bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MRI Screening of Lungs in the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Stages of Medical Care as a Tool to Reduce the Total Collective Dose of Radiation to the Population
Authors: Korobov A. V. , Nudnov N. V. , Popov A. Yu. , Kul’neva T. V. , Babenko V. V. , Pron’kina E. V.
Published: March 2021

Objective: to evaluate the role and place of MRI lung screening in the detection of pneumonia and patient routing.

Material and methods. 500 MRI tests were performed in the period from November 1, 2020 to December 15, 2020 on the basis of more than 20 diagnostic centers of the federal MRI-Expert network. Two groups were identified. In Group 1 (control, n = 50) MRI studies were compared with CT studies in a single time interval of 0–2 days; 25 patients had a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and 25 patients were conditionally healthy. In Group 2 (effective, n = 450) mediastinal MRI was performed with lung screening on Philips 1.5 T and Siemens 1.5 T devices. The statistical analysis of the medical data base was performed.

Results. During the study, mandatory and additional MRI scanning programs were identified: for Philips 1.5 T tomograph, the mandatory programs are sSSh_fb: tra and cor; THRIVE: tra (inhale/exhale); for Siemens 1.5 T – T2_BLADE: cor, tra, sag. When comparing the visual data of the control group (n = 25) with a positive PCR test in a single time interval of 0–2 days, the fact of detecting MR changes coincided with CT changes in 76% of cases (n = 19). The group of patients were examined by only one method – MRI-screening of the lungs (n = 475), pathological changes in the lungs were detected in 44% (n = 209). Localizations of the pathological changes were as follows: bilateral changes – 70.3% (n = 147), right-side changes – 19.6% (n = 41), left-side changes – 10% (n = 21); lower parts 26.8% (n = 26), average departments – 10% (n = 21), the upper divisions – 14.8% (n = 31), mid-lower 29.6% (n = 62), total – 18.6% (n = 39). The ranges of the area of lesion of the pulmonary parenchyma on MRI were graded according to MRI criteria into 4 groups (< 25%, 25 – 50%, 50 – 75%, > 75%). The collective radiation dose decrease was calculated for a group of patients (n = 450), which averaged 2.025 man-Sv for 1.5 months, of which 0.077 man-Sv were control studies.

Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, the analyses of the possibilities of the MRI method in displaying pulmonary changes was performed. The method of MRI screening of the lungs is recognized as a possible alternative to computed tomography for dynamic monitoring in conditions of a shortage of CT records or the inability to perform it, and as a tool to reduce the collective effective dose of radiation to the population.
Pulmonary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Usacheva A. Yu. , Silanteva N. K. , Petrosian A. P. , Usachev V. S. , Sidorin A. V. , Ivanov S. A.
Published: March 2021

Mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the lung, which is accompanied by extremely scarce and nonspecific symptoms. This leads to an increase in the timing of its recognition, especially in young women. Given the poor prognosis of the pathlogy, the problem of its early diagnosis with histological and immuno-histochemical studies is extremely urgent. The presented clinical case demonstrates the possibilities of computed tomography with intravenous contrast enhancement in a young woman for the diagnosis of mucinous lung adenocarcinoma.
The Culture of Farming by Farmers in the Production Forest Management Unit (KPHP) of Batulanteh, Sumbawa Regency
Authors: Diniyati Dian , Achmad Budiman
Published: March 2021

Farming is the main livelihood of farmers in Sumbawa which is culturally heritated in their live. The purpose of this study is to describe the culture of farming carried out by farmers so that the development policy making can be more directed. This activity was carried out in the Sumbawa Batulanteh KPHP area in August and October 2016. Data were collected through open interviews with 34 respondents living in the area and 34 respondents living outside the area, while the collected data was analyzed descriptively. The total area of arable land by farmers living in the area was 1 hectare per head of household (hh), while those living outside the area were 1.75 hectare / hh. The results of the study showed that farming activities were carried out on arable land and on private land. The longest distance of arable land to the location of residence was 3 km. Agroforestry patterns were chosen by farmers to meet economic and environmental goals. Farmers were not only trying to meet their daily consumption needs, but also their investment needs. Farming activities were influenced by the season, where during the rainy season the activities were planting, whereas during the dry season the activities were only in the form of land preparation. Farmer culture in clearing land was by chopping and burning because it was cheaper and easier, while at harvest time, the waste was returned to the field as compost to fertilize the soil.
Pro-Inflammatory Interlekin-33 Induces Dichotomic Effects on Cell Proliferation in Normal Gastric Epithelium and Gastric Cancer
Authors: Pisani Laura Francesca , Tontini Gianeugenio , Gentile Carmine , Marinoni Beatrice , Teani Isabella , Nandi Nicoletta , Creo Pasquale , Asti Emanuele , Bonavina Luigi , Vecchi Maurizio , Pastorelli Luca
Published: March 2021

Background: Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines which has been linked to the development of inflammatory conditions and cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. This study is designed to investigate whether IL-33 has direct effect on human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) and on human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) and gastric carcinoma cell line (NCI-N87), assessing its role in regulation of cell proliferation and cell cycle, apoptosis and necrosis. Cell cycle regulation was also determined in ex vivo gastric cancer samples obtained during endoscopy and surgical procedures. Methods: cell lines and tissue samples underwent stimulation with rhIL-33. Proliferation was assessed by XTT and CFSE assay, we also evaluated apoptosis by Caspase 3/8 Activity assay and Annexin V assays. Cell cycle were analyzed by means of Propidium Iodine assay and gene expression regulation was assessed by RT-PCR Profiling. Results: we found that IL-33 has an antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on cancer cell line, while it can stimulate proliferation and reduce apoptosis in normal epithelial cell line. These effects are also confirmed by the analysis of cell cycle gene expression which showed a reduced expression of proproliferative genes in cancer cells, in particular genes involved in G0/G1 and G2/M checkpoint. These results are confirmed by the gene expression analysis on surgical and bioptic specimens. Conclusions: the aforementioned results indicate that IL-33 may be involved in cell proliferation in an environment- and cell type-dependent fashion.
Critical Tectonic Limits for Geothermal Aquifer Use: Case Study from the East Slovakian Basin Rim
Authors: Jacko Stanislav , Farkovšký Roman , Ďuriška Igor , Ščerbáková Barbora , Bátorová Kristina
Published: March 2021

The Pannonian basin major heat system in Central Europe. Their peripheral basins like the East Slovakian basin is a example of a geothermal structure with a linear directed heat flow ranging from 90 to 100 mW /m2 from west to east. However, the use of the geothermal source is limited by several critical tectono-geologic factors: (a) tectonics, and the associated disintegration of the aquifer block by multiple deformations during the pre-Paleogene mainly Miocene period. The main discontinuities of NW-SE and N-S direction negatively affect the permeability of the environment. On the contrary, for utilization are important the secondary minor NE-SW dilatation open fractures which have developed by sinistral transtension on N–S faults and accelerated normal movements to the southeast in the present. (b) hydrogeological conditions, the geothermal structure accommodated three water types, namely Na-HCO3 with 10.9 g.l-1 mineralization (in the north), the Ca-Mg-HCO3 with 0.5 – 4.5 g.l-1 mineralization (in the west), and Na-Cl water type containing 26.8-33.4 g.l-1 (in the southwest) mineralization. The chemical composition is influenced by the Middle Triassic dolomites aquifer as well as by infiltration of saline solutions and meteoric waters along open fractures/faults. (c) geothermally anomalous heat 123 – 129 °C close to volcanic chain with 170 l/s total flow seems to be the perspective for heat production.
Distribution of Insect in Protected Forest Area in Ambon City
Authors: latumahina fransina
Published: March 2021

Insects are the dominant group of organisms and act as indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem health, and landscape degradation. The research objective was to determine the spread of insects in the Mount Nona Ambon Protected Forest. The research was conduct in January - March 2020 using Pitfall traps, light traps, Sweep nets, Bait traps, namely detergent, sugar solution and tuna fish. The research was carried out in 2 ha as many as five lanes with a systematic inventory sampling method where the length of the line was 100 meters, 20 m wide and 20 m spacing between lanes. The analysis use descriptively quantitative by calculating the Diversity Index (H ') of Shannon Winner, Abundance Index (K), Dominance Index (C) and Evenness Index. The results of the study found 4063 individuals, 13 species in five orders. The Hymenoptera order dominated the spread of insects in the protected forest of Mount Nona, the Formicidae family with the smallest number of 12 individuals, namely Isodontia auripes from the order Hymenoptera family Sphecidae, and the largest number of them was Anoplolepis gracilipes with 401 individuals from the order Hymenoptera family Formicidae. The difference in insects' spread in the observation path is thought to be caused by differences in microclimate, altitude, vegetation cover, insect movement, light intensity and food availability.
Biophysical Accounting of Forests’ Value Under Different Management Regimes: Conservation vs Exploitation
Authors: Vassallo Paolo , Turcato Claudia , Ilaria Rigo , Scopesi Claudia , Costa Andrea , Barcella Matteo , Dapueto Giulia , Mariotti Mauro , Paoli Chiara
Published: March 2021

Forest ecosystems are important providers of ecosystem functions and services belonging to four categories: supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services. Forest management, generally focused on timber production, has consequences on the ability of the system to keep providing services. Silviculture, in fact, may affect ecological structures and processes from which services arise. In particular, the removal of biomass causes a radical change in the stocks and flows of energy characterizing the system. Aiming at the assessment of differences in stored natural capital and ecosystem functions and services provision, three differently managed temperate forests of common beech (Fagus sylvatica) were considered: (1) a forest in semi-natural condition, (2) a forest carefully managed to get timber in a sustainable way and (3) a forest exploited without management. Natural capital and ecosystem functions and services are here accounted in biophysical terms. Specifically, all the resources used up to create the biomass (stock) and maintain the production (flow) of the different components of the forest system were calculated. Both stored emergy and empower decrease at increasing human pressure on the forest, resulting in a loss of natural capital and a diminished ability of the natural system to contribute to human well-being in terms of ecosystem services provision.
Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel Germline Variants of SLC15A4 Gene as Potentially Cancer Predisposing in Familial Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Skopelitou Diamanto , Srivastava Aayushi , Miao Beiping , Kumar Abhishek , Dymerska Dagmara , Paramasivam Nagarajan , Schlesner Matthias , Lubiński Jan , Hemminki Kari , Försti Asta , Bandapalli Obul Reddy
Published: March 2021

About 15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have first-degree relatives affected by the same malignancy. However, for most families the cause of familial aggregation of CRC is unknown. In order to identify novel high-to-moderate penetrant germline variants underlying CRC susceptibility, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on four CRC cases and two unaffected family members of a Polish family without any mutation in known CRC predisposition genes. After WES, we used our in-house developed Familial Cancer Variant Prioritization Pipeline and identified two novel variants in the solute carrier family 15 member 4 (SLC15A4) gene. The heterozygous missense variant, p. Y444C, was predicted to affect the phylogenetically conserved PTR2/POT domain and to have a deleterious effect on the function of the encoded peptide/histidine transporter. The other variant was located in the upstream region of the same gene (GRCh37.p13, 12_129308531_C_T; 43bp upstream of transcription start site, ENST00000266771.5) and it was annotated to affect the promoter region of SLC15A4 as well as binding sites of 17 different transcription factors. Our findings of two distinct variants in the same gene may indicate a synergistic up-regulation of SLC15A4 as the underlying genetic cause and implicate this gene for the first time in genetic inheritance of familial CRC.
Potent Antiviral Activity Against HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 by Antimicrobial Peptoids
Authors: Diamond Gill , Molchanova Natalia , Herlan Claudine , Fortkort John A. , Lin Jennifer S. , Figgins Erika , Bopp Nathan , Ryan Lisa K. , Chung Donghoon , Adcock Robert Scott , Sherman Michael , Barron Annelise E.
Published: March 2021

Viral infections, such as those caused by Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and SARS-CoV-2, affect millions of people each year. However, there are few antiviral drugs that can effectively treat these infections. The standard approach in the development of antiviral drugs involves the identification of a unique viral target, followed by the design of an agent that addresses that target. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a novel source of potential antiviral drugs. AMPs have been shown to inactivate numerous different enveloped viruses through the disruption of their viral envelopes. However, the clinical development of AMPs as antimicrobial therapeutics has been hampered by a number of factors, especially their structure as peptides. We have examined the antiviral potential of peptoid mimics of AMPs (sequence-specific N-substituted glycine oligomers). These peptoids have the distinct advantage of being insensitive to proteases, and also exhibit increased bioavailability and stability. Our results demonstrate that several peptoids exhibit potent in vitro antiviral activity against both HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 when incubated prior to infection. Visualization by cryo-EM shows viral envelope disruption similar to what has been observed with AMP activity against other viruses. This suggests a common or biomimetic mechanism, possibly due to the differences between the phospholipid head group makeup of viral envelopes and host cell membranes. Furthermore, we observed no cytotoxicity against primary cultures of oral epithelial cells, thus underscoring the potential of this class of molecules as safe and effective broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
Current Status, Scenario, and Prospective of Renewable Energy in Algeria: A Review
Authors: Zahraoui Younes , Basir Khan M. Reyasudin , Al Hamrouni Ibrahim , Mekhilef Saad , Ahmed Mahrous
Published: March 2021

Energy demand has been overgrowing in developing countries. Moreover, the fluctuation of fuel prices is a primary concern faced by many countries that highly rely on conventional power generation to meet the load demand. Hence, the need to use alternative resources such as renewable energy is crucial to mitigate fossil fuel dependency alongside the reduction of Carbon Dioxide emission. Algeria’s being the largest county in Africa has rapid growth in energy demand since the past decade due to the significant increase of residential, commercial, and industry sectors. Currently, the hydrocarbon-rich nation highly dependent on fossil fuels for electricity generation, where renewable energy only has a small contribution to the country’s energy mix. However, the country has massive potential for renewable energy generations such as solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and hydropower. Therefore, the government aims to diversify away from fossil fuel and promoting renewable energy generations through policies and renewable energy-related programs. The country’s Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Development Plan focuses on large scale solar, wind generation as well as geothermal and biomass technologies. This paper provides an update on the current energy position and renewable energy status in Algeria. Moreover, this paper discusses RE policies and programs that aim to increase the country’s renewable energy generation and its implementation status.
A New Method of Diatomaceous Earth Fractionation - A Bio-Raw Material Source for Epoxy-Based Composites
Authors: Dobrosielska Marta , Dobrucka Renata , Gloc Michał , Brząkalski Dariusz , Szymanski Marcin , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof Jan , Przekop Robert E.
Published: March 2021

The authors of this paper use an original method of diatomaceous earth fractionation, which allows for obtaining a filler with a specific particle size distribution. The method makes it possible to separate small, disintegrated and broken diatom frustules from those which maintained their original form in diatomaceous earth. The study covers a range of tests conducted to prove that such a separated diatomic fraction shows features different from the base diatomite used as an epoxy resin filler. We have examined mechanical properties of a series of diatomite/resin composites considering the weight fraction of diatoms and the parameters of the composite production process. The studied composites of Epidian 601 epoxy resin cross-linked with amine-based curing agent Z-1 contained 0 to 70% vol. of diatoms or diatomaceous earth. Samples were produced by casting into silicone moulds in vacuum degassing conditions and, alternatively, without degassing. The results have shown that the size and morphology of the filler based on diatomaceous earth affects mechanical and rheological properties of systems based on epoxy resin.
Examining the Impact of Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors on the Level of Employee Preparedness for a Disaster Caused by Fires: A Case Study of Electrical Power Distribution in Serbia
Authors: Cvetković Vladimir M. , Marković Kristina
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the results of quantitative research regarding the examination of the levels of efficiency of the fire protection system and the training of employees in Electrical power distribution of Serbia for fire protection, ie the analysis of the manner of implementation of fire protection measures, and determining whether these measures are adequately applied. Following the subject set in this way, the aim of the research was set, and that is the scientific analysis of the manner of application of fire protection measures. The results of this research showed that the employees of Electro distribution Belgrade perceive the preparedness of their company highly positively and certain socio-demographic characteristics also affect certain attitudes, especially those related to the experience with fire, the knowledge of employees to react in case of fire, and the choice of the appropriate response, assessment of the readiness of the company and the employees themselves. It was found that knowledge of how to react in case of fire is influenced by gender and level of education; the choice of one of the methods of action in case of fire is influenced by gender; the assessment of the readiness of the employees themselves is influenced by the marital status; the desire of employees to participate in training to increase their preparedness for fires is influenced by gender. The results of the research can be used to improve the preparedness of employees in various organizations to respond to disasters caused by fires.
Incidence of Phlebitis Following the Use of Peripheral IV Line at X Hospital
Authors: Sijabat Margareta , Nduru Sisilia Desiana , Monaretha B Ayu , Sitanggang Yenni Ferawati , Hutasoit Elissa Oktoviani
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Intravenous (IV) line infusion therapy is a therapy given to patients who are admitted or having a specific therapy. The IV-line therapy may include fluid therapy, medication administration and blood therapy. Based on the data found in Hospital X, there were 30 incidence of phlebitis in 2017. This study aimed to describe the factors of phlebitis incidence in X hospital. Method: This study was a retrospective study using 50 clinical record of the inpatient patients. The inclusion criteria were all documents of those who are hospitalized at least three days. Result: The result describes three factors following the incidence of phlebitis, such as intrinsic factors, chemical factors, and mechanical factors. The Intrinsic factors included age, gender and medical diagnosis. While Mechanical factors consist of the size of catheter, location and length of infusion. The Chemical factors were of infusion fluid type and infusion rate. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was the three factors are modifiable factors. Thus, nurses need to assess and evaluate patients’ infusion in order to prevent a higher case of phlebitis. As a recommendation for further study is to analyze the correlation between those factors to the incidence of phlebitis.
The Influence of Oral Hygiene Education on The Oral Health Status of Patients Suffering from HIV/AIDS
Authors: Lefta Yohanis , Arafat Rosyidah , Syahrul Syahrul
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Poor oral hygiene and dental care can affect oral intake which results in decreased endurance and increases the risk of opportunistic or systemic infections. Method: The research was carried out the RSUD dr. M. Haulussy Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia, using a quasi-experimental method, involving 30 nurses and 20 patients. The level of knowledge and skills is evaluated before and after oral hygiene education for nurses. Patients were measured with a Beck Oral Assessment Scale (BOAS) score, and C. albicans yeast culture before and after the intervention was given in the form of oral hygiene using a soft toothbrush and dental floss for one week. Result: The influence of oral hygiene education on nurses knowledge with median value of pre-education 36.00 and post-education 91.00 and nurse skills have median value of pre-education 67.00 and post-education 100.00 with a significant value of p = 0.001 <0.05. There is an increase in knowledge and skills after educational activities. Before oral hygiene treatment was applied with a review of the BOAS score it had a median value of 11.00 after the intervention became 6.00 a significant value of p= 0.001<0.05, which showed a decrease in scores after oral hygiene treatment. Examination of C. albicans fungus with a median value of 79.00 pre-intervention and 31.00 at post-intervention, a significant value of p= 0.001, showed a decrease in the number of post-intervention fungi. Conclusion: Nurses should conducted Oral hygiene regularly to improve oral health status of AIDs patiens.
EVALUASI JUMLAH TENAGA KERJA DALAM KONSTRUKSI MENGHADAPI ERA NEW NORMAL
Authors: Putrianti Pratika Riris
Published: March 2021

The impact of Covid-19 on the implementation of construction services includes budget cuts, delays in project completion, increased implementation costs, potential for construction disputes. In the era of "New Normal”, it is done with the condition that Covid-19 transmission has been controlled by Public Health and the capacity of the health system is able to identify, isolate, test, track contracts and quarantine. In the era of "New Normal" reduce the risk of outbreaks by strict regulation of places that have high vulnerability, prevention at work is implemented, the risk of the spread of imported cased can be controlled, and people take part and be involved in the transition. The design of "New Normal" in terms of Construction can be said as "Construction Adaptation" in which the implementation of construction services that is safe, effective, and efficient to accelerate development while still implementing health protocols. The protocols that should be implemented include: procurement protocols based on online and minimizing face-to-face, work implementation protocols using masks and physical distancing and contract adjustment protocols with contract flexibility to accommodate field conditions. Construction survival strategies in the "New Normal" era, namely: digitizing by optimizing the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM), specialization with a focus on specific expertise, industrialization with modular and precast buildings increasing work productivity, building supply chains with vendor management system, adaptation by absorbing concepts new design and new innovation, trust communication.
Late Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome After Anatomic Fixation of a Diaphyseal Clavicle Fracture
Authors: Fogel Nathaniel , Lee Jason T. , Bishop Julius A.
Published: March 2021

Case:

We report the case of a 29-year-old man with a displaced mid-diaphyseal clavicle fracture that healed in anatomic position without fracture callus after surgical treatment but developed symptoms of late venous thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) 19 months postoperatively. He was diagnosed with proximal subclavian vein thrombosis and was treated with urgent thrombolysis and staged first rib resection with resolution of symptoms.

Conclusions:

Late venous TOS is a potential complication of clavicle fracture, even in the setting of anatomic reduction and primary bone healing. This entity has previously only been described in the setting of nonunion and malunion.
Evaluating EAP Textbooks for Indonesian University Students Using Impressionistic and In-depth Assessment
Authors: Solikhah Imroatus
Published: March 2021

This study was qualitative content analysis that evaluated the quality of English for University Teaching (EUT), English for Specific Purposes (ESP), and English for Academic Purposes (EAP) textbooks through impressionistic and in-depth analysis.   The participants were 9 EAP teachers and 15 EAP students from three universities in Surakarta, Indonesia. Instruments to collect data were checklist and interview guide. The checklist consisted of impressionistic analysis to see (1) cover, (2) content scope, (3) learning activities, (4) book organization, and (5) layout; and the in-depth analysis, namely (1) aim and approach, (2) organization design, language and content, (3) language skills, and (4) practical consideration. Data were collected using checklist and Focus Group Discussion. Data were analyzed through summative content analysis with seven stages: transforming data into narrative text, determining unit of analysis, developing categories, coding, coding the entire text, checking consistency of coding, and drawing conclusion. Results show EUT and ESP have low quality based on the impressionistic evaluation, and fair quality of their in-depth evaluation.  Both books are register and grammar oriented.  EAP textbook is good in general, and very good in depth.  EAP presents its contents in terms of genre reading, academic speaking, academic reading, academic writing and grammar.
Strategies to Improve Skills to Write Stories: A Case Study in Universities in Tulungagung City
Authors: Nurhayati Dwi Astuti , Djatmika Djatmika
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the quality of language exploitation performed by the students of the English Language Study Program in the City of Tulungagung in writing English text stories. The data was collected for 4 months, starting May up to August 2020 in IAIN Tulungagung campus in the sense of data collection, through the observation. This study used case study design and involves 43 Indonesian undergraduate students and who were majoring in English. Narrative texts produced by the students were collected to be analyzed using a qualitative approach. Two aspects becoming the focus of discussion are the text structure and the text texture. The former represents how discourse units are selected and arranged in accordance to the narrative format, while the latter is related to how grammar is exploited and how words are selected for the stories. The results show that most of the students are very good in selecting and arranging discourse unit to build the stories. Meanwhile, they still show weaknesses in constructing grammar and selecting words for the stories. In these areas, inferences from Indonesian and Javanese languages happen.
EFL Students’ Challenges towards Home Learning Policy During Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Ariyanti Ariyanti
Published: March 2021

Obviously, the world wide is shocking with pandemic of Covid-19 where it effects to every single part of human lives and everyday activities for sure. Additionally, the Covid-19 pandemic also has its influence toward education system from lower to upper levels. Both teachers and students feel the impact from the recent pandemic especially in Indonesian context where of course it triggers barriers due to the educational adjustment they have to follow. Therefore, this research is particulalrly aimed to investigate perception of EFL students toward home learning during pandemic of Covid-19. In-dept interview was applied to eight students of English Department students of University of Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda. Specifically, the in-dept interview is consisted of the students’ perception mainly regarding with challenges they faced when having home learning activities during the Covid-19 pandemic up to the recent time. As a result, the researcher found that the students face three major types of challenges including internet connection, healthy reason, and the use of certain online application. Further discussion and and fruitful suggestions also provided in this research.
ACOSO ESCOLAR EN ESTUDIANTES DE SECUNDARIA: CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL, PERCEPCIÓN DE SALUD Y CALIDAD DE LAS RELACIONES FAMILIARES EN AGRESORES Y/O VÍCTIMAS
Authors: Patiño-Masó Josefina , Gras Maria-Eugenia , Salamó Avellaneda Anna , Arboix Perejamo Montserrat , Font-Mayolas Sílvia
Published: March 2021

El acoso escolar es uno de los más preocupantes problemas de comportamiento en los adolescentes y en todos los centros educativos. Objetivos. Analizar la prevalencia de diversas conductas de acoso escolar en estudiantes de secundaria, como víctimas y como agresores y su relación con el uso de alcohol, el estado de salud y la calidad de las relaciones familiares. Comparar la prevalencia de estas conductas como agresor, entre los adolescentes que las han sufrido y los que no. Método. Estudio comparativo descriptivo transversal. Participaron 468 escolares, edad media = 12.81 años (DT = 0.75), 49.4% mujeres. Resultados. Un 36.2% de los participantes sufrieron o practicaron respectivamente, al menos una, de las conductas analizadas. Las más habituales fueron los insultos y/o las burlas. Se halló que era más frecuente ser agresor si se había sido víctima de acoso escolar o se había probado el alcohol. Las conductas de bullying se asociaron a un peor estado de salud percibido y a una mala calidad de las relaciones familiares. Conclusión. Las acciones preventivas frente al acoso escolar en la infancia y adolescencia deben trabajarse en la familia, en toda la etapa escolar y en la comunidad de forma precoz, sistemática, integrada y gradual.
INFLUENCIA DE LA ADICCIÓN A INTERNET EN EL BIENESTAR PERSONAL DE LOS ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS
Authors: Romero-Rodríguez José-María , Martínez-Heredia Nazaret , Campos Soto María Natalia , Ramos Navas-Parejo Magdalena
Published: March 2021

La adicción a Internet es una problemática actual que afecta principalmente a la población de estudiantes universitarios. Además, España es uno de los países europeos con mayores tasas de uso problemático de Internet. Los objetivos de este estudio se centraron en analizar el grado de adicción a Internet de los estudiantes universitarios y comprobar si la adicción a Internet influyó en el estado de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y autocontrol de los estudiantes. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño transversal a partir de la aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra total de 1013 estudiantes de la Universidad de Granada (España). Los resultados indicaron que el uso problemático y abusivo de Internet afecta de manera relevante en los estados de depresión, ansiedad y estrés y en menor medida al autocontrol del estudiantado, agravándolos en todos los casos. Finalmente, es necesario comprender que la adicción a Internet es un problema creciente en la población juvenil, que conlleva a estados de fatiga, angustia, tensión, incomodidad y errores en su vida diaria.
Colour vision deficiency and sputum colour charts in COPD patients: an exploratory mixed methods study
Authors: Turner Professor Alice M , Gale Nicola , Quinn Mark
Published: March 2021

This exploratory mixed method sub-study aimed to establish the impact of colour vision deficiency (CVD) on the usability of sputum colour charts in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Participants with CVD and those with at risk of acquiring CVD were recruited for the study. Colour vision was tested using Chroma Test, which is a software program that analyses the tritan and protan colour contrast thresholds. Qualitative interviews (individual and focus groups) comprised of participants with COPD assessed for undiagnosed CVD, as well as a group with known CVD (with or without COPD). Interviews were analysed using the framework method. Refer to Protocol 1.In addition, a cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of CVD in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) using colour blind diagnostic read codes. A limitation of this could be failure of general practitioners to record CVD causing underreporting. Refer to Protocol 2.
Universal adaptive evolution strategy of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum to gut selection pressure from humans, mice and zebrafish
Authors: Huang Shi , Jiang Shuaiming , Huo Dongxue , Allaband Celeste , Estaki Mehrbod , Cantu Victor , Belda-Ferre Pedro , Vázquez-Baeza Yoshiki , Zhu Qiyun , Ma Chenchen , Zarrinpar Amir , Liu Yang-Yu , Knight Rob , Zhang Jiachao
Published: March 2021

Improving the probiotic engraftment in humans requires a thorough understanding of in vivo gut-adaptive strategy of probiotics in diverse contexts. Here, we exposed the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum HNU082 (Lp082) to gut microbiota of healthy humans, mice, and zebrafish for four weeks. Independent of host choice, Lp082 established and adapted the gut by acquiring highly consistent single-nucleotide mutations, which modulated carbohydrate utilization, and acid tolerance, and significantly promoted its in vivo competitive fitness. In turn, resident gut microbial strains, especially competing strains with Lp082 (e.g. Bacteroides spp. and Bifidobacterium spp.), actively respond to Lp082 engraftment by accumulating 10-70 folds more evolutionary changes than usual. Human gut microbiota exhibited a higher ecological and genetic stability than that of mice. Collectively, the highly convergent adaptation strategy of Lp082 across host environments lay the foundation for leveraging the animal model for ex vivo engineering of probiotics for better engraftment outcomes in humans.
Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST): validity and reliability in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Authors: Gustemps Laura Gisbert , Marín Jorge Lugo , Ramos Imanol Setien , Martín Gemma Español , Vieta Eduard , Bonnín Caterina Mar , Quiroga Josep Antoni Ramos
Published: March 2021

Background : The assessment of functional impairment is crucial both for the diagnosis and the therapeutic approach to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the FAST is a reliable and valid tool to assess functional impairment in adults with Level 1 ASD and to study the differences in psychosocial functioning between younger and older adults with ASD. Methods : A case–control study was carried out in a sample of 150 participants, 71 adults with Level 1 ASD, and 79 adults without psychiatric history records. Results : Results showed good psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability. Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale was .91 and the area under the curve was .98. The study also showed that adults with ASD present different profiles of functional impairment depending on their age: while younger patients present greater impairment in autonomy, older patients show more difficulties in interpersonal relationships Conclusions : Our results support the use of the FAST in the evaluation of adaptive functioning in adults with Level 1 ASD.
CDC20 as a new therapeutic target for treating ovarian cancer: an integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaocui , Bi Fangfang , Yang Qing
Published: March 2021

Background: There were 313959 cases of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer (OC) and 207252 new deaths for OC in 2020 and OC lacks effective treatment options. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets is imminent. Here, we use an integrated bioinformatics analysis to key genes involved in ovarian cancer and reveal potential therapeutic targets.Methods: GSE105437, GSE14407 and GSE18520 downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to predict the potential functions of the DEGs. Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was drawn through STRING database and select CDC20 having the highest degrees of connectivity as the potential therapeutic target. Oncomine database and quantitative Real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) of the ovarian tissues were used to validate the mRNA expression of CDC20. We use Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software to explore the potential biological function of CDC20 in OC. Results: A total of 821 DEGs were obtained, including 497 upregulated genes and 324 downregulated genes. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses indicated the DEGs were mainly involved in DNA-binding transcription activator activity, tubulin binding, microtubule binding, cell cycle, Wnt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and metabolism changes. Oncomine database analysis and RT-qPCR showed that CDC20 is significantly upregulated in OC tissues. GSEA analysis showed that CDC20 may regulate OC via cell cycle, citrate and TCA cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathways. Conclusion: The results of the present study deduced that CDC20 is overexpressed in OC and may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of OC.
Locking Plate alone or in Combination with Cannulated Screws for Hoffa Fractures: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Zhen , Chen Zhenyue , Wang Xiaotan , Li Jingyin , Jing Lizhong , Cao Xuewei
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Locking plate or screws have been used for Hoffa fractures; however, evidence to support the effectiveness of the procedure remains scarce. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of distal femur condyle locking plate(DFCLP)alone or in combination with cannulated screws for Hoffa fractures.
Methods
In this cohort study, 13 patients with isolated Hoffa fractures were enrolled during the study period (May 2014 to February 2019) and retrospectively analyzed. Patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation by DFCLP alone or in combination with cannulated screws followed by early active rehabilitation postoperatively. The primary outcome was evaluated with Knee Society Score (KSS), the range of movement (ROM), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring system and the stability of the fixation site of the patients during the 24-month follow-up period.
Results
A total of 13 patients completed the 24-month follow-up assessment and achieve bone re-union at Hoffa fracture sites. The average follow-up period was 24.5months (ranging from 24 to 28 months), and the average time to healing was 3.5 months (ranging from 3 to 4 months). The mean ROM was determined as 119°, the mean KSS was 87.9, and the mean IKDC score was 84.2. It is worth mentioning that 2 patients suffered from knee joint stiffness and osteoarthritis during the 24 months follow-up. Eleven patients (84.6%) achieved satisfactory knee joint function through early postsurgical rehabilitation.
Conclusion

In patients with Hoffa fractures,
treatment with DFCLP alone or in combination with cannulated screws
followed by early active rehabilitation resulted in great stability
and satisfactory functional results after 24 months.
Genomic Based Characterization of Enterococcus Spp-An Emerging Pathogen Isolated from Human Gut
Authors: younus Zumara , Goyal Sagar M. , Singh Vikash , Ikram Aamer , Imran Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Background Enterococci are ubiquitous microorganisms having diverse ecological niches but mostly prominently in gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Production of enterocins make them used as probiotics, but in last few years their role as probiotic become ambiguous. This ambiguity in their probiotic role is related to presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, these virulence traits are also known to be transfer genetically which make them opportunistic pathogens in gastrointestinal track. These reports suggest serious concerns related to enterococcus before using them as probiotics. In present study Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Enterococcus spp was done for checking presence of resistance and virulence genes, isolated from human gut.Methods and resultsFour human origin Enterococcus spp including Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus casseliflavus, and two Enterococcus gallinarum were isolated from human fecal samples, further cultured on blood and MacConkey agar. Sanger sequencing was done using Applied Biosystems 3730xl DNA Analyzer. These strains were further subjected to WGS using oxford nano pore technology MinION. Raw data was analyzed using free online tool epi2me. The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) and RAST software’s were used to look for presence of antibiotic resistance genes in these strains. Resistance determinants for clinically important antibiotics (vancomycin) and functional virulence factor genes were detected. G-view server was used for comparative genomics of all strains.Conclusion:The draft genomic sequencing of enterococcus suggested that Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus gallinarum strains are opportunistic pathogens, having antibiotic resistance genes. All isolates have vancomycin resistance genes which they also expressed phenotypically. Some genes related to bacteriocin resistance were also present in E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum.
Bioavailability of Zinc in Bread Wheat Grown in the Calcareous Soils of the Kurdistan Region of IRAQ
Authors: Rasheed Muhammed S. , Young Scott , Bailey Elezabeth
Published: March 2021

A survey of wheat grain from 120 fields in Sulaimanyah province, Kurdistan region, Iraq was undertaken in 2017. We evaluated the concentrations of phosphorus (P), Zn and phytic acid (PA) and the estimated Zn bioavailability in wheat grain grown in the calcareous soils of the region. Concentrations of P in wheat grain were higher than the recommended value of 3570 mg kg− 1; PA was within the range of other countries but Zn concentration in 88% of wheat grain samples fell below the value recommended for human nutrition of 41.6 mg kg− 1. Bioavailable Zn intake (mg d− 1) was estimated assuming bread consumption of 300 g day− 1 in the region. Considering PA and Zn intake suggested only 21.5 ± 2.9% of whole grain flour Zn was bioavailable. Thus the effective Zn intakes from whole wheat was only 1.25–2.05 mg d− 1 for the local population. Typical dietary Zn was below recommended levels (11 mg d− 1), due to low soil Zn uptake by wheat and the large concentrations of PA in wheat grains, probably from over-use of phosphate fertilizer.
A Human-Immune-System (HIS) humanized mouse model (DRAGA: HLA-A2. HLA-DR4. Rag1 KO.IL-2Rγc KO. NOD) for COVID-19
Authors: Brumeanu Teodor-Doru , Vir Pooja , Karim Ahmad Faisal , Kar Swagata , Benetiene Dalia , Lok Megan , Greenhouse Jack , Putmon-Taylor Tammy , Kitajewski Christopher , Chung Kevin K. , Pratt Kathleen P. , Casares Sofia A.
Published: March 2021

We report the first Human Immune System (HIS)-humanized mouse model (“DRAGA”: HLA-A2.HLA-DR4.Rag1KO.IL-2RgcKO.NOD) for COVID-19 research. This mouse is reconstituted with human cord blood-derived, HLA-matched hematopoietic stem cells. It engrafts human epi/endothelial cells expressing the human ACE2 receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and TMPRSS2 serine protease co-localized on lung epithelia. HIS-DRAGA mice sustained SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing deteriorated clinical condition, replicating virus in the lungs, and human-like lung immunopathology including T-cell infiltrates, microthrombi and pulmonary sequelae. Among T-cell infiltrates, lung-resident (CD103+) CD8+ T cells were sequestered in epithelial (CD326+) lung niches and secreted granzyme B and perforin, indicating cytotoxic potential. Infected mice also developed antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. Hence, HIS-DRAGA mice showed unique advantages as a surrogate in vivo human model for studying SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology and for testing the safety and efficacy of candidate vaccines and therapeutics.
The formation of giant podiform chromitite by asthenospheric melts in supra-subduction zone environments
Authors: Ruan Tao , Zhong Hong , Zhu Jianming , Bai Zhong-Jie
Published: March 2021

Podiform chromitite hosted in supra-subduction zone (SSZ) ophiolite accounts for a substantial proportion of the global chromium supply market. However, there is no consensus regarding the specific processes involved in the source and formation of this chromium. It seems unlikely that fractional crystallization of basaltic melt or the boninitic melt–mantle harzburgite reaction could provide such huge amounts of chromium given the constraints of Cr mass balance. Here we identify two specific melts responsible for the formation of the typical ophiolite-related Luobusa chromite deposit in the Yarlung–Zangbo Suture Zone in Tibet, China. One is Cr-rich melt derived from the deep asthenosphere, and the other is boninitic melt generated by hydrous melting of previously depleted peridotites. We propose that the Luobusa podiform chromitite was produced through mixing of these two melts, of which the primitive asthenospheric Cr-rich melt provided huge amounts of Cr, and the introduction of boninitic magma triggered the crystallization of chromite. The findings of this study are important for understanding the genesis of global podiform chromite deposits hosted in SSZ ophiolite.