bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Switchback Boundary Dissipation and Relative Age
Authors: Farrell W. M. , Rasca A. P. , MacDowall R. J. , Gruesbeck J. R. , Bale S. D. , Kasper J. C.
Published: July 2021

We examine Parker Solar Probe (PSP) magnetic field and plasma observations during its first encounter with the Sun in early 2018 November. During this perihelion time, impulsive reversals in the magnetic field, called “switchbacks,” were found in the data set characterized by a quick rotation in B along with a simultaneous increase in solar wind flow. In this work, we examine the structure and morphology of 920 switchback boundaries as PSP enters and exits the structures, specifically looking for evidence of boundary degradation, dissipation, and associated ultralow frequency (ULF) magnetic wave activity. We find that boundaries with the most abrupt, step-function-like change in B
r and V
r also show little evidence of dissipation and ULF wave activity. In contrast, there is a set of boundaries that appears highly degraded with ULF magnetic activity in the vicinity of the boundary. We thus infer that the steep, step-like boundaries with little ULF activity are relatively young in comparison to the degraded boundaries. The distribution in relative ages suggests that the switchback boundary formation process is dynamic and evolving, even occurring near the PSP observation point inside of 40 R

s
.
Resolving the Emission Regions of the Crab Pulsar’s Giant Pulses
Authors: Main Robert , Lin Rebecca , van Kerkwijk Marten H. , Pen Ue-Li , Rudnitskii Alexei G. , Popov Mikhail V. , Soglasnov Vladimir A. , Lyutikov Maxim
Published: July 2021

The Crab pulsar has striking radio emission properties, with the two dominant pulse components—the main pulse and the interpulse—consisting entirely of giant pulses. The emission is scattered in both the Crab Nebula and the interstellar medium, causing multipath propagation and thus scintillation. We study the scintillation of the Crab’s giant pulses using phased Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope data at 1668 MHz. We find that giant pulse spectra correlate at only ∼2%, much lower than the one-third correlation expected from a randomized signal imparted with the same impulse response function. In addition, we find that the main pulse and the interpulse appear to scintillate differently; the 2D cross-correlation of scintillation between the interpulse and main pulse has a lower amplitude and is wider in time and frequency delay than the 2D autocorrelation of the main pulses. These lines of evidence suggest that the giant pulse emission regions are extended, and that the main pulse and interpulse arise in physically distinct regions that are resolved by the scattering screen. Assuming the scattering takes place in the nebular filaments, the emission regions are of order a light-cylinder radius, as projected on the sky. With further very long baseline interferometry and multifrequency data, it may be possible to measure the distance to the scattering screens, the size of giant pulse emission regions, and the physical separation between the pulse components.
Situation Analysis of Tuberculosis to Accelerate the Role of All Regional Stakeholders in Kendal
Authors: Hartiti Tri , Samiasih Amin , Asiah Siti , Ernawati Ernawati , Alfiyanti Dera
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of TB in Kendal Regency from 2007 to 2011 has inclined to increment. In 2007, TB prevalence was 55 per 100,000 population, and it became 121 per 100,000 population in 2011.
AIM: The present study aims at obtaining Kendal district government policy to decrease the number of TB cases in the Kendal Regency.
METHODS:  The method of situation analysis involved secondary and primary data analysis, field survey, confirmation, cost calculation, and matriculation of various factors of multivariate analysis.
RESULTS: There are some Problems of TB found from the Situation Analysis in Kendal Regency is related to the Topography of Kendal Regency, which is located both in the highlands and coastal areas because as an indicator of high-risk areas for TB transmission and the development of TB germs, poverty and high population at Kendal Regency result in the job scarcity, the educational background within the productive age in 2014 was low. Also, most of the people are tobacco farmers, which was included in a predisposing factor associated with some TB caused by prolonged nicotine exposure.
CONCLUSION: Recommendations as TB Advocacy Actions relevant to the Health Office and Regional Working Unit’s action plan that can be carried out immediately is a workshop on the preparation of health service standards as promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative health services; the development of equal energy or human resources standards the addition of P2M personnel, especially TB, online recording and reporting systems need to be initiated for facilitating access; counseling TB through mass media to be accessible to the community; and cross-sectoral collaboration between Community Health Center.
Effects of parasites and predators on nociception: decreases analgesia reduces overwinter survival in root voles (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Yang Yuan-Gang , Shang Guo-Zhen , Wu Xue-Qin , Chen Hui-Qing , Wu Yan , Cao Yi-Fan , Bian Jiang-Hui
Published: July 2021

Growing evidence suggests that parasite-infected prey is more vulnerable to predation. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is obscure. In small mammals, analgesia induced by environmental stressors is a fundamental component of the defensive repertoire, promoting defensive responses. Thus, the reduced analgesia may impair the defensive ability of prey and increase their predation risk. This study aimed to determine whether coccidia infection increases the vulnerability to predation in root voles, Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776), by decreased analgesia. Herein, a predator stimulus and parasitic infection were simulated in the laboratory via a two-level factorial experiment, then, the vole nociceptive responses to an aversive thermal stimulus were evaluated. Further, a field experiment was performed to determine the overwinter survival of voles with different nociceptive responses via repeated live trapping. The coccidia-infected voles demonstrated reduced predator-induced analgesia following exposure to predator odor. Meanwhile, pain-sensitive voles had lower overwinter survival than pain-inhibited voles in enclosed populations throughout the duration of the experiment. Our findings suggest that coccidia infection attenuates predator-induced analgesia, resulting in an increased vulnerability to predation.
Advancing Nurse Scope of Practice in the Republic of Moldova Using Simulation
Authors: Hoover Evelyn L. , Lekan Deborah A. , Harwood Elaine , Ghidora Eugene
Published: July 2021

Background:

Nurse identity in the Republic of Moldova is undergoing change to achieve recognition as a profession. This article describes a faculty development program designed to help articulate the professional nurse role and scope of practice through enhanced teaching pedagogies used in basic nursing education.

Method:

Experiential learning strategies such as high-fidelity simulation, unfolding geriatric case study, role-play, task trainers, moulage, and teach-back were used to demonstrate the nursing process and scope of practice.

Results:

Fifteen faculty from five technical colleges of nursing participated in the Geriatric Nursing Institute (GNI). Debriefings yielded positive responses on using experiential learning strategies to augment didactic methods to facilitate student competencies, nurse identity, and scope of practice.

Conclusion:

The GNI contributed to the professional development of faculty with potential impact on nursing students to achieve enhanced preparedness in global nurse competencies. Although the pedagogical innovations were welcomed, future initiatives building on the GNI are needed.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(7):377–385.]
Novel Use of Experiential Learning in an Online Doctor of Philosophy Theory Course
Authors: Stephens Teresa M. , Bigger Sharon , Cabage Linda , Tobias Robyn
Published: July 2021

Background:

Due to their abstract nature and lack of real-world application, theory development and testing are often difficult concepts for PhD students to embrace, especially within a virtual learning environment. Although experiential learning is a preferred method, there is a lack of evidence regarding its use in online PhD programs.

Method:

Four PhD nursing students enrolled in a Foundations of Theory course participated in an innovative experiential learning project designed to introduce the process of theory development and testing. Participants, led by a faculty-researcher, tested the applicability of a conceptual model using the Framework Method with the diary of a Holocaust survivor.

Results:

This experience increased the learners' understanding and appreciation of theory development and testing processes as they relate to the nurse scientist's role.

Conclusion:

Experiential learning in an online theory course is a viable option to promote learning, student engagement, and professional socialization.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(7):391–393.]
Fear of Contagion Among Nursing Students in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Thornton Tina M. , Decker Sally A. , Roe Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2021

Background:

COVID-19 quickly spread to pandemic proportions, resulting in anxiety and fear for many students. The Fear of Contagion model was explored in first-semester nursing students.

Method:

This study used a qualitative design with content analysis of narrative responses to questions derived from the Fear of Contagion model and an a priori template based on the model.

Results:

The results included five themes: (a) doing their part to prevent the spread but wanting to do more; (b) making specific behavior changes to prevent the spread and effects of the virus; (c) experiencing fear, anxiety, and stress; (d) uncertainty but hopefulness; and (e) positive regard and concern for others.

Conclusion:

Fear of contagion in this study reflected many of the elements of the original model. Interventions to not only reduce fear but also facilitate education are recommended for nursing educators.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(7):404–407.]
Les contenus « informatiques » et leur(s) reconstruction(s) par des élèves de CM2. Etude didactique
Authors: Fluckiger Cédric , Reuter Yves
Published: July 2021

Dans le cadre de ce numéro de la revue Recherches en Education, consacré aux différentes manières dont la recherche traite de l’élève à l’heure du numérique, nous nous intéressons ici aux relations entre les élèves en fin d’école primaire et les contenus d’enseignement informatiques, notamment ceux proposés par le brevet informatique et internet (B2i). Cet article, inscrit en didactique des disciplines, vise à caractériser ces contenus d’enseignement et à cerner quelques traits de la relation des élèves à ces contenus. En faisant appel au concept de conscience disciplinaire, nous tenterons de déterminer la manière dont les élèves se représentent ces contenus, les (re)construisent, se font une image de leur utilité et de leurs finalités. Les élèves seront donc envisagés ici en tant que sujets didactiques, c’est-à-dire en tant qu’« apprenants en informatique ». Après avoir analysé l'ancrage didactique de notre questionnement et de la démarche de recherche, nous nous interrogerons donc sur le statut disciplinaire des contenus informatiques, ainsi que sur la modélisation de l'élève que supposent et/ou qu'induisent ces contenus, avant d'en venir, au travers des réponses des élèves à un questionnaire, à la manière dont les élèves reconstruisent et vivent ces contenus.
Aspiration numérique et mise à distance du corps
Authors: Hétier Renaud
Published: July 2021

Les dispositifs numériques, dans leur disponibilité permanente, dans leur pouvoir de liaison pour nous mettre en contact avec d’autres utilisateurs disponibles, modifient notre expérience du temps et de l’espace. S’étendant dans la dimension du réseau, cette expérience se spatialise et rendant tous les moments également denses, se détemporalise. Dans la quasi-présence qu’ils rendent possible, les dispositifs numériques réquisitionnent la disponibilité des corps individuels. L’école, elle-même traversée par cette mise en réseau, est renforcée dans sa tendance à l’individualisation (chaque élève accaparé par sa tablette) au risque de faire l’économie de l’apprentissage d’une capacité à se tenir ensemble. La virtualisation du présent, de l’activité, de la violence font partie du processus d’humanisation, comme le précise Pierre Lévy. Mais les investissements numériques des jeunes générations sont davantage à comprendre comme relevant du jeu, et donc d’une forme de virtualisation du jeu (jeu avec le langage, jeu avec la technique). Cette double médiation (jeu+virtualisation) facilite finalement le jeu avec la violence dans la mesure où celle-ci est évitée par la mise à distance et par la fictionnalisation. En l’absence d’expérience de la limite (par la destruction, par l’épreuve de la fragilité), la nécessité du contrat virtualisant la violence peut ne pas être ressentie. Tout ne peut cependant être virtualisé, et l’expérience du corps-à-corps réclame particulièrement d’être préparée, pour apprendre à se tenir ensemble. La tentation de se délester de son corps (pour une vie allégée ?) doit être mise au travail, et l’école pensée comme un espace qui est d’abord à partager et à habiter, qui n’est un espace (de travail, de savoir, etc.) qu’autant qu’il est substantiellement partagé et habité.
Experimental Analysis of Hot Corrosion Behaviour of some Composite Coatings on Boiler Steel at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Puri Prince , Goyal Khushdeep , Goyal Rakesh , Krishan Bal
Published: July 2021

Hot corrosion is the main reason of failure of boiler tubes used at high temperature in thermal power plants. This paper is an attempt to investigate the effect of different composite coatings on boiler tube steel in corrosive environment of Na2SO4 – 60%V2O5 at 900°C for 50 cycles. The coatings have been deposited with high velocity oxy fuel process. The samples were exposed to hot corrosion in a Silicon tube furnace at 900°C for 50 cycles. The kinetics of corrosion behaviour were analysed by the weight gain measurements after each cycle. Corrosion products were analysed with weight change statistics, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that 100Cr3C2 composite coatings provided the higher resistance to corrosion as compared to other types of coatings. Cr carbide layer was formed on the surface and these layers provided the protection from hot corrosion.
Interrater reliability of emergency medicine residents in measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter with computed tomography
Authors: Yilmaz Irem Olcay , Aksay Ersin , Bayram Basak , Oray Nese Colak , Karabay Nuri
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES:

Many studies have recently been conducted on measuring optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) with computed tomography (CT). However, no studies focused on the interrater reliability in ONSD measurements with CT yet. Our first aim was to investigate the interrater reliability of the emergency medicine residents in the measurement of the ONSD with CT. Our secondary aim was to evaluate the interrater reliability and agreement of the emergency medicine residents and neuroradiologist measurements, which is the gold standard.

METHODS:

Twelve residents (six seniors and six juniors) and a neuroradiologist measured ONSD in twenty different CTs in axial and sagittal planes. The interrater reliability was calculated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and the level of agreement in categorical variables was calculated by kappa (ĸ) analysis.

RESULTS:

We found that the interrater reliability level of all residents was “good” (ICC: 0.824), for seniors was “good” (ICC: 0.824), and for juniors was “moderate” (ICC: 0.748) in the measurement of ONSD. ICC was 0.812 for axial, and 0.783 for sagittal plane measurements. The interrater reliability between residents and the neuroradiologist measurements was “good” (ICC 0.891), and the agreement was found to be “good” (ĸ: 0.688; P < 0.001). The sensitivity of residents in detecting increased ONSD was 78%, and specificity was 90.8%.

CONCLUSION:

The ONSD measurements with CT performed by the residents are reliable in themselves, and they are compatible with the gold standard measurements.
Post-Menopausal Symptoms
Authors: Kaur Manpreet
Published: July 2021

Menopause is a universal occurrence. Menopause refers to that time when woman's periods stop and her ovaries lose their reproductive function. Usually, this occurs between the age group of 45 and 55 years. A descriptive study was undertaken on post-menopausal symptoms among women in the selected urban community, Amritsar. This study included 100 post-menopausal women who were recruited by the convenient sampling technique. Tools for the data collection consisted of socio-demographic profile and the Standardised Women Health Questionnaire related to post-menopausal symptoms. The findings revealed that the mean age of post-menopausal women in the study was 64.13 ± 8.92 years, whereas the mean age at menopause was 47.11 ± 3.66 years. Majority (80%) of post-menopausal women had backache, followed by 76% had loss of appetite, 71% reported restlessness, 68% had difficulty in getting to sleep, and 64% felt miserable and sad. The findings of the study reveal that more than half (52%) of post-menopausal women were not able to cope up with symptoms and 43% agreed to have overall good quality of life. A large proportion of post-menopausal women also reported loss of appetite, loss of interest in things, dizzy spells, headache and poor memory. A larger study is required to generalise the findings.
Knowledge and Practice of Rural Mothers on Oral Hygiene for Children
Authors: Mohandass Blessy , Chaudhary Himani , Pal Gurleen Kel , Kaur Simrandeep
Published: July 2021

Oral health is a condition in which the mouth and the teeth are healthy and free from any diseases. Improper maintenance of hygiene of the mouth is one of the risk factors for oral diseases. Researches showed that parents are responsible for inculcating good oral hygiene habits in children and mothers are considered to be the most accountable in educating the children about proper oral hygiene. This study was undertaken to explore the knowledge and practice of mothers regarding the importance of oral hygiene for children. A non-experimental descriptive research design was used, and 100 mothers of under-five children were randomly selected from the rural areas of Rajpura in Patiala District, Punjab. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist was used to collect the data. Analysis and interpretation of the data was done according to the objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. The present study revealed that 58 (58%) respondents had good knowledge and 57 (57%) mothers had average practices regarding the importance of oral hygiene for children. No significant relationship was observed between knowledge and practice scores. There was no significant association between the level of knowledge and the level of practice and socio-demographic variables. The study concluded that there is a lack of knowledge and practice regarding the importance of oral hygiene for children amongst the mothers residing in rural areas.
Study of Rider Model for Motorcycle Racing Simulation
Authors: Nishimura Masatsugu , Tezuka Yoshitaka , Picotti Enrico , Bruschetta Mattia , Ambrogi Francesco , Yoshii Toru
Published: July 2021

Various rider models have been proposed that provide control inputs for the simulation of motorcycle dynamics. However, those models are mostly used to simulate production motorcycles, so they assume that all motions are in the linear region such as those in a constant radius turn. As such, their performance is insufficient for simulating racing motorcycles that experience quick acceleration and braking. Therefore, this study proposes a new rider model for racing simulation that incorporates Nonlinear Model Predictive Control. In developing this model, it was built on the premise that it can cope with running conditions that lose contact with the front wheels or rear wheels so-called "endo" and "wheelie", which often occur during running with large acceleration or deceleration assuming a race. For the control inputs to the vehicle, we incorporated the lateral shift of the rider's center of gravity in addition to the normally used inputs such as the steering angle, throttle position, and braking force. We compared the performance of the new model with that of the conventional model under constant radius cornering and straight braking, as well as complex braking and acceleration in a single (hairpin) corner that represented a racing run. The results showed that the new rider model outperformed the conventional model, especially in the wider range of running speed usable for a simulation. In addition, we compared the simulation results for complex braking and acceleration in a single hairpin corner produced by the new model with data from an actual race and verified that the new model was able to accurately simulate the run of actual MotoGP riders.
The right to translation and interpreting into and from Albanian as a reflection of fundamental civil rights in Kosovo between 1912 and 1999
Authors: Shala Arben
Published: July 2021

Through the analysis of official legal documentation, this paper presents a historical overview of the development of laws and practices regarding language policies in Socialist Yugoslavia, and the use of the Albanian language in education and in the security sector in Kosovo with special emphasis on translation and interpreting. The results of the analysis show that in the 1970s socialist Yugoslav laws governing the equality of languages in a multilingual state, as codified in the constitution and other administrative and legal documents, were quite progressive on paper but did not entirely translate into political and linguistic equality in practice, but that they, nevertheless, resulted in the increased trust in the formal Kosovo governing institutions; and that the abolishment of translation and linguistic rights accompanied by the abandonment of other fundamental civil rights at the end of the 20th century eventually strengthened the ethnic tensions and divisions in the region. The article concludes that translation and interpreting represent key activities supporting the implementation of linguistic rights and trust in the legal system, and that linguistic rights are effective only if they are supported with other fundamental civil rights, such as the right to education and political participation.
(Semi)peripheries in contact
Authors: Allwood Anja
Published: July 2021

This article widens the perspective of indirect translation (ITr) research by focusing on the range of mediating languages and with a corpus of all indirect translations into a specific language (Swedish) during 2000–2015. The following issues will be described and explained: which languages are used as mediating languages (MLs), what their respective proportions look like, and which possible reasons for using a language other than English as the ML can be identified. The corpus reveals that out of all novels translated into Swedish during the period under study, 1.3% (70 novels) were indirect translations, and out of these 70, more than two thirds have English as the ML. A search into the cases where English has not been used produced a list of suggested reasons regarding the choice of ML. The most often occurring explanation seems to be that no English translation existed, or that such a translation was already indirect.
Gulag translations and Cold War antinomies
Authors: Baer Brian James
Published: July 2021

This article examines the phenomenon of Gulag translations, or translations done by incarcerated political prisoners in the Soviet Union, and the discourse surrounding it in order to think past the traditional binary of official/dissident that has dominated western scholarship on communist culture for decades. Understanding the discursive overlap of official and non-official or intelligentsia discourse regarding Gulag translations suggests shared values and shared views on translation as noble, self-sacrificing work. This is not to say that the intelligentsia were necessarily mimicking official rhetoric but, more probably, that both official and intelligentsia discourse fed from a common discursive repertoire developed in the nineteenth century. The article highlights the need to evaluate translations and translation thinking within the specific socio-cultural context that produced it and in which it circulates.
“Linkage to care” among people living with HIV – definition in the era of “universal test and treat” in a sub-Sahara African setting
Authors: Magnolini Raphael , Senkoro Elizabeth , Vanobberghen Fiona , Weisser Maja
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Prompt linkage to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care after diagnosis is of utmost importance for individual health and reduction of HIV transmission. Different definitions for “linkage to care” have challenged comparisons as a public health marker. Its meaning in the era of “universal test and treat” has transformed in all settings, but is most relevant in sub-Sahara Africa, where the burden of new HIV infection is still highest.

METHODS
For this narrative review on “linkage to care” definitions with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa, we searched PubMed/Medline between September and December 2020, restricted to the period 2000–2020 using Boolean operators: “HIV” AND (“linkage to care” OR “engagement in care”) and screened for institutional definitions of “linkage to care”. Additionally, as one example of a rural sub-Saharan African setting, we analysed linkage steps within the Chronic Diseases Clinic Ifakara (CDCI) and its associated Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort (KIULARCO) in rural Tanzania between 1 January 2017 and 31 March 2019.

RESULTS
We analysed 81 articles that included “linkage to care” within different study settings and HIV organisations. Major differences in defining “linkage to care” exist, according to setting and location, patient populations and the timing of steps within the linkage process. We identified 16 different numerators and 10 denominators used to define linkage with time periods ranging from “same day as diagnosis” up to 12 months after diagnosis among 34 original articles from sub-Saharan Africa. At the CDCI, 1149/1671 (69%) newly diagnosed individuals were enrolled into care after diagnosis. Three months after enrolment into care, 94%, 86%, 85% and 71% of enrolled patients had a laboratory evaluation, a clinical evaluation, were initiated on treatment and had a first clinical follow-up visit after initiation of treatment, respectively.

DUSCUSSION
To address the inconsistency in defining “linkage to care” and in order to guarantee the comparability of “linkage to care” in the sub-Saharan Africa region, we support the definition from the European region with some adaptions. We suggest a priority list of care indicators if more than one care indicator is available for successful “linkage to care” in the era of “universal test and treat” for sub-Sahara Africa.
The French Art of the Natural Horn Playing and the Adaptation of Valve Mechanisms in the 19th Century
Authors: Rozwadowska Alicja
Published: July 2021

The article is an attempt at identifying issues related to the problem of the adaptation of valve mechanisms in Parisian orchestras and Conservatoire. Opinions and postulates of supporters and opponents are being presented, as well as the concepts of combining the valve instrument with the use of the natural horn playing technique. In this context, the perspective of natural horn players, who contributed to the significant delay in the adaptation of valve horns in Paris, are being discussed. Further parts of the text explain the construction of natural horns commonly used in the discussed period in France (cor solo and cor d’orchestre), as well as various issues related to the specific playing technique. The differences between cor alto and cor basse are being examined as well as the concept of cor mixte proposed by Frédéric Duvernoy.
Necati Cumalı’nın Tiyatrolarında Türk Tarihi
Authors: ŞENGÜL Abdullah
Published: July 2021

Modern tiyatronun ilk örneklerinden itibaren karşılaştığımız tarihi malzemeyi sahnede anlatma düşüncesi Çağdaş Türk tiyatrosunun da ilgi alanında kalmaya devam etmektedir. Türk tiyatrosuna birçok oyun kazandıran Necati Cumalı, iki oyununda Türk tarihinin yakın dönemini ele alır. Bunlardan birincisi siyasi tarihte 12 Mart Muhtırası olarak bilinen ve toplumu huzursuz eden ve daha çok gençler üzerinden sürdürülen sağ-sol kavgalarıdır. İkincisi ise Modern edebiyatın inşasında önemli rol oynayan ve düşünce tarihimiz açısından da önemli bir isim olan Namık Kemal’in adeta belgesel nitelikte anlatıldığı maceralarla dolu olan hayatıdır. Özellikle Yürüyen Geceyi Dinle ismiyle sahneye taşıdığı ve 12 Mart dönemini anlattığı eser, kullandığı dil itibariyle bir kesim tarafından hoş karşılanmamış ve Necati Cumalı’nın bu oyunda kullandığı dilin gerçekleştirilmek istenen devrime zarar verdiği ileri sürülmüştür. Oysa oyunun toplumun genel kabulleri üzerinden ve hayatında hiç hukukun dışına çıkmamış solcu bir aydın tarafından verilen mesajı, dönem açısından çok gerekli olan bir dili barındırmaktadır. Namık Kemal’in kısa ama dolu dolu yaşadığı hayat mücadelesi sadece kendi devriyle değil; çok daha sonra Anadolu’da tutuşan bağımsızlık ve hürriyet ateşinin ilk ve en önemli kıvılcımları olarak ele alınır. Onun sahip olduğu heyecan eserleri vasıtasıyla sonraki dönem taşınır ve Cumhuriyet düşüncesinin çıkış noktasını oluşturur. Necati Cumalı, bütün oyunlarında kullandığı özgün dili gelenekten kopmadan başarır. Bütün bu özellikleriyle Necati Cumalı edebiyatımızın orijinal isimlerinden biridir.
Pharmacy, nursing, and physician assistant studies student self-report and perceptions regarding classroom etiquette
Authors: Klausner Eytan A. , Pitchford Kandi D. , Schmidhammer James L. , Phillips Billie R.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The study aimed to investigate pharmacy, physician assistant studies, and nursing students’ self-report regarding their classroom etiquette and perceptions regarding classroom etiquette.    
Methods: A survey regarding classroom etiquette was administered to first year pharmacy, physician assistant studies, and nursing students. Statistical analysis was performed to determine differences among various student behaviours and perceptions, and among students of the three academic programmes.        
Results: Most students (>84%) indicated that arriving late to class, leaving the classroom during lecture without returning, initiating a conversation with a peer during lecture, and conducting non-class-related activities with electronic devices during lecture are unprofessional. Students self-reported that tardiness and leaving and returning to the classroom during lecture are not rare. Most students (52%) indicated that it is acceptable to have a conversation with a peer while the professor is teaching if the conversation is directly related to the lecture material. Some students (27%) indicated that the non-class-related activities that they conduct during lecture using their laptop or tablet device affected their academic performance. More students reported their academic performance is adversely affected by non-academic use of laptop or tablet device compared to the use of cell phones.       
Conclusion: This study suggests there are opportunities to improve student classroom etiquette in various academic settings. Moreover, it may bring a greater awareness to the issue of classroom etiquette, and thereby encourage faculty and administration to evaluate, and/or better enforce policies related to classroom etiquette.
EMPODERAMENTO DAS MULHERES ATRAVÉS DE CAMPANHAS CONTRA A VIOLÊNCIA
Authors: Acevedo Claudia Rosa , Al Et
Published: July 2021

Marketing Social é o uso das ferramentas do Mix de Marketing para trazer mudanças positivas para a sociedade, numa causa sem fins lucrativos. Ele é comumente utilizado por governos em estratégias como campanhas antitabagistas, contra a direção alcoolizada e combate a doenças. A Lei Maria da Penha e a Campanha Ligue 180 são exemplos de campanhas de marketing social voltadas ao empoderamento feminino. Este trabalho buscou avaliar os resultados destas campanhas nas vidas de duas gerações de mulheres. Divididas em dois grupos etários e entrevistadas, pôde-se entender o que estas mulheres entendem empoderamento como liberdade de expressão e tratamento igualitário; que não acreditam na efetividade das leis de proteção à mulher; e que, apesar de não acabarem com o problema, ao menos as campanhas ajudam a conscientizar a mulher em estado de risco sobre como pedir auxílio. Devido à metodologia e caráter homogêneo da amostra, este estudo não pode ser generalizado.

Palavras-chave: Empoderamento. Mulher. Violência.

 

 

Abstract

Social Marketing is the use of Marketing Mix tools in order to bring positive change to society, with no lucrative goals. It is most commonly used by governments in strategies such as anti-smoking campaigns, anti-drunk driving and for fighting diseases. The Maria da Penha Law and the Ligue 180 Campaign are examples of social marketing campaigns aimed towards empowering women. This paper sought to measure the results of these campaigns in the lives of two generations of women. They were divided by age and interviewed, allowing us to understand that they saw empowerment as freedom of speech and egalitarian treatment; that the laws don’t protect women as they should; and, even though the campaigns don’t solve the problems, at least they bring awareness to abused women that they can seek help. Due to the methodology and homogeneity of the sample used, this study cannot be generalized.

Keywords: Empowerment. Woman. Violence.
Identifikasi Tingkat Kekukumuhan Kawasan Pemukiman Teratak Buluh Kabupaten Kampar
Authors: Mashuri Mashuri
Published: July 2021

Kompleksitas kegiatan dan perekonomian di kawasan perkotaan menjadi daya tarik masyarakat untuk melakukan migrasi yang berdampak terhadap intensitas perkotaan. Perkembangan yang tidak terkendali pada suatu kawasan akan menyebabkan timbulnya dampak negatif terhadap tampilan kawasan perkotaan. Salah satu dampak negatif adalah munculnya kawasan pemukiman kumuh yang dapat menurunkan citra dan tidak layak huni. Kawasan Teratak Buluh adalah suatu kawasan berbatasan langsung dengan Kota Pekanbaru sehingga menjadi gerbang ibukota Provinsi Riau dan memiliki posisi startegis sebagai jalur lintas antar Provinsi Sumatera. Kelebihan tersebut tidak diikuti dengan penataan kawasan dengan baik, sehingga kawasan ini menjadi kawasan kumuh perkotaan dengan luas 15.7 Ha. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi lingkungan dan tingkat kekumuhan kawasan dengan menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Nomor 2 Tahun 2016 Tentang Peningkatan Kualitas Terhadap Perumahan Kumuh dan Permukiman Kumuh seperti kondisi bangunan gedung, kondisi jalan lingkungan, kondisi penyediaan air minum, kondisi drainase lingkungan, kondisi pengolahan air limbah, kondisi pengolahan persampahan, dan kondisi proteksi kebakaran. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan identifikasi tingkat kekumuhan kawasan Teratak Buluh pada kategori kumuh ringan. Presentase tertinggi atau masalah utama kekumuhan pada kawasan ini adalah rendahnya aspek kondisi proteksi kebakaran dan kondisi pengelolaan persampahan
Pengembangan Modul Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Teknik Permainan Kolaboratif untuk Meningkatkan Perilaku Empati Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Utamy Diah , Afiati Evi , Dian Dia Conia Putri
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan perilaku empati anak usia dini yang perlu untuk ditingkatkan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu melalui bimbingan kelompok dengan teknik permainan kolaboratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul bimbingan kelompok dengan teknik permainan kolaboratif, yang diharapkan dapat membantu guru taman kanak-kanak dalam memberikan layanan bimbingan kelompok. Modul yang dikembangkan berupa buku bahan ajar yang dapat digunakan sebagai panduan pelaksanaan kegiatan. Tujuannya untuk memberikan kemudahan kepada guru dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan bimbingan kelompok, sehingga fokus pada layanan yang diberikan, serta dapat memberikan rangsangan pada anak dalam meningkatkan perilaku empati. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (R&D) dengan mengadaptasi model pengembangan ADDIE yang disederhanakan oleh peneliti kedalam tiga tahapan yaitu analisis, perancangan dan pengembangan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan uji kelayakan ahli terhadap produk yang dikembangkan. Adapun teknik pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah skala likert, yang disajikan dalam bentuk data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil uji kelayakan yang telah dilakukan terhadap produk pengembangan, memperoleh hasil rata-rata 93%, artinya modul bimbingan kelompok dengan teknik permainan kolaboratif untuk meningkatkan empati anak usia dini yang dikembangkan termasuk dalam kategori “sangat layak.”
Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Perilaku Kumpul Kebo (Samen Leven) Menurut RUU KUHP
Authors: Amelia Fathia Rizky
Published: July 2021

Perbuatan kumpul kebo atau samen leven yang terjadi di Indonesia merupakan salah satu perbuatan yang menyimpang dan merusak moral generasi anak bangsa. Perilaku kumpul kebo dinilai tidak sesuai dengan norma, adat istiadat dan agama, terlebih lagi di Indonesia yang sangat menjunjung tinggi kesopanan dan agama. Kemudian perbuatan kumpul kebo sendiri dapat berakibat buruk dan kerugian terlebih bagi kaum wanita yang mana dampak dari perbuatan kumpul kebo tersebut bisa menyebabkan para remaja yang masih belia hamil diluar nikah bahkan melakukan aborsi. Sangat miris jika dikaitkan dengan budaya dan adat istiadat di Indonesia yang menjunjung tinggi nilai ketimuran dan kesopanan.Penyebab terjadinya perilaku kumpul kebo diantaranya, karena kurangnya perhatian dan didikan dari orangtua, pengaruh lingkungan yang tidak baik, tontonan pornografi dan ketidaksiapan menikah secara mental serta terakhir yang menjadi alasan yaitu faktor ekonomi yang mengharuskan seseorang melakukan perbuatan samen leven demi mencukupi kehidupan sehari-hari. Kemudian, secara yuridis pelaku perbuatan kumpul kebo dirasa masih belum mendapatkan sanksi dan aturan tegas. Maka dari itu penulis ingin mengetahui dan mengkaji mengenai peraturan perbuatan kumpul kebo dan kebijakan hukum pidana dalam mengatasi perilaku tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif, yaitu memusatkan penelitian pada penelitian kepustakaan, sumber datanya diambil dari buku dan peraturan Undang-Undang.  Dari berbagai pro kontra mengenai adanya kebijakan maupun peraturan tentang kumpul kebo, penulis berharap RKUHP dapat lebih melindungi kaum perempuan dan mengurangi tingkat aborsi di Indonesia dengan aturan tegas mengenai perilaku samen leven. Karena dengan adanya aturan tegas yang diterapkan maka akan mengurangi perilaku menyimpang diluar perkawinan dan perilaku seks bebas.
‘Weird and fantastic realism’: Science and Stories in the Work of Grant Allen
Authors: Mills Beth
Published: July 2021

Grant Allen (1848-1899) was a well-known populariser of natural history who was widely recognised for his extensive knowledge of science and his ability to refashion complex ideas for general audiences. But his status as a popular writer, coupled with a lack of formal training, placed him at the margins of professional science and impeded his serious scientific ambitions. Although Allen tended to portray fiction-writing as an economic necessity, both contemporary and recent critics have noted stylistic innovations that place him within germinal popular genres of the fin de siècle. This paper aims to show that Allen’s contributions to late-Victorian popular literature derive in part from his negotiation of fiction and non-fiction genres. Focusing particularly on his experiments with the short story, it considers how and to what extent he distinguished scientific from literary writing, while revealing his views on plausibility in fiction to be more complex than is typically recognised. Little-studied reviews of Allen’s popular fiction suggest the wider contemporary impact of his experimentations. That critics recognised his style as unconventional endorses a reappraisal of his place within developments in late-Victorian popular literature.
تكنولوجيا الإعلام الرقمي والتغير الاجتماعي: دراسة ظاهرة الابتزاز الإليكتروني في وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في سلطنة عمان
Authors: إبراهيم بهاء الدين محمد , البطاشي سامي راشد
Published: July 2021

شهد الوطن العربي منذ منتصف تسعينيات القرن الماضي ثورة إعلامية واتصالية هائلة تمثلت في ظهور الإنترنت، وظهرت وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي (الميديا الاجتماعية) كأحد روافد تلك الثورة التكنلوجية، وكانت دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي من أكثر المـتأثرين بهذا التطور التكنلوجي في الاتصال لتطورها الاقتصادي، فهي لم تفق بعد دهشتها أمام ثورة الأقمار الصناعية وتعدد قنواتها التلفزيونية حتى وجدت نفسها أمام وسائل تواصل جديدة تطرق بابها بلا استئذان. وكأي تكنلوجيا جديدة، لها مزايا وسلبيات، عيوب وفوائد لا تحصي، قادت وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي لتحولات اجتماعية عميقة في دول الخليج العربي باعتبارها من ضمن أكثر الدول نشاطاً تكنلوجياً وفقاً لتقرير الاتحاد الدولي للاتصالات.
تناقش الورقة البحثية التغيرات الاجتماعية التي صاحبت ظهور تلك الوسائل الاتصالية الجديدة بالتركيز على ما صاحبها من جانب سلبي كظاهرة الجريمة الإليكترونية وتحديداً ظاهرة الابتزاز الإليكتروني في سلطنة عمُان. والتي تشير الإحصائيات الدولية إلى أن أعدد مستخدمي الإنترنت فيها بلغ في نهاية يناير 2019م قرابة 3,780,000 أي ما يمثل 77% من إجمالي عدد السكان. وتهدف الدراسة لمعرفة التغيرات السلوكية التي صاحبت الاستخدام السلبي لوسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في سلطنة عمُان بتسليط الضوء على ظاهرة الابتزاز الإليكتروني باعتبارها ظاهرة دخيلة على المجتمع العمُاني المحافظ.
وخلصت الدراسة بعد تحليل الإحصائيات التي صدرت من الجهات الرسمية إلى أن أكثر عدد حالات الابتزاز الإليكتروني التي سجلت في السلطنة كانت في العام 2017 وهو العام الذي زاد فيه عدد المستخدمين لوسائل التواصل الاجتماعي 600 ألف مستخدم جديد. ولتفادي تلك الجرائم يجب التركيز على توعية الشباب وذلك بالتأكيد على خطورة تلك الجرائم الإليكترونية على مجتمعاتنا العربية، وتوعية أولياء الأمور بمراقبة سلوك أبنائهم على تلك المنصات الإعلامية.
PERFIL DOS PACIENTES E PADRÃO DE LESÕES EM TRAUMATISMOS FACIAIS ATENDIDOS NO HOSPITAL GERAL DO ESTADO DE ALAGOAS
Authors: Teixeira Moreira Raphael
Published: July 2021

The trauma of the face appears with great incidence in physical aggressions and accidents, by the position of vulnerability in the body. It is subject to modifications of the etiologic agent and lesion pattern according to the socio-cultural and economic profile of the region. This study has a transverse, observational nature, of predominantly descriptive analysis. The same was done at the General Hospital of the State of Alagoas, using data collected from patient records from January to June 2012, with the aim of tracing the epidemiological profile of victims of facial trauma, with the following variables: gender, age, etiology, and alcohol intake. The lesion pattern, type and location on the face were also analyzed. During the study, a prevalence of 72% of males was observed, with the majority of the victims being adults or young people, reaching 35.6% and 32% of the cases, respectively. As to the type of lesion, the most frequent was the contusion (90.6%) and the region most affected corresponded to the nasal (21%). The most frequent etiologies corresponded to traffic accidents (33%) and falls (33%). Fifteen percent of the individuals involved in traffic accidents made use of alcoholic beverage. From this study can be provided useful data for the elaboration of public policies for preventive campaigns, more appropriate to the situation lived by the population, as well as clinical protocols.
The Effect of R&D Expenditure on CO2 Emissions in Austria
Authors: Artha Bhenu , Bahri Bahri , Khairi Ardhi , Fernando Fernando
Published: July 2021

The developed financial sector can significantly provide financial services to developing economies by the motive as well as best opportunity of using new advanced technology; it may help them to maintain clean environment with help of environmentally friendly production, thus providing with a higher level of the global environmental quality and further it will boost sustainable development of economies (J. Frankel & Rose, 2002). Financial development would increase R&D investment as to speed up growth, thereby influencing the environmental quality (J. A. Frankel & Romer, 1999). The objective of this research is to determine the effect of R&D expenditure on CO2 emissions in Austria in 1996-2006. We presented a quantitative study using simple linear regression to analyze the data and as a result of this process, we found that R&D expenditure has significant effect to CO2 emissions in Austria in 1996-2006. The fact that R&D influence on CO2 emissions can be positive, negative and insignificant must be taken into account when designing environmental policies and various programs, strategies and initiatives to encourage and fund R&D activities, in the context of environmental protection, government efforts should be strictly focused on the promotion and support of R&D programs directly aimed at reducing CO2 emissions and increasing the use thereof (Petrović & Lobanov, 2020).
Ex Ante Ethical Perceptions Of Individual Taxpayers Regarding Tax Evasion
Authors: Yuliana Andika , Puspitosari Indriyana
Published: July 2021

In the theory of planned behavior, a person's perception will determine his attitude. Likewise, one's perception of tax evasion will affect one's compliance in taxation. This study aims to examine the effect of tax fairness, tax culture, love of money and gender on the perception of individual taxpayers on the ethics of tax evasion. This study uses individual taxpayer respondents from KP2KP Sragen, amounting to 80 people. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The results show that if tax fairness and tax culture increase, the perception of taxpayers regarding the ethics of tax evasion will decrease. which then encourages individual taxpayers to not comply in carrying out their tax obligations.
LIVROS ESCOLARES E MATERIAIS SUPLEMENTARES PARA O ENSINO DA LEITURA E DA ESCRITA NO ESTADO DO TEXAS (EUA)
Authors: Peres Eliane Teresinha
Published: July 2021

Neste texto são apresentados alguns dados de pesquisa acerca dos livros escolares (didáticos e literários) e dos materiais suplementares produzidos e usados no estado do Texas, Estados Unidos, para o ensino da leitura e da escrita. O objetivo principal é, com isso, problematizar alguns discursos correntes no Brasil, em especial aquele que referencia o uso da instrução fônica naquele contexto. Os resultados da investigação evidenciaram que, embora a instrução fônica seja parte do programa escolar estadunidense, ela está sempre associada ao texto, literário ou informativo. Nesse sentido, são apresentados três aspectos constatados nos materiais instrucionais e nas salas de aula do contexto pesquisado: 1) a centralidade do livro e o foco no texto; 2) a recorrência do uso da palavra no processo de alfabetização; 3) a presença dos exercícios fônicos trabalhados no “contexto do texto”.