bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A generalized model for predicting different morphologies of bacterial swarming on a porous solid surface
Authors: Kumar Uttam , Pushpavanam Subramaniam
Published: November 2024

We present a multiphase model to explore bacterial swarming dynamics on porous surfaces. It demonstrates how surfactant production, osmotic influx, wettability, Marangoni stresses, and cell production drive colony expansion into distinct shapes.
Enhanced oxygen exchange kinetics and long-term stability of a Ruddlesden–Popper phase Pr4Ni3O10+δ cathode for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Saher Saim , Qamar Affaq , Tan Chou Yong , Ramesh S. , Alfraidi Walied
Published: November 2024

Degradation of cathode materials at high temperatures challenges SOFCs commercial viability. This study compares oxygen exchange kinetics of Pr4Ni3O10+δ and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ, evaluating their stability and suitability for long-term SOFC use.
Radiofrequency-triggered surface-heated laser-induced graphene membranes for enhanced membrane distillation
Authors: Mahbub Hasib , Nowrin Fouzia Hasan , Saed Mohammad A. , Malmali Mahdi
Published: November 2024

A hydrophobic electroconductive LIG membrane with ∼143.7° water contact angle is prepared showing average surface temperature of ∼140 °C with 91 MHz radiofrequency heating. Vacuum membrane distillation shows ∼13.5 L m−2 h−1 flux.
Recent advances in p-type polymeric electrode materials towards high-voltage 4.0 V-class organic lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Baskoro Febri , Sharma Santosh U. , Lubis Andre Lammiduk , Yen Hung-Ju
Published: November 2024

The p-type polymer electrodes have received an exponential growth of interest for organic lithium-ion batteries. This review summarizes their recent developments focusing on structure, performance, advantages, and challenges.
Machine learning aided design of high performance copper-based sulfide photocathodes
Authors: Cao Yuxi , Shen Kaijie , Li Yuanfei , Lan Fumei , Guo Zeyu , Zhang Kelu , Wang Kang , Jiang Feng
Published: November 2024

With the help of machine learning algorithms, we developed software that can predict the performance of copper-based sulfide photocathodes and this system shows excellent accuracy of up to 96%.
Long-lasting, flexible and fully bioresorbable AZ31–tungsten batteries for transient, biodegradable electronics
Authors: Ko Gwan-Jin , Jang Tae-Min , Shin Daiha , Kang Heeseok , Yang Seung Min , Han Sungkeun , Kaveti Rajaram , Eom Chan-Hwi , Choi So Jeong , Han Won Bae , Yeo Woon-Hong , Bandodkar Amay J. , Cho Jiung , Hwang Suk-Won
Published: November 2024

An eco-friendly, fully biodegradable magnesium alloy (AZ31)–tungsten (W) battery exhibits enhanced stability and corrosion resistance. The integration of alginate-based elastic electrolytes demonstrates a fully biodegradable solid-state battery.
Pre-lithiation carbon anodes mitigating potassium loss for high-performance potassium-ion energy storage devices
Authors: Du Danni , Liu Qingyuan , Gao Jing , Qin Yuying , Jiang Xiaobo , Shi Yuanchang , Hua Minghao , Lin Xiaohang , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Chengxiang , Yin Longwei , Wang Rutao
Published: November 2024

A pre-lithiation carbon anode with a preformed SEI layer effectively mitigates potassium loss, thus enabling the fabrication of high-performance K+ energy storage devices without the need for unsafe and immature pre-potassium treatments.
Flexible multifunctional MXene@Ag nanowires/cotton fabric inspired by transport of nutrients by roots for electromagnetic shielding, infrared stealth, Joule/solar heating and flame retardancy
Authors: Yan Jiatong , Chen Meimei , Tan Rui , Lin Chuanxi , Jiang Shan , Wang Weijie , Pan Songyue , Xiao Hongyan , Ren Erhui , Guo Ronghui
Published: November 2024

With the rapid development of 5G intelligent detection technology, electromagnetic shielding/infrared stealth fabrics with Joule/solar heating performance can meet the needs of wearable electronic devices for multi-application scenarios.
Regulating oxygen redox reactions in lithium-rich materials via an Al2O3-doped ZnO layer for enhanced stability and performance
Authors: Cheng Xinyu , Wang Yuke , Lu Jia , Dai Wangqi , Lei Huanhao , Zuo Jinning , Li Hong , Fu Zhengwen
Published: November 2024

An ultrathin Al2O3-doped ZnO (AZO) layer on LRM regulates oxygen redox by suppressing anion migration and inhibiting surface oxygen oxidation, enhancing cycling performance.
Vertical macroporous chitosan aerogel adsorbents for simple and efficient enhancement of atmospheric water harvesting and air dehumidification
Authors: Fu Changhui , He Yuxuan , Yu Anhui , Tian Guangyi , Zhan Danyan , Zhang Huimin , Guo Zhiguang
Published: November 2024

In this study, a biomass chitosan aerogel adsorbent (LCSC-MC) was developed to provide a new idea for the simple preparation of low-cost atmospheric water harvesting and air dehumidification materials with rapid moisture absorption.
Bimetallic doped carbon dot nanozymes for enhanced sonodynamic and nanocatalytic therapy
Authors: Huang Yandong , Jia Lanting , Zhang Shiqi , Yan Lang , Li Lei
Published: November 2024

Bimetallic doped carbon dots (CDs) were prepared as a high-efficiency nanozyme and sonosensitizer for enhanced SDT and NCT.
Enhanced energy storage performance with excellent thermal stability of BNT-based ceramics via the multiphase engineering strategy for pulsed power capacitor
Authors: Rehman Maqbool Ur , Xie Aiwen , Rahman Attaur , Zhang Yi , Tian Ao , Jiang Xuewen , Xie Xinchun , Zhou Cong , Li Tianyu , Liu Liqiang , Gao Xin , Er Xiaokuo , Zuo Ruzhong
Published: November 2024

High-temperature resistance and ultra-fast discharging of materials are among the hot topics in the development of pulsed power systems.
Reduced graphene oxide derived from the spent graphite anodes as a sulfur host in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Grace J. Priscilla , Kaliprasad Y. , Martha Surendra K.
Published: November 2024

Recycled graphite anodes from spent LIBs as a conductive carbon host in LSBs.
Graph neural link predictor based on cycle structure
Authors: Yang Yanlin , Ye Zhonglin , Meng Lei , Li Mingyuan , Zhao Haixing
Published: November 2024

Currently, the link prediction algorithms primarily focus on studying the interaction between nodes based on chain structure and star structure, which predominantly rely on low‐order structural information and do not explore the multivariate interactions between nodes from the perspective of higher‐order structural information present in the network. The cycle structure is a higher‐order structure that lies between the star and clique structures, where all nodes within the same cycle can interact with each other, even in the absence of direct edges. If a node is encompassed by multiple cycles, it indicates that the node interacts and associates with a greater number of nodes in the network, and it means the node is more important in the network to some extent. Furthermore, if two nodes are included in multiple cycles, it signifies the two nodes are more likely to be connected. Therefore, firstly, a multi‐information fusion node importance algorithm based on the cycle structure information is proposed, which integrates both high‐order and low‐order structural information. Secondly, the obtained integrated structure information and node feature information is regarded as the input features, a two‐channel graph neural network model is designed to learn the cycle structure information. Then, the cycle structure information is utilised for the task of link prediction, and a graph neural link predictor with multi‐information interactions based on the cycle structure is developed. Finally, extensive experimental validation and analysis show that the node ranking result of the proposed node importance index is more consistent with the actual situation, the proposed graph neural network model can effectively learn the cycle structure information, and using higher‐order structural information—cycle information proves to significantly enhance the overall link prediction performance.
Combining federated learning and control: A survey
Authors: Weber Jakob , Gurtner Markus , Lobe Amadeus , Trachte Adrian , Kugi Andreas
Published: November 2024

This survey provides an overview of combining federated learning (FL) and control to enhance adaptability, scalability, generalization, and privacy in (nonlinear) control applications. Traditional control methods rely on controller design models, but real‐world scenarios often require online model retuning or learning. FL offers a distributed approach to model training, enabling collaborative learning across distributed devices while preserving data privacy. By keeping data localized, FL mitigates concerns regarding privacy and security while reducing network bandwidth requirements for communication. This survey summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art concepts and ideas of combining FL and control. The methodical benefits are further discussed, culminating in a detailed overview of expected applications, from dynamical system modelling over controller design, focusing on adaptive control, to knowledge transfer in multi‐agent decision‐making systems.
Path planning strategies for logistics robots: Integrating enhanced A‐star algorithm and DWA
Authors: Zeng Xianyang , Zhang Jiawang , Yin Wenhui , Yang Hongli , Yu Hao , Liang Yuansheng , Tong Jinwu
Published: November 2024

Path planning is the key part in the process of transportation conducted by logistics robots, and there often exist some problems with it. The path designed is not always smooth enough and its search efficiency is low, for example. As a common global path planning algorithm, A‐star is based on the traditional algorithm, which is unable to solve the problem of uneven path in the movement of logistics robots. Through improving the heuristic function of the traditional A‐star algorithm, weighing the heuristic function dynamically, removing the redundant points of the traditional star algorithm path with Floyd algorithm, and setting a safe distance to prevent the logistics robot from collision at the same time, the path is finally curved to be more appropriate to the movement path of the logistics robot. The MATLAB simulation of A‐star algorithm before and after the improvement shows that the turning points of the advanced A‐star algorithm reduced 61.5% on average compared to the traditional algorithm. The path length decreased 2.4% and the traversing points reduced 58.5%. At the same time, the DWA algorithm introduces dynamic weight coefficients, which can dynamically adjust the weight coefficients when encountering obstacles, so as to safely reach the target point.
Double red giant branch and red clump features of Galactic disc stellar populations with Gaia GSP-Spec
Authors: Recio-Blanco A. , de Laverny P. , Palicio P. A. , Cassisi S. , Pietrinferni A. , Lagarde N. , Navarrete C.
Published: November 2024

Context. The bimodality of the Milky Way disc, in the form of a thick short disc and a thinner more radially extended one, encrypts the complex internal evolution of our Galaxy and its interaction with the environment.

Aims. To disentangle the different competing physical processes at play in Galactic evolution, a detailed chrono-chemical-kinematical and dynamical characterisation of the disc bimodality is necessary, including high number statistics.

Methods. Here, we make use of an extremely precise sub-sample of the Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec catalogue of stellar chemo-physical parameters. The selected database is composed of 408 800 stars with a median uncertainty of 10 K, 0.03, and 0.01 dex in Teff, log(ɡ) and [M/H], respectively.

Results. The stellar parameter precision allows us to break the age–metallicity degeneracy of disc stars. For the first time, the disc bimodality in the Kiel diagram of giant stars is observed, getting rid of interstellar absortion issues. This bimodality produces double red giant branch sequences and red clump features for mono-metallicity populations. A comparison with BaSTI isochrones allows us to demonstrate that an age gap is needed to explain the evolutionary sequence separation, in agreement with previous age–metallicity relations obtained using sub-giant stars. A bimodal distribution in the stellar mass-[α/Fe] plane is observed at constant metallicity. Finally, a selection of stars with [M/H]=0.45±0.03 dex shows that the most metal-rich population in the Milky Way disc presents an important proportion of stars with ages in the range of 5–13 Gyr, in agreement with previous literature findings. This old, extremely metal-rich population is possibly a mix of migrated stars from the internal Galactic regions, and old disc stars formed before the last major merger of the Milky Way.

Conclusions. The Gaia GSP-Spec Kiel diagrams of disc mono-abundance stellar populations reveal a complex, non-linear age-metallicity relation crafted by internal and external processes of Galactic evolution. Their detailed analysis opens new opportunities to reconstruct the puzzle of the Milky Way disc bimodality.
Turbulent plasma flow, its energies, and structures: Velocity vortices, magnetic field cocoons, and plasmoids
Authors: Jelínek P. , Karlický M.
Published: November 2024

Context. Turbulent flows are believed to be present in the solar corona, especially in connection with solar flares and coronal mass ejections. They are supposed to be very effective processes in energy transportation and can contribute to the heating of the solar corona.

Aims. We study turbulence in reconnection outflows associated with flares and coronal mass ejections. We simulated the generation and evolution of the turbulent plasma flow and investigated its energies and formed plasma velocity and magnetic field structures.

Methods. For the numerical simulations, we adopted a three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, in which we solved a full set of the 3D time-dependent resistive and compressible MHD equations using the LARE3D numerical code.

Results. We numerically studied turbulence in the plasma flow in the model with the plasma parameters that could simulate processes in the magnetic reconnection outflows in solar flares. Starting from a non-turbulent plasma flow in the energetically closed system, we studied the evolution of the kinetic, internal, and magnetic energies during the turbulence generation. We found that most of the kinetic energy is transformed into the plasma heating (about 95%) and only a small part to the magnetic energy (about 5%). The turbulence in the system evolves to the saturation stage with the power-law index of the kinetic density spectrum, −5/3. Magnetic energy is also saturated due to its dissipation and reconnection in small and complex magnetic field structures. We show examples of the structures formed in studied turbulent flow: velocity vortices, magnetic field cocoons, and plasmoids.
Testing kinematic distances under a realistic Galactic potential
Authors: Hunter Glen H. , Sormani Mattia C. , Beckmann Jan P. , Vasiliev Eugene , Glover Simon C. O. , Klessen Ralf S. , Soler Juan D. , Brucy Noé , Girichidis Philipp , Göller Junia , Ohlin Loke , Tress Robin , Molinari Sergio , Gerhard Ortwin , Benedettini Milena , Smith Rowan , Hennebelle Patrick , Testi Leonardo
Published: November 2024

Context. Obtaining reliable distance estimates to gas clouds within the Milky Way is challenging in the absence of certain tracers. The kinematic distance approach has been used as an alternative, and it is derived from the assumption of circular trajectories around the Galactic centre. Consequently, significant errors are expected in regions where gas flow deviates from purely circular motions.

Aims. We aim to quantify the systematic errors that arise from the kinematic distance method in the presence of a Galactic potential that is non-axisymmetric. We investigated how these errors differ in certain regions of the Galaxy and how they relate to the underlying dynamics.

Methods. We performed 2D isothermal hydrodynamical simulation of the gas disk with the moving-mesh code AREPO, adding the capability of using an external potential provided by the AGAMA library for galactic dynamics. We introduced a new analytic potential of the Milky Way, taking elements from existing models and adjusting parameters to match recent observational constraints.

Results. In line with results of previous studies, we report significant errors in the kinematic distance estimate for gas close to the Sun along sight lines towards the Galactic centre and anti-centre and associated with the Galactic bar. Kinematic distance errors are low within the spiral arms, as gas resides close to local potential minima and the resulting line-of-sight velocity is similar to what is expected for an axisymmetric potential. Interarm regions exhibit large deviations at any given Galactic radius, and this is caused by the gas being sped up or slowed down as it travels into or out of spiral arms. In addition, we identify ‘zones of avoidance’ in the lv-diagram, where the kinematic distance method is particularly unreliable and should only be used with caution, and we find a power-law relation between the kinematic distance error and the deviation of the projected line-of-sight velocity from circular motion.
Millisecond pulsars phenomenology under the light of graph theory
Authors: García C. R. , Illiano G. , Torres D. F. , Papitto A. , Zelati F. Coti , de Martino D. , Patruno A.
Published: November 2024

We compute and apply the minimum spanning tree (MST) of the binary millisecond pulsar population, and discuss aspects of the known phenomenology of these systems in this context. We find that the MST effectively separates different classes of spider pulsars – eclipsing radio pulsars in tight binary systems with a companion of either ~0.1–0.8 M⊙ (redbacks) or ≲0.06 M⊙ in mass (black widows) – into distinct branches. The MST also separates black widows (BWs) in globular clusters from those found in the field and groups other pulsar classes of interest, including transitional millisecond pulsars (tMSPs). Using the MST and a defined ranking for similarity, we identify possible candidates likely to belong to these pulsar classes. In particular, based on this approach, we propose the BW classification of J1300+1240, J1630+3550, J1317−0157, J1221−0633, J1627+3219, J1737−0314A, and J1701−3006F, discuss that of J1908+2105, and analyze J1723−2837, J1431−4715, and J1902−5105 as possible transitional systems. We introduce an algorithm that quickly locates where new pulsars fall within the MST and use this to examine the positions of the TMSP IGR J18245−2452 (PSR J1824−2452I), the tMSP candidate 3FGL J1544.6−1125, and the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4−3658. Assessing the positions of these sources in the MST – assuming a range for their unknown variables (e.g., the spin period derivative of PSR J1824−2452I) –, we can effectively narrow down the parameter space necessary for searching for and determining key pulsar parameters through targeted observations.
A multi-wavelength overview of the giant spiral UGC 2885
Authors: Carvalho Matheus C. , Naguleswaran Bavithra , Barmby Pauline , Gorski Mark , Köenig Sabine , Holwerda Benne , Young Jason
Published: November 2024

Context. UGC 2885 (z = 0.01935) is one of the largest and most massive galaxies in the local Universe, yet it has an undisturbed spiral structure, which is unexpected for such an object and is not predicted by cosmological simulations. Understanding the detailed properties of extreme systems such as UGC 2885 can provide insight into the limits of scaling relations and the physical processes driving galaxy evolution.

Aims. Our goal is to understand whether UGC 2885 has followed a similar evolutionary path as other high-mass galaxies by examining its place in the fundamental metallicity relation and on the star-forming main sequence.

Methods. We present new observations of UGC 2885 with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope and the Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique 30 m telescope. We used these novel data to calculate metallicity and molecular hydrogen mass values, respectively. We estimated the stellar mass (M⋆) and star formation rate (SFR) based on mid-infrared observations with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.

Results. We find global metallicities Z = 9.28, 9.08, and 8.74 at the 25 kpc ellipsoid from the N2O2, R23, and O3N2 indices, respectively. This puts UGC 2885 at the high end of the galaxy metallicity distribution. We find a molecular hydrogen mass of MH2 = 1.89 ± 0.24 × 1011 M⊙, a SFR of 1.63 ± 0.72 M⊙ yr−1, and a stellar mass of 4.83 ± 1.52 × 1011 M⊙, which gives a star formation efficiency (SFR/MH2) of 8.67 ± 4.20 × 1012 yr−1. This indicates that UGC 2885 has an extremely high molecular gas content compared to known samples of star-forming galaxies (∼100 times more) and a relatively low SFR for its current gas content.

Conclusions. We conclude that UGC 2885 has gone through cycles of star formation periods, which increased its stellar mass and metallicity to its current state. The mechanisms that are fuelling the current molecular gas reservoir and keeping the galaxy from producing stars remain uncertain. We discuss the possibility that a molecular bar is quenching star-forming activity.
An alternating minimization algorithm with trajectory for direct exoplanet detection
Authors: Daglayan H. , Vary S. , Absil O. , Cantalloube F. , Christiaens V. , Gillis N. , Jacques L. , Leplat V. , Absil P.-A.
Published: November 2024

Context. Effective image post-processing algorithms are vital for the successful direct imaging of exoplanets. Standard point spread function (PSF) subtraction methods use techniques based on a low-rank approximation to separate the rotating planet signal from the quasi-static speckles and rely on signal-to-noise ratio maps to detect the planet. These steps do not interact or feed each other, leading to potential limitations in the accuracy and efficiency of exoplanet detection.

Aims. We aim to develop a novel approach that iteratively finds the flux of the planet and the low-rank approximation of quasi-static signals in an attempt to improve upon current PSF subtraction techniques.

Methods. In this study, we extend the standard L2 norm minimization paradigm to an L1 norm minimization framework in order to better account for noise statistics in the high contrast images. Then, we propose a new method, referred to as the alternating minimization algorithm with trajectory (AMAT), that makes more advanced use of estimating the low-rank approximation of the speckle field and the planet flux by alternating between them and utilizing both L1 and L2 norms. For the L1 norm minimization, we propose using L1 norm low-rank approximation (L1-LRA), a low-rank approximation computed using an exact block-cyclic coordinate descent method, while we use randomized singular value decomposition for the L2 norm minimization. Additionally, we enhance the visibility of the planet signal using a likelihood ratio as a post-processing step.

Results. Numerical experiments performed on a VLT/SPHERE-IRDIS dataset show the potential of AMAT to improve upon the existing approaches in terms of higher S/N, sensitivity limits (contrast curves), and receiver operating characteristic curves. Moreover, for a systematic comparison, we used datasets from the exoplanet data challenge to compare our algorithm with other algorithms in the challenge, and we find AMAT with a likelihood ratio map performs better than most algorithms tested on the exoplanet data challenge.
Unveiling the rebrightening mechanism of GRS 1915+105: Insights from a change in the quasi-periodic oscillations and from a wind analysis
Authors: Dai Xiaohang , Kong Lingda , Ji Long , Zhou Menglei , Shui Qingcang , Wang Pengju , Zhang Shu , Santangelo Andrea
Published: November 2024

We report a significant rebrightening event in the microquasar GRS 1915+105 that was observed in July 2021 with NICER and NuSTAR. This event was characterized by quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the soft state, but is typically free of these oscillations. It was also marked by an increase in the disk wind ionization degree. By employing the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), we decomposed the stable low-frequency QPO from the light curves using data from NICER and NuSTAR. Our spectral analysis shows a weak change in the Fe XXV absorption lines and a strong change in the Fe XXV absorption edge with QPO phase. Other spectral parameters, including the photon index and the seed photon temperature, correlate positively with the QPO phase, but the electron temperature is inversely correlated. Based on our findings we propose that the observed QPOs were caused by magnetic activity and not by precession. The magnetic field drove a failed disk wind of high-ionization low-velocity material. These results support the accretion ejection instability model and provide deeper insights into the dynamics of accretion-ejection processes that are magnetized by a black hole.
Approximation of optimal feedback controls for stochastic reaction-diffusion equations
Authors: Stannat Wilhelm , Vogler Alexander
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we present a method to approximate optimal feedback controls for stochastic reaction-diffusion equations. We derive two approximation results providing the theoretical foundation of our approach and allowing for explicit error estimates. The approximation of optimal feedback controls by neural networks is discussed as an explicit application of our method. We illustrate our findings in the case of a linear quadratic control problem with a numerical example.
Extending the panel of inelastic scattering reactions availaible for dosimetry: Definition of the experimental campaign at the JSI TRIGA reactor
Authors: Grégoire Gilles , Radulovic Vladimir , Žerovnic Gasper , Domergue Christophe , Philibert Hervé , Fausser Clément , Tisseur David , Thiollay Nicolas , Barbot Loic , Destouches Christophe
Published: November 2024

The epithermal to fast neutron domain lacks reactions to enhance the knowledge of spectrum in this energy range (1 keV to 1 MeV). Previous studies on this topic focused on94Zr(n, γ) capture and117Sn(n,n′) inelastic reactions. In the framework of a research collaboration between the French Atomic and Alternative Energies Commission (CEA) and the Jožef Stefan Institute (JSI), a new project consists in finding new inelastic reactions suitable for dosimetry. This paper describes the selection process of new reactions to be tested in an experimental campaign at JSI.
Essstörungsbezogene Symptomreduktion, suizidales/selbstverletzendes
Verhalten, emotionale Dysregulation und Beziehungsschwierigkeiten bei
essstörungsspezifischer Behandlung – Eine klinische Studie
Authors: Dippold Brigitte , Dreyße Kathrin , Kröger Christoph
Published: November 2024

In dieser Studie wurde ein möglicher Zusammenhang zwischen
suizidalem/selbstverletzendem Verhalten und der Veränderung der
selbstberichteten Essstörungssymptomatik sowie Emotionaler Dysregulation und
Beziehungsschwierigkeiten bei einer essstörungsspezifischen Behandlung
explorativ untersucht. Hierzu wurden folgende Selbstberichtsmaße bei 167
Patientinnen einer psychosomatischen Klinik erhoben: der Symptomindex des Eating
Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-SI) und die Skala zur Erfassung der Impulsivität und
emotionalen Dysregulation der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (IES-27) mit den
Subskalen Suizidales und selbstverletzendes Verhalten (SVV/SEV), emotionale
Dysregulation (EmotDys) und Beziehungsschwierigkeiten (BezSchw). Die
Teilnehmenden wurden in Abhängigkeit des Auftretens von SVV/SEV vor Beginn
und/oder vor Ende der Behandlung in vier Gruppen eingeteilt. Eine einfaktorielle
multivariate Analyse der Varianz (MANOVA) mit Messwiederholung zeigte eine
Interaktion von Zeit und Gruppe hinsichtlich EDI-SI, EmotDys und BezSchw. Die
Effektstärken des Prä-Post-Vergleichs des EDI-SI waren in den nach Auftreten von
SVV/SEV aufgeteilten Gruppen sehr unterschiedlich (0,27<g*< 1,32). Für
Personen mit im Behandlungsverlauf neu aufgetretenem SVV/SEV konnte im Mittel
keine Verbesserung des EDI-SI festgestellt werden. Personen, die SVV/SEV im
Behandlungsverlauf abstellen konnten, profitierten auch hinsichtlich des EDI-SI.
Entscheidend für die Berücksichtigung von SVV/SEV bei Patientinnen mit
Essstörung scheint weniger das vor Behandlungsbeginn berichtete SVV/SEV, sondern
mehr im Behandlungsverlauf neu aufgetretenes oder anhaltendes SVV/SEV.
2001–2021 Comparative Persistence of Oral Antipsychotics in Patients
Initiating Treatment: Superiority of Clozapine in Time-to-Treatment
Discontinuation
Authors: Parabiaghi Alberto , Galbussera Alessia A. , D’Avanzo Barbara , Tettamanti Mauro , Fortino Ida , Barbato Angelo
Published: November 2024

Background Continuous antipsychotic (AP) therapy is crucial for managing
psychotic disorders, and its early interruption reflects the drugʼs failure.
Real-world epidemiological research is essential for confirming experimental
data and generating new research hypotheses.

Methods The persistence of oral APs in a large population sample from 2000
to 2021 was analyzed by comparing AP prescriptions over this period across four
Italian provinces, using dispensing data linked via a record-linkage procedure
among regional healthcare utilization databases. We calculated personalized
daily dosages and assessed time-to-treatment discontinuation over a 3-month
period for patients initiating AP treatment. Treatment persistence was evaluated
using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression, with adjustments for age and
sex.

Results Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) were favored over
first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), with olanzapine as the most prescribed.
Within the study time frame, 42,434 individuals were prescribed a new continuous
AP regimen. The analysis revealed 24 significant differences within 28
comparisons. As a class, SGAs demonstrated better treatment persistence than
FGAs (HR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.73, 0.79). Clozapine stood out for its superior
persistence, surpassing all other SGAs, notably olanzapine (HR: 0.85; 95%CI:
0.79–0.91) and risperidone (HR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.74–0.87). Olanzapine and
aripiprazole showed better results than both risperidone and quetiapine.
Quetiapine showed inferior 3-month persistence in all pairwise comparisons.

Conclusion The study results provide insight into the performance dynamics
among SGAs: clozapine, despite being one of the less frequently dispensed APs in
our sample, emerged as a significant prescription choice. The significance of
pharmacoepidemiological studies in complementing experimental findings is also
underscored.
Identifying Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn within a Large Integrated Health Care System
Authors: Xie Fagen , Fassett Michael J. , Shi Jiaxiao M. , Chiu Vicki Y. , Im Theresa M. , Kim Sunhea , Mensah Nana A. , Khadka Nehaa , Park Daniella , Mao Carol , Molaei Matthew , Lin Iris , Getahun Darios
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aims to identify hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) pregnancies using electronic health records (EHRs) from a large integrated health care system.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study was performed among pregnant patients receiving obstetrical care at Kaiser Permanente Southern California health care system between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2022. Using structured (diagnostic/procedural codes, medication, and laboratory records) and unstructured (clinical notes analyzed via natural language processing) data abstracted from EHRs, we extracted HDFN-specific “indicators” (maternal positive antibody test and abnormal antibody titer, maternal/infant HDFN diagnosis and blood transfusion, hydrops fetalis, infant intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG] treatment, jaundice/phototherapy, and first administrated Rho[D] Immune Globulin) to identify potential HDFN pregnancies. Chart reviews and adjudication were then performed on select combinations of indicators for case ascertainment. HDFN due to ABO alloimmunization alone was excluded. The HDFN frequency and proportion of each combination were fully analyzed.

Results Among the 464,711 eligible pregnancies, a total of 136 pregnancies were confirmed as HDFN pregnancies. The percentage of the HDFN-specific indicators ranged from 0.02% (infant IVIG treatment) to 34.53% (infant jaundice/phototherapy) among the eligible pregnancies, and 32.35% (infant IVIG treatment) to 100% (maternal positive antibody test) among the 136 confirmed HDFN pregnancies. Four combination groups of four indicators, four combination groups of five indicators, and the unique combination of six indicators showed 100% of HDFN pregnancies, while 80.88% of confirmed HDFN pregnancies had the indicator combination of maternal positive antibody test, maternal/infant HDFN diagnosis, and infant jaundice/phototherapy.

Conclusion We successfully identified HDFN pregnancies by leveraging a combination of medical indicators extracted from structured and unstructured data that may be used in future pharmacoepidemiologic studies. Traditional indicators (positive antibody test results, high titers, and clinical diagnosis codes) alone did not accurately identify HDFN pregnancies, highlighting an unmet need for improved practices in HDFN coding.

Key Points
Over-the-scope clips vs standard endoscopic interventions for first-line treatment of NVUGI bleeding: Meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Mega Paulo Ferreira , Brunaldi Vitor Ottoboni , Bestetti Alexandre Moraes , Kum Angelo So Taa , de Sousa Igor Valdeir , Lera dos Santos Marcos Eduardo , de Moura Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux
Published: November 2024

Background and study aims Recently, over-the-scope clips (OTSCs) have been extensively studied for hemostasis of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB). Our goal was to compare the efficacy of OTSCs with standard endoscopic interventions (SEIs) as first-line treatments.

Patients and methods A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing OTSCs with SEIs as first-line therapy for NVUGIB. This search was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results Of 819 reviewed studies, five RCTs comprising 555 patients (277 OTSCs vs. 278 SEIs) were included. The OTSC group had a lower 30-day rebleeding rate (risk ratio [RR] 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24–0.77; I² = 0%; P = 0.004) and a higher clinical success rate (RR 1.19; 95% CI 1.11–1.28; I² = 0%; P < 0.00001). There was no significant difference in technical success (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.98–1.14; I² = 73%; P = 0.13), 30-day all-cause mortality (RR 0.50; 95% CI 0.22–1.14; I² = 0%; P = 0.10), need for further intervention (RR 1.22; 95% CI 0.43–3.47; I² = 0%; P = 0.71), or length of hospital stay (mean difference 0.31; 95% CI: -1.08- 1.70; I² = 0%; P = 0.66). Risk of bias, which was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool, indicated some concerns about bias.

Conclusions OTSCs are more efficient than SEIs as first-line treatment in terms of rebleeding within 30 days and clinical success rates.
Facile Synthesis of New Antiviral Fluoro-Quinazolines Enabled by Merging Domino Reactions
Authors: Tsogoeva Svetlana B. , Kohlbauer Sascha , Xia Honglin , Grau Benedikt W. , Wangen Christina , Hahn Friedrich , Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Marschall Manfred
Published: November 2024

Quinazolines, particularly fluoro-quinazolines, represent important structural motifs in bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals. Despite several known synthetic routes, the efficient synthesis of fluorine-containing quinazolines remains a challenge. Herein, the straightforward and sustainable synthesis of fluorine-substituted quinazolines using domino sequences is reported. The obtained novel fluoro-quinazoline compounds exhibit significant in vitro activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), expanding the library of potential antiviral drug compounds. Our finding outlays the synthetic toolkit for fluoro-quinazolines and introduces new agents for HCMV therapy.
B2(OH)4 and Et3N-BH3: A New Combination of Reagents for the Mild and Efficient Photoreduction of Nitro(hetero)arenes
Authors: Błyszczyk Piotr T. , Roure Baptiste
Published: November 2024

Anilines are a common motif in many bioactive compounds and their production through the reduction of nitroarenes has become an essential method for their synthesis. We demonstrate that the combination of an amine-borane complex and hypoboric acid (tetrahydroxydiborane) under visible light irradiation can accomplish the reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the generation of boryl radicals via a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) step from the photoexcited nitroarene. Involvement of a parallel thermal pathway is demonstrated with the high reaction efficiency being partially attributed to both routes.
Progress in Radical Fluorosulfonyl Reagents
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Heyin
Published: November 2024

Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) chemistry that relies on the unique reactivity–stability balance of high valent organosulfur has emerged as a promising topic for the next-generation click reaction. Sulfonyl fluorides are the most widely used connective hubs of the SuFEx click reaction with widespread applications in the fields of chemical biology, drug discovery, and materials science. Compared with current methods, direct fluorosulfonylation with fluorosulfonyl radicals has emerged as a concise and efficient approach for the production of sulfonyl fluorides. The highly active SO2F radical was an unstable and inaccessible precursor until it was observed in the decomposition of fluorosulfonyl azide, which inspired efforts towards the production of fluorosulfonyl radical precursors for direct radical fluorosulfonylation processes. This review presents and discusses current breakthroughs in the generation of fluorosulfonyl radicals from various radical precursors, as well as their application in the synthesis of diverse functionalized sulfonyl fluorides.

1 Introduction

2 FSO2Cl as a Radical Precursor

3 Benzimidazolium Fluorosulfonates as Radical Precursors

4 Alk-1-ynylsulfonyl Fluorides as Radical Precursors

5 (Diarylmethylene)sulfamoyl Fluorides as Radical Precursors

6 Vinyl Fluorosulfates as Radical Precursors

7 Conclusion and Outlook
Tracking a Homeopathic Complex Formulation in the Watercourses of a Fire-Damaged State Park in Brazil
Authors: de Medeiros Nathalia Salles Scortegagna , Pinto Andréia Adelaide G. , Frana Sérgio , Souza Mônica Filomena , Felício Ana Paula , Suffredini Ivana Barbosa , Cartwright Steven John , Bonamin Leoni Villano
Published: November 2024

Introduction In 2020, a 26,849-ha state park in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, had 30% of its area damaged by fire. A homeopathic complex formulation was applied at strategic point locations in the park's springs or watercourses, aiming to mitigate the fire damage to the flora and fauna as quickly as possible. The duration of the homeopathic signal at each point was assessed using an established solvatochromic dye technique.

Objective To evaluate the timing and the nature of the signal at each of nine point locations. We could thus identify the presence of any signal variations due to specified environmental features within the park.

Methods Water samples were harvested from each intervention point at different times, filtered, frozen, and sent to the laboratory, where they were prepared to 1cH using filtered 30% ethanol. Methylene violet was chosen among six dyes since it was found in preliminary tests that it could trace the homeopathic complex used. In addition to simple sample testing, samples were submitted to a static and unidirectional magnetic field of 2400 Gauss (240 mT) for 15 minutes immediately before reading, which enhanced the method's sensitivity. One-way analysis of variance/Tukey test was used to identify dye absorbance changes following the analysis of water samples from the watercourse system. A correlation matrix and the Spearman r test were employed to evaluate any correlation between tracking and the pre-existing anthropic interventions at harvesting points. In all cases, α = 0.05.

Results Four tracking patterns using the sample magnetization process were observed in relation to water samples and their effect on methylene violet solutions: no response (P2, P4), early transitory response (P5, P6, P8), late response (P1, P9), and constant response (P3, P7). P2 and P4, which could not be tracked, were correlated with permanent local anthropic disturbance.

Conclusions Methylene violet was the best dye to track the homeopathic complex prepared specifically for this case. Tracking was facilitated by prior magnetic treatment of samples, but anthropic disturbances to the environment seem to interfere with it.
Alzheimer's disease: part 2 – the present
Authors: Nitrini Ricardo
Published: November 2024

Based on my work as a clinical neurologist with more than 50 years of experience in caring for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), I focus, in this review article, on the disease's two fundamental aspects for the doctor: diagnosis and treatment. The 1984 diagnostic criteria had been stable for more than a quarter of a century when it was replaced in 2011. Since then, there have been many discoveries, especially of biomarkers that have a heavy impact on the diagnosis of AD. Recently, AD biomarkers have become available in plasma, which certainly will cause a major change in the diagnosis of biological AD, a term that still needs care and information to society before being used in clinical practice. Three monoclonal antibodies against β-amyloid peptide have also been recently approved, and two of these have shown a small but statistically significant effect on clinical outcome. These monoclonal antibodies have had a greater effect on the reduction of amyloid plaques in the brain assessed by positron emission tomography (PET), and on the concentration of biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (β-amyloid peptide with 42 amino acids and hyperphosphorylated tau protein) than in the neuropsychological and functional assessments. Even this small clinical effect will be encouraging for the development of new research, particularly helped by the greater ease of diagnosis and monitoring of the evolution of AD pathophysiology with plasma biomarkers. Recently, new diagnostic criteria for AD were presented by the Alzheimer's Association, causing controversy about their use in clinical practice.
Weyl laws for interacting particles
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Nhi
Published: November 2024

We study grand-canonical interacting fermionic systems in the mean-field regime, in a trapping potential. We provide the first order term of integrated and pointwise Weyl laws, but in the case with interaction. More precisely, we prove the convergence of the densities of the grand-canonical Hartree-Fock ground state to the Thomas-Fermi ground state in the semiclassical limit ℏ → 0. For the proof, we write the grand-canonical version of the results of Fournais, Lewin, and Solovej [Calculus Var. Partial Differ. Equations 57, 105 (2018)] and Conlon [Commun. Math. Phys. 88, 133 (1983)].
Passive shimming of a 3T cryogen-free animal magnetic resonance imaging superconducting magnet with dense shim tray slots and small residual magnetic force
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Wang Yaohui , Wang Wenchen , Wang Weimin , Liu Jinhao , Zhou Guyue , Chen Haoran , Wang Hui , Chen Shunzhong , Sun Jinshui , Liu Feng
Published: November 2024

Passive shimming is widely used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems due to its excellent efficacy and cost-effectiveness. However, conventional shim tray structures have difficulty in effectively adjusting magnetic field distributions under specific conditions. This limitation can lead to insufficient cancellation of harmonics and result in significant residual forces on the trays, impeding accurate placement of the trays. In this study, instead of using the conventional design of the shim tray slot, we propose a dedicated passive shimming tray tailored for 3T cryogen-free animal MRI superconducting magnets. Passive shimming experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of this novel design, in which we were able to improve the peak-to-peak magnetic field homogeneity within the 180 mm diameter imaging region, reducing peak-to-peak (p–p) variation from 349.35 ppm to 19.08 ppm. Furthermore, the p–p homogeneity of the magnetic field measured at the imaging area with a diameter of spherical volume (DSV) of 160 mm reached 8.67 ppm. In addition, we strictly controlled the residual magnetic force of the shim tray to ensure its accurate placement. The experimental results indicate that the proposed structural optimization method and the residual magnetic force control strategy show potential in high-field MRI instruments requiring high homogeneity and handling of high residual magnetic force.
Integration of fixed-frequency and FM-CW (frequency-modulated continuous-wave) reflectometers for coincident turbulence measurements on LTX-β (Lithium Tokamak eXperiment-β)
Authors: Kubota S. , Lantsov R. , Rhodes T. L. , Banerjee S. , Boyle D. P. , Maan A. , Majeski R.
Published: November 2024

The fixed-frequency and frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FM-CW) reflectometers on LTX-β (Lithium Tokamak eXperiment-β) have been configured to use the same transmission lines and antenna arrays for coincident views of the core and edge plasma. The fixed-frequency channels (13.1–20.5 and 20–40 GHz, tunable between discharges) provide time-resolved measurements of density fluctuations, while the FM-CW channels (13.1–20.2 and 19.5–33.5 GHz) measure the density profile and fluctuations, with high spatial resolution and a sampling rate determined by the frequency sweep interval (5 μs). Data from both reflectometers are synchronously acquired to simultaneously leverage the wide bandwidth and high spatial resolution of the respective systems. Experiments showed that mutual crosstalk interference is momentary and does not diminish the capability of either system. Spectral analysis indicated broad power spectra (several hundreds of kHz) and suggests that the signals from the FM-CW system are consistent with under-sampled fixed-frequency signals. Radial correlations were explored using data from the two reflectometers, as well as from the FM-CW system alone. The core channels showed high levels of agreement between these two comparisons, suggesting that the data from the reflectometers are interchangeable for statistical estimates. For the edge channels, comparisons using data from the FM-CW reflectometer alone showed significant decorrelation due to time lag caused by the finite frequency up-sweep duration. Alternatively, this effect is eliminated when cross-correlating data from the different reflectometers. These results highlight the advantages of operating the fixed-frequency and FM-CW reflectometers in this manner, where the combined system can overcome the limitations of each separate system.