bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broad thermal tolerance and high mitochondrial genetic connectivity in the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides)
Authors: Eaton Katherine M. , Samenuk Jacob E. , Thaxton Laurel , Chaves Victoria , Bernal Moisés A.
Published: November 2024

Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) are highly abundant in coastal ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic Ocean and serve as a crucial link in marine food webs. Despite their ecological relevance, little is known about this species' susceptibility to anthropogenic climate change. Here, we characterized patterns of mitochondrial genetic divergence and examined the upper thermal tolerance of pinfish across a large portion of the species' range. We found little evidence of population genetic differentiation among distant localities with divergent temperature regimes (e.g., Mexico and North Carolina), using two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome b [CytB] and cytochrome c oxidase I [COI]). This suggests high genetic connectivity, which implies low potential for local adaptation of populations to different thermal conditions along a latitudinal gradient. To further examine population‐scale differences in thermal tolerance, we assessed the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of pinfish from four localities: North Carolina, Florida Keys, Alabama, and Texas. We found that CTmax was similar across sites, with all localities showing an average CTmax within a 1°C temperature range (34.5–35.5°C). This suggests that southern populations of pinfish may be more susceptible to the detrimental effects of ocean warming, as individuals in lower latitudes regularly experience temperatures within a few degrees of their CTmax. Finally, we examined the influence of varying salinity on the upper thermal limit of the pinfish and found that pinfish show no variation in CTmax under salinity conditions ranging from hypo‐ to hypersaline (15–35 ppt). These results show that pinfish can tolerate a wide range of environmental parameters but may rely on phenotypic plasticity, rather than local adaptation, to distinct conditions to cope with different environmental regimes.
The impact of government size on corruption: A meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Bonanno Graziella , Errico Lucia , Fiorino Nadia , Ricciuti Roberto
Published: November 2024

Government size—the degree of participation by governments in the economy—has been considered a potential breeding ground for corruption. However, heterogeneity in reported findings— reflecting different viewpoints on the role of large governments—makes it difficult to assess the size of the effect and, consequently, the design of anti‐corruption measures. To address this issue, we perform a meta‐regression analysis (MRA) of the literature on government size and corruption, examining 450 empirical estimates retrieved from 44 primary papers published from 1998 to 2022. We find that the considerable heterogeneity in results depends mainly on whether or not the paper is published, if it accounts for endogeneity, and whether it uses panel or cross‐sectional data. There is evidence of bias in favor of publishing studies reporting a positive effect‐size estimate. However, after controlling for publication selection bias, a negative or zero mean effect remains, which overturns the conventional wisdom. Moreover, the type of measures of corruption has a significant impact on the sign of the relationship with government size. Finally, several robustness checks confirm our main results.
Repercussions of Long‐Term Naproxen Administration on LPS‐Induced Periodontitis in Male Mice
Authors: Carvalho Jhonatan de Souza , Ramadan Dania , de Carvalho Gabriel Garcia , de Paiva Gonçalves Vinícius , Pelegrin Álvaro Formoso , de Assis Renata Pires , Brunetti Iguatemy Lourenço , Muscara Marcelo Nicolas , Spolidorio Denise Madalena , Spolidorio Luís Carlos
Published: November 2024

Aims

Chronic periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent disease worldwide and the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. With growing attention on the role of inflammatory and immune responses in its pathogenesis, there is an urgent need to evaluate host‐modulatory agents. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) drugs play a crucial role in managing inflammatory conditions. This study examined the repercussions of long‐term naproxen use in a periodontal inflammation model known for causing significant inflammation, disrupting epithelial and connective tissue attachment and leading to alveolar bone destruction.

Methods

Thirty BALB/c mice were treated with naproxen for 60 days or left untreated. From Day 30, an LPS solution was injected into gingival tissues three times per week for four weeks. This model enables LPS control over the inflammatory stimulus intensity throughout the experimental period, leading to chronic inflammation development involving both innate and adaptive immunity. The liver, stomach and maxillae were submitted to histological analysis. The oxidative damage was determined by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO) in plasma and gingiva. The activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and levels of leukotriene B4, the interleukin (IL)‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10, the chemokine CCL11 were also assessed in the gingival tissues.

Results

The results indicated that none of the groups displayed any indications of liver damage or alterations; however, the NPx treatment led to severe gastric damage. In contrast, the treatment alleviated periodontal inflammation, resulting in a reduction of chronic and acute inflammatory cell infiltration and prevention of connective tissue loss in the gingival tissue. Additionally, the treatment increased the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx, as well as the IL‐10 cytokine, while decreasing the levels of leukotriene B4, TNF‐α, IL‐4 and IL‐5. Furthermore, the activities of MPO, EPO and LPO were reduced in the treated groups.

Conclusion

These results suggest that NPx effectively inhibits periodontal inflammation in an inflammatory periodontal model. However, the harmful gastric effects dramatically limit its long‐term use.
No negative impact of a vibro‐tactile supine‐avoidance alarm on sleep onset latency following supine posture shifts during sleep
Authors: Rahimi Matthew M. , Vakulin Andrew , Catcheside Peter G.
Published: November 2024

It is unclear to what extent posture shifts during sleep are associated with prior arousal and full awakening, and if supine‐avoidance alarms to discourage supine sleep promote more extended wake following supine alarms. Thus, this study sought to examine relationships between posture shifts, arousals and awakenings, and to establish if a vibro‐tactile supine‐avoidance alarm delays the return to sleep following supine posture shifts. Detailed posture shift and sleep data from a chest‐worn device with an inactive or active supine‐avoidance alarm, and in‐home sleep study data were from 37 participants who completed a randomised controlled trial of supine‐avoidance device treatment for supine‐predominant obstructive sleep apnea. Posture shifts, sleep, arousal and awakening responses, and sleep onset latency following posture shifts were compared between baseline and supine‐avoidance treatment nights. Compared to baseline, there was a marked reduction in overnight supine time with active supine‐avoidance treatment. Around 90% of posture shifts were preceded by either wake, arousal or full awakening. Sleep onset latency was longer for posture shifts occurring from prior wake compared to those from prior sleep but was not different between baseline or supine‐avoidance treatment nights or between shifts from non‐supine to supine or vice‐versa. Most overnight posture shifts are associated with either prior wake or brief arousal, which likely facilitates co‐ordinated body movements needed for effective posture shifts. Thus, sleep is typically already interrupted around the time that supine‐avoidance alarms are activated, and the alarm itself does not significantly delay the return to sleep.
Root Traits: A Key for Breeding Climate‐Smart Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Nirmalaruban Rajamani , Yadav Rajbir , S. Sugumar , Meda Alekya , Babu Prashanth , Kumar Manjeet , Gaikwad Kiran B. , Bainsla Naresh Kumar , Singh Shiv Kumar , R. Suvitha , Rahimi Mehdi
Published: November 2024

Climate change poses a serious threat to global food security by introducing uncertainty in production condition including water availability to growing crops. Technological intervention like improved crop adaptation and higher yield potential through breeding are immediately needed to ensure better availability of food to still growing low‐ and middle‐income societies like South Asia. Root traits, such as root system architecture, root biomass, root angle, xylem diameter, root hairs, root length and root hydraulics, are crucial for plant adaptation to variable environments, but they are often overlooked in the most of crop improvement programme because of difficulty in scoring these traits. Water banking by optimization hydraulic efficiency of vascular system through reduced root density and reduced xylem diameter can play important role for adaptation for reduced water availability. The challenges of nondestructive screening in the segregating generation hampers the genetic progress Recent advances in high‐throughput phenotyping facilities and identification of molecular markers has made the selection in breeding population feasible. This review explores how root morphology and anatomy influence water and nutrient uptake and how high‐throughput phenotyping and genotyping can facilitate the identification of root traits associated with climate resilience. As outcome of the study, we propose an ideal wheat ideotype with deep roots, narrow root angles and low axial hydraulic conductance combined with high xylem hydraulic safety in pursuit of climate‐smart wheat crops thriving under decreasing water availability throughout the growing season. In this review, we have also discussed the root‐related quantitative trait loci/genes in wheat and its related species to facilitate comparative genomic analyses and their subsequent integration in the breeding programme. The review thus highlights the potential importance of optimization of metaxylem vessel size, root biomass, root length, roots hairs and understanding soil microbiota and its interaction with different root phenes in designing the better wheat ideotypes, which can offer the potential solution to climate change in the future.
Intergroup political theater: Transforming social representations among peace leaders in contested territories
Authors: Montiel Cristina J. , Soler Mary Kathleen B. , Bigsang Ronaldo T. , Uyheng Joshua , Aguja Mario J.
Published: November 2024

Territorial contestations entrench opposed groups within tight political and psychological constraints, seemingly rendering improvements to intergroup relations intractable. In this paper, we examine political theater as a novel tool for enabling intergroup dialogue to transform social representations of intergroup relations. Participants are selected leaders from two groups involved in a territorial conflict in the Philippines: community leaders of the Guardians of the Marsh (N = 7), closely entwined with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front; and Christian sociologists doing peace projects at the Mindanao State University—General Santos City (N = 5). We describe the design and implementation of a set of culturally embedded, participatory, and power‐sensitive theater exercises to facilitate intergroup dialogue between community leaders. Through a mixed methods analytical strategy, we compare participants' theater utterances in the first and second halves of the workshop. Triangulated results from quantitative and qualitative analysis show shifts in social representations toward more just and trusting intergroup relationships. The study affirms the usefulness of political theater as a tool for intergroup dialogue, customized to conditions of asymmetric conflict between two groups embroiled in territorial conflict. Furthermore, we caution against using conventional intergroup dialogue as a tool for peacebuilding, when features of dialogue support the underlying structural foundations of inequality and muted resentments.
Native for a Day: Non‐Native Perceptions of Native American Life
Authors: Welch Levin Elias , McDermott Monica
Published: November 2024

Social science research about non‐Native attitudes and beliefs about Native Americans (NA) shows that stereotypes are widely endorsed and that their racist content has changed little from the original imperial conception of “the Indian” described in critical historiography and Native studies. What we understand less is how non‐Natives understand NA in relation to the self and how this relationship might reproduce or challenge racial hierarchy. We explored attitudes toward NA among a multi‐racial sample from Arizona using a perspective‐taking exercise, asking interviewees, “If you were to become a Native American person for just a few days, how do you think your life would be different?” Responses expressed stereotypes, recognition of discrimination, and claims of sameness. Stereotypes reflect an endorsement of both negative and positive stereotypes of NA by interviewees. Recognition of discrimination reflects participants' awareness of inequality in the experiences and circumstances of NA relative to non‐NA. Claims of sameness reflect colorblind views of NA. We demonstrate perspective‐taking questions as useful for the sociology of the self and other.
Retrospective study on Encephalitozoon cuniculi infections in 118 cat and 9 dog eyes
Authors: Hofmann‐Wellenhof Sophie , Nell Barbara
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to inform about the clinical image, diagnostic possibilities, and treatment options for cats and dogs diagnosed with ocular encephalitozoonosis.

Materials and Methods

Medical records of 7 dogs and 75 cats with ocular encephalitozoonosis presented at the Clinical Unit of Ophthalmology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna between 08/2006 and 02/2022 have been compiled. Diagnosis was based on the presence of cataracts and positive antibody titer against Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Patient history, details on the characteristics of the cataracts, level of antibody titers, and the treatment regimen were summarized, as are the results of histological stainings of surgical samples to determine the presence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi, as well as PCR analyses to identify its sub‐strains.

Results

Our analysis of the clinical data shows that focal cortical anterior cataracts often associated with anterior uveitis and lesions in the fundus are the most prevalent manifestation of ocular encephalitozoonosis in cats and dogs.

Conclusion

Serological testing and PCR analysis of lens material are the most important diagnostic tools. Timely phacoemulsification with adjuvant anti‐inflammatory and antiparasitic medication is the most promising therapy for Encephalitozoon cuniculi‐induced cataracts.
On the properness of the moduli space of stable surfaces over
$\mathbb{Z}$
[1/30]
Authors: Arvidsson Emelie , Bernasconi Fabio , Patakfalvi Zsolt
Published: November 2024

We show the properness of the moduli stack of stable surfaces over

$\mathbb{Z}\left[ {1/30} \right]$

, assuming the locally-stable reduction conjecture for stable surfaces. This relies on a local Kawamata–Viehweg vanishing theorem for 3-dimensional log canonical singularities at closed point of characteristic

$p \ne 2,3$

and

$5$

, which are not log canonical centres.
Genus-zero r-spin theory
Authors: Cavalieri Renzo , Kelly Tyler L. , Silversmith Rob
Published: November 2024

We provide an explicit formula for all primary genus-zero

$r$

-spin invariants. Our formula is piecewise polynomial in the monodromies at each marked point and in

$r$

. To deduce the structure of these invariants, we use a tropical realisation of the corresponding cohomological field theories. We observe that the collection of all Witten–Dijkgraaf–Verlinde–Verlinde (WDVV) relations is equivalent to the relations deduced from the fact that genus-zero tropical CohFT cycles are balanced.
Symmetric tensors on the intersection of two quadrics and Lagrangian fibration
Authors: Beauville Arnaud , Etesse Antoine , Höring Andreas , Liu Jie , Voisin Claire
Published: November 2024

Let

$X$

be an

$n$

-dimensional (smooth) intersection of two quadrics, and let

${T^{\rm{*}}}X$

be its cotangent bundle. We show that the algebra of symmetric tensors on

$X$

is a polynomial algebra in

$n$

variables. The corresponding map

${\rm{\Phi }}:{T^{\rm{*}}}X \to {\mathbb{C}^n}$

is a Lagrangian fibration, which admits an explicit geometric description; its general fiber is a Zariski open subset of an abelian variety, which is a quotient of a hyperelliptic Jacobian by a

$2$

-torsion subgroup. In dimension

$3$

,

${\rm{\Phi }}$

is the Hitchin fibration of the moduli space of rank

$2$

bundles with fixed determinant on a curve of genus

$2$

.
Iliac branch endoprosthesis for endovascular treatment of complex aorto‐iliac aneurysms – from device design to practical experience: how to translate physiology considerations into clinical applications
Authors: Pitoulias Apostolos G. , D΄Oria Mario , Donas Konstantinos P. , Jubouri Matti , Bailey Damian M. , Williams Ian M. , Bashir Mohamad
Published: November 2024

This article provides a narrative review of the current literature and our expert opinion concerning the iliac branch endoprosthesis (IBE) and its use in the treatment of complex abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) cases with concomitant aneurysmal involvement of the common iliac artery (CIA) and/or the internal iliac artery (IIA). Up to 25% of those with an AAA may present with extension of the aneurysmal disease into the iliac vessels. This anatomy may complicate the standard endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) procedure, as the available length of distal landing zones is altered. The optimum treatment requires both the adequate sealing of the distal landing zone as well as the preservation of the pelvic circulation through the IIA. Extensive preoperative assessment of the anatomy, as well as an accurate deployment following all procedural steps, enables endovascular treatment of complex aorto‐iliac aneurysms safe with excellent midterm clinical outcomes. The current literature shows that the utilization of the IBE offers a durable treatment of these complicated cases with results equal to those of the open repair, without the associated morbidity. Preservation of the pelvic circulation is recommended to prevent pelvic ischaemic symptoms and can also be carried out on both sides provided certain anatomical requirements are met.
Ecological response of Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Laelapidae) to Dermanyssus gallinae (Dermanyssidae)
Authors: Granich Juliana , Rodighero Luana Fabrina , Schlemer Sabrina Marion , Ferla Noeli Juarez
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the predation potential of Stratiolaelaps scimitus feeding on different stages of Dermanyssus gallinae (egg, immature and adult), under laboratory conditions. Stratiolaelaps scimitus showed a high survival rate, demonstrting that D. gallinae serves as adequate food for its development. It was observed that S. scimitus presented a fecundity rate of 11.70±1.20 eggs/female in an average period of 31.2±3.90 days, with the offspring demonstrating egg viability of 97.37%. Prepre-oviposition was 8.59±0.61 days, oviposition 31.17±3.86 days and post-oviposition 8.59±0.61 days. In this study, S. scimitus increased the net reproduction rate (Ro) about 8.53 times every 37.27 days (T=37.27.), corresponding to a daily population growth of 1.04 (λ = 01.04), and a production of 58 females/female/day (rm=58). The population doubling time (DT) was 11.89 days. Stratiolaelaps scimitus in this study developed and reproduced by feeding exclusively on D. gallinae. This predator is more efficient or prefers the immature phase of D. gallinae, followed by the adult and, to a lesser extent, the egg. Eggs may not provide the necessary nutrition for the predator, and adults, being nearly twice the size of the predator, may not be as easy to capture. Stratiolaelaps scimitus demonstrated to be able to control D. gallinae.
Climate refugia in the Great Barrier Reef may endure into the future
Authors: Sun Chaojiao , Steinberg Craig , Klein Salas Eduardo , Mellin Camille , Babcock Russell C. , Schiller Andreas , Cantin Neal E. , Stella Jessica S. , Baird Mark E. , Condie Scott A. , Hobday Alistair J. , Herzfeld Mike , Jones Nicole L. , Zhang Xuebin , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Fiedler Russ , Green Cody , Steven Andrew D. L.
Published: November 2024

Although global warming is leading to more frequent mass coral bleaching events worldwide, parts of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) have consistently escaped severe coral bleaching. Modeling and satellite observations show that climate refugia are created by the upwelling of cooler water to the surface through the interactions of tides and currents with dense reef structures. Here, we use a high-resolution nested regional ocean model to investigate the future status of two relatively large refugia. On the basis of model projections under a high-emission scenario, we find that the upwelling mechanisms will stay active in a warming climate, and these regions are likely to remain approximately more than 1°C cooler than surrounding waters until at least into the 2080s, providing thermal relief to corals. Identification and protection of these refugia may help facilitate reef survival and related biodiversity preservation by allowing their corals time to acclimatize and adapt and ultimately provide source populations to replenish the rest of the reef.
Computation-driven redesign of an NRPS-like carboxylic acid reductase improves activity and selectivity
Authors: Shi Kun , Li Ju-Mou , Wang Mu-Qiang , Zhang Yi-Ke , Zhang Zhi-Jun , Chen Qi , Hollmann Frank , Xu Jian-He , Yu Hui-Lei
Published: November 2024

Engineering nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) has been a “holy grail” in synthetic biology due to their modular nature and limited understanding of catalytic mechanisms. Here, we reported a computational redesign of the “gate-keeper” adenylation domain of the model NRPS-like enzyme carboxylic acid reductases (CARs) by using approximate mechanism-based geometric criteria and the Rosetta energy score. Notably,
Mab
CAR3 mutants ACA-1 and ACA-4 displayed a remarkable improvement in catalytic efficiency (
k
cat
/
K
M
) for 6-aminocaproic acid, up to 101-fold. Furthermore, G418K exhibited an 86-fold enhancement in substrate specificity for adipic acid compared to 6-aminocaproic acid. Our work provides not only promising biocatalysts for nylon monomer biosynthesis but also a strategy for efficient NRPSs engineering.
N-cadherin antagonism is bronchoprotective in severe asthma models
Authors: Pereira Nicolas L. , Schaible Niccole , Desai Abhishek , Chan Eunice C. , Ablooglu Ararat J. , Capuano Jacqueline , Lin Erika , An Zheming , Gebski Eric , Jester William , Ganesan Sundar , Balenga Nariman , Koziol-White Cynthia , Panettieri Reynold A. , Choudhury Sangita , Krishnan Ramaswamy , Druey Kirk M.
Published: November 2024

Severe asthma induces substantial mortality and chronic disability due to intractable airway obstruction, which may become resistant to currently available therapies including corticosteroids and β-adrenergic agonist bronchodilators. A key effector of these changes is exaggerated airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell contraction to spasmogens. No drugs in clinical use effectively prevent ASM hyperresponsiveness in asthma across all severities. We find that N-cadherin, a membrane cell-cell adhesion protein up-regulated in ASM from patients with severe asthma, is required for the development of airway obstruction induced by allergic airway inflammation in mice. Inhibition of N-cadherin by ADH-1 reduced airway hyperresponsiveness independent of allergic inflammation, prevented bronchoconstriction, and actively promoted bronchodilation of airways ex vivo. ADH-1 inhibited ASM contraction by disrupting N-cadherin–δ-catenin interactions, which decreased intracellular actin remodeling. These data provide evidence for an intercellular communication pathway mediating ASM contraction and identify N-cadherin as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting bronchoconstriction in asthma.
High temperatures are associated with decreased immune system performance in a wild primate
Authors: Lucore Jordan M. , Beehner Jacinta C. , White Amy F. , Sinclair Lorena F. , Martins Vasco Alexandre , Kovalaskas Sarah A. , Ordoñez Juan Carlos , Bergman Thore J. , Benítez Marcela E. , Marshall Andrew J.
Published: November 2024

Rising temperatures due to climate change are predicted to threaten the persistence of wild animals, but there is little evidence that climate change has pushed species beyond their thermal tolerance. The immune system is an ideal avenue to assess the effects of climate change because immune performance is sensitive to changes in temperature and immune competency can affect reproductive success. We investigate the effect of rising temperatures on a biomarker of nonspecific immune performance in a wild population of capuchin monkeys and provide compelling evidence that immune performance is associated with ambient temperature. Critically, we found that immune performance in young individuals is more sensitive to high temperatures compared to other age groups. Coupled with evidence of rising temperatures in the region, our results offer insight into how climate change will affect the immune system of wild mammals.
T cell receptor–centric perspective to multimodal single-cell data analysis
Authors: Mullan Kerry A. , Ha My , Valkiers Sebastiaan , de Vrij Nicky , Ogunjimi Benson , Laukens Kris , Meysman Pieter
Published: November 2024

The T cell receptor (TCR), despite its importance, is underutilized in single-cell analysis, with gene expression features solely driving current strategies. Here, we argue for a TCR-first approach, more suited toward T cell repertoires. To this end, we curated a large T cell atlas from 12 prominent human studies, containing in total 500,000 T cells spanning multiple diseases, including melanoma, head and neck cancer, blood cancer, and lung transplantation. Here, we identified severe limitations in cell-type annotation using unsupervised approaches and propose a more robust standard using a semi-supervised method or the TCR arrangement. We showcase the utility of a TCR-first approach through application of the STEGO.R tool for the identification of treatment-related dynamics and previously unknown public T cell clusters with potential antigen-specific properties. Thus, the paradigm shift to a TCR-first can highlight overlooked key T cell features that have the potential for improvements in immunotherapy and diagnostics.
Nanoscale covalent organic framework-mediated pyroelectrocatalytic activation of immunogenic cell death for potent immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xingguang , Gao Meng-Lu , Wang Shan-Shan , Hu Yizhi , Hou Dongzhi , Liu Pei-Nian , Xiang Huijing
Published: November 2024

The conventional molecular immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers suffer from poor biocompatibility and unsatisfactory efficacy. Here, a biocompatible nanosized covalent organic framework (nCOF)–based pyroelectric catalyst (denoted as TPAD-COF NPs) is designed for pyroelectric catalysis-activated in situ immunotherapy. TPAD-COF NPs confine organic pyroelectric molecules to rigid TPAD-COF NPs to substantially reduce aggregation and enhance biocompatibility, thus improving pyroelectrocatalytic efficiency. After tumor internalization, TPAD-COF NPs facilitate photothermal tumor ablation under near-infrared (NIR) laser exposure, resulting in effective ICD induction. In addition, TPAD-COF NPs effectively catalyze the conversion of temperature changes to pyroelectric changes, which subsequently react with adjacent O
2
to generate reactive oxygen species, thus triggering robust ICD activation. In vivo evaluation using mouse models confirmed that TPAD-COF NPs evidently inhibited the proliferation of primary and distant tumors and prevented lung metastasis under NIR laser illumination. Therefore, this study opens an avenue for designing nCOF-based catalysts for pyroelectric catalysis-activated in situ immunotherapy.
Triboelectric nanogenerator for high-entropy energy, self-powered sensors, and popular education
Authors: Xiang Huijing , Peng Lin , Yang Qiuxiang , Wang Zhong Lin , Cao Xia
Published: November 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has become a promising option for high-entropy energy harvesting and self-powered sensors because of their ability to combine the effects of contact electrification and electrostatic induction to effectively convert mechanical energy into electric power or signals. Here, the theoretical origin of TENG, strategies for high-performance TENG, and its applications in high-entropy energy, self-powered sensors, and blue energy are comprehensively introduced on the basis of the fundamental science and principle of TENG. Besides, a series of work in popular science education for TENG that includes numerous scientific and technological products from our science education base, Maxwell Science+, is emphatically introduced. This topic provides an angle and notable insights into the development of TENG.
Convergent evolution of berberine biosynthesis
Authors: Xu Zhichao , Tian Ya , Wang Jing , Ma Yuwei , Li Qi , Zhou Yuanze , Zhang Wanran , Liu Tingxia , Kong Lingzhe , Wang Yifan , Xie Ziyan , An Zhoujie , Zheng Baojiang , Zhang Yuhong , Cao Chang , Liu Chengwei , Tian Lixia , Fan Chengpeng , Liu Jiushi , Yao Hui , Song Jingyuan , Duan Baozhong , Liu Haitao , Gao Ranran , Sun Wei , Chen Shilin
Published: November 2024

Berberine is an effective antimicrobial and antidiabetic alkaloid, primarily extracted from divergent botanical lineages, specifically
Coptis
(Ranunculales, early-diverging eudicot) and
Phellodendron
(Sapindales, core eudicot). In comparison with its known pathway in
Coptis
species, its biosynthesis in
Phellodendron
species remains elusive. Using chromosome-level genome assembly, coexpression matrix, and biochemical assays, we identified six key steps in berberine biosynthesis from
Phellodendron amurense
, including methylation, hydroxylation, and berberine bridge formation. Notably, we discovered a specific class of
O
-methyltransferases (NOMT) responsible for
N
-methylation. Structural analysis and mutagenesis of PaNOMT9 revealed its unique substrate-binding conformation. In addition, unlike the classical FAD-dependent berberine bridge formation in Ranunculales,
Phellodendron
uses a NAD(P)H-dependent monooxygenase (PaCYP71BG29) for berberine bridge formation, originating from the neofunctionalization of tryptamine 5-hydroxylase. Together, these findings reveal the convergence of berberine biosynthesis between
Coptis
and
Phellodendron
and signify the role of the convergent evolution in plant specialized metabolisms.
Kribbella caucasensis sp. nov. from the Soil of the North Caucasus Mountains
Authors: Avtukh A. N. , Ariskina E. V. , Baryshnikova L. M. , Prisyazhnaya N. V. , Dorofeeva L. V. , Evtushenko L. I.
Published: November 2024

Mycelium-forming aerobic actinomycete, strain VKM Ас-2527T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the North Caucasus mountains. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of this strain to the type strains of the known Kribbella species ranged from 95.5 to 98.5%. The dDDH (23.1–26.3%) and ANIb (78.1–81.5%) values between VKM Ас-2527T and the type strains of the phylogenetically closest Kribbella species were below the thresholds for prokaryote species delineation. The conventional chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain VKM Ас-2527T were typical of the genus Kribbella: the LL-diaminopimelic acid (LL-A2pm) in the cell wall peptidoglycan, the major menaquinone МК-9(Н4), dominant fatty acids anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and anteiso-C17:0, and the PIII-type phospholipids (with phosphatidylcholine as the key diagnostic component). The cell wall also contained branched α-mannan characteristic of the genus and the teichulosonic acid of irregular structure. The cell wall sugars included mannose, galactose, rhamnose, 3-O-methylgalactose (madurose), and 2,3-di-O-methylgalactose. The genome size was 9.5 Mb, with 68.2% G+C content. Based on the results obtained in the present study and the previously published data, a new species, Kribbella caucasensis sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain VKM Ас-2527T.
Acquired progressive torcular dural arteriovenous fistula after subtotal resection of peritorcular meningioma
Authors: Erdenebold Undrakh-Erdene , Weeks Adrienne , Walling Simon , Volders David
Published: November 2024

A woman in her mid-50s who had undergone a subtotal resection of a peritorcular meningioma 3 years earlier presented with symptoms suggestive of increased intracranial pressure. A delayed diagnosis of a torcular dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) diagnosis was made on MRI. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed a torcular dAVF (Borden type II). Staged 3 rounds of transarterial (TA) embolisation were performed using n-butyl cyanoacrylate, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and coils of the complex torcular dAVF, which significantly reduced the flow and corresponded with improved symptoms of pulsatile tinnitus, vision and headache. We reviewed previously reported cases of dAVFs that developed after craniotomy for meningioma resection. Despite its rarity, a torcular dAVF can develop after craniotomy and progress from low to high grade due to its location. Diagnosis requires a thorough understanding of subtle imaging findings, which may be present in follow-up studies obtained for tumour surveillance.
Anaphylactic shock and cardiac arrest after intravenous injection of sulphur hexafluoride SonoVue
Authors: Nigolian Ani , Nigolian Haïg , Harr Thomas , Cook Stephane
Published: November 2024

A male patient in his early 60s was referred to the cardiology department for evaluation of a persistent apical ventricular thrombus following a myocardial infarction. Transthoracic echocardiography could not rule out the presence of an apical thrombus, leading to the intravenous administration of the contrast agent sulphur hexafluoride (SonoVue). The patient quickly exhibited signs of anaphylaxis accompanied by haemodynamic shock, resulting in cardiac arrest. He was successfully resuscitated with no significant secondary neurological impairment. According to the European Medicines Agency, anaphylactic reactions to the contrast agent sulphur hexafluoride (SonoVue) occur in approximately 1 in 10 000 cases. To our knowledge, this represents the first case of hypersensitivity to sulphur hexafluoride (SonoVue) confirmed by positive in vitro testing.
Can high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) be used as a prognostic marker of functional disability after acute ischaemic stroke? A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre in Eastern India
Authors: Vamshikrishnapatel Kotha , Biswas Ratnadeep , Kumar Vijay , Ojha Vishnu Shankar
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the correlation between highly sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels and indicators of disability and functional impairment in individuals presenting with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Department of General Medicine at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Eastern India from August 2022 to August 2023.

Participants

The study population comprised a total of 125 patients aged 18 years or more, presenting within 48 hours of symptom onset or time last known well and having confirmed ischaemic stroke through CT or MRI of the brain. Individuals with a history of prior stroke, other neurological disorders, active infections, known coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease and abnormal blood cell counts were excluded.

Primary outcome measures

Modified Rankin scale (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI) scores on day 2 and day 5 were the primary outcome measures.

Results

The hsCRP levels on day 2 and day 5 were significantly positively correlated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores with Spearman’s rho 0.303 (p=0.001) and 0.386 (p<0.001), respectively. The hsCRP on day 2 exhibited a significant association with mRS scores (p=0.04), indicating disability, but this significance was not sustained on day 5 (p=0.125). A negative correlation was observed between hsCRP and BI scores on both day 2 (Spearman’s rho=−0.265, p=0.003) and day 5 (Spearman’s rho=−0.297, p=0.002). While the hsCRP levels on day 2 did not differ significantly between fatal and non-fatal cases (p=0.110), the hsCRP levels on day 5 were significantly higher in fatal cases (p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study underscores the potential utility of hsCRP as a prognostic indicator in patients with AIS. Elevated hsCRP levels correlated with increased stroke severity and functional disability. Regular assessments of hsCRP in the early phase of AIS could contribute to predicting prognosis and guiding optimal patient management.
‘Maybe we’re not past the traditional gender roles then!’ Exploring less than full-time training among men in Scotland: a qualitative study
Authors: Stone Stephanie , Miller Joy , Johnston Peter
Published: November 2024

Objectives

A more sustainable work–life balance is desired by trainees, and increasing access to flexibility in training may improve staff morale and retention. Although a number of less than full-time (LTFT) trainees are increasing, only a minority identify as men. This study aimed to explore the perception and experience of LTFT training among postgraduate medical trainees (PMTs) identifying as men in Scotland.

Design

We carried out a qualitative study using semistructured interviews with 26 male trainees who had current or previous personal experience of training LTFT in Scotland. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and data was analysed inductively and iteratively using thematic analysis.

Results

Our work identified four main themes: (1)the culture of work in medicine, (2)traditional gender norms and the feminisation of LTFT training, (3)the lived experience of LTFT traineesand (4)‘push and pull’ factors influencing male LTFT trainees. Being an ‘ideal worker’ was felt to gain respect among peers and enhance masculine identity. Participants described the persistence of implicit and explicit gender norms and felt, at best, unusual and, at worst, stigmatised by their decision to train LTFT. Personal and professional benefits to LTFT training were highlighted; however, experience was varied and influenced by personal circumstances and departmental support. Both perceptual and practical barriers for male LTFT applicants were identified.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the influence of training environment and culture on LTFT applications in Scotland. Multifaceted interventions targeting medical culture, the LTFT application process, workforce planning and communication with trainees are recommended.
Magnitude and associated factors of delayed treatment seeking among patients with malaria in Andabet district, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: a multicentre institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Melese Yibeltal Addis , Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Mekonnen Gebrehiwot Berie
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of delayed treatment seeking and its associated factors among patients with malaria in the Andabet district, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.

Design

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 8 July 2022 to 21 August 2022. Data were collected from malaria patients using structured and pretested questionnaires and entered using Epi data V.4.6 and analysed by using Stata SE V.14. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with delay seeking treatment among malaria patients. P values less than 0.05 with 95% CI and adjusted OR (AOR) were considered statistically significant.

Setting

The study was conducted in the Andabet district, Northwest Ethiopia.

Participants

A total of 403 malaria patients participated in this study. The sample was allocated proportionally for the six health centres and participants were selected through systematic random sampling techniques.

Outcome measures

The primary outcome is the prevalence of delay in seeking malaria treatment.

Results

A total of 403 malaria patients with a mean age of 27.6±SD 14.26 years were included in this study. The prevalence of delayed malaria treatment seeking was 78.41% (95% CI 74.11%, 82.17%). Do not know the cause of malaria (AOR=2.24, 95% CI (1.07, 4.65)), do not know malaria signs and symptoms (AOR=2.52, 95% CI (1.04, 6.07)), distance greater than 5 km travelled (AOR=5.37, 95% CI (1.22, 23.55)) and fear of treatment cost (AOR=1.88, 95% CI (1.05, 3.36)) were the statistically significant factors associated with delayed treatment seeking among malaria patients.

Conclusions

The prevalence of delayed malaria treatment was high. Lack of knowledge of the cause of malaria, lack of knowledge of malaria signs and symptoms, a distance greater than 5 km travelled and fear of treatment cost were significantly associated with delayed malaria treatment seeking. Therefore, community awareness of early treatment is crucial.
Context, mechanisms and community engagement in implementation strategies: a systematic review protocol of implementation strategies designed using implementation mapping
Authors: Kang Eunyoung , ten Hoor Gill , Craig Derek W , Rodriguez Serena , Stockton Jennifer , Fernandez Maria E
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Implementation Mapping (IM) has increasingly been used for the design and/or selection and tailoring implementation strategies to promote the effective translation of evidence-based interventions into practice. IM is a tool for guiding the systematic, iterative, step-by-step design process that helps guide the co-creation of theory-based, evidence-informed implementation strategies. This protocol aims to describe the methods of the planned systematic review that will (1) examine the overall landscape of IM in developing implementation strategies, (2) explore the mechanisms of implementation strategies developed using IM and (3) investigate the use of IM and community engagement in the development of implementation strategies. This review will produce synthesised evidence that will describe how IM has been used in selecting, designing and tailoring implementation strategies, with a focus on implementation mechanism and community engagement.

Methods and analysis

We will include peer-reviewed original English articles that describe the use of Implementation Mapping or Intervention Mapping to design implementation strategies. We will search Medline Ovid, PsycInfo, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science using the following terms: ‘Implementation Mapping’ and ‘Intervention Mapping’. At least two reviewers will independently screen the records to examine the eligibility. After several rounds of consistency testing of data extraction among at least two reviewers and confirming the consistent coding among the reviewer team, one coder will proceed with the data extraction. In case of uncertainty, we will reach a consensus through interactive reviewers’ meetings and in consultation with a senior author. We examined the risk of bias in individual studies using the quality assessment tool developed by Hawkeret alin 2002. We will synthesise and present the data by each research aim.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was not required. Findings will be shared via peer-reviewed journals, and data from the included studies will be made openly accessible.
Using Artificial Intelligence-informed Experience-Based Co-Design (AI-EBCD) to create a virtual reality-based mindfulness application to reduce diabetes distress: protocol for a mixed-methods feasibility study
Authors: Ghosal Shraboni , Stanmore Emma , Sturt Jackie , Bogosian Angeliki , Woodcock David , Zhang Mengying , Milne Nicola , Mubita Womba , Robert Glenn , O'Connor Siobhan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

People with type 2 diabetes can experience diabetes distress which can negatively affect health outcomes. Non-pharmacological interventions such as mindfulness can help address diabetes distress. However, face-to-face programmes can be constrained by cost, poor accessibility and lack of availability. Mobile apps for mindfulness may overcome these issues but evidence of their effectiveness is limited, and some have poor interface design with basic visualisations and feedback.

Methods and analysis

Our study will explore using virtual reality (VR) as an immersive and interactive technology that could support mindfulness practice to help reduce diabetes distress. We will use a mixed-methods design to pilot a new co-design process called Artificial Intelligence-informed Experience-Based Co-Design. Phase 1 will identify and evaluate existing VR mindfulness apps, followed by interviews with mindfulness experts to gain their perspectives on practising mindfulness in virtual settings. This will be followed by a participatory design phase with a series of five co-design workshops where adults with type 2 diabetes will (1) discuss diabetes distress and learn about mindfulness, (2) evaluate commercially available VR mindfulness apps, (3) employ artistic methods to produce a personalised mindfulness experience, (4) create digital content for a virtual mindfulness experience via generative artificial intelligence tools and (5) prioritise key design features, functionality and content for a tailored VR mindfulness app. The final phase will focus on developing a bespoke VR mindfulness app and evaluating it with adults with type 2 diabetes using interviews, questionnaires and VR app analytics to determine if the new digital mental health intervention can help reduce diabetes distress and improve quality of life.

Ethics and dissemination

We received ethical approval from The University of Manchester (2024-18262-32710 and 2024-21170-37093). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Dissemination will include scientific publications and presentations, social media, knowledge translation events and educational resources for teaching students.