bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between COVID-19 and Hypertension
Authors: Asgharzadeh Mohammad , Kazemi Abdolhassan , Mahdavipoor Behroz , Asgharzadeh Vahid , Taghinejad Zahra , Mirmazhary Amirali , Samadikafil Amirhossein , Valiollahzadeh MirReza , Rashedi Jalil , Pashazadeh Fariba , Abolhasanpour Nasrin
Published: April 2024

Chinese authorities reported the first human-to-animal SARS-CoV-2 transmission in late 2019. The virus then quickly spread from person to person throughout the world and increased the mortality rate of those with underlying illnesses, particularly hypertension. After attaching the virus to a special receptor, that is, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), ACE2 degrades angiotensin 2 (Ang2). Ang2 as a modulator of blood pressure and a vasoconstrictor plays an adverse regulatory role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Additionally, it changes Ang2 into Ang1-7, which functions as an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory factor. Infection with SARSCoV-2 lowers ACE2 levels in hypertensive patients because the virus binds to the blood vessel, preventing Ang II degradation. As a result, complications related to hypertension increase, and the pumping of blood from the lungs to the left atrium decreases. Additionally, there is a decrease in the final product, Ang1-7, and the concomitant anti-inflammatory action is lost. The virus grows, multiplies, damages lung cells, causing inflammation in immune cells and cytokines and expanding lung tissue. This ultimately leads to lung injury, a decline in the oxygen supply, and death. The management of hypertensive patients can prevent infection in this population and reduce mortality with proper oxygen therapy and probably exogenous ACE2 supplementation.
Therapeutic effect of aqueous extract from Ampelocissus africana (Lour) Merr rhizomes on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats
Authors: Belem-Kabré Wendkouni Leila Marie Esther , Da Ollo , Sombié Ernest Nogma , Boly Raïnatou , Ouédraogo Geoffroy Gueswindé , Ouédraogo Windingoudi Rimwagna Christian , Yabré Zakaline , Koussé Jean Noel Dado , Belemnaba Lazare , Lamien-Sanou Assita , Ouédraogo Noufou
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Ampelocissus africana is a medicinal plant used to treat several diseases, including those affecting the prostate. This study investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of rhizomes from Ampelocissus africana (AAA) on a testosterone propionate (TP)-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) model. Methods: The effect of the extract at 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg on BPH in male rats was assessed using daily subcutaneous injections of 3 mg/kg TP for four consecutive weeks. After the induction schedule, physical parameters, prostate index (PI), serum biochemical parameters, homogenate antioxidant, enzyme parameters, and prostates histopathological studies were carried out. Triterpenes and sterols were also assessed. Results: Treatment with AAA reduced the PI level in a dose-dependent manner (up to 75.91% at the dose of 300 mg/kg). The inflammatory marker measured in the present study, namely C-reactive protein, increased significantly in the BPH group and improved with the treatments. In addition, AAA reduced oxidative stress by decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increasing the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in comparison to the positive control group. A histopathological examination corroborated the result of the analysis of the physical and biochemical parameters. The study also showed interesting levels of triterpenes (119.5 ± 4.5 mg UAE/g) and sterols (104.6 ± 3.06 mg CE/g). Conclusion: These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Ampelocissus africana could be used as a natural herbal therapy to treat BPH.
Combretum aculeatum Vent (Combretaceae) hydroethanolic root bark extract attenuates D-galactoseinduced cognitive impairment, oxidative, and hippocampi dysfunction in mice
Authors: Beppe Galba Jean , Barga Bertrand Mpoo , Abaissou Ngatanko Hervé Hervé , Folefack Alice Irène , Allah-doum Nanou Gaël , Nguedia Merline , Dongmo Alain Bertrand , Dimo Théophile
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Combretum aculeatum is a plant of Combretaceae family. In traditional medicine, it is used to treat schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to assess the possible impacts of hydroethanolic extract of C. aculeatum root bark on D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced amnesia in mice. Methods: Memory was tested using Y-maze test, radial arms maze (RAM), and new item appreciation. Mice brains were collected for histological and biochemical testing. Results: Combretum aculeatum substantially (P < 0.001) improved the ratio of spontaneous alternation versus negative control. In addition, discrimination index, and the time required to appreciate the new item were reversed considerably (P < 0.001) in mice receiving the extract opposed to the negative control fraction in the novel object appreciation test. The frequency of working memory mistakes was reversed in receiving extract categories versus negative control animals in RAM essay. Various doses of the extract substantially (P < 0.001) diminished the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and crucially enlarged superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity as opposed to the negative control. Furthermore, all doses of the extract had a restructuring effect on the organization of hippocampal cells. Conclusion: Combretum aculeatum improved cognitive impairment possibly thought its antioxidant activity.
Antioxidant capacities, antidiabetic potentials, and mineral compositions of pap aqua and aqueous extracts from Ocimum gratissimum L.
Authors: Agunbiade Oludare Shadrach , Afolabi Olakunle Bamikole , Jaiyesimi Kikelomo Folake , Adewale Olusola Bolaji , Okoh Patrick Osemeyekeh , Adewole Ezekiel , Mabayoje Samson Olatunde , Agboola Esther Kemi
Published: April 2024

Introduction: This study appraised the antioxidant potentials, mineral compositions, and antidiabetic activities of pap water (aqua) extract (PWE) and aqueous extract (AE) from Ocimum gratissimum. Methods: The total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant powers (FRAP), Fe2+-chelating abilities, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging abilities, and enzymes inhibition potentials of the PWE and AE from O. gratissimum were evaluated. Additionally, mineral contents were determined using absorptive absorbance spectroscopy (AAS). Results: The PWE of O. gratissimum exhibited higher TPC of 42.61± 0.04 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dried sample (GAE/g) and TFC of 85.7 ± 0.02 µg quercetin equivalent per gram of dried sample (QE/g). In contrast, AE had lower TPC (21.52 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g) and TFC (55.0 ± 0.01 µg QE/g). PWE also displayed a lower FRAP of 2.86 ± 0.01 mg AAE/g, while AE had a higher FRAP of 2.94 ± 0.03 mg AAE/g. PWE of O. gratissimum had IC50 for DPPH: 100.00 µg/mL, Fe2+-chelating ability: 4.41 µg/mL, while AE had IC50 for DPPH: 140.00 µg/mL and Fe2+-chelating ability: 4.90 µg/mL. Similarly, the PWE of O. gratissimum showed a higher α-amylase inhibition (IC50: 0.47 mg/mL) than AE (IC50: 0.78 mg/mL); however, AE (IC50 =3.09 µg/mL) demonstrated a higher α-glucosidase inhibition than PWE (IC50: 9.09 µg/mL). AAS analyses indicated the presence of Ca, Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Mn in different proportions in both extracts. Conclusion: Therefore, PWE could be a better alternative in the management of diabetes melitus if properly annexed.
Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of various parts of Bulbine natalensis (Baker): A comparative study
Authors: Teffo Thabiso Katlego , Dukhan Shalini , Ramalepe Phillemon , Risenga Ida
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Bulbine natalensis is a succulent plant native to South Africa, used to treat various skin conditions. The purpose of this investigation was to analyse the phytochemical content, as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of various parts of B. natalensis. Methods: Phytochemical screening tests were performed to investigate the presence of ten compounds from B. natalensis methanol extract. Total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and proanthocyanidin content assays were followed to determine their concentrations in B. natalensis. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), and iron chelating assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity. To determine the antibacterial properties of B. natalensis against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the agar-well diffusion method was adopted. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed more compounds present in the leaves. The underground stems yielded higher concentrations of total phenolics (1909.2 ± 4.8 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g), total flavonoids (259.7 ± 27.2 mg quercetin equivalent [QE]/g), and total proanthocyanidins (858.3 ± 1.7 mg catechin equivalent [CE]/g) in comparison to the leaves and roots. The roots showed stronger DPPH (0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL) and H2 O2 (0.24 ± 0.04 mg/mL) scavenging activities. Only the underground stems and roots showed inhibition against S. aureus with the values of 15.33 ± 0.67 mm and 15.67 ± 0.33 mm, respectively, whereas the leaves displayed the highest inhibition against E. coli (18.33 ± 0.88 mm). Conclusion: The methanolic extracts of B. natalensis leaves, underground stems, and roots possess significant phytochemical content, in conjunction with antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Relationship between green or black tea consumption and cerebral stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fakhri Moloud , Jamshidbeigi Tayebe , Hasanpour Dehkordi Ayda , Abdan Mohsen , Mirfendereski Sam , Sarokhani Diana
Published: April 2024

After water, tea is the most popular drink in the world, and its relationship with heart diseases, stroke, and cancer has been always considered by researchers. The aim of the present study is to assess the relationship between green tea or black tea consumption and stroke risk using systematic review and meta-analysis methods. To assess the required resources, PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Cochrane electronic databases, and the Google Scholar search engine were searched. To assess the study heterogeneity, I2 indexes was used. Data were analyzed using STATA 14 software. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The preventive effect of green tea on cerebral stroke in the case-control studies was more than cohort studies and higher in women than men. Its effect was also lower in people who consume green tea more than 10 years in comparison to people who consume it less than 10 years. Green tea effect was higher in those who consume more than 5 cups/day than those with less than 5 cups/day. The effect of black tea consumption in men and in those who drank less than 5 cups a day or those who drink black tea for 10 years or more was estimated in preventive cohort studies. Green tea has a significant preventive effect on the risk of stroke in different doses and periods of consumption; however, black tea is preventive in a dose of fewer than 5 cups per day and for a period of more than 10 years.
The survey of antitumor effects of bromelain on neoplastic breast cells: A systematic review
Authors: Khosravi Mohammad Reza , Raeisi Elham , Heidari-Soureshjani Saeid , Sherwin Catherine MT
Published: April 2024

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in women worldwide. Considering the side effects of chemotherapy treatments, we investigated the anticancer effects and mechanisms of bromelain (Br) on breast cancer cells in this systematic review. Methods: The PRISMA recommendations were followed to design this systematic review. Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were high-coverage databases used for searching. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study, 18 articles were included. The desired information was gathered, entered into an Excel file, and the study outcomes were surveyed. Results: Br revealed its anticancer effects by preventing the proliferation of cancer cells, inducing cytotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy, and cellular oxidation in breast cancer cells. Moreover, its anti-inflammatory activity and immunomodulatory effects in the tumor environment can increase treatment outcomes. No significant side effects of this proteolytic substance have been reported, and it is a safe herbal constitution. Its combination with anticancer drugs such as cisplatin has revealed synergic effects. Besides reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs, Br improves treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Br has shown promising anticancer effects against breast cancer in in vivo and in vitro studies. However, more clinical trial studies are needed to achieve more reliable results.
Phytochemical screening, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total tannins, antioxidant activities, and α-glucosidase inhibition of ethanolic leaf extracts from 37 cultivars of Antidesma puncticulatum Miq.
Authors: Puangploy Premsak , Kittipongpittaya Ketinun , Khoontawad Jarinya , Jorjong Sujitar , Phalangsuk Natsuda , Phansuwan Tananya , Senngam Pawita , Boonpul Oraya , Lertsit Kochamon , Sooksabine Karnjanapa , Tosonjit Kamontip , Kalarat Nanthachaporn , Sakhunkhu Sudarath
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Antidesma puncticulatum Miq., commonly known as Mao-Luang in Thailand, is a medicinal plant widely renowned for its abundance of bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological properties. This study investigated the phytochemical components, antioxidant potentials, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethanolic leaf extracts from 37 cultivars of A. puncticulatum. Methods: The leaves of 37 different varieties of A. puncticulatum were dried, finely ground, and then extracted using ethanol. The phytochemical screening, total amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins of the extracts were assessed. To evaluate their antioxidant potential, the extracts were subjected to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) Assays. In addition, standard in vitro methods were used to determine the α-glucosidase-inhibitory activity of the extracts. Results: Five phytochemical classes were detected in high concentrations in all of the extracts. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins contents were in the range of 9.86-26.75 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry extract, 8.10-16.18 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g dry extract, and 14.83-33.67 mg CE/g dry extract, respectively. According to DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay results, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were 5.10-9.07, 0.73-2.12, and 2.06- 4.01 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidative capacity (AEAC)/g crude extract, respectively. Interestingly, the crude extracts from A. puncticulatum were more effective as α-glucosidase inhibitors than acarbose, with IC50 values ranging from 1.26 to 25.07 µg/mL. Conclusion: The ethanolic leaf extracts of A. puncticulatum were potent sources of phytochemicals with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Therefore, more research is needed to substantiate their potential applications as therapeutic remedies for diabetes.
Comparison of the protective effects of insulin and saponin on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Rezaei Fardin , Golmohammadi Mohammad Ghasem , Saadati Hakimeh , Banaei Shokofeh
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Oxidative stress induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is an effective element in the pathophysiologic renal alterations generated during IR injury. This investigation intended to study the effects of saponin (SP) and insulin (INS) in kidney IR injury. Methods: Wistar male rats were assigned into four groups: the control, IR, SP + IR, and INS + IR. The rats were nephrectomized unilaterally and went under 45 minutes ischemia followed by 24-hour reperfusion. SP (2.5 mg/kg) and INS (30 U/kg) were intraperitoneally injected prior to ischemia. Following the treatment, a blood sample was taken for the measurement of biochemical parameters, and the left kidney was taken out for the determination of oxidative stress markers and histological changes. Results: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and histopathological scores significantly increased by kidney IR while antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased. However, the administration of SP and INS significantly decreased BUN, Cr, MDA, and histological scores and improved the antioxidant defense system. Conclusion: SP and INS exert nephroprotective effects against oxidative damage caused by IR. It seems that SP has a renoprotection similar to INS in renal IR.
Guggulsterone phytosomes: A novel approach to alleviate hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet-fed rats
Authors: Dudekula Jamal Basha , Koilpillai Jebastin , Narayanasamy Damodharan
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Guggulsterone, derived from Commiphora mukul, is a potent hypolipidemic medication with low bioavailability and water insolubility. To address these challenges, the study aimed to formulate phytosomes and evaluate the efficacy of guggulsterone phytosomes (GPs) in reducing hyperlipidemia in rats on a high-fat diet. Methods: GPs were formulated by incorporating soya lecithin with a suitable solvent to enhance their efficacy against hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet in rats. The optimized GPs were characterized, and in vitro drug release pattern was examined. The hypolipidemic effect of GPs (25 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats over 28 days. Results: The GPs demonstrated favorable entrapment effectiveness with a particle size of 145.4 nm and a zeta potential of -17.8 mV. In terms of drug release, the GPs exhibited better stability and bioavailability, with a release of 92.07 ± 1.67% within 24 hours, compared to pure guggulsterone, which only released 28.07 ± 0.81%. GPs elevated the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and significantly (P<0.05) reduced triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and total cholesterol (TC), compared to their respective control groups. Moreover, GPs showed substantial (P<0.05) antioxidant activity, reduced steatosis, inflammatory cell, and fat cell infiltration in the liver tissue. Conclusion: GPs exhibited hypolipidemic activity in rats with high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia compared to pure guggulsterone. These findings emphasize the potential of GPs as an effective therapeutic intervention for managing hyperlipidemia, surpassing the conventional use of the pure compound.
Magnolia kobus DC leaf ethanol extract alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling
Authors: Kim Yeyoung , Lee Soyoung , Choi Young-Ae , Chung Jae-Min , Kim Eun-Nam , Lee Byungheon , Kim Sang-Yong , Jeong Gil-Saeng , Kim Sang-Hyun
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Magnolia kobus DC has been used as herbal medicine to treat coughs and is known to exert biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. We aimed to define the pharmacological effects of M. kobus leaf ethanol extract (MLEE) on acute lung inflammation and explore the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: For in vitro investigations, RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with MLEE (1, 10, and 100 μg/mL) and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For in vivo investigations, BALB/c mice were intratracheally administered with LPS for 24 hours after injection of MLEE (0.3, 3, and 30 mg/kg). Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histopathology analysis of lung tissue. The phytochemical constituents of MLEE were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: In RAW 264.7 cells, MLEE reduced the activation of the inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The intraperitoneal injection of MLEE (30 mg/kg) attenuated interstitial edema and immune cell infiltration in LPS-induced acute lung inflammation. MLEE also inhibited the activation of cyclooxygenase-2, NF-κB, and Nrf2 in the lung tissue. Conclusion: Taken together, MLEE exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative mediators on acute lung inflammation suggesting that it might be used as a natural drug for treating acute lung inflammatory diseases.
Berberine as a new neuraminidase inhibitor drug: A systematic review
Authors: Asadi-Samani Majid , Altememy Dhiya , Saffari-Chaleshtor Javad , Moradi Mohammad-Taghi
Published: April 2024

Influenza neuraminidase (NA) plays a main role in the viral replication of the influenza virus. It has been considered one of the targets for anti-influenza drugs. Anti-influenza drugs such as zanamivir, oseltamivir, and peramivir can fight the virus via the inhibition of NA. However, due to adverse reactions, the resistance of the viral strains and sudden changes in NA inhibitors, the identification of novel inhibitors is needed. Nature products such as berberine have been reported against influenza. In this systematic review, we have focused on the anti-influenza effects of berberine and its main role in the inhibition of NA of the virus. For this aim, "Berberine" was searched with "Influenza" or "flu" or "common cold" or "neuraminidase" in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from 1990 to April 2023. Studies have demonstrated that berberine and its derivatives have a wide range of biological effects such as antiviral effects against viruses like herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, and influenza A virus. The present study indicates that berberine and some of its derivatives are able to inhibit the influenza virus through NA blockade. Berberine is able to superimpose into the allosteric binding site and shows reversible non-competitive behavior in the ligand-receptor interaction for the inhibition of NA.
Comparing the effects of acupressure and aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on the quality of recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Imani Behzad , Zare Fatemeh , Khazaei Salman
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Complementary medicine presents a viable avenue for mitigating side effects after surgery. This study aimed to compare the effects of acupressure and peppermint essential oil on the quality of recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: In this clinical trial, 210 patients referred to the Besat and Beheshti hospitals in Hamadan, Iran, were included. After giving their informed consent and completing the demographics survey, they were randomly assigned to 3 equal groups of control, peppermint essential oil, and acupressure. The study primarily assessed recovery quality through a 15- item questionnaire and secondarily evaluated postoperative nausea and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and Friedman tests in SPSS 23. Results: In pre-intervention, there was no significant difference between the groups in the total score of recovery quality, nausea, and demographic data. There was a significant increase in the quality of recovery score in the acupressure group when compared to the peppermint group on the second postoperative day (P<0.001). In post-intervention, the mean score of nausea improvement in the control group was significantly less than those of the peppermint and acupressure groups (P<0.05). However, neither the acupressure nor peppermint groups displayed a significant reduction in nausea severity (P=0.439). Furthermore, the patient’s satisfaction in the acupressure group was significantly higher than that of other groups on the second postoperative day (P<0.001). Conclusion: The administration of acupressure was found to be successful in improving recovery quality, patient satisfaction, and mitigating nausea compared to peppermint and standard treatment.
Anti-obesity activity of Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr leaves extract in high fructose-induced obesity in Wistar rats
Authors: Susilawati Elis , Sulaeman Agus , Muhsinin Soni , Levita Jutti , Susilawati Yasmiwar , Sumiwi Sri Adi
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Obesity is known to lead to the development of metabolic disorders and Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr has shown the potential in alleviating some diseases. This study aimed to assess the anti-obesity activity of the ethanol extract of E. subumbrans leaves (EES) in obese Wistar albino rats. Methods: The rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 5): normal group (no obesity inducement, treated with standard feed); high fructose (60%)-induced obesity (obesity induced, no treatment); control-1 group (obesity-induced, treated with orlistat 10.8 mg/kg BW); control-2 group (obesity-induced, treated with Isprinol 45 mg/kg); control-3 group (obesity-induced, treated with metformin 45 mg/kg); three test groups (obesity-induced, treated with EES 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively). The obesity inducement was conducted for 7 weeks. The rats were observed for body weight (BW), feed residue, feces index, triglycerides, organ index, and leucocyte profile. Results: The screening for secondary metabolites in EES revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, and tannins. EES decreased the percentage of BW gain, appetite, organ index (spleen), total fat, triglycerides, and leucocyte profile of the rats. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the leaves of E. subumbrans has the potential to be developed as an anti-obesity agent, although the molecular mechanism of its pathway modulation is still unknown.
Dermatological effects of Pistacia species: A systematic review
Authors: Bozorgi Mahbubeh , Iranzad Maryam , Ali Ahmad , Memariani Zahra
Published: April 2024

Different parts of Pistacia species are traditionally used to treat various skin problems. Traditional experiences can be a good basis for research on the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants. The active compounds of plants can be identified and used in different disorders in an innovative way. There are several studies that have evaluated the Pistacia species for dermatological disorders. However, despite the valuable effects of the Pistacia species on skin disease, there is no comprehensive review of the dermal effects of these plants. So, in this study, current evidence regarding the dermatological effect of the Pistacia species has been reviewed. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies that examined dermatological effects of Pistacia species. According to the review, most of the evidence of dermatological effects in the Pistacia genus comes from preliminary studies on wound healing, cutaneous leishmaniasis, inflammation caused by UV rays and photo-protection, hyperpigmentation disorders, and atopic dermatitis. The Pistacia genus was implicated in 3 clinical studies and 30 in vivo/in vitro studies showing several mechanisms that go beyond its dermatological effects. The traditional medicinal effects of these herbs are supported by some scientific evidence. The potential protective/therapeutic effects of these herbs need to be studied further so that they can be considered as possible future candidates for use in skin care products.
Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant potential, and in vitro antidiabetic activity of Grewia lasiodiscus (K Schum) leaves extract
Authors: Eloh Kodjo , Koza Biham , Simalou Oudjaniyobi , Sanvee Sabrina Chris Janiba , Bakaï Marie France
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Grewia lasiodiscus is recognized for its therapeutic potential in addressing emesis, diabetes, hypertension, and oxidative stress. This research evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of G. lasiodiscus leaf extract using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in a glucose absorption model. Methods: Phytochemical screening, quantification of phenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins, in conjunction with in vitro antioxidant evaluations using the 2,2’-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and Ferric-reducing power test (FRAP) were conducted on the hydroethanolic extract. The assessment of the antidiabetic impact involved the measurement of yeast cell glucose absorption, with an additional investigation into their glucose adsorption capabilities. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, steroids, flavonoids, terpenes, glycosides, and phenols in the hydroethanolic extract, while alkaloids and saponins were absent. Quantitative analysis revealed substantial levels of phenols (200.92 ± 0.00 milligrams equivalent to catechin per gram (mgEqC/g)), flavonoids (31.75 ± 0.25 mgEqC/g), and condensed tannins (2740.44 ± 142.66 mgEqC/g). The extract demonstrated noteworthy antioxidant activity, corresponding to an IC50 value of 91.11 ± 0.11 μg/mL in the DPPH test and ferric reducing power of 11.35 ± 1.42 mmol/L. Furthermore, the extract enhanced glucose absorption by yeast cells, reaching up to 75%, in a manner directly proportional to glucose concentration and extract weight, indicating dose-dependent effects across glucose levels. Conclusion: G. lasiodiscus leaf extract exhibited significant antioxidant and antidiabetic properties probably attributed to its phenolic compounds. Further research, including in vivo studies and toxicity assessments, is imperative to ascertain its therapeutic potential in managing diabetes mellitus.
Exploring the anti-acne potential of Muntingia calabura L leaves against Staphylococcus epidermidis: In vitro and in silico perspective
Authors: Sambi Aloysius Imanadi , Saputra Bakti Wahyu , Setiawati Agustina
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Muntingia calabura is a medicinal plant possessing antimicrobial properties against various bacteria. The purpose of this study was to examine in vitro and in silico activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of M. calabura leaves against the acne-causing commensal bacterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods: In this study, M. calabura leaves were extracted using ethanol and then further fractionated with ethyl acetate. The phytochemicals in the fraction were identified with thin layer chromatography (TLC). The activity of the fraction was then tested in S. epidermidis culture using the agar diffusion method. Additionally, the molecular docking of M. calabura phytochemicals constituents was simulated to teicoplanin-associated locus regulator (TcaR) of S. epidermidis. Results: The ethyl acetate fraction of M. calabura exhibited robust antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis culture, resulting in inhibition zones ranging from 5 to 10 mm. The fraction was found to contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins as identified constituents. Further, during the molecular docking analysis, stigmasterol and 7-methoxyflavone demonstrated binding to TcaR with a lower and comparable binding energy of -7.40 and -6.19 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to the control drug, Penicillin-G (-6.40 kcal/mol). Conclusion: M. calabura has the potential to serve as a valuable source of active phytochemical compounds for addressing acne. Further studies are needed to isolate and evaluate each compound found in M. calabura individually against S. epidermidis.
Effect of pinocembrin on thymocyte proliferation and death
Authors: Toshtemirova Gulnoza , Rustamova Sarvinoz , Tsiferova Nargiza , Maksimcheva Galina , Merzlyak Petr , Kurbannazarova Ranohon , Sabirov Ravshan
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Cell volume regulation is critical for cellular proliferation and death. Pinocembrin effectively suppresses the volume regulation in thymocytes under hypoosmotic stress by blocking the volume-sensitive anion channel. This study aims to evaluate the effects of this flavonoid on thymocyte proliferation and death. Methods: Thymocytes were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, and the cell number was determined by cloud-based automated cell counting (Corning). Necrotic and apoptotic cell death were evaluated by propidium iodide- and annexin V-staining, respectively. Results: Pinocembrin at 10–50 μM caused suppression of primary cultured thymocyte proliferation with a half-maximal effect of 28.4 ± 0.2 μM. The cell counts did not fall below the control level at the doses of 100–150 μM. The fraction of spontaneously necrotic cells was ~26% of the total population and increased to ~51% in the presence of dexamethasone. The fraction of spontaneously apoptotic cells increased by this glucocorticoid from 3.6% to 16.7%. Pinocembrin protected thymocytes from necrosis both in spontaneous and dexamethasone-induced death, reducing the fraction of necrotic cells by ~40–50% at 150 μM. Pinocembrin attenuated dexamethasone-induced apoptotic death, reducing the fraction of annexin-positive cells to the control (spontaneous) level. Conclusion: Our results suggest that pinocembrin arrests thymocyte proliferation without essential killing. Under conditions of massive death (e.g., during inflammation, when the level of glucocorticoids increases sharply both physiologically and as a result of pharmacotherapy), pinocembrin protects immuno-competent cells from necrotic and apoptotic death.
Phytochemical and in vitro anthelmintic properties of mesocarp of fruit extracts from Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (Zygophyllaceae)
Authors: Belemlilga Mohamed Bonewendé , Moyenga Félicité , Boly Abdoul Gilchrist Laurent , Ouédraogo Hippolyte , Compaoré Souleymane , Yoda Jules , Youl Estelle Noëla Hoho , Kini Félix Bondo , Ouédraogo Sylvin , Traoré Aristide
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Balanites aegyptiaca L. (DEL) is a plant used in Burkina Faso in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal parasitosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic macerates (AM and HEM) of the fruit mesocarp from Balanites aegyptiaca against Haemonchus contortus. Methods: Phytochemical screening of the extracts was done using thin-layer chromatography. The egg hatch inhibition assay (EHIA) at 0.125, 0.15, 0.25, 0.625, 1.25, and 5 mg/mL and Adult worms mortality assay (AWMA) at 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg/mL concentrations were evaluated. Albendazole and levamisole were used as standards, and phosphate-buffered saline was used as a negative control. The antioxidant potential of extracts was evaluated using the ABTS [2,2’-azinobis (3-ethyl benzoin-6-sulphonate)] and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazine) methods and Fe3+ ion reducing power. The standards used were trolox and ascorbic acid. Results: Several secondary metabolites such as sterols, triterpenes, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, and saponins were identified. For EHIA, the AM was more effective than HEM with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.35 mg/mL and 0.43 mg/mL, respectively. AM was even more effective for AWMA than HEM, with 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) of 3.15 mg/mL and 8.37 mg/mL, respectively. The DPPH method gave an IC50 of 834.55 μg/mL and the capacity to reduce ferric ion (Fe3+) to ferrous ion (Fe2+) was 270.4 µmol/Ascorbic acid equivalent. Conclusion: AM and HEM from the mesocarp of B. aegyptiaca have anthelmintic properties. AM is more effective than HEM, which justifies their use with priority for AM.
Rethinking the basic action modes of herbal medicine and pondering classical standardization
Authors: Saifudin Azis , Bahar Muh. Akbar , Hidayatullah Muh. Haqqi , Norimoto Hisayoshi , Tezuka Yasuhiro , Tanaka Ken
Published: April 2024

Over the past two decades, the secondary metabolite platform has determined the scientific direction of herbal medicines, while plant sources have been assumed to be the object of lead discoveries through bioassay-guided fractionation efforts. Nonetheless, the majority of purification programs have resulted in fractions and pure compounds with much lower efficacy than their parent extracts. It is then assumed that co-working action modes among chemical constituents occur in the herbal preparations. Primary metabolites (polysaccharides, peptides, and fatty acids) and mineral groups, on the other hand, have been neglected in the herbal effect contributions. This review aims to understand the interplay of secondary metabolites in herbal preparations, particularly how they interact with primary metabolites and mineral groups. Thus, by adhering to classical methods, it is possible to address certain aspects that modern standardization lacks, thereby facilitating a more comprehensive approach to these issues.
Epigallocatechin gallate, the primary bioactive component from Camellia sinensis: A review on immunomodulatory effects in autoimmune diseases by balancing the differentiation of Th and Treg cells
Authors: Arifka Vigha Ilmanafi , Gani Andayana Puspitasari , Murwanti Retno
Published: April 2024

Autoimmune disease is a chronic condition that requires treatment with prolonged use of drugs. Consequently, there is a significant occurrence of adverse effects and toxicity associated with the medicine. On the other hand, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the primary bioactive catechin in green tea (Camellia sinensis), has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties and exhibit therapeutic effects in autoimmune disorders. Therefore, EGCG can be considered a complementary and alternative medicine to address the limitations of current treatment. Turning to the disease pathology, the balance between helper T-cell (Th) and regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation is the crucial aspect that needs to be regulated in order to attain immunological tolerance and suppress the incidence and severity of autoimmune disease. Here, we aim to comprehensively review the immunomodulatory effect of EGCG on the balance of Th/Treg cell differentiation in diverse autoimmune disorders. Scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, were searched using the keywords autoimmune AND (epigallocatechin-3-gallate OR epigallocatechin gallate OR EGCG) AND (Thelper OR Th OR Treg OR CD4). Our review revealed that EGCG has ability to repair the imbalance of Th/Treg cell differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), ulcerative colitis (UC), and autoimmune uveitis (AU) by inhibiting the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells while promoting the differentiation of Th2 and Treg cells, as well as improving the clinical conditions of the tested animals. Hence, it might be inferred that EGCG exhibits considerable promise as a viable complementary and alternative therapeutic option for autoimmune disease.
Therapeutic potential of fucoidan in dentistry: A review
Authors: Hudiyati Maya , Sunarintyas Siti , Ardhani Retno , Isnansetyo Alim
Published: April 2024

Fucoidan, produced by the cell walls of brown seaweed, possesses biological effects, covering anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and a potential for promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This study aimed to compile diverse scientific results on fucoidan’s therapeutic prospect in dentistry and the mechanism of action in the therapy of oral diseases. A literature search was carried out using keywords with Boolean operators, including fucoidan (AND) oral (OR) dental (OR) dentistry, to identify related publications from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The results showed that fucoidan had various therapeutic potentials in the field of dentistry, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, radioprotection, protection of dental pulp tissue, and bone regeneration. These characteristics were related to the sulfate composition and molecular weight. Fucoidan has various therapeutic potentials crucial for oral health. Hence, it might be used for material development and drug production in dentistry
Protective effect of olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) extract against chronic exposure of liver and kidney tissues of Wistar rats to aluminum chloride
Authors: Meliana Ahila , Ratnani Arifian Hardi Putri , Hasanatuludhhiyah Nurina , Rahniayu Alphania , Mastutik Gondo , Rahaju Anny Setijo
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The liver and kidney are the main sites of aluminum (Al) accumulation. Lifetime exposure to significant amounts of Al is inevitable, hence its toxicity on the liver and kidney should be a health concern. Natural antioxidants have been proven to alleviate pathologies in various liver and kidney injuries. However, the effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) on Al-exposed animals is yet to be confirmed. This study aimed to investigate the OLE effect against AlCl3 chronic exposure in rats’ liver and kidneys. Methods:Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8), including the control group, the AlCl3 group treated with 128 mg/kg AlCl3 solution, as well as AlCl3 +OLE50, and AlCl3 +OLE100 groups (Other than AlCl3 they received 50 and 100 mg/kg of OLE, respectively, 2 hours after AlCl3 administration). All treatments were given orally for 12 weeks. All groups were evaluated for liver and kidney histopathological features, then scoring was performed. Results: AlCl3 administrations produced histopathological lesions in the liver and kidney, indicated by increased liver necro-inflammatory grades, ballooning scores, and renal inflammatory cell infiltration (P<0.05). OLE100 mg/kg significantly reduced liver necroinflammatory grade, ballooning score, and kidney inflammatory cell infiltrations. The dose of 50 mg/kg also reduced these parameters (P<0.05), except for the liver necro-inflammatory grade. There was a significant correlation between OLE dose and liver necro-inflammatory grade and ballooning score amelioration. Conclusion: OLE ameliorates liver and kidney histopathological features induced by oral Al chronic exposure in a dose-dependent manner.
Anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous leaf extract of Solanum trilobatum (Purple fruit pea eggplant) on human oral cancer cells
Authors: Ganesan Anuradha , Kumar N Gautham , Natarajan Prabhu Manickam
Published: April 2024

Introduction: This research explores the capability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced via friendly methods by using Solanum trilobatum leaf extract. The choice of S. trilobatum was supported by its diverse phytochemical makeup, which comprises recognized bioactive elements known for their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer attributes. This research explores the effect of AgNPs derived from this plant as a promising eco-friendly strategy in oral cancer treatment. Methods: The synthesis of AgNPs involved employing S. trilobatum leaf extract, with observable color changes and spectral analyses confirming the unique characteristics of the nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy detected distinct functional groups, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of biocapped nanoparticles exhibiting various shapes and sizes spanning from 100 to 300 nm. Results: Cytotoxicity assessments via the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed a half-minimal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 3.715 ± 0.242 μg/mL against the oral cancer (KB) cell line, indicating a significant inhibition. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays further supported the AgNPs’ anti-cancer potential, affirming their promise for oral cancer therapy. Conclusion: AgNPs synthesized from S. trilobatum leaf extract showed substantial potential as a therapeutic agent for oral cancer. This research adds to the increasing evidence endorsing the use of environmentally friendly synthesized nanoparticles in medical treatments.
Deciphering the molecular pathway of an asiaticosiderich fraction of Centella asiatica as an anti-melanogenesis agent
Authors: Setiawati Agustina , Maharani Brigitta Amanda , Sari Putu Addelia Puspa , Widyantara K. Ariex , Saputra Bakti Wahyu , Febriansah Rifki , Dwiastuti Rini
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Melanin is a defense against UV radiation; however, it leads to significant cosmetic issues mainly melasma and hyperpigmentation. This study evaluated the potential effect of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of Centella asiatica extract in vitro inhibition activity against tyrosinase (TYR). Bioinformatics and in silico experiments were also employed to predict molecular pathways of asiaticoside, as the main active compound. Methods: Centella asiatica was extracted with ethanol and then fractionated with EtOAc. The fraction was tested in vitro for TYR inhibitory activity, and its active compounds were investigated using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). After obtaining the online database of the genes related to pigmentation and melanogenesis in the skin, the genes affected by asiaticoside were determined by the Venn diagram. The top 10 target proteins, underlying molecular pathways, got from CytoHubba, were further studied to figure out their molecular pathway. The molecular docking was conducted on two selected protein targets. Results: EtOAc fraction of C. asiatica extract demonstrated strong TYR inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 18.85 μg/mL. TLC profiling of the EtOAc fraction revealed the Rf value of 0.28 for the standard, Rf value of 0.26, 0.21, and 0.15 for the extract, and Rf value of 0.26 and 0.15 for the fraction. Asiaticoside inhibited melanogenesis by elaborating many molecular pathways involving keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblast, and endothelial cells by elaborating cytokine, growth factor, extracellular matrix, and melanin degradation enzyme Conclusion: Asiaticoside-rich C. asiatica fraction has the potential as an anti-melanogenesis agent through its TYR inhibitory activity and many molecular pathways.
Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of hydro-ethanolic extract of Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen leaves
Authors: Dermane Affo , Kporvie Atsu Kodjo George , Kindji Kpoyizoun Pascaline , Metowogo Kossi , Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashie
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The use of Securidaca longipedunculata for solving health problems related to immunological disorders is long-standing. The immunomodulatory activity associated with the anti-inflammatory effect of S. longipedunculata has not yet been elucidated by scientific research. The aim of our study is to show that the leaves of S. longipedunculata can solve problems related to immunodeficiency and inflammation. Methods: The phytochemical compounds of the plant were carried out by solubility tests. The anti-inflammatory activity of the plant was evaluated by the chicken egg albumin denaturation inhibition, membrane stabilization, and C-reactive protein (CRP) tests. The 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl, total antioxidant capacity, and inhibition of lipoperoxidation tests were performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the plant. Immunosuppression was induced in rats by cyclophosphamide. The immunomodulatory activity of S. longipedunculata was studied by blood count. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) titration showed the effect of S. longipedunculata on the energy balance. Results: The extract contained polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The tests of albumin denaturation inhibition, membrane stabilisation, CRP, total antioxidant capacity, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl revealed that the extract had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The blood count results revealed that the extract non-significantly increased the number of leukocytes except in the case of neutrophils and monocytes at a dose of 400 mg/kg (P<0.05). The extract also restored the energy balance in the rats according to the LDH results. Conclusion: This study reveals that the hydro-ethanolic extract of S. longipedunculata leaves has potential immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory effects.