bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Physical Activity Assessment During U.S. Army Basic Combat Training
Authors: Alemany Joseph A. , Pierce Joseph R. , Bornstein Daniel B. , Grier Tyson L. , Jones Bruce H. , Glover Saundra H.
Published: August 2021

Alemany, JA, Pierce, JR, Bornstein, DB, Grier, TL, Jones, BH, and Glover, SH. Comprehensive physical activity assessment during U.S. Army Basic Combat Training. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3505–3512, 2022—Physical activity (PA) volume, intensity, and qualitative contextual information regarding activity type and loads carried are limited during U.S. Army Basic Combat Training (BCT). The purpose of this study was to characterize daily (05:00–20:00 hours) PA during BCT using a comprehensive approach. During 2 10-week BCT cycles (n = 40 trainees per cycle), pedometers, accelerometers, and direct observation were used to estimate daily step count, PA volume, and intensity. Physical activity intensity was categorized by metabolic equivalents (METs) such as “sedentary” (1–2 METs), “light” (2–3 METs), “moderate” (3–6 METs), or “vigorous” (≥6 METs). Daily PA data were analyzed longitudinally using linear mixed models, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. The mean daily step count was 13,459 ± 4,376 steps, and the mean daily accelerometer-assessed PA volume and intensity were as follows: sedentary: 505 ± 98 minutes, light: 190 ± 78 minutes, moderate: 168 ± 51 minutes, and vigorous: 14 ± 14 minutes, with no differences between cycles for all measures (p > 0.50). Cumulative time on feet (∼50%) and sitting (20–25%) accounted for most daily activity types during both cycles. Trainees, on average, carried between 3 and 9 kg, and ≥9 kg, for 60% and 10% of the monitored day, respectively. Basic Combat Training's physical demands are high, where trainees achieved 1.7 to 2.7 times greater daily ambulation and 6 times the recommended weekly moderate-to-vigorous PA compared with civilian counterparts and performed weight-bearing load carriage for nearly half of the day. Basic Combat Training-associated PA may increase injury risk among trainees unaccustomed to arduous PA and exercise. Implementing national PA policies to improve physical fitness and facilitate acclimatization to BCT's high physical demands could reduce public health burdens and military nonreadiness.
Exploration of the Research-Based “New Basic Education” Experiment by Lan Ye
Authors: Meng Weijie , Ning Fengqi
Published: August 2021

“New Basic Education” as a localized strategy in China was produced during the social transformation. It aims to stimulate the internal development motivation of schools, principals, and teachers and promote the upgrading and transformation of classrooms and schools. To get through theory and practice connection, taking root in schools, doing “ground-based” research, and exploring a new path for the ecological growth of regional school groups. Starting from the background of the “new basic education” research, this paper elaborates the content, history, ideological system, and influence. It hopes to provide a more comprehensive and objective overview of the “new basic education” research to inspire most educators. Help everyone explore the practical way to improve the quality of education.
Preparation of xanthan gum-based composite hydrogels with aligned porous structure
Authors: Cheng Heli , Zhang Xu , Xu Jiawei , Liu Sicheng
Published: August 2021

Aligned hydrogels have received increasing attention in tissue engineering and electrochemical fields due to their favorable structure. In this work, xanthan gum-based hydrogels (XGH) with aligned pores were prepared via photoinitiated free radical irradiation that used sodium acetate crystals as template. The microstructure, compressive strength, porosity, and absorption capacity of the hydrogel were studied and compared with the non-aligned hydrogels. Scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed the aligned porous structure of the hydrogel. The maximum compressive strength for the aligned hydrogel prepared with 12% acrylamide and 1.5% xanthan gum reached 0.439 MPa at a strain of 95%. Furthermore, aligned XGH exhibited better flexibility than non-aligned hydrogels, as indicated by the Young’s compressive modulus. The porosity of the aligned hydrogels ranged from 94.9% to 88.8% as the acrylamide concentration increased from 12% to 20%. Simulated body fluid absorption showed that hydrogels with aligned pores could attain absorption equilibrium within 5 min, and the maximum absorption capacity reached 33.6 g/g for the sample made with 0.5% xanthan gum and 12% acrylamide. In addition, exhibited preferable biocompatibility, as demonstrated by the cytotoxicity test.
Updates on the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Pediatric Tumors of the Central Nervous System - a systematic review
Authors: Cosnarovici Maria Margareta , Cosnarovici Rodica Voichița , Piciu Doina
Published: August 2021

Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) represent the main cause of death through solid tumors in children and the second most frequent neoplasm in this patient group. The poor survival rate is due to many factors, such as the large diversity of morphological features, the particular micro-environmental characteristics of the nervous tissue, the relative rareness in relation to other childhood diseases, which leads to late diagnosis and the limited effectiveness of the available treatment options. Up until 2016, brain tumors were classified according to their histologic features. The new 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of CNS tumors incorporates molecular features, alongside the immunohistology, in order to provide a more accurate understanding of the disease. The treatment consists of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. We decided to review the literature on this pathology, in order to show the importance of the recent discoveries in this field.
Radiographic evaluation of non-syndromic third molar agenesis in two Mediterranean populations
Authors: Reda Bachar , Fantin Federica , Berro Khetam , Noujeim Ziad , El-Outa Abbass
Published: August 2021

Background and aims. Third molar agenesis is a common finding across the world. Many studies have assessed third molar agenesis in different ethnicities and populations. However, there are no such studies in the Italian and Lebanese populations. Our study aims to evaluate the prevalence of third molar agenesis and study the pattern and distribution of agenesis in between genders in Italian and Lebanese Mediterranean populations and compare these findings with other global and Mediterranean populations’ studies.

Methods. Retrospective chart review was conducted based on the history and orthopantomograms of adolescents aged 12 to 21 years to assess the agenesis of third molars in a sample of Italian and Lebanese populations by two experienced dental surgeons twice within 1 month. Descriptive and comparative tests were used to analyze the patterns of ageneses and make comparisons between the two samples.

Results. 23.4% of the studied sample had at least one third molar agenesis; females were more likely to have two or more third molar agenesis than males, but neither sex predisposition for single third-molar agenesis was recorded. Both the Italian and Lebanese subgroups seemed to have similar results. The maxillary right third molar was the most common third molar to be absent. Two or more ageneses were more common than one third molar agenesis.

Conclusion. Our Mediterranean population results fall within the range reported in the literature and corroborate with the global average prevalence.
The impact of diabetes mellitus on the anti-tuberculous treatment outcome: a series of cases from the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Lesnic Evelina , Malic Alina , Tafuni Ovidiu
Published: August 2021

Background and aims. The Republic of Moldova ranks among the European Region countries with the highest global incidence of tuberculosis. Almost 5% of the cases with pulmonary TB had been diagnosed with DM in 2017. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diabetes mellitus on the anti-tuberculosis treatment effectiveness for the improvement of the disease outcome.

Methods. A retrospective, longitudinal and case-control study, which included a total number of 252 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and distributed into a study group of 93 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and a control group of 159 patients without glycemic disorders was performed. The statistical analysis was performed using EpiInfo software. The statistical analysis of the differences between normally distributed continuous variables was tested with the Student T-test.

Results. Based on the collected data we established that the majority of the patients with glycemic disorders were diagnosed with the type 2 diabetes, associated with hyperglycemia and in half of them complications of diabetes were revealed. The age older 55 years and the low economical state were common characteristics of the diabetic patients. Tuberculosis was detected in every second diabetic patient through the radiological screening compared with the passive detection of most of the non-diabetic patients. The anti-tuberculosis treatment outcome was endangered by a higher rate of the adverse drug events in patients with diabetes, which contributed to death in 15%, lost to follow-up 7%, and therapeutic failure in 6%.

Conclusions. The anti-tuberculous treatment outcome in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus was significantly diminished by glycemic disorders, history of the previous anti-tuberculous treatment and adverse drug reactions. Individualized therapeutic approach to tuberculosis could improve the treatment effectiveness.
Volumetric data of normal nucleus accumbens from magnetic resonance imaging scans
Authors: Birbilis Theodosios , Siozopoulos Achilleas , Fiska Aliki , Deftereos Savas , Kaldoudi Eleni , Karagiannis Vassilios , Thomaidis Vassilios
Published: August 2021

Backgrounds and aims. The nucleus accumbens (AcN) belongs to the ventral striatum and it is involved in several neuropsychiatric disorders. In contrast to other subcortical structures, the number of morphometric studies that concern the healthy nucleus is limited. This study aims to investigate the normal volumetric data of the AcN as derived from a large number of manually segmented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Methods. The measurements were performed in 106 MRI scans of healthy adults. The resulting volumes have been analyzed for differences related to hemisphere, sex and age.

Results. The mean AcN volume was estimated at 473.3 mm3 (SD=±106.8). A slight interhemispheric difference in favor of the left side was found, the value of which was, however, within the limits of the method error. There were no sexual dimorphism signs concerning both the raw and the normalized volumes. A negative correlation between volumes and age was observed only in males.

Conclusions. The study provides normal volumetric data of the AcN, useful in the conduct of comparative imaging and post-mortem studies in pathological conditions
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN AND EPICATECHIN ON THE VITALITY OF ROOSTER SPERMATOZOA
Authors: Benko Filip , Ďuračka Michal , Kováč Ján , Lukáč Norbert , Tvrdá Eva
Published: August 2021

The objective of our study was to assess the effects of two selected antioxidants (curcumin - CUR and epicatechin - EPI) on the vitality of rooster spermatozoa. We used semen samples from 10 sexually mature Lohmann light roosters, which were collected from a local farm, diluted in PBS and cultured with different concentrations of CUR and EPI (1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µmol/L). Motility, membrane and acrosome integrity were analysed after 0, 2 and 24 h of in vitro culture. Sperm motility was evaluated by the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The membrane integrity was determined by a combination of eosin/nigrosin dyes, and the acrosome integrity was detected by fast green/rose bengal dyes. The data were statistically evaluated using One-way ANOVA and the Dunnet’s test. The results indicate that after 0 h of cultivation all selected parameters stay unchanged. After 2 h significant differences (P<0.0001) were observed in case of the motility and membrane integrity. Following 24 h a significant (P<0.0001) preservation of motility was recorded. The level of membrane damage and acrosome integrity was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Based on our results we may conclude that protective effects of CUR and EPI on the vitality of rooster spermatozoa were observed already after 2 h. This impact was even more dominant after 24 h. CUR showed better effects at lower concentrations (1, 5, and 10 µmol/L) while EPI at higher doses (25 and 50 µmol/L). Our findings could contribute to the potential application of these antioxidants in avian reproduction technologies.
USE OF BRAZIL NUT KERNELS IN STUFFED MEAT TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Lukin Aleksandr , Naumova Natalya , Betz Julia
Published: August 2021

The results of the use of Brazil nut kernels in the technology of stuffed meat products are presented. The composition and physicochemical parameters of plant and meat raw materials have been tested. It has been determined that the content of lipids and mineral elements in the kernels of the nut exceeds their amounts established in chilled legs of broiler chickens. The addition of plant material at a dosage of 10% improves the taste and aroma properties and increases the content of Ca (2.2 times), Se (2 times), Fe (1.7 times), Mg (1.6 times), P and Zn (by 26%) in the finished product against the background of a decrease in the amount of butter according to the recipe by 8%. The use of Brazil nuts also introduces microelements (Cu, Mn, Mo, Ag, Au, Co) and dietary fiber into the meat product.
CHARACTERIZATION OF YEASTS ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AS PROBIOTICS
Authors: Arumugam Nandakumar , Govindharaj Dhivyadharshini
Published: August 2021

Probiotics are living microorganisms which are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut. These microorganisms can be taken as dietary supplements or as food products provides positive effect to the host. In the present study, soil, milk and curd samples were used as source for the isolation of probiotic yeast. The isolates were checked for the probiotic properties such as antimicrobical production, pH & temperature tolerance, NaCl tolerance, cell adhesion, bile tolerance and cholesterol removal. Initially, twelve yeasts were isolated from each of the three different sources and characterization tests were performed. Among the 12 isolates, M1 showed maximum activity in all characterization tests and the conditions optimized are temperature (350C), pH (3 & 7) and salt tolerance (5% of NaCl) for the growth of the probiotics. It can be used as a major food supplements and also with high nutritive value for human.
Does Timing Matter?: Timing and Outcomes Among Early Unplanned PICU Transfers
Authors: Nadeau Nicole , Monuteaux Michael C. , Tripathi Jaya , Stack Anne M. , Perron Catherine , Neuman Mark I.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Many institutions track early ICU transfers (transfer from an inpatient floor to an ICU within 24 hours of admission) as a marker of quality of emergency department (ED) care. There are limited data evaluating whether patient characteristics or clinical outcomes differ on the basis of timing of ICU transfer within this 24-hour window.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining all patients ≤21 years old admitted to an inpatient pediatric floor from the ED and subsequently transferred to an ICU within 24 hours of hospitalization. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared on the basis of timing (0–6 hours, 6–12 hours, 12–24 hours) of ICU transfer. Outcomes assessed included receipt of critical intervention, timing of intervention with respect to transfer, type of intervention received, hospital and ICU length of stay, and mortality at 72 hours and during hospitalization.

RESULTS

A total of 841 patients were transferred to an ICU within 24 hours from admission to a pediatric ward from the ED; 266 patients (32%) transferred within 6 hours of admission, 269 patients (32%) transferred between 6 and 12 hours, and 306 patients (36%) transferred between 12 and 24 hours. Patient characteristics did not materially differ on the basis of timing of ICU transfer, nor did clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Among children transferred to an ICU within 24 hours of hospitalization, patient characteristics and clinical outcomes did not materially differ based on the timing of transfer relative to admission from the ED.
Acute Kidney Injury Among Children Admitted With Viral Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Gardner Hannah M. , Askenazi David J. , Hoefert Jennifer A. , Helton Alexis , Wu Chang L.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Infectious etiologies cause a large portion of pediatric rhabdomyolysis. Among pediatric patients with rhabdomyolysis, it is unknown who will develop acute kidney injury (AKI). We sought to test the hypothesis that a viral etiology would be associated with less AKI in children admitted with rhabdomyolysis than a nonviral etiology.

METHODS

In this single-center retrospective cohort study, patients <21 years of age admitted with acute rhabdomyolysis from May 1, 2010, through December 31, 2018, were studied. The primary outcome was development of AKI, defined by using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. The primary predictor was identification of viral infection by laboratory testing or clinical diagnosis. Covariates included age, sex, race, insurance provider, presence of proteinuria and myoglobinuria, and initial creatinine kinase and serum urea nitrogen. Routine statistics and multivariable logistic modeling were performed via SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC).

RESULTS

In total, 319 pediatric patients with rhabdomyolysis were studied. The median age was 13 years. Patients were predominately male (69.9%), non-Hispanic Black (55.2%), and publicly insured (45.1%). We found no difference in the rates of AKI in those with a viral diagnosis versus those without a viral diagnosis (30 of 77 [39.0%] vs 111 of 234 [47.4%]; P = .19). Multivariable analysis revealed that viral diagnosis was not associated with the development of AKI. Patients ≥13 years of age, male patients, and those with proteinuria and elevated serum urea nitrogen on admission had increased odds of developing AKI.

CONCLUSIONS

In our study, viral rhabdomyolysis did not have lower rates of AKI compared with nonviral etiologies of AKI; therefore, providers should consider continued caution in these patients.
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and Maternal Opioid-Related Diagnoses: Analysis of ICD-10-CM Transition, 2013–2017
Authors: Ko Jean Y. , Hirai Ashley H. , Owens Pamela L. , Stocks Carol , Patrick Stephen W.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Hospital discharge records remain a common data source for tracking the opioid crisis among pregnant women and infants. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) transition from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification may have affected surveillance. Our aim was to evaluate this transition on rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), maternal opioid use disorder (OUD), and opioid-related diagnoses (OUD with ICD-10-CM codes for long-term use of opioid analgesics and unspecified opioid use).

METHODS

Data from the 2013–2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample were used to conduct, interrupted time series analysis and log-binomial segmented regression to assess whether quarterly rates differed across the transition.

RESULTS

From 2013 to 2017, an estimated 18.8 million birth and delivery hospitalizations were represented. The ICD-10-CM transition was not associated with NAS rates (rate ratio [RR]: 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–1.08; P = .79) but was associated with 11% lower OUD rates (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.80–0.98; P = .02) and a decrease in the quarterly trend (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–1.00; P = .04). The transition was not associated with maternal OUD plus long-term use rates (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.89–1.09; P = .76) but was associated with a 20% overall increase in opioid-related diagnosis rates including long-term and unspecified use (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.09–1.32; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

The ICD-10-CM transition did not appear to affect NAS. However, coding of maternal OUD alone may not capture the same population across the transition, which confounds the interpretation of trend data spanning this time period.
Pandemic-Related Shifts in New Patients Admitted to Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Clark Nicholas A. , Rodean Jonathan , Mestre Marcos , Rangarajan Hemalatha G. , Samuels-Kalow Margaret , Satwani Prakash , Stanek Joseph R. , Wolfe Ian D. , Michelson Kenneth A.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, professional organizations recommended preferential transfer of pediatric patients from general hospitals to children’s hospitals. Patients previously receiving all care at other facilities would be new to children’s hospitals. As a proxy for care consolidation, we sought to describe changes in new patient encounters at children’s hospitals and test associations between local severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incidences and new patient encounters.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included patients aged 6 months to 18 years admitted to children’s hospitals from March 15, 2019, to June 30, 2019 (control) and 2020 (pandemic period). Primary outcome was odds ratio of being a new versus established patient by study period. Generalized linear models estimated odds of being a new patient with adjustment for diagnosis. Analyses were also stratified by local SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

RESULTS

There were 205 283 encounters (45.3% new patients). New patients were more common in the pandemic period than in the control (46.4 vs 44.7%, OR 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 1.09). After adjusting for diagnosis, pandemic new patients were no more common than control new patients (adjusted odds ratio 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.02). Compared with hospitals experiencing low local SARS-CoV-2 transmission, admission encounters at both medium and high transmission hospitals were more likely to be new (adjusted odds ratio 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.14 and 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.15, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

During the early coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, proportional increases in new patients to children’s hospitals appeared to be due to changes in diagnoses but were also associated with local SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Pediatric care consolidation may have occurred; how this may have impacted outcomes for hospitalized children is unclear.
Characteristics of Hospitalized Children Positive for SARS-CoV-2: Experience of a Large Center
Authors: Webb Nicole E. , Osburn T. Shea
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

Define the spectrum of disease in pediatric inpatients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result in a manner relevant to pediatric hospital medicine.

METHODS

Retrospective case series of all patients aged <22 years hospitalized at our institution with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction test result between May 1, 2020, and September 30, 2020. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

Three distinct presentations were associated with acute SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Patients had incidental infection (40%), were potentially symptomatic (47%), or were significantly symptomatic (14%). The average length of stay differed between the significantly symptomatic group and the incidental and potentially symptomatic groups (P =.002). Average age differed among these groups, with significantly symptomatic patients older by >2 years. Fifty-five percent of incidental and 47% of potentially symptomatic patients had at least 1 identified comorbidity, whereas 90% of significantly symptomatic patients had at least 1 (P = .01). There was a significant relationship between obesity (P = .001) and asthma (P = .004) and severe disease. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between groups with respect to fever, hypoxia, supplemental oxygen use, duration of supplemental oxygen, and ICU admission, with a significantly higher percentage of patients in the significantly symptomatic group meeting each of these criteria (P < .001 for all categories).

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 fall into distinct categories, which are critical to understanding the true pathology of SARS-Cov-2 as it relates to hospitalized pediatric patients. Most hospitalized patients who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have a reason for hospitalization other than coronavirus disease 2019.
Trends in Adolescent Online and Offline Victimization and Suicide Risk Factors
Authors: Kreski Noah T. , Chen Qixuan , Olfson Mark , Cerdá Magdalena , Hasin Deborah , Martins Silvia S. , Mauro Pia M. , Keyes Katherine M.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE

Suicidal ideation and plans are increasing among US adolescents. Changing prevalence of online victimization is frequently hypothesized as an explanation for this increase. We tested trends in online and offline victimization and whether they contribute to recent trends in adolescent suicidal outcomes.

METHODS

Youth Risk Behavior Survey data (2011–2019, N = 73 074) were collected biennially through national cross-sectional surveys of US school-attending adolescents. We examined trends in past-year victimization. We also examined whether the relationship between victimization and past-year suicidal ideation, plans, attempts, and injury changed over time using survey-weighted logistic regressions that adjusted for sex and race and ethnicity. We also sex-stratified results to examine sex differences.

RESULTS

Although suicidal ideation and plans increased among US adolescents (mainly girls), online and offline victimization prevalence did not increase over time (offline: 20.0% in 2011, 19.5% in 2019; online: 16.2% in 2011, 15.7% in 2019). Online and offline victimization were associated with suicidal outcomes, especially co-occurring online and offline victimization (eg, adjusted odds ratio [co-occurring online and offline victimization versus none, outcome: suicidal injury] = 8.37; 95% confidence interval: 7.06–9.91). The magnitude of the associations between victimization and suicidal outcomes largely remained stable over time.

CONCLUSION

Peer victimization prevalence has not sufficiently changed over time in concert with suicidal outcomes to explain increased suicidal outcomes. The prevalence of victimization has remained relatively invariant across time despite growing awareness and programming, making online and offline victimization consistent, socially-patterned risk factors that warrant further monitoring and interventions. Research must examine risk factors beyond victimization to explain increasing suicidal outcomes.
Las fallas en los engranajes
Authors: Benitez Hernández Luis Eduardo
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se presenta un resumen de la forma en que trabajan los engranajes de evolvente haciendo énfasis en las características de la rodadura y el deslizamiento que se suceden a través del engrane y su influencia en las fallas de los dientes. Se analizan las principales formas de falla, sus causas y la forma en que pueden ser evitadas. Este artículo es extractado del trabajo: Funcionamiento y análisis de fallas de los engranajes que fue presentado en las “Terceras Jornadas Nacionales sobre Mantenimiento” organizadas por ACIEM — Cundinamarca y obtuvo el segundo premio MVA a la Ingeniería de Mantenimiento.
Coeficientes de potencia en molinos Savonius
Authors: Rodríguez Devis Julio Mario
Published: August 2021

La mayoría de los trabajos en los Molinos de Viento tipo savonius se han realizado experimentalmente por la dificultad de encontrar una expresión teórica que relacione la máxima eficiencia con las características del modelo.
Todos los trabajos tienden a encontrar una forma de los rotores que mejoren su eficiencia o coeficiente de potencia. Como consecuencia de la aparición de un artículo en la revista ETA (6) en la cual los autores obtienen un Cpmax = 0,42, se hace un resumen de los Cpmax encontrados internacionalmente, de las características de dichos rotores y algunas observaciones pertinentes.
La fundamentación socio-cultural en el plan de estudios de Ingeniería Eléctrica
Authors: Olarte Caro Luis Alberto
Published: August 2021

Como un avance del trabajo desarrollado por el Comité Asesor de Carrera, se presenta esta propuesta, que recoge en su mayoría los planteamientos expuestos por sus integrantes, si bien la síntesis reflejada en el artículo, es de responsabilidad única del autor.
Carga crítica en cimientos superficiales continuos
Authors: González García Álvaro J.
Published: August 2021

Se presenta un método para evaluar la carga crítica en cimientos superficiales continuos. Se denomina carga crítica (q crit) de un cimiento la carga máxima que es posible aplicar a este sin exceder en ningún punto bajo el cimiento la resistencia del suelo de fundación. La carga última (q ult), por otro lado, es la carga máxima aplicable al cimiento antes de que se presente flujo plástico total del suelo. La relación entre carga última y carga crítica seria el factor de seguridad mínimo utilizable para no inducir fallas puntuales, que pueden llevar a colapso total por medio de falla progresiva en el caso de suelos frágiles, metaestables, etc.
El enfoque sistémico: aplicación al subsector de agua potable y alcantarillado (A.P.A.)
Authors: Triviño M. Jorge E.
Published: August 2021

Al presentar en este documento una síntesis de los principios básicos del análisis de sistemas y su aplicación al sector de agua potable y saneamiento, se desea contribuir en forma práctica a la divulgación y aplicación de una ciencia relativamente joven que permite mejorar cada vez más las organizaciones y su administración, sin causar traumatismos ni ocasionar resistencias al cambio deseado, en beneficio de la salud del hombre.
Algunos estudios estadísticos útiles en hidrología
Authors: González M. Carlos A.
Published: August 2021

Son brevemente señalados algunos de los problemas asociados con la determinación de la distribución para modelar caudales máximos, entre ellos se señalan: Los límites de los estadísticos, el sesgo de éstos, así como la condición de separación
Methodological Assessment Tools of Spatial Interactions
Authors: Patrakova Svetlana
Published: August 2021

At present, the effective and rational use of the spatial factor is one of the conditions for economic growth and development of territories. The article is devoted to the assessment of spatial interactions and systematization of the existing methodological tools for this purpose. In the course of the study, it is determined that spatial interactions are a process of movement between the “source” and the “receiver” of various objects (goods, people, transport, information, etc.). The conditions for the emergence and development of interactions in the economic space are highlighted. Based on foreign and domestic works on the problems of the research, two groups of methods for assessing spatial interactions (heuristic and economic-mathematical) are identified and characterized. The basic directions and mandatory stages of spatial interaction assessment, despite the chosen tools, are highlighted. It is determined that the coordinated use of modern tools of spatial econometrics, coupled with heuristic methods, will contribute to obtaining the most adequate and objective results. The results obtained contribute to the development of ideas about the spatial economy and can be used in the implementation of government policies in the field of spatial and regional development, as well as by researchers and other stakeholders in the assessment of spatial interactions. In the next stages of the work, it is planned to analyze the spatial interactions of Russian regions using the tools of modern spatial econometrics.
Development Prospects of the Foreign Trade Coercion System in the Russian Federation
Authors: Novikov Maxim , Zemlyanskaya Stella
Published: August 2021

The article examines the problems and directions of improving the foreign trade coercion system in the Russian Federation. Current realities of the international economic relations development are characterized by the active use of foreign trade coercion measures. In the conditions of international economic integration they serve as one of the most effective means of influence, in connection with which we can state the steady spread of tools of foreign trade coercion, which, along with wide attention of international organizations and the public to this problem, determines the relevance of the study. The improvement of the current foreign trade coercion system should be carried out through the active participation of the Russian Federation in the activities of the UN and, in particular, in promotion of two main directions. The first one is designed to solve the problem of collateral damage by creating a unified list of products for which bans may be imposed, and mechanisms for monitoring their use, which, as a result, make it possible to humanize the use of foreign trade coercive measures. The second direction is designed to address the illegal misuse of restrictive measures. This can be done by developing a system for assessing the legitimacy of their use by third countries, as well as by unifying the implementation of UN sanctions regimes, including the adoption of norms on the responsibilities for their violation. The implementation of the presented directions will increase the efficiency of the foreign trade enforcement measures system, and provide an opportunity to defend the legitimate rights and interests of Russian entities, which, given the current trends in the development of international economic relations, will strengthen the position of the Russian Federation on the global stage.
Mechanisms for Ensuring the Economic Security of Depressed Regions
Authors: Oborin Matvey
Published: August 2021

The strategic policy of the Russian Federation is structured in such a way that the priority task is to preserve and support economic security, create optimal conditions for the development of socio-economic cooperation and sustainable sectoral development in accordance with the norms of the federal state. Regional economic systems are characterized by a unique combination of economic, social, informational, environmental and other mandatory components; the presence of many different connections; circulation of large flows of financial, material and informational resources, representing in their entirety the socio-economic potential of the region. In order to make better use of all these resources, each region separately must operate on the principles that determine stability and security. The article considers the implementation of targeted programs in depressed regions as one of the ways to reduce the lag in the level of socio-economic development. The article analyzes the experience of implementing federal programs in the Republic of Dagestan as a depressed region of Russia, as well as the tasks that were solved with the help of these regional policy instruments. The author’s view on the strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of a number of federal targeted programs in the region is presented. The aim of the work is to find new forms of interaction between government, business and society for the transition of depressed regions to a new economic level.
L-asparaginase: New about Well-Known Drug
Authors: Korkina Yuliya S. , Valiev Timur T.
Published: August 2021

The history of asparaginase clinical use is inextricably linked to the improvement of treatment programs for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Asparaginase, obtained from E. coli, has become the crucial part in the protocols for the treatment of ALL in children and adults since the 1960s-1970s due to its antitumor effect on lymphoid leukemia cells. Despite the evolution of therapeutic approaches in ALL management, changes in used chemotherapeutic agents, their administration regimens and doses, the asparaginase remains one of the leading therapeutic agents in ALL patients. With time ideas about the asparaginase mechanisms have expanded, new data have been accumulated on adverse effects (allergic reactions, thrombotic complications, pancreatitis, hepatic dysfunction, etc.). The asparaginase obtained from Erwinia chrysanthemi and PEGylated forms of the drug were used to reduce the frequency of any of such adverse effects. This literature review provides current concepts on the mechanism of L-asparaginase dosage forms action, describes side effects associated with the use of this medication. We also present our own clinical case of L-asparaginase (obtained from Erwinia chrysanthemi) administration in ALL patient with allergic reaction to PEG-L-asparaginase.
ON CHROMATIC UNIQUENESS OF SOME COMPLETE TRIPARTITE GRAPHS
Authors: Gein Pavel A.
Published: August 2021

Let \(P(G, x)\) be a chromatic polynomial of a graph \(G\). Two graphs \(G\) and \(H\) are called chromatically equivalent iff \(P(G, x) = H(G, x)\). A graph \(G\) is called chromatically unique if \(G\simeq H\) for every \(H\) chromatically equivalent to \(G\). In this paper, the chromatic uniqueness of complete tripartite graphs \(K(n_1, n_2, n_3)\) is proved for \(n_1 \geqslant n_2 \geqslant n_3 \geqslant 2\) and \(n_1 - n_3 \leqslant 5\).
AN ANALOGY OF HAHN–BANACH SEPARATION THEOREM FOR NEARLY TOPOLOGICAL LINEAR SPACES
Authors: Ram Madhu
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we introduce the notion of nearly topological linear spaces and use it to formulate an alternative definition of the Hahn–Banach separation theorem. We also give an example of a topological linear space to which the result is not valid. It is shown that \(\mathbb{R}\) with its ordinary topology is not a nearly topological linear space.
Desempenho dos serviços de saúde do SUS de uma macrorregião do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Parente Alaine Santos , Santana Arianny Soares Ramos de , Oliveira Sydia Rosana de Araujo
Published: August 2021

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho dos serviços de saúde de uma macrorregião do estado de Pernambuco. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando dados do Projeto de Avaliação do Desempenho do Sistema de Saúde nas dimensões efetividade, acesso, adequação e aceitabilidade. O período de análise foi de 2008 a 2017. O julgamento foi realizado a partir da tendência esperada dos indicadores. Classificou-se o desempenho em: excelente (=75%), satisfatório (50%-74,9%), insatisfatório (49%-25%) e crítico (<25%). O desempenho foi insatisfatório nas dimensões efetividade (41,7%) e acesso (46%), e excelente nas dimensões adequação (76,2%) e aceitabilidade (100%). Entre os indicadores que contribuíram para o baixo desempenho nas primeiras dimensões, destacam-se: internações por pneumonia, incidência da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, sífilis congênita, vacinação em crianças menores de um ano com tetravalente/pentavalente e procedimentos de alta complexidade. A classificação final revelou resultado satisfatório (52,4%) na Macrorregião de Saúde. Diante dos resultados, torna-se necessária a observação individual dos indicadores, visando ao planejamento de ações que promovam uma melhora nesse panorama. Esta pesquisa contribuiu para uma ampliação da avaliação de desempenho, divulgando a potencialidade do Projeto de Avaliação do Desempenho do Sistema de Saúde para o monitoramento e a análise do sistema de saúde.
Coordenação do cuidado no Consultório na Rua no município do Rio de Janeiro: romper barreiras e construir redes
Authors: Santos Amanda Rodrigues dos , Almeida Patty Fidelis de
Published: August 2021

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo foi caracterizar arranjos e ações de coordenação do cuidado desenvolvidos pelo Consultório na Rua (CnaR). Foi realizado estudo qualitativo a partir de observação participante e entrevistas com profissionais do CnaR e serviços de referência em um município de grande porte. A coordenação do cuidado foi analisada nas dimensões horizontal e vertical. Os resultados mostram que a coordenação horizontal é fortalecida pelo acolhimento, pela presença e insistência da equipe em estar nas ruas, em reunir-se formal e informalmente, pela plasticidade da agenda e pelos diversos agenciamentos para garantia da estada dos usuários em outros espaços dentro e fora do setor saúde. O desenvolvimento de ações intersetoriais enfrenta diferentes concepções das políticas e do direito à saúde entre os órgãos governamentais. A coordenação entre níveis é ainda mais frágil pela fragmentação dos serviços, ausência de comunicação profissional, exigência de documentos, desresponsabilização dos demais serviços e precariedade dos vínculos laborais que impediam a tessitura de relações duradouras na rede. Iniciativas de coordenação do cuidado pelo CnaR reafirmam seu papel estratégico na composição de redes, negociações, tensões e desconfortos que pode provocar ao reconduzir, ainda que de forma parcial, excluídos ao campo da cidadania e do direito à saúde.
Elaboração e validação de um instrumento para mensurar Autopercepção de Saúde em adultos
Authors: Mattos Samuel , Moreira Thereza , Florêncio Raquel , Cestari Virna
Published: August 2021

RESUMO Elaborar um instrumento para mensurar a Autopercepção de Saúde (APS) em adultos e sua validação por especialistas. Estudo metodológico composto de duas fases: a primeira foi a elaboração do instrumento, a partir de revisão da literatura; a segunda, de validação de conteúdo, mediante a avaliação do instrumento por nove especialistas, profissionais da saúde. Para análise, calculou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC=0,78), o teste binomial (p>0,05) e o coeficiente Kappa (=0,61). Inicialmente, o instrumento foi composto por 25 itens, dispostos em três dimensões. Um item foi eliminado (IVC=0,56) e três perguntas foram adicionadas por sugestão dos especialistas. Ao final, o instrumento foi organizado em 26 itens divididos em três dimensões. O IVC total do instrumento foi de 0,84 e Kappa igual a 0,83. O instrumento apresentou IVC satisfatório e apto para análise semântica e posterior validação externa.
Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra: uma proposta de avaliação
Authors: Silva Tarcisio Oliveira , Araújo Edna Maria de , Freitas Kátia Santana , Silva Silvone Santa Bárbara da
Published: August 2021

RESUMO Objetiva validar um plano de indicadores para a avaliação da implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra nos municípios brasileiros. O estudo empregou procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos para o alcance da validade de conteúdo, por meio da aplicação da taxa de concordância e do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Participaram do estudo especialistas das áreas de saúde da população negra e avaliação em saúde. Dos 36 indicadores, na avaliação de concordância, 35 alcançaram o ponto de corte e 32 alcançaram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo superior a 0,80. Na análise geral desse índice, o plano de indicadores obteve 0,86 como pontuação, considerado como válido em seu conteúdo por ter superado o ponto de corte estabelecido (0,80). Conclui-se que o plano de indicadores ora apresentado possui a concordância, a pertinência e a clareza necessárias para a sua utilização nos municípios brasileiros, contudo, se faz necessária a continuidade de seu aperfeiçoamento nas fases subsequentes à sua validação.
Pra nem morta ser calada: arte afro-brasileira como fortalecimento identitário entre estudantes de medicina
Authors: Moreira Marina
Published: August 2021

RESUMO Assolada pela violência e pela discriminação racial, a população negra integra os piores índices de vulnerabilidade à violência e indicadores de saúde. A Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra reconhece o racismo enquanto central na produção de iniquidades, mas não é capaz de superar a influência das teorias eugênicas no campo de saúde. Embora sejam parte expressiva dos profissionais da saúde, mulheres negras continuam encarando a inexpressiva produção de conhecimento sobre sua própria saúde. Questionando essa realidade excludente, este relato de experiência teve o objetivo de explorar a utilização da técnica de estêncil como instrumento de resistência para construção identitária e demarcação de território por alunas e alunos de medicina atingidos por processos de marginalização. Utilizando-se de materiais comuns ao cotidiano de profissionais de saúde, foi possível retratar diferentes imagens relevantes para a luta das minorias e para a identidade pessoal dos participantes. A partir da cultura negra, essa oficina atuou como centro de ensino e de mobilização social, possibilitando a criação de instrumentos de resistência e autoafirmação.
Necessidades em(de) saúde: conceitos, implicações e desafios para o Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Carnut Leonardo , Ferraz Camila Biancchi
Published: August 2021

RESUMO Este estudo revisou sistematicamente a literatura sobre ‘necessidades em(de) saúde’. Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa utilizando o portal Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Português, espanhol e inglês foram os idiomas utilizados e recuperaram-se apenas os textos completos e com foco específico no Sistema Único de Saúde. Totalizaram-se 17 artigos incluídos, dos quais 88,8% estavam indexados na base Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Há uma variada forma de apropriação das ‘necessidades em(de) saúde’, termo cuja definição não é bem delimitada pelos autores, direcionando- o a três núcleos de sentido: ‘direito social constituído’, ‘conjunto articulado da efetividade dos direitos sociais’ e ‘ajuste entre as condições de vida e trabalho com a diversidade inerente às coletividades’. Diversas implicações para o Sistema Único de Saúde foram apresentadas e puderam ser compiladas em sete blocos: ‘capitalismo e sua crise’, ‘financiamento’, ‘características da formação social brasileira’, ‘problemas da gestão pública na saúde’, ‘mescla público-privado’, ‘problemas terminológicos’ e ‘escassez de recursos’. Por fim, os principais desafios da aplicação das necessidades no Sistema Único de Saúde transitam entre o simbólico, o crítico-político, a coerência entre financiamento-princípios, o Estado, a política macroeconômica, a gestão e as ações locais. Investir na superação dos desafios elencados pode ser um guia para a efetivação das necessidades como o centro da ação sanitária.
A efetividade da intervenção fonoaudiológica grupal no comportamento comunicativo de indivíduos com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia
Authors: Santos Ariana Elite dos , Pedrão Luiz Jorge , Zamberlan-Amorim Nelma Ellen , Furlan Julia Del Lama , Carvalho Ana Maria Pimenta
Published: August 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a efetividade da intervenção fonoaudiológica grupal no comportamento comunicativo de indivíduos com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Método Trata-se de um estudo quase experimental, quantitativo analítico-exploratório. Foram incluídos usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial III (CAPS III) com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo Experimental (GE), compondo o Grupo de Intervenção Fonoaudiológica (GIF) e Grupo Controle (GC). O comportamento comunicativo foi avaliado através da Bateria MAC Breve. O GIF foi realizado em 2 sessões semanais, totalizando 24 sessões. Após esse período, os indivíduos foram reavaliados. A análise ocorreu por meio dos Testes não paramétricos de Mann Whitney e o Teste de Correlação de Pearson. Resultados Participaram 19 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 19 e 59 anos, escolaridade mínima de 5 anos, sendo que 14 participaram do GE e 5 do GC. No GE, foi possível observar que houve melhora no comportamento comunicativo após a intervenção fonoaudiológica em todas as tarefas avaliadas, exceto na tarefa de Escrita. Já no GC, não foram observadas alterações significativas comparando a avaliação e a reavaliação após 12 semanas. Conclusão A intervenção fonoaudiológica grupal foi efetiva, utilizando a comunicação como instrumento de socialização e contribuindo para a melhoria das condições de vida de indivíduos com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia.