bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOTESTING METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF DRUGS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kryazhevskikh Anastasiya A. , Bardina Victoria I. , Sklyarova Nataliya A.
Published: August 2022

The article presents experimental data on the use of the biotesting method for the toxicological evaluation of tap water containing the antibiotic amoxicillin solution and the hormone 17-estradiol solution. Different test organisms differ in their sensitivity to toxicants. Therefore, a series of biotests using different test organisms from different systematic groups: daphnia (Daphnia magna Straus), infusoria (Paramecium caudatum), and algae (Chlorella vulgaris Beijer) were used to increase the accuracy of toxicity assessment of solutions. It was found that of the selected test cultures infusoria were the most sensitive to the solution with antibiotic and hormone. The effect of amoxicillin in the dose range from 0.000078 mg/L to 0.000000078 mg/L contributed to the toxic effect of the test cultures in the following sequence in descending order: infusoria daphnia = chlorella. In a toxicity study of water containing the hormone 17-estradiol in the dose range from 0.00001mg/L to 0.00000001 mg/L, the sensitivity of the test objects developed in the following chronology: infusoria chlorella. Daphnia (Daphnia magna Straus) were not at all susceptible to this class of drugs. Therefore, the proposed biotesting methods for the detection of drugs in the aquatic environment are a promising direction in assessing the toxicity of pharmpollutants in wastewater.
Análisis de la conceptualización de “entidad sujeto de derechos” para el litigio ambiental en Colombia. Un estudio del Agua y de los páramos
Authors: Díaz Gil Jorge
Published: August 2022

Los debates contemporáneos de derecho sobre contaminación, deforestación, y afectación al entorno humano deben pasar, de manera obligatoria y sin distinción de área, por el tema medioambiental. Este debate ha sido dado en diferentes países y en distintos niveles. Por esta razón, hay un auge creciente, en Colombia, de litigios sobre esta materia, los cuales corresponden a las medidas judiciales que protegen el medio ambiente y que de forma específica lo catalogan “entidad sujeto de derechos”. Por lo tanto, debe hacerse una revisión de las implicaciones que puede traer tal conceptualización.
De esta forma, en el presente escrito se hará una breve apreciación del contexto internacional, en lo referente a protección medioambiental, revisando el caso colombiano y de acuerdo a la experiencia extranjera identificar cuáles podrían ser algunos de los efectos jurídicos, tanto teóricos como prácticos de apropiar dicha noción, específicamente, bajo la perspectiva del derecho al agua y la protección a los páramos.
Structural and functional changes in rat liver mitochondria under calcium ion loading in the absence and presence of flavonoids
Authors: Zavodnik I.B. , Kovalenia T.A. , Veiko A.G. , Lapshina E.A. , Ilyich T.V. , Kravchuk R.I. , Zavodnik L.B. , Klimovich I.I.
Published: August 2022

The aim of the present work was to elucidate the mechanisms of calcium ion-induced impairments of the ultrastructure and functional activity of isolated rat liver mitochondria in the absence and presence of a number of flavonoids in vitro. In the presence of exogenous Ca2+ (20-60 μM), mitochondrial heterogeneity in size and electron density markedly increased: most organelles demonstrated a swollen electron-light matrix, bigger size, elongated cristae and a reduced their number, a damaged native structure of the inner membrane up to its detachment, and some mitochondria showed a more electron-dense matrix (condensed mitochondria). The calcium-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP) resulted in the ultrastructural disturbances and in the effective inhibition of the respiratory activity of rat liver mitochondria. The flavonoids (10-25 μM) naringenin and catechin, dose-dependently inhibited the respiratory activity of mitochondria and stimulated the MPTP opening in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Since Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, effectively prevented Ca2+-induced MPTP opening both in the absence and presence of flavonoids, we hypothesized that the effect of flavonoids on the MPTP opening could be mediated by stimulation of the Ca2+ uniporter.
Influence of intranasally administered insulin on metabolic and hormonal parameters in adult male rats, impaired due to three-day fasting in the early postnatal period
Authors: Derkach K.V. , Bondareva V.M. , Shpakov A.O.
Published: August 2022

Temporary cessation or restriction of breastfeeding can lead to metabolic disorders in adulthood. However, data on the effect of fasting in the early postnatal period on the functions of the endocrine system in adulthood are rare and contradictory. Approaches for the correction of metabolic and hormonal disorders caused by premature cessation of breastfeeding have not been developed yet. The aim of the work was to study the metabolic and hormonal parameters and changes in the hormonal status of the gonadal and thyroid systems in 10-month-old male rats with interruption of breastfeeding on days P19-P21, as well as to evaluate the restorative effect on them of four weeks of treatment with intranasal insulin (II) administered in the postnatal period (P28-P55) or in adulthood (P183-P210). Lactation interruption has been induced by treatment of lactating females with bromocriptine (10 mg/day/rat, P19-P21). Male rats with temporary cessation of breastfeeding developed characteristic signs of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperleptinemia), decreased levels of testosterone and thyroid hormones (fT4, tT3) and weakened the synthesis of testosterone and thyroxine, stimulated respectively by GnRH and thyroliberin. This was due to a decrease in the sensitivity of the testes to luteinizing hormone (LH) and the thyroid gland to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Treatment with II in early ontogenesis reduced body weight and fat, improved lipid profile, sensitivity to insulin, leptin, LH and TSH, restored the levels of testosterone and thyroid hormones and their stimulation by releasing factors. Treatment with II in adulthood normalized the levels of testosterone, thyroid hormones, their stimulation by releasing factors, but had a little effect on metabolic and hormonal parameters. The obtained data point to a wide range of metabolic and hormonal disorders in adult male rats with the “neonatal” model of metabolic syndrome and to the effectiveness of various strategies for their correction using long-term II treatment.
Lipid profile improving effect of Coriandrum sativum seed extract in rats
Authors: Hassan Zeinab M. , Afify Afaf A. , Elsayed Faten I. , El-Mahmoudy AbuBakr M.
Published: August 2022

Background: Hyperlipidaemia is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly people. It has received attention, as it indirectly affects the normal metabolism, blood viscosity and vital organ functions. It is a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible antihyperlipidemic effect of Coriander sativum seed extract (CSSE) in rats fed on high-fat diet.Methods: A parallel study design was adopted on 42 albino rats, divided randomly into 7 groups with different treatments. After a 6 week-experimental course, blood samples were collected and analysed for lipid and organ function parameters. Phytochemical analysis was conducted on the used seed extract to detect the active principles underlying its effects.Results: CSSE (150 and 300 mg/kg, orally, once daily) along with a high-fat (1.5% cholesterol+1.5% coconut oil, in diet) diet resulted in a significant (p≤0.05) improvement in plasma lipid parameters, including, total cholesterol, triacyglycerols and lipoproteins, compared to the high-fat group. group. The extract significantly (p≤0.05) improved hepatic (total proteins, albumin, globulins, total conjugated and unconjugated bilirubins, AST, ALT, GGT), cardiac (CK-MB and troponin-I) and renal (urea, creatinine & uric acid) biomarkers. Phytoanalysis of CSSE revealed presence of phlobatannin and flavonoids. The protection % produced by small and large doses of CSSE were dose-dependent and parallel to those of the standard antihyperlipidemic rosuvastatin (2 mg/dl orally, daily).Conclusions: These data indicate that CSSE has a marked antihyperlipidemic effect and could be a source for a promising nutraceutical antihyperlipidemic drug depending on its high phenolic and flavonoid content.
Prevalence of anemia among chronic kidney disease patients in India: a single-centre study
Authors: Zaawari Abdullah , Tejaswini K. L. , Davina G. D. , Singanaveni Anushalini
Published: August 2022

Background: Chronic kidney disease is defined as abnormalities in kidney structure or function with a decreased glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min for three months or more, irrespective of the cause. CKD has many complications that usually develop throughout disease progression. Anemia is among these complications. The prevalence of anemia is very high among CKD patients and it is an important parameter to be monitored and addressed. This research study aimed to find out the prevalence of anemia among CKD patients and investigate the relationship between anemia and other predictive factors.Methods: This was a unicenter, cross-sectional, prospective observational study conducted for six months between December 2020 and May 2021 at a tertiary care hospital to assess the prevalence of anemia among CKD patients. Data were collected, coded, and analyzed using SPSS software. A descriptive analysis was performed, and significance tests were applied where applicable. Multiple regression analysis and Pearson tests were applied to determine the relationship between variables, p>0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 715 patients were enrolled in the study, out of which 432 (59.2%) and 292 (40.8%) were male and female, respectively. The mean age was 56.4±15 SD. Out of 715 patients, 531 (74.3%) patients were anemic and 58 (8.1%) were severely anemic. Thus, the prevalence of anemia was 82.4% among study participants. Hypertension, diabetes, and CKD stage were associated with a high prevalence of anemia.Conclusions: This study reported a high prevalence of anemia compared to previous studies. Assessing the anemic status of patients in earlier stages of the disease will contribute greatly to managing this complication.
Evaluation of management in acute coronary syndrome and extent of adherence to standard treatment guidelines
Authors: Shah Aalesh , Parikh Nehal R. , Rana Devang , Malhotra Supriya , Patel Tejas
Published: August 2022

Background: India has the highest burden of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the world. This research is to evaluate prescriptions pattern and extent of adherence to American College of Cardiology (ACC)\American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines in the management of ACS with patient outcome.Methods: Case record form containing patient’s demographic, clinical profile, diagnosis, prescription drugs (with dose, duration and frequency) were noted. Pharmacotherapy was compared to ACC/AHA guidelines, to evaluate adherence, guideline adherence index (GAI-5) was used for 5 major drug groups for ACS. GAI was calculated as: number of patients using the prescribed medications/number of eligible patients multiplied by 100.Results: A total of 172 patients diagnosed with ACS. 64 (37.20%) Patients with the highest preponderance to ACS belonged to 51-60 years age group with a 4.73:1 male to female ratio. ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (44.77%) was the most common diagnosis and an average of 14.66±4.34 drugs were prescribed. Majority of the patients opted for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with or without having received fibrinolytic therapy at onset. Adherence to the ACC/AHA guidelines being 93.75% and 118 prescriptions being 100% adherent to the guidelines. A positive correlation between adherence and number of drugs was statistically significant.Conclusions: The success of evidence-based medicine (EBM) was well noted with a 0% in hospital mortality rate i.e. all of the 172 patients were discharged with therapeutic success. Despite the concept of EBM and its proven effectiveness, there is a paucity of availability of such guidelines in India, so this study, a first of its kind can serve as a starting point of generating national as well as local guidelines.
Thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending diabetic clinic in a tertiary care centre: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jamatia Bithika , Debbarma Rajesh K. , Majumdar Tapan
Published: August 2022

Background: Thyroid disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two common co-existing endocrinopathies found in the general population. Since thyroid dysfunction complicates the metabolic derangement observed in diabetes, its treatment is necessary in order to achieve stability of metabolic control. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to estimate the functional thyroid disorders and the associated factors in type 2 diabetes patients.Methods: In 230 diabetic patients, the blood sugar level and thyroid function tests were performed and compared. Most of the patients were in the age group of 51-60 years (36.08%).Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients was 15.21% with a higher rate in female patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism (12.17%) was the commonest thyroid dysfunction.Conclusions: The data suggest that subclinical hypothyroidism was more prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and may confer a greater risk of diabetic complications. It is therefore important to diagnose thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients and the practice should be inculcated in diabetic care.
A cross-sectional observational drug utilisation study of antipsychotic drugs prescribed in patients suffering from psychiatric illnesses at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pal Amitrajit , Gambre Rohini
Published: August 2022

Background: The rapidly expanding field of psychopharmacotherapy is challenging the traditional concepts of psychiatric treatment and research and is constantly seeking new and improved drugs to treat psychiatric disorders.Methods: The present study was undertaken to analyse the pattern of drug utilization of antipsychotic medications in outdoor patients of psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital. 600 prescriptions of 600 patients suffering from different psychiatric illnesses were taken for analyses in which antipsychotic agents were prescribed either as a main drug or as a concomitant agent after proper taking written informed consent.Results: A total of 1681 drugs were prescribed in our study population The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription in the study population was 2.61±1.32. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression were among the most common illnesses for which antipsychotics were prescribed. Atypical antipsychotics were most commonly prescribed in the study population out of which olanzapine was prescribed in most of the patients. Considering the cost analysis of the present study, the average cost per prescription was 475.02 INR. Average cost of antipsychotics per prescription was 208.1 INR.Conclusions: The present study provides valuable insight into the overall pattern of antipsychotic drugs prescribed in patients suffering from different psychiatric illnesses and mental health disorders and the principles of rational prescribing were followed in accordance with the various drug use indicators mentioned by WHO.
Inclusion body myositis in an older patient
Authors: Ogundipe Olayinka A. , Dherwani Vevak
Published: August 2022

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a condition also referred to as sporadic IBM. It is a rare variant of a broader group of diseases described under the banner of inflammatory myositis. In general, myositis/myositides tend to present with a varying cluster of symptoms such as muscular weakness, aches and/or pain. Myositis has been linked to multiple causes or triggers, but generally share the common feature (present to a variable extent) of inflammatory changes within skeletal muscle tissue. In addition, some associations (e.g. Sjogren’s disease and systemic lupus erythematosus – SLE) have been reported for IBM. Some medication classes (e.g. statins and fibrates) may present a risk to certain individuals developing drug-associated myopathies. IBM can be challenging to diagnose, and may be mistaken for many other causes of muscle weakness e.g. polymyositis. Furthermore, IBM tends to affect muscles asymmetrically, and runs a typically progressive and chronic course. Consequently, over time IBM may result in significant functional impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction. This case report describes an older woman with a clinical diagnosis of probable IBM complicated with oesophageal dysmotility. She presented to hospital with progressive dysphagia, breathlessness, and a productive cough for which treatment was started for aspiration pneumonia. The report considers some broader ‘principles of management’ of a chronic myositis. In the current absence of a definitive curative treatment, we also discuss some realistic and practical pharmacological treatment options that may be used for the selective care of patients presenting with an incurable chronic myositis such as IBM.
Lichenoid eruption due to antitubercular drugs: a case report
Authors: Chacko Shawn , Padmanabhachar Anirudh , S. Naranyana Reddy
Published: August 2022

Adverse drug reactions can be predictable or unpredictable. Regardless, they must be communicated to patients to improve the quality of healthcare. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in the year 2020, tuberculosis was the thirteenth leading cause of death worldwide. For the clinician who commonly encounters tuberculosis, the effectiveness of antitubercular drugs such as rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol are complicated by the severity of adverse reactions. This requires the physicians to weigh both the benefits and the risks of using these medications and to choose appropriate management strategies. Here, we report a case of lichenoid drug eruption related to antitubercular drugs in an elderly gentleman diagnosed to have extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The skin disorder presented with thickness and hyperpigmentation of the skin. The exact offending drug could not be conclusively identified but therapy was continued under the cover of a topical steroid and an antihistamine agent. The medical reporting of such cases is essential to identify one of several cutaneous adverse reactions seen with antitubercular drugs. Furthermore, it aids in alerting health care professionals and the public of the potential undesirable effects of these drugs.
Adverse drug reaction due to combination of gabapentin and nortriptyline along with its causality assessment
Authors: Kedia Pulkit R. , Angadi Netravathi , Thondaebhavi Vikram P.
Published: August 2022

The combination of gabapentin and nortriptyline is used as the first line drug treatment for management of neuropathic pain; however adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the main causes for discontinuation of the therapy. This is a case study of erythematous maculopapular rash induced by combination of gabapentin and nortriptyline along with its causality assessment. A 55-year-old female came with complaint of back pain for 1 month. She was diagnosed as a case of L1 acute osteoporotic disc compression fracture. The patient was then administered combination tablet of gabapentin and nortriptyline (100 mg/10 mg) orally for the neuropathic pain. After 3 days she developed erythematous maculopapular rash on face, upper limbs and back. Following this the drug was then discontinued and pheniramine, hydrocortisone and combination tablet of levocetirizine and montelukast was administered to treat the rashes. Causality assessment was done using the Naranjo scale and WHO UMC assessment scale.  The ADRs was reported by VigiFlow in the pharmacovigilance centre. Causality assessment using Naranjo scale (Score 6) and WHO UMC scale indicates probable relationship. Hence, monitoring is essential for any ADRs while using combination of gabapentin and nortriptyline therapy. In case of ADRs, discontinue the therapy and report the adverse drug reactions to pharmacovigilance centre.
Koebner’s phenomena observed in patient receiving adalimumab in psoriasis
Authors: Rathod Jaydeep H. , Shukla Dhawait M. , Rana Devang A. , Malhotra Supriya D.
Published: August 2022

Koebner’s phenomena, first described in 1877 as the appearance of psoriatic lesions in the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients as a consequence of trauma. Koebner phenomena has been associated with the use of biological response modifiers. The development of the anti-TNF therapies is a milestone in the therapy of rheumatic diseases. As in all new treatment opportunities it is of concern whether all potential undesired side effects have been evaluated. We report a case involving a 31-year-old young male patient diagnosed with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) since a year, who received Adalimumab as part of his treatment and developed Koebner’s phenomena.
Transient adrenal insufficiency following treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with intramuscular methylprednisolone acetate
Authors: Angus Alisa , Giles Emily E. , Ogundipe Olayinka A.
Published: August 2022

An 82-year-old woman presented with dizziness, a fall, and pubic fractures. She had resting severe hypertension, with marked orthostatic hypotension. She was recently diagnosed with cyclic citrullinated peptide (+) rheumatoid arthritis. She had received 120 mg intramuscular methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrone®) eight months prior, and a second dose a day preceding hospitalisation.  Two days into the admission, her Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score dropped acutely from 15/15 (E4;V5;M6) to 3/15 (E1;V1;M1). The initial differential diagnoses were: an acute stroke (a total anterior circulation syndrome-TACS or brainstem stroke), opiate toxicity (fracture pains), and possible unwitnessed seizure (in a post-ictal state). Urgent computerised tomography (CT) brain was unremarkable. She had an acute-on-chronic hyponatraemia (nadir 121 mmol/L) while on long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy, and hyperkalaemia (peak 5.8 mmol/L). Initial management included intravenous (IV) naloxone, fluids and diazepam with poor clinical response. Due to persistent low GCS, the admitting team were concerned about a potentially guarded prognosis. However, based on the history of recent high dose steroid injections, plus the evolving clinical picture and abnormal biochemistry, empirical treatment was started (IV hydrocortisone 100 mg QDS and 0.9% saline infusion) for possible adrenal insufficiency. An ‘add-on’ request for random serum cortisol was made to her admission bloods, and returned low (33 nmol/L). With treatment, her GCS improved rapidly from 3/15 to 15/15. A subsequent planned short synacthen test was abnormal (cortisol level pre-synacthen 100; 30min post-synacthen 340), suggestive of adrenal insufficiency. Following consultation with endocrinology, she was maintained on oral hydrocortisone 10 mg (am)/5 mg(teatime) with sustained clinical improvement.
Clinical trials in pediatrics-review of ethics and law
Authors: P. Anitha , Dhar Ruchi , Krishnappa Narayana
Published: August 2022

Children were acknowledged as ‘therapeutic or pharmaceutical orphans’ in 1960s, since then there has been a worldwide recognition of the need to conduct clinical trials in children, to improve their health. Prescribing in children is often based on extrapolation of trial results from adults, due to the lack of paediatric data. Children have different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics responses as compared to adults. Hence extrapolating the adult safety and efﬁcacy data and using it for prescribing in children can have disastrous effects. Relevant literature on clinical trials in paediatrics was gathered and scrutinized with emphasis on legal and ethical perspectives. This research is an exploratory attempt which surveys and summarizes previously published studies simultaneously trying to answer few research questions which addresses the current debates and scenario. Common problems encountered during pediatric clinical trials are unnecessary scrutiny of even minimal risk studies, difference in interpretation of research protocol in multicentre trials causing delay in trials, prolonged review process. The proposed changes to overcome the above mentioned drawbacks are standardized data security protections, enforcing universal ethical principles for conducting pediatric trials, sstandardizing adverse drug reaction reporting to regulatory bodies. There is a need to increase the number of clinicians actively involved in pediatric research. All the stake-holders such as regulators, parents, ethics committees, research institutions, investigators, sponsors, media, pharmaceutical companies and scientists have to collaborate to ensure that ethical pediatric research is promoted, equipping them with knowledge needed to provide optimal care to their patients.
Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in pediatric patients with beta-thalassemia major in Central India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Gedam Ruchi A. , Merchant Saira
Published: August 2022

Background: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in pediatric patients with beta thalassemia major in a tertiary care centre in Central India.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in department of pediatrics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, India over a period of 2 years. Total 100 subjects of thalassemia major diagnosed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) attending day care in this department were enrolled for study. Measurement of pulmonary pressure was done by using 2D echocardiography with Doppler studies and tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity was measured. This was done by experienced cardiologist. Variables predictive of pulmonary hypertension studied were age, sex, serum ferritin levels, age of onset of chelation therapy, compliance to chelation therapy and number of blood transfusion per year.Results: Out of 100 subjects, 18 subjects had pulmonary hypertension. Univariate analysis proved that age, serum ferritin levels, age of onset of chelation therapy, compliance to chelation therapy and number of blood transfusion per year were significant predictors of pulmonary hypertension. While, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that only 3 variables that is age of onset of chelation therapy, number of blood transfusion per year and compliance to chelation therapy retained their significance in this patient population.Conclusions: Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension was found out to be 18%. 2 subjects in the pulmonary hypertension group died. High morbidity and mortality of pulmonary hypertension clearly indicates that much work is needed in disease detection and development of more effective therapies. For thalassemic children, early detection and prevention of pulmonary hypertension in childhood would improve survival, reduce morbidity and mortality.
Impact of organized teaching programme on awareness of mothers regarding prevention of eye problems in children at selected rural areas of Kolar district
Authors: A. R. Harish Kumar , E. P. Elia Vivek
Published: August 2022

Background: Depending on the geographical area and socioeconomic state of the population, numerous diseases can cause visual impairment and blindness in children. Blindness in children in underdeveloped nations is typically caused by illnesses that result in corneal scarring such as vitamin A deficiency, measles infection, neonatal conjunctivitis, and dangerous traditional eye medications. Cataract, retinopathy of prematurity, genetic disorders, and congenital anomalies are the most common causes elsewhere. This issue is complicated by a lack of information about eye care and utilization of eye treatments. Methods: For this study, an evaluative technique was applied. The data was collected using a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The organized teaching programme on prevention of eye problems in children was the study's independent variable, while the knowledge level of mothers on prevention of eye problems was the dependent variable. A structured interview schedule was utilized to collect data from 100 mothers who were recruited using the purposive sample technique.Results: In the pre-test, the mean percentage of total knowledge was 56.35, with a standard deviation of 2.37. The mean percentage of total knowledge in the posttest was 75.83, with a standard deviation of 1.37. The obtained t value of 24.70 was larger than the table value of 2.66 and it was judged to be significant at the threshold of 0.01.Conclusions: Study demonstrated that the organized education programme was successful in raising mothers' awareness about the prevention of eye disorders in children.
A prospective comparative study of metabolic and haematological profile of infants born to mothers with pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vemuri Sravani , Vannala Raju
Published: August 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy has long been associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Gestational and pregestational diabetes make up the most common maternal metabolic disorder of pregnancy. Suboptimal control of blood glucose has the potential for serious neonatal adverse effects. Neonates of pregestational diabetic mothers are at risk for congenital malformations, perinatal mortality, preeclampsia, preterm birth, increased birthweight, neonatal hypoglycaemia.Methods: 100 neonates born to diabetic mothers were enrolled in the study during 1January 2019 to 30June 2020 at Mediciti institute of medical sciences, Telangana. Gestational age, birth weight, relevant antenatal history of mothers with diabetes mellitus and examination findings were collected and recorded. Blood samples were collected to perform relevant biochemical tests and managed as per unit protocol.Results: Of the 100 neonates, 93% were born to mothers with GDM, while the remaining 7% were born to mothers with PGDM. 39% (39/100) of mothers had poor glycemic control. Mean birth of neonates born to PGDM mothers was lower when compared to GDM and was statistically significant (p=0.02). Hyperbilirubinemia was the most common abnormality seen in 53% of neonates. Incidence of hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, were higher in infants born to mothers with PGDM and was statistically significant. Conclusions: Among the pregnancies complicated by diabetes, PGDM continues to have a major contribution. Metabolic and haematological complications are more in neonates born to mothers with PGDM. Hypocalcemia and hyperbilirubinemia was the most common complications in IDM.
Myriad of hematological manifestations in COVID-19 infected paediatric age group: our experience
Authors: Balhara Kirti , Sahi Puneet Kaur , Singh Sarika , Koli Monika , Dhar Lity , Ghiloria Ishu
Published: August 2022

Background: The incidence of COVID-19 is remarkably less in pediatric population compared to the adult population. Little information on the association of various hematological abnormalities with disease severity, clinical course and age exists in children. There is also paucity of data regarding peripheral smear findings in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods: A retrospective-cum-prospective review of the hematological parameters and peripheral smear findings of children diagnosed with COVID-19 infection admitted in tertiary care hospital over a period of two months was conducted. The study was conducted after obtaining approval from the Institute’s Ethics committee. Data was recorded in a pre-designed form and analyzed anonymously.Results: A total of 72 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases were included. Age of patients ranged from 2 days-18 years with male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Patients were grouped, based on age, into <1 year (21%), 1-5 years (15%) and 5-18 years (64%). Mild disease was noted in 82.1% cases. Anemia was the commonest hematological abnormality noted in 62.5% cases followed by leucopenia in 21% cases. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ranged from 0.1-11 and was raised in 40% cases of <1 year of age, 27% of 1-5 years and 28% of 5-18 years age group. Abnormalities in RBC and WBC morphology on peripheral smear were noted in 45.8% and 41.6% each. Peculiar finding was the presence of covicytes on peripheral smear showing Sandglass pattern in WBC scattergram.Conclusions: The present study showed that the majority of children with COVID-19 had a mild disease with absence of significant lymphopenia.
Clinical and bacteriological profile of children with community acquired pneumonia admitted in pediatric ward in tertiary care hospital of central Gujarat, India
Authors: Chaudhari Ritesh A. , Shah Rinki H.
Published: August 2022

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality of under-five children in developing countries, including India. Based on the burden of CAP, India is among the top five countries and has over 23% of the global cases. Accurate, reliable, and rapid determination of etiology in childhood CAP is important because it would influence individual treatment decisions, antibiotic policy in the community, and also rational immunization policy at a national level. Objectives of current study were to study the clinical and bacteriological profile of children admitted with CAP and to determine sensitivity and resistance patterns to various antibiotics to these organisms.Methods: This was a prospective and observational study conducted over one year in the Paediatric ward SSG hospital Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Blood culture and Oropharyngeal swab/endotracheal swab for culture and sensitivity were collected in all study patients. Organisms isolated in blood culture and oropharyngeal/ET swab were analysed in percentage and frequency. Results: Chest retraction (88%) was the commonest sign observed in this study followed by tachypnoea (74%). In blood culture, Acinetobacter was the most common organism isolated and in oropharyngeal and ET swab culture was Klebsiella spp. Major co-morbidity contributing to mortality was severe anemia followed by severe acute malnutrition.Conclusions: Bacterial cultures of blood and oropharyngeal/ ET secretion swab culture have grown predominantly Acinetobacter and Klebsiella pneumoniae in this study. Administration of sensitive antibiotics as per the geographical bacteriological profile of community-acquired pneumonia will help to improve outcomes and prevent antibiotic resistance.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in neonate with migrating spleen
Authors: Chaudhary Shivani R. , Bhuva Vaidehi J.
Published: August 2022

A case of full-term neonate with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a potentially severe anomaly wherein a diaphragmatic defect allows intrathoracic herniation of intra-abdominal contents. CDH is usually accompanied by pulmonary hypertension which worsens the prognosis. In our case, the newborn doesn't develop pulmonary hypertension and timely surgical intervention and accurate post-operative care gave the expected outcomes.
Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome: a case report
Authors: Kunte Nisarga B. , Navale Rakesh Amruth
Published: August 2022

Ellis-Van Creveled (EVC) syndrome, also called chondroectodermal dysplasia, is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal recessive type of inheritance with 25% risk of transmission to subsequent pregnancies. The syndrome is due to mutation of EVC1 and EVC2 genes on chromosome 4p16, characterized by acromesomalic dwarfism, bilateral postaxial polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia affecting nails, teeth and congenital heart malformation. One third of the patients die at an early age or during infancy from cardio respiratory problems. The birth prevalence of EVC syndrome is 1/5000 live births in Amish population and 7/1,000,000 live birth in non-Amish population. There are a very few case reports in the literature. We reported a case of 14-year male presenting with typical features of this syndrome.
Comparison of urea reduction ratio and dialysis efficacy in evaluating haemodialysis adequacy in chronic kidney disease patients in Wangaya Hospital
Authors: Sartika Katarina D. , Sunaka I. Wayan
Published: August 2022

Background: An increasing number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) impact an increased need for hemodialysis. Inadequate hemodialysis affects morbidity in patients with CKD. Determination of the urea removal index can be accomplished by several invasive and non-invasive methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the urea reduction ratio (URR) and dialysis efficiency (Kt/V) calculated automatically by hemodialysis machines to assess the adequacy of hemodialysis in patients with CKD.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis study was conducted on 58 CKD patients with age ≥18 years, conventional 5-hour hemodialysis sessions twice weekly, using single use-hollow fiber dialyzers, and who had been receiving hemodialysis for ≥6 months in the hemodialysis unit at Wangaya Hospital from April 2022 to May 2022. Study data were obtained from medical records then described and analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) program.Results: The mean of URR was 70.74±10.04, while the mean of Kt/V delivered by machine was 1.27±0.19. More hemodialysis patients received adequate hemodialysis based on URR parameters compared to Kt/V parameters (84.5% versus 1.7%). There was no significant difference between age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, vascular access and duration of dialysis with adequacy hemodialysis. There was a significant difference between URR and Kt/V in the evaluation adequacy of hemodialysis (p=0.000). In addition, there was a positive correlation between URR and Kt/V in the evaluation adequacy of hemodialysis (r=0.592, p=0.000).Conclusions: The URR is a more accurate parameter, but the Kt/V delivered by machine can help the URR demonstrate the adequacy of haemodialysis patients with CKD.
Systemic review through published clinical trials of artavakshaya
Authors: Patel Jalpa D. , Patel Akshay M. , Donga Shilpa B.
Published: August 2022

Menstrual irregularity is one of the most frequent gynaecologic disorders among women in reproductive age. In modern science, the treatment is based on mostly hormone therapy. Due to the need of an era for alternative medicine in field of gynecology, present study was tried to overview oral medicine used to treat Artavakshaya according Ayurveda classics. This systematic review was designed in order to gather information regarding oral medications for Artavakshaya in Ayurveda. This study had several steps as searching only randomised clinical trials in Ayurveda medicine literature, extracting them and finding evidences. To search Ayurveda medicine digital library was used, which includes several ancient traditional medical references. There quire data was gathered using data base such as Google scholar, PubMed, Dhara, Medknow, OMICS, Scopus, J-gate for knowledge. This paper explores different research articles related reviews and overall analysis about oral therapy which can be applied in the treatment of Artavakshaya.
A rare case of adolescent tuberculous pericardial effusion: a case report
Authors: Primanelza Dewi Hanifa , Pramudita Arvin , Mansyoer Riza
Published: August 2022

Tuberculous pericarditis (TBP) is a rare case of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) especially in the developed countries. This may cause serious and deadly impact if not diagnosed and treated properly. A-15-year-old girl was admitted with tightness of breath, weight loss, a productive cough and fatigue. Severe malnutrition, bronchial rales and anemia are present in patient. Chest x-ray showed pleural effusion with cardiomegaly. On three days later, Thoracic multi-slice spiral (MSCT) confirmed pericardial effusion, following pericardiocentesis on the fifth day. Tuberculous was confirmed by analysis of pericardial fluid. This patient was diagnosed as tuberculosis pericardial effusion showed complete recovery after pericardiocentesis and anti-tuberculosis drugs administration. Tuberculous is an endemic disease and its extrapulmonary forms should be included as a differential diagnosis. Early and adequate treatment decreases the risk of developing into a potentially fatal disease.
Evaluation of serum folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine among blood donors in Lagos State University teaching hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Uche Ebele I. , Akinbami Akinsegun A. , Bamiro Rafautu , Adeyemi Ibukun O. , Ibrahim Nda
Published: August 2022

Background: Folate, vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinaemia have been reported as important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular events and ischaemic stroke. These vitamin deficiencies are also implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases like anaemia, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and cancers. This study determined the serum levels of vitamins B12, folate, and homocysteine among blood donors in the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study done among blood donors at the donor clinic of LASUTH Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. One hundred blood donors who met the donor inclusion criteria of LASUTH were recruited consecutively into the study. Five ml of venous blood was collected from each consenting participant into ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA) and plain bottles for the determination of full blood count and folate, vitamin B12/homocysteine respectively. Data were analyzed with statistical package for social science version 23.0, the p value was set at ≤0.05.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 33.36±8.31 years. The mean serum homocysteine, folate and VitB12 levels among the study participants were 5.59±9.14 nmol/l, 21.57±4.15ng/ml and 1694.38±592.83 pg/ml respectively. About 8% of the study participants had serum homocysteine levels more than 15nmol/L, 4% had vitamin B12 levels less than 203pg/ml while all 100 participants had normal folate levels of 4ng/ml and above.

Conclusions: The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia, vitaminB12 and folate deficiencies among blood donors in LASUTH is low.
Radiofrequency ablation in Von-Hippel-Lindau disease with bilateral renal cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , . Bharanidharan , C. H. Radha Siva Bharath
Published: August 2022

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a familial form of renal cell carcinoma which manifests as bilateral renal cell carcinoma. Radiofrequency ablation is a minimally invasive technique helps in treating renal cell carcinoma with renal function preservation. We reported a case of 29 years old male with bilateral renal cell carcinoma. We treated him with left radical nephrectomy and right side multifocal RCC with Radio frequency ablation. Radiofrequency ablation definitely have a role as alternative treatment modality to nephron sparing surgical procedure for small (<4 cm) localised RCC. Further studies are needed to assess its long-term efficacy.

 
Factores perceptuales del uso del marketing digital en pequeñas y medianas empresas
Authors: Bermeo Giraldo Maria Camila , Rendon Londoño Lina Marcela , Ospina Londoño Yesica , Palacio Pareja Maribel , Arcila Acosta Carlos Augusto
Published: August 2022

Hoy en día, el impacto de la pandemia por el coronavirus COVID-19 en las pequeñas y medianas empresas esenorme, por tanto, el marketing digital surge como una estrategia para captar nuevos clientes y llegar a los consumidoresutilizando medios digitales. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar los factores que influyen en la utilización del marketing digital por parte de las pequeñas y medianas empresas de la ciudad de Medellín. Se empleó la teoría fundamentada, un enfoque cualitativo y alcance exploratorio-descriptivo, aplicando nueve entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas de cargos relacionados con el área de mercadeo y marketing digital en las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector de servicios y manufactura. Los hallazgos señalan que estas empresas han venido utilizando Internet como principal herramienta de comunicación, generando ventajas para el consumidor al momento de acceder a los productos y realizar compras. Se concluyó que los factores más influyentes en la utilización del marketing digital por parte de estas empresas son: factores de uso, motivación, estrategias y medios; y ventajas del uso de esas herramientas.
Mioepitelioma de la región selar simulando macroadenoma hipofisiario: reporte de primer caso en Colombia
Authors: Lozada Marintez Ivan David , Llamas Nieves Andres , Bolaño Romero Maria , Herrera Lomonaco Sandra
Published: August 2022

El Mioepitelioma es una neoplasia rara presente con mayor frecuencia en las glándulas salivales, representando el 1% de todos los tumores glandulares. Sin embargo, se han descrito también en localizaciones diferentes tales como piel, tracto gastrointestinal, pulmón, vía aérea superior, mama y tejido blando, existiendo escasos reportes en la literatura universal sobre casos a nivel del sistema nervioso central, pero ninguno específicamente a nivel hipofisiario. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 70 años de edad quien acude repetidamente al servicio de urgencias por cuadro clínico de cefalea intensa crónica de varios meses de evolución, la cual fue manejada con opioides sin resolución del cuadro, presentando de forma aguda perdida de la agudeza visual en ojo izquierdo y ptosis palpebral ipsilateral. Los hallazgos tomográficos revelaron discreto quiste retencional en seno esfenoidal derecho, mientras que la resonancia magnética nuclear evidencio tumoración en fosa media de base del cráneo, realizándose diagnostico presuntivo de adenoma hipofisiario. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática utilizando descriptores tales como “Mioepitelioma”, “Encefalopatias”, “Hipofisis”, y “Colombia”, además de sinónimos tanto en inglés como en español, en bases de datos nacionales y Latinoamericanas, sin encontrar resultados relacionados, por lo que este caso constituye el primero en Colombia y sus alrededores.