bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Wonderful Journey: The Diverse Roles of Adenosine Deaminase Action on RNA 1 (ADAR1) in Central Nervous System Diseases
Authors: Cheng Lin , Liu Ziying , Shen Chunxiao , Xiong Yinyi , Shin Sang Yol , Hwang Yong , Yang Seung‐Bum , Chen Zhiying , Zhang Xiaorong
Published: January 2025

Background

Adenosine deaminase action on RNA 1 (ADAR1) can convert the adenosine in double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into inosine in a process known as A‐to‐I RNA editing. ADAR1 regulates gene expression output by interacting with RNA and other proteins; plays important roles in development, including growth; and is linked to innate immunity, tumors, and central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

Results

In recent years, the role of ADAR1 in tumors has been widely discussed, but its role in CNS diseases has not been reviewed. It is worth noting that recent studies have shown ADAR1 has great potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to elaborate on the role of ADAR1 in CNS diseases.

Conclusions

Here, we focus on the effects and mechanisms of ADAR1 on CNS diseases such as Aicardi–AicardiGoutières syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, glioblastoma, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. We also evaluate the impact of ADAR1‐based treatment strategies on these diseases, with a particular focus on the development and treatment strategies of new technologies such as microRNAs, nanotechnology, gene editing, and stem cell therapy. We hope to provide new directions and insights for the future development of ADAR1 gene editing technology in brain science and the treatment of CNS diseases.
Reasons for Thinking About Suicide Among Individuals With First‐Episode Psychosis: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Wastler Heather M. , Manges Margaret , Thompson Elizabeth , Bornheimer Lindsay A.
Published: January 2025

Aim

This study aimed to examine patient perceived reasons for thinking about suicide among individuals with first‐episode psychosis (FEP).

Methods

Participants completed a baseline assessment followed by 28 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Baseline measures assessed lifetime suicidal ideation and reasons for thinking about suicide. EMA items assessed real‐time suicidal ideation and reasons for thinking about suicide.

Results

The average number of lifetime reasons for thinking about suicide was 11.47 ± 5.99, with the most commonly endorsed reasons being to get away or escape (81.6%), to stop bad feelings (71.1%), and to relieve feelings of aloneness, emptiness or isolation (57.9%). Only 31.6% of participants endorsed positive symptoms as a lifetime reason for thinking about suicide. EMA results were consistent with lifetime data. Participants typically endorsed multiple reasons (2.15 ± 0.71), with the desire to escape and to stop bad feelings being the most commonly endorsed items. Psychosis was endorsed as a reason for thinking about suicide during 16.3% of instances of ideation during EMA.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the multi‐faceted nature of suicide risk in psychosis. Interestingly, positive symptoms were not frequently endorsed as reasons for thinking about suicide from the patient's perspective. Further research is needed to identify when and for whom positive symptoms contribute to suicide risk. Additionally, our results identify important risk factors for further study, namely the desire to escape and/or stop bad feelings.
When patients with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease are misdiagnosed as having nonconvulsive status epilepticus
Authors: Gélisse Philippe , Crespel Arielle
Published: January 2025

Contemporary studies report nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), based on benzodiazepine (BZP)‐responsive epileptiform discharges on the electroencephalogram (EEG), with the following false syllogism: (1) intravenous (IV) administration of BZPs usually suppress ictal activity in NCSE; (2) in CJD, periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWCs) are suppressed by IV BZPs; (3) therefore, these patients have NCSE. This is a simplistic and invalid conclusion, because authors of 20th‐century science reports have clearly shown that IV BZPs, short‐acting barbiturates, and drugs with no antiseizure effects, such as chloral hydrate and IV naloxone, suppress PSWCs, but patients fall asleep with no clinical improvement. In contrast, IV methylphenidate transiently improves both the EEG and clinical states. Unlike NCSE, which is unlikely to be stopped by external stimuli, PSWCs can be transiently stopped by sensory or painful stimulation. Since the end of the 1970s, the effect of spontaneous sleep on the disappearance of PSWCs has been well documented, with a description of a cycling alternating pattern. Phase A features periodic discharges and is associated with increased arousal, whereas phase B exhibits a reduction or suppression of the PSWCs and is associated with a reduction in the arousal level and hypotonia (non‐rapid eye movement sleep). When considering the use of IV BZP administration during EEG as a diagnostic test, the sequence of disappearance of PSWCs at sleep onset and reappearance after each stimulation or sleep apnea episode is compelling evidence against NCSE, as is the observation of a pattern of stimulus‐induced wakefulness with transient improvement of the EEG. The cycling alternating pattern during sleep and reactivity to sensory or painful stimulation disappear with increasing disease severity; however, this occurs in the later stages of the disease, where there is no diagnostic doubt.
Spatiotemporal Synchrony of Climate and Fire Occurrence Across North American Forests (1750–1880)
Authors: Margolis Ellis , Wion Andreas , Abatzoglou John , Daniels Lori , Falk Donald , Guiterman Chris , Johnston James , Kipfmueller Kurt , Lafon Charles , Loehman Rachel , Lonergan Maggie , Naficy Cameron , Parisien Marc‐André , Parks Sean , Portier Jeanne , Stambaugh Michael , Whitman Ellen , Williams A. Park , Yocom Larissa
Published: January 2025

Aim

Increasing aridity has driven widespread synchronous fire occurrence in recent decades across North America. The lack of historical (pre‐1880) fire records limits our ability to understand long‐term continental fire‐climate dynamics. The goal of this study is to use tree‐ring reconstructions to determine the relationships between spatiotemporal patterns in historical climate and widespread fire occurrence in North American forests, and whether they are stable through time. This information will address a major knowledge gap required to inform projections of future fire.

Location

North American Forests.

Time Period

1750–1880 CE.

Major Taxa Studied

Trees.

Methods

We applied regionalisation methods to tree‐ring reconstructions of historical summer soil moisture and annual fire occurrence to independently identify broad‐ and fine‐scale climate and fire regions based on common inter‐annual variability. We then tested whether the regions were stable through time and for spatial correspondence between the climate and fire regions. Last, we used correlation analysis to quantify the strength of the fire‐climate associations through time.

Results

We found that broad‐scale historical patterns in climate and fire have strong spatial coherence. Although climate and fire regions vary over time, large core areas of the regions were stable. The association between climate and fire varied through time and was strongest in western North America, likely due to a combination of factors, such as the magnitude of drought frequency and severity, as well as varying use of fire by human communities.

Main Conclusions

The historical perspective gained through tree‐ring reconstructions of climate and fire patterns and their association suggests that climate‐driven synchrony of fire across large areas of the continent in recent decades is not unprecedented, will likely continue into the future, and may exhibit similar spatial patterns.
Recent advances in biomarkers for senescence: Bridging basic research to clinic
Authors: Fukumoto Takeshi , Shimosawa Tatsuo , Yakabe Mitsutaka , Yoshida Shota , Yoshida Yohko
Published: January 2025

In this review, we review the current status of biomarkers for aging and possible perspectives on anti‐aging or rejuvenation from the standpoint of biomarkers. Aging is observed in all cells and organs, and we focused on research into senescence in the skin, musculoskeletal system, immune system, and cardiovascular system. Commonly used biomarkers include SA‐βgal, cell‐cycle markers, senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and DNA‐damage‐related markers. In addition, each organ or cell has its specific markers. Generally speaking, a combination of biomarkers is required to define age‐related changes. When considering the translation of basic research, biomarkers that are highly sensitive, highly specific, with validation and reliability as well as being non‐invasive are optimal; however, currently reported markers do not fulfill the prerequisite for biomarkers. In addition, rodent models of aging do not necessarily represent human aging, and markers in rodent or cell models are not applicable in clinical settings. The prerequisite of clinically applicable biomarkers is that they provide useful information for clinical decision‐making, such as predicting disease risk, diagnosing disease, monitoring disease progression, or guiding treatment decisions. Therefore, the development of non‐invasive robust, reliable, and useful biomarkers in humans is necessary to develop anti‐aging therapy for humans. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 139–147.
How Do Cognitive Proximity and Knowledge Space Position Affect Firms' Innovation? Evidence From Micro and Small Manufacturing Firms in South Africa
Authors: Galetti Jefferson R. B. , Tregenna Fiona
Published: January 2025

Cognitive proximity between firms, and their position in relation to other firms in a knowledge space, can influence firms' innovation performance. While some studies have begun analysing this in developing countries, there is a dearth of evidence in Africa, and more generally for small and especially micro enterprises as well as for informal enterprises. To fill this gap, we utilise rich new survey data covering 711 micro and small manufacturing firms in Johannesburg, South Africa. We develop and apply a novel multidimensional measure of cognitive proximity, using information on the skills most needed in firms' activities, firms' proximity in an industrial space, and the types of external co‐operation in which they engage. We find that cognitive proximity is positively associated with innovation outcomes. Although this relationship is increasing for most of the sample, there is evidence of an inverted‐U relationship for firms located at higher percentiles, suggesting that too much proximity may lead to a cognitive lock‐in. Firms' knowledge space position is also associated with differential innovation outcomes. In extensions of the model, we find interesting differences in how both cognitive proximity and knowledge space positions are associated with the degree of innovation novelty and also vary according to whether the firm is formal or informal.
Newly Found Rat CD103− Dendritic Cells Represent a Highly Immunogenic Subpopulation of Type‐2 Conventional Dendritic Cells, Corresponding to Known Dendritic Cell Subsets in Mice and Humans
Authors: Sawanobori Yasushi , Ogawa Tadayuki , Ueta Hisashi , Kitazawa Yusuke , Tokuda Nobuko
Published: January 2025

Dendritic cells (DCs), the primary antigen‐presenting cells, have traditionally been identified by CD103 molecules in rats, whereas mouse and human DCs are identified by CD11c molecules. However, this history does not preclude the existence of CD103− DCs in rats. To explore this possibility, we examined MHCII+ cells in rat spleen and thymus, identifying a novel population of CD103−MHCII+CD45R−CD172a+ cells. These cells are negative for CD103 and B cell marker CD45R, but positive for the type‐2 conventional DC (cDC2) marker CD172a. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that they represent a subpopulation of cDC2. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis predicted enhanced immunogenic activities for this novel population compared to known rat cDC2s. Mixed leukocyte reaction assays confirmed that the rat CD103− cDC2s induce T cell proliferation more effectively than other DC subsets, suggesting enhanced immunogenic potential. In reaggregated thymic organ culture assays, both the rat CD103− and CD103+ cDC2 subsets suppressed the total number of generated thymocytes and skewed the differentiation toward CD8 single‐positive cells. Comparisons with previously published single‐cell RNA‐sequencing datasets showed that the rat CD103− cDC2 subset shares markers and GO terms of known mouse and human cDC2 subpopulations: cDC2a, cDC2b, inf‐cDC2, and moDC. In contrast, the classic rat CD103+ cDC2 subset expresses only cDC2a markers. These findings provide new insights into DC subpopulations, particularly in species other than mice and humans, where much remains to be uncovered.
Allosteric Changes Underlie the Outside‐In Transmission of Activatory Signals in the TCR
Authors: Alarcon Balbino , Schamel Wolfgang W.
Published: January 2025

Rather than being contained in a single polypeptide, and unlike receptor tyrosine kinases, the T cell receptor (TCR) divides its signaling functions among its subunits: TCRα/β bind the extracellular ligand, an antigenic peptide–MHC complex (pMHC), and the CD3 subunits (CD3γ, CD3δ, CD3ε, and CD3ζ) transmit this information to the cytoplasm. How information about the quality of pMHC binding outside is transmitted to the cytoplasm remains a matter of debate. In this review, we compile data generated using a wide variety of experimental systems indicating that TCR engagement by an appropriate pMHC triggers allosteric changes transmitted from the ligand‐binding loops in the TCRα and TCRβ subunits to the cytoplasmic tails of the CD3 subunits. We summarize how pMHC and stimulatory antibody binding to TCR ectodomains induces the exposure of a polyproline sequence in the CD3ε cytoplasmic tail for binding to the Nck adapter, the exposure of the RK motif in CD3ε for recruiting the Lck tyrosine kinase, and the induced exposure and phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in all the CD3 cytoplasmic tails. We also review the yet incipient data that help elucidate the structural basis of the Active and Resting conformations of the TCR.
Labour Market Integration of Former Clients of Czech and Polish Rehabilitation Centres: A Case Study
Authors: Zavadzki Matyáš , Vokoun Marek , Neugebauer Jan
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the determinants influencing the labour market integration of former clients of rehabilitation centres, with a focus on past clients of Europe Teen Challenge (ETC). The research aims to examine the impact of economic, social and personal factors on the likelihood of successful labour market integration and the motivation to maintain employment among former ETC rehab clients. The study utilizes a questionnaire encompassing sections on employment, demographics, work experience, societal and personal elements related to motivation theories and substance usage. The results indicate that poor relations with superiors significantly reduce the duration of job retention. Experience exhibits a beneficial impact on labour market involvement, and previous users of hallucinogens demonstrate higher job retention rates. Salary, commute to work, prior alcohol addiction, workplace discrimination due to past substance abuse and limited opportunities for education or certification also play crucial roles in labour market integration. The study emphasizes the importance of supportive work environments and tailored strategies to enhance labour market outcomes for individuals with a history of substance abuse. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complexities surrounding labour market integration for former rehab clients and offer implications for policy and practice in the field of rehabilitation and workforce integration.
Single‐Step Genome‐Wide Association Study of Factors for Evaluated and Linearly Scored Traits in Swedish Warmblood Horses
Authors: Nazari‐Ghadikolaei Anahit , Fikse W. Freddy , Viklund Åsa Gelinder , Mikko Sofia , Eriksson Susanne
Published: January 2025

Swedish Warmblood horses (SWB) are bred for show jumping and/or dressage with young horse test scores as indicator traits. This study aimed to investigate possible candidate genes and regions of importance for evaluated and linearly scored young horse test traits. A single‐step genome‐wide association study (ssGWAS) was done using the BLUPF90 suite of programs for factors scores from factor analysis of traits assessed at young horse tests together with height at withers. The ssGWAS included 20,814 SWB with factors scores for four factors for evaluated traits. A total of 6436 of these horses also had factor scores for 13 factors for linearly scored traits. Genotypes from a 670K SNP array were available for 380 of the horses in this study. All genotyped horses had factor scores for evaluated traits, and 379 also had factors scores for linearly scored traits. Significant SNPs associated with three factors related to size were located on ECA3 within or nearby a well‐known region, including the genes ligand dependent nuclear receptor corepressor like (LCORL), non‐SMC condensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG), DDB1 and CUL4 Associated Factor 16 (DCAF16), and the Family with Sequence Similarity 184 Member B (FAM184B). Significant SNPs were also detected for two factors for evaluated traits representing conformation and jumping, and four factors for linearly scored traits related to body length, neck conformation, walk and trot (hindleg position and activity), respectively. Among nearby genes, calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase type 1D (CAMK1D) for the factor for linearly scored traits related to neck conformation and GLI Family Zinc Finger 2 (GLI2) for the factor for evaluated jumping traits, were most promising. For these, top associated SNPs were detected within the genes, and the known gene functions seems to be related to the phenotypes. In conclusion, ssGWAS is beneficial to detect plausible candidate genes/regions for desired traits in warmblood horses.
Upshot of Some Bioactive Compounds on Angiogenesis in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Sen Serkan , Kasikci Murat
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, the use of monoclonal antibodies to target angiogenic signalling pathways is common, but, unfortunately, the clinical activity of these agents is limited. Thus, the development of approaches targeting multiple pathways for anti‐angiogenic effect will lead to increase the clinical benefit. For this purpose, oleuropein, hesperidin, piperine, proanthocyanidins and retinoic acid, which have previously been proven to be bioactive components, anti‐angiogenic performances were experimentally tested in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Bioactive ingredients were applied to retinal pigment epithelial cells at varying doses for 48 h, and then IC50 doses were calculated by MTT analysis. VEGFA and VEGFR1 protein levels were measured by ELISA analysis. Using the RT‐PCR technique, the mRNA expression levels of EGF, EGFR, PDGF, PDGFR‐β and HIF1A were analysed. Among all bioactive compounds, the bevacizumab group showed the best anti‐VEGF activity, followed by the proanthocyanidins and piperine groups. Piperine group showed EGF, PDGF and HIF1A expressions; proanthocyanidins, on the other hand, reduced EGFR, PDGF and HIF1A expressions. Retinoic acid showed an angiogenic effect by increasing VEGFA protein levels and EGF and PDGFR‐β expressions. Although hesperidin increased VEGFA protein levels, it decreased EGF, PDGF, PFGFR‐β and HIF1A expression levels. Among the bioactive components stated in previous studies to have anti‐angiogenic properties, only proanthocyanidins and piperin had anti‐VEGF properties. Considering that angiogenesis does not proceed only through VEGF, this study investigated and reported for the first time the effects of relevant bioactive components on angiogenesis through different mechanisms in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
LAPTM5 Confers the Resistance to Venetoclax via Promoting the Autophagosome‐Lysosome Fusion in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Bai Jing , Liu Dan , Hao Jinxia , Yan Ruyu , Guo Hongjuan , Huang Yuzhi , Yu Hongtao , Leng Hao , Zhou Kecheng , Liu Minxia
Published: January 2025

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological lymphoid malignancy marked by significant morbidity due to severe complications. Despite advances in targeted therapies, including proteasome inhibitors and the BCL‐2 inhibitor venetoclax, drug resistance frequently occurs, with the underlying mechanisms poorly understood. This study investigates the role of lysosome‐associated protein transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5) in conferring resistance to venetoclax in relapsed MM. Using comprehensive analyses of publicly available databases and experimental validation, we demonstrated that LAPTM5 is upregulated and enhances autophagy in recurrent multiple myeloma cells, which is a key process for cell homeostasis and drug resistance. Mechanistic studies reveal that LAPTM5 facilitates autophagic flux, linking it to the cellular catabolic processes essential for survival under therapeutic stress. Our findings highlight the underexplored functions of LAPTM5 in modulating autophagy and drug resistance, we demonstrate that LAPTM5 confers resistance to venetoclax by enhancing autophagy, suggesting that targeting LAPTM5 may provide new avenues for overcoming treatment challenges. This research underscores the potential function of LAPTM5 as a therapeutic target in improving outcomes in MM treatment.
Annual Research Review: Psychosis in children and adolescents: key updates from the past 2 decades on psychotic disorders, psychotic experiences, and psychosis risk
Authors: Kelleher Ian
Published: January 2025

Psychosis in children and adolescents has been studied on a spectrum from (common) psychotic experiences to (rare) early‐onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This research review looks at the state‐of‐the‐art for research across the psychosis spectrum, from evidence on psychotic experiences in community and clinical samples of children and adolescents to findings from psychosis risk syndrome research, to evidence on early‐onset psychotic disorders. The review also looks at new opportunities to capture psychosis risk in childhood and adolescence, including opportunities for early intervention, identifies important unanswered questions, and points to future directions for prevention research.
Habituation with apparatus and group testing improves assessment of fish preferences
Authors: Varracchio Chiara , Paci Francesco Pio , Bertolucci Cristiano , Bertorelle Giorgio , Lucon‐Xiccato Tyrone
Published: January 2025

Preference tests are commonly used to assess fish behavior and cognition in several research fields. This study aimed to investigate how fish perform in a preference test involving extended habituation to the apparatus, which was expected to reduce stress. We contrasted the choice between a sector of the apparatus with natural vegetation, expected to be the preferred stimulus, and a barren sector. Initially, we demonstrated that guppies' preference for the sector with vegetation increased after a 5‐day habituation period (Experiment 1). Subsequent experiments systematically modified the testing paradigm to observe effects on the preference. Experiment 2 introduced a physical separation between sectors to facilitate discrete choices, Experiment 3 tested groups of fish, and Experiment 4 used wild guppies. Only the modification in Experiment 3 impacted preference scores: guppies tested in groups showed a higher preference for the vegetation stimulus and spent less time in the central, no‐choice sector of the testing apparatus. Overall, this study supports the importance of methodological details in preference tests and highlights the benefits of extended habituation and group testing. Researchers should consider these factors when designing experiments to evaluate cognitive abilities or behavioral preferences in fish. Tailoring testing paradigms to specific research goals can improve the reliability and comparability of results, contributing to a deeper understanding of fish behavior and welfare.
Indole and Coumarin Derivatives Targeting EEF2K in Aβ Folding Reporter Cells
Authors: Chi Shun‐Tzu , Wei Pei‐Cih , Chiu Ya‐Jen , Lin Te‐Hsien , Lin Chih‐Hsin , Chen Chiung‐Mei , Yao Ching‐Fa , Lin Wenwei , Lee‐Chen Guey‐Jen , Chang Kuo‐Hsuan
Published: January 2025

Misfolding and accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) lead to neuronal loss through various mechanisms, including the downregulation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2) protein synthesis signaling. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of indole and coumarin derivatives on Aβ folding and EEF2 signaling using SH‐SY5Y cells expressing Aβ‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) folding reporter. Among the tested compounds, two indole (NC009‐1, ‐6) and two coumarin (LM‐021, ‐036) derivatives effectively reduced Aβ misfolding and associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, these compounds decreased acetylcholinesterase and caspase‐3/‐6 activities while promoting neurite outgrowth. NC009‐1 increased active phosphorylation of extracellular‐signal regulated kinase (ERK) (T202/Y204), leading to an increase in inactive eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (EEF2K) phosphorylation (S366). LM‐021 decreased the active phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) (T172) and EEF2K (S398), while LM‐036 exhibited dual effects, increasing inactive phosphorylation and decreasing active phosphorylation of EEF2K. These changes in EEF2K phosphorylation led to decreased EEF2K activity and a subsequent reduction in inactive phosphorylation of EEF2 (T56). This cascade further promoted the phosphorylation of transcription factor cAMP‐response‐element binding protein (CREB) (S133) and the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and reduced BCL‐2 associated X‐protein (BAX)/B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) ratio. Knockdown of EEF2 abolished the effects of NC009‐1, LM‐021, and LM‐036 on CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression, caspase‐3 activity, and neurite outgrowth. These findings demonstrate that NC009‐1, LM‐021, and LM‐036 exert their neuroprotective effects through modulation of EEF2K signaling, highlighting their potentials as therapeutic candidates for AD.

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Embracing New Love: Why Customers Are Loyal to Plant Extract‐Based Skin‐Care Cosmetics
Authors: Wu I‐Hsuan , Liang Chaoyun
Published: January 2025

Background

In recent years, increases in consumer awareness regarding health and the environment have enhanced their willingness to purchase plant extract‐based skin‐care products. Although the skin‐care product industry has paid increasing attention to consumer behavior in recent years, few studies have investigated customer loyalty to this type of product; in‐depth research is urgently required to fill this gap.

Aims

This study investigated Taiwanese skin‐care products derived from plant extracts by identifying the relationships between consumer prior experience, involvement, perceived value, and loyalty. It also examined how demographic characteristics influence consumer loyalty.

Patients/Methods

An online survey yielded 920 valid samples for statistical analysis. Three constructs of involvement, namely product, message, and situational involvement; three constructs of perceived value, namely functional, emotional, and social value; and three constructs of consumer loyalty, namely repurchase intention, willingness to receive information, and willingness to pay, were identified through factor analysis.

Results

The respondents' perceived value significantly influenced their loyalty toward Taiwanese plant‐extract‐based skin‐care products. The factor with the strongest effect on repurchase intention was emotional value, followed by functional value, product involvement, and social value. The factor with the strongest influence on willingness to receive information and willingness to pay was functional value, followed by product involvement, situational involvement, and emotional value.

Conclusions

Respondents with higher educational levels were less likely to repurchase and less willing to receive information on plant extract‐based skin‐care products. Moreover, men were more willing to pay price premiums for these products than were women.
Genetic Causal Association Between Skin Microbiota and Biological Aging: Evidence From a Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Li Yuan , Ma Liwen , Fan Lipan , Wu Chuyan , Luo Dan , Jiang Feng
Published: January 2025

Background

The skin microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms residing on the skin, plays a crucial role in maintaining skin health and overall homeostasis. Recent research has suggested that alterations in the composition and function of the skin microbiota may influence the aging process. However, the causal relationships between specific skin microbiota and biological aging remain unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis provides a powerful tool to explore these causal links by utilizing genetic variants as instrumental variables, thereby minimizing confounding factors and reverse causality that often complicate observational studies.

Methods

We utilized a two‐sample MR approach with population‐based cross‐sectional data from two German cohorts, KORA FF4 (n = 324) and PopGen (n = 273). In total, GWAS summary data from 1656 skin samples and datasets on accelerated biological age were analyzed to investigate the causal relationship between skin microbiota and accelerated biological aging. The primary analysis was performed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method with random effects and was further supported by MR‐Egger regression, Cochran's Q test, and a range of sensitivity analyses.

Results

The MR analysis revealed that for biological age acceleration (BioageAccel), the IVW analysis identified protective effects from certain skin microbiota, including Alphaproteobacteria_Dry (p = 0.046), Asv033_sebaceous (p = 0.043), Burkholderiales_Moist (p = 0.008), and Proteobacteria_Moist (p = 0.042). Similar protective effects were observed for Burkholderiales_Moist (p = 0.045) and Proteobacteria_Moist (p = 0.012) in the weighted median analysis. In contrast, Paracoccus_Moist (p = 0.013) and Proteobacteria_Sebaceous (p = 0.005) were associated with accelerated aging. When using PhenoAge acceleration as the outcome, the IVW analysis linked skin microbiota like Asv005_Dry (p = 0.026), ASV039_Dry (p = 0.003), Betaproteobacteria_Sebaceous (p = 0.038), and Chryseobacterium_Moist (p = 0.013) with accelerated aging. The weighted median analysis supported these findings and also identified protective effects from ASV011_Dry (p = 0.021), ASV023_Dry (p = 0.040), Bacteroidales_Dry (p = 0.022), Enhydrobacter_Moist (p = 0.038), Proteobacteria_Moist (p = 0.002), and Rothia_Moist (p = 0.038).

Conclusions

This two‐sample MR study reveals potential causal relationships between skin microbiota and aging. However, to confirm these findings, further randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are necessary.
Deepwater Sharks at Their Northern Limits—Distribution, Diet and Trophic Relations
Authors: Sólmundsson Jón , Jakobsdóttir Klara B. , Pétursdóttir Hildur
Published: January 2025

Deepwater areas and continental slope regions south and west off Iceland are characterized by a relatively high species diversity and abundance of sharks that likely play a critical ecological role within this ecosystem. The study investigates trophic ecology of the sharks employing stomach content analysis and stable isotope analysis of nitrogen and carbon. In a standardized groundfish survey in Icelandic waters spanning 28 years, sharks were exclusively caught south of the Greenland–Iceland ridge and west of the Iceland–Faroe ridge, likely due to significantly lower seawater temperatures prevailing north of the ridges. The sharks exhibited a diverse diet primarily comprising secondary, and tertiary consumers, placing them within the lower spectrum of the fourth trophic level with estimated trophic levels ranging from 4.1 to 4.5 depending on the species or method employed. Three distinct feeding categories emerged: the first characterized by a main predation on various fish species, the second involving a specialized predation on mesopelagic fish and the third strategy encompassing a significant feeding on crustaceans. Resource portioning was evident through low to medium diet overlap indices among some of the shark species. Ontogenetic changes were observed in two of the most abundant and data‐rich species, namely the black dogfish (Centroscyllium fabricii) and great lanternshark (Etmopterus princeps). As these sharks increased in size, there was a dietary shift from crustaceans to fish, reflected in higher trophic levels based on δ15N values. Given the scarcity of sharks in stomachs of demersal fish within the study area, coupled with low fishing pressure on sharks off Iceland, it is plausible that their abundance is currently regulated primarily by bottom‐up processes or environmental factors.
Telomere Length Differences Indicate Climate Change‐Induced Stress and Population Decline in a Migratory Bird
Authors: Rodriguez Marina D. , Bay Rachael A. , Ruegg Kristen C.
Published: January 2025

Genomic projections of (mal)adaptation under future climate change, known as genomic offset, faces limited application due to challenges in validating model predictions. Individuals inhabiting regions with high genomic offset are expected to experience increased levels of physiological stress as a result of climate change, but documenting such stress can be challenging in systems where experimental manipulations are not possible. One increasingly common method for documenting physiological costs associated with stress in individuals is to measure the relative length of telomeres—the repetitive regions on the caps of chromosomes that are known to shorten at faster rates in more adverse conditions. Here we combine models of genomic offsets with measures of telomere shortening in a migratory bird, the yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia), and find a strong correlation between genomic offset, telomere length and population decline. While further research is needed to fully understand these links, our results support the idea that birds in regions where climate change is happening faster are experiencing more stress and that such negative effects may help explain the observed population declines.
Modified Tinea Corporis Score (mTCS) Versus Tinea Corporis Score (TCS): A Comparative, Noninterventional Validation Study
Authors: Nihaa‐Jabeen Sajahan , Prathyusha Papishetty , Chethana Santhebachalli Gurumurthy , Ashwini Padubidri Kombettu , Ashwini Shankar Bharathi , Veeranna Shastry , Kanthraj Garehatty Rudrappa
Published: January 2025

Background

Tinea corporis (TC) is a common fungal infection affecting 20%–25% of the global population. Though diagnosing TC is straightforward, treatment has become challenging due to the use of certain medications and lack of follow‐up, leading to resistance. Andrea et al. proposed Tinea Corporis Score (TCS) to assess and provide follow‐up care for TC. However, double tracing was its limitation. We proposed modified Tinea Corporis Score (mTCS) to overcome this limitation.

Aims and Objectives

To compare mTCS with TCS and validate it.

Methodology

A comparative, noninterventional validation study was conducted over 18 months at the Department of Dermatology, JSS Hospital, JSSAHER. 140 out of the initially enrolled 182 patients were included. The Researchers 1 and 2 measured the area of involvement by mTCS and TCS, respectively, during baseline and follow‐up.

Results

There was a significant difference in the mean areas calculated (mTCS<TCS) during the baseline and first follow‐up (p value < 0.05). The total scores calculated also showed a significant difference in mean during baseline (mTCSTCS) (p value < 0.05). Both methods showed a positive correlation. However, mTCS was found to be less time‐consuming (p value < 0.05) than TCS.

Conclusion

Both mTCS and TCS had a positive correlation and were found to be equally effective. However, mTCS took significantly less time, while overcoming tracing errors by measuring direct capture of preset grid images suggesting it to be a better alternative. These findings validate mTCS over TCS for better and faster evaluation of TC for good follow‐up care and patient‐tailored treatment.
Antifungal Resistance Patterns of Microsporum canis: A 27‐Year MIC Study in Mainland China
Authors: Liang Tianwei , Chen Xiaoqing , de Hoog G. Sybren , Li Lulu , Wang Lingqi , Wan Zhe , Yu Jin , Li Ruoyu , Song Yinggai
Published: January 2025

Background

Microsporum canis, a dermatophyte commonly associated with pets, is a leading cause of severe tinea capitis. The increasing prevalence of antifungal resistance among dermatophytes poses a significant global health challenge.

Objectives

This study aims to define the updated antifungal susceptibility profile of M. canis to enhance treatment strategies for dermatophyte infections.

Methods

This study analysed 348 M. canis isolates from mainland China for their susceptibility to 11 antifungal agents, following the CLSI M38‐A3 guidelines. Additionally, we investigated the susceptibility of M. canis to antifungal agents and analysed the correlation between in vitro drug susceptibility and clinical outcomes in 54 cases of tinea capitis.

Results

The majority of strains showed low MICs to all 11 drugs. We described the upper limits of wild‐type (WT) minimal inhibitory concentrations (UL‐WT) for 10 of these agents; however, no clear resistance patterns were identified through MIC distribution analysis. Notably, fluconazole had the highest MICs among the tested classes, while the novel agent olorofim showed superior activity. Resistance was detected in two strains to griseofulvin (MIC 64 μg/mL), one to fluconazole (MIC 64 μg/mL) and two to terbinafine (MIC 16 μg/mL). Although azoles and terbinafine remain effective against M. canis. Clinical outcomes indicate that terbinafine may be less effective in treating M. canis infections.

Conclusion

Establishing a clinical breakpoint for M. canis is urgently needed to improve treatment protocols. While azoles and griseofulvin are still recommended for M. canis infections, ongoing surveillance of dermatophyte species and their susceptibility to antifungal agents is crucial to guide treatment strategies.
Natural history of sesame allergy in pediatric patients: Insight from a retrospective analysis
Authors: Kazancioglu Alp , Ocak Melike , Sahiner Umit Murat , Soyer Ozge , Sekerel Bulent Enis
Published: January 2025

Background

Sesame allergy (SA) is a growing concern because of its association with severe reactions and the limited knowledge of long‐term outcomes.

Objective

This retrospective study aimed to identify the risk factors influencing persistent SA (PSA) in children to improve management and select suitable candidates for oral immunotherapy (OIT).

Methods

We analyzed the electronic medical records of 84 children with confirmed SA, as defined by consistent clinical reactions and immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated sensitization. Patients were followed for a median (IQR) of 56.5 (46.0–82.5) months.

Results

Most participants were male (72.6%) with concurrent food allergies (71.4%). They experienced a median (IQR) of 3.0 (2.0–3.7) allergic episodes, with 46.4% experiencing at least one anaphylactic reaction. PSA was observed in 82.1% (69/84) of the patients. A larger skin prick test (SPT) wheal size at the first reaction (adjusted OR = 1.79, CI:1.05–3.04; p = .03) and allergic reaction grade≥2 (adjusted OR = 19.93, CI:1.37–289.13; p = .02) were independent risk factors for persistence. A 3‐fold increase in the likelihood of persistence was observed in patients with SPT results greater than 6.7 mm at first reaction compared with those with results less than 6.7 mm during follow‐up (HR = 3.08; CI:1.17–8.12; p = .02). Patients with sustained or increased SPT wheal size (93% remained allergic) and specific IgE (95% remained allergic) at the final visit were more likely to have PSA, whereas those with decreased levels (37% and 39% developed natural tolerance, respectively) were less likely to have resolved SA.

Conclusions

This study identified novel risk factors for PSA, including SPT wheal size at the first reaction, reaction severity, and sustained sensitization markers. These findings can inform management strategies and the selection of OIT candidates. Further long‐term studies are crucial to elucidate the natural history of SA across populations and to evaluate early interventions, such as OIT.
BIS Guided Titration of Sevoflurane in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Templeton T. Wesley , Alex Gijo , Eloy Jean D. , Stollings Lindsay , Ing Richard J. , Cheon Eric C. , Belani Kumar , Breskin Ilan , Sebel Peter S. , Taicher Brad M. ,   the BTiger Study Group
Published: January 2025

Background

In pediatric patients, the use of processed EEG monitoring may reduce the amount of anesthesia administered while maintaining adequate depth of anesthesia.

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether use of a BIS monitor to guide sevoflurane administration might reduce the average end tidal sevoflurane concentration used in children 4–18 years of age.

Methods

Participants in three age groups (4–8, 9–12, and 13–18 years) were randomized to either the BIS guided group or the control group. Use of sevoflurane as the primary maintenance anesthetic was the only requirement in both arms. In the BIS guided group, sevoflurane was titrated to achieve a target BIS value of 45–60 during the maintenance period. In the control arm, clinicians were blinded to the BIS value. Primary outcome was mean end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration during maintenance phase of anesthesia. Secondary assessments included time to discharge and the readiness and quality of recovery as assessed by the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale, the modified Aldrete Score, and the Wong–Baker FACES scale. An intention‐to‐treat analysis was used to analyze and compare groups.

Results

A total of 180 participants were randomized. Following randomization, 10 participants did not undergo any study procedures, leaving 84 participants in the BIS guided group and 86 participants in the control group. Across all age groups, the average end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration was less in the BIS guided group compared to control (4–8 years: 2.2% ± 0.3% vs. 2.4% ± 0.4%, −0.3% [−0.4%, −0.1%]; 9–12 years: 1.7% ± 0.5% vs. 2.1% ± 0.6%, −0.4% [−0.7%, −0.1%]; 13–18 years: 1.6% ± 0.4% vs. 1.9% ± 0.5%, −0.3% [−0.5%, −0.1%]). No differences in recovery outcomes between treatment groups were observed.

Conclusions

In pediatric participants, the BIS guided group reported a lower average end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration compared to control, though no significant differences in recovery profile were noted.

Clinical Implications

The Bispectral Index (BIS) is a processed EEG tool that can be used to titrate general anesthesia to achieve desired anesthetic depth. Brain monitoring with BIS resulted in lower average end‐tidal sevoflurane concentrations in children aged 4–18 years undergoing general anesthesia.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04810481
Transthoracic Echocardiography for Central Venous Catheter Tip Positioning in Children: An Observational Study Using Transesophageal Echocardiography as Reference Method
Authors: Thomsen Kristen K. , Fritz Michael , Zöllner Christian , Kessler Till , Saugel Bernd , Schulte‐Uentrop Leonie
Published: January 2025

Background

Children who need to have major surgery or are critically ill often require the insertion of a central venous catheter (CVC). To avoid serious complications, it is important to correctly position the CVC tip at the junction of the distal superior vena cava and the right atrium (cavoatrial junction). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can be used to confirm the correct position of the CVC tip. However, the accuracy of TTE for CVC tip positioning has mainly been investigated using chest X‐ray as the reference method—although chest X‐ray itself does not allow directly locating the CVC tip at the cavoatrial junction.

Aims

We aimed to determine if TTE can help exactly position the CVC tip at the cavoatrial junction during CVC insertion in children. We specifically tested the hypothesis that TTE‐guided CVC tip positioning results in a correct CVC tip position at the cavoatrial junction (confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as the reference method) in ≥ 90% of the children.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study in children aged 0–14 years scheduled for elective surgery for congenital heart disease. Our primary endpoint was the proportion of children in whom TTE guidance resulted in a correct CVC tip position at the cavoatrial junction, confirmed by TEE.

Results

150 children were analyzed. TTE‐guided CVC tip positioning resulted in a correct CVC tip position at the cavoatrial junction in 136 children (91%, 95% confidence interval: 85%–94%). The proportion of children in whom TTE guidance resulted in a correct CVC tip position at the cavoatrial junction was highest in children aged 0–3 months (96%) and lowest in children aged 13–14 years (70%).

Conclusion

TTE‐guided CVC tip positioning resulted in a correct CVC tip position at the cavoatrial junction, confirmed by TEE, in 91% of children. Clinicians should consider using TTE to position the CVC tip at the cavoatrial junction during CVC insertion in children—particularly younger children.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trial Register: DRKS00028271
Effects of Light and Laser Therapies on the Microecosystem of Sebaceous Glands in Acne Treatment
Authors: Xu Jiaoxiong , Huang Shengbo , Fu Zhengzheng , Zheng Wen , Luo Wanting , Zhuang Niangqiao , Liu Liuhong , He Renliang , Yang Fang
Published: January 2025

Background

Acne vulgaris (acne) is one of the most common skin diseases with complex pathogenesis. Numerous studies have shown that the microecosystem of sebaceous glands and Cutibacterium acnes play key roles in its pathogenesis. Antibiotics targeting C. acnes have been widely used in acne treatment, but the growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has become alarming. Further research into the microecosystem of sebaceous glands and the role of specific C. acnes phylotypes in acne pathogenesis has led to a paradigm shift in acne treatment. Currently, non‐antibiotic therapies such as light therapy and laser therapy are becoming increasingly popular, opening up new opportunities in acne management.

Methods

Studies on the microecosystem of sebaceous glands associated with acne and the effects of light and laser therapies on the microecosystem in acne treatment were retrieved from the PubMed database.

Results

Dysbiosis of the microecosystem of the pilosebaceous unit is closely related to the pathogenesis of acne. Light and laser therapies have an impact on the microecosystem of the pilosebaceous unit in acne treatment.

Conclusions

Light and laser therapies are the popular alternative options in acne treatment. The mechanisms of their effect on the microecosystem of sebaceous glands are not completely clear and require further research, especially for laser therapy.