bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Botrychium simplexE. Hitchc. (Ophioglossaceae) – a new species for the native flora of Ukraine
Authors: Parnikoza Ivan Yu. , Celka Zbigniew
Published: December 2016

The work presents the results of herbarium survey that resulted in findingBotrychium simplexE. Hitchc. – a new for the native Ukrainian flora species of the family Ophioglossaceae. A specimen of this taxon was found in the National Herbarium of Ukraine in the M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Kyiv (KW) among the specimens ofBotrychium lunaria(L.) Sw. originating from the surroundings of Kharkiv. Thus, this finding indicates the most south-eastern locality ofB. simplexin Europe found so far.
Measuring, Assessing and Improving Software
Quality based on Object-Oriented Design
Principles
Authors: Plösch Reinhold , Bräuer Johannes , Körner Christian , Saft Matthias
Published: December 2016

Good object-oriented design is crucial for a successful
software product. Metric-based approaches and
the identification of design smells are established concepts
for identifying design flaws and deriving design improvements
thereof. Nevertheless, metrics are difficult to
use for improvements as they provide only weak guidance
and are difficult to interpret. Thus, this paper proposes a
novel design quality model (DQM) based on fundamental
object-oriented design principles and best practices. In
course of discussing DQM, the paper provides a contribution
in three directions: (1) it shows how to measure design
principles automatically, (2) then the measuring result
is used to assess the degree of fulfilling object-oriented
design principles, (3) and finally design improvements of
identified design flaws in object-oriented software are derived.
Additionally, the paper provides an overview of the
research area by explaining terms used to describe designrelated
aspects and by depicting the result of a survey on
the importance of object-oriented design principles. The
underlying concepts of the DQM are explained before it is
applied on two open-source projects in the format of a case
study. The qualitative discussion of its application shows
the advantages of the automated design assessment that
can be used for guiding design improvements.
On two modern hybrid forms of consequentialism
Authors: Švaňa Lukáš
Published: December 2016

The article deals with two consequentialist theories and their comparison in terms of promoting certain values and evaluation of moral agents’ actions and behaviour. A basic presupposition is their mutual compatibility based primarily on their consequentialist nature. The paper searches for possible evidence that presented theories might be denominated as hybrid theories based on their dynamic transformations and it also searches for possible mutual enrichment of these theories/approaches as their examined similar character might be a good starting point for such goals. The nature of ethical values is questioned as well as the idea (supported by relevant argumentation) of not distinguishing ethical theories based on their implicit inclination towards usage of specific values. The paper confronts these traditional (classical) ideas of making such differentiation and thus strictly connecting specific moral values with specific ethical theories and not allowing possible productive associations. Ethics of social consequences and the theory of lesser evil are chosen as examples to prove that not limited approaches in terms of operation with only specific type of values might be productive. Their dynamic character predestines these theories to be hybrid ethical theories and thus compatible in their value structure and theory of right.
The principle of vulnerability and its potential applications in bioethics
Authors: Demény Enikő
Published: December 2016

The principle of vulnerability is a specific principle within European Bioethics. On the one hand, vulnerability expresses human limits and frailty on the other hand it represents moral and ethical action principles. In this paper a discussion on the relationship between the concepts of autonomy, vulnerability and responsibility is proposed and presentation of some possible applications of the principle of vulnerability within bioethics. In conclusion, some potential benefits of applying the principle of vulnerability as well as possible difficulties in its application are highlighted.
Polnisch-dänische Äquivalenzbeziehungen im Bereich der Vergangenheitstempora
Authors: Janikowski Krzysztof
Published: December 2016

The paper attempts to present an account of the interrelations between aspect and tense in Polish and Danish sentences expressing past time meaning. The starting-point of the comparative analysis is the view that different languages do not use the same morphosyntactic means for representing a category. A grammatical category is always a mapping between particular formal means and particular meanings (or functions). With reference to Czarnecki (1998) the author distinguishes between the functional-semantic category aspectuality and the formal category aspect. According to this view there are different formal means of expressing the aspectuality: morphological, syntactic and lexical. The Polish aspect is to be defined in grammatical terms, whereas its Danish counterpart rather in lexical-semantic ones. Correspondingly, tense and aspect are very closely connected with each other in Polish.
Zu Tautonymen und Internationalismen aus linguistischer und didaktischer Sicht
Authors: Kątny Andrzej
Published: December 2016

The article presents an outline of issue of translator’s ‘false friends’ and internationalisms from linguistic point of view. This discourse has been supported by chosen examples of words from a few languages. The second part of the article has been focused on didactic issues; the author suggests that a positive transfer in teaching of vocabulary should be used, especially in the context of the called for multilingualism.
Jak Duch Boży staje sie bożym wiatrem, czyli czy tłumacz Biblii jest twórczy? Uwagi na marginesie szwedzkiego przekładu Mojż. 1:2 w Biblii 2000 (Bibel 2000)
Authors: Maciejewski Witold
Published: December 2016

The first verses of Genesis have been translated into Swedish and many other languages several times and in quite different ways. The variations presuppose correspondingly distinct images of the very first moments of creation and, in consequence, different spatial coordinates. The article examines the linguistic ground of some of the images, asking questions on the translators’ own creative contribution to our understanding of the Bible. The Swedish monumental Bibel 2000 is the outgoing point of the analysis.
Kan man tacka för senast eller för sig? Prepositionsfrasens struktur med utvalda svenska och polska tackformler som exempel
Authors: Zborowski Piotr
Published: December 2016

The present paper focuses on some frequent Swedish thank formulas that do not seem to fit the pattern of thanking - either syntactically or semantically. One example of the syntactic irregularities is tack för senast, ‘thanks for last time’ (lit. ‘thanks for lastADV’), where the prepositional phrase consists of an adverbial (not a nominal) component relating to time. On the other hand, the Swedish tack för mig, ‘thanks for me / myself’, does not conform to the semantics of thanking, as it seems to suggest that the speaker himself is the only proper reason for thanking, not - as usually expected - ‘something good’ for the speaker, i.e. an action brought about for him or her by the addressee. Some similarities with the Polish phrases for thanking (which also include adverbs but are fewer and less frequent in comparison Swedish), e.g. dziękuję za dziś, ‘thanks for today’, have also been taken into consideration. Such constructions can be analysed and explained in terms of metonymy. Furthermore, the thank formulas including the temporal adverbs seem to reflect the significance of time as a special value in the Swedish culture.
Neuroprotective Effect of Grewia carpinifolia Extract against Vanadium Induced Behavioural Impairment
Authors: Adebiyi O. E. , Olopade J. O. , Olayemi F. O.
Published: December 2016

Vanadium (V), a heavy metal, has been reported to induce central nervous system toxicity leading to various behavioural impairments. It is characterized by the production of reactive oxygen. The present study was designed to test the possibility of Grewia carpinifolia ethanolic extract in preventing behavioural alterations following acute vanadium toxicity in mice. Twenty five Swiss albino mice (25—27 g) were completely randomized into 5 groups (A—E) of 5 animals each. Group A received distilled water and served as a control; group B, received vitamin E (500 mg.kg−1 b. w. every 72 hours), a known antioxidant orally, along with a daily dose of sodium metavanadate intraperitoneally (i. p.) for 7 days; group C and group D received Grewia carpinifolia leaf extract at 100 and 200 mg.kg−1 b.w orally respectively, along with the sodium metavanadate i. p. for 7 days; while group E received sodium metavanadate i. p. only for 7 days. The behavioural and motor functions were analysed by the open field, negative geotaxis, and hanging wire tests; the daily body and brain weights were recorded. Grewia carpinifolia ethanolic extracts significantly reduced the number of grooming, stretched attend posture, and freezing time that were significantly increased in the vanadium only group and also enhanced the vestibular functions. In addition, the latent time spent on the hanging wire in groups simultaneously administered with the extract and V compared favourably (P > 0.05) with the control groups but a decrease in latent time was observed in the V only group. The results suggest that acute V toxicity results in various behavioural deficits and support a possible role of Grewia carpinifolia as a protective agent against acute vanadium-toxicity with a better result at 200 mg.kg−1 b. w.
Effects of Manure Bedding on the Rate of Claw Diseases in Dairy Cows
Authors: Mudroň P.
Published: December 2016

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of claw diseases in dairy cows housed on two different bedding systems: deep straw bedding and unsterilized recycled manure solids. On the farm (farm A) with the straw bedding, 403 and on the farm (farm B) with manure solid bedding, 226 dairy cows were examined. The prevalence of cows with one or more claw lesions on the farm with straw bedding and with manure solids were 37 % and 69 %, respectively (P < 0.001). In both bedding systems, two claw lesions dominated: digital dermatitis and inflammatory disorders of corium (white line diseases, toe ulcer, and sole ulcer). The prevalence of the digital dermatitis housed in deep-bedded freestalls and in freestalls with manure solids were 17.8 % and 53.1 % (P < 0.001), respectively. The prevalence of the white line diseases and toe ulcer were 12.1 % and 15.7 % on farm A and 3.88 % and 2.59 % on farm B, respectively (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of the sole ulcer between farms. These data indicate a relatively high prevalence of claw lesions on the studied dairy farms. Moreover, a long-term contact of claws with manure (boxes and corridors) on the farm with unsterilized recycled manure solids seems to be associated with a higher prevalence of digital dermatitis.
Parasitofauna of Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) in the Protected Landscape Area CHKO — Poľana
Authors: Orosová T. , Goldová M. , Ciberej J. , Štrkolcová G.
Published: December 2016

During the years 2015—2016 we obtained 15 samples of faeces of brown bears (Ursus arctos) and 2 samples of gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of young female brown bears for helminthological examinations. The samples of faeces were collected from various sites in the protected landscape area CHKO-Poľana, and the gastrointestinal tracts originated from bears hunted down in the same area within permitted regulation of bear population for 2015. Of the 17 samples collected from the CHKO-Poľana area, 13 were positive for the presence of parasites (76.47 %). Parasitological examinations revealed the presence of 5 species of endoparasites: Eimeria, Cryptosporidium, Sarcocystis, Baylisascaris and Ancylostoma. Roundworms Baylisascaris transfuga (46.15 %) and Ancylostoma spp. (30.77 %) were the dominant species. Observation of the seasonal dynamics showed the highest prevalence of parasites during autumn and winter.
A Rare Case of Atypical Renal Arteries Arrangement with Ectopic Kidneys in a Guinea Pig
Authors: Maženský D. , Flešárová S.
Published: December 2016

We recorded a very rare case of atypical renal arteries arrangement in a guinea pig using the corrosion technique in the study of the arterial system. The right renal artery originated from the ventral wall of the abdominal aorta at the level of the caudal aspect of the 5th lumbar vertebra. The left renal artery originated from the left common iliac artery approximately 12 mm caudally to the aortic bifurcation. The right kidney was located ventral to the aortic bifurcation and the left kidney inside the pelvic cavity between the common iliac arteries. According to the vascular pattern, we determined that the ectopic kidneys in this guinea pig were unusual. This is the first case describing bilateral ectopic kidneys in a guinea pig.
The Influence of Probiotic Lactobacilli and Flaxseed on the Health of Weaned Piglets and Metabolism of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs)
Authors: Sopková D. , Vlčková R. , Andrejčáková Z. , Hertelyová Z. , Gancarčíková S. , Nemcová R.
Published: December 2016

This study investigated for 14 days post-weaning, the influence of dietary supplementation of synbiotics in the form of probiotic cheeses containing cultures of L. plantarum and L. fermentum and crushed flaxseed (source of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids — PUFAs and fibre) on 36 commercial piglets originating from an infected herd (Coronavirus and E. coli) during the critical period of weaning. We focused on the health and metabolism of PUFAs in this critical period of a piglet’s life. The dietary supplementation positively affected: the overall health state of weaners, reduced diarrhoea by 29 % by 14 days post-weaning and significantly increased the counts of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and the production of volatile fatty acids. The PUFA concentrations in the m. biceps femoris of the piglets were analysed by gas chromatography. High levels of ω-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in flaxseed increased significantly the level of ALA, eicosapentaenic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenic acid (DHA) in the pig muscles on days 7 and 14 post-weaning. The levels of ω-6 linolenic acid (LA) were less affected by the diet, but were increased on day 14 post-weaning, while the conversion products of LA, and arachidonic acid (AA), were decreased on days 7 and 14. The increased level of dietary ALA favoured the activity of Δ-6-desaturase for the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA, at the expense of AA synthesis from LA. The ability of synbiotics to incorporate high levels of DHA in the pig muscles appear prospective for improving the nutritional properties of pork and reducing the occurrence of civilization diseases in consumers of this product of animal origin.
Late Miocene sedimentary record of the Danube/Kisalföld Basin: interregional correlation of depositional systems, stratigraphy and structural evolution
Authors: Sztanó Orsolya , Kováč Michal , Magyar Imre , Šujan Michal , Fodor László , Uhrin András , Rybár Samuel , Csillag Gábor , Tőkés Lilla
Published: December 2016

The Danube / Kisalföld Basin is the north-western sub-basin of the Pannonian Basin System. The lithostratigraphic subdivision of the several-km-thick Upper Miocene to Pliocene sedimentary succession related to Lake Pannon has been developed independently in Slovakia and Hungary. A study of the sedimentary formations across the entire basin led us to claim that these formations are identical or similar between the two basin parts to such an extent that their correlation is indeed a matter of nomenclature only. Nemčiňany corresponds to the Kálla Formation, representing locally derived coarse clastics along the basin margins (11- 9.5 Ma). The deep lacustrine sediments are collectively designated the Ivanka Formation in Slovakia, while in Hungary they are subdivided into Szák (fine-grained transgressive deposits above basement highs, 10.5 - 8.9 Ma), Endrőd (deep lacustrine marls, 11.6 -10 Ma), Szolnok (turbidites, 10.5 - 9.2 Ma) and Algyő Formations (fine-grained slope deposits, 10 - 9 Ma). The Beladice Formation represents shallow lacustrine deltaic deposits, fully corresponding to Újfalu (10.5 - 8.7 Ma). The overlying fluvial deposits are the Volkovce and Zagyva Formations (10 - 6 Ma). The synoptic description and characterization of these sediments offer a basin-wide insight into the development of the basin during the Late Miocene. The turbidite systems, the slope, the overlying deltaic and fluvial systems are all genetically related and are coeval at any time slice after the regression of Lake Pannon initiated about 10 Ma ago. All these formations get younger towards the S, SE as the progradation of the shelf-slope went on. The basin got filled up to lake level by 8.7 Ma, since then fluvial deposition dominated.
A new Middle Miocene selachian assemblage (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Central Paratethys (Nyirád, Hungary): implications for temporal turnover and biogeography
Authors: Szabó Márton , Kocsis László
Published: December 2016

A new Middle Miocene (Langhian - early Serravallian) assemblage with shark and ray teeth from Nyirád (Hungary, Transdanubia, Veszprém County) consists of nine families, with 15 different species. The assemblage shares many common genera with other Middle Miocene assemblages in the Paratethys (Notorynchus, Carcharias, Otodus, Cosmopolitodus, Hemipristis, Galeocerdo, Carcharhinus, and Aetobatus), and reflects a subtropical climate and a close connection with the Mediterranean Sea. However, a detailed faunal compilation of Miocene selachians reveals that several taxa that were still present in the Mediterranean or lived in the Paratethys during the Lower Miocene disappeared or became very rare by the Middle Miocene in the Central Paratethys (e.g., Isistius, Centrophorus, Mitsukurina, Carcharoides, Parotodus, Alopias). The taxa that went locally extinct in the Paratethys are mainly represented by deep-water or pelagic forms. Their disappearance is most probably related to the gradual separation of the Paratethys from the Mediterranean. The common presence of some large, rather pelagic sharks (e.g., Otodus, Cosmopolitodus) in the Central Paratethys during the Middle Miocene is explained here by the widespread occurrence of their potential prey represented by marine mammals (e.g., whales and dolphins).
Legal and formal factors related to the mineral raw material deposits accessibility in Europe
Authors: Radwanek-Bąk Barbara , Kivinen Mari
Published: December 2016

Over the last decades, the access to mineral raw material deposits has been increasingly limited by diverse limitations and obstacles. Some of them including: permits, taxes and fees, the ownership of mineral deposits, environmental protection rules and land-use and spatial planning conflicts, are related to state (governmental) activities and others such as protests against the mining activity and NIMBY effect, to societal issues. The legal authorities, governments and regulators are the stakeholders involved in the legislative issues of this process. A major potential matter of dispute lies in land-use issues. Diverse land-use types, for example, nature conservation, tourism and building development, can restrict the area available for exploration and/or mining, and thus access to mineral deposits. The nature of the land-use competition seems to be similar in different countries and regions, and so do the land-use conflicts. However, the scale and the underlying reasons of the land-use conflicts may differ. This also applies to the approaches to solve the problems.
Removal of lead, cadmium and copper ions from aqueous solutions by using ion exchange resin C 160
Authors: Bożęcka Agnieszka , Orlof-Naturalna Monika , Sanak-Rydlewska Stanisława
Published: December 2016

Industrial waste solutions may contain toxic Pb, Cu, Cd and other metal ions. These ions may also be components of leachates in landfills of ores. The toxicity of the ionic forms of these metals is high. For this reason the paper presents the results of studies on one of the methods to reduce their concentration in aqueous solutions. The article presents the results of studies on the removal of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions from model aqueous solutions with synthetic ion exchange resin C 160 produced by Purolite. The investigated ion exchanger contains sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) in its structure and is a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin. The range of the studied initial concentrations of the Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in the solutions was from 6.25 mg/L to 109.39 mg/L. The results confirmed that the used ion exchange resin C160 efficiently removes the above-mentioned ions from the studied solutions. The highest degree of purification was achieved in lead solutions for the assumed range of concentrations and conditions of the ion exchange process. It reached 99.9%. In the case of other solutions, the ion exchange process occurs with lower efficiency, however it remains high and amounts to over 90% for all the ions. The results of research were interpreted on the basis of the Langmuir adsorption model. For each studied ion, sorption capacity of the ion exchange resin increases until the saturation and equilibrium state is reached. Based on the interpretation of the Langmuir equation coefficients, an indication can be made that the studied ion exchange resin has a major sorption capacity towards the copper ions. In their case, the highest value of constant qmax was obtained in the Langmuir isotherm. For Cu2+ ions it was 468.42 mg/g. For Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions, this parameter reached the values of 112.17 mg/g and 31.76 mg/g, respectively. Ion exchange resin C 160 shows the highest affinity for the Pb2+ ions. In this case, the achieved value of coefficient b is highest and equals 1.437 L/mg.
Metals in Spent Mobile Phones (SMP) – a new challenge for mineral resources management
Authors: Szamałek Krzysztof , Galos Krzysztof
Published: December 2016

The world sales of mobile phones is growing very dynamically (in 2015 reaching a level of approx. 1.92 billion units). The number of worldwide mobile phones in use is also rapidly increasing (it is estimated that their amount is approx. 7 billion units). The life cycle of a mobile phone is short (commonly approx. 18 months), which is mainly associated with the changing trends, technical progress and competition. This is the reason why a growing number of spent mobile phones (SMP) is stored in homes - the number of SM P worldwide is estimated at approx. 14 billion units. In Poland, estimated number of SMP stored in homes is approx. 100 million units (including approx. 30 million spent smartphones). Mobile phones contain various quantities of valuable metals such as: Cu, Ni, Ag, Au, PMG, Co, Li, Pb, Sn, Zn, REE , Ga, In, Fe, Cr, Nb, Ta, Ti. The concentration of such metals in mobile phones often times exceeds the concentration of these elements in primary deposits.

It is estimated that SM Ps stored in Polish homes contain approx. 1,344 Mg Cu, 27 Mg Ag, 2.6 Mg Au, 1 Mg Pd, 4.3 Mg Nd, 0.8 Mg Pr, and 454 Mg Co. Worldwide, SMPs contain at least 196,000 Mg Cu, 70,000 Mg Co, 4,000 Mg Ag, 400 Mg Au, 140 Mg Pd, 630 Mg Nd, 126 Mg Pr. This creates new challenges for mineral resources management, especially regarding introduction of new effective directions of utilization of metals recovered from SMPs. The recovery of metals from SMPs will in fact decrease the extraction of minerals from primary deposits, which will have a positive impact on the environment, and reduce the stream of existing e-wastes. The collection of SMPs in Poland is currently at a very low level, probably not exceeding 1%. It is therefore necessary to introduce new efficient SM P collection systems combined, for example, with the obligation to transfer the spent telephone to the operator while obtaining a new one. The authors suggest the need to begin research on the development of efficient technologies of metal recovery from spent mobile phones.
A Case of Tail Self-Mutilation in a Cat
Authors: Talamonti Zita , Cannas Simona , Palestrini Clara
Published: December 2016

The present report describes a case of distal tail self-mutilation in a 5-year-old neutered male domestic short-hair cat. The cat started licking his tail few months before the behavioural visit. Because of the severity of the self-induced injuries, the veterinarian performed a surgical partial caudectomy. After 3 months, the excessive self-grooming of the tail recurred. Neurological and dermatological examinations, radiographs, urine and blood tests did not show any abnormalities. During the behavioural visit, through direct observation of the cat’s posture and behavioural history, the pet received a diagnosis of psychogenic alopecia. The cat was treated with clomipramine for 2 months (0.5 mg/kg/PO SID) along with behaviour modification and environmental changes. After 1 month, the cat no longer showed excessive self-grooming. Even if no other systemic pathologies were identified, it is always recommended to address these patients with a multidisciplinary approach.
Genocchi Wavelet-like Operational Matrix and its Application for Solving Non-linear Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Isah Abdulnasir , Phang Chang
Published: December 2016

In this work, we propose a new operational method based on a Genocchi wavelet-like basis to obtain the numerical solutions of non-linear fractional order differential equations (NFDEs). To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a Genocchi wavelet-like basis is presented. The Genocchi wavelet-like operational matrix of a fractional derivative is derived through waveletpolynomial transformation. These operational matrices are used together with the collocation method to turn the NFDEs into a system of non-linear algebraic equations. Error estimates are shown and some illustrative examples are given in order to demonstrate the accuracy and simplicity of the proposed technique.
Intelligent Chatter Bot for Regulation Search
Authors: De Luise María Daniela López , Pascal Andrés , Saad Ben , Álvarez Claudia , Pescio Pablo , Carrilero Patricio , Malgor Rafael , Díaz Joaquín
Published: December 2016

This communication presents a functional prototype, named PTAH, implementing a linguistic model focused on regulations in Spanish. Its global architecture, the reasoning model and short statistics are provided for the prototype. It is mainly a conversational robot linked to an Expert System by a module with many intelligent linguistic filters, implementing the reasoning model of an expert. It is focused on bylaws, regulations, jurisprudence and customized background representing entity mission, vision and profile. This Structure and model are generic enough to self-adapt to any regulatory environment, but as a first step, it was limited to an academic field. This way it is possible to limit the slang and data numbers. The foundations of the linguistic model are also outlined and the way the architecture implements the key features of the behavior.
Regarding on the exact solutions for the nonlinear fractional differential equations
Authors: Kaplan Melike , Koparan Murat , Bekir Ahmet
Published: December 2016

In this work, we have considered the modified simple equation (MSE) method for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear fractional-order differential equations. The space-time fractional equal width (EW) and the modified equal width (mEW) equation are considered for illustrating the effectiveness of the algorithm. It has been observed that all exact solutions obtained in this paper verify the nonlinear ordinary differential equations which was obtained from nonlinear fractional-order differential equations under the terms of wave transformation relationship. The obtained results are shown graphically.
Fertility variation among individuals in natural stands of Acacia leucophloea
Authors: Mutharaian V.N. , Kamalakannan R. , Narmatha Bai V. , Mayavel A. , Kim D.-Y. , Kang K.-S.
Published: December 2016

Growth characteristics and fertility variations were evaluated at four natural stands of tropical arid zone species, A. leucophloea in southern India. Three stands (TNL 1, TNL 2 and PDM) were situated in dry upland regions while one stand (RKP) was at waterlogged site. The tree height and girth at breast height did not vary between stands in two years. Fertility variation (sibling coefficient, ψ) was estimated based on flowering abundance and fruit set collected for two consecutive years. Fruit production per tree was generally lower in the RKP stand than the other three stands. No year-to-year variation was observed on fruit set in all stands. Growth and flower production showed a weak-positive correlation in both years (R2 = 0.39 to 0.1). The correlation to check if the larger inflorescence size, the higher number of fruit production was also failed. Male fertility variation did not vary much among stands (ψm
= 1.28 ~ 1.62). Female fertility variation was low (ψf
= 1.71 ~ 2.02) in the three stands situated in dry upland regions than the RKP stand (ψf
= 4.09 ~ 4.16). The cumulative contribution of trees to the overall fertility was deviated from the ideal situation (equal contribution) in all stands, especially the RKP stand showed a skewed distribution (R2 ≤ 6.5). The effective population size was low in the RKP predicting a high genetic drift when compared with other sites. Similarly high group coancestry and low gene diversity were observed in the stand RKP. The implications of fertility variation on gene diversity of the species and future management of the natural stands were also discussed.
Effects of Dry-Land Strength and Conditioning Programs in Age Group Swimmers
Authors: Amaro Nuno M. , Marinho Daniel A. , Marques Mário C. , Batalha Nuno P. , Morouço Pedro G.
Published: December 2016

Amaro, NM, Marinho, DA, Marques, MC, Batalha, N, and Morouço, PG. Effects of dry-land strength and conditioning programs in age group swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2447–2454, 2017—Even though dry-land S&C training is a common practice in the context of swimming, there are countless uncertainties over its effects in performance of age group swimmers. The objective was to investigate the effects of dry-land S&C programs in swimming performance of age group swimmers. A total of 21 male competitive swimmers (12.7 ± 0.7 years) were randomly assigned to the Control group (n = 7) and experimental groups GR1 and GR2 (n = 7 for each group). Control group performed a 10-week training period of swim training alone, GR1 followed a 6-week dry-land S&C program based on sets and repetitions plus a 4-week swim training program alone and GR2 followed a 6-week dry-land S&C program focused on explosiveness, plus a 4-week program of swim training alone. Results for the dry-land tests showed a time effect between week 0 and week 6 for vertical jump (p < 0.01) in both experimental groups, and for the GR2 ball throwing (p < 0.01), with moderate to strong effect sizes. The time × group analyses showed that for performance in 50 m, differences were significant, with the GR2 presenting higher improvements than their counterparts (F = 4.156; p = 0.007;

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201709000-00013/13MMU1/v/2023-08-19T002731Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.316) at week 10. Concluding, the results suggest that 6 weeks of a complementary dry-land S&C training may lead to improvements in dry-land strength. Furthermore, a 4-week adaptation period was mandatory to achieve beneficial transfer for aquatic performance. Additional benefits may occur if coaches plan the dry-land S&C training focusing on explosiveness.
Does Focus of Attention Improve Snatch Lift Kinematics?
Authors: Schutts Kyle S. , Wu Will F.W. , Vidal Anthony D. , Hiegel Jamie , Becker James
Published: December 2016

Schutts, KS, Wu, WFW, Vidal, AD, Hiegel, J, and Becker, J. Does focus of attention improve snatch lift kinematics? J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2758–2764, 2017—Recent motor control literature has demonstrated that using verbal instructions to direct a performer's attention externally (i.e., toward the movement outcome) enhances motor skill performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate how an athlete's focus of attention impacts kinematic performance of the snatch. Using a counterbalanced within-participant design, 12 competitively trained athletes (8 male and 4 female athletes) performed 2 instructional blocks of 3 snatch repetitions at 80% of their most recent training 1 repetition maximum. Blocks of internal and external instructions were given to the athlete in a random fashion. Results showed that, when focusing internally, athletes significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased elbow velocity relative to focusing externally, whereas the external instructions significantly increased horizontal barbell velocity, relative to internal instructions. Additionally, an internal focus resulted in significantly larger barbell-cervical-hip angles at maximum height of the barbell compared with an external focus, indicating that the athletes squatted under the barbell too soon. This information adds to the literature suggesting small changes in coaching instructions can impact performance significantly. It is recommended that coaches use instructions that direct an athlete's attention externally, toward the movement outcome, rather than the action itself.
Accuracy of a Modified Lactate Minimum Test and Reverse Lactate Threshold Test to Determine Maximal Lactate Steady State
Authors: Wahl Patrick , Manunzio Christian , Vogt Florian , Strütt Sarah , Volmary Prisca , Bloch Wilhelm , Mester Joachim
Published: December 2016

Wahl, P, Manunzio, C, Vogt, F, Strütt, S, Volmary, P, Bloch, W, and Mester, J. Accuracy of a modified lactate minimum test and reverse lactate threshold test to determine maximal lactate steady state. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3489–3496, 2017—This study evaluated the accuracy of a modified lactate minimum test (mLMT), a modified reverse lactate threshold test (mRLT), compared with 2 established threshold concepts (onset of blood lactate accumulation [OBLA] and modified maximal deviation method [mDmax]) to determine power output at maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in cycling. Nineteen subjects performed an mLMT, mRLT, graded exercise test (100 W start, +20 W every 3 minutes) and 3 or more constant-load tests of 30 minutes to determine power output at MLSS. The mLMT and mRLT both consisted of an initial lactate priming segment, followed by a short recovery phase. Afterward, the initial load of the subsequent incremental or reverse segment was calculated individually and was increased or decreased by 10 W every 90 seconds, respectively. The mean difference to MLSS was +2 ± 7 W (mLMT), +5 ± 10 W (mRLT), +9 ± 21 W (OBLA), and +6 ± 14 W (mDmax). The correlation between power output at MLSS and mLMT was highest (r = 0.99), followed by mRLT (r = 0.98), mDmax (r = 0.95), and OBLA (r = 0.90). Because of the higher accuracy of the mLMT and the mRLT to determine MLSS compared with OBLA and mDmax, we suggest both tests as valid and meaningful concepts to estimate power output at MLSS in one single test in moderately trained to well-trained athletes. Additionally, our modified tests provide anaerobic data and do not require detailed knowledge of the subjects' training status compared with previous LMT or RLT protocols.
Validity of BMI-Based Body Fat Equations in Men and Women: A 4-Compartment Model Comparison
Authors: Nickerson Brett S. , Esco Michael R. , Bishop Phillip A. , Fedewa Michael V. , Snarr Ronald L. , Kliszczewicz Brian M. , Park Kyung-Shin
Published: December 2016

Nickerson, BS, Esco, MR, Bishop, PA, Fedewa, MV, Snarr, RL, Kliszczewicz, BM, and Park, K-S. Validity of BMI-based body fat equations in men and women: a 4-compartment model comparison. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 121–129, 2018—The purpose of this study was to compare body mass index (BMI)–based body fat percentage (BF%) equations and skinfolds with a 4-compartment (4C) model in men and women. One hundred thirty adults (63 women and 67 men) volunteered to participate (age = 23 ± 5 years). BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2). BF% was predicted with the BMI-based equations of Jackson et al. (BMIJA), Deurenberg et al. (BMIDE), Gallagher et al. (BMIGA), Zanovec et al. (BMIZA), Womersley and Durnin (BMIWO), and from 7-site skinfolds using the generalized skinfold equation of Jackson et al. (SF7JP). The 4C model BF% was the criterion and derived from underwater weighing for body volume, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for bone mineral content, and bioimpedance spectroscopy for total body water. The constant error (CE) was not significantly different for BMIZA compared with the 4C model (p = 0.74, CE = −0.2%). However, BMIJA, BMIDE, BMIGA, and BMIWO produced significantly higher mean values than the 4C model (all p < 0.001, CEs = 1.8–3.2%), whereas SF7JP was significantly lower (p < 0.001, CE = −4.8%). The standard error of estimate ranged from 3.4 (SF7JP) to 6.4% (BMIJA) while the total error varied from 6.0 (SF7JP) to 7.3% (BMIJA). The 95% limits of agreement were the smallest for SF7JP (±7.2%) and widest for BMIJA (±13.5%). Although the BMI-based equations produced similar group mean values as the 4C model, SF7JP produced the smallest individual errors. Therefore, SF7JP is recommended over the BMI-based equations, but practitioners should consider the associated CE.
Validity of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test in Subelite Female Athletes
Authors: Bruce Lyndell M. , Moule Simon J.
Published: December 2016

Bruce, LM and Moule, SJ. Validity of the 30-15 intermittent fitness test in subelite female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3077–3082, 2017—The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (IFT) as a test in netball using female athletes. Twenty-six female subelite netballers (mean age = 19.7 ± 4.6 years, mean height = 176.0 ± 6.1 cm, mean body mass = 69.7 ± 9.3 kg) completed the yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (yo-yo IRT1) and the 30-15 IFT. Participants performed both assessments 1 week apart before the intervention and both tests 1 week apart after the training intervention (for a total of 4 testing sessions). A 6-week training intervention occurred between the test occasions. Pearson's correlations revealed significant very strong relationships between the 30-15 IFT and yo-yo IRT on both test occasions (test occasion 1: r = 0.71, p = 0.003 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.35–0.89], magnitude of effect, most likely; test occasion 2: r = 0.72, p = 0.001 [95% CI: 0.42–0.88], magnitude of effect, most likely). Repeated-measures analysis of variances examining the effect of position on performance changes revealed main effects for test occasion and a position × test occasion interaction for both the 30-15 IFT and the yo-yo IRT1 (30-15 IFT: test occasion [F
(1,14) = 28.68, p = 0.001, ηp
2 = 0.67], position × test occasion interaction [F
(2,14) = 9.38, p = 0.003, ηp
2 = 0.57]; yo-yo IRT1: test occasion [F
(1,15) = 11.72, p = 0.004, ηp
2 = 0.44], position × test occasion interaction [F
(2,15) = 9.96, p = 0.002, ηp
2 = 0.57]). Results show that the 30-15 IFT is a suitable test for female netballers as it was able to detect improvements in performance after a training intervention, in addition to having a very strong significant relationship with the yo-yo IRT1.
Global snapshots of bacterial RNA networks
Authors: Hör Jens , Vogel Jörg
Published: December 2016

While bacteria were long thought to rely primarily on transcriptional control, it is now well established that they also use numerous small RNAs to regulate mRNA translation and stability. There has recently been a surge in studies, including one by Waters et al () in this issue of The EMBO Journal, that have used clever variations of the RNA‐seq technique to comprehensively map small RNA–target networks.
Model‐guided combinatorial optimization of complex synthetic gene networks
Authors: Schreiber Joerg , Arter Meret , Lapique Nicolas , Haefliger Benjamin , Benenson Yaakov
Published: December 2016

Constructing gene circuits that satisfy quantitative performance criteria has been a long‐standing challenge in synthetic biology. Here, we show a strategy for optimizing a complex three‐gene circuit, a novel proportional miRNA biosensor, using predictive modeling to initiate a search in the phase space of sensor genetic composition. We generate a library of sensor circuits using diverse genetic building blocks in order to access favorable parameter combinations and uncover specific genetic compositions with greatly improved dynamic range. The combination of high‐throughput screening data and the data obtained from detailed mechanistic interrogation of a small number of sensors was used to validate the model. The validated model facilitated further experimentation, including biosensor reprogramming and biosensor integration into larger networks, enabling in principle arbitrary logic with miRNA inputs using normal form circuits. The study reveals how model‐guided generation of genetic diversity followed by screening and model validation can be successfully applied to optimize performance of complex gene networks without extensive prior knowledge.
Effects of amniotic epithelial cell transplantation in endothelial injury
Authors: Vácz Gabriella , Cselenyák Attila , Cserép Zsuzsanna , Benkő Rita , Kovács Endre , Pankotai Eszter , Lindenmair Andrea , Wolbank Susanne , Schwarz Charlotte M. , Horváthy Dénes B. , Kiss Levente , Hornyák István , Lacza Zsombor
Published: December 2016

Purpose

Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) are promising tools for endothelial repair in vascular regenerative medicine. We hypothesized that these epithelial cells are capable of repairing the damaged endothelial layer following balloon injury of the carotid artery in adult male rats.

Results

Two days after injury, the transplanted hAECs were observed at the luminal side of the arterial wall. Then, 4 weeks after the injury, significant intimal thickening was observed in both untreated and cell implanted vessels. Constriction was decreased in both implanted and control animals. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a few surviving cells in the intact arterial wall, but no cells were observed at the site of injury. Interestingly, acetylcholine-induced dilation was preserved in the intact side and the sham-transplanted injured arteries, but it was a trend toward decreased vasodilation in the hAECs’ transplanted vessels.

Conclusion

We conclude that hAECs were able to incorporate into the arterial wall without immunosuppression, but failed to improve vascular function, highlighting that morphological implantation does not necessarily result in functional benefits and underscoring the need to understand other mechanisms of endothelial regeneration.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia and the importance of education of ICU nurses on prevention – Preliminary results
Authors: Mogyoródi Bence , Dunai Erzsébet , Gál János , Iványi Zsolt
Published: December 2016

Background and aims

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) increases intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, ICU mortality, the number of ventilator days, and costs. We implemented a VAP bundle and investigated its efficacy on prevention.

Materials and methods

A prospective observational study was conducted between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 in a 12-bed multidisciplinary ICU. The bundle was implemented on July 02, 2015. Comparative analysis was performed before and after the implementation of the bundle. The compliance of the nurses was also studied.

Results

The incidence of VAP was 21.5/1,000 ventilator days (95% CI: 14.17–31.10) in the first phase and 12.0/1,000 ventilator days (95% CI: 7.2–19.49) in the second phase. Relative risk reduction was 44% (95% CI: −0.5 to 0.98). Most common bacteria identified during the first phase were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Staphylococcus aureus; and in the second phase P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and S. maltophilia were identified. Significant improvement was achieved in the head-of-bed elevation (p = 0.004), oral care (p = 0.01), hand hygiene (p < 0.001), endotracheal suctioning (p = 0.004), and removal of condensate (p = 0.043).

Discussion

The incidence of VAP showed tendency for reduction. The prevalence of nursing-dependent bacteria decreased and compliance in following prevention methods increased.

Conclusion

These results underline the importance of education of prevention methods.
Ancient song re-employed: The use of Regilaul in the music of Veljo Tormis
Authors: Lawrence Mark
Published: December 2016

The music of Veljo Tormis (b. 1930) became well-established in Estonia during the 1960s yet remained little known in the West until the fall of Communism. By incorporating traditional Estonian folk song, regilaul, into his works, Tormis’s name became closely associated for Estonians with upholding a sense of national identity against the Soviet regime. It is his vast output of some 500 choral songs for which he is most immediately recognised; indeed, once regilaul had come to dominate the ‘Tormis style’, he dedicated himself almost exclusively to choral composition. This paper examines regilaul, its impact on Tormis during his formative years, and its integration into his mature compositional style, leading him to claim that he had ‘found his voice’ as a composer.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN N, P, K DAUN BAKAU, Rhizophora mucronata Lamk
Authors: Yulianingsih Reni , Fahrur Mat
Published: December 2016

Abstrak bisa dilihat di Lampiran
KANDUNGAN KIMIAWI BEBERAPA JENIS RUMPUT LAUT DARI PANTAI SELATAN JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Manik Helena , Purdiwoto Bambang
Published: December 2016

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TEKNIK PENGAMBILAN OTOLIT
Authors: Mujimin Mujimin
Published: December 2016

Abstrak bisa dilihat di Lampiran
ANALISIS PIRIT PADA TAMBAK TANAH SULFAT MASAM
Authors: Sabang Rosiana , Nurjanna Nurjanna , Pasande Rifka
Published: December 2016

Abstrak bisa dilihat di Lampiran
Metabolic Acidosis and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Park Seokwoo , Kang Eunjeong , Park Sehoon , Kim Yong Chul , Han Seung Seok , Ha Jongwon , Kim Dong Ki , Kim Sejoong , Park Su-Kil , Han Duck Jong , Lim Chun Soo , Kim Yon Su , Lee Jung Pyo , Kim Young Hoon
Published: December 2016

Metabolic acidosis (MA), indicated by low serum total CO2 (TCO2) concentration, is a risk factor for mortality and progressive renal dysfunction in CKD. However, the long-term effects of MA on kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are unclear. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of 2318 adult KTRs, from January 1, 1997 to March 31, 2015, to evaluate the prevalence of MA and the relationships between TCO2 concentration and clinical outcomes. The prevalence of low TCO2 concentration (<22 mmol/L) began to increase in KTRs with eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and ranged from approximately 30% to 70% in KTRs with eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models revealed that low TCO2 concentration 3 months after transplant associated with increased risk of graft loss (hazard ratio [HR], 1.74%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.26 to 2.42) and death-censored graft failure (DCGF) (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.42). Cox regression models using time-varying TCO2 concentration additionally demonstrated significant associations between low TCO2 concentration and graft loss (HR, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.47 to 4.90), mortality (HR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.77 to 5.62), and DCGF (HR, 3.17; 95% CI, 2.12 to 4.73). Marginal structural Cox models adjusted for time-varying eGFR further verified significant hazards of low TCO2 concentration for graft loss, mortality, and DCGF. In conclusion, MA was frequent in KTRs despite relatively preserved renal function and may be a significant risk factor for graft failure and patient mortality, even after adjusting for eGFR.