bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lehnswesen revisited: Dänemark als regionaler Sonder- oder europäischer Normalfall im Mittelalter? Aufgaben und Perspektiven der Forschung
Authors: Auge Oliver
Published: August 2022

Feudalism revisited: Denmark as a regional special or a European normal case in the Middle Ages? Research Tasks and Perspectives. In 1994, Susan Reynolds questioned the ideal type of the feudalism designed in the 19th and 20th centuries in her monograph “Fiefs and Vassals” fundamentally. While it has not been possible to refute Reynold’s theses entirely, some of their thrust could be taken from them by regional example studies. Apparently, there was a feudal system in the High Middle Ages, but with regional variants – not in the lawful pure form, as Heinrich Mitteis still held in the first half of the 20th century. The essay outlines the opportunities and perspectives of future mediaeval research on feudalism, using the promising regional case study of Denmark.
Ergänzungen zu „Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters und ihre Handschriften“
Authors: Oppitz Ulrich-Dieter
Published: August 2022

Addenda to ‚German medieval law Books and their manuscripts‘. This article presents newly discovered manuscripts and single leaves of German-language customary law books. It describes variations to the manusripts and single leaves listed in U.-D. Oppitz, “Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters”, vol. II, Cologne 1990.
Izutarō Suehiro (1888–1951), Uso no kōyō / Die Nützlichkeit der Lüge (1922)1)
Authors: Vogl Stefan
Published: August 2022

Izutarō Suehiro (1888–1951), Uso no kōyō The Utility of Lies (1922). This translation presents an essay by the influential professor for private law at Tokyo Imperial University, Izutarō Suehiro that gives some insight into the historical roots of modern Japanese civil law methodology as it highlights the shift in Japanese jurisprudence away from the so-called German ‘conceptual jurisprudence’. Rejecting the traditional formalistic application of rigid statutory law, which in Suehiro’s eyes forced judges regularly to resort to legal fictions and lies about the facts of a case in order to be able to deliver humane judgements, his new ‘Japan-compatible’ approach expected the judiciary to develop flexible case law, which would enable judges to achieve ‘concretely appropriate’ judgements. In this context the judiciary was no longer to assume litigants as rationally acting, self-concerned individuals in general, but to admit the possibility of irrational, altruistic etc. personalities and to adjust the application of law to these individual differences. This raises however concerns regarding the principle of equality before the law and the role of a democratically legitimated legislator.
Kompetenzorientierte Rechtsgeschichtsdidaktik
Authors: Hoffrogge Jan Matthias
Published: August 2022

Competencies and the Didactics of Legal History. Intended as an exploration, the article proves first by means of a textbook analysis that previous, rather scattered didactic considerations of legal history can be connected to models and categories of history didactics. Second, it makes a proposal to systematise learning goals in the field of legal history at the level of competencies. Third, it points out possibilities for improvement, research gaps, and questions that arise from the special perspective of history didactics.
General Health Care Utilization in the Past 3 Months Increased Recent and Routine HIV and STI Testing Among Male Sex Workers in Chennai, India
Authors: Lodge William , Thomas Beena , Biello Katie B. , Swaminathan Soumya , Reddy Balaguru Sangama , Navakodi Pandiaraga , Menon Sunil , Mayer Kenneth H. , Safren Steven A. , Mimiaga Matthew J.
Published: August 2022

In India, male sex workers (MSW) are among the most vulnerable populations at higher risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and may seek health care services less frequently. A community-based sample of 100 MSW in Chennai, India, completed a baseline assessment as part of a behavioral intervention to reduce the acquisition and transmission of HIV. MSW reported an average of 12.2 (SD = 17.7) condomless anal sex acts with male clients in the past month, yet only 48% accessed health care services in the past 3 months. In a multivariable model adjusted for relevant covariates, MSW who accessed health care services in the past 3 months were more likely to be tested for HIV/STIs and report routine HIV testing over the past 12 months. Future HIV prevention efforts among MSW in India should incorporate referrals for accessing general health care services and identify specific barriers to health care engagement among this group.
Milking It for All It’s Worth: The Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Maternal Nurturance, Lactation Quality, and Offspring Social Behavior
Authors: DeRosa Holly , Caradonna Salvatore G. , Tran Hieu , Marrocco Jordan , Kentner Amanda C.
Published: August 2022

Breastfeeding confers robust benefits to offspring development in terms of growth, immunity, and neurophysiology. Similarly, improving environmental complexity, i.e., environmental enrichment (EE), contributes developmental advantages to both humans and laboratory animal models. However, the impact of environmental context on maternal care and milk quality has not been thoroughly evaluated, nor are the biological underpinnings of EE on offspring development understood. Here, Sprague Dawley rats were housed and bred in either EE or standard-housed (SD) conditions. EE dams gave birth to a larger number of pups, and litters were standardized and cross-fostered across groups on postnatal day (P)1. Maternal milk samples were then collected on P1 (transitional milk phase) and P10 (mature milk phase) for analysis. While EE dams spent less time nursing, postnatal enrichment exposure was associated with heavier offspring bodyweights. Milk from EE mothers had increased triglyceride levels, a greater microbiome diversity, and a significantly higher abundance of bacterial families related to bodyweight and energy metabolism. These differences reflected comparable transcriptomic changes at the genome-wide level. In addition to changes in lactational quality, we observed elevated levels of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the hypothalamus of EE dams, and sex-dependent and time-dependent effects of EE on offspring social behavior. Together, these results underscore the multidimensional impact of the combined neonatal and maternal environments on offspring development and maternal health. Moreover, they highlight potential deficiencies in the use of “gold standard” laboratory housing in the attempt to design translationally relevant animal models in biomedical research.
Tau target identification reveals NSF‐dependent effects on AMPA receptor trafficking and memory formation
Authors: Prikas Emmanuel , Paric Esmeralda , Asih Prita R , Stefanoska Kristie , Stefen Holly , Fath Thomas , Poljak Anne , Ittner Arne
Published: August 2022

Microtubule‐associated protein tau is a central factor in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. However, the physiological functions of tau are unclear. Here, we used proximity‐labelling proteomics to chart tau interactomes in primary neurons and mouse brains in vivo. Tau interactors map onto pathways of cytoskeletal, synaptic vesicle and postsynaptic receptor regulation and show significant enrichment for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and prion disease. We find that tau interacts with and dose‐dependently reduces the activity of N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF), a vesicular ATPase essential for AMPA‐type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) trafficking. Tau‐deficient (tau−/−) neurons showed mislocalised expression of NSF and enhanced synaptic AMPAR surface levels, reversible through the expression of human tau or inhibition of NSF. Consequently, enhanced AMPAR‐mediated associative and object recognition memory in tau−/− mice is suppressed by both hippocampal tau and infusion with an NSF‐inhibiting peptide. Pathologic mutant tau from mouse models or Alzheimer's disease significantly enhances NSF inhibition. Our results map neuronal tau interactomes and delineate a functional link of tau with NSF in plasticity‐associated AMPAR‐trafficking and memory.
ECONOMIC EXPERIENCE OF MIGRANT WOMEN RESIDING IN GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA: A SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Raniga Tanusha , Fitshane Zimi
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the correlation between poverty and the economic experiences of undocumented migrant women residing in a community in Gauteng province, South Africa. Through using a qualitative methodology, we present evidence from interviews and a focus group conducted with 20 women who relate their experiences. Adopting a sustainable livelihood perspective, this article presents the biographical profiles of the women and discusses three themes: social capital influences, tapping into human capital skills, and access to financial capital. This article contributes to debates on promoting gender justice and sustainable livelihoods as a prerequisite for poverty alleviation in Africa. Keywords: economic experiences, migrant women, sustainable livelihoods, undocumented
EXPERIENCES OF GRANDMOTHERS LOOKING AFTER GRANDCHILDREN EXHIBITING DELINQUENT BEHAVIOURS IN HILL CREST LOCATION, ALICE TOWNSHIP, EASTERN CAPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Kang’ethe Simon , Mugedya Samuel , Nomngcoyiya Thanduxolo
Published: August 2022

Older persons face an array of challenges with regard to parenting a delinquent grandchild. The study adopted a qualitative approach with the use of an explorative and descriptive design, with data collected from in-depth interviews with grandparents, communities and probation officers. The study also adopted phenomenology as the specific research approach. Findings revealed that grandparents parenting their grandchildren face the pernicious experiences of grandchildren’s delinquency; financial challenges and poverty; and deterioration of their health and social life. This paper recommends that the government prioritise the grandparents’ vulnerability to address the delinquency of their grandchildren and ensure that they are freed from such a pernicious preoccupation. Policies should be developed to ensure that grandparents above the age of 60 years should not assume full custody of children, as they are also a vulnerable population. Keywords: aging, child welfare system, delinquency, entropic disorder, moral decadence
THE PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF FAMILIES DEALING WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HOLISTIC EMPLOYEE WELLNESS PROGRAMMES
Authors: Braaf Eldene , Roman Nicolette , Pharaoh Hamilton
Published: August 2022

Neglecting the significant role played by family members in the post-rehabilitation trajectory of substance abusers can pose a significant challenge in supporting intervention programmes in the workplace. This paper reports on a small-scale qualitative investigation that used focus group interviews with family members to explore their perceptions and experiences of being confronted with family members with substance use disorders. The findings are presented through three themes: 1) emotional burden; 2) coping and avoidance strategies; and 3) support needs of family members. Recommendations highlight how employee assistance programmes can provide a comprehensive suite of holistic support systems. Keywords: bio-ecological systems theory, concerned significant others, employee assistance programmes, occupational social work, substance use disorder
Gap junctions regulate the activity of AgRP neurons and diet-induced obesity in male mice
Authors: de Souza Gabriel O , Chaves Fernanda M , Silva Josiane N , Pedroso João A B , Metzger Martin , Frazão Renata , Donato Jose
Published: August 2022

Recent studies indicated an important role of connexins, gap junction proteins, in the regulation of metabolism. However, most of these studies focused on the glial expression of connexins, whereas the actions of connexins in neurons are still poorly investigated. Thus, the present study had the objective to investigate the possible involvement of gap junctions, and in particular connexin 43 (CX43), for the central regulation of energy homeostasis. Initially, we demonstrated that hypothalamic CX43 expression was suppressed in fasted mice. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we showed that pharmacological blockade of gap junctions induced hyperpolarization and decreased the frequency of action potentials in 50–70% of agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons, depending on the blocker used (carbenoxolone disodium, TAT-Gap19 or Gap 26). When recordings were performed with a biocytin-filled pipette, this intercellular tracer was detected in surrounding cells. Then, an AgRP-specific CX43 knockout (AgRPΔCX43) mouse was generated. AgRPΔCX43 mice exhibited no differences in body weight, adiposity, food intake, energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis. Metabolic responses to 24 h fasting or during refeeding were also not altered in AgRPΔCX43 mice. However, AgRPΔCX43 male, but not female mice, exhibited a partial protection against high-fat diet-induced obesity, even though no significant changes in energy intake or expenditure were detected. In summary, our findings indicate that gap junctions regulate the activity of AgRP neurons, and AgRP-specific CX43 ablation is sufficient to mildly prevent diet-induced obesity specifically in males.
A ‘new’ estrogen metabolite: an epoxide of estrone as a sulfated steroid
Authors: Raeside James I , Christie Heather L
Published: August 2022

Current heightened recognition of the importance of sulfated steroids led to the examination of conjugates in media from incubations of estrogens in tissues from the reproductive tract of stallions. Previously, we had reported a ‘new’ unidentified metabolite of estrone (E1) and [3H]-E1, located between 17β-estradiol (E2) and E1 reference standards on chromatography (HPLC) and identified tentatively as a stable 5α,6α-estrone epoxide. Stallion tissues were minced and incubated for 2 h with [3H]-E1 (1 × 106 cpm). Solid-phase extraction of unconjugated and conjugated steroids from media was followed by liquid scintillation counting (LSC), where radioactivity was mostly in the conjugate fractions (>80%). HPLC of conjugated steroids used an isocratic solvent system of acetonitrile/water (8:92) at 700 µL/min with detection by LSC. A radioactive peak between reference standards of E1 and E2 sulfates was examined, after solvolysis, in a second solvent system. Sulfated steroids yielded largely E1, whereas acid treatment of the unconjugated E1 epoxide had earlier formed 6α-OH-E1 almost exclusively. With sulfatase enzyme, at neutral pH, radioactivity was also seen mostly as E1 with trace amounts of polar material. Reduction with KBH4, however, led also to desulfation; radioactivity had alignment with E2 but even more had low retention times as for 6α/6β-OH-E2. These findings point to a different hydrolysis for desulfation; even more, they reveal an additional oxygen atom at C6 and are supportive of biological formation of 5α,6α-epoxides of E1 and E2. As possible alternatives to catechol estrogens, implicated in cancer, the ‘new’ estrogen metabolites and their sulfated forms may have special interest.
OxLDL induces the release of IL-1β from primed human endothelial and smooth muscle cells via different caspase -1-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Almansouri Majid , Patel Pooja , Chamberlain Janet , Francis Sheila
Published: August 2022

Atherosclerosis is characterised by abnormal lipid and cell accumulation within arterial layers that leads to disturbed blood flow. Modified cholesterol forms such as oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) enter cells altering their phenotype, triggering over-exuberant repair and arterial occlusion, myocardial infarction or stroke. We hypothesised that oxLDL enters vascular wall cells and induces interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, potentially via a caspase-1/NLRP3 mechanism. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and smooth muscle cells (HCASMC), isolated from different donors, were cultured and stimulated (primed) with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1α (10 ng/mL each, for 48 h), followed by incubation with human oxLDL (10–50 ug/mL) for up to 6 h. Inhibitors of caspase-1 (YVAD), NLRP3 (MCC950) and gasdermin D (disulfiram) were added 1 h before oxLDL. Cell lysates and culture supernatants were collected and analysed for IL-1β using ELISA. Microscopy imaging showed oxLDL entered stimulated cells and formed particles. OxLDL at 20 and 50 ug/mL induced the maximum release of IL-1β from stimulated HCASMCs and HCAECs, respectively, compared to control. Inhibition of either NLRP3, caspase-1 or gasdermin D significantly reduced the release of IL-1β (4-fold, P < 0.0001; 14-fold, P < 0.0001, 1.5-fold, P < 0.0003, respectively) in HCAEC. In contrast, in HCASMCs, only caspase-1 inhibition reduced the release of IL-1β (2.1-fold, P < 0.0001). HCAECs and HCASMCs elicited the release of IL-1β in response to the same stimulus via different mechanisms. In HCAECs, released IL-1β potentially exits via a GSDMD-induced membrane pore. These data suggest that caspase-1 or gasdermin D inhibition is likely to be effective vessel wall cell-specific strategies for the reduction of atherosclerosis.
Professional Training of Future Educators for the Usage of Ethnological-Aesthetic Means in Work with Children of Senior Preschool Age
Authors: Marchii-Dmytrash Tamara , Boryn Galyna
Published: August 2022

The relevance of professional training of future educators of IPE (institution of preschool education) for usage ethnological-aesthetic means in work with children is substantiated in the article. The concept of "means" is concretized and a complex of ethnological-aesthetic means, effective for the forming in preschool age children's ideas about culture, life, traditions, customs, rites of the Ukrainian people and aesthetic taste (folk toys, crafts and handicrafts, state and folk symbols, everyday life, arts and crafts) is proposed. Importance of involving senior preschool age children in folk crafts and handicrafts, arts, making folk toys is actualized, which promotes patriotism, development of personal qualities such as kindness, compassion, courage. The role of aesthetics of everyday life, state and national symbols in awareness of the beauty of the surrounding reality by child is determined. The paper suggests theoretical and methodological aspects of professional training of students for decorative drawing and decorative application classes (drawing and application of Easter eggs on planar forms, Yavoriv toys, exercises in elements of Hutsul and Petrykivka painting), making a folk toys from various materials (threads, fabric, hay, straw), modeling visits to a virtual museum in work with senior preschool age children; the importance of such classes for mental, speech development, preparation for schooling of senior preschool age children is substantiated. The pedagogical conditions for the effectiveness of the usage of ethnological-aesthetic means in the practice of institutions of preschool education are proposed. The authors emphasize the importance of training future educators to create an appropriate educational environment, develop skills to select tools and methods for work with children that would promote their creative attitude to the aesthetic development of reality, reflecting it in their own creative activities.
Readiness of Specialists in the Field of Education for Social Partnership: Inclusive Aspect
Authors: Chupakhina Svitlana , Skomorovska Iryna , Kyrsta Nataliia , Krul Larysa
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the problem of the main aspects of the readiness of education professionals for social partnership for the development of inclusive processes. The authors aimed at substantiating and exploring the main aspects of the social partnership of family and educational institution for the development of inclusion and revealing the features of the formation of readiness of teachers and parents for this process. It is established that the organization of systematic and scientifically-based and practice-oriented work, which is aimed at forming parents' ideas and skills in the field of family education, is important for improving parental competence. The principal features of the partnership are highlighted: the long-term nature of the interaction and mutual responsibility. It is determined that social partnership is an educational interaction between teachers and parents, which is characterized by a common attitude and coordination of actions aimed at the development of children and taking into account their individual characteristics and capabilities. The goal of the social partnership is to improve the quality of education for children with special needs in an inclusive space, which will be effective if all participants are coordinated, pool their resources and personal interests in developing competencies needed to make decisions about child development. It is proved that the implementation by teachers and parents of children with special needs of individual educational trajectories on the basis of partnership ensures the transition of participants in the educational process to a higher level of competence development in a favorable inclusive environment.
Development of the Problem of Health Education of Secondary Schools Students in Poland in the Research of Polish Scientists after 1989
Authors: Slyvka Larysa
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes some historical and pedagogical works of Polish scholars on the formation and development of health education for students of Polish secondary schools, written after 1989. The study is based on the chronological-subject principle of historiographical analysis of sources. The opinion is expressed that the research of scientists of the analyzed period clearly shows a systematic and consistent interest in reflections on solving the problem of health care through education and upbringing.The names of historical and pedagogical investigations, the authors of which are announced Vanda Bobrovska-Novak (pol. Wanda Bobrowska-Nowak), Aneta Boldyriev (pol. Aneta Bołdyrew), Ryshard Vashtyl (pol. Ryszard Wasztyl), Elzhbieta Vientskovska (pol. Elżbieta Więckowska), Barbara Voinarovska (pol. Barbara Woynarowska), Matsiei Demel (pol. Maciej Demel), Zbihnei Domoslavskyi (pol. Zbigniew Domosławski), Kazymyr Drahanskyi (pol. Kazimierz Dragański), Bozhena Zavadska (pol. Bożena Zawadzka), Teresa Zolkovska (pol. Teresa Ziołkowska), Eva Elzhbieta Kalamatska (pol. Ewa Elżbieta Kałamacka), Barbara Luchynska (pol. Barbara Łuczyńska), Yoanna Maikhzhyk-Mikula (pol. Joanna Majchrzyk-Mikuła), Barbara Morashevska (pol. Barbara Moraczewska), Monika Navrot-Borovska (pol. Monika Nawrot-Borowska), Valdemar Nadolskyi (pol. Waldemar Nadolski), Barbara Niedzhvidzka (pol. Barbara Niedźwidzka), Yan Nosko (pol. Jan Nosko), Mahdalena Patsorek (pol. Paciorek Magdalena), Barbara Pendrashevska-Soltys (pol. Barbara Pędraszewska-Sołtys), Malhozhata Poslushna (pol. Małgorzata Posłuszna), Bohdan Rok (pol. Bogdan Rok), Potr Slavinskyi (pol. Piotr Sławiński), Yoanna Torovska (pol. Joanna Torowska), Bozhena Urbanek (pol. Bożena Urbanek), Andzhei Felkhner (pol. Andrzej Felchner), Mahdalena Florek-Lushchki (pol. Magdalena Florek-Łuszczki), Potr Stanislav Franashek (pol. Piotr Stanisław Franaszek), Anna Tsishinska (pol. Anna Cisińska), Marchin Sherlie (pol. Marcin Szerle), Anna Shyliar (pol. Anna Szylar), Leonard Shymanskyi (pol. Leonard Szymański), Beata Shchepanska (pol. Beata Szczepańska), Zyhmunt Yavorskyi (pol. Zygmunt Jaworski), Ivona Yanitska (pol. Iwona Janicka), etc. It is concluded that Polish scholars of the “modern” historiographical period systematically consider rather long periods (centuries or even more) of health-preserving education of secondary school students, turning to the philosophical principles of consideration and interpretation of pedagogical realities. trace the general tendencies of the specified pedagogical process, allocate cyclic, linear, spiral, stage, civilizational and paradigmatic character of its development.
The Essence of the Information and Communication Culture of a Primary School Teacher
Authors: Lushchynska Olena
Published: August 2022

In the article the essence of the following concepts are analyzed and clarified: "culture" (education and upbringing level, as well as a field of competence or activity); "general culture" (a person’s general characteristics); "professional culture" (an integral characteristic of a person as a specialist which determines the level of his/her  qualifications and authority in the professional environment); "pedagogical culture" (embodied in professional activities and depends on the level of society development, the teacher’s competence); "information", "communication" (outlined in the spiritual and psychological context of the process of human communication, characterized by the essence and forms of psychological contact as well as influence; "information culture" (a holistic subsystem of the person’s general professional culture, an indicator of the level of modern teachers’ professional competence, manifested in the understanding and ability to perceive different information and use information technology to create own interactive space); "information and communication culture" (a substructure of pedagogical culture, integrating professional knowledge, skills and abilities to work in the information environment, communication activities, knowledge of professional ethics and aesthetics using the proposed and creating own information products for educational activities), etc. The essence of the information culture of the teacher is substantiated, which, according to the author, is an interconnected component of both the general culture and pedagogical culture, as well as the culture of society as a whole. The levels of information culture in the general context of digitalization of society, as well as the development of information and communication literacy of modern teachers are analyzed.

The author's materials from the dissertation "Formation of information and communication culture of future primary school teachers in the process of professional training" for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (2021) are used in the article.
Formation of Transversal Competencies in the Process of Future Primary School Teachers’ Training
Authors: Matvienko Olena , Popova Liudmyla
Published: August 2022

. The article updates the problem of professional training of future primary school teachers in the context of forming the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities. Different views of scientists on the content of the concepts of competency, competence and professional competency of pedagogical workers are considered. Ways of forming transversal competencies in the process of training future primary school teachers, the modern form of development of professional knowledge and communication, which in fact determines the urgency of finding optimal ways and means of its implementation at the current stage, are considered. The lack of systematic scientific and methodological support determines the relevance of the study of transversal competences in the preparation of future primary school teachers in the modern system of international educational professional training. An attempt was made to analyze the main trends of reforming professional education in the European educational space (Romania, Bulgaria, Ireland, Finland, Portugal, etc.). It also actualizes the need to study and use the experience of foreign countries, taking into account the specifics of domestic realities, and to make a comparative analysis of the theory, methodology and organization of future primary school teachers training in the context of modernization of the education system in Ukraine.
The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Environmental Education
Authors: Lisnik Anton , Parczewski Rafał
Published: August 2022

The article substantiates the urgency of the problem of ecology, environmental protection, development of environmental awareness of the world population. Environmental education is a process that should be implemented at each level of education. It is proved that public awareness of environmental protection is an important element in the process of globalization. The increasing amount of waste caused also by the COVID-19 pandemic creates many threats to the environment. The authors believe that continuous increasing of human awareness is possible by means of staff, teachers, vocational training, and the various information campaigns implementation. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles can support activities conducted by schools or other educational institutions dealing with ecological issues in Poland. Through specialized functionalities, drones can effectively show the existing threats to the natural environment. This type of activity may contribute to the visualization of pollution, fires, floods, or other dangerous environmental phenomena. It is emphasized that photos or videos data can be used in the general education system.  The possibilities of primary and general secondary education in the formation of ecological knowledge and skills of children and youth are determined. The analysis of the content of the curriculum for Polish schools, including lessons in geography, biology, technology, chemistry, ethics, basics of entrepreneurship, and others, on their environmental orientation was carried out.  Emphasis is placed on the necessity to improve teachers’ skills, their non-formal education by means of environmental seminars, training, workshops, etc.
Mind Maps as a Tool for Visualization and Structuring of Linguistic and Literary Material in the Process of Teaching Students
Authors: Kachak Tetiana , Kachak Khrystyna
Published: August 2022

The article reveals the peculiarities of the use of mental maps as a tool for visualization and structuring of linguistic and literary material in the process of teaching pedagogic students geared (“Primary Education”, “Philology”). The purposes of use, principles of creation, the maintenance of mental maps are outlined. The main purposes of their use are:  systematization and structuring of educational information; analysis of the content of the submitted material; development of skills in working with primary and secondary information; formation of students’ skills of generating ideas; encouragement of independent critical, associative, logical, creative thinking; motivation and concentration increase. In the form of mental maps, you can work out a lecture or practical lesson on “Children’s Literature and methods of teaching literary reading", prepare a presentation of the writer’s work or analysis of the work, develop a methodological model of the lesson. In foreign language classes the mental maps can be used to generate associations at the initial stage of elaboration of the topic; systematization of vocabulary according to morphological or semantic criteria; structuring information obtained from certain media; visualization of grammatical rules and regularities; presentation of strategies for listening, speaking, reading, and writing. It is noted that the use of mental maps in the educational process contributes to the increase of students’ motivation and interest, activation of their cognitive, creative and mental activities.
An Educational Setting to improve Students’ Understanding of Fundamental Computer Architecture Concepts
Authors: Kyriakou Christina , Gogoulou Agoritsa , Grigoriadou Maria
Published: August 2022

This paper presents an educational setting that attempts to enhance students’ understanding and facilitate students’ linking-inferencing skills. The proposed setting is structured in three stages. The first stage intends to explore students’ prior knowledge. The second stage aims to help students tackle their difficulties and misconceptions and deepen their understanding of the topics under study. This is attempted through individual student engagement in suitably-designed activities and relative feedback. As recorded in previous research, students’ difficulties feedback on the material development. The third stage of the educational setting exploits social interaction to help students reorganize their knowledge of the concepts under study. The web-based application of the proposed educational setting indicated improvement in first-year Computer Science (CS) students’ understanding of fundamental Computer Architecture concepts and progress in students’ linking-inference skills. These results encourage integration in the instructional process of interventions designed according to the proposed setting in order to support and enhance students’ understanding of troublesome concepts and their interrelations.
Philosophical understanding of prospects of the codification of language as a factor of science development
Authors: KUBALSKYI Oleh
Published: August 2022

The codification of language has both its advantages and disadvantages, both its prospects and its limitations. It is possible to determine this not from linguistic, but from meta-scientific, namely philosophical positions. At the heart of the codification procedure is the creation of specialized dictionaries based on a particular national language. The language of science is also always built on the basis of a certain national language — even if this language later serves as the language of international scientific communication (for example, English). At the same time, codification of the language of science should reproduce the most significant resources of natural language as a symbolic system, as well as develop the institutional potential of science based on the capabilities of language as an institution. The codification of language of science should perform three main functions: descriptive-classification, system-legitimation and projective-predictive. The language of science is the embodiment of the symbolic universe studied by social phe- nomenologists Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, and at the same time must correspond to the four main functions of the system of action, which were distinguished by Talcott Parsons. Codification is a relentless process that reflects and stimulates the development of language as a symbolic system, the meaning of which is set by specific language practices. The language of science is a set of all language practices of scientists in various fields, these practices must be harmonized through the codification of the language of science, while they constantly stimulate the renewal of codification of the language of science. It should be done through the creation of new practices and new scientific objects — and through the extrapolation of the application of existing terminology to new scientific fields as well.
Overview of modern philosophy of science
Authors: Gabovich Oleksandr , Kuznetsov Volodymyr
Published: August 2022

Varieties of modern philosophies of mathematical and natural sciences are represented. Specific features of those sciences are analyzed on the basis of graph classifications of the respective philosophies. The importance of reconstructions of practical theories is emphasized for all kinds of philosophies of science used by them. The first part outlines the purpose of the article and considers subject and theoretical, the se- cond — evaluative, nominal, theoretical-reconstructive and linguistic-reconstructive classifica- tions of philosophies of science. The conclusions are made about the problematic application of these classifications to the philosophies of social sciences and humanities.
Directions of using technologies of machine training in the military sphere
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, V litvin , R Peleshchak ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Creating the Ukrainian Artificial Intelligence Strategy is undoubtedly a pivotal task, especially for reconnaissance and combat operations. Machine learning technologies are considered, including deep learning for detection, analysis, identification of landmines and multispectral images, missiles and other aircraft, hybrid models that use adaptive coding techniques and neural networks, recognition of spatial images in the spectral range.
Intellectual property and artificial intelligence: who is the author?
Authors:   Research Institute of Intellectual Property of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, G Androshchuk
Published: August 2022

The economic and legal aspects of the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, their influence on scientific and inventive activity are studied. The role of protection of intellectual property (IP) - (patent and copyright) in different economies and jurisdictions in ensuring the balance of competing interests, identifies existing problems and identifies ways to solve them. AI is seen as one of the most important dual-use technologies, a new challenge for the economy and the legal system, a new phenomenon that has a multiplier effect, a legal phenomenon in the structure of legal relations, a new object for legal regulation. AI is able to generate and create various works - science, literature and art. These circumstances raise problems of recognition of authorship, the possibility of authors to dispose of their rights and their use of mechanisms for legal protection of IP objects. The main provisions of the Resolution of the European Parliament of October 20, 2020 on intellectual property rights in the development of artificial intelligence technologies (2020/2015 (INI)), the Resolution of the International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (AIPPI) 2020 on the inventory of inventions using AI. The analysis of the legislative and law enforcement practice of the European Patent Office (EPO), the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the UK Intellectual Property Office (UKIPO), regional and international documents on the regulation of AI and IP, provides an opportunity to form a unified approach to interpretation of the criteria of protection of the results of AI activities in different jurisdictions, to apply the mechanisms of legal protection of IP objects in the national legislation, emphasizes the importance of IP policy for national security
Contextual and ontological aspects of decision-making
Authors:   V.M. Glushkov Institute of cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine, Y Chaplinskyy , O Subbotina ,   V.M. Glushkov Institute of cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: August 2022

The actuality of the usage of decision-making approach based on the ontologies and context is shown. The actuality of the implementation of the aspects system for decision-making is considered. The known approaches to the use of aspects of decision-making are analyzed. A ontologies which describe the context and its implementation for specific decision-making tasks is considered. The aspects ontology and its components for decision-making are presented. The main characteristics of the aspects system and dimensions of consideration are presented.
Trabalhar imagens, reparar o visível
Authors: Almeida Gabriela Machado Ramos de , Marconi Dieison
Published: August 2022

Esse artigo, de caráter especulativo, ensaia uma aproximação entre as noções de política da imagem, formulada por Jacques Rancière, e prática reparadora, de Eve Sedgwick. Defendemos que a política da imagem, ao liberar-se da dimensão da denúncia e do conteúdo prescritivo orientado para causar indignação no espectador, pode ser qualificada como uma prática reparadora. O trabalho apresenta dois movimentos: o primeiro busca estabelecer relações entre o que Sedgwick considera uma postura paranoica assentada na “hermenêutica da suspeita” e o regime representativo da imagem descrito por Rancière. Em seguida, explora a proposição da política da imagem como prática reparadora refletindo sobre os modos como a imagem pode estar aberta à indeterminação, ao dissenso e a formas outras de organização do visível, do audível e do dizível. Como desdobramento desses dois movimentos, é apresentada uma análise breve do filme Os últimos românticos do mundo (Henrique Arruda, 2020), obra queer que produz um gesto de reparação concedendo prazeres visuais e produzindo uma rasgadura provisória no que tradicionalmente se concebeu como imagem política.
A practical search with Voronoi distributed autonomous marine swarms
Authors:   , Evans Nicholas C.
Published: August 2022

The search for underwater threats in littoral regions is a problem that has been researched for nearly a century. However, recent developments in autonomy and robotics have made this issue more complex. The advent of capable autonomous underwater vehicles presents a 21st century flare to this traditional problem. These vehicles can be smaller, quieter, and expendable. Therefore, new methods and tactics used to detect and track these vehicles are needed. The use of a swarm of marine robots can increase the likelihood of uncovering these threats. This thesis provides various Voronoi partition-based methods to autonomously control a swarm of identically capable autonomous surface vessels in a limited coverage and tracking problem. These methods increase the probability of interdiction of an adversary vehicle crossing a defined region. The results achieved from Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate how different protocols of swarm movement can improve detection probability as compared to a stationary swarm provided the detection capability does not change. The swarm control algorithms are employed on Clearpath Heron USVs to validate the autonomy algorithms.
Scenario as one of the components of the concept representation (based on the concept "feast")
Authors: Kallaur Valentina , Grebennikova Irina
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the scenario component of the concept of "feast", along with the figurative one, characterizes the specific and at the same time universal concept of "feast" in the Korean language. Various cognitive models are mentioned, such as concepts, frames, and scenarios. Various definitions of the concept "concept" and methods of implementing the scenario concept are given. Based on the material of the national Korean holidays, the so-called "four tables", the authors presented a model of the concept of "feast", revealing the key moment in holding a feast. The aim of the study was to identify the role of the script in the concept with the help of the national corpus of the Korean language. More than 50 replicas taken from the national corpus of the Korean language, containing the stages of the "feast", served as the material for the study. The article reveals the details of the rituals and stages of the feast in each of the four tables from the point of view of the study of the language. The authors of the article reveal aspects of the functioning of a part of the Korean language in the context of ensuring the possibility of expressing the emotional factor in the development of the lexical picture. The article reveals the relationship between the Korean language and Korean culture. In terms of the implementation of the Korean language, the possibility of using a certain type of vocabulary during rituals and a number of additional rituals is determined. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to describe a fragment of the Korean language picture of the world on the basis of the concept of "feast" from the point of view of cognitive cultural linguistics, as well as the importance of describing the Korean language using modern research methods. The authors of the article believe that due to its specificity, the concept of "feast" requires a detailed linguistic study of the phenomenon of its customs and rituals
The current state of the national profile applied sociology as an indicator of the development of physical culture and sports science in Russia
Authors: Peredelsky Alexey , Ivanov Vitaly , Pyzhak Kristina
Published: August 2022

The article contains a brief analysis of the difficulties and problems of the development of the sociology of sports abroad and in our country. The article considers the situation with certain measures to displace applied profile sociology undertaken in some Russian physical culture and sports universities in the modern period. As a possible explanation of the reasons for the unfavorable policy regarding the sociology of physical culture and sports and, nevertheless, to prove the prospects of including applied concrete sociological research in the organization of educational and research practice in the field of physical culture and sports in Russia, the materials of the plenary report at the International Congress dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the RSUPESY&T (Russian state university of physical education, sport, youth and tourism) are positioned. The text of the article contains references to the fundamental works performed by teachers, undergraduates and applicants of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of this university over the past 10 years, which formed the basis of this report. The references show the problems facing modern profile science, as well as the results of specific sociological research (CSI) on this issue. In addition, some of the sports-specific areas of the department's work with the use of CSI are briefly reflected.
Preços relativos e concentração na indústria brasileira: análise das fases de expansão e retração da atividade econômica de 1974 a 1994
Authors: SATO CLAUDIO SEIJI
Published: August 2022

RESUMO Este artigo examina o comportamento do preço relativo da indústria brasileira nas fases de expansão e retração do nível de atividade econômica entre 1974-1994. Os resultados sugerem que os preços relativos do setor oligopolista aceleram mais (menos) em períodos de recessão (expansão) do que o setor competitivo. A principal conclusão é que, dado o comportamento diferenciado no preço e a baixa concorrência da maioria da indústria brasileira, é provável que o resultado da recessão de uma política econômica restrita seja absorvido pelo setor competitivo “a favor” do setor oligopolista.
Industrial success and government intervention: searching for the links
Authors: MOREIRA MAURICIO MESQUITA
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT The superiority of industrial performance in East Asian countries, particularly in the face of their counterparts in Latin America, had a strong impact on the debate about the relationship between state intervention and industrial performance. The structuralist paradigm was quickly replaced by a new orthodoxy whose recipe for success is a minimalist state and an open economy. This article seeks to show that, although the opening of the economy is a fundamental ingredient, its complement is not a minimalist state, but an interventionist one. Not the Latin American type, but one that restricts its actions to major market failures.
Ajuste empresarial, empregos e terceirização
Authors: AMADEO EDWARD J. , SCANDIUZZI JOÃO CARLOS , PERO VALÉRIA
Published: August 2022

RESUMO Este artigo analisa o impacto da subcontratação no mercado de trabalho e a ineficiência que pode resultar dele. A subcontratação está parcialmente associada ao aumento no emprego de serviços e à diminuição no emprego na indústria no início dos anos 90. Assim, a subcontratação pode diminuir a qualidade do emprego e os incentivos à acumulação de capital humano, uma vez que os serviços tendem a valorizar menos o capital humano do que a manufatura e têm relações de trabalho mais informais e instáveis. Esse cenário pode se deteriorar se as empresas subcontratadas enfrentarem restrições de crédito. Devido à existência de externalidades, o investimento em capital humano seria sub-ótimo, mesmo que as empresas contratadas estivessem dispostas a investir nas empresas subcontratadas.
Um pouco além de Thomas Kuhn Da história do pensamento econômico à história da ciência econômica
Authors: EARP FÁBIO SÁ
Published: August 2022

RESUMO Este artigo sugere uma revitalização da História do Pensamento Econômico pela adoção de novos métodos no moderno estudo das ciências. Ele mostra os novos horizontes abertos por essa abordagem, que tem suas origens na obra clássica de Kuhn. Ele termina dando como exemplo um estudo de caso baseado na teoria ator-rede.