bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent historical scholarship of evangelicalism
Authors: Wearne B.
Published: June 2013

Evangelical historiography is an attempt within evangelicalism to assess its own history. Books like Mark Noll’s The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind (1994), Stuart Piggin's Evangelical Christianity in Australia; Spirit, Word and World (1996) and David Bebbington's Evangelicalism in Modern Britain (1989) are evidence of a sustained attempt by evangelical historians to re-appraise the history of their religion. In this review Mark Noll's argument about the "mind" (or lack of it), of American evangelicalism is assessed. His historiographical method is scrutinised. The conclusion is that the scandal is wider than the "life of the mind". Evangelicalism, as presented by Noll. Bebbington and Piggin, also involves an unelaborated philosophy of history, which finds great difficulty in distancing itself from the popular sentiment, if not the doctrines, of modern society. The recent historiography of evangelicalism needs a Christian method for criticising itself lest it become another form of post-modern romantic popularism.
Hoekpale van Gereformeerd wees
Authors: Van der Walt T.
Published: June 2013

The theme of the 1996 AGM of the GTV was "Reformed Dynamics Today!" This paper is the opening address, supposed, according to the programme, to be on "Fundamental truths of the Reformed faith.” The author, however, preferred to call it "Core truths of being Reformed", reflecting a more dynamic, existential and inclusive approach.
Eko-etiek en die Christen
Authors: Du Plessis P. G. W.
Published: June 2013

In many ways it has been stated that the root cause of our present day ecological predicament emanates from the Christian conviction that man may exploit and use nature for his own ends. This article attempts to put the accusation "that Christianity is the enemy of the environment" in the context of two main schools in environmental ethics; i.e. an anthropocentric and a milieu-centric approach. To contribute toward a Christian environmental ethics, a new task has been inferred from our critical evaluation of the accusation. Christian scholars are therefore encouraged to further a practical environmental ethos together with a biblical view of nature.
Scriptural ethical principles and traditional African ethics
Authors: Van Rooy J. A.
Published: June 2013

The traditional ethical code of Africa is dominated by two factors, to wit, interpersonal relationships, which include the ancestor spirits, and taboo, which is mainly concerned with respecting the hierarchy of forces. God is hardly a factor in everyday conduct. Biblical ethics, on the other hand, is totally dominated by the idea of and relationship with God. The origin of biblical ethics (creation and redemption), history (God's redemptive acts), content (being God’s image, holy as He is holy), motivation (do as I have done to you), responsibility (both individual and communal responsibility) is directed towards God. Expectation (rewards and sanctions), universality (including all peoples, since God is the Creator of all), internal character (in that thoughts and motives are also judged by God), teaching about property, jurisprudence (placing kings and the lowliest on the same level before God and his law), and work ethic (which is strongly critical of using any magical means) - all of these are God-centred, and therefore sharply distinguished from African ethics which is man-centred. In the New Testament, the distinguishing factor is the new being, who is in Christ, being born again by the Holy Spirit, by which man is conformed to the image of his Redeemer and King. The dominant theme in both Testaments is love, which in African ethics is reserved for one's nearest kin), but in Scripture demanded even for one's enemies.
God en genot
Authors: Van Wyk J. H.
Published: June 2013

It cannot be denied that the theology of Augustine in general and his ethics in particular have had an immense influence on theological scholarship, church practice and Christian life throughout the centuries. His use of especially the concepts uti and frui has had a great impact on Christian ethics. These concepts are generally understood in such a way that God must only be enjoyed (frui) for his own sake and everything else must be used (uti) (not enjoyed) for God's sake. The question, however, arises whether that is a correct interpretation of Augustine? Was he indeed more of a Neoplatonist and Stoicist than a Biblical theologian? In this article Augustine's use of these concepts as well as his influence on reformed ethics in this regard is investigated.
Die diens aan die agtergeblewenes ’n Perspektief op die wette van ou Israel
Authors: Lion-Cachet F. N.
Published: June 2013

This article examines the validity of the laws on setting a Hebrew man or woman free and the cancellation of debts in the seventh or sabbatical year and the year of jubilee as these laws are manifested in the Pentateuch. After the relevant laws have been compared, they are tested in a broader Biblical context. Although no practical means or ways can be prescribed, the final result verifies the principle of restitution or affirmation.
The covenant with Abraham in the context of Africa
Authors: Van Rooy J. A.
Published: June 2013

The Covenant of Grace is God's way of exercising his sovereign rule in personal fellowship with humankind. There are certain aspects of Old Testament belief which are unique to it, and which provide the basis for covenant fellowship. These aspects include the personal nature of God, his sovereign rule over history, and the fact that humankind was created in God's image, although it is by nature in flight from God. On this basis it becomes possible for God to seek humankind, to elect a people for Himself and to conclude a covenant with them which requires faith, love, fellowship and obedience. African religion in its different forms does not provide such a basis, since God is either impersonal, or remote, and not interested in the doings of humankind except in so far as they might threaten the cosmic order. The relationship between God and man is automatic, whether He is conceived of as Creator, or as the first ancestor, or in­ discriminately, as the source of energy.
Wanneer die appels ver van die boom val - Juda se geslagsregister in 1 Kronieke 2:3-4:23
Authors: Snyman G.
Published: June 2013

This article discusses the production of a genealogical text in Chronicles (1 Chron. 2:3-4:23) which probably served as a key to membership within a collective community in the province of Yehud in the Persian period of the Second Temple era. The article starts with a discussion of how genealogies work in Southern Africa: firstly, within a particular church community ravished by racial tensions, secondly, within the African community during Nelson Mandela's presidential inauguration and thirdly, albeit briefly, within the context of Swazi praise songs, where the ideological role of genealogies serves to bolster traditional values. Because it is accepted that in ancient societies writing directly relates to power in ancient societies, the problem of elite groups in society is discussed before the text of 1 Chronicles 2:3-4:23 is analysed. The latter text is discussed with relation to Joel Weinberg's thesis of the bêt ’abót, the strange women in Ezra and Nehemia, and the influence of the Persian administration on the inhabitants of the Ancient Near East. Finally, the elite community is seen as a group of loyal Persian administrators, despite the fact that they were (the) children of exiles.
Spiritualiteit - ’n perspektief uit die Ou Testament
Authors: Snyman S. D.
Published: June 2013

Spirituality is defined as coram Deo, that is, living in the presence of God. In this article it is argued that within the South African context, the Old Testament is not given due regard in the scholarly debate on spirituality. The foundation of an Old Testament spirituality is God revealing his name in Exodus 3:14-15 as the ever-present God. Following the tripartite division of the Old Testament it is argued that the Torah can be seen as a call to obedience within covenantal structures. The prophets can be seen as proclaimers of God's Word. Jeremiah and Habakuk are examples of prophets who were not at ease with God and his actions. The doxologies found in prophetic literature are also important aspects of an Old Testament spirituality. The contribution of the Ketubim to the theme of spirituality can be summarised by the concepts of prayer and life. This preliminary investigation into the contribution the Old Testament can make on the issue of spirituality shows that much can be gained by taking the Old Testament into full account when reflecting on spirituality.
Goddelike onberekenbaarheid en menslike toerekenbaarheid in die boek Amos
Authors: Helberg J. L.
Published: June 2013

The hook of Amos is characterised by unexpected and even disillusionary divine action. Especially the promise at the end of the book is therefore regarded by many commentators as inconsistent with the genuine proclamation by Amos. This part of the book of Amos is thus regarded as the product of later redactionary activity. The author of this article sees the answer to this problem in the absolute sovereignty of God which dominates all parts of the book. Neglect of this aspect of God, combined with his personal will, caused Israel to practise an impersonal religion and made them fully accountable to this God who is incalculable in his action but not in his claim. Israel boasted about its history of salvation, but was blind to the responsibility it implied toward God and the neighbour. In self- satisfaction the Israelites thus reversed the covenant history. God did the same, but in his own way and time. It thus seemed as if the end had come for Israel. Even so, the possibility of hope expressed by the word “perhaps" and the phrase “my people" indicating God's bond with Israel (5:15 7:15), imply the absolute sovereignty of God to publish as well as to redeem.
Die toerustingstaak van die Gereformeerde predikant: ’n praktiese bedieningsmodel
Authors: Vorster J. M.
Published: June 2013

The mininstry of the minister in the Reformed churches in South Africa is strongly influenced by the insitutional model of the Church. The result of this pattern of ministry is that ministry in general is solely dependent on the work of the particular offices of minister. elder and deacon. The community of the saints and the general priesthood of the believers are thus neglected. This article explores ways in which the equipping task of the minister can be effectively rearranged in order to enhance the upbuilding of the church. In conclusion, it is stated that the Reformed minister can equip the believers by simultaneously using two patterns of ministry. On the one hand, the believers can he equipped by way of the ministry of the Word and Sacraments in the worship service and by the ministry of the Word in catechetical instruction and parish visiting. On the other hand, the Reformed minister can equip believers by enabling people with the gift of leadership to lead small groups in the congregation, with the ultimate aim of building up the community of the saints and the general priesthood of the believers.
Die implikasies van enkele pneumatologlese insigte van Rudolf Bohren vir die Praktiese Teologie
Authors: De Wet F. W. , Venter C. J. H.
Published: June 2013

This article attempts to outline an approach to Practical Theology which will provide a new vision on the fullness and magnificence of the field of study. Possibilities in obtaining a new vision are illustrated by expounding three pneumatological perpectives on Practical Theology by the German theologian, Rudolf Bohren. By means of the analysis of and a conclusion drawn from Bohren’s vision on a trinitarian-pneumatological approach, his application of the term teonomical reciprocity and his application of the aesthetical term, Wahrnehmung (perception), a unique and rich starting point for a vivid, spiritual approach to Practical Theology can be provided.
Die nuwe hemel en die nuwe aarde: dogmatiese en etiese oorwegings oor ’n aspek van die eskatologie
Authors: Van Wyk J. H.
Published: June 2013

Most Christians confess their belief in a new heaven and a new earth. The question, however, arises as to what exactly is meant by and expected from the acceptance of the concept of a new heaven and a new earth. In some Christian traditions the idea of heaven is predominantly emphasized- thus neglecting the notion of earth. In line with this emphasis the general idea of "after death we go to heaven" is stimulated. In other views, the new earth as final destination plays an important role, while the concept of the new heaven is underrated. In this article it is attempted not only to investigate different theological views concerning the new heaven and the new earth, but also to present a Biblical perspective on this topic of discussion.
Christi Coetzee - ’n begaafde teoloog
Authors: Jordaan G. J. C.
Published: June 2013

Dit is vir my ’n voorreg om ’n kort waarderingswoord te skryf oor my leermeester, vriend en kollega, Christi Coetzee. In die laat sewentigerjare het ek as teologiese student by die Teologiese Skool te Potchefstroom gesit aan die voete van prof. Christi, soos hy allerweë bekend is, en die Nuwe-Testamentiese wetenskap van hom geleer. Sedert 1989 was ek weer saam met hom by die Teologiese Skool, hierdie keer as kollega in die departement Nuwe-Testamentiese vakke. Om ’n mens se vroeëre leermeester later as kollega en as vriend te leer ken, is ’n vreugde wat vir min mense beskore is. Daarom is dit vir my ’n vreugde om, noudat hy in 1998 geëmeriteer het, ’n woord van waardering te skrywe.
Kloning: konflik tussen wat kan en wat mag. ’n Voorlopige ondersoek vanuit teologies-etiese perspektief
Authors: Van Wyk J. H.
Published: June 2013

It surely is not an overstatement to say that the first successful cloning of a sheep in 1997 in Scotland can be described as a Copernican revolution - not only in medical ethics but also in man's world view. The question thus arises how long it will eventually take before a human being will be cloned This issue, however, foregrounds the ethical concern of whether a process that scientifically can be implemented and a result that can be achieved always ought to be executed Ofcourse there are many pro's as far as the cloning of a human being is concerned, but what about the con's? Focusing on this specific issue, it is attempted to find a provisional answer from a theological-ethical point of view.
‘Das Ym Selbs’ van Martin Bucer
Authors: Schulze L. F.
Published: June 2013

In die kerkgeskiedenis word Bucer gewoonlik in enkele paragrawe klaar ‘behandel.’ Dan word daar onherroeplik 'n punt geplaas en word voortgegaan met die res van die kerkgeskiedenis. Weinig of geen lyne word getrek van Luther na Bucer en van lg. na Calvyn nie.
Die verandering van artikel 36 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis in Nederland in 1905: Progressie of regressie?
Authors: Van der Merwe D. C. S.
Published: June 2013

Toe die studiedeputate wat deur die Nasionale Sinode van die Gereformeerde Kerk in Suid-Afrika in 1967 benoem is in verband met art. 36 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis, aan die werk gespring het, het dit nodig geblyk om eers ’n volledige beeld van die historiese agtergrond van die saak te kry. Die materiaal wat hierby versamel is, het uiteindelik soveel geword, dat net die nodigste kerngeinkorporeer kon word in die verslag aan die Sinode van 1970.
Translating Romans: some persistent headaches
Authors: Du Toit A.B.
Published: June 2013

Translating Romans: some persistent headaches Gone are the days when it was axiomatic that expertise in biblical languages automatically qualified one as a Bible translator. In 1949, Ronald Knox, who for nine years conscientiously struggled with translating the Bible for his generation, published a booklet under the title The trials of a translator. At that stage Bible translation as the subject of scientific study was still in its infancy. Since then, research into the intricacies of communicating the biblical message in an authentic but understandable manner, has made significant progress (cf. Roberts, 2009). However, the frustrations of Bible translators, first of all to really understand what the biblical authors wanted to convey to their original addressees, and then to commu-nicate that message to their own targeted readers in a meaningful way, have not disappeared. In fact, the challenge to meet the vary-ing requirements of the multiple kinds of translation that are present-ly in vogue, has only increased.
’n Teologies-etiese beoordeling van onwettige immigrasie
Authors: De Beer E.J.
Published: June 2013

A theological-ethical judgement of illegal immigration The immigration of people is a growing global phenomenon. People immigrate to South Africa mainly for economic purposes. Not all immigrants are,however, legally in the country. It is not certain how many illegal immigrants are in the country. The South African government does not have a clear, effective policy on how to solve the problem of illegal immigration. In this article the influence of illegal immigration on the South African labour sphereis analysed. The aim of the article is to give guidance from the Bible to role players on how their disposition should be concerning the problem of illegal immigrant workers. In the article the extent and causes of illegal immigration are investigated. Thisis followed byprobing into the effects of illegal immigration on the South African labour sphere and the action taken by the authorities to solve the problem. The influence of illegal immigration on labour in South Africa is judged according to biblical principals. In the assess-ment guidance is given as to what the disposition of different role players should be concerning the set problem.
Living wisely in a modern world
Authors: Steyn L.
Published: June 2013

People all over the world today have to compete for their daily bread and struggle to make ends meet. This represents the arena where humans battle to cope with the complexities of daily life. At the same time theytry to find meaning in life and guidelines to live life well. It is here, in ordinary real life, where wisdom and folly compete for human loyalties and where the divine and the human meet (O’Connor, 1993:14). It is here where Proverbs 3 gives us diverse guidelines on how to live wisely in a modern world.
Redaksioneel
Authors: Van Rensburg Fika J.
Published: June 2013

Toe ek die oproep uitgestuur het om bydraes vir hierdie Festschrift te vra, het kollegas van heinde en verre positief gereageer – ’n teken van die hoë agting, respek en waardering vir Tjaart van der Walt, ’n “slaaf van Christus” onder ’n wye kring navorsers!
’n Etiek van Bybellees en ’n hermeneutiek van weerloosheid
Authors: Snyman G.F.
Published: June 2013

An ethics of reading the Bible and a hermeneutics of vulnerabilityOn the basis of Van der Walt’s (2008) proposal regarding an approach towards Scripture, the author proposes a hermeneutics of vulnerability that aims to facilitate a Bible reading process “with” people and no longer “for” people. Such a hermeneutic will enable the Bible reader to take into account the effect a particular explanation of Scripture will have on people for which he or she need to take responsibility. In the ensuing discussion, firstly, the author looks at the way people are being made destitute by a particular reading of the Bible, and secondly, discusses how a hermeneutic of vulnerability reveals such a vulnerableness.
Grammaties-historiese eksegese: quid est et quo vadis?
Authors: Van Deventer H.J.M.
Published: June 2013

Grammatical-historical exegesis: quid est et quo vadis?This article investigates the grammatical-historical method of biblical interpretation. The aim is to indicate certain problems in the approach through critical investigation and to make suggestions regarding changes to this method. Emphasis is placed on the historical- and reader-focused aspects related to reading an ancient biblical text. The development of the grammaticalhistorical method is placed against the backdrop of the development of biblical interpretation in general. Lastly, suggestions are made on how the results of the historical-Jesus research can contribute to responsible exegesis.
Tekste, ko-tekste en kon-tekste van die leë graf in die Jesus-tradisie
Authors: Van Aarde A.G.
Published: June 2013

Texts, co-texts, and con-texts of the empty tomb in the Jesus traditionAn investigation of texts, co-texts and con-texts of the empty tomb in the Jesus tradition provides a “situation-specific common background knowledge” (Auer, 1996:18-19) from which perspective this article is written. The article aims to argue that the myth behind the empty tomb in the Jesus tradition deploys a trajectory of five links. Its origin, the first of the five links, is to be found in the metaphorical use of the motif of recreation analogous to the foundational narrative in Israel’s historical memoirs of God’s “creatio ex nihilo”. The foundational narrative consists of a collective anthropological facet and an indivdual psychological facet. The anthropological facet is manifested in the memoir of the suppression of Israel as a downtrodden nation. The individual facet pertains to the martyred heroes in Israel’s history. In this article the five links of the trajectory are conceptualised in five chronological phases represented by specific textual evidence. They are, firstly, the descent of a corpse into the sheol; secondly, the objectifying of metaphorical language about the resurrection of the dead, which refers to either Israel as a “corporate personality” or individuals; thirdly, the Hellenisation of the resurrection belief pattern which existed in the Semitic, Eastern-Mediterranean world, in the light of the theology of apotheosis/divinisation and ideas about immortality and reincarnation; and fourthly, the empowerment of suffering righteous mortals when participating in the renewed life of resurrected/ascended divine heroes. The fifth phase pertains to the period when the other four phases reached an apogee and resurrection belief served as a kind of coping-healing. The article aims to argue that the hermeneutical significance of the empty tomb in the Jesus tradition is to be found in the third phase. The modes in terms of which Jesus’ empty tomb were interpreted by the first “Christ-followers” are to be found in phases four and five.
Die pastorale begeleiding van die aangenome kind met betrekking tot die Vaderskap van God
Authors: Lotter G.A. , Hoepfner H.G.
Published: June 2013

Pastoral guidance of the adopted child with regard to the Fatherhood of GodIn this article the significance of the Fatherhood of God for adopted children and the way they may be guided pastorally, is researched. The ongoing debate regarding adopted children and specific issues with them, like identity, rejection and loss, will be discussed. The father-image adopted children have of the biological and the adoptive father is respectively investigated, followed by a discussion of how the adopted child’s image of God may be influenced by the image of an earthly father. Guidelines for the pastoral guidance regarding the Fatherhood of God and the forming of identity, as well as dealing with rejection and loss, are given. The article ends with some conclusions.
Intelligensie op drie vlakke as ’n kernvereiste vir die bedienaar
Authors: Venter C.J.H.
Published: June 2013

Intelligence on three levels as core requirement for the pastorIn this article the requirement that a pastor should act and behave in an intellectually, emotionally and socially intelligent way is focused on. At the outset of the article intellectual intelligence is discussed metatheoretically. The functioning of the brain, especially of the neocortex, the sub-cortex and the amygdala is outlined as far as intellectual intelligence is concerned. Basistheoretically relevant requirements for being intellectually intelligent are then investigated, in particular relevant requirements for the sound equipment of the pastor as stated in the pastoral epistles. In this respect the following aspects are scrutinised: the requirement that the pastor should have the competence to instruct the congregation from God’s Word, and the requirement that the pastor should have the ability to equip his congregation in an intellectually sound way. In the ensuing part of the article metatheoretical viewpoints on emotional intelligence are outlined. Aspects like the following are indicated and mentioned as these should form part of the pastor’s equipment: the value of a sound self-awareness, a clear perspective on own competencies, a founded self-confidence, self-control, the ability to minister with certain aims in mind, to handle own emotional wounds, and in the last instance, the requirement of insight and how to cope with own emotions. The requirement that the pastor should exercise self-control and the conviction of being called by and cared for by his Sender, God, are included as basistheoretical material. As far as social intelligence is concerned, the following elements are taken into consideration on metatheoretical level: the ability to have an understanding for the situation of someone else and the competence to tune into the feelings of another person. Aspects of the requirement to create relationships, and issues of empathy are investigated and described basis-theoretically. In conclusion practice-theoretical guidelines are formulated for a possible implementation of intellectual, emotional and social intelligence in the ministry of a servant of God.
Die skrifbeskouing van die reformatore
Authors: Schulze L. F.
Published: June 2013

Die tema is met opset so geformuleer, want om hier te praat van ’n (formele) ‘inspirasieleer’ of ‘inspirasieteorie’ van die reformatore sou ’n anachronisme wees. Dat die Skrif deur God ingegee of geïnspireer is (die Vulgaat vertaal die Theopneustos van 2 Tim. 3 ; 16 met divinitus inspirata), het die kerk van die begin af geglo.
Sabbat–Sondag
Authors: Lion-Cachet F. N.
Published: June 2013

Die diskussie rondom die vraag na die betekenis van die Sondag bly steeds aktueel, alhoewel dit geensins ’n nuwe vraagstuk is nie. Ds. H. Denkema het tot nuwe verantwoording geroep deur te stel dat die ‘gelowige (sal) moet leer wat dit beteken om, sonder enige verdienste, van genade alleen te lewe’.
Die verhouding van Gen. 1 en Gen. 3 in die koninkryksbeskouing
Authors: Helberg J. L.
Published: June 2013

Die gedagte van die koninkryk kan alleen verstaan word as uitgegaan word van die goeie skepping van God, wat saamtrek in die skepping van die mens na Gods beeld, dit wil sê tot persoonlike verbondsgemeenskap met God, wat deur die ongehoorsaamheid van die mens aan God ’n breuk ondergaan het, so radikaal dat alleen versoening van die mens met God, en dan ook alleen deur ’n middelaar wat die andersins onoorbrugbare kloof oorbrug, tot herstel kan lei.
Die pastorale benadering van die alkoholis
Authors: Duvenage A. P. C.
Published: June 2013

Wie presies die alkoholis is, is glad nie duidelik as ’n mens met die eerste oogopslag kennis maak met die magdom definisies en beskouinge oor alkoholisme. Baie van die bittere strydpunte en talle misverstande kan tot hierdie verwarring teruggevoer word.
’n Oriëntering in breë trekke: Begrips- en plekbepaling van die koninkryk van God t.o.v. en in verhouding tot die uitverkiesing, die kerk, die verbond en die maatskappy
Authors: Van Wyk de Vries K. S.
Published: June 2013

Die bedoeling van hierdie oriëntering in breë trekke (op besonderhede gaan ander referente in) is veral ’n poging tot die bepaling van groothede wat die Bybel ons gee (in die koninkryk van God, verbond, kerk en maatskappy het ons met groepe of groeperinge mense te doen) en hulle plek, vorm en bedoeling vir sover dit die mens, en met name die gelowige, in sy verhouding tot God aangaan. Dat hierin van die uitverkiesing in Christus uitgegaan en daarop telkens teruggekeer word, spreek vir die gereformeerde teoloog vanself.
Die kerk en die kommunisme, uitgangspunt en perspektief
Authors: Murray A. H.
Published: June 2013

Waar ons onmiddellike opdrag is om die konkrete taak van die kerk in die bestryding van Kommunisme en Marxisme te beskrywe, is ons gedwing om terug te dink aan die eerste grondslae van die vyandelike aanslag — die grondslae waarop sy leer en sy beleid van gewelddadige optrede berus. Want ons het nie te doen met ’n opportunistiese onderneming of ’n imperialistiese waagstuk as dit oor die Kommunisme gaan nie, en ook nie met die blinde opbruising van laere en agterlike volksklasse nie, maar wel met ’n deurdagte en afgeronde heelal-filosofie wat oor die aardbol versprei is en wat op sistematiese wyse en met wetenskaplike strategie ’n aanval op die bestaande Christelike orde maak.
In hoever behoort sending tot die wese van die kerk?
Authors: Kruger M. A.
Published: June 2013

Behoort sending tot die wese van die Nieu-Testamentiese kerk of is dit ’n insidentele saak wat nie wesenlik noodsaaklik is vir die bestaan van die kerk nie en bloot afhanklik van bykomende faktore wat van plek tot plek en van tyd tot tyd verskil? Die vraag is dus of ’n kerk wat geen missionêre roeping uitoefen nie, nog werklik kerk van die Here is. Verder moet ook gevra word of die hele wese van die kerk deur sending bepaal word as sending wel wesensbelangrik vir die kerk is. Is daar nie ander wesensfunksies wat gelykelik saam met die sending weeg nie?
Die ‘ruimte-vlug van die verdowingsdekade’
Authors: Snyman P. C.
Published: June 2013

Ons leef in die ruimte-eeu. Dit is asof die wêreld vir die mens te klein geword het. Hy soek weë en middele om hom weg te neem, buite die grense van die tot dusver bekende lewensruimte. Hy vind hierdie middele met behulp van ’n tegniese vaardigheid wat ’n mens eenvoudig verstom laat staan.
Die Gereformeerde Ekumeniese Sinode te Amsterdam 1968 en die vrou in die amp
Authors: Spoelstra B.
Published: June 2013

Die O.T. noem enkele uitsonderlike gevalle waar vroue as profetesse of koningin-moeders opgetree het, maar gee geen afdoende getuienis ‘about the question whether woman in the Christian church has to be excluded from a clerical function or not’. Die slotsom is eerder: ‘In general women did not have any official function in the time of the Old Testament’.
Mag die kerk skeur?
Authors: Van Wyk J. H.
Published: June 2013

Die tradisioneel gereformeerde standpunt is dat kerkskeuring soms plig kan wees, dat deformasie in ’n bepaalde kerkverband so wyd om hom heen kan gryp dat lidmate van Godsweë geroep word om daardie kerkverband te verlaat en ’n nuwe te vorm. ‘Die waar-heid moet bo die eenheid verkies word, want wat baat ’n eenheid waarin die onwaarheid vrye spel het?’
Onderlinge verhouding van Skrif en Belydenis
Authors: Duvenhage S. C. W.
Published: June 2013

Dat die vraagstuk waarmee ons hier te doen het tans van die uiterste aktualiteit is in die Christelike kerk sal vir elkeen wat enigsins op hoogte is met die kerklike en teologiese diskussie van ons tyd, met die eerste oogopslag duidelik wees. Berkouwer het in sy geskrif ‘Verontrusting en Verantwoordelikheid’ ten opsigte van die defensief en die offensief in die kerklike stryd rondom die huidige verontrusting in Nederland verklaar dat daar in ons tyd meer en meer aarselinge en vraagtekens in die plek kom van vroeëre stellighede en uitroeptekens.
Die gesagskrisis
Authors: Floor L.
Published: June 2013

Wat vandag op die terrein van die teologie en met name in die Etiek gebeur, kan ons miskien die beste aandui met die woord ‘aardstorting’. Waar dit gaan oor verhoudinge tussen mense in en buite die huwelik, politieke, maatskaplike en sosiale probleme, kortom, orals waar gesag ter sprake kom, sien ons ’n geweldige grondverskuiwing. Met ander woorde ons belewe ’n ontsettende krisis van die gesag.
Die Openbaring van Johannes. Die boek Openbaring self — die struktuur daarvan
Authors: Snyman W. J.
Published: June 2013

Die boek Openbaring is moeilik om te verstaan — daar is so baie simboliek. Die gevaar is groot dat ons alles simbolies gaan verklaar, en die boek Openbaring gaan sien as ’n simboliese voorstelling van die deurwerking van die eerste koms, dat daar eintlik maar net een koms is van die koninkryk — naamlik die eerste koms van Christus.
Beginselen van kerkelijke rechtspraak
Authors: Roeleveld L.
Published: June 2013

De laatste jaren is er meer belangstelling ontstaan voor de inhoud en werking van het gereformeerde kerkrecht. Enerzijds wordt gewezen op de veranderlijkheid van de Kerkorde en wordt verandering met het oog op aardrijkskundige en tijdsomstandigheden aanbevolen. Anderzijds wordt gewaarschuwd tegen reglementering rondom de Kerkorde, tegen onkritisch gebruik van handleidingen en tegen tendentieuze persoonlijke standpunten zonder voldoende acht te slaan op de tekst van de Kerkorde zelf.
Die Koninkryk van God en die vernuwing van die samelewing volgens die Hebreërbrief
Authors: Floor F.
Published: June 2013

Waar die koninkryk van God deurbreek kom daar ’n vernuwing van die mens en van die samelewing. Die groot vraag vandag is of hierdie stelling ook omgekeer kan word: waar vernuwing kom, daar is die koninkryk van God?
Die stryd rondom die leer aangaande die Triniteit met besondere verwysing na die vierde en twintigste eeue
Authors: Bingle P. W.
Published: June 2013

Wie oor die Wese van God spreek staan op heilige grond. Sou ons dan nie liewer volstrek swyg as dit gaan oor die wese van die Drie-eenheid in plaas van ons te besondig aan Hom, die Oneindige wat hoër is as alle verstand? Maar die weg van absolute swye is ewe sondig as die van roekelose en oneerbiedige spreke.
Het recht en de taak van de bezwaarde broeder of kerkeraad
Authors: Roeleveld L.
Published: June 2013

Indien een kerklid of kerkeraad bezwaard is over een uitspraak van een kerkelijke vergadering omdat deze uitspraak naar zijn oordeel in strijd is met het Woord van God of de artikelen van de Kerkenorde, zal hij volgens art. 31 K.O. appel of volgens art. 46 K.O. revisie dienen in te stellen.
Kerklike kontak tussen die Afrikaanse en Engelse kerkegroepe in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Van Wyk J. H.
Published: June 2013

Ons bied allereers ’n ekskurs, waarin aandag gegee word aan die ekklesiologie by J. Calvyn, W. J. Snyman en B. Duvenage. Tweedens maak ons ’n diagnose van die kerklike kontak tussen die Afrikaanse en Engelse kerkegroepe, en ten slotte waag ons ’n ekklesiologiese prognose.
Problematiek t.o.v. verhoudinge en gesprek met buitelandse kerke en buitevolkse kerke
Authors: Helberg J. L.
Published: June 2013

Vooraf enkele opmerkings rakende kerk en kerkverband. Dit is opmerklik dat die Kategismus in sy verklaring van die begrip Kerk dinge wat maklik as teenoor mekaar staande gesien word, in organiese verband met mekaar plaas. Dit laat bv. alle klem val op Christus se persoonlike handeling.
Black Theology – Voorbereiding vir die rewolusie?
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: June 2013

Dit is ’n algemene aanvaarde feit dat Suidelike Afrika vandag in ’n bedreigde posisie staan. Binne Suidelike Afrika is die sterkste enkele bolwerk die Republiek van Suid-Afrika. Geestelik en stoflik is die Republiek die kragbron wat Rhodesië, Mosambiek en Angola die selfvertroue gee om staande te bly te en die meervoudige strategieë wat ontwerp is om Suidelike Afrika te bevry en dan te omvorm.
Die adres vir die verslag van kerkvisitasie
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2013

Leser sê dat in hulle Klassis ’n Reglement van orde geld wat die visitatore opdrag gee om haarfyn verslag van hulle bevindinge en aanbevelings in ’n volgende klassisverslag te doen. Die verslag word aan die klassis gerig en die kerkraad ontvang ’n afskrif. Hulle mag die verslag op die klassis bestry, maar sodra die klassis dit aanvaar het, moet die kerkrade die aanbevelings uitvoer as komende van die klassis. Leser voel onseker oor hierdie praktyk, maar oordeel dat die visitatore deputate van die klassis is en geen ander werkswyse moontlik maak nie. Hy wil graag daaroor die mening van In die Skriflig hê.
Die indikatief en die imperatief in die prediking
Authors: Floor L.
Published: June 2013

Ons lees in die Bybel naas die beloftes van God ook van sy gebooie. Daar is ’n hele aantal wette en voorskrifte in die Woord van God. In die O.T. word die hele wet van God opgesom met as hoogtepunt die bekende Tien Gebooie. By die profete hoor ons herhaaldelik van voorskrifte wat die volk Israel wys hoe God en die naaste gedien moet word. Aan die begin van die N.T. staan daar al dadelik die indrukwekkende Bergpredikassie van Jesus waarin die gebooie van God geproklameer word. ’n Groot gedeelte van die briewe in die N.T. bestaan uit apostoliese vermaninge. Dit is dus ’n vraag hoe ons die gebooie van die Bybel moet verkondig.
Die versoening by Paulus
Authors: Vorster J. M.
Published: June 2013

In die geskiedenis van die kerk, was die leer van die versoening telkens in die geding. En na die Tweede Wêreldoorlog het dié leer ook in Gereformeerde kringe aanleiding gegee tot vele diskussies. Hier kan veral die name genoem word van Korff en Smits. In ons huidige tyd is dit veral die omstrede dissertasie van Herman Wiersinga wat in hierdie verband die Gereformeerde toneel beheers.
‘Ek IS’ in die evangelie van Johannes — Openbarings-histories benader
Authors: Van Schalkwyk P.
Published: June 2013

Die Johannes-evangelie is op ’n besondere wyse saamgestel: ’n mens sou byna sê aan die hand van die verskillende ‘Ek is’-uitsprake van Jesus. Dit is luisterryk soos ’n simfonie waarin die tema telkens weer gehoor kan word.
Die vraag na ’n nuwe belydenisskrif
Authors: Van Wyk J. H.
Published: June 2013

Die mees bekende reformatoriese belydenisskrifte dateer uit die sestiende en sewentiende eeue (E 16—17) en is dus almal 300 tot 400 jaar oud: Die Galliese Konfessie 1559, die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis 1561, die Heidelbergse Kategismus 1563, die 39 Articles 1563, die Tweede Helvietiese Konfessie 1566, die Dordtse Leerreëls 1619, die Westminsterse Konfessie 1646.
Versoening en vernuwing – Wat Herman Wiersinga wil sê en sê
Authors: Dijkstra H.
Published: June 2013

Wiersinga stel dit duidelik dat dit nie om ’n aanvaarbaar maak van die Bybelse boodskap mag gaan deur die wesenlike skandalon daarvan te verdoesel nie. Ook sien hy geen heil daarin om die Bybelse voorstellinge, terme en beelde met nuwe, eietydse beelde en segswyses te vervang nie.
Ontstaan, rol en betekenis van die Afrikaanse koerante
Authors: Pienaar G. P.
Published: June 2013

Die koerant soos ons dit vandag ken, het pas 2 000 jaar oud geword, nou wel nie altyd gedruk en met kleurfoto’s versier nie, maar nietemin herkenbaar nuusblad. Ons dank vandag die Romein Cicero vir ons kennis van die heel oudste koerante.
Honor of honorarium
Authors: Floor L.
Published: June 2013

In die geskiedenis van die kerk vind ons verskillende voorbeelde wat daar op wys dat nie elkeen kon saamstem met die praktyk om predikante van ’n traktement te voorsien nie. Met name wanneer dit sendelinge betref dan mag daar nie so iets soos ’n vaste lewensonderhoud aan hulle gegee word nie.
Persoonlikhede in die vroeë Anabaptisme – was die wederdopers rewolusioniste of hervormers?
Authors: Spoelstra B.
Published: June 2013

Ons moet kennis neem dat die Wederdopers vandag sterk aangeslaan word in die rewolusionêre aanslag op die gevestigde ‘strukture’ in die menslike en wêreldlike samelewing. Die rewolusioniste begryp baie goed dat die mens ’n eenheid is en nie in kompartemente, momente of kringe uiteenval nie.
Availability of tuberculosis infection control plans at rural hospitals of Vhembe district, Limpopo Province of South Africa
Authors: Tshitangano Takalani G. , Maputle Sonto M. , Netshikweta Lizzy M.
Published: June 2013

Background: In Limpopo province the rate of new tuberculosis (TB) cases increase daily.The Infection Control (IC) plan is one of the essential actions for TB IC. This study aimed to establish the availability of these plans at health care facilities.Objectives: The objectives were to explore and describe the awareness and knowledge of health care workers (HCWs) of the availability and content of TB IC plan; and to identity the role of infection control committees from the perspective of HCWs.Method: A qualitative approach using a cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted. The target population was all HCWs from the seven hospitals of Vhembe district. A purposive sampling approach was used to select 57 participants. The approval to conduct this study was obtained from the relevant authorities and participants. Data was collected through seven focus group discussions comprising five to 10 members. An unstructured discussion guide was used to collect data, and an open-coding method was used to analyse the data. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria ensured trustworthiness of the study findings.Results: Findings revealed that HCWs were not aware of the availability and the information contained in the TB IC plans. No person was designated as TB IC officer at hospital level. There was lack of a TB IC Committee and teams as well as ineffective utilisation of those that did exist.Conclusions: It was concluded that if the TB IC plans are not available at health care facilities,then the TB IC practices implemented by HCWs vary, resulting in TB nosocomial infection transmission. It was recommended that the World Health Organisation’s TB IC plans be adopted and implemented in Vhembe district.
Types et contragrédientes
Authors: Henniart Guy , Sécherre Vincent
Published: June 2013

Soit G un groupe réductif p-adique, et soit R un corps algébriquement clos. Soit π une représentation lisse de G dans un espace vectoriel V sur R. Fixons un sous-groupe ouvert et compact K de G et une représentation lisse irréductible ϱ de K dans un espace vectoriel W de dimension finie sur R. Sur l'espace HomK(W, V) agit l'algèbre d'entrelacement (G,K,W). Nous examinons la compatibilité de ces constructions avec le passage aux représentations contragrédientes Vv et Wv, et donnons en particulier des conditions sur W ou sur la caractéristique de R pour que le comportement soit semblable au cas des représentations complexes. Nous prenons un point de vue abstrait, n'utilisant que des propriétés générales de G. Nous terminons par une application á la théorie des types pour le groupe GLn et ses formes intérieures sur un corps local non archimédien.
A Literature Review on Chronic Pain: The Daily Overcoming of a Complex Problem
Authors: Prefontaine Karine , Rochette Annie
Published: June 2013

Introduction:

Chronic pain has an impact on the working life of those affected, but what about other areas of daily living? The objective in this research paper is to review the relationship between chronic pain and engagement in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), sleep and family life.

Method:

A search in the Medline (2006–2010) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) (2004–2010) databases using the key terms ‘chronic pain’, ‘family’, ‘sleep disorders’ and ‘occupation’ was carried out. To be included, articles had to refer to the effects of chronic pain on IADLs, on sleep or on the family. Studies in which a specific diagnosis or condition was discussed were excluded to provide a more general view of the effects of chronic pain. Quality was assessed using the STROBE statement scale (for descriptive studies, from Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology), the Qualitative Research Guidelines Project (for qualitative studies) and the PRISMA statement scale (for systematic reviews, from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses).

Results:

Of the 256 articles obtained from the search, 13 met the inclusion criteria. The articles show that chronic pain indeed has an impact on the lives of those affected in other areas besides work rehabilitation.

Conclusion:

Occupational therapists must consider levels of performance and engagement in all occupational domains of an individual, even when focusing on a single domain due to the work setting or commissioning process.
Hybrid Innovation. The Italian Machine Tool Industry Case
Authors: Paolo Rizzi  , Fabio Campanini  , Serena Costa
Published: June 2013

The machine tool industry has a leading role in the Italian manufacturing system, and it is between the few industrial branches in which Italy keeps an international primary level role, being the 4th world producer and the 3rd world exporter. The branch innovation process has a threefold hybrid characterisation: it is an industry that compete at a global level, so oriented towards open innovation and imitation, but, at the same time, it tries to defend its own products. Meanwhile, it strives for product innovation, but also for production systems innovation in order to achieve a greater flexibility and reconfigurability for machine tools.
Semi-autonomous sounding selection for OCO-2
Authors: Mandrake L. , Frankenberg C. , O'Dell C. W. , Osterman G. , Wennberg P. , Wunch D.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Many modern instruments generate more data than may be fully processed in a timely manner. For some atmospheric sounders, much of the raw data cannot be processed into meaningful observations due to suboptimal viewing conditions, such as the presence of clouds. Conventional solutions are quick, empirical-threshold filters hand-created by domain experts to weed out unlikely or unreasonable observations, coupled with randomized down sampling when the data volume is still too high. In this paper, we describe a method for the construction of a sub-sampling and ordering solution that maximizes the likelihood that a requested data subset will be usefully processed. The method can be used for any metadata-rich source and implicitly discerns informative vs. non-informative data features while still permitting user feedback into the final features selected for filter implementation. We demonstrate the method by creating a selector for the spectra of the Japanese GOSAT satellite designed to measure column averaged mixing ratios of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide (CO2). This is done within the Atmospheric CO2 Measurements from Space (ACOS) NASA project with the intention of eventual use during the early Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission. OCO-2 will have a 1.5 orders of magnitude larger data volume than ACOS, requiring intelligent pre-filtration.
The challenge of simulating warmth of the mid-Miocene Climate Optimum in CESM1
Authors: Goldner A. , Herold N. , Huber M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) is an intriguing climatic period due to its above-modern temperatures in mid-to-high latitudes in the presence of close-to-modern CO2 concentrations. We use the recently released Community Earth System Model (CESM1.0) with a slab ocean to simulate this warm period, incorporating recent Miocene CO2 reconstructions of 400 ppm. We simulate a global mean annual temperature (MAT) of 18 °C, ~4 °C above the pre-industrial value, but 4 °C colder than the global Miocene MAT we calculate from climate proxies. Sensitivity tests reveal that the inclusion of a reduced Antarctic ice sheet, eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean temperature anomalies, increased CO2 to 560 ppm, and variations in obliquity only marginally improve model-data agreement. All MMCO simulations have an equator to pole temperature gradient which is at least ~ 10 °C larger than the reconstruction from proxies. The MMCO simulation most comparable to the proxy records requires a CO2 concentration of 800 ppm. Our results illustrate that MMCO warmth is not reproducible using the CESM1.0 forced with CO2 concentrations reconstructed for the Miocene or including various proposed Earth system feedbacks; the remaining discrepancy in the MAT is comparable to that introduced by a CO2 doubling. The models tendency to underestimate proxy derived global MAT and overestimate the equator to pole temperature gradient suggests a major climate problem in the MMCO akin to those in the Eocene. Our results imply that this latest model, as with previous generations of climate models, is either not sensitive enough or additional forcings remain missing that explain half of the anomalous warmth and pronounced polar amplification of the MMCO.