bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Multifocal Gliosarcoma of the Spinal Cord
Authors: Kumar Ramesh M. , Finn Michael
Published: March 2016

Gliosarcoma (GS) is a rare and exceedingly malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system. It displays clinical features similar to glioblastoma, yet is histologically unique as it harbors both gliomatous and sarcomatous cellular components. Involvement of the neuro-axis is predominantly limited to the cerebral parenchyma and meninges. Primary GS of the spinal cord is rarely encountered. We report a case of a 54 year old male who presented with 2 months of progressive, bilateral lower extremity sensory deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neuro-axis revealed multiple intradural lesions involving the cervical and thoracic spinal cord without evidence of intracranial involvement. Surgical resection of a dural based, extramedullary cervical lesion and two exophytic, intramedullary thoracic lesions revealed gliosarcoma, WHO grade IV. The patient died approximately 11 months after presentation. This report confirms that GS is not limited to supratentorial involvement and can primarily affect the spinal cord.
Los programas de televisión deportivos y su relación con la audiencia social en Twitter en España
Authors: Gallardo-Camacho Jorge , Lavín Eva , Fernández García Paula
Published: March 2016

En este estudio se presenta un análisis sobre la relación de los espectadores que ven los programas deportivos en televisión con los usuarios de Twitter en España. Metodología: La investigación se lleva a cabo a partir de una metodología cuantitativa que analiza 150 programas que acumulan un total de 1.838.056 tuiteros que participaron en los 5 programas más comentados diariamente durante un mes. Para la comprobación de las hipótesis recurrimos al análisis comparativo cuantitativo y al coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados y conclusiones: Planteamos tres hipótesis y comprobamos que los programas de contenido deportivo acaparan el 34.8% de los tuiteros de la muestra; observamos que los programas deportivos con éxito en Twitter no son los más vistos en la televisión tradicional; y concluimos que el porcentaje de interacción en Twitter aún es muy bajo cuantitativamente frente al número de telespectadores.
Mercury oxidation from bromine chemistry in the free troposphere over the southeastern US
Authors: Coburn Sean , Dix Barbara , Edgerton Eric , Holmes Christopher D. , Kinnison Douglas , Liang Qing , ter Schure Arnout , Wang Siyuan , Volkamer Rainer
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The elevated deposition of atmospheric mercury over the southeastern United States is currently not well understood. Here we measure partial columns and vertical profiles of bromine monoxide (BrO) radicals, a key component of mercury oxidation chemistry, to better understand the processes and altitudes at which mercury is being oxidized in the atmosphere. We use data from a ground-based MAX-DOAS instrument located at a coastal site ∼  1 km from the Gulf of Mexico in Gulf Breeze, FL, where we had previously detected tropospheric BrO (Coburn et al., 2011). Our profile retrieval assimilates information about stratospheric BrO from the WACCM chemical transport model (CTM), and uses only measurements at moderately low solar zenith angles (SZAs) to estimate the BrO slant column density contained in the reference spectrum (SCDRef). The approach has 2.6 degrees of freedom, and avoids spectroscopic complications that arise at high SZA; knowledge about SCDRef further helps to maximize sensitivity in the free troposphere (FT). A cloud-free case study day with low aerosol load (9 April 2010) provided optimal conditions for distinguishing marine boundary layer (MBL: 0–1 km) and free-tropospheric (FT: 1–15 km) BrO from the ground. The average daytime tropospheric BrO vertical column density (VCD) of ∼  2.3  ×  1013 molec cm−2 (SZA  <  70°) is consistent with our earlier reports on other days. The vertical profile locates essentially all tropospheric BrO above 4 km, and shows no evidence for BrO inside the MBL (detection limit  <  0.5 pptv). BrO increases to  ∼  3.5 pptv at 10–15 km altitude, consistent with recent aircraft observations. Our case study day is consistent with recent aircraft studies, in that the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) by bromine radicals to form gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) is the dominant pathway for GEM oxidation throughout the troposphere above Gulf Breeze. The column integral oxidation rates are about 3.6  × 105 molec cm−2 s−1 for bromine, while the contribution from ozone (O3) is 0.8  ×  105 molec cm−2 s−1. Chlorine-induced oxidation is estimated to add  <  5 % to these mercury oxidation rates. The GOM formation rate is sensitive to recently proposed atmospheric scavenging reactions of the HgBr adduct by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and to a lesser extent also HO2 radicals. Using a 3-D CTM, we find that surface GOM variations are also typical of other days, and are mainly derived from the FT. Bromine chemistry is active in the FT over Gulf Breeze, where it forms water-soluble GOM that is subsequently available for wet scavenging by thunderstorms or transport to the boundary layer.
Continuous measurements of isotopic composition of water vapour on the East Antarctic Plateau
Authors: Casado Mathieu , Landais Amaelle , Masson-Delmotte Valérie , Genthon Christophe , Kerstel Erik , Kassi Samir , Arnaud Laurent , Picard Ghislain , Prie Frederic , Cattani Olivier , Steen-Larsen Hans-Christian , Vignon Etienne , Cermak Peter
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Water stable isotopes in central Antarctic ice cores are critical to quantify past temperature changes. Accurate temperature reconstructions require to understand the processes controlling surface snow isotopic composition. Isotopic fractionation processes occurring in the atmosphere and controlling snowfall isotopic composition are well understood theoretically and implemented in atmospheric models. However, post-deposition processes are poorly documented and understood. To quantitatively interpret the isotopic composition of water archived in ice cores, it is thus essential to study the continuum between surface water vapour, precipitation, surface snow and buried snow. Here, we target the isotopic composition of surface snow, precipitation and water vapour at Concordia Station, where the oldest EPICA Dome C ice cores have been retrieved. While snowfall and surface snow sampling is routinely performed, accurate measurements of surface water vapour are challenging in such cold and dry conditions. New developments in infrared spectroscopy enable now the measurement of isotopic composition in water vapour traces. Two infrared spectrometers have been deployed at Concordia, allowing continuous, in situ measurements for one month in December–January 2014–2015. Comparison of the results from infrared spectroscopy with laboratory measurements of discrete samples trapped using cryogenic sampling validates the relevance of the method to measure isotopic composition in dry conditions. We observe very large diurnal cycles in isotopic composition well correlated with temperature diurnal cycles. Identification of different behaviours of isotopic composition in the water vapour associated with turbulent or stratified regime indicates a strong impact of meteorological processes in local vapour/snow interaction. Even if the vapour isotopic composition seems to be, at least part of the time, at equilibrium with the local snow, the slope of δD against δ18O prevents us from identifying a unique origin leading to this isotopic composition.
Industrial SO2 emission monitoring through a portable multichannel gas analyzer with an optimized retrieval algorithm
Authors: Sun Youwen , Liu Cheng , Xie Pinhua , Hartl Andreas , Chan Kalok , Tian Yuan , Wang Wei , Qin Min , Liu Jianguo , Liu Wenqing
Published: March 2016

Abstract. SO2 variability over a large concentration range and interferences from other gases have been major limitations in industrial SO2 emission monitoring. This study demonstrates accurate industrial SO2 emission monitoring through a portable multichannel gas analyzer with an optimized retrieval algorithm. The proposed analyzer features a large dynamic measurement range and correction of interferences from other coexisting infrared absorbers such as NO, CO, CO2, NO2, CH4, HC, N2O, and H2O. The multichannel gas analyzer measures 11 different wavelength channels simultaneously to correct several major problems of an infrared gas analyzer including system drift, conflict of sensitivity, interferences among different infrared absorbers, and limitation of measurement range. The optimized algorithm uses a third polynomial instead of a constant factor to quantify gas-to-gas interference. Measurement results show good performance in the linear and nonlinear ranges, thereby solving the problem that the conventional interference correction is restricted by the linearity of the intended and interfering channels. The results imply that the measurement range of the developed multichannel analyzer can be extended to the nonlinear absorption region. The measurement range and accuracy are evaluated through experimental laboratory calibration. Excellent agreement was achieved, with a Pearson correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.99977 with a measurement range from approximately 5 to 10 000 ppmv and a measurement error of less than 2 %. The instrument was also deployed for field measurement. Emissions from three different factories were measured. The emissions of these factories have been characterized by different coexisting infrared absorbers, covering a wide range of concentration levels. We compared our measurements with commercial SO2 analyzers. Overall, good agreement was achieved.
Coastline evolution of Portuguese low-lying sandy coast in the last 50 years: an integrated approach
Authors: Ponte Lira Cristina , Silva Ana Nobre , Taborda Rui , de Andrade Cesar Freire
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Regional/global-scale information on coastline rates of change and trends is extremely valuable, but national-scale studies are scarce. A widely accepted standardized methodology for analysing long-term coastline change has been difficult to achieve, but is essential to conduct an integrated and holistic approach to coastline evolution and hence support coastal management actions. Additionally, databases providing knowledge on coastline evolution are of key importance to support both coastal management experts and users. The main objective of this work is to present the first systematic, global and consistent long-term coastline evolution data of Portuguese mainland low-lying sandy. The methodology used quantifies coastline evolution using an unique and robust coastline indicator (the foredune toe), which is independent of short-term changes. The dataset presented comprises: 1) two polyline sets, mapping the 1958 and 2010 sandy beach-dune systems coastline, both optimized for working at 1:50 000 scale or smaller, and 2) one polyline set representing long-term change rates between 1958 and 2010, estimated at each 250 m. The science data produced here are in Open Access at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.853654 and can be used in other studies. Results show beach erosion as the dominant trend, with a mean change rate of −0.24 ± 0.01 m/year for all mainland Portuguese beach-dune systems. Although erosion is dominant, this evolution is variable in signal and magnitude in different coastal sediment cell and also within each cell. The most relevant beach erosion issues were found in the coastal stretches of Espinho – Torreira and Costa Nova – Praia da Mira, both at sub-cell 1b; Cova Gala – Leirosa, at sub-cell 1c and Cova do Vapor – Costa da Caparica, at cell 4. Cells 1 and 4 exhibit a history of major human interventions interfering with the coastal system, many of which originated and maintained a sediment deficit. In contrast, cells 5 and 6 have been less intervened and show stable or moderate accretion behaviour.
Technical note: Improving the AWAT filter with interpolation schemes for advanced processing of high resolution data
Authors: Peters Andre , Nehls Thomas , Wessolek Gerd
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Weighing lysimeters with appropriate data filtering yield the most precise and unbiased information for precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (ET). A recently introduced filter scheme for such data is the AWAT (Adaptive Window and Adaptive Threshold) filter [Peters, A., Nehls, T., Schonsky, H., and Wessolek, G.: Separating precipitation and evapotranspiration from noise – a new filter routine for high-resolution lysimeter data, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1189–1198, doi:10.5194/hess-18-1189-2014, 2014]. The filter applies an adaptive threshold to separate significant from insignificant mass changes, guaranteeing that P and ET are not overestimated, and uses a step interpolation between the significant mass changes. In this contribution we show that the step interpolation scheme, which reflects the resolution of the measuring system, can lead to unrealistic prediction of P and ET, especially if they are required in high temporal resolution. We introduce linear and spline interpolation schemes to overcome these problems. To guarantee that medium to strong precipitation events abruptly following low or zero fluxes are not smoothed in an unfavourable way, a simple heuristic selection criterion is used, which attributes such precipitations to the step interpolation. The three interpolation schemes (step, linear and spline) are tested and compared using a data set from a grass-reference lysimeter with one minute resolution, ranging from 1 January to 5 August 2014. The selected output resolutions for P and ET prediction are one day, one hour and 10 minutes. As expected, the step scheme yielded reasonable flux rates only for a resolution of one day, whereas the other two schemes are well able to yield reasonable results for any resolution. The spline scheme returned slightly better results than the linear scheme concerning the differences between filtered values and raw data. Moreover, this scheme allows continuous differentiability of filtered data so that any output resolution for the fluxes is sound. Since computational burden is not problematic for any of the interpolation schemes, we suggest to use always the spline scheme.
GEOMETRIC CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF ULTRACAM AERIAL SENSORS
Authors: Gruber Michael , Schachinger Bernhard , Muick Marc , Neuner Christian , Tschemmernegg Helfried
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We present details of the calibration and validation procedure of UltraCam Aerial Camera systems. Results from the laboratory calibration and from validation flights are presented for both, the large format nadir cameras and the oblique cameras as well. Thus in this contribution we show results from the UltraCam Eagle and the UltraCam Falcon, both nadir mapping cameras, and the UltraCam Osprey, our oblique camera system. This sensor offers a mapping grade nadir component together with the four oblique camera heads. The geometric processing after the flight mission is being covered by the UltraMap software product. Thus we present details about the workflow as well. The first part consists of the initial post-processing which combines image information as well as camera parameters derived from the laboratory calibration. The second part, the traditional automated aerial triangulation (AAT) is the step from single images to blocks and enables an additional optimization process. We also present some special features of our software, which are designed to better support the operator to analyze large blocks of aerial images and to judge the quality of the photogrammetric set-up.
TOWARDS EFFICIENCY OF OBLIQUE IMAGES ORIENTATION
Authors: Ostrowski W. , Bakuła K.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Many papers on both theoretical aspects of bundle adjustment of oblique images and new operators for detecting tie points on oblique images have been written. However, only a few achievements presented in the literature were practically implemented in commercial software. In consequence often aerial triangulation is performed either for nadir images obtained simultaneously with oblique photos or bundle adjustment for separate images captured in different directions. The aim of this study was to investigate how the orientation of oblique images can be carried out effectively in commercial software based on the structure from motion technology. The main objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of the orientation strategy on both duration of the process and accuracy of photogrammetric 3D products. Two, very popular software: Pix4D and Agisoft Photoscan were tested and two approaches for image blocks were considered. The first approach based only on oblique images collected in four directions and the second approach included nadir images. In this study, blocks for three test areas were analysed. Oblique images were collected with medium-format cameras in maltan cross configuration with registration of GNSS and INS data. As a reference both check points and digital surface models from airborne laser scanning were used.
Study of the overturning length scales at the Spanish planetary boundary layer
Authors: López Pilar , Cano José L.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The focus of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of the maximum Thorpe displacement (dT)max and the Thorpe scale LT at the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), extending previous research with new data and improving our studies related to the novel use of the Thorpe method applied to ABL. The maximum Thorpe displacements vary between −900 and 950 m for the different field campaigns. The Thorpe scale LT ranges between 0.2 and 680 m for the different data sets which cover different stratified mixing conditions (turbulence shear-driven and convective regions). We analyse the relationship between (dT)max and the Thorpe scale LT and we deduce that they verify a power law. We also deduce that there is a difference in exponents of the power laws for convective conditions and shear-driven conditions. These different power laws could identify overturns created under different mechanisms.
Marmot Creek Experimental Watershed Study
Authors: Rothwell Richard , Hillman Graham , Pomeroy John W.
Published: March 2016

The origins and results of the scientific experiments in Marmot Creek Experimental Watershed, now the Marmot Creek Research Basin, over more than 50 years are reviewed. Marmot Creek was established to better understand how forest manipulations could be used to manage streamflow hydrographs and was actively manipulated in the 1970s and 1980s. While small forest clearings were shown to increase snow accumulation consistently, the impacts on melt rates depended on clearing size, slope and aspect. As a result, clearing treatments whether through large cutblocks or small clearings had modest impacts on the hydrograph timing and variability and only local impacts on streamflow volume. Changes in climate are primarily manifested as warming which has substantially reduced snowpacks at low elevations. These climate changes have not been evident in hydrograph change and there is no trend to volumes or timing of streamflow over the last 50 years. Overall the basin shows remarkable resiliency to climate and land use change due to its wide range of elevations, slopes, snow environments and sub-surface storage. The basin has become a hydrological process observatory where multi-scale models are developed and evaluated for operation over larger areas. It has served an invaluable role for this and the scientific results from Marmot Creek have supported the development of global climate models and hydrological models that are now applied throughout the world.
Response of ice-damaged northern hardwood stands in northern New York
Authors: Nyland Ralph D. , Dalton Jeremy L. , Allen Douglas C. , Bevilacqua Eddie
Published: March 2016

At three previously thinned, even-aged northern hardwood stands affected by the 1998 ice storm, we evaluated the responses of trees in plots given a rehabilitation treatment, and compared findings to adjacent untreated areas. In both the rehabilitated and untreated areas mortality seemed consistent with regional norms for northern hardwood stands. Trees that died after the storm had essentially complete crown loss due to ice loading, and 12% of living trees lost at least half of their crown. In both sets of plots, epicormic branching within the crown led to crown rebuilding, resulting in high levels of tree survival and good post-storm diameter growth on all plots. Release of selected upper-canopy trees by the rehabilitation cutting significantly increased diameter growth rates compared to those in untreated areas. While some epicormics developed below the base of the original crown in both treated and untreated plots, they largely emanated at > 5.2 m from the ground and did not degrade the butt log of most trees.
Reducing the Impact of Forest Harvesting on the Vancouver Island Tourism Industry
Authors: Hilsendager Kyle W. , Harshaw Howard W. , Kozak Robert A.
Published: March 2016

British Columbia forests have traditionally been managed for timber production. However, the increasing importance of nature-based tourism within the province means that forests also have significant value as a tourism resource. This can lead to conflicts between the forestry and tourism industries. This article examines tourism and forestry interests on Vancouver Island and discusses ways that forests could be managed to reduce negative impacts to the tourism industry. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with forestry and tourism industry professionals on Vancouver Island and elsewhere in British Columbia. Findings suggest that visual impacts associated with forestry can negatively impact tourism. It also appears that forestry receives a much higher priority than tourism when it comes to forest management, despite the vital importance of the tourism industry to the Vancouver Island economy. Displeasure over the lack of communication requirements between the forest industry and other stakeholders was also documented. The implementation of formal agreements between the two industries may potentially reduce conflicts between these two industries on Vancouver Island. Identification and special management of highly valuable tourism areas may also provide benefits to the Vancouver Island tourism industry.
Changes in weed infestations on plantations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) cultivated on black soil near Wrocław in 1989–1995 and 2006–2012
Authors: Domaradzki Krzysztof , Jezierska-Domaradzka Anna
Published: March 2016

Field studies were carried out in 1989–1995 and 2006–2012 on plantations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris). During this period, 542 phytosociological relevés were made using the Braun-Blanquet method. In total, 46 weed species were found. In 1989–1995, the occurrence of 36 segetal species was reported. The highest cover indices were determined for Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus. Galium aparine, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Elymus repens were the dominant species, as well. Analysis of the frequency of occurrence revealed one constant species (Chenopodium album), two frequent species (Amaranthus retroflexus and Galium aparine), and two medium-frequent species (Echinochloa crus-galli and Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora).

In 2006–2012, the occurrence of 40 weed species on the sugar beet plantations was recorded. The plantations were clearly dominated by Chenopodium album, accompanied by Polygonum persicaria and Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. lapathifolium. Other dominant species comprised Setaria viridis, Galinsoga parviflora, Brassica napus ssp. napus, and Fallopia convolvulus. The Chenopodium album was a constant component of the sugar beet plantations. In turn, no frequent species were observed and six medium-frequent species were found (Setaria viridis, Galinsoga parviflora, Brassica napus ssp. napus, Echinochloa crus-galli, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Capsella bursa-pastoris).

Noteworthy, the presence of previously unreported species, e.g., Abutilon theophrasti, Hyoscyamus niger, or Artemisia vulgaris, was revealed. These species are rare components in sugar beet crops. A reverse phenomenon, i.e., the disappearance of some species such as Euphorbia helioscopia, Malva neglecta, Rumex acetosella, Sinapis arvensis, or Sisymbrium officinale, was also observed.
Visual Tracking in Unknown Environments Using Fuzzy Logic and Dead Reckoning
Authors: Mekhtiche Mohamed Amine , Benselama Zoubir Abdeslem , Bencherif Mohamed Abdelkader , Zakariah Mohammed , Alsulaiman Mansour , Hedjar Ramdane , Faisal Mohammed , Algabri Mohammed , AlMuteb Khalid
Published: March 2016

This paper addresses the problem of making a non-holonomic wheeled mobile robot (WMR) move to a target object using computer vision and obstacle-avoidance techniques. If a priori information about the obstacles is available, pre-planning the desired path can be a good candidate method. However, in so many cases, obstacles are dynamic. Therefore, our first challenge is to make the WMR move to a desired target while autonomously avoiding any obstacle along its path. The second challenge deals with visual-tracking loss; that is, when the target is lost from the camera scope, the robot should use Dead Reckoning (DR) to get back on its path towards the target. The Visual Tracking (VT) algorithm then takes the relay to reach the final destination, compensating for any errors due to DR by calculating the distance to the target when it is within the scope of the camera. The proposed system also uses two fuzzy-logic controllers; the first controller avoids objects while the second manages the path to the target. Different complex scenarios have been implemented, showing the validity of our multi-controller model.
A Practical Joint-Space Trajectory Generation Method Based on Convolution in Real-Time Control
Authors: Yang Gil Jin , Delgado Raimarius , Choi Byoung Wook
Published: March 2016

This paper proposes a joint-space trajectory generation method for practical navigation with a high curvature path of mobile robots. A technique to generate central velocity commands using a convolution operator that considers only the physical limits of a mobile robot was discussed. In practical application, controlling the heading angles along a curved path is required and the existence of obstacles is inevitable. First, we suggested an algorithm that generates a trajectory to consider the heading angles along a smooth Bezier curve by redefinition of the curve parameter. However, the presence of an obstacle along the planned path requires redirection to a new path where geometrical limitations such as high curvature turning points exist, resulting in tracking error. We propose a method that manages a variation of linear interpolation to generate a feasible trajectory while conserving the high curvature path and the merits of convolution. Joint-space trajectories are produced by scaling down the generated central velocity through reduction of the given maximum velocity limit. We show through a simulation example that the proposed method is able to generate a trajectory that can accurately track a planned path on a designed platform based on actual parameters. Finally, an experiment is successfully conducted on a two-wheeled mobile robot, Tetra DS-III, in a real-time control system. The experiment results display distinct advantages in the criteria of time optimality and periodicity of control tasks, while conserving all possible limitations that could occur during navigation compared with previous studies.
François Noël (1651–1729) and his Latin translations of Confucian Classical books published in Prague in 1711
Authors: Liščák Vladimír
Published: March 2016

První setkání Evropy s konfucianismem se připisuje jesuitům, kteří působili v Číně v 16. až 18. století. Na počátku byl překlad úvodu k Da xue 大學 do latiny, publikovaný v Římě roku 1593. Nicméně, první překlad konfuciánských klasických knih, jenž přitáhl značnou pozornost, byl Confucius Sinarum Philosophus, publikovaný v Paříži v roce 1687.  Tato publikace obsahovala komentovaný překlad tří ze Čtyř knih konfuciánského kánonu. Nový překlad uvedených knih byl vydán v Praze v roce 1711. Jeho autorem byl François Noël (1651–1729), belgický (vlámský) básník, dramatik a jezuita v Číně. Jeho Sinensis Imperii Libri Classici Sex obsahovaly nový překlad prvních tří z již dříve přeložených Čtyř knih a byl doplněn o Mencia (Mengzi 孟子). V této své knize rovněž zahrnul i Klasickou knihu synovské úcty (Xiao jing 孝經), jednu z třinácti klasických knih, a Malé či Základní učení (Xiao Xue 小學), sbírku textů pro děti pořízenou Zhu Xim 朱熹. Překlady jsou rozděleny do malých, číslovaných oddílů, stejně jako čínský originál. Pokud jsou uvedeny poznámky, často na konci úseku, jsou obvykle doprovázeny jménem komentátora. Noëlova práce se jeví jako důležitý pokus o vědeckou prezentaci starověkého textu, snad v záměrném kontrastu k cílům jesuitů, kteří sestavili knihu Confucius Sinarum Philosophus o půl století dříve.
Medievold - børn og unge. En svensk vurdering af kulturministeriets rapport
Authors: Feilitzen Cecilia von
Published: March 2016

Mediernes eventuelle betydning for voldelig adfærd hos børn og unge

har i årtier været en varm sag. I begyndelsen af 1990´erne blussede

denne diskussion op igen i Danmark, bl.a. på grund af nogle opsigtsvæk-

kende drab og voldshandlinger begået mod børn af andre børn. Kultur-

ministeriet nedsatte i 1994 et udvalg, der i en rapport skulle sammenfatte

resultaterne af eksisterende forskning på området. Mediekultur har bedt

Cecilia von Feilitzen, der gennem en årrække har arbejdet med

medier/voldsproblematikken, om at anmelde og diskutere rapporten:

Susanne Boe, red., Medievold - børn og unge. Kulturprofilen, Kulturmini-

steriet, København 1995. Udvalgets formand: Birgitte Holm Sørensen.
Europæisk Kultur - et fantasifoster?
Authors: Collins Richard
Published: March 2016

I dette essay tager Richard Collins kritisk fat omkring en ef det europæ-

iske samarbejdes nælder: kulturen. I de sidste 10-15 år har integrations-

bestræbelserne i EU været præget af en nationalistisk forestilling om

snæver sammenhæng mellem kultur og politik: For at skabe et politisk-

økonomisk samarbejde i Europa må der derfor udvikles en fælles euro-

pæisk kultur, siger fortalerne. Ikke mindst på baggrund af erfaringer med

pan-europæiske medieprojekter påpeger Richard Collins, at europæernes

kultur og mediebrug er mere forskellige end de integrationsivrige bryder

sig om. I stedet peger han på en række andre teoretiske bidrag fra bl.a.

Habermas og funktionalismen, der i stedet understreger, at europæisk

samarbejde kan ske på tværs af kulturforskelle.
Avisanalysens status
Authors: Lehrmann Ulrik
Published: March 2016

Selv om avisen længe har været det dominerende massemedie, er

avisanalysens bidrag til dansk medieforskning både af nyere dato -

knap 30 år - og forholdsvis beskeden af omfang. Artiklen giver en

oversigt over avisanalytiske tilgange siden Niels Thomsens bane-

brydende disputats i 1972. Den belyser de forskellige dimensioner,

temaer, metoder og ideologiske perspektiver, som avisanalyse har

taget afsæt i. Dermed vises der, hvorledes 1970´erne var avisana-

lysens helt store årti, ud fra hvilke præmisser den dengang dyrkedes,

og hvad der fortsat har værdi i disse bidrag. Men artiklen viser også,

hvordan aktuelle tilgange kan sætte standarden for kommende avis-

analyser.
Bred mediebrug, bedre kompetencer? Om forholdet mellem medieanvendelse og kompetencer hos de 15-18-årige
Authors: Drotner Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Artiklen bygger på to hovedsynspunkter, nemlig for det første at medierne

i dag er grundlæggende kompetence- og dannelsesmidler, og for det andet

at forskellige medier nærer forskellige kompetencer. Det må således an-

tages, at en bred brug af forskellige medier udgør en nødvendig, omend

ikke tilstrækkelig, basis for at udvikle en bred vifte af kompetencer. Her-

udfra analyseres unge danskeres medieforbrug i forhold til uddannelse og

erhverv, fritidsjob, køn samt alder, og det diskuteres hvilke krav og mulig-

heder resultaterne stiller til fremtidens kultur- og uddannelsespolitik.
"Min bedste film": om unges filmoplevelser
Authors: Christensen Christa Lykke
Published: March 2016

Artiklen beskæfiger sig med unge menneskers oplevelse af levende

billeder, perspektiveret i forhold til en ramme baseret på psykologisk,

æstetik og mediekulturel teori. Ud fra en analyse af unges udsagn om

film, som de efter eget valg har defineret som "min bedste film", frem-

hæves det, hvordan receptionen især er præget af en æstetisk-emoti-

onel aktivering, som har fokus på det effektfulde og intense i oplevelsen.

Hermed demonstreres endvidere, hvordan filmenes konkret formmæs-

sige aspekter og det udtryksfulde som sådan har en afgørende betyd-

ning for de unges oplevelser.
Scriptwriting as a creative, collaborative learning process of problem finding and problem solving
Authors: Redvall Eva Novrup
Published: March 2016

Developing an original idea into a finished feature film script is often a time-consuming and highly collective process. It is also a learning process. Writing a script is about constantly learning more about what one wants to tell and the best way to tell it. This knowledge can, for instance, come from research, conversations with creative collaborators, or improvisations with actors. In current Danish feature filmmaking this exploration of the material often takes place in close collaboration between the director and the scriptwriter (and sometimes also the producer) who together learn more about their initial idea for a film and about the best way to meet the challenge of writing the script.

This article analyzes the collaborative process in the idea development and scriptwriting phase between director Annette K. Olesen and scriptwriter Kim Fupz Aakeson based on a qualitative case study of their work in developing an initial idea into the feature film Lille soldat (Danish premiere November 14, 2008), viewing their work as a creative, collaborative learning process of continuous problem finding and problem solving.

Drawing on a study of problem finding in art by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Jacob W. Getzels (1976) and theories from the field of Creative Problem Solving (CPS), the article explores the different stages and approaches of Olesen and Aakeson in their writing process and concludes how they go about learning more about their initial idea and why they embark on this problem finding and problem solving quest together. The case study shows how external parameters like institutional acceptance-finding and financing issues influence when to move from one stage in the scriptwriting process to another, and how a major reason for collaborating is having complementary skills that ensure on the one hand not being stuck in the mess- and data-finding stages of understanding an idea for too long, and on the other not moving on to a problem statement and generating ideas too quickly.
Lyden av mediering - En utforsking av nyere sjangertrekk innenfor filmtrailere [The sound of mediation - Exploring new aspects of the movie trailer genre]
Authors: Høier Svein
Published: March 2016

When it comes to experiencing traditional sound design in movies, the audience is often presented with hidden mediation and production processes: abrupt sound changes are softened, noise and annoying reverb are avoided, unwanted sound elements are reduced and desired sounds are amplified. Sound designers make these kinds of selections to enhance the illusion of continuity in an attempt to engage the audience. In most cases this means the sound designer will compose a sound track and furthermore the audience is not aware of the sound designer’s mediation and manipulation. In sharp contrast to this, many movie trailers include sound elements in which traces of the mediation process are clearly recognised and connected to various visual elements like camera movements, cuts, dissolves and speed variations like slow motion. The following discussion revolves around movie trailers and the use of sound elements that in themselves draw attention to the process of production and mediation, also involving a discussion of how the various sound elements function.
The Feminist Paradigm in the Historical Perspective
Authors: Robinson Gertrude Joch
Published: March 2016

The Feminist Paradigm in the Historical Perspective
Talk-showet som fjernsynsunderholdning
Authors: Hansen Carsten Y.
Published: March 2016

Mens de traditionelle underholdningsprogrammer er kommet i krise, har

talk-show programmer i de senere år opnået en vældig popularitet i

dansk fjernsyn. I artiklen analyseres nogle eksempler på de senere års

danske talk-shows. Tre succesfulde, og et program der ikke vandt bred

genklang blandt seerne. Derigennem fremanalyseres de træk der karak-

teriserer den populære underholdning i dag. Sidst i artiklen genindføres

den noget oversete teori om den para-sociale interaktion som grundlag

for overvejelser over receptionsforholdene omkring talkshows og de

kulturpolitiske konsekvenser heraf.

"Ja, dengang (i 1950érne) ville jeg ikke have været i tvivl om hvad en

times underholdning var, hvilke ingredienser, der skulle i gryden. I dag

har billedet ændret sig, og det skyldes mange ting" (Otto Leisner i Bruun

Andersen 1981a, s.20).
Video er TV er video
Authors: Neimann Susanna
Published: March 2016

Videokunst er et nyt emne i MedieKultur og det præsenteres i denne

artikel af Susanna Neimann, der også giver et par eksempler på dansk

videokunst, når den er bedst. Susanna Neimann er cand.phil. i æstetisk

kulturarbejde, videoproducer of arbejder på Videoskolen i Viborg.
At konstruere et TV-program
Authors: Poulsen Henrik
Published: March 2016

I Danmarks Radio har man siden 1982 uddannet TV-produktionsmed-

arbejdere ud fra ét bestemt æstetisk koncept, der i daglig tale kaldes for

TV-SUM. Konceptet er sammensat af teorier of analysemetoder fra vidt

forskellige faglige dicipliner og traditioner i et - ved første øjekast - kon-

sistent og produktionsklart system. Henrik Poulsen har kigget nærmere

på dette system og gennemgår i denne artikel dets vigtigste elementer

med Baadsgaards "søforklaring" som eksempel. I tilknytning hertil vur-

derer han SUM-materialets anvendelighed i medieundervisningen samt

trækker enkelte af de begrebsmæssige urimeligheder frem, som kon-

ceptet - trods sin besnærende logik - indeholder.
Skriftlig radio
Authors: Poulsen Ib
Published: March 2016

I gamle dage bestod radioprogrammet af musik, interviews og oplæsning,

med talte annonceringer ind imellem. I dag er lyden mere varieret: Vi har

fået reportager,radioteater, montager, telefonprogrammer, løst snakkende

studieværter osv. - Det skrevne ord spiller imidlertid stadigvæk en stor rolle

i bl.a. kulturprogrammer og en massiv hovedrolle i Radioavisen.

Ib Poulsen har i flere år deltaget i forsknings- og udviklingsprojekter, der

skal bidrage til at øge Radioavisens forståelighed. Han sammenfatter her

nogle af sine hovedresultater i form af en række anbefalinger: En slags

kogebog for hvordan man skriver forståelige tekster til oplæsning. Og om

forskellen på det mundtlige og skriftlige sprog. (Se nærmere herom i an-

meldelsen af Wenche Vagles bog: "Radiospråket - talt eller skrevet?").

Samtidig får vi antydet nogle hovedtræk af radioavisens historie.
Fra programflade til kontaktflade. Det "moderniserede" public-service koncept i DR´s TV
Authors: Søndergaard Henrik
Published: March 2016

Danmarks Radio er en "public service" institution med, hvad dertil hører

af forpligtigelser til alsidighed og mangfoldighed i programudbuddet. Sådan

har det altid været. Loven blev ikke ændret på det punkt, da DR fik konkur-

rence fra TV2. Alligevel har DR de seneste år "moderniseret" sit koncept

for "public service" fjernsyn.

I denne artikel analyserer Henrik Søndergaard ændringerne i DR´s pro-

grampolitik. Blandt andet påpeger han, at en del af ændringerne bort fra en

formynderisk paternalistisk holdning til seerne ikke så meget skyldes kon-

kurrencen fra TV2 som frigørelsen fra staten og det politiske system. Prio-

riteringen af programlægningen og interessen for sendeflader og målgrup-

per er derimod en direkte følge af konkurrencen.

Sidst i artiklen diskuteres konsekvenserne af denne fokusering på pro-

gramkoncepter og målgrupper. Fører bruger-venligheden, hvor alle grup-

per får, hvad de gerne vil have, ikke til et virkelighedstab? Bliver det ikke

"tamt" fjernsyn?
Hvordan gør musikken i Twin Peaks?
Authors: Lønstrup Ansa
Published: March 2016

Det er almindelig erkendt, at musikken spiller en afgørende rolle for den

totale oplevelse af film og TV. Men det glemmes ofte igen, især i fortolk-

ninger, der focuserer på handlingen og ser bort fra musikken og måske

også den visuelle formidling.

Tendensen til at "glemme" musikken i fortolkningen skyldes især, at den

er svær at beskrive og svær at analysere. Ansa Lønstrups analyse af

musikkens rolle i TV-serien Twin Peaks er en eksemplarisk gennem-

gang af hvorledes musikken skaber betydning. Den er samtidig et bidrag

til forståelsen af netop denne serie, der bl.a. udmærker sig ved, at den

næppe kan begribes uden at musikken bliver en del af oplevelse og tolk-

ning.
Simulation of potential habitat overlap between red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in northeastern China
Authors: Wu Wen , Li Yuehui , Hu Yuanman
Published: March 2016

Background.Understanding species distribution, especially areas of overlapping habitat between sympatric species, is essential for informing conservation through natural habitat protection. New protection strategies should simultaneously consider conservation efforts for multiple species that exist within the same landscape, which requires studies that include habitat overlap analysis.

Methods.We estimated the potential habitat of cervids, which are typical ungulates in northern China, using the present locations of red deer (Cervus elaphus;N= 90) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus;N= 106) in a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. Our study area was a human-dominated landscape in the Tieli Forestry Bureau located at the southern slope of the Lesser Xing’an Mountains. We grouped 17 environmental predictor variables into five predictor classes (terrain, habitat accessibility, land cover, vegetation feature, and interference), which were used to build habitat suitability models.

Results.Habitat accessibility and human interferences were found to have the strongest influence on habitat suitability among the five variable classes. Among the environmental factors, distance to farmland (26.8%), distance to bush-grass land (14.6%), elevation (13.5%), and distance to water source (12.2%) were most important for red deer, distance to farmland (22.9%), distance to settlement (21.4%), elevation (11.6%), and coverage of shrub-grass (8%) were most important for roe deer. Model accuracy was high for both species (mean area under the curve (AUC) = 0.936 for red deer and 0.924 for roe deer). The overlapping habitat comprised 89.93 km2within the study area, which occupied 94% of potentially suitable habitat for red deer and 27% for roe deer.

Conclusions.In terms of habitat suitability, roe deer showed greater selectivity than red deer. The overlapping habitat was mostly located in the eastern mountains. The southwestern plain was not a suitable habitat for deer because it was close to Tieli City. Regarding management measures, we suggest that priority protection should be given to the potential areas of overlapping deer habitats found in this study.
Evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicle shape, flight path and camera type for waterfowl surveys: disturbance effects and species recognition
Authors: McEvoy John F. , Hall Graham P. , McDonald Paul G.
Published: March 2016

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for ecological research has grown rapidly in recent years, but few studies have assessed the disturbance impacts of these tools on focal subjects, particularly when observing easily disturbed species such as waterfowl. In this study we assessed the level of disturbance that a range of UAV shapes and sizes had on free-living, non-breeding waterfowl surveyed in two sites in eastern Australia between March and May 2015, as well as the capability of airborne digital imaging systems to provide adequate resolution for unambiguous species identification of these taxa. We found little or no obvious disturbance effects on wild, mixed-species flocks of waterfowl when UAVs were flown at least 60m above the water level (fixed wing models) or 40m above individuals (multirotor models). Disturbance in the form of swimming away from the UAV through to leaving the water surface and flying away from the UAV was visible at lower altitudes and when fixed-wing UAVs either approached subjects directly or rapidly changed altitude and/or direction near animals. Using tangential approach flight paths that did not cause disturbance, commercially available onboard optical equipment was able to capture images of sufficient quality to identify waterfowl and even much smaller taxa such as swallows. Our results show that with proper planning of take-off and landing sites, flight paths and careful UAV model selection, UAVs can provide an excellent tool for accurately surveying wild waterfowl populations and provide archival data with fewer logistical issues than traditional methods such as manned aerial surveys.
Learning spinal manipulation: A best-evidence synthesis of teaching methods*
Authors: Stainsby Brynne E. , Clarke Michelle C.S. , Egonia Jade R.
Published: March 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different reported methods used to teach spinal manipulative therapy to chiropractic students.

Methods: For this best-evidence literature synthesis, 5 electronic databases were searched from 1900 to 2015. Eligible studies were critically appraised using the criteria of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Scientifically admissible studies were synthesized following best-evidence synthesis principles.

Results: Twenty articles were critically appraised, including 9 randomized clinical trials, 9 cohort studies, and 2 systematic reviews/meta-analyses. Eleven articles were accepted as scientifically admissible. The type of teaching method aids included a Thrust in Motion cervical manikin, instrumented cardiopulmonary reanimation manikin, padded contact with a load cell, instrumented treatment table with force sensor/transducer, and Dynadjust instrument.

Conclusions: Several different methods exist in the literature for teaching spinal manipulative therapy techniques; however, future research in this developing area of chiropractic education is proposed. It is suggested that various teaching methods be included in the regular curricula of chiropractic colleges to aid in developing manipulation skills, efficiency, and knowledge of performance.