bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the larval parasitoid, Bracon hebetor Say. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under laboratory and field conditions
Authors: Adly D. , Marzouk W. M.
Published: December 2019

The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is considered one of the most important pests effecting honeybee industry. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the larval parasitoid, Bracon hebetor Say. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on G. mellonella in laboratory, honeybee colonies, and stored wax combs. In the laboratory studies, the pre-ovipositoinal, ovipositional, and post-ovipositional periods of the parasitoid were 0.27 ± 0.45, 20.87 ± 1.5, and 4.33 ± 0.48 days, respectively. The total number of eggs/female of the parasitoid on the 5th larval instar of G. mellonella reached 71.77 ± 7.84 eggs. B. hebetor females paralyze their hosts, the percentage of paralyzed 2nd larval instar of G. mellonella was 30% and parasitoid could not lay eggs on them, while the percentage of paralyzed 5th larval instar was 100% and parasitoid could lay eggs. In the field studies, the parasitoid, B. hebetor was released in honeybee colonies and stored wax combs to evaluate its efficacy. By releasing the parasitoid, the mean numbers of dead larvae of G. mellonella in treated honeybee colonies were greater than in the untreated, (91.8 ± 5.319 and 53.3 ± 24.373) larvae/colony, respectively. Also, releasing of B. hebetor against G. mellonella in stored wax combs reduced the number of survived G. mellonella larvae in treated storage wax combs to 3.2 ± 2.38 than in the untreated (using formic acid) 9.3 ± 5.52 larvae/store colonies. This is the first work to study efficacy of the parasitoid, B. hebetor on G. mellonella larvae in honeybee colonies and stored wax combs. The results suggested that the parasitoid had the efficacy to be used for controlling G. mellonella in beehives and stored wax comb in Egypt.
Rocuronium reversal: sugammadex versus neostigmine in asthmatic patients undergoing open cholecystectomy
Authors: Fahmy Niven Gerges , Hamawy Tamer Youssef Elie , Labib Heba Abdel Azim
Published: December 2019

Sugammadex is a new selective relaxant binding drug that provides a rapid decrease in free rocuronium in the plasma and also at the nicotinic receptor that helps in proper awakening of patients, which is extremely helpful for minimizing postoperative respiratory complications. The aim of this study is to compare the recovery profile of sugammadex versus neostigmine in asthmatic patients undergoing open cholecystectomy.

Methods

This study included 60 patients of ASA physical status II, aged 45–55 years with controlled bronchial asthma undergoing open cholecystectomy. General anesthesia was induced with propofol (2–3 mg/kg), fentanyl 1 μg/kg, and then rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was administered to facilitate tracheal intubation (train of four (TOF) guarded). Muscle relaxation was maintained throughout the procedure with additional bolus doses of rocuronium 0.15 mg/kg which were administered upon appearance of the second twitch in TOF to maintain neuromuscular block during surgery. Patients were allocated randomly into two equal groups: (group I) received sugammadex 4 mg/kg, and (group II) received neostigmine 0.05 mg/kg and atropine 0.02 mg/kg (group II) as a reversal agent. Assessment of pulmonary function tests on the day before and 30 min after extubation was made. In addition capillary hemoglobin oxygen saturation was measured as well as the reversal time.

Results

The reversal time showed highly significant differences between the two groups: 2.5–3 min in group I versus 21–25.3 min in group II. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) and number of patients unable to perform sustained head elevation for 5 s showed non-significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusion

This study showed that the benefits of sugammadex are superior to those of neostigmine in reversing rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in asthmatic patients undergoing open cholecystectomy.
Do the diversity of plants and sulphur application influence the population fluctuation of insect predator?
Authors: Gesraha Mohamed Ahmed , Ebeid Amany Ramadan , Ali Atef Abd El-Rahman
Published: December 2019

Background

Numerous predatory insects were recorded on different plants; some were fed on the floral nectar and others as visitors. Other insects used any plant as a shelter or associated with their prey. Pollinators and beneficial arthropods suffering from a wide range of chemical pesticides are used. So, seeking for safer alternatives is mandatory to conserve such beneficial arthropods. Sorell-98% is a sulphur formulation which was examined against some insect predators with minimal adverse impacts.

Method

Agricultural Sorell-98% (commercial Sulphur formulation) was applied to protect many crops against some plant diseases and sucking insect pests (aphis, whiteflies, thrips) and mite pests as well. This formulation was applied at a rate of 30 kg/Feddan after 30 days of plantation. Two rectangular areas (ca. 700 m2each) were chosen to execute experiments. The first area was in a field which was sown with marrow plant, while the second was in an okra field. Each area was partitioned into four equal plots (ca. 75 m2). Similar plots (third area) were done but received no treatments (second control area). Examination of the mean numbers of the natural enemies was recorded at several intervals and was achieved at 7 am. Samples of 50 plants were inspected—on spot—per plot/time interval in the three experimental zones. The mean number of each predator/time interval and percentage of increase and/or decrease was calculated.

Results

Results reveal that the abundance of the target predators was affected indirectly in different cultivated plants after sulphur application, as a result of different plant nature and consequently the population of pests invaded. At all inspection periods, it was observed that the mean numbers and abundance of adult predators on marrow plants was more than that reported in an okra field. Under all inspection times, there was a significant difference between the mean numbers of recorded predators, whereCoccinellaadults recorded the highest mean numbers, followed byChrysoperlaadults.Stethorusadults recorded the least mean number, either before or after sulphur application.

Conclusion

The abundance of any arthropod predators is closely related with their favourable insect prey and did not relate to a certain plant by itself. The three tested adult predators were—to some extent—affliction from the sulphur application.
Applications of sand roasting and baking in the preparation of traditional Indian snacks: nutritional and antioxidant status
Authors: Kora Aruna Jyothi
Published: December 2019

Background

In India, the sand roasting technique is widely used by street food vendors, villagers and cottage industries for making various value-added food products from different cereals, millets and legumes. The traditionally produced sand-roasted products are commonly utilized as ready to eat snacks or for the preparation of various other snacks.

Results

During the high-temperature short-time treatment of sand roasting, the produced products are bestowed with characteristics such as higher puffing, crispiness, volume, and improved color, aroma, flavor and texture. In terms of nutrition, the roasting process enhances the carbohydrate and protein digestibility, β-glucan extractability, levels of dietary fiber, minerals, and antioxidants and reduces the inherent antinutrients levels in cereals and legumes. In addition, the complete destruction of seed microflora enhances the shelf life and thus consumer acceptance. The sand-roasted products act as prebiotic dietary fiber and serves as an alternative to polished grains for the consumers. Thus, the simplest, inexpensive, traditional sand roasting method of dry heat application is used for making precooked ready to eat weaning foods and preparation of cost-effective dietary pediatric and geriatric formulations. The technique is also employed for roasting various beans, fryums, nut, and pulse decortication and as a pretreatment process for tamarind kernel powder production, while the sand baking method is widely used for baking cakes, vegetables, meat, fish, eggs and starchy tubers.

Conclusions

The techniques of sand roasting and baking are gaining importance as cheap, effective, oil-free, healthier ways of cooking. However, further studies are needed on micronutrient availability and functional food development for community nutritional disorders. Also, the residual silica levels and difficult working environment mandates the development of energy-efficient and high-output-orientated technologies such as continuous, microwave, and fluidized bed roasters.
The clinical importance of color Doppler ultrasonography in puncture related complications of hemodialysis vascular access
Authors: Hassan Mohammed H. , Abdelrazek Ghada M. , Hashim Abdelkader A.
Published: December 2019

Background

The long-term survival of patients on hemodialysis (HD) is dependent on adequate HD which depends on quality and degree of functionality of vascular access. The aim of our study is to detect the role of color Doppler ultrasonography in evaluation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

Materials and methods

Between January 2017 and October 2017, 60 patients had complicated AVF at Qena General Hospital & Qena University Hospital as primary and tertiary centers respectively with the same age group between 18 and 50 years old, had no diabetes mellitus were evaluated using color duplex-Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) after AVF maturation for detection of complications and comparison between primary and tertiary centers of its incidence.

Results

The overall results revealed that 11 patients from 30 patients that had been referred to tertiary centers have complicated AVF (36.7%), and 19 patients had no shunt complication (63.3%). Twenty-two patients from 30 patients that had been referred to primary HD centers had complicated shunts. Thrombosis at tertiary centers represents 13.3%, stenosis 3.3% (1 patient), aneurysmal formation had 6.6% for (2 patients), hematoma 6.6%(2 patients), infection 3.3% (1 patient), venous hypertension 3.3% (1 patient), thrombosis and hematoma at primary centers 16.6% (5 patients for each), aneurysmal formation and infection 13.3% for each, and stenosis 10%.

Conclusions

CDUS is a readily-available, non-invasive, risk-free, bed-side technique that allows precise anatomic knowledge, qualitative, and quantitative data of the upper limb vascular system which greatly help in preoperative planning of AVF creation, assessment of prime time for puncture (maturation), early detection of complications, and choice of appropriate therapeutic procedure for their treatment.
The Association between Fast Increase in Bone Turnover During the Menopause Transition and Subsequent Fracture
Authors: Shieh Albert , Greendale Gail A , Cauley Jane A , Karlamangla Arun S
Published: December 2019

Context

Bone turnover increases rapidly during the menopause transition (MT) and plateaus above premenopausal levels in early postmenopause. It is uncertain whether higher bone turnover is associated with fracture in midlife women with near-normal bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective

Examine whether faster increases in bone turnover during the MT (2 years before to 2 years after the final menstrual period [FMP]), and greater bone turnover during early postmenopause (≥2 years after the FMP) are risk factors for subsequent fracture, accounting for BMD.

Design and Setting

The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, a longitudinal cohort study of the MT.

Participants

A total of 484 women (initially pre- or early perimenopausal, who transitioned to postmenopause) with bone turnover (urine collagen type I N-telopeptide), BMD, and fracture data.

Main Outcome Measure

Incident fracture after the MT.

Results

Adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, fracture before the MT, cigarette use, body mass index, and study site in Cox proportional hazards regression, each SD increment in the rate of increase in bone turnover during the MT was associated with 24% greater hazard of incident fracture in postmenopause (P = .008). Accounting for the same covariates, each SD increment in bone turnover during early postmenopause was associated with a 27% greater hazard of fracture (P = .01). Associations remained significant after controlling for MT rate of change and early postmenopausal level of BMD.

Conclusion

Faster increases in bone turnover during the MT and greater bone turnover in early postmenopause forecast future fractures.
Anesthetic Management of an Adult Patient With Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome Undergoing Laparoscopic Colectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Yoshikawa Mizuki , Shinomura Tetsutaro , Kishimoto Kaya , Uga Hisatoshi
Published: December 2019

Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hyaline fibrous depositions in the skin and internal organs. Contractured joints and gingival hypertrophy make airway management difficult in patients with HFS, while trunk deformities complicate surgical positioning. A 56-year-old woman with HFS underwent laparoscopic colectomy for sigmoid colon cancer. Her airway was secured by awake fiberoptic intubation, and general anesthesia was maintained uneventfully. This report discusses the oldest reported patient with HFS and is the first to describe the management of epidural anesthesia in a patient with HFS.
An Unusual Cause of Intraoperative Hemodynamic Instability Complicating Elective Mastectomy With Immediate Free Flap Reconstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Young Bruce , Chamos Christos , Fitzwilliams Ben , Desai Neel
Published: December 2019

Extrinsic compression of the heart consequent to intrapleural fluid is a rare cause of cardiac tamponade. Cases of massive hemothorax resulting in external cardiac tamponade due to injury of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) following blunt or penetrating trauma have been described in the literature. Here, we present a case of iatrogenic injury to the right ITA complicating mastectomy and deep inferior epigastric perforator flap reconstruction. It manifested as hemodynamic instability that persisted despite aggressive fluid resuscitation. Investigation with an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated cardiac tamponade secondary to a massive hemothorax which resolved following surgical placement of an intercostal drain.
Accurate measurement of fast endocytic recycling kinetics in real time
Authors: Jonker Caspar T. H. , Deo Claire , Zager Patrick J. , Tkachuk Ariana N. , Weinstein Alan M. , Rodriguez-Boulan Enrique , Lavis Luke D. , Schreiner Ryan
Published: December 2019

The fast turnover of membrane components through endocytosis and recycling allows precise control of the composition of the plasma membrane. Endocytic recycling can be rapid, with some molecules returning to the plasma membrane with a half time <5 min. Existing methods to study these trafficking pathways utilize chemical, radioactive or fluorescent labeling of cell surface receptors in pulse-chase experiments, which require tedious washing steps and manual collection of samples. Here, we introduce a live-cell endocytic recycling assay based on a newly designed cell-impermeable fluorogenic ligand for HaloTag, Janelia Fluor 635i (JF635i, where i indicates impermeant), which allows real-time detection of membrane receptor recycling at steady state. We used this method to study the effect of iron depletion on transferrin receptor (TfR) recycling using the chelator desferrioxamine. We found that this perturbation significantly increases the TfR recycling rate. The high temporal resolution and simplicity of this assay provides a clear advantage over extant methods and makes it ideal for large scale cellular imaging studies. This assay can be adapted to examine other cellular kinetic parameters such as protein turnover and biosynthetic trafficking.
Nanopore long reads enable the first complete genome assembly of a Malaysian Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolate bearing the pVa plasmid associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease
Authors: Gan Han Ming , Austin Christopher M
Published: December 2019

Background: The genome of Vibrio parahaemolyticus MVP1, isolated from a Malaysian aquaculture farm with shrimp acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), was previously sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and assembled de novo, producing a relatively fragmented assembly. Despite identifying the binary toxin genes in the MVP1 draft genome that were linked to AHPND, the toxin genes were localized on a very small contig precluding proper analysis of gene neighbourhood.

Methods: The genome of MVP1 was sequenced on Nanopore MinION to obtain long reads to improve genome contiguity. De novo genome assembly was performed using long-read only assembler followed by genome polishing and hybrid assembler.

Results: Long-read assembly produced three complete circular MVP1 contigs: chromosome 1, chromosome 2 and the pVa plasmid encoding pirABvp binary toxin genes. Polishing of the long-read assembly with Illumina short reads was necessary to remove indel errors. Complete assembly of the pVa plasmid could not be achieved using Illumina reads due to identical repetitive elements flanking the binary toxin genes leading to multiple contigs. These regions were fully spanned by the Nanopore long-reads resulting in a single contig. Alignment of Illumina reads to the complete genome assembly indicated there is sequencing bias as read depth was lowest in low-GC genomic regions. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a gene cluster coding for additional insecticidal toxins in chromosome 2 of MVP1 that may further contribute to host pathogenesis pending functional validation. Scanning of publicly available V. parahaemolyticus genomes revealed the presence of a single AinS-family quorum-sensing system that can be targeted for future microbial management.

Conclusions: We generated the first chromosome-scale genome assembly of a Malaysian pirABVp-bearing V. parahaemolyticus isolate. Structural variations identified from comparative genomic analysis provide new insights into the genomic features of V. parahaemolyticus MVP1 that may be associated with host colonization and pathogenicity.
Elevated eosinophil levels observed in infantile hemangioma patients from Kaifeng, China
Authors: Li Xianglei , Ma Chunyan , Xu Jiaoyang , Gao Biao , Steele Michael , Idris Adi
Published: December 2019

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is one of the most common soft-tissue neoplasms of infancy. Although clinical diagnosis for IH is well-established, the haematological parameters associated with IH are not well explored. In this short study, we observed significantly higher eosinophil (EO) numbers in IH patient blood compared to healthy controls. This contributed to the observed higher EO % in the peripheral blood of IH patients and was irrespective of age. This new haematological finding could carry a potential diagnostic/prognostic relevance for IH.
Stage 1 Registered Report: The experiences and perceptions of parent-child interaction therapy for parents of young children with communication difficulties: A qualitative evidence synthesis protocol
Authors: O'Toole Ciara , Lyons Rena , Ó’Doibhlín Donna , O’Farrell Fia , Houghton Catherine
Published: December 2019

Background: Parent-child interaction therapy is an early intervention for children with speech, language and communication difficulties. It involves training parents and caregivers on the importance of responsivity and language input in daily interactions and coaches them on strategies to implement this with the children. As the success of the intervention is heavily influenced by caregiver engagement, understanding and acceptance, it is important to consider their views. However, to date there has been limited work on synthesizing parental views of this intervention.

Methods: This is a protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis of peer-reviewed papers addressing the experiences and perceptions of parent-child interaction therapy for parents of young children with communication difficulties. We will complete a systematic search of 11 databases, review the reference lists and complete a cited reference search of all included studies. Two authors will independently screen tests for inclusion, initially by title and abstract, with full-text screening as necessary. Thematic synthesis will be used for all included studies. We will appraise the quality of included studies using CASP and confidence in the review findings using GRADE CERQual.

Discussion: The findings from this synthesis will help to guide best practice and policy for the implementation of parent child interaction therapy by considering the views of parents.
German Poetry Discourse in Cognitive and Communicative Internet Space of the XXI Century
Authors: Dacko D.
Published: December 2019

The development of computer technology had a great influence on the structuring of modern discursive practices and led to the introduction of new types of discourse. In particular, the Internet discourse was founded, as well as a number of genres explicated in the Internet space. The purpose of this work is to identify the features of modern German poetry Internet discourse that is an underexplored phenomenon in the context of a cognitive-discursive paradigm. The author deals with the actual questions of study of dichotomy “discourse — (Internet) text” of the poetry discourse, Attention is also focused on Flarf poetry, Google Lyrik, Found poetry, Spoetry / Spam poetry - the main genres presented in German Internet space based on “ready made” technology.
Special Strategies of Forming Fictional Narrative Metadiscourse
Authors: Fedotova Oksana
Published: December 2019

The paper deals with special strategies of forming fictional narrative metadiscourse. The strategy of “the effect of a camera” is characteristic of some novels of the middle XX century. According to this strategy, the action quickly shifts from one situational frame to the other. Every new chapter in such narratives begins in a new place, at a different time and with a new character. Sometimes different actions take place within one chapter. The strategy “the imitation of a play” like “the effect of a camera” is connected with the visualization and with the filming of fiction. The author’s metadiscourse is represented by leaving the reader face-to-face with the characters. The reader sees and hears the dialogue between the characters with minute details, such as pauses, stutters and hesitations.
História da Matemática no Ensino
Authors: Carvalho João Bosco Pitombeira Fernandes de
Published: December 2019

Neste trabalho, comentaremos inicialmente o uso da história da matemática no ensino e, em particular, teceremos algumas considerações sobre o emprego de fontes primárias para isto.Em seguida, estudaremos um exemplo específico, mostrando alguns problemas de seu uso, o método de máximos e mínimos de Fermat.
Necessidades humanas básicas alteradas em neonatos com cateter central de inserção periférica
Authors: Prado Nanete Caroline Da Costa , Santos Rebecca Stefany Da Costa , Lima Dhyanine Morais de , Góis Mariana Melo Da Cruz Domingos , Costa Romanniny Hévillyn Silva , Da Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: identificar as necessidades humanas básicas alteradas nos neonatos com cateter central de inserção periférica em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, à luz da Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas. Método: estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 108 recém-nascidos em uma maternidade do Nordeste brasileiro entre os meses de fevereiro e dezembro de 2017. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi um roteiro de anamnese e exame físico. Os resultados foram analisados por meio da Teoria de Wanda Horta. Resultados: foram identificadas dez necessidades alteradas, com destaque para as mais prevalentes: integridade cutâneo-mucosa, ambiente, nutrição, hidratação, oxigenação e atenção. Conclusão: a identificação das necessidades humanas básicas alteradas nos neonatos com cateter central de inserção periférica pode subsidiar a elaboração de um plano de cuidados baseado em evidências e direcionado para essa população.
O MODELO DO CORPO NA FILOSOFIA DE ESPINOSA E A PEDAGOGIA DO COMUM: CONVERSAS COM QUEM GOSTA DE GELEIA DE GROSELHA
Authors: Paquiela Givigi Luiz Renato
Published: December 2019

Este texto tem o objetivo de investigar as relações entre mente, corpo, conhecimento e afetividade na obra do filósofo holandês Bento de Espinosa (1632-1677). Busca-se, a partir deste exercício de apreensão conceitual, pensar o estatuto do corpo em sua obra, levantando algumas implicações dessa compreensão para a prática pedagógica. Por extensão, pretende-se articular Espinosa ao tema da educação em geral, vinculação pouco explorada quando comparada a outros pensadores clássicos da história da filosofia. Espinosa não possui uma teoria sobre a educação, no sentido pedagógico tradicional; o tema é pouco mencionado explicitamente em sua obra. Procura-se analisar este problema, levantando algumas pistas para a formulação de um éthos pedagógico inspirado em sua filosofia.
IVALDO BERTAZZO, O MESTRE DO GESTO EXPRESSIVO: UM OLHAR PARA O CORPO E O MOVIMENTO NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Alves Adriana Andrade
Published: December 2019

O estudo do corpo na educação, enquanto elemento básico da formação e transformação do sujeito, raramente atravessa os processos formativos - docentes e discentes - e isso reflete a persistência de um lugar de silenciamento do corpo no cenário educacional. O corpo docilizado de Foucault (2009) é, ainda, uma realidade presente em muitas escolas brasileiras e isso reflete o quanto a educação precisa se movimentar nesse campo de discussão e ação. Atualmente já dispomos de estudos e práticas provenientes de diferentes áreas de conhecimento  - arte, dança, teatro, antropologia, biologia, filosofia, medicina, multiculturalismo etc.- que vêm contribuindo para contrapor à visão mecanicista do corpo, que o formatou segundo uma economia produtivista,  perspectivas outras que reorientam a compreensão do corpo a partir do protagonismo do mesmo nas interações com o mundo e na construção de realidades existenciais mais viáveis à vida humana e planetária. Os estudos de Ivaldo Bertazzo acerca da reeducação do corpo aparecem como um campo de investigação e conhecimento importantes para mobilizar o olhar para o corpo dinâmico, vívido, sensível e cognoscente na educação. Ao longo dos seus mais de 30 anos de pesquisa e estudo, “uma vida inteira dedicada a isso” como o mestre sublinha, desenvolveu um sólido trabalho na educação do corpo e transformação do gesto a partir da investigação do funcionamento do aparelho locomotor e da biomecânica humana, que culminou na criação da Escola do Movimento em 1975 e no desenvolvimento do Método Bertazzo.
O “Terrorismo Islâmico” sob a ótica do Construtivismo e do Pós-colonialismo | The “Islamic Terrorism” from the standpoint of the Constructivism and the Post-colonialism
Authors: Affonso Luiza Bizzo , Marreiro Matheus Moraes Alves
Published: December 2019

Este artigo introduz duas perspectivas críticas no debate sobre o terrorismo, buscando apresentar algumas críticas acerca da categoria, definida na literatura como o novo “terrorismo islâmico”. Portanto, o objetivo desse artigo é aplicar a teoria construtivista crítica e o pós-colonialismo relacionadas a categoria do “terrorismo islâmico”, buscando repensar algumas premissas estabelecidas pela literatura tradicional. Para tal, busca-se investigar, em um primeiro momento, as diferenciações entre um terrorismo tradicional e o novo terrorismo pautado na religião. Posteriormente, será analisado o “terrorismo islâmico a partir das duas teorias propostas. Palavras-chave: Terrorismo Islâmico; Construtivismo; Pós-colonialismo.ABSTRACTThis article introduces two critical perspectives in the debate on terrorism, seeking to present some criticism about the category defined in the literature as the new “Islamic terrorism”. Therefore, the goal of the article is to apply the critical constructivism and the post-colonial theory related to the “Islamic terrorism” category, seeking rethink some premises established by the traditional literature. For this, it seeks to investigate, in the first moment, the differentiations between an old terrorism and the new terrorism, which is based on the religion. Subsequently, “Islamic terrorism” will be analyzed by the two proposed theories.Keywords: Islamic Terrorism; Constructivism; Post-Colonialism.Recebido em 11/02/2019 | Aceito em 10/12/2019
“Cantigas de Santa Maria” (Séc. XIII): intersecções entre História e Relações Internacionais | "Cantigas de Santa Maria" (XIII century): intersections between History and International Relations
Authors: Montenegro Renan Holanda , Andrade Gustavo De Oliveira
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo investiga o contexto histórico e político do mundo medieval ibérico sob a perspectiva do Reino de Castela e Leão por meio de uma análise das Cantigas de Santa Maria (CSM), conhecida compilação de conteúdo trovadoresco publicada ao longo do reinado de Afonso X (1252-1284). Questões envolvendo o processo interno de centralização régia, as relações entre cristãos e muçulmanos e o equilíbrio de poder na Península são discutidas de forma mais detida. Com isso, espera-se avançar no debate interdisciplinar entre História e Relações Internacionais.Palavras-chave: Península Ibérica; Afonso X; Cantigas de Santa Maria.ABSTRACTThis article investigates the historical and political context of the medieval Iberian world from the perspective of the Kingdom of Castile and Leon through an analysis of the Cantigas de Santa Maria (CSM), a well-known compilation of troubadour content published throughout the reign of Alfonso X (1252-1284). Issues involving the internal process of royal centralization, Christian-Muslim relations, and the balance of power on the Peninsula are discussed more deeply. With this endeavor, we hope to advance in the interdisciplinary debate between History and International Relations.Keywords: Iberian Peninsula; Alfonso X; Cantigas de Santa Maria.Recebido em 23 abr. 2019 | Aceito em 12 nov. 2019
MBYÁ GUARANI EM BUSCA DO YVY MARÃE‟Y: MÚLTIPLOS LUGARES E TEMPOS, DIFERENTES CONTEXTOS E ESPAÇOS, TRILHANDO SONHOS E ESPERANÇAS[1]
Authors: Ivarra Ortiz Rosalvo , Martins Machado Almires
Published: December 2019

Torna-se axiomático que não há uma linearidade no que tange a interiorização, a dispersão e a caminhada Guarani a posteriori ao processo de colonização, onde ocorreram somente sob o signo de “relutância” a essa ou por outras indagações, como dissensos internos ou motivação cosmológica, assim como se o Oguatá (caminhar/andar/percorrer) trancorriam antes da chegada dos colonizadores e se aconteciam, quais seriam as razões/causas/motivos? Para possíveis respostas vem a luz a contribuição de Pompa (2004), que através da contextualização e historicização dos trabalhos clássicos da etnologia Tupi-Guarani do início do século XX, critica a resposta elaborada por Métraux (1967) que apresentou os Tupinambá ou Tupi do período colonial- os Guarani do Paraguai e do Sul do Brasil, como possuidores de um único sistema, no qual a narrativa da terra sem mal e o messianismo são considerados como elementos irredutíveis. Assim, a crítica refere-se à utilização que o autor faz de dados de etnografias do começo do século XX, especialmente de Curt Nimuendaju, ([1914]-1987), para preencher hiatos nas fontes históricas dos séculos XVI e XVII, nos relatos de missionários, aventureiros e viajantes- portanto, pressupõe a existência desse sistema, a considerar que insiste na importância da força religiosa pela busca dessa tão sonhada terra, aponta como sendo o fato motivador das migrações realizadas pelos Tupi-Guarani durante esse primeiro período de contato. É nesse sentido que o presente artigo segue, levanta uma série de questões geográficas, históricas e antropológicas acerca dos Guarani Mbyá da Amazônia Meridional paraense, sobretudo, mas também perpassam pelos Guarani de Mato Grosso do Sul e os Guarani praieiros de São Paulo.
RAMIRO LADEIRO MONTEIRO E OS MUSSEQUES DE LUANDA: A ANTROPOLOGIA A SERVIÇO DO COLONIALISMO PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Da Silva Guimarães Rogerio
Published: December 2019

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar as representações sociais sobre os musseques erigidas na obra A Família nos musseques de Luanda: Subsídios para o seu Estudo, de Ramiro Ladeiro Monteiro. Para cumprir tal desiderato, evidenciamos a relação entre o discurso proferido pelo autor na obra e sua ocupação no governo colonialista. Ou seja, como os musseques têm suas representações forjadas por um agente colonial, que se debruçou antropologicamente sobre aquelas localidades para dar-lhes uma cientificidade ainda inexistente nas ciências humanas. Ressaltamos que as representações sociais sobre os musseques produziram estratégias e práticas (sociais e políticas) que visavam, neste caso, legitimar um projeto reformador.
Tackling diabetes management in patients with dementia: the use of continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: December 2019

A study analysing the use of continuous glucose monitoring through sensors in older patients with diabetes and dementia has produced positive results, providing a potential solution for future care and disease management. Sarah Jane Palmer explains
Field Validation of Seed Meter Performance at Varying Seeding Rates and Ground Speeds
Authors: Virk Simerjeet S. , Porter Wesley M , Fulton John P. , Pate Gregory L
Published: December 2019

Abstract. High planter performance requires achieving near-perfect seed meter performance in the field during planting. In-field meter performance can be impacted by several factors including meter setup, ground speed, seeding rate, planter vibration, and field conditions. A study was conducted to evaluate the field performance of two different seed meters (John Deere Standard and Precision Planting eSet) at varying seeding rates and ground speeds during planting. Study treatments consisted of planting corn at seeding rates of 49,000, 59,000, 69,000, 79,000, and 89,000 seeds ha-1 at four different ground speeds of 6.1, 7.1, 8.2, and 9.5 km h-1. These ground speeds and seeding rates were implemented in a strip-split plot design in the field with seeding rates blocked within the individual ground speed replications. Field tests were performed by uploading a variable-rate seeding prescription map into the planter rate controller and then travelling at the desired ground speed for each planter pass. Field data collection consisted of measuring plant population and plant spacing in the plots separately for each seed meter. Meter performance was evaluated by computing percent skips, multiples, singulation, coefficient of variation (CV), and crop emergence from the field data. Statistical analysis on field data suggested that the percent skips, singulation, CV, and crop emergence were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the seeding rate, and the ground speed did not have any significant (p>0.05) effect on these variables. The percent multiples and CV values also differed significantly (p<0.05) between the John Deere Standard and Precision Planting eSet meter at different ground speed and seeding rate treatments. The percent skips (0.5-3.8%) observed in the field data were, on average, higher than the percent multiples (0.0-1.8%) for both seed meters. The percent skips in general decreased with an increase in the seeding rate whereas no particular trend was observed in the percent multiples. The singulation values varied between 96.0% and 99.4%, and they were not statistically different between the seed meters. The percent CV values increased with an increase in the seeding rate indicating higher variability in plant spacing with increases in the seeding rate. The mean percent emergence for both seed meters ranged from 92.8% to 99.3%, and it was influenced by the seeding rate for the JD Standard meter. A weak association (R2 values between 0.2028 and 0.6587) between the meter performance parameters (percent skips, singulation, and CV) and the meter speed was determined for both seed meters. Results from the study suggested that meter performance was significantly affected by the seeding rate, and the type of seed meter had a significant impact on percent multiples and CV (plant spacing) values attained during planting. Keywords: Field performance, Ground speed, Meter speed, Seed meter, Seeding rate.
Isosbestic light absorption by metallic dimers: effect of interparticle electromagnetic coupling
Authors: Ma L. X. , Wang C. C.
Published: December 2019

Isosbestic plasmonic nanostructures, which feature an invariance of optical absorption and heat generation upon varying the incident light polarization, have broad application in many fields such as nanochemistry, optical nanoantennas, and microbubble formation. In this study, we focus on the isosbestic optical absorption by metallic dimers and systematically investigate the coupling between two interacting particles by using both the superposition T-matrix method and dipole approximation model. We observe that the interparticle coupling effects on particle absorption can be both positive and negative, compared to an isolated particle. Meanwhile, the optical absorption properties of spheres with small size parameters can realize more flexible control through changing the sphere size, interparticle distance, and incident light wavelength. For illuminations with incident light propagating perpendicularly to the line joining the centers of the two spheres, isosbestic conditions will be satisfied as long as the absorption efficiencies for transverse and longitudinal illuminations are equal. For transverse illuminations along the dimer axis, the ratio of absorption efficiency of the two metallic spheres presents the fluctuation change with the interparticle distance. Owing to the strong interparticle coupling effects, it even leads to the absorption efficiency of the far sphere being higher than that of the near sphere. Our results are aimed at expanding our understanding of the interparticle electromagnetic coupling effects on isosbestic light absorption in plasmonic nanoparticle systems.
Model calibration by multi-null constraint for an optical freeform surface adaptive interferometer
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhou Sheng , Li Jingsong , Yu Benli , Chen Jian , Zhao Jianhua
Published: December 2019

Model calibration is performed for an adaptive freeform surface interferometer (AFI). In view of the non-unique null configuration in AFI, the multi-null constraint (MNC) calibration method is proposed to address error coupling in the null configuration modeling. The final figure error of the tested surface can be extracted together with the coupling parameters. The performance of the MNC method is evaluated in simulations and experiments. The higher accuracy is proved after the MNC calibration. This calibration is preparation for the subsequent system instrumentation.
Mechanisms and optimization for the rapid fabrication method of polymeric microlens arrays
Authors: Gain Asit Kumar , Zhang Liangchi
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a simple and cost-effective rapid method to make defect-free polymeric microlens arrays at room temperature without applying external pressure. This method uses an optically clear and high-transparency Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA) monomer solution. This is realized by using a combination of a mold and an ultraviolet (UV) polymerization technique. NOA can cross-link in a tenth of a second upon UV exposure. The uniformity and surface quality of the manufactured microlens arrays are investigated through atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy techniques. Experimental results show that the microlens arrays manufactured by the polymerization process are of very high quality without any defects. Further, the surface quality of the lenses can be significantly enhanced by increasing the viscosity of the photosensitive monomer solution.
Effective detection of weak terahertz pulses in electro-optic sampling at kilohertz repetition rate
Authors: Krauspe Philipp , Banerji Natalie , Réhault Julien
Published: December 2019

The standard terahertz (THz) detection mechanism known as electro-optic sampling can be improved in sensitivity by biasing the polarization of the sampling field. In this work, we show theoretically and experimentally how weak signals can be amplified without inducing distortions. Our study identifies the influence of THz field strength, the polarization quality, and biasing amplitude on signal amplification and distortion. Here we present a distortion-free amplification of a factor of 28 while at the same time reducing the measurement time significantly.
Dual-image multiple-beam fringes of equal chromatic order for dynamic characterization of fibers
Authors: Hamza A. A. , Raslan M. I.
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we present a modification of one of the common systems for producing multiple-beam fringes of equal chromatic order (FECO). This modification allows us to capture two FECO patterns of different polarizations simultaneously during dynamic investigations of fibers. Using this modified system, the dispersion curves in cases of parallel and perpendicular polarizations can be measured simultaneously. Also, dispersion of birefringence values along the visible spectrum can be calculated using a single FECO pattern.
Strain and temperature discrimination based on a Sagnac interferometer with three sections of high birefringence fibers
Authors: Ding Zhichao , Tan Zhongwei
Published: December 2019

We present an all-fiber sensor for strain and temperature discrimination by inserting three sections of high birefringence fibers into a Sagnac loop. The principle for strain and temperature discrimination is based on monitoring the wavelength shifts of two different resonant dips that show different sensitivities to temperature and strain. The sensitivities for strain and temperature are measured to be

−

0.93

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m

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and 21 pm/µɛ with discriminative errors of

±

0.3

∘

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and

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. The proposed sensor with high sensitivity, simple configuration, and low cost may be a promising candidate for various strain and temperature-sensing applications.
Two-dimensional random access multiphoton spatial frequency modulated imaging
Authors: Allende Motz Alyssa M. , Czerski John , Adams Daniel E. , Durfee Charles , Bartels Randy , Field Jeff , Hoy Christopher L. , Squier Jeff
Published: December 2019

Spatial frequency modulated imaging (SPIFI) enables the use of an extended excitation source for linear and nonlinear imaging with single element detection. To date, SPIFI has only been used with fixed excitation source geometries. Here, we explore the potential for the SPIFI method when a spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to program the excitation source, opening the door to a more versatile, random access imaging environment. In addition, an in-line, quantitative pulse compensation and measurement scheme is demonstrated using a new technique, spectral phase and amplitude retrieval and compensation (SPARC). This enables full characterization of the light exposure conditions at the focal plane of the random access imaging system, an important metric for optimizing, and reporting imaging conditions within specimens.
Composite material anti-resonant optical fiber electromodulator with a 3.5  dB depth
Authors: Lewis Adam H. , De Lucia Francesco , Belardi Walter , Huang Chung-Che , Hayes John R. , Poletti Francesco , Hewak Dan , Sazio Pier J. A.
Published: December 2019

The hollow regions of an anti-resonant fiber (ARF) offer an excellent template for the deposition of functional materials. When the optical properties of such materials can be modified via external stimuli, it offers a method to control the transmission properties of the fiber device. In this Letter, we show that the integration of a

M
o
S

2

film into the ARF voids allows the fiber to act as an electro-optical modulator. We record a maximum modulation depth of 3.5 dB at 744 nm, with an average insertion loss of 7.5 dB.
3D holographic light shaping for advanced multiphoton polymerization
Authors: Manousidaki Maria , Papazoglou Dimitrios G. , Farsari Maria , Tzortzakis Stelios
Published: December 2019

A three-dimensional (3D) holographic focal volume engineering method is proposed and employed for advanced multiphoton polymerization. A large number of foci are closely positioned in space according to a designed geometry, avoiding undesired interference effects by phase engineering. Through all-optical micro-displacements in space, the discrete foci bundle leads to the realization of complete 3D arbitrary structures. The microstructures are fabricated by direct laser writing without additional optical or mechanical motion support. We report a 20-times faster fabrication time in comparison to point-by-point laser polymerization techniques.
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Single-Gene Diseases: The Next Frontier
Authors: Scotchman Elizabeth , Chandler Natalie J , Mellis Rhiannon , Chitty Lyn S
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is present in the maternal blood from around 4 weeks gestation and makes up 5%–20% of the total circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma. Presence of cffDNA has allowed development of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for single-gene disorders. This can be performed from 9 weeks gestation and offers a definitive diagnosis without the miscarriage risk associated with invasive procedures. One of the major challenges is distinguishing fetal mutations in the high background of maternal cfDNA, and research is currently focusing on the technological advances required to solve this problem.

CONTENT

Here, we review the literature to describe the current status of NIPD for monogenic disorders and discuss how the evolving methodologies and technologies are expected to impact this field in both the commercial and public healthcare setting.

NIPD for single-gene diseases was first reported in 2000 and took 12 years to be approved for use in a public health service. Implementation has remained slow but is expected to increase as this testing becomes cheaper, faster, and more accurate. There are still many technical and analytical challenges ahead, and it is vital that discussions surrounding the ethical and social impact of NIPD take account of the considerations required to implement these services safely into the healthcare setting, while keeping up with the technological advances.
Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Budelier Melissa M , Bateman Randall J
Published: December 2019

Background

Alzheimer disease (AD) was once a clinical diagnosis confirmed by postmortem autopsy. Today, with the development of AD biomarkers, laboratory assays to detect AD pathology are able to complement clinical diagnosis in symptomatic individuals with uncertain diagnosis. A variety of commercially available assays are performed as laboratory-developed tests, and many more are in development for both clinical and research purposes.

Content

The role of laboratory medicine in diagnosing and managing AD is expanding; thus, it is important for laboratory professionals and ordering physicians to understand the strengths and limitations of both existing and emerging AD biomarker assays. In this review, we will provide an overview of the diagnosis of AD, discuss existing laboratory assays for AD and their recommended use, and examine the clinical performance of emerging AD biomarkers.

The field of AD biomarker discovery and assay development is rapidly evolving, with recent studies promising to improve both the diagnosis of symptomatic individuals and enrollment and monitoring of asymptomatic individuals in research studies. However, care must be taken to ensure proper use and interpretation of these assays. For clinical purposes, these assays are meant to aid in diagnosis but are not themselves diagnostic. For individuals without symptoms, AD biomarker tests are still only appropriate for research purposes. Additionally, there are analytical challenges that require careful attention, especially for longitudinal use of AD tests.