bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF B-HCG AND NITRAZINE PAPER TEST IN VAGINAL WASHINGS TAKING AMNIOTIC FLUID POOLING AS GOLD STANDARD OF DIAGNOSING PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
Authors: Safdar Iqbal  , Muhammad Al-Fareed Zafar  , Ilyas Mehvish , Maryam Javaid  , Fouzia Rahat
Published: May 2023

Background: Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) is common in obstetrics and management of such patients depends on whether the rupture has occurred or not. With membranes ruptured the fetus is deprived of protection provided within the amniotic cavity. Beta-Human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-HCG) is a hormone and is present in high concentration in amniotic fluid as well as in the blood and urine of the mother and is studied as possible predictor of preterm labour and as marker of PROM.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of B-hCG & nitrazine paper test in vaginal washings taking amniotic fluid pooling as gold standard for diagnosing premature rupture of membranes.

Material & Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at Unit Department, of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. After that vaginal washings were taken for β-hCG testing. A pregnancy test kit (Accu Check) was used for detection of β-hCG in vaginal fluid washings. According to amount of µ-hCG in the washings the result has been positive as early as 40 Seconds but for labeling the result negative 5 minutes complete reaction time has been observed. On netrizine kit, the positive test is indicated by distinct colour band on both; control and test side.

Results: Mean age of women was 27.17+4.55 years. Mean age of gestation was 36.16 + 3.30 weeks. Sensitivity & specificity of Nitrazine Paper Test were 92.17% & 66.67%. However the PPV & NPV for Nitrazine Paper Test was 98.15% & 30.77% respectively. Sensitivity & specificity of β-hCG Test was 94.35% & 75%. However the PPV & NPV for β-hCG test was 98.64% & 40.91% respectively.

Conclusion: Results of this stud y showed that B-subunit of hCG measured by over-the-counter available pregnancy test kit is a dependable quick and easy test for detection of premature rupture of membranes. This test can be performed on the bed side of the patient without Lab involvement. This test can be promoted as an additional help for the diagnosis of doubtful and ambiguous cases of premature rupture of membranes.
Logistics Management in Tourism: A Literature Survey on Role of Emergency Logistics Preparedness in Adventure Tourism in the United Republic of Tanzania
Authors: Rutaba Yohana Arsen
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to investigate the significance of emergency logistics preparedness in adventure tourism through a literature review. The methodology used in this study is based on reviewing published papers on logistics planning, preparedness, and emergency logistics in adventure tourism. The information gathered was analyzed to determine the contribution of emergency logistics to adventure tourism. The study is grounded in the resource-based view (RBV) theory, which provides a managerial framework for identifying the strategic resources that firms can leverage to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The study finds that emergency logistics play a crucial role in structuring the best framework for rescue and providing relief for accidents that may occur during adventure tourism activities. The study emphasizes that emergency logistics preparedness is critical in adventure tourism since accidents are inevitable and a quick response creates confidence among tourists and encourages them to revisit. Therefore, the study concludes that it is essential for organizations in the tourism industry, both public and private, to have emergency plans that consider the likelihood of disasters and crises. Such plans should outline the necessary actions to be taken and how to rescue the situation and recover from it. Therefore, organizations in the tourism industry need to prioritize emergency logistics preparedness, including training tour guides on logistical issues for disaster operations, having plans in place relating to routes of rescue, communication of risk, and utilizing human resources in connection with logistical activities and functions aimed at emergency and relief operations.
O USO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS NA ADOLESCÊNCIA DECORRENTES DA PANDEMIA DO COVID-19
Authors: Barcellos Rafaela de Araujo , Baiense Alex Sandro Rodrigues
Published: May 2023

O presente estudo diz respeito ao uso de antidepressivos na adolescência decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19.  Para tanto, objetiva conceituar os termos “adolescência” e “depressão”, com o intuito de apontar os possíveis impactos psíquicos e emocionais, quando estes coexistem no sujeito que vivencia a patologia durante esta fase e descrever os resultados do consumo desse medicamento por adolescentes durante o período pandêmico, cuja problemática é consideravelmente urgente e importante na discussão a respeito da saúde desta população. Partindo desse pressuposto, foram analisados inúmeros trabalhos científicos a respeito, que contribuíram grandemente para a conclusão deste estudo. Identificamos as causas psicossociais associadas à pandemia que desencadearam o uso de antidepressivos pelos jovens e discutimos acerca da dependência causada aos sujeitos em questão pelo uso excessivo deste medicamento. Por fim, investigamos o papel e a atuação do poder público na assistência à saúde mental da população jovem pós-período da pandemia do coronavírus, visando minimizar os impactos psicológicos causados por esse fenômeno que atingiu direta e drasticamente a vida de muitos adolescentes no Brasil e no mundo.
Gelişmiş Deniz Gözlemi: SAR Tabanlı Gemi Tespiti için CNN Algoritmalarının Kullanımı
Authors: ŞENOL Halil İbrahim
Published: May 2023

Deniz gözetiminde gemilerin tespiti, önemli pratik uygulamaları olan temel bir araştırmadır. Bu çalışmada Sentinel-1 verilerinin ve Faster R-CNN algoritmalarının gemi tespiti için kullanımını araştırdım ve %86.11 doğruluk elde ettim. Faster R-CNN algoritması, görüntülerdeki nesneleri algılamada olağanüstü performans sergileyen, derin öğrenmeye dayalı bir nesne algılama çerçevesidir. Sentinel-1, Avrupa Uzay Ajansı tarafından işletilen ve hassas mekansal çözünürlüğe sahip Sentetik Açıklıklı Radar (SAR) görüntüleri sağlayan ve onu gemi tespit uygulamaları için çok uygun hale getiren bir radar uydusudur. Önerilen metodoloji, doğru gemi tespiti için Sentinel-1 verilerini Faster R-CNN algoritması ile birleştirmenin etkinliğini göstererek, deniz gözetimi ve gemi trafiği yönetimindeki pratik uygulamalar için potansiyeli vurgulamaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, deniz taşımacılığının emniyet ve güvenliğinin iyileştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir ve denizcilik alanındaki çok çeşitli operasyonel ve araştırma faaliyetlerini desteklemeye yardımcı olabilir.
A robust blind watermarking scheme based on lifting wavelet transform and hessenberg decomposition
Authors: Abodena Omar
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a novel robust blind grayscale image digital watermarking scheme is introduced based on lifting wavelet transform (LWT) in combination with discrete cosine transform (DCT), Hessenberg decomposition, and entropy analysis for copyright protection of multimedia information. At first, the two levels of LWT are applied to the host grayscale image to improve the imperceptibility of the watermarking scheme and then the high-frequency sub-band of the 2-level of LWT is decomposed by DCT. Next, the DCT coefficients are divided into 4×4 non-overlapping blocks. After that, Hessenberg decomposition performs on each selected block, whereas the first row, first column element of the upper Hessenberg matrix is utilized to hide the watermark. To evaluate the imperceptibility and robustness of the proposed digital watermarking scheme, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and normalized cross-correlation (NC) are utilized to measure the quality and the ability of the proposed watermarking scheme to robust against signal processing operations and geometric attacks. Experimental and analysis results have demonstrated that the proposed scheme is achieved a very good tradeoff between imperceptibility and robustness. The comparison with other scheme have shown that the proposed digital watermarking schemes have a superior performance in terms of imperceptibility and robustness than other.
تقدير عمق الجريان السطحي لحوض وادي درنة بالتكامل بين تقنيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية و نموذج SCS-CN
Authors: عاشور عبدالونيس عبدالعزيز رمضان
Published: May 2023

يعتبر الجريان السطحي نتيجة تساقط الأمطار من المكونات الهيدرولوجية الهامة في تقييم الموارد المائية. تتوفر العديد من الطرق لتقدير الجريان السطحي من الأمطار ومع ذلك تظل طريقة حفظ وصيانة الترب الأمريكية SCS-CN  الأكثر شيوعًا والأكثر استخدامًا حيث أن رقم منحنى الجريان السطحي (CN) هو عامل حاسم في هذه الطريقة ويعتمد على استخدام الأرض أو غطاء الأرض (LU/LC) ونوع التربة وحالات رطوبة التربة (AMC) في تقدير الجريان السطحي. تم تطبيق هذا النهج بالتكامل مع نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) لتقدير حجم الجريان السطحي لحوض وادي درنة. تمت معالجة خرائط التربة وتصنيفها إلى مجموعات ترب هيدرولوجية (HSG) حيث كان HSG السائد في منطقة الدراسة هو التصنيف D. كذلك تم الدمج بين الطبقتين HSG و LU/LC لحساب قيم المنحنى الموزون CN لكل حالة من رطوبة التربة (AMC). من خلال تطبيق هذه الطريقة تم تقدير متوسط حجم الجريان السطحي السنوي لمدة أربعين سنة خلال الفترة 1960-2000م في منطقة الدراسة بـ 138.51 مليون متر مكعب.  علاوة على ذلك تم تقدير حجم الجريان السطحي لعاصفتين مطريتين بناءً على فيضان أكتوبر عام 1945 وأواخر نوفمبر عام 1986. حيث بلغ متوسط هطول الأمطار 145.7 و 64.14 ملم على التوالي. ويتبين من الحسابات أن حجم الجريان السطحي المتشكل أثناء فيضان عام 1945 م بلغ 53.36 مليون متر مكعب بما يمثل 40٪ من حجم الجريان السنوي بينما بلغ فيضان نوفمبر 1986 قيمة 14.8 مليون متر مكعب من المياه وهي قيمة مقاربة لما تم تسجيله من قبل الهيأة العامة للمياه آنذاك. من خلال النتائج المتحصل عليها يتضح أن منطقة الدراسة معرضة لمخاطر الفيضانات. لذلك يجب اتخاذ إجراءات فورية بإجراء عملية الصيانة الدورية للسدود القائمة لأنه في حالة حدوث فيضان ضخم فان النتيجة ستكون كارثية على سكان الوادي والمدينة. كذلك إيجاد وسيلة لزيادة الغطاء النباتي بحيث لا يكون ضعيف ويسمح للتربة بالانجراف للحد من ظاهرة التصحر.
Study The Effect Of Thermal Treatment On The Mechanical Properties Of Bioplastic Produced By 3d Printer
Authors: Raghs Hamdi Abdulhamid
Published: May 2023

In this study, it was investigated whether the load strength of bio plastic (PLA) specimens produced in a three-dimensional printer can be increased by applying the temperature and dwell time variables were applied, by performing 9 different experiments. ASTM D638 standard procedure is adopted for evaluating the tensile behaviour of 3D-printed PLA test specimens. It was examined whether there was a change in the material structure and interpretation was made according to the results. Experimental studies primarily started with the production of samples with a 3D printer. In the first three samples, the temperature was kept constant at 100 ℃, then the fourth, fifth and sixth samples were kept under 150°C, The last three samples were kept at 200°C, and the waiting times were adjusted to 25, 50, and 75 minutes, respectively, for samples. Test samples 7, 8 and 9 could not withstand the high temperature, so the tensile test could be performed up to the number 6 sample. In order to investigate the changes in the heat treated samples, the tensile test was applied to the untreated sample and the remaining 6 samples. After testing the samples, yield strength, tensile strength, maximum tensile and modulus of elasticity values were compared. As a result of the test, positive results were observed in yield strength when the untreated sample was compared with the heat treated samples, which shows that the heat treatment has a positive effect on the samples, and also the effect of heat treatment led to an increase elasticity modulus, As per the effect on the bio plastic surface according to the graphs, the specimen roughness was found to vary depending on the temperature because temperature affects in surface roughness. In our attempts, investigations will have performed by Optical microscope analysis, Surface Roughness Measurement, and tensile testing and this will help us to explain properties of the samples and changes likely to occur in the course of the experiments. The aim of this research is improve the mechanical properties of bio plastic by thermal treatment.
محطات الإنتظار الذكية لحل ظاهرة الإزدحام المروري منطقة الدراسة: (الظهرة – زاوية الدهمائي) بطرابلس ليبيا
Authors: بشير مصباح خليفة النعاس  , محمـــد الولي عبد القادر الشـريف  , منصـــور بن مســــكين
Published: May 2023

طرابلس هي عاصمة ليبيا وأكبر مدنها ويبلغ سكانها حوالي ثلاثة ملايين نسمة تقريبا أي ما يعادل نصف سكان ليبيا وأصبحت المدينة في العقود الأخيرة وجهة الليبيين وتعج بالسكان من كافة أنحاء البلاد، وهذا الوضع إنعكس بالطبع علي الزيادة في حركة المرور في المدينة بشكل عام وعلي مركزها بشكل خاص. وعليه فإن دراستنا تتركز علي منطقة (الظهرة-زاوية الدهماني) لكونها جزء هام وكبير من مركز المدينة ذات الكثافة العالية في عدد السكان وزيادة في ملكية السيارات ومن مشاهد هذا الإزدحام  قضاء المواطنين ساعات طويلة في الطريق قبل الوصول إلي أماكنهم عند المرور علي هذه المنطقة والتي أصبحت بذلك (الظهرة-زاوية الدهماني) تحت ضغط مروري كبير والذي أدى الي ظهور ظاهرة الإزدحام المروري وعدم قدرة الطرق ومواقف السيارات القائمة بمنطقة الدراسة لاستيعاب هذا الزخم المروري مما أجبر مالكي المركبات مثلا علي ركن سياراتهم على جانبي الشوارع الرئيسية والفرعية من الداخل وبالقرب من التقاطعات والمنعطفات، وغيرها من الشواهد الأخري المتعلقة بظاهرة الإزدحام المروري, هذه الورقة  اقترحت إستخدام محطات الإنتظار الذكية كأحد الحلول لهذه الظاهرة . وفي النهاية  ختمت الورقة بخلاصة رسمت بعض التوصيات التي لا محالة ستكون محط اهتمام لكل من له علاقة  بهذا الموضوع.
الحشرات المحللة للجثث ذات الأهمية الجنائية بغابة جبل الوحش، قسنطينة، الجزائر
Authors: نعيمةبن كنانة  , موسى تومي  , شهيناز درويش  , عاطف بن حركو  , عادل حزمون  , وعمار تبول
Published: May 2023

علم الحشرات الجنائي يهتم بدراسة الحشرات وبيئتها من اجل اعطاء معلومات تفيد التحقيقات القضائية. تمت دراستنا الحالية بمنطقة قسنطينة بالشرق الجزائري. تمت هذه الدراسة بالتعاون مع المعهد الوطني للإجرام التابع للدرك الوطني، حيث قمنا بالتعرف على الحشرات التي تشارك في تحلل الجثث (جثة حيوان)، خلال فترة التجربة (من 30 أبريل إلى 23 مايو 2019)، تم جمع أكثر من 1300 فردًا واظهرت الدراسة التصنيفية أن هناك 26 نوعًا من المفصليات. وهي مقسمة إلى خمسة رتب من الحشراتInsectaبالإضافة إلى مفصليات الارجل الاخرى مثل العناكب. يتم تقديم Diptera من قبل عائلة مكونة من سبعة أنواع. تحتوي الخنافس على أربع عائلات من ستة أنواع وHymenopteraثلاث عائلات بها أربعة أنواع. قمنا كذلك بدراسة اتجاه تجميع الأنواع بمرور الوقت حسب مرحلة تحلل الجثة. من أجل استعمال علم الحشرات الجنائي في التحقيقات يجب تعميم مثل هذه الدراسات على كل مناطق البلاد.
تاثير العلاج بالحجامة الرطبة على ضغط الدم ومستوى الدهون الكلية لدى النساء المترددات على مركز الشفاء للحجامة بمنطقة الزوية -الشاطئ ليبيا
Authors: مبروكة محمد الزوي  , ابتهاج عبدالقادر مفتاح  , مبروكة أحمد ميلاد
Published: May 2023

أُستخدمت الحجامة الرطبة كعلاج بديل للعديد من الأمراض.هدفت هذه الدراسة الى قياس آثار العلاج بالحجامة الرطبة على ضغط الدم والدهون الكلية في دم النساء البالغات الأصحاء والمصابات بارتفاع ضغط الدم. جُمعت عينات من 27سيدة يخضعن للعلاج بالحجامة تراوحت أعمارهن بين 22- 66 سنة، 12 منهن مصابات بارتفاع ضغط الدم و15 سليمات. تم قياس ضغط الدم قبل وبعد 30 دقيقة من العلاج بالحجامة لكلا المجموعتين، جُمعت منهن عينات دم قبل وبعد نصف ساعة من الحجامة  لقياس تركيز كل من الدهون الثلاثية، الدهون المرتفعة الكثافة، الدهون المنخفضة الكثافة و الكلسترول وكان جميع المشاركات صائمات لمدة 10- 12 ساعة قبل جمع العينة. النتائج:  إنخفض الضغط الانبساطي و ومستويات كل من الكلسترول، الدهون الثلاثية في الدم بشكل ملحوظ بعد الحجامة في كلا المجموعتين حيث كانت قيمة P اقل من 0.05، كما انخفض الضغط الانقباضي والدهون المنخفضة الكثافةLDL في النساء المصابات بارتفاع ضغط الدم  ولم تتاثر في النساء السليمات، كما ارتفع تركيز الدهون مرتفعة الكثافة HDLفي كلا المجموعتين بعد عملية الحجامة، كانت قيمة P اقل من 0.05. الاستنتاجات: يمكن أن تمثل الحجامة أثناء الصيام طريقة تكميلية مفيدة لتنظيم ضغط الدم والوقاية او العلاج من عوامل الخطر المرتبطة بأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية.
Assessment of Groundwater Wells Pollution by Some Heavy Metals in El-Beida City-Libya
Authors: جلال محمد المنفي  , طارق السيفاط الطيب  , كريمة عبدالغني  , عادل عبدالعظيم  , جبريل اصبيح  , هدى مفتاح  , أميرة فوزي علي
Published: May 2023

One of the most important concerns is the presence of heavy metals in water. Heavy metal pollution in groundwater is a major concern, because of their toxicity and hazard to human life and the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity of five heavy metals present in groundwater wells in different sites of El-Beida city. Groundwater wells samples were collected in January 2022 from 10 randomly selected wells throughout the region and analyzed in order to determine the content of a number of heavy metals namely: Lead, Copper, Iron, Manganese, and Nickel using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), and their levels were compared to the maximum contamination limits specified by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Libyan National Centre for Standardization and Metrology (LNCSM). The results in the current study indicate there is variation among wells. The Lead (Pb) concentrations ranged between (0.33-0.50 mg/l), whereas the Copper (Cu) value ranged (0.07-0.12 mg/l), the Iron (Fe) value ranged (1.15-1.35 mg/l), the Manganese (Mn) value ranged (0.17-0.75 mg/l), and the Nickel (Ni) value ranged (0.19-0.52 mg/l). Most of the heavy metal analyzed in this study were exceed permissible limits for international standards of drinking water by WHO or LNCSM  while Copper (Cu) did not exceed permissible limits for international standards of drinking water.
Identifying the Difficulties of Learning Programming for Non-English Speakers at CQUniversity and Sebha University
Authors: إبراهيم النعاس  , مايكل أ.كاولينج  , روجر هادجرافت
Published: May 2023

Since computers have become widely used, programming has become a critical skill. Programming languages are built upon English language words and phrases. It is possible that this could make learning an English-based programming language for non-English language speakers especially challenging. In actuality, the literature did not say much. While many focused on solutions to teaching programming, and some researchers focused on the problems that led to these solutions, very few researchers made any distinction between the language capabilities of novices. Based on the literature, this research study highlights issues that directly influence beginners learning programming, looking particularly at the difficulties faced by those that do not have English as a first language. The methodological approach used in this research is a mixed methods design, with the questionnaire method for data collection in both CQUniversity in Australia and Sebha University in Libya, with experienced programmers and novice programmers in various stages of their study. These data were categorized and analysed to identify areas of difficulty. It became clear that there was a difference. While Australian students identified issues with loop statements (Do...While) and other program logic, Libyan students identified the major problem to be error messages and their interpretation, with over 71% of students identifying this as a problem. However, error messages were mentioned by just 2% of participants at CQUniversity. It was clear that English was a problem.
The Ratio Predator-Prey Model with Random Initial Conditions
Authors: Omar Almbrok Hussin Alsonosi , Ahmed Iman Aissa Alghannay
Published: May 2023

In this work, the predator-prey model with the ratio-dependent functional response is considered,  where the randomness enters into the equations only through their initial conditions. It is done by assuming normal distribution as the initial states of the model to treat the randomness. The passage from the deterministic situation to the random one for these equations is also the most transparent. In addition, a numerical simulation will be offered using the modified approach founded on the fifth-order improved Runge-Kutta method. Furthermore, the stability of the equilibrium points, and certain statistical properties related to the random behaviour of predators and their prey, will be analyzed and discussed.
La oración de la beata. Un estudio de caso sobre la religiosidad de una mujer conversa (Castilla, 1487-1490)
Authors: Bahr Cecilia
Published: May 2023

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar una oración incluida como prueba de acusación en un juicio inquisitorial contra Mencía Suárez, beata vecina de Ocaña, quien a fines del siglo XV fue acusada de judaizante. El estudio nos acerca a la vida y las creencias de una mujer de familia conversa en la que se reúnen el legado ancestral con la espiritualidad y las prácticas dominantes de la sociedad en la que vivía.
This paper aims to inquire for the sociodemographic structure of the Venezuelan occupied labour force and its differences in comparison to the national occupied labour force in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. To achieve this purpose, this research relies on data for the year 2021 from the Integrated Great Survey of Households (Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares - GEIH), a monthly socio demographic survey GEIH that captures information related to the main characteristics of the studied population. In this sense, comparisons in terms of educational levels, income, occupational status, family structure, gender and age groups were done in order to determine differences and common patterns. Finally, a hierarchical cluster analysis strategy was proposed to identify possible sociodemographic typologies of the Venezuelan labour force
Authors: Rojas Ospina David Esteban
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to inquire for the sociodemographic structure of the Venezuelan occupied labour force and its differences in comparison to the national occupied labour force in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. To achieve this purpose, this research relies on data for the year 2021 from the Integrated Great Survey of Households (Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares - GEIH), a monthly socio demographic survey GEIH that captures information related to the main characteristics of the studied population. In this sense, comparisons in terms of educational levels, income, occupational status, family structure, gender and age groups were done in order to determine differences and common patterns. Finally, a hierarchical cluster analysis strategy was proposed to identify possible sociodemographic typologies of the Venezuelan labour force.
Ադրբեջանական ագրեսիայի հանդեպ քաղաքակիրթ աշխարհի «լռության գինը» / «Price of Silence» of the Civilized World Towards Azerbaijani Aggression
Authors: PAKHLYAN Anna
Published: May 2023

In the context of the paper, the permissive and extremely tolerant attitude of the civilized world to the arrogant and wild actions and war crimes of Azerbaijan in
the framework of the Artsakh-Azerbaijani war of 2020
and beyond was discussed.
Drawing parallels with the same civilized world's reverse attitude to the Russo-Ukrainian war of 2022 and
the insane obsession with “punishing” Russia with sanctions reveals the use of double standards.
Studies have shown that the "silence" of the civilized
world in relation to Azerbaijani aggression is based on
"weighty" economic interests, starting from the aspirations to replace Russian energy resources with Azerbaijani ones, to the share participation in the Azerbaijani
oil and gas infrastructures and obtaining the exclusive
right to exploit the Nagorno Karabakh mines.
Հայաստանի ագրարային ոլորտի թվայնացումը որպես տեխնիկական առաջընթացի արագընթաց ճանապարհ/ Digitalization of the Agricultural Sector of Armenia as a Fast Path to Technical Progress
Authors: AVETISYAN Samvel
Published: May 2023

Just two decades ago, it was hard to imagine that
artificial intelligence could control not only technical
processes, but also the growth and development of
plant and animal organisms. Just two decades ago,
a sensor system that controls the feeding, care and
milking of cows, or automatic climate control equipment
for greenhouse farms, was perceived as the last word in
technical progress in agriculture. However, they are now
perceived as general innovations in the digitalization of
production, as new digital technologies control tractors
and combines in the field without direct human
intervention, assess the needs of plants for nutrients
and water, and automatically carry out irrigation and
fertilization operations. Moreover, artificial intelligence
monitors animal health, plant diseases and pests and
takes the necessary measures.
The paper highlights the current state of digitalization
in the field of agriculture, the main directions of
its development in Armenia and the importance of
cooperation between the public and private sectors.
Գնաճը և աղքատությունը. համաշխարհային տնտեսության զարգացման միտումները / Inflation and Poverty: Trends in the Development of the World Economy
Authors: BULANIKYAN Vahe
Published: May 2023

Today we constantly hear that inflation is the highest in the last 40 years. The question of how to better
control inflation is back on the agenda of economic
policy. It should be borne in mind that, although in
developed countries inflation has reached unprecedented
levels in recent decades, even a 10% price increase does
not threaten developed countries with a serious decline
in living standards, while in developing countries,
especially in the poorest countries in Africa, a change in
inflation can lead to hunger. Summarizing the article,
we can say that inflation has indeed reached very high
values today, especially when compared with the trends
of recent decades, when the average level of price
growth was very low. If we use a comparable calculation
method, then in the United States and in a number of
other developed countries, inflation is today the highest
in 75 years. Such a trend can affect the consumer
market and economic dynamics, becoming the cause of
the crisis. It is unlikely that the current case will be an
exception.
Ուխտագնացություն դեպի առաջին քրիստոնյա երկիր՝ Հայաստան. կրոնական զբոսաշրջության զարգացման ներուժը ՀՀ-ում / Pilgrimage to the First Christian Country – Armenia։ Religious Tourism Development Potential in Armenia
Authors: TOVMASYAN Gayane
Published: May 2023

Religious or pilgrimage tourism is one of the main types of tourism in Armenia. Armenia is
considered to be the first country to adopt Christianity as a state religion. Today there are 1475
churches and 610 chapels in Armenia. The total number of religious objects is 2444. There are
essential preconditions for the development of religious tourism in Armenia. The article introduces
some pilgrimage tourism routes, as well as suggestions for expanding the routes, improving marketing
activities, celebrating Christian holidays attracting tourists, as well as giving certificate of "Pilgrimage
to the first Christian country - Armenia" to tourists, which is used in Christian pilgrimage centers - in
Jerusalem, Vatican, and Santiago de Compostela.
Educação ambiental para a sustentabilidade nas escolas públicas do Cariri Ocidental Paraibano.
Authors:   , Noemi de Oliveira Bezerra Rebeca
Published: May 2023

O Cariri Ocidental Paraibano é uma das microrregiões dentro do estado que mais sofre com a degradação do meio ambiente, como o avanço da desertificação do bioma Caatinga (este é, em especial, um dos principais problemas ambientais sofridos na microrregião), erosão dos solos, poluição das bacias hidrográficas, desmate das matas ciliares, entre outros fatores. A educação ambiental se define como uma medida de preparar as pessoas desde cedo para preservar a natureza que dela usufrui, respeitar os seres vivos, tornar saber os problemas ambientais que se passam na região e no mundo, fazer alguma ação em prol da integridade da natureza, ter em mente que os recursos naturais são finitos e por isso devem ser usados com responsabilidade, aprender a melhorar o relacionamento entre a sociedade e o meio ambiente e praticar a sustentabilidade. Como forma de lutar contra o desgaste dos ecossistemas e ainda trabalhar a sustentabilidade e difundir o conhecimento da preservação ecológica está a educação ambiental. Esta quando inserida no contexto escolar, tenta trazer mudanças presentes e futuras na construção de uma sociedade mais conscientizada, educando alunos, crianças e jovens. Este trabalho reuniu algumas pesquisas e discussões sobre o surgimento da educação ambiental e sua importância quando inserida nas bases curriculares das escolas públicas, principalmente as do Cariri Ocidental Paraibano que conta com projetos, pesquisas e ações em educação ambiental através de iniciativas e parcerias entre alunos e professores das escolas e das Universidades Federais como ocorre no município de Sumé e em outros da região.
Woven EndoBridge system for wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms treatment: Preliminary results of the first center in Southeast Asia
Authors: An Nguyen Huu , Luu Vu Dang , Tuan Tran Anh , Anh Nguyen Quang , Kien Le Hoang , Thien Nguyen Tat , Trang Nguyen Thu
Published: May 2023

This study reports the initial results of wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms treated with Woven EndoBridge (WEB) system at one of the first centers in Southeast Asia from April 2019 to June 2022. A total of 12 patients (50% female, median age of 66) with 12 aneurysms (9 unruptured and 3 ruptured) were recruited. The aneurysms were located in the basilar apex (4 patients), anterior communicating artery (4 patients), middle cerebral artery (3 patients), and posterior cerebral artery (1 patient). The average aneurysm size was 6.3mm (range 4.8 - 8.0mm) with mean dome to neck ratio of 1.2 and mean neck size of 5.4 mm (range 3.7 - 6.9mm). The technique was successful in all cases (100%) without any adjunctive devices. No intraoperative rupture occurred. Thromboembolic complications that occurred in two patients resulted in death in 1 patient (accompanied by retroperitoneal bleeding) (1/12, 8.3%) and moderate disability in 1 patient (1/12, 8.3%). The MRI follow-up at 3 months showed complete occlusion in 6 aneurysms (6/11, 54.5%) and neck remnant in 5 aneurysms (5/11, 45.5%). The study demonstrated that the WEB system alone was feasible to treat both ruptured and unruptured wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms. This device seems to be a promising tool for the treatment of complex wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms.
Incision caring for thyroid nodules surgery without drainage at Hanoi Medical University Hospital
Authors: Hau Nguyen Xuan , Ngan Pham Hanh
Published: May 2023

Thyroid nodules are the most common among endocrine gland tumors, including benign thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment in thyroid nodules. Drainage making patients more painful after surgery, and at the same time prolonging hospital stay. WE conducted a randomized controlled trial. Study subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: placement of drainage and no drainage by random selection before surgery. Total of 84 study subjects include patients with thyroid nodules who underwent surgery at the Department of Oncology and Palliative Care, Hanoi Medical University Hospital from May 2018 to November 2018. Average age was 47.12 ± 11.2 (17 - 76) years old; tumor palpable sign was 58.3%; 58.3% of nodules are in two lobes and nodules ≤ 10mm was 39.3%, TIRADS 4: 76.2%; and 58.3% thyroid cancer and 41.7% benign thyroid nodule. Univariate analysis of clinical characteristics between the two study groups: Similarities in age group, tumor size, number of tumors, histological diagnosis between the two intervention groups. Group without drainage had VAS0: 3.8 ± 0.2, VAS1: 2.3 ± 0.8, complications of fluid collection accumulation 9.5%, subcutaneous hematoma accumulation 4.8%, hypoparathyroidism 4.8%, hoarseness 7.1%, no cases of bleeding requiring reoperation and postoperative infection, hospital stay 4.7 ± 0.5 days, satisfaction level 4.6 ± 0.5, higher than drainage group. No drainage in several thyroid surgery cases is safe, with shortened surgery period, hospitalized period, and brings comfort and convenience to patients in the postoperative period.
Geriatric syndromes and nutrition status of elderly osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Luc Tran Viet , Tam Nguyen Ngoc , Thu Nguyen Thi Hoai , Huyen Vu Thi Thanh
Published: May 2023

This study describes numerous characteristics of comorbidities and geriatric syndromes in elderly osteoarthritis patients at the National Geriatrics Hospital. A cross-sectional study on 184 knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients aged ≥ 60 years old treated at the National Geriatrics Hospital. The mean age of the patients was 73.12 ± 8.62 years, male patients accounted for 83.7%. Most participants (85.9%) had experienced 2 sides of knee OA, more than half of these participants (63.6%) were experiencing moderate pain. There were 73 patients with reduced mobility accounting for 39.7%. The dependency ratio of functional activities on the ADL scale was 32.6%, and on the IADL scale it was 35.9%. The number of participants using less than 5 drugs was 45.7%. More than half of the survey participants used polypharmacy accounting for 54.3%. There was a significant association between nutritional status and reduced physical function (ADLs and IADLs), impaired cognitive function, depression status and sleep disorder. Geriatric syndromes and risk of malnutrition are common in older OA patients, and assessment for them should be done routinely in these patients to early detect impaired physical activities, impaired cognitions, depression problems, sleep disturbances and progressive symptoms of knee osteoarthritis.
Association between lower body strength and related factors in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Luc Tran Viet , Thu Nguyen Thi Hoai , Anh Nguyen Lan , Huyen Vu Thi Thanh
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is identify the association between lower body strength and some related factors in community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study with people ≥ 60 years old. Variables including demographic information, body mass index, 30-second chair stand test, frailty, time up and go test, cognitive function, falls risk, depression risk, functional independence and nutrional status, and history of fall. Lower body strength was defined by 30 seconds stand test. A total of 396 participants with mean of age was 69.6 ± 7.9 were tested. The mean of thirty second chair stand test was 11.44 ± 2.9. Cognitive function impairment and time up and go test < 12s were significant associated with lower body strength in multivariate logistics (p < 0.05). Evaluating the strength of the lower body is important to identify imbalance problems and falls. It is essential to have early screening for cognitive function and time up and go test.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment in older post-stroke patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Huong Nguyen Thi Thu , Anh Nguyen Trung , Luc Tran Viet
Published: May 2023

This study aims to identify the components of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in older post-stroke patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 137 post-stroke patients aged ≥ 60 years old being treated at the National Geriatric Hospital. The components of CGA were assessed as medical status (nutrition; urinary incontinence, frailty, visual and hearing ability); functional status (Barthel index, instrumental activity daily living, risk of fall); neuropsychological status (cognition and depression). 66.4% of patients had an ischemic stroke, and 33.6% of patients had a hemorrhage stroke. In both ischemic and hemorrhagic post-stroke groups, domains such as functional impairment, malnutrition, vision loss, high risk of falls, cognitive impairment, and depression account for a high rate (≥ 50%). There was no statistically significant difference in rates of CGA domains between the two groups of patients with ischemic and hemorrhage stroke. This study showed a high prevalence of most components of CGA in older post-stroke patients both in ischemic stroke and hemorrhage stroke patients.
Allele and haplotype frequencies in patients with Hematopoietic stemcell transplantation in National Children’s Hospital
Authors: Binh Nguyen Thanh , Anh Pham Minh
Published: May 2023

HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) gene is located on chromosome 6’s short arm, including several loci. HLA genotyping is necessary for transplantation, especially in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A cross-sectional study to determine the frequency of HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 alleles of 122 patients admitted to the National Children’s Hospital for Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from the year between 2010 and 2020. The patients’ HLA genotyping was performed by PCR-SSP method using Micro SSPTM Generic HLA Class I and II DNA Typing Tray (One Lambda). The results showed that the HLA-A locus has 12 alleles of which the highest frequency alleles are A*11 (24.18%), A*02 (23.36%), A*33 (20.90%), and A*24 (14.34%). HLA-B locus has 24 alleles in which the highest frequency alleles are B*15 (24.59%), B*58 (12.30%), B*07 (9.02%), and B*46 (8.20%). HLA-C locus has ten alleles of which the highest frequency alleles are C*03 (24.59%), C*07 (22.12%), and C*04 (13.52%). HLA-DRB1 locus has 13 alleles of which the highest frequency alleles are DRB1*12 (23.77%), DRB1*03 (11.07%), DRB1*15 (10.25%), and DRB1*09 & DRB1*07 (8.20%). There are 1984 haplotypes combined from 4 loci HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-DRB1, of which the highest frequency haplotypes are A*11/B*15/C*08/DRB1*12 (1.21%); A*33/B*58/C*03/DRB1*03 (1.06%); A*11/B*15/C*04/DRB1*12 (0.76%); A*11/B*15/C*04/DRB1*12 (0.71%), and A*11/B*15/C*03/DRB1*12 (0.71%). The study provides the frequencies of alleles and haplotypes of HLA genotypes in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. This is very important information for choosing stem cell donors and establishing the stem cell bank.
Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Escherichia coli and Histamine Contents in Raw Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) Sold in Open Markets in Sagamu, Nigeria
Authors: O. L. Okunye  , Idowu P. A. , Okanlawon B. M. , Adejumo O. E. , Lawal A. S. , Ademola S. R.
Published: May 2023

Background: A food borne sickness called histamine fish poisoning is frequently brought on by eating some fish species that have high levels of histamine and other biogenic amines in their tissues. When fish is improperly stored and preserved, its natural makeup makes it polluted. Objectives: This study was carried out to examine the histamine contents, determine the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing isolates of Escherichia coli from the gut of raw mackerel fish obtained in Sagamu markets and relate the plasmid isolated, if present, with Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL). Materials and Methods: Fifty (50) mackerel fish were dissected and their guts were removed for the isolation of E. coli on eosin methylene blue agar medium. The isolates obtained were Gram stained, biochemically characterized, and thereafter plated on Mueller Hinton agar impregnated with ESBL discs by double disc synergy methods. Ten gram (10 g) of each part of fish weighing 100 g was blended for histamine determination by spectrophotometry and plasmid analysis of some selected ESBL resistance amongst the isolates were determined. Results: Escherichia coli were found in all fifty mackerel fish and 31 (62%) of those were ESBL producers. All of these were plasmid-free. In 14 (28%) of the 50 fish analysed, histamine concentrations of more than 100 mg/100 g exceeded the tolerance threshold of 10 mg/100 g, Conclusion: The results from the study showed that some of the fish sold in the markets of Sagamu contain ESBL producing Escherichia coli which may be considered as reservoirs for resistant bacteria. Significant level of histamine recorded surpassed histamine tolerance level in fish for human consumption. There is a need to provide storage facilities and raise hygiene awareness in markets where fish is sold.
Assessment of the Purchase Preferences of Nigerian Consumers Regarding Domestic and Foreign Products Sold in Community Pharmacies: A Case Study of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors:   Pharmacists Council of Nigeria, Headquarters, Plot 7/9 Idu Industrial Area, Abuja, Nigeria, Mohammed E. , Ezike A.C. ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria, Ahmed I.B. ,   Pharmacists Council of Nigeria, Headquarters, Plot 7/9 Idu Industrial Area, Abuja, Nigeria, Okafor U.G. ,   Pharmacists Council of Nigeria, Lagos Zonal Office, Medical Compound, off Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria, Ogidan O. ,   Pharmacists Council of Nigeria, Lagos Zonal Office, Medical Compound, off Edmund Crescent, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria, Aderinola F.M. ,   Pharmacists Council of Nigeria, Headquarters, Plot 7/9 Idu Industrial Area, Abuja, Nigeria
Published: May 2023

Background: Currently, consumers worldwide are exposed to and have more opportunities to choose from an extensive variety of foreign and domestic products. Objective: This study examined the purchase behaviours of consumers in Lagos State regarding locally manufactured and foreign medicines and other products sold in community pharmacies. Methods: A cross-sectional study among clients of community pharmacies in Lagos State was deployed. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires containing both open-ended and closed-ended questions, in electronic Google Forms®, and analysed using Microsoft Excel® Results: Majority of the consumers (60.1%) prefer to purchase foreign products stocked in a community pharmacy, 27.4% domestic products, while 12.1 -13.2% were neutral. More consumers prefer to purchase locally manufactured herbal products (local vs foreign) (56.9 vs 46.6%) and beverages (56.4 vs 55.9%). More consumers prefer to purchase foreign medicines (foreign vs local) (68.6 vs 58.2%), other medical products (50.4 vs 32.5%), toiletries (49.7 vs 46.7%), and cosmetics (55.4 vs 43.9%). In decreasing order of significance, cost, availability, and prescription, determined their preference for local products; while quality, prescription, and experience with the product determined their preference for foreign products. However, some consumers purchase local products due to patriotism (18.2%) and ethnocentrism (10.8%). Conclusion: Nigerian consumers prefer foreign medicines, cosmetics, and toiletries to locally manufactured ones as they believe that they are of superior quality, and they are willing to pay a higher price for them. There is need to properly regulate, strengthen, and support local industries to ensure manufacture of good quality products and boost the economy.
A mezőgazdaság és a turizmus termelékenységi mutatói Zala és Somogy megyékben
Authors: Hollósy Zsolt , Bacsi Zsuzsanna
Published: May 2023

A tanulmány Magyarország két vidéki térségében hasonlította össze a mezőgazdasági és turisztikai cégek teljesítményét. A 2004-2019-ig terjedő időszakra (16 év) vonatkozóan 2613 cég értékelése történt. Az adatok a vizsgált megyék összes olyan társas vállalkozásának adóbevallásából származnak, amelyek 2004-ben és 2019-ben is működtek, tekintet nélkül arra, hogy mikor kezdték meg működésüket. A mezőgazdaság és a vidéki turizmus függ a környezeti tényezőktől, így a káros környezeti, természeti események súlyosabban érintik őket, mint más termelő vagy szolgáltató iparágakat. A kutatás célja a két iparág közötti különbségek azonosítása, valamint gazdasági teljesítményük időbeli mintázatainak, és méretükhöz kapcsolódó jellemzőik feltárása volt. A munkaerőt, az árbevételt, a mérlegfőösszeget, a munkatermelékenységet és a teljes tényezőtermelékenységet (TFP) leíró statisztikákkal és panelregressziós elemzéssel értékeltük. Az eredmények azt mutatták, hogy ebben a két iparágban a cégek teljesítménye jelentősen eltér a mérlegfőösszeg, az árbevétel, a munkaerőfelhasználás, és a munkaerő termelékenysége vonatkozásában, de nem tér el TFP tekintetében. Az összehasonlítást a 16 év átlagában, illetve az indikátorok időbeli változásain keresztül is vizsgáltuk. Eredményeink rávilágítanak arra, hogy a vállalkozások teljesítménye méretük alapján is jelentősen eltér. A kisebb cégek általában munkaerő-hatékonyabbak, mint a nagyobbak. A munkaerő-hatékonyságot továbbá pozitívan befolyásolja a teljes eszköz érték, a TFP-t viszont nem. Az általános feltételezésekkel ellentétben a mezőgazdaság nem kevésbé hatékony, mint a turizmus.
A pulykahízlalás jövedelemtermelő képességének alakulása jó színvonalon gazdálkodó magyarországi üzemekben
Authors: Kálmán Ákos , Erdős Adél Dorottya , Kertész-Molnár Szilvia , Szűcs István , Szőllősi László
Published: May 2023

A vágópulyka-előállításnak napjainkban számos kihívással kell szembenéznie, amely a világgazdasági folyamatokból, valamint az állattartás nehézségeiből és biológiai sajátosságaiból fakad. Bár a pulykahús kedvező beltartalma és magas ásványianyag-tartalma miatt kedvelt fehérjeforrás, kereslete az elmúlt években – főként a HORECA (hotelek, éttermek, kávézók) szektor kiesése miatt –, globális szinten mérséklődött. Jelen tanulmányban a magyarországi pulykahús-előállító szakágazat üzemtani vizsgálatát tűztük ki célul. A kutatás során egy hazai, jó színvonalon gazdálkodó vágópulyka előállításával foglalkozó „virtuális üzemet” modelleztünk, amelyhez determinisztikus elven működő szimulációs modellt alkalmaztunk. A „virtuális üzem” lényegében az országban működő gazdaságok felső negyedébe tartozókat tükrözi, nem pedig az országos átlagot. A modellkalkuláció időhorizontja 2022. év elejére vonatkozik, így az eredmények is az akkori input és output árak mellett értelmezhetők. A rögzített feltételek mellett egy kilogramm élőpulyka előállításának költsége 575 forint volt a vizsgált időszakban. A termelési költségek közel 90%-át az anyagjellegű költségek jelentették, melyet a takarmány költsége határoz meg. A vágópulyka-előállítás termelési értéke egy kilogramm élősúlyra vetítve 479 forint volt, az ágazat számára elérhető horizontális támogatásokkal együtt. A modell alapján, a vizsgált gazdasági környezetben még jó színvonalú gazdálkodási körülmények között is veszteséges a vágópulyka előállítása. Jövedelmező tevékenységre magasabb élőállat felvásárlási árak vagy alacsonyabb költségek (pl. a takarmányárak visszarendeződése) esetében számíthatnak a termelők.