bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black carbon variability since preindustrial times in Eastern
part of Europe reconstructed from Mt Elbrus, Caucasus ice
cores
Authors: Lim Saehee , Faïn Xavier , Ginot Patrick , Mikhalenko Vladimir , Kutuzov Stanislav , Paris Jean-Daniel , Kozachek Anna , Laj Paolo
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Black carbon (BC), emitted by fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, is the second largest man-made contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide (Bond et al., 2013). However, limited information exists on its past emissions and atmospheric variability. In this study, we present the first high-resolution record of refractory BC (rBC, including mass concentration and size) reconstructed from ice cores drilled at a high-altitude Eastern European site in Mt. Elbrus (ELB), Caucasus (5115 m a.s.l.). The ELB ice core record, covering the period 1825–2013, reflects the atmospheric load of rBC particles at the ELB site transported from the European continent with a larger rBC input from sources located in the Eastern part of Europe. In the first half of the 20th century, European anthropogenic emissions resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the ice core rBC mass concentrations as respect to its level in the preindustrial era (before 1850). The rBC mass concentrations increased by a 5-fold in 1960–1980, followed by a decrease until ~ 2000. Over the last decade, the rBC signal for summer time slightly increased. We have compared the signal with the atmospheric BC load simulated using past BC emissions (ACCMIP and MACCity inventories) and taken into account the contribution of different geographical region to rBC distribution and deposition at the ELB site. Interestingly, the observed rBC variability in the ELB ice core record since the 1960s is not in perfect agreement with the simulated atmospheric BC load. Similar features between the ice core rBC record and the best scenarios for the atmospheric BC load support that anthropogenic BC increase in the 20th century is reflected in the ELB ice core record. However, the peak in BC mass concentration observed in ~ 1970 in the ice core is estimated to occur a decade later from past inventories. BC emission inventories for the period 1960s–1970s may be underestimating European anthropogenic emissions. Furthermore, for summer time snow layers of the last 2000s, the slightly increasing trend of rBC deposition likely reflects recent changes in anthropogenic and biomass burning BC emissions in the Eastern part of Europe. Our study highlights that the past changes in BC emissions of Eastern Europe need to be considered in assessing on-going air quality regulation.
Simultaneous observations of structure function parameter of refractive index using a high-resolution radar and the DataHawk small airborne measurement system
Authors: Scipión Danny E. , Lawrence Dale A. , Milla Marco A. , Woodman Ronald F. , Lume Diego A. , Balsley Ben B.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The SOUSY (SOUnding SYstem) radar was relocated to the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) near Lima, Peru, in 2000, where the radar controller and acquisition system were upgraded with state-of-the-art parts to take full advantage of its potential for high-resolution atmospheric sounding. Due to its broad bandwidth (4 MHz), it is able to characterize clear-air backscattering with high range resolution (37.5 m). A campaign conducted at JRO in July 2014 aimed to characterize the lower troposphere with a high temporal resolution (8.1 Hz) using the DataHawk (DH) small unmanned aircraft system, which provides in situ atmospheric measurements at scales as small as 1 m in the lower troposphere and can be GPS-guided to obtain measurements within the beam of the radar. This was a unique opportunity to make coincident observations by both systems and to directly compare their in situ and remotely sensed parameters. Because SOUSY only points vertically, it is only possible to retrieve vertical radar profiles caused by changes in the refractive index within the resolution volume. Turbulent variations due to scattering are described by the structure function parameter of refractive index Cn2. Profiles of Cn2 from the DH are obtained by combining pressure, temperature, and relative humidity measurements along the helical trajectory and integrated at the same scale as the radar range resolution. Excellent agreement is observed between the Cn2 estimates obtained from the DH and SOUSY in the overlapping measurement regime from 1200 m up to 4200 m above sea level, and this correspondence provides the first accurate calibration of the SOUSY radar for measuring Cn2.
Climate change impacts on net primary production (NPP) and export production
(EP) regulated by increasing stratification and phytoplankton community
structure in the CMIP5 models
Authors: Fu Weiwei , Randerson James T. , Moore J. Keith
Published: September 2016

Abstract. We examine climate change impacts on net primary production (NPP) and export production (sinking particulate flux; EP) with simulations from nine Earth system models (ESMs) performed in the framework of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Global NPP and EP are reduced by the end of the century for the intense warming scenario of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. Relative to the 1990s, NPP in the 2090s is reduced by 2–16 % and EP by 7–18 %. The models with the largest increases in stratification (and largest relative declines in NPP and EP) also show the largest positive biases in stratification for the contemporary period, suggesting overestimation of climate change impacts on NPP and EP. All of the CMIP5 models show an increase in stratification in response to surface–ocean warming and freshening, which is accompanied by decreases in surface nutrients, NPP and EP. There is considerable variability across the models in the magnitudes of NPP, EP, surface nutrient concentrations and their perturbations by climate change. The negative response of NPP and EP to increasing stratification reflects primarily a bottom-up control, as upward nutrient flux declines at the global scale. Models with dynamic phytoplankton community structure show larger declines in EP than in NPP. This pattern is driven by phytoplankton community composition shifts, with reductions in productivity by large phytoplankton as smaller phytoplankton (which export less efficiently) are favored under the increasing nutrient stress. Thus, the projections of the NPP response to climate change are critically dependent on the simulated phytoplankton community structure, the efficiency of the biological pump and the resulting levels of regenerated production, which vary widely across the models. Community structure is represented simply in the CMIP5 models, and should be expanded to better capture the spatial patterns and climate-driven changes in export efficiency.
Optimized photodegradation of Bisphenol A in water using ZnO, TiO2 and
SnO2 photocatalysts under UV radiation as a decontamination procedure
Authors: Abo Rudy , Kummer Nicolai-Alexeji , Merkel Broder J.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Experiments on photodegradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) were carried out in water samples by means photocatalytic and photo-oxidation methods in the presence of ZnO, TiO2 and SnO2 catalysts. The objective of this study was to develop an improved technique that can be used as a remediation procedure for a BPA-contaminated surface water and groundwater based on the UV solar radiation. The photodegradation of BPA in water performed under a low-intensity UV source mimics the UVC and UVA spectrum of solar radiation between 254 and 365 nm. The archived results reveal higher degradation rates observed in the presence of ZnO than with TiO2 and SnO2 catalysts during 20 h of irradiation. The intervention of the advanced photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reduces the time of degradation to less than 1 h to reach a degradation rate of 90 % for BPA in water. The study proposes the use of ZnO as a competitor catalyst to the traditional TiO2, providing the most effective treatment of contaminated water with phenolic products.
Impact of dust deposition on the albedo of Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland
Authors: Dragosics Monika , Groot Zwaaftink Christine D , Schmidt Louise Steffensen , Guðmundsson Sverrir , Pálsson Finnur , Arnalds Olafur , Björnsson Helgi , Thorsteinsson Throstur , Stohl Andreas
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Deposition of small amounts of airborne dust on glaciers causes positive radiative forcing and enhanced melting due to the reduction of surface albedo. To study the effects of dust deposition on the mass balance of Brúarjökull, an outlet glacier of the largest ice cap in Iceland, Vatnajökull, a study of dust deposition events in the year 2012 was carried out. The dust-mobilization module FLEXDUST was used to calculate spatiotemporally resolved dust emissions from Iceland and the dispersion model FLEXPART was used to simulate atmospheric dust dispersion and deposition. We used albedo measurements at two automatic weather stations on Brúarjökull to evaluate the dust impacts. Both stations are situated in the accumulation area of the glacier, but the lower station is close to the equilibrium line. For this site (~1210 m a.s.l.), the dispersion model produced 10 major dust deposition events and a total annual deposition of 16 g m-2. At the station located higher on the glacier (~1525 m a.s.l.), the model produced nine dust events, with one single event causing ~5 g m-2 dust deposition and a total deposition of ~9 g m-2 yr-1. The main dust source was found to be the Dyngjusandur floodplain north of Vatnajökull; northerly winds prevailed 80 % of the time at the lower station when dust events occurred. In all of the simulated dust events, a corresponding albedo drop was observed at the weather stations. The influence of the dust on the albedo was estimated by using the regional climate model HIRHAM5 to simulate the albedo of a clean glacier surface without dust. By comparing the measured albedo to the modelled albedo, we determine the influence of dust events on the snow albedo and the surface energy balance. We estimate that the dust deposition caused an additional 1.1 m w.e. (water equivalent) of snow melt (or 42 % of the 2.8 m w.e. total melt) compared to a hypothetical clean glacier surface at the lower station, and 0.6 m w.e. more melt (or 38 % of the 1.6 m w e. melt in total) at the station located further upglacier. Our findings show that dust has a strong influence on the mass balance of glaciers in Iceland.
Ecos da violência nas margens de uma sociedade democrática: o caso da periferia de Fortaleza
Authors: Paiva Luiz Fábio S. , Freitas Geovani Jacó
Published: September 2016

O trabalho é resultado de investigações etnográficas realizadas em bairros localizados naperiferia de Fortaleza (CE). Essas investigações tiveram como objetivo compreender osefeitos cotidianos e políticos da violência em territórios urbanos. Observamos que, alémda experiência empírica, a violência na periferia pode ser interpretada a partir dos ecosproduzidos na vida social de sujeitos que, em tese, deveriam estar resguardados por instânciasconstitutivas de uma sociedade democrática de direito. Para isso ser compreendido,procuramos saber como as pessoas interpretam e falam da violência nos bairros em queresidem. Encontramos ecos da violência que podem ser percebidos em rumores, medose separações criadas nas comunidades pesquisadas. Seus efeitos reverberam na maneiracomo os moradores interpretam suas ações em uma democracia, compartilhando direitose deveres com pessoas que não se reconhecem como iguais. Em linhas gerais, a cidadaniaé pensada aqui como um problema moral estruturante da vida na periferia.
Iss. 2, no 2
Authors: -- --
Published: September 2016

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Genetic characteristics of Tambaqui broodstocks in the state of Rondônia, Brazil: implications on production and conservation
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Maria Del Pilar , Resende Emiko Kawakami de , Souza Felipe Pinheiro de , Povh Jayme Aparecido , Poveda-Parra Angela Rocio , Goes Elenice Souza dos Reis , Galo Juliana Minardi , Bernardo Junior Maxwel , Lopera-Barrero Nelson Mauricio
Published: September 2016

In recent years, the genetic monitoring of broodstocks in fish farming has been greatly highlighted due to its importance in the management and improvement of their production and conservation. Current study evaluates the genetic diversity of four Tambaqui broodstocks (Colossoma macropomum) in the state of Rondônia (Brazil) and discusses activities towards the species´s correct production management and conservation. Nine primers were employed to analyze 94 specimens from four fish farms in the municipalities of Ji-Paraná (JP), Ouro Preto do Oeste (OP), Presidente Médici (PM) and Rolim de Moura (RM). Differences in the frequency of 38 fragments, with an exclusive fragment in JP and OP, were reported. High polymorphism (52.40 to 64.60%) and Shannon Index (0.313 to 0.382) rates were observed. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated that most variation is within each stock. The identity and genetic distance between the groups ranged between 0.927 and 0.954 and between 0.047 and 0.076 respectively, with shortest distance between the OPxPM and JPxRM groups. Genetic differentiation ranged from moderate to high (Fst = 0.081 to 0.179) and the number of migrants per generation was moderate (Nm = 3.83 to 6.24). As a rule, stocks showed high genetic variability and moderate / high differentiation and genetic distance between them. The results allowed direct conservation programs and increase the productivity of this species in fish farming through breeding programs.
Effects of including scrapes of residual dehydrated cassava in sheep feeding on intake and nutrient digestibility
Authors: Geron Luiz Juliano Valério , Costa Fabiana Gomes da , Roberto Lucas Da Silva , Silva Ana Paula da , Coelho Kallynka Samara Martins , Garcia Jocilaine , Aguiar Sílvia Cristina de , Carvalho Joilma Toniolo Honório de , Santana Wemilli Grazieli Souza , Paula Edson Júnior Heitor de
Published: September 2016

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of scrapes residual dehydrated cassava (SRDC) in sheep feed on the intake and total digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients. We used four sheep with body weight (BW) of 26.0 kg, distributed in a Latin square design. The sheep were placed in metabolism cages and received two meals a day. The variables studied were subjected to analysis of variance and differences were tested using regression analysis at the 5% significance level. We determined that the inclusion of different concentrations of SRDC in sheep feeding did not modify (p > 0.05) the intake of intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), or total carbohydrates (TC) expressed in g animal-1 day-1, g kg0.75-1 and %BW). On average 2.83%, 2.58%, 0.34%, 0.07%, 1.62%, 0.91%, and 2.24% of the BW were obtained for intake of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and TC, respectively. However, the four experimental diets negatively affected the NFC intake and %BW (p < 0.05). Different concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) of SRDC in sheep diets did not influence (p > 0.05) the digestibility coefficient of most of the variables measured (DM, OM CP, EE, NDF, ADF, TCH, NFC, with average values of 67.79%, 67.61%, 53.87%, 81.42%, 55.61%, 39.07%, 70.95%, and 91.48%, respectively. Thus, we conclude that the inclusion of up to 30% of SRDC in sheep diets would not affect intake or nutrient digestibility
Feeding behavior in lambs fed diets containing crambe cake
Authors: Syperreck Mirna Adriane , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika , Pereira Elzânia Sales , Ribeiro Edson Luis de Azambuja , Peixoto Eduardo Lucas Terra , Pimentel Patrícia Guimarães , Franco André Luiz Csutódio , Massaro Junior Fernando Luiz , Brito Rafael Mizubuti , Parra Angela Rocio
Published: September 2016

It was evaluated the feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing 30% sorghum silage and 70% crambe cake (30:70 diet), and 70% sorghum silage and 30% crambe cake (70:30 diet) under voluntary and controlled consumption. The experimental design used was a 4 × 4 Latin square, with four animals, four periods, and four treatments; feeding behavior was determined by observation. The results indicated that animals fed the 30:70 diet showed higher DM and NDF (g day-1) than those fed the 70:30 diet. Animals fed the 70:30 diet showed longer feeding times (h kg-1 DM), mastication (min kg-1 DM and min kg-1 NDF), rumination (min day-1 and min kg-1 DM), and the largest number of mericics chewing per bolus; however, a higher feed efficiency (g DM h-1) was observed in the 30:70 diet group. Furthermore, animals feeding voluntarily had higher DM intake and chewed for longer. Therefore, the combined results indicated that crambe cake could be used in the diet of sheep without affecting feeding behavior.
Energy and protein requirements of crossbred Holstein x Zebu steers fed different levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet
Authors: Zanetti Diego , Valadares Filho Sebastião De Campos , Detmann Edenio , Pacheco Marcos Vinicius Carneiro , Godoi Letícia Artuzo , Silva Breno De Castro , Santos Stefanie Alvarenga , Mariz Lays Débora Silva , Paulino Mário Fonseca , Silva Júnior Jarbas Miguel da
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the energy and protein requirements of crossbred Holstein x Zebu steers fed with or without the supplementation of dicalcium phosphate in the diet. Thirty-two steers with an average initial body weight of 377.5 ± 49.4 kg were used, of which four were initially slaughtered to estimate the empty body weight (EBW) of the animals. Twenty-four steers were fed ad libitum and were distributed in a completely randomized design with two levels of concentrate (30 and 60 %), and diets with or without dicalcium phosphate and four steers were fed at maintenance level, so that the body weight gain was equal to zero. After 84 days the animals were slaughtered. The animal tissues were sampled, and composted by two samples, denominated by “carcass” (bone, muscle and fat) and “non-carcass” (head, limbs, blood, hide, organs and viscera) for determination of the body composition. The net energy requirements (NEm) and metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) were obtained while relating heat production (HP) and metabolizable energy intake (MEI); meanwhile, the net energy requirements for gain (NEg) and the net protein requirements for gain (NPg) were obtained as a function of empty body weight (EBW), empty body gain (EBG) and retained energy (RE) in EBW. The daily net and metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance were 76.90 and 119.36 kcal/EBW0.75, respectively. The net energy requirements for gain can be obtained by the following equation: NEg = 0.0568±0.0025 × EBW0.75 × EBG1.095. The efficiencies of use of metabolizable energy for maintenance and gain are 64.4 and 29.68 %, respectively. The metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance are 4.14 g/BW0.75. The net protein requirements for gain can be obtained through the following equation: NPg = 236.36±30.06 × EBG - 19.84±6.14 × RE. We recommend the use of the equations obtained in this experiment to calculate the energy and protein requirements of crossbred Holstein x Zebu steers.
Symbiotics and Aloe vera and Symphytum officinale extracts in broiler feed
Authors: Oliveira Paula Rodrigues , Santos Fabiana Ramos , Duarte Eduardo Ferreira , Guimarães Gustavo Silva , Mattos Nadiessa Sartori Carvalho , Minafra Cibele Silva
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to test the effects of dietary Aloe vera and Symphytum officinale extracts added separately or in combination with symbiotics on the performance, nutrient utilization, serum biochemical parameters, biometrics, and intestinal histomorfometry of broilers. The experiment had a randomized block design with five treatments and six replicates of ten broilers each. Treatments were as follows: negative control and positive control (diet without and with antibiotic, respectively); 0.2% Aloe vera (AV); 0.2% Symphytum officinale (S); 0.2% functional supplement, composed of symbiotics fermented in Aloe vera and comfrey plant extracts (S+PE). At seven days of age, FI of birds fed the Aloe vera extracts diets were lower than that observed for birds consuming the diet with Symphytum officinale extract and S+PE. Broiler performance remained unaffected by treatments at others ages evaluated. At 10 to 14 days of age the lowest ADCDM ADCCP was shown in group feed NC. The highest ADCCP was observed in PC control group and in diets supplemented with Aloe vera and S+PE. Serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phosphorus were affected by addition of extracts at seven, 21, and 35 days of age. The longest duodenal villi were observed in broilers fed S+PE diets at seven days of age. Aloe vera and Symphytum officinale extracts and symbiotics can be used in broiler diets as an alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics.
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Nelore Angus and Nelore Angus Guzera crossbreed cows fed with supplemented pasture during the yearling and feedlot stages
Authors: Mesquita Eduardo Eustáquio , Castagnara Deise Dalazen , Oliveira Newton Tavares Escocard de , Figueiredo Alan Cardias , Oliveira Aparecida da Costa
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of two crossbreed genetic groups, ½ Nelore ½ Angus and ¼ Nelore ¼ Angus ½ Guzera, which originate from the rotational crosses of Nellore cows with Angus bulls and ½ Nellore ½ Angus cows with Guzera bulls, respectively. The growth performance was evaluated at the end of the yearling and feedlot stages, and carcass characteristics were evaluated after the slaughter. A completely randomized trial design was used, with 12 cows in each group. The yearling stage lasted 270 days, and the cattle were fed with pasture of Brachiaria brizantha ‘Marandu’ with 2.0 UA ha-1 and a forage allowance of 2.5 kg of dry matter (DM) per 100 kg of live weight (LW), during this stage the animals, with an average age of 365 ± 10 days, received protein and energy supplementation ad libitum. After the yearling stage, the cows were confined until they reached the age of 22–24 months and received 6.0 kg DM of sugar cane + urea and 4.0 kg DM of concentrate, with 150 g kg-1 of crude protein (CP), daily during 90 days. The daily average weight gain (DAWG) during the yearling stage was higher for the ½ Nelore ½ Angus group. The ¼ Nelore ¼ Angus ½ Guzera group reached higher slaughter weight because they had higher DAWG during the feedlot stage (1.022 vs. 728 g dia-1). No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found between the groups when the hot carcass weights were compared. The ½ Nelore ½ Angus group reached a higher carcass weight percentage (53 vs. 50 %) and subcutaneous fat thickness (4.3 vs. 4.0 mm).
Effect of slow release urea in sheep feed on intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal parameters
Authors: Geron Luiz Juliano Valério , Aguiar Sílvia Cristina de , Carvalho Joilma Toniolo Honório de , Juffo Gregory Duarte , Silva Ana Paula da , Sousa Neto Eurico Lucas de , Coelho Kallynka Samara Martins , Garcia Jocilaine , Diniz Leomar Custódio , Paula Edson Júnior Heitor de
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% slow release urea (SRU) in sheep feed on the intake and total digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients and ruminal parameters of sheep living in tropical regions. Four sheep with a body weight (BW) average of 30.8 ± 1.7 kg were assigned to a Latin square design. The animals were placed in metabolic cages and received two meals a day. Intake data and DC of nutrients of the sheep were subjected to analysis of variance and differences were tested using a regression equation to 5% probability. The inclusion of 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% SRU in sheep feed did not change (p > 0.05) the intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral or acid detergent fiber (NDF, ADF), total carbohydrates (TC), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) expressed in g animal-1 day-1, g (kg0.75)-1, and % BW. The mean values of 3.04%, 2.82%, 0.41%, 0.07%, 1.36%, 0.87%, 2.31%, and 1.00% of BW were obtained for the intake of DM, OM, CP, EE, ANF, ADF, TC, and NFC, respectively. The inclusion of 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% of SRU in sheep rations had a quadratic manner (p < 0.05) the DC of DM and CP, with maximum values of 69.67% and 63.59%, respectively, for 0.51% and 0.66% levels of SRU inclusion in the experimental diets. The pH of the rumen fluid did not vary (p > 0.05) for different levels of inclusion of SRU in the feed. However, the pH of the rumen fluid did differ (p < 0.05) in relation to time (T) after feeding for all experimental diets. The inclusion levels of SRU in sheep feed did not affect (p > 0.05) the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of the rumen fluid, but there was a quadratic effect (p < 0.05) with relation to T for all experimental diets. Thus, we conclude that the inclusion of 0.66% SRU provides the best digestibility value of CP and is the appropriate value for the digestion of DM. The inclusion of up to 1.2% of SRU in sheep rations did not change the intake of nutrients and ruminal parameters.
Ressignificação do lar: as mudanças da sociedade refletidas na configuração dos imóveis em Maringá
Authors: Cypriano Luiza Bordignon , Pépece Olga Maria Coutinho
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo visa descrever as características dos apartamentos residenciais das famílias Maringaenses, de classes A e B, entre as décadas de 80, 90 até os anos 2012, identificando quais mudanças ocorreram neste período, levantando a ressignificação dos espaços internos residenciais e compreendendo quais as forças que influenciaram estas mudanças. As características dos apartamentos foram estudadas década por década, dentro do período citado, junto a arquitetos que atuam na cidade de Maringá. Para alcançar os objetivos descritos, a metodologia escolhida foi de abordagem qualitativa, onde as ferramentas utilizadas foram a revisão bibliográfica do tema e entrevista semi-estruturada dos arquitetos. As conclusões desta pesquisa foram de que o apartamento procurado na década de 80 era aquele com estilo de uma residência horizontal e atendia uma família que exigia muito espaço interno, porém pouca praticidade. Na década de 90 os imóveis reduziram sua metragem, pode-se considerar um apartamento-transição, já não havia o excesso de cômodos como na década de 80, porém era tudo racionalizado quando comparado aos anos 2000. Os anos 2000 em diante são marcados com o aspecto de apartamento-lazer, focado na integração da área social para receber convidados, privacidade na área íntima e utilização consciente da área de serviço.
The impact of humic acid fractions on swelling and germination of ‘Progres’ and ‘Nawiko’ soybean seeds under salt and water deficit stresses
Authors: Gawlik Andrzej , Gołębiowska Dorota , Kulpa Danuta , Bejger Romualda , Matuszak-Slamani Renata , Sienkiewicz Mariola , Włodarczyk Małgorzata
Published: September 2016

A laboratory research was carried out to examine the impact of humic acids (HA) on swelling and germination of ‘Nawiko’ and ‘Progres’ soybean seeds under salt stress (50 mM dm−3 NaCl) and water deficit stress (−0.5 MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. HA in the form of a dry preparation was obtained from peat using the IHSS method. Tests on swelling and germination used non-fractionate preparation (NFHA) and two of its molecular fractions obtained using Millipore filters with a 30 kDa cut-off point. This enabled us to obtain two fractions: with a higher molecular weight, above 30 kDa (HMHA), and a lower molecular weight, below 30 kDa (LMHA). The carbon concentration in HA solutions, used in all tests, was 0.005 g CHA dm−3. The results showed that HA mitigate the negative impact of salinity and water deficit on swelling and germination of soybean seeds.
Using the Petri nets for forming the technological lines of the passenger trains processing in Ukraine
Authors: Aleshinskiy Evgen , Naumov Vitalii , Prymachenko Ganna
Published: September 2016

Despite the large number of publications, which authors use the mathematical apparatus of Petri nets for the transportation systems studies, there are still no such researches of technological processing lines for passenger trains on the territory of passenger complexes that aim to improve trains processing technology. In this article, we present simulation models of technological processing lines for passenger trains of different categories developed with the use of Petri nets. The structure of proposed simulation models is based on real time parallel-operating objects. Such an approach allows maximizing similarity of developed models and the simulated objects; in this way we achieve the increased adequacy of the obtained models. The article presents an interface of developed models and examples of their functioning under conditions of different input parameters, as well as the results of their use in order to reduce the passenger trains processing time. The proposed models are generic and could be applied for simulation of passenger trains processing at any station of Ukraine.
Drivers’ adaptive travel behaviors towards green transportation development: a critical review
Authors: Shafaghat Arezou , Keyvanfar Ali , Muslim Nurul Hidayah
Published: September 2016

The transportation professionals integrated the concept Green in various dimensions of transportation, such as, green vehicle, green highway. The current study has established a new dimension to green transportation, which is called Green Driver as whom substantially contributes to less emission and fuel consumption, and higher-safety. The research established the driver’s Green Adaptive Travel Behaviors (GATB), in particular, that is referred to voluntary personal and lifestyle behaviors on less energy consumption and emission. The methodology was designed into two phases. Phase one was to investigate driver’s GATBs through systematic literature review process and content analysis method. The second phase was to verify greenery value impact (GVI) of the finalized list of drivers’ GATBs through an expert input study and Grounded Group Decision Making (GGDM) method. Total twenty six (26) GATB factors have been determined. Amongst, the factor ‘F27- Dangerous overtaking’ has received the highest value (97%) followed with ‘F3- Slow once realizing bike lanes for cyclist crossing’ (91%). In contrast, ‘F4- Realize visual Obstacles to manage the speed’ and ‘F21- Brake with smooth deceleration’ has received the lowest value (77%) among other factors. Two of the initial factors;‘F5-Use traffic calming devices’ (55%), and ‘F24- Change highest possible gear’ (69%) could not reach the 70% saturation; hence, they have been dropped from the list of GATB factors. Indeed, the GATB efforts are not limited to technology and practice; but also can include education and enforcement to driving regulations in order to interconnect driver, technology, environment, and vehicle. The research concluded with an innovative technique used as the decision support tool to evaluate the greenery grade of any individual driver on committing to less emission, less fuel consumption, and higher safety in traveling. As future study, the Green driver behaviour index assessment model will be developed based on this study outputs.
Operational problems of 2+1 bypass road sections
Authors: Tracz Marian , Kieć Mariusz
Published: September 2016

The paper presents several problems of designing trunk-road bypasses of towns, which can be very helpful in improving their traffic performance. Such roads perform supplementary functions to the operation of network of motorways and express-roads constructed in Poland over the last decade. These problems include: selection of the cross section, selection and design of intersections and interchanges on bypasses, safety and traffic operation problems. The authors highlight the advantages of bypasses and point out some errors, which can be seen in the operation stage, basing on research and observation of 8 bypasses. In the paper traffic operation and road safety analyses for Zyrardow bypass are presented. The final part of the paper gives conclusions and recommendations for 2+1 bypass use and design.
Analysis of Theanine in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Dietary Ingredients and Supplements by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Postcolumn Derivatization: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2016.10
Authors: Ofitserova Maria , Nerkar Sareeta
Published: September 2016

An HPLC method with postcolumn derivatization was developed and validated for the determination of theanine content in tea dietary ingredients and supplements. A variety of common commercially available supplement forms such as powders, liquid tinctures, tablets, softgels, and gelcaps, as well as three National Institute of Standards and Technology Camellia sinensis Standard Reference Materials were investigated in the study. A simple extraction procedure using citrate buffer at pH 2.2 allowed for the analysis of theanine without additional cleanup or concentration steps, even at low ppm levels. Theanine was separated from other naturally occurring amino acids using a cation-exchange column and detected using a UV-Vis detector after derivatization with ninhydrin reagent. A single-laboratory validation demonstrated that specificity, accuracy, precision, and other method performance parameters have met the requirements set for theanine analysis by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Dietary Supplements.
Comparison of SPE/d-SPE and QuEChERS-Based Extraction Procedures in Terms of Fungicide Residue Analysis in Wine Samples by HPLC–DAD and LC-QqQ-MS
Authors: Tuzimski Tomasz , Rejczak Tomasz , Pieniążek Dominika , Buszewicz Grzegorz , Teresiński Grzegorz
Published: September 2016

Two different extraction and clean-up protocols, based on either the SPE/dispersive SPE (d-SPE) or the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe approach, were optimized and compared for determination of six selected fungicides (benalaxyl, metalaxyl, triadimenol, tebuconazole, diniconazole, and epoxiconazole) in wine samples. The pilot study was performed by applying HPLC with diode-array detection, and optimized procedures were easily transferred to the LC triple-quadrupole MS system. Both extraction procedures presented good performance for all the analytes, with recoveries in the range of 70–132% and SDs ≤20%. The d-SPE clean-up step included in both procedures allows obtaining colorless extracts with the majority of coextracted matrix compounds removed. LC with electrospray ionization and tandem MS operating in the multiple reaction monitoring mode provide high sensitivity and selectivity for trace analysis. Both developed procedures were evaluated in terms of commercial wine sample analysis. In three wine samples, metalaxyl and tebuconazole residues were detected at concentrations from 0.14 to 30.7 ng/mL. Both approaches showed satisfactory feasibility for fungicide residue analysis in wine samples.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Arsipoda Erichson, 1842 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in New Caledonia
Authors: D’Alessandro Paola , Samuelson Allan , Biondi Maurizio
Published: September 2016

A taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian species of Arsipoda Erichson, 1842 is provided. This group includes 21 species, of which 14 are new to science: Arsipoda atra sp. nov., A. communis sp. nov., A. doboszi sp. nov., A. elongata sp. nov., A. gomezzuritai sp. nov., A. gressitti sp. nov., A. longifrons sp. nov., A. montana sp. nov., A. paniensis sp. nov., A. povilaensis sp. nov., A. punctata sp. nov., A. rutai sp. nov., A. transversa sp. nov. and A. wanati sp. nov. A key for the identification, with figures of habitus, main diagnostic characters, and genitalia is supplied. The range of host plants for these species is extraordinarily broad, and a significant number of them feed on pollen. Crepicnema Scherer, 1969, close to Arsipoda, is also investigated and maintained as a separate genus, and the following synonymies and combination are proposed: Crepicnema parvula (Jacoby, 1885) comb. nov. = Chaetocnema tenimberensis Jacoby, 1894 syn. nov., = Arsipoda salomonensis Bryant, 1941 syn. nov. The phylogenetic analysis, including also A. bifrons Erichson, 1842 and Crepicnema, confirms some trends in distribution patterns of the endemic New Caledonian fauna, and highlights the necessity of further studies to clarify the relationships between Arsipoda and related genera.
Natureza, Território, Civilização e Modernidade e a construção da nação nos livros didáticos de geografia da Primeira República
Authors: Carvalho Naiemer Ribeiro de
Published: September 2016

Esse artigo analisa a presença de uma ideologia nacional e a compreensão de como se formou e se criou uma ideia e imagem de Brasil nos livros didáticos de geografia do ensino secundário na Primeira República (1889-1930), período decisivo à afirmação e definição da nacionalidade brasileira no qual a unicidade e a centralização do território eram valores imprescindíveis. O cabedal teórico-metodológico mobilizado para a compreensão do espaço e da realidade vivida à época e registrada nos livros didáticos de geografia se apoiou na análise histórica do período, da geografia escolar e do pensamento geográfico. Desta conjunção foram extraídas as categorias de análise: Natureza e Território; e Civilização e Modernidade.
Estágio supervisionado como espaço de revisão de conceitos na formação inicial de futuros professores de Geografia
Authors: Braga Maria Cleonice Barbosa , Santos Francisco De Assis dos
Published: September 2016

A formação inicial de professores é desafiada a desenvolver um trabalho que rompa com a histórica dissociação entre teoria e prática. Nessa perspectiva o presente trabalho buscou compreender as concepções de estágio de estudantes de uma Licenciatura em Geografia ao longo de dois anos de envolvimento no componente curricular Estágio Supervisionado.  O foco foi desenvolver uma práxis no sentido de atingir uma mudança não apenas conceitual, mas prática. A pesquisa-ação foi o caminho que usamos para acompanhar as possíveis reconstruções das referidas concepções. A análise dos dados nos mostrou que as mudanças superaram a mera concepção de estágio, que deixou de ser momento de colocar em prática os conteúdos, “habilidades” e “práticas” aprendidos na licenciatura, para ser um campo de conhecimento. A compreensão da articulação entre as problemáticas vividas na sala de aula e na escola com a realidade social mais ampla; a origem das “teorias” e práticas pessoais e coletivas; são alguns dos aprendizados destacados pelos alunos ao final do componente curricular.
Estimativa de conforto térmico no entorno do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso: estudo de caso no campus Sorriso
Authors: França Mauro Sergio de , Dombski Ednei , Melo Danielli Souza de , Castanha Márcio , França Silvana Maria Bertoldo de
Published: September 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o conforto térmico na cidade de Sorriso, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Para isso utilizou-se dois termo-higrômetros para registros das variáveis microclimáticas em duas áreas distintas da cidade, sendo elas o entorno da sede atual e o entorno da sede futura do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso (IFMT), Campus Sorriso. Para calcular a estimativa utilizou-se o Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) obtido em dias representativos para a sazonalidade regional de 2013 durante três horários. Os resultados mostraram predomínio de dias confortáveis pela manhã, extremamente desconfortáveis à tarde e levemente desconfortáveis a noite (estação chuvosa) e dias extremamente desconfortáveis pela manhã e tarde, levemente desconfortáveis a noite (estação seca).
Uso da terra e a sua relação com qualidade da água: influência das zonas ripárias e úmidas
Authors: Capoane Viviane , Tiecher Tales , Santos Danilo Rheinheimer dos
Published: September 2016

Alterações nas propriedades hidrológicas de zonas úmidas e ripárias para uso agrícola e pecuário é uma prática generalizada no mundo inteiro. A fim de compreender as consequências dessas alterações, no presente trabalho foram avaliados os efeitos que diferentes proporções de zonas úmidas e matas ripárias entre duas bacias hidrográficas agrícolas do planalto do Rio Grande do Sul, na sobre a qualidade da água dos canais de drenagem. Análises de parâmetros físicos, químicos, microbiológicos e indicadores de matéria orgânica de amostras de água dos canais de drenagem foram realizados em intervalos de três meses, durante um ano. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o manejo inadequado do solo e utilização de práticas agropecuárias incompatíveis com a fragilidade do ambiente, são os fatores que mais afetam a qualidade da água dos canais de drenagem em ambas as bacias. A qualidade da água não diferiu entre as bacias hidrográficas monitoradas, o que demonstra que a maior área de zonas úmidas pode estar compensando a menor presença de mata ripária, e vice-versa.
Development of a Three-Dimensional Bioengineering Technology to Generate Lung Tissue for Personalized Disease Modeling
Authors: Wilkinson Dan C. , Alva-Ornelas Jackelyn A. , Sucre Jennifer M.S. , Vijayaraj Preethi , Durra Abdo , Richardson Wade , Jonas Steven J. , Paul Manash K. , Karumbayaram Saravanan , Dunn Bruce , Gomperts Brigitte N.
Published: September 2016

Stem cell technologies, especially patient-specific, induced stem cell pluripotency and directed differentiation, hold great promise for changing the landscape of medical therapies. Proper exploitation of these methods may lead to personalized organ transplants, but to regenerate organs, it is necessary to develop methods for assembling differentiated cells into functional, organ-level tissues. The generation of three-dimensional human tissue models also holds potential for medical advances in disease modeling, as full organ functionality may not be necessary to recapitulate disease pathophysiology. This is specifically true of lung diseases where animal models often do not recapitulate human disease. Here, we present a method for the generation of self-assembled human lung tissue and its potential for disease modeling and drug discovery for lung diseases characterized by progressive and irreversible scarring such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Tissue formation occurs because of the overlapping processes of cellular adhesion to multiple alveolar sac templates, bioreactor rotation, and cellular contraction. Addition of transforming growth factor-β1 to single cell-type mesenchymal organoids resulted in morphologic scarring typical of that seen in IPF but not in two-dimensional IPF fibroblast cultures. Furthermore, this lung organoid may be modified to contain multiple lung cell types assembled into the correct anatomical location, thereby allowing cell-cell contact and recapitulating the lung microenvironment. Our bottom-up approach for synthesizing patient-specific lung tissue in a scalable system allows for the development of relevant human lung disease models with the potential for high throughput drug screening to identify targeted therapies.
Pseudomonas oryzihabitans Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Panagopoulos Georgios N. , Megaloikonomos Panayiotis D. , Liontos Marcos , Giannitsioti Efthymia , Drogari-Apiranthitou Miranda , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Kontogeorgakos Vasilios
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Pseudomonas oryzihabitans is a saprophytic gram-negative microorganism usually found in damp environments, only occasionally responsible for human pathology. Infection mainly occurs in malnourished, immunocompromised individuals with indwelling catheters. There is no previous published record of infection after joint arthroplasty. To enhance the literature, in this article we report a patient with a Pseudomonas oryzihabitans infected total hip arthroplasty, and discuss the diagnosis and management of this unusual infection.
Écrire la douleur de la disparition. Marguerite Duras à propos de Robert Antelme
Authors: Kègle Christiane
Published: September 2016

Cet article s'intéresse aux enjeux mortifères que représentent pour le vivant divers contextes de violences totalitaires. Situant l'oeuvre singulière « La douleur » dans la production littéraire de Duras, il élabore une interrogation sur les processus psychiques inconscients propres au travail de deuil et au deuil pathologique, soit la mélancolie selon Freud, Lacan et Ricoeur. Ce qui entraîne une réflexion sur la manière dont, confronté à des textes limites, non médiatisés, fortement traversés par l'imaginarisation de la mort de l'autre, le lecteur peut se trouver en position de danger. Sont ensuite résumés les temps 0 et 1 de la transmission orale passant du témoin rescapé (Antelme) au témoignaire (Moscolo) mis en position de réceptacle psychique (Jurgenson). De là, se dégage une stratification propre aux deux instances investies dans « La douleur », et qui peut se rapprocher d'une position éthique pour le sujet de l'écriture et l'instance lectorale.
L’ascension des « enfants disparus » à l’agenda de l’Occident. Enquête sur une nouvelle frontière de l’intolérable
Authors: Poretti Michele
Published: September 2016

Dans les dernières décennies, les disparitions d’enfants ont acquis en Occident une visibilité politique sans précédents. La cause des « enfants disparus », catégorie qui inclut, entre autres, les kidnappings, les enlèvements parentaux et les fugues, est notamment devenue la raison d’être de nombreuses ONG et une source d’inquiétude croissante pour les États. Sur la base d’une enquête auprès de professionnels, cet article interroge la logique qui sous-tend la remarquable ascension de cette nouvelle cause publique. En suivant au plus près les acteurs et en situant la trajectoire des « enfants disparus » dans le contexte des transformations de notre relation à l’enfance, à la vie et à la mort, l’article montre, en particulier, qu’au nom de la sauvegarde de l’intégrité corporelle des enfants et de la santé de leurs parents, cette cause contribue à dépolitiser l’espace public et à légitimer les dispositifs voués à gouverner la vie des gens.
Le dessin ou la vie : parcours d’un deuil dans la bande dessinée Catharsis (Luz, 2015)1
Authors: Boukala Mouloud
Published: September 2016

Le 7 janvier 2015 en fin de matinée à Paris, les frères Chérif et Saïd Kouachi lancent une attaque contre la rédaction de l’hebdomadaire satiriqueCharlie Hebdo. Cagoulés, vêtus de noir et armés de kalachnikovs, ils déciment la rédaction, faisant douze morts dont huit journalistes. Cet article examine comment Renald Luzier (« Luz »), dessinateur de presse àCharlie Hebdo, se réconcilie avec la mort, la réapprend par le truchement de la bande dessinéeCatharsis(2015).Autrement dit, comment la bande dessinée parvient-elle à donner du sens à une expérience traumatique ? Comment contribue-t-elle, par une expérience graphique, à nouer des liens entre un passé récent indicible, un présent douloureux et un possible futur ? Peut-elle être un moyen de (re)construction de soi ? Autant d’interrogations qui font la matière de ce texte où la bande dessinée n’est pas envisagée comme une illustration à un processus de deuil mais dans ses potentialités symboliques, imaginaires – anthropologiques - où un dessinateur, Luz, vit la mort des autres dans sa propre vie.