speaks of the death of a hero, fr. 6 of the death of someone who dies at the hand of Apollo; second, that the physical evidence of the papyrus is compatible with but does not provide absolute proof of the relationship mentioned above between the two pieces; and third, that nonetheless other contexts can be imagined for fr. 5, even within the elegy on Plataea,to which certainly belongs fr. 11.6-45 W2. The “heroic death” which is compared to a tree cut down by woodcutters could be that of one of the combatants in Plataea2 rather than that of Achilles, as it would have to be if West’s collocation for fr. 5 is accepted.
The Art of Poetry
Authors: Wolosky Shira
Published: November 2023

Anyone who has been asked to read and understand a poem has probably wondered: What does this really mean? Have I understood this the way I was supposed to? Did I get it? As the least literal of all of forms of creative writing, poetry is for many readers also the most cryptic. Confronted by the mysteries of poetic interpretation, some people are intrigued, some become addicted, others are left frustrated. Shira Wolosky’s accessibly written book, The Art of Poetry, provides a road map of the poetic form that will help its readers understand and enjoy poetry. The Art of Poetry offers a step-by-step introduction to skills for reading poetry, working progressively from smaller units such as the individual word, the line, and the image to larger ones, such as verse forms, voice and gender, and metrical patterns. These basic skills of poetic analysis are presented in conjunction with a selection of poems that acquaints the reader with the great lyric poets in the English and American tradition. As a whole, The Art of Poetry presents a vision of poetry as dynamic, historical, and culturally engaged.
Syntax and the Poetic Line
Authors: Wolosky Shira
Published: November 2023

The next elemental unit of poetry, building from the unit of the word, is the poetic line. Poetry’s peculiar feature, that the lines stop (usually) before the end of the page, is what often announces to us that what we are reading is a poem. But the way the poetic line works depends upon many structures. One of these is metrical organization. The line extends only as long as a particular rhythm dictates. This we will postpone for later discussion. Another is syntax, the rules, units, and structures of grammar, which works in complex harmony and counterpoint with the construction and strategy of the poetic line.
Reformation Readings Of The Apocalypse
Authors: Backus Irena
Published: November 2023

In this study, Irene Backus examines the fate of the Apocalypse at the hands of early Protestants in three centers of the Reformation: Geneva, Zurich, and Wittenberg. To do so, Backus systematically investigates sources and methods of the most important reformed and Lutheran commentaries of the Apocalypse from 1528-1584.
Competition Policy in America
Authors: Peritz Rudolph J R
Published: November 2023

Americans have long appealed to images of free competition in calling for free enterprise, freedom of contract, free labor, free trade, and free speech. This imagery has retained its appeal in myriad aspects of public policy—for example, Senator Sherman’s Anti-Trust Act of 1890, Justice Holmes’s metaphorical marketplace of ideas, and President Reagan’s rhetoric of deregulation. In Competition Policy in America, 1888-1992, Rudolph Peritz explores the durability of free competition imagery by tracing its influences on public policy. Looking at congressional debates and hearings, administrative agency activities, court opinions, arguments of counsel, and economic, legal, and political scholarship, he finds that free competition has actually evoked two different visions—freedom not only from oppressive government, but also from private economic power. He shows how the discourse of free competition has mediated between commitments to individual liberty and rough equality—themselves unstable over time. This rhetorical approach allows us to understand, for example, that the Reagan and Carter programs of deregulation, both inspired by the rhetoric of free competition, were driven by fundamentally different visions of political economy. Peritz’s historical inquiry into competition policy as a series of government directives, inspired by two complex yet distinct and sometimes contradictory visions of free competition, provides an indispensable framework for understanding modern political economy— whether political campaign finance reform, corporate takeover regulation, or current attitudes toward the New Deal Legacy. Competition Policy in America will be of great interest to lawyers, historians, economists, sociologists, and policy makers in both government and business.
“A Story for This Place and Time” An Interview with Nadine Gordimer about Burger’s Daughter
Authors: Gardner Susan
Published: November 2023

In July 1980 Susan gardner sought an interview in Johan-nesburg with Nadine Gordimer to discuss her 1979 novel, Burser’s Daushter. This was banned for import and distribution in South Africa one month after its London publication on a range of grounds specified in the Publications Act of 1974, including propagating Communist opinions; indecency and offensiveness to public morals and religious feelings or convictions of some inhabitants of South Africa; being prejudicial to the safety of the state, the general welfare, peace, and good order; creating “a psychosis of revolution and rebellion”; and making “several unbridled attacks against the authority entrusted with the maintenance of law and order and the safety of the state.
The Subject of Revolution
Authors: Clingman Stephen R
Published: November 2023

In The Conservationist there are no white characters whose task it is to respond positively to the prospect of revolution; it is part of the novel’s prophetic release that this is not deemed to be necessary. However, in the two novels that followed, Bur3er’s Dau3hter and July’s People, Gordimer returned to the question that The Conservationist leaves out: whether whites can participate in the future it predicts. Yet she did so in very different circumstances. As independence came to Mozambique, Angola, and, later, Zimbabwe, the prophecy of The Conservationist seemed to be fulfilled on a regional level; but in South Africa its price was made clear. The explosion of the Soweto Revolt of 1976 indicated just how tortuous the path of change was gong to be, at the same time thrusting the position of dissident whites into radical ambiguity; the easy mood of celebration of just a few years earlier was dramatically displaced.
Prospero’s Complex Race and Sex in Burger’s Daughter
Authors: Newman Judie
Published: November 2023

Nadrne Gordrmer has remarked that all South African novels, whatever their political intentions, involve the question of racism: “There is no country in the Western world where the creative imagination, whatever it seizes upon, finds the focus of even the most private event set in the social determination of racial laws.” There are those who have argued that the white South African novelist is automatically corrupted by a privileged position, that Gordimer’s audience can only be other privileged whites, and that the products of her creative imagination are therefore intrinsically a part of a racist society. In The Conservationist Gordimer focused upon the disjunction between the internal, subjective reality of her white protagonist and the external reality of political consensus, employing as her principal strategy the translation of political problems into other languages, particularly into sexual terms. In the novel sexual fantasy functions as a surrogate for colonial lusts. The sexual body of woman and the body of a murdered black combine to form one massive image of colonial guilt. As her use of the language <‘f Zulu culture, and Zulu dreams, indicates here, Gordimer is clearly aware of the dangers of solipsistic art, an art which may articulate only the dominating power of the white imagination.
What is Cantor’s continuum problem? (1964)
Authors: Gudel Kurt , Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van
Published: November 2023

This question, of course, could arise only after the concept of “number” had been extended to infinite sets; hence it might be doubted if this extension can be effected in a uniquely determined manner and if, therefore, the statement of the problem in the simple terms used above is justified. Closer examination, however, shows that Cantor’s definition of infinite numbers really has this character of uniqueness. For whatever “number” as applied to infinite sets may mean, we certainly want it to have the property that the number of objects belonging to some class does not change if, leaving the objects the same, one changes in any way whatsoever their properties or mutual relations (e.g., their colors or their distribution in space). From this, however, it follows at once that two sets (at least two sets of change able objects of the space-time world) will have the same cardinal number if their elements can be brought into a one-to-one correspondence, which is Cantor’s definition of equality between numbers.
Revolution and the Word
Authors: Davidson Cathy N
Published: November 2023

Revolution and the Word is the classic study of the co-emergence of the U.S. nation and the new literary genre of the novel. The book remains the foundational study of reading, writing, and publishing in the new republic and provides a unique glimpse of the culture of early America. By looking at everything from publisher’s account books to marginalia scrawled in eighteenth-century books to the novels themselves, Revolution and the Word provides an engaging social history of early American readership that is also informed by the most insightful aspects of literary theory. With a backward glance at the culture wars and prognostications for what lies ahead, the comprehensive introduction of this expanded edition reframes Revolution and the Word for a new generation of scholars. It revisits topics of dissent in the early national period, the status of the Constitution as a document designed to quell the still-burning passions of the American Revolution, and the role played by the novel in publicizing and articulating complex desires not addressed at the Constitutional Convention. Cathy N. Davidson provides readers with a survey and critique of the controversial and productive thought in cultural, social, and political theory as it has evolved during the last twenty years. This astute and learned assessment of recent developments in literary and historical scholarship, colonial and postcolonial studies, race theory, gender and sexuality theory, class studies, cultural studies, and history of the book will make Revolution and the Word as urgent for this generation as it was for its original readers in 1986.
Mesoamerican Mythology
Authors: Read Kay Almere , González Jason J
Published: November 2023

An excellent resource, Handbook of Mesoamerican Mythology introduces readers to the mythology of Mexico and Central America. Its chief focus is on Mexican Highland and Maya areas, as they were, and are, of utmost importance to Mesoamerican history. An extensive and edifying introduction defines the nature of myth, the Mesoamericans as a people, and the cultural worldview that informed Mesoamerican mythology. The Handbook presents historical and mythological timelines, with each time period and cultural group fully defined. Also featured is a quick geographical and historical survey of Mesoamerica from the Paleoindian Era to the present, as well as a discussion of some of the challenges and possibilities that structure Mesoamerican studies. Moreover, an extensive reference list and a glossary of cultural and mythological terms are included, and pronunciation guides are given throughout. With an annotated bibliography that ranges from film to websites, fiction to poetry, and from introductory to scholarly works, the book is an all-embracing portal to its subject.
Introduction
Authors: Wollaeger Mark A
Published: November 2023

Since Its Publication in 1916, A Portrait of the Artist as a Yount! Man has probably drawn more attention than affection from literary critics. Dublmers (1916) virtually invented the modern short story; Ulysses (1922) pushed the novel form to its limit; Finne3ans Wake (1939) turned English into a foreign language. Critics have also made the case for Portrait’s place in the canon of modern literature: Joyce’s first novel is generally considered the epitome of the modernist Bildun3sroman, or novel of education, and Hugh Kenner has called its first page the most radically innovative page of prose fiction in the twentieth century. But Portrait has also inspired critiques with titles such as “A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Misogynist” (Henke), and Wayne Booth considers the book something of a failure.’ My first Joyce teacher in college edited a collection of essays on Joyce and yet confessed privately to not caring much for Portrait. It may be that for every literary critic who loves Portrait, there’s another who dislikes it.
The Problem of Distance in A Portrait of the Artist
Authors: Booth Wayne
Published: November 2023

Lack of Adequate Warning that irony is at work; extreme complexity, subtlety, or privacy of the norms to be inferred; vivid psychological realism: Everyone recognizes that each of these three sources of difficulty is present in some modern fiction, frequently in forms more deceptive than anything encountered in earlier work. Any one of them alone can give trouble. And in some modern fiction all three are present. There is no warning, either explicitly or in the form of gross disparity of word and deed; the relationship of the ironic narrator to the author’s norms is an extremely complex one, and the norms are themselves subtle and private; and the narrator’s own mental vitality dominates the scene and wins our sympathy.
Beyond Citizenship
Authors: Spiro Peter J
Published: November 2023

American identity has always been capacious as a concept but narrow in its application. Citizenship has mostly been about being here, either through birth or residence. The territorial premises for citizenship have worked to resolve the peculiar challenges of American identity. But globalization is detaching identity from location. What used to define American was rooted in American space. Now one can be anywhere and be an American, politically or culturally. Against that backdrop, it becomes difficult to draw the boundaries of human community in a meaningful way. Longstanding notions of democratic citizenship are becoming obsolete, even as we cling to them. Beyond Citizenship charts the trajectory of American citizenship and shows how American identity is unsustainable in the face of globalization. Peter J. Spiro describes how citizenship law once reflected and shaped the American national character. Spiro explores the histories of birthright citizenship, naturalization, dual citizenship, and how those legal regimes helped reinforce an otherwise fragile national identity. But on a shifting global landscape, citizenship status has become increasingly divorced from any sense of actual community on the ground. As the bonds of citizenship dissipate, membership in the nation-state becomes less meaningful. The rights and obligations distinctive to citizenship are now trivial. Naturalization requirements have been relaxed, dual citizenship embraced, and territorial birthright citizenship entrenched--developments that are all irreversible. Loyalties, meanwhile, are moving to transnational communities defined in many different ways: by race, ethnicity, gender, religion, age, and sexual orientation. These communities, Spiro boldly argues, are replacing bonds that once connected people to the nation-state, with profound implications for the future of governance. Learned, incisive, and sweeping in scope, Beyond Citizenship offers a provocative look at how globalization is changing the very definition of who we are and where we belong.
Agent-Based Modeling: From Individual Residential Choice to Urban Residential Dynamics
Authors: Benenson Itzhak
Published: November 2023

Householder residential choice and residential mobility are among the touchstones of theoretical and applied studies of urban systems. Sociology and human geography focus on these individual processes, which are inherently spatial and locally determined. Urban residential dynamics are an outcome of all the householders’ simultaneous choices; hence, no programs, ranging from neighborhood rehabilitation to prevention of epidemics, can be planned without the ability to understand and foresee the global urban consequences of those individual decisions in the short and long term.
The Commentary of St. Thomas on the De caelo of Aristotle
Authors: Weisheipl James A
Published: November 2023

If work of great maturity and profundity. It is one of Thomas’s last writings, and it reveals a breadth of scholarship and achievement wanting, for the most part, in his earlier Aristotelian commentaries, such as those on the Ethics, Physics, De anima, and early parts of the Metaphysics; but it comes to grips with profound problems of Aristotelian philosophy inherent in the conflicting views of Greek and Arab commentators. I. T. Eschmann rightly noted that “it represents the high water-mark of St. Thomas’s expository skill.”
Law and Politics
Authors: Sigmund Paul E
Published: November 2023

Aquinas’s political and legal theory is important for three reasons. First, it reasserts the value of politics by drawing on Aristotle to argue that politics and political life are morally positive activities that are in accordance with the intention of God for man. Second, it combines traditional hierarchical and feudal views of the structure of society and politics with emerging community-oriented and incipiently egalitarian views of the proper ordering of society. Third, it develops an integrated and logically coherent theory of natural law that continues to be an important source of legal, political, and moral norms. These accomplishments have become part of the intellectual patrimony of the West, and have inspired political and legal philosophers and religious and social movements down to the present day.
Emotion
Authors: Robinson Jenefer
Published: November 2023

Currently the most widely favored theory of emotion among philosophers is the “judgment” theory of emotion. According to this theory, at the heart of emotion is a cognitive state: an emotion either is or essentially includes a judgment or belief. If I am in love with Joe, this means not just that I get warm and fuzzy feelings inside when Joe approaches, but that I have certain beliefs about Joe—that he is a worthy, lovable kind of guy. Similarly, if I am afraid of a bear, I don’t just experience a twinge or a pang; I believe or judge the bear to be dangerous or threatening to me. At the heart of love, it would seem, is the judgment that the beloved is a wonderful person; at the heart of fear is the judgment that I am being threatened.
The Ghosts of Ulysses
Authors: Ellmann Maud
Published: November 2023

In the film Ghost Dance, directed by Ken MacMullen, Jacques Derrida is interviewed by an ethereal young woman who asks him if he believes in ghosts. “That’s a hard question,” he smiles, “because, you see, I am a ghost.”1 Eerily, this reply turned out to be prophetic, not for Derrida (who is no deader than the rest of us), but for the questioner herself, who died before the movie was released and her image was set loose to haunt the screen. Yet in the film itself, the living man is just as insubstantial as his dead inquisitor, for both have been dispatched into the afterlife, translated into bodiless projections. Through the photographic image we survive the grave but also die before our death, disenfleshed before our hearts have ceased to beat. To be or not to be is no longer the question. What could be blinder than refusing to believe in ghosts? Our ghost-free civilization is based upon the myth that presence is superior to absence, and that absence is a lack of presence rather than an independent power.
The Exclusion of the Intended from Secret Sharing in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness
Authors: straus Nina pelican
Published: November 2023

In a stirring but sketchy essay entitled “Finding Feminist Readings: Dante-Yeats,” Gayatri Spivak writes that “feminist alternative readings might well question the normative rigor of specialist mainstream scholarship through a dramatization of the autobiographical vulnerability of their provenance.” Such autobiographical dramatization, Spivak points out, has already begun in the work of Jacques Derrida and other male critics, but “the privilege of autobiography to counter the rigor of theoretical sanctions is accessible to very few of the world’s women” (47).
Evidence-Based Treatment For Traumatized And Abused Children
Authors: Munson Carlton E
Published: November 2023

The basic premise of this chapter is that intervention with traumatized children must have a developmental focus, using a scientific perspective that relies on evidence that is grounded in a therapeutic relationship. There have been few efforts to link the concepts of a developmental perspective, evidence, and the science of relationship in work with traumatized children. The research literature regarding child trauma is generally not presented or described in a way that is usable for the average practitioner. This chapter provides information that can assist in specifying and measuring relationship in ways that have not been systematically applied in the past and explains uses of evidence in work with traumatized children. This chapter uses a practical but comprehensive approach to child trauma treatment that can be easily understood and applied by practitioners.
The Hepatitis Experiments at the Willowbrook State School
Authors: Robinson Walter M , Unruh Brandon T
Published: November 2023

The hepatitis experiments performed at the Willowbrook State School are routinely cited as one of the most serious breaches of research ethics of the post–World War II period. This determination is principally due to the inclusion of the experiments in Henry K. Beecher’s 1966 article “Ethics and Clinical Research” in the New England Journal of Medicine. Beecher’s criticism set off a decade of debate about the ethics of clinical research at Willowbrook, with sharply differing opinions from leaders in the field. Beecher extended his critique of the experiments at Willowbrook in his book Research and the Individual in 1970.
Incentives for Research Participants
Authors: Dickert Neal , Grady Christine
Published: November 2023

The practice of paying research participants dates back at least to the early 19th century, when William Beaumont provided Alexis St. Martin with room, board, and $150 per year for the use of his stomach in physiologic studies. St. Martin had been shot in the stomach and was left with a permanent gastric fistula, providing Beaumont with “access to the stomach and the opportunity to study the action of gastric juices” Later, Walter Reed offered $100 in gold to participants in studies involving deliberate exposure to yellow fever. If successfully infected, participants received a $100 bonus (payable to their family if they died). Although a longstanding practice, payment in research seems to be increasingly common with the growing volume of research conducted today. Paying research participants, however, remains contentious.
An Abolitionist’s Survey of the Death Penalty in America Today
Authors: Bedau Hugo Adam
Published: November 2023

Lest there be any doubt in the reader’s mind, let me declare at the outset that I strongly oppose the death penalty no matter what the crime or the criminal. This will be evident enough later as this essay unfolds and especially when I offer an argument against capital punishment. My position to the side, perhaps the best place to begin this discussion of the death penalty in America and the controversies it has provoked is by summarizing its history in our country. That history is largely a story of efforts to limit and abolish it.
Why the Death Penalty Is Morally Permissible*
Authors: Pojman Louis P
Published: November 2023

The death penalty as punishment for the most serious crimes is morally justified. Honest people and philosophers may disagree on these matters, but I will present my reasons for supporting the retention of this practice. I have no illusions about my ability to change the minds of my ardent abolitionist opponents, but I can hope to clear the air of misperceptions and help those with an open mind come to an informed judgment of this crucial matter.
The Twentieth-Century “Disappearance” of the Gisaeng during the Rise of Korea’s Modern Sex-and-Entertainment Industry
Authors: Pilzer Joshua D
Published: November 2023

The history of the vanished Korean female professional entertainer known as gisaeng is riddled with ambiguities. These arise from the inherent social-structural ambiguity of Korean (and many other) traditional female entertainers who have operated outside of established morality but in a way that often reinforces the conventions they seem to subvert. The ideological contexts in which gisaeng are remembered are no less ambiguous: as symbols of national culture, as pre-modern symbols of the oppression of women, and as early examples of emancipated females. Some scholars understand the gisaeng to have been a kind of sex worker or a prostitute, while many others insist that the gisaeng were entertainers, forbidden from selling their bodies, who only became involved in sex work under Japanese colonial ism (1905–45).
The Daoist Monastic Manual
Authors: Kohn Livia
Published: November 2023

The Fengdao kejie or "Rules and Precepts for Worshiping the Dao" dates from the early seventh century and is a key text of medieval Daoist priesthood and monasticism, which was first formally organized in the sixth century. Compiled to serve the needs of both monastic practitioners and priests in training it describes the fundamental rules, organizational principles, and concrete establishments of Daoist institutions. Speaking in their own voices and presenting the ideal Daoist life of their time, priests and recluses come to life in this fascinating ancient document. Livia Kohn here offers the first complete annotated translation of the Fengdao kejie. She begins with three introductory chapters that outline the development of Daoist organizations and institutions, discuss the date and compilation of the work, and present key issues of terminology and worldview. The text itself contains eighteen sections that address the importance of karma and retribution, the creation of buildings, sacred statues, and scriptures, the design of sacred utensils and ritual clothing, the organization and structure of the ordination hierarchy, as well as a number of essential rituals, from the recitation of the scriptures to the daily devotions and the ordination ceremony. The Daoist Monastic Manual offers a clear and vibrant description of the lifestyle and organizational structures of medieval Daoism, rooting the religion in the concrete reality of daily activities.
Authorship and Textual History
Authors: Kohn Livia
Published: November 2023

Then, this year, the fifth year of the era Great Purity, with the year star in xinwei [551], at noon of the first day of the fifth month, I was again visited by the Most Eminent Jade Emperor of Heavenly Treasure, who descended to the jasper palace on the Dai peak to transmit to me the Mysterious Register of Perfect Numen of the Highest Prime of the Nine Heavens. Through this, I was confirmed in the rank and title of an official general [of heaven].
Comprehensive Structures
Authors: Kohn Livia
Published: November 2023

The Rules say: According to the “Statutes of Mystery Metropolis” and the “Code of Orthodox Unity,” all Daoists, whether male or female, and even ordinary followers, receive a subtraction in reckoning if they disobey the scriptures and precepts. According to one system, a subtraction in reckoning means that one reckoning [unit] is subtracted from a person’s life expectancy so that longevity cannot be extended. [12b] According to another, one reckoning [unit] means sixty days. The two theories are different, thus I present them both.
The Ritual Order
Authors: Kohn Livia
Published: November 2023

The Rules say: All Daoists, whether male or female, have ritual ranks, formal order, and religious titles, each of their specific class. You must know which is superior and inferior, higher and lower, so there is neither favoritism nor abuse of power. For this reason I have set them out in detail below. Familiarize yourself thoroughly with them. Failure to comply in each case carries a subtraction of 1,200 [days of life].
Regular Audience Services
Authors: Kohn Livia
Published: November 2023

Note: The rites that should be performed regularly every morning and evening by the [members of the] four orders of the Three Caverns are called “regular audience services.” Still, the same five-part audience ritual applies when one enters the oratory on a separate occasion to have an audience with the perfected.
Fragments and Citations
Authors: Kohn Livia
Published: November 2023

The following renders passages from the Fengdao kejie found in Dunhuang manuscripts or as citations in contemporaneous works. Section numbers have been supplied to make access easier, but they are largely conjecture. Section 24, complete with heading and number, appears in P. 3682. The manuscript also contains the end of the previous section, which was accordingly numbered 23. The last sentence of this section, in turn, appears in a citation in the Miaomen youqi, thus allowing me to give the Section number 22 to this citation. Numbers 20 and 21 were assigned arbitrarily. Headings, too, were supplied by the translator.
Interaction with Ordinary People
Authors: Kohn Livia
Published: November 2023

to the prime minister, great ministers, public administrators, and various lords, with deepest respect. Under no circumstances must they wantonly seek them out to gain personal power or advantage. Failure to comply carries a subtraction of 360 [days of life].
Ecosystem Disturbance, Biodiver sity Loss, and Hum an Infectious Disease
Authors: Molyneux David H , Ostfeld Richard S , Bernstein, Aaron , Chivian Eric
Published: November 2023

When we develop an infectious illness, we tend to believe that we caught it from another person, who in turn caught it from someone else, and that the germ that made us ill had never resided in any species other than our own. But this belief, it turns out, is false more times than not. For most human infectious diseases—some 60 percent— the pathogen has lived and multiplied in other organisms before having been transmitted to people.
The Business of Being Opinionated
Authors: Ritchie Donald A
Published: November 2023

Farthest from the neutral, fact-driven, straight-news wire services stand the syndicated columnists. Time dubbed them “pundits,” from the Sanskrit word for “wise men.” William Safire refined the definition to “an expert on nothing but an authority on everything.” As news pages attempted to bury their partisanship, the columnists emerged as an elite within the profession, journalists licensed to express their own minds. From their prominent perches on the oped pages an assortment of Washington-based hawks, owls, eagles, and other harriers of power have exercised ample influence over policymaking, public opinion, and the rest of the press corps.
The Search for the Origins of Christian Worship
Authors: Bradshaw Paul F
Published: November 2023

This is a substantially expanded and completely revised verision of Bradshaw’s classic account, first published in 1993. Traditional liturgical scholarship has generally been marked by an attempt to fit together the various pieces of evidence for the practice of early Christian worship in such a way as to suggest that a single, coherent line of evolution can be traced from the apostolic age to the fourth century. Bradshaw examines this methodology in the light of recent developments in Jewish liturgical scholarship, of current trends in New Testament studies, and of the nature of the source-documents themselves, and especially the ancient church orders. In its place he offers a guide to Christian liturgical origins which adopts a much more cautious approach, recognizing the limitations of what can truly be known, and takes seriously the clues pointing to the essentially variegated character of ancient Christian worship.
The Faiths of the Founding Fathers
Authors: Holmes David L
Published: November 2023

It is not uncommon to hear Christians argue that America was founded as a Christian nation. But how true is this claim? In this compact book, David L. Holmes offers a clear, concise and illuminating look at the spiritual beliefs of our founding fathers. He begins with an informative account of the religious culture of the late colonial era, surveying the religious groups in each colony. In particular, he sheds light on the various forms of Deism that flourished in America, highlighting the profound influence this intellectual movement had on the founding generation. Holmes then examines the individual beliefs of a variety of men and women who loom large in our national history. He finds that some, like Martha Washington, Samuel Adams, John Jay, Patrick Henry, and Thomas Jefferson's daughters, held orthodox Christian views. But many of the most influential figures, including Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, John and Abigail Adams, Jefferson, James and Dolley Madison, and James Monroe, were believers of a different stripe. Respectful of Christianity, they admired the ethics of Jesus, and believed that religion could play a beneficial role in society. But they tended to deny the divinity of Christ, and a few seem to have been agnostic about the very existence of God. Although the founding fathers were religious men, Holmes shows that it was a faith quite unlike the Christianity of today's evangelicals. Holmes concludes by examining the role of religion in the lives of the presidents since World War II and by reflecting on the evangelical resurgence that helped fuel the reelection of George W. Bush. An intriguing look at a neglected aspect of our history, the book will appeal to American history buffs as well as to anyone concerned about the role of religion in American culture.
Introduction
Authors: Carpio Glenda R
Published: November 2023

How does anyone navigate the contradictions of race, so succinctly described by Winant? Without a sense of humor, they might just drive one crazy. Race, of course, has not always been deemed illusory or common nonsense. Far from it. The belief in biologically determined differences in race has generated atrocities such as genocide, enslavement, and colonization. While today we live in the more “enlightened” state in which race is understood for the construction that it is, old-fashioned racism not only persists but also creates new, strange fictions around its concept. In the United States, the last decades of the twentieth century witnessed a pendulum swing in which, after playing a crucial role in the making of the American nation and throughout the nation’s history, race became so purportedly insignificant that broad sectors of the country could claim the end of institutional racism and the achievement of a coloblind society. In many ways this swing constituted a backlash against the gains made by the civil rights movement of the 1960s. A great reversal occurred almost as soon as the major civil rights acts passed: the focus was no longer on white racism—because segregation in public accommodations and proscribed discrimination in employment and disenfranchisement had been outlawed—but on the moral deficiencies of minorities. For African Americans, such backlash included the reemergence of long-standing stereotypes regarding their character.
Susan Glaspell Her Life and Times
Authors: Ben-Zvi Linda
Published: November 2023

Trifles—a play exploring what happens when women unite against forces that deny them a voice and identity—has become an international classic, as powerful and relevant today as it was in the summer of 1916, when it was first staged by vacationing friends in a converted fishing wharf in Provincetown, Massachusetts. This biography is the story of its author, Susan Glaspell, and the forces that propelled her from her Midwest birthplace in Davenport, Iowa to Greenwich Village during its glory days, where she established herself as a central figure in the avant-garde community and became the first modern American woman playwright. Glaspell’s life is a feminist tale of pioneering in which she broke new ground for women. A journalist by age eighteen, she worked her way through university as a news reporter and became a leading novelist of the period. A co-founder of many of Greenwich Village’s important avant-garde institutions, she was a close friend of its leading figures, including Eugene O’Neill. She and O’Neill were equally credited with launching a new type of indigenous drama, hers addressing such pressing topics as suffrage, birth control, female sexuality, marriage equality, socialism, and pacifism. In 1931 she won the Pulitzer Prize for drama. “Out there—lies all that’s not been touched—lies life that waits,” Claire Archer says in The Verge, Glaspell’s most experimental play. This biography is the exciting and inspiring story of Glaspell’s personal exploration of the same terrain
Conquest by Law
Authors: Robertson Lindsay G
Published: November 2023

John Marshall's landmark 1823 decision in Johnson v. M'Intosh gave the European sovereigns who "discovered" North America rights to the land, converting Native Americans in one stroke into mere tenants. In 1991, while investigating the historical origins of this highly controversial decision, Lindsay Robertson made a startling find in the basement of a Pennsylvania furniture-maker--the complete corporate records of the Illinois and Wabash Land Companies, the plaintiffs in the case. Drawing on these records, Conquest by Law provides, for the first time, a complete and troubling account of collusion, detailing how a spurious claim gave rise to a doctrine--intended to be of limited application--which led to the massive displacement of Native Americans and the creation of a law that governs indigenous people to this day.
Understanding an Other
Authors: Schweickart Patrocinio
Published: November 2023

The term “audience” is problematical, according to drama critic Alice Rayner, not only because it obscures the diverse perspectives and reactions that can be found in every actual audience but also because it glosses over the “listening function” that constitutes the activity of the audience members. Something similar can be said of the term “reception.” Although reception study understands the variability of meaning and has long been concerned to restrain collectivizing and homogenizing tendencies, something like the second problem persists, particularly in the tension between reception study and readerresponse criticism. Reception study emphasizes the macroscopic analysis of reading conditions and effects, but it tends to gloss over the “receiving function,” the interaction between reader and a text that, multiplied countless times, constitutes the phenomenon of reception.
Habitus Clivé
Authors: Bennett Tony
Published: November 2023

Toward the end of the sketch for a self-analysis that he wrote shortly before his death, Pierre Bourdieu said that his was a divided habitus—a habitus clivas a consequence of the contradictions he experienced in coming from lowly social origins to achieve high scholarly distinction (Esquisse 127). This seems entirely plausible. Indeed, in this respect, Bourdieu might be seen as an ideal type for a generation that experienced similar kinds of social and cultural dislocation as the price of educational and occupational advancement. Yet the claim stands in sharp contrast to what Bourdieu had to say elsewhere about the concept of the habitus as a set of regulative principles organizing practices of cultural consumption. For here Bourdieu usually insisted on the unity of the habitus. This construction of the habitus is central to the analytical architecture of Bourdieu’s Distinction. It constitutes the key conceptual hinge through which analyses at the level of the individual and that of classes are integrated within the social space of lifestyles and through which the operation of cultural capital across different fields is mediated. If, therefore, the unity of the habitus is shown to be unsustainable, other aspects of Bourdieu’s approach in this study are also called into question.
Main Street Reading Main Street
Authors: Blair Amy L
Published: November 2023

Sinclair Lewis’s Main Street was a “literary sensation,” garnering both critical acclaim and phenomenal sales (Bucco 13). Published with relatively little fanfare in October 1920, by a year later it had sold 295,000 copies (Lingeman 157). Main Street was not only the best-selling novel in the United States for 1921; it continued to be so for the following four years (Hart 525). And people who did not buy books were also jumping on the Main Street bandwagon: According to the Bookman, it was the book requested most in public libraries across the United States from February through December 1921 and remained in the top five for requests for months after.1 The book had both legs and buzz: In May 1921, Catherine Beach Ely, a reviewer for the New York Times, claimed she was “the last inhabitant” (she does not say of what) to read “the season’s wonderwork.” In the same issue of the Times, one publishing executive bemoaned the fact that “there are actually thirty-seven neo–Main Streets getting into type at present” (Lowry), one of which, Dorothy Canfield’s The Brimming Cup, also published by Harcourt and touted as an “answer” to Main Street, became the second-best-selling novel of 1921. Lewis’s novel spawned parodies such as Carolyn Wells’s Ptomaine Street, and the phrase “Main Street” became almost immediately a shorthand derogatory term for small town U.S.A.
Theology Of The Liturgy
Authors: Jackson Pamela E J
Published: November 2023

The constitution on the sacred liturgy Sacrosanctum concilium became the first document promulgated by the Second Vatican Council on December 4, 1963, having been approved by a vote of 2,147 to 4. Those who drafted the schema of Sacrosanctum concilium believed that it was necessary for the constitution to be built on a solid theological foundation. Citing the 1947 encyclical Mediator Dei, they affirmed that the sacred liturgy did not consist merely in the outward aspect of worship, nor could it be reduced to a list of ecclesiastical laws for proper performance of the rites; rather—as exercise of the priesthood of Christ in his Mystical Body, the Church—the liturgy had profound theological significance. The theology of the liturgy in Sacrosanctum concilium has been described as its principal part, which will last for centuries. From this theology, Sacrosanctum concilium then derived the principles, or norms, on which the renewal of the liturgy in accord with the council’s purposes should be based; on the basis of these norms, the constitution decreed specific changes in the celebration of the liturgy. Sacrosanctum concilium’s theology of the liturgy is thus the key to understanding both what the council fathers believed the liturgy to be and how they envisioned it being celebrated. This chapter first summarizes this theology and then considers the sources that informed it, its relationship to the theological tradition that preceded it, and how this theology was intended to serve as basis for renewal. The constitution’s theology of the liturgy is found primarily in article 2 of the introduction and at the beginnings of its first five chapters: articles 5– 13 of chapter 1 (General Principles for the Renewal and Fostering of the Sacred Liturgy); articles 47– 48 of chapter 2 (The Most Holy Mystery of the Eucharist); articles 59–61 of chapter 3 (The Other Sacraments and Sacramentals); articles 83–85 (The Divine Office);
The Decree On The Church’s Missionary Activity, Ad Gentes
Authors: George Francis Cardinal
Published: November 2023

The Missionary Tradition A great Catholic theologian of the twentieth century, Romano Guardini, said of the Church, ‘‘She stands in history and by the power of the Holy Spirit, she proclaims the Savior through her existence, her words and her actions. She translates him into the language of our human life, brings him into relation with its forces and structures.’’ The Church’s intentions and actions, therefore, are as original as those of Jesus Christ.
Organized Womanhood
Authors: Braude Ann
Published: November 2023

In the fall of 1873, the women of Hillsborough, Ohio, decided it was time to take action against the abuse of alcohol in their community. After a temperance meeting in a local church, they marched in a group to one of the town’s thirteen saloons. They entered the saloon, knelt on the floor, and began to pray and sing hymns. When the owner asked them to leave, they refused to do so as long as he continued to sell liquor. Few male patrons wanted to drink in the presence of so many praying women. Eventually the tavern keeper agreed to end liquor sales. Strengthened by their success, the women met at church again the next day and marched to another saloon. Within a few weeks, nine of the thirteen businesses selling alcohol in Hillsborough had closed and the women in nearby towns had taken up the campaign to close saloons in their communities. The Ohio Women’s Crusade gave rise to the first nondenominational national organization of Protestant women: the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), founded in 1874. After the Civil War, women across the country joined in national organizations like the WCTU that helped shape U.S. politics and religion, as well as the women themselves. Secular women’s organizations, including those devoted to women’s rights, flowered after the war, but religiously motivated activities drew much larger numbers of women. As new immigrant groups arrived in the United States, they followed the model set by groups such as the WCTU. In the twentieth century, American women organized the largest Jewish organization in the world, Hadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America. Such national organizations of religious women played an important role in shaping public life.