bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ti3C2Tx nanosheet@Cu/Fe-MOF separators for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries: an experimental and density functional theory study
Authors: Kiai Maryam Sadat , Ponnada Srikanth , Eroglu Omer , Mansoor Mubashir , Aslfattahi Navid , Nguyen Vinh , Gadkari Siddarth , Sharma Rakesh K.
Published: November 2023

Conductive Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheet/Fe-MOF or Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheet/Cu-MOF layer was coated on a glass fiber separator to act as a polysulfide trapping layer. .
Triboelectric junction: a model for dynamic metal–semiconductor contacts
Authors: Xu Xiaote , Wang Zhong Lin , Yang Zhengbao
Published: November 2023

A “triboelectric junction” is a space charge region induced by the triboelectric effect, dominating the electron–hole separation process in dynamic semiconductor-based contacts.
Synergistic electrical and light management enables efficient monolithic inorganic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells with over 24% efficiency
Authors: Jiang Shan , Wang Ruyue , Li Minghua , Yu Runnan , Wang Fuzhi , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: November 2023

A synergistic strategy for reducing electrical loss and optimizing current balance was reported to fabricate high-efficiency monolithic inorganic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells. The resulting devices achieved a champion efficiency of 24.07%.
Ethylcoprostanol modulates colorectal cancer cell proliferation and mitigates cytotoxicity of cholesterol metabolites in non-tumor colon cells
Authors: Makran Mussa , Garcia-Llatas Guadalupe , Alegría Amparo , Cilla Antonio
Published: November 2023

This in vitro study reveals that ethylcoprostanol, a β-sitosterol metabolite produced by gut microbiota, reduces colon cancer cell proliferation and protects non-tumor cells from cholesterol metabolite-induced toxicity.
Tuning the selectivity of visible light-driven hydroxylation of benzene to phenol by using Cu, Fe and V oxides supported on N-doped TiO2
Authors: Mancuso Antonietta , Gottuso Alessandro , Parrino Francesco , Picca Rosaria Anna , Venditto Vincenzo , Sacco Olga , Vaiano Vincenzo
Published: November 2023

The Cu/N-TiO2 photocatalyst produces phenol faster than the other formulated photocatalysts. No reduction in benzene conversion (ca. 80%) and phenol yield (ca. 25%) was observed after 4 reuses, confirming the high stability of the catalytic system.
Microwave-assisted, ionic liquid-catalyzed aminolysis and alcoholysis of phosphinic derivatives: the interconversion of phosphinates and phosphinic amides
Authors: Keglevich György , Harsági Nikoletta , Szilágyi Sarolta
Published: November 2023

A chlorine- and solvent-free, ionic liquid-catalyzed method was developed for the synthesis of cyclic phosphinic amides and cyclic phosphinates by the MW assisted aminolysis of phosphinates, and the alcoholysis of phosphinic amides, respectively.
Chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative spirocyclization of alkynyl thioethers
Authors: Fan Xin-Yang , Li Jia-Cheng , Zhou Ji-Jia , Zhou Bo , Ye Long-Wu
Published: November 2023

A chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative spirocyclization of alkynyl thioethers has been developed, leading to the green and atom-economical preparation of chiral sprio[4.5]decan-6-ones in good yields with high enatioselectivities.
Organocatalytic Friedel–Crafts arylation of aldehydes with indoles utilizing N-heterocyclic iod(az)olium salts as halogen-bonding catalysts
Authors: Galathri Eirini M. , Kuczmera Thomas J. , Nachtsheim Boris J. , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: November 2023

Halogen-bonding catalysis enables the organocatalytic Fridel–Crafts arylation of aldehydes with indoles.
Room-temperature reversible F-ion batteries based on sulfone electrolytes with a mild anion acceptor additive
Authors: Yu Yifan , Lei Meng , Li Chilin
Published: November 2023

A non-boron anion acceptor with moderate Lewis acidity is proposed to prepare a F-ion electrolyte with high conductivity at the mS cm−1 level at room temperature. A fluoride ion battery is successfully operated with high conversion reaction reversibility.
NestedAE: interpretable nested autoencoders for multi-scale materials characterization
Authors: Thota Nikhil , Priyadarshini Maitreyee Sharma , Hernandez Rigoberto
Published: November 2023

The multi-scale features and latent space are connected by a nested autoencoder.
High dehydrogenation of ammonia borane by core–shell heterostructure catalysts formed by carbon template-assisted synthesis
Authors: Zheng Hui-Ling , Zhang Zi-Hao , Feng Chen-Gang , Zhu Hong-Lin , Zheng Yue-Qing
Published: November 2023

Core–shell microsphere heterostructure carrier C@Cu0.76C02.24O4 was prepared using a carbon sphere as template, and the CuCo alloy nanoparticles were reduced on the surface of carrier to obtain the catalyst CoxCuy/C@Cu0.76Co2.24O4 for ammonia borane hydrolytic dehydrogenation.
Constructing Z-scheme heterojunctions of Zr-MOF/g-C3N4 for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 production under visible light
Authors: Xing Hongmei , Shi Jun , Yang Weiting , Li Yulong , Wu Ruoyu , Wu Jiani
Published: November 2023

The Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism of Zr-MOF/g-C3N4 effectively improves charge separation and maintains its high redox ability, thus greatly enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.
Ciprofloxacin peptide-based nanoparticles confer antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Zhen Jian-Bin , Yi Jia-Jia , Liu Bing-Xiao , Liu Yan-Jun , Bu Xin-Yi , Wu Xiao-Jing , Tang Da
Published: November 2023

Positively charged PAC-NPs destroy the membrane potential through nonspecific electrostatic interactions. Hydrophobic ciprofloxacin also exerts synergistic antibacterial effects. The physical and chemical sterilization methods of PAC-NPs could prevent bacteria from developing drug-resistance.
Finding a mononuclear cobalt(iii)-peroxo complex with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, an intermediate for dioxygen reduction
Authors: Zhang Yan , Qi Xiao-Fang , Li Can-Hao , Zhan Shu-Zhong
Published: November 2023

1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane (L) reacts with CoCl2 to give [Co(L)(Cl)2]Cl. The introduction of O2 leads to formation of a cobalt(iii)-peroxo species, [L-Co-OO]+, which is responsible for O2 reduction.
Cobalt coordinated 4,4′-bipyridine derived ordered mesoporous N-doped carbon as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction
Authors: Ma Qianhui , Zheng Shuang , Wang Jiajie , You Chenghang , Wang Xianghui , Wang Qingqing
Published: November 2023

Developing highly active, stable and low-cost electrocatalysts to boost the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is key to the practical applications of many advanced energy technologies.
A novel approach towards synthesis of benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles: Eosin Y-catalyzed photo-triggered C–S and C–N bond formation
Authors: Rajput Khushbu , Singh Vishal , Kamal Arsala , Singh Himanshu Kumar , Singh Sundaram , Srivastava Vandana
Published: November 2023

A novel metal-free and environment-friendly approach for synthesizing biologically important moieties, benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles, using photoredox catalyst Eosin Y, ethanol:water as a green solvent and atmospheric air as an oxidant has been developed.
Enhancing supercapacitive performance: integration of bio-mass-derived carbon into a CaMn3O6 nanocomposite
Authors: Rajkumar Palanisamy , Thirumal Vediyappan , Iyer Maalavika S. , Aravinth Karuppanan , Abdollahifar Mozaffar , Yoo Kisoo , Kim Jinho
Published: November 2023

Spherical architecture of calcium manganese metal oxide (CaMn3O6) with biomass carbon nanocomposite, synthesised via simple hydrothermal method used for asymmetric supercapacitor device.
Application of the Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4–PMMA nanocomposite for efficient removal of complex organic pollutants
Authors: Arámbula Joshua , Mohammadi Somayeh , Mahdaviarab Amirhossein , Sanaei Daryoush , Patil Rajendra P. , Sharifan Hamidreza
Published: November 2023

Incorporation of ferromagnetic nanocomposites into a polymeric microporous structure provides an immobilized adsorbent for the removal of organic contaminants from aqueous systems.
7-Azaspiroketal as a unique and effective auxochrome moiety: demonstration in a fluorescent coumarin dye and application in cell imaging
Authors: Indurthi Harish K. , Goswami Pooja , Das Samarpita , Saha Pallavi , Koch Biplob , Sharma Deepak K.
Published: November 2023

A new type of fluorescent coumarin dye was synthesized using 7-azaspiroketals as the electron-donating auxochrome group. Such modifications resulted in high-quality coumarin fluorophores with improved solubility and brightness.
Two solvent-dependent Al16 nanorings: design, synthesis and nonlinear optical limiting behavior
Authors: Wang San-Tai , Qi Xiao , Chen Ran-Qi , Fang Wei-Hui , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2023

Presented herein is a study focusing on the effect of organic shell ligands on the configuration of the ring structure with the same nuclearity, and their photo-related applications, such as fluorescence and third-order nonlinear response.
Effect of M-type reactive dyes on dyeing properties of twisted bamboo fiber bundles
Authors: Hu Shiying , Zhao Weiying , Rong Yu , Zheng Yuwei , Huang Lishan , Yang Feng , Wu Yan
Published: November 2023

The dyeing properties of twisted bamboo fiber bundles were studied by using the combination of three primary colors in M-type reactive dyes.
A high mass loading flexible electrode with a sheet-like Mn3O4/NiMoO4@NiCo LDH on a carbon cloth for supercapacitors
Authors: Liang Ruibin , Liu Si , Lin Jianrong , Dai Jingfei , Peng Jingyi , Huang Peiyuan , Chen Jianwen , Xiao Peng
Published: November 2023

Mass loading is an important parameter to evaluate the application potential of active materials in high-capacity supercapacitors.
Nonequilibrium structure formation in electrohydrodynamic emulsions
Authors: Kach Jeremy I. , Walker Lynn M. , Khair Aditya S.
Published: November 2023

Electrohydrodynamic interaction between drops gives rise to dynamic structure formation.
A novel solid-state synthesis route for high voltage Na3V2(PO4)2F3−2yO2y cathode materials for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Akhtar Mainul , Arraghraghi Hafssa , Kunz Sylvia , Wang Qingsong , Bianchini Matteo
Published: November 2023

A novel solid-state synthesis route is used to synthesize phase-pure NVPF3−2yO2y compounds using (VO)2P2O7 as precursor. The products show promising electrochemical properties, in particular NVPF2O, thanks to a fully solid solution reaction mechanism.
Surface wettability guiding in situ cultivation engineering of hollow polymer nanospheres for persistent efficient uranium extraction
Authors: Wu Fan , Li Hao , Tang Jing , Haleem Abdul , Pan Jianming
Published: November 2023

m-CNTs@H-PDA-AO, a novel sorbent, features magnetized carbon nanotubes with hollow polydopamine. It offers quick adsorption, high uranium specificity, and is reusable, making it ideal for efficient uranium extraction from seawater.
Ultra-broadband microwave absorption of (Mn0.2Fe0.2Zn1.2)x substituted Co2Y hexaferrites with a self-aligned sheet stacked, highly c-axis oriented and multi-domain structure
Authors: Liu Yijian , Li Haifeng , Yan Xutao , Sun Jihui , Zang Jiabao , Luo Xiang , Sun Li , Zhang Meijie
Published: November 2023

Single phase Ba2Co2−1.6x(Mn0.2Fe0.2Zn1.2)xFe12O22 hexaferrites with a self-aligned sheet stacked, highly c-axis oriented and multi-domain structure were fabricated to widen their electromagnetic wave absorption band without an applied magnetic field.
Expanding the horizons of covalent organic frameworks: sub-stoichiometric synthesis as an emerging toolkit for functional COFs
Authors: Vijayakumar Samiyappan , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai , Shankar Sreejith
Published: November 2023

Type III COFs are constructed using sub-stoichiometric synthesis and result in unconventional topologies and active functional groups with a variety of applications.
Interactions of mitochondrial and skeletal muscle biology in mitochondrial myopathy
Authors: Di Leo Valeria , Bernardino Gomes Tiago M. , Vincent Amy E.
Published: November 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle fibres occurs with both healthy aging and a range of neuromuscular diseases. The impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle and the way muscle fibres adapt to this dysfunction is important to understand disease mechanisms and to develop therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and skeletal muscle biology, in mitochondrial myopathy, likely have important implications for normal muscle function and physiology. In this review, we will try to give an overview of what is known to date about these interactions including metabolic remodelling, mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial turnover, cellular processes and muscle cell structure and function. Each of these topics is at a different stage of understanding, with some being well researched and understood, and others in their infancy. Furthermore, some of what we know comes from disease models. Whilst some findings are confirmed in humans, where this is not yet the case, we must be cautious in interpreting findings in the context of human muscle and disease. Here, our goal is to discuss what is known, highlight what is unknown and give a perspective on the future direction of research in this area.
A lightweight true random number generator based on multi‐stage sampling the current starve based ring oscillator
Authors: Cao Yuan , Wang Ruoyu , Huang Zhao
Published: November 2023

In this letter, a novel true random number generator (TRNG) with high energy‐efficient and throughput is proposed for cryptographic systems. The current starve based ring oscillator (CSRO) is biased in the subthrehold region as an entropy source. An individual ring oscillator (RO) is sampled using multiple sampling points of the CSRO working in the sub‐threshold region to obtain a multi‐channel sequence output, thereby fully exploiting the randomness of the entropy source. The proposed TRNG is implemented using a standard 40nm CMOS technology and the simulation results show that it provides high‐quality and 20.66 Mbps random sequences while only consuming 11.46 μW at 1.1 V, 25°C. In addition, the proposed TRNG passes the NIST SP 800‐22 and the NIST SP 800‐90B tests without post‐processing and outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art in terms of energy consumption per bit of the output bitstream, reaching 0.555pJ/bit.
The statistical properties analysis of reconstruction error in greedy pursuit algorithms: Taking OMP as an example
Authors: Xiao Lei , Han Yubing , Ma Xiaofeng , Dai Minghui
Published: November 2023

Greedy pursuit algorithms are widely used in sparse signal processing for their computational efficiency. However, research on the reconstruction error properties is far from comprehensive. This paper derives the statistical properties of reconstruction error in greedy pursuit algorithms, including probability density function (PDF), expectation, and covariance. The reconstruction error follows a mixture distribution, which is composed of multiple multivariate random variables and weighted by the probability of support sets. The multivariate random variable obeys a truncated distribution that results from restricting the noise domain. The validity of the derivations is verified by using the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm as an example.
Electromagnetic design of an ultra‐high‐speed bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Xiaoyuan Wang , Na Li , Tianyuan Li , Yuhao Xu
Published: November 2023

Aiming at the problem of high‐speed motors being limited by multiple physical fields, which makes it difficult to achieve ultra‐high‐speed stable operation and develop towards higher speeds and higher power, an ultra‐high‐speed bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor (UBPMSM) is proposed. Based on the mathematical model of suspension force for the bearingless permanent magnet motor considering the rotor eccentricity and load condition, the electromagnetic design method for UBPMSM is proposed. According to this method, the topology, torque system and suspension force system of a 10 kw 100k r/min UBPMSM are theoretically designed. The finite element method (FEM) is used to analyse the electromagnetic performance, which verifies the correctness of the proposed design method for UBPMSM. Further analysis and selection of winding span combinations are conducted to obtain better torque and suspension performance.
An improved decision tree‐based method for evaluating transient overvoltage caused by commutation failure in LCC‐HVDC systems
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Qin Boyu , Gao Xin , Zhang Yixing , Ding Tao
Published: November 2023

The commutation failure is the most prevalent fault in line‐commutated converter based high‐voltage direct current systems, which may result in transient overvoltage on the sending‐side system. Overvoltage level evaluation has become a crucial task for power industries to assess the tripping risk of large‐scale wind turbines and implement effective stability control measures. In this paper, a derivation of the mathematical relationship between the reactive power consumed by the rectifier and AC voltage is presented firstly, along with an analytical expression for the peak value of transient overvoltage. Secondly, decision tree (DT) model is adopted to extract the mapping relationship between transient overvoltage and massive electrical quantities of power grids. The common DT algorithm is transformed by modifying the error weight assignment, which reflects the error tolerances for different actual overvoltage regions. On this basis, an overvoltage analysis method integrating the model‐driven and data‐driven techniques is proposed, and the improved DT algorithm is applied to fast error correction, enhancing the interpretability of regression prediction results. Case studies were performed in the simulation system of Northwest China local power grid with transient overvoltage problems, and the simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Structural design and simulation study of intelligent defect elimination equipment for high‐voltage transmission line pin defects
Authors: Pei Shaotong , Sun Haichao
Published: November 2023

Transmission lines may suffer from pin defects, necessitating regular patrols and maintenance. The traditional maintenance approach not only involves a substantial workload and low efficiency but also poses a threat to the safety of maintenance personnel. To address the issue of pin defects in high‐voltage transmission lines, this paper introduces the design of an intelligent pin‐eliminating robot. The research focuses on two main aspects: firstly, analyzing the transmission line environment and employing Solidworks software to design the mechanical structure of the robot. Subsequently, a static stress analysis of the robot's structure is conducted to ensure the rationality of the design. The second aspect addresses the impact of the robot on the electric field distribution of the transmission line in high electric field intensity areas and whether the robot itself experiences discharge phenomena. COMSOL simulation software is utilized to globally calculate and analyze the electric field of the robot. Research results indicate that the threshold for the curvature radius of the pin‐eliminating robot's tip is 2.5mm, and values below this threshold may lead to the occurrence of discharge phenomena. The optimized pin‐eliminating robot, under normal operation, does not exhibit discharge phenomena in a 500kV strong electric field.
Protection scheme for LVDC distribution network based on stepwise blocking of power electronic transformer
Authors: Guo Yongfan , Zheng Tao , Lv Wenxuan , Li Yifan
Published: November 2023

Cascaded H‐bridge power electronic transformers (CHB‐PET) can efficiently connect AC/DC distribution networks, realizing power transmission and electric energy conversion. Once a pole‐to‐pole DC fault occurs on the low‐voltage direct current (LVDC) side of CHB‐PET, the fault current has a fast rise and high amplitude, which easily leads to the rapid blocking of power electronic devices and makes it difficult for DC line protection to obtain fault information. A stepwise blocking scheme of PET is proposed for LVDC network protection. When the fault on the LVDC side of PET is detected, cascaded H‐bridge and low‐voltage H‐bridge of dual‐active‐bridge are blocked first, and then high‐voltage H‐bridge of dual‐active‐bridge is blocked after a 5 ms delay. The stepwise blocking can provide fault information for DC line protection. On this basis, wavelet packet transform is employed to extract different frequency components of fault current. The energy of the specific frequency band corresponding to the switching frequency of DAB and the total energy of all frequency bands contained in the fault current is calculated; then their ratio can be utilized to construct the protection scheme. Finally, the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed protection scheme based on stepwise blocking of CHB‐PET.
Outage probability of two‐way hybrid satellite‐terrestrial relaying networks with hardware impairments
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Mu Tong , Tao Xiaofeng
Published: November 2023

The system outage probability of two‐way hybrid satellite‐terrestrial relaying networks with hardware impairments is investigated, using a novel method which features appropriate signal‐to‐noise‐and‐distortion ratio expression adjustment. A concise closed‐form lower bound expression is derived, which is in good agreement with the exact outage probability in all signal‐to‐noise ratio regions. Based on the tight bound, an asymptotic expression is obtained, revealing that the hardware impairments coin the system outage probability ceiling. The deducing method, characterized by generality, can be applicable to various realistic fading channels. Simulation results validate the derived expressions.
Research of trusted real‐time electrical data transmission mechanism based on Parallel Proof of Work algorithm
Authors: Yiming Chen , Dongliang Gao , Yuxuan Yang , Jintang Luo , Li Yi
Published: November 2023

Secure and reliable electricity supply is a prerequisite for the development of smart cities, and the trustworthy and efficient transmission of electrical data is the foundation for the safe and stable operation of the power grid. This paper introduces a real‐time data transmission blockchain technique based on parallel proof of work algorithm. The new block generation process of proposed blockchain is divided into five subroutines: hash pointer computation, real‐time data pudding, signature value iteration, interruption, block header assembly. The real‐time data pudding and signature value iteration are parallel processed, which brings the effect of decreasing energy loss of blockchain system, and enhances the speed of new block generation and the bandwidth of data storage on blockchain. Computer simulation shows the proposed strategy can be effectively applied in real‐time electrical data transmission application, raising the data transmission reliability with no harm to real‐time data transfer function. This strategy provides a solution to guarantee data transmission safety in the digital conversion of power grid.
Small-scale dynamo in cool stars
Authors: Bhatia Tanayveer , Cameron Robert , Peter Hardi , Solanki Sami
Published: November 2023

Context. Some of the quiet solar magnetic flux could be attributed to a small-scale dynamo (SSD) operating in the convection zone. An SSD operating in cool main-sequence stars is expected to affect the atmospheric structure, in particular, the convection, and should have observational signatures.

Aims. We investigate the distribution of SSD magnetic fields and their effect on bolometric intensity characteristics, vertical velocity, and spatial distribution of the kinetic energy (KE) and magnetic energy (ME) in the lower photosphere of different spectral types.

Methods. We analyzed the SSD and purely hydrodynamic simulations of the near surface layers of F3V, G2V, K0V, and M0V stars. We compared the time-averaged distributions and power spectra in SSD setups relative to the hydrodynamic setup. The properties of the individual magnetic fields are also considered.

Results. The probability density functions with a field strength at the τ = 1 surface are quite similar for all cases. The M0V star displays the strongest fields, but relative to the gas pressure, the fields on the F3V star reach the highest values. In all stars, the horizontal field is stronger than the vertical field in the middle photosphere, and this excess becomes increasingly prominent toward later spectral types. These fields result in a decrease in the upflow velocities and a slight decrease in granule size, and also lead to formation of bright points in intergranular lanes. The spatial distribution of the KE and ME is also similar for all cases, implying that important scales are proportional to the pressure scale height.

Conclusions. The SSD fields have rather similar effects on the photospheres of cool main-sequence stars: a significant reduction in convective velocities, as well as a slight reduction in granule size and a concentration of the field to kilogauss levels in intergranular lanes that is associated with the formation of bright points. The distribution of the field strengths and energies is also rather similar.
Genome Analysis of 10K SARS-COV-2 Sequences to Identify the Presence of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Authors: Nugrahapraja Husna , Hasna Syahira Nandrea , Fauzi Alidza
Published: November 2023

A new type of coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, which was named SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2). The high mutation rate of SARS-CoV2 makes it challenging to develop effective vaccines for all variants. Substitution is the most common type of mutation that occurs in SARS-CoV-2. This research was conducted to identify the genetic variability of mutations in SNP of SARS-CoV-2 and analyse the impact. About 15,000 sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were downloaded from GISAID, which were isolated from 33 different countries around the world from February 2020 to July 2021. Sequence analysis was done using the MAFFT and the Nextclade. The results of this study are expected to help identify conserved regions in SARS-CoV-2 which can be used as probes for the virus identification process and can be used as target areas in vaccine development. Furthermore the results showed that the most common variants were variants 20B, 20A, and 20I (Alpha), with a population percentage of 32.12%, 23.95% and 17.39% of the total population, respectively. Furthermore, SNPs were called in the samples using the SNP-sites and extracted using Excel. Of the 10,107 sequences of SARSCoV-2 studied, 154 SNPs were found with the highest number of SNPs in the spike, nsp3 and nucleocapsid genes. The ratio of the number of mutations to the most extensive sequence length was in the ORF8, ORF7a, and ORF7b genes with respective values of 0.537, 0.474, and 0.419.
Gingival inflammation induction in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats: A pilot study
Authors: Ani Rahman Friska , Sunarintyas Siti , Martien Ronny , Syaify Ahmad
Published: November 2023

Pregnancy gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingiva caused by dental plaque and exacerbated by hormonal changes. Gingival inflammation is often induced in laboratory animal models, such as SpragueDawley rats used for experimental models. This investigation was to establish inducing gingival inflammation in pregnant rats. The purpose of this study was to establish a reproducible method for inducing gingival inflammation in both incisive mandibles of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats using ligation and dietary manipulation. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were used as experimental subjects. As ligation, 4-0 nonresorbable silk thread was utilized and affixed using a “8”-shaped knot technique. The ligatures were inserted between the mandible’s central incisors. The operation was carried out under anaesthesia. Once the rat’s ligature was removed after 5th,7th,10th and 14th days. The clinical appearance and radiographic examination were evaluated. Gingival inflammation induction by ligation and dietary intake modification caused inflammation of gingival tissue, was seen at 5th day. Clinical examination showed getting worst at 14th day. In our study, gingival inflammation on pregnant rat was achieved five days after ligation and dietary intake modification.
Risk of Adverse Drug-Drug Interactions in Heart Failure Patients with Co-morbidity Chronic Kidney Disease Prescribed Polypharmacy
Authors: Suryaman Aldi , Bakhriansyah Mohammad , Yustikasari Intan , Winata Nurikhwan Pandji , Laksono Adiputro Dwi
Published: November 2023

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome due to the impairment of myocardial function, valvular or pericardial diseases, or anything interfering blood flow leading to fluid retention. A comorbidity that can accompany HF patients is chronic kidney disease (CKD). This condition requires consumption of several drugs simultaneously (polypharmacy). This study aimed to determine the risk of adverse drug-drug interactions in HF patients with co-morbid CKD prescribed polypharmacy. This is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach in the Cardiac Outpatient Clinic of Ulin Public Hospital, Banjarmasin using medical records from 2020-2021. The interactions were determined using the UpToDate® under the Lexicomp tool. Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI) were determined using Logistic Regression analysis. Of 27 patients, 17 were males (62.96%). Most of the interactions (92.92%) were under category C and the moderate category (82 interactions, 82.83%). For HF patients with CKD, polypharmacy increased the risk of adverse drug-drug interactions by 2.75 times compared to those who were not prescribed polypharmacy, but it was not statistically significant (crude POR 2.75, 95% CI; 0.248-30.512). In conclusion, there is no significant relationship between polypharmacy and the risk of adverse drug-drug interactions in HF patients with CKD.
Enfortumab vedotin as a salvage option as 5th line therapy for metastatic urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Klee Melanie , Roesch Marie Christine , Eggers Hendrik , Ivanyi Philipp , Merseburger Axel S. , Kramer Mario
Published: November 2023

A 67-year-old female patient with a muscle-invasive, non-metastatic urothelial bladder cancer (UC) (pT2 G3 cN0 cM0) developed metachronous metastases within 6 months after radical cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion.

After a good primary response to platinum-based chemotherapy, treatment was switched to the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pembrolizumab due to progressive disease. Subsequently the patient underwent selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) of the liver and received vinflunine as well as a re-challenge with pembrolizumab.

Two years after the initial diagnosis, rapid disease progression ultimately led to a switch to 5th line therapy with enfortumab vedotin (EV), which had only been approved in the United States at that time. The antibody-drug conjugate was well tolerated by the patient after dose reduction to 1.0 mg/ kg body weight. Simultaneous irradiation of newly occurring precardiac, hepatic and cerebral metastases were necessary. After 10 months of therapy with EV, tumour regression was observed accompanied with good symptom control.

The presented case illustrates the efficacy and tolerability of EV in a heavily pre-treated patient with metastatic UC (mUC).
Medicinal Cannabis: Extended Stability of Cannabis Extracts Produced Using a New Ethanol-based Extraction Method
Authors: Morano Camillo , Dei Cas Michele , Casagni Eleonora , Pallavicini Marco , Bolchi Cristiano , Penati Sara , Cuomo Arturo , Cascella Marco , Bimonte Sabrina , Spensiero Antonia , Ferrari Andrea , Lombardi Annunziata , Roda Gabriella
Published: November 2023

Cannabis as a therapeutic agent is increasing in popularity all around the globe, particularly in Western countries, and its potential is now well assessed. On the other hand, each country
has its own regulation for the preparation of cannabis macerated oils; in Italy, there are only a few preparation methods allowed. With this work, we aim to perform a stability study of
cannabis oils produced with a novel method for the extraction of cannabinoids from cannabis inflorescence. Three different varieties of cannabis were used, with and without the adding of
tocopherol acetate as an antioxidant. Cannabinoids were extracted using ethanol at room temperature; then, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the preparations
reconstituted with olive oil. In this work, we assessed the stability of both cannabinoids and terpenes in these formulas over 8 months. Cannabinoid stability was assessed by monitoring the
concentrations of THC and CBD, while terpene stability was assessed by monitoring β-Caryophyllene and α-Humulene concentrations. Stability of the extracts was not influenced by
the presence of tocopherol acetate, though refrigeration seems to be detrimental for a long storage of products, especially regarding THC concentrations. The improvements offered by this
method reside in the flexibility in controlling the concentration of the extract and the ability to produce highly concentrated oils, alongside the possibility to produce standardized oils
despite the variability of the starting plant material.
Regioselective Synthesis of 2,4- and 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3-Thiazoles from 2-Oxo-2-(amino)ethanedithioates via Base-Catalyzed Cyclization
Authors: Sadashiva Maralinganadoddi P. , Singh Krishna Ravi , Santhosh Chikkappaiahnayaka , Sheela Kalleshappa
Published: November 2023

Facile and efficient methods are reported for the synthesis of 2,4- and 2,5-disubstituted-1,3-thiazoles by the cyclization of 2-oxo-2-(amino)ethanedithioates with TosMIC and α-haloketones in high yields. Key structures were confirmed based on X-ray crystallographic studies. In addition, investigation of ground state geometry, electronic and molecular structural properties, FMOs, global reactivity descriptors, MEP and NCI analyses were predicted to access the information related to the stability, reactivity, and strength of the interactions present in the molecules by quantum chemical calculations. Further, the potency of derivatives was tested against the SARS-Cov2 receptor (PDB ID: 7mc6) via molecular docking approach with binding scores of –6.0 to –8.4 kcal/mol.
Improvement of adenoma detection rate by two computer-aided colonic polyp detection systems in high adenoma detectors: a randomized multicenter trial
Authors: Tiankanon Kasenee , Aniwan Satimai , Kerr Stephen J , Mekritthikrai Krittaya , Kongtab Natanong , Wisedopas Naruemon , Piyachaturawat Panida , Kulpatcharapong Santi , Linlawan Sittikorn , Phromnil Poonrada , Muangpaisarn Puth , Orprayoon Theerapat , Chanyaswad Jaruwan , Sunthornwechapong Panukorn , Vateekul Peerapon , Kullavanijaya Pinit , Rerknimitr Rungsun
Published: November 2023

Background This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of a self-developed computer-aided polyp detection system (SD-CADe) and a commercial system (CM-CADe) for high adenoma detectors compared with white-light endoscopy (WLE) as a control.

Methods Average-risk 50–75-year-old individuals who underwent screening colonoscopy at five referral centers were randomized to SD-CADe, CM-CADe, or WLE groups (1:1:1 ratio). Trainees and staff with an adenoma detection rate (ADR) of ≥35% were recruited. The primary outcome was ADR. Secondary outcomes were the proximal adenoma detection rate (pADR), advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR), and the number of adenomas, proximal adenomas, and advanced adenomas per colonoscopy (APC, pAPC, and AAPC, respectively).

Results The study enrolled 1200 participants. The ADR in the
control, CM-CADe, and SD-CADe groups was 38.3%, 50.0%, and 54.8%, respectively. The pADR was
23.0%, 32.3%, and 38.8%, respectively. AADR was 6.0%, 10.3%, and 9.5%, respectively. After
adjustment, the ADR and pADR in both intervention groups were significantly higher than in
controls (all P<0.05). The APC in the control, CM-CADe, and SD-CADe groups was 0.66, 1.04,
and 1.16, respectively. The pAPC was 0.33, 0.53, and 0.64, respectively, and the AAPC was
0.07, 0.12, and 0.10, respectively. Both CADe systems showed significantly higher APC and pAPC
than WLE. AADR and AAPC were improved in both CADe groups versus control, although the
differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion Even in high adenoma detectors, CADe significantly improved ADR and APC. The AADR tended to be higher with both systems, and this may enhance colorectal cancer prevention.
Surgical Management and Advances in the Treatment of Glioma
Authors: Hardigan Andrew A. , Jackson Joshua D. , Patel Anoop P.
Published: November 2023

The care of patients with both high-grade glioma and low-grade glioma necessitates an interdisciplinary collaboration between neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, neurologists and other practitioners. In this review, we aim to detail the considerations, approaches and advances in the neurosurgical care of gliomas. We describe the impact of extent-of-resection in high-grade and low-grade glioma, with particular focus on primary and recurrent glioblastoma. We address advances in surgical methods and adjunct technologies such as intraoperative imaging and fluorescence guided surgery that maximize extent-of-resection while minimizing the potential for iatrogenic neurological deficits. Finally, we review surgically-mediated therapies other than resection and discuss the role of neurosurgery in emerging paradigm-shifts in inter-disciplinary glioma management such as serial tissue sampling and “window of opportunity trials”.
Experiment on inducing apoptosis of melanoma cells by micro-plasma jet
Authors: Li Hua , Shi Qihao , Yang Yanhua , Qi Jinghao , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Fengyun , Du Xiaoxia , Xiao Wenxiang
Published: November 2023

As a promising cancer treatment method, cold atmospheric plasma has received widespread attention in recent years. However, previous research has focused more on how to realize and expand the anti-cancer scope of plasma jet. There are also studies on the killing of small-scale cancer cells, but the effects of plasma jet on normal cells and normal cell clusters have been ignored. Therefore, we proposed a 50 µm sized micro-plasma jet device, and used the device to treat melanoma cells (A-375) and human glial cells (HA1800) to evaluate their anti-cancer effects and effects on normal cells. The experimental results show that this kind of micro-plasma jet device can effectively inactivate cancer cells in a short period of time, while having little effect on normal cells. This work provides a certain experimental basis for the application of fine plasma jet to clinically inactivate cancer cells.
Strange attractors for the family of orientation preserving Lozi maps
Authors: Kucharski Przemysław
Published: November 2023

We extend the result of Michał Misiurewicz assuring the existence of strange attractors for the parametrized family {f(a,b)} of orientation reversing Lozi maps to the orientation preserving case. That is, we rigorously determine an open subset of the parameter space for which an attractor A(a,b) of f(a,b) always exists and exhibits chaotic properties. Moreover, we prove that the attractor is maximal in some open parameter region and arises as the closure of the unstable manifold of a fixed point on which f(a,b)|A(a,b) is mixing. We also show that A(a,b) vary continuously with parameter (a,b) in the Hausdorff metric.
Global well-posedness to the 3D Cauchy problem of nonhomogeneous Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity and large initial velocity
Authors: Zhou Ling , Tang Chun-Lei
Published: November 2023

We are concerned with the global well-posedness of strong solutions to the Cauchy problem of nonhomogeneous Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity and vacuum in R3. With the help of energy method, we prove the global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions provided that the initial mass is properly small. In particular, the initial velocity can be arbitrarily large. This improves He, Li, and Lü’s work [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 239, 1809–1835 (2021)]. Moreover, we also extend the result of Liu [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. B 26, 1291–1303 (2021)] to the case that large oscillations of the solutions are allowed.
Reservoir computing decoupling memory–nonlinearity trade-off
Authors: Xia Ji , Chu Junyu , Leng Siyang , Ma Huanfei
Published: November 2023

Reservoir computing (RC), a variant recurrent neural network, has very compact architecture and ability to efficiently reconstruct nonlinear dynamics by combining both memory capacity and nonlinear transformations. However, in the standard RC framework, there is a trade-off between memory capacity and nonlinear mapping, which limits its ability to handle complex tasks with long-term dependencies. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a new RC framework called neural delayed reservoir computing (ND-RC) with a chain structure reservoir that can decouple the memory capacity and nonlinearity, allowing for independent tuning of them, respectively. The proposed ND-RC model offers a promising solution to the memory–nonlinearity trade-off problem in RC and provides a more flexible and effective approach for modeling complex nonlinear systems with long-term dependencies. The proposed ND-RC framework is validated with typical benchmark nonlinear systems and is particularly successful in reconstructing and predicting the Mackey–Glass system with high time delays. The memory–nonlinearity decoupling ability is further confirmed by several standard tests.
A jump-diffusion stochastic formalism for muscle contraction models at multiple timescales
Authors: Chaintron L.-P. , Kimmig F. , Caruel M. , Moireau P.
Published: November 2023

Muscle contraction at the macrolevel is a physiological process that is ultimately due to the interaction between myosin and actin proteins at the microlevel. The actin–myosin interaction involves slow attachment and detachment responses and a rapid temporal change in protein conformation called power-stroke. Jump-diffusion models that combine jump processes between attachment and detachment with a mechanical description of the power-stroke have been proposed in the literature. However, the current formulations of these models are not fully compatible with the principles of thermodynamics. To solve the problem of coupling continuous mechanisms with discrete chemical transitions, we rely on the mathematical formalism of Poisson random measures. First, we design an efficient stochastic formulation for existing muscle contraction partial differential equation models. Then, we write a new jump-diffusion model for actin–myosin interaction. This new model describes both the behavior of muscle contraction on multiple time scales and its compatibility with thermodynamic principles. Finally, following a classical calibration procedure, we demonstrate the ability of the model to reproduce experimental data characterizing muscle behavior on fast and slow time scales.
Absence of cross-sublattice spin pumping and spin-transfer torques in collinear antiferromagnets
Authors: Tang Junyu , Cheng Ran
Published: November 2023

We resolve the debate over the existence and magnitude of cross-sublattice (CS) contributions to spin pumping and spin-transfer torques in a two-sublattice antiferromagnet connected to a non-magnetic metal. Guided by symmetry considerations, we first relate the controversial CS terms to specific components in the spin conductance matrix. Then, we quantify these components by studying the spin-dependent electron scattering on a fully compensated interface. We ascertain the absence of all CS contributions in the collinear regime. Even in the non-collinear regime, the CS contributions only constitute a higher-order correction to the existing theory.
The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator
Authors: Aniculaesei Constantin , Ha Thanh , Yoffe Samuel , Labun Lance , Milton Stephen , McCary Edward , Spinks Michael M. , Quevedo Hernan J. , Labun Ou Z. , Sain Ritwik , Hannasch Andrea , Zgadzaj Rafal , Pagano Isabella , Franco-Altamirano Jose A. , Ringuette Martin L. , Gaul Erhart , Luedtke Scott V. , Tiwari Ganesh , Ersfeld Bernhard , Brunetti Enrico , Ruhl Hartmut , Ditmire Todd , Bruce Sandra , Donovan Michael E. , Downer Michael C. , Jaroszynski Dino A. , Hegelich Bjorn Manuel
Published: November 2023

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma waves. Under appropriate conditions, electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic velocities. This scheme is called a laser wakefield accelerator. In this work, we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the wakefields. We find that a 10-cm-long, nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC, 10 ± 1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms divergence. It can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.
Ultrathin interferometric hydrophone towed line array based on uwFBG
Authors: Wu Su , Gu Hongcan , Pang Yandong , Liu Wen , Wang Jiabei , Huang Junbin
Published: November 2023

In order to improve the suitability of the fiber hydrophone towing line array, we propose an interferometric hydrophone towed line array with a diameter of 1.7 mm. The line array is an integration of sensitization and package, embedding grating sensors in the composite materials of Kevlar and polyurethane in an additional pultrusion process. The theory and experiment indicate that polymer cladding of pultrusion is an effective way to improve phase sensitivity, increasing mechanical strength and decreasing cable diameter simultaneously. Then, a hydroacoustic detection system, with a quasi-distributed ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating towed line array, based on unbalanced interference is established and its phase sensitivities are tested experimentally. The result is measured by the vibration liquid column method and compared with a standard piezoelectric underwater acoustic detector. Over the frequency range of 200–2000 Hz, the system has a good amplitude–frequency response. We obtain an average phase sound pressure sensitivity of about −147.96 dB (re 1 rad/μPa) and a relative flatness response of 3 dB. The experimental results show that this system provides the possibility of an integrated hydrophone towed linear array with high adaptability and reliability.
Reverse Washburn dynamics induces flow acceleration during capillary filling
Authors: Castonguay S. , Temiz Y. , Delamarche E. , Gervais T.
Published: November 2023

We present a corollary to Washburn's equation in capillary dynamics. We show that, during capillary filling, in cases where flow path decreases with time, an accelerating capillary flow or reverse-Washburn flow regime occurs. We provide a description of this phenomenon following Washburn's classic analysis and characterize a “reverse-Washburn” capillary flow regime in both inertial and viscous regimes. This regime is observed and characterized in experiments and numerical simulations of recently discovered self-coalescence flows, opening the door to engineering devices with naturally accelerating capillary inflows.
Coherent sub-femtosecond soft x-ray free-electron laser pulses with nonlinear compression
Authors: Prat Eduard , Malyzhenkov Alexander , Arrell Christopher , Craievich Paolo , Reiche Sven , Schietinger Thomas , Wang Guanglei
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate the generation of coherent soft x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) pulses with a duration below 1 fs using nonlinear compression with a low-charge electron beam (10 pC). The approach is simple, and it does not require any special hardware, so it can be readily implemented at any x-ray FEL facility. We present temporal and spectral diagnostics confirming the production of single-spike sub-femtosecond pulses for photon energies of 642 and 1111 eV. Our work will be important for ultrafast FEL applications requiring soft x-rays.