bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Determinants of Health—Time to Redefine the Social History?
Authors: Rabinowitz Peter M. , Barry Michele
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses how increasing climate change and other environmental hazards contribute to greater adverse health effects, particularly for socially vulnerable populations, and calls for improved gathering of social and environmental history data and risk assessment in routine patient encounters.
Bilateral Acute Retinal Necrosis After Oncolytic HSV-1 Treatment of Glioblastoma
Authors: Fuerst Jonathan S. , Danthuluri Veena , Crosson Jason N. , Martindale Richard M.
Published: October 2024

This case report discusses a case of bilateral acute retinal necrosis after administration of a recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in a 55-year-old patient with a grade IV glioblastoma.
Deep learning‐based analysis of EGFR mutation prevalence in lung adenocarcinoma H&E whole slide images
Authors: Park Jun Hyeong , Lim June Hyuck , Kim Seonhwa , Kim Chul‐Ho , Choi Jeong‐Seok , Lim Jun Hyeok , Kim Lucia , Chang Jae Won , Park Dongil , Lee Myung‐won , Kim Sup , Park Il‐Seok , Han Seung Hoon , Shin Eun , Roh Jin , Heo Jaesung
Published: October 2024

EGFR mutations are a major prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma. However, current detection methods require sufficient samples and are costly. Deep learning is promising for mutation prediction in histopathological image analysis but has limitations in that it does not sufficiently reflect tumor heterogeneity and lacks interpretability. In this study, we developed a deep learning model to predict the presence of EGFR mutations by analyzing histopathological patterns in whole slide images (WSIs). We also introduced the EGFR mutation prevalence (EMP) score, which quantifies EGFR prevalence in WSIs based on patch‐level predictions, and evaluated its interpretability and utility. Our model estimates the probability of EGFR prevalence in each patch by partitioning the WSI based on multiple‐instance learning and predicts the presence of EGFR mutations at the slide level. We utilized a patch‐masking scheduler training strategy to enable the model to learn various histopathological patterns of EGFR. This study included 868 WSI samples from lung adenocarcinoma patients collected from three medical institutions: Hallym University Medical Center, Inha University Hospital, and Chungnam National University Hospital. For the test dataset, 197 WSIs were collected from Ajou University Medical Center to evaluate the presence of EGFR mutations. Our model demonstrated prediction performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7680 (0.7607–0.7720) and an area under the precision‐recall curve of 0.8391 (0.8326–0.8430). The EMP score showed Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.4705 (p = 0.0087) for p.L858R and 0.5918 (p = 0.0037) for exon 19 deletions in 64 samples subjected to next‐generation sequencing analysis. Additionally, high EMP scores were associated with papillary and acinar patterns (p = 0.0038 and p = 0.0255, respectively), whereas low EMP scores were associated with solid patterns (p = 0.0001). These results validate the reliability of our model and suggest that it can provide crucial information for rapid screening and treatment plans.
Fundamental study of damping models with enhanced frequency independence in nonlinear seismic response analysis
Authors: Ota Akira , Nakamura Naohiro , Nabeshima Kunihiko , Mogi Yoshihiro , Kawabata Masafumi
Published: October 2024

Causal hysteretic damping, extended Rayleigh damping, and uniform damping models exhibit frequency‐independent damping ratios over a wide frequency range. However, several points remain unclear regarding their applicability to inelastic problems. Therefore, in this study, to compare the vibration characteristics of these damping models, analyses are performed by inputting white noise into simple models with various natural frequencies. Results confirm that these damping models are frequency‐independent even under inelastic conditions. Further, the causal hysteretic and extended Rayleigh damping models have the same computation order as that of conventional Rayleigh damping and can therefore be calculated in approximately the same time.
Comparison of translation algorithms in determining maximum allowable CTV shifts for Real‐Time Gated Proton Therapy (RGPT) robustness evaluation in prostate cancers
Authors: Lee James Kuan Huei , Lew Kah Seng , Koh Calvin Wei Yang , Lee James Cheow Lei , Bettiol Andrew A. , Park Sung Yong , Tan Hong Qi
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Real‐Time Gated Proton Therapy (RGPT) is an active motion management technique that utilizes treatment gating and tumor tracking via fiducial markers. When performing RGPT treatment for prostate cancer, it is essential to account for the CTV displacement relative to the body in the clinical workflow. The workflow at the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) includes bone matching via CT‐CBCT images, followed by fiducial matching via pulsed fluoroscopy (soft tissue matching), and finally, a robustness evaluation procedure to determine if the difference is within an allowable tolerance. In this study, we compare two CTV translation methods for robustness evaluation: (1) an in‐house translation algorithm and (2) the RayStation “simulate organ motion” Deformable image registration (DIR) algorithm.

Methods

Nine RGPT prostate patient plans with CTV volumes ranging from 17.1 to 96.72 cm2 were included in this study. An in‐house translation algorithm and “simulate organ motion” DIR RayStation algorithm were used to generate CTV shifts along R‐L, I‐S, and P‐A axes between 10 mm at 2 mm steps. At each step, dose metrics, which include CTV Dmax, CTV D95%, and CTV D98%, were extracted and used as comparative metrics for CTV target coverage and hot spot evaluation.

Results

Across all axes, there were no statistically significant differences between the two algorithms for all three dose metrics: CTV Dmax (P = 0.92, P = 0.91, and P = 0.47), CTV D95% (P = 0.97, P = 0.22, and P = 0.33), and CTV D98% (P = 0.85, P = 0.33, and P = 0.36). Further, the in‐house translation algorithm evaluation time was less than 10 s, two orders of magnitude faster than the DIR algorithm.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that the simpler in‐house algorithm performs equivalently to the realistic DIR algorithm when simulating CTV motion in prostate cancers. Furthermore, the in‐house algorithm completes the robustness evaluation two orders of magnitude faster than the DIR algorithm. This significant reduction in evaluation time is crucial especially when preparatory time efficiency is of paramount importance in a busy clinic.
Intermediate Phase Modulation via Bifunctional Molecular Additive for High‐Performance Quasi‐2D Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Hu Siliang , Shen Yi , Li Haifan , Gao Boxiang , Hu Xiaoguang , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Weijun , Ding Mingqi , Luo Man , Kong Xiangpeng , Wong Chun‐Yuen , Ho Johnny C.
Published: October 2024

Quasi‐2D perovskite thin films hold great promise for creating highly efficient and stable optoelectronic devices. Regulating the intermediate phase during crystallization is crucial for determining film quality, directly impacting device performance. In this study, the bifunctional molecule L‐carnitine is introduced into the quasi‐2D precursor solution to modulate the intermediate phase during crystallization. The results demonstrate that the strong coordination between L‐carnitine and PbI2 effectively impedes the combination of PbI2 and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), preventing the formation of the PbI2·DMSO intermediate phase. This elimination of the intermediate phase mitigates the potential hazards associated with DMSO escape during subsequent annealing, significantly enhancing film quality. Furthermore, the bifunctional groups in L‐carnitine interact with the perovskite, effectively passivating film defects and enhancing thermal and illumination stability. As a result, the L‐carnitine‐modified quasi‐2D perovskite photodetector exhibits outstanding performance, with a responsivity of 2724 mA W−1 and a detectivity of 9.10 × 1010 Jones. This research proposes a novel strategy to regulate intermediate phases during crystallization and passivate defects synergistically, enabling the production of high‐quality perovskite films and high‐performance perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Synergizing Proton‐Dominated Storage and Electron Transfer for High‐Loading, Fast‐Rate Organic Anode in Metal‐Free Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ruanye , Xu Hai , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: October 2024

Developing suitable anode materials to fabricate metal‐free Zinc ion battery is a promising strategy to solve the issues of Zn metal anode, such as dendrite growth and side reactions. However, the reported anode materials face shortcomings such as unsatisfactory rate performance, low mass loading, etc. Herein, featuring synergetic proton‐dominated storage and electron transfer, a conjugated polyimide nanocomposite trapped by multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (PPN‐MWCNT) is developed for high‐loading, fast‐rate organic anode materials in metal‐free Zinc ion battery. Specifically, abundant hydrophilic active sites and nonplaner conjunctional structure in PPN achieve proton‐dominated storage with two steps four electrons mechanism, leading to fast ion diffusion, and the intimate contact between the polymer and MWCNT via in situ polymerization ensures the excellent charge transfer and robust structure. Thus, the PPN‐MWCNT electrode delivers low redox potential, ultrahigh rate performance (50 A g−1), superior loading capability (≈40 mg cm−2) and exceptional long‐term cyclability (over 12 000 cycles). More importantly, the full batteries assembled with PPN‐MWCNT anode and different cathodes deliver a high energy density of 106.4 Wh kg−1 (PPN‐MWCNT//MnO2) and 83.7 Wh kg−1 (PPN‐MWCNT//active carbon‐I2), exceeding the most reported metal‐free Zinc ion batteries.
Hierarchically Ordered Pore Engineering of Carbon Supports with High‐Density Edge‐Type Single‐Atom Sites to Boost Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Hu Chenghong , Hong Ximeng , Liu Miaoling , Shen Kui , Chen Liyu , Li Yingwei
Published: October 2024

Metal sites at the edge of the carbon matrix possess unique geometric and electronic structures, exhibiting higher intrinsic activity than in‐plane sites. However, creating single‐atom catalysts with high‐density edge sites remains challenging. Herein, the hierarchically ordered pore engineering of metal–organic framework‐based materials to construct high‐density edge‐type single‐atomic Ni sites for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is reported. The created ordered macroporous structure can expose enriched edges, further increased by hollowing the pore walls, which overcomes the low edge percentage in the traditional microporous substrates. The prepared single‐atomic Ni sites on the ordered macroporous carbon with ultra‐thin hollow walls (Ni/H‐OMC) exhibit Faraday efficiencies of CO above 90% in an ultra‐wide potential window of 600 mV and a turnover frequency of 3.4 × 104 h−1, much superior than that of the microporous material with dominant plane‐type sites. Theory calculations reveal that NiN4 sites at the edges have a significantly disrupted charge distribution, forming electron‐rich Ni centers with enhanced adsorption ability with *COOH, thereby boosting CO2RR efficiency. Furthermore, a Zn–CO2 battery using the Ni/H‐OMC cathode shows an unprecedentedly high power density of 15.9 mW cm−2 and maintains an exceptionally stable charge–discharge performance over 100 h.
Polyacrylamide Hydrogels as Versatile Biomimetic Platforms to Study Cell‐Materials Interactions
Authors: Milos Frano , del Campo Aránzazu
Published: October 2024

Polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels are widely adopted as 2D‐model soft substrates for investigating cell‐material interactions in a controlled in vitro environment. They offer facile synthesis, tunable physico‐chemical properties, diverse biofunctionalization routes, optical transparency, mouldability in a range of geometries and shapes, and compatibility with living cells. PAAm hydrogels can be engineered to reconstruct physiologically relevant biointerfaces, like cell‐matrix or cell–cell interfaces, featuring biochemical, mechanical, and topographical cues present in the extracellular environment. This Review provides a materials science perspective on PAAm material properties, fabrication, and modification strategies relevant to cell studies, highlighting their versatility and potential to address a wide range of biological questions. Current routes are presented to integrate cell‐instructive features, such as 2D patterns, 2.5D surface topographies, or mechanical stiffness gradients. Finally, the recent advances are emphasized toward dynamic PAAm hydrogels with on‐demand control over hydrogel properties as well as electrically conductive PAAm hydrogels for bioelectronics.
Supercapacitive Multimode Sensing with Tunable Graphene Sheet Film Electrodes
Authors: Yin Chunfeng , Dong Peimei , Zhao Zengcai , Lu Yaping , Jin Yuzhu , Fan Qiaolan , Su Weitao , Zhang Yu , Liu Xudong , Xue Zhenyu , Wu Dihua , Zhou Yangxin
Published: October 2024

Supercapacitive multimode sensing is gaining significant attention across diverse domains, particularly within burgeoning fields of intelligent wearables and human‐computer interaction. Typically, these sensors are constructed using a matrix of conductive nanowires and soft materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which serve as electrodes in thin film supercapacitors (TFSs). To facilitate multimode sensing, ability to modulate response curves is crucial for practical application. In this study, we introduce porous conducting graphene sheet (GS) films with customizable thickness as TFS electrodes. We first develop a wafer‐scale fabrication method using vacuum filtration, to yield GS films with adjustable sheet resistance that can approach the percolation threshold. The use of a hydrophilic cellulose acetate (CA) filter membrane facilitates spontaneuous and nondestructive detachment of the GS film from the membrane post‐dehydration. The spontaneous separation mechanism is elucidated through time‐dependent contact angle measurements on porous films. The GS film, once separated, can be seamlessly and consistently incorporated into TFS devices as electrodes. This integration allows for multimode sensing capability with simultaneous capacitive strain sensing and ionotropic temperature sensing. The tunable nature of these porous GS films by adjusting the electrode thickness, enables fine‐tuning of the response curves for multimode sensing.
First Principles Investigations of Mild Steel Corrosion Inhibition by Dopamine Derivatives in HCl Solution
Authors: Imjjad Abdallah , Abbiche Khalid , Mellaoui Moulay Driss , Boutiddar Rachid , Oukhrib Rachid , Hachim Mouhi Eddine , Zejli Hanane , Marakchi Khadija , Issami Souad El , Hochlaf Majdi
Published: October 2024

The inhibitory action of three dopamine derivatives on Fe (110) in 1 m HCl aqueous solution is studied by Density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with Monte Carlo molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It is found that the predominant forms of these compounds at acid pH adsorb spontaneously onto the mild steel surface as the charge transfer fraction values are positive, and the aromatic rings of these forms approach the Fe (110) surface in parallel. The computed adsorption energy values exceed several hundred kcal mol−1, thereby establishing the efficacy of the proposed dopamine derivatives as inhibitors for mild steel corrosion. To interpret the data, reduced density gradient (RDG) calculations are conducted to analyze the non‐covalent interactions (NCI) between the Fe surface and adsorbed molecules. The results of these analyses show that all proposed inhibitors interact with the surface via electrostatic and van der Waals forces. Besides, the self‐diffusivity coefficient and radial distribution function (RDF) are estimated using dynamic simulations. These calculations reveal that corrosive species ( show low diffusivity values, and therefore reduced migration in the presence of a DA2 inhibitor film, thus leading to the formation of stable protective layers, followed by DA3, while the two forms of DA1 (neutral and protonated) show the highest diffusion values.
First Principles Study of Electro‐Optical Characteristics of Triazine‐Based Graphyne and Graphdiyne
Authors: Majidi Roya
Published: October 2024

This manuscript explores the electronic and optical characteristics of triazine‐graphdiyne (TA‐GDY) and triazine‐ and 1,4‐diethynylbenzene graphyne (TA‐BGY). The sheets are characterized using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The findings show that both TA‐GDY and TA‐BGY sheets exhibit semiconducting behavior with direct bandgaps, making them potentially valuable for nanoelectronic applications. The optical properties reveal anisotropic behavior under different polarization conditions. The static dielectric constants of TA‐GDY and TA‐BGY are close to that of graphene. The optical conductivity of the sheets is on the order of 105 in the visible and ultraviolet regions. TA‐GDY and TA‐BGY sheets show efficient light transmission and high optical absorption and conductivity across the electromagnetic spectrum. These findings demonstrate the promise of TA‐GDY and TA‐BGY as innovative nitrogen‐carbon materials for inclusion in photovoltaic systems and applications necessitating defense against ultraviolet rays.
Biocatalytic Ether Lipid Synthesis by an Archaeal Glycerolprenylase
Authors: Kaspar Felix , Eilert Lea , Staar Sophie , Oung Sangwar Wadtey , Wolter Mario , Ganskow Charity S. G. , Kemper Sebastian , Klahn Philipp , Jacob Christoph R. , Blankenfeldt Wulf , Schallmey Anett
Published: October 2024

Although ethers are common in secondary natural products, they are an underrepresented functional group in primary metabolism. As such, there are comparably few enzymes capable of constructing ether bonds in a general fashion. However, such enzymes are highly sought after for synthetic applications as they typically operate with higher regioselectivity and under milder conditions than traditional organochemical approaches. To expand the repertoire of well characterized ether synthases, we herein report on a promiscuous archaeal prenyltransferase from the scarcely researched family of geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthases (GGGPSs or G3PSs). We show that the ultrastable Archaeoglobus fulgidus G3PS makes various (E)‐ and (Z)‐configured prenyl glycerol ethers from the corresponding pyrophosphates while exerting perfect control over the configuration at the glycerol unit. Based on experimental and computational data, we propose a mechanism for this enzyme which involves an intermediary prenyl carbocation equivalent. As such, this study provides the fundamental understanding and methods to introduce G3PSs into the biocatalytic alkylation toolbox.
Vertebral morphology and intracolumnar variation of the iconic African viperid snake Atheris (Serpentes, Viperidae)
Authors: Węgrzyn Kacper , Pauwels Olivier S. G. , Brecko Jonathan , Georgalis Georgios L.
Published: October 2024

We here provide a detailed description of the vertebral morphology of the African arboreal viperid snakes of the genus Atheris. Vertebrae of three different species of the genus, i.e., Atheris desaixi, Atheris hispida, and Atheris katangensis, were investigated via the aid of μCT (micro‐computed tomography) scanning. We describe several vertebrae from different regions of the vertebral column for all three species, starting from the atlas‐axis complex to the caudal tip, in order to demonstrate important differences regarding the intracolumnar variation. Comparison of these three species shows an overall similar general morphology of the trunk vertebrae among the Atheris species. We extensively compare Atheris with other known viperids. As the sole arboreal genus of Viperinae the prehensile nature of the tail of Atheris is reflected in its caudal vertebral morphology, which is characterized by a high number of caudal vertebrae but also robust and anteroventrally oriented pleurapophyses as a skeletal adaptation, linked with the myology of the tail, to an arboreal lifestyle. We anticipate that the extensive figuring of these viperid specimens will also aid identifications in paleontology.
Predictors of well‐being among Syrian women in northern and southern Türkiye
Authors: Shaw Stacey A. , Yalim Asli , Dinç Yasemin , Yalniz Aylin , Yang Chongming
Published: October 2024

The growing crisis of forced displacement calls for attention to refugee well‐being globally. This study examined distress among 123 young‐adult Syrian women (ages 18–30 years) residing in five cities across Türkiye (Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, and Gaziantep). Utilizing a social‐ecological framework, the study examines risk and protective factors associated with distress as well as differing risk contexts in northern and southern cities. Emotional distress was experienced by 91% of the sample, with rates significantly higher in southern cities. Mixture modelling results indicated social support was associated with increased well‐being across locations. Discrimination and living difficulties were more common in southern cities and associated with distress only in southern cities. Isolation was associated with increased distress only in northern cities. Attention to regional stressors and resources points to a need for responsive policy solutions and tailored social service programming to support refugee well‐being. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Influence of Molecular Weight and End Groups on Ion Transport in Weakly and Strongly Coordinating Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Andersson Rassmus , Emilsson Samuel , Hernández Guiomar , Johansson Mats , Mindemark Jonas
Published: October 2024

In the development of polymer electrolytes, the understanding of the complex interplay of factors that affect ion transport is of importance. In this study, the strongly coordinating and flexible poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) is compared to the weakly coordinating and stiff poly (trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) as opposing model systems. The effect of molecular weight (Mn) and end group chemistry on the physical properties: glass transition temperature (Tg) and viscosity (η) and ion transport properties: transference number (T+), ion coordination strength and ionic conductivities were investigated. The cation transference number (T+) showed the opposite dependence on Mn for PEO and PTMC, decreasing at low Mn for PTMC and increasing for PEO. This was shown to be highly dependent on the ion coordination strength of the system regardless of whether the end group was OH or if the chains were end‐capped. Although the coordination is mainly of the cations in the systems, the differences in T+ were due to differences in anion rather than cation conductivity, with a similar Li+ conductivity across the polymer series when accounting for the differences in segmental mobility.
Shortcut Method for Solubility Prediction and Preferred Stability of Diastereomeric Cocrystals
Authors: Rapeenun Peerapon , Songsermsawad Sarita , Flood Adrian E.
Published: October 2024

Diastereomeric cocrystals are used in chiral separations. Cocrystal solubility of the diastereomers is necessary for process design. Here, we extend our cocrystal solubility prediction to diastereomeric cocrystals. In this work, cocrystals of malic acid and tartaric acid were studied in four different solvents. Results showed qualitative agreement with experimental data. Hence, the shortcut method can be applied for preliminary estimation of suitable solvents for resolution. The predicted solubility lines can also serve as a tool to identify the stability between diastereomeric cocrystals.
Influence of Starting Composition and Gelation Temperature on the Ratio between Meso‐ and Macropore Volume in Silica Xerogels with Bimodal Pore Structure
Authors: Müller Kai , Andres Christian , Kunwald Simon , Jähnichen Tim , Enke Dirk
Published: October 2024

The impact of gelation temperature and starting composition (solvent, silica, and polymer content) on the pore structure of silica xerogels with bimodal meso‐/macropore structure is explored. Using statistical regression models, precise control over the pore structure is demonstrated, a challenge in previous studies. Higher gelation temperatures and increased polyethylene oxide (PEO) content enhance the mesopore volume, while higher solvent content and reduced polymer content increase the macropore volume. The ratio of mesopore to macropore volume can be effectively adjusted, facilitating the design of xerogels with tailored properties. These findings optimize silica xerogels with bimodal pore structure for applications in catalysis, thermal insulation, and other advanced technologies.
Können Ingwer und Zink das Immunsystem unterstützen?
Authors: Fischer‐Henningsen Doris
Published: October 2024

Im Herbst und Winter steigt die Anzahl der Infektionen und mit ihnen die der guten Tipps, wie man vorbeugen oder zumindest den Verlauf der Infektion lindern kann. So steht Ingwer in dem Ruf, das Immunsystem zu stimulieren, und Zinksupplemente werden zur Vorbeugung und Therapie von Erkältungskrankheiten eingesetzt. Doch gibt es dafür eine wissenschaftliche Evidenz?
Nonvitamin K Anticoagulants: Risk of Bleeding When Interacting With Other Medications: A Cohort Study From Medicare
Authors: Gomez‐Lumbreras Ainhoa , Brendle Madeline , Moorman‐Bishir Krystal , Tan Malinda , Malone Daniel C.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Patients on nonvitamin K antagonist (NVKA) are usually taking other drugs. Potential interaction may increase the gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding risk associated with NVKA.

Methods

Observational cohort study using Medicare data from 2017 to 2020. Participants receiving a NVKA were included. A concomitant overlapping period while on NVKA was assessed for nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), antiplatelets, glucocorticoids, aspirin and proton pump inhibitors (PPI). A logistic regression predicting either any bleeding or GI bleeding was conducted estimating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

A total of 102 531 people on NVKA with mean age 77 years (SD = 9.8) and 55% females (N = 56 671) were included. Previous history of GI bleeding occurred in 2 908 (2.8%) participants, concomitant exposure to PPI occurred in 38 713 (38%), SSRI in 16 487 (16%), clopidogrel in 15 795 (15.4%), NSAIDs in 13 715 (13.4%) and glucocorticoids in 13 715 (13.4%). Risk for any bleeding was shown for clopidogrel (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.44), prasugrel/ticagrelor (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.58), glucocorticoids (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.34), and SSRIs (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.19). GI bleeding risk was shown for clopidogrel (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.55), prasugrel/ticagrelor (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.79), SSRIs (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17) and glucocorticoids (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.44). PPI use was correlated with both NSAID (r = 0.07, p ≤ 0.0001) and SSRI use (r = 0.09, p ≤ 0.0001).

Conclusion

NVKA concomitantly taken with antiplatelets, glucocorticoids, and SSRIs showed an increased risk for any bleeding and GI bleeding.
Do academic executives influence corporate ESG performance? Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Shanping , Liang Xinye , Huang Jiawei , Cao Peng
Published: October 2024

Academic executives exert a unique influence on Chinese corporate governance. By integrating upper echelons and imprinting theories, our study highlights the significant role of academic executives in improving corporate ESG performance, especially those with a background in scientific disciplines and experience in universities and research institutions. Our analysis shows that academic executives improve ESG performance by promoting ESG decision synergy within management teams, mitigating financial constraints, and promoting green innovation. Moreover, our investigation suggests that academic executives' expertise in ESG issues positively moderates their influence on ESG performance, while their levels of power and compensation exhibit an inverted U‐shaped moderating effect. Further tests show that academic executives reduce greenwashing scores and issue more accurate performance predictions after ESG improvements driven by academic executives, debunking the notion that such improvements are merely cosmetic. In light of these findings, we argue for greater involvement of academics in corporate functions and call on them to act as leaders and advocates for sustainability, driving improvements in corporate ESG performance.
Effectiveness of sustainability communication on stakeholder engagement: A multi‐method qualitative assessment of sustainable development
Authors: Agrawal Soni , Ray Arghya , Rana Nripendra P.
Published: October 2024

The present era is witnessing a growing importance of sustainability communication. There is a need to understand stakeholders' perspectives regarding sustainability communication by different corporates. Additionally, it is also important to understand the positive (happiness and surprise) and negative (anger, fear, and sadness) aspects that affect the effectiveness of sustainability communication. The present research used a multi‐method multi‐study qualitative approach. In Study 1, the perspectives of 29 mid‐level managers and 16 top‐level senior managers involved in the sustainability domain in their organizations from India were captured via qualitative semi‐structured interviews. In Study 2, sustainability reports of 50 leading companies involved in sustainability activities were analyzed using textual analysis, emotional analysis, and topic modeling. Results indicate that corporate sustainability communications can have varying impacts on the stakeholders. The results of the qualitative analysis showed positive impact of sustainability communications on employee engagement, employee involvement, transformational and inclusive leadership and training and development opportunities. Positive emotions, like happiness or surprise, indicate positive brand image and engagement related to sustainability activities. Negative emotions like fear, anger, and sadness, show stakeholders' concern regarding the environmental damages. Thus, organizations need to target the positive aspects in their sustainability communication for improved results and must avoid the negative aspects while planning to develop effective sustainability communication. Subsequently, the present study contributes to the existing literature by proposing a conceptual framework based on signaling theory and stakeholder theory. This study fills the gap in terms of examining the stakeholders' and end‐users' perspectives regarding sustainability communication, the major emotional aspects that are revealed from the sustainability reports and an overall view on individual's pro‐environmental behavior.
IL‐15‐induced CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells correlate with liver injury via NKG2D in chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis
Authors: Fan Jing , Xu Min , Liu Ke , Yan Wanping , Wu Huanyu , Dong Hongliang , Yang Yongfeng , Ye Wei
Published: October 2024

Objectives

CD8+ T cells play a critical role in the immune dysfunction associated with liver cirrhosis. CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells, or bystander‐activated CD8+ T cells, are involved in tissue injury but their specific contribution to liver cirrhosis remains unclear. This study sought to identify the mechanism for CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cell‐mediated pathogenesis during liver cirrhosis.

Methods

The immunophenotype, antigen specificity, cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity‐related indicators of CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells were determined using flow cytometry. The functional properties of these cells were assessed using transcriptome analysis. CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T‐cell killing was detected using cytotoxicity and antibody‐blocking assays.

Results

The proportion of CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells was significantly elevated in liver cirrhosis patients and correlated with tissue damage. Transcriptome analysis revealed that these cells had innate‐like functional characteristics. This CD8+ T‐cell population primarily consisted of effector memory T cells and produced a high level of cytotoxicity‐related cytokines, granzyme B and perforin. IL‐15 promoted CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T‐cell activation and proliferation, inducing significant TCR‐independent cytotoxicity mediated through NKG2D.

Conclusions

CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells correlated with cirrhosis‐related liver injury and contributed to liver damage by signalling through NKG2D in a TCR‐independent manner.
Humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated children following SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection
Authors: Toh Zheng Quan , Anderson Jeremy , Mazarakis Nadia , Quah Leanne , Nguyen Jill , Higgins Rachel A , Do Lien Anh Ha , Ng Yan Yung , Jalali Sedi , Neeland Melanie R , McMinn Alissa , Saffery Richard , McNab Sarah , McVernon Jodie , Marcato Adrian , Burgner David P , Curtis Nigel , Steer Andrew C , Mulholland Kim , Pellicci Daniel G , Crawford Nigel W , Tosif Shidan , Licciardi Paul V
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The immune response in children elicited by SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection alone or in combination with COVID‐19 vaccination (hybrid immunity) is poorly understood. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response following SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection in unvaccinated children and children who were previously vaccinated with COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine.

Methods

Participants were recruited as part of a household cohort study conducted during the Omicron predominant wave (Jan to July 2022) in Victoria, Australia. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following COVID‐19 diagnosis. Humoral immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike proteins from Wuhan, Omicron BA.1, BA.4/5 and JN.1, as well as cellular immune responses to Wuhan and BA.1 were assessed.

Results

A total of 43 children and 113 samples were included in the analysis. Following Omicron infection, unvaccinated children generated low antibody responses but elicited Spike‐specific CD4 and CD8 T‐cell responses. In contrast, vaccinated children infected with the Omicron variant mounted robust humoral and cellular immune responses to both ancestral strain and Omicron subvariants. Hybrid immunity persisted for at least 6 months post infection, with cellular immune memory characterised by the generation of Spike‐specific polyfunctional CD8 T‐cell responses.

Conclusion

SARS‐CoV‐2 hybrid immunity in children is characterised by persisting SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and robust CD4 and CD8 T‐cell activation and polyfunctional responses. Our findings contribute to understanding hybrid immunity in children and may have implications regarding COVID‐19 vaccination and SARS‐CoV‐2 re‐infections.
Revascularization and outcomes in ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction after heart failure admission: The RevascHeart study
Authors: Moliner‐Abós Carlos , Calvo‐Barceló Maria , Solé‐Gonzalez Eduard , Borrellas Martín Andrea , Fluvià‐Brugués Paula , Sánchez‐Vega Jesús , Vime‐Jubany Joan , Vallverdú Maria Ferré , Taurón Ferrer Manel , Tobias‐Castillo Pablo E. , de la Fuente Mancera Juan Carlos , Vilardell‐Rigau Pau , Vila‐Olives Rosa , Diez‐López Carles , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Arzamendi Aizpurua Dabit , Ferreira‐Gonzalez Ignacio , Mirabet Pérez Sònia
Published: October 2024

Aims

Despite numerous trials on revascularization in patients with heart failure (HF) and ischaemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, its role remains unsettled. Guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HF has shown benefits on outcomes. This multicentre study aims to compare long‐term mortality between revascularization and GDMT in patients with ischaemic LV dysfunction following admission for HF.

Methods and results

Between 2012 and 2023, 408 patients admitted for HF with a LV ejection fraction (LVEF) of 40% or less and documented coronary artery disease (CAD) were included. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their initial treatment decision: revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] or coronary artery bypass graft [CABG]) or GDMT. The primary outcome was rate of all‐cause or cardiovascular mortality, and secondary outcomes included type of revascularization (PCI vs. CABG) and LV reverse remodelling. After a median 44.6‐month follow‐up, 100 patients (33%) died in the revascularization group, compared to 44 (43%) in the GDMT group. Multivariate analysis showed no significant benefit of revascularization on all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–1.39, p = 0.45) or cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.62–1.52, p = 0.90) compared to GDMT. Neither CABG (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.51–1.08, p = 0.13) nor PCI (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.62–1.55, p = 0.93) demonstrated a mortality reduction compared to GDMT. Both groups experienced significant reductions in LV size and improvements in LVEF, greater in the revascularization group.

Conclusion

Revascularization did not outperform GDMT in ischaemic LV dysfunction following HF admission in this retrospective analysis. Larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the potential role of revascularization in improving outcomes.
Multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, prospective study on the effects of ImmunoAdSorptiOn on cardiac function in patients with Dilated CardioMyopathy (IASO‐DCM): Rationale and design
Authors: Dörr Marcus , Böhm Michael , Erdmann Erland , Groß Stefan , Mahabadi Amir‐Abbas , Nauck Matthias , Nickening Georg , Schultheiss Heinz‐Peter , Staudt Alexander , Werdan Karl , Waagstein Finn , Hjalmarson Åke , Felix Stephan B.
Published: October 2024

Aims

Pilot studies indicate that immunoadsorption with subsequent IgG substitution (IA/IgG) induces beneficial effects in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure. This placebo‐controlled study investigates whether IA/IgG treatment enhances left ventricular (LV) systolic function as compared to a control group receiving pseudo‐treatment.

Methods

This multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group trial aims to include 200 patients with heart failure due to DCM (LV ejection fraction [LVEF] <40%) on optimized guideline‐directed heart failure medication. Participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to IA/IgG using protein‐A columns, or to pseudo‐immunoadsorption followed by an intravenous infusion without IgG. Follow‐up visits take place by telephone after 1 and 3 months and at the study centres after 6, 12 and 24 months. The primary efficacy endpoint is the change in LVEF from baseline to 6 months determined by contrast echocardiography, analysed at a core lab. In addition, LV end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes will be analysed as secondary endpoints over the entire study period to assess whether IA/IgG affects LV remodelling. As main secondary outcome, a composite of all‐cause death, cardiac resuscitation, hospitalization for heart failure, and need for cardiac surgery to improve myocardial pump function will be evaluated after 24 months. In addition, exploratory outcomes as well as safety endpoints related to the treatment will be assessed throughout the whole study period.

Conclusion

IASO‐DCM is a randomized study which will provide comprehensive insights into the effects of immunoadsorption with subsequent IgG substitution in patients with DCM.
I2‐Promoted Povarov Multicomponent Reaction for the Synthesis of 2,2′‐Biquinolines and N‐Heteroaromatic Benzothiazoles
Authors: Zheng Yingying , Li Jie , Wu Xiaotian , Ma Shanshan , Lv Xueyan , Feng Lei , Han Qiang , Ma Chen
Published: October 2024

An efficient I2‐promoted Povarov multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 2,2′‐biquinolines or N‐heteroaromatic benzothiazole using 2‐methylquinoline or 2‐methylbenzo[d]thiazole, arylamines, and α‐ketoesters was developed. The methyl group of methyl aza‐arenes incorporated in the Povarov reaction via an iodination/Kornblum oxidation sequence. This method was achieved through a one‐pot two‐step process without the need for transition metals, demonstrating excellent scalability in synthesis.
Update application of enzyme in food processing, preservation, and detection
Authors: Wang Huan , Sun Zhongke , Qi Yanli , Hu Yuansen , Ni Zifu , Li Chengwei
Published: October 2024

Enzymes play a crucial role in enhancing food processing techniques and improving flavor quality. They are also used for prolonging the storage period and rapid detection of foodborne diseases, essential for ensuring food quality and safety. With the rapid development of the food industry, the application prospects of enzymes have become increasingly prominent. In this review, the applications of enzymes in food processing, preservation, and detection were expounded in detail, and further attention is paid to the processing points and application effects of enzymes in all aspects of food production. The research and application direction of enzymes in the future were also speculated to help interested parties to understand the application advantages and prospects of enzymes.
Resistant starch, chronic kidney disease, and the gut microbiome: A mini‐review
Authors: Guo Jiayue , Szacilo Amy , Kong Lingyan
Published: October 2024

The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining various homeostatic functions, yet the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing globally. The review discusses how resistant starch supplementation in CKD patients can shift the gut microbiota composition, promoting short‐chain fatty acid‐producing bacteria, especially butyrate producers, and reducing mucin‐degrading bacteria. This shift is posited to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby potentially alleviating CKD progression. It also highlights the complexity of establishing clear causal pathways due to the current limitations in testing techniques for gut microbiota, which often lack the resolution needed to establish clear causal mechanisms. Therefore, this review stresses the need for future research to address these gaps, refine testing methods, clarify the health implications of microbiota shifts, and consider individual metabolic differences and variations in gut microbiota.
The network analysis of anxiety, depression and academic burnout symptom relationships throughout early, middle, and late adolescence
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Qu Guoliang , Chen Xuhai , Luo Yangmei
Published: October 2024

Background

Previous research has explored the associations between anxiety, depression, and academic burnout primarily from a variable‐level perspective. However, there is limited understanding of which symptoms might play a significant role in anxiety, depression, and academic burnout among adolescents at different stages.

Methods

This study included 7,286 adolescents aged 10 to 18. Questionnaires assessed participants' anxiety, depression, and academic burnout. Network analysis was conducted on the overall sample and segmented by early, middle, and late adolescence to explore relationships between symptoms and variations in symptom expression across these stages, aiming to propose effective interventions targeting anxiety, depression, and academic burnout symptoms in early, middle, and late adolescence.

Results

The study found that “feeling that studying is meaningless” emerged as a core symptom in the overall sample. Additionally, “acting or speaking slowly” emerged as a core symptom in early adolescence, while “the thought of dying or hurting” and “feeling bad about yourself, letting your family down” were prominent in middle adolescence, and “easily annoyed or irritable” and “feeling tired” may be prioritized in late adolescence. The varying central symptoms across different adolescent stages suggest the need for targeted interventions.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of interventions tailored to specific symptoms to meet the unique needs of adolescents at different developmental stages.
A process for conducting mixed methods data analysis
Authors: Creswell John W. , Inoue Machiko
Published: October 2024

The process of mixed methods data analysis has long been understudied and needs clear guidance for researchers. This review article honors Michael D. Fetters' pioneering work on mixed methods data analysis, building on his concepts of integration, joint displays, and metainferences. This review summarizes existing mixed methods data analysis discussions and proposes advanced steps for the analysis process. Our approach involves identifying a research problem, collecting diverse data, selecting a mixed methods design, integrating the data within the design, using joint displays for analysis, and drawing metainferences. We illustrate our methods with a Japanese empirical research study from family medicine. This article contributes to the field of mixed methods research by detailing a practical process approach to mixed methods analysis combining recent procedures in the field of mixed methods research.
Cronkhite–Canada syndrome tends to be accompanied by colorectal cancer: Report of seven cases
Authors: Shimoyama Masayuki , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Minaga Kosuke , Akamatsu Takuji , Uenoyama Yoshito , Yamashita Yukitaka
Published: October 2024

Cronkhite–Canada syndrome (CCS) can be difficult to diagnose. To diagnose CCS, it is important to perform endoscopic examination for patients with chronic diarrhea, check for the presence or absence of polyposis, and evaluate inflammation in the mucosa between the polyps. This study reported seven cases of CCS. The age of the patients, which included four men and three women, ranged 48–72 years, and all patients were Asian. The most common symptom among these patients was chronic diarrhea. Three of the patients had rectal cancer. In two patients, the lesions were detected at an early stage and resected via endoscopic treatment. CCS is associated with a high risk of malignant gastrointestinal lesions, especially rectal cancers, and periodic surveillance endoscopy and careful observation are required.
Current Advances in Synthesis of Pyrazole Derivatives: An Approach Toward Energetic Materials
Authors: Portilla Jaime
Published: October 2024

Pyrazole derivatives are strategic structural motifs due to their proven utility in preparing chemicals in biological, pharmaceutical, photophysical, technological, and industrial fields; therefore, syntheses of pyrazole‐containing compounds are highly desirable. Some nitrogen‐rich pyrazoles, specifically nitrated derivatives posing high density and moderate thermal stability, have been used as energetic compounds since a high amount of energy is stored in their structures that can be released quickly with high detonation power under external stimuli (i.e., thermal, impact, and friction). These compounds have good capacity and sensitivity in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics applications in eco‐friendly ways. Therefore, this contribution focuses on recent and illustrative examples regarding the (i) synthesis and reactivity of pyrazoles, especially works of the last decade, highlighting works on (ii) applications in energetic compounds to analyze their scope.