bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of terpenes for emission-reduced oriented strand boards (OSB)
Authors: Widhalm Bernhard , Rieder-Gradinger Cornelia , Kuncinger Thomas , Srebotnik Ewald
Published: December 2016

A bacterial mixture of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens has recently shown the potential to completely reduce monoterpenes within pine wood particles on a laboratory scale. This bacterial combination was then applied onto pine wood strands to obtain emission-reduced oriented strand boards (OSB) produced on a technical scale. Laboratory tests with bacterial inoculated strands were carried out to optimise parameters such as aeration and incubation time. Residual terpene emissions were measured by solid-phase microextraction/ gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) analysis. Daily aeration, specific pre-cultivation, and increased inoculum size eventually resulted in a reduction of the major softwood terpenes α-pinene, β-pinene, and Δ3-carene by 60, 70, and 40%, respectively, after only 2 days of incubation. Based on these results, OSB were manufactured from strands after bacterial pre-treatment for 2 or 4 days. As expected, terpene emissions from OSB decreased with increasing incubation time. However, even after only 2 days of incubation, α-pinene and β-pinene emissions were appreciably reduced by 40 and 70%, respectively. The method developed here thus appears to be feasible for industrial application although a further reduction of pre-treatment time would be advantageous. The inoculation step will also have to be adapted for technical implementation into the OSB production process.
Characteristics and thermal decomposition kinetics of wood-SiO2composites derived by the sol-gel process
Authors: Hung Ke-Chang , Wu Jyh-Horng
Published: December 2016

Wood-SiO2composites (WSiO2Cs) were prepared by means of the sol-gel process with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) as a reagent, and the physical properties, structure and thermal decomposition kinetics of the composites has been evaluated. The dimensional stability of the WSiO2Cs was better than that of unmodified wood, especially in terms of the weight percent gain (WPG), which achieved values up to 30%. The29Si-NMR spectra show two different siloxane peaks (T2and T3), which supports the theory about the formation of MTMOS network structures. Thermal decomposition experiments were also carried out in a TG analyzer under a nitrogen atmosphere. The apparent activation energy was determined according to the iso-conversional methods of Friedman, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, modified Coats-Redfern, and Starink. The apparent activation energy between 10 and 70% conversion is 147–172, 170–291, 189–251, and 192–248 kJ mol−1for wood and WSiO2Cs with WPGs of 10, 20, and 30%, respectively. However, the reaction order between 10 and 70% conversion calculated by the Avrami theory was 0.50–0.56, 0.35–0.45, 0.33–0.44, and 0.28–0.48. These results indicate that the dimensional and thermal stability of the wood could be effectively enhanced by MTMOS treatment.
Clinical and molecular characterization of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in a Chinese population
Authors: Luk Ho Ming
Published: December 2016

Background:

The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and molecular features, genotype-phenotype correlation and the efficacy of different diagnostic criteria for predicting a positive molecular test in Chinese Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) patients.

Methods:

A retrospective tertiary-wide study was performed in Hong Kong with 27 molecularly confirmed BWS patients between January 2010 and September 2015.

Results:

It was observed that 48.1% of the BWS cases were caused by loss of methylation at differentially methylated region 2 (DMR2-LoM) of the 11p15.5 region, 11.1% by gain of methylation at differentially methylated region 1 (DMR1-GoM) of the 11p15.5 region, 33.3% by paternal uniparental disomy 11 [upd (11)pat] and 7.5% by

Conclusions:

It is the largest study of molecularly confirmed BWS in the Chinese. Their clinical and epigenetic features are comparable with other ethnic populations.
Use of translabial three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound for cervical assessment before labor induction
Authors: Esin Sertac , Yirci Bulent , Yalvac Serdar , Kandemir Omer
Published: December 2016

Objective:

To compare translabial three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound with Bishop score and transvaginal ultrasound measurements for cervical assessment before induction of labor with dinoprostone or cervical ripening balloon.

Materials and methods:

Translabial cervical volume and length, vascularization indices and transvaginal cervical length were measured. Results were compared among women who had vaginal delivery at 24 h or less and more than 24 h after the insertion of the dinoprostone vaginal insert or cervical ripening balloon and among women who had vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery for failure to go into labor or failure to progress.

Results:

There was no correlation between the time to delivery after a ripening agent was applied and translabial cervical volume, translabial cervical length, vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), vascularization flow index (VFI), transvaginal cervical length and Bishop scores. The ultrasonographic measurements were no different among women who had vaginal delivery at 24 h or less and more than 24 h and among women who had vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery for failure to go into labor or failure to progress.

Conclusion:

In this study, we failed to demonstrate the superiority of translabial 3D ultrasonography over Bishop score and transvaginal ultrasonography for predicting the success of induction of labor.
Application of cryo-electron microscopy for investigation of Bax-induced pores in apoptosis
Authors: Kuwana Tomomi
Published: December 2016

Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is a critical step in apoptosis, the molecular mechanisms of which have been a subject of intensive study. This process is important for therapeutic intervention in various diseases, such as cancer. Pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak are functionally redundant and structurally homologous. When activated at the mitochondrial outer membrane, they cause the membrane to permeabilize and release apoptogenic proteins from the intermembrane space. To unravel the molecular mechanisms of this unique and important event, we systematically reduced the experimental system. Simple outer membrane vesicles and liposomes recapitulated many features of MOMP. Although conventional transmission electron microscopy could not detect any membrane changes during MOMP in these vesicles, cryo-electron microscopy successfully revealed Bax-induced delicate pores, owing to its ability to preserve native, hydrated membrane structure. The data are consistent with the idea that Bax is unfolded and embedded in the bilayer and deforms the membrane to form a large pore. Together with the biochemical and structure data in the literature, we now have more comprehensive models of the key function of Bax. We hope that new tools, such as lipid nanodiscs, will give us an atomic-level resolution and finally solve Bax structure in the membrane, where it functions.
The first record of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) on Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847 in the Çardak Lagoon, Turkey
Authors: Acar Seçil , Ateş A. Suat
Published: December 2016

This study deals with the presence of Mytilus galloprovincialis on the Mediterranean green crab, Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847 as an epibiont. Crab samples were collected by means of single-entry fyke nets at 6 different locations selected in the Çardak Lagoon. A total of 22 specimens of M. galloprovincialis (1-9 ind. per crab) on different body parts of 4 crabs were recorded. This is the first report about the occurrence of M. galloprovincialis on C. aestuarii.
Screening of 17α-ethynylestradiol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals accumulation in Mytilus edulis trossulus (Gould, 1890) collected from the Gulf of Gdańsk
Authors: Caban Magda , Szaniawska Anna , Stepnowski Piotr
Published: December 2016

Pharmaceuticals are commonly found in water collected from wastewater treatment plants, fresh water and saline water. Their presence in water may result in constant accumulation in living organisms, and consequently a negative impact on those organisms. Abiotic samples collected from the Gulf of Gdańsk were already proven to be polluted by several classes of pharmaceuticals, but the bioaccumulation was not investigated as far. This study presents the first results on the accumulation of pharmaceuticals in Mytilus edulis trossulus (Gould 1890) mussels collected from the Gulf of Gdańsk. The content of target 6 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, diclofenac, paracetamol, naproxen, ketoprofen) and 17α-ethynylestradiol in water and tissue samples was determined. The selected pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, flurbiprofen, 17α-ethynylestradiol) were found only in the largest individuals. The in situ BAFs calculated for paracetamol and flurbiprofen were 2850 and 16154 l kg-1 (dry weight), respectively, suggesting a high potential for the bioaccumulation of these compounds. The synthetic hormone 17α-ethynylestradiol was also found in the collected mussels at the concentration of 310 ng g-1 of dry weight. Generally, the examined mussels showed poor condition and it is highly likely that the accumulated pharmaceuticals are one of the important factors contributing to this.
Corrosion Control of Cu-10Al-10Ni and Cu-10Al-10Zn Alloys in Seawater Environment by Some Ethoxylated Tolyltriazole Derivatives
Authors: Nady H. , El-Rabiei M.M. , Migahed M.A. , Fathy M.
Published: December 2016

Protection of metals from being damaged under the effect of corrosion occurs by several methods like the addition of alloying elements or inhibitors. A new family of some nonionic surfactants based on tolyltriazole derivatives (TTAs) having various ethoxyl chain lengths were prepared and their chemical structure was elucidated by using different spectroscopic techniques (FTIR and 1H-NMR). The corrosion inhibition capability of these surfactants [TTA, TTA (12) and TTA (24)] was investigated on two Cu-ternary alloy surfaces (Cu-10Al-10Ni and Cu-10Al-10Zn) in seawater by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results revealed that ethoxylated tolyltriazole compounds, TTAs, inhibited corrosion of Cu-ternary alloys in the investigated sea water environment, yielding maximum inhibition efficiencies of 92% and 91% for Cu-10Al-10Ni and Cu-10Al-10Zn, respectively. The corrosion and corrosion inhibition behavior of the Cu alloy specimens were influenced by the metal composition and microstructure. The presence of inhibitors and increase of concentration greatly decreases corrosion rate, parameters determined from polarization curves and EIS plots show that inhibitors decrease both cathodic and anodic current densities, suppressing charge transfer processes by adsorption on alloy surface. The corrosion inhibition process is based on the adsorption of the TTAs molecules on the alloy surface, and the adsorption follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The free energy of adsorption of the different tolyltriazole derivatives on the alloy surfaces was in the range of ≈−38 kJ mol−1, which reveals a strong physical adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the metallic surface. SEM/EDX studies confirmed that TTA inhibitors could protect Cu alloys by adsorption on the alloy surface.
Altered Sensory Code Drives Juvenile-to-Adult Behavioral Maturation inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hale Laura A. , Lee Eudoria S. , Pantazis Alexandros K. , Chronis Nikos , Chalasani Sreekanth H.
Published: December 2016

Adults perform better than juveniles in food-seeking tasks. Using the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansto probe the neural mechanisms underlying behavioral maturation, we found that adults and juveniles require different combinations of sensory neurons to generate age-specific food-seeking behavior. We first show that adults and juveniles differ in their response to and preference for food-associated odors, and we analyze genetic mutants to map the neuronal circuits required for those behavioral responses. We developed a novel device to trap juveniles and record their neuronal activity. Activity measurements revealed that adult and juvenile AWA sensory neurons respond to the addition of diacetyl stimulus, whereas AWB, ASK, and AWC sensory neurons encode its removal specifically in adults. Further, we show that reducing neurotransmission from the additional AWB, ASK, and AWC sensory neurons transforms odor preferences from an adult to a juvenile-like state. We also show that AWB and ASK neurons drive behavioral changes exclusively in adults, providing more evidence that age-specific circuits drive age-specific behavior. Collectively, our results show that an odor-evoked sensory code is modified during the juvenile-to-adult transition in animal development to drive age-appropriate behavior. We suggest that this altered sensory code specifically enables adults to extract additional stimulus features and generate robust behavior.
Integrative Analysis of Disease Signatures Shows Inflammation Disrupts Juvenile Experience-Dependent Cortical Plasticity
Authors: Smith Milo R. , Burman Poromendro , Sadahiro Masato , Kidd Brian A. , Dudley Joel T. , Morishita Hirofumi
Published: December 2016

Throughout childhood and adolescence, periods of heightened neuroplasticity are critical for the development of healthy brain function and behavior. Given the high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, identifying disruptors of developmental plasticity represents an essential step for developing strategies for prevention and intervention. Applying a novel computational approach that systematically assessed connections between 436 transcriptional signatures of disease and multiple signatures of neuroplasticity, we identified inflammation as a common pathological process central to a diverse set of diseases predicted to dysregulate plasticity signatures. We tested the hypothesis that inflammation disrupts developmental cortical plasticityin vivousing the mouse ocular dominance model of experience-dependent plasticity in primary visual cortex. We found that the administration of systemic lipopolysaccharide suppressed plasticity during juvenile critical period with accompanying transcriptional changes in a particular set of molecular regulators within primary visual cortex. These findings suggest that inflammation may have unrecognized adverse consequences on the postnatal developmental trajectory and indicate that treating inflammation may reduce the burden of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Mega-Regionalism in Asia and Its Implications for Europe
Authors: Plummer Michael G.
Published: December 2016

The rise of mega-regionalism in the Asia-Pacific has become a significant development for the region itself as well as the global trading system. Europe, in particular, has a great deal at stake in this process. This paper considers the economic costs of EU exclusion from Asia-Pacific economic cooperation initiatives.
Making three-dimensional echocardiography more tangible: a workflow for three-dimensional printing with echocardiographic data
Authors: Mashari Azad , Montealegre-Gallegos Mario , Knio Ziyad , Yeh Lu , Jeganathan Jelliffe , Matyal Robina , Khabbaz Kamal R. , Mahmood Feroze
Published: December 2016

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly evolving technology with several potential applications in the diagnosis and management of cardiac disease. Recently, 3D printing (i.e. rapid prototyping) derived from 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become possible. Due to the multiple steps involved and the specific equipment required for each step, it might be difficult to start implementing echocardiography-derived 3D printing in a clinical setting. In this review, we provide an overview of this process, including its logistics and organization of tools and materials, 3D TEE image acquisition strategies, data export, format conversion, segmentation, and printing. Generation of patient-specific models of cardiac anatomy from echocardiographic data is a feasible, practical application of 3D printing technology.
Exogenous thyroxine improves glucose intolerance in insulin-resistant rats
Authors: Vazquez-Anaya Guillermo , Martinez Bridget , Soñanez-Organis José G , Nakano Daisuke , Nishiyama Akira , Ortiz Rudy M
Published: December 2016

Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with glucose intolerance, calling into question the contribution of thyroid hormones (TH) on glucose regulation. TH analogues and derivatives may be effective treatment options for glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR), but their potential glucoregulatory effects during conditions of impaired metabolism are not well described. To assess the effects of thyroxine (T4) on glucose intolerance in a model of insulin resistance, an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) was performed on three groups of rats (n = 8): (1) lean, Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO), (2) obese, Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and (3) OLETF + T4 (8.0 µg/100 g BM/day × 5 weeks). T4 attenuated glucose intolerance by 15% and decreased IR index (IRI) by 34% in T4-treated OLETF compared to untreated OLETF despite a 31% decrease in muscle Glut4 mRNA expression. T4 increased the mRNA expressions of muscle monocarboxylate transporter 10 (Mct10), deiodinase type 2 (Di2), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2) by 1.8-, 2.2-, 2.7- and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared to OLETF. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin receptor were not significantly altered suggesting that the improvements in glucose intolerance and IR were independent of enhanced insulin-mediated signaling. The results suggest that T4 treatment increased the influx of T4 in skeletal muscle and, with an increase of DI2, increased the availability of the biologically active T3 to upregulate key factors such SIRT1 and UCP2 involved in cellular metabolism and glucose homeostasis.
Iniciativas de educación para a igualdade na administración local: unha análise dos plans de igualdade municipais
Authors: García Antelo Beatriz , Castro González Mª del Rosario
Published: December 2016

A igualdade plena entre mulleres e homes constitúe na actualidade un dos retos pendentes por resolver nas sociedades, aínda sen esquecer o visible avance logrado nos últimos anos na loita pola erradicación da desigualdade de xénero. Neste contexto, é innegable a necesidade de impulsar novas medidas para facer efectiva a equidade, dentro das cales a educación debe ser considerada unha ferramenta indispensable.O obxectivo deste traballo é explorar as iniciativas de educación para a igualdade contempladas nunha mostra de vinteún plans de igualdade municipais de diferentes concellos da Comunidade Autónoma de Galicia, seleccionados aleatoriamente. Para isto, procedeuse a realizar unha análise documental dos mesmos, centrada nas estratexias de coeducación e dirixidas fundamentalmente á poboación escolar. Entre as liñas de traballo prioritarias destacan a organización de obradoiros e accións formativas nos centros educativos sobre diversas temáticas vinculadas á igualdade de xénero, a proposta de iniciativas encamiñadas a implicar ás familias na coeducación, a dotación de fondos bibliográficos e o fomento da lectura en materia de igualdade.
Competencias en TIC del profesorado en Galicia: variables que inciden en las necesidades formativas.
Authors: Fernández de la Iglesia Josefa Carmen , Fernández Morante María Carmen , Cebreiro López Beatriz
Published: December 2016

La integración de las TIC en el aula requiere, entre otros factores, que el profesorado disponga de las competencias necesarias para su uso técnico, didáctico, y diseño de materiales y escenarios educativos que le permitan individualizar y flexibilizar la enseñanza. Sin embargo, estudios previos han puesto de manifiesto la existencia de carencias formativas en el profesorado para utilizar las TIC como recurso educativo. Los objetivos del presente trabajo consistieron en comprobar el grado de adquisición de habilidades relacionadas con el manejo técnico, el uso didáctico y el diseño de medios y escenarios educativos digitales en profesores de distintos niveles educativos (educación infantil y primaria, educación secundaria y formación profesional), así como comprobar si el género, la edad y/o el nivel educativo constituyen factores moduladores del nivel de competencia de los docentes. Para ello, se administró un cuestionario previamente validado a una muestra de 676 profesores de Galicia. Los resultados muestran que los profesores informaron de mayores competencias en el uso técnico que en el uso didáctico y el diseño de medios. Además, aunque edad y nivel educativo en que imparte el profesorado siguen modulando el nivel de competencias instrumentales, el principal factor que afecta al nivel de competencias es el género del profesorado, dado que las profesoras afirmaron tener menor nivel en todas las dimensiones evaluadas. Por tanto, la situación formativa del profesorado en TIC continúa presentando grandes carencias, que requieren una formación más centrada en el uso didáctico de las TIC y en el desarrollo de materiales y escenarios educativos digitales, que permitan a los docentes integrar las TIC partiendo de sus necesidades reales de aula.
La enseñanza con dos profesores en el aula como medio para el desarrollo de la capacidad investigadora del alumno/a de postgrado: aprendizaje de las aplicaciones SIG en arqueología
Authors: Zamora Merchán María Mar , Baena Preysler Javier
Published: December 2016

La "enseñanza colegiada" (Finkel y Arney, 1995, p.199 y ss; Finkel, 2008, p.227-236) es un tipo particular de docencia en equipo que consiste en la presencia simultánea de al menos dos profesores en el aula, de los que se espera establezcan entre ellos debates ante los alumnos sobre diversas cuestiones relevantes para la asignatura.En este trabajo presentamos una experiencia de innovación docente con enseñanza colegiada realizada con estudiantes de Postgrado, dentro de la asignatura “Sistemas de Información Geográfica y análisis del territorio” perteneciente al Máster Universitario en Arqueología y Patrimonio de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Durante el curso 2014/2015 hemos ampliado y sistematizado las actividades de este tipo de docencia que hasta ahora veníamos realizando al hilo de las habituales explicaciones en el aula (discusiones de los docentes sobre diferentes modos de actuar, puntos de vista diferentes sobre cómo resolver casos concretos, énfasis en según qué tipos de aplicaciones, etc.), con el fin de poder evaluar el resultado que este tipo de actividades tienen en el aprendizaje, y contribuir así al desarrollo de una metodología docente que, en nuestra opinión, contribuye especialmente a la formación de la capacidad investigadora del alumno/a y a la contrastación de posturas como parte esencial de la formación en el espíritu crítico.
El modelo de mujer formado en los colegios religiosos
Authors: Piñero Sampayo María Fernanda
Published: December 2016

A lo largo de nuestra historia reciente, la educación de la mayoría de las mujeres españolas,  por una serie de circunstancias culturales, políticas y de tradición,  estuvo en manos de la Iglesia católica. Como consecuencia, el modelo de mujer cristiana que permaneció en la cultura española hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XX, fue creado, transmitido y potenciado en gran medida por los colegios religiosos. La Iglesia católica tenía como modelo femenino a un tipo de mujer que se inspiraba en la figura tradicionalmente trasladada de la Virgen María, según el cual ésta debía ser  honesta, laboriosa y piadosa. Su estatus familiar se consideraba determinante y hasta cierto punto inmovilizador y su papel social e individual se definía no en términos personales sino en relación al hombre. Esta fue probablemente una de las causas por las que las corrientes innovadoras procedentes del resto de Europa tardaran tanto en enraizar en nuestro país.A pesar de ello, cuando los nuevos tiempos obligaron a profundizar en la educación de las mujeres, debido a las exigencias sociales derivadas de las corrientes traídas por la modernidad, estos centros de enseñanza también fueron capaces de evolucionar y de adaptarse, siempre fieles a su ideario, a las nuevas circunstancias.Su influencia e interés radica fundamentalmente en el hecho de que educaron a numerosas generaciones de mujeres, creando un prototipo que arraigó y permaneció sólidamente en la sociedad y que fue transmitido a través de generaciones, condicionando e influyendo en el pensamiento imperante.
La reproducción de microculturas patriarcales y masculinidades hegemónicas a través del Teen Pop
Authors: García Marín Jorge
Published: December 2016

A lo largo de los últimos años se han analizado distintas manifestaciones culturales modernas y postmodernas (Disney , Hollywood, el videojuego GTA, o la publicidad de las grandes marcas serían ejemplo de esto) que reproducen clásicas identidades de género vinculadas a una concepción patriarcal en nuestras avanzadas sociedades, y más en concreto al concepto de masculinidad hegemónica tal y como lo define Connell (2005).El elemento a analizar en este caso, es el grupo musical británico One Direction, a través de las letras de las canciones de sus 5 discos publicados, letras que refuerzan la masculinidad hegemónica y los estereotipos sexistas, así como diversos mitos basados en la dominación masculina como el amor romántico. Recordemos que el público mayoritario y a quien van dirigidas la mayoría de las canciones son chicas adolescentes.
MODULATION OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES AND LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM BY ALPHA MANGOSTEEN EXTRACTED FROM MANGOSTEEN (GARCINIA MANGOSTANA) FRUIT PEELS
Authors: Mishra Shruti , S. Kumar Maushmi , Cyril Stanley H. Robert , K. Anal Anil
Published: December 2016

The present work deals with the potential of Garcinia mangostana L. (Mangosteen, Clusiaceae) for modulation of digestive and plasma lipid transfer protein as an approach to discover novel inhibitors. Garcinia mangostana (in methanol, dicholromethane and hexane) extracts were screened for alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase and Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition assays. TLC, HPLC, LC-MS analysis were performed and was compared with reference standard. Alpha amylase results obtained were 39.4 µg/ml, 11.87 µg/ml and 9.048 µg/ml respectively. For CETP inhibition assay the dose response was done only for the hexane extract as others were not showing potent inhibition. Thus an IC50 of 10.89 µg/ml was obtained and the hexane extract was taken for further analysis to discover the compound responsible for the activity. Alpha mangosteen was found to be the active compound in Garcinia mangostana responsible for the potent inhibitor activity of alpha amylase and CETP enzyme in plant raw material.
Home Visiting and Use of Infant Health Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kilburn M. Rebecca , Cannon Jill S.
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Evaluations of home visiting models have shown that they can reduce children’s health care use in the first year of life. Models that exclusively use nurses as home visitors may cost more and be infeasible given nursing shortages in some locations. The goal of this study was to test whether a universal home visiting model employing a nurse–parent educator team as home visitors reduces health care use in the first year of life.

METHODS:

This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial of an intensive home visiting program delivered in homes of primary caregivers and their first-born children in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Intention-to-treat and contamination-adjusted intention-to-treat models were estimated, and 244 primary caregivers participated in the survey.

RESULTS:

In their first year of life, treatment group children were one-third less likely to visit the emergency department (control group mean, MC = 0.42, treatment group mean, MT = 0.28, P = .02) and were also 41% less likely to have visited a primary care provider ≥9 times (MC = 0.49, MT = 0.29, P < .001). We found no differences between the treatment and control groups for hospitalizations or injuries requiring medical attention. The universal program reduced infant health care use for high-risk and lower-risk families.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children in families randomly assigned to the program had less health care use in their first year, demonstrating that a universal prevention home visiting model delivered by a nurse–parent educator team can reduce infant health care use.
Francia y la islamofobia, conflicto histórico y contemporáneo
Authors: Barreto Robert , Rodríguez Julieth Alejandra
Published: December 2016

Los atentados en París de enero y noviembre de 2015, perpetrados por fundamentalistas musulmanes, reanimaron el debate racista etnocultural hacia la comunidad mahometana más grande de Europa occidental ubicada en Francia, por lo tanto, se ha planteado analizar los impactos del sentimiento islamófobo en Francia, los distintos tipos de violencia direccionados a la comunidad musulmana, y la dificultad del multiculturalismo producto de la construcción de una fuerte identidad francesa. La presencia de musulmanes y el conflicto cultural en Europa es tan antigua como la religión misma, lo que hace necesario el uso de un método analítico histórico que permita comprender cómo la construcción identitaria conlleva a la formación de sentimientos islamófobos. La islamofobia es un tipo de racismo, que en Francia parece tener sustento en la identidad, el miedo producido por los ataques fundamentalistas islámicos, y con la creencia de que el islam sigue siendo extranjero, pero la mayoría de los musulmanes franceses son ciudadanos europeos.
¿Por qué no la circunscripción de peruanos migrantes?
Authors: Castillo Kristel
Published: December 2016

Los peruanos en el exterior vienen participando 36 años en los procesos electorales del Perú. Esta comunidad tiene un potencial político y económico que no se representa en el Legislativo peruano. El actual diseño político institucional obvia que este grupo tiene un conjunto de ofertas y demandas particulares de la realidad migrante que las élites políticas desatienden. En el presente artículo se discute la representación de los peruanos en el exterior en el diseño legislativo electoral peruano y se evalúa en perspectiva comparada. Existen nueve países en el mundo, como Croacia y Ecuador, que tienen circunscripciones especiales de residentes en el exterior. El estudio explora propuestas electorales aplicadas para la creación de la circunscripción especial de peruanos en el exterior.
Alemania reunificada: ¿de potencia especial a potencia normal?
Authors: Quiroga Martha Lucía
Published: December 2016

El artículo muestra el lento y contradictorio posicionamiento de la Alemania unificada como actor en el nuevo escenario internacional y global desde la caída del Muro. Primero, a partir de su participación en los conflictos internacionales desde la reunificación y los problemas que supuso al interior de la política alemana, y segundo, de la evaluación de su accionar y sus desafíos actuales de mano de debates importantes en política exterior –poder civil versus realismo político‒ dentro y fuera de Alemania. A pesar de ser el país más fuerte en términos económicos y de su aumento en mecanismos propios de una potencia que se maneja con creciente realismo político, no es como cualquier otra potencia europea precisamente por su papel en las dos guerras mundiales, la dictadura nacionalsocialista y el Holocausto: aún hoy se debe hablar de Alemania como una potencia especial en el concierto mundial.
Uso del modelo de Rasch para la construcción de tablas de especificaciones: Propuesta metodológica aplicada a una prueba de selección universitaria
Authors: Cerdas Núñez Danny , Montero Rojas Eiliana
Published: December 2016

Mediante un enfoque cuantitativo y un análisis descriptivo de investigación, este artículo presenta una aplicación menos conocida del modelo Rasch, como herramienta técnica para la construcción y validación de tablas de especificaciones para pruebas estandarizadas. El estudio hace una propuesta para generar, empleando este modelo, y una con mayor rugosidad científica, una tabla de especificaciones en términos de procesos y contenidos para el componente de razonamiento en contextos matemáticos de la prueba de selección para ingreso a la Universidad de Costa Rica, la prueba de aptitud académica. Debe recordarse que la aproximación estándar en pruebas educativas para construir tablas de especificaciones ha partido tradicionalmente de lo que llamamos “juicio de expertos”, pero sin buenos asideros de evidencia empírica científica. El interés principal, más allá de esta aplicación particular, consiste en detallar la metodología utilizada para mostrar de qué forma se puede emplear este marco de referencia para construir y validar tablas de especificaciones de una forma científicamente más rigurosa, apoyada por la evidencia empírica provista por el modelo de Rasch, conjuntamente con el conocimiento y valoración de jueces expertos.
Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus strains isolated from healthy domestic dogs
Authors: Bertelloni Fabrizio , Salvadori Claudia , Lotti Giulia , Cerri Domenico , Ebani Valentina Virginia
Published: December 2016

Enterococci are opportunistic bacteria that cause severe infections in animals and humans, capable to acquire, express, and transfer antimicrobial resistance. Susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents was tested by the disk diffusion method in 222 Enterococcus spp. strains isolated from the fecal samples of 287 healthy domestic dogs. Vancomycin and ampicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) tests were also performed. Isolates showed resistance mainly to streptomycin (88.7%), neomycin (80.6%), and tetracycline (69.4%). Forty-two (18.9%) isolates showed an HLAR to streptomycin and 15 (6.7%) to gentamicin. Vancomycin and ampicillin MIC values showed 1 and 18 resistant strains, respectively. One hundred and thirty-six (61.2%) strains were classified as multidrug resistant and six (2.7%) strains as possibly extensively drug-resistant bacteria. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were the most prevalent antimicrobial resistant species. Companion animals, which often live in close contact with their owners and share the same environment, represent a serious source of enterococci resistant to several antibiotics; for this reason, they may be a hazard for public health by providing a conduit for the entrance of resistance genes into the community.
Introduction to Sanctuary
Authors: Leibrich Julie
Published: December 2016

This article is a personal reflection of the author’s life and spiritual journey using a number of personal stories. It addresses multiple themes including the concept of sanctuary – what kind of experiences illuminate what sanctuary is, and how we can protect our own inner sense of sanctuary. It also discusses the relationship between mystery meaning and miracle, which can lead to experiences of sanctuary. A former Mental Health Commissioner with the New Zealand Government the author was one of the keynote reflective addresses at the national Spiritual Care Australia Conference held in Melbourne in May 2016. An earlier version of this essay was presented as a paper at the conference.
Media i Kościół: środowisko życia ludzi młodych we wskazaniach Jana Pawła II sformułowanych w kontekście początków Światowych Dni Młodzieży
Authors: Misztal Wojciech
Published: December 2016

W 1985 roku w związku z XIX Światowym Dniem Środków Społecznego Przekazu papież Jan Paweł II ogłosił orędzie Środki społecznego przekazu na rzecz chrześcijańskiej promocji ludzi młodych. Nawiązuje ono do ogłoszenia przez ONZ roku 1985 Międzynarodowym Rokiem Młodzieży. Jednak, co być może jest ważniejsze, nie tylko chronologicznie dokument ten jest zbieżny z takimi papieskimi inicjatywami na rzecz ludzi młodych jak np. początki Światowych Dni Młodzieży. W kwestii rozwoju technologicznego i wzrostu znaczenia mediów od 1985 roku dokonało się bardzo dużo. Mamy tym samym do czynienia z perspektywą stwarzającą interesujące przesłanki dla wczytania się w przemyślenia, jakimi Jan Paweł II dzieli się w wyżej wymienionym orędziu, gdy chodzi o media jako element nowoczesnej cywilizacji w powiązaniu z potencjałem właściwym chrześcijaństwu i zadaniem wspierania ludzi młodych.
Zabawy młodego pokolenia kobiet
Authors: Zwoliński Andrzej
Published: December 2016

Uczestnicy wszechobecnej kultury popularnej doświadczają, według jej badaczy, dwojakiego rodzaju przyjemności: bezpośredniej, zmysłowej, ekstatycznej oraz przyjemności zdystansowanej, która ma charakter dyskursywny – dostępna dla jednostek o wysublimowanych gustach. Popularna kultura staje się obecnie sposobem na spełnienie potrzeb i pragnień jednostek. Jej wyjątkową cechą jest masowość. Elementem wspomagającym zabawowy styl życia, podejmowany przez kobiety, są różnego rodzaju używki. Współczesna kobieta jest postrzegana jako jednostka samodzielna, integralna, niemalże od początku XX wieku rozpatrywana w całkowitym oderwaniu od mężczyzny. Dąży do otrzymania praw, które dotąd były wyłącznie do jego dyspozycji. Kobiecość zyskała nowe cechy, stanowiące inną niż w poprzednich wiekach jakość. Sama siebie odkrywa jako silną, zdeterminowaną, wolną od słabości. Jej atutem jest jej siła. Staje się świadoma swych pragnień, dążeń, także wyrażając to w doborze zabawy, której się oddaje. Modele kobiecości, propagowane przez media, są schematyczne i uproszczone, nie dopuszczają indywidualnych pragnień, dążeń i przekonań.
Młodzież i rodzina w świetle obrad Powszechnego Zjazdu Katolickiego w Warszawie i obchodów 200. rocznicy kanonizacji św. Stanisława Kostki w 1926 roku
Authors: Knyspel-Kopeć Renata
Published: December 2016

Dwa święta zorganizowane w 1926 roku: Pierwszy Powszechny Zjazd Katolicki w Warszawie oraz jubileusz kanonizacji św. Stanisława Kostki poświęcono sprawom młodzieży i rodziny. Środowiska katolickie dostrzegały szereg zagrożeń dotyczących kwestii wychowywania młodych ludzi w duchu społecznej nauki Kościoła. Uroczyste obchody niniejszych świąt miały wpływać na odnowę moralną społeczeństwa polskiego.
Deklarowane zainteresowania uczniów gimnazjum ze względu na wybór dalszego kierunku kształcenia.
Authors: Jaglarz Ewa , Sikorski Jacek
Published: December 2016

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących deklarowanych zainteresowań gimnazjalistów uporządkowanych według kategorii zainteresowań, które wyłaniają się z odmiennych czynności zawodowych. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w gimnazjum integracyjnym mieszczącym się na terenie województwa małopolskiego. Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano sondaż diagnostyczny. W ramach przyjętej metody posłużono się tzw. kartą zainteresowań. Dla ogółu uczniów deklarowane wskaźniki zainteresowań technicznych i biologicznych osiągnęły wysokie wartości, co zaobserwowano szczególnie wśród chłopców. Zaobserwowano również znaczny odsetek uczniów niewykazujących gotowości do podjęcia pierwszych decyzji zawodowych. Uważamy, że takie postawy stanowią wyraźne wskazanie do pracy dla doradców zawodowych działających w obszarze trzeciego etapu edukacyjnego.
METHOD FOR OVERCOMING THE PASSION FRUIT SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY
Authors: LIRA JÚNIOR JOSÉ SEVERINO DE , BRUCKNER CLÁUDIO HORST , CARNEIRO PEDRO CRESCÊNCIO SOUZA
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT The methodology of self-pollination of passion fruit flowers at anthesis after stigma excision was proposed. This method was compared with self-pollination procedures at anthesis and at the stage of flower bud. Two genotypes (M7 and N9), propagated by cuttings were studied. Self-pollinations were performed at 1 pm, 1 pm and 5 pm or 5 pm. Fruit set (%), fruit mass (g), pulp mass (g), pulp/fruit ratio and seed number per fruit were evaluated and compared to fruits derived from M7 x N9 and N9 x M7 crosses. No fruit set was obtained from self-pollination at anthesis, which confirms the self-incompatibility of both genotypes. Self-pollination after stigma excision was the best procedure, reaching average fruit set of 73.61 % (13 hours) and 81.94 % (double self-pollination at 1 pm and 5 pm). Although two self-pollinations after stigma excision at anthesis is more efficient, performing only one self-pollination at 1 pm requires less labor. The amount of seeds produced per fruit is satisfactory to generate inbred population.
Stressors and Perceived Social Support in Women/Mothers with Depression
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Casagrande , Pizeta Fernanda Aguiar , Loureiro Sonia Regina
Published: December 2016

Abstract Given the recognition of the influence of maternal depression on the family environment, this study aimed to compare and verify the possible associations between the sociodemographic profile, stressor events and social support perceived by women/mothers with recurrent depression (G1), compared to women/mothers without psychiatric disorders (G2). The participants were 100 women with biological school-age children. The women responded to the instruments: General Questionnaire, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Adverse Events Scale, Chronic Adversity Scale and Semi-Structured Interview - Social Support. It was found that G1 presented significantly more stressor events and less perceived social support. In linear regression analysis, the depression was a significant condition for most of the stressful events, independent of the sociodemographic variables. However, schooling was the only condition that influenced the perceived social support. In mental health actions for women/mothers with depression, it is necessary to consider the coexistence of multiple stressor conditions and low perceived social support.
Avaliação das Relações Familiares por Idosos com Diferentes Condições Sociodemograficas e de Saúde
Authors: Rabelo Dóris Firmino , Neri Anita Liberalesso
Published: December 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar relações entre avaliações do funcionamento familiar feitas por idosos e suas condições sociodemograficas e de saúde. Participaram 134 idosos, submetidos a medidas de autorrelato sobre a satisfação com as relações familiares e o clima familiar, sexo, idade e configuração familiar. Os dados passaram por análise de conglomerados. Resultaram três agrupamentos para cuja diferenciação mais contribuíram as variáveis independência funcional (R2 = 0,816) e satisfação com as relações familiares (R2 = 0,642). Foram observadas relações entre independência funcional, ausência de depressão e ansiedade, satisfação com as relações familiares e avaliação positiva do clima familiar; depressão e ansiedade, insatisfação com as relações familiares e avaliação negativa do clima familiar; dependência funcional, depressão e ansiedade, satisfação com as relações familiares e avaliação negativa do clima familiar, sugerindo que dependência e distúrbios emocionais podem funcionar como condições de risco à funcionalidade familiar.
Characterization of Ceratocystis fimbriata from passion fruits
Authors: Firmino Ana Carolina , Fischer Ivan Herman , Antonio Gabriel Leonardi , Novaes Quelmo Silva De , Tozze Júnior Hugo José , Furtado Edson Luis
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT: Passion fruits (Passiflora edulis ) were found with symptoms of rot in the field, in the city of Tanhaçu, Bahia. After isolating the pathogen associated with this rot, in the present study we aimed to characterize the Ceratocystis isolate from passion fruit for better understanding this pathosystem. Molecular characterization was done based on the region ITS-5.8S rDNA. Pathogenic characterization was carried out for seedlings and fruits of passionflower. Passion fruit colonization was monitored by means of scanning electron microscopy techniques (SEM). DNA analysis of the Ceratocystis isolate from passionflower pointed out that this species belongs to Ceratocystis fimbriata . The inoculated passionflower seedlings showed injury at 30 days post-inoculation, but no inoculated plant showed wilt or died. Considering fruits, no differences were found for lesions caused by this fungus among cultivars, and lesions had average diameters of 1.0 and 2.2 cm at 7 and 11 days, respectively. The analysis using SEM indicated fungus spore germination and penetration in the fruit between 2 and 6 hours post-inoculation. At 12 and 24 hours post-inoculation, fruit colonization was noted both externally and internally, while fruit wall degradation started at 48 hours post-inoculation. At 90 hours post-inoculation, formation of new perithecia was observed inside and outside the fruit. This study complements the available information about the interaction of this fungus with passion fruit.
Avaliação do atributo integralidade na atenção à saúde da criança
Authors: Diniz Suênia Gonçalves de Medeiros , Damasceno Simone Soares , Coutinho Simone Elizabeth Duarte , Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira , Collet Neusa
Published: December 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a presença e a extensão do atributo integralidade na atenção à saúde da criança no contexto da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método Estudo avaliativo, transversal, quantitativo, com 344 familiares de crianças, realizado em Unidades de Saúde da Família de João Pessoa-PB. Os dados foram coletados por meio do PCATool Brasil – versão criança e analisados à luz da estatística descritiva e exploratória. Resultados Observou-se que o atributo integralidade não obteve escores satisfatórios nas duas dimensões avaliadas, a saber, serviços disponíveis e serviços prestados. Os baixos escores obtidos revelam que o atributo não possui a extensão esperada para um serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde e apontam para aspectos que requerem mudanças. Conclusão Registra-se a necessidade de reestruturação dos serviços, buscando articulações intersetoriais na oferta da atenção à saúde da criança e a valorização das relações entre profissionais e usuários a fim de promover uma dimensão cuidadora efetiva e integral.
Estamos todos juntos: el cierre de la Escuela Rural desde la perspectiva de los niños
Authors: Núñez Carmen Gloria , Peña Mónica , Cubillos Francisco , Solorza Héctor
Published: December 2016

Resumen El cierre sistemático de las escuelas rurales es un fenómeno que viene desarrollándose desde hace más de una década en Chile. Los resultados que se presentan se originan en el contexto de nuestra línea de investigación sobre el cierre de escuelas rurales municipales y sus consecuencias en las relaciones sociales entre las comunidades escolares y locales. En este trabajo presentamos la perspectiva particular de las niñas y niños de una escuela básica rural multigrado respecto del aviso de cierre del centro, para lo cual se desarrolló una metodología de taller con uso de herramientas gráficas, que incorpora algunos elementos del Grupo de Discusión. Los resultados muestran que las niñas y niños valoran sentirse parte de un grupo socialmente cohesionado y que esto constituye un capital social acumulado que es exclusivo de esa escuela, lo cual no es transferible a otra. Asimismo, las niñas y niños interpretan el posible cierre escolar como una medida más dentro de otras transformaciones del sector, en el cual el rol del Municipio ha sido privilegiar intereses foráneos por sobre los de los habitantes locales.
Das Vierte Reich. Houellebecq und Europas innerer Orient
Authors: Vinken Barbara
Published: December 2016

Michel Houellebecqs Romansatire Soumission entfaltet ein filigranes Palimpsest, in dem in einem kommenden, weltumgreifenden islamischen Reich nach dem Modell des augusteischen Imperiums eine Republik nach einem Bürgerkrieg in eine orientalisch konnotierte Tyrannei kollabiert. Dieses für das Jahr 2022 verkündete, kommende Reich, das ich als das Vierte Reich bezeichne, tritt damit die Nachfolge des französischen ersten und zweiten Empire, aber auch des Dritten Reiches an. Sie alle folgen demselben augusteischen Schema: Roms Geschichte vom Ende der Republik und dem Zusammenbruch in ein Imperium, das sich als Tyrannei entpuppt, ist die Matrix.