bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENDORSEMENT AND FREEDOM IN AMARTYA SEN'S CAPABILITY APPROACH
Authors: OLSARETTI SERENA
Published: June 2005

A central question for assessing the merits of Amartya Sen's capability approach as a potential answer to the “distribution of what”? question concerns the exact role and nature of freedom in that approach. Sen holds that a person's capability identifies that person's effective freedom to achieve valuable states of beings and doings, or functionings, and that freedom so understood, rather than achieved functionings themselves, is the primary evaluative space. Sen's emphasis on freedom has been criticised by G. A. Cohen, according to whom the capability approach either uses too expansive a definition of freedom or rests on an implausibly active, indeed “athletic,” view of well-being. This paper defends the capability approach from this criticism. It argues that we can view the capability approach to be underpinned by an account of well-being which takes the endorsement of valuable functionings as constitutive of well-being, and by a particular view of the way in which endorsement relates to force and choice.
The strength of children's knowledge of the role of root morphemes in the spelling of derived words
Authors: DEACON S. HÉLÈNE , BRYANT PETER
Published: June 2005

The spelling of words in English is governed in part by the morphemes that make them up. This study examines the strength of children's knowledge of the role of root morphemes in spelling, specifically focusing on whether it can withstand interference by phonological changes. A total of 75 children between seven and nine years of age were given the first parts of two-morpheme transparent and opaque derived words (e.g. musical and objection) and one-morpheme control words (e.g. metal and portion). Children used the clues to a significant extent with the two-, but not the one-morpheme words. This effect was consistent across age groups and across both types of derived words. This is evidence that children's understanding of the link between morphemes and spelling is not impeded by changes in the sound of morphemes. These findings have substantial implications for models of spelling development and for educational practice.
Affective Priming as an Indirect Measure of Food Preferences Acquired Through Odor Conditioning
Authors: Hermans Dirk , Baeyens Frank , Lamote Sabine , Spruyt Adriaan , Eelen Paul
Published: June 2005

Abstract. The present study aimed at investigating affective priming for originally neutral food stimuli that recently acquired their affective meaning through odor conditioning. In a first phase, pictures of different brands of yoghurts (CSs) were contingently presented with a positive or negative odor (US). In a subsequent phase, the yoghurt CSs were used as primes in an affective priming procedure. Rating data showed that the acquisition procedure resulted in a reliable evaluative learning effect. This could be corroborated by the results of the priming task. Participants responded faster to positive target words and made fewer errors when they were preceded by a CS that had been associated with a positive odor, as compared to a CS that was associated with a negative odor. A reversed pattern was present for negative targets. Based on these findings, it is suggested that affective priming might be used as a demand-free measure of evaluative learning.
Two-digit Comparison
Authors: Verguts Tom , De Moor Wendy
Published: June 2005

Abstract. We investigate whether two-digit numbers are decomposed for purposes of numerical comparison (e.g., choosing the larger one). Earlier theorists concluded that numbers are processed holistically ( Brysbaert, 1995 ; Dehaene, Dupoux, & Mehler, 1990 ), or that holistic and decomposed processes operate in parallel ( Nuerk, Weger, & Willmes, 2001 ). In the present experiment, we presented pairs of two-digit numbers with a decade distance of either zero (e.g., 54-57) or one (54-61). If a holistic process contributes to two-digit comparison, there should be an overall distance effect for number pairs with a decade distance of one. On the other hand, if numbers are decomposed and a holistic comparison does not contribute, this overall distance effect should be absent for these number pairs. Evidence is found that, at least in the present task settings, numbers are not compared holistically. The results are interpreted in terms of a recently proposed theory of numerical cognition ( Verguts & Fias, 2004 ; Verguts, Fias, & Stevens, 2005) .
A Blank Look in Reading
Authors: Van Overschelde James P. , Healy Alice F.
Published: June 2005

Abstract. Two experiments investigated the effect of visual blank space on reading by varying the amount of interletter and interline blank space in prose passages. Increasing interletter blank spacing slowed the reading process overall, presumably because it disrupted the unitization of words and word identification, but it also improved the identification of the letters within words. By contrast, increasing interline blank spacing sped up the reading process overall, while also improving the identification of words and the letters within words, presumably because the extra spacing reduced the amount of visual information that was processed during reading. The latter finding supports the conclusion that information from surrounding lines of single-spaced text may interfere with reading.
Perceptual Effects and Recollective Experience in Face Recognition
Authors: Nega Chrisanthi
Published: June 2005

Abstract. Four experiments were conducted investigating the effect of size congruency on facial recognition memory, measured by remember, know and guess responses. Different study times were employed, that is extremely short (300 and 700 ms), short (1,000 ms), and long times (5,000 ms). With the short study time (1,000 ms) size congruency occurred in knowing. With the long study time the effect of size congruency occurred in remembering. These results support the distinctiveness/fluency account of remembering and knowing as well as the memory systems account, since the size congruency effect that occurred in knowing under conditions that facilitated perceptual fluency also occurred independently in remembering under conditions that facilitated elaborative encoding. They do not support the idea that remember and know responses reflect differences in trace strength.
Waveform inversion of volcano‐seismic signals assuming possible source geometries
Authors: Nakano Masaru , Kumagai Hiroyuki
Published: June 2005

We propose an approach to quantify the source of volcano‐seismic signals assuming possible source geometries. Such an assumption reduces the number of free parameters in a waveform inversion, so we can quantify the source of these signals observed by a small number of seismic stations. We test this method by using the synthesized waveforms radiated by a fluid‐filled crack and with seismic data observed at Kusatsu‐Shirane Volcano. We find that waveform data from 2 to 3 three‐component seismic stations surrounding the source enable us to estimate the source mechanism and location in the present approach.
Simulating the Effects of Urban Development on Activity — Travel Patterns: An Application of Ramblas to the Randstad North Wing
Authors: Veldhuisen K Jan , Timmermans Harry J P , Kapoen Loek L
Published: June 2005

In this paper we discuss the application of Ramblas to estimate the impact of three possible urban development scenarios in North Wing of the Randstad region in the Netherlands. These land-use scenarios concern the location of dwellings, office buildings, and industrial sites in Amsterdam and its surroundings. The three proposed scenarios differ mainly in terms of the degree of concentration, density of residential development, and the timing of the construction. Ramblas was applied to assess the impact of these scenarios in terms of sustainability criteria such as the number of kilometres travelled. The results suggest that global criteria are not enough to decide whether one scenario is preferable to another. Ramblas can provide more inside information.
Estimating the Boundary Lines of Land Lots with a Multiobjective Optimization Approach
Authors: Gao Xiaolu , Asami Yasushi
Published: June 2005

Data on the shape of land lots are needed in urban planning analyses. However, large amounts of shape data are often unavailable. In this paper we develop a method of estimating the boundary lines of land lots. With the assumption that the vertices of lots are tentatively given and that their deviations from true positions follow certain kinds of probability distributions, the problem is formulated as an optimization problem of adjusting the positions of tentatively given vertices, subject to the constraints of available information such as lot size and frontage. In this problem, two objectives are considered: one is to maximize the log-likelihood function and the other is to minimize distortion of lot shape. An index called the ‘suitability degree’, based on the concept of fuzzy logic, is proposed for evaluating the quality of estimates and is used as a decisionmaking rule for determining the weight parameter in the objective function. The proposed method is empirically tested with real lots and the results are satisfactory. It reveals the feasibility of applying this method in urban planning.
The Lineage of the Line: Space Syntax Parameters from the Analysis of Urban DEMs
Authors: Ratti Carlo
Published: June 2005

A number of shortcomings of space syntax—a well-known technique of urban analysis—were recently discussed in the scientific literature. They are mostly traceable to the reliance in space syntax on the ‘axial map’: a simplified line-of-sight description of the city, which is then analysed based on its topology. This paper explores how another type of urban representations—namely the urban digital elevation model (DEM), a raster map which stores building heights—could prove helpful in providing complementary information to space syntax. Although the use of DEMs is common in the geo-sciences, their application in urban studies is more recent and shows promise. This paper presents several analysis algorithms to derive urban lines of sight, viewsheds, travelling time maps, and simulations based on cellular automata. The relevance of the approach is discussed, suggesting that it could effectively complement traditional space syntax in the coming years.
Vitamin B12 Release from P(HEMA-co-THFMA) in Water and SBF: A Model Drug Release Study
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad A. , Hill David J. T. , Whittaker Andrew K.
Published: June 2005

A model drug release study on the ingress of water and Kokubo simulated body fluid (SBF) into poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (P(HEMA)) and its copolymers with tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA) loaded with vitamin B12 was undertaken over the temperature range 298–318 K. The polymers were studied as cylinders and were loaded with either 5 or 10 wt-% of the drug. The drug release from the polymers was found to follow a Fickian diffusion mechanism in the early stages of the drug release, with higher normalized release rates at higher temperatures and higher drug loadings. The normalized release rates were also found to be higher for the SBF solution than for water. The copolymer composition was found to have a significant effect on the rate of release of the drug, with the rate falling rapidly between HEMA mole fractions of 1.0 and 0.8, but for lower mole fractions of HEMA the normalized release rate decreased more slowly. This behaviour followed the trend found for the changes in the equilibrium penetrant contents for the copolymers.
Dendrimers as Scaffolds for Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Agents: a Route to Star-Shaped Block Copolymers
Authors: Hao Xiaojuan , Malmström Eva , Davis Thomas P. , Stenzel Martina H. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: June 2005

Star-shaped block copolymers of styrene and n-butyl acrylate having three, six, and twelve pendent arms were successfully synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Dendritic cores (based on 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane) of generation 0, 1, and 2 have been functionalized with 3-benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanylpropionic ester groups and have subsequently been employed to mediate the polymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate to generate macro-star-RAFT agents as starting materials for chain extension. The chain extension of the macro-star-RAFT agents with either styrene or n-butyl acrylate by bulk free radical polymerization at 60°C gives narrowly distributed polymer (final polydispersities close to 1.2) increasing linearly in molecular weight with increasing monomer-to-polymer conversion. However, with an increasing number of arms (i.e., when going from three- to twelve-armed star polymers), the chain extension becomes significantly less efficient. The molecular weight of the generated block copolymers was assessed using 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as size exclusion chromatography calibrated with linear polystyrene standards. The hydrodynamic radius, Rh, of the star block copolymers as well as the precursor star polymers was determined in tetrahydrofuran by dynamic light scattering (90°) at 25°C. Interestingly, the observed Rh–Mn relationships indicate a stronger dependence of Rh on Mn for poly(butyl acrylate) stars than for the corresponding styrene polymers. Rh increases significantly when the macro-star-RAFT agent is chain extended with either styrene or n-butyl acrylate.
Grafting of n-Butyl Acrylate and N,N'-Dimethyl Acrylamide from Poly(divinylbenzene) Microspheres by RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Joso Raymond , Stenzel Martina H. , Davis Thomas P. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Barner Leonie
Published: June 2005

N,N´-Dimethyl acrylamide and n-butyl acrylate have been grafted from crosslinked poly(divinylbenzene) core microspheres by both reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and conventional free radical polymerization. The microspheres were prepared by precipitation polymerization utilizing 55 and 80 wt. % divinylbenzene (DVB), respectively. The RAFT agent cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB) was utilized and grafting was performed in toluene at 80°C with 2,2´-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as thermal initiator. Particle weights increased up to 6% for poly(n-butyl acrylate) and up to 15% for poly(N,N´-dimethyl acrylamide). Grafting from poly(DVB-55) microspheres results in a higher particle weight increase than grafting from poly(DVB-80) microspheres while using the same RAFT agent concentrations. The particle weight increase is approximately higher by a factor of two. The grafted microspheres were characterized by attenuated total reflection (ATR) IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
A Method for Preparing Low-Allergen Natural Rubber Latex
Authors: Vivaygananthan Kathireson , Lai Pin-Fa , Gan Seng-Neon , Fellows Christopher M. , Gilbert Robert G.
Published: June 2005

The free radical polymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) on the surface of particles in natural rubber latex (NRL) was carried out using an iron(ii)/tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) redox couple initiation system, which results in significant grafting of poly(DMAEMA) to the surface of the particles. Because poly(DMAEMA) functions as an electrosteric stabilizer, this leads to increased colloidal stability, which suggests that the proteinaceous material which normally provides the colloidal stability in NRL can be displaced. This opens the way to preparing barrier products of low allergenicity, because the allergic response from NRL products arises from this proteinaceous material. Dipped and cast films were prepared from the modified NRL and were shown to be of low allergenicity using the IgE-ELISA inhibition assay. Vulcanized films prepared from the modified latex were also found to be of low allergenicity compared to a compounded film of unmodified NRL prepared under similar conditions. The barrier integrity, tensile strength, and elongation at break values of vulcanized films prepared from the modified latex were also equivalent to the unmodified film, and their water sensitivity and ageing characteristics were not significantly different. This suggests that this modified NRL can be used as an effective low-allergy latex for personal barrier products such as surgical gloves.
Helical Porous Protein Mimics Self-Assembled from Amphiphilic Dendritic Dipeptides
Authors: Percec Virgil , Dulcey Andrés , Peterca Mihai , Ilies Monica , Miura Yoshiko , Edlund Ulrica , Heiney Paul A.
Published: June 2005

This manuscript reports the synthesis and the self-assembly of (4-3,4,5-3,5)nG2-CH2-Boc-l-Tyr-l-Ala-OMe dendritic dipeptides (n = 12, 16). These dendritic dipeptides self-assemble both in solution and in solid states into helical porous supramolecular columns that mimic porous transmembrane proteins. These supramolecular assemblies provide also a new class of tubular supramolecular polymers.
Food of the Marine Toad, Bufo Marinus, and Six Species of Skink in a Cacao Plantation in New Britain, Papua New Guinea.
Authors: Bailey P
Published: June 2005

Toads and skinks were caught in cocoa plantations on 1 day each month of 1972 between 0800 and 1500 h for examination of stomach contents. They were marine toads (Bufo marinus), introduced in 1939 to control sweet potato hawkmoth (Hippotion caleria) and known to eat pests of cocoa and sugar cane and beneficial insects including introduced predators. Ants were 46% of dietary items of toads, snails were 42%. The other 12% were 4 orders of insect. They included 2 beetles of economic importance, adult cacao weevil borer (Pantorhytes plutus) and adult dung beetle, an unidentified species of Scarabaeinae. Presence of toads should be considered before exotic dung beetles are introduced. The ant Oecophylla smaragdina was 15% of food items; it is thought to control some insect pests of cocoa and toads may check its spread.The skinks ate mostly lepidopteran larvae from the trees, though Lamprolepis smaragdinum and Sphenomorphus jobiensis were found mainly on the ground. Cacao webworm larvae (Pansepta teleturga) were 6% of food items in Emoia baudinii and 1% in E. callisticta and E. mivart; those larvae channel into cocoa branches and would have to be sought actively. The other skink studied was Carlia fusca. All were general predators but with some selection. They may be the natural controls of defoliating caterpillars.
Sexual Dimorphism in Molar Progression and Eruption in the Agile Wallaby
Authors: Newsome AE , Merchant JC , Bolton BL , Dudzinski ML
Published: June 2005

Male and female agile wallabies with the same dental pattern are of different ages. Males grow faster and acquire their teeth earlier. It seems probable that other sexually dimorphic kangaroos and wallabies have similar differences.

A statistical model for molar progression is suggested.
The Ages of Non-breeding Kangaroos
Authors: Newsome AE
Published: June 2005

In central Australia, anoestrous red kangaroos and males with reduced interstitium were, in general,the younger adults. Anoestrous females suckling young throughout drought were among the oldest in the population. The weights of non-breeding animals were lower than those of reproductive counterparts of the same tooth class.

No similar relationship was found for aspermous males, their distribution being random in the population, supporting the idea that the condition is induced by high ambient temperatures.

As red kangaroos are not known to have dominance hierarchies in the wild but rather are nomadic, gregarious and promiscuous, it is suggested that the experience of older animals plus the social benefits of larger size may gain them nutritional advantage during drought.
Comparison of Bird Counts From Pine Forest and Indigenous Vegetation.
Authors: Driscoll PV
Published: June 2005

Bird counts were taken in Feb., March and July 1975 in 4 native habitats, ranging from wet sclerophyll Eucalyptus forest to mallee (E. stricta)-heath on the Boyd Plateau, and two Pinus radiata habitats (20 yr and 40 yr) in the Jenolan State Forest, New South Wales, Australia. In each season the number of birds and the number of species was highest in the native forest habitats, lower in the pine habitats and least in the mallee-heath. The composition of native forest, pine forest, and mallee-heath bird communities shows considerable differences.
The Rufescent Bandicoot, Echymipera rufescens (Peters & Doria)
Authors: Gordon G , Lawrie BC
Published: June 2005

The rufescent bandicoot is here recorded from four additional localities on Cape York Peninsula, extending its Australian range from the McIlwraith Range in the south to 'Somerset' in the north.

Habitat types included gallery forest, low-layered open forest with vine forest elements, grassy woodlands,and closed heath.
The Western Hare-Wallaby Lagorchestes Hirsutus (Gould) (Macropodidae), in the Tanami Desert.
Authors: Bolton BL , Latz PK
Published: June 2005

Study was of 2 small colonies of the rare western hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus) in the Tanami Desert sanctuary of Northern Territories, Australia. Plants grazed were whole plant of Fimbristylis dichotoma and Calandrinia remota, leaves of Brunonia australis, Bassia astrocarpa and F. solidifolis and seed heads of Triodia pungens, Plectrachne schinzii, Bulbostylis barbaba and Eragrostis eriopoda. Cool winter fires lit deliberately along stock routes by nomadic aborigines provided firebreaks and resulted in different vegetative regeneration stages that suited the wallabies' requirements for cover and feed; the extensive hot fires started by lightning in summer destroyed habitat of the wallabies. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: Two small colonies of the rare western hare-wallaby (L. hirsutus) in the Tanami Desert sanctuary of Northern Territory, Australia were studied. Plants grazed were the whole plant of Fimbristylis dichotoma and Calandrinia remota, leaves of Brunonia australis, Bassia astrocarpa and F. solidifolis and seed heads of Triodia pungens, Plectrachne schinzii, Bulbostylis barbata and Eragrostis eriopoda. Cool winter fires lit deliberately along stock routes by nomadic aborigines provided firebreaks and resulted in different vegetative regeneration stages that suited the wallabies' requirements for cover and feed; the extensive hot fires started by lightning in summer destroyed the habitat of the wallabies.
Reproduction of the Rabbit, Oryctolagus cunniculus (L.), on Macquarie Island, Subantarctic
Authors: Skira IJ
Published: June 2005

The reproduction of rabbits on Macquarie I. was studied from December 1973 to February 1975.

The breeding season extended from late August 1974 to mid-March 1975; both sexes showed an annual cycle in development and regression of the gonads. Between mid-October and mid-November 92% of females sampled were pregnant; during this period the maximum numbers of corpora lutea and embryos were 8.55 and 6.50 per female respectively. Few resorptions occurred although the
number of pregnant females that resorbed increased as the breeding season progressed.

Of all rabbit kittens produced in the 1974-75 breeding season, 64% were born by mid-December 1974. Female rabbits in their first year of breeding bore the greatest number of kittens; natality decreased as females aged.
Notes on Reproduction and Growth in the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss)
Authors: Smith M
Published: June 2005

Reproduction of koalas was studied at Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, Brisbane, where 80% of births fall between October and January. Gestation ranges from 34 to 36 days. Females are monotocous.

Those who wean their young in the first half of the breeding season breed again in the second half. Although polyoestrous, most females conceive at their first oestrus, except 2-y-olds.

Males are mature at 3 y old, females at 2 y old. Young emerge from the pouch at 7 months, leave it completely at 9 months, and are weaned at approximately 12 months. Growth curves are provided. Those born early in the season grow faster than those born later; the age when growth ceases is unknown.

Longevity is about 12y; and the sex ratio may be slightly biased towards females.
The Effects on Rain-Forest Birds of Plantings of Teak, Tectona Grandis, in Papua New Guinea.
Authors: Bell HL
Published: June 2005

Plantations of the introduced teak (Tectona grandis) in New Guinea had little lateral branching, few epiphytes or climbers and little undergrowth. Birds found among teak were some from the original rain forest nearby and some savannah species. There were far fewer species of bird and mammal than in rain forest, owing mainly to the loss of small insectivorous passerines, nectarivores and ground feeders. Birds at 2 teak plots and in rain forest were classed by their feeding habits; some had adapted to different niches on leaving rain forest for the teak. There were few mammals in the teak other than rats, probably Rattus leucopus, and the rats ate teak fruit. A main food resource in teak was the teak moth (Hyblaea puera); birds were noted that ate the larvae or pupae. Even birds able to maintain themselves among teak may be able to colonize teak only if there is adjacent rain forest from which to colonize. Official policy is now to leave natural vegetation along creek lines.
Behaviour of the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss), in Captivity III*. Vocalisations
Authors: Smith M
Published: June 2005

Vocalizations of koalas are classified as follows: squeak, the basic call of cubs; squawk, a sign of mild distress or aggression; low grunt, the response to very weak stimulus contrast; harsh grunt, of fighting males. All these are poorly structured, with many overlapping frequencies; they are not
discrete but are linked by intermediates. The snarl, wail and scream are agonistic calls made by females: the snarl is brief and guttural, the others prolonged and well structured, with distinct harmonics; all three serve as defensive threats only.

The bellow is the characteristic male call, and consists of a long series of deep, snoring inhalations and belching exhalations. It is most frequent
during the mating season, and is fully developed at 3 years old. Females bellow less often and more softly. The context of all agonistic calls is analysed; those of females are related to the degree of excitement and the nature of the stimulus; bellowing is related to the presence or apparent absence of stimulus and the degree of motivation. Bellowing probably functions as a general
broadcast vocalization, evolved from a call made during aggression.
Behaviour of the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss), in Captivity IV.* Scent-Marking
Authors: Smith M
Published: June 2005

Male koalas scent-mark by grasping a vertical object, generally a tree, and rubbing the sternal gland against it. The behaviour first appears at 3 y of age, and reaches a peak a year or two later.

It is frequently performed in conjunction with bellowing, especially in response to agonistic encounters or the bellow of a rival male, and often by itself in circumstances where a bellow might be expected.

It is sometimes a response to unfamiliar surroundings or objects, and otherwise is performed by a male moving about a pen. Scent-marking may primarily be a response to unfamiliarity which, having become associated with displaced aggression, has been entrained to the bellowing drive.
Habitat Required for Nesting by Crocodylus porosus (Reptilia : Crocodilidae)
Authors: Magnusson WE
Published: June 2005

C. povosus in northern Australia does not use all available vegetation for making nests, but those
materials that it does use are used in proportion to their availability. Discriminant function analysis
was used to quantify the suitability of sites for nesting in terms of vegetation. Crocodiles do not
select sites for nests only on the basis of available nesting materials; most nests are made on the
north-west banks of rivers (mean direction: 293", angular deviation 61"). There are at least 933
suitable nesting sites for C. porosus on the Liverpool and Tomkinson Rivers. This suggests that the
present population of adult crocodiles could increase by a factor of 18 before nest sites became
limiting.
Aspects of the Ecology of the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss), in Tucki Tucki Nature Reserve, New South Wales
Authors: Gall BC
Published: June 2005

A study of the koala colony in the 4-ha Tucki Tucki Nature Reserve in northern New South Wales
was carried out between March 1972 and February 1976. The Reserve supported a resident adult population of 11 or 12 koalas, comprising three males and eight or nine females, and a mean total population of 26.5. Resident koalas engage in a high degree of local movement. Females are mature at the beginning of their third year and normally raise one young per year to independence.

Males may not be fully mature till the commencement of their fourth year. Young are independent of the parent female at 12 months and disperse during their second year if unable to secure a vacant place in the Reserve.

Dispersed koalas either take up residence in an adjoining colony, become nomads, or perish. During the study, all three resident males died over a short period. The gradual return to a stable population is examined.
Diet of the Eastern Native-Cat, Dasyurus Viverrinus (Shaw), in Southern Tasmania.
Authors: Blackhall S
Published: June 2005

New information on the diet of Dasyurus viverrinus from one locality in southern Tasmania is presented. A total of 64 droppings from 41 animals were collected during 3 intervals over 8 months and examined microscopically. Insects constituted the bulk of the diet and occurred in 97% of the droppings. The remains of birds and small mammals were found in 17% of the droppings. All droppings contained similar amounts of plant material. Seasonal changes in the contribution of different species of prey to the diet of native cats are discussed.
Some Population Parameters and Seasonal Changes in the Weights of Internal Organs of Rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), at Macquarie
Authors: Skira IJ
Published: June 2005

The sex ratio, age distribution and seasonal variations in body weight and weight of several internal organs of rabbits were studied, between December 1973 and February 1975 on subantarctic Macquarie Island. The sex ratio (male : female) was 1 : 0.84. Rabbits over 18 months old predominated in the population in summer 1973-74, but from April 1974 the population was composed equally of adults and rabbits less than 18 months old. The second half of the 1973-74 breeding season contained only 36% of the births of that season, but supplied 70% of the young rabbits that entered the population.

Females weighed more than male rabbits in the summer but males were heavier in the winter. The mean weights of liver, kidneys and spleen in adult females were significantly heavier in the summer, when food plants were growing and the quality of food highest, than in winter. In adult males these mean weights were similar in summer and winter. Both males and females showed no significant difference in the mean weight of adrenal glands between seasons.
Breeding and Moult in Honeyeaters (Aves : Meliphagidae) near Adelaide, South Australia
Authors: Ford HA
Published: June 2005

'New Holland honeyeaters Phylidonyris novaehollandiae moult their primary feathers between mid- October and late April. Most adults probably have completed their moult by February, some immatures moult later. Individual birds may take over 100 days to complete moulting their primaries. The secondary and tail feathers are moulted towards the end of the primary moult and slightly after it. Limited data for 15 other species suggest that they moult at a similar time and for a similar duration. Breeding, in the Adelaide area, occurred in all months of the year in at least some species of honeyeaters, with a major peak from July to November, and a minor peak in April and May. Insectivorous species breed somewhat later than nectarivorous species and breed less often in autumn. Breeding of the former group may be influenced chiefly by increasing temperature in spring, whereas autumn rainfall probably influences the timing of peak nectar production. Although there is some overlap between the extensive breeding seasons and moulting periods of honeyeaters I have no evidence that individual honeyeaters breed while they are moulting.
Incubation of the Eggs of the Green Sea Turtle, Chelonia Mydas, in Torres Strait, Australia: the Effect of Movement on Hatchability.
Authors: Parmenter CJ
Published: June 2005

Of the eggs of green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Torres Strait, Australia, 92% hatched when they were incubated artificially soon after being laid but only 68% when they were transported to other experimental turtle farms. Other eggs were experimentally rolled, i.e., rotated about their horizontal axis, at different times after being laid. Those rolled after 1, 3 or 6 h had 92% hatching rate; after 12 h, 88%; after 24 h, 48%; after 2 or 3 days, none; after 5 days, 4% increasing with the delay to 72% after 20 days delay between laying and rolling. If C. mydas eggs for a hatchery can not be moved to their final destination within 3 h, then they ought not to be moved until at least 20 days after being laid.
Social Behaviour of the Euro, Macropus robustus (Gould), in the Australian Arid Zone
Authors: Croft DB
Published: June 2005

About 1600 h have been spent in the field studying the social behaviour of the euro in a semiarid
to arid habitat. Social relationships and grouping patterns of six size and sex classes (large and medium-sized
adult males, adult females, subadult males and females, and young-at-foot) have been determined.
Euros form small groups, highly labile in size and composition, and are often solitary. The
mother-young bond is the most enduring social relationship. The only other strong bond, a one-to-one
consort relationship between a large male and an oestrous female, is very brief. Gross sexual
dimorphism in this species is related to competition between males for mates. In agonistic encounters
over females, or for limited resources such as cave shelters, the larger animal normally takes priority.
Mating is probably polygynous. The repertoire of communicatory behaviour is limited to a few vocalizations
and displays, but olfactory stimuli are important in a euro's social behaviour. Ecological factors
in the social organization of euros are discussed.
The Small Mammals of Little Nourlangie Rock, N. T I. Description of Study Site
Authors: Dunlop CR , Begg RJ
Published: June 2005

Little Nourlangie Rock (12� 51' S., 132� 47' E.) is an isolated sandstone outlier of the Arnhem Land
plateau, approximately 0.8 by 2 km in size and up to > 100 m above the surrounding plain. The climate
is monsoonal. The habitat types studied are: closed forest, of either rainforest or evergreen open forest
species; rocky crevices adjoining a flat sandy area covered in shrubs; a scree slope with open eucalypt
forest; sparsely vegetated rocky slopes. Eighteen species of mammals were seen or trapped; of the
resident rock-dwellers, Dasyurus hallucatus, Antechinus bilarni, Zyzomys argurus and Z. woodwardi were
numerous enough for quantitative study.
A Study of Habitat Preferences in the Grey Kangaroo
Authors: Hill GJE
Published: June 2005

In a state forestry reserve in south-eastern Queensland, indices of grey kangaroo abundance were
obtained from faecal pellet counts and were related to habitat structure by analysis of variance, multiple
regression and cluster analysis. Of these, cluster analysis proved the most effective technique. Results
identified a preference for habitats displaying an abundance of food reserves and shelter. Climax forest
and open woodland type habitats were relatively little used.
The Stimulating Effect of a Phytohormone, Gibberellic Acid, on Reproduction of Mus musculus
Authors: Olsen P
Published: June 2005

The plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA3), given in the drinking water to field-caught Mus musculus
in the laboratory, almost doubled the proportion of females producing litters. No increase was detected
in litter size or number of litters produced by breeding females. In a further experiment, the proportion
of females coming into oestrus was more than doubled by treatment with GA3. Present in many plants,
especially during germination, growth and seed maturation, gibberellins may be proximate chemical
cues to reproduction in some herbivores, and may act as a feedback mechanism between plant and
herbivore in some models of demographic cycles.
The sensitivity of Australian animals to 1080 poison. II. Marsupial and eutherian carnivores
Authors: Mcilroy J. C.
Published: June 2005

Eutherian carnivores tested were more sensitive to 1080 poison than marsupial carnivores. Both groups of animals displayed similar symptoms but there was wide intra- and interspecific variation in the time to onset, the sequence of occurrence and duration of the symptoms. The risks that individual carnivores face from primary and secondary poisoning have been assessed. Theoretically, dingoes probably face the greatest risk amongst the species studied, followed by members of the smaller dasyurids and feral cats. Members of the larger dasyurids and long-nosed bandicoots probably face the least risk. Factors likely to influence the actual effect of 1080-poisoning campaigns on carnivore populations are discussed.
Feeding Segregation Within an Assemblage of Small Birds in the Karri Forest Understorey.
Authors: Wooller RD , Calver MC
Published: June 2005

The feeding habits of small birds in the understorey of a wet sclerophyll forest near Pemberton, W.A.,
were studied in May of 1979 and 1980. Observations were made of the height and substrate at which
birds fed, and the sizes and types of invertebrates eaten were determined by faecal analysis. None
of the seven most common species showed more than 55% overlap with each other in all four of these
feeding dimensions. It is suggested that the inference of diets from purely observational data may
give misleading results. An attempt to estimate foraging overlap between birds from their morphological
similarity was unsuccessful.
Rabbit Control and the Conservation of Native Mallee Vegetation on Roadsides in South Australia.
Authors: Cooke BD
Published: June 2005

Rabbits could be controlled by various combinations of warren ripping, poisoning and fumigation, without the need for clearing roadside Eucalyptus spp.
Analysis of Stomach Contents of Dugongs From Queensland.
Authors: Marsh H , Channells PW , Heinsohn GE , Morrissey J
Published: June 2005

Quantitative analysis of samples of the stomach contents of 95 north Queensland dugongs, Dugong dugon, (63 from the Townsville area, 30 from the Mornington Island area and 2 from the Torres Strait area) and one dugong from south Queensland indicates that the diet of most consisted almost entirely of seagrasses of all available genera. Halodule was found in 95% of stomachs, followed by Halophila (89%). Cymodocea (61%) and Thalassia (39%). Seagrass rhizomes were present in all stomachs examined including that of a newborn calf. The generic composition of the stomach contents probably reflects that of the seagrass beds in the areas where the dugongs were captured and is not necessarily indicative of discrimination in selecting food. Non-epiphytic algae occurred in 51% of the stomachs, usually in small amounts. When seagrasses were abundant, dugongs appeared to eat algae often but only in very small amounts (<2% of food volume). Dugongs do not appear to be well adapted to utilize algae as food and probably usually consume them incidentally with seagrasses. Many of the dugongs which drowned in the shark nets near Townsville in the year after a cyclone had severely damaged the seagrass beds in the area, had eaten more of the seagrasses Cymodocea and Thalassia, less of the seagrasses Halodule and Halophila, and more algae than animals which died in other years.
The Behaviour of Feral Pigs, Sus scrofa, in Flocks of Lambing Ewes
Authors: Pavlov PM , Hone J
Published: June 2005

The behaviour of feral pigs in flocks of lambing ewes was studied in New South Wales during autumn
and spring in both 1978 and 1979. Pigs were shown to be predators of lambs. Pig activity caused some
disturbance to the flock on 77.5% of the observed occasions they were within 100 m of lambing flocks.
Lambs were caught in 10 of 42 (23.8%) of observed chases. The feeding sequence on lambs by feral pigs
follows a distinct pattern, and carcasses left at different stages of consumption can implicate feral pigs.
Pigs were seen to kill one or two lambs in an evening but it is unknown how many lambs one pig may
kill during an entire lambing. One individually identifiable pig was seen to kill five times, and harass
the flock for up to 2 h, on seven different occasions during the spring 1978 lambing. Both boars and
sows were seen to kill lambs.
Coat Colour and Fittness of Rabbits on Macquarie Island
Authors: Skira IJ , Brothers NP , Copson GR
Published: June 2005

Agouti rabbits constituted 84% and black rabbits 16% of the 5137 rabbits shot at Macquarie I, between
1973 and 1977. The occurrence of other coat colours was rare. There were no significant physical
differences between agouti and black rabbits with respect to body weight, litter size and eye-lens weight
distribution. The hypothesis that black rabbits are more robust than agouti rabbits was not substantiated.
Lizard Species in Small Mainland Habitat Isolates and Islands off South-western Western Australia
Authors: Kitchener DJ , How R
Published: June 2005

Slopes and elevation of the regression of lizard species richness versus area for small ( < 25 ha) isolated
areas of 'natural' vegetation in the Western Australian wheatbelt are not significantly different from those
for Western Australian continental island groups. Similar-sized coral islands in Houtman Abrolhos,
however, have relatively few lizards, and their species richness is independent of area. This is not
attributed to ecological instability of coral islands but to the homogeneous habitat of coral islands and
the nature of 'strand' lizards. No family of lizards appears to be favoured in small isolates or islands. It is
suggested that the ecologically more generalized species predominate in small areas.
Population Fluctuations and Reproduction of Rabbits in a Pastoral Area on the Coast North of Carnarvon, W. A.
Authors: King DR , Wheeler SH , Schmidt GL
Published: June 2005

The population fluctuations and reproductive biology of rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), were
studied in a coastal pastoral area in the north-west of Western Australia between 1974 and 1981.
Numbers were highest in late 1975-early 1976 and declined during a period of below-average rainfall
in 1976-79, but were still found in all landforms. The breeding season was more regular than that
of rabbits in other pastoral areas, and appeared to be a response to winter rains which were relatively
predictable in timing, if not amount. Successful summer breeding also followed heavy summer rain.
There appears to be no opportunity for cost-effective control of rabbits in the area by techniques
currently available, as even when numbers are low the rabbits are widespread.
Changes in the Age-Structure and Size of Populations of Wild Rabbits in South Australia, Following the Introduction of European Rabbit Fleas, Spilopsyllus Cuniculi (Dale), as Vectors of Myxomatosis.
Authors: Cooke BD
Published: June 2005

The age-structures of rabbit populations at 4 climatically different sites in South Australia were found to have altered significantly since the introduction of Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) as a vector of myxomatosis. The ratio of young of the year to older rabbits in summer was greatly reduced. There was evidence of decreases in size of all observed populations and (for 1 population) in ability to increase rapidly in favourable years. The ratio of young of the year to older rabbits was a convenient and sensitive index of changes in population structure; for analytical purposes, the log transformation (ln [ratio] or ln [ratio + 1]) was biologically and statistically sound. Since the fleas became established, field-strain viruses may have become more virulent and morbidity rates may have increased, but the factors enabling rabbit fleas to enhance myxomatosis as a cause of mortality are unknown. The apparent virulence may have increased because of selection for viruses of high virulence, which are best suited for transmission by S. cuniculi, and possibly because the dose of virus transmitted by fleas is considerably greater than that by mosquitoes or other agents.
Bait Acceptance by Non-Target Mammal Species in Simulated Rabbit Poisoning Trials.
Authors: Brunner H
Published: June 2005

A series of simulated rabbit poisoning trials was camed out to assess the acceptance of carrot, pellet
(extruded pollard and bran) and oat baits by non-target species. The results showed that a high
percentage of those non-target mammals exposed to the baits ingested at least one of the bait types.
Carrot bait proved to be the most target-specific. The actual location of the bait material was often
more important than bait type in determining uptake.
The Diet of the Eastern Grey Kangaroo and Wallaroo in Areas of Improved and Native Pasture in the New England Tablelands.
Authors: Taylor RJ
Published: June 2005

The diet of the eastern grey kangaroo and wallaroo was compared at 2 sites, Lana and Newsholme, in the New England tablelands of New South Wales. At Lana, the pastures had been fertilized for 20 yr and were dominated by low-fibre grasses such as Bothriochloa, Eragrostis, Sporobolus, Microlaena, Danthonia and Vulpia; some paddocks had been sown with introduced grasses, Phalaris, Festuca and lucerne. Coarse tussock grasses such as Poa spp., Stipa and Danthonia pallida predominated at Newsholme. The major difference in the diet of the 2 spp. was in winter when individuals on the unimproved area at Newsholme ate a higher proportion of tussock grasses and less low-fibre grass. Both spp. consistently selected for low-fibre grass leaf; they did not differ in their use of plant parts. The diets contained many plant spp. in common, although there were major differences in the use of several spp. The plant spp. favoured only by the wallaroo were of a higher quality than those favoured only by the grew kangaroo.
Ecology of Melomys burtoni, the Grasslnad Melomys (Rodentia : Muridae) at Cobourg Peninsula, N.T
Authors: Begg R , Walsh B , Woerle F , King S
Published: June 2005

Reproduction, population dynamics, movements, and habitat preferences of Melomys burtoni were
studied through a capture-mark-release program on Cobourg Peninsula. In 8714 trap-nights; 143
individuals were captured over 116 weeks. Breeding occurred throughout the year, with an increased
incidence during the wet season. Juveniles entered the populations over an extended period, and
recruitment was low. Resident animals tended to utilize discrete 'core-areas', and showed a clear
preference for Dense Forest dominated by Acacia aulacocarpa and a dense understorey of Pandanus
spiralis.