bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete genome, catabolic sub‐proteomes and key‐metabolites of Desulfobacula toluolica Tol2, a marine, aromatic compound‐degrading, sulfate‐reducing bacterium
Authors: Wöhlbrand Lars , Jacob Jacob H. , Kube Michael , Mussmann Marc , Jarling René , Beck Alfred , Amann Rudolf , Wilkes Heinz , Reinhardt Richard , Rabus Ralf
Published: September 2012

Among the dominant deltaproteobacterial sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB), members of the genus Desulfobacula are not only present in (hydrocarbon‐rich) marine sediments, but occur also frequently in the anoxic water bodies encountered in marine upwelling areas. Here, we present the 5.2 Mbp genome of Desulfobacula toluolica Tol2, which is the first of an aromatic compound‐degrading, marine SRB. The genome has apparently been shaped by viral attacks (e.g. CRISPRs) and its high plasticity is reflected by 163 detected genes related to transposases and integrases, a total of 494 paralogous genes and 24 group II introns. Prediction of the catabolic network of strain Tol2 was refined by differential proteome and metabolite analysis of substrate‐adapted cells. Toluene and p‐cresol are degraded by separate suites of specific enzymes for initial arylsuccinate formation via addition to fumarate (p‐cresol‐specific enzyme HbsA represents a new phylogenetic branch) as well as for subsequent modified β‐oxidation of arylsuccinates to the central intermediate benzoyl‐CoA. Proteogenomic evidence suggests specific electron transfer (EtfAB) and membrane proteins to channel electrons from dehydrogenation of both arylsuccinates directly to the membrane redox pool. In contrast to the known anaerobic degradation pathways in other bacteria, strain Tol2 deaminates phenylalanine non‐oxidatively to cinnamate by phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and subsequently forms phenylacetate (both metabolites identified in 13C‐labelling experiments). Benzoate degradation involves CoA activation, reductive dearomatization by a class II benzoyl‐CoA reductase and hydrolytic ring cleavage as found in the obligate anaerobe Geobacter metallireducens GS‐15. The catabolic sub‐proteomes displayed high substrate specificity, reflecting the genomically predicted complex and fine‐tuned regulatory network of strain Tol2. Despite the genetic equipment for a TCA cycle, proteomic evidence supports complete oxidation of acetyl‐CoA to CO2 via the Wood‐Ljungdahl pathway. Strain Tol2 possesses transmembrane redox complexes similar to that of other Desulfobacteraceae members. The multiple heterodisulfide reductase‐like proteins (more than described for Desulfobacterium autotrophicum HRM2) may constitute a multifaceted cytoplasmic electron transfer network.
Patronage and secularization: social obligation and church support
Authors: Bruce Steve
Published: September 2012

As a contribution to our understanding of secularization in Britain, this paper examines the role of religious patronage. It illustrates nineteenth and early twentieth century support for the churches from rural landowners and major industrial employers, considers its benefits, and explains its rapid disappearance. The paper argues that the end of the expectation that high status individuals and major employers would actively promote organized religion is both significant evidence of secularization and a cause of further decline.
Polymorphic infection and organogenesis patterns induced by a Rhizobium leguminosarum isolate from Lotus root nodules are determined by the host genotype
Authors: Gossmann Jasmin A. , Markmann Katharina , Brachmann Andreas , Rose Laura E. , Parniske Martin
Published: September 2012

To sample the natural variation in genes controlling compatibility in the legume–rhizobium symbiosis, we isolated rhizobia from nodules of endemic Lotus species from 21 sites across Europe.

The majority of isolates were identified as Mesorhizobium‐ or Bradyrhizobium‐related and formed nitrogen‐fixing root nodules on Lotus corniculatus and L. pendunculatus, respectively, thus confirming previously defined cross‐inoculation groups.

Rhizobium leguminosarum (Rl) strain Norway, isolated from L. corniculatus nodules, displayed an exceptional phenotypic variation on different Lotus genotypes. On L. burttii, Rl Norway formed infected nodules, whereas tumors and elongated infected swellings were induced on L. glaber and L. japonicus ecotype Nepal, respectively. A symbiosis‐ and Nod‐factor‐responsive promoter:uidA fusion was strongly and rapidly induced in L. japonicus Gifu, but infection threads or signs of nodule organogenesis were absent. This complex phenotypic pattern was not mimicked by either of three engineered R. leguminosarum bv viciae strains producing different Nod‐factor variants. Intriguingly, Rl Norway formed infection threads on Pisum sativum cv Sparkle, but failed to induce organogenesis.

Rl Norway thus uncovered variation in symbiotic capabilities among diploid Lotus species and ecotypes that are obscured by optimally adapted M. loti strains. These contrasting infection and organogenesis phenotypes reveal recent diversification of recognition determinants in Lotus.
An analysis of Social StoriesTM research using an evidence‐based practice model
Authors: Mayton Michael R. , Menendez Anthony L. , Wheeler John J. , Carter Stacy L. , Chitiyo Morgan
Published: September 2012

The number of Social StoriesTM studies and reviews has increased in recent years, yet concerns regarding quality and effect sizes continue to be expressed. With the emphasis on evidence‐based practices (EBPs) for the education and treatment of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), this issue becomes of paramount importance as professionals and parents attempt to select interventions for the people with ASD in their care. The current study makes a unique contribution in its use of an extensive EBP evaluation model to examine 33 single‐subject studies across 13 peer‐reviewed journals, a 12‐year period, and a wide range of grouping variables. Using the Mayton, Wheeler, Menendez and Zhang (2010) EBP evaluation protocol, studies were investigated in terms of eight quality indicators comprised 23 operationally defined standards. Studies included in this analysis met the following criteria: (1) they were intervention studies using single‐subject research designs; (2) they included only participants with disorders on the autism spectrum; and (3) the primary intervention was the use of a Social Story. Findings included on‐ or above‐standard acceptability in EBP indicators related to important aspects of dependent variables within studies and below‐standard acceptability in indicators related to both internal and external validity of studies.
Assessing dyslexia in higher education: the York adult assessment battery‐revised
Authors: Warmington Meesha , Stothard Susan E. , Snowling Margaret J.
Published: September 2012

Although there are a number of standardised measures to assess dyslexia in children, there are comparatively fewer instruments suitable for the assessment of dyslexia in adults. Given the growing number of students entering UK higher education institutions, there is a need to develop reliable tools for assessing the additional needs of those with dyslexia and related difficulties. This study reports data from a revised version of the York Adult Assessment: An Assessment Battery for Dyslexia Screening in Higher Education. The current York Adult Assessment‐Revised (YAA‐R) is an assessment battery consisting of tests of reading, spelling, writing and phonological skills. Data from a normative sample of 106 adults without dyslexia and a validation sample of 20 adults with dyslexia illustrate significant group differences on the tests comprising the YAA‐R. Additionally, the YAA‐R has good discriminatory power yielding 80% sensitivity and 97% specificity. Taken together, the YAA‐R is a suitable test battery for the assessment and identification of dyslexia in university students.
Autophagy, mitochondria and 3‐nitropropionic acid joined in the same model
Authors: González‐Polo Rosa A , Bravo‐San Pedro José M , Gómez‐Sánchez Rubén , Pizarro‐Estrella Elisa , Niso‐Santano Mireia , Fuentes José M
Published: September 2012

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the huntingtin protein. Although the precise mechanism by which neuronal degeneration occurs is still unclear, several elements are important to its development: (1) altered gene expression and protein synthesis, (2) mitochondrial damage and (3) improper regulation of the autophagy programme. In this issue of British Journal of Pharmacology, Galindo and co‐workers provide the first evidence for a role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy activation. In a model of cell death induced by 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NP) in human neural cells, the authors describe clear functions for mPTP and Bax, but not the mitochondrial fusion/fission machinery, mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy (mitophagy). This commentary summarises the significance of this relationship and suggests several points for future development.

Linked Article

This article is a commentary on Solesio et al., pp. 63–75 of this issue. To view this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2012.01994.x
Exclusion netting may alter reproduction of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and prevent associated fruit damage to apple orchards
Authors: Sauphanor Benoit , Severac Guilhem , Maugin Sandrine , Toubon Jean François , Capowiez Yvan
Published: September 2012

Insecticide‐based management programmes targeting codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), in apple orchards in southern France have incurred increasing levels of fruit injury in recent years. An alternative programme incorporating the use of exclusion netting named Alt'carpo has been developed. This study aimed at studying its efficiency and gaining more insight into its mode of action. This was achieved through laboratory and field behavioural tests and observations in a network of commercial orchards in southern France. The moths were able to lay eggs through the nets and escape from net cages in the laboratory. Male moths released in the netted rows were poorly recaptured using sexual pheromone trapping, whereas over 20% of the released males were recaptured in unprotected rows. The netting reduced fruit injury by up to 91% compared to the unprotected rows in the experimental orchard. The efficacy of this netting was even higher in commercial orchards in which fruit injury did not exceed 0.1% without any application of specific insecticide. These results lead us to assume that netting alters the reproduction of the pest, mainly by preventing it from flying over the canopy to find mates.
Hippocampal SPARC regulates depression‐related behavior
Authors: Campolongo M. , Benedetti L. , Podhajcer O. L. , Pitossi F. , Depino A. M.
Published: September 2012

SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is a matricellular protein highly expressed during development, reorganization and tissue repair. In the central nervous system, glial cells express SPARC during development and in neurogenic regions of the adult brain. Astrocytes control the glutamate receptor levels in the developing hippocampus through SPARC secretion. To further characterize the role of SPARC in the brain, we analyzed the hippocampal‐dependent adult behavior of SPARC KO mice. We found that SPARC KO mice show increased levels of anxiety‐related behaviors and reduced levels of depression‐related behaviors. The antidepressant‐like phenotype could be rescued by adenoviral vector‐mediated expression of SPARC in the adult hippocampus, but anxiety‐related behavior persisted in these mice. To identify the cellular mechanisms underlying these behavioral alterations, we analyzed neuronal activity and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG). SPARC KO mice have increased levels of neuronal activity, evidenced as more neurons that express c‐Fos after a footshock. SPARC also affects cell proliferation in the subgranular zone of the DG, although it does not affect maturation and survival of new neurons. SPARC expression in the adult DG does not revert the proliferation phenotype in KO mice, but our results suggest a role of SPARC in limiting the survival of new neurons in the DG. This work suggests that SPARC could affect anxiety‐related behavior by modulating neuronal activity, and that depression‐related behavior is dependent upon the adult expression of SPARC, which affects adult brain function by mechanisms that need to be elucidated.
Effects of an epidermal growth factor receptor‐based cancer vaccine on wound healing and inflammation processes in murine experimental models
Authors: Fuentes Dasha , Chacón Lewis , Casacó Angel , Ledón Nuris , Fernández Nidia , Iglesias Arianna , Hernández Diana R , Sánchez Belinda , Pérez Rolando
Published: September 2012

Anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies have been proven clinically effective for a variety of epithelial tumours. Vaccination of mice with the extracellular domain (ECD) of autologous EGFR overcomes the tolerance to self‐EGFR and has antimetastatic effect on EGFR+ tumour. Because EGF/EGFR‐signalling plays an important role in the inflammation stage of wound healing, the main objective of this study was to explore the possible role of murine (m) EGFR‐ECD vaccine in the croton‐oil‐induced ear oedema and wound healing process in mice as autologous experimental models, mimicking the possible post‐surgical wound complication in patients treated with human EGFR‐ECD/VSSP vaccine. Mice were intramuscularly immunised four times; biweekly with the mEGFR‐ECD/VSSP/Mont. Seven days later, an 8 mm diameter, full‐thickness skin wound was created on the back of each animal. Immunisation induced a strong specific humoral response against the mEGFR‐ECD protein and a DTH dose–response curve but interestingly, animals treated with mEGFR‐ECD/VSSP/Mont had similar inflammatory and healing speed responses compared to control ones. These data suggest that application of mEGFR‐ECD/VSSP vaccine as a therapeutic approach in cancer patients could not elicit a poor healing process after surgery.
Application of Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Chemometrics to Study the Effect of Location and Botanical Origin on Volatile Profile of Unifloral American Honeys
Authors: Agila Amal , Barringer Sheryl
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  Ten Ohio and Indiana honey samples from star thistle (Centaurea Americana), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), clover (Trifolium spp.), cranberry (Vaccinium spp.), wildflower, and an unknown source were collected. The headspace of these honeys was analyzed by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). SIMCA was utilized to statistically differentiate between honeys based on their composition. Ohio honeys from star thistle, blueberry, and clover were similar to each other in volatile composition, while Ohio wildflower honey was different. Indiana honeys from star thistle, blueberry, and wildflower were different from each other in volatile composition, while clover and cranberry honeys were similar. Honeys from Ohio and Indiana with the same floral origins were different in volatile composition. Furfural, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, butanoic, and pentanoic acids were the volatiles with the highest discriminating power between types of floral honey. Methanol and ethanol followed by acetic acid were at the highest levels in most honeys, though furfural was at the highest concentration in Indiana blueberry honey, while 1‐octen‐3‐ol was at the highest concentration in Indiana wildflower honey. The highest concentration of volatile compounds was in Indiana wildflower honey followed by Ohio wildflower honey, while the lowest concentration of volatile compounds was observed in Ohio clover honey followed by Indiana clover honey.

Practical Application:  Using chemometrics, concentrations of volatile compounds in different honeys can be used to determine the influence of botanical and geographical origins on aroma, which is important for the quality of honey. Characterization of volatile compounds can also be a useful tool for assessing honey quality.
In Vivo Study of the Survival of Lactobacillus delbruecki subsp. bulgaricus CECT 4005T and Streptococcus thermophilus CECT 801 by DVC‐FISH after Consumption of Fermented Milk
Authors: García‐Hernández J. , Moreno Y. , Chuan C. , Hernández M.
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  Direct Viable Count (DVC) method has been recently combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the specific detection of viable cells of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CECT 4005T and Streptococcus thermophilus CECT 801. This method has been used to determine their in vitro viability to gastrointestinal juices, being the resistance of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus 26.2% and 9.2%, respectively. On the other hand, an in vivo study has been carried out with the application of this technique for their detection in human feces, after consuming fermented milk. Cells of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CECT 4005T were not detected, whereas viable cells of S. thermophilus CECT 801 were detected in a number higher than 103 cells per gram in a 30% of the samples after 4 wk of consumption. DVC‐FISH is a quick and culture‐independent useful method, which has been applied for the 1st time in an in vivo survival study of LAB.
Killing Bacterial Spores with Blue Light: When Innate Resistance Meets the Power of Light
Authors: St. Denis Tyler G. , Dai Tianhong , Hamblin Michael R.
Published: September 2012

This article is a highlight of the study by Maclean et al. in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology describing the sporicidal effects 405 nm visible light alone on endospores of the Clostridium and Bacillus genera. 1.73 kJ cm−2 was capable of reducing endospore colony‐forming units by up to 4‐log10. These findings have never been previously demonstrated and may be incorporated into decontamination methods that span medical, military and food preparatory applications.
Differences in peri‐implant conditions between fully and partially edentulous subjects: a systematic review
Authors: de Waal Yvonne C. M. , van Winkelhoff Arie Jan , Meijer Henny J. A. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Winkel Edwin G.
Published: September 2012

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare peri‐implant conditions between fully edentulous (FES) and partially edentulous subjects (PES).

Material and methods

A systematic review was conducted. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and COCHRANE databases were searched for publications up to January 1st 2012. Studies reporting on the bleeding tendency of the peri‐implant mucosa and/or studies reporting on the prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and/or peri‐implantitis were considered.

Results

Fifty‐five publications describing 46 studies were selected. One study described both FES and PES, and all other studies described either FES or PES. Subgroup analyses were performed according to dental status (fully/partially edentulous), follow‐up time (≥5 years and ≥ 10 years) and study design (prospective/cross‐sectional). FES harboured more plaque at their implants than PES. Modified bleeding index scores were significantly higher in FES, but no differences in bleeding on probing, implant loss and probing pocket depth were observed between FES and PES. No meta‐analysis could be performed on prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis. Overall prevalence of peri‐implantitis was 0–3.4% after 5 years and 5.8–16.9% after 10 years of implant evaluation.

Conclusion

FES and PES show comparable implant survival rates. However, no conclusion can be drawn regarding differences in prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis between FES and PES.
Effects of periodontal therapy on disease activity and systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Erciyas K , Sezer U , Üstün K , Pehlivan Y , Kısacık B , Şenyurt SZ , Tarakçıoğlu M , Onat AM
Published: September 2012

Objective

This observational prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the effects of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on clinical periodontal measurements and systemic inflammatory mediator levels in low or moderate to highly active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with chronic periodontitis.

Subjects and methods

Rheumatoid arthritis activity was assessed with disease activity score test (DAS28). Thirty patients with RA with moderate to high disease activity (DAS28 ≥ 3.2) and chronic periodontitis (MHDA group) and thirty patients with RA with low disease activity (DAS28 < 3.2) and chronic periodontitis (LDA group) were enrolled in the study. The patients were monitored at the beginning and 3 months after undergoing periodontal therapy. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels in serum, DAS28 and periodontal parameters were evaluated.

Results

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, TNF‐α levels in serum, DAS28 and periodontal parameters exhibited similar and significant reduction 3 months after the non‐surgical periodontal treatment.

Conclusion

Non‐surgical periodontal treatment may prove beneficial in reducing RA severity as measured by ESR, CRP, TNF‐α levels in serum and DAS28 in low or moderate to highly active RA patients with chronic periodontitis.
Inhibitors of Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation Delay and/or Reduce the Lethality of Several Antistaphylococcal Agents
Authors: Liu Yuanli , Liu Xinghan , Qu Yilin , Wang Xiuhong , Li Liping , Zhao Xilin
Published: September 2012

Perturbation of hydroxyl radical accumulation by subinhibitory concentrations of 2,2′-bipyridyl plus thiourea protects
Escherichia coli
from being killed by 3 lethal antimicrobial classes. Here, we show that 2,2′-bipyridyl plus thiourea delays and/or reduces antimicrobial killing of
Staphylococcus aureus
by daptomycin, moxifloxacin, and oxacillin. While the protective effect of 2,2′-bipyridyl plus thiourea varied among strains and compounds, the data support the hypothesis that hydroxyl radical enhances antimicrobial lethality.
Effect of Maraviroc on HIV Disease Progression-Related Biomarkers
Authors: Romero-Sánchez M. Concepción , Machmach Kawthar , Gonzalez-Serna Alejandro , Genebat Miguel , Pulido Ildefonso , García-García María , Álvarez-Ríos Ana Isabel , Ferrando-Martinez Sara , Ruiz-Mateos Ezequiel , Leal Manuel
Published: September 2012

The potential effect of blocking the CCR5 receptor on HIV disease progression biomarkers is not well understood. We showed that an 8-day maraviroc (MVC) monotherapy clinical test (MCT) can be used in selecting patients to receive MVC-containing combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Using this MCT model, we assessed the effect of MVC on several HIV disease progression biomarkers during the MCT (MVC-specific effect) and following short-term (12-week) cART. We compared 45 patients on MVC monotherapy with a control group of 25 patients on MVC-sparing cART. We found that MVC did not modify any biomarkers in patients that had no virological response after the MCT. MVC-specific effects in patients with virological responses included increased CD8
+
T-cell activation and senescence levels, preservation of an increase in soluble CD14 (sCD14), and a decrease in D dimer levels. After 12 weeks, MVC-containing cART increased CD8
+
T-cell counts and preserved CD4
+
T-cell senescence levels compared with MVC-sparing cART. Moreover, there was a decrease in sCD14 levels in patients that received MVC-containing cART. In conclusion, effects compatible with CD8
+
T-cell redistribution in peripheral blood were observed after MVC therapy. However, MVC was associated with a favorable profile in HIV disease progression biomarkers only in patients with a virological response. These results support a potential clinical benefit of a therapy which includes MVC in HIV-infected patients.
Mode of Action,
In Vitro
Activity, and
In Vivo
Efficacy of AFN-1252, a Selective Antistaphylococcal FabI Inhibitor
Authors: Kaplan Nachum , Albert Monique , Awrey Donald , Bardouniotis Elias , Berman Judd , Clarke Teresa , Dorsey Mandy , Hafkin Barry , Ramnauth Jaillal , Romanov Vladimir , Schmid Molly B. , Thalakada Rosanne , Yethon Jeremy , Pauls Henry W.
Published: September 2012

The mechanism of action of AFN-1252, a selective inhibitor of
Staphylococcus aureus
enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI), which is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, was confirmed by using biochemistry, macromolecular synthesis, genetics, and cocrystallization of an AFN-1252–FabI complex. AFN-1252 demonstrated a low propensity for spontaneous resistance development and a time-dependent reduction of the viability of both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
, achieving a ≥2-log
10
reduction in
S. aureus
counts over 24 h, and was extremely potent against clinical isolates of
S. aureus
(MIC
90
, 0.015 μg/ml) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (MIC
90
, 0.12 μg/ml), regardless of their drug resistance, hospital- or community-associated origin, or other clinical subgroup. AFN-1252 was orally available in mouse pharmacokinetic studies, and a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg AFN-1252 was efficacious in a mouse model of septicemia, providing 100% protection from an otherwise lethal peritoneal infection of
S. aureus
Smith. A median effective dose of 0.15 mg/kg indicated that AFN-1252 was 12 to 24 times more potent than linezolid in the model. These studies, demonstrating a selective mode of action, potent
in vitro
activity, and
in vivo
efficacy, support the continued investigation of AFN-1252 as a targeted therapeutic for staphylococcal infections.
Monte Carlo simulation of the radiolysis of the ceric sulfate dosimeter by low linear energy transfer radiation
Authors: Plante Ianik , Tippayamontri Thititip , Autsavapromporn Narongchai , Meesungnoen Jintana , Jay-Gerin Jean-Paul
Published: September 2012

The ceric sulfate dosimeter is based on the radio-induced reduction of Ce4+ in acidic medium. For low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, the yield of Ce3+ is 2.4 molecules / 100 eV, regardless of the presence of oxygen. To investigate the reaction mechanisms of the ceric sulfate dosimeter, we simulated the chemical reaction kinetics curves and the evolution of G(Ce3+), G(O2), and G(H2) in the ceric sulfate solution with and without oxygen. Studies of G(Ce3+) as function of the initial concentration of Ce3+ and of the LET were also done. One important finding of this study is that •OH radicals are scavenged by the reaction •OH + HSO4– → SO4•– + H2O, rather than by the reaction •OH + Ce3+ → Ce4+ + OH–.
MATRIX APPROACH OF AN ENCRYPTION SYSTEM BASED ON CELLULAR AUTOMATA AND ITS NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: MURGUÍA J. S. , FLORES-ERAÑA G. , CARLOS M. MEJÍA , ROSU H. C.
Published: September 2012

The main components of an encryption system based on rule 90 cellular automata, i.e., two indexed families of permutations and a pseudo-random bit generator are implemented in a very flexible way through a convenient matrix approach.
LIE SYMMETRIES OF TWO (2+1)-DIMENSIONAL TODA-LIKE LATTICES BY THE EXTENDED DIFFERENTIAL FORM METHOD
Authors: LV NA , MEI JIAN-QIN , ZHANG HONG-QING
Published: September 2012

Based on the extended Harrison and Estabrook's differential form method, we obtain the Lie symmetries of two (2+1)-dimensional Toda-like lattices from two different sets of differential forms, respectively. Moreover it is shown that, for each lattice, the determining equations for the two sets give the same symmetries; and the set of differential forms for the lower-dimensional space can make the computation for finding symmetries simpler than the other.
If the skull fits: magnetic resonance imaging and microcomputed tomography for combined analysis of brain and skull phenotypes in the mouse
Authors: Nieman Brian J. , Blank Marissa C. , Roman Brian B. , Henkelman R. Mark , Millen Kathleen J.
Published: September 2012

The mammalian brain and skull develop concurrently in a coordinated manner, consistently producing a brain and skull that fit tightly together. It is common that abnormalities in one are associated with related abnormalities in the other. However, this is not always the case. A complete characterization of the relationship between brain and skull phenotypes is necessary to understand the mechanisms that cause them to be coordinated or divergent and to provide perspective on the potential diagnostic or prognostic significance of brain and skull phenotypes. We demonstrate the combined use of magnetic resonance imaging and microcomputed tomography for analysis of brain and skull phenotypes in the mouse. Co-registration of brain and skull images allows comparison of the relationship between phenotypes in the brain and those in the skull. We observe a close fit between the brain and skull of two genetic mouse models that both show abnormal brain and skull phenotypes. Application of these three-dimensional image analyses in a broader range of mouse mutants will provide a map of the relationships between brain and skull phenotypes generally and allow characterization of patterns of similarities and differences.
A Numerical Algorithm for Solving a Four‐Point Nonlinear Fractional Integro‐Differential Equations
Authors: Gao Er , Song Songhe , Zhang Xinjian
Published: September 2012

We provide a new algorithm for a four‐point nonlocal boundary value problem of nonlinear integro‐differential equations of fractional order q ∈ (1,2] based on reproducing kernel space method. According to our work, the analytical solution of the equations is represented in the reproducing kernel space which we construct and so the n‐term approximation. At the same time, the n‐term approximation is proved to converge to the analytical solution. An illustrative example is also presented, which shows that the new algorithm is efficient and accurate.
ALCAPA Presents in an Adult with Exercise Intolerance but Preserved Cardiac Function
Authors: Liu Yan , Miller Beth W.
Published: September 2012

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital anomaly that usually manifests as severe left-sided heart failure and mitral valve insufficiency during the first one to two months of life. The majority of these cases die in infancy if not corrected early upon presentation. Adulthood presentation is rare and most of the untreated patients who reach adulthood present with left ventricular dysfunction, severe mitral regurgitation, and sometimes myocardial infarction. Here we report a case of a 20-year-old woman with a history of exercise intolerance since childhood that was misinterpreted as asthma until a 2D-Echo revealed ALCAPA with RCA collaterals to the left anterior descending artery, preserved LV ejection fraction, and absence of apparent mitral valve abnormality. One month after the ALCAPA diagnosis, she successfully underwent surgical reconstruction of left main and pulmonary artery without any major complications. She had normal left ventricular function without apparent ischemic cardiac symptoms eighteen months after procedure.
Diurnal Variation and Spatial Distribution Effects on Sulfur Speciation in Aerosol Samples as Assessed by X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES)
Authors: Pongpiachan Siwatt , Thumanu Kanjana , Na Pattalung Warangkana , Hirunyatrakul Phoosak , Kittikoon Itthipon , Ho Kin Fai , Cao Junji
Published: September 2012

This paper focuses on providing new results relating to the impacts ofDiurnal variation,Vertical distribution, andEmission sourceon sulfur K-edge XANES spectrum of aerosol samples. All aerosol samples used in the diurnal variation experiment were preserved using anoxic preservation stainless cylinders (APSCs) and pressure-controlled glove boxes (PCGBs), which were specially designed to prevent oxidation of the sulfur states in PM10. Further investigation of sulfur K-edge XANES spectra revealed that PM10samples were dominated by S(VI), even when preserved in anoxic conditions. The “Emission source effect” on the sulfur oxidation state of PM10was examined by comparing sulfur K-edge XANES spectra collected from various emission sources in southern Thailand, while “Vertical distribution effects” on the sulfur oxidation state of PM10were made with samples collected from three different altitudes from rooftops of the highest buildings in three major cities in Thailand. The analytical results have demonstrated that neither “Emission source” nor “Vertical distribution” appreciably contribute to the characteristic fingerprint of sulfur K-edge XANES spectrum in PM10.
Evaluation of Protocol Biopsy Utility 12 Months after Renal Transplantation: A Multicenter Observational Analysis
Authors: Moulin Bruno , Merville Pierre , Renaudin Karine , Buob David , Ferlicot Sophie , Delahousse Michel , Dantal Jacques , Albano Laetitia , Barbet Christelle , Mourad Georges , Noel Laure-Hélène
Published: September 2012

The clinical merit of surveillance kidney graft biopsies remains controversial. A retrospective, multicenter analysis evaluated 12-month surveillance biopsies (SB, 154 patients) versus no SB (NSB, 138 patients (11 with diagnostic biopsy)) in patients >18 months posttransplant with estimated GFR (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min. The primary objective was to describe renal function at 18 months post-transplant in patients with or without SB at month 12. Globally, most recipients in both cohorts were at low immunological risk (<10% of patients with PRA ≥30%). The immunosuppressive regimen remained unchanged following more than half of SB that exhibited chronic lesions (18/33, 54.5%). Mean (SD) eGFR at month 18 (primary endpoint) was 56 (19) mL/min/1.73 m² with SB and 54 (15) mL/min/1.73 m² with NSB (). In the SB group, slight nonspecific changes were observed in 51 cases, rejection (acute or chronic) in 6 cases, CNI-related toxicity in 15 cases, recurrence of initial disease in two cases, and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) in 83 cases (71.6%), of which 35 cases (30.2%) were grade II/III lesions. eGFR <50 mL/min/1.73 m² at month 6 predicted IF/TA grade II or III (OR 3.85, 95% CI 1.64, 9.05, ). SB at 12 months posttransplant did not prompt significant modification of immunosuppression, and no renal benefit was observed.
Effects of Forest Regeneration on Crickets: Evaluating Environmental Drivers in a 300-Year Chronosequence
Authors: Szinwelski Neucir , Rosa Cassiano S. , Schoereder José H. , Mews Carina M. , Sperber Carlos F.
Published: September 2012

We evaluated the relation of cricket species richness and composition with forest regeneration time, evaluating canopy and litter depth as environmental drivers. Effects of forest patch area, nearest distance to the 300-year patch, cricket abundance, sampling sufficiency, and nestedness were also evaluated. We collected 1174 individuals (five families, 19 species). Species richness increased asymptotically with regeneration time and linearly with canopy cover and litter depth. Canopy cover increased linearly, while litter depth increased asymptotically. Richness was not affected by patch area and nearest distance to the 300-year patch. Richness increased with cricket abundance, and this explanation could not be distinguished from regeneration time, evidencing collinearity of these two explanatory variables. Rarefaction curve slopes increased with regeneration time. Species composition differed among patches, with no nested pattern. We suggest that regeneration and consequent increases in canopy and litter promote recovery of cricket biodiversity, abundance, and changes in species composition. We conclude that the recovery of cricket diversity involves an increase along the spatial scale of complementarity, together with a change in species composition.
Extrahepatic Manifestations and Autoantibodies in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Himoto Takashi , Masaki Tsutomu
Published: September 2012

Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently have many extrahepatic manifestations, as persistent HCV infection often triggers lymphoproliferative disorders and metabolic abnormalities. These manifestations primarily include autoimmune disorders such as cryoglobulinemia, Sjögren’s syndrome, and autoimmune thyroid disorders. It has been well established that chronic HCV infection plays important roles in the production of non-organ-specific autoantibodies, including antinuclear antibodies and smooth muscle antibodies, and organ-specific autoantibodies such as thyroid autoantibodies. However, the clinical significance of autoantibodies associated with the extrahepatic manifestations caused by HCV infection has not been fully recognized. In this paper, we mainly focus on the relationship between extrahepatic manifestations and the emergence of autoantibodies in patients with HCV infection and discuss the clinical relevance of the autoantibodies in the extrahepatic disorders.
Sorafenib Has Potent Antitumor Activity against Multiple Myeloma In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo in the 5T33MM Mouse Model
Authors: Kharaziha Pedram , De Raeve Hendrik , Fristedt Charlotte , Li Qiao , Gruber Astrid , Johnsson Per , Kokaraki Georgia , Panzar Maria , Laane Edward , Österborg Anders , Zhivotovsky Boris , Jernberg-Wiklund Helena , Grandér Dan , Celsing Fredrik , Björkholm Magnus , Vanderkerken Karin , Panaretakis Theocharis
Published: September 2012

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the expansion of clonal plasma blasts/plasma cells within the bone marrow that relies on multiple signaling cascades, including tyrosine kinase activated pathways, to proliferate and evade cell death. Despite emerging new treatment strategies, multiple myeloma remains at present incurable. Thus, novel approaches targeting several signaling cascades by using the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), sorafenib, seem a promising treatment approach for multiple myeloma. Here, we show that sorafenib induces cell death in multiple myeloma cell lines and in CD138+-enriched primary multiple myeloma patient samples in a caspase-dependent and -independent manner. Furthermore, sorafenib has a strong antitumoral and -angiogenic activity in the 5T33MM mouse model leading to increased overall survival. Multiple myeloma cells undergo autophagy in response to sorafenib, and inhibition of this cytoprotective pathway potentiated the efficacy of this TKI. Mcl-1, a survival factor in multiple myeloma, is downregulated at the protein level by sorafenib allowing for the execution of cell death, as ectopic overexpression of this protein protects multiple myeloma cells. Concomitant targeting of Mcl-1 by sorafenib and of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL by the antagonist ABT737 improves the efficacy of sorafenib in multiple myeloma cell lines and CD138+-enriched primary cells in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. Altogether, our data support the use of sorafenib as a novel therapeutic modality against human multiple myeloma, and its efficacy may be potentiated in combination with ABT737. Cancer Res; 72(20); 5348–62. ©2012 AACR.
Development of 2 Registry-Based Risk Models Suitable for Characterizing Hospital Performance on 30-Day All-Cause Mortality Rates Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Curtis Jeptha P. , Geary Lori L. , Wang Yongfei , Chen Jersey , Drye Elizabeth E. , Grosso Laura M. , Spertus John A. , Rumsfeld John S. , Weintraub William S. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Brindis Ralph G. , Krumholz Harlan M.
Published: September 2012

Background—

Variation in outcomes after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) may reflect differences in quality of care. To date, however, we lack a methodology to monitor and improve national hospital 30-day mortality rates among patients undergoing PCI.

Methods and Results—

We developed hierarchical logistic regression models to calculate hospital risk-standardized 30-day all-cause PCI mortality rates. Due to differences in risk, patients were divided into 2 cohorts: those with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or cardiogenic shock, and those with no ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and no cardiogenic shock. The models were derived using 2006 data from the CathPCI Registry linked with administrative claims data, and validated using comparable 2005 data. In the derivation cohort of the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or shock model (n=15 123), the unadjusted 30-day mortality rate was 9.2%. The final model included 13 variables with the observed mortality rates ranging from 1.4% to 40.3% across deciles of the predicted patient mortality rates. The 25th and 75th percentiles of the risk-standardized mortality rate were 8.5% and 9.7%, with 5th and 95th percentiles of 7.6% and 11.0%. In the derivation cohort of the no ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and no shock model (n=110 529), the unadjusted 30-day mortality rate was 1.4%. The final model included 16 variables with the observed predicted mortality rates ranging from 0.1% to 7.0% across deciles of the predicted patient mortality rates. The 25th and 75th percentiles of the risk-standardized mortality rate across 612 hospitals were 1.3% and 1.6%, with 5th and 95th percentiles of 1.0% and 2.0%.

Conclusions—

These National Quality Forum endorsed registry-based models produce estimates of hospital risk-standardized mortality rates for patients undergoing PCI.
Hemoglobin Level Is Positively Associated With Blood Pressure in a Large Cohort of Healthy Individuals
Authors: Atsma Femke , Veldhuizen Ingrid , de Kort Wim , van Kraaij Marian , Pasker-de Jong Pieternel , Deinum Jaap
Published: September 2012

It has been hypothesized that an increased hemoglobin level elevates blood pressure. The present study investigated the association between hemoglobin level and systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in healthy persons. The study population was composed of 101 377 whole blood and plasma donors, who made 691 107 visits to the blood bank. At each visit, hemoglobin level and blood pressure were measured as part of the standard procedure before a blood donation. We used repeated measurement analysis to analyze the data. We used generalized estimating equation models to assess the between-person effect and linear mixed models to assess the within-person effect. All of the analyses were done separately for men and women. In the study population, 50% were men. The mean age in men was 49.3 years (±12.5 years), and in women it was 42.4 years (±13.7 years). Hemoglobin level was positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. With respect to the between-person effect, regression coefficients for systolic blood pressure were 1.3 mm Hg per millimole per liter increase in hemoglobin level for men and 1.8 mm Hg per millimole per liter increase in hemoglobin level for women. With respect to the within-person effect, regression coefficients for systolic blood pressure were 0.7 mm Hg and 0.9 mm Hg per millimole per liter increase in hemoglobin level, for men and women, respectively. For diastolic blood pressure, results were comparable. The results show that hemoglobin level is positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in healthy individuals. We observed consistent effects between persons but also within persons.
The Influence of Sex on Early Stage Markers of Kidney Dysfunction in Response to Juvenile Obesity
Authors: Bloor Ian D. , Sebert Sylvain P. , Mahajan Ravi P. , Symonds Michael E.
Published: September 2012

Changes within the kidney in response to obesity are critical in determining the magnitude of later dysfunction. However, the cause of this process in response to juvenile onset obesity and how it can be determined by sex is poorly understood. We therefore examined the effect of juvenile obesity induced by exposure to a restricted activity environment from weaning until early adulthood on the molecular responses within the kidney together with glomerular area and nucleated cell number. This was stratified by sex and was undertaken in a sheep model of early obesity. Despite a similar magnitude of increase in fat mass with obesity onset between sexes, adverse effects on glomerular area and cell number together with raised gene expression within the kidney only occurred in males. Irrespective of obesity, gene expression of C-C motif receptor 2 was higher, and interleukin-6 lower, in male kidneys compared with female kidneys. The effects of sex on molecular differences within the kidney were amplified with obesity, which had no effect on any gene studied in females but had an enhanced response in males. Obese males therefore showed increased gene expression of a range of markers relating to the glucocorticoid axis, inflammation, and lipid sensing. In conclusion, young females were protected from adverse renal effects of obesity, which results in very little inflammatory or related responses. Our findings emphasize the critical importance of sex specificity in disease pathogenesis. An increased understanding of the specific mechanisms will have important implications for therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing adverse consequences of obesity.
α-Adrenergic Vasoconstriction Contributes to the Age-Related Increase in Conduit Artery Retrograde and Oscillatory Shear
Authors: Casey Darren P. , Padilla Jaume , Joyner Michael J.
Published: September 2012

Aging is associated with increased retrograde and oscillatory shear in peripheral conduit arteries of humans. Although the mechanisms responsible for these age-related changes are not completely understood, augmented downstream α-adrenergic tone likely plays a significant role in this phenomenon. Therefore, in protocol 1, brachial artery diameter and blood velocity were measured via Doppler ultrasound during (1) rest (control), (2) endogenous norepinephrine release via intra-arterial infusions of tyramine, and (3) α-adrenergic blockade via infusions of phentolamine in young healthy humans (n=12). Tyramine increased brachial artery retrograde (−4.0±1.4 to −9.5±1.4 s
–1
) and oscillatory shear (0.05±0.02 to 0.18±0.05 arbitrary units), whereas phentolamine abolished retrograde and oscillatory shear (
P
<0.05). Additionally, in protocol 2, we examined brachial artery shear patterns in young (n=12; 29±2 years) and older (n=13; 69±2 years) healthy adults during (1) rest (control), (2) sympathetic activation via lower body negative pressure, and (3) infusion of phentolamine. At rest, older adults exhibited greater brachial artery retrograde and oscillatory shear (−9.9±2.7 s
–1
and 0.11±0.03 arbitrary units, respectively) compared with younger adults (−3.1±1.0 s
–1
and 0.05±0.02 arbitrary units, respectively;
P
<0.05 for both). Lower body negative pressure increased retrograde and oscillatory shear in young (
P
<0.05), but not older adults (
P
=0.85–0.97), such that differences between young and older were eliminated (
P
>0.05). During infusion of phentolamine, retrograde and oscillatory shear were abolished in young adults (
P
<0.05) and markedly reduced, yet still persistent, in older adults (
P
<0.01). Our data indicate that α-adrenergic vasoconstriction is a major contributor to age-related discrepancies in conduit artery shear-rate patterns at rest.