bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients With Asthma: A Genetic Association Study Using Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Yan Jiyuan , Zhang Yi , Zhang Xiaofei , Chen Ge , Wei Daiqing , Duan Ke , Li Zheng , Peng Lin , Liu Jialin , Li Zhong , Liu Yanshi
Published: July 2023

Objective

Observational studies have explored the association between asthma and some types of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, but the results are largely contradictory. We aimed to investigate the causal effects of asthma on arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and ankylosing spondylitis.

Methods

Two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to investigate the causal effects of asthma on each arthritis. The genetic instruments for asthma were obtained from a large genome‐wide association study of asthma. The inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analysis of MR. Bonferroni‐adjusted P value threshold was used to account for multiple comparisons.

Results

MR‐IVW analysis suggested that adult‐onset asthma (AOA) was associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. The odds ratio for rheumatoid arthritis associated with AOA and childhood‐onset asthma (COA) were 1.018 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.011–1.025; P < 0.001) and 1.006 (95% CI 1.001–1.012; P = 0.046), respectively. For osteoarthritis, gout, or ankylosing spondylitis, all the MR analyses showed no significant causal effects of AOA or COA on them. We also performed a reverse MR analysis to explore the causal effects of rheumatoid on all asthma, allergic asthma, or nonallergic asthma and found no significant causal effects on them.

Conclusion

Genetically predicted AOA predisposes patients to an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis but has no causal effects on osteoarthritis, gout, and ankylosing spondylitis. The result of COA on rheumatoid arthritis is suggestive of potential causal relationship but needs to be confirmed in further studies.

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A Core–Shell Nanoreinforced Ion‐Conductive Implantable Hydrogel Bioelectronic Patch with High Sensitivity and Bioactivity for Real‐Time Synchronous Heart Monitoring and Repairing
Authors: Shen Si , Zhang Jie , Han Yanni , Pu Chunyi , Duan Qixiang , Huang Jianxing , Yan Bing , You Xintong , Lin Rurong , Shen Xiaoxi , Qiu Xiaozhong , Hou Honghao
Published: July 2023

To achieve synchronous repair and real‐time monitoring the infarcted myocardium based on an integrated ion‐conductive hydrogel patch is challenging yet intriguing. Herein, a novel synthetic strategy is reported based on core–shell‐structured curcumin‐nanocomposite‐reinforced ion‐conductive hydrogel for synchronous heart electrophysiological signal monitoring and infarcted heart repair. The nanoreinforcement and multisite cross‐linking of bioactive curcumin nanoparticles enable well elasticity with negligible hysteresis, implantability, ultrahigh mechanoelectrical sensitivity (37 ms), and reliable sensing capacity (over 3000 cycles) for the nanoreinforced hydrogel. Results of in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that such solely physical microenvironment of electrophysiological and biomechanical characteristics combining with the role of bioactive curcumin exert the synchronous benefit of regulating inflammatory microenvironment, promoting angiogenesis, and reducing myocardial fibrosis for effective myocardial infarction (MI) repair. Especially, the hydrogel sensors offer the access for achieving accurate acquisition of cardiac signals, thus monitoring the whole MI healing process. This novel bioactive and electrophysiological‐sensing ion‐conductive hydrogel cardiac patch highlights a versatile strategy promising for synchronous integration of in vivo real‐time monitoring the MI status and excellent MI repair performance.
Enzyme‐free photothermally amplified fluorescent immunosorbent assay (PAFISA) for sensitive cytokine quantification
Authors: Li Dian , He Wei , Lin Xuyan , Cui Xiaodong , Nagl Stefan , Wu Angela Ruohao , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Wu Renhua , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2023

Cytokine monitoring has attracted great attention due to its significance in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, such as tumors, microbial infections, and immunological diseases. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most popular methods in cytokine detection, ascribing to the lavish signal amplification methods in the ELISA platform. In addition to classical enzymes, other signal amplifiers such as fluorescent probes, artificial nano‐enzymes, and photothermal reagents have been applied to reduce the detection limit and produce more sensitive ELISA kits. Due to the accumulative effect of heat, photothermal reagents are promising materials in the signal amplification of ELISA. However, the lack of efficient photothermal generation material at an aggregate scale may delay the further development of this area. In this contribution, based on an efficient organic photothermal aggregate material, an enzyme‐free photothermally amplified fluorescent immunosorbent assay system consisting of an assay microfluidic chip and detecting platform was developed. The photothermal nanoparticles with highly efficient photothermal conversion by harvesting energy via excited‐state intramolecular motions and enlarging molar absorptivity were successfully prepared. The detection concentration at 50 pg/mL of interleukin‐2 was achieved, realizing a signal improvement of detection limits by 20‐fold compared to that of previously reported photothermal ELISA. The microscopic imaging integrated with plane sweeping technology provided high spatial resolution and precision, indicating the potential of achieving high throughput profiling at the microscale. Moreover, as an alternative excitation source, light‐emitting diode not only provided a more affordable and miniaturized detection system but also revealed the great feasibility of intramolecular motion‐induced photothermy nanoparticles for biological analyses.
Safety and efficacy of jaktinib (a novelJAKinhibitor) in patients with myelofibrosis who are relapsed or refractory to ruxolitinib: Asingle‐arm,open‐label, phase 2, multicenter study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Qike , Liu Qingchi , Dang Huibing , Gao Sujun , Wang Wei , Zhou Hu , Chen Yuqing , Ma Liangming , Wang Jishi , Yang Haiping , Lu Binhua , Yin Hewen , Wu Liqing , Suo Shanshan , Zhao Qingwei , Tong Hongyan , Jin Jie
Published: July 2023

Ruxolitinib has demonstrated efficacy in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). However, substantial number of patients may not respond after 3–6 months of treatment or develop resistance over time. In this phase 2 trial, patients with a current diagnosis of intermediate or high‐risk MF who either had an inadequate splenic response or spleen regrowth after ruxolitinib treatment were enrolled. All patients received jaktinib 100 mg Bid. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with ≥35% reduction in spleen volume (SVR 35) at week 24. The secondary endpoints included change of MF‐related symptoms, anemic response, and safety profile. From July 6, 2021, to January 24, 2022, 34 ruxolitinib‐refractory or relapsed patients were enrolled, 52.9% (18 of 34) were DIPSS intermediate 2 or high risk. SVR 35 at week 24 was 32.4% (11 of 34, 95% CI 19.1%–49.2%) in all patients and 33.3% (6 of 18, 95% CI 16.3%–56.3%) in the intermediate 2 or high‐risk group. A total of 50% (8 of 16) transfusion‐independent patients with hemoglobin (HGB) <100 g/L at baseline had HGB elevation ≥20 g/L within 24 weeks. Furthermore, 46.4% (13 of 28) of patients had a ≥ 50% decrease in the total symptom score (TSS 50) at week 24. The most common grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were thrombocytopenia (32.4%), anemia (32.4%), and leukocytosis (20.6%). In total, 13 (38.2%) of 34 patients had serious adverse events (SAE), of which drug‐related SAEs were found in 5 patients (14.7%). These results indicate that jaktinib can be a promising treatment option for patients with MF who have either become refractory to or relapsed after ruxolitinib treatment.
Spatially Directed Pyrolysis via Thermally Morphing Surface Adducts
Authors: Du Chuanshen , Gregory Paul , Jamadgni Dhanush U. , Pauls Alana M. , Chang Julia J. , Dorn Rick W. , Martin Andrew , Foster E. Johan , Rossini Aaron J. , Thuo Martin
Published: July 2023

Combustion is often difficult to spatially direct or tune associated kinetics—hence a run‐away reaction. Coupling pyrolytic chemical transformation to mass transport and reaction rates (Damköhler number), however, we spatially directed ignition with concomitant switch from combustion to pyrolysis (low oxidant). A ‘surface‐then‐core’ order in ignition, with concomitant change in burning rate,is therefore established. Herein, alkysilanes grafted onto cellulose fibers are pyrolyzed into non‐flammable SiO2 terminating surface ignition propagation, hence stalling flame propagating. Sustaining high temperatures, however, triggers ignition in the bulk of the fibers but under restricted gas flow (oxidant and/or waste) hence significantly low rate of ignition propagation and pyrolysis compared to open flame (Liñán's equation). This leads to inside‐out thermal degradation and, with felicitous choice of conditions, formation of graphitic tubes. Given the temperature dependence, imbibing fibers with an exothermically oxidizing synthon (MnCl2) or a heat sink (KCl) abets or inhibits pyrolysis leading to tuneable wall thickness. We apply this approach to create magnetic, paramagnetic, or oxide containing carbon fibers. Given the surface sensitivity, we illustrate fabrication of nm‐ and μm‐diameter tubes from appropriately sized fibers.
The postcranial anatomy of the saurolophine hadrosaurid Laiyangosaurus youngi from the upper cretaceous of Laiyang, Shandong, China
Authors: Zhang Jialiang , Wang Xiaolin , Jiang Shunxing , Li Guobiao
Published: July 2023

Laiyangosaurus youngi was erected as a saurolophine hadrosaurid on the basis of several cranial elements from the Jingangkou Formation, Wangshi Group, Upper Cretaceous of Laiyang, Shandong, China. The postcranial elements of this taxon are described in detail here, providing additional postcranial characteristics to L. youngi. The phylogenetic analysis included postcranial elements of L. youngi, indicating that L. youngi still lies in the Edmontosaurini clade and no more supplement of postcranial autapomorphy. However, three new postcranial autapomorphies can help distinguish L. youngi from other members of Edmontosaurini: a poorly expanded deltopectoral crest of the humerus, a brevis shelf at the base of the postacetabular process of the ilium, and a well‐defined medioventral ridge on the medial side of the postacetabular process. This study is to increase our knowledge on the anatomy and phylogeny of hadrosaurids of Edmontosaurini and provide new valuable evidence for discussing on the taxonomic position and validity of hadrosauroids in the Laiyang Hadrosauroid Fauna.
Biomaterials for in situ cell therapy
Authors: Wang Chang , Wang Siyu , Kang Diana D. , Dong Yizhou
Published: July 2023

Cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of various diseases, such as cancers, genetic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Currently, most cell therapy products rely on ex vivo cell engineering, which requires sophisticated manufacturing processes and poses safety concerns. The implementation of in situ cell therapy holds the potential to overcome the current limitations of cell therapy and provides a broad range of applications and clinical feasibility in the future. A variety of biomaterials have been developed to improve the function and target delivery to specific cell types due to their excellent biocompatibility, tunable properties, and other functionalities, which provide a reliable method to achieve in vivo modulation of cell reprogramming. In this article, we summarize recent advances in biomaterials for in situ cell therapy including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and stem cells reprogramming leveraging lipid nanoparticles, polymers, inorganic materials, and other biomaterials. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of biomaterials for in situ cell therapy.
Muscular and hepatosplenic candidiasis in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Jahanshahi Amirreza , Nami Sanam , Hosein Pour Feizi Abbas Ali , Alihosseini Samin , Jaberinezhad Mehran , Abdollahi Mirsaeed , Rahimi Faezeh , Falahatian Masih
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

Muscular and subcutaneous candidiasis is a rare entity in immunocompromised patients, but it should be kept in mind when we see multiple cystic soft tissue masses in addition to target‐shaped hepatosplenic lesions in neutropenic patients. US and MRI are useful imaging modalities for the diagnosis and follow‐up of these patients.

Soft tissue candidiasis is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients and must always be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. In this case report, the patient is a 14‐year‐old boy with acute myeloid leukemia M3‐type who presented with numerous soft tissue and hepatosplenic candidal abscesses.
Large Eddy Simulation of Bubble Column Bubbly Flow Considering Subgrid‐Scale Turbulent Diffusion Effects and Bubble Oscillation
Authors: Long Shanshan , Yang Xiaogang , Yang Jie , Sommerfeld Martin , Xue Chenyang
Published: July 2023

Through Euler/Euler large eddy simulation (LES) modeling, it is demonstrated that turbulent dispersion of bubbles can effectively indicate the impact of turbulent eddies on the bubble dynamics, i.e., the bubble oscillation behavior. This finding builds on previous work using the Euler/Lagrange LES modeling approach and leads to a significant improvement in predicting bubble lateral dispersion. Spatially filtered terms were proposed for the subgrid‐scale (SGS) turbulent dispersion and added mass stress force models, with a modification made to the SGS eddy viscosity to reflect bubble turbulent dispersion and oscillations. The proposed model substantially improves the prediction of bubble volume fraction distribution, bubble and liquid phase velocity profiles, the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum, and mass transfer.
Photoinduced NiH Catalysis with Trialkylamines for the Stereodivergent Transfer Semi‐Hydrogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Hu Tingjun , Jaber Mohammad , Tran Gaël , Bouyssi Didier , Monteiro Nuno , Amgoune Abderrahmane
Published: July 2023

We report a selectivity‐switchable nickel hydride‐catalyzed methodology that enables the stereocontrolled semi‐reduction of internal alkynes to E‐ or Z‐alkenes under very mild conditions. The proposed transfer semi‐hydrogenation process involves the use of a dual nickel/photoredox catalytic system and triethylamine, not only as a sacrificial reductant, but also as a source of hydrogen atoms. Mechanistic studies revealed a pathway involving photo‐induced generation of nickel hydride, syn‐hydronickelation of alkyne, and alkenylnickel isomerization as key steps. Remarkably, mechanistic experiments indicate that the control of the stereoselectivity is not ensuing from a post‐reduction alkene photoisomerization under our conditions. Instead, we demonstrate that the stereoselectivity of the reaction is dependent on the rate of a final protonolysis step which can be tuned by adjusting the pKa of an alcohol additive.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Multifunctionalized Substituted Alkynes to Quinolinone Derivatives under Mild Conditions†
Authors: Voronov Aleksandr , Pancrazzi Francesco , Constantin Ana Maria , Maggi Raimondo , Mancuso Raffaella , Gabriele Bartolo , Olivieri Diego , Carfagna Carla , Casnati Alessandro , Rispoli Francesco , Baldini Laura , Ca Nicola Della
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive Summary

A highly selective palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of 2‐alkynylanilines bearing an amide moiety to condensed six‐membered heterocyclic structures has been developed under mild conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure of CO). The carbonylative protocol is also compatible with CO surrogates, such as benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl triformate (TFBen) or the newly developed calix[6]arenes functionalized with six formate groups (CLX[6]CO), which are both capable to release CO in situ. A series of tricyclic fused heterocycles containing the important oxazino‐quinolinone scaffold have been selectively obtained (only the 6‐endo‐dig cyclization mode has been observed) in good to excellent yields (up to 99%).
Designing and regulating catalysts for enhanced oxygen evolution in acid electrolytes
Authors: Yuan Cheng‐Zong , Zhao Hongrui , Huang Siyu , Li Jiang , Zhang Lunliang , Zhao Wekai , Weng Yao , Zhang Xiaomeng , Ye Shufeng , Chen Yunfa
Published: July 2023

The proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer has been considered a versatile approach for practical H2 production. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid media with complicated proton‐coupled electron transfer steps possesses sluggish kinetics and high reaction barriers, severely hindering the development of PEM water electrolyzers. Consequently, high‐efficient Ru‐ and Ir‐based catalysts have always been essential to accelerate the OER rate and lower the reaction barrier in PEM water electrolyzer. Therefore, it is very necessary to construct low‐cost catalysts with excellent electrocatalytic performances to replace these noble metal‐based OER electrocatalysts. In this review paper, a detailed discussion towards fundamentally comprehending the reaction mechanisms of OER was conducted. Accordingly, we proposed the principles of designing advanced OER electrocatalysts with enhanced performances and lowered costs. After that, recent developments in designing various acidic OER electrocatalysts were summarized. Meanwhile, the available regulation strategies about noble metals, nonprecious metals, and metal‐free nanomaterials were presented, which are promising for tuning the electronic structures, boosting the electrocatalytic performances, and reducing the costs of electrocatalysts. We also provided the existing challenges and perspectives of various OER electrocatalysts, hoping to promote the development of PEM water electrolyzers.
One‐Pot Polyol Synthesis and Scalable Production of Rh−Pd Alloy Nanorods with Tunable Compositions
Authors: Zhou Ming , Wang Chenxiao , Wang Helan , Xia Younan
Published: July 2023

Combining different precious metals to generate alloy nanocrystals with desirable shapes and compositions remains a challenge because of the low miscibility between these metals and/or the different reduction potentials of their salt precursors. Specifically, Rh and Pd are considered to be immiscible in the bulk solid over the entire composition range. Here we demonstrate that Rh−Pd alloy nanorods with well‐distributed and tunable compositions can be synthesized using a one‐pot polyol method. The success of our synthesis relies on the introduction of bromide as a coordination ligand to tune the redox potentials of Rh(III) and Pd(II) ions for the achievement of co‐reduction. The atomic ratio of the Rh−Pd alloy nanorods can be facilely tuned by changing the molar feeding ratio between the two precursors. We also systematically investigate the effects of water on the morphology of the Rh−Pd alloy nanocrystals. In an attempt to promote future use of these alloy nanorods, we successfully scale up their synthesis in a continuous‐flow reactor with no degradation to the product quality.
Blockchain‐enabled joint trust (RF‐AOA‐HTSA) algorithm‐based multiobjective clustering protocol for wireless sensor network
Authors: Meenakshi B. , Karunkuzhali D. , Ali Syed Muqthadar
Published: July 2023

In this article, blockchain‐enabled hybrid Red Fox optimization and arithmetic optimization approach‐based cluster head selection along Hazelnut tree search algorithm (HTSA)‐based optimal trust path selection is proposed to secure data transmission at wireless sensor network. The proposed BC‐Hyb‐RF‐AOA‐HTSA‐WSN method consists of two phases: (i) to find optimum cluster head (CH) and (ii) to find optimal trust path. Firstly, hybrid Red Fox optimization approach and arithmetic optimization algorithm are employed to select cluster head accurately. After CH selection, HTSA is used to find trust route from several routes, which is finalized optimally with the joint trust that depends on trust parameters. Finally, blockchain is provided with optimized, carefully chosen trust routes for communication. The proposed BC‐Hyb‐RF‐AOA‐HTSA‐WSN method is activated in NS2 tool. The proposed technique achieves lesser delays of 98.38%, 92.34%, and 97.45%, better delivery ratios of 89.34%, 83.12%, and 88.96%, and lower packet drops of 91.25%, 79.90%, and 92.88% compared with the existing techniques, such as BC‐FA‐ROA‐WSN, BC‐RDA‐WSN, and BC‐HRDSS‐WSN.
Illuminate the Functions of Dark Proteins Using the Reactome‐IDG Web Portal
Authors: Beavers Deidre , Brunson Timothy , Sanati Nasim , Matthews Lisa , Haw Robin , Shorser Solomon , Sevilla Cristoffer , Viteri Guilherme , Conley Patrick , Rothfels Karen , Hermjakob Henning , Stein Lincoln , D'Eustachio Peter , Wu Guanming
Published: July 2023

Understudied or dark proteins have the potential to shed light on as‐yet undiscovered molecular mechanisms that underlie phenotypes and suggest innovative therapeutic approaches for many diseases. The Reactome‐IDG (Illuminating the Druggable Genome) project aims to place dark proteins in the context of manually curated, highly reliable pathways in Reactome, the most comprehensive, open‐source biological pathway knowledgebase, facilitating the understanding functions and predicting therapeutic potentials of dark proteins. The Reactome‐IDG web portal, deployed at https://idg.reactome.org, provides a simple, interactive web page for users to search pathways that may functionally interact with dark proteins, enabling the prediction of functions of dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways. Enhanced visualization features implemented at the portal allow users to investigate the functional contexts for dark proteins based on tissue‐specific gene or protein expression, drug‐target interactions, or protein or gene pairwise relationships in the original Reactome's systems biology graph notation (SBGN) diagrams or the new simplified functional interaction (FI) network view of pathways. The protocols in this chapter describe step‐by‐step procedures to use the web portal to learn biological functions of dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Search for interacting pathways of a protein

Support Protocol: Interacting pathway results for an annotated protein

Alternate Protocol: Use individual pairwise relationships to predict interacting pathways of a protein

Basic Protocol 2: Using the IDG pathway browser to study interacting pathways

Basic Protocol 3: Overlaying tissue‐specific expression data

Basic Protocol 4: Overlaying protein/gene pairwise relationships in the pathway context

Basic Protocol 5: Visualizing drug/target interactions
Scientific communities of practice: K–12 outreach model around organism responses to repeated hurricane disturbances
Authors: Easley Kathleen M. , Zimmerman Jess K. , McGee Steven , McGee‐Tekula Randi
Published: July 2023

Collaboration between ecologists and learning scientists can give rise to powerful models for scientific outreach within ecology. This paper presents a process by which learning scientists and ecologists codesigned a science curriculum that invites students to join an ecological community of practice. In the Journey to El Yunque middle school science curriculum, students engage with simulation models generated from data gathered by Luquillo Long Term Ecological Research (LUQ LTER) scientists. Journey to El Yunque students can explore post‐hurricane population changes in yagrumo (Cecropia schreberiana), tabonuco (Dacryodes excelsa), coquís (Eleutherodactylus coquí), snails (Caracolus caracola), anoles (Anolis stratulus and A. gundlachi), veiled stinkhorn mushrooms (Dictyophora indusiata), and caterpillars (Historis odius). Ecology‐based revisions to Journey to El Yunque have included adding models of the effects of repeated hurricanes on limiting factors, based in part on findings from a canopy trimming experiment. Revisions based on classroom testing include simplifying student‐facing model controls to allow students to focus on the essential model components. The ongoing collaboration that keeps the Journey to El Yunque curriculum on the cutting edge of ecological and educational advances has been sustained for over two decades. We attribute the longevity of this work to (1) the long‐term nature of LUQ LTER, (2) a sustained interdisciplinary collaboration, and (3) our long‐term relationships with schools.
Evaluation of the effects of three arsenolipids on liver damage based on element imbalance and oxidative damage
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Zhong Yingxiong , Liu Xiaofei , Wang Zhuo , Chen Jianping , Song Bingbing , Li Rui , Jia Xuejing , Zhong Saiyi , Kang Xinhuang
Published: July 2023

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified semimetal arsenic as a human carcinogen. Arsenic poisoning can severely impact human health. Arsenic can be classified into inorganic and organic arsenic, with arsenolipids (AsLs) belonging to the category of organic arsenic. The primary species of AsLs include arsenic‐containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs), fatty acids, and phospholipids. AsLs are highly abundant in marine organisms and diet may be the primary source of exposure to AsLs. Although increasing evidence shows that AsLs are cytotoxic to humans, the specific toxicity and its mechanism remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity and possible mechanisms of the toxic effects of AsLs in mice. Three AsLs (AsHC 332, AsHC 346, and AsHC 374) were administered via gavage at a dose of 3 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The results showed that short‐term exposure did not affect the normal growth and development of mice. However, it caused liver damage in mice, mainly by disrupting the metabolism of selenium, copper, zinc, and other elements related to the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, thereby reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of related genes. The liver damage effect of AsHC 332 was the strongest among the three AsLs.
Dataset of detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions for the late Paleozoic–Mesozoic strata in the North China block
Authors: Yang Wentao , Li Qiang , Yang Jianghai , Fang Te , Ma Rui
Published: July 2023

The construction of databases of detrital zircon is important for Earth science research. A total of 27,915 U–Pb ages and 4,968 Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircons from the upper Paleozoic–Mesozoic strata of the North China Block were compiled from articles in the Web of Science and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. This dataset yields five age groups, at 3.9–1.0 Ga, 1,000–540 Ma, 540–360 Ma, 360–240 Ma and 240–95 Ma. The 3.9–1.0 Ga group has two peaks at ~2.5 and ~ 1.85 Ga. The 1,000–540 Ma and 540–380 Ma groups have three peaks at ~920 Ma, 780–750 Ma and ~ 440 Ma. Detrital zircon grains with ages of 360–240 Ma have multiple age peaks at ~380, ~320, ~280 and ~250 Ma. The group with ages of 240–95 Ma yields four peak ages at ~220, ~180, ~160 and ~120 Ma. Corresponding εHf(t) values range from −81.3 to +41.9, with two‐stage Hf model ages (TDM2) of 4,335–204 Ma. This dataset provides a comprehensive and systematic archive of detrital zircon data for Paleozoic–Mesozoic successions in the North China Block, which can be used to track tectono‐sedimentary and crustal evolution. In using this dataset, two issues need to be considered. First, the number of detrital zircon analyses from each sample varies markedly, which may influence the interpretation of the dataset. Second, there may be large uncertainties in the stratigraphic ages assigned to the samples.
Temporal variations of chemical and isotopic compositions in the river draining the Changbaishan volcanic area: The role of hydrological changes and volcanic activities
Authors: Wang Linan , Zhong Jun , Zhang Mao‐Liang , Liu Guo‐Ming , Fan Zhuanpu , Xu Sheng
Published: July 2023

Volcanic activities are known to release a substantial amount of deep carbon to the Earth's surface, thereby influencing the global carbon cycle on geological timescales. It is crucial to clarify the contribution of deep carbon and its changes under hydrological variations in rivers draining volcanic areas. This study reported the temporal variations of chemical compositions and isotopic compositions (δ13C and Δ14C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the Erdaobai River, which drains the Changbaishan volcanic area. The results showed that hydrothermal fluids had a considerable impact on the chemical and carbon isotopic compositions in this study area. The chemical mass balance model indicated that hydrothermal fluids composed 4.6 ± 0.7% of the water budget for the Erdaobai River. Additionally, the isotopic mixing model of Δ14CDIC showed that hydrothermal DIC accounted for 83.6 ± 1.9% and 40.8 ± 3.7% of the DIC budget for the upstream and downstream, respectively, and the proportion of hydrothermal contribution also varied in a narrow range in response to hydrological changes. However, the DIC and dissolved organic carbon fluxes showed significant seasonal variations, verifying the controlling role of hydrological processes. This study highlighted the impact of hydrological processes and deep carbon release on the carbon budget in the volcanic catchment, which is of great significance for understanding atmospheric CO2 balance and climate change.
Long‐term usage patterns and clinical outcomes in a community‐based differentiated antiretroviral therapy delivery programme in South Africa
Authors: Lewis Lara , Sookrajh Yukteshwar , van der Molen Johan , Khubone Thokozani , Maraj Munthra , Sosibo Phelelani , van Heerden Rose , Little Francesca , Kassanjee Reshma , Garrett Nigel , Dorward Jienchi
Published: July 2023

Introduction

There is little data on long‐term implementation and outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in differentiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery programmes. We aimed to analyse usage patterns of and associated treatment outcomes in a community ART programme, within the Centralized Chronic Medicines Dispensing and Distribution programme, in South Africa over 3.5 years.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study among PLHIV on first‐line ART who were eligible for community ART delivery between October 2016 and March 2019, from 56 urban clinics in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. Follow‐up ended in March 2020. We measured referral rates and, among those referred, we characterized patterns of community ART usage using group‐based trajectory modelling following referral. We used survival analysis to measure the association between community ART usage and loss‐to‐care (no visit for ≥365 days) and logistic regression to measure the association between community ART usage and viraemia (≥50 copies/ml).

Results

Among the 80,801 patients eligible for community ART, the median age was 36 years, 69.8% were female and the median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow‐up time was 22 (13–31) months. In total, 49,961 (61.8%) were referred after a median of 6 (IQR 2–13) months from first eligibility. After referral, time spent in community ART varied; 42% remained consistently in community ART, 15% returned to consistent clinic‐based care and the remaining 43% oscillated between community ART and clinic‐based care. Following referral, the incidence of loss‐to‐care was 3.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.71–4.15) per 100 person‐years during periods of community ART usage compared to 5.75 (95% CI: 5.28–6.25) during clinic‐based care. In multivariable models, community ART usage was associated with a 36% reduction in the hazards of loss‐to‐care (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.64 [95% CI: 0.57–0.72]). The proportion of patients who became viraemic after first community ART referral was 5.2% and a 10% increase in time in community ART was associated with a 3% reduction in odds of viraemia (adjusted odds ratio: 0.97 [95% CI: 0.95–0.99]).

Conclusions

Community ART usage patterns vary considerably, while clinical outcomes were good. Promoting consistent community ART usage may reduce clinic burden and the likelihood of patients being lost to care, while sustaining viral suppression.
A practical method for rapid discrimination of constituents in Psoraleae Fructus by UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Tang Luhuan , Wu Mengru , Shu Lexin , Xu Yanyan , Yao Yaqi , Li Yubo
Published: July 2023

Psoraleae Fructus (PF) is one of the most frequently used traditional Chinese medicine, which has good efficacy in warming kidney to activate yang, promoting inspiration to relieve asthma and warming spleen to stop diarrhea. However, the chemical composition of PF is complex, which makes it difficult to determine its active and toxic components. In order to rapidly classify and identify the chemical components of the extracts from PF, this research was processed with CNKI, PubMed, and PubChem databases and data post‐processing technique basing on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS) technique. Finally, 73 chemical components were discriminated, including 44 flavonoids, 18 coumarins, and 11 terpenoids, with the cleavage rules of each chemical component summarized. This study established a UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS method for the separation and discrimination of the chemical constituents of PF, which can lay a foundation for the further study of its medicinal substances and quality control.
Isoindigo‐Based Dual‐Acceptor Conjugated Polymers Incorporated Conjugation Length and Intramolecular Charge Transfer for High‐Efficient Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Hongsen , Deng Jinni , Pan Yi , Zheng Zhaohui , Ding Xiaobin
Published: July 2023

Photothermal tumor therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging (PA) have emerged as promising noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. However, the development of efficient PTT agents with high photostability and strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption remains challenging. This study synthesizes three isoindigo‐based dual‐acceptor conjugated polymers (CPs) (P‐IIG‐TPD, P‐IIG‐DPP, and P‐IIG‐EDOT‐BT) via a green and nontoxic direct arylation polymerization (DArP) method and characterizes their optical, electrochemical, and NIR photothermal conversion properties. By incorporating two acceptors into the backbone, the resulting polymers exhibit enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) due to improved synergy among conjugation length, planarity, and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The nanoparticles (NPs) of P‐IIG‐EDOT‐BT and P‐IIG‐DPP have a uniform size distribution around 140 nm and exhibit remarkable NIR absorption at 808 nm. In addition, P‐IIG‐EDOT‐BT and P‐IIG‐DPP NPs exhibit high PCEs of 62% and 78%, respectively. This study promotes the molecular design of CPs as NIR photothermal conversion materials and provides guidance for the development of novel dual‐acceptor CPs for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Novel KCNJ16 variants identified in a Chinese patient with hypokalemic metabolic acidosis
Authors: Chen Jianxiong , Fu Youqing , Sun Yan , Zhou Xinlong , Wang Qingming , Li Cong , Yuan Haiming
Published: July 2023

Background

Biallelic pathogenic variants in the KCNJ16 gene result in hypokalemic tubulopathy and deafness (HKTD) (MIM #619406), which is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by hypokalemic tubulopathy with renal salt wasting, disturbed acid–base homeostasis, and sensorineural deafness. Currently, nine individuals with HKTD have been reported, and seven pathogenic variants in KCNJ16 have been revealed.

Methods

A 5‐year‐6‐month‐old Chinese female patient displayed hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, salt wasting, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, arrhythmia, myocardial damage, cardiogenic shock and secondary diffuse brain oedema. Trio‐based whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was applied to detect the genetic cause.

Results

Novel compound heterozygous variants, c.190A>C (p.Thr64Pro) and c.628C>G (p.His210Asp), in KCNJ16 were detected in the patient, and these variants were inherited from the patient's mother and father, respectively. Then, we systematically reviewed the available clinical manifestations of individuals with HKTD. We found that HKTD patients are at risk of cardiogenic shock and secondary diffuse brain oedema, which urges clinicians to make early diagnoses with prompt treatments.

Conclusion

These findings expand the variant spectrum of KCNJ16, enrich the clinical characteristics of HKTD, and provide a solid base for the genetic counseling, diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Near‐total gluteal defect reconstruction with bilateral delayed giant lumbar artery perforator flaps: A case report
Authors: Özkan Burak , Savran Süleyman , Albayati Abbas , Uysal Çağrı A.
Published: July 2023

The reconstruction of the near‐total or total gluteal defects is challenging. Reconstructive options were restricted when the gluteal flaps were sacrificed. The lumbar artery perforator flap (LAPF) has been recently popularized as an alternative option for sacral and gluteal pressure ulcers. Extension of flap size may be needed in extensive defects. We aim to use the delay phenomenon to increase lumbar artery perforator flap territory to reconstruct near total gluteal defect. A 36‐year‐old woman was referred to our clinic with defect sizes of 23 × 23 cm and 25 × 17 cm for the right and left gluteal regions. She had a history of multiple surgeries for her paraplegia‐related sacrogluteal pressure sores. The reconstruction was started on the left side with delaying incisions to the flap borders. Seven days later, the left gluteal defect was reconstructed with 27 × 19 cm LAPF based on a second lumbar artery perforator. At the same session, the delaying incision was performed to the borders of the right LAPF. On day 14, the right gluteal defect was closed with a 25 × 25 cm‐sized right LAPF. No flap loss and early complications were seen. The patient was discharged without complication after 10 days after the last operation. The patient was followed up for 1 year. A right ischial pressure ulcer due to wheelchair use was encountered, which was managed with conservative wound care in the 8th month. Giant‐sized lumbar artery perforator flaps may be obtained by delay phenomenon to reconstruct near‐total or total gluteal pressure sores.
Stability of the 2D anisotropic micropolar Rayleigh–Bénard problem with one direction dissipation
Authors: Wang Yuzhu , Luo Zehua , Li Dan
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we investigate the initial value problem for the 2D anisotropic micropolar Rayleigh–Bénard problem with one direction dissipation. But there are only vertical kinematic viscosity, horizontal angular viscosity, and diffusivity; some nonlinear terms cannot be controlled. In addition to the classical energy functional, we introduce the energy functional
to help us dominate the nonlinear parts and make the energy closed. Then based on the energy method and the bootstrapping argument, global smooth solutions are proved under the assumptions of small initial data.
Frequency stabilization of hybrid power system using robust secondary controller
Authors: Farooq Zahid , Rahman Asadur , Lone Shameem Ahmad
Published: July 2023

In regards to present power system setup, this article presents a frequency stabilization of hybrid power system (HPS) assimilated with distributed generation (DG) resources, conventional thermal, geo‐thermal and electric vehicle (EV). The insertion of appropriate system non‐linearities in addition to the intermittency in renewable based generation sources leads to a more practicality into the developed HPS. For such systems, a vigorous control action with swift responding controllable device are an instantaneous requirement. In this view, a cascaded fractional order proportional‐derivative (foPD)‐multi‐stage fractional order proportional integral derivative (MSfoPID) (cascaded foPD‐MSfoPID) as secondary controller is explored for frequency stabilization of HPS. Further, the established power system is provided with erratic load deviations. The influence of EVs on frequency and tie‐line power fluctuations are examined comprehensively. Moreover, the outcome of unified power flow controller (UPFC) device as flexible AC transmission system (FACT) device for system dynamic control are illustrated. Further, sensitivity examination is exhibited to examine the resiliency of proposed cascaded foPD‐MSfoPID controller parameters for deviances in solar irradiance and number of vehicles. Finally, a proposed secondary controller is tested in case studies on standard IEEE‐39 bus system and four‐area hybrid power system.
A Novel Single‐Phase White Phosphor Gd7O6(BO3)(PO4)2:Dy3+
Authors: Zhao Rongli , Guo Xiang , Ling Yi , Cui Ruirui
Published: July 2023

A series of Gd7O6(BO3)(PO4)2:xDy3+ phosphors are synthesized using high‐temperature solid‐phase method. The phase and spectral characteristics of phosphors are analyzed using X‐ray diffraction and spectrometer. It is found that the ratio of the light intensity corresponding to the electric dipole and magnetic dipole can regulate the color of the photoluminescence, and the optimal concentration x = 0.05 reaches 1.0834, which is very close to white light. This phenomenon is related to the symmetry of the lattice. Simultaneously, it is observed that the fluorescence decay lifetime decreases with increasing concentration. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates obtained from the measured color of the sample are also very close to the standard white light coordinates (0.3333, 0.3333). The results presented above suggest that Gd7O6(BO3)(PO4)2:xDy3+ is a promising candidate for the next generation of white light‐emitting diodes.
Can leptonic mixing matrix have a Wolfenstein form?
Authors: Panchal Ankur , Rajasekaran G. , Srivastava Rahul
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We analyze the possibility of the leptonic mixing matrix having a Wolfenstein form at the Grand Unified Theory scale. The renormalization group evolution of masses and mixing angles from the high scale to electroweak scale, in certain new physics scenarios, can significantly alter the form of the leptonic mixing matrix. In the past it was shown that such significant enhancement implies that the leptonic mixing matrix at high scale can be the same or similar in structure to the quark one. We thoroughly analyze this hypothesis in the light of the latest neutrino oscillation data as well as other constraints such as those coming from neutrinoless double beta decay. We show that such an ansatz, at least within the context of minimal supersymmetric models, is no longer compatible with the latest experimental data.
Critical velocities of a two-layer composite tube incorporating the effects of transverse shear, rotary inertia and material anisotropy
Authors: Gao X.-L.
Published: July 2023

Critical velocities of a two-layer composite tube subjected to a uniform internal pressure moving at a constant velocity are analytically derived by using a first-order shear deformation shell theory incorporating the transverse shear, rotary inertia and material anisotropy. The composite tube consists of two perfectly bonded axisymmetric circular cylindrical layers of dissimilar materials, which can be orthotropic, transversely isotropic, cubic or isotropic. Closed-form expressions for four critical velocities are first derived for the general case by including the effects of transverse shear, rotary inertia, material orthotropy and radial stress. The formulas for composite tubes without the transverse shear, rotary inertia or radial stress effect and with simpler anisotropy are then obtained as special cases. In addition, it is shown that the model for a single-layer, homogeneous tube is included in the current model as a special case. To illustrate the newly derived closed-form formulas, a composite tube with an isotropic inner layer and an orthotropic outer layer is analyzed as an example. The numerical values of the lowest critical velocity of the two-layer composite tube predicted by the new formulas compare well with existing data.
Global regularity and asymptotic stabilization for the incompressible Navier–Stokes-Cahn–Hilliard model with unmatched densities
Authors: Abels Helmut , Garcke Harald , Giorgini Andrea
Published: July 2023

We study an initial-boundary value problem for the incompressible Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard system with non-constant density proposed by Abels, Garcke and Grün in 2012. This model arises in the diffuse interface theory for binary mixtures of viscous incompressible fluids. This system is a generalization of the well-known model H in the case of fluids with unmatched densities. In three dimensions, we prove that any global weak solution (for which uniqueness is not known) exhibits a propagation of regularity in time and stabilizes towards an equilibrium state as $$t \rightarrow \infty $$

t
→
∞

. More precisely, the concentration function $$\phi $$
ϕ
is a strong solution of the Cahn–Hilliard equation for (arbitrary) positive times, whereas the velocity field $${\varvec{{u}}}$$

u

becomes a strong solution of the momentum equation for large times. Our analysis hinges upon the following key points: a novel global regularity result (with explicit bounds) for the Cahn–Hilliard equation with divergence-free velocity belonging only to $$L^2(0,\infty ; {\textbf{H}}^1_{0,\sigma }(\Omega ))$$

L
2

(
0
,
∞
;

H

0
,
σ

1

(
Ω
)

)

, the energy dissipation of the system, the separation property for large times, a weak-strong uniqueness type result, and the Lojasiewicz–Simon inequality. Additionally, in two dimensions, we show the existence and uniqueness of global strong solutions for the full system. Finally, we discuss the existence of global weak solutions for the case of the double obstacle potential.
Radiofrequency ablation for autonomously functioning nodules as treatment for hyperthyroidism: subgroup analysis of toxic adenoma and multinodular goitre and predictors for treatment success
Authors: van der Meeren M. M. D. , Joosten F. B. M. , Roerink S. H. P. P. , Deden L. N. , Oyen W. J. G.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) with 131I often leads to undesirable hypothyroidism. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a promising alternative. This retrospective analysis aimed to examine the efficacy of, and postprocedural hypothyroidism after, RFA for AFTN.

Methods

Patients with hyperthyroidism caused by AFTN and treated with RFA were included if follow-up of at least 1 year was available. Cure was defined as thyroid medication–free biochemical euthyroidism. To predict cure, patient and treatment factors were analysed. A distinction was made between solitary toxic adenoma (STA) and toxic multinodular goitre (TMG).

Results

Forty-eight patients (36 STA, 12 TMG) were included. One year post-RFA cure rate was 72% in STA versus 25% in TMG (p = 0.004). One patient developed hypothyroidism. In 11 patients that remained hyperthyroid, a second RFA was successful in 83% of STA and 40% of TMG patients. At last available follow-up, this amounted to a total cure rate of 81% in STA and 33% in TMG (p = 0.002). In STA, cured patients had a higher baseline TSH and a lower FT3 than non-cured patients (p = 0.026 and 0.031). Cure was observed in 91% of patients when > 2.1 kJ/mL was delivered during RFA, compared to 44% when less energy was administered.

Conclusion

The efficacy of RFA was nearly 3 times higher in STA patients compared to TMG. Severity of hyperthyroidism and kJ/mL delivered during RFA predicts cure. Direct comparison to the current standard of care is needed to implement RFA in treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by AFTN.