bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of Serving Compulsory Sentences Medical Measures Related to with Punishments Without Isolation from Society
Authors:   Vladimir Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Savin Andrey A.
Published: June 2022

Relevance. Given that mental illnesses, as it is commonly believed, are negative factors in the development of society, the state takes not inconclusive steps to contain such diseases and at the same time gets rid of already di-agnosed cases by applying various methods of treatment and prevention. Taking into account that every year measures of criminal-legal influence without isolation from society are prescribed in more than 70 % of cases of convictions, the question of combining them with the treatment of persons diagnosed with mental illness is simply necessary. In the scientific community, it has been repeatedly discussed and the conclusions were approximately the same that the person committing the crime is more likely to have signs of "deviant" behavior, which indicates that it is necessary to at least diagnose it. As has been repeatedly discussed and, in fact, has become an axiom – the presence of a mental illness in a person increases the likelihood of committing an illegal act. The purpose of the study is to form scientific ideas about the processes of combining medical coercive measures with non-isolation punishments. Objectives: to study the provisions of judicial practice; to identify the problems of correlation of medical measures with punishments without isolation from society and their implementation; to formulate proposals to resolve these legal gaps. Methodology. In the process of working on the research, both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis) and methods of legal science (formal legal, comparative legal) were used. The results of the study are a proposal to significantly supplement the theory of the institution of compulsory medical measures in particular and criminal law measures in general. Conclusions. The conducted research allowed us to assert that it is necessary to impose a duty on a convicted person, if there are sufficient grounds, to undergo treatment for a mental illness. In addition, it is necessary to introduce responsibility in the criminal law for evading the performance of such a duty, while at the same time designating the subject of control over the performance.
Application of Epistemic Uncertainty Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis in Green Construction Design
Authors:   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, Sylvester Siera , Hughes Jalaycia ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, Clark II Clayton ,   Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
Published: June 2022

Building performance is often expressed according to primary energy use; however studies should also include environmental load. To mitigate the effects of increased CO2 emissions, green building designs are now increasingly popular options for stakeholders. In contrast, impacts of green design parameters, building performance assessment, and design optimization objectives are not addressed sufficiently for American infrastructure. Designing low-energy architecture to minimize carbon emissions requires thoughtful articulation of green building design alternatives. A common barrier for green building design in the U.S. is the time needed to identify and evaluate alternatives. Modeling energy consumption in buildings is essential for different applications, including building energy management and establishing baselines for sustainable building performance codes. This paper proposes a new optimization objective, which considers annual carbon emissions for multi-family construction in Florida. A multi-step sensitivity and epistemic uncertainty approach are proposed to identify the critical design parameters during the early stages of sustainable building design. Building simulation software was utilized to model green building configuration for carbon emission values, further analyzed using Monte Carlo and Morris Method sensitivity analysis techniques. The present study considered green building design alternatives as variables since carbon emission reduction potential is sensitive to these variables. Results indicate that PV panel efficiency, PV payback limit, lighting efficiency, plug load efficiency, and solar heat gain coefficient are highly influential parameters. The methodology is presented, and an example is applied to a new construction multi-family apartment design in Tallahassee, FL. This uncertainty and sensitivity analysis improved the design efficiency, while emphasizing usefulness in the green building optimization process.
The impact of relaxation in prenatal yoga against the anxiety level in pregnant women
Authors: Utami Nendhi Wahyunia , Zolekhah Dewi
Published: June 2022

Background: The anxiety and stress level impact the outcome of labor such as premature baby, LBW, infant abnormality, and infection. Prenatal Yoga is one of the complementary therapies given to pregnant women so that able to give well-being and serenity to the pregnant women and able to decrease the anxiety level at the time of labor.

Objectives: To understand the impact of relaxation in prenatal yoga against the anxiety level in pregnant women.
Methods: This research is conducted with quasi-experimental pre-and post-test method with cross sectional approach. The sample is 3rd trimester pregnant women as amount as 16 respondents each group with purposive sampling technique. The treatment is given Yoga Breathing intervention and control according to the standard of care, both groups’ anxiety levels are measured before and after the intervention using HARS. Student t test is used to determine whether there is a difference between the treatment group and the control group in the results of anxiety measuring. Analysis of variance is used to compare between 2 groups, whether there is an effect of anxiety on the Chi Square test intervention to determine whether there is a difference in the 2 treatment and control groups.
Results: The results of the analysis using the chi-square showed that p <0.001 RR Score = 5.64 at 95% CI 1.99-15.93, which means that prenatal yoga treatment has a significant effect on decreasing the anxiety in pregnant women (p <0.05). Based on the bivariate analysis, it shows that prenatal yoga classes have a significant effect on reducing anxiety in pregnant women by 5.64 times compared to conventional methods.
Conclusion: the level of anxiety of pregnant women in facing the first labor by following relaxation in pregnatal yoga before and after treatment is moderate, decreases to mild.
Sexuality of women with cervix cancer after treatment: literature review
Authors: Sharfina Nur Afni , Indriawati Ratna
Published: June 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is a complex disease that requires comprehensive treatment from clinical professionals. Treatment of women with cervical cancer, such as radiation, chemotherapy and also surgery (hysterectomy). The positive effect of treatment is that it kills cancer cells. There were also physically negative treatments offered (chemotherapy and radiation), such as vaginal dryness, redness of the vaginal area and vaginal canal.

Purpose: This adjustments are linked to sexual function directly. The main objective of this literature review is to finding clinical reports on the sexuality of cervical cancer patients undergoing cervical cancer treatment. This study is a literature review. Data based used are NCBI and Google Schoolar.

Methods: This research is a study of literature. NCBI and Google Schoolar are used based on results. The writer uses keywords  "sexuality, cancer, after treatment, cervix".  Inclusion criteria for papers were released in 2016-2020, the analysis approach was quantitative, papers were written in English, information on the subject was found in publications.

Results:  12 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were analyzed and the results of this literature.

Conclusion:It can be suggested, after analyzing it, that cancer therapy given to cervical cancer patients can influence sexuality, especially sexual function. The treatment available (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and the surgical process) has a significant effect on the female reproductive organs.
Local Community Response to Mass Asymptomatic COVID-19 Testing in Liverpool, England: Social Media Analysis
Authors: Robin Charlotte , Symons Charles , Carter Holly
Published: June 2022

Background

Mass asymptomatic testing for COVID-19 was piloted for the first time in the United Kingdom in Liverpool in November 2020. There is limited evidence on uptake of mass testing, and previously where surge testing has been deployed, uptake has been low.

Objective

There was an urgent need to rapidly evaluate acceptance of asymptomatic testing, specifically identifying barriers and facilitators to taking part.

Methods

As part of the wider evaluation, we conducted a rapid thematic analysis of local community narratives on social media to provide insights from people unlikely to engage in testing or other standard evaluation techniques, such as surveys or interviews. We identified 3 publicly available data sources: the comments section of a local online newspaper, the city council Facebook page, and Twitter. Data were collected between November 2, 2020, and November 8, 2020, to cover the period between announcement of mass testing in Liverpool and the first week of testing. Overall, 1096 comments were sampled: 219 newspaper comments, 472 Facebook comments, and 405 tweets. Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach.

Results

Key barriers were accessibility, including site access and concerns over queuing. Queues were also highlighted as a concern due to risk of transmission. Consequences of testing, including an increase in cases leading to further restrictions and financial impact of the requirement for self-isolation, were also identified as barriers. In addition, a lack of trust in authorities and the test (including test accuracy and purpose of testing) was identified. Comments coded as indicative of lack of trust were coded in some cases as indicative of strong collective identity with the city of Liverpool and marginalization due to feeling like test subjects. However, other comments coded as identification with Liverpool were coded as indicative of motivation to engage in testing and encourage others to do so; for this group, being part of a pilot was seen as a positive experience and an opportunity to demonstrate the city could successfully manage the virus.

Conclusions

Our analysis highlights the importance of promoting honest and open communication to encourage and harness existing community identities to enhance the legitimacy of asymptomatic testing as a policy. In addition, adequate and accessible financial support needs to be in place prior to the implementation of community asymptomatic testing to mitigate any concerns surrounding financial hardship. Rapid thematic analysis of social media is a pragmatic method to gather insights from communities around acceptability of public health interventions, such as mass testing or vaccination uptake.
Impact of the Moderating Effect of National Culture on Adoption Intention in Wearable Health Care Devices: Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Zhenming , Xia Enjun , Huang Jieping
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Wearable health care devices have not yet been commercialized on a large scale. Additionally, people in different countries have different utilization rates. Therefore, more in-depth studies on the moderating effect of national culture on adoption intention in wearable health care devices are necessary.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the summary results of the relationships between perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use with adoption intention in wearable health care devices and the impact of the moderating effect of national culture on these two relationships.

METHODS

We searched for studies published before September 2021 in the Web of Science, EBSCO, Engineering Village, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, IEEE Xplore, and Wiley Online Library databases. CMA (version 2.0, Biostat Inc) software was used to perform the meta-analysis. We conducted publication bias and heterogeneity tests on the data. The random-effects model was used to estimate the main effect size, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted. A meta-regression analysis was used to test the moderating effect of national culture.

RESULTS

This meta-analysis included 20 publications with a total of 6128 participants. Perceived usefulness (r=0.612, P<.001) and perceived ease of use (r=0.462, P<.001) positively affect adoption intention. The relationship between perceived usefulness and adoption intention is positively moderated by individualism/collectivism (β=.003, P<.001), masculinity/femininity (β=.008, P<.001) and indulgence/restraint (β=.005, P<.001), and negatively moderated by uncertainty avoidance (β=-.005, P<.001). The relationship between perceived ease of use and adoption intention is positively moderated by individualism/collectivism (β=.003, P<.001), masculinity/femininity (β=.006, P<.001) and indulgence/restraint (β=.009, P<.001), and negatively moderated by uncertainty avoidance (β=-.004, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis provided comprehensive evidence on the positive relationship between perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use with adoption intention and the moderating effect of national culture on these two relationships. Regarding the moderating effect, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a greater impact on adoption intention for people in individualistic, masculine, low uncertainty avoidance, and indulgence cultures, respectively.
Correction: Multimedia Knowledge Translation Tools for Parents About Childhood Heart Failure: Environmental Scan (Preprint)
Authors: Cunningham Chentel , Sung Hyelin , Benoit James , Conway Jennifer , Scott Shannon D
Published: June 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Childhood heart failure is a factor in many hospital admissions each year. It can impose a steep learning curve for parents who need to learn the key information to care for their child at home. In this study, we conducted an environmental scan to identify and assess web-based knowledge translation tools about childhood heart failure for parent audiences developed within North America. The aim of this study is to inventory tools publicly available to parents about childhood heart failure from popular web-based venues, assess how each tool communicates health information, and explore how they were developed. Our search strategy included two commonly used multimedia-based platforms: two app stores (Google Play and Apple App Store) and one search engine (Advanced Google Search). Common search terms were used, and results were uploaded to Microsoft Excel for screening between 2 reviewers. The inclusion criteria for the tools were as follows: content focused on educating parents about their child's heart failure, developed in the English language, and originating within Canada and the United States. A total of 2 reviewers screened the app store and internet search results for relevant tools. Each tool was assessed using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM), a validated tool that objectively assesses the suitability of how health information is communicated to a particular audience. Key informants who were involved in tool development were identified and invited for a qualitative interview using a semistructured format to provide data about the development process. Key themes were identified in the semistructured interview process. Frequencies and SAM percent ratings of eligible tools were reported. No apps exist for parents relating to pediatric heart failure. Overall, 17 relevant internet tools were identified, and their suitability was assessed for the parent audience. Most tools scored well in layout and type, but they scored lower in readability and graphics. Qualitative interviews with key informants revealed three key themes: timely and introductory knowledge, credible and trustworthy knowledge, and challenges and evolution in knowledge. This is the first environmental scan looking for parent tools relating to childhood heart failure in Canada and the United States. Findings from this study reveal that there are no apps on this topic and there is a small number of tools for parents on the internet (n=17). Using the SAM, no tools scored in the superior range, and further work in knowledge translation strategies needs to be done in this area to improve more effective education to parents and caregivers who have a child with heart failure. These findings will inform the development of a new resource on children's heart failure that targets parents and caregiver audiences.
Local Government Reform in the People's Republic of China: Stipulations, Impact, Cases and Assessment
Authors: Lan Zhiyong
Published: June 2022

This paper traces the locus of China's local government reforms in recent years. It discusses cheir impact and searches for future directions; for further changes. The author argues (hat China's local government reforms may have come a long way, but what happens next will be more important in determining whether China's local government reforms will enjoy lasting Success. (A previous version of this paper was presented at the 2001 Annual Political Science Association Conference. San Francisco, Aug. 20, Sept 3.)
On the nature of Public Policy
Authors: Huang Renzong
Published: June 2022

Based upon an analysis of different academic views on public policy, this article points out the deficiency of each, David Easton's view of “allocation of values.” Through the analysis of solutions to public problems, this article that the nature of public policy is government, which takes governmental interests and public interests into consideration, and chooses to reduce either objective difference or subjective differences in order to solve public problems effec- and in a timely manner. Public policy can directly adjust social interest relations to reduce objective difference by exer- three positive functions — production, allocation, and exchange of public interests. It can further set public interests and merely mitigate public dissatisfaction, or reduce subjective difference by reducing or diverting public expectations. Furthermore, government must guard and restrain public policy's inherent negative consumption function of public interests.
A Curvilinear Model of Trust and Innovation with Implications for China's Transition
Authors: Herting Stephen R.
Published: June 2022

How can an atmosphere of innovation be infused into cultures (national cultures as well as organizational cultures) that are commonly associated with such traditionally viable values as stability and conformity? Understanding the linkage between trust and innovation could be very important to any organization, particularly where extensive innovation adoption is necessary, as in China's transition.

In this paper, innovation adoption is associated with the degree of trust by managers of organizations in the behavior of their members. As a methodological model. the paper describes a consulting project that surveyed ten Southern California Hospitals, with fifty organizational groups and over 800 participants, questioning their per of organisational climate elements as well as their observations of innovation adoptions. Trust-related zational climate elements were positively associated with the adoptions of administrative innovations and associated with adoptions of product/service innovations.

The paper proposes a curvilinear model to illustrate the trust/innovation association. It also suggests possible applications of the findings and discussion on the study of diffusion of innovative technologies in China and developing countries, The curvilinear model itself can perhaps be related to some Chinese cultural norms, particularly “doctrine of the mean” from Confucianism, The methodology may be applicable to important studies of inno- in China.
On Governmental Reform in China: Two Suggestions from Japanese Experiences
Authors: Mao Guirong
Published: June 2022

This paper explores the, as yet unresolved, crucial question of how best to conduct reforms aimed at controlling government size and improving relations between central and local governments. It suggests two ideas widely promoted and practiced in Japan, the ceiling control system and the fusion system of central-local relations. I argue that China could set up a ceiling control system to fix the total number of governmental departments and commissions and the maximum number of staff, and establish an institutionalized “fusion system” to promote decentralization. The paper demonstrates how these can be implemented to revise current reform practices.
The Decoupling of Organizations: Organizational Operation under the Non-coordinating Constraint: A Framework for Studying the Relationship between China's Charity Organizations and the Government
Authors: Tian Kai
Published: June 2022

Since the late 1990s, a large number of charity organizations have emerged in China, though there is obvious disparity between their organizational forms and their operations. Although these charity organizations have the form of nonprofit organizations (NPOs), they are in fact part of the government system. This paper aims to develop a theoretical framework, namely “organizational operation under incoordinate constraint,” to illustrate the operating logic of these charity organizations. The conflict between the government's demand for attaining resources and the need for social control is the institutional origin of the decoupling of charity organizations’ form and operation. The decoupling of the organizational form and operation is a common phenomenon, and this theoretical framework could be applied to analyze similar scenarios.
The Feasibility Study of Government Performance Management in China
Authors: Xu Shuangmin
Published: June 2022

Government performance management is a scientific management method that combines process management with outcome management, and it is focused primarily on civil servants. The difficulties of government performance management derive from the unique status and interests of government, distinct from those of business: government is nonprofit, in most cases has a monopoly, and is concerned with public welfare. Other problems in government performance management stem from the existence of the peculiar “pseudo-adaptation,” the lack of a self-control drive and that relentless pursuit of maximized efficiency of administrative organization, resulting in what is known as “state evil.” However, with the requirements of our new status in the WTO to deepen economic system reforms, reverse “financial deficit” and combat corruption in the Party and the State. China will surely institute a multi-level open performance management method, based on the successful reform
Implementing a Performance-based Management System (with a Case Description of China Post)
Authors: Wang XiaoHu (Shawn) , Zhu Qing , Pan Luan
Published: June 2022

This study examines an implementation model of performance-based management (PBM). It argues that technical competencies and stakeholder involvement are necessary for a successful PBM implementation. Using the case of PBM reforms in China Post, it finds that technical competencies are being developed in the reforms. It also finds that, although the channels of stakeholder participation exist, stakeholders may not be involved in making critical decisions in Chinese reforms.
E-Governance - A Carrier of Societal Development Developing Business Opportunities for the Rural Poor in the State of Uttar Pradesh a Province in India
Authors: Sharma Vinay
Published: June 2022

E-Governance as a subject matter is discussed as a carrier of societal development in this paper. The objective of this paper is to highlight the role of e-Governance in the development of business opportunities for the rural poor, in the State of Uttar Pradesh. Further, a view is generated on how the development of business opportunities may support the process of societal development on the whole.

This paper as defined by Amartya Sen concentrates on the basic importance of freedom, associative and constitutive of freedom of market transaction, in assessing the market mechanism, along with the results in the form of incomes or the utilities it generates (Sen. A, 2000).

Therefore, this paper is proposing the role of e-Governance to be a facilitator and a mode to be utilized by the rural poor to a) access the communication network, b) to access the information, c) for the development of business opportunities (enhancement in the freedom of market transaction) d) leading to the subsequent development of the society as a whole.

Also see fig. 1
A Critique of the Local Poverty Diagnosis and Planning System
Authors: Bautista Victoria A.
Published: June 2022

The paper discusses the strengths of the Local Poverty Indicator Monitoring System (LPIMS) Guidebook which was advocated as a platform in formulating local poverty reduction action plan for local government units (LGUs) in the Philippines. The strengths of the LPIMS Guidebook include: (1) the formulation of a rational plan by the LGUs through the use of the set of indicators, (2) ; the application of convergence principle as local government executive officials, local legislative officials, technical staff of different sectors from the local government and the national government, community volunteers, people, organization groups and marginalized groups are represented in the local planning committee; (3) enabling local government units to identify relevant projects on the basis of the indicators; (4) identification of local capabilities through self-reflection process that could respond to the unmet needs; (5) identification of various resources that could support local government unit initiatives; and, (6) the importance of linking poverty alleviation with the comprehensive development plan.

Weaknesses identified with respect to the Guidebook include: (1) lack of emphasis on community mobilization, (2) emphasis on municipal-level planning instead of the lowest level of the barangay; and (3) failure to provide strategies on how to implement focused targeting of individuals and families at the barangay level.

Recommendations to enhance the utilization of LPIMS include: emphasis on barangay-level planning for poverty alleviation, community mobilization, implementation of focused targeting of individuals and families using indicators, the need to formulate basic needs for facilities to match basic needs for services, training of local officials on LPIMS, and the use of poverty indicators in allocating resources.
Poverty Alleviation and Peace Building in Multiethnic Societies: The Need for Multiculturalist Governance in the Philippines*
Authors: Muslim Macapado A.
Published: June 2022

This paper is about the twin challenges of poverty alleviation and peace building in multiethnic countries. It argues that alleviating poverty and achieving peace require the transformation of their politics and governance in multiethnic societies to become multiculturalist. This means making their governance responsive to the challenges and requirements of cultural diversity. Moreover, focusing on the Philippine situation, the paper stresses the urgency of evolving a cultural diversity-friendly political formula for the government to achieve the twin goals of peace and development, particularly in relation to its ethnocultural minorities like the Bangsa Moro of Southern Philippines.

Part II of this paper discusses the inextricable link between peace and development, while Part III elucidates some of the political, socio-economic, cultural and security determinants of ethnic conflict. Part IV presents some features of governance warranted by the ethnocultural diversity of multiethnic societies, while Part V analyzes the Philippine situation using the multiculturalist governance framework. Part VI provides some concluding statements.
E-Governance for Poverty Alleviation: Indian Cases and Prospects for Poverty Alleviation in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Pathak R.D. , Sharma Vinay , Husain Zafar , Gupta Nidhi , Smith Rfi
Published: June 2022

This paper argues that initiatives in e-governance can accelerate economic development and increase empowerment of individual citizens. Initiatives in e-governance can do so by helping to bring about good governance. More inclusive governance stimulated by e-governance can help overcome massive global problems of poverty alleviation. The paper discusses the impact of specific initiatives in e-governance and how they might help address poverty alleviation in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in India. Uttar Pradesh has approximately 8 percent of the world's poor population. Eighty percent of poor households in UP live in rural areas. The paper draws lessons from the customized usage of e-governance, in particular, e-choupals (in Hindi choupal means village square or rural meeting place). It argues that such initiatives can: a) Fill gaps in access to communications infrastructure; b) Enable poor people to help themselves; and c) Help re-motivate officials responsible for implementing measures to alleviate poverty. The paper presents a thematic sequence of steps and stages for incorporating e-governance as a mode of operation. The sequence is open to customization as and when required. Expected issues and constraints facing initiatives in e-governance are also outlined.
Motivation absorbs Magnitude: An analysis of Health Care Services of Kumbh Mela
Authors: Sharma Dr.Vinay
Published: June 2022

This paper highlights the levels of commitment, purposefulness, transparency, efficiency, effective administration and good governance in the delivery of Health Care Services observed and experienced at the largest ever gathering of humans (30 million people on 24th January 2001 on the occasion of Mauni Amavasya) at one single place of a 3000 acre temporary township since the inception of Human race on our planet Earth. This occasion was KUMBH MELA in the year 2001 wherein 70 million people congregated over a period of few weeks. During this Allahabad (the city where Kumbh was organized) turned into the most densely populated city in the world. (For detailed description of KUMBH and the legend behind please refer to supplementary notes at the end of the paper titled KUMBH MELA a story). The paper tries to analyse the factors behind the successful administration and management of the Health Care Services provided during this period. Though the author himself closely observed the situation by staying there at the location and throughout otherwise wherein he could find the methodology, but answers to few questions still remain to be debated and analysed and one of the major question is that what propels people to manage and execute tasks so precisely despite of the magnitude and high constraints associated with such tasks? The felt and understood answer is ‘Motivation absorbs Magnitude’ but the question is How one gets so much motivated? For example, Dr. G.R.Sharma, Additional Director of Medical and Health Care Services of the Allahabad Region who headed the team of Health Care Services at the time of this unheard congregation of Human Beings on this Earth had to retire from his services just after this occasion and serving the State Medical and Health Care Services for 30 odd years as a Medical Doctor and an Administrator, he very well understood the nuances of taking such a task at hand. Taking responsibilities and then accomplishing those has a passage of extreme concentration, commitment and conviction in between.
The Issue of Problem Formulation in Public Policy-Making: A Sandstorm-Combating Policy Case in Northern China
Authors: Yang Lihua , Lan G. Zhiyong
Published: June 2022

Problem formulation is a critical step in the public policy process. Nonetheless, this importance is not listed in regular policy textbooks and is often overlooked. This study uses the case of sandstorm-combating in Minqin County, China, to illustrate the problem. Through statistical analysis of the data, the authors have demonstrated how policy formulation could be set on the wrong premise and lead to wrong policy consequences, particularly in the case of environmental issues for which full information is not readily available. In conclusion, the authors argue that conscientious attention to policy problem formation, careful empirical analysis, and collaborative participatory efforts are essential to ensure public policy success.
Rethinking New Public Management: A Metaphorical Approach
Authors: Chen Bin
Published: June 2022

There has been a notion that public administration is steadily progressing toward a unanimously accepted and universally applicable administrative reform theory and practice called the New Public Management (NPM). To reinvent their public sectors, many countries have embraced the ideas of NPM that are based on the private sector model. Through the lens of a metaphorical analysis, this paper highlights and explores the specific weakness in the NPM's claim of a convergence to a business-like model driven by competition and technological advances, reveals the private interests disguised as public good underlying the NPM movement, and questions its emphasis on managerialism by rejecting a politics-administration dichotomy. It is further argued that, like any other administrative and policy argument, viability of the NPM to a large extent depends on its ability to strategically craft persuasive rhetoric in its favor.
Rereading Central-local Relations in China: The Fundamentals and Premise?
Authors: Jiang Shi-wei
Published: June 2022

Scholars both Chinese and foreign were, are, and will be studying central-local relations in China, but China still functions with problems. This paper reviews central-local relations in China and reveals that scholars have mistakenly named “central-local relations” when the proper classification is political and economic. Meanwhile, this paper shows that relations between the center and localities function like federalism with regard to the economy yet as a unitary state politicically. So, scholars study political and economic relations separately, and there will be two types of measures for central-local relations.

Since the birth of the People's Republic of China, scholars have sought to make central-local relations in China function well, but this goal is an uphill climb in a country with many difficulties. Thus, researching this theme never stops. In the long history of research, there are two different periods to discern, one is before the time of informing and opening China, the other is after. Consequently, research gathered at each time are different. However, the problem is that both cannot have given effective measures making central-local relations working well. Therefore, scholars must rethink and re-realize the research to discover the problems inherent in the research and how to resolve and avoid it. This paper tells us several important things:

1. What are central-local relations in China? This basic question was unfortunately ignored by many scholars, especially after reforming and opening. This paper reinterprets what comprises central-local relations in China and identifies its qualities for the reader.

2. What is the situation of researching central-local relations in China? There are two main and different perspectives researching this theme: “local” and “overseas.” Scholars of the local school clearly realized differences between China and western countries and tired to find a countermeasure. Conversely. scholars of the overseas school pointed out that we must have learned from the federalism-oriented western countries of federalism. the local nor overseas perspectives are completely correct. The key is which can interpret and solve problems of central-local relations in China.

3. What are measures for us? For us, giving measures is much more important than just defining problems. Thus, we must seek new research methods that are suitable for actuality of China.
Lexemic Conversion in Indonesian
Authors: Wijana I Dewa Putu
Published: June 2022

This paper is intended to describe various possiblities of Indonesian lexemic conversion to other lexemes that belongs to other word classes but they are still semantically included in the same sememes. By observing data gathered intuitively as an Indonesian native speaker, and their possibilities of becoming members of other word classes, it is found that there are many Indonesian vocabularies have potentials to be transposited to othar word classes through conversion processes. Indonesian verbs and nouns tend to have greater possibilities to convert to other categories than the other parts of speech. All of these phenomena suggests that conversion processes are essentially constituting the unlimited human thinking and the limited language as the expression medium.
Analisis Pergeseran Kategori pada Nomina, Adjektiva, dan Adverbial dalam Subtitle Film Black Swan
Authors: Shadrina Saraswati Ayu
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi teknik pergeseran kategori yang digunakan, mendeskripsikan teknik pergeseran kategori yang paling banyak digunakan serta memaparkan alasan penerjemah menggunakan teknik pergeseran kategori pada kelas kata nomina, adjektiva, dan adverbial yang terdapat dalam subtitle film Black Swan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori milik Catford (1965), Marcella Frank (1991) serta Linde dan Kay (1999). Data yang yang digunakan yaitu pergeseran kategori pada kelas kata nomina, adjektiva, dan adverbial yang terdapat dalam film Black Swan. Metode penelitian yaitu metode catat dengan mengumpulkan kelas kata nomina, adjektiva, dan adverbial yang mengalami pergeseran dalam subtitle film Black Swan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa penerjemah menggunakan teknik pergeseran kategori pada unit shift, class shift, intra-system. Teknik pergeseran kategori yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu pergeseran unit yang digunakan penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan kelas kata nomina yaitu sebanyak 68,75%. Teknik pergeseran unit (unit shift) dalam terjemahan subtitle nomina yang dilakukan oleh penerjemah bertujuan untuk mengurangi jumlah kata yang ada di layar sehingga jumlah karakter yang digunakan tidak melanggar aturan.
Phytochemical Constituents of Cnestis ferruginea and Its Toxicity in Fish
Authors: Ojetayo Teslim Asefa , Durojaiye Abiola Fadilat , Bamidele Nathanel Akinsafe , Ibitunde Odunayo Rukayat , Sofowote Oluwaseun Abigail
Published: June 2022

The study explored the potentials of C. ferruginea as a nutritional supplement while also testing its possible toxicity to fish. Standard proximate and mineral analysis procedures were used to estimate nutritional composition, while Lorke's and Tainter and Miller's methods were used to determine LD50 of C. ferruginea. Results were presented as means±SD, and analysis of variance was used to test for differences in means. The values obtained for each parameter measured were significantly different (p<0.05) across all the samples. The analyzed ash contents for the crude powder, aqueous, ethanolic extracts were 1.47±0.02, 1.06±0.01, and 0.85±0.01,respectively. A low protein concentration of less than 5% was recorded across the samples. A decreasing trend (75.05±0.25 < 52.09±0.19 < 31.21±0.61) was observed in the carbohydrate values in the crude powder, aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively. The mineral composition of C. ferruginea across the samples was significantly different (p<0.05). The crude powder sample had the highest values recorded for all the minerals analyzed, followed by the aqueous and then ethanolic extract except for iron and copper, where ethanolic extract had higher values than aqueous extract. The values obtained for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, tannin, phenolic compounds, and oxalates showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the crude powder sample, aqueous extract, and ethanolic extract, respectively. However, the ethanolic extract had higher values than the aqueous extract for glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids. Of the phytochemical components analyzed, oxalate had the highest value (16.11±0.01) followed by saponin (12.31±0.19), alkaloids (8.12±0.00), and tannin (6.43±0.17). The lowest values were recorded in steroids (0.11±0.00), terpenoids (0.29±0.01), and glycosides (0.34±0.01). LD50 was calculated to be 223.61 mg/kg for aqueous extract of C. ferruginea and 170.29 mg/kg for ethanolic extract (Lorke's method), while 124.82 mg/kg was obtained for aqueous extract and 128.63 mg/kg for ethanolic extract of C. ferruginea (Miller and Tainter method). The behavioural responses observed include weakness, hanging within the water column, and slow response to feeding. Mortality was recorded in some doses. The results indicate that C. ferruginea is a potential source of energy and minerals when incorporated into the fish diet. Its phytochemical constituent is wealthy and could be used in fish health management. However, the plant is toxic and cautiously applied with an LD50 value lower than 2.500 mg/kg.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Vulnerability in Private Educational Sector Employment in Ghana: A Study of Three Municipalities in the National Capital
Authors: Abane Juliana Abagsonema , Asamoa Ernest Yeboah
Published: June 2022

The study investigated how the Government of Ghana’s educational policies during COVID-19 had excluded private school teachers and contributed to their vulnerability. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The population was private school teachers in Ghana. Non-probability sampling technique was used to select the sample size. The cluster sampling technique was adopted to select one municipality in the Greater Accra region: based on the recorded number of COVID-19 cases and economic activities. The study involved 150 private school teachers. The analytic tool used in the analysis is inferential and descriptive statistics. The study found that COVID-19 severely impacted private school teachers' livelihood and income stream in the selected municipalities despite government intervention policies. The study recommends that political leadership, as well as the management of private school teachers, should develop innovative systems that will serve as safety nets for future crises.

Keywords: Education policy, vulnerability, private school teachers, COVID-19 pandemic

 

Studi ini membahas bagaimana kebijakan pendidikan Pemerintah Ghana selama COVID-19 telah mengeksklusi guru sekolah swasta dan berkontribusi pada kerentanan mereka. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif cross-sectional survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru sekolah swasta di Ghana. Teknik non-probability sampling digunakan untuk memilih ukuran sampel. Teknik pengambilan sampel klaster diadopsi untuk memilih satu kota di wilayah Greater Accra: berdasarkan jumlah kasus COVID-19 yang tercatat dan kegiatan ekonomi. Penelitian ini melibatkan 150 guru sekolah swasta. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam analisis adalah statistik inferensial dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa COVID-19 sangat berdampak pada mata pencaharian dan sumber pendapatan guru sekolah swasta di kota-kota tertentu meskipun ada kebijakan intervensi pemerintah. Studi ini merekomendasikan bahwa kepemimpinan politik, serta manajemen guru sekolah swasta, harus mengembangkan sistem inovatif yang akan berfungsi sebagai jaring pengaman untuk krisis di masa depan.

Kata kunci: Kebijakan pendidikan, kerentanan, guru sekolah swasta, pandemi COVID-19
Glorifikasi Kecantikan di Media Sosial: Studi Kasus Isu Eksploitasi Mahasiswi pada Akun Instagram @ugm.cantik
Authors: Maulidya Indah Mega Saputri  , Milda Longgeita Pinem
Published: June 2022

Bahasan praktik eksploitasi perempuan yang terselubung pada kelompok sosial mahasiswa seringkali tersingkirkan dari diskursus pembangunan sosial. Akun instagram @ugmcantik sebagai produk digitalisasi, dipandang sedang menciptakan standar dan tuntutan kecantikan subjektif yang tajam. Terjadi polemik karena admin melakukan komodifikasi produk ekonomi dan taktik politik kekuasaan untuk pelemahan identitas. Dalam mengkaji reaksi dari penyanjungan kecantikan; terkhusus wacana inklusivitas gender, peneliti melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap lima pemilik foto dan lima pengikut aktif. Dengan basis konsep feminisme Naomi Wolf dan Diskursus Michel Foucault tentang relasi pengetahuan kekuasaan, diketahui terdapat tiga praktik konstruksi perempuan: (1) glorifikasi kecantikan; (2) komodifikasi tubuh; dan (3) pelanggaran privasi. Glorifikasi sejatinya adalah luka karena ini sebuah jebakan untuk mengobjektifikasi perempuan dengan balutan halus dan eksklusif. Kunci untuk mengategorikan praktik eksploitasi adalah berdasarkan persetujuan afirmatif dari keterlibatan kedua pihak. Setiap orang memiliki simpulan yang berbeda. Keberanian dan penalaran kritis sangat dibutuhkan untuk penciptaan lingkungan kampus yang aman dan tidak bias gender.

Kata kunci: gender, glorifikasi, eksploitasi, kecantikan, konstruksi perempuan

The discussion regarding practices of women's exploitation that are unseen within student social groups are often excluded from social development discourse. The Instagram account @ugmcantik as a digitalization product is seen as creating standards and demands for a steep subjective beauty. There was a polemic because the administrator commodified economic products and political power tactics to weaken identity. In studying the reaction to the adoration of beauty; especially on the discourse of gender inclusivity, the researchers carried in-depth interviews with five photo owners and five active followers. Based on the concept of Naomi Wolf's feminism and Michel Foucault's discourse on the relation of knowledge to power, it is known that there are three practices of women’s construction: (1) glorification of beauty; (2) body commodification; and (3) invasion of privacy. Glorification is, in fact, a violation due to its hidden purpose of objectifying women with smooth, implicit means. The main point of categorizing women exploitation is based on the affirmative agreement between both parties involved. Everyone has a different conclusion. Courage and critical reasoning are needed to create a safe and gender-neutral campus environment.

Keywords: beauty, exploitation, gender, glorification, women construction