bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Educational Activities in the Context of Distance Learning
Authors:   SHEE ", Tsybulko Liudmyla ,   Donbas State Pedagogical University", Beletskyi Oleksii ,   SHEE "Donbas State Pedagogical University", Martinova Svitlana ,   SHEE "Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: July 2022

The authors of this article attempt to analyze the current school education state in the context of the using the distance learning system. The conditions which influence on the introduction of distance learning are analyzed. The study formulates the main problems of the educational activities in a school in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lacks of assessment in educational activities, lacks of direct contact between participants in the educational process, lacks of students’ motivation, non-participation parents to students’ success, indifference of children in society issues, limited forms and methods of educational activities in the context of distance learning, lacks of digital ethics skills and technical problems (lack of ability to use the Internet) and lacks of skills to use certain services are included to the main problems of the educational activities at school in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by authors. However, authors describe recommendations for raising educational activities to a higher level at a distance. This is the implementation of such distance learning tasks as the individualization of educational activities by the provision of personal tasks to a student, when a teacher takes into account his characteristics, abilities and interests; as the involvement of parents in the activities with children; as a teacher’s personal contact with students by the informal communication at a distance. In addition, the article focuses on the examples of educational activities forming with pupils. These are online competitions, projects, a formation of creative competitions (battles), a creation of blogs on topics. There are highlighted events which are gaining popularity on platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, TikTok and others. As a result, each student can be involved in creative activities.
Structural Components of Social Maturity Bachelor of Social Work
Authors:   SHEE ", Konoshenko Serhii ,   Donbas State Pedagogical University", Konoshenko Nataliia ,   SHEE "Donbas State Pedagogical University", Trubnik Inna ,   SHEE "Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: July 2022

The article reveals the structural components of social maturity of the bachelor of social work. The stages of social maturation of the individual are revealed. Social activity, tolerance, focus on socially significant values, creativity, reflection and social responsibility as the main components of social maturity of the bachelor of social work are substantiated. The development of social maturity of the individual is characterized as a long process during which the components of social maturity interact, integrate, complement and enrich each other. It is shown that the development of social maturity of the individual occurs in stages and in the process of social activity and enrichment of social experience, the individual gains more independence and becomes a full-fledged subject of professional activity. Social maturity is developed in the process of social interaction throughout a person's life and is manifested in his social attitudes, behavior and actions. It is substantiated that the structure of social maturity should be determined by the system of social relations; the structure of social maturity should be seen as a holistic unity that is in the process of continuous transformation; the hierarchy of components of social maturity of the individual should reflect the dialectic of social maturity as a phenomenon; the expediency of the choice of components should be justified not only by the importance of the presence of these characteristics in humans in modern social conditions, but also their manufacturability.
The Role of the Educational Component "Academic Writing" in the Professional Training of Specialists in the Socionomical Sphere
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Korneshchuk Viktoriia
Published: July 2022

The article describes the content and structure of the educational component «Academic Writing», teaching methods, criteria and means of assessing the expected learning outcomes, organizing independent work of applicants during its study. Examples of practical, training and creative tasks intended to form the necessary competencies and verification of expected learning results are presented. The necessity of continuous monitoring of the opinion of applicants regarding the quality of teaching academic writing is emphasized. Themethodology peculiarities of teaching academic writing for the first (Bachelor's) level of higher education of specialties «Psychology» and «Social Work» at the Department of Psychology and Social Work at the National University of Odesa Polytechnic, which is intended in particular to develop creativity and critical thinking of applicants through the performance of creative individual tasks; encouraging them to publish their own scientific achievements; an expedient combination of teaching methods in accordance with the purpose of a particular occupation and level of applicant preparation; clearness of criteria for evaluating various types of curriculums; combination of formal and informal education; taking into account the results of questionnaires for further improvement in teaching academic writing; ability to ensure the quality of OK training offline and online.
Interdisciplinary Integration as the Basis of a Complex Approach to the Doctors of Philosophy Training Program
Authors:   IHE ", Volkova Nataliia ,   Alfred Nobel University", Lebid’ Olga ,   IHE "Alfred Nobel University", Tokarieva Anastasiia ,   IHE "Alfred Nobel University"
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of interdisciplinary integration as a foundation for improving the effectiveness of scientific, theoretical and practical training of a new generation of teachers for professional and higher education. The key terms of the studied phenomenon – integration, integrative learning, integrative knowledge, «transferable skills» are considered. The four levels of integration possible in the learning process are described. Examples of foreign experience in the implementation of an integrated approach into the educational process in France, America, Finland, England are discussed, which can be used in the implementation of an integrated approach to the organization of the educational process in Ukrainian HEIs. The phenomenon of interdisciplinary integration is presented as a process of harmonizing the content of disciplines so that they reflect their singularity, continuity and holistic character of a professional activity, which leads to the strengthening of interdisciplinary links while maintaining theoretical and practical integrity of these disciplines. The results of implementing the integrated approach are described. As a result, future doctors of philosophy gain the ability to construct logical connections and ask research questions, find the necessary information, compare concepts and create integrative schemes for a holistic understanding of a phenomenon or a situation, transfer knowledge from one field to another and from one situation to a different one. Particular focus in the article is put on the questions of interdisciplinary integration in the system of future doctors of philosophy training.
Ecosystem Assessments in the Most Polluted Regions of Ukraine and Forecasting the State of the Environment
Authors:   National University ", Lazutkin Mykola ,   Zaporizhzhya Polytechnic", Zhuravel Serhii ,   National University "Zaporizhzhya Polytechnic", Zhuravel Mykola ,   National University "Zaporizhzhya Polytechnic", Kaplunovska Alla ,   National University "Zaporizhzhya Polytechnic"
Published: July 2022

The article considers the method of assessing the ecological condition of the territory of the Zaporozhye region, under the influence of negative factors of different nature. Zaporizhzhia region is one of the busiest regions in terms of industrial potential, which is due to the presence and concentration of enterprises of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, thermal power, nuclear energy, chemistry, and mechanical engineering. The region is a leading center of domestic aircraft engine construction, production of transformers and other high-tech products. According to the dynamics of pollutant emissions in Zaporizhia and the region, the largest contribution to air pollution in the Zaporizhia region (60-70%) is made by pollutant emissions from stationary sources of PJSC «Zaporizhstal», PJSC «Dniprospetsstal», PJSC «Ukrainian Graph» and others. Moreover, a significant part of industrial enterprises are located almost in the center of residential buildings, which forms the main man-made load on the environment of settlements. The main air pollutants in the region are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, thermal power, chemistry, and mechanical engineering, which account for almost 90% of emissions from the total amount of pollutants in the region. The purpose of the presented work is a method of assessing the ecological condition of the territories of the Zaporozhye region. To achieve this goal, an integrated criterion for assessing the ecological condition of the territory was developed. The table of risk indicators and health index for air quality is given, the data of which were compared with the calculations of total air pollution.
Partnership as a Basic Component of the Communicative Competence of Future Teachers in a Master's Program
Authors:   Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Dubasenyuk Oleksandra
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of theoretical analysis in the scientific literature of the problem of partnership interaction of applicants for higher pedagogical education. The basic concepts of the research are substantiated. It is revealed: partnership interaction is a humanistically oriented pedagogical process or personal contact of the subjects of the educational process, which results in mutual positive changes in their behavior, activities, qualities, attitudes. The emerging model of partnership interaction of masters is emerging It is revealed: partnership interaction is a humanistically oriented pedagogical process or personal contact of the subjects of the educational process, which results in mutual positive changes in their behavior, activities, qualities, attitudes. A model of partnership interaction of masters has been developed, which appears as an ideal image of pedagogical activity in a certain direction and contains conceptual, goal-motivational, semantic, methodical, effective components. A method of implementing the model was created, which provided for the formation of a creative level of partnership in the context of communicative competence of higher education seekers, which includes content, methodological and evaluation components. The stages and directions of introduction of the author's model by means of pedagogical disciplines (motivational, cognitive, activity) are revealed. The results of the pedagogical experiment are presented. Comparison of the results of the ascertaining and formative stages of the experiment revealed positive changes in the levels of development of partnership interaction of the respondents of the experimental group, in particular the growth of creative and constructive levels. In the control group, no significant changes in the defined parameters occurred. This conclusion confirms the effectiveness of the author's model implemented in the pedagogical experiment.
Modern Direction of the State System of Social Security and Social Work With Orphans
Authors:   SHEE ", Plisko Yevhen ,   Donbas State Pedagogical University", Kuznetsov Oleksandr ,   SHEE "Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: July 2022

The aim of the article is to analyze the features and specifics of the modern system of social security for orphans in Ukraine. The main legislative documents containing the main provisions on the protection of the rights of orphans and children deprived of parental care have been analyzed. State penitentiary institutions (orphanages, family-type orphanages, general and specialized boarding schools) and guardianship bodies (education and science bodies, departments (departments) for youth and sports, CSSSDM) have been established, which are responsible for caring for children, orphans and children deprived of parental rights. Priority forms of placement of this category of children have been formulated (transfer to a foster family (temporarily), establishment of guardianship, transfer to a foster family, transfer to a family-type orphanage, adoption). The further direction of development of the social security system for orphans and children deprived of parental care is determined and characterized by the implementation of the National Strategy for Reforming the Institutional Care and Upbringing of Children during 2017 – 2026. Сonditions for the development of various forms of maintenance of orphans, which are closest to family, and is represented by three stages: I stage of implementation of the strategy (2017 –2018) – evaluation of institutions and services in each region and writing regional plans; Phase II (2019 – 2024) – development of social, medical and educational services in communities with the gradual transformation of institutions in accordance with the regional plan; Stage III (2025 – 2026) – a comprehensive analysis of the situation and the definition of strategic directions.
Work on the Formation of Vocabulary in Preschool Children with GSU II Level in Terms of Research Activities
Authors:   MI ", Potamoshnіeva Olena ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy"
Published: July 2022

The article identifies the directions and features of vocabulary formation in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment of the second level. The essence of realization of research activity in preschool educational establishments and expediency of its use in work on formation of vocabulary of children with the general underdevelopment of speech of the II level is opened. A description of the state of vocabulary formation of children with GSU II level is given. The results of experimental research are presented, which proves the effectiveness of the use of research activities in working with children with speech disorders.
Sand Therapy as a Means of Correction of Uncertain Behavior of Younger Schoolchildren with General Inexperience of Speech
Authors:   MI ", Proskurniak Olena ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy", Ilchenko Oksana ,   MI "Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy", Kondratenko Valentyna ,   MI "Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy"
Published: July 2022

The article substantiates the need for correction of uncertain behavior of children with special educational needs, in particular with general underdevelopment of speech. Sand therapy is analyzed as a means of eliminating uncertainty among younger students with general underdevelopment of speech. The researches of scientists on this issue is analyzed and it an determined that sand therapy has recently been used in behavioral correction. In particular, the focus is on the fact that the results of the use of sand therapy depend on the goals that are set at the beginning of correction work. Sand therapy helps to improve the overall emotional state of the child, helps to eliminate fear, negative emotions, worries; develops imagination, creativity, thinking, speech, memory, attention and fine motor skills. It is outlined that for the experimental study 40 children with general speech underdevelopment were taken. Methods that allowed to detect uncertainty in the specified category of children are described. It has been proven that sand therapy is advisable to carry out with younger schoolchildren with general underdevelopment of speech individually or in small groups. The approximate scheme of work on sand therapy is determined, which covers the following stages: orientation, or the ritual of immersion in the «sand world», which involves sensorial stimulation; learning the rules of work with sand; basic stage is medical games and homework; relaxation stage covers a relaxation task or free play, which is the final exit from the «sand world». It has been proven that it is much easier for children with speech problems are much easier to learn lessons with the help of some types of sand therapy. Difficulties with speech of younger school-age children a easier to overcome, as the structure of sand affects the tangible and kinesthetic centers that are connected with the cerebral hemispheres responsible for speech activity.
At the Origins of Kharkov Oligophrenopedagogy: «School at the Gates of the Hospital» by P. Butkovsky
Authors:   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Syniov Viktor , Kovalenko Viktoriia ,   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University
Published: July 2022

The article deals the problem of the contribution of Professor of Psychiatry P. Butkovsky to the development of Ukrainian oligophrenopedagogy. The views of P. Butkovsky of the etiology and pathogenesis of intellectual disorders, the relationship between biological and social factors of development are characterized. On the example of the Kharkov «School at the gates of the hospital», organized by Professor P. Butkovsky, the requirements for the building, location and equipment of the institution, recommendations for combining physical, pharmacological and dietary means of influencing the development of children with intellectual disabilities with dominance of excitation (explosive) and inhibition (torpid) type. It was established that in the Kharkov «School at the gates of the hospital» correctional developmental and educational work with children with intellectual disabilities was carried out in stages. At the first stage, activities were carried out aimed at activating and developing a sense of one's own body. At the second stage, classes were held to develop concentration of attention and memory. At the third stage, classes were held on mental education, gradually moving on to solving examples and arithmetic problems. Active attention in the work of the school was given to classes in manual labor and occupational therapy.
Case Technology as an Effective Means of Building Professional Competence of Future Teachers of Humanities
Authors:   IHE ", Kozhushko Svitlana ,   Alfred Nobel University"
Published: July 2022

The article considers case technology as an effective tool for implementing a competent approach in higher education, which contributes to the development of the students’ personality, activates them towards self-determination, self-education and the formation of professional competencies. Based on the content analysis of the key concept of the research, scientific views are systematized to determine the essence of case technology. The main aspects of use of pedagogical cases are revealed, which are based on situational approach and activate intellectual and creative students’ activity. The problem of using case technology in the process of forming professional competence among future teachers of humanitarian specialties is described. The technological features of the case method are determined in terms of the relationship with other pedagogical technologies. It focuses on the advantages of using case technology in the process of developing professional competence among future teachers of humanitarian specialties. The practical experience of using case technology and the main stages of working with the case are highlighted. Thus it is considered that case-technology plays fundamental role in the formation of both professional and personal qualities of high-quality and marketable specialists and makes them competitive at the labour market.
Competency-Based Approach in Teaching Psychological Diagnostics to Psychologists and Social Work Specialists
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Huzenko Vira , Todortseva Yuliia ,   Odesa Polytechnic National University
Published: July 2022

The article describes the experience of teaching psychological diagnostics to students of the specialties «Psychology» and «Social work» with a focus on a competency-based approach. Psychological diagnostics is a wide layer of scientific and practical activity, manifested in certain requirements for psycho diagnostic tools and users of psycho diagnostic methods (psychologists and specialists in related professions), which must be taken into account when developing curriculum for this discipline. In turn, the labor market and the characteristics of professional activity dictate their own requirements for the competencies of future specialists. The article reveals the essence of the competency-based approach, presents the results of a comparative analysis of the competencies of both specialties, highlights their similarities and differences. Owing to the fact that disclosure of the content of professional activity based on professional standards, accents are placed, priorities are identified and the differences in teaching psychological diagnostics to future social work specialists and psychologists are described. The authors describe the features of using various teaching methods for students of both specialties and the learning outcomes that can be achieved thanks to them.
Formation of Inclusive Competence Future of Social Workers
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi Institute of Social Technologies of University ", Chaikovskyi Mykhailo ,   Ukraine", Dobrovitska Olena ,   Khmelnytskyi Institute of Social Technologies of University "Ukraine", Ostorovska Nataliia ,   Khmelnytskyi Institute of Social Technologies of University "Ukraine"
Published: July 2022

The successiveness of work in inclusive environment depends from the number of factors and from the inclusive competence at first. Wide implementation of ideas of inclusion in modern society demands making changes in the process of preparation of future specialist, where the problem of formation of inclusive competence of applicants of higher education gets special meaning. The essence, problems and ways of formation of inclusive competence in future social workers as the increasing of quality of provision of social services in conditions of inclusive environment are described in this article. The problem of formation of inclusive competence of future social worker is integrated personality formation on the basis of inclusive knowledge, special inclusive skills and abilities, professional and personally important qualities, personal motivation, mastering technologies, which cause his readiness and ability to professional activity in conditions of inclusive environment, combining accumulated knowledge and skills with modern innovational approaches. The solution of mentioned problem is in implementation of a number of measures in IHE. They are: first-rate direction to the proper system of preparation to work in the inclusive environment, adjustment of educational plans and introduction of disciplines with inclusive component, making new accents in organization of extra-curricular activity, implementation of interactive methods of teaching and internship, directing to work of students’ centers together with youth with special needs, involvement to volunteers work with people with invalidity.
Local Search Element Decomposition Method to Solve Integer and m-Integer Problems
Authors:   Ph.D. Degree Program in Industrial Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Jaiyen Ekkaphon , Leksakul Komgrit ,   Excellence Center in Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Charoenchai Nivit ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: July 2022

Integer problems are non-deterministic polynomial-time-hard and can be solved in polynomial time. However, the solution to large problems requires an unreasonably long time. This paper highlights the signifi cance of developing and modifying the local search element decomposition method (LSEDCM) for accurately and promptly solving general integer and m-integer problems. The study involves two parts: creating and developing the algorithm by applying the LSEDCM and modifying the LSEDCM, genetic algorithm, and ant system. Results obtained using this algorithm were then compared with the exact and approximated solutions in terms of their accuracy, number of steps, and solution time. It was found that general integer and m-integer problems involving 2–30000 variables could be effectively solved. For the general integer problem, the average difference from the exact solution was 0.37%; it took 91.28% fewer steps and 29.29% less time to solve the problem. The average difference from the approximated solutions for the modifi ed genetic algorithm (MGA) and modifi ed ant system (MAS) was 1.47 and 2.16%, respectively. For an m-integer problem, the average difference from the exact solution was 0.57%; it took 90.60% fewer steps and 49.33% lesser time to solve the problem. The average difference from the approximated solutions for the MGA and MAS was 1.58 and 2.69%, respectively. Compared with approximated solutions, the LSEDCM obtained the best solution for the large problems. It is thus proven that the LSEDCM could be used to solve large integer problems in a shorter time compared with m-integer problems, which are more complex and intrinsically require a longer time to obtain a solution.
https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol15no2/regular-physical-exercise-increase-of-growth-hormone-gh-and-insulin-like-growth-factor-1-igf-1-activity-in-elderly-improve-the-aging-process-and-quality-of-life-a-mini-review/
Authors: Sundari Luh Putu Ratna , Arsani Ni Luh Kadek Alit
Published: July 2022

By doing regular physical exercise, it is expected to improve the quality of life through increasing levels of the hormones GH and IGF-1. Many studies have been conducted to prove the effect of exercise on GH and IGF-1 levels, but still show inconsistent results. This review aims to find out whether regular physical exercise increase GH and IGF-1 levels in the elderly, and will improve the aging process and quality of life. This literature review inquiry was obtained from various PubMed and Google Scholar data bases by entering keywords, namely: It can be concluded that physical exercises may influence the secretion of hormones in the elderly and the hormonal impact of physical exercise can aid in determining the efficacy of training regimens for maintaining or improving IGF-1 and GH levels, as well as the possible impacts of various types of exercise on this hormone. This could increase elderly people's functional autonomy and quality of life.
Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 1-(4'-Dimethylaminophenyl)-6, 7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline Hydrochloride
Authors: Rakhmanova Khilola A. , Zhurakulov Sherzod N. , Tursunkhodjayeva Firuza M. , Azamatov Azizbek A. , Saidkhodjayeva Dilfuza M.
Published: July 2022

It is known that natural isoquinoline alkaloids are widely used in pharmacology and have a variety of biological activities1. At the same time, synthetic analogs of isoquinoline alkaloids are of great interest, among which compounds have been identified that are promising agents that modulate the activity of the dopamine and serotonergic systems2,3, showing cardiprotective4 effect, antiproliferative5 and analgesic6 activity. Currently, in practical medicine, aspirin and anlagen are widely used as non-narcotic analgesics7. However, the low intensity of the analgesic effect, the lack of an analgesic effect in certain types of pain (thermal, mechanical, and other acute pain) and the large number of side effects caused by long-term use limits the scope of their application. The properties of 1-(4’-dimethylaminophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (3) have not been previously described in the scientific literature. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of 1-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-6,7- dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (3) was studied under conditions of thermal (hot plate test) and chemical (vinegar writhing test) irritation, anti-inflammatory activity - on the model of acute inflammatory arthritis. As a result of the studies, it was found that the compound 1-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline in various doses has an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. 1-(4'-Dimethylaminophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (3) showed a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, 3.3 times greater than the effect of diclofenac sodium. It has been shown that 1-(4’-dimethylaminophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride (3) has a pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in medical practice as a non-narcotic analgesic.
Deep learning facilitates fully automated brain image registration of optoacoustic tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hu Yexing , Lafci Berkan , Luzgin Artur , Wang Hao , Klohs Jan , Dean-Ben Xose Luis , Ni Ruiqing , Razansky Daniel , Ren Wuwei
Published: July 2022

Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is an emerging optical imaging method providing multiplex molecular and functional information from the rodent brain. It can be greatly augmented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which offers excellent soft-tissue contrast and high-resolution brain anatomy. Nevertheless, registration of MSOT-MRI images remains challenging, chiefly due to the entirely different image contrast rendered by these two modalities. Previously reported registration algorithms mostly relied on manual user-dependent brain segmentation, which compromised data interpretation and quantification. Here we propose a fully automated registration method for MSOT-MRI multimodal imaging empowered by deep learning. The automated workflow includes neural network-based image segmentation to generate suitable masks, which are subsequently registered using an additional neural network. The performance of the algorithm is showcased with datasets acquired by cross-sectional MSOT and high-field MRI preclinical scanners. The automated registration method is further validated with manual and half-automated registration, demonstrating its robustness and accuracy.
Retinal optical coherence tomography image analysis by a restricted Boltzmann machine
Authors: Ezhei Mansooreh , Plonka Gerlind , Rabbani Hossein
Published: July 2022

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging technique for ophthalmic disease diagnosis. Two major problems in OCT image analysis are image enhancement and image segmentation. Deep learning methods have achieved excellent performance in image analysis. However, most of the deep learning-based image analysis models are supervised learning-based approaches and need a high volume of training data (e.g., reference clean images for image enhancement and accurate annotated images for segmentation). Moreover, acquiring reference clean images for OCT image enhancement and accurate annotation of the high volume of OCT images for segmentation is hard. So, it is difficult to extend these deep learning methods to the OCT image analysis. We propose an unsupervised learning-based approach for OCT image enhancement and abnormality segmentation, where the model can be trained without reference images. The image is reconstructed by Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) by defining a target function and minimizing it. For OCT image enhancement, each image is independently learned by the RBM network and is eventually reconstructed. In the reconstruction phase, we use the ReLu function instead of the Sigmoid function. Reconstruction of images given by the RBM network leads to improved image contrast in comparison to other competitive methods in terms of contrast to noise ratio (CNR). For anomaly detection, hyper-reflective foci (HF) as one of the first signs in retinal OCTs of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) are identified based on image reconstruction by RBM and post-processing by removing the HFs candidates outside the area between the first and the last retinal layers. Our anomaly detection method achieves a high ability to detect abnormalities.
Few-cycle all-fiber supercontinuum laser for ultrabroadband multimodal nonlinear microscopy
Authors: Almagro-Ruiz Azahara , Torres-Peiró Salvador , Muñoz-Marco Héctor , Cunquero Marina , Castro-Olvera Gustavo , Dauliat Romain , Jamier Raphael , Shulika Oleksiy V. , Romero Rosa , Guerreiro Paulo T. , Miranda Miguel , Crespo Helder , Roy Philippe , Loza-Álvarez Pablo , Pérez-Millán Pere
Published: July 2022

Temporally coherent supercontinuum sources constitute an attractive alternative to bulk crystal-based sources of few-cycle light pulses. We present a monolithic fiber-optic configuration for generating transform-limited temporally coherent supercontinuum pulses with central wavelength at 1.06 µm and duration as short as 13.0 fs (3.7 optical cycles). The supercontinuum is generated by the action of self-phase modulation and optical wave breaking when pumping an all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber with pulses of hundreds of fs duration produced by all-fiber chirped pulsed amplification. Avoidance of free-space propagation between stages confers unequalled robustness, efficiency and cost-effectiveness to this novel configuration. Collectively, the features of all-fiber few-cycle pulsed sources make them powerful tools for applications benefitting from the ultrabroadband spectra and ultrashort pulse durations. Here we exploit these features and the deep penetration of light in biological tissues at the spectral region of 1 µm, to demonstrate their successful performance in ultrabroadband multispectral and multimodal nonlinear microscopy.
Coherent digital-analog radio-over-fiber (DA-RoF) system with a CPRI-equivalent data rate beyond 1 Tb/s for fronthaul
Authors: Xu Yicheng , Zhuge Qunbi , Fan Yunyun , Fu Mengfan , Zhu Yixiao , Zeng Xiaobo , Jiang Hexun , Yi Lilin , Hu Weisheng , Liu Xiang
Published: July 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a coherent digital-analog radio-over-fiber (DA-RoF) system and achieve the transmission of Tb/s common public radio interface (CPRI)-equivalent data rate for fronthaul. The proposed coherent DA-RoF system includes DA-RoF modulation, demodulation and DA-RoF compatible coherent digital signal processing (DSP) blocks. A theoretical analysis of the DA-RoF scheme together with parameter optimization is accomplished as well. In the experiment, a 25 Gbaud DA-RoF signal with 1 Tb/s CPRI-equivalent data rate is transmitted in the system, satisfying the error vector magnitude (EVM) requirement for 256-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal transmission. With the symbol rate reduced to 10 Gbaud, an EVM below 2.5% is achieved, which meets the requirement for 1024-QAM transmission. The experimental results show that the coherent DA-RoF system is a promising solution for future fronthaul.
63 W wing-pumped Tm:YAG single-crystal fiber laser
Authors: Wang Jianlei , Dong Jifei , Liu Jian , Wang Zhanxin , Xu Xiaodong , Xue Yanyan , Xu Jun , Wang Chun , Zhao Yongguang
Published: July 2022

We present a high-power continuous-wave (CW) Tm:YAG single-crystal fiber (SCF) laser wing-pumped by laser diodes at 791 nm. A maximum output power of 63.3 W is achieved at ∼ 2.01 µm, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 34.2%. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest power obtained from the SCF laser in the 2 µm spectral range. In addition to the wing pumping scheme, the large surface-to-volume ratio of such fiber-geometry crystalline rod with diffusion-bonded undoped YAG end caps are benefited for the spatial uniform distribution of pump intensity and thermal load, and thus improving the power scalability.
Research on a fiber Bragg grating hydrostatic level based on elliptical ring for settlement deformation monitoring
Authors: Yang Jianyu , Yue Lina , Zhang Qing , Deng Nianwu
Published: July 2022

The hydrostatic leveling system based on the connecting pipe principle has important application value in the field of settlement monitoring. In this paper, a novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) hydrostatic level based on elliptical ring is proposed. In this study, the vertical and lateral deformations of elliptical ring under concentrated force is analyzed using force method and Mohr integral. Thereby, the deformation-coordination equation of the elliptical ring and the diaphragm is constructed. The temperature self-compensation model for the elliptical ring is established from the three levels of material, structure, and device. A complete set of theories and methods for the designed FBG hydrostatic level is proposed. Furthermore, the tests of the sensitivity, resolution, and temperature self-compensation for the encapsulated sensors are carried out by multi-point loading experiment. The experimental results show that in the range of 0∼100 mm, the sensitivity of the sensor is close to the theoretical analysis, which is about 12 pm/mm. The effective resolution can reach 0.025∼0.05 mm, with the sensitivity coefficient to temperature as low as only 1.46 pm/°C.
Design and fabrication of a terahertz dual-plane hologram and extended-depth-of-focus diffractive lens
Authors: Jia Wei , Lou Minhan , Gao Weilu , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi
Published: July 2022

This work discusses the design and fabrication of a dual-plane terahertz (THz) hologram and an extended-depth-of-focus THz diffractive lens. The dual-plane THz hologram consists of 50 × 50 diffractive optical elements with identical element pixel size 1×1 mm, and the extended-depth-of-focus THz diffractive lens is designed with 25 concentric rings with identical ring width of 1 mm, resulting in same device dimension 50 mm × 50 mm. The height of the hologram pixels and concentric rings of the diffractive lens are optimized by nonlinear optimization algorithms with scalar diffraction theory based on Ray-Sommerfeld diffraction equation. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulation results agree with optimization results obtained from the scalar diffraction theory for both the THz hologram and the THz diffractive lens. The demonstrated experimental results show that the proposed THz hologram and THz diffractive lens can generate the desired diffraction patterns. These diffractive structures have the potential to be applied in areas such as THz imaging, data storage, and displays.
Sample-efficient identification of high-dimensional antibiotic synergy with a normalized diagonal sampling design
Authors: Brennan Jennifer , Jain Lalit , Garman Sofia , Donnelly Ann E. , Wright Erik Scott , Jamieson Kevin
Published: July 2022

Antibiotic resistance is an important public health problem. One potential solution is the development of synergistic antibiotic combinations, in which the combination is more effective than the component drugs. However, experimental progress in this direction is severely limited by the number of samples required to exhaustively test for synergy, which grows exponentially with the number of drugs combined. We introduce a new metric for antibiotic synergy, motivated by the popular Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index and the Highest Single Agent model. We also propose a new experimental design that samples along all appropriately normalized diagonals in concentration space, and prove that this design identifies all synergies among a set of drugs while only sampling a small fraction of the possible combinations. We applied our method to screen two- through eight-way combinations of eight antibiotics at 10 concentrations each, which requires sampling only 2,560 unique combinations of antibiotic concentrations.
Drug repurposing based on a quantum-inspired method versus classical fingerprinting uncovers potential antivirals against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jimenez-Guardeño Jose M. , Ortega-Prieto Ana Maria , Menendez Moreno Borja , Maguire Thomas J. A. , Richardson Adam , Diaz-Hernandez Juan Ignacio , Diez Perez Javier , Zuckerman Mark , Mercadal Playa Albert , Cordero Deline Carlos , Malim Michael H. , Martinez-Nunez Rocio Teresa
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need to identify new antiviral therapeutics at pace, including through drug repurposing. We employed a Quadratic Unbounded Binary Optimization (QUBO) model, to search for compounds similar to Remdesivir, the first antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 approved for human use, using a quantum-inspired device. We modelled Remdesivir and compounds present in the DrugBank database as graphs, established the optimal parameters in our algorithm and resolved the Maximum Weighted Independent Set problem within the conflict graph generated. We also employed a traditional Tanimoto fingerprint model. The two methods yielded different lists of lead compounds, with some overlap. While GS-6620 was the top compound predicted by both models, the QUBO model predicted BMS-986094 as second best. The Tanimoto model predicted different forms of cobalamin, also known as vitamin B12. We then determined the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in cell culture models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and assessed cytotoxicity. We also demonstrated efficacy against several variants including SARS-CoV-2 Strain England 2 (England 02/2020/407073), B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta). Lastly, we employed anin vitropolymerization assay to demonstrate that these compounds directly inhibit the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of SARS-CoV-2. Together, our data reveal that our QUBO model performs accurate comparisons (BMS-986094) that differed from those predicted by Tanimoto (different forms of vitamin B12); all compounds inhibited replication of SARS-CoV-2 via direct action on RdRP, with both models being useful. While Tanimoto may be employed when performing relatively small comparisons, QUBO is also accurate and may be well suited for very complex problems where computational resources may limit the number and/or complexity of possible combinations to evaluate. Our quantum-inspired screening method can therefore be employed in future searches for novel pharmacologic inhibitors, thus providing an approach for accelerating drug deployment.
Structural insights into Pot1-ssDNA, Pot1-Tpz1 and Tpz1-Ccq1 Interactions within fission yeast shelterin complex
Authors: Sun Hong , Wu Zhenfang , Zhou Yuanze , Lu Yanjia , Lu Huaisheng , Chen Hongwen , Shi Shaohua , Zeng Zhixiong , Wu Jian , Lei Ming
Published: July 2022

The conserved shelterin complex caps chromosome ends to protect telomeres and regulate telomere replication. In fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe, shelterin consists of telomeric single- and double-stranded DNA-binding modules Pot1-Tpz1 and Taz1-Rap1 connected by Poz1, and a specific component Ccq1. While individual structures of the two DNA-binding OB folds of Pot1 (Pot1OB1-GGTTAC and Pot1OB2-GGTTACGGT) are available, structural insight into recognition of telomeric repeats with spacers by the complete DNA-binding domain (Pot1DBD) remains an open question. Moreover, structural information about the Tpz1-Ccq1 interaction requires to be revealed for understanding how the specific component Ccq1 ofS.pombeshelterin is recruited to telomeres to function as an interacting hub. Here, we report the crystal structures of Pot1DBD-single-stranded-DNA, Pot1372-555-Tpz1185-212and Tpz1425-470-Ccq1123-439complexes and propose an integrated model depicting the assembly mechanism of the shelterin complex at telomeres. The structure of Pot1DBD-DNA unveils how Pot1 recognizesS.pombedegenerate telomeric sequences. Our analyses of Tpz1-Ccq1 reveal structural basis for the essential role of the Tpz1-Ccq1 interaction in telomere recruitment of Ccq1 that is required for telomere maintenance and telomeric heterochromatin formation. Overall, our findings provide valuable structural information regarding interactions within fission yeast shelterin complex at 3’ ss telomeric overhang.
Prevention of venous thromboembolic events in patients with lower leg immobilization after trauma: Systematic review and network meta-analysis with meta-epsidemiological approach
Authors: Douillet D. , Chapelle C. , Ollier E. , Mismetti P. , Roy P.-M. , Laporte S.
Published: July 2022

Background

Lower limb trauma requiring immobilization is a significant contributor to overall venous thromboembolism (VTE) burden. The clinical effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis for this indication and the optimal agent strategy are still a matter of debate. Our main objective was to assess the efficacy of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis to prevent VTE in patients with isolated temporary lower limb immobilization after trauma. We aimed to estimate and compare the clinical efficacy and the safety of the different thromboprophylactic treatments to determine the best strategy.

Methods and findings

We conducted a systematic review and a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) including all available randomized trials comparing a pharmacological thromboprophylactic treatment to placebo or to no treatment in patients with leg immobilization after trauma. We searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science until July 2021. Only RCT or observational studies with analysis of confounding factors including adult patients requiring temporary immobilization for an isolated lower limb injury treated conservatively or surgically and assessing pharmacological thromboprophylactic agents or placebo or no treatment were eligible for inclusion. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major VTE (proximal deep vein thrombosis, symptomatic VTE, and pulmonary embolism-related death). We extracted data according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses for NMA and appraised selected trials with the Cochrane review handbook. Fourteen studies were included (8,198 patients). Compared to the control group, rivaroxaban, fondaparinux, and low molecular weight heparins were associated with a significant risk reduction of major VTE with an odds ratio of 0.02 (95% credible interval (CrI) 0.00 to 0.19), 0.22 (95% CrI 0.06 to 0.65), and 0.32 (95% CrI 0.15 to 0.56), respectively. No increase of the major bleeding risk was observed with either treatment. Rivaroxaban has the highest likelihood of being ranked top in terms of efficacy and net clinical benefit. The main limitation is that the network had as many indirect comparisons as direct comparisons.

Conclusions

This NMA confirms the favorable benefit/risk ratio of thromboprophylaxis for patients with leg immobilization after trauma with the highest level of evidence for rivaroxaban.

Trial registration

PROSPERO CRD42021257669.