bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to Analyze Library Chat Reference Transcripts
Authors: Wang Yongming
Published: September 2022

The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning has rapidly become a standard technology across all industries and businesses for gaining insight and predicting the future. In recent years, the library community has begun looking at ways to improve library services by applying AI and machine learning techniques to library data. Chat reference in libraries generates a large amount of data in the form of transcripts. This study uses machine learning and natural language processing methods to analyze one academic library’s chat transcripts over a period of eight years. The built machine learning model tries to classify chat questions into a category of reference or nonreference questions. The purpose is to predict the category of future questions by the model with the hope that incoming questions can be channeled to appropriate library departments or staff.
Dannelse og tværprofessionalitet i sundhedsuddannelse
Authors: Engelsen Søren , Lehn Sine , Nielsen Cathrine Sand , Højbjerg Karin Holst , Bukhave Elise Bromann
Published: September 2022

In this article, we explore the relevance of a focus on professional formation (Bildung) in health education in the context of interprofessionalism as a condition for working in health care. We outline general aspects of the concept of professional formation and distinguish two key elements: an adaptation and a transgression orientation. We argue that a transgression orientation is important in health education and professional formation today. Partly as an end in itself, given fundamental features of human existence, partly because the interprofessional demand in health professional work means that the distinction between adaptation and transgression orientation collapses: adaptation to contemporary conditions in health care requires, both a temporal and a spatial transgression orientation in the form of a perspective flexibility that allows the development of new professional perspectives as well as the appropriate consideration of different existing professional perspectives. Drawing on considerations of philosophy of existence, and on qualitative interviews with practicum teachers, we highlight key conditions and obstacles for a focus on professional formation to be feasible in clinical education. Among other things, we highlight knowledge of and experience with each other's professions, a common cause and professional goals, and not least an educational mindset and a learning culture that is not too rigid and over-controlling. On the other hand, it is important to focus on first-hand experience of interprofessionality framed by good communication and shared reflections on interprofessional practice. The latter is hampered by different professional languages and identities, physical distance between clinical practice and the workplace, and by a lack of knowledge of and experience with each other's professional practices, a common cause and professional goals, and, not least, an educational mindset and a learning culture that is not too rigid and over-controlling. On the other hand, it is important to focus on first-hand experience of interprofessionality framed by good communication and shared reflections on practice. The latter is hampered by different professional languages and identities, physical distance between clinical practice sites and pressure on resources in both health care and training.
Den pædagogiske dobbeltbevægelse
Authors: Tange Niels
Published: September 2022

There is currently a great deal of attention paid to the primary school as an institution that not only has to educate, but also supports the formation of the students and therefore has a dual purpose. The research and discussions in this area most often take place on a theoretical and overall level, which can create a barren distance from the specific pedagogical practice in the schools. The article bridges this gap by presenting analyzes of how teachers in primary and lower secondary school experience the field of tension between education and formation in their own teaching. The analyzes indicate that teachers experience their practice as a constant shift between two basic elements. On the one hand, they must plan, manage, frame, communicate and thus objectify the students and on the other hand, they must withdraw, suspend their control and provide space for the student to occupy a subject position in the teaching. And here this act of withdrawal in particular is highlighted as a very important, but also fragile moment that is easily overlooked. On the basis of the analyzes, the concept of The pedagogical double movement is developed. It is defined as the constant interaction between the teacher's objectifying and subjectivating actions in order to support that the student both learns what the teacher has intended, and at the same time develops his subjectivity and self determination. Thus, the concept makes an empirical contribution to research on how to understand and ‘do’ pedagogical practice that both educates and supports formation.
On Bildung and the role of teachers in fostering global citizens
Authors: Risberg Eirik Julius
Published: September 2022

The importance of educating global citizens, citizens whose mindset or ‘gaze’ is global rather than national or parochial, has been widely recognized. Despite this, critics have argued that the emphasis on fostering ‘skills, knowledge, attitudes, and values’ reveals the neo-liberal underpinnings of global citizenship education. I argue that this overlooks the transformative nature of global citizenship education, and, drawing on recent work in the intersection between transformative education and Bildung, maintain that educating for global citizenship may be understood as a form of global Bildung in which the professional plays a key role.
The ellipse of insignificance, a refined fragility index for ascertaining robustness of results in dichotomous outcome trials
Authors: Grimes David Robert
Published: September 2022

There is increasing awareness throughout biomedical science that many results do not withstand the trials of repeat investigation. The growing abundance of medical literature has only increased the urgent need for tools to gauge the robustness and trustworthiness of published science. Dichotomous outcome designs are vital in randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and observational data for ascertaining differences between experimental and control arms. It has however been shown with tools like the fragility index (FI) that many ostensibly impactful results fail to materialize when even small numbers of patients or subjects in either the control or experimental arms are recoded from event to non-event. Critics of this metric counter that there is no objective means to determine a meaningful FI. As currently used, FI is not multidimensional and is computationally expensive. In this work, a conceptually similar geometrical approach is introduced, the ellipse of insignificance. This method yields precise deterministic values for the degree of manipulation or miscoding that can be tolerated simultaneously in both control and experimental arms, allowing for the derivation of objective measures of experimental robustness. More than this, the tool is intimately connected with sensitivity and specificity of the event/non-event tests, and is readily combined with knowledge of test parameters to reject unsound results. The method is outlined here, with illustrative clinical examples.
Å velge bort læring i skolen til fordel for læring i praksis: En casestudie om veien frem til fagbrev via praksisbrev
Authors: Tårnesvik Åshild , Schmid Evi
Published: September 2022

This article focuses on the training practice scheme, a two-year apprenticeship scheme that was implemented as a measure to reduce dropouts from vocational education and training (VET). After completing a two-year apprenticeship, apprentices may continue their training to obtain a full trade certificate. In this article, we examine how the scheme contributes to inclusion in regular VET. Based on interviews with ten apprentices who continued their education and training in a regular apprenticeship after a two-year apprenticeship, and interviews with their supervisors in apprenticeship training, this article presents two case studies. The apprentices’ narratives about school reveal negative educational experiences, feelings of disengagement, failure and exclusion, leading both of them to withdraw from school and construct an identity as practically-oriented learners. During the first year of upper secondary education, both were offered a two-year apprenticeship in sales. The two case studies show how practice-oriented learning provided opportunities to experience success and mastery, a sense of belonging, and the feeling of being members of communities of practice. The article argues that these experiences contributed to a shift in the apprentices’ self-view and thereby created opportunities for learning and motivation to continue education and training.
Semantic relational machine learning model for sentiment analysis using cascade feature selection and heterogeneous classifier ensemble
Authors: Yenkikar Anuradha , Babu C. Narendra , Hemanth D. Jude
Published: September 2022

The exponential rise in social media via microblogging sites like Twitter has sparked curiosity in sentiment analysis that exploits user feedback towards a targeted product or service. Considering its significance in business intelligence and decision-making, numerous efforts have been made in this area. However, lack of dictionaries, unannotated data, large-scale unstructured data, and low accuracies have plagued these approaches. Also, sentiment classification through classifier ensemble has been underexplored in literature. In this article, we propose a Semantic Relational Machine Learning (SRML) model that automatically classifies the sentiment of tweets by using classifier ensemble and optimal features. The model employs the Cascaded Feature Selection (CFS) strategy, a novel statistical assessment approach based on Wilcoxon rank sum test, univariate logistic regression assisted significant predictor test and cross-correlation test. It further uses the efficacy of word2vec-based continuous bag-of-words and n-gram feature extraction in conjunction with SentiWordNet for finding optimal features for classification. We experiment on six public Twitter sentiment datasets, the STS-Gold dataset, the Obama-McCain Debate (OMD) dataset, the healthcare reform (HCR) dataset and the SemEval2017 Task 4A, 4B and 4C on a heterogeneous classifier ensemble comprising fourteen individual classifiers from different paradigms. Results from the experimental study indicate that CFS supports in attaining a higher classification accuracy with up to 50% lesser features compared to count vectorizer approach. In Intra-model performance assessment, the Artificial Neural Network-Gradient Descent (ANN-GD) classifier performs comparatively better than other individual classifiers, but the Best Trained Ensemble (BTE) strategy outperforms on all metrics. In inter-model performance assessment with existing state-of-the-art systems, the proposed model achieved higher accuracy and outperforms more accomplished models employing quantum-inspired sentiment representation (QSR), transformer-based methods like BERT, BERTweet, RoBERTa and ensemble techniques. The research thus provides critical insights into implementing similar strategy into building more generic and robust expert system for sentiment analysis that can be leveraged across industries.
High metabolic load distance in professional soccer according to competitive level and playing positions
Authors: García-Calvo Tomás , Ponce-Bordón José Carlos , Pons Eduard , López del Campo Roberto , Resta Ricardo , Raya-González Javier
Published: September 2022

Background

High metabolic load distance provides global information about the soccer players’ total high-intensity activities. Thus, this study aimed to examine the Spanish professional soccer players’ high metabolic load distance profile, comparing competitive level and playing positions.

Methods

A total of 18,131 individual match observations were collected from outfield players competing during the 2018/2019 and 2019/20 seasons in the First and Second Spanish Professional Soccer Leagues (LaLiga™). High Metabolic Load Distance (HMLD; distance covered with a power consumption above 25.5 W·kg−1 and accelerations or decelerations (e.g., accelerating from 2 to 4 m·s−2 for 1 s) were included), and HMLD per minute (HMLDmin) were analyzed by the ChryonHego® video-tracking system. Players were classified according to their playing position as follows: Central Backs (CB), Full Backs (FB), Center Midfields (CM), Wide Midfields (WM), and Forwards (FW).

Results

No differences between competitive levels were found in any variable when all players were analyzed conjointly except for HMLDmin overall and during the second half. However, when playing positions were considered, differences between competitive levels were observed in all positions, mainly in HMLD and HMLD during the first-half variables. In addition, several differences between playing positions were observed, with CB presenting the lowest values in all variables compared to their counterparts in both competitive levels, whereas CM in First Division and WM in Second Division showed the highest values in the HMLD variables.

Discussion

The findings are of interest to analyze the HMLD in professional soccer players, enabling the adaptation and individualization of training in this population according to the competitive level and specific playing position of each player.
Thermography in ergonomic assessment: a study of wood processing industry workers
Authors: Soranso Denise Ransolin , Minette Luciano José , Marçal Marcio , Marins João Carlos Bouzas , Schettino Stanley , Lima Roldão Carlos A. , Oliveira Michel
Published: September 2022

Background

Workers in the wood processing industry perform activities that demand great physical and ergonomic demands, which favors the emergence of inflammatory processes and in turn the occurrence of heat regions in the body, thus making it possible to assess the inflammatory level by means of temperature gradients. This study aimed to evaluate the use of thermography as an ergonomic analysis tool to identify regions with musculoskeletal overload in workers in a wood processing industry.

Methods

The study was conducted with nine workers in the central-west region of Brazil. The evaluations to obtain the thermographic images were carried out before the beginning of the workday, on Monday (day I) and on Friday (day II), in order to verify the overload regions in the accumulation of days worked. The thermal images were collected in an acclimatized room with controlled conditions where the participants remained with the upper part of their bodies bare for acclimatization, and then the lumbar and scapular regions were evaluated. The images were obtained using the FLUKE TI 400 Thermal Imager, with analysis using the SmartView software program to demarcate the body regions of interest.

Results

The mean temperature values obtained on day I did not significantly differ from the mean values obtained on day II. Qualitative analysis showed thermal patterns with high temperature at the same points on both evaluated days. Although the thermographic analysis performed in this study cannot provide definitive results, they generally helped to provide evidence for a more accurate diagnosis in the evaluated workers.
Parents Attitude Towards Approaching the Paediatric Dentists During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yendodu Varshitha , Nirmala SVSG , Nuvvula Sivakumar
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The infection potential of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is remarkable due to its airborne transmission through droplets and aerosols. Paediatric dental needs were severely compromised during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Aim: To assess parents’ attitudes and concerns towards approaching paediatric dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry at Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, from August 2021 to October 2021. The study included 200 parents to assess the attitudes and concerns towards approaching Paediatric dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic. A structured questionnaire was used through Google forms to collect from parents, information regarding precautions, mode of transmission of the virus and type of treatment option. The Chi-square test and Fischer-exact test were used to compare the parameters such as education and occupation with parents' attitude and knowledge. Results: Out of the 200 parents, 37 were males and 163 were females with mean age of the parents was 34.8 years. Out of total 200, 153 (76.5%) of the parents were worried to visit a paediatric dentist. Only 56 (28%) of the children suffered from toothache during the pandemic. About 28 (14%) of parents believed that the virus is transmitted through the air and 70% of the parents preferred teledentistry. A 152 (76%) of them were willing to pay extra costs and 123 (61.5%) of respondents expected to treat the emergency condition alone. A statistically significant difference was not observed between different occupation in the answers given about transmission paths of a virus (p-value=0.39), extra payment (p-value=0.77), and preference of approach (p-value=0.223). Conclusion: Majority parents were worried to visit a Paediatric dentist and preferred teledentistry. They were ready to pay extra costs for the sanitisation.
The Mental Health Syndrome Known as Alice in Wonderland - A Case Report
Authors: Hernandez Jennings
Published: September 2022

The Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) is a rare neurological and psychiatric condition, represented as the appearance of disorienting perceptual disorder with occasional episodes of bizarre visual illusions and spatial distortions. It was first introduced by John Todd in 1955, based on the literary chronicles of the strange encounters described by Lewis Carroll in Alice in Wonderland books. A 30-year-old healthy male presented to the doctor’s office with left-sided headaches lasting 24 hours and preceded by an aura. During these auras, the patient was experiencing erratic behaviors consistent with the phenomena experienced by Alice, the main character in the world-famous story. He reported objects being larger and further away than they really were and his hands appearing smaller than they really were. Symptoms lasted up to 45 minutes. All clinical and diagnostic workups and evaluations were unremarkable, and the patient was treated for migraines with auras using Valproic Acid. During his follow-up at 3 months intervals, the patient continued with symptoms, and his medication dosage was increased. In his next follow-up three months later, he described having no more symptoms. AIWS has been found to be related to migraines with preceding auras.  It is both common in pediatrics as well as in adults. I present an AIWS case co-existent with aura migraines.
Genetic and Functional Diversity of Bacterial Strains Associated with Prunus persica (L.)
Authors: Ahsan Ali , Tanveer Sana , Shahzadi Komal , Gull Sidra , Ali Basharat
Published: September 2022

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the genetic and functional diversity of bacteria associated with the surfaces of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.

Methodology: A total of 15 peach samples from various areas of Lahore city were collected and processed according to standard microbiological protocols. The final taxonomic status of bacterial strains was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial strains were screened for plant growth-promoting attributes that included auxin production, phosphate, and zinc solubilization, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production. Antimicrobial activity of strains was also evaluated. In pot trials, strains were evaluated for their role to enhance plant growth.

Results: Analysis showed that bacterial isolates belonged to Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Providencia genera. A strain KS 22 of Staphylococcus sciuri showed the highest production of auxin. In terms of antibiotic susceptibility, B. aerius KS 8 exhibited a pattern of sensitivity toward norfloxacin, amoxicillin, and clavulanic acid. For pot trials with cauliflower under laboratory conditions, S. sciuri KS 22 showed 3.1 folds increase in shoot length. In the case of tomato, P. rettgeri KS 23 recorded around 1.8 folds increase in shoot length over water-treated control. On the other hand, for cauliflower, around 1.3 folds increase in root length was exhibited by B. aerius KS 8, P. rettgeri KS 23, and E. cloacae KS 29. For tomato, B. aerius KS 8 showed 1.6 folds increase in root length in comparison to control. Under natural conditions, for cauliflower, the highest increase in shoot length was exhibited by P. rettgeri KS 23 and E. cloacae KS 29.

Conclusion: Finally, it has been concluded that bacterial strains B. aerius KS 8, S. haemolyticus KS 9, S. sciuri KS 22, P. rettgeri KS 23, and E. cloacae KS 29 exhibited plant growth promotion in pot trials.
On being a psychotherapist
Authors: Orbach Susie
Published: September 2022

Keynote address at the NZAP Conference, Tauranga, February 2000
It wasn't the first time I willed myself to sit still, keep my mouth zipped and remember that I was the therapist whose job it was to understand and hear behind the viciousness emanating from my patient. Every fifth one or so of Helena's sessions had that effect on me. We'd hit extreme turbulence and as if from someplace else, I'd hear a voice telling me to buckle up, hold steady, breathe normally and think hard. Momentarily, I became the passenger who needed to be calmed, rather than the analyst at least half in charge of the session.
Mourning, melancholia and being staunch
Authors: Davey Tom
Published: September 2022

In recent publications, both Thomas Ogden (2000) and Jean Laplanche (1999) have highlighted the importance of mourning in their work. This is a particularly noteworthy confluence, coming as they do from very different traditions within psychoanalysis. I wish to discuss these contributions, to contextualise them in relation to Freud's 1915 paper Mourning and Melancholia, and to offer some reflections on my own work from within New Zealand.
Reflections and projections in Māori/ Tau Iwi relationships
Authors: Danvers Faye , Robin Tania
Published: September 2022

This paper seeks to promote thought and discussion around the question "What do psychotherapists of Tau Iwi need to uncover in themselves to meet as fully as possible the needs of Māori clients?" Drawing on shadow theory, research and statistics from within Aotearoa, and their own experience as psychotherapist and educator, the writers explore the implications of this question as it confronts us in our clinical work.
Application of a slit ceiling based on thermally activated building systems in a daylight‐harvesting office space with direct solar radiation
Authors: Shindo Kan , Shinoda Jun , Ikai Ken , Takenaka Takeshi , Tamura Shuichi , Kobori Tetsuo , Tanabe Shin‐ichi
Published: September 2022

In recent years, an increasing number of offices have actively harvested daylight for the well‐being of occupants. However, if large windows are provided for daylight harvesting, the amount of solar heat gain increases, leading to poor energy efficiency and deteriorated indoor environment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the radiant cooling effect of ceiling slits in an office building based on thermally activated building systems to achieve both daylight harvesting and solar removal through field measurements. In this study, the radiant cooling capacity of a slit ceiling and the indoor radiant environment were measured in a research facility in Fukui City, Japan, during spring (March 16–30) and summer (August 17–31) in 2020.
Experimental Realization of Semiconducting Monolayer Si2Te2 Films
Authors: Huang Xiaochun , Xiong Rui , Volckaert Klara , Hao Chunxue , Biswas Deepnarayan , Bianchi Marco , Hofmann Philip , Beck Philip , Warmuth Jonas , Sa Baisheng , Wiebe Jens , Wiesendanger Roland
Published: September 2022

The experimental realization of large‐scale, homogeneous semiconducting films with a single‐layer thickness is of major importance for next‐generation devices. Especially in view of the compatibility with state‐of‐the‐art semiconductor technology, Si‐based monolayer crystals are of particular interest. Here, the successful epitaxial growth of monolayer Si2Te2 (MLSi2Te2) films on semiconducting Sb2Te3 thin film substrates is reported. High‐quality (1 × 1) ML‐Si2Te2 films with a coverage as high as 95% are obtained as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the existence of the SiTe bonds in the obtained films. By combining scanning tunneling spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations, the existence of a semiconducting bandgap is demonstrated on the order of 370 meV for the MLSi2Te2 films which reside in an important mid‐infrared spectral range. The results pave the way for practical applications of this novel artificial two‐dimensional material.
Organic‐Free and Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 11%
Authors: Zhang Weihai , Cai Yating , Liu Heng , Xia Yu , Cui Jieshun , Shi Yueqing , Chen Rui , Shi Tingting , Wang Hsing‐Lin
Published: September 2022

Organic‐free and lead‐free CsSnI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently gained growing attention as a promising template to mitigate the thermal instability and lead toxicity of hybrid lead‐based PSCs. However, the relatively low device efficiency due to the high content of Sn(II)‐related defects hinders its further development. Herein, highly performed CsSnI3−xBrx compositional perovskite‐based PSCs are achieved by using dimethyl ketoxime (C3H7NO, DMKO) as a multifunctional additive. As a commercially used deoxidant, DMKO can effectively neutralize the oxygen molecule and reduce Sn4+ back to Sn2+, enhancing the oxidation resistance of the film. Besides, the electron‐rich oxime group (NOH) in DMKO tends to interact with Sn2+ ions with extremely low adsorption energy less than −15 eV and inhibits defect formation, resulting in films with low defect density. The corresponding PSCs deliver a considerable open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.75 V with a record efficiency as high as 11.2%, which represents the highest reported efficiency for lead‐free all‐inorganic PSCs thus far. More importantly, the grain surface distributed DMKO provides an in situ encapsulation of the perovskite, which results in greatly enhanced ambient stability of the un‐encapsulated devices.
Highly Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation Biomass Valorization Over Nb2O5/g‐C3N4Heterojunction
Authors: Li Haixia , Zhao Hui , Dong Yuming , Zhu Yongfa , Li Junshan
Published: September 2022

The selective biomass conversion of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐diformylfurane (DFF) through photocatalysis is of immense importance and has attracted much interest recently. However, its selectivity and conversion are still limited at present due to the lack of efficient photocatalysts to controllably activate the alcohol hydroxyl groups. Herein, Nb2O5/g‐C3N4type‐II heterojunction photocatalysts to restrain the over‐oxidation are developed, which successfully adjust the active oxygen species and enhance the separation and transfer of photoexcited carriers. The system achieves selective oxidation of HMF to DFF with high selectivity (>99%) and conversion (53%) via the inhibition of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) production arising from the decomposition of H2O2. Moreover, h+is the main active species for photocatalytic selective oxidation of HMF, and ·O2−is the second for that. Herein, it offers an effective strategy to effectively improve the high‐selective conversion of biomass derivatives into high‐value‐added products.
Klein Tunneling through Triple Barrier in AB Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Hassane Saley Mouhamadou , El Mouhafid Abderrahim , Jellal Ahmed , Siari Ahmed
Published: September 2022

The transport properties of charge carriers in AB bilayer graphene through a triple electrostatic barrier are investigated. The transmission and reflection using the boundary conditions together with the transfer matrix method are calculated. For energy less than the interlayer coupling γ1, it is shown that, at normal incidence, transmission is completely suppressed in the gap for a large barrier width while it appears in the gap for the opposite case. For energy greater than γ1, it is shown that in the absence of an interlayer potential difference, transmission is less than that of a single barrier, but in its presence, transmission in the gap region is suppressed, as opposed to a double barrier. It is found that one, two, or three gaps can be created depending on the number of interlayer potential differences applied. Resonance in the transmission channel is observed that is not seen in the single and double barrier cases. Finally, the conductance is computed and it is shown that the number of peaks is greater than the double and single barrier cases. The results here enable the development of graphene‐based transistors.
Purification, characterization, and cellular antioxidant activity of 4,4‐dimethylsterols and 4‐desmethylsterols
Authors: Xie Liangliang , Zhang Tao , Karrar Emad , Zheng Liyou , Xie Dan , Jin Jun , Wang Xingguo , Jin Qingzhe
Published: September 2022

A mixture of 4,4‐dimethylsterols (TA) and 4‐desmethylsterols (PS) was produced as valuable byproducts during the large‐scale production of ferulic acid by γ‐oryzanol. However, the utilization of both byproducts is impeded by this mixed form. This study has developed a novel method for separating TA and PS through a one‐step separation procedure using flash chromatography. The optimal conditions were as follows: mobile phase of hexane‐ethyl acetate (9:1, vol/vol), the flow rate of 40 ml/min, loading volume of 20 ml, run time of 20 min. Under optimized conditions, TA with a yield of 41.8% ± 2.8% with a purity of 93.4% ± 0.4% was obtained, and 36.8% ± 1.7% and 98.2% ± 0.8% for that of PS. Their chemical structures were further confirmed by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The time‐fluorescence value curve indicated that TA and PS had inhibitory effects on peroxyl radical‐induced 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) oxidation. The results showed that TA had higher cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) than PS. TA was more suitable as a potential natural antioxidant. The present study provides a convenient method for high‐purity TA and PS production, which will improve the value‐added byproducts from the large‐scale production of ferulic acid.
Improvement Strategies toward Stable Lithium‐Metal Anodes for High‐Energy Batteries
Authors: Hou Jianhua , Yang Muyi , Sun Bing , Wang Guoxiu
Published: September 2022

Lithium‐metal (Li‐metal) batteries are one of the most potential energy storage devices available these days. However, uncontrollable lithium dendritic growth and parasitic reactions lead to poor cycling efficiency and severe safety concerns, which restricts the use of Li‐metal batteries in practical applications. This article reviews the current development status of Li‐metal anodes, including investigations of reaction mechanisms and performance improvement strategies. In addition, future opportunities for developing safe and high‐performance Li‐metal batteries are also outlined.
Molecular intercalation of transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets to enhance electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Kwon Ik Seon , Kwak In Hye , Kang Hong Seok , Park Jeunghee
Published: September 2022

The novel two‐dimensional nanostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have motivated extensive studies on the control of electronic structures via sandwiching of foreign species. Herein, we review our recent works on TMD nanosheets that intercalated with various molecules (i.e., amine, cobaltocene, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, etc.). They were mainly synthesized by a one‐step solvothermal reaction. The intercalation expanded the interlayer spacing significantly and induced the phase conversion from semiconducting 2H to metallic 1T′ (distorted 1T), accompanied by the charge transfer from the intercalants to the TMDs. The intercalated TMD nanosheets exhibit excellent catalytic performance in water‐splitting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). First‐principles calculations suggest that the 2H‐1T′ phase transition via intercalation can be driven by a significant charge transfer to TMD. The intercalation increased carrier concentration, which leads to enhanced catalytic performance. The present work illustrates how the intercalation of molecules can stabilize the metastable 1T′ phase and effectively enhance the HER performance.
Brucella pleurisy: An extremely rare complication of brucellosis
Authors: Alikhani Ahmad , Abbaspour Kasgari Hamideh , Majidi Haadi , Nekoukar Zahra
Published: September 2022

Brucella is a rare pathogen of the lung. This intracellular organism can involve pleura in the sub‐acute and chronic course of the disease. Here, we introduce an infrequent case of brucella pleurisy that presented to our hospital with chest pain.
Effects of axon branching and asymmetry between the branches on transport, mean age, and age density distributions of mitochondria in neurons: A computational study
Authors: Kuznetsov Ivan A. , Kuznetsov Andrey V.
Published: September 2022

We report a computational study of mitochondria transport in a branched axon with two branches of different sizes. For comparison, we also investigate mitochondria transport in an axon with symmetric branches and in a straight (unbranched) axon. The interest in understanding mitochondria transport in branched axons is motivated by the large size of arbors of dopaminergic neurons, which die in Parkinson's disease. Since the failure of energy supply of multiple demand sites located in various axonal branches may be a possible reason for the death of these neurons, we were interested in investigating how branching affects mitochondria transport. Besides investigating mitochondria fluxes between the demand sites and mitochondria concentrations, we also studied how the mean age of mitochondria and mitochondria age densities depend on the distance from the soma. We established that if the axon splits into two branches of unequal length, the mean ages of mitochondria and age density distributions in the demand sites are affected by how the mitochondria flux splits at the branching junction (what portion of mitochondria enter the shorter branch and what portion enter the longer branch). However, if the axon splits into two branches of equal length, the mean ages and age densities of mitochondria are independent of how the mitochondria flux splits at the branching junction. This even holds for the case when all mitochondria enter one branch, which is equivalent to a straight axon. Because the mitochondrial membrane potential (which many researchers view as a proxy for mitochondrial health) decreases with mitochondria age, the independence of mitochondria age on whether the axon is symmetrically branched or straight (providing the two axons are of the same length), and on how the mitochondria flux splits at the branching junction, may explain how dopaminergic neurons can sustain very large arbors and still maintain mitochondrial health across branch extremities.
Resource allocation in 5G network using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing‐Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
Authors: Jadhav Makarand M. , Dongre Ganesh , Purandare Radhika
Published: September 2022

Fading, interference, and collisions cause unpredictable data loss in a wireless channel. In the recent past, the use of polar codes for error detection and correction scaled downed the data error rate considerably. With the introduction of 5G mobile network, minimizing the data loss and enhancing the performance becomes imperative. Here, the use of polar codes based OFDM‐HARQ mechanism with CRC is simulated and implemented. The proposed technique was tested for various fading channels. A bundling mechanism is used to attain the optimal number of retransmissions to accomplish better frame dropping ratio and throughput. It has been observed that the bit error rate of the proposed system has improved by optimizing Eb/No and bandwidth. At this optimum setting, the bit error rate has been enhanced by 25%. At the same time, the system optimizes retransmission count to a value of three, which improves frame error rate at the desirable bit error rate of 10−6. Further, the use of the proposed optimized polar code reduces complexity computations from one third to one fifth as compared to conventional system modeling using turbo codes. An enhancement in frame dropping ratio by 8% to 12% as well as throughput by 10.23% to 14.33% is achieved. The work carried on the hardware system shows that data loss in the OFDM‐HARQ communication system can be minimized by improving the bit error rate and throughput required for device‐to‐device communication in the 5G network.
Human‐directed attachment behavior in wolves suggests standing ancestral variation for human–dog attachment bonds
Authors: Hansen Wheat Christina , Larsson Linn , Berner Patricia , Temrin Hans
Published: September 2022

Domesticated animals are generally assumed to display increased sociability toward humans compared to their wild ancestors. Dogs (Canis familiaris) have a remarkable ability to form social relationships with humans, including lasting attachment, a bond based on emotional dependency. Since it has been specifically suggested that the ability to form attachment with humans evolved post‐domestication in dogs, attempts to quantify attachment behavior in wolves (Canis lupus) have subsequently been performed. However, while these rare wolf studies do highlight the potential for wolves to express human‐directed attachment, the varied methods used and the contrasting results emphasize the need for further, standardized testing of wolves. Here, we used the standardized Strange Situation Test to investigate attachment behavior expressed in wolves and dogs hand‐raised and socialized under standardized and identical conditions up until the age of testing. We found that 23‐week‐old wolves and dogs equally discriminated between a stranger and a familiar person, and expressed similar attachment behaviors toward a familiar person. Additionally, wolves, but not dogs, expressed significantly elevated stress‐related behavior during the test, but this stress response was buffered by the presence of a familiar person. Together, our results suggest that wolves can show attachment behaviors toward humans comparable to those of dogs. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that the ability to form attachment with humans exists in relatives of the wild ancestor of dogs, thereby refuting claims that this phenotype evolved after dog domestication was initiated.
Expansion of non‐native plant Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze driven by a range of factors leading to patchy distribution patterns
Authors: Wu Qianmei , Xu Chengdong , Li Jiamei , Liu Wanxue , Wan Fanghao , Guo Jianying , Wang Rui
Published: September 2022

Given the growing concern over the ecological impacts of non‐native species, exploring these species' expansion edge and distribution patterns and their driving factors is important for developing suitable management measures. Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze, a non‐native plant that was introduced to China in the 1990s, has spread from southern Hebei Province, where it first took root, to the surrounding regions and has become one of the most notorious invasive weeds in northern China. Based on 15 years (2006–2021) of extensive field investigations, the spatial distribution of sampling and occurrence points were mapped in the recently expanded region of F. bidentis' population. Then, nearest neighbor analysis is used to characterize the spatial pattern differences between samplings and occurrences. An exponential decay function was used to elucidate the driving factors contributing to the presence and absence of F. bidentis. Our results demonstrated an effective random sampling setup, a heterogeneous spatial distribution of F. bidentis, and a multi‐regional independent aggregation distribution pattern (p < .01). There were significant spatial correlations between the aggregation areas of plant occurrence points and the locations of roads and construction sand distribution centers. These findings suggest that human activities involving major roads and construction sand distribution centers were driving factors contributing to this long‐distance dispersal and spatially discontinuous distribution patterns. The presence of these patchy distribution patterns has important implications for ongoing efforts to manage populations of non‐native species.
Quantifying evapotranspiration from dominant Arctic vegetation types using lysimeters
Authors: Clark Jason A. , Tape Ken D. , Young‐Robertson Jessica M.
Published: September 2022

The thermal and hydraulic properties of the moss and organic layer regulate energy fluxes, permafrost stability, and hydrologic function in Arctic tundra. Our goal was to quantify evapotranspiration (ET) from dominant vegetation types in Arctic tundra. We designed and deployed a network of electronic automated weighing micro‐lysimeters (n = 58, area = 0.06 m2). We selectively clipped groups of plants from a subset of lysimeters to isolate ET from moss, tussocks, and mixed vascular plants. High rates of evaporation (E) recorded during the study period in the moss E lysimeters (64 mm) and high ET in the tussock ET lysimeters (60 mm) show that mosses and sedge tussocks (Eriophorum vaginatum) are the major constituents of local tundra ET. Moss E was consistently higher than ET from mixed vascular species with moss understory indicating that moss E dominates tundra water efflux at sites with moss understory. The ET partitioning presented here will allow for improved prediction of changes in water flux associated with observed and future vegetation change. Future changes in the composition and cover of mosses and vascular plants will not only alter partitioning of tundra ET but may also affect the significant role plants play in the moisture regime and thermodynamics of Arctic permafrost soils.
Modeling the relation between the US real economy and the corporate bond‐yield spread in Bayesian VARs with non‐Gaussian innovations
Authors: Kiss Tamás , Mazur Stepan , Nguyen Hoang , Österholm Pär
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we analyze how skewness and heavy tails affect the estimated relationship between the real economy and the corporate bond‐yield spread—a popular predictor of real activity. We use quarterly US data to estimate Bayesian VAR models with stochastic volatility and various distributional assumptions regarding the innovations. In‐sample, we find that—after controlling for stochastic volatility—innovations in GDP growth can be well described by a Gaussian distribution. In contrast, the yield spread appears to benefit from being modeled using non‐Gaussian innovations. When it comes to real‐time forecasting performance, we find that the yield spread is a relevant predictor of GDP growth at the one‐quarter horizon. Having controlled for stochastic volatility, gains in terms of forecasting performance from flexibly modeling the innovations appear to be limited and are mostly found for the yield spread.
The effect of evidence‐based nursing education on nurses' clinical decision making: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ghodsi Astan Parisa , Goli Rasoul , Hemmati Maslakpak Masumeh , Rasouli Javad , Alilu Leyla
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Nurses are the largest group of health‐care providers and their clinical decisions have an essential role in patients' clinical condition. Evidence‐based nursing has been proposed as a health‐care method based on the latest findings and evidence. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of evidence‐based nursing education on dialysis nurses' clinical decision‐making.

Material and Methods

This single‐blind experimental study conducted in 2021 at dialysis wards of teaching hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences. In this study, a total of 60 dialysis nurses were recruited using convenience sampling and allocated to two groups of intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30). Data were collected at three time points of before, 1 week after, and 1 month after the intervention using a demographic questionnaire and the Lauri and Salantera Clinical Decision‐Making Questionnaire (LSCD‐MQ). Nurses in the intervention group received 12 sessions of evidence‐based nursing education, while nurses in the control group received no intervention.

Results

The results showed the mean score of clinical decision‐making had a significant decreasing trend over time (p < 0.001) so that it decreased significantly 1 week after the intervention (72.83 ± 4.90) compared with before the intervention (69.5 ± 67.34) in the intervention group. Moreover, participants' decision‐making moved toward analytical decision‐making. The results also indicated there was a significant difference between the baseline mean score of clinical decision‐making and the postintervention mean scores obtained 1 week (p = 0.025) and 1 month (p = 0.001) after the intervention. However, this difference was not found to be significant in the control group (p = 1.000).

Conclusions

The study results indicate the positive effect of evidence‐based education on nurses' clinical decision‐making. Therefore, nurses are recommended to apply evidence‐based education methods to improve their level of clinical decision‐making. Health officials are also recommended to hold in‐service evidence‐based workshops to update nurses' knowledge.
Clinical significance of the increased expression of the WT1 gene in peripheral blood of patients with acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Ishiyama Ken , Dung Tran Cao , Imi Tatsuya , Hosokawa Kohei , Nannya Yasuhito , Yamazaki Hirohito , Ogawa Seishi , Nakao Shinji
Published: September 2022

To determine the significance of increased Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) gene expression in the peripheral blood of patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AA), we analyzed serial changes in WT1 mRNA copy number (WT1cn) in 63 patients with AA as well as in five patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and seven patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). WT1cn was higher than the cut‐off (≥50 copies/μg RNA) at the time of the first measurement in 41% of untreated (60–190 copies/μg RNA [median 130]) and 59% of treated (59–520 copies/μg RNA [median 150]) AA patients. Although WT1cns gradually increased in most AA patients during the 2–105 months follow‐up period, they did not lead to clonal evolution except in three patients in whom the maximum change ratio of WT1cn (WT1cn‐change max), defined as the ratio of WT1cn at the first examination to that of the maximum value, exceeded 20.0 and who developed MDS at 2, 46, and 105 months. Increased WT1 gene expression was enriched in granulocytes rather than in mononuclear cells in most WT1‐positive AA patients and did not correlate with mutations of genes associated with myeloid malignancy. WT1cns were high at 690–5700 (median 2000) in MDS patients and remained high thereafter, while WT1cns in PNH patients (77–200; median 96) were similar to those in AA. Thus, moderate increases in WT1cns up to 600 are common in AA patients in stable remission. An increase in the WT1cn‐change max over 20.0 may portend transformation from AA to MDS.