bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Theory of Planned Behavior to Determine Consumer Intention
in Choosing Cloth vs Plastic Bags
Authors: Batooli Zahra , Zarein-Dolab Saeed , Mohamadloo Azam , Rahimzadeh Mitra
Published: March 2022

Plastics bags waste presets serious danger to human and animal health. A descriptive study was conducted on 250 consumers who were shopping in different stores of Kashan city in Iran in 2020 to investigate the consumers’ intention, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control towards reducing the consumption of plastic bags and using cloth bags based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Stratified sampling was applied to select the consumers to filled out a questionnaire developed based on the TPB in Farsi. A path analysis was used to investigate whether attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control would have any relation with the intention to reduce the consumption of plastic bags and to use cloth bags and whether the pathway model was acceptable. Results showed that certain demographic characteristics such as age and gender affects the perceived behavioral control. Employed consumers had stronger intention in using cloth bags. The path analysis results showed positive correlations between intention and other components of TPB such as attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. There was a medium correlation between different dimensions of TPB. Weak correlation was observed between the attitude and perceived behavioral control and maximum correlation was observed between perceived behavioral control and intention. Employed and housewives consumers had strong intentions in using clothe bags. Attitude was not a strong determinant of intention and perceived behavioral control. Thus educational and awareness-raising programs should be accompanied by other reinforcing/ encouraging programs targeting at changing the intention directly. Employed individuals and housewives are more likely to change their behavior and benefit from such programs.
PUBLIC TRANSPORT BETWEEN CENTER AND PERIPHERY IN BISHKEK - LESSONS FROM OTHER CITIES
Authors: Altybaev A.Sh. , Sogolov I. , Isakov K. , Kubanychbekov T.
Published: March 2022

This article examines the situation of public transport in Bishkek, and also describes the analysis of public transport in other cities in European countries with approximately equal population. Based on the results, it proposes possible ways to improve the public transport in Bishkek. The article was written based on the results of an internship on the project SUMRICA.
VERTICAL DEFORMATION ANALYSIS BASED ON REPEATED MEASUREMENTS OF A SHOPPING BUILDING
Authors: Aminjanova M. B. , Hamdamov A. I. , Sadikova S. N. , Földváry L.
Published: March 2022

For the vertical deformation monitoring of the construction of the Family Park shopping centre facility in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, a monitoring network has been established including 12 benchmarks installed on the wall of the building. Altogether 8 of control surveys were observed during the time span of the construction, and based on them, an estimation for future subsidence has been provided by extrapolating of best-fitting exponential curve. It was found that in all test points the relevant subsidence has been ceased. A further test has been provided to estimate the tilting of the building. The value of the tilting was estimated to be 0.06‰, which was also found to be unidirectional, so no deformation of the structure can be expected due to it.
RESEARCH NEEDS DOCTORAL PHD PROGRAM "INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES"
Authors: Kartanova A.Dzh.
Published: March 2022

There is a growing need for the development of IT education and the training of high-quality IT specialists in context of the digital transformation of Kyrgyzstan. There are all the prerequisites for enhancing the training of highly qualified scientific personnel and their stimulation to scientific and innovative activities.
A study of the need for PhD doctoral studies from employers of the Institute of New Information Technologies for educational program "Information Systems and Processes" was carried out in order to introduce and improve the quality of doctoral programs in accordance with the needs of stakeholders. An important criterion for ensuring the quality of personnel training is the interaction of educational and research organizations with each other, with business structures and government agencies in updating educational programs.
The information from the questionnaires was used as the initial data for the analysis and assessment of needs. The questionnaire was developed using the Google Form application.
OVERVIEW OF OPTIMIZATION METHODS FOR PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ETL PROCES
Authors: Kartanova A.Dzh. , Imanbekov T.I.
Published: March 2022

One of the important aspects in management and acceleration of processes, operations in databases and data warehouses is ETL processes, the process of extracting, transforming and loading data. These processes without optimizing, a realization data warehouse project is costly, complex, and time-consuming.
This paper provides an overview and research of methods for optimizing the performance of ETL processes; that the most important indicator of ETL system's operation is the time and speed of data processing is shown. The issues of the generalized structure of ETL process flows are considered, the architecture of ETL process optimization is proposed, and the main methods of parallel data processing in ETL systems are presented, those methods can improve its performance. The most relevant today of the problem is performance of ETL processes for data warehouses is considered in detail.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE PROPAGATION OF A HARFULL EMISSIONS PASSIVE IMPURITY OVER A TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF THE TERRAIN
Authors: Kurbanaliev A. Y. , Turganbayeva A. B. , Matisakov Zh. K. , Berdibekova K.T.
Published: March 2022

High concentrations of pollutants are caused not only by strong emissions, but also by a decrease in dispersion, especially in the atmospheric layer adjacent to the surface, where most of the pollutants are emitted. In this paper, the forecast of wind flow and dispersion of pollutants over a two-dimensional hilly terrain is considered by numerical methods. The experimental data were used to verify the reliability of the numerical results of modeling the propagation of a passive impurity over a two-dimensional uneven terrain. The numerical data agree quite satisfactorily with the profiles of the average velocity and turbulence characteristics measured in the experiment. The hypothesis about the independence of the flow of the boundary layer of the atmosphere over an aerodynamically uneven terrain from the Reynolds number is confirmed by numerical methods. The influence of two-dimensional hills on the dispersion of pollutants from continuously or temporarily operating sources of different heights and locations of emissions is also studied. Concentrations of harmful impurities at the level of the earth's surface significantly decrease as the height of the source of their emissions increases. In addition, the numerical values of the concentration at ground level are somewhat overestimated. This is probably due to large deviations in the wind direction near the ground during the field experiment, which lead to a change in the direction of propagation and low concentrations of harmful emissions at ground level.
FORMALIZATION OF THE PROBLEM FOR OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF BASE STATIONS OF CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
Authors: Momunalieva N.T. , Sharsheeva K.T. , Alymkulov S.A.
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the issue of the optimal location of base stations for mobile communications. A method for finding the optimal location of base stations, determining their throughput in accordance with the expected traffic volume and determining the size of the cells will be considered. The purpose of the work is to formalize the question of the optimal location of base stations according to the criteria for minimizing costs for all network elements, taking into account the expected number of subscribers and the volume of traffic. As a result, a generalized algorithm for solving problems for systems is described, which allows one to formalize the objective function and constraints.
CLIP READING: A NEW REALITY IN EDUCATION
Authors: Sagynalieva G. T.
Published: March 2022

The article attempts to comprehensively consider such a phenomenon as clip reading, identify the reasons for the emergence of clip thinking, show how the thinking of modern students has changed under the influence of electronic means of communication, and how this affects the educational reading process. The main characteristics of clip reading are also revealed, the main methods of clip reading are highlighted, and three specific platforms for working with clip reading in the classroom are proposed. We would like to convey to teachers the idea that the emergence of mosaic thinking is quite natural and that it is pointless to impose old teaching techniques on students and consider modern tools of developing interest in clip reading.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE MOVEMENT OF MOISTURE IN THE SOIL
Authors: Sagyndykova R.K. , Dyykanova A.T. , Zhusupbekova S.T.
Published: March 2022

By constructing the method of collocation of radial basis functions in combination with the method of differences, a two-dimensional mathematical model with boundary conditions for the movement of soil water during irrigation is proposed. The nonlinear term is considered by the difference method, and the equation is solved using an implicit scheme. In addition, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the equation of motion of groundwater is proved.
Radial basis functions, also known as distance basis functions, are a type of functions with a base variable. They are isotropic and simple in form and can be easily solved by numerical calculation. The method combining radial basis functions with collocation has many advantages in solving partial differential equations. Numerical results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and is easier to use than traditional methods. In addition, the choice of parameter c plays an important role in ensuring the accuracy of calculations. This lays the foundation for numerical solutions of high-dimensional equations of groundwater motion.
THE TECHNOLOGY OF USING DIDACTIC GAMES IN ON-LINE LEARNING IS BASED ON THE WORK OF T.KOZHOMBERDIEV IN THE VII GRADE
Authors: Zholdosheva R.T.
Published: March 2022

The article describes online learning in the current educational process. The teacher points out that when organizing work with students, it is still necessary to be guided by the didactic principles of education, specify which competencies will be emphasized, and then combine them into an author's idea, so that students can decide in advance on the principle of literary and artistic thinking what knowledge they will receive through the studied educational material. At the same time for time management are important key features, which has found its place in pedagogy and didactics, which provided information technology has impressive properties of online communication. The use of information technologies in the performance of tasks of the lesson is empirical in nature and can not be focused on solving theoretical problems. It was about the fact that the tasks assigned to the teacher will be fully fulfilled, and the ideas laid down by the author in the work will become available to students.
TRANSLATION OF STYLISTIC DEVICES FROM ENGLISH TO KYRGYZ LANGUAGE IN THE TRAGEDY OF W. SHAKESPEARE "RICHARD III"
Authors: Karaeva Z. K. , Shabdanaliev N. A.
Published: March 2022

The stylistics are based on the concepts of tropes and figures. Embellishments of speech have been considered and analyzed since antiquity. In this direction, the works of many orators, philosophers and stylists are known (Theophrastus, Aristotle, Demetrius, Cicero, Quintilian, etc.). In linguistics, stylistic devices are studied in detail, but it analyzes how stylistic devices were translated into the Kyrgyz language containing information about English culture and history, what which correspond to the Kyrgyz culture in the tragedy of the great English writer W. Shakespeare "Richard 3".
PECULIARITIES OF OF LEXICAL MEANS TRANSLATION IN THE TRANSLATION IN CHINESE FAIRY TALES INTO THE KYRGYZ LANGUAGE
Authors: Kenesh kyzy Ainura , Mambetalieva S. Ch.
Published: March 2022

This article examines the process of translating Chinese folk tales into the Kyrgyz language. Fairy tales vividly reflect the identity, culture, customs and customs of the people, the way of life of the people and their peculiarities of life. At the same time, fairy tales reflect the universal values that we inherited from an early age. Fairy tales also play an important role in the study of foreign languages by students who are interested in the content of the story. If students are interested in fairy tales, they easily overcome difficulties, master the material and develop strong speaking skills in a foreign language. For this reason, the topic of this article is very relevant. The purpose of this article is to describe the features of the translation of Chinese fairy tales and suggest how to improve its quality. A deep understanding of the original text, as well as reliance on the scientific sources of Chinese scientists, allows you to draw conclusions on its basis and make important recommendations for working with Chinese folklore texts.
THE PHILOSOPHICAL MEANING OF THE NAME «MANAS» (BASED ON THE VERSION OF S. OROZBAKOV AND TOGOLOK MOLDO)
Authors: Sabyr uulu Amangeldi
Published: March 2022

Archaic model forms layered with religious motifs are the core in the plot construction of the epic “Manas”. Therefore, it is quite logical that the issue of the name of "Manas” was discussed in a broader aspect and analyzed in several sciences. Folklore is analyzed by methods of comparative historical, comparative typological and analytical psychology. In addition, the religious and philosophical views of the Islamic scholar Al-Ghazali will be considered and objectively evaluated in parallel with the philosophical reflections of S.Orozbakov’s and Togolok Moldo’s versions of the epic. The name “Manas” in the variants of Orozbakov, Togolok Moldo is based on the mythological stories of the Turkic peoples about the Universe and draws a parallel with their universal models. As a result, general models of the philosophical concept of duality in nomadic and Islamic culture are proposed to the scientific community as hypotheses.
PHILOSOPHICAL PARALLELS IN THE EPIC "MANAS" AND THE ISLAMIC RELIGION
Authors: Sabyr uulu Amangeldi
Published: March 2022

It can be noted that the nomadic culture was free and humane from the point of view of religion. Before the religion of Islam became the state ideology of nomadic peoples, prominent representatives of Buddhism, Manichaeism, Nestorianism freely spread their religious beliefs. Therefore, such processes contributed to the influx of religious movements in Central Asia. Although Buddhism, Manichaeism, Nestorianism, and Islamic culture have historically overlapped with nomadic civilization, the question arises as to what factor influenced their acceptance or rejection of religious beliefs. And when Islam penetrates into the Kyrgyz environment, two great cultures merge into one. There will be a scientific analysis and objective assessment of why Islam is given priority and the factors that play a big role in its adoption.
THE CONQUEST OF THE TENIR TOO BY RUSSIA AND THE FIRST STEPS OF COLONIAL POLICY
Authors: Chodoldoeva G.J. , Asipbaeva M.B.
Published: March 2022

This article discusses the accession of the Kyrgyz Tekir Too to the Russian Empire and the beginning of colonial policy. The process of joining the northern Kyrgyz tribes to Russia did not happen only peacefully. The Russian authorities were opposed to алыmetals, Turgeldi batyr and Osmon Datki.
SUBSIDENCE OF SOILS IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors: Asanov А.А. , Rysbekov A.Sh. , Arikbaev K.B.
Published: March 2022

The article provides information about subsidence soils in the Kyrgyz Republic, about their properties and research. A review of the literatures of authors who were engaged in the study of subsidence soils is made. The purpose of identifying collapsible soils is to construct compacted foundations for pile foundations during the construction of construction elements.
FORECASTING THE ENERGY CAPACITY OF CUTTING SOILS CONTAINING STONE INCLUSIONS IN A PROBABLE ASPECT
Authors: Turgumbayev J. J. , Turgunbayev M. S.
Published: March 2022

It has been established that the geometric shapes, sizes of stony inclusions, and their location in the soil massif are stochastic in nature. In the article, on the basis of the known laws of distribution of mineral soil particles is analytically determined, the probabilistic rounded amount of pebble and boulder inclusions of soil. An analytical expression is given to determine the probabilistic energy intensity of cutting soil containing various stony inclusions. Taking into account the probabilistic amount of a stony inclusion is calculated of the i-th size, j-th shape, which progressively moves in different ways when cutting the soil, the energy intensity of cutting the soil with various stony inclusions. A computational analysis of the change in the energy consumption of soil cutting is carried out depending on the size, shape of a rocky inclusion, the type of destruction, strength and rockiness of the soil, by the working body of an earth-moving machine.
UNIFORMLY COMPLETE IN CZECH PARA COMPACTS
Authors: Ablabekova Ch.A.
Published: March 2022

In this article introduced the concept of uniform, pluming paracompact. This theorem about full of Cech paracompact is proved.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEM OF FLOW OF VISCOUS LIQUID THROUGH AN OPEN CHANNEL IN THE FORMULATION OF A NUMERICAL SOLUTION
Authors: Osmonov K.T.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the statistically stationary incompressible flow of a viscous liquid in an open inclined channel of rectangular cross-section with large Reynolds numbers. A threedimensional numerical model with a periodic boundary condition along the axis of the main flow is proposed. Three-layer boundary conditions are placed on the wall and near the channel wall, and on the free surface - conditions of non-zero or zero tangential voltage. To solve the problem, the predictor-corrector schemes of the method of fractional steps by horizontal coordinates with a cosine-oidal spectral function by vertical coordinate are used. A general algorithm for solving the problem with an isoperimetrically optimized cross-section parameter is compiled.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL FOR NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE MOVEMENT OF A VISCOUS LIQUID ON THE ROUNDING OF AN OPEN CHANNEL
Authors: Toktakunov T. , Osmonov K.T.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the statistically stationary flow of a viscous incompressible liquid at the turn of an open inclined channel of a rectangular cross-section with large Reynolds numbers. A three-dimensional numerical model with a periodic boundary condition along the curvilinear axis of the main flow is proposed. Three-layer boundary conditions are placed on the wall and near the channel wall, and zero tangential voltage conditions are placed on the free surface. To solve the problem, the predictor-corrector scheme of the method of fractional steps by horizontal coordinates and with a cosine-oidal spectral function by vertical coordinate are used. A general algorithm for solving the problem with an isoperimetrically optimized cross-section parameter is compiled.
RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS
Authors: Sherbekova A.A. , Atakhodzhaev Sh.Kh. , Abdyldaeva U.M. , Kurbanbaev A.K.
Published: March 2022

The article reveals the need for risk management in the implementation of investment and construction projects. The issues of risk management, risk classification, risk management mechanism of construction organizations are considered. The main approaches to risk management in the implementation of investment projects are discussed. Disclosed issues on objects and subjects of investment project management. The object of research is the risks of projects. The subject of the research is the risk management system. The purpose of the study is to reveal the need for and develop a risk management system. The methods of scientific knowledge were used: synthesis, abstraction, deduction, etc., due to the systemic principles of research.
IMPACT OF COVID 19 ON THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors: Sherbekova A.A. , Ryspaeva A.S.
Published: March 2022

This article analyzes the results of the impact of Covid 19 on the financial system of the Kyrgyz Republic. The analysis of the revenues and expenditures of the state budget, the state of the state debt of the Kyrgyz Republic according to the data of the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic, summarized the main negative trends in the financial system of the country. Based on the analysis of financial policy measures used in foreign countries to reduce and smooth the impact of Covid-19 on the financial system, recommendations for the conduct of sound financial policy in conditions of proliferation of Covid-19 are formulated.
Pengembangan Pelabuhan Mattoanging Dalam Mendukung Pengembangan Wilayah Sekitarnya
Authors: Djaenuddin Dzulfadhly , Manaf Murshal , Aksa Kamran
Published: March 2022

Abstrak: Potensi dari sektor pertanian kabupaten bantaeng untuk komuditas padi, jagung, bawang merah, kentang, kubis, petsei dan wortel telah memiliki nilai yang cukup untuk memenuhi kabupaten sendiri dan wilayah lainnya. Untuk Kabupaten Jeneponto potensi dari sektor pertanian yang telah memiliki nilai nilai yang cukup untuk memenuhi kabupaten sendiri dan wilayah lainnya yaitu komuditas jagung, dan garam,. Sementara untuk Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar dari sektor pertanian belum memiliki nilai yang cukup untuk memenuhi wilayahnya tetapi memiliki potensi perikanan yang cukup untuk memenuhi kabupaten sendiri dan wilayah lainnya. Perlunya mengembangkan pelabuhan Matoanging dengan menambah ktersedian fasilitas dikarenakan adanya potensi dari wilayah tersebut, dimana peran pelabuhan dalam hal ini ialah menjadi salah satu pintu masuk dan keluar kebutuhan dalam perdagangan , dan menjadi suatu alat transportasi yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan wilayah.
Abstract.The potential of the Bantaeng district agricultural sector for rice, maize, onion, potato, cabbage, chinese cabbage and carrots has sufficient value to meet the district itself and other regions. For Jeneponto Regency, the potential of the agricultural sector which already has a value sufficient to fulfill its own district and other regions, namely corn and salt commodities. Meanwhile, for the Selayar Islands Regency, the agricultural sector does not have sufficient value to fulfill its territory but has sufficient fishery potential to fulfill its own district and other regions. The need to develop Matoanging Port by increasing the availability of facilities is due to the potential of the area, where the role of the port in this case is to become one of the entry and exit points for trade needs, and to become a means of transportation used to develop the region.
Evaluasi Pengelolan Persampahan Di Kota Enrekan Kabupeten Enrekang
Authors: Rifaldi Rezky , Syafri Syafri , Yahya Ilham
Published: March 2022

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui serta evaluasi penegelolaan persampahan yang berada di Kota Enrekang Kabupaten Enrekang.
Variabel yang digunakan terdiri dari 5 diantaranya: (X1) Pewadahan; (X2) Pengumpulan; (X3) Pengangkutan; (X4) Pembuangan Akhir; (Y) Teknik Operasional. Metode analisis yang digunakan berupa analisis dekriptif, dengan menggambarkan atau menguraikan secara jelas kondisi yang terjadi dilokasi penelitian berdasarkan ketentuan-ketentuan teknik pengelolaan sampah yang ada.
Diketahui bahwa beberapa variabel sumber pewadahan, pengumpulan, pengangkutan, penmbuangan akhir (TPA).  Dimana dari hasil analisis yang diperoleh dimana terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya pengeloaan persampahan di Kota Enrekang dari aspek operasinal karena kondisi pengelolaan persampahan di Kota Enrekang dari segi kualitas dan kuantitas infratsruktur serta segi aspek non infrastruktur masih belum memadai, hal ini disebabkan karena kondisi wilayah Kota Enrekang yang cukup luas dengan kondisi geografis yang bergunung sehingga sangat sulit untuk mengelolah persampahan.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate solid waste management in Enrekang City, Enrekang Regency.
The variables used consisted of 5 including: (X1) storage; (X2) Collection; (X3) Transportation; (X4) Final Disposal; (Y) Operational Engineering. The analytical method used is in the form of descriptive analysis, by describing or describing clearly the conditions that occur in the research location based on the provisions of existing waste management techniques.
It is known that several variables are source of container, collection, transportation, and final disposal (TPA). Where from the results of the analysis obtained, there are several factors that influence the low level of solid waste management in Enrekang City from the operational aspect due to the condition of waste management in Enrekang City in terms of quality and quantity of infrastructure as well as inadequate aspects of non-infrastructure, this is due to the condition of the City area. Enrekang is quite large with mountainous geographical
Laicismo y secularización en la filosofía del joven Hegel
Authors: Gallardo León Ernesto
Published: March 2022

El ensayo expone las diferencias que el joven Hegel hace entre laicismo y secularización, en especial en el texto de La positividad de la religión cristiana, escrito en el período en que Hegel vivió en Berna. Los dos conceptos permiten comprender los actuales fenómenos de religión y política, sobre todo en el adelgazamiento del proyecto político del Estado nación y la compleja red de problemas que enfrentamos en la secularización de la naturaleza y del Dios cristiano.
Entrevista a Mario Vargas Llosa
Authors: Fonseca Gálvez Aurora
Published: March 2022

Entrevista a Mario Vargas Llosa.
A Critique of the Capital Market Content in Nigerian Real Estate Education
Authors: Onwuanyi N. , Adekanmi A.
Published: March 2022

The Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) is taking on an increasing relevance for the Nigerian estate surveyor and valuer as it grows in capitalization and sophistication. This can be seen in the NSE’s second-largest status in sub-Saharan Africa, the introduction of property securitization and the listing of property companies. Since these changes have implications for the valuer’s professional practice, they necessitate an evaluation of the real estate training curriculum. The capital market content of real estate education in Nigeria is examined in this paper by assessing the knowledge held by recent graduates of estate management. A questionnaire founded on a checklist of pertinent issues which realistically depict a working knowledge of Nigeria’s much improved stock market was used to collect data. This was analyzed by simple descriptive tools to provide a basis for evaluation. The results point to a scanty curriculum. In addition, there is a low awareness of the administrative and economic functions of the NSE. Furthermore, respondents have a poor understanding of core issues in equity investment analysis. Again, there is an inadequate grasp of the relationship between the two investment alternatives, although a majority rightly credit property as a better option. Lastly, respondents mainly do not consider an understanding of the market as relevant to their professional function in a modern economy. The study concludes that the demonstrated knowledge of respondents suggests that the curriculum does not have adequate content on the capital market. It is, therefore, recommended that the capital market content of the estate management course be enriched with more depth and detail which adequately reflect the increasing significance of the market to the valuer’s practice and his true role as an investment adviser in an increasingly financially interconnected world.
Gemmology and Gupta Period: Context of Precious Stones Industry in Ancient India
Authors: Farida B. S.
Published: March 2022

India has always been rich in its natural resources and its products. All these rich resources offered scope for a large number of industries, handicrafts and many other professions [I]. Likewise, industrial works and other economic professions were encouraged during the Gupta period also since raw materials were abundant for industries. Gemstone is a piece of mineral crystal that in cut and polished form is used to make jewellery or other adornments. One of the most ancient Industries of India was the precious stone Industry which includes diamonds, pearls, ruby and emerald among many others. The Guptas were also skilled in craftsmanship. They got the credit for organizing the technical skill of the craftsmen under royal supervision and inducing them to be enterprising in their trade. They inherited the fine craftsmanship of the Indians from an earlier period [II]. The science of testing gems was so perfected in India in this period as to arouse the admiration of the later European travellers of the 16th century. In the Kamasutra ruparatnapariksha (testing and valuing of precious stones etc.) are included in the list of sixty-four arts [III]. The jewellers [IV] used scales and touchstones for weighing and testing the quality and quantity of stones and metals. Such a high level of culture and the enhanced standard of living of the rich were impossible without a well developed urbanization and trade network. It is a fact from the Gupta period, trade had started falling on bad days but localized economic formations started taking place. By the time of this period, the trade become luxury oriented, a fact attested by the frequency of references to such items in the Brihatsamhita and many other ancient Sanskrit literature [V].
Estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos enfermeiros diante do stress no gerenciamento da crise da covid-19
Authors: Straub da Silva Bicalho Cleide , Lessa Beltran Rebeca Iwankiw , Crozeta Figueiredo Karla , Porfírio Souza Gabrielle , Almeida Silva Pol Thaiane
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Descrever as principais estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos enfermeiros durante o enfrentamento da Covid-19. Método: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo transversal, realizado em quatro hospitais, do município de Curitiba-PR, no período de setembro a novembro de 2021. Participaram 34 enfermeiros, que atuaram no enfrentamento da pandemia Covid-19. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de formulário eletrônico online, contendo a caracterização da pesquisa e o questionário “Inventário de Estratégias de Coping”. O projeto de pesquisa foi avaliado e aprovado Pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de Curitiba (Parecer: 4.693.343; CAAE: 45260421.5.3002.0101). A análise dos dados foi estatística descritiva. Resultados: Observou-se que as principais estratégias de coping utilizadas foram reavaliação positiva, aceitação de responsabilidade e suporte social. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu descrever as principais estratégias de coping, realizadas pelos enfermeiros no enfrentamento à pandemia da Covid-19. Contribuindo, para o avanço das pesquisas sobre estratégias coping com trabalhadores da área da saúde.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF NITROCARBURIZING TREATMENT ON TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AISI 1045 MEDIUM CARBON STEEL
Authors: GHELLOUDJ Elhadj
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the effect of nitrocarburizing treatment on tribological properties of AISI 1045 steel was investigated. This medium carbon steel was used in automotive industry, especially in the manufacture of machine components due to the good mechanical properties and lower cost. Characterization of the surface layer of treated samples was made by optical microscopy (OM), Vickers microhardness test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and pin-on-disk wear machine. Experimental results showed that the surface layers formed through nitrocarburizing processing at 580 °C (compound layer and diffusion zone) increased the microhardness. It was found also that the nitriding treatment reduced the friction coefficient and improved the wear resistance, where the specific wear rate were decreased to 1/9 was noticed after 10 hours of nitriding time.
Low abundant bovine colostrum proteins in combination with amaranth oil reveal topical analgesic activity
Authors: Sagdiev Nail J. , Ziyavitdinov Jamolitdin F. , Berdiev Nodir Sh. , Bozorov Soyib S. , Khudoyberdiev Tohir A. , Olimjonov Shukhratjon S. , Vypova Natalya L. , Asrorov Akmal M.
Published: March 2022

Colostrum is an arsenal of proteins and peptides required at the earliest stage of a newborn development. Proteins involved in all biological processes of an infant development have been found in its composition. It is expected as cost-effective source of biologically active proteins and peptides. In this work, we separated water-alcohol-soluble low abundant proteins from bovine colostrum in preparative amounts that were further utilized in combination with amaranth oil for topical cream composition. The ratio of the obtained proteins’ fraction made a thousandth of the colostrum dry mass. The partial sequences of 37 identified proteins were established by mass-spectrometer and using BLAST search in NCBI database. In our previous work, we established the chemical composition of amaranth seed oil with ~6 % squalene by mass. The physical mixtures of these natural resources were fabricated into cream using hyaluronic acid as moisturizing agent and their analgesic activities were established. The optimal ratio of proteins and oil was determined in terms of their effects as analgesic means by experiments carried out on mice. Several proteins could possibly be responsible for the revealed biological efficacy. Among them, G-protein coupled receptor and synaptotagmin were previously linked with analgesic activity. Establishing an optimum ratio of ingredients proved also the contribution of higher quantity of amaranth oil, a rich source of squalene and unsaturated fatty acids.
Prima del 1054: centri e periferie, universitalitá e particolaritá nel diritto della chiesa al tempo di San Simeone di Siracusa Treviri (1035)
Authors: Condorelli Orazio
Published: March 2022

San Simeone fu un monaco bizantino di origine siciliana che concluse la propria vita a Treviri, dove la sua memoria è venerata dall’anno della sua morte (1035).
La storia della sua vita mostra l’intensità dei processi di comunicazione tra la Chiesa
latina e la Chiesa bizantina agli inizi del secolo XI, ed è presa come il punto di inizio di uno studio sulla configurazione del sistema giuridico della Chiesa latina tra la
fine del primo Millennio e i primi decenni del secondo. La ricerca concentra quindi
l’attenzione sull’esperienza istituzionale della «Chiesa imperiale», articolata intorno ai
due poli dell’impero e del papato. L’ideale ecclesiologico e politico di collaborazione
fra potere civile e potere ecclesiastico trovò esplicazione nelle iniziative di riforma
ecclesiastica promosse da imperatori come Enrico II ed Enrico III e sostenute da
alcuni fra i migliori Pontefici della prima metà del secolo XI. Alcune collezioni canoniche della prima metà del secolo XI si impegnarono nello sforzo di selezionare e
coordinare le fonti del diritto canonico al fine di assecondare i propositi di riforma
della vita ecclesiale.
Las constituciones de los Sínodos convocados por el Obispo de Ourense Don Juan de San Clemente (1587-1587)
Authors: González García Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2022

La historia sinodal de Ourense ha tenido en el canónigo Duro Peña su principal historiador que en el Synodicon hispanum publicó el texto e información de los
Sínodos más antiguos. Del obispo Don Juan de San Clemente (1578-1587) que luego
sería arzobispo de Santiago, no se conocían los textos sinodales de los 5 Sínodos
que reunió en Ourense, no se imprimieron, pero se mandaron copiar en los libros
de Visita de las Parroquias, pero son raros los libros que se conservan del siglo XVI,
por lo que han pasado desconocidos. Hemos localizado en distintas parroquias los
mandatos de los Sínodos celebrados los años 1579, 1582, 1583, 1584 y 1586, que en
sus determinaciones suman una normativa de reformas y comportamientos que en
otros casos serian el resultado de un único Sínodo. Al ser inéditos enriquecen mucho
esta historia y son de gran interés para conocer mejor la vida religiosa de la Diócesis de Ourense en un momento muy particular como es el postconcilio de Trento.
El resumen de C.33 según "In prima parte agitur"
Authors: Larrainzar Carlos J.
Published: March 2022

Este estudio ofrece la edición crítica del pasaje de la obra In prima parte agitur
dedicado a C.33 junto con su stemma codicum y el análisis ecdótico que justifica la
elección de lecturas. También se resumen con orden los criterios metódicos de la
edición, de valor general, y se añaden unas conclusiones sobre los resultados útiles
para una mejor comprensión de la formación del Decretum vulgatum de Graciano
La formación del matrimonio según el Códice Sg = Sankt Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek 673 pp. 166-169
Authors: León Enrique de
Published: March 2022

En C.27 q.2 (C.25 q.2 en Sg) se contiene el concepto de matrimonio, y por ese
motivo, he seleccionado tres puntos concretos de esa Causa para estudiar la definición que del matrimonio dan, por una parte, el manuscrito 673 de la Stiftsbibliothek
de Sankt Gallen, y por otra el bloque de los códices Aa Fd edF (= edición de Emil
Friedberg), sustancialmente coincidentes entre sí, a excepción de las paleae: C.27 q.2
c.4, c.7, c.8, c.18, c.51, que sólo se encuentran en edF. A partir de este estudio comparado veremos cómo ha sido la evolución de la teoría canónica del matrimonio a
través de dichos manuscritos y verificaremos si Sg se encuentra en una etapa anterior
al bloque Aa Fd o si por el contrario es posterior y/o contemporaneo a edF. El resultado final nos muestra en Sg, un material muy antiguo que no creemos que pueda
hacerse derivar de los otros códices aquí considerados: Aa Fd, y por eso, afirmar que
Aa Fd son técnica y doctrinalmente menos evolucionados que Sg es sencillamente
anacrónico a la vista de los datos mostrados
Una Constitución del Sínodo de 1287, celebrado por el Obispo de Urgenn, Pedro de Urtx
Authors: Marquès Sala Benito
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo da cuenta del hallazgo de una constitución promulgada por
Pedro de Urtx, obispo de Urgell, en el sínodo que celebró en 1287. Jaime Villanueva
había aludido a dicha constitución, pero no la edita entre las constituciones de dicho
sínodo. Francisco Cantelar, en el Synodicon hispanum, dice que hay una clara alusión
a esta constitución en el sínodo de Arnaldo de Lordato de 19 de octubre de 1328, pero
afirma que dicha constitución no se encuentra entre los manuscritos que recogen las
constituciones del sínodo de 1287. Se plantea, además, si dicha constitución es una
constitución sinodal o episcopal. A todos estos interrogantes da respuesta el hallazgo
de dicha constitución en un pergamino de la canónica de Guissona (Segarra) que
aquí publicamos
Clérigos minoristas o "Graderos" en la Corona de Castilla a través del Synodicum Hispanum
Authors: Martín M José Luis
Published: March 2022

En este trabajo se estudia el papel de los eclesiásticos con órdenes menores en
la sociedad castellana bajomedieval y renacentista. Analizamos la importancia numérica de los minoristas, los sistemas de incorporación a las estructuras eclesiásticas,
las funciones que desempeñaban en las instituciones y la diversidad de campos, en
ocasiones modestos, pero en otras relevantes, en que se constata su presencia. Tomamos como base la abundante información sobre el tema del Synodicon Hispanum y la contrastamos con otras fuentes de distinto tipo.
Adagia en la Compilación Antigua I, Libro IV
Authors: Pérez de Heredia y Valle Ignacio
Published: March 2022

La Glosa Ordinaria a la Compilación I Antigua fue compuesta en 1215 por el
canonista Tancredo de Bolonia (+1236). Los Adagia, referidos al matrimonio y entresacados del libro IV de la Compilación, en ocasiones, pueden ser argumentos con los
que se justifica y razona la doctrina utilizada por el Papa en sus decisiones, otras son
la consecuencia de las mismas, sacadas y sintetizadas por el glosador. Este artículo es
un análisis del significado y una reflexión sobre el valor de estas auténticas síntesis
jurídicas.
Propuestas para facilitar el matrimonio canónico entre católicos y protestantes formuladas por los episcopados chileno y argentino al iniciarse la codificación del Derecho Canónico de 1917
Authors: Salinas Araneda Carlos
Published: March 2022

El año 1904, poco después de iniciar su pontificado, el Papa Pío X dispuso la
confección del primer Código de Derecho Canónico que ha tenido la Iglesia católica
el que fue promulgado en 1917. Para ello, se solicitó a todos los obispos que sugirieren las reformas que convenía introducir al derecho canónico vigente. Dos episcopados latinoamericanos, el argentino y el chileno, propusieron que se modificaran las
exigencias puestas por el derecho canónico universal para la celebración de matrimonios entre católicos y protestantes y, así, facilitar la autorización de los mismos.
Después de situar el tema en su contexto, se estudian las propuestas formuladas y el
destino de la mismas.
ABSTRACT TRANSLATION CONTEST: RELEVANCE AND METHODOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE ON-LINE FORMAT
Authors: Крамная Е.С. , Кириллова Е.Б.
Published: March 2022

Постановка задачи. Чрезвычайные обстоятельства, вызванные пандемией COVID-19, заставили преподавателей модернизировать педагогический процесс, перейти частично на формат дистанционного обучения. Опыт проведения онлайн-конкурсов оказался очень востребованным, так как показал эффективность дистанционной коммуникации и обеспечил процедурную и психологическую готовность к работе в новых условиях. Для данного исследования была поставлена следующая задача: разработать новую систему методического обеспечения онлайн-конкурса реферативного перевода. Результаты. В статье рассматриваются работы отечественных и зарубежных специалистов, посвященные методике и оценке реферативного перевода, также дан анализ существующих стандартов и нормативных документов в области реферирования разного уровня. Научная новизна исследования заключается в комплексном рассмотрении роли реферативного перевода в рамках профессиональной двуязычной коммуникации, а также принципах компетентностного подхода к процессу обработки информации. Выводы. Разработаны методика проведения конкурса реферативного перевода в онлайн-формате и критерии, предъявляемые к качеству реферативного перевода, как продукту процесса переводческого реферирования.

Statement of the problem. The extraordinary circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have set before teachers the task to modernize pedagogical processes to switch partially to distance learning format. The experience of online contests turned out to be very much in demand, as it showed the effectiveness of distance communication and provided procedural and psychological readiness to work in new conditions. The objective of the paper is to develop a new system of methodological tools for on-line contest of abstract translation. Results. The article deals with the works of domestic and foreign experts devoted to methodology and assessment of abstract translation as well as the analysis of existing standards and regulations in the field of rendering at different levels. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive consideration of the role of abstract translation within professional bilingual communication and the principles of competence approach to the process of information processing. Conclusion. The methodology for holding on-line contest of abstract translation has been developed and criteria imposed on the quality of abstract translation as a product of the process of translation rendering.
VERBAL MODELLING OF CITY MEMORY: EVIDENCE FROM CONTENT-ANALYSIS OF MOSCOW AND LONDON MEMORY PLAQUES
Authors: Тивьяева И.В. , Никитина Т.Д.
Published: March 2022

Постановка задачи. Исследование направлено на рассмотрение потенциала языковых форм репрезентации памяти города как источника информации о культурно-историческом образе города. На материале текстов мемориальных табличек Москвы и Лондона демонстрируется возможность выявления национально-культурного моделирования культурно-исторического ландшафта мегаполиса. Результаты. Проведен контент-анализ текстов мемориальных табличек Москвы и Лондона, по итогам которого были определены культурно-исторические кластеры мемориальных текстов, оформленные посредством лексических маркеров. Выявлены, сопоставлены и проинтерпретированы культурные доминанты памяти города, ретранслируемые на вербальном уровне. Выводы. Тексты мемориальных табличек являются языковой формой репрезентации памяти города. Культурные доминанты, выделенные в текстах мемориальных табличек Москвы и Лондона в результате контент-анализа, отражают национально-культурную специфику моделирования культурно-исторического и языкового образа мегаполиса.

Statement of the problem. The study focuses on the potential of verbal forms representing city memory in revealing specifics of the cultural and historic image of the megalopolis. Relying on texts of Moscow and London memory plaques, the research aims to demonstrate national and cultural specifics of modelling the historical landscape of urban areas. Results. Content-analysis of Moscow and London memory plaques revealed a number of specific cultural and historic clusters represented in memorial texts and objectified via recurrent lexical markers. The obtained data allowed identifying, comparing and contextualizing culture dominants of city memory manifested on the verbal level. Conclusion. Texts of memorial plaques serve as a verbal form of representing city memory. Culture dominants identified in texts of Moscow and London memory plaques as a result of applying the content-analysis procedure reflect national specifics of modelling historical and linguacultural image of the megalopolis.
Game-Based STEM Module Development for KSSM Science Teachers
Authors: Farihah Mohd Jamel , Norawi Ali Mohd , Jahan Ahmad Nur
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted to identify the needs and specifications of a STEM Module based on a game approach in teaching science for lower secondary school students. In this study, the needs analysis was carried out on purposively selected science teachers from different schools in the northern district of Kedah, Malaysia. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews based on the purposive sampling of 7 science teachers. The qualitative data obtained from the interview sessions with the teachers were analyzed into specific themes. Three major themes were identified, namely: (1). The requirement of resources and teaching materials to motivate Science teaching (2) The suitability of game-based teaching approaches in teaching KSSM Science and (3) The characteristics of the required modules. The analysis of the findings shows that the Game Based STEM module has a great potential to be developed for the use of science teachers in making active and motivating science learning among secondary school students. Apartfrom the three main themes identified, suggestions and specifications derived from interviews with the teachers would give us useful information for developing the contents for the module. The teachers need appropriate modules for because they lack effective and relevant resource materials with the latest content in addition to lack of time to prepare them themselves due to the latest curriculum changes. The findings can be used for designing and developing the module in a subsequent study.