bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rigidity of the Torelli subgroup in $\mathrm{Out}(F_{N})$
Authors: Hensel Sebastian , Horbez Camille , Wade Richard D.
Published: October 2024

Let

N\ge 4

. We prove that every injective homomorphism from the Torelli subgroup

\textup{IA}_{N}

to

\textup{Out}(F_{N})

differs from the inclusion by a conjugation in

\textup{Out}(F_{N})

. This applies more generally to the following subgroups of

\textup{Out}(F_{N})

: every finite-index subgroup of

\textup{Out}(F_{N})

(recovering a theorem of Farb and Handel); every subgroup of

\textup{Out}(F_{N})

that contains a finite-index subgroup of one of the groups in the Andreadakis–Johnson filtration of

\textup{Out}(F_{N})

; every subgroup that contains a power of every linearly-growing automorphism; more generally, every
twist-rich
subgroup of

\textup{Out}(F_{N})

–those are subgroups that contain sufficiently many twists in an appropriate sense.Among applications, this recovers the fact that the abstract commensurator of every group above is equal to its relative commensurator in

\textup{Out}(F_{N})

; it also implies that all subgroups in the Andreadakis–Johnson filtration of

\textup{Out}(F_{N})

are co-Hopfian.We also prove the same rigidity statement for subgroups of

\textup{Out}(F_{3})

which contain a power of every Nielsen transformation. This shows, in particular, that

\textup{Out}(F_{3})

and all its finite-index subgroups are co-Hopfian, extending a theorem of Farb and Handel to the

N=3

case.
Ahlfors regular conformal dimension and Gromov–Hausdorff convergence
Authors: Cavallucci Nicola
Published: October 2024

We prove that the Ahlfors regular conformal dimension is upper semicontinuous with respect to Gromov–Hausdorff convergence when restricted to the class of uniformly perfect, uniformly quasi-selfsimilar metric spaces. Moreover, we show the continuity of the Ahlfors regular conformal dimension in case of limit sets of discrete, quasiconvex-cocompact group of isometries of uniformly bounded codiameter of

\delta

-hyperbolic metric spaces under equivariant pointed Gromov–Hausdorff convergence of the spaces.
Experiencia de una contribución al desarrollo sustentable en Chile
Authors: Gross Patricio , Pinto-Aguero Carol , Escaida José , Méndez Patricio
Published: October 2024

Esta investigación muestra algunas de las actividades de la Corporación Ambiental del Sur (CAS), a inicios de los años 90. El trabajo da cuenta de algunas de sus actividades en los territorios locales en un esfuerzo mancomunado entre entes estatales de nivel local como municipios, establecimientos educacionales, vinculados también a las organizaciones regionales, nacionales e internacionales, las universidades y algunas empresas privadas. Actividades que se realizaron fundamentalmente en comunas del sur de Chile y posteriormente en la Región Metropolitana, así como en algunas comunas de otras regiones del país. Metodológicamente el trabajo de la CAS fue el fortalecimiento la gestión local del desarrollo sustentable en la que fueron partícipes activos los municipios, organizaciones sociales como las Juntas de Vecinos, agrupaciones juveniles, establecimientos educacionales. El objetivo es mostrar alguna de las actividades prácticas realizadas de la CAS, sus resultados y los aprendizajes que de ellas se desprenden, que podrían ser útiles para otras iniciativas de esta naturaleza, enfrentadas a los desafíos del cambio climático. Este estudio se basa directamente en las fuentes escritas de la propia CAS referida a sus actividades y las experiencias de los autores de este artículo que participaron durante muchos años en el trabajo y existencia de esta institución. Entre los resultados se cuentan, seminarios, talleres, publicaciones en libros y revistas, acciones prácticas sobre temas ambientales, fortalecimiento de la educación ambiental y la creación de capacidades en los municipios para facilitar y promover la gestión ambiental local.
Спонтанно возникающие сигналы с белым шумом
Authors: Yaskov Pavel Andreevich
Published: October 2024

Дано исчерпывающее описание условий, при которых распределение броуновского движения со спонтанно возникающим сносом типа
квадратного корня эквивалентно винеровской мере. Данная задача тесно связана с теорией гауссова мультипликативного хаоса (ГМХ).
Предложен новый элементарный способ доказательства существования плотности соответствующего распределения, отвечающего одномерному ГМХ в субкритическом режиме.
DINÁMICA ESPACIAL Y TEMPORAL DE LOS CAMBIOS DE COBERTURAS DE LA TIERRA EN LA CUENCA HIDROGRÁFICA DEL RIO CAUAMÉ (1988-2023), ESTADO DE RORAIMA, BRASIL
Authors: Vera Jesús Jordán Marquina , Tavares Stelio Soares , Becerra Neta Luiza Câmara
Published: October 2024

El estudio de la dinámica espacio - temporal en cualquier lugar de la superficie terrestre es muy importante, permitiendo el seguimiento y evaluación de los impactos socioambientales generados por las actividades antrópicas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la dinámica espacio - temporal de los cambios en las coberturas de la tierra para la Cuenca Hidrográfica del Río Cauamé, Roraima, Brasil, para los años 1988, 2003 y 2023, con técnicas de Geoprocesamiento en imágenes Landsat, estimando las áreas que fueron afectadas por las actividades humanas durante este período, analizando también los factores que están incidiendo en estos cambios. Como resultados obtuvimos la presencia de un fuerte proceso de cambios, especialmente las coberturas de sabanas, sustituidas por cultivos y construcciones. Las sabanas ocupaban para el año 1988 un 72,27 % de la superficie total, disminuyendo en 2023 en 60,47 % de la superficie total, con una pérdida de 37.556 ha., Finalmente, se afirma que los cambios en las coberturas, los procesos de deforestación y la amplia remoción de coberturas de sabanas, son producto de actividades antropogénicas, debido a la presión que la población está ejerciendo dentro y fuera del área de la cuenca. Palabras-clave: Palabras-Claves: Geoprocesamiento; Sabanas de Roraima; Recursos Naturales; Clasificaciones Digitales; Fotointerpretación.
Molecular mechanisms underlying roles of long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 in digestive system cancers
Authors: Yang Ting-Fang , Li Xin-Rui , Kong Mo-Wei
Published: October 2024

This editorial reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16 ) in digestive system cancers based on two recent studies on lncRNAs in digestive system tumors. The first study, by Zhao et al , explored how hBD-1 affects colon cancer, via the lncRNA TCONS_00014506 , by inhibiting mTOR and promoting autophagy. The second one, by Li et al , identified the lncRNA prion protein testis specific (PRNT ) as a factor in oxaliplatin resistance by sponging ZNF184 to regulate HIPK2 and influence colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance, suggesting PRNT as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Both of these two articles discuss the mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to the development and progression of digestive system cancers. As a recent research hotspot, SNHG16 is a typical lncRNA that has been extensively studied for its association with digestive system cancers. The prevailing hypothesis is that SNHG16 participates in the development and progression of digestive system tumors by acting as a competing endogenous RNA, interacting with other proteins, regulating various genes, and affecting downstream target molecules. This review systematically examines the recently reported biological functions, related molecular mechanisms, and potential clinical significance of SNHG16 in various digestive system cancers, and explores the relationship between SNHG16 and digestive system cancers. The findings suggest that SNHG16 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human digestive system cancers.
Endoscopic and pathological features of neoplastic transformation of gastric hyperplastic polyps: Retrospective study of 4010 cases
Authors: Zhang Dong-Xue , Niu Zhan-Yue , Wang Ye , Zu Ming , Wu Ya-Han , Shi Yan-Yan , Zhang He-Jun , Zhang Jing , Ding Shi-Gang
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Hyperplastic polyps, which represent 30%-93% of all gastric epithelial polyps, are the second most common type of gastric polyps after fundic gland polyps. They were previously considered to have no risk of neoplastic transformation. Recently, an increasing number of cases of gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHPs) combined with neoplastic changes have been reported; however, the specific mechanism underlying their transformation has not been thoroughly explored.

AIM

To investigate the clinical, endoscopic, and pathological characteristics of the neoplastic transformation of GHPs and explore the risk factors.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was performed on 4010 cases of GHPs diagnosed by gastroscopy and pathological examination at the hospital from 2005 to 2021. In total, 3874, 119, and 17 cases were in the group without intraepithelial neoplasia (IN), with low-grade IN, and with high-grade IN, respectively. The data analysis examined the association of endoscopic and pathological features with risk factors for neoplastic transformation. Factors with significant differences were entered into univariate logistic regression, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Univariate analysis revealed diameter, multiple polyp presence, redness, rough surface, lobulation, erosion, Yamada classification, location, and gastric mucosa were risk factors for neoplastic transformation. Multivariate analysis showed that age > 65 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.789; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.227-2.609; P = 0.003], male sex (OR = 1.680; 95%CI: 1.158-2.438; P = 0.006), multiple polyps (OR = 1.851; 95%CI: 1.230-2.784; P = 0.003), pedunculated or semi-pedunculated shape (OR = 2.722; 95%CI: 1.689-4.388; P < 0.001), and polyp diameter were significantly associated with GHPs that demonstrated neoplastic transformation. Compared with chronic superficial gastritis, autoimmune gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and gastritis with IN were independent risk factors for neoplastic transformation [(OR = 2.672; 95%CI: 1.559-4.579; P < 0.001), (OR = 1.876; 95%CI: 1.134-3.103; P = 0.014), and (OR = 5.299; 95%CI: 3.173–8.849; P < 0.001), respectively].

CONCLUSION

Male sex, age > 65 years, multiple polyps, pedunculated or semi-pedunculated shape, polyp size > 1 cm, and specific background gastric mucosa are key indicators for predicting neoplastic transformation of GHPs.
Are preoperative inflammatory and nutritional markers important for the prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Sforzin Isabella , Borad Mitesh , Uson Junior Pedro Luiz Serrano
Published: October 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer that grows from polypoid lesions developing over the years. It has a high incidence of about 1.8 million new cases annually. While screening and lifestyle modifications have stabilized the rate of CRC in high-income countries, the incidence of early-onset CRC is increasing globally. The worst prognosis for this cancer is linked to recurrence and metastasis, with peritoneal metastasis occurring in 8% to 20% of cases. In these cases, treatment with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is indicated. However, this approach is risky and requires careful selection of patients who will truly benefit from it. This article will discuss the correlation between nutrition and inflammation in patients with peritoneal metastasis and advanced CRC, emphasizing the importance of nutritional and inflammatory markers for assessing disease status. Finally, we will highlight the main biomarkers in the field.
Semi-Active Suspension Design for Truck Using Pneumatic Spring
Joining MR Fluid Damper Based on Neural Networks Controller
Authors: Shehata Gad Ahmed , El-Zomor Haytham M.
Published: October 2024

In order to modify both stiffness and damping rates according to various road
conditions, this research introduces a pneumatic spring in conjunction with a
magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper as a single suspension unit for each wheel
in the truck. Preventing weight transfer and improving riding comfort during
braking, acceleration, and trajectory prediction are the main objectives. A
two-axle truck has been used, consisting of three degrees of freedom for the
sprung mass, including vertical, pitch, and roll motions, and four degrees of
freedom for the unsprung masses, which have been redesigned according to the
different types of springs and dampers. Pneumatic-controlled springs, often
referred to as dynamic or classic models, replace laminated leaf springs
commonly found in vehicles. Additionally, an MR damper replaces a hydraulic
double-acting telescopic shock absorber. These models are studied to evaluate
the effect of pneumatic spring parameters on truck dynamics. Pneumatic stiffness
and the intended damping force are monitored by a recurrent neural network in
conjunction with leveling control. This process provides the recommended voltage
for the MR damper based on the Signum function damper controller. The
performance of the suspension is assessed in the time and frequency domains for
both step and random road excitations using vehicle dynamic parameters. Six
suspension system configurations are compared with the air spring dynamic model
integrated with the MR damper (Model 6), which is recommended as a suspension
system for trucks. According to simulation data, when compared to alternative
suspension systems, Model 6 significantly enhances both ride comfort and vehicle
stability. Model 6 offers improvements in tire workload, truck path, tire–ground
contact point during acceleration, braking efficiency, and stopping distance.
Compared to previous controlled models, Model 6 also demonstrates zero
steady-state offset and zero steady-state error.
Exploring educational dynamics: Insights from the rhetoric and realities of leaders, teachers, students, and parents' contributions to improving educational quality
Authors: Wolle Getu Shiferaw
Published: October 2024

This issue presents the multifaceted dynamics shaping education and institutional development. Drawing on a diverse collection of ten research findings and one book chapter review, it explores factors influencing educational outcomes, such as social media use, parental involvement, teacher effectiveness, culturally responsive pedagogy, inclusive education challenges, strategic management, emotional intelligence, and the role of leadership in research productivity. Additionally, the current issue brings to light some factors that influence education quality, taken from studies that examine the contributions and impacts of key stakeholders, including educational leaders, teachers, students, and parents. This editorial provides insights that underscore the significance of addressing these interconnected issues to improve educational quality and promote institutional success in Ethiopia and beyond.
Faculty members’ conception and practice of teacher professional development: Implications for quality instruction at the university of Gondar, Ethiopia
Authors: Zegeye Addis Tsegaye , Belayneh Amera Seifu , Mengstie Solomon Melesse
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to examine faculty members' perceptions and practices regarding teachers' professional development in enhancing instructional quality at the University of Gondar, Ethiopia. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative research approach using a descriptive case study design was utilized. Data were collected from teachers, department heads, the education quality assurance office coordinator, a dean, and the leader of the higher diploma program, of the university through semi-structured interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. Data analysis was conducted through interpretative methods emphasizing narrative description. The findings revealed that teachers hold misconceptions about professional development and exhibit reluctance to engage in professional development activities, such as workshops and meetings. Additionally, the level of academic dialogue among teachers was found to be insufficient, leading to the dichotomization of faculty into 'old' and 'new' categories, which negatively impacted their commitment to professional development initiatives. To address these challenges, it is recommended that teachers cultivate a sense of responsibility and intrinsic motivation toward their professional development while fostering collaborative relationships. Furthermore, the Ministry of Education is urged to redesign and develop professional development training programs that avoid, if not reduce, the one-size-fits-all and top-down approaches currently prevalent in professional development initiatives.
Exploring the interplay between emotional intelligence and academic performance of undergraduate university students
Authors: Tafa Dagne , Tefera Belay
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence and students' academic achievement. To this end, a quantitative research approach with a correlational design was employed. Participants were randomly selected using a stratified sampling technique, resulting in a sample of 135 second- and third-year undergraduate psychology students. An emotional intelligence scale was administered to these participants, and the collected data were subsequently analyzed using both descriptive statistics (including mean, frequency, and percentage) and inferential statistics (including independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple regression analysis, and mediation analysis). The findings indicated that students' perceived emotional intelligence levels were above average. Group comparison analyses revealed that, among various socio-demographic variables, only sex showed a significant difference in emotional intelligence. Similarly, the analysis showed that only the parents’ level of education significantly impacted students’ academic performance. Furthermore, a statistically significant positive relationship was found between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. Additionally, linear multiple regression analysis revealed that emotional intelligence significantly contributed to academic performance. Mediation analysis further revealed that the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement is partially mediated by sex.  Finally, the study concludes with recommendations aimed at enhancing the academic achievement of students.
The influence of deans’ transactional leadership behaviors on research productivity in public universities: The mediating effect of workplace learning capability
Authors: Abie Ayetenew , Bitew Getnet Demissie , Mengistie Solomon Melese
Published: October 2024

This study examined the effect of transactional leadership behaviors on research productivity in public universities, with organizational learning capability serving as a mediating factor. A quantitative research approach focusing on correlational design was utilized. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire administered to 519 respondents. Both measurement and structural model analyses were conducted, with deans, colleges, and individual academics serving as units of analysis. The findings revealed that deans’ contingent reward leadership behaviors significantly and positively influenced the research productivity of academics and colleges, even when controlling for workplace learning capability. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that deans’ contingent rewards and active-by-exception behaviors significantly and positively impacted workplace learning capability, accounting for 44.5% of the variance, with moderate and small effect sizes, respectively. Additionally, organizational learning capability exhibited a significant positive effect, explaining 54% of the variance in research productivity and demonstrating a moderate effect size, which indicates an unexplained variance of 46%. Bootstrapping tests confirmed that workplace learning capability partially and fully mediates the relationship between deans’ transactional leadership behaviors and research productivity. Consequently, it is imperative for college deans to enhance their contingent reward leadership behaviors and foster workplace learning capabilities to maximize their impact on research productivity.
Yttrium-90 radioembolization treatment strategies for management of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hao Kelly , Paik Andrew J , Han Lauren H , Makary Mina S
Published: October 2024

As the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a significant global health challenge. This paper provides an introduction and comprehensive review of transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with Yttrium-90 (Y90), a widely performed transcatheter procedure for HCC patients who are not suitable candidates for surgery. TARE involves the targeted delivery of radioactive microspheres to liver tumors, offering a promising treatment option for managing HCC across various stages of the disease. By evaluating Y90 TARE outcomes across early, intermediate, and advanced stages of HCC, the review aims to present a thorough understanding of its efficacy and safety. Additionally, this paper highlights future research directions focusing on the potential of combination therapies with systemic and immunotherapies, as well as personalized treatments. The exploration of these innovative approaches aims to improve treatment outcomes, reduce adverse events, and provide new therapeutic opportunities for HCC patients. The review underscores the importance of ongoing research and clinical trials to optimize TARE further and integrate it into comprehensive HCC treatment paradigms.
Mesenteric venous thrombosis in a young adult: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yuan Jiao-Jiao , Zhang Hai-Fu , Zhang Jian , Li Jun-Zhi
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Acute mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT) accounts for only 2%–10% of all cases of acute mesenteric ischaemia, with an incidence rate of ~0.1% in Europe and the United States. It represents < 10% of mesenteric infarction cases and is seen predominantly in older adults. In younger individuals, MVT is uncommon, with 36% of cases having unidentified mechanisms and causes.

CASE SUMMARY

A 27-year-old man presented to the emergency department on February 29, 2024, with a chief complaint of intermittent abdominal pain for 3 day. He was previously in good health. As the abdominal pain was not alleviated by conventional treatment, an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, which showed increased density in the portal and mesenteric veins. Further imaging, including portal vein ultrasound, mesenteric CT angiography, and enhanced abdominal CT, revealed widespread thrombosis of the portal vein system (including the main portal vein, left and right branches, proximal mesenteric vein, and splenic vein). After 10 day of thrombectomy and anticoagulation therapy, the patient’s abdominal pain had improved significantly. Follow-up assessments indicated that portal venous blood flow had largely returned to normal. He was discharged on March 9, 2024. During a follow-up exam 2 months later, repeat abdominal enhanced CT showed that the previously detected thrombi were no longer visible.

CONCLUSION

Clinicians should remain vigilant for acute MVT in young patients presenting with abdominal pain, to prevent misdiagnosis of this fatal condition.
Portal venous gas complication following coronary angiography: A case report
Authors: Yu Zhang-Xiang , Bin Zhang , Lun Zhu-Kai , Jiang Xu-Jian
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Portal vein gas (PVG) is an abnormal accumulation of gas within the portal and intrahepatic portal veins. It is associated with various abdominal diseases, ranging from benign conditions to life-threatening ones that require immediate surgical intervention. Coronary angiography is the standard diagnostic procedure for coronary artery disease. There were no prior reports are available of PVG as a complication of coronary angiography.

CASE SUMMARY

In the specific case described here, the patient did not show signs of peritoneal irritation; however, computed tomography scans findings revealed pneumatosis in the wall of the small intestine, hepatic portal vein, and mesenteric vein, along with acute enteritis (etiology pending classification). A cesarean section was not performed, and the patient received treatment with fasting, rehydration, and anti-infection therapy. Subsequently, the patient's symptoms of abdominal distension and pain improved, and follow-up computed tomography scans indicated resolution of the portal system pneumatosis and intestinal wall edema, resulting in a favorable clinical outcome.

CONCLUSION

Portal venous gas complication following coronary angiography was a complication of coronary angiography.
Phagocytic activity and proinflammatory activation potential of smooth muscle cells of the Tunica intima of human aorta under experimental conditions
Authors: Khovantseva U. S. , Matveeva D. K. , Chakal D. A. , Breshenkov D. G. , Charchyan E. R.
Published: October 2024

The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body, which reaches a diameter of about 3 cm and is responsible for transporting oxygen-enriched arterial blood from the heart to tissues and organs. The aortic wall consists of three layers: the inner Tunica intima, the middle Tunica media and the outer Tunica adventitia. The layers of the aortic wall have a diverse cellular composition and include smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fibroblasts, endothelial cells, etc. Functional disorders in the cells of the intima of the human aorta can lead to various cardiovascular diseases (СVD), such as aneurysm and, as a result, dissection or rupture of the thoracic aorta. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of CVD development remain not fully understood, therefore, the study of the functional characteristics of various cell populations that make up the human aorta is an urgent task today. The aim is to evaluate the inflammatory response formed by cells that are part of the Tunica intima of the human aorta during phagocytosis of latex particles and internalization of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to study their role in the development of aneurysms. The experiments were performed on smooth muscle cells (SMCs) isolated from the intima of the human aorta in patients with aneurysm. Phagocytic activity was studied by adding latex beads to the SMCs of Tunica intima, the ability to internalize LDL was evaluated using the BDP 630/650 dye and a biochemical method, the assessment of the ability to pro- and anti-inflammatory activation was studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results demonstrated that the absorption of latex beads and LDL stimulates the activation of interleukin secretion by smooth muscle cells that are part of the Tunica intima of the aorta, namely the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. This fact may indicate that in the conditions of the body, the human aortic intima SMCs phenotype may switch from contractile to secretory or macrophage-like, which indicates the participation of this phenotypic cell transition in the process of aneurysm development.
Dynamics of clinical and immunological parameters in retinal pigment epithelium transplantation in the context of combined immunosuppressive therapy in the rabbit model of retinal degeneration
Authors: Neroeva N. V. , Balatskaya N. V. , Neroev V. V. , Brilliantova A. G. , Katargina L. A. , Lagarkova M. A.
Published: October 2024

Progressive damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) underlies the pathogenesis of degenerative retinal diseases such as: age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Stargardt’s disease, retinitis pigmentosa, Best’s disease and others. This group of diseases led by AMD leads to irreversible loss of visual functions, blindness and disability. The possibilities of therapy of late stages of AMD are extremely limited. The most promising approach to replace the damaged retinal pigment epithelium appears to be transplantation of RPE cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-RPE) into the subretinal space (SRS). Despite immune privilege in the SRS, transplantation of xenogeneic cellular material causes severe inflammation in the posterior segment of the eye and leads to graft rejection in an in vivo experiment in the absence of immunosuppression. The solution to the problem of tissue incompatibility in this case can be the use of combined immunosuppressive therapy (CIT), aimed, on the one hand, at suppression of local inflammation (in the eye) and, on the other hand, at suppression of the systemic transplantation immune response. The aim of the study: clinical and immunological analysis of the results of transplantation of IPSC-RPE suspension on the background of CIT, including single intravitreal intraoperative administration of kenalog and further systemic application of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), in the model of RPE atrophy in rabbits. Standard and specialized ophthalmological examination was performed at early and distant terms after the intervention in order to clinically assess the posttransplantation process. To analyze the immune status, vitreous humor (VH) and blood serum (BS) of rabbits of the experimental groups were collected. The concentrations of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and IL-2 were determined in the biomaterial using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. According to the results of the study, subretinal transplantation of IPSC-RPE, performed against the background of combination of single intravitreal intraoperative administration of kenalog and systemic application of MMF, is a safe method, which provides preservation of the retina and other adjacent structures of the eye and allows to prevent rejection of xenogenic material during its transplantation both in a healthy eye and with pre-formed RPE atrophy, which opens perspectives for full testing of biological effects realized by IPSC-RPE.
The effect of immunosuppressive agent FTY-720 on coagulation, nitroxidergic lung activity and water balance in experimental antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Urakova M. A. , Kapustin I. V. , Plekhanova E. S. , Pakhmutova P. A. , Shaykhullin A. A. , Sharaev D. V. , Bryndina I.  G.
Published: October 2024

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic acquired autoimmune thrombophilia that leads to impaired non-respiratory lung functions due to the circulation of antiphospholipid antibodies, shifting the balance between the coagulation link of hemostasis and the anti-coagulation system towards hypercoagulation. The research examines the modulating effect of FTY-720 on the water balance, coagulation and NO-activity of the lungs under conditions of experimental APS. The functional activity of FTY-720 is largely due to its ability to bind to S1P1 receptors and block signaling pathways mediated by the interaction of the mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate with them. The main effect of FTY-720 is immunosuppression, which develops as a result of the drug’s receptor interaction predominantly with S1P1 receptors, resulting in the retention of autoreactive lymphocytes in lymph nodes, and prevents further spread of inflammation and damage. The experiments were conducted on 85 male rats, divided into groups as follows: The first group of animals (n = 30) was injected with cardiolipin antigen every other day for three weeks for APS modeling; the rats of the second group (n = 25), which served as a control group, were similarly injected with 0.9% NaCl; APS modeling and FTY-720 injection were combined on the remaining animals (n = 30). Three weeks later, arterial (art) and venous (ven) blood was taken, in which APTT and PT were determined using a hemocoagulometer CGL 2110 “Solar” and the corresponding coefficients of APPT of ven/art, PT of ven/ art were calculated. NO-activity was assessed by the content of plasma NO and NO bronchoalveolar lavage obtained by washing the extraction of the bronchopulmonary complex in anesthetized animals. To study the water balance of the lungs, the mass of moist and dried lungs was measured, were determined the total, extra- and intravascular fluid of the lungs. In APS, an increase in APTT and PT of arterial and venous blood was observed, an increase in the level of NO in bronchoalveolar lavages against the background of worsening nitroxidergic activity of the lungs – the NO index of ven/art decreased. There was a positive effect of FTY- 720 on the restoration of non-respiratory lung functions in APS.
Melatonin as an inducer of Th17 cell differentiation: new mechanisms
Authors: Kuklina E. M. , Sursyakova N. V. , Danchenko I. Yu. , Glebezdina N. S. , Baidina T. V.
Published: October 2024

Cells of the immune system are sensitive to the action of melatonin, and the most obvious target of the hormone is the Th17 T helper subset: in addition to two high-affinity membrane receptors for melatonin, MT1 and MT2, these cells express a nuclear receptor, RORα. Among the secondary messengers involved in the transmission of signals from melatonin receptors, proteins of the sirtuin family are currently of particular interest. It is known that in non-tumor cells, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) not only increases its expression in response to melatonin, but is also involved in the implementation of melatonin effects, as indicated by inhibitory assays using a specific SIRT1 blocker or corresponding siRNA/shRNA. This relates to the regulation of circadian oscillators, as well as the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin. Further mechanisms of SIRT1 activity in the cell include transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression through deacetylation of histones and non-histone proteins, and the apparent target of SIRT1 is the transcription factor RORα. It is this factor that mediates classical melatonin/SIRT1-dependent transcriptional control of key circadian regulators, the genes of which have ROR-binding sequences in their promoters. These data raise questions about the functions of SIRT1 in other cells expressing RORα, in particular in Th17 T helper cells, for which it is one of two key differentiation factors, along with RORγt. And if for RORα such a connection still remains hypothetical, for RORγt it has been convincingly demonstrated in studies both in vivo and in vitro: it has been shown that SIRT1 directly binds to RORγt and stimulates the development of Th17 cells, and blockade of sirtuin suppresses the differentiation of these cells in normal and prevents the development of Th17-associated pathology in mice. Summarizing these data, we can confidently predict the existence of a new mechanism for the regulation of the T helper Th17 population by melatonin, through the activation of sirtuin SIRT1, and this mechanism must be taken into account when interpreting data on the immunoregulatory activity of melatonin.
Morphological changes in purulent wound defect of the oral mucosa when using a non-woven polymer membrane with vancomycin (experimental study)
Authors: Sagdullaeva S. A. , Varakuta E Yu. , Shtyr A. V.
Published: October 2024

Currently, the problem of effective treatment of purulent wounds of the oral mucosa is relevant, scientists are improving dressing materials, creating new coatings. The study tested for the first time a non-woven polymer membrane from a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with tetrafluoroethylene with Vancomycin, presumably which will meet the requirements of an ideal dressing material.
The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of a non-woven polymer membrane with Vancomycin on the regeneration of a purulent wound defect of the oral mucosa in experiment.
35 white Wistar rats were divided into three groups: first group (n = 15), in which the wound defect was left open according to the standard procedure of the wound process in the oral cavity; second group (n = 15), in which the wound defect was covered with a non-woven polymer membrane with Vancomycin; third group (served as control group), in which the rats had intact oral mucosa (n = 5). Tissue samples were collected from the area of the purulent wound on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days of the study and histological sections were prepared using a standard procedure. The indicators were calculated using the AxioVision SE64 Rel program. 4.9.1: area of loose fibrous connective tissue (%), cellular infiltration (%), granulation tissue (%).The statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon tests in Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft, USA) software. Differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.
It has been established that the non-woven polymer membrane from a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with tetrafluoroethylene with Vancomycin has a beneficial effect on the regeneration of the oral mucosa in the postoperative period and reduces scar changes in the later stages of healing.
Güç Sistemi Kararlı Kılıcısı Parametrelerinin Uygunluk Mesafe Dengesi Tabanlı Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi
Authors: Kaymaz Enes , Güvenç Uğur , Döşoğlu Mehmet Kenan
Published: October 2024

Güç sistemlerinde yer alan senkron generatörlerin talep edilen gücün karşılanabilmesi amacıyla maksimum limitlerde çalıştırılması, hat arızaları veya çeşitli mekanik problemlere neden olur. Bu durum, generatörlerin rotor tarafında düşük frekanslı salınımlar meydana gelmesine yol açar. Sistemde oluşan salınımların sönümlenmesi amacıyla sıklıkla kullanılan denetleyici yapılarının başında, güç sistemi kararlı kılıcısı gelmektedir. Bu denetleyicilerin en uygun parametre değerlerinin belirlenmesi, salınımların etkili bir şekilde sönümlenmesi ve sistem kararlılığının sağlanması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, güç sistemi kararlı kılıcısı parametrelerinin en uygun değerlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla uygunluk mesafe dengesi tabanlı parçacık sürü optimizasyonu kullanılmıştır. Önerilen algoritmanın çok makineli bir güç sistemindeki etkisini test edebilmek amacıyla, farklı arıza senaryoları için elde edilen sistem yanıtlarına ve performans indekslerine bağlı olarak karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, uygunluk mesafesi dengesine dayalı parçacık sürü optimizasyonu ile elde edilen güç sistemi kararlı kılıcısı parametrelerinin, diğer algoritmalarla belirlenen parametrelere göre sistem kararlılığı açısından daha etkili sonuçlar verdiğini göstermektedir.
A novel SLM scheme for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in WOLA-OFDM system
Authors: Şimşir Şakir , Taşpınar Necmi
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) issue in the recently invented weighted overlap and add-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (WOLA-OFDM) system. The selective mapping (SLM), one of the most widely used PAPR reduction schemes in OFDM-based multicarrier transmission strategies, can be used to reduce the PAPR of WOLA-OFDM signals. However, the overlapping of symbol extensions in the WOLA-OFDM transmitter considerably deteriorates the performance of SLM. To overcome this problem, we have developed an efficient SLM scheme named dual symbol optimization-SLM (DSO-SLM) for the WOLA-OFDM system. In this new scheme, instead of reducing the PAPR of adjacent symbols separately as in conventional SLM, each symbol is evaluated together with its overlapping predecessor symbol while searching for the optimal transmission signal with minimized PAPR. With the usage of DSO procedure, it becomes possible to enhance the performance of conventional SLM in the WOLA-OFDM system.
Chẩn đoán di truyền ở thai có dị tật tim bẩm sinh kèm theo chậm phát triển trong tử cung bằng kỹ thuật SNP Array
Authors: Nguyễn Phương Tú , Hoàng Thị Ngọc Lan , Trần Danh Cường , Nguyễn Quốc Tuấn
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Chẩn đoán các bất thường di truyền ở thai có di tật tim trên siêu âm kèm theo chậm phát triển trong tử cung.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được tiến hành trên hồ sơ bệnh án từ 08/2022 đến 09/2023 thu được 73 trường hợp thai có dị tật tim được chọc hút dịch ối để chẩn đoán trước sinh tại bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương phù hợp với các tiêu chuẩn lựa chọn.
Kết quả: 9 trường hợp thai chậm phát triển trong tử cung kèm dị tật tim trên siêu âm, tìm thấy có bất thường về di truyền, gồm 8 CNV (copy number variation - biến thể có bản sao) được phân loại gây bệnh, 1 CNV chưa rõ ý nghĩa lâm sàng. Các CNV bất thường tập trung chủ yếu ở hai hình thái dị tật tim là thông liên thất và tứ chứng Fallot. Trong 9 trường hợp này,  SNP Array phát hiện thêm được 4 trường hợp bất thường gen, cao gấp đôi số ca có kết quả nhiễm sắc thể (NST) đồ bất thường.
Kết luận: Các thai dị tật tim bẩm sinh có chậm phát triển trong tử cung đều tìm ra có các bất thường di truyền và SNP Array có tính ưu việt cao trong chẩn đoán trước sinh ở các trường hợp này.
Kết quả phẫu thuật u buồng trứng tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Hà Đông
Authors: Đỗ Minh Thu , Nguyễn Hà Bảo Vân , Nguyễn Tuấn Minh
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Nhận xét kết quả phẫu thuật u buồng trứng tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Hà Đông năm 2021 - 2023.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu trên hồ sơ bệnh án của 93 bệnh nhân chẩn đoán là u buồng trứng được can thiệp phẫu thuật tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Hà Đông từ 01/01/2021 đến ngày 31/12/2023, thỏa mãn tiêu chuẩn nghiên cứu.
Kết quả nghiên cứu: Trong số 93 phụ nữ, 18,3% trên 50 tuổi, tất cả đều được cắt u hoặc cắt 2 phần phụ. Nhóm dưới 50 tuổi chiếm 81,7%, với 80,3% được bóc u, 18,4% cắt u và 1,3% cắt 2 phần phụ. Phẫu thuật nội soi chiếm 75,3%, trong khi phẫu thuật mở chiếm 23,7%, chỉ có 1 ca nội soi chuyển sang mổ hở.
Kết luận: Phẫu thuật nội soi là phương pháp phổ biến, ưu tiên dùng cho bệnh nhân trẻ, nhằm bảo tồn chức năng buồng trứng.
Kết quả xét nghiệm tế bào cổ tử cung và HPV-DNA ở bệnh nhân điều trị tổn thương cổ tử cung tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Thắng , Nguyễn Đức Hà , Trần Nguyễn Chí Kiên , Nguyễn Thanh Hải
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Đánh giá hiệu quả sàng lọc ung thư cổ tử cung bằng tế bào học và xét nghiệm HPV-DNA tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 537 bệnh nhân có tổn thương tiền ung thư và ung thư cổ tử cung từ tháng 01/2023 đến tháng 10/2023. Dữ liệu được xử lý bằng SPSS 16.0.
Kết quả: Xét nghiệm tế bào học phát hiện 71,6% các tổn thương từ CIN 2 trở lên, trong khi xét nghiệm HPV-DNA phát hiện 97,9%. Kết hợp cả hai phương pháp đạt độ nhạy 100%.
Kết luận: Xét nghiệm HPV-DNA có độ nhạy cao trong phát hiện tổn thương tiền ung thư và ung thư cổ tử cung. Xét nghiệm tế bào có độ nhạy thấp hơn, chỉ đạt tối đa 71,6%. Do vậy nếu chỉ dựa vào xét nghiệm tế bào trong sàng lọc sẽ có nguy cơ bỏ sót các tổn thương này.
Hài lòng của sản phụ sau mổ lấy thai về hoạt động chăm sóc tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương
Authors: Lê Thu Huyền , Trần Thị Tú Anh , Vũ Thị Thảo , Đỗ Thanh Huyền , Đinh Thị Thu Hằng
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Mô tả sự hài lòng của sản phụ sau mổ lấy thai về công tác chăm sóc tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 499 sản phụ được chăm sóc sau mổ lấy thai tại Khoa Sản - Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương từ tháng 6 đến tháng 8/2024.
Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình sản phụ là 30,7 ± 4,8 tuổi. Trong đó, tỷ lệ sản phụ hài lòng mối quan hệ giữa sản phụ và điều dưỡng 86,4%; thực hiện hoạt động chăm sóc 83,6%, tư vấn giáo dục sức khỏe 82,4%, hài lòng về chăm sóc tinh thần 81,2%. Tỷ lệ sản phụ có hài lòng chung về hoạt động chăm sóc sau mổ lấy thai 83,2%.
Kết luận: Tỷ lệ sản phụ hài lòng với hoạt động chăm sóc của điều dưỡng tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương khá cao. Cần phát huy đồng thời các hoạt động nâng cao sự hài lòng của sản phụ về chăm sóc tinh thần và tư vấn giáo dục sức khỏe.
Kết quả phẫu thuật u buồng trứng xoắn ở phụ nữ có thai dưới 16 tuần tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Quỳnh , Đặng Thị Minh Nguyệt , Nguyễn Tuấn Minh
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Nhận xét kết quả phẫu thuật u buồng trứng xoắn ở phụ nữ có thai dưới 16 tuần tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu thực hiện trên 60 hồ sơ bệnh án của những phụ nữ có thai dưới 16 tuần được chẩn đoán sau mổ là u buồng trứng xoắn tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương từ 01/01/2019 đến 31/12/2023.
Kết quả: Tất cả 60 bệnh nhân đều được phẫu thuật nội soi. 100% giải phẫu bệnh của u buồng trứng xoắn là lành tính. Phân loại mô bệnh học thường gặp nhất là u nang bì 35,4%, u nang nước 33,3% và nang hoàng thể 20,8%. Tỷ lệ cắt phần phụ là 16,7%. Tỷ lệ cắt phần phụ cao hơn với u có bản chất là u nang nhầy là 66,7% và u nang nước là 25%, có kích thước > 10 cm là 26,7%, Tỷ lệ cắt phần phụ liên quan chặt chẽ với tình trạng buồng trứng được đánh giá trong mổ p = 0,001.
Kết luận: Phẫu thuật nội soi là phương pháp được lựa chọn hàng đầu để điều trị u buồng trứng xoắn. Giải phẫu bệnh hầu hết là lành tính, thường gặp nhất là u nang bì, u nang nước, và nang hoàng thể. Tỷ lệ cắt phần phụ cao hơn ở khối u có bản chất là u nang nhầy và u nang nước, có kích thước > 10 cm và liên quan chặt chẽ với tình trạng buồng trứng được đánh giá trong mổ.
Một số yếu tố nguy cơ xuất huyết trong não thất ở trẻ đẻ non tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương
Authors: Hà Thị Lương , Lê Minh Trác , Hoàng Thị Vân
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá tỷ lệ xuất huyết trong não thất (XHTNT) và nhận xét một số yếu tố nguy cơ xuất huyết trong não thất ở trẻ đẻ non.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang 300 bệnh nhân đẻ non tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương từ tháng 9/2023 đến tháng 3/2024.
Kết quả: Siêu âm thóp 300 bệnh nhân có 49 bệnh nhân xuất huyết trong não thất chiếm tỷ lệ 16,3%, Mức độ XHTNT độ 1: 59,2%, độ 2: 18,4%, độ 3: 12,2%, độ 4: 10,2%. Trẻ dưới 28 tuần thai (52,6%), trẻ dưới 1000 g (32,8%). Siêu âm thóp phát hiện 89,8% xuất huyết trong 7 ngày đầu. Tiêm steroid trước sinh giảm nguy cơ XHTNT (OR = 0,48, p = 0,043). Một số yếu tố tăng nguy cơ XHTNT: apgar < 7 điểm, tuổi thai < 32 tuần, cân nặng < 1500g,  hỗ trợ thở máy, hạ nhiệt độ, pH < 7,2, BE < -10, PaCO2 > 55 mmHg, bệnh màng trong, chảy máu phổi, nhiễm khuẩn sơ sinh, còn ống động mạch, tiêm bicarbonat. Phân tích đa biến: apgar < 7 điểm (OR = 7,5, p = 0,01), tuổi thai < 32 tuần (OR = 5,0; p = 0,02), hỗ trợ thở máy (OR = 8,7; p = 0,03), pH < 7,2 (OR = 13,2; p < 0,001), BE < -10 (OR = 13,1; p < 0,001), PaCO2 > 55 mmHg (OR = 3,2; p = 0,002), còn ống động mạch (OR = 3,2; p = 0,002) làm tăng nguy cơ xuất huyết trong não thất.
Kết luận: Tỷ lệ XHTNT ở trẻ đẻ non khá phổ biến 16,3%, đặc biệt ở trẻ đẻ non dưới 28 tuần và dưới 1000g. Tiêm steroid trước sinh giảm nguy cơ XHTNT. Có nhiều yếu tố nguy cơ làm tăng tỷ lệ XHTNT. Phân tích đa biến: apgar < 7 điểm, tuổi thai < 32 tuần, hỗ trợ thở máy, pH < 7,2, BE < -10, PaCO2 > 55 mmHg, còn ống động mạch làm tăng nguy cơ XHTNT.
Sự hài lòng của sản phụ sau mổ lấy thai khi sử dụng phương pháp giảm đau sau mổ bằng gây tê ngoài màng cứng tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương năm 2024
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Ngân , Vũ Văn Đẩu , Đào Duy Quân , Nguyễn Thị Liên , Vũ Thị Thu Thủy
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng sự hài lòng của sản phụ sau mổ lấy thai (MLT) khi sử dụng phương pháp giảm đau sau mổ bằng gây tê ngoài màng cứng (NMC) tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương (BVPSTW) năm 2024.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 331 sản phụ MLT giảm đau sau mổ bằng gây tê NMC tại BVPSTW từ tháng 01 đến tháng 5/2024.
Kết quả: Tỷ lệ hài lòng chung cao (96,4%), mức độ hài lòng tăng dần theo trình tự: cách thức cung cấp dịch vụ (97,0%), chăm sóc giảm đau (99,4%), kết quả giảm đau (99,7%), thái độ chuyên môn của nhân viên y tế (100%). 37,5% sản phụ chắc chắn quay lại hoặc giới thiệu người khác; 61,9% sản phụ có thể sẽ quay lại, có 0,6% sản phụ không muốn hoặc chuyển bệnh viện khác. Có mối liên quan giữa sự không hài lòng với sản phụ mắc bệnh tăng huyết áp thai kỳ và đau khi vận động sau 36 giờ phẫu thuật (p < 0,05).
Kết luận: Cách thức cung cấp dịch vụ gói giảm đau ghi nhận tỷ lệ hài lòng thấp hơn các nội dung khác, chỉ hơn 1/3 sản phụ chắc chắn sẽ quay trở lại cho lần thai sản tiếp theo cho thấy BV cần xem xét cách thức truyền thông và hướng dẫn đội ngũ nhân viên y tế (NVYT) tư vấn gói giảm đau chi tiết và chú trọng chăm sóc giảm đau nhóm sản phụ có bệnh lý thai kỳ hoặc sản phụ đau nhiều sau MLT là điều cần thiết.