bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Do Carmo Gisleine , Fernandes Marcellos Cíntia
Published: January 2025

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as metodologias ativas utilizadas na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) e sua contribuição para o processo de formação discente, a partir de uma revisão sistemática integrativa. O estudo buscou especificamente identificar e sistematizar essas metodologias ativas e analisar os desafios e as potencialidades encontrados na sua aplicação. Por meio de busca na base de dados Web of Science, foram analisados 6 artigos, abrangendo o período de 2013 a 2022. Os resultados revelaram uma variedade de metodologias ativas, desde ferramentas tecnológicas como gamificação até estratégias adaptáveis em sala de aula, como a sala de aula invertida e a aprendizagem baseada em problemas. A análise dessas metodologias destacou seu potencial transformador na EPT, a partir da promoção do engajamento dos estudantes e do uso estratégico da tecnologia para uma aprendizagem mais dinâmica e efetiva. Apesar das potencialidades, foram também destacados desafios como resistência à mudança, ausência de formação dos docentes e falta de recursos, sobretudo quando as metodologias estão associadas a recursos tecnológicos. A análise dos dados deste estudo revela de forma inequívoca que a persistência dos educadores e instituições na adoção ativa dessas metodologias resulta em melhorias na participação dos alunos, no desempenho acadêmico e no desenvolvimento de habilidades cruciais. Esses achados destacam a importância de uma implementação contínua e informada dessas abordagens, capacitando os estudantes de maneira efetiva para os desafios específicos enfrentados no contexto educacional contemporâneo.
Bridging Ethics and AI: A Path to Moral Machines
Authors: Aijaz Aisha
Published: January 2025

Ethics is ubiquitous in most domains, requiring much deliberation due to its philosophical nature. Varying views often lead to conflicting courses of action where ethical dilemmas become challenging to resolve. The major driving forces to make such a decision can be discretized and simplified to provide an indication of the most ethical course of action in a context. Given the parallel ubiquity of AI systems in these domains, it becomes increasingly imperative to work towards building inherently ethical AI that holds the ability to reason morally. This work proposes the use of knowledge representation and neurosymbolic techniques to develop resources for inherently ethical AI. It presents a three-phase framework towards bridging the path to moral machines: (a) Applied Ethics Ontology to make explicit the abstract concepts and relationships, (b) Dataset and graph generation using LLMs to develop a benchmark data store for ethical reasoning, and a (c) Case-based Reasoning algorithm to implement the philosophical concept of casuistry to make moral judgments and resolve ethical dilemmas.
Data Cleaning, Discard Studies, and Discretionary Power
Authors: Barlas Pınar
Published: January 2025

Data cleaning is an overlooked yet impactful step in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) development pipeline, leading to negative downstream impacts when performed carelessly. Using Discard Studies as a framework, I propose an ethnographic study of how data practitioners exercise their discretionary power during the data cleaning process, particularly with respect to discarded data. The in-depth knowledge of the data cleaning process gained as a result of this study will allow us to improve guidelines and education on data cleaning for more ethical AI development.
Enhancing Transparency and Research Ethics through Human AI Techniques
Authors: Chakravorti Tatiana
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the empirical sciences have confronted a crisis of confidence following high-profile replication projects reporting disappointing results. The 'replication crisis' has led to widespread introspection and calls for reform across various fields. At the heart of this movement is the fundamental belief that reproducing, replicating, and interrogating published claims is essential to science. To facilitate this, many in the scientific community have emphasized the importance of openness and transparency in research, well-aligned incentives for researchers, robust peer review, and improved methods for meta-analyses over scientific corpora. Our work identifies with this movement, and in particular, highlights opportunities for emerging technologies to contribute to novel solutions in this space.

This research proposes a coherent research agenda exploring artificial intelligence (AI) and hybrid human-AI technologies to support the evaluation of the replicability of scientific findings and understanding of science as a set of social and cultural processes. We discuss work developing and testing a new class of AI algorithms, specifically, artificial prediction markets populated by algorithmic traders who buy and sell contracts representing the outcomes of replication studies of published research outcomes. Given the critical role of human intuition and experience in making it more trustworthy, we explore ways in which artificial prediction markets can be modified to include human participants, so-called hybrid prediction markets. We study these hybrid systems both in simulation and in pilot testing with human participants in a real-world scenario. In a series of studies, we engage in extensive surveys and interviews with researchers to better understand the usefulness and design requirements for both AI and hybrid human-AI technologies in the scientific workflow. We solicit feedback on artificial and hybrid markets for estimating the replicability of published claims and focus on the role of transparency and explainability in evaluating scientific integrity. We aim to situate these concerns within social and cultural contexts, making explicit the norms and incentives driving current research ecosystems.
Schools of AI in the Public Sector: Fairness and Accountability Concerns
Authors: Elliott Marc T.J
Published: January 2025

As decision-making algorithms become more prevalent in society, the importance efficiency and problem-solving abilities come into question when predictions impact individuals’ lives. High-risk applications require trusted AI systems to be designed with fairness and accountability; such trust and consideration is essential for public acceptance and successful deployment.
Despite growing advocacy for ethical and trustworthy AI, along with the emergence of guidelines like the EU AI Act, controversies surrounding AI persist in the media. Public sector AI systems are being implemented haphazardly, whether in judicial decision-making, healthcare diagnostics, or social welfare distribution. These high-risk applications directly affect citizens’ quality of life, highlighting the need for a critical assessment of how AI are being designed and deployed in the public sector.
My thesis explores the integration of fairness, accountability, and uncertainty in public sector AI to assess whether these systems are appropriately designed, effectively adapted, and capable of enhancing societal well-being. The research aims to provide actionable insights for designing AI systems that align with public sector needs and maximize societal benefits.
The Main Challenges of AI Ethics: Historical Contextualization, Black-Boxing, Social Biases, Labor Invisibility
Authors: Konstantis Konstantinos
Published: January 2025

In the research described here, I argue that an adequate approach to AI ethics should include the four topics below. My aim is to answer the question of which are the necessary topics that someone should have under consideration in order to make an adequate approach to AI ethics. First, a critical history of AI, which focuses not on the technical differentiations between previous and following technologies, but on the social, economic, and political context in which artificial intelligence is designed, developed, and used. Second, an overview of the issues that most of the time are described as AI ethics, such as fairness, accountability, and transparency, in order to have the ability to understand what is missing from these approaches. A study on the black box of AI is necessary, not only from a technical perspective, but mainly from a perspective that is directly related to the political, social, and economic reasons that enforce and reinforce this black box, revealing, among others, the social relations, the hidden labor, and the “unintelligence” that are hidden under this black box. Third, an analysis of specific cases through critical approaches which take into account capitalism, with all the social, political, and economic relations that are connected with it. In this way, the emergence of biases, inequalities, and discriminations, becomes not a bag, but the substance of AI. Fourth, a study on the hidden labor of AI and the concerns regarding the future of work and AI. The study on hidden labor which is related with AI, is important in order, first, to criticize the intelligence and autonomy of AI systems, and second, to make visible the terrible working conditions of some workers, as a try to change them. The discussion regarding the future of work should not only contain discourses regarding the circular function of capitalism or vague ideas about ethical implementations of AI in the workplace. An adequate discussion should take into account the social, political, and economic relations of our society and ultimately challenge the current form of capitalism. I argue that all the above should be included in an adequate study of AI ethics.
Enhancing Human-AI Collaboration through Adaptive Interaction and Explainability
Authors: Li Zhaobin
Published: January 2025

AI is rapidly evolving, and human-AI collaboration is becoming more prevalent. Developing robust, adaptive, and transparent models is key to improving human-AI collaboration. My research explores the intersection of AI explainability and adaptive interaction to enhance collaborative decision-making. Building on my previous work in AI explainability, adversarial robustness, and adaptive algorithms, I aim to develop adaptive interaction mechanisms that are resilient to adversarial attacks and intuitively understandable to human collaborators.
Tree-Based Approaches for Interpretable Modeling in Healthcare
Authors: Murris Juliette
Published: January 2025

Survival analysis models time-to-event data in oncology, such as cancer relapse or death, to evaluate treatment effects. Machine learning (ML) advancements, particularly ensemble methods like random survival forests (RSF), enhance predictive accuracy but often lack interpretability, posing challenges for clinical trust and regulatory compliance. This work addresses these limitations by systematically reviewing health authority criteria for AI interpretability, assessing existing methods like SurvSHAP and SurvLIME, and developing an RSF extension to handle multiple clinical events with novel metrics for performance evaluation. Future efforts focus on integrating model-specific interpretability through TreeSHAP and SurvSHAP to provide robust, time-dependent explanations, enabling the alignment of predictive power with clinical transparency in oncology care.
MAIT Cell–Mediated Immune Mechanisms of Dialysis-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis and Therapeutic Targeting
Authors: Sun Yuxiang , Huang Qiang , Sun Juan , Zhou Hu , Guo Dandan , Peng Long , Lin Hongchun , Li Canming , Shang Hongli , Wang Tongtong , Chen Yanxu , Huang Yong , Hu Cheng , Hu Zhaoyong , Lu Yan , Peng Hui
Published: January 2025

Background:

Peritoneal fibrosis is a serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) and abdominal surgeries, yet effective treatments remain elusive. Given the known roles of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in immune responses and fibrotic diseases, we investigated their involvement in PD-induced peritoneal fibrosis to identify potential therapeutic targets.

Methods:

We employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry to characterize the activation and function of peritoneal MAIT cells in patients undergoing long-term PD. Our investigation focused on the molecular pathways activated by these cells, particularly the MHC class I–related protein 1 (MR1)-mediated interaction with mesothelial cells and subsequent activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway. We further assessed the impact of inhibiting MAIT cells on fibrogenesis using both in vitro models and Mr1 knockout mice.

Results:

Our study revealed that long-term PD significantly enhanced the activation of MAIT cells, particularly the pro-inflammatory MAIT17 subtype. These activated cells contributed to peritoneal fibrogenesis by binding to the MR1 receptor on mesothelial cells, which triggered hyperglycolysis through the mTORC1 pathway, ultimately leading to fibrogenesis. Notably, we demonstrated that blocking the MR1-MAIT interaction, either through genetic knockout or pharmacological inhibition with acetyl-6-formylpterin (Ac-6-FP), effectively mitigated fibrosis.

Conclusions:

This study identified MAIT cells as crucial drivers of PD-induced peritoneal fibrosis.
Some teaching modalities overview and the particularities of Blended Learning
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Buitrago García Hilda Clarena
Published: January 2025

This critical reading seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of some of the most popular teaching modalities, their characteristics, and models. Some of their advantages and challenges are also addressed. Understanding the distinctions among these educational models is necessary for educators from all walks of life. This is especially true for higher education settings where administrators, teaching staff and student population are expected to innovate and to succeed in emerging learning environments. Taking this into account, face-to-face, long distance, and online education are described. A brief description of different online or e-learning modalities is also offered. It also includes an in-depth explanation of what B-learning, a model widely used at UCC, is about, its models and its advantages and disadvantages. One conclusion is that learning about the fundamental aspects of each of these learning modalities can help both teachers and students to make the most of them and, therefore, improve both teaching practices and learning outcomes. B-learning has emerged as a solution for the institutions and teachers who are willing to innovate through the use of emerging technologies applied in both face-to-face and online educational interactions.
Why agent prominence persists even under challenging conditions
Authors: Bardají Maria , Schneider-Blum Gertrud , Philipp Markus , Dolscheid Sarah
Published: January 2025

The agent of an event – the one who is performing the action – plays a central role in human cognition and in linguistic structure. Critically, the privileged role of the agent is argued to be a general phenomenon, relevant for all languages. However, in this paper, we zoom in on typological patterns that deviate from the typologically prevalent way of coding agent prominence. We focus on languages in which agents may not be marked as default and on languages that do not exhibit a general preference for placing the agent argument in sentence-initial position, namely Tima (a split ergative language) and Totoli (a language with a symmetrical voice system). Totoli also does not have a preference for linking agents to subject functions. Here we shed new light on how agent prominence is reflected in these typologically diverse languages. Furthermore, by bringing together typological studies, corpus work, and elicitation data, as well as evidence from psycholinguistic and neurophysiological studies, we conclude that agents maintain a privileged status across languages, even if typological features seem to suggest otherwise. More generally, we propose that cross-linguistic comparison – especially considering data from highly diverse languages – offers key insights into which aspects of agent prominence interact with language-specific properties and how a concept of a general agent prominence still remains universally applicable.
Rutas literarias: (inter)espacio didáctico para leer, caminar y hablar el libro / Reading itinerary: (inter)didactic space to read, walk and talk the book
Authors: Sánchez García Miguel , Suárez-Robayna Juana Rosa
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the role of literary routes in the context of reading animation strategies. Particularly, those aspects that make the literary route an ideal tool for improving literary competence are claimed. The relationship already established between reader and text is now joined by the experience with whom the work mediates on the route: an expert voice that encourages interaction in the recognized and vivified space of the story. With a mixed methodology (data triangulation), the acceptance of the literary route in different educational communities is diagnosed along with the process developed by its active agents (managers and monitor). The conclusions reveal the strengths of the literary route in the heat of the new emotional ties that are strengthened in its layout along with its competence advancement.
Los itinerarios de lectura y las constelaciones literarias como artefactos didácticos / Reading itineraries and literary constellations as didactic artifacts
Authors: Martos García Alberto E.
Published: January 2025

This paper deals with the role of literary constellations as didactic artifacts aimed at tracing intertextual and multimodal itineraries, as well as the most widespread methodologies. A multidisciplinary theoretical review and example and case studies significant to literary education are applied, establishing criteria for possible didactic interventions within educational practices.
     In conclusion, the didactic significance of the artifactual approach to literary constellations and its relationship with multimodality is highlighted, describing possible strengths and weaknesses of the method.
Singleplex Assay for Function Measurements v2
Authors: Ross David
Published: January 2025

This protocol outlines an assay for measuring the function of plasmid variants in singleplex. The inputs include separate E. coli glycerol stocks for each variant. The protocol begins with several growths which convert the separate glycerol stocks into cultures that have reach stationary phase in a 96-well plate. The glycerol stocks are first grown overnight in separate tubes. The next morning, the optical density (OD) of each culture is measured, and then each culture is distributed into a 96-well growth plate. This plate is placed in a plate reader/incubator to grow to stationary phase (~12 hours) without antibiotics or additives (except those required for plasmid maintenance). After this point, the cultures are ready to act as an inputs for next growth cycle. Throughout the subsequent growths, optical density (OD) and fluorescent measurements are recommended to be taken every 5 minutes and at the end of each growth plate's incubation. The growth cycles are all ~3 hours long, so that cells stay in mid-log phase. At the end of the last growth cycle, a small amount of the plated cultures act as input for quantification using a flow-cytometer and fluorescent beads. Note that unlike the related fitness assays, this assay does not use a selection antibiotic. Contents of each growth plates 2-3: Growth plate 2: This growth plate contains additives to initiate gene expression, but no selection antibiotic. Growth plate 3: This growth plate contains additives to initiate gene expression, but no selection antibiotic.
Dosagem de proteínas por BCA v2
Authors: Paiva Trajano Isis
Published: January 2025

O ensaio de ácido bicinconínico (BCA) é um método bioquímico que determina as concentrações de proteína entre 20 e 2000 μg/mL numa solução.A dosagem de proteínas por BCAé feita através da mudança de cor da solução, que passa de azul para roxo.O valor de absorbância da amostra é comparado a uma curva padrão para determinar a concentração de proteína. Pierce BCA Protein Assay The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay is a biochemical method that determines protein concentrations ranging from 20 to 2,000 μg/mL in a solution. Protein quantification by BCA is performed through a color change in the solution, which shifts from blue to purple. The absorbance value of the sample is compared to a standard curve to determine the protein concentration.
Ergonomía en los sistemas de salud
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Rodríguez Ruiz Yordán , Torres Medina Yaniel ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Pérez Mergarejo Elizabeth ,   Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
Published: January 2025

Este libro, además de explicar detalladamente los fundamentos teóricos y las herramientas prácticas para la integración de la ergonomía en los sistemas de salud desde los modelos más conocidos, presenta un nuevo modelo, denominado modelo de integración de la ergonomía en los sistemas de salud (MIESS) o “modelo del muro de protección”, el cual fue galardonado con el tercer lugar en el concurso del Mes Nacional de la Ergonomía, de 2021, auspiciado por la Human Factors and Ergonomics Society de Estados Unidos.
El modelo propuesto resultó de una sinergia de visiones provenientes de dos países con sistemas de salud diferentes, uno en desarrollo, el sistema de salud de Colombia, y otro robusto y consolidado, el de Inglaterra, aspecto (elemento) que contribuye a la universalidad del modelo.
Uso de corpus propios en la enseñanza del léxico formulaico en el aula de Español como lengua extranjera (ELE)
Authors: Zeman Filip
Published: January 2025

This article proposes and illustrates with examples new Spanish as a foreign language teaching strategies which are based on the Lexical Approach empowered by the creation and didactic use of self-compiled corpora. The proposed methodology is aimed at the teaching of multiword expressions. Our proposition derives from the latest acknowledgements in the areas of second-language vocabulary teaching and corpus linguistics. We will present a series of activities which are created around the use of self-compiled corpora. The activities make use of the different tools of the corpus manager and text analysis software Sketch Engine. Subsequently, the article examines the didactic potential of such activities.
Ontología del paisaje
Authors: Cepeda Juan , Mejía Huamán Mario
Published: January 2025

The article explores, from an onto-poetic perspective the deep connection between the human being and the landscape, arguing that both are interdependent and influence each other. From a sentimentalized perspective it explores how landscape is not only a physical context in which we live, but also an integral part of our existence and spirituality. Through poetic narrative we explore diverse cultural traditions, such as the Quechua, and examine how landscape has been perceived and valued throughout history. At the same time, the article addresses the transformation of the landscape and its impact on humanity, as well as the responsibility of human beings in its conservation and restoration. It emphasizes the need for an integral understanding of landscape that includes ecological, spiritual and cultural aspects. In addition, a critical reflection on the exploitation of the environment and the importance of adopting an attitude of care and respect towards nature is proposed.
La fenomenología como método liberador en la filosofía intercultural desde y para América Latina
Authors: Bravo Sanabria Ximena
Published: January 2025

The article explores how phenomenology, particularly in the context of Latin America, can become a liberating tool by questioning colonial structures of thought and creating an intercultural dialogue that respects diverse worldviews. Latin America has historically been a site of oppression and marginalization, from colonialism to neoliberalism, and this legacy of subjugation has fueled a philosophy aimed not only at understanding but also at transforming this reality.
Phenomenology, with its focus on lived experience and Husserl's phenomenological reduction (epoché), enables questioning Eurocentric frameworks and recovering marginalized forms of knowledge and life. From this perspective, the  “lifeworld “ (Lebenswelt) is not singular but plural, adapting to the experiences and contexts of each culture. Authors such as Raúl Fornet-Betancourt and Enrique Dussel propose a phenomenology that confronts cultural colonialism and promotes an ethical and political recognition of the oppressed  “Other “ (the indigenous person, the peasant, the marginalized woman) allowing for a dialogue where these peoples are neither assimilated nor instrumentalized.
The intercultural philosophy emerging here does not seek a homogeneous universality but rather a plurality that preserves cultural identities and acknowledges their contributions. Phenomenology thus enables the construction of  “conviviality “ or harmonious coexistence in a  “pluriverse, “ where all worldviews and ways of life have a place. This approach not only challenges modernity and Eurocentrism but also proposes the need to build social and political relationships that go beyond individual interests, promoting an ethic of coexistence and complementarity. In sum, the proposed intercultural philosophy seeks to decolonize thought and position Latin America within a space of dialogue and resistance to the dominant world-system
Tres usos del término “cultura”
Authors: Moreno Ruiz Esteban
Published: January 2025

En este artículo se explica la evolución del uso del concepto de cultura desde su origen, en la segunda mitad del siglo I a. C., hasta el siglo XXI. El primer significado, el universalista, fue utilizado desde Cicerón hasta la Ilustración, y explicaba la cultura como conjunto de aprendizajes y saberes que convertían al hombre en ser humano, abandonando, así, su estado animal y salvaje; fue la tradición ilustrada la que unió cultura a progreso y civilización. La visión romántica fue expuesta por Herder; explicó el término como el cultivo del espíritu y de la actividad literaria; esta interpretación se opuso al uso de cultura como progreso técnico, industrial y urbano; además, descubrió y magnificó la cultura popular. La visión antropológica de cultura fue expuesta por Tylor; defendía la existencia de una civilización uniforme conformada por diferentes situaciones culturales que eran consecuencia de las distintas etapas de desarrollo de cada sociedad humana; por tanto, mostraba uniformidad humana y, a la vez, diferentes grados de evolución dentro de esa uniformidad; estas afirmaciones mostraron la existencia de “tribus inferiores” y de “naciones superiores”. El objetivo final de Tylor era conseguir un esquema de la evolución de la cultura y con ello demostrar que su tendencia ha sido pasar del salvajismo hacia la civilización. En la época actual se usa el término de cultura de forma polisémica y abusiva; su polisemia deriva de su utilización para denominar cualquier realización humana relacionada con las representaciones simbólicas del mundo o con su conocimiento racional, con realizaciones más cotidianas y localistas o con comportamientos, hábitos y actitudes. Y esta polisemia lleva a ese excesivo uso del concepto.
nuevos consulados americanos, mito y realidad (1785-1830)
Authors: Amores Carredano Juan Bosco
Published: January 2025

La historiografía reciente sobre los nuevos consulados americanos parece mantener de algún modo la idea, difundida por los primeros trabajos académicos sobre el tema, de que la iniciativa de su creación correspondió a las elites de las capitales donde se establecieron y, al mismo tiempo, que representaron un logro de esas elites contra el centralismo de los gobiernos borbónicos y el monopolio mercantil. A partir de una parte de esa misma historiografía y de fuentes primarias en principio inéditas, en este trabajo sostenemos que la iniciativa para su establecimiento fue siempre de la Corona, desde 1778 y hasta su creación efectiva en torno a 1793/1795, salvo en algún caso aislado, y se discute también sobre el modelo y el supuesto carácter de esos consulados como “institución corporativa de antiguo régimen”. Además, se evalúa la eficacia de su actuación en relación al fomento económico de sus respectivos territorios.
Evaluating functional outcome of patients with limb length discrepancy after total hip replacement: a clinical prospective study
Authors: Kamaldeep  , Singh Dhalwinder , Aditya
Published: January 2025

Background: Total hip arthroplasty is a reliable procedure for relief of pain in patients with avascular necrosis of head of femur and osteoarthritis of hip joint. In order to optimize function, hip mechanics should be restored to as near normal as possible. This includes restoration of limb length as well as femoral offset after total hip arthoplasty. There are two types of limb length discrepancies-apparent and true. Apparent Limb length discrepancy is due to pelvic obliquity. True limb length discrepancy is actual discrepancy caused due to under or oversized implants or due to contracture of tissues not allowing bones to achieve their anatomical position.
Methods: Surgeries were performed at Dayanand medical hospital. Preoperative templating was performed in all cases. Patients were examined before surgery and six months after surgery. In order to compare the outcomes of patients with different degrees of leg length discrepancy, patients were divided into four groups. The limb length discrepancy was measured both clinically and radiologically.
Results: Leg length discrepancies were there in postoperative patients. 3 have shortening of more than 5 mm, 8 have lengthening between 5-10 mm, 7 patients have lengthening more than 10 mm, 28  have  discrepancy within 5mm. Functional outcome of patients was measured by using Harris hip score at a follow up of six months. In our series mean preoperative Harris hip score was 45.59 and mean Harris hip score at follow up was 89.70 (97–84), of which 52.2% graded as excellent and 47.8% as good.
Conclusions: In our study we found no correlation between leg length discrepancy and functional outcome following total hip arthroplasty was found.
Effect of ramucirumab on progression free survival and quality of life in conventional drug resistant or metastatic non-squamous variant of non-small cell lung cancers: a pilot study
Authors: Kumari Neelam , Dwivedi Rambit Chandra , Singh Krishna Kant , Yadav Shailendra Kumar , Kumar Dharmendra , Singh Dhirendra Pratap
Published: January 2025

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in India overall with the lowest five-year survival rate. Early detection of lung cancer is challenging due to the absence of usual clinical signs.
Methods: This non-randomised, single-arm, retrospective and prospective, pilot observational study enrolled 20 adult patients who have histologically or cytologically confirmed metastatic/drug-resistant/relapsed non-squamous NSCLC, having measurable disease at the time of study entry as defined by the response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST) with an Eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG)  performance status score of 0 to 2 and adequate organ function are eligible to participate in the study.
Results:  The survival rate is exceedingly poor in the case of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. The primary mass shrunk in size as the sum of the largest diameters (SLD) fell by a modest 12.22% up to the third chemotherapy cycle and a further 9.78% up to the sixth chemotherapy cycle. The progression-free survival duration was found 250.82 days, or roughly 8.33 months, and the overall survival (OS) period was 459 days, or approximately 15.3 months. Overall, the mean trial outcome index increased by 9.31% with additional chemotherapy cycles, while FACT-L increased by a comparable 24.25 percent.
Conclusions: Angiogenesis inhibitors, due to their novel mechanism of action, provide new therapeutic options for metastatic NSCLC. Despite our inability to draw statistically significant conclusions from these encouraging data, our experience with ramucirumab has been truly pleasant thus far.
Pregnancy problems: a case report
Authors: Findlay Nicholas
Published: January 2025

Appendicitis is a common surgical cause of abdominal pain. Investigation and diagnosis of the cause of right lower quadrant abdominal pain is more complex in women who are pregnant. A 27 year old, 34 week pregnant female presented with migratory RIF pain. Inflammatory markers were mildly elevated. There was a strong patient preference to avoid unnecessary. In this case we demonstrate the importance of keeping a broad differential diagnosis despite imaging findings. With a higher index of suspicion in this case surgery could potentially have been avoided. This could have avoided potential morbidity and additional psychosocial stress during the patient’s pregnancy. As such the limitations of diagnostic certainty with imaging especially less common modalities such as MRI should be appreciated.
Thoracoscopic management of a giant horseshoe shaped oesophageal leiomyoma: a case report
Authors: Arunachalam Kirthika , Sanniyasi Saravanan , Iyyappan Ponniah , Kanthan Pandian Sri Lakshmi
Published: January 2025

Benign oesophageal tumours are considered rare, and most common are leiomyomas with the incidence of 0.005%. Many cases are asymptomatic, up to 15%–50%, and most cases are discovered incidentally. These may vary in size but are typically smaller than 3 cm. Giant esophageal leiomyoma is defined as tumour greater than 10 cm in diameter. Traditionally, open thoracotomy and enucleation have been the primary treatment modalities for oesophageal leiomyoma. However, in recent years, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) enucleation has gained recognition for its proven advantages as a minimally invasive surgical option. Herein we present our experience with patient presenting with cough rather than dysphagia as a main symptom, who was diagnosed to be having giant oesophageal leiomyoma. VATS guided enucleation was accomplished successfully. Size of lesion was 10.0×8.0×7.0 cm. Postoperative recovery was uneventful.
Patterns of febrile seizures: analysing seasonal, diurnal and socioeconomic correlations in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M. Ziaur , Salim A. F. M. , Ghosh Nabo Krishna , Sultana Azmeri
Published: January 2025

Background: Febrile seizures (FS) are a common neurological disorder in children, often triggered by fever without evidence of central nervous system infections. This study explores the demographic, seasonal, diurnal and socioeconomic patterns of febrile seizures among children in Bangladesh.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 298 children aged 5 months to 5 years admitted with febrile seizures at a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, seizure patterns and socioeconomic status and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The majority of febrile seizures occurred in children aged 13–18 months (35.57%) with a male predominance (72.48%). Seizures were brief, with 50.34% lasting≤1 minute and most occurred within 6 hours of fever onset (51.01%). Diurnal variation showed the highest incidence between noon and evening (51.68%). A bimodal seasonal distribution was observed, with peaks in January (12.08%) and July (11.07%). Bronchiolitis (37.92%) and diarrhea (27.18%) were the most common comorbidities. Firstborn children (86.58%) and those with normal nutritional status (93.29%) were predominantly affected.
Conclusions: Febrile seizures in the study population showed distinct demographic, temporal and socioeconomic patterns, aligning with global trends. The findings underscore the importance of early fever management, targeted interventions during seasonal peaks and caregiver education to reduce seizure-related morbidity.
Morbidity and mortality pattern of neonates admitted into a newly established special care baby unit at Asaba specialist hospital, Asaba, Nigeria
Authors: Ajaegbu Obinna C. , Igbosewe Peace A. , Omoyibo Efe E. , Okowa Samuel R. , Rosemary Ossai R. , Mbagwu Nkemjika E. , Ajaegbu Faith N.
Published: January 2025

Background: Neonatal morbidity and mortality has remained high in Nigerian and other low and middle-income countries (LMIC) despite numerous advances in newborn care. A periodic review of the common causes of morbidity and mortality will aid in evaluating the practices and improving service delivery. aimed at reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality pattern of neonates admitted into the special care baby unit (SCBU) of Asaba specialist hospital, Delta state, Nigeria.
Methods: This was a 3-year retrospective study, carried out at the SCBU of Asaba specialist Hospital, Asaba, between January 2021 and December 2023. Factors including age, sex, weight, diagnosis and outcome were studied.
Results: A total of 1,604 neonates were admitted and managed in the SCBU during the period under review with a female to male ratio of 1.3:1. The commonest cause of admission was perinatal asphyxia (23.0%), prematurity (21.4%) and neonatal sepsis (18.5%). The mortality rate was 13.2% were the commonest causes of death been prematurity (26.2%), perinatal asphyxia (17.8%) and neonatal sepsis (7.8%). Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) rate of is 6.7%.
Conclusions: The study showed that prematurity, perinatal asphyxia and neonatal sepsis remain the commonest cause of admissions and death in our SCBU.
A study on hospital acquired infections in paediatric patients admitted in paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital of central Gujarat
Authors: Patel Bhargav G. , Shah Rinki H. , Patel Maitri
Published: January 2025

Background: Nosocomial infections (NIs) are a significant concern in healthcare settings, leading to increased mortality and costs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NIs in a paediatric intensive care units (ICU) in India. 
Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted over one year in a paediatric ICU. Routine investigations, including blood culture, urine examination, and chest X-ray, were performed. 
Results: Nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) were the most common NIs. Pseudomonas and Klebsiella were the predominant organisms isolated from blood and ET secretion cultures. Severe anemia and severe acute malnutrition were significant co-morbidities contributing to mortality. 
Conclusions: The study highlights the need for effective infection control measures and antibiotic stewardship in paediatric ICUs. Administering sensitive antibiotics based on geographical bacteriological profiles can improve outcomes and prevent antibiotic resistance.
Intestinal atresia: a retrospective study of 36 neonates and risk factors to mortality in Tertiary care center, Tripura
Authors: Basak Aniruddha , Sil Abhik , Sarkar Manidipa
Published: January 2025

Background: Intestinal atresia among neonates is still a condition which has huge morbidity and mortality, particularly in the developing world. We share a case series of intestinal atresia in context of their presentation, management and outcome.
Methods: This study was conducted at Tripura Medical College and DR BRAM Teaching hospital, Tripura, over 1 year. We included all patients presenting with jejunoileal atresia, duodenal atresia and their demographic details, presentation, investigations, treatment strategies and the outcome were noted at a pre-designed proforma. All data were analysed using SPSS version 26.
Results: A total of 36 neonates with intestinal atresia were included. Most of them (77.78%) presented after 48 h of life and the mean age at presentation was 5.68±4.75 days. There were 22 male patients (61.11%) and 30 (83.33%) were full-term. The most common presenting complaint was not being able to pass meconium (88.89%). Type III atresia was the most common subtype (41.67%). Most of them underwent resection without tapering. The mean hospital stay was 12.81±6.53 and it was significantly longer among those who underwent re-exploration (P=0.034). 13 patients (36.11%) expired within 6 months of follow-up. The only significant factor for mortality was the presence of short bowel syndrome (P=0.036). All other demographic and management factors did not alter the mortality rate.
Conclusions: Management of surgical neonates is a difficult job in developing countries with limited resources. There is a high mortality rate of neonates following intestinal atresia surgeries and surgeons in these countries must fight on many fronts to improve the outcome.
Psychosocial factors in children presenting with poisoning in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Harsha K. Sri , Channawar Kanchan S. , Divya Buthu
Published: January 2025

Background: Poisonings in children pose a significant challenge for paediatricians in India due to the diversity of substances and their clinical manifestations. This study investigates the psychosocial factors contributing to acute poisoning among children, aiming to identify key risk factors.
Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted on 50 children under 18 years admitted for poisoning at Kamineni Academy of Medical Science and Research Centre, Hyderabad, over 24 months (September 2022–September 2024). Data on age, sex, socio-demographic details, poison type, route of exposure, time to hospital arrival, storage practices, and psychosocial factors were analyzed.
Results: Findings reveal that most poisoning cases occurred in children under five years, with 94% being accidental. Hydrocarbons accounted for 36% of cases, with three-fourths of incidents involving children aged 1–6 years. Rural areas contributed to 56% of cases, and poisoning incidents peaked during the summer (54%). A majority (58%) of cases were from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. All cases involved ingestion, and survival rates were 100%. Psychosocial analysis indicated significant risks associated with family dynamics: lack of emotional support, parental psychological illness, and substance abuse were observed in cases of suicidal poisoning.
Conclusions: Childhood poisoning is a critical medical emergency with substantial morbidity. Beyond accidental incidents, it highlights underlying behavioral and family maladaptations, emphasizing the need for early psychosocial interventions to mitigate long-term consequences.
Profile of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers
Authors: Galgali Madhushree U. , R. Premalatha
Published: January 2025

Background: Sleep is essential for the neurological development, cognition and behavior of children. Sleep problems affect 15-40% of children globally, with a prevalence of 47.5% in India. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and profile of sleep problems in toddlers aged 1-3 years.
Methods: A 24-month cross-sectional study was conducted in rural Bangalore with 1,255 children aged 1-3 years visiting the outpatient department. Sleep problems were assessed using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). A Total Sleep Disturbance score of 41 or higher, based on responses to all 33 items across the eight subscales, suggests the presence of a sleep disturbance.
Results: Of the children, 48.3% experienced sleep problems, with a higher prevalence in children aged 1-2 years (32.7%) compared to 2-3 years (67.3%). Most children (54.7%) were male. The most common bedtime was 9:00 pm. Average sleep durations were: 9.41±1.55 hours at night, 2.30±0.79 hours during the day and 11.80±1.43 hours total sleep. Most children woke up twice during the night (28%). The mean CSHQ score was 40.55±4.24. Factors such as age, bedtime and number of awakenings were linked to sleep problems. The lowest prevalence was found in those sleeping at 8:30 pm (18.2%). Sleep problems were more common in children with 4 nighttime awakenings (75%).
Conclusions: Sleep disorders are common in toddlers, highlighting the need for pediatricians to identify and address sleep problems early.
Clinical profile and co-morbidities in children with moderate and severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Singh Amrita , Rathoria Ekansh , Khan Faraz Ahmad , Sattar Aatif , Rathoria Richa , Bansal Utkarsh , Kumari Gudiya , Singh Adity
Published: January 2025

Background: Malnutrition as a problem is multidimensional and multifactorial with varied clinical profiles and comorbidities. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical profile and comorbidities in children suffering from malnutrition and to estimate the association of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) with demographic parameters, feeding, and immunization.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 132 children with malnutrition, aged between 6 to 59 months, at Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur over 18 months. Demographic details, clinical history, clinical evaluation, anthropometric measurements, and investigations, were noted on predesigned performa. All the data were analyzed by SPSS software. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant.
Result: The mean age of children with malnutrition was 25.79(15.68) months. Wasting and severe wasting among children with malnutrition were 51.5 % and 48.5% respectively. Major comorbidities were diarrhoea (70.5%), severe anemia (67.4%), pneumonia (62.9%), vitamin A deficiency (59.8%), sepsis (54.6%), urinary tract infection (54.5%), vitamin D deficiency (35.6%), worm infestation (30.3%), and tuberculosis (28.8%). A significant association of malnutrition was found with children of younger age (p<0.0001), Hindu religion (p<0.0001), not exclusively breastfed (p=0.004), delayed initiation of complementary feeding (p=0.029), and incomplete immunization (p=0.006). 
Conclusion: Malnutrition is closely linked to poor infant and young child feeding practices. Malnourished children suffer from various infections and micronutrient deficiencies. Adequate and timely nutritional support plays a vital role in breaking the vicious cycle of undernutrition-disease-undernutrition resulting in recovery.
Inpatient care of sick newborns in special new born care units in Odisha
Authors: Sahu Dayasis , Godara Naresh R.
Published: January 2025

Background: Inpatient care assessment of sick newborns in Special New Born Care Units (SNCUs) in Odisha is vital for feedback and improvement. This study aimed to characterize the quality of care provided by SNCUs in selected districts in Odisha during 2020-2022.
Methods: Using secondary data from 10 SNCUs of District Hospitals in Odisha over a three-year period (2020–2022), we performed a cross-sectional descriptive analysis on all admitted neonates. Age, gender, birth weight, admission indication, maturity, mortality profile, referral, and admission pattern were all profiled. Excel 2021 was used to extract the data, and Excel and Epi Info were used for analysis.
Results: Of the 50226 babies admitted to SNCUs, 24383 (48.5%) were inborn. Males made- up 58.4% of the infants. 995 babies (2.0%) weighed less than 1000 grams, while 58.5% of neonates had low birth weights (less than 2500 grams). Prematurity (n=4363, 8.7%), low birth weight (n=6757, 13.5%), refusal to feed (n=5327, 10.6%), neonatal jaundice (n=9616, 19.1%), and perinatal asphyxia (n=14421) account for 28.7% of hospitalizations. Of the total, 4.1% left the SNCU against medical advice, 9.7% died, 11.3% were referred, and 74.8% were discharged. The leading causes of death were preterm birth, infection, hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy (HIE), and birth asphyxia. The Composite SQCI performs satisfactorily (0.60-0.66) over the course of the twelve quarters
Conclusion: Birth asphyxia is the primary cause of illness and mortality in neonates. Early referrals, effective intervention, and excellent prenatal care are essential to prevent it.