bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oluf Danielsen og Bent Sørensen: Energikriser og udviklingsperspektiver. København: 1983. 197 s., 50,00 kr.
Authors: Chr. Sidenius Niels
Published: March 2020

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Den permanente revolutions teori
Authors: Stender-Petersen Ole
Published: March 2020

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Per Selle, Norges Kommunistiske Parti 1945-1950, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1983. 222 sider, 148,00 N.kr.
Authors: Svensson Palle
Published: March 2020

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Thomas Mølsted Jørgensen, De sociale udgifter 1970-1980, Socialforskningsinstituttets nr. 47, København: Teknisk Forlag, 1983. 177 sider, 40,00 kr.
Authors: Nørby Johansen Lars
Published: March 2020

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[Ingen Titel]
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

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Poul Erik Mouritzen & Henrik Toft Jensen (red.), Samspillet mellem Staten og Kommunerne, København: Samfundsvidenskabeligt Forlag, 1984, 283 s., 170,00 kr.
Authors: Nørgaard Madsen Ole
Published: March 2020

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Leiv Mjeldheim, Folkrørsla som vart parti. Venstre fra 1880åra til 1905, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1984, 551 s.
Authors: Elklit Jørgen
Published: March 2020

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Finn Schultz Rasmussen og Torben Jakobsen, Godt nyt for Landsbybeboerne. En håndbog med nyere idéer til løsning af typiske landsbyproblemer, Århus: Arkitektskolen, 1983, 168 s.
Authors: Frederiksen John
Published: March 2020

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Henrik S. Nissen (ed.), Scandinavia during the Second World War, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget; Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 1983, 407 s., 183,00 kr.
Authors: Petersen Nikolaj
Published: March 2020

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Anders Kjellberg, Fackling organisering i tolv länder, Lund: Arkiv forlag, 1983, 338 s.
Authors: A. Buksti Jacob
Published: March 2020

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Den satans statskundskab?
Authors: Bjergved Poul
Published: March 2020

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Indhold mm.
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

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BESKRIVELSE OG VURDERING
Authors: FINK HANS
Published: March 2020

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IDEHISTORIE - HVORFOR OG HVORDAN?
Authors: NANNESTAD OLSEN P.
Published: March 2020

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LITT OM IDEHISTORIENS "HVORDAN¨
Authors: Henrik NYHEIM JAN
Published: March 2020

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OM SÆTNINGER I CIVIL OG I UNIFORM
Authors: HENRIK BRUUN HANS
Published: March 2020

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OM SOCIALDEMOKRATIETS RYK TIL VENSTRE
Authors: BORRE OLE
Published: March 2020

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POLITISK LIV MED TO PARTIER
Authors: HAARDER BERTEL
Published: March 2020

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Johan Galtung, Peace by Peaceful Means. Peace and Conflict, Devolment and Civilization, London: Sage, 1996, 180s., GBP 13.95.
Authors: Holm Hans-Henrik
Published: March 2020

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Michael Hertz, Et ministerium finder sin form. Landbrugsministeriet 1896-J923, København: G.E.C Gad, 1996, 360 s., kr. 348,00.
Authors: MF -
Published: March 2020

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Kurt Klaudi Klausen, Offentlig Organisation, Strategi og Ledelse, Odense: Odense Universitetsforlag, 1996,132 s., kr. 150,00.
Authors: Grønnegård Christensen Jørgen
Published: March 2020

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HVAD ER POLITISK VIDENSKAB?
Authors: Helveg Petersen Karen
Published: March 2020

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SPECIALET: SKØN TEORI - BRUTAL PRAKSIS
Authors: Jørgen Thögersen Niels
Published: March 2020

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Den foragtede samaritan
Authors: Johansson Per-Olof
Published: March 2020

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NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI: FYRSTEN
Authors: Haarder Bertel
Published: March 2020

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SPECIALEOVERSIGT
Authors: Krabbe Birte
Published: March 2020

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Specialereferat
Authors: Svendsen Per
Published: March 2020

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Systembegrebet i Niklas Luhmanns organisationssociologi
Authors: Henrik Bruun Hans
Published: March 2020

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Marxistisk erkendelsesteori
Authors: Nordal Svendsen Urik
Published: March 2020

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Historiens plads i samfundsforskningen
Authors: Fink Jørgen
Published: March 2020

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Teoribegrebet og den politiske videnskab
Authors: Nedergård Viggo
Published: March 2020

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Om David Eastons "generelle teori"
Authors: Svensson Palle
Published: March 2020

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Tendenser innen nyere amerikansk politologi: Noen inntrykk og bemerkninger angående diskusjonen omkring kvantitativ versus kvalitativ metodikk
Authors: Gaasholt Øystein
Published: March 2020

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3. ØKONOMISK UDVIKLING I INDIEN
Authors: Bislev Sven
Published: March 2020

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Goran Therborn: "Klasser och ekonomiska system"
Authors: Chr. Sidenius Niels
Published: March 2020

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Forvaltningslærens placering - teoretisk og praktisk
Authors: Nørgaard Madsen Ole
Published: March 2020

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Anmeldelse af: Ellee Brun & Jacques Hersh: Kapitalismens udviklingssystem Lærebog om i- & u-lande Gyldendals logbøger - 1972
Authors: Theil John
Published: March 2020

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Modtagne bøger:
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

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Strejketeorier
Authors: Due Jesper , Madsen Jørgen Steen
Published: March 2020

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Om arbejdsmarkedsforhold og arbejdsmarkedspolitik
Authors: Tikjøb Olsen Niels
Published: March 2020

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LENIN OG DEN VIDENSKABELIGE FORUDSIGELSES PROBLEM
Authors: Glezerman G.E.
Published: March 2020

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TEORIEN OM DEN STATSMONOPOLISTISKE KAPITALISME (STAMOKAP)
Authors: Lundkvist: Niels
Published: March 2020

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Speciale: Sovjetisk Afrikaforskning
Authors: Føge Jensen Peter
Published: March 2020

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KVINDER OG POLITIK
Authors: Wulff: Charlotte
Published: March 2020

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DEN KONKRETE ANALYSE
Authors: Andersen Johannes
Published: March 2020

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Temaindledning
Authors: Mogensen Poul , S. Lauridsen Laurids , Skovgård Nielsen Carsten
Published: March 2020

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Rids af planlægningselementernes udvikling i Danmark
Authors: Bislev Sven
Published: March 2020

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Staten i den tredie verden: autonomi og samfundsmæssig bestemmelse.
Authors: Beckman: Bjorn
Published: March 2020

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Til belysning af den indiske stats interventionsmåde; En analyse af den statslige industrisektor og operationelle kontrolforanstaltninger over for den private industrisektor
Authors: Martinussen John
Published: March 2020

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Den ægyptiske stat: Statsinterventionismens former og effekter
Authors: Rye Olsen Gorm
Published: March 2020

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Stat og fagbevægelse i Tunesien
Authors: Møller Pedersen: Ib
Published: March 2020

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Grænser og muligheder for fagforeningsaktion
Authors: Anderson: Perry
Published: March 2020

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Redaktion mm.
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

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Den indiske stats økonomiske politik og de multinationale selskaber; Bidrag til en analyse af den ekstra-societale determination af statsfunktionerne
Authors: Martinussen: John
Published: March 2020

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Multinationale selskaber i Sydafrika
Authors: Bislev: Sven
Published: March 2020

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Tidsskriftet POLITICA
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

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Anmeldelse af Lone Spanheimer: Kunsten at gøre sig forstået. Reitzel, København 1977. 130 sider, kr. 48,75.
Authors: Bakke: Marit
Published: March 2020

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[Ingen Titel]
Authors: Meyer: Poul
Published: March 2020

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En analyse af danske politiske partiers EF-politik
Authors: Siune Karen , Lehmann Sørensen: Carsten
Published: March 2020

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Nogle bemærkninger om Fremskridtspartiet og arbejderklassen
Authors: Goul Andersen: Jørgen
Published: March 2020

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Innowacyjność –polski problem rozwojowy. Doganianie Zachodu w warunkach nieciągłości
Authors: Jędrzejczak Grzegorz , Sterniczuk Henryk
Published: March 2020

Przedmiotem tej publikacji są refl eksje nad wyzwaniami i zagrożeniami dla skutecznej polityki gospodarczej niezbędnej dla realizacji wyzwań rozwojowych stojących przed Polską w nadchodzących dziesięcioleciach. Staramy się więc pokazać szerszą perspektywę zmian gospodarczych – ich motywacji, ograniczeń i kontekstu. Zainteresowanie takim podejściem wynika zarówno z naszych doświadczeń zawodowych, jak i wynikającego z nich „praktycznego przekonania”. Nasze zawodowe doświadczenie to ponad dwudziestoletnie zaangażowanie w transformację gospodarki polskiej oraz gospodarek byłych krajów socjalistycznych Europy Wschodniej i ZSRR. Efektem tych doświadczeń jest „praktyczne przekonanie”, że sukces gospodarczy nie jest wynikiem racjonalnie wypracowanych konstrukcji „jak powinno być” ale poprawnej identyfikacji „co się da zrobić”, będącej wynikiem splotu historycznych uwarunkowań i społecznej determinacji.
NET EXPORTS OF THE EUROPEAN POST-TRANSITION COUNTRIES: THE DYNAMIC FACTOR APPROACH
Authors: Bilas Vlatka , Bošnjak Mile , Lacković Vincek Zrinka
Published: March 2020

The paper brings the common and unobserved factor of net exports of the six European post-transition countries, namely Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Latvia and Romania. The data sample consists of the quarterly net exports time series for the period 1996q1 – 2017q2. The results out of the dynamic factor analysis (DFA) revealed that one hidden random walk explains 53.17% of temporal variation in net exports of the observed sample countries. The relationship between unobserved hidden factor and net exports of Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary is found to be positive while the Romanian net export was negatively affected. However, the unobserved factor identified in this paper cannot explain the net export in case of Latvia.
IMPACT OF SHARING INFORMATION WITH SUPPLIER AND BUYER ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF FOOD COMPANIES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Puška Adis , Stević Željko , Šadić Sead
Published: March 2020

In the turbulent environment which is characterized by constant market changes and the development of informational technologies, supply chain is becoming the key instrument for competitive advantage. To survive on the market and be competitive, enterprises have to share and distribute knowledge and information. Information sharing affects the fundamental decisions of the supply chain management. Information sharing with partners is a precondition for the exchange of knowledge needed for business. Most important partners for every enterprise are their suppliers and buyers. Suppliers and buyers are key participants of the supply chain from which they get needed information. Relations with suppliers and buyers are an important precondition for the improvement of the operative performance of the enterprise. Sharing information with suppliers and buyers is done in the following way: information delivered to suppliers, information obtained from the supplier, information delivered to buyers and information obtained from buyers. To examine the impact of the supply chain used an empirical study about multi-dimensional relations. The research is focused on information sharing by food industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). A random systematic sample was used to distribute the questionnaire to these companies. Collected data is analysed using the Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the model was tested using the Structural equations model (SEM). The results showed that information sharing impacts the improvement of the organizational performance of companies, and partnerships with supplier and buyer impact on the information sharing. Results of this study showed that information sharing does not have a significant impact on the sub constructors of operative performances of the enterprise because there is no significant connection with flexibility, while for the other constructors there is a significant connection between information sharing and operative performances of the enterprise. Based on these facts, it examined the importance information sharing in the supply chain for the development of partnerships and improvement of performance this companies. The results will help managers on food industry in BiH how to improve quality of the information sharing through partnerships and how to developing operative performances companies. The model gives directions for developing business enterprises in food industry using information sharing within the supply chain. Apart from that, obtained results contributed to the better understanding of the significance of the information sharing in the food supply industry enterprises. Based on what is said, to improve the business of the enterprise, it is needed to share quality information which is possible to get through improving cooperation with key participants in the supply chain.
SALES PROMOTION AS A FUNCTION IN MERCHANDISING
Authors: Vidović Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

Behavior of consumers consists of a series of psychological and physical activities in individual process of selecting, purchasing and consuming the products. The purpose and scope of this paper is to investigate the essence of aspects and functions by which merchandising affects the improvement of business in retail environments. The aim of this paper is to determine to what extent the proper product positioning has a direct impact on the improvement of sales results, as well as how to draw attention to a particular product in addition to large number of competing products. On the basis of the aforementioned subject of research, this research presents the possibility of organizing merchandising activities as a kind of cooperation between producers and traders. The research was carried out in such a way that the following hypothesis can be examined on the selected sample: H0- that consumers make the purchasing decision within a moment, which means in front of the shelves where the products are exposed, as well as the auxiliary hypothesis H1- the introduction of a mercantile system into the modern retail business facilities influences the increase in the company’s business results. After the completion of the survey research, the empirical data were processed by the statistical program package for social sciences SPSS 22 and StatPlus 2009.
THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ON HIGHER EDUCATION, LABOUR MARKET EFFICIENCY AND INNOVATION
Authors: Obhodaš Ibrahim , Jaganjac Jamila
Published: March 2020

The demographic changes and trends notable in the Balkan countries hit Bosnia and Herzegovina as well. Migration of the population is the result of economic stagnation and living standards far below the EU average. For this reason, the number of the working-age population seeking to move to Western Europe countries is raising. The first aim of the research is to predict the demographic trends expected by the year 2050, using demographic data from the last thirteen years. In addition to this, the aim is to analyze how demographic changes affect higher education and training, labor market efficiency, and innovation. Comparing these variables with population trends, this paper identifies if there is a correlation between them. The research is based on hypothesis that there is a correlation between the country’s competitiveness pillars and demographic trends. The hypotesis is tested using statistical methods. Current demographic trends, along with other factors, have an impact on the weakening of the competitiveness of Bosnia and Herzegovina. One of the reasons could be that demographic changes are mainly related to the young and working-age population, as valuable human capital of the country.
ADAPTIVE Managamement of the Theatre: musical beetween institution and the market
Authors: Ristić Maja , Tadić Darko
Published: March 2020

Nowdays, it has become impossible to study theater isolation, apart from the new social and cultural phenomena:globalisation, dominations of spectacl and cosmopolitanisam, and industry culture.Cheapter and faster communications have become key factors in the development of globalizations.Globalization refers to the interconnectedness of the nation and the world, growing worldtrad, the spread of cultural products and exchange ideas in the field of culture, the relationship between peopeles of the world. Mass culture or culture on the mass industrial production standard adresses the general population irrespective of its social and cultural status. We can no longer consider theatre and musical only as a part of the national elitist culture, since they are begining to take shape of the popular culture as well melodramatics, superficiality, sensationalism and of bodlly expression. These, theatre and musical have became fluid and hybrid form of contemperary culture, so that, in order to survive, they must open themselves to the market, and become commodity, comercial and respondent to the needs and intrests of audience. The audience, as shows by many conteperary researches is inkcreasingly interestad on waching musical and comedy perfromances. What was once considered to be „hight culture“, nowdays, is becomig „popular culture“, whereas the entire cultural field can be axplained as a battleground for offical and alternative culture. Through shows like musical aspatation of Dusan Kovacevic text „The marathon Family“ musical acquaries the of the nacional „elite“ culture, while through shows adapted from movies (Chicago, Cabaretm Gipsy Fly in the Sky) is become a part of popular culture. The question that we should ask is „wheter the institutional perfromans of the musical theater diminishes the walue and social status of the institution, or theater should develop izself independently by independently by performing amusing and musical forms?In the time of the Internet and new tehnologies of domination, theater are turning spectacular and cimmercial theatrick forms. The use of adaptive quality managamement should reconcile these isues and strategically possition theatre, determine its mission, develop new programs and more flexible management methods and evemtualy atract more public. Adaptive quality management impliesthe cycle defining development methods, analiysis of the problems, finding new strategic solutions, flexibile organizational structure, democratic leadership and managament flexibility. This kind of leadership of the organization will alow her more money, and more tickets sold. The theatre will be accessible to a mass audience and create his own ensemble, and will be better positioned in the market of culture.
The development of public self-organization in the Russian political and legal space on the example of the activity of Moscow Law Society (1865-1899)
Authors: Omelaenko Valentina
Published: February 2020

The subject of this research is the activity of Moscow Law Society (1865-1899). Its work is demonstrated in legal and political aspect of the development of public self-organization in Russia in the late XIX century. Emphasis is made on the aspects of activity of the organization pertinent to sociopolitical problematic, development of legal culture, ideas and practices of legal state, as well as contribution of members of the society to the development of liberal movement. The author also analyzes publishing activity of the society, and collaboration with the county self-governance. It is demonstrated that over the time of its existence, Moscow Law Society walked the path from a coterie in the university, which main goal was the discussion of questions of judicial reform and law, to the social significant organization that turned into a political association. The testimony to that is the particular results achieved by the society, as well as the actions of authorities with regards to its closure.
The Love of Aerial Practice: Art, Embodiment, Phronesis
Authors: Kosma Maria , Erickson Nick
Published: March 2020

Background of study: Given the importance of movement and low exercise adherence among young adults, it is imperative to understand reasons for the love of movement. Objective: The purpose of this phronetic, qualitative study was to examine if the values of aerial practice encompassed elements of embodiment, techne (art), and phronesis (practical wisdom). Method: Participants were 13 undergraduate college students in an aerial practice class. Individual-based interview topics included exercise behavior and the values and meaning of aerial practice. Results: All participants were active regardless of aerial practice classification (e.g., beginners vs advanced). Beyond aerial practice, other exercises included dancing, yoga and aerial yoga, Pilates, aerobic activities (e.g., running and spinning classes), rock climbing and hiking, weight lifting, somatics and acrobatics. Based on the first theme, the love of aerial practice, techne aspects reflected fitness, skill improvement; challenging, infinite learning and determination. Art, performativity, fluidity included techne and embodiment, while the sensation of whole-body movement encompassed an embodied element for the love of aerial silks. A combination of phronetic and embodied elements were sense of community and inclusivity; novelty; it fits me. Embodied qualities of the second theme, challenges with aerial practice, included fear, injuries, bruises, pain. Fitness, skill, performance and the struggle to learn new movements linked to techne and the integral parts of movement. Phronetic categories regarding situation-specific reflections were time on the silk and unhealthy competition in the business world (territorial traits and lack of sharing). The third theme was future exercise plans and its categories included phronetic (decision-related) elements: practice and/or teach aerial silks; keep exercising. Conclusion: Artistic, embodied, and phronetic approaches in movement education can enhance the value and pursuit of movement.
Comparison of Gait Pattern in Athletes with ACL Deficiency and Healthy Individual using an Accelerometer
Authors: Sadeghi Heydar , Fazlali Hesam , Sadeghi Saba , Seyedmojtaba Ojaghi Seyedmojtaba
Published: March 2020

Background: In athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiencies could assess functional capabilities with different instruments such as use of a camera in vivo situation. However, these methods have suffered from a large number of limitations such as inability to be repeatable and complexity in technique. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to compare gait pattern of the athletes with ACL injury and able-bodied subjects using an accelerometer. Method: A three-dimensional accelerometer was placed over the tibia tuberosity of 20 healthy and 20 individuals with ACL-deficiencies (ACLD). After walking on the treadmill, the principal components of the acceleration data were calculated using MATLAB software. Results: In this study, Principle Component analysis was used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that subjects with ACL deficiency have different gait pattern compared to the control group. The major differences between stride trajectories of the two groups were at the end of mid-swing and the beginning of terminal swing phases in vertical axis. ACL deficient subjects exhibited different gait patterns during mid and terminal stance phases in anterior- posterior axis compared with normal controls. Conclusions: The difference in gait between subjects with ACL deficiency and healthy subjects are depends on variation in the amount of knee flexion and tibia rotation that could be altered to motor recruitment.
Earth Observation-based Damage Assessment of 2018 Flood in Parts of Hadejia-Jama’ are River Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Odewole B. A. , Yusuf A. Y. , Ibrahim S. O. , Jibrin G.
Published: February 2020

Floods, Landslides, Forest fire, Volcanoes, Hurricanes and Tsunami among others are indeed considered as the most natural hazards that cause loosed of resources which includes human lives. Hadejia-Jama’ are River Valley has a well-known seasonal occurrence of floodings with maximum interval of five years incidents historically. Among these disasters floods especially along the river basin particularly in developing nations like Nigeria became a regular disaster with state of frequent occurrences almost seasonally. This study assessed pre-flood and post-flood nature of floodplain along Hadejia-Jama’ are from Jigawa to Tiga Dam in Kano State. Remotely sensed sentinel 2 satellite data and ALOS Digital Surface Model (DSM) was used for the study. The sentinel images were subjected to image pre-processing activities such as geometric correction and radiometric correction. To focus on the flood plain, a 5 km buffer of the area around Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin from Jigawa to Tiga dam were extracted from the data by using the extract/clip tools in ArcGIS 10.3 software. Findings of the study revealed that dominant land use along the floodplain prior to flood include bare surface, patches of agriculture/vegetation, settlement, water body. The study also revealed that patterns of flood damages vary irrespective of the risk with areas like Dawakin Kudu and Garun mallam were witnessing more flood damages than Miga LGA of Jigawa State. It is, therefore, concluded that Earth observation and its applications are useful tools/methods for flood damages assessment and evaluation as well as a basis for taking proactive steps in mitigating flood hazard along floodplains and another flood prone environment.
Analysis of Thermally Controlled Poultry Housing Using CFD
Authors: Tehinse T. O. , Falayi F. R. , Aduewa T. O. , Alatise M. O. , Osho B. I.
Published: February 2020

Poultry industry’s development in the past two decades and the need for increased animal protein sources in the hot regions of the world, require the need to develop housing system that is thermally controlled for optimal production. The research was carried out at Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The facility consisted of a broiler house of 6 rooms enclosed by masonry sidewalls at the base and insulated plywood at the upper section of the house with each experimental room equipped with blower, suction fan and heater. The data were monitored at the most critical time of the day – 1 pm during the dry season. Experimental data were recorded using developed and calibrated data logger. The 5 experimental rooms are programed to 5 temperature levels (41, 38, 35, 32 and 29°C) characterizing extreme heat boundary conditions for broilers with fans programmed at 1.5 m/s air velocity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the thermal distribution in solid-wall broiler houses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The CFD technique allows visualizing air flow according to different running condition for each room for exhaust fans, as well as other parameters. The simulation was used to determine the air temperature variation, inner wall temperature, external temperature, air velocity distribution, external wall heat flux, pressure and wall heat transfer coefficient in all the experimental rooms of poultry house. The simulated air flow pattern and temperature distribution in the experimental rooms were analyzed and the result revealed increase room temperature as the preset room temperature increases. However, the velocity profile in all the room shows buildup of air at the outlet vent due to turbulence created by the suction fans. The pressure profile across the rooms was relatively the same.
AC Analysis of Differential Active Balun Topology
Authors: Gomez Frederick Ray I.
Published: March 2020

The current manuscript aimed to study a differential active balun circuit in terms of the small-signal analysis, implemented in a standard 90-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Small-signal or alternating current (AC) response or frequency response of the active balun determines the maximum frequency of operation and the effective bandwidth of the circuit. With the analysis, the active balun circuit could be modeled and designed to achieve gain or attenuation at the desired frequency of operation. Design tradeoffs are inevitable and are carefully considered in the analysis and design. Eventually, the differential active balun design achieved a gain difference better than 1 dB and a phase difference of 180°±10° or better at the frequency of operation of 5.8 GHz, comparable to previous designs and researches.
Programmed death‐ligand 1 gene expression is a prognostic marker in early breast cancer and provides additional prognostic value to 21‐gene and 70‐gene signatures in estrogen receptor‐positive disease
Authors: Zerdes Ioannis , Sifakis Emmanouil G. , Matikas Alexios , Chrétien Sebastian , Tobin Nicholas P. , Hartman Johan , Rassidakis George Z. , Bergh Jonas , Foukakis Theodoros
Published: March 2020

Gene and protein expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) are prognostic in early breast cancer (BC), but their prognostic information is inconsistent at least in some biological subgroups. The validated prognostic gene signatures (GS) in BC are mainly based on proliferation and estrogen receptor (ER)‐related genes. Here, we aimed to explore the prognostic capacity of PD‐L1 expression at the protein vs mRNA levels and to investigate the prognostic information that PD‐L1 can potentially add to routinely used GS. Gene expression data were derived from two early BC cohorts (cohort 1: 562 patients; cohort 2: 1081 patients). Tissue microarrays from cohort 1 were immunohistochemically (IHC) stained for PD‐L1 using the SP263 clone. GS scores (21‐gene, 70‐gene) were calculated, and likelihood‐ratio (LR) tests and concordance indices were used to evaluate the additional prognostic information for each signature. The immune cell composition was also evaluated using the CIBERSORT in silico tool. PD‐L1 gene and protein expressions were independently associated with better prognosis. In ER+/HER2− patients, PD‐L1 gene expression provided significant additional prognostic information beyond that of both 21‐GS [LR‐Δχ2 = 15.289 and LR‐Δχ2 = 8.812, P < 0.01 for distant metastasis‐free interval (DMFI) in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively] and 70‐GS score alone (LR‐Δχ2 = 18.198 and LR‐Δχ2 = 8.467, P < 0.01 for DMFI in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively). PD‐L1 expression was correlated with IHC‐determined CD3+ cells (r = 0.41, P < 0.001) and with CD8+ (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) and CD4+ memory activated (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) but not with memory resting (r = −0.063, P = 0.14) or regulatory (r = −0.12, P < 0.01) T cells in silico. PD‐L1 gene expression represents a promising favorable prognostic marker and can provide additional prognostic value to 21‐ and 70‐gene scores in ER+/HER2− BC.
Photon skyshine from medical linear accelerators
Authors: McDermott Patrick N.
Published: March 2020

A widely used formula for the prediction of photon skyshine has been shown to be very inaccurate by comparison with numerous measurements. Discrepancies of up to an order of magnitude have been observed. In addition to this, the formula does not predict the observed dependence on field size, nor the fact that skyshine dose rates exhibit a local maximum. A scaling formula is derived here, with a single fitting parameter, which properly accounts for these properties, provides physical insight into the skyshine phenomenon, and is more accurate. The location of the maximum dose rate depends on the ratio of the roof height above isocenter to the distance from the isocenter to the outer surface of the sidewall. For nominal linac room dimensions, the maximum dose occurs at a distance from the outer wall of approximately two times the height of the roof above the isocenter. The skyshine dose rate is proportional to the field area and not Ω1.3, as predicted by the standard formula, where Ω is the solid angle subtended by the beam. For lightly shielded roofs (concrete thickness less than about 0.5 m), the photon skyshine for 6 MV exceeds that for 18 MV. Evidence is presented that at intermediate distances the skyshine declines as one over the distance and not one over the distance squared. Predictions of skyshine dose rates depend critically on accurate knowledge of the roof transmission factor. If a roof is shielded so as to avoid designation as a “high radiation area,” photon skyshine will be negligible.
Core–Shell Nanoparticle Interface and Wetting Properties
Authors: Engström Joakim , Brett Calvin J. , Körstgens Volker , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Ohm Wiebke , Malmström Eva , Roth Stephan V.
Published: March 2020

Latex colloids are among the most promising materials for broad thin film applications due to their facile surface functionalization. Yet, the effect of these colloids on chemical film and wetting properties cannot be easily evaluated. At the nanoscale, core–shell particles can deform and coalesce during thermal annealing, yielding fine‐tuned physical properties. Two different core–shell systems (soft and rigid) with identical shells but with chemically different core polymers and core sizes are investigated. The core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) are probed during thermal annealing in order to investigate their behavior as a function of nanostructure size and rigidity. X‐ray scattering allows to follow the re‐arrangement of the NPs and the structural evolution in situ during annealing. Evaluation by real‐space imaging techniques reveals a disappearance of the structural integrity and a loss of NP boundaries. The possibility to fine‐tune the wettability by tuning the core–shell NPs morphology in thin films provides a facile template methodology for repellent surfaces.
Materials, Mechanics Designs, and Bioresorbable Multisensor Platforms for Pressure Monitoring in the Intracranial Space
Authors: Yang Quansan , Lee Seungae , Xue Yeguang , Yan Ying , Liu Tzu‐Li , Kang Seung‐Kyun , Lee Yung Jong , Lee Seok Hwan , Seo Min‐Ho , Lu Di , Koo Jahyun , MacEwan Matthew R. , Yin Rose T. , Ray Wilson Z. , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A.
Published: March 2020

Pressures in the intracranial, intraocular, and intravascular spaces are important parameters in assessing patients with a range of conditions, of particular relevance to those recovering from injuries or from surgical procedures. Compared with conventional devices, sensors that disappear by natural processes of bioresorption offer advantages in this context, by eliminating the costs and risks associated with retrieval. A class of bioresorbable pressure sensor that is capable of operational lifetimes as long as several weeks and physical lifetimes as short as several months, as combined metrics that represent improvements over recently reported alternatives, is presented. Key advances include the use of 1) membranes of monocrystalline silicon and blends of natural wax materials to encapsulate the devices across their top surfaces and perimeter edge regions, respectively, 2) mechanical architectures to yield stable operation as the encapsulation materials dissolve and disappear, and 3) additional sensors to detect the onset of penetration of biofluids into the active sensing areas. Studies that involve monitoring of intracranial pressures in rat models over periods of up to 3 weeks demonstrate levels of performance that match those of nonresorbable clinical standards. Many of the concepts reported here have broad applicability to other classes of bioresorbable technologies.
The Structural Origins of Wood Cell Wall Toughness
Authors: Maaß Mona‐Christin , Saleh Salimeh , Militz Holger , Volkert Cynthia A.
Published: March 2020

The remarkable mechanical stability of wood is primarily attributed to the hierarchical fibrous arrangement of the polymeric components. While the mechanisms by which fibrous cell structure and cellulose microfibril arrangements lend stiffness and strength to wood have been intensively studied, the structural origins of the relatively high splitting fracture toughness remain unclear. This study relates cellulose microfibril arrangements to splitting fracture toughness in pine wood cell walls using in situ electron microscopy and reveals a previously unknown toughening mechanism: the specific arrangement of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall deflects cracks from the S2 layer to the S1/S2 interface, and, once there, causes the crack to be repetitively arrested and shunted along the interface in a zig‐zag path. It is suggested that this natural adaptation of wood to achieve tough interfaces and then deflect and trap cracks at them can be generalized to provide design guidelines to improve toughness of high‐performance and renewable engineering materials.
Dopant‐Free Organic Hole‐Transporting Material for Efficient and Stable Inverted All‐Inorganic and Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Kui , Wang Jing , Wu Fei , Xue Qifan , Yao Qin , Zhang Jianquan , Chen Yihuang , Zhang Guangye , Zhu Zonglong , Yan He , Zhu Linna , Yip Hin‐Lap
Published: March 2020

Designing new hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) with desired chemical, electrical, and electronic properties is critical to realize efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with a p–i–n structure. Herein, the synthesis of a novel 3D small molecule named TPE‐S and its application as an HTM in PVSCs are shown. The all‐inorganic inverted PVSCs made using TPE‐S, processed without any dopant or post‐treatment, are highly efficient and stable. Compared to control devices based on the commonly used HTM, PEDOT:PSS, devices based on TPE‐S exhibit improved optoelectronic properties, more favorable interfacial energetics, and reduced recombination due to an improved trap passivation effect. As a result, the all‐inorganic CsPbI2Br PVSCs based on TPE‐S demonstrate a remarkable efficiency of 15.4% along with excellent stability, which is the one of the highest reported values for inverted all‐inorganic PVSCs. Meanwhile, the TPE‐S layer can also be generally used to improve the performance of organic/inorganic hybrid inverted PVSCs, which show an outstanding power conversation efficiency of 21.0%, approaching the highest reported efficiency for inverted PVSCs. This work highlights the great potential of TPE‐S as a simple and general dopant‐free HTM for different types of high‐performance PVSCs.
Efficient Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate [NADP(H)] Recycling in Closed‐Loop Continuous Flow Biocatalysis
Authors: Baumer Benedikt , Classen Thomas , Pohl Martina , Pietruszka Jörg
Published: March 2020

Biocatalytic redox reactions regularly depend on expensive cofactors that require recycling. For continuous conversions in flow chemistry, this is often an obstacle since the cofactor is washed away. Here, we present a quasi‐stationary recycling system for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate utilizing an immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase. Four model substrates were reduced with high enantioselectivity as a proof of concept. The two‐phase system enables continuous production as well as quick substrate changes. This setup may serve as a general cofactor regeneration module for continuous biocatalytic devices employing (co‐)substrates being miscible in organic solvent. The system resulted in space‐time yields up to 117 g L−1 h−1 and total turnover numbers for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate higher than 12,000 mol/mol are possible.

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Ultrathin Few‐Layer GeP Nanosheets via Lithiation‐Assisted Chemical Exfoliation and Their Application in Sodium Storage
Authors: Yang Fuhua , Hong Jian , Hao Junnan , Zhang Shilin , Liang Gemeng , Long Jun , Liu Yuqing , Liu Nana , Pang Wei Kong , Chen Jun , Guo Zaiping
Published: March 2020

Ultrathin few‐layer materials have attracted intensive research attention because of their distinctive and unique properties. Few‐layer GeP (FL‐GP) is potentially interesting for application in electronics and optoelectronics because of its appropriate band gap and good stability under ambient conditions. Nevertheless, it is a challenge to achieve ultrathin few‐layer or single layer GeP from exfoliation of bulk crystals. Here, a lithiation‐assisted chemical exfoliation technique is employed to achieve FL‐GP, in which the interlayer spacing can be efficiently enlarged after a preliminary lithium ion intercalation, allowing the bulk crystal to be readily exfoliated in a following ultrasonication. As a result, ultrathin FL‐GP is obtained. In a demonstration, the FL‐GP/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) demonstrates remarkable sodium storage performance. The FL‐GP with a two‐dimensional structure shortens the ion transport pathways and alleviates the volume variation during sodiation. Meanwhile, the rGO in the composite improves the conductivity of the whole electrode. The as‐prepared FL‐GP/rGO electrode exhibits a high capacity of 504.2 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, remarkable rate performance, and superior cycling stability in the half cells. FL‐GP/rGO//Na3V2(PO4)3 full cells are also assembled and demonstrated satisfactory electrochemical performance, indicating potential application of the as‐prepared anode materials.
Rural Victorian service provider responses to the National Disability Insurance Scheme
Authors: Quilliam Claire , Bourke Lisa
Published: March 2020

The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) has transformed the nature of funding available to health and human service organisations to provide services to people with disability in Australia. However, there is relatively scant literature on the rural implementation of the NDIS, particularly how rural NDIS service providers are affected by the NDIS. Researchers conducted semi‐structured interviews with 20 health professionals employed by rural providers, and analysed data using rural and remote health and organisational change frameworks to understand how rural providers were impacted by and responded to the NDIS. The findings suggest rural providers were impacted to differing extents and responded to the NDIS in different ways. Participants reported that disability and community health services were affected more than hospitals and private allied health practices. Impacted rural providers responded by changing the nature and types of services, service processes and their workforce, and redefining organisational characteristics. Impacted rural providers may require additional support to continue providing services, and those less impacted may require other incentives to better engage with the NDIS. Rural proofing of NDIS policy could reveal suitable supports and incentives to ensure rural people with disability can access required services.
Migratory Hydrogenation of Terminal Alkynes by Base/Cobalt Relay Catalysis
Authors: Liu Xufang , Liu Bingxue , Liu Qiang
Published: March 2020

Migratory functionalization of alkenes has emerged as a powerful strategy to achieve functionalization at a distal position to the original reactive site on a hydrocarbon chain. However, an analogous protocol for alkyne substrates is yet to be developed. Herein, a base and cobalt relay catalytic process for the selective synthesis of (Z)‐2‐alkenes and conjugated E alkenes by migratory hydrogenation of terminal alkynes is disclosed. Mechanistic studies support a relay catalytic process involving a sequential base‐catalyzed isomerization of terminal alkynes and cobalt‐catalyzed hydrogenation of either 2‐alkynes or conjugated diene intermediates. Notably, this practical non‐noble metal catalytic system enables efficient control of the chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity of this transformation.
Bridged Stilbenes: AIEgens Designed via a Simple Strategy to Control the Non‐radiative Decay Pathway
Authors: Iwai Riki , Suzuki Satoshi , Sasaki Shunsuke , Sairi Amir Sharidan , Igawa Kazunobu , Suenobu Tomoyoshi , Morokuma Keiji , Konishi Gen‐ichi
Published: March 2020

To broaden the application of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens (AIEgens), the design of novel small‐molecular dyes that exhibit high fluorescence quantum yield (Φfl) in the solid state is required. Considering that the mechanism of AIE can be rationalized based on steric avoidance of non‐radiative decay pathways, a series of bridged stilbenes was designed, and their non‐radiative decay pathways were investigated theoretically. Bridged stilbenes with short alkyl chains exhibited a strong fluorescence emission in solution and in the solid state, while bridged stilbenes with long alkyl chains exhibited AIE. Based on this theoretical prediction, we developed the bridged stilbenes BPST[7] and DPB[7], which demonstrate excellent AIE behavior.
Enzyme‐Instructed Assemblies Enable Mitochondria Localization of Histone H2B in Cancer Cells
Authors: He Hongjian , Guo Jiaqi , Lin Xinyi , Xu Bing
Published: March 2020

Presently, little is known of how the inter‐organelle crosstalk impacts cancer cells owing to the lack of approaches that can manipulate inter‐organelle communication in cancer cells. We found that a negatively charged, enzyme cleavable peptide (MitoFlag) enables the trafficking of histone protein H2B, a nuclear protein, to the mitochondria in cancer cells. MitoFlag interacts with the nuclear location sequence of H2B to block it from entering the nucleus. A protease on the mitochondria cleaves the Flag from the MitoFlag/H2B complex to form assemblies that retain H2B on the mitochondria and facilitate H2B entering the mitochondria. Adding NLS, replacing aspartic acid by glutamic acid residues, or changing the l‐ to d‐aspartic acid residue on MitoFlag abolishes the trafficking of H2B into mitochondria of HeLa cells. As the first example of the enzyme‐instructed self‐assembly of a synthetic peptide for trafficking endogenous proteins, this work provides insights for understanding and manipulating inter‐organelle communication in cells.
Synthesis of Polybenzoacenes: Annulative Dimerization of Phenylene Triflate by Twofold C−H Activation
Authors: Uryu Mizuho , Hiraga Taito , Koga Yoshito , Saito Yutaro , Murakami Kei , Itami Kenichiro
Published: March 2020

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent an emerging class of π‐conjugated molecules in the area of optoelectronic devices and materials. Unprecedented synthetic routes to various PAHs from simple phenol derivatives by a palladium‐catalyzed annulative dimerization of phenylene triflate through twofold inter‐ and intramolecular C−H activation have been established. The initially formed partially fused PAHs can be smoothly transformed into a variety of fully fused PAHs by the Scholl reaction. Furthermore, the reactions of phenanthrene‐substituted aryl triflates proceeded regioselectively. The findings inspired the development of a rapid and efficient synthesis of polybenzoacene derivatives. This study not only allows transformation of phenyl triflates, but also discloses a new retrosynthetic strategy towards PAHs, especially polybenzoacenes.
From C1 to C3: Copper‐Catalyzed gem‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)olefination of α‐Diazo Esters with TMSCF3
Authors: Wang Qian , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Mingyou , Xie Qiqiang , Liu Qinghe , Pan Shitao , Hu Jinbo
Published: March 2020

A Cu‐catalyzed gem‐bis(trifluoromethyl)olefination of α‐diazo esters, using TMSCF3 as the only fluorocarbon source, has been developed and provides an exquisite method to access gem‐bis(trifluoromethyl)alkenes. This unprecedented olefination process involves a carbene migratory insertion into “CuCF3” to generate the α‐CF3‐substituted organocopper species, which then undergoes β‐fluoride elimination and two consecutive addition‐elimination processes to give the desired products. The key to this efficient one‐pot C1‐to‐C3 synthetic protocol lies in the controllable double (over single and triple) trifluoromethylations of the gem‐difluoroalkene intermediates.
Three‐Pronged Attack by Homologous Far‐red/NIR AIEgens to Achieve 1+1+1>3 Synergistic Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Xu Wenhan , Lee Michelle M. S. , Nie Jing‐Jun , Zhang Zhihan , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Xu Fu‐Jian , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2020

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been shown to be a powerful therapeutic modality for cancer. However, PDT is undiversified and has become stereotyped in recent years. Exploration of distinctive PDT methods is thus highly in demand but remains a severe challenge. Herein, an unprecedented 1+1+1>3 synergistic strategy is proposed and validated for the first time. Three homologous luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics were rationally designed based on a simple backbone. Through slight structural tuning, these far‐red/near‐infrared AIE luminogens are capable of specifically anchoring to mitochondria, cell membrane, and lysosome, and effectively generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, biological studies demonstrated combined usage of three AIE photosensitizers gives multiple ROS sources simultaneously derived from several organelles, which gives superior therapeutic effect than that from a single organelle at the same photosensitizers concentration. This strategy is conceptually and operationally simple, providing an innovative approach and renewed awareness of improving therapeutic effect through three‐pronged PDT.