bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of applying digital process innovation to farm management on farmer welfare: A multiple case study
Authors: Suksa-ngiam Watanyoo , Bechor Tamir
Published: June 2024

Thailand's agricultural sector is the lowest-paying sector. Research on digital process innovation is needed in Thailand, where specific contexts are critical in filling the literature gap. This study investigates how digital process innovations can enhance farmers’ welfare. The research method is a multiple-case study with three cases. A multiple-case study can answer how and why questions and provide analytic generalizations. Case 1 was a GIS decision support system. Cases 2 and 3 were IoT-based farming systems. The Thai government supported all the cases. These cases utilized IT to facilitate digital process innovations as farm management concepts, such as agricultural safety, crop suitability, demand-driven agriculture, farmer networks, multi-cropping, smart farming, and precision agriculture. These cases were investigated independently and then integrated into a synthesized data model. The study collected data from 32 participants, including developers who invented the cases, mid-tier employees and local government officers who facilitated the use of the cases, user farmers who used the cases, and non-user farmers who grew the same crop but did not use the cases and served as the control group for each case. The data model demonstrates how advancements in digital process innovations impact farmers’ welfare. Additionally, this study makes theoretical and practical recommendations.
A hardshell reservoir technique for administering del Nido cardioplegia
Authors: Comentale Giuseppe , Notarnicola Alessandra , Ruffo Ilaria , Pisco Paola Bianca , Milione Anna , Pacciolla Antonio , Damiano Anna , Calanni Concetta , Pilato Emanuele
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The use of del Nido cardioplegia has increased in the adult cardiac surgery population. Centers have adopted the formula with a variety of circuit systems. This report includes our set up for delivering 1:4 (blood: crystalloid) del Nido cardioplegia.

Materials and Methods

A homemade circuit for cardioplegia administration was built with a pediatric reservoir, a roller pump, a coil cooler, a 3/16-inch circuit to administer and recycle cardioplegia, and two ¼-inch tubes to collect the patient’s blood.

Technique

The circuit allows the perfusionist to collect the blood directly from the cardiopulmonary bypass arterial limb of the circuit, to precisely mix it with the crystalloid component of the del Nido cardioplegia solution already in the reservoir, and to administer the final solution under strictly controlled parameters.

We present a circuit design that can accurately measure and administer del Nido cardioplegia through the use of a roller pump and a pediatric reservoir. It simplifies and enhances the accuracy and efficiency of cardioplegic administration in our practice.
Unveiling the spirit of publicness: Conceptualization and validation of a publicness perceptions scale
Authors: Dryzin-Amit Yinnon , Vashdi Dana R , Vigoda-Gadot Eran
Published: June 2024

This study theoretically and empirically tests a Publicness Perceptions Scale (PPS). Our goal is to understand the dimensions of publicness as interpreted by individuals working within different types of organizations, and the extent to which these perceptions vary across sectors. A two-study design with independent samples is used. Based on a literature review supported by an expert’s survey and original empirical data, the PPS is constructed and validated. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated the PPS is composed of five reliable factors: (1) perceived ownership, funding, and political control; (2) perceived market control; (3) perceived legality and equity; (4) perceived accountability, and (5) perceived transparency. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggests a second-order single PPS factor. Study 2 also demonstrates the scale’s convergent, discriminant, and incremental validities. The paper concludes with theoretical, empirical, and practical advantages of the new PPS scale.
Improved Trip Distribution Models Using the Empirical Bayes Method
Authors: Zhang Qian , Ye Xin , Wang Ke , Liu Ying
Published: June 2024

The destination choice model considers each individual as a fundamental analytical unit, thereby providing increased flexibility in accommodating a wide range of factors that influence destination choice behaviors compared to aggregate trip distribution models. However, in practical applications, practitioners have found that there are still influencing factors that cannot be represented in the model, resulting in a huge deviation between the predicted trip distribution and the actual trip distribution. To enhance the predictive accuracy of the destination choice model, this paper proposes a new computational method based on a combination of the traditional destination choice model and the empirical Bayes (EB) method. It can integrate additional information from trip frequencies in the survey data with the information from various influencing factors in the traditional destination choice model. The proposed EB model is developed for commuting trips based on 2019 Shanghai Household Travel Survey data, and the model is validated using the survey data and mobile signaling data. For comparisons, both the traditional destination choice model and the proposed EB method are applied to distribute trips. The analytical results indicate that the EB method outperforms the traditional model in all the goodness-of-fit indicators, and the prediction errors are reduced in all the validation procedures. It is therefore expected that the proposed EB method based on Bayesian statistics may improve the predictive capability of the destination choice model for trip distribution.
Efficient Convex-Hull-Based Vehicle Pose Estimation Method for 3D LiDAR
Authors: Ding Ningning , Ming Ruihao , Wang Bo
Published: June 2024

Vehicle pose estimation with light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is essential in the perception technology of autonomous driving. However, because of incomplete observation measurements and sparsity of the LiDAR point cloud, it is challenging to achieve satisfactory pose extraction based on 3D LiDAR with the existing pose estimation methods. In addition, the demand for real-time performance further increases the difficulty of the pose estimation task. In this paper, we propose a novel vehicle pose estimation method based on the convex hull. The extracted 3D cluster is reduced to the convex hull, reducing the subsequent computation burden while preserving essential contour information. Subsequently, a novel criterion based on the minimum occlusion area is developed for the search-based algorithm, enabling accurate pose estimation. Additionally, this criterion renders the proposed algorithm particularly well-suited for obstacle avoidance. The proposed algorithm is validated on the KITTI dataset and a manually labeled dataset acquired at an industrial park. The results demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve better accuracy than the classical pose estimation method while maintaining real-time speed.
ACL Reconstruction Using Quadrupled Semitendinosus Versus Double-Stranded Semitendinosus and Gracilis Autograft: 2-Year Results From a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Mo Ingunn Fleten , Harlem Thomas , Faleide Anne Gro Heyn , Strand Torbjørn , Vindfeld Søren , Solheim Eirik , Inderhaug Eivind
Published: June 2024

Background:

A disadvantage of using hamstring tendon autograft consisting of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is pain from tendon harvesting and persistent hamstring weakness. In the tendon-sparing all-inside technique, a quadrupled semitendinosus graft and adjustable-loop cortical fixation are suggested to give less postoperative flexion deficits while displaying overall similar clinical results to the traditional hamstring technique. However, there are a limited number of high-quality studies comparing these techniques with inconsistent results.

Purpose:

To investigate differences between the all-inside (quadrupled semitendinosus) and traditional hamstring (double-stranded semitendinosus and gracilis) technique regarding (1) self-reported function, (2) hamstring strength, and (3) knee laxity.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 98 patients were randomized to either the all-inside or the traditional hamstring technique. Perioperatively, duration of surgery and graft size were obtained. The International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 Subjective Knee Form score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Tegner Activity Scale score, knee laxity (KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference and pivot shift), range of motion, isokinetic knee strength, and hop test score were collected preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. Return-to-sport readiness was evaluated 9 months postoperatively.

Results:

A total of 89 patients completed 2-year follow-up, 45 patients with the all-inside technique and 44 patients with the traditional hamstring technique. There were no significant differences between groups in any of the outcome measures 2 years after surgery, but there was a tendency in the all-inside group toward having increased anterior translation (mean, 3.6 mm vs 2.7 mm), a higher number of revision surgeries (5 patients vs 2 patients), and more patients having +1 and +2 pivot-shift values (29 vs 18 patients) when compared with the traditional group.

Conclusion:

The all-inside technique yields equivalent results to the traditional hamstring technique 2 years after surgery and should be considered a reliable technique to use for ACL reconstruction. Sparing the gracilis tendon does not lead to less persistent hamstring weakness. Long-term follow-up is needed to further determine whether the tendency of increased anterior translation seen at 2 years postoperatively will lead to a higher risk of graft failure.
Thermal response of timber connections using densified wood dowels under fire
Authors: Khelifa Mourad , Tran Trong Tuan , Khennane Amar , Oudjene Marc , Rogaume Yann
Published: June 2024

A new type of timber connection using densified wood dowels is being developed and tested. The procedure involves inserting these densified dowels into pre-drilled holes. As this connection technique is in its early stages, a unique design approach is necessary, considering the impact of temperature variations. The primary goal is to characterize the thermal behaviour of these connections under elevated temperatures. The study employs an experimental approach, complemented by numerical analysis, innovatively applying kinetic models, commonly used for investigating heat-related biomass characteristics, to wood. The method requires the use of thermogravimetric analysis to identify the kinetic parameters. The proposed pyrolysis kinetic model has been implemented in the Abaqus/Implicit code via a user subroutine UMATHT. The study concludes that using kinetic models enhances accuracy by considering mass loss, a key factor influencing thermal properties. Simulation successfully replicates temperature distribution and charred layer thickness, crucial for designing timber structures.
Black Unsettlement: Embodied Blackness and Black Studies in the Irish Context
Authors: Mullen Philomena
Published: June 2024

Reflecting the call for diverse opinions in knowledge production, this article is a personal perspective on the positioning of Black Studies in Ireland. Black Studies as praxi-theory foregrounds the inseparability of embodied experiences from epistemic subject, since the knowledge production process is inherently subjective. Within the Irish racial ecology, the specificities of being Black suggest using the term anti-blackness rather than racism to address systemic racial violence against the Black body. While the presence of blackness in Ireland challenges imagined narratives of racial homogeneity, anti-blackness is deeply entrenched within academic texts, materials and ideas, shaping knowledge production cultures and systems. To understand the nature of anti-blackness in Ireland, a number of concepts which inform the author's work will be introduced. Xeno/miso-phenotypic prejudice encompasses both bias and aversion in relation to the Black body. Unexpected Irishness reflects the dissonance in some imagined white spaces, discourses and epistemes when confronted by the onto-epistemological totality of blackness. The author, positioned as a Black academic teaching Black Studies, underscores the potential tokenisation of Black scholarship within Higher Education Institutions and the toll on Black academics’ well-being. The text calls for a genuine elevation of Black Studies, acknowledging its power to unsettle academic complacency.
The Influence of Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy on Breastfeeding Behavior of Taiwanese Pregnant Women
Authors: Teng Ya-Fang , Ho Yen-Ju
Published: June 2024

Background:

The benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and infants are well known. However, in Taiwan, the average breastfeeding rate remains below the World Health Organization recommendations. Breastfeeding self-efficacy is a known predictor of breastfeeding.

Research Aims:

To determine: (1) the relationship of sociodemographic factors to prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy, and (2) the relationship of sociodemographic factors and prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy to breastfeeding behavior at 8 weeks postpartum among women living in Taiwan.

Methods:

This was a prospective cohort study of 206 pregnant women collected in an outpatient clinic located in Taiwan. The validated Chinese version of the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (PBSES) was used to measure self-efficacy for breastfeeding during pregnancy. At 8 weeks postpartum, participants were contacted by telephone to obtain information regarding infant feeding method and duration.

Results:

The mean age of the pregnant women was 32 years, and the mean prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy score was 78.6 ( SD = 10.6). Scores differed across levels of maternal education, previous breastfeeding experience, and support systems. Prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy scores were highest among participants reporting spouse support versus other types of support. Maternal age and prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy were predictive of breastfeeding duration. A 1-year increase in maternal age was associated with a 6% lower likelihood of breastfeeding for at least 2 months postpartum, and a 1-point increase in the prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy score was associated with a 14% increase in the likelihood of breastfeeding for at least 2 months postpartum.

Conclusions:

Prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy may help predict breastfeeding continuation among Taiwanese women in the first 2 months postpartum.
MALAT1/miR-7-5p/TCF4 Axis Regulating Menstrual Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Thin Endometrium Fertility by the Wnt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Huiru , Chen Kai , Zong Lu , Zhao Xin , Wang Jingxin , Fan Shiwei , Shen Bing , Zheng Shengxia
Published: June 2024

Thin endometrium (TE) is a significant factor contributing to fertility challenges, and addressing this condition remains a central challenge in reproductive medicine. Menstrual blood–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) play a crucial role in tissue repair and regeneration, including that of TE. The Wnt signaling pathway, which is highly conserved and prevalent in eukaryotes, is essential for cell proliferation, tissue development, and reproductive functions. MALAT1 is implicated in various transcriptional and molecular functions, including cell proliferation and metastasis. However, the combined effects of the Wnt signaling pathway and the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 on the regulation of MenSCs’ regenerative capabilities in tissue engineering have not yet been explored. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of MALAT1 in TE, we analyzed its expression levels in normal endometrium and TE tissues, finding that low expression of MALAT1 was associated with poor clinical prognosis. In addition, we conducted both in vitro and in vivo functional assays to examine the role of the MALAT1/miR-7-5p/TCF4 axis in cell proliferation and migration. Techniques such as dual-luciferase reporter assay, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and immunoblot experiments were utilized to clarify the molecular mechanism. To corroborate these findings, we established a TE model and conducted pregnancy experiments, demonstrating a strong association between MALAT1 expression and endometrial fertility. In conclusion, our comprehensive study provides strong evidence supporting that lncRNA MALAT1 modulates TCF4 expression in the Wnt signaling pathway through interaction with miR-7-5p, thus enhancing MenSCs-mediated improvement of TE and improving fertility.
Tools for the identification of victims of domestic abuse and modern slavery in remote services: A systematic review
Authors: Tomsett Bella , Álvarez-Rodríguez Johanna , Sherriff Nigel , Edelman Natalie , Gatuguta Anne
Published: June 2024

Objective

To explore the technology-based tools available for supporting the identification of victims of domestic abuse and modern slavery in remote services and consider the benefits and challenges posed by the existing tools.

Methods

We searched six academic databases. Studies were considered for inclusion if they were published in English between 2000 and 2023. The QuADS quality appraisal tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted using the convergent integrated approach.

Results

Twenty-four studies were included, of which two were professional guidelines; each reported on a distinct technology-based tool for remote services. All tools related to domestic abuse and 21 focused on screening for intimate partner violence among young and mid-life women (18–65) in high-income countries. The review did not identify tools that support the identification of victims of modern slavery. We identified eight common themes of tool strengths, highlighting that the remote approach to screening was practical, acceptable to victims, and, in some circumstances, elicited better outcomes than face-to-face approaches. Five themes pointed to tool challenges, such as concerns around privacy and safety, and the inability of computerised tools to provide empathy and emotional support.

Conclusions

Available technology-based tools may support the identification of victims of domestic abuse by health and social care practitioners in remote services. However, it is important to be mindful of the limitations of such tools and the effects individuals’ screening preferences can have on outcomes. Future research should focus on developing tools to support the identification of victims of modern slavery, as well as empirically validating tools for screening during remote consultations.
Public primary school teachers’ perceptions and assessment of young learners’ engagement
Authors: Dao Phung , Le Diem Bui Trang , Nguyen Mai Xuan Nhat Chi
Published: June 2024

This exploratory study investigated second language (L2) teachers’ perceptions and assessment of young learners’ (aged 8–10 years) engagement, particularly focusing on the definition of engagement, its indicators, the teachers’ assessment of engagement during live task performances in intact classes, and their use of engagement-promoting strategies. The participants included 12 experienced L2 teachers recruited from various primary schools in Vietnam. Their perceptions regarding young learner engagement, its indicators, live engagement assessments, and engagement-promoting strategies were elicited using multiple tools, including semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, field notes, stimulated recalls, and reflective frames. The results revealed that teachers perceived young learner engagement as demonstrated by active participation and focus during task performance. They emphasized the behavioural and emotional aspects of engagement as key dimensions in assessing young learners’ engagement levels during task performance and thus tending to design tasks that largely foster these dimensions. The teachers also shared a variety of engagement-promoting strategies that were tailored to the characteristics of young learners. The overall results suggest the need to raise teachers’ awareness of a more comprehensive view of young learner engagement as well as reconsider task designs that could promote various aspects of engagement, rather than primarily or solely focusing on the aspect of ‘fun’ or emotional engagement.
Revisiting citizen journalism scholarship in the Web Era (1994-2023): Past, present, and prospect
Authors: Nah Seungahn , Luo Jun , Akçakır Gülşah , Wu Xinlei , Nam Gwiwon , Kim Seungbae
Published: June 2024

The study revisits citizen journalism scholarship spanning 30 years of journal articles published in the fields of journalism, communication, media, technology studies, and beyond. Previous studies in this domain have endeavored to evaluate the landscape of citizen journalism research since the inception of the Internet and its associated web technologies in 1994. Nonetheless, it remains fully unexplored concerning the topology and knowledge network structure of citizen journalism scholarship. The study assesses the landscape of citizen journalism scholarship over the past 30 years by employing a variety of mixed methods, including topic modeling, bibliometric analysis, and manual content analysis. This study provides an exploratory examination of the realm of citizen journalism within the context of journalism and democracy and further discusses the past, present, and prospects for future directions of this field. The study aims to advance citizen journalism scholarship in terms of theory, research, practice, and policy implications with a focus on English language articles. While the study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on citizen journalism scholarship, it serves as a catalyst for continuous intellectual inquiry in an international and interdisciplinary environment.
Free and open source systems: Their value for engaging learners in online settings
Authors: Peterson Sarah , Finn Don
Published: June 2024

In higher education, a primary concern with online learning versus in-person learning centers on offering and facilitating effective communication and collaboration opportunities for students. New technologies, specifically free and open source system (FOSS) applications, help bridge these gaps by giving instructors and students the means to effectively collaborate online. Instructors appear to be at the forefront of integrating these tools, as they are adopting free online applications for their courses on their own, but they do not have readily available support from their institution, particularly for incorporating these tools with a learning management system (LMS). A study including 165 higher education instructors determined the most prominent FOSS applications adopted by faculty, as well as what areas institutions can dedicate support through resources and personnel. Based on these results, the research provided an understanding of how institutions can implement support for instructors to combine FOSS applications with an institution’s LMS successfully. Institutions should concentrate on personnel support and provide their faculty with guided resources, best practices, training, and professional development opportunities to increase use and keep it consistent across their digital campus.
DHCR24 in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Fu Xin , Wang Zhaosong
Published: June 2024

As an important nutrient in the human body, cholesterol can not only provide structural components for the body's cells, but also can be transformed into a variety of active substances to regulate cell signaling pathways. As an important cholesterol synthase, DHCR24 participates in important regulatory processes in the body. The application of DHCR24 in tumor clinical diagnosis and treatment also attracts much attention. This article reviews the structure and regulatory characteristics of DHCR24, and the research of DHCR24 on tumor progression. We summarize the possible mechanisms of DHCR24 promoting tumor progression through reactive oxygen species (ROS), p53, Ras and PI3K-AKT pathways. Through our review, we hope to provide more research ideas and reference value for the application of DHCR24 in tumor prevention and treatment.
A scoping review of patient and public involvement in empirical stroke research
Authors: da Cruz Peniche Paula , de Morais Faria Christina Danielli Coelho , Hall Patricia , Fingleton Caitriona , McPhillips Louise , Gaetz Rebecca , Roche Aaron , McCann Laura , O’Beaglaoich Padraig , Murphy Diarmuid , Hickey Julianne , Lennon Olive
Published: June 2024

Background:

Impactful, evidence-based solutions in surveillance, prevention, acute care, and rehabilitation for stroke survivors are required to address the high global burden of stroke. Patient and public involvement (PPI), where patients, their families, and the public are actively involved as research partners, enhances the relevance, credibility, and impact of stroke-related research.

Aims:

This scoping review, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Scoping Review guidelines, aims to identify and summarize how PPI is currently implemented and reported in empirical stroke research using a participatory approach.

Summary of review:

A comprehensive search strategy was developed and implemented across Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsynchINFO, and Cochrane electronic databases, supplemented by gray literature searches. Empirical stroke research articles in the English language, published from 2014 up to 2023, and documenting PPI activity were included. Of the 18,143 original articles identified, 2824 full-text manuscripts matching from this time window were screened. Only 2% (n = 72) of these directly reported embedded PPI activity in empirical research. The majority were qualitative in design (60%) and conducted in high-income countries (96%). Only one included study originated from a developing country, where the burden of stroke is highest. Most studies (94%) provided some information about the activities carried out with their PPI partners, mainly centered on the study design (57%) and management (64%), with only 4% of studies integrating PPI across all research cycle phases from funding application to dissemination. When studies were examined for compliance with the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP) short-form checklist, only 11% of included studies were 100% compliant. Twenty-one studies (29%) reported barriers and facilitators to including PPI in stroke research. Organization, authentic partnership, and experienced PPI representatives were common facilitators and identified barriers reflected concerns around adequate funding, time required, and diversity in perspectives. A positive reporting bias for PPI impact was observed, summarized as keeping the patient perspective central to the research process, improved care of study participants, validation of study findings, and improved communication/lay-summaries of complex research concepts.

Conclusions:

PPI is underutilized and inconsistently reported in current empirical stroke research. PPI must become more widely adopted, notably in low- and middle-income countries. Consensus-driven standards for inclusion of PPI by funding organizations and publishers are required to support its widespread adoption.
Spatial partitioning of the football pitch based on successful passing paths
Authors: Cao Shun
Published: June 2024

While it is evident that disparities exist across various areas on a football pitch, and numerous studies have investigated spatio-temporal datasets in football for various analyses, there remains a lack of an effective method for quantitatively partitioning the pitch into specific areas with different properties. To address this gap, this article presents a novel approach to partitioning a football pitch into distinct areas based on successful passing paths that lead to goals. Utilizing hierarchical clustering and spatial/temporal features derived from successful passing paths, the study provides multi-level partitions of the football pitch, revealing detailed insights into the relationships between specific areas and scored shots in football games. Empirical analysis of over 4000 successful passing paths from various football leagues and international football events demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in identifying and understanding the diverse areas of football pitches. The findings suggest practical applications in football analysis, aiding coaches and specialists in tactics development and informing player positioning and movement strategies.
A See change? The problematic (visual) politics of screening the Anthropocene
Authors: Saunders Robert A
Published: June 2024

Using the concept of the Anthropo(s)cene, this article interrogates the visual politics of See (2019-2022) to examine the ways in which screened landscapes can be deployed to engage with subconscious guilt associated with the despoiling of the natural environment. Employing a critical assessment of See’s narrative, visuals and production practices, this article argues that the series serves as an example of humanity’s attempt to address its impact on the planet, while simultaneously functioning as a testament to the species’ failure to move beyond the ocularcentrism that many critics suggest sustains the very ideologies that have wrought the New Human Epoch.
Health literacy and cognitive function in people with diabetic foot ulcer with focus on knowledge, attitude, and practice in relation to foot self-care
Authors: Simonsen Morten Bilde , Christiansen Sofie Ladekarl , Pedersen Mona Kyndi , Røikjer Johan , Croosu Suganthiya Santhiapillai , Leutscher Peter Derek Christian , Ejskjaer Niels
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Preventative foot self-care is vital for avoiding diabetic foot ulcer episodes and lowering the risk of amputations. Yet, it demands high levels of health literacy and cognitive function.

Objective:

To investigate health literacy and cognitive function in persons presenting with a diabetic foot ulcer.

Methods:

Participants with type 2 diabetes were recruited from the tertiary foot clinic at Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark. The European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination were applied. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to evaluate foot self-care knowledge, attitude, and practice. The qualitative data were analyzed with a deductive approach based on a qualitative thematic analysis model. Subsequently, an integrated analysis of the quantitative and qualitative results was conducted.

Results:

The participants ( n = 12) had a mean age of 62.6 ± 8.4 years, and 11 were males. The mean diabetes duration was 15.9 ± 8.9 years. Eight participants had a recurrent diabetic foot ulcer. The health literacy level was sufficient in nine participants, and cognitive function was normal in five participants. Three different profiles related to foot self-care ( proactive, active, or passive, respectively) were constructed by the final integrated analysis: a proactive profile refers to taking preventative action in concordance with knowledge and attitude, an active profile to taking action in response to a situation, but challenged by conflicting levels of knowledge and attitude, and a passive profile to not taking action.

Conclusion:

The study suggests that people presenting with a diabetic foot ulcer have different foot self-care profiles based on person-specific health literacy, cognitive function, and knowledge, attitude, and practice element characteristics, highlighting the need for individualized education and intervention strategy instead of a one-size-fits-all approach.
Evaluating an interactive tool that reasons about quality of life to support life planning by older people
Authors: Maiden Neil , Hide Sophie , Lockerbie James , Stumpf Simone , Hoe Juanita , Hirani Shashi
Published: June 2024

Objectives

In response to the lack of digital support for older people to plan their lives for quality of life, research was undertaken to co-design and then evaluate a new digital tool that combined interactive guidance for life planning with a computerised model of quality of life.

Method

First, a workshop-based process for co-designing the SCAMPI tool with older people is reported. A first version of this tool was then evaluated over eight consecutive weeks by nine older people living in their own homes. Four of these people were living with Parkinson's disease, one with early-stage dementia, and four without any diagnosed chronic condition. Regular semi-structured interviews were undertaken with each individual older person and, where wanted, their life partner. A more in-depth exit interview was conducted at the end of the period of tool use. Themes arising from analyses of content from these interviews were combined with first-hand data collected from the tool's use to develop a description of how each older person used the tool over the 8 weeks.

Results

The findings provided the first evidence that the co-designed tool, and in particular the computerised model, could offer some value to older people. Although some struggled to use the tool as it was designed, which led to limited uptake of the tool's suggestions, the older people reported factoring these suggestions into their longer-term planning, as health and/or circumstances might change.

Conclusions

The article contributes to the evolving discussion about how to deploy such digital technologies to support quality of life more effectively.
Unveiling the Linkages Among Self-efficacy, Work Alienation and Turnover Intentions Using the PLS-SEM Approach
Authors: Singh Sabia , Randhawa Gurpreet
Published: June 2024

One of the vital concerns of the banking sector, like any other industry, is to avert the departure of its valuable human resources. Although the extant literature has highlighted the influence of organisational and attitudinal factors on employees’ turnover intentions, the research in the context of individual-level factors and negative job attitudes is still scanty. In this regard, the current study seeks to investigate the impact of self-efficacy on bank employees’ turnover intentions. The study also focuses on work alienation as a potential intervening variable between the aforementioned constructs. Data for the present research were collected from 381 Indian bank employees using a purposive cum convenience sampling technique and a standardised questionnaire. The results of partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) depicted that self-efficacy had a significant negative effect on turnover intentions. Work alienation was also discovered to be a significant partial mediator. The present study extends valuable insights to academicians, policy makers and human resources (HR) practitioners for curtailing bank employees’ turnover intentions.
Biomechanical Properties and Kinematics of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Walsh Justin M. , Credille Kevin , Allahabadi Sachin , Kaplan Daniel J. , Darbandi Azad D. , Huddleston Hailey P. , Hevesi Mario , Wang Zachary , Dandu Navya , Yanke Adam B.
Published: June 2024

Background:

While the biomechanical properties of the native medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) have been well studied, there is no comprehensive summary of the biomechanics of MPFL reconstruction (MPFLR). An accurate understanding of the kinematic properties and functional behavior of current techniques used in MPFLR is imperative to restoring native biomechanics and improving outcomes.

Purpose:

To provide a comprehensive review of the biomechanical effects of variations in MPFLR, specifically to determine the effect of graft choice and reconstruction technique.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 32 studies met inclusion criteria: (1) using ≥8 human cadaveric specimens, (2) reporting on a component of MPFLR, and (3) having multiple comparison groups.

Results:

Gracilis, semitendinosus, and quadriceps grafts demonstrated an ultimate load to failure (N) of 206.2, 102.8, and 190.0 to 205.0 and stiffness (N/mm) of 20.4, 8.5, and 21.4 to 33.6, respectively. Single-bundle and double-bundle techniques produced an ultimate load to failure (N) of 171 and 213 and stiffness (N/mm) of 13.9 and 17.1, respectively. Anchors placed centrally and superomedially in the patella produced the smallest degree of length changes throughout range of motion in contrast to anchors placed more proximally. Sutures, suture anchors, and transosseous tunnels all produced similar ultimate load to failure, stiffness, and elongation data. Femoral tunnel malpositioning resulted in significant increases in contact pressures, patellar translation, tilt, and graft tightening or loosening. Low tension grafts (2 N) most closely restored the patellofemoral contact pressures, translation, and tilt. Graft fixation angles variably and inconsistently altered contact pressures, and patellar translation and tilt.

Conclusion:

Data demonstrated that placement of the MPFLR femoral tunnel at the Schöttle point is critical to success. Femoral tunnel diameter should be ≥2 mm greater than graft diameter to limit graft advancement and overtensioning. Graft fixation, regardless of graft choice or fixation angle, is optimally performed under minimal tension with patellar fixation at the medial and superomedial patella. However, lower fixation angles may reduce graft strain, and higher fixation angles may exacerbate anisometry and length changes if femoral tunnel placement is nonanatomic.
Screening for Child Abuse in the Emergency Department of Academic Hospital Paramaribo in Suriname
Authors: LD Eeftinck Schattenkerk , MHJ Loos , MCM Schouten , I Cheuk-Alam , R Bakx , NPA Lissone
Published: June 2024

Background. Child abuse in Suriname has a prevalence between 58.2% and 68.8%. This prospective observational study evaluates the implementation of screening for child abuse at the Emergency Department (ED) of the Academic Hospital Paramaribo (AZP). Methods. Children (0-16 years) presenting with injury from 01-02-2018 until 31-08-2018 were eligible. Case-record-forms were completed. Multidisciplinary meetings were used to evaluate positive screened and admitted patients. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated and results were compared to retrospective data from 2016. Results. 3253 Children attended the ED. In 1190 (36.6%) children, the screening was completed. The screening was positive in 148 (12%); in 71 (6%) cases child abuse was confirmed. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.92 respectively, PPV 0.43, NPV 0.99. There was a significant increase of detected child abuse cases; 4.4% in 2016 versus 6% in 2018 ( P = .04). Conclusion. Implementation of screening at the ED in the AZP increased detection of child abuse. To improve screening’s accuracy, more education for healthcare professionals is pivotal.
Measuring Caste-based Inequities Impacting Indian Children: An Analysis of Minimum Nutrition Availability
Authors: Tom Ashmy , Irfan Zareena Begum
Published: June 2024

The Indian enigma, the prevalence of higher chronic undernutrition among Indian children compared to poorer countries, is driven by stunted children from the so-called lower caste. Based on this background, the study measures the extent of the inequities contributed by the caste system to the availability of minimum nutrition among children aged 2 years and less in the country. We use the third and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and employ the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for the analysis. HOI is the technique that measures the inequality of opportunity experienced by children. The study controls for other social, family, regional and child-level circumstances. Findings reveal that the success story of the economic growth of the country has not contributed to an equal allocation of minimum nutrition availability, where the absolute difference of the HOI index between children belonging to the low caste subgroups and others is high. On the other hand, considering the account of HOI across the two NFHS rounds for each subgroup, the improvement rate depicts an optimistic future.
Patterns and Determinants of Exclusive Smokeless Tobacco (Snus) Use, Exclusive Smoking and Dual Use in General Population During 20 Years
Authors: Ruokolainen Otto , Ollila Hanna , Härkänen Tommi
Published: June 2024

Background:

We investigate smokeless tobacco (snus) use and its correlates over 20 years in a country where selling snus is prohibited but a large import quota and illicit market exists.

Methods:

Repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys during 2000 to 2020 in Finland, including N = 57 111 adults aged 20 to 64 years. The outcome measures were current tobacco use (exclusive snus use, dual use, exclusive smoking, no tobacco use) and snus use (daily, occasional, no snus use). Study years, gender, age, education, marital status, self-rated health, body mass index, and binge drinking were used as explanatory variables.

Results:

Exclusive snus use and dual use increased 3.6% units and 2.6% units from 2000 to 2005 and from 2018 to 2020, respectively. Overall decrease of tobacco use was led by decreasing exclusive smoking from 30.1% to 18.2%. The shared risk factors for snus use and dual use were male gender, age group 20 to 34 years, and binge drinking. The increases in snus and dual use over time were also most prevalent among these groups. Among men, occasional smoking increased the likelihood of daily (relative risk ratio [RRR] 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42, 3.99) and occasional (RRR 3.11, 95% CI 1.93, 5.03) snus use.

Conclusions:

Snus use has increased among the general adult population in Finland during 2000 to 2020 yet remains less common than smoking. Snus use and dual use share some common risk factors. Snus use should be considered in cessation services, with support for quitting developed and targeted predominantly for men, younger adults, and persons drinking to intoxication.
Intravenous ibuprofen versus ketorolac for perioperative pain control in open abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Amin Sarah , Hasanin Ahmed , Attia Ola A , Mostafa Maha , Elzayat Nashwa S , Elsherbiny Mona , Eissa Amany A
Published: June 2024

Background

We aimed to compare the analgesic effects of intravenous ibuprofen to ketorolac after open abdominal hysterectomy.

Methods

This randomized double-blinded controlled trial included adult women scheduled for elective open abdominal hysterectomy. Participants were randomized to receive either 30 mg ketorolac (n = 50) or 800 mg ibuprofen (n = 50) preoperatively, then every 8 h postoperatively for 24 h. All participants received paracetamol 1 gm/6 h. Rescue analgesic was given if the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain assessment was > 3. The primary outcome was the mean postoperative dynamic VAS during the first 24 h. Secondary outcomes were static VAS, intraoperative fentanyl consumption, postoperative morphine consumption, time to independent movement, and patient’s satisfaction.

Results

Forty-six patients in the ibuprofen group and fifty patients in the ketorolac group were analyzed. The 24-h dynamic and static VAS were similar in the two groups. The median (quartiles) dynamic VAS was 1.1 (0.9, 1.9) in the ibuprofen group versus 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) in the ketorolac group, P-value = 0.116; and the median (quartiles) static VAS was 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) in the ibuprofen group versus 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) in the ketorolac group, P-value = 0.113. The intra- and postoperative analgesic requirements were also similar in the two groups. However, patient satisfaction was slightly higher in the ketorolac group than that in the ibuprofen group (median [quartiles]: 6 [5, 7] versus 5 [4, 7], respectively), P-value: 0.009.

Conclusion

The two drugs, intravenous ibuprofen and ketorolac produced similar analgesic profile in patients undergoing open abdominal hysterectomy receiving multimodal analgesic regimen. NCT05610384, Date of registration: 09/11/2022

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05610384. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05610384
Injury characteristics and mortality in an emergency department in Ethiopia: a single-center observational study
Authors: Abayneh Helina Bogale , Danielsen Stein Ove , Halvorsen Kristin , Engebretsen Stine
Published: June 2024

Introduction

An injury is described as any damage to the body that impairs health, and its severity can span from mild to life-threatening. On a global scale, injuries account for approximately 4.4 million deaths annually and are anticipated to become the seventh leading cause of death by 2030. In Ethiopia, injuries account for 7% of all deaths, with one of the world's highest rates of road traffic injuries. This study, undertaken at a primary trauma centre in the capital of Ethiopia, aimed to explore the characteristics of injured patients and emergency department mortality as the patient outcome. Understanding the patterns and outcomes of injuries helps to anticipate needs, prioritize patients, and allocate resources effectively.

Methods

A retrospective single-center observational study utilised patient records from September 2020 to August 2021 at Addis Ababa Burn Emergency and Trauma Hospital, located in Ethiopia. A structured checklist facilitated the data collection. All patients arriving in the ED from September 2020 to August 2021 were eligible for the study while incomplete records (missing > 20% of wanted data elements) were excluded.

Result

Of the 3502 injured patients recorded during the study period, 317 were selected. The mean patient age was 30 years, with 78.5% being male. About 8% arrived the emergency department within an hour after the injury. Ambulances transported 38.8% of patients; 58.5% of these were referred from other facilities. The predominant mechanism of injury both in and outside Addis Ababa was pedestrian road traffic injuries (31.4% and 38%). The predominant injury type was fractures (33.8%). The mortality rate was 5%, of which half were pedestrian road traffic incidents.

Conclusion

Pedestrian road traffic injuries were the main cause of injury in and outside of Addis Ababa. A small proportion of patients arrived at the emergency department within the first hour after an injury event. A significant proportion of ambulance-transported patients were referred from other facilities rather than directly from the scene. The overall mortality rate was high, with pedestrian road traffic injury accounting for half of the proportion.