bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation on Surface Termination Groups to Optimize the Adsorption Energy and Work Function of Nb2CTx for Enhanced Hydrogen Storage in Magnesium Hydride
Authors: Zhong Tao , Xu Tian , Zhang Liuting , Wang Li , Wu Fuying , Yu Xuebin
Published: November 2024

Exploring high‐performance catalysts for hydrogen storage in magnesium hydride (MgH2) is crucial but still a challenge. Herein, Nb2CTx with controllable surface termination groups is developed as an efficient catalyst and the bifunctional modulation (adsorption energy and work function) of different surface termination groups (F, O, OH, or defects) is explored. First, compared to F and O, the introduction of OH on the surface or the direct removal of functional groups both leads to a significant increase in the adsorption of H by Nb2CTx. Second, compared to the surface bare, OH‐rich Nb2CTx has a lower work function, making it easier for hydrogen to enter Mg/MgH2 from the Nb2CTx surface or escape from the Mg/MgH2 surface into the Nb2CTx, thus facilitating the hydrogen ad/desorption properties of MgH2, i.e., the rate‐determining step (RDS) shifts from penetration to diffusion. The Nb2CTx‐KOH‐catalyzed MgH2 with optimal surface termination groups, therefore exhibits a release of 6.56 wt.% H2 in 5 min at 250 °C, and 6.46 wt.% H2 uptake within 5 min at 150 °C. The dehydrogenation and hydrogen uptake activation energies show 49.5% and 60.1% enhancements over pristine MgH2. In addition, a storage capacity of 5.51 wt.% is maintained after 50 dehydrogenation/hydrogenation cycles.
In‐Plane Chirality Control of a Charge Density Wave by Means of Shear Stress
Authors: Qi Weiyan , Ponzoni Stefano , Huitric Guénolé , Grasset Romain , Laplace Yannis , Cario Laurent , Zobelli Alberto , Marsi Marino , Papalazarou Evangelos , Alekhin Alexandr , Gallais Yann , Bendounan Azzedine , Sung Suk Hyun , Schnitzer Noah , Goodge Berit Hansen , Hovden Robert , Perfetti Luca
Published: November 2024

The transition metal dichalcogenide 1T‐TaS2 exhibits a Charge Density Wave (CDW) with in‐plane chirality. Due to the rich phase diagram, the Ferro‐Rotational Order (FRO) can be tuned by external stimuli. The FRO is studied by Angle‐Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ARPES), Raman spectroscopy, and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). The in‐plane chirality of the CDW is lost at the transition from Nearly‐Commensurate (NC) to In‐Commensurate (IC) phase and can be controlled by applying shear stress to the sample while cooling it through the transition from IC‐CDW to NC‐CDW. Based on these observations, a protocol is proposed to achieve reliable, non‐volatile state switching of the FRO configuration in 1T‐TaS2 bulk crystals. These results pave the way for new functional devices in which in‐plane chirality can be set on demand.
LysSYL‐Loaded pH‐Switchable Self‐Assembling Peptide Hydrogels Promote Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Elimination and Wound Healing
Authors: Liu He , Wei Xuemei , Peng Huagang , Yang Yi , Hu Zhen , Rao Yifan , Wang Zhefen , Dou Jianxiong , Huang Xiaonan , Hu Qiwen , Tan Li , Wang Yuting , Chen Juan , Liu Lu , Yang Yuhua , Wu Jianghong , Hu Xiaomei , Lu Shuguang , Shang Weilong , Rao Xiancai
Published: November 2024

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), especially methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), causes wound infections, whose treatment remains a clinical challenge. Bacterium‐infected wounds often create acidic niches with a pH 4.5–6.5. Endolysin LysSYL, which is derived from phage SYL, shows promise as an antistaphylococcal agent. However, endolysins generally exhibit instability and possess low bioavailability in acidic microenvironments. Here, an array of self‐assembling peptides is designed, and peptide L5 is screened out based on its gel formation property and bioavailability. L5 exerted a pH‐switchable antimicrobial effect (pH 5.5) and formed biocompatible hydrogels at neutral pH (pH 7.4). The LysSYL‐loaded L5 can assemble L5@LysSYL hydrogels, increase thermal stability, and exhibit the slow‐release effect of LysSYL. Effective elimination of S. aureus is achieved by L5@LysSYL through bacterial membrane disruption and cell separation inhibition. Moreover, L5@LysSYL hydrogels exhibit great potential in promoting wound healing in a mouse wound model infected by MRSA. Furthermore, L5@LysSYL hydrogels are safe and can decrease the cytokine levels and increase the number of key factors for vessel formation, which contribute to wound healing. Overall, the self‐assembling L5@LysSYL can effectively clean MRSA and promote wound healing, which suggests its potential as a pH‐sensitive wound dressing for the management of wound infections.
Engineering Triple‐Phase Interfaces with Hierarchical Carbon Nanocages for High‐Areal‐Capacity All‐Solid‐State Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Luo Yu , Pan Siyuan , Tian JingYi , Liang Yali , Zhong Haoyue , Ma Ruqin , Gu Jiabao , Wu Yuqi , Zhang Huiyan , Lin Hongxin , Huang Weilin , Deng Yuxi , Su Yu , Gong Zhengliang , Huang Jianyu , Hu Zheng , Yang Yong
Published: November 2024

All‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) have garnered widespread attention due to their advantages of high energy density and enhanced safety. However, the typical composite structure composed of solid‐state electrolyte (SE), discrete conducting carbon black, and microsized sulfur (μ‐S) with long‐range Li+/e− conducting path and huge volume changes, suffers from sluggish charge transport and severe electrochemical‐mechanical failure. In this work, a unique hierarchical carbon nanocage (hCNC) is applied as a continuous conducting network where nanosized sulfur are confined. Due to the synergistic effects of multi‐dimensional (particle, interface, and electrode) structural engineering, this new sulfur‐carbon composite cathode (S@hCNC39) can achieve uniform distribution of sulfur and carbon, and efficiently constructs triple‐phase interfaces, showing enhanced charge‐carrier transport and improved electrochemical‐mechanical stability. Remarkable cycling performance of 89% after 300 cycles at 0.2 C at 30 °C is realized in ASSLSBs assembled with S@hCNC39. Notably, ASSLSBs achieve an ultrahigh areal capacity of 9.95 mAh cm−2 with stable cycling at 60 °C with high sulfur contents of 40% and high sulfur loadings of 6 mg cm−2. These results provide critical insights into the design of rational sulfur‐carbon composites and offer a viable approach to enhance the overall performance of ASSLSBs.
Properties of Pickering Stabilized Associative Water‐In‐Water Emulsions Based on Ultra‐High Molecular Weight Polyacrylamides
Authors: Lira Rafael B. , Plucinski Alexander , Ko YouBeen , Bayliss Niamh , van Ewijk Chris , Roos Wouter H. , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J.
Published: November 2024

Completely water‐based multicompartment systems have attracted a broad interest in recent years, mainly due to their versatile features such as permeability. Here, the associative formation of water‐in‐water (w/w) emulsions based on ultra‐high molecular weight poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) and poly(4‐acryloylmorpholine) (PAM) is studied. The system is investigated using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. The system phase‐separates into aqueous droplets at very low polymer concentrations and exhibits intriguing physical properties. The formed emulsion droplets are extremely fluid (5–10 mPa.s), enable fast (5 µm2 s−1), nearly complete (mobile fraction ≈0.8) and unhindered diffusion within and across compartments, which is a hallmark of fluids. Furthermore, the very low interfacial tension (0.18–0.40 mN m−1) enables droplet coalescence leading to equilibrium formation of various emulsion structures. These properties show similarities to cell cytoplasm and coacervates and hence this type of w/w emulsion formed via associative non‐ionic interactions is a new direction in the field of synthetic cells and synthetic biology.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Cyclization of 2‐Arylbenzimidazoles with CF3‐Imidoyl Sulfoxonium Ylides and Further Sc(III)‐Catalyzed Deaminative Hydroxylation
Authors: Liao Juting , Zhai Ruirui , Gao Xiaoyang , Wu Hongliang , Kong Dulin , Wang Shuojin , Chen Xun
Published: November 2024

An efficient Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H bond activation/cyclization of 2‐arylbenzimidazoles with CF3‐imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides has been achieved, yielding diverse CF3− and amino‐disubstituted 5,6‐dihydrobenzoimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines, which could undergo a deaminative hydroxylation to access CF3− and hydroxy‐disubstituted 5,6‐dihydrobenzoimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines catalyzed by Sc(OTf)3. This developed strategy features easily available starting materials, broad substrate scope, good scalability and high efficiency. Moreover, the antitumor activities of selected products against some human cancer cell lines were also investigated, and the results indicated that several products show antiproliferative activities.
Nanoparticles Combining Host‐Directed Therapeutics and Antibiotics to Boost Bacterial Killing and Overall Survival of Zebrafish Embryos Infected with Mycobacterium Marinum
Authors: Schäfer Gabriela , Bi Dongdong , Fenaroli Federico , Thompson Andrew M. , Saris Anno , Barz Matthias
Published: November 2024

The bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Due to the complexity of the infection, the limited efficacy of antibiotics, and the increasing incidence of multi‐drug resistant strains, novel therapeutics are urgently needed. An interesting new approach is to combine antibiotics with treatments that boost the natural ability of host cells to kill the bacteria, so‐called host‐directed therapeutics (HDT). Until now, this approach has not been explored in the context of nanoparticle drug delivery, which may offer several advantages. Here, the HDT drug everolimus and the antibiotic ((S)‐2‐nitro‐6‐((5‐((4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)ethynyl)pyridin‐2‐yl)methoxy)‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]oxazine, drug D) are focused on. Both of these agents, drug D and everolimus, are encapsulated into one single micelle (PeptoMicelles), resulting in formulation C, and compared with micelles containing only drug D (formulation A) or everolimus (formulation B). They are tested in Mtb‐infected primary macrophages and THP‐1 cells, and in the zebrafish model for TB (Mm infection) using embryo survival analysis. The results show that formulation C, containing drug D and everolimus in one micelle, is significantly more efficient in protecting cells and zebrafish embryos against infection than all other formulations, indicating an improved therapeutic efficacy of HDTs and antibiotics in a single polymeric micelle.
2D α‐In2Se3 Flakes for High Frequency Tunable and Switchable Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators
Authors: Sun Jiayi , Cai Weifan , Yang Yang , Zhuang Yihao , Zhang Qing
Published: November 2024

Tunable and switchable film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) with the capability of dynamically adjusting their resonant frequencies hold significant promise for advanced multi‐band radio frequency (RF) communication systems. However, tunable and switchable FBARs based on conventional thin ferroelectric materials face several challenges in meeting the demands of advanced RF applications. Specifically, submicron‐thick ferroelectric materials suffer from degradation in piezoelectric performance due to the strong scattering of acoustic waves caused by surface defects, as well as the inconsistency in crystal orientation. Recent advances in 2D ferroelectric materials create new opportunities for high‐performance tunable and switchable FBARs. Here, the first batch of FBAR chips based on 2D α‐In2Se3 flakes is reported. The α‐In2Se3‐based FBARs are normally under the on‐state and possess a small off‐voltage of −4 V. A tuning range of 26 MHz is achieved with a control voltage from −2 to 4 V at the resonant frequency of 8.6 GHz. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first batch of tunable FBARs that can function beyond the sub‐6 GHz band. This work demonstrates for the first time that 2D ferroelectric materials are very promising for high‐frequency tunable and switchable FBARs.
Evaluating Pressure‐dependent Discharge Behavior of Foil Versus In situ Plated Lithium Metal Anodes in Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Haslam Catherine G. , Eckhardt Janis K. , Ayyaswamy Abhinand , Vishnugopi Bairav S. , Fuchs Till , Liao Daniel W. , Dasgupta Neil P. , Mukherjee Partha P. , Janek Jürgen , Sakamoto Jeff
Published: November 2024

Anode‐free manufacturing of solid‐state batteries (SSBs) shows promise to maximize energy density by eliminating excess lithium (Li) and simplifying battery production. However, high reversibility during discharge (stripping of Li) is necessary for long‐lifetime SSBs with a limited Li reservoir. Further, the plastic flow of Li changes depending on the Li thickness, leading to possible differences in discharge performance under stack pressure. This work investigates the pressure‐dependent discharge performance of anode‐free manufactured SSBs with in situ plated Li and compares the performance to that of conventional thick Li foil cells. Distinct stripping behavior is observed at low pressures (0–1 MPa), where Li diffusivity and initial interfacial contact may control accessible capacity, compared to high pressures (3–10 MPa) where mechanical deformation of Li likely governs stripping behavior. Analysis of impedance spectra collected during stripping shows that additional stack pressure delays the formation of deep, as opposed to lateral, voids in the Li anode. These results provide insights to guide the transition from thick Li foil anodes to anode‐free manufactured SSBs.
High‐grade B‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified, with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma gene expression signatures: Genomic analysis and potential therapeutics
Authors: Lone Waseem , Bouska Alyssa , Herek Tyler A. , Amador Catalina , Song Joo , Xu Alexander M. , Jochum Dylan , Issa Issa Ismail , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Zhang Xuan , Bhagavathi Sharath Kumar , Heavican‐Foral Tayla B. , Sharma Sunandini , Shah Ab Rauf , Mir Abdul Rouf , Alkhinji Aisha Ahmad , El‐Gamal Dalia , Dave Bhavana J. , Hartert Keenan , Yu Jiayu , Saumyaranjan Mallick , Greiner Timothy C. , Vose Julie , McKeithan Timothy W. , Fu Kai , Green Michael , Bi Chengfeng , Merchant Akil , Chan Wing C. , Iqbal Javeed
Published: November 2024

High‐grade B‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (HGBCL, NOS) has overlapping morphological and genetic features with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), leading to uncertainty in its diagnosis and clinical management. Using functional genomic approaches, we previously characterized HGBCL and NOS, that demonstrate gene expression profiling (GEP), and genetic signatures similar to BL. Herein, we characterize distinct HGBCL, NOS, cohort (n = 55) in adults (n = 45) and in children (n = 10), and compared the GEP, genomic DNA copy number (CN), and mutational spectrum with de novo DLBCL (n = 85) and BL (n = 52). This subgroup, representing ~60% of HGBCL, NOS, lack gene‐expression signature of BL and double hit/dark zone lymphoma, but express DLBCL like signatures and are characterized by either GCB‐ or ABC‐like mRNA signatures and exhibit higher genomic complexity, similar to de novo DLBCL, and show alteration in genes regulating B‐cell activation (CD79B, MYD88, PRDM1, TBLIXR1, CARD11), epigenome (KMT2D, TET2) and cell cycle transition (TP53, ASPM). However, recurrent mutations in genes often mutated in BL (DDX3X, GNA13, CCND3), but rare in DLBCL, are also present in HGBCL‐NOS, highlighting genetic heterogeneity. Consistent with mutation spectrum, frequent genomic CN alterations in genes regulating B‐cell activation (del‐PRDM1, gain‐BCL6, ‐REL, ‐STAT3) and cell cycle regulators (del‐TP53, del‐CDKN2A, del‐RB1, gain‐CCND3) were observed. Pediatric cases showed GCB‐DLBCL‐like mRNA signatures, but also featured hallmark mutations of pediatric BL. Frequent oncogenic PIM1 mutations were present in adult HGBCL, NOS. In vitro analyses with pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of PIM1 expression triggered B‐cell activation and NF‐κB‐induced apoptosis, suggesting that PIM1 is a rational therapeutic target.
Facile Synthesis of 1,4,2‐Dioxazines Using Aromatic Chlorooximes and 2‐Chloroethanol/2‐Chlorophenols
Authors: Gladis Serrao Lavina , Rachappa Maddani Mahagundappa
Published: November 2024

A facile and mild strategy for the synthesis of 5,6‐dihydro‐1,4,2‐dioxazines by the reaction of aromatic chlorooximes with 2‐chloroethanol in presence of NaH at room temperature in a short period of time is developed. This strategy is further extended for the synthesis of substituted 1,4,2‐dioxazines using aromatic chlorooximes and 2‐chlorophenols. Similarly, 5,6‐dihydro‐1,4,2‐dioxazepine was also synthesized using aromatic chlorooxime and 3‐bromopropanol. The developed protocol is simple, efficient and produces environmentally benign byproducts.
Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Ubiquitin Carboxyl‐Terminal Hydrolase Isozyme L1 in Asymptomatic C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion Carriers
Authors: Dellar Elizabeth R. , Vendrell Iolanda , Amein Benazir , Lester David G. , Edmond Evan C. , Yoganathan Katie , Dharmadasa Thanuja , Sogorb‐Esteve Aitana , Fischer Roman , Talbot Kevin , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Turner Martin R. , Thompson Alexander G.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To identify biochemical changes in individuals at higher risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD) via C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) heterozygosity.

Methods

Cross‐sectional observational study of 48 asymptomatic C9orf72 HRE carriers, 39 asymptomatic non‐carrier controls, 19 people with sporadic ALS, 10 with C9orf72 ALS, 14 with sporadic FTD, and 10 with C9orf72 FTD. Relative abundance of 30 pre‐defined cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of ALS and FTD were compared in asymptomatic C9orf72 HRE carriers and age‐matched non‐carrier controls. Differential abundance of these proteins was quantified using data independent acquisition mass spectrometry or electro chemiluminescent assay for neurofilament light chain. Unbiased analysis of the entire cerebrospinal fluid proteome was then carried out.

Results

Ubiquitin carboxyl‐hydrolase isozyme L1 levels were higher in asymptomatic C9orf72 HRE carriers compared with age‐matched non‐carriers (log2fold change 0.20, FDR‐adjusted p‐value = 0.034), whereas neurofilament light chain levels did not significantly differ. Ubiquitin carboxyl‐hydrolase isozyme L1 levels remained elevated after matching of groups by neurofilament levels (p = 0.011), and after adjusting for age, sex, and neurofilament levels. A significant difference was also observed when restricting analysis to younger participants (<37) matched by neurofilament level (p = 0.007).

Interpretation

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid ubiquitin carboxyl‐hydrolase isozyme L1 levels in C9orf72 HRE carriers can occur in the absence of increased neurofilament levels, potentially reflecting either compensatory or pathogenic mechanisms preceding rapid neuronal loss. This brings forward the window on changes associated with the C9orf72 HRE carrier state, with potential to inform understanding of penetrance and approaches to prevention. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:449–459
Synthesis of hydroxytyrosol analogs with enhanced antioxidant and cytostatic properties against MG‐63 human osteoblast‐like cells and their potential implications for bone health
Authors: Georgiou Eleftheria A. , Kalpaktsi Ioanna , Gioti Katerina , Choleva Maria , Fragopoulou Elizabeth , Skaltsounis Alexios‐Leandros , Tenta Roxane , Kostakis Ioannis K.
Published: November 2024

Sixteen novel hydroxytyrosol (HT) analogs with substitutions at the C‐1 position of the HT aliphatic side chain were synthesized and evaluated for their cytostatic activity against MG‐63 human osteoblast‐like cells and for their antioxidant properties. The results revealed that these analogs exhibited significantly higher inhibitory activity compared with HT, which served as the positive control. Among these, the cyclo‐substituted compounds stood out as particularly potent, demonstrating strong radical scavenging abilities and notable cytostatic effects against MG‐63 cells. These findings suggest that the cyclo‐substituted HT analogs hold considerable promise for the development of novel antioxidants with potential applications in bone physiology.
Detailed phenotyping of Tbr1‐2A‐CreER knock‐in mice demonstrates significant impacts on TBR1 protein levels and axon development
Authors: Co Marissa , O'Brien Grace K. , Wright Kevin M. , O'Roak Brian J.
Published: November 2024

Cre recombinase knock‐in mouse lines have served as invaluable genetic tools for understanding key developmental processes altered in autism. However, insertion of exogenous DNA into the genome can have unintended effects on local gene regulation or protein function that must be carefully considered. Here, we analyze a recently generated Tbr1‐2A‐CreER knock‐in mouse line, where a 2A‐CreER cassette was inserted in‐frame before the stop codon of the transcription factor gene Tbr1. Heterozygous TBR1 mutations in humans and mice are known to cause autism or autism‐like behavioral phenotypes accompanied by structural brain malformations, most frequently a reduction of the anterior commissure (AC). Thus, it is critical for modified versions of Tbr1 to exhibit true wild‐type‐like activity. We evaluated the Tbr1‐2A‐CreER allele for its potential impact on Tbr1 function and complementation to Tbr1 loss‐of‐function alleles. In mice with one copy of the Tbr1‐2A‐CreER allele, we identified reduction of TBR1 protein in early postnatal cortex along with thinning of the AC, suggesting hypersensitivity of this structure to TBR1 dosage. Comparing Tbr1‐2A‐CreER and Tbr1‐null mice to Tbr1‐null complementation crosses showed reductions of TBR1 dosage ranging from 20% to 100%. Using six combinatorial genotypes, we found that moderate to severe TBR1 reductions (≥44%) were associated with cortical layer 5 expansion, while only the complete absence of TBR1 was associated with reeler‐like “inverted” cortical layering. In total, these results strongly support the conclusion that Tbr1‐2A‐CreER is a hypomorphic allele. We advise caution when interpreting experiments using this allele, considering the sensitivity of various corticogenic processes to TBR1 dosage and the association of heterozygous TBR1 mutations with complex neurodevelopmental disorders.
Modeling Acoustic Attenuation, Sound Velocity and Wave Propagation in Lithium‐Ion Batteries via a Transfer Matrix
Authors: Feiler Simon , Gold Lukas , Hartmann Sarah , Giffin Guinevere A.
Published: November 2024

A simple 1D transfer matrix model of a battery is introduced and parametrized using harvested individual cell components at 0 % and 100 % SoC. This model allows for the calculation of group velocity and attenuation. The results of the model show good agreement with measured values, highlighting increased attenuation and group velocity at the resonances. This emphasizes the importance of selecting a suitable interrogation frequency for ultrasound investigations in lithium‐ion batteries. The model accurately replicates the observed weakening of resonances with increasing SoC. Additionally, it provides the basis to fit US spectroscopy data in the future, enabling immediate determination of component thickness and the Young's modulus of individual components, along with aiding in the identification aging effects of the anode and cathode materials. The model can visualize wave propagation within the battery. At certain frequencies, standing waves form which could be used in high‐intensity ultrasound applications targeted at individual cell components.
Sustainable Combination of Waste with Waste: Utilization of Biomass to Recover Critical Metals from Spent Lithium ion Batteries
Authors: Jungi Hiren , Virani Asma A. , Podder Sumana , Girase Harpal , Mitra Joyee
Published: November 2024

The generation of e‐waste from lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is rapidly increasing due to the rising utilization of LIBs in portable electronics, and electric vehicles, with an average life span of 3–5 years. The disposal of spent LIBs is a major environmental concern due to the presence of high percentages of toxic heavy metals and corrosive electrolytes. Efficient and sustainable recycling of spent LIBs has become immensely important, both environmentally and from a circular economy perspective, as LIBs serve as secondary sources of critical metals needed for renewable energy conversion and storage systems. We provide a concise review of metal recovery from spent LIBs using waste biomass in a green and sustainable approach for resource generation, in addition to the valorization of waste biomass. Biomass is used to recover metals from spent LIBs, acting as lixivient, reductant, and as absorbent. We have also discussed a reverse strategy utilizing ‘black mass’ from spent LIBs as catalyst for biomass conversion to value‐added products. The concept of “circular economy” is highlighted in a “killing two birds with one stone” approach through the utilization of biomass for the recovery of metals from spent LIBs and vice versa.
Students evaluating the trustworthiness of historical sources and internet sources: A comparison
Authors: van der Eem Maartje , van Drie Jannet , Brand‐Gruwel Saskia , van Boxtel Carla
Published: November 2024

Fake news and disinformation are easily spread in today's digital society. Therefore, it is important that students learn how to evaluate the trustworthiness of online information, but this skill is often confined to a limited number of subjects in secondary education. History classes can potentially contribute to developing this skill. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between how Grade 9 students (N = 112) perform while evaluating the trustworthiness of historical sources and internet sources. Average student performance on both kinds of sources was similar, but the distribution of the scores was significantly different. There was a moderate correlation between students’ total scores on the historical task and the internet task. Two of the three criteria of trustworthiness that could be used on both kinds of sources were used by a great majority in both tasks. The second aim was to gain more insight into students’ (N = 8) and teachers’ perspectives (N = 8) on the usefulness of the evaluation skill learned in history class for other contexts, especially when searching on the internet. While most of the teachers mentioned the importance of the skill when using the internet, none of the students did so spontaneously. We suggest that history classrooms are an appropriate place to teach students not only about historical sources but also about internet sources, provided that more explicit attention is given to the relationship between both types of sources.
“I Would Not Change [My] Sibling for the World, Maybe the World Can Change for My Sibling”: The Experiences of Adult Siblings of People With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Moran‐Morbey Elizabeth , Blackwell Chloe , Ryan Tom , Hayden Nikita K.
Published: November 2024

The sibling relationship is complex, unique and important. When one sibling has a developmental disability, siblings can be important sources of care, support, advocacy and friendship for one another. We drew on online survey data from 456 UK adult siblings of people with DD. Siblings provided written responses to a prompt about their sibling experiences (> 80,000 words). These data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and organised using the Siblings Embedded Systems Framework (SESF). The SESF helps us to consider how complex interacting mechanisms and factors surrounding siblings, families and wider systems at a local, national and international level, can influence siblings' outcomes, experiences and relationships. Overall, siblings shared a range of experiences related to their: mental health and wellbeing; personal characteristics; sibling relationships; intra‐familial experiences; caring experiences; experiences accessing support services; community experiences; and views on the discrimination and ableism that their disabled siblings experienced. Siblings reflected on the interconnected and dynamic nature of their experiences. We found the SESF to be a useful way of presenting an account of the data overall, as well as to explore the impact of societal factors on siblings' experiences. Siblings' structural, political and social contexts impacted their personal lives. Please refer to the Supporting Information section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Chemical Constituents of the Deep‐sea Derived Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum XIA‐9
Authors: Duan Jia‐Xin , Ma Yan‐Lin , Chen Zhe‐Wen , Zou Zheng‐Biao , Chao Rong , Li You , Li Bao‐Fu , Wang Yuan , Pan Ying‐Ni , Yang Xian‐Wen
Published: November 2024

Two new sphingosine derivatives (1 and 2), two new vicinal diol analogs (3 and 4), one new diol analog (5), one new fatty acid (9), together with 19 known compounds (6–8, 10–24), were isolated from Purpureocillium lilacinum XIA‐9. Their structures were determined by detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and optical rotatory data. Fusarubin 3‐methyl ether (17) exhibited potent inhibition on RSL3 induced ferroptosis with the EC50 value of 0.1 μM.
Tailoring CotA Laccase Substrate Specificity by Rationally Reshaping Pocket Edge
Authors: Xie Tian , Li Jiakun , Wang Ganggang
Published: November 2024

CotA is a bacterial multicopper oxidase, capable of oxidizing lots of substrates. In previous work, small size lignin phenol derivates were found to lie only in the partially covered part of pocket. However, big size substate would occupy the whole pocket to react. In this work, five residues sitting at the edge of the pocket were selected to study their roles in regulating activities against different size substrates. All mutants showed impaired activities against small size sinapic acid, however, A227E, G321F and G321P showed around 25 % increase of activities against big size ditaurobilirubin compared to wild type (WT). T262F/G321F showed moderate increased activity to alazin red S. kcat/Kms against ditaurobilirubin of A227E, T262F and G321F are around 1.5, 3 and 1.5 folds of WT's. Unexpectedly, heterologous expression yields of T262F, T262F/G321F and T262F/G321P in Escherichia coli greatly increased by around 5, 7 and 21 folds compared to WT, respectively. It is speculated positive mutants would provide a beneficial orientation for big size substrates. Substituting semi‐buried residue T262 by a hydrophobic amino acid might enhance expression yields mainly by increasing van der waals and hydrophobic interaction. This work exemplified rationally regulating specific activities of laccase and is valuable for industrial application.
Economic Analysis of Catheter‐Directed Thrombolysis for Intermediate‐Risk Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Pliakos Elina , Glassmoyer Lauren , Kobayashi Taisei , Pugliese Steven , Shankar Hari , Matthai William , Khandhar Sameer , Giri Jay , Nathan Ashwin
Published: November 2024

Background

Pulmonary embolism is associated with a significant burden of morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Catheter‐directed thrombolysis has emerged as a promising option for patients with intermediate‐risk pulmonary embolism which aims to improve outcomes over standard anticoagulation.

Methods

We constructed a decision‐analytic model comparing the cost‐effectiveness of catheter‐directed thrombolysis to anticoagulation alone for the management of intermediate‐risk pulmonary embolism. Cost‐effectiveness was determined by calculating deaths averted and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER). Uncertainty was addressed by plotting cost‐effectiveness planes and acceptability curves for various willingness‐to‐pay thresholds. The main outcome was ICER (US dollars/deaths averted).

Results

In the base case analysis, derived using systemic lysis data, the cost associated with catheter‐directed thrombolysis was estimated at $22,353 with a probability of survival at 1 month of 0.984. For the anticoagulation alone strategy, the cost was $25,060, and the probability of survival at 1 month was 0.958. Overall, catheter‐directed thrombolysis resulted in savings of $104,089 per death averted (ICER,—$104,089 per death averted). Sensitivity analysis revealed that catheter‐directed thrombolysis would no longer be cost‐effective when its associated mortality is greater than 0.042. In the probabilistic analysis, at a willingness‐to‐pay of $100,000, catheter‐directed thrombolysis had a 63% chance of being cost‐effective, and in cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves, it was cost‐effective in 63%–78% of simulations for a willingness to pay ranging from $0 to $100,000.

Conclusions

If the assumptions made in our model are shown to be accurate then CDT would be cost‐effective and may lead to considerable cost savings if used where clinically appropriate.
Clinical Outcomes and Practicality of Transferring Patients Immediately to Originating Hospitals After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kamaraj S. , Firdaus M. L. , Norfarahdina R. , Muizz A. M. Abdul , Ranga A. R. Asri , Henry Timothy D. , Wilson Hadley , Glendon L. S. K. , Raqib A. G. Abdul , Kahar A. G. Abd
Published: November 2024

Background

Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) is the preferred treatment for ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients in both PCI centers and those transferred from non‐PCI centers, provided it can be performed in a timely manner. The challenges in transferring patients from non‐PCI centers include not only potential delays beyond 120 min but also the risk of overwhelming the resources at the PPCI hospital. We report a novel strategy implemented within the Serdang STEMI Network involving immediate transfer of patients back to the originating hospitals within 2 h post procedure.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes and practicality of immediately transferring stable STEMI patients back to their originating hospitals within 2 h postprimary PCI, within the Serdang STEMI Network. Specifically, it seeks to assess the in‐hospital mortality rate and 30‐day major adverse cardiac events (MACE) among these patients to determine the safety and feasibility of this novel early transfer strategy.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study involved 1374 STEMI patients participating in the Serdang STEMI network from May 2015 to December 2022, including 570 patients admitted directly to Hospital Sultan Idris Shah, Serdang (HSIS) and 804 transferred from non‐PCI centers.

Results

Of the 804 transferred patients, 415 (52%) were transferred back to referring hospitals within 2 h of PPCI. These patients met specific criteria including hemodynamic stability, absence of procedural complications, and fit for transfer at the discretion of the attending cardiologist. The primary outcomes measured were in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality rates, as well as major adverse cardiac events (MACE). MACE was defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or repeat revascularization. In the early return group, there was no in‐hospital or 30‐day mortality. No patient required repeat revascularization or readmission within 30 days.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that carefully selected patients can be safely returned to their originating hospitals very early following successful PPCI. These findings have important implications for large regional STEMI networks worldwide, particularly in areas where PPCI centers may have limited resources to handle high STEMI volumes.
Successful Treatment of MDRAcinetobacter baumannii Meningitis in a Young Adult Patient With Intraventricular and Intravenous Polymyxin B‐Tigecycline Based Combinations: A Case Report
Authors: Rahim Md Abdur , Biswas Himel Kumar , Zilani Md Abdul Kader , Biswas Rama , Ershad Sirazul Haque
Published: November 2024

Multiple drug resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii infection treatment is a great challenge for neuro‐intensivists due to poor drug penetration through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Fortunately, the intraventricular administration of polymyxin‐B and tigecycline seems to be effective; there are few case reports demonstrating the effectiveness of such treatments. Here, we report the case of a 24‐year‐old male who presented with fever and neck rigidity after intracranial drainage following lung infection caused by MDR Acinetobacter baumannii. Due to the presence of turbid CSF, the administration of the intrathecal (ITH) route polymyxin‐B and tigecycline is not possible. In this situation, the neuro‐intensivist decided to start intraventricular tigecycline and polymyxin‐B administration along with IV tigecycline and polymyxin‐B via the intraventricular route, which was feasible because the patient had an external ventricular drain (EVD) due to obstructive hydrocephalus caused by the neurosurgeon after excision of the tumor.
Understanding Climate Change by Modeling the Earth's Atmosphere as a Well‐Stirred Tank
Authors: Bolongaro Vittoria , Becattini Viola , Mazzotti Marco
Published: November 2024

Coming to terms with climate change by understanding climate processes and their policy implications is essential not only for climate scientists and policymakers, but also for the general public, for industrial practitioners, and for engineers, including process system engineers. We have developed a simplified linear climate model (SLCM) to enable non‐specialists to explore the essential physical and chemical processes caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Trading‐off simplicity and accuracy, achieved by calibrating model parameters using established simple climate models, the SLCM allows (i) determining the climate impact of given past and future emissions, (ii) determining the amounts of CO2 removal needed to compensate for any unavoidable emissions of CH4 and N2O from agriculture, and (iii) back‐calculating emission pathways to meet specified global warming targets.
Project management challenges in client‐consultant decision‐making: A case for the Ghanaian mining construction industry
Authors: Amegboleza A. Akofa , Acakpovi Amevi , Ülkü M. Ali
Published: November 2024

This study explores the complex decision‐making (DM) dynamics between clients and consultants, a crucial area often neglected in existing research. Utilizing a Multi‐Perspective Approach combined with Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis, we examine DM challenges such as cost overruns, project delays, and compromised work quality stemming from ineffective DM practices. Key findings highlight the pervasive fear of financial repercussions from poor decisions, which impedes decisive and transparent DM. We offer practical recommendations for managers, propose strategies to strengthen DM processes, enhance project execution frameworks and insights to improve operational efficiency and competitive advantages for Ghanaian mining construction sector stakeholders. This study significantly contributes to the literature on project management by offering targeted solutions and advancing knowledge on DM practices.
The α$\alpha$‐SQG patch problem is illposed in C2,β$C^{2,\beta }$ and W2,p$W^{2,p}$
Authors: Kiselev Alexander , Luo Xiaoyutao
Published: November 2024

We consider the patch problem for the ‐(surface quasi‐geostrophic) SQG system with the values and being the 2D Euler and the SQG equations respectively. It is well‐known that the Euler patches are globally wellposed in non‐endpoint Hölder spaces, as well as in , spaces. In stark contrast to the Euler case, we prove that for , the ‐SQG patch problem is strongly illposed in every Hölder space with . Moreover, in a suitable range of regularity, the same strong illposedness holds for every Sobolev space unless .
Infection Risk Associated with High‐Efficacy Disease‐Modifying Agents in Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Jieni , Hutton George J. , Varisco Tyler J. , Lin Ying , Essien Ekere J. , Aparasu Rajender R.
Published: November 2024

In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), infections represent a significant concern, particularly given the immunomodulatory effects of disease‐modifying agents (DMAs). High‐efficacy DMAs (heDMAs) play a pivotal role in delaying MS progression, yet their use also raises concerns regarding the risk of infection. This study aimed to compare the infection risk with the use of heDMA and moderate‐efficacy disease‐modifying agents (meDMAs) in MS patients. This retrospective cohort study involved adult (18–64 years) MS patients with incident DMA use based on the 2015–2019 MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database. Patients initiating heDMAs (natalizumab, alemtuzumab, and ocrelizumab) or meDMAs (interferon beta‐1a, interferon beta‐1b, fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, and glatiramer acetate) were included. The outcomes of interest were comparative risk of overall infection, serious infection, and frequently reported types of infection. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were estimated in inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) based on Cox proportional hazard models. Among 10,003 eligible incident DMA users, 22.92% of patients initiated heDMAs. The IPTW‐CPH model revealed that patients with heDMAs were associated with a higher risk of serious infection (aHR: 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.44) and urinary tract infection (UTI; aHR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.14–1.30). Sensitivity analyses with different follow‐up periods yielded consistent findings with the main analyses. In MS, heDMAs were associated with a greater risk of serious infection and UTI compared with meDMAs. These findings suggest the need to carefully monitor and manage the infection risk to optimize the use of heDMAs in MS.
Crystallization of Cathode Active Material Precursors from Tartaric Acid Solution
Authors: Ma Chunyan , Mohamoud Mona , Punt Tiaan , Li Jinlong , Svärd Michael , Forsberg Kerstin
Published: November 2024

In this study L‐(+)‐tartaric acid was used to extract metals from either pure cathode material (NMC111) or black mass from spent lithium‐ion batteries. The leaching efficiencies of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn from NMC111 are >87 % at 70 °C, with an initial solid to liquid ratio of 17, and >72.4±1.0 % from black mass under corresponding conditions. The metals tend to form mixed phases in antisolvent crystallization and seeding has a minimal effect on the final solid composition. Impurities influence both crystal nucleation and growth. By controlling the antisolvent addition rate crystal growth can be promoted. The theoretical dielectric constant of the solution is shown to correlate excellently to the recovery efficiency across different antisolvents, where a value <52 results in over 95 % total transition metal recovery efficiency. The correlation can be a powerful tool for quantitative prediction of optimal solvent composition for effective antisolvent crystallization.
Comprehensive mapping of somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumour heterogeneity using spatial and single‐cell transcriptomics
Authors: Wang Jialin , Li Xuejing , Guo Jing , Yuan Zan , Tong Xinyu , Xiao Zehao , Liu Meng , Liu Changxiaofeng , Wang Hongyun , Gong Lei , Li Chuzhong , Zhang Yazhuo , Xie Weiyan , Liu Chunhui
Published: November 2024

Background

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) are common intracranial tumours that are highly heterogeneous with unpredictable growth patterns. The driver genes and mechanisms that are crucial for tumour progression in somatotroph PitNETs are poorly understood.

Methods

In this study, we performed integrative spatial transcriptomics (ST) and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis on somatotroph tumours and normal pituitary samples to comprehensively characterize the differences in cellular characteristics.

Results

By analyzing combined copy number variations (CNVs), tumour tissues were divided into two regions, which included the CNVhigh and CNVlow areas. The protumour genes DLK1 and RCN1 were highly expressed in the CNVhigh area, which might be related to tumour progression and could be targeted for precision therapy. We also found that the transforming growth factor beta signalling pathway participated in tumour progression and identified heterogeneity in the expression profiles of key genes. We assessed the intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity in somatotroph PitNETs and emphasized the importance of individualized treatment.

Conclusion

In summary, we visualized the cellular distribution and transcriptional differences in normal pituitary and somatotroph PitNETs by ST and scRNA‐seq for the first time. This study provides a strong theoretical foundation to comprehensively understand the crucial mechanisms involved in tumour progression and develop new strategies to treat somatotroph PitNETs.

Key points

The first‐ever visualization of cellular distributions in normal and tumor pituitary tissues.

The inter‐ and intra‐tumoral transcriptomic heterogeneity of somatotroph PitNETs was comprehensively revealed.

Identification of potential protumor factors and critical signaling pathways, opening new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Spatiotemporal distribution of neural crest cells in the common wall lizard Podarcis muralis
Authors: Pranter Robin , Feiner Nathalie
Published: November 2024

Background

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are migratory embryonic stem cells that give rise to a diverse set of cell types. Here we describe the dynamic distribution of NCCs in developing embryos of the common wall lizard Podarcis muralis inferred from 10 markers. Our aim is to provide insights into the NCC development of lacertid lizards and to infer evolutionary modifications by comparisons to other tetrapods.

Results

NCC migration is ongoing at oviposition, following three streams in the head and multiple in the trunk. From 21ss, we observe expression patterns indicating the beginning of differentiation toward mesenchymal and neuronal fates. By 35ss, migration is restricted to caudal levels, and fully differentiated chromaffin cells are observed.

Conclusions

We find that some markers show patterns that differ from other tetrapods. For example, the antibody HNK‐1 labels three NCC streams from the hindbrain while some comparable reptile studies describe four. However, the information emerging from all markers combined shows that the overall spatiotemporal distribution of NCCs in the common wall lizard is largely conserved with that of other tetrapods. Our study highlights the dynamic nature of seemingly canonical marker genes and provides the first description of spatiotemporal NCC dynamics in a lacertid lizard.