bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature Optical Properties of Interstellar and Circumstellar Icy Silicate Grain Analogs in the Mid-infrared Spectral Region
Authors: Potapov Alexey , Mutschke Harald , Seeber Phillip , Henning Thomas , Jäger Cornelia
Published: July 2018

Two different silicate/water ice mixtures representing laboratory analogs of interstellar and circumstellar icy grains were produced in the laboratory. For the first time, optical constants, the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index, of such silicate/water ice mixtures were experimentally determined in the mid-infrared (IR) spectral region at low temperatures. In addition, optical constants of pure water ice and pure silicates were derived in the laboratory. Two sets of constants were compared, namely, “measured” constants calculated from the transmission spectra of silicate/ice samples, and “effective” constants calculated from the optical constants of pure silicates and pure water ice samples using different mixing rules (effective medium approaches). Differences between measured and effective constants show that a mixing (averaging) of the optical constants of water ice and silicates for the determination of the optical properties of silicate/ice mixtures can lead to incorrect results. Also, it is shown that a part of the water ice molecules is trapped in/on silicate grains and does not desorb up to 200 K. Our unique data are well-timed with respect to the new and challenging space mission, James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which will be able to provide novel and detailed information on interstellar and circumstellar grains. Suitable laboratory data are extremely important for the decoding of astronomical spectra.
K2 Ultracool Dwarfs Survey. IV. Monster Flares Observed on the Young Brown Dwarf CFHT-BD-Tau 4
Authors: Paudel Rishi R. , Gizis John E. , Mullan D. J. , Schmidt Sarah J. , Burgasser Adam J. , Williams Peter K. G. , Berger Edo
Published: July 2018

We present photometric measurements of two superflares observed on a very young brown dwarf, CFHT-BD-Tau 4, observed during Campaign 13 of the Kepler K
2 mission. The stronger of the two superflares brightened by a factor of ∼48 relative to the quiescent photospheric level, with an increase in Kepler magnitude

. It has an equivalent duration of ∼107 hr, a flare duration of 1.7 days, and an estimated total bolometric (ultraviolet/optical/infrared) energy up to 2.1 × 1038 erg. The weaker of the two superflares is a complex (multipeaked) flare with an estimated total bolometric (UV/optical/IR) energy up to 4.7 × 1036 erg. They are the strongest flares observed on any brown dwarf so far. The flare energies are strongly dependent on the value of the visual extinction parameter A

V
used for extinction correction. If we apply a solar flare model to interpret the two superflares, we find that the magnetic fields are required to be stronger by as much as an order of magnitude than previous reports of field measurements in CFHT-BD-Tau 4 by Reiners et al. On the other hand, if we interpret our data in terms of accretion, we find that the requisite rate of accretion for the stronger superflare exceeds the rates that have been reported for other young brown dwarfs.
A contribution to Dongodytes (s. str.) Deuve, 1993 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae)
Authors: Yang Pingjing , Huang Sunbin , Tian Mingyi
Published: July 2018

The hypogean genusDongodytesDeuve, 1993, one of the most cave-adapted genera of ground beetles, is distributed in northern Guangxi, ranging from Mashan through Du’an, Bama, and Fengshan to Tian’e. Review of nominate subgenus Dongodytes Deuve, 1993, with new records forD.fowleriDeuve, 1993 andD.grandisUéno, 1998 are provided. Meanwhile,Dongodytestonywhittenisp. n.is described from a limestone cave in Bama County. This interesting species is dedicated to the late Dr. Tony Whitten, a well-known cave biodiversity conservationist in Asia. A key to all species ofDongodytes(s. str.) is also provided.
Evidence-Based Practice Guideline: Elder Abuse Prevention
Authors: Daly Jeanette M. , Butcher Howard K.
Published: July 2018

Elder abuse occurs in all practice settings and presents in various forms. The purpose of the current evidence-based practice guideline is to facilitate health care professionals' assessment of older adults in domestic and institutional settings who are at risk for elder abuse, and to recommend interventions to reduce the incidence of mistreatment. Limited research has been conducted on interventions to prevent or reduce elder abuse. Research is available on the prevalence of elder abuse and indicators of individuals who may be more susceptible to harm. The current article summarizes prevalence and risk factors for elder abuse, instruments available to assess individuals at risk for or victims of abuse, and potential interventions to prevent or reduce elder abuse. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(7), 21–30.]
Return projects in the Spanish Republican exile’s political cultures
Authors: De Hoyos Puente Jorge
Published: July 2018

This paper presents the political projects variety issued from the Spanish Republican exile. Its aim is to analyse the reasons of disagreement that took place throughout forty years of Franco´s opposition. Focusing on the political cultures’ study it can be confirmed a wade range of speeches and political imaginaries that shaped Spanish left-wing groups on the twentieth century Spanish longest exile.
Aislar para convertir: los presos y sus familias en el primer franquismo
Authors: Gómez Bravo Gutmaro
Published: July 2018

Las páginas que siguen, fruto de un proyecto de investigación más amplio, giran en torno al tratamiento que recibieron los presos políticos y sus familias, los vencidos y excluidos del franquismo. Un proceso, una puerta principal al mundo del encierro y del control social de postguerra, cuyo significado e intensidad fue variando a lo largo del tiempo. Por ello, es necesario exponer previamente cómo se formó el sistema penitenciario de la postguerra española, en qué consistió la redención de penas, cómo y con qué objetivos concretos se diseñó, en un marcado contexto de masificación y progresiva degradación como el de las prisiones de los años 40.
Geomorfologia y etapas de karstificación en la rama castellana del sistema ibérico
Authors: González Amuchastegui M.ª José
Published: July 2018

No disponible.
El ferrocarril subterráneo metropolitano («subte») de Buenos Aires
Authors: López Gómez Antonio
Published: July 2018

No disponible.
Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Hilles Ahmed Hisham , Abu Amr Salem S. , Aziz Hamidi Abdul , Bashir Mohammed J. K.
Published: July 2018

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have recently received attraction for treatment of different wastewaters. AOPs have an ability to oxidize a high quantity of refractory organic matters, traceable organic, or to increase wastewater biodegradability as a pre-treatment prior to an ensuing biological treatment. In this chapter, the fundamental mechanisms of different AOPs such as ozonation, hydrogen peroxide, UV, persulfate, and Fenton oxidation are summarized. The combination of different oxidation processes such as O3/H2O2, O3/UV, O3/Fenton+, O3/persulfate are evaluated. Several persulfate activation techniques are also summarized.
Second Order Divide in Internet Usage in Developing Countries
Authors: Purushothaman Aparna , Holmfeld Lone Dirckinck , Kuruvilla Moly
Published: July 2018

Internet literacy is crucial to become information literate and for lifelong learning for today's citizens. However, there is an identified gendered digital divide in Internet usage, as the major proportion of unconnected citizens, especially in the developing economies in asian countries are women. The problems of the gender digital divide are not just limited to connectivity and infrastructural issues, literacy and the cost of access, which are often discussed in the literature. The authors identify some of the second order factors that are often overlooked and arise out of cognitive, psychological and social factors leading to the digital divide. The paper also discusses possible measures that could be taken up to address the second order gender digital divide.
Women's Political Empowerment
Authors: Ryan Roberta , Woods Ronald
Published: July 2018

Political participation by women is central to development and the empowerment of all citizens. This chapter argues for the recognition of opportunities for women in leadership, political participation, and the strengthening of democracy at the level of subnational governments. A key reason for focusing on gender equity in political life is that women constitute slightly more than half of the world's population, and they contribute to the social and economic development of all societies to a greater degree than men because of their dual roles in the productive and reproductive spheres. At the same time, their participation in formal political structures and processes, where they can contribute to decisions on the use of societal resources generated by both men and women, remains far below parity. Drawing examples from a range of national parliaments and countries, this chapter demonstrates lessons for increasing political participation by women in subnational governance.
Thinking Globally, Leading Locally
Authors: Singh Gursimranjit , Singh Priyanka , Singh Maninder
Published: July 2018

Global leadership effectiveness has become one of the major issues in human resource management. It is very important for cross-cultural managers to take into consideration the paradigm shift in the business world, keeping in mind the opportunity for organizational growth and individual development. The key issue that the present corporate leaders have to face is to formulate action plans to tackle diversity in the workforce covering the broader spectrum of dimensions, vis-à-vis, ethnicity, age, gender, educational background, economic status, marital status, and skill sets. Since the corporate environment is greatly accelerated by the globalization and advancements in technology, global leaders need to attain a set of competencies that would facilitate them to realize their vision and thus enhance their performance efficiency and competitiveness. The chapter deals with the specific paradigms of the leadership styles and the management of workforce diversity so as to establish the linkages between leadership style and diversity management.
Medical Students' Perceived Stigma in Seeking Care
Authors: Joseph Virginia , Miller Jozelle M
Published: July 2018

This chapter discusses the stigma and the barriers, which hinder medical students from seeking help for both physical and mental health conditions. Stigma will also be explored from a cultural perspective; the authors will demonstrate how it is embedded in help seeking behaviour. The authors will explore the existing literature to highlight these issues, and demonstrate how negative help seeking behaviour contributes to the poor academic performance of the students, as well produces chronic mental and physical health conditions. Solutions and interventions to address this perceived stigma will also be discussed. The authors will emphasise the importance of educators and staff of medical schools taking a more proactive role, in providing the necessary environment to facilitate such change in behaviour, by implementing some of these interventions.
Digital File Formats for Digital Preservation
Authors: Yuvaraj Mayank
Published: July 2018

During the course of planning an institutional repository, digital library collections or digital preservation service it is inevitable to draft file format policies in order to ensure long term digital preservation, its accessibility and compatibility. Sincere efforts have been made to encourage the adoption of standard formats yet the digital preservation policies vary from library to library. The present paper is based against this background to present the digital preservation community with a common understanding of the common file formats used in the digital libraries or institutional repositories. The paper discusses both open and proprietary file formats for several media.
Digital Humanities in Cultural Preservation
Authors: Khan Nadim Akhtar , Rizvi Sabiha Zehra , Zainab Tazeem , Khan Samah Mushtaq
Published: July 2018

Libraries and cultural institutions have been proactive in adopting different policies for preservation of culture. This is evident by the growing number of cultural repositories and digital libraries set for managing and making accessible different forms of cultural assets ranging from folklore, custom documentaries, craft designs and patterns, architectural setups etc. These procedures not only help them to preserve valuable indigenous knowledge but explore the richness in the cultural values of different nations. The proliferation of Information communication technology (ICT) has resulted in the merging of different forms of digitalized information which combine print, voice, video, and graphics for educational and recreational purposes. The application of Digital Humanities in preservation, management and accessibility of cultural resources ranging from curating online collections to data mining large cultural data sets cannot be neglected. The chapter discusses the concept of Digital Humanities in the light of its rich background and importance in present times for preserving human culture by acquiring, managing and making available cultural assets for further research. The chapter also attempts to explore and identify the recent contributions to the concept by analyzing ongoing Digital Humanities initiatives and projects by different organizations and information centers to stimulate future Research and development trend in the field.
A Slotted Multichannel MAC Protocol for Fair Resource Allocation in VANET
Authors: Prakash Pant Varun , Tripathi Saumya , Pal Raghavendra , Prakash Arun
Published: July 2018

This article proposes a slotted multichannel medium access control (SMMAC) protocol for VANETs to reduce CCH congestion, decrease RSU dependency, increase safety and data packet's reliability and improve fairness among vehicles. The main entity is the cluster head that not only notifies all the vehicles under the same cluster about the present state of service channel and future data transmissions but also imposes a condition on the maximum number of vehicles allowed inside a cluster. Controlled vehicle density reduces CCH collisions and as a result, it makes the protocol better in terms of packet delivery. To eliminate the inter-cluster hidden terminal problem, in the proposed algorithm, each cluster uses a service channel different from its neighboring cluster. Analyzing the system for both dense and sparse scenario it can be seen through simulation results that the proposed protocol performs much better in comparison to IEEE 802.11p with respect to Throughput, PDR and Delay.
The real evidence for polymyalgia rheumatic as a paraneoplastic syndrome
Authors: Bellan M. , Sainaghi P.P. , Pirisi M.
Published: July 2018

Not available
RETRACTION: Pain in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Cimmino M.A.
Published: July 2018

To our readers: With deep regrets, we inform that the article Pain in systemic sclerosis (DOI: https:// doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2014.764), which has been published in Reumatismo (2014; 66(1): 44-47), contains verbatim text plagiarized from another paper. The manuscript must be considered as retracted.On behalf of the Editorial Board of Reumatismo, I apologize to the Author of the manuscript whose text was plagiarized by Stisi et al. that this was not picked up in the peer review process. I also apologize to the affected journal for the violation of copyright due to plagiarism. Reumatismo is uncompromising in its commitment to scientific integrity. When credible evidence of misconduct is brought to our attention, our commitment to the scientific record and to our readership requires immediate notification. Reumatismo is increasingly employing sophisticated software to detect plagiarism. Other journals use similar tools. Authors should be aware that most journals routinely employ plagiarism detection software, and that any plagiarism is likely to be detected.Marco A. CimminoEditor-in-ChiefReumatismo
Completely symmetric resistance forms on the stretched Sierpiński gasket
Authors: Alonso Ruiz Patricia , Freiberg Uta R. , Kigami Jun
Published: July 2018

The stretched Sierpiński gasket, SSGfor short, is the space obtained by replacing every branching point of the Sierpiński gasket by an interval. It has also been called the “deformed Sierpiński gasket” or “Hanoi attractor”. As a result, it is the closure of a countable union of intervals and one might expect that a diffusion on SSG is essentially a kind of gluing of the Brownian motions on the intervals. In fact, there have been several works in this direction. There still remains, however, “reminiscence” of the Sierpiński gasket in the geometric structure of SSG and the same should therefore be expected for diffusions. This paper shows that this is the case. In this work, we identify all the completely symmetric resistance forms on SSG. A completely symmetric resistance form is a resistance form whose restriction to every contractive copy of SSG in itself is invariant under all geometrical symmetries of the copy, which constitute the symmetry group of the triangle. We prove that completely symmetric resistance forms on SSG can be sums of the Dirichlet integrals on the intervals with some particular weights, or a linear combination of a resistance form of the former kind and the standard resistance form on the Sierpiński gasket.
Uso del indicador agroclimático PSMD para la representación y evaluación del impacto del cambio climático en las necesidades de agua de riego en España
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz J.A. , Knox J.W. , Weatherhead E.K.
Published: July 2018

Con 3.3 Mha, España es el país europeo con mayor superficie de regadío, el cual es con diferencia el mayor consumidor de agua en el país. En los últimos años la superficie del mismo ha experimentado un considerable aumento, lo que ha ocasionado que la competencia por el agua sea la mayor que nunca ha existido.
No obstante, a medio plazo, el regadío en España se enfrenta al reto del cambio climático, el cual previsiblemente incrementará, aún más si cabe, las necesidades de agua de riego de los cultivos. E.n este trabajo se presenta una metodología de evaluación de los impactos del mismo en términos agroclimáticos mediante el uso del Indicador "Potentlal Soil Moisture Deficit'' (PSMD). El Indicador PSMD es un balance acumulado de agua en el suelo que relaciona las dos variables que determinan las necesidades de agua de riego: precipitación y evapotransplración.
En este trabajo el indicador PSMD se ha calculado para toda la superficie de España, Importando los resultados dentro de un SIG. De esta forma se han obtenido mapas de Impacto del cambio climático en términos agrocllmátlcos para todo el país.
El análisis de los mismos muestra incrementos de PSMD de más del 20 % para el horizonte temporal 2050 y aproximadamente del 50 o/o para 2080.
The Hybrid Block as Urban Form
Authors: Igualada Javier Pérez
Published: July 2018

The Hybrid Block as Urban Form Javier Pérez Igualada Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universitat Politécnica de València. Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia. E-mail: jperezi@urb.pv.es Keywords: Hybrid Block, Urban Form, Mixed Use Buildings, Open Planning Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space     In this paper we analyze the hybrid block as an urban form of synthesis, in which the open order of modern urbanism is superimposed on the closed order of traditional urbanism. In this model, proposed for the first time by Hilberseimer in his 1927 Vertical City, housing and work are not separated but overlapping on mixed-use buildings, where the dwellings are located in slabs or towers shaped as isolated volumes, whose design responds to its own internal logic, based on functional criteria (rational distribution of rooms, orientation, ventilation, sunshine, views...). Those volumes emerge from a compact built-up podium for commercial or office uses, aligned with the perimeter streets and responding to the external logic of the urban fabric. This configures an urban form in which both hybridization of architectural forms and hybridization of uses are obtained, recovering the multifunctional character of the traditional urban block, which had disappeared in functionalist urbanism. The paper examines the reasons that can explain the exclusion of this urban form from the repertoire of elements of modern urbanism, and analyzes the validity of the hybrid block, as an strategy to recompose or reinterpret the urban block, assuming high density and collective housing as a basic typology for the construction of the city.   References Martí Arís, C. (1991): Las formas de residencia en la ciudad moderna (UPC, Barcelona). Pérez Igualada, J. (2005): Manzanas, bloques y casas. Formas construidas y formas del suelo en la ciudad contemporánea (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia). Pérez Igualada, J. (2008): ‘Si cambia la vivienda, cambia la ciudad. La vivienda pequeña y sus formas de agrupación en la Valencia de posguerra’, en AA.VV., Renta limitada. Los grupos de viviendas baratas construidos en la Valencia de posguerra (1939-1964) (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia) 40-48. Pérez Igualada, Javier (2014): ‘Ecos del norte: la manzana híbrida en el Proyecto para la Avenida de Valencia al Mar de Fernando Moreno Barberá (1959-60)’, ACE: Architecture, City and Environment = Arquitectura, Ciudad y Entorno, 9, 29-52.
Resilient Urban Morphology to the flood risk in the final stretch of the Girona River (Alicante province).
Authors: Palencia Jiménez Jose Sergio , Gielen Eric , Pérez Alonso Yaiza
Published: July 2018

The Litoral-Cota 100 zone represents approximately 25% of the total area of the Region of Valencia and concentrates more than 70% of the urban area. One of the consequences of this situation has been the high urban developments produced in the last 50 years. The Comunitat Valenciana has a river flood hazard mapping, according to which, in the Litoral area, more than 80% of the flood hazard is concentrated. As a result of the experienced urban development and the extent of flooding, there is a significant number of people and property exposed to flood hazards. In order to analyze in detail the urban morphology on the coast and its interaction with floods, research has focused on the specific area of the final section of the Girona River, in the province of Alicante. Specifically, in the municipalities of Els Poblets, El Verger, Denia and Beniarbeig, located in the surroundings of the Girona River, very different urban morphologies have been generated that are not adapted to the existing flood hazard. The analysis carried out allows us to conclude that, despite the significant expansion of urban land, existing urban morphology offers ample possibilities to reduce the risk of flooding. It is proposed the integration of overflows in the built city, avoiding the consolidation of non-built land and designing particular measures on affected buildings. These measures of adaptation to the problem will generate a resilient urban morphology.
Urban sprawl and citizen participation. A case study in the municipality of La Pobla de Vallbona (Valencia)
Authors: Gielen Eric , Pérez Alonso Yaiza , Palencia Jiménez José Sergio , Sosa Espinosa Asenet
Published: July 2018

The accelerated urban growth of the last decades in Europe has caused, especially in the Spanish Mediterranean coast, a paradigm shift in much cities, moving from a mostly compact urban form to a more diffuse one. The concept of city has changed so much that even in a lot of dispersed municipalities, it becomes difficult to define its limits. This change implies not only ecological and economic impacts, but also, social effects. Urban sprawl makes difficult social interaction and reduces the community feeling, and therefore, social cohesion and identity. This produces also changes in the relations of citizens between them and with the city council. The research propounds a discussion about the challenges that the urban sprawl causes for the application of participative models in the decision making, understanding them as basic criterion of good government. We analyze a case study to extract the complexity of articulating processes of citizen participation in territory with high dispersion based on a project carried out in the municipality of La Pobla de Vallbona (Valencia) on participatory budgets. It analyzes the results of the process carried out in relation to the urban model, the morphology of their urban pieces and spatial structure, and the demographic and social characteristics of the municipality. The question is identifying the problematic for the articulation of participative processes in territories with this idiosyncrasy. Finally, the article suggests a series of strategic lines as starting points to achieve participatory processes in the city characterized by urban sprawl.
Coal fly ash: Linking immersion freezing behavior and physico-chemical particle properties
Authors: Grawe Sarah , Augustin-Bauditz Stefanie , Clemen Hans-Christian , Ebert Martin , Eriksen Hammer Stine , Lubitz Jasmin , Reicher Naama , Rudich Yinon , Schneider Johannes , Staacke Robert , Stratmann Frank , Welti André , Wex Heike
Published: July 2018

Abstract. To date, only a few studies have investigated the potential of coal ﬂy ash particles to trigger heterogeneous ice nucleation in cloud droplets. The presented measurements aim at expanding the sparse dataset and improving process understanding of how physico-chemical particle properties inﬂuence the freezing behavior of coal ﬂy ash particles immersed in water. Firstly, immersion freezing measurements were performed with two single particle techniques, i.e., the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator and the Spectrometer for Ice Nuclei. The effect of suspension time on the efﬁciency of the coal ﬂy ash particles when immersed in a cloud droplet is analyzed based on the different residence times of the two instruments and employing both dry and wet particle generation. Secondly, two cold stage setups, one using microliter sized droplets (Leipzig Ice Nucleation Array) and one using nanoliter sized droplets (Weizman Supercooled Droplets Observation on Microarray setup) were applied. We found that coal ﬂy ash particles are comparable to mineral dust in their immersion freezing behavior when being dry-generated. However, a signiﬁcant decrease in immersion freezing efﬁciency was observed during experiments with wet-generated particles in LACIS and SPIN. The efﬁciency of wet-generated particles is in agreement with the cold stage measurements. In order to understand the reason behind the deactivation, a series of chemical composition, morphology, and crystallography analyses (single particle mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, X-ray diffraction analysis) was performed with dry- and wet-generated particles. From these investigations, we conclude that anhydrous CaSO4 and CaO, which, if investigated in pure form, show the same qualitative immersion freezing behavior as observed for dry-generated coal ﬂy ash particles, contribute to triggering heterogeneous ice nucleation at the particle-water interface. The observed deactivation in contact with water is related to changes of the particle surface propertieswhich are potentially caused by hydration of CaSO4 and CaO. The contribution of coal ﬂy ash to the ambient population of ice nucleating particles therefore depends on whether and for how long particles are immersed in cloud droplets.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Male with Silicosis
Authors: Skowroński Marcin , Halicka Anna , Barinow-Wojewódzki Aleksander
Published: July 2018

Silicosis, a preventable occupational lung disease, is associated with various diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). There is an increased lifelong risk for lung tuberculosis even if exposure to silica dust ceases. That association contributes in a large extent to very high rates of tuberculosis in countries with poor TB and silica exposure control. We report a case of a male with a prior diagnosis of silicosis who was diagnosed with and treated for TB. Anti-tuberculous treatment was extended due to a positive sputum smear in the six th month of treatment. However, the culture of the sputum was negative. This Case Report highlights the value of thorough screening for tuberculosis in silicotic patients. The clinical management of these patients may be challenging due to frequent overlapping radiological features and uncertain results of TB treatment.
Delictual Liability for Damage Caused by Fully Autonomous Vehicles: The Estonian Perspective
Authors: Liivak Taivo , Lahe Janno
Published: July 2018

Self-driving vehicles have become a reality. For instance, in the summer of 2017, self-driving buses carried passengers on a designated route in Estonia's capital Tallinn. Regrettably, traffic accidents involving self-driving vehicles have also become a reality. This article focuses on fully autonomous vehicles. The safe and responsible use of fully autonomous vehicles calls for appropriate rules and an appropriate allocation of liability. Above all, fully autonomous vehicles pose a challenge to the law of delict. The article seeks to establish, based on the example of Estonian law, whether the application of delictual liability is affected by the autonomy of a vehicle and, if so, whether related differences are significant, and whether the law of delict needs to be modified in the light thereof. The issues are discussed primarily in the context of Estonian law, but parallels with German law are drawn as well. The conclusions drawn are more or less universal and can be taken into account also in other jurisdictions besides Estonia. The article analyses liability for damage caused by fully autonomous vehicles under general delictual liability, strict liability and product liability.
Aspectos florístico e estrutural de um fragmento de floresta com araucária utilizado para o pastoreio de bovinos
Authors: Watzlawick Luciano Farinha , Rondon Neto Rubens Marques , Caldeira Marcos Vinícius Winckler , Schoeninger Emerson Roberto
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper was to know, analyze and describe the floristic composition of the shrub and tree component and the structure of a Montane Mixed Ombrophylous Forest Fragment, used for bovines pasturage, in the municipal district of Criúva - RS. It was inventoried 533 individuous in seven 10 x 100 m plots with DBH³ 10 em, distributed in 38 species from 33 gender and 20 families. The families wich presented the widest number of individuous were: Myrtaceae (33,0 %), Euphorbiaceae (19,7 %) e Araucariaceae (17,4 %). The total density found was 761,4 individuous/ha, and the medium DBH is 22,9 em and the higest 9,7 m. The part of the forest investigated is characterized by the lack of understorey, probably caused by intense presence of cattle, damaging especially plants of minor height and diameter. This fact might explain the lack of individuais to occupy the gaps caused by the removal of dominant trees out of the forest.
Contribuições das geociências à prática de educação ambiental em escola da área rural em Alegrete, RS
Authors: Moraes Jaqueline Flain , Medeiros Edgardo Ramos
Published: July 2018

The present work describes the physical aspects (geology, geomorphology and other) and of the erosive processes, based on direct observation in the field and in the topographical maps of the area localized in the west of Rio Grande do Sul state, more specifically of the municipal districtis of São Francisco of Assis, Manoel Viana and Alegrete.In consequence of erosion problms, ciliary deforestation and sediments accumulation of drainages, a climate map was elaborated, that associated to the characteristics lithological and of vegetation and other, it allowed to determine adult's areas or smaller fragility to the erosive processes.These data together with the one of relief, drainage vegetation, as well as of use and occupation of the soil, they were plotted in an area maquette. Parallel to the physical observation of the area, they were applied questionnaires to the school community, to collect information to projects of environmental education and, to the local residents in order to diagnose the profile economical partner and main problems, as well as planting techniques, conservation of thesoil, production and use of chemical products, among others.As final stage and principal aim of the work, lectures were supplied at the schools (one of each municipal district). The principal kinds of environmental degradation and possible solutions were approached, giving emphasis to the local problem.
Logarithmically Convex Reinhardt Domains
Authors: Bourchtein Ludmila , Bourchtein Andrei
Published: July 2018

The domains of certain types, such as Reinhardt ones, are important in different problems of theory of functions of several complex variables. For instance, any power series of several complex variables converges in the complete logarithmically convex Reinhardt domain. In this article we prove the logarithmic convexity of complete convex Reinhardt domain.
Análise e previsão da série recebimento e produção de leite da usina escola de laticínios da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - RS
Authors: Lírio Gilvete Wolf , Pierret Danton , Pierret Vanusa Beatriz Hackenhaar , Souza Adriano Mendonça , Silva Wesley Vieira da
Published: July 2018

The world globalization bring to the market and to thebusiness class a great phase of adaptation and search for newtechnologies to guaranty the quality of its products. The statistics isa useful tool to help to maintain the quality in a process or service.This way is possible to reduce costs and maintain the clients satisfied.The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the milk received and the milk processed in the Usina de Laticínios de Santa Maria to forecast the next value. The data were daily collected since may/2002 till jul/2002 in a total of 83 observations, and were analyzed using the dynamic regression analysis. The results obtained was possible to forecast and better plan the production of milk received to be processed. That way the manager can accept or reject a new orders and can make a new strategies to avoid difficulties in a short term.
Project-based Learning and Library Access towards Writing Achievement of the Students
Authors: Endah Kusmartini Sri
Published: July 2018

Writing skill is one of the language skills that should be mastered by the students of English department. It is believed that Project-based learning in writing class encourages the students to work autonomously and responsibly in producing the manuscripts. It is also believed that library access has a central role in the success of gaining the goal. Therefore, the paper aims at exploring the influence of Project-based Learning and Library Access towards Writing Achievement of the Students. The objectives of this current research were to investigate the correlation between Project-based Learning and Writing Achievement of the Students; the correlation between Library Access and Writing Achievement of the Students; the correlation between Project-based Learning and Library Access; and the inffluence of Project-based Learning and Library Access towards Writing Achievement of the Students. The instruments used in this research were the measure of Project-based Learning and the measure of Library Access. The scores of writing used to illustrate the writing achievement of the students were taken from the archive of English Department Sriwijaya State Polytechnic. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regressions were used to examine the hypotheses. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between Project-based Learning and Writing Achievement of the Students; there was a significant correlation between Library Access and writing achievement of the students; there was a significant correlation between Project-based Learning and Library Access; Project-based Learning and Library Access influenced writing achievement of the students significantly. Therefore, it is suggested to continue Project-based Learning in writing class and provide better library access to the students so that the writing achievement can be developed.
High expression of SLC26A6 in the kidney may contribute to renal calcification via an SLC26A6-dependent mechanism
Authors: Jiang Hongyang , Pokhrel Gaurab , Chen Yinwei , Wang Tao , Yin Chunping , Liu Jihong , Wang Shaogang , Liu Zhuo
Published: July 2018

Background

Solute-linked carrier 26 gene family 6 (SLC26A6), which is mainly expressed in intestines and kidneys, is a multifunctional anion transporter crucial in the transport of oxalate anions. This study aimed to investigate the role of kidney SLC26A6 in urolithiasis.

Methods

Patients were divided into two groups: stone formers and nonstone formers. Samples were collected from patients following nephrectomy. Lentivirus with Slc26a6 (lentivirus-Slc26a6) sequence and lentivirus with siRNA-Slc26a6 (lentivirus-siRNA-Slc26a6) sequence were transfected into rats’ kidneys respectively and Slc26a6 expression was detected using Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. After administering ethylene glycol, oxalate concentration and prevalence of stone formation between the transgenic and control groups were measured using 24-h urine analysis and Von Kossa staining, respectively.

Results

Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses indicated that stone formers had a significantly higher level of expression of SLC26A6 in the kidney compared with the control group. After lentivirus infection, the urinary oxalate concentration and rate of stone formation in lentivirus-Slc26a6-tranfected rats increased remarkably, while lentivirus-siRNA-Slc26a6-transfected rats showed few crystals.

Conclusion

The results showed that high expression levels of renal SLC26A6 may account for kidney stone formation. Downregulating the expression of SLC26A6 in the kidney may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent or treat urolithiasis.
ARGUMENTAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: ESTADO DO CONHECIMENTO DAS PRODUÇÕES STRICTO SENSU BRASILEIRAS NOS ÚLTIMOS DEZ ANOS
Authors: Do Rosário Lima Valderez Marina , Duarte Brandolt Borges Thelma , Güntzel Ramos Maurivan
Published: July 2018

A argumentação é temática emergente na área educacional e, especificamente no Ensino de Ciências, vem atraindo atenção de pesquisadores em nível nacional e internacional. Nesse contexto, o estudo relatado neste artigo objetivou mapear a produção científica brasileira, nos últimos 10 anos, a respeito da argumentação no Ensino de Ciências. Para isso, a metodologia utilizada apropriou-se de princípios do estado do conhecimento e, por meio de um recorte temático e temporal, explorou a Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações como fonte de busca. A partir do corpus de análise emerso, almejou-se reconhecer de que forma a manifestação de argumentos e o desenvolvimento da argumentação em aulas de Ciências e Biologia da Educação Básica vem sendo analisados. Os resultados encontrados nas dissertações inventariadas apontaram para um predomínio da utilização do modelo argumentativo de Toulmin (2001), com algumas adaptações. Sendo assim, notou-se um enfoque prioritário na perspectiva lógica de análise de argumentos (WENZEL, 1990). Ademais, constatou-se, nesse cenário, a ausência de teses que congreguem o tema na disciplina de Biologia, indicando a necessidade de aprofundamento das investigações a respeito em nível de doutorado.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens: Union Is Strength, Gathering Illuminates Healthcare
Authors: Qi Ji , Chen Chao , Ding Dan , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2018

The rapid development of healthcare techniques encourages the emergence of new molecular imaging agents and modalities. Fluorescence imaging that enables precise monitoring and detection of biological processes/diseases is extensively investigated as this imaging technique has strengths in terms of high sensitivity, excellent temporal resolution, low cost, and good safety. Aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have recently emerged as a new class of emitters that possess several notable features, such as high brightness, large Stokes shift, marked photostability, good biocompatibility, and so on. So far, AIEgens are widely explored and exhibit superb performance in the area of biomedicine and life sciences. Herein, this review summarizes and discusses the recent investigations of AIEgens for in vivo diagnosis and therapy including long‐term tracking, 3D angiography, multimodality imaging, disease theranostics, and activatable sensing. Collectively, these results reveal that AIEgens are of great promise for in vivo biomedical applications. It is hoped that this review will lead to new insights into the development of advanced healthcare materials.
Amino‐Functionalized Multilayer Core–Shell Mesoporous Organosilica Nanospheres for Cr(VI) Removal
Authors: Lai Xin , Sun Dan , Hou Yi , Zuo Yi , Li Yubao , Zhang Li
Published: July 2018

Developing low‐cost and highly efficient adsorbents for the removal of toxic heavy metal ions is the subject of intensive research with the increasingly stringent water pollution control standards. In this paper, three types of amino‐functionalized multilayer core–shell mesoporous organosilica nanospheres (MCMONs) are synthesized using an indirect cocondensation method for Cr(VI) removal applications. Results show that amino groups are successfully immobilized on the nanospheres and these amino‐functionalized MCMONs exhibit unique organic–inorganic multilayer core–shell structures. When used as adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal, the N‐(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine functionalized MCMONs exhibit a maximum adsorption capacity of 279.92 mg g−1at initial Cr(VI) concentration of 150 mg L−1. This is about 20% greater than the highest Cr(VI) adsorption capacity previously reported for other core–shell silica‐based adsorbents, demonstrating the great potential of MCMONs in Cr(VI) removal applications.
Ultrasound‐Triggered Delivery of Anticancer Therapeutics from MRI‐Visible Multilayer Microcapsules
Authors: Alford Aaron , Rich Megan , Kozlovskaya Veronika , Chen Jun , Sherwood Jennifer , Bolding Mark , Warram Jason , Bao Yuping , Kharlampieva Eugenia
Published: July 2018

Although imaging‐guided drug delivery represents a noninvasive alternative to both surgical resection and systemic methods, it has seen limited clinical use due to the potential toxicity and fast clearance of currently available imaging agents. Herein, we introduce theranostic biocompatible microcapsules as efficient contrast‐enhanced imaging agents that combine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ultrasound‐triggered drug release for real‐time tracking and targeted delivery in vivo. The 3‐μm diameter capsules are assembled via layer‐by‐layer deposition of the natural polyphenol tannic acid and poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) with 4 nm iron oxide nanoparticles incorporated in the capsule wall. The nanoparticle‐modified capsules exhibit excellent T1 and T2 MRI contrast in a clinical 3T MRI scanner. Loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin, these capsules circulate in the blood stream for at least 48 h, which is a remarkable improvement compared to nonencapsulated nanoparticles. The application of focused ultrasound results in targeted drug release with a 16‐fold increase in doxorubicin localization in tumors compared to off‐target organs in a mouse model of breast cancer. Owing to the active contrast, long circulation, customizable size, shape, composition, and precise delivery of high payload concentrations, these materials present a powerful and safe platform for imaging‐guided precision drug delivery.
MnS Incorporation into Higher Manganese Silicide Yields a Green Thermoelectric Composite with High Performance/Price Ratio
Authors: Li Zhiliang , Dong Jin‐Feng , Sun Fu‐Hua , Asfandiyar  , Pan Yu , Wang Shu‐Fang , Wang Qing , Zhang Dan , Zhao Lei , Li Jing‐Feng
Published: July 2018

Thermoelectric materials that can directly convert heat to electrical energy offer a viable solution for reducing the usage of fossil energy by harvesting waste heat resources. Higher manganese silicide (HMS) is a naturally abundant, eco‐friendly, and low‐cost p‐type thermoelectric semiconductor with high power factor (PF); however, its figure of merit (ZT) is limited by intrinsically high thermal conductivity (κ). For effectively enhancing the thermoelectric performance of HMS and avoiding the use of expensive or toxic elements, such as Re, Te, or Pb, a green p‐type MnS with high Seebeck coefficient (S) and low κ is incorporated into the HMS matrix to form MnS/HMS composites. The incorporation of MnS leads to a 31% reduction of κ and a 10% increase of S. The ZT value increases by ≈48% from 0.40 to 0.59 at 823 K. Correspondingly, performance/price ratio is first proposed to evaluate the practical value of thermoelectric materials, which is higher than those of the vast majority of current thermoelectric materials. This study provides an overview of enhancing ZT of HMS and reducing costs, which may also be applicable to other thermoelectric materials.
Selective α‐Monomethylation by an Amine‐Borane/N,N‐Dimethylformamide System as the Methyl Source
Authors: Xia Hui‐Min , Zhang Feng‐Lian , Ye Tian , Wang Yi‐Feng
Published: July 2018

A new and practical α‐monomethylation strategy using an amine‐borane/N,N‐dimethylformamide (R3N‐BH3/DMF) system as the methyl source was developed. This protocol has been found to be effective in the α‐monomethylation of arylacetonitriles and arylacetamides. Mechanistic studies revealed that the formyl group of DMF delivered the carbon and one hydrogen atoms of the methyl group, and R3N‐BH3 donated the remaining two hydrogen atoms. Such a unique reaction pathway enabled controllable assemblies of CDH2‐, CD2H‐, and CD3‐ units using Me2NH‐BH3/d7‐DMF, Me3N‐BD3/DMF and Me3N‐BD3/d7‐DMF systems, respectively. Further application of this method to the facile synthesis of anti‐inflammatory flurbiprofen and its varied deuterium‐labeled derivatives was demonstrated.
Copper‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Silylation of Benzofurans with Disilane
Authors: Saito Hayate , Nogi Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: July 2018

The catalytic ring‐opening silylation of benzofurans has been achieved by employing a copper catalyst and 1,2‐di‐tert‐butoxy‐1,1,2,2‐tetramethyldisilane, which could be easily prepared and handled without special care. The reaction afforded (E)‐o‐(β‐silylvinyl)phenols with complete stereoselectivity. The scope of benzofurans was well explored, and functional groups such as chloro, fluoro, and acetal were compatible with the reaction conditions. DFT calculations were used to determine the energy profile of the silylation and the origin of the stereoselectivity. The silylated product was proven to be useful as a synthetic intermediate and subsequently underwent transformations such as Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling with iodoarenes.
Sulfur‐Center‐Involved Photocatalyzed Reactions
Authors: Wang Yuhong , Li Yiming , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: July 2018

Sulfur‐containing compounds (SCCs) exist widely in, for example, natural sources, pharmaceuticals, materials, and foods. Their multifarious functions have stimulated scientists to construct them in greener and more efficient ways and further exploit their properties. Different photosensitizers with sulfur atoms have been developed and exploited. Furthermore, SCCs display excellent ability in hydrogen‐atom‐transfer reactions. In addition to acting as catalysts, SCCs can also be efficiently transformed under visible‐light‐promoted conditions. Bond dissociation and oxygenation reactions that involve sulfur centers are emphasized here.