bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Changing Face of Pakistani Migration to the United Kingdom
Authors: Luthra Renee Reichl , Platt Lucinda
Published: September 2019

This article brings together a range of data sources to chart cohort change in the human capital characteristics of Pakistani immigrants to the United Kingdom over the last fifty years. We demonstrate how restrictions on labor migration and family reunification have transformed characteristics of new arrivals while still maintaining some elements of chain migration patterns. Despite these changes, we note substantial consistency in the sociocultural characteristics of Pakistani-origin U.K. residents across cohorts, specifically in identity, religiosity, and social networks. We reflect on the implications of these patterns of change and continuity.
South Asian Migration, Settlement, and Sociopolitical Incorporation on the North American West Coast
Authors: Kurien Prema
Published: September 2019

There are large South Asian settlements in the larger Vancouver region of British Columbia in Canada and in Northern and Central California (from Yuba City to Fresno) in the United States. While the early migration patterns of Sikhs and Hindus to these two areas were similar, they subsequently diverged and the South Asian settlements in the two regions now exhibit very different profiles. This resource paper summarizes and analyzes the literature on factors shaping the migration, settlement, and incorporation patterns of Asian immigrants in these two regions. I argue that the parallels in early South Asian migration patterns to the North American West Coast were due to similarities in the economic and social profile of these regions, Canadian and U.S. policies toward Asian immigrants, and easy movement between Canada and the United States. The divergence between the two regions took place over time largely as an outcome of changes in regional characteristics (e.g., the development of Silicon Valley), differences in the group characteristics and networks of Sikhs and Hindus, and an increasing divergence in Canadian and U.S. immigration regulations (e.g., differences in family reunification, refugee, and H1-B visa policies). The final section discusses how these settlement patterns have led to differences in the identity formation and sociopolitical incorporation of Sikhs and Hindus in the two regions.
Importancia del rol familiar en la práctica de actividad física e IMC de escolares adolescentes
Authors: Vaquero Solís Mikel , Tapia Serrano Miguel Ángel , Cerro Herrero David , Sánchez Miguel Pedro Antonio
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de la presente investigación ha sido analizar relaciones y establecer diferencias en el IMC y la actividad física de los participantes en función de quién realice el ánimo y práctica de la actividad física en el entorno familiar. Un total de 2217 adolescentes participaron, masculinos (n = 1236) y femeninos (n = 980), de diferentes centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Se emplearon el cuestionario PAQ-A, dos ítems de elaboración propia, previamente consensuados por los investigadores, y el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se realizaron estadísticos descriptivos, correlaciones bivariadas, tablas de contingencia y diferencias entre variables. Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas negativas entre el IMC y la actividad física. Asimismo, se mostraron diferencias significativas en relación al agente familiar que realizaba actividad física y animaba a su hijo. A modo de conclusión, se muestra que hay diferencias en la actividad física y el IMC en función de la actividad física y apoyo de los progenitores.
Formación de futuros maestros de Educación Física a partir del aprendizaje experiencial
Authors: Navarro-Patón Rubén , Rodríguez-Fernández Jose Eugenio , Rico-Díaz Javier
Published: September 2019

Cuando el alumnado universitario está motivado y las necesidades psicológicas básicas (i.e. autonomía, relación con los demás y competencia) están satisfechas, consigue un rendimiento académico más eficaz. Este estudio pretendía conocer el impacto de un modelo de formación basado en el aprendizaje experiencial sobre la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de futuros maestros de Educación Física. Para ello, se contó con una muestra de 39 estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura de Actividades Motrices y Recreativas en la Naturaleza de 4º de Grado en Maestro de Educación Primaria con mención en Educación Física en la Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, de los cuales 18 eran mujeres (46.2%) y 21 (53.8%) hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 21 y 28 años (M = 22.62; DE = 1.73). Comparando los resultados antes-después de cursar la asignatura, se encontraron mejoras significativas en la satisfacción de la relación con los demás (p=0.002) y autonomía (p=0.039). La competencia percibida también aumentó, pero no significativamente (p=0.069). Atendiendo al género, aunque tanto hombres como mujeres mejoraron, sólo se encontraron mejoras estadísticamente significativas en las mujeres en la satisfacción de la relación con los demás (p=0.006). A la vista de los resultados, en la educación superior, parece interesante orientar las estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje hacia el impulso de estudiantes reflexivos sobre su acción. Un modelo de formación de futuros maestros basado en vivencias educativas en el medio natural, favorece la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, particularmente y de forma significativa,  autonomía y la relación con los demás.
Trauma-Informed Contemplative Pedagogy: Implications for Undergraduate Course Revision
Authors: Rhodes Britt E.
Published: September 2019

Trauma-informed care has garnered considerable attention over the last 2 decades as neuroscientists and scholars have examined the implications of early childhood trauma across the lifespan (Felitti & Anda, 2009; Fallot & Harris, 2009). Although social work students are preparing to work in trauma-informed environments, the principles of trauma-informed care have not been applied to the classroom environment. These principles, combined with contemplative practices, are particularly relevant in undergraduate social work education where students grapple with complex issues related to trauma. Contemplative practices have been noted to improve self-awareness, mediate practice, and content-related stress in social work, and have positive implications for metacognitive and critical thinking skills. This article weaves together principles of trauma-informed care and contemplative practices and describes a course revision to an undergraduate social work course on crisis intervention and interpersonal violence.
Kampung Wisata Berbasis Masjid di Kampung Sayidan Prawirodirjan Yogyakarta
Authors: Kharis Ahmad
Published: September 2019

This article aimed to describe the organizing process to empower village communities through mosque-based tourism in Sayidan Village. This research was a descriptive qualitative research which aimed to explain the process of organizing village tours through mosques. The procedure of this study resulted in descriptive data consisting of written words, oral words of the people who were received. Snowball techniques were used to collect data, interviews, observation and documentation. The results in this study were the Sayidan Tourism Village which originated from the assumption that people in the community needed to be restless because the river sometimes caused flooding. But the community was able to turn disaster into a blessing through Tourism Village. More than the mosque basecamp was delivered during a scussion meeting which led to the idea of a tourist village. When the process of organizing the community makes Mosque-Based Tourism Village among others, a. Emergence of Ideas: Discovery (Discovery) to Dreams (Dreams), b. Planning (Design): Detailing not what was needed, c. Defining (Defining): Raising mutual strength, d. Implement (Destiny): Ensure the plan has been implemented
Taste Threshold, Salivary Secretion, Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose in Smoking and Non-Smoking Women
Authors: Tjahajawati Sri , Rafisa Anggun , Pramesti Hening Tjaturina , Zubaedah Cucu
Published: September 2019

Background: WHO reported that 2.7% of women are active smokers in Indonesia. Smoking can decrease taste sensitivity. The objective of this study was to obtain the taste threshold, salivary secretion, blood pressure and blood glucose in smoking and non-smoking women.

Materials and Methods:  Subjects were 15 smoking women and 38 non-smoking women. The sweet and salt taste threshold was measured by dripping a solution of NaCl and glucose gradually starting from the lowest to the highest concentration. Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer device. Blood pressure was obtained by using a sphygmomanometer. Salivary volume is measured by spitting method. Salivary pH value was measured using pH paper test.

Results: The mean value of sweet taste threshold (0.04267 M), salt taste threshold (0.03267 M), salivary volume (2.78667 ml), blood glucose (112.83333 mg/dl) and systolic blood pressure (111.53333 mmHg) in smoking women were higher than the mean value of sweet taste threshold (0.03132 M), salt taste threshold (0.02513 M), salivary volume (2.73026 ml/5 min), blood glucose (107.36842 mg/dl) and systolic blood pressure (109.89474 mmHg) in non-smoking women. In contrast, the mean value of salivary pH (6.00) and diastolic blood pressure (73.46667mmHg) in smoking women were lower than the mean value of salivary pH (6.25) and diastolic blood pressure (76.18421 mmHg) in non-smoking women. There was a significant difference of sweet and salt taste threshold between smoking and non-smoking women (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Systolic blood pressure was the most contributing variable on explaining the difference in smoking and non-smoking women, followed by the sweet and salt taste threshold.
Sjögren's syndrome-literature review and clinical case presentation
Authors: Mihaylova Zornitsa , Stanimirov Pavel
Published: September 2019

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic disorder with clinical presentation of dry eyes, dry mouth and autoimmune disorder. Recently the number of patients with SS is increasing. In middle age female patients, having symptoms of dry mouth and salivary glands enlargement, SS should always be suspected. We present a  clinical case report of a patient with SS. Based on the therapy and  long term follow-up, we may conclude that via appropriate treatment significant improvement could be achieved.
The Negative Behaviors in Healthcare Survey: Instrument Development and Validation
Authors: Layne Diana M. , Nemeth Lynne S. , Mueller Martina , Wallston Kenneth A.
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose

Examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Negative Behaviors in Healthcare (NBHC) Survey.

Methods

A principal axis factor analysis with varimax rotation was conducted utilizing the 2012 NBHC survey data (n = 1,918) to explore the underlying structure of the NBHC instrument. A confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS 23 (Arbuckle, 2014) was then conducted using the 2014 NBHC survey data (n = 1,479).

Results

Internal consistency reliability was supported for four of the five identified factors, while construct validity for a five factor solution was established with acceptable model fit indices (Goodness of Fit Index [GFI] = 0.98; Relative Fit Index [RFI] = 0.98, Normed Fit Index [NFI] = 0.98, Root Mean Square Residual [RMR] = 0.05).

Conclusions

The NBHC instrument is a valid reliable instrument to assess negative behaviors among interprofessional healthcare team members, adding to a select few available instruments measuring negative behavior among interprofessional healthcare workers.
Evidence of Arabic Version of the Control Attitude Scale-Revised Efficacy to Measure Perceived Control in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: AbuRuz Mohannad Eid
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose

Perceived control plays a vital role in controlling negative consequences during disease process. The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Control Attitudes Scale-Revised (CAS-R) among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods

375 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of AMI participated in this study. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlations, and interitem correlations. Construct validity was examined by hypotheses testing.

Results

Cronbach's alpha was .85. All items were homogenous, since item-total correlation coefficients and interitem correlation coefficients were acceptable. Perceived control has a protective effect against anxiety and complications, supporting the construct validity.

Conclusions

The Arabic version of the CAS-R is a valid and reliable instrument to measure perceived control in patients with AMI.
Validation of the Assault (Violence) Response Scale: An Update
Authors: Lanza Marilyn , Schultz Mark
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose

The Assault (Violence) Response Questionnaire has been used widely in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Africa since the 1980s. The purpose is to update the ARQ.

Method

Specifically the ARQ-R has been expanded to include verbal assault and withholding information, more extensively tested for reliability and validity, and shortened.

Results

The scale was reduced from 88 to 33 items and yet had the same high reliability and validity as did the larger scale.

Conclusions

The reduction in size makes it much less time consuming to complete, making it an instrument that very busy nurses can more easily use. The ARQ-R can be used for nurses measuring assault in both hospital and community settings.
Seasonal radial growth of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) from Bosnia and Herzegovina, monitored by the pinning method and manual band dendrometers
Authors: Poljanšek Simon , Jevšenak Jernej , Gričar Jožica , Levanič Tom
Published: September 2019

Despite numerous dendroclimatological investigations into different tree species from Bosnia and Herzegovina, information is lacking on intra-annual wood formation patterns, which would help us to interpret the climate signal in tree rings better. Using the pinning method and manual band dendrometers, we investigated the seasonal dynamics of radial growth of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) trees in two successive growing seasons: 2011 and 2012. The up to 60-year-old trees grew in a stand at the base of a hill in the western, mountainous part of the Balkan Peninsula. The seasonal dynamics of wood formation and final number of cells differed between the studied years. Wood formation started in both years in early to mid-March. Differences were noticed in the wood production culmination; in 2011 it occurred at the end of May and beginning of June in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Xylem growth finished in 2012 in the middle of August and in 2011 in the middle of September. Based on the first derivative of the Gompertz function calculated rate of xylem growth was lowest in 2011. The dendrometers recorded a slow increment rate in spring, higher in summer and a decreasing rate again in the late summer in both growing seasons. In comparison with pinning, dendrometers showed a delay in the start of radial growth of up to 20 days in 2012. Additionally, dendrometers showed an increase in stem girth after the end of both growing seasons, when wood formation was already completed. Deviations between the two methods could be ascribed to the influence of water storage dynamics in the main stem and numerous structural processes in bark tissue, which are captured in dendrometer data. The influence of weather conditions on xylem phenology is also indicated by differences between the two studied years, although it is difficult to identify the influence of particular short-term weather events.
Acidose Tubular Renal Distal: Expressão Clínica Variável na Mesma Família
Authors: Ramos Daniela , Reis Sofia , Cordinhã Carolina , Carmo Carmen do , Gomes Clara , Correia António Jorge
Published: September 2019

A acidose tubular renal distal primária deve-se a um defeito genético caracterizado pela incapacidade de acidificar a urina. A sintomatologia é inespecífica e muito variável. Descrevem-se seis casos de acidose tubular renal distal numa família em que a doença afetou quatro gerações. O primeiro caso foi diagnosticado aos três anos por hematúria e urolitíase. Posteriormente foram estudados a irmã, os dois filhos e dois sobrinhos do caso índex. Apesar de assintomáticos, todos apresentavam nefrocalcinose e acidose metabólica hiperclorémica, à exceção de um caso com gasimetria normal mas com nefrocalcinose e incapacidade de acidificação urinária. Na evolução todos mantiveram nefrocalcinose, o caso índex desenvolveu hipertensão arterial mas nenhum evoluiu para insuficiência renal crónica. O diagnóstico da acidose tubular renal distal autossómica dominante é geralmente mais tardio e com sintomatologia mais ligeira. A doença pode contudo manifestar-se precocemente e com espectro de gravidade variável. O rastreio pela história familiar permite antecipar o diagnóstico e iniciar tratamento mais precocemente.
Doença Metabólica Óssea da Prematuridade em Recém-Nascidos de Muito Baixo Peso: Estudo Observacional Retrospetivo
Authors: Costa Raquel , Franco Catarina , Santos Nádia , Maio Patrícia , Vieira Filipa , Antunes Sónia , Martins Laura , Tuna Madalena Lopo
Published: September 2019

Introdução: A doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade consiste numa diminuição da matriz óssea, relativamente ao nível esperado para a idade gestacional. O rastreio baseia-se no doseamento sérico da fosfatase alcalina e fósforo. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a prevalência da doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade, analisar os aspetos associados a maior risco para esta doença e descrever o crescimento estaturo-ponderal dos recém-nascidos com peso ao nascer inferior a 1500 g, com doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade.Material e Métodos: Estudo multicêntrico, retrospetivo, observacional e descritivo em três unidades de apoio perinatal diferenciado, entre 1 de maio de 2016 e 30 de abril de 2017; foi obtida uma amostra de conveniência de recém-nascidos com muito baixo peso ao nascer. Descrevem-se as variáveis demográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais dos recém-nascidos com e sem doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade.Resultados: Neste estudo foram incluídos 53 recém-nascidos: 30 do sexo masculino, 16 com idade gestacional ≤ 28 semanas. Foram diagnosticados cinco casos de doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade. Neste grupo, a maioria dos doentes era do sexo masculino e apresentavam idade gestacional e peso ao nascer inferior aos do grupo sem doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade. A duração média de nutrição parentérica foi superior nos recém-nascidos com doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade e a relação cálcio/fósforo utilizada foi inferior às recomendações nacionais. A evolução estaturo-ponderal foi semelhante nos recém-nascidos com e sem doença. Nenhum doente com doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade teve intervenção por medicina física e reabilitação.Discussão: A prevalência de doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade foi de 9,43%, valor inferior ao descrito na literatura. Contudo, apenas 50% dos recém-nascidos cumpriram o rastreio de acordo com as recomendações. Os principais fatores de risco identificados estão de acordo com a literatura.Conclusão: A doença metabólica óssea da prematuridade é uma comorbilidade frequente nos recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso, mas encontra-se subdiagnosticada. É fundamental rastrear os recém-nascidos em risco para esta patologia, utilizando marcadores bioquímicos, assim como estruturar intervenções nutricionais e estimulação física para evitar as consequências da doença a curto e longo prazo.
Recommendations from a Portuguese Expert Group for Discontinuation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Clinical Practice
Authors: Almeida Antonio , Pierdomenico Francesca , Guerrero Blanca Polo , Saraiva Filipa , Montalvão Ana , Coutinho Jorge , Mariz Mário , Melo Teresa , Santos Maria João , Pereira Alexandra , Cerveira Nuno
Published: September 2019

Until recently, the main goal of chronic myeloid leukemia therapy was disease control with the best overall survival, which required lifelong treatment. However, currently, the treatment-free remission concept is becoming an important goal in clinical practice, and several tyrosine kinase inhibitors discontinuation studies have shown that  round 50% of patients with a durable deep molecular response beyond major molecular response successfully interrupt tyrosine kinase inhibitors for at least three years without loss of molecular response. However, and regardless of the existing evidence, the exact conditions for attempting treatment-free remission remain poorly defined. Different authors tried to guide the clinical decision regarding this topic but there are some points that differ, namely with respect to the recommended duration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy and the appropriate molecular response prior to treatment-free remission. The goal of this article is to propose an algorithm to guide clinical practice in Portugal concerning chronic phase-chronic myeloid leukemia patients who wish to attempt treatment-free remission, since there are no national guidelines.
O Médico, o Doente Fumador e o Desafio dos Cigarros Eletrónicos
Authors: Boléo-Tomé José Pedro , Pamplona Paula , Rosa Paula , Cordeiro Carlos Robalo
Published: September 2019

N/a.
Fahr’s Syndrome and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: Differential Diagnosis in Neuropsychiatry
Authors: Teodoro Tomás , Oliveira Renato
Published: September 2019

N/a.
Letter to the Editor Regarding the Article: “Chronic Pain Education in Portugal: Perspectives from Medical Students and Interns”
Authors: Amorim Angela Cerqueira
Published: September 2019

N/a.
Vacinas Vivas em Crianças com Síndrome de DiGeorge/Deleção 22q11.2
Authors: Miranda Mariana , Martins Andreia Teixeira , Carvalho Sara , Serra-Caetano Ana , Esteves Isabel , Gonçalo Marques José
Published: September 2019

Introdução: A síndrome de DiGeorge/deleção 22q11.2 pode apresentar um grau variável de imunodeficiência, condicionando a utilização de vacinas vivas. Este estudo teve como objetivo documentar os efeitos adversos de vacinas vivas e possível relação com alterações imunitárias em crianças com síndrome de DiGeorge/deleção 22q11.2 parcial.Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo por revisão dos processos clínicos das crianças com deleção do cromossoma 22q11.2 e fenótipo de síndrome de DiGeorge, seguidos num centro de referência de imunodeficiências primárias. Foi realizada colheita de dados, incluindo: características demográficas; história médica; historial de vacinação com vacinas vivas; contagem de linfócitos T-CD4+ e respostas proliferativas linfocitárias a antigénios e mitogénios; reações adversas; falências vacinais.Resultados: Foram incluídas 23 crianças com síndrome de DiGeorge/deleção 22q11.2, 65,2% do sexo masculino e idade média de diagnóstico de 11,3 meses. Destas, 18 crianças (78%) receberam a vacina bacillus Calmette-Guérin: todas com evidência de atividade tímica; três apresentaram linfopénia T-CD4+ moderada e respostas proliferativas linfocitárias anormais; uma com respostas proliferativas linfocitárias anormais para mitogénios, quatro para derivado de proteína purificada e uma para toxóide tetânico. A vacina tríplice contra o sarampo, parotidite e rubéola foi administrada a 15 crianças, três com imunossupressão moderada e respostas proliferativas linfocitárias anormais. A vacina viva atenuada contra poliomielite foi administrada a quatro crianças sem imunossupressão e a vacina contra o rotavírus a três crianças, uma com imunossupressão moderada. Não foram reportadas reações adversas.Discussão: Estes dados estão de acordo com as conclusões de outros estudos internacionais.Conclusão: Na nossa amostra, as vacinas vivas atenuadas foram bem toleradas, incluindo em crianças com linfopénia T-CD4+ moderada e com respostas proliferativas linfocitárias a antigénios/mitogénios anormais.
Utilization of ceramic waste in the production of Khorasan mortar
Authors: Şengel Hasan Selim , Canbaz Mehmet , Güler Ersin
Published: September 2019

Khorasan mortar was used in almost all of the historical structures in the geographical area of turkey. It is still used in the renovation of these structures. Water, lime, baked clay is used in the production of Khorasan by breaking and grinding. Crushed brick and tiles are preferred as baked clay. In this study, the usability of ceramic wastes as baked clay was investigated. An important part of ceramic production is made especially in Eskişehir and its vicinity. 10% of ceramic production shows up as wastes because of various reasons. These wastes which are under 20 mm are crushed in the jaw breakers and these which are under 150 mm are grinned in grinders, transformed to powder and then mixed with hydrated lime and water in various proportions, in this way Khorasan mortars are obtained. In mortar production, crushed ceramic-ceramic powder ratio, ceramic-lime ratio were changed and the most suitable ratios were tried to be found. Samples taken from these mortars which are 4 cm x 4 cm x 16 cm in size are removed after a day from the mold and kept in humid environment. Physical and mechanical properties such as unit weight, ultrasonic pulse velocity, bending strength, compressive strength of the mortar were determined. As a result of the experiments, the unit weights range was between 1.5–1.65 kg/dm3, the ultrasonic pulse velocity rates range from 1.3–1.9 km/h, the range of bending strengths was from 0.25–1.05 MPa, and compressive strength has changed in the range of 7.5–10.5 MPa. With the work done, it is recommended to use a high percentage of lime while using ceramic wastes in the process of producing Khorasan mortar.
The impact of design approach and contracting practices on cost and execution period of school buildings
Authors: AlMunifi Abdullatif A. , Alameri Ibrahim Abdullah
Published: September 2019

More than two million school-age children in Yemen are unable to enroll in education because of a shortage of school buildings. This is one of the reasons the country missed the Millennium Development Goal of achieving Education for all by 2015. The struggle to afford school accommodation will continue, because of the lack of resources and high unit cost. Construction cost as time schedule for an identical school building vary by the implementing agency. This paper aims to study in-depth this multi-dimensional issue to find out the factors that lead to this variation, as well as the reasons for the high unit cost and lengthy periods of construction. To achieve this objective, comprehensive raw data that was resourced from agencies that are assigned to implement the largest part of the construction program along with data collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were utilized. Complete sets of design and contracting documents of representative schools were used for deeper analysis and evaluation. The analysis shows that the employed design approaches lead to large structural elements and consequently to longer implementation period and 30% increase in cost. It also shows that contractors add up to 20% for the client’s procurement procedure, approvals, and payment cycle. Additionally, bidders price risks related to accessibility to building sites, availability of building materials, and how trouble-prone is the region. The findings are of relevance to researchers, education planners, and practitioners as they are of high importance to policy makers and financiers whose main concern is to meet the growing need for school accommodation.
Parametric investigation for discrete optimal design of a cantilever retaining wall
Authors: Uray Esra , Çarbaş Serdar , Erkan İbrahim Hakkı , Tan Özcan
Published: September 2019

In this paper, discrete design optimization of a cantilever retaining wall has been submitted associated with a detailed parametric study of the wall. In optimal design, the minimum wall weight is treated as the objective function. Through design algorithm, the optimal design variables (base width, toe width, thickness of base slab and angle of front face) yielded minimum structural weight of the wall and satisfied stability conditions have been determined for different soil parameter values. At the end, a detail parametric study searching the effect of change of soil parameters on the retaining wall design has been conducted with 120 optimized wall designs for different values; eight values of the angle of internal friction, three values of the unit volume weight and five values of wall heights. The obtained results from optimization analyses indicate that change of the angle of internal friction more effective than change of the unit volume weight on the optimal wall weight. Economic wall design with optimization analysis is achieved in a shorter time than the traditional method.
Methods of asepsis for in vitro establishment and germination of Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Alcântara Berenice Kussumoto , Brondani Gilvano Ebling , Gonçalves Antônio Natal , Almeida Marcílio de , Azevedo Ricardo Antunes
Published: September 2019

Muitos estudos técnicos e científicos têm sido realizados para a cultura do eucalipto, principalmente no que tange a área da propagação clonal em larga escala. Entretanto, em alguns estudos são necessários a obtenção de materiais assépticos via sementes, e para tal finalidade não se encontram protocolos eficientes de assepsia. Visto essa problemática, o presente estudo teve como objetivo a definição de um protocolo para assepsia de sementes de Eucalyptus grandis para o estabelecimento e germinação in vitro. Foram testados quatro métodos de assepsia utilizando fungicida a base de benomyl, solução hidroalcoólica (70% v/v) e hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl), alternando a ordem de aplicação. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. A porcentagem de estabelecimento e contaminação foram avaliadas ao final do experimento. O melhor método encontrado foi aquele em que se utilizou a sequência de lavagem com água esterilizada seguida de álcool 70% por 30 s, hipoclorito de sódio à 2,5% por 20 min, fungicida a base de benomyl 1% por 20 min e três lavagens com água esterilizada, correspondendo a 87,5% de estabelecimento.
In vitro protocol optimization for development of interspecific hybrids of oil palm (Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) Cortés x Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Alves Sergio Agusto Oliveira , Lemos Oriel Filgueira de , Filho Benedito Gomes dos Santos , Silva André Luís Lopes da
Published: September 2019

O dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis) é a maior fonte de óleo vegetal no mundo. Porém, a doença do amarelecimento fatal está dizimando plantações no estado do Pará, Brasil. Para superar esse problema, híbridos interespecíficos de Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis são uma alternativa viável. Contudo alguns protocolos para o resgate in vitro desses embriões já foram estabelecidos, porém é necessário otimizá-los. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi otimizar o protocolo in vitro para o cultivo de embriões interespecíficos de (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis). A desinfestação das sementes foi realizada com 1 ou 2% de NaOCl por 20 ou 40 minutos. Embriões foram germinados in vitro na presença de 0; 0,1; 0,2 e 0,25% de carvão ativado e embriões foram cultivados na presença do ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4–D) nas concentrações de 375, 500 e 625 μM para a indução de calos. A adição de 2,5% de carvão ativado é necessária para reduzir a oxidação fenólica dos embriões. A desinfestação das sementes pode ser realizada com 1% de NaOCl por 20 minutos. Diferentes variedades possuem diferentes concentrações ideais de 2,4–D para a indução de calos. As melhores concentrações de 2,4–D foram 375 e 625  μM para as variedades SJ-167 e SJ-165, respectivamente.
Plant regeneration of sugarcane cv. RB931003 and RB98710 from somatic embryos and acclimatization
Authors: Dibax Roberson , Alcântara Giovana Bomfim de , Filho João Carlos Bespalhok , Machado Marilia Pereira , Oliveira Yohana de , Silva André Luís Lopes da
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi o estabelecimento de um protocolo de regeneração e aclimatização de plantas de cana-de-açúcar de duas cultivares (RB931003 e RB98710) a partir de embriões somáticos. Para o cultivar RB931003, a concentração de 0,25 mg L-1 de BAP, foi eficiente e proporcionou a indução de brotações em 80% das massas embriogênicas. Já para o cultivar RB98710, as maiores porcentagens de indução de brotações foram observadas na ausência de BAP e na concentração de 0,25 mg L-1 de BAP, os quais promoveram 70% e 75% de brotações nas massas embriogênicas, respectivamente. O meio de cultura MS isento de regulador vegetal apresentou-se adequado para o alongamento e enraizamento das brotações e a utilização do substrato composto por vermiculita mais os sais do meio de cultura MS foi eficiente na aclimatização das plantas de ambos os cultivares analisados.
Inventário de biomassa em um plantio de Pinus elliottii engelm. aos 23 anos de idade
Authors: Giongo Marcos , Silva Damiana Beatriz da , Koehler Henrique Soares , Marchetti Marco
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho estimou a biomassa aérea de um povoamento de Pinus elliotti, com 23 anos de idade, localizado no município de Rio Branco do Sul - PR. Foram avaliadas separadamente a biomassa do fuste, galhos e acículas. A biomassa seca total estimada é composta por 85% de fuste, 10% de galhos e 5% de acículas. O modelo ajustado para a estimativa de biomassa seca aérea total, em função do diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP), apresentou um coeficiente de determinação (R²) de 0,91 e erro padrão da estimativa (Sxy) de 11,98%. Dentre os modelos ajustados para estimar as diferentes porções de biomassa na árvore, o que estima a biomassa do fuste foi o que apresentou melhor relação entre biomassa e o diâmetro à altura do peito.

Palavras-chaves: Modelagem, biomassa, reflorestamentos
Concentrações de ácido indolbutírico no enraizamento de Cryptomeria japonica
Authors: Kratz Dagma , Wendling Ivar , Brondani Gilvano Ebling
Published: September 2019

Cryptomeria japonica é uma conífera de grande porte que se destaca pelo rápido crescimento e o potencial madeireiro. Apesar de poder ser propagada via semente, a propagação vegetativa dessa espécie se justifica pela manutenção das características desejáveis de indivíduos selecionados e, neste tema, estudos científicos são extremamente restritos fora do Japão. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e do álcool no enraizamento de estacas de clones adultos de Cryptomeria japonica. Estacas de três clones de nove anos foram desinfestadas e submetidas aos tratamentos: T1 = 0 mg L-1; T2 = água + álcool (1:1 v/v); T3 = 2.000 mg L-1 de AIB; T4 = 4.000 mg L-1 de AIB e T5 = 8.000 mg L-1 de AIB. Verificou-se variação entre os clones quanto as características avaliadas, apresentando baixo nível de enraizamento, independente das concentrações de AIB avaliadas. A concentração que apresentou os melhores resultados foi a de 4.000 mg.L-1 de AIB, com 22,9% de enraizamento para o clone 2.
PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DI PONDOK PESANTREN DARUNNAJAH JAKARTA (STUDI ETNOGRAFI)
Authors: Siddiq Mohammad
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman mengenai proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah Jakarta. Fokus pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tiga komponen utama yaitu, space, actor dan activity yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Para pendidik di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah memandang bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa agama Islam dan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa internasional. Pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah memiliki dua pendekatan, yaitu pembelajaran yang bersifat formal dan non formal. Melalui rangkaian aktivitas pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan kedua pendekatan tersebut telah menghasilkan suatu kondisi lingkungan kebahasaan yang dapat mendorong para santri untuk terus mengadakan kontak bahasa dengan bahasa Arab sehingga mengasah kemampuan menyimak, berbicara, membaca dan menulis serta dapat memunculkan rasa kebahasaan (dzauq) santri terhadap bahasa Arab.
تَوَقُّفُ فَهْمِ نصوص الوحي على معرفة العربيَّة أمثلة تطبيقية على المستويات الأربع: (الصوت والبنية والتركيب والدلالة).
Authors: السلميِّ ياسر بن عبد العزيز بن عوض
Published: September 2019

This article reports the significance of Arabic phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics in understanding the texts of The Holy Quran and the Prophet Mohammedâ€™s says (peace be up him). It presents a variety of phonological, morphological, syntactical and semantic examples to illustrate their significance to correctly understand the meaning of the holy texts. It was concluded that it is very vital to put all these four linguistic levels in the consideration to understand the correct interpretation of the texts especially when it comes to teaching Arabic to non-native speakers
التدريس الفعّال لمهارة المحادثة للمستوى المتقدم
Authors: السعدي عثمان بن موسى
Published: September 2019

The aim of this research is to present my experience in teaching the advanced level of conversational skills in the Sultan Qaboos College for teaching Arabic to other speakers using the effective teaching method to deal with questions such as: What will I do when I teach the advanced level of conversation and how will I study it? Will the topics be exciting for motivation in different classroom situations? Will the conversation be effective in the classroom and beyond? The study concluded with the importance of providing the participants in the teaching of Arabic to foreigners with practical experience, mechanisms and interactive methods, and to fill some of the shortage in this field of knowledge and by following the descriptive analytical approach. It also included the topics studied in this experiment. The most important conclusion: The importance of correct assessment of students before starting to teach the best way to success Effective teaching, patience is also necessary for successful linguistic production, in addition to motivation as well as the synergy of methods and principles of effective teaching all leads to the integration of the student gradually in the Leah classroom and with his colleagues and with the environment is not class later
FINANCIAL STRUCTURE FOUNDATION OF THE URBAN– RURAL INCOME GAP IN CHINA: AN INVESTIGATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE DOUBLE DUAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Wang Quan-JIng , Feng Gen-Fu , Chang Chun-Ping
Published: September 2019

This article is an empirical analysis of the relations between financial structure and theurban–rural income gap (URIG) in China’s economic transition, based on the country’sdouble dual structure. We employ data of 31 provinces in China from 2001 to 2016 toempirically study the influence of financial structure on the URIG. We find an invertedU-shaped relation between financial scale and the URIG, a positive impact of urbanand rural financial structure on the URIG, and an inverted U-shaped relation betweenthe mismatch of financial resources and the URIG. These findings show that selectionof the optimal proportion of the state-owned economy through ownership reform andthe promotion of financial development and optimization of the allocation of financialresources are two effective ways to reduce the URIG.
Upper Devonian (Frasnian) stromatactis-bearing mud mounds, western Alberta, Canada: reef framework dominated by peloidal microcrystalline calcite
Authors: Zhou Kai , Pratt Brian R.
Published: September 2019

Two well-preserved mud mounds, approximately 50 m thick, in the Mount Hawk Formation (Upper Devonian, Frasnian) in western Alberta provide an unparalleled opportunity to study the microstructure of this reef type in detail for this time interval. This reveals that they are composed dominantly of peloidal sediments—more than a quarter of mud mound volume—along with dense micrite, particulate micrite, bioclasts, and stromatactis cavities. Five types of peloids are differentiated: bacterial, cyanobacterial, bioclastic, intraclastic, and pseudo-peloids. Bacterial peloids were generated by bacterial metabolic activities with possibly some contribution from organomineralization in areas within spicular networks. Three subtypes of cyanobacterial peloids are distinguished based on whether they are physically reworked calcified filaments, aggregates of calcified coccoids, or precipitated within stromatolite-forming cyanobacterial mats or biofilms. Bioclastic peloids are fully micritized fragments of skeletons and shells. Intraclastic peloids are eroded fragments of early-lithified matrix. Pseudo-peloids represent artifacts of poorly preserved sponge spicular networks reflecting the interplay between dissolution of spicules and organomineralization. The distribution of the various peloid types shows specificity in different microfacies. They prove to be valuable paleoecological indicators, and taken together suggest that the mud mounds accreted within the photic zone above storm wave base but below the fair-weather wave base, during deposition of a transgressive and perhaps highstand systems tracts. They are the products reflecting a dynamic balance between constructional versus destructive processes. Bacterial peloids combined with dense micrite constitute the framework, which in turn makes up close to 40% of the mud mounds. This indicates that microbial activities are responsible for the early-indurated framework. The onset of bacterial peloid formation in the bedded sediment immediately underlying the mud mounds further demonstrates that it may have been a necessary precursor to mud-mound initiation. Bacterial peloids appear to characterize most Paleozoic and Mesozoic reefal mud mounds as an essential framework element.
Dual use of alternative forms of cigarettes and traditional smoked tobacco in Pregnant Smokers
Authors: Bertani Andre , Tanni Suzana Erico , Godoy Irma
Published: September 2019

Background to assess the prevalence of concomitant use of alternative forms of tobacco and analyze tobacco smoking characteristics in pregnant women. Methods: 127 pregnant women who smoked conventional cigarettes were evaluated during prenatal care. Those signing the informed consent form responded to a specific questionnaire containing questions related to general characteristics, comorbidities, gestational history, smoking history, secondhand smoke, degree of nicotine dependence, motivation stage and the prevalence of concomitant use of alternative forms of tobacco. They were separated into those who smoked conventional cigarettes only and those who smoked conventional cigarettes associated with straw cigarettes, waterpipe and/or e-cigarettes. Results: Mean age was 26.9 ± 6.6 years, most had only elementary education and belonged to economic classes C and D. Diagnosis of pulmonary disease was reported by 23.6% and cardiovascular diseases by 53.5%. Twenty-five (19.6%) smoked conventional cigarettes only and 102 also smoked alternative forms of tobacco. Those who smoked only conventional cigarettes had significantly lower smoke-load than those using alternative forms of tobacco. Those who smoked conventional cigarettes and waterpipe had higher nicotine dependence than other groups. Secondhand smoking was common (82.6%) and 59.1% were contemplative in relation to cessation. Conclusions: The prevalence of alternative tobacco forms is high and factors such as smoking during previous pregnancy, alcohol consumption during current pregnancy and high smoke-load may have contributed to the maintenance of smoking in the gestational period.
Evaluation study of using ampicillin susceptibility to predict imipenem susceptibility of E. faecalis and E. faecium
Authors: guo lanfang , Yin Dandan , Guo Yan , Zheng Yonggui , Shi Qingyu , Yang Yang , Zhu Demei , Hu Fupin
Published: September 2019

Objective: To evaluate ampicillin to predict activity of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to imipenem.
Methods: A total of 127 non-duplicated strains of Enterococcus faecalis and 124 strains of Enterococcus faecium were collected from 23 hospitals in China. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determinated using broth microdilution and disk diffusion.
Results: For all E. faecalis , when using penicillin/ampicillin results to predict susceptibility to imipenem (called as penicillin-imipenem prediction mode and amipicillin-imipenem mode), the categorical agreement (CA) and major error (ME) rate was 88.9%/95.3% and 6.3%/0%, whereas it was 89.7%/96.8% and 8.7%/1.6%, when using that results of disk diffusion, respectively. No very major error (VME) rate was founded for both prediction modes. For penicillin susceptible, ampicillin susceptible E. faecalis , the CA rate of ampicillin-imipenem prediction mode based on results from broth microdilution and disk diffusion to was both 100%, and neither was founded with VME or ME rate. For penicillin resistant, ampicillin susceptible E. faecalis , the CA rate of ampicillin-imipenem prediction mode based on results from broth microdilution and disk diffusion was 57.1% and 81.8%, respectively. And neither was founded with VME or ME rate. For penicillin resistant, ampicillin resistant E. faecalis , the CA/ME/VME rate of ampicillin-imipenem prediction mode based on results from broth microdilution and disk diffusion was 100%/0%/0% and 77.8%/22.2%/0%, respectively. For all E. faecium , the CA rate of penicillin-imipenem and ampicillin-imipenem prediction mode based on results from broth microdilution was 100% and 99.2%, and it was both 99.2% based on results from disk diffusion. ME and VME rate for all four prediction modes was 0%. For penicillin resistant, ampicillin resistant E. faecium , the CA rate was 100%, as well as penicillin susceptible, ampicillin susceptible E. faecium . None of prediction mode was found with ME or VME rate.
Conclusion: For penicillin susceptible, ampicillin susceptible or penicillin resistant, ampicillin resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium , ampicillin susceptibility results of broth microdilution could accurately predict in vitro activity of imipenem. However, for penicillin resistant, ampicillin susceptible E. faecalis and E. faecium , using ampicillin results to predict imipemem susceptibility of was poorly consistent.