bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the association between cognitive activity and symptom resolution following concussion in adolescents aged 11–17 years
Authors: Yang Jingzhen , Alshaikh Enas , Asa Nichole , VonDeylen Olivia , Desai Nikhil , Taylor Hudson Gerry , Pommering Thomas , MacDonald James P , Cohen Daniel M , Yeates Keith Owen
Published: February 2024

Objective

As opposed to postconcussion physical activity, the potential influence of cognitive activity on concussion recovery is not well characterised. This study evaluated the intensity and duration of daily cognitive activity reported by adolescents following concussion and examined the associations between these daily cognitive activities and postconcussion symptom duration.

Methods

This study prospectively enrolled adolescents aged 11–17 years with a physician-confirmed concussion diagnosis within 72 hours of injury from the emergency department and affiliated concussion clinics. Participants were followed daily until symptom resolution or a maximum of 45 days postinjury to record their daily cognitive activity (intensity and duration) and postconcussion symptom scores.

Results

Participants (n=83) sustained their concussion mostly during sports (84%), had a mean age of 14.2 years, and were primarily male (65%) and white (72%). Participants reported an average of 191 (SD=148), 166 (SD=151) and 38 (SD=61) minutes of low-intensity, moderate-intensity and high-intensity daily cognitive activity postconcussion while still being symptomatic. Every 10 standardised minutes per hour increase in moderate-intensity or high-intensity cognitive activities postconcussion was associated with a 22% greater rate of symptom resolution (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47). Additionally, each extra day’s delay in returning to school postconcussion was associated with an 8% lower rate of symptom resolution (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.99).

Conclusion

In adolescents with concussion, more moderate-high intensity cognitive activity is associated with faster symptom resolution, and a delayed return to school is associated with slower symptom resolution. However, these relationships may be bidirectional and do not necessarily imply causality. Randomised controlled trials are needed to determine if exposure to early cognitive activity can promote concussion recovery in adolescents.
Mixed methods system for the assessment of post-exertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an exploratory study
Authors: Stussman Barbara , Calco Brice , Norato Gina , Gavin Angelique , Chigurupati Snigdha , Nath Avindra , Walitt Brian
Published: February 2024

Background

A central feature of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is post-exertional malaise (PEM), which is an acute worsening of symptoms after a physical, emotional and/or mental exertion. Dynamic measures of PEM have historically included scaled questionnaires, which have not been validated in ME/CFS. To enhance our understanding of PEM and how best to measure it, we conducted semistructured qualitative interviews (QIs) at the same intervals as visual analogue scale (VAS) measures after a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).

Methods

Ten ME/CFS and nine healthy volunteers participated in a CPET. For each volunteer, PEM symptom VAS (12 symptoms) and semistructured QIs were administered at six timepoints over 72 hours before and after a single CPET. QI data were used to plot the severity of PEM at each time point and identify the self-described most bothersome symptom for each ME/CFS volunteer. Performance of QI and VAS data was compared with each other using Spearman correlations.

Results

Each ME/CFS volunteer had a unique PEM experience, with differences noted in the onset, severity, trajectory over time and most bothersome symptom. No healthy volunteers experienced PEM. QI and VAS fatigue data corresponded well an hour prior to exercise (pre-CPET, r=0.7) but poorly at peak PEM (r=0.28) and with the change from pre-CPET to peak (r=0.20). When the most bothersome symptom identified from QIs was used, these correlations improved (r=0.0.77, 0.42. and 0.54, respectively) and reduced the observed VAS scale ceiling effects.

Conclusion

In this exploratory study, QIs were able to capture changes in PEM severity and symptom quality over time, even when VAS scales failed to do so. Measurement of PEM can be improved by using a quantitative–qualitative mixed model approach.
Impacts of regular physical activity on hospitalisation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Yang Bumhee , Lee Hyun , Ryu Jiin , Park Dong Won , Park Tai Sun , Chung Jee-Eun , Kim Tae-Hyung , Sohn Jang Won , Kim Eung-Gook , Choe Kang Hyeon , Yoon Ho Joo , Moon Ji-Yong
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Studies that comprehensively evaluate the association between physical activity (PA) levels, particularly by quantifying PA intensity, and healthcare use requiring emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalisation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited in Korea.

Methods

The risk of all-cause and respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation according to the presence or absence of COPD and the level of PA was evaluated in a retrospective nationwide cohort comprising 3308 subjects with COPD (COPD cohort) and 293 358 subjects without COPD (non-COPD cohort) from 2009 to 2017.

Results

The COPD group exhibited a higher relative risk of all-cause and respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation across all levels of PA compared with the highly active control group (≥1500 metabolic equivalents (METs)-min/week). Specifically, the highest risk was observed in the sedentary group (adjusted HR (aHR) (95% CI) = 1.70 (1.59 to 1.81) for all-cause ED visit or hospitalisation, 5.45 (4.86 to 6.12) for respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation). A 500 MET-min/week increase in PA was associated with reductions in all-cause and respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation in the COPD cohort (aHR (95% CI) = 0.92 (0.88 to 0.96) for all-cause, 0.87 (0.82 to 0.93) for respiratory cause).

Conclusions

Compared with the presumed healthiest cohort, the control group with PA>1500 METs-min/week, the COPD group with reduced PA has a higher risk of ED visit or hospitalisation.
Response to anti-HER2 neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive invasive breast cancers with different HER2 FISH patterns
Authors: Lv Hong , Bai Qian-Ming , Li Ming , Cai Meng-Yuan , Zhou Shu-Ling , Liu Yin , Wang Zhong-Hua , Shui Ruo-Hong , Lu Hong-Fen , Xu Xiao-Li , Yu Bao-Hua , Tu Xiao-Yu , Bi Rui , Cheng Yu-Fan , Zhou Xiao-Yan , Shao Zhi-Min , Yang Wen-Tao
Published: February 2024

Aims

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive patients with breast cancer may have different HER2/CEP17 ratios and HER2 copy numbers, with inconsistent responses to anti-HER2 neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Our study aimed to explore the relationship between different HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) patterns in HER2-positive patients with breast cancer and responses to anti-HER2 NACT.

Methods

527 patients with HER2-positive invasive breast cancer who received anti-HER2 NACT from 2015 to 2022 were included and divided into three groups by FISH results, namely group A: HER2/CEP17<2.0 and HER2 copy numbers ≥6.0, HER2 immunohistochemistry 2/3+; group B: HER2/CEP17≥2.0 and HER2 copy numbers ≥4.0 and <6.0; group C: HER2/CEP17≥2.0 and HER2 copy numbers ≥6.0. We compared clinicopathological characteristics and pathological complete response (pCR) rates of different groups.

Results

According to HER2 FISH results, 12 patients (2.3%, 12/527) were in group A, 40 (7.6%, 40/527) were in group B and 475 (90.1%, 475/527) were in group C. The pCR rate was the lowest in group B (5.0%), while the pCR rates in group A and group C were 33.3% and 44.4%, respectively (p(group A vs. B)=0.021, p(group C vs. B)< 0.001). Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that HER2 FISH pattern was correlated with pCR rate (p(group C vs. B)< 0.001, p(group C vs. B)= 0.025).

Conclusions

Patients with HER2/CEP17≥2.0 and HER2 copy numbers ≥4.0 and <6.0 do not benefit to the same extent from current anti-HER2 therapies as FISH-positive patients with other patterns.
Courts, rights and the critically brain-injured patient
Authors: Lyons Barry , Donnelly Mary
Published: February 2024

The reality of current clinical practice in the UK is that where a patient’s family refuses to agree to testing for brain stem death (BD), such cases will ultimately end up in court. This situation is true of both adults and children and reinforced by recent legal cases. While recourse to the courts might be regrettable in such tragic cases, if public trust in the medical diagnosis of BD is to be maintained all aspects of the process must be conducted in a way that is transparent and open to scrutiny. This is not an ‘ineffective expenditure’ of resources, but an essential element of a human rights-compliant legal system.
Early life exposure to Chinese famine and risk of digestive system cancer in midlife
Authors: Tan Yizhen , Jiang Xiaozhong , Ding Xiong , Wei Zhihao , Song Zongshuang , Chen Shuohua , Yang Peng , Zhao Dandan , Wu Shouling , Li Yun
Published: February 2024

To investigate whether early-life exposure to the Great Famine of 1959–1961 in China was associated with the risk of digestive system cancer. The prospective cohort study involved 17 997 participants from the Kailuan Study (Tangshan, China) that began in 2006. All participants were divided into three groups based on their date of birth. The unexposed group (born from 1 October 1962 to 30 September 1964), fetal-exposed group (born from 1 October 1959 to 30 December 1961), and early-childhood-exposed group (born from 1 October 1956 to 30 December 1958). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the association between early famine exposure and digestive system cancer. During the mean follow-up period of (10.4 ± 2.2) years, a total of 223 digestive system cancer events occurred. Including 54 cases in the unexposed group (62.14/100 000 person-years), 57 cases in the fetal-exposed group (114.8/100 000 person-years), and 112 cases in the early-childhood-exposure group (122.2/100 000 person-years). After adjusting covariates, compared with the unexposed group, the HR and 95% CI were 1.85 (1.28, 2.69) for participants in the fetal-exposed group and 1.92 (1.38, 2.66) for participants in the early-childhood-exposed group. No interactions were observed in our study. After classifying digestive system cancers, the HR and 95% CI were 2.02 (1.03, 3.97) for colorectal cancer for participants in the fetal-exposed group and 2.55 (1.43, 4.55) for participants in the early-childhood-exposed group. The HR and 95% CI were (1.13, 3.83) of liver cancer for participants in the fetal-exposed group and 1.15 (0.63, 2.10) for participants in the early-childhood-exposed group. Early-life famine exposure was associated with a higher risk of digestive system cancer in adulthood. Fetal-exposed individuals might increase the risk of colorectal cancer and liver cancer, and early childhood-exposed might increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
The sperm nuclear basic proteins of the sword fern (Polystichum munitum)
Authors: Ausió Juan , Knox Alistair , Kim Bo-Hyun , Humphrey Elaine , Gowen Brent , Minamino Naoki , von Aderkas Patrick
Published: February 2024

Sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs) were isolated from extracted antheridia-rich male gametophytes raised from spores of the swordfern, Polystichum munitum. Electrophoretic (acetic acid-urea PAGE and SDS-PAGE) and chromatographic (rp-HPLC) characterization of the nuclear proteins exhibited the characteristics of the histone (H-type). In both types of gel electrophoresis, histones H1, H2A, and H2B showed an altered electrophoretic mobility corresponding to that which is routinely observed for the histones in other plants. Histones present during spermatogenesis of the fern P. munitum were compared with the few current SNBPs known to be present in higher and lower evolutionary plant clades. A transition from an early protamine (P-type) SNBPs in charophytes and bryophytes to the (H-type) SNBP observed here is reminiscent of similar reversions observed in the animal kingdom.
The Texas Creek landslide, southwestern British Columbia: new ages and implications for the culture history and geomorphology of the mid-Fraser River region
Authors: Friele Pierre , Blais-Stevens Andrée , Gosse John C.
Published: February 2024

The Texas Creek rock avalanche is a prehistoric deposit in the Fraser River Canyon, 17 km south of Lillooet, southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Original mapping suggested that the debris consisted of two landslides: a 45 Mm3 event deposited after the Mazama tephra but before about 2 ka ago, and a 7.2 Mm3 event about 1.1 ka ago. The proposed timing of the younger landslide was correlated with a decline in the First Nations population and was proposed as an agent of cultural collapse driven by its impact on salmon returns vital to the population's sustenance. We provide six surface exposure ages using 10Be from boulder tops, with three samples from each surface that were originally posited to be older and younger debris. The six samples yielded similar ages suggesting the landslide deposit represents a single event with an average age of 2.28 ± 0.19 (2σ external error) ka before 1950 AD. Evidently, the landslide played no role in the cultural collapse. Fraser River Holocene incision rates, estimated pre- and post-landslide are between 13 and 24 mm/yr, consistent with previous estimates for the mid-Fraser River region. Landslide timing is coincident with the explosive eruption of Mount Meager, 120 km to the northwest, and with a possible landslide at Mystery Creek 85 km to the west and 65 km south of Mount Meager. The landslide may have been seismically triggered, but attribution is speculative.
Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of northwestern Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, with new insights into the age and diachronism of the Ship Point Formation in the Foxe Basin
Authors: Zhang Shunxin
Published: February 2024

Northwestern Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, preserves the stratigraphic record in the northern margin of the Foxe Basin. The Ordovician succession exposed on an unnamed peninsula west of Steensby Inlet, northwestern Baffin Island includes the Lower and Middle Ordovician Ship Point Formation and Upper Ordovician Frobisher Bay and Amadjuak formations. Nearly 7000 conodont specimens recovered from six sections on this peninsula allow the establishment of seven conodont zones throughout this succession: Rossodus manitouensis Taxon-range Zone, Acodus deltatus–Oneotodus costatus Assemblage Zone, Oepikodus communis Interval Zone, and Cooperignathus aranda–Jumudontus gananda Assemblage Zone in units 2 and 3 of the Ship Point Formation, correlative to the upper Tremadocian and Floian, Lower Ordovician; Phragmodus polonicus Taxon-range Zone confined to unit 4 of the Ship Point Formation, correlative to the middle Darriwilian, Middle Ordovician; and Appalachignathus delicatuluss– Belodina confluens and Belodina confluens–Periodon grandis Assemblage zones limited to the Frobisher Bay and Amadjuak formations, respectively, correlative to the lower Katian, Upper Ordovician. The establishment of these conodont zones proves that (1) the Ship Point Formation in the Foxe Basin is not a continuous stratigraphic unit but has a stratigraphic interval missing that is assignable to the Dapingian and lower Darriwilian, Middle Ordovician; (2) the base of the Ship Point Formation is diachronous in the Foxe Basin, which is correlated to the upper Tremadocian on northwestern Baffin Island but to the upper Floian on Melville Peninsula; and (3) the strata younger than lower Amadjuak Formation have been eroded in this area.
Fifth-order evolution equation for a liquid film with odd viscosity
Authors: Zakaria Kadry , Alsharif Abdullah M.
Published: February 2024

A fifth-order nonlinear wave equation (generalized Korteweg–deVries equation) that arises in the theory of thin liquid films is introduced with the odd viscosity by the long-wave approximation regime. The presence of the odd viscosity is considered to be a non-dissipative factor in the evolution of the film flow. Sinusoidal and travelling waves arise in systems with non dissipation and instability. The introduced wave equation includes quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. The linear instability of sinusoidal waves is analyzed. The stability and bifurcation of travelling waves are discussed.
Emergent Spatiotemporal Organization in Stochastic Intracellular Transport Dynamics
Authors: Joshi Kunaal , York Harrison M. , Wright Charles S. , Biswas Rudro R. , Arumugam Senthil , Iyer-Biswas Srividya
Published: February 2024

The interior of a living cell is an active, fluctuating, and crowded environment, yet it maintains a high level of coherent organization. This dichotomy is readily apparent in the intracellular transport system of the cell. Membrane-bound compartments called endosomes play a key role in carrying cargo, in conjunction with myriad components including cargo adaptor proteins, membrane sculptors, motor proteins, and the cytoskeleton. These components coordinate to effectively navigate the crowded cell interior and transport cargo to specific intracellular locations, even though the underlying protein interactions and enzymatic reactions exhibit stochastic behavior. A major challenge is to measure, analyze, and understand how, despite the inherent stochasticity of the constituent processes, the collective outcomes show an emergent spatiotemporal order that is precise and robust. This review focuses on this intriguing dichotomy, providing insights into the known mechanisms of noise suppression and noise utilization in intracellular transport processes, and also identifies opportunities for future inquiry.
The Role of the Microbiome in the Etiopathogenesis of Colon Cancer
Authors: El Tekle Geniver , Andreeva Natalia , Garrett Wendy S.
Published: February 2024

Studies in preclinical models support that the gut microbiota play a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Specific microbial species and their corresponding virulence factors or associated small molecules can contribute to CRC development and progression either via direct effects on the neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells or through interactions with the host immune system. Induction of DNA damage, activation of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB proinflammatory pathways, and alteration of the nutrient's availability and the metabolic activity of cancer cells are the main mechanisms by which the microbiota contribute to CRC. Within the tumor microenvironment, the gut microbiota alter the recruitment, activation, and function of various immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Additionally, the microbiota shape the function and composition of cancer-associated fibroblasts and extracellular matrix components, fashioning an immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic niche for CRC. Understanding the complex interplay between gut microbiota and tumorigenesis can provide therapeutic opportunities for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
Arterial Stiffness: From Basic Primers to Integrative Physiology
Authors: Regnault Véronique , Lacolley Patrick , Laurent Stéphane
Published: February 2024

The elastic properties of conductance arteries are one of the most important hemodynamic functions in the body, and data continue to emerge regarding the importance of their dysfunction in vascular aging and a range of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide new insight into the integrative physiology of arterial stiffening and its clinical consequence. We also comprehensively review progress made on pathways/molecules that appear today as important basic determinants of arterial stiffness, particularly those mediating the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contractility, plasticity and stiffness. We focus on membrane and nuclear mechanotransduction, clearance function of the vascular wall, phenotypic switching of VSMCs, immunoinflammatory stimuli and epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the most important advances of the latest clinical studies that revisit the classical therapeutic concepts of arterial stiffness and lead to a patient-by-patient strategy according to cardiovascular risk exposure and underlying disease.
A Razor's Edge: Vascular Responses to Acute Inflammatory Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Price David R. , Garcia Joe G.N.
Published: February 2024

Historically considered a metabolically inert cellular layer separating the blood from the underlying tissue, the endothelium is now recognized as a highly dynamic, metabolically active tissue that is critical to organ homeostasis. Under homeostatic conditions, lung endothelial cells (ECs) in healthy subjects are quiescent, promoting vasodilation, platelet disaggregation, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In contrast, lung ECs are essential contributors to the pathobiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as the quiescent endothelium is rapidly and radically altered upon exposure to environmental stressors, infectious pathogens, or endogenous danger signals into an effective and formidable regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. These dramatic perturbations, produced in a tsunami of inflammatory cascade activation, result in paracellular gap formation between lung ECs, sustained lung edema, and multi-organ dysfunction that drives ARDS mortality. The astonishing plasticity of the lung endothelium in negotiating this inflammatory environment and efforts to therapeutically target the aberrant ARDS endothelium are examined in further detail in this review.
Study on the osmotic response and function of myo-inositol oxygenase in euryhaline fish nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yu Qiuran , Huang Yuxing , Luo Yuan , Qin Jianguang , Chen Liqiao , Li Erchao , Wang Xiaodan
Published: February 2024

Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step of MI metabolism and determines MI content in aquatic animals. To understand the role of miox in the osmotic regulation of Nile tilapia, we analyzed its expression in different tissues and its function under hyperosmotic stress. This study showed that miox is essential in osmotic regulation to enhance the salinity tolerance of Nile tilapia by affecting myo-inositol accumulation, glucose metabolism, and antioxidant performance.
Depalmitoylation and cell physiology: APT1 as a mediator of metabolic signals
Authors: Speck Sarah L. , Wei Xiaochao , Semenkovich Clay F.
Published: February 2024

More than half of the global population is obese or overweight, especially in Western countries, and this excess adiposity disrupts normal physiology to cause chronic diseases. Diabetes, an adiposity-associated epidemic disease, affects >500 million people, and cases are projected to exceed 1 billion before 2050. Lipid excess can impact physiology through the posttranslational modification of proteins, including the reversible process of S-palmitoylation. Dynamic palmitoylation cycling requires the S-acylation of proteins by acyltransferases and the depalmitoylation of these proteins mediated in part by acyl-protein thioesterases (APTs) such as APT1. Emerging evidence points to tissue-specific roles for the depalmitoylase APT1 in maintaining homeostasis in the vasculature, pancreatic islets, and liver. These recent findings raise the possibility that APT1 substrates can be therapeutically targeted to treat the complications of metabolic diseases.
Seasonal fluctuations in BDNF regulate hibernation and torpor in golden-mantled ground squirrels
Authors: Hernandez Caterina M. , Florant Gregory L. , Stranahan Alexis M.
Published: February 2024

Golden-mantled ground squirrels exhibit dramatic seasonal fluctuations in metabolism and can fast for months while hibernating. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is an essential determinant of cellular and systemic metabolism, and in this study, we characterized seasonal fluctuations in BDNF expression and then administered the small molecule BDNF mimetic 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) in hibernating squirrels. The results indicate that activating BDNF/TrkB signaling disrupts hibernation, with implications for synaptic homeostasis in prolonged hypometabolic states.
Arc-Scanning Synthetic Aperture Radar for Accurate Location of Targets
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Félix , Martínez-Cordero Susan , Calvo-Gallego Jaime , Romero-Paisano Francisco-Javier
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this article is to present the advantages that the use of arc-scanning synthetic aperture radar (Arc-SAR) would provide for accurate location of target to the weapon systems. Arc-SAR systems have an extraordinary capacity of angular discrimination of the targets, this fact make possible they can be used for the precise location of targets by replacing the large antennas required by the monopulse systems, used in this kind of applications, with a small rotating antenna. However, to carry out the real-time location of targets with the current processors a much more complex signal processing is needed. A simulator has been developed in this work, which allows the comparison of the theoretical and experimental results obtained by the classical systems against those obtained with the proposed Arc-SAR system working in the millimeter frequency bands. The results obtained demonstrate the ability of the proposed technique to accurately locate targets. This confirms that the obtained precisions allow the use the presented system in some important applications as Sense & Avoid (S&A) and weapon-pointing systems. Finally, possible applications of these techniques are described, especially useful is onboard sensors, because of the small size and weight of the antenna needed to implement an Arc-SAR system.
Green-Synthesized Sm3+-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: R. Lavanya , T. Ramakrishnappa , K. M. Girish , K. Suresh Kumar , N. Basavaraju , B. M. Shilpa
Published: February 2024

The present study focuses on the green-mediated synthesis of pristine and Sm3+-doped ZnO nanoparticles using Syzygium cumini fruit extract. The prepared material was characterized by various characterization techniques. Photocatalytic degradation of a fast orange red (FOR) dye under UV light resulted in 88% degradation, with a minimal decrease (87.90%) observed even after five successive runs, indicating the stability and effectiveness of the catalyst. The enhancement in degradation efficiency is attributed to the incorporation of Sm3+ ions into the ZnO lattice. Utilizing the optimized Sm3+ (5 mol%)-doped ZnO nanoparticles, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were performed on the prepared electrode, demonstrating the excellent CV properties; this enhancement is attributed to the modification of ZnO’s redox chemistry and the alteration of charge transfer kinetics at the electrode-electrolyte interface due to the addition of Sm3+ into the ZnO structure. The antibacterial activity was performed against two pathogenic strains, i.e., Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus. The obtained results suggest that the prepared material holds great promise for catalytic, energy storage, antibacterial, and other multifunctional applications.
Assessment of Pilots’ Cognitive Competency Using Situation Awareness Recognition Model Based on Visual Characteristics
Authors: Jiang Shaoqi , Su Ruifang , Ren Zhenzhen , Chen Weijiong , Kang Yutao
Published: February 2024

Visual characteristics have the potential to assess the navigational proficiency of ship pilots. A precise assessment of ship piloting competence is imperative to mitigate human errors in piloting. An exhaustive examination of cognitive capabilities plays a pivotal role in developing an enhanced and refined system for classifying, selecting, and training ship piloting proficiency. Insufficiency in situation awareness (SA), denoting the cognitive underpinning of hazardous behaviors among pilots, may lead to subpar performance in ship pilotage when faced with adverse conditions. To address this issue, we propose an SA recognition model based on the random forest-support vector machine (RF-SVM) algorithm, which utilizes wearable eye-tracking technology to detect pilots’ at-risk cognitive state, specifically low-SA levels. We rectify the relative error (RE) and root mean square error (RMSE) and employ principal component analysis (PCA) to enhance the RF algorithm, optimizing the combination of salient features in greater depth. Through the utilization of these feature combinations, we construct a SVM algorithm using the most suitable variables for SA recognition. Our proposed RF-SVM algorithm is compared to RF or SVM alone, and it achieves the highest accuracy in recognizing at-risk cognitive states under poor visibility conditions (an improvement of 86.79% to 93.43% in accuracy). Taken collectively, the present findings offer vital technical support for developing a technique-based intelligent system for adaptively evaluating the cognitive accomplishment of pilots. Furthermore, they establish the groundwork and framework for the surveillance of cognitive processes and capabilities in marine pilotage operations within China.
Detection of Microdefects in Fabric with Multifarious Patterns and Colors Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Xia Rongfei , Chen Yifei , Ji Yangfeng
Published: February 2024

Automatic detection of fabric defects is important in textile quality control, particularly in detecting fabrics with multifarious patterns and colors. This study proposes a fabric defect detection system for fabrics with complex patterns and colors. The proposed system comprises five convolutional layers designed to extract features from the original images effectively. In addition, three fully connected layers are designed to classify the fabric defects into four categories. Using this system, the detection accuracy is improved, and the depth of the model is shortened simultaneously. Optimal detection rates for testing dirty marks, clip marks, broken yams, and defect-free were 88.01%, 90.15%, 98.01%, and 97.73%, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective, feasible, and has significant potential for fabric defect detection.
Olericulture No-Till System at Mountain Region: Physical and Biological Attributes of the Soil
Authors: Ribeiro Mauri Laura Vaillant , Mendonça Eduardo de Sá , Bolzan Lenita Julia , Angeletti Maria da Penha
Published: February 2024

The production of vegetables and grains by the family farming in the mountains of the Atlantic Forest is characterized by intensive soil management with ploughing and harrowing practices. These practices are promoting hydric erosion and losses of soil quality in the region. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate soil physical and biological characteristics at two seasons of the year in agroecosystems producing vegetables and grains in the no-tillage system (NTS) for 3, 5, and 9 years compared to the conventional management system (CT) in the Atlantic Forest Biome, Brazil. Physical and organic matter attributes and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stock were evaluated. NTS showed, in general, greater total porosity than CT systems. The main differences between the systems were found in the organic attributes and C and N stocks. The content of microbial biomass C in NTS with 3, 5, and 9 years was 767.5, 326.5, and 210.0 mg·kg−1, while the areas with CT had 93.75, 78.25, and 45.75 mg·kg−1, respectively. The stock of C in winter at the 9NTS area was 33.0 and 41.5 Mg·ha−1, and the respective area in CT presented only 21.75 and 25.00 Mg·ha−1 in the depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm, respectively. The metabolic quotient of the NTS areas did not differ from the reference ecosystems and is promoting lower C-CO2 emissions than the CT system. The adoption of NTS in vegetable production improves soil quality in family farm areas of mountains relief at the Atlantic Forest Biome.
A Cluster of Evolutionarily Recent KRAB Zinc Finger Proteins Protects Cancer Cells from Replicative Stress–Induced Inflammation
Authors: Martins Filipe , Rosspopoff Olga , Carlevaro-Fita Joana , Forey Romain , Offner Sandra , Planet Evarist , Pulver Cyril , Pak HuiSong , Huber Florian , Michaux Justine , Bassani-Sternberg Michal , Turelli Priscilla , Trono Didier
Published: February 2024

Heterochromatin loss and genetic instability enhance cancer progression by favoring clonal diversity, yet uncontrolled replicative stress leads to mitotic catastrophe and inflammatory responses that promote immune rejection. KRAB domain-containing zinc finger proteins (KZFP) contribute to heterochromatin maintenance at transposable elements (TE). Here, we identified an association of upregulation of a cluster of primate-specific KZFPs with poor prognosis, increased copy-number alterations, and changes in the tumor microenvironment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Depleting two of these KZFPs targeting evolutionarily recent TEs, ZNF587 and ZNF417, impaired the proliferation of cells derived from DLBCL and several other tumor types. ZNF587 and ZNF417 depletion led to heterochromatin redistribution, replicative stress, and cGAS–STING-mediated induction of an interferon/inflammatory response, which enhanced susceptibility to macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and increased surface expression of HLA-I, together with presentation of a neoimmunopeptidome. Thus, cancer cells can exploit KZFPs to dampen TE-originating surveillance mechanisms, which likely facilitates clonal expansion, diversification, and immune evasion.

Significance:

Upregulation of a cluster of primate-specific KRAB zinc finger proteins in cancer cells prevents replicative stress and inflammation by regulating heterochromatin maintenance, which could facilitate the development of improved biomarkers and treatments.
TABLE 3 from Phase I Study of mTORC1/2 Inhibitor Sapanisertib (CB-228/TAK-228) in Combination with Metformin in Patients with mTOR/AKT/PI3K Pathway Alterations and Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Coleman Niamh , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Janku Filip , Rodon Jordi , Pant Shubham , Dumbrava Ecaterina E. Ileana , Fu Siqing , Hong David S. , Zhang Shizhen , Sun Ming , Jiang Yunfang , Roszik Jason , Song Juhee , Yuan Ying , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Naing Aung
Published: February 2024

AEs. Most common AEs are summarized by severity, severity based on NCI CTCAE criteria version 4.03
Table S9 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Fisher exact test of total cells from patients with each mutated gene, comparing mutant and wild-type (WT) progenitor-immature erythroid-myeloid (Prog_Ery_Mye) and lymphoid compartments
Table S8 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Fisher exact test for each combination of mutated pathways, comparing responders vs. non-responders at diagnosis
Table S7 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Fisher exact test for each mutated pathway, comparing responders vs. non-responders at diagnosis
Representativeness of Study Participants from Phase I Study of mTORC1/2 Inhibitor Sapanisertib (CB-228/TAK-228) in Combination with Metformin in Patients with mTOR/AKT/PI3K Pathway Alterations and Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Coleman Niamh , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Janku Filip , Rodon Jordi , Pant Shubham , Dumbrava Ecaterina E. Ileana , Fu Siqing , Hong David S. , Zhang Shizhen , Sun Ming , Jiang Yunfang , Roszik Jason , Song Juhee , Yuan Ying , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Naing Aung
Published: February 2024

Representativeness of Study Participants
FIGURE 2 from Phase I Study of mTORC1/2 Inhibitor Sapanisertib (CB-228/TAK-228) in Combination with Metformin in Patients with mTOR/AKT/PI3K Pathway Alterations and Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Coleman Niamh , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Janku Filip , Rodon Jordi , Pant Shubham , Dumbrava Ecaterina E. Ileana , Fu Siqing , Hong David S. , Zhang Shizhen , Sun Ming , Jiang Yunfang , Roszik Jason , Song Juhee , Yuan Ying , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Naing Aung
Published: February 2024

A, Waterfall plot showing best overall response of evaluable patients on trial. Among 30 patients in the dataset, 24 patients were evaluated for best overall response and 6 patients were not evaluated. Among 24 with best overall response, 4 had PR, 15 had SD, and 5 had PD. For these 24 patients, 22 had percent change from baseline tumor size measured. Two patients who had progression due to unequivocal progression in non-target lesions did not have a tumor size measurement. B, Swimmers plot. All 30 patients treated on study are included. PR, SD, PD, death, and ongoing treatment are indicated.
TABLE 1 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Characteristics of patients with the studied MDS
Figure S9 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Mutational status of the lymphoid compartment
Figure S7 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Clonal landscape of the progenitor, immature erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid compartments at diagnosis for each patient
Figure S3 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Clonal landscape of MDS patients
FIGURE 5 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Distribution of mutant cells within the BM compartments defined by the immunophenotype. A, Percentage of mutant progenitor, immature erythroid and myeloid cells (Pro_Ery_Mye) compared with mutant lymphoid cells in each patient at diagnosis (top); percentage of mutant progenitor, immature erythroid and myeloid (bottom, left); or T, B, and NK cells (bottom, right) in each patient at diagnosis. B, UMAP of BM cells from all samples colored by number of mutations per cell (left); cell type proportions according to the number of mutations per cell (right). C, UMAP colored according to gene mutational status. WT, wild-type; MUT, mutant.
FIGURE 3 from Single-cell Multiomics Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Clinical Response to Hypomethylating Therapy
Authors: Campillo-Marcos Ignacio , Casado-Pelaez Marta , Davalos Veronica , Ferrer Gerardo , Mata Caterina , Mereu Elisabetta , Roué Gael , Valcárcel David , Molero Antonieta , Zamora Lurdes , Xicoy Blanca , Palomo Laura , Acha Pamela , Manzanares Ana , Tobiasson Magnus , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Solé Francesc , Esteller Manel
Published: February 2024

Clonal evolution of responder and nonresponder patients with MDS upon AZA treatment. A, Clonal phylogenies of patients #3 and #14 (responders) and #4 and #8 (nonresponders) at diagnosis. Dot size represents clone size. B, Fishplots of patients #3 and #14 (responders) and #4 and #8 (nonresponders), illustrating the clonal distribution at diagnosis and after AZA treatment. C, Proportion of mutant cells (left) and predominant mutant clone (right) in responder patients at diagnosis and after AZA treatment. Dx, diagnosis; Aza, after AZA treatment.
Mapa, conceitos e travessia: as práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Ota Laura Iumi Nobre , Carvalho Yara Maria de
Published: February 2024

As práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde (PICS) são uma realidade no cuidado no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e nesses últimos anos têm se expandido. Esta pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de entrevistas individuais, resultou em um mapa que mostra autores e obras usados como referencial por profissionais de saúde responsáveis pelas PICS no Centro de Convivência e Cooperativa (CECCO) Parque Ibirapuera, para orientar as práticas. São conexões, conceitos, sentidos e significados atribuídos às PICS e às relações com a saúde. Em diálogo com Antônio Cândido e ao encontro de Guimarães Rosa discutimos a formação em saúde problematizando o pensar sobre a prática. Os encontros e desencontros acontecem nos diferentes caminhos e instigam minha travessia, sem começo e sem fim.
Instalações e equipamentos esportivos para treinamentos e competições em Ginástica Artística Feminina no Brasil
Authors: Lima Letícia Bartholomeu de Queiroz , Schiavon Laurita Marconi
Published: February 2024

O sucesso esportivo é objeto central no esporte de alto rendimento, assim sendo, mantê-lo e atingi-lo se torna relevante para diferentes países. No entanto, para que o sucesso esportivo internacional seja atingido é necessário todo um processo estratégico. Assim, tendo em vista os fatores que podem influenciar tal sucesso esportivo destacamos o papel das instalações esportivas. A importância das instalações esportivas para a Ginástica Artística é constantemente ressaltada, para que os(as) atletas tenham condições adequadas com equipamentos e suportes diversos assegurando condições de segurança e progressão. Desta forma, o presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar as instalações esportivas específicas para a Ginástica Artística Feminina (GAF) no Brasil, apontando suas potencialidades, fragilidades e necessidades. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa mista de abordagem de Múltiplos Constituintes com 26 stakeholders (partes interessadas) da GAF no Brasil por meio de questionários. As Instalações Esportivas apareceram como um dos pilares mais importantes para o sucesso esportivo da GAF brasileira, embora tenha sido avaliada como um aspecto que requer atenção das autoridades com vista ao futuro. Apesar de observarmos pouco suporte para as ginastas brasileiras referentes as instalações esportivas, estes suportes representam os primeiros passos, mesmo que limitados, em prol da modalidade no país. Há necessidade de revê-los, melhorá-los e expandi-los, levando em consideração as peculiaridades e necessidades da modalidade em si, em termos de quantidade, qualidade, localidade, transparência, acesso e nível de prática de cada região do país.
Relações de interdependências na arbitragem da Ginástica Rítmica
Authors: Costa Caroline Ruivo , Pires Ademir Faria , Broch Caroline , Pizani Juliana , Barbosa-Rinaldi Ieda Parra
Published: February 2024

Esta pesquisa, de caráter descritivo, possui como objetivo identificar e caracterizar interferências que as relações de interdependência entre árbitras, técnicas e ginastas exercem (ou não) na avaliação da arbitragem de ginástica rítmica (GR). Participaram do estudo sete árbitras brasileiros com brevet nacional e internacional, que atuam ou já atuaram como treinadoras. A coleta foi realizada por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, e os dados foram tratados por meio de análise de conteúdo. Foi possível identificar elementos que interferem no julgamento da arbitragem de coreografias de GR em competições individuais ou de conjunto. Esses elementos se associam com conceitos da teoria de Norbert Elias, expressos a partir da configuração da GR (treinadoras, ginastas, dirigentes, outras árbitras, público, entre outros), dos aspectos figuracionais do contexto em que a GR se insere como o habitus da árbitra, do poder, das “brechas” do Código de Pontuação, e dos relacionamentos de interdependência entre árbitras. Conclui-se que mudanças são necessárias na forma de avaliação da GR, assim como a formação desses profissionais precisa ser repensada.
Motivations for Artificial Intelligence, for Deep Learning, for ALife: Mortality and Existential Risk
Authors: Harvey Inman
Published: February 2024

We survey the general trajectory of artificial intelligence (AI) over the last century, in the context of influences from Artificial Life. With a broad brush, we can divide technical approaches to solving AI problems into two camps: GOFAIstic (or computationally inspired) or cybernetic (or ALife inspired). The latter approach has enabled advances in deep learning and the astonishing AI advances we see today—bringing immense benefits but also societal risks. There is a similar divide, regrettably unrecognized, over the very way that such AI problems have been framed. To date, this has been overwhelmingly GOFAIstic, meaning that tools for humans to use have been developed; they have no agency or motivations of their own. We explore the implications of this for concerns about existential risk for humans of the “robots taking over.” The risks may be blamed exclusively on human users—the robots could not care less.
The Effect of the Prior Teacher on Value-Added
Authors: Gilraine Michael , McCarthy Odhrain
Published: February 2024

We show that teachers' value-added (‘VA’) depend on the VA of the teachers that preceded them. To do so, we use administrative data from North Carolina and find that a one-standard deviation increase in last grade's mean teacher VA causes a 0.08σ decrease in teacher VA. Controlling for prior teacher assignment eliminates this bias. Under a benchmark policy that releases teachers in the bottom five percent of the VA distribution, thirty-two percent of teachers are incorrectly released using traditional techniques. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating dynamic features of education production into the estimation of teacher quality.