bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black Hole–Disk Interactions in Magnetically Arrested Active Galactic Nuclei: General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations Using a Time-dependent, Binary Metric
Authors: Ressler Sean M. , Combi Luciano , Li Xinyu , Ripperda Bart , Yang Huan
Published: May 2024

Perturber objects interacting with supermassive black hole accretion disks are often invoked to explain observed quasiperiodic behavior in active galactic nuclei (AGN). We present global, 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of black holes on inclined orbits colliding with magnetically arrested thick AGN disks using a binary black hole spacetime with mass ratio 0.1. We do this by implementing an approximate time-dependent binary black hole metric into the GRMHD Athena++ code. The secondary enhances the unbound mass outflow rate 2–4 times above that provided by the disk in quasiperiodic outbursts, eventually merging into a more continuous outflow at larger distances. We present a simple analytic model that qualitatively agrees well with this result and can be used to extrapolate to unexplored regions of parameter space. We show self-consistently for the first time that spin–orbit coupling between the primary black hole spin and the binary orbital angular momentum causes the accretion disk and jet directions to precess significantly (by 60°–80°) on long timescales (e.g., ∼20 times the binary orbital period). Because this effect may be the only way for thick AGN disks to consistently precess, it could provide strong evidence of a secondary black hole companion if observed in such a system. Besides this new phenomenology, the time-average properties of the disk and accretion rates onto the primary are only marginally altered by the presence of the secondary, consistent with our estimate for a perturbed thick disk. This situation might drastically change in cooled thin disks.
Radial and Vertical Constraints on the Icy Origin of H2CO in the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Hernández-Vera Claudio , Guzmán Viviana V. , Artur de la Villarmois Elizabeth , Öberg Karin I. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Hogerheijde Michiel R. , Qi Chunhua , Carpenter John , Fayolle Edith C.
Published: May 2024

H2CO is a small organic molecule widely detected in protoplanetary disks. As a precursor to grain-surface formation of CH3OH, H2CO is considered an important precursor of O-bearing organic molecules that are locked in ices. Still, since gas-phase reactions can also form H2CO, there remains an open question on the channels by which organics form in disks, and how much the grain versus the gas pathways impact the overall organic reservoir. We present spectrally and spatially resolved Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of several ortho- and para-H2CO transitions toward the bright protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296. We derive column density, excitation temperature, and ortho-to-para ratio (OPR) radial profiles for H2CO, as well as disk-averaged values of N
T ∼ 4 × 1012 cm−2, T
ex ∼ 20 K, and OPR ∼ 2.7, respectively. We empirically determine the vertical structure of the emission, finding vertical heights of z/r ∼ 0.1. From the profiles, we find a relatively constant OPR ∼ 2.7 with radius, but still consistent with 3.0 among the uncertainties, a secondary increase of N
T in the outer disk, and low T
ex values that decrease with disk radius. Our resulting radial, vertical, and OPR constraints suggest an increased UV penetration beyond the dust millimeter edge, consistent with an icy origin but also with cold gas-phase chemistry. This Herbig disk contrasts previous results for the T Tauri disk, TW Hya, which had a larger contribution from cold gas-phase chemistry. More observations of other sources are needed to disentangle the dominant formation pathway of H2CO in protoplanetary disks.
Relative Occurrence Rate between Hot and Cold Jupiters as an Indicator to Probe Planet Migration
Authors: Gan Tianjun , Guo Kangrou , Liu Beibei , Wang Sharon X. , Mao Shude , Buchner Johannes , Fulton Benjamin J.
Published: May 2024

We propose a second-order statistic parameter ε, the relative occurrence rate between hot Jupiters (HJs) and cold Jupiters (CJs) (ε = η
HJ/η
CJ), to probe the migration of gas giants. Since the planet occurrence rate is the combined outcome of the formation and migration processes, a joint analysis of HJ and CJ frequency may shed light on the dynamical evolution of giant planet systems. We first investigate the behavior of ε as the stellar mass changes observationally. Based on the occurrence rate measurements of HJs (η
HJ) from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite survey and CJs (η
CJ) from the California Legacy Survey, we find a tentative trend (97% confidence) that ε drops when the stellar mass rises from 0.8 to 1.4 M
⊙, which can be explained by different giant planet growth and disk migration timescales around different stars. We carry out planetesimal and pebble accretion simulations, both of which can reproduce the results of η
HJ, η
CJ, and ε. Our findings indicate that the classical core accretion + disk migration model can explain the observed decreasing trend of ε. We propose two ways to increase the significance of the trend and verify the anticorrelation. Future works are required to better constrain ε, especially for M dwarfs and for more massive stars.
Workshop Report: Supporting inclusive and sustainable collections-based research infrastructure for systematics (SISRIS)
Authors: Weeks Andrea , Collins Elizabeth , Majors Twanelle , Murrell Zack , Paul Deborah , Sheik Matthew , Shorthouse David , Zeringue-Krosnick Shawn
Published: May 2024

We created and delivered a workshop and symposium series for biologists at all career stages focused on the skills and practices needed to sustain natural history specimen attribution and citation. The name of the workshop and symposium series, SISRIS, reflected our ultimate goal of effecting community-level change by sharing skills and practices that can support inclusive and sustainable (collections-based) research infrastructure for systematics. We report here the rationale for SISRIS, its learning objectives for participants and its results, including the assessment of outcomes from three iterations of the workshop held in 2023. The SISRIS workshops and symposia were held in person at the annual meeting of the Association for Southeastern Biologists in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and Botany 2023 in Boise, Idaho. A stand-alone SISRIS workshop was held online later to accommodate individuals who were unable to travel to the in-person events.
Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy–Based Anger Management Training on Anger and Aggression Levels of Individuals Convicted of Violent Crimes
Authors: Kayaoğlu Kübra , Köse Mustafa
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)–based anger management training on anger and aggression levels of individuals convicted of violent crimes.

Method

This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in a prison. Seventy-two individuals who met inclusion criteria were included in the study sample. The experimental group received 10 sessions of CBT–based anger management therapy over a 5-week period.

Results

After CBT–based anger management training, mean total score and mean subdimension scores of the Trait Anger and Anger Expression Style Scale of the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group. Similarly, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire total mean score and mean sub-dimension scores of the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Results demonstrate that CBT–based anger management training effectively reduces anger and aggression levels among individuals convicted of violent crimes. In this regard, it is recommended that forensic psychiatric–mental health nurses, physicians, and psychologists working in correctional institutions apply CBT–based anger management training. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62
(10), 51–58.]
Global classical solution of the fractional Nernst-Planck-Poisson-Navier- Stokes system in $ \mathbb{R}^{3} $
Authors: Cai Zihang , Jiang Chao , Lei Yuzhu , Liu Zuhan
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we consider a fractional Nernst-Planck-Poisson-Navier-Stokes system in $ \mathbb{R}^{3} $. First, we obtain a priori estimates by using energy estimates. Then, we construct an iterative solution sequence by solving the approximate problem and obtaining the local existence and uniqueness of the classical solution. Finally, combining the local existence with a priori estimates, the global existence and uniqueness of the classical solution with small initial data are obtained.
Quantifying Geobacter sulfurreducens growth: A mathematical model based on acetate concentration as an oxidizing substrate
Authors: Villa-Cruz Virgínia , Jaimes-Reátegui Sumaya , Alba-Cuevas Juana E. , Zelaya-Molina Lily Xochilt , Jaimes-Reátegui Rider , Pisarchik Alexander N.
Published: May 2024

We developed a mathematical model to simulate dynamics associated with the proliferation of Geobacter and ultimately optimize cellular operation by analyzing the interaction of its components. The model comprises two segments: an initial part comprising a logistic form and a subsequent segment that incorporates acetate oxidation as a saturation term for the microbial nutrient medium. Given that four parameters can be obtained by minimizing the square root of the mean square error between experimental Geobacter growth and the mathematical model, the model underscores the importance of incorporating nonlinear terms. The determined parameter values closely align with experimental data, providing insights into the mechanisms that govern Geobacter proliferation. Furthermore, the model has been transformed into a scaleless equation with only two parameters to simplify the exploration of qualitative properties. This allowed us to conduct stability analysis of the fixed point and construct a co-dimension two bifurcation diagram.
Unmasking Black Men's Mental Health
Authors: Stewart Delarious O. , Maiden James L. , Stewart Kendric D.
Published: May 2024

This chapter illuminates a critical, often overlooked aspect of mental health, social determinants affecting Black men. While mental health is a universal concern, the unique experiences and challenges of Black men require specific attention. The authors dissect the complex web of social determinants shaping Black men's mental health, including historical legacies of racism and discrimination, intersectionality, and structural factors like healthcare access, education, employment, and housing. Cultural influences and family dynamics are explored alongside the resilience within Black communities. This chapter confronts the stigma surrounding mental health in Black communities and addresses multifaceted barriers to care. It showcases community-based interventions and effective, culturally sensitive, mental health promotion models while discussing policy recommendations and advocacy for equitable mental health outcomes.
What Is a Man?
Authors: Le Clair Brian
Published: May 2024

This chapter is an examination of derogations used to describe men with an emphasis on denunciative words that have emerged over the last few decades and seem to have become standardized terms now formally included in the English language. An examination of manhood is presented with each term as well as the traditional role of dominant male hegemony. It is suggested the intended creation and effect of these terms was to break down traditional societal male-oriented privileged status and standing. These terms, however, have performed the inverse and only seem to strengthen the same male hegemony that societal activists have wished to break down. Suggestions and clinical insight related to these expressions and potential psych-ed pieces are offered for counselors and psychotherapists.
Diversity and Inclusivity in Higher Education in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kwembeya Maurice , Mutongoreni Noah , Chisiri Benard , Matsikure Memory , Sifelani Innocent , Zvawanda Itai , Mutongoreni Nyasha
Published: May 2024

The study aimed at establishing the status quo and mapping a direction in diversity and inclusivity in higher tertiary education in Zimbabwe. Whilst different institutions may have guidelines on inclusivity, there seems to be a lack of a specific inclusive education policy or legislation in Zimbabwe. Authors reviewed literature from Scopus several peer-reviewed journals and policy briefs. The reviewed journals covered developed, emerging and developing contexts. Having reviewed the literature, there is evidence that diversity and inclusivity issues are not being fully addressed. Despite ratification of the diversity and inclusion agenda at the national level and the existence of policies at the higher education institutional level, operationalisation is depressed and in need of a Lazarus moment. The situation has been exacerbated by legal and policy incongruities and inconsistencies. Pursuantly, it is recommended that a bespoke diversity and inclusivity institutional policy framework and management architecture be designed, synchronised and operationalised. Areas for further study can be action research focusing on coping mechanisms for the excluded groups. Diversity and inclusion in higher education in developing countries such as Zimbabwe have been adversely affected by limited resources. The negative mindset and stereotypic labelling of marginalised students needs to be changed among the other students and members of staff. The embracing of diversity and inclusion in Higher Education in Zimbabwe provides a sense of hope and optimism among marginalised students. The psychological sense of belonging is reinvigorated as the students are integrated into higher education programmes.
National Education Policy 2020
Authors: Beerannavar Chaitra Rangappa , Pancrasius Shainy
Published: May 2024

The term “equity” in education refers to justice and fairness in the allocation of educational resources and opportunities. In order to achieve educational equity, it is necessary to remove the structural obstacles that prevent students from realizing their full potential. Obstacles like socioeconomic inequalities, prejudice, and unequal resource distribution often act as barriers to quality education. In this background, the present chapter will critically analyze a few significant opportunities offered by the New Education Policy 2020, such as three language formulas, privatization, NEP financing, special education zones policy implications, and challenges in implementation. Even though the opportunities and milestones offered by NEP 2020 are irrefutable, apprehensions pertaining to its scope and usefulness also exist, questioning the sanguinity of the policy.
The Fate of Special Needs Children in the Midst of Inclusive Education Policy in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Agunowei Dominion Iwe , Mayombe Celestin
Published: May 2024

The focus of this study was to ascertain the extent to which children with special needs have been fully integrated into the inclusive education policy in Abuja, Nigeria vis-a-vis SDG goal 4. The study was built on a blend of social work theories. The methodology adopted for the study was integrative literature review. Literature review revealed that inclusive education has not been fully implemented in Abuja, Nigeria. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that children faced with learning impediments are at the receiving end in the midst of inclusive education policy in Nigeria. Recommendations have been made to Federal Capital Territory Education Authority, Federal Government of Nigeria to increase funding to inclusive education programme, train teachers in special education amongst others to improve inclusive education policy and ameliorate the plight of children with learning challenges.
Factors and Conditions Triggering the Formation of Political Coalitions
Authors: Likoti Fako Johnson
Published: May 2024

Party coalitions have become very important in contemporary African politics in parliamentary and presidential systems. The dawn of democracy in the third world, and Africa in particular, witnessed significant democratic developments. African political parties have increasingly seen the value of cooperation and have built coalitions and alliances to achieve similar goals. Key amongst these developments have been the formation of political coalitions. Several factors and conditions have triggered the formation of political coalitions and alliances in most African countries. A coalition is a grouping of rival political parties that, in most cases, are motivated by the perception of a common threat or recognition that their goals cannot be attained by not coalescing. The management of a coalition is also critical in order to attain stability. The rationale is that stability becomes important to parties when they enter their coalition pact.
Challenges of Coalition Formations and Government
Authors: Ndou Levy
Published: May 2024

The establishment and existence of coalition governments, its theory, and practice have their roots and dominance mainly in the experiences of central, eastern, and western European countries. Coalition governments have become a norm in Europe. Between 1945 and 2014, 88% of the governments in Europe are regarded as coalition governments. Coalitions are mostly formed at any given time without establishing guidelines or a framework to work on. Coalition partners spend a lot of time managing coalitions rather than focusing on providing services to the people. This chapter is of the view that coalitions should be established to benefit the citizens and enhance governance and stability. Coalitions appear not to be working in most African states that are discussed in this chapter. Though there are many municipalities that are run through coalitions in South Africa, coalitions are blamed for instability and poor governance in the South African metros. The same can be said in the selected countries that are of specific focus in this chapter. This chapter will specifically look at the coalition governments in countries such as Mozambique, Lesotho, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. The challenges associated with coalitions will be discussed and possible solutions will be provided.
Examining the Impact of Coalition Governments on Service Delivery
Authors: Mathonsi Mbuyiseni Simon , Tshishonga Ndwakhulu Stephen
Published: May 2024

Formation of coalition governments and politics before and after elections is the manifestation of the absence of overwhelming winner in national, provincial, or local government elections. This chapter aims to contribute to the nascent literature on coalition government and politics within the context of South Africa by examining the historic coalition of the ANC, SACP, COSATU, and SANCO. The chapter is conceptual in approach and it uses a desktop method. The research acknowledges that the tripartite coalition/alliance is without precedent on the African continent and with few parallels throughout the world. Coalition governing is now a phenomenon defining South African body politics, and it is likely to be the future system of government in this country. In terms of the South African system of government, national, provincial, and local governments are critical platforms for service delivery and the overall development of the country that is currently riddled by the triple challenges of unemployment, poverty, and inequality.
Critical Reflections on Coalition Governments in the 30th Year of South African Democracy
Authors: Mlambo Daniel N. , Buys Thamsanqa , Saul Thabo Francis
Published: May 2024

This chapter comprehensively explores the detailed evaluations of coalition governments in the 30th year of South African democracy. Despite being a relatively recent concept in our political discussions, implementing coalition arrangements is frequently mishandled, posing a hurdle to efficient administration in local municipalities. The main contention of this chapter is that if coalition agreements in South Africa were motivated by a sincere aspiration for effective governance and the provision of services, they would have had positive outcomes for the general public.
Empowering Women
Authors: Ramya H. P. , Deepak R.
Published: May 2024

This research highlights the crucial role that the economic empowerment of women plays in promoting gender equality and overall well-being. Women's empowerment has become a significant topic in development economics and modernization theory. Empowering women can lead to an improvement in the quality of human resources available for economic development. Both governmental and non-governmental initiatives, such as microfinance, job training, and mentoring, can improve access to credit, job prospects, and economic security. Tailored financial education is essential, particularly in India, given the disparities. Strategic government interventions, accessible banking services, and targeted financial education are crucial for empowering women and advancing their economic independence. The study aims to provide evidence of the impact of social and economic factors on women's empowerment through financial inclusion in India.
Role of Payment Systems in Financial Well-Being
Authors: Manda Vijaya Kittu , Yadav Anuradha , Khaliq Lubza Nihar
Published: May 2024

Payment systems play an essential role in the financial well-being of an individual. This chapter explores the connection between the two from India's payment revolution perspective. A multi-dimensional typology encompassing psychological factors and financial outcomes provides comprehensive knowledge of financial well-being. The digital payment ecosystem in India, driven by the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), is a compelling case study. The chapter underscores the significance of access to financial services, financial literacy, financial inclusion, and financial protection in promoting overall well-being. Recent trends highlight the growth of fintech startups and their contribution to expanding access to financial services. Adopting digital payment systems has influenced spending patterns, saving habits, and credit behavior, shaping individuals' financial behavior. However, challenges such as financial inclusion, literacy, and consumer protection need to be addressed.
Empowering Education Against Gender Violence
Authors: Durán González Rosa Elena , Alfaro-Ponce Berenice
Published: May 2024

This chapter critically examines the shortcomings of sex education in Mexican schools, tracing its historical evolution in the context of governmental and global health policies. Initially, sex education in Mexico was predominantly biological; however, it has since expanded in response to societal changes. The chapter underscores the importance of a comprehensive educational approach that not only provides minors with knowledge, but also equips them with self-esteem, respect for others, and tools for self-protection. It explores the debate over who should bear the responsibility for educating children on these matters—parents, teachers, or both through a collaborative approach. Furthermore, the chapter offers practical guidelines and activities for educators, aiming to prepare children for a safer, more informed future. It advocates for an educational methodology that is contemporary, engaging, and free from dogmas and social prejudices.
Girl-Child Formal Education
Authors: Umunakwe Bruno Onyinye
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, the study presents the socio-cultural backdrop of traditional Igbo society, aiming to investigate the status of the girl-child and the crucial role of formal education in dismantling deeply entrenched societal structures that perpetuated male dominance. Employing a historical analysis, the study draws information from a variety of sources, including journals, books, articles, periodicals, and the internet. The major emphasis in this chapter was the enrolment of girl-child in formal schooling system which actively involves writing and reading. Education becomes a fundamental right that has restored an equitable society by curbing gender marginalization and discrimination. The study recommends that the government and relevant stakeholders should ensure accessible education through the elimination of environmental barriers to quality education.
Classical Violence
Authors: Sánchez Torres Francisco
Published: May 2024

This chapter offers an examination of Greek and Roman myths in the context of university-level teaching with a focus on Gender-Based Violence (GBV) prevention. The aims can be summarized as follows: providing a sufficient methodological framework through which open the analysis of myths to critical approaches and proposing techniques and ways of interlacing these critical approaches in the classroom. Consequently, mythology as a group of discourses will be examined to identify the qualities of myth as a powerful means of reification for cultural practices from a semiotic approach. Furthermore, a series of in-class experiences will be provided, preceded by an analysis of the concept of GBV and its application in the context of Greek and Roman mythology, its tradition and its reception through the ages.
Theoretical Approach to the Concept of Modern Homonegativity
Authors: Garrido Adrián Salvador Lara , Márquez Díaz José Ramón
Published: May 2024

The aim of this chapter is twofold. On the one hand, to analyze the concept of homonegativity, and its main manifestations, as well as its relationship with other factors such as sexist attitudes. On the other hand, it aims to collect pedagogical strategies that can be used by teachers to promote educational spaces free of discrimination and respectful of affective-sexual diversity. A theoretical model is presented that analyses homonegativity and manifestations which, following a parallel path to other phenomena such as sexist attitudes, include more subtle and modern aspects that characterize modern homonegativity. There are also certain socio-demographic and ideological variables that influence the display of these behaviors by teachers. A number of strategies for the promotion of positive attitudes in the educational environment in relation to affective-sexual diversity are selected. The conclusions point to the need to offer specific training to teachers in order to provide them with resources and skills to promote inclusive educational spaces.
Threads of Tradition
Authors: Roy Rupayan , Ashmika R. , Sinha Kritika , Priya Ratna
Published: May 2024

This chapter offers an in-depth analysis of India's rich textile tradition and provides insights into the significance of textiles in the nation's culture and history. It covers a variety of fabrics, methods, and traditions while examining the subcontinent's astounding diversity in traditional textiles. Additionally, the chapter provides an overview of important concepts, such as historical development, craftsmanship, cultural value, regional differences, modern adaptations, iconic fabrics, and the function of traditional clothing. It clarifies efforts at revival and preservation, the value of sustainability, and modern interpretations in relation to conventional textiles. Along with the importance of sustainable practises and new trends that show promise for the future challenges; directions in sustaining these time-honored traditions are highlighted.
Socio-Technical Analysis of Ropeways as an Innovation in Public Transport Services
Authors: Astorga Sergio Gustavo
Published: May 2024

The chapter addresses cable cars as a new mode of public transportation in large city contexts. The advances of doctoral research attempt to analyze the phenomenon through the sociotechnical approach. The empirical work has been carried out in the Valley of Mexico through interviews with users, promoters, public, and private allies. The research aims to describe and explain the sociotechnical trajectories and the degree of tensions and interactions between relevant social actors. The preliminary results account for the controversies present regarding these new artifacts. Sustainability, the economic value given the savings in travel times for users and new public-private conditions that are imposed after the adoption of the new public transportation service are the characteristics that stand out.
Industry Development at COIR
Authors: Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: May 2024

In developing India, the traditional coir industry employs 0.55 million people. Production of coconuts and coir is dominated by Kerala. Karnataka and Tamilnadu afterwards provide good coir. India is benefiting from the manufacturing of coir. This is having an impact on the coir sector due to commercial enterprises. This research looked at the effects of two trade reforms on the development, performance, and solution of India's coir sector. Trade influences trade volume and propels growth. Trade growth and volume are impacted by trade liberalization. Two significant trade agreements that had an impact on the coir business were the WTO agreement on textiles and clothing (ATC) and the GATT multi-fiber agreement (MFA). Data for the study came from the Coir Board's annual reports as well as websites belonging to the Reserve Bank of India, Ministry of External Affairs, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, and Coir Board. Exports under various trade regimes were examined using the CAGR and periodic growth rates.
Micro-Moments in Social Commerce
Authors: Grover Abhay , Arora Nilesh
Published: May 2024

Consumer behaviour and the nature of community-focused retail experiences are being shaped by social commerce, an amalgam of social media and e-commerce, revolutionising the business landscape. Changes in retail are being propelled by digital transformation, which is also spawning new business-social relationships. Businesses are facing a rapidly evolving market driven by technology and customer expectations as social commerce micro-moments and digital transformation come to light. In order to surpass expectations set by digital transformation and revolutionary moments, companies must embrace empathy and innovation. In order to deduce what drives consumers, sophisticated algorithms for demand prediction and real-time data analysis are required. To help organisations navigate this landscape, this study examines micro-moments related to digital transformation and social commerce. By leveraging these interactions, companies can take advantage of the dynamic digital world and offer guidance on adapting micro-moments in social commerce environment.
Hospitality and Tourism Value Co-Creation in the Light of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Majeed Mohammed
Published: May 2024

The hotel and tourism industry is undergoing significant changes due to the widespread adoption of digital technologies that enable instant client communication and data gathering. The aim of the chapter was to do a review to understand the AI technologies that influence value co-creation in the hospitality and tourism industry. The author found AI influencing VCC to include natural language processing, chatbot, intelligent agents, voice-activated digital support, personal digital assistants that aid online visitors, ML, etc. The DART model was selected as the primary framework due to its status as a prominent theory and its widespread application in the study of VCC. It was noticed that AI can facilitate dialogue, access, risk, and transparency, leading to customer/guests/visitor engagement. Future research should focus on AI for marketing and promotion. It was concluded that AI technology provides compelling prospects for engaging interactions and virtual gatherings.
AI Chatbots as a Catalyst for Customer Loyalty Investigating Digital Experience Preferences Across Age Groups
Authors: Murthy Yamijala Suryanarayana , B. S. Ravi Chandra
Published: May 2024

This study examines the growing role of AI chatbots in customer loyalty by examining digital experience preferences across age groups. The study examines AI chatbot features like availability, simplicity of use, accuracy, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, which are thought to affect digital experience and loyalty. The research uses hybrid methodologies to capture a variety of user interactions and viewpoints. Quantitative data is collected by administering structured surveys to a demographically diverse sample to examine chatbot attributes' effects on behavioral and attitudinal customer loyalty. The expected results may show a complex relationship between AI chatbots and customer loyalty. Younger generations value simplicity and quickness, whereas older people value accuracy and confidence. The scholarly discussion on digital customer engagement benefits from this study. This study helps organizations optimize their AI chatbot strategy to serve a wide range of clients. It emphasizes the need to understand generational preferences in the digital ecosystem.
Webrooming
Authors: Kohli Sahil , Shukla Rishi Prakash , Samant Piyush
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the evolving phenomenon of webrooming in the retail landscape. It delves into how technological advancements and changing consumer behaviors are reshaping the way customers engage with both online and offline retail environments. It highlights the importance of a seamless omnichannel strategy, addressing the synergy between digital browsing and physical purchasing. The chapter also emphasizes the role of personalization, customer experience, and sustainable practices in appealing to webroomers. Through a comprehensive analysis, it offers insights into how retailers can effectively harness webrooming to enhance customer engagement and drive sales, navigating the complexities of modern retail.
The Immunogenomic Landscape of Peripheral High-Dose IL-2 Pharmacodynamics in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Benchmark for Next-Generation IL-2–Based Immunotherapies
Authors: Beebe Kirk D , Eisner Joel R , Guo John , Shibata Yoichiro , Davison James M , Uronis Josh , Farhangfar Carol , Farhangfar Farhang , Mooney Jill , Milburn Michael V , White Richard L , Amin Asim , Milla Marcos E , Foureau David M
Published: May 2024

High-dose (HD) IL-2 was the first immuno-oncology agent approved for treating advanced renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma, but its use was limited because of substantial toxicities. Multiple next-generation IL-2 agents are being developed to improve tolerability. However, a knowledge gap still exists for the genomic markers that define the target pharmacology for HD IL-2 itself. In this retrospective observational study, we collected PBMC samples from 23 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who were treated with HD IL-2 between 2009 and 2015. We previously reported the results of flow cytometry analyses. In this study, we report the results of our RNA-sequencing immunogenomic survey, which was performed on bulk PBMC samples from immediately before (day 1), during (day 3), and after treatment (day 5) in cycle 1 and/or cycle 2 of the first course of HD IL-2. As part of a detailed analysis of immunogenomic response to HD IL-2 treatment, we analyzed the changes in individual genes and immune gene signatures. By day 3, most lymphoid cell types had transiently decreased, whereas myeloid transcripts increased. Although most genes and/or signatures generally returned to pretreatment expression levels by day 5, certain ones representative of B cell, NK cell, and T cell proliferation and effector functions continued to increase, along with B cell (but not T cell) oligoclonal expansion. Regulatory T cells progressively expanded during and after treatment. They showed strong negative correlation with myeloid effector cells. This detailed RNA-sequencing immunogenomic survey of IL-2 pharmacology complements results of prior flow cytometry analyses. These data provide valuable pharmacological context for assessing PBMC gene expression data from patients dosed with IL-2–related compounds that are currently in development.
Human enteric viruses’ detection in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farmed in the central Adriatic Sea
Authors: Ferri Gianluigi , Olivieri Vincenzo , Vergara Alberto
Published: May 2024

Human enteric viruses, such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and norovirus genogroups I and II (NoVGI and NoVGII), cause infections, and it has been largely demonstrated that mussels play an important role if consumed as raw or undercooked food matrices. This study aimed to investigate, through qualitative and quantitative biomolecular assays, the detection of partial genomic regions belonging to the most relevant enteropathogenic viruses for humans (HAV, HEV, NoVGI and NoVGII) in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farmed along the coasts of two Italian regions on the central Adriatic Sea: Abruzzo (Casalbordino, Chieti) and Molise (Termoli, Campobasso). A total of 425 animals were sampled, and the respective georeferentiations were registered. A total of 85 pools, each composed of five subjects/aliquot, were formed (22 from Abruzzo and 63 from Molise regions). This step was followed by homogenization and RNA extraction, and then the biomolecular assays [nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR] were performed. 1.17% of the pool was positive for HAV RNA detection (102 copies/mL), 9.41% for HEV (102-103 copies/mL), 2.35% for NoVGI (101 copies/mL), and no pool was positive for NoVGII. This study demonstrated the human enteric viruses’ presence in mussels farmed in a low-investigated marine area. Based on a one-health point of view, this paper wants to enforce the importance of biomolecular and epidemiological screenings as surveillance systems to guarantee human, animal, and environmental health.
Intra-orbital fat necrosis following transcaruncular orbitotomy mimicking a surgical site infection
Authors: Kapoor Anasua G. , Vijitha V. S. , Mittal Ruchi , Satyanarayana T. V. S.
Published: May 2024

Fat necrosis is a benign non-suppurative inflammation of adipose tissue most commonly occurring in breast, subcutaneous tissue or intraabdominal fat post trauma, surgery, radiation. Transcaruncularorbitotomy provides a safe, rapid, and cosmetically pleasing approach to the medial wall and orbital apex. Intraorbital fat necrosis as its complication has not been documented in literature. The authors report the case of an elderly lady who presented with localized pain, swelling following a transcaruncular orbitotomy for excision biopsy of an orbital vascular mass. The etiology, clinical presentation, intraoperative finding, imaging, and possible mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of postsurgical orbital fat necrosis has been suggested.
Recurrent and recalcitrant upper lid cicatricial entropion following combined chemotherapy
Authors: Galindo-Ferreiro Alicia , de Prado Otero Diego S. , Marquez Pilar I.G. , Schellini Silvana
Published: May 2024

We report a case of recalcitrant bilateral upper eyelid cicatricial entropion associated with distichiasis/trichiasis which followed an adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. The chemotherapy, administered for treatment of breast cancer, consisted of docetaxel, carboplatin, and herceptin. Shortly following the combined chemotherapy treatment, epiphora and eyelash abnormalities commenced. The patient presented with a swollen eyelid margin and tarsal conjunctival inflammation associated with cicatricial entropion and diffused distichiasis/trichiasis affecting the upper lids, with greater severity observed in the medial portion. Despite manual epilation and multiple argon laser sessions, no improvement was noted. Surgical treatment was performed using a lid split, distichiasis excision of the right upper lid, and homolateral tarsoconjunctival graft. The biopsy examination showed chronic inflammation, dermal fibrosis with squamous metaplasia process, and an abnormal epithelial differentiation. After 6 months, entropion recurred. Tarsal marginal rotation associated with posterior lamella advancement was performed. However, cicatricial entropion and distichiasis/trichiasis recurred. The patient was prescribed bandage contact lenses and topical lubrication to relieve symptoms.
Evaluation of Salivary Parameters and Oral Health Status in Periodontally Healthy Subjects and Chronic Periodontitis Subjects
Authors: Kurien Vino Tito V , Shanker Rajesh Kashyap , Hegde Shashikanth , Onisha V , Pillai Siva A S
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Periodontal disease is a chronic disease of the oral cavity that consists of a group of inflammatory disorders affecting the supporting structures of the dentition. Saliva can be used to predict the early onset of periodontitis. Several investigations have been carried out to evaluate the salivary chemical compounds that lead to the destruction and/or protection of periodontal tissues. The present study aimed to assess and compare salivary parameters and oral health status in periodontally healthy and chronic generalised periodontitis patients.

Materials and Methods:

This is an in vivo study designed to compare salivary parameters (albumin, urea, total proteins, amylase, glucose and pH) of unstimulated saliva and oral health status of periodontally healthy subjects (n = 65) and chronic generalised periodontitis subjects (n = 65). Human whole unstimulated saliva was collected by spitting method with the subject seated in an upright position after refraining from oral intake for 2 h before saliva collection. Approximately 5 mL of saliva was collected and stored in graduated saliva-collecting vials and refrigerated at 4°C for 1 h. The samples were centrifuged at 2800 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was separated from the substrate and stored at 20°C. Next, the sample was defrosted at room temperature and centrifuged at 3000 rpm. The supernatant was separated again to determine the concentrations of glucose, amylase, urea, total protein and albumin using the respective kits and analysed using an automated analyser. Salivary pH was estimated electrometrically with the help of a pH meter.

Results:

A significant association was found between salivary parameters (amylase and albumin total proteins) and clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index) [GI], probing depth and calculus index in generalised chronic periodontitis subjects when compared to periodontally healthy subjects.

Conclusion:

The increase in salivary parameters (amylase, total proteins and albumin) was statistically significant except for salivary glucose and urea (statistically non-significant) in generalised chronic periodontitis subjects compared to the healthy subjects. As the clinical parameters (probing depth, loss of attachment, PI, GI, calculus index and decay missing filled teeth) in periodontitis subjects increased, the salivary parameters also increased, suggesting a linear relationship between the generalised chronic periodontitis and salivary parameters (total proteins, albumin and amylase).
Ambulatory laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty
Authors: Sanchez Natalia J. , Cetolini Fernando , Scaravonati Rodolfo , Roche Sebastian , Brandi Claudio , Bertone Santiago
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

In recent years, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has become one of the elective techniques, attributing the advantages of minimally invasive procedures to it. However, the high costs related to the need for hospitalization and materials make them a limitation at the time of its indication.

OBJECTIVE:

Evaluate the feasibility of performing this procedure in an outpatient surgery center and the cost analysis of an outpatient procedure regarding the same in the setting of hospitalization. Retrospective cohort study of feasibility and minimization cost.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis was carried out on a prospective database in which all patients were included in those who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty on an outpatient basis between August 2015 and June 2018. Feasibility is expressed as the percentage of patients who were referred from the outpatient surgery unit. A cost minimization study was conducted taking the average cost of performing an ambulatory procedure versus the same procedure requiring a day of hospitalization. This work has been reported in line with the CHEERS criteria.

RESULTS:

116 patients were operated as outpatients, of which 109 were men (93.96%). The median age was 56.5 years (RIQ 19). 102 patients (87.93%) were operated on due to bilateral inguinal hernia, and 14 of them (12.07%) due to recurrent unilateral hernia, adding a total of 218 inguinal hernioplasties. The mean operative time in bilateral interventions was 112 minutes (DS 24) and in the unilateral recurrences it was 79 minutes (DS 13). 114 patients were discharged from the outpatient unit with 98.3% feasibility. The average postoperative stay was 2.53 h (DS 1). The average cost of ambulatory inguinal hernioplasty was $17725.1 vs $27297.3 in hospitalization. The same implies a cost reduction of 35%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty is a feasible and safe technique to perform on an outpatient basis. It provides a significant reduction in the costs of the procedure.
Surgical treatment for inguinoscrotal hernia with loss of dominion with preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum and botulinum toxin
Authors: Cubero José Ángel Ortiz , Soto-Bigot Marco , Chaves-Sandí Marcelo , Méndez-Villalobos Armando , Martínez-Hoed Jesús
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE:

The aim of this article is to establish which is the best peri- and intraoperative approach for patients with giant inguinoscrotal hernia.

METHODS:

A systematic review of the literature was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria through a search in PubMed, Scielo, and other resources, from January 2011 to April 2020. Prospective, retrospective, case reports, and clinical series were included. Patients who underwent emergency procedures and studies involving children or pregnant women were excluded.

RESULTS:

A total of 24 publications related to giant inguinal hernia were identified, which together group a total of 81 patients. The average age of the patients was 62 years. Of the 81 patients, in 10 cases (12%), loss of domain was objectively established. In patients with loss of domain, preoperative pneumoperitoneum (PPP) + botulinum toxin type A (TBA) was used in 80% of the cases. In 10% only NPP was used and in the remaining 10% only TBA was used. Regarding the repair technique, 70% used the anterior route. The most frequent surgery was Lichtenstein's procedure (38%), followed by Stoppa's procedure (9%) and transabdominal preperitoneal procedure (9%). The most frequent complication was the development of seromas. The median postoperative follow-up was 15 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

Inguinoscrotal hernias with loss of domain are rare, and therefore their management is far from being clearly defined. In those cases, where the loss of domain is confirmed, both botulinum toxin and preoperative pneumoperitoneum have been used, without documenting major complications. To repair the defect, the most widely used technique is Lichtenstein's procedure; however, the possibility of long-term recurrence should be assessed. The retrorectal repair could reduce the risk of recurrence as it is associated with greater mesh overlap.