bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competitive and substrate limited environments drive metabolic heterogeneity for comammox Nitrospira
Authors: Martinez-Rabert Eloi , Smith Cindy J , Sloan William T , Gonzalez-Cabaleiro Rebeca
Published: August 2023

Nitrospira has been revealed as a high versatile genus. Although previously considered only responsible for the conversion of nitrite to nitrate, now we know that Nitrospira can perform complete ammonia oxidation to nitrate too (comammox). Comammox activity was firstly reported as dominant in extremely limited oxygen environments, where anaerobic ammonia oxidation was also occurring (anammox). To explain the comammox selection, we developed an Individual-based Model able to describe Nitrospira and anammox growth in suspended flocs assembled in a dynamic nitrogen and oxygen-limiting environment. All known and hypothesized nitrogen transformations of Nitrospira were considered: ammonia and nitrite oxidation, comammox, nitrate-reducing ammonia oxidation, and anaerobic nitrite-reducing ammonia oxidation. Through bioenergetics analysis, the growth yield associated to each activity was estimated. The other kinetic parameters necessary to describe growth were calibrated according to the reported literature values. Our modeling results suggest that even extremely low oxygen concentrations (~1.0 µM) allow for a proportional growth of anammox versus Nitrospira similar to the one experimentally observed. The strong oxygen limitation was followed by a limitation of ammonia and nitrite, because anammox, without strong competitors, were able to grow faster than Nitrospira depleting the environment in nitrogen. These substrate limitations created an extremely competitive environment that proved to be decisive in the community assembly of Nitrospira and anammox. Additionally, a diversity of metabolic activities for Nitrospira was observed in all tested conditions, which in turn, explained the transient nitrite accumulation observed in aerobic environments with higher ammonia availability.
Edible mushroom intake and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Cohort
Authors: Jung Hyein , Shin JiAe , Lim Kyungjoon , Shin Sangah
Published: August 2023

Moderate mushroom intake (1–3 servings per week) was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in men and women. In men who consumed mushroom, 0–3 servings per week was associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality.
Fabrication of PANI/MWCNT supercapacitors based on a chitosan binder and aqueous electrolyte for enhanced energy storage
Authors: Inci Yesilyurt Ezgi , Pionteck Jürgen , Simon Frank , Voit Brigitte
Published: August 2023

PANI/MWCNT electrode inks were developed with chitosan as an eco-friendly binder in water. Fabricated symmetric supercapacitors with PANI/MWCNT exhibited high specific capacitance and energy density suitable for sustainable energy storage applications.
Fabrication of a self-powered broadband photodetector by 50% replacement of Pb by Mg in the CH3NH3Pb0.5Mg0.5Cl2I perovskite lattice
Authors: B. Kumaar Swamy Reddy , Panda Smrutiranjan , Ramasamy Easwaramoorthi , Badhulika Sushmee , Veerappan Ganapathy , Borse Pramod H.
Published: August 2023

Methyl ammonium lead halide (MAPbX3) suffers from high toxicity of the Pb2+ cation leading to a major roadblock to its end-application. Replacement of Pb2+ MAPbX3 with Mg2+ would lower its toxicity.
Towards complete photonic band gap in a high refractive index nanoparticle-doped blue phase liquid crystal
Authors: Khatun Nurjahan , Sridurai Vimala , Nair Geetha G.
Published: August 2023

Experimental investigations supported by FEM simulations show that adding high-index nanoparticles increases the refractive index contrast of otherwise incomplete photonic band gap (PBG) Blue Phase I, driving it towards a complete PBG system.
Variable halide perovskites: diversification of anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Shi Yingrui , Zhao Shuangyi , Zhou Yong , Zang Zhigang
Published: August 2023

This review emphasizes how the dimensionality, coordination number and bond length of halide perovskites (HPs) regulate their photoluminescence. HPs have good application potential due to their sensitivity to light, solvent, heat etc., facilitating anti-counterfeiting and encryption/decryption.
Towards a prebiotic chemoton – nucleotide precursor synthesis driven by the autocatalytic formose reaction
Authors: Tran Quoc Phuong , Yi Ruiqin , Fahrenbach Albert C.
Published: August 2023

The synthesis of nucleotide precursors fuelled by the formose reaction, one of the most plausible forms of autocatalysis on the early Earth, is demonstrated, and the relevance to the chemoton model is discussed.
Base-mediated homologative rearrangement of nitrogen–oxygen bonds of N-methyl-N-oxyamides
Authors: Malik Monika , Senatore Raffaele , Langer Thierry , Holzer Wolfgang , Pace Vittorio
Published: August 2023

Due to the well known reactivity of C(O)–N functionalities towards canonical C1-homologating agents (e.g. carbenoids, diazomethane, ylides), resulting in the extrusion of the N-centered fragment en route to carbonyl compounds, formal C1-insertions within N–O bonds still remain obscure.
Solvent-dependent self-assembly of N-annulated perylene diimides. From dimers to supramolecular polymers
Authors: Naranjo Cristina , Doncel-Giménez Azahara , Gómez Rafael , Aragó Juan , Ortí Enrique , Sánchez Luis
Published: August 2023

The self-assembly of the N-annulated perylene diimide (NPBI) 1, conditioned by the formation of intramolecularly H-bonded pseudocycles, is investigated. NPBI 1 forms dimers in CHCl3 but chiral supramolecular polymers are detected in methylcyclohexane.
A freezing-tolerant superior proton conductive hydrogel comprised of sulfonated poly(ether–ether–ketone) and poly(vinyl-alcohol) as a quasi-solid-state electrolyte in a proton battery
Authors: Dong Hao , Wang Lin-Lin , Feng Zhi-Rong , Song Jie , Qiao Qiao , Wu Yu-Ping , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: August 2023

The double-network hydrogel as a quasi-solid-state electrolyte in a proton battery for the first time, which shows stable cycling and high rate capability.
The Reliability of Expert Diagnosis of Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Murray Elizabeth , Velleman Shelley , Preston Jonathan L. , Heard Robert , Shibu Akhila , McCabe Patricia
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The current standard for clinical diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is expert clinician judgment. The psychometric properties of this standard are not well understood; however, they are important for improving clinical diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which experts agree on the clinical diagnosis of CAS using two cohorts of children with mixed speech sound disorders (SSDs).

Method:

Speech samples of children with SSDs were obtained from previous and ongoing research from video recordings of children aged 3–8 years (
n
= 36) and audio recordings of children aged 8–17 years (
n
= 56). A total of 23 expert, English-speaking clinicians were recruited internationally. Three of these experts rated each speech sample to provide a description of the observed features and a diagnosis. Intrarater reliability was acceptable at 85% agreement.

Results:

Interrater reliability on the presence or absence of CAS among experts was poor both as a categorical diagnosis (κ = .187, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.089, 0.286]) and on a continuous “likelihood of CAS” scale (0–100; intraclass correlation = .183, 95% CI [.037, .347]). Reliability was similar across the video-recorded and audio-only samples. There was greater agreement on other diagnoses (such as articulation disorder) than on the diagnosis of CAS, although these too did not meet the predetermined standard. Likelihood of CAS was greater in children who presented with more American Speech-Language-Hearing Association CAS consensus features.

Conclusions:

Different expert raters had different thresholds for applying the diagnosis of CAS. If expert clinician judgment is to be used for diagnosis of CAS or other SSDs, further standardization and calibration is needed to increase interrater reliability. Diagnosis may require operationalized checklists or reliable measures that operate along a diagnostic continuum.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23949105
Positive Experiences Related to Stuttering in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Manivannan Vasupradaa , Medina Angela M. , Maruthy Santosh , Singhal Meet , Agarwal Anshul , Manchaiah Vinaya
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this large-scale, qualitative study is to investigate the perceived positive experiences and benefits of stuttering as reported by adults who stutter.

Method:

Data from a registration survey hosted by a free stuttering management app were extracted by the app developers and shared for the purposes of this study. Seventy-seven adults who stutter responded to an optional, open-ended prompt on the survey, “Make a list of any positive experiences you have encountered due to stuttering. Write down as many as you can think of.” Responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results:

Four major themes emerged regarding positive experiences with stuttering including (a) development of skills, qualities, and talents; (b) personal development; (c) coping strategies; and (d) support from others.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study align with previous literature that addresses positive outcomes of stuttering as described by adults who stutter; however, this study is unique in that it is the only research that has exclusively explored this topic in a large sample using qualitative methods.
From an unfinished subdivision to a place for an Energy Community in Terrasini, Palermo, Italy
Authors: Tricarico Alberto
Published: August 2023

This thesis consists of a design exercise in which the subject is a residential lot located in Terrasini, Palermo, Italy originally intended for government-funded residential buildings, whose construction has remained partially unfinished. For this lot, which has been in a state of neglect for about ten years, the project envisages the completion of the buildings (maintaining their original residential use) and the redevelopment of the whole district, generating communal spaces and services, in order to create an “Energy Community”. The choice of this theme was dictated by the awareness of the need for a timely action to concretely stem the effects of climate change as the architectural project can play a crucial role in the change in production models that is necessary to achieve true sustainability. For this reason, the intervention on this abandoned, unfinished lot is conceived as a test bed for the “energy community” paradigm, still scarcely known in Italy [1], as a potential engine of renewal and information tool for users about the need to take an active and conscious part in the energy transition. The project takes place within an agreement between the Palermo Department of Architecture and the Municipality of Terrasini, with Arch. Ph.D. Maria Luisa Germana', Full Professor of Architectural Technology at Università di Palermo, serving as scientific director and promoter, which brought to the production of three master's degree theses in Architecture before.
Urban regeneration of public housing settlements, in Rome: the case study of San Basilio district
Authors: Calvano Angela , Canducci Andrea , Rufini Andrea
Published: August 2023

The issue of urban regeneration has taken a strong centrality in recent European and national debates, particularly applied in the transformation of suburban settlements. Urban regeneration practices represent a potential tool to steer transformations toward criteria of environmental sustainability and resilience, resulting in reduced land consumption from decreased demand for new urbanization, and increased urban quality and collective well-being. The redevelopment of public housing requires a comprehensive rethinking of its use pattern and integrated and social cohesion tools to act with targeted measures in situations of marginality and physical, social and economic degradation. Working on these pieces of the city becomes fertile ground and a catalyst for opportunities in terms of regeneration of the urban fabric, with benefits and positive impacts, from the local level to a broader scale, driving ambitious measures to combat climate change. The research, articulated on closely related layers − public space and private space, outdoor space and indoor space − from the urban to the architectural scale aims to formulate meta-project guidelines applied to the case study of San Basilio, a suburban settlement of public housing within the city of Rome.
Einfluss der Resektionsränder und des Zeitpunkts der inguinalen Lymphadenektomie auf die Lokalrezidivrate und die Überlebensrate bei Patienten mit Peniskarzinom
Authors: Albarghouth Mohamad Hatem , Schulze Claudia , Bothmann Robin , Hamza Amir
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund In einer monozentrischen Analyse soll der Einfluss der Resektionsränder und des Zeitpunkts der inguinalen Lymphadenektomie auf die Lokalrezidivrate und die Überlebensrate bei Männern mit histologisch gesichertem Peniskarzinom untersucht werden.

Material und Methoden Im Zeitraum von 2011–2021 wurden insgesamt 31 männliche Patienten in unserem Krankenhaus bezüglich ihres Peniskarzinoms behandelt. 32% dieser Patienten zeigten dabei einen lokal fortgeschrittenen Primärbefund. Eine totale Penektomie wurde bei 9 Patienten, eine partielle Penektomie bei 17 Patienten und eine lokale Exzision in 5 Fällen durchgeführt. Eine bilaterale inguinale Lymphadenektomie wurde bei 16 Patienten durchgeführt. Die Patienten wurden bezüglich des minimalen Abstands der Resektionsränder (<1cm vs. >1cm) und dann erneut anhand des Zeitpunkts der inguinalen Lymphadenektomie (<6 Monate vs. >6 Monate) in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt. Die Ergebnisse wurden bezüglich der Lokalrezidivrate und der Überlebensrate analysiert.

Ergebnisse Das 1-Jahres-rezidivfreie Überleben lag bei 84%. Das 1-Jahres-Gesamtüberleben lag bei 70,9% (5 Jahre: 60,9%). Die 1-Jahres-Überlebensrate lag bei 68,7% im Falle, dass der minimale Abstand zum Resektionsrand unter 1cm lag, und bei 73,4%, wenn der minimale Abstand zum Resektionsrand über 1cm lag. Die Rate an Lokalrezidiven nach einem Jahr war geringer, wenn die inguinale Lymphadenektomie innerhalb der ersten 6 Monate nach Diagnosestellung durchgeführt wurde (38,5% versus 66,7%). Diese Unterschiede waren statistisch jedoch nicht signifikant.

Schlussfolgerung Ein minimaler Abstand zum Resektionsrand unter 1cm und eine frühzeitige inguinale Lymphadenektomie verbesserten statistisch nicht signifikant das Gesamtüberleben oder reduzierten statistisch die Rezidivrate (p=0,611; p=0,375).
Intravaskuläre Therapieverfahren zu lokoregionalen Therapien von Lungentumoren
Authors: Vogl Thomas J. , Mekkawy Ahmed , Thabet Duaa B.
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund Die Inzidenz von Lungenkarzinomen hat im letzten Jahrhundert stark zugenommen. Darüber hinaus ist die Lunge der häufigste Ort der Metastasierung. Trotz der verbesserten Diagnostik und Therapie von Lungenmalignomen ist die Prognose der Patienten noch immer unbefriedigend. Lokoregionäre chemotherapeutische Techniken zur Behandlung von Lungenmalignomen haben heutzutage die Aufmerksamkeit der Forschung auf sich gezogen. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist es, verschiedene lokoregionale intravaskuläre Techniken und deren Behandlungsprinzipien vorzustellen und die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile als palliative und neoadjuvante Behandlungsmethode bei der Behandlung von Lungenmalignomen zu evaluieren.

Methode Die verschiedenen Verfahren bei der Behandlung von Lungenmalignomen wie isolierte Lungenperfusion (ILP), selektive pulmonale Arterienperfusion (SPAP), transpulmonale Chemoembolisation (TPCE), Bronchialarterieninfusion (BAI), Bronchialarterienchemoembolisation (BACE) und intraarterielle Chemoperfusion (IACP) werden vergleichend bewertet.

Ergebnisse Lokoregionale intravaskuläre Chemotherapieverfahren erweisen sich als vielversprechende Behandlungsoptionen bei der Behandlung von malignen Lungentumoren. Um optimale Ergebnisse zu erreichen, sollte mittels lokoregionaler Technik eine möglichst hohe Aufnahme des Chemotherapeutikums in das Zielgewebe mit schneller systemischer Clearance erzielt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Unter den verschiedenen Behandlungsoptionen bei Lungenmalignomen ist die TPCE das am besten evaluierte Behandlungskonzept. Allerdings sind weitere Studien nötig, um das optimale Behandlungskonzept mit den besten klinischen Ergebnissen zu definieren.

Kernaussagen 

Zitierweise
Significant Variability in Postoperative Thromboprophylaxis in Cushing's Disease Patients: A Survey of the North American Skull Base Society and the AANS/CNS Joint Tumor Section
Authors: White Alexandra J. , Almeida João Paulo , Petitt Jordan C. , Yogi-Morren Divya , Recinos Pablo F. , Kshettry Varun R.
Published: August 2023

Introduction Cushing's disease (CD) is associated with hypercoagulability which is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) perioperatively. This risk persists even after successful transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). However, there are no current guidelines for pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in this patient population.

Objective Characterize existing thromboprophylaxis management practices in patients undergoing TSS for CD.

Methods An anonymous RedCap survey comprised of questions about perioperative thromboprophylaxis in CD patients was distributed via the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)/Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) Joint Tumor Section and the North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) email lists.

Results The survey was distributed to 554 members of the AANS/CNS Joint Tumor Section and 1,094 members of NASBS asking that members who surgically treat CD respond. Sixty responses (3.0% response rate) were received. Fifty-two (86.7%) respondents are involved in the postoperative management of CD patients. Thirty-six (69.2%) treat all patients with postoperative VTE chemoprophylaxis, 8 (15.4%) treat some patients, while 8 (15.4%) do not use chemoprophylaxis. Preferred chemoprophylaxis varies as 26 (59.1%) administer low molecular weight heparin, 14 (31.8%) give unfractionated heparin, 1 (2.3%) give direct oral anticoagulants, and 3 (6.8%) give aspirin. Most (28, 53.8%) of the respondents perceive the VTE risk in this patient population to be 0 to 5%, 16 (30.8%) perceive the risk to be 6 to 10%, and 8 (15.4%) perceive it to be 11 to 20%.

Conclusion There is great variability in VTE detection and postoperative prevention practice patterns in CD patients. This study highlights the need for prospective studies to clarify optimal pharmacologic chemoprophylaxis strategies and duration in this patient population.
Anticoagulation with Intravenous Direct Thrombin Inhibitors in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Do Nhue L. , Williams Pamela , Betensky Marisol , Goldenberg Neil A.
Published: August 2023

Although intravenous (IV) direct thrombin inhibitors (DTI) have gained interest in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), dosing and safety information is limited. The objective of this systematic review was to characterize DTI types, dosing, monitoring, and outcomes (bleeding and thromboembolic) in pediatric ECMO patients managed with IV DTIs. We conducted searches of MEDLINE (Ovid) and Embase (Elsevier) from inception through December 2022. Case reports, retrospective studies, and prospective studies providing per-patients or summary data for patient(s) <18 years of age receiving IV DTI for ECMO anticoagulation were included. Study selection and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. A total of 28 studies: 14 case reports, 13 retrospective studies, and 1 prospective study were included, totaling 329 patients. Bivalirudin was utilized in 318 (96.7%), argatroban in 9 (2.7%), and lepirudin in 2 (0.6%) patients. Infusion dosing included: bivalirudin 0.14 ± 0.37 mg/kg/h, argatroban 0.69 ± 0.73 µg/kg/min, lepirudin 0.14 ± 0.02 mg/kg/h. Laboratory monitoring tests utilized were the activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), diluted thrombin time, and thromboelastography measures. The aPTT was utilized in most patients (95%). Thromboembolism, bleeding, or death were observed in 17%, 17%, and 23% of bivalirudin, argatroban, and lepirudin patients, respectively. Bivalirudin appears to be the most frequently used DTI in pediatric ECMO. Dosing and laboratory monitoring varied, and bleeding and thromboembolic events were reported in 17% of patients. Prospective studies are warranted to establish dosing, monitoring, safety, and efficacy of bivalirudin and other IV DTI in pediatric ECMO.
Lieferantenmanagement: Lieferkettensteuerung durch Kollaboration und Business Analytics
Authors: Kriegel Johannes
Published: August 2023

Die systematische Steuerung der Beziehungen des Krankenhauses zu seinen Lieferanten gerät zunehmend in den Fokus des strategischen Managements. Bei der Gestaltung der Lieferketten der vielfältigen Warengruppen steht neben der Kommunikation die Koordination im Zentrum der Betrachtung der Entscheidungsverantwortlichen. Diese gilt es, über ein konzeptionelles Wissensmanagement und entsprechende qualifizierte Datenanalysen zu unterstützen.
Digitalisierung in Beschaffung und Logistik: Die Zeit ist reif für den Branchenstandard
Authors: Reingardt Sylvia
Published: August 2023

Es braucht ein klares Bekenntnis für mehr Datenqualität im Gesundheitswesen. Nur gemeinsam gelingt es, Prozesse im Stammdatenmanagement effizienter, transparenter und sicherer zu gestalten. Mit dem Branchenstandard haben wir das Momentum, die Datenqualität signifikant zu verbessern.
Nachhaltigkeitstransformation im Gesundheitswesen: Ansatzpunkte für ein nachhaltigeres Beschaffungsmanagement im Krankenhaus
Authors: Bickel Tabea
Published: August 2023

Das Beschaffungsmanagement in Krankenhäusern ist ein wichtiger Hebel zur Unterstützung der Nachhaltigkeitstransformation im Gesundheitswesen. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet praktische Ansatzpunkte am Beispiel des Isar Klinikums und zeigt auf, wie Einkäufer den Wandel gezielt vorantreiben können.
Data Mining in der Krankenhauslogistik: Benchmark-Studie Krankenhauslogistik 2022
Authors: Otten Hubert , Tetz Lukas
Published: August 2023

Zum fünften Mal wurde im Institut für Health Care Management eine Benchmark-Studie Krankenhauslogistik durchgeführt. Es nahmen im Jahr 2022 insgesamt 20 Krankenhäuser mit mehr als 21 700 Betten teil. Die Belastbarkeit der Ergebnisse stützt sich auf rund 3 Millionen Patienten- und 2 Millionen Materialtransporte, welche von 1 251 Mitarbeitenden zu Gesamtkosten von circa 68 Millionen Euro durchgeführt wurden. Ausgewählte Auszüge aus der Studie werden im folgenden Fachbeitrag vorgestellt.
Medizinprodukte: KI: Revolution nur im Büroalltag oder auch im Krankenhaus – Teil 2
Authors: Dillschneider Jutta , Becker Sebastian
Published: August 2023

Der Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz in der Klinik bringt Herausforderungen in der Vergabe sowie Haftung mit sich. Die spezifischen Funktionen der KI-beinhaltenden Medizinprodukte können den Anforderungskatalog noch einmal komplexer machen.
IT- und Cybersicherheit in Kliniken: Rahmenbedingungen und die Rolle der Einkaufsabteilungen – Teil 1
Authors: Gallmann Thomas
Published: August 2023

Die IT- und Cybersicherheit stellt eine große Herausforderung für die Kliniken dar. In diesem ersten Teil des Beitrags erfahren Sie, warum Kliniken häufig angegriffen werden und welche gesetzlichen Regelungen es gibt.
Information and helix mechanism of entropy increase
Authors: Zou Dan Dan
Published: August 2023

The principle of entropy increase not only constitutes the basis of statistical mechanics but is also closely related to the irreversibility of time, the origin of life, chaos, and turbulence. In this paper, by discussing the definition of the dynamic system of entropy from the perspective of symbols and partition of information, the entropy transfer characteristics based on the set partition are proposed. By introducing the hypothesis of limited measurement accuracy into the dynamic system with continuous phase space, two necessary mechanisms for the formation of chaos are obtained, namely, the transfer of entropy from small scale to macro-scale and the dissipation of information in macroscale. Furthermore, the relationship between the increase in local entropy and the Lyapunov exponent of the dynamic system is established. Then the entropy increase and abnormal dissipation mechanism of helical waves in fluid and general physical systems are discussed.
Unraveling the strain-induced and spin–orbit coupling effect of novel inorganic halide perovskites of Ca3AsI3 using DFT
Authors: Rahman Md. Ferdous , Rahman Md. Azizur , Islam Md. Rasidul , Ghosh Avijit , Bashar Shanto Md. Abul , Chowdhury Mithun , Al Ijajul Islam Md. , Rahman Md. Hafizur , Hossain M. Khalid , Islam M. A.
Published: August 2023

Recently, inorganic perovskite materials have been attracting increasing attention owing to their exceptional structural, electronic, and optical characteristics in photovoltaic technology. Ca3AsI3 is a semiconductor material that shares similarities with the group of inorganic metal halide perovskites. Ca3AsI3 possesses a perovskite crystal structure that is cubic, which is classified under the space group Pm-3m (no. 221). Our research aims to analyze how the optical and electronic properties of Ca3AsI3 are influenced by spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and strain using the first-principles density-functional theory. The inorganic Ca3AsI3 perovskite has an electronic band structure that possesses a direct bandgap of roughly 1.58 eV at the Γ(gamma)-point. However, when the SOC relativistic effect is introduced, this value decreases to around 1.27 eV. As the level of compressive strain is increased, the bandgap becomes narrower, whereas with increasing tensile strain, the bandgap becomes wider. It has been observed through analysis of the dielectric functions, absorption coefficient, and electron loss function of these materials that the optical properties give Ca3AsI3 the ability to effectively absorb visible light. According to the study, the dielectric constant peaks of Ca3AsI3 shift toward a lower photon energy (redshift) as the level of compressive strain increases. On the other hand, when subjected to increased tensile strain, these peaks have a tendency to shift toward a higher photon energy (blueshift), as per the same study. Modifying the energy gap of Ca3AsI3 perovskites to suit optoelectronic and solar cell needs could be achieved by using techniques involving the SOC effect and by applying strain. These approaches have the potential to enable utilization of Ca3AsI3 in such applications in the future.
Outlier or handover: outcomes for General Medicine inpatients
Authors: Thompkins S. , Schaefer S. , Toh D. , Horwood C. , Thompson C. H.
Published: August 2023

Objective Patients admitted from the emergency department may be co-located on the treating team’s ‘home ward’. If no bed is available, patients may be sent to another ward, where they may remain under the admitting team as an ‘outlier’. Conversely, care may be handed over to the team on whose home ward they are located. We conducted a retrospective analysis to understand the impact of outlier status and handovers of care on outcomes for General Medicine inpatients. Methods General Medicine admissions at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between September 2020 and November 2021 were analysed. We examined the rate of hospital-acquired complications, inpatient mortality rate, mortality within 48 h of admission, Relative Stay Index, time of discharge from hospital and rate of adverse events within 28 days of discharge. Results A total of 3109 admissions were analysed. Handovers within 24 h of admission were associated with a longer length of stay. There was a trend towards higher rates of adverse events within 28 days of discharge with handovers of care. Outlier status did not affect any outcome measures. Conclusions Handovers within the first 24 h of admission are associated with longer than expected length of stay.
Effect of Pinus densiflora bark extract supplementation in broiler diet on antioxidative status, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal barrier function
Authors: Kim Kum-Chol , Ri Sung-Hyok , Jong Song-Il , Sin Jo-Il , Ju Chol-Ho , Pak Song-Sik , Ri Ju-Hua
Published: August 2023

Context Pinus densiflora bark extract (PBE) has attracted more attention in the livestock industry due to its antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity and beneficial nutrient utilisation. Aims This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary PBE concentration on growth performance, antioxidant activity, nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in broilers. Methods In total, 180 1-day-old Arbour Acres male broilers were randomly divided into four treatment groups (0, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg PBE respectively), with five replicates per group and nine broilers per replicate, and the treatments were applied for 42 days. Results Dietary PBE supplementation improved significantly antioxidative status and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD1, GPx1 and CAT in broilers. Moreover, PBE supplementation increased the intestinal absorption and mRNA expression level of the tight junction proteins. In addition, the diet supplemented with PBE significantly increased the villus height (P < 0.01) and the villus:crypt ratio (C:V) (P < 0.05) in jejunum. Although supplementation of 300 mg/kg PBE significantly decreased nutrient digestibility and activities of lipase and amylase (P < 0.05), supplementation of 200 mg/kg PBE had no negative impact on digestibility. Conclusion This study showed that supplementation of 200 mg/kg PBE improves the antioxidant status and the intestinal health without adverse impact in broilers. Implications This study has provided scientific insight and rationale to protect broilers from oxidative stress and intestinal disease.
Effect of soil treatment on the growth and foliage chemistry of three Eucalyptus species grown in a plantation as a food source for koalas
Authors: Cochrane Teresa , Krebs Gaye L. , McManus Scott , Castle Scott , Spooner Peter G.
Published: August 2023

Koalas in captivity are often provided with food from purpose-grown eucalypt plantations. In this study the growth/establishment of a long-term koala food plantation and the foliage chemistry of three Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus microcorys, E. propinqua and E. tereticornis) that had applications of soil treatments (Terracottem™, mycorrhiza or a combination of both, and a control) at the time of planting were investigated. As well as tree growth, the foliage chemistry measured included total nitrogen (N), available N, ash, and moisture contents, and dry matter digestibility. Shortly after planting, the soil treatments had significant effects on tree growth but after approximately 2.5 years, they did not impact either tree growth or foliage chemistry. However, foliage age affected foliage chemistry, with new foliage having higher moisture and total N concentrations and lower ash contents than mature foliage. There were significant differences in tree growth and foliage chemistry between replicate blocks, which may have been related to environmental or geographical variables. This research provided critical information concerning the establishment of a suitable feed source for captive koalas and, more generally, furthered knowledge of Eucalyptus foliage chemistry. Future studies should investigate impacts of soil treatments on plant secondary metabolites including formylated phloroglucinol compounds. Understanding dietary selection is an important consideration when selecting species and managing food plantations for koalas. Providing captive koalas with a variety of different Eucalyptus species and foliage maturity ensures that they can select species and nutrients that they require.
Policy facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the ‘One Health’ approach in India: Placing One Health at the heart of COVID-19 recovery and beyond
Authors: Aneja Kashish , Padhy Rituparna , Halabi Sam
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the necessity of adopting an integrated approach towards sustainably balancing the health of people, animals and ecosystems by promoting One Health. The authors analyse the legal and regulatory frameworks in India for their existing and future capacity to accommodate One Health-based policies. India has adopted several action plans, initiated multiple cross-ministry projects, and established institutional bodies during the COVID-19 pandemic to promote One Health. However, many of these were implemented piecemeal due to the federal structure in the country and the lack of adequate sustained inter-ministerial collaboration. The prevalent overtones of anthropocentric bias in the existing laws and policies adversely affect the potential of an effective One Health framework in the country as well. The authors highlight future considerations for India for placing One Health at the centre of legislation and policy making, and recommend both short-term and long-term measures that ought to be considered.

One Health impact statement

This article is an invited review article that illustrates how India is strategically placed for incorporating One Health in its policy making for pandemic preparedness and beyond. It underscores the urgency of examining certain future considerations for developing effective One Health-based governance and regulatory frameworks in the country.
Surface lattice resonance of circular nano-array integrated on optical fiber tips
Authors: Wu 吴 Jian 坚 , Ye 叶 Gao-Jie 高杰 , Pang 庞 Xiu-Yang 修洋 , Kan 阚 Xuefen 雪芬 , Lu 陆 Yan 炎 , Shi 史 Jian 健 , Yu 俞 Qiang 强 , Yin 殷 Cheng 澄 , Wang 王 Xianping 贤平
Published: August 2023

As metallic nanoparticles are arranged to form a 2D periodic nano-array, the coupling of the localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) results in the well-known phenomenon of surface lattice resonances (SLRs). We theoretically investigate the SLR effect of the circular nano-array fabricated on the fiber tips. The difference between the 2D periodic and circular periodic arrays results in different resonant characteristics. For both structures, the resonant peaks due to the SLRs shift continuously as the array structures are adjusted. For some specific arrangements, the circular nano-array may generate a single sharp resonant peak with extremely high enhancement, which originates from the collective coupling of the whole array. More interestingly, the spatial pattern of the vector near-field corresponding to the sharp peak is independent of the polarization state of the incidence, facilitating its excitation and regulation. This finding may be helpful for designing multifunctional all-fiber devices.
Design and calibration of an elliptical crystal spectrometer for the diagnosis of proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE)
Authors: Fang 方 Yanlyu 言律 , Li 李 Dongyu 东彧 , Cheng 程 Hao 浩 , Gao 高 Yuan 原 , Shen 申 Ze-Qing 泽清 , Yang 杨 Tong 童 , Li 李 Yu-Ze 昱泽 , Xia 夏 Ya-Dong 亚东 , Yan 晏 Yang 炀 , Yan 颜 Sha 莎 , Lin 林 Chen 晨 , Yan 颜 Xue-Qing 学庆
Published: August 2023

Laser-driven proton-induced x-ray emission (laser-PIXE) is a nuclear analysis method based on the compact laser ion accelerator. Due to the transient process of ion acceleration, the laser-PIXE signals are usually spurted within nanoseconds and accompanied by strong electromagnetic pulses (EMP), so traditional multi-channel detectors are no longer applicable. In this work, we designed a reflective elliptical crystal spectrometer for the diagnosis of laser-PIXE. The device can detect the energy range of 1 keV–11 keV with a high resolution. A calibration experiment was completed on the electrostatic accelerator of Peking University using samples of Al, Ti, Cu, and ceramic artifacts. The detection efficiency of the elliptical crystal spectrometer was obtained in the order of 10−9.
Holographic entanglement entropy with Power-Maxwell electrodynamics in higher dimensional AdS black hole spacetime*
Authors: Wang 王 Kongchen 孔辰 , Zhang 张 Wanhe 万贺 , Yao 姚 Weiping 伟平
Published: August 2023

We investigate the behaviors of the scalar operator and holographic entanglement entropy in the metal/superconductor phase transition with Power-Maxwell electrodynamics in a higher dimensional background away from the probe limit. We observe that the larger parameters b and q make the condensation of the scalar operator more difficult, and the critical temperature decreases more slowly as the factors increase. In the belt geometry, the value of the entanglement entropy in the metal and superconductor phases is not only related to the the strength of the Power-Maxwell field but also to the width of the strip geometry. At the phase transition point, the discontinuous slope of entanglement entropy is universal for different model factors. It turns out that holographic entanglement entropy is a powerful tool to probe the properties of the phase transition in this holographic superconductor model.
Potential impacts of land use change on streamflow and groundwater resources under changing climate in the Flint River Basin, Georgia, United States
Authors: Huang Yu-Kai , Dwivedi Puneet , Karki Ritesh , Kalin Latif
Published: August 2023

This study ascertains the factors affecting streamflow and irrigation water demand under different land use/cover (LULC) changes and future climate scenarios in the Flint River Basin, Georgia, United States, using the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) panel model. An advantage of using the SUR model is that it accounts for cross-hydrological correlation, which is important due to the cross-sectional dependence between streamflow and pumpages. A set of streamflow, ground/surface water withdrawal, climatic, and LULC data used in this study was gathered from publicly available data sources and state agencies. Furthermore, the results show that a 10% increase in corn acreage in the watershed could lead to a significant rise in surface water and groundwater pumpings demands, respectively at 124% and 168%. This study identifies potential evapotranspiration (PET) threshold, which may lead to a water deficit in the region. For various LULC scenarios involving corn and urban area expansion, the probability of facing water scarcity at least once from 2025 to 2060 is estimated to range from 0.2% to 3.8% and 0.7% to 2.6% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. These findings underscore the trade-off between water scarcity and food security in the context of changing climate, highlighting a need to design appropriate incentives to enhance water-use efficiency and adopt climate-smart strategies. The study’s significance extends to other similar watersheds worldwide that face similar challenges arising from changing land use and climate, which impact the sustainability of water resources, particularly groundwater resources, over time.
Influence of a powder-forming additive on the physical-mechanical properties and structure of a ceramic material
Authors: Montayev Sarsenbek A , Narikov Kanat A , Shakeshev Bekbulat T , Taudaeva Ainur A , Dosov Karzhaubai Zh
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of various pore-forming additives on the porosity and permeability of alumina ceramic material. Analysis of mineralogical, particle size distribution and chemical composition of raw materials and ceramics samples was performed using standard research methods, JCM-6000 (JEOL) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) microscopes, LW600LT, x-ray diffractometer Rigaku D/max-RA, Hitachi SU-70 and Pore Master. The microstructure of the composite ceramic material in all experiments demonstrated the presence of numerous cross-sectionally elongated pores, which proves the dependence of the pore-forming structure on the shape of the pore-forming agent. The high permeability of samples with lignin is due to the improved plastic properties of the clays. By increasing the clay content from 5 to 10 wt.% it was possible to increase the sintering density of the samples and reduce their overall porosity. The permeability porosity increases with the introduction of more urea, and the strength of the samples is then at its maximum. Samples with the addition of lignin demonstrated resistance to mechanical stress and high permeability. The study identifies the prospects of using crystallised urea and lignin from manufacturing waste as a pore former, which will allow the establishment of environmentally friendly ceramic materials with high permeability and durability and solve the problem of atmospheric pollution.
Temperature field model in surface grinding: a comparative assessment
Authors: Yang Min , Kong Ming , Li Changhe , Long Yunze , Zhang Yanbin , Sharma Shubham , Li Runze , Gao Teng , Liu Mingzheng , Cui Xin , Wang Xiaoming , Ma Xiao , Yang Yuying
Published: August 2023

Grinding is a crucial process in machining workpieces because it plays a vital role in achieving the desired precision and surface quality. However, a significant technical challenge in grinding is the potential increase in temperature due to high specific energy, which can lead to surface thermal damage. Therefore, ensuring control over the surface integrity of workpieces during grinding becomes a critical concern. This necessitates the development of temperature field models that consider various parameters, such as workpiece materials, grinding wheels, grinding parameters, cooling methods, and media, to guide industrial production. This study thoroughly analyzes and summarizes grinding temperature field models. First, the theory of the grinding temperature field is investigated, classifying it into traditional models based on a continuous belt heat source and those based on a discrete heat source, depending on whether the heat source is uniform and continuous. Through this examination, a more accurate grinding temperature model that closely aligns with practical grinding conditions is derived. Subsequently, various grinding thermal models are summarized, including models for the heat source distribution, energy distribution proportional coefficient, and convective heat transfer coefficient. Through comprehensive research, the most widely recognized, utilized, and accurate model for each category is identified. The application of these grinding thermal models is reviewed, shedding light on the governing laws that dictate the influence of the heat source distribution, heat distribution, and convective heat transfer in the grinding arc zone on the grinding temperature field. Finally, considering the current issues in the field of grinding temperature, potential future research directions are proposed. The aim of this study is to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for predicting workpiece temperature and improving surface integrity.
The inverse Galois problem for orthogonal groups
Authors: Zywina David
Published: August 2023

We prove many cases of the Inverse Galois Problem for those simple groups arising from orthogonal groups over finite fields. For example, we show that the finite simple groups

Ω

2
n
+
1

(
p
)

\Omega _{2n+1}(p)

and

P

Ω

4
n

+

(
p
)

\operatorname {P}\!\Omega _{4n}^+(p)

both occur as the Galois group of a Galois extension of the rationals for all integers

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

and all primes

p
≥
5

p\geq 5

. We obtain our representations by studying families of twists of elliptic curves and using some known cases of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture along with a big monodromy result of Hall.
EIEPCF: accurate inference of functional gene regulatory networks by eliminating indirect effects from confounding factors
Authors: Peng Huixiang , Xu Jing , Liu Kangchen , Liu Fang , Zhang Aidi , Zhang Xiujun
Published: August 2023

Reconstructing functional gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is a primary prerequisite for understanding pathogenic mechanisms and curing diseases in animals, and it also provides an important foundation for cultivating vegetable and fruit varieties that are resistant to diseases and corrosion in plants. Many computational methods have been developed to infer GRNs, but most of the regulatory relationships between genes obtained by these methods are biased. Eliminating indirect effects in GRNs remains a significant challenge for researchers. In this work, we propose a novel approach for inferring functional GRNs, named EIEPCF (eliminating indirect effects produced by confounding factors), which eliminates indirect effects caused by confounding factors. This method eliminates the influence of confounding factors on regulatory factors and target genes by measuring the similarity between their residuals. The validation results of the EIEPCF method on simulation studies, the gold-standard networks provided by the DREAM3 Challenge and the real gene networks of Escherichia coli demonstrate that it achieves significantly higher accuracy compared to other popular computational methods for inferring GRNs. As a case study, we utilized the EIEPCF method to reconstruct the cold-resistant specific GRN from gene expression data of cold-resistant in Arabidopsis thaliana. The source code and data are available at https://github.com/zhanglab-wbgcas/EIEPCF.
Responses to pathogen exposure in sentinel juvenile fall-run Chinook salmon in the Sacramento River, CA
Authors: Abdelrazek Samah M R , Connon Richard E , Sanchez Camilo , Atencio Benjamin , Mauduit Florian , Lehman Brendan , Hallett Sascha L , Atkinson Stephen D , Foott J Scott , Daniels Miles E
Published: August 2023

This study investigated how the deployment of juvenile Chinook salmon in ambient river conditions and the subsequent exposure to and infection by pathogens was associated with the changes in the expression of genes involved in immune system functioning, general stress and host development. Juvenile fish were deployed in sentinel cages for 21 days in the Sacramento River, CA, USA. Gill, kidney and intestinal tissue were sampled at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days post-deployment. Pathogen detection and host response were assessed by a combination of molecular and histopathological evaluation. Our findings showed that fish became infected by the parasites Ceratonova shasta, Parvicapsula minibicornis and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and to a lesser extent, the bacteria Flavobacterium columnare and Rickettsia-like organisms. Co-infection was common among sentinel fish. Expression of investigated genes was altered following deployment and was often associated with pathogen abundance. This study provides a foundation for future avenues of research investigating pathogens that affect out-migrating Chinook salmon in the Sacramento River, and offers crucial knowledge related to conservation efforts.