bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A predictive vampire attack detection by social spider optimized Gaussian mixture model clustering
Authors: Juneja Vikas , Dinkar Shail Kumar
Published: November 2022

A sensor node carries out a specific function in a wireless sensor network. Wireless sensor networks are less bearable but more vital to the industry and the people because of threats. As a result, a node's battery life will be drastically reduced, and the node will be rendered completely inoperable, which is the most extreme form of denial of service attack. A vampire attack, one of the denials of service attacks, may inflict extensive harm to the network, making it harder to detect and using more energy than necessary. This article has proposed a novel vampire attack detection and prevention by the energy consumption prediction in the data path with the least error as low as . In combination with the social spider optimized Gaussian mixture model, the gray prediction model is used to detect and prevent the attack. The energy prediction scheme calculates a cooperative trust score and is categorized by the optimized Gaussian mixture model. The algorithm is validated with recent state‐of‐the‐art schemes and the detection accuracy improvement of up to 35.27% is achieved.
Plasmonic Biosensing with Nano‐Engineered Van der Waals Interfaces
Authors: Jiang Li , Kong Kien Voon , He Sailing , Yong Ken‐Tye
Published: November 2022

Observing a Goos‐Hänchen (GH) shift of the incident light beam provides a simple and convenient method of detecting fast phase variations without the need for cumbersome direct phase measurements. Here, we show that few‐monolayers‐thick van der Waals structures (WS2, MoSe2 and graphene) nano‐engineered onto a plasmonic surface can enhance the phase variation sensitivity to analyte presence, leading to more than 3 orders of magnitude increase in the Goos‐Hänchen shift (ca. 886 mm/RIU for a WS2/graphene/Au multilayer). The detection limit is evaluated to be as low as 0.1 aM (6.7 pg/mL) for bovine serum albumin protein with molecular weight of 67 kDa and 1 fM (24.4 ng/mL) for biotin (244 Da) molecules.
Recent Advances in Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Triphenylamine‐Based Doping Systems
Authors: Li Gengchen , Dai Wenbo , Lei Yunxiang , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Cai Zhengxu , Dong Yuping
Published: November 2022

The host–guest doping strategy has become one of the most effective approaches to realize pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Crystalline small molecules can provide a rigid environment that restricts the molecular motion of luminescent guests, thus enhancing phosphorescence emission. Triphenylamine (TPA) is a classic crystalline small molecule matrix that, when doped with designed guest molecules, enables tunable RTP properties and diverse functionalities. These properties afford TPA‐based doping systems with numerous applications in anticounterfeiting, bio‐imaging, and multiple responsive sensing. In this concept, design strategies, luminescence mechanisms, and applications of TPA‐based host‐guest doping systems are summarized. Moreover, the future prospects of TPA‐based RTP materials are proposed.
Bionic Construction of Helical Bi2O3 Microfibers for Highly Efficient CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Ning Hui , Wang Yani , Fei Xiang , Wang Xiaoshan , Jin Xin , Zou Yecheng , Ma Chang , Jiao Zhenmei , Zhao Yan , Wu Mingbo
Published: November 2022

Helical Bi2O3 microfibers (HBM) were prepared with the assistance of cotton template through a simple heating treatment in air. This twisted structure induced the lattice strains, enriched the oxygen vacancies of Bi2O3, and promoted the sufficient exposure of active sites simultaneously, thus performing outstanding activity and selectivity as catalyst for CO2 electroreduction to formate. The faradaic efficiency (FE) of formate reached 100.4±1.9 % at −0.90 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in an H‐cell, and the partial current density was boosted to 226 mA cm−2 with FEformate of 96 % at −1.08 V vs. RHE in a flow cell. This work may open a new era for construction of metal oxide fibers by bionic strategy as high‐performance electrocatalysts.
Not Just Another Methanation Catalyst: Depleted Uranium Meets Nickel for a High‐Performing Process Under Autothermal Regime
Authors: Truong‐Phuoc Lai , Nhut Jean‐Mario , Sall Secou , Tuci Giulia , Rossin Andrea , Papaefthimiou Vasiliki , Duong‐Viet Cuong , Petit Corinne , Arab Mehdi , Jourdan Alex , Vidal Loic , Giambastiani Giuliano , Pham‐Huu Cuong
Published: November 2022

Ni‐based catalysts prepared through impregnation of depleted uranium oxides (DU) have successfully been employed as highly efficient, selective, and durable systems for CO2 hydrogenation to substituted natural gas (SNG; CH4) under an autothermal regime. The thermo‐physical properties of DU and the unique electronic structure of f‐block metal‐oxides combined with a nickel active phase, generated an ideal catalytic assembly for turning waste energy back into useful energy for catalysis. In particular, Ni/UOx stood out for the capacity of DU matrix to control the extra heat (hot‐spots) generated at its surface by the highly exothermic methanation process. At odds with the benchmark Ni/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst, the double action played by DU as a “thermal mass” and “dopant” for the nickel active phase unveiled the unique performance of Ni/UOx composites as CO2 methanation catalysts. The ability of the weakly radioactive ceramic (UOx) to harvest waste heat for more useful purposes was demonstrated in practice within a rare example of a highly effective and long‐term methanation operated under autothermal regime (i. e., without any external heating source). This finding is an unprecedented example that allows a real step‐forward in the intensification of “low‐temperature” methanation with an effective reduction of energy wastes. At the same time, the proposed catalytic technology can be regarded as an original approach to recycle and bring to a second life a less‐severe nuclear by‐product (DU), providing a valuable alternative to its more costly long‐term storage or controlled disposal.
High Open‐Circuit Voltage Cs2AgBiBr6 Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells via Green Processing of Ultrasonic Spray‐Coated Carbon Electrodes from Waste Tire Sources
Authors: Schmitz Fabian , Lago Nicolò , Fagiolari Lucia , Burkhart Julian , Cester Andrea , Polo Andrea , Prato Mirko , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Gross Silvia , Bella Federico , Lamberti Francesco , Gatti Teresa
Published: November 2022

Invited for this month cover is the group of Teresa Gatti at the Justus Liebig University (JLU) in Giessen, Germany, the group of Federico Bella at Politecnico di Torino (POLITO), Italy, and the group of Francesco Lamberti at the University of Padova (UNIPD), also in Italy. The image shows how waste tires can be converted in a conductive carbon powder that undergoes a green processing step to produce carbon electrodes for lead‐free perovskite solar cells. Similar devices can be employed to harvest indoor light in order to power the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201590.
Tuning the Electro‐Optical Properties of Mixed‐Halide Trityl Radicals Bearing para‐Brominated Positions through Halogen Substitution
Authors: Mesto Davide , Dai Yasi , Dibenedetto Carlo N. , Punzi Angela , Krajčovič Jozef , Striccoli Marinella , Negri Fabrizia , Blasi Davide
Published: November 2022

In this work, the synthesis and characterization of two new trityl radicals bearing two p‐brominated positions, i. e. the 2,2′‐((perchlorophenyl)methylene)bis(1,3,5‐tribromobenzene) radical and the 6,6′‐((perchlorophenyl)methylene)bis(3‐bromo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrafluorobenzene) radical, are presented. Slightly modifying the strategy typically used for the synthesis of non‐symmetric mixed‐halide trityl radicals, we were able to considerably increase the reaction yield for the radical precursors. In addition, for the first time the electro‐optical properties of a highly fluorinated trityl radical were studied, achieving the most blue‐shifted emission for a trityl radical reported up to now. Quantum‐chemical calculations carried out to supplement the experimental investigation support the electrochemical and spectroscopic data as well as rationalize the observed blue shift of the highly fluorinated species.
Expeditious and Stereoselective Synthesis of (1S)‐Spiro[pyran‐4‐quinolines]
Authors: Chen Po‐Yen , Chiang Yi‐Ting , Hsieh Min‐Tsang , Hseu You‐Cheng , Lin Chun‐Hung , Lin Hui‐Chang
Published: November 2022

Spiro[pyran‐4‐quinolines] were synthesized in two steps from exo‐glycals. The first step involved the double additions of aniline (or substituted anilines) to produce C,N‐glycosides. The next step was to eliminate the anomeric N‐aryl group by formation of benzophenone‐derived imine, followed by in situ intramolecular Friedel−Crafts alkylation. The resulting (1S)‐spiro[pyran‐4‐quinolines] were obtained in 60–72 % overall yields with exclusive (from the reactions of exo‐galactals) or high stereoselectivity (from those of exo‐glucals with m‐substituted anilines), respectively. Additionally, exo‐galactals were found suitable to perform the two steps consecutively in one‐pot at 75 °C.
A novel interference signal superposition algorithm for providing secrecy to subcarrier number modulation‐based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems
Authors: Kırık Muhammet , Hamamreh Jehad M.
Published: November 2022

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing with Subcarrier Number Modulation (OFDM‐SNM) is a transmission scheme that aims to convey additional data bits by exploiting the number of active subcarriers. Even though OFDM‐SNM creates many advantages, such as low bit error rate (BER), high spectral efficiency, and high reliability, it suffers from the security vulnerabilities against eavesdroppers and malicious wire‐tappers. The reason why OFDM‐SNM is vulnerable against security threats is that the nature of subcarrier number‐based additional data transmission differs from the conventional data modulation techniques, which makes the existing physical layer security (PLS) applications to be inapplicable for OFDM‐SNM. Therefore, novel PLS techniques must be developed for OFDM‐SNM to secure the data that is transmitted by exploiting the number of subcarriers. In this paper, a novel interference signal superposition security algorithm for OFDM‐SNM is proposed at the physical level to overcome its security vulnerabilities. The proposed security application aims to provide the data secrecy by embedding an artificial interference signal into the data that are meant to be conveyed by the active subcarriers. This artificial interference signal is created by exploiting the channel state information of the legitimate user, and deliberately included into the transmitted data to create a confusion for those who try to infiltrate the communication system, such as eavesdroppers or malicious wire‐tappers. In this paper, the transmission of data for both the legitimate user and eavesdropper is operated by M‐ary PSK/QAM modulation over a Rayleigh fading channel. The theoretical calculations and simulation results prove that the proposed security application for OFDM‐SNM is a strong candidate to provide the security requirements of such cases in future wireless networks, where providing data secrecy is among the top priorities.
Late Cambrian climate change recorded by a shift from an arid carbonate platform to a storm‐dominated cool‐water platform at the Gondwana margin (Alborz Zone, Iran)
Authors: Daraei Mehdi , Bayet‐Goll Aram , Geyer Gerd , Bahrami Nasrin
Published: November 2022

The Deh‐Molla Formation of the Alborz Zone in northern Iran is a key unit to understanding global sea‐level fluctuations, and likely climate changes during the Furongian Epoch. The sedimentological characteristics of the formation indicate that the succession was deposited on a gently sloping epeiric platform on the northern margin of Gondwana. The Paibian Member 1 of the Deh‐Molla Formation was deposited on a carbonate platform with stable environmental conditions, probably during a (semi)arid climate condition, as indicated by microbial–sponge patch reefs, thick‐bedded units formed in broad facies belts, and a thick dolomite unit formed under evaporative conditions. The overlying Member 2, considered to span the Jiangshanian–Age 10, includes thin‐bedded wavy, and rippled strata known as ribbon rocks. This sequence records considerable environmental fluctuations. Thin‐bedded strata with flat‐pebble conglomerates, hummocky cross‐stratification, lenticular, flaser, and wavy bedding, ripple cross‐lamination, and graded bedding signify that deposition of Member 2 took place in a depositional environment repeatedly affected by tidal currents, and storm waves. A comparison of the Deh‐Molla Formation, and particularly its ribbon rocks with coeval strata in Laurentia and North China reveals secular controls on their development. In contrast to the Furongian strata of the Great American Carbonate Bank, deposited under tropical conditions, the ribbon rocks of the Deh‐Molla Formation suggest deposition in a temperate latitude zone with dominant cool‐water conditions. However, the Deh‐Molla platform was seasonally subjected to monsoons that brought warm tropical waters to the region, and led to rapidly changing environments. Ooids, peloids, stromatolites, and other criteria suggestive of a tropical climate are frequent in Laurentian successions, but absent in the Deh‐Molla Member 2. However, both Laurentian and Gondwanan examples share characters that indicate comparable controls on their development. Significant environmental changes during the Furongian are indicated by the SPICE and HERB events, and the latter is taken as showing biotic and physico‐chemical changes in the ocean and atmosphere, possibly concurrent with the formation of ribbon rocks on different continental blocks.
Correlation of female age with outcome of IVF in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Adebayo Francis O. , Ameh Nkeiruka , Adesiyun Adebiyi G. , Ekele Bissallah A. , Wada Ibrahim
Published: November 2022

Objective

To determine the effect of female age on pregnancy outcome after in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF‐ET).

Methods

A prospective study was conducted involving 266 women who had IVF‐ET at Nisa Fertility and Genetic Center, Abuja, Nigeria. All eligible consenting women were recruited to the study. The main outcome measure was clinical pregnancy. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. P < 0.05 at 95% confidence intervals was taken as significant.

Results

A total of 266 patients were recruited and included in the study; 104 pregnancies were recorded, giving an overall pregnancy rate of 39.1%. The age range of the patient was 26–43 years (mean age 33.9 ± 2.41 years) while the mean number of embryo transfers per patient was 2.2. The clinical pregnancy rate for women aged below 30 years was 69.4% while the pregnancy rate for patients aged 30–34 years, 35–39 years, and 40–43 years was 52.6%, 24.7%, and 9.4%, respectively (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The study found that the success rate of IVF‐ET decreases significantly in women aged over 34 years. Women should be counseled about the age‐related risk of infertility and referred to a fertility center as early as possible.
Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis using hybrid features extraction and ensemble support vector machines
Authors: Houria Latifa , Belkhamsa Noureddine , Cherfa Assia , Cherfa Yazid
Published: November 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in order to identify abnormalities in the brain. Indeed, cortical atrophy, a powerful biomarker for AD, can be detected using structural MRI (sMRI), but it cannot detect impairment in the integrity of the white matter (WM) preceding cortical atrophy. The early detection of these changes is made possible by the novel MRI modality known as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In this study, we integrate DTI and sMRI as complementary imaging modalities for the early detection of AD in order to create an effective computer‐assisted diagnosis tool. The fused Bag‐of‐Features (BoF) with Speeded‐Up Robust Features (SURF) and modified AlexNet convolutional neural network (CNN) are utilized to extract local and deep features. This is applied to DTI scalar metrics (fractional anisotropy and diffusivity metric) and segmented gray matter images from T1‐weighted MRI images. Then, the classification of local unimodal and deep multimodal features is first performed using support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Then, the majority voting technique is adopted to predict the final decision from the ensemble SVMs. The study is directed toward the classification of AD versus mild cognitive impairment (MCI) versus cognitively normal (CN) subjects. Our proposed method achieved an accuracy of 98.42% and demonstrated the robustness of multimodality imaging fusion.
Schwann Cells Contribute to Alveolar Bone Regeneration by Promoting Cell Proliferation
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Xiong Qiuchan , Lin Weimin , Wang Qian , Zhang Danting , Xu Ruoshi , Zhou Xinyi , Zhang Shiwen , Peng Lin , Yuan Quan
Published: November 2022

The plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) following nerve injury is a critical feature in the regeneration of peripheral nerves as well as surrounding tissues. Here, we show a pivotal role of Schwann cell-derived cells in alveolar bone regeneration through the specific ablation of proteolipid protein 1 (Plp)-expressing cells and the transplantation of teased nerve fibers and associated cells. With inducible Plp specific genetic tracing, we observe that Plp+ cells migrate into wounded alveolar defect and dedifferentiate into repair SCs. Notably, these cells barely transdifferentiate into osteogenic cell lineage in both SCs tracing model and transplant model, but secret factors to enhance the proliferation of alveolar skeletal stem cells (aSSCs). As to the mechanism, this effect is associated with the upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) signaling and the downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase–protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway. Collectively, our data demonstrate that SCs dedifferentiate after neighboring alveolar bone injury and contribute to bone regeneration mainly by a paracrine function. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Myocardial work—A new tool for early detection of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone chemotherapy induced‐cardiotoxicity in hematological patients
Authors: Mihalcea Diana , Memis Hayat , Balinisteanu Anca , Vladareanu Ana‐Maria , Mihaila Sorina , Vinereanu Dragos
Published: November 2022

Background

Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (RCHOP) chemotherapy in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has risk of cardiotoxicity.

Purpose

To determine the role of myocardial work and biomarkers in subclinical diagnosis and prediction of cardiotoxicity.

Methods

The 130 NHL patients (52 ± 9 years, 62% men) scheduled for RCHOP, with LVEF>50%, were evaluated at baseline, after third cycle and chemotherapy completion for 3D LVEF, 2D myocardial deformation (longitudinal, radial, circumferential strain ‐ LS, RS, CS) and myocardial work (global constructive work, waste work, work index and work efficiency ‐ GCW, GWW, GWI, GWE). NT‐pro‐BNP and troponin I were determined.

Results

After chemotherapy ended, 37 patients (28%) (group I) developed asymptomatic cardiotoxicity (8 mild form, 25 moderate form, 4 severe form); 93 patients (group II) did not. After third cycle, all patients had decreased LS, CS, RS, GCW, GWI, GWE and increased GWW, persistent after chemotherapy completion, with significant changes in group I. After third cycle, GWE and GCW were the best independent predictors for LVEF reduction; GWE decrease with>5% after third cycle predicted cardiotoxicity after chemotherapy completed (91% sensitivity, 94% specificity).

Conclusions

In NHL, myocardial work can diagnose subclinical cardiotoxicity and predict LVEF decline. These parameters should be used for sensitive evaluation of myocardial function during chemotherapy.
Safety of re‐challenging adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with PEG‐asparaginase‐induced severe hypertriglyceridemia when treated with a pediatric‐inspired regimen
Authors: Al Nabhani Ibrahim , Andrews Claire , Sibai Jad , Atenafu Eshetu , Young Taylor , Chan Steven M. , Gupta Vikas , Maze Dawn , Schimmer Aaron D. , Schuh Andre C. , Yee Karen , Sibai Hassan
Published: November 2022

PEG‐asparaginase is used as a treatment for Philadelphia‐negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In pediatric studies, triglycerides (TGs) were affected more by PEG‐asparaginase than by native L‐asparaginase (10.0% vs. 5.5%). We conducted a retrospective study to determine the safety of re‐challenging adult patients with PEG‐asparaginase after experiencing an episode of severe hypertriglyceridemia (>1000 mg/dl or 11.4 mmol/L). The incidence of hypertriglyceridemia associated with PEG‐asparaginase in adult patients was high (67.5%). Therefore, checking TGs at baseline and monitoring levels while receiving PEG‐asparaginase need to be considered and studied in prospective studies. However, in patients with hypertriglyceridemia not complicated by acute pancreatitis, re‐challenging is safe once TG levels normalize.
Whey‐based polymeric films for food packaging applications: a review of recent trends
Authors: Rosseto Marieli , Rigueto Cesar Vinicius Toniciolli , Alessandretti Ingridy , de Oliveira Rafaela , Raber Wohlmuth Daniela Alexia , Loss Raquel Aparecida , Dettmer Aline , Richards Neila Silvia Pereira dos Santos
Published: November 2022

The food industry is always looking for new strategies to extend the shelf life of food. In recent years, the focus has been on edible films and coatings. These play an essential role in the quality, safety, transport, storage, and display of a wide variety of fresh and processed foods and contribute to environmental sustainability. In this sense, this study aimed to carry out a bibliometric analysis and literature review on the production of whey‐based films for application in food packaging. Whey‐based films have different characteristics when compared to other biopolymers, such as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory capacity. A wide variety of compounds were found that can be incorporated into whey films, aiming to overcome their limitations related to high solubility and low mechanical properties. These compounds range from plasticizing agents, secondary biomacromolecules added to balance the polymer matrix (gelatin, starch, chitosan), and bioactive agents (essential oils, pigments extracted from plants, and other antimicrobial agents). The most cited foods as application matrix were meat (fish, chicken, ham, and beef), in addition to different types of cheese. Edible and biodegradable films have the potential to replace synthetic polymers, combining social, environmental, and economic aspects. The biggest challenge on a large scale is the stability of physical, chemical, and biological properties during application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification of nine novel variants across PAX3, SOX10, EDNRB, and MITF genes in Waardenburg syndrome with next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Lee Chen‐Yu , Lo Ming‐Yu , Chen You‐Mei , Lin Pei‐Hsuan , Hsu Chuan‐Jen , Chen Pei‐Lung , Wu Chen‐Chi , Hsu Jacob Shujui
Published: November 2022

Background

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a hereditary, genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by variable presentations of sensorineural hearing impairment and pigmentation anomalies. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of WS in detail and determine the genetic causes of patients with clinically suspected WS.

Methods

A total of 24 patients from 21 Han‐Taiwanese families were enrolled and underwent comprehensive physical and audiological examinations. We applied targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to investigate the potential causative variants in these patients and further validated the candidate variants through Sanger sequencing.

Results

We identified 19 causative variants of WS in our cohort. Of these variants, nine were novel and discovered in PAX3, SOX10, EDNRB, and MITF genes, including missense, nonsense, deletion, and splice site variants. Several patients presented with skeletal deformities, hypotonia, megacolon, and neurological disorders that were rarely seen in WS.

Conclusion

This study revealed highly phenotypic variability in Taiwanese WS patients and demonstrated that targeted NGS allowed us to clarify the genetic diagnosis and extend the genetic variant spectrum of WS.
Experimentally Validated Novel Factor XIIa Inhibitors Identified by Docking and Quantum Chemical Post‐processing
Authors: Ilin Ivan , Podoplelova Nadezhda , Sulimov Alexey , Kutov Danil , Tashchilova Anna , Panteleev Mikhail , Shikhaliev Khidmet , Krysin Mikhail , Stolpovskaya Nadezhda , Potapov Andrey , Sulimov Vladimir
Published: November 2022

Antithrombotic agents based on factor XIIa inhibitors can become a new class of drugs to manage conditions associated with thrombosis. Herein, we report identification of two novel classes of factor XIIa inhibitors. The first one is triazolopyrimidine derivatives designed on the basis of the literature aminotriazole hit and identified using virtual screening of the focused library. The second class is a spirocyclic furo[3,4‐c]pyrrole derivatives identified by virtual screening of a large chemical library of drug‐like compounds performed in a previous study but confirmed in vitro here. In both cases, the prediction of inhibitory activity is based on the score of the SOL docking program, which uses the MMFF94 force field to calculate the binding energy. For the best ligands selected in virtual screening of the large chemical library, postprocessing with the PM7 semiempirical quantum‐chemical method was used to calculate the enthalpy of protein‐ligand binding to prioritize 16 compounds for testing in enzymatic assay, and one of them demonstrated micromolar activity. For triazolopyrimidine library, 21 compounds were prioritized for the testing based on docking scores, and visual inspection of docking poses. Of these, 4 compounds showed inhibition of factor XIIa at 30 μM.
Exploring the factors relating to academic resilience among students with socioeconomic disadvantages: Factors from individual, school, and family domains
Authors: Cui Tianxue , Kam Chester Chun Seng , Cheng Emily Hongzhen , Liu Qimeng
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to explore factors related to academic success (resilience) for students with socioeconomic disadvantages (SED) from the individual, school, and family domains. We also compared such factors with the results for students with socioeconomic advantages (SEA). A sample of 1767 eighth‐graders (851 students with SEA and 916 students with SED) from a city in northern China completed the questionnaires online. We found that (a) the common factors related to academic success for students with SED and SEA are high educational expectations, intrinsic motivation, positive parent−child relationships, and schools with high socioeconomic status; and (b) the unique factors for students with SED (but not SEA) are appropriate parental involvement with more concern in daily life but less concern in study and close peer relationships. Findings highlight social support as a protective factor against academic failure, especially among students from low‐income families.
The shift in the laminar‐to‐turbulent transition flow mode in atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Mohamed Abdel‐Aleam H. , Fadhlalmawla Sahar A. , Almarashi Jamal Q. M.
Published: November 2022

Nonthermal equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jet gained great interest due to its multidisciplinary applications. This work is focused on studying the characteristics of an argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet and the laminar‐to‐turbulent flow mode transition. By increasing the applied voltage from 10 to 25 kV, the plasma can run in four operational modes depending on the number of current pulses per half a cycle of the applied voltage. The plasma jet gas temperature increases from 310 to 370 K and the laminar‐to‐turbulent transition value shifts toward lower flow rate values from 3.75 to 2.6 slpm as a result of increasing the applied voltage. A clear border between the laminar and the turbulent regions has been resolved at different applied voltages and flow rates at a fixed applied frequency of 24 kHz.
Carbon allocation in cassava is affected by water deficit and potassium application – A 13C‐CO2 pulse labelling assessment
Authors: Van Laere Jonas , Willemen Annemie , De Bauw Pieterjan , Hood‐Nowotny Rebecca , Merckx Roel , Dercon Gerd
Published: November 2022

Rationale

Cassava production faces challenges in a changing climate. Pulse labelling cassava with 13C‐CO2 has the potential to elucidate carbon allocation mechanisms of cassava under drought stress and with potassium application. Understanding these mechanisms could guide efforts to mitigate effects of drought in cassava cropping systems.

Methods

Forty‐eight cassava plants received a nutrient solution high or low in potassium. Water deficit was imposed on half of the plants at bulk root initiation stage, after which they were labelled for 8 h with 13C‐CO2 in a 15 m3 growth chamber. Plants were harvested 8 h, 9 days and 24 days after labelling, and separated into leaves, stems and roots. δ13C values of the different parts were measured using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, from which 13C excess was calculated.

Results

Water deficit decreased transpiration (P < 0.001) and increased carbon respiration (P < 0.05). Potassium application increased assimilate distribution to the roots (P < 0.05) at 9 days after labelling, more strongly for plants under water deficit. The opposite was found at 24 days (P < 0.05) with the legacy of water deficit additionally increasing assimilate distribution to roots (P < 0.05). Youngest, fully expanded leaves contained up to 47% of initial 13C excess at 24 days after labelling.

Conclusions

Pulse labelling proved to be successful in shedding light on carbon allocation in relation to water and potassium availability. This technique, once adapted to field conditions, could further be used to improve fertilizer recommendations or change agronomic practices to cope with plant stress.
Using Construction‐Integration Theory to Interpret Reading Comprehension Instruction for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Prykanowski Debra A. , Koppenhaver David A.
Published: November 2022

More than 800,000 students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are served in U.S. public schools, a number that has increased annually for almost 20 years since Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) included ASD as an eligibility category. These students often experience widespread and persistent reading comprehension challenges. A systematic review and meta‐analysis, anchored in a construction‐integration model of reading comprehension, was undertaken to examine single‐subject research design (SSRD) and group design studies aimed at remediating reading comprehension challenges in students with ASD. Reading comprehension instruction was operationalized by surface, textbase, and situation model levels. Random effect modeling with robust standard error estimations suggested small yet statistically significant intervention effects. Situation model‐level interventions demonstrated the highest intervention effects in group design studies. Across designs, retelling and curriculum‐based question‐answering measures demonstrated larger effect sizes than cloze and norm‐referenced measures. Methodological quality analysis suggested that few individual SSRD and group studies had high design quality with large intervention effects. We concluded that reading comprehension instruction focused on the situation model level should be prioritized for students with ASD, and future studies should reduce bias in designing intervention studies.
Evaluation of Catalytic Performance of Hierarchical Zeolites in Friedel‐Crafts Fixed‐bed Alkylation
Authors: Leng Kunyue , Ren Yu , Wang Wei , Wang Ruisi , Gao Kaiye , Li Xiaolin
Published: November 2022

Friedel‐Crafts alkylation is one of the most important catalytic reactions in organic chemistry. Recently, hierarchical zeolites have exhibited superior catalytic performance in such liquid‐phase batch reactions. However, for practical application, it is of significance to evaluate their catalytic performance in Friedel‐Crafts fixed‐bed alkylation. In this work, we prepare hierarchical zeolites by post‐treatment, of which the structures are confirmed by XRD patterns and N2 adsorption‐ desorption tests. Then, a fixed‐bed reactor is employed to investigate their catalytic performance in series of benzylation reactions. The results indicate that hierarchical zeolites have superior anti‐deactivation ability in the benzylation reactions, especially when react with p‐xylene or mesitylene, the BA conversion maintained nearly 100 % in 300 min, much better than that of micropore zeolites. These results suggest that hierarchical zeolites have a potential industrial application for Friedel‐Crafts fixed‐bed alkylation than conventional zeolites.
Direct Sulfonylation of Alkenes with Sulfonyl Chlorides Employing Visible Light Photocatalyst
Authors: Hosseini‐Sarvari Mona , Keshavarz Kimia
Published: November 2022

Direct synthesis of vinyl sulfones from alkenes and sulfonyl chlorides through a visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic approach has been developed. According to our research, nano Cu2O/TiO2 was well‐established in photocatalytic processes and now it was shown to be more efficient in the mentioned reaction and also opened up new routes for photocatalysis reactions. Moreover, the semiconductors and their composites such as nano Cu2O/TiO2 surpassed commonly used ruthenium, iridium, or organic dye‐based photocatalysts, because of their economic efficiency and high efficiency in absorbing visible light. In the present study, nano Cu2O/TiO2 as a photocatalyst proceeded with the reaction at room temperature under white LED illumination and air atmosphere. High eco‐sustainability, low cost, and ease of operation are all essential characteristics of the created method.
Bubbles Templated Interconnected Porous Metallic Materials: Synthesis, Surface Modification, and their Electrocatalytic Applications for Water Splitting and Alcohols Oxidation
Authors: Arshad Farhan , Tahir Aleena , Haq Tanveer Ul , Munir Akhtar , Hussain Irshad , Sher Falak
Published: November 2022

Porous metallic foams play a vital role in a diverse range of applications including electrocatalysis, electrochemical sensing, energy conversion and storage systems. Recently, template‐free electrochemical deposition or dynamic bubbles templating techniques have been very useful to precisely control the nanostructured metallic architecture without using any additional organic or inorganic template. Dynamic hydrogen/oxygen bubbles template electrodeposited metallic foams give micro/nano porosity with controlled pores size, pores channels and surface decorated nanoparticles. In this review, we describe the uniqueness of bubble‐templating electrochemical deposition techniques, their detailed implementation towards the synthesis of novel nanostructured metallic foam, and the progress made in the field of hydrogen bubbles, oxygen bubbles, and their derived templating approaches for the development of advanced nanometallic foam and their future prospective. Some modifications of porous metallic foams by galvanic replacement, chemical/electrochemical dealloying process, annealing and decoration of metallic and non‐metallic composites on the porous metallic foam are also summarized. Moreover, the role of porous metallic foam in electrochemical water splitting and alcohol oxidation reaction by offering a short diffusion pathway and concluding remarks about the recent development and future perspective of porous foam in the frontiers of surface structure are also critically reviewed.
Fly‐Ash‐Based Hierarchical MCM‐41 Molecular Sieve as an Efficient Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal from Wastewater over a Wide pH
Authors: Zhang Huabing , Gan Simeng , Sun Houxiang , Yang Haiyan , Xie Sicai
Published: November 2022

The development of cost‐effective adsorbents with high sorption capacity and excellent renewability over a wide range of pH is essential for removal of toxic methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. The micro‐mesoporous MCM‐41 molecular sieve (M–MCM‐41) was prepared by coal fly ash (CFA). The low temperature N2 physical adsorption reveals that the prepared M–MCM‐41 has hierarchically micro‐mesoporous structure with high surface area (909.5 m2⋅g−1). As a result, M–MCM‐41 possesses superior adsorption presentation towards MB with prominently high sorption capacity of 574.7 mg⋅g−1, and rapid sorption rate of 0.29 g⋅mg−1⋅h −1 (13 fold that of CFA). Surprisingly, 95 % of the incipient adsorption capacity remains well after five cycles. More importantly, the M–MCM‐41 maintains almost the same maximum sorption capacity in the pH range of 5–9, which is close to the wastewater discharge standard (6∼9) without excessive pH adjustment. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data fit well with pseudo‐second‐order model and the Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. And the thermodynamic investigations show that the adsorption behavior is spontaneous and exothermic. The M–MCM‐41 has well‐defined micro‐mesoporous porosity and could be used as an effective adsorbent to remove MB from wastewater. This work provides a new sight for the solid waste resource utilization, which is beneficial to the development of recycling economy.
Application of P‐Bridged Biaryl Phosphines in Pd‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation Reactions
Authors: Shandu Malibongwe P. , Lamola Jairus L. , Holzapfel Cedric W. , Maumela Munaka Christopher , Moshapo Paseka T.
Published: November 2022

The use of catalysts derived from Pd2(dba)3 and phosphatrioxa‐adamantane framework (Cg) has been demonstrated to facilitate the effective alpha(α)‐arylation of ketones using a diverse array of aryl halides under mild reaction conditions (40 °C–80 °C). The evaluation of phosphines with dissimilar stereoelectronic properties revealed the pivotal role of fine‐tuning the ligand's steric bulk. In particular, catalysts based on the Cg‐biphenyl ligand (1) proved efficient for facile α‐arylation of electronically and sterically diverse aryl bromides and chlorides.
New Folding 2D‐Layered Nitro‐Oxygenated Carbon Containing Ultra High‐Loading Copper Single Atoms
Authors: Butburee Teera , Ponchai Jitprabhat , Meeporn Keerati , Phawa Chaiyasit , Chakthranont Pongkarn , Khemthong Pongtanawat , Mano Poobodin , Namuangruk Supawadee , Chinsirikul Wannee , Faungnawakij Kajornsak , Zhao Xiaoxu , Pennycook Stephen
Published: November 2022

The discoveries of 2D nanomaterials have made huge impacts on the scientific community. Their unique properties unlock new technologies and bring significant advances to diverse applications. Herein, an unprecedented 2D‐stacked material consisting of copper (Cu) on nitro‐oxygenated carbon is disclosed. Unlike any known 2D stacked structures that are usually constructed by stacking of separate 2D layers, this material forms a continuously folded 2D‐stacked structure. Interestingly, advanced characterizations indicate that Cu atoms inside the structure are in an atomically‐dispersed form with extraordinarily high Cu loading up to 15.9 ± 1.2 wt.%, which is among the highest reported metal loading for single‐atom catalysts on 2D supports. Facile exfoliation results in thin 2D nanosheets that maximize the exposure of the unique active sites (two neighboring Cu single atoms), leading to impressive catalytic performance, as demonstrated in the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction.
Revealing Resistive Switching Mechanism in CaFeOx Perovskite System with Electroforming‐Free and Reset Voltage‐Controlled Multilevel Resistance Characteristics
Authors: Lo Hung‐Yang , Huang Chun‐Wei , Chiu Chun‐Chien , Chen Jui‐Yuan , Shen Fang‐Chun , Wang Che‐Hung , Chen Yen‐Jung , Wang Chien‐Hua , Yang Jan‐Chi , Wu Wen‐Wei
Published: November 2022

Recently, perovskite (PV) oxides with ABO3 structures have attracted considerable interest from scientists owing to their functionality. In this study, CaFeOx is introduced to reveal the resistive switching properties and mechanism of oxygen vacancy transition in PV and brownmillerite (BM) structures. BM‐CaFeO2.5 is grown on an Nb‐STO conductive substrate epitaxially. CaFeOx exhibits excellent endurance and reliability. In addition, the CaFeOx also demonstrates an electroforming‐free characteristic and multilevel resistance properties. To construct the switching mechanism, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to observe the topotactic phase change in CaFeOx. In addition, scanning TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy show the structural evolution and valence state variation of CaFeOx after the switching behavior. This study not only reveals the switching mechanism of CaFeOx, but also provides a PV oxide option for the dielectric material in resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) devices.
Hollow NiCoP Nanoprisms Derived from Prussian Blue Analogues as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Urea‐Assisted Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Media
Authors: Ding Xueda , Pei Lishun , Huang Yuxin , Chen Dongyang , Xie Zailai
Published: November 2022

Integrating the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is an energy‐saving approach for electrolytic H2 production. Here, hollow NiCoP nanoprisms are derived from Prussian blue analogues by a combined self‐template coordination reaction and gas‐phase phosphorization strategy. Benefiting from the strong electron interaction, unique hollow nanostructure, and enhanced mass/charge transfer, NiCoP nanoprisms display outstanding alkaline HER and UOR performance. Specifically, low potentials of −0.052, −0.115, and −0.159 V for HER and ultralow potentials of 1.30, 1.36, and 1.42 V for UOR at current densities of 10, 50, and 100 mA cm−2 are obtained. Moreover, in a urea‐assisted water electrolysis system, NiCoP nanoprisms only require cell voltages of 1.36, 1.49, and 1.57 V to offer current densities of 10, 50, and 100 mA cm−2, about 170, 180, and 200 mV less than the traditional water electrolysis. Theoretical calculations indicate the Co substitution in Ni2P promotes the adsorption and dissociation of water molecules, optimizes the desorption energy of active hydrogen atoms, and enhances the adsorption of urea molecules, thus accelerating the kinetics of HER and UOR. This work facilitates the application of hollow bimetallic phosphides in electrochemical preparation of clean energy and provides a successful paradigm for urea‐rich wastewater electrolysis.
NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Oxygen Self‐Sufficient Nano‐Platform for Precise Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Wenling , Xin Huan , Zhang Ya'nan , Feng Chun , Li Qingdong , Kong Dexin , Sun Zefeng , Xu Zhaowei , Xiao Jianmin , Tian Geng , Zhang Guilong , Liu Lu
Published: November 2022

Tumor hypoxia and systemic toxicity seriously affect the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and are considered as the “Achilles’ heel” of PDT. Herein, to combat such limitations, an intelligent orthogonal emissions LDNP@SiO2‐CaO2 and folic acid‐polyethylene glycol‐Ce6 nanodrug is rationally designed and fabricated not only for relieving the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance PDT efficacy, but also for determining the optimal triggering time through second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging. The designed nanodrug continuously releases a large amount of O2, H2O2, and Ca2+ ions when exposed to the acidic TME. Meanwhile, under downshifting NIR‐II bioimaging guidance, chlorine e6 (Ce6) consumes oxygen to produce 1O2 upon excitation of upconversion photon. Moreover, cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium overload can induce mitochondria injury and thus enhance the oxidative stress in tumor cells. As a result, the NIR‐II bioimaging guided TME‐responsive oxygen self‐sufficient PDT nanosystem presents enhanced anti‐tumor efficacy without obvious systemic toxicity. Thus, the fabricated nanodrug offers great potential for designing an accurate cancer theranostic system.
Evaluation of Phosphorus Enrichment Capacity of CaO–SiO2–FeO–MgO–MnO–P2O5–Al2O3 Dephosphorization Slag Based on Ion‐Molecule Coexistence Theory
Authors: Sun Han , Yang Jian , Yang Wenkui , Zhang Runhao
Published: November 2022

Herein, the phosphorus enrichment capacity of CaO–SiO2–FeO–MgO–MnO–P2O5–Al2O3 dephosphorization slag is studied based on ion‐molecule coexistence theory (IMCT) and industrial experiment. The equilibrium mass percentages of structural units in dephosphorization slag have different degrees of linear relationship with the corresponding mass action concentrations N

i
. The calcium phosphate in dephosphorization slag has the greatest contribution to phosphorus distribution ratio and phosphate capacity, up to 99.99%, in which 3CaO·P2O5 has about 94.97%. Compared with the other 23 phosphorus distribution ratio and 7 phosphate capacity empirical models, IMCT model can accurately predict the phosphorus distribution ratio with the lowest average relative error of 3.70% and the second lowest standard deviation of 2.34%, and phosphate capacity with the lowest average relative error of 0.80% and the lowest standard deviation of 0.52%. At 1620–1640 °C, with increasing phosphorus enrichment contribution ratio of 2CaO·SiO2 in slag, the dephosphorization capacity of slag is greatly improved. The change trends of phosphorus enrichment capacity evaluation indexes of slag calculated based on IMCT are well consistent with the change trend of dephosphorization ratio of molten steel, indicating the IMCT calculation results can correctly predict the phosphorus enrichment capacity of dephosphorization slag in converter dephosphorization process.
Buckling resistance of longitudinally stiffened panels with closed stiffeners under direct longitudinal stresses
Authors: Pourostad Vahid , Kuhlmann Ulrike
Published: November 2022

The buckling behaviour of panels may be determined according to EN 1993‐1‐5 [1]. Most of the design rules relating to stiffened panels in EN 1993‐1‐5 were derived on the basis of open‐section stiffeners. Several recent investigations have shown that the application of the design rules according to EN 1993‐1‐5 considering the torsional stiffness of the stiffeners may overestimate the resistance of the panels. Therefore, the recent Amendment A2 to EN 1993‐1‐5 states that the torsional stiffness of stiffeners should generally be neglected in determining critical plate buckling stresses. In addition, prEN 1993‐1‐5 [2] provides rules for considering the torsional stiffness of stiffeners. However, in this article it is shown that even the rules of prEN 1993‐1‐5 are not sufficient to overcome the safety deficiencies. The article focuses on the investigation of the buckling behaviour of stiffened panels with closed‐section stiffeners subjected to constant longitudinal compression stresses. Improved rules have been developed that allow to consider the torsional stiffness of the stiffeners. Based on an extensive numerical parametric study, a new interpolation equation between column‐ and plate‐like behaviour is proposed. In comparison to [3], the investigations have been extended to the effective width method. They show that the proposal provides a safe and economic solution for the reduced stress method and the effective width method when considering the torsional stiffness of stiffeners by calculating the critical plate buckling stresses.