bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Belligerent Reprisals from Enforcement to Reciprocity
Authors: Romani Francesco
Published: December 2024

This book challenges the traditional understanding of belligerent reprisals as a mechanism aimed at enforcing the laws of armed conflict. By re-instating reciprocity at the core of belligerent reprisals, it construes them as tools designed to re-calibrate the legal relationship between parties to armed conflict and pursue the belligerents' equality of rights and obligations in both a formal and a substantive sense. It combines an inquiry into the conceptual issues surrounding the notion of belligerent reprisals, with an analysis of State and international practice on their purpose and function. Encompassing international and non-international armed conflicts, it provides a first comprehensive account of the role of reprisals in governing legal interaction during wartime, and offers new grounds to address questions on their applicability, lawfulness, regulation, and desirability. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Epistemic Environmentalism and Autonomy: The Case of Conceptual Engineering
Authors: Kitsik Eve
Published: December 2024

I will clarify when and how a tension arises between epistemic environmentalism (a new focus on assessing and improving the epistemic environment) and respect for epistemic autonomy (allowing, empowering, and requiring people to each govern their own beliefs). Using the example of participatory conceptual engineering (improving the linguistic environment through rational discussion with broad participation), I will also identify an option for avoiding the tension—namely, participatory environmentalism. This means a new focus on how people can each contribute to improving the shared epistemic environment through rational deliberation and thereby govern their own beliefs that are shaped by that environment.
The Interaction between International and Domestic Law, Aqua Nullius, and Water-mediated Claims in Canada
Authors: Dzah Godwin E.K.
Published: December 2024

Water-mediated claims in both international law and domestic law are often framed around, or adjudicated based on land-centred principles. In Canada, too, such claims tend to be judicially assessed through land-centric concepts. This approach has significant implications for Indigenous law and related claims to water-mediated spaces. It also has consequences for both international law and domestic law, particularly with respect to how aqua nullius and similar Eurocentric concepts are disguised and used in settler-colonial states like Canada. Accordingly, this article urges a critical engagement with Indigenous law and similar cosmologies on water in a manner that foregrounds the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and in re-reading how the UNDRIP is incorporated and implemented in Canada.
A head-to-head comparison of the accuracy of commercially available large language models for infection prevention and control inquiries, 2024
Authors: Abosi Oluchi J , Kobayashi Takaaki , Ross Natalie , Trannel Alexandra , Rodriguez Nava Guillermo , Salinas Jorge L. , Brust Karen
Published: December 2024

We investigated the accuracy and completeness of four large language model (LLM) artificial intelligence tools. Most LLMs provided acceptable answers to commonly asked infection prevention questions (accuracy 98.9%, completeness 94.6%). The use of LLMs to supplement infection prevention consults should be further explored.
Developing biomarkers to estimate manure ammonia emissions from dairy cattle
Authors: Song Yumeng , Bai Mei , Chen Deli , Khanaki Hassan , Cheng Long
Published: December 2024

This research aimed to develop biomarkers for estimating ammonia (NH3) emissions from dairy cattle manure over a 15-day in vitro incubation system. To generate different levels of NH3 emissions, the experiment utilized four manure experimental groups: 1 urinary nitrogen (U) to 1 faecal nitrogen (F) ratio (CT), 2 U to 1 F ratio (2U1F), and CT and 2U1F with lignite application (CT + L and 2U1F + L, respectively). The addition of lignite to ruminant manure aimed to enhance environmental sustainability through its beneficial properties. Three biomarkers, nitrogen (N) isotopic fractionation (δ15N), N: potassium (K) ratio, and N: phosphorus (P) ratio, were investigated. Manure δ15N increased linearly when NH3 emission increased in CT and 2U1F groups (R2 = 0.79 and 0.90, respectively; P ≤ 0.001), while manure N: P decreased when NH3 emission increased in CT + L and 2U1F + L groups (R2 = 0.73 and 0.85, respectively; P ≤ 0.001). No useful relationship was found between N: K and NH3 emission, apart from in 2U1F group (R2 = 0.84; P ≤ 0.001). The experiment found manure δ15N and N: P are complementary biomarkers to predict NH3 emissions, from non-lignite and lignite groups, respectively.
Variation of functional diversity structure measured as combined species dominance, functional diversity, and functional redundancy in two taxa of ectoparasitic arthropods at two spatial scales: host-associated, ecological, and geographic effects
Authors: Krasnov Boris R. , Stanko Michal , Vinarski Maxim V. , Korallo-Vinarskaya Natalia P. , Khokhlova Irina S.
Published: December 2024

The functional diversity structure of a community can be represented as a combination of three additive components (species dominance D, functional redundancy R, and functional diversity Q) (DRQ approach in which different facets of functional differences between species are considered simultaneously). We applied this concept to assemblages of fleas and gamasid mites parasitic on small mammals at continental (across regions of the Palearctic) and regional (across sampling sites in Slovakia) scales and asked: What are the relative effects of host species, biome/habitat type, and geographic locality on the DRQ composition of a parasite assemblage? At the continental scale, regions were partitioned according to predominant biome or geographic position in a continental section. At the regional scale, sampling sites were partitioned according to habitat type or geographic locality. We tested for differences in the functional diversity structure (measured as the DRQ composition) of an ectoparasite assemblage (a) within a host species between biomes/habitat types or continental sections/localities and (b) between host species within a biome/habitat type or a continental section/locality. At both scales, the functional diversity structure of both flea and mite assemblages differed mainly between host species within a biome/habitat or geographic regions/locations, whereas differences in the DRQ composition between biomes/habitats or geographic regions/locations were only detected in a few host species. We compare our results with the results of earlier studies and conclude that the DRQ approach has an advantage over a single diversity metric and allows a better understanding of spatial variation in different facets of ectoparasite diversity.
The Prakhon Chai Hoard Debunked: Unravelling Six Decades of Myth, Misdirection, and Misidentification
Authors: Hanwong Tanongsak , Hanwong Lalita , Murphy Stephen A.
Published: December 2024

The so-called “Prakhon Chai Hoard” is one of Southeast Asia’s most infamous cases of looting. The story begins in 1964 when a cache of Buddhist bronzes from Northeast Thailand appeared on the international art market via the auction house Spink & Son, London. They quickly ended up in museums and private collections throughout the US and Europe. The exact findspot was unclear but soon became associated with an unidentified temple in Prakhon Chai district in Buriram province. The moniker “Prakhon Chai Hoard/bronzes” subsequently took hold, becoming commonplace in museum displays, dealer/auction house catalogs, and art historical discourse. However, in 2002, it was revealed the temple in question was Plai Bat II in Lahan Sai district.

This article untangles the many myths and misunderstandings surrounding this act of looting. It does so by reviewing the extant literature in light of information revealed by criminal investigations into the late Douglas Latchford from 2012 onwards, and presenting conclusions drawn from our decade-long documentation of villager testimonies at Plai Bat II (2014–2024).
Evaluating seed longevity: use of RNA integrity to characterize variation within species of legume grains
Authors: Tetreault Hannah M. , Redden Robert J. , Fleming Margaret B. , Hill Lisa , Zingerman Zoe , Whitehouse Katherine , Norton Sally , Walters Christina
Published: December 2024

Seed genebanks must maintain collections of healthy seeds and regenerate accessions before seed viability declines. Seed shelf life is often characterized at the species level; however, large, unexplained variation among genetic lines within a species can and does occur. This variation contributes to unreliable predictions of seed quality decline with storage time. To assess variation of seed longevity and aid in timing regeneration, ten varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris) from the Australian Grains Genebank were stored at moderate temperature (20°C) and moisture (7–11% water, relative humidity [RH] ~30%) and deterioration was assessed by yearly germination tests for 20 years. Decline in germination was fit to a sigmoidal model and the time corresponding to 50% germination (P50) was used to express seed longevity for each genetic line. The feasibility of using RNA fragmentation to assess changed seed health was measured using RNA integrity number (RIN) from RNA extracted from seeds that were stored for 13 and 20 years. Seed lots of legume grains that maintained high survival throughout the 20 years (i.e. they aged slower than other lines) had higher RIN than samples that degraded faster. RIN was lower in embryonic axes compared with cotyledons in the more deteriorated samples, perhaps indicating that axes exhibit symptoms of ageing sooner than cotyledons. Overall, RIN appears to be associated with longevity indicators of germination for these legumes and indicating that RIN decline can be used to assess ageing rate, which is needed to optimize viability monitoring.
A neuroethical approach to human life, identity, and liberty of schizophrenic patients
Authors: Carrara Alberto
Published: December 2024

This article presents a comprehensive neuroethical framework that seeks to deepen our understanding of human consciousness and free will, particularly in the context of psychiatric and neurological disorders. By integrating insights from neuroscience with philosophical reflections on freedom and personal identity, the paper examines how various states of consciousness from interoception to self-awareness influence an individual’s autonomy and decision-making capabilities. The discussion utilizes a multidimensional, bottom-up approach to explore how neurobiological processes underlie different levels of conscious experience and their corresponding types of freedom, such as “intero-freedom” related to internal bodily states and “self-freedom” associated with higher self-awareness. This stratification reveals the profound impact of neurological conditions on patients’ freedom of choice and the ethical implications therein. The insights gained from this analysis aim to inform more tailored and effective treatments for psychiatric patients, emphasizing the restoration of autonomy and respect for their inherent dignity. This work underscores the essential unity of the human person through the lens of neuroethics, advocating for healthcare policies that recognize and enhance the personal freedom of those with mental health challenges.
Optimizing organic muskmelon production by integrating mesotunnel row covers, inter-bed weed management, and pollination strategies
Authors: Pethybridge Sarah , Damann Kellie , Murphy Sean , Diggins Kaitlin R. , Gleason Mark L.
Published: December 2024

In New York, organic production of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) and other cucurbits is limited by pests, diseases, and weeds. Among the most important pests are striped (Acalymma vittatum) and spotted (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) cucumber beetles that cause damage through feeding. Cucumber beetles also transmit the bacterium, Erwinia tracheiphila, the causal agent of bacterial wilt. Mesotunnels are a modified row cover system consisting of nylon mesh netting supported by hoops approximately 1-m high, which have potential for incorporation into organic muskmelon production systems. The netting is an effective barrier for pests and insect-vectored diseases and also prevents insect-mediated pollination and in-season weed management in inter-bed areas. Two separate experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to: (a) evaluate mesotunnels for organic muskmelon production and methods to control weeds in inter-bed areas (experiment 1), and (b) evaluate selected pollination treatments for integration into a mesotunnel production system (experiment 2). In experiment 1, there were four treatments: (i) landscape fabric in the inter-bed area with a mesotunnel, (ii) landscape fabric in the inter-bed area without a mesotunnel, and a (iii) ryegrass/white clover in the inter-bed area with a mesotunnel; or (iv) ryegrass cover crop in the inter-bed area with a mesotunnel. In experiment 1, mesotunnels significantly reduced cucumber beetle populations and bacterial wilt epidemic progress but did not affect the incidence of the foliar diseases, powdery mildew, or Alternaria leaf spot. In the mesotunnel and non-covered treatments, landscape fabric, applied for weed control between beds, resulted in greater fruit weight and more marketable fruit compared to mesotunnels with cover crops in the inter-bed area. In experiment 2, treatments were on/off/on (removal of netting during flowering followed by replacement), open ends (open ends during flowering), and a closed mesotunnel (with the insertion of a commercial bumblebee hive). Although the on/off/on treatment increased cucumber beetle populations and bacterial wilt epidemic progress compared to the open ends and closed treatments, it conferred significant yield benefits in both years. These findings emphasize the importance of systems-level analysis for evaluating the suitability of mesotunnels in organic muskmelon production.
Moculus: an immersive virtual reality system for mice incorporating stereo vision
Authors: Judák Linda , Dobos Gergely , Ócsai Katalin , Báthory Eszter , Szebik Huba , Tarján Balázs , Maák Pál , Szadai Zoltán , Takács István , Chiovini Balázs , Lőrincz Tibor , Szepesi Áron , Roska Botond , Szalay Gergely , Rózsa Balázs
Published: December 2024

Due to technical roadblocks, it is unclear how visual circuits represent multiple features or how behaviorally relevant representations are selected for long-term memory. Here we developed Moculus, a head-mounted virtual reality platform for mice that covers the entire visual field, and allows binocular depth perception and full visual immersion. This controllable environment, with three-dimensional (3D) corridors and 3D objects, in combination with 3D acousto-optical imaging, affords rapid visual learning and the uncovering of circuit substrates in one measurement session. Both the control and reinforcement-associated visual cue coding neuronal assemblies are transiently expanded by reinforcement feedback to near-saturation levels. This increases computational capability and allows competition among assemblies that encode behaviorally relevant information. The coding assemblies form partially orthogonal and overlapping clusters centered around hub cells with higher and earlier ramp-like responses, as well as locally increased functional connectivity.
Neural dynamics of personality trait perception and interaction preferences
Authors: Weiß Martin , Paelecke Marko , Mussel Patrick , Hein Grit
Published: December 2024

According to recent research, self-reported Big Five personality traits are associated with preferences for faces that are representative of certain Big Five traits. Previous research has primarily focused on either preference for distinct prototypical personality faces or the accuracy of trait ratings for these faces. However, the underlying neural correlates involved in the processing of prototypical personality faces are unknown. In the present study, we aim to bridge this gap by investigating whether participants’ Big Five personality traits predict preferences to interact with individuals represented by prototypical personality faces, as well as the neural processing of these facial features. Based on theoretical considerations and previous research, we focus on trait extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism, and corresponding prototypical faces. Participants were asked to classify prototypical faces as above or below average representative of a certain trait, and then provide an interaction preference rating while face-sensitive event-related potentials (N170 and late positive potential) were measured. In line with our hypotheses, the results showed an interaction preference for faces that were perceived as high (vs. low) extraverted and agreeable and low (vs. high) neurotic. In addition, the preference for agreeable faces interacted with personality characteristics of the perceiver: The higher a persons’ score on trait agreeableness, the higher the face preference ratings for both prototypical and perceived high agreeable faces. Analyses of ERP data showed that an increase in preference ratings for prototypical agreeable faces was paralleled by an increase of the late positive potential. Notably, the N170 did not show any neural signature of the hypothesized effects of personality faces. Together, these results highlight the importance of considering both perceiver characteristics as well as perceived features of an interaction partner when it comes to preference for social interaction.

Protocol registration The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on the 8th of May 2023. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/G8SCY.
A split intein and split luciferase-coupled system for detecting protein-protein interactions
Authors: Yao Zhong , Kim Jiyoon , Geng Betty , Chen Jinkun , Wong Victoria , Lyakisheva Anna , Snider Jamie , Dimlić Marina Rudan , Raić Sanda , Stagljar Igor
Published: December 2024

Elucidation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) represents one of the most important methods in biomedical research. Recently, PPIs have started to be exploited for drug discovery purposes and have thus attracted much attention from both the academic and pharmaceutical sectors. We previously developed a sensitive method, Split Intein-Mediated Protein Ligation (SIMPL), for detecting binary PPIs via irreversible splicing of the interacting proteins being investigated. Here, we incorporated tripart nanoluciferase (tNLuc) into the system, providing a luminescence signal which, in conjunction with homogenous liquid phase operation, improves the quantifiability and operability of the assay. Using a reference PPI set, we demonstrated an improvement in both sensitivity and specificity over the original SIMPL assay. Moreover, we designed the new SIMPL-tNLuc (‘SIMPL2’) platform with an inherent modularity allowing for flexible measurement of molecular modulators of target PPIs, including inhibitors, molecular glues and PROTACs. Our results demonstrate that SIMPL2 is a sensitive, cost- and labor-effective tool suitable for high-throughput screening (HTS) in both PPI mapping and drug discovery applications.
Stoichiometry effect on the structure, coordination and anticancer activity of gold(i/iii) bisphosphine complexes
Authors: Arojojoye Adedamola S. , Holmes Justin , Obisesan Oluwatosin A. , Parkin Sean , Awuah Samuel G.
Published: December 2024

Rationalizing the impact of oxidation states of Au-based complexes on function require synthetic strategies that allow for conserved molecular formula in Au(i) and their Au(iii) counterparts.
A zirconocene triazenido hydride complex activates CO2
Authors: Proges Charlotte , Lindenau Kevin , Rothe Julia , Spannenberg Anke , Baumann Wolfgang , Reiß Fabian , Schulz Axel , Beweries Torsten
Published: December 2024

A Zr(iv) triazenido hydride complex is formed by reaction of an alkyne complex with diphenyltriazene and activates CO2, forming a Zr(iv) formate. Transfer of the hydrogen from the triazene to the alkyne is suggested to occur mediated by pyridine.
From carbohydrate-derived ketene dithioacetals to 1-C-thioglycals: a synthetic and theoretical insight
Authors: Goyer Eddy , Khartabil Hassan , Messire Gatien , Muzard Murielle , Plantier-Royon Richard
Published: December 2024

Original 1-C-thioglycals were synthesized by deprotonation of the corresponding thioglycals. DFT calculations were performed to validate the experimental results.
Additive manufacturing of 3D flow-focusing millifluidics for the production of curable microdroplets
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Saeed , Chan Timothy T. K. , Versluis Michel , Krug Dominik , Lajoinie Guillaume
Published: December 2024

3D flow-focusing for the production complex polymeric capsules.
The “factory in a lab”: telescoping the Matteson and Matteson–Hoppe–Aggarwal boronate chemistry under flow conditions
Authors: Fricke Florian , Dräger Gerald , Kirschning Andreas
Published: December 2024

The Matteson reaction and the related Matteson–Hoppe–Aggarwal variant were combined in a compartmentalized flow system and the doubly homologated resulting boronate was transformed into the corresponding alcohols after terminal oxidation.
Interplay of chain dynamics and ion transport on mechanical behavior and conductivity in ionogels
Authors: Lu Mengze , Lian Wei Zhen , Xiao Zhenhua , Liu Lu , Fan Zhiwei , Jin Xiaolin , Jiang Chuanxia , Chen Qian , Tang Zheng-Hai , Yin Panchao , Sun Taolin
Published: December 2024

Understanding the interplay among the mechanical behavior, ionic conductivity and chain dynamics of ionogels is essential for designing flexible conductors that exhibit both high conductivity and excellent mechanical properties.
Palliative Care Training for Medical Speech-Language Pathologists: A Multiple-Baseline Design
Authors: Horvath Brittany McKee , Heape Amber , James Marissa
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Current research supports favorable outcomes using online continuing education, and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) report a lack of training in palliative care. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of online palliative care training on the knowledge and comfort level of medical SLPs.

Method:

In the multiple-baseline across participants method, 10 medical SLPs completed online training modules provided by the Center to Advance Palliative Care. An electronic visual analog scale was used to collect knowledge and comfort ratings. Seven intervention modules were completed asynchronously with self-perceived knowledge and comfort measured following each session. A follow-up phase was used to determine whether the gains were maintained for 3 weeks after the intervention.

Results:

Nine of 10 participants experienced statistically significant improvements in knowledge, which were maintained through the follow-up phase. Eight of 10 participants demonstrated statistically significant improvements in comfort, which were maintained through the follow-up phase.

Conclusions:

To date, no other study has examined the effects of online palliative care training on medical SLPs. This investigation provides evidence that online, asynchronous continuing education for medical SLPs may improve their self-perceived knowledge and comfort in palliative care.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27964515
Variability in Stuttering Severity and Other Symptoms Across Three Fluency States
Authors: Brown Edward C. , Hedinger Tricia , Saltuklaroglu Tim
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To quantify variability in external stuttering and other stuttering symptoms and reactions within adults who stutter (AWS) across three fluency states.

Method:

A total of 130 AWS responded to an online survey that first asked them to rate their external stuttering severity when least fluent (LF), most naturally fluent (MNF), and when using fluency shaping (FS) techniques using a 9-point semantic differential scale. Fourteen subsequent questions probed a wide range of stuttering symptoms and listener reactions in reference to each of the three states.

Results:

High intra- and interindividual variability was observed across all items probed. Within AWS, for 13 of 14 symptoms and reactions, LF was associated with the most negative ratings and MNF with the most positive ratings. FS ratings consistently fell between LF and MNF. Importantly, many symptoms continued to be prominently displayed even in the MNF state.

Conclusions:

Findings provide a unique view of intra-individual variability in stuttering symptoms in reference to external stuttering severity. In addition, these data highlight the costs and benefits associated with using FS. Other clinical implications are discussed.
Preparation and biological activity study of Ti13Nb13Zr surface nanotubes
Authors: Fan Xingping , Fan Wei
Published: December 2024

As a third‐generation titanium alloy, Ti13Nb13Zr is widely used in the field of biomedicine due to its advantages such as low elastic modulus, high strength, high toughness, high fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility. However, the biological inertness of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy limit their wide application as biomedical implant materials. In this study, the bioactive TiO2 nanotubes was prepared on Ti13Nb13Zr alloy by anodisation and heat treatment method. The bioactivity of Ti13Nb13Zr was evaluated by immersing the samples into the simulated body fluid for 20 days. Results show that the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy coated with anatase nanotubes has the superior ability of hydroxyapatite formation.
Optimal H‐infinity fuzzy control of chaotic synchronization cryptosystems: An NN‐based approach
Authors: Hsiao Feng‐Hsiag
Published: December 2024

This study combines the ElGamal encryption algorithm and chaotic synchronization to enhance security by means of double encryption techniques. The ElGamal encryption system is an asymmetric key encryption algorithm for the public key cryptography, based on the Diffie‐Hellman key exchange. With the rapid progress of science and technology, quantum computers are becoming universal, and due to their mighty computing power, traditional cryptosystems can be easily cracked; therefore, this study introduces a chaotic synchronization to prevent the security problems caused by quantum computers. Using the chaotic characteristics of disarray and irregularities as an auxiliary for encryption can enhance ElGamal security. Moreover, chaotic systems could be affected by external disturbances. Accordingly, this study focuses on fuzzy control for the optimal H∞ exponential synchronization of multiple time‐delay chaotic systems via the neural network‐based approach. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by an example with simulations.
Digital twin in the chemical industry: A review
Authors: Mane Samruddhi , Dhote Ritesh R. , Sinha Adityakumar , Thirumalaiswamy Raja
Published: December 2024

Adopting digital twin technology in the chemical industry is reshaping process optimisation, operational efficiency, and safety management. By leveraging data from sensors and control systems, the digital twins provide actionable insights, enabling more precise control over chemical reactions, improved quality assurance, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, the ability to simulate “what‐if” scenarios accelerates the innovation cycle and supports compliance with stringent regulatory standards. This research article explores the implementation and impact of digital twins in chemical manufacturing environments. It examines how digital twins enable continuous monitoring and control by mirroring chemical processes, predicting equipment failures, and simulating complex reactions under various conditions. The study highlights the benefits of digital twins, including improved process efficiency, enhanced product quality, and reduced environmental and operational risks. The research also addresses challenges and limitations, such as data integration complexities and the need for high‐fidelity models. By providing a comprehensive analysis of current applications and future prospects, this paper aims to advance the understanding of digital twins' role in driving innovation and sustainability within the chemical industry.
Design, development and evaluation of registry software for upper limb disabilities
Authors: Moulaei Khadijeh , Sheikhtaheri Abbas , Haghdoost AliAkbar , Shahabi Nezhad Mansour , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz
Published: December 2024

Upper limb disabilities, if not managed, controlled and treated, significantly affect the physical and mental condition, daily activities and quality of life. Registries can help control and manage and even treat these disabilities by collecting clinical‐management data of upper limb disabilities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design, develop and evaluate a registry system for upper limb disabilities in terms of usability. By having identified data elements in the exploratory phase, we developed our registry software using hypertext preprocessor (PHP) programming language in XAMPP software, version 8.1.10. The content and interface validity of the pre‐final version were assessed by 13 experts in the field of medical informatics and health information management. The registry has capabilities to create user profiles, record patient history, clinical records, independence in daily activities, mental health, and treatment processes. It can also generate statistical reports. Participants evaluated the registry's usability as “good” across different dimensions. The registry can help understand upper limb disabilities, improve care, reduce costs and errors, determine incidence and prevalence, evaluate prevention and treatment, and support research and policymaking. The registry can serve as a model for designing registries for other body disabilities.
Cosmological inference including massive neutrinos from the matter power spectrum: Biases induced by uncertainties in the covariance matrix
Authors: Gouyou Beauchamps S. , Baratta P. , Escoffier S. , Gillard W. , Bel J. , Bautista J. , Carbone C.
Published: December 2024

Data analysis from upcoming large galaxy redshift surveys, such as Euclid and DESI, will significantly improve constraints on cosmological parameters. To optimally extract the maximum information from these galaxy surveys, it is important to control with a high level of confidence the uncertainty and bias arising from the estimation of the covariance that affects the inference of cosmological parameters. In this work, we address two different but closely related issues: (i) the sampling noise present in a covariance matrix estimated from a finite set of simulations and (ii) the impact on cosmological constraints of the non-Gaussian contribution to the covariance matrix of the power spectrum. We focussed on the parameter estimation obtained from fitting the full shape of the matter power spectrum in real space, using the Dark Energy and Massive Neutrino Universe (DEMNUni) N-body simulations. Parameter inference was done through Monte Carlo Markov chains. Regarding the first issue, we adopted two different approaches to reduce the sampling noise in the precision matrix that propagates in the parameter space: on the one hand, using an alternative estimator of the covariance matrix based on a non-linear shrinkage, NERCOME (which stands for Non-parametric Eigenvalue-Regularised COvariance Matrix Estimator); and, on the other hand, employing a method of fast generation of approximate mock catalogues, COVMOS. We find that NERCOME can significantly reduce the stochastic shifts of the posteriors of parameters, but at the cost of a systematic overestimation of the error bars on the cosmological parameters. We show that using a COVMOS covariance matrix estimated from a large number of realisations (10 000) results in unbiased cosmological constraints. Regarding the second issue, we quantified the impact on cosmological constraints of the non-Gaussian part of the power spectrum covariance purely coming from non-linear clustering. We find that when this term is neglected, both the uncertainties and best-fit values of the estimated parameters are affected for a scale cut kmax > 0.2 h/Mpc.
Empowering Rural Sector: The promising impact of digitisation of payments – A Technological Step towards Transformation
Authors: Kulkarni Keerthi , Sattigeri Rashmi , Kulkarni Ameet V.
Published: December 2024

The Subcontinent has become the fifth largest economy in the world as a result of the implementation of instant payment systems that are allowed by technology. These systems are the major indications of what are considered to be promising economies. People living in rural areas have been given more authority as a result of the implementation of personalized banking systems, which has also led to increased openness in these transactions. The digitization of technology has changed the transaction process and the country’s strength.
Analyse de la justification des tomodensitométries crânio-encéphaliques au Togo
Authors: Adambounou Kokou , Hervé Santos Marc , David Houndetoungan Gilles , Beleave Kouevidjin Akoété
Published: December 2024

L’objectif de cette étude était d’analyser la justification des TDM crânio-encéphaliques réalisées au Togo. Il s’agit d’une étude transversale descriptive et analytique portant sur les examens tomodensitométriques crânio-encéphaliques réalisés 01 Juin au 31 aout 2021. L’analyse de la justification était faite sur la formulation de l’indication clinique, la cohérence de l’indication clinique avec la TDM demandée et la conformité de l’indication clinique avec le Guide de Bon Usage (GBU) de la SFR et de la SFMN. Notre série comportait 1974 examens tomodensitométriques crânio-encéphaliques dont 1197 TDM cérébrales sans injection de produit de contraste (60,64%), 701 TDM cérébrale sans et avec injection de produit de contraste (35,51%), 53 TDM des sinus (2,68%), 16 angioscanners cérébraux (0,81%) et 7 TDM des rochers (0,35%). L’âge moyen des patients était de 46,41 ans avec une prédominance masculine (H/F=1,19). Les demandeurs étaient les spécialistes (35,76%), les médecins généralistes (30,90%), les internes (20,11%), les paramédicaux (6,23%). L’indication clinique était présente dans 99,9% des cas et sa formulation était bonne dans 70,11% des cas, acceptable dans 25,73% des cas et mauvaise dans 4,05% des cas. Ces indications étaient cohérentes avec l’examen demandé dans 99,7% des cas et conformes au GBU dans 93,82% des cas. Les demandes étaient à priori non justifiées dans 18,56% des cas. Les résultats étaient pathologiques dans 73,56% des cas. Plus la formulation de l’indication était bonne, plus les indications étaient conformes au GBU et plus les résultats étaient pathologiques. En somme, un nombre non négligeable (1 examen sur 5) d’examens scanographiques crânio-encéphaliques réalisés au Togo n’étaient à priori pas justifiés. Des efforts doivent être faits par les demandeurs en vue garantir une irradiation médicale justifiée au Togo.
The Influence of Administrative Anti-Monopoly Measures on the Innovation Enthusiasm of Digital Economy Enterprises and Countermeasures
Authors: Hou Jiayi
Published: December 2024

This paper deeply discusses the impact of administrative anti-monopoly measures on the innovation enthusiasm of digital economy enterprises, analyzes the characteristics of the rapid growth of the digital economy and platform economy, and discusses the challenges faced by administrative anti-monopoly in this industry. By interpreting the development status and innovation cases of domestic and foreign anti-monopoly laws and regulations, this paper reveals the positive role of digital economy administrative anti-monopoly regulation in promoting market fair competition, protecting consumers’ rights and interests, and encouraging enterprises’ innovation and points out the difficulties and existing problems of digital economy administrative anti-monopoly regulation, such as complicated market definition and lagging regulatory policies. Finally, countermeasures such as improving anti-monopoly laws and regulations, enhancing law enforcement and judicial capabilities, strengthening market definition and identification of monopoly behavior, and enhancing coordination and unification of administrative supervision are put forward, which provides policy suggestions for the healthy development of the digital economy.
Research on the Digital Transformation strategy of Holiland Bakery Brand from the Perspective of Big Data
Authors: Zhang Zhuomin
Published: December 2024

With the increasing importance of data as a critical asset for businesses, particularly in the context of intense market competition, companies must leverage big data to devise more effective development plans, predict market trends, and assess risks. Utilizing big data in this manner enables administrators to formulate more strategic management and marketing approaches, thereby enhancing the core competitiveness of enterprises. While many studies have focused on Holiland’s transformation strategy, particularly its efforts to rejuvenate the brand through co-branded marketing and multi-channel sales, few have explored how big data can drive Holiland’s digital transformation. This paper aims to fill that gap by analyzing Holiland’s current strategies, including cross-border co-branding, multi-channel sales, preferential marketing, information systems, and international expansion, highlighting their limitations. The author suggests that to maintain a leading position in the industry, Holiland should embrace digital transformation by investing in digital infrastructure and utilizing VR technology to build a comprehensive digital ecosystem. This approach not only secures Holiland’s competitive edge but also provides a blueprint for other bakery brands seeking to navigate the digital landscape.
Comparative Analysis of Optimal Investment Strategies Based On 6 Stocks
Authors: Qu Shengxi
Published: December 2024

In the world of financial management, constructing an effective investment portfolio is a key task for investors. An optimal portfolio allows investors to achieve their financial goals while managing potential risks in a dynamic and uncertain market environment. It is acknowledged that one foundational principle in portfolio construction is risk diversification. In portfolio construction, two popular methods for optimizing investment decisions are the minimal volatility portfolio and the maximum Sharpe ratio portfolio. This research collects historical stock data from Nasdaq to evaluate the effectiveness of these two portfolio strategies. By applying the Mean-Variance Model to six representative stocks across different sectors, this study aims to determine which strategy performs superior cumulative returns. Results show that the minimal volatility portfolio achieved a relatively higher cumulative return, outperforming the maximum Sharpe ratio strategy and the market index. This study provides important insights for risk-averse investors looking for steady returns by highlighting the benefit of a lower-risk portfolio in producing better cumulative returns.
The exploration of Zhoushan Port’s competitive advantage and development strategy
Authors: Si Yuecheng
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the key factors influencing the performance of retail enterprises through a comprehensive analysis utilizing multivariate regression models. By examining various internal and external determinants such as market orientation, customer satisfaction, employee behavior, and technological investments, the study aims to identify the most significant drivers of retail success. Drawing from existing literature and case analysis, the paper delves into the interplay between these factors and their impact on financial performance, customer loyalty, and overall competitiveness. The research methodology employs a combination of statistical regression techniques to model and quantify the relationships between these variables. Key findings suggest that customer experience management, market orientation, and personalized service strategies play a pivotal role in driving profitability and growth in retail enterprises. The study concludes with recommendations for retail managers on optimizing operational efficiency and enhancing customer-centric strategies to achieve sustainable business outcomes in a highly competitive industry. Furthermore, it highlights potential areas for future research, including the role of digitalization and sustainability in retail performance.
Research on Optimal Portfolio Based on Markowitz Model-Taking the U.S. Stock Market as an Example
Authors: Feng Xi
Published: December 2024

With the booming development of financial market, financial products are increasing, and the risk is also increasing, leading to the simple pursuit of maximizing returns can no longer meet the needs of investors, so how to choose the appropriate assets to build investment portfolios and weigh their risks and returns to achieve the optimal allocation of assets and maximize the investment returns has become the object of investors’ attention. Markowitz’s portfolio theory is sought after by investors. This paper takes Markowitz mean-variance model as the theoretical framework, on the basis of which the actual data of five stocks and SPX between May 2001 and May 2021 are used, and EXCEL is used to conduct empirical analysis to obtain the weights, minimum standard deviation, and yield curves of each stock, and ultimately the efficient frontier as well as the optimal asset allocation. The research in this paper verifies that Markowitz’s model is still instructive for investors to construct portfolio models in today’s market.
„KI entwickelt sich schneller als jede andere Technologie in der Medizin“
Authors: Niklas Anke
Published: December 2024

Diagnosen aus komplexen Daten erstellen, Therapieansätze virtuell testen, Arztbriefe verfassen, Fälschungen in der Forschung aufdecken. Wie Künstliche Intelligenz die Komplementärmedizin verbessern könnte, ohne menschliche Werte und Bedürfnisse einzubüßen.
IT-Angriffe an Kliniken
Authors: Pfenninger Ernst , Königsdorfer Manuel
Published: December 2024

Kliniken gehören per definitionem zur kritischen Infrastruktur eines Landes. Vermehrt sind in den vergangenen Jahren Krankenhäuser Ziel von Hackerangriffen mit der Folge einer wochen- bis sogar monatelangen Beeinträchtigung ihrer Handlungsfähigkeit geworden. Gemäß der „Nationalen Strategie zum Schutz Kritischer Infrastrukturen (KRITIS-Strategie)“ sind Kliniken gesetzlich verpflichtet, dagegen Vorsorge zu treffen. Dazu sollten IT-abhängige Prozesse in einer Klinik evaluiert, definiert und Ausfallkonzepte erarbeitet werden, um auf einen Cyberangriff vorbereitet zu sein. Spezifisch auf einen EDV-Ausfall zugeschnittene Notfallpläne sollten in allen IT-abhängigen Bereichen einer Klinik erstellt und vorgehalten werden. Zudem sollten papierbasierte Ersatzlösungen, wie z. B. Anforderungsbelege für Diagnostik- oder Konsilleistungen, abteilungsspezifische Notfalldokumente und Patientendokumentationskurven an einem gut zugänglichen und den Mitarbeitenden des jeweiligen Bereichs
bekannten Ort vorgehalten werden. Die vollständige Wiederherstellung eines Kliniknetzwerks nach einem Cyberangriff erfordert häufig eine umfassende Wiederherstellung zahlreicher IT-Systeme. Dies kann u. U. Wochen bis Monate dauern. Wenn das Krankenhaus über solide Pläne zur Cyber-Notfallvorsorge verfügt, die regelmäßige Scans und Backups in Echtzeit umfassen, können eine Stabilisierung und ein schnelleres Wiederanlaufen des Betriebs möglich sein.
Digitale Achtsamkeit und Künstliche Intelligenz: Chancen und Herausforderungen in der modernen Mind-Body-Medizin
Authors: Esch Tobias , Michaelsen Maren M.
Published: December 2024

Digitale Mind-Body-Interventionen wie Achtsamkeitsprogramme können Symptome psychischer Belastungen wie Stress, Angst und Depression reduzieren. Studien zeigen ihre Wirksamkeit in verschiedenen Zielgruppen: von Krebspatient*innen bis hin zu Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen. Da die Programme flexibel und alltagsnah eingesetzt werden können, um Stress zu reduzieren und die persönliche Achtsamkeit zu fördern, sind sie insbesondere für Menschen mit begrenzten Zeitressourcen oder körperlichen Einschränkungen wertvoll. Künstliche Intelligenz und maschinelles Lernen leisten dabei einen Beitrag, die Angebote noch besser auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse der Nutzenden zuzuschneiden.
Klangschalentherapie in der Schmerzmedizin
Authors: Michaelis Johannes , Preiß Stefanie
Published: December 2024

Die Klangschalentherapie wird als Entspannungsverfahren sowohl präventiv als auch kurativ bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen eingesetzt. In der Behandlung von Schmerzpatientinnen und Schmerzpatienten kann sie insbesondere denjenigen helfen, bei denen andere Entspannungsverfahren bisher erfolglos geblieben sind. Studien geben erste Hinweise auf die positiven Effekte der Klangschalentherapie auf den Schmerzlevel, aber auch auf die Herzfrequenz sowie auf die psychische Verfassung.
Ein zweifellos unterschätztes Gemüse: die Gemeine Wegwarte
Authors: Gaunitz Franziska
Published: December 2024

Heilpflanze, Wegwarte, Schmerzen, Rheuma, VerdauungDie Gemeine Wegwarte ist eine Pflanze, die eine Vielzahl an medizinisch wertvollen Inhaltsstoffen enthält. Als Anwendungsgebiete von Tee aus der Wurzel der Gemeinen Wegwarte werden in der Monografie des Herbal Medicinal Product Committee (HMPC) der European Medicines Agency (EMA) die Folgenden genannt: zur Linderung von Symptomen leichter Verdauungsstörungen wie Völlegefühl, Blähungen und langsame Verdauung sowie bei vorübergehender Appetitlosigkeit. Traditionell wird die Wegwarte auch bei Erkrankungen wie Rheuma und Hautkrankheiten sowie bei Schmerzen und Infekten wie Malaria eingesetzt.
Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzo[b]thiophenes via an Intramolecular Dehydrogenative C–S Bond Formation Effected by Iodine(III) Reagents
Authors: Bugaenko Dmitry I. , Karchava Alexander V.
Published: December 2024

A direct synthesis of medicinal chemistry-relevant 2-aminobenzo[b]thiophenes has been achieved from substituted thioamides of 2-arylacetic acids through a fast intramolecular cross-dehydrogenative cyclization, mediated by hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodobenzene (HTIB, Koser’s reagent). This synthetic approach is operationally simple, uses easily accessible substrates, and tolerates a variety of substituents at different sites, providing an opportunity for diversification.
Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene-Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes: Remarkable Electronic Effect Regarding π-Accepting Character of Ring-Fused N-Heterocyclic Carbene
Authors: Shibahara Fumitoshi , Endo Koki
Published: December 2024

Imidazo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylidene (IPC)-catalyzed oxidative esterification of aldehydes was investigated. A series of IPCs showed good catalytic activity, in particular, sterically hindered ones. Substituents on the 3-position of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine ring significantly influenced its catalytic activity, and electron-withdrawing substituent accelerated the reaction.