bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forensic support of court proceedings: ontological, methodological and praxeological aspects
Authors: Myroshnychenko Yu.
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of comprehension by the author of the phenomenon of forensic support as a separate entity, the system in which the processes of production, dissemination and application of forensic knowledge in practice take place. Accordingly, in the ontological aspect, forensic support is seen as a complex, multifaceted system that includes a number of subsystems functionally interconnected by the general purpose, the main among which are the science of forensic science, forensic education and forensic practice. Each of them has its own components, which can also be considered and described as systems consisting of certain elements – individual processes and their results, which have their own structure, including objects, subjects, connections, functions and goals.

Forensic support of law enforcement and judicial activities, considered under the system-activity (process) point of view can be represented as a system of scientific, pedagogical and applied activities for the development of forensic techniques, methods and recommendations, the transfer of knowledge about them to the subjects of these types of activities, the formation of their skills and abilities necessary for the effective use of forensic tools in each forensic situation in order to positively implement their professional tasks and procedural functions. From the standpoint of the resource approach, forensic support is a set of forensic technical means, tactical techniques and methodological recommendations, as well as forensic knowledge and skills of subjects authorized to disclose, investigate and litigate criminal cases.

The practical component of the forensic support of the trial of criminal cases is the activity of the court in the formation and further application of the complex, developed by the national forensic science and tested by judicial practice of measures aimed at reducing the influence of the factor of information uncertainty of the initial stage of the trial, forecasting.
Administrative responsibility in the system of state provision of protection of an individual’s intellectual property rights
Authors: Gurzhii T. , Mushenok V. , Gurzhii A. , Sytnichenko O.
Published: October 2023

The article examines the peculiarities of the functioning of the institute of administrative responsibility as an important element of the system of state-legal protection of intellectual property rights as a separate group of homogeneous relations, the objects of which are the results of intellectual, creative activity of a person. A group of uniform normative legal acts regulating the studied relations is identified: the Constitution of Ukraine, codes and laws of Ukraine, Decrees of the President of Ukraine, resolutions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, standards in the field of intellectual property, departmental normative legal acts, international treaties and agreements. It has been established that in our country it is expedient to continue improving the system of regulatory and legal support for the protection of intellectual property, and such a system itself should be aimed at reorienting the administrative and legal activities of executive authorities to increase the transparency of the decision-making process regarding bringing offenders to administrative responsibility, which will become effective as a means of ensuring the lawful activity of individuals and legal entities in the field of protection of intellectual property rights. It is proposed to establish the category “administrative responsibility for violation of legislation in the field of intellectual property” as an implementation of an administrative-legal sanction, which is manifested in the application by the court to a guilty person who has committed an administrative offense in the field of intellectual property, the punishment provided for by the Code of Ukraine on administrative offenses and other by legislative acts, in accordance with the procedure defined by law. The prospects of further research in this area are defined as theoretical improvement of legislation and practical regulation of the functioning of the specified institute as a means of state protection of intellectual property rights of individuals.
Budgetary process development at the local level: foreign expertise
Authors: Diedushev I.
Published: October 2023

This paper highlights the foreign expertise of the budgetary process development at the local level. It states that the armed aggression of the Russian Federation resulted in significant damage to the economy of Ukraine, affecting thus the development of the budgetary process. Modern scholars studying the domestic budgetary process, including its local dimension, are listed.

The aim of the research is to perform a critical review of the foreign experience regarding the budgetary process development at local level.

This paper highlights the concept of the budgetary process in Ukraine, the essentials of its five stages, the reasons for the low quality of the budgetary process in Ukraine, the core principles being followed in the European Union states in the process of securing selected tax revenues for local self-government bodies, essential factors determining the possibility to assign certain taxes within the local category, the main characteristics of the local budgets’ revenue share establishment in developed Western countries, distinguishing these from domestic practice. It is emphasized that for all developed foreign states division of local budgets into local operational (administrative) budget and local development budget (investment budget) is typical. It is stressed that the main focus of budgetary policy in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe was placed on decreasing the amount of transfers and taking parallel measures to raise the share of tax revenues, ensuring the establishment of self-sufficient and financially capable territorial communities. Аuthor paid special attention to research of budgetary process specificity in Germany, United Kingdom and France.

The conclusions contain a statement for the budgetary process of any country to be characterized by certain features reflecting the specificity of national economy regulation, the structure of domestic production and means of influencing the development of the financial system. Modern global trends are characterized by the increasing importance of decentralization in the organization of local financial systems and changes in budgetary processes at the local level.
Comparative Analysis of Methods for Assessing the Level of Puberty in Sports Practice
Authors:   Yugra State University, Nesterova Anastasia S. , Barbashov Sergey V. ,   Yugra State University
Published: October 2023

Puberty is an inevitable stage of child-athlete development, this process is accompanied by morphological, physiological and psychological changes in the body of children. The article presents the research discourse of domestic and foreign research sources on the ways of determining biological age based on the dynamic pro-cesses of puberty. Scientists confirm the necessity of taking this factor into account in planning and adjusting the training process, but in practice it almost does not happen due to the lack of simple and accessible ways to assess the level of biological maturation of young athletes, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of multi-year training process. The principles of the organization of the latter are still focused on the actual age of athletes. Relevant information on methodological approaches to determining the real physical state of the child's organism will allow coaches to more adequately influence the adaptation of the athlete's body to training loads.
On the Possibilities of Equipment of the Pedagogical Technology Park “Quantorium” for the Formation of Practical Skills of Students when Studying the Section of Biology “Genetics”
Authors:   Glazov State Pedagogical Institute named after V. G. Korolenko, Vladykina Irina V. , Karoyan Alvard A. ,   Glazov State Pedagogical Institute named after V. G. Korolenko, Dymova Irina A. ,   Glazov State Pedagogical Institute named after V. G. Korolenko
Published: October 2023

The article considers the pedagogical problem of forming practical skills and abilities of 9th grade students when studying the biology section “Genetics” with the help of high-tech equipment of the pedagogical tech-nopark “Quantorium” at Glazov State Pedagogical Institute named after V.G. Korolenko. Primary diagnostics showed low results of schoolchildren in all parameters of the study, including the level of academic perfor-mance. A set of tasks was developed and introduced into the educational process using special equipment of the pedagogical technopark “Quantorium”, focused on the development of practical skills and cognitive activity skills among students of the experimental group for 5 months. After the classes, secondary diagnostics of schoolchildren was carried out, the level of their academic performance in the discipline “Biology”, the section “Genetics”, including the control group, was revealed. Statistically reliable improvements in the level of skills and practical skills of ninth-graders participating in the experiment, as well as an increase in their performance in the subject compared to the control group were revealed.
Gamification in Additional Professional Education
Authors:   Pskov State University, Medvedeva Irina N. , Krylova Nataliya V. ,   Independent researcher
Published: October 2023

The article presents results of research of gamification potential using for training in additional professional education. As an example, it’s considered an advanced training program for the economists from the enter-prises of the military-industrial complex, which is approved for applying at one of such enterprise. It is empha-sized that gamification, using the simulation of professional situations, blurs the line between training and real activities, shifts the emphasis from direct memorization of theoretical material to game elements in the form of gaining points, achieving leadership positions in the standings, which motivates students to more active inde-pendent activity and facilitates the process of perception of the material to be mastered, allows you to test the skills and abilities developed during training, test the student’s decision-making abilities, and identify weak-nesses that require additional elaboration.
Using of Technopark Tools of Universal Pedagogical Competences for Popularization of Achievements of Psycho-Pedagogical Science in Specialized Classes of General Education Schools
Authors:   Amur State University of Humanities and Pedagogy, Chulkova Natalia Yu.
Published: October 2023

Currently, the Russian Federation is paying increasing attention to vocational guidance work with students of general education institutions. Starting from September 1, 2023, the “Russia – My Horizons” project was launched in the country’s schools for students in grades 6–11, as part of which familiarization with future pro-fessions and profile training for high school students is carried out. It is essential for high school students to form positive attitudes in the field of professional self-determination. The usage of promising achievements of psychological and pedagogical science is particularly important for the training of students of specialized clas-ses, future teachers, medical workers, etc., as graduates will have to refer to innovative technologies in their future professional activities. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the using of modern sci-entific achievements contributes to the development of cognitive processes, as well as the formation of skills to study profile disciplines in students of profile classes.
Psychological and Pedagogical Conditions for the Formation of Functional Literacy among Primary Schoolchildren
Authors:   Moscow City University, Bukreeva Iulia S.
Published: October 2023

The article touches upon the issue that the process of functional literacy formation should be carried out in ac-cordance with the age specifics of primary school children’s development, namely, taking into account their interest in research activities, social interaction, etc. In order to confirm the presented theoretical provisions, an experimental study was conducted on the basis of primary classes of a comprehensive school. The experiment is based on the assumption that the creation of special psychological and pedagogical conditions has a posi-tive effect on the level of formation of students’ functional literacy. Among the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of primary schoolchildren functional literacy are highlighted: equipping the educa-tional space with special visual materials; conducting speed reading training; use of non-standard texts for reading (posters, instructions, etc.); carrying out field research in real world conditions, etc. The obtained results of the experimental activity confirm the hypothesis put forward and substantiate the necessity of using methods for modeling situations, that are as close to real life as possible, in the educational process.
Types of Expressive Act Found in “Free Guy” Movie
Authors: Sitohang Desinta , Satria Robby
Published: October 2023

The goal of this research is to describe different types of expressive speaking acts in “Free Guy” movie. It is a part of the descriptive qualitative methodology. The observational approach and non-participatory technique were used in this study's data collection. As a method and approach for data analysis, the referential identity method and pragmatic competence-in-equalizing technique were used. This study employed the (Searle, 1969) theory of expressive acts. The study's findings indicate that “Free Guy” movie has three different types of expressive speech acts. There were 4 data for compliment, 3 data for thanking, and 4 data for greeting
The Utilizing of Tongue Twister Media for English Speaking Activity of Management Students in School of Management
Authors: Ryandini Elda Yulia , Fitriyasari Anis
Published: October 2023

The ability of using English is important and is needed nowadays in many aspects. Everyone is supposed to be able to speak English for communication. The problem happens in non-English students who learn English for specific purpose. They do not feel confident to perform speaking due to they are very rare practicing English previously that causes some problems in pronunciation and mastery vocabulary. Therefore, this study is aimed to know the management students’ pronunciation of English words using tongue twister media and to probe the management students’ perception in speaking English activity. This research applies a qualitative approach with 24 Management major students from one class who mostly work and enroll online and offline English class. The instrument used are field note observation, questionnaires, and recorder. The findings show that most management students found speaking problems in pronouncing the sounds of /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ai/. Although they were not confident in speaking English for the improper pronunciation, they were still trying to learn English well. They expressed that the utilize of tongue twister media in speaking activity is helpful, fun and challenging to pronounce and listen to the good pronunciations.
Politeness Strategies in Classroom Interaction between Teacher and Students and among Students at Senior High School
Authors: Ginting Kristiani Lisma Vera Br , Pasaribu Arsen Nahum
Published: October 2023

In classroom, politeness is needed to be applied to build a good relationship, good social interaction, and comfortable communication between teacher and students and avoid conflict which possibly happens. The purpose of this research is to know the types of politeness strategies used by students and teachers in classroom interaction and to describe the politeness strategies are realized in the teacher – student’s classroom interaction. This research are expected to be valuable for the teacher as the model in English teaching, the teacher can teach moral education in the teaching and learning process. Students will aware of the importance of politeness in English teaching and learning. The people who use polite language will be more honored and accepted in community. Polite in communication make conversation get closer between sepaker and hearer. There are four types of polieness strategies, there are Blad On Record, Positive Politeness Strategies, Negative Politeness Strategies and Off Recordthe researcher found the dominant strategy in teacher-students communication was Bald On Record Strategy which has 13 frequency (44,82%), and followed by Positive  which has 10 fruquency (34,48%)In communication among students, the researcher found the most dominant politeness strategy used among students is positive politeness which has 21 frequency (46,66%) and followed by bald on record 17 frequency (37,77%).
The Comparative Study of Visual and Auditory Learning Style on Jigsaw Strategy in Students’ Reading Comprehension at Junior High School
Authors: Naibaho Heppy , Manik Sondang
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to idenify (1) wether there was an effect of using Jigsaw Strategy on Students' reading Comprehension of visual and auditory Learning Style at SMP Negeri 3 Lintonghihuta. (2) whether there was different effect of using Jigsaw Strategy on Students' reading Comprehension of visual and auditory Learning Style at SMP Negeri 3 Lintonghihuta. The design of this study was mixed design quantitative comparation with quasi - experimental research that aimed to determine whether the relationship between the experimental group and comparison group in reading comprehension, the experimental group is the group that received the treatment. One class from the population was taken as samples by using a purposive-sampling technique. There were 32 students were taken as populations from class IX – 1. The class will be taught by Jigsaw strategy to know the reading comprehension achievement then compared between the auditory and visual learning style. The results of this study were (1) there was different post-test score between auditory and visual class where the visual class had higher score (71,25) than the auditory class (67,00) after being taught using jigsaw strategy. The result of  the paired sample t-test  showed that the values of sig (2-taieled) was 0,000 < 0,050 which means that there was significant different between the Pre-test and Post-test and it can be concluded that there was mean difference between the pre-test and the post-test of reading comprehension score of visual and auditory learning style after taught using jigsaw strategy.(2) Based on the ANCOVA test it was found that the value of level of significance of learning style was 0.120 and the value of level of Jigsaw strategy significance level was 0,162. It can be said that there was no significance effect of jigsaw strategy on students’ reading comprehension of auditory and visual and auditory Learning Style at SMP Negeri 3 Lintonghihuta.
The Effect of Taking English Club Extracurricular Activity on Student’s Writing and Speaking Ability
Authors: Simbolon Hernawan , Tampubolon Sahlan , Pasaribu Arsen
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Effect of Taking English Club Extracurricular Activity on Student’s Writing and Speaking Ability at SMA St. Thomas 2Medan. The methodology of the research was Quantitative research. The technique of collecting the data are writing test and speaking test. The findings showed whether there were significant effects or not on students’ writing and speaking ability. The effect has been proved from the result of the pre-test and post-test. The researcher compared the result of the pre-test and post-test. If the result of the post-test was higher than the pre-test, it meant that English club extracurricular activity was affected. The writing result shows the difference between the mean score of the pre-test and post-test after conducting treatment where the mean score of students’ writing ability on the pre-test is 5,79 and the post-test is 8,47. After analysing the result of the pre-test and post-test by using a formula, it has gotten a percentage of about 46,28 % of students’ improvement. It indicates that applying English Club Extracurricular Activity is effective to be used in learning writing and in Speaking ability, the result  shows the difference between the mean score of the pre-test and post-test after conducting treatment where the mean score of students’ speaking ability on the pre-test is 3,05 and the post-test is 4,76. After analysing the result of the pre-test and post-test by using a formula, it has gotten a percentage of about 56,06 % of students’ improvement. Based on the result of data analysis, the researcher concludes that applying English Club Extracurricular Activity is effective in improving the students’ writing and speaking skills
Implementing Discovery Learning Method in Teaching Reading Comprehension at Senior High School
Authors: Damayanti Titi , Baa Sultan , Amin Fatimah Hidayahni
Published: October 2023

This research aims at finding out: (1) whether EFL students’ reading comprehension improves with the Discovery Learning Method (DLM) in teaching reading or not, and (2) the students’ perceptions of the developing Reading Comprehension with the DLM. This research applied a pre-experimental with One Group Pre-test and Post-test design to assess the improvement of students’ Reading Comprehension and a questionnaire was used to find out the students’ perception of the DLM in English Reading Classroom. Thirty-six (36) students of XI Science 2 at SMAN 2 Baubau were selected as participants of the study using Cluster Random Sampling technique. The pre-test and post-test results were obtained from students’ reading tests and then analyzed by using IBM Statistic SPSS 25 Software. Questionnaire responses were classified into four (4) main indicators: the benefit, the interest, the activities, and the implementation. The study discovered: (1) the average result of the pre-test was 64.44 and in post-test was 76.91. It can be concluded that there is a significant effect of implementing DLM on students' Reading Comprehension; (2) the findings of students' perceptions based on the frequency, showed that average students agreed that DLM could improve their reading comprehension based on the four indicators: the benefit (63.9%), the interest (58.3%), the activities (50%), and the implementation (52.9%).
Exploring Ethnography in The Muram Batu’s Anthology Hujan Kota Arang
Authors: Ginting Donny Adiatmana
Published: October 2023

This research explores the ethnographical values in the Muram Batu’s book Hujan Kota Arang. The ethnographical values refer to the human culture, faith, belief, and language depicted in the literature, such as a short story. The author used universal categories of culture proposed by Clyde Kluckhohn consists of language, knowledge systems, social organizations, living and technological equipment systems, livelihood systems, religion, and the arts.This research is library research, and the research design is descriptive qualitative research. The author used content analysis and descriptive analysis to analyze the ethnographical elements in each short story. The result shows the ethnographical features depicted are language, social organization, religion and the arts. The language is revealed in the story of coffee shop, analieoita and dugan ragi manis. The social organization revealed in the the nemui nyimah and a story of the coffee shop. The religion is depicted in in the anaileoita and the death of sipatitik. The arts depicted in the dugan ragi manis.
Authentic Assessment of Speaking Skills in Junior High School
Authors: Sekarsari Armita Ayu , Muamaroh Muamaroh , Hikmat Mauly Halwat
Published: October 2023

Authentic assessment is a pivotal in teaching-learning process. With the use of authentic assessment, teachers can measure students’ learning achievement and progress effectively. This research investigated how teachers implement authentic assessment focusing in students’ speaking skills in two different schools. The study applied descriptive-qualitative method. Two English teachers were interviewed. In addition, the data collected by structured-interview and documentation. The finding stated that the English teachers applied authentic assessment nicely through the usage of different kind appealing activities in their speaking class.
The Development of a Weblog for Learning English Grammar
Authors: Furwana Dewi , Syam Andi Tenrisanna , Qubra Qubra
Published: October 2023

This research aimed to develop the appropriate weblog for learning English grammar of the twelfth-grade students at SMAN 4 Palopo. Furthermore, the researcher applied Research and Development (R&D) method under the ADDIE model. It consists of five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. This research was located at SMAN 4 Palopo. The subjects in the research were the twelfth-grade students at SMAN 4 Palopo, and 42 students became respondents for the development tryout. This research used several instruments to collect data, i.e., need analysis questionnaires, experts’ judgment questionnaires, and students’ perception questionnaires. The technique of data analysis was a quantitative descriptive analysis technique. This research shows that the developed basic English grammar material through blog learning for the twelfth-grade students at SMAN 4 Palopo was appropriate. The value from the expert’s validation showed that the material expert was 4.33, the language expert was 4.80, and the media/IT expert was 3.44. Thus, the overall mean score for product validity was 4.52 under the excellent category. The result of the questionnaire on students’ perception obtained 4.23 in the excellent category. The appropriate basic English grammar material through blog learning for the twelfth-grade students at SMAN 4 Palopo covers: (1) learning objectives follow students’ necessities; (2) material consists of modal verbs, singular and plural, noun and verb phrases, tenses, direct and indirect speech, passive voice, and articles; (3) presented visually and audio-visually; (4) exciting learning activities and is student-centred such as quizzes, games, and tasks; (5) material’s arrangement consists of a definition, observing activity, grammatical structure, function, and example; (6) an understandable and accessible and covered with a good, attractive, and consistent layout; (7) clear, effective, communicative language and is suitable; (8) material can increase students’ enthusiasm, focus, spirit, confidence, motivation, and activity.
Intimacy Over Power Developing Learners’ Motivation: A Study At ESP Class
Authors: Sultan Arni Arsyad
Published: October 2023

This current research attempts to show that intimacy relationship of student to student has a bigger influence rather than power relationship of lecturer – student to raise motivation in learning process. Certainly, the so-called power in social variable has directly affected in lecturer-student relationship even though the influence is not as big as intimacy relationship has. The relationship between student to student is much easier to communicate for their academic business and even for personal range of problem. It is actually a very potential aspect to raise their motivation in learning. Before collecting primary data, the researcher investigates preliminary data by applying participant observer. After gaining it, the researcher collects primary data through interview. 63 students from English for Specific Purposes class on the fifth semester of English education department at IAIN Bone are asked. Finally, the data are explained by using descriptive qualitative analysis. As a conclusion, intimacy factor among learners is more influential in raising motivation of language learning over power factor held between lecturer and learners. Feeling pleasant to communicate about learner’ incomprehension to their friends, supporting, co-working, and even pushing to strive or to finish the duty become the implementation of the friendship role in intimacy among learners. On the other hand, the respondents could feel clumsy, nervous, shy, or disinclined to express what they have in mind to the lecturer. It is, of course, ultimately affecting the way learner communicates to their lecturer.
The Integration of Islamic and Cultural Values in English Teaching
Authors: Mulyati Yatni Fatwa , Kultsum Ummi
Published: October 2023

Teaching English is closely related to learning Western culture; however, it is only sometimes about using the same material. As the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia must play a role in integrating Islamic values into learning, mainly English as a foreign language. This study aimed to reveal the integration of Islamic and cultural values in English teaching to Islamic university students. This descriptive qualitative used semi-structured interviews and observation to gather the data. There were 42 students, and one lecturer was chosen using purposive sampling as the participants. The findings showed that integrating Islamic and cultural values helps students understand English more easily. Furthermore, it also supports students with an Islamic background. In addition, the observation result proves that students speaking, listening, translation, reading, and vocabulary achievement is outstanding during the observation. This current research strongly contributes to the literature on research about integrating Islamic values into language teaching. However, the cultural values that showed up are Islamic cultural values. Further research focusing on Local cultural integration in teaching English may be enlightening.
An Analysis of Directive Speech Acts in “XO, Kitty” Television Series
Authors: Sidabutar Kristin Enjelina , Johan Mhd.
Published: October 2023

This research aimed to revealed the types of directive speech act in “XO, Kitty” Television series. Directive speech acts is about getting other people to do some certain actions that the speaker intended to, and it has several types which are commanding, requesting, asking, permitting, advising, inviting, and prohibiting (Searle, 1979). Also, descriptive qualitative research theorized by Creswell (2014) was applied in this research. In addition, the observational method and non-participatory technique by Sudaryanto (2015) were applied for collecting the data. Next, analyzing data was done by applying the “Metode padan” and “Teknik pilah pembeda” by Sudaryanto (2015). The result of this research showed that there were seven types of directive speech act revealed with 14 data found consisted of 2 data of commanding, 2 data of requesting, 4 data of asking, 1 data of permitting, 2 data of advising, 2 data of inviting, and 1 data of prohibiting. Last, the highest type of directive speech act found in the research was asking, and the least found were permitting and prohibiting.
Paragraph Hamburgers Strategy in Writing a Report Text
Authors: Husda Azizah , Simorangkir Ribka , Zalukhu Christine Natalie , Marbun Armitha Miranda , Nababan Lorenzo Bindunose
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine whether employing the paragraph hamburger strategy on the students’ writing report text at SMK Immanuel Medan in the academic year 2022-2023. The writers used the quantitative method when carrying out this research. After doing this research, the writers got several findings. Significant changes are made to students writing abilities after they are trained by using the paragraph hamburger strategy to learn writing skills. The results of this study allow it to be said that applying the paragraph hamburger strategy could have a significant effect on the student’s writing skills. Using the paragraph hamburger Strategy gave a more effective result than using a conventional strategy. The average scores from intensive classes were higher than the average from regular classes.  From this pretest, the average test result from the regular class was 63.86, and after doing that post-test, the mean scores were 73.18. Meanwhile, the pretest was completed by the intensive class, and the mean result was 66.00, and upon completion of the post-test, these mean scores were 82.80. The writers used the t- test to obtain the findings of this study. We might therefore say that the value was 5.64. After analyzing this data, the t-table was smaller than the t-t-test (1.67 > 5.64). That author displays a p-value of 0.05. The DF was 47. By seeing the data, the writers could conclude that the paragraph hamburger strategy could have a significant effect on the students’ report text in SMK Immanuel Medan. From this study, it might be said that Paragraph Hamburger had a big impact on the text written for a student report at SMK Immanuel Medan.
Audio-Visual as Media in Reading: Students’ Responses and Challenges
Authors: Loviasyuni Neng Eva , Bhuana Gartika Pandu
Published: October 2023

Some experts believe that audio-visual media is beneficial in learning a second language, including English. It can increase not only students’ motivation to learn, but also their focus on the learned material. In reading, audio-visual media is considered effective in enhancing students’ comprehension. Most of the studies focus on the positive impact of using audio-visual media, but they have not yet investigated the obstacle that might be experienced by the students on its usage. Therefore, this study intends to examine the students’ obstacles of using audio-visual media in reading as well as their responses to its implementation. The qualitative method was applied.  The data were gained through questionnaires and observation. The respondents were 37 ninth-grade students. The findings revealed that although the students responded positively to the use of audio-visual media in reading, they had issues with its implementation. The issues dealt with language and comprehension. In the term of language, the students found it hard to understand the meaning of some words. As a result, it impacted their comprehension. Thus, it is suggested for the teachers to first consider the students’ vocabulary mastery before using audio-visual media in teaching reading. If the students have a limited vocabulary, they can use a video that has familiar words known by the students.
Application of the 'English Grammar' Application in improving student Grammar
Authors: Nesa Nesa , Sari Puspa , Jusriati Jusriati
Published: October 2023

In this research, researchers make grammar and applications as the focus of research to improve students' abilities in learning grammar. This study used an experimental method with a quasi-experimental design. Participants in this study were divided into two groups, namely the control group and the experimental group. Based on the data processing, it can be concluded that improving the grammar skills of this English grammar application has a positive impact on improving students' English grammar skills.
Building up Students’ Reading Comprehension Through Strategy Using Authentic Materials at Senior High School
Authors: Jihad Nurul , Nasriandi Nasriandi , Jusriati Jusriati
Published: October 2023

Building up Students’ Reading Comprehension through Peer Review Strategy using Aunthentic Materials at SMP Negeri 10 Palopo. The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of Peer Review Strategy using Aunthentic Materials in teaching reading comprehension at SMP Negeri 10 Palopo. The researcher applied pre-experimental design. The population of this research was the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 10 Palopo. The total number of population was 247 students. In determining the sample, the researcher used cluster random sampling technique and the researcher took 24 students as sample. The instrument of this research were reading test. The result of the research shows that the use of Peer Review strategy using Authentic materials is effective in teching reading comprehension. It is proven that the mean score of the pre-test is 53.08 and the mean score of the post-test is 70.96. The standard deviation of pre-test is 16.795 and the standard deviation of post-test is 15.730. While t-test = 0,000, (α) = 0.05. It means that t-test is smaller than (α), so there is a significant different between pre-test and post-test of students reading comprehension before and after the researcher gave the treatment. It is showed that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, while the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. Therefore, it can be conculded that Peer Review Starategy in Authentic Materials is effective in teaching reading comprehension.
Magical Thinking and Appearance-based Recusal
Authors: Pines Zygmont
Published: October 2023

This article is a critical analysis of a fundamental judicial ethic, the appearance of impartiality, an increasingly important public issue that is poorly understood and woefully underexamined in jurisprudence and academic literature. The ethic is pivotal to the determination of judicial disqualification, a/k/a recusal, and the public's fragile trust in the rule of law.

The article explains how a mysterious metaphorical device, the “reasonable observer” (a descendant of the common law's “reasonable man”) has been subjectively applied in a confusing and inconsistent manner in judicial disqualification cases. The unexamined approach has unwittingly undermined the plain text and the mandatory ethical obligation of recusal (i.e., a judge must disqualify when his or her impartiality might reasonably be questioned).

The discussion: (a) analyzes the theoretical underpinnings of the reasonable person-observer analytical tool (“heuristic”); (b) explains how American jurisprudence has glibly transmogrified the appearance-recusal precept; (c) provides a unique and starkly contrasting analytical perspective demonstrating how select common law-based jurisdictions (Australia, Canada, Singapore, South Africa, United Kingdom) have painstakingly examined and applied the widely-recognized norm of appearance-based impartiality; and (d) synthesizes the preceding theoretical and jurisprudential information to support a proposal for a recalibrated metric and a pragmatic, clarifying heuristic. The article concludes with a model provision, in the form of a guiding “commentary,” that summarizes the essential aspects of the appearance of bias precept. The article provides an interpretative approach that attempts to be faithful to the letter and spirit of the foundational judicial ethic.
Machine learning in Occupational Safety and Health - a systematic review
Authors: Maheronnaghsh Sara , Zolfagharnasab Hooshiar , Gorgich Malihe , Duarte J.
Published: October 2023

With the development of technology, machine learning (ML), a branch of computer science that aims to turn computers into decision-making agents using the most appropriate algorithms, is also paving its way in the modern world. This systematic review arises from the need to understand the impact and report the best practices for applying ML in occupational safety and health. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to provide the best research results. From the 759 identified papers, only 42 were included in the study after applying both exclusion and inclusion criteria. Application is primarily used in accident and risk assessment, and construction and office work are the leaders in applications. The applied methods mainly consist of classification (injuries, accidents, monitoring data), prediction (of hazards), and regression (to find patterns of accidents to prevent them). In conclusion, decision-makers and workers are taking advantage of various artificial intelligence techniques to find solutions in the occupational safety and health environment when experts have access to correct data, either in real-time or recorded datasets. However, it is necessary that in future investigations, limitations of using ML applications in occupational safety and health area be improved and their full potential is achieved.
Human factors issues at selected workplaces in Nigeria: practice, status and future research needs
Authors: Nwanya Stephen , Achebe Celestine
Published: October 2023

Human factor or ergonomics animates a productive system with the capability of a community of production factors that are not productive. The current paper aims to identify research and practice issues of human factors (HF) in the existing literature on Nigerian scenarios. The specific objectives include conducting a review on ergonomics awareness, collating thought-provoking lived experiences gained from human factors practice across sectors of the economy, highlighting their status, and offering valuable tips on the emerging future of HF for workplaces in Nigeria. Understanding HF issues helps to plan and improve productivity at workplaces. The issues treated herein were topical subjects in recent debates about the COVID-19 era, work evolution, human factors, or ergonomics (E) practice in Nigeria. This review article applied a cross-sectional approach involving the descriptive survey and qualitative analytical methods. Analysis carried out incorporated computation of frequency of publication on each issue, which aided the discussion on status. Findings have shown that knowledge or awareness of HF/E is low, and applying the practice at work positions is equally low in Nigeria. Furthermore, the results suggested an insignificant rise in the status of HF/E by research studies. Surreptitiously, the high prospects for growth of HF/E and the ancillary factors like AI and robotics are foreshadowed in low levels of both practice and awareness. The analysis mentioned that the rising frequency of HF/E issues at the workplace has all-inclusive and mutually exclusive implications for the employee. The study’s outcome can contribute to positive change in organizational productivity, product design and process design since scientific research on the gaps can facilitate advancement in knowledge.
Berberine Improves Histopathological Changes of Allergic Airway Inflammation in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Zaidi Syeda Tahira , Malik Mahwash , Sarfraz Javeria , Chiragh Sadia
Published: October 2023

Background and Objective: Berberine has anti-inflammatory properties through pathways that are also involved in asthma. Therefore, it is postulated that it will be effective in reducing airway inflammation in the allergic asthmatic model. The objective of the current study was to observe the effects of berberine on the histopathology of lungs in sensitized Guinea pigs and compare the changes with that of the standard drug, dexamethasone.

Methods: This experimental study was conducted at the Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan, from February 2016 to April 2016. Twenty-four healthy Guinea pigs were divided randomly into four groups: normal control, Ovalbumin (OVA ) group, OVA + berberine group, and OVA + dexa group. The last three groups were sensitized on days 0 and 14 and challenged on days 25, 26, and 27 with OVA. Berberine and dexamethasone were administered intraperitoneally to the respective groups before each challenge. The animals were then sacrificed on day 28 under anesthesia, lungs were dissected, and tissue samples were assessed microscopically for morphology and status of inflammation in each group. Data were analyzed by applying the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance test followed by the Mann Whitney U test using SPSS 20.

Results: The comparison of histopathological changes revealed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung airways was significantly higher (p-value ≤0.01) in the OVA group as compared to the normal control group. Both OVA + berberine and OVA + dexa groups showed a reduction in total lung inflammation (p-value ≤0.01 vs. OVA group) equally. The effect of berberine on epithelial changes was nonsignificant (p-value 0.206 vs. OVA group), while dexamethasone showed significant improvement as compared to the OVA group (p-value 0.007). However, the difference between berberine and dexamethasone treatment was nonsignificant (p-value ≤0.05).

Conclusion: It was concluded that berberine improved the histopathological score of lung inflammation in sensitized Guinea pigs, equivalent to that of dexamethasone, with lesser effects on epithelial changes.
Socio-Demographic Factors are Linked to Oral Hygiene Index (CPITN Index) - A Study from Rural Setting in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Riwan , Akram Anam , Khan Nousheen , Batool Syed Midhat , Ali Muhammad , Rasheed Dil , Sajid Mustafa
Published: October 2023

Background and Objective: Oral health is significantly impacted by an individual’s social interactions and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between oral health status and socio-demographic factors, in particular, monthly income and level of education, of a rural community in Pakistan.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted among n = 380 people from the Jahangirabad community of Multan from July 2021 to September 2021. A validated questionnaire was designed to be filled by the subjects or the researchers in case of low literacy levels. Two qualified oro-dental examiners assessed all the subjects for their oral health status by using the community periodontal index of the treatment needs (CPITN index).

Results: There were 209 males and 171 females. As regards the status of education, 27% of the subjects had no formal education, 21% of respondents were primary (5th grade) pass, 31.9% attended secondary school, 10.7% got higher secondary school education, whereas 9.4% of respondents had passed the college/university examination. The majority of the participants (46.7%) had income within the range of 10,000-20,000 Pakistani rupees per month, whereas only 12.8% of subjects reported earning more than Rs. 50,000 per month. No significant association was found between average monthly income and oral health status; however, the CPITN score and the higher level of education (high school and college/university) showed a significant association (p-value = 0.012).

Conclusion: Level of education, independent of socioeconomic status, is identified as a potential risk factor for poor oral health status among the rural community in Pakistan. Dental practitioners should consider enhancing timely screening and awareness campaigns, especially within this specific class of community, to improve oral health outcomes.