bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Psychological Aspects of Injury in Sport
Authors: Mohd Nor Mohad Anizu
Published: January 2013

The benefit of sports and physical activity are widely known. However, the risk of injury is an unfavourable consequence in physical training. Age, gender, injury history, body size, local anatomy and biomechanics, aerobic fitness, muscle strength, psychological and psychosocial factors as well as general mental ability are factor in the predisposition to injury. It sports, regardless of the best efforts of coaches and trainers, injuries do occur. One of the most important aspects in sport injury is the psychological aspect. Which include psychological variables as predictors of injury occurrence, athlete's psychological response to injury, psychological aspects of the rehabilitation process, and also psychological readiness to return to competition. Psychological factors of injury occurrence in sports can be predicted. Among the factors already studied are the stress responses, personality, history of stressors, coping resources, stte–trait anxiety, self–esteem, and mental toughness. With regard to the psychological response to injury, a few factors such as emotions and behaviour of the injured athletes have been identified. Studies on phychological aspects of the rehabilition process have indicated that injured athletes need a number of approaches that can be implemented such as communication skills and motivation techniques. Nevertheless, injured athletes need to consider some psychological readiness factors to return to competition like anxiety, fear and loss of confidence which subsequently may affect their performance when they return to competition.

Key words: sport; injury; psychological; predictors; response; rehabilitation; competition.
Theoretical Approach on the Growth Rate of Solidified Metal Interface
Authors: Prayitno D. , Hamzah E. , M. Ghazali M.Z. , Clegg A.J.
Published: January 2013

Apabila penukleusan telah lengkap, proses pemejalan seterusnya melibatkan pertumbuhan nukleus. Pertambahan kadar pertumbuhan akan mengecilkan saiz bijian logam. Oleh itu, kajian ke atas parameter–parameter tuangan yang memberi kesan ke atas kadar pertumbuhan perlu dilakukan bagi memperbaiki sifat mekanik logam. Kertas kerja ini dengan itu mencadangkan suatu persamaan kadar pertumbuhan antara muka logam pepejal dalam keadaan lebur yang dituangkan daripada suatu tundish bergerak ke dalam suatu acuan condong. Persamaan yang dicadangkan boleh digunakan secara praktik dan parameter–parameternya boleh ditentukan secara ujikaji.

Kata kunci: Pemejalan logam; tuangan; penukleusan; pertumbuhan bijian

When nucleation is completed, the solidification process will continue with nucleus growth. Increasing the growth rate will reduce the grsin size of metal. Thus the study on the casting parameters which have an effect on the growth rate should be carried out in order to improve the mechanical properties of the metal. This work thus propose an equation of growth rate of solidified metal interface in the molten state which is poured from a moving tundish into an inclined mould. The proposed equation can be practically applied and the parameters can be experimentally determined.

Keywords: Solidification; casting; nucleation; grain growth
A Performance–Based Building Code in Use
Authors: Newhouse Kevin
Published: January 2013

The trend in development of building codes has been to move away from prescriptive codes that describe a particular method that must be complied with, to performance–based or objective–based codes that describe the outcome or level of performance to be achieved. The development of the Building Code of Australia followed this trend, with a fully performance–based version of the code being released in 1996.

An independent review of the Australian Building Codes Board, including the impact of the performance–based code was undertaken in 1999. This review reached conclusions about whether the code had met the expectations that were originally envisaged.

The performance-based Building Code of Australia followed the ‘Nordic model’ of performance hierarchy, consisting of Objectives, Functional Statements and Performance Requirements. After 3 years of use of the code, and with a major review of how the code should develop in the future under way, the appropriateness of the Nordic model is being questioned.

This paper identifies the experiences gained from use of the Building Code of Australia´s performance hierarchy, and factors associated with the regulatory environment that have the potential to influence its success. The code re–development process will be described and current thinking on changes to the performance hierarchy will be exposed. The results from the independent review of the performance–based code is reported here in.
Isolation and Characterization of Halotolerant Aerobic Bacteria From Oil Reservoir
Authors: Md. Illias Rosli , Ooi Seok Wei , Idris Ahmad Kamal , Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Aizan
Published: January 2013

Beberapa bakteria halotoleran telah berjaya dipencilkan daripada sampel air masin telaga minyak Semangkok di mana ujian biokimia dan morfologi telah dijalankan bagi bakteria ini. Hampir semua bakteria yang dipencilkan tergolong di dalam genus Bacillus. Sebahagian besar daripada pencilan berkeupayaan untuk hidup di dalam medium pertumbuhan yang mengandungi kerosen sebagai sumber karbon utama dan tenaga dan berkeupayaan untuk hidup di dalam medium dengan kepekatan NaCI diantara 10–15%. Ujian ketegangan antara permukaan (IFT) menunjukkan pencilan menghasilkan biosurfaktan. Enam daripada sembilan pencilan menghasilkan eksopolisakarida di dalam medium pertumbuhan yang mungkin penting di dalam MEOR.

Kata kunci: Bakteria; pencirian; pengasingan; Surfaktan; Eksopolisakarida

Several halotolerant bacteria were isolated from brine samples from Semangkok oil reservoir. Biochemical and morphological characterization of the bacteria were carried out. These bacteria are gram positive spore formers and have been identified as belonging to the genus Bacillus. Most of the isolates could grow in medium containing kerosene as sole carbon source and energy and tolerate NaCI concentration up to 15%. Interfacial tension and surface tension tests showed that the bacteria were capable of producing biosurfactant. Six out of nine were able to produce exopolysaccharide. We believe these isolate could be appointed as future biopolymer producer especially for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR).

Keywords: Bacteria; Characterization; Isolation; Surfactant; Exopolysaccharides.
Performance Evaluation of Wavelet-Based Algorithm for Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Inspection
Authors: Ibrahim Zuwairie , Al-Attas Syed Abdul Rahman , Aspar Zulfakar , Ghazali Rokhamsani
Published: January 2013

Operasi perbezaan imej seringkali digunakan dalam pemeriksaan papan litar bercetak secara automatik dan tidak terkecuali juga dalam banyak aplikasi pemprosesan imej yang lain. Pelaksanaan sistem pemeriksaan ini sangat bergantung kepada kelajuan operasi ini, di mana ia adalah masalah umum berkaitan dengan pembezaan imej. Matlamat teknik kami adalah untuk memperoleh pemeriksaan secara waktu nyata dengan menggunakan ubahan wavelet. Kertas kerja ini membentangkan satu algoritma baru berasaskan wavelet untuk pembezaan imej, dimana pembezaan imej dilakukan ke atas keluaran ubahan wavelet. Keputusan pelaksanaan teknik ini ke atas imej–imej papan litar bercetak menunjukkan pembaikan yang ketara berbanding dengan pembezaan imej secara tradisional.

Kata kunci: Pembezaan imej; ubahan wavelet; papan litar bercetak; masa pemeriksaan

Image difference operation is frequently used in automated printed circuit board (PCB) inspection system as well as in many other image processing applications. The inspection system performance depends critically on the speed of this operation, which is a common problem related to the image difference. The goal of our technique is to achieve real time inspection using wavelet transform. This paper presents a new wavelet–based algorithm for image difference, which computes image difference to the output of the wavelet transform. The results of applying the technique to PCB images showed significant improvement on the traditional image differencing.

Key words: Image difference; wavelet transform; printed circuit board; inspection time
Alternative Piping Material for Malaysian Fuel Gas Distribution
Authors: Abdul Majid Zulkifli , Yaacob Zulkefli
Published: January 2013

Sistem pengagihan bahan api gas di Malaysia boleh dibahagikan kepada sistem pengagihan gas asli dan sistem pengagihan gas petroleum cecair. Sistem talian paip pengagihan untuk gas asli dan gas petroleum cecair di Malaysia menggunakan bahan perpaipan sama ada dari jenis keluli ataupun jenis plastik (paip polietilena). Walau bagaimanapun, adalah menjadi kebiasaan bagi negara–negara seperti Amerika Syarikat, Australia, Kanada, Eropah dan Jepun menggunakan paip “copper” dalam sistem talian paip pengagihan mereka. Paip tembaga telah didapati sebagai bahan yang alternatif yang sesuai dan selamat untuk sistem pengagihan dalaman. Oleh itu, paip “copper” sepatutnya turut dipertimbangkan sebagai bahan alternatif bagi perpaipan untuk pengagihan gas di Malaysia.

Kertas keria ini akan membincangkan tentang apa yang dinyatakan dalam piawai dan kod antarabangsa serta tempatan mengenai paip “copper”, had penggunaan dan pengujian ke atas kandungan hidrogen sulfida dalam bahan api gas di Malaysia dalam menentukan kesesuaian penggunaan “copper” sebagai bahan alternatif bagi perpaipan. Perbandingan terhadap penggunaan paip “copper” pada sistem talian paip di negara lain dan had sistem talian paip gas di Malaysia, penilaian terhadap prestasi dan juga had penggunaan paip “copper” dari perspektif kod amalan antarabangsa dan kod amalan di Malaysia juga dibincangkan.

Kata kunci: Paip “Copper”; retikulasi bahan api gas; perpaipan gas

Fuel gas distribution system in Malaysia can be divided into the Natural Gas (NG) and the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) distribution system. The distribution pipeline system for NG and LPG in Malaysia are using either steel pipes or plastic pipes (polyethylene pipe). However it has become common in other parts of the world such as the United States, Australia, Canada, Europe and Japan that copper pipes are being used for their distribution system. They have found that copper is an altemative for safe and superior piping material suitable for interior distribution systems. Therefore copper pipes should also be considered as an alternative piping material for Malaysian gas distribution.

This paper will discuss what the International Code and Malaysian Code of Practice has to say about copper, what are the limitations of using copper and also the testing of Malaysian Gas in order to determines its suitability in using copper as pipe material. The comparisons were made between the utilisation of copper pipe in gas pipeline installation in other countries and the limitations of gas pipeline systems in Malaysia, the assessment of their performance and the duty limit of copper pipes.

Key words: Copper pipe; fuel gas reticulation; gas pipeline
Senario Pendidikan Moral Masyarakat Melayu Zaman Teknologi Komunikasi Maklumat (ICT): Trend, Hala Tuju dan Model Pendidikan Moral Keluarga Islam
Authors: Abd. Hamid Mohd. Ashar , Suratman Azmi Shah , Othman Muhamad Fauzi
Published: January 2013

Kertas kerja ini ditulis berdasarkan pengamatan analitikal kritis secara deskriptif. Pada hemat kami, pendekatan ini memadai untuk memerihalkan senario pendidikan moral masyarakat Melayu dan impaknya pada era globalisasi ini. Berdasarkan statistik yang terdapat dalam sekian banyak akhbar, majalah, jurnal serta laporan yang dikeluarkan oleh pihak wewenang menunjukkan kerosakan dan kegawatan sosial sedang melanda masyarakat Melayu masa kini. Mengapa hal ini boleh berlaku? Sedangkan kita menyedari bahawa ‘Islam’ adalah agama masyarakat Melayu. Jika diamati secara mendalam, dinamisme Islam seolah–olah kabur dan hilang dalam jiwa dan pemikiran masyarakat Melayu. Hal ini berlaku apabila masyarakat Melayu semakin meminggirkan cara hidup Islam dalam kehidupan seharian mereka.

Kata kunci: Pendidikan moral masyarakat Melayu; pendidikan moral Islam; impak modeni

This paper is written based on a descriptive–critical analysis. We felt that the apporach used is adequate to explain the scenario of moral education among the Malay community and its impact in the era of globalization. Statistics presented in various newspaper reports, journals and reports released by the authorities indicates that today there is an acute decadence of social values among the Malays. Why do this happen? We are aware that Islam is the religion of the Malay community. However, if we contemplate closely, it is as if the dynamism of Islam is dissapearing from the Malays heart and mind. This happened when the Malays started to be aloof from the teachings of Islam in everyday living.

Key words: Moral education of the Malay society; Islamic moral education; impact of modernization
Pad Brek Kenderaan Persendirian: Kajian ke atas mikrostruktur lapisan pindah
Authors: Talib R.J. , Muchtar A. , Azhari C.H.
Published: January 2013

Mikrostruktur permukaan bahan geseran brek beransur berubah dengan peningkatan masa pembrekan dan beban kenaan. Setiap sampel menjalani ujian geseran dengan lima beban kenaan (100 N, 200 N, 400 N, 600 N, 800 N) dan masa pembrekan yang berlainan (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 minit). Perubahan permukaan sampel diperhatikan selepas setiap kali menjalani ujian geseran dengan menggunakan teknik kemikroskopan elektron imbasan. Pada permulaan pembrekan, proses adunan bahan pindah berlaku. Pembrekan seterusnya menyebabkan berlaku urutan perubahan lapisan pindah seperti berikut; (i) pembentukan tampalan pindah, (ii) penjanaan lapisan menutupi permukaan secara menyeluruh, (iii) pembentukan lapisan pindah berbilang, dan (iv) lapisan pindah paparan lebur. Penelitian ke atas bahan yang dikaji menunjukkan darjah perubahan permukaan haus menjadi lebih intensif dengan peningkatan masa pembrekan dan beban kenaan.

Kata kunci: pad brek; ujian geseran; MEI; tampalan pindah; lapisan pindah

Surface microstructures of brake friction materials gradually change with increase in braking time and applied loads. Each sample is subjected to five different applied loads (100 N, 200 N, 400 N, 600 N, 800 N) and braking times (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 minutes). The surface changes were observed after each friction test by using scanning electron microscopy technique. A process of mixed transfer materials was observed upon the onset of braking. With subsequent brakings, the following sequence of changes on transfer materials was observed; (i) formation of patches of transfer material, (ii) generation of continuous transfer materials, (iii) formation of multilayer of transfer materials, and (iv) formation of transfer material that behaves like a fluid. Investigation on the SEM micrographs showed that the degree of surface changes became severe with increase in braking times and applied loads.

Key words: brake pad; friction test; SEM; transfer patches; transfer layers
Single Machine Common Due Date Scheduling Problems Using Neural Network
Authors: Hamad Abdelaziz , Sanugi Bahrom , Salleh Shaharuddin
Published: January 2013

Kertas ini membincangkan pendekatan rangkaian neural bagi masalah penjadualan dengan tarikh akhir sepunya pada satu kumpulan mesin statik yang tunggal. Objektif kajian ialah untuk menyusun kerja-kerja pada mesin supaya jumlah kos diminimumkan. Kos ini merupakan gubahan daripada jumlah kos awalan dan jumlah kos akhiran. Rangkaian neural adalah model yang sesuai dalam masalah ini kerana sifat masalah yang boleh dikategorikan sebagai NP-Sukar. Kajian ini membuktikan, rangkaian neural adalah efektif dan kukuh dalam menghasilkan penyelesaian hampir optimum kepada masalah ini.

Kata kunci: rangkaian neutral; mesin statik yang tunggal; penjadualan

This paper presents an approach for scheduling under a common due date on static single machine problem based on artificial neural network. The objective is to sequence the jobs on the machine so that the total cost be minimized. This cost is composed of the total earliness and the total tardiness cost. Neural network is a suitable model in our study due to the fact that the problem is NP-hard. In our study, neural network has been proven to be effective and robust in generating optimal solutions to the problem.

Key words: neutral networks; static single machine; scheduling
Modelling Techniques for Rectangular Dielectric Waveguides â€“ Ribs Waveguides
Authors: Mohd Supaâ€™at Abu Sahmah , Mohammad Abu Bakar , Mohd Kassim Norazan
Published: January 2013

Retangular dielectric waveguides have been known as a basic device structure in integrated optics. Result of waveguide analysis is very useful in the study of mode propagation characteristics in a waveguide. In this paper optical propagation in dielectric waveguides have been analyzed using the semi analytical effective index method and a numerical method based on finite difference approach. Full waveguide cross-section and open boundary condition have been considered. This models the exponential decay field at a sufficient distance. Both the propagation characteristic and the field of the guided modes can be calculated very efficiently on a personal computer with modest computational time. This method is applied to the well established test structured for a ribs waveguides. Comparison has been made and some limitations to accuracy have been identified.

Key words: Dielectric waveguide; Propagation characteristic; Effective index method; Finite difference; Open boundary condition
Internet Advertising and Selling Strategies
Authors: Lloyd Tam Yew King
Published: January 2013

Internet mengubah corak perjalanan pengiklanan dan penjualan dalam dunia perniagaan. Ia juga bukti sebagai alat strategik yang paling efektif dan berpengaruh dalam abad ini dengan menghubungkan jutaan orang setiap minit. Kertas kerja ini mengemukakan strategi pengiklanan melalui Internet untuk menarik lebih ramai pelawat ke laman Web syarikat, sama ada untuk mencari maklumat mengenai syarikat atau/dan produknya, atau melakukan elektronik dagang (eâ€“dagang) melalui Internet. Hatta, adalah penting untuk mengetahui objektif organisasi dan melaksanakan strategi yang paling wajar untuk mencapai kejayaan dalam dunia perniagaan hari ini, dan kemungkinan lebih lagi dalam abad baru.

Kata kunci: teknologi internet; World Wide Web; elektronik dagang

The Internet is transforming the way in which advertising and selling are conducted in the business world. Indeed, it is proving to be the most effective and influential promotional tool of the century by reaching millions of people every minute. This paper highlights the strategies of Internet advertising in attracting more visitors to the companyÂ´s Web site, either to seek for information about the company or/and itÂ´s products, or to conduct electronic commerce (eâ€“commerce) via Internet. Hence, knowing the organisation objective(s) and implementing the most appropriate strategies are essential to gaining success in the business world today, and probably more in the new millennium.

Key words: Internet technology; World Wide Web; Electronic commerce
Modelling and Simulation of Retentate-Permeate Recycle Premeator for the Enrichment of Methane
Authors: Thomas Choong S.Y. , Abd. Aziz Ramlan
Published: January 2013

Ketulenan komponen kurang telap (CH4) boleh dipertingkatkan dengan menggunakan penelap kitar semula bendalir tertelap-tertahan. Sebuah model matematik telah dibangunkan dan kesan parameter terhadap ketulenan dan pemulihan aliran sisa telah dikaji melalui penyelakuan. Penahan didapati lebih berkesan digunakan pada keadaan nisbah tekanan yang rendah, komposisi komponen kurang telap yang rendah dalam suapan, dan kememilihan unggul yang tinggi. Terdapat juga satu julat optimum bagi luas membran tak berdimensi supaya penelap kitar semula boleh beroperasi dengan berkesan. Kebolehgunaan penelap ini dalam pengayaan metana daripada biogas dan gas asli turut dipertimbangkan. Penelap kitar semula didapati berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam pengayaan metana daripada biogas.

Kata kunci: Membran; penelap; pengayaan metana; biogas; pemodelan; penyelakuan

The purity of less permeable component (CH4) can be enhanced by using a retentate-permeate recycle permeator. A mathematical model has been derived and the effect of some parameters on the retentate purity and recovery have been studied through simulation. The retentate-permeate recycle permeator has been found to be more effective at low pressure ratio, low composition of the less permeable component in the feed, and large ideal selectivity. There is an optimal range of dimensionless membrane area for effective recycle. The applicability of retentate-permeate recycle permeator in enrichment of methane from biogas and natural gas has been considered. It was found that the retentate-permeate recycle permeator has the potential to be used in enrichment of methane in biogas.

Key words: Membrane; permeator; methane enrichment; biogas; modelling; simulation
Penyediaan dan Pencirian Membran Pertukaran Anion bagi Proses Elektrodialisis
Authors: M. Mahadevan , Sim W. K. , Ling L. P. , M. Y. Zainal Abidin , S. Mohamad Roji
Published: January 2013

Elektrodialisis merupakan suatu proses yang menggunakan perbezaan keupayaan elektrik sebagai daya penggerak (driving force) yang menyebabkan pergerakan ion-ion dalam sesuatu elektrolit. Membran yang digunakan dalam proses ini akan membenarkan sama ada cas-cas positif atau negatif sahaja melaluinya bergantung kepada kumpulan berfungsi yang terikat pada membran. Objektif utama projek penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menghasilkan membran pertukaran anion yang digunakan dalam proses elektrodialisis. Membran-membran pertukaran anion yang dihasilkan terbahagi kepada enam jenis, dan diberi nama sebagai BERL-A30, A40, A50, A60, A70, dan A80. Keenam-enam jenis membran ini berbeza dari segi kandungan resin yang berfungsi sebagai vektor pertukaran cas anion. Di samping penyediaan membran, penyelidikan ini juga meliputi aspek pencirian membran tersebut serta perbandingannya dengan membran komersial. Kriteria yang dikaji adalah ketebalan membran, sifat kebolehtelapan, sifat pembengkakan membran dalam air, kapasiti pertukaran ion, kapasiti kepekatan ion kumpulan berfungsi dan morfologi membran. Secara keseluruhannya didapati peratus kandungan resin yang tinggi boleh meningkatkan kapasiti pertukaran ion, peratus kebolehtelapan membran serta kapasiti kepekatan ion kumpulan berfungsi. Di antara membran yang dihasil, membran pertukaran anion jenis BERL-A70 merupakan membran yang berpotensi dalam penggunaan proses elektrodialisis.

Kata kunci: membran pertukaran anion; polisulfon; resin pertukaran ion; ciri-ciri membran; elektrodialisis

The objective of work was to fabricate a locally produced anion exchange membrane, which can be used in electrodialysis process. The anion exchange membranes were fabricated using polysulfone as binder and anion exchange resin powder as polyelectrolyte by the solution casting method. The synthesised anion exchange membranes were different from the conventional anion exchange membranes because its functional group is not derived from chlorosulfonic acid but from absorption of anion exchange resin. The content of resin in each set of the synthesised anion exchange membrane was varied to test the optimum resin content to be used in the synthesised membrane. In addition, the performance and behavior of the synthesised membrane were evaluated and compared with the commercial anion exchange membranes. The analysed criteria were the membrane thickness, permselectivity, and concentration of ion exchange group, ion exchange capacity, chemical stability, water content and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the increase in quantity of resin (%) would increase the capacity of ion exchange, percentage of permselectivity and capacity concentration of ion exchange group. The experimental results showed that anion exchange membrane having a good selectivity and permeability was successfully synthesised in the lab.

Key words: Anion exchange membrane; electrodialysis; polysulfone; ion exchange resin; membrane characterisation
An Analysis of the Static and Dynamic Stability of an Hypersonic Transport Aircraft Longitudinal Motion Flying at Hypersonic Speeds and Various Heights
Authors: Mclean D. , Zaludin Z.A. , Arora P.R.
Published: January 2013

Suatu kajian tentang kestabilan statik dan dinamik pesawat pengangkutan hipersonik hipotesis telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan model matematik untuk pergerakan membujur semasa penerbangan di keadaan penerbangan yang berlainan. Hasil daripada analisis kestabilan menunjukkan bahawa pesawat tersebut akan menjadi lebih tidak stabil apabila penerbangan di nombor Mach dan ketinggian yang lebih tinggi daripada keadaan penerbangan nominal. Juga disertakan di sini keadaan enjin scramjet apabila pesawat ini terbang pada kelajuan hipersonik dan ketinggian yang berlainan.

Kata kunci: dinamik pesawat; kestabilan dinamik; kestabilan statik; enjin scramjet

A study of the static and dynamic stability of an hypothetical hypersonic transport aircraft was conducted based on a mathematical model of the longitudinal motion of the aircraft flying at a number of different flight conditions. The result from the stability analysis has shown that the aircraft becomes even less stable at higher Mach numbers and heights than the nominal flight condition. Also discussed here is the scramjet engine condition when the aircraft was simulated to be flying at hypersonic speeds and different heights.

Key words: aircraft dynamics; dynamic stability; static stability; scramjet engine
Data Transfer Between CAD System and RP System: A Report
Authors: Abd. Syukur Syaimak , Md Tap Masine
Published: January 2013

Sistem Rapid Prototyping (RP) ialah teknologi yang menukar sesuatu reka bentuk yang dibina dalam Computer Aided Design (CAD) ke suatu komponen model 3D. Model CAD biasanya dibina dalam sistem CAD yang kemudiannya dihantar ke sistem RP. Antaramuka yang baik antara sistem CAD dan sistem RP adalah salah satu faktor penting dalam menghasilkan prototaip yang berkualiti tinggi. Kertas kerja ini melaporkan hasil uji kaji yang dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti masalah-masalah dalam memindahkan data antara satu sistem CAD (UNIGRAPHICS) dan satu sistem RP (QUICKSLICE). Berdasarkan hasil uji kaji dan analisis yang dijalankan, satu garis panduan dicadangkan untuk perpindahan data yang lebih berkesan antara sistem CAD (UNIGRAPHICS) dan sistem RP (QUICKSLICE).

Kata kunci: CAD; CAM; CAD/CAM; Rapid Prototyping

Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a technology that transform a design generated in Computer Aided Design (CAD) to a 3D model parts. CAD models are usually done on a CAD system and then transported into the RP system. A good interface between the CAD and the RP system is one of the key factors of producing a good quality prototype. This paper reports on the results of an experimentation carried out to identify the problems in transferring data between a CAD system (UNIGRAPHICS) and an RP system (QUICKSLICE). Based on the experimentation’s results and analysis, a basic guideline is proposed for a safer data transfer between the CAD system (UNIGRAPHICS) and an RP system (QUICKSLICE).

Key words: CAD; CAM; CAD/CAM; Rapid Prototyping
Peranan Faktor Struktur dalam Model Nilai Tanah: Kajian Kes Bandar Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Oetomo Hening Widi , Rainis Ruslan
Published: January 2013

Model nilai tanah merupakan model untuk menaksir nilai tanah berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang dikenal pasti dapat mempengaruhi nilai tanah. Secara umum ada empat (4) kumpulan faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai tanah iaitu struktur, kejiranan, lokasi dan masa. Sebahagian besar daripada faktor ini memerlukan data ruangan yang dahulunya sukar dijana kerana kekurangan alatan yang sesuai. Perkembangan dalam sistem maklumat geografi (GIS) membolehkan berbagai-bagai jenis analisis ruangan yang diperlukan seperti pengkelasan semula, penindanan, pengukuran jarak dan kehampiran, kejiranan, rangkaian dan permukaan dapat dilakukan dengan lebih mudah. Kajian ini cuba membentuk satu model nilai tanah dengan memfokuskan kepada faktor struktur. Sebanyak empat pemboleh ubah struktur lot tanah diambil kira iaitu keluasan, lebar hadapan, indeks landskap (bentuk lot) dan arah orientasi. Kaedah statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi terhadap sampel 148 transaksi lot tanah. Daripada analisis hanya dua pemboleh ubah iaitu luas dan bentuk lot signifikan pada tahap 0.05 dan berjaya menerangkan sebanyak 74% daripada variasi nilai tanah.

Kata kunci: nilai tanah; GIS; faktor struktur

A model of land value is a model to estimate land value based on factors identified to influence land value. Generally, there are four groups of factors that influence land value i.e. structural, neighborhood, location and time. Most of these factors need spatial data that were difficult to generate in the past due to the lack of appropriate tools. The recent development in Geographical Information System (GIS) enables the various spatial analysis such as reclassification, overlay, distance measurement and proximity, neighborhood, network and surface analysis to be a carried out with ease. This study attempts to develop a land value model with a particular focus on structural factors. Four structural factors were considered in the model namely size, width of frontage, landscape index (shape of lot) and orientation. The model was developed using multiple regression analysis based on a sample of 148 lots of land transaction. From the analysis, only two variables i.e. size and landscape index were statistically significant at 0.05 level and successfully explained 74% of the variation in land value.

Key words: land value; GIS; structural factor
Fuzzy Linear Programming: A Modern Tool for Decision Making
Authors: Vasant Pandian M. , Nagarajan R. , Yaacob Sazali
Published: January 2013

The modern trend in industrial application problem deserves modeling of all relevant vague or fuzzy information involved in a real decision making problem. In the first part of the paper, some explanations on tri partite fuzzy linear programming approach and its importance have been given. In the second part, the usefulness of the proposed S-curve membership function is established using a real life industrial production planning of a chocolate manufacturing unit. The unit produces 8 products using 8 raw materials, mixed in various proportions by 9 different processes under 29 constraints. A solution to this problem establishes the usefulness of the suggested membership function for decision making in industrial production planning.

Key words: Fuzzy linear programming, Satisfactory solution; Decision maker; Implementer; Analyst; Fuzzy constraint; Vagueness.
Penerbitan Maklumat Tiga Dimensi Sebuah Lukisan Garisan Menggunakan Kaedah Jumlah Kuasa Dua Terkecil
Authors: Haron Habibollah , Mohamed Dzulkifli
Published: January 2013

Pengekstrakan lukisan garisan melibatkan proses menukar lukisan garisan tidak sekata kepada lukisan sekata, mendapatkan entiti asas simpang, garisan serta kawasan dan seterusnya mendapatkan maklumat tiga dimensi lukisan. Proses penukaran lukisan tidak sekata akan menghasilkan maklumat dua dimensi lukisan dan maklumat geometri dua dimensi lukisan iaitu simpang, garisan dan kawasan masing-masing yang mewakili unjuran bucu, pinggir dan permukaan dalam tiga dimensi. Berdasarkan maklumat geometri dua dimensi ini, jenis kenalaran imej ditentukan untuk membentuk set sistem linear lebih tentu. Grimstead menggunakan empat kenalaran imej dan menggunakan lelaran kuasa dua terkecil untuk menyelesaikan sistem linear lebih tentu yang dihasilkan. Kertas kerja ini akan mencadangkan kaedah jumlah kuasa dua terkecil untuk menyelesaikan sistem linear lebih tentu yang dibentuk oleh dua kenalaran imej. Perbandingan dengan kaedah Grimstead akan ditunjukkan dan penerangan akan dibantu oleh kes kajian dan paparan output.

Kata kunci: Terjemahan garisan; Jumlah Kuasa Dua Terkecil; ruang gradien; kenalaran imej; sistem linear

Line drawing interpretation involves process of converting irregular line drawing to regular line drawing. The converting process produces junctions, lines and regions that are two-dimensional projection of vertices, edges, and faces of a solid model respectively. Based on the geometric information obtained, image regularities are determined and a over-determined sets of linear systems is developed. Grimstead used the three image regularities in the linear system and iterative ordinary least square to solve them. The paper is intended to propose Total Least Square method in solving over-determined sets of linear system of image regularities of a line drawing. Two image regularities have been used. The solutions obtained are visualized with the help of MATLAB tool. Case study is given to assist the explaination.

Key words: Line Interpretation; Total Least Square Method; Gradient Space; Image Regularities; Linear System
The Role of Socio-Economic and Cultural Factors in Municipal Solid Waste Generation: A Case Study in Taman Perling, Johor Bahru
Authors: Mohd. Yusof Mohd. Badruddin , Othman Fadil , Hashim Normala , Ali Nur Cahaya
Published: January 2013

Satu daripada masalah utama dalam pembangunan sistem pengurusan sisa pepejal bersepadu di Malaysia ialah kekurangan data menyeluruh tentang penjanaan dan komposisi sisa. Perkara ini perlu diatasi demi memudahkan perancangan pengurusan pada masa akan datang. Walaupun terdapat banyak kajian tentang sisa pepejal, antaranya ialah Abd. Karim et al. (1996), Sabarinah (1997), dan Salim et al. (1994), tetapi model dan pendekatan yang lebih jelas masih diperlukan bagi menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi penjanaan sisa pepejal oleh sesebuah komuniti di Malaysia. Kajian yang telah dijalankan di Taman Perling, Johor Bahru mendapati bahawa faktor pendapatan, pendidikan, lain-lain faktor kemasyarakatan kurang mempengaruhi jumlan penjanaan sisa pepejal domestik. Hanya faktor saiz isi rumah dan cara hidup menunjukkan korelasi terhadap jumlah sisa yang dijana. Jumlah sisa berkorelasi secara positif dengan saiz isi rumah, tetapi berkorelasi secara negatif terhadap kekerapan makan di luar rumah. Ini bermakna, pada lazimnya, keluarga besar menjana jumlah sisa yang lebih banyak daripada keluarga yang bersaiz kecil. Begitu juga dengan mereka yang jarang mengunjungi restoran atau gerai makan didapati menghasilkan sisa lebih berbanding keluarga yang kerap makan di luar rumah. Hasil kajian memberi perspektif yang baru terhadap teori penjanaan sisa yang selama ini kerap mengaitkan aspek pendapatan dan faktor sosioekonomi dengan jumlah sisa domestik. Penemuan ini juga mengajar kita supaya lebih prihatin terhadap faktor sosial dan gaya hidup yang mempengaruhi tren penjanaan sisa, seterusnya dalam usaha menangani masalah pengurusan sisa pepejal domestik pada masa akan datang.

Kata kunci: sisa domestik; faktor sosioekonomi; saiz keluarga; cara hidup dan tabiat pemakanan

The absence of a comprehensive database on solid waste generation and composition appears to be the major drawback to the development of an integrated waste management system in Malaysia. While many studies have been conducted on related fields, such as Abd. Karim et al. (1996), Sabarinah (1997) and Salim et al. (1994), there is still a lack of clear model or approach in determining attributes influencing the amount of wastes generated by our community. A study conducted in Taman Perling, Johor Bahru has showns that such as attributes as income, education, and other socio-economic factors barely affect the amount of waste generated. It seems that only family size and lifestyle factors, particularly the eating habits of residents, contribute significantly to variations in the generation of residential waste in the study area. While the amount increases with the size of family, it decreases as the respondents dine out more often. This study suggests new insights concerning the role of social factors and lifestyle in affecting the generation of household waste.

Key words: Domestic waste generation; socio-economic factors; family size; lifestyle; eating habits
Kesediaan Guru-guru Perdagangan Di Wilayah Persekutuan dari Aspek Pengetahuan Kaedah Pengajaran dan Sikap Terhadap Pengajaran Subjek Pengajian Keusahawanan
Authors: Buang Nor Aishah , Yap Poh Moi
Published: January 2013

Subjek Pengajian Keusahawanan akan diajarkan di sekolah-sekolah menengah seluruh Malaysia sebagai satu subjek elektif di bawah kumpulan Teknik dan Vokasional. Kandungan subjek ini tertumpu pada hal ehwal yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan keusahawanan. Kajian ini bertujuan meninjau kesediaan guru-guru Perdagangan yang akan mengajar subjek apabila ia dilaksanakan kelak dari aspek pengetahuan kaedah pengajaran yang sesuai dan sikap terhadap subjek Pengajian Keusahawanan ini. Seramai 80 orang guru-guru Perdagangan di Wilayah Persekutuan dipilih sebagai sampel. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan dengan teknik soal selidik. Statistik deskriptif peratus, min dan sisihan piawai digunakan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap pengetahuan kaedah pengajaran guru-guru Perdagangan berkaitan topik-topik tertentu dalam sukatan pelajaran subjek Pengajian Keusahawanan adalah terhad. Majoriti guru-guru Perdagangan memilih kaedah kerja kumpulan dan penerangan sebagai kaedah pengajaran yang paling sesuai dalam mengajar kebanyakan topik-topik tersebut berbanding dengan kaedah yang sepatutnya iaitu kaedah simulasi dan kerja lapangan. Sikap guru-guru terhadap subjek ini adalah sederhana posifif dan perlu dipertingkatkan lagi supaya lebih bersemangat untuk merangsangkan semangat, minat dan motivasi pelajar terhadap bidang keusahawanan. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan guru-guru Perdagangan perlu dilatih semula untuk mengajar subjek Pengajian Keusahawanan.
Perancangan Pendidikan Untuk Pembangunan Sumber Manusia dalam Era Globalisasi dan K-Ekonomi
Authors: Mustapha Ramlee , Husin Ramziah
Published: January 2013

Terdapat pelbagai tafsiran tentang konsep globalisasi dan k–ekonomi berdasarkan perspektif yang berbeza. Masyarakat Malaysia seharusnya dapat meneliti impak globalisasi dan k–ekonomi secara kritis supaya dapat menanganinya. Ini kerana masyarakat Malaysia terpaksa terus berdepan dengan cabaran baru yang dibawa oleh globalisasi dan k-ekonomi. Kemajuan dalam bidang teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (Information and Communication Technology) akan terus menjana proses globalisasi ini. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau perancangan pendidikan ke arah pembangunan sumber manusia dalam menghadapi arus globalisasi dan k–ekonomi di Malaysia. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa pendidikan dan perancangan pendidikan akan terus memainkan peranan utama bagi menyediakan sumber manusia untuk bersaing di peringkat global.

Kata kunci: globilasasi k-ekonomi; perancangan pendidikan; pembangunan sumber manusia

There are a variety of interpretations of globalisation and k–economy based on different perspectives. Malaysians need to examine the impact of globalisation and k–economy so that they can provide input on how to face the challenges of globalisation and k–economy. The advancement of Information and Communication Technology will expediate the process of globalisation. The purpose of this article is to review the impact of educational planning on human resource development in facing the challenges of globalisation and k–economy. The results show that educational planning will continue to play a critical role in providing human resource for Malaysia to compete the global arena.

Key words: globalisation; k-economy; educational planning; human resource development
Kepimpinan Transaksi/ Transformasi dan Ciri Kerja Profesional Teknologi Maklumat Sektor Awam Malaysia
Authors: Wan Ismail Wan Faridah Akmal , Mohamad Noor Azmi , Mad Shah Ishak
Published: January 2013

Kajian ini mengkaji hubungan gaya kepimpinan dan ciri kerja di Unit/Bahagian Perkhidmatan Maklumat sektor awam Malaysia. Seramai 31 orang pengurus Teknologi Maklumat sektor awam telah bekerjasama memberikan maklumat untuk kajian ini. Kepimpinan transaksi menunjukkan lebih banyak memberi pengiktirafan dan pujian kepada kakitangan profesional tetapi rendah dalam pemberian ganjaran. Kepimpinan transformasi menunjukkan gaya karismatik tinggi berbanding komponen lain dalam gaya kepimpinan transformasi. Ciri kerja menunjukkan tahap tinggi dalam kepentingan tugas dan keperluan bekerjasama dalam menjalankan tugas tetapi dengan tahap rendah dalam autonomi tugas. Kajian ini mendapati tiada hubungan bererti antara gaya kepimpinan dengan ciri kerja, tetapi wujud hubungan bererti antara kepimpinan transaksi dengan ciri kerja identiti tugas, maklum balas dari kerja, dan ciri kerja keseluruhan manakala kepimpinan transformasi pula hanya menunjukkan hubungan bererti dengan ciri kerja kepelbagaian kemahiran, dan tidak bererti kepada ciri kerja keseluruhan.

Kata kunci: gaya kepimpinan; ciri kerja; teknologi maklumat; sektor awam

This research investigates the relationship of leadership and job characteristics in the Information Technology centers of the Malaysian public sector departments. 31 Information Technology managers of the public sector departments participated in the study. Transactional leadership emphasizes recognition and recommendations to their professionals but was low in giving rewards. Transformational leadership showed a high charismatic leadership compared to the other components of transformational leadership. Job characteristics showed high job significant and dealing with others but were low in job autonomy. The study found that there is no significant relationship between leadership style and job characteristics, but there exists a significant relationship between transactional leadership and job identity, feedback from job, and with job characteristics itself; whilst transformational leadership showed a significant relatinship with task variety but not significant with job characteristics.

Key words: leadership style; job characteristics; information technology; public sector departments
Komunikasi Pengetua-Guru: Satu Analisis
Authors: Ba´ada Ariffin , Sidin Robiah
Published: January 2013

Rencana ini membincangkan komunikasi antara pengetua dan guru berasaskan dapatan kajian di daerah Hulu Langat, Selangor. Rencana juga membincangkan secara terhad, hubungan dan kesan bentuk komunikasi terhadap kepuasan kerja guru. Komunikasi pengetua diukur dengan menggunakan soal selidik Supervisory Communication Scale (SCS) manakala kepuasan kerja guru diukur menggunakan Indeks Kepuasan Kerja. Didapati bahawa tempat bentuk komunikasi yang kerap diamalkan oleh pengetua ialah penerangan kerja, maklum balas, ekspresi positif dan penglibatan. Bagaimanapun hanya komunikasi penerangan kerja, maklum balas dan ekspresi positif mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja guru. Cara guru-guru perempuan berbanding guru-guru lelaki, juga guru-guru yang berijazah berbanding guru-guru tidak berijazah, menilai amalan komunikasi oleh pengetua iaitu adalah sedikit berbeza.

This article discusses communication between principals and teachers based on the findings of a study in the Hulu Langat district of Selangor. To a limited extent, it also discusses the relationship and effect of types communication on teachers’ job satisfaction. Types of communication among principals were determined using the Supervisory Communication Scale (SCS) while the Job Satisfaction Index were used to measure job satisfaction among teachers. The findings showed that communication types commonly used were job explanation, responses, positive expressive and involvement. However only job explanation, responses and positive expressive were found to have contributed meaningfully towards teachers’ job satisfaction. Female teachers viewed the way the principals communicate differently form their male counterparts. Graduate and non-graduate teachers too showed differences in their perceptions.
Islamic Thoughts On Societal Planning & Management
Authors: Quazi Dr. Akef M.A.
Published: January 2013

This conference has undertaken to examine The Islamic Approach to Technological Development. Technological development has two dimensions - the hardware and the software. I have chosen to look into the realm of Islamic 'software' in terms ofdevelopment particularly societal development.The 'software' here would include some of the basic tenets of Islam, and social thoughts ofsome Muslim scholars as inspired by the Islamic ideology.I cannot claim to be an original researcher on Islamic tenet, principles and values. nor do I dare offer any new interpretation ofthose. Much of the materials in this paper are based on absorbing works of other Muslim scholars. What I have tried to achieve in this paper is to present a platform consisting ofthoughts ofsome of the prominent Muslim thinkers of the past and the present, which appeal to me as very relevant for societal planning, and on which other Mus lim thinkers, leaders, and planners may like to give further thoughts. Whenever I have referred to Islamic tenets on my own accord,are those which, I trust, are common knowledge to all Muslims.My hopes and aspiration in writing this paper has been that Muslims by faith are members of one community; - we should not land ourselves into any controversy, rather on the contrary - this conference should serve as one of the sources of intellectual unity, and pave the way for us to forge ahead as a world community of harmony, peace, progress and leadership.
Thermal Performance Analysis Of Solar Air Heaters
Authors: Jamil Mohamad , Darus Prof. Madya Amer Nordin
Published: January 2013

A computer routine to calculate the thermal performance of several different low temperature types of flat-plate air heaters is to be discussed. Analysis of each type is also described. The programme accepts as input real or simulated flux, collector geometry, air flow rate and enviromental data. It computes temperatures and extracts energy as a function of time of the day. The programme evaluates radiation,convection, conduction and wind losses, and the radiation exchange with the enviromental conditions.The procedure used in the derivation of the governing equations is also described. The prediction of performance provided by this programme is particularly useful in comparing performances of different collectors and for studying a specific collector's performance with changes in enviroment and design parameters which can be controlled to some extent by the designer.
The Photogrammetric Technique And Recording Of Part Of The Malayan Railway Headquarters Building By Stereoplotting
Authors: Seeni Mohd Mohd Ibrahim
Published: January 2013

Bangunan dan struktur yang merupakan sebahagian dari warisan kebudayaan sebuah negara perlu direkod. Kaedah-kaedah tradisional bukan sahaja mengambil masa yang lama, tetapi juga adalah kurang tepat. Di samping itu kaedah-kaedah ini adalah tidak sesuai untuk bahagian yang susah dicapai. Teknik jotogrametri telah membuktikan bahawa ianya tidak sedemikian. Rencana ini pertamanya, menyentuh secara ringkas mengenai prinsip pengukuran fotogrametri. Bahagian kedua membincangkan prosidur yang diperlukan di lapangan dan di makmal untuk merekod sebahagian dari bangunan /bu Pejabat Kmtatif Tanah Melayu dengan pelotan secara fotogrametri stereo.

There is a need to record buildings and structure which are part of the cultural heritage of a nation.The traditional methods are time-consuming and less accurate. They are also unsuitable at inaccessible parts. Photogrammetric techniques have proved to be otherwise. This paper, firstly, deals briefly with the principles of photogrammetric measurement. Secondly, it discusses the necessary field and laboratory procedures that were required to record part of the Malayan Railway Headquarters building by photogrammetric stereoplotting.
Huruf Jawi Untuk Pameran Komputer
Authors: Mohd Salleh Syed Yahaya
Published: January 2013

Di sini rencana ini membincangkan kaedah bagaimana sesuatu himpunan huruf Jawi untuk kegunaan komputer direkabentuk. Huruf Jawi ini direkabentuk berdasarkan penggunaannya di dalam kad peranraramuka yang dibina khas untuk komputer mikro jenis Apple II. Di sini juga dibentangkan kajian terhadap kaedah huruf Jawi yang paling sesuai untuk kegunaan komputer berbanding. dengan sistem huruf-huruf Abjad yang digunakan secara meluasnya pada masakini.