bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the Childhood Obesity Require Special Attention? A Cross-sectional Pilot Study
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics, Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, India., Bhanja Sushanta , Mitra Satabdi ,   Department of Community Medicine, Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India., Krishna De Jiban ,   Department of Radiology, Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, India.
Published: July 2023

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity was once a disease of affluent countries but nowadays it is a burning issue in developing countries too. As it is a lifestyle disease, it increases manifold chances of the development of different non-communicable diseases in adult life. The study was conducted to assess the effects of different determinants of childhood obesity. Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the effects of different determinants of childhood obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for six months among seventy-five pediatric out-patient attendees aged 5-18 years of a teaching hospital in West Bengal. Socio-demographic characteristics including physical activity levels were taken with a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory investigations, and carotid intima-medial thickness (CIMT) was measured with B-mode USG. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, version 22, Epi Info, and WHO Anthro plus software, version 1.0.4. Results: Statistically significant association between childhood overweight and obesity was found with exclusive breastfeeding, high lipid profile and blood sugar, physical inactivity, high liver function test, and CIMT values. Conclusions: The alarming increase in childhood overweight and obesity indicates the need for more comprehensive preventive interventions to avoid the pandemic of this impending non-communicable disease.
Development and Validation of E-SelfIMo: E-Learning Self-Directed Interactive Module in Earth Science
Authors:   Sorsogon State University, Sorsogon City, Philippines, Lasala Nestor Jr.
Published: July 2023

This study developed and validated E-learning Self-directed Interactive Modules (E-SelfIMo) for Earth Science. The study employed Research and Development method, using the Borg and Gall development procedure, in creating eight e-modules using Kotobee software, evaluating them by experts and students, and determining their effectiveness in terms of students' conceptual understanding. Experts agreed that E-SelfIMo met the DepEd standards for non-printed learning materials, and students attested to their high validity in content, format, and usefulness. Pretest and posttest results for the effectiveness of E-SelfIMo revealed that students exposed to the E-SelfIMo have progressed from “Near Mastery” to “Near Full Mastery” in the chosen Earth Science topics, showing more significant improvement in their conceptual understanding than the control group. This study concludes that E-SelfIMo supports interactive, active, and self-directed learning thereby, improving students’ motivation, engagement, interest, and performance. The E-SelfIMo could be used with technology integration as a teaching and learning tool.
The Extent of Social Values Inclusion in Jordanian EFL Textbooks
Authors: Al-Jamal Dina AbdulHameed , Bani Younis Amer Bassam , Alazam Ahmad Bassam , Qublan Emad Khlaif
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the inclusion of social values in all reading texts of students' books in Action Pack Series One through Twelve. The study asked how much the Action Pack Series teaches social values like coexistence, cooperation, accepting differences, dialogue, love, peace, and human relationships. A quantitative and qualitative content analysis, with the paragraph as the unit of analysis, is used to answer this question.  The results show that cooperation is the most common value in all twelve Action Pack series while accepting differences is the least common value in the same textbooks. The results show, without a doubt, that social values are common in grades 5–9. On the other hand, the next three classes put less emphasis on social values in the same readings. The researchers have come up with the following suggestions: Based on what the study found, it is suggested that the Ministry of Education offer seminars and training programs to help teachers better understand how texts show social values.
Association of free Tri-iodothyronine Level with Cardiogenic Shock and Prognosis in Patients Hospitalized with Acute STelevation Myocardial Infarction Treated with Streptokinase Therapy
Authors: Huda S M Nazmul , Choudhury Amal Kumar , Jahan Jafrin , Tabassum Masuma , Rahman Atikur , Debnath Deb Dulal
Published: July 2023

Background: Cardiogenic shock is the leading cause of death in patients with Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Low free Tri-iodothyronine (FT3) levels are generally associated with poor prognosis in STEMI patients. This study was done to assess the association between FT3 levels and Cardiogenic shock in patients hospitalized with STEMI treated with streptokinase therapy.

Methods: This was an observational study of 140 patients of STEMI treated with streptokinase therapy in the department of cardiology, NICVD, Dhaka, Bangladesh from October 2018 to September 2019. The patients were divided into low FT3 (FT3 <3.5pmol/L; n = 70) and normal FT3 (FT3 e” 3.5pmol/L; n = 70) groups according to FT3 levels measured within 24 hours after admission.

Results: During the index hospitalization period, 30 patients developed cardiogenic shock, 23(32.9%) in low FT3 group and 7(10.0%) in normal FT3 group. There were 17 deaths with 18.6% in low FT3 group and 5.7% in normal FT3 group (p=0.01). MACE occurred 45.7% in low FT3 group and 18.6%in normal FT3 group (p=0.001). The mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock was 43.3% compared to 3.6% in patients without cardiogenic shock. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed FT3 level was an important predictor for cardiogenic shock in patients hospitalized with STEMI (p=0.01).

Conclusion: Low FT3 levels were strongly associated with cardiogenic shock in patients with STEMI. The FT3 level screening may be a simple and valuable way to predict Cardiogenic shock after STEMI.

Bangladesh Heart Journal 2023; 38(1): 1-7
Wave-Wise Comparison of Demographics, Clinical Characteristics & In-Hospital Outcome of COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: Single Centre Study
Authors: Nesa MaliK Fazila Tun , Kalimuddin Md , Ishraquzzaman Mir , Al Mamun Mohammad Abdullah , Dutta Ashok , Rahman Md Habibur , Kanungo Smita , Laila Nazmun , Chowdhury Md Shamim , Choudhury Sohel Reza
Published: July 2023

Background: Most countries in the world faced two waves of Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). But there is a lack of data regarding the wave-wise comparison of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to compare the demographics, clinical characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes of two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute. From April 3, 2020, to January 28, 2021, was considered the first wave, and from February 27, 2021, to September 25, 2021, was considered the second wave. COVID-positive patients and all admitted patients who became COVID-19 positive during these periods were included in this study for comparison.

Results: The first wave included 727 patients, and the second wave included 858 patients. The mean age of the patients in the first wave was 48.11 15.75 years, and in the second wave it was 50.65 16.63 years. Males were predominant in both waves. Healthcare personnel were less affected during the second wave (11.9% vs. 30.7%; p=0.001). Hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease were more prevalent in the second wave (p 0.05), and dyslipidemia and obesity in the first wave (p<0.05). During the second wave, 80.5% of patients were unvaccinated. Asymptomatic patients were predominant in the second wave (26.9% vs. 17.5%; p=0.001). COVID-19-related symptoms (fever, body ache, headache, anosmia, sore throat, shortness of breath, and diarrhea) were less prominent during the second wave (p<0.05). Oxygen requirements and IV antibiotic use were higher during the second wave (p<0.05). Asymptomatic & severe disease form were prevalent in second wave (p<0.05). Mortality rate was more during second wave (5.1% vs 3.4%; p=0.1). Age > 50 years, severe left ventricular dysfunction, severe and critically ill patients were the independent predictor of mortality.

Conclusion: In comparison to the first wave, during the second wave symptoms were less prominent, asymptomatic and severe disease forms were more prevalent & mortality rate was high. Unvaccinated persons are more prone to affected by COVID-19.

Bangladesh Heart Journal 2023; 38(1): 13-21
Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Patients on Mechanical Ventilation in the Coronary Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Shafi Masuma Jannat , Nasrin Sahela , Iqbal Md Jabed
Published: July 2023

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate clinical characteristics, indications, outcomes, and factors affecting outcomes in adult patients on mechanical ventilation admitted to CCU that will help planning of proper MV management programs. There are few studies in the coronary care unit (CCU) population and even fewer from developing countries.

Methods: All adult patients received MV at Ibrahim cardiac hospital CCU between June 2019 and July 2020 were prospectively recruited. Different demographic, indications, type and characteristics of ventilation, concomitant complications and treatment, outcomes, clinical and laboratory variables were recorded at the initiation of mechanical ventilation and daily, all throughout the course of MV & thereafter.

Results: Out of 1563 patients admitted to the CCU, 138 patients received IMV. Mean age was 64.2±12.1. Male were predominant (71.7% vs. 28.3%). DM was the most common (81.9%) risk factor. Reasons for intubation were as follows: type 1 respiratory failure (40%), type II respiratory failure (35%), and post cardiac arrest (25%). Mostly used mode of ventilation was A/C VCV (96.4%). Invasive MV was associated with high APACHE II score, low admission PH, Po2, and high Pco2. A higher in-coronary care unit death was observed in MV patients (65.2%) while that for MI (70.3%) than survivors (34.8%). CAG±PCI was (5.8%) keeping on MV or after extubation. The mean duration of MV, stay in CCU and hospital were (53.5±5.8, 80.5±7.6 and 128.8±12.0) hours respectively. The main factors independently associated with increased mortality were (i) pre-MV factors: age, APACHE II scores, acute left ventricular failure, and cardiogenic shock, sepsis (64.2±12.1, 39.1±19.2, 65.9%, 81.2%, and 70%). (ii) Patient management factors during ventilation: without positive end-expiratory pressure (65.6%) (iii) Factors occurring over the course of MV: PaO2/FiO2<100 (61.2±18.75) and development of renal failure (47.8%), VAP (40.6%), MODS (21.0%) & ARDS (8.7%) after initiation of MV.

Conclusion: Outcome among mechanically ventilated patients depended on the factors (including patient’s demographics, nature of associated morbidity, characteristics of MV received, and conditions developing over the course of MV). These factors may be present before or develop after initiation of MV as well as on the development of complications and the management protocols in the CCU.

Bangladesh Heart Journal 2023; 38(1): 22-31
Magnitude of ST-Segment Elevation in Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction and the Proximity of Right Coronary Artery Lesion
Authors: Mahmud Khan AKS Zahid , Monsur Helal Khondoker Al , Sayami Lima Asrin , Ahmed Farhana , Shahriar Md Saqif , Islam AKM Monwarul , Ahmed Mohshin , Kumar Gourango , Ali Mahbub , Islam Md Saiful , Ara Mst Ismot
Published: July 2023

Background & objective: Involvement of the right coronary artery frequently occurs in acute inferior myocardial infarction. Typical ECG changes in this condition involve ST-segment elevation in inferior leads. The present study was intended to predict the site of the lesion in the right coronary artery (RCA) in patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction using the height of ST-segment elevation as the predictor variable.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Cardiology, National Institute Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh over a period of one year between July 2010 to June 2011. Patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction admitted to CCU of NICVD within 12 hours of the onset of chest pain and underwent coronary angiography within 4 weeks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were the study population. With the help of a 12-lead ECG, magnitudes of ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF were measured. The highest degree of stenosis along the RCA revealed by an angiogram was accepted as the culprit lesion. The right coronary artery was divided into proximal (from its ostium to the origin of the RV branch), mid (from the RV branch to the acute marginal branch), and distal (from the acute marginal branch onward) parts. The sum of ST-segment elevation was then computed and compared among the three groups of patients divided on the basis of the site of lesion in RCA.

Result: The findings of the study showed that nearly half (48%) of the patients had lesions in the proximal, 38% in the mid, and the rest (14%) in the distal part of the right coronary artery (RCA). While patients with proximal lesions had the highest mean sum of the ST-segment elevation (12.1 ± 0.6 mm), those with distal lesions had the lowest mean sum of the ST-segment elevation (6.1 ± 0.2 mm). The three groups were significantly heterogeneous (p < 0.001). The magnitude of STsegment elevation in Lead II, III, and aVF and the sum of ST-segment elevation all were significantly higher in patients with proximal lesions than those in patients with mid and distal lesions (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The magnitude of ST-segment elevation can predict the site of lesion in RCA in inferior wall myocardial infarction. The greater the height of STsegment elevation, the higher the probability of lying the lesion in the proximal part of the RCA.

Bangladesh Heart Journal 2023; 38(1): 58-62
Association of Cardiac Risk Factors with Socio Demographic Profile in Young Stroke Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh. An Observation Study of 100 Patients.
Authors: Islam Sami Nazrul , Zaman Farhana , Siddiqui Nazia Afrin , Atiquzzaman - , Yasmin Marufa , Chowdhury Mushrefa , Khan Sayeedur Rahman
Published: July 2023

Background: Young people who avoid strokes live longer and have more productive lives than their senior counterparts. The prevalence of the main vascular risk factors in atherosclerosis patients rises with age, starting in early middle age, and declines beyond 70–80 years. The majority of studies on young people are small and single-center, which makes generalization challenging. Stroke risk factors differ between men and women, and vascular risk factors are more prevalent in older age groups of young adult stroke patients.

Objective: The aim of the study is to find out the association of cardiac risk factors in young patients. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the indoor patients in the Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from April 2015 to October 2015. Young stroke patients (15-45 years old) admitted to the hospital were used as the study’s sample size.

Results: According to this study, the majority of patients (36.0%) were between the ages of 41 and 45. The percentages of patients in the 26–30–year–old, 31–35– year–old, and 36–40–year–old age groups were fairly close to one another (18.0%, 20.0%, and 22.0%, respectively). Just 4.0% of the population was under 25. The majority of the patients (64.0%) suffered from valvular heart disease. In addition, 10.0% had ischemic heart disorders, 16.0% had myocardial infarction, and 8.0% had atrial fibrillation. More over 75.0% of stroke patients also had some type of heart illness, according to the Framingham Heart study risk calculation.

Conclusion: Young adults from Bangladesh who suffered an ischemic stroke exhibited a high incidence of known cardiac risk factors, significant sex disparities, and alarmingly rising trends with age in both sexes. Regardless of where a person lives in the nation, preventive actions must be more aggressive and customized to each individual’s specific risk profile.

Bangladesh Heart Journal 2023; 38(1): 81-87
Kamu Yönetiminin Gelişimini Thomas S. Kuhn’un Paradigma Teorisi ile Yeniden Değerlendirmek
Authors: KULLE GÜN Habibe
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışma, Thomas S. Kuhn’un “paradigma” kavramı ile ilgili açıklamalarından faydalanarak kamu yönetiminin gelişiminin değerlendirilmesi üzerine bir incelemedir. Araştırma, kamu yönetiminde meydana gelen değişim Kuhn’un ifade ettiği şekilde paradigma olarak kabul edilebilir mi, sorusunu cevaplamaya çalışmıştır. Bunun için öncelikle Kuhn’un bilimsel incelemede tarihe verdiği öneme değinilmiştir. Daha sonra paradigma kavramı ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Arkasından kamu yönetiminin gelişimi açıklanmıştır. Bu gelişmeye örnek olarak Geleneksel Kamu Yönetimi ve Yeni Kamu Yönetimine değinilmiştir. Takibinde paradigma ile edinilen bilgiler ışığında bu gelişmenin paradigma olarak kabul edilip edilmeyeceği değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak kamu yönetiminin geçirdiği gelişmenin Kuhn’un paradigma tanımlamasına uyduğu görülmüştür. Geleneksel Kamu Yönetiminden, Yeni Kamu Yönetimine geçişin de buna uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yani, Yeni Kamu Yönetimi anlayışı bir paradigma olarak kabul edilebilir. Böylece çalışma, kamu yönetimi ile ilgili tartışılan bu konunun aydınlatılmasına katkı sağlamıştır. Ayrıca konu tartışılırken kamu yönetiminin diğer eksiklikleri de tespit edilmiştir. Bu eksikliklerden bir tanesi olarak karşımıza ders kitaplarının paradigma üretiminde oynadığı rol karşımıza çıkmıştır. Bu duruma çalışmanın son kısmında yer verilmiştir. Burada Kuhn’un açıklamalarından yola çıkarak ders kitaplarının paradigma oluşumunda ve bilimin ilerlemesindeki rolüne kısaca yer verilmiştir. Çalışma kamu yönetiminin gelişiminde dikkat edilecek noktalara dikkat çekmektedir ve kamu yönetimi alanının felsefi kuram ve teoriler ile değerlendirilmesine de katkı sağlamaktadır. Yararlanılan metot, nitel araştırma metotudur.
Social Media Application in Local Governments: Sample of Gaziantep Metropolitan Municipality
Authors: ARSLAN Meryem
Published: July 2023

With the Web 2.0 technology, users have been involved in a mutual interaction process and have started to meet social media tools such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and Youtube. In this process, municipalities, which are the closest units to the public to inform the public about their activities and events and to use social media tools in promotional activities as they provide access to many more people than traditional media tools. In this process, municipalities, which are the closest units to the public, have also followed policies to be closer to the public, to inform the public about their activities and events, and to use social media tools in promotional activities as they provide access to much more people than traditional media tools. Accordingly, social media platforms, which stand out as a new digital communication tool between municipalities and the public, are becoming more and more important every day. Recently, municipalities have been using social media applications intensively in order to share their activities with the public and to promote the city in the process of becoming a brand city. In this study, the reasons for the use of social media tools in municipalities were inquired, and it was investigated whether social media tools contributed to the improvement of the services provided. The aim of the study is to reveal the effect of the use of social media, which is a new media tool, on the public and the municipality. Qualitative research method was used in the study and twelve questions were asked by sending a form to Gaziantep Metropolitan Municipality through a semi-structured interview technique. The results of the research revealed that the use of social media contributed to the promotion of cities and governance, and revealed that municipal administrations made improvements in service delivery and changed their management policies in response to requests and reactions from social media.
Uluslararası İç Denetim Standartları Açısından Türk Bankacılık Sisteminin İncelenmesi: Bir Kamu Bankası Örneği
Authors: KOLOĞLU İdris
Published: July 2023

Dünyada son yıllarda bankacılık sektöründe önemli gelişmeler yaşanmış olup, Türkiye de bu gelişmeleri yakından takip etmiş ve bankacılıkla ilgili birçok düzenlemeyi hızla hayata geçirmiştir. Bu düzenlemelerin önemli bir kısmı da bankalardaki iç denetim fonksiyonunun daha etkin ve verimli çalışabilmesine yönelik düzenlemelerdir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın konusu, Basel Bankacılık Denetim Komitesi (BCBS) tarafından bankacılıkta esas alınan Uluslararası İç Denetçiler Enstitüsü (IIA)’nün iç denetim tanımı ile birlikte, iç denetime ilişkin uluslararası meslek etik ilkeleri, davranış kuralları ve iç denetim standartlarının, Türk bankacılık sisteminde ne oranda uygulama alanı bulduğunun incelenmesidir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış olup, ilk olarak literatür taraması ve mevzuat incelemesi yapılmıştır. Daha sonra bir kamu bankasında rapor ve doküman analizine dayalı olarak standart karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmalar sonucunda, bankadaki iç denetim tanımının, Uluslararası İç Denetçiler Enstitüsü (IIA)’nün iç denetim tanımı ile kısmen uyumlu olduğu; bankanın etik ilke ve davranış kurallarının ise Enstitü’nün etik ilke ve davranış kuralları ile “objektiflik”, “gizlilik” ve “yetkinlik” yönlerinden uyumlu, “dürüstlük” yönünden ise uyumsuz olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca bu bankada Uluslararası İç Denetim Nitelik Standartları ile uyumlu standart oranı %42,10, uyumsuz standart oranı %42,10 ve kısmen uyumlu standart oranı %15,78; Uluslararası İç Denetim Performans Standartları ile uyumlu standart oranı %69,70, kısmen uyumlu standart oranı %24,24 ve uyumsuz standart oranı ise %6,06 olarak bulunmuştur. Böylece elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde Türk bankacılık sisteminde iç denetimin uluslararası standartlara uyum düzeyinin arttırılmasına yönelik dört adet öneri geliştirilmiştir.
Özel Askeri Şirketler Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: İLBAŞ Serdal
Published: July 2023

Özel askeri şirketler, günümüzde gittikçe çatışma bölgelerinde belirleyici rol oynamaktadırlar. Bir tarafta büyük devletlerin çatışma bölgelerine müdahale isteksizliği, diğer tarafta çatışma bölgelerinde nispeten daha zayıf olan devletlerin eğitimli askerlere olan ihtiyacı özel askeri şirket endüstrinin gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Bundan dolayı çatışma bölgelerinde yer alan devletler; etkin, eğitimli ve maliyet olarak daha uygun olan özel askeri şirketlerin hizmetlerine başvurmaları kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Diğer tarafta bu şirketlerin çatışma bölgelerinde kullanılması bazı hukuksal sorunları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu şirketler; egemen devletin kuvvet kullanma tekelinin aşınmasını, insan haklarının ihlali ve savaş hukukuna riayet edilmemesi gibi sorunların neden olmaktadırlar. Ayrıca bu yapıların silahlı olması ve uluslararası hukuk tarafından henüz sınırlandırılmamış olması, gelecekte devletlere karşı bir güç olma endişesine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada özel askeri şirketler ile ilgili genel bilgi verilerek, bu şirketlerin statüleri ve karıştıkları olaylar baz alınarak gelecekte oluşacak sorunlara değinilmektedir.
Uluslararası Hukukta Yapay Zekâ Teknolojisi
Authors: YAZAR Enes
Published: July 2023

Teknolojik gelişmeler her geçen gün hayatımızı değiştirmekte ve şekillendirmektedir. İnsanoğlunun en önemli teknolojik keşiflerinden biri de yapay zekâdır. Yapay zekâ, hayatın birçok alanında kullanılan bir teknolojidir. Bilişim, tıp, sanayi ve hukuk gibi alanlarda aktif bir şekilde kullanılan bu teknolojiye artık evimizi süpürürken bile rastlamak mümkündür. Hızla gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte yapay zekâ da kendine yeni alanlar bulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada birçok alanda kullanılan yapay zekâ teknolojisinin uluslararası hukuk alanında kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı araştırılmıştır. Öncelikle yapay zekâ teknolojisi hakkında genel anlamda tanımlamalar yapılmış, devamında ise yapay zekânın, hukuk dâhil mevcut kullanım alanları örnekler ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirmeler referans alınarak yapay zekânın uluslararası hukuk disiplininde kullanılabileceği alanlar ile bu alanlarda nasıl kullanılabileceğine yönelik aşamalı yöntemler önerilmiştir. Son olarak da yapay zekânın uluslararası hukuk alanında kullanımına ilişkin riskler analiz edilmiştir. Günümüz teknolojisi ile birçok insanın hayatını etkileyecek kararlar verebilecek bir yapay zekâ oluşturmak henüz mümkün değildir. Ancak teknolojik gelişim hızı ve ihtiyaçlar dikkate alındığında konunun tartışılması ve nasıl olacağı konusunda fikirsel üretimlere başlanılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma da bu konuda bir altlık görevi üstlenerek genel bir perspektif sunmayı hedeflemiştir.
Türkiye’de Hükümet Sistemlerinin Yerel Yönetimler Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: GÜLER Erdal , ÇİÇEK Ali
Published: July 2023

Hükümet sistemleri, devlet organları arasında yer alan yasama ve yürütme erklerinin nasıl oluştuğu, sorumlulukların nasıl dağıldığı ve bu erkler arasındaki esneklik veya sertliğine göre nasıl şekillendiğini ifade etmektedir. Günümüz demokratik hükümet sistemleri arasında en bilinenleri başkanlık sistemi, parlamenter sistem ve yarı başkanlık sistemidir. Türk kamu yönetiminde hükümet sistemleri tartışması uzun bir tarihsel sürece sahiptir. Yerel yönetimlerde kamu yönetiminin bir alt bileşeni olarak bu değişikliklerden etkilenmektedir. Fakat ülkemizde literatürdeki hükümet modellerinin dışında 2018 yılından sonra Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemine geçilmiş ve bu modele karşıt olarak da Millet İttifakı tarafından Güçlendirilmiş Parlamenter Sistem modeli ileri sürülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi ve Güçlendirilmiş Parlamenter Sistem modelinde yer alan anayasal ve yürütmeye ilişkin değişikliklerin yerel yönetimler üzerindeki etkisine değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi literatür taramasına dayalıdır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre, ülkemize özgü hükümet modelleri çerçevesinde yerel yönetimlerin de kamu yönetiminin etkisinde birtakım değişim ve dönüşüm geçirdiği görülmekle beraber yerel yönetimlerin güçlendirilmesi için hükümet sisteminde herhangi bir değişikliğe koşut olmadığı ileri sürülmektedir.
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF STOCK TURNOVER AND CASH FLOW ON THE NET PROFIT MARGIN OF PT INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES BATAM
Authors: Harahap Baru , Effendi Syahril , Wangdra Ronald
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate how the earnings of PT Infineon Technologies Batam were impacted by stock turnover and cash flow between 2018 and 2022. The R Square test findings indicate that 20.8% of the net profit margin can be attributed to the stock turnover and cash flow variables, while the remaining 29.2% is explained by other unexamined factors. The t-test results reveal that the number of inventories has a significant negative effect on the net profit margin, as evidenced by a value of less than -2.299 and a significant level of 0.002 < 0.05. Similarly, the cash flow variable had a significant negative effect on the net profit margin, as evidenced by a t-test value of 3.159 and a significant level of 0.001 < 0.05.
Analysis of the Effect of Islamic Holidays on Stock Returns in the Indonesian Capital Market
Authors: Ramdani Edon
Published: July 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of Islamic religious holidays on stock returns in the Indonesian Capital Market. Islamic holidays in Indonesia consist of Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Isra Miraj, Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW and the Hijri New Year. The study used a different test, with a non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test because the data were not normally distributed. The research data uses the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) for the period 2006 to 2021. The test results show that Islamic religious holidays in Indonesia have no effect on the capital market. For further research, it is recommended to also examine the impact on trading volume and stock prices, to test whether Islamic religious holidays really have no effect on the Indonesian Capital Market.

 

Keywords: Analysis, Effect, Holidays Islam, Stock Return, Indonesian Capital Market
The Role of Market Orientation and Product Quality on Competitive Advantage in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Batam City
Authors: Herman Hendri , Suyono Suyono
Published: July 2023

Small and Medium Enterprises certainly want their businesses to make a profit so that business actors can continue to run their business activities. The success of a business is certainly inseparable from the Competitive Advantage possessed by the business. Small and medium enterprises certainly have a major contribution to the rolling of the wheels of a country's economy, not only because small and medium enterprises are seeds that enable the growth of large businesses, but also because small and medium enterprises provide certain services for the community which for large businesses are considered less efficient in cost. The object of this research is Small and Medium Enterprises located in the city of Batam. Data collection techniques in this study are using the help of questionnaire distribution, conducting direct interviews with small and medium enterprises as respondents. The results of the study stated that market orientation has a significant effect on competitive advantage, product quality has a significant effect on competitive advantage, market orientation and product quality simultaneously have a significant effect on competitive advantage
SHARE PRICE ANALYSIS OF PT HEXINDO ADIPERKASA, TBK AT THE TIME DATE AND EX DATE
Authors: L. Tobing Vargo Christian , Simatupang Eva Malina
Published: July 2023

Shares are proof that investors have an interest in the company. The company's stock price always fluctuates. Many factors cause the stock price of a company to fluctuate. In this study, the company used as the object of research was PT Hexindo Adiperkasa, Tbk. The data used as research material was data on the company's stock price in September, which was 1 week before the date and 1 week after the ex date. Because September is the time when the opportunity for potential investors or investors to own shares of issuers in order to get profits in the form of dividends. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the share price of issuers before the date has increased, because many potential investors or investors have made requests to buy shares. However, during the ex date and a few days after the ex date, the company's stock price declined. This is because many investors make offers or sales of shares. The number of investors who make offers or sells shares is more than the demand for buying shares, conditions like this cause a decrease in stock prices
Personal Food System Mapping
Authors: Wilsey David , Dover Sally
Published: July 2023

Personal food system mapping is a practical means to engage community participants and educators in individualized and shared learning about food systems, decisions, and behaviors. Moreover, it is a useful approach for introducing the food system concept, which is somewhat abstract. We developed the approach to capture diversity of personal food systems within a community food system and to better understand how it might inform program development. We found mapping to be a useful tool with beneficial applications outside our intended domain. Aggregated map data also provided a useful approximation of the community food system
4-H and Aquatic Robotics
Authors: McNeill Brian , Jirik Patrick , Rugg Bradley
Published: July 2023

4-H is positioned to engage youth in the areas of environment and engineering. This article shares how Minnesota is engaging youth and adults to identify and solve community issues with the use of an aquatic remotely operated vehicle (ROV). After creating a new program design, the team has attracted new skilled volunteers and new youth to create youth-adult partnerships to take action in the community.
Assessing Irrigation Water Quality for pH, Salts, & Alkalinity
Authors: Park Dara , White Sarah , Menchyk Nick
Published: July 2023

Proper irrigation management is increasingly critical as demand and competition for high quality, potable water grows. Coupled with identifying all potential stressors, accurate interpretation of water quality reports is essential to irrigation managers because management practices affect both soil and plant health. The complex nature of information given in water quality reports makes interpretation and selection and implementation of appropriate management options difficult for many stakeholders. Therefore, an easy-to-follow flow chart was developed for use by Extension agents to aid in consultations with stakeholders' about their water quality reports.
Going the Distance Part 2: Five Ways of Teaching an Extension Course: Elive, Blackboard, Teleconference, Correspondence, and Face-to-Face
Authors: Rader Heidi , Hanna Virgene , Spiers Kent , Kienenberger Donovan
Published: July 2023

Remote and widely dispersed clientele in Alaska create a need for effective distance-delivery programs. Extension agents often travel via small airplane, snow machine, or boat to teach face-to-face classes in off-road communities. Effective and more cost-efficient delivery methods are needed. We taught a course for beginning farmers residing throughout Alaska using five delivery methods: Elluminate Live!, Blackboard, teleconference, correspondence, and face-to-face. We evaluated these delivery methods based on five areas: accessibility of delivery method, course completion, knowledge gain, plans to use skills, and student satisfaction. Our findings will help Extension professionals design distance-delivered programs suited to their target audience.
Sugar Free with Justin T.: Diabetes Education Through Community Partnerships
Authors: Thomas Justin , Donaldson Joseph
Published: July 2023

This article describes the design, development, and delivery of an Extension community cable television program, Sugar Free with Justin T., in Roane County, Tennessee. The program targets diabetics, pre-diabetics, and those who care for them, with practical information and demonstrations to improve dietary quality. In addition to television, program videos are posted to the county Extension Facebook page for greater exposure. This innovative approach is the result of extensive Extension and community partnerships, and the article highlights the roles of these varied partners, including the local community college that films, edits, and produces Sugar Free with Justin T.
Does Landowner Awareness and Knowledge Lead to Sustainable Forest Management? A Vermont Case Study
Authors: Germain Rene’ , Ellis Bryan , Stehman Stephen
Published: July 2023

Family forest owners control 40% of forestland in the United States. Timber harvesting on family forests represents a critical component of the nation's wood supply. We examined how awareness and knowledge translated into actual forest management practices. We conducted field surveys on 59 family forest properties, coupled with a landowner survey designed to measure landowner engagement. We determined that engaged landowners implemented silviculture and Best Management Practices at a higher level than their less engaged counterparts. Improvement was needed across the board. Forestry Extension professionals should continue to promote and re-enforce awareness and knowledge among landowners.
Farming—It's So Citified: An Urban Agriculture Marketing Campaign
Authors: Browning Matthew , Herrick Stacy
Published: July 2023

The marketing campaign of the inaugural West Virginia Urban Agriculture Conference, a project between West Virginia State University (WVSU) and West Virginia University Extension Services and partnering agencies, was a tremendous success. The WVSU communications team developed an innovative, character-driven campaign combining urban and rural elements for a unique visual messaging strategy. The cornerstone of the campaign was Chicken Stu, the official "spokes-chicken" of the conference, who shared his journey from the farm to the city via social media. The campaign generated buzz, surpassed goals, and illustrates the impact of innovative social media marketing in promoting Extension initiatives.
Distilling Research into Actionable Knowledge: An Assessment of a Conservation Buffer Guide
Authors: Bentrup Gary , Emery Mary , Damery Nikki , Flora Cornelia
Published: July 2023

Agriculture and natural resources Extension professionals face increasing challenges in delivering evidence-based information to clients. Illustrated design guidelines may offer one tool for presenting useful information, particularly when delivering assistance for multifunctional solutions. Using conservation buffers as the technical topic, the study reported here evaluated resource professionals' perception and use of design guidelines to communicate technical information for planning and designing buffers for multiple goals. Overall, the results provide favorable support for design guidelines. The study offers insight into what constitutes effective guidelines, and these lessons learned may be applicable to other topics in Extension programming.
Interdependence: Ninth and Newest Critical Element for 4-H Positive Youth Development
Authors: Astroth Kirk
Published: July 2023

For the past 15 years, a list of eight critical elements has provided a strong foundation for articulating the positive youth development focus of 4-H programs and efforts. Now it is time to revisit this list and update the critical elements for positive youth development. Interdependence is proposed as a ninth critical element that should be included. Research is cited for the importance of this element that was not included in the original list in 1998, and a call is made for a national think tank to update the critical elements.
Is Our Service in Vain? Relevant Roles of an Extension Service as Perceived by County-Level Employees
Authors: Barnes Thelma
Published: July 2023

Agriculture continues to be the primary focus of most Extension organizations, although farming operations decreased significantly between 1950 and 1997. Extension organizations have been encouraged to redirect program focuses to be inclusive of nontraditional audiences and to remain vital. These organizations should identify and adopt new roles to avoid an impending demise. This article summarizes research conducted to identify relevant organizational roles as perceived by county-level Extension employees working for an Extension service in the Southeastern United States. These roles can be used as a foundation for planning and implementing programs that are conducive to the needs of today's clientele.
Marijuana Legalization & Extension: A Growing Dilemma
Authors: Dodge Kathryn
Published: July 2023

The legalization of marijuana is gaining momentum. Twenty-three states and D.C. have legalized medical marijuana, and two are considering it. Four states have legalized recreational marijuana, and another 11 are considering following their lead. Extension brands itself as extending research to help families and small farmers grow crops. However, because Extension receives federal funding, Extension has decreed that we not help patients, caregivers, growers, processors, or retailers raise and harvest this finicky crop. We seek to be relevant. Do we need to find a way to help our urban and rural clients deal with this complicated, current, and controversial issue?
Delivering Extension to the Living Room Using Internet TV
Authors: Rice Grant
Published: July 2023

Television is a widely adopted source for viewing educational information. Unfortunately, producing a television show on network television can be costly and time consuming. Internet TV offers Extension video content producers the opportunity to create a niche topic channel quickly and at low cost. Internet TV offers viewers a low-cost and comfortable way to watch educational Extension programming on their home television. As of March 2014, there have been a total of 72,063 video views on the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service's sub-channel within the AgSmart Roku Channel.
Eagle Adventure: School-Based Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Program Results in Improved Outcomes Related to Food and Physical Activity
Authors: Amos Angelina , Parker Stephany , Mata Sara , Fox Jill , Jackson Teresa , Miracle Sarah , Hermann Janice
Published: July 2023

The Eagle Adventure program was designed as a semester-long, SNAP-Ed program to address food and physical activity choices important for prevention of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other chronic diseases. The program was developed for implementation in Grades 1-3. This article presents findings from two participating grade centers inclusive of Grades1-2. The elementary school-based program not only addresses health-related behaviors in a culturally relevant and responsive way, but also serves as a potential model for promoting diversity inclusion in Extension programming.
Extension Must Adopt Mobile-Friendly Websites
Authors: Jones Matthew , Doll David , Taylor Owen
Published: July 2023

Mobile phones and tablets have become important tools for accessing information on the Web. We have found visitors to The Almond Doctor Extension blog and AgFax.com are increasingly using smart phones and tablets rather than desktop computers. However, only 40% of Extension websites have mobile-friendly layouts, and websites that are frustrating to use on mobile devices may be a deterrent to Web traffic and use of services. Therefore, it is critical for Extension websites to develop mobile-friendly designs to increase Extension's presence on the Internet and maintain its relevance to current and future clientele.
Using Needs Assessment as a Tool to Strengthen Funding Proposals
Authors: Angima Sam , Etuk Lena , King Dave
Published: July 2023

In an increasingly competitive funding environment, Extension Services nationwide seek to diversify their funding bases to conduct successful programming and communicate impact to stakeholders. In this article we suggest the use of the Proposal Enhancement Tool, a needs assessment based approach of determining the gap between the current situation and the desired situation, as it applies to a defined audience. This approach requires principal investigators to engage communities in defining the existing problems, determining causes of those problems, and collectively developing solutions to address them. When followed, this approach increases the potential for more successful grant proposals.
The 4-H Club Meeting: An Essential Youth Development Strategy
Authors: Cassels Alicia , Post Liz , Nestor Patrick
Published: July 2023

The club meeting has served as a key delivery method for 4-H programming across the United States throughout its history. A survey of WV 4-H community club members reinforces the body of evidence that the 4-H club meeting is an effective vehicle for delivering positive youth learning opportunities within the umbrella of the Essential Elements of 4-H youth development programming. This article discusses the findings of the West Virginia study and addresses the delivery of effective 4-H club programming that incorporates the Essential Elements.
Using IMPLAN to Evaluate the Economic Contribution of 4-H to Colorado and Individual Counties
Authors: Hill Rebecca
Published: July 2023

Current economic conditions have made it essential for Extension programs such as 4-H to justify continued public investments. Past studies have examined the positive youth development aspects of 4-H, but do not look at the economic contributions of the program. Using individual record book data for the state of Colorado, the study reported here analyzes the contribution of 4-H to both the state economy and individual counties. We find that Colorado 4-H contributes over $45 million dollars and 242 employees to the state economy.
Creating a Model for Successful Microenterprise Development (MED) Programs
Authors: Ellzey Nancy , Moss Myra , Blaine Thomas
Published: July 2023

Communities seek to offer effective financing programs to encourage entrepreneurs and support the growth of microenterprises. Community economic development strategies have changed in recent years from traditional industrial recruitment to microenterprise development (MED), which is considered to be as a more viable, long-term strategy to create jobs and grow local economies. This article provides a framework for an effective microenterprise financing program based on the model created by a rural community in Ohio and offers suggestions as to how this framework may be used by researchers and practitioners to identify best practices in the microenterprise financing realm.
Extension Sustainability Camp: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation
Authors: Brain Roslynn , Upton Sally , Tingey Brett
Published: July 2023

Sustainability Camps provide an opportunity for Extension educators to be in the forefront of sustainability outreach and to meet the growing demand for sustainability education. This article shares development, implementation, and evaluation of an Extension Sustainability Camp for youth, grades 4-6. Camp impact was measured via daily pre- and post-journaling activities, changes in camper lunch waste produced, and a retrospective post-then-pre household evaluation follow-up. Significant awareness and behavioral changes were documented with sustainability topics ranging from land conservation to renewable energy. The camp structure and evaluation design could serve as a model for Extension educators interested in sustainability outreach.
A Review of Extension Master Gardener Training Manuals from Around the United States
Authors: Moore Kathleen , Bradley Lucy
Published: July 2023

Extension Master Gardener Volunteers (EMGVs) are recruited and trained to answer questions and diagnose gardening problems for the public. Most states have developed an EMGV Manual for use in the initial training. Thirty-two EMGV Training manuals from across the United States were reviewed for form and content. While many of the manuals have common themes, climate and cultural differences are reflected in regionally specific subject areas. There are a wide variety of manuals to meet the varying needs of EMGV Training programs.
Pick it! Try it! Like it!: A Grocery Store-Based Approach to Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Authors: Wells Karlys , Stluka Suzanne , McCormack Lacey
Published: July 2023

Grocery stores can serve as a location to promote increased fruit and vegetable consumption. Pick it! Try it! Like it! is a collection of resources providing information on 43 different fruits and vegetables that can be grown in Midwestern climates, being used in grocery stores as point-of-purchase education. An evaluation of individuals who shopped in grocery stores where materials were being used showed program recognition increased before and after implementation. Information obtained regarding shopping and food preparation habits will allow for further refining of materials. These materials, in addition to materials targeting youth and seniors, promote fruits and vegetables community-wide.
Pre-Gas Drilling Drinking Water Testing—An Educational Opportunity for Extension
Authors: Swistock Bryan , Clark James
Published: July 2023

The increase in shale gas drilling in Pennsylvania has resulted in thousands of landowners receiving pre-drilling testing of their drinking water. Landowners often have difficulty understanding test reports resulting in low awareness of pre-existing problems. Extension and several partners developed a program to improve understanding of pre-drilling water tests. Educational workshops with various companion publications and websites were used by 79% of participants, and follow-up evaluations found that nearly all were able to understand their test reports and that 80% had taken actions on their water supplies. The program represents an emerging educational opportunity for Extension in shale gas drilling regions.