bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lesiones penetrantes del cuello
Authors: Castaño Antonio , Cortés Jorge A
Published: July 2024

Se analizaron 36 pacientes con lesiones penetrantes de cuello en quienes se hizo exploración quirúrgica temprana. En 27 (75%) pacientes hubo lesiones de una o más estructuras importabtes y en 7 (19.5%) pacientes se encontraron lesiones en otras partes del cuerpo.Las estructuras importantes más comprometidas fueron tráquea (7 pacientes) y vena yugular interna (7 pacientes).
Estudio microscópico de malformaciones congénitas producidas por peregil (Petroselinum sativum) en ratones
Authors: Bengoa Marcelino E , Aragón Jorge
Published: July 2024

Se hace el estudio microscópico de cortes seriados de 10 fetos de ratón blanco con malformaciones congénitas producidas por perejil. Se encontró que además de las anomalías descritas macroscópicamente como acrania, anenecefalia, meningocele y onfalocele, hubo destrucción y proliferación angiomatosa de la masa encefálica, hidrocefalia, espina bífida, hernia umbilical, eversión ocular, devertículos e hipoplasia renal. Se postula que posiblemente la causa de estas malformaciones sea la acción directa de los componentes del perejil, apiol, sobre el desarrollo de las células de las capas germinativas que dan origena a los órganos afectados
Hiperuricemia y dolor precordial
Authors: Gutiérrez Óscar
Published: July 2024

Se presentan 6 pacientes de sexo masculino, con edades entre 24 y 45 años, con dolor precordial. Se descartó patología coronaria. Todos mostraban uricemia elevada. El dolor desapareció al recibir colchicina, en la forma usual de aplicación para creisis de gota; Dos son gotosos típicos, uno sigue mostrando cifras altas de uricemia, aunque no ha presentado crisis de gota; en uno, la uricemia regresó a cifras normales espontáneamente, en dos no se han hecho controles posteriores. Se revisan los mecanismo de producción de hiperuricemia y algunos de los más conocidos factores determinates de la artritis.
Hepatitis post-transfusional
Authors: Cabrera Aurelio
Published: July 2024

Se revisa la literatura reciente sobre hepatitis producidas por virus y que puede transmitirse por transfusión de sangre o sus productos. La hepatitis "C" (ni A, ni B), representa de 60% a 80% de todas las hepatitis post-transfusionales y aún no hay pruebas de laboratorio para descubrirla. La hepatitis B, representa de 20% a 40% de las hepatitis post-transfusionels y es detectable, por métodos de tercera generación en aproximadamente 85% de los portadores. Las otras hepatitis virales parecen ocurrir solo excepcionalmente.
Conferencia de Patología Clínica
Authors: Montes Guillermo
Published: July 2024

Artículo sin abstract disponible
Policy Brief No. 11. Comprehensive neighbourhood upgrading for peace (CNU-PEACE). A strategy for territorial reparation
Authors: Ortiz Arciniegas Catalina , Villamizar Duarte Natalia , Torres Toro Eliana , Naranjo Gloria , Lopera Juan Esteban , Zapata Fernando , Vargas López Paula , Rengifo Claudia
Published: July 2024

Territorial planning is crucial in the implementation of urban territorial peace. Self-built neighbourhoods and their residents have been the most affected by the armed conflict and have suffered collective, community, and territorial damage more intensely. Therefore, it is imperative to generate restorative measures aimed at comprehensive reparations for surviving victims and communities affected by multiple forms of violence. The Comprehensive Neighbourhood Upgrading (CNU) is a multidimensional territorial intervention strategy that involves a long-term, multi-actor and multi-scalar political commitment to improve housing conditions. A CNU with a territorial peace focus (CNU-PEACE) requires a gender, generational, differential, and intersectional perspective that articulates policies, instruments, and physical and social interventions to repair the damage caused by the conflict, enabling the exercise of the right to the city and contributing to the de-escalation of violence. This Policy Brief presents the articulation between CNU and the construction of territorial peace to advance territorial reparation in Medellín.
Policy Brief No. 11. Mejoramiento integral barrial para la paz (MIB-PAZ). Una herramienta de reparación territorial
Authors: Ortiz Arciniegas Catalina , Villamizar Duarte Natalia , Torres Toro Eliana , Naranjo Gloria , Lopera Juan Esteban , Zapata Fernando , Vargas López Paula , Rengifo Claudia
Published: July 2024

El ordenamiento territorial es crucial en la implementación de la paz territorial urbana. Los barrios autoconstruidos y sus pobladores/as, han sido los más afectados por el conflicto armado y han sufrido con mayor intensidad los daños colectivos, comunitarios y territoriales. Por ello, es imperativo generar medidas restaurativas encaminadas a la reparación integral para víctimas sobrevivientes y comunidades afectadas por múltiples violencias. El Mejoramiento Integral de Barrios (MIB) es una estrategia de intervención territorial multidimensionalque conlleva un compromiso político multi-actoral y multi-escalar de largo plazo para mejorar las condiciones habitacionales. Un MIB con un enfoque de paz territorial (MIB-PAZ) requiere una perspectiva de género, generacional, diferencial e interseccional que articule políticas, instrumentos e intervenciones físicas y sociales que reparen los daños generados por el conflicto, que permitan ejercer el derecho a la ciudad y que contribuyan al desescalamiento de violencias. Este Policy Brief presenta la articulación entre MIB y la construcción de paz territorial para avanzar en la reparación territorial en Medellín.
جمع التكسير في كتاب الإملاء المختصر في شرح غريب السِّيَر لأبي ذر مصعب الخُشَني (ت604هـ)
Authors: محمد إيهاب أحمد , محمود حسين نوري
Published: July 2024

يعدّ أبو ذرِ مصعب الخُشَني من أبرز علماء اللغة في القرن السابع الهجري، وتسعى هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز جهوده اللغوية لا سيما في علم الصرف، وتسليط الضوء على نماذج أوردها من موضوع       ( جمع التكسير) في (كتاب الإملاء المختصر في شرح غريب السِّيَر لأبي ذر الخُشَني الاندلسي(ت604هـ)، إذ يهدف البحث إلى التعريف بأنواع  الجمع  الوارد في الكتاب ، والوقوف على الأمثلة التي أوردها  الخُشَني في إملائه ذاكرا آراء علماء اللغة من القدماء والمحدثين ومحللا إياها.
 وتوصل الباحث إلى أنّ الخُشَني كان عميد علوم العربية في عصره فقد قيل فيه : حامل لواء العربية في الأندلس ،وكذلك أولى الخُشَني موضوع جمع التكسير اهتماماً خاصاً؛ وذلك بسبب منهجه في الكتاب فهو أقرب إلى منهج المعجميين ، فنراه يذكر الكلمة ، وأصلها ، ودلالتها ، وجمعها ، وغير ذلك من المشتقات التي تشتق منها اللفظة   .
A Study of Nonverbal Persuasion in TED Talks
Authors: Falih Ali Mahdi , Ahmed Muhammed Badeaꞌ
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the realm of nonverbal communication and its persuasive impact in the context of TED talks. Nonverbal communication plays a significant role in effectively conveying persuasive messages, especially in TED talks, which are considered a useful database for the study. Surprisingly, little researches and studies have investigated the role of nonverbal behavior in persuading and influencing others. The study aims to find the most common body movements in TED talks, analyze the common movements kinetically to have a better understanding of these movements, and investigate the nonverbal persuasiveness of the selected movements. The study adopts a model consisting of Birdwhistell's (1952) kinesic analysis model and Andre et al.'s (2011) nonverbal persuasion analysis model. Final results reveal that (1) hand movement is the most common type among other types of movements,  (2) the persuasiveness of nonverbal communication is achieved by basing on the following persuasive body behaviors: importance, emotion, certainty, the sender’s competence, evaluation, and the sender’s benevolence, (3) body language, such as hand gestures, head nods, and facial expressions, can be broken down into smaller parts, these smaller parts, known as the kinemorph, kineme, and kine, make the body movements understandable.
Religious Identity and Deixis in Friday Sermons: A Sociopragmatic Study
Authors: Jassim Rafid Mohammed , Ali Hadeel Kamil
Published: July 2024

As a linguistic phenomenon, deixis holds significant connotations for how discourse, whether verbal or written, is interpreted, especially when it requires understanding the referential and contextual aspects of language in a framework of mutual communication. Deixis assumes a pivotal role in the conveyance of religious messages characterized by guidance and instructional content in the domain of Islamic Friday sermons, thereby contributing significantly to the establishment of religious identity and fostering a sense of connection between the preacher and the audience. Based on Levinson's theoretical viewpoints and sociopragmatic background, the current study examined the active effect of deixis used in Friday sermons delivered by some Muslim preachers. Hence, different types and frequencies of deixis categories have been comprehensively examined. Additionally, the study aimed to elucidate the reasons that led to the predominant type of deixis in both languages English and Arabic, in line with Levinson's focus on communicative choices. From reliable websites, ten sermons in both Arabic and English were downloaded.  This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to examine the data. The analysis involved examining (80) utterances, with English Islamic Friday sermons employing deixis expressions (133 times) and Arabic Islamic Friday sermons using them (93 times). The results indicated that discoursal and temporal deictic expressions were frequently observed in both languages with the personal category being the most prevalent.
Translating Cultural Elements in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar into Arabic
Authors: Hussein Israa A.
Published: July 2024

Translating cultural elements from Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar" into Arabic involves conveying not just the words, but also the cultural nuances and historical context to ensure the richness of the original text is preserved. References to Greek and Roman mythology, such as allusions to gods and heroes, should be translated with care to maintain their cultural significance. While translating these elements, it's important to consider the target audience and whether footnotes or explanations might be necessary to aid comprehension, especially if the audience is not familiar with Roman history and culture. Additionally, the translator should aim to capture the poetic essence and linguistic beauty of Shakespeare's language in Arabic. Translating Julius Caesar, like any literary work, from its original language into Arabic can present several challenges as Cultural Context: Translating a work from one culture to another requires understanding and conveying the cultural context. Julius Caesar is deeply rooted in ancient Roman history, politics, and social customs. Translators must ensure that English translation conveys the cultural nuances and historical background accurately to make the play accessible and meaningful to English-speaking readers or audiences. Translating Julius Caesar into Arabic demands a deep understanding of the play, the cultural context, and linguistic intricacies. Translators must navigate the challenges of language structure, cultural adaptation, and poetic form to create a faithful and resonant Arabic version of the play.
بابٌ في الوَقفِ القَبِيحِ في القُرآنِ لِأَحمَدَ بنِ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ ياسِينَ الهِبراوِيِّ (ت1224ه) _ دِراسَةٌ وَتحقِيقٌ
Authors: عليوي مطلك الجبوري سعدون عزاوي
Published: July 2024

إن علم الوقف والابتداء من أهم العلوم التي يعنى بها علماء القراءات والعربية والمفسرون، وهو فنٌّ جليل ؛ لأن به يُعرف كيف تؤدى قراءة القرآن الكريم , وتترتب على معرفته أحكام كثيرة , وبه يعرف معاني الآيات , ويعصم من الوقوع في مشاكل القراءات , ويُتوصل من طريقه إلى استنباطات كثيرة ؛ ولذلك كان سلف هذه الأمة من لدن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وصحابته رضي الله عنهم يعنون بكيفية الوقف والابتداء وما يترتب عليه من المعاني , وبذلك قد وردت الآثار عنهم .
ولذلك جاء هذا البحث في تحقيق رسالة بعنوان: (بابٌ في الوقف القبيح في القرآن) لأحمد بن محمد بن ياسين الهِبراوي الشافعي المتوفى سنة (1224ه) , فذكر فيها ما يقبح الوقف عليه والابتداء بما بعده في الآيات القرآنية , وزعم أنها ثلاثة وثمانون موضعاً في القرآن الكريم , وذكر فيها _أيضاً_ الحكم المترتب على من يقع في هذه الوقوف, ولكنه لم يفصل في هذا الجانب, وهو جانب به حاجة إلى شيءٍ من التفصيل , وهذا ما سنتطرق إليه في بحثنا .
التعالق النصي في شعر محمد عزام ً
Authors: أحمد ليلى طلال
Published: July 2024

لقد شكل التعالق واستلهام التراث منبعاً خصباً للشعراء والأدباء  في مختلف العصور ، وذلك لتنوع دلالاته واختلاف مناهله التي يستمد منها حيويته ومخاطبته للواقع ولما يحمل من معانٍ ومضامين استوحاها الشعراء ، وهذا ما لمسناه في دراستنا للتعالق النصي في شعر محمد عزام ؛ إذ أظهر لنا الشاعر اتكائه على القصص الديني والتاريخي فتداخلت نصوصه واستمدت مادتها ومرتكزها من القرآن الكريم وما فيه من قصص ؛ تحاكي واقعنا وتعمل على رسم الأمل تارة ، وتبين انحطاط الأمة واضمحلالها تارة أخرى ، عبر مفارقة تعمل على رسم صورة شعرية لغوياً وفكرياً وإيحائياً ، فالتعالق هو علاقة خطاب الآخر بخطاب الأنا ، وهو علاقة حوارية بين النصوص وبين الأزمنة والأمكنة ولما كان شعر ( محمد عزام ) هذا الشاعر الأردني المعاصر مليئاً بهذا التجانس والتعالق النصي حتى أصبح لا يخلو له نص من تعالق مع الإرث الديني والتاريخي لهذا ارتأينا أن ندرس هذه الظاهرة في شعره.
Tapestry of Cultures in Derek Walcott’s Poetry: A Transcultural Reading
Authors: Abbas Yasser Thamer , Aldoory Arwa Hussein
Published: July 2024

Walcott, through his searches for the history of his original nation, seeks to face the racial conflicts that impacted his cultural formation; he does celebrate the hybridity that becomes an integral part of his identity through crossing- national transit. It is through his constant traveling that, continuously, leads him to experience other nations, cultures, identities. His poetry comes to be a witness for a more cosmopolitan construction of individuality. Walcott, in his early poetry, shows his endeavors to understand the culture and the racial challenges of his origin, yet it seems that he comes to no resort. In his later poetic volumes, he seems to come to a better realization of his Caribbean identity that fell under colonial influences. Thus, Walcott comes to accept that his own Caribbean roots can go beyond its origins. This can be called transcultural approach which has developed in the last few decades, not only to embrace alterity, but also to encourage interconnectedness and empathy with the Other. Transculturalism challenges the traditional notions of culture, belonging, and identity. The purpose of this study is to explore Walcott’s poetry that reveals the poet’s perspective on national and cultural identity.  It argues that, though Walcott’s poetry is deeply rooted in the Caribbean culture, traditions, and national inheritance, yet it transcends the national and cultural limits to celebrate the hybridity of the Caribbean present identity. Walcott’s constant traveling created a poetry that goes beyond its national borders to see in displacement of the Caribbean people and the diaspora as a means to develop a better communication with the world. Therefore, Walcott is quite liberal in his cultural perspective regarding identity politics.
Guiding learning through simulation in health: the transformative role of the teacher
Authors: Fernan Milione Hugo ,   Universidad Nacional de la Matanza, Esteban Berardi Claudio ,   Universidad Nacional de la Matanza. Buenos Aires
Published: July 2024

The parameters to define what “a general teaching role” should be have varied in the history of higher education. The existing evidence in favor of generating spaces for controversy, questions, active and greater participation of students, guiding learning and not directing it, is overwhelming. Although the clinical simulation teacher does not escape this definition, there are still controversies as to whether there are true differences in their role compared to other areas of health teaching. In this article we intend to break down some issues that differentiate the teachers in charge of the facilitation process, such as clinical simulation, which stimulates autonomous learning, meaningful learning, vicarious learning, cooperative and reflective learning, learning in action and experiential learning.
IMPACT OF GENDER DIFFERENCES AND BODY MASS INDEX ON SKIN BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF CORONAVIRUS PATIENTS
Authors: Bari Dindar S , Salih Jalal M. , Yacoob Aldosky Haval Y. , Martinsen Ørjan G.
Published: July 2024

Once the pandemic started, there were no clues regarding overall COVID-19 infections. There are no studies that demonstrate the effects of COVID-19 on skin surface pH, moisture, sebum,  and temperature in terms of gender differences and body mass index (BMI) among infected people. The goal of this study was to investigate some of the skin biophysical scores of patients infected with COVID-19 and evaluate the impact of gender differences and the body mass index on them. Skin surface sebum, pH, temperature, and hydration (moisture), were measured in 30 COVID-19 patients using employing non-invasive portable devices. Insignificant effects of gender differences and BMI on skin biophysical properties were observed. In addition, females showed higher skin biophysical characteristics than males. Moreover, obese patients had higher skin biophysical parameter values than normal-weight patients. However, all the study results were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Further investigations are required to recognize other skin biophysical parameters such as transepidermal water loss and elasticity that may aid in the early identification of skin damage in COVID-19 patients.
Prevalence of obesity and risk of chronic diseases in the elderly: The case of Turke
Authors: Çam Salih , Sengul Seda
Published: July 2024

Obesity is a major factor in the development of chronic diseases and can be influenced by some unobserved factors as well as genetic predisposition. Since obese older people are more likely to develop chronic diseases, a better understanding of the relationship between overweight/obesity and chronic diseases may help to reduce unnecessary morbidity and mortality. Using a Seemingly Unrelated probit approach for unobserved heterogeneity and probable endogeneity, this study investigates the empirical connection between obesity and chronic diseases in the elderly. Data from the Turkish Health Survey collected by the Turkish Statistical Institute in 2014, 2016, and 2019 were used for the analysis. The empirical results indicate that there are unmeasurable common factors that influence both overweight/obesity and chronic diseases, with overweight/obesity being an important determinant of chronic diseases along with some socioeconomic factors such as gender, physical inactivity, smoking, age, depression, etc. The findings suggest that health policies to reduce preventable morbidity and mortality should take into account unmeasurable genetic factors as well as psychological support to activate sedentary lifestyles in older people and prevent depression and feelings of worthlessness.
Applied problems of optimizing the protection of intellectual property in the EEU and the Russian Federation
Authors: Глотов С.А. , Губин А.Н. , Слепко Г.Е. , Губин М.А.
Published: July 2024

В настоящей статье авторы проводят компаративный анализ перечней охраняемых результатов интеллектуальной деятельности в Российской Федерации, в странах ЕАЭС и самом ЕАЭС, а также в двухсторонних договорах государств – участников СНГ и ЕАЭС. Отмечается, что система охраняемых объектов интеллектуальной собственности Российской Федерации может быть дополнена категориями «инновационный патент» (республика Казахстан) и «научное открытие» (республика Украина). Авторы также обращают внимание на некоторые особенности в использовании соответствующей терминологии и на правовые коллизии в установлении круга субъектов интеллектуальных прав, в регулировании и механизме защиты этих прав, свойственные современному российскому гражданскому праву, в части его взаимодействия и взаимовлияния с соответствующими нормативными правовыми актами ЕАЭС, в том числе, актами системы таможенно-тарифного регулирования, а также на отдельные возможности его унификации.

In the present article, the authors have carried out a comparative analysis of the lists of protected results of intellectual activity in the Russian Federation, in the countries of the EAEU, as well as in bilateral agreements of the CIS and EAEU participating states. It is noted that the system of protected objects of intellectual property of the Russian Federation can be supplemented by such categories as "innovative patent" (the Republic of Kazakhstan) and "scientific discovery" (the Republic of Ukraine). The authors also draw attention to some peculiarities in the use of the appropriate terminology and to judicial contradictions in establishing the range of subjects of intellectual property rights, in the regulation and mechanism for protection of these rights of the current Russian civil law, in its interaction and mutual influence with relevant regulatory legal acts of the EAEC, including acts of the system of customs and tariffs regulation, as well as to selected opportunities for its unification
THE BASIC MODES OF THE INTRUSION PREVENTION SYSTEM (IDS/IPS SURICATA) FOR THE COMPUTING CLUSTER
Authors: Бондяков А.С.
Published: July 2024

В данной статье ставится задача протестировать систему предотвращения вторжений Suricata и рассмотреть возможности ее использования в качестве основного или дополнительного инструмента для обеспечения безопасности вычислительного кластера. Для решения поставленной задачи, протестирована работа данной системы в режимах IDS и IPS. Для оценки производительности тестируемой системы, приведены графики счетчиков мониторинга CPU utilization и CPU load average. Данные получены посредством системы мониторинга дата-центра института Физики НАН Азербайджана на базе платформы ZABBIX. Описана установка Suricata и настройка ее основных параметров. Показана возможность оптимизации режимов работы Suricata в зависимости от аппаратных ресурсов, например, количество ядер. В качестве полигона использовался облачный сегмент дата-центра института Физики НАН Азербайджана, который в свою очередь является частью облачной инфраструктуры ЛИТ ОИЯИ. Полученные результаты демонстрируют возможности Suricata обрабатывать поступающие данные не нагружая систему в целом, детектировать угрозы и своевременно реагировать на них что существенно повышает уровень безопасности. Кроме того, в данной статье показаны возможности облачного сегмента и системы мониторинга дата-центра института Физики НАН Азербайджана, с помощью которых проводилось тестирование.

This article aims to test the Suricata intrusion prevention system and consider its use as a primary or additional tool for securing the computing cluster. For solve this task, we tested the operation of this system in the IDS and IPS modes. To evaluate the performance of the system under test, the CPU utilization and CPU load average counters were used. The data was obtained through the system of monitoring the data center of the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan on the basis of the ZABBIX platform. In this article, describes the installation of Suricata and the configuration of its main parameters and the possibility of optimizing the operating modes of Suricata is shown depending on the hardware resources, for example, the number of cores. The cloud segment of the data center of the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan was used as a testing ground, which in its turn is a part of the JINR LIT's cloud infrastructure. The results demonstrate the ability of Suricata detecting threats and responding to them in a timely manner, which significantly increases the level of security. In addition, this article shows the capabilities of the cloud segment and the monitoring system of the data center of the Institute of Physics of NAS of Azerbaijan, with the help of which testing was conducted.
Features of reproductive development of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco in the Crimea
Authors: Захаренко Г.С. , Севастьянов В.Е. , Салогуб Р.В.
Published: July 2024

Исследования особенностей репродуктивного развития Platycladus orientalis в условиях культуры в Крыму, проведенные с целью выяснения причин индивидуальной изменчивости качества семян в урожае одного года, а также по годам и природно-климатическим зонам полуострова, показали, что протекание таких важных этапов годичного репродуктивного цикла как мейоз микроспороцитов, рассеивание пыльцы и опыление в зимне-ранневесенний период при нестабильных погодных условиях, когда часто случаются заморозки и выпадают осадки, нередко приводит к нарушению нормального прохождения этих фенофаз. Совпадение по времени наступления критических этапов развития с наличием заморозков и осадков отрицательно сказывается на качестве мужской половой продукции, а также приводит к нарушению процесса опыления у части деревьев, или гибели готовых к поллинации микростробилов. Выявленная гетерогенность интродуционной популяции по ритму сезонного развития репродуктивных органов существенно повышает устойчивость репродуктивного развития Platycladus orientalis и ежегодно обеспечивает возможность получения семян во всех природно-климатических зонах Крыма.

Studies of the features of the reproductive development of the Platycladus orientalis in the cultural conditions of the Crimea, carried out in order to clarify the reasons for the individual variability of seed quality in the harvest of one year, as well as by year and natural climatic zones of the peninsula, showed that the course of such important stages of the annual reproductive cycle as meiosis of microsporocytes, dispersion of pollen and pollination in the winter-early spring period under unstable weather conditions, when frosts and precipitation often occur, often leads to disruption of the normal passage of these phenophases. The coincidence in time of the onset of critical stages of development with the presence of frost and precipitation negatively affects the quality of male reproductive production, and leads to disruption of the pollination process in some trees, or the death of microstrobilis ready for pollination. The revealed heterogeneity of the introduced population in terms of the rhythm of the seasonal development of the reproductive organs significantly increases the stability of the reproductive development of the Platycladus orientalis and annually provides the possibility of obtaining seeds in all natural and climatic zones of the Crimea.
CLIMATE AND GLOBAL URBANIZATION
Authors: Ниту К. , Крапивин В.Ф. , Потапов И.И.
Published: July 2024

Обсуждена роль и особенности городов в изменении климата, особенно мегаполисов. Отмечена общая тенденция в расселении населения планеты. Охарактеризованы особенности урбанизации и указаны ее положительные моменты. Проанализированы особенности формирования антропогенных процессов и обращено внимание на поиск индикаторов качества жизни населения. Оценена роль новых информационных технологий в изучении глобальных процессов в системе «природа–общество».

A role and features of the cities in the climate change is discussed with specific attention on the megalopolises. It is marked the common tendency in the population distribution. The urbanization features are characterized and its positive moments are shown. The features of anthropogenic processes are analyzed an attention on the searching the indicators of living conditions is noticed. It is assessed the role of new information technologies for the study of global processes in the «nature–society» system.
THE IMPACT OF CHANGES IN THE SOLUBILITY OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE MAGNETIC FIELD ON SCALE FORMATION
Authors: КОШОРИДЗЕ C.И. , ЛЕВИН Ю.К.
Published: July 2024

На основе термодинамического расчета приводится объяснение хорошо известного экспериментального факта, что после магнитной обработки пересыщенного водного раствора карбоната кальция CaCO3 в нем преимущественно начинают генерироваться кристаллы арагонита а не кальцита. Данный эффект имеет огромное практическое значение, так как арагонит значительно легче удалить со стенок теплообменных аппаратов, чем кальцит. При расчетах автор опирался на модельные эксперименты, показывающие, что растворимость газов (и в частности диоксида углерода) в воде растет с ростом магнитного поля.

On the basis of thermodynamic calculation the well-known experimental fact is explained that after magnetic treatment of supersaturated aqueous solution of calcium carbonate crystals of aragonite rather than calcite begin to be generated. This effect is of great practical importance, since aragonite is much easier to remove from the walls of heat exchangers than calcite. In the calculations, the author relied on model experiments showing that the solubility of gases (and in particular carbon dioxide) in water increases with the growth of the magnetic field.
HEURISTIC METHODS IN THE PROBLEM OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHARGE ON THE CONDUCTING ELLIPTICAL CYLINDER
Authors: ГОЛУБЕВ В.Г. , МАКАРОВ А.М.
Published: July 2024

В отличие от классического решения задачи о распределении электрического заряда по поверхности уединенного проводящего эллиптического цилиндра в отсутствие внешнего (стороннего) электрического поля с использованием двумерного уравнения Лапласа в эллиптической системе координат предложены эвристические методы расчета поверхностной плотности электрического заряда на проводящем эллиптическом цилиндре: гипотеза о влиянии кривизны поверхности, гипотеза о равномерном распределении электрического заряда по параметрической поверхностной координате эллиптического цилиндра и метод непосредственной компенсации напряженности электрического поля внутри эллипсоида. Проблема расчета распределения скалярного потенциала и напряженности электрического поля вне эллиптического цилиндра сведена к использованию принципа суперпозиции. Полученные результаты с помощью предельного перехода могут быть использованы для расчета плотности электрического заряда на поверхности тонкой проводящей полосы конечной ширины.

This article contains heuristic methods for calculating the surface density of electric charge on a conducting elliptic cylinder, based on a hypothesis of the infl uence of surface curvature, the hypothesis of the uniform distribution of the electric charge by the parametric surface coordinate of an elliptical cylinder and the method of direct compensation of the electric fi eld intensity inside the ellipsoid. This is the difference from the classical solution of the problem of the distribution of electric charge on the surface of a secluded conducting elliptic cylinder with the absence of the external electric field using the twodimensional Laplace equation in elliptic coordinate system. The problem of calculating the distribution of the scalar potential and the electric fi eld intensity outside the elliptical cylinder is reduced to the use of the superposition principle. The obtained results can be used to calculate the electric charge density on the surface of a thin conductive strip of fi nite width by the limit transition.
THE ARCHIVES OF THE NOBEL FAMILY AND NOBEL PRIZE WIN-NERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION NOBEL CENTRE
Authors: Корскова И.С. , Головачева Л.В.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены основные этапы и проблемы комплектования фондов тематически ориентированного архива как структурного подразделения «Международного Информационного Нобелевского Центра». Показаны основные источники комплектования; чётко обозначен состав документов, подлежащих хранению в архиве; проанализированы основы организации комплектования.

The milestones and challenges of acquisition funds thematically oriented archive as a structural unit of The International Information Nobel Centre (IINC) are reviewed. The main sources of recruitment are showing; the composition of the documents to be stored in the archive is clearly labeled; the fundamentals of acquisition were analyzed.
Information and communication technologies as a basis for the music homework
Authors: Ильичев Е.М.
Published: July 2024

Автор в статье рассматривает целесообразность, необходимость и актуальность домашнего задания по музыке для учащихся 5–7 классов лицея в контексте предметной области «Искусство». Приводятся яркие примеры интернет ресурсов, способных привлечь современного школьника к музыкальному самообразованию. Определяется роль учителя-наставника в свете новых технических возможностей.

The Author considers the expediency, necessity and urgency of homework on music for students of grades 5–7 Lyceum in the context of the subject area "Art". Provides vivid examples of online resources that can attract the modern student to musical selfeducation. The role of the teacher-mentor is defi ned in the light of new technical possibilities.
"Music sum" of Alexander Sergeyevich Klyuev (review of the monograph)
Authors: Денисов А.В.
Published: July 2024

В рецензии рассматривается общая структура монографии А.С. Клюева «Сумма музыки», ее ведущие проблемы, ключевые определения. В числе последних – категория музыкального искусства, три уровня звучания: физико-акустический, коммуникативно-интонационный, духовно-ценностный. Показан эвристический потенциал идей книги, а также их дискуссионные стороны, в том числе, связанные с разграничением понятий «народная» и «профессиональная» музыка.

In the review the general structure of the monograph, its leading problems, key definitions are considered. Among the last – category of musical art, three levels of sounding: physical (acoustic), communicative (intonational), spiritual (valuable). Heuristic potential of the book ideas and also their debatable positions (connected with differentiation of concepts "national" and "professional" music) are shown.
Liszt and Henselt (Part II). Liszt and Henselt at their performing & creative activity
Authors: Скорбященская О.А.
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу исполнительской, педагогической и композиторской деятельности Адольфа фон Гензельта и Ференца Листа и основана на газетных и журнальных материалах того времени, мемуарах и воспоминаниях их учеников, а также на сравнении транскрипций увертюр К. М. фон Вебера, сделанных каждым из композиторов для фортепиано. «Состязания» Листа и Гензельта происходили не в реальности, а в пространстве газет того времени и отличались исключительно дружеским характером. Разница индивидуальностей обоих композиторов, заметная при сопоставлении транскрипций увертюр К. М. фон Вебера и их оригинальных сочинений, только оттеняла их родственность, принадлежность к одной, веберовской традиции. Полярность педагогических амплуа дополняла педагогику друг друга, позволяя учить одних и тех же пианистов. Актуальность и новизна статьи определяются новым ракурсом исследования, в котором впервые исполнительская, композиторская и педагогическая деятельность Листа рассматриваются в контексте общих устремлений второй половины ХIX века в сравнении с педагогикой, сочинениями и исполнительством А. фон Гензельта. Цель исследования – выявить сущностные черты и оппозиции романтического мировоззрения в пианизме ХIX века.

The article is devoted to the comparative analyses of the performer, pedagogical & composer activity of Adolph von Henselt & Ferenz Liszt & based on the newspaper’s & magazine’s materials of that time, memoirs & reminiscences their pupils and also on the compare of the Henselt’s & Liszt’s transcriptions of the Overtures by K. M. von Weber for piano. "Competitions" of Liszt & Henselt took placed not at the reality, but on the space of the newspapers of that time and had very friendly character. The difference of the individuality of the both composers, which one can see, comparing their transcription of Weber’s Overtures, only shade their affi nity, their belongings to the same Weber’s tradition. Polarity of their pedagogical types complemented teaching methods of the one & another, so they can often teaches the same pupils. The relevance of the article and its novelty are characterized by the new point of view of the research, in that performing, composer’s and teacher’s activity of Liszt deal with the context of the general tendentious of XIX century, comparing with the pedagogical, performing & composer’s activity of A. von Henselt. The purpose of the research is to found of the main characteristics & oppositions of the romantic pianism.
Theoretical study of the deflection of the pressure sensor membrane
Authors: ПАРФЕНОВ Н.М. , ЦИПЕНКО А.В. , ФЕДОТОВ А.А.
Published: July 2024

Исследованы физические свойства тензопреобразователя датчика давления. Проведены аналитический и численный расчеты прогиба мембраны под воздействием избыточного давления. Установлено, что величина давления зависит от формы и конструкции мембраны. Прогиб мембраны может способствовать возникновению механических напряжений.

The physical properties of the pressure transducer tensor are investigated. Analytical and numerical calculations of the deflection of the membrane under the influence of excessive pressure are carried out. It is established that the pressure value depends on the shape and design of the membrane. Deflection of the membrane can contribute to the occurrence of mechanical stresses.
Еlectrical Barrier in the Device for Deratization «Shield»
Authors: ПАРАМОНОВ В.Д. , МАКАРОВ С.С.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрен разработанный в рамках заказной НИОКР защитный электрический барьер в приборе для дератизации «Щит», осуществляющим защиту от грызунов, используя принцип электрического воздействия высоковольтными импульсами напряжения при замыкании грызуном двухпроводного электрического контура. Статья является продолжением ранее опубликованной статьи «Прибор для дератизации «Щит».

The article considers a protective electrical barrier developed within the framework registered NIOKR in a device for deratization "Shield", which protects against rodents using the principle of electrical action by high-voltage voltage pulses when a rodent closes a twowire electrical circuit. The article is a continuation of the previously published article "Device for deratization "Shield".
Ribosomal Synthesis of Ketone-containing Peptide Backbone via O to C Acyl Shift
Authors: Schissel Carly , Roberts-Mataric Helena , Garcia Isaac , Kang Hana , Francis Matthew , Schepartz Alanna
Published: July 2024

Despite tremendous efforts to engineer translational machinery, replacing the encoded peptide backbone with new-to-Nature structures remains a significant and largely unmet challenge. C, H, O, and N are the elements of life, and yet ribosomes are only capable of forming C–N bonds as amides, C–O bonds as esters, and C–S bonds as thioesters; there is no current strategy to form C–C bonds as ketones embedded in the backbone of ribosomal products. We discovered that peptides containing a dehydrolactic acid motif rapidly isomerize to generate a backbone-embedded α,γ-diketoamide via a spontaneous formal O to C acyl shift. The dehydrolactic acid motif can be introduced into peptides ribosomally or via solid-phase synthesis using α-hydroxy phenylselenocysteine followed by oxidation. Subsequent incubation at physiological pH produces an α,γ-diketoamide that can be diversified using a variety of nucleophiles, including hydrazines and hydroxylamines to form pyrazoles and oximes, respectively. All of these groups remain embedded directly within the polypeptide backbone. This general strategy, predicated on an intricate cascade of acyl rearrangements, provides the first example of a C–C bond forming reaction to take place within the peptide backbone, as well as the first ribosomal strategy for generating protein-like materials with diverse, backbone-embedded heterocycles. The genetically encoded, new-to-nature biopolymers produced should accelerate the discovery of genetically encoded molecules whose properties better resemble those of bioactive natural products.
Direct (LC-)MS Identification of Regioisomers in C-H Activation by Partial Isotopic Labeling
Authors: Sojdak Christopher , Polefrone David , Shah Hriday , Vu Cassandra , Orzolek Brandon , Jimenez Antenucci Pedro , Valadez Bush Micah , Kozlowski Marisa
Published: July 2024

C–H functionalization of complex substrates is highly enabling in total synthesis and in the development of late-stage drug candidates. Much work has been dedicated towards developing new methods as well as developing predictive modeling to accelerate route scouting. However, workflows to identify regioisomeric products are arduous, typically requiring chromatographic separation and/or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. In addition, most reports focus on major products or do not assign regioisomeric products which biases predictive models constructed from such data. Herein, we present a novel approach to complex reaction analysis utilizing partial deuterium labels which enables direct product identification via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. When combined with spectral deconvolution, the method generates product ratios while circumventing chromatography altogether. Competitive kinetic isotope effects can also be determined. The resultant data is expected to be useful in the construction of predictive models across several dimensions including reaction selectivity, the impact of structure on mechanism, and mass spectral ionization patterns.
Dynamic combinatorial chemistry for the multiplexed identification of glyco-dyn[n]arenes in an anti-adhesive strategy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Demontrond Fanny , Pascal Yoann , Donnier-Maréchal Marion , Raillon Corentin , Luton Baptiste , De la Tramblais Clara , Vial Laurent , Gueyrard David , Galia Wessam , Berger Emmanuelle , Géloën Alain , Cournoyer Benoit , Leclaire Julien , Vidal Sebastien
Published: July 2024

Carbohydrate-protein interactions are of prime importance in cell-cell communication, signal transduction, cancer, bacterial or viral infection. Chemists have designed multivalent systems to mimick these recognition phenomena and provide potent ligands of these proteins with foreseen therapeutic applications. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry provides access to a library of chemical species in equilibrium through reversible covalent bonds. This strategy can be readily applied to the rapid and efficient identification of multivalent glycoclusters by introducing a protein into the equilibrating library for the selection of the fittest glycocluster for this protein. 1,4-Dithiophenols conjugated to monosaccharides were equilibrated into dynamic combinatorial libraries providing a diverse mixture of glycoclusters. Selection of the best ligand for different lectins (ConA, LecA and LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa) could increase the concentration of glyco-dyn[3]arenes and glyco-dyn[4]arenes. A key aspect of this strategy is that multiplexing can be readily achieved by using two building blocks (galactosylated and fucosylated 1,4-dithiophenols) to interrogate several lectins at once in a single experiment. These macrocyclic glycoclusters could be synthesized, isolated, then evaluated as ligands of the lectins and displayed nanomolar dissociation constants. Furthermore, while no toxicity could be detected against human cells or bacteria, their evaluation as anti-adhesive agents could be confirmed through a virulence assay on human A549 lung epithelial cells.
Assessment of Fine-Tuned Large Language Models for Real-World Chemistry and Material Science Applications
Authors: van Herck Joren , Gil Maria Victoria , Jablonka Kevin Maik , Abrudan Alex , Anker Andy , Asgari Mehrdad , Blaiszik Ben , Choudhury Leander , Corminboeuf Clemence , Daglar Hilal , Foster Ian T. , Garcia Susana , Garvin Matthew , Godin Guillaume , Good Lydia L. , Gu Jianan , Hu Noemie Xiao , Jin Xin , Junkers Tanja , Keskin Seda , Knowles Tuomas P.J. , Laplaza Ruben , Majumdar Sauradeep , Mashhadimoslem Hossein , McIntosh Ruaraidh D. , Moosavi Seyed Mohamad , Mourino Beatriz , Nerli Francesca , Pevida Covadonga , Poudineh Neda , Rajabi-Kochi Mahyar , Saar Kadi L. , Saboor Fahimeh H. , Sagharichiha Morteza , Schmidt KJ , Shi Jiale , Svatunek Dennis , Taddei Marco , Tetko Igor , Tolnai Domonkos , Vahdatifar Sahar , Whitmer Jonathan , Wieland Florian , Willumeit-Romer Regine , Zuttel Andreas , Smit Berend
Published: July 2024

The current generation of large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, have limited chemical knowledge. Recently, it has been shown that these LLMs can learn and predict chemical properties through fine-tuning. In this work, we explore the potential and limitations of this approach. We studied the performance of fine-tuning GPT-J-6B, a public-domain version of the GPT family, for a range of different chemical questions. We find that in most, if not all, cases, this approach outperforms the benchmark (random guessing) for a simple classification problem. Depending on the size of the dataset and the type of questions, we can also address more sophisticated problems. The most important conclusions of this work are that, for all datasets considered, their conversion into an LLM fine-tuning training set is straightforward and that fine-tuning with even relatively small datasets leads to predictive models. These results suggest that the systematic use of LLMs to guide experiments and simulations will be a powerful technique in any research study, significantly reducing unnecessary experiments or computations.
Absolute Binding Free Energies with OneOPES
Authors: Karrenbrock Maurice , Borsatto Alberto , Rizzi Valerio , Lukauskis Dominykas , Aureli Simone , Gervasio Francesco Luigi
Published: July 2024

The calculation of absolute binding free energies (ABFEs) for protein-ligand systems has long been a challenge. Recently, refined force fields and algorithms have improved the quality of ABFE calculations. However, achieving the level of accuracy required to inform drug discovery efforts remains difficult. Here, we present a transferable enhanced sampling strategy to accurately calculate absolute binding free energies using OneOPES with simple geometric collective variables. We tested the strategy on two protein targets, BRD4 and Hsp90, complexed with a total of 17 chemically diverse ligands, including both molecular fragments and drug-like molecules. Our results show that OneOPES accurately predicts protein–ligand binding affinities with a mean unsigned error within 1 kcal mol-1 of experimentally determined free energies, without the need to tailor the collective variables to each system. Furthermore, our strategy effectively samples different ligand binding modes, and consistently matches the experimentally determined structures regardless of the initial protein-ligand configuration. Our results suggest that the proposed OneOPES strategy can be used to inform lead optimization campaigns in drug discovery and to study protein-ligand binding and unbinding mechanisms.