bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los síndromes ansiosos y depresivos como timopatías
Authors: Zegers Otto Dörr
Published: February 2020

En otro estudio intentamos demostrar la conveniencia de conceptualizar las esquizofrenias como “logopatías”. En esta oportunidad se trata de demostrar que todas las enfermedades del ánimo y gran parte de los llamados trastornos de ansiedad pueden ser concebidos como una sola forma del enfermar humano, cual es la perturbación de la disposición afectiva, en el sentido de Heidegger. Basamos esta hipótesis en tres hechos de observación: 1o Investigaciones recientes no han permitido demostrar la consistencia de constructos como “depresión mayor” y “trastorno de ansiedad generalizada”. Más aún, estudios evolutivos han señalado más bien que estas supuestas entidades nosológicas – definidas con criterios operacionales – se sustituyen en el mismo paciente a lo largo de la vida. Por otra parte, López-Ibor Sr. (1950), sobre la base de lo sostenido por algunos autores clásicos y sus propias observaciones, propuso emplear para todos estos cuadros un término genérico, “timopatía”, con una vertiente ansiosa y otra depresiva, idea que compartimos plenamente y a la que intentamos dar una fundamentación evolutiva y filosófica. 2o Hay elementos que permiten sospechar que estas enfermedades son connaturales al ser humano y que es probable que – al igual que la esquizofrenia – hayan aparecido junto con el cambio evolutivo que permitió al homo erectus transformarse en homo sapiens. Hay por lo menos dos hechos que apoyan esta hipótesis. Uno es que las primeras palabras expresadas por el hombre tienen en común la raíz aj, ankh, ajo, agu, todas las cuales representan el origen de la palabra angustia, síntoma fundamental tanto de los cuadros ansiosos como de los depresivos. El otro tiene que ver con la creatividad, que es definitorio de lo humano y que las más diversas investigaciones vinculan con la más importante de las enfermedades del ánimo, la forma bipolar. 3o En sudescripción fenomenológica del Dasein en Ser y Tiempo, Heidegger afirma que el hombre está en el mundo como comprensión (lenguaje) y como disposición afectiva. No deja de ser llamativo el que estas dos formas esenciales de enfermar el ser humano correspondan justamente a estos dos modos fundamentales de ser en el mundo y por ende, nos parece también filosóficamente justificada la polaridad logopatías – timopatías.
Sobre o aspecto temporal da vida em Minkowski: revisitando O Tempo Vivido
Authors: Faizibaioff Danilo Salles , Antúnez Andrés Eduardo Aguirre
Published: February 2020

O psicopatólogo de origem polonesa Eugène Minkowski (1885-1972) escreveu O Tempo vividoem uma época na qual o acelerado processo de industrialização e globalização passava a prejudicar a vivência subjetiva do tempo na vida humana moderna. Em 1933, publicou, em dois livros, este estudo fenomenológico e psicopatológico, sete anos após haver defendido sua tese da perda do contato vital com a realidade como essência da afecção esquizofrênica. Neste artigo, empreendemos um resumo do primeiro livro desta obra, denominadoEnsaio sobre o aspecto temporal da vida, ainda não totalmente traduzido para o português. Utilizamo-nos de diversas citações literais do autor, visando penetrar em sua semântica pessoal e, como ele, valorizando os gestos e linguagem peculiares a cada um de nossos semelhantes na apreciação do viver humano. Capítulo por capítulo, contemplamos as facetas que descreveu sobre o Tempo enquanto fenômeno vital essencial: o devir, os caracteres essenciais do ímpeto pessoal, o contato vital com a realidade, o futuro, a morte e o passado. Tal estudo tem se mostrado útil para a consideração fenomenológica do tempo na prática do Acompanhamento Terapêutico (AT), de forma que expusemos algumas vinhetas e situações clínicas pontuais de experiências próprias vividas neste enquadre, visando ilustrar as ideias de Minkowski e demonstrar sua fecundidade para a clínica e a psicopatologia contemporâneas.
O caso de ‘L’aura’
Authors: Cintio Antonina Di
Published: February 2020

Laura, vinte e seis anos, chega a nossa observação em junho de 2009 em seguida a uma descompensação psicótica devido a uma soma de cocaína e corticóides. Revelar-se-á afetada por um distúrbio do humor com personalidade borderline. Depois do enquadramento psicopatológico Laura é tratada em um hospital dia de orientação fenomenológica. Conseguiu, neste período, atingir a compensação da sintomatologia psicótica, uma maior lucidez e crítica na relação com a realidade, lidando ao mesmo tempo com as vicissitudes ligadas ao retorno em cena da substância.
A existência fusional e o abuso de crack
Authors: Messas Guilherme Peres
Published: February 2020

Este artigo investiga as condições de possibilidade existenciais de uma população de abusadores de crack no Brasil. O trabalho parte da descrição da essência do ato embriagante para identificar quais as situações antropológicas estruturais de risco para o abuso de crack. Defende que uma forma existencial típica, aqui denominada existência fusional, seja especialmente vulnerável ao efeito agudo e fugaz do crack. Essa vulnerabilidade se dá pela condição pré- reflexiva de predomínio do presente imediato em relação às outras dimensões da temporalidade. Examinando-se os trajetos pelos quais se desenvolve essa forma de existência, conclui-se que a essência da toxicomania pelo crack é um afunilamento gerado pela condensação de toda a existência em um ponto único de inserção no mundo, com a manutenção rígida de papeis identitários já constituídos e mesmo a exaltação dos perfis anteriores de significação coletiva, o que justifica os frequentes achados psicopatológicos desse grupo.
Uma análise fenomenológica do filme “Melancolia”, de Lars Von Trier
Authors: Borba Raphael Galuppo
Published: February 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma análise fenomenológica do filme “Melancolia”, de Lars Von Trier, com o intuito principal de se debruçar sobre o psicodiagnóstico de uma das personagens do filme: Justine. Para isso, serão retomadas contribuições de autores do campo da psicopatologia fenomenológica, tais como Tellenbach, Dörr e Tatossian, que permitirão a abordagem da personagem fictícia em relação aos conceitos de Typus Melancholicus e de melancolia.
Percursos da ira na psicopatologia infantojuvenil
Authors: Marmorato Paulo Germano
Published: February 2020

A ira e suas variações são reconhecidas desde a antiguidade clássica como determinantes nos atos humanos. Como emoção fundamental que se manifesta precocemente no desenvolvimento humano, a ira adquire os contornos mais variados na mente humana, conforme se estende no espaço e dura no tempo. Este artigo discute como a ira, em suas variadas formas, pode influenciar a ocorrência de psicopatologia na infância e adolescência.
Transtorno de personalidade borderline ou transtorno afetivo bipolar? Contribuições da Psicopatologia Fenomenológica para o diagnóstico diferencial
Authors: Pieri Giuliana Angeli , Castellana Gustavo Bonini
Published: February 2020

O diagnóstico de Transtorno de personalidade borderline (TPB) tem sido defendido por alguns autores como um continuum do Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar (TAB). Entre esses autores, Akiskal afirma que tais quadros seriam manifestações sobrepostas de uma tendência comum à ciclotimia. Por outro lado, autores também contemporâneos, como Fuchs, Kimura, Stanghellini e Rosfort, de orientação fenomenológica, apoiam-se no estudo do “vivido” desses pacientes, para diferenciar os fenômenos dos sintomas listados. Conseguem, assim, demonstrar que a “depressão vazia” apresentada nos TPB é fenomenologicamente diferente da “depressão culpada”, característica dos melancólicos. O humor disfórico no TPB, por sua vez, diferencia-se da mania por sua força corporal primária, que fragmenta a estrutura intencional da corporeidade. A análise da temporalidade e identidade revela, ainda, que a divisão temporal do self e a fragmentação do self narrativo são as características essenciais do TPB. Esta exploração mostra, assim, como a psicopatologia fenomenológica contribui para o melhor diagnóstico clínico, dirimindo confusões oriundas dos critérios sintomatológicos atuais.
Phénoménologie clinique du corps propre
Authors: Moreira Virgínia , Bloc Lucas
Published: February 2020

Inspirée par la phénoménologie philosophique, la phénoménologie clinique nous permet de prendre en considération la construction du discours théorique de la psychopathologie à partir du contact clinique. Dans cet article, nous avons comme objectif explorer les contributions de Merleau-Ponty et Tatossian pour la constitution d’une phénoménologie clinique du corps propre. L’article est structuré en trois axes : 1) la relation d’implication et non d’application entre les phénoménologies philosophique et clinique ; 2) la notion de corps propre chez Merleau-Ponty ; 3) l’idée du corps que je suis versus celui que j’ai dans la phénoménologie clinique de Tatossian pour comprendre le vécu dépressif. À travers la notion de corps propre, la phénoménologie clinique est susceptible d’avoir une contribution importante dans le développement de traitements et d’interventions qui comprennent de façon ambiguë le corps comme sujet et objet, touchant et touché, le corps que je ne peux être que si je l’ai.
Abordagem fenomenológica existencial: da educação formal às relações sociais na vida
Authors: Masini Elcie F. Salzano
Published: February 2020

Com trajetória pessoal na área da Educação e Psicologia – variantes do método fenomenológico –, Masini (1984) estendeu o embasamento de Boss, da Daseinsanalyse, à educação escolar sobre o “aproximar-se” do aluno e sua possibilidade de compreender e desvelou que emergia das relações que este fazia em suas condições existenciais de vida. O “aproximar-se” do aluno com deficiência visual (DV) evidenciou desconsideração à sua percepção ao ser estudado a partir das pessoas videntes. Masini (1994) buscou compreender essa problemática pesquisando o perceber de pessoas com DV, inspirada em Merleau-Ponty (1971), desvelando a riqueza do uso dos outros sentidos que ampliaram o perceber dos que dispõem de todos os sentidos, em Projetos em diversas universidades: FEUSP, 2014–2016; Unimarco, 1994; UPM, 2010–2016 e Diretório de Pesquisa CNPq disseminando-se da educação formal para a das relações sociais no mundo vida.
Possibilidades de tratamento a pacientes com experiências alteradas de espaço
Authors: Josgrilberg Fabíola Pozuto
Published: February 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre a possibilidade de desenvolver um tratamento específico a pacientes com alteradas experiências de espaço, constituindo-se como ações básicas e fundamentais para a prática em psicoterapia existencial. A partir da história clínica do caso Roberto, o texto descreve suas experiências, que geralmente são vividas nos modos de ser psicóticos ou dentro do espectro da esquizofrenia, e desenvolve possíveis reflexões decorrentes do trabalho realizado com o adolescente, encaminhadas pelo método fenomenológico. Para tanto, salientamos a importância da elucidação das estruturas do transtorno do existir, pela perspectiva da analítica heideggeriana, tentando criar um caminho que surge como tentativa de reconstituição do mundo-da-vida, concebido pela descrição da experiência sensível, pela descrição fenomenal-hermenêutica e pela experiência corporal de liberdade, compondo os três momentos da tarefa prévia do terapeuta existencial. Por fim, o trabalho demonstra que o desenvolvimento de um tratamento de cunho fenomenológico, para aqueles que apresentam alteração da experiência do espaço, pode servir para fecundar as bases do mundo-da-vida, tornando viável a experiência familiar de mundo pela construção de bases originárias do existir, abrindo caminhos possíveis para novos tratamentos.
KAJIAN FILSAFAT PANCASILA DALAM PENDIDIKAN MLTIKULTURAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: LESILOLO HERLY JENET
Published: February 2020

Pendidikan multikultural di Indonesia pada prinsipnya menanamkan keyakinan bahwa keragaman budaya yang ada di Indonesia adalah anugerah yang patut mendapat penghargaandalam rasa kesatuan, kebersamaan dan simpati.Bahwa dalam keberagaman terdapat kehidupan yang selaras dan berbuat baik terhadap sesama manusia dalam keberagaman. Masyarakat dalam konteks multikultural berlajar hidup dalam perbedaan, membangun saling percaya (mutual trust),memelihara saling pengertian (mutual understanding), dan menjunjung sikap saling menghargai.Menjunjung sikaptoleransi sebagai perwujudan mengakui dan menghormati hak-hak asasi manusia. Wujud secara kongkrit kehidupan dalam multikultural adalah setiap individu mengakui relasi antara sesama manusia dibangun berdasarkan persaudaraan sebangsa dan persaudaraan sesama manusia. Lebih jauh lagi rasa kesatuan, kebersamaan dan simpati dalam pendidikan diharapkan dapat memberdayakan individu atau kelompok membangun kehidupan dalam lingkungan manusia bersesama, cinta damai dan membangun sebuah masa depan yang bersatu dalam keberagaman.Bersatu dalam keberagaman bagi masyarakat Indonesia dapat lebih dijiwai secara kritis melalui Pancasila sebagai falsafah bangsa Indonesia.Pancasila diyakini memiliki norma-normadan nilai-nilai yang benar, adil, dan bijaksana. Kekhasan norma dan nilai yang diyakini melekat dalam Pancasilayaitunilai-nilai ketuhanan, kemanusiaan, persatuan, kerakyatan, dan keadilan sosial sebagai satu kesatuan. Sejalan dengan prinsip pendidikan multikultural maka Pancasila memiliki sinergi yang kuat dengan pendidikan multikultural karena sama-sama memaknai keberagaman dalam nilai yang berketuhanan, yang berkemanusiaan, yang berpersatuan, yang berkerakyatan dan yang berkeadilan sosial.
5 (LIMA) NILAI BUDAYA KERJA KEMENTRIAN AGAMA (Analisis dari Injil Sinoptis)
Authors: GEA IBELALA
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian tentang konsep teori 5 (lima) nilai budaya kerja Kementerian Agama  dan bagaimana analisis aplikasinya menurut Injil Sinoptis. Temuan penelitian menunjuk bahwa Injil Sinoptis (Matius, Markus, dan Lukas) memberitakan bahwa jauh sebelum ada teori nilai budaya kerja (integritas, profesionalitas, inovasi, tanggungjawab dan keteladanan), Yesus telah mengajarkan dan melakukannya. Injil sinoptis memberitakan  bahwa Yesus telah mengajarkan kejujuran baik perkataan dan perbuatan (Matius 5:37; Markus 12:13; Lukas 16:8). Profesionalitas mendapat perhatian dari pengajaran Yesus (Lukas 5:1-11) dimana keahlian sangat didorong untuk dimiliki oleh semua orang, namun harus tetap rendah hati dan mengutamakan kuasa Tuhan dalam segala hal.  Inovasi adalah usaha untuk selalu mengalami peningkatan melalui berbagai kreasi dan teknologi, namun kemajuan harus didapat dengan cara-cara yang benar. Demikian inovasi sebaiknya didasarkan pada peraturan dan kehendak Tuhan. Di dalam Inji Sinoptis memberitakan tentang tanggungjawab. Dimana setiap orang diharapkan bertanggungjawab pada setiap perbuatan dan tindakannya, bukan hanya dipertanggungjawabkan kepada manusia, tetapi juga kepada Allah sebagai penerima tanggungjawab akhir (Matius 25:21-28).Sedangkan nilai budaya kerja keteladanan, kitab Injil memberitakan bahwa Yesus mengajarkan supaya setiap orang harus menjadi teladan dalam perkataan dan perbuatan. Lebih jauh Injil Matius 20:28 dan markus 10:45, bahwa Yesus telah membuat pernyataan bahwa Ia datang ke dunia untuk melayani dan bukan dilayani.
ALLAH MENJADI MANUSIA Sebuah Uraian Teologis
Authors: GEA IBELALA
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan apa motif dan tujuan teologis mengapa Allah menjadi manusia, dan bagaimana cara rasul Yohanes menjelaskan secara kontekstual, hingga dapat difahami oleh para pembaca dan pendengar, khususnya sebagaimana yang dijumpai pada prolog Injil Yohanes 1:1-18. Hasil penelitian adalah bahwa rasul Yohanes menggunakan istilah “Logos” untuk menjelaskan bagaimana prosesnya Allah menjadi manusia atau Firman yang menjadi daging; dengan tetap mengakar pada  pemahaman Yudaisme dimana oleh Hokmah-Yahwe yakni melalui “Dabar Yahwe” telah menciptakan alam semesta (kejadian 1:1). Yohanes memahami sebagaimana Allah oleh Firman-Nya telah menciptakan langit dan bumi dalam konsepsi dan pola pikir Yudaisme. Sebab itu Yohanes memperkenalkan ke-Illahi-an Yesus yang se-zat dan setara dengan Allah, sebagaimana Allah sama dengan Firman-Nya. Untuk menjelaskan hal itu, Yohanes memberitakan eksistensi Yesus Kristus sejak pra-eksistensi yakni sebelum kemenjadian Yesus Kristus menjadi daging, yakni pada mulanya adalah Firman, Firman itu bersama-sama dengan Allah dan Firman itu adalah Allah, Yohanes 1:1 (In the begining was the Word, and the Word was God). Kemenjadian Allah menjadi manusia adalah tindakan resposisi diri Allah untuk berkomunikasi dengan manusia berdosa dan bersifat final, setelah berulang kali Dia berfirman kepada manusia (Ibrani 1:1-3). Sebab itu Yesus Kristus adalah sebagai kepenuhan Allah atau Pleromai (Yohanes 1:16; Kolose 1:19). Maka berdasarkan fungsi dan eksistensi Yesus Kristus sebagai finalisasi kepenuhan Allah, maka Yesus Kristus menjadi sumber kasih karunia, sehingga hanya dalam Dia, kasih karunia Allah dapat diterima, bukan yang lain (Yohanes 14:6).
SPIRITUALITAS UMA BUNGGURU DALAM ARSITEKTUR RUMAH IBADAH GKS JEMAAT WAINGAPU
Authors: KENYA HERLINA RATU
Published: February 2020

Spiritualitas, etika dan tradisi merupakan nilai yang bersumber pada penghayatan seseorang akan eksistensinya dalam relasi dengan Tuhan, sesama dan alam semesta. Kesadaran akan identitas Tuhan, pemaknaan akan kehadiran manusia serta bagaimana perlakuan terhadap alam semesta merupakan nilai kunci bagi terciptanya kehidupan yang harmoni dan bermartabat. Semua nilai ini berlaku secara universal dan tidak lekang oleh waktu. Spritualitas, etika dan tradisi tidak selalu terungkap secara verbal atau melalui perbuatan seseorang tetapi juga dapat tervisualisasikan lewat simbol-simbol budaya. Rumah adat merupakan salah satu unsure budaya yang digunakan sebagai media penyampaian nilai oleh orang atau masyarakat di suatu tempat tertentu. Melalui rumah adatnya, orang (masyarakat) Sumba memvisualisasikan nilai spiritualitas, etika dan tradisi seperti persekutuan, harmoni, hidup bersama dalam keragaman dan hidup sebagai keluarga, yang merupakan motor penggerak bagi kehidupan yang bertanggungjawab terhadapTuhan, sesama dan alam semesta. Dalam kekristenan, rumah ibadah merupakan visualisasi dari nilai spiritualitas, etika dan tradisi yang dihayati umat Tuhan setempat berdasarkan imannya. Melalui arsitektur rumah ibadah, umat diingatkan akan nilai-nilai yang mesti menjadi kompas bagi hidupnya baik secara personal maupun komunal sehingga hidupnya bermakna. Pemaknaan hidup itu terbukti melalui karya-karya yang merawat dan merayakan kehidupan bersama tanpa terhambat oleh perbedaan yang ada.
RESENSI BUKU : TheWorld of Maluku -Eastern Indonesia in Early Modern Period
Authors: PATTY FEBBY NANCY
Published: February 2020

Leonard  Andaya adalah guru besar Sejarah Asia Tenggara di Universitas of Hawaii at Manoa. Ia menyelesaikan pendidikan sarjana di Yale University (1965) dan menyelesaikan pendidikan S2 dan S3 di Cornell University pada bidang sejarah Asia Tenggara. Beberapa karya buku yang dihasilkan di antaranya The Kingdom of Johor (1975); The Heritage of Arung Palakka : History of South Sulawesi (Celebes) in the Seventeenth Century (1981); History of Malaysia (1982); The World of Maluku: Eastern Indonesia in Early Modern Period (1993); Leave of the Same Tree: Trade and Etnicity in the Straits of Melaka (2008); History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400-1830 (2015).
PASAR; BAKUDAPA BANGUN REKONSILIASI Refleksi Peran Perempuan Papalele dalam Resolusi Konflik
Authors: Talakua Rizard Jemmy
Published: February 2020

Konflik yang terjadi di Ambon sejak 19 Januari 1999 sampai 2004 telah membawa masyarakat pada sebuah proses perdamaian, walaupun dalam tahapan resolusi konflik masih berada pada tahap awal menuju peace building. Proses resolusi konflik ini tidak lepas dari peran perempuan yang merupakan pihak penerima dampak konflik terparah. tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran aktivitas pasar tradisional disaat konflik dan sejauh mana peran perempuan dalam proses resolusi konflik di Kota Ambon, serta kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam mengembangkan proses resolusi konflik. Aktifitas Papalele atau perempuan pedagang di kota Ambon, tanpa mereka sadari telah membantu proses resolusi konflik. Perannya dalam tahapan Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, maupun Peacebuilding menjadikan mereka anomali dalam kajian resolusi konflik dan diplomasi. Dengan demikian, Papalele dalam aktifitas perdagangannya di Ambon dapat dikatakan sebagai aktor dan aktifitas diplomasi hibrida.
MUSIK DAN TARIAN KONTEMPORER DALAM RITUAL IBADAH GEREJAWI (Analisis Literer Mazmur 150)
Authors: KELELUFNA JUSUF HARIES
Published: February 2020

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan pendapat di antara denominasi gereja mengenai jenis alat musik apa yang boleh dan yang tidak boleh digunakan, serta aliran musik apa yang boleh dan yang tidak boleh dimainkan dalam ritual ibadah gerejawi. Kitab Mazmur 150 mengemukakan berbagai aspek mengenai memuji TUHAN termasuk penggunaan berbagai alat musik, itulah sebabnya penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan analisis literer meliputi analisis leksikal dan gramatikal terhadap Mazmur 150 dengan tujuan memberikan argumentasi biblis tentang berbagai aspek dalam memuji TUHAN yang terdiri atas; Arti memuji TUHAN, tempat memuji TUHAN, alasan memuji TUHAN, cara memuji TUHAN, serta para pemuji. Hasil analisis terhadap teks Mazmur 150 kemudian didialogkan dengan ritual ibadah gerejawi saat ini. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan beberapa hal yaitu; Pertama, kata Ibrani halelûyāh  (pujilah TUHAN) adalah suatu tindakan yang kontinu, melampaui batasan kebiasaan, bersifat pribadi, serta merupakan ekspresi spontanitas dan kegembiraan jemaat. Memuji TUHAN seperti ini dimungkinkan apabila dilakukan dalam bentuk ritual ibadah gereja yang menggunakan musik dan tarian kontemporer. Kedua, tempat memuji TUHAN adalah gereja tetapi juga suatu tempat di mana saja. Hal ini berarti musik dan tarian adalah sesuatu yang “netral” untuk digunakan dalam ritual ibadah gerejawi maupun digunakan di luar gereja. Ketiga, alasan kenapa seseorang memuji Tuhan adalah sebagai bentuk ucapan syukur atas karya penyelamatan dan pemeliharaan TUHAN. Hal ini menekankan perbedaan mendasar antara penyanyi lagu rohani Kristen dengan pemuji TUHAN. Keempat, cara memuji TUHAN adalah dengan aktifitas menyanyi diiringi permainan seperangkat set alat musik modern (band), disertai dengan tari-tarian. Kelima, Para pemuji adalah pribadi-pribadi dengan seluruh eksistensinya tetapi juga semua orang dalam satu komunitas (jemaat). Sifatnya sebagai hubungan pribadi menjadikan musik dan tarian kontemporer jika digunakan dalam ritual ibadah gerejawi maka ibadah tersebut akan lebih ekspresif dan dinamis serta memberikan ruang bagi jemaat untuk lebih intim dengan TUHAN.
MASYARAKAT VIRTUAL, MITOS DAN PERILAKU KONSUMTIF
Authors: LAIMEHERIWA MARLIN CHRISTINA
Published: February 2020

Perkembangan besar teknologi digital telah melahirkan berbagai perangkat media sosial dan telah membentuk masyarakat virtual juga. Masyarakat virtual mewakili model interaksi sosial baru. Interaksi sosial ini menghasilkan heterogenitas makna, sementara makna telah berubah. Keberadaan makna ditentukan oleh respon masyarakat virtual, bagaimana mereka melestarikan, menolak dan menghasilkan makna. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat virtual menjadi produsen, agen, dan konsumen makna sekaligus, wacana makna berubah menjadi mitos kemudian. Mitos mempengaruhi cara orang berpikir dalam mengambil realitas virtual sebagai realitas sejati. Ini menunjukkan masalah epistemik sesuai dengan asal mula realitas. Fenomena ini sangat terlihat di pasar digital. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara masyarakat virtual, produksi mitos, dan dampaknya terhadap perilaku konsumtif. Dalam mengambil perspektif dalam filsafat, perspektif postmodern digunakan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis kondisi masyarakat virtual, mitos dan perilaku konsumtif. Makalah ini menjelaskan beberapa poin dari perspektif filosofis: pertama, komunitas virtual sebagai produsen, agen dan konsumen pengetahuan dan mitos; Kedua, perilaku konsumtif adalah salah satu hasil mitos. Selain itu, tulisan ini menunjukkan perlunya kesadaran kritis untuk dapat mengidentifikasi motif tersembunyi dari modal dalam menjual komoditas.
“KETIKA MEMORI PENDERITAAN DIPERJUMPAKAN” Sebuah Kajian Dialogis Kitab Daniel dan Sejarah Penjajahan Jepang di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Poskolonial
Authors: KALAMPUNG YAN OKHTAVIANUS
Published: February 2020

Pengalaman menjadi bangsa jajahan tentu menjadi sebuah luka yang sulit untuk dilupakan oleh yang pernah mengalaminya. Apalagi kalau pengalaman itu diwariskan secara turun-temurun dari generasi ke generasi. Tulisan ini kemudian akan mencoba untuk mengungkap sebagian dari itu melalui pendekatan Poskolonial dengan cara menggali pengalaman bangsa Yahudi sebagai bangsa jajahan yang digambarkan dengan “Tanduk Kecil” dalam Daniel 8. Kitab Daniel yang menyimpan pengalaman Daniel sebagai jajahan bangsa Babel tapi juga sebenarnya ditujukan untuk pembaca Yahudi yang sementara dalam penjajahan itu kemudian didialogkan dengan pengalaman bangsa Indonesia yang pernah menjadi bangsa jajahan Jepang. Dialog kedua konteks ini akan memperlihatkan bahwa memori penjajahan bisa diartikan sebagai memori penderitaan.
TAFSIR SOSIO-HISTORIS TERHADAP ULANGAN 15:1-18 DAN KONTRIBUSINYA BAGI MASYARAKAT KEPULAUAN
Authors: Patty Febby Nancy , Muskitta Elrianton
Published: February 2020

Penafsiran teks Ulangan 15:1-18 menggunakan pendekatan historis kritis masih menyisakan pertanyaan teologis dan terkesan bias. Alasannya karena pendekatan yang digunakan dalam mendeteksi makna perikop ini masih terbatas, dan hanya menekankan dimensi iman.  Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggali makna teks  dengan menggunakan pendekatan tafsir sosial. Situasi sosial kemasyarakatan mesti dipertimbangkan dalam mendeteksi perikop ini. Alasannya, teks ini merupakan teks yang lahir dan bertumbuh dalam situasi sosial-budaya, politik, dan ekonomi. Pendekatan sosio-historis dalam penafsiran berfungsi menggali makna (nilai) yang kaya dan menyatu dengan situasi-situasi tersebut. Hasil penafsiran menunjukkan, bahwa Tahun Sabbath dan Syemittah merupakan pranata sosial yang menjamin hak-hak hidup kaum miskin dan para budak, berbagai aturan sebagai pijakan etis dan teologis dalam membangun relasi sosial yang berkualitas dan sikap kepedulian serta belarasa sebagai wujud solidaritas kepada orang-orang miskin dan kaum yang tertindas yang selanjutnya berkontribusi bagi masyarakat kepulauan.
Effects of Consumption of Probiotic Powder Containing Lactobacillus Plantarum Dad-13 on Fecal Bacterial Population in School-Age Children in Indonesia
Authors: Maghfirotin Marta Banin , Tyas Utami , Muhammad Nur Cahyanto , Jaka Widada , Endang Sutriswati Rahayu
Published: February 2020

Consumption of probiotics is known to influence the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of probiotic powder containing Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 on bacterial composition in the gut by examining fecal samples of school-age children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A total of 40 healthy subjects were recruited for this study and were divided into two groups: placebo group and probiotic group. The placebo group consumed skim milk and the probiotic group consumed probiotic powder containing L. plantarum Dad-13 (2 × 109 CFU/g) for 65 days. The results showed that placebo intake had no significant effect on gut microbiota; however, probiotic caused a significant increase in L. plantarum and Lactobacillus population, while decreasing the population of E. coli and non-E. coli coliform bacteria by 55% and 75%, respectively and Bifidobacteria count did not change significantly. The study concluded that consumption of probiotic powder L. plantarum Dad-13 could increase propionic acid thereby decreasing the gut pH which has an effect on the microbial population.
Thermodymanic Considerations on Gold Dissolution in Different Lixiviants (I)
Authors: Barbu Catalin Alexandru , Constantin Ion , Costoiu Mihnea Cosmin , Buzatu Mihai , Semenescu Augustin
Published: February 2020

The paper presents the main thermodynamic aspects related to gold dissolution in different lixiviants. We analyzedthe thermodynamic stability of the gold complexes with the most representative lixiviants with potential for use in the gold industry. Based on the stability constants we determined the electrode potentials of the gold dissolution reactions in variouslixiviants and we presented the electrochemical mechanism of gold dissolution is alkaline cyanide solutions.
Multidisciplinary Investigations of a Double Sided Wooden Icon from Nicula Monastery, Romania
Authors: Marutoiu Constantin , Bratu Ioan , Buta Mircea Gelu , Nemes Olivia Florena , Timbus(Monk Siluan) Sergiu Petru , Tanaselia Claudiu , Simionescu Andreea
Published: February 2020

A two-sided wooden icon from a monastery in Transylvania was submitted for multidisciplinary investigations involving X-Ray Fluorescence, Radiographic Photographyand Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The most important part of the icon is St. Nicholas wooden icon, painted over forty years ago. The spectroscopic methods used revealed the painting materials composition, the status of the wooden stage, and the presence of resins as varnish (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). On one side, the St Nicholasicon was painted over an old icon, St. Arch. Michael, which was evidenced by X-Ray Photography. The obtained data can serve for the preservation and the restoration of these wooden icons.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Three Different Types of Bonded Retainers Used in Orthodontics
Authors: Vaida Luminita Ligia , Festila Dana , Moca Abel Emanuel , Todor Bianca Ioana , Negrutiu Bianca , Mihaiu Antonia , Ghergie Mircea , Judea Pusta Claudia Teodora , Muntean Alexandrina
Published: February 2020

The bonded retainers are mainly used for the mandibular dental arch. This study aims to analyse the efficiency of three different types of fixed retainers, multistranded 0.0195-in wire, Australian wire and Starbond CoS laser sintering retainer, as well as the relapse rate for each type of retainer used over a period of two years. The sample consisted of 159 patients, of whom 55 patients (Group 1) had multistranded 0.0195-in wire, 53 patients (Group 2) Australian wire, and 51 patients (Group 3) laser-sintering retainers. 16 partial or complete detachments were recorded in the first year of the retention phase, of which 5 retainers from Group 1, 6 from Group 2 and 5 from Group 3, in the case of lasers-sintering retainers only total detachments were noticed, and 2 of the multistranded retainers suffered deformations. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences between the three types of retainers in the first year of retention period, but laser-sintering retainer had a statistically significant better evolution compared to multistranded retainer (p=0.018) after two years of retention. No statistically significant differences were found between the three types of retainers regarding the rate of relapse (10.9% for Group 1, 7.5% for Group 2 and 7.8% for Group 3). In the second year of the retention phase, the relapse rate did not present a statistically significant change from the first year, but it increased slightly in patients from Group 1 and it decreased slightly in patients from Group 3. No fixed retention system is perfect, everything has its drawbacks.
The Influence of a Mesoporous Silica on Ru-Sn Catalyst Activity in the Hydrogenation of Methyl Oleate
Authors: Rizea Cristiana , Bombos Mihaela , Juganaru Traian , Bombos Dorin
Published: February 2020

The hydrogenation of methyl oleate on a Ru-Sn catalyst deposited on Al-HMS was studied in comparison to that conducted on the same catalyst deposited on a conventional support, i.e. g-Al2O3. The catalyst was prepared by sequential impregnation. The distribution of the acid strength of the prepared catalysts was determined by thermic desorption of diethyl amine in the temperature range from 20 to 600�C. Experiments were carried out on a laboratory echipament using a fixed bed catalytic reactor at a temperature of 275�C, pressure of 100 atm with a methyl oleate volume flow rate (VHSV) of 0.15h-1 and molar ratio hydrogen/ methyl oleate of 10/1. The main compounds identified were saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols and saturated hydrocarbons. Ru-Sn/ Al-HMS + g-Al2O3 shows a higher conversion to liquid products that the Ru-Sn-Ba / g-Al2O3, probably due to a favorable distribution of the acid strength.
The Characteristics of Microbiome in Newborns and Children and the Effects of Antibiotic Use
Authors: Thompson Dana Claudia , Barbu Madalina Gabriela , Toader Oana Daniela , Pop Lucian , Voichitoiu Andrei Dennis , Suciu Nicolae , Tudorache Ioan Sorin , Predescu Dragos
Published: February 2020

The acquisition of the infant�s microbiota is a vastly researched subject and of high interest. As more information is gathered, scientists prove the link between an unbalanced microbiome and certain afflictions. Antibiotics are widely used drugs and one of the factors that can shape the composition of the infant�s gut bacterial colonization. In this paper we aim to present the natural history of the child�s microbiome and the way it can be influenced by the use of antibiotics.
An 112 Days Experiment on Dietary Cadmium Retention in Hepatopancreas in Adult Cantareus aspersus Snails
Authors: Draghici George A. , Dehelean Cristina A. , Pinzaru Iulia , Bordean Despina M. , Pop Georgeta , Nica Dragos V.
Published: February 2020

Cadmium is very hazardous pollutant with massive impact on aspects of everyday life. Little knowledge exists on kinetics of dietary cadmium retention in Cantareus aspersus for durations above three months although this species of land snails serves as excellent ecotoxicological model for studying cadmium hazard. Here was used a continuous 112-day exposure study design, in which test snails were exposed to a wide range of dietary cadmium levels, including human- and environmentally-relevant levels. Using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, cadmium levels in the hepatopancreas were found to increase significantly, and in dose-dependent manner starting from a dietary cadmium dose of 0.2 mg/kg dry weight. The results of the present study render the hepatopancreas of mature snails, C. aspersus, as excellent endpoints for assessing Cd toxicity over a broad range of concentrations. Hence, this species of land snails can be reliably used for both active and passive biomonitoring of environmental cadmium pollution.
Microstructural Aspects of Some Magnesium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Ni-Ti Particulates
Authors: Dumitrescu Ruxandra Elena , Gherghescu Ioana Arina , Ciuca Sorin , Ciurdas Mariana , Necsulescu Daniela Alina , Vasile Ion Mihai
Published: February 2020

Two magnesium matrix composites reinforced with 3 and 10% Ni-Ti particulates, respectively, were obtained by plasma sintering. The reinforcement material was obtained by grinding a mixture of powders of 68% Ni and 32% Ti atomic percent in a high energy mill for 40 hours. Particulates resulting from mechanical alloying have a partially amorphous and partially nanocrystalline structure, consisting of the following phases: Ni solid solution, Ti2Ni and NiTi (B2) phase. After sintering, both the matrix and the reinforcement material are nanocrystalline and the particulates have a polyphase structure, consisting of Ni(Ti), NiTi (R phase) and Ni4Ti3. The hardness of these composites is superior to the hardness of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with Ni-Ti particulates having 50% Ni / 50% Ti and 32% Ni / 68% Ti chemical compositions obtained under the same conditions and corresponding proportions of reinforcement material.
Cinnarizine - Potential Trigger of the Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia Particular neurobiochemical model
Authors: Marinescu Ileana , Stovicek Puiu Olivian , Marinescu Dragos , Papacocea Marius Toma , Manea Mihnea Costin , Ionescu Ecaterina , Badarau Ioana Anca , Manea Mirela , Papacocea Ioana Raluca , Ciobanu Adela Magdalena
Published: February 2020

Supersensitivity psychosis is a subdiagnosed clinical reality. This entity, however, is insufficiently elucidated from the point of view of the neurobiochemical mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis. The combination of an antipsychotic with a high D2 receptor blocking capacity and a neuroleptic-like substance such as cinnarizine trigger the dopaminergic hypersensitivity mechanisms. This stimulates the sensitivity for dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, ameliorating the negative and cognitive symptoms at the thalamic level, remodeling sensory integration and decreasing tinnitus, as well as in the cerebral tonsil, consequently decreasing the risk of antisocial behavior.
Broca�s Area and Language Disorders in the Child
Authors: Nedelcuta Ramona Mihaela , Calin Gigi , Baleanu Vlad Dumitru , Davitoiu Dragos Virgil , Voiculescu Daniel Iulian , Mirea Cecil Sorin , Tenea Cojan Tiberiu Stefanita , Socea Bogdan , Alexandru Dragos Ovidiu , Ciora Cosmin Alexandru , Stanescu Mihai Relu , Stanescu Radu
Published: February 2020

Language, the second signaling system, complexly integrates the body into the environment, assures interference with fellows, and modulates the thoughts and feelings to be communicated to others. The embryonic development of the encephalus is performed early on days 16-20 and determines the appearance of the neuroenteric canal and the appearance of the tridermic embryonic disc. The sketch of the Broca area has been researched from anatomopathological point of view, following a study carried out on fetal brain samples taken postpartum, shows that the sketches of the future Broca area are observed in gestation at week 23. Neural migration and glial cell distribution reveal the existence of a detectable neuroblasts reservoir, beginning at week 18, with exuberant evolution to a organized histoarchitectonics at 20-23 week. The premises of a future impairment in the development of the Broca area and, implicitly, of language can be established early in fetal life.
Maternal Iodine Deficiency and Late Outcomes in Child�s Development
Authors: Barbu Madalina Gabriela , Thompson Dana Claudia , Condrat Carmen Elena , Tudorache Ioan Sorin , Voichitoiu Andrei Dennis , Cretoiu Dragos , Toader Oana Daniela , Suciu Nicolae
Published: February 2020

Iodine is a fundamental component of thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroid hormones which are essential for the natural growth and development of the child. Pregnant women are required to generate higher amounts of thyroid hormones in order to meet both their own and their children�s needs, therefore iodine intake should be enhanced by over 50% during this period. The normal neurodevelopment of the fetus is made possible through sufficient amounts of T3 available in the fetal brain, which are derived from the mother�s own free T4. Low levels of maternal free T4 that can be witnessed in iodine deficiency contribute to the poor neurodevelopment of the fetus. The most severe outcome of maternal iodine deficiency is, without doubt, cretinism. This review is therefore meant to highlight the necessity for more rigorous investigations into the extent and importance of maternal iodine deficiency in the child�s development.
Study Regarding the Relationship between Nutritional Status and Oral Health in the Elderly Patients
Authors: Surdu Amelia , Bobu Livia , Cioloca Daniel , Topoliceanu Claudiu , Filip Cristiana , Goriuc Ancuta , Scutariu Mihaela Monica , Murariu Alice
Published: February 2020

The aim of study was to investigate the relationship between oral health and nutritional status in a population of elderly patients with systemic chronic or acute pathology. Materials and method: Prospective cross-sectional clinical investigation of 115 aged patients (] 60 yo; mean age 66.2) from the Clinical Foundation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi. In the first stage of the study, the patients (able to understand and communicate) were submitted to a mini-test for the assessment of the mental status (MMSE) . In the second stage of the study, a questionnaire was used to record demographic and socioeconomic data of the subjects as well as information regarding systemic status and nutritional facts. In the third stage of the study, the nutritional status was evaluated by using Mini-Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA). Finally, the oral status was evaluated by using clinical and radiographical exams as well as geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI). Results: Of the 60 old adults, 6% were severely malnourished, and 37.4% presented malnourished risk. 49.6% of the old people had difficulties eating firm foods, 25% of them being unable to prepare meals. Regarding oral status, only 5.2% had at least 20 natural teeth, 55.6% required dental care for decayed or broken teeth, 69.6% were affected by xerostomia, 21% of the completely or partial edentulous people were untreated by removable dentures, 25% of the edentulous patients complained by ill-fitted removable dentures. Conclusion: Lack of education, treatment with over 3 drugs daily, physical inability to buy foods or to prepare meals, as well as the difficulties eating firm foods are strongly associated with poor nutritional status. Also, the need for dental care was associated to nutritional deficiency.
Epilepsy, a Neurological Emergency in Oro-maxi-facial Surgery - neuro - psychic Field
Authors: Mihai Constantin , Budacu Cristian Constantin , Timofte Alexandru , Cuciureanu Iulian Dan , Forna Norina Consuela
Published: February 2020

Dental practice does not start with the fear for accidents and complications, much less for emergency, but in order to prevent and effectively treat them, they must be known and diagnosed quickly, correctly and with great discernment. Fortunately, in dental practice, emergency is not met frequently, but if it occurs, however, doctor�s accurate and fast reaction can and save thepatient�s life. Emergency requires maximum efficiency and it imposes to give the most direct and shortest dental practice for solving. It is possible to trigger or aggravate generaldisorders caused by dental work, cases in which we have an obligation to recognize the accident or complication at the time of happening and to intervene urgently and effectively to save the patient�s life. Epilepsy is a neurological disease that alters the transmission of electrical signals within the brain. We conducted our study in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic on 187 patients studied between 2015 and 2018. Of these, 171 were emergencies. Regardingthe interventions suffered by the patient, it was observed that the most common neurological emergency installed in dentistry is the epileptic seizure. Serious and small epileptic seizures can occur from different causes and at various intervals, a professional anamnesis informing the doctor about the frequency and severity of seizures.
Update on Epidemiology of Non-Melanocytic Skin Tumors
Authors: Mare Lorena Vita , Andrese Elena Porumb , Monu Ana Maria , Adam Mihaela Gabriela , Solovastru Laura Gheuca , Vata Dan
Published: February 2020

Non-melanocytic skin tumors are the most common type of cancer, with increasing incidence and morbidity rates and around the world. Materials and methods: We performed a 5-year retrospective study regarding non-melanocytic skin cancer types � basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and metatypical carcinoma, that included 259 patients hospitalized in St. Spiridon Emergency Clinical Hospital�s Dermatology-Venereology Clinic, during 2013-2018, meaning 2.77% of all admitted patients. Results: This article describes the most common types of non-melanocytic skin cancer in our area: BCC was diagnosed in 87% of the patients, SCC in 12% and metatypical cancer in 1%. Our findings are in accordance with data reports over the last few years.
Gynecological Symptoms Correlated with Immunohistochemical Aspects of Endometriosis and Adenomyosis
Authors: Penciu Roxana Cleopatra , Postolache Iulia , Tica Andrei , Steriu Liliana , Izvoranu Silvia , Mocanu Diana , Sarbu Vasile , Tica Oana , Deacu Mariana , Baltatescu Gabriela , Petcu Lucian , Tica Irina , Tica Vlad Iustin
Published: February 2020

Endometriosis is a benign disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. It is more associated to chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. Adenomyosis is represented by the presence of endometrial tissue inside the uterine muscle. We studied, in 100 successive patients, immunohistochemical markers CD10, CD34 and KI67 in glandular and in stromal cells, in order to assess the correlation between symptoms and them. We did not find any data reporting these aspects. As CD34 is an angiogenesis marker and Ki67 is an aggressivity marker, pelvic pain could predict a more aggressive disease and with a higher spreading capacity in patients with endometriosis. In the same patients, and dysmenorrhea seems to be related with only with angiogenesis.
Effects of Ultrasounds on Neat nitrobenzene
Authors: Stavarache Carmen Eugenia , Maeda Yasuaki , Vinatoru Mircea
Published: February 2020

Neat nitrobenzene was continuously irradiated at two ultrasonic frequencies: 40 and 200 kHz, under air and argon atmosphere, respectively. Samples taken at intervals of 1, 5, 10 and 24 h were analyzed by GC-MS and decomposition products were identified. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed. Presence of air as dissolved gas leads to oxygenated compounds such as 1,4-benzoquinone, 2,4-dinitrophenol, m-dinitrobenzene while argon inhibits the decomposition of nitrobenzene, especially at sonication times under 5 h. Based on the nature of the compounds identified we advanced a mechanism, involving a divergent splitting of unstable radical cation of NB in air and argon respectively. Thus, under air, the phenyl cation formation is preferred leading to 1,4-benzoquinone nitro-biphenyls and dinitrobenzene, while under argon, the phenyl radical formation seems to be favored, leading to phenol and diphenyl ether. The oxygenated compounds detected under argon clearly are a consequence of the nitro group splitting.
العلاقات الدبلوماسية للدولة الأموية بالأندلس مع ملوك أوربا وأسبانيا
Authors: الحسن د. حمزة السر محمد .
Published: February 2020

العلاقات الدبلوماسية للدولة الأموية بالأندلس مع ملوك أوربا وأسبانيا
التحليل المكاني لشبكات الطرق بمنطقة المرج دراسة كمية
Authors: عثمان د. عثمان الناجي
Published: February 2020

أصبح تحل يل شبكات الن قل من الاتجا هات الحدي ثة في الدرا سات الجغراف ية ،أذ ير جع تاريخ 0691 . ولاشك أن تحليل – استخدام الأساليب الكمية في تحليل شبكات النقل إلى الفترة من 0691 شبكات النقل على جانب كبير من الأهمية، إذ يساعد على مقارنة عدة شبكات داخل الدو لة الواحدةوبين الدول المختل فة، ك ما يم كن ا ستخدامه كمؤ شر للت طور الاقتصادي ا لذي وصلت ال يه الدولة .) )عبده، سعيد. 0611 . ص 69 يعد النقل البري من أهم فروع ا لقاعدة العريضة للن قل بمع ناه الشامل و هو بدوره يشتمل على أكثر من نظام، وأ هم وسيلة للن قل ال بري في ليب يا بوجه عام الطرق. و قد اخت يرت شبكة الطرقالبرية بين مدن ومحلات في إقليم المرج كنموذج تطبيقي لعدة أسباب أهمها:أولاً: لم يوجه بعد اهتمام كاف لدراسة العلاقة بين شبكات الطرق والتنم ية الاقتصادية في منطق المرج وتحليل هذه العلاقة تحليلاً كميا.ثانياً : أن ها تتم يز ب سمات خاصة، ف قد انع كس التوج يه الزرا عي في الإق ليم ع لى م حاور الحركة وطرق النقل في مختلف أرجاء البلاد، ومن ثم فإن شبكة الطرق في منطقة ال مرج ت بدو على شكل خطوط متواز ية، بعضها في اتجا هات جنوب ية شمالية، وا لبعض الآ خر في اتجاهات غربية شرقية، هذا فضلاً عن امتداد الطريق الساحلي الممتد من غرب ليبيا إلى شرقها .ثالثا: أذا ما اعتبرت مدينة المرج بموقعها نقطة متوسطة تبدأ منها حركة النقل في المنطقة وتنته إليها يلاحظ تباينها في البعد عن مراكز الن قل السكاني والاقتصادي في ليب يا، و من خلال الب يانات الم توفرة يتضح إن ثلاث من هذه الم ناطق يز يد ب عدها ع لى أ لف كي لو م تر عن منطقة ال مرج، وثلاثاً أخرى يتراوح بعدها عن المنطقة ما بين 911 011 كم، وتعين هذه المناطق الستة ما ي قرب - %91 من سكان ليبيا وتتركز أكثر من 10 % من جملة المنشآت الاقتصادية والاجتماعية.