bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Chrysotile Nanofibers Dispersion on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Cement Matrix
Authors: Yakovlev Grigory Ivanovich , Drochytka Rostislav , Grakhov Valery , Saidova Zarina , Polyanskikh Irina Sergeevna , Pudov Igor Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2021

The article describes the influence of chrysotile nanofibers dispersion introduction on the properties of the cement matrix. Comparison of the dispersion level of suspensions obtained using cavitation and ultrasonic processing methods is presented. The positive effect of chrysotile fibers application on the strength characteristics of the material has been confirmed. A 34% increase in the compressive strength of the samples was achieved on the 7th day of hardening, while on the 28th day it increased by 36% and with the steam treatment - by 38% compared to the reference sample. Laser particle size analysis confirmed the predominance of the nanosized component of chrysotile fibers in the suspension, which affected the structuring of the cement matrix. The results of the differential thermography, IR spectrometry, X-ray microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy of the samples are also presented. The analysis methods confirmed that introduction of chrysotile nanofibers suspension into the composition of a cement binder makes it possible to significantly vary the structure and morphology of new formations in fine-grained concrete. It also changes the quantitative and qualitative phase composition of the material with the formation of calcium silicate hydrates of lower basicity, leading to an increase in the strength of cement concrete.
Scale Bridging in Computational Modelling of Quasi-Brittle Fracture of Cementitious Composites
Authors: Vala Jiří , Kozák Vladislav , Jedlička Michal
Published: October 2021

Computational prediction damage in cementitious composites, as steel fibre reinforced ones, under mechanical, thermal, etc. loads, manifested as creation of micro-fractured zones, followed by potential initiation and evolution of macroscopic cracks, is a rather delicate matter, due to the necessity of bridging between micro-and macro-scales. This short paper presents a relatively simple approach, based on the nonlocal viscoelasticity model, coupled with cohesive crack analysis, using extended finite element techniques. Such model admits proper verification of its existence and convergence results, from the physical and mathematical formulation up to software implementation of relevant algorithms. Its practical applicability is documented on a sequence of representative computational examples.
Mechanical Properties of Reproduced Historic Mosaic Mortar
Authors: Bauerová Pavla , Reiterman Pavel , Kracík Štorkánová Magdalena , Keppert Martin
Published: October 2021

Mortars containing linseed oil as admixture to lime were identified in several mosaics found in Czech Republic. These mosaics were made around 1900 and the composition of their bedding mortar was likely influenced by publication La Mosaïque by E. Gerspach [1], published in Paris, 1880. The recipe for lime mortar with linseed oil and stand oil has been reproduced within the present paper. Four mixes were prepared with varying oil/stand oil content (below, above and according to Gerspach’s recommendation). The primary motivation of mosaic artists to use oil admixture was to keep the mortar’s plasticity for longer time, what is beneficial for the mosaic tesseraes (stones) adjustment. This effect was quantified by help of Vicat apparatus. The influence of oils on mechanical properties and carbonation was evaluated at 28 days. It was found by XRD, that the rate of carbonation is reduced due to the oil presence. It is caused by fact that the oil acts also as water-repealing admixture what reduces the ability of aerial CO2 to dissolve in pore solution and react with lime. The deformation behavior of material has been modified by oil toward the higher toughness, but lower compressive strength, due to polymeration of oil in mortar.
The Role of Properdin in C5 Convertase Activity and C5b-9 Formation in the Complement Alternative Pathway
Authors: Michels Marloes A H M , Maas Rianne J F , van der Velden Thea J A M , van de Kar Nicole C A J , van den Heuvel Lambertus P W J , Volokhina Elena B ,   on behalf of the COMBAT Consortium
Published: October 2021

The complement system is an important part of innate immunity. Complement activation leads to formation of convertase enzymes, switch of their specificity from C3 to C5 cleavage, and generation of lytic membrane attack complexes (C5b-9) on surfaces of pathogens. Most C5 cleavage occurs via the complement alternative pathway (AP). The regulator properdin promotes generation and stabilization of AP convertases. However, its role in C5 activation is not yet understood. In this work, we showed that serum properdin is essential for LPS- and zymosan-induced C5b-9 generation and C5b-9–mediated lysis of rabbit erythrocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated its essential role in C5 cleavage by AP convertases. To this end, we developed a hemolytic assay in which AP convertases were generated on rabbit erythrocytes by using properdin-depleted serum in the presence of C5 inhibitor (step 1), followed by washing and addition of purified C5–C9 components to allow C5b-9 formation (step 2). In this assay, addition of purified properdin to properdin-depleted serum during convertase formation (step 1) was required to restore C5 cleavage and C5b-9–mediated hemolysis. Importantly, C5 convertase activity was also fully restored when properdin was added together with C5b-9 components (step 2), thus after convertase formation. Moreover, with C3-depleted serum, not capable of forming new convertases but containing properdin, in step 2 of the assay, again full C5b-9 formation was observed and blocked by addition of properdin inhibitor Salp20. Thus, properdin is essential for the convertase specificity switch toward C5, and this function is independent of properdin’s role in new convertase formation.
Serum nitric oxide levels are depleted in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Atagun Murat İlhan , Atay Ozge Canbek , Balaban Ozlem D. , Ipekcioglu Derya , Alpugan Baris , Yalcin Suat , Senat Almila , Karamustafalioglu Nesrin , Ilnem Mehmet C. , Erel Ozcan
Published: October 2021

Background:

Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous substance which has several endocrine functions and may act as neurotransmitter in the brain. High levels of NO may provoke nitrosative stress.

Aim:

It was aimed to examine serum levels of NO in patients with depressive episodes who were treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in this study.

Methods:

The design was a case–control, follow-up study. Patients with depressive episodes (n = 23) and a healthy control group (n = 21) were enrolled. Three serum samples were obtained from the patient group (before ECT, after first and seventh sessions). NO, nitrite, and nitrate levels were examined.

Statistical Analysis:

Differences between groups were examined with t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. Longitudinal data were evaluated with Panel Regression Analysis and Kruskal–Wallis Test.

Results:

Serum levels of NO and nitrite decreased significantly after the seventh session of ECT administration compared to the baseline and first session. Nitrate levels did not differ between the assessments.

Conclusions:

Reduction of the serum NO and nitrite levels might be a contributing factor for hypertension during the sessions. These findings are reflect the circulating NO levels. Further studies may dissect NO physiology in the brain in mental disorders and potential external effects.
Colchicine as a Therapeutic Drug in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis - A Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: M. Mounika Somisetty V. M. , Manne Rakesh K. , Kannan Natarajan , Beeraka Swapna S. , Sarath Prathi V. , Saikiran Kanamarlapudi V.
Published: October 2021

Aim:

The present study was planned to clinically determine the effectiveness of colchicine as a monotherapy in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty OSMF patients were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups by permuted-block randomization. Group A: Patients were treated with 0.5 mg colchicine (Goutnil) tablets twice daily for 3 months. Whereas, in Group B, intralesional injection of dexamethasone 2 mL, hyaluronidase 1,500 IU with 2 mL lignocaine HCl biweekly for 4–6 weeks were given. For all the individuals, baseline parameters like mouth opening, buccal mucosal flexibility, burning sensation, and tongue protrusion were recorded and reassessment was done at 1, 3, and 6 months followed by statistical analysis.

Results:

A significant decrease in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for severity of burning sensation was observed in Group A whereas mouth opening and tongue protrusion were higher in Group B patients. Statistically significant differences in the buccal mucosal flexibility were appreciable in the intragroup comparisons of both the groups from baseline to 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion :

Colchicine can be suggested as an adjuvant drug for reducing the burning sensation for the OSMF patients in whom steroids are contraindicated.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Presenting in Oral Cavity – A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Christy A Winnifred , Raja Devathambi T. Jones , Lakshmi B Deepika , Venkatesh Gheerthana
Published: October 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia is a malignant disease of the bone marrow. Because of its high morbidity, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to save lives. This article describes the case reports of a 33-year-old female and a 60-year-old male who came to our dental hospital with gingival overgrowth, gingival bleeding, epistaxis, and facial swelling for about 1 week. After doing a thorough hematological examination, acute myeloid leukemia was diagnosed The oral health care professionals need to be able to recognize oral physiological characteristics, and, when identifying a change of normalcy, investigate it requesting additional tests or referring the patient to a specialized professional.
Prevalence and Morphological Assessment of Bifid Mandibular Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Among a Group of Yemeni Adults
Authors: Qaid Nabil , Aldilami Abdulwahab , AL-Jawfi Khaled , Shamala Anas
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

The study aimed to assess the prevalence and morphology of bifid mandibular canal (BMC) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) among a group of Yemeni adults.

Materials and Methods:

The presence and type of BMC were evaluated among 400 CBCT images. Prevalence rate of BMC was also determined according to gender. Further, the diameter and length of BMCs were measured using Ez3D plus software. Chi-square analysis and the analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) were used.

Results:

The study concluded that BMCs were found in 60 (15%) of total cases. There was no significant correlation between gender and BMC prevalence. Forward BMC was the most common type (48.3%), followed by retromolar BMC (35.0%) then dental BMC (16.7%); while not even one case of buccolingual BMC was observed. There was a significant difference in the mean diameter of BMC (P value = 0.016). There was a significant difference in the mean length of BMC (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of BMCs in Yemeni adults is relatively high, and forward BMC was the most common type. Detecting BMCs by using CBCT imaging is highly recommended prior to any mandibular surgery.
Mucosal Burning
Authors: Temgire Shriya Dinesh , Garje Shrinivas S. , Khare Vikram V.
Published: October 2021

Malignant tumors in the maxillary sinus (MxS) are rare and are usually diagnosed when perforating the sinus walls in the later stages. Asymptomatic growth of the malignancy is facilitated by the presence of large air space in the MxS. The clinical presentation depends on the sinus wall involvement by the tumors. Symptoms of maxillary sinus carcinoma (MxSCa) can resemble dental infection that the affected patients may visit dental clinics for seeking treatment. This report presents a case of MxSCa, which was secondarily infected along with the rare clinical finding and chief complaint being severe mucosal burning. Attention toward these rare symptoms should be considered, as cases have not been reported with symptoms of burning sensation in MxSCa. Advanced imaging modality such as computed tomography for prompt identification of such lesions is discussed. The patient's first diagnosis is mostly in an advanced stage with a poor prognosis.
Evaluation of Anatomical Variations of Sella Turcica with Age and Gender Using Digital Lateral Cephalogram in Chennai City
Authors: Arthisri Anandhi Seker , Dhanapriya Subramaniyan , Niranjana A. , Mehazabin S. , Massillamani F. , Kailasam S.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Pituitary gland dysfunction might be predicted by examining the alteration of Sella turcica during the routine radiological examination of lateral cephalogram.

Aim:

The study aimed to analyze the variation in size and shape of sella turcica according to age and gender on lateral cephalogram among the people in the south zone of Chennai city.

Materials and Method:

A series of lateral cephalogram images from 200 patients comprising 94 males and 106 females were collected retrospectively from archives in the database. The shape and size of sella turcica were measured digitally. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test and unpaired sample t-test.

Results:

The frequency of distribution of shapes of sella turcica among the people in Chennai city was 46% normal followed by 15.5% irregular dorsum sellae, 14.5% pyramidal shape, 11.5% bridging, 7% oblique anterior wall, 5.5% double contour. The length and depth of Sella turcica was greater in males when compared with that of the females which were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The depth and diameter were higher in the 10–20 years age group than the 20–30 year age group, which was statistically significant (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

The size of Sella turcica alters between different age groups and gender. Variations in the shape of Sella turcica were present in nearly half of the individuals in the present study. Thus, the morphology of Sella turcica should be assessed as a part of routine radiographic examination.
Application and Validation of Lamendin et al.'s Adult Age Estimation Method using Mandibular Premolar Teeth on Western Indian (Gujarati) Population
Authors: Limdiwala Piyush G. , Sugandha Nagpal , Shah Jigna S. , Pillai Jayasankar P.
Published: October 2021

Aim:

To evaluate the applicability of the method by Lamendin et al. for adult dental age estimation using extracted single-rooted mandibular first premolar in the Western Indian population and to develop a new regression equation.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety-seven extracted mandibular first premolars were collected from patients in the age range of 15–75 years. The root height, root translucency, and periodontosis parameters were measured. Lamendin's formula was tested on 77 randomly selected specimens. The regression formula was applied to the remaining 20 specimens to validate the same. The data were analyzed using the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), paired t-tests, and Pearson's correlation tests.

Results:

The mean estimated age using Lamendin's original formula was 44.75 years (±10.52) for the overall sample (N = 77). There was an overestimation of the age of the study sample by 0.11 year (SD = 11.14; df = 76; P > 0.05). The regression equation based on the data of the mandibular first premolar was Age (Yrs.) =18.423 + 0.441 (P) +0.423 (T) with a SEE = 11.07; r
2
= 0.540; Sig. P <0.001. The mean estimated age of the test sample (N = 20) was 35.85 years ± 7.32 (P < 0.05) and 37.87 ± 6.19 (P > 0.05) by applying the new premolar formula and Lamendin's original formula, respectively.

Conclusion:

A strong positive correlation was found between the actual age and the estimated age using Lamendin's method, and there was no significant difference between the actual age and the estimated age of the study population using Lamendin's original and new premolar formula.
Assessing the Prevalence of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction and Obstructive Sleep Apnea by Correlating Cone Beam Computed Tomography Parameters of Soft Palate with the Stop Bang Questionnaire
Authors: Madhu Preetha V. S. , Harsha Vardhan B. G. , Gopal K. Saraswathi , Lankupalli Arathy S.
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

The relationship between soft palate length and nasopharyngeal depth can be used to determine the velopharyngeal dysfunction and is called Need's ratio. Need's ratio should be in a range of 0.6–0.7 in normal subjects. Any increase greater than 80% demonstrated a risk for developing velopharyngeal dysfunction.

Aim:

To assess the prevalence risk rate of obstructive sleep apnea using snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, gender (STOP-BANG) questionnaire and to evaluate various parameters of the soft palate, pharyngeal depth, and determination of Need's ratio using CBCT.

Materials and Method:

In this prospective study, patients who reported for CBCT assessment in the age group ranging from 20 to 50 years were included. The sample size of the study was calculated to be 42. Furthermore, the patients were screened with the STOP- BANG questionnaire and shapes of the soft palate, velar length, width, and pharyngeal depth were obtained with the CBCT sections, and Need's ratio was calculated.

Results:

The collected data were analyzed with IBM. SPSS software 23.0. Based on the results of the STOP- BANG questionnaire, P value was found to be significant. Based on the CBCT parameters, the most common shape was the leaf-shaped soft palate. The velar length, width, and pharyngeal depth were found to be higher in males. Need's ratio was found to be increasing with an increase in age. A significant correlation of risk for OSA was established based on a comparison of questionnaire results with the results obtained from CBCT parameters with Need's ratio.

Conclusion:

CBCT is a static imaging technique, it can identify the anatomic risk factors for developing sleep apnea.
Comparison of Two Methods in Estimating the Relation Between Dental Age and Chronological Age
Authors: Gunasekaran Surya , Mahabob Nazargi , Elangovan Captain S , Jaishankar Suman , Kumar B Senthil , Rajendran Deepika
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Personal identification is becoming increasingly important not only in legal medicine but also in criminal investigation, identification, and genetic research. Dental age (DA) estimation has gained acceptance because it is less variable when compared to other age indicators.

Aim:

This study aims to determine DA by radiographic methods in digital orthopantamogram using Willem's method and in intraoral periapical radiograph using Kvaal's method and also to find out the accuracy of two methods in determining the relation between DA and chronological age.

Materials and Methods:

The study sample consisted of 75 randomly selected subjects who referred to the Oral Medicine and Radiology department for the purpose to undergo orthodontic treatment, were selected. Orthopantmograph and one intraoral periapical radiograph of right mandibular first molar using paralleling cone technique were taken for each patient The DA was determined using orthopantamography by Willem's method and intraoral periapical radiograph by Kvaal's method.

Results:

The student's t-test was used to analyze the significance between the two different age estimation methods. In Demirjian's method, the overall mean difference between estimated DA and CA for males was 15.10 years, while for females was 11.88 years. Estimated DA assessment by Willem's method appeared to underestimate chronological age both in males and females.

Conclusion:

In this study, a significant relation was found between estimated DA and CA in the Willem method (p-0.00) and Kvaal's method (p-0.05). Both the methods seem to be applicable in estimating the age of both genders.
Evaluation of pediatric prescriptions using WHO indicators in a tertiary care hospital in Pune city, India
Authors: Prasad Alitta , Johar Apoorv , Deshpande Prasanna R.
Published: October 2021

Context:

The study provides comprehensive insight on the use of World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators in the pediatric population in a tertiary care hospital.

Aims:

The aim was to evaluate pediatric prescriptions as per WHO prescribing indicators.

Settings and Design:

This study was a prospective observational study, conducted at Pediatrics Outpatient Department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital for 6 months.

Materials and Methods:

This included consent form and data collection form.

Statistical Analysis:

Spearman’s rank correlation and Mann–Whitney U-test were performed to evaluate whether prescribing indicators are statistically dependent on age and gender, respectively. P-values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 418 prescriptions were included in the study. The majority of the patients were female (70.09%). The mean age of the patients was 5.87 (SD±4.32) years, with a range from 3 days to 17 years. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.4 (SD±1.022). Only 4.21% of medicines were prescribed by generic name. Antibiotics and injections were prescribed in 7.65% and 0.23% of prescriptions, respectively. Drugs prescribed from the essential drug list (EDL) were 60.45%.

Conclusion:

The study necessitates the need to follow the optimal values set by WHO prescribing indicators. The percentage of prescriptions with antibiotics and injections was in the optimal range as set by WHO. However, the average number of drugs/prescriptions, usage of generic names, and prescriptions using the EDL were not in the optimal range. The prescribing indicator did not statistically depend on age and gender.
Antenatal diagnosis and management of cystic hygroma with hydrops fetalis
Authors: Pugalia Saloni , Shetty Shruti , Mhapankar Sabrina
Published: October 2021

Cystic hygroma is a congenital thin-walled cyst that contains lymphatic fluids. Ultrasonography has helped in detecting more and more cases of cystic hygroma with fetal hydrops. Fetal hydrops and cystic hygroma can be diagnosed in the first and second trimesters of gestation and are associated with a higher incidence of aneuploidy and have higher mortality rate. The mortality rate of cystic hygroma diagnosed before 30 weeks is 93%, and 84% of those are associated with progressive non-immune hydrops. We present three case series of cystic hygroma progressing to hydrops fetalis.
Spectrum of endometrial pathology in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Ilyas Abeer M. , Ilyas Mohd Abbas , Ilyas Abida M. , Pasha Siddique S. Kamal , Kumar Ajay
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common problems among women of all age groups. Endometrial sampling is a frequently performed procedure by the gynecologist that offers an opportunity to diagnose pathological conditions in the endometrium to accurately evaluate and diagnose the etiology. A study of the endometrium will establish the underlying cause and thereafter help the gynecologist to plan for the management.

Aims:

To study the histopathological pattern and spectrum of lesions in a patient with AUB. To analyze various pathological conditions and to highlight the importance of endometrial histology.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study that evaluated 83 patients with AUB by dilatation and curettage and/or endometrial biopsy of the rural population.

Results:

The most common endometrial pattern found to be hyperplasia without atypia (19/83) 22.9% followed by disordered proliferative (17/83) 19.27% and later by endometrial polyp (8/83) 9.63%, atypical hyperplasia/endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (1/83) 1.2% and lastly one case each of chronic non-specific endometritis, tuberculous endometritis, and histiocytic endometritis. There were 2/83 that is 2.4% case of endometrial adenocarcinoma with age range falling between above 50 years.

Conclusion:

Endometrial biopsy or curettage could be a safe and effective diagnostic step in the evaluation of AUB after ruling out medical causes with a detailed workup of the patient. This could help the clinician to design therapy for successful management.
Generation of efficacy data on 60 years and older population using SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
Authors: Ghosh Prasanta Kumar
Published: October 2021

As of March 31, 2021 nine vaccines against coronavirus-2019 disease (COVID-19 flu) were approved globally, which include ChAdOx1 (AZS1222) (AstraZeneca/Oxford, UK), COVAXIN (Bharat Biotech, India), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech, USA), mRNA-1273 (Moderna, USA), ADENO 26 CoV2.S (Johnson &Johnson, USA), Sputnik V (Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia), CORONA VAC (Sinovac Biotech, China), BBIBP-Cor V (Sinopharm, China), and ZF2001 (Anhui Zhifei Longcom, China and Institute of Microbiology, China). All are two-dose vaccines except two, namely ADENO 26 CoV2.S that requires one dose only and ZF2001 that requires three doses. In India, during the same period, only two vaccines namely of AstraZeneca/Oxford by the name COVISHIELD in India, and COVAXIN of Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad were approved. As there is yet no effective therapeutic substance to contain the disease, mass vaccination is the only effective alternative to fight the pandemic. Due to the nonavailability of an adequate supply of ChAdOx1 (AZS1222) vaccine, countries using this one are resorting to delaying the use of the second dose, which must be deployed before the antibody titer is waned off after the first dose. There is a need to experimentally determine how much delay can be made between the two doses for other vaccines also. It was found later that AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine provided protection after the first dose, up to 90 days, and therefore, the second dose was adopted to be used after 12 weeks. As people over 60 years are more vulnerable to the disease, data need to be generated for each vaccine on this population on whether there is any need to reschedule the dosage gaps as also if new three-dose regimens are more efficacious.
Childhood Dead-Before-Arrival at a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility
Authors: Adeniyi Adewuyi Temidayo , Kuti Bankole Peter , Adegoke Samuel Ademola , Oke Oluwasola Julius , Aladekomo Theophilus Adesola , Oyelami Oyeku Akibu
Published: October 2021

Background:

Dead-before-arrival (DBA) is a term used to describe patients who had no sign of life at the time of presentation to the hospital. Little information exists about it in children. This study sets out to determine the prevalence and pattern of DBA among children presenting to a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

Standardized verbal autopsy was used to ascertain the details about children aged 1 month to 14 years who were cases of DBA at the Children Emergency Ward of the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria, over 12 months. Socio-demographic history, symptoms before demise, treatment received, and suspected cause (s) of death were documented. The prevalence of DBA was compared to the in-hospital mortality during the period.

Results:

A total of 64 (7.4%) of the 863 emergency admissions were cases of DBA. Median (interquartile range) age was 18.0 (8.0–52.5) months, male: female was 1.7 and over 78.1% were under-fives. Infections such as malaria, sepsis, and gastroenteritis were the most common suspected causes of death, followed by accidental injuries from a road traffic crash, drowning, and aspirations. Cases of DBA were significantly higher than in-hospital mortality during the study period (7.4% vs. 5.6%).

Conclusion:

In-hospital mortality may be a tip of the iceberg as cases of DBA, and those who did not present to the hospital at all may take the lion share of childhood mortality. Making basic health care available and affordable to the populace may help reduce the burden of DBA.
Clinical Practice Satisfaction and Quality of Life among Early-Career Doctors in Nigeria
Authors: Folayan Olumuyiwa , Amoo Abimbola , Buowari Dabota , Yahya Abdulmajid , Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Umar Shehu Salihu , Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen , Osasona Oluwatoba E. , Francis Umar Wasinda , Ogunsuji Oluwaseyi , Salihu Mumeen Olaitan , Ekuaze Esele Fortunate , Adedamola Alatishe Taiwo , Babalola Rereloluwa N. , Adufe Iyanu , Uyilawa Okhuaihesuyi , Williams Adedayo , Obazenu Lawson , Adebayo Oladimeji
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Job satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) are critical issues among early-career doctors (ECDs) in Nigeria; however, there is a paucity of data on these two issues. This study explored job satisfaction and QOL among ECDs in Nigeria.

Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study that used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic and job satisfaction parameters from 667 ECDs in seven Nigerian tertiary hospitals. The World Health Organisation QOL-BREF tool was used to assess their QoL.

Results:

Results showed that the ECDs were satisfied with their career choice; however, they were not satisfied in the areas of remuneration, workload, and work environment. Furthermore, QOL was fairly above average, with the lowest scores reported in the environmental domain and only a slight male-to-female difference in the physical domain.

Conclusion:

Clinical practice dissatisfaction among ECDs could negatively impact healthcare service delivery. Therefore, it is recommended that the quality of the workplace environment and infrastructure in society at large should be improved upon by various stakeholders. This will positively impact the QoL of ECDs and enhance optimal healthcare delivery to the nation's teeming population.
Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Okunlola Abiodun Idowu , Ibijola Ajayi Adeleke
Published: October 2021

Cutaneous mycosis fungoides is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that can mimic a metastatic skull tumor. It responds satisfactorily to chemotherapy, and extensive surgical excision is not usually necessary. We managed a 55-year-old man who presented with a slow-growing scalp tumor which recurred with accelerated recurrence after radical excision. Histology showed cutaneous mycosis fungoides which resolved with chemotherapy. Mycosis fungoides can present as a slow-growing scalp tumor. Detailed clinical evaluation, neuroimaging, and trucut biopsy for histological diagnosis can prevent unnecessary aggressive radical tumor excision and its sequelae.
The Outcome of Intervention, Characteristics, and Determinants of Treatment Failure in HIV-Infected Adolescents on First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy at a Tertiary Health Institution, in South-East Nigeria
Authors: Orji Maria-Lauretta , Onyire Nnamdi Benson , Ojukwu James Olisaluka , Oyim-Elechi Cecilia Oluchukwu
Published: October 2021

Background:

The adolescent phase of life is characterized by the desire for independence, experimentation, and heightened peer influence. These may affect HIV prevention, care, treatment, and support in adolescents.

Objective:

This study was aimed at determining the outcome of intervention and factors responsible for treatment failure among adolescents on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Materials and Methods:

It was an interventional cohort study that studied 88 adolescents on ART. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data on sociodemographics. Assessment of adherence was done by pill count and self-reports. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the amount of HIV RNA in participants.

Results:

A total of 22 (25.0%) out of 88 adolescents had viral load assays of ≥1000 copies/ml despite being on first-line ART for a mean period of 5.70 ± 3.21 years. After enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) of three months, 10 (44.5%) of the 22 adolescents achieved viral suppression (<1000 copies/ml). Being tired of taking drugs was the major reason (41.1%) for non-adherance to ART. There were significant relationships between treatment failure and age (P = 0.010), gender (P = 0.024), socio-economic class (P = 0.020), orphan status (P = 0.010), type of ART (P = 0.008), HIV status disclosure (P ≤ 0.001), and sexual experience in the adolescent (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:

Viral suppression rate after EAC was low. There is a need to address modifiable factors that influence viral non-suppression in adolescents through adolescent-friendly and responsive services geared toward counselling, skill acquisition, and empowerment to help adolescents navigate this stage of life.
Post-transurethral resection of prostate urethral strictures
Authors: Sekar Hariharasudhan , Palaniyandi Velmurugan , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Kumaresan Natarajan
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

Post-transurethral resection of prostate urethral stricture (PTS) is a well-documented delayed complication following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The aim is to analyze various risk factors of PTS and see if the overall incidence is underreported.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted in our institution between January 2017 and December 2018 in men who underwent TURP. Data obtained from the medical records department were analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher's exact test. A two-tailed P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results:

Of the 447 men who underwent TURP, 57 developed PTS. Fifteen of 334 patients who underwent calibration before the procedure developed stricture compared to 42 of 137 without calibration (P < 0.01). There was a significantly lesser incidence of stricture with 24 Fr resectoscope compared with 26 Fr sheath (P < 0.04). Two patients with 24 Fr Foley and 30 of 35 (86%) patients with 22 Fr Foley catheter developed stricture of urethra. Distal bulbar urethra was the most common site of narrowing following TURP. Eighteen patients had Salvaris swab placed for traction and 12 patients required full-thigh traction, of which majority developed meatal stenosis.

Conclusions:

TURP is one of the common surgical procedures performed by urologists. Meatitis and meatal stenosis, if included as complications of TURP, would increase the overall incidence of PTS. Factors such as the size of resectoscope sheath used, size of catheter inserted, placement of Salvaris swab traction, and preoperative calibration of urethra have a significant impact on the ultimate outcome.
Note: The Ebb and Flow of the Democratization Process in Africa
Authors: Byness Aschalew Ashagre
Published: October 2021

Democracy and democratization are two faces of a coin, and democracy is unattainable in the absence of the democratization process. This note deals with some salient points regarding the processes, challenges and obstacles of democratization in Africa since the early 1960s. The roles of traditional institutions for democratization in Africa have also been highlighted.  I argue that the democratization process in Africa is characterized by ebb and flow. There are various challenges and obstacles to democratization in spite of strong aspirations. Yet, Africa should strive hard to overcome these challenges and obstacles since it has no choice other than democratization.
Taxonomy of Key Terms for Mathematics Education
Authors: Castro Paola , Gómez Pedro
Published: October 2021

We present the process of developing a taxonomy of key terms for Mathematics Education. We build on the existing taxonomy of key terms that has been used in an open access document repository. Additionally, we took into account terms that have been established in encyclopedias of the discipline and the frequency of use of keywords in specialized journals that were indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. We made a review of synonymy between these terms and the terms of the existing taxonomy. We included in our proposal the terms that are relevant given their frequency of use in the journals. We removed from the existing taxonomy the terms that are little used in practice. The new taxonomy is organized in six main categories: approach, educational level, foundations of Mathematics Education, research in Mathematics Education, pedagogical notions and mathematical content. This proposal was validated in three phases by researchers, innovators in Mathematics Education, and editors of specialized journals and experts who lead associations and events in the discipline.
Reliability Generalization Meta-analyses in Mathematics Education Research: A Research Synthesis
Authors: Williams Ashley M. , Young Jamaal
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this systematic review was to characterize the implementation of reliability generalization meta-analytic (RGM) practices within mathematics education-related empirical research. RGM studies are used to investigate and generalize the reliability of a measure across various studies. An exhaustive literature search was conducted to locate studies related to mathematics education, including RGM studies of psychological tests. The literature search included articles as well as grey literature (e.g., conference proceedings, dissertations, theses). Of the 27 RGM studies examined, five were on scales that related to mathematics education research, five were on scales related to motivation and/or learning, four related to self-esteem, self-concept, and/or self-efficacy, six related to perceptions, well-being, and/or anxiety, and seven related to personality or behavior. Of the mathematics education-related RGM studies, 85.5% (N=9,184) of the articles examined across studies had no mention of reliability or fell into the convention of citing previously reported reliabilities. Increasing awareness of RGM studies could lead to an increase in RGM studies conducted on mathematics education research scales, leading to increased understanding of mathematics education scales. This paper contributes to the literature on the practical and empirical importance of RGM for mathematics and STEM education praxis.
A Field Guide to Whole Number Representations in Children’s Books
Authors: Nurnberger-Haag Julie , Scheurermann Amy , McTeer Janis S.
Published: October 2021

Trade books are a common resource used to teach children mathematical ideas. Yet, detailed analyses of the mathematics content of such books to determine potential impacts on learning are needed. This study investigated how trade books represent whole numbers. A two-pronged approach was used a) one team documented every way 197 books represented numerical ideas and b) another team used standards to identify ideal representations. A third team validated the traits on 67 books. Greater variation than expected was documented (103 traits identified) and organized into a field guide for researchers to consult to design studies about how particular traits influence number learning. Studies could investigate how a particular trait supports learning or experimentally compare a selected combination of the 45 pictorial, 45 written symbol, 10 tactile, 2 kinesthetic, and 1 auditory trait. Implications for practice include recognizing what representations are present or missing from books used in classrooms. The study also serves as an example of how the field of mathematics education would benefit from adopting structures from disciplinary science, such as field guides, to inform how we organize phenomena of mathematics learning.
Digital Competences of Prospective Engineers and Science Teachers: A Latent Profile and Correspondence Analysis
Authors: Heuling Lydia Schulze , Wild Steffen , Vest Anja
Published: October 2021

In the light of ubiquitous information and communication technologies (ICT) it is essential for everyone to be digitally competent. This is particularly true for prospective engineers and teachers since their jobs play an important role in shaping our common future. We assessed engineering and science teacher students’ (n=180) digital competences at two higher education institutions in Germany using the DigComp framework. Applying a group comparison using t-Test analysis we found no differences in the level of digital competences. However, the subsequent latent profile analysis followed by correspondence analysis revealed that high digital competences correspond with a frequent use of various ICT, supporting the theory of the importance of implicit learning. Secondly, the data points towards a reproduction of the patterns of the digital divide showing the influence of socio-economic background and gender on the expression of digital competences. Recommendations for agents (student advisory services, companies, etc.) that wish to support and improve students’ digital competences are incorporated in the conclusions.
Male Counselors’ Experiences of Their Child-Clients’ Trauma
Authors: Wallace Kathleen M.
Published: October 2021

Men are underrepresented in the counseling profession, are socialized to be independent, and discouraged from seeking help. Exposure to others’ trauma can cause secondary trauma, with cumulative deleterious effects. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of male counselors who work with children who have experienced trauma. Six male counselor participants were identified, semi-structured interviews were conducted; then a hermeneutic interpretation through the lens of constructivist self-development theory elucidated participants’ experiences. The 13 themes generated from this data included: (a) counselors’ use of an eclectic theoretical approach, (b) majority of the clients had experienced trauma, (c) experiences of vicarious trauma, (d) increased empathy and growth; (e) negative impact of vicarious trauma, (f) help-seeking behavior, (g) denial of help-seeking behavior, (h) additional training, (i) coping skills, (j) supportive supervisors, (k) peer consultation, (l) supervisor role, (m) world is unsafe/people are bad, and (o) increasing knowledge.
Developing a Social Critique of Hegemony of English
Authors: Anwar Yusara , Ali Nor Liza
Published: October 2021

The language pyramid in the post-colonial territories as propounded by Melchers and Shaw in 2003 aptly reflects on the status of different languages in Pakistan. At the top is English, with its heritage as a colonial language. Then is the ‘national’ language Urdu which has nationalist value and is spoken by the majority as a lingua franca; while at the bottom of this hierarchy are the regional languages and their dialects. This hierarchy of languages has deeper repercussions enrooting stratification based on social class and commodification of languages. In this paper, this claim is substantiated by semiotic analysis of a social media text− an amateur video clip that went viral on Facebook in January 2021− in which owners of a high-end cafe in Islamabad mock their manager’s English. The video is only the tip of the iceberg of the symbolic and linguistic capitals of English in Pakistan. This analysis is further pleaded by the literature on the critical approach to language policy and planning (LPP). This critical approach can be traced back to the 1980s and Tollefson’s oft-cited book in 1991 that endeavors to situate LPP as a part of ongoing conflicts between the elites and the common masses. He regards that the evolution of the critical approach has widened its scope rendering it primarily sociocultural, dealing with the dynamics of status and prestige. Thus stated, this research attempts to converge the critical relational theory of Bourdieu with semiotics to address this issue of class discrimination based on the hegemony of English in Pakistan through a multimethodological approach.
Design Learning Module Fundamental of Computer Science: Evaluation of Content Validity
Authors: Abdul Rahman Maisarah , Zakaria Mohamad Shanudin , Din Rosseni
Published: October 2021

The visualization concept and multimedia is commonly used in designing various learning methods in education. However, less study was conducted for Fundamental of Computer Science (FCS) subjects especially in STEM education approach. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the content of design learning module for the subject of secondary two-topic Algorithms. The study uses a qualitative approach by interviewing five experts with related educational background to validate the content of the module. The findings show positive responses from those experts regarding applied visualization and multimedia suggesting some modifications be done for teaching and learning environment in the future. In conclusion, this study conclusively improvises design learning module for FCS subject by enhancing STEM education aligned with the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025.
How University Lecturers and Students Interpret Opportunities and Challenges of Online Mode of Learning
Authors: Paudyal Ganga Ram , Rana Karna
Published: October 2021

This paper reports an analysis of university lecturers and students’ experience of the online mode of learning in the COVID-19 situation. It as qualitative research employed semi-structured interviews and observation of online classes to gather data. It reports on how online classes enabled university lecturers and students to manage online learning and improve technological skills with consistent practice of various information and communication technology (ICT) tools. Despite limited technological and pedagogical knowledge, lecturers initiated online learning as an alternative to physical classroom learning in the crisis. Both lecturers and students, thus, were intimidated by new technologies and ways of learning at the beginning. In absence of ICT training, their consistent practices of online learning enabled them to develop some level of confidence in using ICT in teaching and learning activities. Many students from remote rural villages, however, are unable to access online education due to the lack of the internet, smart devices and electricity. The online mode of learning, albeit it is reported a potential strategy to shift from the traditional education system to modern learning, cannot be sustainable in the context where there is limited or no infrastructure for the internet and electricity.
Negotiation Efficacy in Conflicts between Students: Results from a Portuguese Study
Authors: Cunha Pedro , Paiva Maria Olimpia , Monteiro Ana Paula
Published: October 2021

Negotiation is one of the most used conflict management procedures in the school context, since through an effective solution against violence is reached. This investigation considers personal and scholars variables that can influence negotiation efficacy in conflicts between elementary school students, namely sex, school grade, number of failures, study time school goals, and evaluation. Following a quantitative approach, the sample consisted of 874 Portuguese students from elementary schools, 452 males and 422 females with ages ranged between 10 and 18 years. The instruments applied were a personal questionnaire, and the School Conflicts Negotiation Efficacy Questionnaire (SCNEQ). The results show that sex, number of failures, and study time have an influence on the students' negotiation efficacy, as well as on student´s evaluations. The limitations of the study and practical implications for conflict management in schools are also presented, namely that the development of students’ negotiation abilities is relevant.