bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Integrative Organization among Urban Waterfront Elements
Authors: Yang Chun Xia
Published: December 2013

A lot of the elements work in the urban waterfront. However each element effects separately and the developing models are often monotony. The restriction of zoning and the subdivision of specialties may cause the problems. This paper points out that the integrative organization among elements is necessary in waterfronts developments, the moderate opening-up of control and the organic integration of urban design is the main approach to solve the problem. The paper also try to provide some specific measures.
Chinese Green Environment Policy: Theory and Practice
Authors: Qian Xu Ming
Published: December 2013

The serious problems such as environmental pollution, and lack of resources, which makes Chinese government to change the paradigm of its economic policy. This paper will analyze change of Chinese green policy during last 20 years of rapid economy growth and then again analyze current design of green policy to understand future Chinese way of green growth.
Analysis of Determinants on Chinas Interprovincial Migration during 1985-2005
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Hui , Tang Qing
Published: December 2013

This paper tries to identify the characters which might affect interprovincial migrants decisions and examine how and why the influence of these characters changes over time individually and synthetically in China during 1985-2005. We have investigated six kinds of factors, including distance, population density, income, unemployment rate, house price, and migration stock. In addition, we apply the identified factors with a multiple stepwise regression model to a longitudinal dataset, which consists of the interprovincial migration flows over last two decades in China. It is found that different factors have disparate impacts on migration in China, and they can be decomposed into push force in origin area and pull force in destination area. Factors shaping Chinas interprovincial migration have shifted from traditional factors such as distance to economic factors such as income and unemployment rate. This paper suggests that more attention should be paid to obtain detailed migration data with spatial information and develop applicable models for migration processes. Our analysis provides references for development planners and policy-makers to develop sound population policies to achieve regional sustainable development in China.
Study on Rural Labor Transfer in Resource-Abundant Region - A Case Study on Four Counties in the Northern Shaanxi
Authors: Zhao Er Kui , Chen Li Yan
Published: December 2013

Owning to the restrictions from the lack of professional skills and objective factors, rural labor force in resource-abundant region mainly transfers to the local industries with low demands on employment, such as the energy industry and service industry. According to the empirical study, the transfer of rural labor force in resource-abundant region is mainly influenced by such factors as the wage income, transfer cost, educational level and professional skill, and in order to solve the problems concerning rural labor transfer, it can promote the labor force transfer properly through perfecting the labor market, establishing comprehensive community, strengthening the vocational-technical education and developing new industries.
Migration Reasons of Ecological Immigrations - A Case Study in Tibetville Village of Qinghai Province
Authors: Sui Yi , Shao Jun Chen
Published: December 2013

Till now, ecological immigrations in Three Rivers District in Tibetville Village of Qinghai province have achieved a great progress; however, there are some issues we should pay attention to. This paper tries to adopt the Push and Pull Theory to analysis the factors of their migration; meanwhile, because of the special dimensions of minorities in the northwest region, the anti push and pull factors and the reasons of their move back will be combined together. The conclusion is that to set up reasonable and useful compensation mechanism is very crucial for ecological immigrations.
Ecological Optimization of the Architectural Environment of Higher Education Institutions in Moscow - The Use of Phyto-Metal Structures
Authors: Popov Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2013

There is an important topic of environmental protection optimization of higher education complexes. The relevance of this article is not in doubt because nowadays, environmental issues in urban environment of Moscow have special urgency. The author has conducted solid efforts and has proposed interesting solutions for a significant improvement of related area.
The Evaluation Research on the Rural Infrastructure Construction of Shaanxi Based on Grey-AHP
Authors: Yin Sheng Xing , Li Hui Ming , Wang Ao Jun , Sha Meng
Published: December 2013

The evaluation of the rural infrastructure construction is the premise and foundation of its decision-making. In order to promote the integration and common prosperity of urban and rural development, gradually narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, and improve the efficiency of the new socialist rural infrastructure construction, this paper analyzed the characteristics of rural infrastructure construction of Shaanxi province based on a large number of visiting to research and classified the rural infrastructure construction of Shaanxi. In the end of the paper, it proposed the Gray-AHP evaluation methods of rural infrastructure construction ,which will play a guiding role for rural infrastructure construction of Shaanxi province in future.
Establishing the Good Environment and Building a Famous Tourist City
Authors: Han Su , Han Xiao Feng
Published: December 2013

It is known to a lot of people that the great superiority of Tai’an lies in Mount Tai which is very famous both in China and in the world. Every year it attracts a great number of tourists all over the world, which helps to develop Tai’an’s economy. So Tai’an Municipal Party Committee and Tai’an Municipal Government have put forward the developing objective of “building great Mount Tai, opening up a big market, developing great tourism and constructing great business[1].” As we know, environmental protection and construction are also very important for the tourist, economic and social development [2]. In this paper, combined with the reality of Tai’an City, the authors analyze the existing problems of its development and put forward many concrete suggestions which will be helpful to realize the above objective.
Study on the Assessment of the Serving State of the Critical Equipment of Urban Transit Station
Authors: Yin Ting Ting , Guan Wei
Published: December 2013

This article discusses the purpose and importance of the assessment on the serving state of the critical equipment of Urban Transit Station primarily. According to the complexity, reliability, control system, working mode and the way passengers effect on of different equipment, this article chooses escalator, shielded gate and AFC by the importance to analyze comprehensively the factors that effect on the critical equipment of urban transit station to come up with the assessing index that can be measured, statistically analyzed, calculated to establish relevant index system of the safety assessment on the critical equipment of urban transit station. This article also introduces the theoretical foundation and assessment procedure of DHGF method, and gives a case to conduct example verification.
Conservation of Agriculture Landscape through Greenway Planning and Design: A Case Study of the Wax Gourd Production Base of Xiaolou Town, Zengcheng (Guangdong)
Authors: Wu Juan Yu
Published: December 2013

Major approaches to greenway planning and design were reviewed and compared. The framework incorporated ecological knowledge related also to the planning and design process. This study has introduced a procedure to facilitate the protection and development of farmland areas. It provides a systematic procedure for facilitating the protection, ecological enhancement, and linkage of present and potential natural areas in farmland region. The framework of the agricultural greenway, has been described in detail and applied to the Wax Gourd Production Base in Xiaolou Town, Zengcheng (Guangdong, China). The framework is not case-specific and its main value is to provide an integrated approach to the ecological planning and design of the agricultural greenways.
Research on Optimization of Feeder Bus Network Joint for Urban Rail Transit
Authors: Wei Ping Hong , Xiong Jie , Zhang Meng Hao
Published: December 2013

The feeder bus network design problem is researched in this paper, aiming at connecting with the urban rail transit as well as possible. In solving the problem, a set of process in locating feeder bus routes is presented first, and then an optimization model of determining feeder bus network is established. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used in solving the problem and it is implemented in VC++ language. Finally, a case study is presented based on the existing rail transit line 3 in Dalian, with optimized the feeder bus routes obtained. The result also shows that the model and the algorithm are feasible in solving the problem.
Route Optimization for Hazardous Chemicals Transportation
Authors: Han Xiao Gang , Fan Ti Jun , Li Shu Xia
Published: December 2013

Compared with traditional transportation focusing on how to minimize the transportation cost, hazardous chemicals transportation also needs to pay attention to how to minimize transportation risk. As the cost of risk is uncontrollable, it is urgent for people to consider the transportation strategy based on optimizing cost of risk. Based on the model of population exposure as well as the two factors of accident consequence and population density, the article has established the evaluation model on hazardous chemicals transportation risk. In order to minimize the cost of transportation, we shows an optimization algorithm based on Dijkstra algorithm to solve the risk-cost of hazardous chemicals transportation, from which we found that supervisor could decrease the transportation risk by setting corporate unit transportation risk-cost. Therefore, it has been proved that the model and solution algorithm are correct through the example.
A Review of Optimization Scheduling and New Research Focuses of Logistics
Authors: Xiao Mei , Zhang Zhen Rong , Ge Zhi Hui
Published: December 2013

we have presented the main optimization scheduling issues in logistics, including the vehicle scheduling problem (VSP), the goods loading problem, the location problem, the stochastic loader problem and the logistics enterprise transportation cost problem. Some new research focuses such as third party logistics (TPL), cloud logistics and cold-chain logistics have also been discussed.
Airline Operation Risk Supervision Based on DS Theory
Authors: Lai Xin
Published: December 2013

This papers deals with the study of airline operation risk supervision. Based on Dempster Shafer evidence fusion theory and the factors influencing airline operation, a new method for airline operation risk supervision is proposed. The new method can fuse fuzzy and uncertain information which is formed by the traditional way which focus on several experts personal assessments. The evaluation results will be more objective than traditional way. An example is given to verify the proposed method.
DEA-Nadaraya-Watson Two-Stage Method and Urban Transit Service Efficiency Evaluation Based on Nonparametric Regression Technique
Authors: Deng Jin
Published: December 2013

In view of the problem of DEA-Tobit Two-stage method, nonparametric regression technique was applied in the second stage. By this way, the proposed method could guarantee the consistency hypothesis at both stages.And empirical analyses were carried on based on the actual transit operation datain China.The Nadaraya-Watson non-parametric regressiondemonstrates thatfiscal subsidy has a promoting effect on bus service efficiency.Furthermore, transit service efficiencydecreases withthe increase ofpopulation density andmotor vehicle ownership. In addition, the analysis also suggests that there is no clear correlation between the transit service efficiency and the travelleddistance factor.
Discussion on the New Technologies of Beijing Rail Transit Line No. 6
Authors: Yang Ru , Liu Hai Dong , Li Dan
Published: December 2013

Beijing subway Line 6 is a rail transit backbone line that ran through the city from east to west, which plays a critical role in easing the huge traffic pressure of the center of Beijing. The paper analyzed the improvements of Beijing subway Line 6 compared with other existing lines: Overhead contact line was first used in Beijing subway lines, which can improve the speed, capacity and energy efficiency; The first across-platform interchange and transfer channel in the form of one-way loop was adopted to increase the transfer efficiency. In addition, the paper discussed the passenger flow attraction of Line 6 and proved that Line 6 can share part of the passenger flow of Line 1, which is useful to relieve traffic pressure. The success of Line 6 is of certain reference value for the line location and the station facilities design.
Model Test for Dynamic Moisture of Roadbed in Northwest Regions
Authors: Huang Xiang Jia , Yan E Chuan
Published: December 2013

It rains rarely in the northwest of arid and semi-arid regions. The roadbed is not saturated and the internal moisture changes dynamically. The moisture content of the roadbed has a great influence on the roadbed strength significantly. The roadbed moisture status is the key factor to design and evaluate the bearing capacity of the subgrade bed. Model test in the research was used in the research. The self-developed subgrade bed dynamic moisture model test is introduced. The precipitation intensity, the rain interval, the subgrade bed compaction and other factors on the impact of moisture were considered. Studies have shown that embankment slope measuring point reaches saturation after the precipitation firstly. The roadbed internal parts and the downwards parts are followed then. The water content of each measuring point rises firstly and then shows a stable trend. The subgrade bed moisture lags seriously. It does not change for a long time after raining. And with the changing, it would not restore to normal level in a long time. The slope permeability coefficient and permeability coefficient of silty clay was got, which is useful for engineering applications and numerical experiments.
Policies of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction for the Thermal Power Enterprises in China
Authors: Cui Shu Yin , Li Jiang Lin
Published: December 2013

Thermal power enterprises are not only a major energy consumer, but also a significant emission source of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Due to the imbalance between costs and benefits, thermal power enterprises in China are not very active in energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a market mechanism and enact more incentive policies related to energy conservation and emission reduction for the thermal power enterprises. The paper summarizes the policies for energy conservation and emission reduction in the thermal power enterprises. Also, based on a few leading indicators, the paper analyzes the progress that China has made during the 11th Five-Year-Plan period. Finally, some suggestions for future work are provided.
Smart Grid Innovation Strategy for Low-Carbon City Administration
Authors: Lo Fa Sain , Sun Tao
Published: December 2013

Governments and scientists are concerned about the negative impacts of climate change on humanity in the foreseeable future, especially for the city sustainable development. Smart Grid is an important infrastructure service for developing the energy efficiency and low carbon society. The reliability and efficiency of our electrical grid can be enhanced by implementing smart grid technology; however this would require modifications to the current electrical system. The objective of this paper is to find out the innovation strategy for future smart grid by investigate, analyze and evaluate the related technologies and competitive information of different nations and industries. We presented the key information about smart grid development in the world. We also proposed four practical smart grid innovation strategies and innovation model for smart-green city policy making, construction and administration.
The Cultural and Environmental Resources for Sustainable Development of Rural Areas in Economically Disadvantaged Contexts - Economic-Appraisals Issues of a Model of Management for the Valorisation of Public Assets
Authors: Calabrò Francesco , Della Spina Lucia
Published: December 2013

Available resources to public policies are always limited: those intended for culture, too often considered non-essential to the development of the community, they are often essential in particular way. Ignoring the economic value of cultural resources, their conservation, costs and total benefits of cultural policies and investment projects with a strong cultural component, can lead to non-optimal allocation of resources, to degradation of cultural capital and to failure to exploit opportunities for development.Another important aspect is the use of resources for the physical recovery and reuse of assets, without adequate attention to the phase of management: too often you find yourself with assets recovered but unused due to the lack of resources for management. A method tested recently is the involvement of private companies in these activities: in economically stronger and more advanced realities, the size of the most significant tourist flows allows to reach levels of return on investment and so makes this a feasible solution.Cultural resources in the rural settings of the most economically disadvantaged areas are characterized by a not elevated number of visitors not spread in the same way throughout the whole year: in these conditions, because of their different costs structures, a company may not have sufficient profit margins, but a private non-profit organizations can achieve a balanced budget that allows the usability of assets of fundamental importance into development strategies based on cultural tourism.This paper focuses on the main economic appraisal aspects and illustrates a management model, economically sustainable, for the tourist value of cultural and environmental resources, particularly suitable to be applied in rural contexts and in economically disadvantaged realities; the analyzed case study is indeed located in Gerace, ionic inland town of Calabria, region of southern Italy.
Disputes between the State-Owned Enery Enterprise and Farmers - Analysis in the Perspective of Sociology of Law
Authors: Yuan Wen Han , Qian Qing Gao
Published: December 2013

In recent years, with the gradual establishment of the socialist legal system in China, the construction of legal system is tending toward perfection. But the actual operating effects of law enforcement are relatively not ideal. Social group disputes occurred frequently. In this paper, three typical litigation disputes between the state-owned coal enterprises and farmers caused by coal mining are taken as examples to elaborate the concrete practice process of the law in the litigation disputes. In order to explain the inner logic of legal practice in specific disputes, the external conditions, the internal mechanism and deep motivation in the disputes which influenced the legal practice process are analyzed. Finally its concluded that the consideration of legal effect and political power operation determines legal judgments in these litigation disputes, furthermore, explains legal practice process in specific disputes.
Framework Planning of a Provincial Information Management Platform for Energy Resource Analysis and Forecast Based on Diversified Data Acquisition
Authors: Ma Lei , Cao Shou Jun , He Jian Feng
Published: December 2013

The information system with function of data acquisition and processing could be an essential foundation of decision making and planning for government on energy resource management in China. However, some existing barriers have impeded the usage of data, such as inefficiency mode of data reporting and transmission, sluggishness of data collection and summarization, deficiency of data standardization and serious information asymmetry. In this paper, a framework planning of an info management platform in provincial level is proposed for energy resource condition analysis and prediction. The various types of data from industries of electrical power, coal, petroleum and others such as bio-gas is acquired and analyzed based on certain data processing methods. And the related systems of statistic index, early warning index, monitoring index and unit GDP energy consumption statistic index and evaluation are established. The proposed platform can support info service to government or related department, help keep the balance and stabilization of energy supply.
The Analysis of Innovation Policies of the Energy Service Industries in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Wen Chin , Chen Tsair Rong
Published: December 2013

This paper reports on a strategic analysis of the development of Energy Service Companies. A policy model is used to assess the strategic positioning entailing a two-dimensional analysis, containing ESCO industry’s strategy objective and poilicy objective. By this way, we could find in different segmentation there will have different industrail innovation requirements. Finally, we could give different strategies for Taiwan.
Interpretive Structural Model of the International Regional Energy Cooperation
Authors: Shen Ying , Xue Yang , Guo Xiao Li
Published: December 2013

International regional energy cooperation is a complex system characterized by subject diversification, relationship complexity, and structural layering. This cooperation consists of the complementary resource system, market function system, and external environment system. We establish a structure model of the international regional energy cooperation by using structural principle and interpretive structural modeling. In the model, 38 elements were distributed across seven layers. The seven layers to which the elements were distributed included the key problem in the study of international regional energy cooperation. Four relation-chains surround the core elements and the external environment. The elements in each relation-chain interact with one another and behave in a coordinated manner. These findings provide the important basis for the stability of the mechanism of the international regional energy cooperation.
Operating Efficiency Analysis of Energy Industries in Taiwan
Authors: Ueasin Nattanin , Wongchai Anupong
Published: December 2013

The energy business has played an important role in an economic growth of Taiwan because the market share is in the high value that can make a significant contribution towards regional and local employment. However, Taiwan is lack of energy resources, making the country highly relies on an import for more than 98 percent of its all energy. At present, a top priority of the countrys policy is to develop clean, sustainable, independent, and efficient energy in order to eliminate the vulnerability from external disruption. Therefore, this research aims to assess the operating efficiency and to analyze factors affecting the efficiency scores of the registered energy companies in the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE) recorded during 2003-2012. The super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (SE-DEA) was initially applied to reveal the additional efficiency scores, followed by the Tobit regression model used to analyze what factors determine the efficiency scores. The empirical results showed that seven DMUs performed efficiently, ranking from 7.29 to 1.02. The company with the best operating performance was Taiwan Cogeneration Corporation (TCC), while the Great Taipei Gas Corporation (GTG) revealed the worst efficiency score. Furthermore, the Tobit regression model explained that the higher number of the local employees, the greater the efficiency scores were. Besides, the lower number of the shareholders, the greater the efficiency scores were. As a result, the Taiwans government is supposed to encourage all energy companies to have a higher number of local employees and shareholders to increase their efficiency scores.
Principal Points for Promoting the Sustainable Development in the Mountain Regions of China: Taking Fujian Province as an Example
Authors: Zhu Peng Yi
Published: December 2013

Case study of Fujian province is used to illustrate the problems of undeveloped economic , the urban and rural disparities, economic development clash with resources and environment, less capacity of independent innovation in the mountain regions of China from the view of the sustainable development. There are a lot of difficulties in solving these problems. Based on the regional condition, the ways to promote the sustainable development are analyzed from four principal points, including prospering mountainous areas, shorten the urban and rural disparities enhancing the performance of resources and environment and promoting the supporting capacity of independent innovation. These ways will promote the sustainable development of the economy in the mountain regions of China.
Modification and Application of Valuation Methods for the Value of Ecosystem Services
Authors: Dong Jia Hua , Jiang Da He
Published: December 2013

Based on parts of R. Costanzas results of ecosystem services value, this paper mainly discusses the calculative method for the value of natural ecosystem services. Appling some relative research and used substitution cost methods, prevented cost methods, shadow price methods, indirect market methods to estimate influences on constructive land ecosystem services in order to provided the basis for modification of atmosphere and climate and applying substitution cost methods to estimate the values of water regulation. By taking Taicang county in Jiangsu province as an application example, by identifying the functions of ecosystem services within this zone, and by calculating the value of ecosystem services through different years in the whole region , the annual tendency was then analysed. The results indicate that unmodified eco-service value represent theoretical levels of eco-service value, and can not show the changes of the ecosystem as a result of outside influences. But when the degree and size of influences on ecosystem by human activities on the constructional land are taken into account, and the eco-services values are considered as the results of original eco-service value plus outside influencing actions, the modified valuation methods for eco-service Values seem fairly suitable for the ecosystem itself and for the actual eco-service values shown by the ecosystem.
Eco-Compensation for Coastal Principal Function Zoning in Xiamen Bay
Authors: Wu Xin Xin , Cai Yan Ru , Chen Wei Qi , Zhang Luo Ping
Published: December 2013

Eco-compensation for Coastal Principal Function Zoning (CPFZ) is a novel and important research topic. This paper chooses the coastal area of Xiamen Bay as the study area, and attempts to research on the eco-compensation under the framework of CPFZ. At first, the paper discusses the connotation of eco-compensation for CPFZ, and points out that the main consideration should be given to two aspects: the compensation for losses of coastal ecosystem services caused by the leading industry, and the compensation for losses of the restricted or prohibited industries due to the leading industry priority. Then, based on the framework of CPFZ in Xiamen Bay, this article estimates the losses of ecosystem services caused by the leading industries and the corresponding eco-compensation amount, as well as the losses of the restricted or prohibited industries and the reference amount of the claim, using the valuation of ecosystem services combined with the expert judgment method, and the market price method, respectively. Finally, the compensation approaches and the relevant policy are suggested. This work will be helpful to promote the operability of CPFZ and provide reference for further related researches.
The Research on the Industrial Heritage Tourism Development in the Transformation of Resource-Exhausted Cities
Authors: Ren Cheng Hao
Published: December 2013

As China's resource-based cities gradually towards the end of the resources exploitation and experienced an economy recession, a large number of those cities are facing the challenge of transformation. Resource-exhausted cities left us a lot of industrial heritages such as abandoned industrial plants, constructions, equipments and facilities and so on. How to protect and use them is a realistic problem we must face. With the rapid development of tourism and the increasing expansion of tourism demand, industrial heritage tourism gives us an idea of the transformation of resource-exhausted cities. This paper first analyzes the features and development trends of resource-exhausted cities, then sums up the definition and value of industrial heritage, explores the promoting function of industrial heritage tourism for the transformation of resource-exhausted cities and last tries to give us some development modes.
Green Management in High-Tech Industry: A Case Study of Samsung
Authors: Chen Te Fu , Ko Chieh Heng , Huang Chien Chao , Wang Wen Cheng
Published: December 2013

The study adopts the model of sustainable development: three overlapping spheres (environment, society and economy) to examine green management in high-tech industry and through the case study of Samsung. Samsung Electronics adopted guidelines for protecting the environment and preserving human life on earth. The organization launched Green Management, which embodies 5 concepts: greening of Management, greening of Product, greening of Processes, greening of Workplace, and greening of Communities. The division has implemented the greening of management, products, procedures, workplaces, and local communities, by practicing focused green management. As declared in the ESH Policy, the Samsung Semiconductor Division considers environment, safety, and health as the key factors of its corporate management. To clean up and protect the environment and preserve life on earth, Samsung Electronics conducts extensive activities that integrate the concepts of environment, safety, health, and disaster prevention as the key factors of green management.
A Sustainable Development Model of Industrial Structure's Evolution
Authors: Li Wen Chao , Tian Li Xin , He Dan
Published: December 2013

This article establishes a model of industrial structures evolution law by sustainable development method. Making use of the data from 1993 to 2012 in China, the author simulates the evolution of three industries outputs. Then, the author analyses the law and inducement of industry structures evolution in China, and gives advices on sustainable development of industrial structure upgrading.
The Analysis on the Countermeasures of Contemporary Ecological Environment Issues Affecting the Construction of Peoples Livelihood
Authors: Hu Zhi Yuan , Zhou De Xiang
Published: December 2013

On the contemporary, human beings are facing serious environmental problems. The Environmental system in which human beings are living and the construction of peoples livelihood is not two mutually fragmented systems. The problems of ecological environment have many important implications on the contemporary peoples livelihood, affecting a country's social stability and public political participation. For this effect, our government should actively response to it. With the guidance of scientific development view, we should strengthen the treatment of ecological environment, coordinate the conflicts of environmental interest fairly, unimpeded channels to promote active participation in the public environment, strengthening international environmental cooperation and exchanges so as to make the treatment of ecological environment and the construction of peoples livelihood to achieve the progress and development.
The Development of Modern Rural House at Home and Abroad Present Situation and Prospect Analysis
Authors: Cui Dong Ping , Zhao Da Peng
Published: December 2013

In this article, through analyzing the current situation of the development of the rural house at home and abroad, summarizes domestic and foreign advanced experience of the construction of the development of rural housing and the main problems and puts forward the development direction of rural residential construction and development prospect at home and abroad, in order to further strengthen the construction of rural house provides a good reference and reference.
Direct and Indirect Household Energy Consumption in China
Authors: Li Zhi Jie , Qi Zhong Ying
Published: December 2013

Nowadays, China has paid much attention to industrial energy consumption. In fact, household energy consumption, close related to everyones daily life, is playing a more and more important role. In this paper, we utilize input-output model to obtain the value of indirect household energy consumption. We find out the structures of direct and indirect consumption and the gap between rural and urban energy consumption. The results show that the energy consumption structure is cleaner than before, and the gap between rural and urban energy consumption is narrowing. We make the suggestions that clean coal technology is badly needed and supplying more natural gas is helpful.
Research on Innovation Performance Evaluation Index System of the Productive Service Industry Cluster Based on the Process of Network Innovation
Authors: Xu Liang Hu , Cao Ming , Miao Qing
Published: December 2013

In this paper, from the perspective of network innovative process, we comes up with the basic assumption, that is, the network innovation can promote absorptive capacity of industrial clusters products so as to improve the innovation performance of the enterprises in cluster. On the basis of this, this paper adopts correlation analysis method to verify the influence extent of productive service industry cluster innovation network on innovation performance. Therefore, we find critical influencing factors of network nodes and set up the innovation performance evaluation index system of productive service industry cluster.
The Study of Company's Carbon Abatement Investment under Carbon Tax
Authors: Xia Jia Yun , Gao Xiang Lou
Published: December 2013

Emission tax is one of the most efficient economic mechanisms to reduce carbon emissions. Under the situation that government imposes tax , we develop a two-stage dynamic game model. First, Government achieves total carbon emissions targets by imposing carbon tax. Second, two companies constitute a Cournot duopoly market. Companies adjust their output and the proportion of carbon emissions to maximize profits. And through numerical analysis, we find that: When the Government set up the target emission, it will encourage companies to invest carbon emissions abatement, and enable companies to reduce carbon emissions. And then the Government may reduce the rate of carbon tax. Finally, Government and companies can get win-win situation. In the Cournot duopoly market , Abatement Company has more advantage in the competition of the market and more sustainable under the constraint of carbon tax. Otherwise, Non-abatement company is more sensetive to the changes of carbon tax.
Dynamic Comparison Studies on Development of Low-Carbon City in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
Authors: Hu Biao , Li Jian Yi
Published: December 2013

To study development of low-carbon city has significant meaning for transformation of city in China. This paper takes the DPSIR model as the basis to construct a low-carbon city evaluation index system in Beijing-tianjin-hebei region. By constructing the compound fuzzy matter-element, using the entropy weight method and formula of Euclid approach degree, calculates the closeness of low-carbon city from 2007 to 2011 in Beijing-tianjin-hebei region. The results showed that low-carbon city development in Beijing is better than it in Tianjin and Hebei, however, considering the component, some questions remain, city pressure and urban pollution in Beijing area are higher than its in Tianjin and Hebei and so on.
Correlation Analysis on the Energy Consumption Structure and Economic Growth: Taking Shandong Province as an Example
Authors: Zhang Chang Lu , Tan Zhang Lu
Published: December 2013

With peoples growing awareness of green economy, low-carbon economic development has been increasingly demanded. The relationship of energy consumption structure and economic growth can be an important indicator for an economic entitys ecological economy process. With the implementation of the Shandong peninsula blue economic zone in 2011, Shandong Province has been developing rapidly in recent years. Taking Shandong economic entity as the research object, the paper analyses the correlation between the economic development and different kinds of energy consumption, including coal, oil, electricity and new energy, with the grey correlation model using the data from 2000 to 2009 that representing the economic development and energy consumption. The result of the study shows that new energy consumption has the great correlation with economic development indicating that Shandong emphasizes on the development and utilization of new energy to reduce the excessive consumption of non-renewable energy in its economic growth.
Research on the Evaluation of Low-Carbon Tourism Resources of Daqing Wetlands
Authors: Shao Qiang , Li You Jun , Ma Li Min , Wang Jin Xin
Published: December 2013

Low-carbon development is the common direction of the tourism industry and regional economic development. Research on low-carbon tourism resources in wetland makes the low-carbon tourism theory applied to the practice of wetland tourism resources. Through ecological value, low-carbon, operation and management this paper establishes the evaluation index system, and it uses analytic hierarchy process and grey correlation analysis method to evaluate, and on the basis of the results, it proposes daqing wetland specific suggestions on the development of low-carbon tourism.
Essentials of Greenland Planning between Urban and Foothills
Authors: Wan Mei Qiang
Published: December 2013

The foothills land can be used as different methods by the gradient 30 and 45. The low gradient land plans as the scenic greenbelt or parks for people; the high gradient land plans as green space for wild. Best use for foothills can enhance the city plan beyond hills.
Research on REDD + Construction from the Perspective of Environmental Justice
Authors: Liu Jing Wei , Wang Jun Tao , Liu Xi
Published: December 2013

Environmental justice requires that the environmental rights and obligations are allocated and undertaken fairly and reasonably in response to the climate change, in order to realize the coexistence and sustainable development of all human beings. This study analyzed the phenomenon of environmental injustice appearing during the construction of REDD+ mechanics and proposed the proper path that leads to REDD+ mechanism improvement which is based on the perspective of environmental justice.
Luminescence Phenomena: An Introduction
Authors: Murthy K.V.R. , Virk Hardev Singh
Published: December 2013

Luminescence is "cold light", light from other sources of energy, which can take place at normal and lower temperatures. There are several varieties of luminescence, each named according to what the source of energy is, or what the trigger for the luminescence is. Luminescence is a collective term for different phenomena where a substance emits light without being strongly heated, i.e., the emission is not simply thermal radiation. This definition is also reflected by the term "cold light".
Luminescence Dating: Basic Approach to Geochronology
Authors: Chauhan N.
Published: December 2013

Nowadays, luminescence dating technique has become one of the unique tools for paleoclimatic studies. A lot of progress has been made in terms of understanding the phenomenon of luminescence, development of methodology for luminescence dating and its application. Still there are several directions which require better understanding and refinement. This brief review article focuses on the different aspects of luminescence dating, covering basic theory behind luminescence and luminescence dating, procedural aspects, complications and issues of luminescence dating and future perspective.
Thermoluminescent Phosphors for Radiation Dosimetry
Authors: Bhatt B.C. , Kulkarni M.S.
Published: December 2013

The use of thermoluminescence (TL) as a method for radiation dosimetry of ionizing radiation has been established for many decades and has found many useful applications in various fields, such as personnel and environmental monitoring, retrospective dosimetry, medical dosimetry, space dosimetry, high-dose dosimetry. Method of preparation, studies and applications of thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetric materials are reviewed. Several high sensitivity thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are now commercially available in different physical forms. These commercial TL dosimeters comply with a set of stringent requirements stipulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Specific features of TL phosphors for thermal neutron, fast neutron and high-energy charged particle (HCP) dosimetry are also considered. Some of the recent developments in the field of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiophotoluminescence (RPL) are also summarized. Comparative advantages of TL, OSL and RPL dosimeters are given. Results of recent studies of TL in nanosized materials are briefly presented. Future challenges in this field will also be discussed. Contents of Paper
Growth of Large Quantity ZnO Nanowires and their Optical Properties
Authors: Ozaki Shunji , Morozumi Kouichi
Published: December 2013

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were grown on Si substrates by a simple vapor transport method of heating the mixture of ZnO and carbon powders at 1100 °C in a tube of the furnace. The obtained large-quantity cotton-like product has indicated to be the high density of ZnO nanowires with diameters ranging from 50 to 250 nm. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectrum for ZnO nanowires shows sharp near band-edge emissions. The free exciton-polariton emissions were observed at ~3.376 eV.
Reconstruction of Atomic Force Microscope Image Using Estimated Tip Shape from Impulse Response Technique
Authors: Harada Yasuhiko , Sone Hayato , Yin You , Hosaka Sumio
Published: December 2013

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is the useful tool for measuring the micro fabricated devices. Measuring sample surface with AFM, tip-induced distortions are serious problem for accurate measurement. In order to overcome this problem, many studies are reported to reconstruct surface image to original sample surface. We studied method of reconstruction technique of the AFM image by using estimated 3-D tip shape from the impulse response technique. To reconstruct the image of the sample surface, we used a morphological reconstruction process. We demonstrated how to obtain the 3-D tip from the using impulse response technique and then how to reconstruct the 3-D AFM image using estimated tip shape.
The Parameterization of All Plants Stabilizied by a PID Controller for Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output Plants
Authors: Hagiwara Takaaki , Yamada Kou , Hoang An Chinh , Aoyama Satoshi , Hui Huo
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we examine the parameterization of all plants that can be stabilized bya Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller for multiple-input/multiple-output plants.The PID controller structure is the most widely used controller structure in industrial appli-cations. Recently, if stabilizing PID controllers for the plant exist, the parameterization of allstabilizing PID controllers was considered. However, the parameterization of all plants that canbe stabilized by a PID controller for multiple-input/multiple-output plants has not been exam-ined. In this paper, we clarify this question. In addition, we present the parameterization of allstabilizing PID controllers for multiple-input/multiple-output plants that can be stabilized bya PID controller.
Fabrication of Si Nanowire Biosensor Using FIB and its Evaluations
Authors: Truong Anh Hoang , Sone Hayato , Hosaka Sumio
Published: December 2013

We demonstrated the fabrication of silicon nanowire (SiNW) sensors by focused ion beam (FIB) method and determined the effects of changes of nanowire parameters of width and wire-number on the SiNW electrical property. SiNW sensors were fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer with Au-Cr electrodes by the FIB method. We fabricated the SiNW sensor with a minimum width of 90 nm, length of 20 μm and height of 60 nm. The I-V characteristics in the state of ohmic contact were obtained, and the SiNW resistance was found to have 0.86 MΩ and a resistivity of 0.02 Ωcm. In addition, the electrical resistance dependence on width and wire-number was investigated. We found that wire conductance could be increased by increasing the wire-number and wire width.
Ordering of Self-Assembled Nanodots Improved by Guide Pattern with Low Line Edge Roughness for 5 Tbit/in.2 Patterned Media
Authors: Komori Takuya , Huda Miftakhul , Akahane Takashi , Masuda Muneyasu , Liu Jing , bin Mohamad Zulfakri , Yin You , Hosaka Sumio
Published: December 2013

We investigated the possibility of ordering of 12 nm pitced self-assembled nanodots from block copolymer (BCP) improved by the guide pattern with low line edge roughness (LER) for patterned media. We found that LER of the line pattern (σ-value) was reduced by using high-resolution salty development for HSQ resist line pattern fabrication compared with conventional tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) developer. By adopting this development technique to guide pattern fabrication, we demonstrated 10 rows of ordered self-assembled BCP nanodot arrays with a size of 6 nm and a pitch of 12 nm (5 Tbit/in.2) between the guide patterns.
Analysis of Rolling Resistance of Tires with Run Flat Insert
Authors: Ejsmont Jerzy A. , Jackowski Jerzy , Luty Witold , Motrycz Grzegorz , Stryjek Piotr , Swieczko-Zurek Beata
Published: December 2013

Run flat properties are required for tires intended for special applications like military or rescue vehicles. Run-Flat inserts make possible to drive a car or truck, with certain restrictions, also when inflation pressure is very low or non-existing (after tire damage). Rolling resistance of tires rolling on the inserts increases considerably in relation to the rolling resistance of properly inflated tires. This paper presents results of rolling resistance measurements for such conditions.
Analysis and Comparison of Safety of Children and Adult Passenger in Car Based on Crash Tests Results
Authors: Zdunek Bartosz , Landowski Michał , Taryma Stanislaw , Woźniak Ryszard , Imielińska Krystyna , Muszyński Artur
Published: December 2013

Most important features of the child seat were presented. There was made analysis of selected dynamic loads acting on mannequins heads during a collision. Comparison of loads acting on the kid in a child seat and the other passengers in a car is presented. In analysis of the results particular attention has been paid on the children's secure in a car. The phenomena of collision child's occipital bone with seat backrest was described. There were presented results of dynamic test of chosen kind of materials, which were expected for having good energy absorbing characteristic. Selected courses of dynamic forces, values of peak forces and time of dynamic forces acting for tested materials were shown. The tests were made on dynamic droptower impact system Instron CEAST 9310.