bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sperm Cell
Authors: Yanagimachi Ryuzo
Published: May 2017

This revised and updated second edition provides a comprehensive account of the human male gamete. Detailed overviews of human sperm production, maturation, and function - and how these processes affect and influence fertility, infertility, and assisted reproduction - are given. A wide range of new developments including proteomics, spermatogenesis, sperm-specific WW domain-binding proteins, Ca2+ signalling, DNA packaging, epididymis are explored, whilst a new chapter presents information gained from mouse genetics, highlighting how it informs male fertility research. The impact of environmental factors during pre-pubertal and pubertal stages of life is also investigated. Featuring engaging prose with chapters organized topographically, The Sperm Cell remains an essential resource for andrologists, clinical scientists, and laboratory personnel.
The Evolution of Verse Structure in Old and Middle English Poetry
Authors: Russom Geoffrey
Published: May 2017

In this fascinating study, Geoffrey Russom traces the evolution of the major English poetic traditions by reference to the evolution of the English language, and considers how verse forms are born, how they evolve, and why they die. Using a general theory of poetic form employing universal principles rooted in the human language faculty, Russom argues that certain kinds of poetry tend to arise spontaneously in languages with identifiable characteristics. Language changes may require modification of metrical rules and may eventually lead to extinction of a meter. Russom's theory is applied to explain the development of English meters from the earliest alliterative poems in Old and Middle English and the transition to iambic meter in the Modern English period. This thorough yet accessible study provides detailed analyses of form in key poems, including Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and a glossary of technical terms.
Bankruptcy and the U.S. Supreme Court
Authors: Mann Ronald J.
Published: May 2017

In this illuminating work, Ronald J. Mann offers readers a comprehensive study of bankruptcy cases in the Supreme Court of the United States. He provides detailed case studies based on the Justices' private papers on the most closely divided cases, statistical analysis of variation among the Justices in their votes for and against effective bankruptcy relief, and new information about the appearance in opinions of citations taken from party and amici briefs. By focusing on cases that have neither a clear answer under the statute nor important policy constraints, the book unveils the decision-making process of the Justices themselves - what they do when they are left to their own devices. It should be read by anyone interested not only in the jurisprudence of bankruptcy, but also in the inner workings of the Supreme Court.
Glubb Pasha and the Arab Legion
Authors: Jevon Graham
Published: May 2017

During the 1950s, John Glubb and the Arab Legion became the 'cornerstone' of Britain's imperial presence in the Middle East. Based on unprecedented access to the unofficial archive of the Arab Legion, including a major accession of Glubb's private papers, Graham Jevon examines and revises Britain's post-1945 retreat from empire in the Middle East. Jevon details how Glubb's command of the Arab Legion secured British and Jordanian interests during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, answering questions that have dogged historians of this conflict for decades. He reveals how the Arab Legion was transformed, by Cold War concerns, from an internal Jordanian security force to a quasi-division within the British Army. Jevon also sheds new light on the succession crisis following King Abdullah's assassination, and uses previously unseen documents to challenge accepted contentions concerning King Hussein's dismissal of Glubb, the 1956 Suez Crisis, and the nature of Britain's imperial decline.
Merry and McCall Smith's Errors, Medicine and the Law
Authors: Merry Alan , Brookbanks Warren
Published: May 2017

There is an understandable tendency or desire to attribute blame when patients are harmed by their own healthcare. However, many cases of iatrogenic harm involve little or no moral culpability. Even when blame is justified, an undue focus on one individual often deflects attention from other important factors within the inherent complexity of modern healthcare. This revised second edition advocates a rethinking of accountability in healthcare based on science, the principles of a just culture, and novel therapeutic legal processes. Updated to include many recent relevant events, including the Keystone Project in the USA and the Mid Staffordshire scandal in the UK, this book considers how the concepts of a just culture have been successfully implemented so far, and makes recommendations for best practice. This book will be of interest to anyone concerned with patient safety, medical law and the regulation of healthcare.
Literature, Ethics, and the Emotions
Authors: Asher Kenneth
Published: May 2017

Recently there has been a renewed interest in the ethical value of literature. However, how exactly does literature contribute to our ethical understanding? In Literature, Ethics, and the Emotions, Kenneth Asher argues that literary scholars should locate this question in the long and various history of moral philosophy. On the basis of his own reading of this history, Asher contends for the centrality of emotions in our ethical lives and shows how literature - novels, poetry, and drama - can each contribute to crucial emotional understanding. Individual chapters on T. S. Eliot, D. H. Lawrence, Virginia Woolf, and George Bernard Shaw give detailed analyses of how this contribution takes shape even in modernist authors who try to reconfigure the very nature of the self.
The Collapse of the Mycenaean Economy
Authors: Murray Sarah
Published: May 2017

In this book, Sarah Murray provides a comprehensive treatment of textual and archaeological evidence for the long-distance trade economy of Greece across 600 years during the transition from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age. Analyzing the finished objects that sustained this kind of trade, she also situates these artifacts within the broader context of the ancient Mediterranean economy, including evidence for the import and export of commodities as well as demographic change. Murray argues that our current model of exchange during the Late Bronze Age is in need of a thoroughgoing reformulation. She demonstrates that the association of imported objects with elite self-fashioning is not supported by the evidence from any period in early Greek history. Moreover, the notional 'decline' in trade during Greece's purported Dark Age appears to be the result of severe, economic contraction, rather than a severance of access to trade routes.
Galois Representations and (Phi, Gamma)-Modules
Authors: Schneider Peter
Published: May 2017

Understanding Galois representations is one of the central goals of number theory. Around 1990, Fontaine devised a strategy to compare such p-adic Galois representations to seemingly much simpler objects of (semi)linear algebra, the so-called etale (phi, gamma)-modules. This book is the first to provide a detailed and self-contained introduction to this theory. The close connection between the absolute Galois groups of local number fields and local function fields in positive characteristic is established using the recent theory of perfectoid fields and the tilting correspondence. The author works in the general framework of Lubin–Tate extensions of local number fields, and provides an introduction to Lubin–Tate formal groups and to the formalism of ramified Witt vectors. This book will allow graduate students to acquire the necessary basis for solving a research problem in this area, while also offering researchers many of the basic results in one convenient location.
Precision Cosmology
Authors: Jones Bernard J. T.
Published: May 2017

Cosmology seeks to characterise our Universe in terms of models based on well-understood and tested physics. Today we know our Universe with a precision that once would have been unthinkable. This book develops the entire mathematical, physical and statistical framework within which this has been achieved. It tells the story of how we arrive at our profound conclusions, starting from the early twentieth century and following developments up to the latest data analysis of big astronomical datasets. It provides an enlightening description of the mathematical, physical and statistical basis for understanding and interpreting the results of key space- and ground-based data. Subjects covered include general relativity, cosmological models, the inhomogeneous Universe, physics of the cosmic background radiation, and methods and results of data analysis. Extensive online supplementary notes, exercises, teaching materials, and exercises in Python make this the perfect companion for researchers, teachers and students in physics, mathematics, and astrophysics.
Quantum Scaling in Many-Body Systems
Authors: Continentino Mucio
Published: May 2017

Quantum phase transitions are strongly relevant in a number of fields, ranging from condensed matter to cold atom physics and quantum field theory. This book, now in its second edition, approaches the problem of quantum phase transitions from a new and unifying perspective. Topics addressed include the concepts of scale and time invariance and their significance for quantum criticality, as well as brand new chapters on superfluid and superconductor quantum critical points, and quantum first order transitions. The renormalisation group in real and momentum space is also established as the proper language to describe the behaviour of systems close to a quantum phase transition. These phenomena introduce a number of theoretical challenges which are of major importance for driving new experiments. Being strongly motivated and oriented towards understanding experimental results, this is an excellent text for graduates, as well as theorists, experimentalists and those with an interest in quantum criticality.
A new spatial angle assembly method of the ICF target
Authors: Wu Wenrong , Bi Lie , Du Kai , Zhang Juan , Yang Honggang , Wang Honglian
Published: May 2017

The designs of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets, which field on ShenGuang III, are becoming more complex and more stringent in terms of assembly precision. A key specification of these targets is the spatial angle alignment accuracy. To meet these needs, we present a new spatial angle assembly method, using target part’s 3D model-based dual orthogonal camera vision, which is better suited for the flexible automation of target assembly processes. The two-hands structure micromanipulate system and dual orthogonal structure visual feedback system were investigated by considering the kinematics, spatial angle measuring, and motion control in an integrated way. In this paper, we discuss the measurement accuracy of spatial angle assembly method, which compared the real-time image acquisition with the redrawing 2D projection. The result shows that the assembly method proposed is very effective and meets the requirements of angle assembly accuracy, which is less than $1^{\circ }$. Also, this work is expected to contribute greatly to the advancement of other target microassembly equipments.
THEOLOGICAL HUMILITY IN THE WORLD OF LAW
Authors: Marshall Ellen Ott
Published: May 2017

“Legal theology” must mean more than theological reflection on legal topics just as “feminist theology” means more than theological reflection on “women's issues.” This is no simple application procedure, but a dynamic interaction between two fields of play, each with an internal variety of methods, considerations, and arguments. Amidst the varieties of Christian theology, Christian feminist theology has distinct methodological features that reflect experiences of subjugation and political commitments to equality and mutuality. Similarly, Christian legal theology—should it in fact develop—cannot claim to represent all Christian reflection as though Christian theology is monolithic and neutrally applied to a stagnant list of legal topics. Rather, Christian legal theology would reflect a distinctive way of doing theology in light of experiences, commitments, and practices within the “world of law.” Given the variety internal to Christian theology and the world of law, the configurations for Christian legal theology are indeed myriad.
Mae Fah Luang: Thailand's Princess Mother and the Border Patrol Police during the Cold War
Authors: Hyun Sinae
Published: May 2017

The mother of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, Princess Mother Sangwan, was the royal patron of the Thai Border Patrol Police (BPP) and an ardent supporter of its Cold War era civic action programmes. This article surveys the special relationship between the Princess Mother and the BPP and their development of royal projects among the highland minorities in northern Thailand to illuminate the implications of this collaboration for the spread of royalist nationalism and the evolving role of the monarchy from the 1960s to the present.
Balancing the foreign and the familiar in the articulation of kingship: The royal court Brahmans of Thailand
Authors: McGovern Nathan
Published: May 2017

Scholars of Southeast Asia have for several decades moved away from theories of ‘Indianisation’, in favour of theories of ‘localisation’. So far, however, there has been little attempt to apply the methodological shift from Indianisation to localisation to an important living relic of the prime agents of older Indianisation theories: the royal court Brahmans of Thailand. In this article, I examine the history of this still-functioning Southeast Asian Brahmanical institution, with respect both to evidence of its ties to India and to the ways it has been ‘localised’. I argue that it is best understood as a local articulation of kingship, negotiating a necessary tension between the foreign and the familiar in royal ritual.
Whatever Happened to Evans' Action Component?
Authors: Zong Desheng
Published: May 2017

A long line of writers on Evans – Andy Hamilton, Lucy O'Brien, José Bermúdez, and Jason Stanley, to name just a few – assess Evans' account of first-person thought without heeding his warnings that his theory comprises an information and an action component. By omitting the action component, these critics are able to characterize Evans' theory as a perceptual model theory and reject it on that ground. This paper is an attempt to restore the forgotten element. With this component put back in, the charge of Evans' theory as a perceptual model of such thoughts falls apart, and the theory turns out to have enough merit to project itself as a legitimate contender for a plausible account of ‘I’-thought.
‘To fish or not to fish?’: fishing communities of Arctic Yakutia in the face of environmental change and political transformations
Authors: Ksenofontov Stanislav , Backhaus Norman , Schaepman-Strub Gabriela
Published: May 2017

This paper assesses the vulnerability of Arctic fishing communities. We hypothesise that climate change related trends, such as increasing temperature and altered seasonality, and shocks, such as the breakdown of the Soviet Union or new fishing regulations, increase vulnerability of local Arctic peoples and compromise the sustainability of their livelihoods. Research shows that over recent decades local people have observed environmental changes and a significant decrease in the number of fish caught. Fishing regulations introduced after the collapse of the Soviet Union burdened fishers with quotas and temporal limitations that have hindered their fishing activities. While the adaptability of traditional fishing techniques to seasonally changing conditions might indicate the potential to adapt to future conditions under climate change, fishing regulations appear to limit this potential to adapt.
Altered activation of the ventral striatum under performance-related observation in social anxiety disorder
Authors: Becker M. P. I. , Simon D. , Miltner W. H. R. , Straube T.
Published: May 2017

Background

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by fear of social and performance situations. The consequence of scrutiny by others for the neural processing of performance feedback in SAD is unknown.

Methods

We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain activation to positive, negative, and uninformative performance feedback in patients diagnosed with SAD and age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy control subjects who performed a time estimation task during a social observation condition and a non-social control condition: while either being monitored or unmonitored by a body camera, subjects received performance feedback after performing a time estimation that they could not fully evaluate without external feedback.

Results

We found that brain activation in ventral striatum (VS) and midcingulate cortex was modulated by an interaction of social context and feedback type. SAD patients showed a lack of social-context-dependent variation of feedback processing, while control participants showed an enhancement of brain responses specifically to positive feedback in VS during observation.

Conclusions

The present findings emphasize the importance of social-context processing in SAD by showing that scrutiny prevents appropriate reward-processing-related signatures in response to positive performances in SAD.
FINDING NON-STATIONARY STATE PROBABILITIES OF G-NETWORK WITH SIGNALS AND CUSTOMERS BATCH REMOVAL
Authors: Matalytski Mikhail
Published: May 2017

This paper is devoted to the research of an open Markov queueing network with positive customers and signals, and positive customers batch removal. A way of finding in a non-stationary regime time-dependent state probabilities has been proposed. The Kolmogorov system of difference-differential equations for state probabilities of such network was derived. The technique of its building, based on the use of the modified method of successive approximations combined with a series method, has been proposed. It is proved that the successive approximations converge over time to the stationary state probabilities, and the sequence of approximations converges to the unique solution of the Kolmogorov equations. Any successive approximation can be represented as a convergent power series with infinite radius of convergence, the coefficients of which satisfy the recurrence relations; that is useful for estimations. Model example illustrating the finding of time-dependent state probabilities of the network has been provided.
Most-Cherished Gemstones in the Medieval Arab World
Authors: AMAR ZOHAR , LEV EFRAIM
Published: May 2017

In the medieval Arab world, gemstones were used as ornaments, set in jewellery, seals, and amulets, and also were investments and status symbols. As a result of the Arab conquests and their access to new regions, the distribution and use of gemstones underwent substantial changes. Our research pieces together information regarding the production, use, trade, tradition and cultural value of gemstones from early Arabic sources; this information is compared with material found in ancient Greek and Roman sources and also European sources from the medieval period.

The most valued stones were corundum, diamond, emerald and pearl. Other stones, such as turquoise, carnelian, garnet, onyx, lazurite and malachite, were less expensive and therefore more popular and common among the middle classes. Jasper, amethyst, and crystal were still cheaper and even more commonly-owned. In this article, we have chosen to present in detail the stories of two of the most exotic, expensive, and therefore most interesting gemstones: the diamond and the corundum.
Accuracy of oncologist assessments of psychiatric problems in cancer inpatients
Authors: Yasugi Daisuke , Tamune Hidetaka , Sawamura Jitsuki , Nishimura Katsuji
Published: May 2017

Objective:

Our objective was to examine the accuracy of non-psychiatrist assessments of psychiatric problems in cancer patients.

Method:

We conducted a retrospective chart review of cancer patients who were admitted and referred to the consultation–liaison (C–L) team between January of 2011 and December of 2012. The agreement between non-psychiatrist assessments and final diagnoses by attending C–L psychiatrists was estimated for every category of referral assessment using codes from the International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders (10th revision). The data were obtained from the consultation records of 240 cancer inpatients who were referred to the C–L service at a tertiary care center in Tokyo.

Results:

The agreement ratio between referring oncologists and psychiatrists differed according to the evaluation categories. The degrees of agreement for the categories of “delirious,” “depressive,” “dyssomnia,” “anxious,” “demented,” “psychotic,” and “other” were 0.87, 0.43, 0.51, 0.50, 0.27, 0.55, and 0.57, respectively. The agreement for all patients was 0.65. Significant differences were observed among seven categories (chi-squared value = 42.454 atp< 0.001 anddf= 6). The analysis of means for proportions showed that the degree of agreement for the “delirious” category was significantly higher and that that for the “depressive” category was lower than that for all patients, while for the “demented” category it was close to the lower decision limit but barely significant. One half of the 20 cases who were referred as depressive were diagnosed with delirium, with one quarter of those having continuously impaired consciousness. Some 7 of the 11 cases who were referred as demented were diagnosed as having delirium.

Significance of Results:

The accuracy of non-psychiatrist assessments for psychiatric problems in cancer patients differs by presumed diagnosis. Oncologists should consider unrecognized delirium in cancer inpatients who appear depressed or demented.
Dual circularly polarized multilayer MIMO antenna array with an enhanced SR-feeding network for C-band application
Authors: Jalali Mahdi , Naser-Moghadasi Mohammad , Sadeghzadeh Ramezan Ali
Published: May 2017

Wide-band circularly polarized multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna array with a 2 × 4 feed network was proposed for C-band application. Different unique techniques were utilized in the proposed array to enhance the antenna characteristics, such as gain, 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW), impedance tuning, and ruinous mutual coupling effects. A miniaturized dual-feed Tai chi-shaped antenna element with a pair of feeding points and a pair of eyebrow-shaped strips was presented for enhancing circular polarization (CP) purity and impedance matching. For a better improvement of CP features, a 2*4 MIMO sequentially rotated (MIMO-SR) feed network was used to achieve broader 3 dB ARBW. Besides, the MIMO feature of the feed network could control the left- and right-handed CP, respectively. Ultimately, specific forms of slot and slit structures were applied onto the top layer of MIMO feed network that provided a high isolation between the radiating elements and array network. Furthermore, the diversity gain (DG) was studied. The extracted measured results illustrated an impedance bandwidth of 3.5–8.2 GHz at port 1 and 3.5–8.3 GHz at port 2 for VWSR < 2 and 3 dB ARBW of 4.6–7.6 GHz at port 1 and 4.6–7.5 GHz at port 2. The peak gain of 9.9 dBi was at 6 GHz.
Can Tree Planting Really Help Mitigate Climate Change?
Authors: Witman Sarah
Published: May 2017

It depends on where, when, and how.
Optical Sensors Can Shed Light on Particle Dynamics in the Ocean
Authors: Giering Sarah
Published: May 2017

First TOMCAT Workshop; Southampton, UK, 12–14 September 2016
Integrating Research of the Sun-Earth System
Authors: Jordanova Vania , Borovsky Joseph , Jordanov Valentin
Published: May 2017

International Symposium on Recent Observations and Simulations of the Sun-Earth System III; 11–16 September 2016, Varna, Bulgaria
The careg element reveals a common regulation of regeneration in the zebrafish myocardium and fin
Authors: Pfefferli Catherine , Jaźwińska Anna
Published: May 2017

The existence of common mechanisms regulating organ regeneration is an intriguing concept. Here we report on a regulatory element that is transiently activated during heart and fin regeneration in zebrafish. This element contains a ctgfa upstream sequence, called careg, which is induced by TGFβ/Activin-β signalling in the peri-injury zone of the myocardium and the fin mesenchyme. In addition, this reporter demarcates a primordial cardiac layer and intraray osteoblasts. Using genetic fate mapping, we show the regenerative competence of careg-expressing cells. The analysis of the heart reveals that the primordial cardiac layer is incompletely restored after cryoinjury, whereas trabecular and cortical cardiomyocytes contribute to myocardial regrowth. In regenerating fins, the activated mesenchyme of the stump gives rise to the blastema. Our findings provide evidence of a common regenerative programme in cardiomyocytes and mesenchyme that opens the possibility to further explore conserved mechanisms of the cellular plasticity in diverse vertebrate organs.
Correction: Corrigendum: Regulation of monocyte cell fate by blood vessels mediated by Notch signalling
Authors: Gamrekelashvili Jaba , Giagnorio Roberto , Jussofie Jasmin , Soehnlein Oliver , Duchene Johan , Briseño Carlos G. , Ramasamy Saravana K. , Krishnasamy Kashyap , Limbourg Anne , Häger Christine , Kapanadze Tamar , Ishifune Chieko , Hinkel Rabea , Radtke Freddy , Strobl Lothar J. , Zimber-Strobl Ursula , Napp L. Christian , Bauersachs Johann , Haller Hermann , Yasutomo Koji , Kupatt Christian , Murphy Kenneth M. , Adams Ralf H. , Weber Christian , Limbourg Florian P.
Published: May 2017

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 12597 (2016); Published: 31 August 2016; Updated: 3 May 2017 The authors inadvertently omitted Christine Häger, who was involved in the initial characterization of Notch mutant mice presented in this Article, from the author list and Author contributions statement.
Erratum: Layer-specificity in the effects of attention and working memory on activity in primary visual cortex
Authors: van Kerkoerle Timo , Self Matthew W. , Roelfsema Pieter R.
Published: May 2017

Nature Communications 8: Article number: 13804 (2017); Published: 5 January 2017; Updated: 3 May 2017 In Fig. 7b of this Article, traces depicting the average MUA response evoked by the target (red) and distractor (blue) were inadvertently omitted during the production process. The correct version of Fig.
A Local Counter-Regulatory Motif Modulates the Global Phase of Hormonal Oscillations
Authors: Park Dong-Ho , Song Taegeun , Hoang Danh-Tai , Xu Jin , Jo Junghyo
Published: May 2017

Counter-regulatory elements maintain dynamic equilibrium ubiquitously in living systems. The most prominent example, which is critical to mammalian survival, is that of pancreatic α and β cells producing glucagon and insulin for glucose homeostasis. These cells are not found in a single gland but are dispersed in multiple micro-organs known as the islets of Langerhans. Within an islet, these two reciprocal cell types interact with each other and with an additional cell type: the δ cell. By testing all possible motifs governing the interactions of these three cell types, we found that a unique set of positive/negative intra-islet interactions between different islet cell types functions not only to reduce the superficially wasteful zero-sum action of glucagon and insulin but also to enhance/suppress the synchronization of hormone secretions between islets under high/normal glucose conditions. This anti-symmetric interaction motif confers effective controllability for network (de)synchronization.
Quantitative Detection of Weak D Antigen Variants in Blood Typing using SPR
Authors: Then Whui Lyn , Aguilar Marie-Isabel , Garnier Gil
Published: May 2017

Modern techniques for quantifying blood group antibody-antigen interactions are very limited, especially for weaker interactions which result from low antigen expression and/or partial expression of the antigen structure. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection is often used to monitor and quantify bio-interactions. Previously, a regenerable, multi-fucntional platform for quantitative RBC phenotyping of normal antigen expression using SPR detection was reported. However, detection of weaker variants were not explored. Here, this sensitivity study used anti-human IgG antibodies immobilized to a gold sensor surface to two clinically important types of weaker D variants using SPR; weak D and partial D. Positive pre-sensitised cells bind to the anti-human IgG monolayer, and the response unit (RU) is reported (>100 RU). Unbound negative cells are directly eluted (<100 RU). Weak D cells were detected between a range of 180–580 RU, due to a lower expression of antigens. Partial D cells, category D VI, were also positively identified (352–1147 RU), similar to that of normal D antigens. The detection of two classes of weaker D variants was achieved for the first time using this fully regenerable SPR platform, opening up a new avenue to replace the current subjective and arbitrary methods for quantifying blood group antibody-antigen interactions.
Vertebral bone microarchitecture and osteocyte characteristics of three toothed whale species with varying diving behaviour
Authors: Rolvien Tim , Hahn Michael , Siebert Ursula , Püschel Klaus , Wilke Hans-Joachim , Busse Björn , Amling Michael , Oheim Ralf
Published: May 2017

Although vertebral bone microarchitecture has been studied in various tetrapods, limited quantitative data are available on the structural and compositional changes of vertebrae in marine mammals. Whales exhibit exceptional swimming and diving behaviour, and they may not be immune to diving-associated bone pathologies. Lumbar vertebral bodies were analysed in three toothed whale species: the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), orca (Orcinus orca)and harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) did not scale with body size, although the trabeculae were thicker, fewer in number and further apart in larger whale species than in the other two species. These parameters had a negative allometric scaling relationship with body length. In sperm whales and orcas, the analyses revealed a central ossification zone (“bone-within-bone”) with an increased BV/TV and trabecular thickness. Furthermore, a large number of empty osteocyte lacunae was observed in the sperm whales. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging showed that the lacunae were significantly smaller and less densely packed. Our results indicate that whales have a unique vertebral bone morphology with an inside-out appearance and that deep diving may result in a small number of viable osteocytes because of diving depth-related osteocyte death.
Correction: Corrigendum: Focal adhesion kinase activity is required for actomyosin contractility-based invasion of cells into dense 3D matrices
Authors: Mierke Claudia T. , Fischer Tony , Puder Stefanie , Kunschmann Tom , Soetje Birga , Ziegler Wolfgang H.
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 42780; published online: 16 February 2017; updated: 03 May 2017. This Article contains an error in the legend of Figure 5F. “(F) The Young’s modulus of suspended FAKwt/wt cells (blue, n = 20) is higher compared to suspended FAKR454/R454 cells (red, n = 20)”. should read:
Erratum: Towards an accurate description of perovskite ferroelectrics: exchange and correlation effects
Authors: Yuk Simuck F. , Pitike Krishna Chaitanya , Nakhmanson Serge M. , Eisenbach Markus , Li Ying Wai , Cooper Valentino R.
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 43482; published online: 03 March 2017; updated: 03 May 2017 This Article contains errors. In the ‘Results and Discussion’ section, “…the exchange energy per particle in a uniform gas with KF = 3π2 n. For s < 2, F x(s) of vdW-DF-C09 matches PBEsol, which tends to the form of the gradient expansion approximation (GEA)67; where F_x(s) = 1 + \mu s2 with \mu = 0.
Efficacy Evaluation of a non-contact automatic articulating paper dispenser in controlling articulating paper microbial contamination
Authors: Li Yajin , Chen Litong , Yuan Fusong , Li Yugui , Zhou Yongsheng , Sun Yuchun
Published: May 2017

This study is to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of using a non-contact automatic articulating paper dispenser for reducing microbial articulating paper contamination. Articulating papers in four-handed mode, non-four-handed mode, and via an automatic articulating paper dispenser were evaluated. An adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay was used to quantitatively measure the relative light unit (RLU) values of the rest unused articulating papers in the same package to detect contamination at 4 time points, and triplicate examinations were performed for all three methods. The RLUs were recorded, compared, and evaluated. For four-handed mode (n = 36), the RLUs at the four time points were 2.44, 32.89, 37.89, and 27.22, with a satisfactory rate of 94%. The RLUs for non-four-handed mode (n = 36) were 2.22, 286.44, 299.44, and 493.56, with a satisfactory rate of 36%. The RLUs for using the automatic dispenser (n = 36) were all 0 with a satisfactory rate of 100%. The satisfactory rates were significantly different among three methods. No significant differences were observed in the satisfactory rates for the four time points samples. Contact by gloved hands can cause severe biological contamination of articulating paper. However, by using standard four-handed mode or a non-contact automatic articulating paper dispenser, contamination can be controlled.
Posttreatment with Protectin DX ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and lung dysfunction in mice
Authors: Li Hui , Hao Yu , Zhang Huawei , Ying Weiyang , Li Dan , Ge Yahe , Ying Binyu , Cheng Bihuan , Lian Qingquan , Jin Shengwei
Published: May 2017

Protectin DX (10S,17S-dihydroxydocosa-4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid) (PDX), generated from Ω-3 fatty docosahexaenoic acids, is believed to exert anti-inflammatory and proresolution bioactions. To date, few studies have been performed regarding its effect on pulmonary fibrosis. Herein we show that PDX exerts a potential therapeutic effect which is distinct from its anti-inflammation and pro-resolution activity on mice with pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, we showed that bleomycin (BLM) increased inflammatory infiltration, collagen deposition, and lung dysfunction on day7 after challenged in mice. Posttreatment with PDX ameliorated BLM-induced inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and the level of cytokines related to fibrosis as evaluated by histology analysis, transformation electron microscope (TEM), lung hydroxyproline content and cytokines test. Moreover, PDX improved lung respiratory function, remedied BLM-induced hypoxemia and prolonged life span. In addition, we found that PDX reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypic transformation in vivo and in vitro, reinforcing a potential mechanism of promoting fibrosis resolution. In summary, our findings showed that posttreatment with PDX could ameliorate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and lung dysfunction in mice and PDX may be considered as a promising therapeutic approached to fibrotic lung diseases.
Erratum: A primary human macrophage-enteroid co-culture model to investigate mucosal gut physiology and host-pathogen interactions
Authors: Noel Gaelle , Baetz Nicholas W. , Staab Janet F. , Donowitz Mark , Kovbasnjuk Olga , Pasetti Marcela F. , Zachos Nicholas C.
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 45270; published online: 27 March 2017; updated: 03 May 2017 The previous PDF version of this Article contained a typographical error in the Results section under the subheading ‘Generation of mature human macrophages to establish a macrophage-enteroid co-culture system’.
Bent-core mesogens with an aromatic unit at the terminal position
Authors: Bajzíková Kvetoslava , Svoboda Jiří , Novotná Vladimíra , Pociecha Damian , Gorecka Ewa
Published: May 2017

Bent-core liquid crystals with a naphthalene central unit and an aromatic ring at the terminal position of molecular chains were synthesised with the aim of enhancing nanosegregation.
Isolated, well-defined organovanadium(iii) on silica: single-site catalyst for hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes
Authors: Sohn H. , Camacho-Bunquin J. , Langeslay R. R. , Ignacio-de Leon P. A. , Niklas J. , Poluektov O. G. , Liu C. , Connell J. G. , Yang D. , Kropf J. , Kim H. , Stair P. C. , Ferrandon M. , Delferro M.
Published: May 2017

Well-defined, isolated, single-site organovanadium(iii) catalyst on SiO2 for unprecedented liquid- and gas-phase hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes under mild conditions.
Revealing the electrophilicity of N-Ac indoles with FeCl3: a mechanistic study
Authors: Beaud Rodolphe , Nandi Raj Kumar , Perez-Luna Alejandro , Guillot Régis , Gori Didier , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Ghermani Nour-Eddine , Gandon Vincent , Vincent Guillaume
Published: May 2017

The puzzling hydroarylation ofN-Ac indoles promoted by iron trichloride involves a doubly activated intermediate: as supported by the electron density topology of a crystal, IR monitoring, and DFT calculations.
Composition-dependent electronic energy relaxation dynamics of metal domains as revealed by bimetallic Au144−xAgx(SC8H9)60 monolayer-protected clusters
Authors: Zheng Hongjun , Tofanelli Marcus A. , Ackerson Christopher J. , Knappenberger Kenneth L.
Published: May 2017

The influence of nanoscale composition on electronic relaxation is determined using monolayer-protected clusters as structurally precise model systems.
Time-resolved measurements of product formation in the low-temperature (550–675 K) oxidation of neopentane: a probe to investigate chain-branching mechanism
Authors: Eskola Arkke J. , Antonov Ivan O. , Sheps Leonid , Savee John D. , Osborn David L. , Taatjes Craig A.
Published: May 2017

Product formation was investigated in Cl-atom initiated neopentane oxidation experiments using a photoionization mass spectrometer.
Hydrophobic hydration and anomalous diffusion of elastin in an ethanolic solution
Authors: Pawar Nisha , Kaushik Priyanka , Bohidar H. B.
Published: May 2017

Pictorial depiction of solvation of elastin molecule in aqueous and ethanol solutions. Polymer chain collapse in water and swelling in binary solvent.
High pressure micromechanical force measurements of the effects of surface corrosion and salinity on CH4/C2H6 hydrate particle–surface interactions
Authors: Wang Shenglong , Hu Sijia , Brown Erika P. , Nakatsuka Matthew A. , Zhao Jiafei , Yang Mingjun , Song Yongchen , Koh Carolyn A.
Published: May 2017

CH4/C2H6 hydrate particle adhesion/cohesion forces were directly measured with the presence of surface corrosion and salt.
Influence of particle size and dielectric environment on the dispersion behaviour and surface plasmon in nickel nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Vikash , Chotia Chanderbhan , Tarachand Tarachand , Ganesan Vedachalaiyer , Okram Gunadhor S.
Published: May 2017

Schematic showing the effect of the dielectric environment on the zeta potential and UV-visible absorbance of monodispersed Ni nanoparticles.
Symmetry-breaking charge transfer in the excited state of directly linked push–pull porphyrin arrays
Authors: Kim Taeyeon , Kim Jinseok , Mori Hirotaka , Park Seongchul , Lim Manho , Osuka Atsuhiro , Kim Dongho
Published: May 2017

We revealed a symmetry-breaking charge transfer (SBCT) process in the excited state of a directly linked push–pull porphyrin dyad (AD) and triad (ADA) via both steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic measurements.
A simple quinolone Schiff-base containing CHEF based fluorescence ‘turn-on’ chemosensor for distinguishing Zn2+ and Hg2+ with high sensitivity, selectivity and reversibility
Authors: Dong Yuwei , Fan Ruiqing , Chen Wei , Wang Ping , Yang Yulin
Published: May 2017

A new quinoline-based chemosensor was synthesized for the sensing of Zn2+ and Hg2+. The degree of enhancement of the ICT and CHEF effects plays the key role to detect Zn2+ and Hg2+ with different fluorescence colors.
High performance electrospun bipolar membrane with a 3D junction
Authors: Shen Chunhui , Wycisk Ryszard , Pintauro Peter N.
Published: May 2017

New 3D junction bipolar membrane made by polymer electrospinning allows for very high water splitting current densities.
Li2TiSiO5: a low potential and large capacity Ti-based anode material for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Jingyuan , Pang Wei Kong , Zhou Tong , Chen Long , Wang Yonggang , Peterson Vanessa K. , Yang Zhongqin , Guo Zaiping , Xia Yongyao
Published: May 2017

Li2TiSiO4with a 0.28 V operational potential may fill the gap between the present 0.1 V carbonaceous and the 1.5 V Li4Ti5O12electrodes.
Coalescence of droplets on micro-structure patterned hydrophobic planar solid surfaces
Authors: Zhu Guiping , Fan Hui , Huang Hulin , Duan Fei
Published: May 2017

The motion and coalescence of sessile liquid droplets on patterned solid surfaces are investigated systematically in terms of the liquid and substrate surface properties.
Cascaded classifier for improving traffic classification accuracy
Authors: Lu Gang , Guo Ronghua
Published: May 2017

Machine learning (ML) techniques have been widely applied in recent traffic classification. However, the flow‐level statistics are prone to improve the accuracies for some applications; however, to reduce the accuracies for others. To address the problem, the authors propose a cascaded traffic classifier that is composed of both several binary sub‐classifiers and a multiclass sub‐classifier. The authors first present theorems that show how to make an optimal cascade of sub‐classifiers, and then design a cascaded classification algorithm for improving the accuracy of flow‐level traffic classification. In addition, to improve the classification speed, the authors propose a parallel scheme for the cascaded classifier. The authors evaluate their approaches on the traces captured from entirely different networks. Compared with the previous multiclass traffic classifiers built in one‐time training process, the cascaded classifier is superior in terms of the overall accuracy and the accuracy for each application.
Wide stopband bandpass filters based on quarter‐wavelength resonators
Authors: Tang Cong , Lin Xianqi , Liu Wangmao , Fan Yong
Published: May 2017

In this research, bandpass filters (BPFs) consisting of short‐ended quarter‐wavelength (λ/4) resonators with wide‐stopband and compact size are presented. Two feed lines with loaded open stubs are coupled to the λ/4 resonators. Since the spurious passbands near even times of the fundamental frequency f0 have been naturally suppressed by the short‐ended λ/4 transmission line, only the harmonics around odd times of f0 are remained. Transmission zeros are generated and controlled by the electrical lengths of coupled lines and loaded open stubs. They can be shifted to the locations of (2n + 1)f0 by properly allocating the electrical length of each part. Hence, in theory all the harmonics are suppressed and broad stopband is achieved. For verification, two BPFs with different orders are designed. Measured results of the second‐order BPF centred at 1.97 GHz indicate that the rejection level in the upper stopband, up to 7.1f0 and 9.09f0, is better than 41.8 and 27.1 dB, respectively. Simulated results of the third‐order BPF reveal that the rejection level of the upper stopband up to 17f0 is better than 32 dB. Excellent results demonstrate that the proposed BPFs are good candidates for wireless communication systems.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)germane
Authors: Pelzer Stefanie , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg , Ignat’ev Nikolai , Eujen Reint , Hoge Berthold
Published: May 2017

This paper describes the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)germane. In addition to a complete NMR spectroscopic characterization, including the rarely used 73Ge NMR spectroscopy, Ge(C2F5)4 was studied by IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry as well as X-ray diffraction analysis. A 73Ge NMR investigation as well as an X-ray diffraction study of the related germane Ge(CF3)4 are also included.
Cochlea-Implantation ab dem 70. Lebensjahr – Nutzen der bimodalen Versorgung mit Hörgerät und CI
Authors: Hinder Dominik , Linder Thomas , Schlegel-Wagner Christoph , Candreia Claudia
Published: May 2017

Die bimodale Versorgung mit Cochlea Implantat (CI) und Hörgerät (HG) auf dem Gegenohr führt zu guten audiologischen Resultaten bei Erwachsenen und Kindern. Bei älteren Patienten ist noch wenig bekannt über den Nutzen der bimodalen Versorgung. Ziel der Studie war, den subjektiven und objektiven Nutzen der bimodalen Versorgung im hohen Alter zu untersuchen, und einen möglichen Zusammenhang mit dem Restgehör herzustellen.

22 postlingual höchstgradig schwerhörige bis ertaubte Patienten mit Alter≥70 Jahre wurden von 2002 bis 2014 mit einseitigem CI versorgt. 17 Patienten waren bimodal (CI und HG) versorgt. Mittels retrospektiver Datenanalyse und strukturierter Befragung wurde der audiologische und subjektive Nutzen beurteilt. Das Zeitintervall von Implantation bis zur letzten audiologischen Messung betrug 6 Monate–12 Jahre.

Bimodal betrug die durchschnittliche Einsilberverständlichkeit 61% (in Ruhe bei 65db SPL, binaurale Messung mit CI und HG „best-aided“). Mit CI alleine betrug die durchschnittliche Einsilberverständlichkeit 53%. Der Unterschied von 8% war statistisch nicht signifikant (p=0.35). Das Restgehör auf dem HG-Ohr bei 250 Hz, 500 Hz und 1 kHz zeigte keine statistisch signifikante Korrelation mit dem bimodalen Nutzen.

Wir konnten einen deutlichen subjektiven Nutzen der bimodalen Versorgung im hohen Alter bestätigen. In Ruhe und im Vergleich mit CI alleine erreichte die Mehrzahl der Patienten bimodal zwar nur eine gering verbesserte Einsilberverständlichkeit, alle trugen jedoch das HG ganztägig. Das Cochleaimplantat führt auch im hohen Alter bereits nach wenigen Monaten zu einer nutzbaren Sprachverständlichkeit, welche sich im Langzeitverlauf weiter verbessern kann. Bei vorhandenem Restgehör empfehlen wir die regelmässige Überprüfung der bestehenden HG-Versorgung.