bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АМБУЛАТОРНА ЛІКАРСЬКА ПРАКТИКА ЯК КЛЮЧОВА СКЛАДОВА ПІДГОТОВКИ СІМЕЙНОГО ЛІКАРЯ
Authors: Babinets L. S. , Botsiuk N. Ye. , Borovyk I. O.
Published: August 2019

Стаття присвячена проблемі підвищення якості підготовки фахівців первинної медичної допомоги. Навчання сімейного лікаря є надзвичайно актуальною проблемою, визначається суспільним запитом і передбачає засвоєння необхідних компетенцій. Амбулаторна лікарська практика є однією з основних частин навчання студента. Тільки наполегливе відпрацювання практичних навичок може стати основою для якісного виконання професійних обов’язків. Вільне володіння сучасними інноваційними методиками спрощує роботу лікаря первинної медичної допомоги. Проведено добровільне анонімне анкетування серед студентів п’ятого курсу медичного факультету після завершення амбулаторної практики. Анкета була складена та узгоджена викладачами нашої кафедри і включала 11 питань. Оцінювався рівень достатності як базової теоретичної і практичної підготовки, комунікативних навичок, так і особливостей роботи сімейного лікаря. Проаналізовано проблемні питання, запропоновано нові підходи до проведення виробничої практики студентів. Для забезпечення ефективного проходження амбулаторної виробничої практики студентів V курсу необхідно укріпляти матеріально-технічно і кадрами вже існуючі клінічні бази і створювати нові на базі центрів первинної медико-санітарної допомоги, особливо в сільській місцевості. Включення до програми амбулаторної виробничої практики питань економіки закладів охорони здоров’я первинної медичної допомоги, медичного права, менеджменту і маркетингу, а також стажування студентів поряд з сімейними лікарями, що практикують приватно, є необхідними кроками, які дозволять адаптувати випускників до нових соціально-економічних вимог за умов реформування системи охорони здоров’я на засадах пріоритету первинної медичної допомоги. В перспективі подальших досліджень доцільно включити питання, що стосуються впровадження нових технологій у практику сімейного лікаря.
МЕДСЕСТРИНСЬКІ НАУКОВІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ В АВСТРІЇ
Authors: Palasyuk H. P. , Palasyuk B. M.
Published: August 2019

Пріоритетним напрямом реформування системи підготовки сестринського персоналу в Австрії визначено впровадження вищої медсестринської освіти і подальший розвиток сестринської справи як науки. Наукові дослідження з проблем догляду за хворими виокремилися в окрему наукову спеціальність «Сестринствознавство». Предметом наукових досліджень у догляді за хворими є вивчення впливу захворювань і фізичних вад на життя людини і наукове обґрунтування найбільш доцільних форм медсестринської діяльності та медсестринських втручань у процесі догляду за хворими. Магістерська науково-дослідна робота повинна відповідати профілю магістратури, бути самостійною творчою роботою із вивчення актуальної проблеми медсестринства. Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора наук з медсестринства – це незалежна дослідницька робота, яка вносить значний вклад у подальший розвиток медсестринської науки. На першому етапі написання докторської дисертації  докторант самостійно або з допомогою наукового консультанта складає розгорнутий проект дисертаційного дослідження. На цьому етапі докторант на практичних заняттях отримує необхідну допомогу в плануванні дисертаційного дослідження. Матеріали планування докторської дисертації вивчає спеціально створена комісія. Докторанти повинні брати активну участь у конференціях, у тому числі і щорічних Європейських докторських конференціях з проблем догляду за хворими. Науково-дослідні роботи виконуються в руслі наукової роботи інституту, в якому навчається докторант. Основні положення дисертації висвітлюються у щонайменше чотирьох одноосібних публікаціях у провідних наукових журналах. Дисертація складається зі вступу, опису методики і отриманих результатів проведеного дослідження, основної частини, у якій викладені основні положення дисертаційного дослідження, і висновків. Текст дисертації повинен бути написаний англійською мовою, висновки – англійською і німецькою мовами.

Наукові дослідження у медсестринстві Австрії сприяють формуванню наукового підґрунтя для медичної практики працівників середньої ланки, забезпечують науковий підхід до сестринської діяльності на засадах доказової медицини.
Temperatura do Ar, Densidade de Volume Construído e Topografia em Belo Horizonte/MG
Authors: Ferreira Daniele Gomes , Lobo Carlos Fernando Ferreira , Assis Wellington Lopes
Published: August 2019

A temperatura do ar tem variação espacial em áreas urbanas decorrente de diversos fatores, dentre esses destacam-se o uso e ocupação do solo e a topografia. Este artigo apresenta uma aplicação do método de regressão geograficamente ponderada (geographically weighted regression - GWR) para avaliar a relação entre essas variáveis para o caso do município de Belo Horizonte (MG) em recorte temporal correspondente ao mês de agosto, caracterizado por período seco e com condição de céu claro. A densidade de volume construído das edificações e a altitude foram definidas como variáveis explicativas e a temperatura média do ar a variável dependente. Os resultados obtidos apontaram uma baixa predição dos métodos espaciais na explicação da relação entre as variáveis. Observou-se que a melhor correlação ocorreu nas análises da GWR para altitude e temperatura, fato que aponta para um predomínio da atuação de fatores geoecológicos naturais na configuração climática do município. Mesmo com ressalvas e limitações inerentes ao método estatístico, que teoricamente apresenta um tipo de regressão linear, verifica-se que essa técnica, associada a plataformas de sistema de informação geográfica, auxilia na interpretação dos resultados em uma escala local, o que pode melhorar a compreensão da contribuição dos diversos fatores no balanço de energia em ambiente urbano. Ao mesmo tempo, o uso do geoprocessamento permite a atualização constante da informação, sendo que novos dados podem ser agregados aos modelos, otimizando sua capacidade analítica, em uma linguagem acessível a tomadores de decisão nas cidades.
Dinâmica do Uso e Ocupação da Terra em Área de Expansão da Fronteira Agrícola no Baixo Curso do Rio Palmeiras, Estado do Tocantins
Authors: Paschoal Letícia Giuliana , De Morais Fernando
Published: August 2019

O sistema socioeconômico impõe alterações à dinâmica do uso da terra. Assim, esse trabalho possui como objetivo analisar a dinâmica do uso e cobertura da terra, ao longo de 49 anos (1968-2017), no setor Sul da bacia hidrográfica do rio Palmeiras (TO), destacando elementos do sistema socioeconômico e suas relações com processos de alterações sobre a hidrografia e o relevo desenvolvido sobre litologias calcárias. O setor do baixo curso da bacia hidrográfica do rio Palmeiras foi selecionado como fragmento representativo das alterações ambientais regionais. Para a área foram realizados mapeamentos de uso e cobertura da terra (1968 e 2017) e geomorfológico (1968), ambos na escala 1:25.000, além de trabalhos de campo. Os resultados permitiram constatar alterações na hidrografia com a construção de represas para consumo d’água pelo gado e reservatórios para geração de energia por meio da criação de uma Pequena Central Hidrelétrica; diminuição das áreas de Cerrado, que ocupavam 77,46% da área no ano de 1968 e passou a ocupar 22,65% em 2017; além do aumento nas áreas destinadas à pastagem, que passou a ocupar 56,01% da área em 2017, face aos 0,09% ocupados em 1968, sendo que essa ocorre de forma extensiva e em alguns setores, sobre relevos cársticos, que são aos poucos descaracterizados. Assim, pretende-se contribuir com discussões acerca dos controles impostos pelo sistema socioeconômico aos sistemas físicos em áreas de expansão agropecuária na região Norte do Brasil.
Methamphetamine Use and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kevil Christopher G. , Goeders Nicholas E. , Woolard Matthew D. , Bhuiyan Md. Shenuarin , Dominic Paari , Kolluru Gopi K. , Arnold Connie L. , Traylor James G. , Orr A. Wayne
Published: August 2019

While the opioid epidemic has garnered significant attention, the use of methamphetamines is growing worldwide independent of wealth or region. Following overdose and accidents, the leading cause of death in methamphetamine users is cardiovascular disease, because of significant effects of methamphetamine on vasoconstriction, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerotic plaque formation, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy. In this review, we examine the current literature on methamphetamine-induced changes in cardiovascular health, discuss the potential mechanisms regulating these varied effects, and highlight our deficiencies in understanding how to treat methamphetamine-associated cardiovascular dysfunction.
Catheter Ablation Versus Medical Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Asad Zain Ul Abideen , Yousif Ali , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Al-Khatib Sana M. , Stavrakis Stavros
Published: August 2019

Background:

Despite the publication of several randomized clinical trials comparing catheter ablation (CA) with medical therapy (MT) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the superiority of one strategy over another is still questioned by many. In this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, we compared the efficacy and safety of CA with MT for AF.

Methods:

We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and other online sources for randomized controlled trials of AF patients that compared CA with MT. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular hospitalizations and recurrence of atrial arrhythmia. Subgroup analyses stratified by the presence of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, type of AF, age, and sex were performed. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using a random effects model, and Mantel-Haenszel method was used to pool RR.

Results:

Eighteen randomized controlled trials comprising 4464 patients (CA, n=2286; MT, n=2178) were included. CA resulted in a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54–0.88;
P
=0.003) that was driven by patients with AF and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35–0.76;
P
=0.0009). CA resulted in significantly fewer cardiovascular hospitalizations (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.39–0.81;
P
=0.002) and fewer recurrences of atrial arrhythmias (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.33–0.53;
P
<0.00001). Subgroup analyses suggested that younger patients (age, <65 years) and men derived more benefit from CA compared with MT.

Conclusions:

CA is associated with all-cause mortality benefit, that is driven by patients with AF and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. CA reduces cardiovascular hospitalizations and recurrences of atrial arrhythmia for patients with AF. Younger patients and men appear to derive more benefit from CA.
Assessment of the 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline Recommendations for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation in Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Kazmirczak Felipe , Chen Ko-Hsuan Amy , Adabag Selcuk , von Wald Lisa , Roukoz Henri , Benditt David G. , Okasha Osama , Farzaneh-Far Afshin , Markowitz Jeremy , Nijjar Prabhjot S. , Velangi Pratik S. , Bhargava Maneesh , Perlman David , Duval Sue , Akçakaya Mehmet , Shenoy Chetan
Published: August 2019

Background:

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are used to prevent sudden cardiac death in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. The most recent recommendations for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in these patients are in the 2017 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Rhythm Society Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. These recommendations, based on observational studies or expert opinion, have not been assessed. We aimed to assess them.

Methods:

We performed a large retrospective cohort study of patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis and known or suspected cardiac sarcoidosis that underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were followed for a composite end point of significant ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death. The discriminatory performance of the Guideline recommendations was tested using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analyses. The optimal cutoff for the extent of late gadolinium enhancement predictive of the composite end point was determined using the Youden index.

Results:

In 290 patients, the class I and IIa recommendations identified all patients who experienced the composite end point during a median follow-up of 3.0 years. Patients meeting class I recommendations had a significantly higher incidence of the composite end point than those meeting class IIa recommendations. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >35% with >5.7% late gadolinium enhancement on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was as sensitive as and significantly more specific than LVEF >35% with any late gadolinium enhancement. Patients meeting 2 class IIa recommendations, LVEF >35% with the need for a permanent pacemaker and LVEF >35% with late gadolinium enhancement >5.7%, had high annualized event rates. Excluding 2 class IIa recommendations, LVEF >35% with syncope and LVEF >35% with inducible ventricular arrhythmia, resulted in improved discrimination for the composite end point.

Conclusions:

We assessed the Guideline recommendations for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in patients with known or suspected cardiac sarcoidosis and identified topics for future research.
Presenting Symptoms in Men and Women Diagnosed With Myocardial Infarction Using Sex‐Specific Criteria
Authors: Ferry Amy V. , Anand Atul , Strachan Fiona E. , Mooney Leanne , Stewart Stacey D. , Marshall Lucy , Chapman Andrew R. , Lee Kuan Ken , Jones Simon , Orme Katherine , Shah Anoop S. V. , Mills Nicholas L.
Published: August 2019

Background

Sex‐specific criteria are recommended for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, but the impact of these on presenting characteristics is unknown.

Methods and Results

We evaluated patient‐reported symptoms in 1941 patients (39% women) with suspected acute coronary syndrome attending the emergency department in a substudy of a prospective trial. Standardized criteria defined typical and atypical presentations based on pain nature, location, radiation, and additional symptoms. Diagnosis of myocardial infarction was adjudicated using a high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay with sex‐specific thresholds (>16 ng/L women, >34 ng/L men). Patients identified who were missed by the contemporary assay with a uniform threshold (≥50 ng/L) were reclassified by this approach. Type 1 myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 16% (184/1185) of men and 12% (90/756) of women, with 9 (5%) men and 27 (30%) women reclassified using high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I and sex‐specific thresholds. Chest pain was the presenting symptom in 91% (1081/1185) of men and 92% (698/756) of women. Typical symptoms were more common in women than in men with myocardial infarction (77% [69/90] versus 59% [109/184];
P
=0.007), and differences were similar in those reclassified (74% [20/27] versus 44% [4/9];
P
=0.22). The presence of ≥3 typical features was associated with a positive likelihood ratio for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in women (positive likelihood ratio, 1.18; 95%
CI
, 1.03–1.31) but not in men (positive likelihood ratio 1.09; 95%
CI
, 0.96–1.24).

Conclusions

Typical symptoms are more common and have greater predictive value in women than in men with myocardial infarction whether or not they are diagnosed using sex‐specific criteria.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier
NCT
01852123.
The Impact of Immigration on Firm-Level Offshoring
Authors: Olney William W. , Pozzoli Dario
Published: August 2019

This paper studies the relationship between immigration and offshoring by examining whether an influx of foreign workers reduces the need for firms to relocate jobs abroad. Using a Danish natural experiment and their employer-employee matched data set covering the universe of workers and firms (1995–2011), our findings show that an exogenous influx of immigrants into a municipality reduces firm-level offshoring at both the extensive and intensive margins. While the multilateral relationship is negative, a subsequent bilateral analysis shows that immigrants have connections in their country of origin that increase the likelihood that firms offshore to that particular foreign country.
Taking Innovation to the Streets: Microgeography, Physical Structure, and Innovation
Authors: Roche Maria P.
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we analyze how the physical layout of cities affects innovation by influencing the organization of knowledge exchange. We exploit a novel data set covering all census block groups in the contiguous United States with information on innovation outcomes, street infrastructure, as well as population and workforce characteristics. To deal with concerns of omitted variable bias, we apply commuting zone fixed effects and construct instruments based on historic city planning. The results suggest that variation in street network density may explain regional innovation differentials beyond the traditional location externalities found in the literature.
How Do Expectations about the Macroeconomy Affect Personal Expectations and Behavior?
Authors: Roth Christopher , Wohlfart Johannes
Published: August 2019

Using a representative online panel from the United States, we examine how individuals' macroeconomic expectations causally affect their personal economic prospects and their behavior. To exogenously vary respondents' expectations, we provide them with different professional forecasts about the likelihood of a recession. Respondents update their macroeconomic outlook in response to the forecasts, extrapolate to expectations about their personal economic circumstances, and adjust their consumption plans and stock purchases. Extrapolation to expectations about personal unemployment is driven by individuals with higher exposure to macroeconomic risk, consistent with macroeconomic models of imperfect information in which people are inattentive but understand how the economy works.
Predicting spatial and temporal effects of climate change on the South American lizard genus Teius (Squamata: Teiidae)
Authors: Minoli Ignacio , Cacciali Pier , Morando Mariana , Avila Luciano Javier
Published: August 2019

The consequences of past or future climate change have been studied in many physical and biological systems, and their effects could change the ecology and spatial distribution of suitable areas for a wide variety of organisms. We analyzed the environmental and geographic space of the current suitable area projecting these conditions into Mid-Holocene and 2050 RCP8.5 scenarios to quantify whether climate change would affect the distribution and size of environmental and geographic space for lizard species of the genus Teius. The potentially suitable geographic area for the Mid-Holocene was found to be smaller than today for T. oculatus (−29.55%) and for T. teyou (−6.82%), but for T. suquiensis it was inferred as a larger suitable area (+26%). For the future scenario all species showed a decrease in the potentially suitable area compared to the present (T. oculatus = − 9.30%, T. teyou = − 0.79%, T. suquiensis = − 37.58%). The PCA axes that in the environmental space showed a higher contribution for PC1-2 in Mid-Holocene and Present were mostly related to temperature and for PC3 with altitude variables, for the 2050 scenario were temperature for PC1, precipitation for PC2 and altitude-temperature for PC3. The current Teius’ potentially suitable geographic space results versus the other temporal forecasts, showed specific differences in magnitude changes. This work illustrates how ectothermic organisms might have to face major changes in their environmental and geographic space as a consequence of the effect of climate changes.
Adpositions in Media Lengua: Quichua or Spanish? – Evidence of a Lexical-Functional Split
Authors: Deibel Isabel
Published: August 2019

After decades of debate in linguistic theory, the lexical/functional status of adpositions is still controversial. Lexicon-Grammar mixed languages such as Media Lengua, spoken in Northern Ecuador, are excellent testing cases for such grammatical categories: This mixed language displays a conservative Quichua morphosyntactic frame while approximately 90% of its lexical roots are relexified from Spanish. Thus, due to the lexical-functional split Media Lengua displays, whether adpositions in this language are realized in Quichua or Spanish can speak to their status as a lexical/functional category. This study reports data from recent field research, conducted with speakers trilingual in Media Lengua, Quichua and Spanish who participated in two tasks (video description and translation). The results show a split between lexical and functional adpositions in Media Lengua, manifested in the dual-language realization of complex (multimorphemic) items: The lexical part of these complex items is relexified from Spanish while the functional part is retained in Quichua – even when participants are structurally primed. This suggests that Media Lengua across communities systematically follows Quichua morphosyntactic rules.
Hydnaceous fungi of China 7. Morphological and molecular characterization of Phellodon subconfluens sp. nov. from temperate, deciduous forests

Authors: MU YAN-HONG , WU FANG , YUAN HAI-SHENG
Published: August 2019

A new hydnaceous fungus, Phellodon subconfluens, from northeast China, is described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS sequences. The new species is characterized by circular to flabelliform basidiocarps, a greyish buff, brownish orange to reddish brown and obscurely zonate pileal surface with white, incurved margins, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septate, generative hyphae, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, thin-walled basidiospores with echinulate ornamentation. Molecular analysis confirms the phylogenetic position of the new species in Phellodon. The discriminating characters of the new species and closely related species are discussed.
Two new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from central Taiwan, with comments on some recent species assignments in Amynthas and Metaphire
Authors: SHEN HUEI-PING , CHANG CHIH-HAN , CHIH WEN-JAY
Published: August 2019

This study describes two new species of earthworms belonging to the genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from central Taiwan. They are named Amynthas luridus sp. nov. and Amynthas ruiyenensis sp. nov. Both species are octothecal with the former found at elevations of 1500–2300 m and the latter at an elevation of 2200 m from the Central Mountain Range. In addition, DNA barcodes are made available for the first time for the following species: Amynthas catenus Tsai et al., 2001, Amynthas exiguus aquilonius Tsai et al., 2001, Amynthas proasacceus Tsai et al., 2001, Amynthas hohuanmontis Tsai et al., 2002, Amynthas tessellatus Shen et al., 2002, Amynthas fenestrus Shen et al., 2003, Amynthas tantulus Shen et al., 2003, and Amynthas uvaglandularis Shen et al., 2003. Furthermore, Amynthas exiguus ssp. aquilonius Tsai et al., 2001 distributed at elevations of 2200–3000 m in the Central Mountain Range is elevated to species level, as A. aquilonius Tsai et al., 2001. The highest altitude record so far for the exotic Eukerria saltensis (Beddard, 1895) in Taiwan, 2200 m above sea level, is documented. Moreover, some recent assignments of species to Amynthas and Metaphire and synonymies of names are critically discussed. It is argued that idiosyncratic genus concepts, inadequate species comparisons, and unexplained synonymies should be avoided. A hitherto undetected and possibly monophyletic species group of mainly Korean Amynthas species in the A. tokioensis-group is indicated, characterized by numerous genital papillae around each spermathecal pore and male porophore, large ampullae, long diverticula, large prostate glands, and manicate intestinal caeca. The names A. bimaculata, A. silvatica and A. surcata (Ishizuka, 1999), as well as A. odaesanensis, A. righii, A. fasciiformis, and A. sanchongensis Hong & James, 2001, previously declared as junior synonyms of A. tappensis (Ohfuchi, 1935), are revalidated.
A revision of the concept of Mago O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882, and proposal of a new genus (Araneae: Salticidae: Amycini)
Authors: RUIZ GUSTAVO R.S. , MADDISON WAYNE P. , GALIANO MARIA ELENA
Published: August 2019

In this paper we redescribe the type species of Mago O. Pickard-Cambridge, M. intentus O. Pickard-Cambridge, and describe Mago brimodes Ruiz & Maddison sp. nov. from Ecuador. Based on both morphological features and the 16SND1 gene region, we concluded that the larger spiders traditionally identified as Mago, such as Mago acutidens Simon and related species, are not closely related to the small dark M. intentus (type species) and M. brimodes. Matinta Ruiz & Maddison gen. nov. is therefore proposed to hold most species previously included in Mago. The following species are transferred from Mago to the new genus: Matinta acutidens (Simon, 1900) comb. nov. (type species), Matinta apophysis (Costa & Ruiz, 2017) comb. nov., Matinta balbina (Patello & Ruiz, 2014) comb. nov., Matinta chickeringi (Caporiacco, 1954) comb. nov., Matinta delicata (Patello & Ruiz, 2014) comb. nov., Matinta fasciata (Mello-Leitão, 1940) comb. nov., Matinta fonsecai (Soares & Camargo, 1948) comb. nov., Matinta furcata (Costa & Ruiz, 2017) comb. nov., Matinta jurutiensis (Patello & Ruiz, 2014) comb. nov., Matinta longidens (Simon, 1900) comb. nov., Matinta mimica (Costa & Ruiz, 2017) comb. nov., Matinta opiparis (Simon, 1900) comb. nov., Matinta pardo (Costa & Ruiz, 2017) comb. nov., Matinta procax (Simon, 1900) comb. nov., Matinta saperda (Simon, 1900) comb. nov., Matinta silvae (Crane, 1943) comb. nov., Matinta similis (Patello & Ruiz, 2014) comb. nov., Matinta steindachneri (Taczanowski, 1878) comb. nov. and Matinta vicana (Simon, 1900) comb. nov. Mago dentichelis Crane, 1949 is transferred to Noegus Simon.
The role of electrical anisotropy and effective conducting thickness in understanding and interpreting static resistance measurements in CFRP composite laminates
Authors: Hart Robert J , Zhupanska OI
Published: August 2019

This study is focused on (i) the experimental characterization of the anisotropic electrical resistivity of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites and (ii) the development and experimental validation of predictive finite element (FE) models of the electrical response in CFRP laminates based on the concept of the effective conducting thickness. Two experimental methods have been developed to characterize the anisotropic electrical resistivities in three principle directions for the CFRP composite laminates using a direct current source. One method utilizes a traditional 6-probe resistance scheme and the alternative point-type 4-probe method is based on a handheld probe device similar to the JIS K7194 standard for homogenous plastics. An extensive experimental study has been conducted to characterize the anisotropic electrical resistivities of 16-ply unidirectional and 16-ply symmetric cross-ply IM7/977-2 and 32-ply unidirectional IM7/977-3 composites using the developed methods. Exploiting the concept of the effective conducting thickness, which describes the effective depth of current penetration through the thickness of an electrically anisotropic material, a unique methodology is developed for constructing FE models of these highly anisotropic CFRP materials. The concept of effective conducting thickness was identified as a critical component in achieving accuracy of the FE results as well as recovery of experimental resistivity from the alternative point-type 4-probe method. The FE models have been validated using the experimental results on the CFRP specimens of varying layup and thickness, and the techniques developed in this work may lead to advancements in non-destructive techniques in the areas of electrical characterization and damage sensing.
Overall buckling prediction model for fibre reinforced plastic laminated tubes with balanced off-axis ply orientations based on Puck failure criteria
Authors: Li Ruoyu , Zhu Ruijie , Li Feng
Published: August 2019

Fibre reinforced plastic tubes with balanced off-axis ply orientation exhibit excellent mechanical properties and are widely used in various types of structures. In this study, a theoretical prediction model was proposed to determine the overall buckling load and the failure mode of fibre reinforced plastic laminated tubes with off-axis ply orientation under axial compression. This model considers the transverse shear effect and adopts Puck failure criteria to perform an analysis based on deduced three-dimensional stress and strain fields. A series of carbon fibre reinforced plastics tubes with varying off-axis ply orientations and lengths were designed and prepared. Axial compression tests with effective end-reinforcement and hinge support were performed to validate the proposed prediction model. The results indicated that the predicted model results were in good agreement with the test results, with respect to ultimate loads, failure modes, and locations of failure. Parametric analysis on the influence of transverse shear effect was also conducted, which further explained the influencing degree of transverse shear effect considering different tube lengths, ply sequences, and initial deflection.
Regional value chains and spontaneous multi-employer wage coordination in China
Authors: Zhang Hao
Published: August 2019

This article explores how wage determination is coordinated within a regional value chain in China's auto industry and the underlying mechanism that governs this coordination. While the market-economy reform over the past four decades has granted firms considerable autonomy in managing their own employees, this case demonstrates that in China's private sector, wage determination is not at individual employers' full discretion. In general, scholars agree that Western-style formal institutional structures for wage coordination – centralized collective bargaining – have not been effectively established in China. But in Tianjin's auto industry, spontaneous multi-employer wage coordination occurs through informal arrangements that leverage a lead firm's control over its suppliers and various social networks that connect employers, labor unions, and workers in the locality. As a result, wages across the local auto industry are greatly compressed. This article concludes by discussing the important role of informal institutions in China's private governance.
Genetic quality assurance and genetic monitoring of laboratory mice and rats: FELASA Working Group Report
Authors: Benavides Fernando , Rülicke Thomas , Prins Jan-Bas , Bussell James , Scavizzi Ferdinando , Cinelli Paolo , Herault Yann , Wedekind Dirk
Published: August 2019

Genetic quality assurance (QA), including genetic monitoring (GeMo) of inbred strains and background characterization (BC) of genetically altered (GA) animal models, should be an essential component of any QA programme in laboratory animal facilities. Genetic quality control is as important for ensuring the validity of the animal model as health and microbiology monitoring are. It should be required that studies using laboratory rodents, mainly mice and rats, utilize genetically defined animals. This paper, presented by the FELASA Working Group on Genetic Quality Assurance and Genetic Monitoring of Laboratory Murines, describes the objectives of and available methods for genetic QA programmes in rodent facilities. The main goals of any genetic QA programme are: (a) to verify the authenticity and uniformity of inbred stains and substrains, thus ensuring a genetically reliable colony maintenance; (b) to detect possible genetic contamination; and (c) to precisely describe the genetic composition of GA lines. While this publication focuses mainly on mouse and rat genetic QA, the principles will apply to other rodent species some of which are briefly mentioned within the context of inbred and outbred stocks.
Plant sciences, public policies and food security
Authors: Zeigler Robert S
Published: August 2019

Food security was a major global concern in the second half of the 20th century. A positive feedback loop between public policy and technological innovation created abundant food supplies that averted predictions of famine and social chaos. Following the successful global effort to combat hunger, policy attention turned to problems of the environmental footprint of agriculture and other nutrition and diet-related health problems. Policies are developed in response to challenges presented by technology-induced change. As the rate of technological change accelerates, policy makers struggle to keep up and policies risk becoming irrelevant or stymying positive impact of innovation. Public or philanthropic investments created the foundation for private investment in technologies that have been widely adopted. As the public sector reduces its investments in research and development, it is not clear that the private sector has the appetite or means to make the needed investments. Examples of challenges facing agriculture and food security include access to and use of genetic resources, genetically modified crops and the global community’s ability to respond to and mitigate human-induced climate change. Proposed solutions to the world’s many serious challenges almost invariably involve some kind of coordinated and coherent multilateral institutional actions. Yet, today, global political trends appear to be shifting to more unilateral, bilateral and nationalistic perspectives hampering our capacity to respond effectively.
Partisan and Electoral Cycles in Privatisation
Authors: Peña-Miguel Noemí , Cuadrado-Ballesteros Beatriz
Published: August 2019

This study evidences the existence of partisan and electoral cycles in privatisation, by using a sample composed of 22 European countries during the period 1995–2013. Our findings suggest that privatisation reforms tend to be implemented by governments with different ideologies when elections are not immediate; however, results support a greater orientation of right-wing governments towards privatisation reforms in election periods. After the elections, right-wing governments continue adopting privatisation reforms, but governments from ideological traditions tend to oppose such reforms.
DNA Dreams': Teacher Perspectives on the Role and Relevance of Genetics for Education
Authors: Martschenko Daphne
Published: August 2019

Behavioural genetics regards intelligence and educational attainment as highly heritable (genetically influenced) and polygenic (influenced by many genes) traits. Researchers in the field have moved beyond identifying whether and how much genes influence a given outcome to trying to pinpoint the genetic markers that help predict them. In more recent years, behavioural genetics research has attempted to cross-over into the field of education, looking to play a role in education research and the construction of education policy. In response to these developments, this paper explores PreK-12 American educators’ perceptions of intelligence in relation to genetics and their views on the relevance of behavioural genetics findings for education. It does so within the context of an ugly history tied to race and racism and an uncertain future. Findings from this mixed-methods study suggest that US teachers believe that genetics play an important role in a student’s intelligence and academic achievement. Furthermore, teachers are open to learning more about the inclusion of genetics research in education policy. At the same time, however, teachers believe that the environment, and in particular parents and a child’s home environment, plays a substantial role in a student’s abilities and education outcomes.
Immigrant concentration at the neighbourhood level and bloc voting: The case of Amsterdam
Authors: Vermeulen Floris , Kranendonk Maria , Michon Laure
Published: August 2019

Bloc voting, whereby people vote for candidates of the same immigrant background as themselves, provides one possible avenue for immigrants to access political systems. A relevant but understudied element in the bloc voting process is the neighbourhood and, specifically, the effects of its demographic concentration. While we have observed how immigrant voters become socialised within the context of immigrant neighbourhoods, we do not yet understand how immigrant concentration at this level impacts immigrants’ political behaviour. Do such high levels relate more strongly to bloc voting than low levels? Using data from Amsterdam’s 2010 and 2014 local elections, this article compares voting patterns of the Dutch capital’s three largest immigrant groups: Turks, Moroccans and Surinamese. The study’s analyses determine whether changes within a neighbourhood relate to immigrant candidate votes. Our findings reveal that for some groups, the percentage of eligible co-immigrant voters in a neighbourhood shows a positive non-linear correlation with the percentage of votes for candidates of the same immigrant background. This illustrates that for these groups in these contexts a concentration effect is at play.
Overflow oscillations free implementation of state-delayed digital filter with saturation arithmetic and external disturbance
Authors: Parthipan CG , Kokil Priyanka
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a sufficient condition for exponential stability and confirms [Formula: see text] performance of state-delayed digital filters in the simultaneous existence of saturation arithmetic and external disturbance. The realization of limit-cycle free state-space digital filters is carried out by utilizing better characterization of saturation nonlinearities. The presented criterion not only ensures exponential stability but also reduces effect of external interference to a specific attenuation level. The obtained condition is in linear matrix inequality framework, so it is easily tractable. It is also shown that many results reported in literature may be retrieved as a special case from the proposed condition. With the help of numerical examples, it is shown that the presented approach provides enhanced stability region for the digital filters as compared to an existing criterion appeared in literature.
Television device ecologies, prominence and datafication: the neglected importance of the set-top box
Authors: Hesmondhalgh David , Lobato Ramon
Published: August 2019

A key element of the infrastructure of television now consists of various Internet-connected devices, which play an increasingly important role in the distribution, selection and recommendation of content to users. The aim of this article is to locate the emergence of streaming devices within a longer timeframe of television hardware devices and infrastructures, by focusing on the evolution of one crucial category of such devices, television set-top boxes (STBs). STBs are a taken-for-granted part of many people’s homes across the world, and their global presence and importance are still growing. However, they (and television hardware devices more generally) have been very rarely analysed in television and media studies. To address this lacuna, we trace the development of STBs, delineate changing patterns of ownership and control in STB markets and outline the diverse forms and functions of STBs. We then show how analysis of STBs enriches understanding of two key recent developments in television: increasing battles over prominence and discoverability in a newly abundant video landscape and the collection, analysis and exchange of viewer data by businesses. In doing so, the article shows the importance of television hardware in shaping television as a social and cultural institution.
Over-the-top sport: live streaming services, changing coverage rights markets and the growth of media sport portals
Authors: Hutchins Brett , Li Bo , Rowe David
Published: August 2019

The growth of over-the-top (OTT) Internet and mobile video streaming services is a major development in the distribution, transmission and consumption of global media sport. Heavily capitalised services such as Tencent Video, DAZN and Amazon Prime Video are intervening in coverage rights markets and changing how live sport is experienced and shared across television, computer, game console, tablet and smartphone screens. This article identifies and analyses six defining characteristics of OTT live sport streaming, and outlines three services (Tencent Video, DAZN and Amazon Prime Video) that operate across Asia, the United Kingdom, Europe, the Americas and Australasia. Its argument is that, first, live sport streaming is a key means by which television content and practices are escaping the boundaries of broadcast media, while also continuing to perpetuate the logics of television coverage and viewing practices. Second, drawing on Amanda D. Lotz’s conceptualisation of portals, it is proposed that these services are establishing new norms concerning how media sport is accessed and curated and, as such, their arrival signals a historic shift in the global marketplace for sport coverage rights and the media systems through which live content circulates.
Fandomization of online video or television in China
Authors: Fung Anthony YH
Published: August 2019

In this article, I explain a new media ecology for online television in which the online audience or fans and their participation play a stronger role in swaying the online video content or production. I call it fandomization of online television. Dependent on the number of online users and the viewership, online television platforms have to produce programs that align with the fans’ discourse and emotions to maximize their viewership. This results in a fan-discourse-led production, as in the case of China’s huge online video or television market. Based on my study of the top online television production company, Tencent Video, and its top television program, as well as ethnographic observations of their productions, I illustrate how Tencent Video manages fans by establishing a fan-based platform that works in tandem with its television platform. The dual television and fan-based platform of the television industry forms an interlocking web of the network of fans, their idols, and social media, with the consequences that social and political public discourse are highly synchronized in China’s extremely controlled Internet.
The effect of various blood management strategies on intraoperative red blood cell transfusion in first-time coronary artery bypass graft patients
Authors: Stammers Alfred H , Tesdahl Eric A , Mongero Linda B , Stasko Andrew
Published: August 2019

Effective blood management during cardiac surgery requires a multifactorial effort to limit exposure to allogeneic blood products. The present study evaluated the distribution of intraoperative interventions in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Records from patients undergoing non-reoperative surgery at 120 hospitals between January 2017 and December 2017 were reviewed, and red blood cell transfusion quartiles established. The 31 hospitals with the lowest transfusion rates fell into the first quartile (low transfusion group, n = 3,186 patients), while 29 hospitals with the highest transfusion were in the fourth quartile (high transfusion group, n = 2,561). A survey was sent to assess the blood management techniques: acute normovolemic hemodilution, autologous prime, fluid management, intraoperative autotransfusion, ultrafiltration, and transfusion triggers. All data are presented as mean (standard deviation). Patients in the low transfusion group had red blood cell transfusion rate of 5.5%, while the high transfusion group was 28.3%. There was no difference in gender or age. Fluid management was reduced in the low transfusion group with smaller prime volumes and anesthesia volumes, but higher crystalloid use during cardiopulmonary bypass. The low transfusion group did not use acute normovolemic hemodilution as often and had lower sequestered volumes when used. When ultrafiltration was used, the low transfusion quartile group removed more volume (1,555.9 ± 955.2 vs. 1,326.1 ± 918.9 mL, p ⩽ 0.001). In the low transfusion group, nadir hematocrit on–cardiopulmonary bypass averaged 1.6% lower and 3.0% lower for transfusion post–cardiopulmonary bypass. Intraoperative red blood cell units averaged 0.11 ± 0.50 U in low transfusion group compared to 0.63 ± 1.14 U in the high transfusion group. Mixed-effects logistic regression identified first in operating room and first on cardiopulmonary bypass hematocrit, estimated blood volume and nadir hematocrit transfusion trigger as the strongest predictors for red blood cell transfusion. Significant variation exists in the transfusion of red blood cell in coronary artery bypass graft patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass which may be related to the application of intraoperative blood management techniques.
Assessment of cerebral autoregulation in stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies at rest
Authors: Intharakham Kannakorn , Beishon Lucy , Panerai Ronney B , Haunton Victoria J , Robinson Thompson G
Published: August 2019

Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) has been shown to be impaired in cerebrovascular diseases, but there is a lack of consistency across different studies and the different metrics that have been proposed for assessment. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses involving assessment of dCA in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Thirty-three articles describing assessment of dCA with transfer function analysis (TFA) were included, with meta-analyses performed for derived parameters of gain, phase and autoregulation index (ARI). A total of 1233 patients were pooled from 12 studies on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and two studies on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In comparison with controls, TFA phase of AIS was significantly reduced (nine studies), in both hemispheres ( P < 0.0001). TFA gain provided inconsistent results, with reduced values in relation to controls, for both hemispheres. The ARI (six studies) was reduced compared to controls, in both hemispheres ( P < 0.005). In ICH, gain showed higher values compared to controls for the unaffected ( P = 0.01), but not for the affected hemisphere. Meta-analyses in AIS have demonstrated that phase and the ARI index can show highly significant differences in comparison with healthy controls, while ICH have been limited by the scarcity of studies and the diversity of units adopted for gain.
Attachment as Moderator of Perceived Social-Class Discrimination on Behavioral Outcomes Among Chinese Migrant Children
Authors: Song Ruizhe , Fung Joey J. , Wong Maria S. , Yao Ping
Published: August 2019

In this study, we examined the relations between perceived social-class discrimination, attachment, and behavior problems in a sample of Chinese migrant children in Beijing (age [Formula: see text] = 11.48, SD = 1.12; n = 179). Data were collected from two migrant schools in Beijing. The participants completed measures of perceived social-class discrimination, attachment to parents and peers, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The results indicated that perceived social-class discrimination was associated with more internalizing and externalizing problems. In addition, attachments to mother, father, and peer were negatively associated with behavior problems. Results of hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that child-father attachment significantly moderated the associations between perceived social-class discrimination and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The negative effects of perceived social-class discrimination on child outcomes were mitigated when children reported higher levels of attachment to their fathers. Child-mother and child-peer attachment demonstrated no moderating effects. The findings provide some evidence of child-father attachment’s unique contribution to child socioemotional development and protection against behavior problems associated with social risks.