bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pro‐Xylane: A New Biologically Active C‐Glycoside in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Cavezza Alexandre , Boulle Christophe , Gueguiniat Amelie , Pichaud Patrick , Trouille Simon , Ricard Louis , Dalko‐Csiba Maria
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Stable, Storable and Differentially Protected Acyclic Precursor of D‐Amicetose and Its Conversion to 4‐O‐Benzyl‐Protected D‐Amicetose (V).
Authors: Aidhen Indrapal Singh , Satyamurthi N.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sn‐Free Ni‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Glycosyl Bromides with Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Gong Hegui , Andrews R. Stephen , Zuccarello Joseph L. , Lee Stephen J. , Gagne Michel R.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Aminoxypropionate‐Based Linker System for Cyclization Activation in Prodrug Design.
Authors: Ge Yiyu , Wu Xinghua , Zhang Dazhi , Hu Longqin
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Route to Novel 2‐(β‐D‐Xylo‐ and Arabinopyranosylthio)dihydropyridine Glycosides and Their Corresponding Dehydrogenated Forms
Authors: Elgemeie G. H. , Eltamny E. H. , Elgawad I. I. , Mahmoud N. M.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Neoglycolipids Based on D‐Lactose.
Authors: Gur'eva L. Yu. , Budanova U. A. , Sebyakin Yu. L.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: In vitro Antiinflammatory Activity of Lignans Isolated from Magnolia fargesii.
Authors: Kim Jae Yeon , Lim Hyo Jin , Lee Da Yeon , Kim Ji Sun , Kim Do Hee , Lee Hwa Jin , Kim Hee Doo , Jeon Raok , Ryu Jae‐Ha
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: HY251, a Novel Cell Cycle Inhibitor Isolated from Aralia continentalis, Induces G1 Phase Arrest via p53‐Dependent Pathway in HeLa Cells.
Authors: Oh Ha Lim , Lim Haeyoung , Cho Youl‐Hee , Koh Hyun Chul , Kim Hojung , Lim Yoongho , Lee Chul‐Hoon
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Metabolites with DNA‐Binding Affinity from the Mangrove Fungus Xylaria sp. (#2508) from the South China Sea Coast.
Authors: Xu Fang , Pang Jiyan , Lu Bingtai , Wang Jiajun , Zhang Yi , She Zhigang , Vrijmoed L. L. P. , Gareth Jones E. B. , Lin Yongcheng
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Total Synthesis of Benzo[b]furan Natural Product XH‐14 (V)
Authors: Bang Hyun Bae , Han Su Young , Choi Da Hye , Yang Deok Mo , Hwang Jung Woon , Lee Hyun Suck , Jun Jong‐Gab
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetic Ga1‐xMnxAs (x ≤ 0.05) Nanowires: Dependence of Eletronic Structures and Magnetic Properties on Mn Content.
Authors: Park Jeunghee , et al. et al.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Solution Synthesis of Cubic Cobalt Nanoskeletons.
Authors: Wang Xi , Fu Hongbing , Peng Aidong , Zhai Tianyou , Ma Ying , Yuan Fangli , Yao Jiannian
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Frustrated Quantum Antiferromagnets: Application of High‐Order Coupled Cluster Method
Authors: Richter J. , Darradi R. , Zinke R. , Bishop R. F.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Large Magnetoresistance Effects in Novel Layered Rare Earth Halides
Authors: Kremer R. K. , Ryazanov M. , Simon A.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Shape of Germanium Clusters to Come
Authors: Korber Nikolaus
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3d—4f Combined Chemistry: Synthetic Strategies and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Andruh Marius , Costes Jean‐Pierre , Diaz Carmen , Gao Song
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox‐Triggered Chiroptical Molecular Switches
Authors: Canary James W.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Noguez Cecilia , Garzon Ignacio L.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Dynamics of Phenyl Radicals in Extreme Environments: A Crossed Molecular Beam Study
Authors: Gu Xibin , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Twists in Mesomorphic Columnar Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Vera Francisco , Serrano Jose Luis , Sierra Teresa
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypercoordinate Silicon Complexes Based on Hydrazide Ligands. A Remarkably Flexible Molecular System
Authors: Kost Daniel , Kalikhman Inna
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transmission of Stereochemical Information over Nanometre Distances in Chemical Reactions
Authors: Clayden Jonathan
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC): Exploring C—C Bond Formations Beyond Functional Group Transformations
Authors: Li Chao‐Jun
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimethylzinc‐Initiated Radical Reactions
Authors: Akindele Tito , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Domino Multicomponent Allylation Reaction for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Kinzel Tom , Brazel C. Christian
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoride Ion Recognition by Chelating and Cationic Boranes
Authors: Hudnall Todd W. , Chiu Ching‐Wen , Gabbat Francois P.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinase Domain Mutations in Cancer: Implications for Small Molecule Drug Design Strategies
Authors: Bikker Jack A. , Brooijmans Natasja , Wissner Allan , Mansour Tarek S.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Oxycarbonylation of Terminal Acetylenes: Application to Asymmetric and Tandem Reactions
Authors: Kato Keisuke , Akita Hiroyuki
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Enolate Chemistry and Total Syntheses of Bioactive Natural Products
Authors: Hosokawa Seijiro
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6,6‐Spiroketal Natural Products: Reveromycin A, B and Spirofungin A, B
Authors: Shimizu Takeshi
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Oligothiophenes: Molecular Design for Multidimensional Nanoarchitectures and Their Applications
Authors: Mishra Amaresh , Ma Chang‐Qi , Baeuerle Peter
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vinyl Selenides
Authors: Perin Gelson , Lenardao Eder Joao , Jacob Raquel Guimaraes , Panatieri Rodrigo Barroso
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 2‐Thiazolines
Authors: Gaumont Annie‐Claude , Gulea Mihaela , Levillain Jocelyne
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aza‐ and Polyazapyrenes
Authors: Borovlev I. V. , Demidov O. P.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Guanidine Catalyzed Enantioselective Reactions
Authors: Leow Dasheng , Tan Choon‐Hong
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Supramolecular Metal Complex Catalytic Systems for Petrochemical and Organic Synthesis
Authors: Karakhanov E. A. , Maksimov A. L. , Runova E. A. , Kardasheva Yu. S. , Terenina M. V. , Kardashev S. V. , Skorkin V. A. , Karapetyan L. M. , Talanova M. Yu.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonconventional Allylation of Norbornene and Norbornadiene Derivatives: Stoichiometry and Catalysis
Authors: Evstigneeva E. M. , Flid V. R.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Periodic Mesoporous Silicas and Organosilicas: An Overview Towards Catalysis
Authors: Shylesh S. , Samuel Prinson P. , Sisodiya Sheetal , Singh A. P.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selection of Solid Heterogeneous Catalysts for Transesterification Reaction
Authors: Viswanathan B. , Ramaswamy A. V.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: P‐Heteroatom‐Substituted Arylphosphines
Authors: Alajarin M. , Lopez‐Leonardo C. , Berna J.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylphosphines and Derivatives
Authors: Murphy P. J. , Boeckemeier H.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Arylamines
Authors: Stevenson P. J.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Synthesis of Plant Polyketides
Authors: Shi Shepo , Morita Hiroyuki , Wanibuchi Kiyofumi , Mizuuchi Yuusuke , Noguchi Hiroshi , Abe Ikuro
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Azoarenes
Authors: Rueck‐Braun K. Rueck‐Braun K. , Dietrich S. , Kempa S. , Priewisch B.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arenediazonium Salts
Authors: O'Leary P.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Metalloenzymes for Enantioselective Catalysis Based on the Biotin—Avidin Technology
Authors: Mao Jincheng , Ward Thomas R.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiphase Catalysis in Temperature‐Dependent Multicomponent Solvent (TMS) Systems
Authors: Behr Arno , Turkowski Barbara , Roll Reina , Schoebel Rene , Henze Guido
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mizoroki—Heck Reactions Promoted by Microwave Irradiation. Part 2. Selectivity, Application and Special Techniques
Authors: Bonrath Werner , Letinois Ulla , Netscher Thomas , Schuetz Jan
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Protein Quality Control as a Strategy for Cellular Regulation: Lessons from Ubiquitin‐Mediated Regulation of the Serol Pathway
Authors: Hampton Randolph Y. , Garza Renee M.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramembrane Proteolysis
Authors: Wolfe Michael S.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis of Insect Spiroacetals
Authors: Booth Yvonne K. , Kitching William , De Voss James J.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Genetics
Authors: Sekhon B. S.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Alteration of Nervous System in Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Koyama Toshihiro , Hatanaka Yukako , Goda Mitsuhiro , Zamami Yoshito , Hobara Narumi , Kawasaki Hiromu
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Application of Superabsorbent Polymers for Improving the Ecological Chemistry of Degraded or Polluted Lands
Authors: Hüttermann Aloys , Orikiriza Lawrence J. B. , Agaba Hillary
Published: June 2009

About 3.5 billion ha of land, which amounts to almost 30% of the total solid land of the world, has been degraded by human activities. The ecological restoration of these lands is a major challenge for mankind since they are the only option left for increasing the amount of arable land and producing food for the ever growing worldwide population. One common feature of these degraded lands is the fact that their organic soil matter is degraded also. Rainfall therefore, changes from a blessing to a menace since it is not kept in the soil and therefore causes erosion. A solution for the restoration of these lands could be the application of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) to these soils. These substances are like ‘artificial humus’ as they are hydrophilic and contain carboxylic groups. This enables them to bind cations and water. They have the following advantages for the restoration of degraded lands. They increase the plant available water in the soil which enables the plants to survive longer under water stress. SAP amendment to soils reduces the evapotranspiration rate of the plants. They induce a significantly higher growth rate in plants growing on SAP amended soil. They bind heavy metals and mitigate their action on plants. They mitigate the effects of salinity. The benefits of SAP amendment to soils substantially outweigh their costs.
Outcomes associated with cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal surface disease and hepatic metastases
Authors: Varban Oliver , Levine Edward A. , Stewart John H. , McCoy Thomas P. , Shen Perry
Published: June 2009

BACKGROUND:

Cytoreductive surgery (CS) and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) can improve outcomes for selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal cancer. The presence of parenchymal hepatic metastases (HM) is considered a relative contraindication for CS and IPHC. The purpose of the current study was to compare the overall survival of patients with HM to those without and to examine predictive factors.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective study of patients undergoing CS and IPHC between 1991 and 2007. Clinicopathologic information was obtained from a prospectively collected database and electronic medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate variables predictive for overall survival.

RESULTS:

There were 142 patients who underwent CS and IPHC for PC from colorectal cancer, with 14 (9.9%) patients noted to have concurrent HM. The median number and size of the liver lesions was 1 (range, 1‐7 lesions) and 3.0 cm (range, 0.4 cm‐12 cm), respectively. The median overall survival for patients with HM was 23.0 months. Two‐year and 4‐year survival rates were 43.3% and 14.4%, respectively. Patients without HM had 2‐year and 4‐year survival rates of 36.8% and 17.4%, respectively. Overall survival was not significantly different for patients with and without HM (log‐rank P = .39).

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients with HM undergoing CS and IPHC for colorectal cancer were found to have no significant difference in overall survival compared with those without HM. Most patients had a single small lesion treated with a minor hepatic resection. Further study is indicated to define which patients with HM benefit most from this multimodality approach. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Molecular Layer Deposition of Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Polymer Films using Diethylzinc and Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Yoon Byunghoon , O'Patchen Jennifer L. , Seghete Dragos , Cavanagh Andrew S. , George Steven M.
Published: June 2009

The molecular layer deposition (MLD) of a hybrid organic‐inorganic polymer based on zinc is demonstrated using sequential exposures of diethyl zinc (DEZ, Zn(CH2CH3)2) and ethylene glycol (EG, HOCH2CH2OH). This polymer is representative of a class of zinc alkoxide polymers with an approximate formula of (ZnORO)n that can be called “zincones”. The film growth and surface chemistry during zincone MLD is studied using in‐situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The absorbance of the infrared features of the zincone film increase progressively versus the number of MLD cycles. The FTIR spectra after the DEZ and EG exposures are consistent with the gain and loss of absorbance from CH, OH, CO, and ZnO stretching vibrations. FTIR studies also confirm the self‐limiting nature of the surface reactions and monitor the temperature dependence of the film growth. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of ZrO2 nanoparticles show very conformal zincone films and determine that the growth rate varies from 4.0 Å per MLD cycle at 90 °C to 0.25 Å per MLD cycle at 170 °C. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and X‐ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements show linear zincone growth versus the number of MLD cycles. XRR studies on silicon wafers are consistent with a growth rate of 0.7 Å per MLD cycle at 130 °C. The higher growth rate on the ZrO2 nanoparticles is attributed to the lower gas conductance and possible CVD reactions in the ZrO2 nanoparticles. The reaction mechanism for zincone MLD is dependent on temperature. At higher temperatures, there is evidence for “double” reactions of EG because no free hydroxyl groups are observed in the FTIR spectrum after the EG exposures. The zincone film can grow in the absence of free hydroxyl groups if DEZ can diffuse into the zincone film and react during the subsequent EG exposure. The zincone films initially adsorb H2O upon exposure to air and then are very stable with time.
Efficient dynamic frame aggregation in IEEE 802.11s mesh networks
Authors: Lin Ying‐Dar , Yeh Jui‐Hung , Yang Tsung‐Hsien , Ku Chia‐Yu , Tsao Shiao‐Li , Lai Yuan‐Cheng
Published: June 2009

IEEE 802.11n could improve the network efficiency of WLAN by aggregating multiple frames into a single transmission. The frame aggregation technique especially benefits multi‐hop transmissions that introduce enormous 802.11 medium access control (MAC) layer control overhead. This paper proposes a novel
algorithm, namely dynamic aggregation selection and scheduling (DASS) algorithm, that can dynamically adopt the appropriate aggregation mechanism for IEEE 802.11s mesh network. The characteristics, benefits and the restrictions of three aggregation mechanisms, aggregate MAC service data units, aggregate MAC protocol data unit and aggregate physical protocol data unit, are investigated. Based on the channel condition, the quantity and the distribution of the frame arrivals, DASS could determine what aggregation mechanism to adopt and whether to wait for the next frame for aggregating transmissions. Simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm significantly increases the channel efficiency of the 802.11 MAC and further improves the overall throughput of the wireless mesh network by approximately 95%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional role of human NK cell receptor 2B4 (CD244) isoforms
Authors: Mathew Stephen O. , Rao Krithi K. , Kim Jong R. , Bambard Nowland D. , Mathew Porunelloor A.
Published: June 2009

2B4 (CD244), a member of the signaling lymphocyte‐activation molecule (SLAM/CD150), is expressed on all NK cells, a subpopulation of T cells, monocytes and basophils. Human NK cells express two isoforms of 2B4, h2B4‐A and h2B4‐B that differ in a small portion of the extracellular domain. In the present investigation, we have studied the functions of h2B4‐A and h2B4‐B. Our study demonstrated that these two isoforms differ in their binding affinity for CD48, which results in differential cytotoxic activity as well as intracellular calcium release by NK cells upon target cell recognition. Analysis of the predicted 3‐D structure of the two isoforms showed conformational differences that could account for their differences in binding affinity to CD48. h2B4‐A was able to mediate natural cytotoxicity against CD48‐expressing K562 target cells and induce intracellular calcium release, whereas h2B4‐B showed no effects. NK‐92MI, U937, THP‐1, KU812, primary monocytes, basophils and NK cells showed expression of both h2B4‐A and h2B4‐B whereas YT and IL‐2‐activated NK cells did not show any h2B4‐B expression. Stimulation of NK cells through 2B4 resulted in decreased mRNA levels of both h2B4‐A and h2B4‐B indicating that down‐regulation of 2B4 isoforms may be an important factor in controlling NK cell activation during immune responses.
Neuropilin‐1 is not a marker of human Foxp3+ Treg
Authors: Milpied Pierre , Renand Amédée , Bruneau Julie , Mendes‐Da‐Cruz Daniella A. , Jacquelin Sébastien , Asnafi Vahid , Rubio Marie‐Thérèse , MacIntyre Elizabeth , Lepelletier Yves , Hermine Olivier
Published: June 2009

Treg are immune cells that play a critical role in the regulation of the immune response. Although the transcription factor Foxp3 is widely accepted as the standard marker of Treg, specific surface markers are needed to better characterize these cells and decipher their mechanisms of action. Neuropilin‐1 (Nrp‐1), a membrane protein primarily involved in the nervous system, was identified as a specific marker of murine Treg, but its expression has not been rigorously investigated in human Treg. Here we show that in contrast to murine Treg and regardless of their origins (blood, thymus, spleen, lymph node or tonsil), human Foxp3+ Treg do not specifically express Nrp‐1. However, a population of Foxp3− Nrp‐1+ T cells can be detected in human secondary lymphoid organs, and Nrp‐1 expression is induced on peripheral blood T lymphocytes upon in vitro activation. We conclude that Nrp‐1 cannot be used as a specific marker of human Treg, but might represent a novel activation marker of human T cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Origins and functional basis of regulatory CD11c+CD8+ T cells
Authors: Vinay Dass S. , Kim Chang H. , Choi Beom K. , Kwon Byoung S.
Published: June 2009

Previously, we showed that CD11c defines a novel subset of CD8+ T cells whose in vivo activity is therapeutic for arthritis; however, the mechanisms directing their development, identity of their precursors, and basis of their effector function remain unknown. Here, we show that the novel subset develops from CD11csurface−CD8+ T cells and undergoes robust expansion in an antigen‐ and 4‐1BB (CD137)‐dependent manner. CD11c+CD8+ T cells exist in naïve mice (<3%) with limited suppressive activity. Once activated, they suppress CD4+ T cells in vivo and in vitro. Suppression of CD4+ by CD11c+CD8+ T cells is related to an increase in IDO activity induced in competent cells via the general control non‐derepressible‐2 pathway. CD11c+CD8+ T cells are refractory to the effect of IDO but constrict in a novel 1‐methyl D,L‐tryptophan‐dependent mechanism resulting in reversal of their suppressive effects. Thus, our data uncover, for the first time, the origin, development, and basis of the suppressive function of this novel CD11c+CD8+ T‐cell subpopulation that has many signature features of Treg.
DARC on RBC limits lung injury by balancing compartmental distribution of CXC chemokines
Authors: Reutershan Jörg , Harry Brian , Chang Daniel , Bagby Gregory J. , Ley Klaus
Published: June 2009

The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) has a high affinity for CC and CXC chemokines. However, it lacks the ability to induce cell responses that are typical for classical chemokine receptors. The role of DARC in inflammatory conditions remains to be elucidated. We studied the role of DARC in a murine model of acute lung injury. We found that in Darc‐gene‐deficient (Darc−/−) mice, LPS‐induced PMN migration into the alveolar space was elevated more than twofold. In contrast, PMN adhesion to endothelial cells and within the interstitial space was reduced in Darc−/− mice. Darc−/− mice also exhibited increased microvascular permeability. Elevated PMN migration in Darc−/− mice was associated with increased concentrations of two essential CXCR2 ligands, CXCL1 and CXCL2/3 in the alveolar space. In the blood, CXCL1 was mostly associated with RBC in WT mice and with plasma in Darc−/− mice. We found that DARC on RBC prevented excessive PMN migration into the alveolar space. In contrast, DARC on non‐hematopoietic cells appeared to have only minor effects on leukocyte trafficking in this model. These findings show how DARC regulates lung inflammation by controlling the distribution and presentation of chemokines that bind CXCR2.
Peptide mimics of two pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotypes (6B and 9V) protect mice from a lethal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Smith Claire M. , Passo Carla Lo , Scuderi Angela , Kolberg Jan , Baxendale Helen , Goldblatt David , Oggioni Marco R. , Felici Franco , Andrew Peter W.
Published: June 2009

Anti‐polysaccharide immunity is a key facet of protection against several bacterial pathogens. Problems exist with current polysaccharide vaccines and alternative strategies that deliver a protective response are needed. We have identified immunological peptide mimics of type 6B and 9V pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides that could be used as vaccine antigens. Peptides mimicking antigenic properties of serotype 6B capsular polysaccharide were obtained from a phage‐displayed peptide library expressing dodecameric peptides, using a human monoclonal antibody (Db3G9). A murine monoclonal antibody (206, F‐5) against the serotype 9V capsular polysaccharide identified three peptide mimotopes from the dodecameric peptide library and one from a random pentadecameric peptide library. In ELISA, binding of 206, F‐5 and Db3G9 to phage displaying the selected mimotopes was significantly inhibited by type‐specific pneumococcal polysaccharide. Peptides were conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin and were used to immunise mice. Two peptides, MP13 and MP7, induced specific anti‐6B and 9V polysaccharide antibodies, respectively. Mice immunised with MP7‐keyhole limpet hemocyanin or MP13‐keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate were significantly and specifically protected against a lethal challenge with pneumococci of the appropriate serotype. This study provides strong in vivo evidence that peptide mimics are alternatives to polysaccharide vaccines.
CCR6 regulates EAE pathogenesis by controlling regulatory CD4+ T‐cell recruitment to target tissues
Authors: Villares Ricardo , Cadenas Vanessa , Lozano María , Almonacid Luis , Zaballos Angel , Martínez‐A Carlos , Varona Rosa
Published: June 2009

The T‐cell subsets, characterized by their cytokine production profiles and immune regulatory functions, depend on correct in vivo location to interact with accessory or target cells for effective immune responses. Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into effectors is accompanied by sequentially regulated expression of the chemokine receptors responsible for cell recruitment to specific tissues. We studied CCR6 function in EAE, a CD4+ T‐cell‐mediated CNS disease characterized by mononuclear infiltration and demyelination. CCR6−/− mice showed an altered time course of EAE development, with delayed onset, a higher clinical score, and more persistent symptoms than in controls. An imbalanced cytokine profile and reduced Foxp3+ cell frequency characterized CNS tissues from CCR6−/− compared with CCR6+/+ mice during the disease effector phase. Transfer of CCR6+/+ Treg to CCR6−/− mice the day before EAE induction reduced the clinical score associated with an increased in infiltrating Foxp3+ cells and recovery of the cytokine balance in CCR6−/− mouse CNS. Competitive assays between CCR6+/+ and CCR6−/− Treg adoptively transferred to CCR6−/− mice showed impaired ability of CCR6−/− Treg to infiltrate CNS tissues in EAE‐affected mice. Our data indicate a CCR6 requirement by CD4+ Treg to downregulate the CNS inflammatory process and neurological signs associated with EAE.
B7‐H1 and CD8+ Treg: The enigmatic role of B7‐H1 in peripheral tolerance
Authors: Waisman Ari , Yogev Nir
Published: June 2009

The interaction between B7‐H1 (PD‐L1) expressed on APC with PD‐1 expressed by T cells was shown previously to result in inhibition of T‐cell activation and autoimmune diseases. A paper in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology demonstrates that DC B7‐H1 expression can in fact enhance autoimmunity, rather than suppress it. Using a model of direct injection of self antigen‐loaded DC into the CNS, the authors demonstrate that DC with intact B7‐H1 expression exacerbate CNS autoimmune disease. Importantly, the improved disease outcome in animals treated with B7‐H1−/− DC is a result of a population of CD8+ Treg cells that expand at the site of autoimmune inflammation.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 6/09
Authors: Serre Karine , Mohr Elodie , Toellner Kai‐Michael , Cunningham Adam F. , Bird Roger , Khan Mahmood , MacLennan Ian C. M.
Published: June 2009

The cover image depicts immunofluorescence histology of OT‐II cells within the popliteal draining lymph nodes. The image was taken from the article by Serre et al. (pp.1573–1586), in which the authors assess the complexity of Th2 responses in vivo. The authors show that early central‐memory‐like cells induced by immunization re‐enter the cell cycle and migrate to B‐cell follicles, where the induction and survival of memory cells are independent of the starting frequency of antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells.
Functionalized Tetrazoles from Cyanogen Azide with Secondary Amines
Authors: Joo Young‐Hyuk , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: June 2009

Secondary amines react with cyanogen azide at ambient temperature in water/acetonitrile to provide tetrazole derivatives directly. The scope and limitations with regard to steric hindrance of the amine are discussed. Although reaction yields are moderate, 29–81 %, the cyanogen azide reactions provide a direct and versatile route to functionalized tetrazoles that may be especially useful considering the diversity of amines suitable for this transformation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Molecular Designs and Syntheses of Organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 18/2009)
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Harima Yutaka
Published: June 2009

The cover picture shows dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on organic dyes adsorbed on a nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode. DSSCs have received considerable attention because of their high incident solar‐light‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency and low cost of production. To create high‐performance DSSCs, it is necessary to design and synthesize new and efficient organic dye photosensitizers with effective chromophores and substituents for the performance of DSSCs, which will be made possible by the exquisite molecular design and synthetic strategy of organic chemists. The background shows the architecture of the Department of Engineering, Hiroshima University, which is associated with the arrangement of organic dyes adsorbed on TiO2 electrodes. The designs and synthesis of organic dyes for DSSCs are presented in the Microreview by Y. Ooyama and Y. Harima on p. 2903 ff.
Inventory of shipping emissions in Izmit Gulf, Turkey
Authors: Kiliç Alper , Deniz Cengiz
Published: June 2009

Ships are significant emissions sources in transportation sector. The environmental effects of shipping emissions become more serious because of insufficient international rules and inspections. Especially in inland waters, canals, straits, gulfs, and port areas emissions effects on environment and health are more important. Izmit Gulf is the major industrial, transport, and inland water region which is affected from shipping emissions with 37 ports and industrial plants. In this study, NOx, SO2, CO2, HC, and PM emission amounts from 11,645 ships called to Izmit Gulf in 2005. These emissions are classified according to ships operation modes and ship types. Annual shipping emissions are estimated as 5,356 t yr−1 for NOx, 4,305 t yr−1 for SO2, 254,261 t yr−1 for CO2, 232 t yr−1 for HC and 487 t yr−1 for PM. To determine the most probably effected regions in the gulf, the spatial distribution of NOx emissions within the Gulf region has been prepared in 1 × 1 Nm2 (Nautical miles) grid cells based on ship movement data along the various routes. Ships in Izmit Gulf contribute to urban pollution with sulfur dioxide significantly. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Metallic particle dynamics in a single phase gas insulated busduct with coated electrodes under lightning impulse superimposed on power frequency voltage
Authors: Kumar Gundavarapu Venkata Nagesh , Amarnath Jinka
Published: June 2009

Conducting particles in transmission and switching equipment insulated by compressed sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) can result in loss of as much as 90% of the gas dielectric strength. These particles may be free to move in the electric field or may be fixed on the conductors, thus enhancing local surface fields. In a horizontal coaxial system with particles resting on the inside surface of the enclosure, the motion of such particles is random. The power industry has utilized several methods to control and minimize the effect of particle contamination in GIS. One such technique is to apply a dielectric coating to the inside surface of the outer GIS enclosure. The electric field necessary to lift a particle resting on the inside surface of a GIS enclosure is much increased due to the coating. Transient over voltages due to lightning and switching surges cause steep build‐up of voltage on transmission lines and other electrical apparatus, therefore it is necessary for the GIS also to withstand such voltages without breakdown of insulation. Lightning impulse voltage of 1050 kV is superimposed on power frequency voltages of 75 kV, 100 kV, 132 kV and 145 kV are applied to 1‐Phase Gas Insulated Bus (1‐Phase GIB) and the maximum movement of aluminum, copper, and silver particles is determined. The movement patterns are also determined with and without Monte‐Carlo simulation for movement of particle in axial and radial directions. The results are presented and analyzed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.