bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propuesta de mejora del proceso de producción de molienda de una empresa productora de goma de tara
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Cabana Curi Carlos Enrique
Published: November 2020

Actualmente, una serie de factores está redefiniendo, aceleradamente, la industria de alimentos, que perjudican a empresas con modelos de gestión y producción tradicional a nivel mundial. Por un lado, el crecimiento demográfico y los problemas ambientales hacen, la escasez de alimentos, un factor presente, que las empresas deben saber sobrellevar dentro de sus planes. La extinción y escasez de recursos alimenticios es un problema latente que no se encuentra regulado en varios países. Por ello, esta desventaja, conlleva al incremento de costos de materias primas e insumos y los márgenes de rentabilidad disminuyan. Por otro lado, las leyes políticas de alimentos, que rigen dentro de los países, evolucionan con el tiempo en salud y seguridad. Obligan a adecuarse a normas implantadas según, categoría, producto, proveniencia y procedimiento de cada alimento. Sin embargo, cada país tiene diferente nivel de estatuto, lo cual cada empresa de alimentos debe tener prioridad. No obstante, la industria de alimentos debe tener gran capacidad de rapidez de cambio en sus procedimientos, con la finalidad de adaptarse a las nuevas exigencias políticas de mercado. La metodología Lean Manufacturing es estrategia sólida de innovación. A pesar de poder adaptarse a cualquier ámbito, se centra en una filosofía de trabajo. Identifica las fallas internas de forma autónoma, para obtener mayores ventajas de recursos. Principalmente, en la industria de alimentos se centra en la eliminación de grandes niveles de desperdicio, aumento en el rendimiento del sistema y configuración flexible de producción con la finalidad de cumplir y sostener la demanda.
Análisis del Enfoque Basado en el Riesgo (EBR) aplicado para la detección de movimientos financieros atípicos relacionados al lavado de activos y financiamiento del terrorismo de las financieras especializadas en microfinanzas del Perú durante el 2018
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Rodríguez Moncada Carlos Alfredo , Ronceros Marcelo Marcos Daniel
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la influencia del enfoque basado en el riesgo (EBR) en la detección de movimientos atípicos relacionados al lavado de activos y financiamiento del terrorismo. El estudio está enfocado en las empresas financieras especializadas en microfinanzas del Perú, para el cual se empleó el método hipotético deductivo y teoría fundamentada. En el primer capítulo, se presenta el marco teórico que contiene los antecedentes y definiciones de lavado de activos y financiamiento del terrorismo, operaciones inusuales y sospechosas, oficial de cumplimiento, sistema financiero y micro financiero, base regulatoria y los métodos aplicados. En el segundo capítulo, se explica el problema de investigación, así como la hipótesis y los objetivos planteados. En el tercer capítulo, se define el tipo y diseño de investigación, mediante un método hipotético deductivo y una teoría fundamentada. Asimismo, el diseño será descriptivo. En el cuarto capítulo, se definen las variables a emplearse, así como los instrumentos y técnicas que utilizaremos en la investigación. Por último, se explican las conclusiones y recomendaciones de la investigación.
NERGİSÎ’NİN BİR MECMUADAKİ “GÖNLÜMÜZ” REDİFLİ GAZELİ ÜZERİNE
Authors: SELÇUK Bahir
Published: November 2020

Klasik Türk nesrinin önemli temsilcilerinden biri olan Nergisî aynı zamanda önemli bir şairdir. Kaynaklarda divanı/şiir mecmuası olduğuna dair bilgiler yer alsa da henüz bu eserlere ulaşılamamıştır. Nergisî'nin mensur eserlerinde yer alan şiirlerinin yanında şiir mecmualarında da çeşitli şiirlerine rastlanmaktadır. Son dönemde şiir mecmualarında yer alan bu şiirler üzerine çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmış, bu çerçevede 19 gazeli yayımlanmıştır. Nergisî’ye ait yeni bir gazel de yine bir şiir mecmuası içinde yer almaktadır. 52 varaktan oluşan bu mecmua, Hacı Selim Ağa Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi Hüdayî Efendi 1313 numarada kayıtlıdır. “fâ'ilâtün fâ'ilâtün fâ’ilâtün fâʽilün” kalıbıyla yazılan “gönlümüz” redifli gazel, âşıkane temalıdır.
Diskresi Oleh Kepolisian Republik Indonesia Resor Mojokerto Kota Dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas
Authors: Zulkarnaen Safiq Jundhira
Published: November 2020

Dalam lingkup wilayah hukum Kepolisian Republik Indonesia Resor Mojokerto Kota, peristiwa kecelakaan lalu lintas adalah peristiwa hukum yang seringkali pada tahun 2017 terjadi 322 peristiwa dan tahun 2018 terjadi 370 peristiwa kecelakaan lalu lintas, yang mana dari peristiwa tersebut tidak ada yang naik ke pengadilan kecuali hanya 1 kasus saja. Sehingga adanya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan diskresi oleh Kepolisian Resor Mojokerto Kota dalam penyelesaian perkara kecelakaan lalu lintas. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis empiris. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan triangulasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan tahapan: kompilasi bahan-bahan hukum, klasifikasi, sistematisasi, serta interpretasi. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penegakan hukum oleh Polri tidak bisa dilakukan secara kaku. Penegak hukum untuk menguji setiap perkara kecelakaan lalu lintas melalui diskresi maupun mediasi, dengan tujuan adalah kepentingan korban dalam perspektif keadilan restoratif.  Penerapan diskresi oleh Kepolisian Resor Mojokerto Kota dalam melaksanakan tugas dan wewenangnya dapat bertindak menurut penilaiannya sendiri. Namun hal tersebut dilaksanakan dengan mempertimbangkan manfaat dan risiko tindakannya dan untuk kepentingan umum.
Application of Restorative Justice in Domestic Violence by Women's and Children Units of Barelang Resort Police
Authors: Ariani Retno
Published: November 2020

Domestic  violence  is  any  act  against  a  person  especially  a  woman,  resulting  misery  or physical,  sexual,  psychological  and  child  neglect  or  suffering.  Domestic  violence  is  a  hidden crime  because  there  are  many  victims,  but  few  report  incidents.  The  punishment  for  the perpetrators  must  be  considered  by  the  principle  of  expediency  and  justice.  If  the  concept  of restorative justice is done correctly, it can create justice and balance between the perpetrators of crime and the victims. The research method used in this paper is normative legal research, literature studies and case studies. The application of the concept of restorative justice carried out  by  women's  and  children  protection  units  of  the  Barelang  Resort  Police  is  making collaboration  with  CJS  and  related  agencies  such  as  social  services  in  handling  cases  of violence.  The  result  is  that  the  handling  of  domestic  violence  cases  in  the  Barelang  Resort Police can be more focused and resolved.
Prediction of Drug Potencies of BACE1 Inhibitors: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation and MM_GB(PB)SA Scoring
Authors: Hamed Mazen
Published: November 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder. One of the important therapeutic approaches of AD is the inhibition of β‐site APP cleaving enzyme‐1 (BACE1). This enzyme plays a central role in the synthesis of the pathogenic β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease. A group of potent BACE1 inhibitors with known x-ray structures (PDB ID 5i3X, 5i3Y, 5iE1, 5i3V, 5i3W, 4LC7, 3TPP) were studied by molecular dynamics simulation and binding energy calculation employing MM_GB(PB)SA. The calculated binding energies gave Kd values 0.139 µM, 1.39 nM, 4.39 mM, 24.3 nM, 1.39 mM, 29.13 mM and 193.07 nM, respectively. These inhibitors showed potent inhibitory activities in enzymatic and cell assays. The Kd values were compared with experimental values, the structures were discussed in view of the energy contributions to binding. Drug likeness of these inhibitors is also discussed. Accommodation of ligands in the catalytic site of BACE1 is discussed depending on the type of fragment involved in each structure. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and energy studies were used to explore the recognition of the selected BACE1 inhibitors by Asp 32, Asp228 and the hydrophobic flap. The results show that selective BACE1 inhibition may be due to the formation of strong electrostatic interactions with Asp32 and Asp228 and a large number of hydrogen bonds, π-π and Van der Waals interactions with the amino acid residues located inside the catalytic cavity. Interactions with the ligands show a similar binding mode with BACE1. These results help to rationalize the design of selective BACE1 inhibitors.
Imaging diagnostic methods in assessment of renal function in patients with kidney tumours
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Azilgareeva K.R. , Proskura A.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Borisov V.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Chernenky M.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Saenko V.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Fiev D.N. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

The article offers a review of modern methods of assessing renal function in patients with kidney tumours. At present, there are many methods of assessment of renal function, beginning with laboratory diagnostic tests and up to radionuclide diagnostic methods. Examination of glomerular filtration rate and the Rehberg-Tareev test are widespread and accessible methods, but they are not precise indicators and do not allow determination of the split renal function. Scintigraphy is a “gold standard” permitting to obtain comprehensive information about split renal, but it is a costly procedure. Contrast computered tomography might be a promising a method for assessing renal function during both the preoperative and postoperative periods. Key words: computered tomography, assessment of renal function, partial nephrectomy, scintigraphy
A review of the European Association of Urology Guidelines on management of urological cases during the COVID-19pandemic
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Laukhtina E.A. , Shpikina A.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Taratkin M.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Enikeev D.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Alyaev Yu.G. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Glybochko P.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented effect on health systems around the world. The current situation has left its mark on all medical organisations. The principles of management of patients with various diseases have changed, and patients of urological clinics have not become an exclusion. On the whole, specialist recommend to postpone any interventions as late as possible, except for life-threatening situations that require urgent medical care In all other cases, remote consultation and treatment of patients are proposed. We prepared a review of the recommendations of the European Association of Urology (EAU) on treatment, diagnosis and follow-up of such patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Androgen deficiency in patients with prostatic diseases
Authors:   Moscow Research and Education Center M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kamalov A.A. ,   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vasilevskiy R.P. ,   Municipal Polyclinic No 134 Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation;, Okhobotov D.A. ,   Moscow Research and Education Center M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation;, Neplokhov E.A. ,   I.D. Evtushenko Tomsk Regional Perinatal Center
Published: November 2020

Negative effects of androgen deficiency in males can be avoided by regular androgen screening in patients over 50 years of age. We measured testosterone levels in 521 men aged between 18 and 93 years (mean age 60.94 years). A total of 235 patients (45.2%) were found to have age-related hypogonadism. We have developed a diagnostic algorithm for androgen deficiency at outpatient facilities. We also assessed the prevalence of prostatic diseases and a number of somatic disorders in patients with age-related hypogonadism. We have proposed a variant of medical correction of androgen deficiency. Key words: age-related hypogonadism, testosterone, prostate, screening, androgen replacement therapy
Cuistow: Chinese Unique Inlay Bristow
Authors: Lin Lin , Zhang Min , Song Qingfa , Cheng Xu , Shao Zhenxing , Yan Hui , Cui Guoqing
Published: November 2020

Background:

The prevalence of nonunion after the Latarjet procedure remains high. The purpose of the present study was to investigate healing and clinical outcomes after a novel arthroscopic coracoid process transfer procedure.

Methods:

Sixty-three patients who underwent the arthroscopic inlay Bristow procedure combined with Bankart repair were identified, and 51 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The key feature of this technique was that the coracoid process was trimmed and fixed into a trough (5 to 10 mm deep) in the glenoid neck with a metal screw. Bone graft union and positioning accuracy were assessed with use of postoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging. Clinical examinations, return to sport, and functional scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] and Rowe scores) were recorded.

Results:

The mean duration of follow-up (and standard deviation) was 41.5 ± 7.7 months (range, 36 to 48 months). Postoperative CT scans showed that the position of coracoid graft was at 4:10 (from 3:50 to 5:00) (referencing the right shoulder) in the sagittal view. The α angle was 16.4° ± 9.5°, with 4 (7.8%) of 51 screws being over-angulated (α > 25°). On the axial view, the graft position was considered to be flush in 33 patients (64.7%), medial in 11 (21.6%), congruent in 7 (13.7%), and lateral or too medial in none. At 1 year, the coracoid graft had healed in 49 patients (96.1%) and had failed to unite in 2 patients. CT scanning, performed for 47 patients, showed grade-0 osteolysis in 9 patients, grade-1 osteolysis in 21 patients, and grade-2 osteolysis in 17 patients. At the time of the latest follow-up, there was a significant increase in the Rowe score (from 35.5 ± 8.3 to 95.7 ± 7.2) and the ASES score (from 71.2 ± 9.7 to 91.5 ± 4.4), and 87.0% of patients were able to return to sport. No arthropathy was observed in any patient.

Conclusions:

After a minimum 3-year follow-up, the arthroscopic inlay Bristow procedure resulted in a high rate of graft healing, excellent clinical outcomes, and a high rate of return to sports.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Magma Loading in the Southern Coast Plutonic Complex, British Columbia and Washington
Authors: Brown E. H.
Published: November 2020

The southen end of the 1800 km long Coast Plutonic Complex (CPC), exposed in the Harrison Lake area of British Columbia and in the North Cascades of Washington, bears a record of great crustal thickening -20 to 40 km in localized zones during Late Cretaceous times. During this period, the CPC was positioned at the continental margin during collision/subduction of the Farallon plate. Arc magmatism and regional orogenic contraction were both active as potential crustal thickening processes. Magmatism is favored in this report as the dominant factor based on the delineation of four spatially and temporally separate loading events, the close association of the loaded areas with emplacement of large plutons, and a paucity of evidence of deep regional tectonic contraction. The timing and spatial location of crustal loading events are documented by the following: zircon ages in plutons; an early event of low pressure in pluton aureoles evidenced by andalusite, now pseudomorphed by high-pressure minerals; high pressures in country rock in pluton aureoles measured by mineral compositions in the assemblages garnet-biotite-muscovite-plagioclase and garnet-aluminum silicate-plagioclase; high pressures recorded in plutons by Al-in-hornblende barometry; and uplift ages of plutons derived from K-Ar and Ar-Ar ages of micas and hornblende in plutons.
Clinically Applicable System For 3D Teeth Segmentation in Intraoral Scans using Deep Learning
Authors: Hao Jin , Liao Wen , Zhang Yueling , Li Peilin , Yi Jianru , Peng Jerry , Zhao Zeu , Chen Zhang , Shi Wenxuan , Chen Tingyu , Zhou Bowen , Feng Yang , Fang Bing , Hu Haoji , Yang Howard , Li Erping , Liu Zuozhu , Zhao Zhihe
Published: November 2020

Digital dentistry plays a pivotal role in dental healthcare. A critical step in many digital dental systems is to accurately delineate individual teeth and the gingiva in the three-dimension (3D) intraoral scanned (IOS) mesh data. However, previous state-of-the-art methods are either time-consuming or error-prone, hence hinder their clinical applicability. In this paper, we present an accurate, efficient, and fully-automated deep learning model, trained on a dataset of 4,000 IOS data annotated by experienced human experts. On a hold-out dataset of 200 scans, our model achieves a per-face accuracy, average-area accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 96.94%, 98.26%, and 0.9991, respectively, significantly outperforming the state-of-the-art baseline. In addition, our model only takes about 24 seconds to generate segmentation outputs, as compared to over 5 minutes by the baseline and 15 minutes by human experts. A clinical performance test of 500 patients with malocclusion or/and abnormal teeth shows that 96.9% of the segmentations are satisfactory for clinical applications, 2.9% automatically trigger alarms for human improvement, and only 0.2% of them need rework. Our research demonstrates the potential for deep learning to improve the efficacy and efficiency of dental treatment and digital dentistry.
A simulated client exploration of nonprescription availability of antibiotics at drugstores for childhood acute diarrhea and upper respiratory infection in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Malik Usman Rashid , Chang Jie , Hashmi Furqan , Atif Naveel , Basir Hareem , Hayat Khezar , Khan Faiz Ullah , Kabba John Alimamy , Lambojon Krizzia , Fang Yu
Published: November 2020

Background The excessive consumption of antibiotics is a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance, especially in children. Children are often being advised antibiotics for viral infections. In developing countries, the drugstores are a prime source of easy access to nonprescription antibiotics. Also, in Pakistan, their irrational use is an “everyday routine”. The study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the dispensing of nonprescription antibiotics for children at drugstores of Lahore, Pakistan.Methods Using the pediatric acute diarrhea and acute upper respiratory infection as disease scenarios, a simulated client, cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan to explore the antibiotics’ ease of availability at both categories of drugstores (pharmacies and medical stores) from November 1st, 2019 to January 31st, 2020. Chi-square (x2) test was used to compare the differences in practices of different categorical variables. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to analyze the association of various factors with antibiotics dispensing.Results Antibiotics were dispensed without prescription in 456 (59%) of 773 simulated visits out of which 425 (93.2%) were dispensed on the advice of the drugstore staff. The qualified pharmacist was available in only 164 (21.2%) cases. Of 386 visits for acute diarrhea and 387 for acute upper respiratory infection, nonprescription antibiotic dispensing occurred in 259 (67.1%) and 197 (50.9%) visits respectively. The considerable differences (p-value < 0.05) were observed between the practices of the towns, disease scenario presented, categories of drugstores, and pharmacist-supervised drugstores. Conclusions The inappropriate dispensing practices were prevalent to a large extent at the drugstores and antibiotics were effortlessly obtainable without prescriptions. The quality of the services provided, especially by the non-pharmacist staff, was also not satisfactory. Therefore, the Drug Regulating Authority of Pakistan must enforce strict implementation of drug laws at the drugstores without delays especially in major cities to help curb the felonious use of antibiotics.
The Maxwell crossover and the van der Waals equation of state
Authors: Liu Hongqin
Published: November 2020

The well-known Maxwell construction1 (the equal-area rule, EAR) was devised for vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculation with the van der Waals (vdW) equation of state (EoS)2. The EAR generates an intermediate volume between the saturated liquid and vapor volumes. The trajectory of the intermediate volume over the coexistence region is defined here as the Maxwell crossover, denoted as the M-line, which is independent of EoS. For the vdW or any cubic3 EoS, the intermediate volume corresponds to the “unphysical” root, while other two corresponding to the saturated volumes of vapor and liquid phases, respectively. Due to it’s “unphysical” nature, the intermediate volume has always been discarded. Here we show that the M-line, which turns out to be strictly related to the diameter4 of the coexistence curve, holds the key to solving several major issues. Traditionally the coexistence curve with two branches is considered as the extension of the Widom line5,6-9. This assertion causes an inconsistency in three planes of temperature, pressure and volume. It is found that the M-line is the natural extension of the Widom line into the vapor-liquid coexistence region. As a result, the united single line coherently divides the entire phase space, including the coexistence and supercritical fluid regions, into gas-like and liquid-like regimes in all the planes. Moreover, along the M-line the vdW EoS finds a new perspective to access the second-order transition in a way better aligning with observations and modern theory10. Lastly, by using the feature of the M-line, we are able to derive a highly accurate and analytical proximate solution to the VLE problem with the vdW EoS.
Association of Clinicopathological Features with IgA Nephropathy: A Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Li Mei , Peng Liang , Wan Li-Li , Liu Hai-Yang , Xia Ming , Wu Ling-Zhi , Li Yan , Wang Chang , Chen Guo-Chun , Liu Yu , Liu Hong
Published: November 2020

Background: IgA nephropathy(IgAN) is the leading form of glomerular disease worldwide. Currently, the pathogenesis of IgAN is unclear and IgAN can only be diagnosed by renal biopsy, which lacks non-invasive methods. This study aims to analyze the association between clinicopathological characteristics and IgAN by principal component analysis. Methods: Based on a combination of z-test and PCA, the fit of this model was evaluated with logistic regression analyses. Results: Data from 847 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN in 1395 cases from May 2008 to April 2013 were analyzed. the average age is 33.156±12.308 years old and males account for 43%. Z-test selected 27 clinical and pathological indicators related to IgAN, and the principal component prediction model was established based on these 27 indicators. Logistic regression model providing 91.93% IgAN renal recall rate and 71.29% overall accuracy, which shows that the PCA model has high reliability. Conclusions: As the model result shows, the higher level spheroid hardening rate, serum creatinine, blood uric acid and lower level eGFR might promote the occurrence of IgAN, which also provides more information for non-invasive diagnosis of IgAN patients.
An overview of basics for developing a reopening roadmap amid COVID-19 pandemic, a suggestion for the world
Authors: Askarian Mehrdad , Groot Gary , Taherifard Ehsan , Taherifard Erfan , Akbarialiabad Hossein , Borazjani Roham , Askarian Ardalan , Taghrir Mohammad Hossein
Published: November 2020

The necessity of easing pandemic restrictions is apparent, and due to the harsh consequences of lockdowns, governments are willing to find a rational pathway to reopen their activities. To find out the basics of developing a reopening roadmap, we reviewed 16 roadmaps. The most notable findings are as following: Protecting the high-risk groups, increasing testing and contact tracing capacity, making decisions scientifically, and making the decisions to impose the lowest risks to the economy were the most principles mentioned in the roadmaps. Social distancing, using a face-covering mask, and washing hands were the necessary preventive actions that were recommended for individuals. Health key metrics pointed out in the roadmaps were categorized into four subsets; sufficient preventive capacities, appropriate diagnosis capacity, appropriate epidemiological monitoring capacity, and sufficient health system capacity to be resilient in facing the surges and next phases of the pandemic. All roadmaps describe their in-phases strategy in three major steps, with a minimum of two weeks considered for each phase. Based on the health key metrics, most of the roadmaps noted when progressing to the next phases, while some of them did not focus on the criteria of returning to the previous phase; which may alter the dynamicity of a roadmap.
Antimicrobial resistance and metallo-beta-lactamase producing among commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy children of Khuzestan and Fars provinces; Iran
Authors: Mahmoodi Fahimeh , Rezatofighi Seyedeh Elham , Akhoond Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2020

Background: The emergence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates is alarming since they carry mobile genetic elements with great ability to spread; therefore, early detection of these isolates, particularly their reservoir, is crucial to prevent their inter- and intra-care setting dissemination and establish suitable antimicrobial therapies. The current study was designed to evaluate the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), MBL producers and identification of MBL resistance genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of the healthy children under three years old.Methods: A total of 412 fecal E. coli isolates were collected from October 2017 to December 2018. The study population included healthy infants and children aged <3 years who did not exhibit symptoms of any diseases, especially gastrointestinal diseases. E. coli isolates were assessed to determine the pattern of AMR. E. coli isolates were assessed to determine the pattern of AMR, the production of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and MBL by phenotypic methods. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated for the presence of MBL and carbapenemase genes, plasmid profiling, and the ability of conjugation.Results: In sum, AMR, multi-drug resistance (MDR) and ESBL production were observed in more than 54.9%, 36.2% and 11.7% of commensal E. coli isolates, respectively. Out of six isolates resistant to imipenem and meropenem, four isolates were phenotypically detected as MBL producers. Two and one E. coli strains carried the blaNDM-1 and blaVIM-2 genes, respectively and were able to transmit imipenem resistance through conjugation. Conclusion: Our findings showed that children not exposed to antibiotics can be colonized by E. coli isolates resistant to the commonly used antimicrobial compounds and can be a good indicator for the occurrence and prevalence of AMR in the community. These bacteria can act as a potential reservoir of AMR genes including MBL genes of pathogenic bacteria and lead to the dissemination of resistance mechanisms to other bacteria.
WITHDRAWN: A Comparison of SAA Levels in Children With Viral CNS Infection and Kawasaki’s Disease
Authors: Yang Hui , Huo Ran
Published: November 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological differences of SAA in children with viral central nervous system (CNS) infection and Kawasaki’s Disease(KD). The former is viral invasion of central nervous system, whereas the latter is a viral systemic vasculitis. Differences in the SAA concentration in the blood and the proportion of high level SAA cases reflected the influence of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) on the concentration of peripheral blood infection markers.Methods: The SAA data comprised 226 consecutive cases of children, including 112 cases of viral CNS infection and 114 cases of KD. Differences in the proportion and concentration of SAA in the cases of the two groups were verified with a Kruskal-Wallis H-test and the chi-square test.Results: The concentration of SAA differed between children with KD and viral CNS infection, and the high level SAA proportion was lower in children with viral CNS infection compared to that in the KD group.Conclusions: The observed differences may be due to the sequestration effect, as the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) can compartmentalize the pathogens at the site of disease. Therefore, other organs are unable to be stimulated to release additional SAA.
In bromeliad phytotelma, anthropic disturbance does not affect the nematode trophic structure
Authors: Almeida Alexandre Macedo , Filho Janeo Eustáquio Almeida , Souza Ricardo Moreira
Published: November 2020

Phytotelmata (sing. phytotelma) are plant-associated reservoirs of rainwater and organic debris. These freshwater ecosystems are found in tree and bamboo holes, pitcher plants, and tank-forming bromeliads. Some studies suggest that anthropic disturbance (AD) may change the physico-chemical properties (PCPs) of the water retained in the phytotelma, and indirectly impact its biota. Hence, new AD-bioindicators could be found in the phytotelma biota. To test this hypothesis, three areas of Atlantic Forest were selected, distinct only by the level of long-term AD. In these areas, we monitored the nematode trophic structure and the water PCPs in the bromeliad Neoregelia cruenta during two years (eight seasons). Significant differences among areas were found in some seasons for total nematode abundance and/or the abundance of some trophic groups, but no pattern emerged relative to the level of AD. Anthropic disturbance did not impact nematode trophic structure possibly because the water PCPs remained fairly similar in all three areas. Our results do not corroborate previous reports that AD alters phytotelma water. On the other hand, our findings support previous studies suggesting that nematodes inhabiting bromeliad phytotelma are not good candidates for AD-bioindicators.
Etiology of hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with complicated cervical spine injury. A retrospective study
Authors: Pervukhin Sergey A. , Filichkina E. A. , Statcenko I. A. , Palmash A. V. , Vitkovskaya I. V. , Lebedeva M. N.
Published: November 2020

Objective. To study the etiological structure and antimicrobial resistance of hospital-acquired pneumonia pathogens in patients with complicated cervical spine injury.
Materials and methods. A retrospective study included 418 bacterial isolates from sputum in 29 patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia who were treated in ICU during the period 2012–2013 and 2017–2018.
Results. The most common pathogens from the lower respiratory tract, both in 2012–2013 and in 2017–2018 were Pseudomonas аeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The share of K. pneumoniae in 2017–2018 increased by 16.8 % (3.2 times more often), and the share of microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae — by 26.7 % (р < 0.001). The dynamic’s analysis shows an increase in the resistance of hospital gram-negative pathogens of hospital-acquired pneumonia to the main antimicrobial classes and an increase of the frequency of extremely resistant pathogens in 2017–2018 P. aeruginosa by 19.9 % (р = 0.008), A. baumannii by 13.8 % (р = 0.189), K. pneumoniae by 66.7 % (р < 0.001).
Conclusion. Gram-negative microorganisms are the leading pathogens of hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with complicated cervical spine injury. An increase of the level of antibiotic resistance creates an unfavorable background regarding the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with a complicated cervical spine injury.
Cardioprotection with the use of exogenous phosphocreatine in general surgery and critical conditions. Review
Authors: Yavorovskiy A. G. , Popov Alexander M. , Nogtev P. V.
Published: November 2020

The number of surgeries performed for the elderly and senile persons with concomitant cardiovascular pathology is increasing every year. It is in this category of patients that the likelihood of developing perioperative cardiac complications is highest, which requires the use of cardioprotective measures to reduce the risk of their occurrence. One of the options for cardioprotection may be the use of drugs aimed at improving metabolism and maintaining adequate energy supply to the myocardium. Such metabolic agent is exogenous phosphocreatine.
This article provides an overview of studies on the use of exogenous phosphocreatine as a cardioprotector in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. The publications were searched for in PubMed / Medline, Embase, e-library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANGFANG DATA. It has been shown that the use of phosphocreatine (PhC) in abdominal surgery, oncosurgery, during operations in traumatology, thoracic surgery, transplantation, as well as in intensive care units for sepsis and septic shock is associated with a decrease in the risk of cardiac complications and a reduction in mortality. Considering the above data on the positive cardioprotective effect of exogenous phosphocreatine in various surgeries, this protective agent can be recommended for wider application in clinical practice, especially in patients with high cardiac risk.
Prognostic Value of Next-Generation Sequencing Data in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Tsvetkov Nikolai Yur’evich , Morozova E.V. , Barkhatov I.M. , Moiseev I.S. , Barabanshchikova M.V. , Tishkov A.V. , Bug D.S. , Petukhova N.V. , Izmailova E.A. , Bondarenko S.N. , Afanasyev B.V.
Published: November 2020

Aim. To assess the prognostic value of the mutation of DNA methylation genes, SF3B1, and TP53 in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Materials & Methods. Out of 35 MDS patients included into the trial 2 had multilineage dysplasia, 13 with excess blasts-I, 19 with excess blasts-II, and 1 had 5q-syndrome (criteria WHO 2016). In 30 patients primary MDS was identified, in 5 patients it was detected after prior chemo- or radiotherapy. 25 patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). According to IPSS-R there were 1 low-risk, 5 intermediate risk, 17 high-risk, and 12 very highrisk patients. Hypomethylating agents were administered to 28 patients. Median age of patients was 49 years (range 18-80 years). Next-generation sequencing was applied for identifying somatic mutations in DNA methylation genes (TET2, IDH1/2, ASXL1, and DNMT3A) as well as in SF3B1, TP53, and RUNX1. Time to progression (TTP) was defined as the time from the initial diagnosis to the date of acute leukemia diagnosis. Allo-HSCT- or antitumor therapy-associated death was considered as competing risk. Results. Methylation gene analysis showed no mutation in 37 % of patients, in 40 % mutation was detected only in one of the genes, in 23 % mutation was identified in > 2 genes. SF3B1 mutations were reported in 23 % and TP53 in 11 % of patients. Median follow-up was 25 months (range 5-116 months). Univariate analysis showed no considerable differences in overall survival depending on mutation status. Median TTP in the group with allo-HSCT was not achieved, in the group without allo-HSCT it was 6 months (p = 0.0001). In patients with no SF3B1 mutation median TTP was 35 months, in patients with this mutation it was not achieved (p = 0.043). With ≥ 2 mutations in methylation genes median TTP was 12 months, in other cases it was not achieved (p = 0.024). In cases of TP53 mutation median TTP was 6 months, in cases without this mutation it was 43 months (p = 0.023). Multivariate analysis confirmed unfavorable prognostic value of TP53 mutation or ≥ 2 mutations in methylation genes in terms of TTP regardless of the drug treatment or allo-HSCT performed (hazard ratio 7.1; 95% confidence interval 2.6-19.6; p = 0.0001). Conclusion. The analysis of molecular markers yields additional data concerning the MDS prognosis. Further research is required to determine the prognostic value of molecular markers in clinical practice which will enable to individualize approaches to MDS treatment.
Treatment of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas in Pregnancy
Authors: Mangasarova Ya.K. , Magomedova A.U. , Nesterova E.S. , Gorenkova L.G. , Babaeva F.E. , Shmakov R.G. , Kravchenko S.K.
Published: November 2020

Background. The management of aggressive lymphomas in pregnancy depends on the time of diagnosis and immu-nomorphological variant of tumor. The rarity of aggressive lymphomas in pregnant women, the absence of consistent approaches to the treatment of such patients, the lack of data on physical growth of children as well as the incidence of newborns’ congenital and acquired pathology make this subject of vital importance. Aim. To analyze the treatment results in patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma at different stages of pregnancy. Materials & Methods. From 1993 to 2020 at the National Research Center for Hematology 74 pregnant women with lymphomas were treated. Aggressive tumors were detected in 17 (23 %) of them: primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma (п = 14), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma ALK+ (п = 1), high-grade B-cell lymphoma, unspecified (п = 1), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (п = 1). The median age of patients was 30 years (range 21-37 years). The median pregnancy stage on the diagnosis of aggressive lymphoma was 21 weeks (range 11-32 weeks). Results. In 1 case on the diagnosis of aggressive lymphoma at 11 weeks gestation dexamethasone 8 mg daily was administered up to the second trimester of pregnancy, afterwards the patient received polychemotherapy. On the diagnosis of aggressive lymphoma in the second (п = 13) and third (п = 2) trimesters of pregnancy the patients received polychemotherapy followed by delivery. In the third trimester of pregnancy delivery was performed with subsequent polychemotherapy in 1 patient. There were born 18 babies (1 pregnancy was multifetal): 8 girls and 10 boys. Conclusion. As a result of the chosen tactics and the work of interdisciplinary team of doctors all patients, who completed the treatment, are followed-up in complete remission. All born babies, despite chemotherapy and perinatal complications, are alive and develop without abnormalities.
Crystal chemistry of schreibersite, (Fe,Ni)3P
Authors: Britvin Sergey N. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Zolotarev Andrey A. , Gorelova Liudmila A. , Obolonskaya Edita V. , Vlasenko Natalia S. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. , Murashko Mikhail N.
Published: November 2020

Schreibersite, (Fe,Ni)3P, the most abundant cosmic phosphide, is a principal carrier of phosphorus in the natural Fe-Ni-P system and a likely precursor for prebiotic organophosphorus compounds at the early stages of Earth’s evolution. The crystal structure of the mineral contains three metal sites allowing for unrestricted substitution of Fe for Ni. The distribution of these elements across the structure could serve as a tracer of crystallization conditions of schreibersite and its parent celestial bodies. However, discrimination between Fe (Z = 26) and Ni (Z = 28) based on the conventional X-ray structural analysis was for a long time hampered due to the proximity of their atomic scattering factors. We herein show that this problem has been overcome with the implementation of area detectors in the practice of X-ray diffraction. We report on previously unknown site-specific substitution trends in schreibersite structure. The composition of the studied mineral encompasses a Ni content ranging between 0.03 and 1.54 Ni atoms per formula unit (apfu): the entire Fe-dominant side of the join Fe3P-Ni3P. Of 23 schreibersite crystals studied, 22 comprise magmatic and non-magmatic iron meteorites and main group pallasites. The near end-member mineral (0.03 Ni apfu) comes from the pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Basin, Negev desert, Israel. It was found that Fe/Ni substitution in schreibersite follows the same trends in all studied meteorites. The dependencies are nonlinear and can be described by second-order polynomials. However, the substitution over the M2 and M3 sites within the most common range of compositions (0.6 < Ni <1.5 apfu) is well approximated by a linear regression: Ni(M2) = 0.84 × Ni(M3) – 0.30 apfu (standard error 0.04 Ni apfu). The analysis of the obtained results shows a strong divergence between the variation of unit-cell parameters of natural schreibersite and those of synthetic (Fe,Ni)3P. This indicates that Fe/Ni substitution trends in the mineral and its synthetic surrogates are different. A plausible explanation might be related to the differences in the system equilibration time of meteoritic schreibersite (millions of years) and synthetic (Fe,Ni)3P (~100 days). However, regardless of the reason for the observed difference, synthetic (Fe,Ni)3P cannot be considered a structural analog of natural schreibersite, and this has to be taken into account when using synthetic (Fe,Ni)3P as an imitator of schreibersite in reconstructions of natural processes.
The use of flour from flax seeds in the production of cake of high nutritional value
Authors: Kameneva K. S. , Shcheveva K. V. , Naumova N. L.
Published: November 2020

The composition of the cake is overloaded with fats and fast carbohydrates, poor in dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, and the assortment requires improvement in terms of increasing nutritional and biological value, for this purpose, manufacturers use various types of non-traditional plant materials. It is well known that flax seeds and their processed products, by the composition of functional and biologically active substances, are universal enrichment agents for food products. In this regard, the aim of the research is to optimize the classic formulation of cake in the direction of increasing its nutritional value through the use of flax flour. Sensory compatibility, physicochemical parameters and nutritional value of raw materials - wheat flour, flax seed flour - have been studied. The superiority of flour from flax seeds over wheat raw materials in the number of nutrients has been revealed. Several modifications of the European Cupcake recipe have been tested by baking model samples. The practical possibility of replacing 20 % premium wheat flour with linseed flour in the European Cupcake technology has been established, which contributes to the formation of new taste, aromatic and color shades, an increase in the number of mineral elements (magnesium - 3.9 times, copper - 2.9 times, selenium - 2.4 times, manganese - 1.9 times, zinc - 1.7 times, calcium - 20.9 %, phosphorus - 24.5 %, iron - 17.6 %), protein (by 13.4 %) and dietary fiber (by 12.6 %) in products with a decrease in the laying of vegetable oil in the cake formulation.
Effect of functional and technological properties of vegetable shortenings on qualitative characteristics of biscuit
Authors: Misteneva S. Yu. , Savenkova T. V. , Demchenko E. A. , Shcherbakova N. A. , Gerasimov T. V.
Published: November 2020

The modern market has strict requirements for competitive products, forcing the manufacturer to implement scientific and technological progress in production, increase labor productivity and product quality, and reduce cost. The unchanged favorite on the confectionery market is sugar biscuits, it is in high demand among all groups of the population, the share of domestic products is more than 85 %. The quality and nutritional value of food products largely depend on the properties and composition of the predominant amount of raw materials, which in the production of sugar cookies are wheat flour, sugar and fat component. In order to update the technological control schemes and optimize the recipe composition of sugar cookies, depending on the type of fat component used, the influence and the relationship between the functional and technological properties of fatty products traditionally used in the production of sugar cookies (margarine, confectionery fat, milk substitute fat, palm oil), and quality characteristics of finished products (structural and mechanical, physicochemical and organoleptic indicators, rheological indicators of emulsion and dough) have been investigated. As a result of the studies, it has been found that the type of fatty products has a significant impact on the development and optimization of technological methods in relation to specific production conditions, the formation of sensory and structural characteristics of the finished product. Recommendations have been developed for optimizing the recipe composition of cookies depending on the type of fat used. In particular, it has been shown that it is advisable to use a milk fat substitute or margarine in products with a simple recipe composition, while the use of palm oil and confectionery fat is more justified in products with a rich recipe composition, in which organoleptic characteristics are formed by the presence of additional raw materials: dairy products, cocoa powder, nuts, dried fruits, etc.
Forming technological traits of dry milk
Authors: Radaeva I. A. , Kruchinin A. G. , Turovskaya S. N. , Illarionova E. E. , Bigaeva A. V.
Published: November 2020

Dry milk is used in a wide variety of products due to its high energy value and long shelf life. Its use is especially valuable in the dairy industry, since it smooths the seasonality of raw milk production. Moreover, dry milk makes it possible to generate socially essential products in the regions of Russia where dairy farming is not developed or where it is impossible to produce raw milk. There are different methods to form dry milk's traits and the required functional features like cheesability, heat stability and solubility. Among these methods we emphasize on technological ones, based on prevention measures of impact on raw milk during its processing. As a result, methods for the increase of dry milk's heat stability are among the most essential, since its low values make it impossible to generate products of high quality or to use this milk in any processing at all. A number of foreign and national works are dedicated to the improvement of dry milk's heat stability. These studies offer various methods like an effective refining of raw milk, its preliminary heat treatment, the use of specific food supplements and raw milk components, the correction of physicochemical values, the variation of temperature regimes, the use of unconventional equipment for desiccation and condensation. Integrated methods of heat stability increase do not require core changes in the current technological requirements of dry milk production and can be integrated into the existing production conditions, thus they arose a lot interest and have prospects. This overview allows to broaden knowledge and to find new methods to form technological traits of not only dry milk, but canned milk as well.