bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoupling peroxyacetyl nitrate from ozone in Chinese outflows observed at Gosan Climate Observatory
Authors: Han Jihyun , Lee Meehye , Lee Gangwoong , Emmons Louisa K.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We measured peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and other reactive species such as O3, NO2, CO, and SO2 with aerosols including PM10 and PM2.5 organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) at Gosan Climate Observatory in Korea (33.17° N, E126.10° E) during October 10 to November 6, 2010. PAN was determined through fast gas chromatography with luminol chemiluminescence detection at 425 nm every 2 min. The PAN mixing ratios ranged from 0.1 (detection limit) to 2.4 ppbv with a mean of 0.6 ppbv. For all measurements, PAN was unusually better correlated with PM10 (Pearson correlation coefficient, ? = 0.75) than with O3 (? = 0.67). In particular, the O3 level was highly elevated with SO2 at midnight, along with a typical midday peak when air was transported rapidly from the Beijing areas. The PAN enhancement was most noticeable during the occurrence of haze under stagnant conditions. In Chinese outflows slowly transported over the Yellow Sea, PAN gradually increased up to 2.4 ppbv at night, in excellent correlation with a concentration increase of PM2.5 OC and EC, PM1.0 K+, and PM10 mass. The high K+ and OC / EC ratio indicated that the air mass was impacted by biomass combustion. This study highlights PAN decoupling with O3 in Chinese outflows and suggests PAN as a potential indicator of overall aerosol formation in aged air masses impacted by biomass burning.
Evaporating brine from frost flowers with electron microscopy, and implications for atmospheric chemistry and sea-salt aerosol formation
Authors: Yang Xin , Neděla Vilém , Runštuk Jiří , Ondrušková Gabriela , Krausko Ján , Vetráková Ľubica , Heger Dominik
Published: January 2017

Abstract. An environmental scanning electron microscope was used for the first time to obtain well-resolved images, in both temporal and spatial dimensions, of lab-prepared frost flowers (FFs) under evaporation within the chamber temperature range from −5 °C to −18 °C and pressures above 500 Pa. Our scanning shows temperature-dependent NaCl speciation: the brine covering the ice was observed at all conditions, whereas the NaCl crystals were formed at temperatures below −10 °C as the brine oversaturation was achieved. Finger-like ice structures covered by the brine, with a diameter of several micrometres and length of tens to one hundred micrometres, are exposed to the ambient air. The brine-covered fingers are highly flexible and cohesive. The exposure of the liquid brine on the micrometric fingers indicates a significant increase in the brine surface area compared to that of the flat ice surface at high temperatures, whereas the NaCl crystals can become sites of heterogeneous reactivity at lower temperatures. There is no evidence that, without external forces, salty FFs could automatically fall apart to create a number of sub-particles at the scale of micrometres as the exposed brine fingers seem cohesive and hard to break in the middle. The fingers tend to combine together to form large spheres and then join back to the mother body, eventually forming a large chunk of salt after complete dehydration. A present microscopic observation rationalizes several previously unexplained observations, namely, that FFs are not a direct source of sea salt aerosols and that saline ice crystals under evaporation could accelerate the heterogeneous reactions of bromine liberation.
Implementation of street trees within the solar radiative exchange parameterization of TEB in SURFEX v8.0
Authors: Redon Emilie C. , Lemonsu Aude , Masson Valéry , Morille Benjamin , Musy Marjorie
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The Town Energy Balance (TEB) model has been refined and improved in order to explicitly represent street trees and their impacts on radiative transfer: a new vegetated stratum on the vertical plane, which can shade the road, the walls, and the low vegetation has been added. This modification led to more complex radiative calculations, but has been done with a concern to preserve a certain level of simplicity and to limit the number of new input parameters for TEB to the cover fraction of trees, the mean height of trunks and trees, their specific leaf area index, and albedo. Indeed, the model is designed to be run over whole cities, for which it can simulate the local climatic variability related to urban landscape heterogeneity at the neighborhood scale. This means that computing times must be acceptable, and that input urban data must be available or easy to define. This simplified characterization of high vegetation necessarily induces some uncertainties in terms of the solar radiative exchanges, as quantified by comparison of TEB with a high-spatial-resolution solar enlightenment model (SOLENE). On the basis of an idealized geometry of an urban canyon with various vegetation layouts, TEB is evaluated regarding the total shortwave radiation flux absorbed by the elements that compose the canyon. TEB simulations in summer gathered best scores for all configurations and surfaces considered, which is precisely the most relevant season to assess the cooling effect of deciduous trees under temperate climate. Mean absolute differences and biases of 6.03 and +3.50 W m−2 for road, respectively, and of 3.38 and +2.80 W m−2 for walls have been recorded in vegetationless canyons. In view of the important incident radiation flux, exceeding 1000 W m−2 at solar noon, the mean absolute percentage differences of 3 % for both surfaces remain moderate. Concerning the vegetated canyons, we noted a high variability of statistical scores depending on the vegetation layout. The greater uncertainties are found for the solar radiation fluxes received and absorbed by the high vegetation. The mean absolute differences averaged over the vegetation configurations during summertime are 21.12 ± 13.39 W m−2 or 20.92 ± 10.87 % of mean absolute percentage differences for the total shortwave absorption, but these scores are associated with acceptable biases: −15.96 ± 15.93 W m−2.
Lagrangian simulation and tracking of the mesoscale eddies contaminated by Fukushima-derived radionuclides
Authors: Prants Sergey V. , Budyansky Maxim V. , Uleysky Michael Yu.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. A Lagrangian methodology is elaborated to simulate, track, document and analyze origin and history of water masses in ocean mesoscale features. It is aimed to distinguish water masses inside the mesoscale eddies originated from the main currents in the Kuroshio–Oyashio confluence zone. Computing trajectories for a large number of synthetic tracers advected by the AVISO velocity field after the Fukushima accident, we identify and track the mesoscale eddies which have been sampled in the cruises in 2011 and 2012 and estimate their risk to be contaminated by Fukushima-derived radionuclides. The simulated results are compared with in situ measurements to be in a good qualitative correspondence.
A Principal Component Analysis of Vertical Temperature Profiles for Tracking Movements of Large Pelagic Fishes
Authors: Carmody Kathryn G , Mariano Arthur J , Kerstetter David William
Published: January 2017

Pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) technology that records depth, temperature, and light-level data has expanded the understanding of free-swimming behavior for numerous pelagic animals. Astronomical algorithms using these light-level data have allowed geolocation estimates of daily longitude and latitude. However, many pelagic animals have a crepuscular behavior pattern in which individuals are at depths below the photic layer during the day, thus precluding the use of traditional light-based movement algorithms for geolocation in such species as swordfish. A principal component analysis (PCA) of temperature profiles is described herein that utilizes depth and temperature data rather than light to estimate the horizontal movement between the initial location of tag release and transmission. PSAT data from swordfish (n=4), blue marlin (n=14), white marlin (n=2), and black marlin (n=1) were used to generate daily coordinate estimates. The marlin data provided sufficient light information to derive geolocation estimates using two light-based state space models, while the hydrographic PCA model was used to derive comparison estimates. Comparisons of the two model types show an average root mean square difference of 175.4 km demonstrating that the PCA model can be used to extract the movement of tagged swordfish and other pelagic species demonstrating crepuscular behavior. Integration of this PCA-based geolocation methods with both the best available estimates of the ocean temperature at the time of tag deployment and the existing light-based geolocation models would provide additional information on fine-scale movement of tagged fish.
CSR Orientation from the Mexican Businessmen Perspective of Service Enterprises
Authors: Wendlandt Amezaga Teodoro Rafael , Nuñez Ramírez Marco Alberto , Camarena Martínez José Luis , Bejarano Lugo Brenda Yuriria
Published: January 2017

The present study aimed to know the businessmen perception in Mexico regarding the four social responsibilities originally proposed by Carroll (1979); to that end, the investigation proposed to determine if there are differences between the values assigned by the businessmen for each of the social responsibilities, and in case of significant differences, to contrast these responsibilities in order to identify any pattern of relative importance among them. Additionally, the study also sought to determine significant correlations between the social responsibilities of business organizations. By means of a non-probabilistic sampling method, information was collected from a sample of 150 entrepreneurs of the service sector from a city located in a northwestern state of Mexico. The research results contribute with empirical evidence on the orientation of the corporate social responsibility in this country, by identifying differences and significant correlations between the social responsibilities. Furthermore, similarities were foundin the pattern of relative importance given to these responsibilities by businessmen in Mexico and other countries, reinforcing the idea that the economic dimension is the most important social responsibility for the business sector.
Competitive Advantage Based on Human Capital and its Impact on Organizational Sustainability: Applied Study in Jordanian Telecommunications Sector
Authors: Alnidawi Abdul Azeez Badir , Alshemery Abdul Sattar Husien , Abdulrahman Manal
Published: January 2017

The current situation facing business organizations is characterized by diverse work environments with continuous change and development. Todays organizations seek to keep pace with this continuous development and operate to maintain their current business through the ability to effectively respond to change, and to create competitive advantage based on the existence of qualified human capital that contribute to the creation of organizational sustainability in the business sector. Talented human capital, with special skills, has the potential to create confidence and integration among the staff and top management, leading to organizational growth and continuation (Kurucz, 2013). The emergence of a set of challenges in the knowledge economy has had a clear reflection on business organizations which have begun to search for new mechanisms to compete and insure their existence in the business world. Hence, the importance of the concept of competitive advantage, based on human capital, as a necessary requirement to deal with the challenges faced by local, regional or international organizations (Global Institute, 2011). Where competitive advantage based on human capital is the main generator of new ideas, development of old ideas, and contribution to aid in organizational abilities to expand their current market share as well as maximizing value. Competitive advantage based on talented human capital allows organizations to be able to seize new opportunities and achieve permanence and future continuity (Thomas, 2014). This study aimed to look at the impact of competitive advantage through intellectual capital investment as one of the elements in the creation of organizational sustainability in the Jordanian Telecommunications Companies sector. Simple and Multiple regression was used for data analysis and testing the hypotheses of this research .This study has reached a set of results that previous studies reinforced in this area such as: Competitive advantage based on a distinct capital is the optimum method that should be used in telecommunications companies since it contributes to the optimal investment of human capital. This leads to optimum organizational sustainability for companies in various fields and also contributes to the achievement of a company’s mission and vision of the future.
Duurzame innovatie in industriële clusters
Authors: Spekkink Wouter , Teisman Geert R. , Boons Frank A.A.
Published: January 2017

Sustainable innovation in industrial clusters

We study the role division between public and private actors in their search for sustainable innovation of industrial clusters. This search unfolds as a two-phase process. In the first phase, private parties develop different projects for sustainable innovation independently from each other. Without coordination, a common ground for the projects emerges. Through their involvement in several of these projects, public actors are able to take up a central place between the projects and their associated actor coalitions. From this position, they are able to act on the common ground, and mobilize other actors for collaboration. The common ground is translated to a vision, and the private projects are assembled into a program, in which synergetic connections between the different projects are established. This starts the second phase of the process, in which a regional collaboration unfolds, coordinated by the public actors. Thus, the crucial role of private actors is to create the building blocks for sustainable innovation in the early stages of the process. The public actors are crucial in acting on these private initiatives, assembling the building blocks into programmatic effort towards sustainable innovation of industrial clusters. The main strength of public actors lies in their betweenness centrality.
Overheden niet goed in innovatie?
Authors: Teisman Geert , van der Voort Haiko , Meijer Albert
Published: January 2017

Are governments no good innovators? Empirical explorations of an ‘innovator’s dilemma’

This contribution contains a summary and a conclusion of the special issue ‘Innovation and government: a bad marriage or a fertile relation’. Innovation is said to be not the core quality of government. However, we found that government is actually good in innovation, albeit not in an obvious way. Government has a complex position when it comes to innovation. Sometimes innovation may be seen as a public value. However, innovation usually also involves conflict with other public values that civilians expect government to secure. This the innovation dilemma is that government ought to be both favour and innovation and fight its negative consequences to other public values. The four contributions show how governments deal with this dilemma. They first move along with the innovation and then redefine their positions by for instance developing new instruments, bundling private initiatives or framing private initiatives to large programmes.
Wie waakt over de lokale autonomie?
Authors: van Ostaaijen Julien
Published: January 2017

Local autonomy under pressure?

According to various authors, Dutch local autonomy is under pressure. Because of the many tasks transferred to municipalities, local authorities hardly have time for their own tasks and initiatives. Local autonomy requires that local administrators have sufficient time, attention, and money. In this article, the concept of local autonomy is discussed, as well as why local autonomy is under pressure and who is responsible for (a sufficient amount of) local autonomy. In general, local autonomy is the responsibility of both national as well as local politicians and administrators, but on both levels, there is still much room for improvement.
De wil van Wilson
Authors: van  Ostaijen Mark
Published: January 2017

Wilson’s will. Amongst Public Administration scholars: a reflection on the self-reflection and a plea for Public Administration as political science

What do Public Administration scholars tell Public Administration students in the Netherlands about the study of Public Administration as science, public administration as empirical domain and how it works? By means of interpretative and historicizing research I studied student handbooks and historical reviews on the origination myth and self-image of Public Administration.

It shows a very delineated origin myth and a mainly non-political and neutral self-image. Therefore I conclude that Public Administration mostly neglects its political-normative foundations, which deliver problems in how and what Public Administration scholars teach. This article shows the importance of the political-normative foundations and includes a plea for Public Administration as true political science.
Wie is die trotse ambtenaar? Een onderzoek naar de determinanten van beroepstrots
Authors: Borst Rick , Lako Christiaan , de Vries Michiel
Published: January 2017

Who is that proud civil servant? A research into the determinants of professional pride

More often it has been supposed that pride has important positive effects on the functioning of civil servants (performance) and the provision of services to citizens. To stimulate civil servants to be proud of their profession and regain their professional pride it is necessary to know what causes civil servants to be proud of their work. Little quantitative research has been done into the determinants of professional pride in the public sector and the research that has been carried out is characterized by a diversity of definitions and operationalizations of pride. This research analyses to what extent civil servants are proud and which factors determine the amount of professional pride. The data have been gathered in 2010 by the Dutch Department of Home Affairs in the Personnel and Mobility Monitor. The monitor shows that three out of ten Dutch civil servants are not proud of their own profession. This is not caused by personal characteristics like gender, age and education that cannot be influenced, but intrinsic characteristics of the relation between civil servant and work that have the largest effect on the amount of professional pride amongst civil servants. Those civil servants that feel attached to the organization, are satisfied with the organization, are satisfied with their work and are motivated, are much prouder than those civil servants which lack these characteristics.
Krachtig en kwetsbaar
Authors: Karsten Niels , Schaap Linze , Hendriks Frank
Published: January 2017

Powerful and vulnerable. The Dutch mayor and the state of a hybrid office

This article describes, on the basis of a broad empirical research, the development of the office of mayor since 2002 (the year of the introduction of a dualist local system in the Netherlands) and the present state of the office. It shows a fundamental change in the office during the last decade and how the already existing hybrid nature of the office has continued to grow since 2002. The article describes the effects of this hybridization and identifies, on the basis of this description, eight power lines and vulnerabilities of the office of mayor. The authors relativize a number of issues that are frequently problematized in relation to the office of mayor, but they also point to new concerns amongst mayors. According to the mayors for example the presidency of the council and the presidency of the board of mayor and aldermen can be combined quite easily in practice. Mayors however, and with good reason, are concerned about the vulnerability of their authority and the sustainability of their neutral position ‘above the parties’, their most important source of authority. For this reason a reorientation of the office of mayor in the Netherlands is needed. This reorientation should start with an answer to the question which roles the mayor has to play in Dutch local government.
De opbrengst van de politiële netwerkfunctie binnen de gebiedsgebonden politiezorg voor de kerntaken handhaving openbare orde en opsporing
Authors: Groenendaal Jelle , Helsloot Ira
Published: January 2017

The revenues of the police network function within community based policing for the core tasks maintenance of public order and criminal investigation

According to the policy makers of the Dutch police the more complex society for years requires a police organization that can operate as a network player, or even network director, in ever increasing local safety networks to fulfil the police functions of criminal investigation and maintenance of public order in an effective manner. This claim hardly seems to validated by empirical evidence. Validation is important because research shows that a lot of time is spent on the police network function within community based policing. The question is if this time is spent in an effective manner. Therefore this article addresses the question of the revenues of the police network function within community based policing for the core tasks maintenance of political order and criminal investigation. Based on a policy analysis, interviews and five weeks of participatory research in one police force in the Netherlands, the authors conclude that the policy of the police is only to ‘take’ out and not ‘give’ to local safety networks, although according to the practice and the network literature networkers from the police should give to be able to achieve results. Because the police network function does contribute to the quality of life and the social safety in the community, the authors believe that the community is best served by police officers that have a broad network function.
Aansturing van zelfstandige bestuursorganen door ministeries: stijlverschillen
Authors: van Thiel Sandra , van Hendriks Ron
Published: January 2017

Steering of independent governing bodies by ministries: style differences

Dutch Ministries differ in the manner in which they design and manage their steering relations with independent governing bodies. Based on six cases at four Dutch ministries the authors show these differences. They use two theoretical models (the principal-agent approach and the principal-steward approach) to clarify the kind of relationship. Ministries not only differ in their approach, they also differ in how far they have advanced in the development of their steering relations with independent governing bodies. Because there is no coordination or exchange of knowledge between ministries, ministries that are ‘lagging behind’ cannot learn from the experiences of ministries that have more experience. The authors do not propose one form of central coordination or one model, but they do propose more exchange of knowledge within and between Dutch ministries.
Hij begrijpt er dus helemaal niets van!
Authors: Kruiter Albert Jan , in ‘t Veld Roel
Published: January 2017

He really doesn’t understand anything at all! Colliding rationalities as a perspective to improve collaboration

This contribution addresses the question of competences and skills for public professionals to improve collaboration. The authors start their search by looking for a conceptual focus. Poor collaboration is conceptualized as ‘colliding rationalities’. Herbert Simon has introduced the concept of ‘bounded rationalities’ to oppose scientists who think that improvement of public administration is possible through ex ante theorizing. Human beings not only have a limited capacity for rational thinking, but there also multiple rationalities that restrict each other. A classic distinction is made by Ig Snellen: a) legal rationality, b) political rationality, c) financial/economic rationality, d) scientific rationality. Not only are rationalities restricted, but also collisions can occur between professionals who adhere to different rationalities. These collisions have to do with their relational network, with the nature of their tasks and with their way of thinking and communicating. Therefore the authors have worked with different groups of professionals to find out which competences they need to deal with these collisions or make them productive. They did so on the basis of specific cases in their daily working practice. Jan Fraanje comments on this contribution as a practitioner in a Dutch municipality.
Ministeriabel – ministersbenoeming als een voor beroep vatbare beschikking
Authors: Martha R.S.J.
Published: January 2017

Ministeriabel – ministersbenoeming als een voor beroep vatbare beschikking

De Landsverordening integriteit (kandidaat-)ministers heeft de pennen aan het schrijven gekregen. Want levert de in de landsverordening bedoelde schriftelijke mededeling van het niet voordragen voor benoeming een beschikking op in de zin van de Lar? Kan een minister inzake een dergelijke medeling bij de burgerlijke of bestuursrechtelijke rechter terecht? En zo ja, hoe zal deze rechter daarmee om moeten gaan? In deze bijdrage en de drie daaropvolgende bijdragen zijn dr. Martha LLM, prof. mr. Rogier en dr. mr. Sybesma hierover in discussie.
De natuur in het geding
Authors: Bury M.A.M.
Published: January 2017

De natuur in het geding. Over toekenning van rechten aan de natuur

Er zijn dermate veel voorbeelden in de (staten)praktijk waarbij het milieu wordt opgeofferd voor economische groei dat de vraag rijst wat de juridische mogelijkheden zijn voor het toekennen van rechten aan de natuur. Onderzocht wordt wat deze rechten mogelijk inhouden, waarna dit wordt afgezet tegen de Natuurbeschermingsverordening van Aruba. Kunnen de belangen van de natuur (wereldwijd) beter behartigd worden als zij rechten heeft? Een universele verklaring van de rechten van de natuur leidt ertoe dat de natuur in alle situaties waarin zich (grensoverschrijdende) milieuschade voordoet voor haar rechten kan opkomen.
Dader, slachtoffer, of beiden?
Authors: Rokven Josja , Ruiter Stijn , Tolsma Jochem
Published: January 2017

Offender, victim or both? An examination of the relationship between victimization and offending.

This study addresses next to the question to what extent offenders become victims themselves also and for the first time in the Netherlands the degree in which victims become suspects of criminal investigations themselves. Furthermore, this study also examines whether this reciprocal relationship is in fact spurious, caused by socio-demographic characteristics of individuals. Annual victimization survey data combined with longitudinal police data show a positive reciprocal relationship, even after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics of individuals. Subgroups that score relatively low on offending and victimization show a stronger reciprocal relationship, while for subgroups with relatively high scores, the relationship is less strong or even negative.
Is er onder de Wwz nog plaats voor de ontbindende voorwaarde?
Authors: van Slooten Jaap
Published: January 2017

Is er onder de Wwz nog plaats voor de ontbindende voorwaarde?

De Wwz heeft geen verandering gebracht in de (on)mogelijkheid om een ontbindende voorwaarde op te nemen in de arbeidsovereenkomst
WNT en Wwz bijten elkaar niet
Authors: Vernooij Corine , Voermans Barbara
Published: January 2017

WNT en Wwz bijten elkaar niet: Stapeling vergoedingen voor topfunctionaris mogelijk?

Kan een wettelijk verschuldigde transitievergoeding cumuleren met een tussen een WNT-plichtige instelling en een topfunctionaris overeengekomen ontslagvergoeding, indien de som van de vergoedingen hoger uitvalt dan het WNT-maximum van € 75.000?

Volgens de Kantonrechter Amsterdam staat het een WNT-plichtige instelling en een topfunctionaris niet vrij naast de transitievergoeding een ontslagvergoeding overeen te komen, althans voor zover deze samen boven het WNT-maximum zouden uitkomen.

In dit artikel wordt aan de hand van de WNT, Wwz en wetsgeschiedenis betoogd dat de transitievergoeding wel degelijk kan cumuleren met een ontslagvergoeding, ook als de transitievergoeding en de ontslagvergoeding gezamenlijk meer bedragen dan het WNT-maximum.
Een transitievergoeding na een terecht gegeven ontslag op staande voet?
Authors: Verhulp Evert
Published: January 2017

Een transitievergoeding na een terecht gegeven ontslag op staande voet?

In deze bijdrage onderzoekt de auteur of na de invoering van de Wwz nog reden is vast te houden aan de gedachte dat een werknemer geen verwijt hoeft te treffen van de dringende reden om hem terecht op staande voet te kunnen ontslaan. Indien aan die gedachte wordt vastgehouden, is de vraag of dan niet over en weer vorderingen ontstaan, want waar de werkgever de transitievergoeding aan de werknemer moet betalen, kan de werknemer aan de werkgever de gefixeerde schadevergoeding moeten betalen.
Het gebrekkige afspiegelen door het UWV
Authors: Rietveld Rachel
Published: January 2017

Het gebrekkige afspiegelen door het UWV

De afspiegeling die werkgever verplicht moet maken bij ontslagen wegens bedrijfseconomische redenen, is een moeilijke opgave. De regels die het UWV heeft opgesteld zijn naast lastig, ook nog eens incompleet en ze worden niet altijd goed uitgevoerd. In dit artikel gaat de auteur in op de doelstelling van afspiegeling en hoe dit doel (beter) bereikt kan worden.
Simultaneous Enrichment and On-line Detection of Low-Concentration Copper, Cobalt, and Nickel Ions in Water by Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics
Authors: Iqbal Jibran , Du Yiping , Howari Fares , Bataineh Mahmoud , Muhammad Nawshad , Rahim Abdur
Published: January 2017

Sensitive detection of heavy metal ions in water is of great importance considering the effects that heavy metals have on public health. A developed fluidized bed enrichment technique was used to concentrate and detect low concentrations of Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ in water samples by near-IR diffuse reflectance (NIDR) spectroscopy (NIDRS) directly without using any chemicals or reagents. The NIDR spectraof adsorbent were measured on-line, and quantitative detection was achieved by applying a built partial least-squares chemometric model. Sensitivity and accuracy was improved significantly because large-volume mixture solutions were used in the enrichment process. Root mean square error of cross-validation values for Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ were 0.29, 0.41, and 0.35 μg/mL, respectively, with mean relative error values in the acceptable range of 6.56–10.27%. This study confirms the potential application of fluidized bed enrichment combined with NIDRS and chemometrics for the simultaneous detection of trace heavy metal ions in water, with low relative error.
Characterization of the Thermal Degradation of Vinegar and the Construction of an Identification Model for Chinese Geographical Indication Vinegars by the Py-GC-MS Technique
Authors: Xiong Cen , Su Zhiyi , Zhezng Yanjie , Wang Qi , Ling Yejing , Liu Zhongdong , Li Yongle , Zhang Jingru , Yang Guowu , Zhang Xieguang
Published: January 2017

The pyrolysis (Py)-GC-MS technique was first introduced for the identification of two kinds of Chinese geographical indication vinegars because its advantages are that it is a simple and convenient sample pretreatmentand inlet method. Abundant Py information about vinegars was obtained using Py-GC-MS; 21 common peaks were selected. With the help of the classical partial least-squares (PLS) modeling method for data analysis, two identification models for Shanxi extra-aged (SX) and Zhenjiang (ZJ) vinegars were established, respectively. An N-reducing method was used to select the variables. The variables were reduced one at a time to build the PLS models with the lowest number of misjudgments. Both models had good recognition rates, identifying over 90% of samples correctly. Thus, combining Py-GC-MS and PLS could be regarded as an effective method for the identification of SX and ZJ vinegars.
A Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensor Based on a Reduced Graphene Oxide and Indole-5-Carboxylic Acid Nanocomposite for the Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Zhang Ze , Yu Hong-Wei , Wan Guang-Cai , Jiang Jing-Hui , Wang Na , Liu Zhi-Yong , Chang Dong , Pan Hong-Zhi
Published: January 2017

A label-free DNA hybridization electrochemical sensor for the detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae was developed, which could be helpful in the diagnosis of bacterial infections. Indole-5-carboxylic acid (ICA) and graphene oxide (GO) were electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode, and the resulting reduced GO (rGO)-ICA hybrid film served as a platform for immobilizing oligonucleotides on a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) sequence. The conditions were optimized, with excellent electrochemical performance. A significant change was observed after hybridization of ssDNA with the target probe under optimum conditions. Hybridization with complementary, noncomplementary, one-base mismatched, and three-base mismatched DNA targets was studied effectively by differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed strategy could detect target DNA down to 3 × 10−11 M, with a linear range from 1 × 10−6 M to 1 × 10−10 M, showing high sensitivity. This electrochemical method is simple, free from indicator, and shows good selectivity. Hence, electrochemical biosensors are successfully demonstrated for the detection of K. pneumoniae.
Simultaneous Determination of Five Active Components in the Chinese Patent Medicine Niuhuang Jiangya Pill by HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Xiong Shan , Lei Shanshan
Published: January 2017

Niuhuang Jiangya (NHJY) pill is one of the well-known Chinese patent medicines in China used in the treatment of high blood pressure. The primary purpose of this study was to establish and validate a method using HPLC with tandem MS for the quality evaluation of NHJY pill through simultaneous determination of the following five active components: baicalin, paeoniflorin, astragaloside IV, ferulic acid, and emodin. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Hypersil GOLD HPLC C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) with acetonitrileand water as mobile phase and gradient elution at a flow rateof 0.4 mL/min. The method established in this study was selective, linear, precise, and accurate and was successfully applied to evaluate five active components in NHJY pill collectedfrom different production batches, which could be considered a good approach to control the quality of NHJY pill and other related botanical drugs.
Evaluation of TA10 Broth for Recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from Ground Beef
Authors: Kamisaki-Horikoshi Naoko , Okada Yukio , Takeshita Kazuko , Takada Makoto , Kawamoto Shinichi , Kawasaki Susumu
Published: January 2017

In 2009, the enrichment broth TA10 was released for simultaneous recovery of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. This medium was compared with other Salmonella enrichment broths [lactose (LAC) broth, buffered peptone water (BPW), and universal pre-enrichment (UP) broth] for the recovery of heat- and freeze-injured Salmonella spp. in beef by the conventional culture method. There was a significant difference between TA10 and LAC enrichment broths for detecting injured Salmonella spp. In this study, the International Organization for Standardization Listeria pre-enrichment broth (Half-Fraser/Fraser) was compared with TA10 broth for the recovery of L. monocytogenes from ground beef. Ground beef samples were contaminated with single Listeria serovars at levels of 0.096 to 0.001 most probable number/g. Twenty 25 g test portions of the contaminated ground beef were pre-enriched in each broth, and the ISO-11290-1 Listeria official isolation protocol was used thereafter. There was a significant difference between TA10 broth (48 h) and Half-Fraser/Fraser broth (72 h) in the recovery of L. monocytogenes. In addition, the incubation time for TA10 broth was shorter than for Half-Fraser/Fraser broth. The results indicate that TA10 broth should be used instead of Half-Fraser/Fraser broth for analysis of beef that may be contaminated with very low levels of L. monocytogenes.
Experience Sampling as a Method for Studying In Situ Organizational Communication
Authors: Lauren Ben
Published: January 2017

The communication flows in organizations seem to be in constant state of flux, and this is particularly true when thinking about how the various strategies and mediated practices people use to interact with peers. As organizations work to establish healthy communication workflows, they need insight into how communication around projects exists in situ (i.e., as it happens in the moment) to better understand and support the employee experience so work can get done. The employee experience with communication across different events, settings, and ideologies plays an important role in meeting the intended outcomes of project work, and learning about the in situ communication practices of teams and individual employees remains an important consideration for organizational researchers. This article describes a method for studying in situ communication in the workplace called experience sampling. The goal for this article is to explain how experience sampling can be used to study communicative events in the workplace by drawing from two datasets of original research. From the use of experience sampling depicted in these case studies, the article indicates lessons learned about using experience sampling to study worker’s in situ communication in the workplace.
Methods for Investigating Organizational Knowledge Communication
Authors: Kastberg Peter
Published: January 2017

Methods for Investigating Organizational KnowledgeCommunication
Au pied de la lettre. La mise en soupçon du romanesque dans L’Enchanteur de René Barjavel
Authors: Arseneau Isabelle
Published: January 2017

Avec L’Enchanteur, René Barjavel participe au renouvellement du mythe de Merlin dans la littérature française du xxe siècle. Cette réappropriation, qui paraît en 1984, n’a cependant suscité que très peu de commentaires. Il est assez peu risqué de supposer que ce désintérêt de la critique tient à l’apparente volonté du romancier de renouer avec les chimères et les frivolités des « vieux romans » avec lesquelles a cherché à rompre le roman « moderne ». Notre relecture de L’Enchanteur veut plutôt montrer comment son auteur est resté fidèle aux leçons des romans, déjà critiques, du Moyen Âge, où le prophète apparaît très tôt comme l’occasion d’un commentaire métatextuel sur les limites et la puissance de la parole et de l’écriture. Le personnage de l’enfant, dont le regard émerveillé aurait pu fournir au romancier du xxe siècle l’occasion de réenchanter le monde du roman, provoque au contraire une mise à plat des mystères de la langue. Le prosaïsme du discours enfantin a d’ailleurs tôt fait de contaminer le narrateur qui ne se laisse jamais oublier et qui, par des jeux de métalepses savamment orchestrés, force une mise à nue des stratégies d’écriture du romancier. Contre toute attente, on voit alors le roman romanesque procéder à son propre examen et rejoindre les rangs du roman critique.
The invariant cleavage pattern displayed by ascidian embryos depends on spindle positioning along the cell's longest axis in the apical plane and relies on asynchronous cell divisions
Authors: Dumollard Rémi , Minc Nicolas , Salez Gregory , Aicha Sameh Ben , Bekkouche Faisal , Hebras Céline , Besnardeau Lydia , McDougall Alex
Published: January 2017

The ascidian embryo is an ideal system to investigate how cell position is determined during embryogenesis. Using 3D timelapse imaging and computational methods we analyzed the planar cell divisions in ascidian early embryos and found that spindles in every cell tend to align at metaphase in the long length of the apical surface except in cells undergoing unequal cleavage. Furthermore, the invariant and conserved cleavage pattern of ascidian embryos was found to consist in alternate planar cell divisions between ectoderm and endomesoderm. In order to test the importance of alternate cell divisions we manipulated zygotic transcription induced by β-catenin or downregulated wee1 activity, both of which abolish this cell cycle asynchrony. Crucially, abolishing cell cycle asynchrony consistently disrupted the spindle orienting mechanism underpinning the invariant cleavage pattern. Our results demonstrate how an evolutionary conserved cell cycle asynchrony maintains the invariant cleavage pattern driving morphogenesis of the ascidian blastula.
A general method for determining secondary active transporter substrate stoichiometry
Authors: Fitzgerald Gabriel A , Mulligan Christopher , Mindell Joseph A
Published: January 2017

The number of ions required to drive substrate transport through a secondary active transporter determines the protein’s ability to create a substrate gradient, a feature essential to its physiological function, and places fundamental constraints on the transporter’s mechanism. Stoichiometry is known for a wide array of mammalian transporters, but, due to a lack of readily available tools, not for most of the prokaryotic transporters for which high-resolution structures are available. Here, we describe a general method for using radiolabeled substrate flux assays to determine coupling stoichiometries of electrogenic secondary active transporters reconstituted in proteoliposomes by measuring transporter equilibrium potentials. We demonstrate the utility of this method by determining the coupling stoichiometry of VcINDY, a bacterial Na+-coupled succinate transporter, and further validate it by confirming the coupling stoichiometry of vSGLT, a bacterial sugar transporter. This robust thermodynamic method should be especially useful in probing the mechanisms of transporters with available structures.
Mapping cell type-specific transcriptional enhancers using high affinity, lineage-specific Ep300 bioChIP-seq
Authors: Zhou Pingzhu , Gu Fei , Zhang Lina , Akerberg Brynn N , Ma Qing , Li Kai , He Aibin , Lin Zhiqiang , Stevens Sean M , Zhou Bin , Pu William T
Published: January 2017

Understanding the mechanisms that regulate cell type-specific transcriptional programs requires developing a lexicon of their genomic regulatory elements. We developed a lineage-selective method to map transcriptional enhancers, regulatory genomic regions that activate transcription, in mice. Since most tissue-specific enhancers are bound by the transcriptional co-activator Ep300, we used Cre-directed, lineage-specific Ep300 biotinylation and pulldown on immobilized streptavidin followed by next generation sequencing of co-precipitated DNA to identify lineage-specific enhancers. By driving this system with lineage-specific Cre transgenes, we mapped enhancers active in embryonic endothelial cells/blood or skeletal muscle. Analysis of these enhancers identified new transcription factor heterodimer motifs that likely regulate transcription in these lineages. Furthermore, we identified candidate enhancers that regulate adult heart- or lung- specific endothelial cell specialization. Our strategy for tissue-specific protein biotinylation opens new avenues for studying lineage-specific protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions.
Small cell lung cancer associated with multiple paraneoplastic syndromes
Authors: Franco Diana L. , Thomas Leslie
Published: January 2017

Se reporta el caso de una paciente que ingresó al hospital para evaluación de múltiples trastornos electrolíticos y, posteriormente, se le hizo el diagnóstico de cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas.Tras la evaluación médica, se detectaron tres síndromes paraneoplásicos: síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética, síndrome de Fanconi y elevación inapropiada del factor 23 de crecimiento de fibroblastos. Se le administró quimioterapia sin éxito, por lo cual se decidió darle tratamiento paliativo y, un tiempo después, falleció.
Synthesis of antibiotic loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Herrera Mónica Tatiana , Artunduaga Jhon Jhamilton , Ortiz Claudia Cristina , Torres Rodrigo Gonzalo
Published: January 2017

Introducción. Las nanopartículas poliméricas constituyen una herramienta nanotecnológica que podría ayudar a combatir los microorganismos patógenos que han desarrollado resistencia a los antibióticos convencionales.Objetivo. Sintetizar nanopartículas de ácido poliláctico cargadas con ofloxacina y vancomicina, y determinar su actividad antibacteriana frente a Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM).Materiales y métodos. Las nanopartículas de ácido poliláctico cargadas con ofloxacina y vancomicina se sintetizaron utilizando el método de emulsión y evaporación de solvente. Se caracterizaron mediante dispersión de luz en modo dinámico, electroforesis Doppler con láser y microscopía electrónica de barrido (S-TEM). Se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana in vitro de las nanopartículas de ácido poliláctico con ofloxacina contra E. coli O157:H7 y nanopartículas de ácido poliláctico con vancomicina contra SARM, mediante el método de microdilución en caldo.Resultados. Se obtuvieron nanopartículas poliméricas con tamaños inferiores a 379 nm y carga superficial positiva de hasta 21 mV. Las nanopartículas cargadas con ofloxacina presentaron una concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM50) de 0,001 μg/ml frente a E. coli O157:H7, valor 40 veces menor que la concentración de antibiótico libre necesaria para lograr el mismo efecto (CIM50=0,04 μg/ml). Para SARM, las nanopartículas mejoraron la potencia farmacológica in vitro de la vancomicina alexhibir una MIC50 de 0,005 μg/ml, comparada con la de 0,5 μg/ml del antibiótico libre.Conclusiones. Se mejoró el efecto antibacteriano de la ofloxacina y la vancomicina incorporadas en la matriz polimérica de ácido poliláctico. Las nanopartículas poliméricas constituirían una alternativa para el control de cepas bacterianas de interés en salud pública.
Risk of transmission of Chagas disease by intrusion of triatomines and wild mammals in Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
Authors: Reyes Marlene , Torres Ángela , Esteban Lyda , Flórez Mónica , Angulo Víctor Manuel
Published: January 2017

Introducción. La notificación de triatominos en las viviendas de algunos barrios de Bucaramanga motivó la realización de este estudio.Objetivo. Evaluar la intrusión de triatominos y mamíferos, así como algunos factores de riesgo para la enfermedad de Chagas en viviendas urbanas.Materiales y métodos. En un barrio de Bucaramanga, Santander, se recolectaron triatominos mensualmente durante un año con participación comunitaria mediante búsqueda manual en el alumbrado público, y el uso de trampas de luz, cebo animal y atrayentes químicos en el bosque cercano. Los reservorios se recolectaron con trampas cebadas. Los insectos y mamíferos se determinaron y examinaron para establecer su infección natural. Los factores de riesgo de las viviendas se midieron mediante una encuesta sobre factores sociales y ambientales.Resultados. Se recolectaron 11 adultos de Panstrongylus geniculatus y 63 de Rhodnius pallescens en el bosque, en zonas de recreación en el peridomicilio y en el domicilio, incluidas dos hembras y 21 ninfas de R. pallescens en dormitorios. Se capturaron dos ejemplares de Didelphis marsupialis en el bosques adyacente. De los 11 individuos de P. geniculatus capturados, se examinaron nueve, de los cuales cinco fueron positivos para Trypanosoma cruzi (56 %); de los 63 individuos de R. pallescens capturados, se examinaron ocho, cuatro de los cuales fueron positivos para T. cruzi (50 %). De dos especímenes de D. marsupiales capturados, uno fue examinado y se encontró que era positivo para T. cruzi. No se pudo establecer un factor de riesgo significativo, sin embargo, las viviendas con reporte de triatominos se encontraban más cerca del bosque adyacente.Conclusiones. El hallazgo de especies de triatominos intrusivas y de mamíferos con T. cruzi en el domicilio y el peridomicilio, así como en los bosques periurbanos, demuestra el riesgo de infección en las poblaciones que habitan en viviendas urbanas adyacentes a los ecótopos donde se mantiene el ciclo silvestre.