bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimum Currency Area in the Eurozone
Authors: Beck Krzysztof , Okhrimenko Iana
Published: March 2024

We used a Bayesian dynamic factor model (BDFM) to examine the share of variance explained by the European and country factors for 59 regions in Eurozone countries in the period from 1992 to 2020. The BDFM output facilitated the construction of a criterion that enables the assessment of the cost of participation in the European Monetary Union, which is directly related to the optimum currency area theory. Over the examined period, we observed business cycle divergence, with 46 regions experiencing a drop in the share of variance explained by the European factor from 1992–2005 to 2006–2020. However, the analysis over shorter time spans demonstrated that all the regions decoupled from the European business cycle. The results contradict the predictions of "The European Commission View". On the one hand, two predictions stemming from "The Krugman View" are supported by the results: the European regions experienced a slight increase in sectoral specialization, and they experienced business cycle divergence. On the other hand, the data does not support the notion that the ongoing specialization was the underlying cause of this divergence.
Enhancing phenotyping efficiency in faba bean breeding: integrating UAV imaging and machine learning
Authors: Mohammadi Shirin , Uhlen Anne Kjersti , Lillemo Morten , Ergon Åshild , Shafiee Sahameh
Published: March 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high-resolution imaging sensors have shown great potential for plant phenotyping in agricultural research. This study aimed to explore the potential of UAV-derived red–green–blue (RGB) and multispectral imaging data for estimating classical phenotyping measures such as plant height and predicting yield and chlorophyll content (indicated by SPAD values) in a field trial of 38 faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars grown at four replicates in south-eastern Norway. To predict yield and SPAD values, Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest (RF) models were utilized. Two feature selection methods, namely the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and sequential forward feature selection (SFS), were applied to identify the most relevant features for prediction. The models incorporated various combinations of multispectral bands, indices, and UAV-based plant height values at four different faba bean development stages. The correlation between manual and UAV-based plant height measurements revealed a strong agreement with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.97. The best prediction of SPAD value was achieved at BBCH 50 (flower bud present) with an R2 of 0.38 and RMSE of 1.14. For yield prediction, BBCH 60 (first flower open) was identified as the optimal stage, using spectral indices yielding an R2 of 0.83 and RMSE of 0.53 tons/ha. This development stage presents an opportunity to implement targeted management practices to enhance yield. The integration of UAVs equipped with RGB and multispectral cameras, along with machine learning algorithms, proved to be an accurate approach for estimating agronomically important traits in faba bean. This methodology offers a practical solution for rapid and efficient high-throughput phenotyping in faba bean breeding programs.
Performance evaluation of a quantum-resistant Blockchain: a comparative study with Secp256k1 and Schnorr
Authors: Sinai Nday Kabulo , In Hoh Peter
Published: March 2024

Popular Secp256k1 and Schnorr algorithms offer strong security in current Blockchains. However, they are vulnerable to quantum attacks. To solve this problem, several quantum-resistant algorithms have been proposed. However, the performance evaluations and tangible analyses of these algorithms on current Blockchains have not been studied yet. In this context, a performance analysis of quantum-resistant algorithms on a Blockchain can provide valuable insight into the efficiency of quantum-resistant algorithms in real-world scenarios. To address this need, we prototyped and analyzed a quantum-resistant Blockchain using the Falcon algorithm. Falcon is selected because it provides smaller signature and key size compared to Crystals-Dilithium and Sphincs+. We then measured in real-time the key size, transaction signature size, and transaction verification time. The paper also discusses the potential scalability limitations of the proposed quantum-resistant Blockchain and suggests an approach to select quantum-resistant algorithms based on different Blockchain use cases. Our approach and benchmark results have implications for the future development and adoption of quantum-resistant Blockchains.
Description and molecular data of a new cestode parasite, Cladotaenia anomala n. sp. (Paruterinidae) from the Australasian harrier (Circus approximans Peale) in New Zealand
Authors: Presswell Bronwen , Bennett Jerusha
Published: March 2024

Currently comprising 12 species infecting the gastrointestinal tracts of diurnal raptors (Falconiformes, Accipitriformes), species of Cladotaenia are diagnosed by their branching uterus, testes in two fields reaching the same level anteriorly, and small rostellum armed with taenioid hooks arranged in two rows. In this study we describe a new species of Cladotaenia recovered from a number of Australasian harriers Circus approximans, from the southern half of South Island, New Zealand. The new species is distinguished from other species by its single circle of hooks. It is closest, morphologically, to C. circi, but differs in the shape of the terminal proglottids and the number of uterine branches. Sequences of 28S and cox1 gene are presented. Genetically, Cladotaenia anomalan. sp. is closest to Cladotaenia globifera but differs morphologically in the size of the suckers, testes and eggs. This description constitutes the first record of a Cladotaenia species in New Zealand. We discuss some potential routes this parasite may have taken to arrive in New Zealand.
The structural–functional-connectivity coupling of the aging brain
Authors: Zhang Hui , Cao Peng , Mak Henry K. F. , Hui Edward S.
Published: March 2024

Aging primarily affects memory and executive functions, a relationship that may be underpinned by the fact that almost all adults over 60 years old develop small vessel disease (SVD). The fact that a wide range of neuropathologies could only explain up to 43% of the variation in age-related cognitive impairment suggests that other factors, such as cognitive reserve, may play a role in the brain’s resilience against aging-related cognitive decline. This study aims to examine the relationship between structural–functional-connectivity coupling (SFC), and aging, cognitive abilities and reserve, and SVD-related neuropathologies using a cohort of n = 176 healthy elders from the Harvard Aging Brain Study. The SFC is a recently proposed biomarker that reflects the extent to which anatomical brain connections can predict coordinated neural activity. After controlling for the effect of age, sex, and years of education, global SFC, as well as the intra-network SFC of the dorsolateral somatomotor and dorsal attention networks, and the inter-network SFC between dorsolateral somatomotor and frontoparietal networks decreased with age. The global SFC decreased with total cognitive score. There were significant interaction effects between years of education versus white matter hyperintensities and between years of education versus cerebral microbleeds on inter-network SFC. Enlarged perivascular space in basal ganglia was associated with higher inter-network SFC. Our results suggest that cognitive ability is associated with brain coupling at the global level and cognitive reserve with brain coupling at the inter-functional-brain-cluster level with interaction effect from white matter hyperintensities and cerebral microbleed in a cohort of healthy elderlies.
Ergothioneine promotes longevity and healthy aging in male mice
Authors: Katsube Makoto , Ishimoto Takahiro , Fukushima Yutaro , Kagami Asuka , Shuto Tsuyoshi , Kato Yukio
Published: March 2024

Healthy aging has emerged as a crucial issue with the increase in the geriatric population worldwide. Food-derived sulfur-containing amino acid ergothioneine (ERGO) is a potential dietary supplement, which exhibits various beneficial effects in experimental animals although the preventive effects of ERGO on aging and/or age-related impairments such as frailty and cognitive impairment are unclear. We investigated the effects of daily oral supplementation of ERGO dissolved in drinking water on lifespan, frailty, and cognitive impairment in male mice from 7 weeks of age to the end of their lives. Ingestion of 4 ~ 5 mg/kg/day of ERGO remarkably extended the lifespan of male mice. The longevity effect of ERGO was further supported by increase in life and non-frailty spans of Caenorhabditis elegans in the presence of ERGO. Compared with the control group, the ERGO group showed significantly lower age-related declines in weight, fat mass, and average and maximum movement velocities at 88 weeks of age. This was compatible with dramatical suppression by ERGO of the age-related increments in plasma biomarkers (BMs) such as the chemokine ligand 9, creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, urea, asymmetric dimethylarginine, quinolinic acid, and kynurenine. The oral intake of ERGO also rescued age-related impairments in learning and memory ability, which might be associated with suppression of the age-related decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and TDP43 protein aggregation and promotion of microglial shift to the M2 phenotype by ERGO ingestion. Ingestion of ERGO may promote longevity and healthy aging in male mice, possibly through multiple biological mechanisms.
Custom orthotic design by integrating 3D scanning and subject-specific FE modelling workflow
Authors: Peng Yinghu , Wang Yan , Zhang Qida , Chen Shane Fei , Zhang Ming , Li Guanglin
Published: March 2024

The finite element (FE) foot model can help estimate pathomechanics and improve the customized foot orthoses design. However, the procedure of developing FE models can be time-consuming and costly. This study aimed to develop a subject-specific scaled foot modelling workflow for the foot orthoses design based on the scanned foot surface data. Six participants (twelve feet) were collected for the foot finite element modelling. The subject-specific surface-based finite element model (SFEM) was established by incorporating the scanned foot surface and scaled foot bone geometries. The geometric deviations between the scaled and the scanned foot surfaces were calculated. The SFEM model was adopted to predict barefoot and foot-orthosis interface pressures. The averaged distances between the scaled and scanned foot surfaces were 0.23 ± 0.09 mm. There was no significant difference for the hallux, medial forefoot, middle forefoot, midfoot, medial hindfoot, and lateral hindfoot, except for the lateral forefoot region (p = 0.045). The SFEM model evaluated slightly higher foot-orthoses interface pressure values than measured, with a maximum deviation of 7.1%. These results indicated that the SFEM technique could predict the barefoot and foot-orthoses interface pressure, which has the potential to expedite the process of orthotic design and optimization.

Graphical abstract
Discretised Flux Balance Analysis for Reaction–Diffusion Simulation of Single-Cell Metabolism
Authors: Chew Yin Hoon , Spill Fabian
Published: March 2024

Metabolites have to diffuse within the sub-cellular compartments they occupy to specific locations where enzymes are, so reactions could occur. Conventional flux balance analysis (FBA), a method based on linear programming that is commonly used to model metabolism, implicitly assumes that all enzymatic reactions are not diffusion-limited though that may not always be the case. In this work, we have developed a spatial method that implements FBA on a grid-based system, to enable the exploration of diffusion effects on metabolism. Specifically, the method discretises a living cell into a two-dimensional grid, represents the metabolic reactions in each grid element as well as the diffusion of metabolites to and from neighbouring elements, and simulates the system as a single linear programming problem. We varied the number of rows and columns in the grid to simulate different cell shapes, and the method was able to capture diffusion effects at different shapes. We then used the method to simulate heterogeneous enzyme distribution, which suggested a theoretical effect on variability at the population level. We propose the use of this method, and its future extensions, to explore how spatiotemporal organisation of sub-cellular compartments and the molecules within could affect cell behaviour.
SAA1 regulated by S1P/S1PR1 promotes the progression of ESCC via β-catenin activation
Authors: Li Qianqian , Tang Maolin , Zhao Shisheng , Yang Junjie , Meng Yuanlin , Meng Chunmei , Ren Ling , Hu Weimin
Published: March 2024

Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), an inflammation-related molecule, is associated with the malignant progression of many tumors. This study aimed to investigate the role of SAA1 in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its molecular mechanisms. The expression of SAA1 in ESCC tissues and cell lines was analyzed using bioinformatics analysis, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT‒qPCR). SAA1-overexpressing or SAA1-knockdown ESCC cells were used to assess the effects of SAA1 on the proliferation, migration, apoptosis of cancer cells and the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and RT‒qPCR were used to investigate the relationship between SAA1 and β-catenin and SAA1 and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). SAA1 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of SAA1 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and the growth of tumors in nude mice. Knockdown of SAA1 had the opposite effects and promoted the apoptosis of ESCC cells. Moreover, SAA1 overexpression promoted the phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser675 and increased the expression levels of the β-catenin target genes MYC and MMP9. Knockdown of SAA1 had the opposite effects. S1P/S1PR1 upregulated SAA1 expression and β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser675 in ESCC cells. In conclusion, SAA1 promotes the progression of ESCC by increasing β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser675, and the S1P/S1PR1 pathway plays an important role in its upstream regulation.
Investigating the impact of company announcements on stock prices: an application of machine learning on Australian lithium market
Authors: Kianrad Ahmad , Arani Mohadeseh Najafi , Hasani Karim , Zargar Masoumeh , Erfani Eila , Razmjou Amir
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the effects of various types of announcements made by lithium producers on stock prices. We collected data from 40 lithium-producing companies listed on the world's largest stock exchanges, spanning from May 2020 to September 2022. To analyze the impact of announcements such as quoted and unquoted securities, market announcements, company reports, public meetings and presentations, financial announcements, and technical announcements on stock prices, we employed an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model. Our results indicate that stock exchange market announcements and announcements about public meetings and presentations significantly influenced the stock prices of all eight large-cap companies studied. Announcements about public meetings and presentations were crucial predictors of stock prices for 73% of all companies analyzed. Additionally, positive financial announcements were key predictors for 70% of the companies. These findings suggest that investors should consider these predictors when making investment decisions in the lithium-related stock market. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the impact of different types of announcements made by lithium producers on stock prices. Furthermore, the XGBoost model used in this study can be applied to other industries and markets to analyze the impact of various types of announcements on stock prices.
Supply Chain Flexibility and Post-pandemic Resilience
Authors: Agrawal Nishant , Sharma Mahak , Raut Rakesh D. , Mangla Sachin Kumar , Arisian Sobhan
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 outbreak in 2020–2021 caused unprecedented disruptions to global supply networks. Companies worldwide faced significant challenges as they dealt with the unexpected surge in demand for specific goods and services. This study delves into the importance of supply chain coordination (SCCO), supply chain resilience (SCRE), and supply chain robustness (SCRB), considering supply chain flexibility (SCFL) and Internet of Things and Big Data Analytics (IoT-BDA) integration. We explore how SCFL influences SCCO, SCRE, and SCRB, enhancing supply chain performance (SCFP). Using a cross sectional approach, we collected survey-based responses to ensure comprehensive representation from the supply chain domain. A total of 217 complete responses were collected and analyzed using AMOS 20. The findings suggest that SCCO, SCRE, and SCRB act as mediators between SCFL and IoT-BDA. However, statistical significance between SCCO and SCRB with SCRE was not established. The study emphasizes the robust predictive nature of SCFL, highlighting its pivotal role in fostering SCCO, SCRE, and SCBR through empirical evidence. Furthermore, it emphasizes the influence of SCFL on enhancing SCFP, particularly in the post-pandemic era.
Association between natriuretic peptides and C-reactive protein with frailty in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Prokopidis Konstantinos , Ishiguchi Hironori , Jordan Cara , Irlik Krzysztof , Nabrdalik Katarzyna , Formiga Francesc , Sankaranarayanan Rajiv , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Isanejad Masoud
Published: March 2024

Background

Heart failure (HF) and frailty are accompanied by a bidirectional relationship, sharing common risk factors including elevated levels of natriuretic peptides and inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare biomarkers associated with poor clinical outcomes, that is, plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with HF and frailty vs. patients with HF without frailty.

Methods

From inception until July 2023, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library a systematic literature search was conducted. To evaluate whether frailty is linked with greater levels of BNP, NT-proBNP, and CRP, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects (CRD42023446607).

Results

Fifty-three studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Patients with HF and frailty displayed significantly higher levels of BNP (k = 11; SMD: 0.53, 95%CI 0.30–0.76, I2 = 86%, P < 0.01), NT-proBNP (k = 23; SMD: 0.33, 95%CI 0.25–0.40, I2 = 72%, P < 0.01), and CRP (k = 8; SMD: 0.30, 95%CI 0.12–0.48, I2 = 62%, P < 0.01) vs. patients with HF without frailty. Using meta-regression, body mass index (BMI) and age were deemed potential moderators of these findings.

Conclusions

Frailty in HF is linked to increased concentrations of BNP, NT-proBNP, and CRP, which have been epidemiologically associated with adverse outcomes. The increased risk of NYHA III/IV classification further emphasizes the clinical impact of frailty in this population.
Terapia ormonale di affermazione di genere nelle persone transgender e gender diverse
Authors: Romani Alessia , Cocchetti Carlotta , Ristori Jiska , Maggi Mario , Fisher Alessandra Daphne
Published: March 2024

Sommario

La terapia ormonale di affermazione di genere ha la finalità di allineare, per quanto possibile, le caratteristiche corporee con l’identità di genere e gli specifici obiettivi delle persone transgender (trans) o gender diverse (GD) che ne esprimano la necessità. Il cardine della terapia virilizzante e de-femminilizzante nelle persone trans/GD assegnate al genere femminile alla nascita (AFAB) è rappresentato dal testosterone (T), in grado di indurre modificazioni corporee quali l’amenorrea, l’aumento della distribuzione pilifera del corpo e del volto, l’aumento della massa muscolare, l’abbassamento del timbro vocale, l’aumento delle dimensioni del clitoride. L’acne, l’alopecia con pattern maschile, la policitemia e il peggioramento dell’assetto lipidico sono i principali effetti collaterali della terapia con T, che richiede un attento monitoraggio clinico-biochimico. Alcune persone trans/GD AFAB desiderano una mascolinizzazione e/o de-femminilizzazione parziale, per cui potrebbero essere proposte terapie con dosaggi ridotti di T in associazione ad altre strategie non ormonali di affermazione di genere, valutando il rapporto tra benefici e possibili rischi di tale trattamento. La terapia femminilizzante e de-mascolinizzante nelle persone trans/GD assegnate al genere maschile alla nascita (AMAB) si basa sull’uso di estrogeni (in varie formulazioni) e antiandrogeni, nella fattispecie ciproterone acetato (CPA), analoghi dell’ormone di rilascio delle gonadotropine (GnRHa) o, in alternativa, spironolattone. Tra i principali effetti attesi della terapia con estrogeni e antiandrogeni, sono previsti l’aumento del volume mammario, la riduzione della distribuzione pilifera del volto e del corpo, dell’oleosità della cute, delle erezioni spontanee e del volume testicolare e la ridistribuzione del grasso corporeo in aree ginoidi. La terapia con estrogeni può essere associata a un aumentato rischio di tromboembolismo venoso, mentre la terapia con antiandrogeni è associata a specifici – per quanto rari – effetti collaterali che impongono un regolare monitoraggio clinico e biochimico. Alcune persone trans/GD AMAB potrebbero richiedere una terapia finalizzata alla parziale femminilizzazione e/o de-mascolinizzazione del corpo; pertanto, può essere presa in considerazione una terapia con bassi dosaggi di estrogeni e/o di antiandrogeni secondo gli specifici obiettivi della persona, effettuando un bilancio tra benefici e rischi, soprattutto sotto il profilo della salute ossea e cardiovascolare.
Effect of manganese on the structure of CMAS slag glass–ceramics
Authors: Ma Rui , Zhang YuXuan , OuYang ShunLi , Wu NanNan , Li Yang
Published: March 2024

With the acceleration of industrialization, environmental issues have received great attention from governments and societies around the world. Utilizing solid wastes containing valuable heavy metals and exploring their role and application in materials is one of the focal issues of environmental protection in recent years. In this paper, in order to explore the effect of Mn content on the crystallization of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass–ceramics, glass–ceramics with different content of MnO2 were prepared by sintering method and the effect of MnO2 doping on the crystalline properties, glass stability and heavy metal fixation properties of the stainless steel slag glass–ceramics was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The analysis using crystallization kinetics showed that surface crystallization dominated the whole crystallization process in the range of 0% to 10% MnO2 content. The peak glass crystallization and depolymerisation temperatures of the glass–ceramics increased gradually with increasing MnO2 content, and the main crystallization mode of the samples was one-dimensional crystallization. The main crystalline phase of the resulting glass–ceramics was transformed from diopside to spinel, with a crystallization temperature of 860℃. Heavy metals solidified in the spinel phase. This study shows that heavy metals can be effectively immobilized in glass–ceramics. In summary, the use of solid waste to prepare final products with good environmental performance provides a feasible way to utilize solid waste resources.
Electrolyte Effect on Photoetching of Gallium Nitride
Authors: Liang Huiqiang , Wei Zhenghao , Fang Jiongchong , Li Yanming , Li Changli , Xie Zhirun , Ng Yun Hau , Zeng Guosong
Published: March 2024

The limited material removal rate of conventional chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) significantly hinders the fabrication efficiency and surface quality, thereby preventing the development of gallium nitride (GaN)-based devices. Moreover, the incorporation of photoelectrochemistry in CMP has garnered increasing attention because of its potential to enhance the quality and efficiency of the GaN process. However, a considerable gap still exists in the comprehensive understanding of the specific photoelectrochemical (PEC) behavior of GaN. Here, we report the influence of the electrolyte on the PEC etching of GaN. Various acids and bases were tested, with their pH being carefully adjusted. The concentrations of the cations and anions were also examined. The results showed that photocorrosion/photoetching was more pronounced in sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid environments than in alkaline environments, but it was less pronounced in hydrochloric acid. Furthermore, the effects of pH and anion concentration on photoetching were investigated, and the results revealed that photoetching in acidic environments weakened with increasing pH levels and diminished with increasing sulfate concentration. The underlying reasons contributing to this observation were explored. These findings provide ideas for improving the photoetching efficiency of GaN, thereby enriching the photoelectrochemical mechanical polishing (PECMP) technology of GaN.
Advanced Electrode Structures for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Current Status and Path Forward
Authors: Yang Gaoqiang , Lee ChungHyuk , Qiao Xiaoxiao , Babu Siddharth Komini , Martinez Ulises , Spendelow Jacob S.
Published: March 2024

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have demonstrated their viability as a promising candidate for clean energy applications. However, performance of conventional PEMFC electrodes, especially the cathode electrode, suffers from low catalyst utilization and sluggish mass transport due to the randomly distributed components and tortuous transport pathways. Development of alternative architectures in which the electrode structure is controlled across a range of length scales provides a promising path toward overcoming these limitations. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of recent research and development of advanced electrode structures, organized by decreasing length-scale from the millimeter-scale to the nanometer-scale. Specifically, advanced electrode structures are categorized into five unique architectures for specific functions: (1) macro-patterned electrodes for enhanced macro-scale mass transport, (2) micro-patterned electrodes for enhanced micro-scale mass transport, (3) electrospun electrodes with fiber-based morphology for enhanced in-plane proton transport and through-plane O2 transport, (4) enhanced-porosity electrodes for improved oxygen transport through selective inclusion of void space, and (5) catalyst film electrodes for elimination of carbon corrosion and ionomer poisoning. The PEMFC performance results achieved from each alternative electrode structure are presented and tabulated for comparison with conventional electrode architectures. Moreover, analysis of mechanisms by which new electrode structures can improve performance is presented and discussed. Finally, an overview of current limitations and future research needs is presented to guide the development of electrode structures for next generation PEMFCs.

Graphical Abstract

Development of improved electrode architectures with the control of structure on length scales ranging from millimeters to nanometers could enable a new generation of fuel cells with increased performance and reduced cost. This paper presents an in-depth review and critical analysis of recent developments and future outlook on the design of advanced electrode structures.
Rising to the challenge of defining and operationalising multimorbidity in a UK hospital setting: the ADMISSION research collaborative
Authors: Cooper Rachel , Bunn Jonathan G. , Richardson Sarah J. , Hillman Susan J. , Sayer Avan A. , Witham Miles D. ,   the ADMISSION research collaborative
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Greater transparency and consistency when defining multimorbidity in different settings is needed. We aimed to: (1) adapt published principles that can guide the selection of long-term conditions for inclusion in research studies of multimorbidity in hospitals; (2) apply these principles and identify a list of long-term conditions; (3) operationalise this list by mapping it to International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) codes.

Methods

Review by independent assessors and ratification by an interdisciplinary programme management group.

Results

Agreement was reached that when defining multimorbidity in hospitals for research purposes all conditions must meet the following four criteria: (1) medical diagnosis; (2) typically present for ≥ 12 months; (3) at least one of currently active; permanent in effect; requiring current treatment, care or therapy; requiring surveillance; remitting-relapsing and requiring ongoing treatment or care, and; (4) lead to at least one of: significantly increased risk of death; significantly reduced quality of life; frailty or physical disability; significantly worsened mental health; significantly increased treatment burden (indicated by an increased risk of hospital admission or increased length of hospital stay). Application of these principles to two existing lists of conditions led to the selection of 60 conditions that can be used when defining multimorbidity for research focused on hospitalised patients. ICD-10 codes were identified for each of these conditions to ensure consistency in their operationalisation.

Conclusions

This work contributes to achieving the goal of greater transparency and consistency in the approach to the study of multimorbidity, with a specific focus on the UK hospital setting.
Von der Tochter, die ihren Vater pflegt
Authors: Raters Marie-Luise
Published: March 2024

Häusliche Pflege wird auch heute noch überwiegend von Frauen geleistet. Der Gender-Gap lag 2019 in Deutschland bei 52,4 %. Lässt sich diese Praxis rational rechtfertigen? Vom Standpunkt eines rationalistischen ethischen Feminismus’ und am Beispiel einer pflegenden Tochter (Abschnitt 1) diskutiert der Essay drei mögliche Argumente (Abschnitte 2, 3, 5). Zunächst wird gezeigt, dass das weibliche Geschlecht kein rationaler Grund zur Begründung von Pflichten ist (Abschnitt 2). Gegen das nicht geschlechtsspezifische, aber dafür überzeugendere Argument des moralischen Werts häuslicher Pflege (Abschnitt 3) wird das Argument der Supererogation (Abschnitt 4) ins Spiel gebracht, weil es rationale Gründe geben kann, aus denen häusliche Pflege vernünftigerweise keine Pflicht, sondern moralisch freiwillige Supererogation sein sollte. Ein nächster Abschnitt erläutert, warum sich nicht per se schließen lässt, dass häusliche Pflege besonders verdienstvolle Supererogation wäre, wenn sie keine Pflicht ist (Abschnitt 5). Im letzten Abschnitt werden einige weiterführende Überlegungen für die Supererogationsforschung und die moralische Praxis angestellt.
Advancements and Challenges of Micromechanics-based Homogenization for the Short Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Lee Hugon , Lee Sangryun , Ryu Seunghwa
Published: March 2024

In the realm of technologically important short fiber and particulate-reinforced composites, homogenization approaches based on micromechanics are extensively explored for estimating inherent effective properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the core principles underpinning micromechanics-based homogenization, as well as its advancements and applications encompassing: (i) predicting nonlinear reactions under complex and cyclic loading conditions, (ii) accounting for interfacial imperfections, and (iii) estimating various effective physical properties. We also delve into the integration of (iv) data-driven strategies, aiming to augment the accuracy of predictions. We conclude the article by discussing a seminal challenge, (v) the prediction of localized failure.
Reference Materials for Improving Reliability of Multiomics Profiling
Authors: Ren Luyao , Shi Leming , Zheng Yuanting
Published: March 2024

High-throughput technologies for multiomics or molecular phenomics profiling have been extensively adopted in biomedical research and clinical applications, offering a more comprehensive understanding of biological processes and diseases. Omics reference materials play a pivotal role in ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and comparability of laboratory measurements and analyses. However, the current application of omics reference materials has revealed several issues, including inappropriate selection and underutilization, leading to inconsistencies across laboratories. This review aims to address these concerns by emphasizing the importance of well-characterized reference materials at each level of omics, encompassing (epi-)genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. By summarizing their characteristics, advantages, and limitations along with appropriate performance metrics pertinent to study purposes, we provide an overview of how omics reference materials can enhance data quality and data integration, thus fostering robust scientific investigations with omics technologies.
Durable sodium iodide interphase stabilizing sodium metal anodes
Authors: Chen Kaizhi , Huang Hongyang , Xu Shitan , Yuan Zishun , Yang Yang , Yao Yu , Zhang Xianghua , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan
Published: March 2024

The implementation of sodium metal batteries (SMBs) is known for their low cost and high energy density. However, a major concern in SMBs is the formation of dendrites on the Na metal anode, which can potentially cause short circuits and compromise safety. Herein, to address this issue, we propose a novel approach to create a protective layer by decorating Na surface with NaI particles. This protective layer exhibits a high Young’s modulus and excellent sodium ion transference ability. As a result, the lifespan of the Na/NaI||Na/NaI cell is significantly extended to 850 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, when the Na/NaI anode is combined with a Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode, the full cell retains 83 mAh g−1 (approximately 94% of its initial capacity) even after 1500 cycles at 5 C. Overall, this work presents a simple and effective method for establishing a protective layer on the Na surface, thereby enabling the realization of long lifespan and stable SMBs.
The role of next-generation sequencing in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Cho Young-Uk
Published: March 2024

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows high-throughput detection of molecular changes in tumors. Over the past 15 years, NGS has rapidly evolved from a promising research tool to a core component of the clinical laboratory. Sequencing of tumor cells provides an important step in detecting somatic driver mutations that not only characterize the disease but also influence treatment decisions. For patients with hematologic malignancies, NGS has been used for accurate classification and diagnosis based on genetic alterations. The recently revised World Health Organization classification and the European LeukemiaNet recommendations for acute myeloid leukemia consider genetic abnormalities as a top priority for diagnosis, prognostication, monitoring of measurable residual disease, and treatment choice. This review aims to present the role and utility of various NGS approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of hemato-oncology patients.
The neurotropic schistosome vs experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: are there any winners?
Authors: Šmídová Barbora , Majer Martin , Novák Jan , Revalová Alena , Horák Petr , Macháček Tomáš
Published: March 2024

The incidences of multiple sclerosis have risen worldwide, yet neither the trigger nor efficient treatment is known. Some research is dedicated to looking for treatment by parasites, mainly by helminths. However, little is known about the effect of helminths that infect the nervous system. Therefore, we chose the neurotropic avian schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti, which strongly promotes M2 polarization and tissue repair in the central nervous system, and we tested its effect on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. Surprisingly, the symptoms of EAE tended to worsen after the infection with T. regenti. The infection did not stimulate tissue repair, as indicated by the similar level of demyelination. Eosinophils heavily infiltrated the infected tissue, and the microglia number increased as well. Furthermore, splenocytes from T. regenti-infected EAE mice produced more interferon (IFN)-γ than splenocytes from EAE mice after stimulation with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Our research indicates that the combination of increased eosinophil numbers and production of IFN-γ tends to worsen the EAE symptoms. Moreover, the data highlight the importance of considering the direct effect of the parasite on the tissue, as the migrating parasite may further tissue damage and make tissue repair even more difficult.
Cultivating Abolitionist Despair
Authors: Dilts Andrew
Published: March 2024

Michel Foucault once wrote, “Do not think that one has to be sad in order to be militant, even though the thing one is fighting is abominable. It is the connection of desire to reality (and not its retreat into the forms of representation) that possesses revolutionary force.”1 This affect of revolutionary force stems from the joyful militancy of bringing into existence the already possibly present worlds that are assumed to be impossible.2
On Black Radical Feminist Pragmatism
Authors: Davies Elizabeth Jordie
Published: March 2024

A “reckoning” is an opportunity to settle a score. It is a moment of collision between what is and what is due. Woodly's excellent book not only espouses the formation and political organization of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) coalition, but it also describes how social movements challenge the status quo and demand transformation in light of systems that work only for the powerful few. This transformation, Woodly shows, is brought about by the grassroots theorizing and political praxis of social movement organizers. Reckoning models the development of these new ideas, demonstrating both their intellectual and practical legacies. In this essay, I consider Woodly's theoretical formulation of the M4BL's philosophy of “radical Black feminist pragmatism” and what I see are (1) its promise for centering the reorienting practices of radical Black feminist politics and (2) the ways “pragmatism” as a frame stands in tension with those radical elements of the movement.
The theological sources and poetic priorities of Milton's narrative theodicy
Authors: Alenskis David B.
Published: March 2024

This study of Paradise Lost, interpreted through the lens of John Milton's treatise De doctrina Christiana, argues that the poet seeks to breathe new life into the tropes of orthodox Christian theodicy by radicalising concepts chosen eclectically from both Reformed and Arminian schools of thought, integrating them within the patchwork of his own idiosyncratic heterodoxies and thus catalysing a fundamentally new theology propelled by his narrative priorities. This approach makes the drama that Milton intuits itself the driver of dogma, which drama allows him to bring God and reader into the same story, under the spell of his own theodical narration.
A health technology assessment of personalized nutrition interventions using the EUnetHTA HTA Core Model
Authors: Galekop Milanne Maria Johanna , del Bas Josep Maria , Calder Philip C. , Uyl-De Groot Carin A. , Redekop William Ken
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Poor nutrition links to chronic diseases, emphasizing the need for optimized diets. The EU-funded project PREVENTOMICS, introduced personalized nutrition to address this. This study aims to perform a health technology assessment (HTA) comparing personalized nutrition interventions developed through this project, with non-personalized nutrition interventions (control) for people with normal weight, overweight, or obesity. The goal is to support decisions about further development and implementation of personalized nutrition.

Methods

The PREVENTOMICS interventions were evaluated using the European Network for HTA Core Model, which includes a methodological framework that encompasses different domains for value assessment. Information was gathered via [1] different statistical analyses and modeling studies, [2] questions asked of project partners and, [3] other (un)published materials.

Results

Clinical trials of PREVENTOMICS interventions demonstrated different body mass index changes compared to control; differences ranged from −0.80 to 0.20 kg/m2. Long-term outcome predictions showed generally improved health outcomes for the interventions; some appeared cost-effective (e.g., interventions in UK). Ethical concerns around health inequality and the lack of specific legal regulations for personalized nutrition interventions were identified. Choice modeling studies indicated openness to personalized nutrition interventions; decisions were primarily affected by intervention’s price.

Conclusions

PREVENTOMICS clinical trials have shown promising effectiveness with no major safety concerns, although uncertainties about effectiveness exist due to small samples (n=60–264) and short follow-ups (10–16 weeks). Larger, longer trials are needed for robust evidence before implementation could be considered. Among other considerations, developers should explore financing options and collaborate with policymakers to prevent exclusion of specific groups due to information shortages.
Scientific basis for improving the efficiency of urban street and road network operation
Authors: Yang Shilin , Stepanchuk Oleksandr , Pylypenko Olexandr , Ji Junwen , Bieliatynskyi Andrii
Published: March 2024

The study is an experimental and theoretical analysis of the patterns of traffic flows and the possibilities of their distribution on urban street and road networks. It considers and analyses modern approaches that make it possible to improve traffic flow control mechanisms and traffic conditions on a street and road network. Based on the established internal relationships, the paper develops a model of the influence of factors on the level of their priority, which makes it possible to divide them by hierarchy levels and, accordingly, to observe the level of their impact on independent components. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the newly developed method of vehicle traffic control, which involves the distribution of traffic flows along the urban street and road network. The conclusions presented in the study represent scientific and methodological developments and applied recommendations that can be used in urban planning to improve the conditions of transport services in populated areas.
Does an antihypertensive diet cost more? Analysis from the Chinese Heart-Healthy diet trial
Authors: Guo Yishan , Su Danping , Chen Hong , Ding Yanxi , Zhang Shiyu , Sun Hong , Chen Dandi , Yin Wenya , Li Xiang , Zeng Guo
Published: March 2024

Objective:

To determine whether the Chinese heart-healthy diet (Sichuan cuisine version) (CHH diet-SC) was more expensive than the conventional Sichuan diet and explore the food groups and nutrients that mainly affected the cost of CHH diet-SC.

Design:

Cost analysis of 4-week intervention diets in the Sichuan center representing southwestern China in the CHH diet study.

Setting:

A multicentre, parallel-group, single-blind, randomised feeding trial evaluating the efficacy of lowering blood pressure with the cuisine-based CHH diet.

Participants:

Totally, fifty-three participants with hypertension aged 25–75 years in the Sichuan center were randomised into the control group (n 26) or the CHH diet-SC group (n 27).

Results:

The CHH diet-SC was more expensive than the control diet (¥27·87 ± 2·41 v. ¥25·18 ± 2·79 equals $3·90 ± 0·34 v. $3·52 ± 0·39, P < 0·001), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for a 1-mm Hg systolic blood pressure reduction was ¥9·12 ($1·28). Intakes and the cost of seafood, dairy products, fruits, soybeans and nuts, whole grains and mixed beans were higher for the CHH diet-SC than for the control diet (P < 0·001). Intakes of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Mg and phosphorus were positively correlated with the cost (P < 0·05).

Conclusions:

The CHH diet-SC costs more than the conventional Sichuan diet, partly due to the high cost of specific food groups. Positive correlations between the intakes of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Mg, phosphorus and the dietary cost could be a direction to adjust the composition within the food groups to reduce the cost of the CHH diet-SC.
East Australian Current System: Frontal Barrier and Fine‐Scale Control of Chlorophyll‐a Distribution
Authors: Bourg Natacha , Schaeffer Amandine , Molcard Anne
Published: March 2024

The East Australian Current (EAC), as the western boundary current of the South Pacific Gyre, governs the mesoscale circulation dynamics along the East Coast of Australia. It also exhibits meandering and instabilities that generate fine‐scale structures. Understanding the interplay between these fine‐scale processes and the larger‐scale EAC patterns is crucial in regards to chlorophyll‐a distribution, a key indicator of phytoplankton abundance and an essential component of marine ecosystems. However, the link between fine‐scale and large‐scale variability in the EAC's separation dynamics and its impact on chlorophyll‐a distribution remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate this relationship using a clustering of high‐frequency radar data near the EAC's coherent jet and separation point, combined with satellite data on chlorophyll‐a concentration, sea surface temperature, and altimetry. Our findings reveal that the EAC acts as a frontal barrier for water‐mass and chlorophyll‐a concentration. The EAC separation enhances shelf‐offshore exchange and off‐shelf chlorophyll‐a concentration. In contrast, the extension of the current is characterized by fine‐scale structures with cyclonic vorticity and elevated strain, consequently contributing to an elevation of chlorophyll‐a levels in the region. In conclusion, the impact of separation dynamics on chlorophyll‐a distribution involves a complex interplay between large‐scale and fine‐scale processes, which may possibly compete under certain scenarios. Considering the implications of our findings in the context of future climate conditions, it becomes evident that purely dynamical changes in the separation latitude of the East Australian Current may hold consequences for chlorophyll‐a concentration distribution off the east coast of Australia.
Blood pressure outcomes at 18 months in primary care patients prescribed remote physiological monitoring for hypertension: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Persell Stephen D. , Anthony Lauren , Peprah Yaw A. , Lee Ji Young , Li Jim , Sato Hironori , Petito Lucia C.
Published: March 2024

This pragmatic matched cohort study using EHR data extended the follow up to 18 months for BP outcomes comparing individuals prescribed remote patient monitoring (n = 288) and temporally-matched controls (n = 1152) from six primary care practices. After 18 months, the RPM-prescribed cohort had greater BP control < 140/90 mm Hg (RPM cohort: 71.5%, control cohort: 51.9%, p < 0.001) and lower systolic BP (131.6 versus 136.0 mm Hg, p = 0.004) using office and home measurements. BP control at 18 months assessed by office measurements only was also higher in the RPM group (62.2% versus 51.9%, p = 0.004).