bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The utility of universal screening for somatization in a pediatric emergency department: A prospective evaluation
Authors: Virk Punit , Ellis Jacob , Dhariwal Amrit , Chapman Andrea , Doan Quynh
Published: May 2021

Objective:

To evaluate clinical utility and feasibility of universal somatization screening in the pediatric emergency department (ED) using a standardized approach of (1) identifying potential somatizing symptoms within the ED, (2) introducing these patients and their caregivers to the concept of the ‘mind-body connection’, (3) corroborating the likelihood of a somatization diagnosis via brief psychiatric assessment, and (4) inviting families to a psychoeducational follow-up session.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study to carry out this approach with families visiting a pediatric ED. Our primary outcome of screening utility was measured as the proportion of youth who screened positive for somatization by the ED clinician. Our secondary outcome of screening feasibility was measured as the proportion of patients with positives who (1) agreed to meet with the study psychiatrist, (2) consented to an ED psychiatric assessment, (3) were assessed by the study psychiatrist as likely experiencing somatization, and (4) were invited for follow-up and attended.

Results:

Of the 344 screened patients, 27 (7.8%) screened positive for somatization. Of these, 25 (92.6%) families verbally consented to meet the study psychiatrist to learn about the mind-body connection, and 21 (77.8%) consented to further psychiatric assessment. Upon assessment, the somatization likelihood was supported for all 21 youth. Twenty families were invited to follow-up and ultimately two (10%) attended.

Conclusions:

Somatization can be detected through ED-based universal screening. Few families attended psychoeducational follow-up. Further research is needed to determine appropriate ED-initiated pediatric somatization intervention.
Emic perspectives on young Danish learners’ foreign language classroom anxiety
Authors: Fenyvesi Katalin
Published: May 2021

This study explores what young Danish learners found anxiety-provoking or difficult in their English as a foreign language (EFL) classes. Participants ( n = 32) were early and later starters (ages 8 years vs. 10 years) at two primary schools where children were not assessed in English. The qualitative inquiry aimed to examine what differences characterized 8- and 10-year-old children’s views and how their foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) changed over time. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each child in one-on-one settings and the answers were analysed by thematic analysis. The emerging themes revealed three main categories of situations that made children anxious. The first one concerned being afraid of making mistakes. The second category comprised social situations in which children were asked to speak in English in front of their peers and they were anxious that other children would criticize them or laugh at them. The third category comprised situations in which children felt insecure, for example, they did not understand their teacher’s talk in the target language, did not know the meaning of words they were supposed to learn, did not understand the task at hand, or they had to do tasks they thought were beyond their abilities. Children who experienced a decrease of FLCA after one year of instruction indicated that appropriate support from the teacher had reduced FLCA in some of these situations. Pedagogical implications of the different causes of anxiety are discussed.
Lived experiences of the adjustment of older employees to re-employment in Singapore: A Bourdieusian perspective
Authors: Xu Jianbin , Mehta Kalyani K , Wan David
Published: May 2021

The Singapore government promulgated the Retirement and Re-employment Act in 2012 to promote extending working life. This article offers insight into the utility of Bourdieu’s conceptual framework of habitus, field and capital in exploring how older employees in Singapore adjust to re-employment. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 re-employed older persons consisting of four women and six men. The thematic analysis of the data indicated that a series of adjustment strategies underpinned by the realism-, positivity-, productivity- and proactivity-oriented habitus synergized to empower research participants to navigate through the field of re-employment. The article proposes that in the Singapore context policy makers and employers need to take a habitus-sensitive approach to re-employed older persons, developing a habitus-friendly field of re-employment.
Solid-state joining of aluminum to titanium: A review
Authors: Gadakh Vijay S , Badheka Vishvesh J , Mulay Amrut S
Published: May 2021

The dissimilar material joining of aluminum and titanium alloys is recognized as a challenge due to the significant differences in the physical, chemical, and metallurgical properties of these alloys, where the increasing demands for high strength and lightweight alloys in aerospace, defense, and automotive industries. Joining these two alloys using the conventional fusion techniques produces commercially unacceptable sound joints due to irregular, complex weld pool shapes, cracking and low strength, high residual stresses, cracks, and microporosity, and the brittle intermetallic compounds formation leads to poor formability or inferior mechanical properties. The formation of intermetallic compounds is inevitable but it is less severe in solid-state than in the fusion welding process. Hence, this article reviews on aluminum–titanium joining using different solid-state and hybrid joining processes with emphasis on the effect of process parameters of the different processes on the weld microstructure, mechanical properties along with the type of intermetallic compounds and defects formed at the weld interface. Among the various solid-state welding processes for aluminum–titanium joining, the following grades of aluminum and titanium alloys were employed such as cp Ti, Ti6Al4V, cp Al, AA1xxx, AA 2xxx, AA5xxx, AA6xxx, AA7xxx, out of which Ti6Al4V and AA6xxx alloys are the most common combination.
A study on fabrication of silicon nitride-based advanced ceramic composite materials via spark plasma sintering
Authors: Mir Aqib Hussain , Ahmad SN
Published: May 2021

The present study provides an overview of the fabrication of silicon nitride (Si3N4)-based advanced ceramic materials using spark plasma sintering. Being an excellent engineering ceramic material, silicon nitride is extensively being used in tribological components, aerospace, and automotive industries due to its unique blend of thermo-mechanical, tribological, and chemical properties. The selection of the sintering process, as well as sintering aids, strongly affects the properties of silicon nitride ceramics. Several conventional sintering techniques have been utilized in the past to optimize the structure and properties of silicon nitride ceramics such as hot pressing. However, spark plasma sintering, a relatively new, non-conventional, powder consolidating technique has recently gained significant attention to fabricate silicon nitride ceramic due to high heating rates, extremely short sintering time, and relatively low sintering temperatures which renders it an ideal technique for mass production. Both the composition and concentration of sintering additives during processing play a vital part in achieving the final desired properties of the bulk silicon nitride ceramic materials. In this review, the critical aspects like the effects of additive composition, additive concentration, and sintering parameters on microstructure and bulk properties of silicon nitride ceramics fabricated via spark plasma sintering are presented. The review may come in handy for scientists and engineers concerned with fabricating future silicon nitride composites with desired properties and performance for different engineering applications.
Rubber fatigue evaluation for antivibration products and an S–N curve with a scatter band of 0.8
Authors: Luo Robert Keqi
Published: May 2021

Rubber antivibration products are widely used in engineering structures. An accurate evaluation on fatigue performance is a challenging issue during a design procedure. In this article, an effective stress approach was applied to multi-directional snubbing (MDS) mounts, AE2 and AE42 specimens. It was demonstrated that observed fatigue cracks were initiated at a place where the maximum effective stress was located. There were confirmed strong correlations between the effective stress and the number of failed cycles: R2 = 0.994 for AE2 with eight fatigue cases, R2 = 0.955 for AE42 with 16 cases and R2 = 0.917 for both AE2 and AE42 with 24 cases. A valuable S–N curve (covering from 2 × 102 to 3 × 106 cycles) of rubber (SBR with 67 hardness) was obtained (a scatter-band range of 0.8 with an average standard deviation of 14.3%). The scatter band includes both natural fatigue scattering and criterion accuracy. Less than 10% CPU time, compared with the critical plane search method, would only be required for evaluation on a fatigue case of a two-dimensional solid. These findings have shown that the proposed approach is reliable and can be considered in a suitable fatigue design stage. As the presented criterion was validated in limited contexts, more cases in antivibration design are required to support this approach.
Notes on not knowing: male ignorance after #MeToo
Authors: O’Neill Rachel
Published: May 2021

The essential premise of #MeToo is that, while large numbers of women are subject to sexual harassment and assault, this reality is not known to or understood by unnamed others. This article interrogates the subject of non-knowing that #MeToo points to but does not name, asking: who exactly does not know, and why? These questions provide the starting point to elaborate the concept of male ignorance. While this lexicon has been fleetingly deployed in canonical feminist works – where it denotes something so obvious that it does not require explanation, functioning instead as a kind of feminist common sense – I develop it here so it might be put to greater use as a dedicated analytic. The work of Charles Mills, particularly his writings on white ignorance, provides a critical precedent in this regard. Following Mills in foregrounding the ideological operations of not knowing, I conceive male ignorance as a structure of concerted if unconscious epistemic occlusion which both stems from and serves to protect male privilege. As such, it plays a crucial role in securing the overall relation of domination and oppression within which gendered lives are lived. While male ignorance is itself multiple and has a variety of stakeholders, I argue that the non-knowing that surrounds sexual harassment and assault – which #MeToo draws attention to and seeks to undo – constitutes a paradigmatic manifestation, one in which cisgender heterosexual men have a particular stake.
Democratic education in the fourth generation of deliberative democracy
Authors: Nishiyama Kei
Published: May 2021

While the discussion on education for deliberative democracy is increasingly gaining prominence, there is a deep gap between the theories of deliberative democracy and democratic education with respect to what deliberative democracy is and ought to be. As a result, theories and practices of democratic education tend to be grounded in a narrow understanding of the meaning of deliberative competencies, students’ deliberative agency, and the role of schools in deliberative democracy. Drawing on the latest theorization of deliberative democracy – deliberative system theory – this article aims to question and revise these assumptions. The article suggests that meta-deliberation is a key practice that can reconcile the gap between the two theories.
Laminated textile composites – Problems with bonding layers and sewing
Authors: Kovačević Stana , Ujević Darko , Domjanić Jacqueline , Pačavar Samir
Published: May 2021

In this paper laminated composites with woven fabric on the front side, polyurethane foam (PU) in the middle and knitted fabric on the back side were analyzed. These materials are widely used in the automotive industry, medicine, protection activities and other groups of technical textiles Based on analyses and problems encountered in practice, the hypothesis was made that the speed of joining the components into a laminated composite influences the needle penetration force and finally the seam quality when sewing. Investigations were performed using three GB needle systems, two PU thicknesses (2 and 4 mm) and three joining speeds (30, 35 and 40 m/min). According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that higher joining speeds determine lower penetration forces. By systematic analysis of the sewing seam the deformation of laminated composites occur at stitch points, which is caused by hardened PU residues after the lamination of components to a composite. Heating the needle during sewing resulted in partial melting of PU and adhesion of needle to the material is penetrating through which means damage to the needle and seam. This negative occurrence is more pronounced at lower bonding speeds, for higher PU thickness and thicker needle. Based on the results obtained it can be claimed that bonding speed, polyurethane thickness (PU) as well as needle type affected the penetration forces of sewing and seam quality.
Impact of Perioperative Immunonutrition on Complications in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Cozzi Gabriele , Musi Gennaro , Milani Martina , Jemos Costantino , Gandini Sara , Mazzoleni Ludovica , Ferro Matteo , Luzzago Stefano , Bianchi Roberto , Omodeo Salé Emanuela , de Cobelli Ottavio
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

Radical cystectomy (RC) is the gold standard treatment for patients with muscle-invasive or refractory non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. It is estimated that approximately 64% and 13% of RC patients experience any complication and major complications, respectively. Specialized immunonutrition (SIM) aims to reduce the rates of complications after RC. We reported surgical complication rates in RC patients who received (SIM group) versus who did not receive (no-SIM group) perioperative SIM. Moreover, we investigated factors associated with complications after RC.

Material and Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study of 52 patients who underwent RC between April 2016 and December 2017. Overall, 26 (50%) patients received perioperative SIM. We recorded age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), body mass index (BMI), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) score, unintentional weight loss (UWL), SIM drinks consume, surgical approach, urinary diversion, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), final pathology, length of stay (LOS), and complications.

Results:

SIM was associated with higher rates of documented infections ( P = .03). Conversely, post-operative ileus was associated with higher rates of overall infections ( P = .03). Median LOS was comparable within the 2 groups. Overall, 4 (15.38%) versus 0 (0%) patients in SIM versus no-SIM group were readmitted to hospital ( P = .03). Age, CCI, NAC, and TPN were not associated with complication rates.

Conclusions:

SIM is not associated with lower rates of post-operative complications in RC candidates. Moreover, higher rates of documented infections were observed in the SIM group. Patients with post-operative ileus experienced more infections. Age, CCI, NAC, and TPN were not predictive of complications.
OCT imaging of rod mitochondrial respiration in vivo
Authors: Berkowitz Bruce A , Qian Haohua
Published: May 2021

There remains a need for high spatial resolution imaging indices of mitochondrial respiration in the outer retina that probe normal physiology and measure pathogenic and reversible conditions underlying loss of vision. Mitochondria are involved in a critical, but somewhat underappreciated, support system that maintains the health of the outer retina involving stimulus-evoked changes in subretinal space hydration. The subretinal space hydration light–dark response is important because it controls the distribution of vision-critical interphotoreceptor matrix components, including anti-oxidants, pro-survival factors, ions, and metabolites. The underlying signaling pathway controlling subretinal space water management has been worked out over the past 30 years and involves cGMP/mitochondria respiration/pH/RPE water efflux. This signaling pathway has also been shown to be modified by disease-generating conditions, such as hypoxia or oxidative stress. Here, we review recent advances in MRI and commercially available OCT technologies that can measure stimulus-evoked changes in subretinal space water content based on changes in the external limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelium region. Each step within the above signaling pathway can also be interrogated with FDA-approved pharmaceuticals. A highlight of these studies is the demonstration of first-in-kind in vivo imaging of mitochondria respiration of any cell in the body. Future examinations of subretinal space hydration are expected to be useful for diagnosing threats to sight in aging and disease, and improving the success rate when translating treatments from bench-to-bedside.
Cognitive Recovery After Stroke: A Meta-analysis and Metaregression of Intervention and Cohort Studies
Authors: Saa Juan Pablo , Tse Tamara , Baum Carolyn M. , Cumming Toby , Josman Naomi , Rose Miranda , O’Keefe Sophie , Sewell Katherine , Nguyen Vinh , Carey Leeanne M.
Published: May 2021

Background

Cognition affects poststroke recovery, but meta-analyses of cognition have not yet provided a comparison of observational and intervention evidence.

Objective

To describe the trajectory of poststroke cognition and the factors that moderate it across intervention and observational cohorts.

Methods

Six databases were searched up to January 2020. Studies describing quantitative changes in cognition in adults poststroke were included. Interventions were classified into pharmacological, therapist-led, nonroutine/alternative, and usual care. Summary estimates were compared via hierarchical mixed-effects models. Age, recovery stage, stroke etiology, cognitive domain targeted in studies, and intervention types were investigated as moderators of cognition. Recovery stage and intervention were further analyzed in a multiplicative metaregression model.

Results

A total of 43 intervention trials and 79 observation cohorts involving 28 222 stroke participants were included. Heterogeneity was significant (τ2 = 0.09; CI = 0.01-0.21, P < .001) with no evidence of publication bias. Cognitive recovery was greater in intervention trials ( g = 0.47; CI = 0.37-0.58) than observational cohorts ( g = 0.28; CI = 0.20-0.36) across all moderators analyzed. Nonroutine/alternative and pharmacological trials achieved the best overall results ( g = 0.57, CI = 0.42-0.73, and g = 0.52, CI = 0.30-0.74, respectively), followed by therapist-led ( g = 0.46; CI = 0.17-0.74), and usual care ( g = 0.28; CI = 0.11-0.45) interventions. Medium recovery effects (ie, g ≥ 0.5) were observed in examining first-ever stroke, executive function, visuo-perceptual, consciousness, and psychomotor skills, 61 to 180 days poststroke, in participants aged 65 to 70 years.

Conclusion

Cognitive recovery is possible using different controlled interventions in all recovery stages, with smaller benefits ≥2 years poststroke. Longer-term studies are needed to determine the role of nonroutine/alternative therapies and the association between cognitive recovery and performance in everyday activities.
Recruiting Low-Income African American Men in Mental Health Research: A Community-Based Participatory Research Feasibility Study
Authors: Tchouankam Tatiana , Estabrooks Paul , Cloyd Anthony , Notice Maxine , Teel-Williams Maria , Smolsky Ann , Burnett Paul , Alexis Geraldine , Conley Tori , Partridge EJay , Hogan Payton , Thorpe Roland , King Keyonna M.
Published: May 2021

African Americans (AAs) are 20% more likely to develop serious psychological distress compared to Whites but are less likely to use mental health services. The study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of recruitment strategies to engage AA fathers in a mental health intervention.

Using the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, a community-academic partnership (CAP) developed and implemented direct and indirect referral strategies to engage AA fathers in a mental health intervention. Direct referral strategies focused on community partner identification of potentially eligible participants, providing information about the study (i.e., study flyer), and referring potential participants to the study. Indirect referrals included posting flyers in local businesses frequented by AA men, radio advertisements, and social media posts from community organizations.

From January to October 2019, 50 direct and 1388 indirect referrals were documented, yielding 24 participants screened and 15 enrolled. Of all participants screened, 58% were referred through indirect referral, 38% were referred directly by community partners, and 4% of the participants were referred through both direct and indirect referrals. Twenty percent of those exposed to the direct referral methods and 1% of those exposed to the indirect referral methods were enrolled. The indirect referrals accounted for 60% of enrollment, whereas the direct referrals accounted for 33.3% of enrollment.

Collaborating with the community partners to engage hard-to-reach populations in mental health studies allowed for broad dissemination of recruitment methods, but still resulted in low participant accrual. Additional focus on increasing direct referral methods appears to be a fruitful area of CBPR.
Bachelor Status and the Sleep Quality Among Chinese Men: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhu Yalin , Pei Yaolin
Published: May 2021

Research has identified the status of being unmarried as a risk factor for poor sleep quality. Few studies have focused on the relationship between bachelor status and sleep quality. Moreover, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that may mediate or moderate this relationship. This study tested the mediating role of life satisfaction and moderating role of traditional value of children in the relationship between bachelor status and sleep quality among Chinese men. Data were derived from the 2018 wave of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The working sample included 12,102 Chinese men. The moderate mediation model was used to examine the mechanisms between bachelor status and sleep quality. Results showed that life satisfaction partially mediated the association between bachelor status and sleep quality. The mediating effect of life satisfaction was moderated by traditional value of children. Specially, the mediation effect was stronger for men with higher traditional value of children. The implications for future studies and practices are also discussed in this study.
Chronic Orchialgia Stemming From Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Case Report and Brief Review
Authors: Chu Eric Chun Pu , Wong Arnold Yu Lok
Published: May 2021

Chronic orchialgia can be the result of pathological processes of the scrotal contents or stem from non-intrascrotal structures. Successful pain management depends on identifying the source of localized or referred pain. This is a case report of a 39-year-old male sports coach who presented with low back pain, right orchialgia, and sciatica refractory to conservative management. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed disc protrusion at L3/L4 and L4/L5 levels. Positive outcomes in relieving back and testicular pain were obtained after a total of 30 chiropractic sessions over a 9-week period. The evidence of the subjective improvement was corroborated by regression of the herniated discs documented on the repeat MR imaging. While chronic orchialgia is not an uncommon problem for men of all ages, it has seldom been described in association with lumbar discogenic disease. The current study provided preliminary support for a link between orchialgia and lumbar disc herniation. Chiropractic manipulation had provided a mechanistic alleviation of noxious lumbar stimuli, leading to symptomatic and functional improvements.
Big data and digital design models for fashion design
Authors: Zhao Lihuan , Liu Silu , Zhao Xiaoming
Published: May 2021

The demand for fashion, and for virtual fitting and personalized fashion among customers, is changing the design and consumption of fashion. To meet such challenges, fashion design models are being developed based on big data and digitization, in which fashion is designed based on data, virtual fitting, design-support systems, and recommendation systems. This paper reviews the fashion design models proposed in recent years and considers future development directions for fashion design. Using big data and digital processing technologies, fashion designers identify the characteristics of popular fashions in the market, predict fashion trends, and create designs accordingly. The virtual fitting of scanatar, parametric mannequin, or even real human bodies, enables customers to quickly and easily find fashion that best meets their tastes and requirements. On consumer design-support platforms, consumers can freely select styles, colors, materials, and other fashion aspects and view the design output. Furthermore, fashion recommendation systems, guided by fashion design experts, have greatly improved consumer satisfaction with fashion design. Yet, current fashion design systems do not fully consider the performance of textile materials and do not involve functional fashion design, let alone comfort. Such limitations provide directions future research in fashion design.
Surface roughness of machined wood and advanced engineering materials and its prediction: A review
Authors: Zhong Zhao-Wei
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the surface roughness of wood and advanced engineering materials after machining and its prediction. The topics are surface roughness of precision-machined advanced engineering materials, machining of WC and Inconel, rapidly solidified Al alloys, surface roughness of wood materials, and prediction of surface roughness. Findings include that ductile streaks on silicon and glass surfaces ground or lapped with inexpensive machines largely reduced the polishing time to obtain the required surface roughness. Abrasive jet machining could remove the patterns from recycled wafers and improve the surface roughness. The roughness of WC-Co coatings was significantly improved by using the method of fast regime fluidized bed machining. As beryllium is a toxic element, the rapidly solidified Al alloy may be a good insert material to replace BeCu. Higher bonding strengths resulted from rougher surfaces of wood samples. Wood samples had reduced bonding strengths after soaking in water. Optimum artificial neural networks (ANNs) with necessary inputs could accurately predict the roughness values. ANNs trained using particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms could predict surface roughness better than typical ANNs. Minimum quantity lubrication is a hot research topic to minimize the amount of the fluid for cost and environmental considerations.
Management of external jugular vein aneurysm: a systematic review
Authors: Nana Petroula , Gkrinia Eleni , Maiou Chara , Karyda Ourania , Korais Christos , Spanos Konstantinos , Kouvelos Georgios
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Aneurysms of the jugular vein system are rare and high clinical suspicion is needed for diagnosis. External jugular vein aneurysms (EJVA) are considered innocent lesions that need treatment mainly for aesthetic reasons. The aim of this systematic review was to present current literature regarding diagnosis and management of EJVAs.

Methods

A literature review was conducted through the Pubmed/Medline and Scopus regarding articles referring on EJVA from 2000 to 2020. Using the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), 30 articles were identified, according to inclusion criteria. Demographics, clinical characteristics, etiology, diagnostic imaging, complications, treatment, and histopathological findings were recorded and analyzed.

Results

Twenty-seven case reports and one case series were identified, including 30 patients and 31 EJVAs. One-third of patients (30.3%) were < 18 years old (mean age 32 years, range 1–72 years) and 54% of them were females. In 51% of the cases, the lesion was characterized as a true aneurysm after histological evaluation. The presence of a soft cervical mass was the most common clinical symptom, while Valsalva maneuver pointed out the presence of an EJVA in 66.7% of patients. Diagnosis was achieved using ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Forty-three percent of the patients underwent more than one radiological examination. Twenty patients underwent surgical management. The primary indication of surgical treatment was aesthetic reasons (11/20, 55%). Thrombosis was the most common EJVA complication (11/30, 36.3%).

Conclusions

Differential diagnosis of neck mass should include EJVA. High clinical suspicion and adequate imaging are important for diagnosis. Open surgical approach is the more commonly applied therapeutic strategy.
Orchid drug-coated balloon versus standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for the treatment of femoropopliteal artery disease: 12-month result of the randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liao Chuan-Jun , Song Sheng-Han , Li Tan , Zhang Yang Zhang and Wang-de
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To assess the efficacy and safety of the Orchid drug-coated balloon (coated with paclitaxel) for the treatment of femoropopliteal artery disease versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in Chinese population.

Methods

This is a prospective, single center, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial that randomized (1:1) 60 patients (38 men; mean age 68.7 ± 8.8) to drug-coated balloon group ( n = 30) or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty group ( n = 30). The primary efficacy endpoint was primary patency of the target lesion and clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) at 12 months. The primary safety end point was freedom from perioperative death at 30 days and freedom from limb-related death and major amputation at 12 months.

Results

Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Drug-coated balloon group resulted in higher primary patency (82.8% vs. 48.3%, p = 0.005) and lower CD-TLR rates (3.5% vs. 27.6%; p = 0.001) versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty group at 12 months. The ABI was significantly higher in drug-coated balloon group than percutaneous transluminal angioplasty group (0.86 ± 0.13 vs. 0.72 ± 0.18, p = 0.025). There were no perioperative death at 30 days, no limb-related death and no major amputation at 12 months in either group.

Conclusions

The randomized controlled trial showed superior treatment effect with drug-coated balloon versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, with remarkably higher patency and lower CD-TLR rates. The result is consistent with other study and demonstrates the safety and efficacy of the Orchid drug-coated balloon for the treatment of femoropopliteal artery disease.
Impact of EPclin on adjuvant therapeutic decision making and comparison of EPclin to the PREDICT tool
Authors: Bourien Héloïse , Quillien Véronique , Godey Florence , Perrin Christophe , Le Du Fanny , Guillermet Sophie , Blanchot Jérôme , Lavoué Vincent , Campillo-Gimenez Boris , Brunot Angélique , Crouzet Laurence , De la Motte Rouge Thibault , Diéras Véronique , Lefeuvre-Plesse Claudia
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

Genomic signatures, such as EndoPredict®, may help clinicians to decide which adjuvant treatment is the most appropriate.

Methods:

We propose the EndoPredict® assay for unclear cases of adjuvant treatment in patients treated in our comprehensive cancer center. We prospectively and retrospectively report the decision of adjuvant treatment before and after the EndoPredict® assay, respectively, compared to the PREDICT’s tool scores.

Results:

From November 2016 to March 2019, 159 breast cancer tumors were analyzed and presented before and after the EndoPredict® assay. Before the EndoPredict® results, clinicians recommended chemotherapy for 57 patients (57/159, 36%). A total of 108 patients (108/159, 68%) were classified as EPclin high-risk score. There was only a slight agreement between clinicians’ decisions and EPclin risk score. The EPclin score led to 37% changes in treatment (59/159); chemotherapy was favored in 80% of cases (47/59). The PREDICT tool recommended chemotherapy for 16 high-risk patients (16/159, 10%).

Conclusion:

Although genomic tests were developed in order to de-escalate adjuvant treatment, in our comprehensive cancer center the use of the EndoPredict® assay led to an increase in prescribed chemotherapy.
Negotiating bereavement and loss: Influencing persistence and desistance from crime
Authors: Rutter Natalie
Published: May 2021

Much previous research has considered experiences of bereavement and loss in a prison-based setting. This overshadows the nature of bereavement within the context of community supervision and probation delivery, resulting in inadequate explorations of the potential link to persistence and/or desistance from crime. Research into desistance has predominantly focused on relationships with those who are still alive. This article evidences an emergent theme of bereavement experiences within the context of probation delivery, relationships and desistance. It draws upon narrative research undertaken within a Community Rehabilitation Company in the north of England, collected as part of a doctoral thesis. Evidence demonstrates the similarities between the process of desistance and that of bereavement with the narratives of men and women reiterating how bereavement can influence the onset of criminal or risk-taking behaviour whilst highlighting emergent evidence on how bereavement can disrupt desistance. This enables the article to highlight the importance of resilience in the process of both bereavement and desistance.
Chinese reluctance to report crime: Political efficacy, group care and hukou
Authors: Wu Yuning , Su Ivan Y , Hu Rong
Published: May 2021

Rising crime rates and strained police–community relations in China are calling for more research on people’s crime-reporting desires and associated predictors. Drawing upon survey data collected from a sample of 757 local and nonlocal residents in a large city in Southern China, this study takes the initiative to assess Chinese people’s reluctance to report crime to the police. Results show that a lower level of political efficacy, external efficacy specifically, is associated with a higher level of reluctance to report crime. The effects of group care are mixed, with the inner-circle care exerting a negative and the outer-circle care a positive association with crime-reporting desires. Furthermore, net of all controls, local hukou residents express lower levels of willingness than their nonlocal counterparts to report crime. Finally, the perception of police misconduct is the most significant and strongest predictor of Chinese people’s reluctance to report crime. These findings suggest the importance of including a combination of both policing and non-policing factors when studying crime-reporting inclination, opening up an interdisciplinary perspective for studying the issue.
Dispositions that matter: Investigating criminalized women’s resettlement through their (trans)carceral habitus
Authors: Quinn Kaitlyn
Published: May 2021

Whether prisoner resettlement is framed in terms of public health, safety, economic prudence, recidivism, social justice, or humanitarianism, it is difficult to overstate its importance. This article investigates women’s experiences exiting prison in Canada to deepen understandings of post-carceral trajectories and their implications. It combines feminist work on transcarceration and Bourdieusian theory with qualitative research undertaken in Canada to propose the (trans)carceral habitus as a theoretical innovation. This research illuminates the continuity of criminalized women’s marginalization before and beyond their imprisonment, the embodied nature of these experiences, and the adaptive dispositions that they have demonstrated and depended on throughout their lives. In doing so, this article extends criminological work on carceral habitus which has rarely considered the experiences of women. Implications for resettlement are discussed by tracing the impact of criminalized women’s (trans)carceral habitus (i.e. distrust, skepticism, vigilance about their environments and relationships) on their willingness to access support and services offered by resettlement organizations.
Francoist repression in Spain and the crime of genocide
Authors: Kazyrytski Leanid
Published: May 2021

This article describes the characteristics and scale of Francoist repression in Spain and analyses the potential interpretation of the mass killings of people with leftist ideology as an act of genocide in accordance with the provisions of international law. Focus is placed on the difficulties associated with the inclusion of political groups in the category of genocide victims, and the possibility of a broader interpretation of this categorization is defended. Furthermore, the present study emphasizes the influence of the positivist trend on the configuration of Francoist criminal policy and provides evidence that allows Francoist repression to be considered as genocide in full accordance with international law.
Treatment expectations as a possible prognostic factor for DMARD response in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mucke Johanna , Brinks Ralph , Dimitriou Argyri , Richter Jutta G. , Schneider Matthias
Published: May 2021

Background:

The prediction of the individual’s response to disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is challenging and often limited. Here we evaluated the influence of patients’ expectations towards a change in treatment with DMARD on clinical outcome in RA.

Methods:

One hundred patients (74 female) with RA (2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria) and an upcoming change in DMARD treatment due to non-response or adverse effects were included. Patients’ treatment beliefs, health-related quality of life and treatment expectations were measured using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), the Short Form 36, and self-designed questions about expectations before treatment initiation (T0), and DAS28-CRP was calculated at T0 and after 4 months (T4). Associations between patients’ beliefs and expectations and changes in DAS28-CRP (T0 to T4, ΔDAS28-CRP) were explored by regression analyses after multiple imputation.

Results:

A total of 99 patients were included, of whom 84 completed all questionnaires. Thirty-six percent of all variability in treatment response (ΔDAS28-CRP) was explained by expectations assessed with the questionnaires and the C-reactive protein (CRP)-value at T0. Among these, the expected improvement rate, with 10.5%, as well as the CRP-value at T0, with 10.6%, had the greatest positive effect whereas the fear of adverse effects, with 11.4%, and the BMQ.concern scale, with 9.0%, had the greatest negative impact on ΔDAS28.

Conclusion:

Patients’ expectations towards newly induced DMARD therapies influence clinical response and may serve as possible explanatory factors for treatment response affecting subjective and objective outcome parameters.

Clinical trial registration number:

DRKS00017005
Game Mechanisms in Serious Games That Teach Children with Type 1 Diabetes How to Self-Manage: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Nørlev Jannie , Sondrup Katrine , Derosche Christina , Hejlesen Ole , Hangaard Stine
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

The use of serious games is a popular approach to help children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) learn how to self-manage. Many different game mechanisms exist. However, it is unclear which game mechanisms a serious game should include to teach self-management to children with T1D. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to map and describe the game mechanisms used in serious games that teach children with T1D how to self-manage and explain how they contribute to teaching self-management.

Methods:

A systematic scoping review was conducted to map and describe the important game mechanisms published before 23 September 2020. A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Education Database. Relevant literature was selected, synthesized, and reported.

Results:

Of the 800 articles identified, 18 were included in this systematic scoping review. The game mechanisms used in serious games that teach self-management included narrative contexts, feedback, avatars, simulations, goals, levels, and social interactions.

Discussion:

This review identified 7 game mechanisms used in serious games that teach children how to self-manage. A serious game is most effective in teaching self-management when it is T1D-oriented and when multiple game mechanisms are combined. However, the most effective combination of game mechanisms has yet to be determined.
Wealth index and other behavioral and sociodemographic characteristics associated with body mass index in Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaw Lijalem Melie , Muluneh Essey Kebede
Published: May 2021

Background:

Nowadays, the burden of non-communicable diseases including obesity has been an increasing public health concern. This menace can be monitored using indexing method like body mass index. Studies indicate that socioeconomic indicators such as income, biology, behavior, and demographic factors associated with body mass index. In Ethiopia, few studies associate wealth index with body mass index in people of ages between 15 and 49. This study was aimed to assess the association of body mass index with wealth index, and behavioral and sociodemographic population characteristics.

Methods:

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey population of ages 15–49. A total of 10,245 individuals were considered to detect the effect of socioeconomic, biological, behavioral, and demographic factors on body mass index using logistic regression.

Results:

The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among men are 23.8%, 6.6%, and 2.0%, respectively, which is lower than that of women (underweight 25.3%, overweight 9.1%, and obesity 2.9%). The poorest men had higher odds of being underweight (adjusted odds ratio = 2.395%; 95% confidence interval = 2.020–3.544) as compared to the richest men. Merchants and government employees have lower odds (adjusted odds ratio = 0.744; 95% confidence interval = 0.588–0.899) compared to men whose occupation is farming and labor, indicating that merchants and government employees are more likely to become overweight and obese compared to men who are farmers and laborers.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that wealth index is an important socioeconomic determinant of body mass index among men and women of age 15–49 in Ethiopia. A high prevalence of underweight, and overweight, and obesity is observed, which increases instances of non-communicable diseases. Effects of socioeconomic, biological, behavioral, and demographic indicators on body mass index differed according to sex.
“Sometimes I don’t have a pulse … and I’m still alive!” Interviews with healthcare professionals to explore their experiences of and views on population-based digital health technologies
Authors: Tomasella Flavio , Morgan Heather May
Published: May 2021

Background

Digital technologies are increasingly becoming an integral part of our daily routine and professional lives, and the healthcare field is no exception. Commercially available digital health technologies (DHTs – e.g. smartphones, smartwatches and apps) may hold significant potential in healthcare upon successful and constructive implementation. Literature on the topic is split between enthusiasm associated with potential benefits and concerns around privacy, reliability and overall effectiveness. However, little is known about what healthcare professionals (HCPs) have experienced so far with patients and what they perceive as the main advantages and disadvantages of adoption. This study therefore aims to investigate current perceptions of HCPs towards self-tracked health-related outputs from devices and apps available to the public.

Methods

Nine HCPs volunteered to take part in semi-structured interviews. Related data were thematically analysed, following a deductive approach with the construction of a framework based on expected themes from the relevant literature, and themes identified from the first two interviews.

Findings

The following main themes in relation to DHTs were identified and explored in detail: HCPs’ experience, knowledge and views; advantages and disadvantages; barriers towards healthcare implementation and potential solutions; future directions. While most participants were adopters of DHTs and held positive views about them, their overall experience with patients and the technology was limited. Potential reasons for this were explored, including factors such as time/resources; colleagues’ mindset; lack of evidence of effectiveness for practice; data security concerns.

Conclusions

The potential advantages of DHTs’ adoption in healthcare are substantial, e.g. patient autonomy, time/resources saving, health and behaviour change promotion, but are presently premature. Therefore, future research is warranted, focussing on addressing barriers, minimising disadvantages, and assessing the clinical value of commercially available DHTs.
Building MedVenture – A mobile health application to improve adolescent medication adherence – Using a multidisciplinary approach and academic–industry collaboration
Authors: Mehta Pooja , Moore Susan L , Bull Sheana , Kwan Bethany M
Published: May 2021

Objective

Mobile health (mHealth) tools are increasingly used to support medication adherence yet few have been designed specifically for the pediatric population. This paper describes the development of a medication adherence application ( MedVenture) using the integration of patient and healthcare provider input, health behavior theory, and user engagement strategies for adolescents with chronic gastrointestinal disease.

Methods

MedVenture was created by a multidisciplinary research team consisting of a gastroenterologist, a social health psychologist, software developers, and digital health researchers. Healthcare providers and adolescent patients were interviewed to identify barriers to medication adherence, explore ways that technologies could best support medication adherence for both patients and providers, and determine user requirements and core design features for a digital health tool. Intervention mapping was used to match themes from qualitative content analysis to known efficacious adherence strategies, according to a conceptual framework based on self-determination theory. Iterative design with review by the research team and two rounds of user testing informed the final prototype.

Results

Three themes were identified from content analysis: 1) lack of routine contributes to nonadherence, 2) adolescents sometimes purposefully forgo medications, and 3) healthcare providers would prefer a tool that promotes patient self-management rather than one that involves patient-provider interaction. These findings, combined with evidence-based adherence and user engagement strategies, resulted in the development of MedVenture – a game-based application to improve planning and habit formation.

Conclusions

Academic-industry collaboration incorporating stakeholders can facilitate the development of mobile health tools designed specifically for adolescents with chronic disease.