bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Premenstruasi Syndrom pada Remaja Putri Pondok Pesantren Babussallam Kota Tangerang Tahun 2019
Authors: Raidanti Dina , Nency Olivia
Published: July 2023

Latar Belakang : Premenstruasi Sindrom merupakan suatu kumpulan atau gejala fisik, emosional, dan perilaku yang terjadi pada wanita usia reproduksi; muncul dalam rentang waktu 7-10 hari sebelum menstruasi dan menghilang setelah darah haid keluar. Pada remaja keadaan ini dapat berdampak pada aktivitas sosial dan prestasi di sekolah. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Premenstruasi Sindrom pada remaja kelas IX PondokPesantrenBabusSallam Kota Tangerang Tahun 2019. Metodologi : Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Mei 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian berjumlah 80 orang siswi kelas IX dengan metode total sampling dan menggunakan uji statistik Chi square. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa siswi yang mengalami  gejala sindrom premenstruasi  sebanyak 38,8%, berpengetahuan kurang baik 62,5%, sikap kurang baik 58,8%,   tidak mendapat dukungan keluarga 63,7%, jenis makanan tidak baik 52,5%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa pengetahuan (P.Value = 0,000), sikap (P.Value = 0,000), dukungan keluarga (P.Value =0,024), dan jenis makanan (P.Value = 0,000) berhubungan dengan kejadian Premenstruasi Sindrom. Kesimpulandan Saran : Simpulan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kejadian premenstruasi sindrom dengan pengetahuan, sikap, dukungan keluarga, dan jenis makanan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, maka peneliti menyarankan kepada santriwatikelas IX di pondokpesantrenBabusSallamdapat memberikan promosi kesehatan baik secara langsung seperti penyuluhan, yang berhubungan dengan Premenstruasi Sindrom, pentingnya mengkonsumsi makanan sesuai kebutuhan.
Palm Sugar Product Processing Diversification
Authors: Rahman Zainuddin , Nujum Syamsu
Published: July 2023

The Palm Sugar Craftsmen Group in Borisallo Village is one of the sugar producing groups in Tinggi Mocong District, Gowa Regency with 20 members. The potential for palm sugar raw material sourced from sap water is quite large to be developed in the future, considering that this area has very adequate palm tree potential. ends in October 2020. The method used in PKM activities is a method of training and mentoring partners related to production, branding, packaging, and marketing processes to change the group production process from traditional methods to more advanced by implementing innovations in sugar in the form of liquid sugar ant sugar and sugar molding with a new method. Through service activities, the community can help partners to facilitate through entrepreneurial guidance and training, so that they can produce sugar variants through product diversification, packaging and branding so as to increase added value and increase group income
Analysis of Factors Affecting Tourist Visits
Authors: Arfah Aryati
Published: July 2023

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of retribution, cost and distance on the number of tourist visits of Puncak Bila tourist park in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The population in this study was in Sidrap district, and the sampling  method used the accindental sampling method, namely random sampling.   This study used primary data by providing questionnaires to respodents or peak travelers when. The analysis method in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis with the analysis tool used is SPSS-23.  The results showed that in the hypothesis test, the calculated value on all variables was greater than the ttabel, namely Retribution (X1) 6.665; Cost (X2) 3,365; The distance (X3) is 6.696 > 1.98498 with a significant value below 0.05 so that H0 is received which means that levy, cost, and distance are factors that affect the number of tourist visits in Puncak Tourism Park Bila Sidenreng Rappang Regency
Improving Employee Performance Through Good Organizational Culture and Work Motivation
Authors: Shalahuddin Shalahuddin
Published: July 2023

This research was conducted at the Office of the Department of Transportation in Buukumba Regency. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the effect of organizational culture on the performance of Transportation Service Employees in Bulukumba Regency, (2) to analyze the effect of motivation on the Performance of Transportation Service Employees in Bulukumba Regency. The population in this study were all employees of the Department of Transportation in Bulukumba Regency with a total sample of 58 people. Data collection methods used are interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. Methods of data analysis in this study using test instruments (validity test and reliability test), descriptive analysis, multiple regression analysis, hypothesis testing partial test (t) and simultaneous test (F) and the coefficient of determination. The conclusion of this research is that organizational culture and motivation have a significant effect on the performance of employees of the Department of Transportation in Bulukumba Regency. We suggest that the leaders of the Department of Transportation should always appreciate every achievement that has been achieved by their employees because the statement "The organization (leader) gives awards for innovations or achievements that you do at work" has a fairly low response, meaning employees need appreciation for the achievements that have been achieved. , because giving awards can improve good employee performance
Work Discipline, Work Motivation and Employee Performance
Authors: Bahasoan Sandra , Baharuddin Ida
Published: July 2023

This study's objective was to examine and ascertain the impact of discipline and work motivation on employee performance at PT Trans Kalla Makassar. All 321 employees at PT Trans Kalla Makassar constitute the population of this investigation. Based on the slovin formulation, the number of samples used was as high as 76 respondents. The data source utilized is primary data obtained from the respondents' completed questionnaires. Data analysis methods include descriptive statistical analysis, validity test, normality test, reliability test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test, and hypothesis testing via multiple linear regression analysis, t test, f test, and determination coefficient test. Work discipline has a positive and significant influence on employee performance at PT Trans Kalla Makassar, the findings of this study indicate. This indicates that the greater an employee's work discipline, the greater their performance. Similarly, the influence of work motivation on employee performance at PT Trans Kalla Makassar is positive and significant. This indicates that the greater the motivation of employees, the greater their performance.
E-Commerce as a Game Changer for Logistics in a Sustainable Context
Authors:   Poznan Łukasiewicz Research Network – Poznan institute of Technology & Poznan School of Logistics, Kawa Arkadiusz
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify the areas of e-commerce that can lead to sustainable logistics. Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology includes a theoretical analysis. It is based on various data collection techniques such as document review, direct observation and archival records from secondary sources such as reports, studies, statistics and internet sources. Findings: E-commerce is not yet a game changer for sustainable logistics. However, it seems to be a matter of time, and it will grow in importance and influence. For this reason, companies that want to maintain a competitive edge need to be aware of the changes and the expectations of customers, who are increasingly paying attention to sustainable development. Research limitations/implications: The research is mainly based on secondary sources. Empirical research is needed to confirm the hypotheses. Originality/value: The sustainability of e-commerce is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. Despite the increasing attention paid to sustainable logistics in e-commerce research, the literature available is still in its infancy and requires further development. This paper fills this research gap.
Drug allergy testing in the Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged
Authors:   University of Szeged Department of Dermatology and Allergology Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Center, Mihályi Lilla , Belső Nóra , Ónodi Katinka , Mezős Anna , Pénzes Andrea , Bata-Csörgő Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2023

The authors present protocols of the options, available panels in drug allergy testing applied at the Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Szeged. In suspicion of drug induced hypersensitivity reaction we recommend performing lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), prick testing, intradermal testing and patch testing according to the assumed immune -mechanism. If these examinations are negative, the next step is the drug provocation test, which is the gold standard in the diagnosis of drug allergy. We summarize methods, indications, and the evaluation of each tests. There are increasing patients presenting hypersensitivity reactions who require proper identification of the culprit drug.
Advances and challenges of the past twenty years in our dermatooncological center
Authors:   University of Szeged Department of Dermatology and Allergology Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Center, Baltás Eszter , Ócsai Henriette , Csányi Ildikó , Varga Anita , Oláh Judit
Published: July 2023

In the recent work, the authors provide an overview of the significant advances and challenges during the last two decades of the activities of the oncodermatology working group. In the field of the primary and secondary prevention, the focus of interest was the early recognition of melanoma, a more precise understanding of the rare types of the disease, and an improvement of the population's skin cancer-related knowledge and sun protection habits. In the field of tertiary prevention, the emergence of targeted and immunotherapy represented a major breakthrough. The new opportunities and the change in attitude have resulted in the fact, that nowadays we can treat our skin cancer patients with improved survival rate and better quality of life, comparable to other European centers.
Juvenile pustular psoriasis with erythrodermia
Authors:   University of Pécs Medical School Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Csernus Adriána Evelin , Gyömörei Csaba , Mayer Anna , Nyul Zoltán , Fogarasy Anita , Gaszner-Gyimesi Alíz , Gyulai Rolland
Published: July 2023

Juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis is an extremely rare clinical variant of psoriasis, in which extensive skin symptoms, erythrodermia, subcorneal pustules are often accompanied by systemic symptoms, fever, arthritis and laboratory abnormalities. In severe cases, lifethreatening condition may develop. Recently, there is increasing evidence that von Zumbuch-type generalized pustulosus psoriasis (GPP) is associated with increased innate immune activity, and autoinflammatory processes dominate, whereas in plaque-type psoriasis (PV) the role of adaptive immunity is typically predominant. Currently, there is no standard therapeutic guideline for the treatment of childhood cases, which makes selecting and administering the appropriate therapy for pediatric patients challenging
Uma análise histórica do sistema de proteção de crianças português: que lições para o futuro?
Authors: Castro José , Ferreira Jorge Manuel Leitão , Capucha Luís
Published: July 2023

Este artigo, analisa a história do sistema de proteção de crianças (SPC) português, designadamente a sua relação com o desenvolvimento do estado-providência, a afirmação do poder local e a evolução do sistema de proteção social, que conduziu à aprovação da Lei de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens em Perigo, em 1999. Considerando as lições da história do SPC e algumas tendências de evolução significativas de sistemas de proteção, no plano internacional, analisamos a situação atual do sistema português, a partir de dimensões como a orientação global, o modelo de organização e a força de trabalho, para perspetivar o seu futuro.
Opto-RhoGEFs, an optimized optogenetic toolbox to reversibly control Rho GTPase activity on a global to subcellular scale, enabling precise control over vascular endothelial barrier strength
Authors: Mahlandt Eike K , Palacios Martínez Sebastián , Arts Janine JG , Tol Simon , van Buul Jaap D , Goedhart Joachim
Published: July 2023

The inner layer of blood vessels consists of endothelial cells, which form the physical barrier between blood and tissue. This vascular barrier is tightly regulated and is defined by cell-cell contacts through adherens and tight junctions. To investigate the signaling that regulates vascular barrier strength, we focused on Rho GTPases, regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and known to control junction integrity. To manipulate Rho GTPase signaling in a temporal and spatial manner we applied optogenetics. Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domains from ITSN1, TIAM1, and p63RhoGEF, activating Cdc42, Rac, and Rho, respectively, were integrated into the optogenetic recruitment tool improved light-induced dimer (iLID). This tool allows for Rho GTPase activation at the subcellular level in a reversible and non-invasive manner by recruiting a GEF to a specific area at the plasma membrane, The membrane tag of iLID was optimized and a HaloTag was applied to gain more flexibility for multiplex imaging. The resulting optogenetically recruitable RhoGEFs (Opto-RhoGEFs) were tested in an endothelial cell monolayer and demonstrated precise temporal control of vascular barrier strength by a cell-cell overlap-dependent, VE-cadherin-independent, mechanism. Furthermore, Opto-RhoGEFs enabled precise optogenetic control in endothelial cells over morphological features such as cell size, cell roundness, local extension, and cell contraction. In conclusion, we have optimized and applied the optogenetic iLID GEF recruitment tool, that is Opto-RhoGEFs, to study the role of Rho GTPases in the vascular barrier of the endothelium and found that membrane protrusions at the junction region can rapidly increase barrier integrity independent of VE-cadherin.
The AUX1-AFB1-CNGC14 module establishes a longitudinal root surface pH profile
Authors: Serre Nelson BC , Wernerová Daša , Vittal Pruthvi , Dubey Shiv Mani , Medvecká Eva , Jelínková Adriana , Petrášek Jan , Grossmann Guido , Fendrych Matyáš
Published: July 2023

Plant roots navigate in the soil environment following the gravity vector. Cell divisions in the meristem and rapid cell growth in the elongation zone propel the root tips through the soil. Actively elongating cells acidify their apoplast to enable cell wall extension by the activity of plasma membrane AHA H+-ATPases. The phytohormone auxin, central regulator of gravitropic response and root development, inhibits root cell growth, likely by rising the pH of the apoplast. However, the role of auxin in the regulation of the apoplastic pH gradient along the root tip is unclear. Here, we show, by using an improved method for visualization and quantification of root surface pH, that the Arabidopsis thaliana root surface pH shows distinct acidic and alkaline zones, which are not primarily determined by the activity of AHA H+-ATPases. Instead, the distinct domain of alkaline pH in the root transition zone is controlled by a rapid auxin response module, consisting of the AUX1 auxin influx carrier, the AFB1 auxin co-receptor, and the CNCG14 calcium channel. We demonstrate that the rapid auxin response pathway is required for an efficient navigation of the root tip.
Running modulates primate and rodent visual cortex differently
Authors: Liska John P. , Rowley Declan P. , Nguyen Trevor T. K. , Muthmann Jens-Oliver , Butts Daniel A. , Yates Jacob L. , Huk Alexander C.
Published: July 2023

When mice run, activity in their primary visual cortex (V1) is strongly modulated. This observation has altered conception of a brain region assumed to be a passive image processor. Extensive work has followed to dissect the circuits and functions of running-correlated modulation. However, it remains unclear whether visual processing in primates might similarly change during locomotion. We measured V1 activity in marmosets while they viewed stimuli on a treadmill. In contrast to mouse V1, marmoset V1 was slightly but reliably suppressed during running. Population-level analyses revealed trial-to-trial fluctuations of shared gain across V1 in both species, but these gain modulations were smaller and more often negatively correlated with running in marmosets. Thus, population-scale gain fluctuations of V1 reflect a common feature of mammalian visual cortical function, but important quantitative differences yield distinct consequences for the relation between vision and action in primates versus rodents.
Revealing unexpected complex encoding but simple decoding mechanisms in motor cortex via separating behaviorally relevant neural signals
Authors: Li Yangang , Zhu Xinyun , Qi Yu , Wang Yueming
Published: July 2023

In motor cortex, behaviorally-relevant neural responses are entangled with irrelevant signals, which complicates the study of encoding and decoding mechanisms. It remains unclear whether behaviorally-irrelevant signals could conceal some critical truth. One solution is to accurately separate behaviorally-relevant and irrelevant signals, but this approach remains elusive due to the unknown ground truth of behaviorally-relevant signals. Therefore, we propose a framework to define, extract, and validate behaviorally-relevant signals. Analyzing separated signals in three monkeys performing different reaching tasks, we found neural responses previously considered useless encode rich behavioral information in complex nonlinear ways. These responses are critical for neuronal redundancy and reveal movement behaviors occupy a higher-dimensional neural space than previously expected. Surprisingly, when incorporating often-ignored neural dimensions, behavioral information can be decoded linearly as accurately as nonlinear decoding, suggesting linear readout is performed in motor cortex. Our findings prompt that separating behaviorally-relevant signals may help uncover more hidden cortical mechanisms.
miR-252 targeting temperature receptor CcTRPM to mediate the transition from summer-form to winter-form of Cacopsylla chinensis
Authors: Zhang Songdou , Li Jianying , Zhang Dongyue , Zhang Zhixian , Meng Shili , Li Zhen , Liu Xiaoxia
Published: July 2023

Temperature determines the geographical distribution of organisms and affects the outbreak and damage of pests. Insects seasonal polyphenism is a successful strategy adopted by some species to adapt the changeable external environment. Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang & Li) showed two seasonal morphotypes, summer-form and winter-form, with significant differences in morphological characteristics. Low temperature is the key environmental factor to induce its transition from summer-form to winter-form. However, the detailed molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we firstly confirmed that low temperature of 10 °C induced the transition from summer-form to winter-form by affecting the cuticle thickness and chitin content. Subsequently, we demonstrated that CcTRPM functions as a temperature receptor to regulate this transition. In addition, miR-252 was identified to mediate the expression of CcTRPM to involve in this morphological transition. Finally, we found CcTre1 and CcCHS1, two rate-limiting enzymes of insect chitin biosyntheis, act as the critical down-stream signal of CcTRPM in mediating this behavioral transition. Taken together, our results revealed that a signal transduction cascade mediates the seasonal polyphenism in C. chinensis. These findings not only lay a solid foundation for fully clarifying the ecological adaptation mechanism of C. chinensis outbreak, but also broaden our understanding about insect polymorphism.
Absence of electron transfer-associated changes in the time-dependent X-ray free-electron laser structures of the photosynthetic reaction center
Authors: Nishikawa Gai , Sugo Yu , Saito Keisuke , Ishikita Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

Using the X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) structures of the photosynthetic reaction center from
Blastochloris viridis
that show light-induced time-dependent structural changes [Dods, R.et al. (2021) Nature
589
, 310-314], we investigated time-dependent changes in the energetics of the electron transfer pathway, considering the entire protein environment of the protein structures and titrating the redox active sites in the presence of all fully equilibrated titratable residues. In the dark and charge-separation intermediate structures, the calculated redox potential (
E
m
) values for the accessory bacteriochlorophyll and bacteriopheophytin in the electron-transfer active branch (B
L
and H
L
) are higher than those in the electron-transfer inactive branch (B
M
and H
M
). However, the stabilization of the [P
L
P
M
]
•+
H
L
•–
state owing to protein reorganization is not clearly observed in the
E
m
(H
L
) values in the charge-separated 5-ps ([P
L
P
M
]
•+
H
L
•–
state) structure. Furthermore, the expected chlorin ring deformation upon formation of H
L
•–
(saddling mode) is absent in the H
L
geometry of the original 5-ps structure. These findings suggest that there is no clear link between the time-dependent structural changes and the electron transfer events in the XFEL structures.
Unexpected lower level of oral periodontal pathogens in patients with high numbers of systemic diseases
Authors: Shen Michael T. , Shahin Betti , Chen Zhengjia , Adami Guy R.
Published: July 2023

Background

Periodontal disease is associated with systemic conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease, all diseases with large inflammatory components. Some, but not all, reports show periopathogens Porphyromonas gingivialis and Tannerella forsythia at higher levels orally in people with one of these chronic diseases and in people with more severe cases. These oral pathogens are thought to be positively associated with systemic inflammatory diseases through induction of oral inflammation that works to distort systemic inflammation or by directly inducing inflammation at distal sites in the body. This study aimed to determine if, among patients with severe periodontal disease, those with multi-morbidity (or many chronic diseases) showed higher levels of periodontal pathogens.

Methods

A total of 201 adult subjects, including 84 with severe periodontal disease were recruited between 1/2017 and 6/2019 at a city dental clinic. Electronic charts supplied self-reported diseases and conditions which informed a morbidity index based on the number of chronic diseases and conditions present. Salivary composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results

As expected, patients with severe periodontal disease showed higher levels of periodontal pathogens in their saliva. Also, those with severe periodontal disease showed higher levels of multiple chronic diseases (multimorbidity). An examination of the 84 patients with severe periodontal disease revealed some subjects despite being of advanced age were free or nearly free of systemic disease. Surprisingly, the salivary microbiota of the least healthy of these 84 subjects, defined here as those with maximal multimorbidity, showed significantly lower relative numbers of periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella Forsythia, after controlling for active caries, tobacco usage, age, and gender. Analysis of a control group with none to moderate periodontal disease revealed no association of multimorbidity or numbers of medications used and specific oral bacteria, indicating the importance of severe periodontal disease as a variable of interest.

Conclusion

The hypothesis that periodontal disease patients with higher levels of multimorbidity would have higher levels of oral periodontal pathogens is false. Multimorbidity is associated with a reduced relative number of periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia.
The role of the Sunda shelf biogeographic barrier in the cryptic differentiation ofConus litteratus(Gastropoda: Conidae) across the Indo-Pacific region
Authors: Ameri Shijin , Pappurajam Laxmilatha , Labeeb K. A. , Lakshmanan Ranjith , Ayyathurai Kathirvelpandian P. V.
Published: July 2023

Geographical and oceanographic processes have influenced the speciation of marine organisms. Cone snails are marine mollusks that show high levels of endemism and a wide distributional range across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Discontinuities in distributions caused by biogeographic barriers can affect genetic connectivity. Here we analysed the connectivity withinConus litteratususing samples from the Lakshadweep archipelago (Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean) and from the Pacific Ocean. Maximum likelihood analyses based on the mitochondrial cytochromeCoxidase subunit I (COI) and on the non-coding 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes revealed cryptic diversity withinC. literatusoccupying distinct oceanographic regions. The intraspecific genetic distances between the two distinct clades ofC. literatusfrom the Arabian Sea and the Pacific Ocean ranged from 7.4% to 7.6% for COI and from 2.4% to 2.8% for 16S rRNA genes, which is larger than the threshold limit for interspecific differentiation. The haplotype network analysis also corroborated the existence of two different lineages withinC. litteratus. The detected genetic discontinuities reflect the effect of the Sunda shelf biogeographic barrier on the allopatric divergence ofC. litteratus.
Skin bacterial community differences among three species of co-occurring Ranid frogs
Authors: Gajewski Zachary , Johnson Leah R. , Medina Daniel , Crainer William W. , Nagy Christopher M. , Belden Lisa K.
Published: July 2023

Skin microbial communities are an essential part of host health and can play a role in mitigating disease. Host and environmental factors can shape and alter these microbial communities and, therefore, we need to understand to what extent these factors influence microbial communities and how this can impact disease dynamics. Microbial communities have been studied in amphibian systems due to skin microbial communities providing some resistance to the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. However, we are only starting to understand how host and environmental factors shape these communities for amphibians. In this study, we examined whether amphibian skin bacterial communities differ among host species, host infection status, host developmental stage, and host habitat. We collected skin swabs from tadpoles and adults of three Ranid frog species (Lithobates spp.) at the Mianus River Gorge Preserve in Bedford, New York, USA, and used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to determine bacterial community composition. Our analysis suggests amphibian skin bacterial communities change across host developmental stages, as has been documented previously. Additionally, we found that skin bacterial communities differed among Ranid species, with skin communities on the host species captured in streams or bogs differing from the communities of the species captured on land. Thus, habitat use of different species may drive differences in host-associated microbial communities for closely-related host species.
Immune responses in carp strains with different susceptibility to carp edema virus disease
Authors: Baloch Ali Asghar , Steinhagen Dieter , Gela David , Kocour Martin , Piačková Veronika , Adamek Mikolaj
Published: July 2023

Carp edema virus disease (CEVD), also known as koi sleepy disease (KSD), represents a serious threat to the carp industry. The expression of immune-related genes to CEV infections could lead to the selection of crucial biomarkers of the development of the disease. The expression of a total of eleven immune-related genes encoding cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2), antiviral response (Mx2), cellular receptors (CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA), immunoglobulin (IgM), and genes encoding-mucins was monitored in gills of four differently KSD-susceptible strains of carp (Amur wild carp, Amur Sasan, AS; Ropsha scaly carp, Rop; Prerov scaly carp, PS; and koi) on days 6 and 11 post-infection. Carp strains were infected through two cohabitation infection trials with CEV genogroups I or IIa. The results showed that during the infection with both CEV genogroups, KSD-susceptible koi induced an innate immune response with significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2 genes on both 6 and 11 days post-infection (dpi) compared to the fish sampled on day 0. Compared to koi, AS and Rop strains showed up-regulation of IL-6a and TNF-α2 but no other cytokine genes. During the infection with CEV genogroup IIa, Mx2 was significantly up-regulated in all strains and peaked on 6 dpi in AS, PS, and Rop. In koi, it remained high until 11 dpi. With genogroup I infection, Mx2 was up-expressed in koi on 6 dpi and in PS on both 6 and 11 dpi. No significant differences were noticed in selected mucin genes expression measured in gills of any carp strains exposed to both CEV genogroups. During both CEV genogroups infections, the expression levels of most of the genes for T cell response, including CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA were down-regulated in AS and koi at all time points compared to day 0 control. The expression data for the above experimental trials suggest that both CEV genogroups infections in common carp strains lead to activation of the same expression pattern regardless of the fish’s susceptibility towards the virus. The expression of the same genes in AS and koi responding to CEV genogroup IIa infection in mucosal tissues such as gill, gut, and skin showed the significant up-regulation of all the cytokine genes in gill and gut tissues from koi carp at 5 dpi. Significant down-regulation of CD4 and GzmA levels were only detected in koi gill on 5 dpi but not in other tissues. AS carp displayed significant up-expression of Mx2 gene in all mucosal tissues on 5 dpi, whereas in koi, it was up-regulated in gill and gut only. In both carp strains, gill harbored a higher virus load on 5 dpi compared to the other tissues. The results showed that resistance to CEV could not be linked with the selected immune responses measured. The up-regulation of mRNA expression of most of the selected immune-related genes in koi gill and gut suggests that CEV induces a more systemic mucosal immune response not restricted to the target tissue of gills.
Evaluation of the effects of whitening toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite on surface roughness and color change in restorative materials
Authors: Dayı Burak , Öcal Fikri
Published: July 2023

Background

The effects of whitening toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite on the surfaces of restorative materials are not well known. This study evaluated the changes in surface roughness and color of coffee-stained restorative materials after brushing with nanohydroxyapatite and other whitening toothpastes.

Methods

Disc-shaped specimens were formed using microhybrid, nanohybrid, and supra-nano-filled composite (n = 30) and stained with a coffee solution. A brushing simulation was applied with toothpastes containing nanohydroxyapatite (Dentiste Plus White), perlite (Signal White System) and hydrogen peroxide (Colgate Optic White) for 7, 15, and 30 days. Color and surface roughness measurements were taken before and after brushing. Color change (∆E00) was calculated using the CIEDE2000 system.

Results

Supra-nano-filled composite-Dentiste Plus White, supra-nano-filled composite-Colgate Optic White, and nanohybrid composite-Signal White System were the groups with the greatest color change observed on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days, respectively. The smallest color change was seen in the microhybrid composite-Signal White System, microhybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White, and nanohybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White groups on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days, respectively. No significant surface roughness changes were observed in the nanohybrid composite-Dentiste Plus White, supra-nano-filled composite-Colgate Optic White, supra-nano-filled composite-Dentiste Plus White, or supra-nano-filled composite-Signal White System groups.

Conclusions

Whitening toothpaste containing nanohydroxyapatite provided a high degree of color change in the short term and did not create significant surface roughness in nanohybrid or supra-nano-filled composites.
Protocolo de Mudança Cultural para a Relação Homem Máquina:
Authors: Witczak Marcus Vinicius Castro , Kipper Liane Mahlmann , Grolli Daniela
Published: July 2023

A chegada de conceitos como Indústria 4.0, integração de novas tecnologias e inovação de processos redesenharam um novo cenário para o mundo corporativo, trazendo como consequência a necessidade de manter-se em constante transformação. Considerando este contexto, foi realizado um relato de experiência que aborda o impacto que a transformação digital pode ocasionar na mudança de cultura organizacional, sendo o objetivo do estudo a proposição de um Protocolo de Mudança Cultural para a relação homem e máquina. Nota-se que as pesquisas científicas ainda carecem de protocolos que auxiliem na implantação do processo de mudança. Percebe-se que há uma certa dificuldade em colocar na prática aquilo que está sendo construído em termos de estudos científicos.
Awareness of LGBTQ+ health disparities: A survey study of complementary integrative health providers
Authors: Burnham Kara D. , Lady Suzanne D. , Martin Cecelia
Published: July 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to survey awareness of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, plus health disparities among complementary integrative health providers; chiropractors, naturopaths, acupuncturists, and massage therapists and secondly, examine how providers' sexual and gender identity correlated with that awareness.

Methods

An electronic survey was designed, which included demographic questions as well as closed-ended and Likert response items to measure provider awareness of LGBTQ+ patients and the health disparities they experience. Kruskal-Wallis H tests with pairwise comparisons were used to evaluate the differences between defined groups and their awareness of health disparities of LGBTQ+ adults and youth.

Results

The survey showed that most complementary integrative health care providers agreed that LGBTQ+ individuals experience discrimination and health disparities. However, providers are unaware of the specific disparities experienced in this population, including increased risk of substance abuse and mental health issues. Pairwise comparison tests demonstrated that providers that identify as a part of the LGBTQ+ community are often more aware of disparities than their heterosexual cisgender counterparts.

Conclusion

Complementary integrative health care providers demonstrated some general awareness of LGBTQ+ health disparities yet most providers lacked awareness of specific disparities that pose major health risks for this community. Cultural competency training specific to LGBTQ+ individuals is lacking and may explain some of the findings in this study. This suggests that education is needed, both in professional educational programs and in the health care community by way of conferences, webinars, and other opportunities.
Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa) of Major Crops of a Distributary of Mahanadi Canal Command Using CROPWAT 8.0 Model by Penman: Montieth Method
Authors: Dhruw Manju , Pandey V. K.
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to estimate Actual Evapotranspiration of major crops by using CROPWAT 8.0 software in 2A canal command of Mahanadi of Dhamtari district. Actual evapotranspiration is a key process of hydrological cycle and a sole term that links land surface water balance and land surface energy balance. Irrigation is an essential part of different crops because rainfall is not enough for irrigated farmland. Long term daily meteorological data including rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours of IMD station data was used as input data in modified Penman method and CROPWAT 8.0 model. The crop stage data, including the value of Kc in, Kc mid, Kc end for the selected crop was obtained from Department of Irrigation the rooting depth, critical depletion and crop height of different crops are taken from FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. The Penman Monteith method was used to estimate ETo and ETc respectively. The major crops in 2A canal command area are Paddy, Wheat, Chickpea , Summer Paddy. Based on the intensive study of this paper, daily basis meteorological weather data was recorded from 2007 to 2021 were used to obtain the result. The study detects that Penman–Montieth method is the best method to estimate Actual Evapotranspiration of all crops.
Evaluation of Unintended Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions and Obesity Prevalence Among Youths
Authors: Lartey Stella T. , Jayawardene Wasantha P. , Dickinson Stephanie L. , Chen Xiwei , Gletsu-Miller Nana , Lohrmann David K.
Published: July 2023

This cohort study examines the association between COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and obesity prevalence among youths aged 2 to 19 years in Monroe County, Indiana.
Discussion Addendum for: Preparation of 1,1‐Difluoroallenes by Difluorovinylidenation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Fuchibe* Kohei , Ichikawa* Junji
Published: July 2023

This chapter describes the procedure for preparation of 1,1‐difluoroallenes by difluorovinylidenation of carbonyl compounds. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. 1,1‐difluoroallenes have two fluorine substituents, which are located on the cumulated diene substructure to decisively affect their reactivities. In addition to the reactions compiled in the previous review, synthetic reactions of 1,1‐difluoroallenes have been continuously investigated since the authors' publication in
Org. Synth
. that described difluoroallene production by difluorovinylidenation of aldehydes and ketones. As a result, the fluorine substituents allow bond‐forming reactions of 1,1‐difluoroallenes to proceed in α‐, β‐, or γ‐selective fashions.
Synthesis of Phenanthridinones via the Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of Benzyne
Authors: Witkowski Dominick C. , McDermott Luca , Garg* Neil K.
Published: July 2023

This chapter describes the procedure for synthesis of phenanthridinones via the palladium‐catalyzed annulation of benzyne. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. Beyond the synthesis of phenanthridinones, palladium‐catalyzed aryne annulations have proven to be quite general, enabling access to diverse product scaffolds from appropriately substituted precursors bearing an aryl halide and a pendent nucleophile or electrophile.
Synthesis of Triphenylene via the Palladium–Catalyzed Annulation of Benzyne
Authors: Spence Katie A. , Mehta Milauni M. , Garg* Neil K.
Published: July 2023

This chapter describes the procedure for synthesis of triphenylene via the palladium–catalyzed annulation of benzyne. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. Triphenylene, a symmetrical aromatic hydrocarbon, began receiving significant attention from the scientific community following the discovery of discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) in 1977. Triphenylene's symmetry and thermal and chemical stability make it an ideal core for DLCs.
Discussion Addendum for: Synthesis of
N
‐Boc‐
N
‐Hydroxymethyl‐L‐Phenylalaninal and Methyl
trans
‐Oxazolidine‐5‐Carboxylate, Chiral Synthons for
threo
‐β‐Amino‐α‐Hydroxy Acids
Authors: Seo Youngran , Yoo Jae Won , Yoo Dongwon , Lee Yoonjae , Kim* Young Gyu
Published: July 2023

This chapter describes the procedure for synthesis of N‐Boc‐N‐hydroxymethyl‐L‐phenylalaninal and methyl trans‐oxazolidine‐5‐carboxylate, chiral synthons for threo‐β‐amino‐α‐hydroxy acids. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Discussion Addendum for: Preparation of Diisopropylammonium Bis(catecholato)cyclohexylsilicate
Authors: Kelly* Christopher B. , Milligan* John A. , Jouffroy* Matthieu
Published: July 2023

This chapter describes the procedure for preparation of diisopropylammonium bis(catecholato)cyclohexylsilicate. Radical‐polar crossover (RPC) processes allow synthetic chemists to tap into both homolytic and heterolytic chemistries in the same flask. Successful RPC processes allow the integration of diverse, orthogonally reactive functional groups and complex catalytic cycles. The chapter presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. It also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Preparation of 1,2:5,6‐Di‐
O
‐Cyclohexylidene‐D‐Mannitol and 2,3‐Cyclohexylidene‐D‐Glyceraldehyde
Authors: Dhatrak* N. R. , Jagtap A. B. , Shinde T. N.
Published: July 2023

1,2:5,6‐Di‐O‐cyclohexylidene‐D‐mannitol is one of the protected forms of D‐mannitol. Both terminal 1,2‐diol functions are protected with a cyclohexylidene group, and the central diol functionality is available for chemical transformations and is generally subjected to oxidative cleavage. This chapter describes the procedure for preparation of 1,2:5,6‐Di‐O‐cyclohexylidene‐D‐mannitol and 2,3‐cyclohexylidene‐D‐glyceraldehyde. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Automated review of patient position in DIBH breast hybrid IMRT with EPID images
Authors: Redekopp Jonathan , Rivest Ryan , Sasaki David , Pistorius Stephen , Alpuche Aviles Jorge E.
Published: July 2023

Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) is a respiratory‐gating technique adopted in radiation therapy to lower cardiac irradiation. When performing DIBH treatments, it is important to have a monitoring system to ensure the patient's breath hold level is stable and reproducible at each fraction. In this retrospective study, we developed a system capable of monitoring DIBH breast treatments by utilizing cine EPID images taken during treatment. Setup error and intrafraction motion were measured for all fractions of 20 left‐sided breast patients. All patients were treated with a hybrid static‐IMRT technique, with EPID images from the static fields analyzed. Ten patients had open static fields and the other ten patients had static fields partially blocked with the multileaf collimator (MLC). Three image‐processing algorithms were evaluated on their ability to accurately measure the chest wall position (CWP) in EPID images. CWP measurements were recorded along a 61‐pixel region of interest centered along the midline of the image. The median and standard deviation of the CWP were recorded for each image. The algorithm showing the highest agreement with manual measurements was then used to calculate intrafraction motion and setup error. To measure intrafraction motion, the median CWP of the first EPID frame was compared with that of the subsequent EPID images of the treatment. The maximum difference was recorded as the intrafraction motion. The setup error was calculated as the difference in median CWP between the MV DRR and the first EPID image of the lateral tangential field. The results showed that the most accurate image‐processing algorithm can identify the chest wall within 1.2 mm on both EPID and MV DRR images, and measures intrafraction motion and setup errors within 1.4 mm.
Efficacy of immunotherapy and prognosis in anti‐LGI1 encephalitis patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kong Xueying , Gong Xue , Li Aiqing , Liu Yue , Li Xingjie , Li Jinmei , Zhou Dong , Hong Zhen
Published: July 2023

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for LGI1 antibody encephalitis, and consider the predictors of poor outcomes following immunotherapy.

Methods

We searched PubMed and Embase for articles reporting the immunotherapy data of anti‐LGI1 encephalitis patients. The proportions of patients with poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score > 2) at 3 months, 12 months, and the last follow‐up, as well as the odds ratio [OR] of predictors were pooled.

Results

The review included 162 articles with 1066 patients. The proportion of patients with poor functional outcomes was 21% at 3 months, 14% at 12 months, and 14% at the last follow‐up after receiving immunotherapy. The proportion of patients with reported relapse was 16.6%. The mean duration from onset to the first relapse was 15.6 months. Predictors significantly associated with poor outcomes were age (increase of 1 year), the presence of cognitive impairment, and CSF LGI1 antibody positive. We did not find a statistically significant association between the worst mRS score in the acute phase, the presence of faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), days from symptom onset to immunotherapy, second‐line treatment, maintenance immunotherapy, or follow‐up time and outcomes.

Interpretation

Although most patients respond to immunotherapy, a minority of patients still have poor outcomes. Advanced age, cognitive impairment, and CSF LGI1 antibody positive are associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes. However, due to the insufficiency of the data, these conclusions need to be interpreted with caution.
Maximum likelihood based multi‐innovation stochastic gradient identification algorithms for bilinear stochastic systems with ARMA noise
Authors: An Shun , He Yan , Wang Longjin
Published: July 2023

This paper considers the parameter estimation problem for bilinear stochastic systems with autoregressive moving average (ARMA) noise using the stochastic gradient method. First, the identification model is derived by eliminating the state variables. Based on the obtained identification model, a multi‐innovation generalized extended stochastic gradient (MI‐GESG) algorithm is proposed using the multi‐innovation identification theory. Furthermore, to enhance the parameter estimation accuracy, a maximum likelihood based MI‐GESG (ML‐MI‐GESG) algorithm is developed by using the maximum likelihood identification principle. Finally, an illustrative simulation example is provided to testify the proposed algorithms. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for identifying bilinear systems.