bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adeno‐associated virus gene transfer in Morquio A disease – effect of promoters and sulfatase‐modifying factor 1
Authors: Alméciga‐Díaz Carlos J. , Montaño Adriana M. , Tomatsu Shunji , Barrera Luis A.
Published: July 2010

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IVA is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme N‐acetylgalatosamine‐6‐sulfate sulfatase (GALNS), which leads to the accumulation of keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6‐sulfate, mainly in bone. To explore the possibility of gene therapy for Morquio A disease, we transduced the GALNS gene into HEK293 cells, human MPS IVA fibroblasts and murine MPS IVA chondrocytes by using adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐based vectors, which carry human GALNS cDNA. The effects of the promoter and the cotransduction with the sulfatase‐modifying factor 1 gene (SUMF1) on GALNS activity levels was evaluated. Downregulation of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early enhancer/promoter was not observed for 10 days post‐transduction. The eukaryotic promoters induced equal or higher levels of GALNS activity than those induced by the CMV promoter in HEK293 cells. Transduction of human MPS IVA fibroblasts induced GALNS activity levels that were 15–54% of those of normal human fibroblasts, whereas in transduced murine MPS IVA chondrocytes, the enzyme activities increased up to 70% of normal levels. Cotransduction with SUMF1 vector yielded an additional four‐fold increase in enzyme activity, although the level of elevation depended on the transduced cell type. These findings suggest the potential application of AAV vectors for the treatment of Morquio A disease, depending on the combined choice of transduced cell type, selection of promoter, and cotransduction of SUMF1.
Gender, Markets, and the Expansion of Women's Education at the University of Pennsylvania, 1913–1940
Authors: Manekin Sarah
Published: July 2010

In the fall of 2001, with posters, tote bags, speakers, and balloons, the University of Pennsylvania launched its celebration of “125 Years of Women at Penn.” Exhibits illustrating the experiences of women students appeared around campus and on the Web, while banners trumpeting the contributions of Penn women waved from lightposts. On the first weekend in November, the University dedicated a four-foot seal marking the “Women's Walkway” in the center of campus and praised the tens of thousands of women who helped shape the University into what it is today. The festive anniversary, more than two years in the making, celebrated, in the words of University Trustee Judith Berkowitz, “the foresight of a great university to take in women when others did not.” The legacy of women at Penn was important to remember, Berkowitz added, because “it's very empowering to know your history.”
At a watershed? Technical developments in wireless capsule endoscopy
Authors: SWAIN Paul
Published: July 2010

This article reviews some of the technical developments that allowed the introduction of the wireless capsule 10 years ago into human usage. Technical advances and commercial competition have substantially improved the performance of clinical capsule endoscopy, especially in optical quality. Optical issues including the airless environment, depth of focus, dome reflection, the development of white light light‐emitting diodes, exposure length and the advent of adaptive illumination are discussed. The competition between charge coupled devices and complementary metal oxide silicone technologies for imaging, lens improvements and the requirements for different frame rates and their associated power management strategies and battery type choices and the introduction of field enhancement methods into commercial capsule technology are considered. Capsule technology stands at a watershed. It is mainly confined to diagnostic small intestinal imaging. It might overtake other forms of conventional diagnostic endoscopy, especially colonoscopy but also gastroscopy and esophagoscopy but has to improve both technically and compete in price. It might break out of its optical diagnostic confinement and become a therapeutic modality. To make this leap there have to be several technical advances especially in biopsy, command, micromechanical internal movements, remote controlled manipulation and changes in power management, which may include external power transmission.
THE RELATIVISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF BASIS EXPANSION METHOD WITH COMPLEX SCALING FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF BOUND AND RESONANT STATES
Authors: GUO JIAN-YOU , WANG JING , YAO BAO-MEI , JIAO PENG
Published: July 2010

The basis expansion method is adopted to solve the relativistic Dirac equation by expanding the Dirac spinors in the complete set consisting of the oscillator functions and the Laguerre polynomials. In combination with the complex scaling method, the theoretical formalism of describing the discrete bound and resonant states is expressed on the same footing. The efficiency is checked and the results are compared in the two calculations for several special examples.
Mechanisms of Sound Localization in Mammals
Authors: Grothe Benedikt , Pecka Michael , McAlpine David
Published: July 2010

The ability to determine the location of a sound source is fundamental to hearing. However, auditory space is not represented in any systematic manner on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, the sensory surface of the receptor organ for hearing. Understanding the means by which sensitivity to spatial cues is computed in central neurons can therefore contribute to our understanding of the basic nature of complex neural representations. We review recent evidence concerning the nature of the neural representation of auditory space in the mammalian brain and elaborate on recent advances in the understanding of mammalian subcortical processing of auditory spatial cues that challenge the “textbook” version of sound localization, in particular brain mechanisms contributing to binaural hearing.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is a Promising Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary
Authors: Mabuchi Seiji , Kawase Chiaki , Altomare Deborah A. , Morishige Kenichirou , Hayashi Masami , Sawada Kenjiro , Ito Kimihiko , Terai Yoshito , Nishio Yukihiro , Klein-Szanto Andres J. , Burger Robert A. , Ohmichi Masahide , Testa Joseph R. , Kimura Tadashi
Published: July 2010

This study examines the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a therapeutic target in clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary, which has been regarded as a chemoresistant histologic subtype. Immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarrays of 98 primary ovarian cancers revealed that VEGF was strongly expressed both in early-stage and advanced-stage CCC of the ovary. In early-stage CCCs, patients who had tumors with high levels of VEGF had significantly shorter survival than those with low levels of VEGF. In vitro experiments revealed that VEGF expression was significantly higher in cisplatin-refractory human CCC cells (RMG1-CR and KOC7C-CR), compared with the respective parental cells (RMG1 and KOC7C) in the presence of cisplatin. In vivo treatment with bevacizumab markedly inhibited the growth of both parental CCC cell–derived (RMG1 and KOC7C) and cisplatin-refractory CCC cell–derived (RMG1-CR and KOC7C-CR) tumors as a result of inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. The results of the current study indicate that VEGF is frequently expressed and can be a promising therapeutic target in the management of CCC. Bevacizumab may be efficacious not only as a first-line treatment but also as a second-line treatment of recurrent disease in patients previously treated with cisplatin. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(8); 2411–22. ©2010 AACR.
Dinaciclib (SCH 727965), a Novel and Potent Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Parry David , Guzi Timothy , Shanahan Frances , Davis Nicole , Prabhavalkar Deepa , Wiswell Derek , Seghezzi Wolfgang , Paruch Kamil , Dwyer Michael P. , Doll Ronald , Nomeir Amin , Windsor William , Fischmann Thierry , Wang Yaolin , Oft Martin , Chen Taiying , Kirschmeier Paul , Lees Emma M.
Published: July 2010

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) are key positive regulators of cell cycle progression and attractive targets in oncology. SCH 727965 inhibits CDK2, CDK5, CDK1, and CDK9 activity in vitro with IC50 values of 1, 1, 3, and 4 nmol/L, respectively. SCH 727965 was selected as a clinical candidate using a functional screen in vivo that integrated both efficacy and safety parameters. Compared with flavopiridol, SCH 727965 exhibits superior activity with an improved therapeutic index. In cell-based assays, SCH 727965 completely suppressed retinoblastoma phosphorylation, which correlated with apoptosis onset and total inhibition of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in >100 tumor cell lines of diverse origin and background. Moreover, short exposures to SCH 727965 were sufficient for long-lasting cellular effects. SCH 727965 induced regression of established solid tumors in a range of mouse models following intermittent scheduling of doses below the maximally tolerated level. This was associated with modulation of pharmacodynamic biomarkers in skin punch biopsies and rapidly reversible, mechanism-based effects on hematologic parameters. These results suggest that SCH 727965 is a potent and selective CDK inhibitor and a novel cytotoxic agent. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(8); 2344–53. ©2010 AACR.
Direct Demonstration of Staphylococcus Biofilm in an External Ventricular Drain in a Patient with a History of Recurrent Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Failure
Authors: Stoodley Paul , Braxton, Jr. Ernest E. , Nistico Laura , Hall-Stoodley Luanne , Johnson Sandra , Quigley Matthew , Post J. Christopher , Ehrlich Garth D. , Kathju Sandeep
Published: July 2010

External ventricular drains (EVD) are associated with a high infection rate. Early detection of infection is frequently problematic due to a lack of clinical signs and the time period required for culturing. Bacterial biofilms have been suggested to play an important role in the infection of EVD, but direct evidence is as yet lacking. We report the case of a 17- year-old male with Dandy-Walker malformation who presented with headache, nausea and drowsiness; a CT scan revealed enlarged ventricles. The patient had a history of ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision 3 weeks prior to admission. The shunt was removed on suspicion of infection and an EVD placed. Daily surveillance cultures through the EVD were negative and the EVD was replaced on day 5. Examination of the initial EVD by confocal microscopy demonstrated clear intraluminal biofilm formation; molecular analysis by PCR identified Staphylococcus aureus resident on the catheter. To our knowledge, this is the first direct demonstration of an intraluminal biofilm compromising an EVD. Despite the presence of biofilm on this catheter, the patient demonstrated no clinical signs of infection, and the routine surveillance culture was negative. Undetected biofilm may pose a latent risk on EVD and other neurosurgical catheters.
Implicit Processing of Phonotactic Cues: Evidence from Electrophysiological and Vascular Responses
Authors: Rossi Sonja , Jürgenson Ina B. , Hanulíková Adriana , Telkemeyer Silke , Wartenburger Isabell , Obrig Hellmuth
Published: July 2010

Spoken word recognition is achieved via competition between activated lexical candidates that match the incoming speech input. The competition is modulated by prelexical cues that are important for segmenting the auditory speech stream into linguistic units. One such prelexical cue that listeners rely on in spoken word recognition is phonotactics. Phonotactics defines possible combinations of phonemes within syllables or words in a given language. The present study aimed at investigating both temporal and topographical aspects of the neuronal correlates of phonotactic processing by simultaneously applying ERPs and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Pseudowords, either phonotactically legal or illegal with respect to the participants' native language, were acoustically presented to passively listening adult native German speakers. ERPs showed a larger N400 effect for phonotactically legal compared to illegal pseudowords, suggesting stronger lexical activation mechanisms in phonotactically legal material. fNIRS revealed a left hemispheric network including fronto-temporal regions with greater response to phonotactically legal pseudowords than to illegal pseudowords. This confirms earlier hypotheses on a left hemispheric dominance of phonotactic processing most likely due to the fact that phonotactics is related to phonological processing and represents a segmental feature of language comprehension. These segmental linguistic properties of a stimulus are predominantly processed in the left hemisphere. Thus, our study provides first insights into temporal and topographical characteristics of phonotactic processing mechanisms in a passive listening task. Differential brain responses between known and unknown phonotactic rules thus supply evidence for an implicit use of phonotactic cues to guide lexical activation mechanisms.
Saccade Reaction Times Are Influenced by Caudate Microstimulation Following and Prior to Visual Stimulus Appearance
Authors: Watanabe Masayuki , Munoz Douglas P.
Published: July 2010

Several cognitive models suggest that saccade RTs are controlled flexibly not only by mechanisms that accumulate sensory evidence after the appearance of a sensory stimulus (poststimulus mechanisms) but also by mechanisms that preset the saccade control system before the sensory event (prestimulus mechanisms). Consistent with model predictions, neurons in structures tightly related to saccade initiation, such as the superior colliculus and FEF, have poststimulus and prestimulus activities correlated with RTs. It has been hypothesized that the BG influence the saccade initiation process by controlling both poststimulus and prestimulus activities of superior colliculus and FEF neurons. To examine this hypothesis directly, we delivered electrical microstimulation to the caudate nucleus, the input stage of the oculomotor BG, while monkeys performed a prosaccade (look toward a visual stimulus) and antisaccade (look away from the stimulus) paradigm. Microstimulation applied after stimulus appearance (poststimulus microstimulation) prolonged RTs regardless of saccade directions (contra/ipsi) or task instructions (pro/anti). In contrast, microstimulation applied before stimulus appearance (prestimulus microstimulation) shortened RTs, although the effects were limited to several task conditions. The analysis of RT distributions using the linear approach to threshold with ergodic rate model revealed that poststimulus microstimulation prolonged RTs by reducing the rate of rise to the threshold for saccade initiation, whereas fitting results for prestimulus microstimulation were inconsistent across different task conditions. We conclude that both poststimulus and prestimulus activities of caudate neurons are sufficient to control saccade RTs.
Processing of emotional words measured simultaneously with steady-state visually evoked potentials and near-infrared diffusing-wave spectroscopy
Authors: Koban Leonie , Ninck Markus , Li Jun , Gisler Thomas , Kissler Johanna
Published: July 2010

Background

Emotional stimuli are preferentially processed compared to neutral ones. Measuring the magnetic resonance blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response or EEG event-related potentials, this has also been demonstrated for emotional versus neutral words. However, it is currently unclear whether emotion effects in word processing can also be detected with other measures such as EEG steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) or optical brain imaging techniques. In the present study, we simultaneously performed SSVEP measurements and near-infrared diffusing-wave spectroscopy (DWS), a new optical technique for the non-invasive measurement of brain function, to measure brain responses to neutral, pleasant, and unpleasant nouns flickering at a frequency of 7.5 Hz.

Results

The power of the SSVEP signal was significantly modulated by the words' emotional content at occipital electrodes, showing reduced SSVEP power during stimulation with pleasant compared to neutral nouns. By contrast, the DWS signal measured over the visual cortex showed significant differences between stimulation with flickering words and baseline periods, but no modulation in response to the words' emotional significance.

Conclusions

This study is the first investigation of brain responses to emotional words using simultaneous measurements of SSVEPs and DWS. Emotional modulation of word processing was detected with EEG SSVEPs, but not by DWS. SSVEP power for emotional, specifically pleasant, compared to neutral words was reduced, which contrasts with previous results obtained when presenting emotional pictures. This appears to reflect processing differences between symbolic and pictorial emotional stimuli. While pictures prompt sustained perceptual processing, decoding the significance of emotional words requires more internal associative processing. Reasons for an absence of emotion effects in the DWS signal are discussed.
The two-step phase transition of titanite, CaTiSiO5: a synchrotron radiation study
Authors: Kek S. , Aroyo M. , Bismayer U. , Schmidt C. , Eichhorn K. , Krane H. G.
Published: July 2010

In this study it is shown that the antiferrodistortive phase transition in titanite, CaTiSiO

In order to study the stepwise structural changes synchrotron radiation was used to collect X-ray diffraction data at 100 K, 295 K and 530 K on the 4-circle diffractometer at HASYLAB using a wavelength of 0.560(1) Å. A total of 2292 reflections were recorded at 100 K, 1540 at 295 K and 1442 at 530 K and reduced to 705 (100 K), 707 (295 K) and 358 (530 K) unique observations respectively (sin
Avaliação das diretrizes curriculares conforme a perspectiva biopsicossocial da organização mundial de saúde
Authors: Andrade Peterson Marco de Oliveira
Published: July 2010

As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) envolvem as competências que cada curso deve desenvolver durante a formação dos acadêmicos. Porém, não há uma ferramenta para avaliar sistematicamente a atuação dos futuros egressos. Objetivo: Desenvolver uma checklist de avaliação dos estagiários de fisioterapia. Métodos: As regras de linking foram utilizadas para relacionar o conteúdo das DCN com a CIF. Em seguida foi definido um consenso entre os pesquisadores para a checklist de avaliação. Resultados: Foram selecionadas 13 subcategorias dos capítulos de atividade e participação relacionados com a aprendizagem e aplicação do conhecimento, tarefas e demandas gerais, comunicação, relações interpessoais e vida comunitária, social e cívica. Considerações Finais: O resultado do linking oferece uma fundamentação para avaliação conforme as exigências do MEC e a abordagem biopsicossocial preconizada pela OMS. Estudos são necessários para validar o instrumento desenvolvido e verificar a sua aplicabilidade e viabilidade em diferentes áreas da saúde e em diferentes populações.
Seedling Competition in Compounding Forage Seed Mixtures1
Authors: Blaser R. E. , Griffeth W. L. , Taylor T. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Virginia studies show that seed ratio in mixtures of species should differ with spring and summer seedings. Summer alfalfa seedlings developed faster than spring, but stands were similar. Spring seeding of red clover had faster growth and better stands than summer. Orchardgrass weights and stands were similar for both dates, but yields were higher from spring than from summer seedings. Red clover suppressed spring alfalfa and orchardgrass seedings.
Variability in Chemical Composition of Seed From Different Portions of the Soybean Plant1
Authors: Collins F. I. , Cartter J. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Oil content of soybeans was found to vary with position of pod on the plant, position of pod on the raceme, and position of the seed in the pod. Seeds from the lower half of plants were 0.5% higher in oil and 1% lower in protein than those from the upper half. Beans near the tip of long terminal racemes had less oil than those farther down. Seed in the tip of the pod had highest oil and lowest protein content. Data indicate need for attention to plant parts when comparing contents between samples.
The Palatability of Coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.) as Influenced by Nitrogen Level and Age1
Authors: Burton Glenn W. , Southwell B. L. , Johnson J. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In this experiment, the palatability of Coastal Bermudagrass was improved substantially by nitrogen fertilization. There was no evidence to indicate that annual rates up to 1,500 pounds of nitrogen per acre decreased the palatability of this grass. Two‐week‐old grass was more palatable than 4‐week‐old grass.
A Comparison of the Rust Reaction of Wheat Varieties Gabo, Timstein, and Lee1
Authors: Watson I. A. , Stewart Donald M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Gabo, Timstein, and Lee behave alike in their stem and leaf rust reactions in Australia and to selected cultures of stem rust from the United States. Greenhouse and field tests indicate that Lee does not possess either the Hope or T. timopheevi resistance to stem rust or the T. timopheevi resistance to leaf rust. Its seedling resistance to leaf rust apparently was derived from Gaza. It appears that Lee came originally from a cross Hope × (Bobin2 × Gaza).
Seasonal and Yearly Production of Annual Winter Grasses and Grass‐Legume Combinations for Temporary Winter Grazing in Georgia
Authors: Gardner F. P. , Rogers T. Hayden
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Winter annual grasses differed in seasonal and yearly production. Certain grasses initiated peak growth during fall or early winter while others made peak growth during the spring. None of the grasses was highly productive throughout the winter but distribution of forage and total yields were improved by combinations of grasses with dissimilar growth periods. Peak growth and clipping injury were associated with floral initiation and stem elongation. Crimson clover made little contribution to the yield of mixtures until spring. Supplemental nitrogen increased the forage yield over grass‐legume combinations during the fall and winter periods.
Inheritance of Stem Rust Reaction in Tetraploid Wheat Hybrids: I. Allelic Genes in Mindum Durum ✕ Vernal Emmer1
Authors: Smith Glenn S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In the cross, Mindum durum ✕ Vernal emmer, two allelic genes, Srm and Srv, were found to determine seedling resistance to stem rust races, 147 and 17, respectively. Srv also conditioned field resistance to stem rust.
Performance of Variety Blends in Soybeans1
Authors: Probst A. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In general, blends of soybean varieties showed no superiority in yield over the highest yielding variety in any one year or the average of a 4‐year period. There was a marked variety ✕ season interaction on yield and in this respect blending had a stabilizing effect on yield and appears to be of importance in approaching maximum yields each year.

The latest maturing variety in a blend matured earlier than the same variety in pure culture.
A Statistical Study of Several Methods used in Determining the Botanical Composition of a Sward: I. A Study of Established Pastures1
Authors: VanKeuren R. W. , Ahlgren H. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The inclined point quadrat method provided reliable and objective estimates of the botanical composition of pasture swards. Visual estimates had greater variation than the point quadrat methods. Correction factors were developed for species which were over‐estimated or under‐estimated by the inclined point quadrat methods.
The Relationship Between Corn Population and Yield1
Authors: Duncan W. G.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The logarithm of the average yield of individual corn plants making up a population bears a linear relationship to the population. Therefore, only two yield‐population values are needed to estimate yields at any other population within the linear range. Equations are given for estimating maximum yield and maximum‐yield population.
Effect of Inbreeding on Fertility and Vigor of Alfalfa1
Authors: Wilsie C. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Average self‐fertility of 437 alfalfa plants was 0.75 seeds per flower tripped. One generation of selfing has resulted in an average loss of 80 to 90% in self‐fertility and 20 to 30% in vegetative vigor. In a study of 8 clones, loss in vigor was greater from the S1 to S2 generation than from the S0 to S1 generation. The vegetatively‐propagated clone appeared to be the most satisfactory parental base from which to estimate inbreeding depression.
Stubble‐Mulch Tillage Versus Plowing With Nitrogen Fertilization With Regard to Nutrient Uptake by Cereals1
Authors: Winterlin Wray L. , McCalla T. M. , Luebs R. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Stubble‐mulch tillage compared to plowing, with and without nitrogen, on corn, oats and wheat during 2 years on 4 fields at Lincoln, Nebraska, produced plant tissue and grain of similar content of Ca, Mg, P and K. The N content of plant tissue produced by stubble‐mulch tillage tended to be lower than that produced by plowing in most cases; yields also tended to be lower with the former. Nitrogen fertilizer largely overcame this effect.
Response of Alfalfa Varieties to Daylength1
Authors: Coffindaffer B. L. , Burger O. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Growth rate of Vernal alfalfa was reduced most by reducing light period from 16 to 14 hours. Williamsburg contained a higher concentration of calcium and sodium than Vernal or Narragansett. Narragansett was highest in percent nitrogen, which increased in concentration for all varieties with a decrease in light period. Potassium concentration was about the same among the three varieties. Root weights were highest in the plants subjected to the 14‐hour photoperiod.
Development of “Amylomaize”—Corn Hybrids With High Amylose Starch: I. Genetic Considerations1
Authors: Vineyard M. L. , Bear R. P. , MacMasters M. M. , Deatherage W. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Individual endosperm genes which affect the amylose fraction of corn starch were found to vary in effect due to inherent difference of source stocks. Double and triple recessive combinations of these genes have varying effects on amylose content. The ae gene is involved in the higher amylose endosperm combinations although it shows no corresponding effect on the pollen starch.
Principles of Nutrient Uptake From Fertilizer Bands: IV. Accumulation of Water Around the Bands1
Authors: Kolaian J. H. , Ohlrogge A. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The accumulation of water around a fertilizer band in a soil at a moisture content of 7.0% (pF 3.5) is shown to be due largely to water vapor diffusion and condensation, the rate of accumulation being affected by the type of salt, the temperature, and the degree of soil porosity.
The Glandless Leaf Phenotype in Cotton and its Association with Low Gossypol Content in the Seed1
Authors: Rhyne C. L. , Smith Frank H. , Miller P. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The selection for glandless‐leaf plants in segregating generations of an Acala G × Hopi M cross lowered the gossypol content of inbred seed. Homozygous glandlessleaf selections had 0.10 to 0.50% gossypol, an improved oil color, and an improved protein feeding value. The use of the glandless‐leaf index reduces the need for costly gossypol analyses permitting the cotion breeder to emphasize selection for agronomic fitness.
Yield and Composition Response of Wheat to Soluble Phosphate Drilled in the Row1
Authors: Vavra Joseph P. , Bray Roger H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In soils low in available phosphorus, maximum yields of wheat can be produced by applying soluble phosphate in the row at planting. Evaluation of the efficiency of such applications through the use of the modified Mitscherlich yield equation indicates that it is a much more efficient method than broadcasting soluble phosphate. There was no composition response in the grain for drilled phosphate.
Effect of the Reniform Nematode on Yield, Plant Characters, and Fiber Properties of Upland Cotton1
Authors: Jones J. E. , Newsom L. D. , Finley Etta L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The reniform nematode reproduced abundantly on cotton and caused serious injury to all varieties tested. It caused reduction in yield of lint, delay in maturity, reduction in size of boll, and, in some years, reduction in lint percent. No effect was noted on seed size, fiber length, fiber strength, or fiber fineness. Although the nematode increased wilt development on wilt‐susceptible varieties, it did not increase wilt on resistant varieties developed in other areas.
Determination of Application Losses of Anhydrous Ammonia1
Authors: Baker J. H. , Peech Michael , Musgrave R. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Application losses of anhydrous ammonia from soils at optimum moisture content were found to be negligibly small when ammonia was applied at practical rates, even at a depth of only 4 inches below the surface, as revealed by a method described in this paper.
Yield Components in Oats. I. Effect of Seeding Date1
Authors: Frey K. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In date‐of‐seeding experiments with 3 oat varieties Andrew and Sauk produced a higher relative grain yield than Bonham when sown late. Andrew produced a greater actual and relative number of seeds per head as the seeding date became later, whereas Sauk maintained a high level of relative number of heads per plant. Relative weights per 100 seeds of all 3 varieties were reduced by late planting to about the same extent.
Root and Stalk Rot in Corn as Affected by Fertilizer and Tillage Treatment1
Authors: Parker D. T. , Burrows W. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Low nitrogen fertility and the presence of crop residue on the soil surface were coincident with low incidence of rot. Potassium fertilization contributed slightly to decreased disease incidence. All factors that decreased disease incidence were also closely correlated with retarded early growth. Yield was depressed by severe infestation. However, it was impossible to show differential effect of disease on yield as affected by treatment because of interactions of yield, treatment, and disease incidence.
Some Problems in Inbreeding and Random Mating in Tetrasomics
Authors: Parsons P. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Inbreeding and random mating are considered in auto‐polyploids from the point of view of plant breeding. It is shown that the time factor in inbreeding can become very important especially when heterozygous genotypes are favored. Double reduction causes inbreeding whatever the mating system used so reducing the time to reach a given level of homozygosity.
Production of Small Grains Pasture Forage Using Sewage Effluent as a Source of Irrigation Water and Plant Nutrients1
Authors: Day A. D. , Tucker T. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Winter pasture forage yields equivalent to 11.14 tons per acre were obtained from barley irrigated with sewage effluent with no additional fertilizer. Similarly, wheat and oats produced 263% and 249% more pasture forage, respectively, than check plots that received only pump water. Barley was more sensitive to the detrimental effects of sewage effluent than wheat or oats.
Further Studies on the Effect of Seed Coat Color on Agronomic and Chemical Characters and Seed Injury in Flax1
Authors: Culbertson J. O. , Comstock V. E. , Frederiksen R. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Seed color was significantly associated with all agronomic characters studied except days to last bloom and lodging score.
Botanical Composition Changes in Annual Grassland as Affected by Fertilization and Grazing1
Authors: Jones Milton B. , Evans Raymond A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Changes in botanical composition on the annual range type of California indicated significant fertilizer‐grazing, fertilizer‐year, and grazing‐year interactions. Direct projection of botanical composition data from ungrazed fertilizer plots would not accurately predict changes resulting from the same fertilizer on grazed areas.
Interactions Between Genotypes of Soybeans and Genotypes of Nodulating Bacteria1
Authors: Johnson Herbert W. , Means Ura Mae
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Interactions were indicated by the chlorosis response of 116 soybean varieties to selected bacterial strains and by a selected group of varieties to 70 bacterial strains. The response of each of 11 varieties to 8 strains was different from that of any other variety. No two of the 8 strains resulted in the same response of all 11 varieties.
Leaf Removal in Grain Sorghum. I. Effects of Certain Defoliation Treatments on Yield and Components of Yield1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Pauli A. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A curvilinear relationship between grain yield and leaf area was found. Generally, changes in each of the 3 yield components were responsible for yield differences, although number of seeds per head and seed weight underwent greatest change. Greater yield reduction resulted from removing leaf area from upper than from lower portions of the plant. Likewise, removing alternate leaves was more deleterious than removing half of each leaf. In 1959, mean yield decreases of 23, 35, 43, and 95%, respectively, were obtained from removing approximately 33, 50, 67, and 100% of the leaf area at late boot and anthesis stages.
Winter Root Activity in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)1
Authors: Hanson A. A. , Juska F. V.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Root weight increased significantly during periods of low temperature. The pattern of root development was modified by nitrogen applications.
Birdsfoot Trefoil Stand Establishment as Influenced by Control of Vegetative Competition1
Authors: Scholl J. M. , Brunk R. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yields of birdsfoot trefoil in the year of seeding, 1957, and in the year following, differed widely between methods of controlling vegetative competition in 1957. These methods included hand weeding, companion crop management and the use of selective herbicides, dalapon and 4(2,4‐DB). Yields in 1957 and 1958 were more closely associated with size of seedling trefoil plants in 1957 than to their number. By the time of the first harvest of the second year after seeding, there were no significant effects from the treatments.
Effect of Pelleting Coastal Bermudagrass on Livestock Gains1
Authors: Hogan W. H. , Brooks O. L. , Beaty E. R. , McCreery R. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The gains of beef steers consuming Coastal bermudagrass varied from 0.60 pound to 2.08 pounds per day depending on the form in which the grass was fed. Pelleted Coastal bermudagrass produced gains that were not different from those produced by pelleted alfalfa.
Effect of Soil Temperature on Grain Sorghum Growth and Yield1
Authors: Adams John E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Clear plastic soil covers increased Houston Black clay early season soil temperatures 10° F. at the 3‐inch depth and accelerated plant development sufficiently to hasten maturity and increase grain yield. Grain sorghum yields per acre varied from 62.6 cwt. on bare plots to 73.5 cwt. with a clear plastic cover. Water‐use efficiency varied from 315 pounds on bare plots to 428 with clear plastic.
Effect of Clipping on Yield and Certain Agronomic Characters of Irrigated Grain Sorghum1
Authors: Singh S. S. , Colville W. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Injuries were inflicted on the hybrid grain sorghum RS 610 by clipping at several positions on the plant during six stages of plant growth. Clipping increased the number of branches developing from above‐ground buds (side branches). Head weight, total dry matter per plant, and grain yields were reduced by clipping. Test weights were lowered by clipping except where one half or the tips of the head were removed, in which cases they were slightly higher than the control.
Statistical Evaluations of Plant Height of Cotton as Influenced by Different Treatments and Soils1
Authors: Gerard C. J. , Cowley W. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The fitting of experimental data such as plant height response on selected flexible curves through the use of digital computers seems to offer excellent opportunities to make more exacting comparisons of imposed treatments. Plant height of cotton was especially indicative of moisture and spacing treatments on fine‐textured soils. Cotton grown under close‐spacing and moisture stress treatments indicated greater fluctuations in plant height within the plant population. Possible explanations for these responses are proposed.
Grazing Production Curves. II. Determining the Economic Optimum Stocking Rate1
Authors: Hildreth R. J. , Riewe Marvin E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Certain general principles involved in determining the economic optimum stocking rate on a given pasture are defined. The principles discussed take into account the effect of both economic and biological variables. A procedure for the rapid estimation of the economic optimum stocking rate for varying economic situations is presented.
Effects of Cutting Frequency and Nitrogen on Yield, in vitro Digestibility, and Protein, Fiber, and Carotene Content of Coastal Bermudagrass1
Authors: Burton Glenn W. , Jackson J. E. , Hart R. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Annual forage yields increased as the interval between cuttings increased to 6 weeks, leveled off as the interval increased to 12 weeks and dropped sharply in plots cut only once. Increasing the interval decreased crude protein and vitamin A equivalent content, leaf percent, and in vitro digestibility and increased stem length and fiber content. Increasing N applications increased yields of dry matter and crude protein and the content of crude protein and vitamin A equivalent but had no effect on the percent fiber in the grass.
Effects of Row Spacing and Time of Fertilization on Grass Seed Production1
Authors: Austenson H. M. , Peabody Dwight V.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Seed yields of orchardgrass and timothy were higher in rows than in solid stands. In colonial bentgrass the results were reversed. Red fescue yields were unaffected by row spacing over a three year period. Time of fertilizer application produced varied responses in each species. Seed quality was apparently unaffected by any of the treatments.
Water‐Soluble Phytotoxic Substances in Alfalfa Forage: Variation with Variety, Cutting, Year, and Stage of Growth1
Authors: Guenzi W. D. , Kehr W. R. , McCalla T. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Phytotoxic properties of water extracts of forage samples from Buffalo and Ranger alfalfa at 3 cuttings, 6 stages of growth, and for 2 years were determined by measuring the effects on germination and growth of corn seedlings. Stages of growth and cuttings differed significantly in their effects on root growth, whereas years and cuttings differed significantly in effects on shoot growth.
Some Factors Affecting Development and Longevity of Leaves of Corn1
Authors: Eik K. , Hanway J. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Planting dates had small effects on the numbers, sizes, rate of emergence, and longevity of corn leaves. There were differences among hybrids in the numbers, sizes, rates of emergence, and longevity of leaves. Longer‐season (later) hybrids developed and maintained larger leaf areas per plant than the shorter‐season hybrids. Increasing the availability of nutrients, particularly of N, early in the season generally increased the numbers of leaves formed per plant, increased the sizes of leaves more consistently than the numbers, and increased the rates of leaf emergence and leaf area expansion.
Relative Turgidity Technique for Scheduling Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Irrigation1
Authors: Namken L. N.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Cotton irrigations were adequately scheduled according to variations in the relative turgidity of the plant leaves sampled between 2:30 and 3:00 p.m. Cotton plants were able to endure short periods of severe plant moisture stress (66 to 62% relative turgidity) without significant yield reductions. Long periods of moderate to severe plant moisture stress (70 to 62% relative turgidity) during the bloom stage of plant growth caused significant yield reductions.
Effect of Soil Moisture Depletion on Crop Yield and Stomatal Infiltration1
Authors: Fuehring H. D. , Mazaheri A. , Bybordi M. , Khan A. K. S.
Published: July 2010

Yields of potatoes and maize were considerably reduced as the irrigation interval exceeded one week. Partial closure of stomata as early as two days after irrigation indicated stress on plant growth even when most “available” soil moisture was still present. A linear relationship between degree of stomatal opening as measured by the oil‐drop penetration technique and the length of time after irrigation of various crops was established under field conditions.
Fate of White Clover Axillary Buds at Five Intensities of Sunlight1
Authors: Trautner James L. , Gibson Pryce B.
Published: July 2010

The developmental fate of axillary buds and the frequency of nodal rooting of white clover growing at four reduced intensities of sunlight were determined by suspending plastic shade screens over field plots of spaced plants. Moderate shading as compared to full sunlight resulted in an increase in (1) growth as measured by number of nodes produced, (2) frequency of axillary buds developing into branch stolons, and (3) number of nodes that rooted. The results support the concept that slight shading by a companion grass favors the persistence of white clover stands.
Sorghum Foliar Responses to Changes in Soil Water Content1
Authors: Ehrler W. L. , van Bavel C. H. M.
Published: July 2010

Plant response to differences in water availability in the field was measured in grain sorghum during July in centra1 Arizona. During two 24‐hours periods, systematic measurements were made of meteorological factors, transpiration resistance, leaf thickness, leaf temperature, and evaporation, first in dry soil and then in wet soil, after irrigation.

Limited soil water availability partially counteracted the normal, light‐induced stomatal opening and led to increased daytime values of leaf diffusion resistance, decreased evapotranspiration, and leaf temperatures that exceeded air temperature, in contrast to plant reactions with water freely available.

On the other hand, leaf thickness, as measured by a beta‐ray gauge, decreased negligibly from the dawn reference value, even when the soil water content approached the 15‐bar percentage. The absence of significant leaf response in this regard appears to be a failure of the beta‐ray gauge technique to assess the water content of sorghum leaves.
Test for Drought Resistance in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoideum)1
Authors: Fanous Mamdouh A.
Published: July 2010

In tests for drought resistance in pearl millet, three methods were used: (1) growth in pots under different soil moisture tension regimes, (2) germination of seeds and growth of seedlings in mannitol solutions of different osmotic pressures, and (3) stability of extracted chlorophyll under heat treatment. The pearl millets studied represented a considerable range of ecological adaptation varying from types grown at the edge of the Rajasthan desert in India to commercially available varieties developed at Tifton, Georgia. The results showed that as the soil moisture tension increased, the growth responses for the pearl millet varieties studied decreased in the same general pattern. Differences in magnitude of responses were also observed among the varieties. It was concluded that more progress might be made by selection for early maturity in order to avoid drought than by selection for physiological drought resistance.
Influence of Plant Population on Yield and Other Characteristics of Soybeans1
Authors: Johnson B. J. , Harris H. B.
Published: July 2010

An investigation was conducted at Experiment, Georgia, during the period 1964 through 1966 to study effects of plant population on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield and other agronomic characteristics of varieties of different maturity. The 6.6 plants per meter of row (2 plants per foot) produced maximum yields (that point at which there were no further significant increases) of ‘Bragg’; all other varieties required 26.2 plants per meter (8 plants per foot). Plant height increased as populations increased through 26.2 plants per meter of row for all varieties except ‘Hardee’, which required only 13.1 plants. Lodging was a serious problem only in Hardee during 1966, and this was apparently associated with stem breakage due to stem girdling and excessive height. Weed populations and development of lower pods closer to soil level occurred in populations below 13.1 plants per meter of row. An inverse relationship between seed size and plant population was observed for Lee only.
Differential Tolerance of Dry Bean, Snapbean, and Lima Bean Varieties to an Acid Soil High in Exchangeable Aluminum1
Authors: Foy C. D. , Arminger W. H. , Fleming A. L. , Zaumeyer W. J.
Published: July 2010

Varieties of dry beans, snapbeans, and lima beans differed widely in their top and root growth on acid Bladen soil (pH 4.4) and in their yield response to lime. Previous evidence that Al toxicity is the primary growth‐limiting factor in this soil led to the conclusion that certain bean varieties differ in their specific tolerance to Al. With few exceptions, varieties that originated in the South (Florida, South Carolina, Tennessee) or East (New York) showed greatest tolerance to the acid soil. Varieties developed in the Midwest (Michigan) or West (Idaho, California) showed least tolerance. Results suggest the possibility of breeding bean varieties with greater tolerance to Al. Such varieties would root more deeply in acid, Altoxic subsoils and make better use of subsoil water and nutrients.
Effect of Phenylmercuric Acetate on Growth and Water Use of Spring Wheat1
Authors: Brengle K. G.
Published: July 2010

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. ‘Lee’) was treated with two concentrations of phenylmercuric acetate (PMA). In one test the treatments were applied at tillering, boot, and flowering stages of growth. In a second test, PMA was applied at tillering and heading stages of growth with a soil water variable for a 10‐day period following treatment. The soil water suction was kept between 1 bar and 1/3 bar in one series of treatments and permitted to go to 9 bars in another series. PMA applied at the heading or flowering stages of growth, reduced plant growth and water use. Plant damage or reduced water use were not apparent at the other stages of growth. Water use efficiency was not increased by any PMA applications used in these studies. Water use during the period of treatment was affected by soil water regimes but not by PMA treatment.
Effects of Environmental Factors on the Development of the Crown Node and Adventitious Roots of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)1
Authors: Ferguson Hayden , Boatwright G. O.
Published: July 2010

Rates of surface straw litter were shown to influence the location of the crown node in four varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). As the rate of surface straw was increased, the node formed farther from the seed; however, there was a strong variety ✕ straw rate interaction. At low straw rates, winter‐hardy varieties formed their nodes closer to the seed than did nonhardy varieties.

Both light and temperature influenced the location of the crown node. As light decreased or temperature increased, the node formed farther from the seed, but the node location was strongly affected by a variety ✕ temperature ✕ light intensity interaction.

Adventitious roots formed but did not elongate when the soil water content around the crown node was air dry; however, at water contents at or above 15 bars adventitious root growth appeared normal.