bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Ramifications of Important Proposed Changes to Decision Rules in Three Standrads within ISO and ASME
Authors:   National Institute of Standards and Technology, Shakarji Craig M
Published: March 2022

Decision rules define how measurement uncertainty is used (in conjunction with measured values and specification zones) to make acceptance or rejection decisions of products. Decision rule changes that are being proposed in key standards-some of which are quite likely to be implemented-can have important ramifications to the metrological world. Firstly, this paper seeks to highlight proposed changes to ISO 14253-1, which standardizes the default decision rule for the scope of ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verification. Briefly, the change is a shift from a universally-applied guard band with a magnitude equal to 100 % of the expanded (k = 2) uncertainty to a more general guard band equal to the 95th percentile of the error distribution, which is equivalent (in most cases) to a guard band equal to 82.5 % of the (k = 2) expanded uncertainty. Secondly, this paper seeks to highlight a proposed addition to ASME B89.7.3.1, a standard dealing with decision rules. The proposal-presented at a recent B89.7 meeting-could lead to an additional definition of an extended 4:1 simple acceptance/rejection decision rule that allows for acceptance and rejection decisions in some cases when 4:1 is not met, yet the measured value is sufficiently far from the specification limit such that the risk probability is no greater than that implied by the conventional 4:1 rule. Finally, this paper seeks to highlight a proposal from a joint working group between ASME B89 and Y14.5, to be made at the design stage, that can influence decision rule requirements, based on a designer's need to mitigate the risk of potential pass errors. The proposed design requirement would not explicitly state the decision rule but would limit the maximum probable error and hence constrain a metrologist's choice of decision rules. While the authors-who are members of these standards bodies-view these proposed changes as generally favorable, the metrology community should be well aware of the implications of these proposed changes and have appropriate means for feedback into these standards setting organizations at this stage of development.
New Developed Technique and Methods to Manage the Measurement Risk and the Sampling
Authors:   Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Tsuru Teruhisa
Published: March 2022

Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Produces many kinds of electronic products in very large quantities. We utilize the management technique and methods for the measurement of risk in the inspection process to guarantee products produced in large quantities. AQL(Acceptable Quality Level)was used in production as general sampling technique, but there was some weakness that could not guarantee consumer's risk in the lot. To improve the weak points, we used LTPD(Lot Tolerance Percent Defective)which could guarantee consumer's risk in the lot. However, when we used LTPD, the sample size required was for more than 10 times from the number of AQL. To solve this problem, the new sampling technique and methods were developed to allow a decrease in the number of the samples for the AQL's. It also allows to reduce the probability, in which the consumer's risk of the lot is greater than the designated consumer's risk, less than 37.5ppm.In this paper, we explain the detailed contents (including a program and the risk calculation technique) of the new sampling technique and methods that we developed
Measurement Report: Real-Time Remote Sensing of the Coastal Boundary Layer and its Interaction with Meteorology at Cape Grim, Australia
Authors: Chen Zhenyi , Schofield Robyn , Keywood Melita , Cleland Sam , Williams Alastair G. , Griffiths Alan , Wilson Stephen , Rayner Peter , Shu Xiaowen
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Despite considerable efforts during the last decade, real-time characterization of the marine boundary layer and aerosol optical properties over the Southern Ocean remains scarce. We conducted simultaneous measurements of the marine boundary layer utilizing a synergy of remote sensing technology at the Baseline Air Pollution Station at Cape Grim in northwestern Tasmania, Australia, from 14 May to 16 July 2019. Aerosol optical properties were monitored by lidar (miniMPL) and a ceilometer to identify the boundary layer height, and sodar provided wind profiles to investigate their influences on the layer evolution. Boundary layer heights simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were also employed for comparison purposes. Through complementary analyses of three cases representing different source influences (marine, sea breeze and continental), this paper evaluates two algorithms (Image Edge Detection Algorithm (IEDA) and gradient method) for boundary layer height detection and examines the vertical aerosol distribution within the boundary layer at Cape Grim with an emphasis on the contributions of regional and local meteorology. We found IEDA generally performed better than the gradient method, especially during the marine-flow-influenced period with a convective layer structure. Different features of boundary layer structures in three episodes, including differential boundary layer growth and interaction with wind evolutionary processes were investigated. One was characterized by a diurnal variation with a boundary layer height of approximately 0.2–0.5 km, associated with the veering of the wind vector within the marine boundary layer during the development of a sea breeze. The other showed a thermally stable layer below 0.3 km with an enhanced extinction coefficient and linear depolarization ratio under the influence of continental sources, which was also validated by the observation from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite. The increasing extinction coefficient and depolarization ratio with wind speeds may be attributed to the increased wet sea salt production and regional transportation from mainland Australia.
Ecosystem impacts of marine heat waves in the Northeast Pacific
Authors: Wyatt Abigale , Resplandy Laure , Marchetti Adrian
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are a recurrent phenomenon in the Northeast Pacific that impact regional ecosystems and are expected to intensify in the future. These events, including the 2014–2015 “warm blob,” are associated with widespread surface nutrient declines across the subpolar Alaskan Gyre (AG) extending south into the North Pacific Transition Zone (NPTZ) with reduced chlorophyll concentrations confined to the NPTZ only. Here we explain the contrast between these two regions using a coupled global ocean-biogeochemical model (MOM6-COBALT) with Argo float and ship-based observations to investigate how the MHWs influence the productivity of the two primary phytoplankton size classes (large > 10 μm, small < 10 μm) and the subsequent ecosystem response. Differences in seasonal iron and nitrate limitations between the AG and NPTZ explain the differences in ecosystem response to MHWs between the two biomes. The reduced nutrient supply during MHWs most strongly influences large phytoplankton in the NPTZ (-13 % annually), whereas it has a limited impact on the climatologically iron-limited large phytoplankton population in the AG (-2 %). Contrastingly, we find that MHWs yield a springtime increase in small phytoplankton population in both regions due to shallow mixed layers and lower light limitation. These primary production anomalies modify the allometric phytoplankton distribution, resulting in a 2 % decrease in the ratio of large to small phytoplankton in both regions. This shift in the assemblage towards small phytoplankton production is associated with reduced secondary and export production especially in the NPTZ.
Temperature forecasting by deep learning methods
Authors: Gong Bing , Langguth Michael , Ji Yan , Mozaffari Amirpasha , Stadtler Scarlet , Mache Karim , Schultz Martin G.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models solve a system of partial differential equations based on physical laws to forecast the future state of the atmosphere. These models are deployed operationally, but they are computationally very expensive. Recently, the potential of deep neural networks to generate bespoken weather forecasts has been explored in a couple of scientific studies inspired by the success of video frame prediction models in computer vision. In this study, a simple recurrent neural network with convolutional filters, called ConvLSTM, and an advanced generative network, the Stochastic Adversarial Video Prediction (SAVP) model, are applied to create hourly forecasts of the 2 m temperature for the next 12 hours over Europe. We make use of 13 years of data from the ERA5 reanalysis, of which 11 years are utilized for training and one year each is used for validating and testing. We choose the 2 m temperature, total cloud cover and the 850 hPa temperature as predictors and show that both models attain predictive skill by outperforming persistence forecasts. SAVP is superior to ConvLSTM in terms of several evaluation metrics, confirming previous results from computer vision that larger, more complex networks are better suited to learn complex features and to generate better predictions. The 12-hour forecasts of SAVP attain a mean squared error (MSE) of about 2.3 K2, an anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) larger than 0.85, a Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) of around 0.72, and a gradient ratio (rG) of about 0.82. The ConvLSTM yields a higher MSE (3.6 K2), a smaller ACC (0.80), and SSIM (0.65), but a slightly larger rG (0.84). The superior performance of SAVP in terms of MSE, ACC, and SSIM can be largely attributed to the generator. A sensitivity study shows that a larger weight of the GAN component in the SAVP loss leads to even better preservation of spatial variability at the cost of a somewhat increased MSE (2.5 K2). Including the 850 hPa temperature as an additional predictor enhances the forecast quality and the model also benefits from a larger spatial domain. By contrast, adding the total cloud cover as predictor or reducing the amount of training data to eight years has only small effects. Although the temperature forecasts obtained in this way are still less powerful than contemporary NWP models, this study demonstrates that sophisticated deep neural networks may achieve considerable forecast quality beyond the nowcasting range in a purely data-driven way.
Hazard Assessment of Earthquake-Induced Landslides Based on a Mechanical Slope Unit Extraction Method, A Case in Ghana
Authors: Buah Peter Antwi , Zhang Yingbin , Yu Pengcheng , Fu Haiying , Zhou Mingzhe , Wang Qingdong , Liu Jing
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Slope unit extraction is integral to earthquake-induced landslide analysis. The conventional watershed and hydrological slope unit extraction methods are precarious with a sudden change in slope gradient along the flow direction, which result in slope unit heterogeneity, conjoint slopes, and boundary defects of the extracted slope unit. This paper addresses this research gap by proposing a mechanical slope unit extraction method that combines watershed points, hydrological, and segmentation methods. This proposed method defines a slope unit as a closed homogeneous space of points overlaid by a mesh having a variance in the slope gradient along its flow direction. The method extracts and uses 3D points to solve slope heterogeneity defects associated with the conventional watershed methods, segmentation to solve boundary defects, and considers the slope pattern and incident ray at a depth to estimate the possibility of earthquake-induced landslides. Ghana (West Africa) is selected to test the proposed slope unit extraction method. The result shows that the method overcame boundary problems, heterogeneity, sudden gradient change, and conjoint slope unit defects associated with the conventional watershed and hydrological method and shows a uniform slope unit for landslide analysis in Ghana. The landslide prediction rate of Ghana also presents 70.9 % landslide inventory, giving an estimated threshold displacement of 9 cm.
Fortnight conditioning of historical data to improve short-term precipitation predictions
Authors: Hirata Yoshito , Yamada Yoshinori
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The effects of changes in weather variables, including precipitation dependence on the days-of-the-week, have known applications in weather predictions. However, the use of these effects to improve weather forecasting has not been determined. Here we investigate if conditioning past data somehow by considering the days-of-the-week helps us to obtain the better short-term time series prediction for precipitation. Especially, we demonstrate that short-term time series prediction of precipitation up to 2 h ahead can be improved using the data points of the days whose differences from the current day are multiples of 14. For short-term predictions, we employ infinite-dimensional delay coordinates (Hirata et al., Sci. Rep. 5, 15736, 2015) to reconstruct the underlying dynamics. Although the results demonstrate that the two-week periodicity seems to exist in the weather at Tokyo, and thus some anthropogenic activities could influence weather, the mechanism of the influence remains unclear.
Gradient-Based Wind Farm Layout Optimization Results Compared with Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Thomas Jared J. , Bay Christopher J. , Stanley Andrew P. J. , Ning Andrew
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The physics models commonly used during wind farm layout optimization include simplifying assumptions that can alter the design space compared to reality and higher-fidelity simulations. Some characteristics of these simple models may negatively influence the resulting layouts. In this paper, we perform wind farm layout optimization using a simple engineering wake model and then simulate the base and optimized layouts using large-eddy simulation (LES) to confirm that the layout was actually improved and not just an artifact of the simplifying assumptions in the low-fidelity wind farm simulation. We begin by describing the physics models used, including changes specific for use with gradient-based optimization. We then compare the simple model's output to previously published model and LES results. Using the simple models described, we performed gradient-based wind farm layout optimization using exact gradients. We optimized the wind farm twice, with high- and low-turbulence intensity (TI), respectively. We then recalculated annual energy production (AEP) using LES for the original and optimized layouts in each TI scenario and compared the results. For the high-TI case, the simple model predicted an AEP improvement of 7.7 %, while the LES reported 9.3 %. For the low-TI case, the simple model predicted a 10.0 % AEP improvement, while the LES reported 10.7 %. We concluded that the improvements found by optimizing with the simple model are not just an artifact of the model, but are real improvements assuming appropriate wind rose fidelity. We also found that the optimization did take advantage of the number of wind directions used, often aligning wind turbines in directions that were not included in the simulation. We found that, for the case studied, at least 50 wind directions are needed to avoid having the number of wind directions in the optimization significantly impact the optimized results. Future work should investigate further LES comparisons and wind rose fidelity in wind speed.
Peran Guru dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Setiowati  , Kurnia Budi , Christine Sri Erwini
Published: March 2022

Pendidikan adalah bidang pengabdian terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, bangsa, dan negara untu membentuk manusia Indonesia seutuhnya yang berjiwa pancasila. Permasalahan terbesar bangsa Indonesia saat ini adalah di masa pandemi covid-19 di tengah-tengah masyarakat, sebagai akibat dari terjadinya perubahan lingkungan global yang melanda hampir seluruh bangsa di Dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan: pelaksanaan pembelajaran secara daring di SDN Cikundul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, dan wawancara. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi yaitu melalui pengecekan terhadap informasi hasil wawancara dengan dokumentasi dan observasi agar hasil penelitian dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran secara daring di SDN Cikundul dilaksanakan melalui: (1) persiapan sebelum belajar secara daring, (2) proses pembelajaran secara daring, (3) setelah selesai pembelajaran secara daring, (4) Laporan tugas mandiri, (5) pembelajaran rutin mingguan, (6) pembelajaran rutin mingguan yang dilaksanakan di SDN Cikundul mampu mewujudkannya kerja sama antara orang tua, guru dan masyarakat dalam mengimplementasikan pembelajaran secara daring sebagai berikut: (1) waktu pembelajaran  - seminggu enam hari, (2) pembelajaran tematik - hari senin s.d jumat, sedangkan hari sabtu untuk kegiatan ekstrakulikuler, (3) jadwal pelajaran masa pandemi kelas satu sampai dengan kelas enam, pelaksanaan pada jam pertama dengan penanaman karakter dan dilanjutkan materi tematik, (4) kegiatan mulok yaitu pencak silat,  dan (5) ekstrakulikuler pramuka, dan dukter kecil, (6) tenaga pendidik - guru kelas dan guru bidang styudi, (6) Guru bidang Studi – penjas, agama, pencak silat.
A proposal for teaching statistics in a class of ninth year of elementary school with r-commander software
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Pio de Almeida Luís , Branco Mancuso Aline ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Neves Nunes Luciana ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: March 2022

Several studies are being carried out in the Mathematic teaching area that indicating the need to introduce statistical concepts to increase the educational gains and improved training of students. In this context, this work shows a proposed activity for elementary school students. The main objective of this study was to plan and implement a didactic sequence, involving the use of R- Commander program to stimulate students interest and the understanding of statistical concepts. In terms of methodology, the maid research is classified as a case study in a public school in Porto Alegre (RS, Brazil), with a class of 25 ninth graders of elementary school. This proposal was planned to focus on research and followed the concepts of Mathematical Modeling. Data analysis was based on the principles of Statistics Teaching. From the results it was possible to observe that the Mathematical Modeling combined with the use of R-Commander was a favorable combination for a good approach to Statistics teaching. The Mathematical Modeling, which was based this proposal, allowed students to think about reality through unforeseen situations that made possible the living of actual experiences. The software, much more than a simple tool was capable of breaking the static and monotonous view of some concepts, providing a dynamic and enabling students to further reflection on the concepts studied. The didactic proposal was able to arouse the interest and curiosity of the students and encouraged them to move. Students who previously showed apathetic in Mathematics classes were put on the move in search of the issues raised. Therefore it was observed that work with Mathematical Modeling in a research environment is a good alternative to overcome the limitation of lack of teaching statistical in primary school.
Statistics education in evening high school from a field research practice
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Müller Daniel , Neves Nunes Luciana ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: March 2022

The poster to be presented is based on a field research practical activity developed with an evening secondary class in a public school located in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul. This activity is part of a professional master's research developed for the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Matemática, from UFRGS (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). The main objective is to stimulate the learning of statistical concepts through research practice with residents of the city where the school is located. All the procedure included the students as the main characters, having the teacher as a mediator.
Development of a statistics calculator for descriptive analysis of database
Authors:   Universidade de Cruz Alta, Figueiró Michele , Chicon Patricia ,   Universidade de Cruz Alta, Paschoal Leo ,   Universidade de Cruz Alta
Published: March 2022

The advancement of technologies of information and communication has motivated the development of the most different and innovative manners of propagating knowledge through the Web. The teaching-learning process must be designed in such a way as to allow a perfect integration between technological tools and learning actions used in education. In this work, we have developed a statistics calculator for webpage with the purpose of performing the descriptive analysis of database. The web programming language used to develop this calculator was PHP together with other web languages, such as HTML, CSS and JavaScript. This web application is going to be an important tool to help both our undergraduate and graduate students as professors in their statistics lectures or in the data analysis of their research projects. The descriptive analysis is the initial part of the data analysis used to describe, organize and summarize the collected data (Larson & Farber, 2003). Before performing the descriptive analysis is necessary to classify variables as qualitative and quantitative. In our case, we are interested in calculating the measures of location and the measures of dispersion of the quantitative variables. The measures of location calculated are minimum, maximum, mode, mean, and percentiles. The measures of dispersion calculated are range, interquartile range, variance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. In the main window page of the statistics calculator, the sequence of data should be typed manually or imported from a text file (txt extension). Therefore, it is possible that the web application calculates the measures of position and the measure of dispersion of this database. These results are displayed in html format and the print of this content can be also requested. A test of the white-box type (Pressman, 2010) was done to validate the source code of the web application in order to evaluate its internal structures and to repair some found semantic errors.
Extension of a 2018 sample-based study on the level of awareness regarding big data in the statistics community of pakistan
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Kinnaird College For Women, Habibullah Saleha
Published: March 2022

Whereas statisticians of advanced countries are developing new methodologies to trends inherent in extremely large data sets, the statistics communities of developing countries are deficient in this regard. In the year 2018, a sample survey was carried out in Pakistan to ascertain the level of awareness regarding big data among academics and practitioners of statistics in the country. The survey revealed that, for many terms related to big data, there did not exist much awareness among the statisticians of the country. This paper extends the 2018 study in terms of coverage, scope and depth of analysis. Results of the extended survey seem to confirm the findings of the previous year indicating that there is a need for multi-pronged strategies to create awareness in the statistical community of Pakistan regarding big data and its role in evidence-based decision-making conducive to development and progress of the country.
Documenting the gender gap in Indian Wikipedia communities: Findings from a qualitative pilot study
Authors: Chakraborty Anwesha , Hussain Netha
Published: March 2022

This article presents a pilot study to address the issue of gender gap in participation on Wikipedia in India. We carried out semi-structured interviews with 16 Wikipedians across various linguistic communities using the snowball sampling technique. The responses corroborated with the existing literature on gender gap in Wikipedia with respect to issues of Internet access, lack of discretionary time, psychological barriers and institutional harassment. The personal narratives also revealed unique problems faced by Indian women which relate to existing socio-cultural norms creating barriers for participation by women. Our findings show that the limits to accessing the Internet and technological devices are experienced by women irrespective of their educational degrees and technical skills, because of the patriarchal mindset that pervades both at home and in the society at large.
Does the rising tide of OER lift all boats?
Authors: Vander Weerdt Candice
Published: March 2022

While open education resources (OER) have grown in popularity over the last few years, few researchers have considered the benefits of OER adoption beyond direct student benefits. Stakeholder theory argues there is merit in identifying value for several interconnected groups, in this context the institution and instructors. Using a quasi-experimental research design, I evaluated the effect of OER adoption on instructor benefits and institutional rewards, as well as multiple student outcomes. I found student satisfaction, perceptions of quality, and academic integrity were significantly related to OER adoption. While relationships to the other outcomes, notably of direct instructor benefits, were not supported. These findings reveal the benefits of OER adoption are not realized for all stakeholders.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROM DENGAN UPAYA MENGATASI PREMENTRUAL SYNDROM PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI RW 1 DESA KLUNJUKAN, KECAMATAN SRAGI, KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Widyah Setiyowati  , Titik Kurniawati  , Mei Nursaroh
Published: March 2022

Masalah kesehatan reproduksi merupakan masalah yang kompleks sehingga memerlukan penanganan secara intensif dan terkoordinasi baik secara lintas program, lintas sektor maupun lintas disiplin ilmu memperhatikan sosial budaya. Salah satunya adalah masalah reproduksi pada remaja. Menurut suatu penelitian, sekitar 40% wanita berusia 14-50 tahun mengalami premenstrual syndrome. Dalam suatu penelitian terhadap 384 jiwa wanita yang berusia 15 tahun melaporkan bahwa mereka yang mengalami premenstrual syndrome sebanyak 14%. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) merupakan gangguan siklus yang umum terjadi pada wanita muda pertengahan, ditandai dengan gejala fisik dan emosional yang konsisten. Gejala dapat diperkirakan dan biasanya terjadi secara regular pada 7-14 hari sebelum menstruasi dan akan mengilang pada saat menstruasi. Pengetahuan remaja tentang perubahan yang terjadi secara fisik, kejiwaan, dan kematangan seksual akan memudahkan remaja untuk memahami serta mengatasi berbagai keadaan yang membingungkannya. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan premenstrual syndrom dengan upaya mengatasi premenstrual syndrom pada remaja putri di Desa Klunjukan RW 01, Kecamatan Sragi, Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian ini termasuk penilitian bidang ilmu kebidanan dalam melaksanakan pelayanan kebidanan pada remaja. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 36 remaja putri sedangkan sampel yang diambil dengan tehnik total sampling pada keseluruhan populasi. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dengan kuesioner dan data sekunder. Tingkat pengetahuan remaja tentang premenstrual syndrome termasuk kategori cukup 63,9%. perilaku mengatasi premenstrual syndrom termasuk dalam kategori tidak ada upaya sebanyak 94,4%. Hasil analisis bivariat diperoleh hasil p value sebesar 0,283, (0,283>0,05), maka tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan premenstrual syndrome dengan upaya mengatasi premenstrual syndrome pada remaja putri di Desa Klunjukan RW 01, Kecamatan Sragi, Kabupaten pekalongan. Saran diberikan pada remaja putri agar meningkatkan pengetahuan dan upaya mengatasi premenstrual syndrom sehingga meningkatkan derajat kesehatan reproduksinya.
ANALISIS KUALITAS TIDUR BAYI YANG DILAKUKAN PEMIJATAN DI RIU MOM & BABY SPA SUKOHARJO PATI
Authors: Sifa Altika  , Siti Ni’amah
Published: March 2022

Kualitas tidur bayi dikatakan kurang jika bayi mengalami gangguan tidur jika pada malam hari tidurnya kurang dari 9 jam, terbangun lebih dari 3 kali dan lama terbangunnya lebih dari 1 jam. Selama tidur bayi terlihat selalu rewel, menangis dan sulit tidur kembali. Pijat bayi menyatakan bahwa bayi akan lebih merasa nyaman, tidak mudah rewel dan akan mudah tidur serta nafsu makan bertambah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pijat bayi dengan kualitus tidur. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey analitik dengan sampel sebanyak 30 responden. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kualitas Tidur Pada Bayi yang melakukan pijat baik 18 orang (60,0%), kualitas tidur cukup 9 orang (30,0%), sedangkan kualitas tidur kurang 3 orang (10,0%). Pijat bayi dapat mempengaruhi keluarnya hormone tidur (melatonin), dimana dengan hormone tersebut bayi dapat memiliki pola tidur yang teratur. Berdasarkan hasil dan kesimpulan penelitian terkait kualitas tidur bayi, sehingga dapat disarankan perlu adanya penyebaran/ infomasi kepada ibu terkait dengan pijat bayi, serta ibu bayi dapat melakukan dan menerapkan teknik pijat bayi secara mandiri dan untuk selanjutnya dapat dilakukan pengembangan penelitian terkait analisis status melatonin pada bayi yang melakukan pemijatan
PERBEDAAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR BAYI PADA IBU HAMIL KEKURANGAN ENERGI KRONIK (KEK) DAN IBU HAMIL ANEMIA DI PUSKESMAS MLONGGO
Authors: Lailatul Mustaghfiroh  , Intan Pradina Virna Faradila  , Devi Rosita
Published: March 2022

Latar belakang Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) di Jawa Tengah tahun 2017 cukup tinggi yaitu dari 8,9 / 1000 kelahiran hidup dan BBLR menjadi salah satu penyebabnya. Kejadian BBLR dipengaruhi beberapa faktor diantaranya ibu hamil yang Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) dan anemia, data Dinas Kabupaten Jepara tahun 2017 didapatkan bahwa jumlah BBLR di Kanupaten Jepara sebanyak 567 bayi dan Puskesmas Mlonggo memiliki jumlah BBLR terbanyak yaitu 49 kasus. . Tujuan penelitian ini untuk Mengetahui perbedaan berat badan lahir bayi pada ibu hamil Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) dan ibu hamil anemia di Puskesmas Mlonggo Kabupaten Jepara. Metode penelitian ini adalah analitik korelatif, dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu bersalin di Puskesmas Mlonggo Kabupaten Jepara dengan teknik sampling purposive sampling sehingga didapatkan responden 56 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian dengan lembar observasi, analisa data menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan uji Mann-Whitney Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bayi berat badan lahir pada ibu hamil yang mengalami Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) didapatkan mayoritas normal sebanyak 18 responden (64,3%), bayi berat badan lahir pada ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia didapat mayoritas BBLR sebanyak 23 responden (82,1%). Simpulan terdapat perbedaan berat badan lahir bayi pada ibu hamil Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) dan ibu hamil anemia di Puskesmas Mlonggo Kabupaten Jepara (ρ value < 0,05 = 0,003), diharapkan Puskesmas/ Pemerintah dalam memberikan memberikan tablet Fe dan biskuit pada ibu hamil KEK dan anemia pada saat periksa hamil dan kelas ibu hamil baik secara individu maupun kelompok.
TERAPI KOMPLEMENTER DALAM MENGATASI ISPA PADA IBU YANG MEMILIKI BALITA DI DUSUN SETAN DESA MAGUWOHARJO, KELURAHAN DEPOK, KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Ester Ratnaningsih  , Nita Ivana Benggu
Published: March 2022

Terapi komplementer merupakan pelayanan pengobatan dengan menggunakan cara, alat, atau bahan yang tidak termasuk dalam standar pengobatan konvensional sebagai pelengkap pengobatan konvensional. Saat ini masyarakat lebih memilih terapi komplementer dalam mengatasi masalah kesehatan termasuk salah satunya ISPA pada balita. Terapi komplementer untuk mengatasi ISPA pada balita antara lain dengan terapi pijat, terapi uap dan pengobatan farmakologi jamu (larutan jahe dan jeruk nipis). Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penggunaan terapi komplementer dalam mengatasi ISPA pada balita di Dukuh Setan, Maguwoharjo, Kabupaten Sleman. Desain penelitian deskriptif, dengan teknik pengambilan convenience sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada tanggal 22- 31 Desember 2019. Hasil penelitian dari 32 responden, menunjukkan sebanyak 81,2% responden menggunakan terapi komplementer saat balita mengalami ISPA, dengan pemilihan terapi terbanyak adalah terapi pijat secara tunggal sebesar 25 % dan secara kombinasi sebesar 73, 1 %. Cara penggunaan terapi komplementer tidak ada aturan yang pasti, hanya ketika balita mengalami ISPA diberikan sesuai kebutuhan hingga sembuh. Mayoritas alasan menggunakan terapi komplementer adalah faktor turun temurun dalam keluarga sebanyak 42,3 %. Diharapkan bagi peneliti selanjutnya menggunakan desain kualitatif untuk mengkaji lebih dalam penggunaan terapi komplementer dalam mengatasi ISPA di masyarakat.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TERHADAP PEMERIKSAAN VCT HIV PADA WANITA PEKERJA SEKS DIWILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS DUREN BANDUNGAN
Authors: Putri Rahma Dini  , Lista Irna
Published: March 2022

Layanan kesehatan yang pertama dalam pencegahan penularan HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) adalah layanan VCT (Voluntary Counseling and Testing). Pendidikan kesehatan tentang HIV/AIDS merupakan kebutuhan di Indonesia. Sikap positif kecenderungan tindakan adalah mendukung dalam pemeriksaan VCT. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectiona. Populasi penelitian ini adalah wanita pekerja seks di wilayah kerja puskesmas Duren Bandungan dengan jumlah sampel 72, dengan menggunakan teknik sampling random. Alat pengumpul data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan HIV/AIDS dan sikap terhadap pemeriksaan VCT HIV pada wanita pekerja seks. Uji analisis data menggunakan fisher exact. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pada kategori pengetahuan baik sebesar 73,6 %, sikap positif sebesar 77,8 %. Uji statistik didapatkan hasil ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap pemeriksaan VCT HIV pada wanita pekerja seks di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Duren Bandungan (p value = 0,001) < α (0,05).
HUBUNGAN PIJAT BAYI DENGAN KENAIKAN BERAT BADAN PADA BAYI USIA 1 – 6 BULAN DI RIU MOM KIDS AND BABY SPA DI SUKOHARJO PATI
Authors: Nopri Padma Nudesti  , Heni Setiyowati
Published: March 2022

Pijat bayi adalah kegiatan memberikan stimulasi atau urutan kepada bayi dengan sentuhan, gerak, ditambahi dengan stimulasi pendengaran dan juga stimulasi visual yang dapat meningkatkan berat badan bayi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pijat bayi dengan kenaikan berat badan bayi pada bayi usia 1-6 bulan di Riu Mom Kids And Baby SPA di Sukoharjo Pati. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dan menggunakn metode cross sectional. Tekhnik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan pijat bayi dengan kenaikan berat badan pada bayi usia 1-6 bulan di Riu Mom Kids And Baby SPA di Sukoharjo Pati dengan nilai p value 0,019 < 0,05. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah ada hubungan pijat bayi dengan kenaikan berat badan pada bayi usia 1-6 bulan di Riu Mom Kids And Baby SPA di Sukoharjo Pati.
Tbilisi Through Time
Authors: Tsitsagi Mariam , Kharebava Nino , Nikolaishvili Dali , Kupatadze Ia , Gadrani Lela
Published: March 2022

Ancient cities have witnessed many changes throughout their long history. These changes have different underlying causes in different regions of the world. This paper discusses the urban sprawl of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, mainly from the beginning of the 19th century to 2020. Through analysis of historical materials, city plans, and old maps, layers of Tbilisi urban sprawl were created using ArcMap 10.8. Images of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI have been used to assess changes over the last 30 years. We compared the obtained data with the census data conducted during the study period, reconstructed the current social, political, and economic situation using historical sources, and finally determined in which period the urban expansion took place, the reasons for it, and how this expansion affected the natural and social environments of the city.
Differences in Survival Rates of HIV Patients with Pulmonary TB and Extra Pulmonary TB at General Hospital Haji Adam Malik in 2015-2018
Authors: Arini Harahap Taya Rizki , Kembaren Tambar , Sembiring Endang
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The number of TB cases in Indonesia was increasing and it is estimated that one in five is extrapulmonary TB, is believed that there is a high mortality rate for extrapulmonary TB.
Aim: To assess difference in survival rates of HIV patients with pulmonary TB and extra pulmonary TB.
Results: Based on Fisher's Exact test, it was found that there was no statistical difference survival rates of HIV patients with pulmonary TB and extra-pulmonary TB at H. Adam Malik Hospital in 2015-2018 (p=0.303). The mean survival of HIV patients with extrapulmonary TB was 4.3; and pulmonary TB patients was 3.5. Overall mean survival is 4.5 years. It was concluded that HIV patients with pulmonary TB was 1.21 times more likely to die than HIV patients with extrapulmonary TB (HR: 1.21; 95% CI 0.76-1.92).
Conclusion: HIV patients with pulmonary TB had a lower survival rate than HIV patients with extrapulmonary TB but it was not statistically significant. The 50% survival rate for HIV patients with extrapulmonary TB is 4.3 years and for pulmonary TB is 3.5 years

Keywords: HIV, co-infection, pulmonary TB, extrapulmonary TB, survival rates
Endometriosis: a global health issue
Authors: Abid Maimoona , Fatima Mahin , Amir Muniba
Published: March 2022

An often neglected or overlooked issue, endometriosis affects a large segment of the global female population, resulting not only in morbidity of varying extent, but also contributing to infertility. This editorial raises awareness about the issue and emphasizes the roles of public awareness campaigns supported by modern medical and gynaecological aids to diagnosis and treatment.

The authors declared no conflict of interest. All authors contributed substantially to the selection of topic, literature search, and write-up of the editorial, and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Exposure to second hand smoke: a survey of pregnant women visiting tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar
Authors: Fatima Momal , Abdullah Khadija Nowaira , Rahman Momina , Bangash Parivash , Rasheed Mashal , Shabir Nayab , Nishat Neelofer
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Second hand smoke (SHS) is reported to cause 890,000 deaths annually worldwide. It is also a known cause of serious complications in pregnancy. The current study intends to fill in some of the knowledge gap for further research & effective public health interventions.

Objective: To estimate the magnitude of exposure to second hand smoke and assess awareness about it among pregnant women visiting four selected tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.

Materials & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at four tertiary hospitals of Peshawar from 1st January to 1st March 2018. Non-probability serial sample of 410 pregnant women was taken. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed for descriptive statistics using SPSS version 22.

Results: A total of 410 pregnant women were included. The mean age was 21 + 4 years; 149 (36.3%) of the total subjects were exposed to SHS, highest frequency (49%) being in age group 26-35 years. Exposure to SHS was highest (39%) among illiterate ladies; 92% of the subjects were exposed to SHS at home, the main source being their husbands (46%); 40.7% of the subjects were aware of the adverse effects of SHS on fetus, younger (p=0.01) & more educated women (p=0.001) being more likely to be aware.

Conclusions: Exposure of pregnant women to second hand smoke is a public health concern in Peshawar, being more likely among younger, less educated, unaware women, and housewives.
Glomus tumour of the hand: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Khan Salma , Abbasi Hussain Jan , Rehman Atiq Ur
Published: March 2022

Glomus tumours are uncommon benign lesions, constituting 1-5% of all soft tissue neoplasia of the hands. It was first described in 1812 by Wood as painful subcutaneous nodules. The most common site for this tumour is subungual region and affects females more frequently than males.  It commonly presents as pain and pinpoint tenderness and cold sensitivity.

Being a rare tumour, its diagnosis is often delayed and cause undue anxiety to the patients. We present a case a of left index finger glomus tumour, which remained undiagnosed for many years, after being seen by multiple clinicians.
The Diachronic Change of the Practice of Iftā’
Authors: Yakar Emine Enise
Published: March 2022

The connection between Islamic legal methodologies and practice in the development of Islamic law has been made by the practice of iftā’. Governmental and non-governmental religious institutions, along with individual Muslim scholars, emerged as the sources of legal authority. Although the origin of the practice of iftā’ can be traced back to the time of the Prophet Muḥammad (peace be on him), its nature has changed from individual to collective in the modern age. The contemporary Muslim world has witnessed a rapid proliferation of modern religious institutions of fatwās, which significantly contributed to the dynamism of Islamic law and the regulation of local and regional practices. The practice of iftā’ can be described as a legal formulation produced during the consultation process between a lay Muslim and a Muslim scholar. The product of iftā’ is known as fatwā, which is an Islamic legal opinion that Muslim scholars issue to clarify a legal problem that Muslims face. Since the twentieth century, the practice of iftā’ has begun to be assumed by modern religious institutions. This institutionalization process resulted in the practice of collective iftā’. Contrary to scholars who allege the immutability of Islamic legal methodologies, this change can be interpreted as demonstrating the progressive dimension of Islamic law within the area of legal theories and methodologies. The paper seeks to examine the diachronic transformation of fatwā and explores the driving factors behind the instrumentalization of collective fatwā. After giving a detailed terminological definition of fatwā, the research introduces the differences between fatwā (Islamic legal opinion) and ḥukm (court verdict) to forestall any terminological complexity. The diachronic process is then addressed by referring to key turning points that evidence the transformation of the practice of iftā’ from individual to collective. In the last instance, public, state, and collective fatwās are engaged to adduce the diversification within the end-products of the practice of iftā’.
The Development of Nūrbakhshī Sufi Order in Gilgit-Baltistan
Authors: Abbas Mohsin , Ahmad Mujeeb
Published: March 2022

Islam came to Gilgit-Baltistan with various invaders and missionaries from adjacent neighbouring regions but there is a lack of historical and archaeological evidence for the presence of Islam in the region before the late fourteenth century CE. The Kubravī-Hamadānī Sufi order laid the foundation of Islam in Gilgit-Baltistan. This legacy was further carried on by the Nūrbakhshī Sufi order, which is the focus of the present study. This Sufi order, independent of Shī‘īs and Sunnis, was founded in the fifteenth century by Mīr Nūrbakhsh, who tried to overcome the schism of the Muslim community by reconciling the teachings of Sunnis and Shī‘īs. The paper examines the origin and development of the Nūrbakhshī order through centuries in Gilgit-Baltistan, after briefly discussing its history in Persia and Kashmir. The Nūrbakhshī order retains its centuries-old sectarian identity despite hundred-year massive missionary efforts of both Shī‘īs and Sunnis.
St. John the Baptist Church through the Years: Demystifying Albay’s Icon of Faith and Heritage
Authors: Besmonte Edgardo , Barce Imelda Asuncion , Militante Cristina , Villanueva Jed
Published: March 2022

This paper profiled the St. John the Baptist Church in Camalig, Albay, and Tabaco City, Philippines. It assessed the church’s cultural significance as well as the threats, issues, and constraints. This qualitative research adopted the cultural mapping approach of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA). It employed ethnography, historiography, and participant observation as methods in cultural mapping. Braun and Clarke’s phases of thematic analysis were applied to reveal the inherent cultural significance. Further, the assessment of cultural significance was based on the Four Fields Value of Important Cultural Property. Findings revealed that St. John the Baptist Church both in Camalig, Albay, and Tabaco City possessed historical, aesthetic, and religious attributes that made the heritage structure profoundly valuable. However, natural calamities and funds for church restoration are the issues or constraints facing the church. This paper recommends that a conservation management plan that will focus on the restoration guidelines, conservation measures, and heritage protection must be adopted to fully protect the St. John the Baptist Church in Camalig, Albay, and Tabaco City. Moreover, the local government unit should conduct a risk assessment and update the hazard plans to mitigate the possible impacts of natural calamities on these heritage churches.
Vietnam’s Perception and Response to the Emerging Indo-Pacific Regional Security Architecture
Authors: Do Khuong Manh Linh
Published: March 2022

With the rising of the two emerging great power - China and India, the "Indo-Pacific" has already possessed the fundamental conditions of the regional security complex, while the United States as the hegemonic state intervenes in security affairs which takes advantage of characteristics of the identity structure and power structure of regional security complexes by penetration mechanism. Buzan's theory has shown us the contour of the emerging security architecture in the Indo-Pacific region. After applying the regional security complex theory to analyze the security of the region, this article analyzes Vietnam’s perception and response to the emerging Indo-Pacific security architecture. The article points out that the perception of regional security structure expressed through foreign policy adjustment can be basically divided into two layers: regional and extra-regional. In which the regional layer with the focus on ASEAN; and the extra-regional is ASEAN-centered multilateral groups. Since then, Vietnam has tried to incorporate its foreign policy calculations into the multilateral and multi-dimensional Indo-Pacific agenda. Vietnam's response manifests itself mainly in strengthening economic and trade cooperation with China, deepening security cooperation with the US and its network of allies, and with the help of the power of ASEAN to restrain the US and China. In addition, with its favorable geographical position and strong rise in recent years, Vietnam expects India to become an indispensable "security supplier" and an indispensable "balancing force" in Indo-Pacific regional security architecture.