bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lonsdalea quercina subsp. populi subsp. nov., isolated from bark canker of poplar trees
Authors: Tóth Tímea , Lakatos Tamás , Koltay András
Published: November 2012

Seven Gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated from oozing bark canker of poplar (Populus×euramericana) trees in Hungary. They showed high (>98.3 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to

Lonsdalea quercina

; however, they differed from this species in several phenotypic characteristics. Multilocus sequence analysis based on three housekeeping genes (gyrB, atpD and infB) revealed, and DNA–DNA hybridization analysis confirmed, that this group of bacterial strains forms a distinct lineage within the species

Lonsdalea quercina

. A detailed study of phenotypic and physiological characteristics confirmed the separation of isolates from poplars from other subspecies of

L. quercina

; therefore, a novel subspecies,

Lonsdalea quercina

subsp. populi, type strain NY060T ( = DSM 25466T = NCAIM B 02483T), is proposed.
Blastopirellula cremea sp. nov., isolated from a dead ark clam
Authors: Lee Hae-Won , Roh Seong Woon , Shin Na-Ri , Lee Jina , Whon Tae Woong , Jung Mi-Ja , Yun Ji-Hyun , Kim Min-Soo , Hyun Dong-Wook , Kim Daekyung , Bae Jin-Woo
Published: November 2012

Strain LHWP2T, a novel, aerobic, budding, motile and ovoid bacterium belonging to the phylumPlanctomycetes, was isolated from a dead ark clam (Scapharca broughtonii) from the south coast of Korea. Strain LHWP2Tgrew optimally at 30 °C, in the presence of 4 % (w/v) NaCl, and at pH 7. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7cand/or C18 : 1ω6c(summed feature 8) and C18 : 1ω9c. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6). The dominant polar lipid was identified as phosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the novel strain was most closely related toBlastopirellula marinaDSM 3645T, with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.1 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain LHWP2Twas 49.5 mol%. Strain LHWP2Twas distinguished fromB. marinaDSM 3645Tbased on its optimum salinity, acid production from substrates, assimilation of substrates and DNA G+C content. Overall, these phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data suggest that strain LHWP2Tshould be classified as a novel species belonging to the genusBlastopirellula, for which the nameBlastopirellula cremeasp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LHWP2T( = KACC 15559T = JCM 17758T).
Hoeflea suaedae sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from the root of the halophyte Suaeda maritima
Authors: Chung Eu Jin , Park Jeong Ae , Pramanik Prabhat , Bibi Fehmida , Jeon Che Ok , Chung Young Ryun
Published: November 2012

A Gram-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YC6898T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a halophyte (Suaeda maritima) inhabiting tidal flat of Namhae Island, Korea. Strain YC6898Tgrew optimally at 30–37 °C and pH 6.5–7.5. The strain inhibited mycelial growth ofPythium ultimumandPhytophthora capsici. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YC6898Tbelongs to the genusHoefleain the familyPhyllobacteriaceae. Its closest relatives wereHoeflea alexandriiAM1V30T(96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity),Hoeflea anabaenaeWH2KT(95.7 %),Hoeflea phototrophicaDFL-43T(95.5 %) andHoeflea marinaLMG 128T(94.8 %). Strain YC6898Tcontained Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. The major fatty acids of strain YC6898Twere C18 : 1ω7c(61.1 %), C16 : 0(11.9 %), 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c(9.6 %) and C19 : 0cyclo ω8c(8.0 %). The polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unknown lipids and an unknown glycolipid. The total genomic DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain YC6898Trepresents a novel species of the genusHoeflea, for which the nameHoeflea suaedaesp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC6898T( = KACC 14911T = NBRC 107700T).
Methylomonas paludis sp. nov., the first acid-tolerant member of the genus

Methylomonas

, from an acidic wetland
Authors: Danilova Olga V. , Kulichevskaya Irina S. , Rozova Olga N. , Detkova Ekaterina N. , Bodelier Paul L. E. , Trotsenko Yuri A. , Dedysh Svetlana N.
Published: November 2012

An aerobic methanotrophic bacterium was isolated from an acidic (pH 3.9) Sphagnum peat bog in north-eastern Russia and designated strain MG30T. Cells of this strain were Gram-negative, pale pink-pigmented, non-motile, thick rods that were covered by large polysaccharide capsules and contained an intracytoplasmic membrane system typical of type I methanotrophs. They possessed a particulate methane monooxygenase enzyme (pMMO) and utilized only methane and methanol. Carbon was assimilated via the ribulose-monophosphate pathway; nitrogen was fixed via an oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase. Strain MG30T was able to grow at a pH range of 3.8–7.3 (optimum pH 5.8–6.4) and at temperatures between 8 and 30 °C (optimum 20–25 °C). The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1ω5t, C16 : 1ω8c, C16 : 1ω7c and C14 : 0; the DNA G+C content was 48.5 mol%. The isolate belongs to the family

Methylococcaceae

of the class

Gammaproteobacteria

and displayed 94.7–96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to members of the genus

Methylomonas

. However, strain MG30T differed from all taxonomically characterized members of this genus by the absence of motility, the ability to grow in acidic conditions and low DNA G+C content. Therefore, we propose to classify this strain as representing a novel, acid-tolerant species of the genus

Methylomonas

, Methylomonas paludis sp. nov. Strain MG30T ( = DSM 24973T = VKM B-2745T) is the type strain.
The Requirement for Carotenoids in the Assembly and Function of the Photosynthetic Complexes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Santabarbara Stefano , Casazza Anna Paola , Ali Kulsam , Economou Chloe K. , Wannathong Thanyanun , Zito Francesca , Redding Kevin E. , Rappaport Fabrice , Purton Saul
Published: November 2012

We have investigated the importance of carotenoids on the accumulation and function of the photosynthetic apparatus using a mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii lacking carotenoids. The FN68 mutant is deficient in phytoene synthase, the first enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, and therefore is unable to synthesize any carotenes and xanthophylls. We find that FN68 is unable to accumulate the light-harvesting complexes associated with both photosystems as well as the RC subunits of photosystem II. The accumulation of the cytochrome b  6  f complex is also strongly reduced to a level approximately 10% that of the wild type. However, the residual fraction of assembled cytochrome b  6  f complexes exhibits single-turnover electron transfer kinetics comparable to those observed in the wild-type strain. Surprisingly, photosystem I is assembled to significant levels in the absence of carotenoids in FN68 and possesses functional properties that are very similar to those of the wild-type complex.
Molecular mechanisms of plant competition: neighbour detection and response strategies
Authors: Pierik Ronald , Mommer Liesje , Voesenek Laurentius ACJ
Published: November 2012

Plant competition determines the diversity and species abundance of natural communities as well as potential yields in agricultural systems. Understanding the mechanisms of plant competition is instrumental to understanding plant performance in true vegetations.

In this review, we will address various components of competition between plant individuals with a specific focus on molecular aspects. As plant–plant interactions during competition are multiple and complex, we will focus here on a restricted set of examples of plant traits that are thought to enhance their performance during competition.

To respond to competition by neighbours, plants first need to detect these competitors in a reliable way. We discuss the various ways of molecular detection of competition through light‐quality signals, nutrient levels, soluble root exudates and volatile organic compounds emitted by neighbouring plants. Once perceived, these signals are translated into responses such as shade avoidance, root foraging and allelopathy.

We integrate the various molecular patterns of signal detection and subsequent plant responses, both above‐ and below‐ground and including their interaction. We outline research strategies towards creating a general, mechanistic understanding of how plants increase their performance during competition.
Metacommunity structure in a small boreal stream network
Authors: Göthe Emma , Angeler David G. , Sandin Leonard
Published: November 2012

Current ecological frameworks emphasize the relative importance of local and regional drivers for structuring species communities. However, most research has been carried out in systems with discrete habitat boundaries and a clear insular structure. Stream networks deviate from the insular structure and can serve as excellent model systems for studying hierarchical community dynamics over different temporal and spatial extents.

We used benthic invertebrate data from streams in a small northernSwedish catchment to test whether metacommunity dynamics change between seasons, across spatial hierarchies (i.e. at the whole catchment scale vs. the scales of first‐order and second/third‐order sites within the catchment) and between stream‐order groups.

We assessed metacommunity structure as a function of three relevant dispersal dimensions (directional downstream processes, along‐stream dispersal and overland dispersal). These dispersal dimensions were related to species groups with relevant dispersal traits (flying capacity, drift propensity) and dispersal capacities (weak vs. strong) to elucidate whether the observed spatial signals were due to dispersal limitation or mass effects.

Results showed complex community organization that varied between seasons, with the scale of observation, and with stream order. The importance of spatial factors and specific dispersal dimensions was highly dependent on the time of sampling and the scale of observation. The importance of environmental factors was more consistent in our analyses, but their effect on species community structure peaked at first‐order sites. Our analyses of species dispersal traits were not unequivocal, but indicated that both mass effects and dispersal limitation could simultaneously contribute to the spatial signal at the scale of the whole catchment through different dispersal pathways.

We conclude that the study of hierarchically organized ecosystems uncovers complex patterns of metacommunity organization that may deviate substantially from those of systems with insular structure and discrete habitat boundaries. Moreover, we show that dispersal constraints imposed by the dendritic structure of stream networks and distinct dispersal mechanisms (e.g. dispersal limitation) may be evident also at very small spatial extents. Thus, even at this small scale, a landscape management approach that takes the dendritic nature of stream networks into account is needed to effectively conserve stream biodiversity.
Endoscopist's view of the future role of the gastroenterologist in digestive oncology
Authors: Tytgat Guido NJ
Published: November 2012

Improvement in digestive oncology will require the creation of multidisciplinary teams. Expert gastroenterologists who are super‐specializing in digestive oncology (onco‐gastroenterologists) should be in the center of such highly qualified teams. To fulfill this role the onco‐gastroenterologist will need adequate training in all aspects of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic activities related to digestive cancer. This article reflects the spectrum of expertise that will be necessary to guarantee optimal service.
Cortisol levels are influenced by sedation in the acute phase after subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: LINDGREN C. , DAHLQVIST P. , LINDVALL P. , NILSSON L. , KOSKINEN L.‐O. , NAREDI S.
Published: November 2012

Background

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a life‐threatening condition that may be aggravated by acute pituitary damage and cortisol insufficiency. Robust diagnostic criteria for critical illness‐related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) are lacking.

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of CIRCI in the acute phase (0–240 h) after SAH and to evaluate associations between cortisol levels and clinical parameters (sedation, circulatory failure, gender, age, severity of disease, treatment). CIRCI was defined as a single morning serum cortisol (mSC) < 200 nmol/L. The lower limit for calculated free cortisol (cFC) was set at < 22 nmol/L, and for saliva cortisol at < 7.7 nmol/L.

Methods

Fifty patients were included. Serum/saliva cortisol and corticosteroid‐binding globulin were obtained every second morning. A logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis comparing cortisol levels with clinical parameters.

Results

Of the patients, 21/50 (42%) had an mSC < 200 nmol/L and 30/50 (60%) had a cFC < 22 nmol/L. In patients with continuous intravenous sedation, the odds ratio for a mSC to be < 200 nmol/L was 18 times higher (95% confidence interval 4.2–85.0, P < 0.001), and the odds ratio for a cFC to be < 22 nmol/L was 2.4 times higher (95% confidence interval 1.2–4.7, P < 0.05) compared with patients with no continuous intravenous sedation.

Conclusions

Continuous intravenous sedation was significantly associated with cortisol values under defined limits (mSC < 200, cFC < 22 nmol/L). The possibility that sedating drugs per se may influence cortisol levels should be taken into consideration before CIRCI is diagnosed.
Sex differences in decreased limbic and cortical grey matter volume in cocaine dependence: a voxel‐based morphometric study
Authors: Rando Kenneth , Tuit Keri , Hannestad Jonas , Guarnaccia Joseph , Sinha Rajita
Published: November 2012

Structural neuroimaging studies have provided evidence of differences in local brain volume between cocaine‐dependent and healthy control individuals. While sex differences in aetiology, course and brain dysfunction associated with chronic cocaine abuse have been previously documented, evidence of sex‐specific differences in brain volume has not been examined thus far. This study examined sex‐related differences in grey matter volume between cocaine‐dependent and healthy control subjects using voxel‐based morphometry. High‐resolution T1 structural scans were obtained from 36 inpatient, treatment‐engaged 3‐week abstinent cocaine‐dependent (CD) individuals. Fifty healthy control subjects were also scanned. Segmentation and registration were performed in SPM8, using New Segment and DARTEL, respectively. The whole‐brain statistical analysis was conducted in SPM8 using random field‐based cluster‐size testing and family‐wise error rate correction for multiple comparisons. CD patients were found to have less grey matter volume in anterior prefrontal cortex, including frontopolar and orbitofrontal cortices, and a posterior region surrounding the parietal‐occipital sulcus. Female CD patients had less grey matter volume than female controls in left inferior frontal gyrus, insula, superior temporal gyrus and hippocampus. Male CD patients had less grey matter in a superior cortical region that included the precentral gyrus and the mid‐cingulate. These sex differences in lower grey matter volume add to the evidence from functional neuroimaging for sex‐specific differences in the neurophysiological changes associated with chronic cocaine use.
Negative axillary ultrasonography with biopsy may predict non‐involvement of the non‐sentinel lymph nodes in operable breast cancer patients
Authors: Al Ayyan Muna , Bu Ali Omaima , Al Sharri Sheikha , Kassis Adnan , Hussain Sabir , Al‐Bashir Mohamed
Published: November 2012

Aim

To evaluate whether axillary ultrasound in combination with a biopsy (AUS +/− Bx) can predict the involvement of the non‐sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN).

Methods

A review of all operable breast cancer patients who underwent AUS +/− Bx at our tertiary care center from January 2010 to April 2011 was performed. All patients underwent AUS as part of their pre‐operative evaluation. If the AUS was suspicious, a fine‐needle aspiration or core‐needle biopsy was performed.

Results

Of 88 patients included in our final analysis, 20 (23%) had positive AUS + Bx and underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) at time of definitive surgery. In all, 68 of the 88 patients (77.3%) had negative AUS +/− Bx and underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) Bx at the time of definitive surgery. If the SLN Bx was negative, no further axillary surgery was performed and the NSLN were assumed to be negative. If the SLN Bx was positive, ALND was performed. Of the 68 patients, 62 (91%) had a negative NSLN. Patients with positive AUS + Bx carry a relative risk of 2.02 (P < 0.00002) of having positive NSLN.

Conclusion

In operable breast cancer patients, a negative AUS+/− Bx may be a predictor of non‐involvement of the NSLN.
The telltale face: Possible mechanisms behind defector and cooperator recognition revealed by emotional facial expression metrics
Authors: Kovács‐Bálint Zsófia , Bereczkei Tamás , Hernádi István
Published: November 2012

In this study, we investigated the role of facial cues in cooperator and defector recognition. First, a face image database was constructed from pairs of full face portraits of target subjects taken at the moment of decision‐making in a prisoner's dilemma game (PDG) and in a preceding neutral task. Image pairs with no deficiencies (n = 67) were standardized for orientation and luminance. Then, confidence in defector and cooperator recognition was tested with image rating in a different group of lay judges (n = 62). Results indicate that (1) defectors were better recognized (58% vs. 47%), (2) they looked different from cooperators (p < .01), (3) males but not females evaluated the images with a relative bias towards the cooperator category (p < .01), and (4) females were more confident in detecting defectors (p < .05). According to facial microexpression analysis, defection was strongly linked with depressed lower lips and less opened eyes. Significant correlation was found between the intensity of micromimics and the rating of images in the cooperator‐defector dimension. In summary, facial expressions can be considered as reliable indicators of momentary social dispositions in thePDG. Females may exhibit an evolutionary‐based overestimation bias to detecting social visual cues of the defector face.
Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemic mice: an insight into oestrogen receptor activation and PI3K/Akt signalling
Authors: Sun Bing , Xiao Jing , Sun Xiao‐Bo , Wu Ying
Published: November 2012

Background and Purpose

Notoginsenoside R1 (NG‐R1), a novel phytoestrogen isolated from Panax notoginseng, is believed to have anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative and anti‐apoptotic properties. However, its cardioprotective properties and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we have assessed the contribution of the anti‐inflammatory effects of NG‐R1 to the amelioration of septic cardiac dysfunction and inflammation in mice.

Experimental Approach

We assessed cardiac function in mice by echocardiography. We studied the protein or mRNA levels of some inflammatory factors, apoptotic factors and oestrogen receptors (ERs) in heart tissues upon stimulation with bacterial LPS, NG‐R1 or some pharmacological inhibitors.

Key Results

Six hours after LPS administration (10 mg·kg−1, i.p.) cardiac function was decreased, an effect attenuated by NG‐R1 pretreatment (25 mg·kg−1·d−1, i.p.). NG‐R1 also improved the imbalance between iNOS and eNOS, prevented activation of NF‐κB and the subsequent myocardial inflammatory and apoptotic responses in endotoxemic mice. The effects of NG‐R1 were closely associated with activation of the oestrogen receptor ERα and of PI3K/PKB (Akt) signalling, as characterized by NG‐R1‐induced preservation in ERα, phospho‐Akt, phospho‐GSK3β and I‐κBα, and of cardiac function that was partially blocked by selective inhibitors of ERα or PI3K. However, NG‐R1 had no effect on LPS‐activated TLR‐4.

Conclusions and Implications

NG‐R1 is a promising compound for protecting the heart from septic shock, possibly via the activation of ERα and PI3K/Akt signalling. This mechanism produces blockade of NF‐κB activation and attenuation of the pro‐inflammatory state and apoptotic stress in the myocardium.
Is socket healing conditioned by buccal plate thickness? A clinical and histologic study 4 months after mineralized human bone allografting
Authors: Spinato Sergio , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Zaffe Davide , Bernardello Fabio , Soardi Carlo M
Published: November 2012

Objective

The aim of this study was to clinically and histologically analyze the healing of grafted sockets by mineralized human bone allograft (MHBA) and nongrafted sockets, correlating the results with buccal plate thickness.

Material and methods

Thirty‐one sockets were randomly split into control (CG) and treatment (MHBA grafted) (TG) groups and, subsequently, into four subgroups according to buccal plate thickness: a ≤ 1 mm and b > 1 mm. Ridge thickness, depth, and height were monitored. Four months after, at implant placement, a bone core biopsy for histologic and morphometric analyses was taken.

Results

The differences of buccal height (TG‐a ‐0.27 and CG‐a ‐1.17 mm) and width (TG‐a 0.55 and CG‐a 2.67 mm, TG‐b 0.12 and CG‐b 1.17 mm) were statistically significant. The increase in bone amount CG‐b (28.17%) compared with CG‐a (16.98%) was statistically significant. Soft tissue amount of TG‐b (54.21%) and TG‐a (56.91%) was lower than that of CG‐b (71.83%) and CG‐a (83.01%), both being statistically significant (P = 0.002).

Conclusions

The results proved that thin buccal plates had a worse outcome on socket healing and that network formation by MBHA not only predisposes a successful implant insertion but also acts as size keeper.
Tracking the Time Course of Word‐Frequency Effects in Auditory Word Recognition With Event‐Related Potentials
Authors: Dufour Sophie , Brunellière Angèle , Frauenfelder Ulrich H.
Published: November 2012

Although the word‐frequency effect is one of the most established findings in spoken‐word recognition, the precise processing locus of this effect is still a topic of debate. In this study, we used event‐related potentials (ERPs) to track the time course of the word‐frequency effect. In addition, the neighborhood density effect, which is known to reflect mechanisms involved in word identification, was also examined. The ERP data showed a clear frequency effect as early as 350 ms from word onset on the P350, followed by a later effect at word offset on the late N400. A neighborhood density effect was also found at an early stage of spoken‐word processing on the PMN, and at word offset on the late N400. Overall, our ERP differences for word frequency suggest that frequency affects the core processes of word identification starting from the initial phase of lexical activation and including target word selection. They thus rule out any interpretation of the word frequency effect that is limited to a purely decisional locus after word identification has been completed.
Cancer as a moving target: understanding the composition and rebound growth kinetics of recurrent tumors
Authors: Foo Jasmine , Leder Kevin , Mumenthaler Shannon M.
Published: November 2012

We introduce a stochastic branching process model of diversity in recurrent tumors whose growth is driven by drug resistance. Here, an initially declining population can escape certain extinction via the production of mutants whose fitness is drawn at random from a mutational fitness landscape. Using a combination of analytical and computational techniques, we study the rebound growth kinetics and composition of the relapsed tumor. We find that the diversity of relapsed tumors is strongly affected by the shape of the mutational fitness distribution. Interestingly, the model exhibits a qualitative shift in behavior depending on the balance between mutation rate and initial population size. In high mutation settings, recurrence timing is a strong predictor of the diversity of the relapsed tumor, whereas in the low mutation rate regime, recurrence timing is a good predictor of tumor aggressiveness. Analysis reveals that in the high mutation regime, stochasticity in recurrence timing is driven by the random survival of small resistant populations rather than variability in production of resistance from the sensitive population, whereas the opposite is true in the low mutation rate setting. These conclusions contribute to an evolutionary understanding of the suitability of tumor size and time of recurrence as prognostic and predictive factors in cancer.
Hybrid watermilfoil lineages are more invasive and less sensitive to a commonly used herbicide than their exotic parent (Eurasian watermilfoil)
Authors: LaRue Elizabeth A. , Zuellig Matthew P. , Netherland Michael D. , Heilman Mark A. , Thum Ryan A.
Published: November 2012

Hybridization may stimulate the evolution of invasiveness in human‐impacted habitats if unique hybrid genotypes have higher fitness than parental genotypes. Human efforts to control invasive taxa frequently involve the intentional alteration of habitats, but few studies have considered whether hybridization can result in decreased sensitivity to control measures. Here, we investigate whether interspecific hybrids between introduced Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and native northern watermilfoil (M. sibiricum) are more invasive than parental Eurasian watermilfoil, especially in regard to their relative responses to an herbicide commonly applied for their control (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4‐D). In two separate laboratory experiments, hybrids on average grew faster and were less sensitive to 2,4‐D compared with parental Eurasian watermilfoil. These two invasive traits appear to be common in hybrid watermilfoils, as opposed to being restricted to a few unique lineages, because they were found in a diversity of hybrid genotypes from several independent hybridization events. In addition, we found that hybrids occurred more frequently than parental species in natural lakes previously treated with 2,4‐D. Our results provide compelling empirical evidence that hybridization is associated with the evolution of increased invasiveness in watermilfoils, and have important implications for their management.
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma with homologous lipoblastic differentiation: expanding the spectrum to include low‐grade tumours
Authors: Liau Jau‐Yu , Lee Jen‐Chieh , Wu Chen‐Tu , Kuo Kuan‐Ting , Huang Hsuan‐Ying , Liang Cher‐Wei
Published: November 2012

Aims

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is traditionally defined as a non‐lipogenic high‐grade sarcoma arising from a well‐differentiated liposarcoma that confers metastatic potential. Recently, DDLPSs with lipoblastic differentiation, i.e. morphologically lipogenic DDLPSs, were reported. Because of the lipoblastic differentiation, these tumours caused confusion, and were reported under different names. However, cytogenetic and molecular studies have revealed their DDLPS nature. So far, the cases reported have been high‐grade pleomorphic liposarcoma‐like tumours. In this study we have collected another series that contains low‐grade tumours, and expand the histological spectrum.

Methods and results

Eighteen cases of DDLPS with lipoblastic differentiation from various anatomical locations were analysed by routine histology, immunohistochemistry, and MDM2 fluorescence in‐situ hybridization. Two main histological patterns were seen: one featured a spindle cell sarcoma containing lipoblasts with variable nuclear pleomorphism, and the other a pleomorphic liposarcoma‐like tumour including the epithelioid variant. Two cases showed low nuclear grade and lipogenic activity in the metastatic foci. CDK4, MDM2 and p16INK4a overexpression was seen in all except one case. MDM2 amplification was found in all 16 cases tested.

Conclusions

We have expanded the spectrum of this variant of DDLPS to include low‐grade tumours, in which a careful search for increased mitotic activity is essential. Like conventional DDLPS, these tumours are capable of metastasis.
Multidrug resistance protein gene expression inTrichoplusia nicaterpillars
Authors: Simmons Jason , D'Souza Olivia , Rheault Mark , Donly Cam
Published: November 2012

Many insect species exhibit pesticide‐resistant phenotypes. One of the mechanisms capable of contributing to resistance is the overexpression of multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter proteins. Here we describe the cloning of three genes encodingMDRproteins fromTrichoplusia ni:trnMDR1,trnMDR2andtrnMDR3. Real‐time quantitativePCR(qPCR) detectedtrnMDRmRNAin the whole nervous system, midgut and Malpighian tubules of final instarT. nicaterpillars. To test whether these genes are upregulated in response to chemical challenge in this insect,qPCRwas used to comparetrnMDRmRNAlevels in unchallenged insects with those of insects fed the synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin. Only limited increases were detected in a single gene,trnMDR2, which is the most weakly expressed of the threeMDRgenes, suggesting that increased multidrug resistance of this type is not a significant part of the response to deltamethrin exposure.
New Zealand nurses' perceptions of the continuing competence framework
Authors: Vernon R. , Chiarella M. , Papps E. , Dignam D.
Published: November 2012

Background

The demonstration of competence and continuing competence for nurses is becoming increasingly important internationally, and many countries have developed continuing competence frameworks.

Aim

To explore nurses' perceptions and understanding of and satisfaction with the Nursing Council of New Zealand (NCNZ) Continuing Competence Framework (CCF) and the effectiveness of associated processes.

Method

A total of 1157 New Zealand (NZ) nurses responded to a web‐based survey designed to determine their satisfaction with the NCNZ CCF. The sample was representative of the NZ nursing population with a margin of error of 2.85 and 95% confidence level.

Findings

The majority of participants believe that the CCF provides a mechanism to ensure nurses are competent and fit to practice. While some participants indicated an element of poor understanding with regard to aspects of the CCF, overall it is perceived as a credible and reliable process to ensure public safety.

Conclusions

The international literature describes a variety of frameworks and competence indicators used by regulatory authorities to safeguard the public. In the 5 years since the NCNZ implemented the CCF less than 0.02% of notifications related to ‘competence’ have been recorded. The majority of NZ nurses believe that the CCF provides a mechanism to ensure nurses are competent and fit to practice. However, it is important to note that CCF processes may infer competence but they are not a guarantee that a nurse is safe to practice on any given day.
A study of Chitosan and c‐di‐GMP as mucosal adjuvants for intranasal influenza H5N1 vaccine
Authors: Svindland Signe C. , Pedersen Gabriel K. , Pathirana Rishi D. , Bredholt Geir , Nøstbakken Jane K. , Jul‐Larsen Åsne , Guzmán Carlos A. , Montomoli Emanuele , Lapini Giulia , Piccirella Simona , Jabbal‐Gill Inderjit , Hinchcliffe Michael , Cox Rebecca J.
Published: November 2012

Please cite this paper as: Svindland et al. (2012) A study of Chitosan and c‐di‐GMP as mucosal adjuvants for intranasal influenza H5N1 vaccine. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 10.1111/irv.12056000(000), 000–000.

Background  Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus remains a potential pandemic threat, and it is essential to continue vaccine development against this subtype. A local mucosal immune response in the upper respiratory tract may stop influenza transmission. It is therefore important to develop effective intranasal pandemic influenza vaccines that induce mucosal immunity at the site of viral entry.

Objectives  We evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses of two promising mucosal adjuvants (Chitosan and c‐di‐GMP) for intranasal influenza H5N1 vaccine in a murine model. Furthermore, we evaluated the concept of co‐adjuvanting an experimental adjuvant (c‐di‐GMP) with chitosan.

Methods  BALB/c mice were intranasally immunised with two doses of subunit NIBRG‐14 (H5N1) vaccine (7·5, 1·5 or 0·3 μg haemagglutinin (HA) adjuvanted with chitosan (CSN), c‐di‐GMP or both adjuvants.

Results  All adjuvant formulations improved the serum and local antibody responses, with the highest responses observed in the 7·5 μg HA CSN and c‐di‐GMP‐adjuvanted groups. The c‐di‐GMP provided dose sparing with protective single radial haemolysis (SRH), and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses found in the 0·3 μg HA group. CSN elicited a Th2 response, whereas c‐di‐GMP induced higher frequencies of virus‐specific CD4+ T cells producing one or more Th1 cytokines (IFN‐γ+, IL‐2+, TNF‐α+). A combination of the two adjuvants demonstrated effectiveness at 7·5 μg HA and triggered a more balanced Th cytokine profile.

Conclusion  These data show that combining adjuvants can modulate the Th response and in combination with ongoing studies of adjuvanted intranasal vaccines will dictate the way forward for optimal mucosal influenza vaccines.
Economic burden of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in Canada
Authors: Levy Adrian R. , Davie Alison M. , Brazier Nicole C. , Jivraj Farah , Albrecht Lorne E. , Gratton David , Lynde Charles W.
Published: November 2012

Background  Psoriasis is a chronic debilitating disease affecting approximately one million Canadians. The objective of this study is to estimate the economic burden in $CDN (2008) of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis among Canadian adults.

Methods  Using a cross‐sectional design, direct resource use, costs, lost productivity, and quality of life were obtained for 90 subjects diagnosed with psoriasis in three dermatology clinics in British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec. An Excel‐based economic model was developed to project the annual cost of psoriasis, from the societal perspective.

Results  The estimated mean annual cost of psoriasis was $7999/subject (95% CI: $3563–$12,434) with direct costs accounting for 57%. Mean lost productivity costs, which accounted for 43% of the mean annual costs of psoriasis, were $3442/subject (95% CI: $1293–$5590).

Conclusion  Projecting the mean costs per patient to the afflicted population yields an estimated total annual cost of $1.7 billion (95% CI: $0.8–$2.6 billion) attributable to moderate to severe psoriasis in Canada. Understanding the interplay between direct costs, lost productivity, and quality of life is critical for accurately identifying and evaluating effective treatments for this disease.
Neutrally Floating Objects of Density ½ in Three Dimensions
Authors: Várkonyi P. L.
Published: November 2012

This paper is concerned with the Floating Body Problem of S. Ulam: the existence of objects other than the sphere, which can float in liquid in any orientation. Despite recent results of F. Wegner pointing towards an affirmative answer, a full proof of their existence is still unavailable. For objects with cylindrical symmetry and density 1/2, the conditions of neutral floating are formulated as an initial value problem, for which a unique solution is predicted in certain cases by a suitable generalization of the Picard–Lindelöf theorem. Numerical integration of the initial value problem provides a rich variety of neutrally floating shapes.
Perceptions of Partisan Ideologies: The Effect of Coalition Participation
Authors: Fortunato David , Stevenson Randolph T.
Published: November 2012

Recent scholarship in comparative political behavior has begun to address how voters in coalitional systems manage the complexity of those environments. We contribute to this emerging literature by asking how voters update their perceptions of the policy positions of political parties that participate in coalition cabinets. In contrast to previous work on the sources of voter perceptions of party ideology in parliamentary systems, which has asked how voters respond to changes in party manifestos (i.e., promises), we argue that in updating their perceptions, voters will give more weight to observable actions than to promises. Further, coalition participation is an easily observed party action that voters use as a heuristic to infer the direction of policy change in the absence of detailed information about parties’ legislative records. Specifically, we propose that all voters should perceive parties in coalition cabinets as more ideologically similar, but that this tendency will be muted for more politically interested voters (who have greater access to countervailing messages from parties). Using an individual‐level data set constructed from 54 electoral surveys in 18 European countries, we find robust support for these propositions.
Quality of Sexual Life of Women on Oral Contraceptive Continued-Regimen: Pilot Study
Authors: Caruso Salvatore , Malandrino Chiara , Cicero Carla , Ciancio Fabio , Cariola Maria , Cianci Antonio
Published: November 2012

Introduction

To date, women may use flexible oral contraceptive (OC) regimens.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of sexual life of healthy women on continued-regimen OCs.

Methods

Fifty women (age range 18–38) were enrolled. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires were used to investigate, respectively, sexual behavior and the quality of life (QoL) of women on OC for 72 days with a 4-day hormone-free interval, for two cycles. Both the FSFI and the SF-36 were administered before starting OC intake, at the first (72–82 days) and the second (144–154 days) follow-ups.

Main Outcome Measure

The main outcomes are the FSFI and the SF-36 questionnaires.

Results

The FSFI score obtained at the first follow-up detected a worsening with respect to baseline score (P < 0.05). The score obtained at the second follow-up detected an improvement with respect to both the baseline and the first follow-up total scores (P < 0.05). QoL improved at the first follow-up only as regards body pain (P < 0.05), and at the second follow-up as regards: physical role, body pain, general health, vitality, and social function (P < 0.05).

Conclusionso

The use of continued-regimen OCs is able to improve the sexual behavior and the QoL of women.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Features of Gender Identity Disorder: An Italian Multicentric Evaluation
Authors: Fisher Alessandra D. , Bandini Elisa , Casale Helen , Ferruccio Naika , Meriggiola Maria C. , Gualerzi Anna , Manieri Chiara , Jannini Emmanuele , Mannucci Edoardo , Monami Matteo , Stomaci Niceta , Delle Rose Augusto , Susini Tommaso , Ricca Valdo , Maggi Mario
Published: November 2012

Introduction

Male to female (MtFs) and female to male (FtMs) subjects with gender identity disorder (GID) seem to differ with regard to some sociodemographic and clinical features. Currently, no descriptive studies focusing on MtFs and FtMs attending an Italian clinic are available.

Aim

To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of a GID population seeking assistance for gender transition and to assess possible differences in those features between MtFs and FtMs.

Methods

A consecutive series of 198 patients was evaluated for gender dysphoria from July 2008 to May 2011 in four dedicated centers. A total of 140 subjects (mean age 32.6 ± 9.0 years old) meeting the criteria for GID, with their informed consent and without genital reassignment surgery having already been performed, were considered (92 MtFs and 48 FtMs). Diagnosis was based on formal psychiatric classification criteria.

Main Outcome Measures

Medical history and sociodemographic characteristics were investigated. Subjects were asked to complete the Body Uneasiness Test (a self-rating scale exploring different areas of body-related psychopathology), Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (a self-rating scale to measure psychological state), and the Bem Sex Role Inventory (a self-rating scale to evaluate gender role). The presence of psychiatric comorbidities was evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interviews for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) (SCID I and SCID II).

Results

Several significant differences were found between MtFs and FtMs regarding lifestyle and sociodemographic factors and in psychometric test scores. No differences were found in terms of psychiatric comorbidity.

Conclusions

This is the first large study reporting the sociodemographic characteristics of a GID sample referring to Italian clinics, and it provides different profiles for MtFs and FtMs. In particular, FtMs display significantly better social functioning.
Association Between Physical Activity and Insomnia Symptoms in Rural Communities of Southeastern Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas
Authors: Chang Jen Jen , Pien Grace W. , Stamatakis Katherine A. , Brownson Ross C.
Published: November 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine whether physical activity is associated with less insomnia symptoms in the rural communities.

Methods

This study used cross‐sectional data collected from a 2005 telephone survey for evaluation of a community walking trails intervention to promote physical activity in rural communities including 6 communities in the Missouri Ozark region and 6 communities in Arkansas and Tennessee (n = 1,234). The exposure variable is self‐reported regular current physical activity. The outcome includes symptoms of insomnia operationalized as having trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, and waking up too early nearly every day. Logistic regression was used to calculate prevalence odds ratios (PORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Findings

The study sample includes mostly white (95%), married (62%), overweight/obese (61%) women with a high school degree and a mean age of 54. Fourteen percent of participants reported having insomnia symptoms. Self‐report of currently being physically active regularly was associated with decreased odds of insomnia symptoms (adjusted POR: .37; 95% CI, 0.14−0.99) among participants with under or normal body weight, after controlling for age, gender, education level, marital status, and chronic diseases. There was also a negative linear correlation between the number of days and total minutes of vigorous physical activity and insomnia symptoms.

Conclusions

In these rural communities, we observed a significant relationship between regular physical activity and decreased insomnia symptoms.
Kefir Immobilized on Corn Grains as Biocatalyst for Lactic Acid Fermentation and Sourdough Bread Making
Authors: Plessas Stavros , Alexopoulos Athanasios , Bekatorou Argyro , Bezirtzoglou Eugenia
Published: November 2012

Abstract:  The natural mixed culture kefir was immobilized on boiled corn grains to produce an efficient biocatalyst for lactic acid fermentation with direct applications in food production, such as sourdough bread making. The immobilized biocatalyst was initially evaluated for its efficiency for lactic acid production by fermentation of cheese whey at various temperatures. The immobilized cells increased the fermentation rate and enhanced lactic acid production compared to free kefir cells. Maximum lactic acid yield (68.8 g/100 g) and lactic acid productivity (12.6 g/L per day) were obtained during fermentation by immobilized cells at 37 °C. The immobilized biocatalyst was then assessed as culture for sourdough bread making. The produced sourdough breads had satisfactory specific loaf volumes and good sensory characteristics. Specifically, bread made by addition of 60% w/w sourdough containing kefir immobilized on corn was more resistant regarding mould spoilage (appearance during the 11th day), probably due to higher lactic acid produced (2.86 g/Kg of bread) compared to the control samples. The sourdough breads made with the immobilized biocatalyst had aroma profiles similar to that of the control samples as shown by headspace SPME GC‐MS analysis.
True Density and Apparent Density During the Drying Process for Vegetables and Fruits: A Review
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ramírez J. , Méndez‐Lagunas L. , López‐Ortiz A. , Torres S. Sandoval
Published: November 2012

Abstract:  This review presents the concepts involved in determining the density of foodstuffs, and summarizes the volumetric determination techniques used to calculate true density and apparent density in foodstuffs exposed to the drying process. The behavior of density with respect to moisture content (X) and drying temperature (T) is presented and explained with a basis in changes in structure, conformation, chemical composition, and second‐order phase changes that occur in the processes of mass and heat transport, as reported to date in the literature. A review of the empirical and theoretical equations that represent density is presented, and their application in foodstuffs is discussed. This review also addresses cases with nonideal density behavior, including variations in ρs and ρw as a function of the inside temperature of the material, depending on drying conditions (X, T). A compilation of studies regarding the density of dehydrated foodstuffs is also presented.
Sensory and Consumer Perception of the Addition of Grape Seed Extracts in Cookies
Authors: Davidov‐Pardo G. , Moreno M. , Arozarena I. , Marín‐Arroyo M.R. , Bleibaum R.N. , Bruhn C. M.
Published: November 2012

Abstract:  The aim of this study was to understand sensory and instrumental similarities and differences among an array of cookies made with bulk and microencapsulated grape seed extract (GSE) and then to determine how these differences impact consumer acceptance. Total of 4 types of cookies (control, enriched with bulk GSE, and enriched with 2 different microencapsulated GSE) were evaluated by instrumental analyses, a sensory trained panel using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA®) methodology, and a consumer acceptance test that included a usage and attitude survey. The addition of GSE resulted in darker brown cookies; microencapsulation partially masked the color that the GSE conferred to the cookies. The cookies with the microencapsulated GSE showed a significant higher antioxidant activity, microencapsulation may have reduced the GSE heat degradation. The QDA® trained panelists found the enriched cookies to be more astringent and with aromas and flavors similar to whole grains flours. Consumers rated the control cookie and 1 GSE encapsulated cookie at parity; they were equally well liked (P > 0.05). When provided with information, nearly 60% of consumers stated that they were willing to purchase cookies enriched with antioxidants. This high positive percentage may increase if consumers received more education on the health benefits of antioxidant consumption.

Practical Application:  Grape seed extracts (GSE) have beneficial effects on human health such as prevention of damages caused by free radicals, prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, but they also have a bitter and astringent flavor, as well as instability to heat. The flavor and instability represent a challenge to incorporate GSE as functional ingredients in food products. Microencapsulation could protect the GSE and mask their flavor, and represents a possible solution to these inconveniences. Cookies are candidates for the addition of GSE as functional ingredients, because they are a popular bakery item widely consumed by nearly all levels of society.