bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of the Kenyan judiciary in the implementation of decisions and recommendations of African regional mechanisms on human and peoples' rights
Authors: Juma Paul Ochieng , Orao Beryl
Published: February 2025

Africa's human rights mechanisms, such as the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, have made significant strides in interpreting the content of human rights guaranteed under the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and setting standards on the implementation of state obligations thereto. These standards may be derived from various mechanisms, including the African Commission's decisions on individual communications, its resolutions, Concluding Observations on reports of state parties, guidelines on various human rights and General Comments. This article seeks to consider how the Kenyan judiciary has contributed to the implementation of the decisions of Africa's human rights mechanisms generally. However, more focus is placed on the recommendations of the African Commission. In this regard, the article considers two types of recommendations: those that are targeted to Kenya and those that are not specific to the country. In addressing these issues, both domestic and continental decisions and recommendations of the mechanisms are analysed. The article concludes that since the promulgation of Kenya's Constitution 2010, the courts have largely adopted an avoidance approach towards decisions and recommendations of African human rights mechanisms. As a result, the value of continental decisions and mechanisms has been greatly diminished.
Expounding the frontiers of the human rights agenda of the African Union for the extra-Africa diaspora
Authors: Namakula Catherine S
Published: February 2025

There are no rights without responsibilities in the African context. The reverse is equally true: Responsibility is supported by rights. The African Union declaration of Africa's diaspora as the sixth (demographic) region of the African continent triggers a critical discussion of the human rights obligations of the regional body to its diaspora. The African diaspora's invited tactical intervention in the progression of the AU of necessity triggers the expansion of the human rights promotion and protection mandate of the AU to people of African heritage worldwide. Specific human rights guarantees to the diaspora facilitate its envisioned full participation in building the continent. The African diaspora can only make a substantial contribution if its rights are respected, protected and fulfilled in Africa and elsewhere. The 2012 African Diaspora Programme of Action rightly represents the evolving mandate and the nature of the commitment of the AU to embrace it. This mandate comprises the need to address the concerns of African immigrant communities, including recognition of the identity of a person of African descent on the African continent; confronting anti-black racism globally and promoting equality of all races; eradicating political and socio-economic marginalisation of diaspora communities; and advancing Africa's agenda for reparations. These strategies have their nucleus in Africa-led and Africa-advanced approaches; the momentum commences from Africa to the world, with an evident reciprocal effect.
The role of the African Commission in enhancing implementation monitoring through dialogue and documentation
Authors: Ayeni Victor Oluwasina
Published: February 2025

This article examines how the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights may use two critical tools - dialogue and documentation - in order to improve implementation of its decisions. Dialogue is understood as conversation between the African Commission and national actors. Implementation documentation is understood as the process of putting in place a publicly accessible database on the communications finalised by the Commission, the recommendations contained in those communications and any possible implementation measures taken by states. Several studies have demonstrated that judicial and quasi-judicial bodies have a role to play in monitoring the implementation of their decisions. In Africa, judicial monitoring is crucial due to the ineffectiveness of political monitoring by African Union policy organs. While the African Commission has several tools to choose from in monitoring the implementation of its decisions, this article focuses on dialogue and documentation. The African Commission is an adept user of dialogue through the state reporting process (which has been described as a form of 'constructive dialogue'), implementation hearings, promotional visits to states and other dialogue-based processes. However, there is a general lack of consistency, coherence and clarity in how the Commission uses these tools in monitoring the implementation of its decisions. While these tools may appear overly political, the African Commission is by design mandated to interface with national political actors as a direct consequence of its promotional mandate under article 45 of the African Charter. Using a combination of desk research and document analysis, based on existing scholarship in this area of law, this article argues that dialogue and implementation documentation are requisites for monitoring state compliance with decisions of the Commission. It further argues that the African Commission is better suited (compared to the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights) to these discursive and dialogic processes as a result of its institutional design. Effective use of these processes could turn states from acting or positioning themselves as 'uncooperative and reluctant bystanders' to gradually becoming cooperative and enthusiastic compliance partners.
Systematising monitoring: The case for a special mechanism for following up on the implementation of decisions by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
Authors: Okoloise Chairman
Published: February 2025

The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights has, since its inauguration on 2 November 1987, struggled to follow up on the implementation of its decisions and recommendations. Despite having received roughly 133 state reports and approximately 900 communications, only about two-thirds of these are estimated to have been considered and determined. Due to several setbacks, including budgetary considerations, understaffing and a backlog of pending cases, the Commission's mandate to ensure the protection of human and peoples' rights and interpret the provisions of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights is often complicated by the continental scope and complexity of its equally-important mandate to promote human and peoples' rights. As if these challenges were not enough, the Commission is continuously overwhelmed by the responsibility not only to convene its ordinary sessions four times a year during which it considers state reports and contentious cases submitted to it, but also to ensure that its decisions are implemented by the state parties concerned. To offset the imbalance foisted by these responsibilities against the multifaceted human rights challenges pertaining to individuals, marginalised and vulnerable groups and particular human rights themes, the Commission created special mechanisms. However, after more than four and a half decades, the Commission is yet unable to address - in a systematic way - the growing spate of non-compliance by state parties with its decisions and recommendations. This article, therefore, seeks to articulate that the growing volume of non-implemented decisions and recommendations has reached a critical point, necessitating the establishment of a special mechanism dedicated to the follow-up and implementation of its decisions and recommendations handed down in contentious and non-contentious cases. The article adopts an institutional approach in making the case that a dedicated special mechanism has become a necessity for enabling the Commission to routinely and systematically follow up, track and better monitor state party compliance with its decisions. The article finds that such a special mechanism will aid the Commission to better engage state parties on their obligations under the African Charter and consistently report on its implementation mandate.
The role of the Peace and Security Council in implementing the decisions of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
Authors: Olajuwon Timileyin Gabriel , Asamoah Lucia Osei
Published: February 2025

The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights plays a crucial role in upholding African human rights standards. However, challenges arise when it comes to implementing and enforcing the Commission's decisions by member states. This article examines the role of the African Union Peace and Security Council in implementing the findings and recommendations ofthe African Commission and examines the challenges faced. An extensive desktop review of relevant literature, including academic articles, reports and official documents, is conducted. The article argues that while the Commission primarily focuses on human rights, its decisions have significant implications for peace and security in member states and, through the PSC's proactive involvement, the Commission can contribute to the realisation of peace, security and the protection of human rights in Africa. Additionally, effective collaboration is crucial for the African Commission to execute its mandate, especially in overseeing member states' adherence to its decisions and recommendations. This study contributes to the existing literature by proposing actionable strategies to enhance the synergy between the PSC and the African Commission, thereby improving the enforcement of human rights decisions and their impact on peace and security in Africa.
Extraordinary rendition and extraterritorial reach of the African human rights system
Authors: Abebe Brook K
Published: February 2025

African states' participation in the United States programme ofextraordinary rendition and the creation of a similar approach among African states and other states have raised the question of the extraterritorial scope of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. The article seeks to address the question of whether the African Charter gives rise to extraterritorial obligations in case of extraordinary rendition. It evaluates the circumstances for extraterritorial application of international human rights law in the context of extraordinary rendition. The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights has received and entertained cases on extraterritorial obligations and extraordinary rendition. Thus, the article discusses the scenarios that need to be fulfilled for extraterritorial obligations and responsibilities of states to be called into question in cases of extraordinary rendition. Accordingly, even though the African Charter is devoid of a jurisdictional clause, based on article 60 of the Charter and teleological interpretation, the obligations imposed by African Charter arguably have extraterritorial reach.
An examination of the recognition of communities and partnership agreements under South Africa's Traditional and Khoi-San Leadership Act
Authors: Osman Fatima
Published: February 2025

In 2021 the South African legislature enacted into force the contentious Traditional and Khoi-San Leadership Act 3 of 2019 under the guise of recognising leaders of the Khoi San, who generally are regarded as the 'first people' in South Africa. This article provides a critical analysis of key provisions in the Act: the recognition of traditional communities and the power of traditional councils to conclude partnership agreements. It reveals that the Act differentiates between the Khoi-San and other South African indigenous groups in the recognition of traditional communities. Khoi-San councils exercise jurisdiction over individuals who voluntarily affiliate to the Khoi-San community, while in other communities traditional councils are conferred jurisdiction over land and the people that live thereon. Furthermore, the Act does not address existing concerns regarding the concentration of powers in traditional councils, but rather bolsters the powers of traditional councils to conclude agreements on behalf of communities. The article argues that voluntary affiliation should be centred as a requirement for the formation of all communities and that the power to conclude partnership agreements must be reconsidered.
Jeremiah's Prophetic Authenticity: Tracing the Mosaic Prophetic Tradition
Authors: Mamahit Ferry Y. , Widodo Christian R.
Published: February 2025

This article re-evaluates the criteria for determining the authenticity of Hebrew prophets, focusing on tracing the Mosaic prophetic tradition in Jeremiah's life and ministry. While prophecy fulfilment is commonly used to assess authenticity, its unreliability calls for a more testable method grounded in Moses' model. Exploring the Deuteronomic Code, the study emphasises prophetic authenticity and employs a comparative analytical approach to investigate Jeremiah's embodiment of Mosaic traits. It suggests a revised approach to assessing prophet authenticity, advocating adherence to the Deuteronomic Covenant as a defining characteristic. The study identifies specific traits for evaluating prophetic authenticity across the Old Testament, noting some discontinuity between Jeremiah and the Deuteronomic Covenant. It underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to evaluating prophetic authenticity.
On the closed-form solution of the monopolist long-run profit maximization problem with linear demand and Cobb-Douglas technology
Authors: Lukač Zrinka , Krpan Mira , Kojić Vedran
Published: February 2025

This paper provides an economic and mathematical analysis of the long-run profit maximization problem of a monopolist with linear demand and a two-input Cobb-Douglas technology to derive the conditions that guarantee the solution to this problem. In addition, the conditions under which the closed-form solution can be derived and the conditions under which the monopolist's profit is positive are discussed. Whenever the problem has a unique solution, the closed-form defines the profit function well for the given demand function. The closed-form solution to the problem depends on the returns to scale. The problem has a unique solution for decreasing returns to scale, for which in general no closed-form can be found. On the other hand, the closed-form of the unique solution can easily be found for constant returns to scale. However, three sub-cases are identified for the case of increasing returns to scale. The analysis is supported by economic interpretations and numerical illustrations.
An application of an environmentally extended input-output model to the assessment of CO2 emissions of Croatian economic sectors
Authors: Mikulić Davor , Fotova Čiković Katerina , Keček Damira
Published: February 2025

The adverse effects of pollution and the impacts of different productive sectors on the degradation of the environment have become important issues in economic development analysis. This study aims to estimate the overall carbon footprint of different economic sectors of the Croatian economy. Total CO2 emissions are decomposed by direct and indirect emissions of productive sectors and final demand by applying the environmentally extended input-output analysis (EEIO). EEIO approach enables the decomposition of the total CO2 emissions of specific sectors into emissions related to the production of final goods and services and the production of intermediate inputs delivered to other economic sectors. The highest level of direct emissions has been generated by sectors producing energy products and transportation. As the output of those sectors is required as intermediate inputs used by the other sectors, the EEIO model redistributes emissions to other sectors, delivering final products to domestic users and abroad. Besides transport and electricity, Croatia's highest level of total direct and indirect emissions is found in the construction sector, production of non-metallic mineral products and food industry.
Technology of Adaptive Control of the Beginning of the Latent Period of Accidents of Objects
Authors: Aliev T. A. , Mammadova A. I.
Published: February 2025

Nowadays the number of unexpected accidents depends to a great extent on the qualification of the personnel, who on the basis of the accumulated experience and the information received from the control systems intuitively determine the current technical condition of the object and the beginning of possible accidents. Sometimes their decision is too late and accidents occur. Usually, accidents occur as a result of occurrence and development of various malfunctions and at this time objects go into the latent period of emergency state, there noise emerges, correlated with the signal g(t) under control. Here, depending on the nature of the malfunction the dynamics of technological processes changes, under the influence of which, the spectra of useful signals X(t) and noise ε(t), g(t) = X(t) + ε(t) also change. When using the traditional technology, the noise is filtered. This introduces an additional error in the result of signal analysis, leading to a loss of important diagnostic information. To solve the problems of control of the beginning of the latent period of accidents it is proposed to use the estimate of the cross-correlation function between the useful signal and the noise as an informative attribute, using the technology of adaptive sampling of the analyzed signals g(t). To ensure the adequacy of the results of control by combining the proposed and traditional technologies information is formed about the beginning of the latent period of accidents, which allows the master to determine the time of the beginning of the latent period of accidents with sufficient reliability.
Identifi cation of Interaction Parameters of Underwater Manipulator Links with a Viscous Medium for Precise Automatic Execution of Manipulation Operations. Part 1
Authors: Filaretov V. F. , Zuev A. V. , Timoshenko A. A.
Published: February 2025

The paper solves the problem of identifying the features of the interaction of underwater manipulators (UM) links, which autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are equipped with, with a viscous medium. It is shown that for precise control of the UM, viscous friction, as well as the added masses and moments of inertia of the UM links during its movement must be taken into account as correctly as possible. The procedure for identifying the parameters of interaction between a moving UM and a viscous medium is carried out before starting technological operations near work sites. These parameters are further used in the calculation of force and torque effects from the moving UM on the AUV body for its high-precision stabilization in the hover mode over the objects of work, as well as for the implementation of feedbacks of synthesized positional-force UM control systems that ensure automatic execution of underwater contact technological operations. In the first part of the article a dynamic model of UM, based on recurrent equations for soving the inverse problem of dynamics, is presented in the form of linear regression. In this model unknown parameters enter linearly into the equations of generalized forces (moments) acting in the joints of UM. This type of UM model allows the identification of all unknown parameters using a linear Kalman filter. The results of the study of the complete mathematical model of AUV with UM, performed in the second part of the article, confirmed the operability and high efficiency of the proposed method for identifying the parameters of the interaction of UM units with a viscous medium
Principles of diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction
Authors: Nikolaev Aleksander M. , Protoshchak Vladimir V. , Paronnikov Mikhail V. , Babkin Pavel A. , Kushnirenko Nikolai P. , Kislitsyn Pavel O.
Published: February 2025

This article provides an overview of modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Lower urinary tract dysfunction is observed in nearly all patients with traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries. It is noted that the type of urodynamic impairment does not always correspond to the level and severity of nervous system damage. The clinical diversity of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction resulting from traumatic central nervous system injuries is highlighted, necessitating thorough evaluation, including urodynamic studies. The selection of treatment methods for patients is discussed in detail, depending on the type of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.
Comparative analysis of the outcomes of laparoscopic buccal ureteroplasty and renal descensus with ureteral resection for extensive strictures of the proximal ureter and ureteropelvic junction
Authors: Guliev Bahman G. , Komyakov Boris K. , Avazkhanov Zhaloliddin P. , Abdurakhmanov Oibek Sh.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Recurrent and extensive strictures of the ureteropelvic junction and proximal ureter pose a significant challenge in modern reconstructive urology, as standard surgical procedures are not always effective or technically feasible. Such cases require complex upper urinary tract surgeries, such as renal descensus with ureteral resection and end-to-end anastomosis, or substitution of the stenotic segment with a buccal mucosa graft.
AIM: To conduct a comparative analysis of the outcomes of laparoscopic buccal ureteroplasty and renal descensus with ureteral resection and end-to-end anastomosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgical reconstruction of extensive recurrent strictures of the ureteropelvic junction and the upper and middle thirds of the ureter was performed in 72 patients: 35 men (48.6%) and 37 women (51.4%), aged 19 to 77 years. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 30 patients (41.6%) who underwent buccal mucosa ureteroplasty, and group 2 included 42 patients (58.4%) who underwent renal descensus with resection of the stenotic ureteral segment and end-to-end anastomosis. The causes of stenosis included previous pyeloplasty (n = 54), contact ureterolithotripsy in the proximal ureter (n = 12), impacted stones (n = 4), ureteropelvic junction injury during laparoscopic excision of a parapelvic cyst of the left kidney (n = 1), and retroperitoneal fibrosis due to acute cholecystopancreatitis (n = 1). Laparoscopic access was used in 69 patients, and robot-assisted access was used in 3 cases.
RESULTS: A major intraoperative complication occurred in one patient from group 2, who developed bleeding from a lower pole vessel, requiring conversion. Group 1 demonstrated significantly shorter operative time (197.1 ± 52.9 vs. 227.6 ± 30.6 min, p = 0.003), lower blood loss (93.0 ± 21.0 vs. 176.6 ± 44.6 mL, p 0.001), fewer postoperative complications (23.3% vs. 47.5%, p = 0.039), and a lower reoperation rate (6.6% vs. 30.8%, p = 0.043). The surgical success rate was 93.4% in group 1 and 71.5% in group 2 (p = 0.0009).
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with renal descensus, ureteral resection, and end-to-end anastomosis, buccal ureteroplasty is a highly effective procedure with a lower incidence of postoperative complications.
Multiple recurrent condylomata acuminata of the peni
Authors: Gorbunov Aleksandr E. , Iglovikov Nikolai Yu. , Karandashov Vasilii K. , Protoshchak Vladimir V. , Paronnikov Mikhail V. , Kushnirenko Nikolai P. , Kharitonov Nikolai N. , Babkin Pavel A.
Published: February 2025

Condylomata acuminata of the penis are a type of anogenital venereal warts characterized by exophytic growths on the skin of the external genitalia and the mucosa of the urethra. They are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35, with types 6 and 11 being the most pathogenic. The virus is primarily transmitted sexually, entering the bloodstream through mucosal or skin defects during unprotected intercourse. The presented clinical case highlights the necessity of combining surgical treatment with local and systemic pharmacotherapy in a young patient with multiple recurrent condylomata acuminata of the glans and foreskin that were resistant to conservative treatment. A combination of prolonged antiviral therapy and topical application of podophyllotoxin proved insufficient, leading to widespread penile involvement. Persistent disease progression was attributed to infection with HPV type 6. The surgical intervention included circumcision, frenuloplasty, excision of residual warts on the glans, and electrocauterization of affected skin areas, followed by antiviral therapy with interferon, which resulted in complete clinical recovery. No recurrence was observed within six months.
Bladder exstrophy in children: evolution of diagnosis and modern trends in surgical treatment
Authors: Agzamkhodjaev Saidanvar T. , Abdullaev Zafar B. , Aliev Talat G. , Pelikh Kirill I. , Kagantsov Ilya M.
Published: February 2025

Bladder exstrophy is a severe multisystem congenital anomaly, and its surgical treatment remains a challenging task even for the most experienced surgeons. This article presents contemporary data on the epidemiology, anatomical aspects, and variations of bladder exstrophy, as well as modern surgical treatment strategies. The advantages and disadvantages of various surgical approaches are outlined. Advances in pediatric urology, including prenatal diagnosis, the implementation of numerous surgical techniques, and the use of osteotomy with pelvic and lower limb immobilization, have contributed to improving the quality of life for children with this condition.
Evaluating the Impact of Spectrum-Matched Time Histories on Biased FRS Estimates: Part 1-Sensitivity Analysis Using Machine Learning
Authors: Li Bo
Published: February 2025

In the wake of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, assessing the seismic safety of nuclear facilities, especially the secondary system, has become crucial. Floor response spectra (FRS) are keys to this assessment, typically generated through time history analyses. However, prior research shows that different time histories matching the same target spectrum can produce highly variable FRS estimates. This study examines the impact of spectrum-matched time histories on biased FRS estimates using machine learning methods. We generated 1750 spectrum-matched time histories based on five distinct target response spectra and applied them to eight typical steel moment-resisting frame buildings to compute their FRS. Machine learning techniques were then used to analyze the sensitivity of FRS estimates to modifications in ground-motion parameters due to spectral matching. The results indicate that changes in spectral accelerations are the primary factor influencing biased FRS estimates, followed by the damping scaling factor index for damping ratios of 7%, 2%, 10%, and 1%. These findings will aid in generating more accurate spectrum-matched time histories, reducing the risk of biased FRS estimates and improving seismic safety assessments for nuclear facilities.
Quaternary Sediment Thicknesses, Paleochannels, and Hazard Assessment Revealed by a 6200-Station Array in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, South China
Authors: Xiong Cheng , Deng Yangfan , Ye Xiuwei , Wang Liwei , Zhang Yanxin , Lv Zuoyong , Wang Xiaona , Gong Xuan , He Xiaobo
Published: February 2025

The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay area, a highly populated region, plays a vital role in the economic development of East Asia. Its construction and development rely on accurately characterizing near-surface loose sediment layers. However, traditional drilling and active source methods are often impractical for large-scale exploration in densely populated areas due to their high costs and destructive nature. To overcome this shortage, a dense array comprising 6214 stations was deployed and the noise horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method was employed to determine the fundamental frequency (f0) and peak amplitude. The Quaternary sediment thickness was further estimated based on their empirical relationships with f0. More importantly, several buried paleochannels were identified, manifesting deep valleys on the vertical section and curved stripes on the horizontal section. Combining regional drilling data and sites of geological hazards in the past, we conclude that the paleochannels are zones of high seismic and geological hazard. This study provides a scientific basis for urban construction and disaster prevention.
Enhancing survival and integration of transplanted neural stem/progenitor cells for treating spinal cord injury
Authors:   , Hai Nan , Zhong Yinghui
Published: February 2025

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes partial or complete functional loss below the injury site. Patients with SCI suffer lifelong disability and require continuous physical and medical care. SCI causes neuronal loss and axon degeneration, which disrupts the neural circuitry that controls the functions of spinal cord. In the adult central nervous system (CNS), neurons usually cannot renew themselves to replace the lost neuron population, and achieving long-distance axon growth from the remaining neurons is extremely difficult. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for replacing lost neurons and establishing neuronal relays, facilitating the reconstruction of damaged neural circuitry. However, poor survival of grafted cells and the formation of astroglial-fibrotic scars remain significant challenges for achieving successful integration and functional recovery. In this study, we aim to address these challenges by utilizing a four-factor cocktail (GNVb, consisting of GSH, NAC, VEGF, and bFGF) to promote NSPC survival and local delivery of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to reduce astroglial-fibrotic scar formation. By enhancing NSPC survival with GNVb, we aim to enable the acute transplantation of NSPCs (24 h after SCI), leveraging their immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects to promote graft-host integration. Concurrently, HGF delivery is expected to mitigate scar formation, further facilitating graft-host integration.
Understanding the stress-induced phase transformation of chlorpropamide (CPM) in tablet compaction
Authors:   , Bui Phuong Duc , Zavaliangos Antonios
Published: February 2025

During tablet compaction, a crystalline form of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) may transform into another crystalline state (polymorph) depending on the local stresses. This phenomenon presents a major challenge during R&D stages and poses regulatory risks to new drug applications. Over the past years, compression-induced phase transformation of Chlorpropamide from form C (CPM-C) to form A (CPM-A) has attracted attention; however, current understanding remains limited and a comprehensive framework to describe this phenomenon is still elusive. Prior studies on the polymorphic transformations in CPM-C tablet typically reported conversion percentages as a function of applied compaction pressure. Recent studies have suggested the possibility of local variation in the transformation due to wall friction, but they had unclear explanations of the frictional contribution to this phenomenon. In this work, a methodology was developed to map the phase transformation throughout the cross surface of a split tablet. The effect of tablet shape and frictional conditions on the distribution of local conversion was investigated. Additionally, we identified the particle plastic deformation of CPM-C that serves as fundamental driving force behind its transformation. Our work sheds new light on the problem of phase transformation during compaction, offering an enhanced understanding that can be beneficial in optimizing formulations as this phenomenon arises during pharmaceutical R&D.
Invasive mold infections in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Carlson Sophie , Shabsovich David , Schiller Gary
Published: February 2025

Invasive mold infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with hematologic malignancies, primarily due to the prolonged periods of profound neutropenia that characterize these diseases. As our population continues to age, the incidence of hematologic malignancies is expected to rise, further exacerbating the public health burden posed by fungal infections. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance our understanding of the landscape of invasive mold infections and the underlying mechanisms by which this patient population becomes infected. Such knowledge is essential for developing effective prevention strategies and improving the management of these infections in hematologic malignancies. This review will examine the reasons why patients with hematologic malignancies represent an at-risk population for invasive mold infections, with a particular focus on the deficiencies in the host immune system. We will also address some of the challenges associated with diagnosing these infections in a vulnerable population and review current and emerging technologies aimed at improving detection. Lastly, this review will evaluate the current literature on prophylaxis and treatment options, as well as more novel therapies under development.
Injection fluid selection based on equation of state for numerical simulation of miscible condensate displacement
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ukraine, Lukin Oleh , Kondrat Oleksandr ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ukraine
Published: February 2025

Condensate dropout in the reservoir, below the saturation pressure, leads to a change in the composition of hydrocarbon gas and liquid at reservoir conditions, blocking part of the pore space, resulting in reduced well productivity. It also causes the composition of the fluid carried to the surface to contain a smaller amount of valuable intermediate hydrocarbon components such as C5+. The condensate dropped-out in the reservoir remains immobile until its saturation exceeds the critical saturation, or it is re-evaporated by miscible injection at pressure. The volume of the condensate bank in the reservoir and the resulting residual condensate reserves can reach tens of millions of m3 and, as a rule, consist of light and valuable hydrocarbon fractions. This publication investigates, using a compositional hydrodynamic simulator, the possibility of re-vaporizing a given volume of condensate and producing it by injecting a fluid that, at a given pressure and temperature, will mix with the condensate in the reservoir and form a single phase. A low-permeability gas condensate reservoir (0.001–0.1 mD), developed using a horizontal well with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, is considered as a synthetic model. The results of the simulation showed a significant change in the composition of reservoir fluids with a corresponding decrease in reservoir pressure. The composition of the dropped-out condensate was determined, and a method for its mobilization by sequential injection of a mixing agent and production (huff-and-puff) was tested for different injection fluids. The methodology for selecting an injection agent based on the equation of state (EOS) in a PVT package for mixing displacement is considered and described. This type of numerical sensitivity provides a better understanding of the phase behavior of gas condensate, not only along the wellbore or fractures but also deep into the reservoir. It allows engineers to better optimize the development process and achieve significantly higher gas and condensate recovery rates by injecting a miscible fluid that is properly selected for a particular fluid system.
Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros. De la guerrilla a la democracia (1966-1985)
Authors: Encarnación-Pinedo Miriam
Published: February 2025

A principios de los años sesenta un grupo de jóvenes provenientes de distintas organizaciones políticas de izquierda comenzaron a reunirse en el barrio montevideano de La Teja, con el fin de discutir sobre las condiciones necesarias para la revolución. Ese fue el comienzo de la organización que se constituyó de manera autónoma a partir de 1966-67, al reconocerse por las siglas del MLN-T (Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros). El siguiente estudio centra la mirada en el periodo comprendido entre la derrota de la organización subversiva a manos del Estado, y los procesos de negociación iniciados una vez la dictadura empezó a dar paso al periodo democrático, cuando una parte de los tupamaros pasó a integrar el Frente Amplio. Entre el final de la violencia y la victoria del Frente Amplio se produjo un proceso de negociación de los exguerrilleros, susceptible de ser analizado a partir de sus memorias. El trabajo se desarrolla a partir del análisis del discurso de la literatura testimonial, los comunicados oficiales y las entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas, con la finalidad de exponer los ejes centrales de la memoria transicional2 del MLN-T, que lejos de ser homogénea, muestra las diferencias que existían en el seno de la organización al final de la etapa armada.
María Andrea Giovine Yáñez y Álvaro Ruiz Rodilla (coords.). Constancia de la fugacidad. Contribuciones a la historia del periodismo cultural en México, siglo XX. México: Instituto de Investigaciones Bibiliográficas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hernández Acosta Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2025

El estudio de las publicaciones periódicas se ha expandido al hallar nuevas ma-neras de explorarlo. Si en un primer momento se le vio como el contenedor de la obra en ciernes o en proceso de quienes llegarían a ser los grandes autores, en la actualidad se ha decantado como un campo para explorar de forma más amplia el sistema literario. Esto porque hoy estas publicaciones son por sí mismas un objeto cultural que se puede analizar desde diversas perspectivas: su materia-lidad, sus integrantes, las redes intelectuales que se desarrollaron en torno a ellas, el campo cultural y social que reflejan sus páginas, así como el germen de lo que después constituiría los campos literario, periodístico y cultural. Constancia de la fugacidad. Contribuciones a la historia del periodismo cultural en México, siglo xx, coordinado por María Andrea Giovine Yáñez y Álvaro Ruiz Rodilla, explora la historia del siglo xx mexicano en esta área, pero otorga también un antecedente de aquellas publicaciones que en la centuria previa se constituyeron como base para las que vendrían después, además de que atisba en los cauces que se han perfilado al inicio de este nuevo siglo
Cristina Rivera Garza. Lo roto precede a lo entero. 125 infraensayos, Houston, Literal Publishing, 2021.
Authors:   IIBICRIR/SECRIT (CONICET), Olaizola Andrés
Published: February 2025

Desde el 2002 hasta la actualidad, Cristina Rivera Garza mantiene activo su blog, No hay tal lugar. U-tópicos contemporáneos. A lo largo de los años, el blog se fue conformado como un espacio para la experimentación literaria multimodal, el desarrollo de reflexiones y de análisis sobre su propia poética, la militancia femi-nista, política y social, además de ser el canal de difusión de sus presentaciones, seminarios y talleres. El blog de Rivera Garza es, al mismo tiempo, un laboratorio de escrituras y un archivo de ese mismo laboratorio, de los procesos y de los pro-ductos que se originan en y a partir de él, porque, a su vez, los textos que ejecutan y son ejecutados por esa máquina archivante que es el blog se constituyen como puntos de partida para más textos: escrituras que son archivadas, para luego de un tiempo ser (re)utilizadas, para generar más escrituras. La configuración predetermi-nada del blog establece un sistema de archivo de los posteos que recopila no sólo el día de la semana, la fecha y el año, sino también el horario de su publicación. Rivera Garza explica que, al indicar la hora y la fecha de producción, el post evi-dencia que “la escritura es un oficio [...]
Un nouveau système de traitement des bois en autoclave
Authors: Schwartz R. , Déon Gérard , Dalois Claude
Published: February 2025

Dans les régions sèches d'Afrique, les essences de plantation ou les produits d’éclaircies devraient être davantage utilisées comme bois de service. Cependant, cette utilisation ne peut être envisagée que si une protection chimique appropriée, c'est-à-dire sans un traitement de préservation de qualité. Compte tenu des problèmes liés à l'environnement et au financement du traitement, le C.T.F.T. a conçu un autoclave qui répond à des critères précis :- Investissement réduit par rapport aux autoclaves industriels existants ;- Simplicité de fonctionnement et de maintenance ;- Performances relativement importantes.La description et le fonctionnement de l'appareil sont présentés dans l'article.
Un nouveau système constructif pour la réalisation de maisons en bois en zone tropicale
Authors: Parant Bernard
Published: February 2025

Cet article présente les conditions techniques de fabrication et d'utilisation des panneaux en bois lamellé-collé pour la réalisation de maisons en bois en zone tropicale et donne des informations sur la construction de prototypes en Guyane française et en France.
Description of Medical Career Choices during the COVID-19 Pandemic for Students of the Medical Profession Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University
Authors: Ninanda Zahlah , Fitrianingrum Iit , Pratiwi Sari Eka
Published: February 2025

Highlights:

The most sought-after medical career choices and institutions were specialist doctors and hospitals.

The most sought-after medical career choices were obstetrics and gynecology specialists.

 
Abstract
Introduction: Government policies during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have limited the clinical rotation learning system of the Medical Faculty at Tanjungpura University. This study examined the description of medical career choices during the COVID-19 pandemic for students of the Medical Profession Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University.
Methods: This was a descriptive study using a quantitative method in the form of a questionnaire. A total of 138 students were selected through the purposive sampling technique (n=138). The variables were then measured using a medical career choice questionnaire. The obtained data were further processed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 23.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013.
Results: Study results showed that from 138 samples (n=138), students chose careers as general practitioners (male=17.5%; female=16%), specialist doctors (male=70%; female=73%), lecturers (female=2%), structural doctors (male=5%; female=6%), and non-medical careers (male=7.5%; female=2%). Regarding their preferred workplace, students chose the government hospital (male=40%; female=47%), private hospital (male=37%; female=32%), public health center (male=7%; female=9%), private clinic (male=5%; female=4%), state-owned clinic (male=3%, female=1%), military (male=5%, female=2%), ministry (male=3%; female=1%), educational institution (female=3%), and police (female=1%).
Conclusion: The most sought-after medical career choices and institutions were obstetrics and gynecology specialists and hospitals. Factors that influenced the selection of a medical career were personal and professional characteristics, employment conditions, personal life, preclinical and clinical rotation phase, demands of postgraduate education, and family roles. Conducting further research to determine the factors that influence the choice of a medical career by using mixed-method research or qualitative interviewing is recommended.
Profile of Primary Arteriovenous Fistula Failure in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya
Authors: Reviano Moses Orvin , Sembiring Yan Efrata , Widodo Widodo , Soebroto Heroe
Published: February 2025

Highlights:

Arteriovenous fistula is preferred for dialysis vascular access.

Twenty-eight (4.8%) cases had primary arteriovenous fistula failure.

 
Abstract
Introduction: Primary arteriovenous fistula failure in Indonesia is still relatively high, and end-stage renal disease patients are prioritized to have arteriovenous fistula as their main vascular access for hemodialysis. This study aimed to determine the primary arteriovenous fistula failure profile in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya.
Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study. The population was primary arteriovenous fistula failure patients. A total sampling method was used from the medical records of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, from January 2021 until January 2023. The research variables were gender, age, diabetes mellitus (DM) history, hypertension (HTN) history, duration of catheter double-lumen (CDL) usage before arteriovenous fistula placement, incidence of early thrombosis, and incidence of maturation failure. Data was analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2018.
Results: There were 28 primary arteriovenous fistula failure cases from 580 surgical procedures performed in the research period (4.8%). The dominant results were: 15 female patients (54%), 25 non-elderly patients (89%), 16 non-DM patients (57%), 14 patients in both HTN and non-HTN (50%), 20 prolonged CDL patients (71%), followed by 7 patients that did not use CDL (25%), 28 maturation failure patients (100%), and 18 non-early thrombosis patients (64%).
Conclusion: Female gender, duration of CDL usage, and maturation failure were the more prominent characteristics in this research profile. Meanwhile, the less prominent characteristics were old age, DM history, HTN history, and early thrombosis.
The Role of Vitamin C Supplementation in Preventing Severity Progression in Mild and Moderate COVID-19 Patients at Universitas Airlangga Hospital
Authors: Arifandi Yoga Akbar , Rosyid Alfian Nur , Indiastuti Danti Nur , Effendi Wiwin Is
Published: February 2025

Highlights:

The administration of different dosages of vitamin C significantly yields different outcomes in preventing the progression of disease severity.

Most patients with mild and moderate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) did not demonstrate an escalation in disease severity.

 
Abstract
Introduction:Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that increases pro-oxidant elements and decreases antioxidants. Vitamin C functions as a potent antioxidant in humans due to its electron-donating properties.  This study aimed to explain the impact of three distinct vitamin C supplementation dosages in preventing disease severity progression among mild and moderate COVID-19 patients.
Methods:This retrospective study used secondary data from 100 medical records (n=100). The subjects were classified into three categories based on the vitamin C dosage. The data were analyzed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 for Windows.
Results:Most of mild and moderate COVID-19 patients (78%) did not experience increased disease severity. Vitamin C supplementation significantly demonstrated a different outcome in preventing disease severity progression among the three groups (p=0.018). However, it did not significantly show any difference in reducing the duration of hospital stay (p=0.680).
Conclusion:The impact of vitamin C supplementation on COVID-19 severity appeared to vary depending on the dosage administered. However, it did not affect the duration of the hospital stay.