bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A method for counting models on grid Boolean formulas1
Authors: López-Medina Marco A. , Marcial-Romero J. Raymundo , De Ita Luna Guillermo , Hernández José A.
Published: January 2022

We present a novel algorithm based on combinatorial operations on lists for computing the number of models on two conjunctive normal form Boolean formulas whose restricted graph is represented by a grid graph Gm,n. We show that our algorithm is correct and its time complexity is O ( t · 1 . 618 t + 2 + t · 1 . 618 2 t + 4 ) , where t = n · m is the total number of vertices in the graph. For this class of formulas, we show that our proposal improves the asymptotic behavior of the time-complexity with respect of the current leader algorithm for counting models on two conjunctive form formulas of this kind.
Trithioarsenites [(RS)3As], dithioarsonites [R-As(SR′)2] and thioarsinites [R2As-SR′]: Preparations, chemical, biochemical and biological properties
Authors: Ioannou Panayiotis V.
Published: January 2022

Contrary to P(V) compounds, As(V) compounds can very easily reduced by thiols to As(III) thiolates that are deemed to play a central role in the metabolism of arsenic and therefore a review on the preparation and properties of the title thiolates can be of interest. The preparation of trithioarsenites, dithioarsonites and thioarsinites involves reactions of a thiol with a proper As(V) or As(III) precursor via 4-centered transition states or a thiolate by SN2 mechanisms. Convenient precursors are the solids As2O3, arsonic and arsinic acids, although for the latter two acids the separation of the product from the co-produced disulfides can be problematic. Only a few crystal structures have been reported and involve only trithioarsenites. From their chemical properties, the hydrolyses, transthiolations and air oxidations are of particular interest from mechanistic and biochemical/biological points of view. Their nucleophilicity towards alkyl halides and acyl derivatives revealed unexpected behavior. Although these molecules have many free electron pairs only three reports were found pertaining to their reaction with metal cations (Hg2+) and metal carbonyls; the mercuric complexes being not characterized. Only a few studies appeared for the action of the title compounds towards enzymes, while the patent literature revealed that they have bactericidal, fungicidal and insecticidal activities for agricultural applications, some have antiparasitic activity on animals and a few are carcinostatic.
The potential of robotics for the development and wellbeing of children with disabilities as we see it
Authors: van den Heuvel Renée , Jansens Rianne , Littler Brenda , Huijnen Claire , Di Nuovo Alessandro , Bonarini Andrea , Desideri Lorenzo , Encarnação Pedro , Lekova Anna , de Witte Luc
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Rapid technological development has been opening new possibilities for children with disabilities. In particular, robots can enable and create new opportunities in therapy, rehabilitation, education, or leisure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to share experiences, challenges and learned lessons by the authors, all of them with experience conducting research in the field of robotics for children with disabilities, and to propose future directions for research and development. METHODS: The article is the result of several consensus meetings to establish future research priorities in this field. RESULTS: Robots have a huge potential to support children with disabilities: they can play the role of a play buddy, of a mediator when interacting with other children or adults, they can promote social interaction, and transfer children from the role of a spectator of the surrounding world to the role of an active participant. To fulfill their potential, robots have to be “smart”, stable and reliable, easy to use and program, and give the just-right amount of support adapted to the needs of the child. Interdisciplinary collaboration combined with user centered design is necessary to make robotic applications successful. Furthermore, real-life contexts to test and implement robotic interventions are essential to refine them according to real needs. CONCLUSIONS: This article outlines a research agenda for the future of robotics in childcare and supports the establishment of R4C – Robots for Children, a network of experts aimed at sharing ideas, promoting innovative research, and developing good practices on the use of robots for children with disabilities.
Assistive technology to support people with autism spectrum disorder in their autonomy and safety: A scoping review
Authors: Wohofsky Lukas , Scharf Philip , Lattacher Sandra Lisa , Krainer Daniela
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental disorder with increasing prevalence rates. People affected by ASD do often need support in various activities of daily living mainly provided by formal or informal caregivers. Assistive technology can help to increase autonomy and safety of people on the autism spectrum and thus decrease the burden of care. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the state of the art of assistive technology (AT) that supports autonomy, self-reliance, comfort and wellbeing of people with ASD or aiming to prevent dangerous situations or shutdowns, caused by stressful (environmental) situations. Another aim is to analyze the fields of application and type of the proposed technologies and to explore the evaluations conducted. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out where the databases MEDLINE, IEEE and ACM Digital Library were searched. The identified articles were grouped according to the objective of the technology – the supported area of life that is assisted by the proposed systems. Furthermore, the conducted evaluations of the ATs in the papers were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 40 articles were included in this review with a balanced distribution in the different fields of application (Communication & Social Life; Daily Living Assistants; Safety & Security). Eighteen studies conducted an evaluation of the proposed technology with people with ASD, mainly testing the functionality of the systems. CONCLUSION: The proposed technologies support people in the autism spectrum according to the main outcomes and symptoms of ASD. Further research is needed to determine the usefulness and acceptance of the ATs.
Image quality enhancement of CT hepatic portal venography using dual energy blending with computer determined parameters
Authors: Wang Tao , Han Yuxin , Lin Liying , Yu Changlu , Lv Rong , Han Li
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that using some post-processing methods, such as nonlinear-blending and linear blending techniques, has potential to improve dual-energy computed (DECT) image quality. OBJECTIVE: To improve DECT image quality of hepatic portal venography (CTPV) using a new non-linear blending method with computer-determined parameters, and to compare the results to additional linear and non-linear blending techniques. METHODS: DECT images of 60 patients who were clinically diagnosed with liver cirrhosis were selected and studied. Dual-energy scanning (80 kVp and Sn140 kVp) of CTPV was utilized in the portal venous phase through a dual-source CT scanner. For image processing, four protocols were utilized including linear blending with a weighing factor of 0.3 (protocol A) and 1.0 (protocol B), non-linear blending with fixed blending width of 200 HU and set blending center of 150HU (protocol C), and computer-based blending (protocol D). Several image quality indicators, including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and contrast of hepatic portal vein and hepatic parenchyma, were evaluated using the paired-sample t-test. A 5-grade scale scoring system was also utilized for subjective analysis. RESULTS: SNR of protocols A-D were 9.1±2.1, 12.1±3.0, 11.6±2.8 and 14.4±3.2, respectively. CNR of protocols A-D were 4.6±1.3, 8.0±2.3, 7.0±2.0 and 9.8±2.4, respectively. The contrast of protocols A-D were 37.7±11.6, 91.9±21.0, 66.2±19.0 and 107.7±21.3, respectively. The differences between protocol D and other three protocols were significant (P < 0.01). In subjective evaluation, the modes of protocols A, B, C, and D were rated poor, good, generally acceptable, and excellent, respectively. CONCLUSION: The non-linear blending technique of protocol D with computer-determined blending parameters can help improve imaging quality of CTPV and contribute to a diagnosis of liver disease.
Si aumenta el IVA ¿Quién paga?
Authors: Salas Humberto
Published: January 2022

Columna de opinión
A Comparative Study of Olodumare, the Yoruba Supreme Being and the Judea-Christian God
Authors: Ogungbemi Segun
Published: January 2022

This comparative study of Olodumare in Yoruba thought and the Judeo-Christian God reviews the reasons why these two deities from different cul­tures are so often equated, when they are not necessarily so. This paper uses a philosophical-theological method of inquiry that is apt in giving a concise clarification of theological interface between the two religious and cultural be­liefs. It Is not the intention of this paper to argue that the Yoruba concept of 016dumare Is superior to the Christian concept of God. Rather, it is argued that they are not necessarily the same. Finally, the essay establishes that the Yoruba before the advent of Christianity had a philosophical concept of the existence of 016dumare, the Creator of everything that is in the primordial existence and the material world.
Lílo Ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ láti kọ́ni ní Èdè Yorùbá
Authors: Adesola Oluseye
Published: January 2022

Apileko yii se alaye to kun lori bi a se le lo awon imo ero tuntun (technology) fun akoyege ede Yoruba, papaa julo nipa lilo awon ere idaraya keekeeke lori ero konputa fun kiko ede Yoruba. Ninu apileko naa, a safihan awon ere onimo ero gbajugbaja ti oluko le samulo won fun kiko ede Yoruba gege bii Jeopardy (Jeopaadi), Who Wants to be a Millionaire (Ta lo fe dololoa?), ati Wordsearch (Isawari Oro). Nipari, apileko naa se alaye to kun nipa arifani ati isoro ti o so mo awon ere ori ero wonyi.
Èdè Yorùbá, ọ̀rọ̀ àyálò, àti ọ̀rọ̀ àdàpọ̀ àti akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ kíkọ́ ní ìlú Amẹ́ríkà
Authors: Alabi Victor Temitope
Published: January 2022

Ero mi ninu apileko yii da lori awon oro ayalo ninu ede Yoruba nipase ajosepo ti o ti wa laarin ede naa ati ede Oyinbo ni orile-ede Naijiria. Mo salaye wi pe eyi ki i se tuntun rara nitori pe ba kan naa ni omo sori bi ede meji ba ni ajosepo. Apileko naa menu ba awon isoro ti awon oro ayalo wonyi le da sile fun awon akekoo ti won n ko ede Yoruba gege bi ede akokunteni. Nipari, a gba awon oluko nimoran lori awon ogbon ikoni ti yoo wulo pupo fun ise won.
Ọjọ́-ọ̀la Èdè Yorùbá ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà
Authors: Akinyemi Akintunde
Published: January 2022

Apileko yii pitan ididele eko ede Yoruba ni orile-ede Amerika, o si so olokanojokan awon isoro to n koju awon oluko ati akekoo ede Yoruba ni orile-ede naa, ki o too wa wo sakun ojo-ola eto eko naa nile Amerika. Lara awon aba ti apileko yii gbe kale ki ojo-olo ede Yoruba le dara sii ni: kiko iwe ikoni to ba igba mu, to si see lo pelu imo ero, fifun awon akekoo ni imoran nipa iwulo kiko ede ajoji bi ede akonkunteni, fifi enu ko nipa fonti lati maa fi te Yoruba lori konputa ati odiwon fun ikoni lekoo, titi o fi kan ipese anfani fun awon akekoo lati lo si Naijiria nibi ti awon elede naa ti n lo o ni gbogbo igba.
A. V. Schleicher. Colloquial Yoruba: The Complete Course for Beginners. New York and London: Routledge, 2008. 295 pp.
Authors: Ehineni Taiwo Oluwaseun
Published: January 2022

Book review of A. V. Schleicher's Colloquial Yoruba: The Complete Course for Beginners. New York and London: Routledge, 2008. 295 pp.
Drawings Of Pagan Ceremonies By A Christian Boy From Ora
Authors: Wenger Suzanne
Published: January 2022

A reprint of an essay from ODO: Journal of Yoruba and Related Studies, 1955, No. 2.
Yoruba Myths: A Sociologist's Interpretation
Authors: Lloyd P.C.
Published: January 2022

A reprint of an essay from ODO: Journal of Yoruba and Related Studies, 1955, No. 2.
Trade, Violence and Diplomacy on the Coast of Ikorodu: The Resistance of Balogun Mabadeje Jaiyesimi
Authors: Adeyemi-Suenu Adebowale
Published: January 2022

From the 1850s, British influence in Lagos and coastal Nigeria expanded, leading to the annexation of Lagos in December 1861 and the establishment of Lagos Colony in 1862. This period also witnessed the British quest for the control of coastal and inland trade routes. Ikorodu’s location north of Lagos and on the lagoon, and its control of trade from the coast to Sagamu, the main city of Remo, involved the town in larger struggles between the Ijebu kingdom and the Egba settlers at Abeokuta, and in the expansionist plans for Lagos under Governor Henry Stanhope Freeman (1862–4) and his successor, Captain John Hawley Glover (1864–6).

This article explores how Ikorodu successfully manoeuvred between these differen interests under the leadership of Balogun Mabadeje Jaiyesimi to defeat its external aggressors and to increase its independence. It not only addresses the dearth of published work on Ikorodu but also provides a response to Earl Phillips’ discussion of the unsuccessful 1864–5 Egba attack on Ikorodu. Unlike Philips, who suggests that the Egba defeat was primarily engineered by John Glover, this article emphasises the importance of Balogun Jaiyesimi’s strategic and negotiating skills, which led to the formation of a local coalition between Ikorodu and its neighbouring towns, especially Igbogbo, to ensure Ikorodu’s military victory.
Trade on the North Eastern Bank of the Lagos Lagoon: A Focus on Ejinrin Lagoon Market, 1851–1939
Authors: Olubomehin Oladipo O.
Published: January 2022

This article discusses trade and market activities on the north eastern bank of the Lagos Lagoon. Our particular focus is on the Ijebu lagoon market of Ejinrin. During the period covered by this study, Ejinrin was a meeting point for traders from Lagos and those from southeastern Yoruba hinterland. Traders reportedly attended the market not only from Ijebuland but also from places such as Gbongan, Ile-Ife, Ilesha, Oyo, Ilorin, Okitipupa, Owo, Epe, Orimedu, Atijere and other towns in Yorubaland. Colonial records show that attendance at Ejinrin reached between 20,000 and 26,000 on a market day by the end of the nineteenth century and by 1908, the market was rated as the largest market in the whole of the western provinces of Nigeria. Such was the strategic importance of this market that it supplied Lagos with the bulk of the palm oil shipped overseas during the pre-colonial and colonial periods. Thus, the lagoon market occupied a very important place in the local economy of the Ijebu and that of Lagos. This article is an attempt to understand this aspect of the indigenous economy of Nigeria. It is an attempt to analyze and document the history of commercial activities in this geographical zone of the Lagos (Ijebu) Lagoon. The study relied largely on documentary evidence got from the National Archives, Ibadan and extensive oral evidence collected from those who, at one time or the other, had attended the market.
By Canoe and Speedboat: The Recent Expansion of the Ìlàjẹ Fishing Trade
Authors: Onipede Kayọde Joseph
Published: January 2022

Competition has remained a significant feature of trade, particularly in regions with diverse social groups like the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This article examines the expansion of trade among the Ìlàjẹ communities of Ondo State in the coastal area of Yorùbáland, which to the best of our knowledge has not been documented. Historical method of data collection and analysis were employed in the study. These include primary and secondary sources. The primary sources are mainly comprised of interviews of key informants and participants’ observations. The secondary sources consist of journal articles and texts. The results were analyzed qualitatively.
The growth in coastal trade in the Ìlàjẹ area from 2010 onwards was largely due to the construction of new roads along the coast, which linked Ìlàjẹ to the wider road network. Between 2009 and 2013, new trading routes emerged along the road from Igbokoda to Araromi via Atijere on the western side to Ògun and Lagos state, passing through towns like Ipárè, Oko-Ńlá, Obinehin, Etíkàn, Erékè, and Àbòtó. Another route linked Igbokoda with Òde-Ùgbò and Ùgbò-Ńlá coastal market in the east. As traders and goods came into Ìlàjẹ from various parts of Nigeria, new markets sprang up to facilitate the exchange of upland goods for fish products. The construction of new roads also encouraged social and economic development by bringing into the area goods and commodities hitherto not transportable on water, such as ‘modern’ building materials. However, far from reducing water-based activity, the overall increase in trade has also contributed to an increase of water-based traffic, especially for fishing.
The Illicit Production and Consumption of Ògógóró in Coastal Yorùbáland and the Niger Delta
Authors: Olúpàyímọ´ Dọlápọ` Z.
Published: January 2022

This article interrogates the production and sale of illicit gin variously called Káí-káí, Ro`ḅ ì`ṛobì, Bàbá èrìn, Etonto, Wuru, Push-me-I-push-you, Saepele water, Craze-man-for-bottle, Ògógóró, and Pàrágà in many places including the coastal Yorùbá areas. The places in which it is produced within our area of study include Ikoya, Okitipupa, and Ìrèlè in Ikale land. Other areas in Ìlàjẹ and Apoiland include Mahintedo, Ugbón´lá, Igbégunrín, and Ìgbòbíní. The analysis in the article is based on the theory of the political economy and criminality. It is the assumption of this work that as the capitalist mode of production and distribution intensifies, crimes, insecurity and other related issues deepen. The article adopts the use of sources which include oral interviews with resource persons, police information and intelligence reports, newspaper publications and archival documents from the colonial period deposited in the National Archives, Ibadan. As illicitly brewed gin is linked to social deviancy in different ways, and as it can affect peoples’ health dramatically, the author argues that the lives of the people should be protected by establishing effective regulatory bodies that stamp out the production of unrated gin.
Oil Exploration and Exploitation in Ugbo (Ilaje) Communities of Coastal Yorubaland
Authors: Ikuejube ‘Gbade , Funmilayo O.A.
Published: January 2022

Coastal Yorubaland is one of the richest parts of Nigeria in terms of natural resource endowment. The area is blessed with extensive forests, good agricultural land and abundant water resources such as fish. It is also blessed with reserves of crude oil. This natural resource has attracted the attention of oil companies, whose activities often result in economic and social problems such as environmental pollution, occupational dislocation, cultural extinction and rural urban drift. However, the attitude of the people in this region, especially the militant youths, has also contributed to environmental degradation: oil pipe vandalization has become a constant occurrence, and it has a debilitating effect on the environment. Environmental devastation, economic poverty and constant conflict constitute a lived reality. Oil exploitation activities have also left much of the area desolate, poor and uninhabitable. This article argues that the effects of oil exploitation on Ilaje Ugbo communities are comparable to what occurs in other oil communities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
An African Monotheism: The Igbe Religion of the Urhobo and the Economic Importance of Ore-Isi Festival
Authors: Afatakpa Fortune
Published: January 2022

This article illustrates the religious diversity of coastal Nigeria by analyzing the Igbe religion, a monotheist religion practiced mainly by Urhobo speakers. The first part of the article situates Igbe within the concept of “Evolving Modern Religion” rather than “African Traditional Religion” because it has a founder and is a monotheist religion. It then provides the historical background to the emergence of Igbe religion and gives an overview to its organisation. The second part of the article describes the religion’s main Ore-Isi festival and explores its core values and the nostalgic experiences in the minds of Igbe adherents. The third section of the article analyses the social and economic benefits of the Ore-Isi festival and its implications for Delta State in particular and Nigeria ingeneral.
The Survival of the Yorùbá Healing Systems in the Modern Age
Authors: Paul Ilesanmi Akanmidu
Published: January 2022

This study investigates the philosophy and tradition of the Yorùbá healing system and the reasons for its survival into the modern age. The introduction of western-style healthcare by missionaries—which became consolidated under colonial rule, from any point of view was attempted to stiffen the survival of the former. Intentionally or inadvertently, the Yorùbá healing system was derogatorily deemed primitive and unscientific because of its ritualistic aspects, which were severely condemned. The activities of missionaries in the context of proselytism and colonial governmental policies entailed copious attempts to stifle and do away with the Yorùbá healing system. This study uses historical analysis to synchronize the factors that helped the Yorùbá healing system to survive in a threatening milieu, namely the pressures of western ideology. The study concludes that despite efforts by the propagators of western ideology, the Yorùbá healing system is still a highly favored form of healthcare in Yorùbáland.
Proverbs and African Modernity: Defining an Ethics of Becoming
Authors: Owomoyela Oyekan
Published: January 2022

African proverbs have, for good reason, attracted considerable attention from scholars, both African and non-African. One notable testimony to such attention is the international conference in South Africa from which came a monumental collection of scholarly articles now available on CD and in print. Another evidence of the interest the subject has enjoyed among African scholars is the wealth of publications they have produced in recent years, for example, Adeleke Adeeko’s monograph Proverbs, Textuality, and Nativism in African Literature; Ambrose Adikamkwu Monye’s Proverbs in African Orature: The Aniocha-Igbo Experience; Kwesi Yankah’s The Proverb in the Context of Akan Rhetoric: A Theory of Proverb Praxis; and my Yoruba Proverbs. In addition, there have been influential articles by Ayo Bamgbose, Lawrence. A. Boadi, Romanus N. Egudu, Kwame Gyekye, Yisa Yusuf, and a host of others whose omission from this rather abbreviated list is not meant as a slight. In a recent conversation, the preeminent paremiologist, Wolfgang Mieder, called my attention to the lineup of articles in the most recent issue of Proverbium [23: 2006], in which four of the five lead articles are by Nigerian scholars (Abimbola Adesoji, Bode Agbaje, George Olusola Ajibade, and Akinola Akintunde Asinyanbola) and on African proverbs, an indication, he said of the present effervescence of, and future potential for, proverb studies and publications on them on African soil. Because of these efforts we now know a good deal about proverbs as a cultural resource, their functionality and the protocols for their usage, but also their artistry-structure, wordplay, imagery, and so forth, especially after calls such as Isidore Okpewho’s (1992) that scholars pay due attention to the aesthetic dimensions of traditional oral forms.
Yorùbá Philosophy and Contemporary Nigerian Realities
Authors: Afolayan Adeshina
Published: January 2022

Beginning from Marx’s understanding of the relationship between philosophy and reality, this Introduction to the special edition of the Yoruba Studies Review explores the inevitable but complex relationship that exists between philosophy and its place. Specifically, it is grounded on the urgency of interrogating Nigeria’s postcolonial realities in the light of Yorùbá philosophical insights that, among other things, enable a rethinking of postcolonial social practices especially as sites of identity, agency, knowledge, objectivity, and even of resistance and power. Premised on the fundamental assumption that Yorùbá philosophy constitutes a fundamental site of scholarship within which the task of understanding and reinventing the Nigerian state and societies can be achieved, the Introduction weaves this assumption into the analysis of the fourteen essays that explores Nigeria’s postcolonial realities ranging from overpopulation, public (im)morality, ethnic conflict, injustice, and democratic deficit to environmental degradation, disability, depersonalization, youth culture, and a glaring disconnection between educational theory and practice.
Anchored in Justice: Yorùbá Philosophy and the Politics of a Diverse State
Authors: Gbadegesin Segun
Published: January 2022

As a major ethnic nationality in the multinational state cobbled together and christened by Lord Frederick Lugard, the Yoruba have been an integral part of the politics of the Nigerian diverse state since 1914. From the vicissitudes of the politics of nationalist struggles against colonial imposition to the politics of independence and nation-building, the core traditional values and philosophical outlook of each of the ethnic nationalities are discernible in their approaches to the issues that confront the new state. In this paper, I identify the core traditional values of the Yoruba nationality. I focus specifically on the Yoruba fascination with justice as a guiding principle as they relate to other nationalities in dealing with the issues that confront the new state. I argue that this fascination is not an arbitrary recourse in the politics of the new state. Rather, obsession with justice has been a defining feature of intra-Yoruba dealings from precolonial times to the present. To illustrate, I recount a few historical and mythical examples from the radical and unconventional social critics, Kọrú Ọjà, Ọpálábà and Aróhánrán of the Old Ọyọ Empire, to the historical Àare ̣ Kúrunmí of Ìjàyè. Finally, I highlight a few episodes in the political development of Nigeria and the role that the Yoruba obsession with justice has played in the political journey of the country.
Adapting Yorùbá Epistemology in Educational Theory and Practice in Nigeria
Authors: Adepoju Oluwatoyin Vincent
Published: January 2022

What is the value of Yoruba epistemology, theory of knowledge, particularly its philosophy of perception, to humanity in general, and to contemporary Nigeria, in particular? How does Yorùbá epistemology connect with educational theory and practice in Nigeria? This essay recognizes but goes beyond the more general overviews on classical Yoruba education and its contemporary significance represented in works of Yorùbá and Africanist scholars. I demonstrate the significance of Yoruba philosophy of education beyond its cultural context, by projecting its universal and timeless value, foregrounding its distinctive concepts in dialogue with ideas from other cultures. In its engagement with Nigerian educational dynamics, the essay concentrates, first, on Yoruba epistemology in its intersection with ethical and metaphysical perspectives from Yoruba thought. Second, the essay deploys the African art-centered investigations of the role of the senses in relating with art, understood as paradigmatic of navigating the world.
I am hated, therefore I am: The Enemy in Yorùbá Imaginary
Authors: Adelakun Abimbola
Published: January 2022

This essay will study how the Yorùbá conceptualize “ọ̀tá” or the enemy, a trope that recurs in various cultural phenomena such as music, prayers, and other social rituals. The Yorùbá worldview of the enemy has profound implications on the way they frame issues that affect their mental, physical, social, and general well-being. Health studies, religious studies, and social ethics studies and analyses have mostly tried to investigate the enemy as a concept borne out of Yorùbá cosmology which serves as a conduit for superstition, fear, and other seemingly irrational behavior. In this essay, I frame the concept of “ọ̀tá” through the theatrical dialectic of antagonist/protagonist theory. The enemy, I argue, is the way the Yorùbá metaphorize all kinds of antagonism—material and immaterial ones—into an imaginative texture that gives it the tangibility they need to triumph against those situations. This essay will interrogate how this personification of antagonism is achieved by studying Ifá texts, Yorùbá popular music of a period, and contemporary Pentecostal prayers.
Yorùbá Values and the Environment
Authors: Bẹwaji John Ayọtunde Iṣọla
Published: January 2022

This essay deploys Yorùbá ontology, epistemology and axiology to construct a Yorùbá ecological philosophy, or ecosophy. It argues that in contrast with the Judeo-Christian tradition of environmental anthropomorphic domination as the destiny of humanity or American pragmatism which encourages no stable traditions of values but what conduces to desired ends, the Yorùbá value system is by far more advanced in being more eco-respecting, eco-friendly and geared toward sustainable human habitation in a world in which he/she constitutes one small fraction of sentience. The essay developed around the responses to the following questions: a) What are values? b) How are values derived? c) Are there Yorùbá values? d) What is the environment? e) How are concepts of the environment derived? f) What is the relationship between values and the environment? g) What is the relationship between Yorùbá values and the environment? h) What are the inferences these have for one-health approach to the environment and sustainable human global co-existence?
Intertextuality in Selected Narrative Poems of Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí
Authors: Adejumo Arinpe , Akinseloyin Adefemi
Published: January 2022

The creative works of Adébáyọ Fálétí, a renowned literary writer in Yorùbá, ̀ have been the focus of literary critics. Notable among such are Olatunji (1982a; 1982b; 1982c), Ogunsina (1991), Ìṣọ̀lá (1998) and Adebowale (1999). These scholars have examined the issues of form, style and theme in Fálétí’s poetry. It has been established that Fálétí is a philosophical poet influenced by the historical, political, social and cultural contexts of the society that produced his poems. According to Olatunji (1982), “the oral poetic tradition of the Yorùbá constitutes the weft and woof of Fálétí’s poetic genius.” This attests to the claim that “no artist creates in a vacuum” (Agyekum, 2007:31). It could be deduced from the above position that there is an interplay between the text of Fálétí’s poetry and the context that produced it. Using intertextuality approach, this paper, therefore, examines the interplay of the text, context and the writer in selected poems of Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí with a view to determining the correlation between the Yorùbá oral poetic genres and the written form in Fálétí’s poetry and determining the continuity of the oral poetic genre in the written form. Fálétí’s biography has been discussed by Olatunji (1982). He was born at Agbóóyè in Ọyọ̀ ́ and had his elementary life on the farm, where he was exposed to the Yorùbá culture undiluted. He was a novelist, playwright, poet, scriptwriter and actor when alive. His works include Ọmọ Olókùn Ẹṣin, Thunderbolt, Baṣọrun Gáà, Fẹrẹ bí Ẹkùn, ̀ and Ogún Àwítẹ́lẹ. Fálétí’s works ̀ are greatly influenced by his family background because his father was a 120 Arinpe Adejumo and Adefemi Akinseloyin prominent member of the sàkàrá calabash beating oral poets and entertainers under Olatunji Kúdẹẹ̀ ̀fù in the court of Ọba Ṣiyanbọ́lá Oníkẹẹ̀ pé Ládìg ́ - bòlù I, the Aláàfin of Ọyọ̀ (1911-1944). Fálétí learnt a lot about narratives and ́ other techniques of rendition from his father’s poetic influence. There are also cases of intertextuality in his narrative poems and other literary works. Fálétí’s narrations and literary works are inspired by the tales he heard from his father, aunt and members of the larger family (Olatunji 1982). These influenced his narrative poems, as they reflect chronicles, heroism and expositions, which he borrowed from the Yorùbá oral poetic genre. Since oral poets are imbued with repertoires of praise poetry, legends, myths, proverbs, songs and history, Fálétí’s narrative poems are filled with the intertextuality of Yorùbá oral materials.
Bọlanle Awẹ: The Matriarch of Feminist History
Authors: Falola Toyin
Published: January 2022

At the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the University of Ibadan, famous historian, Professor Bọlanle Awẹ was conferred with a well-deserved honorary doctorate degree. For both Professor Awẹ and even Nigeria’s premier university, this great honor is a fitting tribute to mark the anniversary of the institution of learning that has been central to the intellectual history of Nigeria. The University of Ibadan has done well to select Professor Awẹ for this honor. Her earnestness and intelligence are beyond doubts. There is no gainsaying disputing her warmth, her magnetism. I have known her since the 1970s—she remains consistent in the exhibition of positive values, in the promotion of Yoruba culture, and the advancement of the scholarly enterprise.
Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí Dará Ilẹ
Authors: Ogundeji (Àtàrí Àjààkú) Adedotun
Published: January 2022

Àkàndé ìjí, Ọlọyẹ́ moyin òòò ́ Ojú kan ní í bíni Igba ní í woni dàgbà Ìwọ nìkàn, Elétùú, Ọdẹ orófó Mọlọyẹ́ moyin, Ọdẹ àdàbà ́ O jọgọrùn-ún baba fúnrúu wa ́ Ìwọ òjìnmí onímọ̀ àṣà àtèdè Ọ̀kàn ni mí lára òròmọdìẹ Tó ó kọ́ ní Fáfitì ẹlẹrankoòlúùbàdàn ́ Ọ̀kàn ni mi lára ọ̀jẹ̀ wẹwẹ ́ ́ olùwadìí Tó o bùn nímọ̀ mu Láti inú òdù àmù ikùn Baba onínúure, tó jàpapọ̀ baba ẹlòmíìn Baba mi, Pa-nílé-o-tó-roko Kò sí ká lọ ká bọ̀ lọrọ́ ̀ tirẹ Ìwọ lo pa, pa, pa Tó o pèyí tí í pa baálé rẹ ládìẹ jẹ o tó roko Kánmọ-ń-kíá lò ó dáni lóhùn ́ Ní gbogbo ọjọ́ tá a báwadìí wọ́dọ̀ rẹ Àkàndé, aráàjíléje
Ìrántí Alàgbà Fálétí (Àjíǹde Ẹlẹ́gbára)
Authors: Agbetuyi Olayinka
Published: January 2022

Adébáyọ, baba mi o! ̀ Ọtọ̀ ̀kùlú, Fálétí ni, ọkùnrin ogun Adébáyọ, baba mi o! ̀ Agùntáṣọọ́lò mi ọkùnrin ogun Adébáyọ, baba mi o! ̀ Bọ́bajíròrò lóde Ọyọ̀ ́ ọkùnrin orin Adébáyọ, baba mi o! ̀ Bọ́bagúnwà lóde Ọyọ̀ ́ ọkùnrin orin Ọtọ̀ ̀kùlú akéwì Ọba Ọyọ̀ ́ Aláàfin Adébáyọ, baba mi o! ̀ Ìmùlẹ̀ Àwíṣẹ Wándé Abímbọ́lá baba awo...
The “Africanization” of an African Diaspora Household: Toyin Falola and the Idea of Diasporic Home-Making
Authors: Jaiyeoba Babatunde , Afolayan Adeshina
Published: January 2022

This essay is an exercise in the interrogation of cultural globalization, and how the idea of transnationalism generates identity responses. The authors used the concept of home-making to examine how Toyin Falola deployed an aesthetic sensibility of African art as ideological dynamics for the personalization of his home situated in a suburb in Austin, Texas. The Africanization agenda that the Falola house operationalized points at the critical role that interior decoration can play in African diaspora homes. The project is crucial because it undermines the homogenizing reach of globalization that dislocates the sense of identity of an average African transnational migrant. In the Falola home, we confront an assemblage of aesthetic consciousness, dynamics of Africanity, and identity construction.
Diaspora and Syncretism: Marriage Rites in Yorùbá Homeland and Abroad
Authors: Lawore Olanike
Published: January 2022

The marriage institution is as old as the human race and is valued for companionship and procreation. The Yorùbá race accords great importance to this institution and has a distinctive manner of contracting its nuptials which underscores the sacredness it attaches to marriage. The importance attached to this union is evident in parents’ preparation even before the girl-child is born, including contracting a marriage proposal on her behalf. This marks the beginning of a long process that will eventually culminate in future marriage. As Yorùbá people are found all over the globe, the marital rites are transferred from the original soil to the diaspora, the result of which is the syncretic practices that are associated with marital practices abroad. This essay therefore engages in a comparative exercise, identifying marital rites in the diaspora that have maintained close ties with homeland and those that have diverged from them.
“East-West, West-East”: Cultural Transmission and Exchange of Yorùbá Religious Wood-Carvings between Ọ̀yó̩, Sábẹ and Ifè̩-Ana
Authors: Akande Abiodun Olasupo
Published: January 2022

In the early part of the 18th century, and at the height of its political power, the old Òyọ́ ̩ Empire established its hegemony over Sábẹ, Benin Republic, and new Yorùbá communities were founded in Sábẹ. Yorùbá communities also exist at Ifè̩-Ana in the Atakpame region of Togo. The Ifè̩-Ana Yorùbá were migrants from Ilé-Ifè between the 16 ̩ th and 18th centuries. In these new Yorùbá communities, the people continued with the worship of traditional Yorùbá religion and the use of wood-carvings for this worship. This study employs historical and ethnographic methods to establish the presence of traditional Yorùbá religion in Òyọ́ ̩, Sábẹ and Ifè̩-Ana. It then identifies and classifies extant Yorùbá wood-carving paraphernalia in the worship of Ifá, Ṣàngó, Egúngún, Gẹlẹdẹ, and Ìbejì that were transferred from Ò ́ yọ́ ̩ to Sábẹ and Ifè̩-Ana. The study observes a cultural interrelationship moving from east to west and west to east among the communities.
Water Symbolism in Yorùbá Folklore and Culture1
Authors: Ajibade George Olusola
Published: January 2022

Water is not only a physical substance; it is also an intrinsic part of peoples’ identity, cultural perception, religious beliefs and worldviews. Water is a relevant and a significant variable that is also germane to the understanding of Yorùbá peoples’ identity, culture and religion. Hence, this ethnographical and literary study examines the image of water in Yorùbá cosmology using folklore (oral texts) of the people as paradigms. It uses a field investigative method of research to elicit primary data from the people on the uses of water in diverse spheres of life. It supplements oral data with secondary data in the form of books, journal articles and archival materials. The data collected was analysed from the lenses of a hermeneutical-anthropological approach. The study found that water constitutes and creates cultural, social and religious identities among the Yorùbá people of southwestern Nigeria. In addition, it concludes that water represents one of the several ways through which the Yorùbá society can be best understood.
Olódumare and Esu in Yorubá Religious Thought
Authors: Igboin Benson Ohihon
Published: January 2022

Theological and philosophical debates on deities do not end easily; rather they open new vistas of understanding and further argumentation. In a previous work, I argued that there are two pairs of Olódumare and Es̩u in contemporary Yorubá religious thought and praxis. This conclusion was to navigate the extreme position that Olódumare and the Christian God have nothing in common. Although Segun Ogungbemi recently maintained the strict theological and moral differences between Olódumare and God using existential lens, he has not addressed the practical reality instantiated by the contemporary Yorubá diverse worshipers. Danoye Ogúntó̩lá-Láguda’s position on Olódumare and Es̩u is also slightly different from Ogúngbemí’s, although the former maintains a more practical posture. From their arguments I propose, in addition to my earlier two-pair argument that contemporary Yorubá may have four pairs of Olódumare and Esu: the first pair is autochtho ̩ - nous to the Yorubá, the second is Christian, the third Islamic, and the fourth, philosophical.
Tunde Kelani: The Man Exceeds the Frame
Authors: Falola Toyin
Published: January 2022

The extraordinary announcement, coming from the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, that ace filmmaker Kelani will now be based there as a Fellow is heartwarming. The news reveals the warmth and uniqueness of the University’s boundless imaginations and the humanistic vision of its Vice-Chancellor, Professor Kolawole Salako. The news of this deserving appointment follows on the heels of Kelani receiving the prestigious Leopold ́ Sédar Senghor Prize for African Cultural Creativity and Impact in July, 2019 at the annual TOFAC event at Babcock University. In that same month, he was also inducted into the American Oscars—the Academy of Motion Picture, Arts and Sciences. All of these accolades are well-deserved. Kelani has spent his career putting things—people, ideas, cultures, traditions, and ideologies—inside the cinematographic frame. It is a most exciting thing to see him too bursting out of every frame with all these multiple achievements that celebrate him Ìrókò!
Akin Ogundiran: The Historian and Archaeologist of Yoruba-Atlantic becomes Chancellor Professor at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Authors: Falola Toyin
Published: January 2022

I am pleased to share the good news that Professor Akin Ogundiran has been named Chancellor’s Professor at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. This distinguished title is a university-wide honor reserved for a full professor who has attained outstanding scholarly achievement in a professional field, and excelled in interdisciplinary research, teaching, and service in more than one department or college. He is the third professor in the university’s history to attain this distinguished rank—https://provost.uncc.edu/news/2019-10-28/ogundiran-receives-chancellors-professordesignation Professor Ogundiran has always been as exceptional as he was promising. He was a graduate of Obafemi Awolowo University where he bagged BA in Archaeology (First Class Honors) in 1988. This is where and when our interactions began, and that was where we sensed he was a student who would be greater than his teachers. We are proud of him, as one of the best students produced by Ife. He earned his M.Sc. in archaeology from the University of Ibadan in 1990. Ten years later, he received his doctorate in archaeology from Boston University. Within eight years, he became a professor of History and a major pillar in African Studies. In my book, The African Diaspora: Slavery, Modernity and Globalization, I devoted Chapter 10 to his oeuvre, stating in one of the key paragraphs that: 268 Toyin Falola In connecting West Africa to the Atlantic economy, Ogundiran is pointing to what could be characterized as the metabolic rift between supply and demand; African economies were on the supply side of the global division of labor that compelled them to produce for the Atlantic economy and, at the same time, to consume products from external sources. This division of labor, and the productive mechanism unleashed by the demand side, ultimately had implications for all aspects of institutions. Ogundiran has to grapple not only with the meaning of local history, but also with the definition of the world in which the local is situated against the background of rapidly changing events. And if, as he treats the local, he engages in issues around production and trade—as all his objects indicate—he is forced to engage in the understanding of how society relates to nature: that is, how humans ultimately relate to their environments, using and destroying them at the same time, and sometimes renewing them as well.
The Tongue, The Gong and the Song: Olú Ọbáfẹ́mi at 70
Authors: Falola Toyin
Published: January 2022

Now that the bird of songs dazzles us as it flies in the sky, let us clap our hands and pay homage to the carrier of our country’s light. In the tribe of words, the calabash of wisdom never misses. From the streets of this land to the world across, those who know the music of hope know the words weaved by you, Olú. You are the song, you are the gong. You are the dance that lifts our feet to the drumbeats of Àyángalú. Today we pay homage to the Anígilájé that entertains us with fecund lyrics from the home of music.

Ìbà We pay homage to the seer who cast his spell of light to map the future of our land. B’ọ́mọdé ò bá bá’tàn, á bárọ̀ọ́bá.
Poetic Utterances and Socio-Political Commitment in Ọbasa’s Poems
Authors: Adeyemi Lere
Published: January 2022

Yorùbá literary critics such as Olabimtan (1974a), Fo ̣ lọ runs ̣ ọ (1998), among ̣ others, have classified D. A. Obasá as a unique colonial poet whose poems ̣ were committed to the promotion of Yorùbá cultural heritage. Tus, a lot of critical works that exist on Obasa’s poems largely concentrate on the cultural ̣ and the philosophical dimensions with little or no focus on the socio-political commitment of the poet. The objective of this study therefore, was to examine the socio-political commitment of Obasa and his poetic utterances. The research methodology is descriptive. It is a corpus study or content analysis of the poetry books. Poems that are relevant to socio-political issues in the three books (Ìwé Kinni Awon Akéwì, ̣ Ìwé Kejì Awon Akéwì and ̣ Ìwé Kéta ̣ Àwoṇ Akéwì) were analyzed within the theory of Nativism. The major findings of the study were that: the selected poems have diverse socio-political themes as related to traditional politics, colonial politics, Yorùbá civil wars, first world war, migration and the need to remember one’s home or country; some of the poems were used as viable tool for political education; while others were essentially to ignite political consciousness in the readers. The paper concluded that Obasá was a committed poet who used his poetic utterances to disseminate, analyze, and educate the readers on the socio-political climate of colonial days. His non-violence ideological position in resolving socio-political issues is in consonance with the theory of Nativism and it is recommended for modern Yorùbá society and other African societies.
The Laws and Customs of the Yorùbá People by E.A. Ajisafe Moore (Undated, M. A. Ola Fola Bookshops, Abeokuta, Nigeria. 87 pages. Price $21.95 on Amazon.com)
Authors: Ojo Akinloye Ojo , Opia-Enwemuche Kingsley
Published: January 2022

The Laws and Customs of the Yorùbá People chronicles the prevalent customary practices and native laws of the Yorùbá people who have their ancestral home in South Western Nigeria and descendants in several cities around the world by virtue of forced and voluntary migrations. The book draws from extensive research – including painstaking collection of materials from several sub-groupings within the Yorùbá ethnic group. Ajisafe Moore acknowledges in the preface that the laws and customs of the Yorùbá people vary within the different Yorùbá sub-groupings. The book however sought to address customs and laws that are generally applicable across the entire Yorùbá ethnic group. It is not clear when The Laws and Customs of the Yoruba People (henceforth Laws and Customs) was actually published. The author’s reference in the preface to 1906 as the time when he commenced his research efforts for the book provides a first pointer to possible publication of the work in early twentieth century. Other sources such as the LitCaf Encyclopedia list laws and customs as being published in 1924, eight years after the publication of the first edition of Ajisafe Moore’s self-published work, History of Abeokuta in 1916 (reissued in 1948 and 1964 and now part of the United Kingdom’s Royal Collection Trust). James S. Coleman’s Nigeria: Background to Nationalism (1958) cites Laws and Customs as one of the “tribal and national histories of major ethnic groups” published in English in 1946 (Coleman, 1958: 327). Kash and Klare Bookshop, Lagos, Nigeria was listed as the publisher. Tis latter 320 Akinloye Ojo and Kingsley Opia-Enwemuche publication date of 1946 meant that Laws and Customs was a posthumous publication for Ajisafe Moore who passed away in 1940.