bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZAKAT AND TAXATION: A CONCEPTUAL COMPARISON
Authors:   International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia, Abu Bakar Nur Barizah
Published: February 2024

Zakat and taxation system are two important elements in an Islamic fiscal system. While both are imbued with the elements of obligation and compulsion (al-Qaradawi, 1999), they are two distinct concepts which need to be comprehensively understood and appreciated by the Muslim public. Based on this premise, it would be advantageuos that these concepts being elaborated in order to enhance the level of awareness and understanding among the Muslims so as to improve their compliance to these systems. This paper provides a discussion on conceptual comparison between zakat as prescribed in this deen of Islam and taxes as decreed by man made taxation systems. The paper reviews both concepts from the point of view of their meanings, objectives and purposes, sources of regulation, conditions of zakatable or taxable assets, requirements of chargebality as well as their rates.
Excess Return Market Adjusted Model: Studi Peristiwa Penyerangan Rusia ke Ukraina
Authors: Suroto Drs. Suroto, SE, MM
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini menerapkan metode event study terhadap peristiwa penyerangan Rusia ke Ukraina, dengan fokus pada pembuktian empiris mengenai adanya kembalian tidak normal sekitar peristiwa tersebut, serta perbedaan kembalian tidak normal sebelum dan selama peristiwa. Riset ini bersifat sensus dengan melibatkan 45 saham yang tergabung di Indeks Liquid 45 sebagai populasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui sumber sekunder, di antaranya harga saham penutupan secara harian dan IHSG secara harian. Analisis data berbasis pendekatan statistika parametriks, yaitu uji-t satu sampel dan uji-t sampel berpasangan. Secara statistika, penelitian ini menemukan bukti mengenai adanya kembalian tidak normal, meskipun tidak signifikan, di seputar peristiwa penyerangan Rusia ke Ukraina. Selain itu, terdapat anomali yang tidak signifikan antara kembalian abnormal sebelum dan selama peristiwa tersebut. Kesimpulan dari riset ini adalah bahwa capital market Indonesia dikatakan sebagai market efisien semi kuat secara informasi. Temuan ini dapat menjadi acuan investor dalam pengalokasian dana, bertujuan memperoleh portofolio yang optimal.
ESTRÉS Y SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT EN EL PERSONAL DOCENTE Y DE SALUD EN LA PANDEMIA
Authors: Bedoya Doris , Guaman William , Ojeda Edna , Siza Silvia , Suntasig Maritza
Published: February 2024

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los niveles del Estrés laboral y el síndrome de Burnout en el personal de salud y docente durante la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19 de la ciudad de Quito. Se trató de un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo, el mismo que permitió describir la relación de las variables de la población de estudio, en el cual, se encuestó a 66 personas del área de educación y de salud que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los instrumentos utilizados para recabar, describir y analizar los datos obtenidos fueron el cuestionario de estrés laboral IMSS y el Inventario de Maslach Burnout. Como resultado, el personal de educación y de salud presentó estrés colocándose bajo la media de un 20%, correspondiente a un estrés grave representado en 13 personas del total de la muestra, esto significó que este porcentaje de la población tuvo alteraciones en su funcionamiento fisiológico y comportamental, asimismo, en el Burnout un 20% representado en 22 personas del total de la muestra, situación que inevitablemente incidió en el desempeño, deserción laboral, el ámbito familiar y falta de habilidades interpersonales. Entre otras cosas se encontró que la población más vulnerable es el género femenino debido a la sobrecarga laboral y familiar, además se identificó que otro factor es la edad, que tiene una prevalencia mayor entre los 25 y 30 años, por la falta de experiencia y gestionamiento de emociones, todo esto llevándolos a un alto nivel de despersonalización y agotamiento emocional que sumada a la baja realización personal dio lugar al mencionado síndrome de Burnout.
Experiences, challenges and acceptance of e-learning by adult learners in sandwich programme of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuemerie Obiageli Chinyelu , Akpan Eunice , Okoye Perpetua Ukamaka
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the experiences, challenges and acceptance of e-learning by adult learners in the Sandwich programme of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population of study comprised all 381 adult learners offering Sandwich Programmes in the 2021/2022 Session in the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka was also the sample size. Three research questions guided the study. Data for the study were collected by means of a validated structured questionnaire titled “Questionnaire on E-Learning by Adult Learners” (QEAL) designed in google form format.  Cronbach’s Alpha values of 0.89, 0.78 and 0.89 for clusters    I – III were obtained after testing for reliability. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze data. The findings revealed that adult learners had pleasant experiences of e-learning in sandwich programmes of Nnamdi Azikiwe University in the 2021/2022 Session; and faced some challenges that included unstable internet connectivity, technical problems during online classes and difficulties associated with practical courses in distance learning. Nevertheless, adult learners highly accepted e-learning after their exposure to a higher level of e-learning in the 2021/2022 academic session by the Sandwich programme in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. It was recommended amongst others that the management of Nnamdi Azikiwe University should invest more in e-learning by way of upgrading their ICT architecture and organize more trainings on adaptation to e-learning for their adult learners that are still lagging behind and for fuller and more profitable utilization of the innovations in the Qverse learning management system.
Marshall-Olkin Alpha Power Inverse Lindley Distribution and its Applications
Authors: Rameesa Jan  , Peer Bilal Ahmad  , T. R. Jan
Published: February 2024

A new model called as Marshal-Olkin Alpha Power Inverse Lindley (MOAP-IL) distribution has been proposed. The proposed model is more tractable since the density function has complex shapes. Properties and Estimation procedure has been discussed. The usefulness of the model has been verified through real life and simulated data.
Ratio and Product Type Estimators for ratio of Two Population Means in Case of Post-Stratification
Authors: Priya Mehta  , Rajesh Tailor
Published: February 2024

This paper studies ratio and product type estimators for two population means. The BIAS and MSE of the developed estimator have been derived. The developed estimator has been compared with usual estimator, ratio and product type estimators for ratio of two population means.
Sorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ Ions on Na-enriched Natural Zeolite for Wastewater Treatment Process: A Kinetic Approach
Authors: Radovanovic Dragana , Dikić Jelena , Štulović Marija , Anđić Zoran , Kamberović Željko , Jevtić Sanja
Published: February 2024

Low-cost and easily available natural zeolite is a promising adsorbent for metal ions removal in wastewater treatment. The possibility of using zeolitic tuff from Serbia in the form of Na-enriched natural zeolite (Na-Z) for the adsorption of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ ions from wastewater was investigated in the presented paper. The research included Na-Z characterization and determination of adsorption kinetics in individual ion adsorption tests using non-linear pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO) and mixed-order (MO) kinetic models. The results indicate that the adsorption processes of metal ions on Na-Z are complex processes dominated by multiple rate-limiting mechanisms and best defined by the MO model. The mechanisms of ion diffusion and adsorption to active sites are equally represented in the Pb2+ ions adsorption process. The mechanism of ion diffusion is more pronounced in the Zn2+ ions adsorption process, while in the case of the adsorption of Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions adsorption on the active sites is the main kinetic mechanism. Within the MO model, the PFO rate (external/internal diffusion) and the PSO rate (adsorption on the active sites) were calculated and results were applied to a multicomponent wastewater sample in order to determine and explain the adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment. The results show that the rate of adsorption of individual metal ions and the efficiency of ion removal from a multicomponent wastewater sample are influenced by several factors including the radius of the hydrated ion and the free energy of hydration. The achieved removal of metal ions by Na-Z is Pb2+ (89%) > Cu2+ (72%) > Zn2+ (61%) > Ni2+ (58%) and defines Na-enriched natural zeolite as an effective adsorbent in wastewater treatment.
New smart actuator based on shape memory alloys for avoiding overheating and preventing fire in electronic devices
Authors: ER-REMYLY Omar , BEN ZOHRA Mouna , RIAD Amine , ALHAMANY Abdelilah
Published: February 2024

In the past few years, fire incidents in electronic systems have become frequent and caused many losses of life and property. Consequently, various studies have been conducted in order to establish effective ways to avoid fire caused by electrical devices. In light of the fact that electrical sensors frequently get damaged, it is crucial to develop a smart switch that can detect and control off electrical current during an unexpected heat increase or fire incident. In this study, a numerical study that aims to develop a smart actuators combined with electrical devices in order to protect electronic system from fire accidents has been conducted. The proposed smart actuator is based on the shape memory alloy (SMA), which has a robust thermomechanical coupling that reacts to the temperature variation and generates an important mechanical loading. Using the SMA actuator between an electrical power source and the device will avoid any incident related to the temperature increase. Therefore, mathematical modelling has been conducted to adjust the smart actuator with any electrical device, with rules that will be developed to increase the actual detection rate. The simulation results of the proposed fire detection system has been compared with several current methods. The results show that the proposed engineering is very promising and can respond to a temperature change in 0.2 s and generate a total deformation of about 8%. The results show that the suggested method has a higher fire detection rate that can reach 90% for detection.
Disaster Awareness and Preparedness and Disaster Risk Reduction Practices among Secondary Schools
Authors: J. Arcegono Winda , Alma V. Olorga  , Mercedes B. Sumandal
Published: February 2024

Inevitable disasters pose a concealed threat that school leaders must address to prevent calamity and safeguard lives and assets. This study determined the disaster risk reduction awareness in selected secondary schools, aiming to mitigate current risks and enhance the resilience of vulnerable institutions. This study uses a quantitative approach. The research employed online surveys to gauge disaster risk reduction management among 50 secondary school heads and teachers in Northern Puerto Princesa City, Philippines. The findings revealed a high level of awareness among respondents, highlighting the importance of implementing programs like budget allocation for DRRM activities, student-led hazard mapping, and collaboration with local government units and NGOs. In conclusion, strengthening disaster risk reduction management and fostering partnerships are recommended for secondary schools to enhance preparedness and resilience.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja yang Uang Pesangon dan atau Penghargaan Masa Kerja Tidak Dibayar Oleh Pengusaha
Authors: Pratomo Raditya , Helvis Helvis , Markoni Markoni , Sura Anabertha Malemna
Published: February 2024

Perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja yang di pemutusan hubungan kerja untuk mendapat uang pesangon, uang penghargaan masa kerja, dan uang penggantian merupakan hak pekerja dan menjamin keseimbangan kepentingan antara pengusaha dan pekerja tanpa diskriminasi. Tujuan penelitian ini sebagai berikut: Menganalisis sanksi hukum bagi pengusaha yang tidak membayar pesangon dan atau uang penghargaan masa kerja dan uang pengganti hak pekerja, menganalisis sanksi pidana menurut Undang-Undang Cipta kerja Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 yang mengatur tentang uang pesangon dan atau uang penghargaan masa kerja dan uang pengganti hak. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan studi kasus diketahui bahwa Sanksi hukum kepada pengusaha yang tidak membayar pesangon dan atau uang penghargaan masa kerja dan uang penggantian hak bagi pekerja tidak serta merta membuat pengusaha membayarkan uang pesangon dan atau penghargaan masa kerja. Penerapan sanksi hukum pidana memuat Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 cipta kerja Pasal 156 ayat (1) berupa sanksi pidana paling singkat penjara 1 tahun dan paling lama 4 tahun atau denda paling sedikit Rp100 juta dan paling banyak Rp400 juta dalam pelaksanaannya tidak efektif karena sampai saat ini belum ada penggusaha yang dijatuhkan sanksi pidana.
Analisa Dampak Keberadaan Hotel Grand The Sya Terhadap Kinerja Lalu Lintas Jalan Samratulangi
Authors: Suryani Sri , Patunrangi Jurair , Ramlan Ratnasari
Published: February 2024

Adanya aktivitas Hotel Grand The Sya  akan mempengaruhi beberapa ruas jalan. Ruas yang pertama yaitu jalan Sam Ratulangi yang akan menjadi pintu masuk dan yang kedua yaitu jalan Cik ditiro yang direncanakan akan menjadi pintu keluar. Hal ini tentu saja akan menimbulkan sumber tarikan dan bangkitan lalu lintas baru yang akan menambah volume lalu lintas. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan analisis dampak lalu lintas, sehingga diketahui dampak dari keberadaan Hotel Grand The Sya baik yang berkepentingan di hotel tersebut maupun pengguna yang hanya melintas pada jalan Sam Ratulangi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi lalu lintas saat ini pada JL.Samratulangi dan JL Cik Ditiro dan memprediksi tarikan pergerakan lalu lintas adanya Hotel Grand The Sya dan dampak adanya Hotel Grand The Sya terhadap Kinerja ruas jalan Sam Ratulangi dan jalan Cik Ditiro (derajat kejenuhan DS) Dari hasil analisis data, jam sibuk volume lalu lintas di ruas jalan Sam Ratulangi pukul 12.30-12.45 WITA dan untuk hari libur 12.00-12.45 sesi I, dan untuk sesi II berada pada jam sibuk pada hari kerja dan hari libur pukul 20.15-20.30 WITA. Sedangkan kinerja jalan didasarkan pada nilai derajat saturasi derajat jenuh pada ruas Jalan Samratulangi pada hari biasa yaitu 0,29 SMP/jam dan pada hari libur yaitu 0,24 SMP/jam dengan tingkat pelayanan B. untuk Jalan Cik Ditiro derajat saturasi pada hari biasa adalah 0,34 SMP/jam untuk hari libur adalah 0,29 SMP/jam dengan tingkat pelayanan B. DS nilai kondisi eksisting yang masih memiliki kinerja lalu lintas yang memadai, Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh dampak belum berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja ruas jalan lokasi penelitian.
Thermomechanical Analysis and Numerical Simulations of Fused Filament Fabricated Polylactic Acid Parts
Authors: BUTE Irina , TARASOVS Sergejs , SEVCENKO Jevgenijs , ANISKEVICH Andrey
Published: February 2024

This work aimed to investigate the thermal deformation of polylactic acid (PLA) samples 3D-printed by Fused Filament Fabrication. The irreversible thermal strain (ITS) and coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) of four sets of samples with various sizes and thicknesses of the layer in the three directions of the measurements were investigated. The thermomechanical analysis (TMA) was used for the investigation of thermal deformation. During the study, the dependencies of deformation on temperature were obtained. The samples' CLTE values at various ranges of temperatures were estimated using the obtained dependencies. ITS was observed after heating to 80 ℃ during the first TMA cycle. The values reached 8 – 9 %. The impact of layer thickness and the number of layers in the sample on ITS was noticed. Shrinkage in the X direction and expansion in the Z direction with almost the same values were observed. Finite element code ANSYS was used to simulate the distribution of temperature and accumulation of residual thermal stresses in the printed part. The correlation was obtained between the level of simulated residual thermal stresses for samples with different number of layers and layer thicknesses and measured ITS after annealing.
Longitudinal predictors of online dating aggression: Similarities and differences between control and intrusiveness
Authors: Rodríguez-deArriba María-Luisa , Caridade Sónia , Del Rey Rosario , Sánchez-Jiménez Virginia
Published: February 2024

Technological advances have led to dating aggression being perpetrated online, with online control and online intrusiveness (repeated attempts to gain access to one’s partner after an argument) being two of the most prevalent forms. Previous studies have made headway in terms of identifying the correlates of online control, but longitudinal studies are still scarce. Furthermore, the predictors of online intrusiveness are yet unknown. The present study aimed to explore the cognitive and emotional predictors of these two types of online dating aggression. The role of moral disengagement (MD), anger dysregulation and online jealousy were analysed. A total of 467 Spanish adolescents aged between 12 and 19 years (M = 14.03, SD = 1.41, 57.2% girls) with recent romantic experience participated in a longitudinal study with two time points (W1, W2) separated by a four-month interval. The results revealed that, although all variables were correlated, predictors varied in accordance with the specific form of online aggression analysed. Online control aggression at W2 was predicted by previous involvement in online control and online intrusiveness aggression, high levels of anger dysregulation (W1) and online jealousy (W1). In contrast, online intrusiveness aggression at W2 was predicted by prior involvement in the same form of online aggression and poor anger regulation (W1). Moral disengagement lost its predictive value when emotional variables were incorporated. The results highlight the multidimensional nature of online dating aggression in adolescent couples and suggest that, although the strong link between online control and intrusiveness should be taken into consideration, the two forms of aggression should be explored independently.
Relationships among selfie-viewing on social media, thin-ideal internalization, and restrained eating in adolescents: The buffering role of media literacy
Authors: Wang Yuhui , Gu Xiao , Geng Jingyu , Wei Xinyi , Lei Li
Published: February 2024

The aim of the present study was to test the relationship between selfie-viewing on social media and restrained eating as well as the mediating effect of thin-ideal internalization in this relationship. We also examined whether the links from selfie-viewing to thin-ideal internalization and restrained eating would be moderated by media literacy. Moreover, whether gender would moderate the mediation model was also examined. Results on a survey of 1,481 Chinese adolescents aged 12–⁠19 years showed that selfie-viewing had a positive relationship with restrained eating and that thin-ideal internalization mediated this relationship. Furthermore, the association between selfie-viewing and thin-ideal internalization was moderated by media literacy. Specifically, the relationship was weaker for adolescents with higher media literacy. In other words, media literacy alleviated the negative effect of selfie-viewing on body image. Moreover, there were no gender differences in the mediation model. These findings add to the literature on the relationship between social media use and restrained eating. Educational programs aiming to improve media literacy may be beneficial for reducing the risk of restrained eating among adolescents.
No relationships between self-reported Instagram use or type of use and mental well-being: A study using a nationally representative online sample of UK adults
Authors: Roberts Sam , Malcolm Connor , McCarty Kristofor , Pollet Thomas
Published: February 2024

Use of Instagram has grown rapidly in the last decade, but the effects of Instagram use on well-being are still unclear, with many studies based on younger samples with a female bias. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between Instagram use and levels of anxiety, depression, and loneliness in a nationally representative sample of UK adults by age and gender. An online sample of 498 UK adults were recruited using Prolific (Age: M = 49, SD = 15, range 19–82 years old; 52% female, 47% male). Participants stated whether or not they used Instagram, reported their frequency of Broadcast, Interaction and Browsing Instagram use and completed the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A genetic matching algorithm was used to match Instagram users (n = 372) and non-Instagram users (n = 100) on age, gender, education and nationality. There were no significant differences between users versus non-users of Instagram in levels of anxiety, depression or loneliness. There were also no significant associations between type of Instagram use (Broadcast, Interaction or Browsing) and levels of anxiety, depression or loneliness. The Bayes Factors for these models moderately to strongly supported the null model of no effect for Depression and Loneliness. This research adds to recent findings that suggests that the overall effect of SNSs on well-being may be small to non-existent. Future research should examine how exposure to different types of content on social media are related to well-being.
Exploring the dimensionality of Fear of Missing Out: Associations with related constructs
Authors: Groenestein Ellen , Willemsen Lotte , Van Koningsbruggen Guido M. , Kerkhof Peter
Published: February 2024

A growing body of research has examined the potential effects of the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) whereby the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs; Przybylski et al., 2013) has become the most popular measure for assessing the construct. However, there is ambiguity regarding FoMO’s conceptualization and dimensionality. Employing a large representative sample (N = 2,041), this study provides direct empirical support for the conceptualization of FoMO as a second-order construct with two underlying dimensions, i.e., “pervasive apprehension” and “desire for connection”, each with distinct relations with variables that have been theoretically linked with FoMO. More specifically, problematic social media use, deficits in needs satisfaction, and neuroticism are more strongly correlated with “pervasive apprehension”, while social media use and extraversion are more strongly correlated with “desire for connection”. As such, this study contributes to future research as it offers a new perspective on the FoMO construct by showing the importance of giving adequate consideration (statistically and conceptually) to the structure of the construct and how the two dimensions relate to other constructs of interest.
Den prototypiska Ignatius
Authors: Landgren Martin
Published: February 2024

Artikeln analyserar med hjälp av ledarskapsforskning som kommer ur Social Identitetsteori (SIT) hur Ignatiusbreven (100-talet) presenterar en ny kristen identitet med hjälp av begreppen Prototypikalitet och Identitetsentreprenörsskap. Författaren till de pseudonyma breven presenterar en ny identitet eftersom konflikter mellan olika definitioner av vad det innebär att vara Jesustroende har uppkommit i församlingarna i Mindre Asien. Konflikten mellan författarens syn på kristen identitet och två andra grupper, den judaiserande gruppen och doketisterna, hanteras med hjälp av förebildliga ledare (prototyper) som Ignatius själv. En förebildlig ledare som Ignatius har enligt SIT utrymme att omförhandla den egna gruppens identitet (Identitetsentreprenörsskap), vilket är vad som sker i Ignatiusbreven i förhållande till de två andra grupperna. Ignatiusbreven konstruerar en kristen identitet som inte ger utrymme för doketister och judaiserande medlemmar. Ignatiusbrevens sätt att använda sig av prototypiska ledare ger impulser till hur andligt ledarskap kan fungera i andra tider.
Thekla från Ikonion
Authors: Berglund Carl Johan
Published: February 2024

Bakom några av de mest inflytelserika av den tidiga kyrkans fäder och mödrar döljer sig en förebildernas förebild, den idag närmast okända tonårsflickan Thekla från Ikonion (första århundradet e.Kr.), som enligt berättelsen lämnade en bekväm över-klasstillvaro för att i Paulus efterföljd sprida evangeliet i Mindre Asien. Den här artikeln analyserar hur Thekla fungerar som förebild för senare generationers kristna, som Gregorios av Nyssa och hans storasyster Makrina (300-talet e.Kr.), och diskuterar hur Theklas berättelse kan fungera förebildligt i en nutida frikyrklig kontext.
Förebildernas förebild
Authors: Hjort Daniel
Published: February 2024

Frågan om huruvida Jesus presenteras som en förebild i evangelierna, och i så fall på vilket sätt, står i centrum i föreliggande artikel. Olika forskare har på olika sätt uttryckt tveksamhet kring Jesus som förebild, visat på begräns-ningar och lyft fram lärjungarna som förebilder. Evangeliernas genre förstås idag av en majoritet av forskare som antik biografi. Att antika biografier ofta presenterade goda förebilder gör det sannolikt att Jesus lyfts fram som förebild(en) i evangelierna. En sådan förståelse av genren bekräftas av innehållet i evangeliernas berättelser där Jesus talar om sig själv som förebild på flera olika sätt. Följaktligen finns det ett tydligt imperativ till imitation av Jesus i evangelierna utifrån både genreförväntningarna och förebildsmotivet i berättelserna. Imitationen rör Jesu karaktär, andliga praktiker, lidande, tjänst och ledarskap. Det finns både en uppmaning till imitation för människor i allmänhet och en uppmaning som gäller ledare. Utifrån exempel hos Paulus och Petrus föreslås i den senare delen av artikeln en dubbel imitation, vilket innebär ett imiterande av Jesus samtidigt som ledaren själv fungerar som en förebild i sitt sammanhang.
Alla kan leda
Authors: Tellbe Mikael
Published: February 2024

Pastoralbrevens retorik och innehåll är till stor del präglat av förekomsten av vilseledande lärare i församlingarna i Efesos och på Kreta. Med detta som utgångspunkt drar artikeln följande slutsatser: 1) De prototypiska ledarideal som kommer till uttryck i de listor som riktar sig till församlingsledare, äldste och medhjälpare i 1 Tim 3:2–13 och Tit 1:5–9 bör ses som ad hoc-listor, formade i kontrast till och polemik mot de vilseledande ledarna som antityper; 2) Betoningen på ledarnas karaktärsegenskaper snarare än på ledarnas karisma (gåvor och uppgift) förklaras bäst utifrån pastoralbrevens specifika tillkomstsituation; 3) Det finns stora likheter mellan pastoralbrevens listor med karaktärsegenskaper för ledare och liknande sekulära listor i antiken, samtidig som det blir tydligt att pastoralbrevens ledare utmärks av de karaktärsdrag som var kännetecknade för Jesus Kristus; 4) De listor med karaktärsegenskaper som ges för troende i allmänhet, särskilt i Tit 2:2–6, visar stora likheter med de karaktärsegenskaper som förväntas av församlingens ledare. Av detta dras slutsatsen att alla troende utövar ett potentiellt, informellt ledarskap i kraft av sina liv, även om detta inte är detsamma som att alla troende leder formellt. Ledarskapsidealen i pastoralbreven handlar från början till slut om trovärdighet, pålitlighet och förtroende.
Förebilder för kristet ledarskap
Authors: Davage David , Hallenius Mikael , Ledstam Maria
Published: February 2024

I denna artikel presenteras temat för årets nummer av HYBRID. Här ges också en kortare introduktion till numrets upplägg och originalartiklar, samt en presentation av temat för nästa nummer.
Respons akademi
Authors: Thu Kro Ingvild
Published: February 2024

Varje nummer av HYBRID innehåller, förutom originalartiklar, också tre beställda responser: en från någon verksam inom området akademi, en från någon verksam inom området kyrka och en från någon verksam inom området samhälle. Dessa responser är utformade som kortfattade reflektioner över något ur numrets artiklar som har särskild relevans för respektive område.
Respons kyrka
Authors: Newman Linalie
Published: February 2024

Varje nummer av HYBRID innehåller, förutom originalartiklar, också tre beställda responser: en från någon verksam inom området akademi, en från någon verksam inom området kyrka och en från någon verksam inom området samhälle. Dessa responser är utformade som kortfattade reflektioner över något ur numrets artiklar som har särskild relevans för respektive område.
KELENGKAPAN BERKAS PERSYARATAN KLAIM BPJS PADA PASIEN RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT WAVA HUSADA MALANG
Authors: Ulum Miftachul
Published: February 2024

The completeness of medical record file information is very important for verification of claims. Verification of claims is specially prepared with the aim of being a reference verifier of claims on BPJS. Completeness of medical records also maintains health facilities for service quality and efficiency of health service costs up to the disbursement of claims to health care providers. The purpose of this report is to find out the Completeness of BPJS claim requirements for inpatients at Wava Husada Hospital in 2022 with an observation method in the form of a checklist conducted on March 21-March 26, 2022. This research was conducted at the Health Financing Cooperation Installation and Casemix. Based on the results of the completeness analysis on 120 BPJS claim requirements files conducted by researchers, a completeness percentage of 75 files or 62.5% and a percentage of incompleteness of 45 files or 37.5%. The highest completeness is found in the inpatient cover letter, participant egibility letter (SEP), emergency assessment sheet, and medical support sheet with a completeness rate of 120 files or 100% and the lowest completeness is found on the casemix verification sheet of 102 files or 85%. As for overcoming this, it is recommended to hold a coordination meeting with health service providers regarding the importance of completeness and accuracy of filling out medical record files for BPJS claim requirements, to facilitate the process of submitting hospital claims to BPJS.
Problematika Kemampuan Literasi Membaca Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Zakiah Hida Ma'rifatuz , Sukmandari Yesi
Published: February 2024

Reading is an activity that has the aim of understanding the content of what is written and is also a skill that elementary school students must master because with good reading skills students can learn a lot of knowledge. The purpose of writing this journal is to describe the problematic factors of low reading ability in elementary school students. This type of research is qualitative research using the library study method, with data collection techniques from various reading sources in the form of articles on various types of problems in elementary schools. The research results show that 1) The first problematic cause of low reading ability is students' low interest in reading, books that are less interesting to students, inadequate libraries, short reading time of only 15 minutes. 2) The role of parents in increasing literacy, is providing motivation and encouragement, 3) The role of teachers in increasing literacy, providing media and methods that attract students' interest, teachers providing reading corners in the classroom.
Empowering Women through Tourism and Financial Development: Empirical Evidence from Upper Middle-Income Economies
Authors: Mansoor Ahmed  , Manoj Kumar  , Ayesha Ahmad  , Shazma Khan  , Iqra Azeemi
Published: February 2024

The concept of women’s empowerment in this study focuses on international tourism, economic growth, financial development and financial inclusion among others as integral aspects that would help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Using panel data from 15 Upper Middle-Income Countries between 1995 and 2017, the study employs cutting edge approaches such as fixed-effect models, random effect models, GMM and robust LS regressions to identify major impacts. The results show a strong relationship between these factors regarding women’s empowerment with clear impacts on self-employment among the women and increased participation in serviceability and industrial areas. In particular, these factors play a very important role in total employment of women. The analysis reinforces the ability of international tourism, economic growth, financial development and financial inclusion to facilitate women’s empowerment in Upper Middle-Income Countries. This study illuminates the complex realities that guide how a woman participates in power structures, which partly exposes broad aspiration of sustainable development.
EXAMINING THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF ISLAM AND HERITAGE IN WEST AFRICA
Authors: Halıdu Yahaya
Published: February 2024

Heritage is broadly viewed as a cultural construction of the present that is deeply ingrained in the past. Since the 1990s, Africanist scholars, mostly historians, have engaged with the concept of heritage in Africa, focusing on how post-colonial African countries conceptualized heritage after many of them achieved independence in the 1960s. Presently, there are many works on how local and national as well as international movements, have complicated the concept of heritage in Africa. However, most of these works have concentrated on the national and cultural constructs of heritage with very few on religion, especially Islam. This paper explores how scholars have presented the subject of Islam and Heritage in West Africa. It is a historiographical essay that argues that Islam and Muslims in West Africa are not aliens to the conceptualization and the development of heritage in Africa. They have played several roles in safeguarding their intangible and tangible heritages and in some ways, assisted in conserving cultural heritage of their respective regions. Thus, this work does not only allow us to appreciate the contribution of religion (Islam) to the construct of heritage, but it also contributes to the literature on the history of Islam and Muslim societies especially in West Africa.
The Effectiveness of Omnichannel As A Digital Marketing Medium in The Economy After The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mahardikaningtyas Rahmayanti , Akromudin Norman
Published: February 2024

Omni channel is a support that provides the best experience for customers until they feel satisfied. In today's digital era, the omnichannel concept allows interaction between businesses and their customers through various platforms with integrated channels. Customers can easily access all business information through various channels such as physical stores, websites, mobile applications, and social media. Customer interaction is practical and fast. Having omni channels consistently will provide the best experience to customers where they remain coordinated, and even though they use any channel, customer needs are still met uniformly. Using several types of omnichannel in the current digital era, especially in the period after the COVID-19 pandemic, where there is a shift in customer spending patterns, of course, will make it easier for business owners to do marketing and decision-making related to the company, the effectiveness of using omnichannel in company management, especially those run by company leaders with specific genders, also affects in terms of innovation carried out company
Efektivitas Pemberian Probiotik Dalam Memperbaiki Fungsi Hati pada Pasien Dengan Fatty Liver Non Alkoholik
Authors: Andayani Dyah Eka , Mariani Christina
Published: February 2024

Meningkatnya angka kejadian obesitas belakangan ini secara tidak langsung berhubungan langsung dengan angka kejadian NAFLD. Penyebab NAFLD yang mendasari adalah adanya resistensi insulin akibat obesitas. Kejadian NAFLD mulai meningkat secara keseluruhan global. NAFLD adalah gangguan hati yang ditandai dengan perlemakan hati makrovesikular, fibrosis, sirosis yang tidak berhubungan dengan konsumsi alkohol. Prevalensi NAFLD telah meningkat dengan pandemi obesitas. Peningkatan asam lemak bebas (FFA) oksidasi akan menginduksi stres retikulum endoplasma yang menyebabkan disfungsi mitokondria dan menyebabkan peningkatan produksi spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS) yang menyebabkan apoptosis sel hati. Litelatur review ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektifitas pemberian probiotik dalam memperbaiki fungsi hati pada penderita dengan perlemakan hati non alkoholik. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada database PubMed, Cochrane, dan Scopus dan menghasilkan 3 artikel yang relevan untuk selanjutnya dilakukan telaah kritis oleh satu orang reviewer independen. Seluruh artikel secara valid menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi probiotik dapat menjadi salah satu terapi adjuvan dalam memperbaiki fungsi hati pada keadaan NAFLD. Pemberian terapi probiotik dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup yang lebih baik pada penderita NAFLD dengan adanya perbaikan dari fungsi hati.
Región y corporalidades. Un abordaje desde los estudios regionales
Authors: Miranda Pérez Luis Adrián
Published: February 2024

En las últimas décadas el giro corporal en las ciencias sociales yhumanas ha tomado relevancia en varios sentidos. Por un lado,cuestiona el dualismo cartesiano que ha prevalecido en la cienciamoderna, así como la centralización del estudio del cuerpo por labiología y la medicina, por otro lado, reconoce el carácter social,cultural e histórico de las corporalidades. Por ello, el objetivo deeste artículo, en primer momento, es abordar cómo los estudiosregionales representan un campo de estudio heurístico y multireferencialsobre lo regional. Los aportes, particularmente, de la economía,la historiograía, la antropología, la sociología y la geograíapermiten profundizar la mirada de estudio y ser punto de partida adiversas formas de regionalizar. A partir de lo anterior, se trazanelementos que permiten dotar horizontes para la regionalización y,posteriormente, se presentan dos ejemplos donde se articula regióny corporalidad.
Responsive charts: a case study
Authors: Ydenberg Casey
Published: February 2024

A very common topic of questions on data visualization forums concerns responsive charts. In this post I will use an example of responsive chart design to illustrate the key issues when confronting this problem, outline the framework of a general solution, and show a bit of general-purpose code. The principles should be applicable to any frontend framework (React, Vue, Svelte). I'll use d3 throughout, but no prior d3 expertise is necessary.
Practical Information on European VAT
Authors: Annacondia F.
Published: February 2024

As is traditional in the first issue of each year, this overview presents the key features of the VAT systems of most European countries (both EU and non-EU), including standard and reduced VAT rates, various thresholds, the format of the VAT identification numbers and contact details of the offices of the national tax administration which process VAT refund applications or provide information to non-resident businesses on national VAT rules. The overview is compiled by the editor on the basis of information provided by the members of the European Knowledge Group of IBFD at the beginning of 2024.
Vormgeving en ondersteuning van interdisciplinair onderwijs
Authors: Van Lambalgen Rianne
Published: February 2024

Dit artikel bespreekt de vormgeving en ondersteuning van interdisciplinair onderwijs in een onderwijscontext waar multidisciplinaire studententeams samenwerken aan een interdisciplinair vraagstuk. Specifiek wordt hierbij aandacht besteed aan het faciliteren van de integratie van inzichten en kritische reflectie tijdens het interdisciplinaire onderzoeksproces. Het interdisciplinaire onderzoeksproces biedt een overzicht van stappen die studenten doorlopen bij het doen van interdisciplinair onderzoek, zoals het analyseren van disciplinaire inzichten en het creëren van common ground. Twee voorbeelden worden gegeven van activiteiten die studenten helpen om disciplinaire inzichten te delen en tot een common ground te komen, door studenten de juiste stappen te laten doorlopen en relevante vragen te laten stellen. Naast de integratie van inzichten is kritische reflectie tijdens alle stappen belangrijk, zowel op de uitkomsten van het interdisciplinaire onderzoek als op het eigen leerproces. Het voorbeeld dat wordt gegeven laat zien hoe reflectie op meerdere niveaus gestimuleerd kan worden: op de literatuur over interdisciplinariteit, over het eigen leerproces en de eigen houding ten opzichte van interdisciplinariteit. De discussie staat stil bij andere mogelijke methoden voor het vormgeven van interdisciplinair onderwijs, waarbij het belang van tools wordt onderstreept voor een optimale leerervaring.
Docenten met autonomie-ondersteunend doceergedrag in honoursonderwijs: hun aanbevelingen en interventies
Authors: Weerheijm Ron , Voncken Eva
Published: February 2024

In het excellentie- en honoursonderwijs in Nederland in het mbo, hbo en wo is het stimuleren van autonomie-ontwikkeling bij studenten een belangrijk doel. Een autonomie-ondersteunende doceerstijl vormt een wezenlijk onderdeel van het pedagogisch-didactisch handelen van docenten. Literatuurstudie brengt aan het licht dat een autonomie-ondersteunende doceerstijl voornamelijk nog is beschreven in termen van brede constructen, gebaseerd op het studentperspectief, openstaan voor de student, actieve ondersteuning van motivatieontwikkeling en ondersteunen van zelfregulering. Echter, er is nog weinig beschreven over het concrete pedagogisch-didactisch handelen van docenten en welke leeromgevingen faciliterend zijn in autonomie-ondersteuning op deze vier constructen. Met behulp van 21 semigestructureerde interviews met docenten in mbo, hbo en wo worden in dit artikel op bovenstaande constructen concrete inzichten geboden in drie brede thema’s: de inrichting van de leeromgeving en facilitering van de docent, de interpersoonlijke student – docentrelatie, docentinterventies en leeractiviteiten voor groep en individu. De interviews genereerden een serie concrete autonomie-ondersteunende interventies, zoals ruimte bieden voor nieuwsgierigheid van studenten en studenten leren zelf hun leerdoelen te formuleren. Docenten biedt dit handvatten hun eigen onderwijs te ontwerpen en concrete pedagogisch-didactische handelingen om autonomieontwikkeling in hun lespraktijk vorm te geven.
noodzaak van conflictonderwijs in het hoger onderwijs
Authors: Pouwels Jan G.
Published: February 2024

In dit artikel wordt het begrip conflictonderwijs geïntroduceerd. Conflict wordt gedefinieerd als: een conflict is een kwestie waarover grote tegenstellingen bestaan en waarover door de te onderscheiden partijen strijd wordt gevoerd. Hoger onderwijs heeft twee centrale taken: zekerheid-biedend onderwijs en onzekerheid-onderzoekend onderwijs. De eerste conserveert kennis en cultuur, de tweede richt zich op transformatie en innovatie. Deze tweede taak is onderontwikkeld. Conflictonderwijs gebruikt professionele maatschappelijke conflicten om hier invulling aan te geven. Daarvoor is het nodig de opleiding en begeleiding van leraren aan te passen, de ontwikkeling van een curriculum conflictonderwijs tot stand te brengen en een passende onderwijsdidactiek te formuleren.
Milieudefensie v ING: Climate Breakdown and Banks’ Duty of Care
Authors: Simanovski Simon
Published: February 2024

There is a trend towards climate lawsuits against companies based on their alleged duty of care not to emit more than a certain amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Currently, there are four such cases before courts in Germany, all of which have been unsuccessful so far. On 19 January 2024, Milieudefensie, a Dutch environmental group, initiated legal proceedings against the Dutch Bank ING, for the first time raising the issue of whether financial actors have such a duty of care. This case represents a significant milestone in the worldwide effort to transform the financial sector and curb its seemingly endless appetite for financing fossil fuels. In light of these proceedings, I argue that the German courts have adopted an imprecise understanding of what the duty of care entails and that an appropriate application of this duty can increase the accountability of financial actors.
Mit der Verfassung spielt man nicht!
Authors: Gaillet Aurore , Hempelmann Michael
Published: February 2024

Am 25. Januar 2024 hat der französische Verfassungsrat zahlreiche Normen des neuen Einwanderungsrechts für verfassungswidrig erklärt (Nr. 2023-863 DC). Im Kontext dieses Normkontrollverfahrens zeigte sich eine Regierung, die den Verfassungsverstoß als Mittel zur Mehrheitsfindung nutzte. Zugleich scheute das Verfassungsgericht die inhaltliche Prüfung und stützte sich fast ausschließlich auf Verfahrensmängel. Beides hilft Bestrebungen von rechts, eine gerichtliche Kontrolle staatlicher Maßnahmen zukünftig einzuschränken. Noch bleibt Zeit, die Verfassungskultur in Frankreich zu stärken.
An Unfortunate Trend of Vagueness
Authors: Schmid Florian
Published: February 2024

The German Government is planning to change the procedural and substantive legal framework on international criminal law in Germany, with an expert hearing having taken placed on 31 January 2024 before the German Parliament’s (Deutscher Bundestag) Legal Affairs Committee. One aspect appears to have been totally neglected by the current draft proposal: the issue of functional immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction in case of core crime charges. In this post, I highlight an ambiguity regarding the personal scope of functional immunity arising from German case law which the German Government and Parliament should take the opportunity to clarify with the current reform proposal. This is particularly important given that the ambiguity appears to have traveled to other jurisdictions as illustrated by the case of Ziada v. Netherlands.
Edukasi Pemanfaatan Rebusan Daun Siri Dalam Mengatasi Keputihan Pada Wanita Usia Subur
Authors: Mawang Sumarni , Passe Rosita , Ikawati Nurul , Saleh Syamsuryanita
Published: February 2024

Kesehatan organ intim wanita merupakan hal yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus terutama dalam menjaga kebersihannya Vagina merupakan salah satu organ reproduksi wanita yang sangat rentan terkena penyakit infeksi, saluran reproduksi karena struktur anatominya, ditandai dengan adanya gejala keputihan (fluor albus). Edukasi tentang pemanfaatan rebusan daun siri dalam mengatasi keputihan sangat penting agar wanita selalu menjaga kondisi kesehatan reproduksinya tanpa harus tergantung dengan penggunaan obat-obat kimia yang memiliki efek samping yang berbahaya, Kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam bentuk pemberian edukasi tentang pemanfaatan rebusan daun siri dalam mengatasi keputihan pada wanita usia subur. Kegiatan berlangsung selama 1 hari yang dilakukan pada hari sabtu tanggal 10 juni 2023.  Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor pretes pengetahuan adalah 52.37 sementara pada saat postes meningkat menjadi 73.63. hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perubahan pengetahuan yang signifikan setelah kegiatan edukasi. Diperlukan edukasi yang lebih intensif lagi kepada wanita usia subur untuk menjaga kesehatan reproduksinya.