bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Comprehensive Clinical Stratification Model to Refine Prognosis of Glioblastoma Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection
Authors: Ius Tamara , Pignotti Fabrizio , Della Pepa Giuseppe Maria , La Rocca Giuseppe , Somma Teresa , Isola Miriam , Battistella Claudio , Gaudino Simona , Polano Maurizio , Dal Bo Michele , Bagatto Daniele , Pegolo Enrico , Chiesa Silvia , Arcicasa Mauro , Olivi Alessandro , Skrap Miran , Sabatino Giovanni
Published: February 2020

Despite recent discoveries in genetics and molecular fields, glioblastoma (GBM) prognosis still remains unfavorable with less than 10% of patients alive 5 years after diagnosis. Numerous studies have focused on the research of biological biomarkers to stratify GBM patients. We addressed this issue in our study by using clinical/molecular and image data, which is generally available to Neurosurgical Departments in order to create a prognostic score that can be useful to stratify GBM patients undergoing surgical resection. By using the random forest approach [CART analysis (classification and regression tree)] on Survival time data of 465 cases, we developed a new prediction score resulting in 10 groups based on extent of resection (EOR), age, tumor volumetric features, intraoperative protocols and tumor molecular classes. The resulting tree was trimmed according to similarities in the relative hazard ratios amongst groups, giving rise to a 5-group classification tree. These 5 groups were different in terms of overall survival (OS) (p < 0.000). The score performance in predicting death was defined by a Harrell’s c-index of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [0.76–0.81]). The proposed score could be useful in a clinical setting to refine the prognosis of GBM patients after surgery and prior to postoperative treatment.
Promoting Light Hydrocarbons Yield by Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Residual Chloromethanes Using Palladium Supported on Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Fernandez-Ruiz Carlos , Bedia Jorge , Grau Javier Mario , Romero Ana Clara , Rodríguez Daniel , Rodríguez Juan José , Gómez-Sainero Luisa María
Published: February 2020

Gas catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) of trichloromethane (TCM) and dichloromethane (DCM) was analyzed using Pd (1 wt.%) on different zeolites as catalysts. The aim of this study was to know the surface properties of the catalysts and reaction conditions that promote the yield to light hydrocarbons in this reaction. Five different zeolite supports were used from three commercial zeolites (KL, L-type; NaY, Faujasite; H-MOR, Mordenite). KL and NaY were submitted to ionic exchange treatments in order to increase their acidity and analyze the effect of the acidity in the activity and selectivity of the HDC reaction. Exchanged zeolites (HL and HY) showed the highest Pd dispersion due to their higher surface acidity. The best TCM/DCM conversion and selectivity to light hydrocarbons was obtained using the two non-exchanged zeolite-catalysts, KL and NaY. Low surface acidity seems to be the key aspect to promote the formation of light hydrocarbons. The formation of these products is favored at high reaction temperatures and low H2: chloromethane ratios. KL showed the highest selectivity to olefins (60%), although with a lower dechlorination degree. Non-exchanged NaY catalyst showed high selectivity to paraffins (70% and 95% for the HDC of DCM and TCM, respectively).
Uncoupling of the Astrocyte Syncytium Differentially Affects AQP4 Isoforms
Authors: Katoozi Shirin , Skauli Nadia , Zahl Soulmaz , Deshpande Tushar , Ezan Pascal , Palazzo Claudia , Steinhäuser Christian , Frigeri Antonio , Cohen-Salmon Martine , Ottersen Ole Petter , Amiry-Moghaddam Mahmood
Published: February 2020

The water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and the gap junction forming proteins connexin-43 (Cx43) and connexin-30 (Cx30) are astrocytic proteins critically involved in brain water and ion homeostasis. While AQP4 is mainly involved in water flux across the astrocytic endfeet membranes, astrocytic gap junctions provide syncytial coupling allowing intercellular exchange of water, ions, and other molecules. We have previously shown that mice with targeted deletion of Aqp4 display enhanced gap junctional coupling between astrocytes. Here, we investigate whether uncoupling of the astrocytic syncytium by deletion of the astrocytic connexins Cx43 and Cx30 affects AQP4 membrane localization and expression. By using quantitative immunogold cytochemistry, we show that deletion of astrocytic connexins leads to a substantial reduction of perivascular AQP4, concomitant with a down-regulation of total AQP4 protein and mRNA. Isoform expression analysis shows that while the level of the predominant AQP4 M23 isoform is reduced in Cx43/Cx30 double deficient hippocampal astrocytes, the levels of M1, and the alternative translation AQP4ex isoform protein levels are increased. These findings reveal a complex interdependence between AQP4 and connexins, which are both significantly involved in homeostatic functions and astrogliopathologies.
WNT5a-ROR Signaling Is Essential for Alveologenesis
Authors: Li Changgong , Smith Susan M , Peinado Neil , Gao Feng , Li Wei , Lee Matt K , Zhou Beiyun , Bellusci Saverio , Pryhuber Gloria S , Ho Hsin-Yi Henry , Borok Zea , Minoo Parviz
Published: February 2020

WNT5a is a mainly “non-canonical” WNT ligand whose dysregulation is observed in lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Germline deletion of Wnt5a disrupts embryonic lung development. However, the temporal-specific function of WNT5a remains unknown. In this study, we generated a conditional loss-of-function mouse model (Wnt5aCAG) and examined the specific role of Wnt5a during the saccular and alveolar phases of lung development. The lack of Wnt5a in the saccular phase blocked distal airway expansion and attenuated differentiation of endothelial and alveolar epithelial type I (AT1) cells and myofibroblasts. Postnatal Wnt5a inactivation disrupted alveologenesis, producing a phenotype resembling human bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Mutant lungs showed hypoalveolization, but endothelial and epithelial differentiation was unaffected. The major impact of Wnt5a inactivation on alveologenesis was on myofibroblast differentiation and migration, with reduced expression of key regulatory genes. These findings were validated in vitro using isolated lung fibroblasts. Conditional inactivation of the WNT5a receptors Ror1 and Ror2 in alveolar myofibroblasts recapitulated the Wnt5aCAG phenotype, demonstrating that myofibroblast defects are the major cause of arrested alveologenesis in Wnt5aCAG lungs. Finally, we show that WNT5a is reduced in human BPD lung samples, indicating the clinical relevance and potential role for WNT5a in pathogenesis of BPD.
A PP2A-B56—Centered View on Metaphase-to-Anaphase Transition in Mouse Oocyte Meiosis I
Authors: Keating Leonor , Touati Sandra A. , Wassmann Katja
Published: February 2020

Meiosis is required to reduce to haploid the diploid genome content of a cell, generating gametes—oocytes and sperm—with the correct number of chromosomes. To achieve this goal, two specialized cell divisions without intermediate S-phase are executed in a time-controlled manner. In mammalian female meiosis, these divisions are error-prone. Human oocytes have an exceptionally high error rate that further increases with age, with significant consequences for human fertility. To understand why errors in chromosome segregation occur at such high rates in oocytes, it is essential to understand the molecular players at work controlling these divisions. In this review, we look at the interplay of kinase and phosphatase activities at the transition from metaphase-to-anaphase for correct segregation of chromosomes. We focus on the activity of PP2A-B56, a key phosphatase for anaphase onset in both mitosis and meiosis. We start by introducing multiple roles PP2A-B56 occupies for progression through mitosis, before laying out whether or not the same principles may apply to the first meiotic division in oocytes, and describing the known meiosis-specific roles of PP2A-B56 and discrepancies with mitotic cell cycle regulation.
A Novel Acoustic Sandwich Panel Based on Sheep Wool
Authors: Tămaş-Gavrea Daniela-Roxana , Dénes Tünde-Orsolya , Iştoan Raluca , Tiuc Ancuţa Elena , Manea Daniela Lucia , Vasile Ovidiu
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to propose a novel sandwich panel, which would be suitable for sound absorption and airborne sound insulation, used as applied cladding or independent lightweight partition wall. As far as the authors are concerned, this is the first sheep wool-based sandwich panel using only natural materials. The structure was prepared using hydrated lime-based composite face sheets and a sheep wool-based core. Several parameters of the sandwich panel were determined, including sound absorption coefficient, airborne sound insulation, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, compressive strength, and bending strength, respectively. The results indicate that the maximum sound absorption value of 0.903 was obtained at the frequency of 524 Hz in the case of the unperforated sample, 0.822 at 536 Hz in the case of the sample with 10% perforations, 0.780 at 3036 Hz in the case of the sample with 20% perforations, and 0.853 at 3200 Hz in the case of the sample with 30% perforations. The registered airborne sound insulation index of the panel was 38 dB. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that the studied panel recorded comparable values with other synthetic noise control solutions, which are suitable as applied cladding or an independent lightweight partition wall, with good acoustic properties.
Recent Advances in Novel Topological Materials
Authors: Bian Guang , Chang Tay-Rong
Published: February 2020

Ever since the experimental discovery of the first 2D and 3D topological insulators, there have been intense emerging worldwide research activities in searching for and identifying new topological phases of condensed matter [...]
Incorporating Cellular Stochasticity in Solid–Fluid Mixture Biofilm Models
Authors: Carpio Ana , Cebrián Elena
Published: February 2020

The dynamics of cellular aggregates is driven by the interplay of mechanochemical processes and cellular activity. Although deterministic models may capture mechanical features, local chemical fluctuations trigger random cell responses, which determine the overall evolution. Incorporating stochastic cellular behavior in macroscopic models of biological media is a challenging task. Herein, we propose hybrid models for bacterial biofilm growth, which couple a two phase solid/fluid mixture description of mechanical and chemical fields with a dynamic energy budget-based cellular automata treatment of bacterial activity. Thin film and plate approximations for the relevant interfaces allow us to obtain numerical solutions exhibiting behaviors observed in experiments, such as accelerated spread due to water intake from the environment, wrinkle formation, undulated contour development, and the appearance of inhomogeneous distributions of differentiated bacteria performing varied tasks.
Parallel Loop Control for Torque and Angular Velocity of BLDC Motors with DTC Commutation
Authors: Coballes-Pantoja J. , Gómez-Fuentes R. , Noriega J. R. , García-Delgado L. A.
Published: February 2020

This paper is focused in the development of a parallel control loop of the angular velocity and torque for Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors. This parallel loop is proposed as an improvement for the performance of those cascaded solutions commonly reported in the body of literature of the field. Performance is improved by reducing the steady state error of the speed considerably when compared with the typical cascaded loop solution under a commanded change of torque. In addition, the steady state response of the parallel loop is reached in a shorter time. Simulations were designed to carry out a comparison between both methodologies. The results of these simulations consider only changes in the set point for speed or torque and are reported here. The control signal was applied to a simulated driver using a switching method known as Direct Torque Control of 2 and 3 phases (DTC-2+3P). These preliminary results show that the parallel control loop outperforms the cascaded control of BLDC motors.
The Influence of Anode Trench Geometries on Electrical Properties of AlGaN/GaN Schottky Barrier Diodes
Authors: Yang Xiuxia , Cheng Zhe , Yu Zhiguo , Jia Lifang , Zhang Lian , Zhang Yun
Published: February 2020

AlGaN/GaN lateral Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with three different anode geometries (stripe, circular, and the conventional plane one) and different rows of anode trenches are fabricated and electrically characterized to study the influence of anode trench geometries. The SBDs with anode trenches exhibit the lower on-state resistance (RON) than that with the conventional plane one. It can be explained that the anode trenches made the Schottky metal directly contact to the 2DEG at the sidewall of the AlGaN/GaN interface, removing the AlGaN barrier layer in the conventional plane anode. In addition, the RON of the SBDs with circular trenches is smaller than that of the SBDs with stripe ones. Furthermore, the RON decreases with the increasing rows of anode trenches, which can be attributed to the increased contact area between the Schottky metal and the 2DEG. For the reverse characteristics, the anode trenches do not lead to performance degradation. The fabricated devices exhibit the low reverse current (IR, IR < 1 μA/mm), and the breakdown voltage (VBK) remains unchanged with different anode geometries.
Study on the Low Velocity Stability of a Prostate Seed Implantation Robot’s Rotatory Joint
Authors: Li Bing , Zhang Yongde , Yuan Lipeng , Xi Xiaolin
Published: February 2020

Prostate cancer has one of the highest incidences of male malignant tumors worldwide. Its treatment involves the robotic implantation of radioactive seeds in the perineum, a safe and effective procedure for early, low-risk prostate cancer. In order to ensure precise positioning, the seed implantation needle is set at low terminal velocity. In this paper, the motion output position instability caused by the friction torque of the robot’s motor and rotating joint during low velocity motion was analyzed and studied. This paper also presents a compensation control method based on the LuGre friction model, which offers piecewise parameter identification with GA-PSO. First, based on an analysis of its structure and working principle, the friction torque model of the robotic system and the torque model of the driving motor are established, and the influence of friction torque on motion stability analyzed. Then, based on experimental data of the relationship between velocity and friction torque for no-friction compensation, the velocity point of the minimum torque of the rotating joint and the critical Stribeck velocity point were used for segmental parameter identification; cubic spline interpolation was used for segmental fitting. Furthermore, on the basis of the LuGre model identification method, parameter identification of the genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization, and compensation control of the LuGre friction model, a control method is analysed and set forth. Malab2017a/Simulink simulation software was used to simulate and analyze the control method, and verify its feasibility. Finally, the cantilever prostate seed implantation robot system was tested to verify the effectiveness of the segmented identification method and the compensation control strategy. The results reveal that motion output position stability at low velocity meets the requirements of the cantilever prostate seed implantation robot, thus providing a vital reference for further research.
Memristive and Memory Impedance Behavior in a Photo-Annealed ZnO–rGO Thin-Film Device
Authors: Cardarilli Gian Carlo , Khanal Gaurav Mani , Di Nunzio Luca , Re Marco , Fazzolari Rocco , Kumar Raj
Published: February 2020

An oxygen-rich ZnO-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin film was synthesized using a photo-annealing technique from zinc precursor (ZnO)–graphene oxide (GO) sol–gel solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show a clear characteristic peak corresponding to rGO. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the prepared thin film shows an evenly distributed wrinkled surface structure. Transition Metal Oxide (TMO)-based memristive devices are nominees for beyond CMOS Non-Volatile Memory (NVRAM) devices. The two-terminal Metal–TMO (Insulator)–Metal (MIM) memristive device is fabricated using a synthesized ZnO–rGO as an active layer on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrate. Aluminum (Al) is deposited as a top metal contact on the ZnO–rGO active layer to complete the device. Photo annealing was used to reduce the GO to rGO to make the proposed method suitable for fabricating ZnO–rGO thin-film devices on flexible substrates. The electrical characterization of the Al–ZnO–rGO–FTO device confirms the coexistence of memristive and memimpedance characteristics. The coexistence of memory resistance and memory impedance in the same device could be valuable for developing novel programmable analog filters and self-resonating circuits and systems.
Intra-Annual Variation in Soil C, N and Nutrients Pools after Prescribed Fire in a Mississippi Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) Plantation
Authors: Butnor John R. , Johnsen Kurt H. , Maier Christopher A. , Nelson C. Dana
Published: February 2020

Prescribed fire is an essential tool that is widely used for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stand management; periodic burning serves to reduce competition from woody shrubs and fire-intolerant trees and enhance herbaceous diversity. Low-intensity, prescribed burning is thought to have minimal long-term impact on soil chemistry in southern pine forests, although few studies report the intra-annual variation in soil chemistry after burning. We monitored changes in C, N, oxidation resistant C (CR), pH and elemental nutrients in the forest floor and soil (0–5, 5–10 cm depths) before and after burning (1, 3, 6, 12 months) in a mature longleaf pine plantation at the Harrison Experimental Forest, near Saucier, Mississippi. Prescribed fire consumed much of the forest floor (11.3 Mg ha−1; −69%), increased soil pH and caused a pulse of C, N and elemental nutrients to flow to the near surface soils. In the initial one to three months post-burn coinciding with the start of the growing season, retention of nutrients by soil peaked. Most of the N (93%), Ca (88%), K (96%) and Mg (101%), roughly half of the P (48%) and Mn (52%) and 25% of the C lost from the forest floor were detected in the soil and apparently not lost to volatilization. By month 12, soil C and N pools were not different at depths of 0–5 cm but declined significantly below pre-burn levels at depths of 5–10 cm, C −36% (p < 0.0001), N −26% (p = 0.003), contrary to other examples in southern pine ecosystems. In the upper 5 cm of soil, only Cu (−49%) remained significantly lower than pre-burn contents by month 12, at depths of 5–10 cm, Cu (−76%), Fe (−22%), K (−51%), Mg (−57%), Mn (−82%) and P (−52%) remain lower at month 12 than pre-burn contents. Burning did not increase soil CR content, conversely significant declines in CR occurred. It appears that recovery of soil C and N pools post-burn will require more time on this site than other southern pine forests.
Resprouting Responses Dynamics of Schima superba Following a Severe Ice Storm in Early 2008 in Southern China: A Six-Year Study
Authors: Cao Yonghui , Zhou Benzhi , Wang Xiaoming , Gu Lianhong
Published: February 2020

In 2008, an unexpected and severe ice storm affected the forest of southern China. This storm caused damage in regeneration of an important dominant tree, Schima superba (Gugertree). To study this damage, we set up permanent monitoring plots in an ice-storm-damaged subtropical evergreen broad-leaved secondary forest dominated by S.superba in Jianglang Mountains, China. We surveyed the damage to all trees with a minimum basal diameter of 4 cm and monitored their growth for 6 consecutive years. We analyzed the degrees and types of damage for S.superba and their relationships with resprouting characteristics. The results revealed that the main damage types of S.superba were decapitation (45.45%) and uprooting (28.41%). The distribution percentage for both decapitated and uprooted trees were commonly highest in the range of 10–16 cm basal diameter (BD) size class. A great number of individuals sprouted vigorously after the storm. The mean total sprout number and sprout biomass per tree for S.superba varied by tree BD size class. During the first three years after the ice storm, decapitated trees of larger BD classes produced more sprouts per tree than trees of smaller BD classes. However, the opposite trend was seen in uprooted and leaning trees. There was a trade-off between the total number and length of the sprouts. The difference of mean sprouts number and biomass per tree with size class was mainly related to the damage types. As the recovery progressed since the ice storm, the number of sprouts and sprout biomass in uprooted trees was found mainly on the middle trunk sections of uprooted trees, but in the upper sections of decapitated trees. After six years, the mean number of sprouts per tree, on different parts of the tree and for the three types of damaged trees all declined; however, sprout biomass per tree all increased. The mean number of sprout and sprout biomass per tree on different sections for decapitated trees was always highest over time since the storm. Our study will help to provide data on resprouting ability to develop a predictive model for resprouting.
Changes of Tree Species Composition and Distribution Patterns in Mts. Jiri and Baegun, Republic of Korea over 15 Years
Authors: Lee Boknam , Park Juhan , Lee Hoontaek , Kim Tae Kyung , Cho Sunhee , Yoon Jongguk , Kim Hyun Seok
Published: February 2020

Long-term changes in the abundance and distribution of tree species in the temperate forests of South Korea remain poorly understood. We investigated the changes in tree species composition in temperate mountainous forests using survey data from 130 permanent plots (0.1 ha) from the past 15 years (1998–2012) distributed across Mts. Jiri and Baegun, South Korea. The tree communities showed positive net changes in terms of stand density, richness, diversity, and evenness. At the species level, the change in relative species composition has been mainly driven by species such as Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, Styrax japonicus, Lindera erythrocarpa, and Pinus densiflora. These changes were categorized into five groups representing gradual increase or decrease, establishment, extinction, or fluctuation in species populations. At the community level, the changes in species composition showed consistent and directional increases in the annual rate of change for the mean species traits, including stand prevalence, pole growth rate, adult growth rate, and adult stature. Based on additive models, topographic variables (elevation, latitude, longitude, slope, topographic wetness index, and curvature) were more strongly associated with the distribution of species diversity than climate variables (annual mean minimum and maximum temperatures, temperature seasonality, annual rainfall, rainfall seasonality). Elevation was the most significant driver, followed by latitude and longitude. This study reveals the dynamics of change in tree species composition and distribution along topographical and climate gradients in South Korea and contributes to a broader understanding of temperate forest ecosystems for the purpose of better forest management.
β-Glucan Degradation During Malting of Different Purpose Barley Varieties
Authors: Habschied Kristina , Lalić Alojzije , Horvat Daniela , Mastanjević Krešimir , Lukinac Jasmina , Jukić Marko , Krstanović Vinko
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of predicting the concentration of β-glucan from starting barley and malt, as well as malt and wort for different types and purpose of barley groups. The strength of the correlation between types and purpose of barley groups was determined between the values of β-glucans and other indicators of cytolytic degradation. Statistically significant correlations were obtained for β-glucans in barley-malt (r = 0.9717) and barley-wort (r = 0.9998) for brewing (B w-tr) and brewing/feed winter two-row (B/Fe w-tr) varieties, and for brewing/brewing feed/feed spring varieties (B/B-Fe/Fe w-tr) between barley and Δm (Δm = β-glucan difference between barley and malt) (r = 0.8779). For the dual-purpose varieties (B/Fe w-tr), a strong correlation for β-glucans was found between malt and wort (r = 0.8188), malt and Δm* (Δm* = % of degraded β-glucan in malt in regard to the starting β-glucan in barley) (r = −0.9099), as well as Δm and Δm* (r = 0.9951). The results indicate that the starting concentration of β-glucan in barley and malt can be used as predictors of their concentration in wort only in brewing and dual-purpose (brewing-feed) varieties.
A Novel Low-Complexity Fault Diagnosis Algorithm for Energy Internet in Smart Cities
Authors: Wang Jiong , Zhang Hua , Lin Dongliang , Feng Huibin , Wang Tao , Zhang Hongyan , Wang Xiaoding
Published: February 2020

The smart energy system, viewed as an “Energy Internet”, consists of the intelligent integration of decentralized sustainable energy sources, efficient distribution, and optimized power consumption. That implies the fault diagnosis for a smart energy system should be of low complexity. In this paper, we propose a Strong Tracking Unscented Kalman Filter ( S T U K F ) and modified Bayes’ classification-based Modified Three Sigma test ( M T S ), abbreviated as S F B T , for smart energy networks. The theoretical analysis and simulations indicate that S F B T detects faults with a high accuracy and a low complexity of O ( n ) .
Does Informational Equivalence Preserve Strategic Behavior? Experimental Results on Trockel’s Model of Selten’s Chain Store Story
Authors: Duman Papatya
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to experimentally test Trockel’s game, which is a modelling of the classical Chain Store Game (CSG), and determine whether one of the two theories of Equality and Deterrence may better account for the observed behavior. The CSG is an example of a simple game in extensive form where the actual behavior of well-informed players cannot be expected to agree with the clear results of game theoretical reasoning. To explain the disagreement between the theory and the expected behavior, Trockel’s game is proposed as an alternative modelling of the scenario. The existence of more than one equilibrium in Trockel’s game opens a door for reputation building. This study is the first attempt to experimentally test this alternative game with the same purpose. According to my data, there is some evidence in favor of both Equality and Deterrence Hypotheses. However, since the strategies compatible with the Equality Hypothesis are played more frequently, I observe some patterns which share the same intuition with the Deterrence Hypothesis.
Comprehensive Genomic Analysis and Expression Profiling of the C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein Family under Abiotic Stresses in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Chen Yue , Wang Gang , Pan Jian , Wen Haifan , Du Hui , Sun Jingxian , Zhang Keyan , Lv Duo , He Huanle , Cai Run , Pan Junsong
Published: February 2020

Cucumber is one of the most important vegetables in the world. The C2H2 zinc finger protein (C2H2-ZFP) family plays an important role in the growth development and abiotic stress responses of plants. However, there have been no systematic studies on cucumber. In this study, we performed a genome-wide study of C2H2-ZFP genes and analyzed their chromosomal location, gene structure, conservation motif, and transcriptional expression. In total, 101 putative cucumber C2H2-ZFP genes were identified and divided into six groups (I–VI). RNA-seq transcriptome data on different organs revealed temporal and spatial expression specificity of the C2H2-ZFP genes. Expression analysis of sixteen selected C2H2-ZFP genes in response to cold, drought, salt, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that C2H2-ZFP genes may be involved in different signaling pathways. These results provide valuable information for studying the function of cucumber C2H2-ZFP genes in the future.
The WUSCHELa (PtoWUSa) is Involved in Developmental Plasticity of Adventitious Root in Poplar
Authors: Li Jianbo , Jia Huixia , Sun Pei , Zhang Jin , Xia Yongxiu , Hu Jianjun , Wang Lijuan , Lu Mengzhu
Published: February 2020

WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factors play critical roles in cell fate determination during plant development. As the founding member of the WOX family, WUSCHEL (WUS) is characterized for its role in maintaining stem cell in meristem. In this study, we investigated the function of Populus tomentosa WUSCHELa (PtoWUSa) in adventitious roots (ARs) in poplar. Expression profile analysis showed that PtoWUSa was not only expressed in shoot apical meristem and stem, but also expressed in ARs. Ectopic expression of PtoWUSa in Arabidopsis resulted in shortened primary root, as well as agravitropism and multiple branches. Overexpression of PtoWUSa in poplar increased the number of ARs but decreased their length. Moreover, the AR tip and lateral root tip became larger and swollen. In addition, the expression of auxin transporter genes PIN-FORMED were downregulated in ARs of transgenic plant. Taken together, these results suggest that PtoWUSa could be involved in AR development in poplar through regulating the polar auxin transport in ARs.
Therapist Driven Rehabilitation Protocol for Patients with Chronic Heart and Lung Diseases: A Real-Life Study
Authors: Simonelli Carla , Vitacca Michele , Ambrosino Nicolino , Scalvini Simonetta , Rivadossi Francesca , Saleri Manuela , Fokom Aubin G , Speltoni Ilaria , Ghirardi Riccardo , Paneroni Mara
Published: February 2020

Therapist driven protocols may help to tailor rehabilitation programs to individual patients. We aimed to test the feasibility, safety, and clinical usefulness of a therapist driven protocol for rehabilitation including exercise training of patients with heart or lung diseases. An internal audit elaborated the Cardio-Respiratory Exercise Maugeri Algorithm (CREMA) based on: (a) standardized baseline assessments, (b) decision-making pathways, and (c) frequency/intensity/time/type (FITT) of prescription for each exercise. Outpatients (n = 620) with chronic heart disease (CHD), recent myocardial revascularization (REVASC), chronic airway (Obstructive), and restrictive lung (Restrictive) diseases underwent exercise training according to CREMA during 4 years. Peripheral muscle strengthening was the most prescribed exercise (83.6%), while arm endurance training was the least frequently (0.75%). Exercise prescription varied widely among the disease groups (interval training 19–47%, balance 35–49%, lower limb muscle training 6–15%). After training, REVASC patients were the best improvers in the 6 min walking distance (+48.7 (56.1) m), maximal inspiratory pressure (+9.6 (15.4) cmH2O), and daily steps (+1087.2 (3297.1) n/day). Quadriceps and biceps strength, maximal expiratory pressure, and balance improved in all groups, without significant differences. Minor side effects were observed in 11.2% of the patients. The CREMA therapist driven protocol was feasible, safe, and useful for prescribing tailored training programs. Exercise prescriptions and training response differed among diseases.
The Epidemiology of Skin Cancer and Public Health Strategies for Its Prevention in Southern Africa
Authors: Wright Caradee Y. , du Preez D. Jean , Millar Danielle A. , Norval Mary
Published: February 2020

Skin cancer is a non-communicable disease that has been underexplored in Africa, including Southern Africa. Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important, potentially modifiable risk factor for skin cancer. The countries which comprise Southern Africa are Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Swaziland. They differ in population size and composition and experience different levels of solar UVR. Here, the epidemiology and prevalence of skin cancer in Southern African countries are outlined. Information is provided on skin cancer prevention campaigns in these countries, and evidence sought to support recommendations for skin cancer prevention, especially for people with fair skin, or oculocutaneous albinism or HIV-AIDS who are at the greatest risk. Consideration is given to the possible impacts of climate change on skin cancer in Southern Africa and the need for adaptation and human behavioural change is emphasized.
Sexting, Online Sexual Victimization, and Psychopathology Correlates by Sex: Depression, Anxiety, and Global Psychopathology
Authors: Gassó Aina M. , Mueller-Johnson Katrin , Montiel Irene
Published: February 2020

Recent research on sexting highlighted a relationship between this new technology-mediated behavior and psychopathology correlates, although up to date results are mixed, and so far, studies have often used simple and not clinically validated measures of mental health. This study aimed to investigate sexting behaviors, online sexual victimization, and related mental health correlates using clinically validated measures for global psychopathology, anxiety, and depression; and doing so separately for men and women. The sample consisted of 1370 Spanish college students (73.6% female; 21.4 mean age; SD = 4.85) who took part in an online survey about their engagement in sexting behaviors, online sexual victimization behaviors, and psychopathological symptomatology, measured by a sexting scale and the Listado de Síntomas Breve (brief symptom checklist) (LSB-50), respectively. Out of our total sample, 37.1% of participants had created and sent their own sexual content (active sexting), 60.3% had received sexual content (passive sexting), and 35.5% had both sent and received sexual content, with significant differences between male and female engagement in passive sexting. No differences were found between men and women in the prevalence of their victimization by nonconsensual dissemination of sexual content; however, women were more pressured and threatened into sexting than men. Sex differences in psychopathology were found only for depression prevalence rates but not for global psychopathology or anxiety. Furthermore, for male participants, our results showed a significant association only between online sexual victimization and psychopathology but not for consensual active and passive sexting. However, for the female participants, active sexting, passive sexting, and online sexual victimization were all associated with poorer mental health. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
Estimation of Occupational Exposure to Asbestos in Italy by the Linkage of Mesothelioma Registry (ReNaM) and National Insurance Archives. Methodology and Results
Authors: Airoldi Chiara , Ferrante Daniela , Miligi Lucia , Piro Sara , Stoppa Giorgia , Migliore Enrica , Chellini Elisabetta , Romanelli Antonio , Sciacchitano Carlo , Mensi Carolina , Cavone Domenica , Romeo Elisa , Massari Stefania , Marinaccio Alessandro , Magnani Corrado
Published: February 2020

The identification and monitoring of occupational cancer is an important aspect of occupational health protection. The Italian law on the protection of workers (D. Leg. 81/2008) includes different cancer monitoring systems for high and low etiologic fraction tumors. Record linkage between cancer registries and administrative data is a convenient procedure for occupational cancer monitoring. We aim to: (i) Create a list of industries with asbestos exposure and (ii) identify cancer cases who worked in these industries. The Italian National Mesothelioma Registry (ReNaM) includes information on occupational asbestos exposure of malignant mesothelioma (MM) cases. We developed using data from seven Italian regions a methodology for listing the industries with potential exposure to asbestos linking ReNaM to Italian National Social Security Institute (INPS) data. The methodology is iterative and adjusts for imprecision and inaccuracy in reporting firm names at interview. The list of asbestos exposing firms was applied to the list of cancer cases (all types associated or possibly associated with asbestos according to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) monograph 100C) in two Italian regions for the indication of possible asbestos exposure. Eighteen percent of the cancer cases showed at least one work period in firms potentially exposing to asbestos, 48% of which in regions different from where the cases lived at diagnosis. The methodology offers support for the preliminary screening of asbestos exposing firms in the occupational history of cancer cases.
Comparison of Acute Responses to Two Different Cycling Sprint Interval Exercise Protocols with Different Recovery Durations
Authors: Danek Natalia , Smolarek Marcin , Michalik Kamil , Zatoń Marek
Published: February 2020

Background: Knowledge of acute responses to different sprint interval exercise (SIE) helps to implement new training programs. The aim of this study was to compare the acute physiological, metabolic and perceptual responses to two different SIE cycling protocols with different recovery durations. Methods: Twelve healthy, active male participants took part in this study and completed four testing sessions in the laboratory separated by a minimum of 72h. Two SIE protocols were applied in randomized order: SIE6×10”/4’—six “all-out” repeated 10-s bouts, interspersed with 4-min recovery; and SIESERIES—two series of three “all-out” repeated 10-s bouts, separated by 30-s recovery and 18-min recovery between series. Protocols were matched for the total work time (1 min) and recovery (20 min). Results: In SIESERIES, peak oxygen uptake and peak heart rate were significantly higher (p < 0.05), without differences in peak blood lactate concentration and mean rating of perceived exertion compared to SIE6×10”/4’. There were no differences in peak power output, peak oxygen uptake and peak heart rate between both series in SIESERIES. Conclusions: Two series composed of three 10-s “all-out” bouts in SIESERIES protocol evoked higher cardiorespiratory responses, which can provide higher stimulus to improve aerobic fitness in regular training.
Occurrence and Characteristics of Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Containing Isolates from the Environment: A Review
Authors: Anyanwu Madubuike Umunna , Jaja Ishmael Festus , Nwobi Obichukwu Chisom
Published: February 2020

The emergence and spread of mobile colistin (COL) resistance (mcr) genes jeopardize the efficacy of COL, a last resort antibiotic for treating deadly infections. COL has been used in livestock for decades globally. Bacteria have mobilized mcr genes (mcr-1 to mcr-9). Mcr-gene-containing bacteria (MGCB) have disseminated by horizontal/lateral transfer into diverse ecosystems, including aquatic, soil, botanical, wildlife, animal environment, and public places. The mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-5, mcr-7, and mcr-8 have been detected in isolates from and/or directly in environmental samples. These genes are harboured by Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Kluyvera, Aeromonas, Providencia, and Raulotella isolates. Different conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids form the backbones for mcr in these isolates, but mcr have also been integrated into the chromosome of some strains. Insertion sequences (IS) (especially ISApl1) located upstream or downstream of mcr, class 1–3 integrons, and transposons are other drivers of mcr in the environment. Genes encoding multi-/extensive-drug resistance and virulence are often co-located with mcr on plasmids in environmental isolates. Transmission of mcr to/among environmental strains is clonally unrestricted. Contact with the mcr-containing reservoirs, consumption of contaminated animal-/plant-based foods or water, international animal-/plant-based food trades and travel, are routes for transmission of MGCB.
Chemical Impurities: An Epistemological Riddle with Serious Side Effects
Authors: Abdin Ahmad Yaman , Yeboah Prince , Jacob Claus
Published: February 2020

Chemical synthesis is a science and an art. Rooted in laboratory or large-scale manufacture, it results in certain side products, eventually compromising the integrity of the final products. Such “impurities” occur in small amounts and, within chemistry itself, are of little concern. In pharmacy, in contrast, impurities increase the potential for toxicity, side effects, and serious implications for human health and the environment. The pharmaceutical regulatory agencies have therefore developed regulatory and strategic systems to minimize the chemical presence or biological impact of such substances. Here, pharmaceuticals are turned from impure into more defined materials as part of a complex socio-technological system revolving around and constantly evolving its specific rules and regulations. Whilst modern analytical methods indicate the presence of impurities, the interpretations of corresponding results are gated by risk management and agreed thresholds. Ironically, this allows for entities with no identified chemical structures, and hence epistemologically outside chemistry, to be regulated in pharmaceutical products. We will refer to such substances which are not, epistemologically speaking, “chemicals” as Xpurities, in order to distinguish them from recognized and identified impurities. The presence of such Xpurities is surprisingly common and constitutes a major issue in pharmaceutical research and practice. We propose a Space of Information to deal with such impurities based on values regarding the presence, chemical identities, and biological activities. It is anticipated that this may enable pharmacists to handle such Xpurities more efficiently.
A Scoping Review on How to Make Hospitals Health Literate Healthcare Organizations
Authors: Zanobini Patrizio , Lorini Chiara , Baldasseroni Alberto , Dellisanti Claudia , Bonaccorsi Guglielmo
Published: February 2020

The concept of health literacy is increasingly being recognised as not just an individual trait, but also as a characteristic related to families, communities, and organisations providing health and social services. The aim of this study is to identify and describe, through a scoping review approach, the characteristics and the interventions that make a hospital a health literate health care organisation (HLHO), in order to develop an integrated conceptual model. We followed Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage scoping review framework, refined with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, to identify the research questions, identify relevant studies, select studies, chart the data, and collate and summarize the data. Of the 1532 titles and abstracts screened, 106 were included. Few studies have explored the effect of environmental support on health professionals, and few outcomes related to staff satisfaction/perception of helpfulness have been reported. The most common types of interventions and outcomes were related to the patients. The logical framework developed can be an effective tool to define and understand priorities and related consequences, thereby helping researchers and policymakers to have a wider vision and a more homogeneous approach to health literacy and its use and promotion in healthcare organizations.
Active Commuting and Depression Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marques Adilson , Peralta Miguel , Henriques-Neto Duarte , Frasquilho Diana , Rubio Gouveira Élvio , Gomez-Baya Diego
Published: February 2020

Physical activity (PA) is suggested to have a protective effect against depression. One way of engaging in PA is through active commuting. This review summarises the literature regarding the relationship between active commuting and depression among adults and older adults. A systematic review of studies published up to December 2019, performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, was conducted using three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). A total of seven articles were identified as relevant. The results from these studies were inconsistent. Only two presented a significant relationship between active commuting and depression symptoms. In those two studies, switching to more active modes of travel and walking long distances were negatively related to the likelihood of developing new depressive symptoms. In the other five studies, no significant association between active travel or active commuting and depression was found. The relationship between active commuting and depression symptoms in adults is not clear. More studies on this topic are necessary in order to understand if active commuting can be used as a public health strategy to tackle mental health issues such as depression.
Analysis of Answers to Queries among Anonymous Users with Gastroenterological Problems on an Internet Forum
Authors: Kamiński Mikołaj , Borger Michał , Prymas Piotr , Muth Agnieszka , Stachowski Adam , Łoniewski Igor , Marlicz Wojciech
Published: February 2020

Internet forums are an attractive source of health-related information. We aimed to investigate threads in the gastroenterological section of a popular Polish medical forum for anonymous users. We characterised the following aspects in threads: the main problem of the original poster, declared ailments and rationale of the responses (rational, neutral, harmful or not related to the problem of the original poster). We analysed over 2717 forum threads initiated in the years 2010–2018. Users mostly asked for diagnosis of the problem [1814 (66.8%)], treatment [1056 (38.9%)] and diagnostic interpretation [308 (11.3%)]. The most commonly declared symptoms were abdominal pain [1046 (38.5%)], diarrhea [454 (16.7%)] and bloating [354 (13.0%)]. Alarm symptoms were mentioned in 309 (11.4%) threads. From the total 3550 responses, 1257 (35.4%) were assessed as rational, 693 (19.5%) as neutral, 157 (4.4%) as harmful and 1440 (40.6%) as not related to the user’s problem. The original poster’s declaration of blood in stool, dyspepsia, pain in the abdominal right lower quadrant, weight loss or inflammatory bowel disease was positively related to obtaining at least one potentially harmful response. Advice from anonymous users on Internet forums may be irrational and disregards alarm symptoms, which can delay the diagnosis of life-threatening diseases.