bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service Industries - Specialization in Public Services (overall), 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Public-service activities are funded, located and administered by governments. The map shows the difference between the actual employment in all public-service activities and the expected level, based on the city's population. Unlike the various commercial
sectors, the consumption of public-sector services is not closely related to income levels, so the expected levels of employment depend mainly on population size. Cities with more public-sector jobs than expected are specialized; those with negative values are deficient. In general, smaller cities
are more likely to have high or low levels of public-sector specialization, since large cities tend to provide the full range of service activities and therefore have less specialization in services.
Service Industries - Specialization in Municipal Employment, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Public administration includes employment at the three levels of government: federal, provincial and municipal. The map shows the difference between the actual employment in public municipal employment and the expected level, based on the city's
population.
Service Industries - Specialization in Leisure Services, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the difference between the actual employment in leisure services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. Leisure services are a complex group. They are a combination of food services, typically found close to markets,
with no strong preference for city size or income; accommodation (hotels and motels), oriented to smaller centres and resort areas but especially in high-income areas; and recreation activities, found in both big-city and high-income locations. These activities are oriented to high-income consumers
and are often found in high-amenity rural locations, as well as in many big cities. Values are lowest in manufacturing centres in central Canada.
Service Industries - Specialization in Health Services, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Health and education services now dominate the public sector, and have become important components of the local economy and social well-being. The map shows the difference between the actual employment in health services and the expected level, based on the
city's population.
Service Industries - Specialization in Health and Education Services, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Health and education services now dominate the public sector, and have become important components of the local economy and social well-being. The map shows the difference between the actual employment in education and health activities and the expected level,
based on the city's population. For the most part, these services are funded by provincial agencies, although local agencies may make location decisions. Education and health facilities are not closely related to income levels, so the expected levels of employment depend mainly on the population
size. Cities with more health and education jobs than expected are specialized, while those with negative values are deficient.
Service Industries - Specialization in Food Services, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the difference between the actual employment in food services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income.
Service Industries - Specialization in Federal Employment, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Public administration includes employment at the three levels of government: federal, provincial and municipal. The map shows the difference between the actual employment in federal employment, 1996 and the expected level, based on the city's
population.
Service Industries - Specialization in Education Services, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Health and education services now dominate the public sector, and have become important components of the local economy and social well-being. The map shows the difference between the actual employment in education services and the expected level, based on the
city's population.
Service Industries - Specialization in Business Services, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Business services, the most rapidly growing sector within commercial services, includes accountants, computer services and other kinds of consultants all those activities that serve other businesses. This map shows the difference between the actual employment in
business services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income. Like financial services, business services are strongly oriented to big cities and to high-income locations, and within cities they concentrate in downtown office buildings and financial
districts.
Service Industries - Specialization in Accommodation Services, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the difference between the actual employment in accommodation services and the expected level, based on the city's population and income.
Service Industries - Commercial Activity Index, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The commercial activity index is a summary measure of the attraction of urban places as locations for commercial activity. The index compares the actual commercial employment to the employment predicted on the basis of population. Thus it captures both the
variation in income per capita (the attractiveness of the local market), and the centrality, as the ability to reach service areas outside the city. In combination, the variation in income per capita favours the industrial towns of Ontario, while the measure of centrality favours the smaller centres
of western Canada. The small resource centres, especially in the Atlantic region or Quebec have the lowest values. For a commercial service firm the index is a valuable indicator of the potential of a city to generate sales beyond the level indicated by its size; and for public institutions, that
are less sensitive to variations in level of income, the index measures the ability of the city to reach a larger population.
Selected Metal-production Facilities, 2004
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map depicts 59 metal-production facilities that operated for any period during 2004. There are no facilities shown in the Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Prince Edward Island or Nova Scotia.
Selected Metal-production Facilities, 2003
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map depicts 62 metal-production facilities that operated for any period during 2003. There are no facilities shown in the Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Prince Edward Island or Nova Scotia.
Sawmills
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Sawmilling is an important Canadian industry. Its plant locations are widely scattered across Canada, predominantly in the coniferous forest region. This map shows sawmills whose production exceeds 10 000 cubic metres of lumber per year. The map symbols indicate
the size of the mill and the type of lumber it produces.
Rural Health: Old-age Dependency Ratios, 2000
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the pattern of age-dependency ratio values for census divisions based on data collected in 2000. The ratio is measured as the number of people 65 years of age or older for every 100 people of working age (15 to 64 years of age). The geographic
distribution shows the predominance of very low values for this ratio in rural, non-agricultural areas, notably in the territories and in the northern parts of the larger provinces. In contrast high values occur for most agricultural areas The ratio value for Canada as a whole in 2000 was
18.3.
Rail Network, 2006
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006 there were 48 068 kilometres of railways, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. The two largest Class 1 carriers, Canadian National Railway Company (CN) which owns or leases 22 686 kilometres of railways and Canadian Pacific Rail Company
(CPR) which owns or leases 12 812 kilometres. The regional and shortline railways combined, own or lease a total of 11 734 kilometres.
Protecting Forests
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Approximately 7.6% of Canada's forest land is located in protected areas. Over 95% of protected forests are totally protected and the rest reflect degrees of human intervention such as logging, mining and agriculture. This map shows all the protected
areas in Canada.
Projected Market Share of Small Vans - 2010 Model (Human Activities Leading to Emissions)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The projected change in the market share of small vans in total light-duty vehicle sales, from the model year 1990 to 2010 based on the business-as-usual scenario is shown on this map. This scenario assumes that there are no major policy changes in the 1990 to
2010 period, which would affect vehicle preferences. Light-duty vehicles include all cars and light trucks. Over the forecasting period 1990 to 2010, there would be significant increases in the market share of small vans (about 16%) across Canada. The fastest growth in this vehicle market share
would take place in the Atlantic Provinces.
Projected Market Share of Large Cars - 2010 Model (Human Activities Leading to Emissions)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The projected change in the market share of large cars in total light-duty vehicle sales, from the model year 1990 to 2010 based on the business-as-usual scenario is shown on this map. This scenario assumes that there are no major policy changes during 1990 to
2010 period, which would affect vehicle preferences. Light-duty vehicles include all cars and light trucks. The pattern of spatial variation, in relation to the 1990 interpretation, remains largely unchanged in the projected market share of large cars for 2010. However, the projected changes from
1990 to 2010 vary significantly across Canada. It appears that areas with a low large car share in 1990 would have a more significant increase in this share over this period, while areas with a high large car share in 1990 tend to have a decrease in this class share over the same
period.
Projected Market Share of Compact Cars - 2010 Model (Human Activities Leading to Emissions)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The projected change in the market share of compact cars in total light-duty vehicle sales, from the model year 1990 to 2010 based on the business-as-usual scenario is shown on this map. This scenario assumes that there are no major policy changes during the 1990
to 2010 period, which would affect vehicle preferences. Light-duty vehicles include all cars and light trucks. The projection shows that, between the model years 1990 and 2010, the market share of compact cars in Canada would decrease from 27% to 20%, specifically, areas in the Atlantic
Provinces and Quebec. There are also significant proportional reductions of market share in some areas of Alberta and British Columbia.
Presence of Humans in Forests - Population Density
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Increases in population, urbanisation and the development of the road network have replaced large forested lands and have created pressures on the remaining forests (or woodlands). Three principal Canadian forested regions have been most affected by these events:
the Windsor-Québec corridor, the Prairies and the south-west of British Columbia.
Presence of Humans in Forests - Kilometres of Roads
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Increases in population, urbanisation and the development of the road network have replaced large forested lands and have created pressures on the remaining forests (or woodlands). Three principal Canadian forested regions have been most affected by these events:
the Windsor-Québec corridor, the Prairies and the south-west of British Columbia.
Precious-metal Mines, 2004
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map depicts the 32 precious-metal mines that operated for any period during 2004. Precious-metal mines produce gold, silver, palladium and uranium. There were no active precious-metal mines in the Yukon Territory, Alberta, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick
or Nova Scotia for this year. The locations of 2 uranium-processing facilities and 2 precious-metal refineries are shown to provide an industrial context for precious-metal mining activity.
Potential Impacts: Sensitivity of River Regions to Climate Change
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The most sensitive river regions include the Atlantic coast, the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Valley regions, the Rocky Mountains and the Prairies. The sensitivity projection for Canada's river regions in response to climate warming was derived based on an
examination of the effects of projected precipitation changes on landscapes. Climate warming has the potential to cause substantial changes to flow in rivers. The most direct effects of projected climate change would be an increase in floods and river erosion.
Population Distribution and Forested Areas
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the population distribution in 1996 relative to the distribution of the forests. Even if forests are very important for Canadians from a cultural, spiritual and economical point of view, few people live in the forested areas. About 80% of the
population live mainly in the urban areas and at the margin of the forests.
Plant Hardiness Zones
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Nine zones indicate the areas where various trees, shrubs and flowers are most likely to survive. These zones are calculated based on average climatic conditions and altitude of each area. The harshest zone is 0 and the mildest is 8. Each major zone is divided
into subzones a and b (for example 3a and 3b) where zone a is slightly harsher than zone b.
Pipeline Infrastructure (2006)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

There are approximately 100 000 kilometres of transmission pipelines in Canada, 80 000 are natural gas pipelines and 23 000 crude oil pipelines. The map shows three types of pipelines: transmission trunk lines, gathering system field lines and distribution lines.
Gathering pipelines move crude oil and natural gas from wells to processing facilities. After processing, feeder lines carry the hydrocarbons to the major, long distance transmission lines. Transmission lines deliver product to small-diameter distribution pipelines, as well as industrial users,
local distributors, refineries or connection pipelines to the United States.
October Mean Total Precipitation
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The map shows the mean total precipitation in the month of October. October marks the transition from mainly rain to snowfall across northern Canada. Snowfall also occurs across much of the interior of southern Canada but in relatively small amounts that usually
melt. October also marks the transition to the rainy season on the southern portion of British Columbias west coast.
October Mean Daily Maximum Temperatures
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The map shows the mean daily maximum temperatures for October. Much of southern Canada experiences maximum temperatures in October above 10°C, whereas maximum temperatures across most of the northern territories are below zero. Only the southern portions of
the Yukon and the Northwest Territories have maximum temperatures in October that exceed 0ºC.
Non-medical Determinants of Health - Post-secondary Graduates, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The highest proportion of post-secondary graduates can be found in the health regions where there is one or more relatively large urban centre. Canada has an excellent record in providing its citizens with an education. The proportion of Canadians with a
university education rose from 6.4% in 1976 to 13.3% by 1996. The highest proportions of Canadians with chronic conditions occur in the low educational attainment category. Education is one of the non-medical determinants of health. The linkage between health and education is seen most
clearly in studies where people rated their own health. These studies show that those who felt they suffered from chronic illnesses were in the lower levels of educational attainment.
Non-medical Determinants of Health - Incidence of Low Income Cut-Off, 1995
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Poverty, usually measured using income, and poor health are closely related. Income is one of the non-medical determinants of health. For most of the 1990s, the proportion of Canadians living below the low-income cut-off value increased significantly. The highest
incidence values are found in the Atlantic Provinces, southern Quebec, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The most significant differences occur in the regions in and around major cities. These are the areas where average incomes are high; but they are also areas where some of the highest low-income
proportions occur. Income is one of the non-medical determinants of health.
New France circa 1740
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Depicted on this map is the extent of New France at its territorial height circa 1740 prior to its great territorial losses to British North America. Also shown on the map are the territorial claims, administrative divisions, and the distribution of population
and settlement (including fur trading posts) circa 1740. This map along with British North America circa 1823 shows the settlement and population in Canada for two important periods in Canadian history prior to Confederation.
Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: Walked or Bicycled (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The number of people having to commute to work (usual place of work or no fixed workplace address) has risen considerably over the past five years from 13 450 900 in 2001 to 14 714 300 in 2006 or 9.4%. While the car is still the most frequently used mode of
transportation for getting to work, there was a decrease in the proportion of drivers in the past five years, from 73.8% of workers in 2001 to 72.3% in 2006. In 2006, 11% of Canadian workers used public transit to get to work, compared to 10.5% in 2001 and 10.1% in
1996.
Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: Walked or Bicycled (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The number of people having to commute to work (usual place of work or no fixed workplace address) has risen considerably over the past five years from 13 450 900 in 2001 to 14 714 300 in 2006 or 9.4%. While the car is still the most frequently used mode of
transportation for getting to work, there was a decrease in the proportion of drivers in the past five years, from 73.8% of workers in 2001 to 72.3% in 2006. In 2006, 11% of Canadian workers used public transit to get to work, compared to 10.5% in 2001 and 10.1% in
1996.
Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: Public Transportation (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The number of people having to commute to work (usual place of work or no fixed workplace address) has risen considerably over the past five years from 13 450 900 in 2001 to 14 714 300 in 2006 or 9.4%. While the car is still the most frequently used mode of
transportation for getting to work, there was a decrease in the proportion of drivers in the past five years, from 73.8% of workers in 2001 to 72.3% in 2006. In 2006, 11% of Canadian workers used public transit to get to work, compared to 10.5% in 2001 and 10.1% in
1996.
Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: Public Transportation (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The number of people having to commute to work (usual place of work or no fixed workplace address) has risen considerably over the past five years from 13 450 900 in 2001 to 14 714 300 in 2006 or 9.4%. While the car is still the most frequently used mode of
transportation for getting to work, there was a decrease in the proportion of drivers in the past five years, from 73.8% of workers in 2001 to 72.3% in 2006. In 2006, 11% of Canadian workers used public transit to get to work, compared to 10.5% in 2001 and 10.1% in
1996.
Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: Car, Truck or Van as Passenger (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The number of people having to commute to work (usual place of work or no fixed workplace address) has risen considerably over the past five years from 13 450 900 in 2001 to 14 714 300 in 2006 or 9.4%. While the car is still the most frequently used mode of
transportation for getting to work, there was a decrease in the proportion of drivers in the past five years, from 73.8% of workers in 2001 to 72.3% in 2006. In 2006, 11% of Canadian workers used public transit to get to work, compared to 10.5% in 2001 and 10.1% in
1996.
Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: Car, Truck or Van as Driver (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The number of people having to commute to work (usual place of work or no fixed workplace address) has risen considerably over the past five years from 13 450 900 in 2001 to 14 714 300 in 2006 or 9.4%. While the car is still the most frequently used mode of
transportation for getting to work, there was a decrease in the proportion of drivers in the past five years, from 73.8% of workers in 2001 to 72.3% in 2006. In 2006, 11% of Canadian workers used public transit to get to work, compared to 10.5% in 2001 and 10.1% in
1996.
Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: Car, Truck or Van as Driver (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The number of people having to commute to work (usual place of work or no fixed workplace address) has risen considerably over the past five years from 13 450 900 in 2001 to 14 714 300 in 2006 or 9.4%. While the car is still the most frequently used mode of
transportation for getting to work, there was a decrease in the proportion of drivers in the past five years, from 73.8% of workers in 2001 to 72.3% in 2006. In 2006, 11% of Canadian workers used public transit to get to work, compared to 10.5% in 2001 and 10.1% in
1996.
Mode of Transportation to Work, 2006: All Other Modes (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The number of people having to commute to work (usual place of work or no fixed workplace address) has risen considerably over the past five years from 13 450 900 in 2001 to 14 714 300 in 2006 or 9.4%. While the car is still the most frequently used mode of
transportation for getting to work, there was a decrease in the proportion of drivers in the past five years, from 73.8% of workers in 2001 to 72.3% in 2006. In 2006, 11% of Canadian workers used public transit to get to work, compared to 10.5% in 2001 and 10.1% in
1996.
Mode of Transportation to Work, 2001: Walked or Bicycled (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Nearly 74% of Canadian commuters drove to work in 2001, up from 73.3% and about 10.5% of employed Canadians used public transportation to get to work in 2001, up marginally from 10.1% in 1996. In 2001, the proportion of workers who rode to work as
passengers in a car, truck or van decreased to 6.9% from 7.4% in 1996. About 6.6% of all employed Canadians walked to work in 2001, down slightly from 7.0% in 1996. The proportion of employed Canadians who cycled to work increased marginally to 1.2% in 2001 from 1.1% in
1996.
Mode of Transportation to Work, 2001: Passenger in Car, Truck or Van (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Nearly 74% of Canadian commuters drove to work in 2001, up from 73.3% and about 10.5% of employed Canadians used public transportation to get to work in 2001, up marginally from 10.1% in 1996. In 2001, the proportion of workers who rode to work as
passengers in a car, truck or van decreased to 6.9% from 7.4% in 1996. About 6.6% of all employed Canadians walked to work in 2001, down slightly from 7.0% in 1996. The proportion of employed Canadians who cycled to work increased marginally to 1.2% in 2001 from 1.1% in
1996.
Mode of Transportation to Work, 2001: All Other Modes (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Nearly 74% of Canadian commuters drove to work in 2001, up from 73.3% and about 10.5% of employed Canadians used public transportation to get to work in 2001, up marginally from 10.1% in 1996. In 2001, the proportion of workers who rode to work as
passengers in a car, truck or van decreased to 6.9% from 7.4% in 1996. About 6.6% of all employed Canadians walked to work in 2001, down slightly from 7.0% in 1996. The proportion of employed Canadians who cycled to work increased marginally to 1.2% in 2001 from 1.1% in
1996.
Mining and Energy Industries Generating Stations, 1997
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the 53 generating stations that were operated by companies of the mining or energy industries. The stations are often relatively large - the largest has a capacity of 912 000 kilowatts.
Median Total Income of Individuals, 2000$ (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The median total income of individuals in Canada was $22 120 in 2000. Median total income for individuals has been increasing since 1997, when it was $20 464 nationally after adjusting for inflation. The median income is the amount which divides income size
distribution into two halves, where the incomes of the first half are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Total income is income accrued from earnings, government transfer payments and other income.
Median Start Date of Continuous Snow Cover
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the median date of snow-cover onset (defined as the first date with 14 consecutive days of snow cover greater than 2 centimetres in depth) computed over 18 winter seasons (1979 to 1997). In areas with permanent or semipermanent snow cover (for
example, Arctic ice caps) or in areas with irregular or ephemeral snow cover (coastal British Columbia), researchers were unable to compute the median values. The main feature of the map is the rapid southward extension of snow cover over Canada during the September to December period. The
moderating influence of Hudson Bay can be seen over northern Quebec, where snow cover starts later than in the equivalent latitudes west of Hudson Bay. The date of snow-cover onset has important implications for animals that rely on snow cover for shelter, as well as climatic influences on air
temperature, ground freezing and lake ice formation.
Median Income of Households by Census Subdivision, 2005$
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2005, an estimated 18 201 000 people reported employment income (earnings), an increase of more than 1.5 million from five years ago. The national median earnings of persons 15 years and over was $26 850. These earnings were one component of household total
income. The national median income for 12 437 470 households in 2005 was $53 634 up 2.3% from 2000. The map shows by census subdivision the median household income in 2005 constant dollars.
Median Income of Households by Census Division, 2005$
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2005, an estimated 18 201 000 people reported employment income (earnings), an increase of more than 1.5 million from five years ago. The national median earnings of persons 15 years and over was $26 850. These earnings were one component of household total
income. The national median income for 12 437 470 households in 2005 was $53 634 up 2.3% from 2000. The map shows by census division the median household income in 2005 constant dollars.
Median End Date of Continuous Snow Cover
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the median date of snow-cover loss (defined as the last date with 14 consecutive days of snow cover greater than 2 centimetres in depth) computed over 18 winter seasons (1979 to 1997). In areas with permanent or semipermanent snow cover (for
example, Arctic ice caps) or in areas with irregular or ephemeral snow cover (coastal British Columbia), researchers were unable to compute the median values. The end date contours follow topography more closely than start date due to the influence of elevation on total snow accumulation and air
temperature. The date of snow-cover loss has important implications for wildlife (for example, bird migration and nesting), vegetation, local climate and hydrology.
Median Earnings by Census Subdivision (persons 15 years and over), 2005$
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2005, an estimated 18 201 000 people reported employment income (earnings), an increase of more than 1.5 million from five years ago. The national median earnings of persons 15 years and over was $26 850. These earnings were one component of household total
income. The national median income for 12 437 470 households in 2005 was $53 634 up 2.3% from 2000. The map shows by census subdivision the median earnings of individuals 15 years and over in 2005 constant dollars.
Median Earnings by Census Division (persons 15 years and over), 2005$
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2005, an estimated 18 201 000 people reported employment income (earnings), an increase of more than 1.5 million from five years ago. The national median earnings of persons 15 years and over was $26 850. These earnings were one component of household total
income. The national median income for 12 437 470 households in 2005 was $53 634 up 2.3% from 2000. The map shows by census division the median earnings of individuals 15 years and over in 2005 constant dollars.
Market Share of Small Utility Vehicles: 1990 Model (Human Activities Leading to Emissions)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The percentage of small utility vehicles in the total sales of light-duty vehicles with the model year 1990 is shown for the populated areas. Light-duty vehicles include all cars and light trucks. There are significant spatial variations in the market share of
small utility vehicles with the model year 1990 across Canada. Relatively high market shares are found in parts of British Columbia, while Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and the southern Quebec have the lowest market shares of this vehicle class. It also appears that, proportionally, more small utilities
are used in rural areas than in urban areas. However, Vancouver is an exception given that small utility vehicles are very common.
Market Share of Midsize Cars: 1990 Model (Human Activities Leading to Emissions)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The percentage of midsize cars in the total sales of light-duty vehicles with the model year 1990 is shown for the populated areas. Light-duty vehicles include all cars and light trucks. The market share of midsize cars with the model year 1990 was
proportionately higher in all of Ontario, southern Quebec, the Atlantic Provinces, and the southern parts of Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The areas with the highest midsize car share are found in the Windsor-Quebec Corridor, while the lowest are in British Columbia.
Market Share of Compact Cars: 1990 Model (Human Activities Leading to Emissions)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The percentage of compact cars in the total sales of light-duty vehicles with the model year 1990 is shown on this map for the populated areas. Light-duty vehicles include all cars and light trucks. There is a significant spatial variation for the market share of
compact cars with the model year 1990 across Canada. Overall, there are proportionally higher percentages of compact cars in the eastern provinces, especially southern Quebec, than in the western provinces. Urban areas have relatively higher market shares of compact cars than surrounding rural
areas.
Male Median Income (1995$)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows male median income for the male population 15 years of age and over reporting income in 1995 (not including institutional residents). The distribution of incomes above the national male median of $25 270 were most prominent in the urban centres
including Victoria, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto, Ottawa-Hull, Montréal. However, a number of rural and northern census divisions had incomes above the male national median. These included Prince George in the Fraser Fort-George Regional District and the Peace River Regional District
of British Columbia. These high incomes were partially attributed to the higher wages as a result of employment incentives such as living and wage supplements to compensate for the higher costs of living.
Major Rock Categories
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Rocks are divided into three main categories according to how they were formed: igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic processes. Rocks differ in their texture, mineral and chemical composition, and bedding characteristics depending on which of these three processes
that formed them. Igneous rocks, which are also referred to as magmatic rocks, are formed from materials that come from the depths of the Earth. There are two categories of igneous rocks: intrusive (or plutonic) rocks and volcanic rocks. Sedimentary rocks are the product of the consolidation of
loose sediment that has accumulated in beds. A metamorphic rock is derived from a pre-existing igneous or sedimentary rock that is transformed, to a greater or lesser degree, by the action of physical factors such as temperature and pressure, or chemical factors that include the addition of new
minerals.
Location of Kimberlites (1997)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Kimberlites are rock formation where diamonds can be found. Diamonds form at a depth greater than 150 kilometres within the earth. After their formation, diamonds are carried to the surface of the earth by strong volcanic activity. This mixture of magma,
transported rock and diamonds forms pipes called kimberlites as it reaches the surface.
Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Scenario (model year 1990 to 2010) - Fuel Efficiency Improvement if Business-as-usual (Future Options)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The likely effect of an unexpectedly large increase in the period 1990 to 2010 in retail fuel price on the average fuel efficiency of light-duty vehicles is shown on this map. Light-duty vehicles include all cars and light trucks. Because vehicles consume a
substantial part of energy, average vehicle fuel efficiency is an important indicator for greenhouse gas emission and climate change policy making. The lower the fuel efficiency, the higher the emission per vehicle, and, consequently, the greater its contribution to greenhouse gas production.
Gasoline cost is the major vehicle operating cost. An increase in gasoline price would, to some extent, cause users to choose more fuel-efficient vehicles in order to reduce vehicle-operating cost. The Prairie Provinces would have the most sensitive response in fuel efficiency improvement to retail
fuel price.
Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Improvement - Model Year 1990 to 2010 (Human Activities Leading to Emissions)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The projected change in the average fuel efficiency of light-duty vehicles from model year 1990 to model year 2010 is shown here for the populated areas. The projection was based on the business-as-usual case, which assumes that there are no major policy changes
in the 1990 to 2010 period, which would affect new light-duty vehicle preferences. Light-duty vehicles include all cars and light trucks. Vehicles consume a substantial part of energy, and average vehicle fuel efficiency is an important indicator for greenhouse gas emission and climate change policy
making. The lower the fuel efficiency, the higher the emission per vehicle, and, consequently, the greater the contribution to greenhouse gases. The greatest projected improvement would be in Saskatchewan.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006: Primary Industry (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census division the percentage of the population employed in primary
industry.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Trades, Transport and Equipment Operators and Related Occupations (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census subdivision the percentage of the population employed in trades,
transport and equipment operators and related occupations.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Trades, Transport and Equipment Operators and Related Occupations (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census division the percentage of the population employed in trades,
transport and equipment operators and related occupations.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Social Sciences, Education, Government Services and Religion (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census division the percentage of the population employed in social
sciences, education, government services and religion.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Sales and Services (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census subdivision the percentage of the population employed in sales and
services.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Sales and Services (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census division the percentage of the population employed in sales and
services.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Processing, Manufacturing and Utilities (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census subdivision the percentage of the population employed in
processing, manufacturing and utilities.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Processing, Manufacturing and Utilities (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census division the percentage of the population employed in processing,
manufacturing and utilities.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Primary Industry (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census subdivision the percentage of the population employed in primary
industry.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Natural and Applied Sciences and Related Occupations (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census subdivision the percentage of the population employed in natural
and applied sciences and related occupations.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Natural and Applied Sciences and Related Occupations (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census division the percentage of the population employed in natural and
applied sciences and related occupations.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Management (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census subdivision the percentage of the population employed in
management.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Business, Finance and Administration (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census subdivision the percentage of the population employed in business,
finance and administration.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Art, Culture, Recreation and Sport (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census subdivision the percentage of the population employed in art,
culture, recreation and sport.
Labour Force Occupation, 2006 - Art, Culture, Recreation and Sport (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Census data showed employment reached an estimated 16 021 200 in 2006, up 1 326 000 from 2001. Just two western provinces - Alberta and British Columbia - accounted for a third of this increase. During the same five-year period, the unemployment rate fell in
every province and territory, except Ontario and the Northwest Territories. The shift in industrial demand for workers to different parts of the economy had an impact on the occupational make-up of the nation. The map shows by census division the percentage of the population employed in art,
culture, recreation and sport.
Labour Force Occupation, 2001 - Trades, Transport and Equipment Operators and Related Occupations (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

As of May 15, 2001, Canada's labour force consisted of almost 15.6 million people, up 9.5% from 14.2 million a decade earlier. Of the 15.6 million people in the labour force, more than 2.5 million were in highly skilled occupations that normally required
university education. This was a 33% increase from 1991, triple the rate of growth for the labour force as a whole. The map shows by census subdivision the percentage of the population employed in trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations.