bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dona Barbara, from an Amazon Ogress to a Loving Mother: A Tale of Revenge and Love
Authors: Adhikari Bam Dev
Published: June 2021

Venezuelan novelist Romulo Gallegos’ novel Dona Barbara (1929) is set in Venezuelan llanos and it depicts the conflict between barbarism and civilization that is represented by the figure of an amazon ogress and the figure of a good mother of the same woman named Dona Barbara. The specific setting of the novel, the Altamira ranch is a huge estate in the wildest section of the Arauca River basin of Venezuela, a ranch that was established early in the history of the country’s cattle business. Altamira gets neglected by its owner for years until Santos Luzardo, the successor of the ranch, a lawyer and a Ph. D. from the University of Carcass arrives there and tries to set the anarchy in order. On the other hand, the Altamira ranch borders the El Miedo ranch, owned by a ruthless woman, an amazon named Dona Barbara, who becomes the owner of the ranch by the use of tricks and treachery. Dona Barbara tries to expand her ranch by trespassing the neighboring ranches with the forces of witchcraft, superstition and deceit. As Skurski calls her, “a personification of rural despotism” (617), she rules the llanos for pelf and power with revenge from men as her central motive. Brian Gollnick comments on this conflict as “Santos Luzardo triumphing through a plan to rationalize territorial organization and agriculture under an enlightened authority which contrasts to Dona Barbara’s black magic and despotic charisma” (450). Thus, the novel establishes two lines, in the beginning, the line of civilization represented by Santos Luzardo and the line of barbarism represented by Dona Barbara. The novelist has associated the line of barbarism with the ogress figure and civilization with the mother figure of the same woman, Dona Barbara.
Environmental Awareness: An Advocacy of The Mahabharat
Authors: Magar Narayan Bahadur
Published: June 2021

The sublimation or the deterioration of the Earth depends on how the humans act over the natural world. The Mahabharata, an ancient Sanskrit literary text, reveals a way to the modern human as to treat with the natural phenomena. The degraded environment of the present more or less depends on how the human takes the natural world. This paper uses the Mahabharata, an English translation by Kisari Mohan Ganguli to analyze the text from ecological perspective. The researcher envisions the human relationship with the natural world in the epic through the concept of spiritual ecology.
Human and Nature Nexus
Authors: Chitrakar Raju
Published: June 2021

‘Human being is the master of nature,’ is the long established axiom. This paper presents contrary argument from this. It claims that as human being is not master of nature, but one of its member species, and hence is subservient to it. The sooner humans understand this, and mould their conducts accordingly, the more they are likely to get peace, stability and development in the true worth. Hence, humans have to establish coping relationship with nature, not dominating one.

To achieve the goal of establishing human and nature nexus, I first bring a case of the destruction of nature in Nepal and its side effects to the villagers. Then I present historical context of human and nature relationships. After that alternative ecocentric practices are presented. I draw conclusion from these.
The Equation of Iconography of Cracking Bodies in Bapsi Sidhwa's Cracking India
Authors: GC Saroj
Published: June 2021

Lenny, a young Parsi girl coming of age at the time of Partition and independence, in Sidhwa’s novel Cracking India, says “there is no space for us in Queen’s Garden”. She basically refers to the literal space— the lack of space to accommodate herself and other friends in the Garden, for it is being crowded because of increasing communal violence. However, Lenny’s literality of questioning the space cannot be taken for granted. This voice of the innocent, Lenny triggers prominent thematic content in social-cultural context of Partition. If her search for space is seen in broad spectrum of Partition violence of 1947 in India, she as representative of both female figures and the neutral and the marginalized people, is seeking more significant space in context of Partition violence; it is a search for the space for female in nationalist discourse. The search, by the same token, corresponds with the objective and the rhetoric of Sidhwa— questioning the historiography of nationalist discourse. Looking from this perspective, space is not just literal one. Additionally, the “Queen’s Garden” becomes metonymic manifestation of the project of empire, or cultural mission of colonization, and the subsequent consequence, nationalism.
Election, 2017
Authors: Aryal Khem K.
Published: June 2021

No abstract available.
The Superb and the Awesome: Animals in Muna-Madan
Authors: Devkota Padma
Published: June 2021

From the earliest cave painting to the most recent human expressions, both real and fantasized animals have continued to haunt our memory and imagination. Such animals have found their metaphoric, symbolic or metonymic equivalents in our ways of thinking about culture and have largely populated all genres of literature including fables and allegories. They are today invariably tied to our thoughts, motivations and feelings in ways that demand our concern. While we have hunted them or captured and domesticated them for our use, we have also distanced them as inferior beings or stopped to question our own moral superiority over them. However, we have not stopped marveling at the variety and beauty of the animal kingdom with an emotional entanglement which transmutes the wild and dangerous into superb and awesome creations that fill us with wonder and respect. I aim to dwell upon this emotional entanglement to study how Laxmi Prasad Devkota populates his long narrative poem, Muna-Madan, with animals and, in the process, show how these animals reflect the delightful and the tragic mood of the poem.
Nepalese Women in Politics: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Gurung Omi
Published: June 2021

Philosophically women are like goddesses but in practice, there are some misinterpretations in Nepal. Women have been designated secondary to their male counterparts, especially in the decision-making process, be it at the family level or community level, or the national/ international political context. To find out the opportunities and challenges of women in politics in Nepal, the study has selected purposively 15 leading women of Nepalese political parties. The qualitative data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and interview.  Equity for females in the political arena has been discussed quite a lot, and in Nepal too this is a burning issue. The legal instruments, including the Constitution, have the provision for bringing in female participation in the state-level process. But the roles and participation of women in the decision-making process are considerable.
Comparative perceptual evaluation and acoustic voice analysis of a transgender client male to female before and after laser-assisted voice adjustment surgery
Authors: Varošanec-Škarić Gordana , Stevanović Siniša , Bašić Iva
Published: June 2021

In this study, we examined changes in the voice quality of a transgender client who had previously undergone male-to-female (MtF) transition. We conducted a longitudinal phonetic analysis after obtaining recordings from our client before and after undergoing laser-assisted voice adjustment (LAVA) surgery. The following acoustic parameters were compared: fundamental frequency (F0) measures, local jitter, shimmer, harmonic to noise ratio, phonation time, and long-term average spectrum. We assumed that the voice would not change significantly as a result of previous hormonal and vocal therapy, and that its timbre would be closer to female values after LAVA surgery. Since the client was on hormone therapy before the surgery, the average values of F0 corresponded to the values of a normal female voice (190.1 Hz), and, after surgery, the voice became significantly higher in phonation (235.6 Hz). Before surgery, the voice was high for a male voice during reading (mean F0 = 150.19 Hz for non-fricative text (NT) and mean F0 = 158.06 Hz for fricative text (FT)). After surgery, the voice exhibited higher F0 values (F0 = 184.72 Hz for NT and F0 = 191.87 Hz for FT). Before surgery, the voice was average high for a male voice during spontaneous speech (F0 = 119.90 Hz), while after surgery the F0 was 161.33 Hz during spontaneous speech, which is somewhat lower than the average pitch values of the female voice, but its timbral quality is more feminine. Since spontaneous speech is very important for comparison vocal timbre, we can conclude that the 42 Hz difference observed is notable.
Although the minimal and maximal values of F0 based on phonation were significantly higher after surgery (p < 0.001), the range was limited. The total results of the F0 measures are higher than expected, while the shortened phonation time points to the need for voice therapy. Considering all our results, we can conclude that it is important to discuss a client’s profession before considering LAVA surgery.
Attitudes of education and rehabilitation students towards individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Nikolić Milena
Published: June 2021

The attitudes of education and rehabilitation students towards people with intellectual disabilities are very important, because they aim to be future professionals who will provide educational and rehabilitation treatment to these people, as well as advocates for their rights and needs. This study aimed to analyse the attitudes of students towards people with intellectual disabilities and to determine whether their attitudes differed based on self assessments and sources of knowledge about intellectual disabilities, ways of getting to know a person with intellectual disabilities, and number of years of education. The study involved 100 students undergoing their first cycle of studies at the Faculty for Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla. The Mental Retardation Attitude Inventory-Revised (MRAI-R) and a general questionnaire were used in this study. The results show that students express positive attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities, they are positive about educational integration of these people, and respect their rights. They do not express to need to socially distance from them and do not attribute unfavourable characteristics to these people. There were no differences in attitudes based on self-assessments of knowledge and the sources of knowledge about intellectual disabilities, or the way in which they got to know a person with intellectual disabilities. There was a significant difference in attitudes based on the number of years of education: fourth-year students were observed to express the highest degree of positive attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities globally and towards the integration of these people in society, and they expressed the lowest level of social distance. Given the small sample of research subjects, as well as the fact that the study involved students of one education and rehabilitation faculty. in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the results obtained and the conclusions derived from them should be considered with caution. Future research should include a larger sample of education and rehabilitation students to verify the results obtained in this study.
Developmental language disorder and associated misconceptions
Authors: Matić Ana , Kuvač Kraljević Jelena , Kogovšek Damjana , Novšak Brce Jerneja , Roch Maja
Published: June 2021

Although developmental language disorder (DLD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, it is often burdened by misconceptions since the general public are unaware of the features of this disorder. Insufficient levels of public awareness and knowledge about DLD highlight the need to adopt appropriate public awareness activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential misconceptions associated with the aetiology and recovery of people with DLD in three neighbouring countries - Croatia, Italy, and Slovenia. Additionally, we explored effective ways to promote the spread of accurate information among the public in order to minimise or eliminate false ideas about DLD. To address these specific aims, a public survey was conducted. It was completed by 287 respondents (ages 18 to 60+) with different educational backgrounds (primary and secondary or higher). The results show that the general public in all three countries are misinformed about DLD and hold strong opinions that it is a temporary condition that occurs in childhood, probably as a result of other developmental conditions, and that it will pass either spontaneously or with hard work and proper education. Moreover, the optimal way to increase awareness about DLD was dependent on the age and level of education of the person. Therefore, promoters (ideally researchers and clinicians) must apply specific activities when they target specific groups of people, or use different forms of dissemination activities to reach the broader public, regardless of age and education. The findings reveal a significant lack of knowledge about DLD among the general public and highlight the need for continued awareness campaigns that can target specific groups of people.
THE NATURE OF FORMATION OF A FRANCHISING FROM OF DOING BUSINESS
Authors: Prysvitla Oksana
Published: June 2021

In conditions of today's globalization, franchising is one of the most successful forms of doing business. Global companies carry out their activities in different countries around the world and have a significant impact on the formation of international economic relations. In many countries around the world, where franchising has already become widespread, it is seen as a new, progressive system of business establishment and business relations that meet the needs of today's market.

The article analyzes the nature of franchising, theoretical and practical aspects of franchising as an effective form of cooperation between a franchisor who owns a successful business and a franchisee who receives a permission to use the franchisor's business scheme for a fee, for a some period of time, it examines  the history of emergence of such a phenomenon as franchising. Franchising should be seen as an economic relationship between independent businesses entities that involves the contractual delegation of intellectual property rights, the provision of intellectual business resources, and the constant  specialization and cooperation of  efforts of these entities aiming to ensure their market competitiveness and development.

It is found out that the subjects of franchising relations expect for a kind of exchange: they agree on a certain restriction of their rights, the transfer of certain resources in exchange of additional opportunities in their competitiveness. It is proved that franchising promotes the trend of standardization, namely, spreads certain standards of doing business and production technologies, creates opportunities for receiving the  economies of scale, forms and replicates certain standards of consumption and economic lifestyle.

The main problems of development of this form of innovative business in Ukraine have been determined, as research has shown, as the system of obstacle factors, which  are  created by factors of institutional support, economic factors, socio-psychological factors, infrastructural factors. The essence of becoming a franchise form of business.
PLANNING OF RESOURCE CONSUMPTION INDICATORS
Authors: Shepel Nataliia , Voronina Alevtina
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of effective management of resource consumption processes at industrial enterprises in the conditions of economic instability and financial crisis. In the course of the research the current state of development of methods and tools of resource management processes of economic entities of Ukraine is considered. The components of the formation of the process of resource consumption management at industrial enterprises are identified and negative trends in the field of resource consumption management are identified. As a result of the study, recommendations for stabilization of resource consumption processes by using all the principles of building complex processes are developed. A qualitatively new approach to planning the level of resource consumption of industrial enterprises as a whole and by stages of its course is formulated.
Professor Erazm Majewski
Authors: Kozłowski Stefan Karol
Published: June 2021

The article is dedicated to the first professor of prehistory at the University of Warsaw, Erazm Majewski, and his two students, Leon Kozłowski and Stefan Krukowski.
Evolution of rectangular and triangular initial beam profiles in positive Kerr local medium
Authors: Hesami M. , Avazpour M. , Méndez Otero M. M. , Rodríguez J. Jesús Arriaga
Published: June 2021

The hyperbolic secant (Sech) shape, as the initial beam profile, is the well-know profile that compensates the diffraction and self-focusing effect during propagation in Kerr medium, and evolves as the bright spatial soliton. The Sech beam can be confined in the Kerr medium andinduces its own waveguide. In this work, two initial beam profiles, rectangular and triangular functions, that are different than Sech profile, are considered, and the propagation of these beam profiles in third-order nonlinear (Kerr) medium is investigated. As a result, the initialbeam-width played an important role in confining the beam profiles in direction of propagation. In addition, the intensity profiles change to the Sech profile after some initial step of propagation. All the calculations and simulations have been done by the Split-Step numericalmethod with MATLAB program.
VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DO FEIJOEIRO, EM FUNÇÃO DE LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO
Authors: Neves Jéssica Carvalho Borges , Santana Márcio José de , Fernandes André Luís Teixeira , Assis Matheus Pereira de , Kempen Jan Cornelis Van
Published: June 2021

A adubação nitrogenada e a irrigação são manejos necessários determinantes para uma boa produtividade. É necessário evitar o uso indiscriminado de adubos e dos recursos hídricos, utilizando técnicas agronômicas que diminuem os impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais. O estudo sobre a viabilidade econômica do feijoeiro é importante para definir gastos futuros, minimizar utilização de recursos naturais e aumentar a produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar economicamente a produção de feijão (cultivar BRSMG Majestoso) sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação e doses de adubação nitrogenada. O experimento foi conduzido no Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro – Campus Uberaba. Foram utilizados quatro níveis de déficits de água no solo (15, 30, 45% e um fator sem déficit hídrico) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1), com quatro repetições, em blocos casualizados. Foram realizadas análises da eficiência econômica da lâmina de água e do custo de produção de feijão em função da adubação nitrogenada. Após estudo dos déficits, tanto a lâmina ótima econômica (446,6 mm) quanto a lâmina física (448,9 mm) encontradas, foram semelhantes e proporcionaram produtividades similares. O maior rendimento bruto foi de R$ 7.653,99 quando aplicado 100 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio.
Palavras-chave: água; déficit; adubação; Phaseolus vulgaris L.; economia.
 
Economic viability of bean, under irrigation blades and nitrogen doses
 
ABSTRACT: Nitrogen fertilization and irrigation are necessary management determinants for good productivity. It is necessary to avoid the indiscriminate use of fertilizers and water resources, using agronomic techniques that reduce socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The study on the economic viability of beans is important to define future spending, minimize the use of natural resources and increase production. The objective of this study was to economically evaluate the production of beans (cultivar BRSMG Majestoso) under different irrigation depths and nitrogen fertilization doses. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Triângulo Mineiro - Campus Uberaba. Four levels of soil water deficits (15, 30, 45% and one without water deficit) and four nitrogen doses (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) were used, with four replications, in randomized blocks. Analyzes of the economic efficiency of the water depth and the cost of bean production were carried out as a function of nitrogen fertilization. After studying the deficits, both the economic optimum blade (446.6 mm) and the physical blade (448.9 mm) found were similar and provided similar productivity. The highest gross yield was R$ 7,653.99 when 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen was applied.
Keywords: water; deficit; fertilizing; Phaseolus vulgaris L.; economy.
Güneş Pilleri Uygulamalarında Kullanılan Organik Tabanlı Schottky Diyotlarında İyonize Radyasyonun Aygıt Parametrelerine Etkisi
Authors: KARADENİZ Serdar , BARIŞ Behzad , KARADENİZ Hande , BİLGE OCAK Sema , SELÇUK Akil Birkan
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada, organik araüzeyli Schottky yapısına iyonize radyasyonun etkileri araştırılmıştır. Hazırlanan metal/koronen/n-Si Schottky yapılar, değişik dozlarda gama radyasyonuna maruz bırakılmış ve bu yapıların ışınlama öncesi ve sonrası performans parametrelerindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Organik arayüzey tabaka olarak koronen malzemesi kullanılmıştır. Arayüzey malzemesi döndürme ile kaplama tekniği kullanılarak, değişik kimyasal yöntemlerle temizlenmiş olan n-tipi silisyum tabanlar üzerine ince film olarak kaplanmıştır. Yapıların radyasyon öncesi ve sonrası elektriksel karakteristiklerindeki değişimler karanlık ortamda ve oda sıcaklığında I-V, C-V ve G-V ölçüm teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir
Tubal Stump Ectopic: A Case Report on Repeat Ipsilateral Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Rahim Maryam , Rahim Maryam , Aggarwal Shikha
Published: June 2021

Background: Tubal Stump Ectopic is an infrequent event with critical obstetrical consequences. A case is
illustrated from Northern Ireland in which an ectopic pregnancy was discovered in the tubal stump
previously undergone salpingectomy.
Case Facts: A 34-year-old woman (G2 E1) with a tubal stump ectopic of a previous cornual excision two
years prior, presented to EPAU complaining of mild abdominal pain and 6 weeks amenorrhoea. She was
clinically stable (β-hCG 1407 mIU/mL), while TVUS revealed no evidence of IUP or adnexal mass but
fluid in the Pouch of Douglas. Laparoscopic salpingectomy was performed after a diagnosis of tubal stump
ectopic.
Inference: Women who has had a previously ectopic pregnancy are at a significantly greater probability of
relapse. To correctly and quickly identify the implanted location, a TVUS should be conducted.
Laparoscopic diagnostic salpingectomy should be performed through excision by diathermy to prevent the
risk of EP in the tubal stump.
TRANSCARPATHIAN EDUCATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF DIALECT ATTITUDE
Authors: Dudics Lakatos Kateryna , Libak Natalia
Published: June 2021

Most of the pupils who go to school speak the language version they have learned at home and only during the teaching process acquire the standard version of the spoken language. That is why it is extremely important that any negative, unpleasant experience should not be connected to the primary language version, as the only basis, building onwhich, mother tongue teaching can be effective.

In our study, based on the data from a repeated questionnaire collection, we would like to illustrate what do the teachers of the Transcarpathian secondary schools with the Hungarian language of instruction think about the non-standard versions and theirs speakers. In 2008, 150 teachers responded to the questions about a language and dialect attitude, and in 2018, the same questionnaire was completed by 100 colleagues online or on paper basis. In the study, we used the SPSS statistical processing program, so it turns out whether there has been a significant change in the perception of dialects in the last 10 years in the studied community. After all, the teaching of Hungarian as a mother tongue was reformed during this period, and the curriculum also gave priority to the issue of mother tongue’ version and communication competence.

Based on the partial results of the repeated study, we can state that in the past 10 years the opinion of Transcarpathian teachers of secondary schools with the Hungarian language of instruction has changed in a positive direction.There was a higher proportion of responses suggesting an additive approach mediated by the formal curriculum than in 2008. Nevertheless, the explanatory answers received in addition to the more positive statistics still show a trace of the previous approach: the linguistic and dialectal consciousness of the majority of the respondents is far from definite and confident.There are a number of stereotypes in seemingly benign but rather forgiving writings that take longer to undress.However, it is clear that the reform of mother tongue education has an impact, even a positive one.

In order to be even more effective, the mother-tongue education in Transcarpathia must follow this way. Therefore, it is important that teachers who teach in both Ukrainian and minority languages show a definite and objective attitude towards their pupils in addition to/despite the changing mother tongue curricula and inconsistent textbooks that do not meet local needs.
CONSTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS OF GERMAN AND HUNGARIAN IDIOMS
Authors: Lechner Ilona
Published: June 2021

The subject of the study is the examination of figurative meaning in Hungarian and German. In the present study, I present the interpretation of figurative meaning within the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics by analysing idiomatic expressions in Hungarian and German on the example of the concept of ‘time’. In this contrastive research, I primarily look for the answer to how ordinary people use cognitive tools to grasp intangible abstract concepts such as ‘time’ and what connections can be observed between literal and figurative meaning.
The examined Hungarian and German idioms are the linguistic manifestations of the conceptual metaphor time is money (valuable resource). The study aims to support the assumption that in any language an abstract meaning can only be expressed with a figurative meaning.
Time is an abstract concept that is present in the everyday language use of all people. The expressions time passes, the time is here, my time has come, it takes a lot of time – to mention just a few, have become so conventionalized in our language that we take their meaning literally. Nonetheless, they are based on conventional conceptual metaphors that we use to make the concept of time more tangible to ourselves. The linguistic manifestations of these conceptual metaphors are created and understood without any mental strain.
In the first stage of the research, I searched for possible German equivalents of Hungarian expressions, and then I used Internet search engines and idiom and monolingual dictionaries to select the most frequently used equivalent in German. As a next step, I examined 1) the word form, 2) the literal meaning, 3) the figurative meaning, and 4) the conceptual metaphor of idioms in both languages, which were either been identical or different. Because they are different languages, the word forms are inherently different. At the end of the study, I compared the formed patterns from which I drew conclusions, which support that figurative meaning is figurative in another language as well.
INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC VOCABULARY AS PART OF THE REGISTER OF THE «MOSCOW-UKRAINIAN DICTIONARY» BY VICTOR DUBROVSKYI
Authors: Tomilenko Liudmyla
Published: June 2021

The article covers the study of industry-specific vocabulary in Ukrainian translated lexicography of the early twentieth century (post-revolutionary era). The analysis is based on the “Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary” (1918) written by V. Dubrovskyi. Sector-specific vocabulary in the analyzed source has its remarks as most lexicographical works have. We selected all marked units with the help of a specially created lexicographic system. The previously published article has its detailed description. The studied material thus, counts around 4 % of industry-specific words.

According to our calculations, the most numerically predominant dictionary units are the units of both biology (including botanical, zoological and anatomical terms) and medicine.

The most numerous nomenclature is the botanical one. To one Russian word, we can find multiple Ukrainian equivalents including various dialectal, regional, folk names, etc. Generally speaking, synonymy is a prevailing phenomenon to many fields of knowledge.

The zoological nomenclature is quite frequent in the analyzed dictionary too. There are many names of animals (mostly non-local) that cannot be found in the Ukrainian language today. They are absent in modern lexicographical works too. Many of them even cannot be found in the dictionaries of the post-revolutionary era.

Many little-known, colloquial, dialectal and even stylistically reduced names are can be found in the field of anatomy. Numerous names of diseases that are recorded in the “Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary” are not part of the common medical terminology.

Comparing to the above mentioned fields, the analyzed work presents fewer terms from the field of grammar, mineralogy, mathematics, chemistry, music, military affairs, and technology. The biggest number of words that belong to the modern Ukrainian scientific language can be found in the fields of grammar, mathematics and chemistry.

Few single terms that were mentioned in the dictionary belong to such sciences as veterinary medicine, hunting, construction, etc.

Consequently, the “Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary” contains a number of industry-specific vocabulary that is not registered in the modern Ukrainian scientific language. Moreover, synonymy is considered to be a prevailing phenomenon, despite being not typically used in all industries. Largely as a result of the analysis made, the author indeed desires to choose Ukrainian terms that would be as different as possible from the Russian equivalents.
GERMANISMS AND THEIR ADAPTATION IN ENGLISH (BASED ON MATERIALS OF SOCIO-POLITICAL SPHERE AND SPHERE OF ECONOMY)
Authors: Sheverun Nadiia , Leitsius Halyna , Mozhova Yaroslava
Published: June 2021

The article deals with Germanisms and their adaptation in English on materials of socio-political sphere and sphere of economy. The role and place of foreign borrowings in the lexical structure of the English language are determined. It was found out that the role of borrowings (loan-words) in different languages is different and depends on the specific conditions of development of each language. The borrowing rate in English is much higher than in other languages. In English, compared to other languages, it was possible to borrow foreign words in direct contact: first with foreign conquerors, who constantly replaced each other in the British Isles, and later due to trade expansion and colonial activity of the British themselves.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF GOVERNANCE IN THE DIGITAL ERA: A DEVELOPING NATION’S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kashyap Ankit , Jonjua Mehak
Published: June 2021

‗The best argument against democracy is a five- minute conversation with the average voter‘ is a famous quote by Winston Churchill. The statement also indicates the success or failure in any form of government depends primarily on voters and not on parties or politicians. The sustenance of a government in a democratic set up and in the age of anti-incumbency is viable only if it has the mandate. The current government in the territory of India is thriving despite a strong effort by the opposition to come together and stand against the government. The last two Lok Sabha elections held in 2014 and 2019 in India has been exemplary from the perspective that it has largely been Bhartiya Janata Party versus all other political parties, unlike the previous election where there has been contest between ruling and opposition parties. This paper aims to review the functioning of the incumbent government in last five years from manifesto till its implementation. The paper also aims to review the different policies launched by the government and their outcome. The paper will also examine how the government took some landmark decisions that witnessed mass protest and may prove fatal in times to come.
IMPACT OF FAKE NEWS AND MYTHS RELATED TO COVID-19
Authors: Kabha Robin , Kamel Ahmed Mostafa , Elbahi Moataz , Dawood Hafiz Abdu Mohamed , Dafri Wided
Published: June 2021

With the advent of the internet and the subsequent increase in use and accessibility, the social media networks have particularly emphasised in terms of the news being shred online. However, this has caused a drastic change in the assessment and obtaining of the real information. Hence, this paper has aimed to assess the impacts of fake news and myths regarding the novel Covid-19 pandemic. Through the systematic review of the related studies and support through relevant literature, the findings of the research include various harmful impacts of the notion. This ranges from small impacts such as spread of misinformation to more sinister impacts such as the wrongful utilisation of drugs for curing the disease. Moreover, the paper also mentions the various motives behind the spread of such false information, primarily fuelled by collecting monetary benefits in terms of digital marketing, etc. Overall, the study concludes the impacts of spread of fake news and myths are generally harmful to the public at large. In addition, some recommendations for future hedging against the notion and future studies have also been make.
РОЗВИТОК В УЧНІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ: ІСТОРИКО-КРАЄЗНАВЧИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Опушко Надія
Published: June 2021

The upbringing of the younger generation should be based on the ethnocultural revival and development of both the Ukrainian people and other ethnic groups living in Ukraine, providing them with ample opportunities to learn about their history, traditions, customs, language, culture, national sense of national dignity. In its forms and methods, it is based on folk traditions, the best achievements of national and world pedagogy. Realization of these tasks is possible by studying historical experience, in particular, in the field of education, on materials of local lore researches. After all, the legacy of the past is a rich source of information for the education of national and patriotic consciousness in the younger generation. This article analyzes the historical and local lore aspect of the importance of educational and methodological literature in educational institutions of Podillya in the first half of the XIX century, for the formation of the younger generation of national identity; the material support of libraries and visual filling of educational process in schools of the region are investigated. This material is presented as one of the options for conducting extracurricular activities in the form of a historical and local lore circle.
Existing clinical evidence on the use of cellular bone matrix grafts in spinal fusion: updated systematic review of the literature
Authors: Darveau Spencer C. , Leary Owen P. , Persad-Paisley Elijah M. , Shaaya Elias A. , Oyelese Adetokunbo A. , Fridley Jared S. , Sampath Prakash , Camara-Quintana Joaquin Q. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Niu Tianyi
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

Spinal fusion surgery is increasingly common; however, pseudarthrosis remains a common complication affecting as much as 15% of some patient populations. Currently, no clear consensus on the best bone graft materials to use exists. Recent advances have led to the development of cell-infused cellular bone matrices (CBMs), which contain living components such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Relatively few clinical outcome studies on the use of these grafts exist, although the number of such studies has increased in the last 5 years. In this study, the authors aimed to summarize and critically evaluate the existing clinical evidence on commercially available CBMs in spinal fusion and reported clinical outcomes.

METHODS

The authors performed a systematic search of the MEDLINE and PubMed electronic databases for peer-reviewed, English-language original articles (1970–2020) in which the articles’ authors studied the clinical outcomes of CBMs in spinal fusion. The US National Library of Medicine electronic clinical trials database (www.ClinicalTrials.gov) was also searched for relevant ongoing clinical trials.

RESULTS

Twelve published studies of 6 different CBM products met inclusion criteria: 5 studies of Osteocel Plus/Osteocel (n = 354 unique patients), 3 of Trinity Evolution (n = 114), 2 of ViviGen (n = 171), 1 of map3 (n = 41), and 1 of VIA Graft (n = 75). All studies reported high radiographic fusion success rates (range 87%–100%) using these CBMs. However, this literature was overwhelmingly limited to single-center, noncomparative studies. Seven studies disclosed industry funding or conflicts of interest (COIs). There are 4 known trials of ViviGen (3 trials) and Bio4 (1 trial) that are ongoing.

CONCLUSIONS

CBMs are a promising technology with the potential of improving outcome after spinal fusion. However, while the number of studies conducted in humans has tripled since 2014, there is still insufficient evidence in the literature to recommend for or against CBMs relative to cheaper alternative materials. Comparative, multicenter trials and outcome registries free from industry COIs are indicated.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ БЛОГУ ДЛЯ РОЗМIЩЕННЯ Е-КОНТЕНТУ ПРИ ВИКЛАДАННI IНФОРМАТИКИ
Authors: Забазна Світлана
Published: June 2021

У статтi обговорюються особливостi застосування блогiв для навчання iнформатики, розглянуто приклади використання сервiсу Blogger для розмiщення електронного контенту, створеного за допомогою рiзноманiтних платформ.
ОРГАНIЗАЦIЯ САМОСТIЙНОЇ РОБОТИ УЧНIВ КЛАСIВ З ПОГЛИБЛЕНИМ ВИВЧЕННЯМ МАТЕМАТИКИ
Authors: Беседiн Борис , Iбрагiмова Флора , Рульова Надія
Published: June 2021

Стаття присвячена проблемi органiзацiї самостiйної роботи учнiв на уроках математики, розкриттю основних шляхiв удосконалення процесу навчання за допомогою самостiйної роботи учнiв. Автори спираються на власний досвiд викладання математики в класах рiзних профiлiв навчання.
ДО ЗАДАЧ НА КОНФIГУРАЦIЮ ДЕЗАРГА З НЕВЛАСНИМИ ЕЛЕМЕНТАМИ ТА СУМIЖНI ПИТАННЯ
Authors: Кадубовський Олександр , Соколова Ольга , Шульгiна Анна
Published: June 2021

Представлена стаття присвячена дидактичним та методичним аспектам вивчення конфiгурацiї Дезарга (зокрема з невласними елементами) на площинi. Наведено алгоритми-вказiвки до можливих способiв розв’язання найбiльш типових задач на побудову конфiгурацiї Дезарга з невласними елементами; в явному виглядi наведено всi розв’язки ключових задач на вiдновлення елементiв певної конфiгурацiї Дезарга з фiксованим дезарговим центром, прямою або ж трикутником; наведено формулювання (в певному сенсi всiх) частинних випадкiв прямої та оберненої теорем Дезарга в термiнах евклiдової геометрiї.
GEOGEBRA НА УРОКАХ МАТЕМАТИКИ В СЕРЕДНIЙ ШКОЛI
Authors: Федоренко Олена , Осаволюк Елла , Зима Ганна
Published: June 2021

Розглядається питання пiдготовки майбутнiх учителiв математики до застосування GeoGebra в майбутнiй професiйнiй дiяльностi. Розглянуто приклади можливого застосування GeoGebra пiд час вивчення рiзних тем шкiльного курсу математики.
Who Needs Translations: the Difficulties of Assimilating a Foreign-Language Tradition (On the Example of the Ukrainian Translation of Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason)
Authors: Chorny Victor
Published: June 2021

This article offers a critical review of the Ukrainian translation of Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason. Translations of classical works should serve a twofold function. They do not only facilitate the adoption of the terminology within the academic community but should first and foremost allow those unacquainted with the language of the original to engage with a foreign philosophical tradition meaningfully. The translation of a philosophical text has to preserve terminological rigidity and strictly follow the letter of the original while simultaneously being a product of interpretation and, to a certain extent, a paraphrase, the result of cooperation between the author and the translator. Decent knowledge of the original language does not suffice to successfully deal with the outdated vocabulary and the peculiarities of authorial language use, as many of the crucial translation decisions cannot be justified without understanding the inner logic of the argument. However, my detailed analysis of terminological patterns and Ukrainian renderings of complex and ambiguous syntactic constructions proves that none of these tasks were achieved here. Unfortunately, despite the efforts, the quality of this translation does not correspond to the standards of consistency and does not reflect the letter and spirit of Kant’s original due to numerous mistakes, misreadings, and distortions. Neither the impressive list of translator’s notes nor the occasional practice of giving German equivalents in the brackets is of any help to the reader in understanding Kane’s practical philosophy unless they already possess sufficient knowledge of the German language. This translation, therefore, cannot be used as teaching material at universities and stands in the way of a wider reception of Kant’s philosophy and productive public discussions.
The dynamics of secularization as a process of mutual learning of philosophy and religion
Authors: Kuznetsova Kateryna
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the current stage of development of society, associated with the formation of a new type of relationship between the secular and the religious consciousness. If in the secular society of the recent past, these relations were based on the domination of secular ideology, and religious consciousness was interpreted as the evolutionary past of society, the significance of which decreases with social progress until the complete disappearance of religion, then post-secular culture is associated with the formation of a new constructive attitude towards the religious consciousness as an immanent component of social consciousness, which does not disappear with the development of society, but only changes the forms of expression, as well as with the formation of an equal dialogue between secular and religious. Post-secularism does not mean a return to the dominant position of religion and does not cancel the achievement of the secular paradigm. Secularism has transcoding the cultural matrix, therefore, it is no longer possible to take a central meaning and value-forming place in the culture of religion and confessional traditions that once gave birth to this culture. In addition, globalization creates a situation of interaction of religious traditions, unprecedented in the history of mankind, within the framework of one cultural and legal field. We are no longer talking about oppression by more progressive traditions of spiritually primitive traditions (Christianity or Islam in relation to paganism) - traditions with highly developed spiritual, intellectual and missionary potential have to interact with each other. Post-secularity means not only a critical revision of the stage consciousness, but also openness, receptivity, and at least interest in all the various forms of human religiosity. Secularization must be understood, according to J. Habermas, as the dual and complementary learning. Modernization embraces religious and secular consciousness, modifying them. This process of learning, change and enrichment is the essence of the post-secular era. The main characteristic of post-secular society is the "two-way learning process" of faith and reason, or their correlation. In the field of education, the necessary result of the formation of a post-secular society is the introduction of dialogue and tolerance as necessary principles of educational activity and the absence of discrimination on religious grounds.
موقع الأدب العربيّ العالميّ والسّياسات الثقافيّة
Authors: Sarhan Haitham
Published: June 2021

يتخذ الأدب العربيّ موقعًا بارزًا في الجغرافيا الثقافيّة العالميّة، وهو موقعٌ قديمٌ مُتجددٌ، فأمّا قدمه فيتصل في ارتباطه بأثر العرب ودورهم في المساهمة في مشروع الحضارة الإنسانية عن طريق الإسلام الذي استند على العنصر العربيّ الذي جسّد نموذجه البارز النبيُّ محمد – صلّى الله عليه وسلّم -. ومن خلال مقوّمات الثقافة العربيّة المتمثّلة في القوى البشريّة، والقيم الحضارية، والهويّة اللغوية المتمثّلة في اللغة العربية وآدابها ومعارفها ومذخورها الهائل في الشعر والنثر والقصص والحكايات والأساطير والخُطب، والرسائل. 

تتأسس فرضية هذه الورقة على تصوّر مُفاده أنّ هناك ارتباطًا وشيجًا بين الأدب العربيّ والسياسات التي عبّر عنها الإسلام والمسلمون في التوسّع والسيطرة والانتشار ونشر الإسلام في أصقاع العالم القديم. فقد أدّت الإنجازات السياسيّة واللغويّة والبشريّة والدينيّة التي أحدثها المسلمون في نصف قرن من بدء دعوة النبيّ في مكّة إلى تعميق صورة الأدب العربيّ في خارطة الأدب العالميّ، ومن ثَمّ الافتتان بحضارة العرب وآدابها.

لذلك تسعى هذه الورقة بحث السياقات الــمُتّصلة بجائزة الملك (أوسكار الثاني Oscar II) ملك السويد والنرويج الذي أنشأ مجمعًا علميًّا للغات الشرقيّة في العقد الثامن من القرن التاسع عشر. وقد كان يمنح هذا المجمع جائزة مُخصصة لأدب العرب وحضارتهم، وذلك بالتنسيق مع (السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني) ورجال السلطة والفكر والحضارة في إسلامبول.

وقد حصل على الجائزة في سنة 1889 علاّمة العراق (محمود شكري الآلوسي)، وذلك عن كتاب ألّفه وفق معايير لجنة اللغات الشرقيّة في استكهولم، وهو كتاب: "بلوغ الأرب في معرفة أحوال العرب". ثم تبعه (الشيخ محمد محمود الشنقيطيّ)، وذلك عن قصيدة عصماء تحاكي قصائد الشعر الجاهليين نشرت في سنة 1901.
الإعلام المرئي في ظل تحديات الذكاء الاصطناعي
Authors: Al-Shimari Alaa Makki
Published: June 2021

يركز الباحث في دراسته على التغييرات المحتملة في المرتكزات الأساسية لصناعة الرسالة الإعلامية في ضوء معطيات الذكاء الاصطناعي وتطبيقاته، مثل كتابة المادة الإعلامية واعداد نصها التنفيذي وتقديمها للمتلقي، تصميم المقاطع الصورية، واختيار الجرافيك وتصميمه والمؤثرات الصورية. فضلاً عن الوقوف على اهمية التطور الهائل في جوانب الذكاء الاصطناعي وما لها من دور فاعل في تطور الرسالة الإعلامية واداء وسائل الإعلام المرئي على وجه الخصوص.

  ويتطرق الباحث إلى اهم التحديات التي تواجه المؤسسات الإعلامية والقائمين عليها في هذا الإطار ومنها: المحاكاة وتقديم البرامج والأخبار في القنوات التلفزيونية الفضائية، وإعداد القصص الإخبارية المقنعة، الزملاء الآليين الجدد في العمل الاعلامي، ورسم نسخ طبق الاصل من الشخصيات، والزيف العميق “deep fakes"، فضلاً عن تحديات التلقي في إطار الواقع المعزز .Augmented Reality

 كذلك تلك التحديات التي تتعلق بالجوانب التقنية والمادية، والتحديات الأخلاقية والاجتماعية، وكذلك ما تشكله الملكية الفكرية وحقوقها من تحدي حقيقي في هذا الإطار. 

 وتكون البحث من ثلاثة مباحث رئيسة وكالآتي:

 المبحث الأول: تضمن الإطار النظري والمنهجي للبحث، إذ بين الباحث أهمية البحث في العديد من المحاور من اهمها أنه من بين البحوث التي تتصدى إلى اهم التحديات التي تواجه العاملين في مجال الإعلام بمختلف انواعه: *مهنية. *معرفية. *اخلاقية.

المبحث الثاني: وسائل الإعلام واهم تحديات الذكاء الاصطناعي وعناصره التي يمكن توظيفها في عمل الإعلام المرئي ولاسيما في الأخبار.

المبحث الثالث: نتائج البحث ومناقشتها، إذ توصل الباحث إلى العديد من النتائج، من اهمها ضرورة وجود قوانين وتشريعات ناظمة لمرحلة استعمالات عناصر الذكاء الاصطناعي بشكل عام لحماية الجنس البشري وحقوقه من سلوك الآلات ومن يقف خلفها، وأن الذكاء الاصطناعي يمنح القدرة على استعمال الصحافي الآلة في مواقع وحالات وأوقات لا يمكن للصحافي الإنسان ان يقوم بها في المكان والزمان المحددين.

فضلاً عن التوصيات التي اقترحها الباحث في ضوء النتائج. واخيراً كانت الخاتمة والمراجع والمصادر.
الارهاب السياسي
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed Hamdan
Published: June 2021

استهدف البحث التعرف على ظاهرة الارهاب السياسي واسبابه لان قضية الارهاب باتت تشغل اليوم العالم وانظمته السياسية والدولية لما تخلفه من اثار على الامن واستقرار الدولي وعلى منظومة علائق المجتمع بإفراده ومؤسساته بحيث تعددت اشكاله وتنوعت دوافعه، فضلا عن ذلك تتجلى اهمية البحث من اهمية الموضوع الذي نحن بصدده، واستخدمنا المنهج الوصفي والتاريخي لتحليل الموضوع، وتوصل البحث الى عدة استنتاجات اهمها:

يعد الارهاب السياسي ظاهرة اجتماعية سياسية في ان واحد.

ان ظاهرة الارهاب السياسي تلج اليوم أكثر من ذي قبل بالاهتمام بها بقصد ايجاد الحلول الجذرية لها.

العالم يعيش اليوم تحت رحمة وتوطئة الارهاب ولم يعد الشعوب العالم خيار في الخروج من هذه الالة الجهنمية.