bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable fabrication of multi-layered Cu-based electrodes via solvent-free method for the selective electrochemical conversion of CO2 to C2+ products
Authors: Chen Qinhao , Kube Alexander , Rana Bhawna , Biswas Indro , Morawietz Tobias , Kopljar Dennis , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas
Published: April 2024

A novel solvent-free procedure for multi-layered Cu-based gas diffusion electrodes was developed for CO2 electroreduction. Physical properties were evaluated and optimized to enhance C2+ production.
Evaluating accuracy improvements of laser ablation ICPMS element analysis in silicate glasses and carbonates via downhole fractionation correction – an old problem re-assessed
Authors: Nambiar Romi , Müller Wolfgang , Evans David
Published: April 2024

Correction for down-hole fractionation improves non-matrix matched laser ablation trace element data quality.
Determination and investigation of defect domains in multi-shape monolayer tungsten disulfide
Authors: Ağırcan H. , Convertino D. , Rossi A. , Martini L. , Pace S. , Mishra N. , Küster K. , Starke U. , Kartal Şireli G. , Coletti C. , Forti S.
Published: April 2024

Monolayer WS2 synthesized in different shapes varying the growth conditions. They display a heterogeneity of defect distribution and concentration, influencing the electronic and optical properties of each domain within the single crystal.
Piperidine and piperazine analogs in action: zinc(ii)-mediated formation of amidines
Authors: Podjed Nina , Košmrlj Janez , Modec Barbara
Published: April 2024

Secondary cyclic amines such as piperazine and its substituted derivatives were reacted in the presence of zinc(ii) with acetonitrile to prepare a series of complexes. The formation of a zinc(ii) complex with acetamidine was also investigated.
Catalytic decomposition of hydrazine nitrate and hydroxylamine nitrate in radioactive nitric acid waste liquid using Ru/AC catalyst
Authors: Yu Deyan , Li Baole , Cao Zhi , Chen Qi , Zuo Chen , He Tiansheng , Yan Taihong , Zheng Weifang
Published: April 2024

The 5 wt% Ru/AC catalysts were prepared using the impregnation method.
Dess–Martin periodinane-mediated oxidation of the primary alcohol of cytidine into a carboxylic acid
Authors: Serre Alexandra R. E. , Jha Vibhu , Rivault Adèle , Eriksson Leif A. , Ribeiro Morais Goreti , Falconer Robert A.
Published: April 2024

Herein we describe the first example of the conversion of the primary alcohol of cytidine into a carboxylic acid by use of the Dess–Martin periodinane oxidising agent.
Catalyst- and base-free visible light-enabled radical relay trihalomethylation/functional group-migration/carbonylation with CX3SO2Cl
Authors: Hu Jinkai , Yang Chenglei , Qin Xiaotao , Liu Hui , Ma Tongtong , Shi Ao-tong , Lv Qing-Long , Liu Xingman , Yang Jinhui , Li Dianjun
Published: April 2024

A visible light-enabled photocatalyst-free radical trihalomethylation/cyano (or benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) 1,4-migration/carbonylation reaction of 2-hydroxy-2-hex-5-enenitrile (or (benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-pent-4-enol) with CX3SO2Cl (X = F, Cl) is reported.
Stereoselective synthesis of gem-dihalopiperidines via the halo-aza-Prins cyclization reaction: access to piperidin-4-ones and pyridines
Authors: Bora Surjya Kumar , Biswas Subhamoy , Behera Bipin Kumar , Saikia Anil K.
Published: April 2024

An efficient synthesis of 4,4-dihalopiperidines from N-(3-halobut-3-en-1-yl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide has been unveiled. 4,4-Dihalopiperidines have been transformed in one step into piperidin-4-ones, pyridines and enol ethers in reasonable yields.
Nickel-catalysed regio- and stereoselective hydrocyanation of alkynoates and its mechanistic insights proposed by DFT calculations
Authors: Arai Shigeru , Nakazawa Koichi , Yang Xiao-Fei , Nakajima Masaya , Harada Shinji , Nishida Atsushi
Published: April 2024

This work discloses the origin of regio- and stereoselectivity of hydrocyanation of alkynoates.
Total synthesis of diplofuranone A and diapolic acid A
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Kumar Vimlesh , Beeralingappa Nagabhushana C.
Published: April 2024

The first and concise syntheses of the anticancer agent diplofuranone A and the fatty acid-derived metabolite diapolic acid A have been demonstrated using easily accessible and commercially available starting materials.
Concise synthesis of succinimide-fused 1,3-cyclohexadienes via Co-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,6-diynes and maleimides
Authors: Cen Kaili , Zhai Ziyi , Liu Yuan , Wei Jiahao , Ouyang Mixia , He Guojun , Huang Shuyu , Zhao Feng , Cai Jinhui
Published: April 2024

This work has realized a facile assembly of succinimide-fused 1,3-cyclohexadienes via Co-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,6-diynes to maleimides. Furthermore, the oxidation of succinimide-fused 1,3-cyclohexadienes was carried out under I2/MeONa.
Electric-field modulated energy transfer in phosphorescent material- and fluorescent material-codoped polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: Meng Ling-Chuan , Hou Yan-Bing
Published: April 2024

In this study, we find electric-field modulated energy transfer in phosphorescent material- and fluorescent material-codoped polymer that has never been reported.
Agri-waste derived electroactive carbon–iron oxide nanocomposite for oxygen reduction reaction: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Jagdale Pallavi B. , Manippady Sai Rashmi , Anand Rohit , Lee Geunsik , Samal Akshaya Kumar , Khan Ziyauddin , Saxena Manav
Published: April 2024

Herein, we have utilized agri-waste and amalgamating low Fe3+, to develop an economic iron oxide–carbon hybrid-based electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with water as a main product following close to 4e− transfer process.
Reduced graphene oxide/MXene hybrid decorated graphite felt as an effective electrode for vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Li Zhihui , Yang Wei , Bao Jingjing , Kong Youmei , Jing Shangchen , Zhang Jingying , Ren Guanhua , Sun Licheng , Du Min
Published: April 2024

Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a highly suitable technology for energy storage and conversion in the application of decoupling energy and power generation.
Photoinduced C–H arylation of 1,3-azoles via copper/photoredox dual catalysis
Authors: Trienes Sven , Xu Jiawei , Ackermann Lutz
Published: April 2024

The photo-induced azole C–H arylation was realized with a dual-catalytic copper-based system. Exceedingly mild reaction conditions at ambient temperature and visible light irradiation enabled a broad scope with high functional group tolerance.
The impact of earth-abundant metals as a replacement for Pd in cross coupling reactions
Authors: Luescher Michael U. , Gallou Fabrice , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: April 2024

Initial calculations of environmental footprints associated with using Ni vs Pd catalysis in a representative metal-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reveal that the choice of ligated metal is often NOT of consequence. Rather, it is a culmination of other parameters such as medium.
Precise analyses of photoelectrochemical reactions on particulate Zn0.25Cd0.75Se photoanodes in nonaqueous electrolytes using Ru bipyridyl complexes as a probe
Authors: Kageshima Yosuke , Takano Hiroto , Nishizawa Mika , Takagi Fumiaki , Kumagai Hiromu , Teshima Katsuya , Domen Kazunari , Nishikiori Hiromasa
Published: April 2024

Energy levels of interfacial recombination centres and photocorrosion potential for Zn0.25Cd0.75Se particulate photoanodes in nonaqueous electrolytes containing various Ru complexes are elucidated. Redox reaction of Ru complexes can serve as a probe.
A dynamic cascade DNA nanocomplex to synergistically disrupt the pyroptosis checkpoint and relieve tumor hypoxia for efficient pyroptosis cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Xiaoni , Ge Xiyang , Zhang Min , Sun Jianghui , Ouyang Jin , Na Na
Published: April 2024

A DNA nanocomplex with cascade DNAzymes, promoter-like ZnO2–Mn nanozymes and intercalated photosensitizers was designed to synergistically disrupt autophagy and relieve tumor hypoxia for efficient pyroptosis therapy.
Experimental and theoretical comprehension of ESIPT fluorophores based on a 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3′-dimethylindole (HDMI) scaffold
Authors: Stoerkler Timothée , Ulrich Gilles , Retailleau Pascal , Laurent Adèle D. , Jacquemin Denis , Massue Julien
Published: April 2024

Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) emission is associated with intense single or multiple fluorescence in the solid-state, along with enhanced photostability and sensitivity to the close environment.
Dynamics and phase behavior of metallo-dielectric rod-shaped microswimmers driven by alternating current electric field
Authors: Panda Suvendu Kumar , Debata Srikanta , Kherani Nomaan Alam , Singh Dhruv Pratap
Published: April 2024

The Janus-shaped microrods are shown to exhibit the dynamics as well as the phase behavior with respect to the varying frequency of the AC electric field.
Probing the potential of Al2CO/SiC heterostructures for visible light-driven photocatalytic water splitting using first-principles strategies
Authors: Shehbaz Amina , Majid Abdul , Batool Hira , Alkhedher Mohammad , Haider Sajjad , Alam Kamran
Published: April 2024

Photocatalytic water splitting is a sustainable and eco-friendly method for renewable energy production.
Fluorophore branching boosted photo-induced energy transfer in UiO-66 for ultrasensitive and instant hydrazine sensing
Authors: Luo Ying , Lei Da , Li Maohua , Ge Yuansheng , Li Jiguang , Zu Baiyi , Yao Jun , Dou Xincun
Published: April 2024

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have made great progress in the field of fluorescent sensing; however, whether the electronic structure and recognized sites can be adjusted by external functionalization still remains challenging.
Magnetic composite microspheres with a controlled mesoporous shell for highly efficient DNA extraction and fragment screening
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Guo Qilin , Guo Jia , Wang Changchun
Published: April 2024

Mesoporous magnetic composite microspheres (MSP@mTiO2) with tunable pore sizes are successfully fabricated for high-purity DNA extraction and fragment screening.
Modified Lossy epsilon-negative CuCr2Se4 toward single-phase metamaterials with double negative parameters via Zn doping
Authors: Xu Zechao , Lu Weiyi , Yan Kelan , Fan Runhua , Bao Ningzhong
Published: April 2024

With Zn doping, the electron concentration of CuCr2Se4 decreases, the penetration depth of electromagnetic wave increases. The double negative properties were achieved in Cu0.8Zn0.2Cr2Se4 and Cu0.6Zn0.4Cr2Se4.
Luminescence analysis of heavily Mn2+-doped LaMgAl11O19 phosphors: crystallographic site occupation and the formation of Mn2+–Mn2+ dimers
Authors: Zhan Chenyang , Zhu Haomiao , Liang Sisi , Huang Yingping , Nie Wendong , Wang Zihao , Hong Maochun
Published: April 2024

This study elucidates the progression of the photoluminescence in LaMgAl11O19: xMn2+ phosphors, transitioning from isolated Mn2+ to multisite-occupied Mn2+, and ultimately to Mn2+–Mn2+ dimers through modulation of Mn2+ doping concentration.
Spectroscopic properties of yellow and red InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Cui Yanyan , Wu Qianqian , Li Junzi , Gao Yang , Cao Fan , Yang Xuyong , He Tingchao
Published: April 2024

The spectroscopic properties of yellow and red InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were comparatively investigated. The red QDs exhibit a less serious Auger effect, a longer hot carrier cooling time and stronger multiphoton absorption cross-sections.
Cultural Adaptation of the Functional External Memory Aid Tool for Use in the United Kingdom and Australia
Authors: Saylor Anna K. , Appleton Sarah , Rees Catrin , Tracey Siobhan , Mendelovits Tom , Stagge Faith , Cohen Matthew L. , Lanzi Alyssa M.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The Functional External Memory Aid Tool (FEMAT) is a performance-based measure of applied cognitive-linguistic abilities and attempted use of compensatory aids and strategies (e.g., using a calendar to recall an appointment) through completion of simulated everyday living tasks. The FEMAT was originally developed in the United States (US), and a need arose from clinicians to adapt the FEMAT for use in other countries. The aim of this study is to describe the cultural adaptation process that resulted in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australian (AU) versions of the FEMAT via international clinical research partnerships.

Method:

The FEMAT was adapted into UK and AU cultures using established guidelines for cultural and linguistic adaptation. The adaptation was completed by researchers and clinicians from the US, UK, and AU, and we followed a six-step process: (a) preparation, (b) forward translation, (c) back translation, (d) committee review, (e) field testing, and (f) finalization.

Results:

The FEMAT items and materials were successfully adapted from the source culture (i.e., English-US) to the target cultures (i.e., English-UK, English-AU). Through the adaptation process, the FEMAT items were determined to be conceptually appropriate for each culture and minimal modifications were made to the FEMAT materials (e.g., voicemail recordings recorded in target dialect). The finalized FEMAT-English-UK and the FEMAT-English-AU versions are available for free on the FEMAT website.

Conclusions:

Through successful international clinical research collaborations, the FEMAT was successfully adapted for use in other English-speaking cultures. This work provides guidance to streamline future FEMAT cultural adaptations.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25564461
The Impact of Wheel Flat on Traction Drive System of Electric Locomotives
Authors: Pan Like , Lu Bing , Yang Caizhi , Chen Liming , Song Yang , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2024

Wheel flat can seriously affect the wheel–rail contact performance and cause impact vibrations, which significantly threaten the safe operation of railway vehicles. It is crucial to accurately assess the effects of wheel flats on the wheel–rail contact performance and the vibration impact on the traction drive system. However, studies related to wheel flats have focused on the mechanical part and have yet to fully consider the electrical and mechanical parts of the entire traction drive system. Therefore, this paper first builds an electromechanical coupling model based on the electric traction drive system and the locomotive‐track coupling dynamics model. Then, based on this model, the impact of the wheel flat on the electrical and mechanical parts of the traction drive system under different flat lengths, different flat depths, and different vehicle speeds was analyzed. The results indicate that with the increasing depth of the flat spot, the wheel–rail dynamic response, motor rotor speed, and motor torque exhibit more significant fluctuations. Additionally, as the locomotive speed increases, the impact of the flat on the wheel–rail contact performance intensifies. Wheel flats can excite the 1st bending mode of the wheelset, resulting in vibration shocks at 90 Hz.
Suitability of applying ultrathin SOI‐based PIN diodes to photodetection of UV wavelength
Authors: Silva Fernando O. S. , Doria Rodrigo T.
Published: April 2024

This work intends to investigate the impact of silicon layer thickness and substrate biasing on the UV photodetection efficiency of PIN diodes fabricated with ultra‐thin body and buried oxide (UTBB silicon‐on‐insulator [SOI]) technology, aiming to verify their behaviour on an ultimate commercial technology. UV photodetectors are applied in different fields, such as environmental and biomedical ones, and their implementation in UTBB SOI could enable the design of mixed circuits where data acquisition and processing could be made in the same chip, enhancing systems’ performance. It is shown that a 20‐nm‐thick silicon layer can be applied for UV photodetection and enhanced generated current is obtained when substrate bias is set to guarantee a depletion regime in the entire active layer.
VSG‐controlled parallel‐connected voltage‐source converters in low‐voltage microgrid with dominant resistive impedance
Authors: Rahimi Mohsen
Published: April 2024

This paper deals with the control and performance improvement of parallel‐operated voltage‐source inverters (VSIs) controlled as virtual synchronous generators (VSGs). In publications regarding the parallel‐operated VSGs, transmission lines are considered to be mainly inductive. However, less analytical works have been done regarding the control of paralleled VSGs in low‐voltage grids with dominant resistive impedances. Once VSIs are controlled as VSGs in a microgrid with more resistive transmission lines, swing equation and system representation for the power‐angle synchronization will change leading to a new control structure. Therefore, this paper deals with the control of parallel‐operated converter‐based VSGs in low‐voltage grids with dominant resistive line impedances. In this way, the VSG representation, comprising the swing equation and V‐P droop characteristic, for applications in highly resistive microgrids is presented, in which the swing equation and VSG frequency are related to reactive power. Then, the V‐P droop characteristic is modified and an enhanced P‐V droop characteristic for proper sharing of active power between the VSGs in highly resistive microgrids is proposed. Next, the VSG control is modified so that the R/X ratio at the VSG output increases and thus the decoupled control of active/reactive powers in relatively inductive cases is realized as well.
Verletzungen der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule: Konservative und operative Therapie
Authors: Wengert Alexander , Schleicher Philipp , Pingel Andreas , Neuhoff Jonathan , Kandziora Frank
Published: April 2024

Verletzungen der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule des knochengesunden Patienten entstehen meist durch große Gewalteinwirkung. Höhe und Vektor der einwirkenden Energie beeinflussen hierbei maßgeblich das Verletzungsmuster der Wirbelsäule, welches von der einfachen Kompressionsfraktur bis hin zur Luxationsfraktur mit neurologischen Defiziten reichen kann. Die Schwere der Verletzung und patientenindividuelle Faktoren bestimmen das therapeutische Prozedere. Während einfache Verletzungen ohne Fehlstellungen eine Domäne der konservativen Therapie sind, erfordern komplexe Luxationsfrakturen häufig eine mehrzeitige Stabilisierung und Rekonstruktion der vorderen und hinteren Säule. Anspruchsvoll kann jedoch auch das Erkennen nicht offensichtlicher Instabilitäten bei intermediären Verletzungsmustern sein, deren korrekte Therapie sich häufig erst nach erweiterter Bildgebung und sorgfältiger Befundinterpretation festlegen lässt.

Unzureichende Diagnostik und Missinterpretation von Befunden führen zu Fehlbehandlungen, welche in chronischen Instabilitäten und Fehlstellungen münden können. Der folgende Artikel hat das Ziel, einen aktuellen Überblick über die verschiedenen Behandlungsaspekte der verletzten Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule zu geben.
Zielgerichtete Immuntherapien beim primären Sjögren-Syndrom
Authors: Zehrfeld Nadine , Witte Torsten , Ernst Diana
Published: April 2024

Das primäre Sjögren-Syndrom ist eine komplexe und sehr heterogene Erkrankung, die mit einer chronischen Epitheliitis der exokrinen Drüsen einhergeht und somit zur Sicca-Symptomatik führt. In mehr als der Hälfte der Fälle kommt es jedoch auch zu extraglandulären Verläufen. Aktuelle EULAR-Therapieempfehlungen orientieren sich an klinischen Manifestationen und Wirkstoffen, die auch beim systemischen Lupus erythematodes genutzt werden. Empfehlungen für den Einsatz von Biologika-Therapien gibt es wenige: Rituximab bei schweren neurologischen und/oder vaskulitischen Manifestationen, Abatacept bei therapierefraktärer Arthritis und Belimumab bei therapierefraktärer Parotisschwellung. Doch viele neue Wirkansätze werden aktuell in Studien verfolgt. Insbesondere die Daten zu Ianalumab, Iscalimab und Dazodalibep sind vielversprechend. Weitere ganz neue Wirkprinzipien in der rheumatologischen Therapie, wie der Proteasomen-Inhibitor Bortezomib, niedrig dosiertes I2, Pl3Kδ-Inhibitoren oder der Einsatz von mesenchymalen Stammzellen sind ebenfalls Gegenstand aktueller Studien.
Schmerzfrei oder schmerzarm leben? Therapeutische Ziele in der
Schmerzbehandlung
Authors: Abend Annika
Published: April 2024

Unter Therapeut*innen gibt es kaum ein Thema, über das häufiger gesprochen wird
und bei dem mehr Unsicherheit herrscht: Schmerz und die Orientierung an der
Schmerzgrenze während einer Therapie. Die Schmerzgrenze eines Menschen ist dann
erreicht, wenn die Intensität eines Reizes von diesem als so schmerzhaft
wahrgenommen wird, dass das Maximum des Ertragbaren erreicht ist. Die
Schmerzsensibilität wird durch Erfahrungen erlernt, sie prägt die
Schmerztoleranz einer Person und bestimmt die individuelle Schmerzgrenze. Für
Therapeut*innen stellt sich während einer Behandlung immer wieder die Frage,
worauf sie bei Schmerz achten müssen und was sie ihren Patient*innen empfehlen
sollen.
Psychologische Aspekte in der Handtherapie
Authors: Belding Sabine
Published: April 2024

Handtherapeut*innen arbeiten primär an der lokal betroffenen Struktur der Hand.
Der Mensch ist jedoch ein ganzheitliches Wesen, denn die Hand endet nicht am
distalen Radioulnargelenk. Die psychoemotionale Ebene, die die Gefühls- und
Glaubenswelt der Patient*innen umfasst, also ihre Gefühle, Emotionen,
Glaubenssätze und Überzeugungen, beeinflusst ebenfalls maßgeblich die
Handtherapie. Im Folgenden wird beschrieben, wie sich diese auf den
Heilungsprozess auswirken und wie Handherapeut*innen dabei unterstützen
können.
Ziele und Aufgaben der Arbeitsgruppe „Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit“ in der
DGRW
Authors: Worringen Ulrike , Geidl Wolfgang , Reusch Andrea , Prodinger Birgit , Redzewsky Liliane , Salzwedel Annett , Reudelsterz Christine , Herbold Désirée , Zimmer Julia-Marie , Thomas Alexander , Körner Mirjam
Published: April 2024

Das Positionspaper der
im Jahr 2022 gegründeten DGRW Arbeitsgruppe (AG) Interprofessionelle
Zusammenarbeit (IPZ) skizziert die vielfältigen Herausforderungen für die IPZ in
der medizinischen Rehabilitation in Trägerschaft der Deutschen
Rentenversicherung (DRV) und gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV). Hierauf
aufbauend werden relevante Handlungsfelder sowie aktuelle und zukünftige
Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaufgaben aus Sicht der AG IPZ
beschrieben.
Sind Prozessänderungen messbar? Eine Analyse über 16 Jahre mit 4163 proximalen Femurfrakturen
Authors: Müller Franz , Proske Andreas , Füchtmeier Bernd , Wulbrand Christian
Published: April 2024

Process changes in the perioperative setting are rarely analysed, as their results are not immediately tangible and require a high case volume. The primary objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate process changes using proximal femur fractures (PFF) and to examine their effect using various outcome measures. The secondary objective was to define potential quality criteria for the management of PFF.

This study included a retrospective analysis of the database of a level-1 trauma centre for PFF. All PFF treated with osteosynthesis and endoprosthesis during the treatment period from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2021, were included. The 16-year period was trichotomously divided for statistical analysis, and the first 6 years were used as the baseline. A total of 10 process changes were implemented in the subsequent 10 years. The impact of these changes was assessed using operative revision rate, infection rate, perioperative transfusion rate, and 1-year mortality.

A total of 4,163 PFF were analysed. Regarding the outcome measures, changes in the first 5 years (2012–2016; intramedullary procedures for osteosynthesis and use of disposable drape and gown) showed the most significant effect, with sustained reduction in long-term surgical revision rate of < 10%. Further process optimisations over the past 5 years (2017–2021) also yielded measurable improvements (reduction in infection and transfusion rates). The 1-year mortality remained unchanged, even during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Process changes in PFF do not immediately lead to objectively measurable improvements. In retrospect, the paradigm shift from extra- to intramedullary osteosynthesis appears to have the greatest effect, although gradual improvements were noted in all outcome measures over the past 10 years, except for mortality. An objective quality control target should aim for a 1-year revision rate of < 10%.
Safety of cold resection of non-ampullary duodenal polyps: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tayar Elias , Ladna Michael , King William , Gupte Anand R , Paudel Bishal , Sarheed Ahmed , Rosasco Robyn , Qumseya Bashar J.
Published: April 2024

Background and study aims Endoscopic resection has traditionally involved electrosurgical cautery (hot snare) to resect premalignant polyps. Recent data have suggested superior safety of cold resection. We aimed to assess the safety of cold compared with traditional (hot) resection for non-ampullary duodenal polyps.

Methods We performed a systematic review ending in September 2022. The primary outcome of interest was the adverse event (AE) rate for cold compared with hot polyp resection. We reported odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Secondary outcomes included rates of polyp recurrence and post-polypectomy syndrome. We assessed publication bias with the classic fail-safe test and used forest plots to report pooled effect estimates. We assessed heterogeneity using I2 index.

Results Our systematic review identified 1,215 unique citations. Eight of these met inclusion criteria, seven of which were published manuscripts and one of which was a recent meeting abstract. On random effect modeling, cold resection was associated with significantly lower odds of delayed bleeding compared with hot resection. The difference in the odds of perforation (odds ratio [OR] 0.31 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–2.87], P=0.2, I2=0) and polyp recurrence (OR 0.75 [95% CI 0.15–3.73], P=0.72, I2=0) between hot and cold resection was not statistically significant. There were no cases of post-polypectomy syndrome reported with either hot or cold techniques.

Conclusions Cold resection is associated with lower odds of delayed bleeding compared with hot resection for duodenal tumors. There was a trend toward higher odds of perforation and recurrence following hot resection, but this trend was not statistically significant.
Improved Synthesis of Pseudoproline and DMB Dipeptide Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Walczak Maciej A. , Powell Wyatt C. , Johnson Kelly , Tran Peyton , Jing Ruiheng
Published: April 2024

We report a mild method for the preparation of Fmoc-protected dipeptides containing a 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl (DMB) or 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl (HMB) group or modified as pseudoprolines. To minimize the loss of the Fmoc protection, we optimized the saponification conditions and included a calcium additive that protected the other base-sensitive functionalities and improved the yield of the free acid (36–82%). The reaction requires a combination of CaCl2 and NaOH in a mixture of iPrOH and water at room temperature.
Safety and efficacy of salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection for Barrett’s neoplasia recurrence after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Mesureur Lauriane , Deprez Pierre H. , Bisschops Raf , Pouw Roos E. , Weusten Bas L.A.M. , Barret Maximilien , Dewint Pieter , Tate David , Leclercq Philippe , Seewald Stefan , Barbaro Federico , Baldaque-Silva Francisco , Omae Masami , Pioche Mathieu , Figueiredo Ferreira Mariana , Bourke Michael J. , Haidry Rehan , Snauwaert Christophe , Eisendrath Pierre , De Maertelaer Viviane , Rosewick Nicolas , Devière Jacques , Lemmers Arnaud
Published: April 2024

Background This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for Barrett’s neoplasia recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods Data from patients at 16 centers were collected for a multicenter retrospective study. Patients who underwent at least one RFA treatment for Barrett’s esophagus and thereafter underwent further esophageal ESD for neoplasia recurrence were included.

Results Data from 56 patients who underwent salvage ESD between April 2014 and November 2022 were collected. Immediate complications included one muscular tear (1.8%) treated with stent (Agree classification: grade IIIa). Two transmural perforations (3.6%; treated with clips) and five muscular tears (8.9%; two treated with clips) had no clinical impact and were not considered as adverse events. Seven patients (12.5%) developed strictures (grade IIIa), which were treated with balloon dilation. Histological analysis showed 36 adenocarcinoma, 17 high grade dysplasia, and 3 low grade dysplasia. En bloc and R0 resection rates were 89.3% and 66.1%, respectively. Resections were curative in 33 patients (58.9%), and noncurative in 22 patients (39.3%), including 11 “local risk” (19.6%) and 11 “high risk” (19.6%) resections. At the end of follow-up with a median time of 14 (0–75) months after salvage ESD, and with further endoscopic treatment if necessary (RFA, argon plasma coagulation, endoscopic mucosal resection, ESD), neoplasia remission ratio was 37/53 (69.8%) and the median remission time was 13 (1–75) months.

Conclusion In expert hands, salvage ESD was a safe and effective treatment for recurrence of Barrett’s neoplasia after RFA treatment.
Perimenopausal Physical Activity and Dementia Risk: A Systematic
Review
Authors: Simmons Niall , Ruiz Miguel Rodriguez , Ronca Flaminia
Published: April 2024

Mixed-gender studies predominate in the current literature exploring the
interaction between physical activity and dementia risk. Considering that
menopause appears to contribute to females’ increased risk of cognitive decline
when compared to males, further clarity is required on the impact of physical
activity in reducing late-life dementia risk, specifically in perimenopausal
females. A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and
CINAHL databases yielded fourteen studies for review. A significant inverse
relationship between perimenopausal leisure time physical activity, or physical
fitness, and future all-cause dementia risk was found in most studies exploring
this interaction. Higher levels of perimenopausal household physical activity
and combined non-leisure time physical activity also displayed a favorable
impact in lowering dementia risk. A dose-response effect was demonstrated, with
approximately 10 MET-hour/week of leisure time physical activity required for
significant dementia risk reduction. Three of four papers exploring causality
provided analyses proposed to counter the reverse causation argument, suggesting
that physical activity may indeed have a protective role in reducing dementia
risk post-menopause. The current systematic review provides promising results
regarding the impact of pre- and perimenopausal physical activity on reducing
late-life dementia risk, suggesting that promoting perimenopausal physical
activity may serve as a crucial tool in mitigating the risk of post-menopausal
cognitive decline.
Paraspinal Desmoid Tumor in a Pediatric Patient with No Surgical History: A Case Report
Authors: Patel Aneek , Varga Gregory , Mallela Arka N. , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Bukowinski Andrew , Mamauag Erica , Zambrano Eduardo V. , Greene Stephanie
Published: April 2024

Desmoid tumors are locally aggressive, benign neoplasms originating in connective tissues. Although the exact pathophysiology remains unknown, antecedent trauma or surgery are believed to be important contributing factors. The occurrence of paraspinal desmoid tumor in pediatric patients is extremely uncommon. Here, we present an exceedingly rare case of a pediatric patient with no surgical or family history who developed a paraspinal desmoid tumor.

A 9-year-old female patient presented with 4 months of progressive back pain, right lower extremity weakness, and numbness. Spinal imaging revealed a left epidural paraspinal mass compressing her thoracic spinal cord and extending into the left thoracic cavity. A multidisciplinary approach with neurosurgery and thoracic surgery enabled gross total resection of the lesion. The patient had complete resolution of her symptoms with no signs of residual tumor on postoperative imaging. Pathology revealed a desmoid tumor that avidly stained for beta-catenin. On her last follow-up, she developed a recurrence, to which she was started on sorafenib therapy.

Desmoid tumors are rare connective tissue neoplasms that often occur after local tissue trauma, such as that caused by surgery. This report presents a rare case of a pediatric paraspinal desmoid tumor that occurred in a patient with no surgical or family history. Such tumors should undergo surgical resection for symptomatic relief and tissue diagnosis. Close clinical and radiographic surveillance are essential in these patients due to the high recurrence rates of desmoid tumor.
Evaluation of Imaging-Guided Peritoneal Biopsy in Diagnosis of Ascites of Unknown Origin
Authors: Abdelkader Prof. Nadia Abdelaaty , El-Naggar Prof. Mohammed , Tantawy Prof. Waheed , Sakr Prof. Mohammad Amin , Ibrahim Prof. Eman Abdel-Salam , Zaid Mohammed Abo , Sherief Ahmad F. , Abdelmoaty Assoc. Prof. Ahmed S.
Published: April 2024

Ascites is a common clinical problem, which can be a result of liver cirrhosis, neoplasm, tuberculous or pyogenic peritonitis, heart failure, nephrosis, and pancreatic disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the role of imaging-guided peritoneal biopsy in the diagnosis of ascites of unknown origin (ascites of local cause). Sixty-three patients with ascites of unknown etiology were included. Abdominal ultrasonography (US) with colored Duplex was performed, followed by laboratory investigations such as, ascitic fluid samples, magnetic resonance imaging, multislice computed tomography (CT), or PET/CT scan (if indicated). Imaging-guided peritoneal biopsy such as US-guided or CT-guided percutaneous peritoneal biopsy (in cases of failure of US-guided technique) of omentum or extravisceral masses was performed. Cytological and histopathological examinations of the tissue specimens were done by a single experienced pathologist. Other more invasive procedures (e.g., laparoscopy) were needed when the imaging-guided biopsy was not diagnostic. Fifty-four patients underwent US-guided biopsies, 48 patients were successfully diagnosed, and other 9 patients underwent CT-guided biopsies (not accessible by US-guided modality); laparoscopy was needed only in 6 patients. Malignant peritoneal pathology was found in 48 patients, while tuberculous peritonitis was diagnosed in 14 patients. Imaging-guided biopsies had perfect sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (100%) in differentiating neoplastic lesions. Percutaneous imaging-guided biopsy (US/CT guided) of the peritoneum, omenta, and mesentery has been established as a safe, simple, noninvasive, and well-tolerated procedure with high diagnostic accuracy. It can minimize further unnecessary invasive procedures such as laparoscopy.
Malignant Infantile Osteopetrosis Masquerading as Isolated Fetal Femoral Fracture: First Indian Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sathyalakshmi Balusamy , Jothi Vanathi Thangavelu
Published: April 2024

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis is a rare case of isolated fetal femoral fracture, a scarcely documented phenomenon in medical literature. Through detailed examination and genetic testing, it unveils malignant infantile osteopetrosis as an unexpected etiology, challenging existing diagnostic paradigms. This groundbreaking case emphasizes the critical role of genetic testing in unraveling complex fetal anomalies and underscores the necessity for comprehensive approaches in prenatal diagnostics, offering new insights into prenatal manifestations of skeletal dysplasias.
Cuboid Bone for Distal Radius Reconstruction: An Anatomical Study by 3D Models
Authors: Alvedro-Ruiz Pedro , Trapero-Ovejero Ana , Ferràs-Tarragó Joan , Pérez-García Alberto , Thione Alessandro
Published: April 2024

Background Distal radius (DR) reconstruction due to high-energy trauma, degenerative processes, and oncologic resections can be a challenge when the articular surface is destroyed or resected. This study investigates the possibility of using the cuboid bone of the foot to replace the osteoarticular surface of DR.

Purposes We compared the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the articular surface of three foot bones with that of the DR to analyze which one would be the most suitable to replace it.

Methods 3D bone models were created from a computed tomography (CT) scan database. The articular surfaces of calcaneus, cuboid bone, and lateral cuneiform bone were compared with that of the DR using the Hausdorff-Besicovitch morphometry analysis. Mean, maximum, and minimum differences were obtained and statistically analyzed.

Results The cuboid bone had a mean overall area difference with the DR of 0.72 mm (standard deviation [SD], 0.03 mm). The lateral cuneiform bone showed 0.89 mm (SD, 0.08 mm). The calcaneus presented 1.04 mm (SD, 0.06 mm). The differences and the variability of the articular surface were statistically lower in the cuboid bone.

Conclusion The articular surface of the cuboid bone has many similarities to the articular surface of the DR and had the most similarities to the DR of the foot bones study. The cuboid bone could be considered as a replacement for the DR in cases where there is a need for osteoarticular replacement or reconstruction. Further investigations are warranted.

Clinical Relevance A vascularized transfer of the cuboid bone may be a suitable option to replace a DR given the anatomical similarities reported.
Complex Axial Carpal Dislocation with Scapholunate Ligament Injury
Authors: Vamsi Krishna Sathya , Gondaliya Nikunj
Published: April 2024

Background Axial carpal dislocations (ACDs) are high-impact injuries, involving both proximal and distal carpal rows, adding complexity to the diagnostic and treatment challenges. This article explores a distinctive case of axial radial carpal dislocation, highlighting an irreducible second carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) and concomitant scapholunate (SL) ligament injury. Understanding the background of axial carpal injuries is crucial for recognizing and addressing these complex cases effectively.

Description A 27-year-old man presented with a left wrist injury following a motorcycle accident, revealing an irreducible second CMCJ with a unique ligamentous injury pattern. Despite unsuccessful closed reduction attempts, the surgical intervention involved a dorsal midline incision, fixation of the second CMCJ and SL interval, and ligament repair. Postoperative assessment demonstrated proper alignment with a mild gap in the SL interval, revealing the intricate nature of the injury.

Literature Review Existing studies describe a type of axial dislocation starting at the third webspace, traveling through capitate–hamate intervals leading to scaphoid dislocation. However, in the article, we describe a variant of ACD through second CMCJ causing an SL interval instability.

Clinical Relevance Recognizing and comprehensively addressing axial radial carpal dislocations are crucial for optimal patient outcomes. The case report contributes valuable insights into the rare pattern of ACD involving SL instability that was missed on initial radiographs but detected through computed tomography scan and thereby managed appropriately. Any CMCJ dislocation should raise a suspicion of axial dislocation unless proved otherwise.
Pulmonary Manifestations of Sjögren's Disease
Authors: Byrne Louise , McCarthy Cormac , Fabre Aurelie , Gupta Nishant
Published: April 2024

Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune condition of exocrine and extraglandular tissues. It can present with isolated disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary or lacrimal glands, but in approximately one-third of the patients, lymphocytic infiltration extends beyond exocrine glands to involve extraglandular organs such as the lungs. Pulmonary complications have been reported to occur between 9 and 27% of patients with SjD across studies. Respiratory manifestations occur on a spectrum of severity and include airways disease, interstitial lung disease, cystic lung disease, and lymphoma. Lung involvement can greatly affect patients' quality of life, has a major impact on the overall prognosis, and frequently leads to alteration in the treatment plans, highlighting the importance of maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion and taking appropriate steps to facilitate early recognition and intervention.
The Role of Clot Waveform Analysis and Related Parameters in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemophilia A
Authors: Song Guanghao , Wang Yangbin , Zhang Lilei , Xia Mao
Published: April 2024

Background Hemophilia A (HA) is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or defect in factor VIII (FVIII).

Methods We investigated the role of clot waveform analysis (CWA) of activated partial thromboplastin time in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of HA. The changes in CWA parameters the maximum clotting velocity (|Min1|), maximum clotting acceleration (|Min2|), and maximum clotting deceleration (|Max2|) were detected among mild, moderate, and severe HA groups.

Results As the severity of HA subtypes increased, the levels of |Min1|, |Min2|, and |Max2| progressively decreased (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that |Max2| and |Min2| were more effective than |Min1| in distinguishing different types of HA patients, with higher diagnostic efficacy. The standard curves based on Actin FSL reagent for normal and low levels of FVIII:C-|Max2| were established, with R2 values of 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. These curves can be utilized for monitoring during replacement therapies involving full-length recombinant FVIII and B-domain-deleted FVIII. Thirty cases of HA patients utilized the FVIII-|Max2| standard curve to obtain individual pharmacokinetics characteristic parameters. The clearance, half-life (t1/2), time to FVIII:C of 1% above baseline (tt1%), and predicted dosage showed no statistically significant differences compared with one-stage assay (p > 0.05).

Conclusion CWA is an economical and practical tool, and its related parameters are associated with the severity of HA. It has promising clinical prospects in predicting FVIII:C levels and individualized treatment when HA patients undergo replacement therapy.
The Evolution of Pituitary Surgery in an Australian Health Care Framework
Authors: Candy Nicholas G. , Jukes Alistair K. , Ooi Eng H. , Valentine Rowan , Vrodos Nick , Santoreneos Stephen , Floreani Steve , Wormald Peter-John , Psaltis Alkis J.
Published: April 2024

Background The outcomes in pituitary surgery have dramatically changed over the past 130 years. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches are now an accepted method for operating on pituitary tumors, a skillset which takes time to develop. The Australian health care framework provides a unique mixture of public and private care for a geographically dispersed population. In this article, we aim to examine how outcomes for patients in South Australia changed as endoscopic pituitary surgery was adopted and how the Australian health care framework influenced the development of a skull base team.

Methods The case notes of all patients undergoing pituitary surgery between 2006 and 2020 in South Australia. All patients treated by this author group were included.

Results A total of 428 pituitary adenomas were surgically treated. Overall, 182 out of 249 patients (70%) had a complete resection with no recurrence at follow-up, and 49 patients (19%) had a residual that was observed and did not require treatment. Therefore, 89% of patients between the years 2006 and 2020 did not require any further treatment following their pituitary surgery. Upon examination of the 142 patients with functional adenomas, 112 (79%) patients had no recurrence in hormonal dysfunction following surgery, and the remaining 30 (21%) patients required further treatment.

Conclusion We have demonstrated that acceptable outcomes can be achieved in a low-to-moderate volume setting across multiple hospitals when a coordinated effort is made to consolidate these cases within a small group of subspeciality-trained surgeons, as opposed to a more generalist approach.
Designing a framework for entrepreneurship education in Chinese higher education: a theoretical exploration and empirical case study
Authors: Shao Luning , Miao Yuxin , Ren Shengce , Cai Sanfa , Fan Fei
Published: April 2024

Entrepreneurship education (EE) has rapidly evolved within higher education and has emerged as a pivotal mechanism for cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talent. In China, while EE has made positive strides, it still faces a series of practical challenges. These issues cannot be effectively addressed solely through the efforts of universities. Based on the triple helix (TH) theory, this study delves into the unified objectives and practical content of EE in Chinese higher education. Through a comprehensive literature review on EE, coupled with educational objectives, planned behavior, and entrepreneurship process theories, this study introduces the 4H objective model of EE. 4H stands for Head (mindset), Hand (skill), Heart (attitude), and Help (support). Additionally, the research extends to a corresponding content model that encompasses entrepreneurial learning, entrepreneurial practice, startup services, and the entrepreneurial climate as tools for achieving the objectives. Based on a single-case approach, this study empirically explores the application of the content model at T-University. Furthermore, this paper elucidates how the university plays a role through the comprehensive development of entrepreneurial learning, practices, services, and climate in nurturing numerous entrepreneurs and facilitating the flourishing of the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem. This paper provides important contributions in its application of TH theory to develop EE within the Chinese context, and it provides clear guidance by elucidating the core objectives and practical content of EE. The proposed conceptual framework serves not only as a guiding tool but also as a crucial conduit for fostering the collaborative development of the EE ecosystem. To enhance the robustness of the framework, this study advocates strengthening empirical research on TH theory through multiple and comparative case studies.
Magnetostatic waves in metallic rectangular waveguides filled with uniaxial negative permeability media
Authors: Moradi Afshin , Bait-Suwailam Mohammed M.
Published: April 2024

The propagation characteristics of magneto-quasistatic waves, more commonly, known as magnetostatic waves in a long, metallic rectangular waveguide filled with a metamaterial slab are comprehensively investigated. The metamaterial slab consists of split-ring resonators as an anisotropic uniaxial medium with transversal negative effective permeability. Some analytical relations and numerical validations on the characteristics of these waves are presented. The results include the dispersion relations, mode patterns (field distributions) that can be supported by such media, and their corresponding cutoff frequencies, group velocities, power flows, and storage energies of magnetostatic waves. The findings from the present research study can be advantageous to advance the synthesis and development of negative permeability materials with peculiar features in guiding structures.