bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear Growth of Representatives of Wheat Seeds Mycobiota
Authors: Rozhkova Tetiana , Golosna Lesia , Afanasieva Oksana , Nemerytska Liudmyla , Zhuravska Inna
Published: August 2022

Seed-born fungi of wheat interact with the plant at various stages of its development and with each other. With the highest growth rate, they should be isolated because of competition. The purpose of this study was to compare the growth of colonies on a nutrient medium for the gradation of fungal genera and species from wheat seeds according to aggressiveness. These data helped concluding on the effectiveness of mycoexpertise of winter wheat seeds. Potatoglucose agar (PGA) was used for the analysis of the fungal complex. Seven-day fungal cultures were sown in the centre of Petri dishes. Linear growth of fungal colonies on PGA with gentamicin was determined. The specific features of the development of 12 representatives of seeds mycobiota from the Northeast of Ukraine of the 2017-2019 harvest were investigated. The dominance of Alternaria sp. and a slight release of Fusarium sp. were established by analysis of the fungal complex. The first comparison of the linear growth of Fusarium graminearum, F. poae, and Alternaria tenuissima in 2017 showed that Fusarium colonies grow faster on nutrient medium. In 2018, the growth characteristics of A. arborescens, which quickly became dominant in wheat seeds mycoflora, and the littlecommon Trichothecium roseum were studied in detail. By comparing the growth of fast-growing F. graminearum with the common Aureobasidium pullulans and the aggressive Nigrospora oryzae, the fastest development of the third and the slowest of the second species was established. F. poae filled the Petri dish on day 6, Penicillium – on day 22. In 2019, in the first experiment comparing F. poae, F. sporotrichioides, and A. avenicola, the second species had the worst growth rates. It became the second fastest growing colony in the study of the growth of seven species in the second experiment. Isolates of N. oryzae in 2018 were more aggressive than in 2019. Specific features of colony growth on PGA did not affect the effectiveness of the analysis of mycobiota of winter wheat seeds. N. oryzae had the highest radial speed under the general dominance of Alternaria sp. Fusarium sp. (F. poae, F. sporotrichioides, F. verticillioides, and F. graminearum) and B. sorokiniana developed rapidly. A. arborescens and A. avenicola grew at the same level as A. pullulans. Penicillium and T. roseum lagged behind other fungi in speed and filled Petri dishes for the longest time. A. tenuissima had the lowest radial growth rate
Survey of Dung Beetles in Mahad Tehsil Western Ghats, Raigad District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Tingare Babasaheb Pralhad
Published: August 2022

Surveys and collection of dung beetles in Mahad Tehsil of Raigad District, of Western Ghats Maharashtra was carried out from July 2019 March 2020. During the study period, we documented 22 species of dung beetles belonging to 12 genera representing 03 subfamilies namelyAphodiinae, Geotrupinae and Scarabaeinae were reported. Subfamily Scarabaeinae represented 19 species.
Biology of Apanteles Baoris Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconide) A Larval Parasitoid of Chapra Maathas Fab
Authors: T. M. Chougale
Published: August 2022

ApantelesbaorisWilkinson is potential biocontrol agent of Chapramathias Fab. a paddy pest in Kolhapur. It attacks about 86% caterpillars of C. mathias. In the present paper life cycle, longevity, Sex ratio and behavioral aspects viz; mating and oviposition have been studied in detail. The life cycle of the parasitoid egg to adult emergence have been completed within 17 days. Egg hatching period was 3 days, larval period was 8-9 days and pupal period was 5-6 days. Mating takes place within one hour of their emergence from cocoons. Mating occurred at morning hours. Oviposition is completed within 3 seconds. In a single host the parasitoid can lay on an average 55 eggs of which progeny production obtained was 46 (average). Sex ratio of adult parasitoids was found favoring females. The results are useful for mass rearing of the above parasitoids.
Preparation of Aloevera Gel
Authors: Mr. Sachin Navale  , Ms. Tejaswini Shinge  , Ms. Sonali Mali  , Ms. Sonali Mali  , Ms. Poonam Shinde  , Ms. Pratiksha Narute
Published: August 2022

Aloe vera, commonly known as Barbados or Curaçao Aloe, is an herbal medicine with a long tradition of use by a variety of cultures. The succulent plant grows in arid and subtropical climates and is best known for 2 distinct preparations: the clear mucilaginous gel that is widely used for the treatment of minor burns, especially sunburns, and the thick sap of the leaves that turns yellow-brown and has strong laxative effects that caution its use. The traditional uses of the clear mucilaginous gel are manifold, ranging from topical applications to reduce perspiration to oral dosing for diabetes and a range of gastrointestinal ailments. The efficacy of aloe vera gel to treat burn wounds, genital herpes, and seborrheic dermatitis have been shown in clinical trials, but other indications such as psoriasis or internal application for the treatment of type 2 diabetes remain inconclusive. The main limitation of the current clinical knowledge about aloe vera gel is small clinical studies that often lack rigorous methodology. Several clinical trials are being conducted to further evaluate the use of aloe vera gel for a variety of disorders, as well as to further confirm traditional uses of the plant extract.
Fashion by Design
Authors: Ellinwood Janice Greenberg
Published: August 2022

Fashion by Design, Second Edition, explains how the elements and principles of design relate to fashion, based on the philosophy of the Bauhaus Experiment of the 1920s and 1930s, which is the foundation for art education in the United States. The book is structured into three parts: the stages of the design process (inspiration, identification, conceptualization, exploration/refinement, definition/modeling, communication, and production); physical elements (such as line, shape, form, space, texture, light, pattern, color, and value); and theoretical principles (like balance, emphasis, rhythm, proportion, and unity) of design. This is reinforced by fashion designer profiles and illustrations covering art, architecture, and fashion. The book aims to improve the designer’s eye for creating fashion and related art forms; to identify terminology used in the communication of fashion; and to show how other factors, such as the human form, clothing structure, historic silhouettes, fashion trends, culture, and industry trends, may impact the development of a line or a collection.

New to this Edition:

- New introductory chapter on the stages of the design process

- New chapter on sustainable design

- New end-of-chapters exercises with application to the fields of fashion design (including the development of a design journal), fashion merchandising (such as styling, product development, buying or trend research) and theater arts (such as costume, sets, lighting)

STUDIO Features:

- Flashcards based on the glossary to enhance comprehension of key concepts and terms

- Downloadable “Paper Dolls” pdfs for students to interact with key concepts of the design process

- Study smarter with Self-Assessment Quizzes featuring scored results and personalized study tips

Instructor’s Resources:

- PowerPoint Slides for each chapter

- Instructor’s Guide with sample course outlines for teaching and tools for integrating the STUDIO with the course
Pemanfaatan Ragi Tape dalam Pembuatan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Melalui Teknik Fermentasi
Authors: Abudu Leha , Kamaruddin Kamaruddin , Hulopi Fauzia
Published: August 2022

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ragi tapi dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan VCO dengan metode fermentasi. Penambahan ragi tape 10 gram memberikan hasil terbaik.
Dampak Pemeliharaan terhadap Struktur dan Komposisi Tegakan Hutan Alam pada Areal Petak Ukur Permanen: Studi Kasus pada HPH PT. Mangtip III Pulau Taliabu, Maluku Utara
Authors: Drakel Kasman , Botanri Samin , Karepesina Sedek , Kaliky Fitriyanti , Erbabley Baltazar
Published: August 2022

Pemeliharaan atau perawatan berkala jarang ditemukan pada kegiatan pemanenan di hutan produksi. Padahal telah umum diketahui, bahwa kegiatan ini bermanfaat untuk peremajaan tanaman. Sebuah penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis struktur dan komposisi tegakan hutan alam pada hutan produksi di Maluku Utara. Pengamatan dilakukan pada Petak Ukur Permanen HPH PT. Mangtip III Pulau Taliabu, Maluku Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah mengamati struktur pohon, tiang, sapihan dan semai pada petak ukur yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 61 jenis  tingkat semai dan 45 jenis tingkat sapihan. Tingkat tiang dan pohon masing masing 36 dan 38 jenis. Riap diameter pada kawasan yang di rawat lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang tidak dirawat. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa perawatan penting untuk menjaga pertumbuhan dan kualitas tegakan
Update on the limited sensitivity of computed tomography relative to RT-PCR for COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Martin Clarissa , Cheng Nina , Chang Bryant , Arya Namrata , Diaz Michael Joseph , Lin Keldon , Umair Muhammad , Waller Joseph , Henry Travis
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The global and ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has compelled the need for timely and reliable methods of detection for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been widely accepted as a reference standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, several early studies have suggested the superior sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) in identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a previous systematic review, we stratified studies based on risk for bias to evaluate the true sensitivity of CT for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study revisits our prior analysis, incorporating more current data to assess the sensitivity of CT for COVID-19.

Material and methods

The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant articles published between 1 January 2020, and 25 April 2021. Exclusion criteria included lack of specification regarding whether the study cohort was adult or paediatric, whether patients were symptomatic or asymptomatic, and not identifying the source of RT-PCR specimens. Ultimately, 62 studies were included for systematic review and were subsequently stratified by risk for bias using the QUADAS-2 quality assessment tool. Sensitivity data were extracted for random effects meta-analyses.

Results

The average sensitivity for COVID-19 reported by the high-risk-of-bias studies was 68% [CI: 58, 80; range: 38-96%] for RT-PCR and 91% [CI: 87, 96; range: 47-100%] for CT. The average sensitivity reported by the low-risk-of-bias studies was 84% [CI: 0.75, 0.94; range: 70-97%] for RT-PCR and 78% [CI: 71, 0.86; range: 44-92%] for CT.

Conclusions

On average, the high-risk-of bias studies underestimated the sensitivity of RT-PCR and overestimated the sensitivity of CT for COVID-19. Given the incorporation of recently published low-risk-of-bias articles, the sensitivities according to low-risk-of-bias studies for both RT-PCR and CT were higher than previously reported.
Design and Fabrication of a Digital Solar-Powered DC Induction Cooker
Authors: Kayode Makinde , Kazeem Lawal Olawale , Enock Amao
Published: August 2022

The design and fabrication of a digital solar-powered DC induction cooker come with numerous advantages, including high efficiency, almost two times the existing technologies. Its portable compared to the existing technology, its efficiency comes with low power consumption i.e. all power that is generated is transferred, at least 80 % of the power generated and above all it is aimed at designing a stand-alone DC induction cooker. It encompasses the use of a heating element powered by a DC source from energy trapped from the sun, with the aid of PV cells, battery, charge controller, and relays using AT MEGA 328P microcontroller for switching and control purposes. The design enables the selection of time for either warming or cooking. The heat for cooking and warming is produced by the Nichrome wire (element) according to the time set. The temperature at 100oc was obtained at 45 minutes. The system’s efficiency can be improved in the Nichrome wire (element) and a corresponding increase in the backup storage and the PV modules. The total energy generated from the solar system was 5760W at 24VDC with average sunshine hours in Bida as 8hours and the battery used is 2 pieces of a 12V-100AH which was connected in series to produce 24VDC. The design done for the induction cooker was rated at 400W. This means that the induction cooker can run for a minimum of 6 hours without any means of charging. It was observed the solar can sufficiently charge the battery two times in one day if it is been discharged
Dicionário ilustrado de ciência em Libras: Física
Authors: Rosa Iriane do Nascimento , Araújo Gabriela de Assis , Gaspar Antônio Gabriel dos Santos , Oliveira Benedito Gledson de Araujo
Published: August 2022

A educação inclusiva é um desafio diário para toda a sociedade, pois é um processo que exige dedicação e empenho de todos os envolvidos. O desenvolvimento de políticas de inclusão para a comunidade surda fez com que , em 2002, a Libras fosse reconhecida como língua oficial pela Lei n. 10.436/2002, uma grande vitória da comunidade surda na luta pela ampliação de seus direitos. Em parceria de docentes, alunos e egressos do IFPI campus Parnaíba, construímos esse projeto de ciências e Libras para ajudar com a comunicação nas aulas entre interpretes, professores, alunos e demais pessoas que tenham interesse na área.
Dicionário ilustrado de ciência em Libras: Química
Authors: Rosa Iriane do Nascimento , Carvalho Rayanne Cornélio Silva , Nascimento Luciane Pereira , Oliveira Benedito Gledson de Araujo
Published: August 2022

O sinalário ilustrado de Química em Libras foi elaborado visando promover o ensino de química para alunos surdos por facilitar a compreensão dos assuntos mesmo que complexos, em Língua de Sinais de maneira livre e eficiente. A química está presente nos fenômenos fundamentais para o funcionamento do organismo humano, além disso é notoriamente fundamental para gerar inovação tecnológica. Como disciplina, a química faz parte da grade curricular base do ensino médio, portanto, é de suma importância seu reconhecimento e valorização da língua.
Accomplishment of Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) on Actualizing Energy Democracy in Central Java with Environmental Support Programme Phase-3 (ESP-3) Program
Authors: Alam Suryam
Published: August 2022

This research analyses the energy democracy in Central Java conducted by the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) in the Environmental Support Programme Phase 3 (ESP-3) scheme. This research aims to explain DANIDA's effort to actualize energy democracy through the outcome of a clean energy management project in Central Java within four chosen regions, i. e. Semarang City, Cilacap Regency, Klaten Regency, and Karimunjawa Islands. In order to analyse this problem, the writer used energy democracy as an effort to achieve equity in energy access. Qualitative methods are used in this research, emphasizing the use of secondary data, including earlier research, official documents, and related archives, using primary data from interviews with related informants. This research shows that DANIDA can actualize energy democracy in Central Java, manifesting Denmark's commitment to global environmental problem mitigation. Two indicators of energy democracy, such as popular sovereignty and participatory governance, proved from local community satisfaction response by local government involvement and the increase of energy supply which fulfilled the needs. The third indicator, civic ownership, including ownership of access, was not seen clearly; however, the local community acquires access availability. Those indicators, therefore, become the benchmark of DANIDA's accomplishment of energy democracy in Central Java.
KECEMASAN PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM KEIKUTSERTAAN POSYANDU DI KELURAHAN PEKAN TANJUNG MORAWA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Aritonang Juneris , Anita Surya , Sinarsi Sinarsi , Siregar Wilda Wahyuni
Published: August 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia sebagai pandemi, dan telah diberlakukannya upaya-upaya dalam pencegahan penyebaran. Dilaporkan kondisi tersebut dapat juga berpengaruh terhadap pelayanan posyandu diantaranya pengukuran tumbuh kembang dan imunisasi. Pelayanan posyandu khususnya pemberian imunisasi tidak berjalan dengan lancar pada masa pandemi ini, hal ini disebabkan adanya rasa kecemasan, ketakutan membawa bayi atau balitanya membawa ke kegiatan posyandu. Begitu juga dengan petugas kesehatan tidak sedikit merasa ragu-ragu dalam melaksanakan pelayanan posyandu di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskripstif untuk melihat kecemasan ibu dalam membawa bayi-balitanya ke posyandu di Kelurahan Pekan Tanjung Morawa di pandemi Covid-19. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki bayi-balita di Lingkungan V sebesar 63 orang.  Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan secara univariat.. Hasil penelitian didapati Tingginya kecemasan pandemi covid-19 dalam keikutsertaan posyandu di Kelurahan  Pekan Tanjung Morawa Tahun 2020. Perlu dilakukan inovasi terkait terciptanya posyandu yang aman di tengah pandemic sesuai dengan petunjuk teknis, selain itu butuh dilakukan promosi kesehatan menggunakan pendekatan interpersonal
PENGARUH TEKNIK EFFLEURAGE MASSAGE TERHADAP NYERI AFTERPAINS PADA IBU NIFASMULTIPARA DI BPM WANTI DAN BPM SARTIKA DI KOTA MEDAN TAHUN 2020
Authors: Sitorus Friska , Harianja Ester
Published: August 2022

Post-partum mothers often experience changes both physiologically and psychologically, one of which is a change in the body's reaction due to uterine contractions. The intensity of uterine contractions increases after delivery which causes pain and makes the mother uncomfortable. Many experienced pain disorders during the puerperium even in uncomplicated normal delivery. This causes discomfort in the mother, especially in the abdominal area due to uterine contractions called afterpains. This massage therapy can minimize and even suppress pain with minimal side effects or even no side effects, one of which is using effleurage massage techniques. This study aimed to determine the effect of effleurage massage technique on afterpains pain in multiparous postpartum mothers. This research is a quasi experiment or quasi-experiment. The design of this study used a one group pre-test-post-test design. The results showed that the pain intensity in postpartum mothers before the effleurage massage technique experienced moderate pain, namely 73.3%, and mild pain, namely 26.7%, after effleurage massage 83.3% experienced mild pain and did not experience pain, namely 16 7%. The results of this study concluded that the effleurage massage technique can be used as a non-pharmacological therapy that can overcome the afterpains pain in postpartum mothers, thereby reducing the pain felt by the mother and will make the mother feel comfortable.
PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG HIV/AIDS DAN PENULARAN DARI IBU KE BAYI DI PUSKESMAS TAMBUN NABOLON KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR TAHUN 2020
Authors: Damanik Yeyen
Published: August 2022

HIV/AIDS merupakan masalah kesehatandi seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan begitu pula kasus HIV pada perempuan dan anak. Tes HIV selama kehamilan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mencegah penularan HIVdari ibu ke anak. WHO memperkirakan sekitar 34 juta orang di dunia terjangkit HIV. Laporan ditjen PP & PL HIV/AIDS di Indonesia dari seluruh ibu hamil yang positif HIV/AIDS sebanyak 1.329 orang (3,01%). Risiko penularan HIV dari ibu keanak tersebut diperkirakan 5-10% selama kehamilan,10-20% selama persalinan dan 5-20% selama menyusui. Lebih dari 90% kasus anak yang terinfeksi HIV,ditularkan melalui proses penularan dari ibu ke anak atau mother to child HIV transmission (MTCT) (Kemenkes,2012). Penelitian ini merupkan Penelitan deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil di Puskesmas Tambun Nabolon  bulan Januari tahun 2020 berjumlah 122 orang orang ibu hamil Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 37 orang ibu hamil dan Tehknik pengambilan sample menggunakan Tehknik accidental sampling data yang  di  kumpulkan  adalah data primer dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang HIV/AIDS berdasarkan pendidikan, baik terbanyak pada tingkat pedidikan Perguruan Tinggi sebanyak 7 orang (18.91%) dan pengetahuan kurang terbanyak pada pendidikan dasar sebanyak 10 orang (27.02%), berdasarkan pekerjaan terbanyak pada ibu yang bekerja. sebanyak 8 orang (21.62%) dan pengetahuan kurang terbanyak pada ibu yang tidak bekerja sebanyak 19 orang (51.35%). Dari 37 responden secara umum yang  memiliki  pengetahuan Tentang HIV/AIDS dalam kategori baik sebanyak 14 orang (37.83%) sedangkan pengetahuan dalam kategori kurang sebanyak 23 orang (62.16%).
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TENTANG PASIEN TIRAH BARING YANG TERLALU LAMA DENGAN KEJADIAN DEKUBITUS DI RSU ARTHA MEDICA BINJAI TAHUN 2020
Authors: Handayani Irma
Published: August 2022

Manusia menjalani hampir sebagian hidupnya di tempat tidur. Pada umumnya tinggal di tempat tidur tidak menimbulkan masalah justru akan timbul masalah jika manusia tidak cukup istirahat (istirahat malam). Selama tidur manusia membangun kembali energinya. Masalah akan timbul jika seseorang yang sedang menderita penyakit terlalu lama beristirahat di tempat tidur. Berdasarkan pengalaman peneliti pada saat melakukan survey di RSU Artha Medica Binjai Tahun 2020, masih ada pasien tirah baring yang mengalami dekubitus. Hal ini dikarenakan tingginya beban perawat, sementara pasien tirah baring sangat ketergantungan dengan perawat, oleh karna itu pengetahuan seorang perawat dalam mencegah terjadinya kejadian dekubitus sangat penting tentang pergantian posisi saat berbaring di tempat tidur, dari 55 perawat. Berdasarkan  dari hasil penelitian kepada perawat  yang dilakukan di RSU Artha Medica Binjai Tahun 2020 didapati ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan perawat tentang pasien tirah baring dengan kejadian dekubitus (0,000 < 0,05) dengan besar korelasi antar variabel adalah 0,000 berarti Ho ditolak Ha diterima. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa hubungan antar tingkat pengetahuan perawat tentang pasien tirah baring dengan kejadian dekubitus memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang positif.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU DENGAN TINDAKAN PENCEGAHAN DIARE PADA BALITA
Authors: Girsang Vierto Irennius
Published: August 2022

Diarrhea is an endemic disease in Indonesia which has very potential for KLB followed by death. Knowledge and attitude of women who have toddler at Kelurahan Dwikora, Kecamatan Helvetia in 2018 highly influence the incidence of diarrhea in their toddler. When they havegood knowlageand positive, they will know how to prevent diarrhea early, and vice versa. Healthy behavior and healthful environment are the two methods in decreasing the death rate and complication caused by diarrhea. The objective if the research was to find out the correlation of women’s knowledge and attitude with prevention from diarrhea at Kelurahan Dwikora. The research used correlation study with cross sectional desaign. The population was 234 women at Kelurahan Dwikora and 44 of them were used as samples. The data were analyzed by using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with chi square statistic test. The result of the research showed that there was the correlation of womens knowledge (p-value=0,003) and attitude (p-value=0,001) with the prevention from diarrhea. The conclusion was that womens good knowledge and positive attitude could influence the prevention from diarrhea. The conclusion was that women’s good knowledge and positive attitude could influence the prevention from diarrhea before their children underwent diarrhea or its relapse. It is recommended that women who have toddler increase the knowledge of preventing diarrhea by participating in counseling provided by health care providers and by asking them about accurate prevention from diarrhea.
PERAN BIDAN TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG ASI EKSKLUSIF DI DESA TANJUNG MORAWA B DELI SERDANG
Authors: Sitorus Friska , Bancin Dewi R , Anita Surya
Published: August 2022

The understanding of pregnant women about exclusive breastfeeding as evidenced by Exclusive breastfeeding is breastfeeding from birth until the child is 6 months old. During this period children are not expected to get additional fluids, such as formula milk, lemon juice, tea water, honey, and plain water. In exclusive breastfeeding, children are also not given additional food such as bananas, biscuits, rice porridge, teams, and so on. Exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months can meet the needs of children, and requires additional food at the age of over 6 months (Maryunani, 2012). The role of midwives in promoting exclusive breastfeeding can be started from the time the mother is pregnant. When pregnant women check their pregnancies, pregnant women will get information about the benefits of breastfeeding and how to successfully breastfeed when their babies are born (Atik, 2016). The role of a good midwife will increase a good understanding for pregnant women about exclusive breastfeeding 37.9%, and there is an influence between the role of midwives and the value of PV value 0.003. Pregnant women make antenatal care visits at least 4 times during pregnancy to the midwife or to the nearest health facility so that they get clear information about exclusive breastfeeding. For health workers to be more intensive in conducting home visits to check on mothers' pregnancies as well as providing counseling on exclusive breastfeeding.
A Bioinformática na busca implacável: Onde estão os pseudogenes?
Authors: Costa Mayla Abrahim , Guterres Alexandro
Published: August 2022

Os pseudogenes são comumente rotulados como "DNA lixo" devido ao seu status não funcional compreendido. A definição de função é um conceito complexo e muitas vezes controverso na biologia. No entanto, o advento dos projetos de genômica em larga escala propiciou a reavaliação da biologia dos pseudogenes, destacando seus principais papéis funcionais e regulatórios em inúmeros organismos e até mesmo em doenças humanas como o câncer. Diferentes estratégias de bioinformática já foram desenvolvidas para identificação destas importantes moléculas biológicas. Assim, o presente estudo descreve a importância dos pseudogenes assim como diversas estratégias e ferramentas em bioinformática empregadas na identificação e determinação de suas funções até então pouco compreendidas.
A importância da preparação de estruturas na metodologia de docking molecular
Authors: Esteves Maria Eduarda Alves , Fernandes Tácio Vinício Amorim , Silva Manuela Leal da
Published: August 2022

As etapas de preparação do docking molecular são de extrema importância para obtenção de resultados fidedignos. Esta metodologia pode ser empregada de diversas maneiras, sendo uma delas a triagem virtual de substâncias que tem como finalidade filtrar grandes bibliotecas de compostos. Assim, o ajuste correto de parâmetros, como o provável estado de protonação dos grupamentos funcionais das moléculas, têm impacto na fidelidade do resultado das simulações de {docking. Neste artigo, serão apresentados os parâmetros de docking para a preparação do sistema. E também a comparação entre um sistema que obedece aos parâmetros de preparação e outro sem ajustes, com a finalidade de esclarecer a influência de cada etapa.
AlphaFold e a busca pelo Santo Graal da Biologia Molecular
Authors: Mariano Diego
Published: August 2022

Recentemente, o uso de técnicas de inteligência artificial tem proporcionado um grande avanço para a solução de um problema da biologia estrutural estudado há mais de 50 anos, trazendo novas perspectivas para a compreensão de doenças e para a descoberta de novos medicamentos.
Assessment of the association of the MOGAT1 and MOGAT3 gene with growth traits in different growth stages in Holstein calves
Authors: Gökçe Gökhan , Bayraktar Mervan
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The members of the monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MOGAT) family are essential candidate genes that influence economic traits associated with triglyceride synthesis, dietary fat absorption, and storage in livestock. In addition, the MOGAT gene family may also play an essential function in human polygenic diseases, like type 2 diabetes and obesity. The present study was conducted on Holstein calves to find the association between MOGAT1, MOGAT3/g.A229G, and MOGAT3/g.G1627A and growth traits. The polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was performed for genotyping the MOGAT1, MOGAT3/g.A229G, and MOGAT3/g.G1627A genes' locus using the TaqI, MspI, and BsuRI restriction enzyme. The allele frequency of A and G of the MOGAT1 locus was 0.79 and 0.21, respectively, while the genotype frequency was 0.65, 0.28, and 0.07 for AA, AG, and GG, respectively. While the allele and genotype frequencies of the MOGAT3/g.A229G locus were 00.57(A1), 0.43(G1), 0.35(A1A1), 0.45(A1G1), and 0.20(G1G1), the allele and genotype frequencies of the MOGAT3/g.G1627A locus were 0.49(A2), 0.51(G2), 0.25(A2A2), 0.49(A2G2), and 0.26(G2G2). Chi-square analysis showed that MOGAT3/g.G1627A distribution was at the Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium (p < 0.05), and MOGAT1 and MOGAT3/g.A229G distribution was at the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). In total, two statistical methods (general linear model (GLM) and PROC MIXED) were used to identify an association between gene locus and growth traits. An association analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the MOGAT1 and body weight, body length, and chest circumference, MOGAT3/g.A229G with average daily gain (ADG) and withers height, and MOGAT3/g.G1627A with body weight and body length (p < 0.05). The results confirmed that the MOGAT1, MOGAT3/g.A229G, and MOGAT3/g.G1627A locus are strong candidate genes that could be considered molecular markers for growth traits in cattle breeding.
Simulating wildfire emissions and plume rise using geostationary satellite fire radiative power measurements: a case study of the 2019 Williams Flats fire
Authors: Kumar Aditya , Pierce R. Bradley , Ahmadov Ravan , Pereira Gabriel , Freitas Saulo , Grell Georg , Schmidt Chris , Lenzen Allen , Schwarz Joshua P. , Perring Anne E. , Katich Joseph M. , Hair John , Jimenez Jose L. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Guo Hongyu
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model
with new implementations of GOES-16 wildfire emissions and plume rise based on fire radiative power (FRP)
to interpret aerosol observations during
the 2019 NASA-NOAA FIREX-AQ field campaign and perform model evaluations. We
compare simulated aerosol concentrations and optical properties against
observations of black carbon aerosol from the NOAA Single Particle Soot
Photometer (NOAA-SP2), organic aerosol from the CU High-Resolution Aerosol
Mass Spectrometer (HR-AMS), and aerosol backscatter coefficients from the
high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) system. This study focuses on the
Williams Flats fire in Washington, which was repeatedly sampled during four
science flights by the NASA DC-8 (3–8 August 2019). The emissions
and plume-rise methodologies are implemented following NOAA's operational
High-Resolution Rapid Refresh coupled with Smoke (HRRR-Smoke) forecasting
model. In addition, new GOES-16 FRP-based diurnal cycle functions are
developed and incorporated into WRF-Chem. The FIREX-AQ observations
represented a diverse set of sampled environments ranging from fresh/aged
smoke from the Williams Flats fire to remnants of plumes transported over
long distances. The Williams Flats fire resulted in significant aerosol
enhancements during 3–8 August 2019, which were substantially
underestimated by the standard version of WRF-Chem. The simulated black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC)
concentrations increased between a factor of 92–125 (BC) and a factor of 28–78 (OC)
with the new implementation compared to the standard WRF-Chem version. These
increases resulted in better agreement with the FIREX-AQ airborne
observations for BC and OC concentrations (particularly for fresh smoke
sampling phases) and aerosol backscatter coefficients. The model still
showed a low bias in simulating the aerosol loadings observed in aged plumes
from Williams Flats. WRF-Chem with the FRP-based plume rise simulated similar
plume heights to the standard plume-rise model in WRF-Chem. The simulated
plume heights (for both versions) compared well with estimated plume heights
using the HSRL measurements. Therefore, the better agreement with
observations was mainly driven by the higher emissions in the FRP-based
version. The model evaluations also highlighted the importance of accurately
accounting for the wildfire diurnal cycle and including adequate
representation of the underlying chemical mechanisms, both of which could
significantly impact model forecasting performance.
Compilation of Southern Ocean sea-ice records covering the last glacial-interglacial cycle (12–130 ka)
Authors: Chadwick Matthew , Crosta Xavier , Esper Oliver , Thöle Lena , Kohfeld Karen E.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Antarctic sea ice forms a critical part of the Southern
Ocean and global climate system. The behaviour of Antarctic sea ice
throughout the last glacial-interglacial (G-IG) cycle (12 000–130 000 years) allows us to investigate the interactions between sea ice and climate under
a large range of mean climate states. Understanding both temporal and
spatial variations in Antarctic sea ice across a G-IG cycle is crucial to a
better understanding of the G-IG regulation of atmospheric CO2, ocean
circulation, nutrient cycling and productivity. This study presents 28
published qualitative and quantitative estimates of G-IG sea
ice from 24 marine sediment cores and an Antarctic ice core. Sea
ice is reconstructed from the sediment core records using diatom assemblages and from the ice core record using sea-salt sodium flux. Whilst all regions of the Southern Ocean display the same overall pattern in G-IG sea-ice variations, the magnitudes and timings vary between regions. Sea-ice cover is most sensitive to changing climate in the regions of high sea-ice outflow
from the Weddell Sea and Ross Sea gyres, as indicated by the greatest
magnitude changes in sea ice in these areas. In contrast the Scotia Sea
sea-ice cover is much more resilient to moderate climatic warming, likely
due to the meltwater stratification from high iceberg flux through “iceberg alley” helping to sustain high sea-ice cover outside of full glacial intervals. The differing sensitivities of sea ice to climatic shifts between
different regions of the Southern Ocean has important implications for the
spatial pattern of nutrient supply and primary productivity, which
subsequently impact carbon uptake and atmospheric CO2 concentrations
changes across a G-IG cycle.
The ST22 chronology for the Skytrain Ice Rise ice core – Part 1: A stratigraphic chronology of the last 2000 years
Authors: Hoffmann Helene M. , Grieman Mackenzie M. , King Amy C. F. , Epifanio Jenna A. , Martin Kaden , Vladimirova Diana , Pryer Helena V. , Doyle Emily , Schmidt Axel , Humby Jack D. , Rowell Isobel F. , Nehrbass-Ahles Christoph , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Mulvaney Robert , Wolff Eric W.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. A new ice core was drilled in West Antarctica on Skytrain Ice Rise in field season 2018/2019. This 651 m ice core is one of the main targets of the WACSWAIN (WArm Climate Stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet in the last INterglacial) project. A present-day accumulation rate of 13.5 cm w.e. yr−1 was derived. Although the project mainly aims to investigate the last interglacial (115–130 ka), a robust chronology period covering the recent past is needed to constrain the age models for the deepest ice. Additionally, this time period is important for understanding current climatic changes in the West Antarctic region. Here, we present a stratigraphic chronology for the top 184.14 m of the Skytrain ice core based on absolute age tie points interpolated using annual layer counting encompassing the last 2000 years of climate history. Together with a model-based depth–age relationship of the deeper part of the ice core, this will form the ST22 chronology. The chemical composition, dust content, liquid conductivity, water isotope concentration and methane content of the whole core was analysed via continuous flow analysis (CFA) at the British Antarctic Survey. Annual layer counting was performed by manual counting of seasonal variations in mainly the sodium and calcium records. This counted chronology was informed and anchored by absolute age tie points, namely, the tritium peak (1965 CE) and six volcanic eruptions. Methane concentration variations were used to further constrain the counting error. A minimal error of ±1 year at the tie points was derived, accumulating to ± 5 %–10 % of the age in the unconstrained sections between tie points. This level of accuracy enables data interpretation on at least decadal timescales and provides a solid base for the dating of deeper ice, which is the second part of the chronology.
Elevation change of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: 1985 to 2020
Authors: Nilsson Johan , Gardner Alex S. , Paolo Fernando S.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The largest uncertainty in future projections of sea level change comes from
the uncertain response of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to the warming oceans and
atmosphere. The ice sheet gains roughly 2000 km3 of ice from
precipitation each year and loses a similar amount through solid ice
discharge into the surrounding oceans. Numerous studies have shown that the
ice sheet is currently out of long-term equilibrium, losing mass at an
accelerated rate and increasing sea level rise. Projections of sea level
change rely on accurate estimates of the contribution of land ice to the
contemporary sea level budget. The longest observational record available to
study the mass balance of the Earth's ice sheets comes from satellite
altimeters. This record, however, consists of multiple satellite missions
with different life spans and inconsistent measurement types (radar and laser) of varying quality. To fully utilize these data, measurements from
different missions must be cross-calibrated and integrated into a consistent
record of change. Here, we present a novel approach for generating such a
record that implies improved topography removal, cross-calibration, and
normalization of seasonal amplitudes from different mission. We describe in
detail the advanced geophysical corrections applied and the processes needed
to derive elevation change estimates. We processed the full archive record
of satellite altimetry data, providing a seamless record of elevation change
for the Antarctic Ice Sheet that spans the period 1985 to 2020. The data are
produced and distributed as part of the NASA MEaSUREs ITS_LIVE (Making Earth System Data Records for Use
in Research Environments Inter-mission Time Series of Land Ice Velocity and Elevation) project (Nilsson et al., 2021, DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5067/L3LSVDZS15ZV​​​​​​​).
Reverse dynamic nuclear polarisation for indirect detection of nuclear spins close to unpaired electrons
Authors: Wili Nino , Ardenkjær-Larsen Jan Henrik , Jeschke Gunnar
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Polarisation transfer schemes and indirect detection are central to magnetic resonance. Using the trityl radical OX063 and a pulse electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer operating in the Q-band (35 GHz, 1.2 T), we show here that it is possible to use pulsed dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) to transfer polarisation from electrons to protons and back. The latter is achieved by first saturating the electrons and then simply using a reverse DNP step. A variable mixing time between DNP and reverse DNP allows us to investigate the decay of polarisation on protons in the vicinity of the electrons. We qualitatively investigate the influence of solvent deuteration, temperature, and electron concentration. We expect reverse DNP to be useful in the investigation of nuclear spin diffusion and envisage its use in electron–nuclear double-resonance (ENDOR) experiments.
Comparison of manual snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements: seeking the reference for a true SWE value in a boreal biome
Authors: Beaudoin-Galaise Maxime , Jutras Sylvain
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Manual measurement of snow water equivalent (SWE) is
still important today for several applications such as hydrological model
validation. This measurement can be performed with different types of snow
tube sampler or by a snow pit. Although these methods have been performed
for several decades, there is an apparent lack of information required to
have a consensus regarding the best reference for “true” SWE. We define
and estimate the uncertainty and measurement error of different methods of
snow pits and snow samplers used in a boreal biome. Analysis was based upon
measurements taken over five consecutive winters (2016–2020) from the same
flat and open area. This study compares two snow pit methods and three snow
samplers. In addition to including the Standard Federal sampler (SFS), this
study documents the first use of two new large diameter samplers, the
Hydro-Québec sampler (HQS) and Université Laval sampler (ULS). Large diameter samplers had the lowest uncertainty (2.6 % to 4.0 %). Snow pit methods had higher uncertainty due to
instruments (7.1 % to 11.4 %), close to that of the SFS (mean = 10.4 %).
Given its larger collected snow volume for estimating SWE and its lower
uncertainty, we posit that ULS represents the most appropriate method of
reference for “true” SWE. By considering ULS as the reference in
calculating mean bias error (MBE), different snow pit methods overestimated
SWE by 16.6 % to 26.2 %, which was much higher than SFS (8.4 %). This
study suggests that large diameter samplers are the best method for
estimating “true” SWE in a boreal biome.
“Tagay ta, Bai!”: The Social Dynamics of Filipino Social Drinking
Authors: Omamalin Jamaal S.
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the social dynamics of Filipino social drinking, or "tagay". It aimed to answer the following: (1) define tagay as a distinct drinking culture; (2) determine the technicalities and rules of tagay; and (3) assess the perceptions and interpretations of the participants on tagay. This study employed the qualitative research design through the ethnographic method as the primary research technique. Tagay is engaged by people for reasons usually celebratory and enjoyable in nature. It possesses social dynamics and elements which gear its conduct- rules, time and place, behaviors, gender and power relations, material components, roles, mechanisms, definitions, and functions. Differing through social considerations, the identity of tagay as a Filipino drinking culture remains distinct as embodied by a single drinking glass and continues to be dynamic and adaptive, relying on those who partake. Tagay becomes what it is depending on the perception of those who participate.
Revenue Generation Program of Cities: Implementation, Effectiveness, Challenges, and Best Practices
Authors: Pescador Ma. Ron-ron B. , Caelian Merlita V.
Published: August 2022

Tax revenue from local sources constitutes a major source of income for local government units. In the ASEAN, revenues suffered a sharp downturn, due to the pandemic. In the Philippines, the slowdown in economic activities increased unemployment and decreased local revenues. This study determined the extent of implementation of revenue generation programs in cities for the fiscal years 2019-2020 as assessed by 312 implementers and 411 stakeholders. It also assessed the effectiveness of the collection strategies employed and investigated the challenges encountered as well as best practices in implementing revenue generation programs. Using descriptive analysis, the results revealed that the implementation of the revenue generation program is to a great extent. Collection strategies employed were found effective. Three groups of challenges emerged; challenges common to treasurers and assessors, for assessors and challenges for treasurers. The best practice recommended is adopting the electronic payment system. Implementation of revenue-generation programs using effective collection strategies results in self-reliant cities.
A Comparison of Demographic and Research Characteristics of Faculty in a Philippine Private University: Assessing Self-Efficacy, Attitude, and Interest
Authors: Alcazaren Holden Kenneth G. , Robiños John Robby O.
Published: August 2022

As the country shifts toward institutionalizing research-related activities for both basic and higher education, research productivity (RP) still exhibited low ratings, with most of the universities still developing their own research cultures. To keep up with this shift, the current paper aimed to provide an assessment of the current research characteristics (i.e., research self-efficacy, research attitudes, and research interests) of faculty members in a private university in Bacoor, Cavite. Focusing on a relatively small scale of faculty members (n= 49), the investigation tried to compare the faculty’s demographic profile and research characteristics to further understand the overall university faculty research productivity. The findings revealed that they have an above-average confidence level with their research skills, have a somewhat positive view of research, and are likely to be interested in doing research. The study found no significant differences among the participants' research characteristics when grouped according to their gender and educational attainment using Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests. However, there is a significant difference in the research attitudes among different age groups. Results have provided an objective assessment of the current research characteristics of university faculty members that may inform potential research training programs.
EL ESTADO DE LA GEOLOGÍA EN EL CURRÍCULO. UNA SITUACIÓN PREOCUPANTE.
Authors: García Yelo Blanca A , García Buitrago Elena , García García Eugenia
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo analiza los cambios en contenidos Geología en el currículo en las etapas educativas preuniversitarias (obligatorias y bachillerato), comparando las leyes educativas LOMCE y LOMLOE. La alfabetización en geología es fundamental para que el estudiantado adquiriera una sólida base científica con la que comprender y buscar alternativas a la preocupante crisis ambiental. Un análisis profundo de los contenidos de los reales decretos LOMCE y LOMLOE muestra como, parte de éstos, se pierden de una norma a otra (v.g. Agua en la Tierra y el Ciclo del Agua -Educación Primaria- o el Tiempo Geológico, la Geología Histórica y la Geología de España -Bachillerato-), pero también cómo se incorporan nuevos contenidos en la mayoría de las etapas (Protección del Patrimonio Natural –Infantil– o Edafología y Formación de Suelos –Secundaria–). Estos cambios hacia una menor alfabetización científica son potenciados por una reducción en el horario en Secundaria dedicado a las asignaturas del ámbito, junto con un aumento en la oferta de asignaturas de elección, que condiciona negativamente la selección de asignaturas relacionadas con la Geología en etapas superiores. Podemos concluir que la formación científica en geología del alumnado al final de la etapa preuniversitaria no cubrirá los contenidos mínimos, afectando a la alfabetización científica de la ciudadanía.