bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOREKSI KETINGGIAN TEMPAT TERHADAP FIKIH WAKTU SALAT: Analisis Jadwal Waktu Sholat Kota Bandung
Authors: Rojak Encep Abdul , Hayatudin Amrullah , Yunus Muhammad
Published: December 2017

Prayer time is locality in accordance with geographic data. For one geographical data will result one of prayer time. But there are different things with this general rule, namely the phenomenon of maghrib twice during Ramadan 1437 H. / 2016 M. in Bandung. There are two prayer schedule format that developed at that time, which is schedule issued by the Ministry of Religious West Java Regional Office (Kemenag) and schedule sourced by online of the Central of Ministry of Religious Affairs. Bandung has elevated above 600 meters mean sea level, but not located on the beach. Such circumstances make different ijtihad scholars of elevation data in the calculation of the prayer times. According to scholars of the city, Bandung has a elevation above 600 meters mean sea level, in the calculation of the maghrib prayer time must take into calculation the height of the place. This is to get results that match the real conditions. Kemenag and BHRD West Java  using real data in the calculation of prayer times. This schedule is much used as a reference by mosques such as the Great Mosque of al-Ukhuwah Bandung, Mosque PUSDAI, Trans Studio Mosque Bandung, and Masjid Istiqomah Bandung.

[]

Awal waktu salat bersifat lokalitas sesuai dengan data geografis. Untuk satu data geografis akan menghasilkan satu waktu salat. Namun ada hal yang berbeda dengan kaidah umum ini, yaitu terjadi fenomena adzan maghrib dua kali pada saat Ramadhan 1437 H. / 2016 M. di Kota Bandung. Ada dua format jadwal salat yang berkembang saat itu, yaitu jadwal yang dikeluarkan oleh Kemenag Kanwil Jawa Barat dan jadwal yang bersumber dari sistem online Kementrian Agama Pusat. Diantara jadwal tersebut, ada yang menggunakan data ketinggian tempat dan ada pula yang mengabaikannya. Bandung memiliki ketinggian tempat di atas 600 meter dpl, namun tidak terletak di sisi pantai. Keadaan seperti ini menjadikan ulama ilmu falak berbeda ijtihad dalam penggunaan data ketinggian tempat dalam perhitungan awal waktu salat magrib. Menurut ulama falak, kota Bandung yang memiliki ketinggian tempat di atas 600 meter dpl, dalam perhitungan awal waktu salat Magrib harus memperhitungkan ketinggian tempat. Hal ini untuk mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai dengan kondisi real di lapangan. Kemenag dan BHRD Jawa Barat menggunakan data real dalam perhitungan awal waktu salat. Jadwal ini banyak dijadikan acuan oleh masjid-masjid yang besar seperti Masjid Agung al-Ukhuwah Bandung, Masjid PUSDAI, Masjid Agung Trans Studio Bandung, dan Masjid Istiqomah Bandung.
New Treatments for Allergy: Advances in Peptide Immunotherapy
Authors: Calzada David , Baos Selene , Cremades Lucia , Cardaba Blanca
Published: December 2017

Background:

Nowadays, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only
treatment able to modulate the course of allergic diseases. Although it has been applied
for the last 100 years, treatment with whole allergen extracts is not without its drawbacks:
AIT can cause local and systemic adverse events and may produce new IgE sensitization
against other allergens present in the extract. Furthermore, the lengthy treatment duration
(3-5 years), frequent administration, and high cost of treatment are other disadvantages.
For these reasons, there is a need for safer and more effective AIT strategies. One promising
approach is the use of synthetic peptides representing the B- or T-cell epitopes of allergens.

Objective:

This review summarizes the main advances in peptide immunotherapy, from
preclinical models to early clinical trials, focusing on house dust mite, bee venom, cat allergy,
and Oleaceae pollinosis.

Results:

Following an extensive review of the relevant literature, we summarize how peptide
therapies may change the course of allergic diseases and promote allergen tolerance,
thereby ameliorating the main disadvantages of AIT. Although the molecular mechanisms
involved are not yet fully defined, they seem to depend on structure, length, peptide sequence,
and route of administration. This novel immunotherapy has been demonstrated to
modulate the immune system, promoting regulatory T-cell induction and Th2 inhibition.
This tolerance-inducing potential has led this therapy to be termed SPIRE (synthetic peptide
immuno-regulatory epitopes).

Conclusion:

Experimental models and clinical trials have demonstrated the usefulness of
SPIRE treatment to cure these diseases, opening a new era in allergen therapeutics.
Analytical Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Trimetazidine Hydrochloride and Metoprolol Succinate Using HPTLC
Authors: Agrawal Surendra , Gurjar Pravina , Katheriya Bhavik
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

Trimetazidine and Metoprolol combination is more effective in the treatment of cardiac disorders as compared to single drug therapy.Background:

Materials and Methods:

A rapid, simple, and sensitive HPTLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Trimetazidine and metoprolol from its tablet dosage form and validated. In HPTLC method, standard and sample solutions of Trimetazidine hydrochloride and metoprolol succinate were applied on pre-coated silica gel G 60 F254 TLC plate, and developed by using mobile phase, n-butanol :water: methanol: ammonia as solvent (8.5:0.1:0.1: 0.85, v/v). The drugs on plate were scanned at 213 nm. The method produced compact and well-resolved bands at Rf of 0.32 ± 0.02 and 0.66 ± 0.02 for Trimetazidine Hydrochloride and Metoprolol succinate respectively. The range for linearity was observed as 500-2500 ng band-1 for Trimetazidine hydrochloride and 500-2500 ng band-1 for metoprolol succinate and correlation coefficient were 0.9991 and 0.9997 respectively.

Conclusion:

The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines for precision, accuracy, Limit of detection, Limit of quantitation, specificity and robustness. The method was checked for suitability in determination of Trimetazidine hydrochloride and Metoprolol succinate in their tablet dosage form. The assay result was found to be 99.64 % ± 0.45 and 99.94 % ± 0.53 of percentage label claim for Trimetazidine hydrochloride and Metoprolol succinate respectively.
Characterization of Hot Bituminous-Asphalt Mixtures with Recycled Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Gutiérrez-González S. , Calderón V. , Rodríguez A. , Gadea J. , Junco C. , Santamaría-Vicario I.
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

The use of polymer wastes in pavement as road is an increasing trend in the road construction sector. Those new pavements reduce the amount of solid waste disposed into landfills and provide more sustainable construction due to the use of in-situ materials. Polyurethane foam waste is a thermostable polymer being used in the form of a grey-coloured foam, a by-product of the automobile industry.

Aim:

The focus of this work centers on the exploitation of polyurethane foam waste in full or partial substitution of the fines and the mineral powder that form the bituminous mixtures to produce a sustainable alternative for bituminous asphalt used in pavement construction.

Methods:

A series of specimens were manufactured and tested for the Marshall test, with different percentages of polyurethane foam waste aggregates (50% and 100%), calculating their apparent densities.

Results:

The results show acceptable compatibility between the elements of bituminous concrete and the polyurethane waste, producing a reduction in both the apparent density and Marshall stability, as well as an increase in volume and an increase in deformation with higher volumes of waste in the mixture.
Cathodic protection in reinforced concrete structures affected by macrocell corrosion: a discussion about the significance of the protection criteria
Authors: Laurens Stephane , Francois Raoul
Published: December 2017

Cathodic protection is a technique that has been used to control corrosion and increase the service life of reinforced concrete structure. Standards as EN ISO 12696 give protection criteria for both impressed current and sacrificial anodes techniques, based on potential value or decay during a depolarization sequence. The polarization (current ON) and depolarization (current OFF) is experimentally studied on a corroded concrete wall thanks to six references electrodes and compared to a time-dependent modelling using FEM software COMSOL Multiphysics. Both experimental and numerical results show significant differences in the time response according to electrode location. This conclusion indicates that the concept of protection criteria defined by the standards is not suitable to assess the efficiency of cathodic protection applied to reinforced concrete structure.
Cambios de cobertura y uso de suelo: estudio de caso en Progreso Hidalgo, Estado de México
Authors: Camacho Sanabria Raúl , Camacho Sanabria José Manuel , Balderas Plata Miguel Ángel , Sánchez López Marcela
Published: December 2017

Actualmente, en Progreso Hidalgo la pérdida de la rentabilidad y de la capacidad productiva agrícola está ocasionando cambios en las coberturas de uso de suelo y vegetación (conversión agrícola), uno de ellos es la implementación de la producción agrícola en invernaderos. Por lo cual la presente investigación tiene por objetivo analizar los cambios de cobertura y uso de suelo para los periodos 2000-2007 y 2007-2015, mediante mapas de uso de suelo y vegetación, resultado de la interpretación visual interdependiente de insumos cartográficos, para comprender los procesos de cambio y la dinámica de uso de suelo que determina a la zona. Los mapas obtenidos fueron sometidos a la validación cartográfica para conocer su grado de confiabilidad temática. Por medio de la sobreposición de dichos mapas se determinaron los indicadores de cambio, índices de Braimoh y las tasas de cambio. Los resultados alcanzados expresan que, para el periodo 2000-2007, las categorías de agricultura (de temporal y riego) y bosque decrecieron, puesto que se perdieron 23.04 ha y 16.76 ha, respectivamente. Por su parte, la cobertura que obtuvo mayores ganancias fueron los invernaderos con 5.19 ha, mientras que para el periodo 2007-2015 la agricultura perdió 18.71 ha, pasando a invernaderos 14.39 ha. La pérdida de la superficie agrícola es producto de la implementación y expansión de nuevos espacios destinados a la producción agrícola en invernaderos, condicionados principalmente por factores ambientales (protección de cultivos y tipo, estado y condición del suelo) y socioeconómicos (programas gubernamentales, accesibilidad, cantidad de producción y tipo comercialización).
Investigation on the Effect of Addition of Fe3+ Ion into the Colloidal AgNPs in PVA Solution and Understanding Its Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Roto Roto , Marcelina Marcelina , Aprilita Nurul Hidayat , Mudasir Mudasir , Natsir Taufik Abdillah , Mellisani Bella
Published: December 2017

Analysis of Fe3+ ion present in aqueous solutions is always of interests. Recently, this ion has been analyzed by colorimetric methods using colloid of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in capping agents of polymers. The reaction mechanism between AgNPs and Fe3+ is still subject to the further investigation. In this work, 1,10-phenanthroline was used to probe the reaction mechanism between AgNPs and Fe3+ ion in the solution. The colloids of AgNPs were prepared in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and reacted with Fe3+. The colloid surface plasmon absorbance decreases linearly along with the increase in Fe3+ concentration. The addition of 1,10-phenanthroline to mixture changes the solution to red, indicating that the reaction produces Fe2+. This suggests that the reduction of the AgNPs absorbance is the result of oxidation of the Ag nanoparticles along with the reduction of Fe3+.
PCR Primer Specific CaMV 35S Promoter to Detect Transgenic Soybean in Indonesia Commercial Soy Bean and Tempeh
Authors: Raharjo Tri Joko , Surajiman Surajiman
Published: December 2017

In the framework of the supervision and enforcement of the regulation regarding the content of soybean transgenic in food and processed foods such as tempeh, a reliable testing method is indispensable. Performance specific primer PCR amplification with promoter of CaMV 35S tested to detect the presence of GMOs. The parameters tested were specificity, precision and cut off detection using CRM transgenic soybean. The method is reliable to detect transgenic soybean specifically and has the annealing temperature at 59 °C during the 30 cycle standard PCR condition. The method did not show any false positive and false negative results meaning good precision. The cut off the methods is up to 2 copies total DNA of soybean or less than 104 copies of the CaMV 35S promoter. Observation to the commercial soybeans and tempeh found that most of the commercially available soybean in Indonesia are transgenic (8 of 10 sample) while all tested tempeh sample were detected have been fermented from transgenic soybeans.
Bilayer-Structured Regenerated Cellulose/Chitosan Films Prepared with Ionic Liquid
Authors: Tanjung Faisal Amri , Arifin Yalun , Abdullah Abdul Hamid , Tahir Iqmal
Published: December 2017

The effects of chitosan on properties of regenerated cellulose/chitosan (RC/Ch) films were investigated. The films were prepared using a sequence process of solution-casting in a lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide ionic liquid, and coagulation in water. Due to the amorphous structure of chitosan and the formation of hydrogen bonding between the functional groups of the both components, tensile strength of the films decreased considerably; however, elongation at break increased. Furthermore, SEM morphology indicated a visible separated layers comprising of rigid and ductile surfaces. The addition of chitosan clearly improved the thermal stability of the films, although the thermal degradation mechanism was not altered.
Adsorption and Desorption of Na+ and NO3− Ions on Thermosensitive NIPAM-co-DMAAPS Gel in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ningrum Eva Oktavia , Purwanto Agus , Mulyadi Eka Octaviyatna , Dewitasari Dinny Islamiah , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: December 2017

Adsorbent gel with the ability to absorb and to desorb Na+ and NO3− ions simultaneously with temperature swing was synthesized by free radical copolymerization reaction of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N,N-dimethyl-(acrylamidopropyl)ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAAPS). In this study, NIPAM acts as a thermosensitive agent and DMAAPS as an adsorbent agent. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature and solution concentration on the swelling, adsorption, and desorption behaviors of NIPAM-co-DMAAPS gel. The relationship between adsorption and desorption behaviors of the gel was also elucidated. NaNO3 solution was selected as the target solution in swelling, adsorption, and desorption test. It was observed that the swelling degree of the gel increased as temperature and solution concentration raised. The adsorption amount of ions decreased with the increase of temperature. In contrast, the amount of ions desorbed from the gel increased linearly with temperature.
The Development of Reproducible and Selective Uric Acid Biosensor by Using Electrodeposited Polytyramine as Matrix Polymer
Authors: Situmorang Manihar , Nurwahyuni Isnaini
Published: December 2017

A versatile method for the construction of reproducible and high selective uric acid biosensor is explained. Electrodeposited polytyramine is used as biosensor matrixes due to its compatibility to immobilize enzyme uric oxidase in the membrane electrode. The precise control over the charge passed during deposition of polytyramine allows concomitant control over the thickness of the deposited enzyme layers onto the surface of the electrode. The uric acid biosensor showed a sensitive response to uric acid with a linear calibration curve lies in the concentration range of 0.1–2.5 mM, slope 0.066 µA mM-1, and the limit detection was 0.01 mM uric acid (S/N = 3). The biosensor shown excellent reproducibility, the variation between response curves for uric acid lies between RSD 1% at low concentrations and up to RSD 6% at saturation concentration. Uric acid biosensor is free from normal interference. The biosensor showed good stability and to be applicable to determine uric acid in real samples. Analysis of uric acid in the reference standard serum samples by the biosensor method are all agreed with the real value from supplier. Standard samples were also analyzed independently by two methods: the present biosensor method and the standard UV-Vis spectrophotometry method, gave a correlation coefficient of 0.994. This result confirms that the biosensor method meets the rigid demands expected for uric acid in real samples.
Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil Using CaO/MCM-41 Catalyst Synthesized from Lapindo Mud by Sonochemical Method
Authors: Mahardika Ida Bagus Putra , Trisunaryanti Wega , Triyono Triyono , Wijaya Dwi Putra , Dewi Kumala
Published: December 2017

Transesterification of waste cooking oil using CaO/MCM-41 synthesized from Lapindo mud by the sonochemical method has been carried out. The silica was separated from the mud by reflux method used 6 M HCl and 6 M NaOH. The silica was then analyzed by XRF and used as silica source in MCM-41 synthesis. The synthesis of MCM-41 was carried out by the sonochemical method, then analyzed by XRD, Infrared spectrophotometer, SAA, and TEM. The Ca2+ was loaded onto the MCM-41 by wet impregnation method under variation of the Ca2+ content of 1.15, 1.29, 2.39, and 3.25 wt.% analyzed by ICP produced CaO(1), CaO(2), CaO(3), and CaO(4)/MCM-41 catalyst respectively. Transesterification of used cooking oil was carried out under methanol/oil mole ratio of 15/1, the temperature of 55, 65 and 75 °C, and catalyst/oil weight ratio of 5/100, 10/100 and 15/100 for 2 h by reflux method. The XRD analysis of the MCM-41 showed a characteristic peak at 2θ = 2-5°. The MCM-41 has a specific surface area of 1290 m2/g and pore diameter of 3.4 nm. The TEM images of MCM-41 showed ordered pore distribution with a hexagonal shape. The highest conversion of methyl ester was 78.17 wt.% obtained under the reaction conditions at 65 °C and catalyst/oil weight ratio of 15/100 using the CaO(4)/MCM-41. The lifetime CaO(4)/MCM-41 catalyst was 9.8 h.
Distribution and Source of Sedimentary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) in River Sediment of Jakarta
Authors: Rinawati Rinawati , Takada Hideshige
Published: December 2017

In this study, the distribution and source identification of sedimentary PAHs from 13 rivers running through Jakarta City were investigated. Freeze-dried sediment samples were extracted by pressurized fluid extraction and purified by two-step of column chromatography. PAHs were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). High concentrations of PAHs, ranging from 1992 to 17635 ng/g-dw, were observed at all sampling locations. Ratios of alkylated PAHs to parent PAHs exhibited both petrogenic and pyrogenic signatures with predominantly petrogenic inputs. High hopanne concentrations (4238-40375 ng/g dry sediment) supported the petrogenic input to Jakarta’s rivers. The high concentration of PAHs is indicator for organic micropollutant in the aquatic urban environment in Jakarta that may have the potential to cause adverse effect to the environment.
The Pragmatic Analysis of the American TV Series’ Humorous Dialogues Based on the Perspective of Relevance Theory—Take the Example of the 2 Broken Girls
Authors: Tang Xiao , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we analyze the pragmatic analysis of the humorous dialogues of American TV series. And based on the theory of relevance theory, this paper analyzes and studies the dialogue in the TV series “broken sisters”, which aims to improve the understanding of American TV series.
LITERACY REQUIREMENTS OF COURT DOCUMENTS: AN UNDER-EXPLORED BARRIER TO ACCESS TO JUSTICE
Authors: Salyzyn Amy , Isaj Lori , Piva Brandon , Burkell Jacquelyn
Published: December 2017

We know that members of the public find court forms complex. Less is known, however, about what in particular makes these documents difficult for non-legally trained people to complete.

     The study described in this article seeks to fill this information gap by deploying a “functional literacy” framework to evaluate court form complexity. In contrast to more traditional conceptions of literacy, “functional literacy” shifts the focus away from the ability to read and towards the ability of individuals to meet task demands. Under this framework, an individual is assigned a literacy level by virtue of the complexity of the tasks that he or she is able to complete. As a result, the framework focuses as much on tasks (and associated documents) as it does on the capacity of the individual.       Four different Ontario forms needed to initiate three different types of legal proceedings were examined. The results of the study are described in significant detail in the article. Some of the identified sources of challenge include requirements to: generate information that requires expert legal knowledge; infer the meaning of technical legal terms; and move between multiple information sources (including, for example, searching on a website to find a correct court address). Another set of identified challenges was reflected in “distractors” contained in the court forms that risked confusing the reader, such as broad requests for information or the use of unclear terms. Although the associated court guides provided some guidance on the above types of issues, we found that such guidance was often incomplete and also potentially difficult to access given the overall complexity of the guides themselves.

     Although proposing comprehensive solutions was beyond the scope of this study, the article concludes with a preliminary discussion of possible solutions, including form redesign, the use of dynamic electronic forms and the provision of unbundled legal services.
ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND JUSTICE SYSTEM INTEGRATION: BRITISH COLUMBIA’S CIVIL RESOLUTION TRIBUNAL
Authors: Salter Shannon
Published: December 2017

This article undertakes a brief comparison of private and public online dispute resolution [ODR] systems before providing an overview of the Civil Resolution Tribunal [CRT], Canada’s first online tribunal, and its ODR processes. The article discusses why the CRT has come to be, how it has been implemented, as well as its implications for civil justice reform more broadly. A main proposition is that the transformational potential of ODR will only be realized when ODR is fully integrated with public justice processes. This proposition is not without its difficulties, as the CRT’s experience illustrates. To this end, the article also provides an introduction to some of the opportunities and challenges offered by an integrated ODR system like the CRT as well as some of the steps the CRT has taken to meet these demands as transparently and collaboratively as possible.
COLLABORATIVE POLICY-MAKING, LAW STUDENTS, AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE: THE REWARDS OF DESTABILIZING INSTITUTIONAL PATTERNS
Authors: Lowenberger Brea , Keet Michaela , Anderson Janelle
Published: December 2017

Heightened concerns and dialogue about access to justice have infused the law school setting in Saskatchewan and, to varying degrees, across the country. If there ever were a time to approach social justice reform differently – to upset traditional parameters around decision making and step around older hierarchies for input and design – it would be now. This article describes the Dean’s Forum on Dispute Resolution and Access to Justice (colloquially known as the Dean’s Forum) as a platform for genuine student engagement in the development of public policy in this important area. We offer our combined reflections, gathered inside our “teaching team,” about the unique pedagogical features of our experiment and its challenges. As we continue to grow with the project, we offer this Saskatchewan story as one example of institutional collaboration in a quickly evolving educational and social policy landscape.
ENHANCING THE LEGAL PROFESSION’S CAPACITY FOR INNOVATION: THE PROMISE OF REFLECTIVE PRACTICE AND ACTION RESEARCH FOR INCREASING ACCESS TO JUSTICE
Authors: Leering Michele M
Published: December 2017

Recent national reports have documented growing justice gaps in Canada and have identified a compelling need for innovation in the justice sector to better meet the needs of the public. Nurturing a greater capacity for individual, collective, and critical reflection will ensure the legal profession is much better equipped to respond creatively and strategically to a lack of equal access to justice. In this article, I explore the generative and transformative potential of reflective practice – an important professional competency in other professional disciplines, but under-theorized in law, and action research – a dynamic and flexible form of qualitative research for supporting a culture of innovation in the legal profession and the justice system. Reflective capacity is a crucial enabler of innovative thinking, and it undergirds approaches to encouraging individual and systems change emerging from the organizational learning and innovation literature. An enhanced capacity for reflection will also support more generative and “future-forming” dialogues within the profession and between justice system stakeholders. Furthermore, systematically reflecting on disorienting empirical data about the troubling state of access to justice could develop an “access to justice consciousness” in law students and legal professionals, leading to a stronger willingness to take action to narrow the justice gaps. Introducing action research as an unpretentious and effective enabler of profound transformation and innovation in individual and organizational practices offers significant promise for tackling the “wicked problem” of access to justice. Practical illustrations of action research as an enabler of innovation drawn from legal practice are provided.
Profil Penggunaan Obat Pada Pasien Dispepsia Di RSU Anutapura Palu
Authors: Srikandi Novia , Mukaddas Alwiyah , Faustine Inggrid
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penggunaan obat pada pasien dispepsia di RSU Anutapura Palu. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yang dilakukan secara retrospektif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari 258 pasien, sebagian besar berjenis kelamin perempuan 68,99%, berumur 19 – 44 tahun 55,04%, tingkat pendidikan menengah 49,61%, pekerjaan PNS 20,54%, dengan manifestasi klinik berupa nyeri epigastrium 86,04%. Jumlah pasien yang mendapatkan variasi 1 – 3 obat 94,57%. Kelas terapi obat terbanyak adalah antiulkus 76,37%, golongan antasida 29,96%, bentuk sediaan yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu kapsul 37,15% dengan rute pemberian secara oral 98,14%.
Optimasi Pembentuk Film Polivinil Alkohol dan Humektan Propilen Glikol pada Formula Masker Gel Peel off Sari Buah Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Andini Tricia , Yusriadi Yusriadi , Yuliet Yuliet
Published: December 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang formulasi dalam bentuk sediaan masker gel peel-off. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimum polivinil alkohol sebagai pembentuk film dan propilen glikol sebagai humektan terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia sediaan masker gel peel-off sari buah labu kuning, stabilitas formula optimummasker gel dan aktivitas antioksidan sediaan. Formula optimum yang didapatkan yaitu formula 1 dengan konsentrasi PVA 10%  dan PG 10% kemudian dilakukan evaluasi karakteristik mutu fisik kimia dan stabilitas meliputi pengujian daya sebar, pH, viskositas dan lama pengeringan. Pengamatan dilakukan tiap minggu selama 4 minggu penyimpanan pada suhu ruang. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan secara statistik menggunakan metode paired sample t test. Hasil penelitian masker gel peel-off pada formula optimum menunjukkan sediaan stabil selama penyimpanan dimana tidak terjadi perubahan yang signifikan pada tiap parameter uji. Aktivitas antioksidan gel masker peel-off tergolong kuat yang dinyatakan dengan peresen peredaman formula optimum pada hari ke- 2 adalah 75,18% dan 73,37% pada hari ke- 30 setelah penyimpanan pada suhu ruang
Aktivitas Anti-inflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) pada Model Inflamasi Terinduksi CFA (Complete Freund's Adjuvant)
Authors: Sudirman Reza Setiawan , Usmar Usmar , Rahim Abdul , Bahar Muh. Akbar
Published: December 2017

A research about anti-inflammatory effect of Beluntas leaves extract on CFA (Complete Freund’s Adjuvant) induced inflammatory model has been conducted. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of Beluntas leaves extract in alleviating CFA-induced paw edema in mice (Mus musculus). The number of mice used was 15 and was divided into 5 groups. Group I was treated with NaCMC. Group II, III, and IV were given suspension of Beluntas leaves extract 100 mg/Kg, 300 mg/Kg, and 500 mg/Kg BW, respectively. Group V was a positive control treated with suspension of diclofenac sodium 0.1 ml/10 g orally. The determination of anti-inflammatory potency was based on the average time needed to ameliorate the edema volume. The shortest  time period of edema reduction was produced by diclofenac sodium (within 9.33 days), then followed by Beluntas leaves extract with the concentration of 300 mg/Kg (within 12 days), 500 mg/Kg (within 14.33 days), and 100 mg/Kg (within 17.67 days), consecutively. These results are significantly different compared to negative control group which did not reduce the edema volume during 18 days of observation. In conclusion, ethanol extract of Beluntas leaves has an effective anti-inflamatory effect.
Ranking Accounting Journals by Topical Area and Methodology
Authors: Barrick John A. , Mecham Nathan W. , Summers Scott L. , Wood David A.
Published: December 2017

This paper presents rankings of accounting journals disaggregated by topical area (AIS, audit, financial, managerial, tax, and other) and methodology (analytical, archival, experimental, and other). We find that only for the financial topical area and archival methodology does the traditional top-3 characterization of the best journals accurately describe what journals publish the most-cited work. For all other topic areas and methodologies, the top-3 characterization does not describe what journals publish the most-cited work. For only analytical research does the traditional top-6 journal characterization accurately describe what journals publish the most-cited work. In AIS, the traditional top-3/-6 journals are even less representative, as only one traditional top-3 journal is listed among the six journals publishing the most-cited AIS work, and only three of the traditional top-6 journals are in this list. In addition to creating journal rankings using citations, we create rankings using a unique measure of the attention given by stakeholders outside of the academy. With this measure we find similar results; the traditional top journals are not publishing the articles that receive the most attention in some topical areas. The results call into question whether individuals and institutions should rely solely on the traditional top-3/-6 journal lists for evaluating research productivity and impact.

JEL Classifications: M4; M40; M41; M42; M49.

Data Availability: Requests for data may be made to the authors.
Accounting Information Technology in Small Businesses: An Inquiry
Authors: Fordham David R. , Hamilton Carol W.
Published: December 2017

This inquiry addresses the prevalence of computerized accounting information technology in the U.S. small business environment. Academic and practitioner literature gives the impression that small business has widely adopted computerized accounting systems. Our study looked at a broad range of small businesses and found that a large majority are still using accounting practices that do not constitute true integrated computerized accounting systems. Further, of those which are using integrated software, over 90% are using industry-specific software rather than the general-purpose small-business accounting packages which dominate the literature. These results suggest that: (1) penetration of integrated accounting software is not as prevalent in small business as the literature might imply, (2) there is opportunity for research into why business owners do not utilize integrated software, (3) there may be opportunity to help entrepreneurs improve their efficiency and effectiveness, and (4) entrepreneurs using integrating software find benefits beyond simple accounting functions.
How Does Empagliflozin Reduce Cardiovascular Mortality? Insights From a Mediation Analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial
Authors: Inzucchi Silvio E. , Zinman Bernard , Fitchett David , Wanner Christoph , Ferrannini Ele , Schumacher Martin , Schmoor Claudia , Ohneberg Kristin , Johansen Odd Erik , George Jyothis T. , Hantel Stefan , Bluhmki Erich , Lachin John M.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE

In the BI 10773 (Empagliflozin) Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) trial involving 7,020 patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular (CV) disease, empagliflozin given in addition to standard of care reduced the risk of CV death by 38% versus placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.62 [95% CI 0.49, 0.77]). This exploratory mediation analysis assesses the extent to which treatment group differences in covariates during the trial contributed to CV death risk reduction with empagliflozin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Effects of potential mediators, identified post hoc, on the HR for CV death with empagliflozin versus placebo were analyzed by Cox regression models, with treatment group adjusted for the baseline value of the variable and its change from baseline or updated mean (i.e., considering all prior values), each as a time-dependent covariate. HRs were compared with a model without adjustment for covariates. Multivariable analyses also were performed.

RESULTS

Changes in hematocrit and hemoglobin mediated 51.8% and 48.9%, respectively, of the effect of empagliflozin versus placebo on the risk of CV death on the basis of changes from baseline, with similar results in analyses on the basis of updated means. Smaller mediation effects (maximum 29.3%) were observed for uric acid, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c. In multivariable models, which incorporated effects of empagliflozin on hematocrit, fasting glucose, uric acid, and urine albumin:creatinine ratio, the combined changes from baseline provided 85.2% mediation, whereas updated mean analyses provided 94.6% mediation of the effect of empagliflozin on CV death.

CONCLUSIONS

In this exploratory analysis from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, changes in markers of plasma volume were the most important mediators of the reduction in risk of CV death with empagliflozin versus placebo.
Interface dialética e Crítica imanente em Hegel e Adorno
Authors: Kussumi Mirian Monteiro
Published: December 2017

Entre os autores da Teoria Crítica frankfurtiana, talvez Adorno seja declaradamente o mais influenciado pela filosofia de Hegel. Coube ao mesmo preservar o sentido de dialética que, reconfigurada, aparece como método essencialmente crítico. Salientar o criticismo da dialética significa, aos olhos de Adorno, entendê-la como essencialmente negativa, algo previsto na sua formulação inicial no contexto do idealismo pós-kantiano. Entretanto, é possível observar tão claramente essa força crítica dentro do próprio Hegel? A resposta a tal questão surge na própria comparação entre os conceitos (Crítica, dialética, negatividade) conjugados pelos dois pensadores, algo que buscamos mostrar no presente artigo.
Sobre a atualidade da Teoria Crítica: alguns aspectos
Authors: Perius Oneide
Published: December 2017

O presente texto pretende apresentar argumentos que evidenciem a atualidade da Teoria Crítica e a sua importância para a análise filosófica das sociedades contemporâneas. Expor a realidade desde a lógica profunda que a ordena e, assim, desvelar suas contradições: este é o núcleo filosófico deste projeto de uma teoria crítica da sociedade e disso advém sua atualidade.
TEORI CATERING DAN KARAKTERISTIK KEUANGAN DALAM KEPUTUSAN DIVIDEN PERUSAHAAN BUMN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati , Ahmad Rastina
Published: December 2017

Keputusan dividen merupakan kebijakan strategis yang berkaitan dengan keputusan keuangan maupun investasi. Kebijakan dividen penting untuk memenuhi harapan para pemegang saham. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan prediksi teori catering dan karakteristik keuangan perusahaan yang memengaruhi keputusan perusahaan membayar dividen. Penelitian dilakukan pada perusahaan go public BUMN yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Pengujian prediksi teori catering dan karakteristik keuangan perusahaan dalam melakukan pembayaran dividen dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode regresi Logistik. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 110 perusahaan BUMN selama periode 2009-2014. Data penelitian menggunakan laporan keuangan perusahaan BUMN yang diperoleh dari Indonesian Capital Exchange (IDX) dan data dari Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD). Selanjutnya Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan permintaan investor akan dividen tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecenderungan manajer untuk membayar dividen, dengan demikian prediksi teori catering tidak berpengaruh dalam keputusan perusahaan untuk membayar dividen. Profitabilitas merupakan karakteristik keuangan perusahaan dalam membayar dividen sedangkan arus kas bebas bukan merupakan karakteristik keuangan perusahaan dalam pembayaran dividen.
Knowledge level of the elementary school of Arjasari students after education regarding natural background radiation and oral health care
Authors: A Azhari , Sitam Suhardjo , Susilawati Sri , Satifyl Irmaleny , Octavia Ivhatry Rizky , Damayanti Merry Annisa
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Environment and behaviour are the main factors affecting the health status of a human being. People living in high natural radiation exposure area (radon zone), which is as much as 85% of the air content, characterized by many presents of granite rocks. The village of Arjasari is an area with many granite rocks presence. The objective of this study was to determined the knowledge level of the elementary school students after education regarding natural background radiation and oral health care. Methods: The research was a descriptive survey research, with data sampling taken by using questionnaires towards as much as 150 elementary students. Previously, respondents were given first education regarding natural background radiation and oral health care. Instruments in this study using questionnaires that was tested for validation and reliabilities. Data analysis used was a descriptive survey technique processed by using computer program. Data was percentages of three rating categories, which were high, medium and low. Results: The results showed that the knowledge level of student regarding natural background radiation and oral health care. was as much as 14% in the high category; as much as 45% in the moderate category; and as much as 41% in the low category. Conclusion: Knowledge level of student after education about natural radiation and the effect of oral health was in the moderate category level.
“El hombre del año 2000”. Actores, discursos y políticas hacia la infancia durante la dictadura (1976-1980)
Authors: Osuna María Florencia
Published: December 2017

Este artículo se propone reconstruir un conjunto diverso de iniciativas, representaciones y redes de actores vinculado a la infancia que tuvo lugar durante la última dictadura argentina (1976-1980). Por un lado, analiza la conexión imaginaria existente en esos años entre los niños, el futuro y la tecnología, que era compartida por actores variopintos. En relación con esto, para la dictadura, la infancia representaba un campo potencial de incertidumbre que era necesario controlar y dirigir. Por otro lado, el trabajo estudia la conmemoración del “Año internacional del niño” de 1979 dando cuenta de las influencias internacionales de la Iglesia y también de UNICEF en la realización del evento. También muestra la diversidad de actores y de propuestas hacia la infancia que tuvo lugar en el espacio público en los años más represivos del terrorismo de Estado.
PERANAN SOSIALISASI NILAI KEBERSAMAAN DALAM UPAYA MENANGGULANGI KONFLIK BERAGAMA DALAM KEHIDUPAN BERMASYARAKAT DI KOTA PALNGKA RAYA
Authors: Erawati Desy
Published: December 2017

Forum Kerukunan Antar Umat Beragama (FKUB) is a mediating institution on interfaith harmony, especially in the city of Palangkaraya. The question is how the value model of socialization of the value of togetherness conducted by FKUB Palangka Raya city so that it can bridge the life of tolerance between religious communities in the city of Palangka Raya. The methodology of this study is to use a research and development approach with a modified analysis of Miles and Huberman. The results of this study indicate that the working pattern of FKUB Palangka Raya works in accordance with the planned work program, proved to be able to handle several cases related to the establishment of houses of worship and its scope, prioritize the objectivity to produce mutually agreed decisions based on consensus reached agreement. The development of socialization of the value of togetherness is derived from several values such as the value of ideology (universal truth), religious values, cultural values. By way of coaching, intensive direction, then this togetherness attitude can be well established, especially supported by the value of local wisdom is the philosophy of "Huma Betang"
The vineyards of Laconia
Authors: Dalby Andrew
Published: December 2017

Uma demonstração do método pelo qual detalhes da história social da Grécia arcaica podem ser obtidos a partir de fragmentos da literatura perdida. Em um estudo de Alcman, fr. 92 Davies, o texto, os aromas de vinhos e as origens geográficas de vinhos são consideradas em sequência. A gastronomia de Alcman é colocada no contexto de outras obras de Alcman e da cultura hedonística da antiga Esparta.
Dominant Factor Affecting PHBS at Household in Padang
Authors: Rahmi Prima Ringga , Noer Melinda , Hidayat Benny
Published: December 2017

Healthy and clean behaviour are behaviors that made family contribute in pursuing a healthy living environment. Based on City Health Office Padang data in 2015, the implementation of healthy and clean behavior at Andalas Public Health Center work area only 3,18 %. The Purpose of this study to determine the factors associated with the implementation of Healthy and clean behaviour among household  who live in Padang. This research use mixed method design with sequential explanatory approach. Samples were choosen using cluster sampling technique amount 99 unit of Household. The quantitative data were collected by interview with questionare and analyzed using multivariate, logistic regression with 95% CI (p= 0.05). The qualitative data were collected by depth interview and analyzed using content analysis. The result of multivariate analysis showed the dominant factor is basic sanitation. Basic sanitation eligible households will increase by 5.8 times. The research suggest Public Health Center should build cooperation cross-sectors with Public Work Service Office to fulfill of basic sanitation, like the fulfill of clean water needs and adding healthy sewerage system
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity of Pergularia tomentosa against carbon tetra chloride induced hepatic damage in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Kumar Vinoth , Elangovan Malliga , Srinivasan Raja Sekar
Published: December 2017

Many oxidative stress related disease are due to accumulation of free radicals in the body which causes cell injury. In this study, the enzymatic antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione-s-transferase, Glutathione peroxidase, Ascorbate oxidase and Polyphenoloxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Total reduced glutathione and Vitamin C) activities were determined using Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) rat liver as experimental model. The ethanol and chloroform extract showed noticeable increases in enzymatic antioxidant and non- enzymatic antioxidant and thus capability to scavenge the free radicals and protect against oxidative stress causing diseases. Thus, the present study indicates that the plant may be clinically valuable agent in the prevention of hepatic failure caused by CCl4 intoxication.
Language Error Analysis on Verified Twitter Timeline
Authors: Kurniadi Fajar
Published: December 2017

Human is a part of language development. Human use language in every aspects of life, including in cyberspace. Cyberspace give a lot of ease in interaction and expressing yourself that sometimes people didn't realize breaking the rules of language use. Twitter is one of social media that provided in cyberspace. Verified twitter account is an account that is consider to have part or influence in the society. The owner of the account can be individual or institution. The objective of this research is to get information about language error in verified twitter account, explain the error and correct it. The research method that used is descriptive analysis. The researcher collect evidences as much as possible and then analyze them. The result of the research is that there are language errors in verified twitter posts, especially in the use of standardized Indonesian language
Keyword:Â Error, Language, Twitter, Verified
Frailty syndrome and socioeconomic and health characteristics among older adults
Authors: Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos , Corrêa Thaís Aline Freitas , Dias Flavia Aparecida , Ferreira Pollyana Cristina dos Santos , Pegorari Maycon Sousa
Published: December 2017

Objective:To investigate the association of frailty syndrome with socioeconomic and health variables among older adults.Methods:This is a cross-sectional, observational and analytical household research conducted with a sample of 1,609 urban elderly. We used: semi-structured questionnaire, scales (Katz, Lawton and shortened version of Geriatric Depression Scale) and Fragility Phenotype proposed by Fried. Descriptive analysis was performed along with a bivariate and multinomial logistic regression model (p <0.05).Results:The prevalence of pre-frailty condition was 52.0% and the fragility corresponded to 13.6%. Pre-frailty and frailty associated factors were, respectively: age range between 70 and 79 years and 80 years or more; one to four morbidities and five or more morbidities categories; functional disability for basic and instrumental activities of daily life and depression indicative; whilst lack of a companion or income and female gender were only associated to pre-frailty.Conclusion:The conditions of pre-frailty and frailty levels were elevated with negative effects on the health of the elderly.