bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delivering Chest Compressions and Ventilations With and Without Men's Lacrosse Equipment
Authors: Clark Michael D. , Davis Mikaela P. , Petschauer Meredith A. , Swartz Erik E. , Mihalik Jason P.
Published: March 2018

Context: 

Current management recommendations for equipment-laden athletes in sudden cardiac arrest regarding whether to remove protective sports equipment before delivering cardiopulmonary resuscitation are unclear.

Objective: 

To determine the effect of men's lacrosse equipment on chest compression and ventilation quality on patient simulators.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Controlled laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Twenty-six licensed athletic trainers (18 women, 8 men; age = 25 ± 7 years; experience = 2.1 ± 1.6 years).

Intervention(s): 

In a single 2-hour session, participants were block randomized to 3 equipment conditions for compressions and 6 conditions for ventilations on human patient simulators.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Data for chest compressions (mean compression depth, compression rate, percentage of correctly released compressions, and percentage of optimal compressions) and ventilations (ventilation rate, mean ventilation volume, and percentage of ventilations delivering optimal volume) were analyzed within participants across equipment conditions.

Results: 

Keeping the shoulder pads in place reduced mean compression depth (all P values < .001, effect size = 0.835) and lowered the percentages of both correctly released compressions (P = .02, effect size = 0.579) and optimal-depth compressions (all P values < .003, effect size = 0.900). For both the bag-valve and pocket masks, keeping the chinstrap in place reduced mean ventilation volume (all P values < .001, effect size = 1.323) and lowered the percentage of optimal-volume ventilations (all P values < .006, effect size = 1.038). Regardless of equipment, using a bag-valve versus a pocket mask increased the ventilation rate (all P values < .003, effect size = 0.575), the percentage of optimal ventilations (all P values < .002, effect size = 0.671), and the mean volume (P = .002, effect size = 0.598) across all equipment conditions.

Conclusions: 

For a men's lacrosse athlete who requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the shoulder pads should be lifted or removed to deliver chest compressions. The facemask and chinstrap, or the entire helmet, should be removed to deliver ventilations, preferably with a bag-valve mask.
Dynamics of Teichmüller modular groups and topology of moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces of infinite type
Authors: Matsuzaki Katsuhiko
Published: March 2018

We investigate the dynamics of the Teichmüller modular group on the Teichmüller space of a Riemann surface of infinite topological type. Since the modular group does not necessarily act discontinuously, the quotient space cannot inherit a rich geometric structure from the Teichmüller space. However, we introduce the set of points where the action of the Teichmüller modular group is stable, and we prove that this region of stability is generic in the Teichmüller space. By taking the quotient and completion with respect to the Teichmüller distance, we obtain a geometric object that we regard as an appropriate moduli space of the quasiconformally equivalent complex structures admitted on a topologically infinite Riemann surface.
Subspace arrangements, BNS invariants, and pure symmetric outer automorphisms of right-angled Artin groups
Authors: Day Matthew B. , Wade Richard D.
Published: March 2018

We introduce a homology theory for subspace arrangements, and use it to extract a new system of numerical invariants from the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel invariant of a group. We use these to characterize when the set of basis conjugating outer automorphisms (a.k.a. the pure symmetric outer automorphism group) of a right-angled Artin group is itself a right-angled Artin group.
Stability in Outer space
Authors: Hamenstädt Ursula , Hensel Sebastian
Published: March 2018

We characterize strongly Morse quasi-geodesics in Outer space as quasi-geodesics which project to quasi-geodesics in the free factor graph. We define convex cocompact subgroups of Out

(F_n)

as subgroups such that an orbit map in the free factor graph is a quasi-isometric embedding, and we characterize such groups via their action on Outer space in a way which resembles the characterization of convex cocompact subgroups of mapping class groups.
November/December 2012
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: March 2018

Volume 10, Number 6
May/June 2012
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: March 2018

Volume 10, Number 3
Volume 11, Number 4
Authors: DeVito, Jr Richard A.
Published: March 2018

Full issue
Volume 11, Number 3
Authors: DeVito, Jr Richard A.
Published: March 2018

May/June 2013
Volume 11, Number 1
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: March 2018

January/February 2013
March/April 2017 Full Issue
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: March 2018

Complete Issue
Volume 15, Number 3 May/June 2017 full issue
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: March 2018

no abstract
Volume 15, Number 4
Authors: DeVito, Jr Richard A.
Published: March 2018

July/August 2017
Volume 15, Number 5
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: March 2018

Complete issue
Disaster preparedness: Assessment of older adults living in the NYC rockaways
Authors: Campos-Gatjens, DNP, FNP-BC Katie
Published: March 2018

Objective: To determine if there has been a measureable improvement in disaster preparedness among older adults affected by Hurricane Sandy in the NYC Rockaways and to identify if there are any characteristics among this sample that might be factors for vulnerability.Design: A 16-item self-reported survey compromised of demographics and needs assessment questions.Subjects: Senior citizens who are members of a local senior center and live in the Rockaways. Main outcome measures: Three hypotheses were tested.(1) H1: That there is a positive difference in level of the Pre- and Post- Sandy Storm Preparedness.(2) H0: That the level of Storm Preparedness is not related to relative advanced age factor in older adults.(3) H0: That the level of Storm Preparedness is not related to living arrangement, income level, and/or access to transportation Results: The alternative hypothesis was accepted for hypothesis one. The null hypotheses were accepted for hypotheses two and three. Conclusions: It was found that the level of disaster preparedness has significantly improved. The age of the participants when analyzed as two groups, those under and those over age 70, is not related to storm preparedness. Also, demographic factors are not significantly related to disaster preparedness. These findings may be a result of older adult psychological development as discussed by Erikson or the participants may be homogeneous due to their shared traumatic experience of Hurricane Sandy.
The impact of state fire safe cigarette policies on fire fatalities, injuries, and incidents
Authors: Folz, PhD David H. , Shults, PhD Chris
Published: March 2018

Cigarettes are a leading cause of civilian deaths in home fires. Over the last decade, state fire service leaders and allied interest groups succeeded in persuading state lawmakers to require manufacturers to sell only low-ignition strength or “fire safe” cigarettes as a strategy to reduce these fatalities and the injuries and losses that stem from them. This article examines whether the states’ fire safe cigarette laws actually helped to save lives, prevent injuries, and reduce the incidence of home fires ignited by cigarettes left unattended by smokers. Controlling for the effects of key demographic, social, economic, and housing variables, this study finds that the states’ fire-safe cigarette policies had significant impacts on reducing the rate of smoking-related civilian fire deaths and the incidence of fires started by tobacco products. The findings also suggest that the states’ fire safe cigarette policies may have helped to reduce the rate of smoking-related fire injuries. The study shows that collective actions by leaders in the fire service across the states can result in meaningful policy change that protects lives and advances public safety even when a political consensus for action is absent at the national level.
November/December 2017
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: March 2018

November/December 2017 Vol 15 No 6
Remotely Piloted Life-Saving Effort vehicles and emergency management: An analysis on revolutionizing humanitarian assistance in Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem, MSc Ali Bin , Chandna YSA
Published: March 2018

The majority of the Pakistani public has known little of the unmanned aerial vehicles, also known for their onomatopoeically inspired name “drones,” except the fact that it regularly rains Hellfire missiles in Pakistan, claiming the lives of many innocent Pakistanis settled in the western provinces. In actuality, in addition to their destructive capacities, these remotely piloted vehicles have been used since the turn of the century in a variety of live-saving and risk-reducing roles. This research article primarily addresses the third stage of Emergency management response, with Pakistan being the primary region of research. This research article will first begin by diagnosing and accurately delineating the types of humanitarian crisis that grip Pakistan, devastating its land, exhausting its limited resources in its weak, and now almost archaic, disaster response strategy that results in the prolongation of its citizens’ plight. Subsequently, this article will describe the history of the usage of unmanned vehicles, its multi-functional capacities, and its relevance in aiding humanitarian response efforts in disaster-stricken areas. Finally, this article will propose the introduction of Remotely Piloted Life-Saving Effort (RELIEF) vehicles in performing analysis and surveillance roles in Pakistan's disaster-prone and disaster-struck areas and its capacity to dramatically improve and expedite the existing relief supply delivery systems in place.
Managing uncertainty: Lessons from volcanic lava disruption of transportation infrastructure in Puna, Hawaii
Authors: Kim, PhD Karl , Pant, PhD Pradip , Yamashita, MURP Eric
Published: March 2018

A recent lava flow in Puna, Hawaii, threatened to close one of the major highways serving the region. This article provides background information on the volcanic hazards and describes events, responses, and challenges associated with managing a complex, long-duration disaster. In addition to the need to better understand geologic hazards and threats, there is a need for timely information and effective response and recovery of transportation infrastructure. This requires coordination and sharing of information between scientists, emergency managers, transportation planners, government agencies, and community organizations. Transportation assets play a critical role in terms of problem definition, response, and recovery. The challenges with managing a long-duration event include: (1) determining when a sufficient threat level exists to close roads; (2) identifying transportation alternatives; (3) assessing impacts on communities including the direct threats to homes, businesses, structures, and infrastructure; (4) engaging communities in planning and deliberation of choices and alternatives; and (5) managing uncertainties and different reactions to hazards, threats, and risks. The transportation planning process provides a pathway for addressing initial community concerns. Focusing not just on roadways but also on travel behavior before, during, and after disasters is a vital aspect of building resilience. The experience in Puna with the volcano crisis is relevant to other communities seeking to adapt and manage long-term threats such as climate change, sea level risk, and other long-duration events.
Managing the “Worried Well” during a large-scale incident
Authors: Bullock, DHSc, CIH, CSP, FAIHA William , Smith, MD, FACEP E. Reed , Heligman, MD, MPH Craig
Published: March 2018

A number of recent incidents in the United States resulted in a large number of citizens reporting to the Emergency Room seeking reassurance that they were okay. These citizens are being referred to in the medical community as the “Worried Well.” We conducted a review of a transportation incident involving a chemical release and fire, which resulted in over 100 people reporting to the local emergency room for evaluation. Few, if any of the patients seen in the hospital had a potential exposure to the chemical or combustion byproducts. It is probable that stress hormones released by the sympathetic nervous system caused the symptoms experienced by the majority of the patients. This review suggest the need for better coordination between incident command and the hospital, including more timely situation reports including parameters such as the wind direction and potential downwind pollutant levels, to assist the physicians and nurses more appropriately manage these “Worried Well.”
January/February 2018 full issue
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: March 2018

Volume 16, Number 1
Relationship between chemical composition and oxidative potential of secondary organic aerosol from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Wang Shunyao , Ye Jianhuai , Soong Ronald , Wu Bing , Yu Legeng , Simpson André J. , Chan Arthur W. H.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Owing to the complex nature and dynamic behaviors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), its ability to cause oxidative stress (known as oxidative potential, or OP) and adverse health outcomes remains poorly understood. In this work, we probed the linkages between the chemical composition of SOA and its OP, and investigated impacts from various SOA evolution pathways, including atmospheric oligomerization, heterogeneous oxidation, and mixing with metal. SOA formed from photooxidation of the two most common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene and phenanthrene) were studied as model systems. OP was evaluated using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The oligomer-rich fraction separated by liquid chromatography dominates DTT activity in both SOA systems (52 ± 10 % for naphthalene SOA (NSOA), and 56 ± 5 % for phenanthrene SOA (PSOA)). Heterogeneous ozonolysis of NSOA was found to enhance its OP, which is consistent with the trend observed in selected individual oxidation products. DTT activities from redox-active organic compounds and metals were found to be not additive. When mixing with highly redox-active metal (Cu), OP of the mixture decreased significantly for 1,2-naphthoquinone (42 ± 7 %), 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene (35 ± 1 %), NSOA (50 ± 6 %), and PSOA (43 ± 4 %). Evidence from proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy illustrates that such OP reduction upon mixing can be ascribed to metal–organic binding interactions. Our results highlight the role of aerosol chemical composition under atmospheric aging processes in determining the OP of SOA, which is needed for more accurate and explicit prediction of the toxicological impacts from particulate matter.
Volcanic ash modeling with the NMMB-MONARCH-ASH model: quantification of offline modeling errors
Authors: Marti Alejandro , Folch Arnau
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Volcanic ash modeling systems are used to simulate the atmospheric
dispersion of volcanic ash and to generate forecasts that quantify the
impacts from volcanic eruptions on infrastructures, air quality, aviation,
and climate. The efficiency of response and mitigation actions is directly
associated with the accuracy of the volcanic ash cloud detection and
modeling systems. Operational forecasts build on offline coupled modeling
systems in which meteorological variables are updated at the specified coupling
intervals. Despite the concerns from other communities regarding the
accuracy of this strategy, the quantification of the systematic errors and
shortcomings associated with the offline modeling systems has received no
attention. This paper employs the NMMB-MONARCH-ASH model to quantify these
errors by employing different quantitative and categorical evaluation
scores. The skills of the offline coupling strategy are compared against
those from an online forecast considered to be the best estimate of the
true outcome. Case studies are considered for a synthetic eruption with
constant eruption source parameters and for two historical events, which
suitably illustrate the severe aviation disruptive effects of European (2010
Eyjafjallajökull) and South American (2011 Cordón Caulle) volcanic
eruptions. Evaluation scores indicate that systematic errors due to the
offline modeling are of the same order of magnitude as those associated
with the source term uncertainties. In particular, traditional offline
forecasts employed in operational model setups can result in significant
uncertainties, failing to reproduce, in the worst cases, up to 45–70 % of
the ash cloud of an online forecast. These inconsistencies are anticipated
to be even more relevant in scenarios in which the meteorological conditions
change rapidly in time. The outcome of this paper encourages operational
groups responsible for real-time advisories for aviation to consider
employing computationally efficient online dispersal models.
Source contributions of sulfur and nitrogen deposition – an HTAP II multi
model study on hemispheric transport
Authors: Tan Jiani , Fu Joshua S. , Dentener Frank , Sun Jian , Emmons Louisa , Tilmes Simone , Flemming Johannes , Takemura Toshihiko , Bian Huisheng , Zhu Qingzhao , Yang Cheng-En , Keating Terry
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Abstract. With rising emissions by human activities, enhanced concentrations of air pollutants have been detected in hemispheric air flows in recent years, aggravating the regional air pollution and deposition burden. However, contributions of hemispheric air pollution to deposition at global scale have been given little attention in the literature. In this light, we assess the impact of hemispheric transport on sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition for 6 world regions: North America, Europe, South Asia, East Asia, Middle East and Russia in 2010, by using the multi-model ensemble results from the 2nd phase of Task Force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP II) with and without 20 % emission perturbation experiments. About 27–58 %, 26–46 % and 12–23 % of local S, NOx and NH3 emissions are transported and removed by deposition outside of the source regions annually, with 5 % higher fraction of export in winter and 5 % lower in summer. For receptor regions, 20 % emission reduction in source regions affects the deposition in receptor regions by 1–10 % for continental non-coastal regions and 1–15 % for coastal regions and open oceans. Significant influences are found from North America to the North Atlantic Ocean (5–15 %), from South Asia to western East Asia (2–10 %) and from East Asia to the North Pacific Ocean (5–10 %) and western North America (5–8 %). The impact on deposition caused by transport between neighbouring regions (i.e. Europe and Russia) occurs throughout the whole year (slightly stronger in winter), while that by transport over long distances (i.e. from East Asia to North America) mainly takes place in spring and fall, which is consistent with the seasonality found for hemispheric transport of air pollutants. Deposition in emission intense regions such as East Asia is dominated (~ 80 %) by own region emission, while deposition in low emission regions such as Russia is almost equally affected by own region emission (~ 40 %) and foreign impact (~ 23–45 %). We also find that deposition on the coastal regions or near coastal open ocean is twice more sensitive to hemispheric transport than non-coastal continental regions, especially for regions (i.e. west coast of North America) in the downwind location of major emission source regions. This study highlights the significant impact of hemispheric transport on deposition in coastal regions, open ocean and low emission regions. Further research is proposed for improving ecosystem and human health in these regions, with regards to the enhanced hemispheric transport.
Bootstrap inversion technique for atmospheric trace gas source detection and quantification using long open-path laser measurements
Authors: Alden Caroline B. , Ghosh Subhomoy , Coburn Sean , Sweeney Colm , Karion Anna , Wright Robert , Coddington Ian , Rieker Gregory B. , Prasad Kuldeep
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Advances in natural gas extraction technology have led to increased activity in the production and transport sectors in the United States and, as a consequence, an increased need for reliable monitoring of methane leaks to the atmosphere. We present a statistical methodology in combination with an observing system for the detection and attribution of fugitive emissions of methane from distributed potential source location landscapes such as natural gas production sites. We measure long (> 500 m), integrated open-path concentrations of atmospheric methane using a dual frequency comb spectrometer and combine measurements with an atmospheric transport model to infer leak locations and strengths using a novel statistical method, the non-zero minimum bootstrap (NZMB). The new statistical method allows us to determine whether the empirical distribution of possible source strengths for a given location excludes zero. Using this information, we identify leaking source locations (i.e., natural gas wells) through rejection of the null hypothesis that the source is not leaking. The method is tested with a series of synthetic data inversions with varying measurement density and varying levels of model–data mismatch. It is also tested with field observations of (1) a non-leaking source location and (2) a source location where a controlled emission of 3.1  ×  10−5 kg s−1 of methane gas is released over a period of several hours. This series of synthetic data tests and outdoor field observations using a controlled methane release demonstrates the viability of the approach for the detection and sizing of very small leaks of methane across large distances (4+ km2 in synthetic tests). The field tests demonstrate the ability to attribute small atmospheric enhancements of 17 ppb to the emitting source location against a background of combined atmospheric (e.g., background methane variability) and measurement uncertainty of 5 ppb (1σ), when measurements are averaged over 2 min. The results of the synthetic and field data testing show that the new observing system and statistical approach greatly decreases the incidence of false alarms (that is, wrongly identifying a well site to be leaking) compared with the same tests that do not use the NZMB approach and therefore offers increased leak detection and sizing capabilities.
Carbon–climate feedbacks accelerate ocean acidification
Authors: Matear Richard J. , Lenton Andrew
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Carbon–climate feedbacks have the potential to significantly
impact the future climate by altering atmospheric CO2 concentrations
(Zaehle et al., 2010). By modifying the future atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the
carbon–climate feedbacks will also influence the future ocean acidification
trajectory. Here, we use the CO2 emissions scenarios from four
representative concentration pathways (RCPs) with an Earth system model to
project the future trajectories of ocean acidification with the inclusion of
carbon–climate feedbacks. We show that simulated carbon–climate feedbacks can significantly impact the
onset of undersaturated aragonite conditions in the Southern and Arctic
oceans, the suitable habitat for tropical coral and the deepwater saturation
states. Under the high-emissions scenarios (RCP8.5 and RCP6), the
carbon–climate feedbacks advance the onset of surface water under saturation
and the decline in suitable coral reef habitat by a decade or more. The
impacts of the carbon–climate feedbacks are most significant for the medium-
(RCP4.5) and low-emissions (RCP2.6) scenarios. For the RCP4.5 scenario, by
2100 the carbon–climate feedbacks nearly double the area of surface water
undersaturated with respect to aragonite and reduce by 50 % the surface
water suitable for coral reefs. For the RCP2.6 scenario, by 2100 the
carbon–climate feedbacks reduce the area suitable for coral reefs by 40 %
and increase the area of undersaturated surface water by 20 %. The
sensitivity of ocean acidification to the carbon–climate feedbacks in the low
to medium emission scenarios is important because recent CO2 emission
reduction commitments are trying to transition emissions to such a scenario.
Our study highlights the need to better characterise the carbon–climate
feedbacks and ensure we do not underestimate the projected ocean
acidification.
Postcrania of large dissorophid temnospondyls from Richards Spur, Oklahoma
Authors: Gee Bryan M. , Reisz Robert R.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The early Permian karst system near Richards Spur, Oklahoma preserves a diverse assemblage of terrestrial dissorophoid temnospondyls. Here we report the presence of a large-bodied dissorophine dissorophid that is represented by an articulated anterior trunk region, including a partial pectoral girdle, a ribcage characterized by extremely developed uncinate processes, and a rare, completely articulated pes. This represents the first documentation of the clade at the locality. Previously, dissorophids were represented only by the eucacopine Cacops. A complete pelvic girdle with hindlimbs is also referred to Cacops and represents the first material of the posterior trunk region to be described from the genus at Richards Spur. These specimens expand the taxonomic diversity known from the site and provide significant, well-preserved postcranial material that improves the characterization of dissorophid postcranial anatomy.
GOLUM-CNP v1.0: a data-driven modeling of carbon, nitrogen and
phosphorus cycles in major terrestrial biomes
Authors: Wang Yilong , Ciais Philippe , Goll Daniel , Huang Yuanyuan , Luo Yiqi , Wang Ying-Ping , Bloom A. Anthony , Broquet Grégoire , Hartmann Jens , Peng Shushi , Penuelas Josep , Piao Shilong , Sardans Jordi , Stocker Benjamin D. , Wang Rong , Zaehle Sönke , Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Global terrestrial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles are coupled to the global carbon (C) cycle for net primary production (NPP), plant C allocation and decomposition of soil organic matter, but N and P have distinct pathways of inputs and losses. Current C-nutrient models exhibit large uncertainties in their estimates of pool sizes, fluxes and turnover rates of nutrients, due to a lack of consistent global data for evaluating the models. In this study, we present a new model-data fusion framework called Global Observation-based Land-ecosystems Utilization Model of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus (GOLUM-CNP) that combines the CARbon DAta MOdel fraMework (CARDAMOM) data-constrained C-cycle analysis with spatially explicit data-driven estimates of N and P inputs and losses and with observed stoichiometric ratios. We calculated the steady-state N- and P-pool sizes and fluxes globally for large biomes. Our study showed that new N inputs from biological fixation and deposition supplied > 20 % of total plant uptake in most forest ecosystems but accounted for smaller fractions in boreal forests and grasslands. New P inputs from atmospheric deposition and rock weathering supplied a much smaller fraction of total plant uptake than new N inputs, indicating that the terrestrial C sink may ultimately be constrained by low P. Nutrient-use efficiency, defined as the ratio of gross primary production (GPP) to plant nutrient uptake, can be diagnosed from our model results and compared between biomes. Tropical forests had the lowest N-use efficiency and the highest P-use efficiency of the forest biomes. An analysis of sensitivity and uncertainty indicated that the NPP-allocation fractions to leaves, roots and wood contributed the most to the uncertainties in the estimates of nutrient-use efficiencies. Correcting for biases in NPP-allocation fractions produced more plausible gradients of N- and P-use efficiencies from tropical to boreal ecosystems and highlighted the critical role of accurate measurements of C allocation for understanding the N and P cycles.
DATeS: A Highly-Extensible Data Assimilation Testing Suite
Authors: Attia Ahmed , Sandu Adrian
Published: March 2018

Abstract. A flexible and highly-extensible data assimilation testing suite, named DATeS, is described in this paper. DATeS aims to offer a unified testing environment that allows researchers to compare different data assimilation methodologies and understand their performance in various settings. The core of DATeS is implemented in Python and takes advantage of its object-oriented capabilities. The main components of the package (the numerical models, the data assimilation algorithms, the linear algebra solvers, and the time discretization routines) are independent of each other, which offers great flexibility to configure data assimilation applications. DATeS can interface easily with large third-party numerical models written in Fortran or in C, and with a plethora of external solvers.
On the retrieval of sea ice thickness and snow depth using concurrent laser altimetry and L-band remote sensing data
Authors: Zhou Lu , Xu Shiming , Liu Jiping , Wang Bin
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The accurate knowledge of sea ice parameters, including sea ice thickness and
snow depth over the sea ice cover, is key to both climate studies and data
assimilation in operational forecasts. Large-scale active and passive remote
sensing is the basis for the estimation of these parameters. In traditional
altimetry or the retrieval of snow depth with passive microwave remote
sensing, although the sea ice thickness and the snow depth are closely
related, the retrieval of one parameter is usually carried out under
assumptions over the other. For example, climatological snow depth data or as
derived from reanalyses contain large or unconstrained uncertainty, which
result in large uncertainty in the derived sea ice thickness and volume. In
this study, we explore the potential of combined retrieval of both sea ice
thickness and snow depth using the concurrent active altimetry and passive
microwave remote sensing of the sea ice cover. Specifically, laser altimetry
and L-band passive remote sensing data are combined using two forward models:
the L-band radiation model and the isostatic relationship based on buoyancy
model. Since the laser altimetry usually features much higher spatial
resolution than L-band data from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS)
satellite, there is potentially covariability between the observed snow
freeboard by altimetry and the retrieval target of snow depth on the spatial
scale of altimetry samples. Statistically significant correlation is
discovered based on high-resolution observations from Operation IceBridge
(OIB), and with a nonlinear fitting the covariability is incorporated in the
retrieval algorithm. By using fitting parameters derived from large-scale
surveys, the retrievability is greatly improved compared with the
retrieval that assumes flat snow cover (i.e., no covariability).
Verifications with OIB data show good match between the observed and the
retrieved parameters, including both sea ice thickness and snow depth. With
detailed analysis, we show that the error of the retrieval mainly arises from
the difference between the modeled and the observed (SMOS) L-band brightness
temperature (TB). The narrow swath and the limited coverage of the sea ice
cover by altimetry is the potential source of error associated with the
modeling of L-band TB and retrieval. The proposed retrieval methodology can
be applied to the basin-scale retrieval of sea ice thickness and snow depth,
using concurrent passive remote sensing and active laser altimetry based on
satellites such as ICESat-2 and WCOM.
Modeling of quasi-static thrust load of wind turbines based on 1 s SCADA data
Authors: Noppe Nymfa , Weijtjens Wout , Devriendt Christof
Published: March 2018

Abstract. A reliable load history is crucial for a fatigue assessment of wind turbines.
However, installing strain sensors on every wind turbine is not economically
feasible. In this paper, a technique is proposed to reconstruct the thrust
load history of a wind turbine based on high-frequency Supervisory Control
and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data. Strain measurements
recorded during a short period of time are used to train a neural network.
The selection of appropriate input parameters is performed based on Pearson
correlation and mutual information. Once the training is done, the model can
be used to predict the thrust load based on SCADA data only. The technique is
validated on two different datasets, one consisting of simulation data (using
the software FAST v8, created by Jonkman and Jonkman, 2016) obtained in a
controllable environment and one consisting of measurements taken at an
offshore wind turbine. In general, the relative error between simulated or
measured and predicted thrust load barely exceeds 15 % during normal
operation.
Buen Vivir as Policy: Challenging Neoliberalism or Consolidating State Power in Ecuador
Authors: Williford Beth
Published: March 2018

Core countries, including the United States, and global financial institutions have exerted an unmatched power to define and implement neoliberal policies, globally. These policies conceive of development as strictly economic in nature and call for a reduction in the size of the state and increasing privatization to guarantee growth. In this paper I examine Ecuador’s adoption of ‘Buen Vivir’ to understand how the state can challenge the neoliberal agenda and how its power is redefined in the process. Buen Vivir is an indigenous Andean philosophy that emphasizes community well-being, reciprocity, solidarity, and harmony with Pachamama (Mother Earth). I analyze public government documents to investigate how policies based upon buen vivir have served to solidify an antisystemic position in a direct challenge to traditional neoliberal notions of economic prosperity, growth, and material accumulation. Through a review of how the state has sought to reposition itself as well as some of the contradictions in the implementation of Buen Vivir, I contend that the state exercises both dominating and transformative power. The case of Ecuador provides insight into the distinguishing role the state can play in resisting neoliberal development and in effect decentering global capitalism.
Interwar Romania and the Greening of the Iron Cage: The Biopolitics of Dimitrie Gusti, Virgil Madgearu, Mihail Manoilescu, and Ştefan Zeletin
Authors: Costinescu Ion Matei
Published: March 2018

This study examines the reconfiguration of the colonial matrix of power along biopolitical lines in interwar Romania. I reconstruct a shifting field of human sciences and governmentality whose cognitive interest resided in identifying the proper template for national subject-making and social modernization. This undertaking was predicated on diagnosing economic, political, and cultural blockages hindering the transformation of Romanian peasants into active political subjects. Building human capacity in the full, renewable, and open-ended sense implied by the term “bios” was seen as essential to overcoming what world-systems scholars would later characterize as conditions of dependency. But the empowerment/ knowledge inherent in the biopoliticization of national development was simultaneously circumscribed and enabled by its transformation into power/knowledge mechanisms. I thus show the strong linkages between economics, sociology, and biopolitical theorizing during that era. Drawing on Weberian notions of the iron cage, Foucauldian approaches, decolonial thought, and the concept of alternative modernities, I examine several important projects of national development. These are exemplified by Dimitrie Gusti, Virgil Madgearu, Mihail Manoilescu, and Ştefan Zeletin. Said projects were based on analyses that reveal how Romania’s domestic status quo, peripheral characteristics, and role in the international political economy were conceptualized at the time. Furthermore, the biopolitical visions and alternative modernity programs advanced by these thinkers were imagined as upgraded variations of the Weberian iron cage. These variants were geared towards creating subjects capable of reproducing their distinctive internal economic, social, and political logics. In this way, these competing modernity projects, which were connected with well-defined organizational actors, helped crystallize the broader interwar colonial matrix within Romania.
Review of India, Modernity and the Great Divergence: Mysore and Gujarat (17th to 19th C.)
Authors: Plys Kristin
Published: March 2018

n/a
Use of a Scaffolded Case Study Assignment to Enhance Students’ Scientific Literacy Skills in Undergraduate Nutritional Science Education: Comparison between Traditional Lecture and Distance Education Course Formats
Authors: Monk Jennifer M , Newton Genevieve
Published: March 2018

We investigated whether the implementation of a scaffolded case study assignment could increase student perceptions of their scientific literacy (SL) skills in a third year Nutritional Science course.  The change in students’ SL perceptions were assessed by the completion of two surveys (administered at the start and end of the semester) consisting of questions probing a range of SL criteria relevant to undergraduate students.  Additionally, we determined if the change in student perceived SL over the semester i) was related to their learning approach (i.e. deep versus surface approaches), as assessed by the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire-2 (R-SPQ-2F), and ii) differed between course format, that is, in-class traditional lecture (LEC) and online distance education (DE).  The LEC students (n=179) showed improvements in all ten SL outcomes assessed over the course of the semester, whereas the DE students (n=71) showed improvements in only six of the ten parameters assessed, however, the DE course started with a higher assessment of baseline SL capabilities.  Additionally, the overall change in perceived SL capabilities was not associated with learning approach (i.e. surface or deep) in either class format.  These data demonstrate that case-based learning assignments can promote students perceived SL capabilities in both traditional lecture and distance education course formats.
Demographic and academic characteristics that contribute to burnout occurrence in nursing students-Analytic study
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Marques da , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Beck Carmem Lúcia Colomé , Grazziano Eliane Da Silva , Costa Ana Lucia Siqueira , Lopes Victor Cauê
Published: March 2018

Objective: Several features, such as workload, irregular practice of sports, and work experiences may contribute to the Burnout However, although different investigations have assessed the associations between demographic and academic characteristics and Burnout across different countries, few studies were conducted in Brazil, especially with nursing students. So, we assessed the association of demographic and academic variables to Burnout occurrence in nursing students.Methods: This is a quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study. We applied a Form to demographic and academic characterization and the Maslach Burnout Inventory in 570 nursing students between April 2011 and March 2012. To compare the occurrence of Burnout and of its subscales regarding to sociodemographic and academic variables, we used the Chi-Square test and the Fisher exact test (Tables 2 × 2), p < .05. The Ethics Research Committee at the University approved this project under protocol No. 0380.0.243.000-10.Results: Burnout occurrence is higher among students enrolled in first semester, who attend 10 disciplines, without thoughts of leaving the course and who has no job activity. The high Emotional Exhaustion and low Professional Efficacy predominate among unemployed students, and who never thought in leaving the course. The high Cynicism predominated among students aged 20-24 years, enrolled in first semester, who does not work and without experience in healthcare.Conclusions: Few demographic and academic characteristics contribute to Burnout occurrence in nursing students, raising the need of interventions to relieve stress in this population.
Adopting a Strategic Approach to Matching People to Jobs
Authors: Griffin Chalette Renee
Published: March 2018

This conceptual analysis explores recruiters’ ability to utilize the practice of strategic foresight to scan internal and external environments as a strategic plan to matching people to jobs. In today’s volatile market, it is no longer useful for recruiters to attract and hire talent with a desultory mindset when filling open positions without considering internal and external factors. Today’s recruiters must become more deliberate in who they hire by having a tactical plan to attract and retain the most qualified people in an unpredictable global market. Through the process of developing a conceptual framework model, this paper aims to present three strategic foresight competencies required for recruiters to match people to jobs. Also, this conceptual analysis will argue the need for recruiters to possess a strategic mindset to attract and hire the most qualified people to an organization. Furthermore, discuss the implications of recruiters who lack strategic foresight competencies. The practice of strategic foresight is now a requirement for recruiters to become cognizant of internal and external factors such as competitive behavior, technological change, political and economic conditions and human capital, which can influence their approach to matching people to jobs. Overall, when recruiters match talent based on the company’s strategic drivers rather than blindly fill open positions without a tactical plan, organizations can better achieve its performance potential.
The Impact of IFRS Adoption on the Value Relevance of Accounting Information: Evidence from the Insurance Sector
Authors: Alnodel Ali A.
Published: March 2018

This paper aims to investigate whether the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) increases the value relevance of accounting information for insurance firms listed in the Saudi stock market. The study employs the Ohlson model (1995) and the Easton–Harris valuation model (1991) in order to examine the association among stock market value and book value and earnings per share. The data was collected for 21 insurance companies listed in the Saudi stock market during the period 2007–2014, which covered pre- / post-IFRS periods. The results reveal that the book value of equity becomes less value relevant whereas earnings are more value relevant. Further analysis suggests that the increase in the value relevance of accounting information is positively influenced by companies’ attributes, especially profitability and size rather than IFRS adoption. These results highlight the importance of institutional factors in the determination of the value relevance of accounting information in emerging stock markets. These results also expand IFRS research through a consideration of the insurance industry, which is more vulnerable to the accounting evaluation model.
The Time-Varying Effects of Monetary Policy on House Prices in China: An Application of TVP-VAR Model with Stochastic Volatility
Authors: Cai Weina , Wang Sen
Published: March 2018

The boom of housing market in China in recent years has attracted great concerns from all over the world. How monetary policy affects house prices in China becomes an essential topic. This paper studies the time-varying effects of monetary policy on house prices in China during 2005.7-2017.10, by using a time-varying parameter VAR model. This paper obtains three interesting results. First, there are time-varying features of the responses of house prices to monetary policy shocks half-year and 1-year ahead, no matter through interest rate channel or through credit channel. Second, interest rate channel and credit channel have been enhanced since financial crisis in 2008. Third, the responses of nominal house prices to monetary policy in China are mainly driven by the responses of real house prices, instead of inflation. Finally, this paper gives proper suggestions for each finding respectively to central bank in China.
The Research on Anti-dumping, Cost and Chinese Export: Based on Multilateral Resistance Term of Gravity Model
Authors: Li Rou
Published: March 2018

Using country-industry data, this study investigates the effect of anti-dumping on Chinese export via Multilateral Resistance Term of Gravity Model. Begin with the effect of anti-dumping on total export, we further investigate the mechanism between them with extensive margin and intensive margin theory in Dutt et al. (2013). We find that, anti-dumping has a statistically significant and negative effect on total export, extensive margin and intensive margin, and the increase of variable cost is the mechanism of negative effect between anti-dumping and export.
Leadership and Team Values Shape Employee Engagement: Test of a Multilevel Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Matsunaga Masaki
Published: March 2018

The current research scrutinized how a leader’s communication and team value orientations interactively relate to employee engagement. The proposed model hypothesized that the impact of leadership on engagement would be mediated by followers’ trust toward a leader and this leadership-trust-engagement linkage would be moderated by team power distance and collectivism; in addition, employee voice behavior was examined as a behavioral manifestation of engagement. The results of multilevel structural equation modeling analyses with the data collected at a large electronics company in Japan (n = 638 members and 68 team leaders) revealed that transformational leadership was positively associated with employee trust and engagement when team power distance and collectivism were high, but not when those team values were low. Transactional leadership had negative effects on trust and engagement, regardless of team values. Finally, engagement was strongly positively associated with employee voice behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Research on China’s M&A Efficiency Based on DEA–Tobit
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhang Zhijun
Published: March 2018

M&A has always been the theme of country economic development and corporate transformation and upgrading, M&A promote the flow of capital between enterprises and make the optimal scale of operation by reallocating the resources and adjusting asset structure. Based on the perspective of acquirers and acquires, Research uses the DEA-Tobit method to measure the dynamic effect of 6 kinds of M&A way in the short and long period. Through empirical research, it shows that there are different effects in the efficiency of different M&A ways. The same way of M&A, due to the enterprises in different status in M&A, efficiency effect will be also different. Through the analysis of efficiency changes, Come to conclusion that for the asset acquisition and absorb and merge by the acquirers should be prevented from being too large, resulting in a decrease in scale efficiency; Debt restructuring can reduce the debt burden, and quickly improve the efficiency. It is difficult to improve the efficiency for acquires, if asset divestiture, asset replacement, equity transfer is related or not great events, enterprises should try to choose the external M&A objects. The conclusion of the research has an important guiding role in today economic background of the adjusting economy structure and de-stocking in china.