bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antifungal alternation can be beneficial for durability but at the cost of generalist resistance
Authors: Ballu Agathe , Despréaux Philomène , Duplaix Clémentine , Dérédec Anne , Carpentier Florence , Walker Anne-Sophie
Published: February 2023

The evolution of resistance to pesticides is a major burden in agriculture. Resistance management involves maximizing selection pressure heterogeneity, particularly by combining active ingredients with different modes of action. We tested the hypothesis that alternation may delay the build-up of resistance not only by spreading selection pressure over longer periods, but also by decreasing the rate of evolution of resistance to alternated fungicides, by applying an experimental evolution approach to the economically important crop pathogenZymoseptoria tritici. Our results show that alternation is either neutral or slows the overall resistance evolution rate, relative to continuous fungicide use, but results in higher levels of generalism in evolved lines. We demonstrate that the nature of the fungicides, and therefore their relative intrinsic risk of resistance may underly this trade-off, more so than the number of fungicides and the rhythm of alternation. This trade-off is also dynamic over the course of resistance evolution. These findings open up new possibilities for tailoring resistance management effectively while optimizing interplay between alternation components.
Plant-biomass-based hybrid seed wraps mitigate yield and post-harvest losses among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Pirzada Tahira , Affokpon Antoine , Guenther Richard H. , Mathew Reny , Agate Sachin , Blevins Aitana , Byrd Medwick V. , Sit Tim L. , Koenning Stephen R. , Davis Eric L. , Pal Lokendra , Opperman Charles H. , Khan Saad A.
Published: February 2023

Sustainable practices that reduce food loss are essential for enhancing global food security. We report a ‘wrap and plant’ seed treatment platform to protect crops from soil-borne pathogens. Developed from the abundantly available wastes of banana harvest and recycled old, corrugated cardboard boxes via chemical-free pulping, these paper-like biodegradable seed wraps exhibit tunable integrity and bioavailability of loaded moieties. These wraps were used for nematode control on yam (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) seed pieces in Benin, a major producer of this staple crop in the sub-Saharan African ‘yam belt’. Our seed wraps loaded with ultra-low-volume abamectin (1/100 ≤ commercial formulation) consistently controlled yam nematode (Scutellonema bradys) populations while considerably increasing the yield at various locations over 2015–2018. Substantial reduction in post-harvest tuber weight loss and cracking was observed after 3 and 5 months of storage, contributing to increased value, nutrition and stakeholders’ preference for the wrap and plant treatment.
Earth’s volatile depletion trend is consistent with a high-energy Moon-forming impact
Authors: Solomatova Natalia V. , Caracas Razvan
Published: February 2023

The abundance of volatile elements in the silicate Earth relative to primitive chondrites provides an important constraint on the thermochemical evolution of the planet. However, an overabundance of indium relative to elements with similar nebular condensation temperatures is a source of debate. Here we use ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to explore the vaporization behavior of indium from pyrolite melt at conditions of the early magma ocean just after the Moon-forming impact. We then compare this to the vaporization behavior of other minor elements. When considering the volatility of the elements from the magma ocean in the absence of the solar nebula gas, we find that there is no overabundance of indium. On the contrary, there is a slight deficit in the abundance of indium, which is consistent with its moderately siderophile nature. Thus, we propose that a high-energy Moon-forming impact may have had a more significant contribution to volatile depletion than previously believed.
Nano-formulations for bone-specific delivery of siRNA forCrkIIsilencing-induced regulation of bone formation and resorption to maximize therapeutic potential for bone-related diseases
Authors: Seong Semun , Vijayan Veena , Kim Jung Ha , Kim Kabsun , Kim Inyoung , Cherukula Kondareddy , Park In-Kyu , Kim Nacksung
Published: February 2023

Nano-formulatedCrkIIsiRNA improves bone microenvironmentviasimultaneous regulation of the formation and function of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
Biogenic materials for CRISPR delivery and therapeutics
Authors: Yang Kaiyong , Qian Jing , Zhang Chunli , Wang Zeyu , Huang Qiqing , Shi Gaoyu , Zhang Zhenyu , Yang Yanru , Han Xin
Published: February 2023

Biogenic materials, including viruses, bacteria, cells, and bioactive substances, are discussed for CRISPR delivery and therapeutics.
Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv.) seedlings to combined effects of polystyrene nanoparticles and tetracycline
Authors: Gao Minling , Bai Linsen , Xiao Ling , Chen Qiaoting , Fan Weijie , Song Zhengguo
Published: February 2023

The presence of PS NPs negatively influenced wheat seedlings and aggravated the damage induced by TC. Thus, the potential risk of the combined effects of PS NPs and TC on plants should be of great concern.
Electron and ion transport in semi-dilute conjugated polyelectrolytes: view from a coarse-grained tight binding model
Authors: Friday David M. , Jackson Nicholas E.
Published: February 2023

Electronic transport properties of semidilute conjugated polyelectrolytes are predicted using a quantum mechanical (QM) transport model parameterized using coarse grained (CG) morphologies derived from molecular dynamics simulations.
A UiO-66-NH2 MOF derived N doped porous carbon and ZrO2 composite cathode for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xiaoqi , Hong Hu , Yang Shuo , Bai Shengchi , Yang Rui , Jin Xu , Zhi Chunyi , Wang Bo
Published: February 2023

The N doped porous carbon and ZrO2 composite (NC@ZrO2) with a synergistic pseudocapacitive effect provides abundant active sites for zinc ions and favors fast ion diffusion, ensuring remarkable rate performance and long cycling stability.
Cytochrome P450 metabolism studies of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, and [10]-gingerol by liver microsomes of humans and different species combined with expressed CYP enzymes
Authors: Chen Chanjuan , Chen Xintong , Mo Qingmei , Liu Jie , Yao Xinsheng , Di Xin , Qin Zifei , He Liangliang , Yao Zhihong
Published: February 2023

Cytochrome P450 metabolism characteristics of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, and [10]-gingerol.
CeO2@NH2 functionalized electrodes for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain
Authors: Triastuti Ayu , Zakiyyah Salma Nur , Gaffar Shabarni , Anshori Isa , Surawijaya Akhmadi , Hidayat Darmawan , Wiraswati Hesti Lina , Yusuf Muhammad , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni
Published: February 2023

A detection method based on an electrochemical aptasensor has been developed as an alternative fast, portable, simple, inexpensive, and high-accuracy detection method for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain (spike RBD).
Black Sea gas hydrates: safe long terms storage of CO2 with environmentally friendly energy production
Authors: Kvamme Bjørn , Vasilev Atanas
Published: February 2023

Safe long terms storage of CO2 in the form of hydrate with associated energy production from hydrate reservoirs is an attractive concept.
Nanoporous semi-cycloaliphatic polyaminal networks for capture of SO2, NH3, and I2
Authors: Yan Jun , Tong Sihan , Sun Haiyu , Guo Shengwei
Published: February 2023

Two nanoporous semi-cycloaliphatic polyaminal networks (sPANs) show promising applications for capturing toxic gases and contaminants because of remarkably high uptakes of SO2, NH3, and I2.
Intrinsic vs. extrinsic STE emission enhancement in ns2 ion doped metal (Cd, In) halide hybrids
Authors: Das Deep Kumar , Bakthavatsalam Rangarajan , Hathwar Venkatesha R. , Pallepogu Raghavaiah , Kundu Janardan
Published: February 2023

Enhanced broadband emission in ns2 metal ion (Sb3+) doped metal (Cd, In) halide hybrids originates from dopant extrinsic STEs (and not the host emission) with PLQY controlled through the dopant amount in host structure reaching near unity.
Spin-polarization anisotropy controlled by bending in tungsten diselenide nanoribbons and tunable excitonic states
Authors: Tang Hong , Neupane Santosh , Yin Li , Breslin Jason M. , Ruzsinszky Adrienn
Published: February 2023

Bending induces the spatial variation of the spin-polarization and the modulation of the spin configuration in the exciton states in the WSe2 nanoribbons, applicable for controlled spintronics and optoelectronics.
Correction: Liquid crystal random lasers
Authors: Qu Guangyin , Zhang Xiaojuan , Li Siqi , Lu Liang , Gao Jiangang , Yu Benli , Wu Si , Zhang Qijin , Hu Zhijia
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Liquid crystal random lasers’ by Guangyin Qu et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 48–63, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP02859J.
Combination of changeable π-conjugation and hydrophilic groups for developing water-soluble small-molecule NIR-II fluorogenic probes
Authors: Zhang Xiaofan , Shen Shili , Liu Diankai , Li Xiaohua , Shi Wen , Ma Huimin
Published: February 2023

By combining changeable π-conjugation and hydrophilic groups, we proposed a strategy for developing water-soluble NIR-II fluorogenic probes.
Phonological and Articulatory Deficits in the Production of Novel Signs in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Goffman Lisa , Factor Laiah , Barna Mitchell , Cai Fuwen , Feld Ilana
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Sign language, like spoken language, incorporates phonological and articulatory (or motor) processing components. Thus, the learning of novel signs, like novel spoken word forms, may be problematic for children with developmental language disorder (DLD). In the present work, we hypothesize that phonological and articulatory deficits in novel sign repetition and learning would differentiate preschool-age children with DLD from their typical peers.

Method:

Children with DLD (
n
= 34; aged 4–5 years) and their age-matched typical peers (
n
= 21) participated. Children were exposed to four novel signs, all iconic, but only two linked to a visual referent. Children imitatively produced these novel signs multiple times. We obtained measures of phonological accuracy and articulatory motion stability as well as of learning of the associated visual referent.

Results:

Children with DLD showed an increased number of phonological feature (i.e., handshape, path, and orientation of the hands) errors when compared with their typical peers. While articulatory variability did not overall differentiate children with DLD from typical peers, children with DLD showed instability in one novel sign that obligated bimanual oppositional movement. Semantic aspects of novel sign learning were unaffected in children with DLD.

Conclusions:

Deficits that have been documented in phonological organization of spoken words in children with DLD are also evident in the manual domain. Analyses of hand motion variability suggest that children with DLD do not show a generalized motor deficit, but one that is restricted to the implementation of coordinated and sequential hand motion.
Relationship Characteristics of Human Development and Its Footprint in the Loess Plateau Based on Decoupling Model
Authors: Dang X.H. , Wang W.G.
Published: February 2023

With the rapid economic and social development of the Loess Plateau, the human development index has continued to improve while the ecological footprint of human beings has continued to increase. This paper aims to understand the feedbacks between the HDI and ecological footprint, and to analyse the changes in the correlation patterns between the two driven by economic development, in order to provide theoretical support for the synergistic pathways between human development and ecological conservation on the Loess Plateau. Based on quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal changes in the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, and human development index of the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2020, this paper applies a decoupling model to reveal the decoupling relationship and patterns between the ecological footprint and the human development index. The results show that: (1) the ecological carrying capacity of the Loess Plateau is smaller than the ecological footprint (i.e., in an ecological deficit) from 2000 to 2020, with the deficit increasing from 0.18ghm2/person in 2000 to 0.66ghm2/person in 2020, and the overall ecological deficit of the hinterland of the Loess Plateau is significantly smaller than that of the northwest and southeast. (2) The human development index of the Loess Plateau increased from 0.54 to 0.75 from 2000 to 2020, with rapid progress in human society and a higher level of human development in the hinterland than in the surrounding areas. (3) The relationship between the ecological footprint of the Loess Plateau and the Human Development Index has undergone a transformation process from “expansionary negative decoupling - weak decoupling strong - decoupling”. That is, the ecological resources consumed are less to support a higher level of human development, and the ecological pressure on human social development tends to decrease. The pressure on human and social development tends to decrease, and the two tend to maintain a “strong decoupling”.
Risk assessment for hazardous waste storage site material aging and groundwater contamination
Authors: Zhang Luyu , Nai Changxin , Xu Ya , Xiang Rui
Published: February 2023

Storage sites are the main sites for solid waste storage and also involve environmental pollution risks, but the aging of geomembrane materials and the evolution of defects in hazardous waste storage yards in service environment, which may lead to long-term increase in leakage and sudden increase in pollution risks, have received less attention from scholars. Taking a hazardous waste storage site in northern China (the main solid waste is cadmium-containing slag) as an example, the geomembrane damage characteristics (vulnerability density) and aging characteristics (aging onset time and half-life) were obtained through on-site dipole testing and laboratory geomembrane performance assessment. On the basis of this, we used a hydrological process assessment model (HELP) to simulate the rainfall-evaporation-runoff-infiltration and leachate generation processes under regional scale conditions, and a landfill groundwater contamination risk simulation model (Landsim) to simulate the lateral discharge-leakage processes inside the storage site and the migration-diffusion behavior in the saturated-unsaturated zone after leakage under the aging and defect evolution of geomembrane materials.
Analysis on the Evolution, Causes, and Countermeasures of Urban Haze Components in Beijing
Authors: Zhang Xiaobin , Yu Bo
Published: February 2023

Based on the results of PM2.5 sources analysis, this paper analyzes the component evolution, formation causes, and governance countermeasures of urban haze in Beijing. The proportion of coal burned in sources of PM2.5 in Beijing has gradually declined, and motor vehicle exhaust has become the largest source of pollution. The formation of haze pollution in Beijing is related to the change in energy structure, the increase in the number of motor vehicles, the increase of urban construction area, and the cross-regional transmission of pollutants in Hebei, Tianjin, and other places. Beijing’s urban haze control measures include reducing vehicle emissions, optimizing industrial structure, adjusting energy structure, building an eco-city, and implementing cross-regional coordinated governance.
Research on Thermal and Humidity Environment of Cultural Relics Exhibition Room
Authors: Yu Wenhong , Liu Qinghua , Wang Kuan , Zhao Yue
Published: February 2023

In order to meet the needs of humanistic education, museum buildings have developed vigorously in recent years. The protection and display of cultural relics is an effective way to continue historical information, which has important social and cultural significance. During the design and operation of the building air conditioning system, both the thermal and humidity environment of the cultural relics exhibition room should be responsible for the safety of the displayed cultural relics and the thermal comfort of visitors should be considered. In this paper, the indoor thermal and humidity environment of a cultural relic exhibition room in Beijing was measured, and the indoor air velocity distribution and temperature and humidity distribution were obtained. The results show that the thermal and humidity environment of the cultural relics exhibition room is better, but the indoor temperature of the exhibition room is lower, which still has great energy saving potential. It needs to be improved in the future engineering practice to achieve double optimization of comfort and energy saving effect. In order to achieve accurate control of the indoor thermal and humidity environment of the cultural relics exhibition room, we built a data collection for thermal environment parameters and air quality, which is used for monitoring and data collection of the cultural relics exhibition room.
Gas Overrun Risk Assessment in Coal Mining Face Based on Fuzzy Bayesian Network
Authors: Yang Shouguo , Huang Ruming , Liu Haoxing , Li Jalin , Zhang Xiaofei , Ning Xu
Published: February 2023

A risk assessment technology based on a fuzzy Bayesian network is proposed to improve the degree of gas control management in the coal mining face and avoid gas overrun. Five characteristics of the coal mining working face, i.e., geological structure, ventilation conditions, gas extraction, mining activities, and coal mine management affecting the coal mining working face, were examined for 17 risk variables and a gas overrun assessment model was created. A priori information and sample data indicate that there is a 3% chance of gas overflow. The reverse reasoning test found that the main reasons for gas overrun were unreported gas anomalies, ventilation modes, gas content in coal seams, goaf extraction volume, and coal mining rate in coal mining face. The research results show that the approach can assess the risk of gas overflow in coal mining face.
Research on China’s Renewable Energy Policy System Under the Background of “Dual Carbon”
Authors: Ma Jie , Huang Silan
Published: February 2023

In order to promote the development and utilization of renewable energy and improve the energy structure, China has issued a series of energy industry policies. Although China’s renewable energy development has achieved remarkable results, the current level of renewable energy development is still far from achieving the “dual carbon” goals. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the existing energy policy system and further promote the development of renewable energy in China. Based on the evolution path of China’s renewable energy policy, this paper grasps the impact mechanism of renewable energy policy on the “dual carbon” goals, and analyzes and compares the policy differences between China and other countries. In view of the shortcomings of China’s current system policies, this paper puts forward suggestions for improvement, in order to help achieve the “dual carbon” goals.
Operation Energy Saving of Fan-Coil Unit based on Auto-counting of People Number
Authors: Yu Wenhong , Wu Jianxin , Wang Kuan , Zhao Yue
Published: February 2023

In the current context of “peak carbon emissions and carbon neutral”, today’s society has put forward higher requirements for reducing building energy consumption. Therefore, to address the problems of high energy consumption and poor comfort of central air conditioning system in large public buildings, this paper proposes an energy-saving control method for fan coil unit based on auto-counting of people number to reduce the operating energy consumption of air conditioning system as much as possible while meeting the comfort of indoor personnel. It is concluded that the operation strategy can effectively reduce the operational energy consumption of the air conditioning system by 20%. It is applicable to the central air conditioning system of public buildings with large changes in the number of people, and has certain application prospects.
Research on energy conservation in the hotel industry under Macau’s dependence on external energy
Authors: Fan Jiayue , Liu Jiacheng , Chen Yile
Published: February 2023

The Macau Special Administrative Region has a special urban form. It is located on the coast of the Pearl River Delta, with a land area of only 33.6 square kilometers. The population living here is close to 700,000. It is the region with the highest population density in the world, and its energy mainly depends on imports. With the new coronavirus epidemic, Macau’s tourism industry has been hit hard, and energy expenditures have risen with changes in the international situation. As an important economic support industry in Macau, the energy conservation development of the hotel industry is extremely important. Since 2007, Macau has launched “The Macau Energy Conservation Week, in conjunction with many departments and tourism companies in Macau, and the establishment of the Macau Green Hotel Award in the same year, have had a profound impact on Macau’s energy consumption savings and improved the efficiency of Macau’s hotel industry in terms of energy use. In pursuit of the goal of carbon peaking, the hotel industry in Macau has generally passed the ISO 50001:2018 Energy Management System (EnMS) certification, and most hotels have exceeded the Energy Use Intensity standard assessed by the Cornell Hotel Sustainability Benchmarking Index. Under the concept of green energy and other concepts, the hotel industry in Macau has now begun to use renewable energy for hotel use. Top hotels in Macau decreased by an average of 23.6% in 2021. After the return of Macau’s sovereignty, Macau’s unique political attributes and urban characteristics have different standards for the energy use of the entire industry and the characteristics of laws and regulations, which make it have different standards from mainland China. Based on preliminary research on the energy saving and environmental protection of the hotel industry in Macau, this research collects statistics on the energy saving data of the hotel industry and finally proposes improvements based on the energy utilization and environmental protection of the Macau Special Administrative Region and similar coastal peninsula cities.
Application of D-S Evidence Theory in Marine Environmental Security Posture Assessment
Authors: Yu Yin , Li Yun , Xiao Feng , Zhou Fang
Published: February 2023

In the past, in geological exploration, marine development and offshore safety management, we have realized that the development and damage to the marine environment are very serious and important. While technology has improved rapidly over the years, the marine environment is changing faster than geological exploration, development and management. We must ensure the safety of hydrographic, meteorological conditions and sea wind weather forecasting. Due to the limitations of geological exploration techniques and methods, many problems are difficult to deal with or unpredictable when analyzing the factors that affect the management of the marine environment. Therefore, we need to solve these problems by some new means.
Research on the Application of Vacuum Freeze-drying Technology for Food
Authors: Li Guangpeng , Wang Qi , Zhou Hengchao
Published: February 2023

Vacuum freeze-drying technology is the best way to preserve the quality of food at present, which can maintain the nutrition and flavor of food to the maximum extent. It has the characteristics of being green, convenient, and nutritious. This paper analyses the principle of vacuum freeze-drying technology and introduces its application in the processing of fruits and vegetables, meat food, aquatic products, and drinks, discusses the four operation processes of pre-treatment, pre-freezing, freeze-drying, and post-treatment, and finally summarizes the existing problems, deficiencies and development prospects.
Quality Inspection Methods and Case Studies on Thematic Natural Resources Survey and Monitoring Results
Authors: Chen Chunxi , Yin Su , Gao Wenchao , Tu Hongjing , Bai Jin , Dong Shuai
Published: February 2023

The thematic survey and monitoring results of natural resources (TMR) provide scientific, detailed and reliable data support for government management departments to grasp the overall situation, reflect the society and people’s lives. Therefore, product quality for TMR is a major concern of outcome producers and users. This paper discusses the quality evaluation model and test method of TMR, and summarizes and proposes methods to improve the quality of the results by examining the quality of different TMR.
Control Strategy and Economic Benefit Analysis of Wind Turbine Blade Replacement
Authors: Yang Kaijun , Ai Fengjun , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: February 2023

This paper takes a 1.5 MW wind turbine wind farm in Jilin province as an example. It analyzes the improvement of blade lengthening in wind turbine power generation by optimizing control strategy and adopting intelligent control technology. And it compares the economic benefits of replacing 82 blades and 89 blades and provides a theoretical and practical basis for blade lengthening transformation of other wind farms.
Application Analysis of Dynamic Ice Slurry System in Precooling of Fruit and Vegetable
Authors: Li Guangpeng , Wang Qi , Xu Qinhua
Published: February 2023

Ice slurry precooling technology is a preservation technology that has unique advantages in the preservation of fruits and vegetables. It can make fruits and vegetables quickly drop to a suitable storage temperature. This paper summarizes the preparation methods of ice slurry, including the wall scraping method, undercooling method, vacuum method, fluidized bed method, and direct contact method. The wall scraping method, which has been widely used in industry and commerce, is the main method to design the dynamic ice slurry system between the buffer of fruit and vegetable air conditioning storehouse. Finally, this paper summarizes the characteristics and application of ice slurry precooling and makes a summary and prospect.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C.
Published: February 2023

obwohl der erste Monat schon vorbei ist, wünschen wir, das sind das Editorial
Team mit Herrn Prof. Christian Sina und Frau Anna Schweinlin, und das Thieme-Team,
alles Gute zum Neuen Jahr! Zum Neuen Jahr haben wir das Editorial Board erneuert und
vor allem verjüngt, ich darf alle Neuen willkommen heißen:
Wertschätzung ist mehr als Lob – Wertschätzung
Authors: Holtmeier Lisa
Published: February 2023

Hand aufs Herz: Wünschen Sie sich manchmal ein wenig mehr Wertschätzung? Von den Klient*innen und Teamkolleg*innen, von der Gesellschaft, den Mitarbeitenden, von der kaufmännischen Abteilung oder anderen Personen? Wertschätzung ist eine oft unterschätzte Teambuilding-Maßnahme und Gesundheitsförderung in einem. Welche Säulen der Wertschätzung es gibt, wie Wertschätzung auf Ihre Gesundheit wirkt und wie Sie mehr davon in Ihren Alltag etablieren, erfahren Sie hier.
„Widersprüchliche Botschaften wie ‚Seien Sie aktiv, aber passen Sie auf‘ sind kontraproduktiv“ – Interview mit Prof. Dr. Julia Glombiewski zur Expositionstherapie
Authors: Köhler Elisa
Published: February 2023

Viele Patient*innen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen haben Angst vor Schmerzen oder befürchten weitere Schäden, wenn sie bestimmte Bewegungen ausführen. Seit Jahren erforscht Julia Glombiewski die Effektivität von psychologischen Therapien bei diesen Menschen. Die Professorin für Klinische Psychologie sucht den Ausweg aus dem Teufelskreis des Angstvermeidungsverhaltens. Mit physiopraxis sprach sie über die Expositionstherapie.
Mit Viel Leidenschaft und Kampfgeist – Leistungssport mit Handicap
Authors: Hügler Stephanie
Published: February 2023

Als Physiotherapeutin im Para-Snowboard zu arbeiten, ist ziemlich ungewöhnlich – macht viel Spaß und fordert immer wieder heraus. Denn ein Arbeiten nach Lehrbuch ist dort nicht möglich.
Doctor ex machina: Zur potenziellen Rolle der Telemedizin in der
Perinatologie
Authors: Singer Dominique
Published: February 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

in den vergangenen Jahren hat, bedingt durch die von der Corona-Pandemie
ausgelösten Kontaktbeschränkungen, die digitale Kommunikation einen
unerwarteten Aufschwung genommen. Dies gilt nicht nur für zahlreiche
geschäftliche Konferenzen, die plötzlich am Bildschirm, mitunter
sogar vom heimischen Wohnzimmertisch aus, bestritten wurden. Es bezieht sich auch
auf ärztliche Konsultationen, die vielfach online stattfanden, um den
Patient*innen die Anfahrt mit öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln und den
Aufenthalt in überfüllten Warteräumen zu ersparen. Ein Fazit
dieser unverhofften und nicht ganz freiwilligen Testphase ist, dass sich viele
Routine-Meetings erstaunlich gut – nicht nur zeitsparender, sondern manchmal
sogar fokussierter – in virtueller Form abhalten lassen. Es hat sich aber
auch gezeigt, dass der Knüpfung persönlicher Kontakte und der
Gewinnung praktischer Eindrücke ohne physische Präsenz enge Grenzen
gesetzt sind. Das Gleiche dürfte mutatis mutandis für die
Telemedizin gelten, sodass das zentrale Problem weniger deren technische Machbarkeit
als vielmehr ihr adäquater Einsatzbereich ist. Ein potenzieller
Einsatzbereich, der in diesem und im nächsten Heft der Zeitschrift
für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie (ZGN) am Beispiel eines
ostsächsischen Modellprojekts vorgestellt wird, ist die Sicherstellung einer
hochqualitativen perinatologischen Versorgung in einer bevölkerungsarmen und
strukturschwachen Region. Die denkbaren Kontroversen liegen auf der Hand: Sie
dürften sich um die Fragen drehen, inwieweit fehlende geburtshilfliche oder
neonatologische Expertise vor Ort durch einen „Doctor ex machina“
substituiert werden kann; und ob die telemedizinische Beratung nicht ein
„Verrat“ an der Idee ist, Risikoschwangere in Perinatalzentren zu
betreuen. Oder ob die Telemedizin nicht im Gegenteil gerade dabei helfen kann, eine
sinnvoll abgestufte perinatologische Versorgungsstruktur (vom übergeordneten
Perinatalzentrum bis hin zur wohnortnahen Geburtshilfe) aufzubauen. Zu dieser
spannenden Diskussion kann das hier beschriebene Modellprojekt einen wichtigen Input
geben.
X-Ray Protective Aprons Re-Evaluated
Authors: Eder Heinrich
Published: February 2023

Background The evaluation of the protective effect of X-ray protective clothing requires new criteria. The current concept assumes more or less uniform covering of the torso with protective material. The frequently worn heavy wrap-around aprons can weigh 7 to 8 kg. As relevant studies show, orthopedic damage can result from long-term activity. It should therefore be investigated whether the apron weight can be reduced by optimizing the material distribution. For a radiobiological evaluation of the protective effect, the “effective dose” should be used.

Methods Numerous laboratory measurements were performed with an Alderson Rando phantom as well as dose measurements on clinical personnel. The measurements were supplemented by Monte Carlo simulation of an interventional workplace in which a female ICRP reference phantom was used for the operator. The measured back doses on the Alderson phantom as well as the measured back doses at interventional workplaces were based on the personal equivalent dose Hp(10). Monte Carlo simulations were used to introduce protection factors for the protective clothing based on the “effective dose” introduced in radiation protection.

Results Back doses in clinical radiology personnel are largely negligible. Therefore, back protection can be much lower than currently used or can even be eliminated. The Monte Carlo simulations show that the protective effect of protective aprons worn on the body is higher than when the flat protective material is radiated through (3 D effect). About 80 % of the effective dose is attributed to the body region from the gonads to the chest. By additional shielding of this area, the effective dose can be lowered or, optionally, aprons with less weight can be produced. Attention must also be paid to the “radiation leaks” (upper arms, neck, skull), which can reduce the whole-body protective effect.

Conclusion In the future, the evaluation of the protective effect of X-ray protective clothing should be based on the effective dose. For this purpose, effective dose-based protection factors could be introduced, while the lead equivalent should be used for measurement purposes only. If the results are implemented, protective aprons with approx. 40 % less weight can be produced with a comparable protective effect.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Sicher navigieren – Postoperative Behandlung der Skaphoidfraktur
Authors: Zumhasch Rainer , Paries Cornelia
Published: February 2023

Zur therapeutischen Behandlung der Skaphoidfraktur findet sich in der Fachliteratur nur wenig. Vorhandene Studien beziehen sich meist auf die Operationsmethoden. Wenn die Nachbehandlung Erwähnung findet, sind die Angaben oft allgemein gehalten. Und selbst in therapeutischer Literatur gibt es kaum konkrete Behandlungsempfehlungen. Der Artikel verknüpft die wichtigsten Punkte aus Literatur und Erfahrungswerten.
Improving Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Discharge Timeliness of Infants with Bronchiolitis Using Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Martin Blake , Mulhern Brendan , Majors Melissa , Rolison Elise , McCombs Tiffany , Smith Grant , Fisher Colin , Diaz Elizabeth , Downen Dana , Brittan Mark
Published: February 2023

Background Identifying children ready for transfer out of the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is an area that may benefit from clinical decision support (CDS). We previously implemented a quality improvement (QI) initiative to accelerate the transfer evaluation of non–medically complex PICU patients with viral bronchiolitis receiving floor-appropriate respiratory support.

Objectives Design a CDS tool adaptation of this QI initiative to further accelerate transfer evaluation of appropriate patients.

Methods The original initiative focused on identifying for transfer evaluation otherwise healthy children admitted to the PICU with bronchiolitis who had been receiving floor-appropriate levels of respiratory support for at least 6 hours. However, this initiative required that clinicians manually track the respiratory support of qualifying patients. We designed an electronic health record (EHR)–based CDS tool to automate identification of transfer-ready candidates. The tool parses EHR data to identify children meeting prior QI initiative criteria and alerts clinicians to assess transfer readiness once a child has been receiving floor-appropriate respiratory support for 6 hours. We compared time from reaching floor-appropriate support to placement of the transfer order (“time-to-transfer”), PICU length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS between patients admitted prior to our QI initiative (December 1, 2018–October 19, 2019, “pre-QI phase”), during the initiative but before CDS tool implementation (October 20, 2019–February 7, 2022, “QI phase”), and after CDS implementation (February 8–November 11, 2022, “CDS phase”).

Results CDS-phase patients (n = 131) had a shorter median time-to-transfer of 5.23 (interquartile range [IQR], 3.38–10.0) hours compared with QI-phase patients (n = 304) at 5.93 (IQR, 4.23–12.2) hours (p = 0.04). PICU and hospital LOS values decreased from the pre-QI (n = 150) to QI phase. Though LOS reductions were sustained during the CDS phase, further reductions from QI to CDS phase were not statistically significant.

Conclusion An EHR-based CDS adaptation of a prior QI initiative facilitated timely identification of PICU patients with bronchiolitis ready for transfer evaluation. Such tools might allow PICU clinicians to focus on other high-acuity tasks while accelerating transfer evaluation of appropriate patients.
Numerical model maps mechanics of complex biofilms
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: February 2023

Dissipative particle dynamics can help forecast rheological behaviors of potentially harmful bacteria-covered surfaces
Quarter-wavelength E‖H Beltrami cavity resonators
Authors: Mochizuki Ryo , Shinohara Naoki , Sanada Atsushi
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we present the design and implementation methods of quarter-wavelength resonators accommodating Beltrami standing waves with parallel electric and magnetic (E‖H) fields. The resonator is bounded by the quarter-wavelength longitudinal electromagnetic conductor (LEMC), the circumferential electromagnetic conductor (CMEC), and the radial electromagnetic conductor (REMC). The LEMC, CEMC, and REMC boundaries are artificially implemented by the circumferentially aligned corrugation, concentrically aligned circular fins, and axisymmetrically aligned radial fins, respectively. The coupling control methods by introducing slots in the CEMC and REMC with the external TM01 and TE01 circular waveguides are presented. We design the quarter-wavelength resonators with the implemented LEMC, CEMC, and REMC boundaries with controlled external couplings and numerically demonstrate their E‖H properties, which confirms the validity of the proposed design method.
The aquatic ecological health-state assessment and the influencing mechanism of Poyang Lake
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Li Bing , Zhu Hongyun , Yang Guishan , Cai Yongjiu , Wan Rongrong , Wang Xiaolei
Published: February 2023

Context Freshwater lakes are still facing a series of problems, e.g. a decline in water quality, and a decrease in biodiversity. Thus, assessing the state of aquatic ecological health of the lake has drawn widespread attention from scholars both at home and abroad. Aims This study aims to assess the state of aquatic ecological health of Poyang Lake and analyse the influencing factors. Methods The long-term (2007–2018) site-monitoring data were analysed on the basis of the extension–evaluation method and correlation-analysis method. Key results The results showed that the aquatic ecological health was mainly ‘good’, and remarkable seasonal differences were observed. The seasonal order of relative aquatic ecological health could be expressed as the wet season being better than the dry season, whereas the rising season was similar to the retreating season. And the pollutant discharged into the lake was found to be the key factor, and the hydrological conditions led to seasonal differences in the state of aquatic ecological health of Poyang Lake. Conclusions Consequently, scholars and policymakers should focus on both nutrient concentrations and hydrological conditions, which are the key factors influencing the aquatic ecological health of Poyang Lake. Implications The results of this study have provided a theoretical and practical basis of the causes of ecological deterioration and should help with ecological-health protection of the large lakes connected with the Yangtze River.
Homozygous Ser-1 to Pro-1 mutation in parathyroid hormone identified in hypocalcemic patients results in secretion of a biologically inactive pro-hormone
Authors: Hanna Patrick , Khatri Ashok , Choi Shawn , Brabant Severine , Gild Matti L. , Piketty Marie L. , Francou Bruno , Prié Dominique , Potts John T. , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J. , Linglart Agnès , Gardella Thomas J. , Jüppner Harald
Published: February 2023

Like other secreted peptides, nascent parathyroid hormone (PTH) is synthesized with a pre- and a pro-sequence (25 and 6 amino acids, respectively). These precursor segments are sequentially removed in parathyroid cells before packaging into secretory granules. Three patients from two unrelated families who presented during infancy with symptomatic hypocalcemia were found to have a homozygous serine (S) to proline (P) change affecting the first amino acid of the mature PTH. Unexpectedly, biological activity of synthetic [P1]PTH(1-34) was indistinguishable from that of unmodified [S1]PTH(1-34). However, in contrast to conditioned medium from COS-7 cells expressing prepro[S1]PTH(1-84), medium from cells expressing prepro[P1]PTH(1-84) failed to stimulate cAMP production despite similar PTH levels when measured by an intact assay that detects PTH(1-84) and large amino-terminally truncated fragments thereof. Analysis of the secreted, but inactive PTH variant led to the identification of pro[P1]PTH(−6 to +84). Synthetic pro[P1]PTH(−6 to +34) and pro[S1]PTH(−6 to +34) had much less bioactivity than the corresponding PTH(1-34) analogs. Unlike pro[S1]PTH(−6 to +34), pro[P1]PTH(−6 to +34) was resistant to cleavage by furin suggesting that the amino acid variant impairs preproPTH processing. Consistent with this conclusion, plasma of patients with the homozygous P1 mutation had elevated proPTH levels, as determined with an in-house assay specific for pro[P1]PTH(−6 to +84). In fact, a large fraction of PTH detected by the commercial intact assay represented the secreted pro[P1]PTH. In contrast, two commercial biointact assays that use antibodies directed against the first few amino acid residues of PTH(1-84) for capture or detection failed to detect pro[P1]PTH.
Porous Carbon Nanosheets for Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Zn-Air Batteries
Authors: Samad Shahzeb Ali , Fang Ziyu , Shi Pengfei , Zhu Jinhui , Lu Chenbao , Su Yuezeng , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: February 2023

Zn-air batteries are a promising source of renewable energy for portable electronic devices and automobiles because of low-cost and high energy density. The efficiency of Zn-air batteries significantly rely on the oxygen reduction reaction in air cathode, development of efficient electrochemical catalysts is kindly important. In the past decade, inspired by graphene, porous carbon nanosheets have been widely developed and studied in the field of energy conversion and storage due to their adjustable structure, good and long-distance conductivity, rich porosity and abundant active sites, as well as excellent performance. In this review, various rational preparation methods towards porous carbon nanosheet-based catalysts are summarized. Then, the catalytic active sites in porous carbon nanosheets are classified, and the relationship between performance and active sites are discussed. At the end of this review, the challenges and future prospects for rational development of two-dimensional porous carbon-based electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction catalysts as air cathode for Zn-air batteries are discussed. This review will give guideline for the development of novel porous carbon-based materials for energy conversion and storage.
Analogy and dissimilarity of excitons in monolayer and bilayer of MoSe2
Authors: Kipczak Lucja , Slobodeniuk Artur O. , Woźniak Tomasz , Bhatnagar Mukul , Zawadzka Natalia , Pucko Katarzyna Olkowska , Grzeszczyk Magdalena Joanna , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Babinski A , Molas Maciej
Published: February 2023

Excitons in thin layers of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides are highly subject to the strongly modified Coulomb electron-hole interaction in these materials. Therefore, they do not follow the model system of a two-dimensional hydrogen atom. We investigate experimentally and theoretically excitonic properties in both the monolayer (ML) and the bilayer (BL) of MoSe2 encapsulated in hexagonal BN. The measured magnetic field evolutions of the reflectance contrast spectra of the MoSe2 ML and BL allow us to determine g-factors of intralayer A and B excitons, as well as the g-factors of the interlayer exciton. We explain the dependence of g-factors on the number of layers and excitation state can be explained using first principles calculations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the experimentally measured ladder of excitonic s states in the ML can be reproduced using the k·p approach with the Rytova-Keldysh potential that describes the electron-hole interaction. In contrast, the analogous calculation for the BL case require taking into account the out-of-plane dielectric response of the MoSe2 BL.
Monaural cardiopulmonary sound separation via complex-valued deep autoencoder and cyclostationarity
Authors: Yang Chunjian , Hu Nan , Xu Dongyang , Wang Zhi , Cai Shengsheng
Published: February 2023

Objective. Cardiopulmonary auscultation is promising to get smart due to the emerging of electronic stethoscopes. Cardiac and lung sounds often appear mixed at both time and frequency domain, hence deteriorating the auscultation quality and the further diagnosis performance. The conventional cardiopulmonary sound separation methods may be challenged by the diversity in cardiac/lung sounds. In this study, the data-driven feature learning advantage of deep autoencoder and the common quasi-cyclostationarity characteristic are exploited for monaural separation. Approach. Different from most of the existing separation methods that only handle the amplitude of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) spectrum, a complex-valued U-net (CUnet) with deep autoencoder structure, is built to fully exploit both the amplitude and phase information. As a common characteristic of cardiopulmonary sounds, quasi-cyclostationarity of cardiac sound is involved in the loss function for training. Main results. In experiments to separate cardiac/lung sounds for heart valve disorder auscultation, the averaged achieved signal distortion ratio (SDR), signal interference ratio (SIR), and signal artifact ratio (SAR) in cardiac sounds are 7.84 dB, 21.72 dB, and 8.06 dB, respectively. The detection accuracy of aortic stenosis can be raised from 92.21% to 97.90%. Significance. The proposed method can promote the cardiopulmonary sound separation performance, and may improve the detection accuracy for cardiopulmonary diseases.
Massively parallel fitting of Gaussian approximation potentials
Authors: Klawohn Sascha , Kermode James R , Bartók Albert P
Published: February 2023

We present a data-parallel software package for fitting Gaussian approximation potentials (GAPs) on multiple nodes using the ScaLAPACK library with MPI and OpenMP. Until now the maximum training set size for GAP models has been limited by the available memory on a single compute node. In our new implementation, descriptor evaluation is carried out in parallel with no communication requirement. The subsequent linear solve required to determine the model coefficients is parallelised with ScaLAPACK. Our approach scales to thousands of cores, lifting the memory limitation and also delivering substantial speedups. This development expands the applicability of the GAP approach to more complex systems as well as opening up opportunities for efficiently embedding GAP model fitting within higher-level workflows such as committee models or hyperparameter optimisation.
Plasma assisted approaches toward high quality transferred synthetic graphene for electronics
Authors: Wang Yibo , Wang Huishan , Jiang Chengxin , Chen Xipin , Chen Chen , Kong Ziqiang , Wang Haomin
Published: February 2023

Graphene has received much attention in multiple fields due to its unique physical and electrical properties, especially in the microelectronic application. Nowadays, graphene can be catalytically produced on active substrates by chemical vapor deposition and then transferred to the target substrates. However, the widely used wet transfer technique often causes inevitable structural damage and surface contamination to the synthetic CVD graphene, thus hindering its application in high-performance devices. There have been numerous reviews on graphene growth and transfer techniques. Thus, this review is not intended to be comprehensive; instead, we focus on the advanced plasma treatment, which may play an important role in the quality improvement throughout the growth and transfer of graphene. Promising pathways for future applications are also provided.