bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of rainfall on smoke dynamics in longitudinally ventilated tunnels: model-scale fire test study
Authors: Luan Dia , Bielawski Jakub , Fan Chuangang , Węgrzyńsk Wojciech , Huang Xinyan
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of rainfall on smoke dynamics and critical velocity in longitudinally ventilated tunnels through model-scale fire tests. The results show that the maximum ceiling excess temperature decreases as ventilation velocity increases. When rainfall is present, the maximum ceiling excess temperature initially increases and then decreases with higher rainfall intensity. A prediction model has been developed to evaluate the impact of rainfall on the maximum ceiling temperature. The temperature distribution on the side where rainfall occurs is not affected by rainfall itself but is determined solely by ventilation velocity. Additionally, a model has been proposed to predict the decay of the ceiling temperature on the rainfall side. The decay of ceiling temperature on the ventilation side is not influenced by rainfall parameters or fire power when tunnel airflow is primarily driven by either rainfall-induced airflow or ventilation airflow. The presence of rainfall requires a higher critical velocity, and a model for predicting critical velocity has been proposed considering rainfall intensity. This study contributes to our understanding of smoke dynamics in tunnel fires under rainfall conditions and provides valuable insights into smoke control during adverse weather.
Therapeutic applications and challenges in myostatin inhibition for enhanced skeletal muscle mass and functions
Authors: Wetzlich Brock , Nyakundi Benard B. , Yang Jinzeng
Published: September 2024

Myostatin, a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, has garnered significant attention as a therapeutic target for muscle dystrophies. Despite extensive research and promising preclinical results, clinical trials targeting myostatin inhibition in muscle dystrophies have failed to yield substantial improvements in muscle function or fitness in patients. This review details the mechanisms behind myostatin’s function and the various inhibitors that have been tested preclinically and clinically. It also examines the challenges encountered in clinical translation, including issues with drug specificity, differences in serum myostatin concentrations between animal models and humans, and the necessity of neural input for functional improvements. Additionally, we explore promising avenues of research beyond muscle dystrophies, particularly in the treatment of metabolic syndromes and orthopedic disorders. Insights from these alternative applications suggest that myostatin inhibition may hold the potential for addressing a broader range of pathologies, providing new directions for therapeutic development.
Enhancing Spatial Analysis through Reference Multi-Criteria Methods: A Study Evaluating EU Countries in terms of Sustainable Cities and Communities
Authors: Górecka Dorota , Roszkowska Ewa
Published: September 2024

Multidimensional regional socio-economic analyses should take into account the complexity and spatial diversity of the European Union (EU). Using reference multi-criteria methods, this paper proposes a comprehensive framework to facilitate spatial analyses. The methodology is based on two modified multi-criteria techniques, namely TOPSIS and BIPOLAR, which include reference points for evaluation and rank-ordering objects. In TOPSIS objects are ordered directly concerning distances from the ideal and the anti-ideal points, whereas in BIPOLAR they are compared indirectly utilising two sets of reference objects: desirable (“good”) and undesirable (“bad”). Furthermore, the distinction between internal and external reference points is examined. The motivation behind this study lies in monitoring progress towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in different areas while considering objectives set out in the Agenda 2030—a complex plan of transformation for people, planet, peace, and prosperity adopted by United Nations Member States and focused on realizing 17 SDGs and 169 targets integrated into the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. To prove the usability of the proposed framework, we applied it to measure the spatial diversity of EU countries in terms of implementing SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. The analysis is conducted for the years 2015 and 2019 and is based on eight EU sustainable development indicators. The findings are showcased as rankings and depicted via maps for identifying analogous regions in the EU. The research indicates varying levels of achievement in meeting the SDG 11 objective among EU countries, with northern countries performing significantly better than southern ones.
Dynamics of rain-triggered lahars and destructive power inferred from seismo-acoustic arrays and time-lapse camera correlation at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala
Authors: Bosa Ashley R. , Bejar Gustavo , Waite Gregory P. , Mock Jerry C. , Pineda Armando , Anderson Jacob F.
Published: September 2024

Lahars, or volcanic mudflows, are one of the most devastating natural, volcanic hazards. Deadly lahars, such as the one that occurred after the Nevado del Ruiz, Columbia eruption in 1985, in which at least 23,000 people tragically lost their lives, threaten the safety and well-being of humans, the economy, and the infrastructure of many of the communities living in the vicinity of volcanoes. Due to their complex flow behaviors, lahars remain a major challenge to those studying them. We present an analysis of several rain-triggered lahar events at Volcán Fuego in Guatemala using both seismic and infrasound monitoring to quantify both ground vibrations and low-frequency atmospheric sound waves associated with these mudflows. Geophysical data collected over this field campaign quantifies flow parameters such as velocities, stage and the frequency of these rain-triggered lahars. Time-lapse imagery of lahar flows is compared with filtered seismo-acoustic signal characteristics to ascertain stage predictions and relationship to stage fluxes. Using random forest regression models, we establish moderate correlations (correlation coefficient modes 0.48–0.53) with statistical significance (p value = 0.01–0.02) between signal energetics and respective stage. Compiling a catalog of rain-triggered lahar events in Volcán de Fuego’s drainages over a season permits a dataset amenable to statistical analysis. Our goal is the development of new-generation geophysical monitoring tools that will be capable of remote and real-time estimation of flow parameters.
Significant individual change should be used as a lower bound for anchor based estimates of meaningful change on patient-reported outcome scores
Authors: Peipert John Devin , Cella David , Hays Ron D.
Published: September 2024

Interpretation of patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores has been supported by identifying score thresholds or ranges that indicate clinical importance. There has been a recent focus on the estimation of meaningful within patient change (MWPC). While much attention has been focused on anchor-based methods, some researchers prefer that a lower bound to these estimates should exceed a change score that could be observed due to measurement error alone as a safeguard against misclassifying individual patients as changed when they have not. The standard error of measurement (SEM) is often used as the lower bound of anchor estimates. Here, we argue that the SEM is not an the best lower bound for MWPCs. Instead, statistically significant individual change as calculated by the reliable change index (RCI) should be used as the lower bound. Our argument is based on two points. First, conceptually, the SEM does not provide specific enough information to serve as a lower bound for MWPCs, which should be based on the level of observed score change that is unlikely to be due to chance alone. Second, the SEM is not appropriate for direct application to observed scores, and requires a multiplier when examining observed change instead of true change. We conclude with recommendations for using the RCI with a thoughtful range of p-values in combination with anchor estimates.
The OpenCitations Index: description of a database providing open citation data
Authors: Heibi Ivan , Moretti Arianna , Peroni Silvio , Soricetti Marta
Published: September 2024

This article presents the OpenCitations Index, a collection of open citation data maintained by OpenCitations, an independent, not-for-profit infrastructure organisation for open scholarship dedicated to publishing open bibliographic and citation data using Semantic Web and Linked Open Data technologies. The collection involves citation data harvested from multiple sources. To address the possibility of different sources providing citation data for bibliographic entities represented with different identifiers, therefore potentially representing same citation, a deduplication mechanism has been implemented. This ensures that citations integrated into OpenCitations Index are accurately identified uniquely, even when different identifiers are used. This mechanism follows a specific workflow, which encompasses a preprocessing of the original source data, a management of the provided bibliographic metadata, and the generation of new citation data to be integrated into the OpenCitations Index. The process relies on another data collection—OpenCitations Meta, and on the use of a new globally persistent identifier, namely OMID (OpenCitations Meta Identifier). As of July 2024, OpenCitations Index stores over 2 billion unique citation links, harvest from Crossref, the National Institute of Heath Open Citation Collection (NIH-OCC), DataCite, OpenAIRE, and the Japan Link Center (JaLC). OpenCitations Index can be systematically accessed and queried through several services, including SPARQL endpoint, REST APIs, and web interfaces. Additionally, dataset dumps are available for free download and reuse (under CC0 waiver) in various formats (CSV, N-Triples, and Scholix), including provenance and change tracking information.
Cellulose nanocrystals from agriculture and forestry biomass: synthesis methods, characterization and industrial applications
Authors: Qureshi Sundus Saeed , Nizamuddin Sabzoi , Xu Jia , Vancov Tony , Chen Chengrong
Published: September 2024

Agricultural and forestry biomass wastes, often discarded or burned without adequate management, lead to significant environmental harm. However, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), derived from such biomass, have emerged as highly promising materials due to their unique properties, including high tensile strength, large surface area, biocompatibility, and renewability. This review provides a detailed analysis of the lignocellulosic composition, as well as the elemental and proximate analysis of different biomass sources. These assessments help determine the yield and characteristics of CNCs. Detailed discussion of CNC synthesis methods -ranging from biomass pretreatment to hydrolysis techniques such as acid, mineral, solid acid, ionic liquid, and enzymatic methods—are provided. The key physical, chemical, and thermal properties of CNCs are also highlighted, particularly in relation to their industrial applications. Recommendations for future research emphasize the need to optimize CNC synthesis processes, identify suitable biomass feedstocks, and explore new industrial applications.

Graphical Abstract
Disruption of sleep macro- and microstructure in Alzheimer’s disease: overlaps between neuropsychology, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging
Authors: Kegyes-Brassai Anna Csilla , Pierson-Bartel Robert , Bolla Gergo , Kamondi Anita , Horvath Andras Attila
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, often associated with impaired sleep quality and disorganized sleep structure. This study aimed to characterize changes in sleep macrostructure and K-complex density in AD, in relation to neuropsychological performance and brain structural changes. We enrolled 30 AD and 30 healthy control participants, conducting neuropsychological exams, brain MRI, and one-night polysomnography. AD patients had significantly reduced total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, and relative durations of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stages 2 (S2), 3 (S3), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (p < 0.01). K-complex (KC) density during the entire sleep period and S2 (p < 0.001) was significantly decreased in AD. We found strong correlations between global cognitive performance and relative S3 (p < 0.001; r = 0.86) and REM durations (p < 0.001; r = 0.87). TST and NREM stage 1 (S1) durations showed a moderate negative correlation with amygdaloid and hippocampal volumes (p < 0.02; r = 0.51–0.55), while S3 and REM sleep had a moderate positive correlation with cingulate cortex volume (p < 0.02; r = 0.45–0.61). KC density strongly correlated with global cognitive function (p < 0.001; r = 0.66) and the thickness of the anterior cingulate cortex (p < 0.05; r = 0.45–0.47). Our results indicate significant sleep organization changes in AD, paralleling cognitive decline. Decreased slow wave sleep and KCs are strongly associated with cingulate cortex atrophy. Since sleep changes are prominent in early AD, they may serve as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets.
Critical thinking in the making: students’ critical thinking practices in a multifaceted SSI project
Authors: Kolstø Stein Dankert , Paulsen Vegard Havre Paulsen , Mestad Idar
Published: September 2024

Students’ critical thinking is often researched using quantitative tests designed to measure critical thinking. In contrast, this study qualitatively analyses group and whole-class dialogues in an interdisciplinary SSI project by focusing on students’ critical thinking practices. As such, the study provides an in-depth example of an immersion approach to teaching critical thinking in an SSI classroom. The SSI project, called the Climate project, lasted 18 lessons and involved an 8th-grade mixed-ability class in a suburb on the west coast of Norway. The data consist of field notes, full-class video recordings and audio recordings of student talk in groups. Based on an interactive ethnographic perspective, patterns in the data were identified using open coding informed by conceptualizations of critical thinking followed by identification and holistic analysis of episodes characteristic of the critical thinking practices in the classroom. The study offers insight into the characteristics of young students' critical thinking in dialogic settings. The students’ interpretations, analyses, evaluations, and inferences are based on a mix of knowledge and guesswork. The analysis reveals that the two teachers involved challenged students to, for example, interpret and evaluate information, make inferences, and to suggest alternative views. Explicit teaching of critical thinking was limited. The study demonstrates that it is possible, by employing appropriate teaching strategies, to support students across all levels of abilities in actively participating in critical thinking. Additionally, it shows how specific student centered teaching strategies and students' responses to these strategies contribute to a classroom culture permeated with critical thinking practices.
Large circuit models: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Chen Lei , Chen Yiqi , Chu Zhufei , Fang Wenji , Ho Tsung-Yi , Huang Ru , Huang Yu , Khan Sadaf , Li Min , Li Xingquan , Li Yu , Liang Yun , Liu Jinwei , Liu Yi , Lin Yibo , Luo Guojie , Pan Hongyang , Shi Zhengyuan , Sun Guangyu , Tsaras Dimitrios , Wang Runsheng , Wang Ziyi , Wei Xinming , Xie Zhiyao , Xu Qiang , Xue Chenhao , Yan Junchi , Yang Jun , Yu Bei , Yuan Mingxuan , Young Evangeline F. Y. , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Haoyi , Zhang Zuodong , Zhao Yuxiang , Zhen Hui-Ling , Zheng Ziyang , Zhu Binwu , Zhu Keren , Zou Sunan
Published: September 2024

Within the electronic design automation (EDA) domain, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solutions have emerged as formidable tools, yet they typically augment rather than redefine existing methodologies. These solutions often repurpose deep learning models from other domains, such as vision, text, and graph analytics, applying them to circuit design without tailoring to the unique complexities of electronic circuits. Such an “AI4EDA” approach falls short of achieving a holistic design synthesis and understanding, overlooking the intricate interplay of electrical, logical, and physical facets of circuit data. This study argues for a paradigm shift from AI4EDA towards AI-rooted EDA from the ground up, integrating AI at the core of the design process. Pivotal to this vision is the development of a multimodal circuit representation learning technique, poised to provide a comprehensive understanding by harmonizing and extracting insights from varied data sources, such as functional specifications, register-transfer level (RTL) designs, circuit netlists, and physical layouts. We champion the creation of large circuit models (LCMs) that are inherently multimodal, crafted to decode and express the rich semantics and structures of circuit data, thus fostering more resilient, efficient, and inventive design methodologies. Embracing this AI-rooted philosophy, we foresee a trajectory that transcends the current innovation plateau in EDA, igniting a profound “shift-left” in electronic design methodology. The envisioned advancements herald not just an evolution of existing EDA tools but a revolution, giving rise to novel instruments of design-tools that promise to radically enhance design productivity and inaugurate a new epoch where the optimization of circuit performance, power, and area (PPA) is achieved not incrementally, but through leaps that redefine the benchmarks of electronic systems’ capabilities.
Description of three widespread new Peronospora species parasitising Caryophyllales
Authors: Mu Man , Choi Young-Joon , Thines Marco
Published: September 2024

Downy mildews are cosmopolitan obligate biotrophic parasites of flowering plants. They are fungus-like eukaryotes of the kingdom Straminipila, and most species are highly specialised, often parasitising only a single host species. Due to the prevalence of a broad species concept before the advent of molecular phylogenetics and the paucity of differentiating characteristics in some groups, many widespread species are still undescribed. This is also the case for some downy mildews in the clade containing the type species of Peronospora, Peronospora rumicis. Spurred by the discovery of the undescribed species parasitising Rumex acetosa at the Blávík research station in East Iceland, three new widespread species of Peronospora are introduced in this article: Peronospora blauvikensis parasitic to Rumex acetosa, P. boylei parasitic to Rumex thyrsiflorus, and P. spergulariae parasitic to Spergula marina. As the species are morphologically highly similar, a set of diagnostic bases is given for each species, allowing a quick identification via molecular barcoding.
Plasmapherese bei Sepsis
Authors: Stahl Klaus , Bode Christian , David Sascha
Published: September 2024

Trotz der nachvollziehbaren theoretischen Rationale und der biologischen Plausibilität mangelt es bis dato an eindeutiger Evidenz für oder wider extrakorporale Blutreinigungsstrategien. In den letzten 3 Jahren haben allerdings mehrere qualitativ hochwertige Untersuchungen, die sich auf eine vergleichbare Intervention beziehen, darauf hingewiesen, dass die unselektive Entfernung von zirkulierenden Mediatoren bei kritisch kranken Sepsispatienten unerwartet schädlich sein könnte. Der therapeutische Plasmaaustausch (TPE) ist zwar auch eine extrakorporale Behandlung, verfolgt aber einen grundlegend anderen biologischen Ansatz. Hierbei wird das gesamte Plasmavolumen entfernt und zeitgleich mit gesundem Spenderplasma ersetzt. Die Hypothese hinter einem günstigen Effekt des TPE auf die Pathophysiologie der Sepsis basiert hierbei auf der Idee, die Beseitigung übermäßiger schädigender Mediatoren mit der Substitution schützender, aber in der Sepsis verbrauchter Faktoren zu kombinieren. Mehrere rezente Metanalysen, welche die Ergebnisse u. a. des EXCHANGE-Studienprogramms und von retrospektiven Propensity-Score-Analysen der letzten Jahre einbeziehen, finden entsprechend übereinstimmend ein signifikant verbessertes Überleben bei zusätzlich mit TPE behandelten Patienten im septischen Schock. Der Beweis, dass TPE tatsächlich das Überleben von Patienten mit septischem Schock verbessern kann, steht allerdings noch aus.
Cloud point extraction and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles isolated from infant milk formulas
Authors: Salinas-Lucero Gloria , Juarez-Moreno Karla , Vazquez-Duhalt Rafael
Published: September 2024

The increasing presence of nanoparticles in food products, especially in those consumed by sensitive populations like infants, raises justified health concerns. The presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in three different commercial infant milk formulas were analyzed. In addition, one maternal food supplement was included in this study. Notably, existing regulations lack specificity regarding the size distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) and the maximum permissible concentrations in commercial infant products. Except in one sample, the total zinc content exceeded the reported amount in the nutritional label, which varied from 34 to 119 µg/g. This work validated the cloud point extraction (CPE) technique for the effective isolation of ZnO-NPs from the selected products. CPE was then used to evaluate the ZnO-NPs concentrations in commercially available infant formulas and maternal supplements. Using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), the ZnO-NPs and total Zn concentrations were determined. The ZnO-NPs concentration ranged from 16 to 39 µg/g, representing a considerable portion of the total zinc content. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated the presence of nanoparticles with an average diameter of 6.3 nm. The NPs size could determine their cell internalization, and thus, the potential cytotoxic effects are discussed. These findings underscore the need for rigorous isolation and quantification of nanoparticles from infant milk formulas, and as an inevitable first step for in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies to address the potential health impact of nanoparticles in food products.
Learning curve of robotic assisted microsurgery in surgeons with different skill levels: a prospective preclinical study
Authors: von Reibnitz Donata , Weinzierl Andrea , Grünherz Lisanne , Giovanoli Pietro , Lindenblatt Nicole
Published: September 2024

Achieving precision in microsurgery requires skill, adequate instruments and magnification, as well as extensive training. Dedicated surgical robotic systems have enhanced and expanded the application of (super-)microsurgical techniques by introducing motion scaling and providing improved surgeon ergonomics. In this prospective preclinical trial, we analyzed the learning curve in robotic assisted microsurgery in 13 participants including medical students, residents, and attending physicians. Data on demographics as well as prior experience in surgery, microsurgery, and gaming were collected. In three study sessions, the participants performed nine microsurgical anastomoses each on 2 mm vessel models using the Symani® Surgical System in combination the VITOM 3D exoscope. A senior expert microsurgeon reviewed the de-identified and blinded videos and scored all anastomoses using a modified “Structured Assessment of Microsurgical Skills” (SARMS) score. All participants significantly reduced their time needed per anastomosis and their overall SARMS score, as well as individual scores for motion and speed throughout the trial. We saw a significant correlation of prior years of practice in surgery with the overall mean time and mean SARMS score. In a separate analysis of the three sessions, this influence could no longer be seen in the last session. Furthermore, we found no significant effect of gender, age, hand dominance, or gaming experience on speed and quality of the anastomoses. In this study of 117 robotic assisted anastomoses, a rapid improvement of performance of all participants with different surgical skills levels could be shown, serving as encouraging evidence for further research in the implementation of microsurgical robotic systems.
An Ontological Reading of Sufism: Examining Sufism Through the Philosophy of Heidegger
Authors: Milani Milad
Published: September 2024

This article presents an ontological reading of Sufism in the style of Heidegger’s ontological examination of ancient philosophy. In this regard, it is a novel approach to the study of Sufism as a metaphysical conundrum within the Islamic context. The article explores what we mean by the nature of Sufism and the question of “being Sufi.” It does this for two reasons: to show the frontiers of metaphysical reasoning in Islamic intellectual history and to demonstrate that Sufism is the “setting-into-work” of the mystical within the Islamic.
Cancer Development and Progression in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Seuthe Katharina , Picard Felix Simon Ruben , Winkels Holger , Pfister Roman
Published: September 2024

Purpose of Review

The co-occurrence of heart failure (HF) and cancer represents a complex and multifaceted medical challenge. Patients with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly HF, exhibit an increased risk of cancer development, raising questions about the intricate interplay between these two prevalent conditions. This review aims to explore the evolving landscape of cancer development in patients with HF, shedding light on potential mechanisms, risk factors, and clinical implications.

Recent Findings

Epidemiological data suggests higher cancer incidences and higher cancer mortality in HF patients, which are potentially more common in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction due to related comorbidities. Moreover, recent preclinical data identified novel pathways and mediators including the protein SerpinA3 as potential drivers of cancer progression in HF patients, suggesting HF as an individual risk factor for cancer development.

The review emphasizes preliminary evidence supporting cancer development in patients with HF, which offers several important clinical interventions such as cancer screening in HF patients, prevention addressing both HF and cancer, and molecular targets to treat cancer. However, there is need for more detailed understanding of molecular and cellular cross-talk between cancer and HF which can be derived from prospective assessments of cancer-related outcomes in CV trials and preclinical research of molecular mechanisms.
The Different Responsiveness of C3- and C5-deficient Murine BM Cells to Oxidative Stress Explains Why C3 Deficiency, in Contrast to C5 Deficiency, Correlates with Better Pharmacological Mobilization and Engraftment of Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Konopko Adrian , Łukomska Agnieszka , Kucia Magdalena , Ratajczak Mariusz Z.
Published: September 2024

The liver-derived circulating in peripheral blood and intrinsic cell-expressed complement known as complosome orchestrate the trafficking of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) both during pharmacological mobilization and homing/engraftment after transplantation. Our previous research demonstrated that C3 deficient mice are easy mobilizers, and their HSPCs engraft properly in normal mice. In contrast, C5 deficiency correlates with poor mobilization and defects in HSPCs’ homing and engraftment. The trafficking of HSPCs during mobilization and homing/engraftment follows the sterile inflammation cues in the BM microenvironment caused by stress induced by pro-mobilizing drugs or myeloablative conditioning for transplantation. Therefore, to explain deficiencies in HSPC trafficking between C3-KO and C5-KO mice, we evaluated the responsiveness of C3 and C5 deficient cells to low oxidative stress. As reported, oxidative stress in BM is mediated by the activation of purinergic signaling, which is triggered by the elevated level of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) and by the activation of the complement cascade (ComC). In the current work, we noticed that BM lineage negative cells (lin−) isolated from C3-KO mice display several mitochondrial defects reflected by an impaired ability to adapt to oxidative stress. In contrast, C5-KO-derived BM cells show a high level of adaptation to this challenge. To support this data, C3-KO BM lin− cells were highly responsive to eATP stimulation, which correlates with enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and more efficient activation of intracellular Nlrp3 inflammasome. We conclude that the enhanced sensitivity of C3-KO mice cells to oxidative stress and better activation of the Nox2-ROS-Nlrp3 inflammasome signaling axis explains the molecular level differences in trafficking between C3- and C5-deficient HSPCs.

Graphical Abstract
TRPV4 Channel in Neurological Disease: from Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Zhang Feng , Mehta Hritik , Choudhary Hadi Hasan , Islam Rezwanul , Hanafy Khalid A.
Published: September 2024

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a non-selective cation channel with pivotal roles in various physiological processes, including osmosensitivity, mechanosensation, neuronal development, vascular tone regulation, and bone homeostasis in human bodies. Recent studies have made significant progress in understanding the structure and functional role of TRPV4, shedding light on its involvement in pathological processes, particularly in the realm of neurological diseases. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted contributions of TRPV4 to neurological diseases, spanning its intricate molecular mechanisms to its potential as a target for therapeutic interventions. We delve into the structural and functional attributes of TRPV4, scrutinize its expression profile, and elucidate the possible mechanisms through which it participates in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Furthermore, we discussed recent years’ progress in therapeutic strategies aimed at harnessing TRPV4 for the treatment of these diseases. These insights will provide a basis for understanding and designing modality-specific pharmacological agents to treat TRPV4-associated disorders.
Triolena anisophylla (Melastomataceae), a new and threatened species endemic to Panama
Authors: Samra Kate E. , Michelangeli Fabián A. , Lucas Eve J.
Published: September 2024

A new species of Triolena, endemic to Colón Province, Panama, is described and illustrated. The specimens of this taxon were previously identified as Triolena lanceolata, but closer inspection has shown them to be morphologically and geographically distinct. Triolena anisophylla K.Samra & Michelang. grows on rocks and tree trunks along rivers in Colón Province. This species is distinguishable by its strongly anisophyllous leaves and unique trichomes on the adaxial surface of the leaves. A complete description, distribution map, preliminary conservation assessment, taxonomic notes, and regional key are provided.
Sensor fusion of robotic total station and inertial navigation system for 6DoF tracking applications
Authors: Thalmann Tomas , Neuner Hans
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a novel approach for sensor fusion of robotic total station (RTS) and inertial navigation system (INS) to enable 6-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) pose estimation. Tight coupling of a spherical measurement model for RTS is developed, providing advantages over the traditional cartesian 3D-position measurement model, including supporting INS solution when distance measurements are unavailable and performing outlier detection in spherical observation space. Simulation studies demonstrate that replacing Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) with RTS for fusion with INS is beneficial in any environment (given line-of-sight (LOS) availability), even under ideal GNSS conditions. Furthermore, investigations on measurement models and failure identification over the entire range of RTS measurements reveal that the spherical model is advantageous over the cartesian model in certain regions. The developed methods are validated in a practical application for tilt compensation of an RTS pole, indicating a base 2D-RMSE of 3.8 mm for almost static and almost vertical poles, increasing with tilt and velocity.
Doubly Robust Triple Cross-Fit Estimation for Causal Inference with Imaging Data
Authors: Ke Da , Zhou Xiaoxiao , Yang Qinglong , Song Xinyuan
Published: September 2024

This paper develops a novel doubly robust triple cross-fit estimator to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) using observational and imaging data. The construction of the proposed estimator consists of two stages. The first stage extracts representative image features using the high-dimensional functional principal component analysis model. The second stage incorporates the image features into the propensity score and outcome models and then analyzes these models through machine learning algorithms. A doubly robust estimator for ATE is obtained based on the estimation results. In addition, we extend the double cross-fit to a triple cross-fit algorithm to accommodate the imaging data that typically exhibit more subtle variation and yield less stable estimation compared to conventional scalar variables. The simulation study demonstrates the satisfactory performance of the proposed estimator. An application to the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset confirms the utility of our method.
Development of instructional design principles for using ICT in resource-limited learning environments: a case of Bangladesh
Authors: Hwang Yoonjung , Lim Cheolil
Published: September 2024

The integration of ICT in education in developing countries has become a significant focus in various ODA projects and educational research. With the increasing demand for teachers to incorporate ICT in their classrooms, the precise methods for effectively integrating ICT resources have not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, this research aimed to develop the most optimal instructional design principles that may systematically guide teachers in planning their lessons using ICT, specifically in the context of Bangladesh. By employing the design and development research method, this research developed an initial set of instructional design principles based on literature review and field research, then elaborated on the principles through three sets of internal validation tests and a usability test by conducting in-depth interviews to confirm the applicability of the principles in real classroom settings in Bangladesh. The final version of instructional design principles is composed of five components, ten principles, and 22 specific guidelines. Two distinct features of the principles are discussed for further research. In discussion, this research underscores the necessity of providing practical instructional design principles to guide teachers in effectively utilizing ICT, particularly within a resource-limited learning environment like Bangladesh.
Mandatory Academic service learning and Continual Civic Engagement: Which Learning Outcomes Matter?
Authors: Lin Shuheng , Ngai Grace , Kwan Kam Por , Chan Stephen C. F. , Lo Kenneth W. K.
Published: September 2024

Using survey results from 805 alumni of a large public university in Hong Kong, this paper examines how alumni’s self-reported learning outcomes from a mandatory academic service learning program relate to their continual civic engagement in a multiple logistic regression framework. The findings reveal that more than two years after graduation, alumni maintained positive views of their experiences from the service learning program. They also reported having learned a fair amount or more in various domains, including intellectual, social, civic, and cross-cultural competency. Importantly, alumni who reported higher gains in civic learning were more likely to engage in post-graduation charitable donations and volunteering, while other learning outcomes were insignificant predictors. These findings remain robust even after controlling for alumni’s community service activities during college and views toward their service learning experience. This study underscores the importance of not assuming civic learning as an automatic outcome of service learning. Instead, civic learning should be explicitly and deliberately incorporated into students’ experiences for service learning to be an effective vehicle to increase and sustain civic engagement among university graduates.
First interim results from FINE-REAL: a prospective, non-interventional, phase 4 study providing insights into the use and safety of finerenone in a routine clinical setting
Authors: Nicholas Susanne B. , Correa-Rotter Ricardo , Desai Nihar R. , Guo Lixin , Navaneethan Sankar D. , Pantalone Kevin M. , Wanner Christoph , Hamacher Stefanie , Fatoba Samuel T. , Horvat-Broecker Andrea , Garreta-Rufas Antonio , Gay Alain , Merz Martin , Wheeler David C.
Published: September 2024

Background

Finerenone, a selective non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, improves kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The FINE-REAL study (NCT05348733) aims to evaluate the characteristics and treatment patterns of participants treated with finerenone in clinical practice.

Methods

FINE-REAL is a prospective, single-arm, non-interventional study of patients initiated on finerenone as part of their routine care in accordance with country-approved labels. The study, initiated in June 2022, is expected to be completed by January 2028. The cutoff for this pre-specified interim analysis was June 13, 2023.

Results

Participants were recruited across nephrology, endocrinology, cardiology, and primary care settings. Of 556 participants enrolled in the study by the cut-off date, 504 were included in this analysis (median follow-up duration of 7 months [finerenone treatment initiation to last recorded observation]). At baseline, 76.1% of participants were in the high or very high (KDIGO) CKD risk categories. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors were prescribed to 71.8% and 46.6% of participants, respectively. Based on prescribing information, 87.9% and 12.1% of participants initiated finerenone at doses of 10 and 20 mg, respectively. Finerenone treatment was uninterrupted in 92.3% of participants after 7 months’ median follow-up. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 110 (21.8%) participants. Hyperkalemia occurred in 25 (5.0%) participants, with no cases leading to death, dialysis, or hospitalization.

Conclusion

At this interim analysis, finerenone was initiated in patients with CKD and T2D across various clinical practices participating in the study. Treatment discontinuation and hyperkalemia occurred infrequently.

Graphical abstract
Analyzing Question Characteristics Influencing ChatGPT’s Performance in 3000 USMLE®-Style Questions
Authors: Alfertshofer Michael , Knoedler Samuel , Hoch Cosima C. , Cotofana Sebastian , Panayi Adriana C. , Kauke-Navarro Martin , Tullius Stefan G. , Orgill Dennis P. , Austen William G. , Pomahac Bohdan , Knoedler Leonard
Published: September 2024

Background

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models like ChatGPT in medical applications is promising, yet its performance requires comprehensive evaluation. This study assessed ChatGPT’s capabilities in answering USMLE® Step 2CK questions, analyzing its performance across medical specialties, question types, and difficulty levels in a large-scale question test set to assist question writers in developing AI-resistant exam questions and provide medical students with a realistic understanding of how AI can enhance their active learning.

Materials and Methods

A total of n=3302 USMLE® Step 2CK practice questions were extracted from the AMBOSS© study platform, excluding 302 image-based questions, leaving 3000 text-based questions for analysis. Questions were manually entered into ChatGPT and its accuracy and performance across various categories and difficulties were evaluated.

Results

ChatGPT answered 57.7% of all questions correctly. Highest performance scores were found in the category “Male Reproductive System” (71.7%) while the lowest were found in the category “Immune System” (46.3%). Lower performance was noted in table-based questions, and a negative correlation was found between question difficulty and performance (rs=−0.285, p <0.001). Longer questions tended to be answered incorrectly more often (rs=−0.076, p <0.001), with a significant difference in length of correctly versus incorrectly answered questions.

Conclusion

ChatGPT demonstrated proficiency close to the passing threshold for USMLE® Step 2CK. Performance varied by category, question type, and difficulty. These findings aid medical educators make their exams more AI-proof and inform the integration of AI tools like ChatGPT into teaching strategies. For students, understanding the model’s limitations and capabilities ensures it is used as an auxiliary resource to foster active learning rather than abusing it as a study replacement. This study highlights the need for further refinement and improvement in AI models for medical education and decision-making.
From Abel’s differential equations to Hilbert’s 16th problem
Authors: Gasull Armengol
Published: September 2024

The study of the limit cycles of planar polynomial differential equations is motivated both by its appearance in many mathematical models of the real-world as for the second part of Hilbert’s 16th problem. In this work we briefly summarize some results on this subject and we will also highlight the important role that the Abel’s differential equations play in its study. In the way, we recall some nice properties of the Riccati’s differential equations.
Origin and characteristics of collapsible soils state of the art report
Authors: Hamdy D. B.
Published: September 2024

This study establishes a foundational framework addressing challenges, implications, and potential remedies related to collapsible soils. Serving as a cornerstone for global exploration, it emphasizes the importance of understanding geological, structural, and mechanical characteristics for early identification and proactive mitigation. The study underscores the significance of preventing structural damages in regions prone to collapsible soils, discussing their diverse types and origins, structural composition, and mechanical behavior. A detailed exploration highlights their prevalence in semi-arid and arid regions, emphasizing distinct geological features associated with their occurrence.
The hazard of mortality across different levels of frailty are increased among patients with high Braden scores
Authors: Nygaard Hanne , Kamper Rikke S. , Nielsen Finn E. , Hansen Sofie K. , Hansen Pernille , Wejse Miriam R. , Pressel Eckart , Rasmussen Jens , Suetta Charlotte , Ekmann Anette
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To examine the prognostic accuracy of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and Braden Scale (BS) separately and combined for 90-day mortality. Furthermore, to examine the effect of frailty on mortality depending on different levels of the Braden score.

Methods

The study included acutely admitted medical patients ≥ 65 years. We used an optimum cutoff for CSF and BS at ≥ 4 and ≤ 19, respectively. CFS categorized frailty as Non-frail (< 4), Frail (4–5), and Severely frail (> 5). Prognostic accuracy was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Cox regression analysis was used to compute the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for mortality.

Results

The mean age among 901 patients (54% female) was 79 years. The AUROC for CFS and BS was 0.65 (CI95% 0.60–0.71) and 0.71 (CI95% 0.66–0.76), respectively. aHR for mortality of CFS ≥ 4, BS ≤ 19, and combined were 2.3 (CI95% 1.2–4.2), 1.9 (CI95% 1.3–2.9), and 1.9 (CI95% 1.3–2.8), respectively. For BS > 19, the aHR for mortality was 2.2 (CI95% 1.0–4.8) and 3.5 (CI95% 1.4–8.6) for ‘frail’ and ‘severely frail’, respectively. aHR for BS ≤ 19 was 1.1 (CI95% 0.4–3.2) and 1.3 (CI95% 0.5–3.7) for ‘frail’ and ‘severely frail’, respectively.

Conclusion

Although CFS and BS were associated with 90-day mortality among older acutely admitted medical patients, the prognostic accuracy was poor-to-moderate, and the combination of CFS and BS did not improve the prognostic accuracy. However, the hazard of mortality across different levels of frailty groups were particularly increased among patients with high BS scores.

Graphical abstract
Sustainable three-dimensional printing of waste paper-based functional materials and constructs
Authors: Cai Chengcheng , Zhang Pei , Wang Yafei , Tan Yun , Lei Iek Man , Xu Ben Bin , Liu Ji
Published: September 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a prominent technology across various industrial sectors, and its increasing popularity urgently calls for sustainable 3D printing materials. However, the availability of such materials remains under exploit. Here, we present a low-cost strategy to harnesses waste papers as a feedstock to develop sustainable 3D printing inks. This approach offers a remarkable printability and circular utilisation of biodegradable paper wastes to produce 3D printed constructs, with desired mechanical properties and shape stability for high temperature applications. Our constructs can be efficiently recycled into inks for reprinting, and our method can be applied to various types of waste papers. By employing multi-material printing, our approach can be extended to produce multi-coloured constructs, security information printings, and mechanically appealing designs. This strategy offers an innovative and sustainable solution that addresses the need for repurposing paper wastes, which would otherwise end up in landfills, while concurrently reducing the reliance on virgin plastics for 3D printing.
Exercise Interventions for the Prevention of Sarcopenia After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mendes Cláudia , Carvalho Manuel , Bravo Jorge , Martins Sandra , Raimundo Armando
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Bariatric surgery is a treatment for severe obesity and its associated conditions, which already has ample evidence of its benefits. In addition to the reduction in body fat mass, the weight loss caused by bariatric surgery includes a significant reduction in skeletal muscle and bone mineral mass, which could negatively affect functional capacity and increase the risk of sarcopenia. The need for prophylactic programs that prevent sarcopenia in bariatric surgery patients seems to be one of the crucial points for the long-term surgical success of bariatric and metabolic surgery. This study aims to review the published literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on the prevention of sarcopenia induced by bariatric surgery.

Methods

We followed the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews conducted in PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Randomized controlled, controlled clinical, and other types of experimental studies were considered for inclusion. A total of 356 possibly relevant studies were identified with quality considered reasonable and good. Eight studies were included in the review: six of which were randomized experimental studies, one was a pilot study, and one a quasi-experimental study.

Results

Structured physical exercise allows significant improvements in body composition, positively affecting functional capacity, muscle strength, cardio-metabolic risk factors, and quality of life in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery, especially when combined exercise is implemented in the initial weeks following surgery.

Conclusion

A combined, individualized, and supervised exercise program contributes to preventing and reducing sarcopenia after bariatric surgery.