bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Curcuminoids in Turmeric Raw Materials and Dietary Supplements by HPLC: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2016.16
Authors: Mudge Elizabeth M , Brown Paula N
Published: July 2017

The AOAC Expert Review Panel (ERP) approved a method for the quantitation of curcuminoids for consideration for First Action Official MethodSM status. The previously published method summarized a single-laboratory validation of three individual curcuminoinds—curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bis-demethoxycurcumin—in raw materials and finished products. Method performance was compared with AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirement 2016.003. With repeatability precision ranging from 0.3 to 5.5% and recoveries from 96.6 to 103.3% in the different product matrixes, the ERP adopted the method and provided recommendations for achieving Final Action status.
Determination of Adsorption Equations for Chloro Derivatives of Aniline on Halloysite Adsorbents Using Inverse Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Słomkiewicz Piotr M , Szczepanik Beata , Garnuszek Magdalena , Rogala Paweł , Witkiewicz Zygfryd
Published: July 2017

Chloro derivatives of aniline are commonly used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural agents. They are toxic compounds with a large accumulation ability and low natural biodegradability. Halloysite is known as an efficient adsorbent of toxic compounds, such as phenols or herbicides, from wastewater. Inverse LC was applied to measure the adsorption of aniline and 2-chloroaniline (2-CA), 3-chloroaniline (3-CA), and 4-chloroaniline (4-CA) on halloysite adsorbents. A peak division (PD) method was used to determine a Langmuir equation in accordance with the adsorption measurement results. The values of adsorption equilibrium constants and enthalpy were determined and compared by breakthrough curve and PD methods. The physical sense of the calculated adsorption enthalpy values was checked by applying Boudart’s entropy criteria. Of note, adsorption enthalpy values for halloysite adsorbents decreased in the following order: aniline > 4-CA > 2-CA > 3-CA.
EXPECTATIVAS PROFISSIONAIS DOS ESTUDANTES DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS: UMA ANÁLISE EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Marques Vagner Antônio , Dias Keli Cristina Meireles , Silva Lilian Karolina Correia da
Published: July 2017

Com o crescimento da economia brasileira nos últimos anos, o maior acesso ao ensino superior e o crescimento da oferta de cursos de Ciências Contábeis, agregado a mudança do padrão de normas de contabilidade fez emergir mudanças das expectativas dos profissionais e das empresas no mercado de contabilidade. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as expectativas profissionais de estudantes de Ciências Contábeis de uma instituiçãoprivada de Minas Gerais. A amostra composta por 99 alunos, o que representa 25% do total de alunos matriculados no curso e em torno de 68% do total de alunos matriculados em cada período analisado. A pesquisa de natureza descritiva, survey e com abordagem quantitativa, analisou descritivamente e através do teste não-paramétrico (x²- Qui-quadrado), dados coletados através de questionário aplicado em estudantes de Ciências Contábeis do 2º., 5º. e 8º. períodos entre os meses de agosto a setembro de 2013. Os resultados evidenciaram que os participantes da amostra apresentam nível elevado de satisfação com o curso, o processo didático e a instituição, e com expectativas positivas quanto à profissão. A expectativa salarial gira em torno de 10 e 13 SM´s após três anos de formados. Quanto às áreas de maior interesse destacaram-se a Auditoria e a Perícia e as de menor interesse, a área de Ensino e Pesquisa, e de Mercado de Capitais. Observou-se ainda que existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas para as questões relacionadas às expectativas profissionais, sugerindo uma mudança de percepção com o decorrer dos semestres de curso.
A Integração do Transporte Cicloviário com o Transporte Público por Ônibus através de Estações de Compartilhamento de Bicicletas
Authors: De Araújo Ivan Luiz Vieira , Parreiras Wesley Fernandes , Do Carmo Thays Fernandes
Published: July 2017

Com os constantes problemas de mobilidade, causados principalmente pelo crescimento rápido e desordenado das cidades, a reestruturação do espaço viário tornou-se essencial para melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas e diminuir os impactos causados pelos modos tradicionais de transporte. Este artigo avaliou a disposição dos alunos da PUC Minas Barreiro em utilizar Estações de Compartilhamento de Bicicletas (ECB's). Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de opinião, socioeconômica e de preferência declarada, para definir os fatores que influenciam na utilização das ECB's e o perfil do potencial usuário. Avaliou também, a qualidade da ciclovia existente no Barreiro como: qualidade do piso, sinalização e traçado. Por fim, foi realizado o dimensionamento das ECB's.
As tecnologias digitais e suas implicações na formação docente
Authors: Torres Antonia Lis de Maria Martins , Dantas Dina Mara Pinheiro , Martins Maria Izabel Gaspar
Published: July 2017

As recentes transformações da sociedade propiciadas pela familiarização com as tecnologias digitais atingem a escola, o trabalho docente, criando novas exigências que alteram o papel desses profissionais (LIBÂNEO, 2003). A partir deste contexto, buscamos compreender a relação estabelecida entre as referidas tecnologias com a formação docente inicial no curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de Educação (FACED/UFC). Com a realização desta pesquisa, pretendeu-se analisar a percepção dos discentes sobre sua formação para o uso das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC). A investigação ocorreu ancorando-se em procedimentos metodológicos descritivos, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa e pesquisa bibliográfica. Foram aplicados 20 questionários, abordando questões objetivas e subjetivas. Buscou-se analisar os dados relacionando-os com a literatura produzida acerca do tema. De modo geral, o presente trabalho nos permitiu constatar que os discentes têm uma percepção negativa sobre sua formação para o uso das TDIC, consideram-na insuficiente em relação aos aspectos pedagógicos, evidenciaram a necessidade de seus professores incorporarem as tecnologias digitais em suas atividades; os aspectos físicos também interferem (a falta de espaços e equipamentos ou a não conservação dos mesmos). Logo, o estudo apontou que a formação oferecida pelo/no curso não os torna preparados e seguros para atuar profissionalmente com o uso das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação.

Palavras-chave: Formação inicial. Prática docente. Tecnologia digital de informação e comunicação.
Novas Tecnologias: Desafios e Perspectivas no Ensino Superior em Saúde
Authors: Barbosa Tatiana Péret
Published: July 2017

O presente trabalho busca abordar o uso de novas tecnologias no ensino superior com enfoque para a área de saúde, que conta com pouco aporte teórico sobre o tema. Para tanto apresenta uma revisão de literatura acerca do modelo TP(A)CK, ferramenta que possibilita o emprego de novas tecnologias no ensino, as atuais formas de letramento que surgem em meio a esse contexto e desafios e possibilidades de uso do M-learning na educação. Percebe-se que apesar das grandes vantagens e oportunidades oferecidas pelas novas tecnologias, ainda são fortes certos traços do ensino tradicional em nossa cultura. O advento da Internet veio contribuir para a configuração de práticas sociais e eventos de letramento inéditos. Os dispositivos hoje disponibilizados pela rede digital de comunicação possibilitam a criação de formas sociais inovadoras que só surgem pelo uso intenso das novas tecnologias. Para lidar com todo este arsenal de maneira a contribuir com o crescimento global do aluno é preciso que os professores tenham uma formação que os permita conduzir o processo de modo apropriado. Mesmo se sentindo preparados, não devem se acomodar e buscar compartilhar experiências de sucesso. Cabe às instituições de ensino, por sua vez, prover meios necessários para o acesso adequado à tecnologia.
Helicobacter pylori: infecção, diagnóstico laboratorial e tratamento
Authors: Teixeira Thamirys Freitas , De Souza Iure Kalinine Ferraz , Rocha Roberta Dias Rodrigues
Published: July 2017

A infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) é uma das mais prevalentes entre os seres humanos. Estima-se que afete cerca de metade da população mundial, e no Brasil, a prevalência é de aproximadamente 60%.  A H. pylori é uma bactéria que coloniza a mucosa estomacal causando distúrbios gástricos que podem evoluir para gastrites, úlceras, dispepsias e carcinomas. O presente estudo tem por objetivo abordar aspectos da infecção pelo H. pylori, seu diagnóstico laboratorial e tratamento. Para tal, trata-se de uma revisão da literatura com trabalhos selecionados em revistas indexadas nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, PLoS e SciELO, sob os unitermos e suas combinações: H. pylori, epidemiologia, distúrbios gástricos, diagnóstico laboratorial, tratamento. A infecção pelo H. pylori apresenta importância epidemiológica e clínica e a transmissão se dá principalmente de pessoa a pessoa, sendo aceitas como formas de transmissão as vias oral-oral, fecal-oral e iatrogênica. Os métodos diagnósticos para detecção da bactéria podem ser baseados em testes realizados durante exame endoscópico (invasivos) e sem exame endoscópico (não invasivo). Essas metodologias, embora com certas limitações, têm permitido o diagnóstico da infecção com eficiência, rapidez e segurança. A erradicação não é simples e os esquemas terapêuticos necessitam associação de múltiplos agentes farmacológicos. 

Palavras-chave: Helicobacter pylori. Epidemiologia. Infecção. Diagnóstico laboratorial. Tratamento.
ESTUDO DO PROJETO DE PREVENÇÃO E COMBATE AO INCÊNDIO PARA A BOATE KISS (SANTA MARIA/RS) NO ÂMBITO DA LEGISLAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Santana Matheus Augusto , De Oliveira Alvares Alice Laura , Duarte Pereira Ana Flávia , Leite de Almeida Guilherme Henrique , De Almeida Campos Renata Botelho , Ferreira Cordeiro Thauane Fiche , Jacob Raquel Sampaio
Published: July 2017

Os danos causados por incêndios têm ocorrido com mais frequência à sociedade. Tanto em locais de reunião de público como em edificações comerciais e/ou residenciais o risco de incêndio está presente. No contexto de um dos maiores incêndios ocorridos no Brasil e no intuito de sugerir medidas de segurança que facilitariam o controle do acidente ocorrido na Boate Kiss – RS (2013), propõe-se estudo do projeto de prevenção e combate ao incêndio e pânico baseado nas instruções técnicas redigidas pelo Corpo de Bombeiros de Minas Gerais. A elaboração deste artigo fundamenta-se em solucionar as irregularidades no que diz respeito ao atendimento das normas de prevenção de incêndio, pois tais déficits, se fossem sanados pelos proprietários, teriam reduzido consideravelmente as consequências do pânico ocorrido no local no momento do fatídico acidente. Com a finalidade de cumprir os objetivos propostos utiliza-se pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, afim de garantir a confiabilidade das informações utilizadas neste trabalho.
Characterisation of Carotenoid and Total Retinol Equivalent Content in Ulam and Medicinal Species as Alternative Food Intervention to Combat Vitamin A Deficiency
Authors: Rashidi Othman  , Fatimah Azzahra Mohd Zaifuddin  , Norazian Mohd Hassan
Published: July 2017

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is one of the continuous leading causes of children and pregnant women death. To overcome this malnutrition which currently affected one-third of the world population, there is always renewed interest in exploring numerous dietary sources rich in carotenoids which some of them serve as pre-cursors to vitamin A (pro-vitamin A). It is important that affordable staple foods be as nutritious as possible because poverty limits food access for much of the developing world’s population. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore various dietary sources for carotenoids in 28 ulam and medicinal species which are commonly consumed by the local folks. Carotenoid extraction using organic solvents was performed and analysis employed in this study through High Performance Liquid Chromatography revealed seven types of carotenoids in the food matrices; neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene. Interestingly, these carotenoids profiles were found in varying concentration and composition in different species as well as in different period or season. Total carotenoids content quantified in all of the samples lies between 1.315 ± 0.007 to 190.301 ± 3.427 µg/g DW where cekur manis has the highest content. The total vitamin A activity (in terms of retinol equivalent, RE) of every species is also included in this study. The results suggested that at least 20 of the ulam and medicinal species may be used as alternative food intervention to eliminate VAD as a public health concern.
Fodboldleg som tekst. Børns tekster i et brugsperspektiv
Authors: Johansen Stine Liv
Published: July 2017

“Football as (Playful) Text. Children’s Texts in a User Perspective”This article presents a notion of children’s media and texts based on their everyday life practices in different social settings. Through an analysis of texts and media related to the field of ‘playing football’ and ‘being a football kid’, a broadened view on the role of literature and media products in children’s everyday life is outlined. The concept of transmedia texts is used to understand how a phenomenon like football can function as a common denominator across a range of otherwise seperate media and texts. Further, mediatized play practice is understood as the foundation of the connections and meaning making practices carried out by the children themselves.
Depression: Giver diagnosens tilgang mening?
Authors: Ulrich Anita
Published: July 2017

Videnskabens forståelse af depression kan deles ind i to forskellige tilgange. Den ene finder vi i psykiatrien, den anden i samfundsvidenskaben. I udgangspunktet fungerer begge tilgange som moddiskurs til hinanden. Hvor psykiatrien søger forklaringer i biologiske vilkår, søger samfundsvidenskaben svar i det kulturelle og sociale. Parallelt med videnskabens diskussioner af depression kan der desuden iagttages en ’hverdagsdiskurs’, som på afgørende punkter synes at adskille sig både fra psykiatriens og samfundsvidenskabens. I ’hverdagsdiskurser’ synes depression ikke alene eller først og fremmest at være forbundet med ’det sygelige’, men det kan også henvise til ’det raske’. ’Hverdagsdiskursers’ lægforståelse af depression synes på den måde at kunne tilbyde perspektiver, som rækker ud over psykiatriens og samfundsvidenskabens gennemgående tilgange til depression. Depression: Do diagnostic approaches make sense?Scientific understanding of depression can be divided into two different approaches. The one can be found in psychiatry, the other within social science. At the outset, the two approaches function as counter discourses. Whereas psychiatry seeks explanations in biology, the social scientific approach seeks explanations in culture and society. Alongside scientific discussions of depression a ‘commonplace’ discourse can be delineated which at decisive points seems to differ from both psychiatry and social science. In ‘commonplace’ discourse 174 Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund, nr. 25, 173-182 depression seems neither solely nor foremost associated with ‘illness’, but can also signify ‘the healthy’. Laymen understandings of depression in ‘commonplace’ discourse therefore allow for the inclusion of perspectives that transcend standard approaches to depression within psychiatry and social science.
REFLEXIONES EN TORNO AL ENCAJE INSTITUCIONAL DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN DIRECTIVA EN LOS MUNICIPIOS DE RÉGIMEN COMÚN
Authors: Blanes Soliva Marifé
Published: July 2017

Resumen. El objeto de reflexión de este artículo parte del estudio de la legislación básica de régimen local, así como la doctrina y la jurisprudencia constitucional, con el fin de analizar el encaje institucional de la dirección pública en la organización de la gran mayoría de los municipios españoles: los municipios de régimen común. Dos elementos centran este artículo, de un lado, la dirección pública; y, de otro, la Administración local. Nos proponemos analizar la creación de estructuras directivas también en los municipios de régimen común a través de la legislación autonómica y la reglamentación local.
 
Palabras clave: Administración local, dirección pública, gestión pública, liderazgo, distribución competencias constitucionales.
 
Abstract. The object of reflection of this article is based on the study of the basic legislation of local regime, as well as the doctrine and the constitutional jurisprudence. With the purpose of analyzing the institutional fit of the public management in the organization of the great majority of the Spanish municipalities: The municipalities of common regime. Two elements focus this article, on the one hand, the public address; And, on the other hand, the local administration. We propose to analyze the creation of management structures also in the municipalities of common regime through the regional legislation and local regulation.
 
Key words: Local administration, public management, leadership, distribution constitutional competencies.
Loss to follow‐up among children and adolescents growing up with HIV infection: age really matters
Authors: Kranzer Katharina , Bradley John , Musaazi Joseph , Nyathi Mary , Gunguwo Hilary , Ndebele Wedu , Dixon Mark , Ndhlovu Mbongeni , Rehman Andrea , Khan Palwasha , Vogt Florian , Apollo Tsitsi , Ferrand Rashida Abbas
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Globally, increasing numbers of HIV‐infected children are reaching adolescence due to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated rates of loss‐to‐follow‐up (LTFU) from HIV care services among children as they transition from childhood through adolescence.

Methods: Individuals aged 5–19 years initiated on ART in a public‐sector HIV clinic in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, between 2005 and 2009 were included in a retrospective cohort study. Participants were categorized into narrow age‐bands namely: 5–9 (children), 10–14 (young adolescents) and 15–19 (older adolescents). The effect of age at ART initiation, current age (using a time‐updated Lexis expansion) and transitioning from one age group to the next on LTFU was estimated using Poisson regression.

Results: Of 2273 participants, 1013, 875 and 385 initiated ART aged 5–9, 10–14 and 15–19 years, respectively. Unlike those starting ART as children, individuals starting ART as young adolescents had higher LTFU rates after moving to the older adolescent age‐band (Adjusted rate ratio (ARR) 1.54; 95% CI: 0.94–2.55) and similarly, older adolescents had higher LTFU rates after transitioning to being young adults (ARR 1.79; 95% CI: 1.05–3.07). In older adolescents, the LTFU rate among those who started ART in that age‐band was higher compared to the rate among those starting ART at a younger age (ARR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.77). This however did not hold true for other age‐groups.

Conclusions: Adolescents had higher rates of LTFU compared to other age‐groups, with older adolescents at particularly high risk in all analyses. Age‐updated analyses that examine movement across narrow age‐bands are paramount in understanding how developmental heterogeneity in children affects HIV outcomes.
The 1200 year composite ice core record of Aleutian Low intensification
Authors: Osterberg E. C. , Winski D. A. , Kreutz K. J. , Wake C. P. , Ferris D. G. , Campbell S. , Introne D. , Handley M. , Birkel S.
Published: July 2017

Future changes in North Pacific wintertime climate will be largely determined by the response of the Aleutian Low (ALow) pressure system to anthropogenic forcing. Although the ALow has intensified over the twentieth century, global climate model projections of future ALow variability are equivocal. In order to evaluate decadal to centennial ALow forcing mechanisms and provide context for the modern intensification, here we combine a new Denali ice core (Alaska) sea‐salt sodium record with the Mount Logan ice core (Yukon) sodium record to develop a composite 1200 year record of ALow variability. The composite record indicates that the recent secular ALow intensification began circa 1741 and is unprecedented in magnitude and duration over the past millennium. North Pacific ice core snow accumulation and stable isotope records are consistent with this interpretation. The ALow intensification is associated with warming tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, consistent with dynamic theory and instrumental correlations.
Constraints on volumes and patterns of asthenospheric melt from the space‐time distribution of seamounts
Authors: Conrad Clinton P. , Selway Kate , Hirschmann Marc M. , Ballmer Maxim D. , Wessel Paul
Published: July 2017

Although partial melt in the asthenosphere is important geodynamically, geophysical constraints on its abundance remain ambiguous. We use a database of seamounts detected using satellite altimetry to constrain the temporal history of erupted asthenospheric melt. We find that intraplate volcanism on young seafloor (<60 Ma) equates to a ~20 m thick layer spread across the seafloor. If these seamounts tap partial melt within a ~20 km thick layer beneath the ridge flanks, they indicate extraction of an average melt fraction of ~0.1%. If they source thinner layers or more laterally restricted domains, larger melt fractions are required. Increased seamount volumes for older lithosphere suggest either more active ridge flank volcanism during the Cretaceous or additional recent melt eruption on older seafloor. Pacific basin age constraints suggest that both processes are important. Our results indicate that small volumes of partial melt may be prevalent in the upper asthenosphere across ocean basins.
Debris flow initiation by runoff in a recently burned basin: Is grain‐by‐grain sediment bulking or en masse failure to blame?
Authors: McGuire Luke A. , Rengers Francis K. , Kean Jason W. , Staley Dennis M.
Published: July 2017

Postwildfire debris flows are frequently triggered by runoff following high‐intensity rainfall, but the physical mechanisms by which water‐dominated flows transition to debris flows are poorly understood relative to debris flow initiation from shallow landslides. In this study, we combined a numerical model with high‐resolution hydrologic and geomorphic data sets to test two different hypotheses for debris flow initiation during a rainfall event that produced numerous debris flows within a recently burned drainage basin. Based on simulations, large volumes of sediment eroded from the hillslopes were redeposited within the channel network throughout the storm, leading to the initiation of numerous debris flows as a result of the mass failure of sediment dams that built up within the channel. More generally, results provide a quantitative framework for assessing the potential of runoff‐generated debris flows based on sediment supply and hydrologic conditions.
Antarctic pack ice algal distribution: Floe‐scale spatial variability and predictability from physical parameters
Authors: Meiners K. M. , Arndt S. , Bestley S. , Krumpen T. , Ricker R. , Milnes M. , Newbery K. , Freier U. , Jarman S. , King R. , Proud R. , Kawaguchi S. , Meyer B.
Published: July 2017

Antarctic pack ice serves as habitat for microalgae which contribute to Southern Ocean primary production and serve as important food source for pelagic herbivores. Ice algal biomass is highly patchy and remains severely undersampled by classical methods such as spatially restricted ice coring surveys. Here we provide an unprecedented view of ice algal biomass distribution, mapped (as chlorophyll a) in a 100 m by 100 m area of a Weddell Sea pack ice floe, using under‐ice irradiance measurements taken with an instrumented remotely operated vehicle. We identified significant correlations (p < 0.001) between algal biomass and concomitant in situ surface measurements of snow depth, ice thickness, and estimated sea ice freeboard levels using a statistical model. The model's explanatory power (r2 = 0.30) indicates that these parameters alone may provide a first basis for spatial prediction of ice algal biomass, but parameterization of additional determinants is needed to inform more robust upscaling efforts.
Impact geologists, beware!
Authors: Melosh H. J.
Published: July 2017

Impact geologists have long assumed that shock metamorphic features, such as planar fractures and Planar Deformation Features (PDFs) in quartz are reliable indicators of an extraterrestrial impact. A new paper by Chen et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073843) now shows that such features might arise in terrestrial lightning strikes, thus raising the bar for identification of impact sites.
Probabilistic forecasting of the disturbance storm time index: An autoregressive Gaussian process approach
Authors: Chandorkar M. , Camporeale E. , Wing S.
Published: July 2017

We present a methodology for generating probabilistic predictions for the Disturbance Storm Time(Dst) geomagnetic activity index. We focus on the One Step Ahead prediction task and use the OMNI hourly resolution data to build our models. Our proposed methodology is based on the technique of Gaussian Process Regression. Within this framework we develop two models; Gaussian Process Autoregressive (GP‐AR) and Gaussian Process Autoregressive with eXogenous inputs (GP‐ARX). We also propose a criterion to aid model selection with respect to the order of autoregressive inputs. Finally, we test the performance of the GP‐AR and GP‐ARX models on a set of 63 geomagnetic storms between 1998 and 2006 and illustrate sample predictions with error bars for some of these events.
Conjugated Polymer for Voltage‐Controlled Release of Molecules
Authors: Liu Shenghua , Fu Ying , Li Guijun , Li Li , Law Helen Ka‐wai , Chen Xianfeng , Yan Feng
Published: July 2017

Conjugated polymers are attractive in numerous biological applications because they are flexible, biocompatible, cost‐effective, solution‐processable, and electronic/ionic conductive. One interesting application is for controllable drug release, and this has been realized previously using organic electronic ion pumps. However, organic electronic ion pumps show high operating voltages and limited transportation efficiency. Here, the first report of low‐voltage‐controlled molecular release with a novel organic device based on a conjugated polymer poly(3‐hexylthiophene) is presented. The releasing rate of molecules can be accurately controlled by the duration of the voltage applied on the device. The use of a handy mobile phone to remotely control the releasing process and its application in delivering an anticancer drug to treat cancer cells are also successfully demonstrated. The working mechanism of the device is attributed to the unique switchable permeability of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) in aqueous solutions under a bias voltage that can tune the wettability of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) via oxidation or reduction processes. The organic devices are expected to find many promising applications for controllable drug delivery in biological systems.
Quaternary 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) with Tunable Bandgap
Authors: Susarla Sandhya , Kutana Alex , Hachtel Jordan A. , Kochat Vidya , Apte Amey , Vajtai Robert , Idrobo Juan Carlos , Yakobson Boris I. , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: July 2017

Alloying/doping in 2D material is important due to wide range bandgap tunability. Increasing the number of components would increase the degree of freedom which can provide more flexibility in tuning the bandgap and also reduces the growth temperature. Here, synthesis of quaternary alloys MoxW1−xS2ySe2(1−y) is reported using chemical vapor deposition. The composition of alloys is tuned by changing the growth temperatures. As a result, the bandgap can be tuned which varies from 1.61 to 1.85 eV. The detailed theoretical calculation supports the experimental observation and shows a possibility of wide tunability of bandgap.
Optical Analysis of Planar Multicrystalline Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: van Eerden Maarten , Jaysankar Manoj , Hadipour Afshin , Merckx Tamara , Schermer John J. , Aernouts Tom , Poortmans Jef , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: July 2017

Organometal halide perovskites are attracting strong interest as light‐harvesting absorber materials in single‐ and multijunction solar cells. In order to advance the technology, careful optical design of the device architecture and elaborate analysis of optical losses are essential. In this work, a detailed optical analysis of semitransparent and opaque planar CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells is reported. Using a combination of variable‐angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and spectrophotometry data, the complex refractive indices of all involved materials in the device architecture are accurately determined, taking the underlying layer stack explicitly into account. The optical properties of partial and complete layer stacks of solar cells, comprising CH3NH3PbI3 films with different CH3NH3PbI3 surface topography roughnesses, are simulated using the transfer‐matrix method. Very good agreement between simulated and experimental data is demonstrated. Sub‐bandgap absorption is observed in CH3NH3PbI3 layer stacks, which is by means of a ray‐tracing model shown to be related to diffuse scattering at the multicrystalline CH3NH3PbI3/air interface. Finally, the optical losses of all layers are discriminated for opaque and semitransparent CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells and four‐terminal perovskite/Si tandem solar cells.
Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]Dithiophene–6,7‐Difluoroquinoxaline Small Molecule Donors with >8% BHJ Solar Cell Efficiency
Authors: Liang Ru‐Ze , Wang Kai , Wolf Jannic , Babics Maxime , Wucher Philipp , Thehaiban Mohammad K. Al , Beaujuge Pierre M.
Published: July 2017

Solution‐processable small molecule (SM) donors are promising alternatives to their polymer counterparts in bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. While SM donors with favorable spectral absorption, self‐assembly patterns, optimum thin‐film morphologies, and high carrier mobilities in optimized donor–acceptor blends are required to further BHJ device efficiencies, material structure governs each one of those attributes. As a result, the rational design of SM donors with gradually improved BHJ solar cell efficiencies must concurrently address: (i) bandgap tuning and optimization of spectral absorption (inherent to the SM main chain) and (ii) pendant‐group substitution promoting structural order and mediating morphological effects. In this paper, the rational pendant‐group substitution in benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene–6,7‐difluoroquinoxaline SMs is shown to be an effective approach to narrowing the optical gap (Eopt) of the SM donors (SM1 and SM2), without altering their propensity to order and form favorable thin‐film BHJ morphologies with PC71BM. Systematic device examinations show that power conversion efficiencies >8% and open‐circuit voltages (VOC) nearing 1 V can be achieved with the narrow‐gap SM donor analog (SM2, Eopt = 1.6 eV) and that charge transport in optimized BHJ solar cells proceeds with minimal, nearly trap‐free recombination. Detailed device simulations, light intensity dependence, and transient photocurrent analyses emphasize how carrier recombination impacts BHJ device performance upon optimization of active layer thickness and morphology.
Dimensional Engineering of a Graded 3D–2D Halide Perovskite Interface Enables Ultrahigh Voc Enhanced Stability in the p‐i‐n Photovoltaics
Authors: Bai Yang , Xiao Shuang , Hu Chen , Zhang Teng , Meng Xiangyue , Lin He , Yang Yinglong , Yang Shihe
Published: July 2017

2D halide perovskite materials have shown great advantages in terms of stability when applied in a photovoltaic device. However, the impediment of charge transport within the layered structure drags down the device performance. Here for the first time, a 3D–2D (MAPbI3‐PEA2Pb2I4) graded perovskite interface is demonstrated with synergistic advantages. In addition to the significantly improved ambient stability, this graded combination modifies the interface energy level in such a way that reduces interface charge recombination, leading to an ultrahigh Voc at 1.17 V, a record for NiO‐based p‐i‐n photovoltaic devices. Moreover, benefiting from the graded structure induced continuously upshifts energy level, the photovoltaic device attains a high Jsc of 21.80 mA cm−2 and a high fill factor of 0.78, resulting in an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.89%. More importantly, it is showed that such a graded interface structure also suppresses ion migration in the device, accounting for its significantly enhanced thermal stability.
Supramolecular Nanotubules as a Catalytic Regulator for Palladium Cations: Applications in Selective Catalysis
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Li Yongguang , Xie Siying , Ma Cong , Lim Joonwon , Zhao Jiong , Kim Dae Seok , Yang Minyong , Yoon Doong Ki , Lee Myongsoo , Kim Sang Ouk , Huang Zhegang
Published: July 2017

Despite the recent development of highly efficient and stable metal catalysts, conferral of regulatory characteristics to the catalytic reaction in heterogeneous systems remains a challenge. Novel supramolecular nanotubules were prepared by alternative stacking from trimeric macrocycles, which was found to be able to coordinate with Pd cations. The Pd complexes exhibited a high catalytic performance for C−C coupling reaction. Notably, the tubular catalyst was observed to be controlled by supramolecular reversible assembly and showed superior heterogeneous catalytic activity, which was maintained for a number of cycles or reuse under an aerobic environment. Furthermore, the supramolecular catalyst showed unprecedented selectivity for the multifunctional coupling reaction and was able to serve as a new constructor of asymmetrical compounds.
Reconsideration of the Marquesan sequence in East Polynesian prehistory, with particular reference to Hane (MUH1)
Authors: ANDERSON ATHOLL , LEACH HELEN , SMITH IAN , WALTER RICHARD
Published: July 2017

Current views about the Marquesan sequence are reviewed through a reassessment of the archaeological evidence from Hane. Particular attention is given to the stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating, adzes, fishhooks, harpoons, ornaments, pottery and faunal remains. These data suggest that the lower levels at Hane represent a single relatively brief phase of occupation, probably about the middle of the first millenium A.D., during the initial settlement of the Marquesas by people who had not come directly from West Polynesia.
Evidence‐based policy choices for efficient and equitable cervical cancer screening programs in low‐resource settings
Authors: Campos Nicole G. , Tsu Vivien , Jeronimo Jose , Mvundura Mercy , Kim Jane J.
Published: July 2017

Women in developing countries disproportionately bear the burden of cervical cancer. The availability of prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, which cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers, provides reason for optimism as roll‐out begins with support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. However, for the hundreds of millions of women beyond the target age for HPV vaccination, cervical cancer screening to detect and treat precancerous lesions remains the only form of prevention. Here we describe the challenges that confront screening programs in low‐resource settings, including (1) optimizing screening test effectiveness; (2) achieving high screening coverage of the target population; and (3) managing screen‐positive women. For each of these challenges, we summarize the tradeoffs between resource utilization and programmatic attributes. We then highlight opportunities for efficient and equitable programming, with supporting evidence from recent mathematical modeling analyses informed by data from the PATH demonstration projects in India, Nicaragua, and Uganda.
Cooperation of HIF‐ and NCAM‐mediated mechanisms in cell viability of hippocampal cultures after oxygen–glucose deprivation
Authors: Lushnikova Iryna , Nikandrova Yelyzaveta , Skibo Galyna
Published: July 2017

Neurodegenerative diseases of different genesis are the result of cellular damages including those caused by oxygen and glucose deficit. Neuronal survival or death in brain pathologies depends on a variety of interrelated molecular mechanisms. A key role in modulation of neuron viability belongs to HIF (hypoxia‐inducible factor) and NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecules) signaling pathways. In this work, we used organotypic and dissociated hippocampal cultures to analyze cell viability and HIF‐1α immunopositive (HIF‐1α+) signal after 30 min oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by 24 h of reoxygenation in the presence of FGL (synthetic NCAM‐derived mimetic peptide). According to LDH‐ and MTS‐assay of cell viability, FGL showed a neuroprotective effect, which was attributed to the association with FGFR. We showed that these effects correlated with changes of the HIF‐1α+ level suggesting the communications of HIF and NCAM signaling pathways. These data extend our knowledge of neurodegeneration mechanisms and open additional potential for the development of neuroprotection strategies.
Cardiac transplant vasculopathy
Authors: Tobis Jonathan M.
Published: July 2017

Key Points

Transplant vasculopathy is a form of slowly progressive rejection.

The interventional cardiologist plays an important role in maintaining survival of this precious commodity by performing PCI.

Everolimus drug eluting stents are highly effective and have relatively low occurrence of in‐stent restenosis, but transplant vasculopathy continues to progress in a diffuse pattern.
Current approaches to retroperitoneal hemorrhage: Too little, too late
Authors: Safian Robert D.
Published: July 2017

Key Points

Retroperitoneal hemorrhage (RPH) arises in < 0.5% of patients undergoing percutaneous intervention, but is associated with high risks of morbidity and mortality.

More than 50% of medical malpractice claims against interventional cardiologists are related to death and hemorrhage from vascular injury; delays in diagnosis and treatment are common.

The current approach to RPH is characterized by “too little” to diagnose and “too late” to manage patients in extremis. Immediate CTA allows rapid diagnosis and triage to appropriate endovascular therapy, without delay.
Left atrial pressure and predictors of survival after percutaneous mitral paravalvular leak closure
Authors: Maor Elad , Raphael Claire E. , Panaich Sidakpal S. , Alkhouli Mohamad , Cabalka Allison , Hagler Donald J. , Pollak Peter M. , Reeder Guy S. , Eleid Mackram F. , Rihal Charanjit S.
Published: July 2017

Background

Data on the clinical utility of left atrial (LA) hemodynamic monitoring during percutaneous mitral interventions are limited.

Objectives

To evaluate the association between intraprocedural LA pressures during percutaneous mitral paravalvular leak (PVL) closure and long term survival.

Methods

Patients who underwent mitral PVL repair with invasive LA pressure monitoring were divided at baseline to three tertiles based on their mean final LA pressure (<25%; 25‐30%; >30% of mean systolic blood pressure). Primary outcome was all‐cause mortality.

Results

134 patients (mean age 68 ± 12 years) were studied. Over 3 year mean follow‐up, 81 (38%) patients died. The cumulative probability of death at 3 years was significantly higher among patients in the highest LA pressure tertile (56 ± 8% vs. 28 ± 5%, log rank P < 0.001). More than mild residual mitral regurgitation (MR) by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was associated with a 2.5‐fold increased risk of death and patients in the highest LA pressure tertile had 2.2‐fold higher mortality (P < 0.001 and = 0.003 respectively). After adjustment for residual MR by TEE, each 10% acute procedural reduction in LA pressures was associated with a significant 9% reduced risk of death (P = 0.023). Multivariate Cox regression with adjustment for multiple predictors of death showed that patients in lower LA pressure tertiles had 59% lower mortality (P = 0.003).

Conclusion

Lower LA pressure following mitral PVL closure is an independent predictor of improved survival, even after adjustment for residual MR. LA pressure monitoring may be a useful tool for procedural guidance during mitral PVL closure.
Development and validation of a risk model for long‐term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: The IDEA‐BIO Study
Authors: van Boven Nick , van Domburg Ron T. , Kardys Isabella , Umans Victor A. , Akkerhuis K. Martijn , Lenzen Mattie J. , Valgimigli Marco , Daemen Joost , Zijlstra Felix , Boersma Eric , van Geuns Robert‐Jan
Published: July 2017

Objectives

We aimed to develop a model to predict long‐term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), to aid in selecting patients with sufficient life expectancy to benefit from bioabsorbable scaffolds.

Background

Clinical trials are currently designed to demonstrate superiority of bioabsorbable scaffolds over metal devices up to 5 years after implantation.

Methods

From 2000 to 2011, 19.532 consecutive patients underwent PCI in a tertiary referral hospital. Patients were randomly (2:1) divided into a training (N = 13,090) and validation (N = 6,442) set. Cox regression was used to identify determinants of long‐term mortality in the training set and used to develop a risk model. Model performance was studied in the training and validation dataset.

Results

Median age was 63 years (IQR 54–72) and 72% were men. Median follow‐up was 3.6 years (interquartile range [IQR] 2.4‐6.8). The ratio elective vs. non‐elective PCIs was 42/58. During 88,620 patient‐years of follow‐up, 3,156 deaths occurred, implying an incidence rate of 35.6 per 1,000. Estimated 5‐year mortality was 12.9%.Regression analysis revealed age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, prior myocardial infarction, PCI indication, lesion location, number of diseased vessels and cardiogenic shock at presentation as determinants of mortality. The long‐term risk model showed good discrimination in the training and validation sets (c‐indices 0.76 and 0.74), whereas calibration was appropriate.

Conclusions

A simple risk model, containing 9 baseline clinical and angiographic variables effectively predicts long‐term mortality after PCI and may possibly be used to select suitable patients for bioabsorbable scaffolds.
Three‐ and 6‐month optical coherence tomographic surveillance following percutaneous coronary intervention with the Angiolite® drug‐eluting stent: The ANCHOR study
Authors: Puri Rishi , Otaegui Imanol , Sabaté Manel , Serra‐Peñaranda Antonio , Puigfel Marti , Perez de Prado Armando , Nombela‐Franco Luis , de la Torre Hernandez Jose M. , Ortas Nadal Rosario , Iniguez‐Romo Andres , Jiménez Gustavo , Fernandez‐Vazquez Felipe , Cuellas‐Ramon Carlos , Gonzalo Nieves , Alfonso Jiménez Diaz Victor , Duocastella Lluis , Molina Maria , Amoros Marc , Perez Isabel , Barria Perez Alberto , Pelletier Beaumont Emilie , Nicholls Stephen J. , Garcia del Blanco Bruno , Rodés‐Cabau Josep
Published: July 2017

Background

Pre‐clinical results of a novel open‐cell, thin strut, durable polymer, laser cut cobalt chromium sirolimus‐eluting stent (Angiolite) were promising. Using quantitative optical coherence tomographic (OCT) analyses, we explored the healing characteristics of the Angiolite DES system at 3‐ and 6‐months post implantation.

Methods

A total of 103 patients with de novo coronary lesions underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with the Angiolite DES and were randomized 1:3 into two cohorts for angiographic and OCT follow‐up, with 28 and 70 patients returning for 3‐ or 6‐month post‐PCI surveillance, respectively. The primary endpoints were the 6‐month rates of OCT‐derived neointimal proliferation, strut coverage and incomplete strut apposition (ISA), whilst the secondary endpoints were 3‐month OCT‐derived measures of strut coverage and ISA, as well as 6‐month quantitative coronary angiographic‐derived measures [late lumen loss (LLL), binary restenosis].

Results

The Angiolite stent was successfully implanted in all patients, without periprocedural complications. At 3‐ and 6‐months follow‐up, OCT strut coverage was evident in 86.3% and 83.3% of struts, mean neointimal thickness was 73.7 ± 46.5 μm and 73.9 ± 54.3 μm, mean neo‐intimal area obstruction of 5.8% ±10.3% and 4.4% ± 11.3%, and ISA rates were 1.3% ± 7.3% and 1.1% ± 6.2%, respectively. In‐stent LLL at 6 months was 0.07 ± 0.37 mm, with a binary in‐stent angiographic restenosis rate of 0% without any stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death, with 1 patient undergoing ischemia‐driven target‐lesion revascularization.

Conclusions

At 6 months, the Angiolite DES was safe with high rates of strut coverage, modest degrees of neointimal hyperplasia and very low rates of strut malapposition. These data coupled with the absence of in‐stent binary restenosis and a very low 6‐month in‐stent LLL point towards an efficacious DES. Future studies are required to evaluate its efficacy in broader lesion subsets with longer follow‐up.
Primary cardiac intimal sarcoma masquerading as mitral stenosis
Authors: Spartalis Michael , Tzatzaki Eleni , Spartalis Eleftherios , Moris Demetrios , Athanasiou Antonios , Kyrzopoulos Stamatios , Tsiapras Dimitrios , Voudris Vassilis
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical Message

Intimal sarcomas are a very rare medical entity and usually arise from the pulmonary artery or the thoracic aorta. Sarcomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with suspected mitral valve disease. Echocardiography should be performed as early as possible to establish a prompt diagnosis and management.
Solubility of CO2 in water and NaCl solution in equilibrium with hydrate. Part II: Model calculation
Authors: Sun Qiang , Tian Huan , Guo Xuqiang , Liu Aixian , Yang Lanying
Published: July 2017

In this work, a calculation model of CO2 solubility in equilibrium with hydrate was developed on the basis of the Patel‐Teja equation of state and Chen‐Guo hydrate model. The solubility of CO2 in water and NaCl solution in equilibrium with hydrate were calculated respectively under the temperature window of 273.95 K to 282.55 K and the pressure window of 2.0 MPa to 8.0 MPa. The comparisons between the calculated and experimental values show that the average absolute deviation percentages (AADP) are 2.12 % for the CO2/H2O system and 2.31 % for the CO2/NaCl/H2O system, respectively. It demonstrates that the model proposed in this work could well predict the solubility of CO2 in NaCl solution in equilibrium with hydrate.