bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐5.1: The Efficient Depth Offset Mapping Encoding Algorithm for Glasses‐free Three‐dimensional Display
Authors: Wang Peiren , Li Zhengyang , Wang Xiaozheng , Wang Wei , Qin Liu
Published: June 2024

In the realm of rendering algorithms predicated upon depth information, the escalating image resolution poses formidable challenges, culminating in protracted rendering cycles requisite for the synthesis of stereoscopic display images. This impediment renders the attainment of real‐time rendering a formidable undertaking. Therefore, an efficient 3D image encoding algorithm based on depth offset mapping is proposed. Using a two‐dimensional color image as a reference, the algorithm utilizes its corresponding depth map to obtain depth information for calculating the offset of each sub‐pixel. By directly applying the geometric relationship between the display and viewing positions and the principle of reversible light paths, three‐dimensional image synthesis rendering is performed. This allows each eye of the viewer to see a parallax image composed of sub‐pixels with different offset values, creating a sense of depth perception. In addition to ensuring display efficacy, the proposed methodology eschews conventional paradigms involving the generation of copious virtual viewpoints, thereby mitigating the memory demands imposed upon hardware systems and fostering the expeditious integration and rendering of three‐dimensional images within a systemic framework.
P‐5.14: Application of Smart GOA Model to Panel with Lower Power
Authors: Peng Zhou , Wang Shijun , Chen Gongda , Chen Xi
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a Smart GOA model and analyzes the disadvantageous factors associated with panel usage. The feedback mechanism of adjusting the high voltage signal VGH of the GOA circuit by detecting rising time Tr of the output signal of the circuit is emphasized, which is beneficial to the threshold voltage drift caused by voltage bias and the semiconductor material mobility changes affected by ambient temperature during normal operation. Smart GOA is conducive to reducing the power consumption of the panel and prolonging panel lifespan.
P‐6.4: The Influence of OLED ELVDD 2.8V on Electricity & Optics
Authors: Yang Qing , Zhai Xuezhi , Yang Xiaoying
Published: June 2024

ELVDD provides the anode voltage of OLED. In the OLED pixel circuit, the source electrode of driving TFT is connected to ELVDD, and the drain electrode is connected to the anode of OLED. Most OLED panels of existing mobile phones set the ELVDD voltage to 4.6V.However, some OLED panels of new mobile phones set the ELVDD to 2.8V for energy‐saving purposes. As an important measure to reduce the logic power consumption of OLED display panel, ELVDD 2.8V setting is more and more common in mobile OLED panel design. Based on an OLED mobile phone panel, the comparison test of ELVDD setting 4.6V and 2.8V is carried out.
P‐6.5: IGZO‐Based TFT Design for Imaging Sensor in X‐Ray Detector
Authors: Dong Zhe , Zheng Chen , Feng Qibin , Wang Zi , Lv Guoqiang
Published: June 2024

X‐ray digital imaging equipment is widely used in medical, nondestructive testing, security and other fields. X‐ ray imaging device consists of x‐ray generator, flat panel detector, image processing system and display. The imaging sensor, as the key component of the flat panel detector, is mainly made of amorphous silicon, which has the disadvantages of small aperture ratio, slow imaging speed and low resolution.Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) based TFT attract much attentions because of high field effect mobility, good uniformity, and low off‐current. The paper firstly establishes the simulation model of IGZO TFT and makes the deep analysis of the effects of different aspect ratios, different active layer thicknesses, and temperatures on the IGZO TFT performance.
P‐7.2: Study on the cone‐jet mode spraying mechanism of electrohydrodynamic atomization printing for OLED organic thin‐film encapsulation
Authors: Hu Chao , Pan Fei , Ye Wen , Chen Jiankui
Published: June 2024

As the hottest display technology today, OLED devices have been widely used in mobile devices, flexible displays, and other fields. Encapsulation layer film as a protective layer for OLED devices, its current manufacturing technology faces great challenges. The main reason for the challenges is the high cost and low efficiency of current manufacturing technologies. Electrohydrodynamic atomization printing (EHDAP), a low‐cost technology for the rapid manufacture of large‐area films, is up and coming for OLED encapsulation film manufacturing. In this paper, the manufacturing process of EHDAP is investigated for organic layer encapsulation film manufacturing. Multiple spray modes of organic layer encapsulated film solutions were investigated. The effect of printing states in different modes on fabricating organic layer encapsulated films was analyzed. The process phase diagram intervals are given for determining the boundaries of the steady injection state. Further production of organic layer encapsulation film with 95.7% uniformity based on self‐developed printing equipment. The theoretical and experimental studies in this paper pave the way for further development of EHDAP in OLED displays.
P‐8.4: Analysis and Application of the Key Factors of Mini‐LED LCM Temperature
Authors: LE Liu , Chuanghua Deng , Cen Yi , Ran Gao , Wengao Zhang , Gang Wang , Qianshuang Hu , Feng Tang , Zihan Wang , KEUN SHIN MOO , Yuhua Zhang
Published: June 2024

In order to avoid the risk of high temperature in the key components of Mini‐LED LCM (Liquid crystal display Module), this paper studied the influencing factors of the temperature of Mini‐LED LCM, and provided the optimal design scheme of the LCM from the perspective of heat dissipation. Firstly, the thermal simulation model of 32‐inch Mini‐LED LCM was established, and the maximum temperature and temperature distribution of each component of the LCM were calculated. Then, the accuracy of the simulation model was verified by the temperature test results of 32‐inch Mini‐LED LCM physical prototype, and the error between simulation and measured temperature is less than 3℃. Furtherly, the temperature difference of LCM with different design schemes were compared by simulation, and the key influencing factors of LCM temperature and their influencing laws were analyzed. The simulation results have shown that LED type, LED power, LED number, LED board/bar material, back cover material and thickness are the key factors of LCM temperature. Finally, according to the influence laws of key factors, the optimal heat dissipation scheme of 27‐inch Mini‐LED LCM was designed. It has passed the LCM temperature test experiment, which avoids the high temperature risk and saves the cost of sample production and test.
P‐9.19: ESL solution based on Bluetooth 5.4 and Electronic paper display
Authors: Zhang Rongzuo , Li Yimeng Ma，Tao , Yu Chao , Jiang Xingqun
Published: June 2024

This paper is based on the Periodic Advertising with Response (PAwR) technology of Bluttooth 5.4 standard to solve the gap between user needs and existing applications. This solution aims to improve the flexibility of ESL work and greatly reduce the Electronics Shelf Label (ESL) cost. However, there exists an aperture of understanding behind this trenebdously fast‐paced domain, because it was never previously come true. This paper presents a comprehensive review of histotical and recent state‐of‐the art in ESL domain. Here, we derive a display solution for electronic paper display (EPD) terminal applicable to ESL scenarios, covering the design of upper layer, uplink protocol and downlink protocol.
P‐10.11: Digital Microfluidics Chip for Sweat Detection Based on Dielectric Wetting
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Li Yi , Liang Jie , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jianhua
Published: June 2024

Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a technique for actively dispensing and manipulating discrete microdroplets on hydrophobic surfaces. DMF devices based on electrowetting on medium (EWOD) effect are widely used due to their advantages of fast response speed, simple system and high accuracy. Microfluidics is important for sweat sensing because it minimizes sweat pollution and evaporation of sweat on the skin. However, the current microfluidic channel has some problems, such as the old and new sweat is easy to mix in the channel, the self‐driving efficiency is too low, and the small sweat volume cannot be detected in time. Digital microfluidics can accurately transmit small sweats, avoid sweat residue in the channel, and have high voltage drive efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, we will use DMF digital microfluidic array technology to realize the collection of trace sweat, and realize the collection and detection of micro‐nano fabrication technology—photolithography. In this way, it is a microfluidic sweat sensor that realizes efficient transmission, trace detection, and intelligent monitoring, and is expected to be applied in wearable sweat sensing.
P‐13.1: An optimization scheme for conduction of VA type narrow border product
Authors: Lin Peng , Yong Zhang , Wang Zhi-Gang , peng Zhou , Kou Jian-Long , Bin Luo , Dong Fu-chuan , Ning Miu , Wang Zhao-Ying , Han Hai Bin
Published: June 2024

products of VA with Narrow border can be realized through technology of Au Dot, technology of Au line, and technology of Au in seal, but technology of Au in seal cannot be combined with GOA side Bus Line Overlay because seal needs an independent field. As a result, the compression of the border is limited, and the Au Dot and Au line can Cover this limitation, but because PI liquid needs to cover the hole, PI liquid will be covered with Au Dot and Au Line conduction points, which will bring poor permeability. Therefore, a new design is developed. In the CF and TFT side of the conduction point using the cushion design into a groove, blocking PI liquid covering the conduction point, on the basis of the realization of narrow border to achieve synchronous conduction optimization.
P‐15.11: Sparse‐Storage‐based IR‐Drop Algorithm for High Resolution OLED Panels
Authors: Ren Hongtao , Li Xiangjun , Feng Qibin , Wang Zi , Lv Guoqiang
Published: June 2024

Due to the extremely large size of driver circuits for high‐resolution OLED panels, IR‐drop analysis has become a computationally challenging problem both in terms of runtime and memory usage. In this paper, an IR‐drop algorithm based on sparse storage is proposed for OLED panels with high resolution. Firstly, an equivalent circuit model of the driving circuit of an OLED panel is establishedIR‐drop. Secondly, an IR‐drop model based on vector and matrix equations is established by using the Kirchhoff law, and the IR‐drop of an OLED panel with high resolution is solved accurately by applying the sparse representations in the field of artificial intelligence. Experimental results show that the algorithm in this paper can accurately solve the IR‐drop for OLED panels with a resolution of 8k. For the solution of a 32M nodes, the algorithm in this paper takes 120.716s to achieve the accurate solution. The proposed algorithm can solve the IR‐drop of OLED panel with high resolution faster and more accurate, which present high practicability.
P‐15.24: a Vision‐based Wrinkle Characterization Method for Flexible OLED Screens
Authors: Zhang Yiqi , Huang Liting , Wu Di , Liu Yali , Huang Jianhao , Liao Dunming
Published: June 2024

Folding screen phones have a larger display area compared to the traditional form of full‐screen phones, providing users with more usage scenarios. However, as the number of folding times increases, the functional layer of the display module will creep and wrinkles will appear on the surface of the folded screen, affecting the display effect of the screen. Current academic research has made progress in the mechanical simulation of folded screens, and surface flatness and contour curvature are used as quantitative characterization methods for simulation calculations. This paper proposes a quantitative characterization method of optical wrinkling for simulation results based on the basic theory of machine vision, by projecting a circular light spot at an angle of 45° to the screen onto the surface of the flexible screen, and observing the degree of aberration of the light spot at an angle of 135° to the screen as a failure criterion. The corresponding spot aberration value is calculated based on the coordinates of the grating, the coordinates of the light source and the position of the observation camera after CAE(Computer Aided Engineering) simulation. After comparing the experimental results with the simulation results, it is found that the simulation agrees well with the experiment. Finally, the two stacked structures of PET(polyethylene glycol terephthalate) and CPI(Colorless Polyimide), which are the covering layers of the screen, are taken as examples to illustrate that the present method can provide relevant clues for the structural design of the OLED(Organic Light‐Emitting Diode) screen, the selection of materials, and the mechanical problems in the bending process.
P‐16.1: Fully Inkjet‐Printed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes based on a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitter
Authors: Tao Wen-wen , Hu Yun , Huang Jing-song , Stavrinou Paul N
Published: June 2024

Using a fully solution‐processed cross‐linking method, we demonstrate a technique for fabricating multilayer OLEDs based on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF). Our approach addresses the challenge of interfacial miscibility frequently encountered during fabrication and remains compatible with industrial printing and coating technologies. Multilayer TADF‐based OLEDs utilizing fully inkjet‐printed organic layers are successfully manufactured. The fully printed devices exhibit a maximum luminance of 2830 cd/m², a maximum current efficiency of 6.52 cd/A, and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.98%.
P‐16.3: Wide Color Gamut Perovskite Quantum Dots Color Filter Prepared by the Inkjet Printing Technology
Authors: Feng Zhipeng , Xie Zeyue , Zhu Mingchao , Lan Xi , Li Guijun
Published: June 2024

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have excellent optical properties such as good color purity, high photoluminescence quantum efficiency and low manufacturing cost. Inkjet printing （IJP） is a powerful technique to achieve high‐density pixelated perovskite microarrays. In the display industry, the problem of low color gamut caused by optical crosstalk is faced. In this paper, the preparation process of perovskite quantum dots on the color filter is studied. The combination of IJP and lithography technology, the use of black matrix to avoid crosstalk and inkjet printing to achieve accurate patterning, successfully prepared the color filter containing red and green perovskite quantum dots. This paper provides a reference for the implementation of wide color gamut display.
P‐17.2: Study on speckle suppression of RGB color semiconductor laser driven by high frequency current
Authors: Dong Lihua , Guo Dabo , Yuan Guang
Published: June 2024

The suppression of laser speckle has always been a crucial research topic in the field of laser display. At present, many methods of laser speckle suppression have been proposed. In this paper, we present a method for reducing speckle in high‐frequency current driven RGB semiconductor lasers. The RGB monochromatic speckle contrast in direct current (DC) driving mode and 100 Hz to 50 MHz pulse modulation frequency driving mode, and the color luminosity speckle contrast of composite light in 1 KHz to 45 MHz pulse modulation frequency driving mode were measured. Red laser speckle contrast is reduced from 47.12% to 38.5%, Green laser speckle contrast is reduced from 35.69% to 21%, and blue laser speckle contrast is reduced from 31.5% to 25.09%. Additionally, the photometric speckle contrast of composite light decreased by approximately 6%. Experimental results demonstrate that high‐frequency current driving mode disrupts the coherence of lasers and effectively suppresses both monochromatic and color‐based laser speckles.
P‐17.3: Micro‐LED Projection Display Resolution Enhancement System
Authors: Hao Weijie , Jin Huajian , Chen Enguo , Xu Sheng , Ye Yun , Guo Tailiang
Published: June 2024

Self‐luminous projection technologies, such as Micro‐LED chips, compared with traditional projection methods, does not require complex lighting path. So it can significantly improve light utilization rate and reduce costs. However, technical challenges in Micro‐LED chip production make it difficult to improve the chip's resolution further. Some studies have shown that compared with the original image resolution of the spatial light modulator (SLM), the projection images overlapped is an effective method to improve the resolution of the projector. In this paper, we study the working principle of the extended pixel resolution actuator and propose a self‐luminous projection resolution enhancement system based on Micro‐LED chip. It can improve the resolution of the projection images with the resolution of the Micro‐LED chip unchanged. The resolution enhancement system consists of a Micro‐LED chip, an extended pixel resolution actuator and a projection lens. According to the working principle of the extended pixel resolution actuator, the projection lens is an image‐space telecentric structure, in which modulation transfer function of projection imaging at Nyquist frequency 100 lp/mm is greater than 0.4. Finally, the tolerance analysis on the projection lens is completed. The results show that the projection lens has a high success rate in processing. This work is of great significance for improving the resolution of Micro‐LED self‐luminous projection images.
P‐18.2: Relative Localization for Real‐time Adaptive Quadruped Mobile Projector System
Authors: Gao Qiangsheng , Cheng Ka Ho , Li Anran , Liu Yibo
Published: June 2024

The technology of home projectors has matured significantly. However, most projectors are limited to static manual projectors, and projectors capable of automatic focusing and keystone correction are expensive. Furthermore, there is still room for development in the adaptability and real‐time performance of the screen distance and spatial angle measurement systems that projectors use for automatic focusing and keystone correction. Compared with the existing laser focusing technology, in this research, we present an alternative solution to acquire real‐time screen distance and spatial angle estimations using relative localization algorithms and an ultrasonic ranging sensor array. The relative localization information can then be employed for automatic focusing and keystone correction of a projector mounted on the mobile platform of an open‐source quadruped robot. The proposed approach will enhance the versatility and adaptability of the projector system, providing an economical solution for real‐time automatic focusing and keystone correction in mobile projector platforms.
Revisit the heavy quarkonium double-gluon hybrid mesons with exotic quantum numbers
Authors: Lian Ding-Kun , Wang Qi-Nan , Chen Xu-Liang , Yang Peng-Fei , Chen Wei , Chen Hua-Xing
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We revisit the masses of heavy quarkonium double-gluon hybrid mesons with exotic quantum numbers JPC = 1−+ and 2+− in the framework of the QCD sum rules. Considering the double-gluon hybrid meson operators in the octet-octet color structure, we have constructed two independent interpolating currents with JPC = 1−+ and five independent currents with JPC = 2+−. For the interpolating currents with antisymmetric glueball operator, there exist non-local divergences in one kind of additional Feynman diagrams of the tri-gluon condensate, which will give important contributions to the sum rule stabilities and mass predictions. We use the diagrammatic renormalization to cancel out such divergences. At the leading order of αs, the two-point correlation functions and spectral densities can be expressed in the analytic form of the generalized hypergeometric functions and Meijer’s G-functions. After performing the numerical analysis, we predict the masses of the 1−+ and 2+− charmonium double-gluon hybrid mesons to be around 6.1 − 7.2 GeV and 6.3 − 6.4 GeV, respectively. For the bottomonium systems, their masses are predicted to be 13.7 − 14.3 GeV and 12.6 − 13.3 GeV for the 1−+ and 2+− channels, respectively. Besides, it is possible to hunt for these charmonium hybrids in the radiative decays of bottomonium mesons in BelleII experiment. Further investigations on these hybrid states in various theoretical and phenomenological methods are also anticipated in the future.
Optimal energy distribution in hydraulic hammer forging for minimizing total energy and forging load
Authors: Kitayama Satoshi , Sugita Reo , Amano Masaharu , Miyoshi Koji , Kondo Shuhei , Aono Eri
Published: June 2024

Hammer forging is an important manufacturing technology in heavy industry to produce high stiffness product. Forging using mechanical press produces the product by controlling the distance between dies whereas the hydraulic hammer forging utilizes the energy given by the sum of hydraulic energy and potential energy of die, and the product is then produced through several blows. The energy at each blow is conventionally determined through the trial-and-error method. The process to produce the product is simple and the response of hammer foundations and anvil is mainly discussed in the literature, but the optimal energy distribution to successfully produce the product is rarely discussed. In this paper, the optimal energy distribution in hydraulic hammer forging is determined using numerical simulation coupled with design optimization technique. To determine the optimal energy distribution through the process, multi-objective design optimization for minimizing both the total energy and the maximum forging load is performed. High dimensional accuracy is generally required in the forged product, and the underfill is handled as the design constraint. The numerical simulation in hydraulic hammer forging is computationally so expensive that sequential approximate optimization that response surface is repeatedly constructed and optimized is adopted to identify the pareto-frontier between the total energy and the maximum forging load. It is clarified through the numerical result that the total energy is drastically reduced without the underfill in comparison with the conventional one. The experiment is also conducted to examine the proposed approach.
Seismic hazard assessment for Iran in terms of macroseismic intensity
Authors: Shabani E. , Albarello D. , Mahsuli M. , Eghbali N. , Varzandeh S. Hosseini , Farnetani F.
Published: June 2024

We present the results of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Iran based on a statistical procedure specifically developed to manage macroseismic intensity data. This method takes into careful consideration the specific features of such data, which are characterized as ordinal, discrete, and confined within a finite interval, ensuring a logically coherent approach throughout the analysis. The results of our assessment are then compared with hazard maps generated using a standard approach, putting in evidence significant differences both on a national scale and relative to individual cities. This comparative analysis will be useful in identifying areas of utmost concern, where further studies are strongly recommended to yield hazard estimates of greater robustness and reliability. By pinpointing these critical scenarios, we aim to guide future research endeavors towards providing more accurate and reliable seismic hazard estimates. Identifying these critical situations facilitates the prioritization of resources and interventions, ultimately enhancing seismic risk mitigation efforts across Iran.
Associations between epigenetic aging and diabetes mellitus in a Swedish longitudinal study
Authors: Wikström Shemer Daniel , Mostafaei Shayan , Tang Bowen , Pedersen Nancy L , Karlsson Ida K , Fall Tove , Hägg Sara
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) is associated with accelerated biological aging and the increased risk of onset of other age-related diseases. Epigenetic changes in DNA methylation levels have been found to serve as reliable biomarkers for biological aging. This study explores the relationship between various epigenetic biomarkers of aging and diabetes risk using longitudinal data. Data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) was collected from 1984 to 2014 and included 536 individuals with at least one epigenetic measurement. The following epigenetic biomarkers of aging were employed: DNAm PAI-1, DNAmTL, DunedinPACE, PCHorvath1, PCHorvath2, PCHannum, PCPhenoAge, and PCGrimAge. Firstly, longitudinal analysis of biomarker trajectories was done. Secondly, linear correlations between the biomarkers and time to diabetes were studied within individuals developing diabetes. Thirdly, Cox proportional hazards (PH) models were used to assess the associations between these biomarkers and time of diabetes diagnosis, with adjustments for chronological age, sex, education, smoking, blood glucose, and BMI. The longitudinal trajectories of the biomarkers revealed differences between individuals with and without diabetes. Smoothened average curves for DunedinPACE and DNAm PAI-1 were higher for individuals with diabetes around the age 60–70, compared to controls. Likewise, DunedinPACE and DNAm PAI-1 were higher closer to diabetes onset. However, no significant associations were found between the epigenetic biomarkers of aging and risk of diabetes in Cox PH models. Our findings suggest the potential value of developing epigenetic biomarkers specifically tailored to T2D, should we wish to model and explore the potential for predicting the disease.
Testing the amount of nicotinamide mononucleotide and urolithin A as compared to the label claim
Authors: Sandalova E , Li H , Guan L , Raj SD , Lim TG , Tian E , Kennedy BK , Maier AB
Published: June 2024

Healthy Longevity Medicine aims to optimize health by targeting aging processes across the lifespan. Addressing accelerated aging involves adaptation of lifestyle and the use of geroprotective drugs and supplements, including nutritional supplements and bioactive compounds. The Food and Drug Administration, under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, categorizes bioactive compounds and medicinal products as dietary supplements. While numerous companies sell ingredients that can be deemed geroprotectors, there's limited oversight in their quality control. Governmental safety authorities only verify the presence of prohibited compounds, not the accuracy of ingredients listed on labels.

Here, Nicotinamide mononucleotide and Urolithin A supplements, easily accessible online or in pharmacies, were tested for their active ingredient content. Results showed a significant deviation from the labeled amounts, ranging from + 28.6% to -100%. This indicates a considerable disparity in the quality of geroprotective supplements.

To address this variability, collaboration between and within societies representing healthcare professionals, industry and regulatory bodies is imperative to ensure the quality of geroprotective supplements.
Modified One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Following Sleeve Gastrectomy for Severe Reflux and Delayed Gastric Emptying: A Prospective Trial with Clinical and Physiological Outcome Measures
Authors: Wickremasinghe Anagi C. , Leang Yit J. , Johari Yazmin , Laurie Cheryl , Nadebaum David , Yue Helen , Yap Kenneth S. , Hebbard Geoffrey S. , Brown Wendy A. , Burton Paul R.
Published: June 2024

Background

Gastro-esophageal reflux (GORD) following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a central challenge, and precise indications for revisional surgery or the physiology have not been precisely defined. We aimed to determine whether OAGB performed for reflux post-SG (1) accelerates gastric emptying half-time, (2) reduces the frequency and severity of reflux events, and (3) improves reflux symptoms.

Methods

We undertook a prospective trial (ACTRN12616001089426). There were 22 participants who underwent measurement before and after revisional surgery with 29 optimal SG (patients with optimal outcome from their primary surgery) as controls. All participants underwent a protocolized nuclear scintigraphy, 24-h pH monitoring, and gastroscopy and completed objective questionnaires.

Results

Trial patients were 90.9% female, age 44.4 years. Conversion from SG to OAGB was at a median of 45.2 ± 19.6 months. Scintigraphy showed an increased rate of gastric emptying post-OAGB 34 (IQR 14) vs 24 (IQR 10.3) min, p-value 0.008, with decreased number of reflux events post-prandially (39 (IQR 13) vs 26 (IQR 7), p-value 0.001). This data correlated with the pH analysis; total acid events substantially reduced post-OAGB 58.5 (IQR 88) vs 12 (IQR 9.4) events, p-value 0.017. Endoscopic findings indicated a reduction in incidence of bile stasis 72.7% vs 40.9% post-OAGB, p-value < 0.00010. Post-OAGB, patients experienced less frequent regurgitation (12 ± 4.1 vs. 5.5 ± 3, p-value 0.012) and reflux (37.1 ± 15.7 vs. 16.8 ± 12.6, p-value 0.003).

Conclusions

We found OAGB is an effective treatment for reflux associated with delayed gastric emptying post-SG. The likely mechanisms is by, an increase in the rate of gastric clearance and reduced reflux events and overall esophageal acid exposure. This suggests that some forms of post-SG reflux are driven by slower emptying of the residual stomach and are amenable to treatment with drainage above the incisura.

Graphical Abstract
Mercury Levels in Selected Medicines and Dietary Supplements in Poland
Authors: Brodziak-Dopierała Barbara , Fischer Agnieszka , Ahnert Bożena
Published: June 2024

Current trends are promoting youth, beauty, health, and fitness. Individuals often seek out remedies, such as medicines or dietary supplements (DS), to achieve these goals. However, highly processed foods, chronic stress, and environmental pollution contribute to the development of civilization diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mercury (Hg) content in medicines and DS that are available in Poland. A total of 139 preparations were tested (75 drugs, 64 DS). The medicines contained preparations belonging to antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal; analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory; heart and blood vessel disease preventatives; respiratory tract infections treatment; diuretics; aiding digestion; supplements; antidiarrhoeals; anti-allergics; anti-rheumatics; antibiotics; and others. The tested dietary supplements had an effect on the following: improve the condition of skin, hair, and nails; vitamins; minerals; probiotics; weight loss; special for women; and others. The Hg content of the samples was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The Hg content of all the preparations varied widely (0.1–57.4 µg/kg), with a median Hg concentration of 1.2 µg/kg. The median Hg concentration for medicines was 0.8 µg/kg, prescription medicines having higher Hg concentrations (0.9 µg/kg) than over-the-counter (OTC) drugs (0.5 µg/kg). For DS, the Hg content was found to be higher than for drugs, at 2.0 µg/kg. The herbal preparations showed the highest Hg content among the individual DS groups (3.4 µg/kg). The Hg concentrations in the tested drug and DS samples did not exceed acceptable standards. However, if multiple pharmaceutical preparations are taken simultaneously over a long period of time, and there is existing environmental exposure, there is a possibility of Hg concentration accumulation and adverse health effects.
Student Interpretations of Eigenequations in Linear Algebra and Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Wawro Megan , Pina Andi , Thompson John R. , Topdemir Zeynep , Watson Kevin
Published: June 2024

This work investigates how students interpret various eigenequations in different contexts for $$2 \times 2$$

2
×
2

matrices: $$A\vec {x}=\lambda \vec {x}$$

A

x
→

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λ

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→

in mathematics and either $$\hat{S}_x| + \rangle _x=\frac{\hbar }{2}| + \rangle _x$$

S
^

x

|
+
⟩

x

=

ħ
2

|
+
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x

or $$\hat{S}_z| + \rangle =\frac{\hbar }{2}| + \rangle$$

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^

z

|
+
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=

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2

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+
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in quantum mechanics. Data were collected from two sources in a senior-level quantum mechanics course; one is video, transcript and written work of individual, semi-structured interviews; the second is written work from the same course three years later. We found two principal ways in which students reasoned about the equal sign within the mathematics eigenequation and at times within the quantum mechanical eigenequations: with a functional interpretation and/or a relational interpretation. Second, we found three distinct ways in which students explained how they made sense of the physical meaning conveyed by the quantum mechanical eigenequations: via a measurement interpretation, potential measurement interpretation, or correspondence interpretation of the equation. Finally, we present two themes that emerged in the ways that students compared the different eigenequations: attention to form and attention to conceptual (in)compatibility. These findings are discussed in relation to relevant literature, and their instructional implications are also explored.
An empirical likelihood approach for detecting spatial clusters of continuous data
Authors: Mathews Maria , Guddattu Vasudeva , Binu V. S. , Rao K. Aruna
Published: June 2024

Spatial scan statistics are an important tool for detecting and evaluating the statistical significance of spatial clusters and have widespread applications in various fields. The study proposes a new nonparametric spatial scan statistic based on the empirical likelihood method as an alternative to existing methods, for detecting clusters for continuous outcomes from unknown or skewed probability distributions. The existing methods are either based on distribution-free methods or likelihood ratio tests assuming a probability distribution. The proposed spatial scan statistic is based on the empirical likelihood method which remains distribution-free while allowing the use of likelihood methods. The performance of the proposed method was compared to the Mann–Whitney-based nonparametric scan statistic and the normal model-based scan statistic through a simulation study under varied scenarios as well as application on a real data. The proposed method had better positive predictive value compared to the Mann–Whitney-based scan statistic, and better sensitivity than the normal-based scan statistic. The methods had little to no difference in terms of power, with the proposed method performing much better in most scenarios. The number, order, location, and extent of the potential clusters detected from the rape crime data from India for the year 2011 varied across methods with certain similarities and differences. The Mann–Whitney and normal scan statistics detected more clusters in common with the proposed method than with each other. The proposed method serves as a good alternative and/or complementary method to existing spatial scan statistics for continuous outcomes when the underlying distribution is unknown or asymmetric.
Evaluation of Various Deep Learning Algorithms for Landslide and Sinkhole Detection from UAV Imagery in a Semi-arid Environment
Authors: Kariminejad Narges , Shahabi Hejar , Ghorbanzadeh Omid , Shafaie Vahid , Hosseinalizadeh Mohsen , Homayouni Saied , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza
Published: June 2024

Sinkholes and landslides occur due to soil collapse in different slope types, often triggered by heavy rainfall, presenting challenges in the semi-arid Golestan province, Iran. This study primarily focuses on the detection of these phenomena. Recent advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image acquisition and the incorporation of deep learning (DL) algorithms have enabled the creation of semi-automated methods for highly detailed soil landform detection across large areas. In this study, we explored the efficacy of six state-of-the-art deep learning segmentation algorithms—DeepLab-v3+, Link-Net, MA-Net, PSP-Net, ResU-Net, and SQ-Net—applied to UAV-derived datasets for mapping landslides and sinkholes. Our most promising outcomes demonstrated the successful mapping of landslides with an F1-Score of 0.95% and sinkholes with an F1-Score of 89% in a challenging environment. ResUNet exhibited an outstanding Precision of 0.97 and Recall of 0.92, culminating in the highest F1-Score of 0.95, indicating the best landslide detection model. MA-Net and SQ-Net resulted in the highest F1-Score for sinkhole detection. Our study underscores the significant impact of DL segmentation algorithm selection on the accuracy of landslide and sinkhole detection tasks. By leveraging DL segmentation algorithms, the accuracy of both landslide and sinkhole detection tasks can be significantly improved, promoting better hazard management and enhancing the safety of the affected areas.
STEM Career Choices for K–12 Students and the Influencing Factors—A Comparison of Students in Different Support Programs
Authors: Bahr Tobias , Brändle Marcus , Zinn Bernd
Published: June 2024

The evidence regarding the effectiveness of STEM support programs for K–12 students to spark their interest in the STEM field is mixed. The goals and contents of support programs vary and mostly cover short intervention periods. So far, not many studies exist that cover different learning characteristics of students in long-term STEM support programs. Against this backdrop, the present paper engages in intra- and intergroup comparisons, characterizing groups of students interested in STEM who participated in three long-term STEM support programs and a control group. The sample contained a total of N = 1170 students. For this purpose, the study was divided into a description of the samples, an analysis of the factors influencing career choice decisions, and an analysis of the interest profiles of students in support programs based on a circumplex model comparing STEM and non-STEM students. The results of this study indicate that female students in different support programs tend to fall into the Ideas domain on Prediger’s axis, and male students in support programs are located close to male students in the control group. Overall, the results align with the state of research, suggesting that support programs should be offered regularly, integrated into school curriculums, and linked with STEM universities and mentoring. This study indicates that future research in the context of STEM support programs could verify the effects on students’ vocational interests with longitudinal analyses.
The diagnosis of worn texture in urban villages—Case study: Lalejin urban village
Authors: Hoursan Faezeh
Published: June 2024

The present study examines the effectiveness of the physical parameters of micro-density, impermeability, and instability in the diagnosis of worn texture in urban villages. The transformation of every village into a city causes hundreds of small and large changes in the urban space and the lifestyle of its inhabitants. With the increasing influx of migrants from surrounding villages into urban villages, there is an urgent need for more accurate management of deteriorating areas. To preserve the character of such places as a heritage and examine their condition and the damage incurred, it is necessary to precisely identify the worn textures as a first step towards addressing these challenges. The urban village of Lalejin, as the statistical population of the study, is a clear example of such failed transformation, as it has lost most of its agricultural land and yet has remained underdeveloped in urban construction. While there have been several studies on the status of the worn texture, there are major concerns regarding the validity of the physical parameters involved. This research aims to take a strategic approach to studying the desired texture and to investigate the three parameters of micro-density, impermeability, and instability. Subsequently, the strategy to recognize the worn-out texture in rural–urban regions was extrapolated. The developed strategy in this study can be further generalized to all urban villages and shows how to determine the degree of deterioration in rural–urban areas using three physical parameters: micro-density, impermeability, and instability. The results specify the conditions and formulas necessary for such assessment.
Core knowledge, visual illusions, and the discovery of the self
Authors: Berke Marlene D. , Jara-Ettinger Julian
Published: June 2024

Why have core knowledge? Standard answers typically emphasize the difficulty of learning core knowledge from experience, or the benefits it confers for learning about the world. Here, we suggest a complementary reason: Core knowledge is critical for learning not just about the external world, but about the mind itself.
Fifty-Three Experts Weigh in on the Global Methane Budget
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: June 2024

A survey of experts revealed that uncertainty in estimates of global methane levels stems largely from data on fresh water, vegetation, and coastal areas.
Radar Data Show Thwaites Gets a Daily Bath of Warm Seawater
Authors: Chandrasekaran Anupama
Published: June 2024

The Doomsday Glacier, predicted to raise global sea level by more than half a meter, could be exposed to more warm ocean water than previously thought.
Clinical efficacy and identification of factors confer resistance to afatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) in EGFR-overexpressing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yanni , Liu Chang , Chen Huan , Jiao Xi , Wang Yujiao , Cao Yanshuo , Li Jian , Zhang Xiaotian , Sun Yu , Zhuo Na , Dong Fengxiao , Gao Mengting , Wang Fengyuan , Dong Liyuan , Gong Jifang , Sun Tianqi , Zhu Wei , Zhang Henghui , Shen Lin , Lu Zhihao
Published: June 2024

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is reportedly overexpressed in most esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients, but anti-EGFR treatments offer limited survival benefits. Our preclinical data showed the promising antitumor activity of afatinib in EGFR-overexpressing ESCC. This proof-of-concept, phase II trial assessed the efficacy and safety of afatinib in pretreated metastatic ESCC patients (n = 41) with EGFR overexpression (NCT03940976). The study met its primary endpoint, with a confirmed objective response rate (ORR) of 39% in 38 efficacy-evaluable patients and a median overall survival of 7.8 months, with a manageable toxicity profile. Transcriptome analysis of pretreatment tumors revealed that neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (NTRK2) was negatively associated with afatinib sensitivity and might serve as a predictive biomarker, irrespective of EGFR expression. Notably, knocking down or inhibiting NTRK2 sensitized ESCC cells to afatinib treatment. Our study provides novel findings on the molecular factors underlying afatinib resistance and indicates that afatinib has the potential to become an important treatment for metastatic ESCC patients.
A robust, simple, and efficient convergence workflow for GW calculations
Authors: Großmann Max , Grunert Malte , Runge Erich
Published: June 2024

A robust, simple, and efficient convergence workflow for GW calculations in plane-wave-based codes is derived from more than 7000 GW calculations on a diverse dataset of 70 semiconducting and insulating solids divided into 60 bulk and 10 2D materials. The workflow can significantly accelerate material screening projects and high-precision single-system studies. Our method is based on two main results: The convergence of the two interdependent parameters in the numerical implementation of the dynamically screened Coulomb interaction W in a plane-wave basis set is accelerated by a ‘cheap first, expensive later’ coordinate search that maintains the same accuracy as a state-of-the-art convergence algorithm, but converges faster. In addition, we empirically establish the practical independence of the k-point grid and the aforementioned parameterization of W. Incorporating both results into one workflow dramatically speeds up convergence.
Nutritional load in post-prandial oxidative stress and the pathogeneses of diabetes mellitus
Authors: He Fangzhou , Liu Junshi , Huang Yuanding , Chen Lan , Rizi Ehsan Parvaresh , Zhang Ke , Ke Lijing , Loh Tze Ping , Niu Meng , Peng Weng Kung
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus affected more than 500 million of people globally, with an annual mortality of 1.5 million directly attributable to diabetic complications. Oxidative stress, in particularly in post-prandial state, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of the diabetic complications. However, oxidative status marker is generally poorly characterized and their mechanisms of action are not well understood. In this work, we proposed a new framework for deep characterization of oxidative stress in erythrocytes (and in urine) using home-built micro-scale NMR system. The dynamic of post-prandial oxidative status (against a wide variety of nutritional load) in individual was assessed based on the proposed oxidative status of the red blood cells, with respect to the traditional risk-factors such as urinary isoprostane, reveals new insights into our understanding of diabetes. This new method can be potentially important in drafting guidelines for sub-stratification of diabetes mellitus for clinical care and management.
Effects of acute aerobic exercise on resting state functional connectivity of motor cortex in college students
Authors: Li Wenyi , Wang Bingyang , Yuan Haoteng , Chen Jun , Chen Gonghe , Wang Yue , Wen Shilin
Published: June 2024

This study intends to inspect the effects of acute aerobic exercise (AE) on resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in motor cortex of college students and the moderating effect of fitness level. Methods: 20 high fitness level college students and 20 ordinary college students were recruited in public. Subjects completed 25 min of moderate- and high-intensity acute aerobic exercise respectively by a bicycle ergometer, and the motor cortex’s blood oxygen signals in resting state were monitored by functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS, the Shimadzu portable Light NIRS, Japan) in pre- and post-test. Results: At the moderate intensity level, the total mean value of RSFC pre- and post-test was significantly different in the high fitness level group (pre-test 0.62 ± 0.18, post-test 0.51 ± 0.17, t(19) = 2.61, p = 0.02, d = 0.58), but no significant change was found in the low fitness level group. At the high-intensity level, there was no significant difference in the difference of total RSFC between pre- and post-test in the high and low fitness group. According to and change trend of 190 “edges”: at the moderate-intensity level, the number of difference edges in the high fitness group (d = 0.58, 23) were significantly higher than those in the low fitness group (d = 0.32, 15), while at high-intensity level, there was a reverse trend between the high fitness group (d = 0.25, 18) and the low fitness group (d = 0.39, 23). Conclusions: moderate-intensity AE can cause significant changes of RSFC in the motor cortex of college students with high fitness, while high fitness has a moderating effect on the relationship between exercise intensity and RSFC. RSFC of people with high fitness is more likely to be affected by AE and show a wider range of changes.