bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative Concentrations of Amino Acids in the Exoskeleton of Male and Female Neopetrolisthes Maculatus
Authors:   Department of Chemistry (Analytical Chemistry Unit), Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, EI Adeyeye , OT Idowu ,   Department of Chemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, AF Akinsola ,   Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, AM Olatunya ,   Department of Chemistry (Analytical Chemistry Unit), Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, OK Popoola ,   Department of Chemistry (Analytical Chemistry Unit), Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, O Ayodele ,   Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, AY Gbolagade ,   Central Laboratory, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Published: November 2021

Amino acid levels in the exoskeleton of the heterosexual samples of Neopetrolisthes maculatus were evaluated. Twenty parameters were reported on; 13 of these values were greater in the female than the male (i.e. 13/20 or 65.0%). Values in female > male were observed in Val, Thr, Lys, Met, Phe, Trp, Gly, Ala, Asp, Arg, Cys, total amino acids and protein. The variations between the male and female amino acid values were low having coefficient of variation percent range of 0.0579-16.9. The amino acid levels were significantly different between the heterosexuals at r=0.01. Limiting amino acids on the various scoring standards were egg (Cys=0.3172 and 0.3511), provisional essential amino acid scoring pattern (Lys = 0.4145 and 0.4746), preschool child requirements (Lys =0.3930 and 0.4501) and all the three scores were significantly different at r=0.01. The EAAI1 (compared to soybean) were 1.18 (male) and 1.16 (female), EAAI2 (compared to egg) were 88.5 (male) and 88.3 (female); their corresponding BV were 84.7 and 84.5. P-PER1 range was 1.86 (male) - 1.24 (female) and P-PER2 range was 2.02 (male) - 1.41 (female). Total EAA was 37.7g/100g protein (male) and 37.0g/100g protein (female). In the estimates of amino acid requirements of school boys at ages 10-12years (mg/kg/day), male exoskeleton would provide more than the requirement in Phe + Tyr (186%), Trp (25.8%) and Val (48.1%) whereas in female the following were higher than the standards: Phe + Tyr (218%), Thr (8.86%), Trp (35.0%), Val (61.6%) and TEAAs (4.01%)
Breakfast Preferences in Urban India: A Sensory and Consumer Perspective
Authors:   Food Process Technologist and CEO, Dhirang Consultants, Mumbai, Vora Jyoti D , Dubey Anuradha Pandey ,   Research Associate,Dhirang consultants, Mumbai
Published: November 2021

Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. The consumption of a good breakfast is considered to kick metabolism and boosts energy levels in the body. In Urban India the socio-cultural situation is in a transit mode where people are not thinking about just having a breakfast but a healthier and wellfortified nutritious breakfast which is preferred. The study of this project is to analyse the type and preferences of breakfast that an Urban Indian familyhaves owing to the paucity of time, health benefits and many other factors. This study additionally aims at analysing the choices of ready to eat food productsover traditional home made food. It highlights the use of branded ready to eat food products like MTR foods, its availability, its marketing standards, public reviews about its variety of food products and some suggestive measures for improving on some of the marketing strategies
Surgical and Orthodontic Treatment of Impaction Maxillary Central Incisor Associated With Supernumerary
Authors:   Practice limited to Children’s Dentistry, Dental Clinic, Athens, Greece, Muhamad Abu-Hussein , Maria Alsaghee ,   General Dentis, Dental Clinic, Athens, Greece, Watted Ali ,   Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinic for Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Surgery, University of Hannover, Germany
Published: November 2021

Impaction of maxillary central incisors is frequent in dental practice. However its management is challenging because of its importance in aesthetics. Supernumerary teeth are the most common dental anomaly that can cause impaction of adjacent teeth, crowding, diastema, rotation and displacement of teeth. We report a case of 13 year old male with an impacted supernumerary tooth in the maxillary anterior region, which was interfering with the eruption of the permanent, left central incisor. The impacted supernumerary tooth was surgically removed. With the application of an orthodontic traction, impacted left maxillary central incisor was brought down to its proper position in the dental arch.
Efficacy of Surgical Laser Diode Therapy in the Management of Labial and Lingual Frenectomy
Authors:   Faculty of Dentistry of Casablanca, Resident, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Rue Abou Alâa Zahr, Casablanca 21100, Morocco, Ibourk Aicha , Haitami Sofia ,   Faculty of Dentistry of Casablanca, Professor of the Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Rue Abou Alâa Zahr, Casablanca 21100, Morocco
Published: November 2021

A frenum, a triangle-shaped fold of tissue connects the lip, tongue and buccal musculature to the alveolar bone in the oral cavity. Any abnormalities in the size and location of the frenum can cause functional and esthetic problems which require surgical excision. Frenectomy can be accomplished either by the routine scalpel technique, or by using lasers such diode laser. The 1st case is an 8-year-old healthy boy with the chief complaint of spacing between his upper front teeth and a palatoversion of the left central incisor. Intraoral clinical examination revealed the presence of midline diastema (1 mm) with high, fibrous labial frenal attachment. The 2nd case is a 6-year-old boy consulted with the complaint of difficulty in speech associated to the limitations of the lingual movements. Intraoral examination revealed partial ankyloglossia. The 2 cases, the frenectomy was then made with 980 nm diode laser.
Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)–what is it and what to do with them?
Authors:   Consultant Paediatrician, Barnsley Foundation Hospital, Chairman CSAC, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Gupta Rajeev
Published: November 2021

Eating disorders are common in children. With the evolving time, the typical anorexia nervosa or bulimia are less common. These are identified earlier. In fact, other types of relatively less severe eating disorders are being identified more, which are subtle and more difficult to identify and manage.
Социально-гигиенический мониторинг негативного воздействия выбросов автотранспорта на здоровье населения
Authors:   Юго-Западный государственный университет, Кирильчук И.О. , Иорданова А.В. ,   Юго-Западный государственный университет, Тимофеев Г.П. ,   Юго-Западный государственный университет
Published: November 2021

В монографии представлены результаты исследований в области разработки системы поддержки принятия решений при управлении риском здоровью на основе обработки многомерных нечетких данных социально-гигиенического мониторинга. Авторами проведен анализ автомобильного транспорта как источника загрязнения окружающей среды и негативного воздействия на здоровье населения, рассмотрены методические аспекты оценки риска здоровью человека от воздействия факторов внешней среды, предложена система поддержки принятия решений при управлении риском здоровью по результатам социально-гигиенического мониторинга. Настоящая монография предназначена для студентов-экологов, изучающих вопросы управления рисками здоровью населения при воздействии внешних факторов среды, научных сотрудников, аспирантов, магистрантов, а также работников государственных органов.
Social capital: The missing link in Ghana’s development
Authors: Koomson Frederick , Enu-Kwesi Francis
Published: November 2021

Development practitioners in recent times have recognised that the general factors of production

determine only partially the process of economic growth because they overlook the way in which

economic actors interact and organise themselves to generate economic growth. In 2006, the World Bank publication cited developing countries as having the least amount of intangible capital compared to the developed nations. However, among the components of intangible capital, social capital has attracted considerable attention among social scientists in general and development economists in particular because there is growing evidence that social capital can have impacts on development outcomes. Using primarily desk studies, the paper examines current literature on social capital and how they provide some answers to the missing link in Ghana’s development. We conclude that while micro-level social capital is important and predominates in Ghana’s development, its success largely depends on macro-level social capital.This implies that an enabling socio-economic environment is very vital for all sectors to function properly. In essence, social capital – like natural, physical and human capital – has limited value if it is not combined with other forms of capital, because social capital makes the other types of capital and their productive combination more efficient.
SOSYAL BİLİMLERE DENEY VE GÖZLEM İMKÂNI SUNAN BİR YÖNTEM ÖNERİSİ: ACP
Authors: BÜYÜKBİNGÖL Abdulkadir
Published: November 2021

Endüstri 4.0 ile sanayide üretime yönelik verimliliğe odaklanılırken bireyin göz ardı edildiği belirtilmektedir. Birey merkeze alınarak geliştirilen Toplum 5.0 planına göre ise Endüstri 4.0’ın yarattığı hasarın da giderildiği mutlu ve müreffeh bir toplum oluşturulmak istenmektedir. Bu geleceğin inşasına yönelik kararlı bazı çalışmalar mevcuttur. Fakat Toplum 5.0’ın nasıl inşa edileceğine dair literatürde tatmin edici bir çalışmaya rastlanmamaktadır. Bu da Toplum 5.0’a ulaştırabilecek bir yöntem önerisinin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Hali hazırdaki çalışmada sosyal bilişim bilimi sınırları içinde kalınarak bu geleceğe ulaştırabilecek bu yöntem açıklanmak istenmektedir. Analitik bir yaklaşımla ve nitel araştırma teknikleri kullanılarak yapılan araştırma sonucunda, ACP yaklaşımın üç farklı sistemin birleştirilmesiyle oluşturulan CPSS’in alt yapısını kullanarak yönetim ve kontrol sorunlarında etkili bilimsel çözümler sunduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Burada toplumsal etkileşimler modellenerek mikro görünümde gözlemlenebilmektedir. Ortamdaki işbirlikçi zekâ ile insanın ortak yönetimi ile bireysel, kurumsal ve yönetimsel yetenekler geliştirilebilmektedir. Bu durum tasarlanarak inşa edilmek istenen Toplum 5.0 gibi akıllı toplumlara ve ötesine ulaşmanın bu yöntemle mümkün olduğunu göstermektedir. Diğer taraftan sosyal sistemlerin modellenerek sosyal hesaplamanın mümkün olduğunu veren bu sonuç aynı zamanda, ACP’nin sosyal bilimler alanına deney ve gözlem yapabilme imkânı tanıdığı da ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Uterine laceration – a rare case of postpartum hemoperitoneum
Authors:   Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Ilha da Madeira, Portugal, Macedo Carlos Silva , Domingos Cristina Pestana , Gomes Rita Leiria , Pina Zeferino , Dias Maria Fátima
Published: November 2021

Postpartum haemorrhage is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early dia gnosis and treatment are essential to prevent sequelae or even death. We describe a rare case of early postpartum haemorrhage with hemoperitoneum due to a laceration of the uterine serosa with exposure of a uterine vessel solved by laparotomy. Key words: postpartum haemorrhage – uterine rupture – parturition
Cerebral venous thrombosis after caesarean section
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ivančice Hospital, p.o, Ivančice, Czech Republic, Drábková Lucie
Published: November 2021

Objective: Case report of a patient with cerebral venous thrombosis after caesarean section. Case report: We present a case of a 22-year-old patient after an acute caesarean section, which was complicated by cerebral venous thrombosis. The etiology of the thrombosis was multifactorial. Diagnosis was determined using imaging methods once the neurological symptoms were expressed. Follow-up care for the patient included comprehensive care in the intensive care unit, including a temporary decompresive craniectomy. Conclusion: Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare disease with a varied clinical manifestation whose development is aff ected by a number of acquired and congenital factors. The incidence is increased in women in the puerperium, but we can also see it in gynecological practice in young contraception users. Contextual knowledge is essential in early dia gnosis as well as using a correct treatment strategy with a multidisciplinary approach and interdisciplinary collaboration. Key words: cerebral venous thrombosis – caesarean section – laparotomy dehiscence – headache
Self Driving Vehicles Using AI
Authors: Mengi Savinay , Devdware Yash
Published: November 2021

In the modern era, the vehicles are focused to be automated to give human driver relaxed driving. In the field of automobile various aspects have been considered which makes a vehicle automated. Google, the biggest network has started working on the self-driving cars since 2010 and still developing new changes to give a whole new level to the automated vehicles. In this paper we have focused on two applications of an automated car, one in which two vehicles have same destination and one knows the route, where other don’t. The following vehicle will follow the target (i.e., Front) vehicle automatically. The other application is automated driving during the heavy traffic jam, hence relaxing driver from continuously pushing brake, accelerator, or clutch. The idea described in this paper has been taken from the self-driving car, defining the one aspect here under consideration is making the destination dynamic. This can be done by a vehicle automatically following the destination of another vehicle. Since taking intelligent decisions in the traffic is also an issue for the automated vehicle so this aspect has been also, under consideration in this paper.
Concepts of Employee Ambidexterity - A Literature-Based Analysis of Paradoxical Behavior on an Individual Level
Authors: Kraft Michael Hans Gino
Published: November 2021

Many companies face the challenge of exploring new business potentials while exploiting internal excellence to meet their market conditions. This results to a mutual limitation of resource capacities and thus to a management task at the individual level. Under this premise, the following article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments in the scientific discussion about the ambidexterity on a employee level. Although academic interest in the study of indi-vidual ambidexterity is growing, there is still a need to understand the different concepts and to classify their potential. For this purpose, the existing scientific literature is compiled according to individual employ-ee behavior, structured and described in its most important results. The review took place between January 2021 and June 2021 by using different academic databases such as Econbiz, Scopus and Web of Science. The sample included 10 articles from a cross-sectoral con-text. The evidence of the analysis demonstrates that ambidexterity in employee behavior promotes economically useful adaptability within organizations. Practitioners and scientists are invited to cope the po-tential of individual ambidexterity and to implement ambidextrous be-havioral practices in organizational reality.
Late Love: Vittoria Colonna and Reginald Pole
Authors: Targoff Ramie
Published: November 2021

In the final years of her life, Vittoria Colonna developed a profound attachment
to the English Catholic cardinal, Reginald Pole, who had formed a
circle of reformers in the city of Viterbo where Colonna herself moved in
1541. This paper examines the epistolary exchange between Colonna and
Pole with an aim of uncovering the nature of what Colonna repeatedly
describes as her ‘extreme obligation’. The letters Colonna wrote both to
Pole directly and to others in the Viterbo group about Pole reveal his
role in her life as a Christ-like figure to whom she is both erotically and
spiritually drawn.
Outdoing Colonna: Widowhood Poetry in the Late Cinquecento
Authors: Wainwright Anna
Published: November 2021

This chapter examines the influence of Colonna’s widowed poetry on three
women writers of the second half of the sixteenth century: Laura Battiferri,
Chiara Matraini and Francesca Turina. I demonstrate how Colonna’s famous
proemial sonnet, Scrivo sol per sfogar l’interna doglia, and her widowed
persona more broadly, is reflected in the works of these later poets. This
study also significantly elongates the timeline of Colonna’s influence,
proving just how late her rime vedovili were being imitated and explored:
deep into the Counter-Reformation, Turina and Matraini were still engaging
directly with her work as a way to legitimate their own authorial voices.
The chapter’s evidence also troubles longstanding scholarly understandings
about how ‘anxiety of influence’ has worked for women writers.
VISUAL PREFERENCES FOR EDUCATIONAL GAME DESIGNS THROUGH THE GRAPHIC STYLE APPROACHES
Authors: Shiau Gee Lilian Lee , Dolah Jasni , B. Pangayan Victor
Published: November 2021

The role of visual design in educational games is not only for beauty, but also for critical motivation to engage students in nurturing emotional values and thus enhancing their positive experiences. In terms of visual design, graphic style is key to re-evaluating the power and suitability of visual design in variety and rapidly changing game. This paper discusses the importance of graphic styles and their impact on educational games in the context of improving students' learning through play. The influence of design based graphic styles, the graphic characterization and the relationship of graphic trend in design innovation should be emphasized to determine how design can influence the game visualization.
MALAYSIA FILM POSTERS FROM THE PERSPECTIVEOF MALAY CULTURE
Authors: Hajijah binti Lamiri  , Zairul Md Dawam
Published: November 2021

The content of Malaysia films as well as the film posters itself reflects the “face” or culture of Malaysian peoples, especially the Malays. Content analysis was the main methodology been used in this study, which by analysing content portrayed in 12 movie posters that has been selected randomly from year 1955 until 2013. By using the Roland Barth’s semiotic theoretical approach, 12 Malay movie posters were chosen for the study purpose which are film posters for film Penarek Becha (1955), Siti Muslihat (1962), Cinta dan Lagu (1976), Panglima Badul (1978), Ali Setan (1985), Kekasih Awal dan Akhir (1993), Maria Mariana (1996), Perempuan Melayu Terakhir (1999), Spinning Gasing (2001), Puteri Gunung Ledang (2004), 1957: Hati Malaya (2007) and Tanda Putera (2013). The Malay cultural elements identified in the Malay movie posters are through the language in the poster, characters in posters, wardrobe and make-up of the characters, equipment’s, background locations and symbols in the poster.Thus, the main question here is what is the “Malay” that is being portrayed in the Malay film posters? and the Malay film poster actually describing “Malay face”?. These questions will only be answered by studying and reviewing the contents of Malay film posters as a cultural representation that reflects the Malay culture (our movie is our face). The awareness on the issue of the importance of providing a proper understanding of “our faces” in the display of the contents of Malay film posters is seen as purely pursuit of preserving Malay culture continues to grow and can be inherited from one generation to the next generation in the future.
IMEJ ANTHROPOMORPHIC DALAM GUA KAIN HITAM (PAINTED CAVE) SARAWAK
Authors: Junior Kimwah  , Baharudin Mohd Arus
Published: November 2021

Artikel ini membincangkan imej figuratif yang terdapat di dalam Gua Kain Hitam (Painted Cave) Niah, Sarawak. Beberapa imej figuratif ini dihasilkan dengan gaya dan bentuk yang dinamik. Namun, posisi rupa imej yang amat dominan adalah kedudukan tangan dan kaki terbuka. Imej ini membawa mesej tertentu dan mempunyai hubung kait dengan cara hidup dan kepercayaan masyarakat prasejarah pada ketika itu. Sehubungan dengan itu, kertas kerja ini menjelaskan reka bentuk dan menganalisis makna yang terkandung dalam imej. Penulis menggunakan Teori Ikonografi dalam usaha menganalisis imej prasejarah ini.
 
This article discusses the figurative images found in the Painted Cave of Niah, Sarawak. Some of these figurative images are created with dynamic styles and shapes. However, the most dominant image appearance position is the open hand and foot position. These images carry a specific message and have a correlation with the way of life and beliefs of prehistoric societies at the time. Therefore, this paper explains the design and analyzes the meanings contained in the images. The author uses Iconographic theory in an effort to analyze these prehistoric images.
Segmentação de mercados e diferenciação de ofertas de logística reversa
Authors: Silva Clarice Mara Sousa e , Dias Osório Carvalho
Published: November 2021

Este capítulo apresenta as bases para a realização de segmentação de mercado e diferenciação de serviços de logística reversa para o comércio eletrônico (e-commerce), considerando as características do modelo B2B2C. (negócio para negócio para cliente). As bases foram definidas por meio de pesquisa aplicada, documental e qualitativa, incluindo a coleta de dados de e-commerces, operadores logísticos e consumidores finais, informações obtidas nos websites das empresas pesquisadas e no website Reclame aqui e com análises dos dados efetuadas por por meio da Análise de Conteúdo e Análise de Agrupamentos. Os atributos Capilaridade, Prazos Variados, Full Service, Flexibilidade e Informação apresentam-se como bases para executar estratégias de segmentação de mercados e diferenciação de ofertas de logística reversa para e-commerces. Os atributos Informação, Flexibilidade e Full Service apresentaram maior volume de motivações para reclamação entre consumidores finais. As bases para a segmentação do mercado de logística reversa, quando fundamentadas em benefícios estabelecidos não apenas nas relações B2B, mas também no consumidor final – B2B2C, sugerem que a abordagem conceitual de segmentação B2B2C encontra evidências no ambiente logístico. O capítulo apresenta ainda evidências inéditas relativas à abordagem conceitual de segmentação B2B2C no mercado de ecommerce brasileiro, onde tradicionalmente os estudos focam apenas um lado da cadeia (B2B ou B2C), não realizando conexões na cadeia de relacionamento ampliada (B2B2C). Assim, o estudo colabora com a ampliação do escopo de estratégias de segmentação de mercados e diferenciação de ofertas do B2B para o B2B2C.
Indicadores de desempenho e da qualidade na área de armazenagem
Authors: Hobmeir Liziane
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo foi abordado a importância dos indicadores de desempenho da área de armazenagem e/ou nos operadores logísticos que ambos acumulam muitas informações sobre a operação que precisam ser tratadas, organizadas para a tomada de decisão e maior controle dos processos internos. Entender quais os indicadores de desempenho existentes no mercado para efeito de comparação entre teoria e prática, após esta análise foram escolhidos os indicadores mais relevantes e primordiais para se controlar ao longo da operação e após definição dos indicadores de desempenho internos das empresas é possível junto ao cliente contratante definir o SLA que se pode oferecer focando na qualidade.
Estado, sociedad y economía en El Salvador (1880-1999)
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: November 2021

Visión de conjunto de los vínculos fraguados en El Salvador entre la política, la sociedad y la economía desde finales del siglo XIX hasta finales del siglo XX. Para el autor, durante la últimas tres décadas del siglo pasado se echaron las bases del orden económico y social que dominaría a lo largo de casi todo el siglo XX, mientras que, a partir del golpe de Estado del general Hernández Manínez, se inició un esquema de dominación política -cuyo eje central fue el estamento militar- que sólo fue quebrado con los acuerdos de paz de 1992. Una de las principales hipótesis del ensayo es que, en El Salvador de los años noventa, se está operando una reforma estatal la cual se encamina a pasar de un Estado grande, ineficiente e "intervencionista" a un Estado fuerte, eficiente y garante del libre juego de las fuerzas del mercado.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 609-610, 1999: 583-602.
Solidaridad con los pobres
Authors: Tojeira José María
Published: November 2021

En este artículo el autor expone la situación de pobreza que prevalece en el mundo, especialmente en los países del tercer mundo. Señala los múltiples factores que la originan y perpetúan, y que con toda su complejidad es, al final, producto de estructuraciones sociales humanas, de intereses humanos. Que los recursos para contrarrestarla existen, pero no la voluntad ni una política para combatirla. De allí que el espíritu de solidaridad con los pobres tiene diversas posibilidades de expresión, siendo una de ellas, en principio, la convicción de que el ser humano es igual en dignidad.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 609-610, 1999: 603-615.
Unas de cal y muchas de "arena" en el sector público
Authors: De Derechos Humanos de la UCA Instituto
Published: November 2021

"Hay incertidumbre sobre los progresos logrados en la institucionalidad para la defensa de los derechos humanos", "La exacerbación de la cultura de la violencia, la posesión de armas y los vacíos institucionales han expuesto a los salvadoreños a un alto riesgo de violencia física", etc. Estos juicios y otros fueron pronunciados por el Consejo Nacional para el Desarrollo Sostenible, en abril de este año. Este artículo expone la falta de respeto y de las libertades fundamentales a los que está sometida la población salvadoreña. Para ilustrar estos atropellos se citan, en esta ocasión, dos casos: el de la Dirección General de Correos y el de la Dirección General de Transporte Terrestre.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 609-610, 1999: 617-627.
Fukuyama diez años después:
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: November 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 609-610, 1999: 659-663.
Big, Bad, Audacious Unitus: Building a $1.2 Billion Social Enterprise for
Microcredit
Authors: Woodworth Dr. Warner
Published: November 2021

This action research is a social science analysis of a progressive organization over two decades, Unitus, Inc. It was established to accelerate the microfinance movement starting in 2000 to tear down the barriers in order to expand capital for funding poor people’s struggles. The first few dozen NGOs to do this beginning in the 1980s were mostly small, underfunded, and limited in terms of managerial competence. In contrast, Unitus came into being as a social enterprise to remedy these deficiencies. Its founders sought to design a radically visionary approach that would offer a new model for doing microfinance using investment partners, not just small donors. Over the next decade, it raised $1.2 billion, partnering and providing loan capital to various NGOs in 23 countries benefitting many millions of the poor. After a decade of success up through 2010, Unitus then shifted strategically and morphed into different organizations throughout the following years until the present. This paper analyzes the origins, systems, strategies, and successes in achieving such results, as well as challenges, problems and criticisms until 2021.
Teste Progresso
Authors: Iunes Salles Gaudard Ana Marcia , De Souza Sulani
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho se propõe a discutir a crescente importância do Teste de Progresso na educação médica. No mundo, o teste é apresentado com diferentes formatos, visando refletir a variedade dos currículos médicos e diferentes natureza de avaliação, ou seja, formativa ou somativa. Ele tem sido incorporado nas escolas médicas no Brasil e na Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde. É uma ferramenta de controle de qualidade para a melhoria do processo de aprendizagem; orientado para o estudante, o docente e a instituição. Os testes avaliativos desenvolvidos devem ser válidos e confiáveis. Isto é um desafio sendo necessário que se utilize para tanto de conhecimentos de psicometria para de forma sistemática avaliar essas propriedades.
uso da sala de aula invertida na formação técnica em saúde:
Authors: Oliveira Carneiro Ana Maria de , Moura Ana Socorro de , Sant'Ana Geisa
Published: November 2021

Introdução: a sala de aula é um ambiente rico em conhecimentos, com oportunidade de crescimento e partilha do saber.
Objetivo: descrever a aplicação de estratégia pedagógica sob a lógica da “sala de aula invertida” na abordagem de conteúdo normativo para estudantes do Curso Técnico em Saúde Bucal da Escola Técnica de Saúde de Brasília.
Método: relato de experiência.
Resultado e discussão: observou-se maior participação dos estudantes e aproveitamento de tema relevante para prática profissional. O debate presencial foi enriquecido com a prévia reflexão dos estudantes.
Conclusão: o uso da sala de aula invertida revelou-se como uma estratégia facilitadora do entendimento das normas estudadas.
Reestruturação das profissões da saúde e perspectivas para o futuro na era da Inteligência Artificial
Authors: Fagundes Ribeiro Julival , Silvestre Garcia Chaves Nelson , Chaves Lopes Derek , Elias de Macedo Gabriel
Published: November 2021

A aplicação de dispositivos e algoritmos com inteligência artificial na saúde vem tornando-se uma realidade em diversas áreas. Porém, como no caso de outras tecnologias já utilizadas, para que essas ferramentas efetivamente resultem em melhoria da qualidade do cuidado, o profissional de saúde precisa saber avaliar de forma crítica seus aspectos positivos e negativos, além de suas limitações. Para isso, é de extrema importância a adoção de uma postura colaborativa, e não de enfrentamento, com esses dispositivos. O presente ensaio busca descrever um panorama acerca da inteligência artificial e seu uso nas áreas de saúde, além de elucidar pontos e levantar reflexões sobre riscos, benefícios e o dilema da desumanização do atendimento em saúde. Ainda, busca refletir em relação ao perfil do “profissional do futuro” e os caminhos que as instituições de ensino devem tomar para sua formação.
Programa de Fomento à Pesquisa na Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde
Authors: Cardoso Gomes da Silva Claudia , Vicari Bolognani Cláudia , Balieiro Vanessa de Amorim Teixeira , Donato Gottems Leila Bernarda , Do Espírito Santo Carvalho Wania Maria
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: descrever a trajetória do Programa de Fomento à Pesquisa da ESCS/Fepecs de 2008 a 2020 e apontar caminhos para o avanço desta política de fomento no DF.
Método: análise documental de editais, relatórios, currículo lattes dos pesquisadores, documentos normativos de acesso público e revisão de literatura não exaustiva.
Resultados: foram financiadas 108 pesquisas equivalentes a uma execução orçamentária de R$3,9 milhões. Os projetos foram coordenados por pesquisadores doutores (67), mestres (37) e especialistas (11). Produziram-se materiais bibliográficos, técnicos e tecnológicos coerentes com as necessidades do SUS-DF.
Conclusões: o programa representa um esforço de fomentar pesquisas integradas aos contextos de cuidado, vigilância e gestão em saúde. A disponibilidade orçamentária, a qualificação dos projetos de pesquisa e a busca pela incorporação dos conhecimentos produzidos, são desafios perenes para o avanço e manutenção do Programa.
Fatores pré-pandêmicos do SARS-COV-2 na América Latina e seu impacto na Taxa de Mortalidade
Authors: Moura Ananda Cristine Amador de , Cunha Rubem Davi de Paiva , Siqueira Carlos Eduardo , Franco Netto Thereza de Lamare , Pereira Márcio Florentino , Pereira Edsaura Maria , Bittencourt Roberto José
Published: November 2021

Introdução: a COVID-19 afetou os países de forma não igualitária. A partir da análise da situação atual da América Latina, buscou-se medir a associação entre fatores intrínsecos à pandemia e a taxa de mortalidade.
Objetivo: analisar a relação entre fatores pré-pandêmicos e fatores intrínsecos à pandemia que contribuíram para o avanço da COVID-19 na América Latina.
Método: estudo descritivo e transversal. Foi realizada a análise de dados socioeconômicos e sanitários pré-pandemia dos países que compõem a América Latina. Em seguida, foi feita a correlação destes indicadores com a taxa de mortalidade pela COVID-19.
Resultados: dentre os 11 indicadores analisados, apenas dois tiveram forte correlação com a taxa de mortalidade: "número de casos confirmados de COVID-19" e "número total de óbitos por COVID-19". Não houve correlação forte com os demais fatores socioeconômicos analisados.
Conclusão: os fatores socioeconômicos e sanitários pré-pandemia não impactaram ou se relacionaram apenas moderadamente com a taxa de mortalidade.
INCLUSÃO DE NOÇÕES DE DIREITO BÁSICO NO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Paulino Neto Josino , Alexandre Maira Regina de Carvalho
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho aborda o acesso à educação. Nessa linha, propondo a possibilidade de inclusão do ensino jurídico na grade curricular do nível médio, partindo do direito à educação assegurado pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro que viabiliza um ensino mais complexo e dinâmico, além de habituar os alunos a noções de matérias que são essenciais para o convívio social. Somado a isso, um bom saber sobre o direito é um meio para se chegar à justiça, e nessa perspectiva, enquadra-se nos moldes da proposta de se incluir noções básicas de direito na grade curricular de ensino, que se apresenta como adequada, expressiva e essencial, pois a instrução jurídica, tem como objetivo mesmo que em um nível básico, o exercício da cidadania, além de contribuir para o desenvolvimento intelectual dos estudantes de forma extensiva e antecipada aos níveis de graduação. Desse modo, a metodologia de adaptação educacional de matérias bases do direito supririam aspectos expressivos na reeducação dos jovens brasileiros. Tarefa à qual, se dividiria em selecionar as áreas jurídicas que mais beneficiaria a instituição, além de debates e avaliações de desenvolvimento educacional.Por fim, o intuito da instrução jurídica pela implementação de matérias na grade curricular não se limitaria aos parâmetros educacionais, mas se estenderia a sociedade de uma forma abrangente, uma vez que a adaptação do projeto tornaria os cidadãos mais habituados aos conhecimentos jurídicos disseminando essa ideologia de uma forma indireta.
The effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns on the composition of the troposphere as seen by In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) at Frankfurt
Authors: Clark Hannah , Bennouna Yasmine , Tsivlidou Maria , Wolff Pawel , Sauvage Bastien , Barret Brice , Le Flochmoën Eric , Blot Romain , Boulanger Damien , Cousin Jean-Marc , Nédélec Philippe , Petzold Andreas , Thouret Valérie
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The European research infrastructure IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) equips commercial aircraft with a system for measuring atmospheric composition. A range of essential climate variables and air quality parameters are measured throughout the flight, from take-off to landing, giving high-resolution information in the vertical in the vicinity of international airports and in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere during the cruise phase of the flight. Six airlines are currently involved in the programme, achieving a quasi-global coverage under normal circumstances. During the COVID-19 crisis, many airlines were forced to ground their fleets due to a fall in passenger numbers and imposed travel restrictions. Deutsche Lufthansa, a partner in IAGOS since 1994 was able to operate an IAGOS-equipped aircraft during the COVID-19 lockdown, providing regular measurements of ozone and carbon monoxide at Frankfurt Airport. The data form a snapshot of an unprecedented time in the 27-year time series. In May 2020, we see a 32 % increase in ozone near the surface with respect to a recent reference period, a magnitude similar to that of the 2003 heatwave. The anomaly in May is driven by an increase in ozone at nighttime which might be linked to the reduction in NO during the COVID-19 lockdowns. The anomaly diminishes with altitude becoming a slightly negative anomaly in the free troposphere. The ozone precursor carbon monoxide shows an 11 % reduction in MAM (March–April–May) near the surface. There is only a small reduction in CO in the free troposphere due to the impact of long-range transport on the CO from emissions in regions outside Europe. This is confirmed by data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) using retrievals performed by SOftware for a Fast Retrieval of IASI Data (SOFRID), which display
a clear drop of CO at 800 hPa over Europe in March but otherwise show little change to the abundance of CO in the free troposphere.
Erscheinung, Erscheinen (Manifestation)
Authors: McCarthy John
Published: November 2021

The lexeme Erscheinung/Erscheinen (manifestation) is related to the formative process of Werden (becoming) that fascinated Goethe throughout his life and which, in turn, is part and parcel of his understanding of morphology in all its manifestations, from the most elementary chemical processes to the highest products of the human mind. Because he was convinced that every existent thing necessitates interpretation to be grasped in its changefulness, he employed a range of surrogates to express the meanings of Erscheinung/Erscheinen. Thus, the lexeme can be translated in different ways: foremost as manifestation, phenomenon, appearance, or illusion. Moreover, Goethe believed that each manifestation is the result of an unrecognized law in the appearing object that corresponds to an unknown regulating principle in the observing subject and that nothing in living nature is static or occurs in isolation; everything is interconnected. Thus, Goethe’s method of inquiry consisted of close empirical observation that included reflection on the observing subjects themselves—a form of phenomenology. Consequently, Anschauen and Gegenstand also enter into the semantic field. Finally, the following examination highlights a lesser-known signification of Erscheinung in Goethe’s usage, one for which he did not have a specific term: that of emergence. Emergence seems most apt to express Goethe’s “lebendiger Begriff” (living concept), which can be seen as the counterpart to nature’s “lebendiges Fließen” (living flow), which he repeatedly expressed in his literary and scientific writing.
Charakter (Character)
Authors: Bell Matthew
Published: November 2021

The lexeme Charakter denotes the set of innate or acquired dispositions that make an individual or a nation distinctive, determine its behaviour, and give it psychological and moral strength. Charakter plays a central role in Goethe’s moral psychology and his ethical thought in general, as well as in his thinking on culture. His psychological and ethical thought is notoriously hard to classify or to align with the main traditions of European thought. His concern with Charakter could be said to belong to the broad classical tradition of virtue ethics, in the sense that Goethe placed moral character at the heart of ethics. However, in contrast to the classical tradition of virtue ethics, which holds that both the rational and the non-rational parts of humans contribute to a virtuous character, and that virtues can be conceptualized clearly, Goethe resists the claims of reason on our moral character. His early writings on culture and the drama Egmont have a Rousseauian flavour: Charakter represents a natural force that is endangered by civilization. After the French Revolution and in opposition to the emergence of liberalism, Goethe came to see Charakter as a political resource that was superior to political rationality. In his most sustained engagements with philosophical ethics—his essays on Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1805) and Isaac Newton (1810)—Goethe argues, in deliberate opposition to Kant, that natural Charakter has at least as much ethical force as reason and that naturalistic descriptions of human behaviour are at least as valid as moral ones. Moreover, Charakter has the advantage of leading us by a more direct and reliable route to morally good outcomes. In this sense, it can be said without risk of exaggeration that Charakter displaces rationality in Goethe’s ethical thought.
Kollektiv (Collective)
Authors: Sina Kai
Published: November 2021

The idea of the ‘collective’ plays a key role in Goethe’s late work. It denotes a balance between multiplicity and unity, heterogeneity and homogeneity, which is characteristic both of Goethe’s authorship and of his literary work, above all his novel Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre (1829; Wilhelm Meister’s Journeyman Years). Etymologically, Goethe’s use of the term refers back to its original meaning from the Latin colligere; for him, a collective emerges when parts are gathered and arranged into some sort of ordered whole. It has formal, intellectual, and social implications. The term is semantically close to the concepts of the ‘aggregate’ and the ‘compendium,’ which are also essential to Goethe’s late poetics. The collective, the aggregate, and the compendium are all situated between mere particularity and full systematicity, in a sphere of the intermediary. Finally, Goethe’s idea of the collective found resonance primarily and early on in the United States, specifically in the writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Anschauung, Anschauen (Intuition)
Authors: Hennigfeld Iris
Published: November 2021

Since Plato’s metaphor of the light of knowledge used in the “Allegory of the Cave” from his dialogue Politeia, the concepts of Anschauen or Anschauung (intuition) and their corresponding lexical field, including the terms light, sun, and eye, represent key notions and much-debated issues in philosophical thinking. In his literary, scientific, and philosophical writings, Goethe does not articulate a systematic and explicit theory of these concepts; on the contrary, most of his remarks on the topic of “intuition” are aphoristic or tacitly integrated into his poetic and scientific works. One of his main contributions to the philosophical debates surrounding Anschauen and Anschauung is that he developed and integrated into his works different modes of a specifically creative and productive—as opposed to a merely receptive and sensory—form of Anschauen. This productive form of Anschauen, for which he also uses the terms “Phantasie” (phantasy), “Einbildungskraft” (imagination), “exakte sinnliche Phantasie” (exact sensory phantasy or imagination) or “anschauende Urteilskraft” (intuitive power of judgment) in various contexts, can serve as both a creative faculty in his poetry and a precise scientific or philosophical instrument of cognition. Within the context of the philosophical tradition, and apart from the heritage of Plato and Platonism, Goethe’s notion of Anschauen can be understood, on the one hand, in the context of classical German philosophy and its debates on “anschauender Verstand” (intuitive understanding) and “intellektuelle” or “intellektuale Anschauung” (intellectual intuition). On the other hand, it is also phenomenologically grounded and anticipates the main insights of Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) and the phenomenological movement in the 20th century, one of the most important of which is the so-called phenomenological Wesensschau (eidetic intuition).
Role of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Differentiating Neoplastic From Non- Neoplastic Ring Enhancing Brain Lesions Taking Surgical Findings as Gold Standard
Authors: Jesrani Ameet , Hameed Marya , Nayab Seema , Javed Asma , Sethar Sehrish
Published: November 2021

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic ring enhancing brain lesions taking histopathological findings as gold standard. Study Design and Setting: The cross sectional study was conducted at Radiology department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. Methodology: Total 102 patients with ring enhancing lesions detected on MRI brain contrast studies were selected for this study. Cases were referred from Outpatient Department of Neurology Clinics who were suspected of having space occupying lesions in brain. Full history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations (Complete Blood Count and ESR) were carried out. The patients having claustrophobia, metallic implants, cardiac pacemaker and having metallic foreign body in situ were excluded from the study. Informed consent was taken from the research and MRS was performed. On MRS, lesion was categorized and final diagnosis was taken based on histopathology results. All the information was recorded into predesigned proforma. Patients Data was scrutinized by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0). Mean + SD was calculated for age, gender, duration of symptoms and size of the lesion. Results: The average age of the patients was 35.45±10.36 years. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of MRS was 87.5%, 93.3%, 95.5%, 89.7% and 92.1% respectively. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be effective in discerning neoplastic from non-neoplastic ring enhancing cerebral lesions, thus avoiding an invasive procedure like brain biopsy
Medical Student Syndrome: A Hypochondriacal Distress In Undergraduates– Verity Or Myth
Authors: Akbar Sana , Riaz Misbah , Munawar Lalarukh , Shakoor Shazia
Published: November 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to correlate the hypochondriacal concerns related to diseases with level of anxiety and depression symptoms among medical and engineering undergraduates. Study design and Setting: Cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduates of final year students of BUMDC (Bahria University Medical & Dental College) and engineering students from NUST- PNEC (NUST – Pakistan Navy Engineering College). Methodology: In this study; (99) final year medical students and (92) engineering students were recruited. In order to maintain consistency of age, students aging between 21–26 years were selected. Selected students were handed to fill the required ‘Self-administered Questionnaire’ comprising of demographic details, short health anxiety inventory, medical history and DASS (depression, anxiety and stress scale) which were completed on-site. Data was entered in SPSS version 21 and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: Out of 191 students in total from both the groups n=86 (45%) were females and n=105(55%) were males. There were 99 participants from MBBS and 92 from engineering. The participants’ ages ranged from 21-26 years with a mean= 23.95 (SD±2.29), both the cohorts belonged to approximately same age group. While assessing depression the responses were not very different for both the groups. When responses of depression scale were related to visits to psychiatrists or psychologist or psychotherapist a strong relationship was observed (p=0.012) in medical students cohort. Conclusion: The results of the study reflected comparable psychosocial strain at an elevated level among both student groups
Pregnancy and Covid-19: Some Thing to Worry About?
Authors: Iqbal Samreen , Jafri Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Pregnancy is a special time, full of excitement and anticipation, but for expectant mothers facing the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), fear, anxiety and uncertainty are clouding this otherwise happy time. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to the deadliest pandemic observed in more than a 100 years.1 Around 131 million women give birth annually. This population is particularly vulnerable to emerging infectious pathogens due to alterations in immune, respiratory, and cardiovascular physiology that occurs during pregnancy