bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
They Call You the Parisian: On Thera by Zeruya Shalev
Authors: Ben-Dov Nitza
Published: December 2014

Zeruya Shalev writes on marital crises through the prism of Jewish legends and Greek myths on catastrophic themes. The destruction of the Second Temple, the rift between the biblical Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judea, and an ancient earthquake that decimates an entire civilization serve as analogies to events in the personal lives of her characters. The article examines Shalev’s novel Thera , whose protagonists are archeologists married to one another, and Wilhelm Jensen’s Gardiva: A Pompeiian Fancy (1903)—whose protagonist is also an archeologist, who received a fascinating treatment in Sigmund Freud’s Delusion and Dream in Wilhelm Jensen’s Gardiva (1907). Both Shalev’s Thera and Jensen’s Gardiva use an ancient artwork related to a cataclysmic natural disaster to stimulate the male protagonist’s falling in love with a woman. The scientific archeological investigation serves as an excuse, camouflage, and metaphor for real life taking place in the present.
Style Switching in the Jacob and Laban Narratives
Authors: Bompiani Brian
Published: December 2014

This article argues that the biblical writers stylistically represented the regional speech of Aramean characters in the Jacob and Laban cycle of narratives in the book of Genesis (Genesis 24, 29, 30–31). Although there is an obvious example of style switching in Gen 31:47, recent research suggests that there are many other, though more subtle, examples of this technique embedded in these narratives. Until now, the research on the subject has been limited in scope, and it has tended to focus primarily on identifying style-switching forms. The present study goes beyond this by bringing to light the literary techniques that the biblical writers used in their stylistic representations of foreign speech.
Noun Patterns and Their Vitality in Modern Hebrew
Authors: Shatil Nimrod
Published: December 2014

While the number of discontinuous verb morphemes in Modern Hebrew has been determined relatively well (5–7 binyanim ), that of their counterparts, discontinuous noun morphemes ( mishkalim ), ranges in different counts from 100 up to nearly 400. The lower numbers are morphemic while the higher ones include some realizations, many of which do not have discrete functions and therefore cannot be considered discrete morphemes. Besides, cognitive vitality of bulkier systems is limited. Three reductions need to be performed in order to arrive at the real structural and cognitive system of contemporary Hebrew: (a) allomorphic reduction: for example, [ma-o-] ( malon ) is an allomorph of the morpheme / mi- - a -/ for a certain class of roots; (b) suppletion reduction: for example, the mishkalim / - a- o- / ( gadol ) and / - a - u - / ( pašut ) constitute one unit (morpheme), since no root interdigits with both, and since they have one function, that is, forming adjectives; (c) nonproduction reduction: cognitively, only productive mishkalim , whose proved number is around 30, are part of the inner system of the speakers. All others, like / ta - - e -/ ( tašbec ), are to be considered as mere inherited loans from former layers. The whole system can be depicted as a core of about 30 real morphemes, with all other related forms organized in concentric circles around them.
Wandering around the Library: On the Joint Book of Poet Harold Schimmel and Photographer Avigail Schimmel
Authors: Bram Shahar
Published: December 2014

This essay examines a book that offers a reading experience based on changing relations between different kinds of representation coexisting within the whole. Illustrating this alternative mode of reading, I analyze the characteristics of such an inter-medial publication placing it within a literary tradition established by English photography pioneer Henry Fox Talbot in The Pencil of Nature . The essay will discuss not only the poetics of the poet Harold Schimmel alongside that of his daughter, the photographer Avigail Schimmel, but also the ways in which their joint work gives rise to a broader concept of an ideal library.
A Compound Etymology for Biblical Hebrew זוּלָתִי ‘Except’
Authors: Huehnergard John , Wilson-Wright Aren
Published: December 2014

This paper suggests an alternative derivation for the Biblical Hebrew preposition זוּלָתִי ‘except’. It does not derive from an alleged verbal root ZWL, but is rather to be compared with Akkadian ša lā and Aramaic dī lā with the same meaning and thus originates from the fusing of three elements: the West Semitic relative particle * d ū , the Semitic negative particle *lā , and the pronominal morpheme * - tī . This derivation has better comparative Semitic support than the traditional derivation; it also accounts for a large number of instances of the problematic hireq compaginis .
Relative Clauses in Hebrew Translation of Maimonides’ Treatise on Asthma
Authors: Shakour Adel
Published: December 2014

The article examines the influence of Classical Arabic on the syntax of relative clauses in Shemuel Benvenishti’s Hebrew translation of Maimonides’ medical tractate. On the basis of contrastive analysis and translation theories, the article also analyzes the guiding principles of the translation in question in order to shed light on the translator’s approach and his reasons for rendering relative clauses one way or another.
From Honolulu to Tel Aviv Via Mt. Gilboa: The Rise and Fall of Shlonsky’s Messianic Halutz
Authors: Rechnitzer Haim O.
Published: December 2014

This paper focuses on the theo-political aspects of Avraham Shlonsky’s volume of poetry Within the Wheel (1927). Shlonsky’s poetry is steeped in theology and enriched by the Jewish traditional canon, particularly the Hasidic one. Shlonsky crafts an intricate and critical dialogue with God and with the Jewish mysticalmessianic tradition. However, close attention to the poems’ allusions exposes Shlonsky’s forceful critique of the Zionist halutz (pioneer) ethos. Its radicalism lies within the subversive interpretation of the Hasidic mystical traditions, offering a vital and painful dialogue with God as well as a harsh criticism of the Zionist concept of redemption. Beyond reconstructing the theo-political elements of early Shlonsky poetry, this research deepens our understanding of the theological undercurrents of “secular Zionist culture” and demonstrates the contribution of the corpus of Jewish thought to his encounter with this culture.
The Non-Chosen Body: Poetics and Politics in Alona Kimhi’s Lily La Tigresse
Authors: Cohen Zafrira Lidovsky
Published: December 2014

Beginning with the female grotesque body in its midst, this study examines the bodies of key fictional characters from the center and margins of contemporary Israeli society that Alona Kimhi constructs in her novel Lily La Tigresse and considers their political implications. It asserts that the image of a well-built and almighty Jewish male body that the Zionist revolutionaries of the early twentieth century dreamt of remains, in Kimhi’s view, a beau ideal in present-day Israel. However, the idealization of a healthy Jewish male body has given rise not to a healthy Jewish nation that the Zionist forefathers desired, but to a self-appointed sociocultural elite that seeks to sustain its position on the top by violently excluding all others who are pushed to the margins and left to invent their own identities.
“Pointing to the Accents in the Scroll”: Functional Development of the Masoretic Accents in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Park Sung Jin
Published: December 2014

It is widely recognized that the accents developed by the Masoretes have three functions: they mark (1) stress, (2) musical notations, and (3) punctuation. However, the order in which these functions developed remains contestable. The present study demonstrates that indication of stressed syllables was a secondary rather than primary function that became dominant at a relatively late stage. It is most likely that the punctuational function of the accents for recitation gave rise to other relational divisions of a unit. Then the accents came to be used for cantillation in addition to punctuation, although this never fully developed into a system of musical notation. The masoretic accents that we know are thus reflective of an unfinished transition to such notation, intended for singing, from punctuation designed for recitation.
Hebrew Plene Spelling in Israeli Books: Does It Follow the Rules?
Authors: Cohen-Gross Dalia , Ilani Noga
Published: December 2014

Based on our review of thirty-eight Hebrew books published by four Israeli companies in 1984–2004 as well as on interviews with editors working for these companies and perusal of the newspaper Maariv , the article demonstrates that the efforts of the Academy of Hebrew Language to impose uniform spelling of unvocalized Modern Hebrew have been only partially successful. When it comes to the decision to spell or omit the characters י and ו, both as consonants and matres lectionis , orthographic practice reflects the rules promulgated by the Academy only to a limited degree, with personal taste, judgment, and specific instructions of the chief editor playing the more important role. These findings have significant implications for the ongoing efforts to simplify and standardize orthography in Hebrew as well as in other modern languages.
Moshe Ibn Ezra and His Ars Poetica: Imitation and Innovation According to Kitab al-Muhadara val-Mudhakara
Authors: Dana Joseph
Published: December 2014

Examining a major theoretical treatise written by one of the greatest Hebrew authors of medieval Spain, the article analyzes his views on poetry writing, especially on the issues of literary convention versus originality and borrowing versus plagiarism.
Notes on Sociolinguistic Terminology in Modern Hebrew: Morpho-Syntactic and Lexical Devices for the Creation of a Technolect
Authors: Colasuonno Maria Maddalena
Published: December 2014

This survey of the Modern Hebrew sociolinguistic technolect is methodologically based on the studies on the formation of the technolects of multilingualism and contact languages in Italian, recently conducted at the University of Udine and inspired by U. Weinreich and R. Gusmani. Applying the results and methods of the research on nominal formations in Modern Hebrew daily language, carried out by H. B. Rosén, G. Goldenberg, R. Nir, L. Edzard, and O. Rodrigue-Schwarzwald, to the Modern Hebrew metalinguistic terminology, the article examines the most productive morpho-syntactic processes—linear derivation and nominal composition—and the widest spread lexical means used in Modern Hebrew to coin the sociolinguistic technolect. The lexical innovation is examined through the techniques employed by a sample of Israeli linguists to bring sociolinguistic foreignisms into their texts. The threefold purpose of the study is to investigate (1) Semitic versus non-Semitic morpho-syntactic and lexical devices used for coining Modern Hebrew sociolinguistic neologisms; (2) similarities and differences between sociolinguistic sociolects in Standard Average European and Modern Hebrew; (3) the level of elaboration attained by Modern Hebrew on the basis of the sociolinguistic technolect.
Contacts and Discontinuities: Changing Aspects in Shimon Adaf’s Work
Authors: Lemberger Dorit
Published: December 2014

The writings of Shimon Adaf construct a hybrid, multicultural quasi-dialect that is unusual in Israeli literature in general and in the genre known as “Oriental Jewish literature” in particular. While Israeli Hebrew is hybrid by its very nature, there is a difference between hybridity deriving from instinctive use of the spoken language and that arising from an intentional, self-aware act designed to flout literary, and especially sociopolitical, conventions. In this article I shall demonstrate how Adaf’s use of imagery leads to unique, fresh literary and political positions. All Adaf’s protagonists are of Moroccan origin, from a small town on the periphery; they observe Israeli reality “from the outside.” They do not represent the “Oriental” voice that prevails in both fiction and scholarly writing by Jewish authors of non-European origin who delve into issues of discrimination, disenfranchisement, and other socioeconomic tensions. Adaf’s characters “cut loose” from acute current problems and via hybridity re-connect to bygone times. These characters raise universal, existential questions that do not stem from their belonging to a specific time and place, for example, those of relations obtaining between language and reality and of the possibility to change the latter by means of poetic language. Such problems are evoked by quotations from various literatures (Greek, English, German) and by the use of different strands of Hebrew: biblical, rabbinic, and Israeli. By employing metaphoric language, Adaf examines how the cultural norms in which language is steeped dictate modes of behavior and how we can influence the reformulation of these norms by the use of that very language.
Twilight of the Gods: Hidden Polemics in Joshua 10:12–14
Authors: Michael Matthew
Published: December 2014

This study examines the unusual representations of the sun and the moon at the end of the conquest narratives in Joshua (10:12–14), interpreting the inactivity of the luminaries as an indication of Yhwh’s defeat of Canaanite religion through symbolic domination over two most conspicuous representations of local deities. Contrary to the assumptions of both traditional and modern scholarship, the sun and the moon are not stopped just to elongate the day and thus provide Joshua with sunlight to complete the rout of the Canaanites. Rather, the article contends that in this pericope the Deuteronomist subtly represents Yhwh as the conqueror of both the physical and cultic spaces of Canaan. In a polemical fashion, Yhwh is shown arresting the two celestial bodies and turning them against their worshippers. By way of an important ideological climax to the conquest narratives in Joshua, Canaanite cults head into the sunset.
A Moment of Rebirth: Nathan Alterman’s Poetry for Children
Authors: Shikhmanter Rima
Published: December 2014

The article discusses the reasons behind recent publications of Nathan Alterman’s poetry for children. Reviewing the main periods of his work in the area and placing this work in the context of Modern Hebrew children’s literature of the time and its development, I argue that with a few exceptions Alterman’s oeuvre had not been previously recognized as a part of this literature’s canon. The recent reawakening of interest toward his children’s poetry is consequently best explained by Alterman’s status as a cultural and political icon, defined mainly by his writings for adults.
Modern Butterfly: American Perceptions of Japanese Women and their Role in International Relations, 1945–1960
Authors: Mettler Meghan Warner
Published: December 2014

This article explores white Americans’ understanding of women’s rights in Japan during the U.S. post-WWII occupation (1945–1961). In contrast to many Hollywood films of the time that held up submissive Japanese women as models for their more assertive American counterparts, some U.S. women instead insisted it was Japanese women who had much to learn from them in terms of feminism. However, to do so meant looking past their own gender constraints while ignoring a rather active and robust Japanese feminist movement. As such, American women echoed imperialist assumptions that a woman’s position was inevitably worse under a backward Asian nation than in an inherently progressive Western nation. This article contributes to discussions of the role gender plays in foreign policy, as well as how efforts at feminist solidarity across international borders can be hindered by power discrepancies in terms of race and nationality.
Beauty, Soft Power, and the Politics of Womanhood During the U.S. Occupation of Japan, 1945–1952
Authors: McAndrew Malia
Published: December 2014

This article examines the promotion of American ideals of womanhood and beauty by the military forces that occupied Japan following World War II. It analyzes an array of U.S. Occupation records, including prominent postwar Japanese women’s magazines and the American propaganda and censorship records that pertain to these periodicals. While foreign military occupations are not frequently associated with dispensing fashion advice or sponsoring beauty contests, this essay will explore why the United States deemed such measures essential. As this article shows, the victors conceived of their gendered interventions as a means for developing America’s vision of democracy and containing the spread of communism abroad. In addition, their labors functioned as a way to showcase the positive effect they believed their presence was having on the women of Japan.
Maternalism and the Mayor: Dottie Do-Good’s War on Sin in Postwar Portland
Authors: Koenig Sarah
Published: December 2014

Dorothy McCullough Lee, the first female mayor of Portland, Oregon, was elected to office in the midst of a post-World War II crime panic. Her career illuminates a key ideological shift that would later ground the rise of New Right women’s politics. During the Progressive Era, women activists had advocated for social maternalism, which asserted that the state must care for its most vulnerable citizens materially as well as morally. In the postwar era, republican women would increasingly shift toward a new moral maternalism. Moral maternalism abandoned social welfare issues and focused instead on protecting America’s most vulnerable citizens—women and children—from unsavory moral influences like communism and sexual immorality.
Ungodly Grandmother: Marian Sherman and the Social Dimensions of Atheism in Postwar Canada
Authors: Block Tina
Published: December 2014

This article explores the activism of Marian Sherman, a churchwoman-turned-atheist in postwar Victoria, British Columbia. Between 1946 and her death in 1975, Sherman promoted atheism and humanism throughout her community, province, and nation. Her secularist journey offers a useful lens on broader changes and continuities in Canada’s postwar religious culture. Broader currents of secularization, including the spread of critical discourse on religion and the rise of secular humanism, contributed to Sherman’s growing prominence as an atheist spokesperson during the 1960s. Responses to Sherman indicate, however, that most atheists continued to feel silenced in this era. Sherman’s outspoken atheism was made possible, in part, by her specific social location, particularly her class, gender, age, and place. This article adds further texture to the picture of religious change in postwar Canada, and demonstrates the significance of women to the making of British Columbian culture in the twentieth century.
“A Splendid Object Lesson”: A Transnational Perspective on the Birth of the Australian Nation
Authors: Wright Clare
Published: December 2014

In June 1902 the passage of the Commonwealth Franchise Act through the Commonwealth Parliament meant that Australia’s white women became the first in the world to win both the right to vote and to sit in parliament. Drawing on original empirical research, this article demonstrates that at the turn of the twentieth century, Australia was internationally recognized as a world leader in democratic practice. This little known claim to geo-political fame holds significance for both transnational histories of women’s suffrage and for Australian narratives of nationhood, neither of which tend to identify Australian women as critical to the history of modern democracy. Further, re-investigating the origins of women’s suffrage helps recall the potency of radical idealism in an era that now privileges militarism—in Australia, embodied most clearly in the ANZAC legend—over maternalism as the primary source of nation building.
Aboriginal Women in Australia’s Traveling Shows, 1930s–1950s: Shadows and Suggestions
Authors: Hunter Kathryn
Published: December 2014

Only a small amount of evidence survives about the performances of Aboriginal women in “leg shows,” or strip-tease shows, in the first half of the twentieth century. These women are doubly invisible in the historical record because of their indigeneity and as performers in traveling (and hence transitory and ephemeral) sideshows. The performances of Aboriginal women, however, add to current debates and interrogations of the connections between mobility and modernity for Indigenous women. This article argues that Aboriginal women’s performances in leg shows, while complicated by disguise and theatricality, as well as by a colonial history of sexual exploitation, must be considered as engagements with modernity.
High school linguistics: A secondary school elective course
Authors: Loosen Suzanne
Published: December 2014

This article details a high school English teacher’s experiences teaching a semester-long elective course on linguistics to tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grade students in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Students explore units covering an introduction to linguistics, phonetics, morphology, language acquisition, sociolinguistics, and the history of English. The article reviews related primary and secondary school projects that have been done in the United States and abroad, the curriculum of this specific survey course, successes and challenges encountered while teaching, and recommended resources relevant to secondary school students and their teachers.
Jasmine and the Bee: Spelling word-initial [t h ] in English
Authors: McMenamin Gerald R. , Kerr Lindsay N.
Published: December 2014

Jasmine was an American seventh grader whose first language (L1) is Punjabi and second language (L2) is English. A good speller, she tied for first place at her regional spelling bee. She maintains that she then correctly spelled the tie-breaking word: tomography . After requesting an instant video replay of her word, the judges declared Jasmine’s spelling incorrect: . We examine three questions: Is Jasmine’s presumed-high word-recognition ability consistent with such an error? Did her L1 interfere with her L2 pronunciation? Did an L1-influenced pronunciation cause the judges to perceive her word-initial /t/ as [d]? After inquiring of Jasmine about the spelling event itself, we examined the considerable research on Indian English, spelling, speech production, and speech perception; we also audio-recorded Jasmine’s spoken language at various style levels to assess the degree to which Punjabi may be influencing her English pronunciation. The first question remains without a confirmed answer, though our assumption is that it is ‘no’. Work on Indian English indicates a probable ‘yes’ to the latter two questions. Spectrographic analysis of Jasmine’s word-initial English [t h ]-sounds demonstrates the shorter voice onset times associated with the nonaspirated /t/-sounds of Punjabi and Indian English. It is probable that Jasmine pronounced the ‘t’ [t h ] of tomography with little or no aspiration, and that the judges heard the near-unaspirated [t] as a [d]. Jasmine’s experience demonstrates that the Scripps National Spelling Bee’s sole reliance on dictionary pronunciations of Standard American English might well be adjusted to accommodate contestants who speak a nonstandard, or a standard but non-American, variety of English.
A tactile IPA magnet-board system: A tool for blind and visually impaired students in phonetics and phonology classrooms
Authors: Lillehaugen Brook Danielle , Moats Gabriela Echavarría , Gillen Daniel , Peters Elizabeth , Schwartz Rebecca
Published: December 2014

This article describes a tool that can be used by blind and visually impaired students in phonetics and phonology classrooms: a tactile International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) magnet-board system. This tool consists of IPA magnets and phonological rule symbols that are printed and embossed, so as to be readable by both sighted and visually impaired individuals. A user of the tool can lay out phonetic and phonological data on the magnet board for communicative, organizational, or problem-solving purposes. Since the magnet board can be read both visually and tactually, it can serve as a collaborative space that can be used by both sighted and visually impaired members of the classroom. Potential uses include group work in class and as an augmentation to chalkboard problem-solving demonstrations. The tool can complement already extant options for blind and visually impaired students and facilitate collaboration between sighted and visually impaired students. Here, we describe the tool, exemplify some potential uses, and offer suggestions for further improvement.
Language management in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Spolsky Bernard
Published: December 2014

Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, language management has been a central activity of the party and government, interrupted during the years of the Cultural Revolution. It has focused on the spread of Putonghua as a national language, the simplification of the script, and the auxiliary use of Pinyin. Associated has been a policy of modernization and terminological development. There have been studies of bilingualism and topolects (regional varieties like Cantonese and Hokkien) and some recognition and varied implementation of the needs of non-Han minority languages and dialects, including script development and modernization. Asserting the status of Chinese in a globalizing world, a major campaign of language diffusion has led to the establishment of Confucius Institutes all over the world. Within China, there have been significant efforts in foreign language education, at first stressing Russian but now covering a wide range of languages, though with a growing emphasis on English. Despite the size of the country, the complexity of its language situations, and the tension between competing goals, there has been progress with these language-management tasks. At the same time, nonlinguistic forces have shown even more substantial results. Computers are adding to the challenge of maintaining even the simplified character writing system. As even more striking evidence of the effect of politics and demography on language policy, the enormous internal rural-to-urban rate of migration promises to have more influence on weakening regional and minority varieties than campaigns to spread Putonghua. Overall, linguists and a strongly developed cadre of sociolinguists have played a useful role, but the driving force has been the Communist leadership.
How to investigate linguistic diversity: Lessons from the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Davis Henry , Gillon Carrie , Matthewson Lisa
Published: December 2014

On the basis of five case studies from languages of the American Pacific Northwest, we argue that, at least in the areas of syntax and semantics, a scientific approach to the study of linguistic diversity must be empirically grounded in theoretically informed, hypothesis-driven fieldwork on individual languages. This runs counter to recent high-profile claims that large-scale typology based on the sampling of descriptive grammars yields superior results. We show that only a hypothesis-driven approach makes falsifiable predictions, and only a methodology that yields negative as well as positive evidence can effectively test those predictions. Targeted elicitation is particularly important for languages with a small number of speakers, where statistical analysis of large-scale corpora is impossible. Given that a large proportion of the world’s linguistic diversity is found in such languages, we conclude that formal, hypothesis-driven fieldwork constitutes the best way rapidly and efficiently to document the world’s remaining syntactic and semantic diversity.
On the disunity of right-node raising phenomena: Extraposition, ellipsis, and deletion
Authors: Chaves Rui P.
Published: December 2014

The empirical facts about right-node raising (RNR) lead to fundamentally conflicting analytical conclusions. There is strong evidence that RNR does not obey syntactic constraints of any kind, which in turn suggests that RNR is not a syntactic operation, but there is also evidence that strongly favors a syntactic analysis. The idiosyncratic and almost paradoxical nature of the phenomena indicates that no simple unified analysis of RNR can be formulated. In order to resolve this empirical and theoretical impasse, I propose that what is usually called RNR is best seen as the conflation of three completely unrelated kinds of phenomena: VP/N′- ellipsis , extraposition , and ( backward ) periphery deletion . Although they are fundamentally different, these phenomena can yield structures that are superficially similar and, in some cases, apply to the same strings. The latter is one of the major factors that has misled previous accounts. Once this three-way confound between ellipsis, extraposition, and deletion is taken into account, the contradictory idiosyncrasies about RNR vanish, and a wide range of cases are obtained as predictions of independently motivated accounts of VP/N′-ellipsis and ATB extraposition phenomena. This article offers an explicit formalization of the phenomena under discussion in sign-based construction grammar (), a framework that combines insights from head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG; ) and Berkeley construction grammar ().
Two types of deverbal nominalization in Northern Paiute
Authors: Toosarvandani Maziar
Published: December 2014

Why do nominalizations mean what they do? I investigate two deverbal nominalizers in Northern Paiute (Uto-Aztecan, Numic: Western United States), - na and - dɨ , which create nominalizations that describe either an event (like the poss - ing gerund in English) or an individual (like agent nominalizations with - er ). I propose a syntax and semantics for these deverbal nominalizations that account for their interpretive variability. On the syntax side, I argue that - na and - dɨ overtly realize the nominal functional head that canonically assigns case to possessors when this head takes a vP complement. On the semantics side, I propose that Northern Paiute has operators that abstract over a variable inside nominalizations. This accounts for the meanings that deverbal nominalizations in Northern Paiute have, and it highlights their relationship to nominalization patterns in other languages.*
Asymmetries in the prosodic phrasing of function words: Another look at the suffixing preference
Authors: Himmelmann Nikolaus P.
Published: December 2014

It is a well-known fact that across the world’s languages there is a fairly strong asymmetry in the affixation of grammatical material, in that suffixes considerably outnumber prefixes in typological databases. This article argues that prosody, specifically prosodic phrasing, plays an important part in bringing about this asymmetry. Prosodic word and phrase boundaries may occur after a clitic function word preceding its lexical host with sufficient frequency so as to impede the fusion required for affixhood. Conversely, prosodic boundaries rarely, if ever, occur between a lexical host and a clitic function word following it. Hence, prosody does not impede the fusion process between lexical hosts and postposed function words, which therefore become affixes more easily. Evidence for the asymmetry in prosodic phrasing is provided from two sources: disfluencies, and ditropic cliticization, that is, the fact that grammatical proclitics may be phonological enclitics (i.e. phrased with a preceding host), but grammatical enclitics are never phonological proclitics. Earlier explanations for the suffixing preference have neglected prosody almost completely and thus also missed the related asymmetry in ditropic cliticization. More importantly, the evidence from prosodic phrasing suggests a new venue for explaining the suffixing preference. The asymmetry in prosodic phrasing, which, according to the hypothesis proposed here, is a major factor underlying the suffixing preference, has a natural basis in the mechanics of turn-taking as well as in the mechanics of speech production.*
The semantics of sluicing: Beyond truth conditions
Authors: AnderBois Scott
Published: December 2014

Since Merchant 2001, it has been widely agreed that the licensing condition on sluicing is at least partially semantic in nature. This article argues that the semantics this condition operates on must include not only truth conditions, but also the issues introduced by existential quantification and disjunction. In the account presented here, the special role these elements play in antecedents for sluicing derives from the deep semantic connections between these elements and questions. In addition to accounting for well-known facts about sluicing in a natural way, this article also analyzes novel facts such as the interaction of sluicing with appositives and double negation, and handles recalcitrant cases such as disjunctive antecedents. The account can readily be extended to so-called ‘sprouting’ cases where the crucial material in the antecedent is an implicit argument or is missing altogether.
Chosen Literatures: Core Languages, Peripheral Languages, and the World Literary System
Authors: Braz Albert
Published: December 2014

Through an examination of the international fate of João Guimarães Rosa’s Grande Sertão: Veredas , this essay contends that those texts that are able to enter world literature in the language in which they are originally written have a critical advantage over those that can do so only through translation.
At the Boundary of the Mighty World: Charles Olson and Hesiod
Authors: Grieve-Carlson Gary
Published: December 2014

Despite his well-known dismissal of the classical Greek tradition, Charles Olson alludes to Hesiod surprisingly often in his poetry and prose. This essay asks why Olson found Hesiod useful and suggests that earlier critics have misread the nature of Olson’s relationship to Hesiod.
(Not) Lost in the Margins: Gender and Identity in Graphic Texts
Authors: Allison Marjorie C.
Published: December 2014

Female graphic writers have been under-represented in scholarship about the emerging field. This essay argues that Marjane Satrapi, Alison Bechdel, and Rutu Modan use the genre to push in from the (literal and metaphorical) margins to challenge literary, sexual, and nationalist norms through both their storylines and their illustrations.
“Just Say No”: Eden Robinson and Gabor Maté on Moral Luck and Addiction
Authors: Reed Sabrina
Published: December 2014

Dr. Gabor Maté’s In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts and Eden Robinson’s short story “Contact Sports” and subsequent novel Blood Sports can be read as critiques of the War on Drugs and its slogan, Just Say No. This essay examines how Maté’s and Robinson’s discussions of addiction and drug culture in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside reflect Bernard Williams’s and Thomas Nagel’s conception of moral luck.
Migrating Modes: Multimodality in E-Poetics as Another Kind of Language
Authors: Shackelford Laura
Published: December 2014

In Birds Singing Other Birds’ Songs and Another Kind of Language , María Mencía’s poetics of transposition diagnoses the technological, medial, and poetic processes catalyzing multimodal signifying practices in digital writing and comparatively registers the impact of digital interface relations, as transformative material sites, on language and intersemiotic and intersubjective meaning.
Historias de política ficción de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán o la indagación de un trauma español
Authors: Song H. Rosi
Published: December 2014

El escritor Manuel Vázquez Montalbán publica en 1987 tres relatos breves alrededor del evento conocido como el 23-F. Este trabajo analiza cómo estas tres historias tempranas sirven para indagar el trauma de la Guerra Civil Española y el debate sobre su memoria desde la premisa de un misterio o crimen necesitado de resolución que a su vez mimetiza la dinámica de la experiencia traumática. Esta memoria y su referente histórico funcionan como contrapunto a la narrativa triunfal en torno a la resolución del intento de golpe de estado, la cual se ha utilizado como prueba concluyente de la superación del pasado autoritario español.
Mil y una muertes de Sergio Ramírez y los fantasmas de la construcción nacional nicaragüense
Authors: Ribas-Casasayas Alberto
Published: December 2014

Este artículo analiza la novela Mil y una muertes del nicaragüense Sergio Ramírez con un énfasis en los temas de lo fantasmal, fotografía e identidad nacional. Partiendo de un cuestionamiento de la “internacionalización” de la temática novelística de Ramírez, este artículo describe cómo el personaje principal de la novela, el fotógrafo Castellón, evoca fracasos personales y estéticos que por otra parte alumbran condiciones de infraciudadanía de cuerpos sujetos a la merced del estado y situados al borde de la catástrofe. Al mismo tiempo, la frustración vital de Castellón es eco de una frustración simbólica más amplia, la de Nicaragua como proyecto nacional basado en las aspiraciones del canal interoceánico y la inversión extranjera. El fracaso artístico de Castellón es un correlato del fracaso moral de una generación previa de políticos inconscientes de las contradicciones de cualquier proyecto de estado-nación moderno o de articulación nacional asentado sobre las bases de la exclusión.
El peligro del ludita: Vagancia, humanismo y técnica en la ensayística de Guillermo Fadanelli
Authors: Gutiérrez-Negrãn Sergio
Published: December 2014

Este artículo ofrece un análisis del concepto de “vagancia” en la ensayística del escritor mexicano Guillermo Fadanelli. En sus libros de ensayos, el escritor mexicano elabora el vagar, en tanto errar ( vagāri ) y desocupación ( vacāre ), como un medio de conocimiento y una forma de vida capaz de escaparse del peligro de la técnica que, según el autor, amenaza al México contemporáneo. Esta amenaza, que Fadanelli localiza en el corazón del neoliberalismo, insiste en ecumenizar el pensamiento económico, mercantilizar la moral, cosificar la persona, y reducir el conocimiento a información. A través de sus libros, Fadanelli articula la vagancia como un pensamiento anárquico lanzado contra el pensamiento técnico, ya sea profesional, informativo, o pedagógico. El siguiente análisis rastrea el desarrollo y las contradicciones del concepto alrededor de tres de sus preocupaciones principales—la crisis del humanismo, el valor del arte en la época contemporánea y la tecnificación del pensamiento.
Hacia un afuera: Tres poéticas contra la sutura (Ullán, Piera, García Valdés)
Authors: Canteli Marcos
Published: December 2014

Este trabajo considera tres escrituras de visibilidad borrosa en los panoramas habituales de la poesía española contemporánea (José-Miguel Ullán, Carlos Piera y Olvido García Valdés) cuyos inicios coinciden con dos momentos históricos decisivos en la historia española contemporánea: la transición y el comienzo de la democracia. Serían obras especialmente significativas para pensar el período pues, estableciendo un correlato entre política y poética, su mera consideración altera sustancialmente los panoramas remitiendo a un afuera (Foucault) del “pacto de olvido” y de la desactivación de las poéticas conflictivas. Son escrituras que han ocupado posiciones en éxodo de lo hegemónico, todas ellas agrupables desde su vocación resistente y su reflejo de un desencanto de las formas intercalado en los pliegues de la normalización social, lo cual explicará, parcialmente, que hayan sido percibidas como ilegibles por parte de la crítica. Atender a estas poéticas implicaría, entonces, desvelar lo obliterado por el canon y la historia de la literatura para recuperar un linaje que piensa la vanguardia como tradición irrenunciable, ofreciendo, a su vez, un pensamiento de lo poético como espacio de tensión y exploración de lo abierto, como resistencia a la sutura de la memoria, la mirada y el lenguaje.
“Tiempo Loco”: Queer Temporality in Emilia Pardo Bazán’s La Tribuna
Authors: Chang Julia H.
Published: December 2014

Este ensayo analiza la función de la temporalidad en relación con el género y el deseo sexual en la obra La Tribuna (1883) de Emilia Pardo Bazán. Identificando a la joven protagonista con la emergente república, La Tribuna establece una clara alegoría de la nación que evoca su nombre coloquial “la niña bonita.” Así, a primera vista, la novela parece establecer una ideología heteronormativa de la mujer-nación—orientada hacia un futuro simbolizado por la pubertad y la reproducción biológica. Sin embargo, en un capítulo titulado “El Carnaval de las cigarreras”, una celebración colectiva del travestismo provoca un deseo aberrante por parte del futuro amante burgués. Partiendo de una perspectiva queer , se arguye aquí que este performance suspende las normas del género y acaba transformando el sujeto masculino de la república, transformación que interrumpe la trayectoria del tiempo hetero-nacional.
Cabeza de Vaca, Mala Cosa y las vicisitudes de la extrañeza: Para Maureen Ahern (1936-2012), In Memoriam .
Authors: Jáuregui Carlos A.
Published: December 2014

En su Relación (1542, 1555), Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca relata que los indios avavares y mariames le contaron “una cosa muy extraña”: la historia de un brujo pequeño, barbado, misterioso, extranjero y travesti que espantaba a los indios y los sometía a intervenciones médico-mágicas. Este relato constituye—allende su clasificación como ficticio, mítico o etnográfico—una historia de terror sobre la conquista a partir de la cual podemos desleer la Relación . Pese a la diferenciación entre Mala Cosa y Cabeza de Vaca que gran parte de la crítica asume, y que la propia Relación propone, Mala Cosa no es el Otro (brujo, trampista y maléfico) del humanitario “buen conquistador” cristiano, sino la terrorífica figura que devela su extrañeza y encubierta violencia colonial. El relato indígena inicialmente parece emplazar al conquistador y conjurar su malignidad, invitando al forastero temible a hacerse curandero. Por otra parte—dadas las coincidencias recurrentes entre el relato de Mala Cosa y las subsiguientes performances de Cabeza de Vaca y sus compañeros—esta narración parece haber proveído a los cristianos signos y modelos de comportamiento que éstos habrían aplicado repetidamente en sus procedimientos médicos y en sus despliegues de intimidación mágica de los indígenas.
Homebound Workers and the Destabilization of Bourgeois Domestic Space in Benito Pérez Galdós’s Tormento (1884) and Emilia Pardo Bazán’s “Casi artista” and “El mundo” (1908)
Authors: López Mar Soria
Published: December 2014

En el imaginario burgués de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, el hogar se construye como el espacio femenino por antonomasia en donde la mujer decente permanece protegida de los cambios económicos y sociales acontecidos en la esfera pública. Debido a tal división espacial, numerosas obras literarias de la época enfatizan la idea de la mujer de clase media confinada e infeliz en el espacio doméstico. Este ensayo demuestra cómo la novela , de Benito Pérez Galdós, y los cuentos de Emilia Pardo Bazán “El mundo” y “Casi artista” (1908) ofrecen una alternativa a esta percepción burguesa del hogar y de la mujer, mediante la representación de criadas, amas de llaves y modistas, cuyos trabajos se desempeñan principalmente dentro del espacio doméstico. La configuración del hogar como lugar de trabajo remunerado en los textos de Pérez Galdós y Pardo Bazán desmonta las ideologías tradicionales que ignoran la permeabilidad del espacio doméstico al capitalismo, a las estructuras de poder y a las construcciones no hegemónicas de espacio e identidad sexual.
El “nuevo paradigma” de los estudios coloniales latinoamericanos: Un cuarto de siglo después
Authors: Díaz Mónica
Published: December 2014

El presente artículo se centra en las consideraciones teóricas y metodológicas que se derivaron del llamado nuevo paradigma de los estudios coloniales latinoamericanos propuesto en los últimos años de la década de 1980. Como parte de los esfuerzos por cuestionar perspectivas eurocéntricas, se generalizó el uso del concepto de discurso colonial en oposición al de literatura, para de esta manera desestabilizar el campo y volverlo más inclusivo. Al mismo tiempo, muchos de los académicos involucrados con este cambio se alinearon con la agenda de investigación del grupo de estudios subalternos y con muchas de las innovaciones teóricas de los estudios postcoloniales. El presente artículo elabora en las reflexiones de Walter Mignolo sobre el “locus de enunciación” y reflexiona sobre la “violencia epistémica” de la cual seguimos siendo parte en la academia aún mientras tratamos de descolonizar el campo de estudios. En la última sección se utilizan ejemplos tomados de la investigación que he llevado a cabo sobre los conventos de mujeres indígenas en el México colonial, con un enfoque en las dificultades de “escuchar” sus voces y reproducirlas. Se intenta ilustrar la validez de las propuestas metodológicas propuestas a partir de los años 1980, y al mismo tiempo reflexionar sobre las fallas y posibilidades que el “nuevo paradigma” y el uso de la teoría postcolonial ha traído al campo de los estudios coloniales latinoamericanos.
Monsieur Pain o la crítica de la razón instrumental
Authors: Franco Sergio R.
Published: December 2014

El presente artículo examina Monsieur Pain (1999), novela de Roberto Bolaño que toma como eje dramático la agonía y muerte del poeta César Vallejo. Para esclarecer este texto que la crítica especializada ha considerado particularmente hermético y elusivo, el estudio acude a la noción de “razón instrumental”, propuesta por el filósofo Max Horkheimer, a fin de leer el relato de Bolaño como una crítica a la hegemonía de esta racionalidad y sus aplicaciones (métodos de investigación, desarrollo tecnológico, pérdida de proyecto integrador, degradación del individuo). A la vez, se sitúa Monsieur Pain no sólo en los territorios del policial metafísico, el relato gótico o la narración surrealista, sino que se busca emplazarlo en la encrucijada histórica diseñada por la colisión entre la línea estética y cultural precursora de la poética de autor (la vanguardia y la neovanguardia), los impulsos anti-holísticos del capitalismo, la ambivalencia del desarrollo tecnológico y la reivindicación de prácticas y saberes premodernos, como la poesía misma.
Designing a Regional Trail Network of High Conservation Value Using Principles of Green Infrastructure
Authors: Courtenay Carroll I. , Lookingbill Todd R.
Published: December 2014

La planificación de conservación ambiental y recreación comparten potencialmente abundantes objetivos comunes, incluyendo el deseo de aumentar la conectividad paisajística. Sin embargo, típicamente las redes de senderos se desarrollan independientemente de los corredores ecológicos, enfatizando solamente sus servicios humanos. La falta de alineación entre los valores de conservación ambiental y de usos humanos resulta en una pérdida de oportunidades para maximizar los beneficios del desarrollo de nuevos senderos. Este artículo usa conceptos de infraestructura ecológica y herramientas de modelos de conectividad para identificar lugares prioritarios para una red regional de senderos en la cuenca del río James en Virginia, Estados Unidos. El acercamiento usa métodos derivados de la teoría de circuito para identificar posibles sendas que reúnan los criterios básicos de diseño de senderos pero que también se estimen de alto valor de conservación. Los resultados se analizan con respecto a tres regiones separadas dentro de dicha cuenca, cada una con sus propios desafíos de planificación. El área del nacimiento del río, relativamente poco desarrollada, permite la mayor flexibilidad para el diseño de senderos. Por el contrario, el estrecho límite de la cuenca en la zona costera con su alto nivel de desarrollo permite escasas opciones para el emplazamiento de senderos. Debido a que la financiación para el desarrollo de conservación y recreación es a menudo limitada, los senderos multiuso situados estratégicamente en áreas fluviales densamente pobladas ofrecen una oportunidad para la planificación integrada de conservación y recreación.