bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Organic Ammonium Counterion Effect on Slow Magnetic Relaxation of the [Er(hfac)4]− Complexes
Authors: Prokhorova Tatiana G. , Korchagin Denis V. , Shilov Gennady V. , Dmitriev Alexei I. , Zhidkov Mikhail V. , Yagubskii Eduard B.
Published: June 2023

The first mononuclear anionic erbium complex [Er(hfac)4]− (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetone) with an organic ammonium cation [(CH3)4N+] as the counterion was synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized. The coordination geometries around the Er ions are square antiprisms with pseudo-D4d symmetry. The complex shows distinct field-induced slow magnetization relaxation, which is described by a combination of Orbach (Ueff/kB~28.54(8) K.) and direct mechanisms. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to analyze the magnetic properties of the complex under consideration.
Short Memory-Based Human Strategy Modeling in Social Dilemmas
Authors: Yang Xiang-Hao , Huang Hui-Yun , Zhang Yi-Chao , Wang Jia-Sheng , Guan Ji-Hong , Zhou Shui-Geng
Published: June 2023

Human decision-making processes are complex. It is thus challenging to mine human strategies from real games in social networks. To model human strategies in social dilemmas, we conducted a series of human subject experiments in which the temporal two-player non-cooperative games among 1092 players were intensively investigated. Our goal is to model the individuals’ moves in the next round based on the information observed in each round. Therefore, the developed model is a strategy model based on short-term memory. Due to the diversity of user strategies, we first cluster players’ behaviors to aggregate them with similar strategies for the following modeling. Through behavior clustering, our observations show that the performance of the tested binary strategy models can be highly promoted in the largest behavior groups. Our results also suggest that no matter whether in the classical mode or the dissipative mode, the influence of individual accumulated payoffs on individual behavior is more significant than the gaming result of the last round. This result challenges a previous consensus that individual moves largely depend on the gaming result of the last round. Therefore, our model provides a novel perspective for understanding the evolution of human altruistic behavior.
Subdomination in Graphs with Upper-Bounded Vertex Degree
Authors: Lemtyuzhnikova Darya , Chebotarev Pavel , Goubko Mikhail , Kudinov Ilja , Shushko Nikita
Published: June 2023

We find a lower bound for the k-subdomination number on the set of graphs with a given upper bound for vertex degrees. We study the cases where the proposed lower bound is sharp, construct the optimal graphs and indicate the corresponding k-subdominating functions. The results are interpreted in terms of social structures.
Optimizing Distribution Routes for Chain Supermarket Considering Carbon Emission Cost
Authors: Zhang Changlu , Tang Liqian , Zhang Jian , Gou Liming
Published: June 2023

The low-carbon economy and sustainable development have become a widespread consensus. Chain supermarkets should pay attention to path optimization in the process of distribution to reduce carbon emissions. This study takes chain supermarkets as the research object, focusing on the optimization of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) in supermarket store distribution. Firstly, based on the concept of cost-effectiveness, we constructed a green and low-carbon distribution route optimization model with the lowest cost. With cost minimization as the objective function, the total distribution cost in the vehicle delivery process includes fixed cost, transportation cost, and carbon emission cost. The carbon emission cost is calculated using the carbon tax mechanism. Secondly, through integrating the Floyd algorithm, the nearest neighbor algorithm, and the insertion algorithm, a fusion heuristic algorithm was proposed for model solving, and an empirical study was conducted using the W chain supermarket in Wuhan as an example. The experimental results show that optimizing distribution routes considering carbon emission cost can effectively reduce carbon emissions. At the same time, it can also reduce the total costs of enterprises and society, thereby achieving greater social benefits at lower costs. The research results provide effective suggestions for chain supermarkets to control carbon emissions during the distribution process.
Study on Dynamic Behavior of a Stochastic Predator–Prey System with Beddington–DeAngelis Functional Response and Regime Switching
Authors: Wang Quan , Zu Li , Jiang Daqing , O’Regan Donal
Published: June 2023

In this paper, by introducing environmental white noise and telegraph noise, we proposed a stochastic predator–prey model with the Beddington–DeAngelis type functional response and investigated its dynamical behavior. Persistence and extinction are two core contents of population model research, so we analyzed these two properties. The sufficient conditions of the strong persistence in the mean and extinction were established and the threshold between them was obtained. Moreover, we took stability into account and, by means of structuring a suitable Lyapunov function with regime switching, we proved that the stochastic system has a unique stationary distribution. Finally, numerical simulations were used to illustrate our theoretical results.
Pricing and Carbon-Emission-Reduction Decisions under the BOPS Mode with Low-Carbon Preference from Customers
Authors: Wang Han , Pang Chuan , Tang Huajun
Published: June 2023

The need to mitigate the impacts of climate change has been a worldwide consensus. Cap and trade regulations have been introduced to make the world achieve carbon peaks and neutrality. There are also growing concerns regarding low carbon management. Considering both cap and trade regulations and low-carbon preferences from customers, this study focuses on reducing carbon emissions and pricing decisions in the dual-channel supply chain based on game theory. Furthermore, it analyzes the effects of low-carbon preference (LCP) on emission-reduction efforts and the profits of supply chain members. Finally, it investigates the impact of promoting low-carbon products on optimal decisions and profits. The results conclude that (1) the growth of customers’ LCP level motivates the manufacturer to have more investment in emission reduction with the BOPS unit compensation or full-sales transfer mode; (2) the increase in customers’ LCP level would benefit the supply chain members; (3) the joint emission-reduction strategy can strengthen the positive impact of LCP level on the manufacturer’s emission-reduction effort and the profits supply chain members; and (4) the joint emission-reduction strategy is preferable for the supply chain members compared to the single emission-reduction strategy. However, the joint emission strategy is not always better than the single emission strategy with respect to the selling price. Finally, it provides managerial implications for decision-makers and potential issues for future research.
Developing a Robust Bioventing Model
Authors: Khodabakhshi Soureshjani Mohammad , Zytner Richard G.
Published: June 2023

Bioventing is a widely recognized technique for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. In this study, the objective was to identify an optimal mathematical model that balances accuracy and ease of implementation. A comprehensive review of various models developed for bioventing was conducted wherein the advantages and disadvantages of each model were evaluated and compared regarding the different numerical methods used to solve relevant bioventing equations. After investigating the various assumptions and methods from the literature, an improved foundational bioventing model was developed that characterizes gas flow in unsaturated zones where water and non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) are present and immobile, accounting for interphase mass transfer and biodegradation, incorporating soil properties through a rate constant correlation. The proposed model was solved using the finite volume method in OpenFOAM, an independent dimensional open-source coding toolbox. The preliminary simulation results of a simple case indicate good agreement with the exact analytical solution of the same equations. This improved bioventing model has the potential to enhance predictions of the remediation process and support the development of efficient remediation strategies for petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Case-Control Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Greece
Authors: Mitta Kyriaki , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Dagklis Themistoklis , Grigoriadou Riola , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Kalogiannidis Ioannis
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an obstetrical emergency and although the mortality rate from PPH has decreased, it is still considered a challenge in obstetrics. This study aimed to estimate the rate of primary PPH, as well as to investigate the potential risk factors and management options. Material and methods: This was a retrospective case-control study of all cases with PPH (blood loss > 500 mL, irrespective of the mode of delivery) managed in the Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, from 2015 to 2021. The ratio of cases to controls was estimated to be 1:1. The chi-squared test was used to examine if there was any relationship between several variables and PPH, while subgroup multivariate logistic regression analyses of certain causes of PPH were also conducted. Results: During the study period, from a total of 8545 births, 219 (2.5%) pregnancies were complicated with PPH. A maternal age > 35 years (OR: 2.172; 95% CI: 1.206–3.912; p = 0.010), preterm delivery (<37 weeks) (OR: 5.090; 95% CI: 2.869–9.030; p < 0.001) and parity (OR: 1.701; 95% CI: 1.164–2.487; p = 0.006) were identified as risk factors for PPH. Uterine atony was the main cause of PPH in 54.8% of the women, followed by placental retention in 30.5% of the sample. Regarding management, 57.9% (n = 127) of the women received uterotonic medication, while in 7.3% (n = 16), a cesarean hysterectomy was performed to control PPH. Preterm delivery (OR: 2.162; 95% CI: 1.138–4.106; p = 0.019) and delivery via a cesarean section (OR: 4.279; 95% CI: 1.921–9.531; p < 0.001) were associated with a higher need for multiple treatment modalities. Prematurity (OR: 8.695; 95% CI: 2.324–32.527; p = 0.001) was identified as an independent predictor for an obstetric hysterectomy. From the retrospective analysis of the births complicated by PPH, no maternal death was identified. Conclusions: Most of the cases complicated with PPH were managed with uterotonic medication. An advanced maternal age, prematurity and multiparity had a significant impact on the occurrence of PPH. More research is needed on the risk factors of PPH, while the establishment of validated predictive models would be of value.
Effect of the Combination of Probiotics and Korean Red Ginseng on Diabetic Wound Healing Exposed to Diesel Exhaust Particles(DEPs)
Authors: An Hye Min , Choi Young Suk , Bae Sung Kyoung , Lee Young Koo
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are a major component of air pollution and adversely affect respiratory and cardiovascular disease and diabetic foot ulcers if diabetic patients are exposed to them. There are currently no studies on treating diabetic wounds exposed to DEPs. So, the effect of a combination of probiotics and Korean red ginseng on a diabetic wound model exposed to DEPs was confirmed. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups according to DEP inhalation concentration and whether they underwent applications of probiotics (PB) and Korean red ginseng (KRG). Wound tissue was collected from all rats, and wound healing was evaluated using molecular biology and histology methods. Results: The wound size of all groups decreased over time, but there was no significant difference. As a result of the molecular biology experiment, the expression of NF-κB p65 on day 7 was significantly higher in group 2 than in the normal control group. As a result of histological analysis, unlike the primary control group, it was confirmed that granule tissue was formed on the 14th day in the normal control group and group 2. Conclusions: The findings in this study suggest that combined treatment with PB and KRG can promote the healing of DEP-exposed diabetic wounds.
Comparison of the Efficiency of Selected Disinfectants against Planktonic and Biofilm Populations of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Todorić Olja , Pezo Lato , Šarić Ljubiša , Kolarov Violeta , Varga Ana , Čabarkapa Ivana , Kocić-Tanackov Sunčica
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of selected food disinfectants on planktonic populations of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and on the same microorganisms (MOs) incorporated in a biofilm. Two disinfectants were used for treatment: peracetic acid-based disinfectant (P) and benzalkonium chloride-based disinfectant (D). Testing of their efficacy on the selected MO populations was performed using a quantitative suspension test. The standard colony counting procedure was used to determine their efficacy on bacterial suspensions in tryptone soy agar (TSA). The germicidal effect (GE) of the disinfectants was determined based on the decimal reduction ratio. For both MOs, 100% GE was achieved at the lowest concentration (0.1%) and after the shortest exposure time (5 min). Biofilm production was confirmed with a crystal violet test on microtitre plates. Both E. coli and S. aureus showed strong biofilm production at 25 °C with E. coli showing significantly higher adherence capacity. Both disinfectants show a significantly weaker GE on 48 h biofilms compared to the GE observed after application of the same concentrations on planktonic cells of the same MOs. Complete destruction of the viable cells of the biofilms was observed after 5 min of exposure to the highest concentration tested (2%) for both disinfectants and MOs tested. The anti-quorum sensing activity (anti-QS) of disinfectants P and D was determined via a qualitative disc diffusion method applied to the biosensor bacterial strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. The results obtained indicate that the disinfectants studied have no anti-QS effect. The inhibition zones around the disc therefore only represent their antimicrobial effect.
Hospital-Acquired Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: An Observational Study
Authors: Aldali Hamzah J. , Khan Azra , Alshehri Abdullah A. , Aldali Jehad A. , Meo Sultan Ayoub , Hindi Ali , Elsokkary Emadeldin M.
Published: June 2023

Worldwide, hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are continuously rising within healthcare settings, leading to high mortality and morbidity rates. Many hospitals have reported the spread of carbapenemases globally, specifically within the E. coli and K. pneumoniae species. This study was aimed at analyzing the state of hospital-acquired, carbapenem-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae in the United Kingdom between 2009 and 2021. Moreover, the study analyzed the most efficacious approaches to patient management for controlling the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) spread. Initially, 1094 articles were identified as relevant for screening, and among them, 49 papers were eligible for full-text screening, with a total of 14 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The information was recorded from published articles through PubMed, the Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and the Cochrane library and was used to search for hospital-acquired carbapenem-resistant E. coli and K pneumoniae in the UK between 2009 and 2021, in order to evaluate the spread of CRE in hospitals. The total number of carbapenem-resistant E. coli was 1083 and this was 2053 for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae in more than 63 UK hospitals. KPC was the dominant carbapenemase produced by K. pneumoniae. The results showed that the treatment options considered depended on the type of carbapenemase produced; K. pneumoniae showed more resistance to a treatment options, i.e., Colistin, than the other carbapenemase. The current state of the UK is at minimal risk for a CRE outbreak; however, appropriate treatment and infection control measures are highly required to prevent this CRE spread at the regional and global levels. The present study findings have an important message for physicians, healthcare workers, and policymakers about hospital-acquired carbapenem-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae spread and approaches to patient management.
Role of Rahnella aquatilis AZO16M2 in Phosphate Solubilization and Ex Vitro Acclimatization of Musa acuminata var. Valery
Authors: Landa-Acuña Daniela , Toro Marcia , Santos-Mendoza Ricardo , Zúñiga-Dávila Doris
Published: June 2023

Rahnella aquatilis AZO16M2, was characterized for its phosphate solubilization capacity to improve the establishment and survival of Musa acuminata var. Valery seedlings under ex-acclimation. Three phosphorus sources (Rock Phosphate (RF), Ca3(PO4)2 and K2HPO4) and two types of substrate (sand:vermiculite (1:1) and Premix N°8) were selected. The factorial analysis of variance (p < 0.05) showed that R. aquatilis AZO16M2 (OQ256130) solubilizes Ca3(PO4)2 in solid medium, with a Solubilization Index (SI) of 3.77 at 28 °C (pH 6.8). In liquid medium, it was observed that R. aquatilis produced 29.6 mg/L soluble P (pH 4.4), and synthesized organic acids (oxalic, D-gluconic, 2-ketogluconic and malic), Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) (33.90 ppm) and siderophores (+). Additionally, acid and alkaline phosphatases (2.59 and 2.56 µg pNP/mL/min) were detected. The presence of the pyrroloquinoline-quinone (PQQ) cofactor gene was confirmed. After inoculating AZO16M2 to M. acuminata in sand:vermiculite with RF, the chlorophyll content was 42.38 SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development). Aerial fresh weight (AFW), aerial dry weight (ADW) and root dry weight (RDW) were superior to the control by 64.15%, 60.53% and 43.48%, respectively. In Premix N°8 with RF and R. aquatilis, 8.91% longer roots were obtained, with 35.58% and 18.76% more AFW and RFW compared with the control as well as 94.45 SPAD. With Ca3(PO4)2, values exceeded the control by 14.15% RFW, with 45.45 SPAD. Rahnella aquatilis AZO16M2 favored the ex-climatization of M. acuminata through improving seedling establishment and survival.
Bioactivity Screening and Chemical Characterization of Biocompound from Endophytic Neofusicoccum parvum and Buergenerula spartinae Isolated from Mangrove Ecosystem
Authors: Cadamuro Rafael Dorighello , Bastos Isabela Maria Agustini da Silveira , de Freitas Ana Claudia Oliveira , Rosa Marilene da Silva , Costa Geovanna de Oliveira , da Silva Izabella Thaís , Robl Diogo , Stoco Patricia Hermes , Sandjo Louis Pergaud , Treichel Helen , Steindel Mário , Fongaro Gislaine
Published: June 2023

The discovery of biomolecules has been the subject of extensive research for several years due to their potential to combat harmful pathogens that can lead to environmental contamination and infections in both humans and animals. This study aimed to identify the chemical profile of endophytic fungi, namely Neofusicoccum parvum and Buergenerula spartinae, which were isolated from Avecinnia schaueriana and Laguncularia racemosa. We identified several HPLC-MS compounds, including Ethylidene-3,39-biplumbagin, Pestauvicolactone A, Phenylalanine, 2-Isopropylmalic acid, Fusaproliferin, Sespendole, Ansellone, Calanone derivative, Terpestacin, and others. Solid-state fermentation was conducted for 14–21 days, and methanol and dichloromethane extraction were performed to obtain a crude extract. The results of our cytotoxicity assay revealed a CC50 value > 500 μg/mL, while the virucide, Trypanosoma, leishmania, and yeast assay demonstrated no inhibition. Nevertheless, the bacteriostatic assay showed a 98% reduction in Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Our findings suggest that these endophytic fungi species with distinct chemical profiles represent a promising niche for further exploring new biomolecules.
Marketing Two Immunization Services at a Regional Supermarket Chain Pharmacy
Authors: Hedden Megan A. , Liu Yifei , Kuehl Peggy G. , Oprinovich Sarah M.
Published: June 2023

Background: Personal selling of immunization services includes starting a dialogue with patients, utilizing effective questioning and listening skills to identify their vaccination needs, and recommending appropriate vaccines accordingly. The study objectives were (1) to integrate personal selling into the dispensing workflow to promote pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), and (2) to evaluate the impact of personal selling and automated telephone calls to promote herpes zoster vaccine (ZVL). Methods: For the first study objective, a pilot project was conducted at one out of 19 affiliated supermarket pharmacies. Dispensing records were used to target patients with diabetes mellitus for PPSV23, and personal selling was implemented over a 3-month period. For the second study objective, a full study was conducted among the nineteen pharmacies, with five in the study group and 14 in the control group. Personal selling was implemented over a 9-month period, and automated telephone calls were placed and tracked over a 6-week period. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare vaccine delivery rates between the study and control groups. Results: In the pilot project, 47 patients needed PPSV23, but none received it from the pharmacy. In the full study, 900 ZVL vaccines were given, with 459 given for 15.5% of the eligible patients in the study group. During the time when 2087 automated telephone calls were placed and tracked, 85 vaccines were given across all pharmacies, with 48 given for 1.6% of the eligible patients in the study group. During both the 9-month and 6-week periods, the mean ranks of vaccine delivery rates in the study group were higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The pilot project incorporated personal selling into the dispensing workflow and, although no vaccines were given, provided valuable lessons. The full study demonstrated that personal selling alone and personal selling combined with automated telephone calls were associated with higher vaccine delivery rates.
Counselling for Chronic Insomnia in Swiss Pharmacies: A Survey Study Based on Case Vignettes
Authors: Mulder Fanny , Löwinger Dimitri , Jenkinson Stephen P. , Kaiser Estelle , Scharf Tamara , Maire Micheline , Duss Simone , Bassetti Claudio , Heinzer Raphaël , Auer Reto , Meyer-Massetti Carla
Published: June 2023

(1) Introduction: Chronic insomnia (CI) reduces quality of life and may trigger depression and cardiovascular diseases. The European Sleep Research Society recommends cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-I) as the first-line treatment. Because a recent study in Switzerland demonstrated that this recommendation was inconsistently followed by primary care physicians, we hypothesised that pharmacists also deviate from these guidelines. The aim of this study is to describe current treatment practices for CI recommended by pharmacists in Switzerland, compare them to guidelines and examine their attitudes towards CBT-I. (2) Methods: A structured survey was sent to all the members of the Swiss Pharmacists Association, containing three clinical vignettes describing typical CI pharmacy clients. Treatments had to be prioritised. The prevalence of CI, and the pharmacists’ knowledge and interest in CBT-I were assessed. (3) Results: Of 1523 pharmacies, 123 pharmacists (8%) completed the survey. Despite large variations, valerian (96%), relaxation therapy (94%) and other phytotherapies (85%) were most recommended. Although most pharmacists did not know about CBT-I (72%) and only 10% had recommended it, most were very interested (64%) in education. Missing financial compensation hampers the recommendation of CBT-I. (4) Conclusions: Contrary to existing European guidelines, community pharmacists in Switzerland mostly recommended valerian, relaxation therapy and other phytotherapies for treating CI. This might be connected to the client’s expectation of pharmacy services, e.g., medication dispensing. While pharmacists recommend sleep hygiene regularly, most did not know of CBT-I as an overarching concept but were willing to learn. Future studies should test the effects of dedicated training about CI and changes in the financial compensation for counselling for CI in pharmacies.
Rotational Bloch Boundary Conditions and the Finite-Element Implementation in Photonic Devices
Authors: Wang Zhanwen , Wang Jingwei , Liu Lida , Chen Yuntian
Published: June 2023

This article described the implementation of rotational Bloch boundary conditions in photonic devices using the finite element method (FEM). For the electromagnetic analysis of periodic structures, FEM and Bloch boundary conditions are now widely used. The vast majority of recent research, however, focused on applying Bloch boundary conditions to periodic optical systems with translational symmetry. Our research focused on a flexible numerical method that may be applied to the mode analysis of any photonic device with discrete rotational symmetry. By including the Bloch rotational boundary conditions into FEM, we were able to limit the computational domain to the original one periodic unit, thus enhancing computational speed and decreasing memory consumption. When combined with the finite-element method, rotational Bloch boundary conditions will give a potent tool for the mode analysis of photonic devices with complicated structures and rotational symmetry. In the meantime, the degenerated modes we calculated were consistent with group theory. Overall, this study expands the numerical tools of studying rotational photonic devices, and has useful applications in the study and design of optical fibers, sensors, and other photonic devices.
Effect of Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Ginger Starch
Authors: Wang Yu-Ching , Liang Ya-Ching , Huang Fu-Long , Chang Wen-Chang
Published: June 2023

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) starch is a waste product generated during the extraction of bioactive compounds from ginger. This study aimed to treat ginger starch with different freeze–thaw cycles and explore the effect on the functional components, physicochemical properties, and structural properties of ginger starch. The results of the study showed that as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased, the content of resistant starch, amylose, total starch, and recrystallization in ginger starch increased significantly (p < 0.05). Freeze-dried ginger starch exhibited a C-type crystal structure in the X-ray diffraction pattern. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results also showed that the value of A1047/1022 increased, indicating that the freeze–thaw cycle would increase the degree of starch recrystallization. In terms of physical and chemical properties, compared with gelatinized starch, freeze–thawed starch had low swelling power, high solubility, low peak viscosity and breakdown, indicating higher thermal stability. In conclusion, freeze–thaw treatment can promote the formation of resistant starch from ginger starch and reduce starch hydrolysis, reflecting the potential of low–GI foods. We hope that ginger starch can be used as a raw material for new applications in functional foods.
Latest Advances in Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Plants
Authors: Barrasso Martina , Langella Giuseppe , Amoresano Amedeo , Iodice Paolo
Published: June 2023

To address the growing problem of pollution and global warming, it is necessary to steer the development of innovative technologies towards systems with minimal carbon dioxide production. Thermal storage plays a crucial role in solar systems as it bridges the gap between resource availability and energy demand, thereby enhancing the economic viability of the system and ensuring energy continuity during periods of usage. Thermal energy storage methods consist of sensible heat storage, which involves storing energy using temperature differences; latent heat storage, which utilizes the latent heat of phase change materials; and thermochemical heat storage, which utilizes reversible chemical reactions through thermochemical materials. The objective of this review paper is to explore significant research contributions that focus on practical applications and scientific aspects of thermal energy storage materials and procedures. For each type of storage, different materials have been examined, taking into consideration the most recent studies, both for medium and long-term storage and, when possible, comparing methodologies for the same purpose. It has been observed that TCHS systems have the potential to reduce the volume of chemical storage tanks by 34 times using chemical reactions. Among the SHS materials, water, molten salts, and graphite exhibit the highest energy density, with graphite also possessing remarkable thermal conductivity. Nanoparticles can enhance the thermophysical properties of TES materials by increasing their thermal conductivity and wettability and improving intermolecular characteristics. The use of biobased PCMs for applications that do not require very high temperatures allows for maximizing the efficiency of such storage systems.
Jesus and the Cross-Centered Spirituality of the Reformation and Later Protestantism
Authors: Lane Calvin
Published: June 2023

For all the important theological and practical diversity which emerged during the sixteenth century and later, a diversity whose legacies are still present in the forms of divided Christian bodies to this day, a uniquely medieval fascination with the cross endured. The reformation movements of the sixteenth century and later Protestants developed various ascetical programs and theological perspectives which were concerned with two well-worn medieval patterns: an appropriation of Jesus’s work of atonement on the cross and an internalizing of the crucified Jesus as an exemplar. Thus, if we question the kind of role Jesus played in the spirituality of the Reformation era and later Protestantism, the answer must be the cross. This cruci-centrism appears in theologies of salvation, in sermons, prayers, and hymnody, in perceptions of Christian devotional art, and in varied conceptions of the Eucharist.
Two Fe-Zr-B-Cu Nanocrystalline Magnetic Alloys Produced by Mechanical Alloying Technique
Authors: Daza Jason , Ben Mbarek Wael , Escoda Lluisa , Saurina Joan , Suñol Joan-Josep
Published: June 2023

Fe-rich soft magnetic alloys are candidates for applications as magnetic sensors and actuators. Spring magnets can be obtained when these alloys are added to hard magnetic compounds. In this work, two nanocrystalline Fe-Zr-B-Cu alloys are produced by mechanical alloying, MA. The increase in boron content favours the reduction of the crystalline size. Thermal analysis (by differential scanning calorimetry) shows that, in the temperature range compressed between 450 and 650 K, wide exothermic processes take place, which are associated with the relaxation of the tensions of the alloys produced by MA. At high temperatures, a main crystallisation peak is found. A Kissinger and an isoconversional method were used to determine the apparent activation of the exothermic processes. The values are compared with those found in the scientific literature. Likewise, adapted thermogravimetry allowed for the determination of the Curie temperature. The functional response has been analysed by hysteresis loop cycles. According to the composition, the decrease of the Fe/B ratio diminishes the soft magnetic behaviour.
Effect of 3-Carene and the Micellar Formulation on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis
Authors: Silva Audrey Rouse Soares Tavares , Costa Amanda Mendonça Barros , Scher Ricardo , Andrade-Neto Valter Viana , Sarmento Victor Hugo Vitorino , Santos Adriana de Jesus , Torres-Santos Eduardo Caio , Jain Sona , Nunes Rogéria de Souza , Menna-Barreto Rubem Figueiredo Sadok , Dolabella Silvio Santana
Published: June 2023

Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The drugs used in treatment have a high financial cost, a long treatment time, high toxicity, and variable efficacy. 3-Carene (3CR) is a hydrocarbon monoterpene that has shown in vitro activity against some Leishmania species; however, it has low water solubility and high volatility. This study aimed to develop Poloxamer 407 micelles capable of delivering 3CR (P407-3CR) to improve antileishmanial activity. The micelles formulated presented nanometric size, medium or low polydispersity, and Newtonian fluid rheological behavior. 3CR and P407-3CR inhibited the growth of L. (L.) amazonensis promastigote with IC50/48h of 488.1 ± 3.7 and 419.9 ±1.5 mM, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that 3CR induces multiple nuclei and kinetoplast phenotypes and the formation of numerous cytosolic invaginations. Additionally, the micelles were not cytotoxic to L929 cells or murine peritoneal macrophages, presenting activity on intracellular amastigotes. P407-3CR micelles (IC50/72 h = 0.7 ± 0.1 mM) increased the monoterpene activity by at least twice (3CR: IC50/72 h >1.5 mM). These results showed that P407 micelles are an effective nanosystem for delivering 3CR and potentiating antileishmanial activity. More studies are needed to evaluate this system as a potential therapeutic option for leishmaniases.
Innovative Use of Olive, Winery and Cheese Waste By-Products as Novel Ingredients in Weaned Pigs Nutrition
Authors: Magklaras Georgios , Skoufos Ioannis , Bonos Eleftherios , Tsinas Anastasios , Zacharis Christos , Giavasis Ioannis , Petrotos Kostas , Fotou Konstantina , Nikolaou Konstantina , Vasilopoulou Konstantina , Giannenas Ιlias , Tzora Athina
Published: June 2023

New sustainable sources of feeds, which can enhance the health and welfare of farm animals, lower feeding costs, and lead to safer products, are of high priority in modern animal production systems. In the present study, a novel silage created from Greek olive, winery, and feta cheese waste by-products, was evaluated as a feed ingredient at different inclusion rates (0%, 5% or 10%) in 34-day-old weaned pigs. The potential beneficial effects on performance, health and intestinal digesta microflora balance of the pigs were evaluated. Additionally, chemical, microbiological and quality analysis of the meat was carried out. Results showed no detrimental effects (p > 0.05) on the pigs’ performance and no significant changes (p > 0.05) in meat pH, color and chemical analysis. Ileum and cecum microflora populations (total anaerobes, Lactobacillaceae) were positively affected (p ≤ 0.05) by the dietary usage of the silage. The microbial populations (Clostridium spp.) of belly meat cuts were positively modified (p ≤ 0.01). The concentration of total phenols in the meat cuts were increased (p ≤ 0.05) and their resistance to oxidation was improved (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, the fatty acid profile of the meat lipids (polyunsaturated and n-3 fatty acids) was positively modified (p ≤ 0.001).
On-Farm Food Loss: Farmer Perspectives on Food Waste
Authors: Campbell David , Dixon Kate
Published: June 2023

Although food waste is a widely discussed topic, most efforts have focused on consumers, with on-farm food loss receiving little attention. Our pilot study in California revealed the variability and complexity of reasons for on-farm food loss, many of which farmers cannot control. Interviewees spoke of market volatility and unpredictable weather as key contributors to loss, noting that much lost food is repurposed on-farm rather than ending up in a landfill. On the basis of our findings, we identify potential strategies for better aligning food recovery efforts with farmer limitations and needs and make suggestions for the role Extension can play in research and food recovery efforts.
Graphically Communicating Hay Test Results—A Tale of Two Nutrients
Authors: Gadberry Shane , Beck Paul
Published: June 2023

Our purpose with this article is to share the benefit of using a scatter plot created from hay test results for total digestible nutrients and protein to teach livestock producers four important forage and feeding concepts. The concepts are that a producer's hay is likely not of average quality, nutrients are not independent, hay quality varies on individual farms and across farms, and supplemental feed needs vary according to animal nutrient requirements and fall within one of four categories. Overall, our "tale of two nutrients" tool has served us well as an effective visual aid that can be adapted to meet local needs.
Defining Mob Grazing in the Upper Midwestern United States
Authors: Gurda Anders , Renz Mark , Brink Geoffrey
Published: June 2023

Mob grazing has emerged as an increasingly used management strategy on pasture-based farms throughout the country; however, the practice lacks clear definition among practitioners. We conducted a survey of livestock and dairy producers using some form of rotational grazing in the upper midwestern United States (N = 155) to gather producer-generated definitions, perceptions of benefits and disadvantages, and implementation strategies for mob grazing. The results describe a practice defined by variability and associated with compelling impacts. Implementation of mob grazing differed among producers, although most used it as a strategic tool and not a rigid management strategy.
Latinos Living Well—A Diabetes Education Program for Rural-Residing Latinos
Authors: Keane Michelle , Francis Sarah
Published: June 2023

Diabetes is a health issue for many Latinos. Extension can help provide diabetes self-management education for rural-residing Latinos. In a pilot study, we evaluated the Extension-delivered diabetes program Latinos Living Well (LLW), as provided to 76 rural-residing Latino adults in a midwestern state. LLW consists of four weekly lessons that include hands-on activities and cooking practicums. Participants completed diabetes self-management, self-efficacy, and knowledge questionnaires; significant (p ≤ .05) changes from before to after the program were detected for each outcome measure. Additionally, participants viewed LLW favorably. Results suggest that LLW is an effective, culturally relevant diabetes self-management education program for Latinos and is appropriate for Extension delivery.
Coming to Grips with the Way the World Works
Authors: Ballard Karen , Nix Kelly
Published: June 2023

Extension finds itself in a cultural phenomenon known as disruptive change. Clientele increasingly access products and services digitally and in real time. This digital revolution challenges historical methods that have served Extension for over 100 years. Extension's response going forward may stem or even reverse current organizational decline. The Joint Council of Extension Professionals responded to member feedback in 2017 by hosting a virtual town hall meeting (VTHM), initiating a national conversation on innovation and change. The VTHM produced provocative discussions regarding the potential use of digital tools to increase Extension's relevance and value. In this commentary, we reflect on the implications of those discussions.
Recommendations for the Creation of a Center for Citizen Science
Authors: Blair Robert , Fortson Lucy , Anderson Abigail , Strauss Andrea
Published: June 2023

The explosive growth of citizen science has led to myriad independent projects in Minnesota and beyond. Here, we examine whether the field of citizen science would benefit from a center to coordinate efforts and help citizen science practitioners. We present results of a focus group–based needs assessment involving 52 practitioners active in citizen science. The main conclusions are that establishment of a center for citizen science would benefit efforts and that a statewide center should serve multiple functions. Though this process focused on Minnesota, we believe our findings and recommendations are applicable to and would benefit Extension efforts anywhere.
Taking the Leap: Exploring a Theory of Program Innovation
Authors: Meyer Rebecca , Meyer Nathan , Katras Mary
Published: June 2023

Innovation in Extension is often referred to as something tangible, such as a new resource or technique or new concepts. However, these things result from a program innovation process. In this article, we elaborate a grounded theory of how this process unfolds in the context of Extension. Through analysis of data from a national survey of practitioners from innovative programs, a panel presentation, and interviews with faculty at the University of Minnesota, we describe seven factors that influence what prompts innovation and how the process tends to unfold. We synthesize a capitals-based conceptual model and discuss implications for diagnosing and strengthening program innovation.
Innovate Extension Events: Creating Space for Innovation in Extension
Authors: Wolfe Danae , Seger Jamie , Raison Brian , Dallin Joshua , Doll Amelia , Edmunds Brooke , Hill Paul , Francis Dave , Bertsch Bob
Published: June 2023

Extension professionals are being challenged to innovate their work, yet day-to-day responsibilities do not always allow time or space for creativity and innovation. In early 2016, Ohio State University Extension held its inaugural Innovate Extension event, a hackathon-style gathering focused on creative collaboration during which teams competed for grant funds by developing an idea, plan, and pitch over the course of a day. Turnout exceeded expectations, and participants gave high marks to the experience. Due to the event's success, additional Innovate Extension events have been hosted at North Dakota State University, Utah State University, and Oregon State University. This article provides highlights and outcomes.
Disruptive Innovation: How Washington State University Is Reaching Urban Audiences
Authors: Gaolach Brad , Aitken Martha , Gromko Anthony
Published: June 2023

Washington State University (WSU) is redefining how Extension works in urban areas. Its Metropolitan Center for Applied Research and Extension (Metro Center) engages nontraditional Extension audiences using an innovative business model that focuses on short-term projects instead of long-term programs. Outcome-driven, client-centered, and solution-oriented, the Metro Center works to develop practical, place-based solutions by being a conduit between metropolitan decision makers and WSU faculty expertise across the state. In this article, we present a case study centered on the conditions and opportunities leading to the Metro Center's formation, the center's entrepreneurial business model, and center projects that allow Extension to reach new audiences.
Grazing Demonstration Plots Help Managers Understand Grazing Concepts
Authors: Cook Jennifer
Published: June 2023

Grazing management concepts can be hard for learners to grasp in a classroom setting. A grazing demonstration plot is a useful field tool that Extension professionals can implement to visually illustrate how various grazing regimes affect grass health and yields. Specifically, the educator can show how forage harvest timing, frequency, and intensity affect aboveground plant biomass production. A grazing demonstration plot has become a tool of the trade for a small number of Extension professionals in Colorado's Front Range. As a result, land managers in the area have been better able to evaluate how to meet their own needs while considering the importance of addressing environmental impacts and stewarding the land for future generations.
The Hundred Most Cited Turkish Publications In Orthopedics And Traumatology Research
Authors: TOSYALI Hakan Koray , HANCIOĞLU Sertan , KAYA Hüseyin , GEM Kadir , KAÇMAZ Suat Emre
Published: June 2023

Purposes: This study aimed to classify and analyze the characteristics of the top 100 most cited articles published in journals of orthopedic surgery in Scopus and Web of Science which the first authors were Turkish and the institutions of the first authors were in Turkey.

Methods: Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for the 100 most frequently cited Turkısh orthopedics journal articles published between 1983 and 2020 using the keywords "Orthopaedics," "Orthopaedics and Traumatology," and "Turkey."

Results: The most 100 cited articles were all published in English and were published in 33 different journals identified using Web of Science and Scopus. ). The oldest of the most cited papers was published in 1992, and the most recent was published in 2017. The number of citations ranged from 271 in the first article to 52. 84 of the articles were conducted in university hospitals, 11 in training and research hospitals, and 5 in state hospitals, according to the findings. Istanbul was ranked first among the provinces, followed by Ankara and Izmir.

Conclusions: According to the results of our study, the list of the most cited 100 Turkısh articles is relevant for the Turkısh orthopedic community and general orthopedic scientific community according to our knowledge. Clinicians can use this study to improve the impact and citation of their future papers.
Cetoacidosis diabética: revisión de literatura
Authors: Villalobos Zúñiga Gerardo , Solano Guillén María Jesús , Vargas Cruz Ana Victoria
Published: June 2023

La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad que afecta a millones de personas hoy en día, presentando una gama de complicaciones, tanto crónicas como agudas. Una de las más importantes debido a la severidad del cuadro y complejidad del tratamiento es la cetoacidosis diabética (CAD). Dicho cuadro se puede llegar a dar tanto en pacientes conocidos diabéticos, como en pacientes que debutan con su enfermedad mediante una CAD; frecuentemente originada por un factor desencadenante. Dichos factores originan un desbalance en los requerimientos metabólicos del organismo ocasionando un desplazamiento hormonal que culmina en una deficiencia de insulina y un aumento de las hormonas contrarreguladoras. Es de primordial importancia reconocer la CAD la cual se va a presentar por la siguiente triada: a) hiperglucemia >300 mg/dl, b) acidosis metabólica con pH < 7.3, HCO3 <15 y cetonemia con cetonuria. Esta condición, presente predominantemente en casos de diabetes mellitus tipo 1, se caracteriza por alteraciones tanto metabólicas como electrolíticas las cuales pueden llegar a desencadenar un fallo mutiorgánico consecuente o incluso la muerte. Es por lo tanto de máxima importancia iniciar un tratamiento lo más eficaz y eficiente posible, basado en hidratación, disminución de la glicemia mediante la administración de insulina y corrección del resto de alteraciones metabólicas.