bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sneutrino Dark Matter in the BLSSM
Authors: Rose Luigi Delle , Khalil Shaaban , King Simon J. D. , Kulkarni Suchita , Marzo Carlo , Moretti Stefano , Un Cem S.
Published: July 2018

Abstract

In the framework of the (B − L) Supersymmetric Standard Model (BLSSM), we assess the ability of ground and space based experiments to establish the nature of its prevalent Dark Matter (DM) candidate, the sneutrino, which could either be CP-even or -odd. Firstly, by benchmarking this theory construct against the results obtained by the Planck spacecraft, we extract the portions of the BLSSM parameter space compliant with relic density data. Secondly, we show that, based on current sensitivities of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (FermiLAT) and their future projections, the study of high-energy γ-ray spectra will eventually enable us to extract evidence of this DM candidate through its annihilations into W
+
W
− pairs (in turn emitting photons), in the form of both an integrated flux and a differential energy spectrum which cannot be reconciled with the assumption of DM being fermionic (like, e.g., a neutralino), although it should not be possible to distinguish between the scalar and pseudoscalar hypotheses. Thirdly, we show that, while underground direct detection experiments will have little scope in testing sneutrino DM, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) may be able to do so in a variety of multi-lepton signatures, with and without accompanying jets (plus missing transverse energy), following data collection during Run 2 and 3.
NA62 sensitivity to heavy neutral leptons in the low scale seesaw model
Authors: Drewes Marco , Hajer Jan , Klaric Juraj , Lanfranchi Gaia
Published: July 2018

Abstract

The sensitivity of beam dump experiments to heavy neutral leptons depends on the relative strength of their couplings to individual lepton flavours in the Standard Model. We study the impact of present neutrino oscillation data on these couplings in the minimal type I seesaw model and find that it significantly constrains the allowed heavy neutrino flavour mixing patterns. We estimate the effect that the DUNE experiment will have on these predictions. We then discuss implication that this has for the sensitivity of the NA62 experiment when operated in the beam dump mode and provide sensitivity estimates for different benchmark scenarios. We find that the sensitivity can vary by almost two orders of magnitude for general choices of the model parameters, but depends only weakly on the flavour mixing pattern within the parameter range that is preferred by neutrino oscillation data.
Universal properties of pseudoscalar mediators in dark matter extensions of 2HDMs
Authors: Bauer Martin , Klassen Martin , Tenorth Valentin
Published: July 2018

Abstract

We discuss universal signals of consistent models of pseudoscalar mediators for collider searches for Dark Matter. Keeping only the degrees of freedom that can not be decoupled due to consistency conditions, we present a universality class of simplified models with pseudoscalar mediators and renormalizable couplings to Standard Model fields. We compute stability and perturbativity constraints, constraints from electroweak precision measurements, collider searches for new heavy particles as well as constraints from relic density measurements and indirect detection experiments searching for signals of Dark Matter annihilation into photons. We find that the mono-Z final state is the strongest, universal signal of this class of models, with additional signatures present in the different ultraviolet completions that can be used to distinguish between them.
Integrable spin chain for stringy Wess-Zumino-Witten models
Authors: Dei A. , Sfondrini A.
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Building on [31] we investigate the integrable structure of the Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model describing closed strings on AdS3× S 3× T4. Using the recently-proposed integrable S matrix we show analytically that all wrapping corrections cancel and that the theory has a natural spin-chain interpretation. We construct the integrable spin chain and discuss its relation with the WZW description. Finally we compute the spin-chain spectrum in closed form and show that it matches the WZW prediction on the nose.
Parameterized verification of monotone information systems
Authors: Chane-Yack-Fa Raphaël , Frappier Marc , Mammar Amel , Finkel Alain
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we study the information system verification problem as a parameterized verification one. Informations systems are modeled as multi-parameterized systems in a formal language based on the Algebraic State-Transition Diagrams (ASTD) notation. Then, we use the Well Structured Transition Systems (WSTS) theory to solve the coverability problem for an unbounded ASTD state space. Moreover, we define a new framework to prove the effective pred-basis condition of WSTSs, i.e. the computability of a base of predecessors for every states.
The influence of junior coaches on club members in the Start2Finish Running & Reading Club: A qualitative study
Authors: Shaikh Majidullah , Forneris Tanya
Published: July 2018

Introduction

This study's purpose was to explore youth leaders' involvement and influence on younger program participants in a physical‐activity‐based positive youth development program (PA‐PYD).

Methods

A case study was conducted where 16 youth leaders (8 males, 8 females, Mage = 13.37, SD = 1.36) and 15 program participants (8 males, 7 females, Mage = 10.53, SD = 1.12) from four sites of a PA‐PYD program in Canada participated in one‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews regarding their program experiences. A deductive‐inductive thematic analysis was conducted.

Results

Five themes were identified: (a) learning and building skills, (b) receiving support, (c) enjoyment, (d) relatability, and (e) challenges faced. Program participants shared several ways in which the youth leaders they interacted with had a positive influence on their personal experiences. The youth leaders’ perceptions largely aligned with those of the program participants.

Conclusions

This study provides insight into the value that youth leaders can bring to youth programming.
On the splash singularity for the free-surface of a Navier–Stokes fluid
Authors: Coutand Daniel , Shkoller Steve
Published: July 2018

In fluid dynamics, an interface
splash
singularity occurs when a locally smooth interface self-intersects in finite time. We prove that for
d
-dimensional flows,

d = 2

or 3, the free-surface of a viscous water wave, modeled by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with moving free-boundary, has a finite-time splash singularity for a large class of specially prepared initial data. In particular, we prove that given a sufficiently smooth initial boundary (which is close to self-intersection) and a divergence-free velocity field designed to push the boundary towards self-intersection, the interface will indeed self-intersect in finite time.
Comparison of conventional and structured report in the evaluation of Crohn’s disease through enterography
Authors: Gomez Alvaro Ariel , Nunes Thiago Franchi , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Rissato Denise Maria , Tibana Tiago Kojun , Adôrno Isa Felix , Dourado Doroty Mesquita
Published: July 2018

Context There is an increasing interest in the standardization of the evaluation of imaging exams, especially enterography in Crohn’s disease.

Objective To compare the quality of the conventional report with the structured report in computed tomography enterography in Crohn’s disease.

Method Nine CT enterographies of patients with Crohn’s disease with conventional reports were performed; after the standardization of the structured report by the radiology department of a university hospital that is a reference in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the same exams were reevaluated, and new reports were issued, without the radiologists having access to the previous report; the 18 reports underwent evaluation of five specialists in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, resulting in 90 analyses of the report; the specialists evaluated the following criteria: clarity of the information of the report, ease in characterizing the extension of the disease, ease in defining the presence of complications, usefulness of the exam to define the behavior, and ease in defining the activity of the disease, with the use of a 0–10 score. The statistical analysis was perfrmed with Wilcoxon’s non-parametric test, considering a significance level of 5%.

Results The mean scores assigned to the exam reports, using both reports (unstructured and structured) ranged from 7.98 to 9.16; however, the scores of the structured reports were significantly higher (p < 0.003).

Conclusion In the specialists’ evaluation, the structured report was shown to be of better quality than the unstructured one in the CT enterography of patients with Crohn’s Disease.
Use of real-time semiquantitative PCR data in management of a neonatal intensive care unit adenovirus outbreak
Authors: Hysmith Nicholas D. , Tanner Mary R. , Arnold Sandra R. , Buckingham Steven C. , Patel Anami R. , Dhanireddy Ramasubbareddy , Comeaux Katha , Joyner Joy , Hoehn Mary Ellen , DeVincenzo John P.
Published: July 2018

Objective

To describe an adenovirus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), including the use of qualitative and semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data to inform the outbreak response.

Design

Mixed prospective and retrospective observational study.

Setting

A level IV NICU in the southeastern United States.

Patients

Two adenovirus cases were identified in a NICU. Screening of all inpatients with qPCR on nasopharyngeal specimens revealed 11 additional cases.

Interventions

Outbreak response procedures, including enhanced infection control policies, were instituted. Serial qPCR studies were used to screen for new infections among exposed infants and to monitor viral clearance among cases. Changes to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) exam procedures were made after an association was noted in those patients. At the end of the outbreak, a retrospective review allowed for comparison of clinical factors between the infected and uninfected groups.

Results

There were no new cases among patients after outbreak identification. One adenovirus-infected patient died; the others recovered their clinical baselines. The ROP exams were associated with an increased risk of infection (odds ratio [OR], 84.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5–1,601). The duration of the outbreak response was 33 days, and the previously described second wave of cases after the end of the outbreak did not occur. Revisions to infection control policies remained in effect following the outbreak.

Conclusions

Retinopathy of prematurity exams are potential mechanisms of adenovirus transmission, and autoclaved or single-use instruments should be used to minimize this risk. Real-time molecular diagnostic and quantification data guided outbreak response procedures, which rapidly contained and fully terminated a NICU adenovirus outbreak.
Axisymmetric simulation of viscoelastic filament thinning with the Oldroyd-B model
Authors: Turkoz Emre , Lopez-Herrera Jose M. , Eggers Jens , Arnold Craig B. , Deike Luc
Published: July 2018

A fundamental understanding of the filament thinning of viscoelastic fluids is important in practical applications such as spraying and printing of complex materials. Here, we present direct numerical simulations of the two-phase axisymmetric momentum equations using the volume-of-fluid technique for interface tracking and the log-conformation transformation to solve the viscoelastic constitutive equation. The numerical results for the filament thinning are in excellent agreement with the theoretical description developed with a slender body approximation. We show that the off-diagonal stress component of the polymeric stress tensor is important and should not be neglected when investigating the later stages of filament thinning. This demonstrates that such numerical methods can be used to study details not captured by the one-dimensional slender body approximation, and pave the way for numerical studies of viscoelastic fluid flows.
A new damsel-dragonfly of the small family Selenothemistidae from the Late Jurassic of China (Odonata, Isophlebioptera)
Authors: Huang Diying , Cai Chenyang , Nel André
Published: July 2018

Sinothemis difficilis new genus new species, youngest and first accurate Chinese representative of the small family Selenothemistidae, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to the genus Turanothemis, known from the Karatau outcrop in Kazakhstan. The genus Caraphlebia, known from the Middle Jurassic of Antarctica, seems to strongly differ from the other representatives of this family and may belong to another family. The fossil was collected from the Upper Jurassic (157.3 ± 1.5 Ma; near Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary) Guancaishan locality, Jianping County, Western Liaoning, NE China. It belongs to the late assemblage of the Yanliao biota, while the early assemblage is represented by the putatively close damsel-dragonfly Paraliassophlebia from the Jiulongshan Formation of northern Hebei Province.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/8b11b148-852e-4079-a9fb-1884bf4b6d94
Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Resilience Against Emotional Distress: An Integrative Brain-Personality-Symptom Approach Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Moore Matthew , Culpepper Steven , Phan K. Luan , Strauman Timothy J. , Dolcos Florin , Dolcos Sanda
Published: July 2018

Clarifying individual differences that predict resilience or vulnerability to emotional distress is crucial for identifying etiological factors contributing to affective disturbances, and to promoting emotional well-being. Despite recent progress identifying specific brain regions and personality traits, it remains unclear whether there are common factors underlying the structural aspects of the brain and the personality traits that, in turn, protect against symptoms of emotional distress. In the present study, an integrative structural equation model was developed to examine the associations among (1) a latent construct ofControl, representing the volumes of a system of prefrontal cortical (PFC) regions including middle, inferior, and orbital frontal cortices; (2) a latent construct ofResiliencepersonality traits including cognitive reappraisal, positive affectivity, and optimism; and (3)AnxietyandDepressionsymptoms, in a sample of 85 healthy young adults. Results showed that the latent construct of PFC volumes positively predicted the latent construct ofResilience, which in turn negatively predictedAnxiety. Mediation analysis confirmed that greater latent PFC volume is indirectly associated with lowerAnxietysymptoms through greater latent traitResilience. The model did not show a significant mediation forDepression. These results support the idea that there are common volumetric and personality factors that help protect against symptoms of emotional distress. These findings provide strong evidence that such brain-personality-symptom approaches can provide novel insights with valuable implications for understanding the interaction of these factors in healthy and clinically diagnosed individuals.
Epigenetic Modification of OXTR is Associated with Openness to Experience
Authors: Haas Brian W. , Smith Alicia K. , Nishitani Shota
Published: July 2018

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide known to influence social and cognitive processing across several mammalian species. There currently exists a mixed and controversial pattern of evidence that oxytocin pathway genes confer individual differences in social cognition and personality in humans. Inconsistencies across studies may in part be explained by the presence of intermediary, epigenetic, variables that exist between genotype and phenotype. This study was designed to investigate the association between epigenetic modification of the Oxytocin Receptor Gene (OXTR), via DNA methylation, and Big-5 personality traits. Genetic data were collected via saliva samples and analyzed to quantify DNA methylation within the promoter region of OXTR. The results indicate that Openness to Experience is associated with OXTR DNA methylation, while controlling for the remaining Big-5 personality dimensions (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) and sex and age. This finding provides additional support for models associating oxytocin with individual differences in personality and identity in humans.
The Unifying and Divisive Effects of Social Identities: Religious and Ethnopolitical Identities Among Mindanao Muslims in the Philippines
Authors: Macapagal Ma. Elizabeth J. , Montiel Cristina J. , Canuday Jose Jowel P.
Published: July 2018

The present study looks into the unifying and divisive effects of ethnopolitical and religious social identities, and an emerging superordinate Bangsamoro identity of Muslims in the southern region of the Philippines. We surveyed 394 Muslims with a mean age of 32.6 and standard deviation of 13.3 from the Tausug, Maranao, and Maguindanaoan ethnopolitical affiliations using various measures of social identities. Findings showed that the Muslims in our sample identify themselves more strongly with their religious identity over their ethnopolitical affiliations. Religious identity may thus be a unifying element in the conflict-ridden context of Mindanao, as a significant correlation was also found between their Muslim identity and attitudes toward the superordinate Bangsamoro identity. Qualitative data on the meaning of Bangsamoro were also analysed and revealed that Bangsamoro means a fusion of Mindanao, Islam, and peace/unity. However, data also reveal the divisive effects of ethnic identity. A moderately high overlap was found between their own ethnic identity and the Bangsamoro identity. The Tausugs, the low-power group in the peace talks, showed lesser overlap compared to Maguinanaons, suggesting that ethnopolitical, or what observers of Mindanao conflict have referred to as ‘tribal’ relations, implicates the respondent's perception of a superordinate Bangsamoro identity.
Using Stable Carbon Isotopes to Quantify Radiocarbon Reservoir Age Offsets in the Coastal Black Sea
Authors: Soulet Guillaume , Giosan Liviu , Flaux Clément , Galy Valier
Published: July 2018

Constraining radiocarbon (14C) reservoir age offsets is critical to deriving accurate calendar-age chronologies from 14C dating of materials which did not draw carbon directly from the atmosphere. The application of 14C dating to such materials is severely limited in hydrologically sensitive environments like the Black Sea because of the difficulty to quantify reservoir age offsets, which can vary quickly and significantly through time, due to the dynamics of the biogeochemical cycling of carbon. Here we reconstruct 14C reservoir age offsets (Rshell-atm) of Holocene bivalve shells from the coastal Black Sea relatively to their contemporaneous atmosphere. We show that the 14C reservoir age offset and the stable carbon isotope composition of bivalve shells are linearly correlated in this region. From a biogeochemical standpoint, this suggests that inorganic stable carbon isotope and 14C compositions of Black Sea coastal waters are controlled by the balance between autochthonous primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration of allochthonous pre-aged terrestrial organic matter supplied by rivers. This provided an important implication for Black Sea geochronology as the reservoir age offset of 14C-dated bivalve shell can be inferred from its stable carbon isotope composition. Our results provide a fundamental and inexpensive geochemical tool which will considerably improve the accuracy of Holocene calendar age chronologies in the Black Sea.
Resolving the taxonomic status of biocontrol agents belonging to theAphidius eadyispecies group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae): an integrative approach
Authors: Petrović A. , Mitrović M. , Ghaliow M.E. , Ivanović A. , Kavallieratos N.G. , Starý P. , Tomanović Ž.
Published: July 2018

Species that belong to theAphidius eadyigroup have been used as biocontrol agents againstAcyrthosiphon pisumworldwide. However, despite their extensive use, there are still gaps in our knowledge about their taxonomy and distribution. In this study, we employed an integrative taxonomic approach by combining genetic analyses (mtDNA COI barcoding) with standard morphological analyses and geometric morphometrics of forewing shape. We identified three species within theA. eadyispecies group, viz.,A. smithi,A. eadyiandA. banksae. Genetic separation of all three species was confirmed, with mean genetic distances between species ranging from 5 to 7.4%. The following morphological characters were determined as the most important for separating species of theA. eadyigroup: number and shape of costulae on the anterolateral part of the petiole, shape of the central areola on the propodeum, and shape and venation of the forewings. The differences in wing shape of all three species were statistically significant, but with some overlapping. We identifiedA. banksaeas a widely distributed pea aphid parasitoid, whose known range covers most of the western Palaearctic (from the UK to Israel).Aphidius banksaeis diagnosed and redescribed.
Preliminary outcomes of endoscopic middle-ear surgery in 103 cases: a UK experience
Authors: Yiannakis C P , Sproat R , Iyer A
Published: July 2018

Background

Totally endoscopic ear surgery and endoscope-assisted microsurgery are still new concepts, with relatively few centres in the UK performing them. Advantages include better visualisation of difficult to reach areas, such as the sinus tympani, and limited external incisions. This paper reports our short-term outcomes for endoscopic middle-ear surgery.

Methods

A prospective review was conducted of the first 103 consecutive patients undergoing totally endoscopic ear surgery or endoscope-assisted microsurgery in 1 centre performed by 1 operator. The outcomes assessed were: tympanic membrane healing, audiological data and complications.

Results

Twenty-five patients underwent endoscope-assisted microsurgery, while 78 had totally endoscopic ear surgery. There were no reported cases of dead ear or permanent facial nerve palsy. The average air–bone gap following stapedectomy was 7.38 dB. The tympanic membrane healing rate was 89 per cent.

Conclusion

Our results confirm that endoscopic middle-ear surgery is safe, and the short-term outcomes are comparable with conventional surgery.
Reducing micronutrient deficiencies in Pakistani children: are subsidies on fortified complementary foods cost-effective?
Authors: Wieser Simon , Brunner Beatrice , Tzogiou Christina , Plessow Rafael , Zimmermann Michael B , Farebrother Jessica , Soofi Sajid , Bhatti Zaid , Ahmed Imran , Bhutta Zulfiqar A
Published: July 2018

Objective

To estimate the cost-effectiveness of price subsidies on fortified packaged complementary foods (FPCF) in reducing iodine deficiency, iron-deficiency anaemia and vitamin A deficiency in Pakistani children.

Design

The study proceeded in three steps: (i) we determined the current lifetime costs of the three micronutrient deficiencies with a health economic model; (ii) we assessed the price sensitivity of demand for FPCF with a market survey in two Pakistani districts; (iii) we combined the findings of the first two steps with the results of a systematic review on the effectiveness of FPCF in reducing micronutrient deficiencies. The cost-effectiveness was estimated by comparing the net social cost of price subsidies with the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted.

Setting

Districts of Faisalabad and Hyderabad in Pakistan.

Subjects

Households with 6–23-month-old children stratified by socio-economic strata.

Results

The lifetime social costs of iodine deficiency, iron-deficiency anaemia and vitamin A deficiency in 6–23-month-old children amounted to production losses of $US 209 million and 175 000 DALY. Poor households incurred the highest costs, yet even wealthier households suffered substantial losses. Wealthier households were more likely to buy FPCF. The net cost per DALY of the interventions ranged from a return per DALY averted of $US 783 to $US 65. Interventions targeted at poorer households were most cost-effective.

Conclusions

Price subsidies on FPCF might be a cost-effective way to reduce the societal costs of micronutrient deficiencies in 6–23-month-old children in Pakistan. Interventions targeting poorer households are especially cost-effective.
Can front-of-pack labels influence portion size judgements for unhealthy foods?
Authors: Talati Zenobia , Pettigrew Simone , Kelly Bridget , Ball Kylie , Neal Bruce , Dixon Helen , Shilton Trevor , Miller Caroline
Published: July 2018

Objective

By clearly conveying the healthiness of a food, front-of-pack (FOP) labels have the potential to influence the portion size considered appropriate for consumption. The present study examined the how the Daily Intake Guide (DIG), Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL) and Health Star Rating (HSR) FOP labels affect judgements of appropriate portion sizes of unhealthy foods compared with when no FOP label is present.

Design

Respondents viewed mock packages of unhealthy variations of pizzas, cookies, yoghurts and cornflakes featuring the DIG, MTL, HSR or no FOP label, and indicated the portion size they believed should be eaten of each food on a single occasion.

Setting

The survey was completed on the respondent’s personal computer.

Subjects

A total of 1505 Australian adults provided 4166 ratings across 192 mock packages relating to four product categories: pizza, yoghurt, cornflakes and cookies.

Results

Compared with no FOP label, the HSR resulted in a small but significant reduction in the portion size selected as appropriate for consumption of pizzas and cornflakes (P<0·05). The MTL resulted in smaller portions of cornflakes being selected compared with no FOP label (P<0·05).

Conclusions

Respondents perceived smaller portion sizes as appropriate for some, but not all, of the foods tested when FOP labels with more interpretative formats (HSR, MTL) appeared on-pack compared with no FOP label. No effect was found for the less interpretive FOP label (the DIG). Interpretive FOP labels may have the potential to influence portion size judgements, albeit at modest levels.
Facial Reactivity and Attentional Processing of Facial Expressions and Gaze Direction
Authors: Kettle Jonathan W. L. , Allen Nicholas B.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Patterns of facial reactivity and attentional allocation to emotional facial expressions, and how these are moderated by gaze direction, are not clearly established. Among a sample of undergraduate university students, aged between 17 and 22 years (76% female), corrugator and zygomatic reactivity, as measured by facial electromyography, and attention allocation, as measured by the startle reflex and startle-elicited N100, was examined while viewing happy, neutral, angry and fearful facial expressions, which were presented at either 0- or 30-degree gaze. Results indicated typically observed facial mimicry to happy faces but, unexpectedly, “smiling” facial responses to fearful, and to a lesser extent, angry faces. This facial reactivity was not influenced by gaze direction. Furthermore, emotional facial expressions did not elicit increased attentional allocation. Likewise, matched facial expressions did not elicit increased attentional allocation. Rather, happy and fearful faces with direct (0°) gaze elicited increased controlled attentional allocation, and averted (30°) gaze faces, regardless of emotional expression, elicited preferential, early cortical processing. These findings suggest typical facial mimicry to happy faces, but unexpected facial reactivity to angry and fearful faces, perhaps due to an attempt to regulate social bonds during threat perception. Findings also suggest a divergence in controlled versus preferential, early cortical attentional processing for direct compared to averted gaze faces. These findings relate to young, mostly female, adults attending university. The experiment should be repeated with a larger sample drawn from the general community, with a broader age range and gender balance, and with a stimulus set with validated subjective valence and arousal ratings. This can reduce Type II error and establish normative patterns of facial reactivity and attentional processing of emotional facial expressions with different gaze directions.
The Efficiency of Data Assimilation
Authors: Nearing Grey , Yatheendradas Soni , Crow Wade , Zhan Xiwu , Liu Jicheng , Chen Fan
Published: July 2018

Data assimilation is the application of Bayes' theorem to condition the states of a dynamical systems model on observations. Any real‐world application of Bayes' theorem is approximate, and therefore, we cannot expect that data assimilation will preserve all of the information available from models and observations. We outline a framework for measuring information in models, observations, and evaluation data in a way that allows us to quantify information loss during (necessarily imperfect) data assimilation. This facilitates quantitative analysis of trade‐offs between improving (usually expensive) remote sensing observing systems versus improving data assimilation design and implementation. We demonstrate this methodology on a previously published application of the ensemble Kalman filter used to assimilate remote sensing soil moisture retrievals from Advanced Microwave Scattering Radiometer for Earth (AMSR‐E) into the Noah land surface model.
Saturn's Northern Aurorae at Solstice From HST Observations Coordinated With Cassini's Grand Finale
Authors: Lamy L. , Prangé R. , Tao C. , Kim T. , Badman S. V. , Zarka P. , Cecconi B. , Kurth W. S. , Pryor W. , Bunce E. , Radioti A.
Published: July 2018

Throughout 2017, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observed the northern far‐ultraviolet aurorae of Saturn at northern solstice, during the Cassini Grand Finale. These conditions provided a complete viewing of the northern auroral region from Earth and a maximal solar illumination, expected to maximize the ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling. We analyze 24 HST images concurrently with Cassini measurements of Saturn's kilometric radiation and solar wind parameters predicted by two magnetohydrodynamic models. The aurorae reveal highly variable components, down to timescales of minutes, radiating 7 to 124 GW. They include a nightside‐shifted main oval, unexpectedly frequent and bright cusp emissions, and a dayside low‐latitude component. On average, these emissions display a strong local time dependence with two maxima at dawn and premidnight, the latter being newly observed and attributed to nightside injections possibly associated with solstice conditions. These results provide a reference frame to analyze Cassini in situ measurements, whether simultaneous or not.
Correction: Publisher Correction: Brain-specific Crmp2 deletion leads to neuronal development deficits and behavioural impairments in mice
Authors: Zhang Hongsheng , Kang Eunchai , Wang Yaqing , Yang Chaojuan , Yu Hui , Wang Qin , Chen Zheyu , Zhang Chen , Christian Kimberly M. , Song Hongjun , Ming Guo-li , Xu Zhiheng
Published: July 2018

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 11773 (2016); Published 1 June 2016, Updated 18 July 2018 The original HTML version of this Article had an incorrect article number of ‘0’; it should have been ‘11773’. This has now been corrected in the HTML version of the Article. The PDF version was correct from the time of publication.
Correction: Publisher Correction: Smac mimetics synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors to promote tumour immunity against glioblastoma
Authors: Beug Shawn T. , Beauregard Caroline E. , Healy Cristin , Sanda Tarun , St-Jean Martine , Chabot Janelle , Walker Danielle E. , Mohan Aditya , Earl Nathalie , Lun Xueqing , Senger Donna L. , Robbins Stephen M. , Staeheli Peter , Forsyth Peter A. , Alain Tommy , LaCasse Eric C. , Korneluk Robert G.
Published: July 2018

Nature Communications 8: Article number: 14278 (2017); Published 15 February 2017, Updated 18 July 2018 The original HTML version of this Article omitted the article number; it should have been ‘14278’. This has now been corrected in the HTML version of the Article. The PDF version was correct from the time of publication.
Disruption of glial cell development by Zika virus contributes to severe microcephalic newborn mice
Authors: Li Cui , Wang Qin , Jiang Yisheng , Ye Qing , Xu Dan , Gao Fei , Xu Jesse W. , Wang Ruoke , Zhu Xingliang , Shi Lei , Yu Lei , Zhang Fuchun , Guo Weixiang , Zhang Linqi , Qin Cheng-Feng , Xu Zhiheng
Published: July 2018

The causal link between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and microcephaly has raised alarm worldwide. Microglial hyperplasia, reactive gliosis, and myelination delay have been reported in ZIKV-infected microcephalic fetuses. However, whether and how ZIKV infection affects glial cell development remain unclear. Here we show that ZIKV infection of embryos at the later stage of development causes severe microcephaly after birth. ZIKV infects the glial progenitors during brain development. Specifically, ZIKV infection disturbs the proliferation and differentiation of the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and leads to the abolishment of oligodendrocyte development. More importantly, a single intraperitoneal injection of pregnant mice with a human monoclonal neutralizing antibody provides full protection against ZIKV infection and its associated damages in the developing fetuses. Our results not only provide more insights into the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection, but also present a new model for the preclinical test of prophylactic and therapeutic agents against ZIKV infection.
Postsynaptic p47phox regulates long-term depression in the hippocampus
Authors: Yi Jee Hyun , Kim Dong Hyun , Piers Thomas M. , Kim Seung Chan , Whitcomb Daniel J. , Regan Philip , Cho Kwangwook
Published: July 2018

It is well documented that reactive oxygen species (ROS) affects neurodegeneration in the brain. Several studies also implicate ROS in the regulation of synapse function and learning and memory processes, although the precise source of ROS generation within these contexts remains to be further explored. Here we show that postsynaptic superoxide generation through PKCζ-activated NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is critical for long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in the CA1–Shaffer collateral synapse of the rat hippocampus. Specifically, PKCζ-dependent phosphorylation of p47phox at serine 316, a NOX2 regulatory subunit, is required for LTD but is not necessary for long-term potentiation (LTP). Our data suggest that postsynaptic p47phox phosphorylation at serine 316 is a key upstream determinant for LTD and synapse weakening.
Publisher Correction: Bcl11b is essential for licensing Th2 differentiation during helminth infection and allergic asthma
Authors: Lorentsen Kyle J. , Cho Jonathan J. , Luo Xiaoping , Zuniga Ashley N. , Urban Joseph F. , Zhou Liang , Gharaibeh Raad , Jobin Christian , Kladde Michael P. , Avram Dorina
Published: July 2018

In the originally published version of this Article, the affiliation details for Dorina Avram incorrectly included “Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA”, instead of “UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA”. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Environmental engineering for quantum energy transport
Authors: Uchiyama Chikako , Munro William J. , Nemoto Kae
Published: July 2018

Transport phenomena are ubiquitous throughout the science, engineering, and technology disciplines as it concerns energy, mass, charge, and information exchange between systems. In particular, energy transport in the nanoscale regime has attracted significant attention within the physical science community due to its potential to explain complex phenomena like the electronic energy transfer in molecular crystals or the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO)/light harvesting complexes in photosynthetic bacteria with long time coherences. Energy transport in these systems is highly affected by environmental noise but surprisingly not always in a detrimental way. It was recently found that situations exist where noise actually enhances the transport phenomena. Such noise can take many forms, but can be characterised in three basic behaviors: quantum, correlation in time, or space. All have been shown potential to offer an energy transport enhancement. The focus of this work is on quantum transport caused by stochastic environment with spatio-temporal correlation. We consider a multi-site nearest neighbor interaction model with pure dephasing environmental noise with spatio-temporal correlation and show how an accelerated rate for the energy transfer results especially under negative spatial correlation (anti-correlation). Spatial anti-correlation provides another control parameter to help one establish the most efficient transfer of energy and may provide new insights into the working of exciton transport in photosynthetic complexes. Further the usage of spatio-temporal correlated noise may be a beneficial resource for efficient transport in large scale quantum networks.
Redefining environmental exposure for disease etiology
Authors: Rappaport Stephen M.
Published: July 2018

Etiological studies of human exposures to environmental factors typically rely on low-throughput methods that target only a few hundred chemicals or mixtures. In this Perspectives article, I outline how environmental exposure can be defined by the blood exposome—the totality of chemicals circulating in blood. The blood exposome consists of chemicals derived from both endogenous and exogenous sources. Endogenous chemicals are represented by the human proteome and metabolome, which establish homeostatic networks of functional molecules. Exogenous chemicals arise from diet, vitamins, drugs, pathogens, microbiota, pollution, and lifestyle factors, and can be measured in blood as subsets of the proteome, metabolome, metals, macromolecular adducts, and foreign DNA and RNA. To conduct ‘exposome-wide association studies’, blood samples should be obtained prospectively from subjects—preferably at critical stages of life—and then analyzed in incident disease cases and matched controls to find discriminating exposures. Results from recent metabolomic investigations of archived blood illustrate our ability to discover potentially causal exposures with current technologies.
Publisher Correction: A globally-distributed alien invasive species poses risks to United States imperiled species
Authors: McClure Meredith L. , Burdett Christopher L. , Farnsworth Matthew L. , Sweeney Steven J. , Miller Ryan S.
Published: July 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Publisher Correction: Community Detection in Complex Networks via Clique Conductance
Authors: Lu Zhenqi , Wahlström Johan , Nehorai Arye
Published: July 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Assessment of care pattern and outcome in hemangioblastoma
Authors: Huang Yuqian , Chan Lilian , Bai Harrison X. , Li Xuejun , Zhang Zishu , Wang Yinyan , Cao Ya , Karakousis Giorgos , Huang Raymond , Xiao Bo , Zhang Paul J. , Yang Li
Published: July 2018

Due to its rarity, current literature assessing prognostic factors and survival outcomes of hemangioblastoma is limited. Patients with histologically confirmed hemangioblastoma were identified from the US National Cancer Data Base. 1488 patients met inclusion criteria. 644 patients underwent gross total resection (GTR), 220 subtotal resection (STR)/biopsy, 60 stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), 15 external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), 51 surgery followed by radiotherapy (SR + RT) and 498 no treatment. Independent predictors of shorter OS included age ≥ 40 (HR, 3.897; 95% CI, 2.341–6.487; p < 0.001), Charlson-Deyo score ≥ 1(HR, 1.756; 95% CI, 1.213–2.544; p = 0.003), tumor location in the brainstem (HR, 1.955; 95% CI, 1.129–3. 384; p = 0.017) compared to cerebellum, no treatment (HR, 2530; 95% CI, 1.533–4.177; p < 0.001) and receipt of EBRT (HR, 2.860; 95% CI, 1.073–7.618; p = 0.036) compared to STR/biopsy. GTR was associated with longer OS (HR 0.617; 95% CI, 0.391–0.974; p = 0.038), while SRS had comparable OS to STR/biopsy. The overall trend of OS by treatment modality was consistent after matching to age- and sex-matched US population data. In patients younger than 40 years, treatment was not a significant predictor of OS. In conclusion, GTR remained the optimal treatment for hemangioblastoma. SRS may perform similarly to surgery alone. Treatment was not a significant predictor of survival in younger patients.
Evaluating the bromodomain protein BRD1 as a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Klein Kerstin , Kato Masaru , Frank-Bertoncelj Mojca , Kolling Christoph , Ciurea Adrian , Gay Steffen , Ospelt Caroline
Published: July 2018

Targeting epigenetic reader proteins by small molecule inhibitors represents a new therapeutic concept in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although inhibitors targeting bromodomain protein 1 (BRD1) are in development, the function of BRD1 has hardly been studied. We investigated the therapeutic potential of BRD1 inhibition in joint-resident cells in RA, synovial fibroblasts (SF) and macrophages. The proliferation of SF was decreased upon BRD1 silencing, accompanied by the downregulation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation. Silencing of BRD1 in SF decreased the basal expression of MMP1 but increased TNF-α- and LPS-induced levels of MMP3, IL6 and IL8. In monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), silencing of BRD1 decreased the LPS-induced expression of TNF-α, but did not significantly affect basal and the TNF-α- and LPS-induced expression of IL6 and IL8. Our data point to a cell type- and a stimulus-specific function of BRD1. Inhibiting BRD1 could have potential beneficial effects in RA via decreasing the proliferation of SF. Anti-inflammatory effects were limited and only observed in MDM.
High-Performance Photodiode-Type Photodetectors Based on Polycrystalline Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Fan , Wang Yue , Zhu Lijie , Hu Yufeng , Lou Zhidong , Hou Yanbing , Teng Feng
Published: July 2018

Photodetectors based on three dimensional organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites have recently received significant attention. As a new type of light-harvesting materials, formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) is known to possess excellent optoelectronic properties even exceeding those of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). To date, only a few photoconductor-type photodetectors based on FAPbI3 single crystals and polycrystalline thin films in a lateral structure have been reported. Here, we demonstrate low-voltage, high-overall-performance photodiode-type photodetectors in a sandwiched geometry based on polycrystalline α-FAPbI3 thin films synthesized by a one-step solution processing method and post-annealing treatment. The photodetectors exhibit a broadband response from the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared (330–800 nm), achieving a high on/off current ratio of 8.6 × 104 and fast response times of 7.2/19.5 μs. The devices yield a photoresponsivity of 0.95 AW−1 and a high specific detectivity of 2.8 × 1012 Jones with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) approaching 182% at −1.0 V under 650 nm illumination. The photodiode-type photodetectors based on polycrystalline α-FAPbI3 thin films with superior performance consequently show great promise for future optoelectronic device applications.
Identification of ABCG2 as an Exporter of Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate in Mice and as a Crucial Factor Influencing CKD Progression
Authors: Takada T. , Yamamoto T. , Matsuo H. , Tan J. K. , Ooyama K. , Sakiyama M. , Miyata H. , Yamanashi Y. , Toyoda Y. , Higashino T. , Nakayama A. , Nakashima A. , Shinomiya N. , Ichida K. , Ooyama H. , Fujimori S. , Suzuki H.
Published: July 2018

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients accumulate uremic toxins in the body, potentially require dialysis, and can eventually develop cardiovascular disease. CKD incidence has increased worldwide, and preventing CKD progression is one of the most important goals in clinical treatment. In this study, we conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments and employed a metabolomics approach to investigate CKD. Our results demonstrated that ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is a major transporter of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate. ABCG2 regulates the pathophysiological excretion of indoxyl sulfate and strongly affects CKD survival rates. Our study is the first to report ABCG2 as a physiological exporter of indoxyl sulfate and identify ABCG2 as a crucial factor influencing CKD progression, consistent with the observed association between ABCG2 function and age of dialysis onset in humans. The above findings provided valuable knowledge on the complex regulatory mechanisms that regulate the transport of uremic toxins in our body and serve as a basis for preventive and individualized treatment of CKD.
Author Correction: Depth related adaptations in symbiont bearing benthic foraminifera: New insights from a field experiment on Operculina ammonoides
Authors: Oron Shai , Abramovich Sigal , Almogi-Labin Ahuva , Woeger Julia , Erez Jonathan
Published: July 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
The effect of succinate on brain NADH/NAD+ redox state and high energy phosphate metabolism in acute traumatic brain injury
Authors: Stovell Matthew G. , Mada Marius O. , Helmy Adel , Carpenter T. Adrian , Thelin Eric P. , Yan Jiun-Lin , Guilfoyle Mathew R. , Jalloh Ibrahim , Howe Duncan J. , Grice Peter , Mason Andrew , Giorgi-Coll Susan , Gallagher Clare N. , Murphy Michael P. , Menon David K. , Hutchinson Peter J. , Carpenter Keri L. H.
Published: July 2018

A key pathophysiological process and therapeutic target in the critical early post-injury period of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is cell mitochondrial dysfunction; characterised by elevation of brain lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio in the absence of hypoxia. We previously showed that succinate can improve brain extracellular chemistry in acute TBI, but it was not clear if this translates to a change in downstream energy metabolism. We studied the effect of microdialysis-delivered succinate on brain energy state (phosphocreatine/ATP ratio (PCr/ATP)) with 31P MRS at 3T, and tissue NADH/NAD+ redox state using microdialysis (L/P ratio) in eight patients with acute major TBI (mean 7 days). Succinate perfusion was associated with increased extracellular pyruvate (+26%, p < 0.0001) and decreased L/P ratio (−13%, p < 0.0001) in patients overall (baseline-vs-supplementation over time), but no clear-cut change in 31P MRS PCr/ATP existed in our cohort (p > 0.4, supplemented-voxel-vs-contralateral voxel). However, the percentage decrease in L/P ratio for each patient following succinate perfusion correlated significantly with their percentage increase in PCr/ATP ratio (Spearman's rank correlation, r = −0.86, p = 0.024). Our findings support the interpretation that L/P ratio is linked to brain energy state, and that succinate may support brain energy metabolism in select TBI patients suffering from mitochondrial dysfunction.