bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telling Multiracial Tales
Authors: LeMaster Benny
Published: December 2013

What follows are experimental autoethnographic tales of ambiguous embodiment. The tales weave in and out of the text and work to articulate gender in unsuspecting spaces. Together, we reconsider gender through multiple locations at once. I offer an autoethnography of multiracial tales: a simultaneous telling of embodiment as it manifests in my multiracial body. Rather than privileging one “side” of the family over another, I experiment with a concurrent telling. That is, multivocality in one body. To help anchor the telling, I use the academy as an assemblage of meaning. In the end, I find that my White family resists and rejects my queer masculinity because of my pursuit of higher education while my Asian family embraces my queer masculinity because of the same pursuit. These stories can only be known when told and processed concurrently; never alone, and never separate.
Killing With Kindness
Authors: Frentz Thomas
Published: December 2013

This is a story about how my obsessive lifestyle inhibits the development of a new intimate relationship. The story unfolds in three parts—the first, documenting obsessive disorders from two medical perspectives; the second, personalizing the disorder in terms of my past relational life; and the third, working through my current relationship through an extended conversation between that intimate other and me.
Genome comparison of two Magnaporthe oryzae field isolates reveals genome variations and potential virulence effectors
Authors: Chen Chenxi , Lian Bi , Hu Jinnan , Zhai Huanchen , Wang Xingxing , Venu RC , Liu Erming , Wang Zhilong , Chen Meilian , Wang Baohua , Wang Guo-Liang , Wang Zonghua , Mitchell Thomas K
Published: December 2013

Background

Rice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is an important disease in virtually every rice growing region of the world, which leads to significant annual decreases of grain quality and yield. To prevent disease, resistance genes in rice have been cloned and introduced into susceptible cultivars. However, introduced resistance can often be broken within few years of release, often due to mutation of cognate avirulence genes in fungal field populations.

Results

To better understand the pattern of mutation of M. oryzae field isolates under natural selection forces, we used a next generation sequencing approach to analyze the genomes of two field isolates FJ81278 and HN19311, as well as the transcriptome of FJ81278. By comparing the de novo genome assemblies of the two isolates against the finished reference strain 70–15, we identified extensive polymorphisms including unique genes, SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) and indels, structural variations, copy number variations, and loci under strong positive selection. The 1.75 MB of isolate-specific genome content carrying 118 novel genes from FJ81278, and 0.83 MB from HN19311 were also identified. By analyzing secreted proteins carrying polymorphisms, in total 256 candidate virulence effectors were found and 6 were chosen for functional characterization.

Conclusions

We provide results from genome comparison analysis showing extensive genome variation, and generated a list of M. oryzae candidate virulence effectors for functional characterization.
Cognitive profile in patients with a first-ever lacunar infarct with and without silent lacunes: a comparative study
Authors: Blanco-Rojas Lorena , Arboix Adrià , Canovas David , Grau-Olivares Marta , Oliva Morera Joan Carles , Parra Olga
Published: December 2013

Background

The detection of early neuropsychological abnormalities as precursors of cognitive decline of vascular origin in patients with lacunar stroke is a subject of increasing interest. The objective of this study was to assess whether there were differences in the performance of a battery of neuropsychological tests in first-ever lacunar stroke patients with and without associated silent multiple lacunar infarctions found incidentally on the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.

Methods

A total of 72 consecutive patients with first-ever lacunar infarction were studied 1 month after stroke. All patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation, which included the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Phonetic Verbal Fluency Test (PMR), Semantic Verbal Fluency Test (category “animals”), Digit Span Forward and Backward from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Results

A total of 38 patients (52.7%) had silent multiple lacunar infarcts, with corona radiata as the most frequent topography (P < 0.023). White matter hyperintensities (leukoaraiosis) were observed in 81.1% of patients with silent multiple lacunar infarcts and in 50% with a single lacunar infarction (P < 0.007). Patients in both groups showed similar scores in the MMSE, but those with associated silent lacunar infarctions showed a poorer performance in the semantic fluency test (P < 0.008) and in short delayed verbal memory (P < 0.001). In both cases, however, leukoaraiosis was not statistically significant in multivariate linear regression models adjusted by confounding covariates. In these models, multiple silent lacunar infarctions and education were independent predictors of poor performance in the semantic fluency test and in short delayed verbal memory.

Conclusions

The presence of silent multiple lacunar infarctions documented on brain MRI scans in patients with first-ever lacunar stroke was associated with mild neuropsychological abnormalities, particularly in the performance of executive functions (semantic fluency) and short delayed verbal memory. According to these findings, in the initial stages of small vessel disease, mild neuropsychological abnormalities appear to be related to lacunes rather than to leukoaraiosis or perivascular hyperintensities of vascular cause.
Auditory pre-experience modulates classification of affect intensity: evidence for the evaluation of call salience by a non-human mammal, the bat Megaderma lyra
Authors: Kastein Hanna B , Kumar Vinoth AK , Kandula Sripathi , Schmidt Sabine
Published: December 2013

Introduction

Immediate responses towards emotional utterances in humans are determined by the acoustic structure and perceived relevance, i.e. salience, of the stimuli, and are controlled via a central feedback taking into account acoustic pre-experience. The present study explores whether the evaluation of stimulus salience in the acoustic communication of emotions is specifically human or has precursors in mammals. We created different pre-experiences by habituating bats (Megaderma lyra) to stimuli based on aggression, and response, calls from high or low intensity level agonistic interactions, respectively. Then we presented a test stimulus of opposite affect intensity of the same call type. We compared the modulation of response behaviour by affect intensity between the reciprocal experiments.

Results

For aggression call stimuli, the bats responded to the dishabituation stimuli independent of affect intensity, emphasising the attention-grabbing function of this call type. For response call stimuli, the bats responded to a high affect intensity test stimulus after experiencing stimuli of low affect intensity, but transferred habituation to a low affect intensity test stimulus after experiencing stimuli of high affect intensity. This transfer of habituation was not due to over-habituation as the bats responded to a frequency-shifted control stimulus. A direct comparison confirmed the asymmetric response behaviour in the reciprocal experiments.

Conclusions

Thus, the present study provides not only evidence for a discrimination of affect intensity, but also for an evaluation of stimulus salience, suggesting that basic assessment mechanisms involved in the perception of emotion are an ancestral trait in mammals.
Using state level employment thresholds to explain Okun’s Law
Authors: Herzog Ryan W
Published: December 2013

In this paper we implement a non-dynamic panel threshold model for fifty U.S. states to better understand the factors determining changes in Okun’s Law. We test for asymmetries in Okun’s Law controlling for changes in industry employment. We find changes in output on unemployment are least sensitive for states with relatively large employment within government, construction, and natural resources sectors and lower employment levels in financial, professional and business services and manufacturing sectors. States with lower manufacturing employment have a less sensitive output to unemployment relationship, but the reverse does not apply. States with larger shares of employment within manufacturing sectors do not have a significantly more sensitive relationship compared to the national average.

JEL codes

E3; R1; J6
Full employment: a distant dream for Europe
Authors: Gill Indermit , Koettl Johannes , Packard Truman
Published: December 2013

Today, Europe is a continent of low participation, low employment labor markets. Many observers would like to blame poor employment outcomes on the Euro or on austerity. But these are dangerous distractions from real problems that constitute imperatives for structural reform. There are differences across countries, but there is a “European model” of work: almost every European economy has more stringent employment protection and more generous social benefits than peers in North America, Oceania, and East Asia. This has led to low labor force participation and high unemployment, especially among young Europeans. Layered on top of these weak labor markets is the rapid onset of aging; if policies are not changed, Europe will lose about a million workers every year for the next five decades, especially in the 2030s. In short, Europe has to increase both the demand for and supply of labor. To do so, Europeans have to begin viewing competition as a necessary good, not an unnecessary evil. Restructuring unemployment and pension benefits will help to increase participation and reverse the decline of the workforce, but policies that promote competition for jobs and mobility of job-seekers are needed to increase the demand for labor. To get to full employment, Europe has to alter the employment protection laws that give too much power to those with jobs while marginalizing others to the fringes of the economy. Europeans will have to reduce and restructure the generous social benefits that simultaneously discourage young people from searching seriously for work and encourage older workers to quit work too early. Europeans will have to view mobility of workers as a prerequisite of European integration, not just a possible consequence of it. If all this is augmented by reforms to reduce public debt, encourage enterprise and innovation, and stabilize finance, Europe will have a vibrant economy, with high participation and full employment.

Jel codes

I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs, J08 - Labor Economics Policies, J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure, J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity, J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions, J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
Octavia Butler's Novels of Enslavement
Authors: Dubey Madhu
Published: December 2013

Octavia Butler's various novels of enslavement are generally read within the critical framework of the fantastic neo-slave narrative. According to critical consensus, even as this genre disrupts realism in order to reveal continuities between past and present, it nonetheless retains a firm grip on the historical referent of American chattel slavery. Focusing on Kindred, Wild Seed, and Parable of the Sower, which engage most directly with the history of American slavery, this essay argues that Butler's narratives of enslavement significantly diverge from the genre of the fantastic neo-slave narrative insofar as they deploy fantastic modes to probe the points of rupture as much as to establish parallels between antebellum slavery and the post–civil rights present. With their multiple frames of reference (to racialized American slavery, cross-racial reproductive enslavement, or labor servitude imposed on a multiracial population), these novels thwart interpretive efforts to restrict their referents to the history of American slavery. Paradoxically, I argue, it is only by tracking the slippery referents of Butler's novels of slavery—their uneven shifts between historical and futuristic, realist and fantastic narrative registers—that we can grasp their distinctively historical exploration of the workings of race in the post–civil rights period.
Transnational Healing in Pauline Hopkins's Of One Blood; Or, the Hidden Self
Authors: Fraser Gordon
Published: December 2013

Recent criticism of Pauline Hopkins's now canonical final magazine novel, Of One Blood; or, The Hidden Self (1902–3), can generally be separated into two broad categories. On the one hand, critics such as Susan Gillman and Shawn Salvant have interrogated the ways in which the novel contests the multivalent structures of hysteria, trauma, miscegenation, and incest in an effort to undermine dominant modes of representing African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century. On the other hand, critics such as Cynthia Schrager and Colleen O'Brien have looked to the ways in which the novel interacts with transnational models of black national identity in order to better define the position of African Americans both within and beyond the borders of the United States. This article bridges the gap between these interpretations by showing how Hopkins employed Jamesian psychology in order to confront transhistorical, diasporic black traumas and, partly, to conceive of ways to heal those traumas. The article argues that Hopkins's novel points to the connections between transpersonal experiences of trauma and their transnational corollaries. William James was concerned with how transpersonal communication and multiple consciousnesses could heal whole societies, and Hopkins's novel recognizes and builds provisionally upon this. At the same time, this article argues that Hopkins ultimately rejects much of James's approach and that the qualities of confusion, contradiction, and contingency that many readers of Hopkins's text have noted in fact constitute a response to James's theories—a statement recognizing the unfinished quality of diasporic black political action.
Form and Violence in Trollope'sThe Macdermots of Ballycloran
Authors: Bigelow Gordon
Published: December 2013

Anthony Trollope's first novel, The Macdermots of Ballycloran (1847), is concerned with social and political conflict in rural Ireland; it is marked by episodes of extreme violence and by a generally episodic and ad hoc narrative form. In the early 1840s, when Trollope began writing, the form that had mastered the containment of violence was the historical novel, and Macdermots is clearly attempting to come to terms with the inheritance of Sir Walter Scott. It is equally preoccupied with the tradition of the Irish national tale, in particular with the models of national restoration promoted in the work of Maria Edgeworth. The national tale and the historical novel offered different but overlapping assessments of the colonial process in Celtic Britain, each relying on its own vision of economic and cultural development. Trollope's book applies a skeptical critique to these earlier generic formations, evaluating and rejecting the emerging liberal vision of history they each encode. But in rejecting the resolutions that Scott and Edgeworth proposed, Macdermots cancels out any possible resolution within its own form.
Bad Timing andUlysses's Failed Jokes
Authors: Eide Marian
Published: December 2013

James Joyce's Ulysses is punctuated by bad jokes. While the novel is itself comedic, the scripted rhetoric of humor throughout the narrative fails, revealing fractures in an Irish community divided by shared colonial experience. Good jokes depend on both communal feeling and participants' desire to experience time as pleasurably oriented to future gratification. Ulysses's bad jokes are symptoms of the striated and retrogressive experience of a colonized community, which is politically oriented to the past. Humor in Ulysses takes place in a nonsynchronous time (to adopt Ernst Bloch's term) at odds with the rhetorical forms of joking that are more usually associated with anticipation and futurity. The anteriority of the novel's joking is a reminder of the cultural memory in which Dublin is steeped; historical grievances, which in many ways determine each character's private grief, are set against the novel's prospective comedic form. In other words, Joyce counters the retrospective political life with his novel's comedic orientation to the future.
The Memory of the Book: The Particular Bodies ofDaniel Deronda
Authors: Lurz John
Published: December 2013

This essay reorients discussions of Daniel Deronda from its rather tortured generic classifications to a more focused awareness of the novel's particular material medium of transmission in the book. It contrasts the investment in generic forms evinced by Gwendolen and Daniel in the first half of the novel with the embrace of a specific, concrete embodiment, which the relationship between Mordecai and Daniel outlines in the book's second half—that part that F. R. Leavis famously wanted, with a rather explicit emphasis on the materiality of the book, to cut away. As the novel traces this transition from general ideas to their individualized incarnations, it explores the way in which the affective investment necessary for this conversion depends on a prolonged experience of shared time and space. By showing how the novel extends to written documents themselves the effects of shared time and space that it details, the essay develops a concept of “book memory” that, in a much more personal way than the larger field of “book history,” indexes the affective investment of an individual reader in a particular copy of a book. As a particular book bears the traces of a reader's individual experience, it takes on a kind of “aura,” which Walter Benjamin has located in “original” artworks by embodying the temporality of that reading experience. By excavating the role that the object of the book plays in the transmission of Deronda, itself published in eight monthly sections, the essay sheds new light on what makes Eliot's last novel such a particular book.
Stereospecific Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrocoupling of P(O)–H Bonds with Amines Catalyzed by Copper
Authors: Zhou Yongbo , Yang Jia , Chen Tieqiao , Yin Shuang-Feng , Han Daoqing , Han Li-Biao
Published: December 2013

Copper-catalyzed stereospecific oxidative dehydrocouplings of P(O)–H bonds with amines under air took place efficiently at room temperature to afford the corresponding amidophosphorus compounds in high yields. Mechanistic studies showed that this dehydrocoupling reaction proceeded stereospecifically with inversion of stereochemistry at phosphorus.
Cladonia lichens on extensive green roofs: evapotranspiration, substrate temperature, and albedo
Authors: Heim Amy , Lundholm Jeremy
Published: December 2013

Green roofs are constructed ecosystems that provide ecosystem services in urban environments. Shallow substrate green roofs subject the vegetation layer to desiccation and other environmental extremes, so researchers have evaluated a variety of stress-tolerant vegetation types for green roof applications. Lichens can be found in most terrestrial habitats.  They are able to survive extremely harsh conditions, including frequent cycles of desiccation and rehydration, nutrient-poor soil, fluctuating temperatures, and high UV intensities. Extensive green roofs (substrate depth <20cm) exhibit these harsh conditions, making lichens possible candidates for incorporation into the vegetation layer on extensive green roofs.  In a modular green roof system, we tested the effect ofCladonialichens on substrate temperature, water loss, and albedo compared to a substrate-only control. Overall, theCladoniamodules had significantly cooler substrate temperatures during the summer and significantly warmer temperatures during the fall.  Additionally, theCladoniamodules lost significantly less water than the substrate-only control. This implies that they may be able to benefit neighboring vascular plant species by reducing water loss and maintaining favorable substrate temperatures.
Physical Characterization of Wheat-based Bread Dough during Frozen Storage
Authors: Lim Jongbin , Lee Seung Young , Han Jung Sook , Yoo Sang-Ho , Lee Suyong
Published: December 2013

The quality attributes of wheat-based frozen bread dough were investigated before and after baking from the physicochemical point of view. Mixolab results showed that the water absorption, stability time, and development time of wheat flour were 59.20%, 8.77 min, and 5.41 min, respectively. The frozen storage of bread dough at -20°C for 2 weeks raised its values of extensibility and resistance to extension, and led to less viscous properties during fermentation. After baking, the bread prepared with frozen dough exhibited a significantly lower loaf volume by 11.19% mainly due to reduced yeast activity and degraded gluten network. Frozen storage produced bread with harder texture which could be correlated with lower loaf volume. In the case of bread color, the crust of the bread prepared with frozen dough was darker compared to freshly-made dough bread. This study provides fundamental information for better understanding of the physicochemical properties of bread dough during frozen storage.
Studies on Physico-Chemical Characterization of Starch Extracted from Domestic Barley Cultivars
Authors: Jeong Yong-Seon , Kim Jeong-Won , Lee Eui-Seok , Han Young-Yi , Gil Na-Young , Lee Mi-Ja , Lee Gyu-Hee , Hong Soon-Taek
Published: December 2013

The physicochemical properties of starch extracted from domestic barley cultivars (Saessal, Saechal, and Heenchal barley) and the rheological properties of its suspension upon heating were investigated. The amylose contents of starch from Saessal, Saechal, and Heenchal barley were 29.38, 3.3, and 2.43%, respectively. In water binding capacity and swelling power the lowest values were found with Saessal starch and those of the two other cultivars (Saechal and Heenchal) were similar to each other. Scanning electron microscopy showed that three barley starches consisted of large, elliptical-shaped A-granules and small, spherical B-granules, further confirmed by particle size measurement (i.e., bimodal distribution). With differential scanning calorimetry analysis the gelatinization temperature range (i.e., T0−Tp) was found to be wider and higher in the order of Saechal > Heenchal ≥ Saessal starch. The lowest enthalpy (ΔH) for gelatinization was found in Saessal starch. From RVA (rapid visco analysis) and small-deformation oscillatory measurements, it was suggested that Saessal starch formed a gel with high strength but was prone to retrograde, while starch from Saechal and Heenchal formed a weak gel but showed a fairly low degree of retrogradation.
Effect of Roll-in Fat Type on Danish Pastry Quality Properties
Authors: Choi Eunhye , Kang Tai-Young , Cho Hye Young , Im Moo-Hyeog , Shim Soon-Mi , Ko Sanghoon
Published: December 2013

This study shows the effects of fat types on the quality properties Danish pastry prepared with butter, margarine, and shortening as a roll-in fat. The viscoelastic properties of dough for Danish pastry and its volume, surface color, and texture after baking were investigated. The Danish pastry prepared with butter as a roll-in fat showed the biggest volume and relatively small and uniform cell structure in the crumb compared to those prepared with margarine and shortening. Danish pastry dough prepared with shortening was the most elastic during a frequency sweep test using 0.1 to 0.8 Hz while the dough of Danish pastry prepared with shortening and margarine had similar rheological properties at a frequency sweep from 1.0 to 10 Hz. The hardness values of Danish pastry prepared with margarine and shortening were found to be 1.51±0.04 and 2.99±0.19 N, respectively, which are significantly different from the texture of the Danish pastry prepared with butter (p < 0.05).
Physical Characteristics and Nutrient Composition of Parboiled Rice using Japonica Rice Cultivars
Authors: Yoo Jae-Soo , Park Hyun-Su , Cho Young-Chan , Lee Jeom-Ho , Ha Ki-Young
Published: December 2013

This study was conducted to compare the physical characteristics and nutrient composition of raw and parboiled rice in rice cultivars. The equilibrium moisture content of raw and parboiled rice increased in 75°C compared to soaking condition (25°C) and the time taken to reach the equilibrium was shorter in 75°C compared to soaking condition (25°C). The Boramchan and Pyeongan cultivars showed higher water binding capacity of raw and parboiled rice, respectively, which was increased 2.3-3.5 times after parboiling. In amylogram characteristics, the initial pasting temperature was increased, the peak viscosity was lowered, and the setback became higher after parboiling. The alkali digestion value showed negative correlation with initial pasting temperature in raw rice and scored higher in parboiled rice through gelatinization by steaming. The mineral composition of raw and parboiled rice was analyzed by the highest K content and P > Mg > Ca >Na > Fe > Zn >Mn in turn. The total mineral content was increased by 2.5-6.1 times after parboiling. Vitamin B1 content was highest in the Boramchan raw rice at 0.1410 mg/100 g and it increased in parboiled rice 2.5-6.1 times.
Effect of Acetylation on Physicochemical Properties of Mungbean and Acorn Starches
Authors: Choi Soo Young , Kim Ha Yun , Park Bo Ram , Yoo Seon Mi , Han Hye Min
Published: December 2013

This study was performed to identify the physicochemical properties of acetylated mungbean starch (AMS) and acetylated acorn starch (AAS). AMS and AAS were prepared by the reaction of mungbean and acorn starch with acetic anhydride and passed through a 100-mesh sieve. The blue values of AMS and AAS were higher than those of native starch. Swelling power and solubility were increased by acetylation reaction. As for Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) properties, the pasting temperature of AMS and AAS was decreased to 64.4 and 74.8°C, respectively, lowering 2-6°C in temperature by acetylation reaction. But peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and setback were decreased in AMS, while AAS was increased. AAS gels were significantly decreased in TPA features, including hardness, springiness, chewiness, and gumminess.
Prediction of the Melamine Particle Concentration in Milk Powder Using Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging and Partial Least Square Regression Model
Authors: Lim Jong-Guk , Kim Moon S. , Baek Insuck , Mo Chang yeun , Lee Hoyoung , Kang Sukwon , Lee Kangjin , Kim Giyoung
Published: December 2013

Melamine has been reported to be responsible for kidney stones and renal failure among infants and children. Conventional detection methods, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC), are sensitive enough to detect trace amounts of the contaminant, but they are time consuming, expensive, and laborintensive. Hyperspectral imaging methods, which combine spectroscopy and imaging, can provide rapid and nondestructive means to assess the quality and safety of agricultural products. In this study, near-infrared hyperspectral reflectance imaging combined with partial least square regression analysis was used to predict melamine particle concentration in dry milk powder. Melamine particles, with concentration levels ranging from 0.02% to 1% by weight ratio (g/g), were mixed with dry milk powder and used for the experiment. Hyperspectral reflectance images in the wavelength range from 992.0 nm to 1682.1 nm were acquired for the mixtures. Then PLSR models were developed with several preprocessing methods. Optimal wavelength bands were selected from 1454.5 nm to 1555.6 nm using beta-coefficients from the PLSR model. The best PLSR result for predicting melamine concentration in milk powder was obtained using a 1st order derivative pretreatment with Rv2=0.974, SEP=±0.055%, and F=6.
Changes of Volatile Aldehydes in Soybean Oil Used for Deep-fat Frying in Large-scale Catering
Authors: Park Hye-Jung , Yim Joo Hyuk , Um Kyoung Hwa , Kim Jeong-Soon , Lee Sang Mi , Kim Young-Suk
Published: December 2013

Changes in the contents of volatile aldehydes due to lipid oxidation in soybean oil during the deep-fat frying of fried squid rings were determined using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 16 aldehydes such as pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, (Z) or (E)-2-heptenal, octanal, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, (E)-2-dodecenal, nonanal, (E)-2-nonenal, decanal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, 4-oxononanal, (Z) or (E)-2-decenal, undecanal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, and 2-undecenal were identified in the soybean oil during frying process in mass food service. The relative contents of five aldehydes such as pentanal, hexanal, (Z) or (E)-2-heptenal, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, and (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal were significantly increased in the frying oil used over 3 times. Also, there were significant differences in the relative contents of the seven aldehydes such as (E)-2-dodecenal, nananal, (E)-2-nonenal, 4-oxononanal, (Z) or (E)-2-decenal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, and 2-undecenal between control and used soybean oil.
Characterization of Bacteriocin Produced from Pediococcus pentosaceus KC-007 Isolated from Onion
Authors: Park Gwi-Gun , Gang Jongback , Park Young-Seo
Published: December 2013

Bacteriocin was maximally produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus KC-007 in the late exponential phase in MRS broth. The activity of bacteriocin was completely inactivated by proteinase K, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, and subtilisin A, but not by catalase, lysozyme, lipase, ribonuclease A, and alpha-amylase. Furthermore, its activity was not affected by pH changes ranging from 2 to 8 and heat treatment at 100°C for 60 min or autoclaving. The activity of bacteriocin remained after treatment of organic solvents or detergent such as acetone, chloroform, ethanol, hexane, isopropanol, methanol, SDS, or Tween 20. Therefore, the bacteriocin isolated in this study could be used for a food preservative due to its growth inhibition against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157-H7, and Listeria monocytogenes.
Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Achievement Goals Questionnaire among Nigerian Preservice Mathematics and Science Teachers
Authors: Awofala Adeneye O. A. , Arigbabu Abayomi A. , Fatade Alfred O. , Awofala Awoyemi A.
Published: December 2013

Introduction. The stability of the achievement goal orientation across different contexts has been a source of further research since the new millennium. Through theoretically-driven and empirically-based analyses, this study investigated the psychometric properties of the Elliot and McGregor 2×2 framework for achievement goal questionnaire within a communal con-text.Method. Based on classical test theory, the present study attempted to explore the stability of the 2×2 framework for Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ) using exploratory factor analysis involving the principal components extraction with orthogonal and oblique rotations.Results. Results support the factor structure of the 2×2 achievement goal framework in the collectivist culture context.Discussion. The present study provides evidence that suggests that achievement goal construct as measured by AGQ, appears to be culturally and contextually invariant thus reinforcing the four-factor model namely mastery-approach, performance-approach, mastery-avoidance, and performance-avoidance in domain specific context. Future research should focus on determining the psychometric properties of the 2×2 achievement goals in Mathematics Education Questionnaire and Science Education Questionnaire using both the classical test theory and modern item response theory to refute or generalise existing results
Effects of recovered wood on the formaldehyde release of particleboards
Authors: Himmel Sarah , Irle Mark , Legrand Guillaume , Perez Rosa , Mai Carsten
Published: December 2013

Three-layer polymeric diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate (pMDI)-bonded particleboards (PBs) were produced with different proportions of simulated recovered wood (rW) in the core layers (cLs) to assess the effect of rW on the formaldehyde (FA) release of PB. A pre-test was conducted on furniture and particle mixtures of rW to determine the range of expectable FA emission of rW. The FA content of the raw particle mixtures could be predicted from the contents of the individual raw material and did not change compared to the PB. FA content correlated strongly with PB-FA emission. It was possible to predict the maximum PB-FA contents, which should not be exceeded according to F**** and CARB 2 by linear regression models. At moderate and high total FA emission levels, the FA emission of the particle mixtures was approximately 60% higher than the emission of PB blocks. At low total FA level, the flask method and the gas analysis method exhibited different results with regard to the emissions from particles and their respective PBs.
The electric resistance and the transport properties of carbon nanotube with a Cu chain: A First-Principle study
Authors: Yang Chengyu , Chen Quanfang
Published: December 2013

The electric resistance and the transport properties of a carbon nanotube (5,5) adsorbed with a copper chain connected with two copper end electrodes have been calculated by employing the nonequilibrium Green’s function and the Density Function Theory. The properties of the pure carbon nanotube (5,5) with the Cu electrodes have also been calculated as a reference. Both the equilibrium and the nonequilibrium conditions have been investigated. The results have shown that the electrical resistance of the metallic CNT (5,5) has been reduced by the adsorption of the Cu chain due to the interaction between the Cu and the CNT. The change of the I-V curve slope is also explained in terms of the transmission spectrum.
On the Dynamics of Graphdiyne Hydrogenation
Authors: Autreto P. A. , de Sousa J. M. , Galvao D. S.
Published: December 2013

Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal array of carbon atoms in sp2-hybridized states. Graphene presents unique and exceptional electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. However, in its pristine state graphene is a gapless semiconductor, which poses some limitations to its use in some transistor electronics. Because of this there is a renewed interest in other possible two-dimensional carbon-based structures similar to graphene. Examples of this are graphynes and graphdiynes, which are two-dimensional structures, composed of carbon atoms in sp2 and sp-hybridized states. Graphdiynes (benzenoid rings connecting two acetylenic groups) were recently synthesized and they can be intrinsically nonzero gap systems. These systems can be easily hydrogenated and the amount of hydrogenation can be used to tune the band gap value. In this work we have investigated, through fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations with reactive force field (ReaxFF), the structural and dynamics aspects of the hydrogenation mechanisms of graphdiyne membranes. Our results showed that depending on whether the atoms are in the benzenoid rings or as part of the acetylenic groups, the rates of hydrogenation are quite distinct and change in time in a very complex pattern. Initially, the most probable sites to be hydrogenated are the carbon atoms forming the triple bonds, as expected. But as the amount of hydrogenation increases in time this changes and then the carbon atoms forming single bonds become the preferential sites. The formation of correlated domains observed in hydrogenated graphene is no longer observed in the case of graphdiynes. We have also carried out ab initio DFT calculations for model structures in order to test the reliability of ReaxFF calculations.
Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Matrix for Inducing Noncovalent Interactions Toward Enhanced Catalytic Performance of Metallic Electrode
Authors: Hoa Le Q. , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Saito Masato , Tamiya Eiichi
Published: December 2013

Herein, we investigated the noncovalent interactions derived from functionalized carbon nanotube matrices grafting metallic alloy PtRu nanoparticle-decorated Vulcan carbon (fMWCNTs-g-PtRu/C) toward the enhancement of alcohol oxidation reactions. The fMWCNTs noncovalently grafted PtRu/C was successfully synthesized and demonstrated significant enhancement of the electro-catalytic activity and stability toward alcohol oxidation reactions as revealed by electrochemical characterizations. The presented results indicate that the grafting matrix specifically enhances ethanol oxidation reaction kinetics much more than methanol and propanol oxidation reactions. Since the same loading of PtRu/C was used for all tests, the differentiation between these reactants revealed the different strength of noncovalent interactions between the functional matrix and corresponding reactants. This result reveals a new strategy for using fMWCNTs matrix as potential catalyst supports due to its facile fabrication and functionalization, cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness, factors in which all of them are necessary for the practical application of direct alcohol fuel cells in near future.
The Hydrogenation Dynamics of h-BN Sheets
Authors: Perim Eric , Paupitz Ricardo , Autreto P. A. S. , Galvao D. S.
Published: December 2013

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), also known as white graphite, is the inorganic analogue of graphite. Single layers of both structures have been already experimentally realized.

In this work we have investigated, through fully atomistic reactive molecular dynamics simulations, the dynamics of hydrogenation of h-BN single-layers membranes.

Our results show that the rate of hydrogenation atoms bonded to the membrane is highly dependent on the temperature and that only at low temperatures there is a preferential bond to boron atoms. Unlike graphanes (hydrogenated graphene), hydrogenated h-BN membranes do not exhibit the formation of correlated domains. Also, the out-of-plane deformations are more pronounced in comparison with the graphene case. After a critical number of incorporated hydrogen atoms the membrane become increasingly defective, lost its two-dimensional character and collapses. The hydrogen radial pair distribution and second-nearest neighbor correlations were also analyzed.
Graphyne Oxidation: Insights From a Reactive Molecular Dynamics Investigation
Authors: Machado L. D. , Autreto P. A. S. , Galvao D. S.
Published: December 2013

Graphyne is a generic name for a family of carbon allotrope two-dimensional structures where sp2 (single and double bonds) and sp (triple bonds) hybridized states coexists. They exhibit very interesting electronic and mechanical properties sharing some of the unique graphene characteristics. Similarly to graphene, the graphyne electronic properties can be modified by chemical functionalization, such as; hydrogenation, fluorination and oxidation. Oxidation is of particular interest since it can produce significant structural damages.

In this work we have investigated, through fully atomistic reactive molecular dynamics simulations, the dynamics and structural changes of the oxidation of single-layer graphyne membranes at room temperature. We have considered α, β, and γ-graphyne structures. Our results showed that the oxidation reactions are strongly site dependent and that the sp-hybridized carbon atoms are the preferential sites to chemical attacks. Our results also showed that the effectiveness of the oxidation (estimated from the number of oxygen atoms covalently bonded to carbon atoms) follows the α, β, γ-graphyne structure ordering. These differences can be explained by the fact that for α-graphyne structures the oxidation reactions occur in two steps: first, the oxygen atoms are trapped at the center of the large polygonal rings and then they react with the carbon atoms composing of the triple bonds. The small rings of γ-graphyne structures prevent these reactions to occur. The effectiveness of β-graphyne oxidation is between the α- and γ-graphynes.
Electron Irradiation of Graphene Field Effect Transistor Devices
Authors: Woo Sung Oh , Teizer Winfried
Published: December 2013

We report the effects of electron irradiation on graphene Field Effect Transistor (FET) devices. We irradiated the graphene devices with 30keV electrons and measured the electrical transport properties in high vacuum in-situ. Upon electron irradiation, a Raman ‘D’ band appears. In addition, we observed that the doping behavior of the graphene devices changed from P to N type as a result of the irradiation. We also observed a shift of the Dirac point while the graphene FET device stays in vacuum and after it interacted with environmental molecules under ambient conditions.
Covalent Chemical Modification of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Azide Functionalised Anthraquinone Derivatives for Pseudocapacitor Application.
Authors: Frayère Charlotte , Galindo Christophe , Divay Laurent , Paté Michel , Le Barny Pierre
Published: December 2013

Electrodes made of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) chemically modified by a series of anthraquinone derivatives (AQ) have been prepared and characterized by cyclic voltammetry in 0.1M H2SO4, using the standard 3 electrode set-up and by Raman spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that a AQ modified SWCNT electrode provided between 114 to 220% higher specific capacitance, compared to pristine SWCNT electrode, depending on the length of the spacer between SWCNT and AQ.
Confiabilidade de um instrumento para classificar o recém-nascido segundo a complexidade assistencial
Authors: Bosco Caroline de Souza , Toma Edi , Oliveira Sonia Maria Junqueira Vasconcellos de , Belli Maria Aparecida de Jesus
Published: December 2013

Na maioria das maternidades, a classificação, a avaliação e a definição da unidade a encaminhar o recém-nascido (RN) após o nascimento são realizadas pelo médico. A avaliação ocorre na sala de parto considerando: peso ao nascer; idade gestacional; condutas que definem quadro clínico e doença. Este estudo observacional teve como objetivo avaliar a confiabilidade de um instrumento de classificação de RN. A pesquisa foi realizada no berçário de um hospital público, São Paulo. Nove enfermeiras aplicaram o instrumento a 63 RN, sendo duas simultaneamente em cada um dos cinco setores do berçário. Verificou-se que o nível de concordância Kappa entre as enfermeiras foi excelente para a maioria das áreas de cuidado (69,0%). Concluiu-se que houve consenso e concordância das enfermeiras quanto ao instrumento ser completo, de fácil entendimento e aplicável, porém despende muito tempo. As enfermeiras reconhecem a importância do instrumento para o dimensionamento dos profissionais, organização e planejamento do cuidado.
Analgesia e sedação durante a instalação do cateter central de inserção periférica em neonatos
Authors: Costa Priscila , Bueno Mariana , Oliva Cintia Luiza , Castro Talita Elci de , Camargo Patrícia Ponce de , Kimura Amélia Fumiko
Published: December 2013

Objetivou-se caracterizar as estratégias de analgesia e sedação em neonatos submetidos à instalação do cateter central de inserção periférica (CCIP) e relacioná-las ao número de punções venosas, duração do procedimento e posicionamento da ponta do cateter. Estudo transversal com coleta prospectiva de dados, realizado em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos neonatais de um hospital privado na cidade de São Paulo, no período de 31 de agosto de 2010 a 01 de julho de 2011, em que foram avaliadas 254 inserções do CCIP. A adoção de estratégias analgésicas ou sedativas ocorreu em 88 (34,6%) instalações do cateter e não esteve relacionada ao número de punções venosas, duração do procedimento ou posicionamento da ponta do cateter. As estratégias mais frequentes foram a administração endovenosa de midazolam em 47 (18,5%) e fentanil em 19 (7,3%) inserções do cateter. Recomenda-se maior adoção de estratégias analgésicas antes, durante e após o procedimento.
Percepções da família da criança com doença crônica frente às relações com profissionais da saúde
Authors: Baltor Marja Rany Rigotti , Matos Ana Paula Keller de , Wernet Monika , Ferreira Noeli Marchioro Liston Andrade , Dupas Giselle
Published: December 2013

A prevalência de doença crônica na infância tem aumentado, impondo à família contato contínuo com profissionais de saúde, ocasião em que a relação desempenha papel relevante. Raras explorações científicas abordam tal temática, apesar de ser apontada como núcleo fundamental para a interação efetiva. O objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar como a família de criança doente crônica percebe sua relação com os profissionais de saúde. Foram entrevistados 20 cuidadores de criança com doença crônica. O referencial teórico e metodológico adotados foram, respectivamente, o Interacionismo Simbólico e a análise de conteúdo temática. O processo analítico revelou quatro categorias temáticas: papel do cuidador, relações angustiantes, serviços e profissionais e buscando relações acolhedoras. O resultado deste processo interacional que apresenta incongruência de expectativas e comportamentos entre profissional e família é falho e gera sentimento de desamparo, o qual é amenizado pela escuta e compreensão de outras famílias em situação similar.
Estrutura e fluxo da rede de saúde como possibilidade de mudança nos serviços de atenção psicossocial
Authors: Antonacci Milena Hohmann , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Willrich Janaína Quinzen , Argiles Carmen Terezinha Leal , Coimbra Valéria Cristina Chistello , Bielemann Valquíria de Lourdes Machado
Published: December 2013

As mudanças na atenção à saúde mental exigem novas formas de estruturar e transitar nas redes de saúde. Objetiva-se entender de que forma os trabalhadores avaliam a estrutura da rede na qual estão inseridos e como se utilizam dela como instrumento para a reabilitação psicossocial. Trata-se de um recorte qualitativo da pesquisa Redes que reabilitam – avaliando experiências inovadoras de composição de redes de atenção psicossocial . Foram analisadas entrevistas dos seis trabalhadores do Serviço Residencial Terapêutico de Alegrete e quatro diários de campo. Os resultados apontam para a transversalidade da rede, as relações entre seus diferentes dispositivos, as alianças para efetivação do cuidado em liberdade, a responsabilização para com os usuários e as relações entre os moradores e os trabalhadores no espaço serviço/casa. Conclui-se que na rede de Alegrete existem espaços que favorecem os fluxos entre os sujeitos envolvidos, tornando o trabalho objeto de pensamento e transformação.
Atribuições do enfermeiro na unidade básica de saúde: percepções e expectativas dos auxiliares de enfermagem
Authors: Soares Cândida Elizabete dos Santos , Biagolini Rosângela Elaine Minéo , Bertolozzi Maria Rita
Published: December 2013

O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar as percepções e expectativas dos Auxiliares de Enfermagem (AE) que trabalham em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de uma região do Município de São Paulo, sobre as atribuições do enfermeiro. Estudo qualitativo que utilizou a metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Foi realizado em três UBS, com 20 AE. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, realizadas em 2007. Constatou-se que para os AE entrevistados as atribuições do enfermeiro estavam associadas às atitudes pessoais no cotidiano do trabalho, que o enfermeiro era prestador da assistência direta, que tinha o papel de orientador e coordenador, bem como excesso de atribuições. As expectativas dos entrevistados foram: participação do enfermeiro no atendimento direto ao usuário, competência para coordenar a equipe e avaliar as necessidades dos usuários. Conhecer as atribuições do enfermeiro é importante para responder apropriadamente às necessidades da coletividade.