bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Du mode d’inexistence des mathématiques
Authors: Bontems Vincent
Published: February 2016

On ne trouve aucune formulation du statut ontologique des mathématiques dans l’œuvre de Gilbert Simondon. Cela tient, selon nous, à ce qu’on ne peut attribuer un mode d’existence aux mathématiques dans l’horizon de sa philosophie de la nature : si « exister » signifie « devenir dans l’espace et le temps », alors les mathématiques n’existent pas. En revanche, on trouve chez Simondon une modalité de l’être distincte de l’actuel et du potentiel, le virtuel, dont il n’est donné aucune dérivation ontogénétique. Notre hypothèse est que le virtuel compense l’absence des mathématiques en tant qu’il qualifie la réalité inexistante (non-actuelle et non-potentielle). Le virtuel, qui est invoqué explicitement pour désigner le statut d’un futur anticipé au cours de l’acte d’invention, désignerait implicitement le mode d’inexistence des mathématiques. Les propriétés du virtuel — qu’elles soient objectives comme l’omni-spatio-temporalité ou subjectives comme le caractère optatif — correspondent en effet à des propriétés avérées des mathématiques. L’universalité du virtuel, qui se manifeste aussi bien dans la virtualisation de la valeur technique au cours de l’échange économique que dans une orientation politique des transformations sociales vers un futur possible, repose aussi sur l’intuition mathématique de l’impossibilité d’une impossibilité. Cette redéfinition du virtuel en tant que mode d’inexistence des mathématiques dépasse alors la conception hylémorphique des mathématiques comme formes immatérielles, et répond à de nombreux obstacles métaphysiques.En tant que structure relationnelle inexistante de la nature, elle explique en outre comment le virtuel conditionne le physiquement possible, c’est-à-dire le passage du potentiel à l’actuel. Si le virtuel désigne alors la plus grande extension du réel, l’état préindividuel de l’être n’est cependant pas réductible à un plan unique de consistance, car le virtuel mathématique est non saturable, toujours divergent et lacunaire.
La CJUE encadre sévèrement les échanges de données entre administrations
Authors: Foegle Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2016

Le 1er octobre 2015, la Cour de Justice de l'Union Européenne a invalidé le régime juridique Roumain de transfert de données entre les administrations publiques. Il s'agissait, en l'espèce, de données relatives aux revenus transmises aux organismes sociaux par l'administration fiscale. Ce transfert de données avait été fondé sur une loi pour le moins imprécise, et complétée par un protocole interne non publié et non opposable. Se fondant sur l'article 11 de la Directive 2005/46/CE sur la protection des données personnelles, la Cour renforce l'exigence d'information des administrés dont les données font l'objet font l'objet d'un transfert en l'ancrant dans une exigence plus large de garantir le traitement « loyal » des données personnelles et d'accès effectif au droit à l'effacement, deux exigences qui trouvent leur source dans l'article 8 de la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne. Ainsi formulé, le droit à l'information ne souffre plus que de peu de limitations, qui doivent être réduites au strict nécessaire. La discussion et l'adoption probable d'un article du projet de loi immigration – l'article 25 – offrant aux préfectures un très large droit de se faire communiquer les données personnelles des étrangers, et ce en vue de contrôler la réalité de leurs motifs de séjour, redonne à cette décision toute son actualité.
Methodology for Record Linkage: A Medical Domain Case Study
Authors: Vargas-Vera Maria
Published: February 2016

This paper presents a methodology for linking records from several sources each source might contain, missing information. This assumption of missing values has been made, without loss of generality, as the authors has observed that missing information is part of the nature of data in the health domain and also in other domains such as social sciences. The author's methodology is an attempt to deal with the linkage of records of the same patient in several databases. The first phase in her methodology is called homogenization. The homogenization of the databases/datasets is performed by applying a method which fills-in the missing values with the predicted values. The second phase of her methodology is called linking of records. It assesses the similarity between records and implements the linkage of the pairs of records with high level of similarity. Finally, the author presents an evaluation of our methodology. The evaluation of the homogenization phase was carried out using multinomial regression while, the evaluation of the aggregated similarities were performed using Jaccard, Jaro-Winkler and Monge-Elkan similarity metrics.
The Loss and Damage of Environmental Ethics in the Threshold of African Culture
Authors: Essien Essien D.
Published: February 2016

It has been argued that human actions through pollution and other activities have imperil survival, harm health and dislocate the well-being of man on earth. This argument's corollary is that, given the curious datum that human beings are implicated in loss and damage of the environment, actions performed by individuals have aggregate negative consequences on the environment. Yet, what African culture is and how it matters in environmental ethics is regrettably unexplored and disproportionately contested. This study examines the contributions of culture toward the preservation and protection of the environment for future generation. The study adopts qualitative methodology and content analysis, as well as “relational theory” to respond to the thesis that African culture has a moral responsibility and an in-built mechanism to protect human interactions with nature and environment. The findings show that culture has the capacity to avert loss and damage of the African environment through African ethics.
Apeiron
Authors: Manzella Giuseppe , Manzella Alessandro
Published: February 2016

Anaxagoras believed that all things existed in a boundless form. Ápeiron begun to rotate under the control of Nous (Mind) and the rotation caused the universe to break up into fragments, each containing parts of all other things. Ápeiron is the interdependence of humans and natural environment. A general understanding on human influences on earth system is necessary. Knowledge Building allow to analyse problems, sifting irrelevant from relevant. The ability to solve a problem, to write a coherent paragraph, to utter a cogent statement are soft skills supporting sustainable development. Soft skills must be tempered with the ability to integrate knowledge from various sources into a coherent whole. Students, professors and researchers interaction improve personal comprehension. Students must be encouraged to debate ideas and the way to present them. They are asked to look for and develop bases for shared understanding. In this way they participated to the definition of a knowledge building process as a social epistemology: from personal beliefs to social shared vision.
A Study of Natural Pozzolan Mortars Exposed to Sulfate as Energy Efficient Building Material
Authors: Laoufi Laïd , Senhadji Yassine , Benosman A.S.
Published: February 2016

Reinforcement corrosion is one of the main causes of concrete deterioration. The steel in concrete is naturally protected from corrosion by the presence of a passive film formed through the high alkalinity of concrete. A technique to improve the protection of steel in concrete is the inclusion of mineral additions. Natural pozzolan (NP) from Beni-Saf is a mineral addition that is abundant in western Algeria. The experiment was conducted on mortar specimens, containing steel bars and exposed to the aggressive solutions of Na2SO4 and MgSO4. The status of reinforcement is periodically monitored by measuring the electrochemical potentials and the corrosion rates by the technique of linear polarization resistance (LPR) and also the thermal conductivity was evaluated. The test results show that natural pozzolan significantly affects the physical properties of mortars, improves the corrosion resistance of mortars containing up to 20% of natural pozzolan and reduces the thermal conductivity.
Rigid Polyurethane Foam: A Versatile Energy Efficient Material
Authors: Singh Harpal
Published: February 2016

Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is typically prepared by the reaction of an isocyanate, such as methyl diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) with a polyol blend. During the polymerization reaction, a blowing agent expands the reacting mixture. The finished product is a solid, cellular polymer with a high thermal resistance. RPUF is an outstanding material for different applications. It has many desirable properties such as low thermal conductivity, low density, low water absorption, low moisture permeability, excellent dimensional stability, high strength to weight ratio. So, it is the best insulating material for industrial buildings, cold storages, telecom and defense shelters due to low thermal conductivity, low density, low moisture permeability and high porosity. It works to reduce heating and cooling loss, improving the efficiency of the building envelope. Thus, RPUF insulation in building envelopes brings additional benefits in energy savings, resulting in lower energy bills and protecting the environment by cutting CO2 emissions.
Mechanical Properties and Thermal Resistance of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete for Energy Efficiency in Building Construction
Authors: Balakrishnan B. , Awal A.S.M. Abdul
Published: February 2016

The utilization of waste materials in concrete is one of the best value added solutions to the construction industry. With the aim of sustability development, high volume fly ash (HVFA) were tested in concrete by substituting 40, 50 and 60% of OPC with fly ash. Properties studied in this research includes fresh concrete properties, mechanical properties and the resistance of concrete exposed to high temperature. The test result indicates that HVFA concrete positively influenced the workability; however, the setting times of the concrete were longer. It has been found that the development of strength of high volume fly ash concrete was relatively slower, but ahigher strength development at later ages was observed in concrete containing HVFA. The performance of concrete at elevated temperatures reveals that concrete without any fly ash has better resistance than HVFA concrete at high temperature. The use of high volume fly ash results in an acceptable concrete performance, which grants high potential for energy saving in the building construction.
Serum Total Sialic Acid and Highly Sensitive C-reactive Protein: Prognostic Markers for the Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Varma Vandana , Varma Meena , Varma Amit , Kumar Ravindra , Bharosay Anuradha , Vyas Savita
Published: February 2016

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate and establish the role of total sialic acid (TSA) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with complications such as diabetic nephropathy.

Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty-seven patients with T2DM with nephropathy (DN) and 162 patients of T2DM without nephropathy (DM) along with 165 unrelated age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Serum glucose (fasting and postprandial) levels, renal profile, and lipid profile were done as per standard protocol. Serum TSA test levels and hs-CRP level were evaluated using thiobarbituric acid assay and immunoturbidimetric method respectively.

Results: We observed a higher concentration of serum TSA (82.67 ± 6.63 mg/dl) and hs-CRP (3.2 ± 1.44 mg/L) in diabetic nephropathy than the diabetes mellitus group (73.83 ± 6.90 mg/dl and 2.07 ± 1.32 mg/L, respectively). Both TSA and hs-CRP levels were found significantly correlated with fasting and postprandial blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, and urine microalbumin levels in both DM and DN groups. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that both TSA and hs-CRP was independently associated with diabetic nephropathy.

Conclusion: High serum TSA and hs-CRP levels may increase the microangiopathic (diabetic nephropathy) complications of T2DM.
Aeromonas spp.: An Emerging Nosocomial Pathogen
Authors: Batra Priyam , Mathur Purva , Misra Mahesh C
Published: February 2016

Aeromonads are hallophillic, nonacid fast, nonspore forming, Gram-negative rods which are widely distributed in the soil, foodstuffs, and aquatic environment. Since times immemorial, they are important zoonotic pathogens of poikilotherms but are now emerging as important human pathogens. These emerging enteric pathogens flourish in the water distribution system by forming biofilms. They possess large number of virulence factors including inherent resistance to various antibiotics and ability to form biofilms using quorum sensing. These properties make them easy pathogens for human infections. Aeromonads are important enteric pathogens, but, with the growing level of immunosuppression in the population, they have been associated with various extraintestinal infections, such as skin and soft‑tissue infections, traumatic wound infections, and lower respiratory tract/ urinary tract infections. The average annual incidence of bacteremia in Southern Taiwan due to Aeromonas spp. was 76 cases/ million inhabitants between 2008 and 2010. However, the incidence reported from Western countries is much lower. The case fatality rate among patients with Aeromonas bacteremia ranges from 27.5 to 46%. Aeromonads are universally resistant to the narrow-spectrum penicillin group of antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin. They are however susceptible to piperacillin, azlocillin, second and third generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Most of the Aeromonas species are susceptible to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim‑sulfamethoxazole, quinolones, and monobactams. This manuscript is a comprehensive systematic review of the literature available on Aeromonas spp.
Evaluation of SD BIOLINE Syphilis 3.0 for Rapid Diagnosis of Syphilis: Report from a Regional Sexually Transmitted Infection Reference Laboratory in North India
Authors: Mehra Bhanu , Bhattar Sonali , Saxena Shikhar , Rawat Deepti , Bhalla Preena
Published: February 2016

Background: Serology is considered the mainstay of syphilis diagnosis. The limitations of the traditional serological methods and the advent and availability of novel immunochromatographic assays have led to the widespread application of rapid point-of-care procedures as screening tools for syphilis. However, these tests have not been extensively evaluated. This study was designed to evaluate the performance of a rapid syphilis diagnostic test known as SD BIOLINE Syphilis 3.0 (SD Biostandard Diagnostics Private Limited, Gurgaon, Haryana, India).

Materials and Methods: A panel comprising of 50 venereal disease research laboratory reactive and 50 nonreactive sera was tested using SD BIOLINE Syphilis 3.0. The performance of the test was evaluated using IMMUTREP Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) (OMEGA Diagnostics Limited, Scotland, United Kingdom) as the reference standard and sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were calculated.

Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of SD BIOLINE Syphilis 3.0 were 92.86% (confidence interval of 95%: 80.52–98.50%), 98.28% (90.76-99.96%), 97.50% (86.84–99.94%), and 95.00% (86.08–98.96%), respectively, compared to TPHA as the gold standard.

Conclusion: Keeping in view the high sensitivity and specificity of SD BIOLINE Syphilis 3.0, we conclude that the test can be used as a tool for rapid on-site diagnosis of syphilis and as an alternative to TPHA for detection of antibodies to Treponema pallidum.
Vascular malformations of central nervous system: A series from tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Karri Sudhir Babu , Uppin Megha S. , Rajesh A. , Ashish K. , Bhattacharjee Suchanda , Rani Y. Jyotsna , Sahu B. P. , Saradhi M. Vijaya , Purohit A. K. , Challa Sundaram
Published: February 2016

Aims and Objectives: To describe clinicopathological features of surgically resected vascular malformations (VMs) of central nervous system (CNS). Materials and Methods: Histologically diagnosed cases of VMs of CNS during April 2010–April 2014 were included. Demographic data, clinical and radiological features were obtained. Hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed along with Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG), Masson’s trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff, and Perls’ stains. Morphologically, cavernomas and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were distinguished on the basis of vessel wall features on VVG and intervening glial parenchyma. Results: Fifty cases were diagnosed as VMs of CNS with an age range of 14–62 years. These included 36 cavernomas, 12 AVMs, 2 mixed capillary-cavernous angiomas. Most of the cavernoma patients (15/36) presented with seizures, whereas AVM patients (8/12) had a headache as the dominant symptom. Twenty-nine patients were reliably diagnosed on radiological features. Microscopic evidence of hemorrhage was seen in 24/36 cavernomas and 6/12 AVMs, as opposed to radiologic evidence of 10 and 4, respectively. Reactive gliosis was seen in 16 cavernomas. Conclusions: Histological features are important for classifying the VMs of CNS as there are no specific clinical and radiological features. Type of VM has a bearing on management, prognosis, and risk of hemorrhage.
Successful interventions in decreasing oxycodone CR prescriptions within an underserved population
Authors: Shah, MD Nipa R. , Haddad-Lacle, MD Judella , Hogan, Pharm-D Thanh
Published: February 2016

Objective: To use fundamental population health and Patient Centered Medical Home guidelines to create an effective intervention that would decrease the quantity of inappropriate oxycodone controlled release (CR) prescriptions within an uninsured population.Design: This was a prospective interventional study.Patients, participants: Patients seen in the newly formed University of Florida Community Health and Family Medicine Department Total Care Clinic, for chronic nonmalignant pain. This clinic was designed to serve the uninsured patients of Jacksonville, FL.Interventions: A structured, step-wise pain management protocol was introduced and implemented, and an improved Controlled Substance User Agreement was created and implemented. Pharmacists and primary care providers collaborated on care.Main outcome measure(s): The primary study outcome measures were the number of oxycodone CR prescriptions over an 8-month period.Results: At the initiation of the program, the authors averaged over 40 oxycodone CR prescriptions per month. After 3 months, the number of prescriptions dropped to an average of 10 per month, a 75 percent decrease. More importantly, the number of oxycodone CR tablets saw a corresponding 75 percent drop from over 2,500 tablets per month to approximately 600 per month. Of course, the authors were concerned that the reduction of oxycodone CR may lead to increases in the use of other opioids. However, trends for hydrocodone/acetaminophen also showed a reduction in total usage as well as all other long-acting opioids. In addition, patient satisfaction did not change significantly, and no significant complaints from patients regarding this specific change were received.Conclusions: By implementing criteria for oxycodone CR prescribing in an innovative, comprehensive, and unified patient-centered practice model, the authors saw a significant decrease in the number of oxycodone CR tablets prescribed per month and also a decrease in total prescriptions per month.
Pain intensity and interference with functioning and well-being in subgroups of patients with chronic pain treated with once-daily hydrocodone tablets
Authors: Bartoli, MD Adrian , Michna, MD Edward , He, PhD Ellie , Wen, PhD Warren
Published: February 2016

Background: A previous 52-week trial of patients with chronic noncancer, nonneuropathic pain (CNNP) showed clinically meaningful improvement in pain intensity, pain interference, and physical health-related quality of life (HRQL) following daily treatment with an extended-release, once-daily hydrocodone (Hysingla® ER; HYD) bitartrate tablet.Objective: To examine treatment response within patient subgroups and to assess between-subgroup differences in effectiveness and side effect profile. Methods: Data were from an open-label 52-week trial of treatment with HYD tablets (20-120 mg, once-daily) for patients with moderate-to-severe CNNP. Binary subgroups were defined for the following six factors: age, gender, opioid experience, baseline pain severity, history of depression, and stable HYD dose at completion of a 45-day dose-titration period. Univariable and multivariable models examined changes in average pain intensity (API; 11-point numeric rating scale), pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory-Interference subscale [BPI-I]), physical and mental HRQL (36-item Short Form health survey Physical and Mental Component Summaries [PCS and MCS]), and sleep quality (Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale Sleep Problems Index [SPI]) from baseline to maintenance, and subgroup differences in adverse events.Results: All subgroups showed clinically meaningful improvements in API, BPII, and PCS scores; no subgroups showed improvements in MCS or SPI. Between subgroup comparisons found greater improvements for opioid-naïve patients and for patients with severe baseline pain. Incidence of adverse events differed minimally between subgroups.Conclusion: Regardless of subgroup, patients with CNNP treated with HYD showed clinically meaningful improvements in pain intensity, pain interference, and physical HRQL, although not in mental HRQL or sleep quality. Improvements were generally larger for opioid-naïve patients and patients with severe baseline pain.
Catchment power and the joint distribution of elevation and travel distance to the outlet
Authors: Sklar Leonard S. , Riebe Clifford S . , Lukens Claire  E. , Bellugi Dino
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The delivery of water, sediment and solutes by catchments is influenced by the distribution of source elevations and their travel distances to the outlet. For example, elevation affects the magnitude and phase of precipitation, as well as the climatic factors that govern rock weathering, which influence the production rate and initial particle size of sediments. Travel distance, in turn, affects the timing of flood peaks at the outlet and the degree of sediment size reduction by wear, which affect particle size distributions at the outlet. The distributions of elevation and travel distance have been studied extensively but separately, as the hypsometric curve and width function. Yet a catchment can be considered as a collection of points, each with paired values of elevation and travel distance. For every point, the ratio of elevation to travel distance defines the mean slope for transport of mass to the outlet. Recognizing that mean slope is proportional to the average rate of loss of potential energy by water and sediment during transport to the outlet, we use the joint distribution of elevation and travel distance to define two new metrics for catchment geometry: "source-area power", and the corresponding catchment-wide integral "catchment power". We explore patterns in source-area and catchment power across three study catchments spanning a range of relief and drainage area. We then develop an empirical algorithm for generating synthetic source-area power distributions, which can be parameterized with data from natural catchments, and used to explore the effects of topography on the distribution on fluxes of water, sediment, isotopes and other landscape products passing through catchment outlets. This new way of quantifying the three-dimensional geometry of catchments may provide a fresh perspective on problems of both practical and theoretical interest.
Charitable Organization Oversight: Rules v. Standards
Authors: Hackney Philip T.
Published: February 2016

Congress has traditionally utilized standards as a means of communicating charitable tax law in the Code. In the past fifteen years, however, Congress has increasingly turned to rules to stop fraud and abuse in the charitable sector. I review the rules versus standards debate to evaluate this trend. Are Congressional rules the best method for regulating the charitable sector? While the complex changing nature of charitable purpose would suggest standards are better, the inadequacy of IRS enforcement and the large number of unsophisticated charitable organizations both augur strongly in favor of rules. Congress, however, is not the ideal institution to implement rules for charitable purpose. The IRS is the better institution generally to institute rules there because of its informational advantage over Congress. Additionally, the IRS can implement rules in a more flexible rule format than can Congress. Still, Congress as a rulemaker makes sense in a few scenarios: (1) where it implements transparent procedural requirements; (2) where it regulates discrete behavior of charitable organization acts; and, (3) where it intends to remove a set of organizations from charitable status through simple rules.
Front Matter
Authors: Tax Review Pittsburgh
Published: February 2016

Masthead
Effectiveness of Guidance and Counseling Services on Adolescent Self- concept in Khwisero District, Kakamega County
Authors: Olando Kenneth Otieno , Otenyo Beatrice A. , Odera Peter
Published: February 2016

Self concept is one’s self identity. It’s a representation of a person’s own perceived beliefs, attitudes, competencies and characteristics. The researcher was motivated to make a study on the effectiveness of guidance and counseling services on adolescent self concept in schools within Khwisero district, in Kakamega County. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The district has a total of 24 public and 3 private secondary schools. The study used a target population sample of 240 students, 6 principals, 6 teacher counselors, and 3 education officials from 8 schools. Stratified random sampling and purposive and stratified techniques were used to sample the required schools according to their categories, select students, teachers and principals. The principals, teachers and student s’ questionnaires were administered. An interview schedule for education officials was also given. To establish the reliability of the research instruments of the study, Pearson’s Product Correlation Coefficient was computed; yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.87.The study findings revealed that there was positive correlation between effective guidance and counseling services and promotion of positive adolescent self concept. This study significantly assists education stake holders to develop and improve the self esteem of their learners. It’s hoped that the Ministry of Education should provide guidelines on the implementation of effective guidance and counseling strategies and their relevance.
An Historical Perspective of Reward Systems: Lessons Learned from the Scientific Management Era
Authors: Caudill Helene L. , Porter Constance D.
Published: February 2016

This paper reveals how similar the reward systems prevalent during the scientific management era are to the rewards systems in use today. Systems popular today, such as profit sharing, gain sharing, skill/knowledge-based pay, merit-based pay/pay for performance, and variable-based pay, were also advocated during the reign of scientific management. The ideas expressed by several key scientific management contributors, including Frederick W. Taylor, Henry L. Gantt, Harrington Emerson, and Frank B and Lillian M. Gilbreth, are detailed. These ideas are compared and contrasted with existing reward systems and their underlying premises.  In addition, the lessons learned from the scientific management era as they relate to reward system philosophies of today are presented.
Characteristics of Cottage Industries in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Makokha PaulPeter M.
Published: February 2016

Cottage industries are the home-based units of production which rely on human- or animal-propelled skills and technology. They are characterized by accessibility to raw materials, low costs of operation, and proximity to markets. The cottage industries highlighted in this research paper are: pottery, crude sugar production, brick-making, liquor production, quarrying and masonry, carpentry, traditional medicine production, charcoal production, basketry and weaving, baking, bicycle repair, flour-grinding, and shoe-making and repair.
Aseptic Technique for Accessing Central Venous Catheters: Applying a Standardised tool to Audit ‘Scrub the Hub’ Practices
Authors: Desra Andra P. , Breen Jennifer , Harper Susan , Slavin Monica A. , Worth Leon J.
Published: February 2016

Background

To reduce the risk of infections associated with indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs), practices for hub disinfection have been widely promoted. The objective of this study was to design and implement a standardised tool to monitor compliance with ‘scrub the hub’ practices at an Australian centre.

Methods

Review of existing literature and recommendations regarding scrub the hub practices was performed to identify nine key components that could be audited by direct observation of staff in clinical areas. The tool was reviewed by stakeholders in infection prevention, infectious diseases and senior nursing roles prior to pilot evaluation.

Results

Twenty attempts to access a CVC were audited. In all instances, scrub the hub practices were commenced. However, a 15-second scrub was performed in only 60% of cases, and the hub was permitted to dry in only 65% of instances. With respect to maintaining an aseptic field, the overall compliance was 40%, and compliance was lowest for maintenance of a non-touch technique for key parts and sites, and hand hygiene practices following CVC access.

Conclusions

A standardised clinical audit tool for monitoring aseptic access of CVCs enabled identification of practices amendable to targeted intervention and education, such as duration of hub disinfection. This tool would be readily utilised to facilitate quality improvement initiatives in a range of healthcare contexts, including high-risk inpatient and ambulatory care settings.
OVERVIEW
Authors: Cho Young-mee Yu , Kang Sahie , Kim Hee-Sun , Lee Hyo Sang , Wang Hye-Sook , Kim Hae-Young , Kim Hi-Sun , Suh Joowon
Published: February 2016

The overview lays out a map of learning objectives for Standards-Based College Curriculum for Korean Language Education, which are defined in terms of the five Cs learning objectives and divided by proficiency level. It describes a set of goals which base the level-specific curriculums in this volume and that can function as a reference and guideline for future curriculum design and development of assessment tools. Levels roughly coincide with years of instruction in the university setting, but more accurately apply to targeted learner profiles as determined by ACTFL proficiency guidelines, from novice to advanced high. Six consecutive levels and a heritage level that straddles the first and the second level are posited. The five Cs learning objectives are an expansion and elaboration of objectives presented in Standards for Learning Korean (2012), while modifying and adapting them to fit the interests and needs of postsecondary students. Objectives are presented in the order of communication (C1), cultures (C2), connections (C3), comparisons (C4), and communities (C5), with subcategories in accordance with the framework of the standards. In each category, they are bracketed into levels 1–6 and heritage level for describing level-appropriate goals as well as showing progression and difference at the junctures of successive levels.
Estrategias de vida campesina en cuatro comunidades ubicadas en áreas protegidas: Una cosmovisión económica más allá de la agricultura
Authors: Velásquez Hernández José Ramón
Published: February 2016

En este estudio se analizan los tipos de estrategias de vida que desarrollan cuatro las comunidades campesinas ubicadas en las áreas protegidas de El Chocoyero-El Brujo y Miraflor-Moropotente. Para la realización del estudio se aplicaron encuestas que permitieron obtener información concreta sobre la forma en cómo se van configurando y adaptando a las condiciones variantes del entorno estas estrategias de vida. El 63% de las unidades domésticas campesinas viven de la agricultura y el restante 37% viven además de la agricultura de otras actividades económicas no agrícolas que son complementarias. De manera que la reproducción social de las UDC, no es exclusivamente en el marco de la agricultura, sino de otras actividades que acompañan. El marco interpretativo con el que se discuten teóricamente los hallazgos es la nueva ruralidad, y disertaciones teóricas sobre las estrategias de vida. La cultura campesina, no es sinónimo de lo agrario, existen componentes de la cultura rural que son más amplios y que determinan patrones de comportamientos específicos, como sus vínculos con lo urbano que influyen decididamente en la adopción de otras estrategias de vida que no son propias del contexto ruralREICE Vol.3(6) 2015: 55-76
Estudios de Innovación en las Universidades Públicas de Nicaragua
Authors: Ramón López Mario
Published: February 2016

La experiencia del departamento de economía agrícola de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua UNAN Managua sobre estudios de innovación así como la apertura de la Maestría en Innovación Agropecuaria (MIA) la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA) ambos procesos son instrumental y sustantiva en la enseñanza y la investigación de la innovación para preparar las bases metodológicas y empíricas sobre aprendizaje interactivo e innovación y que da apoyo a la construcción del sistema nacional de innovación en Nicaragua. La investigación se ha elaborado siguiendo el enfoque apreciativo y cualitativo utilizando el software MaxQDA-10. Se ha tomado como base empírica las monografías y los estudios ejecutados en el departamento de economía agrícola en el nivel de grado así como también las propuestas de protocolos de investigación de los 29 estudiantes de posgrado de la maestría en innovación agropecuaria (MIA). Se concluye que estos estudios constituyen un estado del arte útil para informar la introducción en el currículo de manera formal y extracurricular el aprendizaje sobre innovación en la enseñanza y en el proceso de investigación universitaria en las universidades miembros del Consejo Nacional de Universidades (CNU).REICE Vol.3(6) 2015: 122-147
Políticas Públicas, Sostenibilidad Ambiental y Desarrollo de Nicaragua
Authors: Lara Benavides Rebeca Saray
Published: February 2016

El objetivo del escrito es reflexionar sobre la existencia de sostenibilidad del Desarrollo Económico en Nicaragua en el período comprendido entre 2010 y 2015. La metodología utilizada ha consistido en un análisis descriptivo, explicativo y correlacional de la evolución las Políticas Públicas y el Ambiente en Nicaragua. Los resultados obtenidos en este razonamiento confirman las asunciones implícitas sobre la relación esperada entre Políticas Públicas y Medio Ambiente, y se han observado ciertas debilidades en ambos aspectos como motores del desarrollo. La sostenibilidad del desarrollo de Nicaragua es posible a través de la formulación y aplicación efectiva de políticas públicas y la armonización con el Medio Ambiente, pues Nicaragua tiene potencial ambiental que sirve de base para producción, la clave se encuentra en el uso óptimo del mismo a través de políticas públicas que procuren la eficiencia y equidad.REICE Vol.3(6) 2015: 158-179
Incongruências na criação de unidades de conservação: um estudo de caso da “Flona de Açu”
Authors: Leite Rodrigo De Almeida , Dos Santos Marcus Tullius Leite Fernandes
Published: February 2016

Este artigo utiliza o método do estudo de caso para analisar a criação da Floresta Nacional de Açu, mais conhecida como Flona de Açu, localizada no município de Assú, Estado no Rio Grande do Norte. Observou-se que existem ilegalidades formais na criação da Flona de Açu que estão gerando conflitos de gestão de informação com os diversos órgãos ambientais (nível municipal, estadual e federal). Um exemplo disto foi a permissão da criação de uma Zona de Processamento de Exportação (ZPE) na mesma área da Floresta. Desta forma, procura-se alertar que no caso da Flona de Açu, sua criação deveria ter ocorrido por um processo mais democrático, de forma a permitir uma melhor integração entre os diversos órgãos ambientais.
O acordo de Leniência: uma análise de sua compatibilidade constitucional e legitimidade
Authors: Sales Marlon Roberth , Bannwart Júnior Clodomiro José
Published: February 2016

Este estudo tem por escopo analisar o instituto do Acordo de Leniência, notadamente, à luz de sua previsão na Lei Anticorrupção (Lei 12.846 de 2013) e no Decreto Regulamentar 8.420, de 2015. Em um primeiro momento, analisar-se-á a origem do acordo de leniência de forma ampla, sobretudo no sistema estadunidense para, pari passu, investigá-lo no âmbito da Lei Anticorrupção. Após, procurar-se-á refutar sua possível (in)constitucionalidade. Por fim, será traçado um paralelo entre os Acordos de Leniência e a Administração Pública dialógica, tendo como parâmetro a teoria discursiva habermasiana. Ao final, busca-se demonstrar que o Acordo de Leniência constitui em legítimo instrumento constitucional e, ademais, configura-se em efetivo mecanismo consensual de combate à corrupção em solo democrático.
Pioneirismo bibliográfico em um polímeta do séc. XVI: Conrad Gesner
Authors: Araújo André Vieira de Freitas
Published: February 2016

Introdução: A Bibliografia é uma disciplina constituída por interfaces teóricas e práticas que, desde sua origem, têm fundamentado o tratamento documental. Possui uma longa história, cuja eminência está nas contribuições do cientista, erudito e bibliógrafo suíço, Conrad Gesner (1516-1565), e na sua obra Bibliotheca Universalis.

Objetivo: 1) identificar as interfaces da Bibliografia, em particular a bibliotecária e material; 2) recuperar elementos constitutivos da cultura bibliográfica; 3) delinear o perfil biobibliográfico de Conrad Gesner; 4) identificar, de forma sumária, aspectos bibliográficos de Bibliotheca Universalis, do ponto de vista descritivo e semântico e 5) discutir seu sentido como dispositivo de mediação e memória bibliográfica.

Metodologia: Revisão de literatura a partir da perspectiva histórica.

Resultados: Gesner é um dos mais notáveis cientistas do período moderno, além de ser considerado o “pai da Bibliografia” e fundador da disciplina bibliográfica. Com Bibliotheca Universalis, delineou as práticas bibliográficas da Europa Moderna.
Conclusões: Bibliotheca Universalis é mais do que um produto cultural e documentário: arrola aspectos da cultura manuscrita e impressa e traz implicitamente uma profunda reflexão descritiva e semântica sobre os documentos e os saberes. Tais aspectos não só contribuem à configuração histórica e conceitual da Bibliografia enquanto disciplina, mas, sobretudo, evidenciam o pioneirismo bibliográfico do polímeta do Séc. XVI.
Bibliografia: caminhos da história contada e da história vivida
Authors: Alentejo Eduardo
Published: February 2016

Introdução: Trata sobre a Bibliografia tendo como referência sua historiografia. Tem por material as bibliografias citadas, os clássicos e os autores que marcaram o desenvolvimento da área.

Objetivo: Visa analisar a bibliografia como sendo campo de interesse científico, buscando responder quais são os caminhos de sua história contada e de sua história vivida que a legitimam como campo de interesses científicos?

Metodologia: A partir do método historiográfico, discorre sobre o estado atual do ensino brasileiro da Bibliografia. Mediante revisão de literatura, explica sua divisão em ramos e discorre sobre sua historiografia de acordo com contornos históricos dos quais envolvem aspectos tecnológicos da produção do conhecimento.

Resultados: Explica que a polifonia e a vulgarização acerca de seu campo científico são fenômenos com impactos às atividades intelectuais nacionais. Analisa conceitos que fundamentam e validam a Bibliografia como área do conhecimento. Atualiza e dá continuidade historiográfica da Bibliografia ao acrescentar reflexões sobre as épocas do trabalho bibliográfico na era digital. Os resultados apontam para a evolução da Bibliografia, tanto enquanto produto e serviço, como área científica em constante desenvolvimento.
Conclusões: Através da análise historiográfica, os caminhos da Bibliografia indicam que o campo de estudo é inesgotável, porque a pesquisa sobre o passado de bibliografia acumulada incluem aspectos teóricos que permanecem no tempo atual e sua atualidade expõe muitas possibilidades para o seu futuro. As bibliografias em ambiente Web permitem expandir entendimentos referentes ao acesso e ao uso da informação pela possibilidade de se empregar recursos tecnológicos capazes de aperfeiçoar suas funções sociais de acesso ao conhecimento, em distintos escopos.
Bibliography, metrics and data visualization: how may we compose shared contexts of information?
Authors: Boechat Marina
Published: February 2016

Introduction: We understand that the careful labor of composing bibliographical contexts is a fundamental concern for Bibliography, and collaborates to develop a deeper understanding of the intertextuality between documents. Nevertheless, the idea of context can assume many inflexions, connected to varied approaches towards bibliographic material. We believe quali-quantitative methods and data visualization can be used for assembling bibliographical contexts to form renovated points of view.

Objective: To discuss how the idea of context relates to bibliographic methods, and how quali-quantitative methods and data visualization may offer new possibilities for assembling, assessing and sharing contexts of information.

Methodology: Bibliographical revision, case discussion. We intend to apply concepts bred from the digital methods of social research to the problems of Bibliography, while we discuss the advantages of visualization.

Results: Quali-quantitative methods may advance bibliographical studies by proposing varied entry points and a bottom-up approach towards building context, while data visualization may display these contexts, giving new visibility to intertextual aspects.
Conclusions: The seminar Arte da Bibliografia, that took place last December in Rio de Janeiro, organized by IBICT/COEP and research group Ecce Liber, proposed a rediscovery of Bibliography as a science, born beside medieval studies and growing into a wider field. In this article, we seeked to outline some fundamental concerns of the field in order to update its relevance to today’s informational landscape. One fundamental concern of bibliography that we chose to focus on, the emphasis in creating knowledge contexts from documents, was explored in the form of different postures or procedures that may equip Bibliography, conciliating in its major facets, textual Bibliography and the quantitative tools derived from bibliometrics, with the use of quali-quantitative methods.
Do físico ao virtual: relações interpessoais que geram redes sociais dos alunos de um curso de graduação
Authors: Satur Roberto Vilmar , Ribeiro Bruno De Araújo , Lima Janecely Silveira de , Dias Guilherme Ataíde
Published: February 2016

Resumo:

 

Introdução: Nos dias atuais, as redes sociais têm ocasionado uma grande participação no cotidiano das pessoas, em especial aos estudantes, tornando-se uma realidade no meio educacional. Mais do que entretenimento, as redes vem sendo ferramentas de interação valiosas para auxiliar na comunicação da informação.

Objetivo: Frente a esse cenário, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é observar a capacidade das interações interpessoais e intragrupo dos alunos de um curso de graduação (Letras Estrangeiras Aplicadas às Negociações Internacionais), de uma universidade pública (UFPB), na formação e expansão de redes sociais iniciadas por meio de contato pessoal e ampliadas para o universo virtual. Nesse sentido, visa especificamente, mapear as interações interpessoais dos alunos na formação de redes sociais e na ampliação de suas relações; descrever quais as formas de interação mais utilizadas e levantar dados básicos do perfil dos atores.

Metodologia: Para conhecer melhor essa realidade desses sujeitos foi adotado, como instrumento de coleta de dados, um questionário composto por questões fechadas, direcionadas aos alunos do curso já mencionado. No total, foram listados 95 nomes de alunos no curso, no mês de maio, que podiam ser marcados pelos respondentes. A pesquisa foi aplicada durante todo o mês de junho de 2014 e computou 71 questionários respondidos. Após a coleta, os dados foram lançados e aplicou-se o software Gephi.

Resultados: Os resultados mostram a tendência à formação de uma rede ampla dentro do curso, mas mais intensa entre determinados alunos formando minigrupos e a existência de atores-ponte. O artigo também demonstrou que havia uma clara passagem da relação do contato pessoa para o ambiente virtual.
Conclusões: Ainda que as redes sociais podem servir cada vez mais de espaço de comunicação e interação, uma vez que o uso destas na educação está relacionado ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem, havendo avanços nas formas de interação e acesso e busca a informações entre os seus usuários. Assim, estudar os fenômenos que possam traduzir esse novo comportamento e essas novas interações é de fundamental importância, tendo em vista o processo, até certo ponto irreversível de virtualização social.
A relação entre informação, cultura organizacional e tomada de decisão em uma organização
Authors: Lopes Paulo Danelon , Perucchi Valmira
Published: February 2016

Introdução: Compreende uma pesquisa documental sobre a relação entre informação, cultura organizacional e tomada de decisão em uma organização.

Objetivo: verificar qual a influência da informação, considerando-se a cultura organizacional, na tomada de decisão em uma organização.

Metodologia: A revisão de literatura procura contemplar autores especializados nas áreas de informação (Belkin; Borko; Capurro; Choo; Tarapanoff; dentre outros); cultura (Fleury et al.; Moraes e Fadel; Nassar e Schein); tomada de decisão (Angeloni; Hoppen; Leitão e Nassif; Lousada e Valentim e  Oliveira) e organização (Bernardes e Marcondes e Maximiano).

Resultados: pode existir uma grande interdependência entre informação, cultura e tomada de decisão em uma organização.

Conclusões: A informação pode facilitar a compreensão da cultura de uma organização, de como ocorrem os processos de mudança e quais alternativas podem ser levantadas para que ela possa lograr êxito em seu processo de tomada de decisão com o objetivo de assegurar a sua perpetuação ao longo do tempo.
Prospecção de cenários e monitoramento informacional como ferramentas de inteligência competitiva para o planejamento de políticas públicas no estado de Goiás
Authors: Almeida Arielle Lopes de , Maricato João De Melo
Published: February 2016

Introdução: A inteligência estratégica pode ser vista como um processo informacional contínuo que visa identificar relações e conexões para construir cenários futuros de forma a minimizar riscos e ações irrefletidas. Reconhece a importância de um ambiente informacional voltado à obtenção, criação, compartilhamento e internalização do conhecimento, inclusive no setor público.

Objetivo: Assim, o objetivo a pesquisa é identificar as atividades de inteligência que estão sendo utilizadas para o planejamento do estado de Goiás.

Metodologia: Utiliza como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevista. Trata-se de estudo de caso, com apoio em uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva. Identifica e analisa as atividades de inteligência utilizadas nas secretarias de Gestão e Planejamento, Indústria e Comércio e Segurança Pública.

Resultados: Foi possível identificar que no estado de Goiás não existe um processo unificado de prospecção e monitoramento. Existem investimentos em atividades de inteligência, porém, estes não estão efetivamente implementadas ou bem gerenciadas.

Conclusão: Apesar de a inteligência estratégica servir como orientadora do processo de prospecção e monitoramento. Indica os principais cenários a serem acompanhados, na administração pública, no estado de Goiás, existem lacunas na sua utilização.