bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The power and limitations of gene expression pathway analyses toward predicting population response to environmental stressors
Authors: Stanford Brenna C.M. , Clake Danielle J. , Morris Matthew R.J. , Rogers Sean M.
Published: February 2020

Rapid environmental changes impact the global distribution and abundance of species, highlighting the urgency to understand and predict how populations will respond. The analysis of differentially expressed genes has elucidated areas of the genome involved in adaptive divergence to past and present environmental change. Such studies however have been hampered by large numbers of differentially expressed genes and limited knowledge of how these genes work in conjunction with each other. Recent methods (broadly termed “pathway analyses”) have emerged that aim to group genes that behave in a coordinated fashion to a factor of interest. These methods aid in functional annotation and uncovering biological pathways, thereby collapsing complex datasets into more manageable units, providing more nuanced understandings of both the organism‐level effects of modified gene expression, and the targets of adaptive divergence. Here, we reanalyze a dataset that investigated temperature‐induced changes in gene expression in marine‐adapted and freshwater‐adapted threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), using Weighted Gene Co‐expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) with PANTHER Gene Ontology (GO)‐Slim overrepresentation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Six modules exhibited a conserved response and six a divergent response between marine and freshwater stickleback when acclimated to 7°C or 22°C. One divergent module showed freshwater‐specific response to temperature, and the remaining divergent modules showed differences in height of reaction norms. PPARAa, a transcription factor that regulates fatty acid metabolism and has been implicated in adaptive divergence, was located in a module that had higher expression at 7°C and in freshwater stickleback. This updated methodology revealed patterns that were not found in the original publication. Although such methods hold promise toward predicting population response to environmental stressors, many limitations remain, particularly with regard to module expression representation, database resources, and cross‐database integration.
Metabolic remodeling in Escherichia coli MG1655. A prophage e14‐encoded small RNA, co293, post‐transcriptionally regulates transcription factors HcaR and FadR
Authors: Madikonda Ashok Kumar , Shaikh Akbarpasha , Khanra Sonali , Yakkala Harshita , Yellaboina Sailu , Lin‐Chao Sue , Siddavattam Dayananda
Published: February 2020

In previous studies, we have shown the existence of metabolic remodeling in glucose‐grown Escherichia coli MG1655 cells expressing the esterase Orf306 from the opd island of Sphingobium fuliginis. We now show that Orf306‐dependent metabolic remodeling is due to regulation of a novel small RNA (sRNA). Endogenous propionate, produced due to the esterase/lipase activity of Orf306, repressed expression of a novel E. coli sRNA, co293. This sRNA post‐transcriptionally regulates expression of the transcription factors HcaR and FadR either by inhibiting translation or by destabilizing their transcripts. Hence, repression of co293 expression elevates the levels of HcaR and FadR with consequent activation of alternative carbon catabolic pathways. HcaR activates the hca and MHP operons leading to upregulation of the phenyl propionate and hydroxy phenyl propionate (HPP) degradation pathways. Similarly, FadR stimulates the expression of the transcription factor IclR which negatively regulates the glyoxylate bypass pathway genes, aceBAK.
Amazonia trees have limited capacity to acclimate plant hydraulic properties in response to long‐term drought
Authors: Bittencourt Paulo R. L. , Oliveira Rafael S. , da Costa Antonio C. L. , Giles Andre L. , Coughlin Ingrid , Costa Patricia B. , Bartholomew David C. , Ferreira Leandro V. , Vasconcelos Steel S. , Barros Fernanda V. , Junior Joao A. S. , Oliveira Alex A. R. , Mencuccini Maurizio , Meir Patrick , Rowland Lucy
Published: February 2020

The fate of tropical forests under future climate change is dependent on the capacity of their trees to adjust to drier conditions. The capacity of trees to withstand drought is likely to be determined by traits associated with their hydraulic systems. However, data on whether tropical trees can adjust hydraulic traits when experiencing drought remain rare. We measured plant hydraulic traits (e.g. hydraulic conductivity and embolism resistance) and plant hydraulic system status (e.g. leaf water potential, native embolism and safety margin) on >150 trees from 12 genera (36 species) and spanning a stem size range from 14 to 68 cm diameter at breast height at the world's only long‐running tropical forest drought experiment. Hydraulic traits showed no adjustment following 15 years of experimentally imposed moisture deficit. This failure to adjust resulted in these drought‐stressed trees experiencing significantly lower leaf water potentials, and higher, but variable, levels of native embolism in the branches. This result suggests that hydraulic damage caused by elevated levels of embolism is likely to be one of the key drivers of drought‐induced mortality following long‐term soil moisture deficit. We demonstrate that some hydraulic traits changed with tree size, however, the direction and magnitude of the change was controlled by taxonomic identity. Our results suggest that Amazonian trees, both small and large, have limited capacity to acclimate their hydraulic systems to future droughts, potentially making them more at risk of drought‐induced mortality.
Prognostic impact of combined progression index based on peritoneal grading regression score and peritoneal cytology in peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Benzerdjeb Nazim , Durieux Emeline , Tantot Juliet , Isaac Sylvie , Fontaine Juliette , Harou Olivier , Glehen Olivier , Kepenekian Vahan , Alyami Mohammad , Villeneuve Laurent , Laplace Nathalie , Traverse‐Glehen Alexandra , Shisheboran‐Devouassoux Mojgan , Bakrin Naoual
Published: February 2020

Aims

The peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS) and peritoneal cytology (PC) assess response to chemotherapy in peritoneal metastasis (PM) in a setting of palliative treatment by pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC). Progression has been defined as an increase of PRGS between first and third PIPAC procedures (iPRGS). iPRGSand positive peritoneal cytology were not associated with prognostic impact. These results may be explained by a lack of statistical power. Also, it is not known whether the mean or the highest PRGS among taken peritoneal biopsies bears the highest clinical value. We therefore conducted the largest prospective study to investigate the prognostic impact of PGRS, PC, and their combination, designated as combined progression index (CPI).

Methods and results

Patients with PM who underwent >3 PIPAC (n = 112) between December 2016 and February 2019 were prospectively included. A significant difference in OS and PFS according to CPI (used highest value of PRGS) was found (OS: CPI−, 83.3, 95% CI [49.8; NA] vs. CPI+, 48.1, 95% CI [38.5; 66.4] months; and PFS (respectively, 59.7, 95% CI [43.0; 96.0] vs. 33.7, 95% CI [30.4; 44.2] months). PRGS or PC had no independent prognostic impact. CPI+ was an independent predictor of worse prognosis, in OS (HR = 5.24, 95% CI [2.07; 13.26]), and PFS (HR = 4.41, 95% CI [1.40; 13.88]).

Conclusions

The CPI based on highest PRGS and PC was found to be independently associated with a worse prognosis for OS and for PFS in the setting of peritoneal metastasis. These results indicate that it should be of interest to systematically take peritoneal fluid for cytological examination and to implement the CPI in the therapeutic decision‐making process in the context of PIPAC.
Evolution of lithospheric mantle in the north of Nain‐Baft oceanic crust (Neo‐Tethyan ophiolite of Ashin, Central Iran)
Authors: Shirdashtzadeh Nargess , Torabi Ghodrat , Morishita Tomoaki
Published: February 2020

This study is focused on a plagioclase‐bearing spinel lherzolite from Chah Loqeh area in the Neo‐Tethyan Ashin ophiolite. It is exposed along the west of left‐lateral strike‐slip Dorouneh Fault in the northwest of Central‐East Iranian Microcontinent. Mineral chemistry (Mg#olivine < ~ 90, Cr#clinopyroxene < ~ 0.2, Cr#spinel < ~ 0.5, Al2O3orthopyroxene > ~ 2.5 wt%, Al2O3clinopyroxene > ~ 4.5 wt%, Al2O3spinel > ~ 41.5 wt%, Na2Oclinopyroxene > ~ 0.11 wt%, and TiO2clinopyroxene > ~ 0.04 wt%) confirms Ashin lherzolite was originally a mid‐oceanic ridge peridotite with low degrees of partial melting at spinel‐peridotite facies in a lithospheric mantle level. However, some Ashin lherzolites record mantle upwelling and tectonic exhumation at plagioclase‐peridotite facies during oceanic extension and diapiric motion of mantle along Nain‐Baft suture zone. This mantle upwelling is evidenced by some modifications in the modal composition (i.e. subsolidus recrystallization of plagioclase and olivine between pyroxene and spinel) and mineral chemistry (e.g. increase in TiO2 and Na2O of clinopyroxene, and TiO2 and Cr# of spinel and decrease in Mg# of olivine), as a consequence of decompression during a progressive upwelling of mantle. Previous geochronological and geochemical data and increasing the depth of subsolidus plagioclase formation at plagioclase‐peridotite facies from Nain ophiolite (~ 16 km) to Ashin ophiolite (~ 35 km) suggest a south to north closure for the Nain‐Baft oceanic crust in the northwest of Central‐East Iranian Microcontinent.
Presence of human papillomavirus DNA in voriconazole‐associated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nguyen Cuong V. , He Qin , Rady Peter L. , Tyring Stephen K. , Miller Daniel D. , Rubin Nathan , Kovarik Carrie L.
Published: February 2020

Background

Voriconazole and genus beta human papillomavirus (HPV) are independently associated with the development of photo‐exposed cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but have not been evaluated concurrently. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and type of detectable HPV DNA in voriconazole‐associated SCC.

Methods

SCCs from immunosuppressed patients, in those with and without voriconazole exposure, were evaluated by PCR analysis for HPV DNA and compared to SCC from non‐immunosuppressed patients. An additional expanded PCR analysis of all SCC that developed in the voriconazole group was also performed.

Results

HPV DNA was detected by PCR in all groups regardless of the immunosuppression status (80.5%) with beta HPV most prevalent (64.3–78.6%). However, immunosuppressed patients were significantly more likely to be infected by beta HPV types 5, 8, 14, 20, and 21 (P‐value 0.014), and represented the majority of beta HPV types found in the voriconazole group.

Conclusions

In this retrospective study, beta HPV 5, 8, 14, 20, and 21 were commonly detected in voriconazole‐associated SCC. The results indicate a possible role of beta HPV in the pathogenesis of cutaneous SCC in photo‐exposed areas. Further studies are needed to establish the role of HPV and voriconazole in the pathogenesis of the lesion.
Change in irrigation flow through a flexible ureteroscope with various devices in the working channel: Comparison between an automatic irrigation pump and gravity‐based irrigation
Authors: Inoue Takaaki , Yamamichi Fukashi , Okada Shinsuke , Hamamoto Shuzo , Fujisawa Masato ,   the SMART Study Group
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the change in the irrigation flow with various instruments in the working channel of a flexible ureteroscope by two automatic irrigation pumps and gravity‐based irrigation in an ex vivo setting.

Methods

We used two automatic irrigation pumps: the Endoflow II and the UROMAT Endoscopic Automatic System for Irrigation and gravity‐based irrigation. A flexible ureteroscope was connected to an irrigation tube with a working channel. The other side of the irrigation tube was attached to each automatic irrigation pump, which was connected with a 2‐L saline bag or to a 2‐L saline bag directly in case of gravity pressure. The flow volume from the working channel was measured three times for 30 s at various irrigation pressure settings, both when the working channel was unoccupied and occupied with various instruments.

Results

The irrigation flow steadily increased as the irrigation pressure in the automatic irrigation pumps increased and the saline position in gravity became higher (P < 0.05). However, the flow decreased as the size of the instrument in the working channel increased (P < 0.05). The efficiency of irrigation flow in gravity‐based irrigation under the same pressure is significantly lower than one of two automatic irrigation pumps (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the efficiency of the irrigation flow between the Endoflow II and UROMAT Endoscopic Automatic System for Irrigation. The irrigation pressure setting needed to change to maintain adequate irrigation flow when using various working tools.

Conclusions

The efficiency of irrigation flow in gravity‐based irrigation is significantly lower than one of two automatic irrigation pumps. The irrigation flow decreases as the size of the instrument in the working channel increases.
Quality of life of families of adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance therapy: Evaluation of a cohort of parents/guardians of treated and untreated individuals
Authors: Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Corradi‐Dias Larissa , dos Santos Thiago Rezende , Melgaço Camilo Aquino , Lages Elizabeth Maria Bastos , Paiva Saul Martins
Published: February 2020

Background

Quality of life (QoL) measurements have been employed in medicine and dentistry to assess the effect of diseases and treatment on individuals’ lives.

Aim

To assess the effect of the initial 12 months of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy on the families of Brazilian adolescents.

Design

A cohort of 11‐ to 12‐year‐old adolescents and their parents/guardians participated. Treatment group (TG) consisted of 101 parents/guardians of adolescents who began fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. They completed four sets of the Family Impact Scale (FIS) at baseline, 1 month, 6 months and 12 months after the bonding of fixed appliances. Control group (CG) was composed of 175 parents/guardians of adolescents, who did not begin treatment, answering four sets of the FIS at the same intervals. The subscales of FIS were parental/family activity (PA), parental emotions (PE), family conflict (FC) and financial burden (FB). Statistical analysis was performed.

Results

The interaction of group (treatment) with time allowed one to observe significant changes in the PA (P < .001), PE (P < .001), FC (P < .001) and overall FIS score (P < .001), demonstrating an improvement in the subscale and overall QoL of families of adolescents.

Conclusions

The effect of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy on the families of adolescents was highly beneficial.
Vitamin D receptor FokI and BglI genetic polymorphisms, dental caries, and gingivitis
Authors: Barbosa Mariane C. F. , Lima Daniela C. , Reis Caio L. B. , Reis Ana L. M. , Rigo Darlan , Segato Raquel A. B. , Storrer Carmen L. M. , Küchler Erika C. , de Oliveira Daniela S. B.
Published: February 2020

Background & Aim

To investigate the association between the genetic polymorphisms FokI (rs2228570) and BglI (rs739837) in vitamin D receptor (VDR) with dental caries and gingivitis susceptibility.

Design

This study included 353 Brazilian children (8 to 11 years old). Dental caries was assessed using ICDAS (International System for Detection and Assessment of Carious Lesions) and gingival bleeding using Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The presence of visible biofilm was also evaluated. DNA was extracted from saliva, and real‐time PCR was used to evaluate genetic polymorphisms in VDR: rs2228570 (FokI, A>G/Met>Thr) and rs739837 (BglI, G>T). Dental caries was evaluated as a continuous data (mean and standard deviation‐SD) and was also categorized (ICDAS0 versus ICDAS1‐6 or ICDAS1‐2 versus ICDAS3‐6). Gingivitis was categorized in with and without. One‐way ANOVA was used for comparisons of caries among genotypes. Chi‐square test, logistic regression, and haplotype analysis were performed (P < .05).

Results

Biofilm was associated with dental caries susceptibility and gingivitis (P < .05). The mean distribution of the caries lesions and cavitated caries lesions among FokI and BgII genotypes were not statistically significant (P > .05). Genotype distributions among caries groups (in the two different cut‐offs) and among gingivitis and non‐gingivitis groups were not statistically significant (P > .05).

Conclusion

The polymorphisms FokI and BglI in VDR were not associated with dental caries or gingivitis.
A re‐examination of accruals quality following restatements
Authors: Herly Marie , Bartholdy Jan , Thinggaard Frank
Published: February 2020

Empirical research from the first years following the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) in the US suggests that firms improve accruals quality following restatements, but the materiality of restatements has declined since then. This decline may affect firms' responses to restatements, and hence we re‐examine whether restatements are associated with subsequent improvements in accruals quality in a more recent sample. We compare the changes in accruals quality of firms restating between 2000 and 2014 with that of a control group. We do not find that firms improve accruals quality more than the control group following a restatement, even when we isolate the types of restatements considered to be most material. However, we do find that restatements followed by the most negative stock market reactions are associated with a relative increase in accruals quality, indicating that only restatements deemed very severe by investors lead to subsequent improvements in accruals quality. Our results suggest that firms' responses to restatements have changed concurrently with the trend of fewer and less material restatements in recent years.
Intravenous administration of iPS‐MSCSPIONs mobilized into CKD parenchyma and effectively preserved residual renal function in CKD rat
Authors: Sheu Jiunn‐Jye , Sung Pei‐Hsun , Wallace Christopher Glenn , Yang Chih‐Chao , Chen Kuan‐Hung , Shao Pei‐Lin , Chu Yi‐Ching , Huang Chi‐Ruei , Chen Yi‐Ling , Ko Sheung‐Fat , Lee Mel S. , Yip Hon‐Kan
Published: February 2020

This study traced intravenously administered induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and assessed the impact of iPSC‐MSC on preserving renal function in SD rat after 5/6 nephrectomy. The results of in vitro study showed that FeraTrack™Direct contrast particles (ie intracellular magnetic labelling) in the iPSC‐MSC (ie iPS‐MSCSPIONs) were clearly identified by Prussian blue stain. Adult‐male SD rats (n = 40) were categorized into group 1 (SC), group 2 [SC + iPS‐MSCSPIONs (1.0 × 106cells)/intravenous administration post‐day‐14 CKD procedure], group 3 (CKD), group 4 [CKD + iPS‐MSCSPIONs (0.5 × 106cells)] and group 5 [CKD + iPS‐MSCSPIONs (1.0 × 106cells)]. By day‐15 after CKD induction, abdominal MRI demonstrated that iPS‐MSCSPIONs were only in the CKD parenchyma of groups 4 and 5. By day 60, the creatinine level/ratio of urine protein to urine creatinine/kidney injury score (by haematoxylin and eosin stain)/fibrotic area (Masson's trichrome stain)/IF microscopic finding of kidney injury molecule‐1 expression was lowest in groups 1 and 2, highest in group 3, and significantly higher in group 4 than in group 5, whereas IF microscopic findings of podocyte components (ZO‐1/synaptopodin) and protein levels of anti‐apoptosis ((Bad/Bcl‐xL/Bcl‐2) exhibited an opposite pattern to creatinine level among the five groups (all P < .0001). The protein expressions of cell‐proliferation signals (PI3K/p‐Akt/m‐TOR, p‐ERK1/2, FOXO1/GSK3β/p90RSK), apoptotic/DNA‐damage (Bax/caspases8‐10/cytosolic‐mitochondria) and inflammatory (TNF‐α/TNFR1/TRAF2/NF‐κB) biomarkers displayed an identical pattern to creatinine level among the five groups (all P < .0001). The iPS‐MSCSPIONs that were identified only in CKD parenchyma effectively protected the kidney against CKD injury.
Efficacy of alternative or additional methods to professional mechanical plaque removal during supportive periodontal therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Farina Roberto , Pollard Alexander , Claydon Nicholas , Franceschetti Giovanni , Khan Iftekhar , West Nicola
Published: February 2020

Aims

To systematically review the literature addressing the following focused questions: “What is the efficacy of either (#1) alternative or (#2) additional methods to professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) on progression of attachment loss during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) in periodontitis patients?”.

Methods

A systematic search for randomized clinical trials was performed. Change in clinical attachment level (CAL) from baseline was the primary outcome.

Results

Routine PMPR performed with either a combination of ultrasonic/hand instruments or Er:Yag laser showed similarly effective in preventing CAL loss. Moreover, a routine SPT regimen based on PMPR led to stability of CAL irrespective of a daily sub‐antimicrobial doxycycline dose (SDD). Finally, an adjunctive photodynamic therapy (PDT) did not enhance the magnitude of CAL gain when sites with probing depth ≥4 mm were repeatedly treated. After pooling all data, the results of the meta‐analysis showed no statistical differences in CAL change from baseline: mean overall CAL change was −0.233 mm (95% confidence interval: −1.065, 0.598; p = .351).

Conclusions

Weak evidence indicate that in treated periodontitis patients enrolled in a 3–4 month SPT based on PMPR, Er:Yag laser (as alternative), SDD and PDT (as additional) do not produce a greater clinical effect on periodontal conditions compared to PMPR.
A telephone reminder to enhance adherence to interventions in cardiovascular randomized trials: A protocol for a study within a trial (SWAT)
Authors: Bensaaud Abdelsalam , Gibson Irene , Jones Jennifer , Flaherty Gerard , Sultan Sherif , Tawfick Wael , Jordan Fionnuala
Published: February 2020

The impact of reduced adherence in randomized clinical trials is well documented in the literature. Nonadherence can negatively affect the trial sample size and estimation of the treatment effect. This protocol aims to evaluate the effects of a telephone call reminder on the adherence rates of participants to interventions in a cardiovascular randomized trial. This is a study within a trial (SWAT). The host trial is evaluating the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary 16‐wk cardiovascular disease prevention program on risk factor profile among patients with carotid artery stenosis. Simultaneously, this SWAT will evaluate the effectiveness of telephone call reminders on the participants’ adherence to the host trial intervention. The primary outcome is adherence to the protocol of the host trial. Secondary outcomes are level of adherence, number of dropouts, and time to drop out from the host trial.
Understanding the gastrointestinal physiology and responses to feeding in air‐breathing Anabantiform fishes
Authors: Goodrich Harriet R. , Bayley Mark , Birgersson Lina , Davison William G. , Johannsson Ora E. , Kim Anne B. , Le My Phuong , Tinh Tran H. , Thanh Phuong N. , Thanh Huong Do Thi , Wood Chris M.
Published: February 2020

The Mekong Delta is host to a large number of freshwater species, including a unique group of facultative air‐breathing Anabantiforms. Of these, the striped snakehead (Channa striata), the climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), the giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) and the snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) are major contributors to aquaculture production in Vietnam. The gastrointestinal responses to feeding in these four species are detailed here. Relative intestinal length was lowest in the snakehead, indicating carnivory, and 5.5‐fold greater in the snakeskin, indicating herbivory; climbing perch and giant gourami were intermediate, indicating omnivory. N‐waste excretion (ammonia‐N + urea‐N) was greatest in the carnivorous snakehead and least in the herbivorous snakeskin, whereas the opposite trend was observed for net K+ excretion. Similarly, the more carnivorous species had a greater stomach acidity than the more herbivorous species. Measurements of acid–base flux to water indicated that the greatest postprandial alkaline tide occurred in the snakehead and a potential acidic tide in the snakeskin. Additional findings of interest were high levels of both PCO2 (up to 40 mmHg) and HCO3− (up to 33 mM) in the intestinal chyme of all four of these air‐breathing species. Using in vitro gut sac preparations of the climbing perch, it was shown that the intestinal net absorption of fluid, Na+ and HCO3− was upregulated by feeding but not net Cl− uptake, glucose uptake or K+ secretion. Upregulated net absorption of HCO3− suggests that the high chyme (HCO3−) does not result from secretion by the intestinal epithelium. The possibility of ventilatory control of PCO2 to regulate postprandial acid–base balance in these air‐breathing fish is discussed.
Dispersion and settlement of two sympatric sculpins of the genus Gymnocanthus
Authors: Yamazaki Aya , Ogino Akino , Munehara Hiroyuki
Published: February 2020

Larval dispersion rather than adult migration generally leads to the worldwide expansion of fishes. Species of the genus Gymnocanthus have expanded geographically while undergoing allopatric speciation. Of this genus, while Gymnocanthus tricuspis inhabits the Arctic Ocean and surrounding area, G. herzensteini and G. intermedius occur around northern Japan. Larval early life histories of G. herzensteini and G. intermedius from northern Japan and G. tricuspis from Unalaska Island were investigated to estimate their dispersal potential during larval stages. The larval and juvenile abundances of G. herzensteini and G. intermedius were highest in May in shallow sandy bottoms below 7 m in depth, and the body sizes were 9.7–34.6 mm notochord length (NL) and/or standard length (SL) in G. herzensteini and 8.4–46.7 mm NL and/or SL in G. intermedius. Two egg masses of G. tricuspis (1.92 ± 0.08 mm in diameter) and hatched larvae (6.20 ± 0.19 mm NL) were collected in March. Compared with other sculpins in previous studies, the body sizes of G. herzensteini and G. intermedius at hatch are large and at settlement are small, while both hatch and settlement sizes of G. tricuspis are much larger. Counting micro‐increments between the hatch check and settlement marks in G. herzensteini and G. intermedius demonstrated that the pelagic larval durations for 2 weeks with an immature body suggests that these species cannot disperse widely during the pelagic phase, while pelagic larvae of Arctic species such as G. tricuspis with long pelagic larval durations could disperse.
A field evaluation of long‐term effects of PIT tagging
Authors: Skov Christian , Hansen Joan H. , Baktoft Henrik , Brönmark Christer , Brodersen Jakob , Chapman Ben B. , Hansson Lars‐Anders , Hulthén Kaj , Nilsson P. Anders
Published: February 2020

Passive integrated transponder (PIT)‐tagging is commonly used in behavioural studies of fish, although long‐term evaluations of effects from tagging under natural conditions are scarce. We PIT‐tagged common bream Abramis brama, European perch Perca fluviatilis, pike Esox lucius and roach Rutilus rutilus, released them in their lakes of origin and recaptured them after 103–3269 days. Overall, tagged fish did not differ in condition from non‐tagged fish, except for small R. rutilus that had a lower length‐specific body mass in one lake in 1 year. We conclude that PIT‐tagging in general has negligible long‐term effects on fish condition.
The presence of a conspecific induces risk‐taking behaviour and enlargement of somata size of dopaminergic neurons in the brain of male medaka fish
Authors: Otsuka Airi , Shimomura Kenta , Niwa Haruka , Kagawa Nao
Published: February 2020

Boldness and risk‐taking behaviours in animals are important traits to obtain advantages such as habitation, food resources, reproductive success and social dominance. Risk‐taking behaviour is influenced by physiological and environmental conditions; however, whether individual fish become bolder by the presence of conspecifics remains unknown. In this study, a light–dark preference test was conducted using medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) with or without a neighbouring conspecific. It was found that individual medaka male fish preferred a light environment and avoided a dark environment, whereas the display of a neighbouring conspecific enhanced the time the male spent in the dark environment (i.e., this condition encouraged risk‐taking). The blood glucose level increased in fish confined to the dark condition but did not increase in light‐preferring fish and risk‐taking fish. Large somata expressing tyrosine hydroxylase, which is the rate‐limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, were detected in the telencephalic and diencephalic brain regions in risk‐taking medaka, whereas large somata were detected in the diencephalic region in medaka confined to the dark condition. These findings indicated that medaka is a good fish model to explore the central roles of dopaminergic neurons in the telencephalon and the diencephalon, which regulate risk‐taking behaviour.
Differences in δ15N and δ13C between embryonic and maternal tissues of the ovoviviparous bluntnose sixgill shark Hexanchus griseus
Authors: Osgood Geoffrey J. , Timmer Brian , Cox Kieran , Juanes Francis , Baum Julia K.
Published: February 2020

Stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotope ratios from muscle, liver and yolk were analysed from the mother and embryos of an ovoviviparous shark, Hexanchus griseus. Embryonic liver and muscle had similar δ15N and δ13C ratios or were depleted in heavy isotopes, compared to the same maternal somatic and reproductive yolk tissues, but no relationship existed between δ15N or δ13C and embryo length, as expected, because a switch to placental nourishment is lacking in this species. This study expands the understanding of maternal nourishment and embryonic stable isotope differences in ovoviviparous sharks.
Synthetic hair reactions and treatment of complications: Case reports
Authors: Triwongwaranat Daranporn , Boonchai Waranya , Subchookul Chanika , Sitthinamsuwan Panitta , Thuangtong Rattapon
Published: February 2020

Background

Synthetic hair fiber implantation first achieved widespread use in the 1970s, but in 1983, the US Federal Drug Administration banned the fibers due to its complications. Currently available synthetic fibers consist of polyamide material, which has been claimed to be effective and safe. Nevertheless, its use for hair restoration is controversial because of complications such as recurrent infections; the rejection and the faster‐than‐anticipated loss of fibers; frequent allergic reactions; fears about carcinogenicity; cicatricial alopecia; granulomatous hypersensitivity; and cyst formation.

Aims

To report complications of synthetic hair implantation and treatments.

Methods

We report the clinical data, pathological studies, and treatment outcomes of two patients who developed complications after a synthetic hair implantation.

Results

Our case reports showed significant moderate‐to‐severe adverse events, including recurrent folliculitis, scalp crusting, scarring, the matting and breakage of fibers, and granulomatous reactions. The onset of the reactions varied between 1 and 8 weeks. Pathological studies showed that the implantation of the synthetic hair into the scalp produced a hyperplastic proliferation of epidermal cells, foreign body granuloma, and persistent acute inflammation due to bacterial infections. In our study, definitive treatment was ineffective until the synthetic fibers were removed from the scalp.

Conclusion

These significant adverse reactions may limit the benefits of synthetic hair fiber implantation for some patients. Although the inflammations were initially controlled by oral and topical antibiotics, a variety of antibiotics were unable to control the folliculitis. The fibers were ultimately removed, following which, the inflammations improved.
A topical cell therapy approach for diabetic chronic ulcers: Effects of mesenchymal stromal cells associated with platelet‐rich plasma
Authors: Stessuk Talita , Ribeiro‐Paes João Tadeu , Colpas Paula Tavares , Martins Alves Paulo César , Rehder Jussara , Bosnardo Carla Aparecida Faccio , Guillaumon Ana Terezinha , Forte Andresa , Puzzi Maria Beatriz
Published: February 2020

Background

Diabetic cutaneous ulcers are subjected to several physiological and biochemical defects, which contribute to wound chronicity and therapeutic failure. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been used for stimulating tissue regeneration, and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated therapeutic properties in all phases of skin regeneration in cell therapy studies.

Aims

The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects related to the use of a biomembrane composed of autologous MSCs and PRP on chronic wounds of diabetic patients (pre‐post pilot study).

Patients/Methods

Six diabetic patients with chronic wounds for more than 6 months were subjected to adipose tissue collection for isolation of MSCs, blood collection for PRP preparation, and topical administration of a biomembrane of MSCs and PRP on each chronic wound. The statistical difference regarding the evolution of ulcers was calculated by means of paired t test.

Results

There was granulation tissue formation starting from 7 days after topical application. Total re‐epithelialization occurred in 5 of the 9 lesions treated, and the mean wound healing rate (WHR) was 74.55% (±32.55%) after 90 days. No cicatricial hypertrophy or retraction was observed.

Conclusion

Mesenchymal stromal cells topical therapy associated with PRP is well‐tolerated and able to provide a reduction in ulcer area of diabetic chronic wounds.
Efficacy and safety of a 3‐in‐1 antiaging night facial serum containing melatonin, bakuchiol, and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate through clinical and histological analysis
Authors: Goldberg David J. , Mraz‐Robinson Deanne , Granger Corinne
Published: February 2020

Background

Changes induced by intrinsic and extrinsic photoaging result in signs of skin aging including altered pigmentation and wrinkles. A 3‐in‐1 night facial serum (NFS) was developed to treat skin aging by antioxidative and retinoid‐like mechanisms.

Objective

To determine the clinical and histological effects of the 3‐in‐1 NFS on signs of skin aging, clinically and histologically.

Methods & Materials

Twenty‐four subjects applied serum nightly for 12 weeks, and 12 subjects continued an extension study to 24 weeks. Clinical assessment of skin quality was performed by dermatologists. Skin biopsy was performed at 12 weeks to assess histological changes.

Results

There was a global aesthetic improvement over the duration of the study: +1.21 points at 12 weeks; +1.25 at 24 weeks. Skin texture, pigmentation, erythema, skin tone, complexion, lines, and wrinkles all significantly improved (P < .05). There was also a significant reduction in photodamage, hyperpigmentation, and wrinkle scores, most notably horizontal forehead expression lines, and marionette lines (P < .05 for all). Dermal and epidermal thickness increased without reaching statistical significance.

Conclusion

The 3‐in‐1 NFS had clinically and statistically significant effects on signs of skin aging after 12 weeks, which became more pronounced after 24 weeks.
Platelet‐rich plasma in noninvasive procedures for atrophic acne scars: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Long Tyler , Gupta Akhil , Ma Steven , Hsu Sylvia
Published: February 2020

Background

The use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) combined with noninvasive, nonenergy procedures for atrophic acne scars has shown promise. To date, there has not been a systematic review or meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of this therapy.

Aims

To use meta‐analysis to compare Goodman and Baron qualitative scores, patient satisfaction outcomes, and adverse effects in patients undergoing combination procedures with PRP, combination procedures without PRP, and noninvasive monotherapy without PRP in the treatment of patients with atrophic acne scars.

Patients/Methods

The Pubmed and Cochrane library databases were searched for relevant studies published before May 1, 2019. PRISMA guidelines were utilized. Studies that compared the use of PRP in combination with a noninvasive procedure and therapies without PRP for the treatment of atrophic acne scars were included. Cochrane's handbook was utilized to assess the individual biases of the included studies. Publication bias was assessed.

Results

A total of 311 participants (153 whole‐face participants and 158 split‐face participants) were reviewed across eight included studies. Quantitative analysis of 241 participants across six included studies showed a statistically significant reduction in scar severity scores in favor of microneedling or subcision with PRP (P < .001). Combination therapy with intradermal or topical PRP was significantly more effective than monotherapy alone and combination therapy with an adjunct other than PRP (P < .001 and .001, respectively).

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta‐analysis demonstrated that microneedling or subcision with PRP produced statistically significant improvement in validated outcomes over microneedling or subcision alone.
Differential diagnosis of toothache to prevent erroneous and unnecessary dental treatment
Authors: De Laat Antoon
Published: February 2020

Toothache represents the most common example of oro‐facial pain. Its origin is mostly odontogenic, but several other conditions may mimic dental pain or present themselves as such. Well‐known examples are myofascial pain, trigeminal neuropathies like neuralgia and painful post‐traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain, oro‐facial neurovascular pains, cardiac pain and sinus disease. This review first discusses the current knowledge on the underlying pathophysiology of heterotopic tooth pain. Afterwards, several conditions potentially presenting as toothache will be illustrated regarding clinical features, diagnosis and management.
Technique to Fabricate Hollow Maxillary Complete Denture Using 3D Printed Template
Authors: Shah Rupal Jaydip , Lagdive Sanjay Balaji , Machchhar Abhay Hareshkumar , Periyanan Kalaiarasi , Cherian Sherin
Published: February 2020

Severely resorbed residual alveolar ridges are a challenge in rehabilitation with removable complete dentures. Increased interarch space may result in increased height of maxillary and/or mandibular dentures with corresponding increase in weight, which may compromise retention and resistance of the denture and ultimately, the success of the removable prosthesis. There are many techniques and materials described for reducing the weight of dentures. This article describes an innovative technique for fabricating hollow maxillary dentures using a 3D printed hollow dental surgical guide resin spacer. The double flask technique was used to construct the hollow denture and was modified to incorporate the hollow spacer at the time of final closure of flasks.
Melatonin and circadian rhythms in liver diseases: Functional roles and potential therapies
Authors: Sato Keisaku , Meng Fanyin , Francis Heather , Wu Nan , Chen Lixian , Kennedy Lindsey , Zhou Tianhao , Franchitto Antonio , Onori Paolo , Gaudio Eugenio , Glaser Shannon , Alpini Gianfranco
Published: February 2020

Circadian rhythms and clock gene expressions are regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus, and melatonin is produced in the pineal gland. Although the brain detects the light through retinas and regulates rhythms and melatonin secretion throughout the body, the liver has independent circadian rhythms and expressions as well as melatonin production. Previous studies indicate the association between circadian rhythms with various liver diseases, and disruption of rhythms or clock gene expression may promote liver steatosis, inflammation, or cancer development. It is well known that melatonin has strong antioxidant effects. Alcohol drinking or excess fatty acid accumulation produces reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the liver leading to liver injuries. Melatonin administration protects these oxidative stress‐induced liver damage and improves liver conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that melatonin administration is not limited to antioxidant effects and it has various other effects contributing to the management of liver conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that restoring circadian rhythms or expressions as well as melatonin supplementation may be promising therapeutic strategies for liver diseases. This review summarizes recent findings for the functional roles and therapeutic potentials of circadian rhythms and melatonin in liver diseases.
Therapeutic relationships: Making space to practice in chaotic institutional environments
Authors: Kingston Mark A , Greenwood Sallie
Published: February 2020

Accessible summary

What is known about the subject?

While therapeutic relationships remain core to mental health nursing practice and patient recovery, increased managerialism and focus on risk has impacted nurses’ therapeutic practice with patients. While there is anecdotal evidence of the impact there has been little research that demonstrates nurses experience of therapeutic engagement within the current context.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The paper reports on qualitative research that highlights nurses’ strong attempts to create the space for therapeutic engagement with clients.

This research provides evidence of the constraints on practice imposed by new managerial processes and suggests potential means of responding to them.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses are committed to working therapeutically but struggle to balance this against new managerial demands imposed across many OECD countries. The New Zealand government has recently reported on positive changes to mental health provision but does not suggest changes to the structures that impede good practice. This research indicates that structural change is essential to therapeutic engagement.

Introduction

Increasing managerialism, driven in part by notions of risk, compromises the mental health nurses therapeutic engagement with clients potentially impacting their recovery. While the importance of therapeutic relationships in mental health recovery is acknowledged, there is little evidence about how managerial processes encroach on this relationship.

Aim

To explore mental health nurses experience of engaging in therapeutic relationships within the current practice environment.

Method

This paper utilized an interpretive phenomenological approach, using interviews with mental health nurses.

Results

Managerial processes significantly impacted the practice of nurses who struggled to make space for therapeutic relationships within a chaotic milieu. The chaos is associated with increasing austerity within the health system; this has resulted in high staff turnover and staff shortages.

Discussion

Managerial demands dominate the practice field at the expense of therapeutic engagement between nurses and clients ultimately affecting client recovery. While nurses’ integrity means they desperately try to make space for the therapeutic work, they often become burnt out and disheartened.

Implications for practice

While nurses are often blamed for failures in the system, the structures that disable nurses in their attempts to practice therapeutically require urgent responses, strengthening professional organizations and engaging in democratic partnerships with consumer groups.
Gentle rocking movements during sleep in the elderly
Authors: van Sluijs Rachel , Wilhelm Elisabeth , Rondei Quincy , Omlin Ximena , Crivelli Francesco , Straumann Dominik , Jäger Lukas , Riener Robert , Achermann Peter
Published: February 2020

Vestibular stimulation in the form of rocking movements could be a promising non‐pharmacological intervention for populations with reduced sleep quality, such as the elderly. We hypothesized that rocking movements influence sleep by promoting comfort. We assessed whether gentle rocking movements can facilitate the transition from wake to sleep, increase sleep spindle density and promote deep sleep in elderly people. We assessed self‐reported comfort using a pilot protocol including translational movements and movements along a pendulum trajectory with peak linear accelerations between 0.10 and 0.20 m/s2. We provided whole‐night stimulation using the settings rated most comfortable during the pilot study (movements along a pendulum trajectory with peak linear acceleration of 0.15 m/s2). Sleep measures (polysomnography) of two baseline and two movement nights were compared. In our sample (n = 19; eight female; mean age: 66.7 years, standard deviation: 3 years), vestibular stimulation using preferred stimulation settings did not improve sleep. A reduction of delta power was observed, suggesting reduced sleep depth during rocking movements. Sleep fragmentation was similar in both conditions. We did not observe a sleep‐promoting effect using settings optimized to be comfortable. This finding could imply that comfort is not the underlying mechanism. At frequencies below 0.3 Hz, the otoliths cannot distinguish tilt from translation. Translational movement trajectories, such as used in previous studies reporting positive effects of rocking, could have caused sensory confusion due to a mismatch between vestibular and other sensory information. We propose that this sensory confusion might be essential to the sleep‐promoting effect of rocking movements described in other studies.
Introduction of Methods Showcase Articles in Language Learning
Authors: Crossley Scott , Marsden Emma , Ellis Nick , Kormos Judit , Morgan‐Short Kara , Thierry Guillaume
Published: February 2020

Building on initiatives to promote high quality methodologies and Open Science practices in the language sciences, Language Learning will introduce, as of March 2020, a new manuscript type entitled Methods Showcase Articles (MSAs). The purpose of MSAs is to introduce new or emerging qualitative and quantitative methods, techniques, or instrumentation for language data collection, cleaning, sampling, coding, scoring, and analysis. MSAs are intended to describe methods and provide detailed examples of their application such that language researchers can easily adopt or adapt them in future studies. In this editorial, we outline the goals, format, and benefits of MSAs, discuss how they can advance language sciences, and discuss potential concerns.