bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kommunalwahlen in der Covid-19-Pandemie: Demokratischer Semi-Lockdown als Digitalisierungsschub?
Authors: Kersting Norbert
Published: October 2022

Representative surveys among local councilors in North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, and Lower Saxony showed the enormous effect the Covid-19 pandemic had on local politics as well as the demand for more alternative digital participatory instruments. During the local election in North Rhine-Westphalia in September 2020, in Hesse in March and in Lower Saxony in September 2021, the pandemic showed both different levels and phases of incidents. More or less strict contact restrictions, obligatory mask wearing, tests as well as vaccination were seen as a hindrance and a democratic semi-lockdown by most councilors. Before the local elections, not only council meetings and local commissions but also party registrations, party conventions to prepare for the local elections as well as most civil society meetings were restricted. Electoral campaigning with direct contacts was nearly impossible. Tue survey shows that digital tools for the city councils’ information systems as well as online platforms for citizen participation were not sufficient alternatives and revealed numerous deficits.
Aus vier mach eins? Die Kandidatenaufstellung der Linksallianz bei den französischen Parlamentswahlen 2022
Authors: Bloquet Claire , Pyschny Anastasia
Published: October 2022

Tue 2022 legislative elections in France saw a new political player: NUPES, who won about a fourth of the National Assembly seats. Tuis ad hoc alliance of the four main parties of the left-wing political spectrum (socialists, greens, communists, radical left) faced considerable hurdles in nominating candidates. When analyzing the extent to which these were overcome, a number of less well-known factors of the French political system are explained, and the possible effects the electoral alliance might have on the party system are explored. Based on the LEGIS-2022 dataset on candidates in the parliamentary elections, we can show that the party financing rules and the local anchoring of the parties had an impact on the internal balance of power within the Left Alliance. Although electoral successes were hardly predictable not only due to the lack of safe constituencies but also to resistances exercised within their own ranks in the form of counter-candidacies, all four left-leaning parties were able to form their own parliamentary group after the election. In this respect, the electoral alliance functioned as a useful vehicle for maximizing votes in a highly fragmented party system.
Beraten und begleiten auf dem letzten Weg
Authors: Tot Susanna
Published: October 2022

Um Menschen in existenziellen Fragen der Versorgungsplanung nicht alleine zu lassen, wurde das Konzept des Advance Care Planning entwickelt und gesetzlich verankert.
Letzte Hilfe
Authors: Bollig Georg
Published: October 2022

Das Angebot von »Letzte-Hilfe-Kursen« wendet sich an alle Menschen. Es qualifiziert neben Ehrenamtlichen und Angehörigen auch Mitarbeitende in ambulanten und stationären Diensten und Einrichtungen der sozialen und gesundheitlichen Versorgung. Die Kurse dienen auch der Vernetzung vor Ort.
Trauerkultur im Unternehmen
Authors: Schröck Helga
Published: October 2022

Der Tod eines hauptberuflichen oder ehrenamtlichen Mitarbeitenden, eines Gremienmitglieds oder einer nahestehenden Persönlichkeit kann eine Organisation aus dem Alltagsgeschäft reißen. Das Management ist dann gefragt.
Rückmeldungen systematisieren
Authors: Schmitz Björn
Published: October 2022

Die Gründe, warum Feedback wichtig ist, sind vielfältig: Motivation, Orientierung, Wertschätzung, Weiterentwicklung. Und durch eine zunehmende Veränderungsdynamik und Anpassungsnotwendigkeit sind Organisationen in der Sozialwirtschaft dazu aufgefordert, das Thema Feedback wieder genauer unter die Lupe zu nehmen.
Ausgangslage: Gelingender Change unwahrscheinlich
Authors: Gesmann Stefan , Tröller Xira Minou
Published: October 2022

Gelingende Kommunikation ist die wichtigste Voraussetzung für einen gelingenden Wandel in Organisationen, stellen Prof. Stefan Gesmann und Xira Minou Tröller von der Fachhochschule Münster fest. Leitungskräfte benötigten dafür einerseits ein Set von Kommunikationstechniken, andererseits aber auch die Einsicht in die Eigenlogik und begrenzte Steuerbarkeit von Organisationen. Wie gelingende Kommunikation im Change ermöglicht werden kann, skizzieren sie anhand der klassischen drei Phasen des Change Managements: »unfreezing«, »move«, »refreeze«.
Ureigene Entscheidung
Authors: Hamburger Martin
Published: October 2022

In Deutschland ist die Tötung auf Verlangen verboten; der assistierte Suizid hingegen ist jedoch möglich. Soziale Dienste und Einrichtungen müssen sich rechtzeitig und ohne Zeitdruck auf eventuelle Situationen dieser Art vorbereiten. Einbezogen werden müssen dabei neben den betroffenen Menschen selbst auch Angehörige, Freunde, Gremienverantwortliche, Leitungskräfte und Mitarbeitende. Pfarrer Dr. Martin Hamburger hat diesen Prozess in dem von ihm geleiteten Diakonischen Werk Wuppertal frühzeitig in Gang gesetzt.
Dokumentarische Längsschnitt- und Interventionsstudien in der Sportpädagogik. Zur Diskussion einer methodologischen und konzeptionellen Zugangsweise
Authors: Rief Maximilian , Amesberger Günter
Published: October 2022

In der deutschsprachigen Sportpädagogik finden sich nur vereinzelt Beiträge, die Professionalisierungsprozesse von (angehenden) Sportlehrkräften mit längsschnittlichen Designs untersuchen. Ausgehend vom methodologisch-methodischen und fachbezogenen Forschungs- und Diskussionsstand, entwirft der Beitrag entlang des eigenen Forschungsansatzes ein Bild rekonstruktiver Längsschnitt- und Interventionsstudien im Feld. Es werden methodologische und methodische Fragen sowie spezifische Potenziale solcher Forschungsansätze für die Sportpädagogik aufgezeigt und diskutiert. Im Fokus stehen hierbei die jeweilige Gegenstandskonzeption, die inhärente Kontinuitätsannahme sowie die Erkenntnisinteressen und Analyseebenen. Es werden damit Herausforderungen und Chancen dokumentarischer Längsschnitt- und Interventionsstudien thematisiert und Hinweise zum Umgang mit diesen vorgeschlagen. Des Weiteren wird die Rolle von (sportdidaktischen) Interventionen aufgegriffen. Der Beitrag knüpft damit an fachübergreifende methodologische Diskurse an, erweitert diese um Fragen einer qualitativen Interventionsforschung und exemplifiziert dies jeweils entlang der Konzeptionierung des eigenen Forschungsansatzes.
Theorien des Friedens und des Krieges
Authors: Nitz Stephan
Published: October 2022

The second volume of the ‘Bibliography of Peace Theories’ deals with a period that has received little attention in recent decades, reviewing almost three hundred authors and commenting on more than one hundred in detail. Thus, for the first time, the diversity of approaches to this subject becomes apparent. Only a few of these authors have previously been the subject of relevant literature; therefore, detailed introductions present the political and theoretical context of the discourses reviewed. Historians, political commentators, experts in international law, economists, sociologists, philosophers, theologians and authors for the peace movement are presented. Non-European texts have been included if known in European languages.
Queering Chinese Kinship
Authors: Song Lin
Published: October 2022

Offering five case studies of queer representations across a range of media genres including independent documentary, arthouse cinema, transnational musical theater, and online video entertainment, this book probes into the dynamics between queerness and kinship in contemporary Chinese cultural production. It demonstrates that the interactions between queerness and Chinese kinship not only animate transnationally influenced yet locally rooted queer cultures, but also critically shape contemporary Chinese cinematic, popular, and public culture more broadly. Contending that kinship relations must be understood as central to, rather than separate from, any articulation of queer selfhood and culture in China, the book challenges Euro-American centric queer culture’s frequent assumption of the separation of queerness from the blood family, and argues for an alternative approach of “queering Chinese kinship” to underline the vitality and complexity of queerness within Chinese kinship institutions.
Coming Out as Celebrities and Fans: Digital Self-Making, Carnivalesque Consumption, and Queer Vloggers on Bilibili
Authors: Song Lin
Published: October 2022

This chapter looks at coming out vlogs in a popular youth-oriented streaming platform Bilibili. It studies how the platform’s cultural underpinnings and technical affordances give rise to new ways of digital self-making by situating coming out vlogs at the intersection of microcelebrity practices and queer politics in China’s digital cultural landscape. Adopting a two-pronged approach focusing on both celebrity texts, or vloggers’ entrepreneurial practices of self-branding, and fan texts, or viewers’ interactions with the vlogs through bullet curtain comments, this chapter argues that while the vloggers’ self-representations appropriate kinship values to construct highly homonormative and fantasized images of homosexuality, the consumption of these images paradoxically articulate transformative queer potential.
Disorder under Heaven
Authors: Dittmer Lowell
Published: October 2022

New Asian Disorder finds its origin in an incomplete reintegration of the Asian order after the Cold War, leaving two essentially different political-economic systems in competition. While this contradiction seemed for a time to be pragmatically reconcilable, China’s disproportionate growth since the Global Financial Crisis, and the relative decline of American power, has upset the region’s tenuous balance.  We analyze this New Disorder in three dimensions.  First, identities—here the attempt to forge an economically efficient regional identity struggles against the vigorous pursuit of idealized national identities. Second, strategies—beyond the usual military calculations, East Asia has seen a reconceptualization of strategy to include the weaponization of economics, technology, even to some extent information flows.  Third, triangles—when regional integration fails, there is a tendency to turn to informal triangular constructs, with their hedged promise of both flexibility and provisional security.
US-China Strategic Rivalry
Authors: Heath Timothy R.
Published: October 2022

The literature on strategic rivalry helps identify important dynamics that raise the risk of crisis and conflict between the United States and China. From this literature, one can posit observable indicators of a deepening competition and sense of enmity that in turn elevate the risk of conflict. Unique features of our age may introduce powerful new constraints on the escalation of tensions between China and the United States. History offers no precedent of rivalries between two slow-growing, aging, affluent populations armed with the powers to annihilate one another. The net result may be the emergence of a type of inter-state rivalry that, in some ways, evokes patterns more typical of the pre-modern age than of the recent past. In particular, U.S.-China rivalry may take the form of more constrained competitions conducted primarily by elites and specialized experts in their employ, with the majority of the population largely disengaged. The rivalry may play out in the form of persistent “skirmishing” in trade, cyberspace, diplomacy, and distant geographic locales that yields minor positional changes but overall fails to overturn the basic positions of the U.S. and China. Relatively limited popular support and the extraordinarily high cost and risk of escalation may also result in a generally low risk of great power war.
One-season epidemiology of injury complaints in athletics (track and field)
Authors: Edouard P , Dandrieux P-E , Chapon J , Prince C , Charpy S , Bruneau A , Navarro L , Hollander K
Published: October 2022

Problem: Injuries in athletics are common and may lead to restrictions in athletics participation and performance. We thus aimed to describe the epidemiology (prevalence, incidence, burden, characteristics) of injuries self-reported by the athletes (“injury complaint leading to participation restriction” (ICPR)) in athletics athletes) over one athletics season. Methods: For this study, we used data from the “PREVATHLE” randomized controlled trial and only from athletes of the control group who provided 100% of the weekly responses. On a weekly basis, we collected individual information via a questionnaire on the preceding week: number of hours of training and competition, and any ICPR (circumstance, mode of onset and location). The primary outcome was ICPR. Results: Overall, full data sets were available for 100 athletes. One hundred twenty-seven ICPR were reported from 65 athletes over the season, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 65 ICPR per 100 athletes (95%CI: 55.7-74.3). The incidence rate was 8.3 ICPR per 1000h (95%CI: 6.9-9.7), the overall injury burden was 285.6 (SD=619.6) days with an ICPR per 1000h, and the time before the first ICPR was 12.4 (SD=10.4) weeks. Most acute injuries occurred at the ankle (9.4%), while most overuse injuries occurred at the lower leg (15.0%). Conclusion: This present epidemiological study describes in detail the epidemiology of ICPR in athletics athletes over one whole athletics season, representing an additional piece to better understand the extent of injury problem in athletics. Key Words: Musculoskeletal Pathologies, Prevention, Monitoring
The 3Rs principles and genetic pain disenhancement
Authors: Camenzind S , Eggel M
Published: October 2022

William Russell and Rex Burch's 3Rs principles were developed 1959 before animal ethics emerged as a scientific discipline in the 1970s and before many ground-breaking developments in modern biotechnology, such as genetic engineering. From this starting point we sought to analyse the normative foundations of the 3Rs principles in contemporary terms and concepts of animal ethics. After establishing the normative groundwork of the 3Rs, we will look at their practical implications within the context of present-day biotechnology. To this end, we shall investigate whether the genetic disenhancement of research animals to limit their ability to feel pain (GPD) complies with the original 3Rs principles. We use GPD as a practical example, since it is being discussed today as a promising way of solving one of the key moral issues raised by animal research, notably animal pain and suffering. By discussing GPD in the context of the 3Rs we aim also not only to gain insights into whether GPD is compatible with one or more of the 3Rs, but also to develop a better understanding of the specific normative foundation of the 3Rs principles and the conceptual limitations and practical implications of that foundation. We argue that reducing moral concerns about animal research to those that are intelligible within a sentientist framework (eg harm and suffering), as the 3Rs do, represents an oversimplification of the moral issues involved. We suggest that interference with abilities, instrumentalisation, flourishing, and death are all important aspects of animal ethics requiring consideration.
Play and welfare in domestic cats: Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Henning JSL , Fernandez EJ , Nielsen T , Hazel S
Published: October 2022

Play and welfare have long been linked within animal research literature, with play considered as both a potential indicator and promoter of welfare. An indicator due to observations that play is exhibited most frequently in times when an animal's fitness is not under threat and when immediate needs such as food, water and adequate space are met. And a promoter, because of observations that animals who play more also have better welfare outcomes. However, limited research has been undertaken to investigate this link, especially in companion animals. The domestic cat(Felis catus)is one of the most popular companion animals in the world, yet little is known about the impact of play behaviour on cat welfare. We review the current literature on play and welfare in cats. This includes examining the role of cat play in mitigating negative welfare outcomes, such as reducing problem behaviours, one of the leading reasons for guardian dissatisfaction and cat relinquishment to shelters. Play is also discussed as a potential tool to provide environmental enrichment and to improve cat-human relationships. Future areas for research are suggested. We find that further research is needed that uses a multi-faceted approach to assess how quantity, type and quality of play impact subsequent cat behaviour and welfare. Future research could also assess cat play needs and preferences as well as investigate the role of play in mitigating threats to cat welfare such as reducing problem behaviour and improving human-cat relationships. If play is an indicator and promoter of welfare, studies into the impact of play may offer an accessible approach for monitoring and improving domestic cat welfare.
Is pet ownership associated with values and attitudes towards animals?
Authors: Busch G , Schütz A , Hölker S , Spiller A
Published: October 2022

In Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, the number of pets and pet owners has been increasing in recent years. The experiences people have with pets might impact their relationships with animals in general and especially attitudes towards animal protection and use. However, research on the impact of pet ownership on values and attitudes towards animals is relatively scarce. We analyse associations of pet ownership with different values and attitudes towards animals. We derived seven attitude constructs towards animals from three different datasets using Principal Component Analyses. Data were collected using standardised online surveys with German residents (dataset 1 = 1,049 respondents; dataset 2 = 414 respondents; dataset 3 = 1,048 respondents). All three samples are non-probability quota samples. The seven attitudinal constructs represent values and attitudes towards animals ranging from general values and attitudes towards, eg animal protection, to more specific attitudes towards, eg eating animals. We analysed the relationship of pet ownership, sex, and age with these constructs using ANOVA. Our results show that effect sizes are small to medium. Pet ownership has the strongest association with more general values and attitudes towards animals, with pet owners being, eg more involved in animal protection and more in favour of awarding fundamental rights to animals. In contrast, we found that more specific attitudes, such as the evaluation of current pig farming systems or attitudes towards eating meat, were more related to sex than pet ownership. Our findings indicate that having pets relates to their owners’ attitudes towards animals, but that this association varies depending on the specificity of attitudes.
Research of Ethnic Tolerance in the Youth Environment
Authors: Osin Roman Viktorovich , Roganova Anastasiya Evgen'evna , Medvedeva Irina Alekseevna
Published: October 2022

The current state of psychological research of ethnic tolerance in the youth environment is considered. Despite the existence of a certain degree of elaboration of the concept of ethnic tolerance in psychological literature and periodicals, the practical implementation of the study of the level of ethnic tolerance in various social strata and public entities is insufficient. The results of empirical research provide a real picture of the state of interethnic relations in this environment and provide grounds for practical measures to resolve possible conflict situations and harmonize interaction on an interethnic basis by uniting various ethnic groups in society. The purpose of the article is to empirically determine the level of ethnic tolerance among students of higher education institutions, to determine the level of its components, to establish links between tolerance and ethnic identity of respondents, to determine the prospects for further research.   The results of an empirical study of ethnic tolerance among young people indicate that a person's tolerance to representatives of other ethnic groups is associated with awareness of belonging to their own ethnic group, that is, with a positively established ethnic identity. The vast majority of young people who have a normal level of ethnic identity, an average or high level of tolerance in general, they also have developed ethnic and social tolerance. Among the factors forming the appropriate level of ethnic tolerance, first of all, it is necessary to name the characteristics of the individual, the influence of the conditions of the social environment in which ethnic interaction is carried out, the presence of the practice of interethnic communication. A balanced State social and ethnic policy, especially in the field of education, should support and form a positive dynamic of interaction between different ethnic groups.
Design of a 360° continuously scanning circular array anttena
Authors: Wang Shen-Yun , Zhang Kang-Xu , Wang Feng , Wen Ge-Yi ,   Research Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China,   College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a 360° continuously scanning circular array antenna is presented. The circular array consists of eight Yagi-Uda monopoles, each one consisting of a driver, a reflector and four directors. When the circular array is fed identically, an azimuthal omnidirectional pattern is obtained. When the circular array is fed with an optimized distribution of excitations that is calculated by the expanded method of maximum power transmission efficiency, an azimuthal directional pattern with maximum directional gain is obtained. The measurement and simulation results indicate that the average gain of the omnidirectional pattern is about 3.78 dBi with azimuthal fluctuation of less than 2.0 dBi, and the maximum gain of the directional pattern is about 11.1 dBi with azimuthal continuously scanning fluctuation of less than 0.4 dBi and front-to-back ratio of larger than 12.5 dB. The reported circular array antenna is featured by high directional gain and 360° azimuthal beam continuous scanning, and it has potential applications in indoor communications.
Spin transport properties of BixY3–xFe5O12 thin films prepared by spin coating
Authors: Tian Ying-Yi , Wang Shuan-Hu , Luo Dian-Bing , Wei Xiang-Yang , Jin Ke-Xin ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Published: October 2022

Yttrium iron garnet (YIG), as a room temperature ferrimagnetic insulator with low damping and narrow ferromagnetic resonance linewidth, has been the research hotspot in spintronics because of its spin transport properties. Bi is one of the most common doping elements used in YIG, and some researches have proved that it can tune the magnetic properties of YIG. Previous studies of BixY3–xFe5O12 thin films focused on the evolutions of their structures, morphologies, and magnetic characteristics. Yet, the effects of Bi3+ substitution of Y3+ on spin transport in YIG thin films have not been systematically studied. The regulation of YIG spin transport by doping is expected to provide a new idea for the spintronics exploration of Pt/YIG system. In this work, we prepare a series of BixY3–xFe5O12 films with different doping ratios by spin coating. And we investigate the effects of Bi3+ on morphology, structure and spin transport properties of YIG films. The results show that Bi doping does not change the crystal structure of YIG. The absorption of the film increases and the bandgap decreases with the increase of doping ratio. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates the co-existence of Bi3+ and Bi2+. The regulation of Bi doping on spin transport is reflected in the fact that the magnon diffusion length of BixY3–xFe5O12 films is significantly smaller than that of pure YIG films. Meanwhile, we find that the obvious spin Hall magnetoresistance can still be detected in the Pt/BixY3–xFe5O12 heterostructure, and the amplitude is the largest when x = 0.3.
Analysis of vertical distribution differences of global stratospheric ozone based on weighted multiplication algebraic algorithm
Authors: Xu Zi-Qiang , Yang Tai-Ping , Qian Yuan-Yuan , Si Fu-Qi ,   Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
Published: October 2022

Global climate change and the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole have prompted people to pay attention to the changes in atmospheric ozone content. The global continuous observation of ozone is achieved by retrieving the global total column concentration from nadir satellite data. In this work, the weighted multiplication algebraic algorithm is combined with the radiative transfer model SCIATRAN, by using the 2011 Chappuis-Wulf band SCIAMACHY limb radiation data to retrieve the stratospheric ozone profile between 15- and 40 km altitude, solving the ozone global stratified observation problems. In the ozone global stratification map, the whole process of the global transmission of ozone formed in low latitude regions to high latitude regions is observed, which is directly related to the Brewer-Dobson circulation. During the most severe period of the Antarctic ozone hole from September to October, the Antarctic polar vortex has an obvious hindering effect on ozone transmission, and the polar vortex has a “transparent wall” effect. On the one hand, it is difficult to transfer ozone from the equatorial region to the Antarctic region for replenishment. On the other hand, the retention of ozone-depleting substances over the Antarctic region leads to the acceleration of ozone depletion, and the combination of low replenishment and high depletion contributes to the Antarctic ozone hole. Compared with the global total column concentration of ozone, the observation of global ozone stratification is very valuable for scientific research and will promote the detailed study of the whole process of ozone formation, transmission, and consumption.
Synthesis and luminescent properties of rare earths doped Gd2Te4O11 tellurite phosphors
Authors: Luo Jie , Zhang Zi-Qiu , Xu Jun-Hao , Qin Zhao-Ting , Zhao Yuan-Shuai , He Hong , Li Guan-Nan , Tang Jian-Feng ,   School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Published: October 2022

A series of rare earth Dy3+, Tb3+, Eu3+ singly doped Gd2Te4O11 (GTO) tellurite phosphors with intrinsic polarity are prepared by hydrothermal method. The phase structures, morphologies and thermal stabilities of these phosphors are characterized. Their luminescence properties are tested in detail. The results show that all those phosphors are crystalized into single phase of digadolinium tellurite with short rod-like shape. The maximum size in the axial direction is microns. The phosphor has good thermal stability. For the GTO:Dy3+, the fluorescence emission under UV excitation is mainly located in the yellow-green region. The optimal doping concentration corresponding to the strongest excitation and emission is 2.5%, and the CIE color coordinates are (0.39, 0.43). The fluorescence decay curve shows that the lifetime of the GTO:Dy3+ on 4F9/2 energy level decreases gradually with doping concentration of Dy3+ increasing, which may be related to the cross relaxation (CR) between Dy3+ ions. For the GTO:Eu3+, the fluorescence emission under UV excitation is mainly located in the red region and orange-red region. The emission intensity is enhanced with the doping concentration of Eu3+ increasing. When the doping concentration is 10%, the CIE color coordinates are (0.62, 0.38), which are located in the orange-red region with high color purity. The fluorescence lifetime of Eu3+ on 5D0 energy level is hardly affected by the change of Eu3+ doping concentration. For the GTO:Tb3+, with the increase of the Tb3+ concentration, the fluorescence emission under UV excitation changes from blue-violet region to yellow-green region, which can be ascribed to the influence of CR between Tb3+ ions. The fluorescence decay behavior reveals that the Tb3+ ions on 5D4 excited state may undergo energy transfer and reabsorption, which can deviate the fluorescence decay from the single exponential model. When the concentration of Tb3+ is 0.5%, the sample exhibits white light emission with the CIE color coordinates of (0.33, 0.35) and color rendering index of 86. The measurements of temperature-dependent emission spectra show that the above-mentioned phosphors have good luminescent thermal stability. The internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) of those three types of phosphors are measured, and the IQE of GTO:Eu3+ is better than those of GTO:Dy3+ and GTO:Tb3+. There is still much room for improvement in the luminescent performance of all these phosphors. These phosphors have potential to be used in UV-excited white LEDs.
Effect of substitution doping and surface adsorption of Al atoms on photocatalytic decomposition of water and oxygen from BiVO4 (010) crystal surface
Authors: Li Qiu-Hong , Ma Xiao-Xue , Pan Jing ,   College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
Published: October 2022

Using solar photoelectrochemical decomposition of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen is one of the most feasible approaches to obtaining renewable energy. Compared with hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) is very complex, there are four sluggish proton-coupled electron transfer processes. It is critical to improve OER performance. The BiVO4 (010) facet possesses low surface energy, strong visible absorption, and good activity for OER, and is considered as one of the most suitable PEC catalysts. However, its poor electron conductivity, low charge carrier mobility, and high charge recombination rates significantly limit its practical applications. To achieve highly active OER photocatalysts, we modify BiVO4 (010) facet by substitutial doping with Al atom and surface adsorption with Al atom. According to density functional theory calculations, we compare OER performances of these two modified BiVO4 (010) facets. The results show that both approaches can effectively regulate the electronic structure of BiVO4 and then tune OER activity resulting from the change of the structure. Though Al substitutional doping reduces the band gap of the (010) facet and enhances the visible light absorption, the improvement of OER performance is not significant because the doping site is inside and has little influence on the surface active site. Importantly, the surface adsorption of Al atom is considered as an efficient means to improve the OER activity on BiVO4 (010) facet due to the combined action between surface adsorbed Al and active site Bi atoms. Al adsorbed (010) facet exhibits excellent OER catalytic activity: 1) the induction of localized states and the reduction of band gap are conducive to the electronic transition, optical absorption, thus increasing the electrical conductivity; 2) there is lower hole effective mass, and thus effectively enhancing the ability to transfer from anode surface to electrolyte surface, thereby increasing the difference between the effective mass ratio of electron−hole pairs and 1 and effectively reducing the electron-hole recombination; 3) the nteraction between the active sites and oxygen-containing intermediates is reinforced in the OER process, therefore the potential determining step of OER decreases effectively. This work provides an important reference for designing efficient and stable two-dimensional semiconductor-based photocatalysts for OER. We believe that it will arouse great interest of the BiVO4 community and motivate numerous experimental researches.
Anomalous Hall effect in Pt/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 heterojunctions
Authors: Hu Shi-Lin , Liu Jun-Hua , Deng Zhi-Xiong , Xiao Wen , Yang Zhan , Chen Kai , Liao Zhao-Liang ,   National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China,   School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Published: October 2022

Many emergent and novel phenomena occur in nonmagnetic/ferromagnet heterostructures. In particular, Pt/ferromagnet heterostructures where the Pt has strong spin-orbit coupling and thus can convert spin current into charge current, has attracted a great attention recently. The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) has been found in many Pt/ferromagnet heterostructures. However, the underlying physics remains elusive, so it is necessary to find more heterostructures in order to provide more experimental data. In this work, we investigate anomalous Hall resistances (AHRs) in Pt thin films sputtered on epitaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) ferromagnetic films. High-quality Pt/LSMO heterojunctions are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition and RF-magnetron sputtering. The physical properties of LSMO films are characterized by the measurements of magnetic and transport properties. The AHR mainly contributed by Pt in the Pt/LSMO heterojunction increases sharply with temperature decreasing and changes its sign below 40 K. Furthermore, the AHR decreases sharply with the increase of Pt thickness. Those facts suggest that the ferromagnetism of Pt originates from interface due to magnetic proximity effect. Interestingly, this heterojunction can exhibit possible signal of topological Hall effect under low applied magnetic field. The above results provide an experimental basis for further understanding the interactions between electron spin and charge transport in nonmagnetic/ferromagnetic heterostructures.
Excitatory and inhibitory D-serine binding to the NMDA receptor
Authors: Yovanno Remy A , Chou Tsung Han , Brantley Sarah J , Furukawa Hiro , Lau Albert Y
Published: October 2022

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) uniquely require binding of two different neurotransmitter agonists for synaptic transmission. D-serine and glycine bind to one subunit, GluN1, while glutamate binds to the other, GluN2. These agonists bind to the receptor’s bi-lobed ligand-binding domains (LBDs), which close around the agonist during receptor activation. To better understand the unexplored mechanisms by which D-serine contributes to receptor activation, we performed multi-microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of the GluN1/GluN2A LBD dimer with free D-serine and glutamate agonists. Surprisingly, we observed D-serine binding to both GluN1 and GluN2A LBDs, suggesting that D-serine competes with glutamate for binding to GluN2A. This mechanism is confirmed by our electrophysiology experiments, which show that D-serine is indeed inhibitory at high concentrations. Although free energy calculations indicate that D-serine stabilizes the closed GluN2A LBD, its inhibitory behavior suggests that it either does not remain bound long enough or does not generate sufficient force for ion channel gating. We developed a workflow using pathway similarity analysis to identify groups of residues working together to promote binding. These conformation-dependent pathways were not significantly impacted by the presence of N-linked glycans, which act primarily by interacting with the LBD bottom lobe to stabilize the closed LBD.
Visual and motor signatures of locomotion dynamically shape a population code for feature detection in Drosophila
Authors: Turner Maxwell H , Krieger Avery , Pang Michelle M , Clandinin Thomas R
Published: October 2022

Natural vision is dynamic: as an animal moves, its visual input changes dramatically. How can the visual system reliably extract local features from an input dominated by self-generated signals? In Drosophila, diverse local visual features are represented by a group of projection neurons with distinct tuning properties. Here, we describe a connectome-based volumetric imaging strategy to measure visually evoked neural activity across this population. We show that local visual features are jointly represented across the population, and a shared gain factor improves trial-to-trial coding fidelity. A subset of these neurons, tuned to small objects, is modulated by two independent signals associated with self-movement, a motor-related signal, and a visual motion signal associated with rotation of the animal. These two inputs adjust the sensitivity of these feature detectors across the locomotor cycle, selectively reducing their gain during saccades and restoring it during intersaccadic intervals. This work reveals a strategy for reliable feature detection during locomotion.
Exploring the effect of Jasmonic Acid for Aphids control for improving the yield of Triticum aestivum varieties
Authors: Aslam Huma , Mushtaq Sajida , Maalik Sadia , Bano Naheed , Eed Emad M. , Bibi Amir , Tahir Ayesha , Ijaz Iram , Tanwir Samina , Khalifa Amany S.
Published: October 2022

Many biotic and abiotic factors influence the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Among biological agents, aphids are destructive pests effecting wheat yield drastically. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of foliar Jasmonic acid spray on aphid population as well as on plant growth during aphid infestation in two wheat varieties i.e., Borlaug-2015 and Zincol-2015. Plants are cultivated in pots and treated with jasmonic acid at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM (JA). The results revealed that length of shoot and roots decreased after aphid stress and was improved (21–24%) by JA spray. Photosynthetic pigments increased after applying the jasmonic acid spray compared to control plants. Jasmonic acid spray helped the plants to recover from aphid stress by enhanced production of antioxidant enzymes CAT (Catalase) (65–71%), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) (71–74%) and POD (Peroxidase) (61–65%). Consequent to improved defence system, plants treated with JA had fewer aphids as compared to control (60–73% reduction), 24 h after spray. The higher concentration of JA (1 mM) proved more effective as compared to 0.1 mM jasmonic acid. Moreover, Zincol-2015 appeared tolerant as compared to Borlaug-2015 against aphid infestation. The application of jasmonic acid as an exogenous foliar application showed an overall positive impact on the physiological and biochemical attributes of both varieties. It helps the plants to enhance resistance against the biotic stress and can be adopted as future alternative for aphid management. However, detailed studies regarding understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms are needed to optimize the mode for field application.
Retrospective study of intrapartum fever in term pregnancies and adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes
Authors: An Hongmin , Zheng Wei , Zhu Qinghua , Wen Haiyan
Published: October 2022

Background

Intrapartum fever is a well-known predisposing factor for severe perinatal outcomes. Herein, we explored the intrapartum features, obstetric outcomes, and neonatal outcomes in relation to the extent of intrapartum fever via three group analyses.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis consisting of 575 term, singleton live births in one medical center from January 1st to December 31st, 2020 was carried out. Parturients who had experienced a maximal intrapartum fever of <38.0 °C were compared with two sub-groups of parturients who had experienced respective maximal fevers of 38.0–38.9 °C and ≥39.0 °C. We computed the adjusted risks for adverse perinatal outcomes via multiple logistic regression models to control for confounders.

Results

There were statistically remarkable differences among the three groups in 13 items including body mass index, epidural, and WBC before delivery (p < 0.05). In contrast with intrapartum fevers of 37.5–37.9 °C, intrapartum fevers of 38.0–38.9 °C were linked to an elevated risk of neonatal sepsis and neonatal intensive care unit admission with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.28 (95% CI 2.162–8.479) and 1.73 (95% CI 1.125–2.666), nonetheless, the relationship was remarkably higher for intrapartum fever ≥39.0 °C, with an OR of 6.40 (95% CI 2.450–16.725) and 2.23 (95% CI 1.021–4.854). Additionally, intrapartum fevers of 38.0-38.9 °C and ≥39.0 °C were related to remarkably higher risk for operative deliveries (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.373–3.648; OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.398–9.226; respectively) and histological chorioamnionitis (OR 3.77, 95% CI 2.261-6.271; OR 19.24, 95% CI 7.385–50.111, respectively).

Conclusions

Intrapartum fever is an important indicator of adverse perinatal outcomes. The higher the temperature, the higher risk of histological chorioamnionitis, as well as the risk of neonatal sepsis and neonatal intensive care unit admission.
Distressed (Type D) personality is predicted by avoidance: evidence from a computer-based avatar task
Authors: Allen M. Todd , Shields Michelle M. , Myers Catherine E.
Published: October 2022

Background

One personality type associated with poor health outcomes is distressed (Type D) personality which involves high levels of both social inhibition (SI) and negative affectivity (NA). Type D is also linked to psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders, and depression. One mechanism through which personality temperament may result in these psychopathologies is avoidance. Recently, a computer-based measure designed to assess avoidant behaviors, in which the participant guides the behavior of an avatar interacting with strangers in social situations, has been found to be related to various forms of avoidance. In the current study, we extended this work with the avatar avoidance task to determine its relationship to distressed (Type D) personality. We hypothesized that Type D personality, along with SI, but not NA, would be positively related to avatar avoidance scores. We also hypothesized that avatar avoidance scores would be higher in Type D individuals than non-Type D individuals.

Methods

A total of 302 undergraduates completed the Distressed Type D Personality Scale (DS-14), and a computer-based avatar avoidance task.

Results

Type D and SI, and NA to a lesser degree, were positively correlated with avoidance scores on the avatar task. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed that Type D and SI scores were best predicted by a model including avoidance scores and education level while NA scores were best predicted by a model including avoidance scores. Standard cut-off scores on the DS-14 scale resulted in four groups (i.e., low SI and NA, high SI, high NA, and Type D) which significantly differed in avoidance scores. Specifically, Type D individuals had higher avoidance scores than the other three groups. Taken together these findings support a role for avoidance in Type D personality. The computer-based avatar avoidance task may be particularly relevant as an ecologically valid measure to identify avoidance in a virtual setting for use with individuals expressing Type D personality who may be unwilling or unable to accurately self-report or describe their own avoidant tendencies.
Capitalist Consumption Culture Production Integrated Society Against Social Exclusion
Authors: YILMAZÇOBAN A.Muhsin
Published: October 2022

Olay ve olguların tahlili Kapitalist tüketim kültürünün toplumsal yapıya etkileriyle ortaya çıkan sonuçlarına odaklanmak yerine Batı toplumlarından kaynaklı Kapitalizmin hangi sebeplerle bu olumsuz sonuçları ortaya çıkardığına odaklanarak
yapılmalıdır. Böylece batı ve kapitalizmin zihniyet dünyasından başlayarak tutum ve davranışlara kadar gerçekleşen bütün olay ve olguların sebeplerinin bulunarak bunların değiştirilmesiyle olumsuz sonuçların arkasındaki nedenler
bulunacaktır. Bunların yerine Doğu İslam toplumuna üye olan Türk toplum yapısının olumlu özellikleri teorik olarak kurgulanmaya başlanacak ve uygulanabilir çözümlere kavuşarak, olumlu toplumsal değişmenin kendi kültür ve medeniyete
bağlı kendiliğindenliğiyle değişme dinamiklerine dönüşmeye başlayacaktır. Bütün olay ve olgular olumsuz sonuçlar çıkartan sebeplerin Türk toplum kültür ve medeniyetinin özellikleriyle ele alınarak asıl yapısına dönmelidir. Böylelikle
sebeplerin doğru analizine ulaşılarak, olumsuz sonuçlara ulaşılması önemli oranda azalmış olacaktır. Sosyal dışlanma çok farklı şekillerde, çeşitli yönleri ölçü alınarak, farklı tanımlarla açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Kavram yoksulluk
unsuru ile daha çok da ekonomik alanla ilgili olarak ele alınmaktadır. Siyasi ve toplumsal alanlarda farklı şekillerde Sosyoloji, Sosyal Politikalar ve Sosyal Hizmet disiplinlerine kadar tartışılmaktadır. Çok boyutlu, göreceli
şekilde yoksunluk, yoksulluk, ayrımcılık, ötekileştirme, eşitsizlik, dezavantajlılık gibi ekonomik ve siyasi kavramlarla ilişkili olarak karmaşık ve bazen de sınırları belirsiz açıklamalarla açıklanır. Sosyal dışlanma; kişisel,
grup, topluluk ve toplumsal bakımdan sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik alanlarda bağlılık ve bağlanma içerisinde olmamak, kabul edilmemek, güvencesizlik, sigortasızlık, ötekileştirilme, fakirleşme, yetersiz ücretlendirme, selam verilmemesi,
itibarsızlık, komşuluktan ve ilişkilerden dışlanma vb. birçok sorunu bir arada veya tek tek tecrübe edilen dinamik yaşantılar sürecidir. Çalışmada sosyal dışlanma dinamiği nedensellik analizi ile Kapitalizmin sonuçları değil sebepleri
bakımından ele alınmıştır. Batı toplumlarında yapısal sosyal dışlanmanın zihniyet kökenleri incelenmiştir. Bu olumsuz kapitalist sonuçların toplum yapımızda yol açtığı zihniyete ve uygulamalarımıza tesir eden yönleri ele alınmıştır.
Sonuç olarak konuya özgün bir çözüm sunmak hedefiyle Türk toplumunda iyilik hali ve bütünleşmiş toplum yapısı tahlil edilerek, bu yönde kadim kültür ve medeniyete uygun sağlıklı toplum yapısına yeniden dönebilmenin şartları ortaya
konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Adaptive Reuse Suggestion As a Conservation Method: Cungus Surp Garabed Monastery
Authors: KAKDAŞ ATEŞ Dilan , KAYAN Hale Demir
Published: October 2022

Tarihi yapılar bulundukları bölgeye kimlik kazandırırlar. Bulunduğu zaman diliminde ihtiyaç duyulduğu için inşa edilen yapılar, sonraki dönemlerde işlevini yitirebilmekte, varlığını sürdürebilmek için başka bir fonksiyon yüklenmek/değişmek/dönüşmek
durumunda kalabilmektedir. Diyarbakır’ın Çüngüş ilçesinde geçmiş dönemlerde yoğun bir Ermeni nüfusun yaşadığı bilinmektedir. İlçede bulunan dinî yapılar da bu bilgiyi desteklemektedir. Fakat Çüngüş ilçesi günümüzde sahip olduğu
Ermeni nüfusunu önemli ölçüde kaybetmiştir. Bu durum Surp Garabed Manastırı’na ait kilise yapısının da işlevini yitirmesine sebep olmuştur. Surp Garabed Manastırı’na ait kilise yapısının rölöve, restitüsyon ve restorasyon çizimleri
hazırlatılmış, yapının restorasyon uygulamasına geçilmemiştir. Ele alınan bu çalışmada ise Surp Garabed Manastır Kilisesi’nin varlığını uzun yıllar devam ettirebilmesi için yapıya yeni işlev verilmesi önerilmektedir. Çalışmanın
amacı; işlevini yitirmiş, günümüzde harabe durumda olan anıtsal bir yapıya yeni işlev önerisi getirilerek korunmasını sağlamaktır. Bu sayede bölgenin turizm potansiyelinin de artması beklenmektedir. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında; Surp
Garabed Manastır Kilisesi’nin bulunduğu bölge incelenmiş, tarihi yapılara yeni işlev verilmesi konusunda ulusal ve uluslararası literatür taranmıştır. İkinci aşamasında ise dijital çizimleri üzerinde düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Son
olarak yapının üç boyutlu iç mekân modellemesi ile görselleri hazırlanarak, yeni işlev verilmesinden sonra yapının alacağı son biçim gösterilmiştir. Ülkemizde yeni işlev verilerek, kullanılmaya başlanılan çok sayıda kültür varlığı
gibi Surp Garabed Manastır Kilisesi’nin de koruma altına alınacağı düşünülmektedir.