bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Satellite-Based Global Climatology of Dust Aerosol Optical Depth
Authors: Voss Kara K. , Evan Amato T.
Published: November 2019

By mass, dust is the largest contributor to global aerosol burden, yet long-term observational records of dust, particularly over the ocean, are limited. Here, two nearly global observational datasets of dust aerosol optical depthτdare created primarily on the basis of optical measurements of the aerosol column from 1) the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard theTerrasatellite spanning from 2001 to 2018 and 2) the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) from 1981 to 2018. The quality of the new data is assessed by comparison with existing dust datasets that are spatially more limited. Between 2001 and 2018,τddecreased over Asia and increased significantly over the Sahara, Middle East, and parts of eastern Europe, with the largest increase found over the Aral Sea where emissive playa surfaces have been exposed. These daily, observational, and nearly global records of dust will allow for improvement in understanding the role of dust in climate variability.
Bias Correction of Global High-Resolution Precipitation Climatologies Using Streamflow Observations from 9372 Catchments
Authors: Beck Hylke E. , Wood Eric F. , McVicar Tim R. , Zambrano-Bigiarini Mauricio , Alvarez-Garreton Camila , Baez-Villanueva Oscar M. , Sheffield Justin , Karger Dirk N.
Published: November 2019

We introduce a set of global high-resolution (0.05°) precipitation (P) climatologies corrected for bias using streamflow (Q) observations from 9372 stations worldwide. For each station, we inferred the “true” long-termPusing a Budyko curve, which is an empirical equation relating long-termP,Q, and potential evaporation. We subsequently calculated long-term bias correction factors for three state-of-the-artPclimatologies [the “WorldClim version 2” database (WorldClim V2); Climatologies at High Resolution for the Earth’s Land Surface Areas, version 1.2 (CHELSA V1.2 ); and Climate Hazards Group Precipitation Climatology, version 1 (CHPclim V1)], after which we used random-forest regression to produce global gap-free bias correction maps for thePclimatologies. Monthly climatological bias correction factors were calculated by disaggregating the long-term bias correction factors on the basis of gauge catch efficiencies. We found that all three climatologies systematically underestimatePover parts of all major mountain ranges globally, despite the explicit consideration of orography in the production of each climatology. In addition, all climatologies underestimatePat latitudes >60°N, likely because of gauge undercatch. Exceptionally high long-term correction factors (>1.5) were obtained for all threePclimatologies in Alaska, High Mountain Asia, and Chile—regions characterized by marked elevation gradients, sparse gauge networks, and significant snowfall. Using the bias-corrected WorldClim V2, we demonstrated that other widely usedPdatasets (GPCC V2015, GPCP V2.3, and MERRA-2) severely underestimatePover Chile, the Himalayas, and along the Pacific coast of North America. MeanPfor the global land surface based on the bias-corrected WorldClim V2 is 862 mm yr−1(a 9.4% increase over the original WorldClim V2). The annual and monthly bias-correctedPclimatologies have been released as the Precipitation Bias Correction (PBCOR) dataset, which is available online (http://www.gloh2o.org/pbcor/).
Product Quality Index: A New Way to Classify Intra-industry Trade
Authors: Burange L. G. , Kelkar Hemangi K.
Published: November 2019

The increasing intra-industry trade (IIT) gives an impetus to theoretical foundations of new trade theories. For the empirical assessment, the measurement and segregation of IIT become very essential. On the basis of quality of product, IIT is segregated into two parts. First is based on qualitative differentiation of the products known as vertical IIT (VIIT) and the second is based on the differentiation of the products called as horizontal IIT (HIIT). The work of Greenaway, Hine, and Milner (1994, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 130(1), 77–100), Fontagné and Freudenberg (1997, Intra-industry trade: Methodological issues reconsidered, Paris: Centre d’Études Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales) and Azhar and Elliott (2006, Review of World Economics, 142(3), 476–495) are some of the milestones in the methodological development of IIT. However, these methods are not free from certain shortcomings. Thus, the article attempts to extend the measurement technique with product quality index (PQI) to overcome the existing shortcomings such as arbitrariness of dispersion limit and bias in the classification of IIT into HIIT and VIIT.

JEL Code: F140
Employee Voice, Intention to Quit, and Conflict Resolution: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Van Gramberg Bernadine , Teicher Julian , Bamber Greg J. , Cooper Brian
Published: November 2019

The authors provide novel insights on employee voice and employees’ intentions to quit after conflict situations. They analyze a survey of employees in Australia to consider two research questions: What are the relationships between employee voice at work, dispute resolution, and intention to quit? Does the type of dispute affect these relationships? Findings show that employee voice is associated with successful dispute resolution, which reduces employees’ intentions to quit. Further, employee voice has the additional benefit of directly reducing intentions to quit, besides its indirect effect of helping to resolve disputes at work. Results also indicate that regardless of the level of voice at work, those who report bullying claims are less likely to find resolution. The authors provide recommendations for improving workplace dispute resolution that they believe offer mutual gains for stakeholders.
Decision-Maker and Context Effects in Employment Arbitration
Authors: Gough Mark D. , Colvin Alexander J. S.
Published: November 2019

Using a novel survey of 274 employment arbitrators, this study investigates how decision-maker characteristics and the context of the arbitration proceeding affect employee outcomes. The authors analyze the predictors of settlement before an arbitrator award and, if no settlement is reached, the likelihood that an employee will receive a favorable verdict after a full hearing. Findings show that pre-arbitration dispute resolution procedures, such as mediation, have significant effects on settlement behavior and employee outcomes. The characteristics of the presiding arbitrator as well as the structure of the arbitration proceeding also influence employee outcomes at trial. This study contributes to the existing literature by describing the characteristics of employment arbitrators—an underexplored actor in industrial relations. In addition, it analyzes case outcomes, including settlements, across multiple arbitration forums and with more rigorous controls than those applied in existing data sets.
The effect of high TiC particle content on the tensile cracking and corrosion behavior of Al–5Cu matrix composites
Authors: Dikici Burak , Bedir Fevzi , Gavgali Mehmet
Published: November 2019

The high-TiC particle volume fraction on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the A–5Cu matrix composites were investigated with porosity, hardness, tensile tests, and polarization measurements. The composites reinforced with 18, 27, and 50 vol% TiC particulates were produced successfully by using hot-pressing technique under Ar atmosphere and characterized by scanning electron microscope, electron dispersive spectroscope, and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion susceptibilities of the composites were compared with potentiodynamic scanning technique. It was found that the hardness of the composites increases while the fracture strength decreases with increasing TiC reinforcement content in the matrix. The corrosion susceptibilities of 18 and 27 vol% TiC-reinforced composites are almost the same; the corrosion rate of 50 vol% TiC-reinforced composite was approximately 10 times higher than the composites reinforced with 18 and 27 vol% TiC particles in the 3.5% NaCl. In addition, some preferential corrosion attacks were detected at TiC/matrix interfaces and in TiC clusters during the corrosion process of the composites. Therefore, the porosity content in the composites was almost the same level.
Laudato Si’: caring beyond limits with a cosmocentric world vision
Authors: Sequeira Cinderella
Published: November 2019

The aim of this article is to reflect on the necessity of building a new approach to perceive nature from the perspective of a cosmocentric world in the light of the papal document Laudato Si’. Laudato Si’ made its appearance at a very crucial point in human history, when human beings are in the process of plunging towards and into a technocentric space. We now stand on the threshold of a techno-centric world where our future generations will be born into the age of technology. We are the ones who shoulder the responsibility of moulding their perspectives towards a cosmocentric universe.
Urban conditions for the rise of the far right in the global city of Frankfurt: From austerity urbanism, post-democracy and gentrification to regressive collectivity
Authors: Mullis Daniel
Published: November 2019

In Germany, the electoral success of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party is one of the most obvious signs of the rise of the far right. In public debates this tends to be associated with Eastern Germany and rural regions. What is neglected is the fact that the party was also remarkably successful in less privileged urban districts across Germany. In this paper I focus on the urban conditions for the rise of the far right. I do so by presenting first results of ethnographic research in two neighbourhoods of Frankfurt am Main. Both – Riederwald and Nied – are marginalised and the AfD gained considerable support there in the 2017 general elections. In the accounts given in 14 expert interviews I identify three crucial urban processes: austerity urbanism, post-democracy and gentrification. Relating them to findings of long-term studies on right-wing attitudes as well as to the concept of ‘downward mobility’, I argue that these processes increase the competition for resources and strengthen feelings of being left behind as well as experiences of being abandoned by political representatives – which are driving forces for the rise of the far right. And yet these experiences alone do not provide sufficient reason to explain the rise of the far right. They are general processes in the neighbourhoods. However, it seems that intersections with existing group-focused enmities drive a shift from social to regressive collectivity, which raises the potential for far-right political subjectification.
Eosinophilic Granuloma: Bilateral Temporal Bone Involvement
Authors: Barton Chester P. , Horlbeck Drew
Published: November 2019

Eosinophilic granuloma is an uncommon condition that is characterized by unifocal or multifocal osteolytic lesions that often affect the skull. Unilateral lesions of the temporal bone are not uncommon, but bilateral temporal bone lesions are rare. In fact, to the best of our knowledge, fewer than 20 such cases have been reported during the past 40 years. We report a new case of bilateral temporal bone eosinophilic granuloma, and we review the disease process and its treatment.
Dislocation of the Turbinate: A Rare Complication of Middle Turbinate Surgery
Authors: Khalil Hisham S. , Naraghi Arash H. , Nunez Desmond A.
Published: November 2019

We describe a rare complication of turbinate surgery—dislocation of the turbinate—in a woman who had undergone surgical treatment for nasal obstruction 10 years earlier. Removal of the displaced yet still-viable turbinate resulted in resolution of her symptoms.
Burkitt's Lymphoma of the Base of the Tongue: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Feinberg Steven M. , Ou S.H. Ignatius , Gu Mai , Shibuya Terry Y.
Published: November 2019

Burkitt's lymphoma is a highly aggressive, mature B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is rare outside Africa. We report a case of Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as a rapidly expanding tongue-base mass that caused airway obstruction in an 80-year-old Palestinian man living in California. According to our review of the literature, this is only the third reported case of Burkitt's lymphoma arising in the base of the tongue. We also discuss the incidence, epidemiology, genetics, prognosis, and treatment of this malignancy. Because Burkitt's lymphoma is one of the fastest-growing tumors in humans, rapid diagnosis and treatment are important. Treatment involves brief-duration, high-intensity chemotherapy and central nervous system prophylaxis. It is important for the otolaryngologist to recognize this disease and to understand the steps necessary to treat this aggressive tumor.
Silver nasal sprays: Misleading Internet marketing
Authors: Gaslin Michael T. , Rubin Cory , Pribitkin Edmund A.
Published: November 2019

Long-term use of silver-containing products is associated with a permanent bluish-gray discoloration of the skin known as argyria, but they remain widely available despite several measures by the FDA to regulate them. Several recent case reports have described the occurrence of argyria as a result of using these “natural” products. We used the five most common Internet search engines to find Web sites providing information on silver-containing nasal sprays. Of 49 Web sites analyzed, only 2 (4%) mentioned argyria as a possible complication, although 30 (61 %) did caution against long-term use. Eight sites (16%) made specific claims about the health benefits of the product. All 49 sites (100%) provided direct or indirect links to buy silver-containing nasal sprays. We conclude that information about silver-containing nasal sprays on the Internet is misleading and inaccurate. Therefore, otolaryngologists should be aware of the misinformation their patients may be receiving about these products.
A Study of Persistent Unilateral Middle Ear Effusion Caused by Occult Skull Base Lesions
Authors: Leonetti John P.
Published: November 2019

The goal of this article is to review a series of patients with persistent unilateral middle ear effusion (MEE) and to suggest a more contemporary diagnostic algorithm. The author conducted a retrospective chart review of adults with persistent unilateral MEE and normal findings on physical and nasopharyngoscopic examinations whose MEE was eventually found to be caused by a variety of occult skull base lesions. The study population was made up of 79 patients—52 women and 27 men, aged 21 to 83 (mean: 54.8) at presentation—who had been referred to an academic tertiary care medical center between July 1, 1988, and June 30, 2008. Follow-up ranged from 9 months to 19.5 years (mean: 8.7 yr). Of this group, 50 patients (63.3%) had a malignant tumor, 26 (32.9%) had a benign tumor, and 3 (3.8%) had an internal carotid artery aneurysm. Eustachian tube occlusion had been caused by diffuse invasion in 33 patients (41.8%), by intracranial pathology in 24 (30.4%), and by extracranial-infratemporal lesions in 22 (27.8%). Nasopharyngoscopy cannot identify a variety of rare skull base lesions that cause eustachian tube compression or tissue invasion that ultimately leads to MEE. Therefore, patients with unexplained persistent unilateral MEE should undergo coronal magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography to look for any intra- or extracranial lesions before undergoing ventilation tube placement.
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis of the Oropharynx
Authors: Gupta Saroj , Gupta O. P.
Published: November 2019

A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting as midline granuloma has been reported because of the rarity and rapidly fatal course of the disease. The lesion primarily occupied the oropharynx, affecting the posterior pharyngeal wall, uvula, and posterior third of the tongue and extending on to the larynx to invade arytenoid cartilage, true and false vocal cords, and piriform fossa on the right side, with associated intestinal involvement.
Can We Quantify Ethical Consumption?: Reflections on a Decade-Long Exercise in Public Sociology
Authors: Jones Ellis
Published: November 2019

In order to contribute to the ongoing discussion of the evolving nature of public sociology, this article reflects on a public sociology research project a decade after presenting it as part of the keynote for the 2009 Annual Conference for the Association for Humanist Sociology. The Better World Shopper project focuses on quantifying 32 years of social and environmental responsibility data on 2,204 companies into numerical values that are then translated into A–F grades for the public through a regularly updated book, smartphone app, and website. Rooted in social movements theory and the growing literature on ethical consumerism, the methodology for the project is discussed in detail, including how data are weighted, updated, and an evaluation of how various biases are addressed throughout the analysis. The project is offered up as one example of how humanist sociology and public sociology can overlap in ways that can generate much needed conversations outside of academe.
Transforming multiple visual surveys of a natural environment into time-lapses
Authors: Griffith Shane , Dellaert Frank , Pradalier Cédric
Published: November 2019

This article presents a new framework to help transform visual surveys of a natural environment into time-lapses. As data association across year-long variation in appearance continues to represent a formidable challenge, we present success with a map-centric approach, which builds on 3D vision for visual data association. We use a foundation of map point priors and geometric constraints within a dense correspondence image alignment optimization to align images and acquire loop closures between surveys. This framework produces many loop closures between sessions. Outlier loop closures are filtered in the frontend and in the backend to improve robustness. From the result map, the Reprojection Flow algorithm is applied to create time-lapses.

The evaluation of our framework on the Symphony Lake Dataset, which has considerable variation in appearance, led to year-long time-lapses of many different scenes. In comparison with another approach based on using iterative closest point (ICP) plus a homography, our framework produced more and better-quality alignments. With many scenes of the 1.3 km environment consistently aligning well in random image pairs, we next produced 100 time-lapses across 37 surveys captured in a year. Approximately one-third had at least 20 (out of usually 33) well-aligned images, which spanned all four seasons. With promising results, we evaluated the pose error of misaligned image pairs and found that improving map consistency could lead to even better results.
Tolvaptan in reversing worsening acute heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Lili , Zhang Qianhui , Liu Meixia , Chen Shuxia , Han Shuang , Li Jing , Du Rongpin
Published: November 2019

Objective

In this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare efficacy and clinical outcomes of tolvaptan in treating acute heart failure (AHF).

Methods

Using MEDLINE, we searched relevant clinical studies using tolvaptan that investigated clinical effects in treating AHF. We performed meta-analysis for potentially extractable clinical outcomes such as body weight reduction, change in serum sodium levels, and clinical or safety events including worsening heart failure, worsening renal function (WRF), all-cause mortality, rehospitalization, and dyspnea improvement.

Results

The results showed that tolvaptan significantly reduced body weight (mean change: −1.28 kg, 95% credible interval (CI): −1.58–0.98), increased serum sodium levels (mean change: 3.48 mmol/L; 95% Cl: 3.22–3.74), and improved dyspnea function (odds ratio (OR): 1.43; 95% CI: 1.26–1.62) versus conventional therapy. The event risk of WRF was also significantly reduced (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15–0.80). Low, intermediate, and high tolvaptan doses did not reduce mortality and rehospitalization risks. No significant publication bias was observed regarding effects on mortality and rehospitalization.

Conclusion

Current evidence indicates that using tolvaptan as add-on therapy can decrease body weight, increase sodium levels, improve dyspnea function, and reverse WRF, which may circumvent loop diuretics overdose and improve outcomes in patients with AHF.
Social reproduction, finance and the gendered dimensions of pawnbroking
Authors: Roberts Adrienne , Zulfiqar Ghazal
Published: November 2019

While the feminist literature on social reproduction is broad and diverse, one area that has remained relatively under-explored relates to the linkages between social reproduction and finance, particularly between social reproduction and household debt. In our contribution to this Special Issue, we seek to document and to analyse the structural linkages between social reproduction and debt, with a specific focus on pawnbroking in early modern England and contemporary Pakistan. We have four main aims in this article. Our first aim is to contribute to feminist theorizing about social reproduction by showing both how the daily and generational reproduction of households has relied upon historically specific forms of credit and how these social relations of credit/debt have been central to the development and reproduction of capitalism in different times and places. Second, we show how particular forms of ‘everyday finance’ are gendered and, specifically, how they are feminized. Our third aim is to elucidate the relationship between pawn loans, which have received almost no attention from feminist or other critical political economists, and the social reproduction of households in England and Pakistan. Fourth, we elucidate some of the gendered implications of the growing incursion of masculinized capitalist finance into new spaces of everyday life.
Beyond Parental Control: Designing Adolescent Online Safety Apps Using Value Sensitive Design
Authors: Badillo-Urquiola Karla , Chouhan Chhaya , Chancellor Stevie , De Choudhary Munmun , Wisniewski Pamela
Published: November 2019

Parental control applications are designed to help parents monitor their teens and protect them from online risks. Generally, parents are considered the primary stakeholders for these apps; therefore, the apps often emphasize increased parental control through restriction and monitoring. By taking a developmental perspective and a Value Sensitive Design approach, we explore the possibility of designing more youth-centric online safety features. We asked 39 undergraduate students in the United States to create design charrettes of parental control apps that would better represent teens as stakeholders. As emerging adults, students discussed the value tensions between teens and parents and designed features to reduce and balance these tensions. While they emphasized safety, the students also designed to improve parent-teen communication, teen autonomy and privacy, and parental support. Our research contributes to the adolescent online safety literature by presenting design ideas from emerging adults that depart from the traditional paradigm of parental control. We also make a pedagogical contribution by leveraging design charrettes as a classroom tool for engaging college students in the design of youth-centered apps. We discuss why features that support parent-teen cooperation, teen privacy, and autonomy may be more developmentally appropriate for adolescents than existing parental control app designs.
Gender and the Effect of Disciplinary Segregation on Prison Misconduct
Authors: Labrecque Ryan M. , Mears Daniel P. , Smith Paula
Published: November 2019

Scholars and policymakers have advanced different arguments for why restrictive housing may improve or worsen inmate behavior, yet few studies exist that assess the impact of this housing on such outcomes. This study draws upon prior theory and research to hypothesize that inmate adjustment will worsen after placement in disciplinary segregation among a 3-year admission cohort of inmates from a large Midwestern state department of corrections ( N = 40,979), and further that this effect will be more harmful to men. The results of our propensity score matching analyses reveal the use of disciplinary segregation is associated with a greater probability of misconduct among men and has no appreciable effect on women. These findings challenge the view that disciplinary segregation is an effective strategy for improving inmate behavior in prison. This work further highlights the need for continued research on the utility of restrictive housing.
Corporate Social Responsibility on Wild Public Networks: Communicating to Disparate and Multivocal Stakeholders
Authors: Dawson Veronica R. , Brunner Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

On December 4, 2017, Patagonia launched its “The President Stole Your Land” initiative on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. In so doing, the longtime corporate social responsibility (CSR) leader entered social media in a deliberately inflammatory and political manner. This initiative defies the principles of CSR often touted in the literature and provides for an intriguing case study. We engage in a close textual reading of initiative materials and identify discursive traces to gain insight into the paradoxical workings of CSR in the context of a hypermediated environment. Through analysis of how Patagonia harnesses wide-ranging and contradictory public input, we identify a strategy of communicating CSR to stakeholders with disparate interests. By exploring the intersection of organizational communication, rhetorical studies, and media theory, this article examines the discursive strategies afforded and precluded by wild public networks. We offer three wild public provocations as new discursive tactics for CSR practitioners.
The assumption of privilege? Expectations on emotions when growing up in the Norwegian Foreign Service
Authors: Bjørnsen Ragnhild Holmen
Published: November 2019

Based on 42 autobiographies of former Norwegian Foreign Service children, this article aims to highlight how cultural narratives of global elite migration can intersect with local family emotion-regulation practices and enter into the body of a Third Culture Kid’s experience. It asks how a mismatch between emotions as culturally expected and emotions as experienced affected them. Narrative analysis showed how the children interpreted cultural symbols into feeling-rules that created an emotional estrangement towards their caregivers as well as within themselves.
The place of psychology in Whittaker’s circular classification of the sciences
Authors: Fedorov Alexandr A.
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the place of psychology in Whittaker’s circular classification of the sciences. It is shown that it was Thomas Whittaker who undertook the first attempt to build a closed circular scheme on the basis of a linear series of sciences in 1903, fifteen years before Piaget. Whittaker decomposed psychology into two independent fundamental sciences (animal psychology and human psychology) and was able to preserve psychology’s connection with philosophy, social, and natural sciences. Whittaker’s approach shows that psychology may not be a holistic science. The fruitfulness of this approach is related to the fact that considering “psychological sciences” as different disciplines we are not obliged to construct a single subject matter of psychology.
Variation of the summer Asian westerly jet over the last millennium based on the PMIP3 simulations
Authors: Jiang Nanxuan , Yan Qing , Wang Huijun
Published: November 2019

Investigation of the evolution of summer Asian westerly jet (AWJ) in Earth history may deepen our understanding of the behavior of AWJ in the present and future. Here, the variation of summer westerlies and the associated mechanisms over West and East Asia are examined using the last millennium simulations from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase III (PMIP3). The multimodel ensemble mean of 11 PMIP3 models reproduces the spatial distribution of modern zonal wind at 200 hPa and captures the location and intensity of the summer AWJ well. The results illustrate that the location of summer westerlies over West and East Asia shows no clear long-term trend over the last millennium, whereas there is an enhancing trend for the intensity, but with significant interannual and multidecadal variability. Summer westerlies over West Asia mainly oscillate within ~25-year band in terms of the location and intensity, while the principal periodicity over East Asia oscillate within ~25- and ~15-year band, respectively. Moreover, summer AWJ broadly moves poleward and weakens during the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’ (MCA, AD 1000–1200) relative to the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA, AD 1400–1600), which is attributed to the reduced meridional temperature gradient during the MCA. This poleward shift is consistent with the reconstructed moisture conditions over Central Asia, but the lack of direct proxy for westerlies restricts detailed model–data comparisons. Nevertheless, a possible scenario is presented on the spatiotemporal variation of summer AWJ over the last millennium, which may shed light on the response of the AWJ to natural forcings.
Complex responses of phototrophic communities to climate warming during the Holocene of northeastern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Elmslie Brett G , Gushulak Cale AC , Boreux Maxime P , Lamoureux Scott F , Leavitt Peter R , Cumming Brian F
Published: November 2019

Historical changes in Holocene climate in northeastern Ontario were quantified using analyses of sedimentary pollen, diatoms, and pigments in a small boreal lake. Modern analog reconstructions of average temperature from Holocene pollen assemblages of Charland Lake showed temperature was ~2°C warmer than present conditions ~7800–4500 cal. yr BP, a time period consistent with the Holocene thermal maximum (HTM). Pollen data suggest a two-phase HTM: warm and dry conditions based on the presence of primarily Pinus spp., followed by warm and wet conditions based on increases in cedar. Overall, algal production was low during the HTM, as reflected by low concentrations of pigments and diatoms. In the late HTM, increases in cedar pollen and planktonic diatoms suggest sustained increases in water levels for the remainder of the Holocene. During the Post-HTM Period (~4500–2000 cal. yr BP), a period that was warmer than today but cooler than the HTM, overall pigment production was significantly higher than all other periods. However, changes in diatom species composition suggest this period was not uniform, with variation occurring between diatoms indicative of higher and lower nutrient levels. The last ~2000 cal. yr BP was less productive than the Post-HTM Period but more productive than the HTM with higher production from diatoms and cyanobacteria. This study suggests that the relationship between climate and lake water production can be quite complex, and that changes in temperature, precipitation, light, lake levels, and mixing patterns are among factors that are related to changes in subfossil phototroph assemblages.
Sir Marc Armand Ruffer, MD: The early years, 1878–1896
Authors: DePaolo Charles
Published: November 2019

A founder of paleopathology, the study of disease in ancient human remains, Sir Marc Armand Ruffer, MD (1859–1917) served in Egypt, from 1896 to 1917, as a public-health administrator, epidemiologist, and pathologist. He was professor of Bacteriology at the Cairo Medical School, President of the Sanitary, Maritime, and Quarantine Council, member of the Indian Plague Commission, and author or co-author of 40 papers in palaeopathology. However, little is known of his early professional life, which encompassed his education, medical training, and research in England and France. The pre-Egyptian period, 1878 to 1896, was a time of extraordinary activity. Acquiring four academic Degrees at Oxford University and clinical experience at the University College Hospital, London (1878–1889), he was the clinical assistant of Louis Pasteur during the anti-rabies campaign (autumn 1889), interim President of the British Institute of Preventive Medicine (1893–1896), and immunology researcher (1890–1895), in London and Paris, under the guidance of Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916). Ruffer developed the diphtheria antitoxin in Britain. In addition to a dissertation on hydrocephalus, he composed or co-authored 34 papers. A prolific writer, linguist, clinician, and administrator, he explored several medical sub-disciplines before concentrating on palaeopathology.
Study of Awareness and Practice of Informed Consent Process Among Clinical Trial Participants and Their Motives Behind Participation
Authors: Ranjan Rajesh , Agarwal Nidhi B. , Kapur Prem , Marwah Amit , Parveen Rizwana
Published: November 2019

Process to obtain informed consent is an essential component in research involving human subjects. However, much is not known about the level of awareness participants have about optimal consenting process and the motives that drive their participation in the trials. A cross-sectional study was conducted among volunteers who had been participating in clinical trials in contract research organizations of Delhi. Validated questionnaires were used to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice of informed consent process. Most of the volunteers, 226 (56.5%), had participated in 1 to 3 clinical trials. Majority (54%) were unaware about any informed consent document. None of them were aware of their right of profession competence, privacy and integrity, transparency, nonexploitation, and nonusage of their biological samples. Effective implementation of principles of informed consenting is largely lacking among contract research organizations in Delhi, India. This could potentially cause risk to the participants.
A pilot study on using Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy Airway Decontamination techniques to assist endotracheal intubation by GlideScope® in a manikin simulating massive hematemesis
Authors: Ko Shing , Wong Oi Fung , Wong Ching Hin Kevin , Ma Hing Man , Lit Chau Hung Albert
Published: November 2019

Background:

The Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination techniques are newly designed emergency airway management skills to assist endotracheal intubation with the complementary use of suction catheters and video laryngoscopes in patients with severe vomiting or massive hematemesis.

Objectives:

To evaluate the performance of emergency department doctors in using the two Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination techniques (level 1 and level 2) to assist endotracheal intubation by GlideScope® in an airway manikin simulating massive hematemesis, the Nasco airway decontamination simulator.

Methods:

A total of 30 emergency department doctors were recruited in a pilot study. Their performance of using two levels of Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination techniques (Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination 1 and Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination 2) with two different suction catheters, the DuCanto suction catheter and Yankauer suction catheter, were compared with the conventional suction technique. The failed endotracheal intubation rates, time for intubation and number of attempts, amount of aspirated fluid, and the subjective ease of different methods by the participants were compared.

Results:

Irrespective the choice of suction catheter, endotracheal intubation in the manikin by using Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination 1 had the lowest failure rate which is much better than conventional suction technique (p = 0.012), smaller amount of aspiration compared with the conventional suction technique (p = 0.027), and comparable intubation time with the conventional suction technique (p = 0.850). Most participants were able to intubate the manikin successfully in the first attempt by Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination 1 with the DuCanto suction catheter, and they were of the opinion that such combination was the most preferred in performing endotracheal intubation.

Conclusion:

Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination 1 has the best performance in this manikin study, and Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination 1 with the DuCanto suction catheter was the most favorable method for endotracheal intubation in this manikin study by the participants.
Video Game Pursuit (VGPu) Scale Development: Designing and Validating a Scale With Implications for Game-Based Learning and Assessment
Authors: Sanchez Diana R. , Langer Markus
Published: November 2019

Background. Recent research on game-based assessment and training demonstrates growing interest in how individual differences affect game-based outcomes. However, there is still a lack of clarity about the variables that affect important game-based outcomes and issues with measurement approaches regarding these variables (e.g., no validation of scales). This study develops a model where video game pursuit (VGPu) is measured as an antecedent to entering the gaming cycle. We propose that VGPu-related antecedents lead to a feedback loop where engaging in the game cycle affects game-related outcomes which again affect the antecedents of re-entering the game cycle. Moreover, we validate a measure of VGPu and provide construct as well as criterion validity evidence.

Methods. Within three studies ( N = 716) we develop and validate the VGPu scale - a psychometrically sound measure of intentions to pursue video games. Using Amazon’s MTurk (Studies 1, 2), participants responded to the VGPu items and we conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showing that VGPu consists of a general latent VGPu factor with four subfactors (Intentional Game Play, Generalized Game Self-Efficacy, Enjoyment of Games, Prone to Game Immersion). In Study 3, students responded to the VGPu items, to items examining construct validity, and played three video games from different genres to assess criterion-related validity of game performance and game reactions.

Results. Results demonstrate construct and criterion-related validity showing that VGPu correlates with other game-related scales and predicts game performance and game reactions.

Discussion. The findings demonstrate the value of the VGPu scale for research and practice because pursuing video games seems to be an important variable for predicting how individuals perform and react to game-based activities. Finally, we discuss implications for future research and practice in the realm of game-based assessment and training.
Invariance of the power sum under a change of frame of reference and its consequences
Authors: Lidström Per
Published: November 2019

The invariance of the power sum under a change of frame of reference is investigated and a theorem relating this invariance to the balance laws for mass, momentum and moment of momentum is proved. This gives a new perspective on previous similar results obtained by Noll, Beatty and Green and Rivlin.
Saturday multidisciplinary hemodialysis access clinics to enhance patient care
Authors: Levitsky Lorraine T , Ruske Jack , Hentschel Dirk M , Nguyen Louis L , Ozaki C Keith , Shah Samir K
Published: November 2019

Fragmentation of outpatient care is a substantial barrier to creation and maintenance of hemodialysis access. To improve patient accessibility, satisfaction, and multidisciplinary provider communication, we created a monthly Saturday multidisciplinary vascular surgery and interventional nephrology access clinic at a tertiary care hospital in a major urban area for the complicated hemodialysis patient population. The study included patients presenting for new access creation as well as those who had previously undergone access surgery. Staffing included two to three interventional nephrologists, two to three vascular surgeons, one medical assistant, one research assistant, and one practice assistant. Patient satisfaction and perception of the clinic was measured using surveys during six of the monthly Saturday hemodialysis clinics. A total of 675 patient encounters were completed (18.2 average/clinic ±6.3 standard deviation) from August 2016 to August 2019. All patients were seen by both disciplines. The average no-show rate was 19.9% throughout the study period. Patient satisfaction in all measures was consistently high with the Saturday clinic. Providers were also assayed, and they generally valued the real-time, multidisciplinary care plan generation, and its subsequent efficient execution. Saturday multidisciplinary hemodialysis access clinics offer high provider and patient satisfaction and streamlined patient care. However, no-show rates remain relatively high for this challenging patient population.
Economic valuation of recreational attributes using a choice experiment approach: An application to the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Perez Loyola Renato , Wang Erda , Kang Nannan
Published: November 2019

Despite the increasing number of visitors to Galapagos National Park, the tourism industry pays little attention to the distinct preferences of tourists toward park attributes, including both its natural resources and managerial emphasis. To “monetize” the benefits of these attributes requires utilizing nonmarket valuation techniques. Using a stated preference questionnaire, we estimated the economic value of the park’s recreational attributes. The following five attributes were selected: endangered species, prevalence of garbage, site infrastructure, air quality, and entrance fees. The results of this study demonstrate that tourists place the highest willingness to pay values on increased protection of animal species (US$26.9) and garbage reduction (US$111.2). These results highlight the economic contributions for park management, with a potential for value improvement of US$38.1 per tourist if the park’s combined attributes are upgraded from the present condition to the optimum condition.
Translating national discourse into teaching and learning outcomes: Portability and connectivity in developing countries’ ICT in education (ICT4E) initiatives
Authors: Stratton Caroline , Bailey Diane E , Leonardi Paul M
Published: November 2019

We analyze information and communication technology in education initiatives in two South American countries: Bolivia and Uruguay. Utilizing qualitative data collection and analysis methods, we construct a comparative case study to trace the path of how national discourses—in response to the idea of globalization and initiatives promoting computers in education—were translated into policy goals, strategic implementation plans, and teaching and learning practices and outcomes. We document the role of the selected information and communication technology’s materiality in terms of portability and connectivity along this translation path. Our findings point to the importance of considering national discourse, often overlooked in information and communication technology in education studies, when examining initiative success and failure, and of conceptualizing materiality as more than merely the infrastructural foundation upon which information and communication technology in education initiatives are built. Understanding the role that materiality plays in interaction with national discourse may be especially important in guiding successful information and communication technology in education initiatives in developing countries, where financial resources are limited.
Capturing emotion with audio diaries
Authors: Cottingham Marci D , Erickson Rebecca J
Published: November 2019

Research on emotion is fraught with methodological limitations, as feelings can have non-discrete, ephemeral, and ineffable qualities. Audio diaries offer a method for capturing the sequential and varied experience of emotions as they emerge from everyday life. Following theory and methodological development in the sociology of emotion, we examine how audio diaries might be used to capture (a) candid emotions that emerge spontaneously and may reflect unpopular or negative social views and experiences, (b) the self as unfinished, and (c) processes of emotional reflexivity that exist alongside the diverse emotions that infuse everyday life. We explore how waveform visualization of audio recordings might be meaningfully combined with qualitative analysis of transcribed data to illustrate emotional contours in situ. We draw on audio diaries collected from 48 nurses from two US hospital systems to explore the possibilities and limitations of using audio diaries in emotion research.
Challenges Next Door – A Case Study of Learning for Life
Authors: Crichton Susan , Kinsel Ellen
Published: November 2019

This paper reports on the findings of an ongoing study of adult learners at the Facilitated Learning Centre (FLC) in New Denver, British Columbia, Canada and focuses on the relationship between adult education, personal empowerment and learning. The program is grounded within models of situated cognition rather than focussing on employment skills and was started seven years ago in a small, rural community in western Canada. The study looks at the impact the program has had on learners, literacy, employability, participation in unpaid work, and personal empowerment.
Widening Access to Higher Education: A Case Study of a Fee-waiver Scheme in two Scottish Universities
Authors: Knox Hazel , Turner Bob
Published: November 2019

The widening of access to higher education in the UK has been a key government policy priority over the past twenty years. A recent analysis of initiatives to widen access to higher education in Scotland demonstrates that this has been particularly significant for mature adult students (Watt & Paterson, 2001). Although there is evidence that participation in higher education has risen rapidly across all age groups since 1985, it has done so most rapidly amongst those aged 25 or more (Paterson, 1997). However, despite this evidence, the relative proportions of adults from different social groups participating in higher education remains largely unaltered. One crucial reason for this under-representation is funding policy. Evidence received by the Independent Committee of Inquiry into Student Finance (1999) confirmed that financial considerations create a strong deterrent to participation by non-traditional groups. This paper examines the efficacy of a scheme that seeks to widen access to higher education in Scotland by removing some of the financial barriers experienced by those adults with low incomes who wish to study on a part-time basis.
Reflective Practice and Scottish Further Education: Synergy or Stalemate?
Authors: O'Donnell Patrick , College Perth , Simpson Gordon
Published: November 2019

There has been a desire to embed the concept of reflective practice into many of the facets of Scottish Further Education College work following incorporation. A brief analysis of the concept within its wider critical literature is presented. Drawing on interviews with staff in the Scottish FE sector, some of the practical and conceptual difficulties that may he associated with the implementation of reflective practice are considered. Throughout the paper particular attention is directed at the following questions:

• How is reflective practice currently critically defined?

• What perceptions of reflective practice does the current Further Education sector have?

• How might the current Further Education sector shape and influence reflective practice, and what barriers might impede its acceptance

It is concluded that the management practices of contemporary FE may be contributing to the erosion of true ‘double-loop’ reflection. The priority given to competence in standards for the training of FE lecturers presents major hurdles for universities charged with developing reflective practitioners.