bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Latin America Has Embraced Ecotourism
Authors: Hunt Carter A.
Published: February 2022

Latin America is where ecotourism got an early start, and where it remains best represented today. In this essay, brief comparative cases, from the Galápagos to Costa Rica, demonstrate how understanding the value of ecotourism requires consideration of the alternative economic activities and forms of tourism likely to occur in its absence. By distinguishing its relative effectiveness as a strategy for meeting human needs while protecting the environment, we can better understand why the committed application of ecotourism remains a major conservation strategy that environmentalists are promoting over the alternatives and implementing across Latin America.
Reframing Centuries of Cuban Lives
Authors: Hoffnung-Garskof Jesse
Published: February 2022

A new history of the intertwined stories of Cuba and the United States operates at the human scale to provide fresh perspectives on the impacts of international politics on Cubans’ everyday lives, from the Spanish colonial era through the heyday of US imperialism to the present.
Serving up a Slice of Entrepreneurship on Campus
Authors: Abdinnour Sue , Meinecke Rachelle , Parcell Lisa , Price Jay M.
Published: February 2022

An interdisciplinary team at Wichita State University with individuals from the departments of Business, Communication, History, and Museum Studies worked with a design firm to rehabilitate the first Pizza Hut into a museum, an endeavor that crossed the boundaries of academic, institutional, and corporate voices. Following the university’s commitment to accessibility, shared authority became an asset in showing how the latest technology was not always the solution, as well as how universal design helped reach a broad range of audiences. The result has been a facility that is a unique intersection of brand history, the study of entrepreneurship, and accessibility.
Community policing in action
Authors: Fenton Arden , Anthony Kelly
Published: February 2022

The Waterloo Regional Police Service’s Community Resource Officer (CRO) program is a 911 call diversion program that redirects high-need individuals from traditional policing towards a specialized police unit. This unit was designed to decrease incidents reported by services and community members by connecting program users to existing community services. Through conducting an impartial evaluation, this study hopes to determine the CRO program’s effectiveness and improve the CRO program and its utilization of associated programs. This study will perform and analyze interviews of stakeholder opinions and feedback and create a program logic model for future program development and evaluation.Interviews were conducted with 12 CROs and five social service employees. To determine the effectiveness of the program, a second phase of the study will be required which will include program user opinions and quality indicator development. Based on phase one interviews, a logic model was created, and strengths and weaknesses were analyzed. Program strengths include connections to services, access to the target population and adaptability. Some program weaknesses include low community awareness, low resources for community needs, and vague roles/responsibilities. These weaknesses can be resolved through external publishing, increasing resources, formalizing the program, and additional training.
Generational Giving: Japanese High School Students’ Motivation to Donate Blood
Authors: Kinoshita Luna , Goto Aya , Kashimura Makoto , Watanabe Norihiko , Nollet Kenneth
Published: February 2022

Background: As the number of young people in Japan decreases, the proportion of them who donate blood warrants urgent attention. The aims of this investigation were to test whether students’ motivation of “doing good for others” associated with their blood donation behavior and to explore factors associated with their motivation. Methods: Fukushima Red Cross Blood Donor Center conducted a questionnaire survey in 2018 at 10 high schools in Fukushima Prefecture (N=4506). From the database, we analyzed the factors associated with motivation as assessed by the perception of “doing good for others” using chi-square tests and binomial logistic regression. Results: The percentage of those answering “doing good for others” as “important” was 67.2%. Students who donated blood more often tended to cite “doing good for others” as important. The probability of regarding this perception as important was significantly higher among females, those with better subjective health, and those knowing their own blood type and donation eligibility criteria. Conclusion: Health promotion activities that improve subjective perceptions of one’s health may reinforce students’ awareness of blood donation as “doing good for others” that might promote frequent donation. Our results also support greater outreach to male students and improving students’ knowledge related to blood donation.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ТЕПЛООБМІНУ В СОНЯЧНИХ ТЕРМОДИНАМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМАХ З НАНОРІДИНОЮ В ЯКОСТІ ТЕПЛОНОСІЯ
Authors: Borysenko A. G. , Knysh L. I.
Published: February 2022

Об’єктом дослідження в даній роботі є процеси тепломасопереносу в системі прийому тепла сонячної термодинамічної системи, де пропонується використовувати новий тип теплоносія – нанорідину. Розроблено математичну модель та створено числовий алгоритм для визначення температурних полів в нанорідині, що рухається всередині трубчатого теплоприймального каналу. На основі апроксимації експериментальних даних побудовано залежності теплофізичних властивостей нанорідини від температури та концентрації наночастинок; ці залежності враховано в математичній моделі. Проведено верифікацію отриманих числових результатів шляхом порівняння з результатами тестової задачі, що має аналітичний розв’язок. Доведено, що додавання наночастинок оксиду алюмінію Al2O3 в традиційний теплоносій сонячних станцій Syltherm800 сприяє інтенсифікації конвективного теплообміну в теплоприймальному каналі, що, в разі вибору оптимальних геометричних та термодинамічних параметрів, може значно підвищити загальну енергетичну ефективність системи перетворення.
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ПРОЕКЦІЙНО-ІТЕРАЦІЙНОГО ПІДХОДУ ДО РОЗВ’ЯЗАННЯ ЗАДАЧІ НЕЙМАНА ДЛЯ КВАЗІЛІНІЙНОГО ЕЛІПТИЧНОГО РІВНЯННЯ З ПАРАМЕТРОМ
Authors: Hart L. L.
Published: February 2022

Для розв’язання залежного від числового параметра квазілінійного еліптичного рівняння другого порядку з граничними умовами Неймана теоретично обґрунтовано проекційно-ітераційний процес, оснований на методі скінченних різниць і ітераційному методі Ньютона. Запропоновано ефективну обчислювальну схему проекційноітераційного методу на основі скінченно-різницевого методу та ітераційного процесу, подібного до методу Ньютона (із заміною оберненого оператора до похідної на близький до нього оператор в кожній точці процесу).
АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЯ РЕЙТИНГОВОГО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ НАУКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ
Authors: Drobakhin O. O. , Guk N. A. , Tkachenko M. O.
Published: February 2022

У статті розглянуто рейтинговий підхід до оцінювання діяльності науковопедагогічних працівників закладів вищої освіти та питання його автоматизації. Запропоновано модель автоматизованої системи рейтингової оцінки діяльності викладача, методику формування рейтингу, архітектуру системи, розглянуто особливості реалізації системи. Проведено аналіз результатів за узагальненими даними по групам посад, по кафедрам, факультетам.
АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДУ УПРАВЛІННЯ СОНЯЧНИМ ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯМ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ОРБІТАЛЬНИХ ДЗЕРКАЛ
Authors: Krasnoshapka D. V. , Zolotko K. Y.
Published: February 2022

Проведено аналіз методу управління сонячним випромінюванням з використанням орбітальних дзеркал. Під час аналізу було визначено площу орбітальних дзеркал, необхідну для компенсації глобального потепління і повернення середньої температури поверхні Землі до доіндустріального рівня. Знайдено динаміку температури поверхні Землі при використанні методу управління сонячним випромінюванням з використанням орбітальних дзеркал.
DESPOSESIÓN, ARRAIGO, COALICIONES Y SUBJETIVACIÓN POLÍTICA DE POBLADORES PAMPEANOS Y BANQUINEROS DEL CHACO, ARGENTINA
Authors: Rotman Joaquín , Miano María Amalia , Heras Ana Inés
Published: February 2022

Se presenta un análisis de procesos socio-comunitarios rurales en las Provincias de Buenos Aires y Chaco, Argentina, relevados desde 1991 y 2015 —respectivamente—, con un enfoque etnográfico colaborativo. La metodología de análisis se construyó a partir de la combinación de la etnografía y la sociolingüística, así como al relacionar dichos enfoques con otras disciplinas (psicología social, sociología y filosofía política) se construyó un marcoconceptual desde el que se interpretan los dos procesos mencionados. Los principales resultados refieren que, a través de este marco de trabajo, es posible identificar e interpretar acciones que configuran procesos de subjetivación política que de otra manera pasarían desapercibidas. Esas acciones refieren a la singularización, la creación de vincularidad y la disputa contra el arrasamiento.
UNA PROPUESTA DE CRITERIOS DE SELECCIÓN DE INSTRUMENTOS PARA INTERVENCIONES EN CULTURA CIUDADANA, APROXIMACIÓN AL PROBLEMA ÉTICO
Authors: Cano Carolina A. , Silva Jaramillo Santiago
Published: February 2022

Este artículo revisa algunos de los instrumentos utilizados desde el enfoque de cultura ciudadana para el diseño y la implementación de políticas públicas. En particular, propone la consideración de cinco criterios de evaluación para la selección de estos instrumentos como alternativas de solución en las políticas de cultura ciudadana, al asumir las discusiones sobre criterios funcionales y preocupaciones éticas en su utilización. Se enmarca en el esfuerzo colectivo por seguir ampliando la conversación académica sobre el enfoque de cultura ciudadana.
BUILDING DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES – A FACTOR FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRM
Authors: Marichova A.
Published: February 2022

Purpose: In recent years, every firm is facing serious challenges related to the implementation of the principles of sustainable development, which requires a significant change in strategic behavior, strategic decisions and company actions.The aim of the study is to develop a practicable model of dynamic capabilities supporting the sustainable development of the firm, which includes recognizable, understandable and measurable components for managers, and ensures the realization of competitive advantages in the three dimensions (economic, environmental and social) and performance, taking into account the dynamics of the environment.
Method: The study uses a method based on data collection through an online survey and statistical analysis of dependencies in the model, using a correlation coefficient.
Results: The results of an empirical study conducted in 123 firms operating in different markets will prove the interrelationships and dependencies in the developed model of dynamic capabilities, supporting sustainability and their impact on the process of building competitive advantages.
Conclusions: The research and the conclusions made prove the necessity from building dynamic capabilities, supporting the sustainable development of the firm, as a factor that ensures the realization of competitive advantages in the three dimensions (economic, environmental and social) and performance, taking into account the dynamics of the environment.
A klinikai pszichológia 30 éve
Authors: Péley Bernadette
Published: February 2022

A klinikai pszichológia megalapozása a gyakorlati alkalmazás oldatáról kezdődött, a diagnosztikai módszerek rendszerezésével és adaptálásával. Az elmúlt harminc évben széles területet lefedő kutatások születtek, és maga a klinikai pszichológia is differenciálódott. A fejlődési pszichopatológia új perspektívát jelent a klinikai pszichológiai gondolkodásban, ami jól követhető a különböző pszichopatológiai jelenségek kutatásaiban is.

The foundations of clinical psychology started from professional practice, with the systematization and adaptation ofdia,gnostic methods. Over the last thirty years, research has been carried out in various fields, and clinical psychology has differentiated. Developmental psychopathology represents a new perspective in clinical psychological thinking. This new framework induces recent researches in multiple psychopathological phenomena.
Analysis of the dependence of critical electric field on semiconductor bandgap
Authors: Slobodyan Oleksiy , Flicker Jack , Dickerson Jeramy , Shoemaker Jonah , Binder Andrew , Smith Trevor , Goodnick Stephen , Kaplar Robert , Hollis Mark
Published: February 2022

Understanding of semiconductor breakdown under high electric fields is an important aspect of materials’ properties, particularly for the design of power devices. For decades, a power-law has been used to describe the dependence of material-specific critical electrical field ($${\mathcal{E}}_{\text{crit}}$$

E
crit

) at which the material breaks down and bandgap (Eg). The relationship is often used to gauge tradeoffs of emerging materials whose properties haven’t yet been determined. Unfortunately, the reported dependencies of $${\mathcal{E}}_{\text{crit}}$$

E
crit

on Eg cover a surprisingly wide range in the literature. Moreover, $${\mathcal{E}}_{\text{crit}}$$

E
crit

is a function of material doping. Further, discrepancies arise in $${\mathcal{E}}_{\text{crit}}$$

E
crit

values owing to differences between punch-through and non-punch-through device structures. We report a new normalization procedure that enables comparison of critical electric field values across materials, doping, and different device types. An extensive examination of numerous references reveals that the dependence $${\mathcal{E}}_{\text{crit}}$$

E
crit

∝ Eg1.83 best fits the most reliable and newest data for both direct and indirect semiconductors.

Graphical abstract
Espacios de la movilidad cotidiana. Experiencias de los transeúntes
Authors: Loredo Guzmán Eduardo
Published: February 2022

En el siguiente trabajo se incorpora al estudio de la movilidad cotidiana desde el reconocimiento de experiencias y la relación con el espacio urbano. El debate sobre la movilidad cotidiana en la ciudad desprende varios frentes de análisis, refiere a una solicitud coyuntural de dinámicas urbanas en relación con los actores sociales; así mismo, propone una relación multidisciplinaria de enfoques teóricos- metodológicos para la argumentación de la realidad social contemporánea.
El presente documento de investigación implica una aportación desde un ángulo en el cual el espacio urbano es analizado acorde las experiencias que operan según las narraciones de los habitantes de la urbe en concordancia con la movilidad cotidiana. El espacio de observación será la ciudad de Monterrey, México.
Optimal LQG controller to adjust the rudder supplying water to the turbine of small and medium hydro power plants
Authors: Le Ngoc Giang
Published: February 2022

Introduction: This paper is the result of the research “Optimal LQG controller to open rudder supplying water to turbine of small and medium hydro power plants” developed in the Electric Power University in Vietnam in 2019.

Problem: To maintain the frequency of the emitted voltage of the generator at the nominal value of 50 Hz, the authors present a solution to apply the optimal control theory to create a command to control the rudder angle to adjust the water flow into the turbine.

Objective: The article presented about the order value formation algorithm, to stabilize the frequency of transmission voltage at 50 Hz standard value.

Methodology: In this paper, the laws to control the rudder supplying water to turbine of small and medium hydro power plants are synthesized by optimal control theory. To establish optimal control rules, the paper proposes using the Kalman filter to estimate the state of the object. By that, the frequency of generated voltage will be stabilized under changing load. The efficacy of the steady and dynamic performance of the control strategy was verified using Matlab/Simulink software.

Results: The proposed system can compensate for power fluctuations and is effective in terms of power regulation.

Conclusion: The algorithm presented in the paper is the basis for setting up the software when when designing and manufacturing the turbine - generator combination. Applying this algorithm, the process of adjusting the transmitted power according to the required load will be performed with quality.

Originality: This paper’s contribution lies in its employment of an effective optimal LQG control for varying operating conditions.

Limitations: The authors need to spend more time to the development and and test this algorithm and and implementing it in practice.
Limits of audience design: Epenthetic glottal stops in Maltese
Authors: Sciberras Clive , Mitterer Holger
Published: February 2022

Many languages tend to mark vowel-initial words with a glottal stop in connected speech, especially when that word is in a prominent position (Garellek, 2014). This also happens in Maltese, even though the glottal stop here also occurs as a phoneme, so that the epenthetic glottal stop may significantly alter which other words the vowel-initial word is similar to. For the pair attur /ɑtːur/ versus qattus /ʔɑtːus/ (English ‘actor’ versus ‘cat’), adding an epenthetic glottal stop to the vowel-initial word renders the two words more similar. This provides an interesting test bed for the hypothesis of audience design. If speakers want to highlight the contrast between the two words, they should, in contrast to what usually happens when a word is prominent, not produce an epenthetic glottal stop. We tested this in a production experiment and found that speakers instead produce much more glottal stops for such vowel-initial words under a phonological contrast compared with a given version, and even slightly more than when under a lexical contrast (e.g., actor versus theatre). Our results provide an example of a limitation of audience design.
Languages of learning and teaching in multilingual classrooms: educational use of the African languages
Authors: PHAJANE Masello
Published: February 2022

Black South African learners are registered in Model C schools to receive their education. The language of learning and teaching is English, whilst these learners’ English language proficiency is limited. They come from different urban, townships and rural areas, and their home languages are indigenous languages. The study aims to investigate and describe the challenges facing black, English second-language South African learners and to meet their needs by offering suggestions as to how they could be assisted to learn and achieve according to their full potential. The study used qualitative analysis with interview as the main data gathering tool. The participants were teachers purposively selected from the suggested pilot schools. From the phenomenological analysis the data were gathered by means of a literature review, document analysis, interviews, classroom visits and observations. The study has revealed that the black South African learners in Model C schools are faced by numerous challenges owing to their limited English proficiency, and that they do not meet the requirements to pass their grades. Their inability to cope affects their self-esteem and confidence negatively. The learners do not take risks to participate actively during lessons as they tend to avoid embarrassment and being teased by their peers. The study resulted in formulating guidelines and recommendations that will help meet the challenges faced by black South African learners in Model C schools and support them.
Citizens' Attitudes Towards Local Services Accountability and Transparency:
Authors: Pita Lejla Lazović , Pijalović Velma , Šćeta Lamija , Peštek Almir
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the perceived downward accountability and transparency of two public services – water supply and sewage and local road maintenance – in the Sarajevo Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH).Design/Methodology/Approach: An opinion survey[1] on a sample of 250 respondents and four binomial regressions were conducted to measure the factors that affect the perceived downward accountability and transparency of the two public services.Findings: The results of binomial logit regressions indicate that in terms of perceived accountability and transparency of water supply and sewage, significant variables include gender, education, and satisfaction with the price the respondents pay for such service. Significant variables for perceived local road maintenance accountability include satisfaction with regular and winter local road maintenance, while for perceived transparency an additional significant variable is education.Academic contribution to the field: Although publications and literature dealing with the implementation of New Public Management in developed countries are plentiful, this is not the case in transition countries. The paper examines the case of the Sarajevo Canton and contributes to the research of perceived downward accountability and transparency. It may serve as a basis for further studies on public sector management in other local communities or small transition countries.Originality/Value: The paper contributes to the limited empirical literature regarding the perceived accountability and transparency and suggests ways to improve such.
What Factors Influence the Survival of Subsidised Start-ups for the Unemployed in Slovakia?
Authors: Pisár Peter , Mertinková Alexandra , Šipikal Miroslav
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to analyse the factors of sustainability of the public policy subsidising start-ups for the unemployed in Slovakia. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis assesses the sustainability of subsidies in the period 2012-2016 based on data provided by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Logistic regression was used to identify the key factors. Findings: Research shows that in times of economic growth, policies to support the self-employment of the unemployed are a particularly effective form of active labour market policy, especially in the more developed regions. On the contrary, when serving as a business support tool, they lead to very low survival rates of the subsidised companies compared to results of other studies. In terms of factors affecting this sustainability, the length of unemployment, the amount of support, as well as regional characteristics emerge as the most significant. Practical implications: The results allow for a better definition of the conditions for providing subsidies to the unemployed to start a business in the future, while also showing that this instrument leads to employment retention rather than to the promotion of entrepreneurial activities. Originality/value: The research was carried out under specific conditions that had been little explored so far. The policy was evaluated at a time of strong economic growth accompanied by a significant reduction in unemployment. Also worth noting is that it was carried out in a country with some of the most pronounced regional disparities, which made it possible to compare the impact of the policy in different starting conditions.
New technology of increasing the operation of local sewage treatment facilities, providing electric activation treatment of alkaline process solutions
Authors: Andreev Sergey Yu. , Stepanov Sergey V. , Knyazev Alexander A.
Published: February 2022

The results of laboratory testing of the process of intensification of unconventional cleaning of electroplating drains of an instrument-making enterprise, which provides for electroactivation treatment of technological solutions of sodium hydroxide in a membrane electrolyzer with steel anodes, are presented. It was found that the electroactivation treatment of a 40 % aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in a membrane electrolyzer for T = 1.5 h at an anodic current density i = 400 А/м2 makes it possible to achieve the concentration of sodium ferrate in the activated alkaline solution Сf = 12 g / L, while the value of the current efficiency of sodium ferrate is Кv = 0.47. The use of an alkaline solution that has undergone electro-activation treatment in the technological process of neutralization treatment at local treatment facilities of an instrument-making enterprise equipped with filtration additional treatment units will significantly increase the barrier function, improve the quality of treated galvanic wastewater and bring the concentration of metal ions contained in them to a level, mg / l: iron 0.03; copper 0.01 mg / l; chromium 0.02; zinc 0.01; nickel 0.02.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE SUPORTE VENTILATÓRIO PARA PACIENTES COM CORONAVÍRUS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Gonçalves Joáb Moreira , Sales Weslley Barbosa , Tomaz Renata Ramos
Published: February 2022

O novo coronavírus (Covid-19) surgiu no ano de 2019 originando uma pandemia que primariamente afetava pessoas de meia idade, principalmente, com doenças associadas, cursando com diversas complicações em todos os sistemas do corpo humano em especial comprometendo a função respiratória destes indivíduos contaminados reduzindo a capacidade de vida e funcionalidade. A fisioterapia busca agregar as modalidades das estratégias terapêuticas que visam essas condições, proporcionando atributo de vida para pessoas acometidas por essa infecção. Objetivou-se analisar a eficácia do suporte ventilatório para pacientes com covid-19, com base nas evidências científicas, atualmente demonstradas. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que foi realizada nos meses de abril a novembro de 2020 nas bases virtuais LILACS, MEDLINE, PUBMED e SCIELO. Como critérios de inclusão, foram considerados os artigos disponíveis na íntegra sobre a temática abordada, publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, com possibilidade de acesso à publicação gratuita e publicada nos últimos cinco anos. Foram excluídas as publicações referentes a documentos com impossibilidade de acesso, publicações repetidas nas bases de dados. O descritores selecionados são: covid-19, ventilação mecânica, insuficiência respiratória, fisioterapia. Objetivando a distinção dos estudos analisados, foi construído um instrumento de análise de dados contemplando informações relativas aos estudos. Posteriormente, os artigos foram organizados de acordo com as características encontradas, definiu-se o eixo temático de análise: estratégias de suporte ventilatório para pacientes com covid-19. No estudo realizado, observou-se que as técnicas terapêuticas obtiveram sucesso no entendimento da complexidade da doença e suas manifestações trazendo melhora da capacidade funcional e pulmonar associado ao modelo de manejo desses pacientes. Verificou-se a importância da revisão integrativa nas práticas baseadas em evidências à medida que sumariza diversos estudos e amplia as análises para o campo da ciência, sobretudo no cenário da saúde. Logo, recomenda-se a realização de outros estudos sobre a temática que possam promover os diversos recursos fisioterapêuticos na vida do indivíduo acometido pela covid-19.
USO DE COBALAMINA NO TRATAMENTO DA NEUROPATIA DIABÉTICA: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DOS ENSAIOS CLÍNICOS RANDOMIZADOS
Authors: Da Costa Caio Augusto Carneiro , Milagres Benjamin Rodrigues , Paiva Abraão Lucas Dias Clerot Muniz , Singulano Aline Cristina , Garcia Luccas Cavalcanti , Cunha Claudia Barros Gonçalves
Published: February 2022

De acordo com a Federação Internacional de Diabetes, estima-se 463 milhões de pessoas acometidas pela doença ao redor do mundo, sendo o Brasil líder de casos na América Latina. Esta revisão objetivou avaliar evidências do uso de vitamina B12 (cobalamina) na melhoria da qualidade de vida de pacientes com Neuropatia Diabética (ND), bem como na redução dos sintomas através da melhora da dor, aumento na percepção sensorial e da avaliação neurológica global. Produziu-se uma Revisão Sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados, partindo da seleção e análise de dados, preconizada pela Pubmed, Cochrane e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, na qual três revisores selecionaram e extraíram dados, chegando a um consenso entre a qualidade metodológica dos estudos, com objetivo de evitar vieses. Desenvolvido na Faculdade de Medicina Nova Esperança (FAMENE) em parceria da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), esta pesquisa abrange estudos duplo-cego, placebo controlado, prospectivos, com seguimento e avaliação de pacientes através de escalas e outras avaliações neurológicas. Nesses ensaios, foram avaliados pacientes entre todas as faixas etárias e gêneros, portadores de ND, devidamente diagnosticada, e aptos para realizar reposição oral de vitamina B12. Na primeira fase, foi verificado se cada estudo encontrado cumpria os critérios para inclusão: tipo de estudo, tipo de participantes e tipo de intervenções. Foi identificada a relação estabelecida entre uso de metformina e deficiência de vitamina B12. E, embora existam aumento nos parâmetros neurológicos e escalas avaliadas, não está constatada na literatura ainda a associação benéfica da reposição de cobalamina em pacientes com ND. Portanto, apesar do consenso acerca da deficiência de vitamina B12 causada pelo uso de metformina, ainda não existem evidências científicas referentes à eficiência terapêutica da reposição oral de vitamina B12 em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 portadores de ND.
Deciphering the Origins of Transient Seismic Moment Accelerations by Realistic Dynamic Rupture Simulations
Authors: Renou Julien , Vallée Martin , Aochi Hideo
Published: February 2022

Properties of earthquake source physics can be inferred from the comparison between seismic observations and results of dynamic rupture models. Although simple self-similar rupture models naturally explain the space and time observations at the scale of the whole earthquake, several observational studies based on the analysis of source time functions (STFs) suggest that they are unable to reproduce the initial accelerating phases of the rupture. We here propose to reproduce the observed transient moment accelerations, without affecting the global self-similarity of the rupture, to constrain their possible physical origins. Simulated STFs are generated from dynamic simulations with heterogeneous slip-weakening distance Dc. Heterogeneity is introduced on the fault plane through a fractal number-size distribution of circular patches, in which Dc takes a value proportional to their radius. As a consequence of the stochastic spatial distribution of the patches, rupture development exhibits a large variability, and delays between initiation and main rupture activation frequently occur. This variability, together with the dynamic correlation between rupture velocity and slip velocity inside each broken patch, successfully perturbs the self-similar properties: rather than growing quadratically with time, STFs have an higher apparent time exponent, close to the observed value of 2.7. In a broader perspective, our simulations show that to respect observed STF shapes, realistic dynamic models should generate bursts of seismic moment, most likely by episodes where slip and rupture velocity are correlated. Such a behavior appears to emerge more naturally when considering heterogeneities in the friction parameters rather than in the initial stress.
Knowledge Sharing in Network Partnerships
Authors:   , Harris Ashley R. , Tzabbar Daniel
Published: February 2022

This dissertation examines the impact of regulatory change on network partners through a study of the claims filed with an underwriter starting from the mortgage industry's lowest day in history, December 30, 2008, through December 31, 2018. By examining the impact of the mortgage housing bust, I clarify the methods by which regulatory change transforms network partnerships through this historically important event. Many view federal agencies such as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and "Big Industry" as the agents driving regulatory change. In this case, these groups acted in response to the mortgage industry's failure that led to the 2008 housing bust. Network governance attempted to align the requirements of network partners for sustainable solutions and challenges to unequal knowledge sharing that was believed to have contributed to the bust. By propelling change through regulation, network partners have clear expectations of one another. The time period studied includes the introduction of a regulatory change, the creation of the "hold harmless period" giving providers a longer period to comply with this change, and the period of the regulatory change's enforcement. I collected data from archival claims and analyzed the information using two major research strategies: a quantitative analysis of third party provider-level claims and aggregated data subsets to evaluate third party provider claimants. My results challenge the argument that regulatory changes are inconsequential to the network partners' performance. Drawing from insights in prior works, the analysis focuses on the partners' interactions and collaborations in the face of regulatory change. Partners aim to comply with these changes, but in order to do so, they increase the breadth of their relationship through more frequent interactions and collaborations. Based on the findings, this study makes recommendations to network partners on how to manage the impact of regulatory change.
New Mechanism and Causality: The Case of Interactive Causal Pluralism
Authors: Oleksowicz Michał
Published: February 2022

This paper focuses on the causal pluralism that emerges from the new mechanistic discussion on causality. The reason for our choice of the New Mechanical Philosophy (NMP) is twofold. Firstly, the NMP is one of the dominant approaches within the current philosophy of science and has produced very extensive literature on the problem of causation. Secondly, the intersection of the understanding of nature via mechanisms and the focus on explanatory practice across different scientific fields has brought a great renewal of causal explanations within the mechanistic framework. After characterizing the four dominant approaches to causation present in the NMP, we argue that each approach gives an important insight into the philosophical discussion about causality, but at the same time presents certain limitations. The main philosophical issues and their internal problems with respect to each approach are discussed, and in the following sections, we explicate the similarities and differences between those approaches. In the final section, we address the issue of causal pluralism and argue that the new mechanical approach to causation deserves its own place in the debate on causality, since it is an interesting case of interactive pluralism with respect to causality.
Causation, Symmetry and Quantum Physics: Space-like Causality and Conserved Quantities
Authors: Olavo L. S. F. , Santana Ademir E. , Simon Samuel
Published: February 2022

This work addresses the problem of causation in physics, as for quantum fields, the fundamental theory describing elementary particle physics. Three basic elements are used as methodological concepts: a) the notion of mass-point and the notion of a field (as quantum field) describing a physical system (both concepts are used in physics to characterize elementary particles); b) the notion of state of a mass-point and of a field; c) the notion of causality among states, which are defined by symmetries. Then time and space changes include a space-like causality. These elements are discussed by using the definition of measurement, associated with the notion of symmetry. The derived results give rise to a generalization of the concept of causality, since a mechanical system includes mass-points, fields, and systems composed of mass-points and fields, together. In addition, conserved quantities, founding some causality theories, are generalized due to the notion of symmetry associated with causality.
Sobre a Questão dos Limites da Aplicação da Causalidade em Ciência: a Posição de Delfim Santos
Authors: Ramos Luís
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this article is to determine how Delfim Santos positions himself in relation to what I designated as the question of the limits of the application of causality in science. With this objective in mind, I divided the article into three sections: in the first, I show how Delfim Santos exposes these two opposing positions, namely, on the one hand, the universalist position, and on the other hand, the rejectionist position; in the second, I present Delfim Santos’ critique of these two opposing positions, namely, both the critique he weaves of the universalist position and the critique he weaves of the rejectionist position; in the third, I present Delfim Santos’ position in relation to the universalist position and the rejectionist position.
Una lección sobre el liberalismo anarquista de R. Nozick
Authors: Martínez de Pisón Cavero José
Published: February 2022

R. Nozick fue, dentro del liberalismo, el primer gran contradictor de J. Rawls. Frente a la apuesta de una “justicia como equidad” claramente distributiva e igualitarista, Nozick enarboló un liberalismo anarquista centrado en el poder del mercado y de sus instrumentos reguladores con un Estado reducido a la más mínima expresión. Por ello, la teoría de R. Nozick constituye una interesante y provocadora versión del liberalismo que ha atraído a numerosos políticos y pensadores.
Association of counselling with breastfeeding technique: a study from rural area of southern Haryana
Authors: Rana Vandana , Aggarwal Sonam
Published: January 2022

Background: Correct breastfeeding technique (BFT) has been shown to be important to establish breastfeeding, to ensure milk transfer and to prevent breastfeeding problems. Counselling is seen as an important pathway to address the problem of inappropriate BFT. This study was conducted to assess breastfeeding technique and its association with counselling.Methods: The study was community based cross sectional study. After taking permission from institutional ethical committee a cross-sectional study was undertaken among the mothers of children (0 to 23 months). A total of 360 mothers were interviewed and observed with the help of semi-structured interview schedule based on WHO breastfeeding observation checklist after taking written informed consent. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize all variables of interest in the study population. The data were analysed using Epi-Info.Results: Out of 360 mothers, only 1/5th of the mothers (21.4%) were found to be currently not practicing breastfeeding, 78.6% were doing breastfeeding, in 18.9% correct breastfeeding technique and in 59.7% incorrect breastfeeding technique was seen. ANC counselling significantly improves breastfeeding technique (p=0.000). PNC counselling was found to be significantly improving the current breastfeeding status (p=0.011).Conclusions: In the study area the proportion of ineffective breastfeeding was very high and was significantly associated with not receiving counselling during ANC and PNC.
Gender variations in HIV related stigma among Indian adults
Authors: Barman Paramita
Published: January 2022

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global public health problem. Social stigma and discrimination around HIV can be a strong deterrent to seeking healthcare and deny people living with HIV (PLHIV) a life of dignity. Further, gender has a role in determining utilization of available healthcare service. Although research has been conducted on gender differences in experience of stigma among PLHIV, there remains a gap with respect to cross gender study of the determinants of HIV related stigma in the context of India which has the third highest burden of HIV globally. This serves as the motivation of the current study.Methods: The study uses unit level data on adult men and women from the NFHS-4 (2015-16) survey. Logistic regression has been used for analysis of data.Results: Higher percentage of adult women than men nurture HIV related stigma at all India level. Multivariate analysis reveals that for both genders, stigma falls significantly with higher educational attainment but increases with higher economic class. Differences in drivers of stigma across men and women remain with respect to religion, age, employment and marital status.Conclusions: Awareness raising and stigma reducing interventions designed in view of gender specific requirements are called for to curb social discrimination against PLHIV and ensure better quality of life for them.
Exploration of the Care Giving Dynamic Between NICU Nurses and Mothers with a Substance-Exposed Pregnancy
Authors: Welborn Amber C. , Lewallen Lynne , Nichols Tracy
Published: February 2022

Purpose

To explore the caregiving dynamic between NICU nurses and mothers with a substance-exposed pregnancy (SEP) by examining how nurses view these mothers compared to mothers without an SEP.

Design

A qualitative design using interviews with NICU nurses who care for infants and families with an SEP.

Sample

The sample (n = 9) was all female, with an average of approximately 10 years of nursing experience in the NICU, with two-thirds having achieved a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) or higher.

Main outcome variable

Perceptions of nurses working with families affected by an SEP.

Results

Stigmatized views and trust issues shaped nurses' views of mothers with an SEP as different from other mothers. Empathy levels toward mothers differed related to nurses' views of substance use as either a moral decision or chronic disease. These viewpoints shaped the nurse's judgment of the mother's potential to provide a safe environment and independently care for the infant at home. Nurses described personal distress when caring for these families.
Análisis bibliométrico sobre energía solar fotovoltaica aplicada en el sector agrícola como alternativa socioambiental
Authors: Armijos Armijos Juan Alexander , Prado-Carpio Eveligh , Vargas Gonzales Oliverio Napoleón , Yunga- Marquez Javier , Cervantes-Alava Abrahan Rodolfo
Published: February 2022

La investigación analiza mediante la bibliometría, publicaciones relativas a la energía solar fotovoltaica aplicada en el sector agrícola mundial durante el quinquenio 2017- 2021. La metodología utilizada se ajustó a un proceso de búsqueda y revisión literaria en las principales bases de datos: Redalyc, Science Direct, SciELO y Science.gov; con 30 artículos que tratan sobre el tema, y como resultado se concluye que el mayor número de publicaciones se han realizado en China, con incremento de las publicaciones en el 2021 en Science Direct.

 

The research analyzes through bibliometrics, publications related to solar photovoltaic energy applied in the global agricultural sector during the five-year period 2017-2021. The methodology used was adjusted to a process of search and literature review in the main databases: Redalyc, Science Direct, SciELO and Science.gov; with 30 articles dealing with the topic, and as a result it is concluded that the highest number of publications have been made in China, with increased publications in 2021 in Science Direct.
Règlement de litiges fonciers et rhétorique discursive en pays atchan (en Ébrié en Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Lolo Monney Happy Rosalie , Yepri Léon
Published: February 2022

Cet article vise à révéler les grandes composantes de la rhétorique discursive lors du règlement de litiges fonciers en pays atchan (peuple ébrié situé au sud-est de la Côte d’Ivoire). Le jeu des échanges verbaux autour des lois coutumières sont le reflet d’une vision du monde qui met le bien-être communautaire au centre de toute préoccupation. Nous avons utilisé comme technique de recherche qualitative l’observation d’un fait socioculturel. Aussi, avons -nous assisté à une assemblée de notables, pour régler un litige foncier dans le village d’Akoue-djεmɛ. Le déroulé de cette procédure judiciaire coutumière a été transcrit, puis analysé selon l’organisation de la rhétorique discursive. Ce travail a permis de découvrir les trois grandes parties de la séance du règlement dudit conflit. La rhétorique du discours social atchan est faite de jeux intertextuels ponctués par des formules ritualisées et proverbiales.

 

This article aims at showing the major components of the discursive rhetoric during land dispute resolution among the Atchan community (The Ebrie people located in the South west of Cote d’Ivoire). The way of going about the oral communication talking about customary laws truly reflects a world vision that sets the community well-being as the prior preoccupation. The qualitative methodology is the one used. We took part in a gathering of dignitaries solving a land dispute in the Akoue-djεmɛ village. The event of this customary court has been transcribed and analyzed according to the discursive rhetoric organization. This study enabled us to discover the three major components of the sitting. The rhetoric of the Atchan social speech is made up with inter-textual games with rituals and proverbs.
The Challenges Confronting Computerized Health Records System Performance of the Pentecost Hospital, Accra: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Botchwey Charles Owusu-Aduomi
Published: February 2022

Background: Despite the use of computerized health records systems, its application is fraught with several obstacles, which slow down the pace of operations in Pentecost Hospital in Accra in Ghana.

Aim: This study was designed to identify the challenges confronting the Computerized Health Records System performance of the Pentecost Hospital in Accra in Ghana. 

Methodology: The study espoused a qualitative method with a case study design through a well-structured interview guide and focus group discussions.  In all, forty-five (45) respondents including ten (10) principal informers who were purposely selected due to their interest in the performance of the Computerized Health Records System at the Pentecost Hospital in the La Nkwantanang Madina Municipality took part in the study.

Results and discussion: The study found that the introduction of the computerized health records system was faced with several challenges and they included inadequate knowledge about computerized health records systems, the breaks in internet connections of the systems, and the like.

Recommendation: Effective monitoring mechanisms, provision of adequate financial and economic resources and the involvement of all the stakeholders in providing quality and efficient computerized health record systems as well as the provision of adequate training are key recommendations for improving the performance of the system.

Conclusion: It is good to mention that efficient application of a computerized health record system which is geared towards efficient quality healthcare would flourish when parity, effectiveness, efficiency, and responsiveness of resource utilization for quality healthcare are considered as the building blocks.
The ECLAC model in the Socialism of the 21st Century in Ecuador
Authors: Naranjo Navas Christian Paul
Published: February 2022

The industrialization models of ECLAC, developed during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and those of Ecuador, implemented by the 21st-century socialist government, are similar in their attempt to industrialize through the substitution of imports and government expenditure. In both cases, the economic policies focused on a closed economy, with high tariff barriers, and a strong role of the state as the main actor in the economy. The article uses a comparative method of analysiswhich emphasizes the outcomes of both of the periods studied. The results show that the models applied brought the same problems; imbalance in external trade and rising public debt. An alternative premise is suggested, that the models applied are the main causes of the debt crisis in the 1980s and the increasing public debt in the government of Rafael Correa.