bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why isn’t each cell its own cell type? Diminishing returns of increasing cell type diversity can explain cell type allometry
Authors: Semrau Stefan
Published: October 2022

Since the discovery of cells by Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century, thousands of different cell types have been identified, most recently by sequencing-based single-cell profiling techniques. Yet, for many organisms we still do not know, how many different cell types they are precisely composed of. A recent survey of experimental data, using mostly morphology as a proxy for cell type, revealed allometric scaling of cell type diversity with organism size. Here, I argue from an evolutionary fitness perspective and suggest that three simple assumptions can explain the observed scaling: Evolving a new cell type has, 1. a fitness cost that increases with organism size, 2. a fitness benefit that also increases with organism size but 3. diminishes exponentially with the number of existing cell types. I will show that these assumptions result in a quantitative model that fits the observed cell type numbers across organisms of all size and explains why we should not expect isometric scaling.
Protective effects of silibinin on LPS-induced inflammation in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Meng Di , Wang Yuling , Liu Tongjun
Published: October 2022

Clinically, periodontitis is a chronic nonspecific inflammation that leads to damaged teeth and their supporting gum tissues. Although many studies on periodontitis have been conducted, therapy with natural products is still rare. Silibinin has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the effects of silibinin on lipopolyssacharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in periodontal ligaments (PDLs) have not yet been investigated. In this study, the PDLs were treated with silibinin (10, 20, and 40 μM) in the presence of LPS. The results showed that silibinin treatment reduced the levels of NO, PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-1, and MMP-3 and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, silibinin treatment downregulated RANKL levels and upregulated OPG and ALP levels. In summary, silibinin protected PDLs against LPS-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and osteogenic differentiation.
Ruthenium polypyridine complexes with triphenylamine groups as antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus with membrane-disruptive mechanism
Authors: Jiang Li , Ma Yuanyuan , Xiong Yanshi , Tan Yanhui , Duan Xuemin , Liao Xiangwen , Wang Jintao
Published: October 2022

Due to the emergence and wide spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the treatment of this kind of infection becomes more and more difficult. To solve the problem of drug resistance, it is urgent to develop new antibiotics to avoid the most serious situation of no drug available. Three new Ru complexes [Ru (dmob)2PMA] (PF6)2 (Ru-1) [Ru (bpy)2PMA] (PF6)2 (Ru-2) and [Ru (dmb)2PMA] (PF6)2 (Ru-3) (dmob = 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, dmb = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine and PMA = N-(4-(1H-imidazo [4,5-f] [1,10] phenanthrolin-2-yl) -4-methyl-N-(p-tolyl) aniline) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The detailed molecular structure of Ru-3 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) were obvious and Ru-3 showed the best antibacterial effect with the minimum inhibitory concentration value of 4 μg ml−1. Therefore, further study on its biological activity showed that Ru-3 can effectively inhibit the formation of biofilm and destroy cell membrane. In vitro hemolysis test showed that Ru-3 has almost negligible cytotoxicity to mammalian red blood cells. In the toxicity test of wax moth insect model, Ru-3 exhibited low toxicity in vivo. These results, combined with histopathological studies, strongly suggest that Ru-3 was almost non-toxic. In addition, the synergistic effect of Ru-3 with common antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin and gentamicin on Staphylococcus aureus was detected by chessboard method. Finally, in vivo results revealed that Ru-3 could obviously promote the wound healing of Staphylococcus aureus infected mice.
A novel approach based on the ultrasonic-assisted microwave method for the efficient synthesis of Sc-MOF@SiO2 core/shell nanostructures for H2S gas adsorption: A controllable systematic study for a green future
Authors: Muzammil Khursheed , Solanki Reena , Alkaim Ayad F. , Romero Parra Rosario Mireya , Lafta Holya A. , Jalil Abduladheem Turki , Gupta Reena , Hammid Ali Thaeer , Mustafa Yasser Fakri
Published: October 2022

In this work, for the first time, novel Sc-MOF@SiO2 core/shell nanostructures have been synthesized under the optimal conditions of ultrasonic-assisted microwave routes. The final products showed small particle size distributions with homogeneous morphology (SEM results), high thermal stability (TG curve), high surface area (BET adsorption/desorption techniques), and significant porosity (BJH method). The final nanostructures of Sc-MOF@SiO2 core/shell with such distinct properties were used as a new compound for H2S adsorption. It was used with the systematic investigation based on a 2K−1 factorial design, which showed high-performance adsorption of about 5 mmol/g for these novel adsorbents; the optimal experimental conditions included pressure, 1.5 bar; contact time, 20 min; and temperature, 20°C. This study and its results promise a green future for the potential control of gas pollutants.
Periodontitis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis drives impaired glucose metabolism in mice
Authors: Kang Ni , Zhang Yong , Xue Fei , Duan Jinyu , Chen Fan , Cai Yu , Luan Qingxian
Published: October 2022

Periodontitis has been demonstrated to be bidirectionally associated with diabetes and has been recognized as a complication of diabetes. As a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis is a possible pathogen linking periodontal disease and systemic diseases. It has also been found to be involved in the occurrence and development of diabetes. In this study, 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were orally administered the P. gingivalis strain ATCC381 for 22 weeks. Histological analysis of the gingival tissue and quantified analysis of alveolar bone loss were performed to evaluate periodontal destruction. Body weight, fasting glucose, glucose tolerance test (GTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were used to evaluate glucose metabolism disorder. We then analyzed the expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in gingival tissue, the liver, and adipose tissue, as well as in serum. The results showed that mice in the P. gingivalis-administered group developed apparent gingival inflammation and more alveolar bone loss compared to the control group. After 22 weeks of P. gingivalis infection, significant differences were observed at 30 and 60 min for the GTT and at 15 min for the ITT. P. gingivalis-administered mice showed an increase in the mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL8, and CXCL10) in the gingiva and serum. The expression levels of the glucose metabolism-related genes were also changed in the liver and adipose tissue. Our results indicate that oral administration of P. gingivalis can induce changes in the inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the gingiva and blood, can lead to alveolar bone loss and to inflammatory changes in the liver and adipose tissues, and can promote glucose metabolism disorder in mice.
The effect of topical airway anesthesia on hemodynamic profiles during the induction period in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Du Wenya , Lv Meng , Chen Tingting , Sun Xiaxuan , Wang Jihua , Zhang Haixia , Wei Chuansong , Liu Yi , Qiao Changlong , Wang Yuelan
Published: October 2022

Background

Patients scheduled for cardiac surgery are often accompanied by cardiac dysfunction and hemodynamic instability. However, the conventional induction strategy for anesthesia using high-dose intravenous anesthetics is often associated with persistent and recurrent hypotension after tracheal intubation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of topical airway anesthesia on the hemodynamic profile of patients undergoing cardiac surgery during the induction period.

Methods

This is a superiority, single-blind, randomized controlled study with two parallel groups. Participants scheduled to undergo elective cardiac surgery will be allocated into two blocks according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification and then randomly assigned to the following two groups at a 1:1 ratio: the conventional induction group and the combined topical airway anesthesia induction group. The combined topical airway anesthesia induction strategy includes aerosol inhalation airway anesthesia, subglottic airway anesthesia, and general anesthesia induction using low-dose intravenous anesthetics. The primary outcome is the area under the curve (AUC) of blood pressure below baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 3 to 15 min after endotracheal intubation. Secondary outcomes include the AUC above baseline MAP and below baseline MAP at other time points, the highest and lowest arterial blood pressure values during the induction period, type and dose of vasoactive drugs, incidence of arrhythmias, cardiac function, and the incidence of postoperative hoarseness and sore throat.

Discussion

The study will explore whether aerosol inhalation airway anesthesia and subglottic airway anesthesia could reduce the incidence and duration of hypotension during the induction period in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Clinical Trial Registration

This trial was registered on www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05323786).
Understanding the relationship between perceived stress, academic motivation, and physical activity in college students during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Rahe Martina , Jansen Petra
Published: October 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has influenced the lives of many people. We analyzed the effects of physical activity and stress on students' motivation during the pandemic. Participants were 254 university students who reported their academic motivation, physical activity, general stress, the coronavirus pandemic strain, and their coronavirus stress. Women reported higher levels of coronavirus stress, general stress, and motivation. The coronavirus stress was predicted by the strain of the coronavirus pandemic but not by physical activity. General stress and gender predicted mastery goals, and performance goals were predicted by general stress. Physical activity was not related to students' motivation during the pandemic. Higher levels of general stress were associated with higher academic motivation. Negative emotions like stress could have enhanced students' motivation during uncertain times of the pandemic. Moreover, a moderate stress level could be favorable for academic dedication and achievement.
Combination of early Interleukin-6 and -18 levels predicts postoperative nosocomial infection
Authors: Yu Qingwei , Cen Chaoqun , Gao Min , Yuan Hong , Liu Jingjing
Published: October 2022

Background

The inflammatory response plays a critical role in postoperative nosocomial infections, which are the most common postoperative complications causing adverse events and poor postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to explore the ability of early inflammation-related factor levels to predict the occurrence of nosocomial infections after abdominal surgery.

Methods

The study included 146 patients with open abdominal surgery (a nosocomial infection group (NI group, n=42) and a no-nosocomial infection group (NNI group, n=104)). After 1:1 matching, the patients were divided into a matching nosocomial infection group (M-NI group, n=25) and a matching no-nosocomial infection group (M-NNI group, n=25). Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) were tested at three time points (pre-operation, 0-hour post-operation (POD1) and 24-hour post-operation (POD2)). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was used to test the predictive abilities.

Results

There were significant differences in the levels of IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18 between the M-NI and M-NNI groups (p < 0.05), but not in the levels of other inflammatory factors. MIF, IL-8, and MCP-1 levels were higher in the M-NI group than in the M-NNI group at POD2 (p < 0.05). In the ROC analysis, the AUC for prediction of nosocomial infection using a combination of IL-6 and IL-18 at POD1 was 0.9616, while the AUCs for IL-6 alone and IL-12 alone were 0.8584 and 0.8256, respectively.

Conclusions

The combination of the levels of inflammatory factors, IL-6 and IL-18, at the 0-hour postoperative time point, significantly improved the predictive ability to the development of postoperative infection during perioperative period. Our study suggests the importance of monitoring postoperative inflammatory markers.
Effect of thyroid function on assisted reproduction outcomes in euthyroid infertile women: A single center retrospective data analysis and a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: d’Assunção Viviane Rosado Negreiros , Montagna Erik , d’Assunção Luis Eduardo Negreiros , Caldas Maria Madalena Pessoa , Christofolini Denise Maria , Barbosa Caio Parente , Negreiros Ricardo Andre Medeiros , Laganà Antonio Simone , Oliveira Renato de , Bianco Bianca
Published: October 2022

Background

The influence of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on gestational outcomes have been studied and checked whether differing TSH levels are relevant on human reproduction outcomes. International guidelines recommend TSH values <2.5 mIU/L in women trying to conceive, since values above this level are related to a higher frequency of adverse reproductive outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate whether TSH values correlate with different gestational outcomes in euthyroid infertile women without autoimmune thyroid disease.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 256 women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The participants were divided into two groups: TSH 0.5-2.49 mIU/L (n=211) and TSH 2.5-4.5 mIU/L (n=45). The clinical data, hormonal profiles and reproductive outcomes were compared between groups. Additionally, a systematic review with meta-analysis following the PRISMA protocol was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SciELO, with no time or language restrictions, for articles comparing TSH groups named “low TSH” (<2,5 mIU/L) and “high TSH” (≥2.5 mIU/L). A meta-analysis of proportions was performed with pooled estimates expressed as relative risk (RR) of events and a random effects model.

Results

Age, BMI, free thyroxine levels (FT4) hormonal profile and IVF outcomes were not different between groups, neither gestational outcomes (p=0.982). Also, no difference was observed when the TSH and FT4 levels were compared between patients with positive or negative gestational outcomes (p=0.27 and p=0.376). Regarding the systematic review with meta-analysis, 17 studies from 2006 to 2022 were included, and added by this original retrospective research comprising 13.247 women undergoing IVF. When comparing the proportions of clinical pregnancy between the TSH groups, no significant difference was found (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.80–1.08), with high between studies heterogeneity (I²: 87%; τ2: 0.0544; p<0.01). The number of deliveries was not significantly different between groups, despite a trend towards higher frequency in the high-TSH group (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90–1.02).

Conclusion

Variation in TSH levels within the normal range was not associated with pregnancy and delivery rates in women, without autoimmune thyroid disease, who underwent IVF treatment.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD 42022306967.
Sustainable Energy Recovery From the Malaysian Coal Bottom Ash and the Effects of Fineness in Improving Concrete Properties
Authors: Beddu Salmia , Abd Manan Teh Sabariah Binti , Mohamed Nazri Fadzli , Kamal Nur Liyana Mohd , Mohamad Daud , Itam Zarina , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: October 2022

The particle size (µm) of coal bottom ash displayed significant effects on the concrete engineering properties. This research aims to assess the improvement of engineering properties of concrete containing CBA (fineness: 75 and 100 µm) known as Mix 75 and Mix 100, and to optimize the percentage of coal bottom ash as supplementary cement materials in concrete. The physicochemical properties of coal bottom ash were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution (PSD), and a scanning electron microscope. The strength of concrete was determined based on workability and compressive and splitting tensile strengths. The concrete strength improvement was optimized by response surface methodology. The results of the study showed that coal bottom ash was rich in silicates based on the highest peak at 45°. The scanning electron microscope images showed that coal bottom ash has few cenospheres and components of irregular-shaped char particles. The splitting tensile strengths in 28 curing days gradually decreased with an increase in coal bottom ash. The optimal percentage of coal bottom ash in Mix 75 is equivalent to 6% within 45.4 curing days producing 40 MPa of compressive strength. Meanwhile, the optimal percentage of CBA in Mix 100 is equivalent to 12% within 56 curing days producing 50 MPa of compressive strength. The future works needed to extend the experimental observations are the economic analysis and effect of the greenhouse reduction on the usage of CBA in building infrastructure.
Seasonal changes and determination of heavy metal concentrations in Veshaw river of the Indian western Himalaya
Authors: Rather Rauoof Ahmad , Ara Shoukat , Sharma Sanjeev , Padder Shahid Ahmad , Lone Farooq Ahmad , Mir Shakeel Ahmad , Baba Zahoor Ahmad , Ayoub Iqra Binti , Mir Ikhlaq Ahmad , Bhat Tariq Ahmad , Baba Tawseef Rehman
Published: October 2022

Trace elements are a major pollutant in the river water and these pollutants are present in all components of the ecological system. Since time immemorial, the River Veshaw has been one of the important sources of water and has shaped the cultural and social values in the Kashmir Valley. This study was conducted in rural parts of South Kashmir in the Western Himalaya from February to January 2020–2022. The river Veshaw provides various ecosystem services to the local communities as well as in the upper and lower stream regions in the form of many direct and indirect ecosystem services. The river is polluted by human waste from both rural and urban communities, as well as by agricultural runoff and effluent discharges from a variety of industrial activities due to its proximity. Effluent that makes it to the river contains a variety of pollutants, some of which are trace elements that accumulate in the local ecosystem, killing off plants and animals and reducing biodiversity. Trace element levels in water and sediment were found to follow the trend as: Sangam > Khudwani > Kulgam > Nihama > Aharbal > Kingwattan. The dominance pattern of heavy metals in water was Pb > As > Cd. The overall trend showed a downward trend of heavy metals, indicating the effect of land area drainage and anthropogenic activities on the stream water. The dominance pattern of heavy metals in water was Pb > As > Cd. Heavy metals were not detected in the middle and upstream sites. The average levels of heavy metals were highest at Downstream (Sangam), with values of Cd, Pd ad As 0.0054, 0.038 and 0.038 mgL-1. This shows that land drainage and human activities have an effect on the water in the stream.
Dynamic association between socio-economic, environmental and logistic operations: Evidence from SSA BRI host countries
Authors: Ali Aden Waiss , Zheng Jianfeng , Almoshageh Meshal , Ullah Irfan , Aziz Qaiser , Jamal Arshad
Published: October 2022

This study examines the connection among green logistic operations, countries-level economic, environmental, and social indicators in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Belt and Road Countries. Using the system generalized method of moments (S-GMM) estimator, this study analyses annual data from 2008 to 2018 and offers three key findings. First, economic indicators China’s foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness and economic output) are positively associated with green logistic operations. Second, logistics are positively correlated with renewable energy while inversely correlated with carbon emissions. Third, social indicators are also directly associated with green logistic operations measured through health expenditure and institutional quality. Lastly, information communication technology also spurs green logistic operations. Manifestly, Chinese outbound FDI in SSA substantially improved the quality of their logistics in terms of infrastructure, cost, time, customs services, tracking, and the consistency of international shipments. These findings show that green logistics provide adequate infrastructure, and supply chain partners share information more frequently, increasing trade volume, growth potential, and environmental sustainability. Similar results are also endorsed using a feasible generalized least square (FGLS) estimator and suggest that SSA should take effective measures to improve their logistics operation.
Transparent, simple and robust fast-and-frugal trees and their construction
Authors: Martignon Laura , Erickson Tim , Viale Riccardo
Published: October 2022

Today, diagnostic reasoning combines common and specialized knowledge, elements of numeracy, some facility with the basics of probability theory and, last but not least, ease in interactions with AI tools. We present procedures and tools for constructing trees that lead to understandable, transparent, simple, and robust classifications and decisions. These tools are more heuristic than optimal models, inspired by the perspective of Bounded Rationality. We describe how the tenets of Bounded Rationality provide a framework for the human-machine interaction this paper is devoted to. We claim that, because of this rationality, our proposed tools facilitate machine-aided decision making that is smooth, transparent and successful.
Toward a common approach for assessing the conservation status of marine turtle species within the european marine strategy framework directive
Authors: Girard Fanny , Girard Alexandre , Monsinjon Jonathan , Arcangeli Antonella , Belda Eduardo , Cardona Luis , Casale Paolo , Catteau Sidonie , David Léa , Dell’Amico Florence , Gambaiani Delphine , Girondot Marc , Jribi Imed , Lauriano Giancarlo , Luschi Paolo , March David , Mazaris Antonios D. , Miaud Claude , Palialexis Andreas , Sacchi Jacques , Sagarminaga Ricardo , Tepsich Paola , Tomás Jesús , Vandeperre Frederic , Claro Françoise
Published: October 2022

Environmental policies, including the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), generally rely on the measurement of indicators to assess the good environmental status (GES) and ensure the protection of marine ecosystems. However, depending on available scientific knowledge and monitoring programs in place, quantitative GES assessments are not always feasible. This is specifically the case for marine turtle species, which are listed under the Biodiversity Descriptor of the MSFD. Relying on an expert consultation, the goal of this study was to develop indicators and a common assessment approach to be employed by European Union Member States to evaluate the status of marine turtle populations in the frame of the MSFD. A dedicated international expert group was created to explore and test potential assessment approaches, in coherence with other environmental policies (i.e. Habitats Directive, OSPAR and Barcelona Conventions). Following a series of workshops, the group provided recommendations for the GES assessment of marine turtles. In particular, indicators and assessment methods were defined, setting a solid basis for future MSFD assessments. Although knowledge gaps remain, data requirements identified in this study will guide future data collection initiatives and inform monitoring programs implemented by EU Member States. Overall this study highlights the value of international collaboration for the conservation of vulnerable species, such as marine turtles.
Dynamic FDG PET/CT on bladder paraganglioma: A case report
Authors: Taninokuchi Tomassoni Makoto , Cattabriga Arrigo , Gaudiano Caterina , Ciccarese Federica , Corcioni Beniamino , Bianchi Lorenzo , Schiavina Riccardo , Brunocilla Eugenio , Golfieri Rita
Published: October 2022

Paraganglioma (PGL) is characterized by equivocal clinical manifestations and arriving to a suspicion might be challenging. Nevertheless, diagnostic imaging and nuclear medicine are a fundamental part of the diagnosis and management of this particular neuroendocrine tumor (NET). We herein report a rare case of bladder paraganglioma with unusual onset and typical PET/CT characteristics that led to its recognition.
Position of different nebulizer types for aerosol delivery in an adult model of mechanical ventilation
Authors: Hou Haijia , Xu Dongyang , Dai Bing , Zhao Hongwen , Wang Wei , Kang Jian , Tan Wei
Published: October 2022

Background

The optimal positions of different types of nebulizer for aerosol delivery remain unclear.

Methods

Three ICU ventilators employing three types of nebulizer were separately connected to a simulated lung to simulate nebulization during invasive ventilation. Assist/control-pressure control (A/C-PC) mode was utilized, with inspiratory pressure (Pi) set to 12 cmH2O and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) set to 5 cmH2O, and with a target Vt of 500 ml. The bias flow of all the ventilators was set to 2 L/min. The three nebulizers were the continuous jet nebulizer (c-JN), the inspiratory synchronized jet nebulizer (i-JN), and the vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN). The five nebulizer positions were as follows: at the Y-piece (position 1) and 15 cm from the Y-piece (position 2) between the endotracheal tube and the Y-piece, at the Y-piece (position 3) and 15 cm from the Y-piece (position 4) in the inspiratory limb; and at the humidifier inlet (position 5). Aerosols were collected with a disposable filter placed at the simulated lung outlet (n = 3) and were measured by UV spectrophotometry (276 nm). The measurements were compared under different experimental conditions.

Results

The aerosol delivery of c-JN, i-JN, and VMN was 5.33 ± 0.49~11.12 ± 0.36%, 7.73 ± 0.76~13.75 ± 0.46% and 11.13 ± 56–30.2 ± 1.63%, respectively. The higher aerosol delivery: for c-JN~Positions 2 (10.95 ± 0.15%), fori-JN~Positions 1 or 2 (12.91 ± 0.88% or 13.45 ± 0.42%), for VMN~Positions 4(29.03 ± 1.08%); the lower aerosol delivery: for c-JN~Positions 1, 3 or 5, fori-JN~Positions 4 or 5, for VMN~Positions 5.

The highest aerosol delivery:For c-JN at Position 2 (10.95 ± .15%), for i-JN at Position 1 or 2 (12.91 ± .88% or 13.45 ± .42%), for VMN at Positions 4 (29. 03 ± 1.08%); the lower aerosol delivery: for c-JN at Positions 1, 3 or 5, for i-JN at Positions 4 or 5, for VMN at Positions 5. The highest aerosol deliveryof c-JN was lower than that of i-JN while the VMN was the highest (all P < .05). However, no differences were observed between the highest aerosol delivery with c-JN and the lowest aerosol delivery with i-JN. Similar results were found between the lowest aerosol delivery with VMN and the highest aerosol delivery with c-JN /i-JN in the Avea ventilator. There were no differences in the highest aerosol delivery of each nebulizer among the different ventilators (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion

During adult mechanical ventilation, the type and position of nebulizer influences aerosol delivery efficiency, with no differences between ventilators.
Evaluation of clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis: A single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Boch Katharina , Langan Ewan A. , Zillikens Detlef , Ludwig Ralf J. , Kridin Khalaf
Published: October 2022

Background

Cutaneous sarcoidosis is a relatively rare disease whose clinical manifestations include red-brown macules, plaques, papules and subcutaneous nodules. The skin changes may also be restricted to pre-existing scars. Cutaneous sarcoidosis can be associated with systemic organ involvement.

Objectives

Aim of this retrospective study was to longitudinally investigate clinical and laboratory findings in patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis.

Methods

Patients (>18 years) with histologically confirmed cutaneous sarcoidosis between January 2014 and December 2020 were included. Patient demographics, clinical features, laboratory and radiological findings, management, clinical outcomes and co-morbidities associated with cutaneous sarcoidosis were analyzed.

Results

Thirty-seven patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis were identified, of whom 57% were female. The most common clinical phenotype of cutaneous sarcoidosis was papular sarcoidosis (n = 16), while plaques and nodules were present in 9 patients. In contrast, subcutaneous (n = 1) and scar-associated sarcoidosis (n = 1) were rare. Of patients with systemic disease, the cutaneous disease followed, preceded, and coincided with the development of systemic sarcoidosis in 2, 9, and 12 patients, respectively. Levels of soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were elevated, in 76%, 21%, and 50% of the tested patients respectively and predicted systemic involvement. Hypercalcemia was present in 6% of patients. Female sex and younger age (<54 years) were significantly associated with systemic manifestations.

Conlcusions

Cutaneous sarcoidosis was frequently associated with additional systemic involvement, particularly when present in young females. 24 % of patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis developed additional organ involvement during follow-up.
Challenges related to data protection in clinical research before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory study
Authors: Lalova-Spinks Teodora , De Sutter Evelien , Valcke Peggy , Kindt Els , Lejeune Stephane , Negrouk Anastassia , Verhenneman Griet , Derèze Jean-Jacques , Storme Ruth , Borry Pascal , Meszaros Janos , Huys Isabelle
Published: October 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic brought global disruption to health, society and economy, including to the conduct of clinical research. In the European Union (EU), the legal and ethical framework for research is complex and divergent. Many challenges exist in relation to the interplay of the various applicable rules, particularly with respect to compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This study aimed to gain insights into the experience of key clinical research stakeholders [investigators, ethics committees (ECs), and data protection officers (DPOs)/legal experts working with clinical research sponsors] across the EU and the UK on the main challenges related to data protection in clinical research before and during the pandemic.

Materials and methods

The study consisted of an online survey and follow-up semi-structured interviews. Data collection occurred between April and December 2021. Survey data was analyzed descriptively, and the interviews underwent a framework analysis.

Results and conclusion

In total, 191 respondents filled in the survey, of whom fourteen participated in the follow-up interviews. Out of the targeted 28 countries (EU and UK), 25 were represented in the survey. The majority of stakeholders were based in Western Europe. This study empirically elucidated numerous key legal and ethical issues related to GDPR compliance in the context of (cross-border) clinical research. It showed that the lack of legal harmonization remains the biggest challenge in the field, and that it is present not only at the level of the interplay of key EU legislative acts and national implementation of the GDPR, but also when it comes to interpretation at local, regional and institutional levels. Moreover, the role of ECs in data protection was further explored and possible ways forward for its normative delineation were discussed. According to the participants, the pandemic did not bring additional legal challenges. Although practical challenges (for instance, mainly related to the provision of information to patients) were high due to the globally enacted crisis measures, the key problematic issues on (cross-border) health research, interpretations of the legal texts and compliance strategies remained largely the same.
Rumen microbiota of indigenous and introduced ruminants and their adaptation to the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau
Authors: Li Bin , Jia Gaobin , Wen Dongxu , Zhao Xiuxin , Zhang Junxing , Xu Qing , Zhao Xialing , Jiang Nan , Liu Zhenjiang , Wang Yachun
Published: October 2022

The grassland in the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau provide habitat for many indigenous and introduced ruminants which perform important ecological functions that impact the whole Qinghai–Tibetan plateau ecosystem. These indigenous Tibetan ruminants have evolved several adaptive traits to withstand the severe environmental conditions, especially cold, low oxygen partial pressure, high altitude, strong UV radiation, and poor forage availability on the alpine rangelands. Despite the challenges to husbandry associated with the need for enhanced adaptation, several domesticated ruminants have also been successfully introduced to the alpine pasture regions to survive in the harsh environment. For ruminants, these challenging conditions affect not only the host, but also their commensal microbiota, especially the diversity and composition of the rumen microbiota; multiple studies have described tripartite interactions among host-environment-rumen microbiota. Thus, there are significant benefits to understanding the role of rumen microbiota in the indigenous and introduced ruminants of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau, which has co-evolved with the host to ensure the availability of specific metabolic functions required for host survival, health, growth, and development. In this report, we systemically reviewed the dynamics of rumen microbiota in both indigenous and introduced ruminants (including gut microbiota of wild ruminants) as well as their structure, functions, and interactions with changing environmental conditions, especially low food availability, that enable survival at high altitudes. We summarized that three predominant driving factors including increased VFA production, enhanced fiber degradation, and lower methane production as indicators of higher efficiency energy harvest and nutrient utilization by microbiota that can sustain the host during nutrient deficit. These cumulative studies suggested alteration of rumen microbiota structure and functional taxa with genes that encode cellulolytic enzymes to potentially enhance nutrient and energy harvesting in response to low quality and quantity forage and cold environment. Future progress toward understanding ruminant adaptation to high altitudes will require the integration of phenotypic data with multi-omics analyses to identify host-microbiota co-evolutionary adaptations enabling survival on the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau.
Safety and efficacy of unilateral and bilateral pedicle screw fixation for lumbar degenerative diseases by transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhong Rui , Xue Xiali , Wang Runsheng , Dan Jing , Wang Chuanen , Liu Daode
Published: October 2022

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of unilateral vs. bilateral pedicle screw fixation (BPSF) for lumbar degenerative diseases.

Methods

Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of science, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO were searched by computer. The deadline was set for June 1, 2022. This study included all high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective clinical controlled studies (PRO), and retrospective studies (Retro) that compared unilateral and bilateral pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. Revman5.3 software was used for meta-analysis after two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the study.

Results

Fourteen studies with a total of 1,086 patients were included. Compared with BPSF, unilateral pedicle screw fixation (UPSF) has shorter operation time and hospital time, and less blood loss and operation cost, operation time [SMD = −1.75, 95% CI (−2.46 to −1.03), P < 0.00001], hospital time [SMD = −1.10, 95% CI (−1.97 to −0.22), P = 0.01], Blood loss [SMD = −1.62, 95% CI (−2.42 to −0.82), P < 0.0001], operation cost [SMD = −14.03, 95% CI (−20.08 to −7.98), P < 0.00001], the ODI after bilateral pedicle screw fixation was lower, and the degree of lumbar dysfunction was lighter, [SMD = 0.19, 95% CI (0.05–0.33), P = 0.007], better fusion effect, fusion rate [RR=0.95, 95% CI (0.91–1.00), P = 0.04]. VAS-Low back pain [SMD = 0.07, 95% CI (−0.07–0.20), P = 0.35], VAS-Leg pain [SMD = 0.18, 95% CI (−0.00–0.36), P = 0.05], SF-36 [SMD = 0.00, 95% CI (−0.30–0.30), P = 1.00], complications rate [RR = 0.94, 95% CI (0.9154–1.63), P = 0.82], the overall difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Currently limited evidence suggests that UPSF significantly reduces blood loss, significantly shortens the operative time and hospital stay, and reduces blood loss and costs. After BPSF, the ODI was lower, the degree of lumbar spine dysfunction was lower, and the fusion rate was significantly higher. The VAS, SF-36, and complications scores of the two groups were comparable, and there was no significant clinical difference.
Glioma cancer stem cells modulating the local tumor immune environment
Authors: Khan Imran , Mahfooz Sadaf , Karacam Busra , Elbasan Elif Burce , Akdur Kerime , Karimi Hasiba , Sakarcan Ayten , Hatiboglu Mustafa Aziz
Published: October 2022

Glioma stem cells (GSCs) drive the resistance mechanism in glioma tumors and mediate the suppression of innate and adaptive immune responses. Here we investigate the expression of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) and Fas receptor in GSCs and their role in potentiating the tumor-mediated immune suppression through modulation of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) population. Tumor tissues were collected from 4 patients who underwent surgery for glioblastoma. GSCs were cultured as neurospheres and evaluated for the co-expression of CD133, c-Met and FasL through flow cytometry. TILs were isolated and evaluated for the lymphocyte subset frequencies including CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, regulatory T cells (FOXP3 + CD25) and microglia (CD11b + CD45) using flow cytometry. Our findings revealed that a significant population of GSCs in all four samples expressed c-Met (89–99%) and FasL (73–97%). A significantly low microglia population was found in local immune cells ranging from 3 to 5%. We did not find a statistically significant correlation between expressions of c-Met + GSC and FasL + GSC with local and systemic immune cells. This may be regarded to the small sample size. The percent c-Met + and FasL + GSC population appeared to be related to percent cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells and microglia populations in glioblastoma patients. Further investigation is warranted in a larger sample size.
Screening potential biomarkers of cholangiocarcinoma based on gene chip meta-analysis and small-sample experimental research
Authors: Shen Hengyan , Bai Xinyu , Liu Jie , Liu Ping , Zhang Tao
Published: October 2022

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignant tumor associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify CCA biomarkers by investigating differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CCA patients and healthy subjects obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Bioinformatics tools, including the Illumina BaseSpace Correlation Engine (BSCE) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), were used. The initial DEGs from GSE26566, GSE31370, and GSE77984 were analyzed using GEO2R and Venn, and protein–protein interaction networks were constructed using STRING. The BSCE was applied to assess curated CCA studies to select additional DEGs and them DEGs across the 10 biosets, which was supported by findings in the literature. The final 18 DEGs with clinical significance for CCA were further verified using GEPIA. These included CEACAM6, EPCAM, LAMC2, MMP11, KRT7, KRT17, KRT19, SFN, and SOX9, which were upregulated, and ADH1A, ALDOB, AOX1, CTH, FGA, FGB, FGG, GSTA1, and OTC, which were downregulated in CCA patients. Among these 18 genes, 56 groups of genes (two in each group) were significantly related, and none were independently and differentially expressed. The hub genes FGA, OTC, CTH, and MMP11, which were most correlated with the 18 DEGs, were screened using STRING. The significantly low expression of FGA, OTC, and CTH and significantly high expression of MMP11 were verified by immunohistochemical analysis. Overall, four CCA biomarkers were identified that might regulate the occurrence and development of this disease and affect the patient survival rate, and they have the potential to become diagnostic and therapeutic targets for patients with CCA.
MDFI is a novel biomarker for poor prognosis in LUAD
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Quan Zhen , Song Xueyu , Gao Zhaojia , Yuan Kai
Published: October 2022

Background

Approximately 80% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main subtype of NSCLC. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer are also increasing yearly. Myogenic differentiation family inhibitor (MDFI) as a transcription factor, its role in lung cancer has not yet been clarified.

Methods

LUAD data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), analyzed and plotted using the R language. Associations between Clinical information and MDFI expression were assessed using logistic regression analyses to explore the effects of MDFI on LUAD. Two sets of tissue microarrays (TMAs) further confirmed the overexpression of MDFI in LUAD and its impact on prognosis. In addition, we examined the correlation between MDFI and immune infiltration. To investigate the effect of MDFI on the biological behavior of LUAD tumor cells by GSEA and GO/KEGG analysis. The survival status and somatic mutational characteristics of patients according to MDFI levels were depicted and analyzed.

Results

Expression of high MDFI in LUAD tissues via analyzing TCGA dataset (P <0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated a poor prognosis for those patients with LUAD who had upregulated MDFI expression levels (P <0.001). This was also verified by two groups of TMAs (P=0.024). Using logistic statistics analysis, MDFI was identified as an independent predictive factor and was associated with poor prognosis in LUAD (P <0.001, P =0.021). Assessment of clinical characteristics, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and tumor microenvironment (TME) between high- and low-expression score groups showed lower TMB, richer immune cell infiltration, and better prognosis in the low-risk group.

Conclusion

This study showed that MDFI was overexpressed in LUAD and was significantly associated with poor prognosis, indicating that MDFI may be used as a potential novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD. MDFI is associated with immune infiltration of LUAD and it is reasonable to speculate that it plays an important role in tumor proliferation and spread. In view of the significant differences in MDFI expression between different biological activities, LUAD patients with MDFI overexpression may obtain more precise treatment strategies in the clinic.
Current and emerging anti-angiogenic therapies in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancers
Authors: Saoudi González Nadia , Castet Florian , Élez Elena , Macarulla Teresa , Tabernero Josep
Published: October 2022

Gastrointestinal tumours are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that arise in the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system. Their incidence is rising globally and they currently represent the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Anti-angiogenic agents have been incorporated into the treatment armamentarium of most of these malignancies and have improved survival outcomes, most notably in colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. New treatment combinations with immunotherapies and other agents have led to unprecedented benefits and are revolutionising patient care. In this review, we detail the mechanisms of action of anti-angiogenic agents and the preclinical rationale underlying their combinations with immunotherapies. We review the clinical evidence supporting their use across all gastrointestinal tumours, with a particular emphasis on colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. We discuss available biomarkers of response to these therapies and their utility in routine clinical practice. Finally, we summarise ongoing clinical trials in distinct settings and highlight the preclinical rationale supporting novel combinations.
Detection of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer using dual-layer spectral computed tomography
Authors: Li Huijun , Wang Huan , Chen Fangfang , Gao Lei , Zhou Yurong , Zhou Zhou , Huang Jinbai , Xu Liying
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced dual-layer spectral computed tomography (DLCT) in the detection of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in breast cancer.

Materials and Methods

In this prospective study, 31 females with breast cancer underwent contrast-enhanced DLCT from August 2019 to June 2020. All ALNs were confirmed by postoperative histology. Spectral quantitative parameters, including λHU (in Hounsfield units per kiloelectron-volt), nIC (normalized iodine concentration), and Zeff (Z-effective value) in both arterial and delay phases, were calculated and contrasted between metastatic and nonmetastatic ALNs using the McNemar test. Discriminating performance from metastatic and nonmetastatic ALNs was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

In total, 132 ALNs (52 metastatic and 80 nonmetastatic) were successfully matched between surgical labels and preoperative labels on DLCT images. All spectral quantitative parameters (λHu, nIC, and Zeff) derived from both arterial and delayed phases were greater in metastatic ALNs than in nonmetastatic SLNs (all p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed that λHu in the delayed phase was the best single parameter for the detection of metastatic ALNs on a per-lymph node basis, with an area under the curve of 0.93, accuracy of 86.4% (114/132), sensitivity of 92.3% (48/52), and specificity of 87.5% (70/80).

Conclusion

The spectral quantitative parameters derived from contrast-enhanced DLCT, such as λHu, can be applied for the preoperative detection of ALN metastasis in breast cancer.