bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of the Marine Alga Isochrysis galbana from Taiwan
Authors: Yu Chi-Cheng , Chen Hsiao-Wei , Chen Mao-Jing , Chang Yu-Ching , Chien Shih-Chang , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Yang Feng-Ling , Wu Shih-Hsiung , Chen Jie , Yu Hsiao-Hui , Chao Louis Kuop-Ping
Published: March 2019

The present study investigated the chemical composition of Isochrysis galbana Parke, a marine microalga which is widely used as a feedstock in aquaculture. From gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis the mono-sugar compositions of I. galbana were 2.1% fucose, 2.5% rhamnose, 2.7% arabinose, 8.5% xylose, 15.7% mannose, 32.7% galactose and 35.8% glucose. The polysaccharides of I. galbana were able to induce prointerleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) protein expression within murine macrophages. Furthermore, five kinds of chlorophyll and one sterol were separated from the ethanolic extracts, including pheophorbide-a, ethyl pheophorbide-a, 10 S-10-hydroxypheophytin-a, 10 R-10-hydroxypheophytin-a, (132- R)-pheophytin-a, and brassicasterol. In addition, the major soluble components of the ethanol /n-hexane extract were 9-octadecenoic acid ( E) (38.4%), hexadecanoic acid (23.3%), tetradecanoic acid (15.7%), and octadecanoic acid (7.2%), but only a few polyunsaturated fatty acids were found, such as 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (1.9%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid ( Z, Z) (3.4%), and docosahexaenoic acid (0.2%). This is the first occasion that polysaccharides from I. galbana have been demonstrated to exert immunomodulatory properties by the induction of IL-1 within macrophages.
Essential Oil Composition of Four Endemic Ferulago Species Growing in Turkey
Authors: Kılıç Ceyda Sibel , Özkan Ayse Mine Gençler , Demirci Betül , Coşkun Maksut , Başer Kemal Hüsnü Can
Published: March 2019

The essential oils from aerial parts of Ferulago pachyloba (Fenzl) Boiss., F. platycarpa Boiss. Bal., F. isaurica Peşmen, and F. longistylis Boiss. (Apiaceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The highest oil yield (1.50%) was obtained from F. pachyloba followed by F. longistylis (0.16%), F. isaurica (0.08%) and F. platycarpa (0.07%). Fifty-three compounds were identified in the oil of F. pachyloba with ( Z)-β-ocimene (25.7%) and α-pinene (9.8%) as main constituents; sixty-seven in the oil of F. platycarpa with 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (29.8%) and cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (24.2%) as main components; seventy-eight in the oil of F. isaurica with nonacosane (25.5%) and hexadecanoic acid (14.8%) as main constituents; and fifty-nine in the oil of F. longistylis with 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (32.7%) and bornyl acetate (12.6%) as main components. Quantitative and qualitative differences in the oil compositions of these four species were observed.
Oil Constituents of Artemisia nilagirica var. septentrionalis Growing at Different Altitudes
Authors: Haider Flora , Kumar Narendra , Naqvi Ali Arif , Bagchi Guru Das
Published: March 2019

Oils of Artemisia nilagirica var. septentrionalis plants growing at different altitudes in Himachal Pradesh, India were hydrodistilled and analyzed by GC-GC/MS. The major constituents of the oil show variation with changes in altitude. At lower, middle and higher altitudes, the major constituents of the oil were caryophyllene oxide (28.6%), borneol (35.8%) and camphor (46.9%), respectively. The percentages of α-humulene and trans-β-guaiene also increased, but the percentage of sabinene, trans-sabinene hydrate, 4-terpineol, caryophyllene oxide and humulene epoxide-II decreased with an increase in altitude. The characteristic compounds observed in the plants from lower altitudes were 2-hexene-1-ol, β-thujone, thujanol, myrtenol and linalyl acetate, while the higher altitude plants were characterized by the presence of α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, linalool, γ-gurijunene, germacrene-D and farnesol.
Volatile Oil Composition of Pogostemon heyneanus and Comparison of its Composition with Patchouli Oil
Authors: Murugan Ramar , Mallavarapu Gopal Rao , Padmashree Kyathsandra Venkataramaiah , Rao Ramachandra Raghavendra , Livingstone Christus
Published: March 2019

The volatile oil of the leaves of Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-six components representing 96.0% of the oil were identified. The major components of the oil were acetophenone (51.0%), β-pinene (5.3%), ( E)-nerolidol (5.4%), and patchouli alcohol (14.0%). Comparison of the compositions of the oils of P. heyneanus and P. cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli oil) showed wide variation between them. Though 13 sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were detected in both oils, their concentrations in the oils differed widely. Acetophenone, benzoyl acetone and ( E)-nerolidol present in the oil of P. heyneanus were not detected in patchouli oil.
Chemical Composition of Volatile Oils of Aquilaria malaccensis (Thymelaeaceae) from Malaysia
Authors: Tajuddin Saiful Nizam , Yusoff Mashitah M.
Published: March 2019

Volatile oils of Aquilaria malaccensis Benth. (Thymelaeaceae) from Malaysia were obtained by hydrodistillation and subjected to detailed GC-FID and GC/MS analyses to determine possible similarities and differences in their chemical composition in comparison with the commercial oil. A total of thirty-one compounds were identified compared with twenty-nine identified in the commercial oil. The major compounds identified were 4-phenyl-2-butanone (32.1%), jinkoh-eremol (6.5%) and α-guaiene (5.8%), while the major compounds in the commercial oil were α-guaiene (10.3%), caryophellene oxide (8.6%), and eudesmol (3.2%). The results of the present study showed that more than nine sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were present, which is more than previously reported. Analysis also showed that the number of oxygenated sesquiterpenes in this study were much less than previously reported. Among the compounds detected were α-guaiene, β-agarofuran, α-bulnesene, jinkoh-eremol, kusunol, selina-3,11-dien-9-one, oxo-agarospirol and guaia-1(10),11-dien-15,2-olide.
Chemical Composition and Phytotoxic Effects of Essential Oils from Four Teucrium Species
Authors: Martino Laura De , Formisano Carmen , Mancini Emilia , Feo Vincenzo De , Piozzi Franco , Rigano Daniela , Senatore Felice
Published: March 2019

The essential oils of four Teucrium species were studied and 131 components, in all, were identified. All oils were rich in sesquiterpenes (50.0-61.9%). Caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were the main components of Teucrium arduini; germacrene D, δ-cadinene and γ-cadinene predominated in Teucrium maghrebinum. Carvacrol and caryophyllene predominated in Teucrium polium ssp. capitatum, while carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide and caryophyllene were the most abundant components in Teucrium montbretii ssp. heliotropiifolium. The germination of radish and garden cress was less sensitive to the four essential oils. The radicle elongation, above all, of radish was significantly inhibited by all oils, in particular by the essential oil of T. arduini, at the highest doses tested. Among the main components of the oils, monoterpenes resulted the more active compounds.
Chemical Constituents and Larvicidal Activity of Hymenaea courbaril Fruit Peel
Authors: Aguiar José Cláudio D. , Santiago Gilvandete M. P. , Lavor Patrícia L. , Veras Helenicy N. H. , Ferreira Yana S. , Lima Michele A. A. , Arriaga Ângela M. C. , Lemos Telma L. G. , Lima Jefferson Q. , de Jesus Hugo C. R. , Alves Péricles B. , Braz-Filho Raimundo
Published: March 2019

The chemical compositions of the essential oils from the peel of ripe and unripe fruits of Hymenaea courbaril L., obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The main constituents of the essential oil from the peel of the ripe fruits were the sesquiterpenes α-copaene (11.1%), spathulenol (10.1%) and β-selinene (8.2%), while germacrene-D (31.9%), β-caryophyllene (27.1%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.5%) were the major compounds in the oil from unripe fruits. The essential oils were tested against Aedes aegypti larvae and showed LC50 values of 14.8 ± 0.4 μg/mL and 28.4 ± 0.3 μg/mL for the ripe and unripe fruit peel oils, respectively. From the peel of the ripe fruits, the diterpenes zanzibaric acid and isoozic acid were isolated, along with the sesquiterpene caryolane-1,9β-diol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this sesquiterpene in the genus. The structures of all compounds isolated were identified on the basis of their spectral data (IR, MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR) and by comparison with literature spectral data.
Caryophyllene Oxide-rich Essential Oils of Lithuanian Artemisia campestris ssp. campestris and Their Toxicity
Authors: Judzentiene Asta , Budiene Jurga , Butkiene Rita , Kupcinskiene Eugenija , Laffont-Schwob Isabelle , Masotti Véronique
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of the essential oils of aerial parts of Artemisia campestris ssp. campestris, collected from ten different locations in Lithuania is detailed in this paper. The major component in all the oils was caryophyllene oxide (8.5-38.8%), whereas compounds with the caryophyllane skeleton ranged from 10.2 to 44.5%. Other representative constituents were germacrene D (≤15.0%), humulene epoxide II (≤8.1%), β-ylangene (≤7.7%), spathulenol (≤6.8%), β-elemene (≤6.8%), β-caryophyllene (≤6.2%), junenol (≤6.1%) and α- or β-pinene (≤5.5%). Eighty-seven compounds were identified, comprising 73.6-92.3% of the oils. The chemical composition was highly variable depending on the sample location.

Toxicity of A. campestris oils was determined using the brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) assay. LC50 values ranging to 20 μg/mL were obtained for three of the oils after 24 hours of exposure. Data of this test revealed that A. campestris ssp. campestris essential oils with dominant caryophyllene oxide are notably toxic.
Composition and Chemical Variability of the Leaf Oil from Corsican Juniperus thurifera. Integrated Analysis by GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR
Authors: Ottavioli Josephine , Casanova Joseph , Bighelli Ange
Published: March 2019

The composition of 16 samples of leaf oil from Corsican Juniperus thurifera was investigated by integrated techniques, GC, GC-MS and 13C NMR. K-means partitioning and PCA analysis of the data allowed the definition of a main group (14 samples) dominated by limonene (mean = 52.2%, SD = 6.4) and α-pinene (mean = 7.2%, SD = 3.8). Limonene and β-elemol (up to 19.7%) were identified as the major components of two atypic samples.
Combined Analysis by GC (RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR of the Supercritical Fluid Extract of Abies alba Twigs
Authors: Duquesnoy Emilie , Marongiu Bruno , Castola Vincent , Piras Alessandra , Porcedda Silvia , Casanova Joseph
Published: March 2019

Two samples (leaves and twigs) of Abies alba Miller from Corsica were extracted using supercritical CO2 and their chemical compositions were compared with those of the essential oils obtained from the same batch of plant material. In total 45 components were identified using combined analysis by GC (RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR. It was observed that the contents of monoterpenes (mainly represented by limonene, α-pinene and camphene) were significantly lower in the supercritical fluid extract (SFE) than in the essential oil (EO). Conversely, the proportions of sesquiterpenes were much higher in CO2 extracts than in essential oils (around 30% vs 4%). Cis-abienol, a diterpene alcohol, was identified only in SFE, and the proportions of this constituent (7.5% and 17.3%) were determined using quantitative 13C NMR since it was under estimated using the standard conditions of GC.
Eugenol: A Natural Compound with Versatile Pharmacological Actions
Authors: Pramod Kannissery , Ansari Shahid H. , Ali Javed
Published: March 2019

Eugenol, the major constituent of clove oil, has been widely used for its anesthetic and analgesic action in dentistry. Eugenol exhibits pharmacological effects on almost all systems and our aim is to review the research work that has identified these pharmacological actions. Eugenol possesses significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular properties, in addition to analgesic and local anesthetic activity. The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the compound in humans have been studied. Eugenol has also been used as a penetration enhancer. The compound is a very promising candidate for versatile applications, and the design of new drugs based on the pharmacological effects of eugenol could be beneficial.
New Iridoid from Aerial Parts of Mussaenda Roxburghii
Authors: De Utpal Chandra , Ghosh Ranjit , Chowdhury Sanjib , Dinda Biswanath
Published: March 2019

A new iridoid, shanzhiol (1), was isolated from the aerial parts of Mussaenda roxburghii. The structure was established by spectroscopic (including 2D NMR) and chemical methods. Shanzhiol (1) showed mild antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with a MIC of 100 μg/mL by the broth dilution method.
New 3,4-Seco-ent-kaurene Dimers from Croton micans
Authors: Mateu Elsa , Chavez Katiuska , Riina Ricarda , Compagnone Reinaldo S. , Monache Franco Delle , Suárez Alírica I.
Published: March 2019

From the stems of Croton micans Sw., five new 3,4- seco-ent-kaurene dimers: micansinoic acid (1), isomicansinoic acid (2), and the dimethyl (3), monomethyl (4) and monoethyl ester (5) of micansinoic acid were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation, mainly 1D and 2D NMR experiments and MS. These compounds are the first 3,4- seco-ent-kaurene dimers from a Croton species.
Diacarperoxide S, New Norterpene Cyclic Peroxide from the Sponge Diacarnus Megaspinorhabdosa
Authors: Ibrahim Sabrin R. M.
Published: March 2019

Re-investigation of the methanolic extract of the sponge Diacarnus megaspinorhabdosa afforded one new norsesterpene cyclic peroxide diacarperoxide S (2), in addition to two known compounds sigmosceptrellin B (1) and nebularine (3). The structures of the isolated compounds were established on the basis of one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopic studies (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and ROESY) as well as on mass spectral analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic as well as antimicrobial activities.
Complete NMR Assignments of Tubulosine
Authors: Kantamreddi Venkata Siva Satyanarayana , Wright Colin W.
Published: March 2019

This article reports the structural elucidation of the Alangium alkaloid, tubulosine (1) on the basis of systematic 2D-NMR analyses (DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC and HMBC). The data obtained allowed the unambiguous assignment of all proton and carbon signals in 1 for the first time.
Luteolin Induces Mitochondria-dependent Apoptosis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell
Authors: Chen Qing , Liu Shengming , Chen Jinghong , Zhang Qianqian , Lin Shijie , Chen Zhiming , Jiang Jianwei
Published: March 2019

The effects of luteolin on the proliferation of A549 cells were evaluated by MTT and clone formation assays. DNA ploidy and apoptotic cell percentage were calculated by flow cytometry. The expression of Bax, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP was analyzed by Western blotting. The membrane potential of mitochondria was detected by JC-1 fluorescence microscopy assay. Our results demonstrated that luteolin could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells via induction of apoptosis, with the evidence of characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis in the nucleus. Furthermore, DNA flow cytometric analysis indicated that luteolin induced a S phase arrest of the cell cycle. The membrane potential of mitochondria was decreased. The protein levels of Bax, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP were activated after treatment with luteolin. Luteolin can inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and trigger mitochondria- dependent apoptosis in them.
Secondary Metabolites, Cytotoxic Response by Neutral Red Retention and Protective Effect against H2O2 Induced Cytotoxicity of Sedum caespitosum
Authors: Şöhretoğlu Didem , Sabuncuoğlu Suna
Published: March 2019

The EtOAc, n-BuOH and H2O subextracts of the crude MeOH extract of the aerial parts of Sedum caespitosum (cav.) Dc. were screened for cytotoxicity using the neutral red assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells as well as their protective effect against H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in human red blood cells. While the extracts did not show cytotoxicity, they displayed a protective effect compared to a blank and ascorbic acid. Gallic acid (1), kaempferol 3- O-α-rhamnopyranoside (2), quercetin 3- O-β-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin 3- O-α-rhamnopyranoside (4) and myricetin 3- O-α-rhamnopyranoside (5) were isolated from the EtOAc extract and identified by 1D- and 2D-NMR. The protective effects of the isolated compounds against H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in human red blood cells were evaluated and 5 was the most active.
A New Long-Chain Unsaturated Ester and Other Constituents of Hypericum tomentosum
Authors: Touafek Ouassila , Kabouche Zahia , Boustie Joël , Bruneau Christian
Published: March 2019

Three long-chain unsaturated esters (1-3), a fatty acid (4), a fatty ester (5), phytone (6) and a phloroglucinol (hyperfoliatin) (7) were isolated from the light petroleum extract of the endemic species Hypericum tomentosum L. (Clusiaceae). Compound 2, 8,10,13-trimethyltetradecanoic acid (2E)-3-methylhexadec-2-enyl ester, which we named tomentosate, is reported for the first time. The structures of the identified compounds were established on the basis of physical and spectroscopic analysis, and by comparison with literature data.
Microbial Conversion of Tomato by a Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum: A Plant-Microbial Approach to Control Pathogenic Candida Species
Authors: Bajpai Vivek K. , Kang Sun Chul , Lee Soon-Gu , Baek Kwang-Hyun
Published: March 2019

This study was carried out to produce bioconverted products by microbial fermentation of tomato using a plant pathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum and to evaluate their in vitro antimycotic effect against pathogenic Candida species. The bioconverted products (500 μg/disc) provoked promising antimycotic effects against pathogenic isolates of Candida species as shown by the diameters of zones of inhibition (9 ± 0.6 to 14 ± 0.4 mm), along with their respective minimum inhibitory and minimum fungicidal concentration values, which increased from 250 to 1000 and 250 to 2000 μg/mL, respectively. With the viable counts of the tested fungal pathogens, exposure of the bioconverted products revealed a remarkable antimycotic effect. In addition, the morphology of a clinical isolate of C. glabrata KBN06P00368, visualized by scanning electron microscopy, showed a severe detrimental effect produced by the bioconverted products at the minimum inhibitory concentration (250 μg/mL). The bioconverted products significantly inhibited the in vitro growth of all the tested clinical and pathogenic laboratory isolates of Candida species. This study confirmed the potent antimycotic efficacy of the bioconverted products of tomato, hence justifying the therapeutic uses of bioconverted products in pharmaceutical preparations as an alternative approach to support the antifungal activity of conventional antimycotics.
Antibacterial and Antiparasitic Effects of Bothropoides lutzi venom
Authors: de Menezes Ramon R.P.P.B. , Torres Alba F. C. , da Silva Thiala S. J. , de Sousa Daniel F. , Lima Danya B. , Norjosa Dive B. , Nogueira Nádia A. P. , Oliveira Maria F. , de Oliveira Márcia R. , Monteiro Helena S. A. , Martins Alice M. C.
Published: March 2019

The therapeutic potential of toxins has aroused great interest in the scientific community. Microbial resistance is a serious current public health problem, in part because of the wide use of antimicrobial drugs. Furthermore, there are several problems in the treatment of parasitic diseases such as leishmaniosis and Chagas’ disease, including the low efficacy in some clinical phases of the diseases and the loss of effectiveness of benzonidazole in the chronic phase of Chagas’ disease. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial and antiparasitic effects of Bothropoides lutzi total venom (BltTV). The venom exerted an antibacterial effect on S. aureus, with MIC=MLC=200 μg/mL. The inhibitory effects of BltTV on promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and L. chagasi were assessed by counting of viable cells after incubation with BltTV. IC50 values of 234.6 μg/mL and 61.2 μg/mL, were obtained, respectively. Furthermore, the venom repressed epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi growth. Finally, BltTV was verified to affect murine peritoneal macrophages, causing a cytotoxic effect at the highest concentrations (100 and 50 μg/mL). In conclusion, Bothropoides lutzi venom demonstrated antibacterial and antiparasite effects, suggesting that the venom contains some substance(s) of therapeutic value.
Ternary Liquid-Liquid Equilibria Measurement for Epoxidized Soybean Oil + Acetic Acid + Water
Authors: Cai Shuang-Fei , Wang Li-Sheng , Yan Guo-Qing , Li Yi , Feng Yun-Xia , Linghu Rong-Gang
Published: March 2019

Liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) data were measured for ternary system epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) + acetic acid + water at 313.15, 323.15 and 333.15 K, respectively. The consistency of the measured LLE data was tested, using Othmer-Tobias correlation and root-mean-square deviation (δ) in mass fraction of water in the lower phase and average value of the absolute difference ( AAD) between experimental mass fraction of epoxidized soybean oil in the upper phase and that calculated using Othmer-Tobias correlation.
Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from Aerial Parts and Fruit of Anisosciadium Orientale
Authors: Rowshan Vahid , Hatami Ahmad , Bahmanzadegan Atefeh , Yazdani Mahnaz
Published: March 2019

The essential oils from aerial parts and fruits of Anisosciadium orientale DC. growing wild in Iran were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seventy-one compounds were identified in the fruit oil and fifteen in the oil from the aerial parts. The main oil components of the fruits and aerial parts were myristicin (33.5%-33.7%), α-terpinolene (22%-25.8%) and limonene (19.5%-19.7%). Some compounds, such as geranyl butyrate and germacrene-D, were only detected in the fruit oil.
Liquid CO2 Extraction of Jasminum grandiflorum and Comparison with Conventional Processes
Authors: Prakash Om , Sahoo Deeptanjali , Rout Prasant Kumar
Published: March 2019

The concrete (0.35%) of Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers was prepared by extraction in n-pentane, and the absolute (0.27%) by fractionation of the n-pentane extract (concrete) with cold methanol. Direct extraction of flowers with liquid CO2 gave a relatively fat-free product in 0.26% yield. The liquid CO2 extract was enriched with terpenoids and benzenoids, thus providing the organoleptically accepted product. The major compounds, such as benzyl acetate, ( E,E)-α-farnesene and ( Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, along with compounds like indole, methyl anthranilate, ( Z)-jasmone, ( Z)-methyl jasmonoate and ( Z)-methyl epi-jasmonoate, are responsible for the high diffusivity of the jasmine fragrance. These compounds have been obtained with improved recoveries in the liquid CO2 extract. On the other hand, the yield of the essential oil was poor (0.05%), and some polar compounds (oxygenated terpenoids) were recovered in less amounts in comparison with either the n-pentane or liquid CO2 extract.
Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Herbicidal Effects of Essential Oil Isolated from Chersodoma argentina (Asteraceae)
Authors: Alarcón Rosana , Ocampos Soledad , Pacciaroni Adriana , Sosa Virginia
Published: March 2019

Analysis of the hydrodistilled essential oil of the aerial parts of Chersodoma argentina Cabrera by GC- MS and NMR spectroscopy revealed that over 80% consisted of monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-thujene, α-pinene and β-pinene. Contact and headspace volatile exposure assays of the essential oil demonstrated antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani with the contact assay showing greater activity than the headspace assay. Herbicidal activity was shown by reduced root growth of Allium porrum, Solanum lycopersicon and Sorghum halepense in both assays.
Essential Oil Composition and Acaricidal Activity of Schinus Terebinthifolius from Atlantic Forest of Pernambuco, Brazil against Tetranychus Urticae
Authors: do Nascimento Aline Fonseca , da Camara Claudio Augusto Gomes , de Moraes Marcílio Martins , Ramos Clécio Souza
Published: March 2019

The compositions of the essential oils from unripe (UFr) and ripe (RFr) fruits of Schnus terebinthifolius were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major compound identified in both oils was limonene (UFr = 44.1 ± 1.3%; RFr = 31.8 ± 1.2%), followed by α-phellandrene (15.7 ± 0.4%) in the UFr oil and thujene (21.7 ± 0.9%) in the RFr oil. Repellent and toxicity activities of the two oils were also evaluated, and the results compared with eugenol. The UFr oil was more active in the fumigation tests (LC50 = 1.46 μL/L of air), whereas the RFr oil was more active in the sealed dishes (SD) than open dishes (OD) contact assay (LC50 = 3.04 μL/cm2) and not significantly different from eugenol. Both oils exhibited significant repellent activity comparable with that of eugenol. The results suggest that the repellent activity of these oils in association with its toxicity could be a great advantage for the integrated management of T. urticae.
Spartium Junceum Aromatic Water: Chemical Composition and Antitumor Activity
Authors: Cerchiara Teresa , Straface Serafina V. , Chidichimo Giuseppe , Belsito Emilia L. , Liguori Angelo , Luppi Barbara , Bigucci Federica , Zecchi Vittorio
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyse the chemical composition of Spartium junceum L. (also known as Spanish Broom) aromatic water and to evaluate its cytotoxic activity against a series of human cancer cell lines (melanoma: RPMI 7932; leukemia: K562; breast cancer cell: MCF7-Bart and MCF7-ICLC, colon adenocarcinoma: SW480). The results show that the aromatic water was cytotoxic toward the tumor cell lines analyzed (RPMI 7932, K562, MCF7-Bart, MCF7-ICLC, SW480), while it did not appreciably alter the viability of normal keratinocytes (NCTC 2544) suggesting its potential use as an antitumor agent for cancer treatment and/or prevention.
Antiparasitic and Anticancer Constituents of the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. strain F1544
Authors: Martínez-Luis Sergio , Cherigo Lilia , Arnold Elizabeth , Spadafora Carmenza , Gerwick William H. , Cubilla-Rios Luis
Published: March 2019

With the combined goal of finding the best anti-parasitic and anti-cancer activities as well as isolating the bioactive agents and studying their structures and biological properties, we proceeded to perform a small-scale cultivation of Aspergillus sp. strain F1544 using Potato Dextrose, Malt Extract, Czapek Dox and Eight Vegetables media. From the more promising extracts (obtaining using potato dextrose and czapek dox media in large scale) of this fungus, we isolated the five compounds: pseurotin A (1), 14-norpseurotin A (2), FD-838 (3), and pseurotin D (4), and fumoquinone B (5). All compounds showed good antileishmanial and moderate anticancer activities.
Flowers from Kalanchoe pinnata are a Rich Source of T Cell-Suppressive Flavonoids
Authors: Coutinho Marcela A. S. , Muzitano Michelle F. , Cruz Elaine A. , Bergonzi Maria C. , Kaiser Carlos R. , Tinoco Luzineide W. , Bilia Anna R. , Vincieri Franco F. , Rossi-Bergmann Bartira , Costa Sônia S.
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition and immunosuppressive potential of the flowers from Kalanchoe pinnata (Crassulaceae) were investigated. We found that the aqueous flower extract was more active than the leaf extract in inhibiting murine T cell mitogenesis in vitro. Flavonoids isolated from the flower extract were identified and quantitated based on NMR and HPLC-DAD-MS analysis, respectively. Along with quercetin, four quercetin glycosyl conjugates were obtained, including quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, which are described for the first time in K. pinnata. All flavonoids inhibited murine T cell mitogenesis and IL-2 and IL-4 production without cell toxicity. This is the first report on the pharmacological activity of flowers of a Kalanchoe species, which are not used for curative purposes. Our findings show that K. pinnata flowers are a rich source of T-suppressive flavonoids that may be therapeutically useful against inflammatory diseases.
Novel Flavanes from Livistona halongensis
Authors: Van Loc Tran , Thang Pham Duc , Anh Nguyen The , Ninh Pham Thi , Thuy Trinh Thi , Van Sung Tran
Published: March 2019

A study of the chemical constituents of a methanolic extract of the roots of Livistona halongensis (Arecaceae) led to the isolation of two new flavanes, 2S,3S-3,5,7,3'-tetrahydroxy-5'-methoxyflavane (1) and 3,7,3'-trihydroxy-5'-methoxyflavane 5- O-β-glucopyranoside (2), together with trans-3,5,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxystilbene, saccharose and β-sitosterol-3- O-β-glucopyranoside. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
Chemical Constituents of two Sages with Free Radical Scavenging Activity
Authors: Demirezer Omur L. , Gurbuz Perihan , Kuruuzum-Uz Ayşe , Guvenalp Zuhal , Kazaz Cavit , Donmez Ali A.
Published: March 2019

From the aerial parts of Salvia trichoclada Bentham and S. verticillata L. one new and two known phenolic acids, 3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl propionic acid (1), 3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid (2), and rosmarinic acid (3); two flavonoids, apigenin 4′-methyl ether 7- O-glucuronide (4), and luteolin 7- O-β glucuronide (5); two lupan type triterpene aglycones, lupeol (6), and 30-hydroxylup-20 (29)-en-3-on (7); an oleanane-type triterpene acid, oleanolic acid (8); and an ursan-type triterpene acid, ursolic acid (9) were isolated. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Different extracts of the plants were examined for their free radical scavenging activities by DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Some of the polar extracts showed high free radical scavenging activity.
Between Species Diversity of Hypericum Perforatum and H. maculatum by the Content of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Bagdonaite Edita , Janulis Valdimaras , Ivanauskas Liudas , Labokas Juozas
Published: March 2019

The objective of present study was to establish and compare the contents of secondary metabolites of two Hypericum species, H. perforatum and H. maculatum, native to Lithuania, and to evaluate factors predetermining their variation with some practical implications for utilization and conservation. The HPLC analysis of the ethanolic extracts of the studied species showed some regularity in their composition. Both species contained chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin and hypericin. The presence of rutin and hyperforin was observed only in H. perforatum. The quantitative analysis showed higher content of quercitrin in H. perforatum, than in H. maculatum, whereas the differences in the contents of quercetin, hypericin and chlorogenic acid were not statistically significant between the species. H. maculatum contained a significantly higher content of hyperoside than H. perforatum. The data on phytochemical analysis suggest almost equivalent use of both H. perforatum and H. maculatum extracts in the food industry, cosmetics and pharmaceutics.
Biological Activity and Tissue Specific Accumulation of Fluorescently Labeled Methyl Jasmonate
Authors: Kitaoka Naoki , Sano Yuzou , Fujikawa Seizo , Nabeta Kensuke , Matsuura Hideyuki
Published: March 2019

The C-7 position of jasmonate is practical for synthesis of a probe to use for chemical biological studies. To confirm the utility, we synthesized fluorescent-labeled methyl jasmonate. The synthesized compound exhibited Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibitory and meandering activity, and potent fluorescence was observed inside the root and root hairs.
The Leaf Essential Oils of Five Vietnamese Desmos Species (Annonaceae)
Authors: Dai Do Ngoc , Hoi Tran Minh , Thang Tran Dinh , Ogunwande Isiaka A.
Published: March 2019

The leaf essential oils of five Desmos species from Vietnam have been extracted by steam distillation and subjected to GC and GC-MS analyses. The plant samples were Desmos cochinchinensis Lour., D. penduculosus (A. DC.) Ban, D. penducolosus var. tonkinensis Ban, D. chinensis Lour., and D. dumosus (Roxb.) Saff. The oils were rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (65.9%-88.9%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (6.3%-30.9%). The oxygenated counterparts were less common. The quantitatively significant constituents of the oils were α-pinene (2.4%-12.1%), β-elemene (2.2-39.5%), β-caryophyllene (13.9-26.3%), germacrene D (9.9-15.5%), bicyclogermacrene (2.0-11.4%) and α-humulene (3.8-7.5%). The studied oils could be classified into two chemical forms: oils with abundance of β-caryophyllene, germacrene D and α-pinene ( D. cochinchinensis, D. penducolosus var. tonkinensis, D. chinensis and D. Dumosus) and oil with high amounts of β-elemene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D ( D. penduculosus).
Volatiles from Magnolia grandiflora Flowers: Comparative Analysis by Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction and Solid Phase Microextraction
Authors: Báez Disnelys , Pino Jorge A. , Morales Diego
Published: March 2019

The composition of the volatile compounds isolated by simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and headspace-solid phase microextraction (SPME) from flowers of Magnolia grandiflora growing in Cuba was investigated by GC/FID and GC/MS. Sixty-seven and thirty-four components were obtained by SDE and SPME, respectively. β-Pinene (10.5%), geraniol (7.4%) and germacrene D (6.2%) were the main constituents of the volatile oil isolated by SDE, while (E)-β-ocimene (24.6%), geraniol (18.9%), β-elemene (11.2%) and germacrene D (9.9%) were the most abundant in the headspace of the flowers, respectively.
Essential Oil Composition, Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities of Five Etlingera Species from Borneo
Authors: Vairappan Charles Santhanaraju , Nagappan Thilahgavani , Palaniveloo Kishneth
Published: March 2019

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the rhizomes of Etlingera pyramidosphaera (K. Schum.) R. M. Sm, E. megalocheilos (Griff.) A.D. Poulsen, comb. nov., E. coccnea (Blume) S. Sakai & Nagam, E. elatior (Jack) R. M. Sm, and E. brevilabrum (Valeton) R. M. Sm were analyzed by GCMS. The highest oil yield was obtained from E. pyramidosphaera (0.45%), followed by E. elatior (0.38%), E. coccnea (0.30%), E. brevilabrum (0.28%) and E. megalocheilos (0.25%). The major constituents of the essential oils were oxygenated monoterpenes, followed by sesquiterpenes, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, oxygenated diterpenes and diterpenes. The essential oils from E. pyramidosphaera and E. brevilabrum exhibited the best cytotoxicity against MCF 7 (LC50: 7.5±0.5 mg mL−1) and HL 60 (LC50: 5.0 mg mL−1), respectively. Strong inhibition was also observed for the essential oils of E. coccnea and E. megalocheilos against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 8.0±0.5 mg mL−1 and 5.0±0.5 mg mL−1) and Streptococcus pyrogenes (MIC: 6.0±0.5 mg mL−1 8.0±0.5 mg mL−1).
Essential Oil Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Monticalia greenmaniana (Asteraceae)
Authors: Cárdenas José , Rojas Janne , Rojas-Fermin Luís , Lucena María , Buitrago Alexis
Published: March 2019

The essential oils from fresh aerial parts of Monticalia greenmaniana (Hieron) C. Jeffrey (Asteraceae) collected in March, were analyzed by GC/MS. Oil yields (w/v) of 0.1% (flowers), 0.07%, (stems) and 0.1% (leaves) were obtained by hydrodistillation. Thirteen, sixteen and eighteen components, respectively, were identified by comparison of their mass spectra with those in the Wiley GC-MS Library data base. The major components of the flower and stem oils were 1-nonane (38.8% flowers; 33.5% stems), α-pinene (29.0% flowers; 14.8% stems) and germacrene D (15.6% flowers; 18.6% stems). However, in the leaf oil, germacrene D was observed at 50.7%, followed by β-cedrene at 8.4 %. The leaf essential oil showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against the important human pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 25955) with MIC values ranging from 75 to 6000 ppm.
Bioactivity of the Essential Oil of an Argentine Collection of Acanthospermum hispidum (Asteraceae)
Authors: Alva Mariana , Popich Susana , Borkosky Susana , Cartagena Elena , Bardón Alicia
Published: March 2019

The essential oil of an Argentine collection of the annual herb Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (Asteraceae), which contains the sesquiterpenoids β-caryophyllene (35.2%), α-bisabolol (11.4%), and germacrene D (11.1%) as major constituents, displayed molluscicidal effects on an adult population of Biomphalaria peregrina Orbigny (LD50 37.8 μg/mL) and produced alteration of the feeding and oviposition behavior of the polyphagous insect Spodoptera frugiperda Smith when incorporated in the larval diet at 250 μg/g. In addition, a selective antibacterial activity was observed against pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (MICs 62.5 and 125 μg/mL), but was inactive at 125 μg/mL against three beneficial lactic acid bacteria. Synergistic interactions were further validated by FIC index determination of the combination of the antibiotics oxacillin and gentamicin and the essential oil on the four pathogenic strains evaluated.
Antibacterial Activity and Comparison of the Volatile Constituents Obtained by Several Extraction Methods from the Flowers, Stems and Leaves of Astrodaucus orientalis
Authors: Torabbeigi Marzieh , Azar Parviz Abroomand , Sharifan Anousheh , Meibodi Zahra Aghaei
Published: March 2019

The oils of the flowers, stems and leaves of Astrodaucus orientalis L. were separately extracted using hydrodistillation (HD), head-space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and microwave assisted head-space solid-phase microextraction (MA-HS-SPME). The volatile constituents were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Temperature and time of extraction, microwave power and exposure time of extraction were optimized. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber was used as the solid phase for SPME methods. The main constituents of the flower, stem and leaf oils isolated by HD, HS-SPME and MA-HS-SPME are as follows, respectively: β-pinene (20.5%, 13.9% and 30.4%), α-thujene (8.7%, 16.2% and 10.9%) and α-pinene (7.6%, 14.3% and 10.9%) for the flowers, sabinene (11.8%, 32.3% and 11.8%), α-pinene (8.7%, 28.8% and 6.1%) and p-mycrene (2.5%, 12% and 8.5%) for the stem, and α-pinene (9.4%, 37.1% and 22.5%), sabinene (13.5%, 26.3% and 23.5%), β-pinene (6.3%, 9.8% and 10%) and p-mycrene (3.2%, 2.5% and 15.6%) for the leaf. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for all essential oils obtained by HD against both Gram-positive ( Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli) bacteria using the agar dilution method. These oils showed the good activities against the both bacteria (0.5 – 1.5 mg/mL).
Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oil from Pulicaria undulata from Yemen
Authors: Ali Nasser A. Awadh , Sharopov Farukh S. , Alhaj Mehdi , Hill Gabrielle M. , Porzel Andrea , Arnold Norbert , Setzer William N. , Schmidt Jürgen , Wessjohann Ludger
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Pulicaria undulata Gamal Ed Din (syn P. oriental sensu Schwartz and P. jaubertii Gamal Ed Din) was analyzed by GC-MS. Major compounds of P. undulata oil were the oxygenated monoterpenenes, carvotanacetone (91.4%) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (2.6.%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against six microorganisms, Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans, using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The oil showed the strongest bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, as well as Candida albicans. The essential oil showed moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast tumor cells, with an IC50 of 64.6 ±13.7 μg/mL. Bioautographic assays were used to evaluate the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect as well as antifungal activity of the oil against Cladosporium cucumerinum.
Essential Oil from the Leaves of Annona vepretorum: Chemical Composition and Bioactivity
Authors: Costa Emmanoel Vilaça , Dutra Lívia Macedo , Nogueira Paulo Cesar de Lima , Moraes Valéria Regina de Souza , Salvador Marcos José , Ribeiro Luis Henrique Gonzaga , Gadelha Fernanda Ramos
Published: March 2019

The essential oil from the leaves of Annona vepretorun was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Eighteen compounds representing 98.1% of the crude essential oil were identified. The major compounds identified were bicyclogermacrene (43.7%), spathulenol (11.4%), α-felandrene (10.0%), α-pinene (7.1%), (E)-β-ocimene (6.8%), germacrene D (5.8%), and p-cymene (4.2%). The trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms, as well as, the antimicrobial and antioxidant proprieties was investigated. The essential oil showed a potent trypanocidal activity with IC50 value of 31.9±1.3μg.mL-1. For antimicrobial activity, the best result was observed against Candida tropicalis with a MIC value of 100μg.mL-1. For antioxidant capacity the essential oil showed weak activity.
Phytotherapy of Alcoholism
Authors: Tomczyk Michał , Zovko-Končić Marijana , Chrostek Lech
Published: March 2019

Alcoholism is a medical, social, and economic problem where treatment methods mostly include difficult and long-lasting psychotherapy and, in some cases, quite controversial pharmacological approaches. A number of medicinal plants and pure natural compounds are reported to have preventive and therapeutic effects on alcoholism and alcohol dependency, but their constituents, efficacy and mechanism of action are mostly unknown so far. Recently, kudzu [ Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi], St. John's wort ( Hypericum perforatum L.), danshen ( Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.), ginseng ( Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.), Japanese raisin tree ( Hovenia dulcis Thunb.), ibogaine ( Tabernanthe iboga H. Bn.), evening primrose ( Oenothera biennis L.), prickly pear fruit ( Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.), purple passionflower ( Passiflora incarnata L.), thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.), fenugreek seed ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and many others drew the attention of researchers. Can, therefore, drugs of natural origin be helpful in the treatment of alcoholism or in decreasing alcohol consumption?
A Comparison Investigation on the Solubilization of Betulin and Betulinic Acid in Cyclodextrin Derivatives
Authors: Wang Hai Ming , Şoica Codruta M. , Wenz Gerhard
Published: March 2019

Betulin (BET) and betulinic acid (BA) are naturally occurring pentacyclic lupane triterpenes, exhibit great promise as bioactive agents for the treatment of many diseases. The poor solubilities of BET and BA in water have limited their applications. In the present work, BET and BA were selected as guest molecules, three hydrophilic γ-cyclodextrin (CD) thioethers were synthesized and selected as host molecules. β-, Hydroxypropyl-β-CD, (HP-β-CD), γ-CD and HP-γ-CD were also investigated as hosts in order to compare the solubilization abilities of these host molecules. The solubilities of BET and BA were estimated from 1H NMR measurements by comparing the relative integral areas of the proton signals between CDs and guests. γ-CD thioethers 5–7 solubilized BET and BA to much higher extends than other host molecules. The obtained maximal solubilities of BET and BA were 5.2 and 4.5 mM, respectively. The topographies of the inclusion compounds were determined by ROESY NMR spectroscopy.
Simulation of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Dynamics in Manzamine A as a Sensitive Test for Charge Distribution Quality
Authors: Shulga Dmitry A. , Osolodkin Dmitry I. , Palyulin Vladimir A. , Zefirov Nikolay S.
Published: March 2019

Subtle balance of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bond strength in aqueous solutions often governs the structure and dynamics of molecular species used as potential drugs and in supramolecular applications. In silico molecular dynamics study of water solution of manzamine A has been performed with different atomic charges in order to investigate the influence of charge distribution choice on predicting qualitative and quantitative features of the simulated systems. Various well known charge schemes (MK-ESP, RESP, Mulliken, AM1-BCC, Gasteiger-Hückel, Gasteiger-Marsili, MMFF94, and Dynamic Electronegativity Relaxation - DENR) led to qualitatively different pictures of dynamic behavior of the intramolecular hydrogen bond. The reported calculation framework represents a relatively rare case where differences in charge distributions lead to noticeable differences in simulated properties, thus providing a useful test case for force field and charge distribution development, provided high quality experiments are conducted to use as references.
DNA Binding Studies of Vinca Alkaloids: Experimental and Computational Evidence
Authors: Pandya Prateek , Gupta Surendra P. , Pandav Kumud , Barthwal Ritu , Jayaram B. , Kumar Surat
Published: March 2019

Fluorescence studies on the indole alkaloids vinblastine sulfate, vincristine sulfate, vincamine and catharanthine have demonstrated the DNA binding ability of these molecules. The binding mode of these molecules in the minor groove of DNA is non-specific. A new parameter of the purine-pyrimidine base sequence specificty was observed in order to define the non-specific DNA binding of ligands. Catharanthine had shown ‘same’ pattern of ‘Pu-Py’ specificity while evaluating its DNA binding profile. The proton resonances of a DNA decamer duplex were assigned. The models of the drug:DNA complexes were analyzed for DNA binding features. The effect of temperature on the DNA binding was also evaluated.
Natural Flavonoids Interact with Dinitrobenzene System in Aprotic Media: An Electrochemical Probing
Authors: Arshad Nasima , Janjua Naveed K. , Khan Athar Y. , Yaqub Azra , Burkholz Torsten , Jacob Claus
Published: March 2019

Three structurally related natural flavonoids (FlOH), quercetin (Q), rutin (R) and morin (M), were investigated by cyclic voltammetry to probe their interactions with hazardous 1,4-dinitrobenzene (1,4-DNB) using a glassy carbon electrode. Scavenging of 1,4-DNB by FlOH was inferred from a positive shift in reduction potential, decrease in anodic peak current, and irreversible electrochemical behavior of 1,4-DNB on increasing the flavonoid concentration. The homogeneous bi-molecular rate constant (k2) was determined using the Nicholson-Shain equation and found to be higher for the dianion. Morin posed a comparatively higher k2 value for its interaction with the 1,4-DNB electrochemical system owing to its more acidic nature and least intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The cyclic voltammetric (CV) results were further supported by HyperchemPM3 quantum mechanical semi-empirical calculations, which point towards ErCi interactions between flavonoids and 1,4-DNB. The present investigation is biologically significant in terms of natural flavonoidal scavenging activity toward toxins such as dinitroaromatics.
Live Cell Imaging of a Fluorescent Gentamicin Conjugate
Authors: Escobedo Jorge O. , Chu Yu-Hsuan , Wang Qi , Steyger Peter S. , Strongin Robert M.
Published: March 2019

Understanding cellular mechanisms of ototoxic and nephrotoxic drug uptake, intracellular distribution, and molecular trafficking across cellular barrier systems aids the study of potential uptake blockers that preserve sensory and renal function during critical life-saving therapy. Herein we report the design, synthesis characterization and evaluation of a fluorescent conjugate of the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin. Live cell imaging results show the potential utility of this new material. Related gentamicin conjugates studied to date quench in live kindney cells, and have been largely restricted to use in fixed (delipidated) cells.