bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Insulin Resistance And Advanced Renal Disease In Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Duţă Irina , Rusu Emilia , Costache Adrian , Radulian Gabriela , Ion Daniela Adriana
Published: June 2015

Background and Aims. Insulin resistance is documented in type 1 diabetes and it has been associated with chronic complications. Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this article is to quantify insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes subjects according to the presence or absence of advanced renal disease. A secondary objective was to study the possible association between insulin resistance and advanced renal disease.

Material and Methods. This was a cross-sectional study that included 167 type 1 diabetes patients. Insulin resistance was determined using the eGDR (estimated glucose disposal rate) formula. The association between eGDR and diabetic nephropathy was assessed in uni and multivariate models using stepwise logistic regression analysis of variables. The contribution of individual predictors in the final regression model was examined using Wald statistic.

Results. Significantly lower eGDR’s values were observed in patients with nephropathy: 5 vs. 7.3 (p<0.001). In univariate analysis eGDR was significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy (p<0.001). eGDR variable was retained in the final model of stepwise logistic regression (p<0.001) and showed the strongest association with diabetic nephropathy (Wald = 30.4).

Conclusions. In type 1 diabetes patients insulin resistance was the most important independent risk factor associated with advanced renal disease.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A New Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Authors: Gavril Radu Sebastian
Published: June 2015

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects nearly one-third of the world population and may increase the cardiometabolic risk, having cardiovascular consequences independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and of insulin resistance syndrome. NAFLD is a marker of ectopic accumulation of fat combined with a chronic inflammatory status. This leads to modification of physiological processes, such as abnormal glucose metabolism, changes in the fatty acids and lipoproteins, increased oxidative stress, changing the profile of adipokines, endothelial dysfunction and accelerated progression of atherosclerosis. It eventually leads to cardiometabolic dysfunction with cardiovascular mortality, representing the most important way of premature death in NAFLD. This review aims to introduce the notion of NAFLD to cardiologist clinicians, highlighting the link between NAFLD and cardiovascular risk, and the possible mechanisms underlying this association.
Prenatal diagnosis of triploidy in second trimester of pregnancy: a series of 4 cases over an eleven-year period / Diagnosticul prenatal al triploidiei în trimestrul al II-lea de sarcină: o serie de patru cazuri depistate în unsprezece ani
Authors: Socolov Demetra , Mihălceanu Elena , Popovici Diana , Gorduza Eusebiu Vlad , Balan Raluca , Martiniuc Violeta , Socolov Răzvan
Published: June 2015

Triploidy is a numerical chromosomal anomaly characterized by the presence of three sets of haploid chromosomes. The incidence is hard to evaluate, because usually it causes 1st trimester miscarriage. At 20 weeks of amenorrhea the incidence of triploidy is estimated at 1/250,000 cases. We present 4 cases of triploidy diagnosed during the decade 2003-2013 in the Prenatal Diagnosis Department of Maternity “Cuza-Vodă” Iasi, Romania, all registered in one year. The analysis of pathological cases identified in the last 11 years by prenatal diagnosis has shown that triploidies represented only 5.7% of numeric chromosomal anomalies, but in 2013 the four cases of triploidy represented 36% of numeric chromosomal anomalies. The karyotypes were recommended after discovering different congenital anomalies by ultrasound scan. In all cases, an intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was present but with no placental changes. Also, we discovered anomalies of limbs, congenital anomalies of heart and some dysmorphic features. This series demonstrates that triploidy may be discovered in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy and has a heterogeneous aspect at ultrasound scan, which can generate diagnostic difficulties. Therefore, the detection by ultrasound scan, at 18-22 weeks of pregnancy, of complex foetal morphological abnormalities should be an important reason for amniocentesis to search chromosomal anomalies
AGT A-20C (rs5050) gene polymorphism and ulcer occurrence in patients treated with low-dose aspirin: a case-control study / Polimorfismul AGT A-20C și ulcerele gastro-duodenale la pacienții sub tratament cu aspirină în doze antiagregante: studiu caz-control
Authors: Negovan Anca , Voidăzan Septimiu , Pantea Monica , Moldovan Valeriu , Bataga Simona , Cozlea Laurentiu , Mocan Simona , Banescu Claudia
Published: June 2015

Genetic factors may play a role in prediction of gastrointestinal side effects of aspirin, one of the most used drugs worldwide. We aim to determine a possible correlation between AGT A-20C (rs5050) gene polymorphism and gastro-duodenal ulcer in patients taking low-dose aspirin, adjusted for clinical and histological characteristics.

Results. We enrolled 211 patients stratified according to AGT A-20C genotype: 122 AA, 83 AC and 6 CC patients. There were no significant differences regarding demographical and clinical parameters, except for the frequency of ulcers (4%, 8.4% respective 50%, p=0.03), endoscopic bleeding signs (12.3%, 14.5% respective 50%, p=0.0001) and the frequency of gastritis in biopsy (63.9%, 54.2% respective 16.7%, p=0.03) in genotype groups. When we compared ulcer and non-ulcer group, variant homozygous CC genotype carried an increased risk for ulcer (OR:9.66, 95% CI: 1.46-63.7, p=0.04) than AA group, as well as variant C allele compared with normal A allele (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.07-4.63, p=0.04). On multivariate analysis, variant homozygous CC genotype AGT A-20C showed an OR: 12.32 (95% CI:1.40 -108.13, p=0.02) for ulcer, while H. pylori infection (OR:2.40, 95% CI:1.18 -6.54, p=0.04) and concurrent use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR:1.31, 95% CI:1.07 - 2.27, p=0.05) remained predictors for ulcer in aspirin consumers.

Conclusions. Variant C allele and variant homozygous CC genotype AGT A-20C, infection with H. pylori and NSAIDs co-treatment are risk factors for gastro-duodenal ulcer in low-dose aspirin consumers. The variant homozygous CC genotype AGT A-20C patients treated with LDA are more prone to have reactive gastropathy and bleeding ulcers in a population with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection
Particulate matter in indoor spaces: known facts and the knowledge gaps
Authors: Rogula-Kopiec Patrycja , Pastuszka Józef S. , Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta , Majewski Grzegorz
Published: June 2015

Particulate matter in indoor spaces: known facts and the knowledge gaps. As people spend most of the time in closed spaces (flats, workplaces, schools etc.), the indoor air has been researched for many years all over the world. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most often examined pollutants in the indoor and outdoor air. The following study presents the facts about PM in closed spaces and the most often taken actions. The least known aspects related to the indoor air pollution with PM are demonstrated. The indoor space of various service and office buildings/facilities (not related to production, i.e. offices, shops, beauty parlours, restaurant kitchens, restaurants, pubs etc.) seem to be an unrecognized area in the air pollution studies. Importantly, a great number of people work in such spaces all over the world and thus spend there a large part of their lives.
Mixed Vehicle Flow At Signalized Intersection: Markov Chain Analysis
Authors: Gertsbakh Ilya B.
Published: June 2015

We assume that a Poisson flow of vehicles arrives at isolated signalized intersection, and each vehicle, independently of others, represents a random number X of passenger car units (PCU’s). We analyze numerically the stationary distribution of the queue process {Zn}, where Zn is the number of PCU’s in a queue at the beginning of the n-th red phase, n → ∞. We approximate the number Yn
of PCU’s arriving during one red-green cycle by a two-parameter Negative Binomial Distribution (NBD). The well-known fact is that {Zn} follow an infinite-state Markov chain. We approximate its stationary distribution using a finite-state Markov chain. We show numerically that there is a strong dependence of the mean queue length E[Zn] in equilibrium on the input distribution of Yn
and, in particular, on the ”over dispersion” parameter γ= Var[Yn
]/E[Yn
]. For Poisson input, γ = 1. γ > 1 indicates presence of heavy-tailed input. In reality it means that a relatively large ”portion” of PCU’s, considerably exceeding the average, may arrive with high probability during one red-green cycle. Empirical formulas are presented for an accurate estimation of mean queue length as a function of load and g of the input flow. Using the Markov chain technique, we analyze the mean ”virtual” delay time for a car which always arrives at the beginning of the red phase.
The Variant Approach To The Optimization Of The Postal Transportation Network In The Conditions Of The Slovak Republic
Authors: Madleňák Radovan , Madleňáková Lucia , Štefunko Jozef
Published: June 2015

The optimizing process of the postal transportation network can be based on several variables and on different infrastructures. The most commonly used variables for optimization are time and distance. This article is focused on the comparison of the results of the optimization process based on the time and distance variables in the conditions of the Slovak national postal operator.

The different types of the underlying infrastructures (roads or railways) could be used for optimization based on the territory conditions. For the optimization, there has been used the p-median method, that describes the problem of locating P “facilities” relative to a set of “customers” in such a way that the sum of the shortest demand weighted distance between “customers” and “facilities” is minimized.

In the conclusion, the article authors will formulate the rule for selection of the best optimization variables for the postal transportation network optimization.
Tetrahedral boronates as basic catalysts in the aldol reaction
Authors: Müller Tobias , Djanashvili Kristina , Peters Joop A. , Arends Isabel W.C.E. , Hanefeld Ulf
Published: June 2015

β-Hydroxyketones are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis, which can be conveniently synthesized from ketones and aldehydes by aldol reactions. Unfortunately, these reactions often suffer from dehydration of the initially formed β-hydroxyketones. Previously, tetrahedral 3,5-difluorophenylborate was shown to be an efficient and selective catalyst for this reaction. The present investigation concerns the catalytic performance of phenyl borates with different substitution patterns in the aldol reaction. It appears that the dehydration reaction can be suppressed by selecting substituents and substituent positions with reduced electron withdrawing effects on the borate function. Optimal suppression of the dehydration of β-hydroxyketones was obtained for compounds corresponding to phenylboronic acids with a pK
a > 7. The reactions between benzaldehyde and butanone or 3-pentanone did not show diastereoselectivity, which suggests that the catalysts merely act as bases rather than as templates for the transition state of the aldol reaction. Sterically more demanding ketones were not converted.
The New Ethicist and the Old Bookkeeper: Isaak Dorner, Johann Quenstedt, and Modern Appropriations of Classical Protestantism
Authors: Purvis Zachary
Published: June 2015

This paper examines various nineteenth-century appropriations of classical Protestantism, the age of post-Reformation confessionalization and orthodoxy. I focus on an important source from the 1850s, namely Isaak AugustDorner’s famed essay on the problemof divine immutability. Though Karl Barth and others fixated on Dorner’s constructive arguments for God’s immutability in ethical and not metaphysical or essential terms, the role that Dorner assigned to the seventeenth-century Lutheran scholastic Johann Andreas Quenstedt remains neglected. I contextualize Dorner’s essay and stance toward classical Protestantism and argue that he rhetorically obfuscated Quenstedt’s discussion of the claim that God does not change. At the same time, his own interaction withQuenstedt belied his statements to the effect that the dogmatic works of the seventeenth century were outdated. Dorner’s essay thus serves as an insightful case study into the complex and myriad ways in which Protestant theologians of Europe’s revolutionary era viewed seventeenth- century Lutheran and Reformed sources both critically and constructively.
Erich Przywara on Sieg-Katholizismus, bolshevism, the Jews, Volk, Reich and the analogia entis in the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Peterson Paul Silas
Published: June 2015

While Erich Przywara’s philosophical theology, or theological philosophy, and especially his Analogia Entis (1932) has been the subject of some research, less is known about the broader cultural and political framework of his thought in the 1920s in the Weimar Republic and in the 1930s during the NS period. Here Przywara is presented in context of his unique religious, political and social milieu (for example, the turn from “cultural inferiority” to culture Catholicism). His writings on social, religious and political issues (for example, bolshevism), including his account of the analogia entis concept, are brought into relationship with his context and some of his contemporaries. Przywara’s reflections on the Reich are analyzed and his engagement with the popular Volk concept is also addressed in connection with his anti-Semitism.
Paul Sears and the Plowshare Advisory Committee
Authors: Cittadino Eugene
Published: June 2015

In the late 1950s Paul Sears, director of the nation’s first graduate program in conservation, was called upon to join a special committee of leading scientists and engineers to advise the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission on its Plowshare program. Project Plowshare, a creation of scientists at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory in California, was designed to utilize nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes, such as excavating harbors and canals, releasing mineral and gas deposits, generating electrical power, and producing radionuclides. The early focus of the Plowshare Advisory Committee was to assess the feasibility of Project Chariot, a planned experiment to use several nuclear detonations to excavate a harbor on the far northwest coast of Alaska, for which the Atomic Energy Commission, under some pressure from Alaska-based scientists, had funded a large number of preliminary environmental investigations. Despite resistance from some of the scientists, local Native American groups, and a number of individuals and organizations in the continental United States, the committee recommended going ahead with Project Chariot as well as with other Plowshare projects conceived on an even larger scale. Sears, best known for his Dust Bowl classic Deserts on the March and later for his suggestion that ecology is a subversive subject, would seem an unlikely supporter of such a program. This article explores his role on the advisory committee within the context of his life and work, and within the framework of the science-government relationship in the United States during the fifties and early sixties, before the environmental movement fully developed.
From Periphery to Center
Authors: Heinze Thomas , Hallonsten Olof , Heinecke Steffi
Published: June 2015

In its fifty-year history, the German national research laboratory DESY (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, German Electron Synchrotron) has undergone a gradual transformation from a single-mission particle physics laboratory to a multi-mission research center for accelerator physics, particle physics, and photon science. The last is an umbrella term for research using synchrotron radiation and, in later years, free-electron laser. Synchrotron radiation emerged initially as a peripheral part of the laboratory activities but grew to become a central experimental activity at DESY via a series of changes in the organizational, scientific, and infrastructural setup of the lab, and in its contextual scientific, political, and societal environment. This article chronicles the first sixteen years (1962–77) of the history of synchrotron radiation at DESY and its gradual transformation from peripheral and parasitic to a regular and recognized research program. The article complements previous writings on DESY history by focusing on synchrotron radiation, and it adds to the body of knowledge about the crucial renewal of Big Science laboratories toward the end of the twentieth century. This renewal culminated in the close-down of several particle physics machines in the early 2000s and their replacement by facilities dedicated to the study of the structure, properties, and dynamics of matter by the interaction with vacuum ultraviolet/X-ray photons. Therefore, this article contributes to the knowledge about the emergence and growth of synchrotron radiation as a laboratory resource, the understanding of processes of renewal in Big Science, and the general history of late-twentieth-century science.
Model Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan
Authors: Pertiwi Shinta Yuniana
Published: June 2015

Kemiskinan merupakan permasalahan bangsa yang memerlukan kebijakan dan program penanggulangan kemiskinan yang tepat dari pemerintah. Berbagai upaya konkrit yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan tersebut telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah, namun masih belum menampakkan hasil yang optimal, karena lebih berorientasi pada program sektoral. Penelitian ini akan difokuskan untuk menganalisis kebijakan Pemerintah dearah dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan dengan mengambil studi kasus di Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Perda Nomor 1 Tahun 2012 masih belum mampu mencapai tujuan pengentasan kemiskinan, karena disebabkan oleh faktor partisipasi dan apresiasi masyarakat yang kurang. Terkait dengan hal itu, maka model kebijakan penanggulangan kemiskinan di Sukoharjo yang relevan digunakan adalah menggunakan model bottom up yang lebih terpadu, terukur, sinergis, dan terencana dengan menggunakan strategi kebijakan secara makro dan mikro. Selain itu, Pemerintah perlu memberikan apresiasi dan sosialisasi adanya Perda Penanggulangan Kemiskinan demi kesejahteraan masyarakat Sukoharjo, perlu dilakukannya evaluasi dan pembinaan baik dari pemerintah dan masyarakat.

Poverty is the nation’s problems that require policy and poverty reduction programs right from the government. Various measures taken by the government to tackle poverty has been done by the government, but still has not figured optimal, because it is more oriented towards sectoral programs. This study will focus on analyzing policies at local government in poverty reduction by taking a case study in Sukoharjo, Central Java. The results showed that the presence of Regulation No. 1 year 2012 is still not able to achieve the goal of poverty reduction, due to the participation and appreciation factor less. Associated with it, then the model of poverty reduction policies in the relevant Sukoharjo used is to use a bottom-up model of a more integrated, scalable, synergistic, and planned to use the strategy of macro and micro policies. In addition, the Government needs to give appreciation and dissemination of their legislation for the welfare of society Poverty Sukoharjo, ne
Lymph Node Involvement In Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers - A Clinical Study at Specialities University Hospital of Rabat
Authors: Borki Rajae , Elayoubi Ali , Bencheikh Razika , Oujilal Abdelilah , Benbouzid Anass , Essakalli Leila
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Cervical lymph node involvement has a major impact on prognosis and treatment decisions in patients with upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and pattern of cervical lymph node (LN) metastases in cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract

Methods: This prospective study was conducted by the Department of ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery at Specialities University Hospital of Rabat, collecting data between October 2009 and December 2011. Lymph nodes were counted, clinically and radiologically localized, excised, then studied histologically.

Results: During this period, 106 patients have been treated surgically with a recent diagnosis of UADT cancer. The average age of our patients was 55±13.3 years, while male/female ratio was 3.5 to 1. More than half of our patients were operated with cancer of the larynx (58.5%, n=62); 27.4% (n=29) of patients suffered from oral cavity cancer and 14.2% (n=15) had cancer of the hypopharinx. Cervical lymph node invasion was estimated at 31.2% clinically, and 38.7% radiologically and histologically, distributed in different sites.

Although the percentage of the invasion is almost similar clinically, radiologically and histologically, the high number of false positives and true negatives according to clinical and radiological exams confirms that specificity and sensitivity of these two exams is still poor compared to histology.

Conclusion: Thus, cervical metastases have to be diagnosed histologically. Moreover, the low percentage of lymph node invasions in the case of a UADT cancer suggests that the use of sentinel lymph node technique could be important, as it has been validated for small T1T2N0 tumors in the oral cavity. Further studies are needed to confirm its validity in case of other UADT tumor types
Gender and educational level modify the relationship between workplace mistreatment and health problems: a comparison between South Korea and EU countries
Authors: Yoo Minsang , Lee Saerom , Kang Mo‐Yeol
Published: June 2015

Gender and educational level modify the relationship between workplace mistreatment and health problems: a comparison between South Korea and EU countries: Minsang Yoo, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea

Objective

This study investigated effects of workers’ cultural and personal characteristics on the relationship between workplace mistreatment and health problems in both South Korea and EU Countries.

Methods

Data were obtained from nationally representative interview surveys: the third Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) in 2011 (50,032 participants) and fifth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) in 2010 (41,302 participants). The Pressure‐State‐Response model was adapted to explore differences in the relationship between mistreatment and health problems according to country, and logistic regression analysis was used after stratification of moderating factors. Workplace mistreatment, such as discrimination, violence, harassment, and self‐reported health problems, were assessed by gender and educational level.

Results

Among KWCS participants, there were 4,321 victims (14.70%) of workplace mistreatment; among EWCS participants, there were 5,927 victims (17.89%). There was a significant positive association between workplace mistreatment and self‐reported health problems. A stronger association was found among workers with higher educational levels in Korea (2‐ to 4‐fold higher odds for mental and physical health problems), but there was no significant difference by education level in workers of EU Countries. Female Koreans who worked alone had a higher risk of health problems related to workplace mistreatment than other gender compositions in the workplace (the OR for psychological symptoms reached 6.631). In contrast, the gender composition of the workplace did not significantly affect EU workers.

Conclusions

Workplace mistreatment is significantly associated with physical and mental health problems, especially among workers with higher educational levels and females who work alone in Korea.
CRÍTICA DEL CONCEPTO DE EXERGÍA
Authors: Mora Casal René Alejandro
Published: June 2015

La exergía es un concepto que, desde su invención hace sesenta años, ha ido ganando popularidad y extendiéndose más allá de las aplicaciones de Ingeniería.  Sin embargo, un estudio a profundidad del concepto revela la existencia de problemas e inconsistencias, tanto de tipo teórico como de aplicación.  En este artículo se discuten seis problemas identificados: notación ambigua, estados de referencia ambiguos, aplicabilidad a procesos reales, redundancia con respecto a otras propiedades termodinámicas, inconstencia entre los conceptos de exergía y de trabajo perdido, y la aplicabilidad de los resultados del análisis exergético.  Se proponen posibles caminos de solución para estos problemas, siendo el quinto el de más difícil solución porque requiere redefinir qué es la exergía.
Familiäres Auftreten der Dermatomyositis bei Working Kelpies
Authors: Rüfenacht S. , Welle M. M. , Thom N. , Röthig A.
Published: June 2015

Acht eng verwandte Mitglieder einer Linie von Working Kelpies zeigten Symptome einer Dermatomyositis in Form von Alopezie, Krusten, Ulzerationen der Haut, Depigmentation von Nasenspiegel und Lefzen, Onychodystrophie und Muskelatrophie, vor allem der Kaumuskeln. Die Symptome waren bei den betroffenen Tieren unterschiedlich stark oder nur teilweise ausgeprägt. Die klinische Diagnose wurde bei drei Hunden durch histologische Untersuchung von Hautbioptaten, nicht jedoch Muskelbioptaten bestätigt. Therapeutisch kamen verschiedene immunmodulatorische Medikamente (Steroide, Ciclosporin, Mycophenolat-Mofetil, Pentoxifyllin, Doxycylin/Niacinamid, Omega-3-Fettsäuren, Vitamin E) mit unterschiedlichem Erfolg zum Einsatz. Bei der Dermatomyositis handelt es sich um eine immunvermittelte Erkrankung mit genetischem Hintergrund bei Mensch und Hund. Die verantwortlichen Gene sind weitgehend unbekannt. Für die Hunderassen Collie und Shetland Sheepdog besteht eine Prädisposition. Zudem wird eine familiäre Häufung beim Beauceron beschrieben. Da die Rasse Working Kelpie im 19. Jahrhundert aus schottischen Hunden des Collie-Typs entstanden ist, wäre eine genetische Prädisposition für die Dermatomyositis erklärbar.
THE MODERN CONCEPTIONS ABOUT IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF INFECTION CAUSED BY THE EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS
Authors: Goreiko T. V. , Kalinina N. M. , Drygina L. V.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The current review summarizes modern data about structural and functional organization of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and stages of its reproduction. The information concerning immune pathogenesis and clinical features of infection caused by EBV and EBV-associated diseases is presented in the article.
OPPORTUNICTIC ENTEROBACTERIACAE AS THE CAUSE OF THE ACUTE DIARRHEA AND GUT DISBIOSIS
Authors: Egorova S. A. , Makarova M. A. , Kaftyreva L. A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Strains of Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from faces were studied to detect virulence factors of “classical” enteric pathogens causing acute diarrhea (Shigella, Salmonella, diarreagenic Escherichia coli). We haven’t detect in Klebsiella the genes encode different virulence factors: the abilities to adherence (sfa, afa, aaf/1, eae), invasion (ipaH, ial), production of heat-lable toxins (elt, LT II), heat-stable toxins (st1, st2) and Shiga toxins (stx1, stx2). Klebsiella spp. is well-known pathogen of the opportunistic infections of urinary tract, blood, wound, respiratory tract. But this bacteria hasn’t virulence factors of diarreagenic Enterobacteriaceae and can’t cause acute diarrhea and other gut pathology.
CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES IN THE BLOOD PLASMA OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: Sysoev K. A. , Chukhlovin A. V. , Shakhmanov D. M. , Zhdanov K. V. , Totolian Areg A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) remains to be determined. Mechanisms of liver parenchyma damage in patients with CHC are complex and different. Cytokines play the role of intermediaries in the process of fibrosis development and chronic inflammation. In the present study levels of 27 cytokines in the blood plasma of 14 patients with CHC were tested using multiplex analysis. The liver biopsy was performed in all patients to define the activity of inflammation (histological activity index) and the degree of fibrosis. Nineteen samples of blood plasma obtained from healthy individuals were served as a control group in this study. The following cytokines were measured: IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, eotaxin, FGF-2, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFNγ, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, PDGF-BB, TNFα and VEGF. In patients with CHC elevated levels of plasma IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-7, IFNγ, IL-12 (p70), IL-4, IL-9, IL-8, IP-10, eotaxin, MCP-1, MIP-1β, TNFα, G-CSF and GM-CSF were found in compare with the control group. At the same time levels of FGF-2 and PDGF-BB were reduced in patients with CHC in compare with controls. Differences in the production of IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-7, IFNγ, IL-12 (p70), IL-4, IL-9, IL-8, IP-10, eotaxin, MCP-1, MIP-1β, TNFα, G-CSF and GM-CSF were depend on the genotype of HCV (3a or 1b), histological activity index in liver tissue and the degree of liver fibrosis. The revealed changes of cytokine production in patients with CHC characterize different orientation of regulatory violations confirming that CHC is an immunopathological process.
MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM AS AN ACTUAL PATHOGEN OF HUMAN MYCOBACTERIOSIS
Authors: Starkova D. A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Mycobacteriosis is an infectious disease of animals and humans caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacteria including M. avium complex. Despite the fact that the transmission of M. avium from human to human has not been proved, and mycobacteriosis has been sporadic, the number of cases of disseminated forms of disease caused by M. avium among HIV-positive patients during the last ten years was increasing. Limited knowledge about the structure of M. avium population in Russia and the lack of simple methods for the microbiological diagnosis make difficult the epidemiological monitoring of mycobacteriosis. This facilitates the use of modern, efficient molecular genetic methods for the species and subspecies identification and typing of M. avium. Thus, the detection of mobile element IS901, restriction fragment polymorphism analysis of hsp65 gene and IS1245 allow the detection and subspecies identification of M. avium. The study of genomic polymorphisms of bacterial strains for the assessment of M. avium population structure became feasible due to a complex of molecular techniques: VNTR-typing, IS1245-and IS1311-RFLP-typing.
THE IMMUNE STATUS AND IFN GENE POLYMORPHISM AS PROGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEPATITIS C TREATMENT IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Kovaleva E. S. , Gumilevsky B. Yu.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of immune status and IFN gene polymorphism in the prediction of the efficacy of chronic hepatitis C antiviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. Eighty HIV-infected patients with hepatitis C were recruited. Antiviral therapy included pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin. Flow cytometry was used to test the immune status; polymerase chain reaction method was used for the IFN gene polymorphisms determination. It was found the significant differences in the immune status and allelic variants combinations of the genes responsible for the formation of an adequate immune and antiviral responses in groups of patients with different response to treatment of hepatitis C. Herewith the effectiveness of hepatitis C treatment in HIV-infected patients is associated with the activation of T-cell immunity. Polymorphisms of interferon gene with other prognostic factors, make it possible to better define the disease prognosis and the treatment efficacy.
A NEW APPROACH TO BRUCELLOSIS ALLERGODIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Ponomarenko D. G. , Logvinenko O. V. , Sarkisian N. S. , Rakitinа C. L. , Golub O. G. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The new cytometric method for laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis in vitro conditions based on detection of hypersensitivity to Brucella has been developed. This test allows to differentiate vaccinal and infectious processes in case of chronic brucellosis, and to measure the level of patient sensibilization to Brucella. Thus, the test might be used to estimate intensity of post-vaccination immunity before re-immunization against brucellosis. Using of flow cytometry in the test excludes additional antigenic influence on human organism and allows to provide testing within 1 hour.
ETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND VACCINATION Part 3. Ethical principals of eradication of infectious diseases
Authors: Kubar O. I. , Bichurina M. A. , Romanenkova N. I. , Asatrian A. G.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The current article develops the conception of previous publications on ethical, legal and social aspects of the infectious diseases. Special aspect of this article is the fact, that in its frame the results of multidisciplinary analysis of the eradication of infectious disease (poliomyelitis) are presented for the first time. Such manysided investigation of the problem of the eradication of infectious disease was based on the complex use of bioethical, epidemiological, virological and socio-normative criteria that gave the opportunity to discover the ethical features and demonstrate the great value of ethical principals for the strategy of infectious diseases eradication.
THE FEATURES OF BLOOD IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS FORMS OF BRUCELLOSIS
Authors: Logvinenko O. V. , Rakitinа C. L. , Ponomarenko D. G. , Kostychenko M. V. , Sarkisian N. S. , Berdnikova T. V.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Results of current study have shown that acute brucellosis is characterized by increase of T-helper and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and decrease of phagocytic activity of neutrophyls in the blood. In patients with chronic form of disease the decline of T-helper and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes together with activation of humoral immunity and increasing of B-lymphocytes and levels of immunoglobulins A and G have been observed. Thus, revealed changes indicating the formation of secondary immunodeficiency in chronic disease course. Results of the study confirmed the needs for a permanent immunological monitoring of patients with brucellosis as well as conducting a comprehensive immunological testing of patients to develop the individual scheme of corrective therapy.
Impacto da ascensão chinesa sobre os países latino-americanos
Authors: MEDEIROS CARLOS AGUIAR DE , CINTRA MARIA RITA VITAL PAGANINI
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho faz uma revisão da expansão das relações econômicas entre a China e os países da América Latina na última década. O grande processo de urbanização chinesa foi o principal estímulo para as exportações de commodities desses países e a China tornou-se o maior mercado para exportação e grande fornecedor de produtos manufaturados para muitos dos países da América Latina , assim como também tem ampliado sua contribuição para investimento e crédito. Nesse processo de reestruturação da divisão internacional do trabalho consideramos dois efeitos diferentes, um "efeito de demanda" e um "efeito de estrutura" e iinvestigamos como a complementaridade e as pressões competitivas afetou o comércio dentro da região e nos países de acordo com seus diferentes padrões e estrutura produtiva.
The developmental state in Brazil: comparative and historical perspectives
Authors: SCHNEIDER BEN ROSS
Published: June 2015

The record of successful developmental states in East Asia and the partial successes of developmental states in Latin America suggest several common preconditions for effective state intervention including a Weberian bureaucracy, monitoring of implementation, reciprocity (subsidies in exchange for performance), and collaborative relations between government and business. Although Brazil failed to develop the high technology manufacturing industry and exports that have fueled sustained growth in East Asia, its developmental state had a number of important, and often neglected, successes, especially in steel, automobiles, mining, ethanol, and aircraft manufacturing. Where Brazil's developmental state was less successful was in promoting sectors like information technology and nuclear energy, as well as overall social and regional equality. In addition, some isolated initiatives by state governments were also effective in promoting particular local segments of industry and agriculture. Comparisons with East Asia, highlight the central role of state enterprises in Brazil that in effect internalized monitoring and reciprocity and bypassed collaboration between business and government (that was overall rarer in Brazil).
Global instability of currencies: reasons and perspectives according to the state-corporation hegemonic stability theory
Authors: STASZCZAK DARIUSZ ELIGIUSZ
Published: June 2015

This paper analyses reasons of the instability of the world monetary system. The author considers this problem from historical and contemporary perspectives. According to presented point of view banknotes and electronic money which replaced gold and silver coins in popular circulation are the most important reason of the instability. There are also proven positive and negative consequences of money instability. Reforms of the world monetary system need agreement within the global collective hegemony of state-powers and transnational corporations.
A revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva e o processo de institucionalização de um campo de conhecimentos e práticas
Authors: Nunes Everardo Duarte
Published: June 2015

Resumo O presente trabalho toma como ponto de partida as noções que conformam o processo de institucionalização de um campo do conhecimento nas seguintes fases: 1. Diferenciação de temas, métodos e técnicas de conhecimentos ou disciplinas já existentes; 2. O tema anteriormente considerado periférico passa a ser olhado como parte de um determinado campo de conhecimento; 3. O novo campo passa a ser significante no conjunto de uma área e inicia a padronização do recrutamento de recursos humanos, seleção de especialistas e de recursos financeiros; 4. Consolidação do novo campo, construindo sua cultura dentro da comunidade científica, com suas redes sociais de comunicação, associações científicas e publicações próprias. O objetivo central é analisar o papel da Revista Ciência e Saúde Coletiva no processo de institucionalização da Saúde Coletiva; situar a Saúde Coletiva e suas etapas; fazer um breve relato sobre a história das publicações científicas, ressaltando as brasileiras do campo da saúde pública/saúde coletiva; e trabalhar os momentos iniciais da Revista.
Memória de um movimento: a revista Saúde em Debate e a reforma sanitária brasileira
Authors: Amarante Paulo , Rizzotto Maria Lucia Frizon , Costa Ana Maria
Published: June 2015

Resumo Neste artigo apresentamos momentos significativos da trajetória da revista Saúde em Debate. Para isso utilizamos documentos, estudos históricos, números da revista, trabalhos acadêmicos e depoimentos de sanitaristas que contribuíram para a sua criação. Nesses 39 anos de existência, embora possam ter ocorrido variações na política editorial da revista, o papel de ser um meio de intercâmbio e debate do pensamento crítico sanitário e de alguma forma intervir no processo politico nacional, não se alterou. A revista consolidou-se como um veículo de comunicação científica, especialmente nas áreas da política e da gestão em saúde, ampliando o escopo temático ao longo do tempo. Entre os desafios da revista, além de sua manutenção financeira, está em tornar-se, também, um instrumento de difusão do pensamento latinaomericano do campo da saúde.
A Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia: 18 anos de contribuição à difusão de conhecimentos
Authors: Almeida Márcia Furquim de , Goldbaum Moisés , Carvalheiro José da Rocha
Published: June 2015

Resumo A Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia está completando 18 anos como veículo da comunidade da Saúde na difusão de conhecimentos, tanto na perspectiva teórica quanto na analise da realidade sanitária, bem como no exercício da prática em serviços de saúde. Afinada com o conjunto de disciplinas do campo da Saúde Coletiva, as suas origens e concepções atendem aos movimentos do setor sanitário e seguem as áreas de atuação propostas nos “Planos Diretores para o Desenvolvimento da Epidemiologia no Brasil”. Tem apresentado ao longo do tempo demanda crescente para publicação de artigos, fato que tem favorecido seu crescente fator de impacto. A RBE adotou como política editorial disseminar sua produção de forma bilíngue, com o objetivo de proporcionar maior visibilidade internacional e atender, igualmente, os pesquisadores e os profissionais da área. Como os demais periódicos científicos nacionais, ressente-se da ausência de política nacional de ciência e tecnologia em um apoio mais efetivo visando a garantir a sua sustentabilidade. Como perspectiva futura, espera-se alcançar maior repercussão da revista nos meios acadêmicos, junto aos profissionais dos serviços de saúde e, não menos importante, altos impactos junto à sociedade em geral.
Determinantes do envelhecimento ativo segundo a qualidade de vida e gênero
Authors: Campos Ana Cristina Viana , Ferreira Efigenia Ferreira e , Vargas Andréa Maria Duarte
Published: June 2015

Resumo Os objetivos deste estudo foram construir um indicador de envelhecimento ativo e testar sua associação com qualidade de vida e possíveis determinantes segundo gênero. O estudo AGEQOL (Aging, Gender and Quality of Life) entrevistou 2052 indivíduos com 60 anos e mais de idade residentes em Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil. A associação entre envelhecimento ativo, qualidade de vida e possíveis determinantes foi realizada por meio da regressão logística múltipla, com nível de 5% de significância estatística, separadamente para cada gênero. A maioria dos homens pertenceu ao grupo com envelhecimento ativo (58,0%), enquanto 51,8% das mulheres foram alocadas no grupo com envelhecimento normal (p < 0,001). A qualidade de vida nos domínios Físico, Psicológico e Escore total mantiveram-se associada ao desfecho no modelo final para ambos os gêneros. Entre os homens, os fatores comportamentais e participação comunitária foram preditores positivos para envelhecimento ativo. Mulheres com maior renda, que não sofreram quedas e com participação comunitária tiveram maior chance de pertencer ao grupo com envelhecimento ativo. Conclui-se que qualidade de vida e a participação em grupos são os principais determinantes de envelhecimento ativo, e que os demais fatores determinantes associados são diferentes para cada gênero.
Eventos estressores na família e indicativos de problemas de saúde mental em crianças com idade escolar
Authors: Matos Mariana Bonati de , Cruz Ana Catarina Nova , Dumith Samuel de Carvalho , Dias Natália da Costa , Carret Renata Bonati Peters , Quevedo Luciana de Avila
Published: June 2015

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a relação entre eventos estressores ocorridos no último ano na família de crianças e adolescentes com indicativos de problemas de saúde mental em uma amostra de estudantes de duas escolas de uma cidade no sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal com 1.075 estudantes matriculados em duas escolas públicas de ensino fundamental (uma estadual e outra municipal). Foi utilizado o Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire para avaliação de fatores emocionais e comportamentais da criança, e a Escala de Avaliação de Reajustamento Social de Holmes e Rahe (1967) para avaliar os eventos estressores. Foram utilizados o teste qui-quadrado e a regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto para variância, expressando os resultados em razão de prevalências (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95%. As chances de apresentar problemas de hiperatividade foram 1,42 (IC 95% 1,10-1,83) vezes maiores no tercil intermediário e 1,37 (IC 95% 1,06-1,78) no tercil superior, quando comparados ao tercil inferior. Quanto aos problemas de relacionamento, as chances foram de 1,49 (IC 95% 1,15-1,93) vezes maiores no tercil superior ao serem comparados com o tercil inferior. Os resultados sugerem que fatores ambientais podem ser fortemente relacionados à etiologia dos transtornos mentais na infância e adolescência.
Utilização de preservativo masculino entre adolescentes de escolas públicas na cidade de Uberaba (MG), Brasil: conhecimentos e atitudes
Authors: Valim Edna Maria Alves , Dias Flavia Aparecida , Simon Cristiane Paulin , Almeida Débora Vieira de , Rodrigues Maria Laura Pinto
Published: June 2015

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo objetivou identificar conhecimentos sobre DST, atitudes autorreferidas por adolescentes relacionadas à prática sexual e verificar fatores associados a não utilização de preservativo masculino. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com 1.820 adolescentes de escolas públicas da cidade de Uberaba (MG), nos anos de 2005 e 2006. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos adolescentes era do sexo masculino, conversavam sobre sexo, referiram não ter apresentado DSTs, consideravam que o preservativo masculino evitava DSTs e informaram utilizar preservativo. Fatores relacionados ao não uso do preservativo foram ser do sexo feminino, acreditar que o preservativo não evita DST, ser inconveniente e ter parceiro fixo. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos adolescentes possui informações suficientes sobre DST e adotam comportamentos responsáveis em relação a sua saúde e a do parceiro, porém é fundamental adotar ações continuadas para todos perceberem a importância da prevenção.
Gonad development and reproduction of the ballyhoo half beak, Hemiramphus brasiliensis from the coastal waters of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira MR. , Silva NB. , Yamamoto ME. , Chellappa S.
Published: June 2015

The gonad development and reproductive aspects of Hemiramphus brasiliensis from the coastal waters of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil were verified. This paper presents data on the length-weight relationship, sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity, gonad development, reproductive period and fecundity of H. brasiliensis. Females of this species predominated in the sampled population and were larger in size than the males. The length at the first sexual maturation of males was 20.8 cm and that of females was 21.5 cm. The macroscopic characteristics of the gonads indicated four maturation stages. Histological studies of gonads of H. brasiliensis showed six phases of oocyte development and four phases of spermatocyte development. The batch fecundity of this species is 1153 (±258.22) oocytes for 50 g body weight of female. The microscopic characteristics of gonad development indicate that H. brasiliensis is a multiple spawner, with active reproductive period during the months of January to June and October. The reproductive period of this species is independent of the rainy period of the region.