bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Temperature Dependent Boltzmann Equation with Reservoir of Radiation Photons
Authors: Wang Zhengchuan
Published: March 2023

Usually, the temperature is introduced by the Boltzmann distribution function under the local equilibrium assumption. In this manuscript, we propose a temperature dependent Boltzmann equation, where the temperature is taken into account by the collision of transport particles and the particles in the reservoir, and we assume the reservoir remain in an equilibrium or local equilibrium state with an external temperature. Different from the usual Boltzmann equation, our temperature dependent Boltzmann equation obtains a new damping force which originates from the collision between transport particle and reservoir and is contrary to the external force applied to the system, meanwhile the relaxation time is also affected by the derivative of the damping force. In our study, the reservoir are consist of the radiations of photons, so the Compton scattering happens between the transport particle and the photon. Finally, we illustrate them by the example of one-dimensional transport process, the damping force and the non-equilibrium temperature defined by us are shown.
A Probabilistic Neural Network Measurement Method for Multispectral High Dynamic Temperature
Authors: Zeng Chaobin , Liu Bin , Zhang Xuan , Han Yan
Published: March 2023

Among various temperature measurement technologies, Multispectral thermometry is a better method to measure temperature under complex conditions. To solve the problems in the multi-spectral temperature measurement technology, which included the detector’s non-linear sensitivity characteristics, consistency calibration, data processing, etc., this paper, based on the previous research and development of the multi-spectral dynamic temperature measurement system, realized data acquisition of the dynamic temperature in 20us sample rates within 1550~2000 Celsius, and then the dynamic measurement data is processed by the probabilistic neural network (PNN). Finally, temperature measurement system realized the accuracy of the measurement error less than 1.1%. The results show that the PNN neural network can fit the temperature distribution curve better and faster, and can be better applied to the miniaturization of the temperature measurement system.
Study on the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of (K, Rb, Cs, Fr) Doped CoSi Based on the First Principle
Authors: Pan Zhengkun , Zhao Zehang , Niu Xiaoxiao , Cheng Yu , Zou Jiang
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the band structure, density of States and optical properties of CoSi, K, Rb, Cs and Fr doped CoSi are calculated by first principles. It is found that the bottom and top of the conduction band pass through the Fermi level before and after doping, showing metal properties. The static permittivity of undoped CoSi, K, Rb, Cs and Fr doping is 28.9,154,168,110,105 respectively, which indicates that the static permittivity is improved after doping the refractive index of doped K, Rb, Cs and Fr increases compared with that of undoped CoSi. After doping, the maximum imaginary part of dielectric constant is 18.4; 608; 56; 32.9; 31 respectively.CoSi, K-CoSi, Rb-CoSi, Cs-CoSi and Fr-Cosi have strong absorption of light in the far ultraviolet region, and the maximum absorption coefficients are 3.83, 3.69, 3.37, 3.34 and 3.33 respectively. The maximum reflection peak of undoped CoSi is 0.807, that of K-doped system is 0.774, that of Rb-doped system is 0.713, that of Cs-doped system is 0.731, and that of Fr-doped system is 0.758. It can be seen that the reflectivity of doped CoSi decreases, and the reflectivity of Rb-doped system is the smallest Compared with the undoped system, the photoconductivity of the doped system moves to the high energy region, resulting in a blue shift.
All-optical Tuning of Microsphere Whispering Gallery Mode Resonance Wavelength to Lock to the DFB Laser Wavelength for Using in CH4 Detection
Authors: Wang Han , Weng Longhang , Yu Wenwei
Published: March 2023

Methane is a flammable and explosive gas, which is the main component of mashgas and natural gas.Methane monitoring plays an important role in coal mine safety and natural gas.The high-Q whispering gallery mode (WGM) of optical microcavity has a long photon lifetime, which greatly prolongs the effective optical path between light and surroundings,and has the potential to be made into miniaturized and highly sensitive gas sensor device.In order to realize the high Q microcavity WGM enhancement light absorption methane gas sensor,the key technology is to lock the resonant frequency of the microsphere cavity to the DFB laser frequency.In order to ensure the intrinsic safety of the CH4 sensor, the resonance wavelength of the all-optically tuning microsphere cavity was studied, so that it was locked to the wavelength of the CH4 absorption peak of 1653.72nm. The resonant wavelength of the microsphere was tuned by injecting light along the fiber handle of the microsphere, and the refractive index of the microsphere was changed by absorbing light and converting heat with the coating of the sphere crown.
Research the Nonlinear Frequency Modulation of Tunable Light Source to Improve the Spatial Resolution of OFDR
Authors: Xiao Longfei , Wang Hengfei , Xu Canhua , Huang Yantang
Published: March 2023

The main factor affecting the optical fiber spatial resolution of OFDR system is the non-linearity of laser frequency tuning.We demonstrated a M-Z interferometry and performed nonlinear measurements at different frequencies. The main and auxiliary interferometers with tunable laser source(TLS) were built, and the auxiliary interferometer was used to correct the nonlinearity modulation of the frequecny of the main laser.The interpolation compensation scheme was proposed.The research results of the nonlinear frequency modulation of TLS to improve the spatial resolution of optical fiber vibration sensing was demonstrated,the spatial resolution is 0.17m.
A Segmental Measurement for Improving the Dynamic Range and Spatial Resolution of Φ-OTDR Fiber Vibration Detection
Authors: Wang Hengfei , Xiao Longfei , Huang Yantang
Published: March 2023

Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) utilizes the back Rayleigh scattered light to realize long-distance and high spatial resolution vibration and acoustic waves detection in the whole sensing fiber. The Φ-OTDR has been widely used in structure health monitoring, gas pipelines preventing digging, etc. For practical applications, because of weak backscattering Rayleigh light and exponentially decreased injecting optical signal along the optical fiber, long distance Φ-OTDR detection is very difficult to realize, so how to extend detecting range meanwhile possessing a relatively high spatial resolution turns into a challenge in Φ-OTDR. We proposed a scheme of adjusting EDFA output optical power to use segmented measurement to improve the performance of Φ-OTDR, which can extend detecting range to several tens of kilometers. A segmental measurement scheme was proposed and the experimental results were presented.
A Broadband Circularly Polarized Antenna with Stable Gain Based on Square Slotted Ground
Authors: Li Mingshun , Song Wei , Sheng Xinqing
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a circularly polarized (CP) low cost, low profile antenna with broadband stable gain is proposed. The antenna consists of a grounded square slot with two inverted-L shaped microstrips, an asymmetrical Y-shaped microstrip radiator with a stub, and several fine tuning elements. The CP radiation is first realized by using the Y-shaped microstrip line, which incorporates a stub is to realize better impedance matching. Next, by utilizing two Inverted-L microstrips into the corners of the grounded slot, the axial ratio (AR) characteristic can be further improved. A wider AR bandwidth (ARBW) can be achieved by utilizing four rectangular strips as fine tuning elements. Simulation results show the proposed antenna demonstrates a radiation with a CP bandwidth of 50% and a stable gain with average value of 5.18 dBi.
Light Source Optimization of 3D Inner Contour Measurement System Based on Ring Beam Method
Authors: Ma Hua , Shi Zhendong , Bai Jinxi , Liu Lijia , Zhang lin
Published: March 2023

Ring beam method is a simple and efficient method for measuring three-dimensional internal contour. The whole three-dimensional inner contour is stitched from the contour lines of cross-sectional images collected during scanning. The contour image with uniform and moderate light intensity and fine ring band is beneficial to the calculation of contour line extraction algorithm. In practice, due to the quality of the ring beam and the modulation effect of the sample surface microstructure, the light band of the contour image has local widening, overexposure and speckle phenomena, which directly affect the contour extraction effect. The ring beam generation system is optimized here, which makes the whole system have better size adaptability and convenient adjustment. In addition, experiments results show that the measurement repeatability of the cross-sectional profile obtained after the light source optimization has been effectively improved.
The Misadjustment Error of a New Cylindrical Surface Testing Method
Authors: Xu Yuting , Guo Peiji
Published: March 2023

A cylindrical combination testing method is proposed in this paper. Three cylindrical mirrors are combined in pairs. By constructing a confocal optical system for interference testing to obtain combined wavefront aberration. The cylindrical surface errors are calculated by the combined wavefront aberration. The source of misalignment error is analyzed in detail and the mathematical model combined with the Chebyshev polynomial coefficients is established. That the misalignment error can be effectively removed by polynomial fitting is proved by simulation.
The Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter to the Seawater Refractive Index Using Optical Refractometer
Authors: Zhang Cong , Xiao Yuyang , Fu Yujie , Su Juan , Wu Chi , Yu Liping , Liu Qiang
Published: March 2023

Optic refractive index is a good proxy for in situ salinity measurement of seawater according to TEOS-10. Currently, salinity of seawater is estimated by practical salinity (SP), which is calculated by measuring electric conductivity, temperature and pressure using Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) sensors. However, the electric conductivity method only takes into account the conductive compositions to seawater salinity and ignores the contribution of non-ionic components. However, non-ionic components in seawater affect seawater salinity according to the definition of salinity of seawater, but they could not be measured by conductivity sensor. Optical refractive index is sensitive to all dissolved matters of seawater including ionic and non-ionic components. Here, we take the dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from Aoshan Bay seawater as the representative sample to experimentally study the contribution of the non-ionic component to the refractive index of the standard seawater. Seawater refractive indices with different DOM concentrations were measured by a home-made V-shaped groove refractometer. The experimental results show that refractive index of seawater increases linearly with increasing DOM concentration at rate of 1.19 × 10-4/1(g/kg) DOM.
Reversible coherence conversion across optical degrees-of-freedom: a tutorial
Authors: Harling Mitchell , Kelkar Varun , Abouraddy Ayman F , Toussaint Jr Kimani C
Published: March 2023

This work introduces the concept and experimentation of reversible optical coherence conversion, and outlines optical coherency matrix tomography as a method for measuring the full coherence of a field. To date, coherence conversion has only been demonstrated between the spatial and polarization degrees-of-freedom (DoFs). Coherence conversion offers a new control over an optical field’s DoFs—protecting against deleterious scrambling effects.
Depth resolved imaging by digital holography via sample-shifting
Authors: Jiang Zhilong , Veetil Suhas P , He Xiaoliang , Sun Aihui , Kong Yan , Liu Cheng , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: March 2023

Depth resolved imaging is achieved by evenly displacing the sample in the lateral direction using a standard digital holographic setup. A series of holograms are recorded in the reflection geometry while the sample is evenly moved and an algorithm is developed to selectively construct the complex amplitude of the sample at specific focal depths. The amount of information needed for reconstruction is significantly decreased by the recommended method. The suggested approach is suitable for three-dimensional imaging applications, particularly for high transmittance materials, according to experimental findings obtained using a basic holographic setup.
Electrospinning with curved nozzle spinneret for producing poly (vinyl Alcohol) nanomembrane for filtration
Authors: Menaka T , Srinivasan Andy
Published: March 2023

To produce a consistent and fine nanofiber with a higher yield, electrospinning with a redesigned spinneret has been used. The principle that a curved or sharp edge activates a greater electric field intensity that stretches the jet into a thinner and denser electro spinning nanoweb is the subject of this research. In the electrospinning process, a curved nozzle spinneret outperforms a circular nozzle spinneret and a standard needle type in terms of electric field intensity and dispersion. It has been discovered that a high electric field intensity causes a 30% reduction in fiber diameter, the development of a denser fiber web, and an increase in production rate up to 280 mg h−1.For testing as an air filtration material, the electro-spun nano web of Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is accumulated as a membrane and sandwiched with polypropylene nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven membrane can filter particles down to 2–3 microns, whereas the sandwiched PVA nano-fiber can filter particles into nanometers. This research could lead to the low-cost manufacture of Nano-membranes using a simple electrospinning setup.
The waste separation behaviour of primary and middle school students and its influencing factors: Evidence from Yingtan City, China
Authors: Zhang Dongyong , Chen Jingjing , Liu Lingyi , Hao Mengge , Morse Stephen
Published: March 2023

Waste separation at source has been proved to be an effective way to reduce the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) which has become a major challenge to China’s ecological environment. However, waste source separation requires effort from each individual citizen. As the important drivers of change and potential influencers of the future world, younger Chinese’s waste separation behaviour is crucial to the long-term successful implementation of China’s MSW separation policy. To explore the waste separation behaviour of younger Chinese and identify the factors that may influence their behaviour so as to better encourage younger generation of Chinese to practice waste sorting in their daily lives, a questionnaire survey of 579 primary and middle school (PMS) students aged between 6 and18 years old (y/o) was carried out in Yingtan City, Jiangxi Province, China. Binary logistic regression was adopted to explore the factors that might influence the respondents’ waste separation behaviour. The results indicate that more than half PMS students in Yingtan have participated in waste separation, and junior year students perform better in waste separation practice than their seniors. Students are found to have basic knowledge of MSW classification, but they are more familiar with recyclable waste and hazardous waste than non-recyclable waste. The analysis also highlights positive relationships between PMS students’ attitude to waste separation, their willingness to do it, their environmental education and their waste separation behaviour. The level of convenience of waste sorting facilities and influences from friends and families are also positively related to the students’ waste separation practice, but families have the strongest influence. The perception of a mandatory waste separation policy would demotivate students in terms of waste separation practice, while giving rewards is considered to be the most effective approach to encouraging waste separation. Finally, management strategies for improving PMS students’ waste separation behaviour are discussed and several recommendations for improvement are made.
Atomic layer deposition to heterostructures for application in gas sensors
Authors: Pan Hongyin , Zhou Lihao , Zheng Wei , Liu Xianghong , Zhang Jun , Pinna Nicola
Published: March 2023

Highlights

Atomic layer deposition is versatile in precise design of heterostructure materials.

Gas sensing performances of heterostructures engineered by ALD are reviewed.

Future developments and challenges faced by ALD-designed materials are discussed.
Assessing stormwater control measure inventories from 23 cities in the United States
Authors: Choat Benjamin , Pulido Amber , Bhaskar Aditi S , Hale Rebecca L , Zhang Harry X , Meixner Thomas , McPhillips Lauren , Hopkins Kristina , Cherrier Jennifer , Cheng Chingwen
Published: March 2023

Since the 1987 Clean Water Act Section 319 amendment, the US Government has required and funded the development of nonpoint source pollution programs with about $5 billion dollars. Despite these expenditures, nonpoint source pollution from urban watersheds is still a significant cause of impaired waters in the United States. Urban stormwater management has rapidly evolved over recent decades with decision-making made at a local or city scale. To address the need for a better understanding of how stormwater management has been implemented in different cities, we used stormwater control measure (SCM) network data from 23 US cities and assessed what physical, climatic, socioeconomic, and/or regulatory explanatory variables, if any, are related to SCM assemblages at the municipal scale. Spearman’s correlation and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to investigate relationships between explanatory variables and SCM types and assemblages of SCMs in each city. The results from these analyses showed that for the cities assessed, physical explanatory variables (e.g. impervious percentage and depth to water table) explained the greatest portion of variability in SCM assemblages. Additionally, it was found that cities with combined sewers favored filters, swales and strips, and infiltrators over basins, and cities that are under consent decrees with the Environmental Protection Agency tended to include filters more frequently in their SCM inventories. Future work can build on the SCM assemblages used in this study and their explanatory variables to better understand the differences and drivers of differences in SCM effectiveness across cities, improve watershed modeling, and investigate city- and watershed-scale impacts of SCM assemblages.
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Ultrasound Parameters of Fetal Growth in Eastern Massachusetts
Authors: Leung Michael , Modest Anna M , Hacker Michele R , Wylie Blair J , Wei Yaguang , Schwartz Joel , Iyer Hari S , Hart Jaime E , Coull Brent A , Laden Francine , Weisskopf Marc G , Papatheodorou Stefania
Published: March 2023

Previous studies have examined the association between prenatal nitrogen dioxide (NO2)—a traffic emissions tracer—and fetal growth based on ultrasound measures. Yet, most have used exposure assessment methods with low temporal resolution, which limits the identification of critical exposure windows given that pregnancy is relatively short. Here, we used NO2 data from an ensemble model linked to residential addresses at birth to fit distributed lag models that estimated the association between NO2 exposure (resolved weekly) and ultrasound biometric parameters in a Massachusetts-based cohort of 9,446 singleton births from 2011–2016. Ultrasound biometric parameters examined included biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference, femur length, and abdominal circumference. All models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, time trends, and temperature. We found that higher NO2 was negatively associated with all ultrasound parameters. The critical window differed depending on the parameter and when it was assessed. For example, for BPD measured after week 31, the critical exposure window appeared to be weeks 15–25; 10-parts-per-billion higher NO2 sustained from conception to the time of measurement was associated with a lower mean z score of −0.11 (95% CI: −0.17, −0.05). Our findings indicate that reducing traffic emissions is one potential avenue to improving fetal and offspring health.
Comparison of Bayesian Spatiotemporal Models for Small-Area Life Expectancy: A Simulation Study
Authors: Kim Ikhan , Kang Hee-Yeon , Khang Young-Ho
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the precision, uncertainty, and normality of small-area life expectancy estimates calculated using Bayesian spatiotemporal models. We hypothesized 6 scenarios in which all 247 districts of South Korea had the same year-specific female population of 500, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000, and 25,000 individuals during the study period (2013–2017). We generated 1,000 hypothetical data sets for each scenario and calculated district-year life expectancies. The precision and uncertainty of life expectancy estimates were compared between 2 Bayesian spatiotemporal models and the traditional method and Bayesian spatial models. We examined the normality of the life expectancy distributions generated by each method and investigated an optimal cutoff value for the comparisons. The Bayesian spatiotemporal models produced precise life expectancy estimates. However, the 95% uncertainty interval contained the true value with a probability of less than 95%. The Bayesian spatiotemporal models violated the normality assumption in scenarios with small population sizes. Therefore, life expectancy comparisons should be conducted using a cutoff value that minimizes false-positive and false-negative rates. We propose 0.8 as a cutoff value for determining the statistical significance of the difference in life expectancy.
India’s tryst with the group of companies doctrine: the end or the beginning of a new dawn?
Authors: Singh Vijayendra Pratap , Jha Abhijnan , Vidyarthi Abhisar
Published: March 2023

Recently, in Cox & Kings Ltd. v. SAP India (P) Ltd (2022), the Supreme Court of India called into question the doctrinal ingredients and applicability of the group of companies doctrine in India. The Apex Court doubted the correctness of its consistent line of earlier decisions, wherein the group of companies doctrine had been strongly embraced as a tool to bind non-signatories to arbitration. Holding that the group of companies doctrine appears to have been based more on economics and convenience rather than law, the Supreme Court has referred several questions regarding the validity and applicability of the doctrine in India to a larger bench for consideration. The purpose of this case note is to summarize and comment on the judgment of the Supreme Court. The case note critically analyses the concerns and questions raised by the Supreme Court. In doing so, the case note concludes that there is sufficient basis for the existence and application of the group of companies doctrine under the [Indian] Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
Analysis of super-enhancer using machine learning and its application to medical biology
Authors: Hamamoto Ryuji , Takasawa Ken , Shinkai Norio , Machino Hidenori , Kouno Nobuji , Asada Ken , Komatsu Masaaki , Kaneko Syuzo
Published: March 2023

The analysis of super-enhancers (SEs) has recently attracted attention in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cancer and other diseases. SEs are genomic structures that strongly induce gene expression and have been reported to contribute to the overexpression of oncogenes. Because the analysis of SEs and integrated analysis with other data are performed using large amounts of genome-wide data, artificial intelligence technology, with machine learning at its core, has recently begun to be utilized. In promoting precision medicine, it is important to consider information from SEs in addition to genomic data; therefore, machine learning technology is expected to be introduced appropriately in terms of building a robust analysis platform with a high generalization performance. In this review, we explain the history and principles of SE, and the results of SE analysis using state-of-the-art machine learning and integrated analysis with other data are presented to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current status of SE analysis in the field of medical biology. Additionally, we compared the accuracy between existing machine learning methods on the benchmark dataset and attempted to explore the kind of data preprocessing and integration work needed to make the existing algorithms work on the benchmark dataset. Furthermore, we discuss the issues and future directions of current SE analysis.
MetaHMEI: meta-learning for prediction of few-shot histone modifying enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Lu Qi , Zhang Ruihan , Zhou Hongyuan , Ni Dongxuan , Xiao Weilie , Li Jin
Published: March 2023

Motivation

Histones are the chief protein components of chromatin, and the chemical modifications on histones crucially influence the transcriptional state of related genes. Histone modifying enzyme (HME), responsible for adding or removing the chemical labels, has emerged as a very important class of drug target, with a few HME inhibitors launched as anti-cancerous drugs and tens of molecules under clinical trials. To accelerate the drug discovery process of HME inhibitors, machine learning-based predictive models have been developed to enrich the active molecules from vast chemical space. However, the number of compounds with known activity distributed largely unbalanced among different HMEs, particularly with many targets of less than a hundred active samples. In this case, it is difficult to build effective virtual screening models directly based on machine learning.

Results

To this end, we propose a new Meta-learning-based Histone Modifying Enzymes Inhibitor prediction method (MetaHMEI). Our proposed MetaHMEI first uses a self-supervised pre-training approach to obtain high-quality molecular substructure embeddings from a large unlabeled chemical dataset. Then, MetaHMEI exploits a Transformer-based encoder and meta-learning framework to build a prediction model. MetaHMEI allows the effective transfer of the prior knowledge learned from HMEs with sufficient samples to HMEs with a small number of samples, so the proposed model can produce accurate predictions for HMEs with limited data. Extensive experimental results on our collected and curated HMEs datasets show that MetaHMEI is better than other methods in the case of few-shot learning. Furthermore, we applied MetaHMEI in the virtual screening process of histone JMJD3 inhibitors and successfully obtained three small molecule inhibitors, further supporting the validity of our model.
Scrooge: a fast and memory-frugal genomic sequence aligner for CPUs, GPUs, and ASICs
Authors: Lindegger Joël , Senol Cali Damla , Alser Mohammed , Gómez-Luna Juan , Ghiasi Nika Mansouri , Mutlu Onur
Published: March 2023

Motivation

Pairwise sequence alignment is a very time-consuming step in common bioinformatics pipelines. Speeding up this step requires heuristics, efficient implementations, and/or hardware acceleration. A promising candidate for all of the above is the recently proposed GenASM algorithm. We identify and address three inefficiencies in the GenASM algorithm: it has a high amount of data movement, a large memory footprint, and does some unnecessary work.

Results

We propose Scrooge, a fast and memory-frugal genomic sequence aligner. Scrooge includes three novel algorithmic improvements which reduce the data movement, memory footprint, and the number of operations in the GenASM algorithm. We provide efficient open-source implementations of the Scrooge algorithm for CPUs and GPUs, which demonstrate the significant benefits of our algorithmic improvements. For long reads, the CPU version of Scrooge achieves a 20.1×, 1.7×, and 2.1× speedup over KSW2, Edlib, and a CPU implementation of GenASM, respectively. The GPU version of Scrooge achieves a 4.0×, 80.4×, 6.8×, 12.6×, and 5.9× speedup over the CPU version of Scrooge, KSW2, Edlib, Darwin-GPU, and a GPU implementation of GenASM, respectively. We estimate an ASIC implementation of Scrooge to use 3.6× less chip area and 2.1× less power than a GenASM ASIC while maintaining the same throughput. Further, we systematically analyze the throughput and accuracy behavior of GenASM and Scrooge under various configurations. As the best configuration of Scrooge depends on the computing platform, we make several observations that can help guide future implementations of Scrooge.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/Scrooge.
Linear diophantine uncertain linguistic-based prospect theory approach for performance evaluation of islanded microgrid-system scenarios
Authors: Singh Sweta , Kanwar Neeraj , Zindani Divya
Published: March 2023

Renewable-energy-based hybrid microgrids can aid in achieving one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, i.e. ‘Affordable and clean energy’. However, experts may be faced with the challenge of selecting the best one for the electrification of an area. To avoid the challenge and realize the ultimate goal of the United Nations, the present study, therefore, proposes a novel prospect theory-based decision-making approach to help experts in opting for the best microgrid scenario. The proposed decision-making framework considers the risk appetite of the decision-maker, a quintessential aspect of the process. Linear diophantine uncertain linguistic sets are used to model the linguistic evaluations from the experts. The information from different experts is aggregated using a linear diophantine uncertain linguistic power Einstein-weighted geometric operator. Finally, the prospect-theory-based TOmada de Decisao Interativa Multicriterio approach is employed to evaluate the performance of the available microgrid scenarios and hence opt for the best microgrid scenario. The proposed framework has been used to evaluate the performance of seven possible microgrid scenarios and hence select the best one that can be implemented for rural electrification of a remote village in Assam, India. The microgrid scenario consisting of a photovoltaic–wind turbine–fuel cell–battery converter (MG3) has been revealed to be the best scenario among the seven considered microgrid scenarios. The validity of the obtained ranking results has been adjudged through a comprehensive evaluation regarding the attenuation factor and the weights of the criteria. Moreover, previous case studies have also been solved using the proposed methodology and the results reveal a good correlation between the obtained ranking results.
Brightness illusions evoke pupil constriction preceded by a primary visual cortex response in rats
Authors: Vasilev Dmitrii , Raposo Isabel , Totah Nelson K
Published: March 2023

The mind affects the body via central nervous system (CNS) control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In humans, one striking illustration of the “mind–body” connection is that illusions, subjectively perceived as bright, drive pupil constriction. The CNS network driving this pupil response is unknown and requires an animal model for investigation. However, the pupil response to this illusion has long been thought to occur only in humans. Here, we report that the same brightness illusion that evokes pupil constriction in humans also does so in rats. We surveyed the role of most of rat cortex in this “mind–body” connection by recording cortex-wide EEG. These recordings revealed that, compared to a luminance-matched control stimulus, the illusion of brightness for a specific stimulus color and size, evoked a larger response in primary visual cortex (V1) and not in secondary visual, parietal, or frontal cortex. The response preceded pupil constriction suggesting a potential causal role of V1 on the pupil. Our results provide evidence that this “mind–body” connection is not confined to humans and that V1 may be part of a mammalian CNS network for bodily reactions to illusions.
Spikiness and animacy as potential organizing principles of human ventral visual cortex
Authors: Coggan David D , Tong Frank
Published: March 2023

Considerable research has been devoted to understanding the fundamental organizing principles of the ventral visual pathway. A recent study revealed a series of 3–4 topographical maps arranged along the macaque inferotemporal (IT) cortex. The maps articulated a two-dimensional space based on the spikiness and animacy of visual objects, with “inanimate-spiky” and “inanimate-stubby” regions of the maps constituting two previously unidentified cortical networks. The goal of our study was to determine whether a similar functional organization might exist in human IT. To address this question, we presented the same object stimuli and images from “classic” object categories (bodies, faces, houses) to humans while recording fMRI activity at 7 Tesla. Contrasts designed to reveal the spikiness-animacy object space evoked extensive significant activation across human IT. However, unlike the macaque, we did not observe a clear sequence of complete maps, and selectivity for the spikiness-animacy space was deeply and mutually entangled with category-selectivity. Instead, we observed multiple new stimulus preferences in category-selective regions, including functional sub-structure related to object spikiness in scene-selective cortex. Taken together, these findings highlight spikiness as a promising organizing principle of human IT and provide new insights into the role of category-selective regions in visual object processing.
Electrogustometry: validation of bipolar electrode stimulation
Authors: Matsuda Toshi , Mysore Ganesh Pavana , Brown Robert , Grosso Vince , Doty Richard L
Published: March 2023

Electrogustometry (EGM) is a practical way to test taste. It is typically performed using unipolar electrodes, with the anode on the tongue and the cathode on the hand, forearm, or neck. This results in electric current passing through nontaste tissues and adds a level of impracticality to its clinical application. We compared, using a repeated measures counterbalanced design, anodal thresholds from a unipolar electrode to those of a unique bipolar electrode in which the anode and cathode are contiguously located. Both sides of the anterior tongue were assessed in 70 subjects, as were the effects of age and sex. Nonparametric analyses were performed. The median threshold of the bipolar electrode’s central disk (2.49 µA) did not differ from that of the unipolar electrode (2.96 µA) (P = 0.84). On average, older persons exhibited higher thresholds. No significant sex or tongue side effects were evident. Interestingly, when the annular (donut-shaped) bipolar electrode served as the anode, the threshold was higher than that of the other electrodes (5.19 µA; Ps < 0.001). This conceivably reflected lessened summation of activity among adjacent afferents and partial sampling of tongue regions with fewer taste buds. Correlations among all EGM thresholds were nominally higher for women than for men, ranging from 0.83 to 0.85 for women and 0.54 to 0.67 for men; all Ps < 0.001. This study validates the use of a bipolar electrode for assessing taste function, averting movement of current through nontaste-related tissues and making such testing safer and more practical.
Associations between new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation and long-term outcome in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Rezk Mary , Taha Amar , Nielsen Susanne J , Martinsson Andreas , Bergfeldt Lennart , Gudbjartsson Tomas , Franzén Stefan , Jeppsson Anders
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES

Data on prognostic implications of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is limited. We sought to explore associations between POAF, early initiated oral anticoagulation (OAC) and long-term outcome after SAVR and combined SAVR + coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

METHODS

This is a retrospective, population-based study including all isolated SAVR (n = 7038) and combined SAVR and CABG patients (n = 3854) without a history of preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) in Sweden 2007–2017. Individual patient data were merged from 4 nationwide registries. Inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted Cox regression models were employed separately in SAVR and SAVR + CABG patients. The median follow-up time was 4.7 years (range 0–10 years).

RESULTS

POAF occurred in 44.5% and 50.7% of SAVR and SAVR + CABG patients, respectively. In SAVR patients, POAF was associated with increased long-term risk of death [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.21 (95% confidence interval 1.06–1.37)], ischaemic stroke [aHR 1.32 (1.08–1.59)], any thromboembolism, heart failure hospitalization and recurrent AF. In SAVR + CABG, POAF was associated with death [aHR 1.31 (1.14–1.51)], recurrent AF and heart failure, but not with ischaemic stroke [aHR 1.04 (0.84–1.29)] or thromboembolism. OAC was dispensed within 30 days after discharge to 67.0% and 65.9%, respectively, of SAVR and SAVR + CABG patients with POAF. Early initiated OAC was not associated with reduced risk of death, ischaemic stroke or thromboembolism in any group of patients.

CONCLUSIONS

POAF after SAVR is associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality and morbidity. Further studies are warranted to clarify the role of OAC in SAVR patients with POAF.
Impacts of magnetic permeability on electromagnetic data collected in settings with steel-cased wells
Authors: Heagy Lindsey J , Oldenburg Douglas W
Published: March 2023

Electromagnetic methods are increasingly being applied in settings with steel infrastructure. These include applications such as monitoring of CO2 sequestration or even assessing the integrity of a wellbore. In this paper, we examine the impacts of the magnetic permeability of a steel-cased well on electromagnetic responses in grounded source experiments. We consider a vertical wellbore and simulate time and frequency domain data on 3-D cylindrical meshes. Permeability slows the decay of surface electric fields in the time domain and contributes to a phase shift in the frequency domain. We develop our understanding of how permeability alters currents within, and external to, the casing by focussing first on the time domain response and translating insights to the frequency domain. Following others, we rewrite Maxwell’s equations to separate the response into terms that describe the magnetization and induction effects. Magnetic permeability impacts the responses in two ways: (1) it enhances the inductive component of the response in the casing and (2) it creates a magnetization current on the outer wall of the casing. The interaction of these two effects results in a poloidal current system within the casing. It also generates anomalous currents external to the casing that can alter the geometry and magnitude of currents in the surrounding geological formation. This has the potential to be advantageous for enhancing responses in monitoring applications.
Joint inversion of centroid moment tensor for large earthquakes by combining teleseismicP-wave andW-phase records
Authors: Xu Beibei , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2023

Centroid moment tensor inversion involves the determinations of the moment tensor solution, which is usually done with low-frequency signals to meet the requirement of the point-source approximation, and the moment centroid, which requires high-frequency signals to improve the resolution. Traditional centroid moment tensor inversion techniques, such as the W-phase inversion, mainly use low-frequency data to estimate the magnitude and fault parameters, which limits the resolution of the moment centroid. In this study, we combine the P wave and W phase to constrain both the moment tensor and moment centroid. The rupture directivity is considered in the P-wave inversion, and the rupture velocity is resolved by inverting the P wave solely. The moment centroid is estimated by the rupture velocity from the P-wave inversion and the grid search in the W-phase inversion. The final moment tensor solution is determined based on the moment centroid by jointly inverting both P-wave and W-phase data. The resulting centroid moment tensor solution can fit a broad frequency band (0.001–0.1 Hz) of waveforms. Through synthetic inversion tests and applications to several large earthquakes, we demonstrate that the magnitudes and fault parameters from our joint inversion are more stable than the P-wave inversion, and the moment centroids, especially the centroid depths, seem more reasonable than those from the W-phase inversion.
Capturing seismic velocity changes in receiver functions with optimal transport
Authors: Bryan Jared , Frank William B , Audet Pascal
Published: March 2023

Temporal changes in seismic velocities are an important tool for tracking structural changes within the crust during transient deformation. Although many geophysical processes span the crust, including volcanic unrest and large-magnitude earthquakes, existing methods for seismic monitoring are limited to the shallow subsurface. We present an approach for deep seismic monitoring based on teleseismic receiver functions, which illuminate the crustal velocity structure from the bottom-up. Using synthetic waveform modelling, we show that receiver functions are uniformly sensitive to velocity changes throughout the crust and can locate the depth of the perturbation. We introduce a novel method based on optimal transport for measuring the non-linear time–amplitude signal variations characteristic of receiver function monitoring. We show that optimal transport enables comparison of full waveform distributions rather than relying on representative stacked waveforms. We further study a linearized version of optimal transport that renders time-warping signal variations into simple Euclidean perturbations, and use this capability to perform blind source separation in the space of waveform variations. This disentangles the effects of changes in the source–receiver path from changes in subsurface velocities. Collectively, these methods extend the reach of seismic monitoring to deep geophysical processes, and provide a tool that can be used to study heterogeneous velocity changes with different spatial extents and temporal dynamics.
First Nations music as a determinant of health in Australia and Vanuatu: political and economic determinants
Authors: Sunderland Naomi , Graham Phil , Bartleet Brydie-Leigh , Garvey Darren , Bracknell Clint , Apps Kristy , Barry Glenn , Cooper Rae , Scarfe Brigitta , Vervoort Stacey
Published: March 2023

This article reports on findings that indicate how First Nations musical activities function as cultural determinants of health. Drawing on early findings from a 3-year Australian Research Council funded project titled The Remedy Project: First Nations Music as a Determinant of Health, we detail Australian and Ni Vanuatu First Nations musicians’ reported outcomes of musical activity using a First Nations cultural determinants of health framework. The broader findings indicate that our respondents see musical activity as actively shaping all known domains of cultural health determinants, and some surrounding political and social determinants. However, this paper focusses specifically on the political and economic determinants that emerged in analysis as the most dominant subthemes. We argue that this study provides strong impetus for continued investigation and reconceptualization of the place of music in cultural health determinant models.
Active Sensing in Bees Through Antennal Movements Is Independent of Odor Molecule
Authors: Claverie Nicolas , Buvat Pierrick , Casas Jérôme
Published: March 2023

When sampling odors, many insects are moving their antennae in a complex but repeatable fashion. Previous studies with bees have tracked antennal movements in only two dimensions, with a low sampling rate and with relatively few odorants. A detailed characterization of the multimodal antennal movement patterns as function of olfactory stimuli is thus wanted. The aim of this study is to test for a relationship between the scanning movements and the properties of the odor molecule.

We tracked several key locations on the antennae of bumblebees at high frequency and in three dimensions while stimulating the insect with puffs of 11 common odorants released in a low-speed continuous flow. Water and paraffin were used as negative controls. Movement analysis was done with the neural network Deeplabcut.

Bees use a stereotypical oscillating motion of their antennae when smelling odors, similar across all bees, independently of the identity of the odors and hence their diffusivity and vapor pressure. The variability in the movement amplitude among odors is as large as between individuals. The main type of oscillation at low frequencies and large amplitude is triggered by the presence of an odor and is in line with previous work, as is the speed of movement. The second oscillation mode at higher frequencies and smaller amplitudes is constantly present. Antennae are quickly deployed when a stimulus is perceived, decorrelate their movement trajectories rapidly, and oscillate vertically with a large amplitude and laterally with a smaller one. The cone of airspace thus sampled was identified through the 3D understanding of the motion patterns.

The amplitude and speed of antennal scanning movements seem to be function of the internal state of the animal, rather than determined by the odorant. Still, bees display an active olfactory sampling strategy. First, they deploy their antennae when perceiving an odor. Second, fast vertical scanning movements further increase the odorant capture rate. Finally, lateral movements might enhance the likelihood to locate the source of odor, similarly to the lateral scanning movement of insects at odor plume boundaries.
Mitoquinone Mesylate and Mitochondrial DNA in End Organs in Humanized Mouse Model of Chronic Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Song Sihyeong , Satta Sandro , Sharma Madhav B , Hugo Cristelle , Kossyvakis Athanassios , Sen Roy Shubhendu , Kelesidis Theodoros
Published: March 2023

No treatment exists for mitochondrial dysfunction, a contributor to end-organ disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The mitochondrial antioxidant mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in preclinical mouse models of various diseases but has not been used in HIV. We used a humanized murine model of chronic HIV infection and polymerase chain reaction to show that HIV-1–infected mice treated with antiretroviral therapy and MitoQ for 90 days had higher ratios of human and murine mitochondrial to nuclear DNA in end organs compared with HIV-1–infected mice on antiretroviral therapy. We offer translational evidence of MitoQ as treatment for mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV.