bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Outflow in NGC 253 at a Resolution of Two Parsecs
Authors: Krieger Nico , Bolatto Alberto D. , Walter Fabian , Leroy Adam K. , Zschaechner Laura K. , Meier David S. , Ott Jürgen , Weiss Axel , Mills Elisabeth A. C. , Levy Rebecca C. , Veilleux Sylvain , Gorski Mark
Published: August 2019

We present 0.″15 (∼2.5 pc) resolution ALMA CO(3–2) observations of the starbursting center in NGC 253. Together with archival ALMA CO(1–0) and CO(2–1) data, we decompose the emission into disk and nondisk components. We find ∼7%–16% of the CO luminosity to be associated with the nondisk component (1.2–4.2 × 107 K km s−1 pc2). The total molecular gas mass in the center of NGC 253 is ∼3.6 × 108
M
⊙ with ∼0.5 × 108
M
⊙ (∼15%) in the nondisk component. These measurements are consistent across independent mass estimates through three CO transitions. The high-resolution CO(3–2) observations allow us to identify the molecular outflow within the nondisk gas. Using a starburst conversion factor, we estimate the deprojected molecular mass outflow rate, kinetic energy, and momentum in the starburst of NGC 253. The deprojected molecular mass outflow rate is in the range of ∼14–39 M
⊙ yr−1 with an uncertainty of 0.4 dex. The large spread arises due to different interpretations of the kinematics of the observed gas while the errors are due to unknown geometry. The majority of this outflow rate is contributed by distinct outflows perpendicular to the disk, with a significant contribution by diffuse molecular gas. This results in a mass-loading factor

in the range η ∼ 8−20 for gas ejected out to ∼300 pc. We find the kinetic energy of the outflow to be ∼2.5–4.5 × 1054 erg and a typical error of ∼0.8 dex, which is ∼0.1% of the total or ∼8% of the kinetic energy supplied by the starburst. The outflow momentum is 4.8–8.7 × 108
M
⊙ km s−1 (∼0.5 dex error) or ∼2.5%–4% of the kinetic momentum released into the ISM by the feedback. The unknown outflow geometry and launching sites are the primary sources of uncertainty in this study.
A estrutura de maternidades como indicador de segurança materna/The maternity structure as a maternal safety indicator
Authors: Franchi Juliana Vicente de Oliveira , Pelloso Sandra Marisa , Ferrari Rosângela Aparecida Pimenta , Cardelli Alexandrina Aparecida Maciel
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar a estrutura de cinco maternidades do Programa Rede Mãe Paranaense nos municípios da 17ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, de avaliação, realizado em quatro maternidades-referências para o risco habitual e intermediário e uma para o alto risco. A coleta de dados ocorreu de julho de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, mediante entrevista com formulário estruturado às chefias de enfermagem e roteiro de observação pela pesquisadora. Os dados foram analisados conforme a Resolução 36/2008 do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: observou-se a presença de sala de acolhimento (40%), sala exame de admissão (40%) e quartos de pré-parto/parto/pós-parto (80%). Nas especialidades foi constatada a oferta de ultrassonografia (60%), ecocardiografia (60%), radiologia (80%), laboratório clínico (80%) e posto de coleta de leite humano (40%). A respeito dos materiais de emergência, 100% dos serviços dispunham de tais recursos, no entanto, 60% possuíam monitor e desfibrilador cardíaco. Observou-se que mais de 50% dos serviços não ofereceram capacitação aos profissionais no ano anterior. Em 60% das instituições os protocolos assistenciais estavam disponíveis, porém desatualizados. Conclusões: faz-se necessária melhoria na estrutura física das maternidades, capacitação aos recursos humanos, além de elaboração e atualização de protocolos assistenciais, visando à segurança materna.
Perfil medicamentoso de pessoas com hipertensão arterial/ Medication profile of people with hypertension
Authors: Rêgo Anderson Da Silva , Soares Ana Caroline , Silva Poliana Ávila , Fernandes Carlos Alexandre Molena , Baldissera Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi , Radovanovic Cremilde Aparecida Trindade
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil medicamentoso de pessoas com hipertensão arterial acompanhadas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Método: estudo transversal realizado com 417 pessoas, no município de Maringá, localizado no noroeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada no primeiro semestre de 2016. Foi utilizado um instrumento para avaliar a satisfação de usuários com hipertensão arterial com os serviços prestados pela Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Neste estudo, foram usadas somente as questões referentes ao perfil sociodemográfico e medicamentoso. Na análise dos dados, aplicou-se estatística descritiva. Resultado: houve prevalência de idosos (62,3%), grande parte do sexo feminino (67,9%), com até o ensino fundamental completo (78,4%), da raça/cor branca (62,3%), aposentados/pensionistas (55,2%), predomínio de indivíduos com companheiro (58,3%) e classificados economicamente em extrato C (43,9%). Em relação aos medicamentos, 34,8% foram classificados em polifarmácia e 58,8% receberam a medicação pelo sistema público de saúde. Os remédios mais utilizados foram os do grupo do sistema cardiovascular, nervoso, digestivo e metabólico. Conclusão: através deste estudo, foi possível conhecer o perfil medicamentoso de pacientes com hipertensão, o que contribui para o acompanhamento adequado de pacientes da rede básica de assistência à saúde.
Unusual foreign bodies in the oesophagus
Authors: Van Gelderen W. F.C. , Cheng K. S.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Ultrasound and guided fine needle aspiration cytology in the submandibular triangle
Authors: Ahuja A. T. , Yang W. T. , King W. , Metreweli C.
Published: August 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether High Resolution Ultrasound (US) along with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) can provide the surgeon with adequate preoperative information for masses in the submandibular triangle.Subjects and methods: Eighty-two consecutive patients with suspected masses of the submandibular triangle had US with guided FNAC (49 patients) and final histological correlation (47 patients).Results: Compared to final histology, US had a sensitivity of 97%, specificity 83%, positive predictive value 91% and a negative predictive value of 95% while FNAC had sensitivity of 100%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value 94% and negative predictive value of 100%.Conclusion: US combined with a FNAC is an ideal initial investigation for evaluating masses in submandibular area.  It is quick, inexpensive, easily available, and provides the surgeon with relevant information preoperatively obviating the need for further expensive imaging.
Intracranial air from an extra cranial aetiology: A further unusual case
Authors: Emby D. J.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Disappearing breast cysts
Authors: Movson I. , Corr P.
Published: August 2019

The natural history of simple breast cysts is illustrated by our patient with multiple palpable cysts which disappeared completely over a six month period. Interval mammography is all that is required in these patients.
A mini review of paragangliomas with presentation of two cases
Authors: Kader E.
Published: August 2019

Paragangliomas are rare tumours of the paraganglion system, which may, in approximately 80% of cases, be hormonally active with potentially lethal consequences. In this mini review, the classification, pathology, pathophysiology and clinical management are described. An attempt is also made to evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used diagnostic imaging modalities, viz. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT) and radionuclide scintigraphy. Paragangliomas are divided into four anatomical classes:1. Paragangliomas arising from the adrenal medulla2. Aortico-sympathetic paragangliomas3. Parasympathetic and visceroautonomic paragangliomas4. Paragangliomas not otherwise specified. They occur sporadically or in families, and have recognised associations with other diseases. The majority are benign. Ninety percent of tumours are adrenal and 1O% are extra-adrenal. Patients commonly present with hypertension or paroxysmal crises and the laboratory diagnosis hinges on the demonstration of elevated catecholamine levels. Initial management involves stabilisation with alpha-blockade followed by preoperative tumour localisation.MRI has similar accuracy to CT in diagnosis of adrenal tumours. MRI surpasses metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scanning in detecting adrenal disease and non-functional paragangliomas. MIBG has greater sensitivity and specificity than MRI in the detection of extra-adrenal tumours, although both are superior to CT. MRI is currently the investigation of choice, with MIBG being used in cases of disease recurrence, metastases or equivocal MRI. Surgical cure is possible in up to 85% of cases. The recurrence rate is between 5 and 10%, with a 5 year survival rate of 80 to 95%.
Development of two-stage multi-anvil apparatus for low-temperature measurements
Authors: Ishigaki K. , Gouchi J. , Nagasaki S. , Cheng J. G. , Uwatoko Y.
Published: August 2019

The two-stage 6-8 multi-anvil (MA8) apparatus is an important large-volume, high-pressure technique that has been widely used in the high pressure mineralogy and material synthesis, mainly at room temperature or above. Recently, we have successfully developed a two-stage MA8 apparatus for low-temperature physical property measurements. The first-stage anvils at top and bottom sides are fabricated as a single piece in order to reduce the total size of the cylindrical module, which is put in a top-loading high pressure cryostat and compressed by a 1000 ton hydraulic press. A castable, split octahedral gasket with integrated fin was specifically designed in order to introduce the electrical leads from the inside sample container filled with a liquid pressure transmitting medium. By using tungsten carbide (WC) second-stage cubes with a truncated edge length of 3 mm and an octahedral gasket with an edge length of 6 mm, we have successfully generated pressure over 20 GPa at room temperature. Since the high pressure limit can be pushed to nearly 100 GPa by using the sintered diamond second-stage cubes, our MA8 apparatus has a great potential to expand the current pressure capacity for precise low-temperature measurements with a large sample volume.

Edited by: A. Goñi, A. Cantarero, J. S. Reparaz
A pesquisa Científica que Critica a Publicidade Estereotipada: uma busca histórica nas publicações em marketing e publicidade (1971-2018)
Authors: Bevilacqua Solon , Medeiros Cintia Rodrigues de Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Este artigo fornece uma revisão abrangente e sistemática da literatura crítica da publicidade comercial. Foi realizado um estudo bibliométrico, a fim de mapear a temática pensamento crítico na grande área da publicidade comercial e marketing`. As bases consultadas - ‘Periódicos Capes’, `Google Scholar’, ‘Scopus’ e ‘Direct Science’- indicaram que há disseminação do pensamento crítico no campo da publicidade comercial,  janela entre os anos 1971 e 2018.   Constatou-se que há publicações críticas em periódicos prestigiados nas áreas de marketing e publicidade; há presença expressiva de pesquisadores realizando estudos relacionados a este campo de estudo e o tema se apresenta oportuno (o interesse é crescente entre os pesquisadores). Conclui-se sugerindo uma agenda de pesquisas futuras que investiguem outras bases de dados e pensamento em outras áreas da comunicação.
Retrieval of the vertical profile of the cloud effective radius from the
Chinese FY-4 next-generation geostationary satellite
Authors: Chen Yilun , Chen Guangcan , Cui Chunguang , Zhang Aoqi , Wan Rong , Zhou Shengnan , Wang Dongyong , Fu Yunfei
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The vertical profile of the cloud effective radius (Re) reflects the precipitation-forming process. Based on observations from the first of the Chinese next-generation geostationary meteorological satellites (FY-4A), we established a new method for objectively obtaining the vertical temperature vs Re profile. Re was calculated using a bi-spectrum lookup table and cloud clusters were objectively identified using the maximum temperature gradient method. The Re profile in a certain cloud was then obtained by combining these two sets of data. Compared with the conventional method used to obtain the Re profile from the subjective division of a region, objective cloud cluster identification establishes a unified standard, increases the credibility of the Re profile and facilitates the comparison of different Re profiles. To investigate its performance, we selected a heavy precipitation event from the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment in summer 2018. The results showed that the method successfully identified and tracked the cloud cluster. The Re profile showed completely different morphologies in different life stages of the cloud cluster, which is important in the characterization of the formation of precipitation and the temporal evolution of microphysical processes.
High-resolution vertical total electron content maps based on multi-scale B-spline representations
Authors: Goss Andreas , Schmidt Michael , Erdogan Eren , Görres Barbara , Seitz Florian
Published: August 2019

Abstract. For more than 2 decades the IGS (International GNSS Service) ionosphere associated analysis centers (IAACs) have provided global maps of the vertical total electron content (VTEC). In general, the representation of a 2-D or 3-D function can be performed by means of a series expansion or by using a discretization technique. While in the latter case, pixels or voxels are usually chosen
for a spherical function such as VTEC, for a series expansion spherical harmonics (SH) are primarily used as basis functions. The selection of the best suited approach for ionosphere modeling means a trade-off between the distribution of available data and their possibility of representing ionospheric variations with high resolution and high accuracy. Most of the IAACs generate global ionosphere maps (GIMs) based on SH expansions up to the spectral degree n=15 and provide them with a spatial resolution of 2.5∘×5∘ with respect to the latitudinal and longitudinal directions, respectively, and a temporal sampling interval of 2 h. In recent years, it has frequently been claimed that the spatial resolution of the VTEC GIMs has to be increased to a spatial resolution of 1∘×1∘ and to a temporal sampling interval of about 15 min. Enhancing the grid resolution means an interpolation of VTEC values for intermediate points but with no further information about variations in the signal. n=15 in the SH case, for instance, corresponds to a spatial sampling of 12∘×12∘. Consequently, increasing the grid resolution concurrently requires an extension of the spectral content, i.e., to choose a higher SH degree value than 15. Unlike most of the IAACs, the VTEC modeling approach at Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut der Technischen Universität München (DGFI-TUM) is based on localizing basis functions, namely tensor products of polynomial and trigonometric B-splines. In this way, not only can data gaps be handled appropriately and sparse normal equation systems be established for the parameter estimation procedure, a multi-scale representation (MSR) can also be set up to determine GIMs of different spectral content directly, by applying the so-called pyramid algorithm, and to perform highly effective data compression techniques. The estimation of the MSR model parameters is finally performed by a Kalman filter driven by near real-time (NRT) GNSS data. Within this paper, we realize the MSR and create multi-scale products based on B-spline scaling, wavelet coefficients and VTEC grid values. We compare these products with different final and rapid products from the IAACs, e.g., the SH model from CODE (Berne) and the voxel solution from UPC (Barcelona). In contrast to the abovementioned products, DGFI-TUM's products are based solely on NRT GNSS observations and ultra-rapid orbits. Nevertheless, we can conclude that the DGFI-TUM's high-resolution product (“othg”) outperforms all products used within the selected time span of investigation, namely September 2017.
Enhancement of large-scale flood risk assessments using building-material-based vulnerability curves for an object-based approach in urban and rural areas
Authors: Englhardt Johanna , de Moel Hans , Huyck Charles K. , de Ruiter Marleen C. , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H. , Ward Philip J.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In this study, we developed an enhanced approach for
large-scale flood damage and risk assessments that uses characteristics of
buildings and the built environment as object-based information to represent
exposure and vulnerability to flooding. Most current large-scale assessments
use an aggregated land-use category to represent the exposure, treating all
exposed elements the same. For large areas where previously only coarse
information existed such as in Africa, more detailed exposure data are
becoming available. For our approach, a direct relation between the
construction type and building material of the exposed elements is used to
develop vulnerability curves. We further present a method to differentiate
flood risk in urban and rural areas based on characteristics of the built
environment. We applied the model to Ethiopia and found that rural flood
risk accounts for about 22 % of simulated damage; rural damage is
generally neglected in the typical land-use-based damage models, particularly at this scale. Our approach is particularly interesting for studies in areas
where there is a large variation in construction types in the building
stock, such as developing countries.
Discovering Pathways for Eliminating NEET and Youth Future Type of Poverty
Authors: Buheji Mohamed
Published: August 2019

When youth and NEET are mentioned together you do not only remember ‘youth not in employment, not in education, or not in training’, but it would also evoke your mind that it is a new type of poverty. Therefore, this paper explores the different possibilities and alternatives of dealing with NEET youth cases either before, or during, or after NEET issues occur and how to keep them away from filling into the new poverty trap.The paper reviews the International Inspiration Economy Project (IIEP) approaches in eliminating possibilities of poverty in relevance to NEET youth. Forty case projects are presented and categorised into three types of ‘intrinsic capacity’ practices that could be established to prevent or treat NEET youth. The framework proposes creating a new wave of thinking on the management of NEET to avoid a sophisticated type of poverty. The common thread of all solutions proposed is the optimisation of ‘visualisation techniques’ which could be established in the life of youth and used to raise their capacity towards eliminating the possibilities of falling into any type of poverty.
Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination Level (Mercury, Lead, Cadmium) in Fishery Products Exported From Senegal
Authors: DIOUF Abdoulaye , FALL Jean , DIOUF Abdou Samath , NDOUR Mame Mor , NDONG Diegane
Published: August 2019

Domestic, hospital and industrial wastes are major generators of heavy metals. These wastes added to those found in nature pollute the aquatic environment through the discharge. Heavy metals are toxic to living organisms. They accumulate in these beings. Humans get intoxicated by ingesting fish species contaminated by heavy metals. To evaluate the risk of intoxication of humans, it is proposed to determine the mercury, lead and cadmium content of fish and shellfish processed in Senegal. The contamination level of mercury content is determined by the DMA 80. The lead and cadmium content in the species is made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results obtained show that among the metals measured, lead has the highest content in all species. This is due to its abundance in the waste. Lead is more concentrated in species that live on the bottom. Large species concentrate high levels of mercury due to accumulation and biomagnification. Cadmium is the most concentrated in invertebrates, most of whose consumption consists of plants. The levels of all heavy metals measured in species do not exceed national and international standards. But as metals accumulate, monitoring is needed to limit poisoning.
‘Embu’ Wh- questions in Cypriot Greek: A comparative study
Authors: Kanikli Antri , Tsoulas George
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a novel syntactic analysis for embu Wh- questions in Cypriot Greek; a Wh- question variant which is similar to the est-ce que interrogatives in French and the é que interrogatives in European Portuguese. The paper examines properties of the embu questions which have not been addressed in the literature and investigates the asymmetries these interrogatives are assumed to display. Adopting a Split-CP analysis, we argue that embu is a Wh- head; an analysis which accounts for the examined syntactic and semantic properties of these questions. Given the similarities of these structures to the é que interrogatives in European Portuguese and the est-ce que interrogatives in French, the paper reviews the disagreements in the literature with regards to the analysis of these Wh- questions and explores whether the analysis that is proposed for embu questions could accommodate these data as well.
Shaking table tests of typical B-ultrasound model hospital room in a simulation of the Lushan earthquake
Authors: Wang Duozhi , Dai Junwu , Ning Xiaoqing
Published: August 2019

Earthquakes have again highlighted the vulnerability of China’s health facilities. The current investigation of the seismic status of hospital facilities was conducted after the Lushan MW6.6 earthquake, and both structural and nonstructural damage are listed. Structural and nonstructural damage of four typical hospitals and clinics are discussed here. Structural damage is here described alongside damage to architectural elements, equipment, and furnishings caused by earthquakes. This investigation indicated that the hospital facilities can lose partial or full functionality due to nonstructural damage or even limited structural damage. Although none of the objects inside were knocked over and only a few decorations fell down, many sets of equipment were severely damaged because of the strong floor vibration. This resulted in great economic losses and delays in rescue operations after the earthquake. Shaking table tests on a full scale model of a B-ultrasound room were conducted to investigate the seismic performance of a typical room in a hospital. The tests results showed that the acceleration responses of the building contents with or without trundles demonstrated different behaviour. Without trundles, the peak acceleration and the peak displacement of building contents first increased with increasing PGA and then decreased when the acceleration exceeded a particular value. Then they both changed a little. Because of the rapid turning trundles, the response of building contents increased only slightly as PGA increased, or even decreased or remained roughly steady.
Out-of-plane seismic performance of plasterboard partition walls via quasi-static tests
Authors: Petrone Crescenzo , Magliulo Gennaro , Lopez Pauline , Manfredi Gaetano
Published: August 2019

Internal partitions, as many nonstructural components, should be subjected to a careful and rational seismic design, as is done for structural elements. A quasi-static test campaign aimed at the evaluation of the out-of-plane seismic performance of Siniat plasterboard internal partitions with steel studs was conducted according to FEMA 461 testing protocol. Four tall, i.e. 5 m high, specimens were selected from the range of internal partitions developed in Europe by Siniat, a leading supplier of plasterboard components in Europe.

Under the specified testing protocol, a significant nonlinear pinched behaviour of the tested specimen was observed. The pinched behaviour was caused by the damage in the screwed connections, whose cyclic behaviour was strongly degrading. Both stiffness and strength of the specimens are significantly influenced by the board typology and the amount of screwed connections. Finally, it was concluded that Eurocodes significantly underestimate the resisting bending moment of the tested specimens.
Seismic rehabilitation objectives and a simplified seismic evaluation and design programme for medical equipment in hospitals
Authors: Chai Juin-Fu , Chien Tzu-Chieh , Lin Fan-Ru , Lin Zen-Yu , Wang Jian-Xiang , Hwang Jenn-Shin
Published: August 2019

From the experience gained from recent earthquakes, it has been recognized that the earthquake resisting capacity of so-called responsibility hospitals for acute services in Taiwan should be upgraded. These hospitals, which have been tasked with the provision of emergency services after major earthquakes, should remain functional with regard to their structures, medical facilities, electricity and water supply, and information services. In order to facilitate the issuing of governmental policies and practical engineering services regarding the seismic upgrading of hospitals, the objective of this paper is to determine the seismic rehabilitation objectives of essential medical equipment and non-structural components in responsibility hospitals, and further, to propose seismic evaluation and strengthening guidelines. Owing to the onerous work required to improve the seismic performance of various nonstructural components, a simplified programme is established using Microsoft Excel software to execute a preliminary seismic evaluation and retrofit design for individual pieces of medical equipment. Users are asked to fill in blanks with hospital information and the parameters of selected equipment and then the programme identifies the performance objective of each piece of equipment. It also determines whether the equipment should be retrofitted or not. In addition, preliminary designs of post-installation anchor bolts for seismic retrofitting against specified seismic demands can be checked automatically by the programme.
Assessment of damage to the ceilings and sprinkler downpipes of an industrial plant from the 2012 7.6Mw Sámara earthquake in Costa Rica
Authors: Roldán Ricardo , González Alfredo
Published: August 2019

This paper presents field observations on the performance of ceilings and sprinkler downpipes in a manufacturing facility 30 km west of San José, Costa Rica, during the Mw 7.6 Sámara earthquake on September 5th, 2012. The ground motion intensity was MM VI at the site and IX near the epicentre, 137 km away. The structure is a typical single-storey industrial steel gable frame with a combination of braces and portal frames in the short spans, and houses injection moulding, laboratories, clean rooms, a warehouse and office facilities. There was no structural damage observed and the production facilities were operational immediately after the event, while the office area and cafeteria required repairs due to fallen ceiling tiles. Focus is on performance of the ceilings and the sprinklers downpipes in the office and cafeteria area, and the damage inflicted by sprinkler heads on ceiling tiles. It was observed that the lateral restraints used in pipe and ceiling bracing did not prevent some sprinkler heads boring into the ceilings and enlarging the original circular perforation. The enlargement was several centimetres long and it was observed in clusters rather than isolated cases. One sprinkler drop broke at the upper thread causing water damage to the cafeteria ceiling. A large proportion of the perimeter ceiling tiles and tees in the open-plan office area fell down, while little damage was observed in smaller rooms. The drawings called for closely-spaced bi-directional “V” bracing of the Tee grid with galvanised wire, but these were found during the survey to be much further apart with most hangers being fairly vertical. A comparison between as-drawn, as-built and state-of-the-art code details is undertaken, and the observed damage is compared with expected damage using state-of-the-art fragility curves. Finally, conclusions about possible improvements are made.
Seismic fragility of suspended ceiling systems used in NZ based on component tests
Authors: Dhakal Rajesh P. , MacRae Gregory A. , Pourali Atefeh , Paganotti Giacomo
Published: August 2019

Current standards and guidelines for the design and installation of perimeter-fixed suspended ceilings are briefly reviewed and a summary of common damage in recent earthquakes is provided. Component failure fragility curves have been derived following experiments on typical NZ suspended ceilings, considering loading in tension, compression and shear. A simple method to analyse perimeter-fixed ceilings using peak floor acceleration (PFA) is described, allowing for ceiling system fragility to be obtained from component fragilities. This is illustrated in an example of a 5 storey building. It was found that single rivet end-fixings and cross-tee connections were the most critical elements of the ceilings governing the system capacity. In the design examples it was shown that ceilings at different elevations of the structure showed different probabilities of failure and larger ceiling areas with heavier tiles were most susceptible to damage.
Using failure analysis tools to establish seismic resilience objectives for building components and systems
Authors: Mieler Mike W. , Uma S.R. , Mitrani-Reiser Judith
Published: August 2019

While modern building codes have proven effective at reducing casualties caused by structural collapse following several recent earthquakes, they have been less effective at preventing damage that can lead to loss of functionality, especially in ordinary buildings (e.g., offices, factories, hotels, etc.). Because the performance of these buildings can significantly impact community recovery and resilience, it is imperative that building codes expand their current focus on protecting life safety in rare earthquakes to include provisions and requirements that aim to prevent damage and minimize loss of functionality in more frequent events. Towards this end, this paper presents a conceptual framework that directly connects performance targets for structural and nonstructural components to global resilience objectives for an entire building. The framework uses fault trees, a common failure analysis tool, to: (1) model how damage to or failure of different components and systems within a building can affect overall building functionality, and (2) provide the quantitative underpinnings for deriving consistent performance targets for building components and systems. The paper then presents a demonstration of the proposed framework to study loss of functionality in a generic commercial building and derive a set of consistent performance targets for its structural and nonstructural components. Lastly, the paper discusses potential applications of the proposed framework, including providing risk-consistent foundations for future generations of building codes and engineering standards.
Prediction of fundamental period of regular frame buildings
Authors: Aninthaneni Pavan K. , Dhakal Rajesh P.
Published: August 2019

The most important structural parameter in the estimation of the seismic demand on a building is the natural period of the building’s fundamental/first mode of vibration. There are several existing empirical, analytical, and experimental methods which can be used to estimate the fundamental period of a building. The empirical equations prescribed in the building codes are simple, but they do not consider actual building properties, and are very approximate. On the other hand, analytical methods like Eigenvalue analysis and Rayleigh method are able to consider most of the structural parameters that are known to affect the period of a building. Nevertheless, the analytical methods require considerable effort and expertise; often requiring structural analysis software’s to estimate the fundamental period of a building. In this paper, a generic method is developed to estimate the fundamental period of regular frame buildings and a simple yet reliable equation is proposed. The equation is derived using the basic concept of MacLeod’s method for estimation of roof/top deflection of a frame building, which is modified to more accurately predict the lateral stiffness of moment resisting frames under triangular lateral force distribution typically used in seismic design and analysis of frame buildings. To verify the reliability and versatility of the developed equation, the fundamental periods predicted are compared with the periods obtained from Eigenvalue analysis for a large number of low to medium rise RC frame buildings. The fundamental period predicted using the proposed equation is also verified using the period obtained using the Rayleigh method and measured in experimental tests. Since the proposed equation was found to closely predict the fundamental period, the results are used to study the limitations of the empirical equations prescribed in building codes. The applicability of the proposed equation to predict the fundamental period of low to medium rise frame buildings with minor irregularity is also investigated, and it was found that the proposed equation can be used for slightly irregular frame buildings without inducing any additional error. The proposed equation is simple enough to be implemented into building design codes and can be readily used by practicing engineers in design of new buildings as well as assessment of existing buildings.
Numerical methodology for dynamic analysis of buildings with friction dampers
Authors: Swain Subhransu S. , Patro Sanjaya K. , Sinha Ravi
Published: August 2019

A number of studies on using friction based energy dissipation system for seismic protection of the building have been published in the recent past. The studies show that numerical approximation of the effectiveness of the friction based energy dissipation system depends on the accurate solution of the relevant nonlinear equations of motion. The available numerical models to idealize the behaviour of friction dampers can be categorized into equivalent linearization method, approximation by rigid-perfectly plastic hysteric model and stick-slide condition model. However, it has been observed that the minimum difference in relative velocity or non-identification of exact time of phase transition from stick to slide condition results in a noticeably high fluctuation of relative velocity in the stick-slide model. To identify the exact time for phase transition, this paper presents a numerical methodology for dynamic analysis of buildings with friction damper, leading to improved accuracy of solutions of equations of motion. The mathematical formulation and solution procedure of the proposed methodology has been presented in detail in this paper. The results obtained have been validated with examples from published literature. The response of single degree of freedom (SDOF) system with friction device when subjected to nine different ground motions are presented. The selected ground motion encompasses three ground motions each from soft soil, medium soil and hard soil to evaluate the likely response of the structure under the likely range of expected ground motion characteristics. The spectral variation with reference to pretension force has been investigated and presented. The results indicate that for a particular range of pretension force, beyond a particular stiffness ratio, the reduction in spectral response of the damper added system is independent of frequency of the SDOF system, which shows the robustness of friction devices.
Axial elongation in ductile reinforced concrete walls
Authors: Encina Ericson , Lu Yiqiu , Henry Richard S.
Published: August 2019

Axial elongation has been observed during tests of reinforced concrete (RC) members subjected to either monotonic or cyclic loading. The implications of elongating plastic hinges in beams on the seismic performance of RC frame buildings, and in particular the floor systems, has been extensively studied. However, few investigations have addressed axial elongation of RC walls. To expand on the existing knowledge of axial elongation in RC members, the measured axial elongations of 13 previously tested RC walls were investigated. These tests included a wide range of vertical reinforcement ratios, vertical reinforcement layouts, and axial loads. The procedures to estimate wall elongation that were proposed in the Public Comment Draft Amendment No. 3 of the New Zealand Concrete Structures Standard (NZS 3101:2006) were also evaluated and compared against the measured elongations from the tests. The experimental results showed that elongation magnitudes in the analysed walls were between 0.4-0.8% of the wall length at 1.5% lateral drift, and that the elongation equations proposed for NZS 3101:2006 provided an acceptable estimation of the expected elongation in RC walls. Additionally, numerical models were developed using distributed-plasticity fibre-based elements in OpenSees and membrane elements in VecTor2 to verify the ability of these commonly used modelling techniques to capture wall elongation. The numerical simulations were able to represent the global and local behaviour with good accuracy and both models were able to capture the peak elongations. However, the more sophisticated concrete material models in OpenSees allowed the fibre element models to more accurately represent the experimental wall elongations, especially when considering residual elongations.
Liquefaction vulnerability increase at North New Brighton due to subsidence, sea level rise and reduction in thickness of the non-liquefying layer
Authors: Monk Christopher B. , Van Ballegooy Sjoerd , Hughes Matthew , Villeneuve Marlene
Published: August 2019

The Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES) of 2010 – 2011 caused widespread liquefaction related land damage to the city of Christchurch. This paper addresses the impact the CES had on the eastern Christchurch suburb of North New Brighton with emphasis on the ground condition at the time of the initial 4 September 2010 earthquake, as well as subsidence caused by the CES, and the future potential for increased liquefaction vulnerability due to Sea Level Rise (SLR). Subsidence at North New Brighton accumulated throughout the CES due to a reduction in volume of the soil profile through liquefaction; and overall settlement due to regional tectonic subsidence. The total amount of subsidence caused by the CES at North New Brighton was as much as 1 m in some places and this has changed the relationship between the position of the ground surface and the top of the groundwater table. A reduction in thickness of the non-liquefying layer has been shown to increase the vulnerability of the soil profile to liquefaction related land damage during earthquake events. As a coastal suburb, North New Brighton is vulnerable to the impact of SLR and this paper considers the response of the groundwater table to rising sea level and the influence this will have on the thickness of the non-liquefying layer and liquefaction vulnerability.
Exponentiated Nadarajah Haghighi Poisson Distribution
Authors: Sira KA Diouma , Orwa George Otieno , Ngesa Oscar
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses the Exponentiated Nadarajah-Haghighi Poisson distribution focusing on statistical properties such as the Quantile, Moments, Moment Generating Functions, Order statistics and Entropy. To estimate the parameters of the model, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method is used. To demonstrate the performance of the estimators, a simulation study is carried out. A real data set from Air conditioning system is used to highlight the potential application of the distribution.
Cyfryzacja w budownictwie
Authors: Tryfon-Bojarska Anna , Wińska Ewelina
Published: August 2019

Czwarta rewolucja przemysłowa niesie ze sobą kompleksową transformację cyfrową przedsiębiorstw. Jej dziewięć filarów ma wpływ również na branżę budowlaną. W artykule przedstawiono wpływ, jaki transformacja cyfrowa wywiera na projekty innowacyjne realizowane w branży budowlanej, omówiono przykłady innowacji cyfrowych, jakie stosowane są w cyklu życia projektu deweloperskiego – biurowego oraz opisano na przykładach i studium przypadku, jakie stosowane są modele zarządzania projektami innowacyjnymi.
“It may look like war, but it’s peacekeeping”: a MINUSMA e o Processo de Paz no Mali
Authors: Duarte Geraldine Marcelle Moreira Braga Rosas , Andrade Letícia Carvalho de Souza , Souza Matheus De Abreu Costa , Balestrini Amanda
Published: August 2019

O artigo objetiva analisa o caráter de enforcement da Missão Multidimensional Integrada das Nações Unidas para a Estabilização do Mali (MINUSMA), com foco em discutir criticamente essa nova tendência normativa das Nações Unidas, problematizando as possíveis consequências dessa modalidade de operações de paz para que haja uma resolução permanente do conflito no Mali.
Posfácio - 70 anos das operações de paz das Nações Unidas: balanços e perspectivas
Authors: Duarte Geraldine Marcelle Moreira Braga Rosas , Dos Santos Ricardo Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Posfácio - 70 anos das operações de paz das Nações Unidas: balanços e perspectivas
Improving Efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Matrix Converters
Authors: Dobrucky Branislav , Kascak Slavomir , Prazenica Michal , Jarabicova Miriam
Published: August 2019

The paper deals with a novel enhanced connection of AC/AC powertrain for HEV hybrid vehicles. The substantial contribution of such a connection is the absence of 4QC auxiliary converter needed for autonomous and hybrid operational modes and its compensation by power-lesser 0×5 matrix converter. The main advantages of a simplified connection are beside smaller auxiliary converter sizing and possible better efficiency of the HEV powertrain. So, powertrain operation in autonomous traction accu-battery modes uses direct 0×5 configuration of traction 3×5 MxC matrix converter and in hybrid modes of ICE engine and accu-battery, besides traction 3×5 MxC matrix converter, uses the auxiliary 0×5 matrix converter. Modeling and simulation using Matlab-Simulink environment of traction powertrain configuration in autonomous modes are presented in the paper, as well as all simulation experiment results.
Blocking Characteristics of Photoconductive Switches Based on Semi-Insulating GaP and GaN
Authors: Suproniuk Marek , Piwowarski Karol , Perka Bogdan , Kaminski Pawel , Kozlowski Roman , Teodorczyk Marian
Published: August 2019

This article presents results of research work aimed at manufacturing photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) based on semi-insulating (SI) gallium phosphide (GaP) and gallium nitride (GaN). Currently, the work is in progress to determine the optimal values of PCSS parameters. In this article, the parameters of the selected semiconductor materials used for making PCSSs, the device operation principle, and possible areas of use are presented. The paper demonstrates the construction of test PCSSs based on SI GaP and SI GaN and results of blocking characteristics measurements without the illumination, as well as with illumination with a small photon flux. Further research directions are presented also.
Secure and Efficient Hybrid Random Number Generator Based on Sponge Constructions for Cryptographic Applications
Authors: Yakut Selman , Tuncer Taner , Ozer Ahmet Bedri
Published: August 2019

Random numbers constitute the most important part of many applications and have a vital importance in the security of these applications, especially in cryptography. Therefore, there is a need for secure random numbers to provide their security. This study is concerned with the development of a secure and efficient random number generator that is primarily intended for cryptographic applications. The generator consists of two subsystems. The first is algorithmic structure, Keccak, which is the latest standard for hash functions. The structure provides to generate secure random numbers. The second is additional input that generates with ring oscillators that are implemented on the FPGA. The additional inputs prevent reproduction and prediction of the subsequent random numbers. It is shown that the proposed generator is satisfies security requirements for cryptographic applications. In addition, NIST 800-22 test suite and autocorrelation test are used to demonstrate that generated random numbers have no statistical weaknesses and relationship among itself, respectively. Successful results from these tests show that generated numbers have no statistical weaknesses. Moreover, important advantage of the proposed generator is that it is more efficient than existing RNGs in the literature.
Data Ridden Pilots Based Estimation of Sparse Multipath Massive MIMO Channels Using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit
Authors: Mansoor Babar , Tiwana Moazzam Islam , Nawaz Syed Junaid , Ahmed Abrar , Haseeb Abdul , Ikram Ataul Aziz
Published: August 2019

Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is envisioned to be a strong candidate technology for the upcoming 5th generation (5G) of wireless communication networks. This research work presents a novel Compressed Sensing (CS) and Superimposed Training (SiT) based technique for estimating the sparse uplink channels in massive MIMO systems. The proposed technique involves arithmetic addition of a periodic, but low powered training sequence with each user’s information sequence. Consequently, separately dedicated resources for the pilot symbols are not needed. Moreover, to attain the estimates of the Channel State Information (CSI) in the uplink, the sparsity exhibited by the MIMO channels is exploited by incorporating CS based Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm. For decoding the transmitted information symbols of each user, a Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) based equalizer is incorporated at the receiving Base Station (BS). Based on the obtained simulation results, the proposed SiT-OMP technique outperforms the existing Least Squares (SiT) channel estimation technique. The comparison is done using performance metrics of the Bit Error Rate (BER) and the Normalized Channel Mean Square Error (NCMSE).
Lost in Transportation: Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Kidney Biopsy Specimens Fixed in Michel Medium May Disappear
Authors: Cassol Clarissa A. , Braga Juarez R. , Hartage Ramon , Satoskar Anjali A. , Nadasdy Tibor , Brodsky Sergey V.
Published: August 2019

Context.—

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposits in a kidney biopsy specimen can be seen in acute or chronic kidney injury and in oxalate nephropathy. Although no established cutoff criteria to diagnose oxalate nephropathy versus incidental CaOx deposition in the kidney exist, these conditions require different treatment. We noticed a significant decrease in the number of CaOx deposits in the kidney biopsy cores that were fixed in Michel transport medium (MTM) as compared to their counterparts fixed in formalin.

Objective.—

To investigate the impact of different fixatives on the number of CaOx deposits in kidney biopsy specimens.

Design.—

Retrospective search for kidney biopsies with diagnosis of CaOx deposition was performed in our Renal Pathology Database between January 1, 2015 and October 15, 2018.

Results.—

Seventy-six biopsies with an increased number of CaOx deposits were identified. CaOx deposits were counted on slides from the frozen tissue (MTM fixed or fresh frozen) and from the formalin-fixed cores. The density of CaOx deposits was significantly higher in formalin-fixed cores (13.6 ± 10.0/cm) than in MTM-fixed cores (3.2 ± 5.1/cm; P < .001). CaOx density in the kidney biopsy specimens decreased progressively with increased fixation time in MTM. No significant differences in the CaOx density between formalin-fixed and fresh frozen tissue were observed.

Conclusions.—

Our data demonstrate that fixation in MTM may result in a significant reduction in the number of CaOx deposits in a kidney biopsy specimen. This may make the diagnosis difficult, especially in small biopsy specimens with limited tissue in the formalin-fixed paraffin block.