bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Content of Goal-Directed Self-Talk in Volitional Processes
Authors: Fritsch Julian , Latinjak Alexander T.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine the content of goal-directed self-talk in volitional processes. To this end, 96 athletes completed a computerized booklet on goal-directed self-talk that they used when they were in a state of demotivation. Using qualitative analyses, we classified the text units firstly deductively in seven primary categories of goal-directed self-talk and secondly inductively into secondary categories for the primary category “creating positive attitudes for the future.” Overall, athletes in a state of demotivation use mainly goal-directed self-talk to create positive attitudes for the future, to control cognitions and behavior, and to create activated states. Furthermore, self-talk to create positive attitudes for the future includes self-talk statements aimed at upregulating confidence, motivational regulation, both intrinsic and extrinsic, and goal orientation, both task- and ego-oriented. The results may contribute to a better theoretical understanding of how goal-directed self-talk is related to athletes’ volitional processes.
Emotionsverarbeitung und ihre Veränderung in der Therapie depressiver Symptome
Authors: Brintzinger Miriam , Reicherts Michael , Tschacher Wolfgang , Endtner Katrin , Znoj Hansjörg , Pfammatter Mario
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Störungen der Emotionsverarbeitung gelten als transdiagnostisches Merkmal psychischer Probleme. Mit dem Modell „Emotionale Offenheit“ liegt ein Konzept vor, das therapierelevante Komponenten der Emotionsverarbeitung operationalisiert und mit Hilfe eines validierten Instruments (Dimensionen der Offenheit für Emotionen, DOE) erfasst. Fragestellung: Untersucht wird, ob bei depressiven Symptomen problematische Muster im DOE aufscheinen, sich diese in einer Psychotherapie verändern und mit einer Verringerung der Symptome verbunden sind. Methode: DOE und Symptombelastung wurden in einer klinischen Feldstudie erhoben. Mittels Prä-Post-Vergleichen und multiplen Regressionsanalysen wurden Zusammenhänge untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die erfassten Dimensionen der Emotionsverarbeitung waren mit den Symptomindikatoren assoziiert. Die ambulante psychotherapeutische Behandlung ging mit einer Zunahme der Repräsentation, Kommunikation und Regulation von Emotionen sowie mit einer Verringerung der Wahrnehmung körperlicher Emotionsindikatoren einher. Dieses Verlaufsmuster war mit einer Reduktion der depressiven Symptome verknüpft. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Untersuchung von Problemen der Emotionsverarbeitung über verschiedene Modelle hinaus kann zur Entwicklung personalisierter, transdiagnostischer psychotherapeutischer Strategien beitragen.
Kita- und Grundschulkinder lernen zusammen
Authors: Kordulla Agnes
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Kinderperspektiven auf Peer-Learning Prozesse ist das Ziel dieser Studie, zentrale Faktoren zu identifizieren, die bei der Planung und Gestaltung altersgemischter Lernsettings berücksichtigt werden müssen, um Kindern optimale Lernbedingungen am Schulanfang zu ermöglichen. Mittels eines methodentriangulierten Designs wurden Peer-Interaktionen von Kita- und Grundschulkindern in institutionenübergreifenden Lernwerkstätten videogestützt beobachtet. Identifizierte Schlüsselszenen bildeten via Videorecall die Grundlage für die Befragung der Kinder.
Einstellungen pädagogischer Fachkräfte zu anregenden Interaktionen in Kindertagesstätten
Authors: Luthardt Jasmin , Bormann Inka , Hildebrandt Frauke
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung. Wie eine pädagogische Fachkraft mit den Kindern interagiert und sie damit in ihrer Entwicklung unterstützt, hängt maßgeblich davon ab, wie sie lernanregenden Interaktionen gegenüber eingestellt ist. Diese Einstellungen werden im Beitrag mit sogenannten cognitive-affective maps (CAMs) erfasst. Zur Erstellung der CAMs wurden leitfadengestützte Interviews mit pädagogischen Fachkräften ( N = 18) aus sechs verschiedenen Einrichtungen analysiert. Die CAMs zeigen, dass die befragten Fachkräfte hauptsächlich auf sozial-emotionale Aspekte von Interaktionen rekurrieren und ihre täglichen Interaktionen mit den Kindern selbst positiv bewerten. Konkretes Wissen zu lernanregenden Interaktionsformaten benennen sie hingegen kaum. Ein Vergleich der Einstellungen der Fachkräfte deutet auf teamspezifische Besonderheiten hin. In einigen Einrichtungen sind die Einstellungen der Fachkräfte deutlich homogener als in anderen. Die Ergebnisse werden in ihrer Bedeutung für Fortbildungsangebote diskutiert und CAMs als gewinnbringende Methode zur Eruierung teamspezifischer Fortbildungsbedarfe und als Fortbildungsmethode selbst vorgeschlagen.
The Perceived Occupational Stress Scale
Authors: Marcatto Francesco , Di Blas Lisa , Luis Ornella , Festa Simone , Ferrante Donatella
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This article aims to present the development and test the psychometric properties of the Perceived Occupational Stress (POS) scale, a new brief instrument aimed at rating a worker’s perception of feeling stressed at work. Six studies are conducted on an overall sample of 1,805 Italian workers, to examine both the construct and concurrent validity of the POS scale. The results demonstrate the high internal consistency (α = .82) and test-retest reliability ( r = .86) of the POS scale, as well as its structural validity and concurrent validity with the Maslach Burnout Inventory ( r = .68 with Emotional Exhaustion) and the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire ( r = .62 with Imbalance and r = .51 with Overcommitment). Moreover, the POS scale is determined to uniquely contribute toward predicting stress-related health complaints, over and above indicators of workplace stressors, as measured by the Health and Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator Tool ( R2change = .06). Overall, the present findings indicate that the POS scale is a valid and reliable instrument for self-reporting occupational stress levels, and it could be used together with existing risk assessment measures of stress, to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of work-related stress.
Domestic Violence During the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chatzifotiou Sevaste , Andreadou Despoina
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Domestic violence against women by their partners is a form of gender-based violence, and it has been recognized as a major social issue worldwide. Under the framework of feminist empowerment theory, we investigated the experiences and coping behaviors of 15 abused women from northern Greece during the COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis. We conducted a qualitative study, utilizing in-depth interviews that were analyzed via content analysis. Our findings highlight the women's coping strategies, such as raising consciousness, being more aware of the situation, establishing safety plans, increasing self-confidence, and eventually reclaiming control of their lives. Our study allows educators, researchers, policy makers, and other women to learn lessons about dealing with violence in times of crisis, and for social welfare professionals to become more effective in meeting the needs of women in similar situations in the future.
Rapidly Increasing Chance of Record-Shattering Heat Extremes
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: August 2021

A new study warns that we need to expect and prepare for unprecedented heat waves in the near future.
The Lunar Mare Ring‐Moat Dome Structure (RMDS) Age Conundrum: Contemporaneous With Imbrian‐Aged Host Lava Flows or Emplaced in the Copernican?
Authors: Zhang Feng , Head James W. , Wöhler Christian , Basilevsky Alexander T. , Wilson Lionel , Xie Minggang , Bugiolacchi Roberto , Wilhelm Thorsten , Althoff Stephanie , Zou Yong L.
Published: August 2021

Ring‐moat dome structures (RMDSs) are small circular mounds of diameter typically about 200 m and ∼3–4 m in height, surrounded by narrow, shallow moats. They occur in clusters, are widespread in ancient Imbrian‐aged mare basalt host units and show mineralogies comparable to those of their host units. Based on these close associations and similarities, a model has been proposed for the formation of RMDS as the result of late‐stage flow inflation, with second boiling releasing quantities of magmatic volatiles that migrate to the top of the flow as magmatic foams and extrude through cracks in the cooled upper part of the flow to produce the small RMDS domes and surrounding moats. In contrast to this model advocating a contemporaneous emplacement of RMDSs and their host lava flows, a range of observations suggests that the RMDS formed significantly after the emplacement and cooling of their host lava flows, perhaps as recently as in the Copernican Period (∼1.1 Ga to the present). These observations include: (a) stratigraphic embayment of domes into post‐lava flow emplacement impact craters; (b) young crater degradation age estimates for the underlying embayed craters; (c) regolith development models that predict thicknesses in excess of the observed topography of domes and moats; (d) landform diffusional degradation models that predict very young ages for mounds and moats; (e) suggestions of fewer superposed craters on the mounds than on the adjacent host lava flows, and (f) observations of superposed craters that suggest that the mound substrate does not have the properties predicted by the magmatic foam model. Together, these observations are consistent with the RMDS formation occurring during the period after the extrusion and solidification of the host lava flows, up to and including the geologically recent Late Copernican, that is, the last few hundreds of millions of years of lunar history. We present and discuss each of these contradictory data and interpretations and summarize the requirements for magma ascent and eruption models that might account for young RMDS ages. We conclude with a discussion of the tests and future research and exploration that might help resolve the RMDS age and mode of emplacement conundrum.
Spatiotemporal Methane Emission From Global Reservoirs
Authors: Johnson Matthew S. , Matthews Elaine , Bastviken David , Deemer Bridget , Du Jinyang , Genovese Vanessa
Published: August 2021

Inland aquatic systems, such as reservoirs, contribute substantially to global methane (CH4) emissions; yet are among the most uncertain components of the total CH4 budget. Reservoirs have received recent attention as they may generate high CH4 fluxes. Improved quantification of these CH4 fluxes, particularly their spatiotemporal distribution, is key to realistically incorporating them in CH4 modeling and budget studies. Here we report on a new global, gridded (0.25° lat × 0.25° lon) study of reservoir CH4 emissions, accounting for new knowledge regarding reservoir areal extent and distribution, and spatiotemporal emission patterns influenced by diurnal variability, temperature‐dependent seasonality, satellite‐derived freeze‐thaw dynamics, and eco‐climatic zone. The results of this new data set comprise daily CH4 emissions throughout the full annual cycle and show that reservoirs cover 297 × 103 km2 globally and emit 10.1 Tg CH4 yr−1 (1σ uncertainty range of 7.2–12.9 Tg CH4 yr−1) from diffusive (1.2 Tg CH4 yr−1) and ebullitive (8.9 Tg CH4 yr−1) emission pathways. This analysis of reservoir CH4 emission addresses multiple gaps and uncertainties in previous studies and represents an important contribution to studies of the global CH4 budget. The new data sets and methodologies from this study provide a framework to better understand and model the current and future role of reservoirs in the global CH4 budget and to guide efforts to mitigate reservoir‐related CH4 emissions.
TRAIP modulates the IGFBP3/AKT pathway to enhance the invasion and proliferation of osteosarcoma by promoting KANK1 degradation
Authors: Li Mi , Wu Wei , Deng Sisi , Shao Zengwu , Jin Xin
Published: August 2021

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignancies in bones and is characterized by high metastatic rates. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) derived from solid tumors can give rise to metastatic lesions, increasing the risk of death in patients with cancer. Here, we used bioinformatics tools to compare the gene expression between CTCs and metastatic lesions in osteosarcoma to identify novel molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma metastasis. We identified TRAIP as a key differentially expressed gene with prognostic significance in osteosarcoma. We demonstrated that TRAIP regulated the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, we found that TRAIP promoted KANK1 polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation, downregulating IGFBP3 and activating the AKT pathway in osteosarcoma cells. These results support the critical role of the TRAIP/KANK1/IGFBP3/AKT signaling axis in osteosarcoma progression and suggest that TRAIP may represent a promising therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Thresholds of temperature change for mass extinctions
Authors: Song Haijun , Kemp David B. , Tian Li , Chu Daoliang , Song Huyue , Dai Xu
Published: August 2021

Climate change is a critical factor affecting biodiversity. However, the quantitative relationship between temperature change and extinction is unclear. Here, we analyze magnitudes and rates of temperature change and extinction rates of marine fossils through the past 450 million years (Myr). The results show that both the rate and magnitude of temperature change are significantly positively correlated with the extinction rate of marine animals. Major mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic can be linked to thresholds in climate change (warming or cooling) that equate to magnitudes >5.2 °C and rates >10 °C/Myr. The significant relationship between temperature change and extinction still exists when we exclude the five largest mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic. Our findings predict that a temperature increase of 5.2 °C above the pre-industrial level at present rates of increase would likely result in mass extinction comparable to that of the major Phanerozoic events, even without other, non-climatic anthropogenic impacts.
NK cells in hypoxic skin mediate a trade-off between wound healing and antibacterial defence
Authors: Sobecki Michal , Krzywinska Ewelina , Nagarajan Shunmugam , Audigé Annette , Huỳnh Khanh , Zacharjasz Julian , Debbache Julien , Kerdiles Yann , Gotthardt Dagmar , Takeda Norihiko , Fandrey Joachim , Sommer Lukas , Sexl Veronika , Stockmann Christian
Published: August 2021

During skin injury, immune response and repair mechanisms have to be coordinated for rapid skin regeneration and the prevention of microbial infections. Natural Killer (NK) cells infiltrate hypoxic skin lesions and Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) mediate adaptation to low oxygen. We demonstrate that mice lacking the Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α isoform in NK cells show impaired release of the cytokines Interferon (IFN)-γ and Granulocyte Macrophage - Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) as part of a blunted immune response. This accelerates skin angiogenesis and wound healing. Despite rapid wound closure, bactericidal activity and the ability to restrict systemic bacterial infection are impaired. Conversely, forced activation of the HIF pathway supports cytokine release and NK cell-mediated antibacterial defence including direct killing of bacteria by NK cells despite delayed wound closure. Our results identify, HIF-1α in NK cells as a nexus that balances antimicrobial defence versus global repair in the skin.
A curated dataset of modern and ancient high-coverage shotgun human genomes
Authors: Maisano Delser Pierpaolo , Jones Eppie R. , Hovhannisyan Anahit , Cassidy Lara , Pinhasi Ron , Manica Andrea
Published: August 2021

Over the last few years, genome-wide data for a large number of ancient human samples have been collected. Whilst datasets of captured SNPs have been collated, high coverage shotgun genomes (which are relatively few but allow certain types of analyses not possible with ascertained captured SNPs) have to be reprocessed by individual groups from raw reads. This task is computationally intensive. Here, we release a dataset including 35 whole-genome sequenced samples, previously published and distributed worldwide, together with the genetic pipeline used to process them. The dataset contains 72,041,355 sites called across 19 ancient and 16 modern individuals and includes sequence data from four previously published ancient samples which we sequenced to higher coverage (10–18x). Such a resource will allow researchers to analyse their new samples with the same genetic pipeline and directly compare them to the reference dataset without re-processing published samples. Moreover, this dataset can be easily expanded to increase the sample distribution both across time and space.
A dataset on affiliation of venture capitalists in China between 2000 and 2016
Authors: Chen Jin , Chen Tianyuan , Song Yifei , Hao Bin , Ma Ling
Published: August 2021

Prior literature emphasizes the distinct roles of differently affiliated venture capitalists (VCs) in nurturing innovation and entrepreneurship. Although China has become the second largest VC market in the world, the unavailability of high-quality datasets on VC affiliation in China’s market hinders such research efforts. To fill up this important gap, we compiled a new panel dataset of VC affiliation in China’s market from multiple data sources. Specifically, we drew on a list of 6,553 VCs that have invested in China between 2000 and 2016 from CVSource database, collected VC’s shareholder information from public sources, and developed a multi-stage procedure to label each VC as the following types: GVC (public agency-affiliated, state-owned enterprise-affiliated), CVC (corporate VC), IVC (independent VC), BVC (bank-affiliated VC), FVC (financial/non-bank-affiliated VC), UVC (university endowment/spin-out unit), and PenVC (pension-affiliated VC). We also denoted whether a VC has foreign background. This dataset helps researchers conduct more nuanced investigations into the investment behaviors of different VCs and their distinct impacts on innovation and entrepreneurship in China’s context.
Volcanic activity sparks the Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Qu Weizheng , Huang Fei , Zhao Jinping , Du Ling , Cao Yong
Published: August 2021

The parasol effect of volcanic dust and aerosol caused by volcanic eruption results in the deepening and strengthening of the Arctic vortex system, thus stimulating or strengthening the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Three of the strongest AOs in more than a century have been linked to volcanic eruptions. Every significant fluctuation of the AO index (AOI = ΔH_middle latitudes − ΔH_Arctic) for many years has been associated with a volcanic eruption. Volcanic activity occurring at different locations in the Arctic vortex circulation will exert different effects on the polar vortex.
Gamma-irradiated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, OZG-38.61.3, confers protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in human ACEII-transgenic mice
Authors: Turan Raife Dilek , Tastan Cihan , Dilek Kancagi Derya , Yurtsever Bulut , Sir Karakus Gozde , Ozer Samed , Abanuz Selen , Cakirsoy Didem , Tumentemur Gamze , Demir Sevda , Seyis Utku , Kuzay Recai , Elek Muhammer , Kocaoglu Miyase Ezgi , Ertop Gurcan , Arbak Serap , Acikel Elmas Merve , Hemsinlioglu Cansu , Hatirnaz Ng Ozden , Akyoney Sezer , Sahin Ilayda , Kayhan Cavit Kerem , Tokat Fatma , Akpinar Gurler , Kasap Murat , Kocagoz Ayse Sesin , Ozbek Ugur , Telci Dilek , Sahin Fikrettin , Yalcin Koray , Ratip Siret , Ince Umit , Ovali Ercument
Published: August 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused the most severe pandemic around the world, and vaccine development for urgent use became a crucial issue. Inactivated virus formulated vaccines such as Hepatitis A and smallpox proved to be reliable approaches for immunization for prolonged periods. In this study, a gamma-irradiated inactivated virus vaccine does not require an extra purification process, unlike the chemically inactivated vaccines. Hence, the novelty of our vaccine candidate (OZG-38.61.3) is that it is a non-adjuvant added, gamma-irradiated, and intradermally applied inactive viral vaccine. Efficiency and safety dose (either 1013 or 1014 viral RNA copy per dose) of OZG-38.61.3 was initially determined in BALB/c mice. This was followed by testing the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the vaccine. Human ACE2-encoding transgenic mice were immunized and then infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus for the challenge test. This study shows that vaccinated mice have lowered SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA copy numbers both in oropharyngeal specimens and in the histological analysis of the lung tissues along with humoral and cellular immune responses, including the neutralizing antibodies similar to those shown in BALB/c mice without substantial toxicity. Subsequently, plans are being made for the commencement of Phase 1 clinical trial of the OZG-38.61.3 vaccine for the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluation of genotype by environment interaction and adaptability in lowland irrigated rice hybrids for grain yield under high temperature
Authors: Senguttuvel P. , Sravanraju N. , Jaldhani V. , Divya B. , Beulah P. , Nagaraju P. , Manasa Y. , Prasad A. S. Hari , Brajendra P. , Gireesh C. , Anantha M. S. , Suneetha K. , Sundaram R. M. , Madhav M. Sheshu , Tuti M. D. , Subbarao L. V. , Neeraja C. N. , Bhadana V. P. , Rao P. R. , Voleti S. R. , Subrahmanyam D.
Published: August 2021

Recent predictions on climate change indicate that high temperature episodes are expected to impact rice production and productivity worldwide. The present investigation was undertaken to assess the yield stability of 72 rice hybrids and their parental lines across three temperature regimes over two consecutive dry seasons using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) stability model analysis. The combined ANOVA revealed that genotype × environment interaction (GEI) were significant due to the linear component for most of the traits studied. The AMMI and GGE biplot explained 57.2% and 69% of the observed genotypic variation for grain yield, respectively. Spikelet fertility was the most affected yield contributing trait and in contrast, plant height and tiller numbers were the least affected traits. In case of spikelet fertility, grain yield and other yield contributing traits, male parent contributed towards heat tolerance of the hybrids compared to the female parent. The parental lines G74 (IR58025B), G83 (IR40750R), G85 (C20R) and hybrids [G21 (IR58025A × KMR3); G3 (APMS6A × KMR3); G57 (IR68897A × KMR3) and G41 (IR79156A × RPHR1005)] were the most stable across the environments for grain yield. They can be considered as potential genotypes for cultivation under high temperature stress after evaluating under multi location trials.
Motivational system modulates brain responses during exploratory decision-making
Authors: Li Chia-Wei , Lin Carol Yeh-Yun , Chang Ting-Ting , Yen Nai-Shing , Tan Danchi
Published: August 2021

Managers face risk in explorative decision-making and those who are better at such decisions can achieve future viability. To understand what makes a manager effective at explorative decision-making requires an analysis of the manager’s motivational characteristics. The behavioral activation/inhibition system (BAS/BIS), fitting the motivational orientation of “approach” or “avoidance,” can affect individual decision-making. However, very little is known about the neural correlates of BAS/BIS orientation and their interrelationship with the mental activity during explorative decision-making. We conducted an fMRI study on 111 potential managers to investigate how the brain responses of explorative decision-making interact with BAS/BIS. Participants were separated into high- and low-performance groups based on the median exploration-score. The low-performance group showed significantly higher BAS than that of the high-performance group, and its BAS had significant negative association with neural networks related to reward-seeking during explorative decision-making. Moreover, the BIS of the low-performance group was negatively correlated with the activation of cerebral regions responding to risk-choice during explorative decision-making. Our finding showed that BAS/BIS was associated with the brain activation during explorative decision-making only in the low-performance group. This study contributed to the understanding of the micro-foundations of strategically relevant decision-making and has an implication for management development.
Fabrication of silver helix microstructures in a large area by a two-photon absorption DLW method
Authors: Tsutsumi Naoto , Takai Yusaku , Kinashi Kenji , Sakai Wataru
Published: August 2021

Large-area helix microstructures intended for metamaterials were fabricated using a negative photoresist, SU-8 using a two photon absorption direct laser writing (TPA-DLW). Two types of helix structures were fabricated. One type is those with no neighboring distance. In this case, compact helix structures with radius of 2.5 and 1.0 μm were fabricated. Another type is those with enough neighboring distance. The helix structures with shorter neighboring distance below 6.0 μm were collapsed, whereas those with longer neighboring distance more than 6.5 μm, free-standing helix structures could successfully be built. To stabilize the fabricated free-standing helix microstructures with a 1 μm radius, circular foundations with a radius of 1.3 μm and elevation angle of 10, 12, or 14° were built in advance. The foundation is useful to avoid collapsing the helix microstructures. Due to the useful foundation, over 18,000 helical structures were fabricated in a large area. The fabricated helical structures were coated with silver using an electroless plating method to produce 3D metallic helix structures. Silver coating was measured using a EDX measurement. The obtained helical structures have the potential for metamaterials to control the handedness of a circularly polarized infrared beam.
An excellent thermostable dual-functionalized 3D fsx-type Cd(ii) MOF for the highly selective detection of Fe3+ ions and ten nitroaromatic explosives
Authors: Wen Gui-Lin , Wu Wei-Ping , Wang Feng-Wu , Liu Dao-Fu , Wang Xiao-Ling , Rong Jie-Wei , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: August 2021

A 3D fsx-type thermostable MOF was designed and synthesized for the highly selective detection of Fe3+ ions and ten nitroaromatic explosives.
PhICl2 is activated by chloride ions
Authors: Tania  , Poynder Tiffany B. , Kaur Aishvaryadeep , Barwise Lachlan , Houston Sevan D. , Nair Akshay J. , Clegg Jack K. , Wilson David J. D. , Dutton Jason L.
Published: August 2021

A study on the potential activating role of pyridine in the electrophilic chlorination of anisole by PhICl2 has led to the discovery that soluble sources of chloride ions activate PhICl2 in the reaction at catalytic loadings, greatly increasing the rate of chlorination.
Borage oil intake by overweight young adults: no effect on metabolic rate; beneficial effects on plasma triglyceride and HDL cholesterol readings
Authors: DiSilvestro Robert A. , Olivo Marston Susan , Zimmerman Autumn , Joseph Elizabeth , Boeh McCarty Carolynn
Published: August 2021

Some research has raised the possibility that gamma linolenic acid (GLA) can increase resting metabolic rate (RMR), which can help with weight control.
Highly luminescent and stable quasi-2D perovskite quantum dots by introducing large organic cations
Authors: Wang Jingxi , Liu Xiaorui , Zhou Lei , Shen Wei , Li Ming , He Rongxing
Published: August 2021

Herein, ultra-stable quasi-two-dimensional perovskite quantum dots (quasi-2D PQDs) are synthesized by introducing the butylamine cation (BA+) into the methylamine lead bromide perovskite (MAPbBr3).
Genetic encoding of a highly photostable, long lifetime fluorescent amino acid for imaging in mammalian cells
Authors: Jones Chloe M. , Robkis D. Miklos , Blizzard Robert J. , Munari Mika , Venkatesh Yarra , Mihaila Tiberiu S. , Eddins Alex J. , Mehl Ryan A. , Zagotta William N. , Gordon Sharona E. , Petersson E. James
Published: August 2021

Acridonylalanine (Acd) is photostable, with a high quantum yield and long fluorescence lifetime in water. An evolved tRNA synthetase (RS) enables genetic incorporation of Acd in mammalian cells and its use in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.
Excimer formation dynamics in the isolated tetracene dimer
Authors: Hoche Joscha , Flock Marco , Miao Xincheng , Philipp Luca Nils , Wenzel Michael , Fischer Ingo , Mitric Roland
Published: August 2021

The understanding of excimer formation and its interplay with the singlet-correlated triplet pair state 1(TT) is of high significance for the development of efficient organic electronics.
Controllable growth of centimeter-scale 2D crystalline conjugated polymers for photonic synaptic transistors
Authors: Zhang Qing , Ye Xin , Zheng Yue , Wang Yongshuai , Li Lin , Gao Zhansheng , Wu Jinxiong , Dong Huanli , Geng Dechao , Hu Wenping
Published: August 2021

Photonic synaptic transistors based on space-confined-drop-casting-produced 2D crystals of conjugated polymers perform typical synaptic functions.
Single-molecule fluorescence vistas of how lipids regulate membrane proteins
Authors: Ward Alyssa E. , Ye Yujie , Schuster Jennifer A. , Wei Shushu , Barrera Francisco N.
Published: August 2021

The study of membrane proteins is undergoing a golden era, and we are gaining unprecedented knowledge on how this key group of proteins works. However, we still have only a basic understanding of how the chemical composition and the physical properties of lipid bilayers control the activity of membrane proteins. Single-molecule (SM) fluorescence methods can resolve sample heterogeneity, allowing to discriminate between the different molecular populations that biological systems often adopt. This short review highlights relevant examples of how SM fluorescence methodologies can illuminate the different ways in which lipids regulate the activity of membrane proteins. These studies are not limited to lipid molecules acting as ligands, but also consider how the physical properties of the bilayer can be determining factors on how membrane proteins function.
Impedance analysis of current return networks in composite aircraft based on partial element equivalent circuit
Authors: Yang Zhangang , Zhang Qihao , Sui Zheng , Shi Xudong
Published: August 2021

In order to calculate the impedance of metal return network connected with composite skin, the volume based partial element equivalent circuit method is used to model the return network, and the impedance between the nodes of the return network at different frequencies is calculated. The influence of the contact resistance between the elements of the current return networks on the impedance is also considered. Moreover, the influence of some component parameters on impedance is analysed. The calculation results verify the applicability of the algorithm and the correctness of the calculation results and provide some references for the composite aircraft current return networks in the fault management and electrical protection system design.
Synthetic aperture radar image change detection based on convolutional‐curvelet neural network and partial graph‐cut
Authors: Jia Meng , Zhang Cheng , Zhao Zhiqiang , Wang Lei
Published: August 2021

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are widely applied in change detection tasks because of SAR's active imaging mechanism. However, SAR images suffer from speckle noise due to SAR reception coherence from distributed targets. This property of SAR increases the uncertainty of the image pixels, making it difficult to accurately detect the changed regions from the background. To address this issue, this letter proposes a novel SAR image change detection method based on a convolutional‐curvelet neural network (CurveCNet) and partial graph‐cut. The curvelet transform is introduced into the convolutional neural network to retain the structural information in the SAR images and to suppress the speckle noise. In addition, to combine the merits of various difference images, training samples are jointly constructed and fed into the neural network for it to learn the implicit common hierarchical features. Finally, the partial graph‐cut approach is proposed to refine the pixel labels in the fuzzy region and inhibit outliers on the background for the resultant change map. Visual and quantitative results obtained on two real SAR image datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
The study on the anti‐impact performance of the oscillating buoy with various air cushions
Authors: Song Ruiyin , Ren Congjie , Ma Xiao , Qiu Liyang , Lin Zuan
Published: August 2021

Violent waves in ocean sometimes cause huge shocks to the oscillating buoy and cause its damage. Improving the structure of buoy is a common method to reduce the impact of water on buoy. This paper focuses on how to reduce the peak impact force and improve the survivability of oscillating buoy in ocean environment. Considering the air layer between oscillating buoy and water surface, the impact of buoy into water is taken as the research point in the paper. The corresponding mathematical model is established, and the analysis shows that the air cushion can greatly reduce the peak impact force of buoy. The finite element model of buoy is established, and the constant velocity entry of a series of buoys with different air cushion structures is calculated. First of all, the air cushions with different shapes are compared, the qualitative analysis shows that the air cushion of cylindrical shape has the excellent anti‐impact performance. Then, the air cushion structure with different volume was analysed, and the influence of different air cushion volume on the peak impact force of buoy entering water was quantified. It is concluded that the effect of reducing peak of air cushion increases with the increase of air cushion volume. Furthermore, a test bench for the impact of buoy into water was set up for experiments, and similar conclusions were obtained. Besides, it is found that the improvement of the impact resistance of air cushion slows down as the volume of air cushion increases, and there is an upper limit which is positively correlated with the impact velocity of buoy.
Modelling and control of vanadium redox flow battery for smoothing wind power fluctuation
Authors: Gu Feng‐Chang , Chen Hung‐Cheng
Published: August 2021

Due to the negative impact of a highly stochastic wind power fluctuation on the power quality and stability during high penetration of wind power in power systems, there is growing interest in power smoothing and energy redistribution in wind power systems by using large‐scale energy storage technologies. The aim of this work is to use a vanadium redox flow battery as an energy storage system (ESS) to smooth wind power fluctuation with two system configurations and corresponding control strategies. As the first step, a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) mathematical model, underlain by electrochemical theories, is built to describe the battery behaviours in charge/discharge cycles. Accordingly, the aforementioned system configuration and power fluctuation smoothing schemes are proposed. At the end of this work, simulations are conducted on a 3.6 MW doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) at a diversity of wind speeds for an assessment of feasibility that this work can be applied to a high penetration of wind power in practice. Simulation results reveal that power fluctuations can be improved by power smoothing. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) percentage can be reduced to less than 1%.
Control of linear generator based on hysteresis‐SVPWM current rectification and bidirectional buck/boost converter used for energy storage
Authors: Ali Murad , Haitao Yu , Yao Wang , Yilin Yang
Published: August 2021

The free‐piston Stirling linear generation system has tremendous applications in space power supply, biomass generation, solar thermal generation, factory waste heat generation, and other industrial fields. However, the free‐piston Stirling linear generation system suffered from the disadvantages of fluctuation of output electric energy and self‐starting. To solve the aforesaid problems, a two‐level electric energy conversion control mode which combines three‐phase AC/DC and bidirectional buck/boost DC to DC converter is proposed in this paper to make the generation system with stable output DC power. Then, both the linear and non‐linear mathematical model of the free‐piston Stirling engine are established. Additionally, to improve the performance of frequency and displacement tracking, the traditional proportional‐integral (PI) in the position loop is replaced by Proportional Resonance (PR) controller. Moreover, the Hysteresis‐SVPWM current control strategy with high robustness and dynamic response is applied to the rectifier to realize the unit power factor control of the AC side of the generator and the stability and controllability of the DC side voltage. Finally, the three‐phase voltage Source Rectifier (VSR) and Bi‐directional DC/DC with an appropriate inductance and capacitance for energy storage are modelled. The effectiveness of the proposed system is validated using theoretical analysis and simulations in Matlab.
Comparisons between some composites reinforced with corn leaves and different matrices
Authors: Rădoi Alexandru Ioan , Miriţoiu Cosmin Mihai , Nicolicescu Claudiu
Published: August 2021

In this paper we build some composite materials reinforced with corn leaves. In order to build the samples, we have firstly created some strips in this way: we put the corn leaves, continuously, on a sheet of paper where we apply a this layer of resin (we have used epoxy and polyester ones). We have waited for the resin polymerization 48 hours, recommended by the producer. We have put the corn leaves layers in the director of the tensile test (because we will test the samples to tensile). We have made 10 strips and we have glued them together by using the same synthetic resins (epoxy and polyester). In the end we have obtained some composites reinforced with strips from corn leaves and paper sheet, and the matrix is made from epoxy and polyester resins. From the obtained plate, we have cut some samples in order to study their statically mechanical characteristics by tensile test. The samples were tested on an universal testing machine INSTRON 1000 HDX which is assisted by a software called Bluehill. The samples have a rectangular section We have determined: the elongation at break, the breaking strength and the Young modulus. We have also studied the samples breaking area..
Evaluation of the efficiency of the consolidation treatment with Paraloid B72, performed on artworks with degraded wood support
Authors: Ionescu Constantin Ştefan , Lunguleasa Aurel , Avram Anamaria , Spîrchez Cosmin
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study is to determine the efficiency of the consolidation treatment with Paraloid B 72, performed on wood degraded by biological attack. The method of determining the HM hardness is an original scientific method, that is minimally invasive and which indicates the level of damage to the substrate before the consolidation treatment and at the end of consolidation, allowing the evaluation of the process. The specimens are tested with the Mark 10 apparatus to determine the HM hardness, which can be related to a standardized hardness. Two consolidation steps are performed in Paraloid B72, 12% solubilized in Mixture (Ethyl Acetate and Toluene, 1:1). At the end of the consolidation, the hardness increases from 6.74 N/mm2 (37.11%) to 13.73 N/mm2 (75.61%), compared to a reference wood, which has a hardness of 18.16 N/mm2.
Locating Error when Clamping Workpiece between Centers
Authors: Slătineanu Laurentiu , Coteaţă Margareta , Dodun Oana , Nagîţ Gheorghe , Hriţuc Adelina , Beşliu-Băncescu Irina , Boca Mihai
Published: August 2021

The total machining error includes some distinct errors summed up by following certain rules. One of these errors is the workpiece locating error, which occurs when the workpiece reference base does not match the workpiece locating surface. The paper analyses different definitions of positioning error, as they were proposed by different researchers or groups of researchers and presents an application valid in the case of turning a cylindrical workpiece with locating between the centers. A definition of locating error that takes into account the total differential of the size of the vector that joins the orientation surface with an element of the fixture was preferred. A fixture version was considered to ensure the locating and clamping of the workpiece on the lathes, with workpiece locating between the centers. This fixture uses a mandrel with a sliding center and an elastic collet.
FEM Analysis of the Welding Seams Geometry in Case of Fillet Welds
Authors: Babiş Claudiu , Dimitrescu Andrei , Alecusan Ana Maria , Babiş Marcela
Published: August 2021

The role of the welding seam is to achieve the non-removable joint between two or more parts. In principle, three geometric profiles of the welding seams can be obtained: straight profile; concave profile and convex profile. In practice, this geometric shape of the weld seam profile is very important, both in terms of the resistance of the joint to static stresses and in terms of its fatigue life. There are many factors that can influence the geometric shape of the weld seam: the welding process; welding regime; the nature of the filler materials used, the rehabilitation techniques applied and others. Often, this geometric shape of the weld bead is neglected, which is particularly dangerous due to the fact that an improper geometric shape can generate low mechanical strength in static loads or poor fatigue strength in variable loads. An optimum of the geometric configuration of the welding must be found, which reconciles both situations: the mechanical resistance in case of static stresses and also the fatigue resistance in case of variable loads. In this paper, an analysis will be made with finite elements for the straight and convex profile of the welding seams in the case of fillet welds subjected to fatigue. Several elements will be considered such as: damage; total deformation; fatigue sensitivity versus loading history; equivalent von Misses stress; safety factor.
Modern Technologies for Micro-drilling of the Fuel Injector Nozzle used in Motor Vehicles - A Review of the Literature
Authors: Popa Dorinel , Morariu Cristin-Olimpiu
Published: August 2021

To cope with the pollution norms and an improvement of the combustion of the internal combustion engines, high-quality holes with diameters smaller than 145 µm are needed for the manufacture of fuel injection nozzles. The current practice of using drilling by electro-discharge machining of fuel injection nozzles is limited in terms of the size of the hole it can efficiently produce and the time required for drilling. In addition, the cost of the tool is high. This paper presents an investigation into a sequential laser and electro-discharge micro-drilling technique for the manufacture of fuel injection nozzles. A pilot hole drilled with a laser is removed by electrodischarge. It was found that this hybrid process eliminated the problems of reformed and heat-affected areas usually associated with the laser drilling process. The new process has allowed a reduction in total drilling time compared to standard electro-discharge machining drilling, as less material is removed from the electro-discharge machining. The quality of the holes is as good as direct electro-discharge machining drilling. This technique has allowed valuable cost savings and increased production capacity for the manufacture of the fuel injector nozzle.
Experimental Study Regarding PA and PE Sheets on Single Point Incremental Forming Process
Authors: Rosca Nicolae , Oleksik Mihaela , Oleksik Valentin
Published: August 2021

The present paper aims to present an experimental study on the behaviour of PA and PE sheets during the single point incremental forming. Due to the fact that the purpose of this research is to study the behaviour of PA and PE sheets during the single point incremental process both in terms of process forces and in terms of major and minor strain and thickness reduction, a Kuka Kr210 robot was chosen as an alternative to using a universal milling machine. The specimens were made of 3 mm PA and PE sheets. The size of the sheets was 250 mm x 250 mm. The forces measured on the three directions of the coordinate axes were compared. To measure the major strain, minor strain and thickness reduction, the digital image correlation method was applied.
Procedure and Installation for Determining the Filtering Capacity
Authors: Butuc (Anghel) Sorin , Matei Simona , Stoicanescu Maria , Crişan Aurel
Published: August 2021

The paper presents a method and an installation for determining the filtration capacity of filters made of composite materials with ceramic matrices. Applicable to fluid media (liquid, gaseous) the process is based on generating a pressure gradient in the filter area. The pressure difference between the two sides of the filter determines the passage of the fluid through the filter and its retention of the suspended particles. The process allows the testing of filters with a great diversity regarding the nature of the materials from which they are made, respectively their geometry and dimensions. In the present experiment, filters made of ceramic composite materials based on bentonite reinforced with SiC type ceramic powders and Al type metal powders were tested. From these materials were made cylindrical filters (diameters of 16 mm and length of 15 mm), which, after sintering at a temperature of 1250°C, were tested on the installation, for filtering rainwater samples. The determinations made highlighted a good ability of the filter to retain suspended particles in the water.
Aluminium-steel plating by press welding
Authors: Dobrotă Dan , Ciofu Florin , Petrescu Valentin
Published: August 2021

A series of researches related to aluminium-steel plating by press welding are presented in the paper. In this sense, the influence of the roughness of the aluminium and steel test samples was taken into account, but also of the post-welding heat treatment on the characteristics of the joints made. S355 steel specimens and AlMgSi0.7 F27 aluminium specimens were analyzed. The samples were processed and roughness Ra = 2.51-51.09 µm were obtained. Also, after making the joints, a postwelding heat treatment was applied which consisted of a heating at a temperature of 425 °C with a duration of 6.5 hours and a slow cooling to room temperature. Six distinct samples were made in terms of surface roughness in the joint area. After making the joints and applying the heat treatment, the samples were analyzed in terms of metallographic structure, the thickness of the interface layer and the hardness of the material in it. Thus, it was found that both the roughness of the test tube surfaces and the post-weld heat treatment have a substantial influence on the metallographic structure and the hardness of the material in the interface layer. The highest hardness of the material in the interface layer and its lowest thickness were obtained for the samples with the lowest roughness of the joint surfaces.
A speech recognition approach for an industrial training station
Authors: Govoreanu Valentin-Cătălin , Ţocu Adrian-Nicolae , Cruceat Alin-Marius , Circa Dragoş
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a speech recognition service used in the context of commanding and guiding the activities around an industrial training station. The entire concept is built on a decentralized microservice architecture and one of the many hardware and software components is the speech recognition engine. This engine grants users the possibility to interact seamlessly with other components in order to ensure a gradual and productive learning process. By working with different API’s for both English and Romanian languages, the presented approach manages to obtain good speech recognition for defining task phrases aiding the training procedure and to reduce the recognition required time by almost 50%.