bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial isopods as model organisms in soil ecotoxicology: a review
Authors: van Gestel Cornelis A.M. , Loureiro Susana , Zidar Promoz
Published: December 2018

Isopods play an important role in the decomposition of leaf litter and therefore are making a significant contribution to nutrient cycling and soil ecosystem services. As a consequence, isopods are relevant models in soil ecotoxicology, both in laboratory toxicity tests and in field monitoring and bioindication studies. This paper aims at reviewing the use of isopods as test organisms in soil ecotoxicology. It provides an overview of the use of isopods in laboratory toxicity tests, with special focus on comparing different exposure methods, test durations, and ecotoxicological endpoints. A brief overview of toxicity data suggests that chemicals are more toxic to isopods when exposed through soil compared to food. The potential of isopods to be used in bioindication and biomonitoring is discussed. Based on the overview of toxicity data and test methods, recommendations are given for the use of isopods in standardized laboratory toxicity tests as well as in situ monitoring studies.
Water vapor absorption allows for volume expansion during molting in Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea)
Authors: Nako John-David , Lee Nicole S. , Wright Jonathan C.
Published: December 2018

Arthropods require periodic molting in order to grow which presents a number of challenges to terrestrial taxa. Following ecdysis, the pliant new cuticle is susceptible to buckling under gravity and requires elevated hydrostatic pressure for support. Terrestrial species also require a mechanism of volume expansion and stretching of the integument prior to sclerotization, a need that is readily met in aquatic arthropods by drinking. Options for land arthropods include drinking of dew, swallowing of air, or using muscular contractions to inflate air sacs in tracheate taxa. In this study we tested the hypothesis that crinochete terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Crinocheta) exploit their capacity for active water vapor absorption (WVA) to increase volume during molting. Two crinochete species,ArmadillidiumvulgareandPorcelliodilatatus, were studied and compared with the non-absorbing speciesLigidiumlapetum(Oniscidea: Ligiamorpha). Pre-molting animals were identified by sternal CaCO3deposits and exposed to 100% or 97% relative humidity (RH). Mass-changes were monitored by daily weighing and the timing of the posterior and anterior ecdyses was used to categorize time (days premolt and days post-molt) over the molt cycle. In each treatment RH,A.vulgareandP.dilatatusshowed a progressive mass increase from 5 days premolt until the posterior or anterior ecdysis, followed abruptly by period of mass-loss lasting 3–4 days post-molt. The fact that the initial mass-gain is seen in 97 % RH, a humidity below the water activity of the hemolymph, confirms the role of WVA. Similarly, since the post-molt mass-loss is seen in 100 % RH, this must be due to active expulsion of water, possibly via maxillary urine. Concurrent changes in hemolymph osmolality were monitored in a separate batch ofA.vulgareand show sustained osmolality during premolt and an abrupt decrease between the anterior and posterior ecdysis. These patterns indicate a mobilization of sequestered electrolytes during premolt, and a loss of electrolytes during the post-molt mass-loss, amounting to approximately 8.6 % of total hemolymph solutes. WVA, in conjunction with pulses of elevated hemolymph pressure, provides an efficient mechanism of pre-molt volume expansion prior to and during the biphasic molt in these species. PremoltLigidiumlapetumexposed to same treatments failed to molt successfully and no premolt animals survived to day 3 (72 h) even in 100 % RH. The apparent dependence of this species on liquid water for successful molting could explain its obligatory association with riparian fringe habitats.
A molecular phylogeny of Porcellionidae (Isopoda, Oniscidea) reveals inconsistencies with present taxonomy
Authors: Dimitriou Andreas C. , Taiti Stefano , Schmalfuss Helmut , Sfenthourakis Spyros
Published: December 2018

Porcellionidae is one of the richest families of Oniscidea globally distributed but we still lack a comprehensive and robust phylogeny of the taxa that are assigned to it. Employing five genetic markers (two mitochondrial and three nuclear) we inferred phylogenetic relationships among the majority of Porcellionidae genera. Phylogenetic analyses conducted via Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference resulted in similar tree topologies. The mtDNA genes cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16s rRNA (16s) were used for clade dating using previously published mutation rates. Our results provide evidence against the monophyly of both Porcellionidae and the largest genus of the familyPorcellio. These results are compared to previous published work based on morphological evidence. The generaLeptotrichusandBrevurusare not grouped with the rest of Porcellionidae whereas Agnaridae are grouped with part of Porcellionidae.ArmadillidiumandSchizidium(Armadillidiidae) occupy a basal position on the phylogenetic tree. Even though the African generaTuraandUramba(distributed in East Africa) are grouped together there is no general geographical pattern in other sub-clades. Additional taxonomic issues that arise in this work such as the assignment of the recently described genusLevantoniscus, arealso discussed. The status of Porcellionidae should be further revised and morphological characters traditionally used in Oniscidea taxonomy should be reconsidered in view of molecular evidence. The origin of the monophyletic clade within Porcellionidae as indicated in the present work is dated back to the Oligocene (~32 mya).
Woodlice and their parasitoid flies: revision of Isopoda (Crustacea, Oniscidea) – Rhinophoridae (Insecta, Diptera) interaction and first record of a parasitized Neotropical woodlouse species
Authors: Wood Camila T. , Nihei Silvio S. , Araujo Paula B.
Published: December 2018

Terrestrial isopods are soil macroarthropods that have few known parasites and parasitoids. All known parasitoids are from the family Rhinophoridae (Insecta: Diptera). The present article reviews the known biology of Rhinophoridae flies and presents the first record of Rhinophoridae larvae on a Neotropical woodlouse species. We also compile and update all published interaction records. The Neotropical woodlouseBalloniscusglaberwas parasitized by two different larval morphotypes of Rhinophoridae. Including this new record, there are 18 Isopoda species known to be parasitized and 13 Rhinophoridae species with known hosts, resulting in 35 interactions. There are a total of 53 interaction records from Holarctic and Neotropical countries. Of the 18 known isopod hosts, only five species have more than one parasitoid, including the new Neotropical host record presented in this work.
Different Isoforms of the Neuronal Guidance Molecule Slit2 Directly Cause Chemoattraction or Chemorepulsion of Human Neutrophils
Authors: Pilling Darrell , Chinea Luis E. , Consalvo Kristen M. , Gomer Richard H.
Published: December 2018

The movement of neutrophils between blood and tissues appears to be regulated by chemoattractants and chemorepellents. Compared with neutrophil chemoattractants, relatively little is known about neutrophil chemorepellents. Slit proteins are endogenously cleaved into a variety of N- and C-terminal fragments, and these fragments are neuronal chemorepellents and inhibit chemoattraction of many cell types, including neutrophils. In this report, we show that the ∼140-kDa N-terminal Slit2 fragment (Slit2-N) is a chemoattractant and the ∼110-kDa N-terminal Slit2 fragment (Slit2-S) is a chemorepellent for human neutrophils. The effects of both Slit2 fragments were blocked by Abs to the Slit2 receptor Roundabout homolog 1 or the Slit2 coreceptor Syndecan-4. Slit2-N did not appear to activate Ras but increased phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate levels. Slit2-N–induced chemoattraction was unaffected by Ras inhibitors, reversed by PI3K inhibitors, and blocked by Cdc42 and Rac inhibitors. In contrast, Slit2-S activated Ras but did not increase phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate levels. Slit2-S–induced chemorepulsion was blocked by Ras and Rac inhibitors, not affected by PI3K inhibitors, and reversed by Cdc42 inhibitors. Slit2-N, but not Slit2-S, increased neutrophil adhesion, myosin L chain 2 phosphorylation, and polarized actin formation and single pseudopods at the leading edge of cells. Slit2-S induced multiple pseudopods. These data suggest that Slit2 isoforms use similar receptors but different intracellular signaling pathways and have different effects on the cytoskeleton and pseudopods to induce neutrophil chemoattraction or chemorepulsion.
Welcome to a new, international open-access research journal with a particular focus on the development of theoretical and experimental techniques and methodology
Authors: Melia Fulvio
Published: December 2018

I have recently had the privilege of being appointed Editor-in-Chief of this very exciting and innovative Open Access Journal, and hereby extend a warm welcome to everyone as we launch Astronomy Studies Development, which will seek to publish high quality, peer-reviewed, original manuscripts in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics, though with a particular focus on mathematical techniques and methodology and innovative ideas for instrumental development and modeling in astronomy and astrophysics. The journal will also seek to publish simulations in all areas, including cosmology, particle astrophysics, accretion, and diffuse media. Our journal will include both full length research articles and letter articles, and its coverage extends over solar, stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy and astrophysics, and will report original research in all wavelength bands. Astronomy and Astrophysics are rather mature disciplines, with a history of quality journals over the past century or more. So one may reasonably ask why a new journal such as this is needed. Obviously, I myself have answered this question in the affirmative. After a long career in research and publishing, I have the perspective to provide several good reasons for helping to promote the evolution of publishing in Astronomy and Astrophysics to a place more in line with present technology..........
Quantification of Chaoborus and small fish by mobile upward-looking echosounding
Authors: Baran Roman , Tušer Michal , Balk Helge , Blabolil Petr , Čech Martin , Draštík Vladislav , Frouzova Jaroslava , Jůza Tomáš , Kubecka Jan
Published: December 2018

Chaoborus larvae inhabit frequently the water column of lakes, when they can be mistaken for small fish. Because larvae ascend up to the blind zone of downward-looking echo sounding at night, quantitative acoustic estimation of them is possible only with upward-looking approach. For this reason, the mobile hydroacoustic upward-looking system (120 and 38 kHz split-beam echosounder) in combination with a direct catch method (trawling) was tested to investigate the night community of invertebrates and juvenile fish in the surface layer of the Římov reservoir (Czech Republic). In the target strength range of invertebrates (smaller than -59 dB), the 38 kHz echosounder recorded only a small proportion of targets while the 120 kHz echosounder recorded distinct peaks corresponding to high densities of Chaoborus (target strength, TS range -70 to -60 dB, average TS -66 to -64 dB). At 120 kHz frequency, the TS distribution of smaller cohort of juvenile fish (<25 mm in length) overlapped the TS-distribution of Chaoborus. The number of these smaller juvenile fish was so small compared with the number of Chaoborus that they did not seriously bias acoustic Chaoborus estimate. The correlation between the density of Chaoborus with small contamination of juvenile fish larvae from trawling and acoustic recording made with the 120 kHz echosounder was high (R2= 0.88), but the acoustic densities from trace counting appeared to underestimate Chaoborus abundance when the density was > 1.5 ind.m-3.
Acknowledgement to reviewers
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: December 2018

n/a
$p$-Fourier algebras on compact groups
Authors: Lee Hun Hee , Samei Ebrahim , Spronk Nico
Published: December 2018

Let

G

be a compact group. For

1\leq p\leq\infty

we introduce a class of Banach function algebras

\mathcal A^p(G)

on

G

which are the Fourier algebras in the case

p=1

, and for

p=2

are certain algebras discovered by Forrest, Samei and Spronk. In the case

p\neq 2

we find that

\mathcal A^p(G)\cong\mathcal A^p(H)

if and only if

G

and

H

are isomorphic compact groups. These algebras admit natural operator space structures, and also weighted versions, which we call

p

-Beurling–Fourier algebras. We study various amenability and operator amenability properties, Arens regularity and representability as operator algebras. For a connected Lie

G

and

p > 1

, our techniques of estimation of when certain

p

-Beurling–Fourier algebras are operator algebras rely more on the fine structure of

G

, than in the case

p=1

. We also study restrictions to subgroups. In the case that

G=

SU(2), restrict to a torus and obtain some exotic algebras of Laurent series. We study amenability properties of these new algebras, as well.
Topological complexity and efficiency of motion planning algorithms
Authors: Błaszczyk Zbigniew , Carrasquel-Vera José Gabriel
Published: December 2018

We introduce a variant of Farber’s topological complexity, defined for smooth compact Riemannian manifolds, which takes into account only motion planners with the lowest possible “average length” of the output paths. We prove that it never differs from topological complexity by more than 1, thus showing that the latter invariant addresses the problem of the existence of motion planners which are “efficient”.
Change in consolidated business models: the study of Radio Taxi cooperatives in Brazil after the inclusion of mobile applications in the market
Authors: Hino Marcia Cassitas , Bono Milan Luiz Fernando A. , Cunha Maria Alexandra Viegas Cortez da , Meirelles Fernando S.
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Proliferation of mobile applications modified the taxi cooperative business model. The objective of this research was to verify how the changes in such business model occurred in a scenario of innovation,enhanced by the use of technology. The Pluralist and Multilevel Conceptual Solution was the theoretical lens selected for a qualitative study that covered the cities of São Paulo and Curitiba. Users and managers of cooperatives and applications were interviewed as well as taxi drivers. The most significant
contribution of the work is the demonstration of how technology can modify an established business model.
Keywords: Radio taxi applications, Taxi cooperative, Information technology, ICT, Business model.

RESUMO

O modelo de negócio de cooperativa de táxis foi modificado com a proliferação de aplicativos móveis. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar como se deram as mudanças em um modelo de negócio num cenário de inovação, potencializado pelo uso da tecnologia. A Solução Conceitual Pluralista e Multinível foi a lente teórica selecionada para um estudo qualitativo que abrangeu as cidades de São Paulo e Curitiba. Foram entrevistados usuários e gestores de cooperativas e aplicativos, bem como taxistas. A contribuição mais significativa do trabalho é a demonstração de como a tecnologia pode modificar um modelo de negócios estabelecido.
Palavras-chave: Aplicativos de rádio táxis, Cooperativa de táxis, Tecnologia da informação, TIC, Modelo de negócio.
Oštirs sprachwissenschaftliche ideenwelt
Authors: Čop Bojan
Published: December 2018

Die Liste der sprachwissenschaftlichen Arbeiten aus Oštirs Feder ist für den Kenner der sprachwissenschaftlichen Literatur ausserordentlich kurz, auch die Gesamtzahl der Seiten recht gering, wenn man die Gesamtheit der wissenschaftlichen Leistunen anderer namhafter Forscher damit vergleicht (rund 4000-5000 Seiten). Es ist zwar anzuerkennen, dass daran wohl teilweise der Umstand schuld ist, dass Ostir nach 1930 nichts mehr geschrieben hat; doch die wahre Ursache 1iegt anderswo in der ausserordent1ich gedrängten Darstellungsweise Oštirs.
L'infinitif temporal en grec du moyen-age et en Slovène
Authors: Mihevc Gabrovec Erika
Published: December 2018

En grec médiéval tardif un nouveau mode d’exprimer une action antérieure se fait remarquer: c'est l'infinitif substantivé indépendant, qui remplit la fonction d'une phrase temporelle subordonnee.Il s'agit d'un emploi assez rare, qui est cependant restvivant pendant plusieurs siècles, comme nous le prouvent lea textes conserv6s.Il fait son apparition à l' époque où les écri­ vains emploilent encore l'ancienne forme de l'infinitif, il se main­ tient à travers les temps de la crise et de la disparition de l'in­ finitif classique et reate productif en s'adaptant à la périphrase formée à l'aide de la particule et du subjonctif.
Toharski enklitični osebni zaimek B -me, A –m in njegov izvor
Authors: Čop Bojan
Published: December 2018

Ena od posebnosti toharskega zaimkovnega sistema je, da poseduje ta jezik enklitično rabljeni B -me, A -m za vse tri osebe množine enako: = »nam, nas«, »vam, vas«, »njim, nje«. Po mnenju pisca gre tu za prvotne polnopoudarjene osebne zaimke, ki so se deloma po redni glasovni poti, deloma po glasovni redukciji, značilni za enklizo, v toharščini tako močno obrusili, da je od vsakega ostalo samo to, kar je bilo pravkar omenjeno: l. os. mn. ievr. poudarjeno *n smé- = toh. -me/-m; 2. os. mn.: ievr. poudarjeno *usmé- = toh. -me/-m; 3. os. mn.: ievr. poudarjeno *s-mós = toh. -me/-m. V 2. in 3. os. poseduje tudi hetitščina enklit. -šmaš, ki je vsakokrat istega izvora kot toh. -me/-m: v 2. os. < ''usmé, v 3. os. < •s-mós. Tretjeosebni •s-mós je toh.-het. izoglosa, nastala z m-ovsko končnico za dat. mn. *-mos (podobno v bsl.) na osnovi konsonantno oblikovanega debla zaimka za 3. os. edn. in mn. (ievr. *se/o- in samo *s-). Po tem *smós se je očitno v het. tako kot toh. oblikovala tudi 2. os.: '''usmós; enako za toh. tudi l. os: *n smós. o Po odpadu začetnega vokala v ''usmós in *usmós v obeh jezikih in po izpauu ievr. •-s- pred -m- v vseh treh osebah v toh. je prišlo čisto mehanično do sovpada vseh treh oseb. Ta pojav pa ni osamljen, saj je v hetitščini prišlo do podobnega sovpada vseh treh oseb množine pri navešenem svojilnem zaimku: l. os. >maš« het. -š(um)mi-, 2. os. »vaš« het. -šmi-, 3. os. »njihov« het. -š(um)mi- itd., beri vsakokrat /-smi-/, prvo nastalo na osnovi ievr. '''n smé- »mi, nas«, drugo iz ievr. *usmé »Vi, vas«, tretje pa pritvorjeno k zg. omenjenemu *smós »njim«.
Commenti a nomi friulani di piante raccolti nell’aslef IV. (*)
Authors: Battista Pellegrini Giovan
Published: December 2018

[ASLEF I, 597, carta 1200] Il Leontopodium Alpinum Cass., stella alpina, e una composita alta 5/25 em., lanosa, con foglie lineari-lanceolate grigioverdastre di sopra e cenerino-tomentose di sotto. E'assai ricercata ed è venuta ad indicare il »simbolo dell'alpinismo«; ha il suo centro di diffusione nei grandi altipiani dell'Asia Centrale e sud-occidentale ed è un elemento delle steppe siberiane. Cresce sugli alti pascoli dei monti calcarei, ma non è rara su suolo siliceo, rupestre. In Friuli è frequente nella zona subalpina e alpina, da 1100 m. (cas. Palasecca) a 2000/2200 m. (cas. Bordaglia, M. Cretabianca, Pleros); più rara nella regione montana e submontana, Gortani II, 438 (che cita i nomi dial. simprivzv di mont e stele alpine).
Nekatere značilnosti sabovih pesmi iz dvajsetih let
Authors: Rakar Atilij
Published: December 2018

Ob prehodu s prvega zvezka Canzoniera k drugemu, v katerem so zbrane Sabove pesmi iz dvajsetih let, se znajde bralec pred teksti, ki že s svojo zunanjo podobo opozarjajo predvsem na novosti. Z razliko od prvega dela, čigar zbirke sestavljajo krajše in zaključene izpovedi, tu presenetijo bralčevo oko daljše pesnitve in zbirke, v katerih se krajše metrične oblike družijo v vence, kjer imajo vlogo elementov, vezanih na celoto, ki je iz njih zgrajena. Pesnitev L'U oma je pravcat poem, ki po številu verzov prekaša zbirko Casa e campagna in celo Vojaške pesmi. Primer kompozicije, ki po obsegu prekaša cele zbirke prvega zvezka, je tudi Preludio e fughe. Ti dve pesnitvi nikakor nista spravljivi v sklad s poezijo »d'occasione«, v pomenu, ki ga Saba daje temu izrazu, ko govori o poezijah iz prvega dela Canzoniera; obe predpostavljata dolgoročen oblikovalni načrt, ki kot tak izključuje osnovno premiso prigodniške lirike. Isto je reči o zbirkah Autobiografia, I Prigioni in Fanciulle, zgrajenih iz sonetov oziroma iz kanconet. Res je, da že v prvem delu Canzoniera naletimo na celo zbirko sonetov, smiselno močno poveztanih med sabo. A njihova globlja zveza postane razvidna šele iz osvetlitve motivov, ki jih družijo. Salernski sonetje se niso porajali ob jasno začrtanem razporedu, ki ga je predpostavljati pri sonetnem vencu z naslovom Autobiografia, ki ga ne moremo deliti niti na grupe sonetov.
Joseph Miceu: grammairien niçois
Authors: Rouchoux Pierre
Published: December 2018

En 1840, paraît à Nice la grammaire nissarde de I'Abbé Jòusè Micèu. Grammatica Nissarda, per empara en pòou de temp lo Patouas dòou Pais. De D. Giausep Miceu, Curat de Sant'Estève, Nissa. C'est alors la première grammaire nissarde en langue nissarde. 1. Joseph Micèu est né le 17 avril 1796, Rue du Bon Air, dans le Vieux Nice. C'est un Niçois de vieille souche de ce Comté. La «noble» famille Micèu, qui est d'un milieu social moyennement élevé, donne une éducation convenable à ses enfants, en particuliers à Joseph qui entreprend de longues études au séminaire. En 1822, il est nommé recteur, puis curé de St. Etienne dans la campagne de Nice. Il y restera jusqu'à sa mort, le 14 juin 1877.
L'enigmatique “non lostannit” dans les “serments de Strasbourg”
Authors: Drašković Vlado
Published: December 2018

Une bien riche littérature linguistique et philologique se rapportant au plus ancien monument de la langue française ne cesse point d'augmenter. Le fameux tour non lostannit, tant de fois débattu, y occupe une place toute particulière. On l'a lu de plusieurs façons, et surtout on l'a abondamment corrigé, sans pourtant pouvoir tomher d'accord sur sa valeur ou plutôt sur la valeur des éléments qui le composent. Il m'a paru done utile d'offrir aux specialistes une solution qui, peutetre, aura la chance d'être acceptée. Mais avant de le faire, il sera indispensable de rappeler brièvement les interprétations qu'on a proposées jusqu'à présent et de preciser leur portée.
15 let Linguisticae"
Authors: Vitorović Gordana
Published: December 2018

15 let Linguisticae"
De nonnullis vocibus in lexico latinitatis medii aevi iugoslaviae (a – p) obviis
Authors: Grošelj Milan
Published: December 2018

aretium? - rete ligneum: cf. textum: ". . . armarium pule rum fornitum aretiis". 2. armarum? - idem valet atque 1. armarum "canalis, cloaca" blanconcellus? - idem est ac balconcellus "parvum maenianum". cardinus? - idem atque cardinum, ital. giardino.
Etruscan numerals
Authors: Gluhak Alemko
Published: December 2018

The origm of the Etruscan numerals was tried to be explained in many ways, considering the meanings given to numerals. In this article etymologies of the Etruscan numerals are given with regard to the order given by Wilkins, Pfiffif and Izbicki – u, zal, ci, śa, max, hu, sem, cezp, nur, śar.
Magnús Pétursson: Isländisch. Eine Übersicht über die moderne isländische Sprache mit einem kurzen Abriss der Geschichte und Literatur Islands. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag. 1978. Pp. xii, 220 + map.
Authors: Orešnik Janez
Published: December 2018

Before the book under review, Magnús Pétursson (=MP) had published his doctoral dissertation about the articulatory phonetics of Icelandic (1974, in French) , a book on general and Icelandic phonetics, and another on general and Icelandic phonology (1976, 1978, both in Icelandic) in addition to a number of papers connected with phonetics and phonology: MP has now to be commended for having tackled a broader subject: Isländisch is an attempt at presenting an overall view of Iceland and Icelandic, especially the latter, to the German-reading public.
Jan Baudouin de Courtenay’s concept of mixed languages
Authors: Lencek Rado L.
Published: December 2018

This paper addresses the problem of defining the notion of mixture in languages and dialects as used by Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (1845 - 1929). Focussing on the types of interference which were formulated on the basis of observations of the dialects of the Slovene language (5) , the paper deals primarily with those Baudouin's theoretical positions (4), observations and deductions (5.1) which are today part of a theory of linguistic interference. The article is an English version of a paper, presented at the Eighth International Congress of Slavists which was held in Zagreb from the 3rd to the 9th September 1978.
Vedica minora
Authors: Crevatin Franco
Published: December 2018

Nell'atto dell' erezione del palo centrale della capanna sacrificale vedica (W. Caland-v. Henry, L'Agnistoma, Paris 1906-1907, p. 94 e segg). viene recitato un versetto (TS 1, 3,1, i) che dice dyutanás tvā mārutó minotu mitrāváruņayor dhruvéņa dhármaņā ossia "Che Dyutāna Māruta (il figlio o discendente dei Maruti) ti innalzi secondo il dharma fissato di Mitra-e-Varuna"; cfr. TS  6,2,10,4. Il versetto, con irrilevanti differenze testuali, è proprio anche della Vājasaneyi Samhitā  5, 27 b. L' accordo tra le due tradizioni yajurvediche è peraltro rotto da MS 1, 2, 11 che recita nitānás tvā mārutó ni hantu mitrāváruņau dhruvéņa dhármaņā.
Zur problematic der altindischen kausativa mit langem vokalismus
Authors: Cvetko Varja
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Das Problem des Langvokalismus der altindi­ schen Kausativbildungen scheint hauptsächlich in zwei Richtungen lös - bar zu sein: 1) ob und in welchem Ausmass es sich dabei um eine alte, idg. Länge handele, die dann welter mit entsprechenden Bildun­ gen in einigen anderen idg. Sprachen zu vergleichen wäre oder 2) ob man die ai. (bzw. indo-iranische) Dehnstufe als eine sekundäre Länge, die auf indo-iranischem Teritorium zustande gekommen sein könnte, erklären müsse. In diesem Zusammenhang wäre die immer noch aktuelle Frage nach der Geltung des sog. Brugmannschen Gesetzes zu beantworten. Diese Frage kann aber im Rahmen der Kausativa nicht gelöst warden, sondern dazu sollte das möglichst komplette Material, das, dessen Anwendung erlaubt, hinzugezogen werden. Es scheint, dass sich bei den ai. Langvokalischen Kausativbildungen mehrere Wortbildungstendenzen gekreuzt haben, die vom synchronen Standpunkt des Altindischen aus wegen der spezifischen phonetischen Bedingungen nicht auseinanderzuhalten sind.
The origin of the ie endingless locative
Authors: Shields Kenneth
Published: December 2018

In this paper is presented a new hypothesis regarding the development of the so-called "endingless locative" construction of Indo-European. It is argued that locative formations in -ē, and * ī came to appear in the , o-stem nouns through the monophthongization of word-final *-oi and *-ei before word-initial consonants. These formations were analogically extended to the other stem-classes, with the suffix*-ē, frequently hypercharacterized by the locative particles *-i or *-u, becoming the primary marker of the locative function in the i- and u-stems. On the basis of such apparently "endingless" locative constructions, old consonant-stem nominative (-accusative) formations in were reinterpreted as locatives as well.
Zur frage der deutung der archaismen und innovationen anhand einiger arisch-baltoslawischer beispiele
Authors: Cvetko Varja
Published: December 2018

Auf die Problematik besonderer dialektologischer Beziehungen zwischen den arischen und baltoslawischen Sprachen wird ge­ wissermassen schon seit Bopp in der indogermanistischen sprach­ wissenschaftlichen Literatur aufmerksam gemacht. Zahlreiche Beispiele, die in diesem Zusammenhang von einzelnen Forschern angeführt werden, sind sowohl den indoarischen als auch den baltischen und insbesondere den slawischen Sprachen entnommen, einige bleiben dennoch auf einzelne Einheiten innerhalb der beiden Sprachgruppen beschränkt. Da die Forscher, die sich mit diesen Fragen beschäftigen, von teilweise verschiedenen Standpunkten ausgehen, bzw. sie in der Praxis nicht immer zweifelsfrei realisiren, scheint es, dass das Material, das hierfür zur Verfügung steht, einer gründlichen kritischen Analyse bedarf, was letztlich zu einer starken Reduktion des angenommenen Isoglossenmaterials führen muss.
The limitations of the linguistic analysis of literary texts
Authors: Buckett Anna
Published: December 2018

"It is, I believe, a fairly common experience for those who have engaged for a good many years in the profession of lit­ erary criticism, to slip, almost unconsciously, into a con­ dition of mistrust of-all their most familiar and general terms. The critic becomes dissatisfied with the vagueness of his activity, or his art; and he will indulge the fantastic dream that it might be reduced to the firm precision of a science.”(John Middleton Murry, The Problem of Style 1922). The current enthusiasm of some literary critics for the application of linguistic methods to the study of style in literary texts is, in my view, related to a difficulty inherent in the field of literary criti­ cism itself.The terms employed by literary critics to describe and evaluate style do not seem to have, as John Middleton Murry puts it, "a constant and invariable significance."
The mirthless world of the bilingual dictionary
Authors: Hietsch Otto
Published: December 2018

A Critical Look at Two German­English Examples, and A Glossary. Officers, without a word of German, were billeted on fam­ ilies, and the town swarmed witb G.I.s. Lucia, whose English was always considered so good, had great difficulty in under­ standing what they said. She had a bewildered feeling of not being able - in the language sense - to 'hear' the phrases used. 'It beats the crap outa me,' she heard one say. She could not find the key-word in her English-German dictionary. Nor many other words they used. Ethel Mannin, Bavarian Story (London: Arrow Books, 1964), pp.143f. (abridged). Lucia's plight in 1945, and that of untold other non-native speakers before and after, is a common one.In the three decades and a half since then, some very good bilingual dictionaries in the pocket-size, desk and encyclopaedic ranges have been published. Yet, in spite of the praises that have been sung about such publications, most of them fail to do justice both to the richness of the spoken language on either side, and to the many ways , and means by which that richness can, and should, be matched level for level. Such a discovery is as inevi­ table as it is disconcerting.These general dictionaries, both in what they offer and in what they withhold, are, all in all, a sadly distorted reflection of living speech: far too frequently their renderings merely approximate to the usage of native speakers.
Auf den spuren einer Aristophanes-handschrift
Authors: Simoniti Primož
Published: December 2018

Am 15. Juli 1572 schrieb der ehemalige Rektor der protestan­ tischen Ständeschule in Ljubljana                      Leonhard Budina (1500-1573) einen Brief an den Tübinger Professor, den bekannten Gräzisten Martin Crusius. Darin bedankte er sich für die Grabinschrift, die Crusius, nachdem er vom greisen Schulrektor über das tra­ gische Ende von dessen Sohn Samuel Budina benachrichtigt worden war, ihm zugeschickt hat. Denn Samuel Budina studierte seit 1558 als erster Stipendiat aus Krain im fürstlichen Stipendium in Tübingen und erreichte dort 1565 gleichzeitig mit dem be­rühmten späteren Humanisten Nikodem Frischlin das Magisterium. Unter die akademischen Lehrer des jungen Samuel Budina geh rte auch Crusius, der dies in seinen handschriftlichen Aufzeichnungen mehrmals festhielt.
Sprachpflege und sprachpolitik in Island
Authors: Pétursson Magnús
Published: December 2018

In Island haben Sprachpflege und Sprachpolitik in mehrfacher Hinsicht einen anderen Charakter und bieten entsprechend andere Aspekte als in den Sprachräumen des europäischen Festlandes. Diese Unterschiede beruhen zuerst auf der Inselnatur des Landes, d.h. es fehlen hier unmittelbar angrenzende Nachbarsprachen. Sodann gibt es in Island weder Dialekte noch eine amtliche Sprachform. Alle regionalen Sprachformen gelten - mit einer Ausnahme, von der zu berichten sein wird - als gleichwertig. Aufgrund von den genannten Eigenarten darf von einmaligem Charakter islädischer Sprachpflege und Sprachpolitik gesprochen werden.In Island kann niemand einen Einzelnen nach seiner Sprache einer bestimmten Gesellschaftsschicht zuordnen und in gesellschaftlicher Hinsicht bewerten oder abwerten. Dieses gemeinsame sprachliche Erbe ist als solches etwas Einmaliges.
Langobardisch gastald
Authors: Ludvik Dušan
Published: December 2018

Lgb.Subst.*gastald(i)- nur in latinisierten und romanisierten Formen erhalten - ist erst im 7.Jh. überliefert, es ist aber sicher viel älter. Als Rechtswort steht es in den diplomatischen Urkunden, in "Edictum Rothari" (um 650), später in den "Regesten von Farfa" (718), in "Edictum Liutprandi" (um 750), in "Paulus Diaconus" (um 770)u ö.
Rendement stylistique de l'ellipse du pronom sujet dans le "thésée" d'andré gide
Authors: Cigoj-Leben Breda
Published: December 2018

Répétition et non-répétition du pronom   sujet dans  la coordination en français  moderne.  Coordinations copulatives dans le Thésée de Gide. Juxtaposition.  Ellipse du sujet et de 1'auxiliaire. Propositions affirmatives et  négatives coordonnees.  Propositions à des temps et modes différents.
K etimologiji slovenskega oronima Nanos
Authors: Grad Anton
Published: December 2018

Izvor slovenskega gorskega imena Nanos, notranjske planote, raztezajoče se med Vipavo in Razdrtim, je še vedno nepojasnjen. Tako piše Fr. Bezlaj, Eseji o slovenskem jeziku, str. 93, da "si še ne znamo razložiti imen kot Čaven in Nanos"; dostavlja še, da je v Srbiji ob Drini gora PA NOS, da pa verjetno oboje, t. j. Nanos in Panos, nima nič skupnega s slovenskim nos niti z nositi. Tudi ugledni tržaški lingvist M. Doria v svoji zanimivi razpravi "Toponomastica Langobarda a Trieste e su1 Carso ob italijanskem imenu naše gore, t. j. montere (= Kraljeva gora) omenja, da je slovensko ime Nanos "di origine molto oscura" (= zelo nejasnega izvora).
Une contribution historique a l' acquisition du lexique par l'enfant. L'exemple de Louis XIII (*1601) aa l'age de 3 a 9 ans*
Authors: Ernst Gerhard
Published: December 2018

Les études qui concernent le lang.age des enfants .ont une tendance naturelle à déborder les limites d'une langue particulière, à chercher les universaux conditionnant l'acquisition du langage. La question, par exemple, de la naissance de la formation des structures sémantiques lors de l'apprentissage du langage fait certainement par­ tie de la linguistiqua générale. elle ne peut pas se ramener 6 !'acquisition du français (de l'allemand, du slovène ...). Il y a bien des études qui s'attachent dès le commencement, à la recherche des universaux dans le langage des enfants. Mais les études. concernant le langage d'un enfant particulier - parlant done une langue déter­ minée - peuvent également apporter une contribution utile.
Une étape dans la “Chronogénèse” du guillaumisme: L' architectonique du temps dans les langues classiques
Authors: Swiggers Pierre
Published: December 2018

C'est en 1945 que paraît, à Copenhague, un mince livre dé-dié à Joseph Vendryes et qui - s'intituie L' Archi tectonique du temps dans les langues classiques. L'auteur de l'ouvrage s'était déjà signalé, seize ans auparavarit, parun remarquable traité, clair et pénétrant, sur la représentation du temps. Mais si dans Temps et Verbe Gustave Guillaume s'était appliqué à étudier la construction du temps à l'image de -l'espace-, dans L' Architectonique du temps "il est établi que, non représentable à partir de lui-même, il [le temps] emprunte ses moyens de représentation à l'espace, et qu'il est,-lui, recouvert d'une représentation spatiale, en l'absence de laquelle nous ne le connaîtrions  que comme expérience: ce qui ne serait pas le connaître".
Bibliographie des oeuvres du prof. Anton Grad
Authors: Vitorović Gordana
Published: December 2018

Bibliographie des oeuvres du prof. Anton Grad
Über die des dialekts von Prekmurje in der volks – und Schriftsprache
Authors: Novak Vilko
Published: December 2018

Das ca 1000 km2 umfangreiche Land Prekmurje (Übermurgebiet), zwischen der Mur und Raab (Rába), ist der nördlichste Teil der SR Slowenien. Weil das Land bis zum 12. 8. 1919 zu Ungarn gehörte, war es nationalpolitisch und kulturell vom übrigen Slowenentum in Österreich ganz abgetrennt. Die geringe literarische Tätigkeit - in erster Linie für religiöse, volkserbauliche und unterhaltsame Zwecke - konnte sich von 1715 weiter nur im einheimis.chen Dialekt entwickeln. So entstanden zuerst für die Evangelischen bestimmte Katechismen, Lasebücher und als Gipfel- ' punkt: die Übersetzung des Neuen Testaments von Števan Kuzmič (Nouvi Zákon ali Testamentom ••• Halle, 1771). An diese knüpften sich später die Psalmenübersetzung von Aleksander Terplan (1848), kirchliche Gesangbücher (von Mihál Bakoš 1789, Mihál Barla 1823, Jánoš Kardoš 1848)', die auch das alte, zuerst im Grunde im kajkavischen Dialekt verfasste Liedergut in handschriftlichen Gesangbüchern (vom 17. Jh. weiter) aufgenommen haben.
The subject to subject raising rule in Slovene
Authors: Bolta Marija
Published: December 2018

The aim of the present article is to present evidence in support of the claim that the rule which promotes the subject NP of the embedded subject clause to the position of the ma­ trix subject (subject raising, SSR)is a viable rule in Slo­ vene transformational generative grammar.
Neologismi tecnici ed affini nella prosa rovignese attuale
Authors: Tekavčić Pavao
Published: December 2018

La lingua delle opere in rovignese, apparse sulle pagine dell'antologia Istria Nobilissima, offre materiali ricchi e svariati per diversi tipi di studi linguistici, fra I quali quello dellivello lessicale è uno dei più importanti. Si sa, infatti, che proprio nellessico, meglio che nei livelli fonologico e morfosintattico, si riflettono le vicende di un idioma e della comunità che lo parla. Dopo avere studiato illessico della prosa rovignese nella citata antologia da vari punti di vista (Tekavčić 1983a, 1983b, 1984a, 1984b, Elemento tedesco, Tekavčič Riflessi), abbiamo deciso di aggiungere qualche pagina su un aspetto forse minore, rna certamente non privo di importanza, del pa­ trimonio lessicale del rovignese: i neologismi, prevalentemente nel settore tecnico rna anche in certi altri settori affini. Poiché Ia linguistica attuale non si limita, come quella di un tempo, ai settori ritenuti «genuini», «puri», «conservatori» ecc., rna studia l'idioma tutto quanto, tale quale funziona nella sua comunità in tutte le occa­ sioni e a tutti i fini, è logico che anche i neologismi vi trovino posto; anzi, sono proprio essi che provano la capacità creativa, innovativa, di un idioma e con ciò anche la sua vitalità. Si confrontino recentemente I contributi di E. Diekmann sulla terminologia dell'automobilismo e dei settori lessicali connessi (Diekmann (1983, 1984).
Ai margini di una pubblicazione importante: Mario Doria, grande dizionario del dialetto Triestino – storico etimologico fraseologico edizioni »il meridian o«,
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: December 2018

Il Dizionario del dialetto triestino che recentemente ha visto la luce porta nel suo titolo legittimamente il qualificativo di grande. Non lo è solo per la mole, per i suoi 25 mila lemmi, lo è soprattutto per la sua ricchezza. Difficilmente i dizionari precedenti, Kosovitz (1889), Rosamani (1958) e Pinguentini (1954, rispettivamente 1957) potrebbero, per varie ragioni, reggere il confronto con il dizionario di Doria.
Giovanni Frau, Dizionario toponomastico del Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Udine, Istituto per L'Enciclopedia del Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1978. Pp. 130.
Authors: Hamp Eric P.
Published: December 2018

This first integral collection of the place names of this complex and interesting region is avowedly intended as a work for general interest - as such it does not claim to be exhaustive and has not been delayed until all Flurnamen could be collec­ ted; but in fact Frau has given us a thoroughly scholarly work. A highly informative introduction (5-24), adorned with seven reproductions of older maps and plans, is followed by the dictionary proper. The front matter includes maps (showing comu­ ni) of the four provincie of the region, an excellent concise bibliography of 26 items, a useful brief glossary of technical terms, and some welcome remarks on the contri­ bution of toponomastics as a discipline.
Horst Geckeler - Dieter Kattenbusch, Einführung in die italienische Sprach­ wissenschaft, Romanische Arbeitshefte hrsg. von Gustav Ineichen und Bernd Kiel­ hofer vol. 28, Tübingen 1987, Max Niemeyer Verlag, IX+ 163 pp.
Authors: Tekavčić Pavao
Published: December 2018

Un'introduzione allo studio di una lingua, che sia possibilmente completa e che nel contempo non superi determinati limiti, è un'impresa molto meno facile di quanto possa sembrare ai «non addetti ai lavori», soprattutto con il rapido sviluppo della linguistica modema. Se a questa considerazione generale aggiungiamo che nel caso concreto si tratta di introduzione allo studio di uno dei due più noti e più studiati idiomi romanzi e che finora mancavano manuali introduttivi per l'italiano, abbiamo delineato il compito che si sono assunti i due linguisti tedeschi, offrendo agli italianisti in Germania il citato Arbeitsheft, che in seguito recensiamo.
Kommunikative function der Gegenwärtigen Deutschen Umgangssprache, nachgewiesen an reiseberichten aus der presse
Authors: Bračič Stojan
Published: December 2018

Die Dissertation wurde am 11.9.1990 mit Erfolg vor der Kommission Prof. Dr. Siegfried Heusinger (zugleich Mentor), Prof. Dr. Janez Stanonik, Prof. Dr. Janez Ore nik verteidigt. Die Zusammenfassung wurde mit finanzieller Unterstiitzung .des Forschungsinstituts (Znanstveni in titut) der Philosophischen Fakultät in Ljubljana veröffentlicht, das die Arbeit an der Dissertation im Rahmen seines Forschungsprojekts fiirderte. u.a. deshalb Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung, weil (auch) in der deutschen Gegenwartssprache einige tradierte Verhältnisse zwischen den einzelnen Existenzformen der Sprache (vgl. Hartung 1977: 69) nur noch eine beschränkte Geltung zu haben scheinen und weil besonders die Umgangssprache dabei an Bedeutung zuzunehmen scheint (vgl. Kaempfert 1985: 1833, Hartung-Schonfeld 1981: 79 f.), ohne daß diese Problematik jedoch ausreichend untersucht ware (vgl. SCHMIDT et al. 1981: 251, Lösch 1986: 114).
Onomastica tergestina nel Trecento
Authors: Merkù Pavle
Published: December 2018

Dallo spoglio dei nomi personali attestati nei sette codici di entrate e uscite conservati presso l' Archivio Capitolare di S. Giusto in Trieste e che riguardano uno dei secoli piu ricchi di testimonianze storiche della città giuliana (1307-1406), risultano numerose forme cognominali e soprannominali espresse nel registro linguistico tergestino. La mancata pubblicazione del dizionario linguistico tergestino di Mario Doria rende impossibile un raffronto con il materiale lessicale tergestino fino a oggi noto, per cui si basa, a fini comparativi, esclusivamente sui due repertori lessicali tergestini dal Doria finora publicati (Elementi friulaneggianti ne/ dialetto triestino, in Italia linguistica nuova ed antica II, Galatina 1978, 329-405; Nuovi materiali per lo studio degli elementi lessicali friulaneggianti del dialetto triestino, in Archivio per l' Alto Adige LXVII, 1979 (Studi in memoria di Carlo Battisti editi dall'Istituto di Studi per l' Alto Adige), Firenze 1979, 65-100); sul Dizionario del dialetto muglisano di Diomiro Zudini e Pierpaolo Dorsi (Casamassima, Udine 1981) e sui due grandi vocabolari friulani: II nuovo Pirana di Giulio Andrea Pirona, Ercole Carletti e Giovanni Battista Corgnali (Udine 1935, rist. 1977) e il Vocabolario de/la linguafriu/ana di Giorgio Faggin (Del Bianco, Udine 1985).
Una classificazione gerarchica di dati geolinguistici tratti dall'AIS. Saggio di dialettometria dendrografica : collaborazione informatica: Erasmus Langer (Università Politecnica di Vienna)
Authors: Goebl Hans
Published: December 2018

Lo strumento euristico classico della classificazione gerarchica è l'albero (chiamato anche in modo più specialistico: grafo arborescente). La struttura ramificata dell'albero con una molteplicità di foglie, ramoscelli erami rispetto alla radice unica - poli tra i quali si inserisce uno spazio di dipendenze gerarchiche ben articolate - costituisce una rappresentazione metaforicamente molto valida per la descrizione dei risultati di qualsiasi processo evolutivo. Ora si sa che ogni evoluzione procede mediante ramificazioni, biforcazioni o frammentazioni consecutive e che nascono cosi vari raggruppamenti in classi (gruppi, unità ecc.), tra i quali esistono sempre determinate dipendenze o relazioni. La lista delle scienze che si sono avvalse dell'albero in quanto mezzo euristico è lunga: oltre la zoologia, lapaleontologia, la genetica e tante altre discipline biologiche figurano anche discipline antropiche e sociali, tra cui anche la linguistica. Enoto che l'albero genealogico viene adoperato in sede linguistica sin dai tempi di August SCHLEICHER (1863). L'uso dell'albero per scopi linguistici è sempre rimasto tuttavia alquanto problematico. In effetti, lo strumento euristico "albero" offre particolari condizioni di applicazione, che fino ad oggi non sono state sufficentemente discusse. E' così rimasta, tra la stragrande maggioranza dei linguisti, una più o meno diffusa sfiducia rispetto all'albero. Cf. a questo proposito la buona documentazione storica di STEWART 1976.
Il giudeo-italiano e i problemi della sua definizione: un capitolo di storia della linguistica
Authors: Galli de' Paratesi Nora
Published: December 2018

Lo scopo di questo articolo è di portare all'attenzione dei linguisti che lavorano sull'italiano un argomento poco noto perché è stato trattato per lo più, per le caratteri­ stiche del suo materiale, al di fuori dell'italianistica: il cosiddetto giudeo-italiano. II termine si riferisce alle varieta dialettali usate in ima serie di documenti che sono stati oggetto di studio, con poche eccezioni, da parte di specialisti di ebraico. I testi hanno, aldilà del loro immediato valore come documenti della cultura ebraica italiana, anche un interesse linguistico: è questa appunto l'angolatura di questo lavoro, perché il ten­ tativo di definire tali parlate all'intemo delle varietà di italiano ha avuto varie soluzio­ ni da parte di studiosi diversi, che costituiscono un itinerario teorico molto interessante. Si tratta di uno spezzone di storia della linguistica italiana e romanza in cui si ripercorre un itinerario simile a quello della de:finizione di italiano standard. Si tratta di un percorso che è parallelo all'evoluzione della linguistica stessa e che è  stato fino a non molto tempo fa, come si cercherà di dimostrare, dominato in larga parte dalla visione delle varietà linguistiche come sistemi discreti, unitari ed omogenei, propria della descrizione linguistica fino alla messa a punto dei modelli macrosocio­ linguistici che hanno incorporato sistematicamente la variazione e ii continuo lingui­ stico. In particolare nel nostro caso l'immagine del giudeo-italiano risentiva della concezione di un'entità quanto mai elusiva, che ha dominato la linguistica italiana, quella dell'italiano standard.
Mittelhethitisch Hattes “Sie Schlachtete”
Authors: Oettinger Norbert
Published: December 2018

Die Benennungsmotive des Terminus technicus 'schlachten' können unterschiedlich sein. Während man z.B. gr. spházō unter der Annahme von s-mobile ety­ mologisch mit gr. pégnymi verbinden, eine idg. Wurzel *(s)pehg-  postulieren und so eine Grundbedeutung 'anpflocken, festbinden' ansetzen könnte, geht dt. schlachten von 'schlagen' und türk. kesmek 'schlachten' von '(ab) schneiden' aus. Bei den hethi­ tischen Termini, nämlich huek-mi und hatt-a, hat B. Čop als Benennungsmotiv jeweils '(ab)stechen' wahrscheinlich gemacht. Und zwar verbindet er in plausibler Weise huek-mi 'schlachten' mit ap. a-vaj-am 'ich stach aus' und hatt-a 'schlachten' mit av. avi- 'Verderben'.