bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of an Aboriginal Cultural Enrichment Program on Adolescent Mothers’ Self-Perceptions
Authors: Bent Kathy , Josephson Wendy , Kelly Barry
Published: June 2020

This study explored the effects of an Aboriginal cultural enrichment initiative on the self-concept of ten pregnant or parenting adolescent women, all but one of whom were of Aboriginal descent. The cultural enrichment activities were integrated into a program of support for adolescent mothers. Questionnaires were administered to the participants at the beginning and after six weeks of participating in the cultural enrichment component of the program. The Self-Perception Proﬁle for Adolescents (Harter, 1988) was used to measure global self-worth and self-perception across eight domains. Overall cultural identity, cultural identity achievement, cultural behaviours and sense of afﬁrmation and belonging were measured using the 20 item Multigroup Ethnic Identity Questionnaire (Phinney, 1998b). Individual audio-taped interviews were also undertaken following completion of the post-tests. After six weeks of the cultural enrichment program, the participants’ cultural identity achievement scores increased signiﬁcantly, and participants who had achieved a strong cultural identity also had higher levels of global selfworth. Average self concept became more positive in the speciﬁc domains of job competence and behavioural conduct. In the interviews, participants expressed positive reactions to the cultural component of the program, and attributed positive personal changes to the cultural experiences it provided. The results support the conclusion that it is highly beneﬁcial to incorporate a cultural component into services for Aboriginal youth.
A Commentary Against Aboriginal to non-Aboriginal Adoption
Authors: Richard Kenn
Published: June 2020

This article focuses on the author’s experience and observations respecting the appropriateness of adopting Aboriginal children into non-Aboriginal settings, and its impact on children, youth and parents receiving services from an Aboriginal child and family services agency in Toronto.
Flash is dead, long live Flash! (Apuntes para una epistemología del ‘software’ de autor)
Authors: Alberich-Pascual Jordi
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre la pervivencia e interés del legado cultural de (Adobe) Flash ante su inminente obsolescencia tecnológica. Hasta su substitución reciente por un renovado conjunto de nuevos formatos y estándares web abiertos como HTML 5, WebGL o WebAssembly, Flash ha sido el software de autor de referencia durante más de dos décadas en el ámbito de la animación vectorial interactiva.
STRUČNI ISPITI IZ OBLASTI ZAŠTITE NA RADU U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ
Authors: Vranješ Biljana , Tadić Vladislava
Published: June 2020

Novim Zakonom o zaštiti na radu („Službeni glasnik Republike Srpske”, broj1/08 i 13/10) novina u oblasti zaštite na radu je polaganje stručnih ispita iz oblasti zaštitei zdravlja na radu.Radnik (stručnjak) za zaštitu i zdravlje na radu sa položenim stručnim ispitom jelice koje zapošljava poslodavac radi obavljanja poslova nadzora nad sprovođenjem mjerazaštite i zdravlja na radu i pružanja stručne pomoći poslodavcu, zaposlenima i njihovimpredstavnicima. Istraživanje uloge stručnog ispita iz oblasti zaštite na radu je sprovedenosa ciljem da se pokaže nivo implementacije znanja u sistem zaštite i zdravlja na radu uRepublici Srpskoj. Rezultati istraživanja će otvoriti mogućnosti i ukazati na smjernice daljegusavršavanja i stručnog osposobljavanja lica koja se bave oblašću zaštite na radu.
РЕЛИГИЈСКЕ ОСНОВЕ МЕДИЦИНСКЕ ЕТИКЕ
Authors: Стојановић Горан
Published: June 2020

У овом раду аутор покушава одредити допринос религије на појаву медицине и развој медицинске етике. Почетак медицине у западним и источним културама објашњава се митолошки. У Индији морал индијских љекара одређен је хиндуистичким концептом карме и осмоструким путем будизма. Морал кинеских љекара условљен је етиком конфучијанства и даоизма. Значајан је утицај аврамовских религија на праксу средњовјековне медицине. Са новим вијеком медицина се професионализује, а медицинска етика секуларизује. Уочен је антагонизам између религије и медицине, али исто тако и мјесто њиховог преплитања. Аутор установљује да је теолошки допринос појави биоетике неправедно маргинализован. Разматрање односа између религије и медицине конструктивнo је за медицинску етику у погледу стручног образовања, научног истраживања и клиничке праксе.
DRUŠTVENI KONTEKST I FAŠIZAM RENTA
Authors: Radetić–Lovrić Sanja
Published: June 2020

Kada je zima bila na izmaku, u izdanju Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci izašla je monografija pod naslovom Društveni kontekst i fašizam renta, čiji naslov zvuči neobično, pomalo intrigantno, ali i provokativno. Monografija je posljednje djelo koje je u svojoj bogatoj naučnoj, nastavnoj i stručnoj karijeri napisao prof. dr Branko Milosavljević, professor emeritus Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci. Prvi primjerak monografije dobio je sam autor, samo nekoliko dana pred kraj svog života i bio je zadovoljan vjerujući da će služiti prvenstveno studentima društvenih nauka, te medijima da usmjere pažnju na možda latentna, ali stvarna značenja savremene društvene zbilje.
Caenorhabditis elegans PIEZO channel coordinates multiple reproductive tissues to govern ovulation
Authors: Bai Xiaofei , Bouffard Jeff , Lord Avery , Brugman Katherine , Sternberg Paul W , Cram Erin J , Golden Andy
Published: June 2020

PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are newly identified mechanosensitive ion channels that exhibit a preference for calcium in response to mechanical stimuli. In this study, we discovered the vital roles of pezo-1, the sole PIEZO ortholog in Caenorhabditiselegans, in regulating reproduction. A number of deletion alleles, as well as a putative gain-of-function mutant, of PEZO-1 caused a severe reduction in brood size. In vivo observations showed that oocytes undergo a variety of transit defects as they enter and exit the spermatheca during ovulation. Post-ovulation oocytes were frequently damaged during spermathecal contraction. However, the calcium signaling was not dramatically changed in the pezo-1 mutants during ovulation. Loss of PEZO-1 also led to an inability of self-sperm to navigate back to the spermatheca properly after being pushed out of the spermatheca during ovulation. These findings suggest that PEZO-1 acts in different reproductive tissues to promote proper ovulation and fertilization in C. elegans.
Targeted surveillance strategies for efficient detection of novel antibiotic resistance variants
Authors: Hicks Allison L , Kissler Stephen M , Mortimer Tatum D , Ma Kevin C , Taiaroa George , Ashcroft Melinda , Williamson Deborah A , Lipsitch Marc , Grad Yonatan H
Published: June 2020

Genotype-based diagnostics for antibiotic resistance represent a promising alternative to empiric therapy, reducing inappropriate antibiotic use. However, because such assays infer resistance based on known genetic markers, their utility will wane with the emergence of novel resistance. Maintenance of these diagnostics will therefore require surveillance to ensure early detection of novel resistance variants, but efficient strategies to do so remain undefined. We evaluate the efficiency of targeted sampling approaches informed by patient and pathogen characteristics in detecting antibiotic resistance and diagnostic escape variants in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a pathogen associated with a high burden of disease and antibiotic resistance and the development of genotype-based diagnostics. We show that patient characteristic-informed sampling is not a reliable strategy for efficient variant detection. In contrast, sampling informed by pathogen characteristics, such as genomic diversity and genomic background, is significantly more efficient than random sampling in identifying genetic variants associated with resistance and diagnostic escape.
Numerical Analysis of the Flow of a Casson Fluid in Magnetic Field over an Inclined Nonlinearly Stretching Surface with Velocity Slip in a Forchheimer Porous Medium
Authors: Kala Bhim Sen , Rawat Madan Singh , Kumar Ajay
Published: June 2020

In this work, we have studied a magnetohydrodynamic, Casson fluid flow with velocity slip over an inclined nonlinearly stretching surface in Non-Darcy porous medium, numerically. In the mathematical model, we have transformed the momentum equation, energy equation and mass concentration equations to non-dimensional ordinary differential equations using similarity variables. We have solved the equations numerically by bvp4c using MATLAB for the numerical computation, and took  and axes so that figures are clearly visible. We have discussed and analysed the magnitude of the velocity, temperature, concentration, Local Skin friction, Local Nusselt number and Local Sherwood number using their representative parameters and the effects of these parameters on the respective boundary layer regions using graphs, figures and tables.
Effects of environmental synchrony and density‐dependent dispersal on temporal and spatial slopes of Taylor's law
Authors: Saitoh Takashi
Published: June 2020

Taylor's law (TL) is an empirical rule that describes an approximate relationship between the variance and mean of population density: log10(variance) ≈ log10(a) + b × log10(mean). Population synchrony is another prevailing feature observed in empirical populations. This study investigated the effects of environmental synchrony and density‐dependent dispersal on the temporal (bT) and spatial (bS) slopes of TL, using an empirical dataset of gray‐sided vole populations and simulation analyses based on the second‐order autoregressive (AR) model. Eighty‐five empirical populations satisfied the temporal and spatial TLs with bT = 1.943 (±SE 0.143) and bS = 1.579 (±SE 0.136). The pairwise synchrony of population was 0.377 ± 0.199 (mean ± SD). Most simulated populations that obeyed the AR model satisfied the form of the temporal and spatial TLs without being affected by the environmental synchrony and density‐dependent dispersal; however, those simulated slopes were too steep. The incorporation of environmental synchrony resulted in reduced simulated slopes, but those slopes, too, were still unrealistically steep. By incorporating density‐dependent dispersal, simulated slopes decreased and fell within a realistic range. However, the simulated populations without environmental synchrony did not exhibit an adequate degree of density synchrony. In simulations that included both environmental synchrony and density‐dependent dispersal, 92.7% of the simulated datasets provided realistic values for bT, bS and population synchrony. Because the two slopes were more sensitive to the variation of density‐dependent dispersal than that of environmental synchrony, density‐dependent dispersal may be the key to the determination of bT and bS.
The genome of the Cauliflower mosaic virus, a plant pararetrovirus, is highly methylated in the nucleus
Authors: Omae Natsuki , Suzuki Masashi , Ugaki Masashi
Published: June 2020

Cytosine methylation is an important defense against invasive DNAs. Here, cytosine methylation profiles of a plant pararetrovirus, Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), were investigated. Nuclear CaMV DNA is highly methylated throughout the genome including at transcription regulatory regions, but the virion DNA is unmethylated. In vitro CG methylation of the viral 35S promoter reduces transcription from the downstream gene. Although nuclear CaMV DNA is highly methylated, its transcripts are accumulated in the nucleus. The data suggest that a small population of unmethylated viral genomes produced through reverse transcription are constantly delivered back to the nucleus. Small RNA profiles suggest that methylation of the CaMV DNA may be due to de novo methylation through 21‐, 22‐, and 24‐nt small RNAs with adenines at their 5' terminus.
Roll‐to‐Roll Reverse‐Offset Printing Combined with Photonic Sintering Process for Highly Conductive Ultrafine Patterns
Authors: Zhong Zhaoyang , Ko Pyeongsam , Seok Jae Young , Kim Hyuntae , Kwon Sin , Youn Hongseok , Woo Kyoohee
Published: June 2020

Herein, a roll‐to‐roll (R2R) continuous reverse‐offset (RO) printing process combined with an intense pulsed light (IPL) sintering technique for the mass production of Ag nanoparticles (NPs)‐based highly conductive, ultrafine patterns on the low‐cost, heat‐sensitive polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate is first explored. Variations in printing quality depending on the ink‐coating thickness and the applied pressure during the off process and printing times are observed. By these observations, their effects on pattern quality are identified, and the blanket swelling responsible for printing stability degradation is solved using infrared (IR) exposure. By analyzing the thermal behavior of RO ink, the microstructures of patterns as IPL irradiation conditions are investigated. Contrary to the case of high‐power light for a short time, a steady and gradual volume change is induced in the pattern irradiated by low‐power light for a long time so that cracks and pores are considerably suppressed. The R2R inline production of densely sintered mesh (less than ≈10 μm) transparent electrodes (Rs = 9.86 ± 0.36 Ω sq−1 at T ≈ 90%) is successfully demonstrated via successive IPL irradiations synchronized with printing velocity. Finally, the potential use of R2R‐produced electrodes is clearly proved by fabricating flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Canonic‐Like HER Activity of Cr1–xMoxB2 Solid Solution: Overpowering Pt/C at High Current Density
Authors: Park Hyounmyung , Lee Eunsoo , Lei Ming , Joo Hyunkeun , Coh Sinisa , Fokwa Boniface P. T.
Published: June 2020

Abundant transition metal borides are emerging as substitute electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts for noble metals. Herein, an unusual canonic‐like behavior of the c lattice parameter in the AlB2‐type solid solution Cr1–xMoxB2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1) and its direct correlation to the HER activity in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution are reported. The activity increases with increasing x, reaching its maximum at x = 0.6 before decreasing again. At high current densities, Cr0.4Mo0.6B2 outperforms Pt/C, as it needs 180 mV less overpotential to drive an 800 mA cm−2 current density. Cr0.4Mo0.6B2 has excellent long‐term stability and durability showing no significant activity loss after 5000 cycles and 25 h of operation in acid. First‐principles calculations have correctly reproduced the nonlinear dependence of the c lattice parameter and have shown that the mixed metal/B layers, such as (110), promote hydrogen evolution more efficiently for x = 0.6, supporting the experimental results.
A Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Responsive Lanthanide–Cyanine FRET Sensor for NIR‐II Luminescence‐Lifetime In Situ Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Mengyao , Li Benhao , Wu Yifan , He Haisheng , Zhu Xinyan , Zhang Hongxin , Dou Chaoran , Feng Lishuai , Fan Yong , Zhang Fan
Published: June 2020

Deep tissue imaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window holds great promise for widespread fundamental research. However, inhomogeneous signal attenuation due to tissue absorption and scattering hampers its application for accurate in vivo biosensing. Here, lifetime‐based in situ hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection in NIR‐II region is presented using a tumor‐microenvironment (peroxynitrite, ONOO−)‐responsive lanthanide–cyanine Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) nanosensor. A specially designed ONOO−‐responsive NIR‐II dye, MY‐1057, is synthesized as the FRET acceptor. Robust lifetime sensing is demonstrated to be independent of tissue penetration depth. Tumor lesions are accurately distinguished from normal tissue due to the recovery lifetime. Magnetic resonance imaging and liver dissection results illustrate the reliability of lifetime‐based detection in single and multiple HCC models. Moreover, the ONOO− amount can be calculated according to the standard curve.
Designing Champion Nanostructures of Tungsten Dichalcogenides for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Han Wenqian , Liu Zihan , Pan Yanbo , Guo Guannan , Zou Jinxiang , Xia Yan , Peng Zhenmeng , Li Wei , Dong Angang
Published: June 2020

Fine‐tuning strain and vacancies in 2H‐phase transition‐metal dichalcogenides, although extremely challenging, is crucial for activating the inert basal plane for boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, atomically curved 2H‐WS2 nanosheets with precisely tunable strain and sulfur vacancies (S‐vacancies) along with rich edge sites are synthesized via a one‐step approach by harnessing geometric constraints. The approach is based on the confined epitaxy growth of WS2 in ordered mesoporous graphene derived from nanocrystal superlattices. The spherical curvature imposed by the graphitic mesopores enables the generation of uniform strain and S‐vacancies in the as‐grown WS2 nanosheets, and simultaneous manipulation of these two key parameters can be realized by simply adjusting the pore size. In addition, the formation of unique mesoporous WS2@graphene van der Waals heterostructures ensures the ready access of active sites. Fine‐tuning the WS2 layer number, strain, and S‐vacancies enables arguably the best‐performing HER 2H‐WS2 electrocatalysts ever reported. Density functional theory calculations indicate that compared with strain, S‐vacancies play a more critical role in enhancing the HER activity.
Non‐Bonding Electron Pair versus π‐Electrons in Solution Phase Halogen Bond Catalysis: Povarov Reaction of 2‐Vinylindoles and Imines
Authors: Suzuki Takumi , Kuwano Satoru , Arai Takayoshi
Published: June 2020

The non‐bonding electron pair (n‐pair) of heteroatoms and π‐electrons are both efficient halogen bond (XB) acceptors. In solid and gas phase studies, n‐pairs generally prevail over π‐bonding orbitals as XB acceptors, whereas few studies have been conducted regarding the preference in solution phase. Herein, the Povarov reaction via the C−I⋅⋅⋅N XB interaction and [4+2] cycloaddition via the C−I⋅⋅⋅π XB interaction were evaluated, revealing that the n‐pair was more dominant in the XB catalysis system in solution. The XB donor‐catalyzed Povarov reaction gave diverse indolyl‐tetrahydroquinoline derivatives in good yields. Synthesis of indolyl‐quinolines was also developed.

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Tribute to John B. Goodenough: From Magnetism to Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Mauger Alain , Julien Christian M. , Armand Michel , Zaghib Karim
Published: June 2020

In macroeconomics, the rate of economic growth in the world is a historical phenomenon, which will mark the 20th century. It was made possible by an increasing consumption of fossil fuel. However, not only are these resources limited and unrenewable, but combustion has dramatic side effects such as emission of greenhouse gases responsible for global warming and change of climate. As a consequence, major efforts have been taken to move away from fossil fuels and switch to renewable energy including solar and wind energy. These energy sources, however, are intermittent and can be integrated into the electrical network only after regulation. Electrochemical storage is a key solution to regulate these intermittent sources of energy into smart grids. Although governments have only recently become aware of this problem, some scientists have been focusing their attention on rechargeable batteries since the 1970s, and it took until 2019 for the Nobel committee to award the Nobel prize to those who paved the path to their development. John B. Goodenough is one of the three winners of this Nobel prize, for his pioneering research on lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The impact of LIBs includes the development of rechargeable hybrid and electric vehicles at the expense of gasoline cars. Before the 1970s, however, John B. Goodenough had already made major contributions to materials science as a solid state physicist, including the investigation of the interplay between the magnetic and transport properties of perovskites. It is the purpose of the present work to report a brief review of the scientific works of John B. Goodenough, through selected works that demonstrate his mastery of chemistry and physics.
Long‐term rotation diversity and nitrogen effects on soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks
Authors: Schmer Marty R. , Jin Virginia L. , Wienhold Brian J. , Becker Sophia M. , Varvel Gary E.
Published: June 2020

Understanding the impacts of long‐term fertilizer management and rotation diversity on soil C and N is needed under a changing climate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer level and crop rotation diversity on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N stocks from a 34‐yr study located in eastern Nebraska. Seven crop rotations (three continuous cropping systems; two 2‐yr crop rotations; and two 4‐yr crop rotations) and three N levels were compared. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 150 cm. Differences in SOC stocks were largely confined to the 0‐ to 7.5‐cm depth, with greater SOC (P = .0002) in rotations than continuous cropping systems and greater SOC (P = .0004) in 4‐yr vs. 2‐yr rotations. Total soil N was greater with increased crop rotation diversity for the 0‐ to 30‐cm soil profile. Greater SOC levels occurred with N fertilization for the 0‐ to 7.5‐cm depth. At the 0‐ to 150‐cm soil depth, SOC stocks were similar between N levels and greater for the 4‐yr vs. 2‐yr crop rotations (P = .0492). Trends in total N stocks were similar to those of SOC stocks. Overall, crop rotation had a larger effect on SOC and N stocks than N fertilizer.
Porous‐fiber module increases infiltration and reduces runoff
Authors: Lv Zhenyu , Qin Tianling , Liu Shanshan , Nie Hanjiang , Liu Fang , Wang Jianwei
Published: June 2020

The porous‐fiber module (PFM) is an advanced product used for rainfall regulation and storage. Most studies focus on the characteristics of its constituent material while ignoring the impacts of PFM application on infiltration and runoff. In this study, several factors were comprehensively considered in the field control simulated rainfall experiments conducted on bare land, including two types of rainfall intensities, four PFM volumes, and two arrangements of the PFM, to evaluate the impacts. The experiments consisted of measuring soil water content variation, surface runoff of each treatment plot, and the cumulative infiltration obtained by water balance. The results demonstrated that the effect of PFM volume on infiltration and runoff was much greater than that of the PFM arrangement. The addition of PFM could improve the water‐holding capacity of soil; this effect initially strengthened and subsequently weakened with the increase in the PFM volume. The PFM embedding increased the cumulative infiltration of the experimental plots by 5.1–79.2%, delayed the runoff start time by 0–20 min, weakened the peak by 13.6–51.1%, and reduced the runoff‐yielding amount by 11.23–62.53%, compared with those of the control plot. These effects were enhanced as PFM volume increased. An empirical formula, presented as the theoretical influence of PFM volume on the product of the cumulative infiltration multiplied by the Philip model derived by the control plot, was further established for simulating the infiltration process with various PFM volumes.
Free Radical Chemistry of Phosphasilenes
Authors: Samedov Kerim , Heider Yannic , Cai Yuanjing , Willmes Philipp , Mühlhausen Daniel , Huch Volker , West Robert , Scheschkewitz David , Percival Paul W.
Published: June 2020

Understanding the characteristics of radicals formed from silicon‐containing heavy analogues of alkenes is of great importance for their application in radical polymerization. Steric and electronic substituent effects in compounds such as phosphasilenes not only stabilize the Si=P double bond, but also influence the structure and species of the formed radicals. Herein we report our first investigations of radicals derived from phosphasilenes with Mes, Tip, Dur, and NMe2 substituents on the P atom, using muon spin spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Adding muonium (a light isotope of hydrogen) to phosphasilenes reveals that: a) the electron‐donor NMe2 and the bulkiest Tip‐substituted phosphasilenes form several muoniated radicals with different rotamer conformations; b) bulky Dur‐substituted phosphasilene forms two radicals (Si‐ and P‐centred); and c) Mes‐substituted phosphasilene mainly forms one species of radical, at the P centre. These significant differences result from intramolecular substituent effects.
30 Years of Safe Genetic Engineering in Germany
Authors: Lütz Stephan , Liese Andreas
Published: June 2020

The rapid development of new techniques for genome editing is a good reason to summarize the current state of the debate. In a joint statement, the National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the German Research Foundation, and the Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities present proposals to regulate the use of genome‐editing methods.
Efficient catalytic degradation of single and binary azo dyes by a novel triple nanocomposite of Mn3O4/Ag/SiO2
Authors: Bakr Eman A. , El‐Attar Heba G. , Salem Mohamed A.
Published: June 2020

The strategy of structurally integrating noble metal and metal oxides is expected to offer exceptional opportunities toward emerging functions of all. We report the creation of an efficient hetero‐structured nanocatalyst consisting of Mn3O4 core, SiO2 shell impregnated with noble Ag nanoparticles. The triple nanocatalyst Mn3O4/Ag/SiO2 was synthesized by using a facile three‐step approach to disperse Ag nanoparticles between the surfaces of functionalized Mn3O4 and SiO2. The physicochemical structural characterization was performed by XRD and FTIR. The surface morphologies were observed by SEM and TEM. The EDX measurements confirmed the composition of the composite. The nanocomposite has been used as a catalyst for the degradation of Direct blue 78 in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). It has a drastic catalytic effect as compared to Mn3O4/Ag and Mn3O4. The rate constant of Direct blue 78 reduction followed the order: Mn3O4/Ag/SiO2 (0.25166 min−1) > Mn3O4/Ag (0.07971 min−1) > Mn3O4 (0.00947 min−1). The effects of different reaction conditions of the catalytic reaction have been determined. The catalytic activity of the as‐ synthesized nanocomposite was examined for the binary dyes system by incorporation of an additional dye (Sunset yellow). Its influence on the degradation rate and efficiency of Direct blue 78 was investigated. The nanocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity towards the complete degradation of both the Direct blue 78 and Sunset yellow. The degradation percentage for these dyes reached 99.33 and 94.68%, respectively. The recovery and reusability of the Mn3O4/Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite was studied in the reduction reaction of Direct blue 78. Five consecutive recovery reaction cycles were performed. They revealed high stability and constant efficiency of the catalyst for four cycles.
Synthesis of novel N‐aryl‐N‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)benzenesulfonamides in water
Authors: Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud , Motahharifar Narjes
Published: June 2020

N‐Aryl‐N‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)benzenesulfonamides were synthesized via an eco‐friendly protocol using ZnBr2‐catalyzed [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of N‐cyano‐N‐arylbenzenesulfonamides and sodium azide under reflux conditions in water. The products were obtained in excellent yields via an easy work‐up procedure.
Fabrication of microfluidic chips using controlled dissolution of3Dprinted scaffolds
Authors: Alkayyali Tartela , Ahmadi Ali
Published: June 2020

Microfluidic chips are commonly fabricated using soft lithography, which often requires a clean room and micropatterning equipment. Recently, microfluidic chips are increasingly fabricated using 3D printing, but this technology is still limited in smallest channel printability, transparency, supports residue, and biocompatibility. In this work, a simple, fast, and inexpensive step is introduced to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips using enhanced internal scaffold removal (eISR). It is found that final channel dimension decreases by 0.22 ± 0.02 μm/revolution with a 7% error using eISR. Surface topology is inspected after dissolution using scanning electron microscopy. A T‐junction device, bifurcation channels, and curved channels are fabricated to demonstrate the usability of eISR in multiple applications. Compared to previous methods, eISR provides acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene dissolution before PDMS casting to achieve thinner and smoother channels produced using a commercial 3D printer.
Gravitational potential formulae between two bodies with finite dimensions
Authors: Ansari Abdullah A. , Abouelmagd Elbaz I.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze and shed light on the potential relations between two bodies of finite dimensions and different shapes. After explaining the properties of different shaped bodies, we analyze the gravitational potential between an irregular body and a point mass, followed by the potential relation between two irregular bodies with discussion of its different properties. We also explore the potential relation between two solid cylinders, which can be degraded to 16 potential relations; one of these relations is the potential relation between two finite straight segments. With a new development for the potential relation, we evaluate the gravitational potential between a heterogeneous irregular body and a point mass followed by the potential between two heterogeneous irregular bodies with N−layers, which also can be reduced to the potential between two oblate or prolate heterogeneous bodies. We demonstrate that this relation can be degraded to many potential relations between two bodies, because it depends on the moments of inertia of the body's shape. Finally, we emphasize that this relation is considered a golden relation, which can be developed to generate the potential relation between different shaped bodies, either natural celestial bodies or between celestial and artificial bodies.
DNAMethylation Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a South African Autism Spectrum Disorder Cohort
Authors: Stathopoulos Sofia , Gaujoux Renaud , Lindeque Zander , Mahony Caitlyn , Van Der Colff Rachelle , Van Der Westhuizen Francois , O'Ryan Colleen
Published: June 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity and a complex genetic architecture which includes distinctive epigenetic patterns. We report differential DNA methylation patterns associated with ASD in South African children. An exploratory whole‐epigenome methylation screen using the Illumina 450 K MethylationArray identified differentially methylated CpG sites between ASD and controls that mapped to 898 genes (P≤ 0.05) which were enriched for nine canonical pathways converging on mitochondrial metabolism and protein ubiquitination. Targeted Next Generation Bisulfite Sequencing of 27 genes confirmed differential methylation between ASD and control in our cohort. DNA pyrosequencing of two of these genes, the mitochondrial enzyme Propionyl‐CoA Carboxylase subunit Beta (PCCB) and Protocadherin Alpha 12 (PCDHA12), revealed a wide range of methylation levels (9–49% and 0–54%, respectively) in both ASD and controls. Three CpG loci were differentially methylated inPCCB(P≤ 0.05), whilePCDHA12, previously linked to ASD, had two significantly different CpG sites (P≤ 0.001) between ASD and control. Differentially methylated CpGs were hypomethylated in ASD. Metabolomic analysis of urinary organic acids revealed that three metabolites, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaric acid (P= 0.008), 3‐methyglutaconic acid (P= 0.018), and ethylmalonic acid (P= 0.043) were significantly elevated in individuals with ASD. These metabolites are directly linked to mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders, with a putative link toPCCB, consistent with impaired mitochondrial function. Our data support an association between DNA methylation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology of ASD.Autism Res2020, 13: 1079‐1093. © 2020 The Authors.Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Researchpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Epigenetic changes are chemical modifications of DNA which can change gene function. DNA methylation, a type of epigenetic modification, is linked to autism. We examined DNA methylation in South African children with autism and identified mitochondrial genes associated with autism. Mitochondria are power‐suppliers in cells and mitochondrial genes are essential to metabolism and energy production, which are important for brain cells during development. Our findings suggest that some individuals with ASD also have mitochondrial dysfunction.
Specialized RSC: Substrate Specificities for a Conserved Chromatin Remodeler
Authors: Hainer Sarah J. , Kaplan Craig D.
Published: June 2020

The remodel the structure of chromatin (RSC) nucleosome remodeling complex is a conserved chromatin regulator with roles in chromatin organization, especially over nucleosome depleted regions therefore functioning in gene expression. Recent reports in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified specificities in RSC activity toward certain types of nucleosomes. RSC has now been shown to preferentially evict nucleosomes containing the histone variant H2A.Z in vitro. Furthermore, biochemical activities of distinct RSC complexes has been found to differ when their nucleosome substrate is partially unraveled. Mammalian BAF complexes, the homologs of yeast RSC and SWI/SNF complexes, are also linked to nucleosomes with H2A.Z, but this relationship may be complex and extent of conservation remains to be determined. The interplay of remodelers with specific nucleosome substrates and regulation of remodeler outcomes by nucleosome composition are tantalizing questions given the wave of structural data emerging for RSC and other SWI/SNF family remodelers.
Development of a highly sensitive microplate luminometer using ATP bioluminescence
Authors: Kawabe Shunsuke , Uchiho Yuichi
Published: June 2020

Analytical techniques using ATP bioluminescence, which has a high quantum yield and substrate specificity, are widely used in various assays, such as luciferase reporter assays, in the biological sciences. Although most microplate luminometers can be used to measure ATP luminescence with 96‐well or 384‐well microplates, their ATP detection limits are typically several tens of amol, which is not sufficient for evaluating cell activities and variability within small samples, such as those containing only a few cells. To analyze cell activities at low ATP concentrations, a more sensitive microplate luminometer is required. Therefore, in this study, we developed an automated highly sensitive microplate luminometer that could perform reagent dispensing and bioluminescence measurement with a 96‐well microplate within 10 min. ATP bioluminescence was detected by pressing a photomultiplier tube (PMT) against a microplate surface to seal the measured well with the light‐receiving surface of the PMT. This enabled a high light collection efficiency and low luminescence crosstalk, defined as the intensity of stray light from an adjacent well. As a result, the ATP detection limit was 0.97 amol, and the luminescence crosstalk was 4.4 × 10−6. Both values were one order of magnitude better than that of a typical microplate luminometer. In addition, the same gradient linearity of luminescence intensity against the ATP concentration was confirmed for both high and low ATP concentrations, and the dynamic range of our microplate luminometer was 106. Overall, our findings demonstrated that our novel microplate luminometer may have wide application in biological sciences research.
Axillary nodal metastatic burden in patients with breast cancer with clinically positive axillary nodes
Authors: Niinikoski L , Hukkinen K , Leidenius M H K , Heikkilä P , Mattson J , Meretoja T J
Published: June 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to determine preoperative factors and tumour characteristics related to a high nodal tumour burden in patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer. These findings were used to construct a predictive tool to evaluate the patient-specific risk of having more than two axillary lymph node metastases.

Methods

Altogether, 507 consecutive patients with breast cancer and axillary lymph node metastasis diagnosed by preoperative ultrasound-guided needle biopsy were reviewed. These patients underwent breast surgery and axillary lymph node dissection at Helsinki University Hospital between 2010 and 2014. Patients were grouped into those with one or two, and those with more than two lymph node metastases.

Results

There were 153 patients (30·2 per cent) with one or two lymph node metastases and 354 (69·8 per cent) with more than two metastases. Five-year disease-free survival was poorer for the latter group (P = 0·032). Five-year overall survival estimates for patients with one or two and those with more than two lymph node metastases were 87·0 and 81·4 per cent respectively (P = 0·215). In multivariable analysis, factors significantly associated with more than two lymph node metastases were: age, tumour size, lymphovascular invasion in the primary tumour, extracapsular extension of metastasis in lymph nodes, and morphology of lymph nodes. These factors were included in a multivariable predictive model, which had an area under the curve of 0·828 (95 per cent c.i. 0·787 to 0·869).

Conclusion

The present study provides a patient-specific prediction model for evaluating nodal tumour burden in patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer.
Laparoscopic sentinel node navigation surgery versus laparoscopic gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for early gastric cancer: short-term outcomes of a multicentre randomized controlled trial (SENORITA)
Authors: An J Y , Min J-S , Hur H , Lee Y J , Cho G S , Park Y-K , Jung M R , Park J-H , Hyung W J , Jeong S-H , Kim Y-W , Yoon H M , Eom B W , Kook M-C , Han M R , Nam B-H , Ryu K W
Published: June 2020

Background

Sentinel node navigation surgery reduces the extent of gastric and lymph node dissection, and may improve quality of life. The benefit and harm of laparoscopic sentinel node navigation surgery (LSNNS) for early gastric cancer is unknown. The SENORITA (SEntinel Node ORIented Tailored Approach) trial investigated the pathological and surgical outcomes of LSNNS compared with laparoscopic standard gastrectomy (LSG) with lymph node dissection.

Methods

The SENORITA trial was an investigator-initiated, open-label, parallel-assigned, non-inferiority, multicentre RCT conducted in Korea. The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival. The secondary endpoints, morbidity and mortality within 30 days of surgery, are reported in the present study.

Results

A total of 580 patients were randomized to LSG (292) or LSNNS (288). Surgery was undertaken in 527 patients (LSG 269, LSNNS 258). LSNNS could be performed according to the protocol in 245 of 258 patients, and a sentinel node basin was detected in 237 (96·7 per cent) Stomach-preserving surgery was carried out in 210 of 258 patients (81·4 per cent). Postoperative complications occurred in 51 patients in the LSG group (19·0 per cent) and 40 (15·5 per cent) in the LSNNS group (P = 0·294). Complications with a Clavien–Dindo grade of III or higher occurred in 16 (5·9 per cent) and 13 (5·0 per cent) patients in the LSG and LSNNS groups respectively (P = 0·647).

Conclusion

The rate and severity of complications following LSNNS for early gastric cancer are comparable to those after LSG with lymph node dissection. Registration number: NCT01804998 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Short‐ And medium‐term outcomes of reduced‐port laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with upper rectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Huawen , Zheng Zhijian , Xu Lewei , Wu Yingying , Guan Ziyi , Li Wenhuan , Chen Guofu
Published: June 2020

Background

To investigate the short‐ and medium‐term outcomes of using a reduced‐port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS), compared to multi‐port laparoscopic surgery (MPLS), for the treatment of upper rectal cancer (URC) among elderly patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical and follow‐up data of 181 elderly patients with URC, who underwent radical laparoscopic surgery at our hospital, between January 2015 and January 2019. Among these 181 cases, 62 underwent RPLS and 119 MPLS.

Results

Compared to MPLS, RPLS decreased the length of surgical incision, lower pain on postoperative days 1 and 2, decreased the time to first flatus after surgery, as well as the time to mobilization after surgery. There was no difference between the short‐term outcomes between the two laparoscopic approaches, and no difference in the 3‐year disease‐free and overall survival rate.

Conclusion

Compared to MPLS, RPLS provides several advantages for the treatment of URC among elderly individuals, including a shorter length of surgical incision, reduced postoperative pain, shorter time to first flatus after surgery, earlier mobilization, and better cosmetic outcomes. These advantages are achieved with no difference in the length of surgery, nor in the 3‐year disease‐free and overall survival rate, compared to MPLS.
Comprehensive analysis of RNA binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Salomonsson Annette , Micke Patrick , Mattsson Johanna S. M. , La Fleur Linnea , Isaksson Johan , Jönsson Mats , Nodin Björn , Botling Johan , Uhlén Mathias , Jirström Karin , Staaf Johan , Planck Maria , Brunnström Hans
Published: June 2020

Aims

High expression of the RNA‐binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) correlates with improved prognosis in several major types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the prognostic value of RBM3 protein and mRNA expression in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods and results

Immunohistochemical expression of RBM3 was evaluated in surgically treated NSCLC from two independent patient populations (n = 213 and n = 306). Staining patterns were correlated with clinicopathological parameters, overall survival (OS), and recurrence‐free interval (RFI). Cases with high nuclear RBM3 protein expression had a prolonged 5‐year OS in both cohorts when analyzing adenocarcinomas separately (P = .02 and P = .01). RBM3 remained an independent prognostic factor for OS in multivariable analysis of cohort I (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21‐0.90) and for RFI in cohort II (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.22‐0.74). In squamous cell carcinoma, there was instead an insignificant association to poor prognosis. Also, the expression levels of RBM3 mRNA were investigated in 2087 lung adenocarcinomas and 899 squamous cell carcinomas assembled from 13 and 8 public gene expression microarray datasets, respectively. The RBM3 mRNA levels were not clearly associated with patient outcome in either adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas.

Conclusions

The results from this study support that high protein expression of RBM3 is linked to improved outcome in lung adenocarcinoma.
Measuring Electrochemical Surface Area of Nanomaterials versus the Randles−Ševčík Equation
Authors: Paixão Thiago R. L. C.
Published: June 2020

This Viewpoint article is to call the attention of the nanomaterials community to a standard error when using the Randles−Ševčík equation to calculate the electrode surface area, as this error is continuously reported in the literature and the idea is to complete the conversation about the critical discussion based on the duality of electrocatalytic performance of nanomaterials and surface area in order to understand the electrocatalytic effect of these materials and not to simply attribute the current enhancement on the basis of an increase in surface area.
Design and construction of a three‐dimensional electrode with biomass‐derived carbon current collector and water‐soluble binder for high‐sulfur‐loading lithium‐sulfur batteries
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Gong Zhe , Ye Ke , Kumar Vipin , Zhu Kai , Sha Linna , Yan Jun , Yin Jinling , Cheng Kui , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue
Published: June 2020

Lithium‐sulfur batteries attract lots of attention due to their high specific capacity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the low sulfur utilization and short cycle life extremely hinder their application. Herein, we design and fabricate a three‐dimensional electrode by a simple filtration method to achieve a high‐sulfur loading. Biomass porous carbon is employed as a current collector, which not only enhances the electronic transport but also effectively limits the volume expansion of the active material. Meanwhile, an optimized carboxymethyl cellulose binder is chosen. The chemical bonding restricts the shuttle effect, leading to improved electrochemical performance. Under the ultrahigh sulfur load of 28 mg/cm2, the high capacity of 18 mAh/cm2 is still maintained, and stable cycling performance is obtained. This study demonstrates a viable strategy to develop promising lithium‐sulfur batteries with a three‐dimensional electrode, which promotes sulfur loading and electrochemical performance.
Triphenylphosphine‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks and Heterogeneous Rh‐P‐COFs Catalysts
Authors: Liu Yubing , Dikhtiarenko Alla , Xu Naizhang , Sun Jiawei , Tang Jie , Wang Kaiqiang , Xu Bolian , Tong Qing , Heeres Hero Jan , He Songbo , Gascon Jorge , Fan Yining
Published: June 2020

The synthesis of phosphine‐based functional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has attracted great attention recently. Herein, we present two examples of triphenylphosphine‐based COFs (termed P‐COFs) with well‐defined crystalline structures, high specific surface areas, and good thermal stability. Furthermore, rhodium catalysts with these P‐COFs as support material show high turnover frequency for the hydroformylation of olefins, as well as excellent recycling performance. This work not only extends the phosphine‐based COF family, but also demonstrates their application in immobilizing homogeneous metal‐based (e.g., Rh‐phosphine) catalysts for application in heterogeneous catalysis.
Bioorthogonal Phosphorogenic Rhenium(I) Polypyridine Sydnone Complexes for Specific Lysosome Labeling
Authors: Shum Justin , Zhang Pei‐Zhi , Lee Lawrence Cho‐Cheung , Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing
Published: June 2020

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Kenneth Kam‐Wing Lo at City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China. The cover picture shows the selective landing of a bioorthogonal spacecraft on a lysosomal planet modified with a strained cyclooctyne moiety in an intracellular environment with other organelles and a plethora of biomolecules. A sydnone moiety is appended to a luminescent rhenium(I) diimine unit as both an emission quencher and a bioorthogonal handle. Selective strain‐promoted sydnone–alkyne cycloaddition (SPSAC) of the complex with a strained alkyne leads to impressive emission turn‐on, which can be exploited in bioimaging and phototherapeutic applications. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.202000029.
Applied Clinical Pharmacology in a Crisis: Interleukin‐6 Axis Blockade and COVID‐19
Authors: Strohbehn Garth W. , Reid Pankti D. , Ratain Mark J.
Published: June 2020

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) represents an emergent threat to the public health. Mitigation strategies have been employed to varying effect in many Western nations. Treatment strategies to effectively address COVID‐19 and equitably distribute resources are needed, especially in overwhelmed hospitals.