bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 does not replicate in embryonated hen’s eggs or in MDCK cell lines
Authors: Barr Ian G , Rynehart Cleve , Whitney Paul , Druce Julian
Published: June 2020

The advent of COVID-19, has posed a risk that human respiratory samples containing human influenza viruses may also contain SARS-CoV-2. This potential risk may lead to SARS-CoV-2 contaminating conventional influenza vaccine production platforms as respiratory samples are used to directly inoculate embryonated hen’s eggs and continuous cell lines that are used to isolate and produce influenza vaccines. We investigated the ability of these substrates to propagate SARS-CoV-2 and found that neither could support SARS-CoV-2 replication.
Persepsi Stakeholders Dalam Kesiapan Dan Pelaksanaan Pelaporan Keuangan Desa Berbasis Undang - Undang No 6 Tahun 2014
Authors: Hanun Nur Ravita
Published: June 2020

Peneitian ini untuk mengetahui, mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis persepsi stakeholdersdalam kesiapan dan implementasi pelaporan keuangan desa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitiankualitatif. Pendekatan metode studi kasus dipilih untuk menganalisis fenomena-fenomena sosialyang ada dalam pelaporan keuangan desa dilihat dari persepsi stakeholders. Informan penelitianterdiri dari stakeholder utama, stakeholder pendukung dan stakeholder kunci. Analisis datamenggunakan teknik triangulasi untuk mereduksi data, menyajikan data dan penarikankesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan dan pelaksanaan dalampenyusunan pelaporan keuangan desa mempengaruhi ketepat waktuan dalam penyampaianlaporan keuangan desa. Persepsi stakeholders menyatakan bahwa pemerintahan desa belum siapdalam implementasi pelaporan keuangan desa berbasis Undang-Undang No 6 Tahun 2014 tentangDesa.
Performans Bisiklet Lastiği Sırt Karışımının Geliştirilmesi ve Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ALTUNDAL Gasim , GERENGİ Hüsnü , ÇETİN Esra , KAPCAK Uğur , KAYMAZ Kerem
Published: June 2020

Pnömatik lastik, zincir tahriki ve ardından dişli teknolojisindeki gelişimlerle birlikte, bisiklet sektöründe 1800'lerin sonlarında başlayan büyük devrim günümüze kadar artarak devam etmektedir. Dökme demir ve ahşaptan oluşan ana gövde günümüzde; titanyum, alüminyum ve karbon fiber gibi malzemelerden yapılmaktadır. Bisiklette bulunan; fren, amortisör, sele, vites sistemi ve lastiğindeki gelişmeler bisikleti her zamankinden daha hafif ve daha sağlam bir konfor aracına dönüştürmüştür. İçten yanmalı motorlu araçların neden olduğu çevre kirliliğini arttırması ve bisiklet kullanımının çağımızın hastalıkları olarak bilinen; inme, kalp krizi, depresyon, diyabet, obezite ve artrit gibi ciddi sağlık problemlerine çözüm olabileceğine dair ortaya konulan bilimsel gerçeklikler, bisiklet sektörünün daha da gelişeceğinin birer kanıtıdır. Kuru, ıslak veya çamurlu yollarda, sürüş hızına bağlı olarak iyi manevra ve frenleme kabiliyeti için bisiklet lastiği sırt hamuru karışımı üzerine yoğun çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, TÜBİTAK-1501 (Proje No: 3180325) projesi kapsamında üretilen katlanabilir performans lastiği için geliştirilen sırt hamur karışımının reolojik ve fiziko-mekaniksel özellikleri incelenmiştir.
A Vortex-Assisted Microextraction Based On Deep Eutectic Solvents for Determination of Four Parabens from Cosmetic Baby Oils and Optimization by Box-Behnken Design
Authors: SİVRİKAYA Sezen
Published: June 2020

This study presents microextraction and determination of four parabens by vortex-assisted microextraction based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in cosmetic baby oils. The most suitable DES, ChCl-ethylene glycol mole ratios of DES were determined as 1:2 for use in this study. The effect of DES types has been explored at traditional one factor experiment at a time. The effect of DES volume, dilution solvent volume and vortex time on extraction recovery were examined and optimized by the Box-Behnken design. After optimum conditions were determined, vortex-assisted microextraction based on DES, 0.1-100 µg mL-1 concentration in the range of the calibration curve was plotted for all parabens. The recovery values of parabens in cosmetic baby oil samples were in the range of 82.02-101.95% and the RSDs were varied from 1.64% to 2.91%. This developed method is very suitable and effective method for the extraction of parabens from cosmetic products of similar structure.
TOKAT VE YÖRESİ AĞZINDAN DERLEME SÖZLÜĞÜ'NE KATKILAR I
Authors: KUŞDEMİR Ayşegül
Published: June 2020

Türk Dili Kurumu tarafından yayınlanmış olan Derleme Sözlüğü Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarından kelimelerin derlenmesiyle oluşmuş bir ağız sözlüğüdür. Zengin dil malzemesi içeren bu sözlüğün elbette eksiklikleri vardır. Bu eksikliği gidermek için araştırmacılar tarafından çeşitli katkı çalışmaları yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca kitle iletişim araçlarının insan hayatına girmesiyle birlikte ağızlardaki zengin dil malzemesi unutulmaya yüz tutmaktadır. Bu yüzden i Derleme Sözlüğü'nde yer almayan kelimelerin tespit edilerek sözlüğe ilave edilmesi gerekmektedir. Biz de bu amaçla Tokat ve yöresi ağzından derlenmiş, ancak Derleme Sözlüğü'nde yer almayan ya da sözlükte yer alıp Tokat ağzında farklı anlam taşıyan kelime ve kelime gruplarını tespit edip sözlüğe katkıda bulunmak istedik. Çalışmada öncelikle Derleme Sözlüğü'nde yer almayan kelimeler sözcük türlerine göre ayrılacak daha sonra da sözlükte yer alıp Tokat ve yöresinde farklı anlama gelen kelimelere yer verilecektir. Sözlükte yer almayan kelimelerin anlamı birer örnek cümle ile tanık gösterilerek pekiştirilecektir. Bunlar yapılırken de bölge ağzını daha iyi yansıtması için çeşitli transkripsiyon işaretleri kullanılacaktır. Söz konusu ağız malzemesi yöre insanından tarafımızca tespit edilmiştir.
Marx Öncesi Emek Değer Teorisi: Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: BOZPİNAR Cumali
Published: June 2020

K. Marx öncesi dönemde emek değer teorisinin genel olarak A. Smith, T. R. Malthus ve D. Ricardo’nun görüşleri çerçevesinde şekillendiği kabul edilebilir. Marx'a varana kadar değer konusu üretim süreci dışında incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmayla, Marx öncesi emek değer teorisine bütünsel bir bakış sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.
Analysis of Name Entities in Text Using Robust Disambiguation Method
Authors: Virliani Muthia , Bijaksana Moch. Arif , Suryani Arie Ardiyanti
Published: June 2020

Named entities are proper nouns or objects contained in a text, such as a person's name, country name, and others. Names of persons in some text are often ambiguous, which makes it difficult for ordinary people to find out these same names are the same person or not.  An ambiguity of names also found in hadith, like the name Abdullah in hadith number 86 and 2411, that might be the same person or might be different. Based on this problem, then this study focuses on named entity disambiguation, which considered further semantic and lexical relation between a named entity. Expected in the future, it would help people to understand the ambiguity of the name or distinguish ambiguous names. The method used in this research was Robust Disambiguation because, in this method, the context of the named entity considered. The resulted output obtained was in the form of named entity that grouped based on the same person or different person processed with Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise.  This research resulted in an accuracy value of 90%, a precision value of 97%, and a recall value of 89% obtained from actual value and predicted value
State Medical Board Responses to an Inquiry on Physician Researcher Misconduct
Authors: Kruszewski Stefan P. , Paczynski Richard P , Bialy Marzana
Published: June 2020

Misconduct in clinical research jeopardizes the integrity of medical science. Physician researcher misconduct that produces flawed results has consequences, including the subsequent inability of other physicians who rely on erroneous data to provide informed consent and/or accurate assessment of pharmaceutical and medical device efficacy and safety. This deviation from acceptable medical practice can directly harm patients. How state medical boards address this clinical problem is uncertain. To examine this issue, we asked 51 U.S. medical boards to search their databases for disciplinary action in response to physician researcher misconduct (PRM) from 1996 thru early 2007. We compared their responses with data from federal agencies responsible for disciplinary actions against clinical researchers. Our results demonstrated: i) a high percentage (45 percent) of U.S. medical boards indicated that they did not have or could not provide access to data adequate to address whether or not disciplinary action for PRM had been levied in their states and ii) of respondents able to make relevant information available, we identified only 13 cases of physician disciplinary action for PRM. In contrast, several dozen examples of disciplinary action against physicians for serious clinical research misconduct could be readily documented in publicly accessible data from federal regulatory agencies.
Accreditation, Certification, and Licensure: How Six General Competencies are Influencing Medical Education and Patient Care
Authors: Mazmanian Paul E. , Galbraith Robert , Miller Stephen H. , Schyve Paul M. , Kopelow Murray , Thompson James N. , Aparicio Alejandro , Davis David A. , Kahn Norman B.
Published: June 2020

Lifelong learning and self-assessment are tenets of medical education and health care improvement; quality and patient safety care are essential to the accreditation of organizations providing either continuing medical education (CME) or patient care; accredited CME providers must assess the learning needs of physicians: Accredited health care organizations must document physician participation in education that relates to the nature of care, treatment and services provided by the hospital. The credentialing and privileging of medical staff requires ongoing focused professional practice evaluation based on six general competencies, including compassionate care, medical knowledge, practice-based learning and improvement, effective communication, demonstrated professionalism and coordinated systems-based practice. As those charged with assessment and program evaluation are challenged to produce valid and reliable results to improve education and health care, United States licensing authorities are defining good medical practice and considering competency-based maintenance of licenses. The present paper offers a framework to advance the discussion of relative value credits for gains assessed in knowledge, competence and performance of physicians. A more synchronized and aligned consortium of medical licensing boards, specialty boards and organizations granting practice privileges is recommended to inform the design of education and physician assessment to assure quality and patient safety.
A National Analysis of Medical Licensure Applications
Authors: Polfliet Sarah J.
Published: June 2020

The 1990 enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and subsequent case law have established that medical board screening of physician licensure applicants for histories of mental illness or substance use may constitute discrimination. This study examines how physician licensure questionnaires have evolved since the enactment of the ADA. Specifically, we requested medical licensure applications in 2006 from all U.S. affiliated medical licensing boards (n=54) and analyzed their mental health and substance use inquiries comparatively with application data from 1993, 1996 and 1998. Response rates were 96 percent (n=52) for initial registration applications and 93 percent (n=50) for renewal applications. Our results indicate that applicants in 2006, compared with applicants in the 1990s, were questioned more about past, rather than current, histories of mental illness and substance use. These findings revealed medical board practices that seem to run counter to existing court interpretations of the ADA, as well as licensure guidelines established by several professional organizations.
Propuesta metodológica para el monitoreo de huellas vehiculares en comunidades vegetales protegidas del desierto
Authors: Almiron Martín Guillermo
Published: June 2020

Introducción y objetivos: El tránsito de vehículos sobre el terreno de áreas protegidas, constituye una amenaza al patrimonio natural que debe ser evaluada. El alto costo operativo de monitorear estas actividades hace que sea necesario desarrollar alternativas de evaluación rápidas y simples que permitan tener un primer parámetro de tendencias. Mediante freeware y técnicas básicas, se propone como caso de estudio evaluar las huellas vehiculares durante dos períodos (2004 y 2018) y su potencial impacto en la vegetación del área protegida Loma de Las Tapias, San Juan, Argentina.

M&M: Empleando la zonificación florística preexistente y dos sets de imágenes satelitales (2004-2018), se cuantificaron las huellas vehiculares con una grilla, cuyos cuadros fueron categorizados según: ausencia de huellas; huellas antiguas (2004); huellas nuevas (2018) y huellas reincidentes (2004-2018) sobre las diferentes comunidades vegetales.

Resultados: Actualmente, de los 223 cuadros que constituyen la grilla, solo el 35 % no posee huellas vehiculares, mientras que el 13,9 % posee únicamente huellas antiguas, el 30 % huellas reincidentes y el 21,1 % restante posee huellas vehiculares nuevas. Por lo tanto, se observa un claro incremento de huellas durante el período evaluado, que fue uniforme en todas las unidades florísticas.

Conclusiones: La metodología propuesta resultó sencilla y rápida y permitió detectar el incremento de huellas en el área, estableciendo así valores de referencia para posteriores evaluaciones. El incremento de huellas observado, enfatiza la necesidad de priorizar la conservación y de incorporar nuevas capas temáticas para enriquecer la gestión del área protegida.
Caracterización morfoanatómica de las hojas del “Sarandí blanco” o “Sarã morotí” (Citharexylum amabilis y Citharexylum myrianthum –Verbenaceae–) y su empleo en la etnobotánica médica de los criollos del Chaco Húmedo formoseño (Argentina)
Authors: Anconatani Leonardo , Wagner Marcelo L.
Published: June 2020

Introducción y objetivos: Citharexylum amabilis (Verbenaceae) es una especie empleada en la etnomedicina de los criollos del chaco húmedo norte como hipoglucemiante. Es conocida en la zona como “sarandí blanco” o “sarã morotí” y la parte utilizada son sus hojas. Con el mismo nombre vernáculo, mismo uso y órgano empleado se comercializa en los mercados de Formosa otra especie: Citharexylum myrianthum (Verbenaceae), la cual se emplea de manera sustituta. Debido a la ausencia de información morfoanatómica respecto al órgano vegetal empleado de ambas especies se realizó su caracterización con la intención de aportar caracteres anatómicos como herramienta para su identificación y diferenciación microscópica.

M&M: Se recolectó la información etnobotánica por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, se recolectó material vegetal y se adquirió muestras en el mercado local. Se realizaron técnicas de anatomía vegetal para la caracterización. 

Resultados: Es posible distinguir las hojas de ambas especies principalmente debido a la presencia de tricomas eglandulares simples unicelulares y pluricelulares presentes en la C. myrianthum y ausentes en C. amabilis. 

Conclusiones: Constituye este trabajo el primer estudio farmacobotánico de las hojas de estas especies, y el primer registro del empleo de C. amabilis en la etnobotánica medica del noroeste argentino.
Evaluación de policultivos frutihortícolas agroecológicos del Nordeste Argentino
Authors: Alvez Natalia V. , Alayon Luaces Paula
Published: June 2020

Introducción y objetivos: La Agroecología entiende que el manejo óptimo de los agroecosistemas depende del nivel de interacciones entre varios componentes bióticos y abióticos y entre estas, los policultivos son propuestas claves. Aquí evaluamos el comportamiento de especies hortícolas cultivadas debajo de diferentes árboles frutales del nordeste de Argentina.

M&M: Se evaluó la consociación de cuatro frutales: Aguay (Chrysophyllum gonocarpum), Guayabo (Psidium guajava), Ñangapirí (Eugenia uniflora) y Níspero (Erybotria japónica), en combinación con especies hortícolas con diferentes órganos de aprovechamiento: hojas de Perejil (Petroselinum crispum), tubérculos del hipocótilo de Rabanito (Raphanus sativus) y frutos de Arveja (Pisum sativum). Se realizaron determinaciones de radiación disponible para las especies hortícolas, análisis del aporte de la hojarasca, abundancia de vegetación espontánea, rendimiento de las hortícolas en cada combinación. 

Resultados: El Aguay tuvo un efecto positivo en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las tres especies hortícolas (Rabanito, Perejil y Arvejas). La consociación con Guayabo fue positiva para el Perejil pero negativa para las Arvejas. El Níspero tuvo un efecto positivo en la producción de Arvejas; sin embargo la consociación con éste no es recomendable para Rabanito o Perejil. La consociación menos recomendada para las tres especies hortícolas fue con Ñangapirí, en la cual no se obtuvieron efectos positivos.

Conclusiones: Los árboles frutales Aguay, Guayabo y Níspero del noreste de Argentina representan alternativas importantes para la producción agroecológica de cultivos hortícolas comunes como el Rabanito, el Perejil y las Arvejas. En contraste, el árbol frutal Ñangapirí no se recomienda para estos cultivos hortícolas.
VIOLÊNCIA ESCOLAR, PROFESSORES e ALUNOS PROTAGONISTAS DE
UMA TRISTE HISTÓRIA
Authors: de Lima Maria do Carmo
Published: June 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a estrutura construída da violência dentro do
âmbito escolar, entendendo suas causas e consequência para que, assim, possa-se indicar
medidas de atuação tanto por parte dos professores, da escola, das famílias e da sociedade
como um todo. Pode-se concluir, portanto, que deve-se sempre entender a dinâmica da
violência como algo social que pode gerar ou ser gerada na escola mas que deve ser
sempre tratada com grande cuidado justamente pela possibilidade do adoecimento
psíquico que pode causa aos professores que ali a vivencia.
Palavras-chave: educação, violência, bullying.
MEMBANGKITKAN PERILAKU INOVATIF PEDAGANG KULINER KAKI LIMA KAWASAN THEHOK-KOTAMADYA JAMBI
Authors: Amin Shofia , Fitriaty Fitriaty , Widiastuti Fitri , Khalid Idham
Published: June 2020

Menjamurnya pedagang kuliner kaki Lima di sepanjang jalan hampir di semua kota merupakan suatu indikasi semakin berkembangnya usaha mikro kecil yang telah terbukti berkontribusi dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja. Namun dengan semakin pesatnya persaingan antara yang bermodal kuat dan lemah, antara tradisional dan westernisasi, menyebabkan pedagang kali lima tersebut harus berani berinovasi. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini merupakan program kemitraan dengan pedagang kaki lima kuliner yang berada di Jalan Jendral Sudirman Thehok Kotamadya Jambi. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini yaitu agar para pedagang kaki lima memilki pemahaman tentang tentang pentingnya berinovasi, menawarkan berbagai strategi dalam berinovasi, memberikan percontohan menjaga hyginietas makanan, memberikan pelatihan tentang pelayanan kepada pelanggan dan memperkenalkan pemasaran on line baik untuk promosi maupun untuk penjualan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab dan diakhiri dengan pemberian bahan baku untuk melakukan inovasi produk. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa pemahaman dan perluasan wawasan tentang pentingnya berinovasi baik dari segi keragaman rasa, rupa dan sikap dalam melayani.sehingga dapat terus meningkatkan keunggulan bersaing dan peningkatan omzet penjualan melalui inovasi berkelanjutan.
Mardin’de Satılan Çiğ Sütlerin Bazı Fizikokimyasal Ve Mikrobiyolojik Özellikleri
Authors: Çelikel Güngör Asli , Gürbüz Semra , Akın Musa Serdar , Akın Mutlu Buket , Palabıçak Büşra
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada Mardin’de satışa sunulan toplam 40 çiğ süt örneğinin bazı fizikokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Süt örneklerinin pH değerinin ortalaması 6.56, titrasyon asitliğinin %0.191, yoğunluğunun 1.029 g ml-1, kurumadde miktarının %12.46, yağsız kurumadde miktarının %8.89, yağ miktarının %3.57, protein miktarının %3.07, kül miktarının %0.72, TAMB sayısının 6.62 log kob ml-1, koliform bakteri sayısının 4.98 log kob ml-1 ve küf-maya sayısının 4.87 log kob ml-1 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada incelenen çiğ süt örneklerinde yapılan analizlerde örneklerin kalitelerinin yeterli düzeyde olmadığı, önemli bir kısmının (%95’inin) Türk Gıda Kodeksi Çiğ Sütün Arzına Dair Tebliğ’ine uymadığı belirlenmiştir.
Floresans ışımaya bağlı minimal inhibisyon konsantrasyon (MİK) belirlenmesi
Authors: Oryaşın Erman
Published: June 2020

Disk difüzyon yöntemi ve mikrodilusyon yöntemini kullanan otomatik sistemler son yıllarda mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarlarının vazgeçilmez parçaları olmuşlardır. Ancak, in vitro ölçüm yapan bu sistemler bakterilerin doğal ortamında değil laboratuvar koşullarındaki hassasiyetlerini ölçmektedirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı antibiyotiklerin etkisinin floresans absorbansın ölçüm yöntemiyle belirlenmesini sağlayacak yöntem geliştirmektir. Bu çalışmada içlerinde floresan ışıma yapan protein içeren bakteriler oluşturmak amacıyla rekombinant plazmidler hazırlanmıştır. Floresans kaynak olarak yeşil floresans protein (GFP) pUC18 ve pAT392 plazmidlerine klonlanmıştır. Elde edilen rekombinant plazmidleri içeren bakterilerde konvansiyonel minimal inhibisyon konsantrasyonu (MİK) ölçümü yapılmıştır. Böylece besi yerindeki canlı hücrelerin yaydığı ışığın ölçülmesi esasına dayanarak alternatif bir MİK ölçüm yöntemi geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Her bir antibiyotik grubu için pUC18-gfp ve pAT392-gfp plazmidlerini içeren ve içermeyen E. coli DH10B bakterisi kullanılmıştır. gfp genini içermeyen bakteriler florometrik ölçüm yapabilen cihazda 24 saatlik ölçüm boyunca ışıma vermemiş grafikleri doğrusal bir ivmeyle izlenmiştir. Ancak sadece canlı hücrelerde ışıma yapabilecek olan pUC18-gfp ve pAT392-gfp plazmidini içeren bakteriler antibiyotiğin hiç uygulanmadığı kontrol grubuna göre oldukça yüksek pik yaptıkları gözlenmiştir. İnhibe edici dozlarda grafik doğrusal bir yapı kazanmıştır. Işımanın alındığı konsantrasyonda en az 10 ışık birimi azalmanın okunduğu yere denk gelen antibiyotik dilüsyonu MİK değeri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Konvansiyonel MİK değerleri ile florometrik MİK değerleri karşılaştırılmış en çok 2 dilüsyon fark saptanmıştır. Işımanın ölçülmesiyle MİK düzeyinin belirlenebileceği bu çalışma ile gösterilmiştir. Geliştirilmeye çalışılan bu yöntem antibiyotiklerin bakterisidal/bakteriostatik etkilerinin saptanmasında, antibiyotiklerin biyofilm içindeki bakterilere etkilerinin gözlenmesinde kullanım potansiyeli vardır. Ayrıca yeni antibiyotik geliştirmede kullanılabilecek basit, ucuz ve kolay bir yöntem adayı olarak denenecek moleküllerin daha hızlı ve etkin şekilde değerlendirilmesini sağlayabilme potansiyeli vardır.
Review of the convex contractions of Istratescu's type in various generalized metric spaces
Authors: GARDASEVİC-FİLİPOVİC Milanka , KUKİC Katarina , MİTROVİC Zoran , RADENOVİC Stojan
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to consider convex contraction of Istratescu’s type in various generalized metric spaces (partial metric spaces, cone metric spaces, cone b-metric spaces, partial b-metric spaces, and others). In it, among other things, we generalize, extend, correct and enrich the recent announced results in existing literature.
Over-expression of the kayopherin 𝛂2 gene (KPNA2) in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: June 2020

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and 70-80% of ovarian cancers are of the high-grade serous type (1-3). To identify the most significant changes in gene expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), we compared global gene expression profiles of tumors from patients with HGSC to that of normal ovary using published microarray datasets (4, 5). We found that the nuclear import receptor karyopherin 𝛂2 (KPNA2) (6) was among the genes whose expression changed most significantly when comparing HSGC tumors to the ovary. Karyopherin 𝛂2 may be relevant to the biology of high-grade serous ovarian tumors.
Holographic conformal screen entanglement and focusing
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: June 2020

Holographic conformal screen entanglement and focusing
Multi-Sense Embeddings per Word
Authors: Sugiyama Masashi
Published: June 2020

Recently, word embeddings have been used in many natural language processing problems successfully and how to train a robust and accurate word embedding system efficiently is a popular research area. Since many, if not all, words have more than one sense, it is necessary to learn vectors for all senses of word separately. Therefore, in this project, we have explored two multi-sense word embedding models, including Multi-Sense Skip-gram (MSSG) model and Non-parametric Multi-sense Skip Gram model (NP-MSSG). Furthermore, we propose an extension of the Multi-Sense Skip-gram model called Incremental Multi-Sense Skip-gram (IMSSG) model which could learn the vectors of all senses per word incrementally. We evaluate all the systems on word similarity task and show that IMSSG is better than the other models.
To Give or to Take Money? The Effects of Choice on Prosocial Spending and Happiness
Authors: Moche Hajdi , Västfjäll Daniel
Published: June 2020

Previous studies show that spending money on other people makes people happier than spending it on whatever they want. This study tested and extended this by examining the role of active versus passive choice and default choices. 788 participants played and won money in a game, from which some of the earnings could be donated to charity. Participants were randomized to five conditions (control, passive/active decision, default to self/charity). Three measures of subjective well-being (SWB) was used. The results show that people who donated money were happier than people who kept money for themselves, and active choices elicited significantly more negative affect than passive choices. Also, more people chose to keep the money when this was the default. Last, the greatest effect on happiness was when participants chose to change from the default. The results are in line with previous findings in both positive psychology and decision making.
“Yay! Yuck!” Toddlers use incongruent emotions to reason about hidden objects
Authors: Smith-Flores Alexis Sierra , Feigenson Lisa
Published: June 2020

Young children show sensitivity to others’ emotions, discriminating between facial expressions and using them to help guide their behavior. Beyond providing information about how others are feeling, emotional expressions also can support inferences about the non-social world. Here, in four experiments, we investigated 18- to 28-month-olds’ ability to reason about physical objects using others’ emotional responses. We found that 24- to 26-month-old children successfully used an agent’s incongruent emotional responses (“Yay! Yuck!”) to infer that multiple hidden objects must be hidden in a box (Experiment 1). When two different agents produced these incongruent emotional responses, children did not infer the presence of multiple objects (Experiment 2), implicating early recognition that different people can have different emotions towards the same entity. Younger, 20-month-old children failed to use incongruent emotional responses to make inferences about hidden objects (Experiment 3), although they succeeded at using contrasting words (“A blick! A fep!”) in an otherwise identical task (Experiment 4). These results show that by 2 years of age, children can use the emotional responses produced by others around them to reason about hidden objects.
Met and unmet needs among adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability with and without mental health problems
Authors: Schützwohl Matthias
Published: June 2020

Background: People with an intellectual disability (ID) show a great number and complex constellation of support needs. With respect to the planning of services, it is important to assess needs at the population level. ID services need to know to what extent support needs of clients with mental health problems differ from support needs of clients without any mental health problem.Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence rates of needs in relevant study groups. Methods: Data was generated from the MEMENTA-Study (“Mental health care for adults with intellectual disability and a mental disorder”). The Camberwell Assessment of Need for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities (CANDID) was used to assess met und unmet support needs. Data was available for n=248 adults with mild to moderate ID.Results: Mean total number of needs and unmet needs was associated with mental health status. However, in most particular areas under study, individuals without significant psychiatric symptoms or any behaviour problem needed as much as often help as individuals with such mental health problems. A higher rate of need for care among study participants with significant psychiatric symptoms or any behaviour problem was mainly found with regard to these specific areas (“minor mental health problems”, “major mental health problems”, “inappropriate behaviour”) or with regard to closely related areas (“safety of others”).Conclusions: Differences in prevalence rates mainly occurred in such areas of need that rather fall under the responsibility of mental health services than under the responsibility of ID services. This has implications for service planning.
Edukacja polonistyczna w czasach populistycznej zarazy
Authors: Koc Krzysztof
Published: June 2020

The article encourages reflection on the role of Polish language education in the face of contemporary challenges. One of them is the expansion of populism (e.g. in politics, in the media, in the way of thinking about education) and the accompanying disinformation campaigns, propaganda or replacing information analysis with emotional opinions. We are also in Poland witnessing this disturbing process, which threatens the foundations of democracy. That is why teaching a critical attitude towards theses expressed in public discourse is so important. The article shows how access to reliable information can contribute to forming such an attitude. The author also suggests that the interpretation of modern children’s literature may be used to expose populist lies, harmful simplifications, and manipulation of facts; it can also successfully support the development of mature civic awareness even among very young students. The point of reference in this case is the problem of attitude towards refugees.
Zastosowanie analizy sieci społecznych w badaniach elit parlamentarnych (na przykładzie eurodeputowanych z Polski)
Authors: Swacha Piotr
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this article is to present the possibilities of using social network analysis (SNA) in the study of the European Parliament elite. This study focuses on organisational connections between Polish members of the European Parliament (seventh term). Official organisational relationships of Polish MEPs include common membership in: political groups, authorities of parliamentary committees and delegations, Parliament’s Bureau, Conference of Presidents, Conference of Committee (and Delegation) Chairs. UCInet and Netdraw programmes were used to calculate SNA’s basic measures and to prepare graphical presentation of relational network created by the Polish MEPs. On this basis main characteristics of the network were presented and MEPs who had the best network locations were distinguished.
Geneza Europejskiej Służby Działań Zewnętrznych – główne koncepcje i debata od uchwalenia traktatu z Lizbony do zakończenia procesu prawodawczego (listopad 2010 r.)
Authors: Rojewska Marta
Published: June 2020

This article examines the genesis of the European External Action Service (EEAS) between 2007 and 2010. The idea of the creation of the EU diplomacy appeared during the works of the European Convention in 2002. However, the process of creation of the EEAS had been suspended for more than two years as a result of the rejection of the Constitutional Treaty. In 2007, the debate was re-opened because of the Treaty of Lisbon adoption. This article analyses the most important documents and events between the adoption of the Treaty and 2010 when the secondary legislation establishing the organisation and functioning of the European External Action Service was adopted by the Council.
Formulation and Characterization of Isradipine as Oral Nanoemulsion
Authors: Sadoon Noor A. , M. Ghareeb Mowafaq
Published: June 2020

Isradipine related to dihydropyridine (DHP) class of calcium channel blockers (CCBs). It is  used to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, as well as Parkinson disease. It goes under the BCS class II drug (low solubility-high permeability). The drug will experience extensive first-pass metabolism in liver, thus, oral bio-availability will be approximately15 to 24 %. 

       The aim of the study is preparing stable oral oil in water (o/w) nanoemulsion of isradipine to promote the colloidial dispersion of isradipine in the nano range, so that it may be absorded by intestinal lymphatic transport in order to avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism (israpidine undergoes 15-24% first pass metabolism) and increase drug bioavailability.

       The solubility study was carried out in various vehicles for selecting best solvent  for dissolving isradipine. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams is formed at (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 2:1) ratios related to Smix (co-surfactant and surfactant).  There are 11 nano-emulsion was  prepared through the use of many concentrations of ( Transcutol, Tween20, and Triacetin).

All formulations assessed for (in-vitro drug dissolution, pH measurement, viscosity, drug content, polydispersity index, particle size distribution, thermodynamic stability, dye test, and light transmittance). It is indicated that the extent as well as the rate of release regarding all the prepared formulations have considerably higher in comparison to that of crude drug powder. Results of characterization were explained that isradipine  nano emulsion (NE9) with S mix(1:4) : oil : deionized water (40: 5: 55) ratio was the optimized formula that has droplet size range (177.1nm), the lowest value of polydispersity index (0.12), the highest percent of drug content (99.7%) typical pH value for oral administration (5.21) , good percent of light transmittance (99.86 %), the range of viscosity (65.12 -25.2 m Pas. sec.) was suitable for oral administration, also the isradipine’s in vitro release has been considerably higher. It can be concluded that nano emulsion drug delivery system (DDS) can be considered as an encouraging method for improving the stability, dissolution and solubility of formulation.

Keywords: Nanoemulsion, Isradipine  , Peudoternary phase diagrams.
The Prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing in Geriatric Patients with Psychiatric Disorders in Iraq
Authors: Mahmood Mustafa K. , Anwer Zinah M.
Published: June 2020

Potentially inappropriate prescribing is the prescribing of a medication that may cause more harm than benefit, the elderly population aged 65 years or older is more prone to potentially inappropriate prescribing because of alterations in their physiology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics as well as polypharmacy and comorbidities, Beers list is a screening tool that help doctors to detect potentially inappropriate prescribing in geriatric patients and is designed to solve this problem, the aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing among psychiatric patients using the Beers criteria as an assessment tool and find the relationship between duration of hospitalization, comorbidities and polypharmacy with potentially inappropriate prescribing in elderly.

This cross-sectional study was carried out using electronic medical records in Ibn Rushud psychiatry and addiction hospital in Baghdad and 369 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was (68.59 ± 3.75 years) and 177 (48%) of them had comorbidities, 100 (27.1%) of them had polypharmacy and 17 (4.6%) stayed in the hospital for more than 3 weeks, the most used drug classes were antipsychotics in (39.9%) of patients and benzodiazepines in (17.6%) of patients.

The prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing according to Beers criteria was found to be 74.3% among study patients, the most prevalent inappropriately used drug class was benzodiazepines, and there was a significant association between the prescribing of a potentially inappropriate medication with gender (p=0.018), with comorbidities (p=0.022), and a very significant association with polypharmacy (p<0.001)
Formulation and Characterization of Piroxicam as Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
Authors: Salim Fahad F. , A. Rajab Nawal
Published: June 2020

Piroxicam (PIR) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of oxicam category, used in gout, arthritis, as well as other inflammatory conditions (topically and orally). PIR is practically insoluble in water, therefore the aim is prepare and evaluate piroxicam as liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system to enhance its dispersibility and stability. The Dispersibilty and Stability study have been conducted in Oil, Surfactant and Co-surfactant for choosing the best materials to dissolve piroxicam. The pseudo ternary phase diagrams have been set at 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 as well as 4:1 ratio of surfactants and co-surfactants, also there are 4 formulations were prepared by using various concentrations of transcutol HP, cremophore EL and triacetin oil. All the constructed prepared formulas have been assessed for in vitro drug dissolution, thermodynamic stability, polydispersity index, robustness to dilution, particle size distribution, drug content, and the dispersibility and emulsification time.From the presented research concluded that the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system is the convenient method for improving Dispersibilty and Stability of piroxicam.

 Keywords: Pseudo-ternary phase diagram, Dissolution rate, SNEDDS, Piroxicam.
Focusing on Language and Content with Adolescent English Language Learners in the Mainstream Classroom
Authors: Trahey Martha , Spada Nina
Published: June 2020

Les apprenants de la langue anglaise, surtout ceux qui résident hors des grandes villes d'Amérique du Nord, sont intégrés dans des classes ordinaires, souvent sans soutien linguistique ciblé. L'enseignement centré sur la forme (ECF) est une approche de l'enseignement des langues dans laquelle l'attention de l'apprenant est centrée sur la forme de la langue au cours d'activités basées sur le sens. Bien que l’ECF se soit révélé bénéfique pour le développement de la précision linguistique dans divers contextes, son efficacité pour les élèves du secondaire dans les classes ordinaires n'a pas fait l’objet d’études expérimentales. Dans la présente étude, 18 participants inscrits à un cours d'études sociales du secondaire ont reçu un ECF relativement à deux structures linguistiques — passif et présent simple — pendant 10 à 15 heures sur une période de 15 semaines. Un plan de recherche en série chronologique a permis de comparer les résultats des élèves à trois prétests préalables à l'intervention avec leurs progrès à mi-parcours et immédiatement après l’intervention. À chaque séance de test, les élèves devaient effectuer six tâches linguistiques visant à mesurer la connaissance réceptive (tâches de jugement de la grammaire orale et écrite) et productive (tâches de production orale et écrite) des deux structures. La performance globale du groupe immédiatement après l'enseignement indique une amélioration limitée, des gains significatifs étant observés sur deux des mesures linguistiques seulement. Les résultats sont analysés au regard des défis que pose la prise en charge simultanée de la langue et du contenu.
Language Ideological Debates and Intercultural Learning in French Immersion Education
Authors: Marshall Kelle L. , Bokhorst-Heng Wendy D.
Published: June 2020

Bien qu’au Canada, le multiculturalisme et l’éducation bilingue offrent l’occasion aux secteurs de l’éducation de promouvoir la citoyenneté interculturelle des étudiants, les débats linguistiques idéologiques (DLI) qui ont cours au Nouveau-Brunswick — seule province canadienne officiellement bilingue — risquent d’engendrer la création de structures faisant obstacle au développement interculturel des élèves anglophones en immersion française. En s’appuyant sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle les DLI peuvent être réifiés dans le matériel éducatif, les auteures soumettent à une analyse du discours les objectifs culturels du document de base des Provinces atlantiques en matière d’immersion française, faisant appel au modèle d’acquisition des langues socialement située du groupe Douglas Fir. Elles se penchent sur l’incidence des forces idéologiques (au niveau macro) sur la construction discursive de ces objectifs (au niveau méso). Des ambiguïtés idéologiques sont relevées : l’apprentissage culturel est inscrit dans les idéologies nationales de multiculturalisme et de bilinguisme relativement au capital économique sur le marché mondial, et il est distancé de son lien avec l’histoire du Nouveau-Brunswick. On donne préséance à la communication fonctionnelle des étudiants avec les francophones sur leur évolution personnelle. Les auteures suggèrent des façons d’aborder avec les étudiants du français langue seconde la discussion sur les idéologies linguistiques de manière à favoriser le développement interculturel.
Normal Tissue Dose Constraints for Multiple Lung Stereotactic Radiotherapy Treatments
Authors: Allos Beshar , Howard H. , Allos Beshar , Stange D. , Bhogal J. , Brennan M. , Ghafoor Q. , Stevenson R. , Watkins S. , Yahya S.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The role and use of stereotactic radiotherapy (SABR) is evolving rapidly. A key article by
Hanna et al. (2017) provides an excellent overview of current evidence and suggestion of sensible dose
constraints. Given the topical nature of this discussion we present a short retrospective analysis of treating
multiple lung SABR patients at our centre.
Method: We retrospectively analysed toxicity, both early (within 3 months of SABR) and late, and normal
tissue dose constraints on all patients who had multiple lung lesions treated with SABR (using volumetric
modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique) at our tertiary centre over a 25-month period from April 2016
until May 2018.
Results: We have treated 78 lung lesions in 37 patients with a combination of synchronous lung cancer
primaries and lung metastases diagnoses. Median follow-up was 9 months. Almost all patients received
treatment on the same day for multiple lesions. We report no grade 3 toxicities in any patient nor any
unexpected side effects. 5 patients (14.7%) developed grade 2 pneumonitis. In all 5 patients, lung V12.5
was >20% (range 20.8-32.2%), yet only 1 patient exceeded acceptable lung V20 constraints. Regarding
long-term toxicity, 66.6% of patients reported no treatment-related effects. Of 9 patients with long-term
toxicity, 8 exceeded V12.5 constraint of <15%, indeed of these 5 were >20%. Lung V20 levels were
acceptable for the majority of these. Local control of treated lesions at median follow-up in all comers was
86.2%.
Discussion: Our findings show that multiple lung SABR is tolerable, safe with minimal long-term toxicity
and acceptable early toxicity. Defining normal lung V12.5 of <15% (optimal) and <20% (acceptable) will
significantly reduce the risk of pneumonitis and longer-term toxicity, proving itself more predictive than
lung V20 levels for toxicity. Additionally, treating multiple lesions concurrently appears to bare no extra
risk to patients.
Symptoms of Intermittent Claudication and Decreased Walking Tolerance in Patients Suffering from Peripheral Arterial Disease can be Improved with a Simple Herbal Supplement
Authors: Leung Ping-Chung , Ping Chook , Yui Timothy Kwok Chi , Leung Ping-Chung , Sang Woo Kam , Yen Bryan Yan Ping
Published: June 2020

Introduction: We have developed an innovative herbal formula containing two herbs of popular use for the
supplementation of cardiovascular health. Three clinical trials, viz. on patients with coronary arterial
obstruction, hypertension, and post-menopausal borderline hyperlipidaemia, have been done, all showing
promising results detected in ultrasonography as diminished intima media thickness (IMT), a surrogate
marker recommended for clinical trials related to cardiovascular health. 49+49 patients with known
peripheral arterial disease (PAD) were treated with twin formula or placebo group for 24 weeks. Assessment
using ultrasonography showed thinning down of the carotid intima (2.67%) only in the treatment group.
Maximal walking distance also increased by 21.8% in the treatment group compared with 7.2% in the
placebo group (p=0.499).
Discussion: The positive results in the PAD study as well as in the other studies done previously
demonstrated the effectiveness of the twin formula in the maintenance of cardiovascular health. It is safe
and offers direct protection of the internal environment of the artery while at the same time carries the
multiple roles of anti-inflammation, anti-oxygenation and anti-fibrosis, as were shown in in vitro and animal
bioactivity studies.
Conclusion and Outlook: The twin formula offers a good example of evidence-based medicinal
supplements with specific functions. Its developmental process also offers a more comprehensive way to
test traditional wisdom and practice through pragmatic clinical trials in the attempt to properly introduce it
to modern health care practice.
Local Recurrence in Patients with Upper Third Rectum Cancer Treated with Surgery Alone Compared with Surgery Plus Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Martinez Uriel , Mota Beatriz , Rayas David , Sansón Jesús , Martínez Manuel , Martinez Uriel
Published: June 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common neoplasm in Mexico, rectal cancer is the 16th most
common neoplasm [1]. Due to the different behavior and prognostic factors of locally advance disease,
manage should be tailored by a multidisciplinary approach. In tumors that rise in the upper third rectum
cancer scenario there are no studies comparing the oncological results of multimodal treatment vs surgery
alone.
Objective: To compare the disease-free survival in patients with upper third rectal cancer treated with surgery
alone vs multimodal treatment.
Material and Methods: We conducted a descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study using an historical
cohort. Analysis was based from the information in patient`s records from diagnosed with cancer of the upper
third rectum from 2011 to 2016. All patients with diagnosis of upper third rectum cancer were set in to two
groups according to the treatment modality recited: Surgery alone and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The
records of patients diagnosed with cancer of the upper third rectum were reviewed and divided into two
groups: with and without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, both treated with surgery.
Results: A total of 64 patient`s record were eligible, 48 of them were treated with surgery alone and 16 with
a multimodal approach. The mean age was 65.5 years in those treated with surgery and 69 in the multimodal
management group. The most frequent procedure was anterior resection, 45 cases (70.3%) in the group treated
with surgery and 12 cases (18.7%) in the multimodal group. A case of complete pathological response was
reported after a follow up of two years.
Conclusion: The data suggests that there are no statistically significant differences in the local recurrence
and disease-free survival with the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
Breast Uptake of Radio-iodine in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Kulkarni Kanchan , Kulkarni Kanchan
Published: June 2020

Radioiodine is often seen to accumulate within breast tissue in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.
Although the risk of secondary breast malignancy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with
radioiodine is controversial, the identification and reduction of this uptake is prudent to minimize the
radiation absorbed dose to the breast tissue. This article reviews the literature describing the etiology,
frequency and patterns of radioiodine uptake in breast tissue. Approaches and techniques to help minimize
the radioiodine uptake in lactating and nonlactating breasts are presented.