bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study for a suspension bridge with a main span of 3700 m.
Authors: Ijselmuijden Kees , Reusink Jaco , Tromp Liesbeth , Meijers Sander , Hagenaars Peter , Swart Alex , Smits Joris
Published: March 2016

For the E39 in Norway, there is currently a concept for a bridge crossing of 3700m with 2 floating piers; the intermediate piers are incorporated because a single span is deemed to be unfeasible.

This project inspired the authors to perform a study for this crossing of the fjord with 1 single span of 3700m. Recent developments in material show that lighter structures are possible for bridges. Fiber Reinforced Polymer is one of these high potential materials.

In this paper we study if it’s possible (beneficial) to design such a structure using Fiber Reinforced Polymer both in the cables and the deck structure. The main advantage of this material is its high strength, the reduction of structural dead weight and the significant reduction of maintenance compared to traditional bridge materials.

The main difficulties that had to be overcome were the aerodynamics of the deck, the resistance against horizontal wind loading and the strength verifications of the suspension cables.

An architect’s opinion and impressions are included to give an idea of the structure under consideration.
Dynamic Characteristics of a Longitudinally Asymmetrical Multi-Span Suspension Bridge: The Chacao Bridge
Authors: Pizarro Diego , Hube Matías A. , Valenzuela Matias , Márquez Marcelo
Published: March 2016

The objective of this research is to study the dynamic characteristics of longitudinally asymmetrical multi-span bridges by using the current design of the Chacao Bridge, a longitudinally asymmetrical multi-span suspension bridge that will be constructed in Chile. With a total length of 2,75 km and a maximum span of 1.155 m it will be the suspension structure with the longest span in Latin America. To obtain the mode shapes and frequencies, a three-dimensional finite element model is developed using the software ANSYS. Results showed that the first transverse frequency is 0,0635 Hz and the first vertical frequency is 0,1130 Hz. The obtained dynamic characteristics are compared with those of a symmetrical multi-span suspension bridge with similar characteristics. Finally, a parametric study to analyse the influence of the central pylon in the dynamic characteristics of a longitudinally asymmetrical multi-span suspension bridge is conducted.
Using Agricultural Residue Biochar to Improve Soil Quality of Desert Soils
Authors: Zhang Yunhe , Idowu Omololu , Brewer Catherine
Published: March 2016

A laboratory study was conducted to test the effects of biochars made from different feedstocks on soil quality indicators of arid soils. Biochars were produced from four locally-available agricultural residues: pecan shells, pecan orchard prunings, cotton gin trash, and yard waste, using a lab-scale pyrolyzer operated at 450 °C under a nitrogen environment and slow pyrolysis conditions. Two local arid soils used for crop production, a sandy loam and a clay loam, were amended with these biochars at a rate of 45 Mg·ha−1 and incubated for three weeks in a growth chamber. The soils were analyzed for multiple soil quality indicators including soil organic matter content, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and available nutrients. Results showed that amendment with cotton gin trash biochar has the greatest impact on both soils, significantly increasing SOM and plant nutrient (P, K, Ca, Mn) contents, as well as increasing the electrical conductivity, which creates concerns about soil salinity. Other biochar treatments significantly elevated soil salinity in clay loam soil, except for pecan shell biochar amended soil, which was not statistically different in EC from the control treatment. Generally, the effects of the biochar amendments were minimal for many soil measurements and varied with soil texture. Effects of biochars on soil salinity and pH/nutrient availability will be important considerations for research on biochar application to arid soils.
Geographically Weighted Regression of Determinants Affecting Women’s Access to Land in Africa
Authors: Tsiko Rodney
Published: March 2016

The underlying motivation of this study is to account for the spatial variation of factors affecting women’s access to land, which has been largely ignored by the traditional regression-based model studies, much to the detriment of spatially varying relationships. Using household and individual-level data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), this study used Geographically Weighted Regression to explore and analyze the spatial relationships between women’s access to own or family land and determinants that influence women’s access to land in Africa. The results demonstrated that HIV-positive women in West Africa and Ethiopia were more likely to have access to own land than family land. Educated women in North, West and Southern Africa were less likely to have access to own land than their non-educated counterparts. Population density exhibited predominantly negative influence over women’s access to both own and family land. The relationship between rural areas and women’s access to their own land was mostly not significant across the continent. However, both rural and urban women in West Africa and Ethiopia were negatively associated with access to family land. Women within the 15–24 age group in West, Central and East Africa were more likely to have access to own land than family land, while those within the 25–34 and 35–49 age groups had a better chance of gaining access to family than own land, with the results being significant in Southern, West and North Africa. While some of the reasons for these variations have been discussed in this paper there is still need for further investigation particularly focusing on smaller regions since this study shows that women’s access to land changes as one crosses geographical boundaries even within the same country.
TLR-4 and CD14 Genotypes and Soluble CD14: Could They Predispose to Coronary Atherosclerosis?
Authors: Konstantinidou Maria , Goutas Nikos , Vlachodimitropoulos Dimitrios , Chaidaroglou Antigoni , Stefanou Demetrios , Poumpouridou Nikoleta , Mastorakou Renata , Gazouli Maria , Kyparissopoulos Dimitrios , Spiliopoulou Chara
Published: March 2016

Background: Inflammatory mechanisms are key to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Functional polymorphisms of TLR-4, Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, CD14 promoter area C260T polymorphism and plasma levels of soluble CD14 are studied in subjects with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Methods: DNA was obtained from 100 human paraffin-embedded aortic specimens, from cadavers with known coronary atheromatosis (Group A) and 100 blood samples from patients with CAD, as detected by cardiac Multi-Detector-row-Computed-Tomography (MDCT) (Group B). Our control group consisted of 100 healthy individuals (Group C). Genotyping was performed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RFLP-PCR). Plasma levels of sCD14 were measured with ELISA. Results: For TLR-4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms, no statistically significant differences were observed. Regarding the C260T polymorphism, frequencies of T allele were significantly higher in the control group compared to the case group (p = 0.05). The Odds Ratio (OR) showed statistically significant association of TT genotype with healthy individuals (OR 0.25, 95% Confidence Interval CI 0.10–0.62, p = 0.0017). Plasma levels of sCD14 in patients with CAD (mean value = 1.35 μg/mL) were reduced when compared to reference value. Conclusions: The studied polymorphisms ofTLR-4 showed no association with CAD. Conversely, the functional polymorphism of CD14 has a statistically significant difference in expression between healthy and affected by CAD individuals.
The Genetics of Osteoarthritis: A Review
Authors: Warner Sophie , Valdes Ana
Published: March 2016

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and is a leading cause of pain and disability worldwide. There is thought to be an important genetic component to the development of OA. In this review article, the methods used to study the genetics of OA are discussed, along with the main findings from these analyses, with a particular focus on the results of genome-wide association scans (GWAS). Functional validation of the results from genetic studies of OA is also described to put the genetic results into a biological context and show their relevance to the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of OA. The clinical relevance of the genetic findings to date is also discussed, as well as the research, which is still needed in this field to further improve the understanding of OA pathogenesis.
Phosphorylation of Akt by SC79 Prevents Iron Accumulation and Ameliorates Early Brain Injury in a Model of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Hao Shuangying , Song Chuanhui , Shang Longcheng , Jiang Yu , Qiao Tong , Li Kuanyu
Published: March 2016

Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of Akt may alleviate early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is undertaken to determine whether iron metabolism is involved in the beneficial effect of Akt activation after SAH. Therefore, we used a novel molecule, SC79, to activate Akt in an experimental Sprague–Dawley rat model of SAH. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: sham, SAH, SAH + vehicle, SAH + SC79. The results confirmed that SC79 effectively enhanced the defense against oxidative stress and alleviated EBI in the temporal lobe after SAH. Interestingly, we found that phosphorylation of Akt by SC79 reduced cell surface transferrin receptor-mediated iron uptake and promoted ferroportin-mediated iron transport after SAH. As a result, SC79 administration diminished the iron content in the brain tissue. Moreover, the impaired Fe-S cluster biogenesis was recovered and loss of the activities of the Fe-S cluster-containing enzymes were regained, indicating that injured mitochondrial functions are restored to healthy levels. These findings suggest that disrupted iron homeostasis could contribute to EBI and Akt activation may regulate iron metabolism to relieve iron toxicity, further protecting neurons from EBI after SAH.
Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Baicalin-Induced Drug Interaction and Its Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Noh Keumhan , Kang Youra , Nepal Mahesh , Jeong Ki , Oh Do , Kang Mi , Lee Sangkyu , Kang Wonku , Jeong Hye , Jeong Tae
Published: March 2016

Since many glycoside compounds in natural products are hydrolyzed by intestinal microbiota when administered orally, it is of interest to know whether their pharmacological effects are derived from the glycoside itself or from the aglycone form in vivo. An interesting example is baicalin versus baicalein, the aglycone of baicalin, which is contained in some herbs from Labiatae including Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Scutellaria lateriflora Linne. The herbs have been extensively used for treatment of inflammatory diseases in Asia. Although there have been numerous reports regarding the pharmacological effects of baicalin and baicalein in vivo and in vitro, some reports indicated that the glycoside form would hardly be absorbed in the intestine and that it should be hydrolyzed to baicalein in advance for absorption. Therefore, the role of metabolism by intestinal microbiota should also be considered in the metabolism of baicalin. In addition, baicalin contains a glucuronide moiety in its structure, by which baicalin and baicalein show complex pharmacokinetic behaviors, due to the interconversion between them by phase II enzymes in the body. Recently, concerns about drug interaction with baicalin and/or baicalein have been raised, because of the co-administration of Scutellaria species with certain drugs. Herein, we reviewed the role of intestinal microbiota in pharmacokinetic characteristics of baicalin and baicalein, with regards to their pharmacological and toxicological effects.
Colloidal Gold-Mediated Delivery of Bleomycin for Improved Outcome in Chemotherapy
Authors: Yang Celina , Uertz Jamie , Chithrani Devika
Published: March 2016

Nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to overcome the side effects of poor distribution of anticancer drugs. Among other NPs, colloidal gold nanoparticles (GNPs) offer the possibility of transporting major quantities of drugs due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. This is while confining these anticancer drugs as closely as possible to their biological targets through passive and active targeting, thus ensuring limited harmful systemic distribution. In this study, we chose to use bleomycin (BLM) as the anticancer drug due to its limited therapeutic efficiency (harmful side effects). BLM was conjugated onto GNPs through a thiol bond. The effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic drug, BLM, is observed by visualizing DNA double strand breaks and by calculating the survival fraction. The action of the drug (where the drug takes effect) is known to be in the nucleus, and our experiments have shown that some of the GNPs carrying BLM were present in the nucleus. The use of GNPs to deliver BLM increased the delivery and therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Having a better control over delivery of anticancer drugs using GNPs will establish a more successful NP-based platform for a combined therapeutic approach. This is due to the fact that GNPs can also be used as radiation dose enhancers in cancer research.
Minimally-Myelosuppressive Asparaginase-Containing Induction Regimen for Treatment of a Jehovah’s Witness with mutant IDH1/NPM1/NRAS Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Emadi Ashkan , Bade Najeebah , Stevenson Brandi , Singh Zeba
Published: March 2016

Treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who do not wish to accept blood product transfusion, including Jehovah’s Witnesses, is extremely challenging. The use of conventional chemotherapy for induction of complete remission (CR) results in profound anemia and thrombocytopenia requiring frequent transfusions of blood products, without which such treatment will be life-threatening. Finding a well tolerable, minimally myelosuppressive induction regimen for such patients with AML is a clear example of area of unmet medical need. Here, we report a successful treatment of a 52-year-old Jehovah’s Witness with newly diagnosed AML with peg-asparaginase, vincristine and methylprednisolone. The AML was characterized with normal karyotype, and mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1-Arg132Ser), nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1-Trp289Cysfs*12) and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS-G1y12Va1). After one 28-day cycle of treatment, the patient achieved complete remission with incomplete count recovery (CRi) and after the second cycle, he achieved CR with full blood count recovery. The patient has never received any blood products. Notwithstanding that myeloperoxidase-induced oxidative degradation of vincristine results in its lack of activity as monotherapy in AML, its combination with corticosteroid and asparaginase has resulted in a robust remission in this patient. Diminished steroid clearance by asparaginase activity as well as reduction in serum glutamine level induced by glutaminase enzymatic activity of asparaginase may have contributed to effective killing of the myeloblasts that carry IDH1/NPM1/NRAS mutations. In conclusion, asparaginase-containing regimens, which are approved for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but not AML, can be used to treat patients with AML who do not accept blood transfusion.
The Ins and Outs of Anthrax Toxin
Authors: Friebe Sarah , Van der Goot F. , Bürgi Jérôme
Published: March 2016

Anthrax is a severe, although rather rare, infectious disease that is caused by the Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The infectious form is the spore and the major virulence factors of the bacterium are its poly-γ-D-glutamic acid capsule and the tripartite anthrax toxin. The discovery of the anthrax toxin receptors in the early 2000s has allowed in-depth studies on the mechanisms of anthrax toxin cellular entry and translocation from the endocytic compartment to the cytoplasm. The toxin generally hijacks the endocytic pathway of CMG2 and TEM8, the two anthrax toxin receptors, in order to reach the endosomes. From there, the pore-forming subunit of the toxin inserts into endosomal membranes and enables translocation of the two catalytic subunits. Insertion of the pore-forming unit preferentially occurs in intraluminal vesicles rather than the limiting membrane of the endosome, leading to the translocation of the enzymatic subunits in the lumen of these vesicles. This has important consequences that will be discussed. Ultimately, the toxins reach the cytosol where they act on their respective targets. Target modification has severe consequences on cell behavior, in particular on cells of the immune system, allowing the spread of the bacterium, in severe cases leading to host death. Here we will review the literature on anthrax disease with a focus on the structure of the toxin, how it enters cells and its immunological effects.
Efficiency improvement in the cantilever photothermal excitation method using a photothermal conversion layer
Authors: Inada Natsumi , Asakawa Hitoshi , Kobayashi Taiki , Fukuma Takeshi
Published: March 2016

Photothermal excitation is a cantilever excitation method that enables stable and accurate operation for dynamic-mode AFM measurements. However, the low excitation efficiency of the method has often limited its application in practical studies. In this study, we propose a method for improving the photothermal excitation efficiency by coating cantilever backside surface near its fixed end with colloidal graphite as a photothermal conversion (PTC) layer. The excitation efficiency for a standard cantilever of PPP-NCHAuD with a spring constant of ≈40 N/m and a relatively stiff cantilever of AC55 with a spring constant of ≈140 N/m were improved by 6.1 times and 2.5 times, respectively, by coating with a PTC layer. We experimentally demonstrate high stability of the PTC layer in liquid by AFM imaging of a mica surface with atomic resolution in phosphate buffer saline solution for more than 2 h without any indication of possible contamination from the coating. The proposed method, using a PTC layer made of colloidal graphite, greatly enhances photothermal excitation efficiency even for a relatively stiff cantilever in liquid.
L’ire et la frayeur en Europe centrale
Authors: Gradvohl Paul
Published: March 2016

C’est dans un horizon de tristesse, de peur et de frustration qu’éclatent les colères en Europe centrale. Ces dernières sont marquées par la rancœur envers l’Ouest, la concurrence des mémoires et les tensions démographiques. Peut-on les désarmer ?
Une passion venue de loin
Authors: Hénaff Marcel
Published: March 2016

Les mythes évoquent le fond violent de la colère, mais, comme Aristote, ils l’inscrivent dans une logique de réciprocité. Au contraire, l’État impérial et le monothéisme chrétien ont centralisé la colère dans un souverain. Assisterions-nous à une nouvelle dissémination de la colère ?
Dies irae
Authors: Schlegel Jean-Louis
Published: March 2016

Dans la Bible, les colères de Dieu sont multiples mais toujours motivées par l’injustice dans le monde. Les dévoiements meurtriers du thème du « jour de colère » prétendent exercer le jugement à sa place.
« Que sont nos colères devenues ? »
Authors: Boudic Goulven
Published: March 2016

L’histoire d’ Esprit témoigne d’oscillations entre des colères intransigeantes et les compromis de l’engagement politique. Les colères plus récentes ont été souvent motivées par la critique du réformisme.
Mondialisation : communication globale et création de valeur
Authors: Gardel Michel
Published: March 2016

La communication globale désigne l’ensemble des potentialités de communication de l’entreprise. Elle exprime également la nécessité d’avoir une communication cohérente pour les acteurs économiques mondiaux du fait des nouvelles technologies qui rendent l’information disponible partout et tout le temps. Une communication, pour être durablement efficace, requiert la conjugaison de trois éléments majeurs : la cohérence, la différenciation, et la transparence. La communication globale aura pour mission de construire un territoire exclusif pour l’entreprise. Elle rendra cohérentes et synergiques les différentes communications de l’entreprise (produit, marque, corporate , institutionnelle). L’omnipotence d’internet et l’avènement du « village global » confèrent à la société mondiale actuelle une organisation polycentrique. Dans une société fragmentée, face à une démobilisation du discours politique, l’entreprise pourrait jouer un rôle historique. Elle pourrait devenir le réceptacle, le point de rencontre, de nouvelles valeurs humaines, économiques et sociétales.
Management et éthos méditerranéen : par-delà le global et le local
Authors: Frimousse Soufyane
Published: March 2016

L’appréhension du monde est abreuvée de recherches qui demeurent prisonnières des canons de la sociologie wébérienne, des travaux de Durkheim et des traditions anthropologiques qui figent les sociétés dans un classement binaire ou dans des idéaux-types qui ne reflètent pas la complexité des évolutions historiques et des réalités. Notre positionnement culturel et intellectuel est tout autre. Nous pensons que les notions de local et de global ont besoin d’être repensées dans le cadre d’un processus en mouvement au lieu d’être considérées comme des entités figées. Le management entendu comme l’ensemble des techniques d’organisation de ressources afin d’obtenir une performance est fortement concerné par ces métamorphoses, notamment entre les rives nord et sud de la Méditerranée. En effet, la Méditerranée est un espace de rencontre entre Nord et Sud, tradition et modernité, Occident et Orient... Notre recherche s’efforce de démontrer que la Méditerranée peut engendrer des processus de remodelage du management entre global et local.
Независимые множества в графах
Authors: Dainiak Alexander Borisovich , Sapozhenko Aleksandr Antonovich
Published: March 2016

Представлена сводка результатов, касающихся перечисления независимых множеств в графах, а также некоторых смежных вопросов. Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ, проект 16-01-00593-а.
О тестах замыкания для контактных схем
Authors: Popkov Kirill Andreevich
Published: March 2016

Рассматривается задача синтеза двухполюсных контактных схем, реализующих булевы функции от $n$ переменных и допускающих короткие проверяющие и диагностические тесты относительно замыканий контактов. Установлено, что почти все булевы функции от $n$ переменных реализуемы неизбыточными двухполюсными контактными схемами, допускающими единичные проверяющие, полные проверяющие и единичные диагностические тесты константной длины. Доказано также, что: 1) любую булеву функцию $f(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ можно реализовать неизбыточной двухполюсной контактной схемой, содержащей не более одной входной переменной, отличной от переменных $x_1,\ldots,x_n$, и допускающей единичный и полный проверяющий тесты длины не более $2n$; 2) любую булеву функцию $f(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ можно реализовать неизбыточной двухполюсной контактной схемой, содержащей не более двух входных переменных, отличных от переменных $x_1,\ldots,x_n$, и допускающей единичный диагностический тест длины не более $4n$. Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ, проект № 14-01-00598 ("Вопросы синтеза, сложности и контроля управляющих систем") и программы фундаментальных исследований ОМН РАН "Алгебраические и комбинаторные методы математической кибернетики и информационные системы нового поколения"(проект "Задачи оптимального синтеза управляющих систем").
Вторая координатная последовательность линейной рекурренты максимального периода над собственным кольцом Галуа нечетной характеристики
Authors: Tsypyschev Vadim Nikolaevich
Published: March 2016

Под собственным кольцом Галуа понимается кольцо Галуа, отличное от поля и от кольца вычетов. В работе описываются делители и кратные минимального многочлена второй $p$-адической координатной последовательности линейной рекуррентной последовательности максимального периода (ЛРП МП) над собственным кольцом Галуа нечетной характеристики и их связь с начальным вектором этой ЛРП. В качестве следствий получены нетривиальные верхняя и нижняя оценки ранга второй координатной последовательности ЛРП МП над собственным кольцом Галуа нечетной характеристики.
Обобщение алгоритма Риссанена на факторизацию блочно-ганкелевых матриц для решения систем линейных уравнений
Authors: Cherepnev Mikhail Alekseevich
Published: March 2016

Предлагается обобщение известного алгоритма Ж.Риссанена [1] для решения систем линейных уравнений с блочно-ганкелевыми и блочно-теплицевыми матрицами.
« La première fois que j’ai joué… » : l’expérience d’adolescents considérés comme ayant des difficultés avec les jeux de hasard et d’argent
Authors: Savard Annie-Claude , Turcotte Daniel , Tremblay Joël
Published: March 2016

This study describes the initial gambling experiences of teenagers who have developed problem gambling habits with regard to: a) the nature of the gambling activities, b) the significance of the first experience in terms of the benefits and attractive aspects of gambling, and c) the progression toward the development of problematic behaviours. The research design draws on secondary analysis of data from semi-structured interviews carried out with 31 adolescents with problem gambling behaviours in treatment for the consumption of psychoactive substances (PS). An analysis of the teenagers' responses reveals the existence of material, emotive and social benefits associated with their first gambling experience and the exacerbation of their behaviours. The results were analysed in light of the teenagers' social context: popularity of certain games, importance of performance, wealth and the pursuit of pleasure.
Bodhisattva Jizō and Folk Religious Influences: Elements of Folk Religion in Jizō’s Understanding in Japan
Authors: LAKIĆ PARAĆ Iva
Published: March 2016

In this paper I will focus on religious meanings that surround Bodhisattva Jizō and their connection with Japanese traditional folk religious beliefs and practices that have greatly influenced the present-day interpretation of the Jizō phenomena in Japan. Jizō is an ideal case for illustrating the functioning of religious currents in Japan and perfectly reveals how these currents were mutually complementary in the past and how they work today.
Introduction
Authors: ROŠKER Jana S.
Published: March 2016

Spirituality plays a significant role in shaping the cohesion of communities, their values, and their structures across the globe. Various religious practices and ideational systems are particularly complex in Asia. Home to some of the world major spiritual traditions such as Hinduism and Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism, as well as to a relevant number of practicing Christians, Muslims, and self-identified atheists and agnostics, Asia provides us with an intense and extraordinarily rich tapestry of different religious and spiritual practices...
Kinesiologic Tape Breaking the Traditional Pharmacologic Management of Postoperative Morbidity
Authors: Ramesh Keerthi , Dutta Abhishek , Gopinath AL , Reyazulla MA , Srivastava Shatakshi , Agarwal Shruthi
Published: March 2016

Objectives

Zygomatic maxillary complex fractures are common in trauma affecting maxillofacial region. Surgical treatment of these fractures causes pain, trismus and swelling, invariably affecting quality of life of patient postoperatively. To control these effects, various pharmacologic methods have been tried, but in vain. The kinesiologic tape (KT) opens the congested blood vessels and lymphatic channels, thereby improving flow across them. The goal of this study was to assess if the application of KT controls postoperative swelling as compared to corticosteroids.

Materials and methods

Twenty patients with zygomatic maxillary complex fractures, were randomly divided into two groups that is treatment either with KT or without KT using dexamethasone. Kinesiologic tape was placed starting immediately after surgery till 5 days postoperatively. Facial swelling was assessed at six specific time points, across by different lines on the face.

Results

Overall maximal swelling was seen among patients without the KT. Patients in the KT group showed maximal swelling in the immediate postoperative period, while patients in the no-KT group with dexamethasone had maximum swelling on day one. Also when we compare the extent of swelling on different days in the KT group, there is significant reduction in swelling (p < 0.05) compared to the other group.

Conclusion

Therefore, KT is a holistic, minimally invasive, economical approach which is improves patients’ quality of life without the adverse effects of drugs.

How to cite this article

Dutta A, Gopinath al, Reyazulla MA, Ramesh K, Srivastava S, Agarwal S. Kinesiologic Tape Breaking the Traditional Pharmacologic Management of Postoperative Morbidity. World J Dent 2015;6(4):199-202.
Representing the effects of stratosphere-troposphere exchange on 3D O3 distributions in chemistry transport models using a potential vorticity based parameterization
Authors: Xing Jia , Mathur Rohit , Pleim Jonathan , Hogrefe Christian , Wang Jiandong , Gan Chuen-Meei , Sarwar Golam , Wong David C. , McKeen Stuart
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Downward transport of ozone (O3) from the stratosphere can be a significant contributor to tropospheric O3 background levels. However, this process often is not well represented in current regional models. In this study, we develop a seasonally and spatially varying potential vorticity (PV)-based function to numerically assimilate upper tropospheric / lower stratospheric (UTLS) O3 in a chemistry transport model. This dynamic O3-PV function is parametrized based on 21-year ozonesonde records from World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) with corresponding PV values from a 21-year Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation across the northern hemisphere from 1990 to 2010. The result suggests strong spatial and seasonal variations of O3/PV ratios which exhibits large values in the upper layers and in high latitude regions, with highest values in spring and the lowest values in autumn over an annual cycle. The newly-developed O3/PV function was then applied in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for an annual simulation of the year 2006. The simulated UTLS O3 agrees much better with observations in both magnitude and seasonality after the implementation of the new function. Considerable impacts on surface O3 model performance were found in the comparison with observations from three observational networks, i.e., EMEP, CASTNET and WDCGG. With the new function, the negative bias in spring is reduced from −20 to −15 % in the reference case to −9 to −1 %, while the positive bias in autumn is increased from 1 to 15 % in the reference case to 5 to 22 %. Therefore, the downward transport of O3 from upper layers has large impacts on surface concentration and needs to be properly represented in regional models.
Variability of projected terrestrial biosphere responses to elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 due to uncertainty in biological nitrogen fixation
Authors: Meyerholt Johannes , Zaehle Sönke , Smith Matthew J.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Including a terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycle in Earth system models has led to substantial attenuation of predicted biosphere–climate feedbacks. However, the magnitude of this attenuation remains uncertain. A particularly important but highly uncertain process is biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), which is the largest natural input of N to land ecosystems globally. In order to quantify this uncertainty and estimate likely effects on terrestrial biosphere dynamics, we applied six alternative formulations of BNF spanning the range of process formulations in current state-of-the-art biosphere models within a common framework, the O-CN model: a global map of static BNF rates, two empirical relationships between BNF and other ecosystem variables (net primary productivity and evapotranspiration), two process-oriented formulations based on plant N status, and an optimality-based approach. We examined the resulting differences in model predictions under ambient and elevated atmospheric [CO2] and found that the predicted global BNF rates and their spatial distribution for contemporary conditions were broadly comparable, ranging from 108 to 148 Tg N yr−1 (median: 128 Tg N yr−1), despite distinct regional patterns associated with the assumptions of each approach. Notwithstanding, model responses in BNF rates to elevated levels of atmospheric [CO2] (+200 ppm) ranged between −4 Tg N yr−1 (−3 %) and 56 Tg N yr−1 (+42 %) (median: 7 Tg N yr−1 (+8 %)). As a consequence, future projections of global ecosystem carbon (C) storage (+281 to +353 Pg C, or +13 to +16 %) as well as N2O emission (−1.6 to +0.5 Tg N yr−1, or −19 to +7 %) differed significantly across the different model formulations. Our results emphasize the importance of better understanding the nature and magnitude of BNF responses to change-induced perturbations, particularly through new empirical perturbation experiments and improved model representation.
Isotopic offset between unconfined water and water adsorbed to organic matter in equilibrium
Authors: Chen Guo , Auerswald Karl , Schnyder Hans
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Hydrophilic surfaces influence the structure of water close to them and may thus affect the isotope composition of water. Such an effect should be relevant and detectable for materials with large surface areas and low water contents. The relationship between the volumetric solid:water ratio and the enrichment of heavy isotopes in adsorbed water compared with unconfined water was investigated for the materials silage, hay, organic soil (litter), filter paper, cotton, casein and flour. Each of these materials was equilibrated via the gas phase with unconfined water of known isotopic composition to quantify the isotopic difference between adsorbed water and unconfined water. Across all materials, enrichment of the adsorbed water was significant and negative (on average −0.91 ‰ for 18O and −20.6 ‰ for 2H at an average solid:water ratio of 0.9). The observed enrichment was not caused by solutes, volatiles or old water because the enrichment did not disappear for washed or oven dried silage, the enrichment was also found in filter paper and cotton, and the enrichment was independent of the isotopic composition of the unconfined water. Enrichment became linearly more negative with increasing volumetric solid:water ratio and even exceeded −4 ‰ for 18O and −44 ‰ for 2H. This enrichment behavior could be modeled by assuming two water layers: a thin layer that is in direct contact and influenced by the surface of the solid and a second layer of varying thickness depending on the total moisture content that is in equilibrium with the surrounding vapor. When we applied the model to soil water under grassland, the soil water extracted from 7 cm and 20 cm depth was significantly closer to local meteoric water than without correction for the surface effect. This study has major implications for the interpretation of the isotopic composition of water extracted from organic matter, especially when the volumetric solid:water ratio is larger than 0.5 or for processes occurring at the solid-water interface.
Qualidade de vida e tratamento hemodialítico: avaliação do portador de insuficiência renal crônica
Authors: Cordeiro Jacqueline Andréia Bernardes Leão , Brasil Virginia Visconde , Silva Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro , Oliveira Lizete Malagoni de Almeida Cavalcante , Zatta Laidilce Teles , Silva Ana Cláudia de Carvalho Mello
Published: March 2016

Os relatos de portadores de insuficiência renal crônica em hemodiálise sobre as alterações em seu cotidiano após o início do tratamento motivaram indagar quais aspectos têm alterado a qualidade de suas vidas (QV). Estudo descritivo exploratório objetivando avaliar a QV dos portadores de doença renal crônica em hemodiálise, por meio do instrumento Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF). Foram entrevistados 72 pacientes em Goiânia - Brasil, entre abril e maio de 2005. A maioria (52,8%) era do sexo masculino, idade média 51,1 ± 16,6 anos, católica, renda menor que 2 salários mínimos ou não trabalhava, tinha companheiro fixo e fazia hemodiálise há menos que 60 meses. Os maiores escores foram obtidos nas Dimensões “Estímulo por Parte da Equipe de Diálise” (88,37), “Qualidade da Interação Social” (80,83) e “Função Cognitiva” (80,74). As Dimensões “Função Física” (20,49) e “Papel Profissional” (22,22) obtiveram os menores escores. A percepção dos indivíduos nas Dimensões do KDQOL-SF foi influenciada pela religião, gênero, idade, tempo de tratamento, presença de companheiro fixo, escolaridade, se residia sozinho e pelo trabalho. Conclui-se que o indivíduo em hemodiálise sofre alterações na sua QV, as quais indicam que aspectos estão influenciando-a negativamente e que podem direcionar ações dos profissionais.
Saúde da família como estratégia para mudança do modelo de atenção: representações sociais dos usuários
Authors: Ogata Márcia Niituma , Machado Maria Lúcia Teixeira , Catoia Erika Aparecida
Published: March 2016

A atenção básica visa garantir a universalidade e integralidade na saúde e tem a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) como prioritária para a reorientação do modelo assistencial de saúde. O objetivo do estudo é analisar as representações sociais dos usuários acerca da ESF. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa em que a coleta de dados deu-se através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas em três unidades de saúde com 30 usuários. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software ALCESTE 4.5. Foram construídas quatro classes: Modelo centrado na doença; Busca por especialistas; Humanização do atendimento e Necessidade de consulta médica. A análise demonstra que a procura dos usuários pela unidade está centrada em tratamento de doenças e consulta médica e os usuários definem o atendimento da unidade como bom. A representação social da ESF deste grupo é identificada como uma unidade de saúde que presta um atendimento mais acolhedor e com criação de vínculo. Destaca-se que os usuários compreendem a ESF como um atendimento mais humanizado, mas ainda mantêm o foco na consulta médica e na doença. É importante criar espaços de conversa sobre a Estratégia de Saúde da Família com a população, assim como o desenvolvimento de ações multiprofissionais promotoras de saúde pela equipe.
Percepções e conhecimentos de pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica em tratamento conservador
Authors: Gricio Tatiana Camila , Kusumota Luciana , Cândido Marília de Lima
Published: March 2016

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é uma síndrome irreversível e progressiva das funções glomerular, tubular e endócrina dos rins. Há evidências de que intervenções adequadas e precoces podem retardar sua progressão. Foi objetivo deste estudo identificar e caracterizar pacientes em tratamento conservador e identificar suas percepções e conhecimentos em relação à DRC e tratamentos.  O referencial metodológico foi a história oral temática. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a setembro de 2007. Dos 20 pacientes entrevistados no ambulatório de uremia do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, 12 (60%) eram homens e 8 (40%) mulheres, com idade média de 58,6 anos. Dentre as comorbidades, destaca-se o elevado número de hipertensos (85%) e diabéticos (45%). Das entrevistas emergiram três categorias: 1) Conceitos imprecisos da DRC; 2) Tratamento atual; 3) Tratamento futuro. Conclusão: em sua maioria, pacientes em tratamento conservador possuem informações insuficientes a respeito da DRC e tratamentos, o que pode interferir na adesão e, consequentemente, acelerar a progressão da doença. Evidencia-se a necessidade de se construir uma abordagem educativa como estratégia para estimulá-los a aderirem ao tratamento conservador, diminuindo, assim, a morbidade e mortalidade no início e durante o tratamento dialítico.
Crenças de adolescentes portugueses sobre o uso do preservativo
Authors: Oliveira Simone Helena dos Santos , Abreu Margarida da Silva Neves , Barroso Maria Grasiela Texeira , Vieira Neiva Francenely Cunha
Published: March 2016

Esta pesquisa revela os resultados obtidos durante Doutorado Sandwich, que incluiu trabalho de campo realizado em Portugal e que teve a CAPES como agência financiadora. Seus objetivos foram: identificar as crenças comportamentais e normativas de adolescentes em relação ao uso do preservativo durante as relações sexuais e apresentar sugestões práticas que possam contribuir à definição de estratégias sólidas relacionadas ao Programa de Educação da Sexualidade na Escola. Estudo quantitativo, com base na Theory of Reasoned Action – TRA, realizado em escolas públicas do Porto, de janeiro a março de 2008. A amostra constou de 252 adolescentes, de 13 a 19 anos, que responderam a um questionário estruturado. A idade média dos participantes foi de 14,7 anos.  As vantagens para o uso do preservativo foram: prevenção de DSTs, da gravidez e da SIDA. As desvantagens foram: risco de romper, diminuição do prazer e incômodo. Entre os referentes positivos se destacaram amigos, pais e família. Os resultados obtidos revelaram crenças positivas e negativas, podendo àquelas serem reforçadas e estas minimizadas ou transformadas em positivas, durante as estratégias do programa que vem sendo desenvolvido nas escolas, servindo de contribuição para que os jovens exerçam uma vida sexual saudável.
Perfil de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica: implicações para o cuidado de enfermagem
Authors: Fernandes Michelle Villas Boas , Aliti Graziella , Souza Emiliane N.
Published: March 2016

A gravidade dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (RM) tem aumentado consideravelmente nas últimas décadas. O objetivo deste estudo de coorte contemporâneo foi identificar o perfil clínico e cirúrgico dos pacientes submetidos à RM. Os dados foram extraídos do prontuário de 58 pacientes internados num hospital de referência em cardiologia de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, no ano de 2006, desde a sua chegada até a alta ou o 7º dia de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). A idade média foi 65,3+9,7 anos, predominância do sexo masculino (70,7%), hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi a comorbidade mais prevalente (86,2%), seguida por dislipidemia (60,3%) e diabetes (36,2%). A cirurgia de RM isolada foi realizada em 82,8% da amostra, com circulação extracorpórea em 39,7% das cirurgias. Complicações pós-operatórias ocorreram em 48,3% dos pacientes; a fibrilação atrial (FA) foi a complicação mais frequente (20,7%). Houve associação entre idade, tempo de permanência na UTI e complicações pós-operatórias (p<0,05). Os pacientes submetidos à RM são majoritariamente homens, idosos, com fatores de risco clássicos para cardiopatia isquêmica, sendo a FA a complicação mais prevalente. O conhecimento acerca do perfil dos pacientes operados proporciona subsídios para a enfermagem planejar o cuidado em UTI.
Automonitorização da glicemia capilar no domicílio: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Teixeira Carla Regina de Souza , Zanetti Maria Lúcia , Landim Camila Aparecida Pinheiro , Becker Tânia Alves Canata , Santos Ellen Cristina Barbosa dos , Franco Rosana Cristina , Citro Rachel
Published: March 2016

A presente investigação é uma revisão integrativa que teve como objetivo buscar e avaliar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre automonitorização da glicemia capilar no domicílio para o alcance do bom controle metabólico das pessoas com diabetes mellitus, no período de 1990 a 2009. Para tanto, a seleção dos estudos foi realizada por meio de quatro bases de dados: PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), MEDLINE/BVS (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Heath Literature), resultando em 28 artigos científicos. A apresentação dos artigos incluídos nessa revisão integrativa foi distribuída em quatro quadros, considerando os seguintes pontos: periódico, ano/país, título, autoria, tipo de estudo, objetivo, resultados e conclusão. Os resultados foram discutidos de forma descritiva e em consonância com o objetivo proposto. Destaca-se a importância da automonitorização da glicemia capilar no domicílio, devendo-se, portanto, ser estimulada entre pessoas com diabetes mellitus. Contudo, torna-se necessário que o profissional de saúde esteja embasado cientificamente, para programar intervenções eficazes e atender às necessidades reais da pessoa com diabetes mellitus.
Vivências e sentimentos do cuidador familiar do paciente oncológico em cuidados paliativos
Authors: Inocenti Aline , Rodrigues Inês Gimenes , Miasso Adriana Inocenti
Published: March 2016

O câncer e seu tratamento exercem grande influência sobre os pacientes e seus familiares. Esse estudo buscou conhecer a vivência e sentimentos do cuidador familiar do paciente oncológico em cuidados paliativos. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, na qual participaram seis cuidadores familiares de portadores de câncer em cuidados paliativos, vinculados ao Sistema de Internação Domiciliar de Londrina/Paraná. Os dados foram coletados no período de junho a agosto de 2008, por meio da entrevista semi-estruturada gravada. Utilizou-se a Análise Temática de Conteúdo de Bardin para categorizar os discursos coletados. As categorias evidenciadas foram a Trajetória do cuidador frente à doença terminal e a Percepção do cuidador acerca da situação, com as subcategorias: Do diagnóstico aos cuidados paliativos no domicílio; Câncer como sinônimo de morte e sofrimento; Mudanças no cotidiano do cuidador; Dependência e infantilização do doente; Morte como vontade de Deus e Sentimentos frente ao sofrimento. Os resultados apontam para a importância de os profissionais da saúde considerarem paciente e cuidador como unidade de cuidado, pois o cuidador familiar constitui peça fundamental na fase final da doença e está sujeito a sentimentos como medo, angústia e impotência diante da proximidade da morte da pessoa à qual direciona os cuidados.
O grupo de mulheres que vivem e convivem com HIV/AIDS: um relato de experiência
Authors: Santos Walterlânia Silva , Munari Denize Bouttelet , Medeiros Marcelo
Published: March 2016

O número de mulheres infectadas com HIV e mulheres não contaminadas que se envolvem nos cuidados aos portadores é crescente. No processo assistencial, atividades grupais têm se mostrado estratégia sensível às necessidades desse grupo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar experiência com um grupo, em atividade contínua, de mulheres que vivem/convivem com HIV/AIDS. O relato descreve o movimento de um grupo de apoio para enfrentamento de obstáculos após o conhecimento da infecção, com base nos pressupostos da dinâmica de grupo. O apoio das portadoras às que convivem com pessoas com a doença e vice-versa é o diferencial no potencial terapêutico do grupo, o que traz um aprendizado aos profissionais de saúde que precisam se instrumentalizar para lidar com essa realidade cada vez mais presente nos serviços de saúde. O grupo mostra-se como tecnologia eficiente que qualifica o cuidado, por promover o emponderamento das portadoras do vírus e seus familiares.