bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superbug Clinical Trials
Authors: Jiang Yunyun , Follmann Dean , Evans Scott R.
Published: November 2019

Antibiotics are an important part of medical practice for the treatment of bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance has become one of the world's most critical public health threats. Clinical trials are used to compare strategies of antibiotic therapy for the treatment of bacterial infections. Antibiotic trials involve many scientific and practical challenges that need to be considered during trial design, conduct, and analysis. We review some of these challenges, discuss innovative approaches, and provide recommendations for addressing them to better inform practical medical decision‐making.
Pedestrian Safety Analysis
Authors: Ivan John N. , Ravishanker Nalini
Published: November 2019

Pedestrian safety is a matter of concern in almost every country. Data on pedestrian crash counts and severities are collected by transportation agencies in many countries, along with data on variables that can explain the patterns in crashes at certain types of locations and over time. While these crashes are thankfully rare events, nevertheless they can be fatal or cause significant corporal or financial damage. Over the years, several avenues of scientific investigations have enabled an understanding of pedestrian safety. This article brings together many of the main issues in this area.
Definitive Screening Designs
Authors: Jones Bradley , Nachtsheim Christopher
Published: November 2019

This paper describes the construction and analysis of definitive screening designs.
Link Function
Authors: Piegorsch Walter W.
Published: November 2019

The
link function
, a fundamental component of a generalized linear model (GLiM), is described. Examples are provided for some standard GLiMs.
Comparative performance analysis for abdominal phantom ROI detectability according to CT reconstruction algorithm: ADMIRE
Authors: Shin Jun‐Bong , Yoon Do‐Kun , Pak Seongyong , Kwon Yang‐Ho , Suh Tae Suk
Published: November 2019

Purpose

We compared and analyzed the detectability performance pertaining to an abdominal phantom including a region of interest (ROI) according to a computed tomography (CT) reconstruction algorithm.

Methods

Three types of reconstruction algorithms (FBP, SAFIRE, and ADMIRE) were used to evaluate the detectability performance using the abdominal phantom (phantom size: 25 × 18 × 28 cm3). The vendor default settings for routine multi‐detector computed tomography abdominal scans were used. As the quantitative evaluation method, the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), difference in coefficient of variation (COV) with the normalization based on the FBP data, and the noise power spectrum (NPS) were measured.

Results

The characteristic of the ADMIRE‐3 reconstructed image was higher than those of the FBP and SAFIRE‐3 reconstructed images. The CNR values of the SAFIRE and ADMIRE images were much higher than the corresponding values of the FBP images. The difference in COV values for the ADMIRE images was ~1.2 times lower than the corresponding values of the SAFIRE images.

Conclusion

The comparative analysis of the abdominal phantom low‐contrast resolution differences for each CT exposure parameters showed that ADMIRE demonstrated better results than SAFIRE and FBP in terms of contrast, CNR, COV difference, and 1D NPS. This indicates that ADMIRE can provide a clearer observation even with the same number of contrast objects as compared to SAFIRE and FBP owing to its better contrast resolution in the central part of the contrast hole at low kV.
Two PVTOLs cooperative slung‐load transport control based on passivity
Authors: Cariño Escobar Jossué , Lozano Rogelio , Bonilla Estrada Moisés
Published: November 2019

This work addresses the problem of two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) transporting a slung‐load on a plane. The vehicles presented are a simplified version of the classical planar vertical take‐off and landing (PVTOL). The proposed solution implements a decentralized control scheme based on the concept of passivity where there is no explicit communication between agents. This is accomplished by taking advantage of the physical connection between the agents and the load. In contrast with similar control algorithms based on force control, like impedance filters, the objective is to drive the system into a state of minimal energy. In addition to this, the presented control strategy differs from other passivity based methods, like an interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control, in that the method can also be used to accommodate more complex control strategies that do not necessarily depend on the energy of the system.
Self‐Powered Sensor Based on Bionic Antennae Arrays and Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Identifying Noncontact Motions
Authors: Wang Fan , Ren Zewei , Nie Jinhui , Tian Jingwen , Ding Yafei , Chen Xiangyu
Published: November 2019

The sensor devices based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) have been proved to have both high sensitivity and good self‐powered capability. Inspired by the cockroach antennae, a bionic‐antennae‐array (BAA) sensor based on the working principle of TENG is proposed for identifying the noncontact motions and a data processing module is specially designed for outputting electrostatic signal to the microcontroller unit (MCU). Based on the amplifying effect of antennae array, the detected maximum distance by this BAA sensor can reach 180 mm with a displacement resolution of 1 mm and maximum sensitivity of about 5.6 V mm−1 (at approaching angle of 90°). The influences of several critical factors, such as approaching angle, motion velocity, and target materials, to the performance of this BAA sensor are systematically studied. Meanwhile, the BAA sensor is integrated with proximity switch, intelligent robot, and mobile vehicles for realizing the function of motion alarming and obstacle detecting. The high sensitivity and the easy fabrication process of this TENG‐based BAA sensor show great application potentials in the field of industrial robotics, human–machine interactions, artificial intelligence, etc.
Multi‐Functional Controllable Memory Devices Applied for 3D Integration Based on a Single Niobium Oxide Layer
Authors: Chen Ao , Ma Guokun , Zhang Ziqi , Lin Chih‐Yang , Lin Chun‐Chu , Chang Ting‐Chang , Tao Li , Wang Hao
Published: November 2019

To achieve the highest integration density, a one‐selector one‐resistor (1S1R) structure is essential because of its smallest feature size in crossbar arrays. However, the complexity of structure and poor stability of the 1S1R property has seriously hampered its development. A multi‐functional controllable device with simple Pt/NbOx/TiN structure is fabricated and exhibits excellent 1S1R characteristics and threshold switching properties, which is suitable for integration due to the reduced leakage current. Meanwhile, two modes of 1S1R characteristics are found and discussed in detail, which is beneficial to understand the degeneration of 1S1R property. Furthermore, finite element analysis is utilized to analyze and provide further support for the multi‐behaviors. A multi‐functional device is demonstrated and the multi‐behavior mechanisms are explained, which is helpful to promote the application of 3D storage technology.
An overview of health issues and development in a large clinical cohort of children with Angelman syndrome
Authors: Bindels‐de Heus Karen G. C. B. , Mous Sabine E. , ten Hooven‐Radstaake Maartje , van Iperen‐Kolk Bianca M. , Navis Cindy , Rietman André B. , ten Hoopen Leontine W. , Brooks Alice S. ,   ENCORE Expertise Center for AS, Elgersma Ype , Moll Henriëtte A. , de Wit Marie‐Claire Y.
Published: November 2019

This study presents a broad overview of health issues and psychomotor development of 100 children with Angelman syndrome (AS), seen at the ENCORE Expertise Center for AS in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We aimed to further delineate the phenotype of AS, to evaluate the association of the phenotype with genotype and other determinants such as epilepsy and to get insight in possible targets for intervention. We confirmed the presence of a more severe phenotype in the 15q11.2‐q13 deletion subtype. Novel findings were an association of (early onset of) epilepsy with a negative effect on development, a high occurrence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus, a high rate of crouch gait in the older children with risk of deterioration of mobility, a relatively low occurrence of microcephaly, a higher mean weight for height in all genetic subtypes with a significant higher mean in the nondeletion children, and a high occurrence of hyperphagia across all genetic subtypes. Natural history data are needed to design future trials. With this large clinical cohort with structured prospective and multidisciplinary follow‐up, we provide unbiased data on AS to support further intervention studies to optimize outcome and quality of life of children with AS and their family.
Delayed appearance of 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria in neonates with early onset metabolic cardiomyopathies: A potential pitfall for the diagnosis
Authors: Baban Anwar , Adorisio Rachele , Corica Bernadette , Rizzo Cristiano , Calì Federica , Semeraro Michela , Taurisano Roberta , Magliozzi Monia , Carrozzo Rosalba , Parisi Francesco , Dallapiccola Bruno , Vaz Frédéric M. , Drago Fabrizio , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo
Published: November 2019

Infantile onset cardiomyopathies are highly heterogeneous with several phenocopies compared with adult cardiomyopathies. Multidisciplinary management is essential in determining the underlying etiology in children's cardiomyopathy. Elevated urinary excretion of 3‐methylglutaconic acid (3‐MGA) is a useful tool in identifying the etiology in some metabolic cardiomyopathy. Here, we report the delayed appearance of 3‐MGA‐uria, between 6 and 18 months in three patients (out of 100 childhood onset cardiomyopathy) with neonatal onset cardiomyopathy, secondary to TMEM70 mutations and TAZ mutations (Barth syndrome), in whom extensive metabolic investigations, performed in the first weeks of life, did not display 3‐MGA‐uria. Serial retrospective evaluations showed full characteristic features of TMEM70 and TAZ mutations (Barth syndrome) in these three patients, including a clearly abnormal monolysocardiolipin/cardiolipin ratio in the two Barth syndrome patients. Serially repeated metabolic investigations finally discovered the 3‐MGA‐uria biomarker in all three patients between the age of 6 and 18 months. Our observation provides novel insights into the temporal appearance of 3‐MGA‐uria in TMEM70 and TAZ mutations (Barth syndrome) and focus the importance of multidisciplinary management and careful evaluation of family history and red flag signs for phenocopies in infantile onset cardiomyopathies.
A Supramolecular Trap to Increase the Antibacterial Activity of Colistin
Authors: Liao Fang‐Hsuean , Wu Te‐Haw , Yao Chun‐Nien , Kuo Shu‐Chen , Su Chun‐Jen , Jeng U‐Ser , Lin Shu‐Yi
Published: November 2019

A strong interaction between colistin, a last‐resort antibiotic of the polymyxin family, and free lipopolysaccharide (LPS, also referred to as endotoxin), released from the Gram‐negative bacterial (GNB) outer membrane (OM), has been identified that can decrease the antibacterial efficacy of colistin, potentially increasing the dose of this antibiotic required for treatment. The competition between LPS in the GNB OM and free LPS for the interaction with colistin was prevented by using a supramolecular trap to capture free LPS. The supramolecular trap, fabricated from a subnanometer gold nanosheet with methyl motifs (SAuM), blocks lipid A, preventing the interaction between lipid A and colistin. This can minimize endotoxemia and maximize the antibacterial efficacy of colistin, enabling colistin to be used at lower doses. Thus, the potential crisis of colistin resistance could be avoided.
Molekül‐induzierte Radikalbildung – eine Neubewertung
Authors: Sandhiya Lakshmanan , Jangra Harish , Zipse Hendrik
Published: November 2019

Radikalkettenreaktionen werden normalerweise durch die thermische oder photochemische Aktivierung von Radikalinitiatoren, durch die photochemische Aktivierung der Substrate selbst oder durch gezielte Redoxprozesse eingeleitet. Woher Radikale in der Abwesenheit dieser Initiierungsstrategien kommen, ist oft wenig bekannt und wird daher auf das Vorhandensein unbekannter Verunreinigungen zurückgeführt. In dieser Situation bieten sich Molekül‐induzierte Radikalbildungs (MIRF)‐Reaktionen als wohldefinierte alternative Initiierungsmechanismen an. In ihrer allgemeinsten Definition reagieren in MIRF‐Reaktionen zwei geschlossenschalige Moleküle unter Bildung eines Radikalpaars oder Diradikals. Der genaue Charakter dieses Prozesses hängt von den σ‐ oder π‐Bindungen ab, die an der MIRF‐Reaktion beteiligt sind, und dieser Kurzaufsatz konzentriert sich besonders auf Reaktionen, in denen zwei σ‐Bindungen in zwei Radikale und ein geschlossenschaliges Produkt umgewandelt werden.
Stimuli‐Responsive Biomolecule‐Based Hydrogels and Their Applications
Authors: Vázquez‐González Margarita , Willner Itamar
Published: November 2019

This Review presents polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, nucleic acids, peptides, and proteins as functional stimuli‐responsive polymer scaffolds that yield hydrogels with controlled stiffness. Different physical or chemical triggers can be used to structurally reconfigure the crosslinking units and control the stiffness of the hydrogels. The integration of stimuli‐responsive supramolecular complexes and stimuli‐responsive biomolecular units as crosslinkers leads to hybrid hydrogels undergoing reversible triggered transitions across different stiffness states. Different applications of stimuli‐responsive biomolecule‐based hydrogels are discussed. The assembly of stimuli‐responsive biomolecule‐based hydrogel films on surfaces and their applications are discussed. The coating of drug‐loaded nanoparticles with stimuli‐responsive hydrogels for controlled drug release is also presented.
Isocyanurate transformation induced healing of isocyanurate–oxazolidone polymers
Authors: Zhang Lisha , Lin Jiajun , Sodano Henry A.
Published: November 2019

Isocyanurate–oxazolidone (ISOX) polymers have been reported as a novel, intrinsically self‐healable thermoset, and their healing mechanism under the effect of nucleophiles, such as tertiary amines and pyridines during polymerization, is thoroughly investigated in this study. This work provides evidence that the healing behavior of the polymers results part from the transformation of isocyanurate to oxazolidone on the fracture surfaces of the ISOX polymers at elevated temperatures. The isocyanurate transformation is characterized by chemical composition of the ISOX polymers before and after a predetermined healing procedure, through a combination characterization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the chemical composition of the ISOX polymers, an increased oxazolidone fraction is observed after the healing event, which verifies the hypothesized healing mechanism. By correlating the change in oxazolidone fraction in the polymers during the healing event, with the corresponding healing performance of the polymers, healing efficiencies of the polymers are shown to be inversely proportional to the ratio of oxazolidone to isocyanurate in the polymers. The transformation to oxazolidone is also shown to be dependent on two variables, nucleophilicity of the polymerization catalyst and duration of the postcure. The isocyanate and epoxide polymerization mechanism in the presence of nucleophiles is also investigated to explain the effect of the catalyst nucleophilicity on the chemical composition as well as the healing performance of the ISOX polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48698.
Data‐driven adaptive terminal sliding mode control with prescribed performance
Authors: Hou Mingdong , Wang Yinsong
Published: November 2019

We propose a novel data‐driven model‐free adaptive terminal sliding mode control (SMC) for a class of discrete nonlinear systems with perturbations in which tracking error constraints are taken into account in improving tracking accuracy. The goal of this design is that the tracking error trajectory is maintained within the prescribed convergence region which is defined by the performance function, while the disturbances exist. In explaining the advantage of this proposed control scheme, at first, by theoretical calculation, it is proved theoretically that the quasi‐sliding mode can be achieved in a limited time under the specified tracking performance. Furthermore, comparative investigation results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy is superior to model‐free adaptive control, model‐free adaptive terminal SMC, and data‐driven adaptive SMC with prescribed performance control algorithms in terms of tracking accuracy and response speed, which demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Robust asset allocation with conditional value at risk using the forward search
Authors: Grossi Luigi , Laurini Fabrizio
Published: November 2019

The well‐known Markowitz approach to portfolio allocation, based on expected returns and their covariance, seems to provide questionable results in financial management. One motivation for the pitfall is that financial returns have heavier than Gaussian tails, so the covariance of returns, used in the Markowitz model as a measure of portfolio risk, is likely to provide a loose quantification of the effective risk. Additionally, the Markowitz approach is very sensitive to small changes in either the expected returns or their correlation, often leading to irrelevant portfolio allocations. More recent allocation techniques are based on alternative risk measures, such as value at risk (VaR) and conditional VaR (CVaR), which are believed to be more accurate measures of risk for fat‐tailed distributions. Nevertheless, both VaR and CVaR estimates can be influenced by the presence of extreme returns. In this paper, we discuss sensitivity to the presence of extreme returns and outliers when optimizing the allocation, under the constraint of keeping CVaR to a minimum. A robust and efficient approach, based on the forward search, is suggested. A Monte Carlo simulation study shows the advantages of the proposed approach, which outperforms both robust and nonrobust alternatives under a variety of specifications. The performance of the method is also thoroughly evaluated with an application to a set of US stocks.
Identifying high‐density regions of pests within an orchard
Authors: He Fei , Jeske Daniel R. , Grafton‐Cardwell Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes a statistical method for identifying high‐density regions of pests, so‐called hot spots, within an orchard. Our method uses scanning windows to search for clusters of high counts within the sampled data. The proposed method enables a localized alternative for treatment that could be faster, less costly, and more environmentally friendly. R code that implements the hot spot identification method is provided as online supplementary material. The method is illustrated through simulated examples and a real data on counts of cottony cushion scales from an orchard.
Change process in systemic therapy: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Dourdouma Anna , Gelo Omar Carlo Gioacchino , Moertl Kathrin
Published: November 2019

This study addresses the process of therapeutic change in individuals who received systemic therapy. This study is an exploratory qualitative study based on the client's perceptions and therapeutic experiences. The sample included 10 clients who had completed their therapy with systemic therapists. The method used for the collection of the data was semi‐structured interviews (Change Interview; Elliott, Slatick, & Urman, 2001). The interviews were analysed using grounded theory analysis. The results showed that both specific and common factors in therapy function in a co‐occurring mode, hence suggesting a synergy effect between common factors and specific techniques or therapist factors in psychotherapy. The core category ‘experience of therapeutic change, within the secure frame of therapy, is a process of deconstructing and reconstructing the house you live in: Yourself’ emerged based on self‐exploration and self‐discovery and is then discussed in a theoretical constructivist framework. Implications for research on the issue of the process of therapeutic change are discussed.
Brassica rapa Polysaccharides Ameliorate CCl4‐Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice through Inhibiting Inflammatory Apoptotic Response and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Li Qiuyue , Yang Hailing , Wang Wenxiang , Li Ning , Zou Xuemei , Li Yangxin , Fan Gang , Zhang Yi , Kuang Tingting
Published: November 2019

Brassica rapa L., also called NIUMA, is used empirically in Tibetan medicine for its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and antiradiation activities. This study explored the hepatoprotective effects of B. rapa polysaccharides (BRPs) on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Mice were treated with CCl4 after the oral administration of BRPs (55, 110 and 220 mg/kg) or bifendate (100 mg/kg) for 7 days. Blood and liver samples of mice were collected for analysis after 24 h. The ALP, ALT and AST levels and the biological activities of SOD, MDA and GSH−Px were measured. Histopathological changes in the liver were determined through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 expression levels were detected by commercial reagent kits. Finally, Western blot analysis was used to check the relative expression levels of caspase‐3, p‐JAK2 and p‐STAT3. The BRP pre‐treatment significantly decreased the enzymatic activities of ALT, ALP and AST in the serum, markedly increased the activities of SOD and GSH−Px in the liver and reduced the MDA concentration in the liver. BRPs alleviated hepatocyte injury and markedly inhibited the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6, also downregulating the CCl4‐induced hepatic tissue expression of caspase‐3. Furthermore, BRPs inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in a dose‐dependent manner in the liver. This study demonstrated that BRPs exert hepatoprotective effect against the CCl4‐induced liver injury via modulating the apoptotic and inflammatory responses and downregulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, B. rapa could be considered a hepatoprotective medicine.
What resources do students need in a competency‐based online business communication program? A Westminster College case study
Authors: Seifert Christine , Newbold Curtis , Chapman Richard
Published: November 2019

The authors argue in this paper that self‐directed learning is a primary competency for hybrid and online business communication students in competency‐based programs. The results of a small case study of students in two professional, project‐based and competency‐based online graduate programs reveal an incongruent profile: While students tended toward high enthusiasm and aptitude for self‐directed learning, they chose learning resources that did not promote high levels of self‐direction. Student resistance to self‐direction suggests faculty in competency‐based programs must re‐think pedagogical approaches as well as the kinds of resources business and professional communication faculty provide for students and encourage them to use.
Chemical Reporters for Exploring Microbiology and Microbiota Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Zhenrun J. , Wang Yen‐Chih , Yang Xinglin , Hang Howard C.
Published: November 2019

The advances made in bioorthogonal chemistry and the development of chemical reporters have afforded new strategies to explore the targets and functions of specific metabolites in biology. These metabolite chemical reporters have been applied to diverse classes of bacteria including Gram‐negative, Gram‐positive, mycobacteria, and more complex microbiota communities. Herein we summarize the development and application of metabolite chemical reporters to study fundamental pathways in bacteria as well as microbiota mechanisms in health and disease.
Percutaneous paraspinal access to the azygos vein to create a neo‐vena cava
Authors: Sorensen Matthew W. , Bauser‐Heaton Holly , Petit Christopher J.
Published: November 2019

We present the case of a child with congenital heart disease repaired in infancy with diffuse central venous occlusions resulting in central venous insufficiency, superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, and intracranial bleeds. He presented to the catheterization laboratory for multiple transcatheter interventions to recanalize central venous channels which were unsuccessful by conventional methods. Therefore, extravascular venous channels were created to decompress his upper body by creation of a neo‐SVC and his lower body with a neo‐azygos vein to the neo‐SVC. The latter procedure required direct percutaneous access from a paraspinal approach in order to obtain continuity with the azygos vein. At latest follow‐up the patient is clinically well and asymptomatic.
Retracted: Adaptive control for a hypersonic vehicle based on evolutionary algorithm and convex optimization
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Li Hongkai
Published: November 2019

The dynamic model of hypersonic vehicle is nonlinear in nature because of time conditions and probabilities of occurrences. The dynamic model differs from the real‐time model because of the uncertainties and degradation of performances. Moreover, an effective feedback system is used to transform the matched and unmatched possibilities and certainties. To solve these issues and develop an efficient model in hypersonic system, this proposed model utilizes an evolutionary algorithm, along with convex optimization. In this, the control system tracks the inputs and controls by using dynamic convex control system (DCCS). During the process of DCCS, the input matrix gain is adapted with the algorithm and adaptive elements with saturation factors that are handled with ultimate boundaries based on the results of the existing work. The tracking error and the utilization dead zone errors are rectified at the most using the proposed model. Finally, the numerical real‐time simulations are performed, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral [4+2] Annulation for Direct Assembly of 3‐Acyl Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones as Potent Antitumor Agents
Authors: Bian Mengyao , Ma Lei , Wu Min , Wu Liexin , Gao Hui , Yi Wei , Zhang Chao , Zhou Zhi
Published: November 2019

By virtue of an efficient rhodium(III)‐catalyzed redox‐neutral C−H activation/ring‐opening of a strained ring/[4+2] annulation cascade of N‐methoxybenzamides with propargyl cycloalkanols, diverse 3‐acyl isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones were directly obtained in good yields and with excellent functional group compatibility. Additionally, their antitumor activities against various human cancer cells including HepG2, A549, MCF‐7 and SH‐SY5Y were evaluated and the action mechanism of the selected compound was also investigated in vitro. The results revealed that these products possessed a potent efficacy, by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in a time‐dependent and dose‐dependent manner, suggesting that such compounds can serve as promising candidates for anti lung cancer drug discovery.
Oligodentate Phosphine Ligands with Phospholane End Groups: New Synthetic Access and Application to Molybdenum‐Based Synthetic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Pfeil Mareike , Engesser Tobias A. , Koch Alexander , Junge Jannik , Krahmer Jan , Näther Christian , Tuczek Felix
Published: November 2019

A new synthetic access to oligodentate phosphine ligands with phospholane end groups, starting from lithium phospholanide, is established. Based on this building block, the tridentate ligand prPP(Ph)P‐pln was synthesized and used for the synthesis of [MoX3{prPP(Ph)P‐pln}] (X = Cl, Br, I) precursors. Sodium amalgam reduction in the presence of N2 and either mono‐ or bidentate ligands leads to several molybdenum(0) mono‐ and bis(dinitrogen) complexes, respectively. With the diphosphine dppm a mixture of facial and meridional isomers of [Mo(N2){prPP(Ph)P‐pln}(dppm)] is formed. Using the monophosphines PMePh2 and PMe2Ph mer‐[Mo(N2){prPP(Ph)P‐pln}(PMe2Ph)2] and trans‐[Mo(N2)2{prPP(Ph)P‐pln}(PMePh2)] could be obtained. The spectroscopic properties and reactivity of the latter towards protonation was investigated, and a hydrazido complex could be obtained and characterized.
Regioselective Synthesis of Thieno[3,2‐b]quinolones by Acylation/Two‐Fold Buchwald–Hartwig Reactions
Authors: Janke Julia , Ehlers Peter , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: November 2019

A variety of thienoquinolones were synthesized from readily accessible thiophene derivatives by regioselective acylations and subsequent two‐fold Buchwald–Hartwig–amination. This cyclization allows a convenient synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically important thienoquinolones. Several thienoquinolones were synthesized in good to very good yields. The optical properties of the products were studied in detail.
Carbon‐Coated Na3V2(PO4)3 Supported on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Half‐/Full‐Cell Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhong Zeqin , Ren Shibin , Han De-Man
Published: November 2019

Na‐ion superionic conductor (NASICON)‐based Na3V2(PO4)3 is regarded as a potential cathode for sodium‐ion batteries, due to the excellent thermal stability and large ion diffusion channel. Herein, multiwalled carbon nanotube–pierced Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP@C/MWCNT) is synthesized through a simple sol–gel approach. Tested as a cathode for sodium‐ion half batteries, the as‐prepared electrode displays an excellent reversible capacity (111.6 mA h g−1 at 1 C) and superior rate capability (63.2 mA h g−1 at 80 C). Furthermore, in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of NVP@C/MWCNTs indicate the apparent two‐phase (de‐)sodiation process. In contrast, the ortho‐disodium salts of tetrahydroxyquinone (o‐Na2C6H2O6) are prepared as an anode, which demonstrates a reversible discharge capacity of 156.8 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and enhanced high‐rate performance (72.1 mA h g−1 at 20 C) for sodium–organic half batteries. When evaluated as a Na‐ion full cell, a NVP@C/MWCNT || o‐Na2C6H2O6 full cell shows outstanding rate capability (33.3 mA h g−1 at 1.0 A g−1). Such impressive electrochemical behavior is related to the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. This not only enhances electronic conductivity of NVP, but also inhibits the growth of grains, which shortens the Na+ diffusion length and increases the contact space between electrode/electrolyte.
Utility Cybersecurity Preparedness: Filling the Cybersecurity Gap to Improve Resiliency
Authors: Ensor James , Jarvis Kasib , Crider Scott , Hung Kaylene
Published: November 2019

The energy sector faces a significant opportunity for innovation as new connected technologies are integrated into the generation, transmission, and distribution processes. However, the challenge of securing the existing grid against cyber‐vulnerabilities created by new technologies is just as great. The rise of distributed energy resources and the industrial internet of things (IoT) has set the stage for a highly interconnected, reliable, and responsive energy grid. That said, this level of new and increasing interconnectivity has simultaneously made the grid more vulnerable to cyberattacks than ever before. Given the mounting security threats to the exiting grid, having an appropriate strategy in place to maintain operations through a cyberattack has become critical, particularly in the utility industry. Guaranteeing safe and reliable electricity and gas distribution to customers requires a cybersecurity strategy beyond just compliance with current regulatory guidelines.
Market‐Based Barrels of Oil Equivalent: A Better Indicator for Exploration and Production Company Enterprise Values
Authors: Scheig Gregory E.
Published: November 2019

Many investors, Wall Street analysts, and valuation professionals consider barrels of oil equivalent (BOEs) a key metric for determining and comparing enterprise values between companies. Given the current difference between oil prices and natural gas prices, an adjusted BOE metric reflecting the current and expected commodity prices can provide additional insights for enterprise valuations.
Using stable isotopes to identify major flow pathways in a permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope during summer rainfall period
Authors: Xiao Xiong , Zhang Fan , Li Xiaoyan , Zeng Chen , Shi Xiaonan , Wu Huawu , Jagirani Muhammad Dodo , Che Tao
Published: November 2019

Global warming has leaded to permafrost degradation, with potential impacts on the runoff generation processes of permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope. Stable isotopes have the potential to trace the complex runoff generation processes. In this study, precipitation, hillslope surface and subsurface runoff, stream water, and mobile soil water (MSW) at different hillslope positions and depths were collected during the summer rainfall period to analyse the major flow pathway based on stable isotopic signatures. The results indicated that (a) compared with precipitation, the δ2H values of MSW showed little temporal variation but strong heterogeneity with enriched isotopic ratios at lower hillslope positions and in deeper soil layers. (b) The δ2H values of middle‐slope surface runoff and shallow subsurface flow were similar to those of precipitation and MSW of the same soil layer, respectively. (c) Middle‐slope shallow subsurface flow was the major flow pathway of the permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope, which turned into surface runoff at the riparian zone before contributing to the streamflow. (d) The slight variation of δ2H values in stream water was shown to be related to mixing processes of new water (precipitation, 2%) and old water (middle‐slope shallow subsurface flow, 98%) in the highly transmissive shallow thawed soil layers. It was inferred that supra‐permafrost water levels would be lowered to a less conductive, deeper soil layer under further warming and thawing permafrost, which would result in a declined streamflow and delayed runoff peak. This study explained the “rapid mobilization of old water” paradox in permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope and improved our understanding of permafrost hillslope hydrology in alpine regions.
Computer aided detection and diagnosis methodology for brain stroke using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system classifier
Authors: Anbumozhi Selladurai
Published: November 2019

A stroke or “brain attack” occurs when the blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted. In this article, ischemic stroke is detected and diagnosed using the following stages: noise reduction, enhancement, skull removal, feature extraction and k‐means clustering. The impulse noises in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image are reduced using directional filtering algorithm. The noise reduced brain image is further enhanced using oriented local histogram equalization technique. The skull is removed from the enhanced brain image. Features are extracted and stroke region is segmented using k‐means clustering and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) classifier. The main objective of this article is to develop a methodology for the detection of stroke using MRI brain images.
Expression of chemokines in macrophage polarization and downregulation of NFκB in aorta allow macrophage polarization by diosgenin in atherosclerosis
Authors: Binesh Ambika , Devaraj Sivasithambaram Niranjali , Devaraj Halagowder
Published: November 2019

M1 macrophages serve one edge as proinflammatory and M2 macrophages serve the other edge as an anti‐inflammatory macrophage. It appears that a related “switch” in macrophage morphology may also happen in the course of atherosclerosis, which has not yet been elucidated. An atherogenic diet (AD) was given to rats, and induction of macrophage differentiation and the nuclear localization of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NFκB) were investigated by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Chemokines were analyzed using an antibody array with 32 target proteins. M2 macrophage transformation was confirmed in diosgenin‐treated aorta by immunofluorescence and was validated in vitro using THP‐1 cells. MAC387 (macrophage marker) and NFκBp65 (inflammatory hub) were upregulated in oxidatively‐modified low‐density lipoprotein (OxyLDL) and AD‐induced condition. Macrophage differentiation, which induced the formation of inflammatory mediators, was not significantly suppressed by the inhibition of NFκB using dexamethasone. M1 macrophage polarization was identified in OxyLDL‐induced monocytes, which are proinflammatory in nature, whereas M2 macrophage polarization was noticed in diosgenin‐treated monocytes, which exhibit anti‐inflammatory properties. M1‐and M2‐specific chemokines were analyzed using chemokine antibody array. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory macrophage (M1) was noticed in AD‐induced aorta and anti‐inflammatory macrophage (M2) was observed in diosgenin‐treated aorta. This is the first report where, unifying the mechanism of diosgenin as aan nti‐atherosclerotic and the expression of M1 and M2 specific chemokines is shown by downregulating NFκB and not by preventing the differentiation of monocyte into a macrophage, but by allowing macrophage to differentiate into M2, which aids in preventing the atherosclerotic progression.
Improvements in psychologists’ metacommunication self‐efficacy, willingness, and skill following online training and a supervision exercise
Authors: Calvert Fiona L. , Deane Frank P. , Barrett Jessica
Published: November 2019

Objective(s)

Psychologists’ experiences of an online training tool in metacommunication as well as an in‐supervisory metacommunication exercise were examined.

Method

A total of 101 participants completed a training tool in metacommunication and changes in self‐efficacy (SE) to use metacommunication with clients, the proportion of metacommunication used in vignette‐responses, and their willingness to use metacommunication in supervision were assessed pre‐ and posttraining and at 6‐week follow‐up. A total of 48 participants elected to undertake the in‐supervision exercise.

Results

Participants reported significantly higher willingness and self‐efficacy after completing the online training. They also showed a higher proportion of metacommunicative statements in their posttraining vignette responses compared with pretraining. The increase in willingness was retained at 6‐week follow‐up. There was an increase in self‐efficacy from pre‐ to postonline‐training, and this increased at follow‐up.

Conclusions

This opens the door to better developing metacommunication skills in supervisees through both online training and the metacommunication supervisory exercise. Areas for continued research are outlined.
Knowledge and opinions regarding BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing among primary care physicians
Authors: Dekanek Erin W. , Thull Darcy L. , Massart Mylynda , Grubs Robin E. , Rajkovic Aleksander , Mai Phuong L.
Published: November 2019

BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) testing is standard for individuals with personal and/or family history suggestive of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. The indications for testing have been expanding. To accommodate the need, incorporation of cancer genetic services into the practice of non‐genetic healthcare providers should be considered. We carried out a survey to evaluate the knowledge and opinions regarding BRCA1/2 testing among primary care providers. The survey was sent to 245 Obstetrics/Gynecology and 97 Family Medicine physicians in the UPMC network. Eighty‐six completed the survey between July 2015 and September 2015. The average correct responses to knowledge questions was 73%. A few respondents reported being completely confident, and ~50% reported being somewhat confident, in providing BRCA1/2‐related information. Respondents selected genetic specialists and oncologists as the most qualified to provide cancer genetic services. Several perceived barriers and motivating factors to the implementation of BRCA1/2 testing in primary care were identified. The findings from this study suggested that primary care providers were not uniformly ready to provide BRCA1/2 genetic testing. Availability of professional society guidelines and evidence of testing's usefulness might motivate the incorporation of BRCA1/2 genetic testing into primary care practices. These findings would help guide future educational efforts to promote provision of cancer genetic services by non‐genetic professionals.
Simple water‐based tacrolimus enemas for refractory proctitis
Authors: Fehily Sasha R. , Martin Felicity C. , Kamm Michael A.
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims

Rectal ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) often do not respond to conventional therapies. Oral and suppository tacrolimus are effective but often poorly tolerated or are complex to formulate. Tacrolimus is topically active, water soluble, and has minimal systemic toxicity when administered rectally; we therefore tested a simple tap water‐based enema formulation.

Methods

Tacrolimus powder from 1 mg capsules and tap water in a 60 mL syringe were delivered rectally. The primary end‐point was endoscopic response (UC: MAYO score reduction by one point; CD: improvement in ulcer number and severity). Secondary end‐points included endoscopic remission, clinical response, stool frequency, and rectal bleeding.

Results

Seventeen patients [12 UC, five CD, nine female, median age 31 years] with refractory rectal disease were treated. The majority of patients had failed immunosuppressive therapy [88% thiopurine; 71% biologic therapy]. Initial enemas included 1–4 mg tacrolimus daily and 1–3 mg tacrolimus maintenance three times a week for a median of 20 weeks (range 3–204). Concomitant thiopurine or biologic therapy continued. 94% tolerated therapy. Of 12 UC patients, eight (67%) achieved endoscopic remission, one further patient achieved endoscopic response, and median partial MAYO scores decreased (pre:4 vs. post:2; P = 0.010). Of five CD patients, three (60%) achieved endoscopic response, two (40%) endoscopic remission, and three (60%) clinical response. Stool frequency, rectal bleeding, and C‐reactive protein levels improved. Strictures became endoscopically passable in all four affected patients. No major adverse events were reported, and four patients had disease flare.

Conclusions

Tacrolimus enemas are easy to prepare, well tolerated, effective, and safe. They should be included in the treatment armamentarium for inflammatory bowel disease‐related refractory proctitis.
Raman spectroscopy to investigate the speciation and origin of hazardous elements associated to suspended particulate matter during a large flood event
Authors: Gredilla Ainara , Fdez‐Ortiz de Vallejuelo Silvia , Gomez‐Nubla Leticia , Aramendia Julene , Ruiz‐Romera Estilita , de Diego Alberto , Antigüedad Iñaki , Madariaga Juan Manuel
Published: November 2019

Hazardous elements are usually incorporated in natural fresh waters forming inorganic compounds or adsorbed onto organic matter as insoluble compounds in suspended particulate matters (SPMs). Considering the predominant transport of SPMs during heavy rainfalls, storms, or snow melting, such events require deep and exhaustive research to evaluate their environmental risk. The present work applies Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of SPM samples collected during a storm event (collected every 2 hr with an automatic water sampler) in a gauging station of an urban river (Deba River, one of the most polluted rivers in the Basque Country, Spain). In order to obtain revealing molecular information about the hazardous element distribution on the SPM during strong rainfall events micro‐Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging were combined. The molecular characterization by Raman analysis determined that the main part of the compounds was from natural origin, such as, quartz, silicates, talc, calcite, etc. Contrary to oxides or oxi/hydroxides of lead, zinc, iron, titanium, or manganese, which were, probably, from anthropogenic origin. Those results were in agreement with energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction analyses on SPM samples. Organic compounds such as calcium oxalate, amorphous carbon and β‐Carotene, and carbonates, such as, calcite, high‐Mg calcite, dolomite, strontianite, and graphite, as crystalline allotrope of carbon, were also found. Finally, Raman imaging analyses provided evidence enough to conclude that in the flood event studied, the SPMs firstly mobilized were rich in compounds with anthropogenic and/or natural origin, and the SPMs mobilized in the second part of the event were characterized by natural compounds coming from the lithogenic components of the area. Therefore, these discoveries support Raman imaging as a useful technique on the future sustainable management framework of the river.
Recurrence pattern and outcomes in T4 colon cancer: A single institution analysis
Authors: Macari David , Kawak Samer , Raofi Vandad , Wasvary Harry , Jaiyesimi Ishmael
Published: November 2019

Background and objectives

Patients with T4 colon adenocarcinoma have an increased risk of locoregional and distant recurrence. This study defines the metastatic pattern, predictors of recurrence, and efficacy of adjuvant treatment in T4 colon cancer.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of patients with T4 colon adenocarcinoma from May 2005 to November 2015 at a tertiary care hospital. Baseline factors, follow‐up, recurrence, and survival were collected and analyzed.

Results

Locoregional recurrence (LR) rates for N0, N1, and N2 were 21/85 (24.7%), 14/50 (28%), and 21/46 (45.7%), respectively (P = .014). Multivariate analysis for distant recurrence was significant for positive nodes (hazard ratio [HR], 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐9.9). Multivariate analysis for LR was significant for the following variables: perforation (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2‐6.2), lymphovascular invasion (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1‐6.7), positive nodes (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2‐6.9), and positive margins (HR, 5.0; 95% CI, 2.1‐12.1). Multivariate analysis for overall survival was significant for: signet ring histology (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2‐5.8), positive nodes (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2‐4.4), and positive margin (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4‐5.8).

Conclusion

T4 colon adenocarcinoma has a high risk of LR and mortality. Clinical trials utilizing the aforementioned high‐risk features may increase the ability to demonstrate beneficial intervention.
The Rivers Centre in Scotland: An Attachment‐Based Service Model for People With Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Fyvie Claire , Easton Paula , Moreton Gill , McKeever Jenny , Karatzias Thanos
Published: November 2019

The Rivers Centre in Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom) operated for nearly 20 years as a traditional specialist trauma service, delivering psychological therapies to an adult population affected by trauma. Embedded in a health and social care system whose characteristics were unhelpful for people with histories of insecure attachment experiences, the Rivers Centre aimed to find a different way of working, and in January 2017, it relaunched with a new model of service. The aim of this paper is to describe the new service model from an organizational perspective in the context of attachment theory. At the heart of the model is the premise that to be effective, a trauma service needs to provide people with an alternative model of attachment. Early signs from service audit data indicate that an attachment‐based way of working can improve engagement and can provide a supportive and responsive environment in which people can learn to recover.