bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fully Chiral Light Emission from CsPbX3 Perovskite Nanocrystals Enabled by Cholesteric Superstructure Stacks
Authors: Wang Chun‐Ta , Chen Keqiang , Xu Ping , Yeung Fion , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Li Guijun
Published: June 2019

Halide perovskites have received tremendous attention due to their fantastic optical and electrical properties. Here, circularly polarized light emission is successfully demonstrated using a simple configuration consisting of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals embedded within a predefined handedness cholesteric superstructure stack. The helical structured cholesteric liquid crystal film acts as a selective filter to transform the unpolarized light emission from perovskite nanocrystals into circularly polarized luminescence. The transformation is accompanied by an extraordinary dissymmetry factor (|glum|) up to 1.6, well‐defined handedness, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and full‐color availability. Furthermore, the circularly polarized luminescence is angular dependent and can easily be modulated by shifting the overlap of the reflection band and the emission band. The proposed method is more straightforward and powerful than the previous approaches, offering new opportunities in optoelectronic and photonic devices.
A Chitosan–Carbon Nanotube‐Modified Microelectrode for In Situ Detection of Blood Levels of the Antipsychotic Clozapine in a Finger‐Pricked Sample Volume
Authors: Shukla Rajendra P. , Ben‐Yoav Hadar
Published: June 2019

The antipsychotic clozapine is the most effective medication available for schizophrenia and it is the only antipsychotic with a known efficacious clinical range. However, it is dramatically underutilized due to the inability to test clozapine blood levels in finger‐pricked patients' samples. This prevents obtaining immediate blood levels information, resulting in suboptimal treatment. The development of an electrochemical microsensor is presented, which enables, for the first time, clozapine detection in microliters volume whole blood. The sensor is based on a microelectrode modified with micrometer‐thick biopolymer chitosan encapsulating carbon nanotubes. The developed sensor detects clozapine oxidation current, in the presence of other electroactive species in the blood, which generate overlapping electrochemical signals. Clozapine detection, characterized in whole blood from healthy volunteers, displays a sensitivity of 32 ± 3.0 µA cm−2 µmol−1 L and a limit‐of‐detection of 0.5 ± 0.03 µmol L−1. Finally, the developed sensor displays a reproducible electrochemical signal (0.6% relative standard deviation) and high storage stability (9.8% relative standard deviation after 8 days) in serum samples and high repeatability (9% relative standard deviation for the 5th repetition) in whole blood samples. By enabling the rapid and minimally invasive clozapine detection at the point‐of‐care, an optimal schizophrenia treatment is provided.
Rejuvenated Photodynamic Therapy for Bacterial Infections
Authors: Jia Qingyan , Song Qing , Li Peng , Huang Wei
Published: June 2019

The emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains has hastened the exploration of advanced microbicides and antibacterial techniques. Photodynamic antibacterial therapy (PDAT), an old‐fashioned technique, has been rejuvenated to combat “superbugs” and biofilm‐associated infections owing to its excellent characteristics of noninvasiveness and broad antibacterial spectrum. More importantly, bacteria are less likely to produce drug resistance to PDAT because it does not require specific targeting interaction between photosensitizers (PSs) and bacteria. This review mainly focuses on recent developments and future prospects of PDAT. The mechanisms of PDAT against bacteria and biofilms are briefly introduced. In addition to classical macrocyclic PSs, several innovative PSs, including non‐self‐quenching PSs, conjugated polymer–based PSs, and nano‐PSs, are summarized in detail. Numerous multifunctional PDAT systems such as in situ light‐activated PDAT, stimuli‐responsive PDAT, oxygen self‐enriching enhanced PDAT, and PDAT‐based multimodal therapy are highlighted to overcome the inherent defects of PDAT in vivo (e.g., limited penetration depth of light and hypoxic environment of infectious sites).
How to Design Hydrogen Storage Materials? Fundamentals, Synthesis, and Storage Tanks
Authors: Lai Qiwen , Sun Yahui , Wang Ting , Modi Poojan , Cazorla Claudio , Demirci Umit B. , Ares Fernandez Jose Ramon , Leardini Fabrice , Aguey‐Zinsou Kondo‐François
Published: June 2019

As the world shifts toward renewable energy, the need for an effective energy carrier is pressing. Hydrogen has often been touted as a universal clean energy vector and the fuel of the future. Unfortunately, mass adoption of the hydrogen economy is slow due to a lack of incentives and technical difficulties in storing hydrogen. Better materials capable of reversible hydrogen uptake/release with hydrogen capacity surpassing 5 mass% at the ambient must emerge. So far, finding such materials has been elusive; alloys capable of ambient hydrogen uptake/release have a low storage capacity while high capacity hydrides have a very high hydrogen release temperature. From metal alloys to complex hydrides, a better understanding of the behavior of hydrogen in hydrides is essential to fine‐tune their properties toward application. Herein, the latest approaches to design hydrogen storage materials based on known hydrides are reviewed with the aim to facilitate the emergence of alternative thinking toward the design of better hydrogen storage materials. Synthetic methods and conceptual approaches to achieve particular hydrogen thermodynamics and kinetics are discussed. These include metallurgical alloying, mechanochemical modification, chemical destabilization, the nanosizing approach, and theoretical modeling and machine learning techniques to guide experimental work.
Paramelaconite‐Enriched Copper‐Based Material as an Efficient and Robust Catalyst for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Martić Nemanja , Reller Christian , Macauley Chandra , Löffler Mario , Schmid Bernhard , Reinisch David , Volkova Elena , Maltenberger Anna , Rucki Andreas , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Schmid Günter
Published: June 2019

A copper‐oxide‐based catalyst enriched with paramelaconite (Cu4O3) is presented and investigated as an electrocatalyst for facilitating electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene and other hydrocarbons. Cu4O3 is a member of the copper‐oxide family and possesses an intriguing mixed‐valance nature, incorporating an equal number of Cu+ and Cu2+ ions in its crystal structure. The material is synthesized using a solvothermal synthesis route and its structure is confirmed via powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope based selected area electron diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A flow reactor equipped with a gas diffusion electrode is utilized to test a copper‐based catalyst enriched with the Cu4O3 phase under CO2 reduction conditions. The Cu4O3‐rich catalyst (PrC) shows a Faradaic efficiency for ethylene over 40% at 400 mA cm−2. At −0.64 versus reversible hydrogen electrode, the highest C2+/C1 product ratio of 4.8 is achieved, with C2+ Faradaic efficiency over 61%. Additionally, the catalyst exhibits a stable performance for 24 h at a constant current density of 200 mA cm−2.
A Novel Dendrite‐Free Mn2+/Zn2+ Hybrid Battery with 2.3 V Voltage Window and 11000‐Cycle Lifespan
Authors: Li Ming , He Qiu , Li Zilan , Li Qi , Zhang Yuxin , Meng Jiashen , Liu Xiong , Li Shidong , Wu Buke , Chen Lineng , Liu Ziang , Luo Wen , Han Chunhua , Mai Liqiang
Published: June 2019

With the increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution, rechargeable aqueous Zn‐based batteries (AZBs) are receiving unprecedented attention due to their list of merits, such as low cost, high safety, and nontoxicity. However, the limited voltage window, Zn dendrites, and relatively low specific capacity are still great challenges. In this work, a new reaction mechanism of reversible Mn2+ ion oxidation deposition is introduced to AZBs. The assembled Mn2+/Zn2+ hybrid battery (Mn2+/Zn2+ HB) based on a hybrid storage mechanism including Mn2+ ion deposition, Zn2+ ion insertion, and conversion reaction of MnO2 can achieve an ultrawide voltage window (0–2.3 V) and high capacity (0.96 mAh cm−2). Furthermore, the carbon nanotubes coated Zn anode is proved to effectively inhibit Zn dendrites and control side reaction, hence exhibiting an ultrastable cycling (33 times longer than bare Zn foil) without obvious polarization. Benefiting from the optimal Zn anode and highly reversible Mn2+/Zn2+ hybrid storage mechanism, the Mn2+/Zn2+ HB shows an excellent cycling performance over 11 000 cycles with a 100% capacity retention. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the highest reported cycling performance and wide voltage window for AZBs with mild electrolyte, which may inspire a great insight into designing high‐performance aqueous batteries.
Schlauchwehre an französischen Wasserstraßen
Authors: Lechtenberg Jan‐Willem , Tinnemann Peter
Published: June 2019

Die Wasser‐ und Schifffahrtsverwaltung Frankreichs betreibt mehr als 500 Wehranlagen. Im Zuge der Modernisierung der Wasserstraßen erfolgte 2010 die Ausschreibung für den Ersatz und Rückbau von 29 manuell betriebenen Nadelwehren sowie deren Betrieb über einen Zeitraum von 30 Jahren. Das Barrages Aisne Meuse wird als PPP‐Projekt ausgeschrieben. Der Zuschlag wird Anfang 2013 an das Konsortium BAMEO vergeben. Die Planung sieht vor, alle 29 manuell betriebenen Nadelwehre durch Schlauchwehranlagen zu ersetzen. Damit werden bei diesem Projekt erstmalig Schlauchwehre als technische Lösung für ein zusammenhängendes Infrastrukturprojekt angewendet. Floecksmühle Energietechnik GmbH erhält den Auftrag für die Planung und Lieferung der Schlauchwehranlagen und der dazugehörigen technischen Ausrüstung. Die Gesamtkosten für Planung, Bau sowie Wartung und Betrieb betragen 312 Mio. Euro. Die Projektdauer von 2013–2020 beinhaltet lediglich vier Jahre Bauzeit. Das Design der Schlauchwehranlagen und alle Prozesse werden daher in hohem Maße standardisiert. Darüber hinaus bieten Schlauchwehranlagen den Vorteil eines transport‐ und montagefreundlichen Systems mit kurzen Montagezeiten. Durch die erfolgreiche Umsetzung dieser Planungsgrundsätze und durch die effizient gestalteten Montageprozesse sind die Bauarbeiten im Januar 2019 an allen 29 Wehranlagen abgeschlossen und die ersten 20 Anlagen in Betrieb.
Wiederanbindung des historischen Hafens Bad Karlshafen an die Weser
Authors: Helfers Björn
Published: June 2019

Bad Karlshafen an der Nordspitze Hessens ist der geplante Traum. Der Gründer Landgraf Carl ließ das sumpfige Gebiet an der Mündung der Diemel in die Weser 1699 trockenlegen, um dort eine Barockstadt vom Reißbrett rund um ein Hafenbecken anzulegen. Das Hafenbecken inmitten der neuen Stadt wiederum sollte – ganz im Denken der Epoche – den Besatzungen der einfahrenden Schiffe ein prachtvoller Hinweis auf den Herrscher sein. Indem er solches mit den modernsten Techniken der Zeit erschaffen ließ, zeigte der Landgraf, dass es ihm sogar gelang, die Natur zu beherrschen und das Landschaftsbild regelrecht zu inszenieren. Die historische Schleuse zur Weser hin versieht ihren Dienst schon lange nicht mehr und die Brücke über die einstige Hafeneinfahrt wurde zum befestigten Straßendamm, der das Becken für Schiffe von der Zufahrt zur Weser abriegelt. Dies wurde durch die Wiederanbindung des Hafens Bad Karlshafen an die Weser korrigiert und der Hafen damit wieder zur Weser hin geöffnet.
LncRNA DGCR5 regulates the non‐small cell lung cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion through regulating miR‐211‐5p/EPHB6 axis
Authors: Kang Mafei , Shi Jieqiong , Li Bihui , Luo Meiqing , Xu Shengyuan , Liu Xiuli
Published: June 2019

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80% of lung cancers worldwide. In recent years, importance of noncoding RNAs including long noncoding RNA and microRNA in regulating tumor progression has been appreciated. Abnormally expression of DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 5 (DGCR5) was found in multiple human cancers but its function in NSCLC is largely unknown. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was conducted to explore DGCR5 expression level in NSCLC. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to explore the targets of DGCR5. Cell counting kit‐8 assay, wound‐healing assay, and transwell invasion assay were performed to analyze functions of DGCR5. RT‐qPCR revealed that DGCR5 expression in NSCLC cells was significantly lower than in normal cell. DGCR5 overexpression suppresses NSCLC cell growth, migration, and invasion. Online algorithms found EPH receptor B6 (EPHB6) and DGCR5 contains same miR‐211‐5p binding region. The predicted connections were further validated by luciferase activity reporter assay. Recue experiments showed DGCR5 regulates NSCLC cell behaviors via targeting miR‐211‐5p/EPHB6. These findings collectively identified DGCR5/miR‐211‐5p/EPHB6 triple axis in NSCLC, which may novel understanding regarding the tumorigenesis of NSCLC.
Clinicopathological and mutational analyses of colorectal cancer with mutations in the POLE gene
Authors: Hino Hitoshi , Shiomi Akio , Kusuhara Masatoshi , Kagawa Hiroyasu , Yamakawa Yushi , Hatakeyama Keiichi , Kawabata Takanori , Oishi Takuma , Urakami Kenichi , Nagashima Takeshi , Kinugasa Yusuke , Yamaguchi Ken
Published: June 2019

Here, we investigated the clinicopathological and mutation profiles of colorectal cancer (CRC) with POLE mutations. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed in 910 surgically resected primary CRCs. Tumors exceeding 500 counts of nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were classified as hypermutators, whereas the remaining were classified as nonhypermutators. The hypermutators were subdivided into 2 groups. CRCs harboring more than 20% C‐to‐A and less than 3% C‐to‐G transversions were classified as POLE category tumors, whereas the remaining were classified as common‐hypermutators. Gene expression profiling (GEP) analysis was performed in 892 (98.0%) tumors. Fifty‐seven (6.3%) and 10 (1.1%) tumors were classified common‐hypermutators and POLE category tumors, respectively. POLE category tumors harbored a significantly higher SNV count than common‐hypermutators, and all POLE category tumors were associated with exonuclease domain mutations, such as P286R, F367C, V411L, and S297Y, in the POLE gene. Patients with POLE category tumors were significantly younger than those with nonhypermutators and common‐hypermutators. All POLE mutations in the early‐onset (age of onset ≤50 years old) POLE category (7 tumors) were P286R mutations. GEP analysis revealed that PD‐L1 and PD‐1 gene expression levels were significantly increased in both common‐hypermutators and POLE category tumors compared with those in nonhypermutators. CD8A expression was significantly upregulated in POLE category tumors compared with that in nonhypermutators. Thus, we concluded that CRCs with POLE proofreading deficiency had characteristics distinct from those of other CRCs. Analysis of POLE proofreading deficiency may be clinically significant for personalized management of CRCs.
Associations between environmental factors and serological Epstein‐Barr virus antibodies in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in South China
Authors: Zhou Ting , Yang Da‐Wei , He Yong‐Qiao , Xue Wen‐Qiong , Liao Ying , Zheng Mei‐Qi , Jia Yi‐Jing , Yuan Lei‐Lei , Zhang Wen‐Li , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Jia Wei‐Hua
Published: June 2019

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, reflected by aberrantly increased levels of various serological antibodies, has been suggested to be an early indicator of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) onset and progression. We have previously suggested that certain lifestyle and dietary factors were associated with elevated serological levels of the antibody against various EBV antigens namely VCA, Zta, EBNA1, and oral EBV DNA loads among healthy population. It remains unclear whether these potential environmental factors would also influence EBV serological antibodies in NPC patients. We conducted an epidemiological study to evaluate the associations between such environmental factors and EBV antibody levels among 1701 NPC patients in South China. Pretreatment serums were collected and examined for VCA‐IgA and EA‐IgA by immunoenzymatic assays and antienzyme rate (AER) of EBV DNase‐specific neutralizing antibody. We found that consumption of Canton‐style herbal tea was significantly correlated with increased serological antibody levels of VCA‐IgA and EA‐IgA, with adjusted ORs of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.03‐1.76) and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.01‐1.73), respectively, in the weekly intake frequency stratum, while not related to AER of EBV DNase‐specific neutralizing antibody. Smoking was found to be not only an apparent risk factor for higher antibody levels of AER in stage III‐IV patients (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.11‐2.30), but also associated closely with NPC stage at diagnosis (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.47‐3.22), with dose‐response effects. In conclusion, we found consumption of Canton‐style herbal tea and cigarette smoking were in positive associations with elevated EBV antibodies in NPC patients, which may be of public health significance for the primary prevention of EBV‐associated diseases especially NPC.
Mechanistic Study on the Selective Oxidation of Acrolein to Acrylic Acid: Identification of the Rate‐Limiting Step via Perdeuterated Acrolein
Authors: Knoche Stefan , Heid Maurice , Gora Niklas , Ohlig Dominik , Drochner Alfons , Hess Christian , Etzold Bastian , Vogel Herbert
Published: June 2019

Gas phase oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid on hydrothermally prepared Mo/V/W mixed oxides was investigated by isotopic labeling of acrolein. In this context, perdeuterated acrolein was synthesized for the first time and subsequently used for mechanistic studies. A clear kinetic isotopic effect (KIE) is observed referring to the α‐hydrogen‐abstraction as the rate‐determining step in the selective acrolein oxidation. Furthermore, no change in the selectivity patterns is observed due to the perdeuteration, which confirms that the α‐hydrogen‐abstraction also acts as the rate‐limiting step in the total oxidation of acrolein. Based on these KIE studies combined with additional experiments including D2O‐SSITKA and temperature‐programmed desorption, a detailed reaction mechanism for acrolein oxidation is proposed.
Synthesis and X‐ray diffraction study of a chiral bis‐phosphahelicene palladium (II) complex
Authors: Sanogo Youssouf , Aillard Paul , Retailleau Pascal , Voituriez Arnaud , Marinetti Angela
Published: June 2019

As a complement to our previous studies on the development of a class of chiral phosphahelicenes, this article discloses the synthesis, spectroscopic, and structural characterizations of a new phosphahelicene transition metal complex. It demonstrates the ability of these hindered chiral ligands to coordinate Pd (II) in trans‐complexes Cl2Pd(L*)2. In the solid state, the complex adopts a C2‐symmetric arrangement with two ligands facing each other on the same face of the coordination plane. X‐Ray data highlight bending of the Pd (II) unit from the expected planar coordination geometry that might be due to a significant π‐π stacking effect between the central rings of two helical units.
Synthetic data method to incorporate external information into a current study
Authors: Gu Tian , Taylor Jeremy M. G. , Cheng Wenting , Mukherjee Bhramar
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We consider the situation where there is a known regression model that can be used to predict an outcome, Y, from a set of predictor variables X. A new variable B is expected to enhance the prediction of Y. A dataset of size n containing Y,X and B is available, and the challenge is to build an improved model for Y|X,B that uses both the available individual level data and some summary information obtained from the known model for Y|X. We propose a synthetic data approach, which consists of creating m additional synthetic data observations, and then analyzing the combined dataset of size n + m to estimate the parameters of the Y|X,B model. This combined dataset of size n + m now has missing values of B for m of the observations, and is analyzed using methods that can handle missing data (e.g., multiple imputation). We present simulation studies and illustrate the method using data from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Though the synthetic data method is applicable to a general regression context, to provide some justification, we show in two special cases that the asymptotic variances of the parameter estimates in the Y|X,B model are identical to those from an alternative constrained maximum likelihood estimation approach. This correspondence in special cases and the method's broad applicability makes it appealing for use across diverse scenarios. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 580–603; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
A pathologic two‐way street: how innate immunity impacts lung fibrosis and fibrosis impacts lung immunity
Authors: Warheit‐Niemi Helen I , Hult Elissa M , Moore Bethany B
Published: June 2019

Lung fibrosis is characterised by the accumulation of extracellular matrix within the lung and is secondary to both known and unknown aetiologies. This accumulation of scar tissue limits gas exchange causing respiratory insufficiency. The pathogenesis of lung fibrosis is poorly understood, but immunologic‐based treatments have been largely ineffective. Despite this, accumulating evidence suggests that innate immune cells and receptors play important modulatory roles in the initiation and propagation of the disease. Paradoxically, while innate immune signalling may be important for the pathogenesis of fibrosis, there is also evidence to suggest that innate immune function against pathogens may be impaired, leading to dysregulated and/or impaired host defence. This review summarises the evidence for this pathologic two‐way street, highlights new concepts of pathogenesis and recommends future directions for research emphasis.
Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles and Ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐Disuccinic Acid on Seed Germination of Four Different Plants
Authors: Doğaroğlu Zeynep Görkem , Eren Abdullah , Baran M. Fırat
Published: June 2019

The release of nanoparticles and biodegradable chelating agents into the environment may cause toxicological and ecotoxicological effects. The aim of this study is to determine the ecotoxic effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) on most cultured four plants. The durum wheat, bread wheat, barley, and rye are exposed to 5 mL 10 mg L−1 ZnO nanoparticles and 10 mg L−1 EDDS in the seed germination stage. Results show that these different plant species have different responses to ZnO nanoparticles and EDDS. The germination percentage of bread wheat and rye decreases in the application of ZnO nanoparticles while the germination of durum wheat and barley increases as much as in radicle elongation and seedling vigor. While ZnO treatment causes a decrease in bread wheat and rye germinated rat in the range of 33–14.3%, respectively, there is no change in germination rate of these plants at EDDS treatment. In addition, EDDS treatment positively affects barley germination rate. In conclusion, it is clear that ZnO nanoparticles have more toxic effects on bread wheat and rye than EDDS, while barley is positively affected by ZnO nanoparticles and EDDS.
Utilization of rehabilitation services in patients with head and neck cancer in the United States: A SEER‐Medicare analysis
Authors: Wang Jennifer R. , Nurgalieva Zhannat , Fu Shuangshuang , Tam Samantha , Zhao Hui , Giordano Sharon H. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Lewis Carol M.
Published: June 2019

Background

Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment lead to functional impairments. Rehabilitation by speech‐language pathology (SLP) and occupational/physical therapy (OT/PT) can decrease morbidity.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results–Medicare data for patients with HNC diagnosed between 2002 and 2011 was utilized to evaluate posttreatment rehabilitation.

Results

In 16 194 patients, the overall utilization rate was 20.7% for SLP and 26.2% for OT/PT services. Treatment modality was significantly associated rehabilitation utilization. Compared to patients treated with primary surgery, those treated with primary radiotherapy had significantly lower odds of OT/PT utilization. Patients treated with surgery plus adjuvant treatment and primary concurrent chemoradiation had higher odds of SLP utilization compared to patients treated with surgery alone.

Conclusions

Rehabilitation services appeared to be underutilized by patients with HNC in the United States and vary with treatment modality. There is a need to improve integration of rehabilitation services into the HNC care continuum.

Rehabilitation services are underutilized by patients with HNC during posttreatment surveillance in the United States. Treatment modality significantly impacts rehabilitation utilization patterns.
Impact of a pharmacist‐administered long‐acting injectable antipsychotic service in a supermarket‐based community pharmacy on medication adherence
Authors: Lin Christine , Strauss Rebecca , Hong Jenny , Hamper Jeffrey G. , Hoy Emma Sew , Lazar Ann A. , Kroon Lisa
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Long‐acting injectable antipsychotic (LAIA) medications can improve medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder due to their 1‐ to 3‐month administration schedules.

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of a pharmacist‐administered LAIA service in a supermarket‐based community pharmacy on medication adherence rates.

Methods

In this descriptive study, service data from July 1, 2017 through February 28, 2018 were obtained from a national chain pharmacy. The study population included all patients utilizing the pharmacist‐administered LAIA service who received one of the following LAIA medications during the study period: aripiprazole, aripiprazole lauroxil, paliperidone palmitate, and risperidone. Patients under the age of 18 and those who received fewer than two pharmacist administrations of the same medication were excluded. Medication adherence was measured using the proportion of days covered (PDC) with ≥80% being considered adherent. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors that affected PDC.

Results

A total of 78% (500/641) of patients enrolled in the service were determined to be adherent to their LAIA. Statistically significant differences were found between PDC rates based on medication selection. Using aripiprazole (Abilify Maintena) as a reference, patients on paliperidone palmitate (Invega Sustenna), paliperidone palmitate (Invega Trinza), and risperidone (Risperdal Consta) were 2.1 (95% CI 1.3‐3.3, P < .002), 4.4 (95% CI 1.8‐11.2, P < .002), and 4.3 (95% CI 1.6‐11.8, P < .004) times more likely to have a PDC ≥80%, respectively.

Conclusion

A majority of patients (78%) enrolled in a community pharmacy‐based service in which pharmacists‐administered LAIA medications were shown to be adherent to their medication. Specific LAIA medications were found to be associated with greater medication adherence. Findings from this study will provide insight into effective means of care delivery for other community‐based specialty pharmacy programs.
Preclinical evaluation of porcine colon resection using hollow core negative curvature fibre delivered ultrafast laser pulses
Authors: Mohanan Syam M. P. C. , Beck Rainer J. , West Nicholas P. , Shires Michael , Perry Sarah L. , Jayne David G. , Hand Duncan P. , Shephard Jonathan D.
Published: June 2019

Ultrashort pulse lasers offer great promise for tissue resection with exceptional precision and minimal thermal damage. Surgery in the bowel requires high precision and minimal necrotic tissue to avoid severe complications such as perforation. The deployment of ultrashort lasers in minimally invasive or endoscopic procedures has been hindered by the lack of suitable optical fibres for high peak powers. However, recent developments of hollow core microstructured fibres provide potential for delivery of such pulses throughout the body. In this study, analysis of laser ablation via a scanning galvanometer on a porcine colon tissue model is presented. A thermally damaged region (<85 μm) and fine depth control of ablation using the pulse energies 46 and 33 μJ are demonstrated. It is further demonstrated that such pulses suitable for precision porcine colon resection can be flexibly delivered via a hollow core negative curvature fibre (HC‐NCF) and again ablation depth can be controlled with a thermally damaged region <85 μm. Ablation volumes are comparable to that of early stage lesions in the inner lining of the colon. This study concludes that the combination of ultrashort pulses and flexible fibre delivery via HC‐NCF present a viable route to new minimally invasive surgical procedures.
Biocompatibility evaluation of bioprinted decellularized collagen sheet implanted in vivo cornea using swept‐source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Park Jaeseok , Lee Kyoung‐Pil , Kim Hyeonji , Park Sungjo , Wijesinghe Ruchire E. , Lee Jaeyul , Han Sangyeob , Lee Sangbong , Kim Pilun , Cho Dong‐Woo , Jang Jinah , Kim Hong K. , Jeon Mansik , Kim Jeehyun
Published: June 2019

Corneal transplantation by full‐thickness penetrating keratoplasty with human donor tissue is a widely accepted treatment for damaged or diseased corneas. Although corneal transplantation has a high success rate, a shortage of high‐quality donor tissue is a considerable limitation. Therefore, bioengineered corneas could be an effective solution for this limitation, and a decellularized extracellular matrix comprises a promising scaffold for their fabrication. In this study, three‐dimensional bioprinted decellularized collagen sheets were implanted into the stromal layer of the cornea of five rabbits. We performed in vivo noninvasive monitoring of the rabbit corneas using swept‐source optical coherence tomography (OCT) after implanting the collagen sheets. Anterior segment OCT images and averaged amplitude‐scans were acquired biweekly to monitor corneal thickness after implantation for 1 month. The averaged cornea thickness in the control images was 430.3 ± 5.9 μm, while the averaged thickness after corneal implantation was 598.5 ± 11.8 μm and 564.5 ± 12.5 μm at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. The corneal thickness reduction of 34 μm confirmed the biocompatibility through the image analysis of the depth‐intensity profile base. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin staining supported the biocompatibility evaluation of the bioprinted decellularized collagen sheet implantation. Hence, the developed bioprinted decellularized collagen sheets could become an alternative solution to human corneal donor tissue, and the proposed image analysis procedure could be beneficial to confirm the success of the surgery.
Use of tendon to produce decellularized sheets of mineralized collagen fibrils for bone tissue repair and regeneration
Authors: Grue Brendan H. , Veres Samuel P.
Published: June 2019

With demand for alternatives to autograft and allograft materials continuing to rise, development of new scaffolds for bone tissue repair and regeneration remains of significant interest. Engineered collagen‐calcium phosphate (CaP) constructs can offer desirable attributes, including absence of foreign body response and possession of inherent osteogenic potential. Despite their promise, current collagen‐CaP constructs are limited to nonload‐bearing applications. In this article, we describe a process for creating decellularized sheets of highly aligned, natively cross‐linked, and mineralized collagen fibrils, which may be useful for developing multilaminate collagen‐CaP constructs with improved mechanical properties. Decellularized bovine tendons were cryosectioned to produce thin sheets of aligned collagen fibrils. Mineralization of the sheets was then performed using an alternate soaking method incorporating a polymer‐induced liquid precursor (PILP) process to promote intrafibrillar mineralization, along with incorporation of physiologically relevant amounts of citrate, Mg, and carbonate. Characteristics of the produced scaffolds were assessed using energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scaffolds were also compared with both native bovine cortical bone and pure hydroxyapatite using X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflection (FTIR‐ATR). Structural and chemical analyses show that the scaffold preparation process that we described is successful in creating mineralized collagen sheets, possessing a mineral phase similar to that found in bone as well as a close association between collagen fibrils and mineral plates.
Patient‐centered care and genomic medicine: A qualitative provider study in the military health system
Authors: Hellwig Lydia D. , Turner Clesson , O’Neill Suzanne C.
Published: June 2019

The diagnostic and predictive information produced by genomic sequencing may impact medical management, and it is critical that providers and institutions are able to use this information appropriately for patient care. Guided by the patient‐centered care model, we investigated provider perspectives of patient, provider, and system‐level factors that could influence the implementation of genomic medicine within the integrated healthcare system of the US Department of Defense (DOD). The purpose of this study was to explore patient‐centered care elements related to the application of genomic sequencing in a military healthcare facility to understand the current capability and key gaps for patient‐centered genomic medicine. Twenty DOD healthcare providers were interviewed regarding their past experiences and future expectations of genetics and genomics. These semi‐structured interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. All providers interviewed had some experience with genetics, but the level of experience varied greatly. Providers reported widely differing degrees of knowledge and confidence regarding genetics and about military‐specific policies regarding genetics which varied by specialty. In addition, most providers stated that their department did not currently have the infrastructure to allow for the care of patients with secondary genetic findings, defined as genetic findings which are intentionally examined because of their importance to healthcare management, but are unrelated to the reason the individual underwent sequencing. This study reveals gaps in key elements of patient‐centered care related to genomic medicine that may be helpful to address in future implementation efforts.
Nucleic acid and SNP detection via template‐directed native chemical ligation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Lores Lareo Pablo , Linscheid Michael W. , Seitz Oliver
Published: June 2019

Detection of nucleic acids and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is of pivotal importance in biology and medicine. Given that the biological effect of SNPs often is enhanced in combination with other SNPs, multiplexed SNP detection is desirable. We show proof of concept of the multiplexed detection of SNPs based on the template‐directed native chemical ligation (NCL) of PNA‐probes carrying a metal tag allowing detection using ICP‐MS. For the detection of ssDNA oligonucleotides (30 bases), two probes, one carrying the metal tag and a second one carrying biotin for purification, are covalently ligated. The methodological limit of detection is of 29 pM with RSD of 6.7% at 50 pM (n = 5). Detection of SNPs is performed with the combination of two sets of reporter probes. The first probe set targets the SNP, and its yield is compared with a second set of probes targeting a neighboring sequence. The assay was used to simultaneously differentiate between alleles of three SNPs at 5‐nM concentration.
Multi‐century trends to wetter winters and drier summers in the England and Wales precipitation series explained by observational and sampling bias in early records
Authors: Murphy Conor , Wilby Robert L. , Matthews Tom K. R. , Thorne Peter , Broderick Ciaran , Fealy Rowan , Hall Julia , Harrigan Shaun , Jones Phil , McCarthy Gerard , MacDonald Neil , Noone Simon , Ryan Ciara
Published: June 2019

Globally, few precipitation records extend to the 18th century. The England Wales Precipitation (EWP) series is a notable exception with continuous monthly records from 1766. EWP has found widespread use across diverse fields of research including trend detection, evaluation of climate model simulations, as a proxy for mid‐latitude atmospheric circulation, a predictor in long‐term European gridded precipitation data sets, the assessment of drought and extremes, tree‐ring reconstructions and as a benchmark for other regional series. A key finding from EWP has been the multi‐centennial trends towards wetter winters and drier summers. We statistically reconstruct seasonal EWP using independent, quality‐assured temperature, pressure and circulation indices. Using a sleet and snow series for the UK derived by Profs. Gordon Manley and Elizabeth Shaw to examine winter reconstructions, we show that precipitation totals for pre‐1870 winters are likely biased low due to gauge under‐catch of snowfall and a higher incidence of snowfall during this period. When these factors are accounted for in our reconstructions, the observed trend to wetter winters in EWP is no longer evident. For summer, we find that pre‐1820 precipitation totals are too high, likely due to decreasing network density and less certain data at key stations. A significant trend to drier summers is not robustly present in our reconstructions of the EWP series. While our findings are more certain for winter than summer, we highlight (a) that extreme caution should be exercised when using EWP to make inferences about multi‐centennial trends, and; (b) that assessments of 18th and 19th Century winter precipitation should be aware of potential snow biases in early records. Our findings underline the importance of continual re‐appraisal of established long‐term climate data sets as new evidence becomes available. It is also likely that the identified biases in winter EWP have distorted many other long‐term European precipitation series.
Consumer motivation for product disposal and its role in acquiring products for reuse
Authors: Simpson Dayna , Power Damien , Riach Kathleen , Tsarenko Yelena
Published: June 2019

Product reuse is most profitable where manufacturers acquire used products in the best possible condition—near new and with little wear and tear. This requires consumers, however, to dispose of products that still work and may still be in use. Prior scholarship on acquiring consumer products for reuse focuses on consumer “returns”—products consumers find fault with, or bought in error. These, however, are a fraction of all products sold to consumers and available for reuse. Importantly, returns are motivated by a different set of factors, than product “disposal.” We explore how psychological ownership influences consumer disposal of reusable products. Across three studies of Australian consumers, we found two psychological tendencies (attachment and frugality) increased product retention. We also found, that infrequent product use, and emotional reward, could weaken ownership and encourage disposal of products that are attractive for reuse. To our knowledge, no behavioral studies in the product acquisition literature deal with consumers before or during product disposal. We highlight a role for consumers in product acquisition, as well as contribute to the consumer psychology and mental accounting literature, and identify significant opportunity for manufacturers to leverage consumers' psychological tendencies to improve the collection of reusable products.
A 5291‐ppi organic light‐emitting diode display using field‐effect transistors including a c‐axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor
Authors: Katsui Shuichi , Kobayashi Hidetomo , Nakagawa Takashi , Tamatsukuri Yuki , Shishido Hideaki , Uesaka Shogo , Yamaoka Ryohei , Nagata Takaaki , Aoyama Tomoya , Nei Kosei , Okazaki Yutaka , Ikeda Takayuki , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2019

C‐axis‐aligned crystalline‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor (CAAC‐OS FET) can be scaled down to a width and a length of 60 nm. We fabricated an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display with more than 5000 ppi, which is required in virtual reality (VR) display applications, using CAAC‐OS FETs as the backplane.
Examining medical tourists' intention to visit a tourist destination: Application of an extended MEDTOUR scale in a cosmetic tourism context
Authors: Liang Lena Jingen , Choi Hwansuk Chris , Joppe Marion , Lee Woojin
Published: June 2019

Behavioral studies of medical tourists are still limited despite a recent and rapid boom in both the business and academic fields. In 2011, Martin, Ramamonjiarivelo, and Martin proposed their MEDTOUR scale to better understand medical tourists' intention to seek treatment overseas. However, the scale has not been validated through application in a different context to date. The present study aims to fill this gap by examining its reliability and applying it in an extended model with perceived risk and perceived benefit. Based on the results of the data collected from Chinese adults, the MEDTOUR scale achieved an acceptable level of factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity. Support was confirmed for all hypotheses with a relatively weak relation between perceived risk and attitude, as well as perceived behavioral control and behavior intention. This study's findings fully support the prediction of behavior intention to travel to a foreign country for medical treatment and provides some useful findings to help medical tourism marketers and hospitals in developing their strategies.
Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease: Impact on Outcomes
Authors: Ooi Poh Hwa , Hager Amber , Mazurak Vera C. , Dajani Khaled , Bhargava Ravi , Gilmour Susan M. , Mager Diana R.
Published: June 2019

Malnutrition is a common complication in patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) awaiting liver transplantation (LT). Malnutrition and sarcopenia overlap in etiology and outcomes, with sarcopenia being defined as reduced skeletal muscle mass and muscle function. The purpose of this review was to identify the prevalence of sarcopenia with and without obesity in adults and children with ESLD and to assess the methodological considerations in sarcopenia diagnosis and the association of sarcopenia with pre‐ and post‐LT outcomes. A total of 38 articles (35 adult and 3 pediatric articles) retrieved from PubMed or Web of Science databases were included. In adults, the prevalence rates of pre‐LT sarcopenia, pre‐LT sarcopenic obesity (SO), post‐LT sarcopenia, and post‐LT SO were 14%‐78%, 2%‐42%, 30%‐100%, and 88%, respectively. Only 2 adult studies assessed muscle function in patients diagnosed with sarcopenia. The presence of pre‐LT sarcopenia is associated with higher wait‐list mortality, greater postoperative mortality, higher infection risk and postoperative complications, longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and ventilator dependency. The emerging pediatric data suggest that sarcopenia is prevalent in pre‐ and post‐LT periods. In 1 pediatric study, sarcopenia was associated with poor growth, longer perioperative length of stay (total/ICU) and ventilator dependency, and increased rehospitalization in children after LT. In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of sarcopenia in adults and children with ESLD. Sarcopenia is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The present review is limited by heterogeneity in the definition of sarcopenia and in the methodological approaches in assessing sarcopenia. Future studies are needed to standardize the sarcopenia diagnosis and muscle function assessment, particularly in the pediatric population, to enable early identification and treatment of sarcopenia in adults and children with ESLD.
Amino Acid–Substituted Dextran‐Based Non‐Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery
Authors: Zink Matthias , Hotzel Konrad , Schubert Ulrich S. , Heinze Thomas , Fischer Dagmar
Published: June 2019

To form bio‐inspired non‐viral vectors for DNA delivery, the polysaccharide dextran is allowed to react with Boc‐amino protected amino acids glycine, β‐alanine, and L‐lysine activated with 1,1’‐carbonyldiimidazole and subsequent dextran ester deprotection. A library of such dextran esters is made available to investigate the relationship between polymer structure, complex formation, stability, toxicity, and transfection. Only dextran esters of β‐alanine and L‐lysine are able to efficiently interact with DNA as shown by dye exclusion assays, to form nanosized complexes (70–110 nm) with positive zeta potential. With increasing substitution degree and complex charge ratios, the L‐lysine esters accomplish more effective binding and protection of DNA against enzymatic degradation than β‐alanine esters. However, luciferase reporter gene assays reveal higher transfection for β‐alanine than for L‐lysine esters due to a more effective DNA release and better suited buffing area of the amino groups triggering the endosomal release. Conclusively, β‐alanine‐substituted dextran derivatives may serve as promising non‐viral vectors.
The role of FOXO3 polymorphisms in susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Chinese population
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Yuhe , Wang Li , He Xue , He Yongjun , Bai Mei , Zhu Linhao , Zheng Jianwen , Yuan Dongya , Jin Tianbo
Published: June 2019

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant worldwide health problem, and is caused by Mycobacteria tuberculosis. Recent studies have suggested that FOXO3 plays vital roles in the risk of immune–related infectious diseases such as TB.

Methods and Results

The present study aimed to evaluate FOXO3 genetic variants and TB risk. We recruited 510 TB patients and 508 healthy controls in this study. All subjects were genotyped with the Agena MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression adjusted for age and gender. Our result revealed that rs3800229 T/G and rs4946935 G/A genotypes significantly increased the risk of TB (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.04–1.74, p = 0.026; OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.03–1.73, p = 0.029, respectively). In stratified analysis according to gender and age, we observed that rs3800229 T/G and rs4946935 G/A genotypes were associated with an increase the risk of TB among males and age ≤41 years, respectively (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.06–2.04, p = 0.022 and OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.05–2.02, p = 0.025).

Conclusions

Our study showed that rs3800229 and rs4946935 in FOXO3 were associated with a risk of TB in the Chinese population.
A dichotomy result about Hessenberg matrices associated with measures in the unit circle
Authors: Escribano Carmen , Gonzalo Raquel , Torrano Emilio
Published: June 2019

We characterize Hessenberg matrices D associated with measures in the unit circle ν, which are matrix representations of compact and actually Hilbert Schmidt perturbations of the forward shift operator as those with recursion coefficients
verifying
, ie, associated with measures verifying Szegö condition. As a consequence, we obtain the following dichotomy result for Hessenberg matrices associated with measures in the unit circle: either D=SR+K2 with K2, a Hilbert Schmidt matrix, or there exists an unitary matrix U and a diagonal matrix Λ such that
with K2, a Hilbert Schmidt matrix. Moreover, we prove that for 1 ≤ p ≤ 2, if
, then D=SR+Kp with Kp an absolutely p summable matrix inducing an operator in the p Schatten class. Some applications are given to classify measures on the unit circle.