bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-stage convolutional neural network for segmentation and detection of carotid web on CT angiography
Authors: Kuang Hulin , Tan Xianzhen , Bala Fouzi , Huang Jialiang , Zhang Jianhai , Alhabli Ibrahim , Benali Faysal , Singh Nishita , Ganesh Aravind , Coutts Shelagh B , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D , Qiu Wu , Menon Bijoy K
Published: June 2024

Background

Carotid web (CaW) is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, mainly in young patients with stroke of undetermined etiology. Its detection is challenging, especially among non-experienced physicians.

Methods

We included patients with CaW from six international trials and registries of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Identification and manual segmentations of CaW were performed by three trained radiologists. We designed a two-stage segmentation strategy based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). At the first stage, the two carotid arteries were segmented using a U-shaped CNN. At the second stage, the segmentation of the CaW was first confined to the vicinity of the carotid arteries. Then, the carotid bifurcation region was localized by the proposed carotid bifurcation localization algorithm followed by another U-shaped CNN. A volume threshold based on the derived CaW manual segmentation statistics was then used to determine whether or not CaW was present.

Results

We included 58 patients (median (IQR) age 59 (50–75) years, 60% women). The Dice similarity coefficient and 95th percentile Hausdorff distance between manually segmented CaW and the algorithm segmented CaW were 63.20±19.03% and 1.19±0.9 mm, respectively. Using a volume threshold of 5 mm3, binary classification detection metrics for CaW on a single artery were as follows: accuracy: 92.2% (95% CI 87.93% to 96.55%), precision: 94.83% (95% CI 88.68% to 100.00%), sensitivity: 90.16% (95% CI 82.16% to 96.97%), specificity: 94.55% (95% CI 88.0% to 100.0%), F1 measure: 0.9244 (95% CI 0.8679 to 0.9692), area under the curve: 0.9235 (95%CI 0.8726 to 0.9688).

Conclusions

The proposed two-stage method enables reliable segmentation and detection of CaW from head and neck CT angiography.
Dynamical properties of a small heterogeneous chain network of neurons in discrete time
Authors: Ghosh Indranil , Nair Anjana S. , Fatoyinbo Hammed Olawale , Muni Sishu Shankar
Published: June 2024

We propose a novel nonlinear bidirectionally coupled heterogeneous chain network whose dynamics evolve in discrete time. The backbone of the model is a pair of popular map-based neuron models, the Chialvo and the Rulkov maps. This model is assumed to proximate the intricate dynamical properties of neurons in the widely complex nervous system. The model is first realized via various nonlinear analysis techniques: fixed point analysis, phase portraits, Jacobian matrix, and bifurcation diagrams. We observe the coexistence of chaotic and period-4 attractors. Various codimension-1 and -2 patterns for example saddle-node, period-doubling, Neimark–Sacker, double Neimark–Sacker, flip- and fold-Neimark–Sacker, and 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 resonance are also explored. Furthermore, the study employs two synchronization measures to quantify how the oscillators in the network behave in tandem with each other over a long number of iterations. Finally, a time series analysis of the model is performed to investigate its complexity in terms of sample entropy.
At Most Five Limit Cycles in a Class of Discontinuous Piecewise Linear Systems with Three Zones
Authors: Tababouchet Ines , Berbache Aziza
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we study the maximum number of limit cycles where planar discontinuous piecewise differential systems can exist formed by three regions separated by a nonregular line. We show that such discontinuous piecewise linear systems can have at most five limit cycles, two of which are of the four intersection points type, the third one is of the two intersection points type and the other two are of three intersection points type. In a setting, we have solved the extended 16th Hilbert problem for these discontinuous piecewise linear differential systems.
Conjugacy growth of free nilpotent groups
Authors: Greenfeld Be’eri
Published: June 2024

We calculate the conjugacy growth of 2-step free nilpotent groups, extending a previous analysis of Guba and Sapir of the conjugacy growth of the Heisenberg group.
Nucleation, crystal growth, XRD, optical, electrical, PC, SEM, SHG and Z-scan analysis of LHPP for NLO and optical limiting application
Authors: Alexandar A. , Sahaya Infant Lasalle B. , Senthil Pandian Muthu , Sabari Girisun T. C. , Joseph Wilson K. S. , Shanmugaraju A.
Published: June 2024

High-quality organic L-histidinium 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol (LHPP) single crystals were grown using an aqueous solution. The crystals were grown using slow evaporation solution technique (SEST) at a temperature of 40°C using a constant temperature bath (CTB). Nucleation growth rates were monitored for various durations using an optical microscope. The crystalline perfection was confirmed through sharp, high-intensity diffraction peaks observed in the theoretical and experimental powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, which also confirmed the monoclinic crystal structure with the noncentrosymmetric P21 space group. The crystallite size and strain were calculated using Williamson–Hall coefficient. Vibrational frequency assignments of LHPP were determined using FTIR spectroscopic analysis. Optical properties were studied using UV–Vis NIR spectroscopic studies, which showed that the crystals have very low absorption and high transmittance in the entire visible region. Additionally, the optical energy bandgap (Eg) was calculated and found to be 6.15[Formula: see text]eV. Luminescence properties were studied using fluorescence (FL) analysis. Dielectric investigations were subjected to varying frequencies to study the suitability of the crystal for transistor application. The positive photoconductive (PC) nature of the crystal was confirmed using photoconductivity studies to confirm suitability for photodetector devices that measure the intensity of light rays. Etching studies revealed the growth pattern and the formation of different kinds of etch pits. The surface morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical studies were also carried out. The relative second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the material was also examined and found to be 1.34 times that of standard KDP. The optical limiting and higher-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the grown crystals were studied by the [Formula: see text]-scan method using a Nd: YAG laser functioning at 532[Formula: see text]nm.
Development of a Two-Level Seismic Performance Indicator for a High-Speed Railway Vehicle–Track–Tunnel System
Authors: Xia Shengqi , Chen Zhiyi , Li Liqun
Published: June 2024

The ongoing expansion of high-speed railway systems in seismically active regions necessitates improved methods for evaluating the seismic resilience of the railway infrastructure. This study aimed to develop and establish a seismic performance indicator for coupled vehicle–track–tunnel systems to facilitate the assessment of safety under earthquake conditions. A refined finite element model was created, capturing the intricate dynamical interactions between a high-speed train, the track, and the tunnel, with a particular focus on the heterogeneity of the soil stratum. The model, synthesized through a joint simulation using HyperMesh and ABAQUS, was validated with theoretical solutions and experimental data, enhancing its predictive reliability of the system’s seismic response. The research resulted in the innovation of a two-level seismic performance indicator, offering a quantitative tool for evaluating the integrity and safety of a high-speed railway tunnel during seismic events. Although the performance indicator has shown promise in initial validations, it is emphasized that continued verification and refinement are paramount for ensuring its adaptability across various seismic scenarios. The contribution of this research lies in providing a novel, rigorous approach for the seismic design evaluation, which is critical for advancing the safety standards of high-speed railway infrastructures.
Temperature and Tension Speed-Dependent Interface Properties Between Polymers and Ceramics or Metals
Authors: Hu Linhui , Duan Mingzheng , Wang Shuai , Liang Lihong
Published: June 2024

Interfaces between polymers and ceramics or metals have wide applications in mechanical, electronic and chemical engineering. Loading speed and temperature have certain influence on interface properties, which affect their application in the service environment. In this paper, the interface intrinsic strength of polypropylene (PP)/silicon oxide (SiO[Formula: see text] and polyethylene (PE)/aluminum are studied based on molecular dynamic (MD) tensile method at low temperature and loading speed first. Then changes of interface properties are studied by increasing loading speed and temperature, respectively. The results indicate that interface strength increases or decreases with increasing loading speed or temperature. The interface damage mechanism related to the evolution of free volume is revealed.
The dual role of Dy3+ in a novel Sr2Al2SiO7:Eu2+, Dy3+ long-persistent luminescence glass–ceramic
Authors: Pan Xueyi , Song Tuo , Yanga Xinyu , Xia Wei
Published: June 2024

A novel Sr2Al2SiO7:Eu[Formula: see text], Dy[Formula: see text] long-persistent luminescence (LPL) glass–ceramic has been successfully synthesized by the recrystallization-melting method in the SrO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-Li2 O glass system. The glass–ceramic form enhances the plasticity of the material compared to traditional Sr2Al2SiO7:Eu[Formula: see text], Dy[Formula: see text] phosphorescence powders. Additionally, the Dy[Formula: see text] ions serve a dual role as fluorescence emission centers and sensitizers for afterglow. By controlling the concentration of Dy[Formula: see text], the characteristic fluorescence intensity can be adjusted to achieve color-tunable photoluminescence. Besides, Dy[Formula: see text] ions, as trap centers, capture the electrons, resulting in a longer afterglow than the Eu[Formula: see text] singly doped sample. After exposure to ultraviolet light, the initial brightness intensity of the Dy:Eu = 16:1 sample increases to 1525 mcd/m2, and the emission lasts for 30 min. These optimized bulk materials, with unique luminous properties, have potential applications in future optoelectronic devices.
Highly porous P(DVB-AMPS) copolymer with tailored surface engineering for efficient fluoride capture from water
Authors: Li Shuaili , Zhu Renwu , Zhang Fengjun , Mei Jun , Sun Daosheng , Li Yaru , Wang Xianbiao
Published: June 2024

Surface engineering, especially surface hydrophilicity and active binding sites are crucial for porous polymers in the removal of fluoride ions from water. Herein, a novel P(DVB-AMPS) copolymer with tailored surface engineering was designed through a one-step polymerization method by incorporating diethylene-benzene (DVB) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS). AMPS endows abundant active binding sites and provides P(DVB-AMPS) with both hydrophilicity and affinity for fluoride ions, while the monomer DVB acting as a crosslinker, facilitating pore generating. The surface hydrophilicity of P(DVB-AMPS) could be easily tuned by increasing the amounts of AMPS with the contact angle decreased from 126[Formula: see text] (PDVB) to 52[Formula: see text]. Furthermore, P(DVB-AMPS) material maintains a large specific surface area of 428 m2 ⋅ g[Formula: see text] and preserves its highly porous structure. P(DVB-AMPS) exhibits an efficient adsorption capacity (51.9 mg ⋅ g[Formula: see text]) and a rapid adsorption rate (6.83 mg ⋅ g[Formula: see text] ⋅ min[Formula: see text]), which demonstrates competitive performance compared with previous reports. Importantly, the material possesses highly selective adsorption toward fluoride. The excellent adsorption performance of P(DVB-AMPS) is attributed to the high porosity, improved surface hydrophilicity and active binding sites. This work not only provides a new strategy for designing high-performance adsorbents but also offers a novel polymer material for the efficient capture of fluoride ions from water.
Tuning of Optoelectronic Characteristics of Quinoxalineimide-based Novel Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Sufyan Muhammad , Irshad Zobia , Hussain Riaz , Darwish Hany W. , Atiq Kainat , Lim Jongchul
Published: June 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made remarkable progress due to developing novel materials and device architectures. Herein, we designed six new non-fullerene acceptors (QM1–QM6) having a quinoxalineimide (QI) as the central-building-block. We aimed to explore the potential of QI-containing structures for developing high-performance acceptors for OSCs. These designed molecules possess a fusion of the QI unit with a thienylthiophene backbone and are equipped with various efficient end-capping groups. Extensive theoretical calculations were carried out to evaluate the structural and charge distribution characteristics, including the optical, optoelectronics, density of states, transition density matrix, molecular electrostatic potential (ESP), reorganization energies, and photovoltaic properties. The results revealed that the designed series exhibited improved electron–hole pair coherences, efficient charge transportation, and favorable ESP patterns, suggesting their suitability for enhanced optical and electronic characteristics. Furthermore, the hole and electron overlap analyses demonstrated significant overlap in QM1–QM6, indicating efficient charge transfer and higher charge mobilities. Additionally, the analysis of reorganization energies showed low reorganization energy values, indicating favorable charge mobility rates and potential for high-efficiency solar cell devices. This research establishes a strong foundation for utilizing QI-containing fused units as central building blocks for designing high-performance acceptors, opening up new avenues for advancements in OSCs technology.
Image Segmentation Model for Vicinagearth Security Technology of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Improved Pigeon-Inspired Optimization
Authors: Su Hang , Sun Yongbin , Zeng Zhigang , Duan Haibin
Published: June 2024

The vicinagearth security technology system covers a wide range of fields such as low-altitude security, underwater security, and cross-domain security. Among them, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) security will become one of the evolving forms of its security technology, and how to improve the segmentation and recognition ability of UAV visual reconnaissance system for maritime targets through improvement will become the key to low-altitude security. Due to the fact that maritime target images are characterized by complex weather, strong interference, high speed requirement and large data volume, the traditional segmentation methods are not suitable for maritime small-target (MST) segmentation and recognition. Therefore, this paper proposes a threshold image segmentation (TIS) method based on an improved pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm to provide a better method for segmentation and recognition of MST. First, this study proposes CCPIO based on the horizontal crossover search (HCS) and vertical crossover search (VCS) strategy, which effectively improves the search efficiency of PIO and the ability to jump out of local optimum. And the optimization performance of CCPIO is effectively verified by comparing it with 10 peer algorithms through benchmark function experiments. Further, in this paper, the proposed CCPIO-TIS segmentation model is proposed by combining CCPIO with non-local means, 2D histogram, and Kapur’s entropy. The proposed CCPIO-TIS model is also used for the segmentation and recognition of real MST images, and the results of the experimental comparison and evaluation analysis show that the proposed model has higher quality segmentation results than 12 models of the same type. In summary, this study can provide an efficient and accurate artificial intelligence model for segmentation and recognition of maritime small-target.
Triple Helix
Authors: Rucher Soneyaa
Published: June 2024

From the intersection of computational science and technological speculation, with boundaries limited only by our ability to imagine what could be.

In the future, human DNA and AI become intertwined, forming a Triple Helix that predicts---and directs---human behavior.
Syndecans in hematopoietic cells and their niches
Authors: Hagen Matthew W. , Setiawan Nicollette J. , Woodruff Kelsey A. , Termini Christina M.
Published: June 2024

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are a family of glycoproteins that modulate cell signaling by binding growth factors and changing their bioavailability. Syndecans are a specific family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans that regulate cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. In this review, we will summarize emerging evidence for the functions of syndecans in the normal and malignant blood systems and their microenvironments. More specifically, we detail the known functions of syndecans within normal hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, we discuss the functions of syndecans in hematological malignancies, including myeloid malignancies, lymphomas, and bleeding disorders. As normal and malignant hematopoietic cells require cues from their microenvironments to function, we also summarize the roles of syndecans in cells of the stromal, endothelial, and osteolineage compartments. Syndecan biology is a rapidly evolving field; a comprehensive understanding of these molecules and their place in the hematopoietic system promises to improve our grasp on disease processes and better predict the efficacies of growth factor-targeting therapies.
Optimizing the Extraction Efficiency of Flaxseed Gum Using a Response Surface Methodology Approach
Authors: Ettouil Abdessamad , Oubihi Asmaa , Imtara Hamada , Atfaoui Khadija , Mothana Ramzi A. , Noman Omar M. , Tarayrah Mahmoud , Ouhssine Mohammed
Published: June 2024

The extraction of gum from natural raw materials is of increasing importance in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, particularly due to their emulsifying properties and potential applications as stabilizers and thickeners. This study presents an insight on the influence of changing parameters like reagents and operating condition on yield and some properties of the flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed gum. The extraction conditions were meticulously examined using a full factorial design, highlighting the significant impact of pretreatment, seed preparation, and solvent selection on the extraction yield. A response surface methodology (RSM) was then applied to optimize the water/benzoic acid ratio of the pretreatment step, the ethyl alcohol/water ratio, and the medium pH of the extraction method, resulting in a maximum yield of 14.47%. Furthermore, detailed analyses of the chemical and emulsifying properties of the gum were conducted showing emulsifying capacities over 94%, offering promising application prospects, particularly in the food industry.
Table 1 from Cancer-Related Fatigue and the Additive Effect of Treatment in the Context of Lymphoma: An Analysis of the Lymphoma Coalition’s 2022 Global Patient Survey
Authors: Kalloger Steve E. , Watson Amanda , Sajkowski Shawn , Warwick Lorna
Published: June 2024

Age and biological sex as reported by survey respondents distributed across the symptom/side-effect strata
Figure 3 from Cancer-Related Fatigue and the Additive Effect of Treatment in the Context of Lymphoma: An Analysis of the Lymphoma Coalition’s 2022 Global Patient Survey
Authors: Kalloger Steve E. , Watson Amanda , Sajkowski Shawn , Warwick Lorna
Published: June 2024

Estimation of the contribution of treatment to CRF, stratified across lymphoma subtypes including CLL. Values are derived from Eq. A in the Methods section.
FIGURE 3 from Cancer-related Fatigue and the Additive Effect of Treatment in the Context of Lymphoma: An Analysis of the Lymphoma Coalition's 2022 Global Patient Survey
Authors: Kalloger Steve E. , Watson Amanda , Sajkowski Shawn , Warwick Lorna
Published: June 2024

Estimation of the contribution of treatment to CRF, stratified across lymphoma subtypes including CLL. Values are derived from the Equation (1) in the Materials and Methods.
The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: June 2024

Despite lower rates and intensity of smoking, Black men experience a higher incidence of lung cancer compared to white men. The racial disparity in lung cancer is particularly pronounced in Chicago, a highly segregated urban city. Neighborhood conditions, particularly social stress, may play a role in lung tumorigenesis. Preliminary studies indicate that Black men residing in neighborhoods with higher rates of violent crime have significantly higher levels of hair cortisol, an indicator of stress response. To examine the relationship between social stress exposure and gene expression in lung tumors, we investigated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding in 15 lung tumor samples in relation to GR target gene expression levels and zip code level residential violent crime rates. Spatial transcriptomics and a version of ChIP sequencing known as CUT&RUN were used. Heatmap of genes, pathway analysis, and motif analysis were conducted at the statistical significance of P < 0.05. GR recruitment to chromatin was correlated with zip code level residential violent crime rate and overall GR binding increased with higher violent crime rates. Our findings suggest that exposure to residential violent crime may influence tumor biology via reprogramming GR recruitment. Prioritizing lung cancer screening in neighborhoods with increased social stress, such as high levels of violent crime, may reduce racial disparities in lung cancer.

Significance:

Exposure to neighborhood violent crime is correlated with glucocorticoid signaling and lung tumor gene expression changes associated with increased tumor aggressiveness, suggesting social conditions have downstream biophysical consequences that contribute to lung cancer disparities.
Impaired Intracellular Calcium Buffering Contributes to the Arrhythmogenic Substrate in Atrial Myocytes From Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Fakuade Funsho E. , Hubricht Dominik , Möller Vanessa , Sobitov Izzatullo , Liutkute Aiste , Döring Yannic , Seibertz Fitzwilliam , Gerloff Marcus , Pronto Julius Ryan D. , Haghighi Fereshteh , Brandenburg Sören , Alhussini Khaled , Ignatyeva Nadezda , Bonhoff Yara , Kestel Stefanie , El-Essawi Aschraf , Jebran Ahmad Fawad , Großmann Marius , Danner Bernhard C. , Baraki Hassina , Schmidt Constanze , Sossalla Samuel , Kutschka Ingo , Bening Constanze , Maack Christoph , Linke Wolfgang A. , Heijman Jordi , Lehnart Stephan E. , Kensah George , Ebert Antje , Mason Fleur E. , Voigt Niels
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

Alterations in the buffering of intracellular Ca
2+
, for which myofilament proteins play a key role, have been shown to promote cardiac arrhythmia. It is interesting that although studies report atrial myofibrillar degradation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (persAF), the intracellular Ca
2+
buffering profile in persAF remains obscure. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the intracellular buffering of Ca
2+
and its potential arrhythmogenic role in persAF.

METHODS:

Transmembrane Ca
2+
fluxes (patch-clamp) and intracellular Ca
2+
signaling (fluo-3-acetoxymethyl ester) were recorded simultaneously in myocytes from right atrial biopsies of sinus rhythm (Ctrl) and patients with persAF, alongside human atrial subtype induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiac myocytes (iPSC-CMs). Protein levels were quantified by immunoblotting of human atrial tissue and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiac myocytes. Mouse whole heart and atrial electrophysiology were measured on a Langendorff system.

RESULTS:

Cytosolic Ca
2+
buffering was decreased in atrial myocytes of patients with persAF because of a depleted amount of Ca
2+
buffers. In agreement, protein levels of selected Ca
2+
binding myofilament proteins, including cTnC (cardiac troponin C), a major cytosolic Ca
2+
buffer, were significantly lower in patients with persAF. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)–mediated knockdown of cTnC (si-cTNC) in atrial iPSC-CM phenocopied the reduced cytosolic Ca
2+
buffering observed in persAF. Si-cTnC treated atrial iPSC-CM exhibited a higher predisposition to spontaneous Ca
2+
release events and developed action potential alternans at low stimulation frequencies. Last, indirect reduction of cytosolic Ca
2+
buffering using blebbistatin in an ex vivo mouse whole heart model increased vulnerability to tachypacing-induced atrial arrhythmia, validating the direct mechanistic link between impaired cytosolic Ca
2+
buffering and atrial arrhythmogenesis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings suggest that loss of myofilament proteins, particularly reduced cTnC protein levels, causes diminished cytosolic Ca
2+
buffering in persAF, thereby potentiating the occurrence of spontaneous Ca
2+
release events and atrial fibrillation susceptibility. Strategies targeting intracellular buffering may represent a promising therapeutic lead in persAF management.
Polycentric Climate Governance: The State, Local Action, Democratic Preferences, and Power—Emerging Insights and a Research Agenda
Authors: Kellner Elke , Petrovics Daniel , Huitema Dave
Published: June 2024

In recent years, climate governance has shifted from the global, multilateral regime to voluntary initiatives from multiple directions. Scholars frequently use a polycentric governance lens to study the complex and multijurisdictional reality. The polycentric perspective helps to grasp the new reality at a general level, but it is lacking in specificity. To fill this research gap, this article attempts to enhance the analytical power of the polycentric governance perspective by exploring four issues: the role of the state, diffusion of local action, integration of local democratic preferences, and the role of power. These issues are discussed by doing a systematic literature review of empirical polycentric governance literature regarding climate change mitigation. The results show the importance of states at the national level and provide insights into how local initiatives share and transfer knowledge, get supported by transnational networks, and secure compliance with local democratic preferences. The literature provides less insight into the role of power. The article concludes by developing research agendas for further cumulation of knowledge and to strengthen climate action at all levels.
Predicting an individual’s functional connectivity from their structural connectome: Evaluation of evidence, recommendations, and future prospects
Authors: Zalesky Andrew , Sarwar Tabinda , Tian Ye , Liu Yuanzhe , Yeo B. T. Thomas , Ramamohanarao Kotagiri
Published: June 2024

Several recent studies have optimized deep neural networks to learn high-dimensional relationships linking structural and functional connectivity across the human connectome. However, the extent to which these models recapitulate individual-specific characteristics of resting-state functional brain networks remains unclear. A core concern relates to whether current individual predictions outperform simple benchmarks such as group averages and null conditions. Here, we consider two measures to statistically evaluate whether functional connectivity predictions capture individual effects. We revisit our previously published functional connectivity predictions for 1,000 healthy adults and provide multiple lines of evidence supporting that our predictions successfully capture subtle individual-specific variation in connectivity. While predicted individual effects are statistically significant and outperform several benchmarks, we find that effect sizes are small (i.e., 8%–11% improvement relative to group-average benchmarks). As such, initial expectations about individual prediction performance expressed by us and others may require moderation. We conclude that individual predictions can significantly outperform appropriate benchmark conditions and we provide several recommendations for future studies in this area. Future studies should statistically assess the individual prediction performance of their models using one of the measures and benchmarks provided here.
Exploring memory-related network via dorsal hippocampus suppression
Authors: Han Xu , Cramer Samuel R. , Chan Dennis C. Y. , Zhang Nanyin
Published: June 2024

Memory is a complex brain process that requires coordinated activities in a large-scale brain network. However, the relationship between coordinated brain network activities and memory-related behavior is not well understood. In this study, we investigated this issue by suppressing the activity in the dorsal hippocampus (dHP) using chemogenetics and measuring the corresponding changes in brain-wide resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and memory behavior in awake rats. We identified an extended brain network contributing to the performance in a spatial memory related task. Our results were cross-validated using two different chemogenetic actuators, clozapine (CLZ) and clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). This study provides a brain network interpretation of memory performance, indicating that memory is associated with coordinated brain-wide neural activities.
Factors Associated With Loss to Follow Up After Temporal Bone Fracture
Authors: Patel Aneesh A. , Weber Peter C.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Inpatient and outpatient evaluation is important for management of temporal bone trauma due to the possible otologic complications that can result. However, there is limited literature on follow up rates following temporal bone fracture. This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients lost to follow up after sustaining temporal bone fractures and identify factors associated with loss to follow up.

Methods:

Retrospective review of adult patients who sustained temporal bone fractures at a level I trauma center from January 1, 2019 to January 1, 2024 was completed (IRB H-44161). The primary outcome included prevalence of patient loss to follow up. Secondary variables included initial radiographic and exam findings, otologic complications, and demographic characteristics. Patients who were seen in follow up and lost to follow up were compared, and odds of loss to follow up was calculated.

Results:

Sixty-nine patients met inclusion criteria for this study, of which 30 patients (43.5%) were lost to follow up. Patients who were White had a significantly lower odds of loss to follow up than those who were not White (OR = 0.2506 (95% CI: 0.0706, 0.8067, P = .0024). While need for acute management was not significantly different between the groups, a significantly lower proportion of patients who were intubated on presentation ( P = .0091), had abnormal otoscopic exam ( P = .0211), and had otologic complications ( P = .0056) were lost to follow up.

Conclusion:

Almost half of patients who sustained temporal bone fractures, including a significantly higher odds of minority race/ethnicity patients, were lost to follow up.
Spatial Multi-omics Reveals the Role of the Wnt Modulator, Dkk2, in Palatogenesis’
Authors: Piña J.O. , Raju R. , Roth D.M. , Winchester E.W. , Padilla C. , Iben J. , Faucz F.R. , Cotney J.L. , D’Souza R.N.
Published: June 2024

Multiple genetic and environmental etiologies contribute to the pathogenesis of cleft palate, which is the most common of the inherited disorders of the craniofacial complex. Insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating osteogenic differentiation and patterning in the palate during embryogenesis are limited and needed for the development of innovative diagnostics and cures. This study used the Pax9-/- mouse model with a consistent phenotype of cleft secondary palate to investigate the role of Pax9 in the process of palatal osteogenesis. Although prior research has identified the upregulation of Wnt pathway modulators Dkk1 and Dkk2 in Pax9-/- palate mesenchyme, limitations of spatial resolution and technology restricted a more robust analysis. Here, data from single-nucleus transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility assays validated by in situ highly multiplex targeted single-cell spatial profiling technology suggest a distinct relationship between Pax9+ and osteogenic populations. Loss of Pax9 results in spatially restricted osteogenic domains bounded by Dkk2, which normally interfaces with Pax9 in the mesenchyme. Moreover, the loss of Pax9 leads to a disruption in the normal osteodifferentiaion of palatal osteogenic mesenchymal cells. These results suggest that Pax9-dependent Wnt signaling modulators influence osteogenic programming during palate formation, potentially contributing to the observed cleft palate phenotype.
Does Citizen Feedback Influence Public Service Motivation? Evidence From a Survey Experiment in the Context of Urban Service Provisions
Authors: Pratama Arif Budy , Ahsani Retno Dewi Pramodya , Wulandari Catur
Published: June 2024

Despite the growing interest of research on public service motivation (PSM), limited studies have considered the interaction between street-level bureaucrats and citizens. This study examined the impact of citizen feedback on PSM among street-level bureaucrats. Anchoring on the social exchange theory, this research posits that citizen feedback plays a pivotal role in influencing PSM. Using a vignette–survey experiment in the context of urban service provisions in Magelang city, Indonesia, this study empirically tested the causal relationship between citizen feedback and PSM. The finding reveals empirical evidence that positive citizen feedback enhances PSM, while, conversely, negative feedback diminishes PSM. These results underscore the importance of citizen feedback as an alternative managerial tool to motivate street-level bureaucrats who directly engage in service delivery. Public managers can also use these findings as a starting point to design a citizen feedback handling system in public service delivery.
Applying What We Know About Student Success to Creating a Model for Faculty Success
Authors: Jaeger Audrey J. , Maldonado Laura G. , Burleson Susan , Wolfe Constance
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This conceptual piece applies what we know about student success to introduce a faculty model of success called the Faculty Pathway to Excellence. The model elevates faculty voices in the conversation of student success in community colleges. Method: We collected qualitative data from interviews with faculty at two community colleges and focus groups with faculty from six community colleges to help inform a faculty-focused framework. Proposed model: By changing the conversation to a more comprehensive perspective of faculty success, the model emphasizes the connections, establishment, navigation and leadership, and teaching and learning excellence of faculty members throughout their career trajectories. We define faculty success as faculty retention, faculty satisfaction/sense of belonging, faculty productivity, and ultimately student success (e.g., learning, retention, completion, transfer). Contributions: The development of this Faculty Pathway to Excellence suggests a wider variety of strategies by administration to attract, support, and retain faculty. It also has the potential to help faculty members envision and prepare for the multiple and non-linear pathways in academia. Understanding faculty and their career progression is critical to advance student success conversations. Finding ways to enhance faculty growth and development across all career stages helps students and faculty succeed.
It Is Our Turn to Innovate: Innovation as the Engine of Economic Prosperity in South America
Authors: Rodas Christian
Published: June 2024

The pivotal role of innovation in fostering economic growth is widely acknowledged, with a growing consensus emphasizing its correlation with elevated productivity levels and enhanced competitiveness. Yet, there is limited research exploring potential factors that could boost the positive effects of innovation. This study addressed this fundamental gap in the literature by exploring whether financial development factors (private credit, bank assets, and interest rate) significantly moderate the effect of innovation on GDP and GDP per capita in South America—a region where this topic has not been widely studied with data on patents and economic growth. Using regression analysis with panel data from 10 South American countries, this study presents empirical evidence that suggests that policies in the region should promote strategic collaborations between governments and financial institutions such as banks with the aim of creating an environment that allows researchers to increase innovation outcomes and that rewards firms and entrepreneurs for innovating and adopting new technologies. Moreover, the findings of this article underscore that it is imperative that South America allocates more resources to innovation, recognizing it as the driving force to fuel economic growth.
Consumer Information Drives Willingness to Pay for Low Emissions Milk and Beef
Authors: Taylor Lois Charlotte , Johnson Annika , Diya-Courty-Stephens
Published: June 2024

An emerging innovation in the sustainable food space is low methane emissions in beef and dairy products. A leader in this space is Symbrosia, 1 an innovative aquaculture company based in Hawai’i. They produce SeaGraze™, a feed additive derived from the red algae Asparagopsis taxformis, which is designed for ruminant 2 livestock producers to reduce the methane emissions of their livestock by more than 80%. However, the feed additive SeaGraze™ represents an additional cost for livestock producers, and the consumer demand for low methane emissions beef and dairy products is relatively unknown. This study explores consumer demand and the willingness to pay for low emissions beef and dairy products. It reports on a survey of 495 participants, which found product-informed consumers are willing to pay between 51.7% and 72.3% more for low emissions milk and between 0.6% and 8.6% more for low emissions beef. A regression analysis found the most notable driver of consumer preference and willingness to pay more for these products was product information. This suggests that effective advertising of low methane emissions products is necessary for their financial success. These results should encourage producers in other countries to expand the production and consumption of these kinds of products to curb methane emissions.
Political liberalism, public reason and the Goldilocks problem: On Michelman’s Constitutional Essentials
Authors: Baynes Kenneth
Published: June 2024

Michelman's Constitutional Essentials raises important questions about the idea of political liberalism and related idea of public reason. This essay offers a sympathetic commentary while also exploring the importance of the idea of reciprocity for both Rawls and Michelman.
Institutional environments for circular start-ups: Insights from an entrepreneurial European region
Authors: Maaßen Carolin , Urbano David
Published: June 2024

Circular start-ups (CSUs) are gaining popularity to radically rethink the linear resource flows of global production systems and adopt ambitious approaches towards a circular economy from inception. For CSUs, the institutional environment is particularly relevant; this is because the complex nature of sustainability challenges requires a deep engagement with institutions to drive transitions from linear to circular practices. This article analyses how and why institutional factors influence CSUs in the highly entrepreneurial region of Catalonia in Spain. Based on a multiple case study, our findings demonstrate that CSUs are affected by informal institutions through founder motivations, their ability to create opportunities and social values. Formal institutions influence CSUs regarding the previous experience of founders, accessible ecosystem actors and supportive laws and regulations. These findings are important for effective policymaking to develop adequate support mechanisms and understand the particular challenges and opportunities CSUs face compared to traditional start-ups.
From big data to intelligent libraries: Leveraging analytics for enhanced user experiences
Authors: Adewojo Akinade Adebowale , Dunmade Aderinola Ololade
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) on libraries, evolving them into intelligent, user-centric hubs. Integrating cutting-edge technologies enhances library functions, automating tasks, and personalizing user interactions. The discussion encompasses AI applications in cataloging, search functionality, and personalized recommendations, emphasizing the role of intelligent libraries in improving user experience. While highlighting benefits like task automation and improved efficiency, challenges such as resource investment, job displacement, and ethical considerations are acknowledged. Looking ahead, the paper anticipates deeper AI and ML integration, emphasizing trends like IoT, big data analytics, and augmented reality. The conclusion underscores the need for responsible implementation, balancing technological advancements with ethical considerations, and positioning intelligent libraries as crucial assets in the digital age.
Car Ownership, Commute Distance, and Commute Mode Choice in the Dense Megacity of a Developing Country: The Direct and Indirect Role of the Built Environment
Authors: Ashik Fajle Rabbi , Rahman Md. Hamidur , Zafri Niaz Mahmud , Antipova Anzhelika , Labib S.M.
Published: June 2024

Despite much having been published about the effects of the built environment (BE) on urban travel in the developed world, few articles have so far been published based on studies using a megacity in a developing country. The paper addresses the existing gaps in research by conducting a study in Dhaka, one of the densest urban areas globally. An integrated framework based on the structural equation model and discrete choice model is used to examine how individual commute mode choice behavior is influenced by the BE, as mediated by car ownership and commute distance. Three BE features—population density, street connectivity, and job-to-household ratio—have a direct and total positive association with non-motorized transport use. Although being close to bus stops does not directly affect people’s choice to take non-motorized transport, it does promote non-motorized travel in an indirect way by decreasing car ownership and commute distance. Population density, job-to-household ratio, proximity to the nearest central business district, and bus stop proximity all have a positive direct and total impact on transit use, although larger employment densities directly support automobile use over transit. Understanding how the BE affects commute distance, car ownership, and mode choice is a useful reference for the development of practical measures to reduce demand for automobiles.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Medial Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Combined With Realignment Surgery
Authors: Lee Dhong Won , Kang Sung Jin , Kim Rak Jun , Cho Seung Ik , Moon Sung Gyu , Yang Sang Jin , Kim Jin Goo
Published: June 2024

Background:

The outcomes of medial meniscal allograft transplantation (MMAT) combined with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) compared with isolated MMAT remain unclear.

Purpose:

To compare the clinical and radiological results of MMAT combined with HTO and isolated MMAT.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 42 consecutive patients, who were divided into group M (isolated MMAT; n = 22) and group H (MMAT combined with HTO with a varus angle >3°; n = 20). Group differences in subjective knee scores, isokinetic muscle strength test, and radiological outcomes (Kellgren-Lawrence grade, mechanical axis, graft extrusion, graft status, and articular cartilage loss) were compared.

Results:

The mean follow-up period was 29.2 ± 4.9 months and 27.4 ± 5.3 months for groups M and H, respectively. The Lysholm score improved from 55.4 ± 9.5 to 81.3 ± 9.7 and from 52.6 ± 8.9 to 84.2 ± 10.2 in groups M and H, respectively (both P < .001). The International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score improved from 51.4 ± 10.3 to 79.6 ± 9.4 and from 49.3 ± 11.4 to 81.4 ± 8.3 in groups M and H, respectively (both P < .001). Both groups showed no significant differences in subjective knee scores and isokinetic extensor strength at the final follow-up. The rate of preoperative and postoperative high International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society grade (≥3) did not differ between the 2 groups. Group M showed greater coronal graft extrusion than did group H (3.3 ± 0.7 mm vs 2.7 ± 0.8 mm; P = .014); the rate of pathologic graft extrusion (≥3 mm) was not higher in group M (40.9%) than in group H (20%) with the number of patients available ( P = .143). Both groups showed no significant difference in the graft status. Graft tears were observed in 2 patients (9%) in group M and 1 patient (5%) in group H ( P = .607).

Conclusion:

Clinical scores significantly improved after isolated MMAT and MMAT combined with HTO compared with preoperative values, and their short-term outcomes were similar. Postoperative graft extrusion was greater in patients who underwent isolated MMAT, implying that active correction of varus alignment during MMAT may help in intra-articular biomechanics.
A Fourth Generation of Inclusive Education: A Commentary
Authors: Wehmeyer Michael L.
Published: June 2024

Special education as an organized, legislatively mandated entity is roughly 50 years old in many parts of the world. Most schools around the world continue to struggle to provide inclusive education for students with disabilities, sharing common barriers and experiencing their own unique barriers. This commentary discusses international initiatives that have focused on inclusive education and proposes a fourth generation of inclusive practices that align with worldwide changes in the education system.
Barriers Experienced by Community-Dwelling Older Adults Navigating Formal Care: Evidence From an Australian Population-Based National Survey
Authors: Xie Yuchen , Sinclair Craig , Hamilton Myra , Peisah Carmelle , Temple Jeromey , Anstey Kaarin J.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This study aims to identify the relationship between psychosocial factors and unmet needs among community-dwelling older adults who have received or who expect to receive formal home-based aged care services.

Methods

A subsample of the national Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers was used to examine the prevalence of having any unmet needs among older adults navigating care. We also examined associations between older adults’ psychosocial factors and their unmet needs using logistic regression.

Results

Regression analyses highlighted that perceived social isolation (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.30–2.01), high/very high psychological distress (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.52–2.93), and occasional assistance from informal support (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.22–3.05) were associated with increased odds of having unmet needs, after adjusting for other covariates.

Discussion

Our study suggests that older adults facing psychosocial difficulties or lacking informal support are more likely to encounter barriers in accessing formal care. Future policy should address the psychosocial needs and support networks of older adults.