bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of COVID 19 Lockdown on glycemic parameters in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tewari Ajoy , Tewari Vineeta , Tewari Jay
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered SARS-COV-2. Older people and people with pre-existing medical conditions, such as diabetes and obesity, appear to have the worst outcomes with the COVID-19 virus. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries enforced stringent lockdowns to prevent the spread of the disease. India had a lockdown of 68 days between 21st March and 31st May 2020. In this background, we undertook this study to assess the effect of the lockdown on the glycemic status and weight of people with diabetes, which was indirectly an opportunity to assess the self-care practices of people with diabetes.

Material and Methods:

The subjects included in the study were people with type 2 diabetes identified from electronic medical records who had attended the Jai Clinic and Diabetes Care Centre in Lucknow and were tested for HbA1c between 20th Feb 2020 and 20th March 2020. A total of 313 people with diabetes were identified meeting the inclusion criteria, out of which 171 were females and 142 were males. They were again tested for HbA1c between 1st June 2020 and 1st July 2020 after lockdown. Their pre- and post-lockdown HbA1c and weight were analyzed statistically.

Results:

HbA1c was increased in 195 patients, which was statistically significant. A total of 151 patients had an increase in weight compared to their prelockdown weights, but it was not statistically significant. Furthermore, an increase in weight correlated with an increase in HbA1c and a decrease in weight correlated with a decrease in HbA1c. Both were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Optimum diabetes control and adherence to good self-care practices is the need of hour, and contingency plans for medicines and diabetes care supplies are of utmost importance in these testing times.
Mapping the footprints of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rastogi Aayushi , Padhi Abhishek , Syed Sabin , Keshan Pranav , Gupta Ekta
Published: July 2021

The new member of the coronavirus family created havoc in the world in few days of its discovery and was declared as a pandemic by March 2020. The enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus was first identified in a patient with dry cough, pain, and weakness for the past1 week with unknown etiology in Wuhan. The coronavirus soon spread across the globe in the next few weeks. To curb the spread of coronavirus, stringent measures such as lockdown and social distancing were enforced resulted in a declining of cases in various countries. However, unlocking, relaxation of preventive measures, and changing human behaviors led to a drastic increase in the number of COVID-19 cases resulting in the second wave of transmission. This resulted in reimposing of lockdown measures in countries such as Nepal, Italy, France, Netherland, and Germany. At present, the virus has affected over 110.7 million peoples and over 2.4 million deaths across the world, with India having the second-highest number of COVID-19 cases, following the United States of America. Furthermore, a cross-sectional view of the disease states several new strains being reported across the globe at one end and at another end there is rolling out of vaccine against COVID-19. There is still uncertainty related to curbing of the pandemic as effect of vaccine on new strains is undetermined. Thus, it is important to understand the transforming epidemiology of the virus as it helps in planning necessary steps for physicians and policymakers. The present review summarizes the updated information primarily about the epidemiology of COVID-19, from initiation to the present scenario.
Clinico-microbiological spectrum of anaerobic pyogenic infections in an Indian tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Nema S , Brahmachari S , Vishnu Teja N. , Biswas D
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Anaerobes are important however the most neglected pathogens. Timely isolation of anaerobes can guide the clinician about the correct course of clinical treatment and thus reduce the mortality and also the problem of antimicrobial resistance.

Materials and Methods:

Tissue and/or pus aspirates were collected aseptically from infectious sites in the Robertson's cooked meat medium (RCM) and sent to anaerobic bacteriology laboratory for culture. Subcultures from RCM for each sample were done on neomycin blood agar and 5% sheep blood agar along with metronidazole disc (5μg). The plates were incubated in an anaerobic jar using GasPak for 72 hrs. The preliminary identification was performed by standard biochemical tests for both obligate and facultative anaerobic isolates. Speciations of obligate anaerobes were performed by Vitek 2 automated system.

Results:

Obligate anaerobes either single or polymicrobial were obtained in 38/216 (14.5 %) samples processed during the study period. Polymicrobial infections were reported in 21/216 (55.26%) samples and most commonly with obligate anaerobic gramnegative bacilli i.e. Prevotella-Porphyromonas and Bacteroides fragilis group. Most common monomicrobial anaerobic infections were observed with Veillonella spp. (n=4) and Porphyromonas spp. (n=4) followed by Bacteroides fragilis (n=3). Obligate anaerobes were predominantly isolated from skin and soft tissue infections (n=14) followed by surgical site infections (n=8).

Conclusion:

Although most of the infections are polymicrobial, a rise in the incidence of monomicrobial anaerobic infections has been noticed. Therefore, the performance of anaerobic cultures along with aerobic cultures is much needed for complete bacterial work-up of specimens from infectious sites and better patient management.
Relative risk factors for seropositive hepatitis E virus among blood donors and haemodialysis patients
Authors: Babiker Nassir A. , Abakar Adam D. , Mohamed Nawal T. , Abuzeid Nadir , Modawe GadAllah , Iesa Mohamed A. , Assil Sami , Osman Hisham , Hamed Mohamed , Ahmed Mohamed H.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Hepatitis E virus is a zoonotic virus with a worldwide epidemic outbreak. The aim of the study was to identify relative risk factors and co-infections concerning the seropositive HEV IgG among blood donors and haemodialysis (HD) patients in the central blood bank and renal dialysis centre in Wad Medani city, Gezira State, Sudan.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study that included 600 participants, among them 180 showed strong seropositive HEV IgG. The structured questionnaire was used to collect data of the participants’ demographics, disease risk factors and HEV IgG co-infections with HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis.

Results:

Among the 180 strong seropositive HEV IgG respondents, 84 were blood donors and 96 were haemodialysis patients. The gender and age (18–30 years) had a significant association with the virus exposure (P = 0.000, P = 0.000). Importantly, a significant association of HEV prevalence due to the localities effect exhibited with the highest rate among South Gezira (OR = 38, CI = 14.1–107; P = 0.000). This also observed in Wad Medani, Umm Algura, East Gezira and Managil localities (P = 0.000). The effect of the animal contact on HEV distribution exerted the significant association among the respondents for blood donors and haemodialysis patients in univariate (OR = 4.09, 95% CI 1.5–10.9; P = 0.005) and multivariate (OR = 3.2, CI = 1.1–9.4; P = 0.027) analysis.

Conclusion:

The relative risk factors of the HEV seroprevalence were gender, age, locality and animal contact. Besides the need of a regular survey for the virus seroprevalence, primary health care physicians can play pivotal role in health education, especially in rural areas of Sudan. In addition, primary health care physicians in Sudan are expected to establish strategies and plans to eradicate and minimise the health impact of HEV.
Neonatal dermatitis neglecta---Neglect by health system
Authors: Taywade Manish , Panda Prem Sagar , Sirka Chandra Sekhar , Patro Binod Kumar
Published: July 2021

A 29 days old female child presented to the general outpatient department of Community Health Center with greenish black crusting over left ear for 7-8days duration without any other signs and symptoms. We report the diagnosis and management of the condition through ad-hoc store and forward tele-dermatology. This is the first reported case of dermatitis neglecta in neo-natal period.
Assessment of pandemic (COVID-19) preparedness in a teaching hospital in northern India using available (CDC-Atlanta) checklist
Authors: Singh Sukhbir , Govindagoudar Manjunath B. , Chaudhry Dhruva , Singh Pawan Kumar , Vashist Aarushi , Vashist Madan Gopal
Published: July 2021

Background:

Hospitals are at the forefront of dealing infectious public health emergencies. Recently, COVID-19 has been declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization. Dealing with COVID-19 pandemic requires high intensity of administrative activity.

Objective:

We conducted this study to assess and compare, objectively, hospital preparedness with available Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standards.

Methods:

CDC has issued checklist for the assessment of hospital preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic, globally. This list contains 10 elements with sub-sections. We objectified the same and scored the hospital preparations accordingly. Various financial efforts made by the hospital to procure COVID19-specified items was also recorded.

Results:

As per the CDC checklist, the hospital scored 197 points (72.06%) out of 270 points with highest points in element two and eight. Element two is for the development for written COVID-19 plan. Element eight consists of addressing the occupational health of healthcare workers. Lowest scoring was in the element seven represented visitor access and movement within facility. During the study period, the hospital procured items of approximately 55 lakhs. In the study period, doctors, nursing staff, housekeeping staff, and security staff were channelized for doing COVID-19 duties.

Conclusions:

We obtained a score above 70% (good) which is quite encouraging, and we concluded that pandemic preparations in hospitals are necessary and it can be assessed objectively against prevailing standards. It is important in poor countries like India where spending on healthcare is minimal compared to other countries. Additionally, this assessment can be used to guide us further changes in policies and identifying the gaps in pandemic preparedness in hospitals which require special attention.
Seizure after recovery from Covid-19
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sidhartha , Basu Sagar , Majumdar Kamalesh
Published: July 2021

There are various neurological presentations of covid-19 but here we report a 27-year-old female developed first episode of seizure, 14 days after documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. She had generalized tonic-clonic seizure with multiple injuries. She had no previous or family history of seizure but she had generalized anxiety disorder and was doing well on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed theta waves background (likely post-ictal discharges). Magnetic resonance Imagining (MRI) Brain showed features of focal cerebritis on both the frontal lobes. She was started with anti-epileptic drug. After 6 weeks, repeat MRI Brain and EEG were completely normal.
The Effectiveness of Rein Flap Technique in the Cosmetic Outcomes of Rhinoplasty
Authors: Rahmati Javad , Yavari Ali , Etemad Omid
Published: July 2021

Background:

The beauty of nasal tip is very important in septorhinoplasty surgeries. Unstable tip rotation may lead some problems in the outcome of this surgery or performing a repair surgery. Hence, using an appropriate method to save the tip rotation for the long term is considered.

Materials and Methods:

We studied 30 patients who underwent rhinoplasty in Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex of Tehran and Razi Hospital of Tehran and divided them equally into two groups of rein (case) and septocolumellar (control), randomly. Then, we evaluated the rotation and projection of the nasal tip (nasolabial, columellar-labial, and nasofacial angles) after 2 weeks and 6 months of the surgery.

Results:

In both groups, 80% and 20% of the patients were female and male, respectively. The reduction of the nasal projection (columellar-labial and nasofacial angles) and nasal rotation (nasolabial angle) was significant in both groups during 6 months after the surgery (P > 0.001) that showed reduction in the nasal projection and rotation after 6 months in both group. This reduction was not significant in the nasofacial and columellar-labial angles (nasal projection) among two groups. However, in the case of nasolabial, we found less reduction in the case group that explains significant relation (P = 0.03).

Discussion:

Using rein flap can be used as a proper way to save the tip rotation in the long term and could be used in the patients with droopy tip noses.

Conclusion:

Using rein flap in nasal tissue seems to be effective in providing a stable rotation and projection. This method can be considered as a good option for providing proper projection and rotation.
Reconstruction of Mutilating Injuries of the Lower Extremity – Surgical Decision-Making for the Plastic Surgeon
Authors: Gulmeden Cigdem Unal
Published: July 2021

High-energy traumas of the lower extremity caused by road accidents, gunshot injuries, or heavy construction equipment usually involve the bone and vascular structures as well as the soft tissues surrounding them. Reconstruction of these injuries may require teaming up with orthopedic and vascular surgeons to solve the dilemmas. Vascular evaluation and determination of the zone of injury is necessary to make the best possible reconstruction plan to achieve a functional and vascularized lower extremity. Although preoperative radiodiagnostic methods help in choosing the recipient vessels, flaps, and anastomotic technique, the ultimate decision is best made during surgery.
Microencapsulation of Anchovy Fish Oil (Engraulis encrasicolus) with Fish Protein (Equulites klunzingeri) Isolate: Nutritional Assessment
Authors: Özyurt Gülsün , Yesilsu Ahmet Faruk
Published: July 2021

Fish protein isolates extracted from underutilised fish species were used for coating material of anchovy oils and their nutritive value was investigated in this study. For this purpose, Klunzinger’s ponyfish (Equulites klunzingeri) proteins were extracted by using pH shifting process. Micro particles were prepared with anchovy oil (Engraulis encrasicolus) as core material (10%), and as wall materials a ratio of 5% and 10% fish protein isolate (FPI) was used. Maltodextrin (DE: 18:20) was added to both groups in a ratio of 10%. The emulsions were fed immediately into a Buchi Mini Spray Dryer (B290, Switzerland). The inlet temperatures, feed rate and aspiration rate were maintained at 160 oC, 15 mL/min and 35m3/h, respectively. The lipid, protein and moisture contents of anchovy oil microcapsules containing 5% FPI and 10% FPI were found as 43.76-43.09%, 4.34- 9.82% and 3.95-3.92%, respectively. The main amino acids in microcapsule samples were lysine, glutamic acid, and leucine which constituted in the range of 349-578 mg/100 g sample for microcapsules containing 5% FPI, and 805-1547 mg/100 g sample for microcapsules containing 10% FPI. In addition to that, essential and non-essential amino acids (E/NE) ratio for microencapsulated fish oil with 5% FPI and 10% FPI were determined 0.92 and 0.95, respectively. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that the addition of fish protein isolate enhanced the nutritive value of microencapsulated fish oil.
The utility of a modified W.H.O. TB screening tool among children at a Botswana child welfare clinic
Authors: Dikobe Wame , Molefi Mooketsi , Nkomo Bornapate , Kgwaadira Botshelo , Gasenelwe Boingotlo , Seloilwe Esther , Mashalla Yohanna , Mills Tonya-Ascortt-
Published: July 2021

Background: In high TB/HIV settings, the increased risk for TB amongst children exposed to HIV has been established through biomedical tests. Screening HIV exposed children for TB can improve early childhood TB detection and treatment.

Objective: This study assessed the utility of a modified World Health Organization (WHO) tool by including HIV variables, to determine TB exposure amongst HIV exposed children presenting to a “Well Child” Clinic (CWC).

Methods: Clinical data were obtained from medical records and/or from the caregivers of children presenting to CWC. Data was analyzed to explore factors associated with positive screening for TB, including being exposed to HIV and current HIV status.

Results: Five percent (55/1100) screened reported a close TB contact and 21% (n=231) had positive TB symptom screen. History of close TB contact was a risk factor for positive screening for TB symptoms (OR 1.89 CI 1.05-3.4) while being HIV negative was protective (OR 0.3, Cl 0.19-0.62). HIV exposure was associated with increased risk of TB exposure (OR 2.9 CI 1.61-5.19).

Conclusion: Integrating HIV variables in the existing WHO screening tool for childhood TB can be useful in early detec- tion and treatment of TB in HIV exposed children in resource limited settings.

Keywords: Childhood TB screening; HIV Exposure screening; TB/HIV integration.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk assessment among doctors in Ondo state
Authors: Enikuomehin Adenike Christianah , Adejumo Oluseyi Ademola , Akinbodewa Ayodeji Akinwumi , Muhammad Fakhraddeen Yahya , Lawal Olutoyin Morenike , Junaid Oladimeji Adedeji
Published: July 2021

IntroductionDiabetes Mellitus (DM) has become a disease of public health importance in Nigeria. Early identification of DM risk is important in the reduction of this disease burden. This study assessed ten-year risk of developing type 2 DM among some medical doctors in Ondo State. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that assessed ten-year risk of developing type 2 DM among some doctors using the Finland Diabetic Risk Score form. Known diabetics were excluded from the study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure and total DM risk score were determined for each participant.Results One hundred and ninety-two doctors participated in the study with a male: female ratio of 1.3:1. Majority (92.2%) were below 55 years, 22 (11.5%) were obese, 32(16.7%) had central obesity, 46(24%) reported physical inactivity, 49(25.5%) had family history of DM, 141(73.4%) do not take fruits and vegetables regularly. Forty-three (22.4%) were found to have elevated blood pressure while 6(3.1%) had elevated blood glucose. Fifty-seven (29.7%) of the participants had increased ten-year DM risk. Significant predictors of increase DM risk were age ≥ 45 years (AOR:9.08; CI 3.13-26.33; p = <0.001 ) ; BMI ≥25kg/m2 (AOR:11.41; CI:4.14-31.45; p = <0.001) ; family history of DM (AOR:9.93; CI:3.25-30.39; p = <0.001) ; abdominal obesity (AOR:6.66; CI:2.08-21.29; p= < 0.001); and infrequent dietary intake of fruits and vegetable(AOR:3.11;CI:1.03:9.37: p = 0.04) ConclusionThere was increased 10-year DM risk in about 30% of the participants. Lifestyle modification such as physical activity and regular consumption of fruits and vegetables should be encouraged among doctors.
Yük Kapasitesi Şase Yapısından Bağımsız Bir Otonom Mobil Robot Tasarımı ve Dayanım Analizi
Authors: GÜRKAL Alaattin , İNNER A. Burak , ÖZER Eylül , KİBAR Ali
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada operatör ve sürücüye ihtiyaç duymadan otonom bir şekilde fabrika ve endüstriyel tesislerde yükün bir yerden alınarak başka bir yere taşınması işlevini gerçekleştiren Otonom Mobil Robot (OMR)’nin tasarım ve analizi yapılmıştır. OMR’lerin özellikle operatör ve sürücüye ihtiyaç duymaması gibi özellikleri onlara geniş bir kullanım alanı sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma için özgün bir OMR tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarımı yapılan OMR’nin 1000, 1500 ve 2000 kg yük altında meydana gelen deformasyon ve gerilme analizi yapılmıştır. Tasarım gerçekleştirilirken OMR’nin taşıyıcı şasesinde meydana gelen deformasyon ve gerilmenin yükten bağımsız olması özelliği düşünülmüştür. Elde edilen analiz sonuçları ile tasarımın bu özelliği sağladığı simülasyon yardımıyla ispatlanmıştır. Her üç yük için de analiz sonuçlarında şasenin dayanımı yaklaşık aynı çıkmıştır. Böylece, taşıyıcı şasenin boyutları ve yapısından bağımsız olan ve yalnızca taşıyıcı tekerlerin toplam kapasitesi kadar yük taşıyabilen bir OMR elde edilmiştir.
Necessidades de mães de bebês internados em UTI Neonatal de uma maternidade privada
Authors: Barcellos Alline Silva Pimentel , Inácio Geovanna Porto , Porto Joana D´Arc Silvério
Published: July 2021

RESUMO

A hospitalização do bebê na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTI Neo) pode ser acompanhada de momentos de instabilidade, insegurança e rupturas na relação mãe-bebê. A mãe tem um papel importante no desenvolvimento e recuperação do bebê nesta unidade. Desse modo são imprescindíveis a atenção e o cuidado com essas mães. Esta pesquisa identificou a importância e a satisfação das necessidades de mães com bebês internados na UTI Neo de uma maternidade particular. Participaram15 mães, com idade média 28 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: questionário sociodemográfico e o Inventário de Necessidades e Estressores de Familiares em Terapia Intensiva (INEFTI). Os resultados evidenciaram que as mães avaliaram as cinco dimensões segurança, proximidade, informação, conforto e suporte como muito importantes a importantíssimas. No entanto, alguns itens demonstraram insatisfação, principalmente no que se refere ao conforto. Espera-se que esses resultados possam atender as necessidades das mães ao favorecer o diálogo, o cuidado e criar melhores condições de acolhimento e de espaço físico para amenizar o sofrimento advindo desse período de internação do bebê na UTI Neo.

 

ABSTRACT

The hospitalization of the baby in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (Neo ICU) may be accompanied by moments of instability, insecurity and ruptures in the mother-baby relationship. The mother plays an important role in the baby's development and recovery in this unit. Thus, attention and care to these mothers are essential. This research identified the importance and satisfaction of the needs of mothers with babies admitted to the Neo ICU of a private maternity hospital. Fifteen mothers, mean age 28 years, participated. The instruments used for data collection were: a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Inventory of Needs and Stressors of Families in Intensive Care (INEFTI). The results showed that the mothers evaluated the five dimensions safety, closeness, information, comfort and support as very important to very important. However, some items showed dissatisfaction, especially regarding comfort. It is expected that these results may meet the mothers' needs by favoring dialogue, care and creating better conditions for welcoming and physical space to ease the suffering resulting from this period of hospitalization of the baby in the Neo ICU.
Contribuição das Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária nas internações hospitalares do estado do Maranhão entre 2010 e 2014
Authors: Olímpio Maria Sabrina Medeiros , Do Nascimento Renata Silva , Olímpio Ana Priscila Medeiros
Published: July 2021

A Atenção Primária a Saúde (APS), porta de entrada preferencial do sistema público de saúde, pode resolver até 90% dos casos que lhe são demandados. Logo, sua não efetividade aumenta a demanda nos demais níveis de atenção e afeta a resolutividade dos mesmos. Para avaliar a eficiência da APS, criou-se o indicador de Internações por condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (ICSAP), ou seja, internações evitáveis caso os serviços de atenção básica sejam efetivos e acessíveis. No Brasil, as ICSAP são listadas pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) na Portaria N° 221, de 17 de abril de 2008, em 19 grupos de causas de internações e 74 diagnósticos.
Towards Detecting Flooding DDOS Attacks Over Software Defined Networks Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Jose Ancy Sherin , Nair Latha R , Paul Varghese
Published: July 2021

Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS) has emerged as a major threat to cyber space. A DDoS attack aims at exhausting the resources of the victim causing financial and reputational damages to it. The availability of free software make launching of DDoS attacks easy. The difficulty in differentiating a DDoS traffic from a legitimate traffic burst such as a flash crowd makes DDoS difficult to be identified. A wide range of techniques have been used in conventional networks to detect and mitigate DDoS attacks. Though the advent of Software Defined Networking (SDN) makes a network easy to be managed even SDN is vulnerable to DDoS attacks. In this case, the controller of the SDN gets overloaded with the incoming packets from the switches. In fact, a solution based on security analytics can be put in place to ward off this threat as a proactive security measure using the flow level statistics available from the SDN. Compared to the packet analysis used in traditional networks which is resource expensive the flow level statistics is relatively inexpensive. This paper focuses on the design and implementation of an attack detection system for detecting the flooding DDoS attacks TCP SYN flooding attacks, HTTP request flooding attacks, UDP flooding attacks and ICMP flooding attacks over SDN network traffic. The system uses various classification algorithms to classify a traffic into normal or attack. The feature sets for classification were arrived at using a feature selection module with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) F-Test statistical method. Performance evaluation of each of the classifiers was carried out for the three feature sets obtained from the feature selection module using various performance measures and the results have been tabulated. The feature set which gives the best performance in detecting malicious traffic has been identified.
Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Literature and an Empirical Study
Authors: Patil Bharat Chavan , Farooqui Dr. Safia
Published: July 2021

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a buzzword worldwide. Today many organizations are facing challenge of integration of CSR in business. Stakeholders expect some more from businesses organization than merely pursuing growth and profitability. In the year 1946, the Fortune released a story that said the owners of businesses were answerable to the outcomes of their deeds beyond a much wider scope than their bottom-line figures. This is the time when the term CSR was given so much focus. More than Ninety percent of the owners who read this, agreed to it. Bowen (1953) and Carroll (1999) have also highlighted in their research that the question is, as owners of businesses what kind of rational accountability do they have to presuppose towards the society at large? It was also defined by Bowen that, owners are expected to practice those strategies, resolutions and deeds that put them in an advantageous position and align their goals to all those important purposes which society holds. Social Responsibility has also gained popularity in academics as well as practical propositions since it has been found that more than ninety percent of the top 500 fortune companies portrayed CSR as a very important goal and vigorously endorse their socially responsible programmes in their annual reports. As per the Legislative bill passed by the Indian Government, all topnotch organizations are obliged to contribute at least 2 percent of their proceeds to Social responsible activities. The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is old in India since many years. It arose from the 'Vedic period' when history was not recorded in India. In those days Kings had a limitation towards society and merchants displayed their own small business responsibility by building places of worship, education, inns and wells.
The Effect Of Partner Capabilities, Economic Benefits And Trust To Continue Channel Partnership by MSMEs
Authors: Aliyafi'iy Mohammad Syukron , Sanaji
Published: July 2021

The development of a business model requires SMEs to develop and strive to make their business run smoothly and develop for the better. Therefore, to catch up with big business competitors, it requires business cooperation. This study aims to determine the effect of partner capabilities and economic benefits on the decision to continue a business partnership that mediated by trust. To analyze the model, this study used 80 SMEs that partnered with Lamongan Mart. We used the partial least square (PLS) method to test the hypothesis. The results show that there is a significant effect of partner capability on trust. Economic benefits have a significant effect on trust. The decision to continue the partnership is significantly influenced by the partner's capabilities and economic benefits. Trust has a significant effect on the decision to continue the partnership. In conclusion, trust can mediate partner capabilities and economic benefits to the decision to continue the partnership.
Student’s Awareness in Basic First Aid and their Academic Performance
Authors:   Teacher II, Department of Education, Monge Majal B.
Published: July 2021

Emergency cases and any untoward incidents may happen anytime and anywhere. Thus, first aid is an invaluable skill one must learn. Since children spend considerable time at school, knowledge, and awareness in first aid is important especially in situations requiring the skill. This quantitative inquiry investigated the level of awareness of students in performing basic first aid and explores the relationship to their academic performance. It utilized a researcher-made questionnaire to answer the descriptive and inferential questions. It was revealed that students are in high level in performing first aid in burns, wounds and bleeding, and fracture considering the variables. Thus, a very satisfactory level was culled out. In addition, a significant difference exists in their level of awareness and academic performance of students when grouped according to sex, and section. But, there was a positive significant relationship between the student’s awareness in performing first aid and their academic performance. Therefore, the two major areas have direct relationship. It is recommended that a regular emergency awareness campaign be conducted to students to maintain and improve to a highest level. As such, teachers should be provided with the trends in emergency response to effectively teach the concepts of first aid in high competence.
Epidemic Cycle
Authors:   Mathematics, Wayne State University, Michigan, USA, Brierly Joseph E
Published: July 2021

This article explains the natural progression of a typical viral epidemic. Epidemics historically go through a progressive cycle because once a person is victimized normally there is an immune and non-infectious period of one or more years. At this time both immunity and infectiousness has not been scientifically verified for the Covid-19 virus. However, likely the Covid-19 virus will progress the way of other past virus epidemics. At present there is much untested and possibly unreliable information regarding the Covid-19 epidemic. This article shows the most likely way the Covid-19 epidemic will progress over time.
SCHOOL HYGIENE PROMOTION APPROACHES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PUPIL’S HYGIENE PRACTICES IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN DAGORETTI, NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Kathuni Styvers , Akunga Daniel , Kitur Esther , Letema Sammy
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine hygiene promotion approaches that were being employed by public primary schools in Dagoretti North and South Sub Counties in Nairobi City County and whether the approaches influenced hygiene behaviors that were practiced by pupils.

Methodology: The study applied a descriptive cross-sectional design. Questionnaires were administered to 384 pupils with the aim of collecting data on hygiene knowledge and practices. A questionnaire was also used to collect data on hygiene promotion approaches from 32 school health teachers. Pupils’ demographic data was collected from school head teachers. Five key informant interviews were conducted with Nairobi City County public health and education officers and a staff from a non-governmental organization that was implementing school hygiene activities in Dagoretti South and North Sub Counties. Observation checklists were used to triangulate information on hygiene practices by pupils. Analysis was done using SPSS software.

Findings: Results indicate that 95.6% of the pupils practiced hand washing at critical times, 98.7% used the toilet while 85.4% safely disposed solid waste. The study reveals that water, sanitation and hygiene in schools approach is implemented by 31.3% of the school health teachers. There was a significant relationship between school health clubs approach and hand washing at critical times (p=0.04) and proper solid waste disposal (p=0.02). One way analysis of variance established that there is a significant difference among hygiene promotion approaches and pupils hygiene knowledge, F(5, 162) = 6.41, p <.05 ƞ²p = 0.076.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study establishes that different hygiene promotion approaches have the potential to influence hygiene practices and in particular, hand washing at critical times and proper solid waste disposal amongst pupils. The study recommends the use of school health clubs approach for hygiene promotion at public primary schools
Penyuluhan manfaat buah naga merah dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah pada penderita diabetes melitus
Authors: Chrisanto Eka Yudha , Rachmawati Megah , Yulendasari Rika
Published: July 2021

Abstrak. Menurut International Diabetes Federation (IDF) pada tahun 2015, prevalensi jumlah DM di dunia sebesar 8,8 persen dengan jumlah penderita sebesar 415 juta penderita dan pada 2040 diperkirakan akan meningkat sejumlah 642 juta penderita (10,4 persen) (IDF, 2015). Sedangkan Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-7 penderita diabetes terbanyak di dunia. Salah satu buah yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk perbaikan diet penderita diabetes melitus adalah buah naga yang memiliki keunggulan yaitu kaya serat dan antioksidan. Tujuan setelah penyuluhan dan demonstrasi, diharapkan pembuatan jus buah naga merah dapat untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa pada klien diabetes melitus. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa penyuluhan menggunakan leaflet dan demonstrasi pemberian buah naga merah. Terdapat penurunan kadar glukosa pada klien diabetes melitus setelah pemberian buah naga merah selama 10 hari di Bandar Lampung. Dengan demikian, pemberian buah naga merah pada klien diabetes melitus sangat efektif dalam menurunkan glukosa.  Abstract: According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2015, the prevalence of DM in the world (8.8 percent) with the number of sufferers at 415 million and 2040 it was expected to increase by 642 million patients (10.4 percent). While Indonesia ranks 7th most diabetics in the world. One of the fruits that can be used to improve the diet of diabetics is a dragon fruit that has the advantage of being rich in fiber and antioxidants. The Purpose after counseling and demonstration is expected to make red dragon fruit juice can reduce glucose levels in diabetes mellitus clients. The activities carried out in the form of counseling using leaflets and demonstrations giving red dragon fruit. There is a decrease in glucose levels in diabetes mellitus clients after giving red dragon fruit for 10 days at Bandar Lampung. Thus, giving red dragon fruit to diabetes mellitus clients is very effective in reducing glucose.
BİR SANATÇI KİTABI: ANSELM KIEFER’İN GILGAMIŞ MİTİ
Authors: SUCUOĞLU DOĞAN Melis , YAVUZ AZERİ Nevin
Published: July 2021

Sanatçı kitaplarının modern sanat akımlarının etkisiyle 20. yy.’da önem kazanmaya başladığı ve Yeni Dışavurumculuk (Neo-Expresyonizm) akımının önemli temsilcilerinden olan Anselm Kiefer gibi çeşitli sanatçıların da bu alana yöneldikleri görülmektedir. Kiefer İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın etkilerini yansıttığı eserleri ile tanınmaktadır. Savaşın yıkıcılığını ve tahribatını konu alan sanatçı aynı zamanda mitoloji, doğu mistisizmi ve felsefe gibi farklı alanlarla da ilgilenmektedir. Bu ilgisinin ışığında mitolojik unsurları sanatına konu edinen sanatçı, 1980’li yıllarda üretmiş olduğu “Sedir Ormanında Gılgamış ve Enkidu III” (Gilgamesch und Enkidu im Zedernwald III) adlı eserini sanatçı kitabı olarak yayınlamıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında sanatçı kitaplarının ortaya çıkış süreciyle birlikte modern sanatçıların sanatçı kitabı üretme sürecine ve Kiefer’in üretmiş olduğu sanatçı kitaplarına değinilmiştir. Kiefer’in “Sedir Ormanında Gılgamış ve Enkidu III” adlı eseri çerçevesinde Gılgamış mitosu ile kurduğu bağ mitolojik unsurlar ile analiz edilmeye çalışılmış, mitosun özünde yer edinen temel kavramlar üzerinden oluşturulan malzeme dili incelenmiş, kitaptaki eserler “sanatçı merkezli yaklaşım” ve “yapıt merkezli yaklaşım” yöntemi ile analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Bulgular sonucunda sanatçı kitaplarının sanatın çeşitli ifade biçimleri ile birleşerek yeni bir disiplin alanı oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Bu değişim, sanatçı kitaplarının sanat eseri olarak kabul görmesini sağlamıştır. Eserlerinin biricik olma özelliği ile Kiefer sanatçı kitaplarının önemli temsilcilerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Buna rağmen sanatçının kitap eserlerinin literatürde yeterince yer edinmediği gözlenmiştir.
A influência das atividades extracurriculares na empregabilidade do egresso do curso de Secretariado Executivo Trilíngue da Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Authors: Marques Gabriela Carneiro , Bastos Filho Reinaldo Antônio , Silva Junior Alessandro Carlos , Costa Adriana Pereira
Published: July 2021

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre a participação em atividades extracurriculares e a empregabilidade dos egressos do curso de Secretariado Executivo Trilíngue da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). Por meio de cálculo amostral e um questionário semiestruturado aplicado aos egressos do curso, que se graduaram a partir do ano de 2006, foi possível verificar as atividades extracurriculares realizadas por eles durante a graduação e quais contribuíram para suas formações profissionais. Portanto, analisaram-se, as principais habilidades desenvolvidas como decorrentes da participação em tais atividades. Ademais, foram identificadas as competências consideradas pelos participantes como essenciais para a inserção no mercado de trabalho. A partir da análise dos dados, foi possível constatar que as vivências nas atividades extracurriculares influenciaram positivamente na empregabilidade desses egressos, uma vez que puderam desenvolver habilidades consideradas como necessárias ao perfil profissional procurado pelos empregadores. ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to analyze the relationship between the participation in extracurricular activities and the employability of the graduates of the Trilingual Executive Secretariat course of Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV).  Through a semistructured questionnaire, that was administered to the interviewed, that graduated after the year of 2006, it was possible to verify the extracurricular activities that they participated in while they were students, and which of those activities contributed to their vocational training. The main abilities developed resulting from the participation in such activities were also evaluated. Furthermore, the skills considered essential for them to enter the job market were identified.  From the analysis of the data, it was possible to confirm that the involvement in extracurricular activities positively influenced their employability, once they were able to develop abilities required by the employers nowadays.
Prognostic Value Of Vascular Invasion In Breast Tumours In She-Dogs (Pilot Study)
Authors: Kovalenko Maksym , Bilyi Dmytro
Published: July 2021

Breast tumours are the most common neoplasm in intact she-dogs. However, breast tumours in she-dogs differ significantly in morphological features and biological behaviour, so the definition of prognostic factors is relevant. A study on tumour cell dissemination in breast tumours in she-dogs by migration of these cells into blood and lymphatic vessels depending on their histological characteristics and disease stage was conducted. The study of the problem was performed on the basis of the clinic of modern veterinary medicine “Best” in Zaporizhzhia. She-dogs with breast neoplasms of different ages and breeds were used as objects in the proven absence of signs of metastatic lesions of other organs and tissues, including lungs, abdominal organs and bones. The presence of cancer cells in the vessels was determined by the tumour clots formed by them, fixed to the endothelium. The study revealed the presence of angioinvasion regardless of the clinical stage of the tumour process. In this case, the dissemination of tumour cells by migration into lymphatic vessels was observed only in the second clinical stage of breast tumours. In patients with stage 1 breast cancer in the vast majority of cases (66.7% of patients) angioinvasion is registered in the micropapillary invasive carcinomas (ICD-O code 8507/2). Tumour cells in blood vessels were verified in simple cribriform carcinoma (ICD-O code 8201/3) in more than 80% of she-dogs with stage 3 breast cancer. In contrast to the above groups, in patients with stage 2 cancer, migration of tumour cells into both blood and lymphatic vessels was found. Most often the signs of angio- and lymphoinvasion were found in invasive carcinoma mixed type (ICD-O code 8562/3), tubulopapillary carcinoma (ICD-O code 8503/3), and tubular carcinoma (ICD-O code 8211/3) ‒ in 34.1% and 36.8%, 19.3% and 26.3%, 17.0% and 10.5% of cases, respectively. The obtained results allow predicting the probability of penetration of tumour cells into blood and lymphatic vessels with a high degree of reliability, which in the future can better predict the biological behaviour of breast tumours
Biological Features Of The Distribution Of Root Systems Of Perennial Legume Grasses In The Context Of Climate Change
Authors: Tkachuk Oleksandr
Published: July 2021

The key factor in the choice of perennial legume grasses in the face of climate change is their drought resistance, because the development of roots directly affects this property, as well as determines their fertility. The purpose of the study was to establish what morphological and biological characteristics of grass roots ensure economic characteristics in the context of climate change. Methods of observation, comparison, and field experiment were used. The study found that the roots of alfalfa have the greatest depth in the soil, spread in the horizontal direction, the thickness of the root neck and lateral roots, which ensures plasticity, durability, and productivity of its crops. The roots of white melilot have the greatest depth in the soil, the thickness of the root neck, central root and lateral roots, their spread in the horizontal direction, which affects the drought and frost resistance of crops. The roots of birdsfoot trefoil are distinguished by the greatest number of renewal buds on the root neck, the smallest depth, and the thickness of the root neck, which affects productive longevity and the possibility of growth in poor and acidic soils. The roots of eastern galega have the greatest depth of the main plant, distribution in the horizontal direction, the thickness of the central root, which affects productive longevity and high biological plasticity. The roots of Hungarian sainfoin are distinguished by the greatest distribution in the horizontal direction and the deepest placement of the main branching, which affects high biological resistance to adverse growing conditions. It was also found out that the roots of meadow clover have the smallest spread radius in the horizontal plane, the thickness of the central and lateral roots, which determines the possibility of its cultivation in the field crop rotation. These findings would facilitate the selection of perennial legume grasses to achieve their full potential in the face of climate change
Cluster Analysis Of Triticum L. Samples Of Different Ecological And Geographical Origin
Authors: Chuprina Yulia
Published: July 2021

This research paper is devoted to the application of cluster analysis for evaluating samples of soft spring wheat by elements of crop structure. The purpose of the study is to analyse the intraspecific and interspecific variability of morphological features of samples of spring wheat of various ecological and geographical origin according to 8 morphological features. Observations were carried out in 2018-2020 in the training and experimental production centre “Doslidne pole” of the Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaev. The cluster analysis of the collection of spring wheat samples, which included 76 samples of various ecological and geographical origin, allowed the study to assess the following features: the presence of awns, the colour of awns, the colour of ear scales, the pubescence of leaves, the pubescence of the subcrown internode, the pubescence of the ear internode, the colour of caryopsis, the colour of straw. The results of analysis of the phylogeny of various types of spring wheat by cluster analysis using morphological markers to determine homogeneous groups are presented, and the affected tree of systematic formation of clustering groups is established. Based on the cluster analysis, two separate groups of soft spring wheat samples were identified according to the complex of plant productivity elements. Samples are grouped into each cluster depending on the quantitative characteristics of the crop structure and their interaction with each other. In general, all samples over the years of study showed good results, namely based on “colour of awns”, of particular note are the samples of the Tr. persicumspecies. According to the results obtained, all samples have good indicators, and cluster analysis of soft spring wheat samples allowed identifying groups of plants that exceed the parent forms in the optimal set of economically valuable traits, which would allow for a more purposeful selection of valuable forms based on certain traits
The Content Of Chlorophyll And Nutrients In Apple Leaves Depending On Long-Term Fertiliser
Authors: Yakovenko Roman , Kopytko Petro , Pelekhatyi Vadym
Published: July 2021

An indicator of the condition of plants, depending on the growing conditions, is the state of their leaf apparatus, which is described by the content of chlorophyll and nutrients in the leaf. The leaf of an apple-tree provides synthesis of organic substances, productivity of fruit trees depends on features of its vital activity. As a method of diagnosing the mineral nutrition of fruit crops, the chemical analysis of the leaves is important, the indicators of which reflect the levels of plant nutrients. The results of studies of chlorophyll content and nutrients in the leaves of apple trees of Calville Blanc d'hiver on seed and Idared on seed and vegetative M4 rootstocks in re-grown plantations on mineral nutrition, created by long-term (over 86 years) application of various systems of comfort podzolized soil. Longterm use of organic and organo-mineral fertiliser systems contributed to an increase in chlorophyll content (a+b) in the leaves of Idared apple trees on seed and clone M4 rootstocks and Calville Blanc d'hiver on seed rootstock at different age periods of growth and fructification, which conditioned their further productivity. The content of macronutrients in the leaves of the studied cultivar combinations depended on the age of plantations and fertiliser options. In the most productive period of fructification in the leaves of Idared trees on seed and vegetative rootstocks, the nitrogen content in the areas of fertiliser options was within optimal limits. Among the studied rootstocks in the variant without fertilisers, the highest nitrogen content in the leaves was described by trees on the seed rootstock. In the leaf of the Calville Blanc d'hiver variety, the nitrogen content on the seed rootstocks in the studied variants was within the optimal range, and among the fertiliser variants the highest was for the application of mineral fertilisers. The content of phosphorus and potassium in the leaves of the trees of the studied rootstock combinations in the areas of fertiliser variants was within optimal limits