bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible-light-enabled stereoselective synthesis of functionalized cyclohexylamine derivatives via [4 + 2] cycloadditions
Authors: Lu Yi-Nan , Che Chao , Zhen Guangjin , Chang Xin , Dong Xiu-Qin , Wang Chun-Jiang
Published: March 2024

Photocatalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of benzocyclobutylamines with α-substituted vinylketones afforded benzocyclohexylamines in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. An asymmetric version of this was preliminarily investigated.
Visible-light TiO2-catalyzed synthesis of dihydrobenzofurans by oxidative [3 + 2] annulation of phenols with alkenyl phenols
Authors: Wu Jingze , Liu Yaning , Kozlowski Marisa C.
Published: March 2024

An oxidative strategy for the preparation of dihydrobenzofurans via heterogeneous photocatalysis is reported.
The interplay of chirality and restricted rotation: stabilisation of chiral, frustrated mesophases over a wide thermal range
Authors: Bhat Sachin A. , Yelamaggad Channabasaveshwara V.
Published: March 2024

Chiral dimers formed by linking cholesterol to phenyl 3-(4-(n-alkoxy)phenyl)propiolate via ω-oxyalkanoyloxy spacer exhibit odd–even effect, stabilizing SmA, N*, BPI/II, & TGBC* phases. TGBC* phase width increases with longer terminal tails.
Stable and permeable polyion complex vesicles designed as enzymatic nanoreactors
Authors: Wan Yuting , Qiu Yuening , Zhou Jin , Liu Jinbo , Stuart Martien A. Cohen , Peng Yangfeng , Wang Junyou
Published: March 2024

Stable and permeable polyion complex vesicles designed as enzymatic nanoreactors.
MXene/CdS photothermal–photocatalytic hydrogels for efficient solar water evaporation and synergistic degradation of VOC
Authors: Wang Zhen-Yu , Xu Lei , Liu Cai-Hua , Han Sheng-Jie , Fu Ming-Lai , Yuan Baoling
Published: March 2024

Synergistic effect of solar-driven evaporation and photocatalysis purification by Ti3C2 MXene/CdS hydrogels for sustainable clean water production.
Porous carbon nitride rods as an efficient photoanode for water splitting and benzylamine oxidation
Authors: Mondal Sanjit , Mark Gabriel , Tashakory Ayelet , Volokh Michael , Shalom Menny
Published: March 2024

A polymeric carbon nitride layer with controlled directionality, morphology, and nitrogen defects serves as a photoanode to allow photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting and benzylamine oxidation.
Synergism of heterovalent valence state and oxygen vacancy defect engineering in Co/S co-doped TiO2 for nitrogen photoreduction to ammonia
Authors: Chen Longyan , Zhang Pengkun , Kuo Dong-Hau , Jiang Jianmei , Wu Binghong , Su Zhengjie , Zelekew Osman Ahmed , Lin Jinguo , Lu Dongfang , Chen Xiaoyun
Published: March 2024

Herein, we demonstrate a Co/S co-doped TiO2 bimetal sulfur oxide catalyst with heterovalent Co states and abundant oxygen vacancy defects for the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction in an ambient environment.
Stabilizing the resonance structure of nonfused-ring electron acceptors via a closed-loop carbazole side chain for efficient and stable organic solar cells
Authors: Xing Ziyi , Wu Xiaoling , Chen Tianyi , Ye Shounuan , Wang Shanlu , Pan Youwen , Li Shuixing , Shi Minmin , Chen Hongzheng
Published: March 2024

We have unveiled that a closed-loop carbazole side chain is superior to an open-loop diphenylamine side chain in designing both efficient and stable nonfused-ring electron acceptors.
High-performance artificial synapses based on two-dimensional MoSe2 powder with Se vacancies
Authors: Chen Xinci , Deng Li , Luo Feifei , Wu Yanzhao , Tian Fubo , Zhang Xianmin
Published: March 2024

MoSe2 based memory devices simulate artificial synapses.
Enzymatic activity of cGAS in the presence of three types of DNAs: limited cGAS stimulation by single-stranded HIV-1 SL2 DNA
Authors: Mizuguchi Mineyuki , Kyan Niko , Nishimata Suzuka , Nabeshima Yuko , Obita Takayuki
Published: March 2024

Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is activated by binding to DNA. Activated cGAS produces 2′3′-cGAMP, which subsequently binds to the adaptor protein STING (stimulator of interferon genes). This interaction triggers the cGAS/STING signaling pathway, leading to the production of type I interferons. Three types of DNA, namely double-stranded DNA longer than 40 base pairs, a 70-nucleotide single-stranded HIV-1 DNA known as SL2, and Y-form DNA with unpaired guanosine trimers (G3 Y-form DNA), induce interferon production by activating cGAS/STING signaling. However, the extent of cGAS activation by each specific DNA type remains unclear. The comparison of cGAS stimulation by various DNAs is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying cGAS-mediated type I interferon production in the innate immune response. Here, we revealed that cGAS produces 2′3′-cGAMP at a significantly lower rate in the presence of single-stranded SL2 DNA than in the presence of double-stranded DNA or G3 Y-form DNA. Furthermore, the guanine-to-cytosine mutations and the deletion of unpaired guanosine trimers significantly reduced the 2′3′-cGAMP production rate and the binding of cGAS to Y-form DNA. These studies will provide new insights into the cGAS-mediated DNA-sensing in immune response.
Differential Fault Attacks on Privacy Protocols Friendly Symmetric‐Key Primitives: RAIN and HERA
Authors: Jiao Lin , Li Yongqiang , Hao Yonglin , Gong Xinxin
Published: March 2024

As the practical applications of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), secure multi‐party computation (MPC) and zero‐knowledge (ZK) proof continue to increase, so does the need to design and analyze new symmetric‐key primitives that can adapt to these privacy‐preserving protocols. These designs typically have low multiplicative complexity and depth with the parameter domain adapted to their application protocols, aiming to minimize the cost associated with the number of nonlinear operations or the multiplicative depth of their representation as circuits. In this paper, we propose two differential fault attacks against a one‐way function RAIN used for Rainier (CCS 2022), a signature scheme based on the MPC‐in‐the‐head approach and an FHE‐friendly cipher HERA used for the RtF framework (Eurocrypt 2022), respectively. We show that our attacks can recover the keys for both ciphers by only injecting a fault into the internal state and requiring only one normal and one faulty ciphertext blocks. Thus, we can use only the practical complexity of 226.6/228.8/230.4 bit operations to break the full‐round RAIN with 128/192/256‐bit keys. For full‐round HERA with 80/128‐bit key, our attack is practical with complexity the complexity of 220 encryptions with about 216 memory.
Study on detecting main ingredients of silicone rubber based on terahertz spectrum
Authors: Mei Hongwei , Li Lanxin , Yin Fanghui , Wang Liming , Farzaneh Masoud
Published: March 2024

The authors investigated the ingredient detection technique of silicone rubber based on the Terahertz spectrum. For this purpose, 18 diverse high‐temperature vulcanised silicone rubber (HTVSR) formulations were customised, 8 of which are used as calibration set while the rest 10 as prediction set. Based on the Beer‐Lambert Law, the partial‐least‐square (PLS) regression model and the least‐squares support‐vector machines (LS‐SVM) regression model were used to yield the relationships between the absorption spectrums and the content percentages of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), alumina trihydrate (ATH), and silica in HTVSR. The results showed that for the formulations tested, the prediction accuracy of all three main ingredients by the PLS regression model could be improved by changing the spectrum range from 0.2–4 to 0.5–2 THz. If the data were pre‐processed by the Savitzky–Golay smoothing method or multiplicative scatter correction method, the prediction accuracy of PDMS could be further enhanced. However, this would lead to a slight decrease in the prediction accuracy of ATH. For the LS‐SVM regression model, the radial basis function (RBF) kernel and the linear kernel were studied. It was found that the prediction accuracy of both kernels was better than that of the PLS regression model. With the LS‐SVM regression model using the RBF kernel, the correlated coefficients of PDMS and ATH in the prediction set could be up to 0.9915 and 0.9742, respectively.
FAUST
Authors: Sabatini G. , Podio L. , Codella C. , Watanabe Y. , De Simone M. , Bianchi E. , Ceccarelli C. , Chandler C. J. , Sakai N. , Svoboda B. , Testi L. , Aikawa Y. , Balucani N. , Bouvier M. , Caselli P. , Caux E. , Chahine L. , Charnley S. , Cuello N. , Dulieu F. , Evans L. , Fedele D. , Feng S. , Fontani F. , Hama T. , Hanawa T. , Herbst E. , Hirota T. , Isella A. , Jímenez-Serra I. , Johnstone D. , Lefloch B. , Le Gal R. , Loinard L. , Liu H. B. , López-Sepulcre A. , Maud L. T. , Maureira M. J. , Menard F. , Miotello A. , Moellenbrock G. , Nomura H. , Oba Y. , Ohashi S. , Okoda Y. , Oya Y. , Pineda J. , Rimola A. , Sakai T. , Segura-Cox D. , Shirley Y. , Vastel C. , Viti S. , Watanabe N. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Z. E. , Yamamoto S.
Published: March 2024

Context. The origin of the chemical diversity observed around low-mass protostars probably resides in the earliest history of these systems.

Aims. We aim to investigate the impact of protostellar feedback on the chemistry and grain growth in the circumstellar medium of multiple stellar systems.

Methods. In the context of the ALMA Large Program FAUST, we present high-resolution (50 au) observations of CH3OH, H2CO, and SiO and continuum emission at 1.3 mm and 3 mm towards the Corona Australis star cluster.

Results. Methanol emission reveals an arc-like structure at ∼1800 au from the protostellar system IRS7B along the direction perpendicular to the major axis of the disc. The arc is located at the edge of two elongated continuum structures that define a cone emerging from IRS7B. The region inside the cone is probed by H2CO, while the eastern wall of the arc shows bright emission in SiO, a typical shock tracer. Taking into account the association with a previously detected radio jet imaged with JVLA at 6 cm, the molecular arc reveals for the first time a bow shock driven by IRS7B and a two-sided dust cavity opened by the mass-loss process. For each cavity wall, we derive an average H2 column density of ∼7 × 1021 cm−2, a mass of ∼9 × 10−3 M⊙, and a lower limit on the dust spectral index of 1.4.

Conclusions. These observations provide the first evidence of a shock and a conical dust cavity opened by the jet driven by IRS7B, with important implications for the chemical enrichment and grain growth in the envelope of Solar System analogues.
Unraveling the floral preference: Bee pollen identification and characterization ofTetragonula laeviceps
Authors: Zidane Mulyawan Luthfan , Missy Rachmawarifa Corina , Sudaryadi Ignatius
Published: March 2024

The stingless bee (Tetragonula laeviceps) is capable of yielding products such as honey, propolis, and bee pollen, which hold promise as potential sources of nutrition or alternatives in the field of medicine. The physical and chemical attributes of these products are influenced by intrinsic factors, including dietary sources and bee species, as well as extraneous variables such as management techniques, seasonal variations, and environmental parameters. The Campus of the Biology Faculty UGM encompasses a rich repository of flowering plant species that present a viable resource for the sustenance of stingless bees. Consequently, this research endeavor seeks to delineate and characterize the plant species that serve as the sustenance of stingless bees by elucidating the pollen types discovered within their nest. Pollen specimens were directly procured from the nests and subjected to be analyzed with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At least four distinct varieties of pollen have been identified, originating from divergent plant species, namely those belonging to the Pinaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, and Brassicaceae families. The dietary preferences of stingless bees, as discerned through the identification of pollen types, exhibit congruence with the plant species in the vicinity of their nesting sites.
Quantitative Rapid and Finite Time Stabilization of the Heat Equation
Authors: Xiang Shengquan
Published: March 2024

The finite time stabilizability of the one dimensional heat equation is proved by Coron-Nguyên [J.-M. Coron and H.-M. Nguyen, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 225 (2017) 993–1023], while the same question for multidimensional spaces remained open. Inspired by Coron-Trélat [J.-M. Coron and E. Trélat, SIAM J. Control Optim. 43 (2004) 549–569] we introduce a new method to stabilize multidimensional heat equations quantitatively in finite time and call it Frequency Lyapunov method. This method naturally combines spectral inequality [G. Lebeau and L. Robbiano, Comm. Partial Diff. Equ. 20 (1995) 335–356] and constructive feedback stabilization. As application this approach also yields a constructive proof for null controllability, which gives sharing optimal cost CeC/T with explicit controls and works perfectly for related nonlinear models such as Navier–Stokes equations [S. Xiang, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré C Anal. Non Lineaire 40 (2023) 1487–1511.].
Biomaterials and Artificial Intelligence: Predictive Modeling and Design
Authors: Rajitha Akula , Kansal Lavish , Raj Gowtham , Kalra Ravi , Dhamija Koushal , Abdul-Zahra Dalael Saad
Published: March 2024

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) with synergistic integration is currently a paradigm-shifting strategy for the direction of biomaterials development and design. This paper analyzes the connection between AI and biomaterials, explaining the significant influence of predictive modelling on the path of the area. By carefully investigating state-of-the-art studies and unique applications, it illustrates how AI-driven predictive modelling redefined biomaterial design and entered a new era of unusual accuracy and productivity. This research covers a wide variety of AI technologies, from deep neural networks to machine learning, that facilitates the development of prediction models that use large datasets to anticipate the behaviour, characteristics, and interactions of biomaterials. It examines how artificial intelligence (AI) may speed up the method of screening for viable materials, improve their qualities, and forecast there in vivo reactions. This can help translate beachside discoveries into clinical applications more quickly. This paper further explains the future prospects and problems in the field of biomaterials and AI integration, underlining the significance of interdisciplinary working together, standardization of data, and ethical concerns.
Comparative Review on Machine Learning-Based Predictive Modeling for Mechanical Characterization
Authors: Himabindu Modi , Raj Vijilius Helena , Dutt Amit , Chandra Pradeep Kumar , Sethi Vandana Arora , Mohammad Q.
Published: March 2024

The development of machine learning (ML) methods in the field of material science has provided new possibilities for predictive modeling, especially in the field of mechanical material evaluation. The study provides an in-depth investigation of the utilization of various machine learning methods in predicting of mechanical characteristics throughout a range of different materials. A range of supervised learning models, such as regression tree models, support vector machine models, and neural networks, have been used to examine and forecast significant mechanical properties, including strength, ductility, and toughness. The models completed training as well as validation processes employing broad datasets obtained from experimental mechanical tests, covering tensile, compression, and fatigue examinations. Major focus was given to the process of choosing features and optimization in order to boost the accuracy and dependability of the predictions. This approach not only simplifies the method of material development but also improves understanding of the complex links among material composition, methods of processing, and mechanical properties. The research further examines the barriers and potential outcomes of applying machine learning (ML) in material characterization. It stresses the possibility for further improvements in predicted precision and efficiency of computing. Support vector machines, supervised artificial neural network, regression trees are most popular ML technique used in conducting predictive modelling.
Improvement of the Quality of Air and the Implementation of Sustainable Technologies in Green Technological Innovation
Authors: Ramesh B , Jain Alok , C Rakesh , Khan Irfan , Pahwa Shilpa , Abood Ahmed Salam
Published: March 2024

The attempt to advance sustainable practices to improve air quality is of greater significance now than ever in our ever-evolving surroundings. This research explores the vibrant field of green technological innovation and the significance it is to revive the environment. This paper explores novel approaches, inventive adjustments, and cutting-edge developments that are causing an improvement in the way that we connect with the surroundings and the air we breathe. There is an urgent need for measures that balance sustainable development with progress for humanity as fears over air pollution and its negative effects on public health and the environment increase. This abstract illustrates the potential of green technologies to transform societies and industries by exploring the environment of these innovations and their actual uses. With a review of this unique approach toward improved sustainability and quality of air to understand the innovative advances currently occurring in green technological innovation.
Revolutionizing Greywater Treatment: Sustainable Methods for Urban Environments
Authors: Rajitha Akula , V Revathi , Thethi H Pal , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Sharma Shekhar , Hussien Raghad Ahmed
Published: March 2024

The research paper investigates novel and environmentally friendly approaches to the treatment of greywater inside urban areas. Wastewater generally refers to the generally uncontaminated sewage coming from various domestic sources such as showers, sinks, washers and dryers, and kitchen appliances, serves as a remarkable and neglected asset. The objective of this investigation is to look into the possibility of greywater as an environmentally friendly water source, with a specific focus on urban areas. It aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of treatment in order to optimize wastewater reuse. The effectiveness, affordability, and environmental consequences of these technologies are evaluated. The study further emphasizes the significance of wastewater treatment in minimizing water scarcity, reducing the demand on sewage infrastructures as well as encouraging equitable urban growth. This study combines theoretical investigations and real-life cases in order to provide a comprehensive examination of current developments and future possibilities in the field of greywater treatment. The results indicate that the incorporation of modern techniques for treating greywater can make a substantial contribution to the implementation of sustainable water management in urban areas. This progress can lead to the development of environmentally friendly cities and a more robust water infrastructure.
The implementation of peat ecosystems in mitigating the disaster of Riau forest fires
Authors: Dharma Anton Budi , Marlinda Pebriana , Adianto Adianto , Simanjuntak Harapan Tua Ricky Freddy
Published: March 2024

Forest fires are a frequent problem in Riau Province. Therefore, it is necessary to have mitigation efforts to deal with this forest fire disaster. One of the steps that can be taken is to implement peat ecosystems. This research then aims to see how the implementation of peat ecosystems can mitigate forest fire disasters, especially in Riau Province. This research will be carried out using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data used in this study comes from various previous research results that are still relevant to this research. The results of this study then found that in implementing this peat ecosystem, there are still challenges that need to be faced, such as climate change and land use. To overcome this, various opportunities such as technological developments and stakeholder collaboration can be implemented. In mitigating forest fire disasters, conservation and restoration of peat ecosystems is an important step to strengthen ecosystem resilience.
Investigating the scatter origin in CHEX-MATE galaxy cluster X-ray surface brightness profiles
Authors: Bartalucci I. ,   the CHEX-MATE collaboration
Published: March 2024

We present the statistical properties and the investigation on the origin of the scatter within the spatially resolved emission measure profiles of the CHEX–MATE sample, formed by 118 galaxy clusters selected via the SZ effect. These objects cover a wide mass, MYSZ500 = [2-15]×1014M⊙, and redshift, z=[0.02, 0.6], range. They have been observed by XMM-Newton with a dedicated program that ensures an unprecedented homogeneous and high quality data. We leveraged this exceptional data set by studying the statistical properties of the surface brightness and emission measure radial profiles. We found that there is a critical scale, R~ 0.4RYSZ500, within which the most morphologically relaxed and disturbed object profiles diverge. Above that radius these differences tend to be within 20%.

We complemented the CHEX–MATE clusters with a twin sample drawn from the The Three Hundred suite of cosmological simulations. Leveraging this sample, we were able for the first time to investigate separately the scatter due to projection effects and the one due to cluster-to-cluster differences. We found that projection effects have a smaller impact on the scatter compared to object-to-object differences across all scales. Building on this, we found that below 0.4RYSZ500, the scatter is of the order of 110% reflecting the wide plethora of gas distribution in cluster cores. The scatter is at its minimum, 0.56, in the intermediate range, [0.4-0.8]RYSZ500, despite their morphological status suggesting that clusters are close to the self-similar scenario within this radial range.
The CO-CAVITY project: Molecular gas in void galaxies
Authors: Sánchez-Portal M. , Rodríguez M.I. , Lisenfeld U. , Bongiovanni A. , Duarte Puertas S. , Espada D. , Pérez I. , Domínguez-Gómez J. , Jimenez A. , Argudo-Fernández M. , Verley S. , Villalba-González P. ,   the CAVITY Collaboration
Published: March 2024

Galaxies in voids have experienced a different environment than those in denser environments during their entire existence. Their properties are possibly different from galaxies in denser media. The CO-CAVITY project aims at studying the molecular gas contents of void galaxies and compare with non-void ones. To this end, 106 galaxies drawn from the mother CAVITY Integral Field Unit (IFU) sample have been observed with the EMIR receiver at the IRAM 30m telescope in Pico Veleta targeting the CO(1–0) and CO(2–1) lines. The data gathered allows deriving the star formation efficiency, molecular-to-atomic gas mass ratio and molecular-to-stellar mass ratio. The preliminary results presented here suggest that in general, there are no significant differences (within the errors) in the molecular gas content of void and control samples, although some deviations are observed in certain ranges when splitting the samples in stellar mass bins.
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed in Children: Safety, Utility, and Yield of Colonoscopy: an Experience from a Large Tertiary Referral Endoscopy Center
Authors: Irtaza Mohd , Sundaram Sridhar , Gopan Amrit , Patra Biswa Ranjan , Rao Praveen Kumar , Kumar Sanjay , Kale Aditya P. , Shukla Akash
Published: March 2024

Objective: There is paucity of data on lower gastrointestinal bleed (LGIB) in the pediatric population. We aimed to retrospectively review the endoscopy findings in patients younger than 18 years, presenting with lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleed and undergoing colonoscopy.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of the endoscopy database at the department of gastroenterology at a tertiary care center from Western India was conducted between June 2017 until December 2021. Patients ≤18 years with LGIB, who underwent colonoscopy within 7 days of onset of bleed, were included in the study. Demographic details, endoscopic findings, and complications were noted.

Results: In all, 55 patients were included in study (65% males; median age: 13 years [range: 1–18 years]). The most common endoscopic findings were polyps in 26 (47.2%) patients, colitis in 15 (27.2%) patients, solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) in 6 (11.3%) patients, and hemorrhoids in 3 (5.4%) patients. Five (9%) patients had normal colonoscopy in whom the cause remained unidentified on further evaluation. However, no repeat episode was documented on a follow-up of 30 days. The most common location of a polyp was the rectum (64%). Two patients had multiple polyps (2 each). All the patients underwent a successful polypectomy. Pathology reported juvenile polyps in 25 biopsies. Four were diagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), while 11 had acute infective colitis. Patients with infectious colitis as compared to IBD had higher incidence of fever (55 vs. 0%) and lesser incidence of previous similar events (22 vs. 66%). Those with polyps were younger than those without polyps (9.1 vs. 14.3 years; p = 0.000). Polyps were significantly more common in boys (84%; 22/26; p = 0.014) than in girls. No complications occurred in this cohort of patients.

Conclusions: Polyps are the most common cause of LGIB in patients ≤18 years, followed by colitis. Polyps were more common in younger males.
Identification of Repurposed FDA Drugs by Targeting Sclerostin via the Wnt Pathway for Alveolar Bone Formation
Authors: Yadalam Pradeep K. , Anegundi Raghavendra V. , Ramadoss Ramya , Shrivastava Deepti , Alruwaili Awsaf Murdhi , Faheemuddin Muhammad , Srivastava Kumar Chandan
Published: March 2024

Objective Natural wingless-related integration site (Wnt) pathway antagonist sclerostin (SOST) has attracted much attention because unusual bone illnesses characterized by the increased bone mass result from its absence of action. The Wnt ligand is prevented from attaching to the Frizzled family receptor when SOST is present. In the active destruction complex, -catenin is phosphorylated. -Catenin molecules do not enter the nucleus and are broken down by a proteasome. As a result, Wnt-responsive genes are not activated, which lowers bone formation and raises bone resorption. A humanized monoclonal antibody called romosozumab binds to and inhibits SOST with significant cardiac side effects. As a result, the current study's objective is to find and screen Food and Drug Administration (FDA) medications that target SOST.

Materials and Methods SOST's structure was retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) (ID: 6l6r). Pharmacophore modeling and molecular operating environment-based virtual testing of FDA-approved medicines. Using the Desmond program, docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed.

Results Our findings revealed medications with FDA approval (ZINC000253387843) Amphotericin B. The stability and receptor–ligand interactions are pretty substantial, as demonstrated by the findings of docking and Molecular dynamics simulations, which have a docking score of −7.3 k/mol and root mean square deviation stability at 40 nanoseconds, respectively.

Conclusion The suggested pharmacological therapy shows promise since it uses the Wnt pathway to target the primary bone formation mechanism. However, additional prospective studies are required to apply the available data to clinical practice.
Risks and Benefits of Device-Assisted Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Kim Sofia , Kim Michael , Kodra Arber
Published: March 2024

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the familiarity with this disease, the best treatment remains undefined. Traditionally, treatment of PE has involved a choice of anticoagulation, thrombolysis, or surgery. However, the debate over pharmacologic versus mechanical treatment of acute PE reared up again with the advent of user-friendly mechanical and aspiration thrombectomy technologies. This is especially true for submassive PE, which is an area for potential growth both for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease process and management. Multiple devices are available for treatment of PE. Understanding the risks and benefits of each device is paramount in the complex management of PE.
Experimental realization of near-critical-density laser wakefield acceleration: Efficient pointing 100-keV-class electron beam generation by microcapillary targets
Authors: Mori Michiaki , Barraza-Valdez Ernesto , Kotaki Hideyuki , Hayashi Yukio , Kando Masaki , Kondo Kiminori , Kawachi Tetsuya , Strickland Donna , Tajima Toshiki
Published: March 2024

We experimentally demonstrated the generation of a pointing stable, low-divergence, low-energy electron beam driven by near-critical-density laser wakefield acceleration using a moderate low-intensity laser pulse. Electron beams with a half-beam divergence angle of ∼30 mrad were generated at laser intensities of 4 × 1016–1 × 1018 W/cm2 from a microcapillary hole. The pointing fluctuation of the electron beam was 1.8 mrad (root-mean-square) at the maximum laser intensity of 1 × 1018 W/cm2. The energies of the electron beam were up to 400 keV at 1 × 1018 W/cm2 and 50 keV even at 1 × 1016 W/cm2. We confirmed that the peak energy of the hump or cutoff energy of the electron beams was reproduced in particle-in-cell simulation. Such low divergence electron beam generation at sub-relativistic intensity (1016 to 1017 W/cm2 order) will lead to various applications of laser-driven keV-class electron beams, such as advanced radiotherapy.
Changes in photovoltaic power output variability due to climate change in China: A multi-model ensemble mean analysis
Authors: Zuo Hui-Min , Lu Hou-Liang , Sun Peng , Qiu Jun , Li Fang-Fang
Published: March 2024

Solar photovoltaic (PV) power plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change. However, climate change may amplify weather variability and extreme conditions. The extreme conditions can increase the very low PV output and thereby increase the need for grid stabilization services. This study examined how weather variability affects PV power output in the near- (2025–2054) and far-future (2071–2100). The ensemble mean calculated using seven global climate models participating in the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 for three different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) (SSP126, SSP245, SSP585) was used for the assessment. The standard deviation of the monthly PV power output and the share of very low monthly PV power output were used to assess the variability of PV power output. The findings indicate that the summer PV power output was projected to decrease by 6%–8% in central and northern Tibet under a high emissions scenario (SSP585). The summer months with low PV power output were projected to increase in western regions of China, known for its abundant solar resources. The findings of this study provide valuable insight for energy planners to make up for the influence of future weather variability.
Topological magnon–polaron transport in a bilayer van der Waals magnet
Authors: Lin Zhi-Xing , Zhang Shu
Published: March 2024

The stacking of intrinsically magnetic van der Waals materials provides a fertile platform to explore tunable transport effects of magnons, presenting significant prospects for spintronic applications. The possibility of having topologically nontrivial magnons in these systems can further expand the scope of exploration. In this work, we consider a bilayer system with intralayer ferromagnetic exchange and a weak interlayer antiferromagnetic exchange and study the topological magnon-polaron excitations induced by magnetoelastic couplings. Under an applied magnetic field, the system features a metamagnetic transition, where the magnetic ground state changes from antiparallel layers to parallel. We show that the metamagnetic transition is accompanied by a transition of the topological structure of the magnon polarons, which results in discernible changes in the topology induced transport effects. The magnetic-field dependence of the thermal Hall conductivity and spin Nernst coefficient is analyzed with linear response theories.
A multifidelity Bayesian optimization method for inertial confinement fusion design
Authors: Wang J. , Chiang N. , Gillette A. , Peterson J. L.
Published: March 2024

Due to their cost, experiments for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) heavily rely on numerical simulations to guide design. As simulation technology progresses, so too can the fidelity of models used to plan for new experiments. However, these high-fidelity models are by themselves insufficient for optimal experimental design, because their computational cost remains too high to efficiently and effectively explore the numerous parameters required to describe a typical experiment. Therefore, traditionally, ICF design has relied on low-fidelity modeling to initially identify potentially interesting design regions, which are then subsequently explored via selected high-fidelity modeling. In this paper, we demonstrate that this two-step approach can be insufficient: even for simple design problems, a two-step optimization strategy can lead high-fidelity searching toward incorrect regions and consequently waste computational resources on parameter regimes far away from the true optimal solution. We reveal that a primary cause of this behavior in ICF design problems is the presence of low-fidelity optima in different regions of the parameter space far away from high-fidelity optima. To address this issue, we propose an iterative multifidelity Bayesian optimization method based on Gaussian Process Regression that leverages both low- and high-fidelity models simultaneously. We demonstrate, using both two- and eight-dimensional ICF test problems, that our algorithm can effectively utilize both low-fidelity and high-fidelity models to refine the designs. This approach proves to be more efficient than relying solely on high-fidelity modeling for optimization.
Improved breakdown performance in recessed-gate normally off GaN MIS-HEMTs by regrown fishbone trench
Authors: He JiaQi , Wang PeiRan , Du FangZhou , Wen KangYao , Jiang Yang , Tang ChuYing , Deng ChenKai , Li MuJun , Hu QiaoYu , Tao Nick , Xiang Peng , Cheng Kai , Wang Qing , Li Gang , Yu HongYu
Published: March 2024

This work develops a regrown fishbone trench (RFT) structure in selective area growth (SAG) technique to fabricate recessed-gate normally off GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs). The RFT structure effectively modulates the electric field at high drain and gate biases, thus allowing the device to feature improved off-state and gate breakdown performance with a high positive Vth of 2 V. The simulated carrier concentration and electric field distributions reveal the mechanism of electric field weakening by RFT architecture. Meanwhile, the current collapse phenomenon is significantly suppressed, and the gate voltage swing is also enlarged. The maximum gate drive voltage of 9.2 V for 10-year reliability of RFT GaN MIS-HEMT, together with the improved linearity and block voltage, broadens the applications of SAG devices. Furthermore, the RFT structure also provides an etching-free method for fabricating normally off GaN MIS-HEMTs with multi-dimensional gates.
Wave resonance mitigation using a rigid submerged breakwater in a varying-width channel
Authors: Magdalena I. , Valerio R. M.
Published: March 2024

This paper digs deeper into the phenomenon of wave oscillation that is caused by external forces, such as air pressure and seismic vibrations. This would eventually lead to potentially dire consequences, particularly in coastal areas. In order to solve this issue, this study focuses on adding a rigid breakwater at the bottom of the basin to minimize the aforementioned damages. We will be looking at a semi-closed basin with triangular width and either constant or triangular depth, to which is added one block of the submerged breakwater with smooth and rough surfaces. We will employ the modified shallow water equations to obtain the analytical natural period for each basin type. After that, numerical simulations are carried out to check the presence of resonance phenomena in each basin. Additionally, the study investigates the crucial role of the friction coefficient in preventing resonance in basins with rough-surfaced submerged breakwaters. The aim is to explore whether a single block of smooth-surfaced submerged breakwater is sufficient to eliminate resonance or whether other conditions are necessary to halt the resonance phenomenon in each basin. Ultimately, the findings of this study hold potential benefits for individuals involved in the planning and construction of harbors and protective structures. By gaining a deeper understanding of wave oscillation and resonance in semi-closed basins, the research aims to contribute valuable insights for creating more effective and resilient coastal protection measures.
Superconductivity and charge density wave in Cu0.06TiSe2: A low-temperature STM/STS investigation
Authors: Yuan Xiaoqiu , Zhang Zongyuan , Yu Chengfeng , Wu Yanwei , Yuan Jian , Shao Shuai , Hou Jie , Tu Yubing , Hou Xingyuan , Xu Gang , Guo Yanfeng , Shan Lei
Published: March 2024

As one of the earliest discovered two-dimensional materials possessing charge density wave (CDW), TiSe2 has attracted wide attention due to its superconductivity induced by Cu intercalation. Until now, the relationship between superconductivity and CDW remains unclear, largely due to insufficient research at extremely low temperatures and magnetic fields. In this study, spatially resolved electronic density of states (DOS) of Cu0.06TiSe2 is investigated using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy measurements. It is found that short-ranged commensurate CDW coexists with a homogeneous superconductivity exhibiting an anisotropic s-wave gap with an amplitude of 0.5 meV. Compared to the parent compound TiSe2, the spectra of Cu0.06TiSe2 exhibit a clear electron doping effect, as evidenced by a 70 meV shift of Fermi energy. Interestingly, the DOS is found to be strongly modified near the Fermi energy, despite its overall rigid band nature. These findings suggest that it is the remnant electron–hole coupling that sustains the short-ranged CDW, while the doping enhanced DOS facilitates superconductivity. This reveals a momentum space competition between the two microscopically coexistent orders.
Numerical simulation of sound attenuation in an acoustically lined duct in high-temperature air flows
Authors: Jiang Hongwei , Zhao Xin
Published: March 2024

Noise reduction structures are important for the vibration and noise reduction design of aerospace engines. The design of noise-reducing structures often needs to be quickly evaluated via numerical simulations. Hence, the simulation results of the corresponding system are very important for guiding the design of noise-reducing structures. High temperature is one of the key environmental factors that need to be considered when evaluating the sound attenuation process via numerical methods. In this study, numerical simulations of acoustic wave propagation on an acoustic liner structure considering air temperature variations are carried out by using compressible Navier–Stokes equations and the ideal gas equation of state. The results showed that the effect of temperature on sound attenuation under grazing flow conditions is complex. Moreover, an increase in temperature will reduce the transmission loss of the acoustic liner in the grazing flow at high air speed.
Wetting boundary condition for three-dimensional curved geometries in lattice Boltzmann color-gradient model
Authors: Wang Ningning , Kuang Tie , Liu Yong , Yin Zhilin , Liu Haihu
Published: March 2024

A wetting boundary condition for handling contact line dynamics on three-dimensional curved geometries is developed in the lattice Boltzmann color-gradient framework. By combining the geometrical formation and the prediction-correction wetting scheme, the present wetting boundary condition is able to avoid the necessity to select an appropriate interface normal vector from its multiple solutions in the previous prediction-correction method. The effectiveness and accuracy of the wetting boundary condition are first validated by several benchmark cases, namely a droplet resting on a flat surface and on a solid sphere, and the spontaneous imbibition into a cylindrical tube. We then use the color-gradient model equipped with the developed wetting boundary condition to study the trapping behavior of a confined droplet in a microchannel with a cylindrical hole on the top surface, in which the effects of the hole radius and the droplet radius are identified for varying capillary numbers. Results show that the simulated critical capillary numbers, below which the droplet would be anchored by the hole, and the steady-state shapes of the anchored droplet generally match well with their theoretical solutions. The critical capillary number is found to decrease by either decreasing the hole radius or increasing the droplet radius, which is attributed to the weakened anchoring surface energy gradient and the enhanced driving force from outer flow, respectively. In addition, we show that the previous theoretical solutions are valid only when the initial droplet radius is greater than twice the height of the channel.
Costs of being a diet generalist for the protist predator
Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Shreenidhi P. M. , Brock Debra A. , McCabe Rachel I. , Strassmann Joan E. , Queller David C.
Published: March 2024

Consumers range from specialists that feed on few resources to generalists that feed on many. Generalism has the clear advantage of having more resources to exploit, but the costs that limit generalism are less clear. We explore two understudied costs of generalism in a generalist amoeba predator,
Dictyostelium discoideum
, feeding on naturally co-occurring bacterial prey. Both involve costs of combining prey that are suitable on their own. First, amoebas exhibit a reduction in growth rate when they switched to one species of prey bacteria from another compared to controls that experience only the second prey. The effect was consistent across all six tested species of bacteria. These switching costs typically disappear within a day, indicating adjustment to new prey bacteria. This suggests that these costs are physiological. Second, amoebas usually grow more slowly on mixtures of prey bacteria compared to the expectation based on their growth on single prey. There were clear mixing costs in three of the six tested prey mixtures, and none showed significant mixing benefits. These results support the idea that, although amoebas can consume a variety of prey, they must use partially different methods and thus must pay costs to handle multiple prey, either sequentially or simultaneously.
Substrate recruitment via eIF2γ enhances catalytic efficiency of a holophosphatase that terminates the integrated stress response
Authors: Yan Yahui , Shetty Maithili , Harding Heather P. , George Ginto , Zyryanova Alisa , Labbé Katherine , Mafi Amirhossein , Hao Qi , Sidrauski Carmela , Ron David
Published: March 2024

Dephosphorylation of pSer51 of the α subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α
P
) terminates signaling in the integrated stress response (ISR). A trimeric mammalian holophosphatase comprised of a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) catalytic subunit, the conserved C-terminally located ~70 amino acid core of a substrate-specific regulatory subunit (PPP1R15A/GADD34 or PPP1R15B/CReP) and G-actin (an essential cofactor) efficiently dephosphorylate eIF2α
P
in vitro. Unlike their viral or invertebrate counterparts, with whom they share the conserved 70 residue core, the mammalian PPP1R15s are large proteins of more than 600 residues. Genetic and cellular observations point to a functional role for regions outside the conserved core of mammalian PPP1R15A in dephosphorylating its natural substrate, the eIF2 trimer. We have combined deep learning technology, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, X-ray crystallography, and biochemistry to uncover binding of the γ subunit of eIF2 to a short helical peptide repeated four times in the functionally important N terminus of human PPP1R15A that extends past its conserved core. Binding entails insertion of Phe and Trp residues that project from one face of an α-helix formed by the conserved repeats of PPP1R15A into a hydrophobic groove exposed on the surface of eIF2γ in the eIF2 trimer. Replacing these conserved Phe and Trp residues with Ala compromises PPP1R15A function in cells and in vitro. These findings suggest mechanisms by which contacts between a distant subunit of eIF2 and elements of PPP1R15A distant to the holophosphatase active site contribute to dephosphorylation of eIF2α
P
by the core PPP1R15 holophosphatase and to efficient termination of the ISR in mammals.
Balancing the Quantum Speed Limit and Instantaneous Energy Cost in Adiabatic Quantum Evolution
Authors: Xu 徐 Jianwen 建文 , Zhang 张 Yujia 宇佳 , Zheng 郑 Wen 文 , Cai 蔡 Haoyang 浩阳 , Zhou 周 Haoyu 浩宇 , Li 李 Xianke 先科 , Liao 廖 Xudong 绪东 , Zhang 张 Yu 钰 , Li 李 Shaoxiong 邵雄 , Lan 兰 Dong 栋 , Tan 谭 Xinsheng 新生 , Yu 于 Yang 扬
Published: March 2024

Adiabatic time-optimal quantum controls are extensively used in quantum technologies to break the constraints imposed by short coherence times. However, practically it is crucial to consider the trade-off between the quantum evolution speed and instantaneous energy cost of process because of the constraints in the available control Hamiltonian. Here, we experimentally show that using a transmon qubit that, even in the presence of vanishing energy gaps, it is possible to reach a highly time-optimal adiabatic quantum driving at low energy cost in the whole evolution process. This validates the recently derived general solution of the quantum Zermelo navigation problem, paving the way for energy-efficient quantum control which is usually overlooked in conventional speed-up schemes, including the well-known counter-diabatic driving. By designing the control Hamiltonian based on the quantum speed limit bound quantified by the changing rate of phase in the interaction picture, we reveal the relationship between the quantum speed limit and instantaneous energy cost. Consequently, we demonstrate fast and high-fidelity quantum adiabatic processes by employing energy-efficient driving strengths, indicating a promising strategy for expanding the applications of time-optimal quantum controls in superconducting quantum circuits.
Physical meaning of conditionally convergent series: the calculation of the Madelung constant
Authors: Etxebarria J
Published: March 2024

Conditionally convergent series are infinite series whose result depends on the order of the sum. One of the most famous examples of conditionally convergent series of interest in Physics is the calculation of Madelung’s constant α in ionic crystals. The appearance of this type of series is quite disturbing to students and often causes misunderstandings. In this work we analyze the physical meaning of the conditional convergence from a pedagogical point of view. The problem is posed using a toy model of ionic crystal in which the lattice sums can be calculated explicitly for various forms of expansion of the crystal about a central core. It is seen directly how the Coulomb series does not converge to α when there are charge accumulations on the surfaces. Therefore, it becomes clear what the appropriate strategy should be when choosing the order of summation to arrive at the correct value of α.