bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Intracerebral Hematoma Evacuation During Decompressive Hemicraniectomy on Functional Outcomes
Authors: Li Luyuan , Molian Vaelan A. , Seaman Scott C. , Zanaty Mario , Howard Matthew A. , Greenlee Jeremy D. , Hasan David M. , Leira Enrique C.
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:

Decompressive hemicraniectomy has been used to treat spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, but the benefit of evacuating the hematoma during the procedure is unclear. We aim to evaluate the utility of performing clot evacuation during hemicraniectomy for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort of consecutive patients (2010–2019) treated with decompressive hemicraniectomy for a spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage at the University of Iowa. We compared hemicraniectomy alone to hemicraniectomy plus hematoma evacuation. We analyzed clinical features and hematoma characteristics. The outcomes at 6 months were dichotomized into unfavorable (Glasgow Outcome Scale score 1–3) and favorable (Glasgow Outcome Scale score 4–5).

Results:

Eighty-three patients underwent decompressive hemicraniectomy for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, 52 with hematoma evacuation, and 31 without hematoma evacuation. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical and radiographic characteristics between the 2 groups. Evacuating the hematoma in addition to hemicraniectomy did not change the odds of favorable outcome at 6 months (
P
=0.806).

Conclusions:

In this retrospective study, the performance of hematoma evacuation during decompressive hemicraniectomy for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage may not change functional outcomes over performing the hemicraniectomy alone.
Patterns of Neointima Formation After Coil or Stent Treatment in a Rat Saccular Sidewall Aneurysm Model
Authors: Grüter Basil E. , Wanderer Stefan , Strange Fabio , Boillat Gwendoline , Täschler Dominik , Rey Jeannine , Croci Davide M. , Grandgirard Denis , Leib Stephen L. , von Gunten Michael , Di Santo Stefano , Widmer Hans Rudolf , Remonda Luca , Andereggen Lukas , Nevzati Edin , Coluccia Daniel , Fandino Javier , Marbacher Serge
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:

Endovascular aneurysm treatment relies on a biological process, including cell migration for thrombus organization and growth of a neointima. To better understand aneurysm healing, our study explores the origin of neointima-forming and thrombus-organizing cells in a rat saccular sidewall aneurysm model.

Methods:

Saccular aneurysms were transplanted onto the abdominal aorta of male Lewis rats and endovascularly treated with coils (n=28) or stents (n=26). In 34 cases, GFP+ (green fluorescent protein)-expressing vital aneurysms were sutured on wild-type rats, and in 23 cases, decellularized wild-type aneurysms were sutured on GFP+ rats. Follow-up at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days evaluated aneurysms by fluorescence angiography, macroscopic inspection, and microscopy for healing and inflammation status. Furthermore, the origin of cells was tracked with fluorescence histology.

Results:

In animals with successful functional healing, histological studies showed a gradually advancing thrombus organization over time characterized by progressively growing neointima from the periphery of the aneurysm toward the center. Cell counts revealed similar distributions of GFP+ cells for coil or stent treatment in the aneurysm wall (54.4% versus 48.7%) and inside the thrombus (20.5% versus 20.2%) but significantly more GFP+ cells in the neointima of coiled (27.2 %) than stented aneurysms (10.4%;
P
=0.008).

Conclusions:

Neointima formation and thrombus organization are concurrent processes during aneurysm healing. Thrombus-organizing cells originate predominantly in the parent artery. Neointima formation relies more on cell migration from the aneurysm wall in coiled aneurysms but receives greater contributions from cells originating in the parent artery in stent-treated aneurysms. Cell migration, which allows for a continuous endothelial lining along the parent artery’s lumen, may be a prerequisite for complete aneurysm healing after endovascular therapy. In terms of translation into clinical practice, these findings may explain the variability in achieving complete aneurysm healing after coil treatment and the improved healing rate in stent-assisted coiling.
Explaining Extreme Events of 2019 from a Climate Perspective
Authors: Herring Stephanie C. , Christidis Nikolaos , Hoell Andrew , Hoerling Martin P. , Stott Peter A.
Published: January 2021

Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of the Explaining Extreme Events of 2019 is a very low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clicking here. Please be patient as it may take a few minutes for the high-resolution file to download.
A Modified Finescale Parameterization for Turbulent Mixing in the Western Equatorial Pacific
Authors: Liang Chang-Rong , Shang Xiao-Dong , Qi Yong-Feng , Chen Gui-Ying , Yu Ling-Hui
Published: January 2021

Finescale parameterizations are of great importance to explore the turbulent mixing in the open ocean due to the difficulty of microstructure measurements. Studies based on finescale parameterizations have greatly aided our knowledge of the turbulent mixing in the open ocean. In this study, we introduce a modified finescale parameterization (MMG) based on shear/strain variance ratio Rω and compare it with three existing parameterizations, namely, the MacKinnon–Gregg (MG) parameterization, the Gregg–Henyey–Polzin (GHP) parameterization based on shear and strain variances, and the GHP parameterization based on strain variance. The result indicates that the prediction of MG parameterization is the best, followed by the MMG parameterization, then the shear-and-strain-based GHP parameterization, and finally the strain-based GHP parameterization. The strain-based GHP parameterization is less effective than the shear-and-strain-based GHP parameterization, which is mainly due to its excessive dependence on stratification. The predictions of the strain-based MMG parameterization can be comparable to that of the MG parameterization and better than that of the shear-and-strain-based GHP parameterization. Most importantly, MMG parameterization is even effective over rough topography where the GHP parameterization fails. This modified MMG parameterization with prescribed Rω can be applied to extensive CTD data. It would be a useful tool for researchers to explore the turbulent mixing in the open ocean.
Vasoactive Biomarkers Associated With Long-Term Incidence of Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease and Mortality
Authors: Dakhel Ardwan , Engström Gunnar , Melander Olle , Acosta Stefan , Fatemi Shahab , Gottsäter Anders , Zarrouk Moncef
Published: January 2021

We evaluated if plasma biomarkers can predict incident peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and mortality in a longitudinal cohort study. Men (n = 3618) and women (n = 1542) were included in the Malmö Preventive Project and underwent analysis of: C-terminal endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1), N-Terminal prosomatostatin (NT-proSST), midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), procalcitonin (PCT), and copeptin. Participants were followed up for incident PAD and mortality until December 31, 2016. Median follow-up was 11.2 years (interquartile range 9.4-12.2). Cumulative incidence of PAD was 4.3% (221/5160), 4.5% in men (164/3618) and 3.7% in women (57/1542; P = .174). In an adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model, higher CT-proET-1 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-2.3), NT-proSST (HR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2-2.0), and MR-proANP (HR 1.7; 95% CI 1.3-2.3) were independently associated with incident PAD, and higher CT-proET-1 (HR 1.3; 95% CI 1.2-1.5), NT-proSST (HR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.3), MR-proANP (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.3-1.6), PCT (HR 1.1; 95% CI 1.0-1.2), and copeptin (HR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.4) were independently associated with mortality. Increased levels of CT-proET-1, NT-proSST, and MR-proANP were independently associated with incident PAD, whereas all the vasoactive biomarkers were independently associated with mortality during follow-up.
Influence of Sex on Outcomes After Thoracic Endovascular Repair for Type B Aortic Dissection
Authors: Luo Songyuan , Zhu Yi , Xie Enmin , Ding Huanyu , Yang Fan , Chen Lyufan , Liu Jitao , Liu Yuan , Xue Ling , Fan Ruixin , Luo JianFang , Chen Jiyan
Published: January 2021

We aimed to investigate whether sex differences influence the clinical outcomes of patients who undergo thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for type B aortic dissection (TBAD). We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively maintained single-center cohort of patients with TBAD who underwent TEVAR between January 2010 and June 2017. We evaluated the in-hospital and long-term mortality and composite end point. Of the 913 patients, 793 (86.8%) were male and 120 (13.1%) were female. Compared to male patients, the female patients were older, more likely to have diabetes mellitus, but less likely to smoke or have hypertension. The proximal landing zone in 0 and 1 was higher in male patients ( P = .023), who were more likely to require an aortic arch bypass. Endoleak, delirium, and ICU stay after stent-graft implantation were also more frequent in men. Sex factor was not associated with in-hospital or long-term mortality or the composite end point in the multivariable regression analyses and Cox regression model. The mean estimated survival time was similar between males and females (2462.9 ± 141.2 vs 2804.1 ± 117.4 days, P = .167) in the propensity score–matched cohort. Despite distinct characteristics between sex, there was no sex-related difference in long-term clinical outcomes after TEVAR for TBAD.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms and Agranulocytosis Presenting as Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Chen Laura , Chia Clemente , Saha Anik
Published: January 2021

Objective: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. It is a potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction, commonly characterized by fever, rash, hematological abnormalities, and multi-organ involvement. Its association with agranulocytosis is even rarer, with fewer than 10 cases describing the coexistence of DRESS with agranulocytosis reported in the English literature. Case Summary: An otherwise well 40-year-old female presented with a sore throat and cervical lymphadenopathy, with investigations revealing DRESS and agranulocytosis secondary to carbamazepine. Conclusion: DRESS and agranulocytosis are serious, potentially life-threatening adverse drug reactions which can initially present as cervical lymphadenopathy. As carbamazepine is considered first-line therapy for certain chronic neuropathic conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia, clinicians should be aware of the varying clinical presentations of both conditions.
Can employment in a café change Clientele Attitude towards the staff when they are Persons with Mental Illness?
Authors: Gandhi Sailaxmi - , Jayaraman Sangeetha , Sivakumar Thanapal , John Annie P , Joseph Anoop , Prathyusha Parthipulli Vasuki
Published: January 2021

Background:

Clientele’s attitude toward Persons with Mental Illness (PwMI) changes over a period of time. The aim of this study was to explore and understand how and whether perception about PwMI changes when they are seen working like persons without mental illness among those availing services of ROSes café at NIMHANS, Bengaluru.

Methods:

The descriptive research design was adopted with purposive sampling. Community Attitude toward Mentally Ill (CAMI) a self -administered questionnaire of was administered to measure the clientele attitude towards staff with mental illness in ROSes Café (Recovery Oriented Services). A total of 256 subjects availing services from the ROSes café recruited in the study. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U test was computed to see the association and differences on selected variables.

Results:

The present study results showed that subjects had a positive attitude seen in health care professionals in the domains of benevolence (BE) (28.68 ± 3.00) and community mental health ideology (CMHI) (31.53 ± 3.19), whereas non-health care professionals had showed negative attitude in the domain of authoritarianism (AU) (30.54 ± 3.42) and social restrictiveness (SR) (30.18 ± 3.05). Education, employment, marital, income, and working status were significantly associated with CAMI domains.

Conclusion:

PwMI also can work like people without mental illness when the opportunities are provided. The community needs to regard mental illness in the same manner as chronic physical illness diabetes mellitus and allow PwMI to live a life of dignity by creating and offering opportunities to earn livelihood which would help them recover with their illnesses.
Public Spaces and Concentrations of Child Labourers in Ibadan Municipality, Nigeria
Authors: Taiwo Amos Oluwole , Badiora Adewumi Israel , Adebara Temitope Muyiwa
Published: January 2021

Against the background of the solution-defying incidence of child labourers in Nigerian cities, this study examined the relationship between public spaces and incidence of child labourers in Ibadan Municipality, Nigeria. Data were obtained through direct counting of child labourers and cursory observation of the physical and environmental compositions of their places of operation. The direct counting was conducted for seven days of the week in the morning, afternoon and evening within defined activity-nuclei purposively selected across three densities of residential areas of the municipality: high, medium and low. The data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics. Findings showed that the incidence and categories of child labourers varied with public spaces and density of residential areas, and also followed the concentric, sector and multiple nuclei theories of urban land use. The study, therefore, recommended that urban planners and government have roles to play in offering lasting solution to the menace of child labour.
Thermal decomposition of multilayer honeycomb core laminate sandwich composite panels in cone calorimeter apparatus – Effect of the top decomposed layer
Authors: Najmi Hussain , Luche Jocelyn , Rogaume Thomas
Published: January 2021

Multilayer composite materials are frequently used in aircraft interiors. Even though they have high properties (such as physical, chemical and mechanical properties), their application is limited due to lack of knowledge of their decomposition process and on the interaction between different layers in fire. In the present work, two types of composites with 3 and 4 layers are studied. The fire characterization of multilayer composite is studied in 3 different phases using ISO-5660 cone calorimeter at two heat fluxes (35 and 50 kW.m−2). Phase-I mainly concentrates on the decomposition of single layer materials (paint, laminate and honeycomb) while in phase-II and phase-III, different assemblies are formed using a single layer material and studied in the same experimental configuration. In all the three phases, back surface temperatures of the materials or assemblies are measured and analyzed with different gas productions which allow to understand the dynamics of the decomposition process. The finding from the cone calorimeter study suggests that the ignition primarily depends on the top layer behavior of the composite. The permeability analysis on the top layer of the composite confirms that decomposed layer of paint offers more resistance to the volatile gases escaping from the composite. At the end of the study, thermal conductivity is determined and the ignition temperature of both the composite is determined.
Investigation of the properties of Al7075-HTC composites produced by powder metallurgy
Authors: Arsun Ozan , Akgul Yasin , Simsir Hamza
Published: January 2021

Even though aluminium matrix composites have been used in many different application areas, the improvement of its mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties is crucial for enlargement of its application areas. To achieve this, many ceramic-based and carbon-based additives have been used. However, eco-friendly and low production cost hydrothermal carbons (HTCs) have not been used, yet. In this study, three different amounts of HTCs (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 wt.%) produced from cellulose were used as a reinforcement material in Al 7075 by powder metallurgy for the first time. According to the mechanical, tribological, and corrosion test results, all of the mentioned properties of Al 7075 alloy were improved by reinforcing with HTCs. As a consequence of this study, HTCs can be used as appropriate reinforcement materials for the aluminium matrix composites.
Sorry, Not Sorry: The independent role of multiple phonetic cues in signaling the difference between two word meanings
Authors: Martinuzzi Caitlyn , Schertz Jessamyn
Published: January 2021

We examine the use of multiple subphonemic differences distinguishing homophones in production and perception, through a case study focusing on the distinction between two polysemous senses of the English word “sorry” (apology vs. attention-seeking). An analysis of production data from voice actors revealed significant and substantial durational differences between the two meanings. Tokens expressing an apology were longer than attention-seeking tokens, and the situational intensity of the context also independently affected duration. When asked to identify the meaning in a two-way forced-choice task after hearing each token spliced out of its context, listeners were above chance (64.7% accuracy) in identifying the intended meaning, and their responses were significantly correlated with the duration, intensity, and intonation contour (but not mean F0) of the productions. In a second perception task, listeners heard tokens of “sorry” that had been systematically manipulated to vary in duration, intensity, and intonation contour, with responses indicating that each of these dimensions played an independent role in listeners’ judgments. The results highlight the importance of broadening the scope of research on the use of subphonemic detail during lexical access and considering a wider range of lexical and non-lexical factors that condition variability on multiple acoustic dimensions, in order to work toward a more accurate picture of the systematic variability available in the input and tracked by listeners.
Do We Share the Same View? Validating the Shared Mental Models in Team Sports Questionnaire
Authors: Raue Charlotte , Dreiskaemper Dennis , Strauss Bernd
Published: January 2021

Shared mental models (SMMs) can exert a positive influence on team sports performance because team members with SMMs share similar tasks and team-related knowledge. There is currently insufficient sports research on SMMs because the underlying theory has not been adapted adequately to the sports context, and different SMMs measurement instruments have been used in past studies. In the present study we aimed to externally validate and determine the construct validity of the “Shared Mental Models in Team Sports Questionnaire” (SMMTSQ). Moreover, we critically examined the theoretical foundation for this instrument. Participants were 476 active team athletes from various sports. While confirmatory factor analysis did not support the SMMTSQ’s hierarchical model, its 13 subfactors showed a good model fit in an explorative correlative approach, and the model showed good internal consistency and item–total correlations. Thus, the instrument’s subfactors can be applied individually, even while there are remaining questions as to whether other questionnaires of this kind are an appropriate means of measuring SMMs in sport.
Isomorphic Pressures on Jail Diversion: From Serious Mental Illness to Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Staton Monte D. , Andraka-Christou Barbara , Watson Dennis P.
Published: January 2021

This article explains how jail diversion introduced in one Midwestern county changed its focus over time from persons with serious mental illness (PSMI) to persons with opioid use disorder (POUD). Applying the theory of institutional isomorphism, the authors use both qualitative interview and quantitative program data to explore the isomorphic pressures that caused programming change resulting from an opioid addiction crisis at the expense of arrested PSMI not appropriate for treatment with Vivitrol®.
Relations Between Sexual and Gender Minority Stress, Personal Hardiness, and Psychological Stress in Emerging Adulthood: Examining Indirect Effects via Human-animal Interaction
Authors: McDonald Shelby E. , Murphy Jennifer L. , Tomlinson Camie A. , Matijczak Angela , Applebaum Jennifer W. , Wike Traci L. , Kattari Shanna K.
Published: January 2021

This study examines the role of human-animal interaction (HAI) in relations between sexual and gender minority (SGM) stress, personal hardiness, and psychological stress during emerging adulthood. Data for the current sample reflect 136 SGM emerging adults between the ages of 18 to 21 years who reported living with a companion animal in the past year (37.5% racial/ethnic minority, 49.2% transgender or gender -expansive, 98.5% sexual minority). Mediation was tested using structural equation modeling with a bootstrapping approach. We found evidence of an indirect effect of microaggressions on personal hardiness. Specifically, increases in microaggressions were associated with increases in HAI; in turn, increases in HAI were associated with higher levels of personal hardiness. No other statistically significant indirect effects were identified in our model. We discuss the implications of these findings for enhancing community capacity to empower and facilitate successful coping among SGM emerging adults.
Fourth Amendment Protections of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs: Patient Privacy in the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Knox Ryan
Published: January 2021

The opioid crisis is one of the largest public health problems in the history of the United States. Prescription drug monitoring programs (“PDMPs”)—state databases containing the records of all prescriptions for controlled substances written in the state—have emerged as a means to track opioid prescribing and use. While PDMPs are typically used as a tool for physicians to inform their prescribing practices, many states also permit law enforcement to access PDMPs when investigating controlled substance distribution, often without prior judicial approval. Such law enforcement use of PDMPs raises serious questions of patient privacy. The Fourth Amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures where they have a reasonable expectation of privacy and has been interpreted to require law enforcement have probable cause and a search warrant before infringing upon an individual’s reasonable expectation of privacy. Several courts have held that patients have no reasonable expectation of privacy, or a severely diminished expectation of privacy, in their prescription drug records held in PDMPs. As support, courts rely on the third-party doctrine because the information is disclosed to physicians and then held by the state; the highly regulated nature of the prescription drug industry; and the statutory framework of the Controlled Substances Act. Such analysis disregards patients’ expectation of privacy in their personal health information, the confidentiality in the physician-patient relationship, and the resulting patient incentives not to seek care. Therefore, this Article argues that law enforcement must have probable cause and a search warrant to access PDMPs because the exceptions to the Fourth Amendment’s probable cause and warrant requirements do not apply.
Baicalin Ameliorates Inflammatory Response in a Mouse Model of Rhinosinusitis via Regulating the Treg/Th17 Balance
Authors: Yang Ming , Zhu Xiaoyan , Fu Feida , Guo Qinghua , Zhu Xiaopu , Xu Yang , Yan Xiaotian , He Xinya , Wang Xu
Published: January 2021

Objective:

Rhinosinusitis is a global health problem affecting millions of people around the world. Baicalin is a bioactive compound isolated from medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The present study aims to investigate potential effects of baicalin on clinicopathological changes in nasal/sinus mucosa in a mouse model.

Methods:

A mouse model of sinonasal inflammation induced by high dose of ovalbumin was applied to evaluate effects of baicalin. Rhinosinusitis symptoms, histopathological features, levels of histamine, immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-17A, IL-10, and balance of regulatory T cell (Treg)/T-helper 17 (Th17) responses were examined.

Results:

Baicalin significantly relieved rhinosinusitis symptoms in mice, reduced histopathological changes, and suppressed serum levels of histamine and IgE in a dose-dependent manner. In lymphocytes of mice, baicalin modulated balance of Treg/Th17 proportions by attenuating Th17 cells and enhancing Treg cells, respectively. The serum IL-17A was decreased and IL-10 was increased in mice treated by baicalin. In addition, baicalin promoted levels of Smad protein 3 (p-Smad3) and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) to promote Treg cells while suppressed levels of p-Stat3 and retineic-acid-receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt ( RORγt) to inhibit Th17 cells.

Conclusions:

These data demonstrate that baicalin effectively ameliorates sinonasal inflammation in a mouse model by recovering the immunological balance of Treg/Th17 responses. Our finding highlights the potential value of baicalin for the treatment of rhinosinusitis.
Psalm 104: The Panorama of Life
Authors: Gnuse Robert
Published: January 2021

Psalm 104 is a majestic hymn to creation, a dynamic corollary to the more formal presentation of the creation of the world in Genesis 1. Reflection upon some of the passages provides us with insight into the biblical author’s appreciation for nature, an attitude that needs to inspire us in this age of ecological crisis. Though the biblical text is unaware of such an ecological crisis; nonetheless, passages shine forth that can speak to us in our modern age of global warming and environmental collapse.
The Influence of Daily Events on Emotion Regulation and Well-Being in Daily Life
Authors: Newman David B. , Nezlek John B.
Published: January 2021

We examined within-person relationships among daily events, emotion regulation strategies, and well-being in daily life. Each day for 2 to 3 weeks, participants in two studies (total N = 445) reported the extent to which they reappraised and suppressed their positive and negative emotions, the types of events they experienced, and their well-being. Using multilevel modeling, we found that the extent to which people reappraised positive and negative emotions and suppressed negative emotions was positively related to the number/importance of daily positive events, whereas the suppression of positive emotions was negatively related. Furthermore, the positive relationships between well-being and reappraisal of positive and negative emotions and the suppression of negative emotions were stronger as the number of negative events increased. These results demonstrate that most emotion regulation strategies are employed when the day is going well but are most beneficial for people’s well-being when the day is not going well.
A Latent Disease Model to Reduce Detection Bias in Cancer Risk Prediction Studies
Authors: Aleshin-Guendel Serge , Lange Jane , Goodman Phyllis , Weiss Noel S. , Etzioni Ruth
Published: January 2021

In studies of cancer risk, detection bias arises when risk factors are associated with screening patterns, affecting the likelihood and timing of diagnosis. To eliminate detection bias in a screened cohort, we propose modeling the latent onset of cancer and estimating the association between risk factors and onset rather than diagnosis. We apply this framework to estimate the increase in prostate cancer risk associated with black race and family history using data from the SELECT prostate cancer prevention trial, in which men were screened and biopsied according to community practices. A positive family history was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of prostate cancer onset of 1.8, lower than the corresponding HR of prostate cancer diagnosis (HR = 2.2). This result comports with a finding that men in SELECT with a family history were more likely to be biopsied following a positive PSA test than men with no family history. For black race, the HRs for onset and diagnosis were similar, consistent with similar patterns of screening and biopsy by race. If individual screening and diagnosis histories are available, latent disease modeling can be used to decouple risk of disease from risk of disease diagnosis and reduce detection bias.
Educational Attainments of Children with Adopted Siblings
Authors: Fletcher Jason , Greenberg Jan , Mailick Marsha , Song Jieun , Wolfe Barbara
Published: January 2021

Although adoption is a widespread phenomenon in the United States, little research has examined the effects on biological siblings. This article uses two representative datasets to compare educational attainments of individuals who grew up with an adopted sibling and those that did not. We find large heterogeneity (based on sex, family income, and cohort) in the outcomes of those with an adopted sibling. Brothers appear more influenced than sisters. For brothers, we find that family income moderates differential associations, where males from low-income families have lower education if they have an adopted sibling, but males from higher-income families do not. Our results have implications for our understanding of family dynamics as well as how sex shapes educational attainments of children.
Mothering and Fathering, or just Parenting: Measurement Invariance of Parental Beliefs by Gender
Authors: Crapo J. Scott , Miller Jacqueline A. , Bradford Kay , Higginbotham Brian J.
Published: January 2021

In the ongoing discussion about the possible differences between mothering and fathering, tests of measurement invariance play an important role. However, there remains a need to investigate the measurement invariance of parental beliefs by gender. Mothers ( n = 2,236) and fathers ( n = 1,106) who attended parenting education courses reported on their beliefs using both original and validated measures. Using factor analytic techniques, we estimated a series of nested models that applied parameter constraints hierarchically to assess measurement invariance between mothers and fathers for these parenting beliefs. Results indicated strict invariance for some, but not all, constructs. Namely, beliefs regarding facilitating children’s independence and beliefs regarding structure were invariant, whereas beliefs regarding connection showed levels of systematic difference between genders. Testing invariance allows researchers to shed light on which aspects of parenting are the same and which are different, and to what extent mothering and fathering can be directly compared.
Allergic contact dermatitis to a dye or alcohol in a chlorhexidine-based skin preparation: A case report
Authors: Carle Alexandra L , Martyr John W , Boddu Krishna , Archer Stephen G
Published: January 2021

This case report describes a patient who developed allergic contact dermatitis to a chlorhexidine skin preparation applied for a transversus abdominis plane block, but not to a different chlorhexidine solution applied to the surgical field. The patient had presented for an elective inguinal hernia repair. He had a known history of anaphylaxis to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication but was otherwise well. The surgery was completed uneventfully. Three or four days postoperatively, the patient developed a rash at the site where chlorhexidine skin preparation had been used to prepare the skin for the transversus abdominis plane block. The rash had well-demarcated edges and exactly matched the distribution of the previously applied skin preparation. No rash was present at the surgical site, which had been prepared with a different chlorhexidine-containing solution. The rash gradually resolved over several weeks with the application of topical corticosteroids. The patient was otherwise completely well with no evidence of infection or any other systemic illness. The skin preparations differed in the dyes and alcohols that they contained. The dyes or alcohol in the preparation for the transversus abdominis plane block were therefore considered the likely cause of this patient’s allergic reaction. Dyes and alcohols should be considered as a cause of skin allergy in the perioperative setting.
The Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Community-Based Intervention to Reduce Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults
Authors: Crombie Kevin M. , Leitzelar Brianna N. , Almassi Neda E. , Mahoney Jane E. , Koltyn Kelli F.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of translating a 4-week “Stand Up and Move More” (SUMM) intervention by state aging units to older adults ( N = 56, M age = 74 years). A randomized controlled trial assessed sedentary behavior, physical function, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) before and after the intervention. Participants included healthy community-dwelling, sedentary (sit > 6 hr/day) and aged ≥ 55 years adults. For the primary outcome, the SUMM group ( n = 31) significantly ( p < .05) reduced total sedentary time post-intervention by 68 min/day on average (Cohen’s d = −0.56) compared with no change in the wait-list control group ( n = 25, Cohen’s d = 0.12). HRQoL and function also improved ( p < .05) in the SUMM group post-intervention. Workshop facilitators indicated the intervention was easy to implement, and participants expressed high satisfaction. The SUMM intervention reduced sedentary time, improved physical function and HRQoL, and was feasible to implement in community settings.
“When I Sing, I Feel Peaceful”: Experiences of Older Choral Singers From North Korea
Authors: Heo Jinmoo , Lee Sanghee , Im Sua , Bae Jaeyoon
Published: January 2021

North Korean (NK) defectors fled their homeland and traveled thousands of miles in search of a better life. This qualitative study explored the experiences of older NK defectors who were part of a serious leisure choral group. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight NK defector members of a South Korean choir group, from which four central themes emerged: (a) conquering adversity and promoting health; (b) making good friends and having great adventures; (c) providing an arena to develop a new identity; and (d) developing proficiency through vigorous efforts. Involvement in choral singing as a serious leisure activity assisted the members in overcoming the various adversities they were facing, promoted their physical and mental health, and helped them develop comradery and new social identities.
The concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in ambient air of the gas stations in Iran: A systematic review and probabilistic health risk assessment
Authors: Soltanpour Zahra , Mohammadian Yousef , Fakhri Yadolah
Published: January 2021

Exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) has been reported in gas stations. Exposure to BTEX can result in adverse health outcomes in workers such as cancer and neurological effects. The health risk assessments of exposure to BTEX could be useful in choosing suitable control measures. In this review, data from previous studies of gas station environments in Iran were collected from years 2000 to 2020. The health risk assessments were conducted through the estimation of cancer and noncancer risks using a Monte Carlo simulation based on the US Environmental Protection Agency method. The results showed that exposure to BTEX in some cities of Iran was greater than the occupational exposure limits. The results of cancer risk assessments demonstrated that cancer risk was not increased. However, results of noncancer risk assessments demonstrated that neurological toxicity from exposure to BTEX was significant in different cities of Iran. The health risk assessments indicated that workers at gas station are at health risk.
Airborne concentrations of chrysotile asbestos during operation of industrial crane controls and maintenance of associated arc chutes
Authors: McCoy Michael J , Lewis Ryan C , Mowat Fionna S
Published: January 2021

Some industrial crane control panels were historically equipped with chrysotile-containing arc chutes. Because of the paucity of data regarding potential exposure from such equipment, we used a simulation approach to quantify the release of chrysotile from arc chutes in two functional 1970s-era industrial crane control panels during operation and maintenance. Two experienced operators separately simulated operation of crane controls under load; one of these operators then simulated two arc chute maintenance protocols: sanding (protocol 1) and scraping, sanding, and blowing (protocol 2). The original arc chutes contained approximately 36% chrysotile. Personal breathing zone (PBZ) ( n = 8) and area samples ( n = 8) were collected and analyzed using phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and transmission electron microscopy. PCM-equivalent (PCME) concentrations were derived, from which 8-h time-weighted averages (TWA) were calculated. During operation, chrysotile was identified in one of the four PBZ samples, equivalent to a PCME concentration of 0.012 f/cm3 (8-h TWA: 0.011 f/cm3). During protocols 1 and 2, chrysotile was identified in all PBZ samples ( n = 4); PCME concentrations (and corresponding 8-h TWA) were <0.013 and 0.021 f/cm3 (0.001 and 0.004 f/cm3) and 0.013 and 0.017 f/cm3 (0.003 f/cm3), respectively. Many of the airborne chrysotile fibers had matrix attached, supporting the low exposure potential during this work. These data indicate very low, if any, exposures to chrysotile asbestos during the simulated scenarios. In addition, these data could assist with refining assumptions in exposure reconstruction and inform the state-of-the science on low-level chrysotile exposure.
Migraine and Tension-Type Headache Among Children and Adolescents: Application of International Headache Society Criteria in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Genizi Jacob , Bugdnoskya Vera , Aboud Amer , Segal Idan , Assaf Nurit , Srugo Isaac , Kerem Nogah C.
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

The International Headache Society criteria were written in order to help physicians establish a headache diagnosis. However, sometimes children with headache do not seem to fit any diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to assess the application of the criteria in a clinical setting.

Methods:

Medical records of children referred for primary headache to the pediatric neurology clinic at Bnai Zion Medical Center from 2008 to 2017 were assessed.

Results:

A total of 989 patients (range 6-18 years; 53% female) were assessed at our neurology clinic. Twenty-four percent (n = 241) were diagnosed with tension-type headache, 26% (n = 256) with migraine, and 4.5% (45) with mixed headache. In 41.5% (410), we were unable to reach a specific diagnosis. No differences in gender or age were found between the groups. Children in the migraine group used more analgesic treatments to stop the headache attacks compared with the tension-type headache group (50% vs 38%, P = .001). Patients diagnosed with tension-type headache reported having more emotional difficulties ( P = .001). No significant differences were found in headache characteristics (ie, location, sidedness, character), frequency, or intensity between the younger children (ages 6-11) and the adolescents (ages 12-18) within either the tension-type headache or migraine groups.

Conclusions:

Retrospective application of International Headache Society criteria in a large cohort of children with headaches failed to diagnose a specific type of headache in 41.5% of children. Migraine and tension-type headache were equally prevalent, and both constituted a major burden on our patients’ everyday lives. We found no major differences in frequency, intensity, and characteristics of pain between younger children and adolescents.
Fashion Consumers’ Channel Switching Behavior During the COVID-19: Protection Motivation Theory in the Extended Planned Behavior Framework
Authors: Youn Song-yi , Lee Jung Eun , Ha-Brookshire Jung
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand fashion consumers’ channel switching to online stores during the COVID-19. We proposed an extended theory of planned behavior by incorporating protection motivation theory. The results showed that consumer assessments of perceived severity and altruistic fear of COVID-19 and response efficacy and self-efficacy of channel switching increased their beliefs (i.e., attitude, perceived behavior control, subjective norm) and intentions to switch shopping channels to online. We also found that the age (young vs. old) moderated the effects of response efficacy and self-efficacy on perceived behavior control, perceived severity on subjective norm, perceived behavior control on channel switching intentions, and channel switching intention on actual switching behavior. The findings provide fashion retailers and the society with a better understanding about fashion consumers’ shopping channel switching under the pandemic.
Libraries in Colombia and Covid-19: Delivery library services to the public amid limits and uncertainties
Authors: Torres Diana Patricia Restrepo
Published: January 2021

Covid-19 – or coronavirus disease forced libraries in Colombia to close the doors as well as forced them to strengthen or to create virtual and remote services. Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia (BNC) leads in Colombia the implementation of measures for the library sector during the current health crisis, providing guidelines and recommendations on how to deal with the emergency, as well as giving information resources, and alternatives on how to provide library services, to doing the paperwork, to implement the biosecurity protocols, and the definition of phases for reopening in the future. Also, BNC itself focused on the support BNC researchers throughout virtual services. This article was written during the first months of the health emergency, so that on the date of publication the situation may have changed.
A multi-proxy reconstruction of peatland development and regional vegetation changes in subarctic NE Fennoscandia (the Republic of Karelia, Russia) during the Holocene
Authors: Babeshko Kirill V , Shkurko Anna , Tsyganov Andrey N , Severova Elena E , Gałka Mariusz , Payne Richard J , Mauquoy Dmitri , Mazei Natalia G , Fatynina Yulia A , Krasnova Elena D , Saldaev Damir A , Voronov Dmitry A , Zazovskaya Elya , Mazei Yuri A
Published: January 2021

A better understanding of past long-term environmental changes in the subarctic region is crucial for mitigation of the possible negative effects of climate warming in this vulnerable region. This study provides a new multi-proxy reconstruction of regional vegetation changes and peatland development for north-eastern Fennoscandia (Russia) during most of the Holocene. To that purpose, we performed plant macrofossil, pollen, testate amoebae, peat humification, loss on ignition and radiocarbon analyses of the peat deposits from a mire around Vodoprovodnoe Lake (the Kindo Peninsula, the Republic of Karelia). Our data indicate that the peat deposits started accumulating before 9147 ± 182 cal. yr. BP. The vegetation cover in the area was mainly typical for the northern taiga zone, except for the period ~7800–5600 cal. yr. BP, when it generally resembled the middle taiga zone. The vegetation cover and peatland were greatly affected by reoccurring fires, which can be partly related to human activity. These events were associated with an increased proportion of birch in the vegetation cover (as a pioneer species) and/or water level decreases. By 600 cal. yr. BP, the peatland and the surrounding vegetation reached its current state and only minor changes had been recorded since that time. Overall, our results suggest a considerable and unexpected role of fires in the postglacial dynamics of subarctic peatlands.
Atmospheric effects in Scotland of the AD 1783–84 Laki eruption in Iceland
Authors: Dawson Alastair G , Kirkbride Martin P , Cole Harriet
Published: January 2021

Daily weather diaries and meteorological records from Scotland reveal complex weather patterns following the 1783–84 fissure eruption of the Laki volcano, Iceland. Four diarists in eastern and northern Scotland describe the near-simultaneous occurrence of discrete groups of days characterised by ‘foggy’, ‘gloomy’ and ‘hazy’ conditions during June and July 1783. The weather records suggest that an ash-rich portion of the initial plume may have arrived synchronously across eastern Scotland on June 15th, 5 days after the first eruption in Iceland, and lingered for between 5 and 7 days. Following a 3-day interval of fine weather, a sulphurous haze arrived on June 24th and persisted for the rest of the summer. As the summer progressed air pollution episodes became shorter, less frequent and more influenced by air pressure fluctuations. The effect of the eruption on Scotland’s climate is unclear although a negative air temperature anomaly of 1.5°C to 2.5°C below the decadal average occurred in September 1783 lasting for 16 days at Dalkeith and 33 days at Fochabers. The 1783–84 winter in Scotland was one of the coldest in recent centuries and was accompanied by prolonged snow and frost through the first 4 months of 1784. During this period, temperatures in eastern Scotland averaged 2.0°C to 2.6°C below the decadal average. The duration and amplitude of post-eruption negative temperature anomalies appear to have been strongly associated with synoptic air pressure and wind flow patterns and not simply related to volcanically-forced cooling. This challenges the hypothesis that the Laki eruptions were responsible for the sustained lowering of air temperatures over the three successive winters of 1783–84, 1784–85 and 1785–86.
Transformation of high-relief canyon topography by an ancient rock avalanche, Hop Valley, Zion National Park, Utah, USA
Authors: Stanczyk Anna , Moore Jeffrey R , Steinemann Olivia , Quirk Brendon J , Christl Marcus , Ivy-Ochs Susan
Published: January 2021

Zion National Park preserves a rich geological record of Holocene landslide-dammed canyons in its deeply incised topography, with 11 hypothesized valley-blocking deposits within the park boundaries. Despite consistent stratigraphic, tectonic, and climatic settings, the occurrence of and subsequent landscape response to these natural dams varies. As such, the region provides a unique natural laboratory for quantifying the effect and evolution of landslide dams in high-relief canyon topography. Here we present a detailed study of a rock avalanche deposited at the mouth of Hop Valley in Zion National Park, describing its age, size, emplacement conditions, impact on local geomorphology and sedimentology, as well as the subsequent usage of the valley by native Ancestral Puebloans. Topographic reconstructions indicate the original deposit was ~75 million m3 and 1.5 km long with a maximum thickness of 180 m. New ages from cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure dating indicate a single-event failure at 6.7 ± 0.7 ka. The rock avalanche impounded ~55 million m3 of sediment, transforming Hop Valley from a relatively narrow gorge to a broad flat-floored canyon. Stratigraphic sections of accumulated upvalley sediments, calculated sedimentation rates (averaging 8.2 ± 0.8 m/ky), and paleoclimate records suggest the deposit primarily dammed sediment, rather than water, to produce an extensive alluvial plain. This detailed case-history analysis, together with our review of other Holocene landslide dams in Zion National Park, helps clarify the legacy of valley-blocking mass movements in steep canyon topography.