bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La fin de l’électronucléaire – Récit anticipatif
Authors: Laponche Bernard
Published: January 2020

En partant du constat du caractère militaro-industriel du développement de la production d’électricité d’origine nucléaire, nous présentons dans cet article l’évolution sur la période 1950-2018 de cette industrie, allant du succès au déclin, lequel est dû à la fois à l’occurrence des grands accidents nucléaires de Three Mile Island, de Tchernobyl et de Fukushima et à la perte de sa compétitivité économique du fait de l’augmentation de ses coûts de production et de la baisse spectaculaire (très rapide à partir des années 2010) du coût des productions concurrentes d’origine renouvelable – l’éolien et le photovoltaïque –, sans que l’argument des faibles émissions de CO 2 de l’électronucléaire puisse faire pencher la balance en sa faveur. À partir de ce constat, nous présentons les évolutions conduisant à la sortie du nucléaire dans les différents pays et régions du monde et tout particulièrement en France, à partir du « grand tournant » de la décennie 2020-2030, qui verra l’instauration d’une politique énergétique basée sur la sobriété et l’efficacité énergétiques au niveau de la demande et sur les énergies renouvelables au niveau de l’offre, pour aboutir, pour ce qui concerne la production d’électricité, à la fin de l’électronucléaire dans le monde sur la période 2040-2050.
Réacteurs de 4 ème génération. Éléments d’analyse des technologies et perspectives
Authors: Pillet Didier
Published: January 2020

Alors que le déploiement de réacteurs nucléaires, dits de « troisième génération », amorce son démarrage au niveau mondial, notamment avec les réacteurs EPR de Taishan 1 et 2 récemment raccordés au réseau chinois, les études sur les réacteurs dits de « quatrième génération » se poursuivent au sein du forum « Génération IV ». Ce forum, regroupant 14 pays, a amorcé ses travaux en 2000, avec l’objectif d’identifier les meilleures solutions susceptibles de répondre aux nombreux défis posés, en ce début de XXI e siècle, en matière d’énergie et de climat, avec, en toile de fond, la possible raréfaction des ressources en uranium fissile ( 235 U) d’ici à la fin de ce siècle. Dans cet article, après une présentation des différentes technologies en lice dans le cadre de ce forum « Génération IV », un focus particulier sera fait sur les travaux d’ores et déjà réalisés au sein du projet ASTRID, ainsi que sur les conditions de déploiement des RNR-Na envisagé en France, dans le cadre de ce projet, compte tenu notamment de la décision récente de reporter le développement d’un démonstrateur au-delà de 2050.
Les leviers industriels de la compétitivité du nucléaire
Authors: Ursat Xavier
Published: January 2020

Le parc nucléaire français arrivera à une période pivot vers 2030-2035. Héritage d’une politique de long terme, qui voulait assurer l’indépendance énergétique du pays, il constitue un atout économique, social et environnemental. Les temps de l’industrie sont longs et il convient, dès à présent, d’instruire les conditions de son renouvellement. Pour la construction du premier EPR de Flamanville, la filière a dû faire face à des difficultés. Le projet a joué son rôle de relais industriel. Les enseignements à en tirer sont d’ores et déjà intégrés à la réflexion relative à un programme de nouveaux réacteurs. Leur construction nécessiterait une large mobilisation des acteurs industriels et de la société dans son ensemble. La filière nucléaire française a un grand défi à relever pour être au rendez-vous. Elle doit poursuivre son effort pour consolider sa maîtrise industrielle et sa performance économique dans un monde en transition.
Sensitive Versus Specific Search Strategy to Answer Clinical Questions
Authors: Stillwell Susan B. , Scott Jane Greer
Published: January 2020

Background:

Students and clinicians are challenged to locate evidence to answer clinical questions. Searching experiences include frustration with words to query databases, lack of searching skills, lack of confidence in nursing databases, and questioning how many databases to search. To implement practice change based on best available evidence, search strategies need to be efficient and effective.

Method:

We replicated the systematic review by Stillwell, Vermeesch, and Scott, which used a specific search, with a sensitive search to compare search strategies to answer the clinical question.

Results:

The specific search produced 5,108 articles, with eight being relevant; whereas the sensitive search produced 11,362 articles with nine being relevant.

Conclusion:

The sensitive search located the same eight studies and one additional study. If PubMed instead of MEDLINE had been used in the specific search, the results would have been identical.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(1):22–25.]
An Academic–Fire Department Partnership to Address Social Determinants of Health
Authors: McKinley Yoder Claire , Pesch Mary S.
Published: January 2020

Background:

As the link between social factors and health outcomes has been increasingly identified in nursing research, educators are called to provide clinical experiences that allow undergraduate nursing students to grapple with social complexity and barriers in the health care system. Future nurses need community-based experiences to develop care coordination and community partnering skills to lead in this area of health care transformation.

Method:

An innovative interdisciplinary partnership between a school of nursing and a city fire department was developed to provide students with opportunities to partner with clients to address social determinants of health, while limiting emergency medical services use for nonurgent problems.

Results:

The program has multiple benefits to nursing students, faculty, clients, agencies, and community partners. Contextual factors leading to this educational partnership, partner benefits, and challenges are discussed.

Conclusion:

Innovative interdisciplinary partnerships are an effective education tool to provide nursing students with a broader view of health care through the lens of social determinants of health.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(1):34–37.]
Modernité et anticonformisme dans Urbe de César Muñoz Arconada
Authors: Bigot Claude Le
Published: January 2020

Le monde moderne qui prend son essor dans le premier quart du XXe siècle conduit les poètes à annexer et assimiler des schémas nouveaux, traités sur un mode antiromantique par réaction contre les valeurs reconnues par les écrivains modernistes. L’usine, la machine, le téléphone ne sont pas anti-poétiques sui generis. Ce sont des nouveautés qui modifient les mentalités et qui mettent en question un discours poétique trop conformiste. Ainsi, s’il fallait réduire l’esthétique avant-gardiste à un trait unique, nous l’identifierions à l’idée de changement. Or, Arconada, semble avoir montré une intuition plus profonde du changement peut-être parce que Urbe est écrit à une époque où les outrances de l’ultraïsme sont désormais dépassées.
Utility of Air-Entraining Additive in the Development of Lightweight Alumina-Based Refractories
Authors: Jogl Marcel , Reiterman Pavel
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the impact of doses of an air-entraining additive on the mechanical properties of a composite based on aluminous cement. The presented data have been selected from the authors’ most recent research, which supports an economic development of a lightweight composite with the ability to withstand elevated temperatures of up to 1000 °C. The interest in the behaviour of concrete at high temperatures mainly results from the many cases of fires taking place in buildings, high-rises, tunnels, and drilling platform structures. Operation at high temperatures is also of fundamental importance to many major sectors of industry, including material production and processing, chemical engineering, power generation and more. Concrete has a great intrinsic behaviour when exposed to fire, especially when compared to other building materials. However, its fire resistance should not be taken for granted and proper structural fire protection is certainly necessary, e.g. in the form of high-temperature barriers. For the purposes of this experiment, the specimens were composed of cement paste and an air-entraining additive dosage between 2 – 10 % by weight of the cement dose. The properties of investigated specimens, dried at a temperature of 105 °C, were compared with each other. Values of compressive strength, flexural strength, and bulk density are measured in this work. The purpose was to evaluate the effects of the air-entraining agent on the workability of a fresh mixture, its bulk density, and mechanical properties after drying. In the case of a mixture with added short basalt fibres, the effects after high thermal loading were also evaluated. The proposed composites with air-entraining additive over 8 % shown the values of bulk density below 1800 kg/m3, along with the satisfactory strength results.
Direct Recycling of Aluminium Chips into Composite Reinforced with In Situ Alumina Enrichment
Authors: Wagiman Abdullah , Mustapa Mohammad Sukri , Lajis Mohd Amri , Shamsudin Shazarel , Masirin Mohd Idrus Mohd , Rady Mohammed H.
Published: January 2020

Direct hot extrusion is a sustainable technique for recycling aluminium chips into aluminium matrix composite. Reinforcement particles are used to improve the mechanical properties. In this paper, the reinforcing medium of alumina layer that forms on the chip surface were enriched in situ via thermal treatment. Three types of chips were prepared namely; non-treated, treatment of 300 °C for 60 minutes and treatment of 500 °C for 10 minutes. The chips were compacted into chip-based feedstock having a density of 75 %, 85 % and 95 %. The chip-based feedstocks were preheated at 500 °C for 3 hours before extrude. Tensile test performed on the extrudate found that variation in the types of chip and feedstock relative density has affected the ultimate tensile strength. The highest ultimate tensile strength of 256 MPa is obtained from the condition of chip treated at 300 °C for 60 minutes and a feedstock density of 85 %. Elemental analysis on the extrudates reveals that the oxygen content is increased when the extrudates made from heat treated chip. Apart from heat treatment, the oxygen content also affected by the feedstock density.
Hybrid Effect of ZrB2+Si3N4 on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA8011 for Service Life Improvement
Authors: Fayomi Juwon , Popoola A.P.I. , Popoola O.M.
Published: January 2020

The present research focuses on the synergetic effect of ZrB2-Si3N4 on the properties of AA8011 for service life improvement in automobile components. The hybrid composites were developed by liquid metallurgy route with varying particulates composition of 0% - 20% in a step of 5. The developed composites were subjected to SEM microstructural characterization and mechanical analysis to evaluate their microstructural evolution, microhardness, and tensile strength mechanism. The results show better improvement in the hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the composite when compared with the unreinforced AA8011. The microstructure clearly revealed an even dispersion of hybrid particulates with no clear trace of voids.
An Application of Reinforced Polyurethane Foam in Design of the Common Bulkhead for Cryogenic Tanks
Authors: Li Ke Cheng , Wu Zhan Jun , Liu Min Jing , Xu Xin Sheng , Xu Wang
Published: January 2020

By using the material of reinforced polyurethane (RPU) foam, the common bulkhead is devised for cryogenic tanks in this paper. Properties of RPU foam are obtained through experiments. Based on the properties, the structure is designed with the integration of special features including lightweight, easy to manufacture, load bearing and thermal insulation. Based on numerical simulation, thermal analysis, stability and thermal mechanical coupling behavior of the structure are analysed. The results show that the common bulkhead not only satisfies the heat insulation requirements of cryogenic tanks for liquid hydrogen and oxygen, but also keeps stability.
Effects of Former Surface Treatment on Natural Rubber Latex Deposition
Authors: Se Hoo Kien Wah Isaac , Yu Lih Jiun , Shyam Khrishnan Sri Jousiva , Ong Ah Chye , Lai Nai Yeen Gavin
Published: January 2020

The glove formers are tools used to pick up the coagulants and rubber latex, so the vulcanised rubber takes the form of hands upon drying. As the demands of gloves quality is crucial to serve the purpose of gloves as a bidirectional protective barrier; the gloves are required to be both sturdy and strong as to prevent tearing while also being elastic and comfortable to use. This research is a comparison study on the surface treatment of a ceramic glove former and how it affects the contact angle between the former surface and the coagulant, and the latex being deposited on the former. The study also focuses on the mechanical properties of the gloves and defects produced by the formers. Gloves were made using the two types of formers and the gloves were then tested for their masses, thickness distributions, tensile strengths, elongations and defects. It was found that the talc treated formers was able to adhere coagulant better, a lower contact angle of 22.10 as compared to the untreated former which had a contact angle of 27.60. This enabled the talc treated former to produce natural rubber gloves which had higher mass and more evenly distributed.
Effect of Hot Extrusion Parameters on Tensile Strength and Fracture Behavior in Direct Recycling of Aluminium Alloy (6061) Chips
Authors: Rady Mohammed H. , Mustapa Mohammad Sukri , Shamsudin Shazarel , Lajis Mohd Amri , Masirin Mohd Idrus Mohd , Wagiman Abdullah
Published: January 2020

Produced Profiles by direct recycling of aluminum chips in hot extrusion process were achieved by temperature related parameters using preheating temperature 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C for duration 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours preheating time. By using Design of Experiments (DOE) procedure with full factorial design and three center points analysis, the results showed that the preheating temperature factor is more important to be controlled rather than the preheating duration and increase of temperature conducted to the high tensile strength. The profiles extruded at 550 °C and 3 hours’ duration had obtained the optimum condition to get the maximum tensile strength. The influence of parameters of hot extrusion process on fracture surfaces of the recycled samples was also investigated and discussed.
A Study on Fabrication and Morphology of 6061 Aluminum Alloy in Hard Anodization
Authors: Chang Shao Fu , El-Zahlanieh Stephanie , Chen Chien Chon , Chen Chih Yuan , Chang Yo Wei , Hun Chien Wan , Cho Mei Huo , Lee Chiang Sheng , Chen Shih Hsun
Published: January 2020

This research presents how to use high current density (2.85A/dm2) to do 6061 aluminum alloy hard anodization. There are five steps during the process including mechanical polishing, anodization, acid spitting, sealing and surface cleaning. By using electrochemical molds which we designed and controlling the electrolyte temperature at-2°C, then we could obtain ordering anodization film with 20nm pore size and 33.3μm thickness. However, there are some situations should be overcome such as raising the success rate of sealing and reducing the defects on the AAO surface by means of adjusting the parameters such as the current density, final voltage, electrolyte temperature, etc.
LE PIANTE SONO DESTRE O MANCINE?
Authors: Soave Carlo
Published: January 2020

Circumnutation is an oscillating movement of a growing plant organ that results from an endogenous rhythmic process intrinsic to growth. Circumnutating organs, as they extend, describe a helical trace. In Arabidopsis thaliana circumnutation is particularly evident in primary roots and occurs, as in most plants, in a right-handed direction. In A. thaliana the direction of circumnutation depends on the presence of a single gene with the right-handed allele dominant over the left -handed, as in Zea mays where again a single gene controls the left or right spiralization of the kernels on the ear. Furthermore we demonstrate that the specification of the left/right asymmetry is dependent on the establishement of the antero-posterior axis on the ear.
RELATIVISTIC GALAXY ROTATIONS VERSUS DARK MATTER
Authors: Loinger Angelo , Marsico Tiziana
Published: January 2020

The gravitational effects ascribed to theDarkMatter can be explained with a general-relativistic treatment of the galaxy rotations.
GLI STUDI DI ALDO PERRONCITO SULLA RIGENERAZIONE DEL NERVO PERIFERICO
Authors: Cani Valentina
Published: January 2020

Animal regeneration was a major subject of investigation in the 18th century Europe. Lazzaro Spallanzani was one of the most active experimenters, he was able to demonstrate the regenerative abilities of many invertebrates and even some vertebrates. At the beginning of the 20th century in the General Pathology laboratory of the University of Pavia directed by Camillo Golgi, a young researcher, Aldo Perroncito, succeeded for the first time in understanding and describing the process of regeneration of peripheral nerves after experimental cut. His research had a great impact also for the subsequent surgical applications. Perroncitoâ€™s studies paved the way for the first attempts at operations on patients wounded during the World War I for the functional restoration of the injured nerves conducted by the University of Pavia graduated medical doctors Giovanni Verga and Guido Sala.
Chest treatment of the head injured patient requiring Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (I.P.P.V.)
Authors: Lewis R.
Published: January 2020

Van die pasiente met hoofbeserings wat gedurende 1975 in Groote Schuur-hospitaal toegelaat is, het ongeveer16% endotrageale buise of ’n trageostomie benodig en 45% van die pasiente met trageostomies het intermittende positiewe druk-ventilasie benodig.Dit blyk dus wenslik, selfs essensieel, te wees dat die fisioterapeut wat in ’n neurochirursiese eenheid werk, veral as dit ook ’n intensiewe sorgeenheid het, haar moet bekwaam sover doeltreffende respiratoriese fisioterapie aanbetref. Die fisioterapie-prosedures word bespreek.
Training for the future
Authors: Beenhakker J. C.
Published: January 2020

Dit is noodsaaklik dat die opleiding van fisioterapeute hersien word in die lig van die huidige en toekomstige behoeftes van die gemeenskap. Projekte wat in 1975 en 1976 deur voorgraadse studente aan die Universiteit van Witwatersrand onderneem is, bring die behoeftes en tekortkominge in die leergang aan die lig. Metodes om hierdie uitdagings te benader word bespreek en die behoefte aan diepgaande navorsing omtrent opleiding word beklemtoon.
Rehabilitation after traumatic amputation of the lower limb
Authors: Humphrey M.
Published: January 2020

Traumatiese amputasies, as gevolg van landmynonlploffings word genoem. Drie fases van pos-operatiewe behandeling word bespreek, naamlik die vroeë fase in die saal, die intermediere fase in die gimnasium en die finale stadium wanneer ’n prostese gepas is en loopgang rehabilitasie plaasvind.
Asthma
Authors: Benatar S. R.
Published: January 2020

Asma word gedefinieer as omkeerbare lugweg obstruksie. Presipiterende faktore word genoem en die voorkoms by kinders en volwassenes beskryf. Die patrone en evaluering van asma, asook die behandeling in akuteen tussen-fases word bespreek. Die belong van fisioterapie in asma word genoem.
Spinal traction
Authors: Winter B.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Writing good abstracts: It’s a tough job
Authors: Carson Ann
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Variation of Mixed Hodge Structures Associated to an Equisingular One-dimensional Family of Calabi-Yau Threefolds
Authors: Nieto-Baños Isidro , del Angel-Rodriguez Pedro Luis
Published: January 2020

We study the variations of mixed Hodge structures (VMHS) associated with a pencil ${\mathcal{X}}$ of equisingular hypersurfaces of degree $d$ in $\mathbb{P}^{4}$ with only ordinary double points as singularities, as well as the variations of Hodge structures (VHS) associated with the desingularization of this family $\widetilde{{\mathcal{X}}}$. The notion of a set of singular points being in homologically good position is introduced, and, by requiring that the subset of nodes in (algebraic) general position is also in homologically good position, we can extend Griffiths’ description of the $F^{2}$-term of the Hodge filtration of the desingularization to this case, where we can also determine the possible limiting mixed Hodge structures (LMHS). The particular pencil ${\mathcal{X}}$ of quintic hypersurfaces with 100 singular double points with 86 of them in (algebraic) general position that served as the starting point for this paper is treated with particular attention.
The Pohozaev identity for the anisotropic $p$-Laplacian and estimates of the torsion function
Authors: Wang Qiaoling , Xia Changyu
Published: January 2020

In this paper we prove a Pohozaev identity for the weighted anisotropic

p

-Laplace operator. As an application of the identity, we deduce the nonexistence of nontrivial solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the weighted anisotropic

p

-Laplacian in star-shaped domains of

\mathbb R^n

. We also provide an upper bound estimate for the first Dirichet eigenvalue of the anisotropic

p

-Laplacian on bounded domains of

\mathbb R^n

, some sharp estimates for the torsion function of compact manifolds with boundary and a non-existence result for the solutions of the Laplace equation on closed Riemannian manifolds.
An abundance of simple left braces with abelian multiplicative Sylow subgroups
Authors: Cedó Ferran , Jespers Eric , Okniński Jan
Published: January 2020

Braces were introduced by Rump to study involutive non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation. A constructive method for producing all such finite solutions from a description of all finite left braces has been recently discovered. It is thus a fundamental problem to construct and classify all simple left braces, as they can be considered as building blocks for the general theory. This program recently has been initiated by Bachiller and the authors. In this paper we study the simple finite left braces such that the Sylow subgroups of their multiplicative groups are abelian. We provide several new families of such simple left braces. In particular, they lead to the main, surprising result, that shows that there is an abundance of such simple left braces.
Natural recovery of mangroves in abandoned rice farming areas of the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania
Authors: Japhet Emmanuel , Mangora Mwita M. , Trettin Carl C. , Okello Judith A.
Published: January 2020

Natural recovery of mangroves in abandoned rice farming areas is important for reviving its multiple ecosystem services including climate change mitigation. This study aims at understanding the natural recovery rate and pattern of mangroves in the abandoned rice farming areas of the Rufiji Delta. Mangrove areas were stratified into early and intermediate succession as well as old growth forest. Forty-five nested plots, fifteen at each site, were randomly selected, where plant and soil data were collected. Based on the Importance Value Index, the most abundant tree species in the early succession was Barringtonia racemosa, a mangrove associated tree species having a value of 67.9. The mangrove Avicennia marina was the most abundant in both intermediate succession and old growth forest having a value of 170.7 and 163.1, respectively. Pairwise comparison of means indicated a significant change (p< 0.05) of structural parameters with fallow age. No significant change (p > 0.05) was detected in the measured soil properties among the three succession categories. The findings demonstrate that even a period of up to 15 years would not allow full recovery of structural attributes for a mangrove forest converted to agricultural land, with grass cover being among factors limiting the recovery due to obstruction of propagule dispersal.
Art Museum Image Gallery
Authors: Blair Jennifer
Published: January 2020

Art Museum Image Gallery provides access through a subscription to museum collections of over 156,000 high-quality images sourced from the Art Archive of Picture Desk, Inc. and includes paintings, prints, ceramics, sculpture, and other art. The images span from 3000 B.C. to the present,
with an emphasis on cultural and area studies. The price varies and is based on subscribers’ overlap with packages and other factors unique to institution needs, but primarily is on bracket determined by number of users. The interface could use improvement in its limiters. But individual
item displays surpass similar products by providing comprehensive data including copyright privileges, the artist, original source, subjects with live links, description, and accession numbers. A link also provides a higher quality version of each image with downloadable capability. Art Museum
Image Gallery is best suited for educational use and is ideal for academics, schools, the public, and the government.
OASIS: Openly Available Sources Integrated Search
Authors: Stafford Daniel , Flatley Robert
Published: January 2020

OASIS is a freely available librarian developed OER search tool. It currently searches almost 100 sources from reputable organizations such as Cornell Open, OpenStax, and MIT Open Courseware with new content being added regularly. Source types include textbooks, courses, course materials,
simulations, books, audiobooks, videos, podcasts, learning objects, and primary sources. Users can search OASIS directly from the search box on the main page or use the advanced search option. Search functionality works well but there are no options to sort results by relevancy or date. However,
users can filter results by type, subject, source, license and reviews. The pages are clear and easy to read and there were only minor issues with accessibility. Overall OASIS is a good search tool for finding quality OER materials.
PropertyShark
Authors: Gee Harold
Published: January 2020

PropertyShark is a searchable web-based database providing reports on residential and commercial properties in nearly all 50 U.S. states. For each property, the report contains the name of the property owner, building characteristics, title, sales history, estimated property value,
liens, mortgage, foreclosure, zoning, building photos, and other information. There are lists of data on foreclosures, sales comparable, and for-sale properties. Dynamic interactive maps with select layers of information are available. PropertyShark is widely used by real estate industry professionals,
developers, investors, home buyers, insurance agents, researchers, and college students. It is a resource to enable users to research and evaluate real estate properties to make informed decisions.
Um modelo dinâmico considerando uma estratégia de desenvolvimento de catching-up tecnológico
Authors: Esteves Luis Eduardo
Published: January 2020

O objetivo do trabalho é discutir o papel do processo de catching-up no crescimento econômico e oferecer um modelo geral que incorpore as principais contribuições sobre esse tema. Um aspecto chave no catching-up é a necessidade de o país atrasado realizar esforços para reduzir a distância com relação à fronteira tecnológica. O ponto de partida é o argumento de Narula (2004), que relaciona a capacidade absortiva com o grau de desenvolvimento do país. Com o objetivo de endogenizar tanto a capacidade absortiva quanto o hiato tecnológico, desenvolve-se um modelo baseado nas premissas de Verspagen (1993) onde a relação entre o hiato tecnológico e a capacidade absortiva é não-linear. Como sugerido por esse autor, o hiato representa uma oportunidade de imitação, mas também um maior desafio competitivo. Os resultados ressaltam a necessidade de existência de uma capacidade absortiva mínima como condição de estabilidade para um sistema de economias abertas com diferentes níveis de avanço tecnológico.
Irish American Organizations and the Northern Ireland Conflict in the 1980s: Heightened Political Agency and Ethnic Vitality
Authors: Smyth Ted
Published: January 2020

Drawing on two confidential reports, this article demonstrates the significant political agency exercised in the 1980s by Irish and Irish American politicians supported by an unusually robust form of ethnicity. Embodied in hundreds of cultural and fraternal associations, this vigorous Irish American ethnicity was animated by political passion arising out of the conflict in Northern Ireland. The first report, by the Irish Embassy in Washington in 1980, provided first-hand accounts of the widespread activities of Irish American associations, with a view to enlisting their support in resolving the conflict in Northern Ireland. The embassy and Irish American political leaders formed a powerful “Irish lobby” in Washington seeking a solution based on nonviolence and equality between Catholic nationalists and Protestant unionists, strengthening the hand of the Irish government in its negotiations with the British government. The second report, compiled in 1988 by Sinn Féin, the political wing of the IRA, sought to bring the Irish American republican movement into line with Sinn Féin’s recent decision to seek a political solution to the conflict. As Sinn Féin moved gradually away from violence, it exerted control over Noraid, the most important of the hardline Irish American organizations. Both the Irish government and Sinn Féin mobilized an Irish American ethnicity that, far from being merely “symbolic,” was rooted in tangible social and political processes in which Irish immigrants and their descendants played the leading role. Whether that ethnicity can retain its vitality in the absence of continued immigration and an animating political cause is an open question.
Dissonance
Authors: Gurd Sean Alexander
Published: January 2020

In the four centuries leading up to the death of Euripides in 406 BCE, Greek singers, poets, and theorists delved deep into auditory experience. They charted its capacity to develop topologies distinct from those of the other senses; contemplated its use as a communicator of information; calculated its power to express and cause extreme emotion. They made sound too, artfully and self-consciously creating songs and poems that revelled in sonorousness. Dissonance is about these extraordinary experiments in auditory experience. In three chapters—on auditory figures, affect, and melody respectively—the book aims to show the many points of commonality between ancient Greek auditory art and the concerns of contemporary sound studies, avant-garde music, and aesthetics, making the argument that “classical” Greek song and drama was, in fact, an early European avant-garde, a proto-exploration of the aesthetics of noise. The book thus develops an alternative to that romantic ideal which sees antiquity as a frozen world, a world we can contemplate as though we were the enchanted speaker in Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” for whom the silent stillness of an ancient vase symbolizes the survival of truths more lasting than the generations of humankind.
Figures
Authors: Gurd Sean Alexander
Published: January 2020

Sound entered the enclosure of culture in Greek song and acoustic theory between Homer and the death of Euripides by means of figures, channels and openings where the outside was brought within. “Figure” is defined here after Donna Harraway’s work on companion species. This chapter examines a series of figures in Homer, Hesiod, Alcaeus, Bacchylides, and Aristophanes.
Affect
Authors: Gurd Sean Alexander
Published: January 2020

The movement of sound across boundaries, and its ability to create extreme affect, is examined in Greek song and acoustic theory between Homer and the death of Euripides. Affect is defined after Brian Massumi and Deleuze and Guattari; auditory affect is shown to be central to the poetics of tragedy and to the psychology of perception in early Greek natural theory.
Music
Authors: Gurd Sean Alexander
Published: January 2020

In the period between Homer and the death of Euripides, Greek music was an explicitly avant-garde tradition, openly exploring the poetic capacities of unsettling noise. This chapter traces the use of timbral sound and melodic complexity to create a musical aesthetics designed to unsettle; a discussion of the conservative reaction to this tradition is then juxtaposed with the musical aesthetics of Euripides and Timotheus
Prologue
Authors: Gurd Sean Alexander
Published: January 2020

All the sounds in ancient Greece, from Homer to the death of Euripides, are named and arranged by category and function. A soundscape, a list, an overwhelm.
Capo
Authors: Gurd Sean Alexander
Published: January 2020

An introduction to the major themes and concerns of Greek auditory art. The argument is that Greek song and drama was concerned with bringing the sensation of sound within the enclosure of perception, at times against the categories central to Greek conceptions of culture. Greek auditory art’s engagement with sound is described as figure, as affect, and as melody.
A Metonymic Community? Toward a Poetics of Contingency
Authors: Claviez Thomas
Published: January 2020

This entry traces community as a historical strategy for overcoming contingency. In doing so, it puts forward a poetics of contingency, thought through the literary trope of metonymy against the traditional metaphoric community, and lays the groundwork for theorizing the metonymic community, one that thinks through, rather than flatly rejecting, the contingency inherent in the communitary impulse. Martin Heidegger’s conception of Being as Being-with serves as a starting point for thinking the contingency of the Other that is the condition of Being. The analysis then proceeds by tracing the thread of this community in the work of Agamben, Rancière, and especially the immunity/community paradigm of Esposito, and concludes by looking at literary examples from Whitman, Kafka, and Balzac. In proposing a tentative poetics of contingency, the analysis of these authors contributes to a new understanding of the spatiality of shared Being that could come under the heading of a metonymic community.
Painting Theory
Authors: Redfield Marc
Published: January 2020

Redfield examines Tansey’s iconic “theory paintings,” in particular the famous picture which depicts Derrida and de Man poised together in an “ambiguous dance-struggle” on a precarious precipice above an abyss that invokes visual representations of the Romantic sublime. As Redfield puts it, “the space-time of Derrida and de Man’s impossible encounter is that of a difficult, ambivalently agonistic act of reading.” Redfield demonstrates that Tansey’s painting is something much more than a “sign of the times,” not merely a hyper-realist representation of “theory in America” circa 1990.
Here There Is No After (Richter’s History)
Authors: Guyer Sara
Published: January 2020

Guyer examines Gerhard Richter’s painterly debts to Romanticism in general and to Friedrich in particular as a means of exploring the traumatic representations of history and the historical representations of trauma. Guyer zeroes in on Richter’s history paintings, specifically the 18.October 1977 series based on photographs of the Baader Meinhof Group.
The Pastoral stain
Authors: Jacobus Mary
Published: January 2020

Jacobus examines an opening onto futurity that emerges out of Cy Twombly’s works. Drawing attention to the artist’s interest in literary citation, particularly a tradition of lyric thought running from the pastoral to Romantic and post-Romantic poetry, Jacobus gives us Twombly writing a theory of poetics from within the visual, but not reducible to visualization. In Twombly’s dense figurations, the lyric describes the capacity to think through “painting’s and poetry’s silent invocation of alteration, within and beyond lyric time,” emphasizing movement and transition.
Technomagism, Coleridge’s Mariner , and the Sentence Image
Authors: Wang Orrin N. C.
Published: January 2020

Orrin Wang coins the term “techno-magism” to explore the twinned logics of techne and magic that emerge from the Romantic moment and address our own contemporary relationship with the quasi-magical forms of technology. Wang shows how Coleridge’s poem makes “something out of nothing,” a conjuring trick that is the aesthetic fiat which exemplifies Romanticism’s own “techno-magism.” Wang’s argument pivots on his reading of the decisive passage in the poem where the albatross inexplicably falls from the Mariner’s neck. Wang’s account of Coleridge’s poem —as paradigmatic hermeneutical challenge or elaborate “put-on”—morphs into a reading of Jacques Rancière’s notion of the “sentence-image,” the “little theatrical machine” or textual “app” that turns an event into a meaningful sequence and generates the “mystery” of symbolic relations.
Introduction
Authors: Mendicino Kristina
Published: January 2020

… But often as a firebrandarises conf(used)usion of tongues.1 …… Oft aber wie ein Brandentstehet Sprachverw(irrt)irrung. …

In the midst of a fragment from his Homburger Folioheft (Sämtliche Werke: Frankfurter Ausgabe 7: 377), a notebook that contains several late elegies and odes and even more notes for poems that would never be completed, Friedrich Hölderlin registers the confusion of tongues....
Exploring Thai EFL Students’ Knowledge of English Binomials
Authors: Boonnoon Sichabhat
Published: January 2020

One sub-type of collocations which is under-researched is binomials. The purposes of this study were to investigate Thai EFL students' knowledge of English binomials, determine the syntactic structure of the internal elements of binomials reported as most or least known by them, and test if the students' knowledge of binomials was significantly different when taking account of their years of study. The sample was 130 first - sixth year students enrolled in four different faculties at a university in northeastern Thailand, and classified as intermediate EFL learners for the purpose of this study through the online Oxford Placement Test. An acceptability judgment test of English binomials was used to collect the data. The results revealed that, on the whole, the participants had a low level of knowledge of English binomials; there was no significant difference in their knowledge regarding the syntactic structure of binomials (Noun+Noun and Verb+Verb); and the participants were not significantly different in their knowledge in terms of their years of study. The results pertaining to the participants’ low level of knowledge of binomials were discussed in relation to lack of exposure to English and effective pedagogy of English idioms.
Differences in Motivation to Learning English among Saudi University Students
Authors: Sabry Daif-Allah Ayman , Aljumah Fahad Hamad
Published: January 2020

This paper analyzes and determines the various orientations of 247 Saudi male and female university students for learning English. The descriptive and correlational approaches were used to investigate the participants’ motivations. The researchers adapted questionnaires available from the literature to quantitatively collect data. The results show that university students are highly motivated to learning English and therefore, it suggests that motivation is an important variable that shapes learners' idea about foreign language learning. The results also show that students of different gender and majors had different perspectives about English learning. The conclusions, and recommendations of the present study provide platform for future investigations into EFL learners’ motivation in other areas of Saudi Arabia or in similar settings in Arabic speaking countries to find out differences in students' orientations.
Chinese Language in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Alshammari Hammad
Published: January 2020

This study identifies potential challenges for learners, teachers, and curriculum designers regarding the recent inclusion of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) in the Saudi education system, according to an in-depth review of previous research. This review focused on issues related to CFL learning, pedagogy, and curriculum. Factors were grouped into five categories: 1) CFL learning difficulty, 2) learner motivation and aptitude, 3) learner culture, 4) pedagogical effectiveness, and 5) curriculum design. To gain a deeper understanding, a sample of 25 foreign language learners and 15 curriculum designers was selected randomly from a university in the north of Saudi Arabia to complete a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed to highlight the most important issues. The data analysis revealed serious concerns among CFL learners, such as language difficulty, learner motivation and aptitude, and learner culture. CFL pedagogy could also pose a challenge. However, no concerns were found related to CFL curriculum. Implications and recommendations are offered to help incorporate CFL into the Saudi education system and encourage further research.
Operation Strategy as a Competitive Advantage in Hotel Industry
Authors: Teck Tan Seng , Karuppiah Nanthakumar
Published: January 2020

This paper explores the role of operation management in Hotel industry in Malaysia. It explains the contributions of operation management as a strategic tool for attaining customers’ satisfaction as well as sustainability. It reveals some of the examples of hoteliers that have thrived on these concepts.
Investigation the Relationship Between Supply Chain Management Activities and Operational Performance: Testing the Mediating Role of Strategic Agility-A Practical Study on the Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Omoush Majd Mohammad
Published: January 2020

This study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between the supply chain management (SCM) activities and operational performance through testing the mediating factor strategic agility in (16) pharmaceutical companies listed on Amman stock exchange in Jordan Which is considered one of the most important industrial sectors, where the nature of the work and the problems faced in the performance of supply chain were identified the reasons for the delay of the logistical orders of raw materials they need from suppliers, and found that there is a missing link between partners and is the proportion of obtaining the necessary information from suppliers to complete operations Streamlined and easy production. In terms of identifying the activities of supply chain management as the most important factors supporting the best practices of SCM in pharmaceutical companies (i.e. Alliances with suppliers, Customer Relation Management, Logistic, flow Information and knowledge sharing). The study population consisted of all the executives and directors of departments, sections and employee specialized in SCM in pharmaceutical companies, and a simple random sample was chosen from pharmaceutical companies to conduct a field survey using a tool, a questionnaire, of which 150 were distributed and 139 were retrieved. In addition, a number of statistical techniques have been used for data analysis; such as statistical analysis package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and AMOS, which depends on Structure Equation Modeling approach because of the presence one variable, as well as for the reason of examining the importance of the track. Based on the results of the statistical analysis, it was concluded that there is an impact of the independent variable managing the supply chain on operational performance, but in terms of the intermediate variable, the results showed that the relationship is partial in terms of the strategic agility variable through Path Analysis.
Relationship between Workers' Remittances and Money Supply from 2000 to 2018: Using the Vector Autoregression Model
Authors: Mohammad Alawneh Ateyah
Published: January 2020

This study aims to analyze the quality and nature of the relationship between workers' remittances and money supply (M2) in Jordan from 2000 to 2018. The descriptive approach and standard statistical analysis method are employed to construct and analyze the model using Eviews. The results of the unit root test reveal the stability of the current study’s variables at the second difference. Granger causality test indicates that a causal relationship exists between workers' remittances and M2 of workers' remittances. The analysis of variance regarding the importance of workers' remittances in the interpretation of M2 confirms the positive impact of workers' remittances on M2. The results of the two variables are also integrated, thereby yielding at least one integration between the two variables at the level of statistical significance.
Derivative Analysis of Global Average Temperatures
Authors: Sands Timothy
Published: January 2020

Contemporary climate studies are quite numerous, and the topic in general has become politically charged, where opposing political interests have generated juxtaposed studies with contradictory results despite near unanimous acceptance of the fact the planet is warning.  One emotionally charged issue is whether the increase is man-made or naturally occurring.  This study avoids political pitfalls and controversial postulations, instead seeking to add to the literature a mathematical catastrophe analysis based on derivative modelling and extrapolation to deduce whether an unexpected (sudden) rise or fall in dynamic global atmospheric temperatures (e.g. an ice age) is predicted by the dynamic atmospheric temperature data.  The study concludes that extrapolations of a derivative model encounter an unstable equilibrium point at the end of this century leading to a prediction of the potential for a sudden, dramatic increase in global average temperatures. The author takes care not to make controversial predictions, instead merely follows the mathematical facts where they lead:  The potential for a catastrophe if the unnamed causes of global temperature increases remain unaddressed.
Studija primarnoga otvaranja šuma gospodarske jedinice Crno jezero – Marković rudine Šumarije Otočac
Authors: Papa Ivica , Pentek Tibor , Janeš David , Valinčić Enio , Đuka Andreja
Published: January 2020

Kvalitetno isplanirana i u šumski ekosustav optimalno uklopljena šumska prometna infrastruktura jedan je od osnovnih preduvjeta potrebnih za današnje racionalno gospodarenje šumskim ekosustavom. Ukupna količina šumskih prometnica, njihov razmještaj u prostoru te njihove propisane tehničke značajke moraju biti dostatne za što kvalitetnije upravljanje šumom. Ako je šumska prometna infrastruktura pravilno položena u prostoru, ona omogućuje izvođenje svih zadataka predviđenih šumskogospodarskim planovima na određenom šumskom području, uz minimalne troškove njihove izgradnje i održavanja uz maksimalan učinak. U ovom radu prikazano je sadašnje stanje primarne otvorenosti gospodarske jedinice Crno jezero – Marković rudine te su predložene smjernice njezina daljnjega otvaranja s ciljem dostizanja vrlo dobre primarne relativne otvorenosti. Terenski su podaci obrađeni u računalnim programima ArcGIS 10.4 i QGIS 2.18.20. Ustanovljeno je da klasična otvorenost šuma u toj gospodarskoj jedinici iznosi 13,66 km/1000 ha, što ne udovoljava ni minimalno propisanoj klasičnoj otvorenosti koja za gorsko-planinsko reljefno područje iznosi 15 km/1000 ha. Analizirajući rezultate primarne relativne otvorenosti, zatečeno je vrlo slično stanje kao i kod klasične otvorenosti: primarna relativna otvorenost iznosi 45,05 %, što se smatra nedovoljnom primarnom relativnom otvorenošću. Nadalje, analizirana je postojeća srednja geometrijska udaljenost privlačenja drva za svaki odsjek zasebno te je utvrđeno da taj parametar na razini gospodarske jedinice iznosi 258,74 m. Pomnim planiranjem projektirano je ukupno 53,05 km novih trasa šumskih cesta, što je u konačnici rezultiralo povećanjem klasične otvorenosti šuma na 22,82 km/1000 ha, primarne relativne otvorenosti na 75,8 % te smanjenjem srednje geometrijske udaljenosti privlačenja drva na 140,55 m.