bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immigration and Adult Transitions
Authors: Rumbaut Rubén G. , Komaie Golnaz
Published: June 2010

Almost 30 percent of the more than 68 million young adults aged eighteen to thirty-four in the United States today are either foreign born or of foreign parentage. As these newcomers make their transitions to adulthood, say Rubén Rumbaut and Golnaz Komaie, they differ significantly not only from one another but also from their native-parentage counterparts, including blacks and whites. The authors document the demographic changes in the United States over the past forty years and describe the ways in which generation and national origin shape the experiences of these newcomers as they become adults. Rumbaut and Komaie point out that immigrant groups experience gaps in social, economic, and legal status that are even greater than the gaps between native whites and blacks. By far the most-educated (Indians) and the least-educated (Mexicans) groups in the United States today are first-generation immigrants, as are the groups with the lowest poverty rate (Filipinos) and the highest poverty rate (Dominicans). These social and economic divides reflect three very different ways immigrants enter the country: through regular immigration channels, without legal authorization, or as state-sponsored refugees. For many ethnic groups, significant progress takes place from the first to the second generation. But, say the authors, for millions of young immigrants, a lack of legal permanent residency status blocks their prospects for social mobility. Having an undocumented status has become all the more consequential with the failure of Congress to pass comprehensive federal immigration reforms. In the coming two decades, as the U.S. native-parentage labor force continues to shrink, immigrants and their children are expected to account for most of the growth of the nation's labor force, with the fastest-growing occupations requiring college degrees. Rumbaut and Komaie stress that one key to the nation's future will be how it incorporates young adults of immigrant origin in its economy, polity, and society, especially how it enables these young adults to have access to, and to attain, postsecondary education and its manifold payoffs.
Vulnerable Populations and the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Osgood D. Wayne , Foster E. Michael , Courtney Mark E.
Published: June 2010

D. Wayne Osgood, E. Michael Foster, and Mark E. Courtney examine the transition to adulthood for youth involved in social service and justice systems during childhood and adolescence. They survey the challenges faced by youth in the mental health system, the foster care system, the juvenile justice system, the criminal justice system, and special education, and by youth with physical disabilities and chronic illness, as well as runaway and homeless youth. One problem is that the services these vulnerable populations receive from these systems as children and adolescents often end abruptly as they transition to adulthood, even though the need for them continues. Youth must leave systems tailored for clients their age and, if they are eligible for further services at all, enter adult systems that are not equipped to address their needs. One exception is the special education system, whose services extend into early adulthood and are designed for individuals' needs. The authors review current public policies directed toward vulnerable youth in transition and find problems in four areas: eligibility criteria that exclude youth from services that might benefit them, inadequate funding for transition services, a lack of coordination across service systems, and inadequate training about young-adult developmental issues for service professionals. The authors then discuss policy options that can help create a developmentally appropriate and socially inclusive system of support for vulnerable youth. Among the options are strengthening all programs for youth in transition, improving the existing systems of care for children and adolescents, addressing the loss of access to services at the age of majority, and coordinating today's multiple systems into a single coherent system. The authors see heightened governmental interest in better supports for vulnerable young adults, both through expanding the federal role in their lives and through improving coordination of the systems that serve them. The Fostering Connections Act of 2008, for example, extended services to adolescents in foster care from the age of eighteen to the age of twenty-one.
Introduction
Authors: Bailey Michael D.
Published: June 2010

Edward Bever's book The Realities of Witchcraft addresses a fundamental historiographical issue, namely the extent to which early modern magical practices really functioned. Most scholars dismiss the idea that magical rites have real efficacy, or argue that the only reality that should be considered is contingent on historical cultural structures. Bever asserts that magic, and particularly harmful witchcraft, really worked, sometimes by physical means, but often by influencing neurobiology. In this forum section, five scholars respond to and critique Bever's arguments, and Bever responds.
The Critiques and The Realities
Authors: Bever Edward
Published: June 2010

Edward Bever's book The Realities of Witchcraft addresses a fundamental historiographical issue, namely the extent to which early modern magical practices really functioned. Most scholars dismiss the idea that magical rites have real efficacy, or argue that the only reality that should be considered is contingent on historical cultural structures. Bever asserts that magic, and particularly harmful witchcraft, really worked, sometimes by physical means, but often by influencing neurobiology. In this forum section, five scholars respond to and critique Bever's arguments, and Bever responds.
Flies, Heretics, and the Gendering of Witchcraft
Authors: Herzig Tamar
Published: June 2010

This article examines the inquisitor and witchcraft theorist Heinrich Kramer's treatment of witchcraft and heresy in several of his works, with particular attention to his gendering of those categories. While in his Malleus maleficarum Kramer famously asserted that witchcraft was a primarily female crime, in other works he asserted the male character of heresy. In particular, he associated heresy and especially heresiarchy with the male qualities of intelligence, (misplaced) reason, and instruction. While earlier boundaries between witchcraft and heresy had been blurry, Kramer and his gendering efforts mark an important step toward the theoretical separation between these two categories of offence.
Magic as a State of Mind?: Neurocognitive Theory and Magic in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Sørensen Jesper
Published: June 2010

Edward Bever's book The Realities of Witchcraft addresses a fundamental historiographical issue, namely the extent to which early modern magical practices really functioned. Most scholars dismiss the idea that magical rites have real efficacy, or argue that the only reality that should be considered is contingent on historical cultural structures. Bever asserts that magic, and particularly harmful witchcraft, really worked, sometimes by physical means, but often by influencing neurobiology. In this forum section, five scholars respond to and critique Bever's arguments, and Bever responds.
God's Names and Their Uses in the Books of Magic Attributed to King Solomon
Authors: Véronèse Julien
Published: June 2010

A number of medieval texts of learned magic deriving from different cultural contexts (Latin and Greek Christian, Jewish, Muslim) are attributed to King Solomon. This article examines frequency of use of a number of divine names in this corpus, with focus on what names are used, how they are employed, and how this usage is connected to the original cultural context of a text.
Witchcraft—Discourse and Disappearance: Württemberg and the Dutch Documentation
Authors: De Blécourt Willem
Published: June 2010

Edward Bever's book The Realities of Witchcraft addresses a fundamental historiographical issue, namely the extent to which early modern magical practices really functioned. Most scholars dismiss the idea that magical rites have real efficacy, or argue that the only reality that should be considered is contingent on historical cultural structures. Bever asserts that magic, and particularly harmful witchcraft, really worked, sometimes by physical means, but often by influencing neurobiology. In this forum section, five scholars respond to and critique Bever's arguments, and Bever responds.
Divine Names: A Cross-Cultural Comparison ( Papyri Graecae Magicae, Picatrix, Munich Handbook )
Authors: Porreca David
Published: June 2010

This paper offers a systematic examination of divine names in the Greek Magical Papyri, the Latin version of Picatrix, and the late 15th century magic compilation known as the Munich Handbook. Methodological concerns about conducting cross-cultural text-based studies are set out, with a focus on factors of manuscript transmission, transliteration, and the peculiarities of dealing with Semitic languages. The paper includes a table listing all divine names that show evidence of continuity between the three texts under consideration, as well as a diagram illustrating results. There is substantial continuity in the use of certain divine names, especially those of Hebraic origin. The seven archangels are consistently understood as divine beings. The names of four Egyptian deities survive into later periods.
Behind the "Veil of Memory": About the Limitations of Narratives
Authors: Voltmer Rita
Published: June 2010

Edward Bever's book The Realities of Witchcraft addresses a fundamental historiographical issue, namely the extent to which early modern magical practices really functioned. Most scholars dismiss the idea that magical rites have real efficacy, or argue that the only reality that should be considered is contingent on historical cultural structures. Bever asserts that magic, and particularly harmful witchcraft, really worked, sometimes by physical means, but often by influencing neurobiology. In this forum section, five scholars respond to and critique Bever's arguments, and Bever responds.
Another Look at the Magical Ritual for a Suspected Adulteress in Numbers 5:11–31
Authors: Miller Daniel
Published: June 2010

Most scholars have asserted that the mysogynist ritual to be inflicted on a possible śōṭâ ("adulteress" or "wayward wife") in Num. 5:11-31 had a magical quality. Frequently, however, commentators have also considered some or all of the passage's Yahwistic features as interpolations intended to forestall the allegation that the officiating priest is engaging in magic. The present study argues that if we abandon the outdated view that magic and normative Yahwism were antithetical, Num. 5:11-31 can be interpreted as having been written by a single author who envisions a ritual simultaneously magical and Yahwistic. The ritual is predicated on an incantatory curve in vv. 21-22, and exhibits magic by speech, magic by rite and magic by inherent property (the ancient Egyptian tripartite categorization of magic).
Reality, but Not as We Know It
Authors: Jenkins Richard
Published: June 2010

Edward Bever's book The Realities of Witchcraft addresses a fundamental historiographical issue, namely the extent to which early modern magical practices really functioned. Most scholars dismiss the idea that magical rites have real efficacy, or argue that the only reality that should be considered is contingent on historical cultural structures. Bever asserts that magic, and particularly harmful witchcraft, really worked, sometimes by physical means, but often by influencing neurobiology. In this forum section, five scholars respond to and critique Bever's arguments, and Bever responds.
One-Tier History
Authors: Clark Stuart
Published: June 2010

Edward Bever's book The Realities of Witchcraft addresses a fundamental historiographical issue, namely the extent to which early modern magical practices really functioned. Most scholars dismiss the idea that magical rites have real efficacy, or argue that the only reality that should be considered is contingent on historical cultural structures. Bever asserts that magic, and particularly harmful witchcraft, really worked, sometimes by physical means, but often by influencing neurobiology. In this forum section, five scholars respond to and critique Bever's arguments, and Bever responds.
Memoria de la Guerra Civil y modernidad: el caso de El corazón helado de Almudena Grandes
Authors: de Urioste Carmen
Published: June 2010

Since the publication of Soldados de Salamina (2001) by Javier Cercas, Spain has seen a significant production of historical texts—focusing mainly on the Civil War—that are written as novels. These novels are based on real facts, but the reader is never certain about what percentage is reality and what percentage corresponds to fiction created by the author. From these pseudo-historical narrations, the Spanish society is recovering and rediscovering a historical past that the democratic transition chose to keep hidden, following the 'pact of silence' between moderate members of the left parties and the more progressive francoist factions. In this essay, I analyze El corazón helado (2007) , by Almudena Grandes, mainly focusing in the dialogue established between memory and history. This investigation seeks to demonstrate that this type of novel expresses a demand for ideological values that were silenced for 30 years but begin to emerge in the contemporary Spanish society as a result of the consolidation of democracy and the basic structures of the constitutional monarchy. In my opinion, Grandes' novel has a triple purpose: first, subvert the historical meaning of the Spanish Civil war; second, proclaim the necessity that the Spanish society speak about the war; and finally, eliminate the self-imposed restrictions that hinder the incorporation of this national conversation into the daily dialogue of a normal society.
La distancia y la modestia: las "dos" caras del Atlántico en los versos de Sor Juana a la duquesa de Aveyro
Authors: Morales Mónica
Published: June 2010

This essay examines an under explored side of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz's "Romance 37": her Creole subjectivity in the representation of space in the transatlantic literature of New Spain. I argue that this seventeenth-century nun uses her praise of Duchess of Aveyro, another intellectual and virtuous woman from Portugal, to advance a protest. By using admiration as the apparent motive of the endeavor, she elaborates a strong criticism of colonialism and the role the Atlantic plays in its consolidation. As she denounces how Europe bleeds dry the mines of Mexico, she presents the Atlantic as a space of economic exchange and historical exploitation, i.e., a gateway to inequity. However, as a baroque poet, her depiction of the Atlantic invites another consideration, that of "cultural" exchanges and tolerance, which she fashions through equality, the antithesis of subordination that this space epitomizes after 1492. As she modestly appears to praise virtue in a transatlantic figure who presents what she recognizes in herself, Sor Juana aligns America and her poetry with Neo-Thomism in order to pair center with periphery and re-locate reason in America. I demonstrate that this strategy accommodates a Creole subjectivity that fights difference and oppression. In the latter symbolism, another "facet" of the Atlantic reveals itself. By taking the poetic form of the "romance" in an original direction, as it crosses the Atlantic to and from the periphery of the Old World, she advances a Creole sentiment via the symbolic re-evaluation of the Atlantic as instrument of empire.
La traducción como acto ético-moral en los territorios fronterizos: o por qué la voz lírica de Demetria Martínez
Authors: Guzmán Claudia Aburto
Published: June 2010

This article contextualizes the question "why we translate that which we translate" in the tensioned territory shared by México and the United States. Said contextualization establishes a distance between the act of translation as a means for philosophical inquiry and the immediacy that is present in the act of interpretation as well as the inevitable contradictions that emerge from the act of translation. The act of translation that takes place in this article contributes to the tension within the U.S. side of the territory by translating two poems by Demetria Martínez, from English into Spanish, from a post-colonial and feminist perspective. Both poems in their original language and the act of translation shed further light on the inequity of the toposocial order that determines the experience of the subject within the territory as well as the ethical-moral dilemma generated by present border relations.
El discurso de la crueldad: 2666 de Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Muniz Gabriela
Published: June 2010

In this article I study the perception of dead bodies and their aesthetic representation in Roberto Bolaño's literature, especially in his last novel 2666 (2004). These corpses express numerous meanings; they are a way to address political violence and, since the novel was written when the artist was approaching death, a way to face the inevitable fate of human existence. Additionally, dead bodies in 2666 represent the missing bodies of the years of repression in the writer's native country; they also refer to the most recent and daily trauma of the ignored cadavers of women found in the Mexican desert. Finally, these bodies crystallize a new treatment of human remains tracing its roots to the dehumanized Nazi period which is a source of motivation to find the causes of evil. Bolaño's final work captivates us by showing the disturbing contradiction between aesthetic and horror. In 2666 both trends are present either in the form of the novel as well as in its content. Bolaño's narrative is inhabited by death and beauty and they run throughout the entire text with a threatening result.
Speaking of Race in Don Álvaro
Authors: Surwillo Lisa
Published: June 2010

"Speaking of Race in Don Álvaro" studies how the Duque de Rivas's 1835 play discursively constructs visual race as a concept of individual identity out of an application of zoological principles of organization onto human beings. The play educates its audience in the elements of modern nationalistic race while also demonstrating the destructive power of race. By speaking of race, the Romantic play celebrates the promise of modernity while representing the tragic consequences of excluding "raced" men from the rewards of political liberty.
Soberbia derrota: el concepto de imitación en el Apologético de Espinosa Medrano y la construcción de la autoridad letrada criolla
Authors: Vitulli Juan
Published: June 2010

The essay analyzes Juan de Espinosa Medrano's Apologético en favor de Góngora emphasizing the role of secular writing, education and interpretation of texts as practices that help consolidate the power of educated Creole elites in the Spanish American viceroyalties. In addition to key ideas such as hybridization, counter-hegemony, Creole selfaffirmation, and westernization, I explore two concepts that played a decisive role in the Spanish American viceroyalties—imitatio (or poetic imitation) and negotiation.
Differential contribution of MTHFR C677T variant to the risk of diabetic nephropathy in Lebanese and Bahraini Arabs
Authors: Nemr Rita , Salman Rabha A. , Jawad Lamees H. , Juma Eman A. , Keleshian Sose H. , Almawi Wassim Y.
Published: June 2010

Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene variants and hyperhomocysteinemia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in various ethnic groups. We investigated the association of C677T and A1298C
MTHFR gene variants and altered homocysteine concentrations in Lebanese and Bahraini type 2 diabetes (T2DM) DN patients.

Methods: Bahraini subjects comprised 224 DN patients and 328 T2DM patients with normal urine albumin [diabetes without nephropathy (DWN)]. Lebanese subjects comprised 252 DN and 309 DWN patients. C677T and A1298C genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, and homocysteine was measured by ELISA.

Results:
A1298C allele and genotype distribution were comparable between DN and DWN patients in both communities. However, there was enrichment of the 677T allele, together with C/T and T/T genotypes in Lebanese but not Bahraini DN patients, thereby conferring DN susceptibility [odds ratio (OR) (95% CI)=2.43 (1.89–3.11) and OR (95% CI)=1.15 (0.83–1.61), respectively; heterogeneity Q=12.53, p=0.0004)].

Conclusions: The contribution of C677T single nucleotide polymorphism to increased risk of DN (presumably by increasing homocysteine concentrations) must be evaluated in the context of the ethnic background.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1091–4.
Rolling Contact Fatigue Life Test Design and Result Interpretation Methods Maintaining Compatibility of Efficiency and Reliability
Authors: Fujita Takumi
Published: June 2010

In this report, several methods for both rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life test design and result interpretation are introduced. These methods generate results using random numbers followed by Weibull distribution (i.e., Weibull random number). The first method illustrates a relationship between the minimum number of test specimens and the suspension time in a fixed time test required at L10 and L50 lives with an arbitrary reliability. This relationship is useful to maintain the qualitative reliability and avoid excessive quantitative testing. The second method can clarify a relationship between the given number of test specimens and resultant significant differences at L10 and L50 lives in an accelerated test with an arbitrary reliability. This relationship is also useful to estimate the appropriate number of test specimens based on statistical logic. Of note, calculations employing the Weibull random number can apply to not only RCF life test design but also estimations of the test results. The third method enables the determination of a range of L10 and L50 lives with an arbitrary reliability even if the number of test specimens is too small to estimate L10 or L50 lives from the Weibull plots. The fourth method can determine significant differences of L10 and L50 lives between any two given lots and allow a quantitative estimation of the minimum difference between their lives from data obtained by experiments. These methods provide techniques that are easier to understand as compared to the recent mathematical model, and they show enough flexibility to apply to almost all types of testing. These systems will therefore eliminate the need for qualified experiences related to the statistical design and result interpretation for RCF life testing.
Changing Attitudes toward Marriage and Children in Six Countries
Authors: Gubernskaya Zoya
Published: June 2010

This article examines changes in attitudes toward marriage and children in Austria, (West) Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, and the U.S. using the data from the 1988, 1994, and 2002 waves of the International Social Survey Programe (ISSP). Consistent with the ideas of the second demographic transition and the rise of post-materialism, public opinion in these countries is shifting away from traditional norms of universal marriage and childbearing. Female, never married, better educated, employed, and relatively secularized individuals hold less traditional views about marriage and children in all countries. Furthermore, attitudes of married and never married in Austria and Germany, males and females in the U.S. became more polarized, which might be attributed to public policies to increase fertility and promote traditional marriage in these countries. Large unexplained cross-national differences also point at the importance of contextual factors for understanding recent changes in support for marriage and children.
Religious Development: How (and Why) Does Religiosity Change from Adolescence to Young Adulthood?
Authors: Desmond Scott A. , Morgan Kristopher H. , Kikuchi George
Published: June 2010

Researchers have argued for longitudinal studies that focus more attention on how religious attitudes and behaviors change during adolescence and, especially, as adolescents make the transition to young adulthood. Therefore, the authors use growth curve modeling to examine the infuence of parents and peers on adolescent religious service attendance and belief in the importance of religion using five waves (eight years) of the National Youth Survey (1979–1987). The results suggest adolescents who live with both of their biological parents have higher initial levels of religious service attendance, but their religious service attendance decreases more rapidly over time. The pattern of results for peer attachment is similar. Compared to adolescents with low peer attachment, adolescents with high peer attachment are more likely to attend religious services initially and to believe that religion is important, but their religious service attendance and belief in the importance of religion decreases more rapidly over time.
Consequences of Racial Intermarriage for Children's Social Integration
Authors: Kalmijn Matthijs
Published: June 2010

Much has been written on ethnic and racial intermarriage, but little research is available on the social consequences of intermarriage. Are the children of mixed marriages more strongly connected to the majority, or are they incorporated in the ethnic or racial minority group? To answer this question, this article uses a minority survey from the Netherlands with data collected from both parents and children. The focus is on Antilleans and Surinamese and children of marriages in which both spouses are black are compared to children of marriages in which one spouse is white and one spouse is black. The analyses provide strong support for the integrative effects of intermarriage on children. These effects are not conditional on the socioeconomic status of the parents. Moreover, the effect on children can be explained in terms of the more diverse meeting opportunities that parents in a mixed marriage provide to their children.
The Books of Michael Muhammad Knight
Authors: Schubel Vernon James
Published: June 2010

The Taqwacores, Soft Skull Press, Pb 256 pp., 2009. $12.95. ISBN-13: 9781593762292.

Osama Van Halen, Soft Skull Press, Pb. 224 pp., 2009. $14.95. ISBN-13: 9781593762421.

Impossible Man, Soft Skull Press, Pb. 352 pp., 2009. $15.95. ISBN-10: 1593762267.

Journey to the End of Islam, Soft Skull Press, Pb. 360 pp., 2009. $16.95. ISBN-13: 9781593762469.

The Five Percenters: Islam, Hip Hop, and the Gods of New York. Oneworld Publications, Pb. 328 pp., 2008. $19.95/£12.95. ISBN-13: 9781851686155.

Blue-eyed Devil, Autonomedia, 224 pp., Pb. 2006. $14.95. ISBN-13: 9781570271793
Approaching Mull? ?adr? as Scriptural Exegete: A Survey of Scholarship on His Quranic Works
Authors: Rustom Mohammed
Published: June 2010

This article offers the first comprehensive survey of scholarly literature devoted to the Qur??nic works of the famous Muslim philosopher, Mull? ?adr? (d. 1050/1640). While taking account of the merits and shortcomings of studies on ?adr?’s Qur??nic writings, we will also be concerned with highlighting some of the methodological problems raised by the diverse range of approaches adopted in these studies. Chief amongst them is the tendency to pit ?adr? the philosopher against ?adr? the scriptural exegete. Such a dichotomy is not entirely helpful, both with respect to painting a clearer picture of ?adr?’s religious worldview, and to addressing broader questions pertaining to the intimate relationship shared between the “act” of philosophy and the “act” of reading scripture.
Potencial de sequestro de carbono em diferentes biomas do Brasil
Authors: Carvalho João Luis Nunes , Avanzi Junior Cesar , Silva Marx Leandro Naves , Mello Carlos Rogério de , Cerri Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino
Published: June 2010

O solo é um importante compartimento de C e exerce papel fundamental sobre a emissão de gases do efeito estufa e consequentes mudanças climáticas globais. Mudanças no uso e manejo do solo podem causar tanto efeito negativo como positivo no que se refere à emissão de gases de efeito estufa para a atmosfera. Entretanto, atualmente tem sido constatada a intensificação do aquecimento global, causado pelo aumento das emissões dos gases responsáveis pelo efeito estufa, oriundos principalmente da queima de combustíveis fósseis, do desmatamento e do uso inadequado do solo para agricultura. O uso e manejo inadequado do solo, além de contribuir para o efeito estufa, ainda traz problemas relacionados à sua sustentabilidade devido à degradação da matéria orgânica do solo, o que atinge negativamente os seus atributos físicos e químicos, bem como sua biodiversidade. Por outro lado, práticas adequadas de manejo, que visam à manutenção ou mesmo o acúmulo de C no sistema solo-planta, podem atenuar os efeitos do aquecimento global. Essas práticas de manejo podem ser: implementação de sistemas de plantio direto, recuperação de pastagens degradadas, implantação de sistemas integrados de cultivo, reflorestamento de áreas marginais, uso de espécies que tenham alta produção de biomassa, eliminação de queimadas, entre outras. O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar algumas das principais fontes de gases do efeito estufa relacionadas à agricultura e mudança do uso da terra e, ainda, apresentar estratégias para mitigar tais emissões e aumentar o sequestro de C no sistema soloplanta, em três dos principais biomas do Brasil.
Marcha de absorção de macronutrientes na cultura do girassol
Authors: Zobiole Luiz Henrique Saes , Castro César de , Oliveira Fabio Alvares de , Oliveira Junior Adilson de
Published: June 2010

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer curvas de acúmulo de macronutrientes na cultura do girassol. Para isso, foi instalado um experimento em campo sobre Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico de textura muito argilosa, localizado na fazenda experimental da Embrapa Soja, em Londrina/PR. As parcelas foram constituídas de 14 linhas com 25 m de comprimento cada e espaçamento entrelinhas de 0,70 m, resultando em área total de 245 m². Cada parcela foi repetida quatro vezes. A adubação de semeadura foi de 300 kg ha-1 da fórmula 5-20-20, aplicada a lanço, antes do plantio. A adubação de cobertura foi parcelada em duas aplicações: 25 e 1 kg ha-1 de N e B, respectivamente, sendo a primeira aos 21 e a segunda aos 35 dias após a semeadura. O híbrido utilizado foi o BRS-191, e a densidade final de plantas foi de 40.000 plantas ha-1. Amostras de plantas foram coletadas em intervalos de 14 dias após a emergência e separadas em pecíolos, folhas, caules e, quando existentes, em capítulo e em aquênios. Após secagem, cada parte da planta foi pesada e moída para, em seguida, determinarem-se os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. A partir desses nutrientes e da matéria seca de cada parte da planta, foram obtidas as curvas de acúmulo. Verificou-se que, para obtenção de produtividades superiores a 3.000 kg ha-1, o híbrido BRS 191 extrai aproximadamente 150, 24, 286, 116, 42 e 24 kg ha-1 de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, respectivamente, resultando na seguinte ordem de extração: K > N > Ca > Mg > P = S. Em relação à exportação, a ordem dos nutrientes foi a seguinte: N > P = K > Mg = S > Ca. Portanto, atenção especial deve ser dada à manutenção da adequada disponibilidade de N, K e Ca, devido à alta demanda da cultura por esses nutrientes.
Atributos químicos, mineralógicos e micromorfológicos de horizontes coesos de latossolos e argissolos dos tabuleiros costeiros do estado de Alagoas
Authors: Lima Neto José de Almeida , Ribeiro Mateus Rosas , Corrêa Marcelo Metri , Souza-Júnior Valdomiro Severino de , Araújo Filho José Coelho de , Lima José Fernando W.F
Published: June 2010

O caráter coeso é um atributo característico de horizontes subsuperficiais que, quando secos, apresentam consistência muito dura e extremamente dura, passando a friável ou firme quando úmidos. A formação desses horizontes, entretanto, ainda é um assunto polêmico, não estando completamente esclarecida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma caracterização química, mineralógica e micromorfológica de solos coesos, visando entender a sua gênese e definir características que possam complementar a definição do caráter coeso no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. Quatro perfis de solos foram coletados na região dos tabuleiros costeiros de Alagoas, envolvendo um Argissolo Amarelo, um Argissolo Acinzentado e dois Latossolos Amarelos. Os solos foram descritos morfologicamente, e as amostras dos horizontes coesos e não coesos foram coletadas para execução de análises químicas de Fe, Al e Si por extração com DCB, oxalato, CaCl2 e água quente, análises mineralógicas por DRX e caracterização micromorfológica. Os solos apresentaram baixos teores de Fe, com domínio das formas de baixa cristalinidade e predominância de caulinitas com moderado a alto grau de desordem estrutural em todos os horizontes. Não foi observada, nos horizontes coesos, tendência de aumento dos teores de Al e Si extraídos com DCB e oxalato, indicando que a sua gênese não se deve à presença de agentes cimentantes. Os resultados das análises mineralógicas e micromorfológicas sugerem que a gênese do caráter coeso apresenta duas fases distintas, sendo formado inicialmente pelo entupimento dos poros decorrente da iluviação de argila fina, havendo posteriormente uma perda de Fe na parte superior, que colapsa a estrutura e provoca um ajuste face a face da caulinita.
Liberação de macronutrientes das palhadas de milheto solteiro e consorciado com feijão-de-porco sob cultivo de feijão
Authors: Teixeira Cícero Monti , Carvalho Gabriel José de , Silva Carlos Alberto , Andrade Messias José Bastos de , Pereira Janser Moura
Published: June 2010

A ciclagem de nutrientes está relacionada com a capacidade de absorção das diferentes espécies de plantas de cobertura. Já as velocidades de decomposição e liberação de nutrientes, das palhadas produzidas pelas mesmas, têm com fator principal a relação C/N, com diferença marcante entre gramíneas e leguminosas. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de matéria seca, teor, acúmulo, decomposição e liberação de macronutrientes da palhada de milheto (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf) solteiro e consorciado com feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformes (L.) DC.), em ambiente de campo, sob a cultura do feijoeiro, semeada em agosto de 2005 (inverno/primavera), em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico. A liberação de nutrientes foi determinada por meio da distribuição de bolsas confeccionadas com telas de náilon, com malha de 1 mm, de dimensões de 0,2 x 0,2 m, preenchidas com quantidades de palha proporcionais à área da bolsa. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos dois tipos de palhadas (milheto e milheto + feijão-de-porco), e as subparcelas, pelas épocas de avaliação ao longo do cultivo do feijoeiro (0, 8, 16, 24, 40, 56 e 72 dias após o manejo das plantas de cobertura). Os resíduos coletados foram secos em estufa de circulação forçada de ar, a 65 ºC, até atingirem peso constante, para determinação da matéria seca remanescente, sendo posteriormente moídos e encaminhados para a determinação dos teores de macronutrientes. Com base nos teores e na matéria seca remanescente, foram calculadas as quantidades remanescentes dos macronutrientes, sendo elas expressas em percentagem do valor inicial. Os valores foram ajustados a modelos não lineares, escolhendo-se aqueles com melhor ajuste em cada situação. A palhada de milheto + feijão-deporco apresentou maior quantidade de matéria seca e maiores teores de N e Ca, ciclando maior quantidade de todos os macronutrientes. A palhada de milheto + feijão-de-porco apresentou maiores velocidades de decomposição e liberação de N, Ca e Mg.
Energy balance measurements over a banana orchard in the Semiarid region in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Santos Carlos Antonio Costa dos , Silva Bernardo Barbosa da , Rao Tantravahi Venkata Ramana , Neale Christopher Michael Usher
Published: June 2010

The objective of this work was to evaluate the reliability of eddy covariance measurements, analyzing the energy balance components, evapotranspiration and energy balance closure in dry and wet growing seasons, in a banana orchard. The experiment was carried out at a farm located within the irrigation district of Quixeré, in the Lower Jaguaribe basin, in Ceará state, Brazil. An eddy covariance system was used to measure the turbulent flux. An automatic weather station was installed in a grass field to obtain the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) from the combined FAO-Penman-Monteith method. Wind speed and vapor pressure deficit are the most important variables on the evaporative process in both growing seasons. In the dry season, the heat fluxes have a similar order of magnitude, and during the wet season the latent heat flux is the largest. The eddy covariance system had acceptable reliability in measuring heat flux, with actual evapotranspiration results comparing well with those obtained by using the water balance method. The energy balance closure had good results for the study area, with mean values of 0.93 and 0.86 for the dry and wet growing seasons respectively.
Métodos de soma térmica e datas de semeadura na determinação de filocrono de cultivares de trigo
Authors: Rosa Hamilton Telles , Walter Lidiane Cristine , Streck Nereu Augusto , Alberto Cleber Maus
Published: June 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos métodos de cálculo de graus-dia e de datas de semeadura na determinação do filocrono de cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum). Foi conduzido um experimento em campo, com 13 datas de semeadura, durante três anos (2005-2007), em Santa Maria, RS, usando-se seis cultivares de trigo: BRS Louro, CEP 52, CEP 51, BRS 177, Nova Era e BRS Tarumã. O filocrono (°C dia folha-1) foi estimado pelo inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão linear entre o estádio de Haun e a soma térmica acumulada calculada por seis métodos. O método de cálculo da soma térmica afeta as estimativas do filocrono em trigo.O uso das três temperaturas cardinais de emissão de folhas e a comparação das temperaturas cardinais com a temperatura mínima e máxima do ar melhora a precisão na simulação do desenvolvimento vegetativo dessa cultura, em comparação aos demais métodos. O filocrono varia com a cultivar de trigo e com a data de semeadura, e cultivares mais precoces (BRS Louro e CEP 51) têm menor filocrono do que cultivares tardias (Nova Era e BRS Tarumã). Em semeaduras no outono ou inverno, o filocrono é maior do que em semeaduras de primavera ou verão.
Crescimento de pimentão em diferentes arranjos espaciais
Authors: Silva Paulo Igor Barbosa e , Negreiros Maria Zuleide de , Moura Karidja Kalliany Carlos de Freitas , Freitas Francisco Cláudio Lopes de , Nunes Glauber Henrique de Sousa , Silva Paulo Sérgio Lima e , Grangeiro Leilson Costa
Published: June 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento do pimentão cv. Atlantis sob diferentes arranjos espaciais. Foram avaliados três arranjos de espaçamentos entre fileiras duplas e fileiras simples de plantio (1,5x0,5, 1,6x0,4 e 1,7x0,3 m), e quatro espaçamentos entre plantas nas fileiras (0,2, 0,3, 0,4 e 0,5 m), combinados em esquema fatorial. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e parcelas subdivididas no tempo. A avaliação de crescimento foi realizada em nove épocas espaçadas em 14 dias, com a primeira avaliação realizada 14 dias após o transplantio (DAT). Até os 126 DAT, foram avaliados: área foliar (AF); índice de área foliar (IAF); massas secas de folhas (MSF), do caule (MSC), de frutos (MSFr) e do total da parte aérea (MST); taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), assimilatória líquida (TAL) e de crescimento relativo (TCR); e as razões de área foliar (RAF) e de massa foliar (RMF). As alterações em AF, TCR, RMF e RAF foram independentes do espaçamento entre fileiras que, no entanto, influenciou MSF, MSC, MSFr e MST, IAF e TCA. O aumento do espaçamento entre plantas reduz o IAF e a RAF e aumenta a AF, MSF, MSC, MSFr, MST, TCA e TAL, mas não influencia a TCR e RMF.
Revisão sistemática da acurácia dos testes diagnósticos: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Oliveira Glória Maria de , Camargo Fábio Trinca , Gonçalves Eduardo Costa , Duarte Carlos Vinicius Nascimento , Guimarães Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2010

Este artigo tem o objetivo de realizar uma revisão narrativa sobre revisão sistemática da acurácia dos testes diagnósticos. Foi realizada busca na Cochrane Methodology Reviews (Cochrane Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy), Medline e LILACS, bem como busca manual das listas de referências dos artigos incluídos na revisão. As estratégias de busca empregadas foram as seguintes, empregando-se títulos de assuntos e termos livres: 1. na Cochrane Methodology Reviews: accuracy study "Methodology" 2. Na Pubmed "Meta-Analysis "[Publication Type] AND "Evidence-Based Medicine"[Mesh]) AND "Sensitivity and Specificity"[Mesh]; 3. Na LILACS: (revisao sistematica) or "literatura de REVISAO como assunto" [Descritor de assunto] and (sistematica) or "SISTEMATICA" [Descritor de assunto] and (acuracia) or "SENSIBILIDADE e especificidade" [Descritor de assunto]. Em suma, a preparação e o planejamento metodológicos das revisões sistemáticas de testes diagnósticos é ulterior àqueles empregados nas revisões sistemáticas das intervenções terapêuticas. Há muitas fontes de heterogeneidade nos desenhos dos estudos de teste diagnóstico, o que dificulta muito a síntese - metanálise - dos seus resultados. Para contornar esse problema, existem atualmente normas, exigidas pelas principais revistas biomédicas, para a submissão de um manuscrito sobre testes diagnósticos.
Atividade antioxidante de macrófagos alveolares em ratos endotoxêmicos
Authors: Melo Juliana Félix de , Macedo Érika M. Correia de , Paes Silva Rebecca P. , Viana Marcelo Tavares , Ferreira e Silva Wylla T. , Castro Célia M.M. Barbosa de
Published: June 2010

Avaliou-se o efeito da endotoxemia sobre a atividade antioxidante de macrófagos alveolares em ratos da linhagem Wistar. Foram utilizados 24 ratos machos, com idade entre 90 e 120 dias, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: controle e endotoxêmico. O grupo endotoxêmico foi submetido à injeção intraperitonial de lipopolissacarídio na dose de 1mg/kg de peso corporal. Após 24 h, coletou-se sangue para contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos; lavado broncoalveolar para contagem total e diferencial dos leucócitos e, a partir de macrófagos isolados deste lavado, foram realizadas as dosagens de superóxido e superóxido dismutase. A endotoxemia aumentou a contagem total de leucócitos e o número de neutrófilos no sangue periférico, no lavado broncoalveolar, e aumentou a produção de superóxido sem modificar a produção da superóxido dismutase. Esses resultados sugerem que a endotoxemia induz a uma resposta inflamatória no pulmão. Contudo, não altera a atividade antioxidante em ratos adultos. Tal fato potencializa a resposta contra agentes infecciosos pelo hospedeiro, mas também pode contribuir na patogênese de injúria pulmonar.
Efeito residual no solo dos herbicidas imazamox e imazethapyr para as culturas de milho e sorgo
Authors: Silva Antonio A. da , Oliveira Jr. Rubem S. de , Costa Edalício R. , Ferreira Lino R.
Published: June 2010

Durante o ano agrícola 1994/95, foi conduzido ensaio de campo, em Capinópolis, MG, visando avaliar o efeito residua l no solo dos herbicidas imazamox (50 e 100 g/ha) e imazethapyr (100 e 200 g/ha), aplicados à cultura da soja, sobre as culturas de milho e sorgo, cultiva das em sistema de sucessão à soja. Foram realizados, em casa de vegetação, bioensaios utilizando o sorgo como planta - teste, em amostras de solo coletadas nas parcelas onde foram aplicados os herbicidas no campo. As amostras de solo foram coletadas aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após a aplicação (DAA) dos herbicidas. Um dia após a colheita da soja, fez-se também a semeadura, no campo, do milho e do sorgo nas parcelas anteriormente ocupadas com a soja, onde haviam sido feitas as aplicações dos herbicidas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o imazamox apresentou menor efeito residual, não influenciando no desenvolvimento da planta-teste quando esta foi semeada aos 120 DAA, até mesmo no dobro da dose recomendada. Todavia, o imazethapyr a 200 g/ha (dobro da dose recomendada) apresentou inibição no desenvolvimento das plantas de sorgo quando estas foram semeadas 120 DAA. Em condições de campo, plantas de sorgo semeadas após a colheita da soja em áreas que receberam o dobro da dose recomendada de imazethapyr evidenciaram menor altura de plantas e menor comprimento de panícula do sorgo, não influenciando, entretanto, a produtividade de grãos.
Influência da cobertura morta no comportamento do herbicida sulfentrazone
Authors: Rodrigues Benedito N. , Lima João de , Yada Inês F. Ubukata , Fornarolli Donizeti A.
Published: June 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de sulfentrazone em préemergência no sistema de plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido na safra 1996/97, na sede do IAPAR Londrina-PR, utilizando-se palha de aveia-preta como cobertura morta. O delineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos nas parcelas foram as quantidades de palha: zero, seis e 12 t/ha de matéria seca e nas subparcelas as doses de sulfentrazone: zero, 300, 600, 900 e 1200 g/ha i.a. A cultura de verão foi a de soja, cv. BR-4. O herbicida foi aplicado com pulverizador de precisão (CO2) munido com barra de 3 m e seis bicos 80.02, vazão de 200 l/ha e pressão de 35 lb/pol². Vinte e quatro horas após a aplicação do produto, foi feita uma irrigação de 20mm para forçar a lixiviação do herbicida da palha para o solo. Antes e após a irrigação, foram feitas amostragens de solo e da palha para serem submetidas a análise de resíduos por cromatografia. Parte desse solo amostrado, foi utilizado em bioensaios, utilizando-se sorgo forrageiro como planta-teste. Pelos resultados observados no campo, nos bioensaios (toxicidade no sorgo) e pelos resultados das análises cromatográficas de resíduos na palha e no solo, concluiu-se que o sulfentrazone atingiu o solo, sendo lixiviado inclusive para camadas superiores a 10 cm de profundidade .
Composição florística e estrutura da comunidade de plantas do estrato herbáceo em áreas de cultivo de árvores frutíferas
Authors: Yanagizawa Yuriko A. N. P. , Maimoni-Rodella Rita C. S.
Published: June 2010

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar, em três épocas, a comunidade de plantas presentes em áreas de cultivo de abacateiro e de nogueira pecan, localizadas na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da FCA-UNESP, município de Botucatu-SP. Em decorrência da arquitetura da copa e do caráter decíduo das nogueiras, esta área apresenta-se mais ensolarada, o que produz condições ambientais diferentes entre as duas áreas estudadas. Foi estabelecida uma grade retangular composta de 55 parcelas quadradas, contíguas, com 5 m de lado, havendo 40 parcelas sob os abacateiros e 15 sob as nogueiras. As coletas foram realizadas em março, maio e agosto de 1993, quando foram sorteados quadrados de 1x 1 m em cada parcela, de forma a não haver coincidência entre as amostragens realizadas em cada época. Foram levantadas as espécies ocorrentes, sua porcentagem de cobertura e freqüência. Os dados foram analisados através de métodos multivariados, utilizando-se a Análise de Agrupamento para as seis situações (3 épocas x 2 ambientes). Foram coletadas, no total, 54 espécies, distribuídas em 38 gêneros e 19 famílias, sendo Asteraceae e Poaceae as que contribuíram com o maior número de espécies. A riqueza em espécies foi maior na área sob as nogueiras; em ambas as áreas, a riqueza foi maior na estação úmida. Sob os abacateiros, a porcentagem de cobertura total da comunidade apresentou pouca variação temporal, diferindo da área sob as nogueiras onde se observou flutuação deste parâmetro. O padrão de distribuição espacial, para quase todas as populações, foi do tipo agrupado. A similaridade florística foi maior entre as duas áreas dentro de cada época de coleta. A presença constante de espécies como Commelina nudiflora que contribuiu com valores elevados de cobertura nas três épocas de coleta, mostra a necessidade de utilizar métodos de controle permanentes na área do pomar estudado.