bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on hidden fire source detection in goaf of Hengyi coal mine
Authors: Kai Wang , Kai Dou , Sichen Zhao , Shoushi Zhang
Published: May 2023

Coal fires cause waste of coal resources, air pollution, and threaten the safe production of coal mines, but concealed fire source detection is difficult, and a single detection method has limitations, which makes it difficult to accurately determine the location of fire source. In order to verify the detection effect of the composite detection method on the concealed fire source, according to the isotope radon detection method and magnetic detection principle, the proton magnetometer and radon meter were used to detect the hidden fire source detection area of Hengyi Coal Mine. According to the verification of subsequent anomalous area drilling, the results show that when detecting hidden fire sources, a variety of fire source detection methods can improve the accuracy and efficiency of fire source detection. The exploration and research in Hengyi Coal Mine has laid a solid foundation for the subsequent work of extinguishing coal fires, which is conducive to the safe production of coal mines.
Study on flue gas denitration method based on multistage high gravity technology
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Zhenglin
Published: May 2023

According to the mechanism of wet denitration, H2O2 solution and KOH solution are used as absorbents, and the two-stage countercurrent high-gravity rotating packed bed is used as the reaction equipment. The rotating speed, gas-liquid ratio, temperature, H2O2 solution concentration and KOH solution concentration are changed respectively to explore the impact of various factors on the denitration efficiency, and finally determine the best experimental conditions for flue gas denitration. The experimental results show that when the rotating speed reaches 900 rpm, the gas-liquid ratio is 12:1, and the temperature reaches 36 °C, using 0.20 mol/l of H2O2 solution and 0.10 mol/l of KOH solution as absorbents, the denitration efficiency can reach the best, and the best denitration efficiency is 95.71%.
Eu2O3 microsphere luminescent material based on aerosol jet printing
Authors: Xu Xiuyan
Published: May 2023

In this paper, microsphere structural materials of europium oxide (Eu2O3) were prepared using the aerosol jet printing technique. Europium oxide powders were produced at different calcination temperatures for the comparisons of nanostructures and luminescence properties. The peak of the emission spectrum of Eu3+ is near 612 nm (red), which contributes to the three primary colors. As an important and typical rare earth oxide, Eu2O3 plays an important role in red phosphor materials and is an activator for the red phosphor. Rare earth oxides microsphere materials are widely used in modern industrial production, such as light, electricity, magnetism, mechanics, and machinery, because of their advantages of the small size effect and the surface effect. Eu2O3 microsphere nanomaterials possess the advantages of both rare earth oxides and microsphere materials, exhibiting excellent optical properties and laying a good foundation for the development of biomedical, electronic information photocatalysis and other industries. However, the existing preparation methods of Eu2O3 microsphere nanomaterials have shortcomings, including uncontrollable microparticle morphology and complicated experimental operations. The most important point is that the initial pattern of the phosphor cannot be customized, and a secondary process is needed to obtain the target pattern. This two-step process inevitably leads to the loss of material and production time. Under this background, this experiment attempts to prepare a microspherical Eu2O3 phosphor using aerosol jet printing (AJP) technology, which is an important attempt to improve the level of the luminescent performance and the customization level of the fluorescent initial pattern.
Integrated energy operation considering the dependence of multiple wind turbines
Authors: Jiao Pihua , Chen Jiajia , Sun Guoqi , Cai Xu , Wang Lele , Sun Peibo
Published: May 2023

A key pathway to deep decarbonization of the energy sector is the increased use of wind power in integrated energy systems in the situation of the demand for low-carbon development. However, existing work on wind power in the integrated energy system does not adequately take into account the low carbon emissions in the context of multiple wind turbine dependency. In this respect, it is essential to examine a new type of framework for coordinated operations for meeting operational, low carbon and dependence requirements of multiple wind turbines. Here, a low-carbon oriented electrical-gas-heat energy system including carbon emission, carbon capture and carbon trading is proposed. In particular, the multivariate Gaussian copula in the region is used to investigate the dependence of power output from multiple wind turbines. Results from case studies demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model in achieving a balanced weigh up between economics and low carbon emissions by the dependence on multiple wind turbines.
Design and analysis of a cascade energy storage system based on LNG-LAES
Authors: Mu Hailin , Cui Mingxuan , Li Nan
Published: May 2023

Faced with increasingly serious energy and environmental problems, LNG and renewable energy have gradually entered the public eye and become the key to solving these problems. However, if the large amount of cold energy contained in LNG and the energy storage technology that regulates the volatility of renewable energy are not properly utilized, energy loss will result. In this study, by combining LNG cold energy cascade utilization and liquid air energy storage technology, a cascade energy storage system based on LNG-LAES is proposed. According to the different electricity demand of end users at different times, the system is divided into three operation modes and respectively The heat transfer, energy, exergy and other aspects were analyzed. The analysis results show that the LNG-LAES cascade energy storage system designed in this research has certain advantages in terms of energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and practical economy.
Efficiency Evaluation of New Energy Light-duty Truck Policy in Major Cities of China
Authors: Meng Qingsi , Li Die
Published: May 2023

The electrification level of commercial vehicles in China has achieved remarkable development with the support of fiscal and tax policies. In this paper, 15 major cities are selected as samples, and the combined effect of national and local fiscal and tax policies is carefully assessed using the DEA model. The results show that: (1) the comprehensive efficiency of the sample cities is high, indicating that the current policy portfolio has achieved great efficiency in general. (2) Shenzhen, Chengdu and Shanghai are taking the lead in the promotion and penetration of new energy trucks, but the 3 cities fail to achieve the best overall efficiency, with lower scale efficiency and diminished returns to scale. (3) Most of the cities suffer input redundancy, and should further optimize the policy structure and synergy to ensure the efficient implementation of various policies.
Recovery efficiency and characteristics of long core by CO2 flooding in low permeability sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Tian Feng , Li Tiantai
Published: May 2023

CO2 flooding is an economical and efficient enhanced oil recovery technology, however, it is difficult for conventional short core experiments to provide accurate parameters for the later on-site optimization scheme. In this paper, on the basis of long core flooding experiments and applying NMR technology, we quantitatively evaluated the recovery efficiency and remaining oil distribution characteristics by CO2 in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs from a microscopic perspective, and explored the potential of CO2 flooding in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs. Results showed that with the CO2 injection pressure increase, the recovery efficiency of the long core increased and the ultimate recovery was 65.3%. Recovery efficiency of short cores at the inlet, middle and outlet decreases successively, but the change range was not large, and all of them are around the recovery efficiency of long core. In addition, at low injection pressure, almost all CO2 went into the larger pores to replace oil. As increased pressure, the oil started to be produced from the smaller pores, but at 22 MPa, the recovery efficiency in larger pores (76.88%-83.38%) was still higher than that of smaller pores (68.73%-72.74%). Which provided a guide for optimizing the CO2 enhanced oil recovery method in the field.
Application of distributed solar photovoltaic power generation in highway field
Authors: Cui Peiqiang , Li Peng , Liang Defei , Ye Xiaosheng , Duan Menghao , Hua Dong , Tan Xiao
Published: May 2023

Natural resources are the most critical material basis for national economic and social development, and the key guarantee for improving national viability. With the development of national economy and the progress of society, people’s awareness of the importance of resources is also growing, and the issue of resources has begun to become an important topic of common concern for governments around the world. At a time when non-renewable resources such as coal and natural gas are in urgent need, and energy shortage has gradually become a problem endangering global economic development, more and more countries have begun to actively implement the “sunshine plan”, that is, to develop and utilize sunlight resources to find new impetus for economic and social development. Solar energy resource is a very important resource, which is inexhaustible, non-polluting, and relatively cheap and can be used at will. Vigorously developing and using solar energy is the most effective way to solve the shortage of resources and achieve sustainable economic development. Therefore, the application in the highway field is very necessary to promote the construction of distributed photovoltaic power generation system.
High performance reverse solar distiller with enhanced condensation and salt resistance
Authors: Ying Dongxuan , Zhang Haotian , Wang Bingseng , He Nan , Li Lin
Published: May 2023

Solar interfacial evaporation represents a promising and sustainable solution for desalination. Despite its potential for high evaporation rates, the coexistence of vapor and incident light has hindered efficient freshwater collection. In this work, we propose a vapor-down harvesting reverse solar distiller (RSD) that comprises a photothermal layer, a supply water path, and a condensation chamber. Unlike conventional solar stills, the RSD enables water evaporation and photothermal conversion to occur on opposite sides, preventing mutual interference between the vapor and incident light. Furthermore, the RSD exhibits superior performance in terms of salt resistance and condensation. Remarkably, our RSD achieves a high freshwater collection rate of 1.03 kg m-2 h-1 with an impressive collection efficiency of 71%.
Numerical simulation of ethylene combustion characteristics under a new double-layer porous media burner
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Li Shefeng , Zhang Yong , Ding Siyu , Chen Pei , Song Guangsen , Zhao Ziwei , Tu Linyu
Published: May 2023

The efficient use of energy is an important strategic issue concerning our energy security and double carbon goals. Many industrial waste gases, such as oil refineries, contain a lot of ethylene, which is a gas that is harmful to people and the environment. The use of high-efficiency burners to reduce ethylene emissions is a proven and convenient way, so the improvement and optimization of high-efficiency burners has become a hot research issue nowadays. In this paper, a new porous media burner is designed, and a numerical model of the structure is established based on finite element software. The porous media burner is used to treat low calorific value ethylene and effectively reduce the direct emission of low calorific value ethylene in wastewater treatment and chemical industries. Based on the model, the combustion characteristics and pollutant emission characteristics of premixed gas at different equivalence ratios and different flow rates were investigated. The results show that the maximum combustion temperature can reach 1757K with a constant inlet flow rate of premixed gas and a full combustion at an equivalent ratio of 0.85; the maximum temperature increases rapidly with the increase of flow rate at an inlet flow rate of 0.65-0.85 m/s with a constant equivalent ratio, and the temperature rise effect increases slowly when the flow rate is higher than 0.85 m/s; the new porous media The maximum reduction of pollutant emissions of the new porous media burner reaches 37.9%. This study has a guiding effect on the design and engineering application of porous media combustion devices.
Research on operation decision of thermal power units with both electricity spot trading and carbon emissions trading
Authors: Wang Yantao , Wang Xinyue , Wang Meiqi
Published: May 2023

Low carbon operation is one of the goals of the energy revolution, and the thermal power units are required to achieve more carbon emission reduction for achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. To help thermal power units participating in both electricity spot trading and carbon trading to optimize their operational decisions, a cost-benefit model for thermal power units that take into account both electricity spot trading and carbon trading is built from two perspectives: low-carbon technology and low-carbon policy, combining low-carbon instruments with market mechanisms. The objective is to maximize the profitability of the unit, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is proved by simulation using actual measurement data. The results proves that the proposed model can balance low carbon target and economic aspects, and is also useful for thermal power units to optimize their operational decisions under different scenarios.
Research and application analysis of marine diesel engine energy saving and emission reduction technology
Authors: Zhang JinLiang
Published: May 2023

In order to protect the environment and check the emission of polluted gas, this article conducts research on energy saving and emission reduction technologies for marine diesel engines and their applications. In order to achieve this goal, we can improve and optimize combustion efficiency, improve combustion efficiency and combustion efficiency of diesel engines, and use new engines with higher and cleaner energy sources when using new energy sources with higher efficiency and less diesel, thus reducing pollution and achieving environmental protection objectives. The application of energy-saving and emission reduction technology in marine diesel engines can make them more efficient, improve efficiency, and facilitate combustion of diesel engines, reduce nitrogen oxides, recover heat generated by diesel engines, and improve energy consumption.
Study on Fracture Turning and Extending Law of Refracturing in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Ren Xidong
Published: May 2023

The mechanism of refracturing fractiue turning in horizontal wells was studied. The turning radius of fractures under different stress conditions was calculated by numerical simulation. The research results indicate that with the increase of time, the fracture turning radius increases gradually, and the change of the fractiu e turning radius is no longer obvious after the optimal fracturing time is reached. The variation law of reservoir str ess field in the process of refracturing was studied, and the net pressure conditions in the fracture that produce complex fractures were given. Based on these studies, a mechanical calculation model for crack opening was established. Tire opening and extension laws of refracturing fractures under different conditions were calculated and analyzed by finite element method: with the increase of the difference of horizontal principal stress, the difficulty of opening natural cracks gradually increases; with the increase of induced stress perpendicular to the direction of hydraulic fractures. natural fractures are relatively easy to open.
The Pretreatment Methods and Influence Factors During Anaerobic Fermentation of Straw: A Review
Authors: Yuan Haoxiang
Published: May 2023

Straw is a common agricultural waste; its quantity is huge. In 2018, China produced 110 million tons of waste straw. The traditional way for farmers to treat straw is to burn it. However, burning straw will cause serious air pollution. At the same time, straw can be used to produce biogas via anaerobic fermentation, which is a clean and renewable energy source. Therefore, the research on anaerobic fermentation of straw is widely concerned. Straw is difficult to ferment directly because of its composite structure of lignin and cellulose. Therefore, straw needs to be pretreated. This review summarizes the previous research results in recent years on main straw pretreatment methods and factors affecting the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation of straw. In addition, the solutions to the problems existing in anaerobic fermentation of straw were put forward. This review could provide guidance for the follow-up research on anaerobic fermentation of straw.
Study on the effect of drying conditions on the pyrolysis properties of rice husk
Authors: Xin Huang
Published: May 2023

Drying can remove the moisture and volatile fraction from biomass to achieve the purpose of improving the pyrolysis performance of biomass feedstock. In this project, three different drying treatments (blast, vacuum and microwave) were applied to rice husk in order to investigate the effect of drying conditions on the pyrolytic properties of rice husk. Thermogravimetric experiments were performed on the materials at different heating rates (10°C/min, 20 °C/min, 30 °C/min). Then the TG and DTG plots were analyzed, and the kinetic parameters were solved and compared using the FWO method. Experimental studies have shown that the pyrolysis process of rice husk can be divided into three stages, namely the water loss stage, the pyrolysis stage, and the carbonization stage. At the same heating rate, the highest weight loss rate of rice husk was achieved after microwave drying, with a maximum weight loss rate of 97.1% at 20°C/min. In addition, with the increase in temperature rise rate, the characteristic temperature of rice husk of both blast drying and vacuum drying showed a changing trend of increase, and the TG and DTG graphs showed a movement toward the high-temperature side, while the characteristic temperature of rice husk after microwave drying was basically unchanged. The activation energy of all three dried rice husks was calculated by the FWO method to reach the maximum at a conversion rate of 0.6. The average activation energy of rice husks after microwave drying was much greater than that of the other two drying methods, indicating that microwave drying made rice husks more difficult to pyrolyze.
Study on action mechanism between rated working re-sistance of support and overburden strata movement
Authors: Hao Liu , Kebin Zhang , Weizheng Xu , Pengqiang Zheng , Quanming Zhang
Published: May 2023

Based on the pressure regulating test curve describing support–surrounding rock relationship, the relationship between rated working resistance (RWR) and overburden movement is investigated. It is discov-ered that between RWR and movement of direct roof strata, the relationship is “must control and must be controlled”, which is qualitatively expressed as Pze=hzγz; between movement of main roof strata and RWR, the relationship is “degree-controlling and degree controlled”, which is hyperbolic and qualitatively expressed as Pre=QSm/2Sx; between RWR and movement of bend zone strata, the relationship is that of “unable to control and unable to be controlled”, which is qualitatively expressed as Pb=0. Finally, the author examines the characteristics of the “hyperbola”, the prerequisite for its existence, and the influence of main roof fault block movement parameters on the position of the hyperbola in the coordinate system, the degree of support control, and the degree of roof movement. This research outcome represents an innovation and a breakthrough on the basic mine pressure theory. It has great academic significance to the discipline of mine pressure and stratum control and provides theoretical basis for the application of strata control.
The Study on the Generation of Persistent Free Radicals in the Explosive Industry Area
Authors: Wang Jiangfeng , Yang Xinbo
Published: May 2023

Phenolic compounds and transition metals exist in wastewater having a large number of emissions due to the discharge of polluted wastewater from the explosive industry. And these two substances are important factors that affect the generation of persistent free radicals (PFR). However, the generation of more toxic and harmful PFR is unclear in wastewater from the explosive industry. In this study, the dissociation reaction of phenol on transition metal oxides ZnO to form PFR has been explored by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The dissociation of phenol on the ZnO surface is an exothermic and barrierless reaction process, which indicates that PFR can be formed in the wastewater of the explosive industry. Thus, more attention should be paid to the toxicity of PFR in the wastewater produced by the explosive industry.
Study on tight reservoir law and prediction of favorable areas - Take Wangjiawan well block Wang 107 as an example
Authors: Yang Haokai , Fan Tingting , Zhou Mengying
Published: May 2023

When the development of oil field continues, the production efficiency of the whole oil well will decline significantly. It is of importance to analyze the geological factors related to the reservoir storage law in order to re recognize the current status of the oil well and extract more resources from the oil well. This paper expounds that at the stage of oilfield development, the research on reservoir characteristics, reservoir sedimentary facies and reservoir characteristics and laws are discussed in depth and comprehensively, and the prediction of favorable areas of the oilfield is studied, which has brought corresponding references to oilfield staff. For the late stage of oilfield development, we should carry out fine geological research, determine the geological type, provide the best data base for improving the development plan of the reservoir, and carry out scientific analysis and research to improve the productivity of the late stage of reservoir development, so as to achieve the expected production efficiency.
Lignocellulose based hydrogel sponge for cost-effective seawater desalination
Authors: Cao Yan , Xu Guangying , Chen Yan
Published: May 2023

Currently, freshwater scarcity is becoming an increasingly pressing issue worldwide. Solar desalination technology is recognized as a promising solution to this problem. However, the existing seawater desalination evaporators suffer from slow evaporation rates and limited salt tolerance. To address this, we developed a lignocellulosic hydrogel sponge (LHS) using a straightforward salting-out method. This hydrogel sponge achieves a high evaporation efficiency of 2.57 kg·m−2·h−1 and exhibits excellent salt, acid, and alkali resistance. Therefore, LHS presents a new approach for solar-driven water purification, which holds significant implications for solving freshwater scarcity.
Principle, application and development trend of dry ice cleaning hub fixture
Authors: Ren Dayang , Wu Changzhong , Sun Qiuqi , Wang Shengqiang , Tian Jiaxin , Wang Chengyu
Published: May 2023

As an engineering technology, industrial cleaning plays an increasingly important role in industrial production; The development of the cleaning industry not only provides effective technical services for the whole society, but also has become an important symbol of today’s social civilization. With the industrialization process of the country and the needs of social production and life, the application field of the cleaning industry is becoming more and more extensive. As an emerging technology, dry ice cleaning has the characteristics of high efficiency, wide application range and no pollution, and is widely used in mold, power electronics, petrochemical and automotive industries. Dry ice cleaning is an advanced and efficient industrial cleaning technology, which has advantages over other cleaning methods in terms of cleaning effect, cleaning applicability, and environmental protection.
Recent advances in sodium borohydride for hydrogen storage
Authors: Lu Zi Chuan , Zhang Liu Ting
Published: May 2023

Hydrogen energy is an efficient and renewable clean energy source, and the key issue for its application right moment is the development of hydrogen storage technology with high density and safety. Among many available hydrogen storage materials, metal complex hydrides with the advantages of high hydrogen storage capacity and good safety, are promising for future applications. However, high-capacity hydrogen storage composites suffer from disadvantages such as high hydrogen release temperature and poor reversibility, which severely limit their application. This paper provides a detailed summary of existing approaches to improve the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of NaBH4 for hydrogen storage, including the addition of catalysts, the incorporation of appropriate reactants and the preparation of nanoscale NaBH4, as well as an outlook on the future direction of pyrolysis.
Comparative Study on Hazardous Chemicals Management Systems at Home and Abroad
Authors: Liu Xiaodi , Jin Dong , Liu Xinyue , Wang Weixia , Guo Linyuan
Published: May 2023

With the development of science and technology and the improvement of production processes, chemicals have become indispensable means of production and consumer goods in the process of modern social and economic development, playing a very important part in economic and social activities and people's production and life. However, with the wide application of chemicals, especially hazardous chemicals, the incidence of safety accidents caused by poor supervision in the process of production, operation, storage, and use is increasing. The safety of hazardous chemicals affects the safety of society and people's lives and property, and strengthening the safety supervision of hazardous chemicals is the key. Therefore, this article starts from the research background, research status at home and abroad, and combines the current situation of hazardous chemicals management in the author's unit., Through research on the safety supervision experience of other domestic units, as well as the European Union, the United States, South Korea, Japan, Germany, and other hazardous chemicals, feasible means for better supervision of hazardous chemicals have been summarized.
Research progress of MOF/Bismuth-based semiconductor composites in photocatalytic technology
Authors: Du Zhehua
Published: May 2023

Photocatalysis has significant potential for environmental remediation and energy conversion, with a focus on designing and developing highly efficient photocatalysts. Composite materials consisting of bismuth-based semiconductors and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit outstanding photocatalytic activity, and have garnered significant attention from researchers as a highly sought-after material. A review is conducted on recent advances in MOF/bismuth-based semiconductor composites. On this basis, the synthesis methods of MBCs are described in detail, and then the applications of MBCs in organic pollutant degradation, Cr (VI) reduction, water (H2O) splitting, nitrogen (N2) fixation discussed. Finally, this paper highlights the current challenges in photocatalysis using MBCs and provides insights into the future development direction for MBCs photocatalysis technology. The preparation and modification methods of MBCs, the improvement of photocatalytic efficiency, the mechanism of oxidative degradation of organic matter and the mechanism of photocatalytic complete hydrolysis of water need further study.
A three stages transition into chaos for mixed convection nanofluid inside a differentially-heated square ventilated cavity
Authors: Abdeldjalil Taghourt , Aklouche‐Benouaguef Sabiha , Zeghmati Belkacem
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we present a numerical study of an unsteady Al2O3 water nanofluid mixed convection in a differentially-heated square ventilated cavity. The routes from steady state to chaotic mixed convection state have been also studied for a constant Reynolds Number (Re), Re = 50 and Richardson number (Ri) ranging from Ri = 40 to Ri = 150. The governing equations are solved using an implicit finite-volume scheme and TDMA algorithm. Results are presented through streamlines, isotherms, mean temperature, average Nusselt number, pressure drop, etc. It is observed that the average Nusselt number and the mean cavity temperature values are all the higher as the Ri number is great. The pressure drop slightly decreases as Ri number increases. The fully chaotic flow regime is reached after three stages. The first stage is similar to the Ruelle-Takens-Newhouse scenario. At the end of this stage, apparition of periodicity interrupted the development of a full chaos initiating the second stage of the route to chaos where another series of three supercritical Hopf type bifurcations and a period doubling bifurcation takes place. The third stage starts by the emergence of intermittencies which interrupts the apparition of a full chaotic flow. A complete chaos is achieved at the end of this third stage.
Research on the promotion path of labor education in local colleges and universities from the perspective of the integration of five disciplines
Authors: Zhang Qian , Cheng Min
Published: May 2023

Labor education is an important part of college and primary education, which directly determines the labor spirit, labor value orientation and labor skill level of the cultivated workers. Through the quantitative analysis of the current situation of labor education in local colleges and universities, the path of optimizing labor education in local colleges and universities is put forward in this paper, so as to promote the development of labor education in local colleges and universities.
Unterschiedlicher Verlauf von Immunreaktionen und Endothelzellverlust nach perforierender Low-Risk-Keratoplastik und Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty bei Fuchs-Endotheldystrophie
Authors: Jablonski Laura Katharina , Zemova Elena , Daas Loay , Munteanu Cristian , Seitz Berthold
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die Häufigkeit von Immunreaktionen und den Endothelzellverlust nach perforierender Keratoplastik (PKP) vs. Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) bei Patienten mit Fuchs-Endotheldystrophie (FED) gegenüberzustellen.

Patienten und Methoden In der vorliegenden retrospektiven Studie wurden insgesamt 962 Operationen (OPs; 225 Excimer-Laser-PKP und 727 DMEK) von 700 Patienten, die zwischen dem 28.06.2007 und dem 27.08.2020 in der Universitäts-Augenklinik des Saarlandes durchgeführt wurden, statistisch ausgewertet. Zum einen wurde die Prävalenz und der zeitliche Verlauf der aufgetretenen Immunreaktionen mittels Kaplan-Meier-Verfahren sowie die Auswirkungen der Immunreaktionen auf die Endothelzellen und die Hornhautdicke analysiert. Zum anderen wurden Endothelzelldichte, Pleomorphismus und Polymegalismus der Endothelzellen für die Zeitpunkte U1 = präoperativ, U2 = 6 Wochen postoperativ, U3 = 6 – 9 Monate postoperativ, U4 = 1 – 2 Jahre postoperativ und U5 = 5 Jahre postoperativ ausgewertet. Weiter erfolgte dazu jeweils eine statistische Testung auf Unterschiede zwischen den beiden OP-Arten sowie im longitudinalen Verlauf.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt traten im beobachteten Zeitraum 54 Immunreaktionen auf, wobei die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine solche bei der PKP mit 8,9% signifikant größer war als in der DMEK-Gruppe mit 4,5% (p = 0,011). Der Vergleich der beiden Kaplan-Meier-Kurven ergab im Log-Rank-Test ebenfalls einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den beiden OP-Techniken (p = 0,012). Der Endothelzellverlust durch die Immunreaktion war nur bei der PKP signifikant (p = 0,003). Auf alle OPs bezogen sank die Endothelzelldichte bei beiden OP-Techniken signifikant mit der Zeit (jeweils p < 0,0001), bei der DMEK stärker als bei der PKP (p < 0,0001). Außerdem war die Zelldichte bei der PKP insgesamt signifikant höher als bei der DMEK (p < 0,0001). Der Polymegalismus sank nur bei der DMEK-Gruppe signifikant (p < 0,0001). Der Pleomorphismus war im Durchschnitt bei der DMEK signifikant höher als bei der PKP (p < 0,0001).

Schlussfolgerung Die Prognose der DMEK bei Patienten mit FED scheint nach Immunreaktionen günstiger zu sein als die der PKP, da nicht nur seltener Immunreaktionen auftraten, sondern diese auch milder verliefen. Die Endothelzelldichte war allerdings in der PKP-Gruppe während des gesamten Follow-ups signifikant höher.
The Effectiveness of Unguided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus for Patients with Tinnitus Alone or Combined with Hyperacusis and/or Misophonia: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Aazh Hashir , Taylor Lauren , Danesh Ali A. , Moore Brian C. J.
Published: May 2023

Abstract Background In the United Kingdom, audiologist-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a key intervention to alleviate the distress caused by tinnitus and its comorbid hyperacusis. However, the availability of face-to-face CBT is limited, and
such therapy involves significant costs. CBT provided via the internet provides a potential solution to improve access to CBT for tinnitus. Purpose The aim was to perform a preliminary assessment of the effect of a specific program of nonguided internet-based CBT for tinnitus,
denoted iCBT(T), in alleviating the problems caused by tinnitus alone or tinnitus combined with hyperacusis. Research Design This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Study Sample The data for 28 people with tinnitus who completed the iCBT(T) program and
answered a series of questions about their tinnitus and hearing status were included in the study. Twelve patients also reported having hyperacusis (including five also with misophonia). Data Collection and Analysis The iCBT(T) program has seven self-help modules. Anonymous
data were collected retrospectively from patients' answers to the questions in the iCBT(T) initial and final assessment modules. Questionnaires administered within the iCBT(T) program were: 4C Tinnitus Management Questionnaire (4C), Screening for Anxiety and Depression in Tinnitus (SAD-T),
and the CBT Effectiveness Questionnaire (CBT-EQ). Results Responses to the 4C showed a significant improvement from pre- to posttreatment, with a medium effect size. The mean improvement was similar for those with and without hyperacusis. Responses to the SAD-T questionnaire
also showed a significant improvement from pre- to posttreatment with a medium effect size. The improvement was significantly greater for participants with tinnitus alone than for participants who also had hyperacusis. For both the 4C and the SAD-T, the improvements were not significantly
related to age or gender. Participants' views of the effectiveness of the iCBT(T) program were assessed using the CBT-EQ. The mean score was 50 out of a maximum of 80, indicating moderately high effectiveness. CBT-EQ scores did not differ for those with and without hyperacusis. Conclusion Based
on this preliminary analysis, the iCBT(T) program showed promising results in improving the ability to manage tinnitus and decreasing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Future studies with larger samples and control group(s) are required to further assess various aspects of this program.
Magnetic supercapacitors: Charge storage mechanisms, magnetocapacitance, and magnetoelectric phenomena
Authors: Sikkema Rebecca , Zhitomirsky Igor
Published: May 2023

Pseudocapacitive (PC) materials are under investigation for energy storage in supercapacitors, which exhibit exceptionally high capacitance, good cyclic stability, and high power density. The ability to combine high electrical capacitance with advanced ferrimagnetic or ferromagnetic properties in a single material at room temperature opens an avenue for the development of advanced magnetically ordered pseudocapacitive (MOPC) materials. This review covers materials science aspects, charge storage mechanisms, magnetocapacitance, and magnetoelectric (ME) phenomena in MOPC materials. Recent studies demonstrate high PC properties of advanced ferrimagnetic materials, such as spinel ferrites and hexagonal ferrites. Of particular importance is the discovery of PC properties of perovskite-type manganites, which exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism and giant negative magnetoresistance. The coupling of high capacitance and magnetization in MOPC provides a platform for strong ME interactions. Various strategies are used for manipulation of electrical capacitance/magnetization of MOPC by a magnetic field/electrode potential. Magnetocapacitance studies show significant increase in capacitance of MOPC under the influence of a magnetic field. Moreover, the application of a magnetic field results in enhanced energy density and power density, reduction of resistance, and improvement of cyclic stability. Such findings offer a potential of a breakthrough in the development of advanced supercapacitors. High magnetocapacitance and ME phenomena are linked to the influence of magnetic fields on electrolyte diffusion, structure of electrical double layer, charge transfer resistance, and variation of conductivity and magnetization of MOPC materials, which facilitate charge/discharge behavior. Various applications of ME effect in MOPC are discussed. Moreover, advantages of magnetocapacitive MOPC are described for applications in electronic and spintronic devices, supercapacitors, and devices for magnetically enhanced capacitive deionization of water.
Sub-femtosecond time-resolved measurements of electron bunches with a C-band radio-frequency deflector in x-ray free-electron lasers
Authors: Prat Eduard , Malyzhenkov Alexander , Craievich Paolo
Published: May 2023

Time-resolved diagnostics are fundamental for x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). Radio-frequency (RF) transverse deflector structures (TDSs) are typically employed to characterize the temporal properties of the electron beams driving FELs. In this article, we present time-resolved measurements with a resolution below one femtosecond using a C-band RF TDS at SwissFEL, the x-ray FEL facility at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. The sub-femtosecond resolution is partially achieved due to an optimized optics setup and fits the expected values, showing a good understanding of our models. Measurements with a sub-femtosecond resolution are of crucial importance for ultra-fast x-ray FEL applications.
Helical phase steering via four-wave mixing in a closely cycled double-ladder atomic system
Authors: Zhou Yang , Wang Zhiping
Published: May 2023

This work presents a theoretical analysis of the helical phase steering via a four-wave mixing (FWM) process in a closely cycled double-ladder atomic system. Our focus is to understand the contribution of the two-photon resonant process governed by a probe field and a driving laser in the control of the helical phase. The theoretical analysis allows us to understand the helical phase can be effectively steered when the two-photon resonant condition Δ=−δ is satisfied. Moreover, we investigate the superposition modes of the FWM field and a same-frequency Gaussian beam, which testify the two-photon resonant condition Δ=−δ plays an important role in the steering of the helical phase.
Nonequilibrium configurations of swelling polymer brush layers induced by spreading drops of weakly volatile oil
Authors: Kap Özlem , Hartmann Simon , Hoek Harmen , de Beer Sissi , Siretanu Igor , Thiele Uwe , Mugele Frieder
Published: May 2023

Polymer brush layers are responsive materials that swell in contact with good solvents and their vapors. We deposit drops of an almost completely wetting volatile oil onto an oleophilic polymer brush layer and follow the response of the system upon simultaneous exposure to both liquid and vapor. Interferometric imaging shows that a halo of partly swollen polymer brush layer forms ahead of the moving contact line. The swelling dynamics of this halo is controlled by a subtle balance of direct imbibition from the drop into the brush layer and vapor phase transport and can lead to very long-lived transient swelling profiles as well as nonequilibrium configurations involving thickness gradients in a stationary state. A gradient dynamics model based on a free energy functional with three coupled fields is developed and numerically solved. It describes experimental observations and reveals how local evaporation and condensation conspire to stabilize the inhomogeneous nonequilibrium stationary swelling profiles. A quantitative comparison of experiments and calculations provides access to the solvent diffusion coefficient within the brush layer. Overall, the results highlight the—presumably generally applicable—crucial role of vapor phase transport in dynamic wetting phenomena involving volatile liquids on swelling functional surfaces.
Framework for formation control of jet-propelled unmanned surface vehicles
Authors: Yan Li , Jianqiang Zhang , Yi Li , Jianjing Qu
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on the research of spray-pump type unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). Based on the analysis of the dynamics and motion characteristics of USVs, a method combining Dubins curves and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to find the optimal or suboptimal solution for the formation path. The research goal is to switch multiple USVs from an unordered state to a formation state, taking the speed of USVs and the formation endpoint as dynamic variables and integrating Dubins curve theory into the particle swarm optimization algorithm. A theoretical framework for the formation of spray-pump type USVs is proposed. Finally, the formation of three USVs is realized in a simulation platform.
Secondary branching in Wollemia nobilis (Araucariaceae), an unexpected occurrence
Authors: Hnatiuk Roger
Published: May 2023

Context Until now, Wollemia nobilis was thought to differ from all other members of the Araucariaceae in having unbranched primary branches, except following some instances of traumatic damage to the branch apex. This paper reports on the serendipitous discovery of abundant secondary branching on seedling Wollemi pines. Aims I document the occurrence of secondary branches from axillary meristems, along the whole length of annual growth cycles of primary branches. Methods The abundance and location of secondary branching was observed, photographed and documented in over 90 nursery seedlings being grown for sale across two growing seasons. Key results Secondary buds and both secondary and tertiary branches occurred on 1-year-old primary branch segments on numerous seedlings being grown under standard commercial-nursery conditions. Conclusions Wollemia is capable of secondary and tertiary branch development without traumatic injury to the primary or secondary branch apex, thus confirming an earlier report that all or nearly all leaf axils in Wollemia may contain viable axillary meristems. This contradicts previous expectations that secondary branches will not develop without prior apical trauma to primary branches. Implications Secondary branching, as reported here, opens the door to further assessment of the fossil record for specimens that may broaden the concept of Wollemia and possibly its former distribution. The occurrence of these secondary branches should allow a reconsideration of the characters that distinguish the genus from other members of the family. They also broaden the understanding of the evolutionary potential of the species.
Metal oxide-based materials as an emerging platform for fuel cell system: A review
Authors: Yusoff Yusra Nadzirah , Shaari Norazuwana , Osman Siti Hasanah
Published: May 2023

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are attractive energy resources in transportation and portable applications due to their low operational temperatures, excellent energy densities, and simplicity of storage. For the past decade, metal oxides (MO) have been identified as plentiful supplies with excellent electrochemical properties, low cost, an abundance of hydroxyl groups, and environmentally acceptable alternative to currently available materials. Their intriguing properties such as extremely large surface area, low synthesis cost, and so on, make them ideals for many applications. This review covered MO structure, characteristics, and current preparation methods. MO/metal nanoparticles and MO/carbon nanoparticles are also addressed as electrocatalysts, co-catalysts, or supports, especially in PEMFC and DMFC applications. This review also examined the effects of different MO nanoparticles in polymer and biopolymer membranes on membrane characteristics. Finally, the existing issues and future perspectives of MO nanoparticles are also discussed in this review.
Test-retest reliability of suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) in healthy individuals
Authors: Nagarajan Aishwarya , Ghimire Shashish , Elizabeth Varsha Sam , Sinha Sujeet Kumar
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) is an efficient tool to assess VOR. vHIT has been widely used to detect the presence of peripheral vestibular impairment. vHIT uses two paradigms: HIMP (Head Impulse Paradigm) and SHIMP (Suppression Head Impulse Paradigm). The current study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of the Suppression Head Impulse Paradigm (SHIMP) in normal individuals.

Method:

Twenty-eight healthy young individuals aged 18–30 years with normal hearing sensitivity and normal middle ear function participated in the study. The participants also had no signs and symptoms or history of vestibular problems. The SHIMP paradigm was performed twice (sessions I and II) with an inter-session interval of twodays.

Results:

Paired sample t-test showed no significant difference in VOR gain and asymmetry values between sessions I and II. Cronbach’s alpha also showed a good test-retest reliability for VOR gain and asymmetry values. Kappa Coefficient showed good reliability for the presence of anticompensatory saccades.

Conclusion:

VOR Gain functions and the presence of anti-compensatory saccades are highly reliable parameters when tested with SHIMP. Thus, any deviance in the gain parameters indicates a vestibular impairment rather than variability in the SHIMP test paradigm.
Optical Tunable Moiré Excitons in Twisted Hexagonal GaTe Bilayers
Authors: Han Jinsen , Lai Kang , Yu Xiaoxiang , Chen Jiahao , Guo Hongli , Dai Jiayu
Published: May 2023

Optical fine-tunable layer-hybridized Moiré excitons are highly in demand for emerging many-body states in two-dimensional semiconductors. We report naturally confined layer-hybridized bright Moiré excitons with long lifetimes in twisted hexagonal GaTe bilayers, using ab initio many-body perturbation theory and the Bethe–Salpeter equation. Due to the hybridization of electrons and holes between layers, which enhances the brightness of excitons, the twisted bilayer system becomes attractive for optical applications. We find that in both R and H-type stacking Moiré superlattices, more than 200 meV lateral quantum confinements occur on exciton energies, which results in two scenarios: (1) The ground state bright excitons XA are found to be trapped at two high-symmetry points, with opposite electric dipoles in the R-stacking Moiré supercell, forming a honeycomb superlattice of nearest-neighbor dipolar attraction. (2) For H-stacking case, the XA is found to be trapped at only one high-symmetry point exhibiting a triangular superlattice. Our results suggest that twisted h-GaTe bilayer is one of the promising systems for optical fine-tunable excitonic devices and provide an ideal platform for realizing strong correlated Bose–Hubbard physics.