bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NİŞANLANMANIN SONA ERMESİ VE SONUÇLARI
Authors: Özen Arslan Damla
Published: May 2022

Nişanlanma; birbiriyle evlenme isteği olan ayrı cinsten iki kişinin bu konudaki iradelerini karşılıklı olarak açıklamalarını ifade eder. Nişanlılık, nişanlı tarafların evlenmesi ile sona erebileceği gibi farklı sebeplerle de sona erebilir. Bu sebepler; nişanlılardan birinin veyahut ikisinin de bir başkası ile evlenmesi, nişanlılardan birinin ölümü ya da gaipliğine karar verilmesi, tarafların nişanı sona erdirme hususunda anlaşmaları, nişanlılardan birinin tek taraflı olarak nişanı bozması, kesin bir evlenme engelinin ortaya çıkması veya evlenmenin imkânsız hale gelmesi, bozucu şartın gerçekleşmesi ve iradede bozukluk meydana getiren birtakım hallerinin varlığıdır. TMK’ nın 118 vd maddelerinde düzenlenen “nişanlılık” kurumu nişanlı taraflara evlenmeye zorlamak için dava hakkı vermez. Dolayısıyla taraflardan birinin kusuruna dayalı olarak nişanın sona ermesi ya da nişanın tek taraflı olarak sona erdirilmesi halinde; nişanı haklı bir sebebe dayanmadan sona erdiren ya da nişanın sona ermesinde kusurlu olan tarafının maddi ve manevi tazminat ödemesi söz konusu olabilir. Yine nişanlılığın evlilik dışında herhangi bir sebeple sona ermesi halinde nişan hediyelerinin iade edilmesi talep edilebilir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle nişanlılık kavramı ve bu kavramın hukuki niteliği, nişanlanmanın koşulları ile hüküm ve sonuçlarına ilişkin inceleme yapılmıştır. Devamında makalemizin asıl konusu olan nişanlılığın sona erme halleri ile bu sona erme hallerine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan maddi tazminat, manevi tazminat ile hediyelerin iadesi konusu incelenmiştir.
TRAMPA YOLU İLE KAMULAŞTIRMA
Authors: Küçük Füsun Ceren
Published: May 2022

İdarelerin tek yanlı iradeleri ile özel mülkiyette bulunan taşınmazları kamulaştırmaları karşılığında taşınmaz sahiplerine kural olarak taşınmazların bedellerini nakden ve peşin olarak ödemeleri gerekmektedir. Ancak taşınmaz sahiplerinin kabul etmesi halinde trampa yolu ile kamulaştırma yapılması da mümkündür. 2942 sayılı Kamulaştırma Kanunu’nun 26. maddesinde trampa yolu ile kamulaştırma için gereken şartlar sayılmıştır. Buna göre idarenin vereceği taşınmaz malın değeri, kamulaştırma bedelinin yüzde yüz yirmisini aşamayacaktır. Buna rağmen kamulaştırma bedelinin, idarenin vereceği taşınmaz mal değerinden ne kadar fazla olması gerektiğine dair Kanun’da açık bir belirmeye yer verilmemiştir. Trampa yolu ile kamulaştırma açısından tartışmaya değer bir başka konu ise, trampa yolu ile kamulaştırma sonucunda idarenin kamulaştırma devir ve amacına uygun hiçbir işlem, tesisat yapmaması veya taşınmaz malı olduğu gibi bırakması hallerinde mal sahibinin taşınmazını geri alması için gereken şartların neler olduğu hususudur. Kanunda geri alma konusunda trampa yolu ile kamulaştırma özelinde bir düzenlemeye yer verilmemesinin uygulamada farklı sonuçlara yol açabileceği düşüncesinden hareketle bu konuda ihtimaller dahilinde değerlendirme yapılması gerekir. Bu doğrultuda trampa yolu ile kamulaştırma öğretiden görüşler ve yargı kararları ışığında ele alınmıştır.
VERGİ YARGISININ BİRLEŞTİRME YASAĞINI İHLÂL İLE SERİ DAVA İNŞASI (DANIŞTAY 7. DAİRESİ’NİN VEKÂLET ÜCRETİ KISITLAMASININ YERLEŞİK HALE GELMESİ)
Authors: Pınar Burak
Published: May 2022

Yargılama faaliyetleri içerisinde yargılama giderleri ve vekalet ücreti hem miktar hem de aidiyet açısından önemli yer tutmaktadır. Yargılama giderlerine ilişkin önemli yargılama ilkelerinden biri de usul ekonomisi ilkesidir. Bu ilke yargılamanın basit ve ucuz şekilde ilerlemesini ve sonuçlanmasını amaçlayan bir ilkedir. Ancak söz konusu ucuzluk ilkesinin geniş yorumlanması sonucunda avukatın emek ve çabasının da göz ardı edilmesi yargılama faaliyetlerinin amacı ile bağdaşmamaktadır. İdari işlemlere yönelik açılan iptal davalarında hukuka aykırı olduğu düşünülen birden fazla idari işlem olabileceği gibi bu işlemlere ilişkin davaların hangi şartlarda ve nasıl açılacağı da sorun teşkil etmektedir.

2577 sayılı İdari Yargılama Usulü Kanunu’nun 5’inci maddesinde davacı tarafa kural olarak her idari işleme karşı ayrı dava açma hakkı tanınmıştır. Kanunda ön görülen bu hak ile birlikte usul ekonomisi ilkesi değerlendirildiğinde karşımıza sorunlar çıkmaktadır . Özellikle diğer düzenlemelere göre görece yeni kabul edilmesi gereken Avukatlık Asgari Ücret Tarifesinde yer alan seri davalara ilişkin düzenleme de uygulama açısından sorunlar oluşturabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan Danıştay 7’nci Daire kararı da davacı tarafa tanınan hak, avukatın emek ve çabası ile usul ekonomisinin yorumlanması yönünden farklı değerlendirmelere yer verilmiştir.

Çalışmada vekalet ücreti, usul ekonomisi, bağlantılı ve seri dava ayrımına ilişkin genel bilgilere yer verildikten sonra inceleme konusu kararda yer alan idari işlemlere ve birden fazla idari işleme karşı açılan davalardan avukatlık vekalet ücretine hükmedilmesine ilişkin sorunlar üzerinde durmaya çalışılacaktır.
EURASIAN INTEGRATION IN THE FOCUS OF FOREIGN POLICY OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Auzhanova Assel
Published: May 2022

Last year our country celebrated the 30th anniversary of its independence. For many years, Kazakhstan has managed to achieve success not only in building its own statehood, but also to develop an effective model of foreign policy based on pragmatism and national interests. The Kazakh direction of public diplomacy is developing very dynamically. At the beginning of the second decade of the XXIt century, the idea of Eurasian integration plays a significant role in the Eurasian economic region. It has proven its historical significance as a path to the prosperity and well-being of countries and peoples.
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AS MEANS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Authors: Altybaeva Moldir , Kurmambayeva Zhuldyz
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the use of modern technologies of teaching foreign language in high school. The problem of intensification of teaching foreign languages has been considered, modern methods and training technologies have been characterized, guidelines on the use of various methods and techniques have been offered depending on the purpose, content and stage of learning a foreign language in high school.
ЛЮДИНОЦЕНТРИЗМ ЯК ОСВІТНЯ ДОМІНАНТА ІНДИВІДУАЛІЗАЦІЇ СУЧАСНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Алєксєєва Світлана
Published: May 2022

У статті розкрито суть поняття людиноцентризму як філософії гуманістично орієнтованого підходу та орієнтирів побудови, функціонування й розвитку соціальних інститутів, зокрема національної системи освіти. Констатовано, що головним напрямом державної політики в сфері освіти проголошено особистісно-орієнтовану її модель, призначення якої – розширення можливостей компетентного вибору дитиною життєвого шляху та її саморозвиток. Доведено, що одним з шляхів реалізації людиноцентрованої освіти є індивідуалізація, зокрема, це поняття конгруентне суті та змісту особистісно орієнтованої освіти. обґрунтовано, що індивідуалізація навчання є стратегією розвитку сучасної загальної освіти, що спрямована на дієву увагу до кожного учня, його творчої індивідуальності. Визначено, що метою такої індивідуалізації навчання є формування й розвиток особистісних цінностей учнів, їх підтримка та захист, забезпечення механізмів самореалізації, саморозвитку, саморефлексії, саморегуляції, самозахисту, самоосвіти та самовиховання, необхідних для становлення самобутнього особистісного Я-образу, створення оптимальних умов для становлення особистості як суб'єкта діяльності та суспільних відносин.
СКЛАДНИКИ ТА ЕЛЕМЕНТИ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ
Authors: Бугаєвська Юлія
Published: May 2022

У статті відзначається, що формування корпоративної культури пов’язане із докладанням цілеспрямованих зусиль щодо підвищення ефективності групової діяльності, реалізацією місії організації через засвоєння її працівниками визначених професійних цінностей, норм поведінки, ідеалів, стратегій розвитку корпорації та шляхів їх реалізації. Успішність формування корпоративної культури майбутніх фахівців автомобільно-дорожньої галузі у процесі професійної підготовки забезпечується науково обґрунтованою технологією, що включає певні структурні елементи.
СОНЕТ АНДРЕАСА ГРІФІУСА “СЛЬОЗИ ВІТЧИЗНИ. АННО 1636” В УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯХ
Authors: Мойсієнко Анатолій
Published: May 2022

Стаття присвячена питанням перекладу поетичного тексту, зокрема особливостям українськомовної інтерпретації сонета А. Гріфіуса “Сльози Вітчизни. Анно 1636”, здійсненої Ігорем Качуровським, Дмитром Павличком та Олегом Жупанським.
THE PEARL OF DEMOCRACY OF THE EAST - PARLIAMENT OF THE AZERBAIJAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Authors: Ismayilova Aygun , Bashirli Nubar , Azimov Soltan
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the first democratic state of the East and the Turkic-Muslim world. The ADR parliament, the world's first democratic state institution, was formed in difficult domestic and foreign political conditions. Nevertheless, it was based on democratic principles and remained true to these ideas until the Bolshevik occupation. Here information is given about the establishment of the parliament, its activities and composition. The parliament recognized the right of all nations living in the territory of the ADR to be represented. The parliament has placed a small number of national minorities. It is clear from all this information that all the rights and freedoms of the country's citizens have been ensured in the ADR parliament.
ABOUT THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THERMOVISCOELASTIC AND THERMOVISCOELASTOPLASTIC DEFORMATION PROCESSES
Authors: Viorica Marina
Published: May 2022

The concept of the loading surface, which is fundamental in flow theories, is at the same time the most vulnerable point of these theories. Within the framework of the representation of microheterogeneous materials in the form of an infinite number of kinematically interconnected subelements with different properties, the boundary between reversible and irreversible behavior becomes conditional. It is shown that the duration of the reversible state with respect to deformation is determined not by the thermoviscoelastic, but by the thermoviscoplastic properties of the material.
ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫЕ КОНТАКТОРЫ
Authors: Убайдуллаев Уткиржон , Ахмедов Шахбоз
Published: May 2022

В статье рассматриваются принципы действия и устройство классических (якорных) электромагнитных контакторов. Дается классификация таких контакторов, в том числе классификация и основные технические характеристики их наиболее многономенклатурной и массовой слаботочной разновидности.
METHOD OF CONVERTING Z-NUMBER TO CLASSIC FUZZY NUMBER
Authors: Muhamediyeva Dilnoz , Tagbayev Baxtiyor
Published: May 2022

Human beings have an amazing ability to make intelligent decisions based on inaccurate, unclear, or incomplete information. Forming such an opportunity is, in a sense, a difficult task. The proposed concept provides great opportunities for describing human knowledge and can be used in decision making in the process of working with fuzzy information. This article shows that the issue of converting a Z-number into a classical fuzzy number is very relevant. The article also presents a method for converting a Z-number to a fuzzy number using classical fuzzy set theory.
POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONALITY IN THE KAZAKHSTAN INFORMATION SPACE
Authors:   Kazakh National Women's Pedagogical University, Aksakalova M.K.
Published: May 2022

The article on the materials of Kazakhstan examines the issues of political socialization of the individual in the information space and communication processes that are not yet sufficiently studied in the socio-political sciences. Political socialization of a person is considered as an active reproduction of political experience, a certain system of norms, values and attitudes of political activity and political relations. Political socialization of a person is always a two-way communication process in which a person experiences the influence of various kinds of political entities and it self affects others.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL POLICY IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National pedagogical university, Kazakhstan, Kabayeva Zh.A.
Published: May 2022

Kazakhstan is a socially oriented state, which had and has clear vectors of the strategic orientation of its development - this is first to get into the top 50, and then to the top 30 developed countries of the world. The country's development in this direction has made it possible to achieve certain results in the economic, political and social spheres.
INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS IN FAMILY: A THEORETICAL REVIEW
Authors:   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Saparova N.B. , Alimbekova G.T. ,   Director of Center for Study of Public Opinion, Kazakhstan, Almaty
Published: May 2022

This article discusses and analyzes the theory of generations and intergenerational relations. Intergenerational relations become an object for interdisciplinary study, especially in sociological science, because of the rapid changes which are taking place in society. The researching of representatives of different generations is necessary to study the trends of progress in society. Generation are interrelated. Every previous generation shapes the present generation, and the present generation shapes the future generation. The analysis of generations introduces new theoretical aspects in the study of the processes of historical development in the social area.
TABOO IN THE STRUCTURE OF RADICAL MONOTHEISTIC HABITUS
Authors:   Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Karimova G.K. , Seidumanov C.T. ,   Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: May 2022

The aim of this work was to analyze the relationships between the process of implementing the of radical monotheism principle and the group taboos formed on its basis and habitus of radical monotheistic system. In this article, habitus of radical monotheistic system is considered as a structure that generates a potentially conflicting discourse in the online space and starts the self-radicalization process of potential recruits for “jihad of lone wolf”. The radical ideological content presented in the online space reflects the implementation of davaat and jihad strategies and it aims to dissemination of radical monotheism principle on a global scale.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION POLICY: BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Ilyina Е.М.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to identify and to conduct a SWOT analysis of the peculiarities and political and administrative potential of blockchain technology in a chronological perspective and at the present stage of digital transformation. The wide range of topical issues that require additional research efforts precisely from political science positions in the context of implementing of Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 8 "On the Development of the Digital Economy" is remained.
Evolution of source attributed organic aerosols and gases in a megacity of central China
Authors: Li Siyuan , Liu Dantong , Kong Shaofei , Wu Yangzhou , Hu Kang , Zheng Huang , Cheng Yi , Zheng Shurui , Jiang Xiaotong , Ding Shuo , Hu Dawei , Liu Quan , Tian Ping , Zhao Delong , Sheng Jiujiang
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The secondary production of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) impacts air quality, climate, and human health. The importance of various sources in contributing to the OOA loading and associated different ageing mechanisms remains to be elucidated. Here we present a concurrent observation and factorization analysis on the mass spectra of
organic aerosol (OA) by a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer in Wuhan, a megacity in central China, during autumn. The full mass spectra of organics with two principle anthropogenic sources were identified as the traffic and cooking sources, for their primary emission profiles in aerosol and gas phases, the evolutions, and their respective roles in producing OOA and secondary VOCs. Primary emissions in gas and aerosol phases both contributed to the production of OOA. The photooxidation of traffic sources from the morning rush hour caused a 2.5 fold increase in OOA
mass in a higher oxidation state (oxygen-to-carbon ratio as O/C =0.72), co-producing gas phase carboxylic acids, while, at night, cooking aerosols and VOCs (particularly acrolein and hexanal) importantly caused the nocturnal
formation of oxygenated intermediate VOCs, increasing OOA mass by a factor of 1.7 (O/C =0.42). The daytime and nighttime formation of secondary aerosols, as contributed by different sources, was found to be modulated by solar radiation and air moisture, respectively. The environmental policy should, therefore, consider the primary emissions and their respective ageing mechanisms influenced by meteorological conditions.
A phase separation inlet for droplets, ice residuals, and interstitial aerosol particles
Authors: Koolik Libby , Roesch Michael , Dameto de Espana Carmen , Rapp Christopher Nathan , Franco Deloya Lesly J. , Shen Chuanyang , Hallar A. Gannet , McCubbin Ian B. , Cziczo Daniel J.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. A new inlet for studying the aerosol particles and
hydrometeor residuals that compose mixed-phase clouds – the phaSe
seParation Inlet for Droplets icE residuals and inteRstitial aerosol
particles (SPIDER) – is described here. SPIDER combines a large pumped
counterflow virtual impactor (L-PCVI), a flow tube evaporation chamber, and
a pumped counterflow virtual impactor (PCVI) to separate droplets, ice
crystals (∼3–25 µm), and interstitial aerosol
particles for simultaneous sampling. Laboratory verification tests of each
individual component and the composite SPIDER system were conducted.
Transmission efficiency, evaporation, and ice crystals' survival were
determined to show the capability of the system. The experiments show the
SPIDER system can separate distinct cloud elements and interstitial aerosol
particles for subsequent analysis. As a field instrument, SPIDER will help
explore the properties of different cloud elements and interstitial aerosol
particles in mixed-phase clouds.
Intra-skeletal variability in phosphate oxygen isotope composition reveals regional heterothermies in marine vertebrates
Authors: Séon Nicolas , Amiot Romain , Suan Guillaume , Lécuyer Christophe , Fourel François , Demaret Fabien , Vinçon-Laugier Arnauld , Charbonnier Sylvain , Vincent Peggy
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Strategies used by marine vertebrates to regulate their
body temperature can result in local variations, and the knowledge of these
regional heterothermies is crucial for better understanding the
thermophysiologies of extant and extinct organisms. In order to investigate
regional heterothermies in vertebrates, we analysed the oxygen isotope
composition of phosphatic skeletal elements (δ18Op) of two
endothermic fishes (Thunnus thynnus and Xiphias gladius) and three dolphins (two Delphinus delphis delphis and one Cephalorhynchus commersonii kerguelensis). We observed a
consistent link between δ18Op variations and temperature
heterogeneities recorded by classical methods. Our δ18Op
data indicate that: (i) bone hydroxylapatite of the axial skeleton of
dolphins mineralise at a warmer temperature than that of the appendicular
one, (ii) the skull is the warmest body region in X. gladius, and (iii) T. thynnus possesses
high body temperature in the skull and visceral mass region. These results
demonstrate the possibility of tracking regional heterothermies in extant
marine vertebrates using the δ18Op, paving the way to
direct assessment of thermophysiological specificities of both living and
extinct vertebrates. From a palaeoenvironmental perspective, the significant
observed δ18Op variability questions the use of some taxa
or random skeletal elements for the reconstruction of palaeoceanographic
parameters such as seawater temperature and δ18O.
Pore network modeling as a new tool for determining gas diffusivity in peat
Authors: Kiuru Petri , Palviainen Marjo , Marchionne Arianna , Grönholm Tiia , Raivonen Maarit , Kohl Lukas , Laurén Annamari
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Peatlands are globally significant carbon stocks and may become major sources of greenhouse gasses (GHG) carbon dioxide and methane in changing climate and under anthropogenic management pressure. Diffusion is the dominant gas transport mechanism in peat, and therefore, a proper knowledge of the soil gas diffusion coefficient is important for the estimation of GHG emissions from peatlands. Pore network modeling (PNM) is a potential tool for the determination of gas diffusivity in peat, as it explicitly connects the peat microstructure and the characteristics of the peat pore network to macroscopic gas transport properties. In the present work, we extracted macropore networks from three-dimensional X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) images of peat samples and simulated gas diffusion along the networks using PNM. These results were compared to soil gas diffusion coefficients determined from the same samples in the laboratory using the diffusion chamber method. The measurements and simulations were conducted for peat samples from three depths. The soil gas diffusion coefficients were determined under varying water contents adjusted in a pressure plate apparatus. We also assessed the applicability of commonly used gas diffusivity models to peat. The laboratory measurements showed a decrease in gas diffusivity with depth due to a decrease in air-filled porosity and pore space connectivity. However, gas diffusivity remained relatively high close to saturation, which may indicate that the structure of the macropore network is such that it enables the presence of connected diffusion pathways through the peat matrix even in wet conditions. The gas diffusivity models were not very successful in predicting the soil gas diffusion coefficient. This may indicate that the microstructure of peat differs considerably from the structure of mineral soils and other kinds of porous materials, for which the models have been constructed and calibrated. By contrast, the pore network simulations reproduced the laboratory-determined soil gas diffusion coefficients rather well. Thus, the combination of the µCT and PNM methods may offer a promising alternative to the traditional estimation of soil gas diffusivity through laboratory measurements.
Machine learning-based downscaling of modelled climate change impacts on groundwater table depth
Authors: Schneider Raphael , Koch Julian , Troldborg Lars , Henriksen Hans Jørgen , Stisen Simon
Published: May 2022

Abstract. There is an urgent demand for assessments of climate change impact on the hydrological cycle at high spatialresolution. In particular, the impacts on shallow groundwater levels, which can lead to both flooding and drought, havemajor implications for agriculture, adaptation and urban planning. Predicting such hydrological impacts is typicallyperformed using physically-based hydrological models. However, such models are computationally expensive, especially athigh spatial resolutions. This study is based on the Danish national groundwater model, setup as a distributed, integrated surface-subsurface model at500 m horizontal resolution. Recently, a version at a higher resolution of 100 m was created; amongst others, to betterrepresent the uppermost groundwater table and to meet end user demands for water management and climate adaptation. Theincrease in resolution of the hydrological model, however, also increases computational bottleneck. To evaluate climatechange impact, a large ensemble of climate models was run with the 500 m hydrological model, while performing the sameensemble run with the 100 m resolution nation-wide model was deemed infeasible. The desired outputs at 100 m resolutionwere produced by developing a novel, hybrid downscaling method based on machine learning. Hydrological models for five subcatchments, covering around 9 % of Denmark and selected to represent a range ofhydrogeological settings, were run at 100 m resolution with forcings from a reduced ensemble of climate models. RandomForest algorithms were established using the simulated climate change impacts (future – present) on water table depth at 100m resolution from those submodels as training data. The trained downscaling algorithms then were applied to create nation-wide maps of climate change-induced impacts on theshallow groundwater table at 100 m resolution. These downscaled maps were successfully validated against results from avalidation submodel at 100 m resolution excluded from training the algorithms, and compared to the impact signals from the500 m hydrological model across Denmark. The suggested downscaling algorithm also opens for the spatial downscaling of other model outputs. It has the potential forfurther applications where, for example, computational limitations inhibit running distributed hydrological models at fineresolutions.
ON THE USE OF POLARIZATION CAMERAS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CONCRETE MOISTURE
Authors: Isfort S. , Maiwald F. , Mulsow C. , Maas H.-G.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. 3D concrete printing (3DCP) promises progress in the automation of the construction industry. The complexity and high quality requirements of 3DCP require automatic and digital control processes and systems that can continuously assess quality at any time and any place. In this paper, the relationship between the surface moisture of concrete and the degree of linear polarization (DolP) of light reflected from the concrete surface is investigated, which could serve as a basis for a camera-based control system. To proof this correlation, extensive practical investigations were carried out in which a mold-cast concrete specimen was illuminated with a white LED spotlight. The reflected light was recorded with a polarization camera, and the weight of the specimen served as a reference for the surface moisture. 14 experimental tests showed a high correlation between mass loss and DolP with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.994 in the last 60 minutes of the 180-minute observation period. The time series show an increasing DolP at the beginning of the observation period, which is probably due to the concrete bleeding and does not correlate with the mass loss. Further investigation into the factors influencing the DolP in the first part of the observation period needs to be carried out, either by testing influencing factors such as concrete bleeding or by finding a reliable method to measure surface moisture to correlate it with the DolP over the entire observation period. Nevertheless, the concept and methodology of data processing has been developed and prototyped, and a correlation has been demonstrated, that can provide a basis for the development of an operational camera-based concrete moisture monitoring system.
INDOOR MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEMS AND (BIM) DIGITAL MODELS FOR CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS MONITORING
Authors: Sgrenzaroli M. , Ortiz Barrientos J. , Vassena G. , Sanchez A. , Ciribini A. , Mastrolembo Ventura S. , Comai S.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Technological developments of the last decades are making possible to speed up different processes involved in construction projects. It is noticeable what building information modeling (BIM) can offer during the entire lifecycle of a project by integrating graphical and non graphical data, in addition to this, mapping the site with a 3D laser scan has been proved to provide a feasible workflow to compare as built models with as designed BIM, in this way, an automatic construction progress monitoring can also be performed. Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) are commonly used to map a construction site due the level of accuracy provided, but indoor mobile mapping systems (iMMS) could offer a more efficient approach by speeding up the acquisition time and capturing all the details of the site just by walking through it, provided that the point cloud is accurate enough for the purpose of interest. In this paper, an iMMS is used to track the progress of a construction site, the point clouds were uploaded onto a platform of autonomous construction progress monitoring to verify if the system can meet the requirements of available applications. The results showed that the iMMS used is capable to produce point clouds with a quality such that the construction progress monitoring can be performed.
RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION PERFORMANCE OF A MULTISPECTRAL CAMERA WITH A SINGLE SENSOR AND MULTIPLE HEADS
Authors: Porto L. R. , Imai N. N. , Tommaselli A. M. G. , Salvador Neto L.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Radiometric calibration of remote sensing images can be performed with many existing techniques. The selected method depends on the sensor type, application and user's prior knowledge. The main objective of this study was to analyse the radiometric calibration technique proposed by Agrowing to process the data acquired for a multispectral camera with a single sensor and multiple heads. This radiometric calibration can be done in a simple way by a regular user and just needs an image from the X- rite Classic 24, a small panel with 24 colours, under the same viewing angle as the data acquisition. The dual-head camera was used to acquire images in two illumination conditions. The non-calibrated and calibrated DN pixels values were evaluated by comparing the reflectance factor calculated from radiance measurement, acquired by a ASD spectrometer followed by a linear adjustment. The results show that in the visible bands the non-calibrated and calibrated DN have a strong correlation with ASD reflectance factor. The NIR band presents the weakest correlation, but with a slight improvement after the radiometric calibration. The red-edge band presented a larger improvement with the application of the calibration procedure.
IMPROVEMENT OF LiDAR-SLAM-BASED 3D NDT LOCALIZATION USING FAULT DETECTION AND EXCLUSION ALGORITHM
Authors: Chiu Y.-T. , Srinara S. , Tsai M.-L. , Chiang K.-W.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. To meet the autopilot demand of autonomous vehicle, higher automation level accompanies with higher consideration of safety factor to improve navigation accuracy. Moreover, it shall be stable under diverse environment, e.g., semi-open sky, urban, traffic jam, etc, where conventional navigation methods, the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), might be limited. Thus, auxiliary sensor, the light detection and ranging (LiDAR), is applied to provide additional information to assist navigation under GNSS challenging environment, and fulfil Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). To initially align the LiDAR point cloud, initial pose is generated by Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) through Loosely Coupled (LC) scheme, assisting with motion constraints, including Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT), Non-Holonomic Constraints (NHC), and Zero Integrated Heading Rate (ZIHR) function. With point cloud after initial alignment, registration method applied in this research is point to distribution based-Normal Distribution Transform (P2D-NDT), with scan to dynamic map matching. However, pure LiDAR-SLAM estimated solution remains faults in each measurement, which will propagate through computation and leads to false navigation outcome. Therefore, this paper proposed Fault Detection, Isolation, and Exclusion (FDIE) scheme to exclude the faults in each step of LiDAR-SLAM process. The final estimated solution is compared to robust reference data, the results turn out that convention navigation method work well under stable GNSS signal environment, while significant accuracy enhancement is achieved with NDT and FDE under large initial pose offset, such as GNSS signal blocked area.
LIDAR-BASED INITIAL GLOBAL LOCALIZATION USING IMPERFECT ARCHITECTURAL SKELETON INFORMATION
Authors: Luo J. , Ye Q.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Initial global localization of a mobile robotic platform is the foundation for its navigation and mapping, especially when the platform enters into unknown environments. In GNSS-denied indoor scenes, LiDAR is widely used for robot localization, especially in indoor scenes with poor lighting. In most existing LiDAR-based initial global localization methods, it is necessary to build the point cloud reference map in advance, which costs a large quantity of manpower and time. For this reason, a LiDAR-based initial global localization method using imperfect architectural skeleton information is proposed in this work. Firstly, we propose a lightweight management scheme for collected imperfect architectural information, which is convenient for efficient registration with real scans. Secondly, we extract architectural skeletons (stable man-made structures such as walls and columns) from both architectural information and real scans, and design them as line pairs feature patterns like P-LP, V-LP and C-LP. Thirdly, we propose a matrix descriptor for line pairs feature patterns description and initial matching. Finally, we construct error equations to estimate the pose by initial matching line pairs, and acquire the optimal localization results with the highest hit ratio on architectural grid map. A mobile robotic platform with the 16 beam LiDAR is experimented in typical indoor scenes such as rooms, corridors and undergrounding parking lots. Experiments show that the success rate of initial global localization reaches 80%, the average position error is about 0.10m and the running time is about 400ms per 1000 scans, which meet the requirements of indoor autonomous driving.
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL GROUND SAMPLING DISTANCE FOR MATCHING GCP CHIPS AND SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Lee Y. , Son J. , Kim T.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Many satellites for high resolution image acquisition are being developed very actively worldwide. In Korea, the Government has started a new space program, CAS (Compact Advanced Satellites), to promote image utilization and national space industry. For the successful utilization of satellite images, the geolocation accuracy of them is very important. A research has been performed for automated GCP (Ground Control Point) generation and precise sensor modelling by matching small image chips centered at GCPs against satellite images. In this study, we examined whether GCP chips at 25cm GSD created for CAS-1 images can be used for CAS-4 images at 5m GSD and, if so, whether there is an optimal GSD to improve the matching between GCP chips and CAS-4 images. Due to data availability, experiments were carried out using Kompsat-3A images at GSD of 55cm, as a replacement to CAS-1 image, and RapidEye images at GSD of 5m, as a replacement to CAS-4 images. Original satellite images were upscaled to make test images with various GSDs. GCP chips were downscaled to make their GSD identical to test images. We performed matching with the downscaled GCP chips and the test images. Experiments showed that it was possible to reuse GCP chips at 25cm GSD for satellite images at 5m GSD. When RapidEye images were upscaled to the range of 1.67m GSD (one third of the original GSD) to 1.25m GSD (one fourth), we achieved improved geolocation accuracy then matching GCP chips at the original images (5m GSD).
USING THE OPEN SKIES MULTI SENSOR SYSTEM FOR MILITARY OBSERVATION MISSIONS AND CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ciobanu D. , Kemper G. , Ilie D. , Răducanu D. , Balotă O. L.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. In this paper we aim to show the workflow and the technical systems used for Open Skies missions as well as the use of this Multi Sensor System for civil applications. While missions conducted and analyzed under the force of Open Skies Treaty is a technical and administrative one, the very complex sensor system enables various civil missions for a wide range of tasks. Especially the combination with LiDAR gives new opportunities. We describe typical Open Skies work steps besides civil tasks that need as calibration, accuracy estimations and adjusted workflows especially with the LiDAR data and different camera setups.
THE NEXT GENERATION VEXCEL IMAGING 3D CITY MODELLING USING DIRECTLY GEOREFERENCED DATA
Authors: Gruber M. , Schachinger B. , Mostafa M.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Since their first wide scale adoption after WWII, airborne cameras have continuously served the airborne mapping profession for over seven decades. During this time, they evolved to be meticulously designed, engineered, and most importantly built with the lens geometry to produce high precision mapping products. Mapping Standards have been well established around the globe for federal, state, and municipal governments with these cameras’ capabilities and limitations in mind. On the other hand, in the last two decades, service providers from around the world proved that direct georeferencing systems have been the best and most efficient approach for airborne mapping using large and medium format cameras, especially for 3D city modelling and corridor mapping applications. The state-of-the art today is thus to use a high-end large format camera or an oblique camera including a high-end mapping grade nadir image with an embedded direct georeferencing system to produce high-precision and high-resolution 3D city models without the need or expense of surveying extensive ground control points. This paper presents the results of the state-of-the-art in airborne digital mapping cameras from Vexcel that are tightly integrated with a direct georeferencing solution from Trimble Applanix. Two Flights are presented in this paper, namely: 1) Gleisdorf Calibration and Accuracy Assessment flight, and 2) Graz Map Production Flight.
GEOSPATIALLY ENABLED AIRBORNE RAPID RESPONSE SYSTEMS: DESIGN, CALIBRATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Mostafa M. , Woolard J. , Sellars J. , Aslaksen M. , Kosofsky J. , Hutton J.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been responsible for enabling The United States rapid responders during the hurricane season. Over decades of experience in enabling Rapid Response nationwide resulted in NOAA identifying the detailed engineering requirements for designing the next generation geospatially enabled airborne rapid response systems for aerial survey image capture, georeferencing, and high precision mapping. This paper is focused on presenting the state of the art, new trends, and the performance analysis of NOAA’s DSS version 6 for Rapid Response which development and testing took place in 2020/2021.
INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE ACCURACY OF THE UAV SYSTEM DJI MATRICE 300 RTK WITH THE SENSORS ZENMUSE P1 AND L1 IN THE HAMBURG TEST FIELD
Authors: Kersten T. , Wolf J. , Lindstaedt M.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The development of increasingly powerful Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is progressing continuously, so that these systems equipped with high-resolution sensors can be used for a variety of different applications. With the Matrice 300 RTK, Da-Jiang Innovations Science and Technology Co. Ltd (DJI) has launched a system that can use the high-resolution camera Zenmuse P1 or the laser scanner Zenmuse L1 as a recording sensor, among other sensors. In order to investigate the geometric quality of these two sensors, HafenCity University Hamburg, in cooperation with LGV Hamburg, NLWKN in Norden and the German Archaeological Institute in Bonn, flew over the 3D test field in the Inselpark in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg on 5 August 2021 with the P1 camera and the L1 laser scanner. Using the Matrice 300 RTK as carrier platform, the test field was recorded in various configurations at altitudes between 50 m and 90 m above ground. Prior to the UAV flight campaign, 44 marked ground control points (GCP) were signalised in the test field, which had already been surveyed by LGV in 2020 using geodetic measurement methods to achieve a coordinate accuracy of ±5 mm for each GCP. The results of aerial triangulations as well as 3D point clouds generated from image data and laser scanning are compared with reference data in order to demonstrate the accuracy potential of these measurement systems in this paper.
INDOOR MAPPING WITH AN OMNIDIRECTIONAL CAMERA SYSTEM: PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Ladai A. , Toth C. , Toth Z.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The use of BIM (Building Information Modeling), a component of the Digital Twin concept, is on the rise, and the need for indoor data is rapidly growing. BIM information is not only used for management purposes, but it is essential to support navigation indoors. Observing building interiors by optical sensors, such as cameras and laser scanners, has challenges as the image scale changes over a broad range in rooms and floors, and then complete coverage is required, requiring images taken from several locations with various camera orientations. Using 360° imaging sensors partially addresses the need for efficient wide FOV observations. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using a 6-sensor omnidirectional/fisheye camera system and report about its performance.
ENHANCING CONTRAST OF IMAGES TO IMPROVE GEOMETRIC ACCURACY OF A UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY PROJECT
Authors: Motayyeb S. , Fakhri S. A. , Varshosaz M. , Pirasteh S.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become popular tools in mapping applications. In such applications, the image motion, bad lighting effects, and poor texture all directly affect the quality of the derived tie points, which in turn imposes constraints on image extraction and may lead to a low accuracy point cloud. This paper proposes a contrast enhancement technique to improve the accuracy of a photogrammetric model created using UAV images. The luminance component (Y) in the YIQ color space is normalized using the sigmoid function, and the low contrast images are enhanced using the Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) on the luminosity component. To evaluate the proposed method, three-dimensional models were created using images acquired by the Phantom 4 Pro UAV in three distinct places and at altitudes of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 90 meters. The results showed that enhancing the contrast of images increased the number of tie points and reduced reprojection error by approximately 10%. It also improved the resolution of the digital elevation model by approximately 2cm/pixel while greatly improving the texture and quality with respect to that developed using the original images.
VISUAL ODOMETRY OF A MOBILE PALETTE ROBOT USING GROUND PLANE IMAGE FROM A FISHEYE CAMERA
Authors: Lee U.-G. , Park S.-Y.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. In this paper, we present a method of mobile robot’s visual odometry using the visual feature tracking in the ground plane image generated from the fisheye image. In order to extract the feature information on the ground, we use a fisheye camera that has a larger FOV than a general pinhole camera, so that we can capture more information on the ground plane. However, due to the large distortion, it is difficult to extract the visual features in the fisheye image. The distortion can be eliminated, but various problems arise, such as a decrease in the resolution of an image or losing the wide angle of the fisheye camera. We propose the EUCM-Cubemap projection model to convert the fisheye image into the cubemap image without losing the FOV of the fisheye image. And we create the Ground Plane Image, a virtual image that vertically looks at the ground from a cube map image. So, the ground plane image is generated so that it is captured from a virtual camera perpendicular to the ground. In the ground plane image, the motion vector obtained by feature tracking between previous and current frames is proportional to the actual robot’s motion in the 2D ground plane. Thus, if we know the actual scale of the motion vector, we can estimate the mobile robot’s velocity and steering angle on the virtual wheel generated by the ground plane image. The scale of the vector can be estimated using the position and focal length of the camera. Using these parameters, we estimate the mobile robot’s pose by applying the bicycle kinematic model. Experimental results show that the proposed method can replace other conventional odometry methods for mobile robots. And, in the future, it is expected to be used in a variety of fields such as visual-based control or path planning.
ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF AN UWB-BASED COOPERATIVE POSITIONING FOR DIFFERENT CAR PLATOON CONFIGURATIONS
Authors: Masiero A. , Toth C. , Gabela J. , Retscher G.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The increasing interest in autonomous vehicles motivates the researches aiming at developing reliable positioning system also in conditions challenging for the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as in urban canyons, tunnels, under quite dense vegetation. The uso of Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) systems is among the quite well known methods for providing reasonable positioning results without exploiting GNSS. UWB systems are typically used indoors, however their use can be of interest also outdoors, in particular when the need is to ensure good positioning results over a quite small area. This paper investigates the use of UWB systems for positioning in the case of terrestrial vehicles, and, more specifically, it focuses on checking the influence of car platoon configurations on the performance of an UWB cooperative positioning system. In the considered tests, where a high percentage of UWB communications was successful, the obtained results show that the car configuration can have a quite remarkable impact on the positioning performance, doubling the obtained median error.
TILT CORRECTION OF ONBOARD DRONE IRRADIANCE MEASUREMENTS – EVALUATION OF HYPERSPECTRAL METHODS
Authors: Suomalainen J. , Oliveira R. A. , Hakala T. , Koivumäki N. , Markelin L. , Näsi R. , Honkavaara E.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. An accurate onboard irradiance measurement on drones is a requirement direct reflectance transformation of aerial images and remote sensing data without use of on-ground reference targets. One of the major error sources in onboard irradiance measurement is the effect of sensor tilt to the observed irradiances. In this paper/presentation, we will present an intercomparison of two methods: the FGI AIRS method and the Köppl method. Both methods require an irradiance sensor with good cosine response and IMU system providing accurate tilt angle for each irradiance measurement. Additionally to this, the AIRS method requires special hardware with multiple tilted irradiance sensors, which effectively allow interpolation of a virtual horizontal sensor. The Köppl method requires the irradiance sensor to be a spectral sensor, which allows the direct and diffuse fractions of irradiance spectrum to be deducted from shape of the measured spectrum using the spectral unmixing between direct and diffuse spectrum shapes. We present a field experiment where the AIRS sensor was flown in a typical mapping pattern flight and evaluate the tilt correction methods during it. During a fully sunny period of the flight, the standard deviations of the irradiances was ±6.4% for the uncorrected tilted irradiances, ±1.8% for the AIRS method, and ±2.0% for the Köppl method. The data shows that an accurate irradiance measurement onboard a drone is feasible using a well-calibrated irradiance sensor system and both methods are capable to produce quite similar results.