bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Autosomal Dominant Spinocerebellar Ataxias in Latin America: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Galecio-Castillo Milagros , Gutierrez-Arratia Jesus , Abad-Murillo Alonso , Sarapura-Castro Elison , Illanes-Manrique Maryenela , Araujo-Aliaga Ismael , Saldarriaga-Mayo Ana , Cornejo-Olivas Mario
Published: February 2025

The Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCAs) are a group of autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, affecting motor coordination. SCAs are reported globally with large geographical and ethnic differences. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to update the frequency, and geographic distribution of SCAs in Latin America, including recently identified SCAs like SCA27b. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO and Web of Science databases, including studies published from inception to January 2025. We included 25 studies for the systematic review and 17 studies for the meta-analysis that met the inclusion criteria, representing a total of 5,546 participants across eleven countries. Our meta-analysis revealed that about 61% (95% CI 31–84%) of hereditary ataxias in Latin America were confirmed to have a genetic diagnosis of SCA. The included participants with a known SCA have the following proportions: MJD/SCA3 (34%), SCA2 (30%), SCA10 (9%), SCA7 (9%) and SCA1 (4%). Geographic distributions were notable, MJD/SCA3 in Brazil, SCA2 in Cuba, Argentina and Mexico, SCA10 predominating in Peru, and SCA7 in Venezuela. Recently identified subtypes, like SCA27B and one case of SCA4, were identified in Brazil. In 22 countries there are no published studies on the epidemiology of SCAs. The distribution of SCAs in Latin America reflects the influence of historical migrations, founder effects, and ancestries, emphasizing regional heterogeneity. Our findings underscore the critical need for further epidemiological studies, particularly in understudied countries in the region.
Enhanced Tomato Leaf Disease Classification and Localization using Advanced Feature Extraction and Transfer Learning
Authors: Buchke Pratik , Mayuri A. V.R.
Published: February 2025

Tomato plants are susceptible to various diseases that significantly impact crop yield and quality. Accurate and timely identification of these diseases is crucial for effective management and mitigation. This study presents a deep learning-based methodology for enhancing disease prediction, classification, and precise localization of affected areas within tomato leaves. The proposed approach leverages a combination of statistical, texture (Tamura and GLCM), geometry, and color features extracted from leaf images. To further enrich feature representation, wavelet analysis is employed. The model not only classifies ten prevalent tomato diseases but also estimates the proportion of affected leaf area, providing valuable insights for disease severity assessment. Evaluated on a dataset comprising 10,000 images, our model achieves remarkable accuracy of 99.50%. This robust performance underscores the efficacy of our approach in accurate disease diagnosis, benefitting farmers and researchers by enabling prompt intervention and efficient disease management strategies.
Tele-Rehabilitation for Older Adults: Assessing Effectiveness in Home Recovery After Hip and Pelvic Fractures
Authors: ALI KHAN AKHTAR , Xiaohe Ling , Li Wenkai , Xia Chengyan , Huang Hui
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: With the increasing incidence of hip and pelvic fractures among the aging population, traditional rehabilitation methods may lack accessibility, necessitating the exploration of tele-rehabilitation as an effective alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of tele-rehabilitation (TR) in older patients with hip or pelvic fractures during home rehabilitation.
Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted on 70 patients admitted to a home rehabilitation service for femoral or pelvic fracture between January and November 2022. Tele-rehabilitation was provided using tablets and exercise apps via videoconferencing. Demographic characteristics, functional levels, therapy session numbers, TR usage, reasons for non-acceptance, and patient experience were collected.
Results: Of the 70 patients, 40 (57.1%) received TR. Patients who did not accept TR were older, frailer, and more likely to be female. The TR group achieved significant improvements in functional independence measure (FIM) and De Morton's Mobility Index (DEMMI) scores. On average, participants had 14.8 (± 7.5) home visits, but only 3.6 (± 2.2) sessions were delivered via TR. The TR group also had a shorter length of stay in the home rehabilitation service. Twenty-two patients (55%) completed the System Usability Scale (SUS), and the mean score was 76 (± 18), indicating satisfactory usability.
Conclusion: TR was acceptable to a significant portion of hip and pelvic fracture patients and could achieve clinically important functional gains. However, face-to-face visits remained the preferred mode of delivery. Further research is needed to address the barriers to TR uptake and improve its utilization.
Long read whole genome sequencing-based discovery of complex structural variants and their role in aetiology of non-syndromic autism spectrum disorder in India
Authors: Shah Jhanvi , Mondal Debasrija , Jain Deepika , Mhatre Priti , Patel Ketan , Iyer Anand , Pandya Manoj , Menghani Bhargavi , Dave Gayatri , Sheth Jayesh , Sheth Frenny , Ramdas Shweta , Sheth Harsh
Published: February 2025

Background: Despite having heritability estimates of 80%, approximately 50% cases of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remain without a genetic diagnosis. Complex structural variants (SVs) detected using long-read genome sequencing are a relatively new class of variants implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Short read sequencing (SRS) and chromosomal microarray (CMA) are unable to resolve these SVs due to their inherent technological limitations. This study was aimed to detect and delineate the role of SVs in children with non-syndromic ASDs using long read whole genome sequencing (lrWGS) in whom prior traditional genetic tests did not yield a definitive genetic diagnosis.
Methods: A total of 23 patients with no prior genetic diagnosis from karyotyping, Fragile-X analysis, CMA and short read whole exome sequencing (srWES) were selected for lrWGS using Oxford Nanopore based sequencing platform. All samples were sequenced at an average coverage of ~10x. Contigs generated from high accuracy base calling were aligned against GRCh38/hg38 human reference genome build. SVs were called using five variant callers- Sniffles2, cuteSV, NanoVar SVIM and npInv, and annotated using AnnotSV. Concordant calls across at least three variant callers were filtered and prioritized for downstream analysis. Candidate variants were validated by orthogonal methods.
Results: A total of 46 low pass long read sequencing runs were performed for the selected 23 samples (two runs/ sample). The N50 read length of 6.74±3.31 kb was obtained across the runs, and on average, approximately 176,432 calls were made across all callers for each sample. The average number of deletions, duplications, insertions, inversions and translocations were 47,375, 2,498, 62,657, 1084 and 62,817, respectively per sample. Of 23 cases, a candidate SV, an inversion of approximately 2.7 Mb in size encompassing SNAP25-AS1 gene was observed. This gene is likely to be involved in the synaptic pathway and has previously been associated with autism.
Conclusion: This is the first study from India to assess the role of complex SVs in the aetiology of non-syndromic ASDs. Despite the small sample size, the study results suggest the limited role of complex SVs in the aetiology of non-syndromic ASD. Dearth of data supporting the role of complex SVs in non-syndromic ASDs in other cohorts from around the world further supports our conclusion. Hence, inclusion of lrWGS in clinical diagnosis for non-syndromic ASD is currently not supported.
Vector Potential Index: Bridging competence and contribution as an integrative measure of relative transmission capability
Authors: Bauer Amely M. , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D. , Reeves Lawrence E. , Alto Barry W. , Campbell Lindsay P.
Published: February 2025

1. Vectorial capacity (VC) is a powerful tool for estimating a species’ importance in the transmission of vector-borne pathogens and predicting impacts of specific control measures on the transmission of those pathogens. However, VC is rarely estimated for zoonotic multi-vector, multi-host vector-borne disease (VBD) systems, due to the inherent difficulties of measuring several parameters, especially biting rate and daily probability of survival. 2. We present the Vector Potential Index (VPI), a novel metric for evaluating and comparing the potential of blood-feeding arthropod vectors to contribute to zoonotic VBD transmission using West Nile virus (WNV) in the eastern United States as a model system. Taking a meta-analysis approach, the VPI combines vector competence and host use data obtained from scientific literature to assign relative and absolute VPI ranks across species and transmission cycles. 3. Our case study of WNV demonstrates that the VPI framework effectively quantifies vector species’ potential to contribute to enzootic and epizootic transmission cycles. Most species exhibited low vector potential and although Aedes species were the most competent WNV vectors in the laboratory, only Culex species were assigned higher VPI ranks. Additionally, the VPI suggests that the contribution of Culex salinarius to WNV transmission in the U.S. may be greater than previously assumed based on assessments of individual parameters. Relative and absolute VPI ranks assigned to species aligned with recent work reviewing their role as vectors in the transmission cycles, indicating that by jointly considering vector competence and host use, the VPI provides a realistic approximation of a vector species’ potential to contribute to VBD transmission in the natural environment. 4. The VPI is a practical and highly versatile metric that is useful either as a stand-alone application or integrated with existing approaches, where it can be used to evaluate and compare vector species across different VBD systems or spatiotemporal scales at the species, population, or community level. We recommend the objective and reproducible VPI as a powerful yet simple tool for scientists and public health practitioners, where this trait-based approach has considerable potential to provide new insights into disease systems and enhance VBD surveillance and intervention strategies.
Analyzing How AI impact Environmental Sustainability: Case Study for USA
Authors: Oluwaseun Ayodele
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the role of private investment in Artificial Intelligence (AI) in promoting environmental sustainability in the United States from 1990 to 2019. It also analyzes the impact of financial globalization, technological innovation, and urbanization by testing the Load Capacity Curve (LCC) hypothesis. The study employs stationarity tests, which indicate that the variables are free from unit root problems and exhibit mixed orders of integration. Using the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model bound test, the study finds that the variables are cointegrated in the long run. The short-run and long-run estimations of the ARDL model confirm the existence of the LCC hypothesis in the United States, revealing a U-shaped relationship between income and load capacity factor. The results show that private investment in AI has a significant positive correlation with the load capacity factor, thus promoting environmental sustainability. Conversely, technological innovation and financial globalization exhibit a negative correlation with the load capacity factor in both the short and long run. To validate the ARDL estimation approach, the study employs Fully Modified OLS, Dynamic OLS, and Canonical Correlation Regression estimation methods, all of which support the ARDL results. Additionally, the Granger Causality test reveals a unidirectional causal relationship from private investment in AI, financial globalization, economic growth, technological innovation, and urbanization to the load capacity factor.
Die Sprechstunde
Authors: Schüttpelz Erhard
Published: February 2025

Nekrolog
Informationen für Autoren
Authors: Jebens Holger
Published: February 2025

Informationen für Autoren
Assessment of the prospects of using chelated forms of zinc to create new types of food products
Authors: Gorbachev V. V. , Nikitin I. A. , Tikhonov S. L. , Balashova M. S. , Tefikova S. N. , Ziborov D. M. , Velina D. A. , Kleyn E. E.
Published: February 2025

The prospects of using some chelated forms of zinc to develop new enriched food products are substantiated in the work. The authors give a brief description of the synthesis of chelated double forms: Zn diglycinate, Zn pantothenate-glycinate, Zn thiaminate-glycinate, Zn citrate, Zn cysteinate-glycinate. Synthesis of chelates included the stages of treatment of Zn compounds with amino acids and vitamins with partial heating, as well as ultrasound treatment at a frequency of 25 kHz to create micro-nanoparticles and to accelerate formation of chelates. Authenticity of obtained compounds was determined using IR spectroscopy by comparison with reference databases. The ability of chelates not to form insoluble compounds when adding to food systems was examined on several food groups: bakery products, multi-fruit juice-containing beverages, fermented food products (kefir and whey-containing beverages), products of meat processing and sugary confectionary products. Preservation of the soluble forms of Zn was determined by the method of direct extractive titration with the use of metallochromic indicator dithizone with the following photocolorimetry in the visible spectrum (530–550 nm) in the medium of carbon tetrachloride or hexane. The ability to be extracted from a food system for chelated compounds of Zn increased in the following order: whey-based beverages < bread and products containing phytic acids < juice-containing beverage < yogurt, including yogurt with fruit filling < marmalade based on agar-agar and other sugary confectionery products with the similar consistency < products from meat raw materials. The data obtained indicate significant prospects of developing food products enriched with chelated compounds of Zn to satisfy the needs of some groups of the population in this microelement.
Behind bars: Evaluating the nutritional landscape — A review of dietary patterns provided in correctional facilities
Authors: Sanjeet K. , Mishra S.
Published: February 2025

The quality of nutrition in correctional facilities plays a crucial role in the health of incarcerated individuals. This review investigates dietary patterns within these institutions, examining their nutritional adequacy and compliance with established guidelines. The review aims to assess the nutritional content of meals provided in correctional settings and their impact on inmate health. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing studies that evaluate meal composition, adherence to nutritional standards, and associated health outcomes for inmates. Data was synthesized from diverse correctional facilities to highlight common trends and disparities. Findings reveal pervasive nutritional deficiencies across correctional facilities. Many meals lack adequate fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, relying heavily on processed foods high in sodium and sugar. Such imbalances can lead to significant health issues, including obesity, hypertension, and metabolic disorders among the incarcerated population. The review also highlights disparities based on facility types, geographic locations, and budgetary constraints, which influence the nutritional quality of meals. Addressing the nutritional deficiencies in correctional facilities is imperative for improving inmate health and facilitating rehabilitation. Implementing comprehensive meal planning, increasing access to fresh produce, and ensuring adherence to nutritional standards can enhance the dietary landscape in these settings. Future research should focus on effective interventions and policies aimed at improving nutritional offerings to support the health and well-being of incarcerated individuals.
Determination of hydration status in feedlot cattle treated for respiratory disease and associations with treatment outcome
Authors: Heinen Lilli , White Brad J. , Larson Robert L. , Theurer Miles , Miesner Matt D.
Published: February 2025

Feedlot cattle are evaluated visually for signs of disease and to determine subsequent treatment. Hydration status is difficult to measure in feedlot cat­tle, and reference ranges are often based on other cattle pro­duction systems. The objective of this study was to determine the association of clinical markers of hydration at the time of treatment with packed cell volume (PCV) as an indicator of hydration status and treatment outcomes. Cattle treated for respiratory disease (n = 107) were examined to determine eye globe recession, skin tent, mucous membrane quality, capil­lary refill time, rectal temperature and weight. Dehydration was defined as a PCV greater than 46% (n = 9). Animals were followed for 90 days post-enrollment to determine outcomes. Treatment failure was defined as a retreatment for any reason or death due to any cause. Final outcome (died or survived) was also evaluated. Associations between predictor variables and these 3 outcomes (dehydration, treatment failure, final outcome) were determined in 3 generalized linear mixed mod­els. There were no significant associations between predic­tors and dehydration. Weight less than 700 lbs (317 kgs). was associated with an increased treatment failure probability, and abnormal mucous membrane quality was associated with a higher probability of death within the 90 days. This study shows that common markers of hydration status may not be useful in determining dehydration in feedlot cattle. However, weight and mucous membrane quality could be useful indi­cators of outcome. A larger sample size with a more diverse cattle population is needed to validate these results.
HBA1C STATUS IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS WITH AND WITHOUT IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA
Authors:   Student, Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Medical Science, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India., D. Singh , P. Lenka ,   Student, Department of Genetics, National Institute of Medical Science, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India., S. Sharma ,   Student, Department of Computational Biology&Bioinformatics, National Institute of Medical Science, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India., K.D Joshi ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Medical Science, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Published: February 2025

Diabetes is an endemic global illness that is on the rise in both developed and developing countries. The American Diabetes Association has suggested glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as a possible substitute for fasting blood glucose in diagnosing diabetes. HbA1c is an important measure of long-term glycaemic control since it can represent the total glycaemic history of the two to three months before. In addition to providing a reliable measure of chronic hyperglycemia, HbA1c is highly correlated with the risk of long-term complications from diabetes. Elevated HbA1c has also been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke in people with or without diabetes. However, recent research has demonstrated that inadequate iron levels and glycemia contribute to high HbA1c.Therefore, decreasing circulating iron levels might be a worrying risk factor for heart attacks and strokes. The HbA1c test is an impartial biomarker for the diagnosis and outlook of diabetes since it offers valuable information with just one test. This studys results have demonstrated the significance of HbA1c in the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients.
SPECTRUM OF FATTY LIVER AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF NORTHEREN INDIA
Authors:   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Gynecology &Obstetrics, PGIMS, Rohtak Haryana India., Malhotra Parveen , Malhotra Vani ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Gynecology &Obstetrics, PGIMS, Rohtak Haryana India., Sanwariya Yogesh ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Gynecology &Obstetrics, PGIMS, Rohtak Haryana India., Nikita Nikita ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Gynecology &Obstetrics, PGIMS, Rohtak Haryana India., CF Bibin ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Gynecology &Obstetrics, PGIMS, Rohtak Haryana India., Singh Harman ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Gynecology &Obstetrics, PGIMS, Rohtak Haryana India.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: It isimportant to determinethe epidemiological factors like etiology, age, sex, mode of clinical presentation of fatty liver and development of complications like chronic liver disease, so as to design optimal and cost effective preventive and treatment strategies for the same.

Aim: To determine spectrumof Fatty Liver at tertiary care centerof Northern India.

Material and Methods:This was a prospective study conducted at Medical Gastroenterology Department, PGIMS,Rohtak , over a period of seven years i.e. 01.11.2017 to 31.10.2024, on 582confirmed patients of Fatty Liver.

Results:The most common etiology seen was Non-Alcoholic Fatty liver disease (82.47%), followed by Chronic HBV infection (11.37%), Chronic Hepatitis C (3.60%) and Alcoholic Liver Disease (2.57%),

Conclusion:The present study reveals that Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease is most common causeof Fatty liver in Northern India.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ADAPTIVE BIT LOADING SIPM-OOFDM IN INTENSITY MODULATION AND DIRECT DETECTION TDM- AND TWDM-PON SYSTEMS
Authors:   Departement de Genie Informatique et Telecomunications (GIT), Ecole Polytechnique dAbomey-Calavi (EPAC), Universite dAbomey-Calavi (UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin., Sanya M.F.O. , Afouda O.KS. ,   Departement de Genie Informatique et Telecomunications (GIT), Ecole Polytechnique dAbomey-Calavi (EPAC), Universite dAbomey-Calavi (UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin., Magnidet F. ,   Departement de Genie Informatique et Telecomunications (GIT), Ecole Polytechnique dAbomey-Calavi (EPAC), Universite dAbomey-Calavi (UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin., Alonoumi C.B. ,   Departement de Genie Informatique et Telecomunications (GIT), Ecole Polytechnique dAbomey-Calavi (EPAC), Universite dAbomey-Calavi (UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin., Topka F.B. ,   Departement de Genie Informatique et Telecomunications (GIT), Ecole Polytechnique dAbomey-Calavi (EPAC), Universite dAbomey-Calavi (UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin., Dossou M. ,   Departement de Genie Informatique et Telecomunications (GIT), Ecole Polytechnique dAbomey-Calavi (EPAC), Universite dAbomey-Calavi (UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Benin., Aupetit-Berthelemot C. ,   XLIM Dpt.C2S2 UMR-CNRS 7252, Universite de Limoges, 16 Rue Atlantis, 87068 Limoges, France.
Published: February 2025

Technological advancements over recent decades prompted the development of bandwidth-intensive services, necessitating the deployment of optical fibers in access networks up to the subscriber. To address these increasing demands, innovative transmission techniques, including advanced modulations and architectures, are expected. This study aimed to enhance transmission distance and user capacity in Passive Optical Networks (PON). The Subcarrier Index Power Modulated Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (SIPM-OOFDM) technique, which conveyed additional information per subcarrier compared to conventional OOFDM, was implemented using MATLAB R2019a. To further improve the capacity performance, an Adaptive Bit Loading SIPM-OOFDM (ABL-SIPM-OOFDM) was implemented. We have modeled an IM/DD link in Optisystem7 and simulated the performance of conventional SIPM-OOFDM and ABL-SIPM-OOFDM in Time Division Multiplexing-PON (TDM-PON) and Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing-PON (TWDM-PON) systems. The ABL-SIPM-OOFDM is shown to achieve an effective data rate of 18 Gb/s in TDM-PON, compared to 13 Gb/s with conventional SIPM-OOFDM, for a Bit Error Rate (BER) target of 10-3 at 20 km of fiber length with power budget supporting 64 users. This represents a 5 Gb/s increase in transmission capacity over the conventional approach.Additionally, in a TWDM-PON setup, the ABL-SIPM-OOFDM achieved an effective data rate of approximately 41 Gb/s over a distance of 40 km, supporting 64 Optical Network Units (ONU with 4 wavelengths each). In conclusion, the proposed ABL-SIPM-OOFDM demonstrated significant potential as a candidate for NG-PON systems, meeting the requirement of a 40 Gb/s downlink data rate for at least 256 users over a fiber distance of 40 km.
EXPLORING GENDER DYNAMICS AND EMPOWERMENT IN ALICE WALKERS THE COLOUR PURPLE
Authors:   Assistant Professor of English Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai., S. Vishali
Published: February 2025

A Profound exploration of gender representation in literature by focusing on the experiences of African American women in 20th century. Walker challenges conventional gender roles by portraying Celies transformation from a submissive and oppressed young woman into a self-assured individual who finds strength in her relationships with other women. Celies bond with Shug Avery, initially her husbands mistress, evolves into a deep connection that empowers Celie to reclaim her voice and agency. Their relationship subverts norms of heterosexual love. Celies journey is a poignant depiction of the intersections of race, gender and sexuality within a patriarchal society,The Color Purple also critiques the systemic oppression faced by African American women, exposing the harsh realities of domestic violence, sexual exploitation, and economic marginalization. Walker portrays the resilience of her female characters, illustrating how they navigate and resist these oppressive structures through solidarity, spirituality, and self-expression.In this paper, the author demonstrates the gender representation in literature by offering a complex and multifaceted portrayal of African American womens experiences by confronting the dynamics of race, gender, and power, while celebrating the strength and resilience found in womens relationships and individual journeys toward self-empowerment and liberation.
LENGTH - WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND CONDITION FACTOR OF CLARIAS ANGUILLARIS (LINNAEUS, 1758) AT PEELE RESERVOIR, BURKINA FASO
Authors:   Centre Universitaire de Banfora, Burkina Faso., Parfait Gnoumou Siefo
Published: February 2025

Length-weight relationship (LWR) and condition factor of Clariasanguillaris of Peele Reservoir (Burkina Faso) were studiedfrom April 2015 to Mars 2017.226 Specimens of Clarias anguillariswere collected monthly from traditional fishing.In each specimen,length (TL) and total weight were determined. The length-weight relationship was obtained by the equation: W = a*Lb.Value of regression intercept (a) and slope (b) was obtained by linearizing the equation using the least square method. Condition factor (K) was determined by the equation: K= 100 (W/Lb).The length-weight relationship showed negative allometric growth. Values of condition factor showed that Peele reservoir was favorable to the growth of Clarias anguillaris. Results of this study would be used to well management particularly of Peele reservoir and generally of aquatic ecosystem in Burkina Faso.
BACTERIOPHAGE & ITS THERAPY: AN OVERVIEW
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Nims Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, NIMS University, Rajasthan, Jaipur 303121, Rajasthan (India)., Uma Maheswari Chepala , Babyaiesha Maniyar ,   Department of Microbiology, Nims Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, NIMS University, Rajasthan, Jaipur 303121, Rajasthan (India)., Sharma Indu ,   Department of Biotechnology, Nims Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, NIMS University, Rajasthan, Jaipur 303121, Rajasthan (India).
Published: February 2025

This review provides a concise overview of the comprehensive exploration of bacteriophages and their applications in phage therapy. Beginning with a historical perspective, the narrative traces the evolution of phage therapy from its early roots to contemporary innovations. The advantages, including high specificity, safety, and adaptability, are highlighted, along with inherent limitations such as specificity requirements and regulatory challenges. The review emphasizes the significance of novel concepts, life cycle insights, and standardized procedures in enhancing the efficacy and responsible implementation of phage therapy. Addressing resistance management and the pursuit of the perfect bacteriophage, the abstract underscores the ongoing research and strategic approaches that position phage therapy as a dynamic and vital component in the ever-evolving realm of antibacterial treatments.
THE ROLE OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS AND BIOMARKERS IN TRANSFORMING CERVICAL CANCER MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India., Apurva Apurva , Singh Jagjeet ,   M.Sc. Zoology, Jamshedpur Co-Operative College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India., Chaudhary Priya ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India., Sharma Narotam ,   Scientist, DNA Labs-Center for Research & Innovative Studies (CRIS), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India., Singh Ankita ,   Junior Scientist, DNA Labs Center for Research & Innovative Studies (CRIS), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Published: February 2025

Cervical cancer is the fourth leading kind of cancer in women all over the world. More than 570,000 new cases and 311,000 deaths were registered in 2019, most in middle- and lower-income nations. The main reason is chronic infection with HPV infection, particularly types 16 and 18. Although the use of Pap smears and HPV testing has improved the survival rates, health inequities still allow high rates to be seen in many countries. A new development which comprises a short course of chemotherapy before chemo radiation is showing much promise, as it has reduced mortality rates by 40% and recurrence by 35%. Biochemical and hormonal markers are important in cervical cancer control. In understanding tumor advancement and the response to therapy, some markers like squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are relevant. Estrogen and progesterone receptors also affect tumor development, as the former exerts carcinogenic effects and the latter counters them, but the risk could potentially increase more in HPV-positive women due to hormonal contraceptives and changing levels at menopause. Some biochemical markers, like p16INK4a and Ki-67, as well as other inflammatory and metabolic markers, help in formulating individualized therapy. The process of detecting cervical cancer has changed because of the improvements brought about by NGS, liquid biopsy, and POCT. NGS makes it possible to devise an extensive report of the genome through Comprehensive Genomic Profiling. Liquid biopsy aids in observing and capturing cells in real time, while AI-powered POCT increases the accuracy of diagnosis in places where resources are scarce. These developments improve the metrics of outcome and healthcare delivery. To help resolve this avoidable illness, the WHOs goal of 90% immunization and screening by 2030 highlights the necessity for improved efforts in prevention, testing, and treatment.
ON JOY OF ACTUALLY HUMAN LIFE. TO THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF AESTHETICAL EXPERIENCING
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, YACHIN SERGEY
Published: February 2025

The question of the unity of aesthetical experience and, consequently, experiencing—the experience that spans and permeates all human being—takes on a critical significance for post-Husserlian phenomenology. This question can no longer be posed in the former ego-centered (egological) paradigm of understanding the subject but presupposes its radical decentration taking into account the constitutive role of the instance of the other. The following question moves us towards the solution on such unity: which vital need the human selfness seeks to fulfil when it exists its being, involves itself in the multiple area of various kinds of arts, on the one hand, and in the “not interested” relationship with nature, on the other? The proposed solution is that such is the need to be human and to derive pleasure (joy) from such being. The general formal sign of “pure” aesthetical experiencing is a meaningful (reflexive) involvement in some life process, which is subjectively experienced as an overcoming of the finitude of one’s existence. Onto-anthropological basis of such solution is the Dasein-analytical statement about the human’s “granted” awareness of the one’s finitude (temporariness or mortality), the process of overcoming which gives one joyful—and the same is aesthetic—sense of actually human life. In this approach, the process of transition from the organic enjoyment to the orgaistic one can be understanded as the initial form of the aesthetical experience. In supplementing the Dasein-analytical understanding of the human’s Being-in-the-world by the psycho-analytical one, we constate that the necessary basis of overcoming the anxiety of the awareness of the one’s finitude is the extimic, symbolically distanced instance of the Other, reflected in which and, at the same time, based on it, the Selfness is able to affirm its own subjectivity or the very facticity of its Presence. The actually aesthetical nature of laughter is revealed in this vein, including the possibility of its schaden-freude (damage-joy) form. As a result, the following (presumably universal) formula of aesthetical experience and experiencing can be proposed: it is a symbolically distanced being in-itself and for-itself in the other. An exemplary example of the subjectivity aesthetically affirming itself is the process of literary reading. In this process, its meaningfulness is revealed with the greatest phenomenological purity.
THE PROBLEM OF CONSTRUCTING AESTHETIC AXIOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy named after F. M. Dostoevsky, EGOROV PAVEL
Published: February 2025

The article examines the issue of aesthetic judgment. Why do people find some things beautiful and others not, and how are differences in taste formed? The main problem with making a judgment about taste is the ambiguity of the axiological conditions under which it is made. A number of aesthetic theories fail to build a strict and comprehensive aesthetic axiology, either because of an insufficient description of the taste formation process itself, or because of the arbitrariness of putting forward criteria that are unable to explain the variety of forms that are evaluated as beautiful. The common shortcoming of the approaches used in building aesthetic axiology is the idea of a predetermined judgmental relationship as an expression of some sensory relationship to an aesthetic object. The article shows that the activity of feeling with the passivity of the expression of feeling, the idea of their strictly fixed and unidirectional form of influence, is untenable, as it does not correspond to many everyday aesthetic situations. It is demonstrated that the sign and expression are in a situation of mirror exchange and the subject-object relationship cannot act as a principle of aesthetic theory. Instead, the concept of intensity of experience is introduced as the force of the image for representation, which constitutes the basis of the subject's aesthetic practice. As an alternative to this approach, it is proposed to replace the evaluative category of aesthetic judgment with the non-evaluative category of aesthetic experience, which affirms the fundamental axiological neutrality of the aesthetic sphere. The article also provides recommendations for building new theories of aesthetic axiology based on the primacy of aesthetic experience.
CINEMATIC PRESENCE IN VIEWERS’ EXPERIENCE
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, BRONNIKOVA EKATERINA
Published: February 2025

The proposed article is aimed at conceptualizing the phenomenon of cinematic presence, as well as the search for possible components for its formation in the viewing experience. Presence, considered in the context of intersubjective interaction, will be viewed as a characteristic of the specific bodily relationships between the cinema and the viewers, as well as an essential aspect of the cinema itself. After analyzing both the fundamental texts theorizing this concept and the theoretical work of modern researchers in the field of cinema, as well as turning to experimental practices and slow cinema, the author deduces her own concept of cinematic presence. The article rejects the notion of presence as a state of involvement in the diegetic world. Instead, the author proposes to view it as distanced co-existence which makes it impossible for the viewer to fully immerse in the film space, but there is an opportunity to get an experience specific only to the situation of watching a film. Corporeality in the broader sense of the word plays an important role in the origin of the named experience. The described effect is themed through intimacy and closeness: viewers find themselves in a transit position, becoming a movie, when there is fusion, a loss of a sense of distance from the other, but at the same time the boundaries between their own body and the body of the film are preserved. The main thesis of the article is that the cinematic presence, grasped in the viewers’ experience, reveals itself not only and not much by exposing parts of the cinematic body, although the manifestation of the specific sensuality of the apparatus is the basis for the formation of presence. The experience of a collision with a cinema as such implies the perception of it as another, possessing agency and preventing the full disclosure of its essence.
THE PRACTICE OF SUBJECT TRANSFORMATION AND THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL WORKING PROJECT OF PHILOSOPHY (BASED ON HUSSERL’S MANUSCRIPT “SOCRATES-BUDDHA”)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, CHERNAVIN GEORGY
Published: February 2025

The article examines Husserl’s conception of Buddhism, which was largely determined by the reading of the “Majjhima-nikaya” in Karl Eugen Neumann’s translation. It is a general and dotted image in which no distinctions were made regarding the eras, traditions and schools of Buddhist philosophy: an image that an interested European reader might form after reading the 152 sutras of the “Collection of Middle Instructions” of the Pali Canon. Nevertheless, it seems a productive task to interpret this image in order to better explain Husserl’s conception of phenomenology about itself, regardless of the naivety of the image under discussion from the point of view of Buddhology. This article puts forward the following theses for discussion: Husserl understood Buddhist thought as a “conjugate detail (Gegenstück)” that complements the phenomenological science of transcendental subjectivity by contrast. Specifically, he interpreted Buddhism as a path to the transcendental position not from the critique of science, but from practice—as a suspension of the mythical picture of the world and the “practical general thesis” of the natural attitude. Although Buddhist thought according to Husserl, like phenomenology, is aimed at “revealing the transcendental position,” it nevertheless does not establish a science (in the radicalized Husserlian sense). In fact, Husserl uses this rough outline (characterizing Buddhism as “transcendentalism without science”) to emphasize the dynamics of his own phenomenological “working project of philosophy (Arbeitsphilosophie).” The “Collection of Middle Instructions” of the Pali Canon serves as an occasion for Husserl to thematize the specific combination of seriousness and playfulness that characterizes his phenomenology as “carefree care”; this helps Husserl to express the driving force of phenomenological labor (“work fervor” (Arbeitsfieber)).
ТHE REVIEW OF ТHE INТERNAТIONAL SCIENТIFIC WORKSHOP “ТHE ТRANSCENDENТAL ТURN IN MODERN PHILOSOPHY — 9: MEТAPHYSICS, EPISТEMOLOGY, THEORY OF CONSCIOUSNESS, COGNITIVE SCIENCE AND ARIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, THEOLOGY” (April 11–13, 2024, Moscow, Russia)
Authors:   Russian State University for Humanities, SHIYAN ANNA
Published: February 2025

This text provides an overview of the International Scientific Workshop (Conference) “Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy — 9: metaphysics, epistemology, theory of consciousness, cognitive science and artificial intelligence, theology”, held in Moscow on April 11–13, 2024, at the sites of the State Academic University of the Humanities and the Russian State University for the Humanities. The review examines both the reports on Kant’s transcendental metaphysics, made at the session “How metaphysics (as a science) is possible: on the way to transcendental metaphysics”, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of I.Kant, and reports on phenomenological problems, which were heard at the sessions “The Transcendental subject: Plato, Kant, Husserl”, “Transcendentalism and Phenomenology — 1: consciousness and cognition”, “Transcendentalism and phenomenology — 2: consciousness and reality”, “How is transcendental theology possible?” and “Transcendentalism, cognitive science and the problems of AI”. The author analyses the reports of the seminar participants, grouping them around topics and problems, to certain extents covered in these reports: the project of Kant’s transcendental metaphysics, the peculiarities of the phenomenological approach to consciousness, the status and understanding of reality in phenomenology, the concept of a transcendental subject in a historical and philosophical perspective, etc. This approach makes it possible to present the current field of work of modern transcendentalists and phenomenologists and identify areas of future possible research.
HEIDEGGER’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE CINEMATIC EXPERIENCE BOOK REVIEW: LOHT S. PHENOMENOLOGY OF FILM: A HEIDEGGERIAN ACCOUNT OF THE FILM EXPERIENCE. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2017.
Authors:   Pushkin Leningrad State University, STAVTSEVA OLGA
Published: February 2025

In my review, I analyze the main points of Shawn Loht’s book “Phenomenology of Film: A Heideggerian Account of the Film Experience” (2017), in which the author makes not only an attempt to develop the phenomenology of cinema, but also to substantiate it as a kind of philosophy—philosophy through watching a movie. The content of the book can be reduced to three major components: 1) clarifying M. Heidegger’s attitude to cinema and evaluating the contribution of his philosophy to the analysis of cinema; 2) revealing cinema viewing as one of the ways of human existence; 3) substantiating cinema art as revealing the truth of being. To implement these tasks, Sh. Loht develops the phenomenology of cinema as a kind of cinema philosophy. Despite the fact that Heidegger expressed his negative attitude towards cinema and photography in his work “Time of the World Picture,” since they serve to technically represent the world, turn it into a picture and strengthen the position of a person as a representative subject, Loht substantiates the understanding of cinema as an artistic creation, which, according to Heidegger’s philosophy of art, reveals the truth of being. Using such concepts of Heidegger’s presence analytics as being-in-the-world, project, understanding, disposition, interpretation, speech, S. Loht describes the motion picture as a thing in the world that Dasein encounters, and the cinematic experience as a way of human existence. The author understands phenomenology as a method that focuses on phenomena as a person experiences them. Loht concludes that movies are fundamentally phenomenological. The subject of the phenomenology of cinema is the space between the viewer and the screen, the discovery and understanding that the viewer produces. The phenomenology of cinema is the phenomenology of the presence of the moviegoer. The core question is, is it possible to philosophize with the help of cinema? Loht answers in the affirmative, but this philosophizing will be phenomenology. The viewer philosophizes while watching the film, which is based on the self-understanding of the presence, the philosophical reflections of the viewer are caused by the film.
Using machine learning and satellite data to improve flood forecasting: the case of the Ouémé basin at the Bétérou outlet
Authors: Obada Ezéchiel , Biao E. I. , Zohou P. J. , Yarou H. , Hounnondaho F. Z. , Alamou E. A.
Published: February 2025

Flooding is a major concern for the scientific community, and it has been exacerbated by climate change. Accurate prediction of these extreme events is crucial for adequate preparedness. This study investigates the potential of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to enhance the accuracy of flood prediction and provide actionable insights for flood management. This study focuses on the African context, where data are scarce and the weak capacity of governments to react to floods makes populations vulnerable. It adopted advanced recurrent neural network architectures such as the long short-term memory (LSTM) and the convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) models, focusing on hydrological modeling innovation. The results indicated a high performance of these models in simulated runoff. The coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency between observed and simulated runoff are approximately 0.96 and 0.95, respectively, for the ConvLSTM model and 0.95 and 0.95 for the LSTM model. This study generated the flooding risk area maps. These maps represent a significant decision-making tool for flood management. This research confirms the effectiveness of deep learning in hydrology and proposes an innovative methodological framework for sustainable water resource management in the African context.
A review on enhancing water productivities adaptive to the climate change
Authors: Muharomah Riani , Setiawan Budi Indra , Sands Gary R. , Juliana Imroatul Chalimah , Gunawan Taufik Ari
Published: February 2025

Crop water requirements depend on climate, soil, and plant characteristics, necessitating responsive and adaptive irrigation systems for efficient water use. The objectives of this study include assessing the implementation of irrigation technology and its impact on water use efficiency, reviewing smart irrigation systems employed as irrigation management systems, and introducing evapotranspirative irrigation technology as a straightforward smart irrigation approach. Globally, research on irrigation technologies highlights significant potential for water conservation. Smart irrigation system, as a facet of irrigation system management, is considered a strategic approach for effective irrigation implementation. The adoption of micro-irrigation systems in cultivated crops shows promising results in enhancing water productivity and significantly increasing yield rates, but smallholder farmers resist due to high costs. This study introduces innovative approaches using simple automatic technology based on the principle of evapotranspiration, aiming to mitigate high costs. This technology is designed to distribute water optimally at the highest evapotranspiration rate during prolonged dry periods. The key success indicators focus on water productivity, encompassing crop water, irrigation water, and total water. The evapotranspirative irrigation system is pivotal in regulating evapotranspiration rates, resulting in reduced water evaporation and increased land and water productivities, making it adaptive to the impacts of climate change.