bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of serum response factor in the lung mesenchyme is essential for development of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Bernau Ksenija , Leet Jonathan Paul , Bruhn Ellen Marie , Tubbs Austin James , Zhu Terry , Sandbo Nathan
Published: May 2021

Extracellular matrix deposition characterizes idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is orchestrated by myofibroblasts. The lung mesenchyme is an essential source of myofibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis. Although the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) has shown to be critical in the process of myofibroblast differentiation, its role in development of pulmonary fibrosis has not been determined in vivo. In this study, we observed that SRF expression localized to mesenchymal compartments, areas of dense fibrosis, and fibroblastic foci in human (IPF and normal) and bleomycin-treated mouse lungs. To determine the role of mesenchymal SRF in pulmonary fibrosis, we utilized a doxycycline-inducible, Tbx4 lung enhancer (Tbx4LE)-driven Cre-recombinase to disrupt SRF expression in the lung mesenchyme in vivo. Doxycycline-treated Tbx4LE-rtTA/TetO-Cre/tdTom/SRFf,f (and controls) were treated with a single intratracheal dose of bleomycin to induce pulmonary fibrosis and examined for lung mesenchymal expansion, pulmonary fibrosis, and inflammatory response. Bleomycin-treated Tbx4LE-rtTA/TetO-Cre/tdTom/SRFf,f mice showed decreased numbers of Tbx4LE-positive lung mesenchymal cells (LMCs) and collagen accumulation (via hydroxyproline assay) compared with controls. This effect was associated with SRF-null LMCs losing their proliferative and myofibroblast differentiation potential compared with SRF-positive controls. Together, these data demonstrate that SRF plays a critical role in LMC myofibroblast expansion during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This sets the stage for pharmacological strategies that specifically target SRF in the lung mesenchyme as a potential means of treating pulmonary fibrosis.
Perinatal activation of ERα and ERβ but not GPER-1 masculinizes female rat caudate-putamen medium spiny neuron electrophysiological properties
Authors: Cao Jinyan , Meitzen John
Published: May 2021

This study is the first to demonstrate that estradiol and estrogen receptor α and β stimulation during early development sexually differentiates the electrophysiological properties of caudate-putamen medium spiny neurons, the primary output neuron of the striatal regions. Overall, this evidence provides new insight into the neuroendocrine mechanism by which caudate-putamen neuron electrophysiology is sexually differentiated and demonstrates the powerful action of early hormone exposure upon individual neuron electrophysiology.
Inferring thalamocortical monosynaptic connectivity in vivo
Authors: Liew Yi Juin , Pala Aurélie , Whitmire Clarissa J. , Stoy William A. , Forest Craig R. , Stanley Garrett B.
Published: May 2021

Despite the fact that all brain function relies on the long-range transfer of information across different regions, the tools enabling us to measure connectivity across brain structures are lacking. Here, we provide a statistical framework for identifying and assessing potential monosynaptic connectivity across neuronal circuits from population spiking activity that generalizes to large-scale recording technologies that will help us to better understand the signaling within networks that underlies perception and behavior.
Norepinephrine in the avian auditory cortex enhances developmental song learning
Authors: Chen Yining , Sakata Jon T.
Published: May 2021

Although norepinephrine (NE) has been implicated in various forms of sensory learning, little is known about its contribution to sensory learning during critical periods in development. We reveal that pairing infusions of NE into the avian secondary auditory cortex with brief epochs of song tutoring significantly enhances auditory learning during the critical period for vocal learning. These data highlight the lasting impact of NE on sensory systems, cognition, and behavior.
Fracture and Fatigue Analyses of Cracked Structures Using the Iterative Method
Authors: Tian Longgang , Cheng Ziling
Published: May 2021

It is a quite challenging subject to efficiently perform fracture and fatigue analyses for complex structures with cracks in engineering. To precisely and efficiently study crack problems in practical engineering, an iterative method is developed in this study. The overall structure which contains no crack is analyzed by the traditional finite element method (FEM), and the crack itself is analyzed using analytical solution or other numerical solutions which are effective and efficient for solving crack problems. An iteration is carried out between the two abovementioned solutions, and the original crack problem could be solved based on the superposition principle. Several typical crack problems are studied using the present method, showing very high precision and efficiency of this method when making fracture and fatigue analyses of structures.
Research on the Failure and Fracture Evolution of Mylonite with a Prefabricated Circular Opening by Discrete Element Method
Authors: Li Kunmeng , Li Yuanhui , Xu Shuai , Xiong Zhipeng , An Long
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the failure and fracture process of mylonite with a prefabricated circular opening under biaxial loading is studied by PFC2D code. Firstly, the hoop stress change law of opening wall in the process of loading is theoretically analyzed and three fracture patterns of rocks are proposed. Secondly, the biaxial loading tests of mylonite for numerical simulation are carried out, and the failure and fracture are analyzed from three aspects of space‐time evolution of microcracks, energy conversion process, and final damage patterns. As the load progresses, the microcracks start to initiate at the side wall of the opening and the growth velocity of microcracks develops from the slow to fast and then slows down again. The final damage pattern of mylonite with a prefabricated circular opening belongs to shear fracture. The fracture zones start with the side wall spalling and then gradually extend to the border of the rock, which widen from the opening boundary to the border of the rock and slightly twist in the middle. The final fault zone width is about 6 times wider than the average size of simulation particles. Finally, based on the uniaxial compressive strength of mylonite in the laboratory, it is inferred that the fracture pattern of mylonite with a prefabricated circular opening by theoretical analysis is indeed shear failure, which is consistent with the result of numerical simulation.
Martial Arts Routine Training Method Based on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data of Lactate Measurement
Authors: Han Qi , Huo Shenglu , Li Rui
Published: May 2021

As a traditional Chinese sport, competitive martial arts routines have a long history. The competition rules are the unified norms and standards formulated for sports competitions. They are a yardstick for referees to judge the technical level and competitive ability of athletes and an essential basis for coaches during training. In particular, the new rules increase the difficulty of martial arts routines training and score, improve the balance movement of various groups, highlight the action specifications, increase the proportion of the score, and strengthen the scoring measures for the performance level. Subsequently, this puts higher requirements for the exceptional technical level of routine athletes. Therefore, it is vital to formulate scientific martial arts systematic training methods. This paper considers the above problem and current popular artificial intelligence technology and constructs a neural network algorithm to solve it. In addition, since lactic acid is a good monitoring indicator of the training load intensity and effect of martial arts routine exercises, this article also considers extensive lactate measurement data to construct martial arts systematic training methods. Through simulations, our experimental verification and the obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A Correlation among the COVID-19 Spread, Particulate Matters, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: A Review
Authors: Khan Zafran , Ualiyeva Daniya , Khan Asaf , Zaman Nasib , Sapkota Sanjeep , Khan Ayub , Ali Babar , Ghafoor Dawood
Published: May 2021

Air pollution (AP) is one of the leading causes of health risks because it causes widespread morbidity and mortality every year. Its impact on the environment includes acid rain and decreased visibility, but more importantly, it also has an impact on human health. The rise of COVID-19 demonstrates the cost of failing to manage AP. COVID-19 can be spread through the air, and atmospheric particulate matters (PMs) can create a good atmosphere for the long-distance spread of the virus. Moreover, these PMs can cause lung cell inflammation, thereby increasing sensitivity and the severity of symptoms in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we emphasized the potential role of PMs in the spread of COVID-19. The relationship among COVID-19, PMs, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (receptor involved in virus entry into lung cells and inflammation) was also summarized.
Common Best Proximity Point Theorems in JS-Metric Spaces Endowed with Graphs
Authors: Thangthong Chaiporn , Charoensawan Phakdi , Dangskul Supreedee , Phudolsitthiphat Narawadee
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we introduce a notion of

G

-proximal edge preserving and dominating

G

-proximal Geraghty for a pair of mappings, which will be used to present some existence and uniqueness results for common best proximity points. Here, the mappings are defined on subsets of a JS-metric space endowed with a directed graph. An example is also provided to support the results. Moreover, we apply our result to a similar setting, where the JS-metric space is endowed with a binary relation.
MiR-122 Participates in Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in STZ-Induced Pancreatic β Cells by Regulating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Jing , Dong Zhichun , Lou Liyin , Yang Lijuan , Qiu Jingying
Published: May 2021

At present, there are few reports concerning the relationship between miR-122 and diabetes. In addition, the effect of miR-122 on streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced oxidative damage in INS-1 cells remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role and modulatory mechanisms involving miR-122 in diabetes. STZ was used to induce INS-1 cell damage. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to investigate the expression of miR-122. A TUNEL cell apoptosis detection kit was used to detect apoptosis. Intracellular ROS levels were determined using dichlorofluorescein-diacetate. The activities of insulin secretion, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were measured using ELISA kits. Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, PI3K, p-PI3K, caspase-3 and caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-9, AKT, and p-AKT. Then, LY294002 (LY, PI3K inhibitor) was used to treat INS-1 cells, and oxidative stress and apoptosis were measured. The results showed that STZ-induced inhibitory effects on insulin secretion were mitigated by miR-122 inhibitor, and the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-px were also increased. Furthermore, miR-122 inhibitor inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress in STZ-induced INS-1 cells. Finally, the addition of LY increased insulin levels; reduced the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-px; and promoted apoptosis in STZ-induced INS-1 cells. In conclusion, interference with miR-122 can inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis in STZ-induced INS-1 cells, involving a mechanism of action related to the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Synergistic Effects of Co3O4-CeO2 Nanoparticles towards Catalytic Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Study in Association with Carbon Monoxide and Humidity
Authors: Dang-Bao Trung , Phan Hong Phuong , Nguyen Phung Anh , Vo Pham Phuong Trang , Huynh Van Tien , Nguyen Tri
Published: May 2021

In this study, a series of Co3O4-CeO2 nanocomposites with various Co3O4 loading were fabricated by the impregnation method using cobalt(II) acetate as the cobalt precursor for the treatment of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). The as-prepared Co3O4-CeO2 nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brumauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and temperature-programmed desorption (O2-TPD). The excellent reproduction of active oxygen species caused by the high dispersion of Co3O4 crystals on the CeO2 supports was established. In addition, the reduction peaks of Co3O4-CeO2 nanocomposites were found at much lower temperatures compared to pure CeO2, considering their unique redox property influencing on the high catalytic activity. Among the characterized materials, the 5.0 wt.% Co3O4 supported on CeO2 (5.0Co–Ce) was the best system for catalytic oxidation of xylene, along with excellent performances in the cases of benzene, ethylbenzene, and toluene. Its catalytic activity increased in the order:

benzene
<
xylene
<
ethylbenzene
<
toluene

. Furthermore, the addition of carbon monoxide (CO) as a coreactant permitted to improve the catalytic performances in such oxidations as well as the stability of as-prepared catalysts, even under humid conditions.
Design of Neutrosophic Self-Tuning PID Controller for AC Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Neutrosophic Theory
Authors: Fu Zhongliang , Liu Chunping , Ruan Shengyi , Chen Kun
Published: May 2021

In practical control applications, AC permanent magnet synchronous motors need to work in different response characteristics. In order to meet this demand, a controller which can independently realize the different response characteristics of the motor is designed based on neutrosophic theory and genetic algorithm. According to different response characteristics, neutrosophic membership functions are constructed. Then, combined with the cosine measure theorem and genetic algorithm, the neutrosophic self-tuning PID controller is designed. It can adjust the parameters of the controller according to response requirements. Finally, three kinds of controllers with typical system response characteristics are designed by using Simulink. The effectiveness of the designed controller is verified by simulation results.
Development and Alpha Testing of EzHifz Application: Al-Quran Memorization Tool
Authors: Mustafa Nor Musliza , Mohd Zaki Zulkifly , Mohamad Khairul Anuar , Basri Mokmin , Ariffin Sedek
Published: May 2021

Learning to memorize the Quran presents a challenge. This paper reports the development and alpha testing of a mobile application called “EzHifz” for Quran memorization based on the VARK learning style. The application received positive feedback for user acceptance testing and heuristic testing. The Fleiss kappa coefficient (κ) results for user acceptance testing show a very good level of agreement (κ = 0.850). Heuristic testing results show that κ = 0.731 for content, manual guide, memorization activities, performance information, and tasmik assessment attributes, while κ = 0.727 for presentation design, interactivity, multimedia elements, attraction, and motivation attributes. These results show a good level of agreement, which indicates that the EzHifz application meets the requirements of design and development based on the attributes evaluated. A combination of memorizing techniques in the application helps strengthen the use of preferred VARK learning styles. The techniques support the use of multiple senses that could facilitate the process of memorizing the Quran independently. This study contributes to the novel design and evaluation of the Quran memorization application based on the Quran memorization model. The application supports the teaching and learning of Quran memorization where it allows students to select their preferred VARK learning style with the technique of memorizing the Quran. This mobile application learning approach based on VARK’s learning style has the potential to be implemented in the process of memorizing the Quran as well as retaining memory through the use of memory senses in support of the learning materials developed.
GPS Sparse Multipath Signal Estimation Based on Compressive Sensing
Authors: He Guodong , Song Maozhong , Zhang Shanshan , Qin Huiping , Xie Xiaojuan
Published: May 2021

A GPS sparse multipath signal estimation method based on compressive sensing is proposed. A new 0 norm approximation function is designed, and the parameter of the approximate function is gradually reduced to realize the approximation of 0 norm. The sparse signal is reconstructed by a modified Newton method. The reconstruction performance of the proposed algorithm is better than several commonly reconstruction algorithms at different sparse numbers and noise intensities. The GPS sparse multipath signal model is established, and the sparse multipath signal is estimated by the proposed reconstruction algorithm in this paper. Compared with several commonly used estimation methods, the estimation error of the proposed method is lower.
Effect of Yijin-Tang, an Oriental Traditional Formula, on Allergic Responses Using an Ovalbumin-Induced Murine Asthma Model
Authors: Lee Se-Jin , Lee A. Yeong , Lim Je-Oh , Lee Ji Hye , Jung Tae-Yang , Pak So-Won , Kim Woong-Il , Seo Yoon Soo , Kim Jong-Choon , Ko Je-Won , Shin In-Sik
Published: May 2021

Yijin-tang is an oriental traditional herb used to treat inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of Yijin-tang water extract (YTE) using an ovalbumin- (OVA-) induced asthma model, focusing on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the herb. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with OVA on days 0 and 14 and then challenged with OVA on days 21, 22, and 23. The animals were orally administered YTE (200 and 400 mg/kg) from days 18 to 23, and this was found to significantly decrease airway hyperresponsiveness and release of inflammatory cells, cytokines, and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E in mice with asthma. In addition, YTE was associated with a marked reduction in airway inflammation and mucus production in lung tissue of mice with asthma. Furthermore, YTE suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and phosphorylation of ERK in the lungs, which in turn led to a reduction in inducible nitric oxide synthases and an elevation in reduced glutathione and heme oxygenase-1. In conclusion, YTE effectively suppressed allergic responses in mice with asthma and the effect was closely related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the herb. Our results indicate that YTE may be a potential agent for the treatment of allergic asthma.
Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis/Oxytosis in Ischemic Stroke: Possible Targets and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Ren Jia-Xin , Li Chao , Yan Xiu-Li , Qu Yang , Yang Yi , Guo Zhen-Ni
Published: May 2021

Oxidative stress is a key cause of ischemic stroke and an initiator of neuronal dysfunction and death, mainly through the overproduction of peroxides and the depletion of antioxidants. Ferroptosis/oxytosis is a unique, oxidative stress‐induced cell death pathway characterized by lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion. Both oxidative stress and ferroptosis/oxytosis have common molecular pathways. This review summarizes the possible targets and the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between oxidative stress and ferroptosis/oxytosis in ischemic stroke. This knowledge might help to further understand the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and open new perspectives for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Diagnostic Value of Combined Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Predicting Parametrial Infiltration in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Lin Ting-Ting , Li Xin-Xiang , Lv Wei-Fu , Dong Jiang-Ning , Wei Chao , Wang Ting-Ting , Wang Chuan-Bin , Zhang Ping
Published: May 2021

Objective. This study sought to determine the diagnostic value of combined intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in predicting parametrial infiltration (PMI) in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods. We enrolled 65 patients with cervical cancer confirmed by radical hysterectomy (25 PMI-negative and 40 PMI-positive) who underwent IVIM and DTI pretreatment. The parameters of IVIM (ADC, D, D

 
∗

, and f) and DTI (average diffusion coefficient (DCavg) and fractional anisotropy (FA)) were recorded by two observers. All parameter differences were tested, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to estimate the diagnostic performance of significant metrics and their combinations. Results. Compared to the PMI-negative group, the PMI-positive group had significantly lower D (0.632 ± 0.017 vs. 0.773 ± 0.024,

p
<
0.001

) and lower FA (0.073 ± 0.002 vs. 0.085 ± 0.003,

p
=
0.003

). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of D and FA was 0.801 and 0.726, respectively, and the combination of D and FA improved the AUC to 0.931, with a sensitivity and specificity of 80.0% and 97.5%, respectively. Conclusion. D and FA values could be used to help diagnose PMI in patients with cervical cancer. The combination of IVIM and DTI was more valuable than either option alone.
Evaluation of Intestinal Parasite Infection in Low and High Coverage of Graduated Households, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative-Based Crosssectional Study
Authors: Andargie Desalegn , Tegegne Yalewayker , Worku Ligabaw
Published: May 2021

Intestinal parasite infections are widely distributed and affect various segments of the population in Ethiopia as in many developing countries. The government launched an innovative program called Health Extension Program to increase the coverage of primary health care services, mainly by producing model households using model-family training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal parasite infection in low and high coverage of graduated households. Method. A community-based crosssectional study was conducted from February to June, 2019. A total of 478 participants were enrolled in this study by using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected by using pretested and semistructured questionnaire. Five grams of stool specimen was collected, and samples were processed using a direct wet mount and Kato Katz technique. Data were coded, entered, and cleaned using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20. A Chi-square test was employed to compare the two groups.

P

value < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Result. The prevalence rate of IPIs was 39% and 20.5% in LCGHH and HCGHH, respectively. A. lumbricoides was the predominant parasite, detected in 14.6% and 8.8% followed by S. mansoni 6.3% and 2.1% in LCGHH and HCGHH districts, respectively. LCGHH had significantly higher prevalence of A. lumbricoides, S. mansoni, and hookworm infections than the HCGHH district (

P
<
0.05

). Thirteen (18.8%) study participants in LCGHH and four (11.7%) in HCGHH showed heavy infection with the four common soil-transmitted helminths (A. lumbricoides, S. mansoni, hookworm, and T. trichiura). Among study participants who were positive for S. mansoni, 53.3% in LCGHH and 20% in HCGHH had heavy infection for the Kato thick smear used. Conclusion. The prevalence of IPIs is significantly higher in LCGHH than in the HCGHH district. Producing more model households by giving model family training to nonmodel households and strengthening the information, education, and communication package are crucial in the implementation of the HEP to decrease the prevalence of IPIs especially in LCGHH districts.
An End‐to‐End Rumor Detection Model Based on Feature Aggregation
Authors: Ye Aoshuang , Wang Lina , Wang Run , Wang Wenqi , Ke Jianpeng , Wang Danlei
Published: May 2021

The social network has become the primary medium of rumor propagation. Moreover, manual identification of rumors is extremely time‐consuming and laborious. It is crucial to identify rumors automatically. Machine learning technology is widely implemented in the identification and detection of misinformation on social networks. However, the traditional machine learning methods profoundly rely on feature engineering and domain knowledge, and the learning ability of temporal features is insufficient. Furthermore, the features used by the deep learning method based on natural language processing are heavily limited. Therefore, it is of great significance and practical value to study the rumor detection method independent of feature engineering and effectively aggregate heterogeneous features to adapt to the complex and variable social network. In this paper, a deep neural network‐ (DNN‐) based feature aggregation modeling method is proposed, which makes full use of the knowledge of propagation pattern feature and text content feature of social network event without feature engineering and domain knowledge. The experimental results show that the feature aggregation model has achieved 94.4% of accuracy as the best performance in recent works.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Bearing Behavior of Curved Continuous Twin I‐Girder Composite Bridge with Precast Concrete Slab
Authors: Shen Chuandong , Song Yifan , Yan Lei , Li Yuan , Ma Xiaowei , He Shuanhai , Han Xiaodong
Published: May 2021

Curved twin I‐girder composite bridge (TGCB) is becoming popular in Chinese highway bridge building. To study its ultimate bearing behavior, in this paper, one 1 : 5 scale intact model of a two‐span curved continuous TGCB was tested to failure to evaluate its safety reserve and ductility. Afterwards, based on the experimental result, 3D FE models were developed and validated. At last, using the validated 3D FE models, the effect of construction scheme, radius of curvature, yield strength of steel, concrete compressive strength, crossbeams, and bottom lateral bracings on the ultimate bearing capacity were examined. The experimental results showed that the ultimate load (Pu) is approximate 13.6 times the service equivalent load. The cracking load and yielding load are approximately 0.12 and 0.47 Pu, respectively. The ductility coefficients are 4.06∼4.40. These above may indicate that the TGCB designed according to Chinese codes has good safety reserve and ductility. From parameter analysis results, it was concluded that the TGCB with full‐support construction scheme has larger yield load and ultimate load compared with the one with erecting machine construction scheme. On the other hand, the ultimate bearing capacity reduces nonlinearly with the increase of curvature. Besides, the yield strength of steel, crossbeams, and bottom lateral bracings has a significant effect on the ultimate bearing capacity of curved TGCB. And the smaller the radius of curvature, the more obvious the effect of the latter two factors is. Unfortunately, it is unwise to continuous to improve the ultimate load by increasing the grade of steel for the TGCB when steel grade exceeds Q390. Moreover, in consideration of the big difference in bearing capacity between the inner girder and outer girder of the TGCB with small radius of curvature as well as the economy, it is suggested that the inner and outer steel girders of that TGCB should be designed differently.
Lie Symmetry Analysis and Dynamics of Exact Solutions of the (2+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Sharma–Tasso–Olver Equation
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Khan Ilyas , Rani Setu , Ghanbari Behzad
Published: May 2021

In soliton theory, the dynamics of solitary wave solutions may play a crucial role in the fields of mathematical physics, plasma physics, biology, fluid dynamics, nonlinear optics, condensed matter physics, and many others. The main concern of this present article is to obtain symmetry reductions and some new explicit exact solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional Sharma–Tasso–Olver (STO) equation by using the Lie symmetry analysis method. The infinitesimals for the STO equation were achieved under the invariance criteria of Lie groups. Then, the two stages of symmetry reductions of the governing equation are obtained with the help of an optimal system. Meanwhile, this Lie symmetry method will reduce the STO equation into new partial differential equations (PDEs) which contain a lesser number of independent variables. Based on numerical simulation, the dynamical characteristics of the solitary wave solutions illustrate multiple-front wave profiles, solitary wave solutions, kink wave solitons, oscillating periodic solitons, and annihilation of parabolic wave structures via 3D plots.
Data Mining Algorithm for Physical Health Monitoring of Young Students Based on Big Data
Authors: Sun Jiangang , Jiang Xiaoran , Yuan Guoliang , Chen Zhenhuai
Published: May 2021

With the continuous improvement of living standards, the level of physical development of adolescents has improved significantly. The physical functions and healthy development of adolescents are relatively slow and even appear to decline. This paper proposes a novel data mining algorithm based on big data for monitoring of adolescent student’s physical health to overcome this problem and enhance young people’s physical fitness and mental health. Since big data technology has positive practical significance in promoting young people’s healthy development and promoting individual health rights, this article will implement commonly used data mining algorithms and Hadoop/Spark big data processing. The algorithm on different platforms verified that the big data platform has good computing performance for the data mining algorithm by comparing the running time. The current work will prove to be a complete physical health data management system and effectively save, process, and analyze adolescents’ physical test data.
Research and Application of Open‐Off Cut Roof Cutting Pressure Releasing Technology
Authors: Ma Xingen , He Manchao , Li Weidong , Wang Yilong , Li Lifeng , Sun Xiaohu , Li Yongyuan , Gu Leiyu , Sha Xingfeng
Published: May 2021

The first weighting control is one of the difficult problems that cannot be avoided in the safe and efficient production of longwall mining face. To optimize the existing pressure releasing technology of open‐off cut, the open‐off cut roof cutting pressure releasing (OCRCPR) technology is put forward on the basis of roof cutting pressure releasing gob‐side entry retaining (RCPRGER) technology. Firstly, the mechanism of the technology and the design method of related key parameters are summarized. Then the pressure releasing effect of OCRCPR and the stress environment change under this technology are analyzed by mechanics calculation and numerical simulation, respectively, which verify the feasibility of the OCRCPR technology from the theoretical level. Finally, a test mining face is taken as an example to implement the field test. The field test results show that the OCRCPR can effectively shorten the first weighting step and weaken the first weighting strength and has a good pressure releasing effect.
Simulating the Formation of Blasting‐Excavation‐Induced Zonal Integration in Deep Tunnels with an Elastoplastic Damage Model
Authors: Gao Qiang , Liu Chuanxiao , Zhang Jian , Cheng Guangtan
Published: May 2021

More deep tunneling projects will be constructed due to the increasing demand of underground energy and resource. The zonal disintegration phenomena are frequently encountered with the surrounding rock of deep tunnels. To explain the mechanisms underlying the formation of zonal disintegration, an elastoplastic damage model and failure criterion are proposed in this study based on the strain gradient theory and the damage property of rock mass. A coupling calculation subroutine is thereafter developed by the ABAQUS code. The dynamic formation and development regularity of zonal disintegration in the deep tunnel are simulated by this subroutine. The radial displacement, radial stress, and tangential stress show the oscillated variation of peaks and troughs alternately. The coupling effect of the blasting load and the initial geostress transient unloading leads to the variation of alternation oscillation in the surrounding rock stress field, which is an important reason for the zonal disintegration of the surrounding rock. The morphological characteristics of fractured zones and nonfractured zones obtained from numerical simulations are in good agreement with the results from the in situ observations, which confirm the correctness and feasibility of the damage and numerical approach. The method proposed in the current study can be utilized to provide a basis for the prediction and supporting design of fractured modes.
Visualization of Intratumor Pharmacokinetics of [fam-] Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (DS-8201a) in HER2 Heterogeneous Model Using Phosphor-integrated Dots Imaging Analysis
Authors: Suzuki Mikiko , Yagishita Shigehiro , Sugihara Kiyoshi , Ogitani Yusuke , Nishikawa Tadaaki , Ohuchi Mayu , Teishikata Takashi , Jikoh Takahiro , Yatabe Yasushi , Yonemori Kan , Tamura Kenji , Hasegawa Kosei , Hamada Akinobu
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

We assessed the intratumor pharmacokinetics of [fam-] trastuzumab deruxtecan, T-DXd (known as DS-8201a), a novel HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate, using phosphor-integrated dots (PID)-imaging analysis to elucidate its pharmacologic mechanism.

Experimental Design:

We used two mouse xenograft models administered T-DXd at the concentration of 4 mg/kg: (i) a heterogeneous model in which HER2-positive and HER2-negative cell lines were mixed, and (ii) a homogeneous model in which both cell types were transplanted separately into the same mouse. PID imaging involved immunostaining using novel high-intensity fluorescent nanoparticles. The distribution of T-DXd was assessed by PID imaging targeting the parent antibody, trastuzumab, and the payload, DXd, in serial frozen sections, respectively.

Results:

After T-DXd administration in the heterogeneous model, HER2 expression tended to decrease in a time-dependent manner. The distribution of trastuzumab and DXd was observed by PID imaging along the HER2-positive area throughout the observation period. A detailed comparison of the PID distribution between trastuzumab and DXd showed that trastuzumab matched almost perfectly with the HER2-positive area. In contrast, DXd exhibited widespread distribution in the surrounding HER2-negative area as well. In the HER2-negative tumor of the homogeneous model, the PID distribution of trastuzumab and DXd remained extremely low throughout the observation period.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that T-DXd is distributed to tumor tissues via trastuzumab in a HER2-dependent manner and then to adjacent HER2-negative areas. We successfully visualized the intratumor distribution of T-DXd and its mechanism of action, the so-called “bystander effect.”
Effect of Experimental Fanconi Syndrome on Tubular Reabsorption of Lithium in Rats
Authors: Uwai Yuichi , Nabekura Tomohiro
Published: May 2021

Lithium, administered to patients of bipolar disorders, is mainly excreted into urine, and tubular reabsorption at the proximal tubule is involved in the renal handling of lithium. In this study, we examined the renal excretion of lithium in rats with Fanconi syndrome, characterized by defects of transports of various compounds at the proximal tubules, induced by maleic acid. After maleic acid was intravenously injected, mannitol and lithium chloride were infused in turn. Using samples of plasma and bladder urine during the mannitol infusion, renal parameters were determined. Pharmacokinetic parameters of lithium were obtained using samples during the lithium chloride infusion. Maleic acid decreased creatinine clearance and increased the fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate, suggesting the induction of Fanconi syndrome. In rats with Fanconi syndrome, plasma concentration of lithium was increased, and its renal clearance was decreased. No effect on the fractional excretion of lithium was exhibited. This study represents that the tubular reabsorption of lithium was impaired to the same degree with glomerular filtration in rats with experimental Fanconi syndrome and that the dysfunction of the tubular reabsorption of glucose and phosphate was more severe. It is possible that Fanconi syndrome inhibited the reabsorption of lithium at the proximal tubule and facilitated the reabsorption of lithium from the loop of Henle to the collecting duct.
Non-Bullous Pemphigoid: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Moar Agata , Azzolini Alan , Tessari Gianpaolo , Schena Donatella , Girolomoni Giampiero
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune disease that typically presents with blisters, but sometimes early lesions may be eczematous, maculopapular, or urticarial. The aim of the present study was to highlight possible differences between typical bullous and non-bullous pemphigoid (NBP) and compare results with the literature. Material & methods: Patients receiving a diagnosis of BP between January 2000 and December 2019 were analyzed. Patients who developed a blister after 3 months from the onset of pruritus were considered as NBP. Demographic features, clinical findings at diagnosis and at 2-year follow-up, histological features, auto-antibodies titers, comorbidities and their treatment were retrieved. Categorical variables were evaluated for normal distribution using a histogram and a Q-Q plot. The χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables between the groups. Continuous variables were compared between the groups using analysis of variance and the independent-samples t test. For multivariate analysis, logistic regression was performed. Results: A total of 532 patients received a diagnosis of BP. A total of 122 patients were enrolled in the study; 63 were females, and the mean age at the diagnosis was 77.2 years (±11.9 SD). 98 were affected by BP and 24 were categorized as NBP. Mean time to diagnosis was 2.9 months (±5.8 SD) for BP and 30.4 months (±59.8 SD) for NBP (p = 0.0001). Skin manifestations in NBP patients were, in order of frequency: urticarial, papular or nodular, eczematous, and excoriations. Pruritus intensity was high but similar in the two groups (Numerical Rating Scale – NRS, 9.3 vs. 8.9). Seven out of 24 NBP patients (29%) never developed blisters; the other patients developed blisters after a mean follow-up time of 24.9 months (±54.9 SD). NBP patients had a more frequent history of myocardial infarction than BP patients (37.5 vs. 10.2%; p < 0.003). More NBP patients were taking diuretics than BP patients (66.7 vs. 49%; p = 0.03). NBP patients had a worse response to pruritus compared to BP patients at 2 years (NRS 3.7 vs. 11; p 0.001). Conclusions: NBP patients have a delayed diagnosis and may be at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, especially myocardial infarction. Severely and persistently itchy skin disorders in aged patients should be investigated for BP diagnosis.
Varying Outcomes among Patients with Large Angiomyolipomas according to the Treatment Method
Authors: Chan Park Myeong , Park Sejun , Kim Seong Cheol , Park Sungchan , Moon Kyung Hyun , Cheon Sang Hyeon , Hwang Jae Cheol , Kwon Taekmin
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of large angiomyolipoma (AML) treatment by selective arterial embolization (SAE) versus nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) using a robotic surgical system. Materials and Methods: Between January 2011 and June 2018, we retrospectively reviewed 25 patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) or SAE for large AMLs. Ten patients underwent RAPN, and 15 underwent SAE. Patient demographics, AML characteristics, and operative and postoperative clinical outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Outcomes were compared between patients who underwent RAPN and patients who underwent SAE. Specifically, changes in renal function and size were evaluated after the treatment. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.9 years, and 22 of 25 patients were female. The mean maximum AML diameter on computed tomography was 8.9 cm, and 8 patients had multiple masses. Twenty-two of 25 patients had moderate to high RENAL complexity. Patients who underwent SAE had more symptoms (p = 0.018) and higher RENAL complexity scores (p = 0.013) on average. On average, tumor size decreased by 99% among RAPN patients and by 58% among SAE patients (p = 0.001). Although the mean pretreatment estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was higher among RAPN patients (99.8 vs. 80.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.043), there were no significant changes in eGFR in either group after the treatment. One patient in the RAPN group experienced complications, but the postoperative ileus resolved without intervention. Conclusions: Both RAPN and SAE were effective and feasible treatment options for large AMLs. The AML characteristics and the condition of the patient might be important in determining the appropriate treatment method.
Novel Algorithm for the Differential Diagnosis of Hyponatraemia in Anuric Patients Undergoing Maintenance Haemodialysis
Authors: Vitova Lenka , Tothova Monika , Schuck Otto , Horackova Miroslava
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Hyponatraemia is associated with increased mortality in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. In anuric patients, hyponatraemia development depends on the water-sodium ratio in retained fluid within the interdialysis interval (IDI). Objective: This study aimed to calculate the retained sodium-retained water ratio in patients on maintenance haemodialysis and make a differential diagnosis of hyponatraemia according to these data. Methods: The amount of retained water was determined as body weight gain (ΔBW) within the IDI. Sodium retention was calculated using our formula: eRNa+ = ΔBW × (SNa+)t2 − total body water (TBW)t1 × ([SNa+]t1 − [SNa+]t2), where TBW represents the calculated volume of the total body water and (SNa+)t1 and (SNa+)t2 represent the sodium concentration at the beginning and at the end of the IDI, respectively. We performed 89 measurements in 32 anuric patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Results: Hyponatraemia was detected in 13 measurements at the end of the IDI. The ΔBW had no statistically significant difference between normonatraemic and hyponatraemic patients. Hyponatraemic patients had significantly lower levels of retained sodium. The retained water-­retained sodium ratio facilitated in differentiating dilution hyponatraemia, nutritional hyponatraemia, depletion hyponatraemia, and dilution hyponatraemia associated with sodium wasting or malnutrition. Conclusion: The composition of retained fluid during the IDI may be hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic in relation to the extracellular fluid. Most of the hyponatraemic patients had hypotonic fluid retained during the IDI because of dilution as well as gastrointestinal sodium loss and/or malnutrition.
Escola remota: como resistir à domesticação da experiência escolar?
Authors: Klinko Janaina , Carvalho José Sérgio Fonseca de
Published: May 2021

Frente ao contexto crítico da pandemia do COVID-19 e de seus efeitos nas práticas educacionais, este artigo pretende recuperar aspectos fundamentais da experiência escolar. Ele estabelece uma compreensão da escola como um espaço e um tempo de transição entre os âmbitos privado e público; como forma de separação da ordem produtiva e como anteparo ao universo familiar. A partir dessas definições, o texto assinala que a diluição das fronteiras entre casa e mundo dificulta que a escola venha a operar como um tempo-espaço de alternância em relação à família. E, tendo em vista as restrições ocasionadas pelo necessário distanciamento social, interroga-se sobre possíveis consequências da virtualidade imposta pelas práticas do ensino remoto, principalmente no que tange ao risco de uma domesticação da escola.
Uma Respublica Cristã Seiscentista na Accomodatio Jesuítica: as fundações e a polêmica no caso de Madurai, entre Ásia e ecos americanos
Authors: Agnolin Adone
Published: May 2021

Esse trabalho analisa o peculiar projeto missionário proposto pelo jesuíta italiano Roberto de’ Nobili, em Madurai, no Sul da Índia, a partir do começo do século XVII e a decorrente polêmica suscitada no interior da própria Companhia de Jesus, além que junto a algumas autoridades de Goa e junto a uma parte da Congregação de Propaganda Fide de Roma. A proposta de de’ Nobili se realiza a partir desse contexto polêmico e do eco da reflexão de seu irmão na ordem jesuítica, no Peru, José de Acosta. Os dois âmbitos missionários são ligados às estratégias da “acomodação” e da “redução” e se entrelaçaram entre si estabelecendo uma dialética que envolvia um eco e uma correspondência tipicamente ortopráticos entre rituais e sacramentos em toda sua capacidade de construir uma “grelha jurídica” de cristianização do mundo: mas, observe-se atentamente, enquanto uma específica forma de “civilização”, jurídica e antropológica, construída no interior do Ocidente.
Cartografias da derrota: rememorações marxistas e melancolia política
Authors: Rubbo Deni Ireneu Alfaro , Tega Danielle
Published: May 2021

Resenha do livro: TRAVERSO, Enzo. Melancolia de esquerda: marxismo, história e memória. Belo Horizonte/Veneza, Editora Âyiné, 2018.
Inherited Variants in
SCARB1
Cause Severe Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Koenig Sara N. , Sucharski Holly C. , Jose Elizabeth M. , Dudley Emma K. , Madiai Francesca , Cavus Omer , Argall Aaron D. , Williams Jordan L. , Murphy Nathaniel P. , Keith Caullin B. R. , El Refaey Mona , Gumina Richard J. , Boudoulas Konstantinos D. , Milks M. Wesley , Sofowora Gbemiga , Smith Sakima A. , Hund Thomas J. , Wright Nathan T. , Bradley Elisa A. , Zareba Karolina M. , Wold Loren E. , Mazzaferri Ernest L. , Mohler Peter J.
Published: May 2021

Rationale:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a pervasive and critical health care problem. Elevated high-density lipoprotein-associated cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with improved atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease outcomes on a population level, but clinical trials aimed at HDL-C elevation have not succeeded in improving atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease event risk. Nevertheless, human variants in the HDL receptor, encoded by
SCARB1
, are associated with dyslipidemia, suggesting that HDL metabolism, not HDL-C, is a suitable target for therapy. However, variants in
SCARB1
have never been directly attributed to CAD by Mendelian inheritance.

Objective:

To determine if compound heterozygous variants in
SCARB1
cause disease in 2 brothers with severe, early-onset CAD.

Methods and Results:

Using whole exome sequencing, we have identified rare, compound heterozygous variants in
SCARB1
that segregate with severe, premature CAD, following patterns of Mendelian inheritance. Using induced pluripotent stem cell–derived hepatocyte-like cells from the proband, we discovered the maternal variant (c.754_755delinsC) to be the first identified
SCARB1
null allele, characterized by the absence of RNA and protein expression. Further, we demonstrate that the variant on the paternal allele (c.956G>T [p.G319V]) results in decreased cholesterol uptake, decreased SR-BI:HDL binding, and increased affinity for SR-BI dimerization. Finally, we generated a p.G319V knock-in mouse model that displays nearly 100% homozygous lethality and elevated plasma cholesterol in heterozygous animals, confirming pathogenicity of this variant.

Conclusions:

In summary, our data provide the first molecular mechanism to show the Mendelian inheritance of CAD as a result of human
SCARB1
variants. The rarity of these variants supports pathogenicity in this family. Furthermore, SR-BI p.G319V, which has previously been reported benign in the context of heterozygosity, was uniquely presented alongside a null allele, demonstrating the disease-contributing capability of loss-of-function
SCARB1
variants within the population.