bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal two-particle entanglement by universal quantum processes
Authors: Alber G , Delgado A , Jex I
Published: March 2021

Within the class of all possible universal (covariant) two-particle quantum processes in arbitrary dimensional Hilbert spaces those universal quantum processes are determined whose output states optimize the recently proposed entanglement measure of Vidal and Werner. It is demonstrated that these optimal entanglement processes belong to a one-parameter family of universal entanglement processes whose output states do not contain any separable components. It is shown that these optimal universal entanglement processes generate antisymmetric output states and, with the single exception of qubit systems, they preserve information about the initial input state.
Classical capacity of a noiseless quantum channel assisted by noisy entanglement
Authors: Horodecki M , Horodecki P , Horodecki R l , Leung D , Terha B
Published: March 2021

We derive the general formula for the capacity of a noiseless quantum channel assisted by an arbitrary amount of noisy entanglement. In this capacity formula, the ratio of the quantum mutual information and the von Neumann entropy of the sender's share of the noisy entanglement plays the role of mutual information in the completely classical case. A consequence of our results is that bound entangled states cannot increase the capacity of a noiseless quantum channel.
Long-distance quantum communication just around the corner?
Authors: Kok P , Lee H , Cerf N , Dowling J
Published: March 2021

Perspective
on “The Physics of Quantum Information: Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Teleportation, Quantum Computation" (edited by D Bouwmeester, A Ekert & A Zeilinger)
Authors: Milburn G
Published: March 2021

Book review
In situ Lithiated ALD Niobium Oxide for Improved Long Term Cycling of Layered Oxide Cathodes: A Thin-Film Model Study
Authors: Aribia Abdessalem , Sastre Jordi , Chen Xubin , Gilshtein Evgeniia , Tiwari Ayodhya N. , Romanyuk Yaroslav E.
Published: March 2021

Protective coatings applied to cathodes help to overcome interface stability issues and extend the cycle life of Li-ion batteries. However, within 3D cathode composites it is difficult to isolate the effect of the coating because of the additives and non-ideal interfaces. In this study we investigate niobium oxide (NbOx) as cathode coating in a thin-film model system, which provides simple access to the cathode-coating-electrolyte interface. The conformal NbOx coating was applied by atomic layer deposition (ALD) onto thin-film LiCoO2 cathodes. The cathode/coating stacks were annealed to lithiate the NbOx and ensure sufficient ionic conductivity. A range of different coating thicknesses were investigated to improve the electrochemical cycling with respect to the uncoated cathode. At a NbOx thickness of 30 nm, the cells retained 80% of the initial capacity after 493 cycles at 10 C, more than doubling the cycle life of the uncoated cathode film. At the same thickness, the coating also showed a positive impact on the rate performance of the cathode: 47% of the initial capacity was accessible even at ultrahigh charge-discharge rates of 100 C. Using impedance spectroscopy measurements, we found that the enhanced performance is due to suppressed interfacial resistance growth during cycling. Elemental analysis using TOF-SIMS and XPS further revealed a bulk and surface contribution of the NbOx coating. These results show that in situ lithiated ALD NbOx can significantly improve the performance of layered oxide cathodes by enhancing interfacial charge transfer and inhibiting surface degradation of the cathode, resulting in better rate performance and cycle life.
De Novo Creation of a Naked-Eye-Detectable Fluorescent Molecule Based on Quantum-Chemical Computation and Machine Learning
Authors: Sumita Masato , Terayama Kei , Suzuki Naoya , Ishihara Shinsuke , Tamura Ryo , Chahal Mandeep K. , Payne Daniel T. , Yoshizoe Kazuki , Tsuda Koji
Published: March 2021

Correlations between molecular properties and structures, such as those between the absorption wavelength and conjugate length, are beneficial for designing materials and controlling their properties. However, determining the molecular structures that correlate with the target molecular properties (such as molecular fluorescence) is not an easy task. In this study, we have used a de novo molecule generator (DNMG) coupled with quantum-chemical computation (QC) to develop new fluorescent molecules, which are garnering significant attention in various disciplines. With massive parallel computation (1024 cores, 5 days), DNMG has produced 3,643 candidate molecules within the density functional theory (DFT; one of QC) framework. Among the generated molecules, we have selected an unreported molecule and synthesized it for photoluminescence spectrum measurement. Our experimental verification demonstrated that DNMG can successfully create a new molecule which emits fluorescence detectable by the naked eye, as predicted by the DFT.
High Throughput Centrifugal Adhesion Screening Test for Soft Materials
Authors: Chen Yusu , Wang Qifeng , Mills Carolyn , Kann Johanna , Shull Kenneth , Tullman-Ercek Danielle , Wang Muzhou
Published: March 2021

High-throughput screening of material mechanical properties has the potential to transform material science research in both aiding in material discovery and developing predictive models. However, the development of these assays is inherently difficult with only a few methods and tools reported, and the mounting demand for enormous material property datasets to develop predictive models is unfulfilled by the limited throughput of the current techniques. In particular, equipment cost and instrument limitations prohibit the widespread generation of large material property datasets. We address this problem by developing a high-throughput colorimetric method for testing mechanical adhesion using a common laboratory centrifuge, multi-well plates and microparticles. The technique uses centrifugation to apply a homogenous mechanical detachment force across the samples in the multi-well plate. We also develop a high-throughput sample deposition method to prepare films with uniform thickness in each well, minimizing well-to-well variability in measurements. Our centrifugal adhesion testing method can differentiate polymer films with variate adhesion strengths and shows excellent agreement with the probe tack adhesion test. To illustrate the throughput and consistency of the overall process, we displayed a pattern on a multi-well plate by depositing two different formulations and performing the centrifugal test. We can achieve a throughput of thousands of samples per run, and it is limited only by the number of wells in the plates. With its simplicity, low cost and large dynamic range, this high-throughput method has the potential to change the landscape of adhesive material characterization.
Analysis of candlenut oil as oil adulterant in three functional oils of soybean oil, sunflower oil and grapeseed oil in quaternary mixture systems using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Riyanta A.B. , Riyanto S. , Lukitaningsih E. , Rohman A.
Published: March 2021

Soybean oil (SBO), sunflower oil (SFO) and grapeseed oil (GPO) contain high levels of
unsaturated fats that are good for health and have proximity to candlenut oil. Candlenut oil
(CNO) has a lower price and easier to get oil from that seeds than other seed oils, so it is
used as adulteration for gains. Therefore, authentication is required to ensure the purity of
oils by proper analysis. This research was aimed to highlight the FTIR spectroscopy
application with multivariate calibration is a potential analysis for scanning the quaternary
mixture of CNO, SBO, SFO and GPO. CNO quantification was performed using
multivariate calibrations of principle component (PCR) regression and partial least (PLS)
square to predict the model from the optimization FTIR spectra regions. The highest R2
and the lowest values of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean
square error of prediction (RMSEP) were used as the basis for selection of multivariate
calibrations created using several wavenumbers region of FTIR spectra. Wavenumbers
regions of 4000-650 cm-1
from the second derivative FTIR-ATR spectra using PLS was
used for quantitative analysis of CNO in quaternary mixture with SBO, SFO and GPO
with R2
calibration = 0.9942 and 0.0239% for RMSEC value and 0.0495%. So, it can be
concluded the use of FTIR spectra combination with PLS is accurate to detect quaternary
mixtures of CNO, SBO, SFO and GPO with the highest R2
values and the lowest RMSEC
and RMSEP values.
The effect of urea fertilizer doses on the chemical characteristics of the Samurai1, Samurai-2, and Pahat mutant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) grain varieties
Authors: Kurniadi M. , Nurcholis M. , Roeslan M. , Widodo R.A. , Widodo T. , Rosyida V.T. , Nurhayati R. , Kusumaningrum A. , Human S.
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to determine the influence of various doses of urea fertilizer on the
chemical characteristics of mutant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) grain varieties Samurai1, Samurai-2, and Pahat. A Fully Randomized Factorial Design was used by employing
two factors and three replications. The three varieties of mutant sorghum grain served as
the first factor while four doses (i.e., 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg/ha) of urea fertilizer
administration served as the second factor. The parameters in the chemical test on the
sorghum grain include ash, total protein, amylum, reducing sugar, dissolved protein, and
tannin contents. The administration of urea fertilizer significantly influenced the increase
in the ash, amylum, reducing sugar, and dissolved protein contents of Samurai-1 but did
not significantly do so to such contents of Samurai-2 and Pahat. The urea fertilizer dose
of 90 kg/ha gave the best results of the chemical composition of the three types of mutant
sorghum grain. Chemically, mutant sorghum flour of the three varieties is qualified as a
quality food ingredient with Samurai-1 being the best of the three varieties, in that case,
possessing total protein content of 7.90%, amylum (or starch) content of 14.51%,
dissolved protein content of 2.38%, reducing sugar content of 2.88%, and tannin content
of 0.70%.
Physicochemical characterization of resistant starch type V (RS5) from manggu cassava starch (Manihot esculenta)
Authors: Faridah D.N. , Andriani I. , Talitha Z.A. , Budi F.S.
Published: March 2021

Resistant starch has been well known to have beneficial health effects, mainly for
digestive tracts. Starch isolated from cassava showed characteristics required to produce
resistant starch type 5 (RS5). In this study, we modified tapioca starch through the
gelatinization process with the addition of palm oil, coconut oil, stearic acid and lauric
acid with 3 treatments, i.e. concentration (1) 10%, (2) 20% and (3) 30%. The result of
study showed that modification of starch can decrease starch digestibility, increase levels
of resistant starch and lower amylose levels. The analysis using X-Ray diffraction, strearic
acid 30% had the peak at 7.5°, 22° and 24°. Peak 7.5° was a amylose-lipid complex as
RS5. The profile of starch gelatinization using Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) showed that
the addition of fatty acid can decrease the value of breakdown, setback, and peak
viscosity. These results indicates modification of tapioca starch with fatty acid (stearic
acid or lauric acid) can form amylose-lipid complex (RS5).
Organic acid composition and consumer acceptability of fermented fish
produced from black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and Javanese carp
(Puntius gonionotus) using natural and acid-assisted fermentation
Authors: Ezzat M.A. , Ghazali M.H. , Roselina K. , Zare D.
Published: March 2021

Ikan pekasam is an example of traditional fermented food products in Malaysia, prepared
from freshwater fish such as black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and Javanese carp
(Puntius gonionotus), salt and ground roasted rice, which is added as the only source of
carbohydrate. However, some producers add tamarind (Tamarindus indica) pulp and/or
dried slices of Garcinia atroviridis to assist the fermentation process. In this study, there
was no correlation detected between pH value, titratable acidity (% lactic acid), salt
concentration, organic acid composition and the consumer acceptability of ikan pekasam
commercial samples made of black tilapia as well as Javanese carp. The organic acid
composition in both natural and acid-assisted fermented ikan pekasam from black tilapia
and Javanese carp were compared. The results obtained showed that lactic acid was the
major organic acid detected, followed by succinic acid and acetic acid. The addition of
tartaric and/or garcinia acids was proven to reduce the fermentation time. Therefore, the
addition of acid has assisted the fermentation process by increasing the total organic acid
content, mainly lactic acid. Moreover, the 9-point hedonic scale showed that ikan pekasam
made of Javanese carp had higher overall acceptability due to tender flesh/muscle texture
compared to black tilapia regardless of the fermentation process and organic acid content
A Brief Historical Overview of Curriculum in Early Childhood Care and Education
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Ethnography in early childhood education
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Renarrativizing our earth-centeredness: A perspective from Aotearoa (New Zealand)
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Te wai a Rona. The well-spring that never dries up – Whānau pedagogies and curriculum.
Authors: Skerrett Mary , Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Sustainability and Relationality Within Early Childhood Care and Education Settings in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses one aspect of a recently completed two-year study, that of the enactment of relationality within early childhood care and education practice. The research project, Titiro Whakamuri, Hoki Whakamua. We are the future, the present and the past: caring for self, others and the environment in early years' teaching and learning, involved ten early childhood centres from across New Zealand (Ritchie et al. 2010). Relationality refers to our lived relation to other human beings, other living creatures, and to the non-living entities with whom we share our spaces and the planet. The study has demonstrated some ways in which early childhood educators were able to extend children's understandings of their relationality, their connectedness to others, and to the natural world, following theoretical underpinnings of the Indigenous Māori, such as manaakitanga (caring, generosity) and kaitiakitanga (environmental stewardship) (Tikanga Māori. Living by Māori values, Wellington, Huia, 2003), and of western epistemologies such as an ethic of care (The challenge to care in schools: An alternative approach to education, New York, Teachers College Press, 2005a; Educating citizens for global awareness, New York, Teachers College Press, 2005c, Philosophy of education, Boulder, Westview Press, 2007). © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Surveying support for child and youth political participation in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Phillips LG , Ritchie Jenny , Perales F
Published: March 2021

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Recent decades have witnessed increased empirical and policy interest in children’s citizenship, particularly since the ratification of the United Nations Declaration of Children’s Rights. However, support for children’s active citizenship is often hindered by the pervasiveness of discourses that characterise children as innocent, developing, and free from responsibility. Public and governmental decision-making largely excludes children’s consultation and contributions, often determined by age alone. To quantifiably assess the amount of public support for children’s political participation, we commissioned a Likert scale survey question on degrees of support for children and youth (across four age groups between 3 and 18 year olds) having the opportunity to influence government decisions, in the Australian and New Zealand 2016 versions of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). Analysis of responses to this question in relation to demographic survey data indicate variation in preferences for different age groups, and that age, gender, and political party preference of respondents were variables of significance for both nations. These variables point to potential predictors of attitudes toward political participation of children and youth which have relevance for policymakers and educators in relation to provision of programmes that will increase the engagement of children and youth in government decision-making.
Social, cultural, and ecological justice in the age of the Anthropocene: A New Zealand early childhood care and education perspective.
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

© 2016 by Jenny Ritchie. Educators have an ethical responsibility to uphold the wellbeing of the children, families and communities that they serve. This commitment becomes even more pressing as we move into the era of the Anthropocene, where human induced climate changes are disrupting the planet's systems, threatening the survival of not only humans, but of eco-systems and the earth's biodiversity. This paper draws upon examples from Aotearoa (New Zealand) to demonstrate ways in which a critical pedagogy of place informed by local traditional knowledges can inform early childhood education whilst also enhancing dispositions of empathy towards self and others, including more-than-human others.
Making “eco‐waves”: Early childhood care and education sustainability practices in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Duhn I , Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Kia tau te rangimārie: Towards peace-centred, Te Whāriki-based practice
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Indigenous onto‐epistemologies and pedagogies of care and affect in Aotearoa
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
He Tatau Pounamu. Considerations for an early childhood peace curriculum focusing on criticality, indigeneity, and an ethic of care, in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Ritchie Jenny , Lockie C , Rau C
Published: March 2021

This article discusses some of the philosophical and pedagogical considerations arising in the development of a peace curriculum appropriate for use in early childhood education centres in Aotearoa New Zealand, with and by educators, parents/families and young children. It outlines contexts for the proposed curriculum, which include the history of colonisation, commitments to honouring the values and epistemologies of Māori, the indigenous people, and juxtaposes the proposed peace programme alongside current early childhood education pedagogical discourses in Aotearoa. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Fostering Eco-Cultural Literacies for Social, Cultural and Ecological Justice: A Perspective From Aotearoa (New Zealand)
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Pedagogies that reflect the eco-cultural literacies of local Indigenous peoples have potential to foster young children’s empathy for our planet as well as for other humans and for more-than-human kin such as mountains, rivers, forests, plants, fish, insects and animals. This article explores some ways in which early years educators can implement pedagogical strategies that encompass the eco-cultural literacies of local Indigenous peoples. These pedagogical strategies are illustrated through data gathered from children, teachers and families in two early childhood centres that participated in a wider study of early childhood care and education settings in Aotearoa (New Zealand). The data show how these pedagogical approaches can generate dispositions of respect and restraint with regard to use of resources whilst introducing children to traditional Indigenous sustainability practices. Eco-cultural literacies provide a counter-narrative to dominant discourses that perpetuate the exploitation of our planet and her resources whilst confining the focus of education to predetermined, narrow literacy and numeracy standards. In drawing upon ancient wisdoms, there are implications for how early childhood care and education settings internationally can engage in localised eco-cultural literacies that offer hope for sustainable futures.
Early childhood education as a site of ecocentric counter-colonial endeavour in aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

This article draws upon a range of theoretical domains, first to outline the historical rationale for the urgent changes needed to challenge and transform the dominator culture which has justified exploitation of Indigenous peoples and the resources of the earth. It invites educators to reconsider the narratives that are either consciously or inadvertently promoted in our work, suggesting that we can learn from Indigenous epistemologies in which humans are situated alongside earth others, as respectful, related guardians and caretakers. It finally draws on some examples from a recent qualitative study conducted with ten early childhood centres from across Aotearoa, to illuminate possibilities for enactment of counter-colonial renarrativisation within early childhood settings in service of an ethical project of enhancing relationalities, reconnecting children and their families with the more-than-human world.
Diverse Complexities, Complex Diversities
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Diverse Complexities, Complex Diversities: Critical Qualitative Research in Aotearoa, New Zealand.
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Creating spaces of empathy in the face of regimes of control
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Conceptual Design of Fuel Cell Based Hybrid Unmanned Air Vehicle
Authors: KEİYİNCİ Sinan , AYDIN Kadir
Published: March 2021

Unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) are used successfully in many different fields mainly various military and civilian applications. Recently electric powered UAVs have become more preferable due to their better accessibility, cost, transportation and silence. However, the batteries used in electric UAVs still do not have enough energy density for long endurance flights. Due to the difficulty of using piston and gas turbine engines in small-sized UAVs, hydrogen fuel cells are seen as one of the considerable options to increase endurance and range. In this study, conceptual design of hybrid UAV including fuel cell, solar unit and battery is presented. Small, light and high endurance UAV was designed using aerodynamic calculations and minimum power requirement for cruise flight was determined. 100 W fuel cell produced by Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies and 3S, 5 Ah of battery were used for main power supplies, moreover solar cells to charge the battery were designed to mount on the surface of the wings. Also, a new power management system is designed for switching between the energy sources. As a result of this work, it is determined that fuel cells and solar units are the significant options which can increase the endurance of UAV up to 8 times depending on the design, solar flux, hydrogen capacity etc.
The effect of H2O on the use of ethanol as reductant in the SCR system
Authors: KESKİN Zeycan
Published: March 2021

In this experimental study, effects of H2O on the use of ethanol as reducing agents were investigated on the Ag-Pt-W-Ti/Cordierite catalyst. Ag-Pt-W-Ti/Cordierite catalyst was synthesized using the impregnation method for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx. To investigate the effects of H2O addition on the NOx conversion ratios, tests were carried out at 200-270 ° C under 30000 h-1 GHSV using three different reductants (ethanol, 5 %H2O - 95 %ethanol, 10 %H2O - 90 %ethanol). The catalytic activity of the catalyst increased with increase in exhaust gas temperature. The highest NOx conversion ratio was 89.9 % at 270 oC with ethanol. The tests showed that when the H2O content of the reductant increased from 5 % to 10 %, the NOx conversion ratios significantly decreased at temperatures below 240 oC. NOx conversion ratios enhanced as engine load increased.
Finite Element Stress Analysis of Airplane Seat
Authors: ERDEN Serhat , YAYLA Paşa
Published: March 2021

Finite element method (FEM) is frequently used in the seat industry, as well as in the aircraft seat industry, which is a sub-branch of it, especially in the last 10-15 years. Developments in finite element (FE) analysis have enabled safer and cheaper designs to be created in the seat industry. The accuracy of the finite element analysis performed while using this method is extremely important. For this reason, in creating the finite element model, some important parameters must be selected and processed correctly for the model to give the correct result. These parameters can be listed as element size, time scale, analysis type, and material model. The verification of the Finite element analysis (FEA) results is usually done using experimental methods. It is known that in the finite element analysis results almost equivalent to experimental results are obtained when the aforementioned parameters are modeled correctly. This study aims to perform static stress analysis and topology optimization of an airplane seat using the FEM. The static stresses and displacements created at the seat are calculated under simulated loading conditions. Thanks to the topology optimization study, the weight of the airplane seat is minimized by a 30% without sacrificing seat safety. A comparison of static stresses obtained from the FE and analytical models indicates a reasonable correlation, demonstrating confidence in our FE analysis.
Cylindro-Conical Mild Steel Projectile Impact on E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Laminated Composite Plate Including Delamination Analysis
Authors: YAVUZ Hande
Published: March 2021

Computational impact analysis of an E-glass fiber reinforced laminated composite structure with a conical nose shaped projectile is performed including delamination analysis. In addition to intralaminar damage analysis, interlaminar damage analysis is considered due to the laminated configuration of the protective structure. Threat is made of mild steel projectile and it is modeled using Johnson-Cook material model with ductile damage criterion. Intralaminar and interlaminar damage modeling of target material is realized in the frame of Hashin damage criteria and quadratic nominal stress criterion with Benzeggagh-Kenane fracture criterion, respectively. Stress and damage distribution both in target and threat materials are obtained by mesh gradation analysis via Abaqus/Explicit v6.19. Effect of delamination analysis in computational impact modeling is evaluated by considering the computational cost regarding CPU time and wall clock time. Larger von Mises stresses obtained when excluding interlaminar debonding in the analysis. It is found that delamination analysis significantly improved the damage evaluation of composite laminates owing to impact loading with small computational effort.
Problems of Soviet Medicine in Readers' Letters in Connection with the Interview of Minister B. V. Petrovsky to Literaturnaya Gazeta (1974): Documents from the Fonds of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History
Authors:   I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pivovarov Nikita Yu. , Tikhonov Vitaly V. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the problem that remains virtually unknown to the scholarship, i.e. the ordinary citizens’ assessment of the quality of late-Soviet medical system. It is to introduce into scientific use and to analyze a complex of letters from the readers of several Soviet newspapers concerning the state of Soviet health care system, which were received in response to the Soviet Minister of Health B. V. Petrovsky’s interview to the Literaturnaya Gazeta in the spring of 1974. The letters were deposited in the fond of the Central Committee of the CPSU in the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI). The interview aroused great interest among its readers, as evidenced by numerous letters received in Soviet newspapers and transmitted to the Central Committee of the CPSU. The authors of many letters were critical of the existing health care system in the USSR. They complained of lack of information about treatment, lack of medicines, poor conditions in hospitals and clinics (especially in rural areas), lack of modern medical devices, and insufficient number of ambulances. Some letters defended non-traditional methods of treatment, homeopathy in particular. A special group consisted of complaints about violations of medical ethics: negligence of doctors, their rudeness and callousness, and “impunity” of doctors who committed medical errors. The letters described cases of doctors’ inaction that resulted in patient’s death. Some letters called for authorizing fee-for-service medicine and providing a right to choose one’s doctor. The deluge of letters prompted inspection at the highest level. Employees of the Department of Science and Educational Institutions of the Central Committee of the CPSU and those of the Ministry of Health confirmed most described facts. Following the inspection resolutions were prepared in order to improve the quality of medical personnel’s work. The article concludes that the analyzed letters complex demonstrates problems of the Soviet health care system and population’s dissatisfaction with it, and, furthermore, calls for public discussion and serious reform.
Theodosius of Vyatka – the Confessor of Ivan the Terrible: Portrait against the Backdrop of the Era
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Usachev Andrei S.
Published: March 2021

On the base of the different historical sources (chronicles, acts and household books of the Russian monasteries) the author examines the biography of the confessor of Ivan IV Theodosius of Vyatka. In the works of predecessors (A.A. Zimin, R.G. Skrynnikov, B.N. Florya) only some facts of his biography were mentioned. The study shows that Theodosius had no connections with influential groups in the Russian Church of the period. The historical sources have nothing to say on his close contacts with the Joseph Volokolamsk Monastery, the Kirillo-Belozerskii Monastery, Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (until he became the abbot of the last one). Before his acquaintance with the tsar, Theodosius worked his way from monk to elder monk to abbot. In the second half of 1566 – first half of 1567 he became the head of a significant Moscow monastery — the Andronikov Monastery of the Saviour. No later than in autumn 1567, Theodosius became acquainted with the tsar. During the tsar’s conflict with metropolitan Phillip (Kolychev), Theodosius was included in the commission that investigated Phillip’s activities at the Solovetsky Monastery (along with prince V.I. Temkin-Rostovsky and bishop of Suzdal Paphnutius). The materials gathered by the commission were used at the Church Council in the autumn of 1568. As a result, Phillip was condemned and displaced. Soon afterwards, Theodosius became archimandrite of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (about 1569/70-1572). Quite close relationship was established between him and the tsar. Because of that Theodosius – a representative of the black clergy – became the confessor of Ivan IV in about 1572. (At the time it was the lot of the white clergy representatives, usually protopopes of the Kremlin Annunciation Cathedral.) Wishing to see Theodosius as his confessor, the tsar had broken from this tradition and reestablished the practice of an earlier time (the confessors of Vasily II and Ivan III were the abbots of the monasteries of Moscow and the Moscow region). Being the closest person to the tsar, Theodosius knew the desires of his penitent and followed the eye of the tsar. When at the turn of the 1570s the tsar showed an interest in Vologda, fitting out a reserve residence there, Theodosius made donations for requiems for the soul of Josef, the bishop of Vologda, and to the Spaso-Kamenny and the Spaso-Prilutsky Monasteries. Till tsar’s death, Theodosius remained very close to Ivan IV. The tsar didn’t want to be parted from him. Thereby Theodosius headed no diocese in that period, as it meant leaving the capital. After the death of Ivan IV, he was consecrated as bishop of Ryazan, probably, in October of 1585.
Law and Legal Order in the Smolensk Region after Enemy Occupation: 1943–45
Authors:   K. G. Razumovski Moscow State University of Technologies and Management — Vyazma branch, Vyazma, Russian Federation, Komarov Dmitriy E. , Komarova Olga V. ,   K. G. Razumovski Moscow State University of Technologies and Management — Vyazma branch, Vyazma, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The article addresses the issue of legality in the Smolensk region after its liberation from the invaders during the Great Patriotic War. Combining the totality of crimes in 1943–45 into three groups seems justified: crimes caused by the consequences of occupation; criminal offenses; crimes related to violation of labour discipline in the wartime. The first group includes such crimes as desertion, espionage, treason, and aiding the invaders. As the facts indicate, unlike traitors, to whom no exemptions were provided, accomplices could expect that mitigating and justifying circumstances will be taken into account. Crime was mostly kept down in the Smolensk region (unlike other rear regions). Violations of wartime labor law constituted the largest group of crimes. Moreover, from 1943 to 1944 their number grew by 50%. There was a discussion on adequacy of penalty to the gravity of offense in this category. The authors' position is based on the severity of the situation. The state used all available resources to achieve victory in the war, including forced labour. The Smolensk region data, when compared with other regions, show difficulties in reconstructing nationwide picture of law and legal order. Summarized data should take into account regional specifics. When studying the issue, it is appropriate to divide the country into at least two territories: rear areas not affected by the warfare and combat or occupation zone. Morevover, criminal statistics of the Smolensk region, where the vast majority of population were rural residents, differs significantly from the industrial areas of the country.
Irkutsk Chronicles of the 17th–19th Centuries as a Historical Source
Authors:   East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Chernykh V. V.
Published: March 2021

The chronicles are undoubtedly the most important source for studying Ancient Rus as a whole, as well as its regions, both in the initial period of the formation of statehood and that of centralized state with its established institutions. The empirical base of the research is sources, which may be divided into several groups: chronicles, normative legal acts, scholarship that allows us to record changes in historical process. The methodological basis of the research is general dialectical method, which makes it possible to track effective methods and forms of chronicle development, and method of hermeneutics (scholarship on understanding and interpretation of texts and phenomena, the original meaning of which has become unclear due to antiquity or ambiguity of interpretation). The chronicles were written even in the 19th century, and thus it is of interest to conduct a comparative analysis of the early chronicles and those of the later periods in order to trace their transformations and changing methods over a considerable period of time; to assess how the narrative changed; to identify, if possible, who stood behind the chronicles both of early and later period; to study how the political situation changed; to assess how independent and objective the chroniclers were. The article is to pay tribute to the people who gave us this legacy of historical memory and knowledge of our ancestors and laid the foundation for continuity of national history in all its diversity. No other source provides such diverse, valuable, and often surprising information that allows researchers in various fields of knowledge to write histories of their disciplines. In the aggregate it can provide an image of the nation and follow the historical process in all its diversity, while identifying features of different periods. Therefore, addressing the history of chronicling is to remain an important component in studying Russian history for quite a long time.
Experience of Legal Regulation and Organization of Transport Specialists Training at the Imperial Moscow Engineering School: 1896–1913
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russian Federation, Zemlin Alexander I. , Petrov Yuri I. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Drawing on analysis of laws and regulations of the Russian Empire, as well as on documents from fond 231 (“Emperor Nicholas II Moscow Institute of Railway Engineering”) of the Central State Archive of Moscow, the article investigates issues of legal regulation of student training at the Imperial Moscow Engineering School, legally established requirements for railway engineers’ level of training, and organization of teaching in the said educational institution at the turn of 20th century. The peculiarity of legal documents (legalizations and local acts) studied here is that they present legally formalized requirements for structure and content of educational programs to be mastered by students at the Imperial Moscow Engineering School and for procedure for selecting teaching staff to provide training for railway engineers, as well as analytical materials of the Ministry of Railway Transport on issues related to the subject. The materials studied in this article give an idea of requirements for railway engineers’ level of training, content and system of their training, as well as procedure for teaching staff selection. The historical and legal analysis of these sources and analytical materials allows us to conclude that the Imperial Moscow Engineering School graduates had a high level of education, which in some indicators equaled or exceeded that of the Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers graduates. It indicates that pedagogical activity of professors was premium, which subsequently permitted to initiate reorganization of the School of Railway Engineers into the Institute of Railway Engineers. The scientific results thus presented to the general public can serve as a starting point for further discussion on prospects, trends, and directions of the modern Russian transport education development.
Sergei V. Bakhrushin at the Institute of Red Professors: Lectures on the History of the Indigenous Peoples of Siberia (1936)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dolgova Evgeniya A.
Published: March 2021

The publication is to introduce into scientific use two lectures read by the historian Sergei V. Bakhrushin to his students at the Institute of Red professors in 1936. The published document thematically falls within the field of history and ethnography of Siberia. Bakhrushin’s contribution to this scholarship was significant: he provided a holistic view on the development of Siberia in the 16th–17th centuries and on situation of the peoples inhabiting it; and introduced into scientific use a rich body of archival documents. Thus, any unpublished materials from his heritage are of great interest, particularly, data on his work in the higher school. The document illustrates his manner of presenting historical material and his style of communication with his audience. Bakhrushin began lecturing to the “red professors” after his exile under the Academic Trial. In contrast to his published works and lectures, the document, being a written reproduction of oral speech, includes some errors and inaccuracies. The lectures are important for understanding historical geography and history of the indigenous peoples of Siberia. However, topical contribution of these lectures is greater: they reveal the foundations of the Marxist concept of colonization and economic development of Siberia, which turned into an interesting synthesis of Marxism and national concept of the Russian colonization of the 17th century. The document has been found in the Russian State Historical Archive (GARF). It is being published according to the modern rules of spelling and punctuation, but some errors and inaccuracies in the historical terms and toponyms are preserved and corrected in footnotes. Сommentary preceding the publication of the document is of particular importance, as it brings the source up to date and characterizes the specifics of dialogue in the communist institute in the mid-1930s.
Agent Assets of the Russian Auxiliary Police in the Territory of the Kursk Region Occupied by German Troops: Materials of the Archival Investigatory Records of the Territorial Directorates of the KGB of the USSR
Authors:   Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Bogdanov Sergey V. , Ostapyuk Vladimir G. ,   Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Zalyubovskaya Valeria V. ,   Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

This article addresses one of the least studied issues of the Great Patriotic War — German special services and collaborative security agencies using their agent assets in the occupied territory of the Kursk region. The chronological frameworks of the study cover the period from the seizure of the Kursk region by German troops to its liberation by the Red Army units. The corpus of sources on the subject is extremely limited. The authors draw on the materials of archival investigatory records on former active accomplices of the German occupiers from among Soviet citizens, who throughout the post-war period were actively sought by the Soviet state security organs. Among the defendants in this category of cases were former leaders, their assistants, senior investigators of the city and district departments of the Russian auxiliary police, created under direct supervision of the German occupation authorities in the territory. Analysis of archival investigatory records shows that the vast majority of heads of collaborative repressive bodies (police, gendarmerie, prisons) joined of the German invaders consciously and voluntarily. This circumstance contributed to their zealous service to German invaders. In order to prove their allegiance to the German command and to avoid punishment for failure, these officials actively recruited secret informants — their agents. These agents were mostly recruited from local residents who, for various reasons, agreed to cooperate with the leaders of Russian police agencies. The tasks of the agents included timely information on the anti-Nazi underground, Soviet intelligence, leaders and participants in the partisan movement in the occupied territory of the Kursk region in 1941–43. Quite often, agents were used by the directors of city and district prisons, which were opened by the German occupational commandant's offices in the region. Information about secret agents was carefully guarded. All agents were on allowance from the territorial bodies of the Russian auxiliary police. Due to scope and activity levels of the partisan movement in the occupied territory of the Kursk region, pro-Nazi agents were most active in the Valuyki, Grayvoron, Dmitriev, Rylsk, Sudzha, Shchigry, Shebekino districts.
Secrets of the Soviet Archive: Buryat Shaman Materials in the Book of B. Rinchen
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Dampilova Lyudmila S.
Published: March 2021

For the first time, the author presents results of her long-term work on comparative analysis of the archive materials included in the collection of shaman texts of the Buryats of Russia “Les materiaux pour L'etude du shamanisme Mongol.” The book was published by academician B. Rinchen in Wiesbaden in 1961. As shaman texts were published without accompanying records, the scientific research cries out for comparison of texts from B. Rinchen’s anthology with archival materials of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IOS RAS) and those of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (COMX IMBTS SB RAS). Shaman materials are considered in the context of ethnocultural history of the Buryats. The author strives to reconstruct the archival data in order to identifying territorial and temporal context. The introduction of this unique material into scientific use seems significant. While working recurrently with shaman materials of the fond 62 of Ts. Zh. Zhamtsarano from the archive of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, a comparative analysis of archival materials and texts from the B. Rinchen’s book has been conducted. It has been identified that 19 songs from 56 texts contained in Rinchen’s book were copied from the fond 62 of Ts. Zhamtsarano. In the fond 753 of T. K. Alekseeva from the COMX IMBTS SB RAS 20 more texts have been found, that were included in the Rinchen’s book. The comparative analysis of shaman songs from the Alexeeva fond with Rinchen’s book reveals one major difference (minor variations notwithstanding): the description of rites clarify the text semantics. Repeated search and comparative analysis of materials has allowed the author to conclude that texts from the T. Alexeeva’s fond are not absent in the fond of Ts. Zhamtsarano from the archive of the IOS RAS. Thus, shaman materials published in B. Rinchen’s book can’t originate just from the C. Zhamtsarano fond, as has been formerly assumed. It is quite possible that the book mostly contains poetic songs from the fond of T. K. Alexeeva (90 of 134 pages). Thus textual comparative analysis of songs concludes that T. K. Alexeyva fond is of great scientific interest from ethnographic point of view. It is believed that future researchers may require its data for further research and publication of unique shaman materials with full supplementary records and names of collectors.