bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AKTUELNI POSTUPAK PROMJENE USTAVA REPUBLIKE SRBIJE U OBLASTI PRAVOSUĐA
Authors: BATAVELJIĆ Dragan
Published: May 2023

Imajući u vidu da već odavno, takoreći, od samog donošenja Us- tava Republike Srbije iz 2006. godine, postoje zahtjevi za njegovom djelimičnom ili potpunom revizijom, autor je u okviru ovog rada obavio jedno veoma značajno istraživanje, koje se odnosi na treću, značajnu, granu načela podjele vlasti – sudsku vlast. Naime, u svom istraživanju, on je ukazao na odnos zakonodavne i izvršne vlasti (kao političkih vlasti) prema sudskoj vlasti (kao stručnoj vlasti). Od ovog odnosa i poštovanja Ustavom i odgovarajućim zakonima predviđenih propisa, za- visi sprovođenje vladavine prava. Republika Srbija se prije više od dvije decenije opredijelila za put evro-integracija, pri čemu je između nje i EU zaključeno više međunarodnih ugovora. To je jedan veoma složen i dug proces, u kome su obje strane potvrdile značaj usklađivanja važećeg srpskog zakonodavstva sa zakono- davstvom EU, pri čemu se Republika Srbija obavezala da će nastojati da obezbijedi postepenu harmonizaciju svojih zakona sa zakonodavstvom i pravnim tekovina- ma EU. Takođe, članom 72 stavom 3 Sporazuma o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju, koji je stupio na snagu 1. septembra 2013. godine (potpisan 29. aprila 2008. godine u Luksemburgu), predviđena je važnost usklađivanja osnovnih elemenata pravnih tekovina o pravosuđu.
Condition, Development, Potential and Application of Electronic Treatment
Authors: Kirilov Kartunov Stefan , Vesković Milan
Published: May 2023

The report provides a historical overview of the topic, examines the physical basis of electron beam production, thermal emission and treatment area, types of electron beam treatments and the state of technology, types, development and potential of equipment and its application in practice. The advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and the main conclusion is made that the wavelength of the beam determines and is commensurate with the resolution and size of the processed components.
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma organoids as models of chromosomal instability
Authors: Vias Maria , Morrill Gavarró Lena , Sauer Carolin M , Sanders Deborah A , Piskorz Anna M , Couturier Dominique-Laurent , Ballereau Stéphane , Hernando Bárbara , Schneider Michael P , Hall James , Correia-Martins Filipe , Markowetz Florian , Macintyre Geoff , Brenton James D
Published: May 2023

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most genomically complex cancer, characterized by ubiquitous TP53 mutation, profound chromosomal instability, and heterogeneity. The mutational processes driving chromosomal instability in HGSOC can be distinguished by specific copy number signatures. To develop clinically relevant models of these mutational processes we derived 15 continuous HGSOC patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and characterized them using bulk transcriptomic, bulk genomic, single-cell genomic, and drug sensitivity assays. We show that HGSOC PDOs comprise communities of different clonal populations and represent models of different causes of chromosomal instability including homologous recombination deficiency, chromothripsis, tandem-duplicator phenotype, and whole genome duplication. We also show that these PDOs can be used as exploratory tools to study transcriptional effects of copy number alterations as well as compound-sensitivity tests. In summary, HGSOC PDO cultures provide validated genomic models for studies of specific mutational processes and precision therapeutics.
Using light and X-ray scattering to untangle complex neuronal orientations and validate diffusion MRI
Authors: Menzel Miriam , Gräßel David , Rajkovic Ivan , Zeineh Michael M , Georgiadis Marios
Published: May 2023

Disentangling human brain connectivity requires an accurate description of nerve fiber trajectories, unveiled via detailed mapping of axonal orientations. However, this is challenging because axons can cross one another on a micrometer scale. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) can be used to infer axonal connectivity because it is sensitive to axonal alignment, but it has limited spatial resolution and specificity. Scattered light imaging (SLI) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) reveal axonal orientations with microscopic resolution and high specificity, respectively. Here, we apply both scattering techniques on the same samples and cross-validate them, laying the groundwork for ground-truth axonal orientation imaging and validating dMRI. We evaluate brain regions that include unidirectional and crossing fibers in human and vervet monkey brain sections. SLI and SAXS quantitatively agree regarding in-plane fiber orientations including crossings, while dMRI agrees in the majority of voxels with small discrepancies. We further use SAXS and dMRI to confirm theoretical predictions regarding SLI determination of through-plane fiber orientations. Scattered light and X-ray imaging can provide quantitative micrometer 3D fiber orientations with high resolution and specificity, facilitating detailed investigations of complex fiber architecture in the animal and human brain.
Two forms of asynchronous release with distinctive spatiotemporal dynamics in central synapses
Authors: Malagon Gerardo , Myeong Jongyun , Klyachko Vitaly A
Published: May 2023

Asynchronous release is a ubiquitous form of neurotransmitter release that persists for tens to hundreds of milliseconds after an action potential. How asynchronous release is organized and regulated at the synaptic active zone (AZ) remains debatable. Using nanoscale-precision imaging of individual release events in rat hippocampal synapses, we observed two spatially distinct subpopulations of asynchronous events, ~75% of which occurred inside the AZ and with a bias towards the AZ center, while ~25% occurred outside of the functionally defined AZ, that is, ectopically. The two asynchronous event subpopulations also differed from each other in temporal properties, with ectopic events occurring at significantly longer time intervals from synchronous events than the asynchronous events inside the AZ. Both forms of asynchronous release did not, to a large extent, utilize the same release sites as synchronous events. The two asynchronous event subpopulations also differ from synchronous events in some aspects of exo-endocytosis coupling, particularly in the contribution from the fast calcium-dependent endocytosis. These results identify two subpopulations of asynchronous release events with distinctive organization and spatiotemporal dynamics.
Hippo signaling impairs alveolar epithelial regeneration in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Warren Rachel , Lyu Handeng , Klinkhammer Kylie , De Langhe Stijn P
Published: May 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) consists of fibrotic alveolar remodeling and progressive loss of pulmonary function. Genetic and experimental evidence indicates that chronic alveolar injury and failure to properly repair the respiratory epithelium are intrinsic to IPF pathogenesis. Loss of alveolar type 2 (AT2) stem cells or mutations that either impair their self-renewal and/or impair their differentiation into AT1 cells can serve as a trigger of pulmonary fibrosis. Recent reports indicate increased YAP activity in respiratory epithelial cells in IPF lungs. Individual IPF epithelial cells with aberrant YAP activation in bronchiolized regions frequently co-express AT1, AT2, conducting airway selective markers and even mesenchymal or EMT markers, demonstrating ‘indeterminate’ states of differentiation and suggesting that aberrant YAP signaling might promote pulmonary fibrosis. Yet, Yap and Taz have recently also been shown to be important for AT1 cell maintenance and alveolar epithelial regeneration after Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced injury. To investigate how epithelial Yap/Taz might promote pulmonary fibrosis or drive alveolar epithelial regeneration, we inactivated the Hippo pathway in AT2 stem cells resulting in increased nuclear Yap/Taz, and found that this promotes their alveolar regenerative capacity and reduces pulmonary fibrosis following bleomycin injury by pushing them along the AT1 cell lineage. Vice versa, inactivation of both Yap1 and Wwtr1 (encoding Taz) or Wwtr1 alone in AT2 cell stem cells impaired alveolar epithelial regeneration and resulted in increased pulmonary fibrosis upon bleomycin injury. Interestingly, the inactivation of only Yap1 in AT2 stem cells promoted alveolar epithelial regeneration and reduced pulmonary fibrosis. Together, these data suggest that epithelial Yap promotes, and epithelial Taz reduces pulmonary fibrosis suggesting that targeting Yap but not Taz-mediated transcription might help promote AT1 cell regeneration and treat pulmonary fibrosis.
Multiple antagonist calcium-dependent mechanisms control CaM kinase-1 subcellular localization in a C. elegans thermal nociceptor
Authors: Ippolito Domenica , Glauser Dominique A
Published: May 2023

Nociceptive habituation is a conserved process through which pain sensitivity threshold is adjusted based on past sensory experience and which may be dysregulated in human chronic pain conditions. Noxious heat habituation in Caenorhabditis elegans involves the nuclear translocation of CaM kinase-1 (CMK-1) in the FLP thermo-nociceptors neurons, causing reduced animal heat sensitivity and avoidance responses. The phosphorylation of CMK-1 on T179 by CaM kinase kinase-1 (CKK-1) is required for nuclear entry. Recently, we identified a specific nuclear export sequence (NES) required to maintain CMK-1 in the cytoplasm at rest (20°C) and showed that Ca2+/CaM binding is sufficient to enhance CMK-1 affinity for IMA-3 via a specific nuclear localization signal (NLS) in order to promote nuclear entry after persistent heat stimulation (90 min at 28°C) (Ippolito et al., 2021). Here, we identified additional functional NES and NLS on CMK-1, whose activity can counteract previously identified elements. Furthermore, we clarify the relationship between the CaM-binding-dependent and T179-dependent effects. T179 phosphorylation can promote nuclear entry both downstream of CaM binding and as part of an independent/parallel pathway. Moreover, T179 phosphorylation can also produce the opposite effect by promoting nuclear export. Taken together, our studies suggest that multiple calcium-dependent regulatory mechanisms converge to bias the activity pattern across a network of NES/NLS elements, in order to control CMK-1 nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, and actuate stimulation-dependent nociceptive plasticity.
O marketing na era digital: análise de dados no foco
Authors: Fernandes Maíra Silva Conde , Feitosa Wilian Ramalho
Published: May 2023

O principal objetivo do marketing é transformar uma necessidade em um negócio lucrativo e para que isso seja possível é necessário que o foco seja na satisfação do cliente. Hoje, com o apoio dos meios digitais, entender as necessidades do consumidor tornou- se um trabalho menos árduo. Tudo o que fazemos nos meios digitais geram dados e, a partir destes, o profissional do marketing é capaz de entender seu consumidor e oferecer a solução para suprir sua necessidade. Porém é importante ressaltar que o levantamento dos dados é apenas o primeiro passo, é importante que estes sejam corretamente interpretados Este artigo disserta acerca dos desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais do marketing ao  transformar os dados em insights que resultem na saciedade da necessidade do consumidor.
The Effect of Tax Aggressiveness, Solvency, Profitability, Audit Opinion, and Financial Distress on Audit Delays in Manufacturing Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchanged in 2018-2021
Authors: Simanjuntak Ratna Sari , Sinaga Gratia Naomi , Anggraini Widia , Gurning Amelia Kesi , Simorangkir Enda Noviyanti
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of Tax Aggressiveness, Solvency, Profitability, Audit Opinion, and Financial Distress on Audit Delay in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018-2021. All the information required for this research was obtained officially from IDX sources which include the company's annual financial report. In this study we used a quantitative method and the sample in this research was obtained using purposive sampling so that of the 38 companies in the population the remaining 18 companies had a total use of their financial statements for 4 years, so the total sample in this research was 72 companies. Several tests in this research were carried out, such as multicholinearity test, heterochedasticity test, normality test, autocorrelation test, panel data regression test, coefficient (R2), hypothesis (F test), as well as hypothesis (T test). The Adjusted R Square value has an effect of 01.3% on Audit Delay and with the remainder at 98.7% due to the influence of other variables. This study concluded that the variables of tax aggressiveness, solvency, profitability, audit opinion and financial distress have an influence on audit delay.
Mechanical, Optical, and Microbiological Characteristics of Biocomposite Edible Film Based on Canna Starch and Nanochitosane with the Addition of Fish Oil: A Review
Authors: Rahmatunnisa Shafira Nur , Rochima Emma , Sunarto  , Pratama Rusky Intan
Published: May 2023

Edible film is a packaging development for environmentally friendly food that is composed of organic ingredients, so it is safe for consumption. Natural polymers that make up edible films include polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins to replace synthetic packaging materials. The characteristics of good edible film have properties like other plastic packaging, namely being easy to shape, transparent, flexible, not easily damaged, and cheap. Canna starch has the potential to be used as a building material because it contains high levels of amylose and amylopectin, and nanochitosan has good antimicrobial activity. The addition of fish oil to edible films is a solution to correct the deficiencies of edible film biocomposites, which can increase their hydrophobic properties and tensile strength.
Optimization of Growth Parameters for Enhancing the Production of Biosurfactants from Pediococcus pentosaceus S-2
Authors: Kaundal Tamanna , Sharma Anjali , Batra Navneet
Published: May 2023

Numerous Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been found to be capable of synthesizing surface-active compounds i.e biosurfactants. These are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms on their cell surface or secreted extracellularly that have a tendency to reduce surface and interfacial tension. In the present study, different process parameters including nitrogen and carbon source, pH, temperature, aeration and agitation were optimized to maximize the production of biosurfactants from Pediococcus pentosaceus S-2. Xylose (1.5%) and yeast extract (1.5%) act as better carbon and nitrogen sources respectively for the production of biosurfactants. Maximum biosurfactant yield was observed at pH 6, a temperature of 35o C, an agitation rate of 200 rpm and with inoculum size of 3%. The high yield of biosurfactants produced from Pediococcus pentosaceus S-2 by utilizing media supplemented with whey under optimized conditions.
Some Quality Attributes of Composite Flour and Bread Produced from Wheat and African Walnut
Authors: Arinola S. O. , Ogunlade O. A. , Fakomiti D. M.
Published: May 2023

This study explored the potential of African walnut in the formulation of composite flour which can be used for bread production and in various food applications. African walnut flour was produced and used to substitute wheat flour at different levels (5 - 25%) in the production of wheat-African walnut composite flour. Functional and pasting properties of the composite flour were evaluated using standard procedures. Proximate composition, antioxidant activity, some loaf quality attributes and sensory acceptability of bread produced from the composite flour were evaluated using standard procedures. Wheat bread served as control. The composite flour showed varying functional properties which ranged from 2.43 to 3.46 (swelling capacity), 1.15 to 1.85 mL/g (water absorption capacity), 2.15 to 2.75 mL/g (oil absorption capacity), 10.80 to16.60% (foam capacity), 63.0 to 75.0% (dispersibility), 38.92 to 69.92 seconds (wetability), 0.75 to 0.79 g/mL (packed bulk density) and 0.43 to 0.47 g/mL (loose bulk density). Inclusion of African walnut reduced peak viscosity (53.92 – 148.83 RVU), trough viscosity (52.25 – 88.58 RVU), breakdown viscosity (1.67 – 60.25 RVU), final viscosity (74.08 – 191.25 RVU) and setback viscosity (21.83 – 102.67 RVU) of the composite flour. Composite bread had better protein (9.75 – 16.93%), fat (3.42 – 9.94%), ash (1.46 – 2.75%), crude fibre (0.86 – 3.64%) but reduced specific loaf volume (2.36 – 4.18 cm3/g) and loaf height (3.00 – 5.40cm) than the control, and exhibited appreciable antioxidant activity (DPPH: 31.60 – 73.09% and FRAP: 0.51 - 4.25 mg/g). In term of sensory acceptability composite bread samples produced with 5 and 10 % levels of African walnut compared favourably with bread produced from wheat flour. Thus composite flour produced from wheat and African walnut flours showed an array of physicochemical properties which could make it useful in different food applications. Acceptable bread could be produced from wheat flour substituted with African walnut flour at 10% level.
Residual Effect of Direct Seeded and Transplanted Rice, Nutritional Approaches and Slow Release Nitrogen Sources on the Growth Parameters of Blackgram Crop
Authors: Joseph Ashna Susan , Ravi M. V. , Rao K. Narayana , Bhat S. N. , Ramesh Y. M. , Sharanagouda H.
Published: May 2023

A study was conducted on nutrient management approaches in rice-blackgram cropping system under different ecosystems. The growth parameters were recorded at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest of blackgram crop. The results indicated that the plant height and number of branches had increased linearly as the crop attained maturity. The three way interaction of ecosystem, nutritional approaches and N sources (M x N x S) had proved that significantly taller plants of blackgram were associated with the residual effect of transplanted soils which possessed neem coated urea based on SSNM for yield target of 7 t ha-1 (M2N4S2) at all stages of crop growth and number of branches at 60 DAS and at harvest.
Effect of Inorganic and Integrated Long-term Nutrient Management on DTPA-extractable Micronutrients in a Vertisol under Soybean-wheat Cropping System across the Soil Depth
Authors: Singh Vivek , Rai Hitendra K. , Jain Priyanka , Dwivedi B. S. , Upadhyay A. K. , Agrawal S. B. , Behera Sanjib Kumar , Singh R. B.
Published: May 2023

The status of DTPA extractable micronutrient (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in response of continuous application of different inorganic and organic fertilizer combination in a 48 years old ongoing long-term fertilizer experiment (AICRP-LTFE) were investigated in Vertisol at Department of Soil Science, and Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Jabalpur under intensive cultivation of soybean- wheat cropping system in 2021. The treatments selected for the study were: control (T1); 100% NP(T2); 100% NPK (T3); 100% NPK+FYM (T4); 100% N(T5); 50% NPK (T6); 150% NPK (T7). Application of FYM along with balance fertilizer (100% NPK) significantly increased the micronutrients availability in soil. On contrast, Imbalance fertilization caused a lower level of micronutrients in soil even below to the critical limit in case of zinc. A decreasing trend with increase in soil depth irrespective of type of nutrient management and micronutrient type was evident in the study. Findings of the present study emphasized the application of balance fertilization along with organic sources like FYM for sustaining micronutrients availability in Vertisol under soybean-wheat cropping system.
Bagasse Yield and Quality Traits of Silage Made From Juice-Extracted Sweet Sorghum
Authors: YUCEL Celal , BILGIN Feyza Döndü , İNAL İlker
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted to investigate possible use of juice-extracted sweet sorghum stalks (bagasse) as a quality roughage source through silage making. A total of 21 different sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) genotypes supplied from different sources were used as the primary material of the study. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized blocks design with 4 replications on the experimental fields of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute under 2nd crop conditions during the growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 years. Plants were harvested for bioethanol production at milk-dough stage of panicle grains. Plant leaves and panicles were stripped and remaining stalks were extracted through squeezing. Juice-extracted stalks (bagasse) were ensilaged for 60 days and quality traits were analyzed at the end of silage period. As the average of two years, bagasse yields varied between 42.6-113.9 t ha-1, silage DM yields varied between 11.6-40.0 t ha-1. In addition, crude protein (CP) content, acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) values varied between 29.79 - 50.84 g/kg DM, between 49.3 - 91.4 g/kg DM, between 525.1-694.8 g/kg DM and between 351.2-486.8 g/kg DM, respectively. It was concluded based on present findings that silages made from juice-extracted stalks of sweet sorghum grown under 2nd crop conditions of Cukurova region could be used as quality roughage source for livestock.
Keywords: Bagasse yield; Genotype; Silage quality; Sweet sorghum
Synthesis, Structural Characterization，DFT，Hirschfeld Surface and Catalytic Activity of a New Zn (II) Complex of 4-Acetylbenzoic Acid
Authors: Wang Li-Hua , Tai Hao-Wen
Published: May 2023

A new Zn(II) complex of 4-acetylbenzoic acid, namely  [ZnL2(H2O)2] (1) (HL = 4-acetylbenzoic acid) has been synthesized in water-ethanol (v:v = 1:2) solution using zinc acetate dihydrate, 4-acetylbenzoic acid, and NaOH as reactants. The structure of complex (1) has been characterized by IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. X-ray diffraction analysis of complex (1) reveals that the Zn(II) ion is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral coordination geometry with four carboxylic O atoms from two different bidentate 4-acetylbenzoic acid ligands (O1, O2, O1a, O2a) and two O atoms from two coordinated water molecules (O4 and O4a). Complex (1) forms 1D chained structure by the intermolecular and intramolecular O-H···O hydrogen bonds, and further forms a three-dimensional network structure by the π-π interaction of benzene rings and intermolecular O-H···O hydrogen bonds. The singlet ground-state geometry of the complex (1) were optimized using the PBE0 functional. The intermolecular interactions of complex (1) were quantitatively analysed by 3D Hirschfeld surface analysis and associated 2D fingerprint plots. The catalytic activity of complex (1) has been tested for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol under O2 atmosphere. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Barriers to Disclosure of Disability and Request for Accommodations Among First-Year Resident Physicians in the US
Authors: Pereira-Lima Karina , Meeks Lisa M. , Ross Katherine E. T. , Marcelin Jasmine R. , Smeltz Lydia , Frank Elena , Sen Srijan
Published: May 2023

Importance

Ensuring access to accommodations is critical for resident physicians and their patients. Studies show that a large proportion of medical trainees with disabilities do not request needed accommodations; however, drivers of nonrequests are unknown.

Objective

To assess the frequency of accommodation requests among first-year resident physicians (ie, interns) with disabilities and to identify possible drivers of nonrequest for needed accommodations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

As part of the Intern Health Study, a longitudinal cohort study of first-year resident physicians, residents at 86 surgical and nonsurgical residency programs in 64 US institutions provided demographic and training characteristics 2 months prior to matriculation (April-May 2021). At the end of their intern year (June 2022), participants completed a new survey with questions about disability-related information, including disability status, disability type, whether they received accommodations, and if not, reasons for nonaccommodation. Poststratification and attrition weights were used to estimate the frequency of accommodation requests and reasons for not requesting accommodations. Interns reporting at least 1 disability were included in the analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prevalence of reported disabilities, residency specialties distribution, frequency of accommodation requests, and reasons for nonaccommodation among resident physicians with disabilities.

Results

Among the 1486 resident physicians who completed the baseline survey, 799 (53.8%) replied to the disability questions. Of those, 94 interns (11.8%; weighted number, 173 [11.9%]) reported at least 1 disability and were included in the present study (weighted numbers, 91 [52.6%] men, 82 [47.4%] women, mean [SD] age, 28.6 [3.0] years). Among interns with reported disability and need for accommodations (83 of 173 [48.0%]), more than half (42 [50.6%]) did not request them. The most frequently reported reasons for not requesting needed accommodations were fear of stigma or bias (25 [59.5%]), lack of a clear institutional process for requesting accommodations (10 [23.8%]), and lack of documentation (5 [11.9%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

Program directors should investigate cultural and structural factors within their programs that contribute to an environment where residents do not feel safe or supported in disclosing disability and requesting accommodation and review their disability policies for clarity.
Adjuvant Treatments for Surgically Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Mutations
Authors: Passaro Antonio , Mok Tony S. K. , Attili Ilaria , Wu Yi-Long , Tsuboi Masahiro , de Marinis Filippo , Peters Solange
Published: May 2023

Importance

The use of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB-IIIA resected non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has limited benefit for improving cure rates. The proportion of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alterations among patients with resected NSCLC is comparable to that observed in patients with advanced disease, and the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been demonstrated to prolong disease-free survival (DFS). With recent approval of osimertinib in this context, a focus on the rapidly evolving scenario and future perspective in clinical practice is needed and was the aim of the current review.

Observations

Randomized phase 3 clinical trials demonstrated DFS benefit with adjuvant EGFR TKI therapy in patients with resected EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC. The most recent trial (ADAURA) assessed 3-year adjuvant osimertinib and showed consistent DFS benefit and a significant role of the intervention in preventing the occurrence of brain metastasis. However, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy, the appropriate duration of treatment, the management of disease relapse, and the effective cure rate remain undetermined. A deeper investigation on molecular biomarkers, covariant patterns, and dynamic monitoring of postsurgical circulating DNA would be helpful for the implementation of future strategies to further improve survival rates after adjuvant therapy for EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC.

Conclusions and Relevance

Adjuvant osimertinib revolutionized the treatment algorithm for patients with stage IB-IIIA resected EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC. Further evidence driven by clinical issues will be key for further optimization of the goals of adjuvant treatment in these patients.
Ultrahigh Energy Storage Capacitors Based on Freestanding Single‐Crystalline Antiferroelectric Membrane/PVDF Composites
Authors: Chen Bohan , Zhu Wenxuan , Wang Tian , Peng Bin , Xu Yiwei , Dong Guohua , Guo Yunting , Liu Haixia , Huang Houbing , Liu Ming
Published: May 2023

Inorganic/organic dielectric composites are very attractive for high energy density electrostatic capacitors. Usually, linear dielectric and ferroelectric materials are chosen as inorganic fillers to improve energy storage performance. Antiferroelectric (AFE) materials, especially single‐crystalline AFE oxides, have relatively high efficiency and higher density than linear dielectrics or ferroelectrics. However, adding single‐crystalline AFE oxides into polymers to construct composite with improved energy storage performance remains elusive. In this study, high‐quality freestanding single‐crystalline PbZrO3 membranes are obtained by a water‐soluble sacrificial layer method. They exhibit classic AFE behavior and then 2D–2D type PbZrO3/PVDF composites with the different film thicknesses of PbZrO3 (0.1‐0.4 µm) is constructed. Their dielectric properties and polarization response improve significantly as compared to pure PVDF and are optimized in the PbZrO3(0.3 µm)/PVDF composite. Consequently, a record‐high energy density of 43.3 J cm−3 is achieved at a large breakdown strength of 750 MV m−1. Phase‐field simulation indicates that inserting PbZrO3 membranes effectively reduces the breakdown path. Single‐crystalline AFE oxide membranes will be useful fillers for composite‐based high‐power capacitors.
Surface Engineering of Central Venous Catheters via Combination of Antibacterial Endothelium‐Mimicking Function and Fibrinolytic Activity for Combating Blood Stream Infection and Thrombosis
Authors: Li Kaijun , Peng Jinyu , Liu Yuqi , Zhang Fanjun , Wu Dimeng , Luo Rifang , Du Zongliang , Yang Li , Liu Gongyan , Wang Yunbing
Published: May 2023

Long‐term blood‐contacting devices (e.g., central venous catheters, CVCs) still face the highest incidence of blood stream infection and thrombosis in clinical application. To effectively address these complications, this work reports a dual‐functional surface engineering strategy for CVCs by organic integration of endothelium‐mimicking and fibrinolytic functions. In this proposal, a lysine (Lys)/Cu2+‐incorporated zwitterionic polymer coating (defined as PDA/Lys/Cu‐SB) is designed and robustly fabricated onto commercial CVCs using a facile two‐step process. Initially, adhesive ene‐functionalized dopamine is covalently reacted with Lys and simultaneously coordinated with bactericidal Cu2+ ions, leading to the deposition of a PDA/Lys/Cu coating on CVCs through mussel foot protein inspired surface chemistry. Next, zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSB) brushes are grafted onto the PDA/Lys/Cu coating to endow lubricant and antifouling properties. In the final PDA/Lys/Cu‐SB coating, endothelium‐mimicking function is achieved by combining the catalytic generation of nitric oxide from the chelated Cu2+ with antifouling pSB brushes, which led to significant prevention of thrombosis, and bacterial infection in vivo. Furthermore, the immobilized Lys with fibrinolytic activity show remarkably enhanced long‐term anti‐thrombogenic properties as evidenced in vivo by demonstrating the capability to lyse nascent clots. Therefore, this developed strategy provides a promising solution for long‐term blood‐contacting devices to combat thrombosis and infection.
Repurposing FDA‐Approved Drugs for Temozolomide‐Resistant IDH1 Mutant Glioma Using High‐Throughput Miniaturized Screening on Droplet Microarray Chip
Authors: Cui Haijun , Sun Xueyuan , Schilling Marcel , Herold‐Mende Christel , Reischl Markus , Levkin Pavel A. , Popova Anna A. , Turcan Şevin
Published: May 2023

To address the challenge of drug resistance and limited treatment options for recurrent gliomas with IDH1 mutations, a highly miniaturized screening of 2208 FDA‐approved drugs is conducted using a high‐throughput droplet microarray (DMA) platform. Two patient‐derived temozolomide‐resistant tumorspheres harboring endogenous IDH1 mutations (IDH1mut) are utilized. Screening identifies over 20 drugs, including verteporfin (VP), that significantly affected tumorsphere formation and viability. Proteomics analysis reveals that nuclear pore complex may be a potential VP target, suggesting a new mechanism of action independent of its known effects on YAP1. Knockdown experiments exclude YAP1 as a drug target in tumorspheres. Pathway analysis shows that NUP107 is a potential upstream regulator associated with VP response. Analysis of publicly available genomic datasets shows a significant correlation between high NUP107 expression and decreased survival in IDH1mut astrocytoma, suggesting NUP107 may be a potential biomarker for VP response. This study demonstrates a miniaturized approach for cost‐effective drug repurposing using 3D glioma models and identifies nuclear pore complex as a potential target for drug development. The findings provide preclinical evidence to support in vivo and clinical studies of VP and other identified compounds to treat IDH1mut gliomas, which may ultimately improve clinical outcomes for patients with this challenging disease.
Ultralong Carrier Lifetime Exceeding 20 µs in Lead Halide Perovskite Film Enable Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Jiahao , Wang Bingzhe , Lu Di , Wang Ting , Liu Tingting , Wang Rui , Dong Xiyue , Zhou Tong , Zheng Nan , Fu Qiang , Xie Zengqi , Wan Xiangjian , Xing Guichuan , Chen Yongsheng , Liu Yongsheng
Published: May 2023

The carrier lifetime is one of the key parameters for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it is still a great challenge to achieve long carrier lifetimes in perovskite films that are comparable with perovskite crystals owning to the large trap density resulting from the unavoidable defects in grain boundaries and surfaces. Here, by regulating the electronic structure with the developed 2‐thiopheneformamidinium bromide (ThFABr) combined with the unique film structure of 2D perovskite layer caped 2D/3D polycrystalline perovskite film, an ultralong carrier lifetime exceeding 20 µs and carrier diffusion lengths longer than 6.5 µm are achieved. These excellent properties enable the ThFA‐based devices to yield a champion efficiency of 24.69% with a minimum VOC loss of 0.33 V. The unencapsulated device retains ≈95% of its initial efficiency after 1180 h by max power point (MPP) tracking under continuous light illumination. This work provides important implications for structured 2D/(2D/3D) perovskite films combined with unique FA‐based spacers to achieve ultralong carrier lifetime for high‐performance PSCs and other optoelectronic applications.
Open and Close‐Packed, Shape‐Engineered Polygonal Nanoparticle Metamolecules with Tailorable Fano Resonances
Authors: Cai Yi‐Yu , Fallah Asma , Yang Shengsong , Choi Yun Chang , Xu Jun , Stein Aaron , Kikkawa James M. , Murray Christopher B. , Engheta Nader , Kagan Cherie R.
Published: May 2023

A top‐down lithographic patterning and deposition process is reported for producing nanoparticles (NPs) with well‐defined sizes, shapes, and compositions that are often not accessible by wet‐chemical synthetic methods. These NPs are ligated and harvested from the substrate surface to prepare colloidal NP dispersions. Using a template‐assisted assembly technique, fabricated NPs are driven by capillary forces to assemble into size‐ and shape‐engineered templates and organize into open or close‐packed multi‐NP structures or NP metamolecules. The sizes and shapes of the NPs and of the templates control the NP number, coordination, interparticle gap size, disorder, and location of defects such as voids in the NP metamolecules. The plasmonic resonances of polygonal‐shaped Au NPs are exploited to correlate the structure and optical properties of assembled NP metamolecules. Comparing open and close‐packed architectures highlights that introduction of a center NP to form close‐packed assemblies supports collective interactions, altering magnetic optical modes and multipolar interactions in Fano resonances. Decreasing the distance between NPs strengthens the plasmonic coupling, and the structural symmetries of the NP metamolecules determine the orientation‐dependent scattering response.
Direct Measurements of Anisotropic Thermal Transport in γ‐InSe Nanolayers via Cross‐Sectional Scanning Thermal Microscopy
Authors: Gonzalez‐Munoz Sergio , Agarwal Khushboo , Castanon Eli G. , Kudrynskyi Zakhar R. , Kovalyuk Zakhar D. , Spièce Jean , Kazakova Olga , Patanè Amalia , Kolosov Oleg V.
Published: May 2023

Van der Waals (vdW) atomically thin materials and their heterostructures offer a versatile platform for the management of nanoscale heat transport and the design of novel thermoelectrics. These require the measurement of highly anisotropic heat transport in vdW‐based nanolayers, a major challenge for nanostructured materials and devices. In the present study, a novel effective method of cross‐sectional scanning thermal microscopy was used to map and quantify the anisotropic heat transport in nanoscale thick layers of vdW materials and the material‐substrate interfaces. This technique measures the heat conducted into a vdW crystal via the nanoscale apex of a heat‐sensitive probe. The crystal is nano‐polished via Ar ion beams generating an oblique nearly atomically flat surface. By measuring the thermal conductance variation as a function of increasing layer thickness, the transition between the cross‐plane and in‐plane heat transport (defined by heat conductivity anisotropy) is acquired. By using an analytical model validated by finite element simulations, anisotropic thermal transport in a gamma indium selenide crystal nano‐thin flake on a Si substrate was studied, obtaining results corresponding to anomalously low anisotropic thermal conductivities of kxy = 2.16 Wm−1 K−1 in‐plane and kz = 0.89 Wm−1 K−1 cross‐plane confirming its potential for thermoelectric applications.
Space Confinement to Regulate Ultrafine CoPt Nanoalloy for Reliable Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst in PEMFC
Authors: Zhu Weikang , Pei Yabiao , Liu Haotian , Yue Runfei , Ling Shilin , Zhang Junfeng , Liu Xin , Yin Yan , Guiver Michael D.
Published: May 2023

A Co‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) derived catalyst with ultrafine CoPt nanoalloy particles is designed via a two‐step space confinement method, to achieve a robust oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The core–shell structure of ZIF‐67 (core) and SiO2 (shell) is carefully adjusted to inhibit the agglomeration of Co nanoparticles. In the subsequent adsorption−annealing process, the in situ formed graphene shell on the surface of Co nanoparticles further protects metal particles from coalescence, leading to the ultrafine CoPt nanoalloy (average diameter is 2.61 nm). Benefitting from the high utilization of Pt metal, the mass activity of CoPt nanoalloy catalyst reaches 681.8 mA mgPt−1 at 0.9 V versus RHE according to the rotating disk electrode test in 0.1 m HClO4 solution. The CoPt nanoalloy‐based PEMFC provides a high maximum power density of 2.22 W cm−2 (H2/O2) and 0.923 W cm−2 (H2/air). Simultaneously, it shows good stability in the long‐time dynamic test at low humidity, due to the robust CoPt@graphene core–shell nanostructure. This work provides a viable strategy for designing Pt‐based nanoalloy catalysts with ultrafine metal particles and high stability.
An Update on Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: Where Challenge Meets Opportunity
Authors: Qin Yi , Ge Gaoran , Yang Peng , Wang Liangliang , Qiao Yusen , Pan Guoqing , Yang Huilin , Bai Jiaxiang , Cui Wenguo , Geng Dechun
Published: May 2023

Over the last decade, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) have attracted increasing attention in the field of regenerative medicine. ADSCs appear to be the most advantageous cell type for regenerative therapies owing to their easy accessibility, multipotency, and active paracrine activity. This review highlights current challenges in translating ADSC‐based therapies into clinical settings and discusses novel strategies to overcome the limitations of ADSCs. To further establish ADSC‐based therapies as an emerging platform for regenerative medicine, this review also provides an update on the advancements in this field, including fat grafting, wound healing, bone regeneration, skeletal muscle repair, tendon reconstruction, cartilage regeneration, cardiac repair, and nerve regeneration. ADSC‐based therapies are expected to be more tissue‐specific and increasingly important in regenerative medicine.
Cancer Nanobombs Delivering Artoxplatin with a Polyigniter Bearing Hydrophobic Ferrocene Units Upregulate PD‐L1 Expression and Stimulate Stronger Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Gao Yongchao , Zhang Hanchen , Tang Lin , Li Feifei , Yang Li , Xiao Haihua , Karges Johannes , Huang Weihua , Zhang Wei , Liu Chaoyong
Published: May 2023

Poor immunogenicity seriously hampers the broader implementation of antitumor immunotherapy. Enhanced immunogenicity capable of achieving greater antitumor immunity is urgently required. Here, a novel polymer that contains hydrophobic ferrocene (Fc) units and thioketal bonds in the main chain, which further delivered a prodrug of oxaliplatin and artesunate, i.e., Artoxplatin, to cancer cells is described. This polymer with Fc units in the nanoparticle can work as a polyigniter to spark the peroxide bonds in Artoxplatin and generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancers as nanobombig for cancer therapy. Moreover, ROS can trigger the breakdown of thioketal bonds in the polymer, resulting in the biodegradation of the polymer. Importantly, nanobombig can facilitate the maturation of dendritic cells and promote the activation of antitumor immunity, through the enhanced immunogenic cell death effect by ROS generated in situ. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis reveals a decrease in glutamine in nanobombig‐treated cancer cells, resulting in the upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Consequently, it is further demonstrated enhanced tumor inhibitory effects when using nanobombig combined with anti‐PD‐L1 therapy. Overall, the nanosystem offers a rational design of an efficient chemo‐immunotherapy regimen to promote antitumor immunity by improving tumor immunogenicity, addressing the key challenges cancer immunotherapy faced.
Fast One‐Step Fabrication of Highly Regular Microscrolls with Controllable Surface Morphology
Authors: Diem Achim M. , Bill Joachim , Burghard Zaklina
Published: May 2023

Although rolling origami technology has provided convenient access to three‐dimensional (3D) microstructure systems, the high yield and scalable construction of complex rolling structures with well‐defined geometry without impeding functionality has remained challenging. The straightforward, one‐step fabrication that uses external mechanical stress to scroll micrometer thick, flexible planar films with centimeter lateral dimensions into tubular or spiral geometry within a few seconds is demonstrated. The method allows controlling the scrolls’ diameter, number of windings and nanostructured surface morphology, and is applicable to a wide range of functional materials. The obtained 3D structures are highly promising for various applications including sensors, actuators, microrobotics, as well as energy storage and electronic devices.
Mitigating Contact Loss in Li6PS5Cl‐Based Solid‐State Batteries Using a Thin Cationic Polymer Coating on NCM
Authors: Shi Bing‐Xuan , Yusim Yuriy , Sen Sudeshna , Demuth Thomas , Ruess Raffael , Volz Kerstin , Henss Anja , Richter Felix H.
Published: May 2023

Thiophosphate‐based solid‐state batteries (SSBs) with high‐nickel ternary cathode materials such as LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 (NCM) represent a promising next‐generation energy storage technology due to their expected high specific discharge capacity and improved safety. However, rapid capacity fading caused by contact loss through interphase and crack formation during cell cycling is a significant problem hindering stable SSB cycling and high‐energy‐density applications. In this work, a uniform coating of poly((4‐vinyl benzyl)trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide)) (PVBTA‐TFSI) on NCM is obtained via a spray‐drying process. This exceptionally thin cationic polymer coating of only 2–4 nm thickness on NCM helps stabilize the interface between NCM and the Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte (SE). Electrochemical tests confirm a significant improvement in long‐term cycling performance and active mass utilization compared to uncoated NCM. In addition, the polymer coating effectively suppresses the degradation of the NCM/SE interface, particularly the formation of oxygenated species, and reduces the extent of particle cracking. Overall, these results highlight a new approach to mitigate SSB degradation using a thin cationic polymer coating on NCM for SSBs.
Wood‐Derived, Monolithic Chainmail Electrocatalyst for Biomass‐Assisted Hydrogen Production
Authors: Li Di , Li Zengyong , Chen Zhongxin , Shi Ge , Wang Lu , Chen Zehong , Tu Wenguang , Xia Ruidong , Iwuoha Emmanuel I. , Liu Chuanfu , Peng Xinwen
Published: May 2023

The chainmail catalyst by encapsulating an active species within the carbon support is a well‐established concept to endorse extraordinary stability for catalytic reactions under harsh conditions. Conventional chainmail catalysts inevitably suffer from poor accessibility to active sites, leading to extra voltage to compensate the sluggish diffusion kinetics in electrocatalysis. Herein, the naturally abundant wood material is converted into a monolithic chainmail electrocatalyst by encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles within N‐doped carbonized wood. Such a monolithic chainmail catalyst is employed directly as electrode for hydrogen evolution (HER), oxygen evolution (OER), and monosaccharide oxidation reactions (MOR) with benchmark performance. By coupling the HER with MOR, the electrolyzer equipped with the monolithic chainmail catalyst allows hydrogen production at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 with a full cell voltage of only 1.36 V. Such design of wood‐derived chainmail catalyst provides a promising way to fabricate robust electrocatalysts for future production of hydrogen and value‐added chemicals.
The influence of vegetation structure on sleeping site selection by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes)
Authors: Tédonzong Luc Roscelin Dongmo , Ndju'u Maxwell Bienvenu Mfula , Tchamba Martin , Angwafo Tsi Evaristus , Lens Luc , Tagg Nikki , Willie Jacob
Published: May 2023

Sleep is an important aspect of great ape life; these animals build sleeping platforms every night. In a community of chimpanzees, each subgroup selects a sleeping site where each individual builds a sleeping platform, mostly on a tree. Previous studies have measured the heights of sleeping platforms and sleeping trees to test the predation avoidance and thermoregulation hypotheses of sleeping site selection. However, it remains unclear how components of vegetation structure (vertical and horizontal) together determine the selection of sleeping sites by chimpanzees. Using botanical inventories around sleeping sites in a tropical rainforest of Cameroon, we found that chimpanzees preferentially sleep in trees measuring 40–50 cm in diameter. Regarding height, on average, sleeping trees measured 26 m and sleeping platforms were built at 16 m. To build sleeping platforms, chimpanzees preferred four tree species, which represent less than 3% of tree species in the study area. We demonstrate that the variation in abundance of tree species and the vertical and horizontal structure of the vegetation drive chimpanzee sleeping site selection. It was previously thought that preference for vegetation types was the driver of sleeping site selection in chimpanzees. However, results from this study indicate that the importance of vegetation types in sleeping site selection depends on their botanical characteristics including the variation in tree size, the abundance of all trees, the abundance of sleeping trees, and the occurrence of preferred sleeping tree species, which predict sleeping site selection. The height and diameter of trees are considered by chimpanzees when selecting a particular tree for sleeping and when selecting a site with a specific vertical structure. In addition to tree height, the abundance of smaller neighboring trees may also play a role in the chimpanzee antipredation strategy. Our results demonstrate that chimpanzees consider several vegetation parameters to establish sleeping sites.