bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug Abuse in the Bahamas
Authors: Clarke Nelson , Neville Michael
Published: January 2018

The Bahamas is a group of islands, just off the coast of Florida, extending southwards to near the island of Hispaniola. There are approximately 25 inhabited islands and numerous small islands and cays that are uninhabited. The population of the Bahamas is approximately 230–240,000. A census taken in 1980 showed that approximately 65% of the population is aged between 15–45 years. The major industries lie in tourism and off-shore banking. The Bahamas has not always had a drug problem; the diagnostic records at the mental hospital, Sandilands Rehabilitation Centre, reveal that in the sixties drug-related admissions were negligible. In the early seventies, however, there was a rapid increase in cannabis use and at the same time the number of drug-related admissions increased. The patients were mainly admitted in acutely disturbed states which were thought to be drug psychoses caused by cannabis inhalation. There do not seem to have been many patients requesting help to stop using cannabis, and generally there has been no significant change in this pattern. The major difference is the vast increase in the quantities smoked by an individual user. In the mid-seventies, the pattern of drug use began to change in that more patients were using a number of drugs at the same time. Methaqualone enjoyed a period of popularity and was known on the street as Quaaludes, Mx or Disco Biscuit. The drug's ability to potentiate the action of alcohol made it both dangerous and alluring, as it was possible to get ‘stoned’ almost immediately for the price of only one drink and one pill. It was about the same time in the mid-seventies that cocaine hydrochloride began to arrive on the market in increasing quantities and start gaining in popularity. The major problems at that time were associated with drug-induced psychoses, acute intoxications and occasions of violent bizarre behaviour due to the disinhibition and release of aggression caused by these drugs. One drug addict from this era, interviewed in the prison, said that a good night out was to smoke some grass, drink a Guinness stout, take a quaalude and then snort some cocaine. There is really no literature as to what effect these combinations may have on the brain. It is of interest however that very few patients were presenting for treatment of addiction, though by the late seventies a trickle had begun to come forward. Cocaine was not that plentiful and was being used by snorting, i.e. the inhalation of the finely ground white powder into the nostrils. A less popular method of use of cocaine at that time was smoking the finely ground powder as a constituent of a tobacco cigarette or mixed into the contents of a marijuana cigarette. The quantities of cocaine available on the Bahamian street market at that time were small.
Judge Schreber's Nervous Illness Re-examined
Authors: Stanley W. J.
Published: January 2018

Judge Schreber published Memoirs of My Nervous Illness in 1903 in which he described an illness since quoted as an outstanding example of paranoid schizophrenia and one which supports psychoanalytical explanations of the development of paranoia (first published in English in 1955 by MacAlpine & Hunter). The Schreber case became famous when Freud published his Psychoanalytical Notes Upon An Autobiographical Account of a Case of Paranoia (Dementia Paranoides) in 1911.
The Third AUTP Conference on ‘Teaching Psychodynamic Psychotherapy’
Authors: Denford John
Published: January 2018

As is often the case, Oxford was damp and cold, but this did not deter the more athletic of us from trotting round lovely Christchurch meadows, or the more aesthetic from visiting an exhibition of Impressionist drawings in the Bodleian. The unpretentious, even homely, character of University College helped to draw a quite disparate group of psychotherapists together. This in turn was reinforced by the personal quality of all the formal presentations, and by the repeated experiences of small groups whose composition is stable. They allow the development of some degree of relationship both personal and intellectual in the course of two days.
Prevalence and factors associated with burnout among frontline primary health care providers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Dugani Sagar , Afari Henrietta , Hirschhorn Lisa R. , Ratcliffe Hannah , Veillard Jeremy , Martin Gayle , Lagomarsino Gina , Basu Lopa , Bitton Asaf
Published: January 2018

Background: Primary health care (PHC) systems require motivated and well-trained frontline providers, but are increasingly challenged by the growing global shortage of health care workers. Burnout, defined as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal achievement, negatively impacts motivation and may further decrease productivity of already limited workforces. The objective of this review was to analyze the prevalence of and factors associated with provider burnout in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: We performed a systematic review of articles on outpatient provider burnout in LMICs published up to 2016 in three electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CAB). Articles were reviewed to identify prevalence of and risk factors associated with provider burnout.

Results: A total of 6,182 articles were identified, with 20 meeting eligibility criteria. We found heterogeneity in definition and prevalence of burnout. Most studies assessed burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. All three dimensions of burnout were seen across multiple cadres (physicians, nurses, community health workers, and pharmacists). Frontline nurses in South Africa had the highest prevalence of high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, while PHC providers in Lebanon had the highest reported prevalence of low personal achievement. Higher provider burnout was associated with high job stress, high time pressure and workload, and lack of organizational support.

Conclusions: Our comprehensive review of published literature showed that provider burnout is an important problem across various health care providers in LMICs. Further studies are required to better measure the prevalence, causes and consequences of burnout, and guide the development of effective interventions to reduce or prevent burnout.
Microsoft Kinect-based differences in lower limb kinematics during modified timed up and go test phases between men with and without Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kähär Hedi , Taba Pille , Nõmm Sven , Medijainen Kadri
Published: January 2018

The aim of the study was to analyse with Microsoft Kinect (Kinect) the differences in lower limb kinematics during sub-phases of modified Timed Up and Go test (modTUG) in men with Parkinson’s disease (PD) compared to healthy age-matched male individuals. Eight men with mild-to-moderate PD (age 67.5±4.5 yrs) and eight healthy men (age 69.8±8.0 yrs) participated. Kinect along with KinectPsyManager (v1.0) and Matlab2016b software was used for data collection. Selected lower limb kinematics and gait speed (GS) were calculated during sittingto- walking (STW) transition while performing modTUG. According to Kinect men with mild to moderate PD did not differ from healthy counterparts in aspects of postural characteristics of STW, with the exception of smaller distance between knees while sitting (p<0.001). Men with PD were found to perform the walking phase of STW transition slower (p<0.01) and with slower GS (p<0.01) comparing to healthy men. In conclusion, compared to healthy men, Kinect detects smaller distance between knees during sitting before transitioning from STW in men with mild to moderate PD. In addition, men with PD also demonstrated slower GS and a longer walking phase of STW transition in comparison to healthy men.
Advertising Content and Consumer Engagement on Social Media: Evidence from Facebook
Authors: Lee Dokyun , Hosanagar Kartik , Nair Harikesh S.
Published: January 2018

We describe the effect of social media advertising content on customer engagement using data from Facebook. We content-code 106,316 Facebook messages across 782 companies, using a combination of Amazon Mechanical Turk and natural language processing algorithms. We use this data set to study the association of various kinds of social media marketing content with user engagement—defined as Likes, comments, shares, and click-throughs—with the messages. We find that inclusion of widely used content related to brand personality—like humor and emotion—is associated with higher levels of consumer engagement (Likes, comments, shares) with a message. We find that directly informative content—like mentions of price and deals—is associated with lower levels of engagement when included in messages in isolation, but higher engagement levels when provided in combination with brand personality–related attributes. Also, certain directly informative content, such as deals and promotions, drive consumers’ path to conversion (click-throughs). These results persist after incorporating corrections for the nonrandom targeting of Facebook’s EdgeRank (News Feed) algorithm and so reflect more closely user reaction to content than Facebook’s behavioral targeting. Our results suggest that there are benefits to content engineering that combines informative characteristics that help in obtaining immediate leads (via improved click-throughs) with brand personality–related content that helps in maintaining future reach and branding on the social media site (via improved engagement). These results inform content design strategies. Separately, the methodology we apply to content-code text is useful for future studies utilizing unstructured data such as advertising content or product reviews.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2902 .

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Putting your best foot forward
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: January 2018

One of the timeless art and craft activities, the footprint is a staple of many an early years setting, but how can you turn this classic into something more interesting and varied?
Overweight and obesity in people with learning disabilities
Authors: Patience Sara
Published: January 2018

Sara Patience examines the risk of excess weight in people with learning disabilities and how to manage it
El “vigilante de la esquina”. El rol de la nostalgia en la construcción de relatos policiales argentinos
Authors: Sirimarco Mariana
Published: January 2018

Los libros de memorias juegan un rol importante en la literatura escrita por policías. Sobresalen aquí los relatos del “vigilante de la esquina”, que muestran al policía de antaño y su relación de confianza con la comunidad. En este artículo, se analizan las conexiones entre pasado, memoria y emoción que subyacen a la construcción de este relato, proponiéndose que la nostalgia es una herramienta inherente a la construcción de un determinado sentido del tiempo. Examinar el relato del “vigilante de la esquina” implicará analizar los valores con que la agencia policial se representa y rescatar el rol que las emociones juegan en la reproducción de las tradiciones institucionales.
Maqasid Shariahs View and its Solution on Foreign Debt in Indonesia
Authors: Ismail Nurizal , Dewi Baiq Rosmala
Published: January 2018

This study entitled Maqasid Shariahs View and Its Solution on Foreign Debt in Indonesia, aims to know the concept of debt from Islamic perspective and to analyze current issues foreign debt in Indonesia. Since economic crisis happened in European countries,Indonesia needs to be more careful in considering the impacts of the crisis. One of the causes was because of the high level of interest of the debts. It made most of crisis happened in many countries hard to pay back their debts. Therefore, it is needed to know how Islamic principles see the concept of debt and give the solution to the problem of debt by using Maqasid's approach. It can give comprehensive solution to the debt because it covers five dimensions: religion, self, intellect, family and wealth, which are very important in human life to attain the happiness and welfare on earth. The study will conclude with some suggestions for futureresearch.
Application of Islamic Consumer Theory: An Empirical Analysis in the Context of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Basharat
Published: January 2018

One of the main goals of economics is to satisfy the wants of consumer. Like as conventional economics, Islamic economics has also its own law of consumption which is superior to that of conventional economics. This paper presents an empirical survey report on the application of Islamic consumer theory in Bangladesh.The survey is conducted on 184 graduate students of economics from university of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Besides, the consumption framework of Islamic economics has been discussed in this paper. The research finds that, the majority percent of respondents consider Halal (lawful), Haram (unlawful), economic disadvantages of other consumers, scope of reward and punishment in hereafter life (life after death) in their consumptions and other economic activities. The report explores that, though the wants is unlimited, the respondents are capable to control their wants and choose moderate and simple standard of living. In addition, they mentioned that, the use of interest is not essential to run economic activities and interest free economy is possible. It is found that, a large proportion of the respondents did not study Islamic economics due to unavailability of the reading materials in spite of having their interest while half of the respondents read it. Finally, the opinion is found that, religious and ethical instruments (Zakat, donation, hereafter life etc.) should be included in the syllabus of modern economics in school, college and university level. The findings satisfy the assumptions of Islamic consumption framework. Finally, it presents the problems, prospects and recommendations to apply the Islamic consumer theory in Bangladesh.
Framing Information and its Impact on Saving Decision in Conventional and Sharia Banks: Experimental Study of Students of the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business in Yogyakarta
Authors: Widayanti Ipuk
Published: January 2018

Islamic and Conventional Banks in delivering information of margin in saving product have different ways.  Islamic bank uses “nisbah” while conventional bank uses interest. Both have different words and disclosure but in the nominal calculation of nisbah and interest is same, because Islamic bank uses Profit Equilization Reserve which the function is as allowance, and to simply it, Islamic banking informs that to consumer as Equivalent Rate. By using Attribute Framing and Risky Choice Framing this research aims to test the information frame of nisbah and interest and it influences on saving decision making. Quasi Experiment Model is used with 49 students of Islamic Economic Studies as subject of experimental group and 20 students of other studies except Islamic Economic as subject of control group. Experimental design of this research is between subject 2X2 by using 2 cases and Random Assignment technique. Two Way ANOVA is used as analitical tool. The result of this research is when information of margin is framed in gain domain/positive frame and loss domain/positive frame subject decision in saving is less risky while when information of margin is framed in gain domain/negative frame and loss domain/negative frame subject decision in saving is risk seeking. The largest framing effect is on the certain/probability (gain domain/positive frame) and the smallest effect is on uncertain/presentation (loss domain/negative frame).
Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: Comparison Between Islamic and Non-Islamic Countries in ASEAN
Authors: Syarif Ahmad
Published: January 2018

This study aims to prove and analyze the effect of export growth on economic growth in the ASEAN countries. Using annual data from 2004 to 2014, the empirical result shows that export growth is significant and gives positive impact on the economic growth in ASEAN. However, investment and labor-force are less to affect the economic growth in ASEAN. This study also provides strong evidence that supports the hypothesis of export-led growth as described by Nurkse (Moon, 1997). Export-led growth is an economic strategy that is also used by Islamic countries in ASEAN. Export-led growth has two important reasons, it can generate profits and allow countries to balance their finances and the export growth can lead to greater productivity.  This is consistent with the macro theory assumes that exports are injection to the economy (McCombie et al, 1994).
HADIS DAN SIRAH DALAM LITERATUR SEJARAWA
Authors: Fatihunnada Fatihunnada
Published: January 2018

Artikel ini mencoba mengkaji pandangan sejarawan Nusantara terhadap sejarah dan hadis dalam ranah ilmu sejarah. Berbincang sejarah Islam, pasti tidak akan bisa dilepaskan dari sosok nabi Muhammad yang menjadi tokoh utama. Oleh karena itu, peran hadis sangat penting dalam mengungkap beberapa fakta sejarah Islam terkait sosok nabi. Ahmed Faruqi menegaskan bahwa peran hadis dalam membangun pondasi awal historiografi Islam adalah sebagai referensi utama. Selanjutnya, yang menjadi daya tarik artikel ini adalah pandangan sejarawan Nusantara tentang hubungan hadis dan sejarah Islam serta pola kritik yang dipakai untuk merekonstruksi sejarah Islam. Selanjutnya artikel ini juga menyoroti hubungan hadis dengan sejarah Islam dalam pandangan sejarawan Nusantara.Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menitikberatkan pada pemahaman data-data dan menganalisanya untuk menemukan cara pandang beberapa tokoh. Artikel ini fokus mengkaji dua karya sejarawan Nusantara: pertama, Historiografi Islam karya Badri Yatim; dan kedua, Historiografi Islam Modern karya Azyumardi Azra.Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam pandangan sejarawan Nusantara sejarah dan hadis memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat, karena hadis memberikan kontribusi besar dalam membangun fakta sejarah Islam awal. Akan tetapi sikap kritis terhadap fakta sejarah juga harus dikedepankan dengan pendekatan ilmu sejarah dan sosial untuk mengembangkan kajian sejarah di era modern ini.
Visiting with the Ancestors: Blackfoot Shirts in Museum Spaces (Peers and Brown)
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey D.
Published: January 2018

This work is a book review considering the title Visiting with the Ancestors: Blackfoot Shirts in Museum Spaces by Laura Peers and Alison K. Brown.
Books and Media Received
Authors: Jackson Jason Baird
Published: January 2018

This item is a listing of scholarly works submitted to the editorial office for possible review.
Contributions from the China-US Folklore and Intangible Cultural Heritage Project
Authors: Jackson Jason Baird
Published: January 2018

This editorial offers context for the two peer-reviewed papers presented in the associated issue of the journal.
The Impact of Nutrition Label Regulation on Firm Marketing Action and Performance in China
Authors: Zou Peng , Li Yixin , Liu Yan
Published: January 2018

Although considerable research has been conducted on the impact of nutrition labeling in the economically developed world, there has been relatively little attention to the impact of such programs in developing economies. In 2013, China implemented the Food Nutrition Labeling Act (FNLA), requiring that more standardized information be provided on the packaging of food items. The focus of the current study is the impact of the standardized information disclosure requirement on firms in China, the world's biggest developing economy. In particular, the authors examine the effect of this law on firms in terms of marketing responses (e.g., advertising, R&D, corporate social responsibility) and sales, using a longitudinal, quasi-experimental field study. Findings indicate that, in general, the FNLA has had a positive effect on advertising and R&D investment but a negative effect on donations. When accounting for firm size as an asymmetry, we observe that the FNLA has led to a greater increase in advertising for large firms and a greater increase in sales for small firms.
Smoothness of definite unitary eigenvarieties at critical points
Authors: Bergdall John
Published: January 2018

We compute an upper bound for the dimension of the tangent spaces at classical points of certain eigenvarieties associated with definite unitary groups, especially including the so-called critically refined cases. Our bound is given in terms of “critical types” and when our bound is minimized it matches the dimension of the eigenvariety. In those cases, which we explicitly determine, the eigenvariety is necessarily smooth and our proof also shows that the completed local ring on the eigenvariety is naturally a certain universal Galois deformation ring.
Perspectives and Problems of Harmonizing Energy Legislation of Ukraine with the European Union Standards
Authors: Volodymyrivna Komelina Olha , Adamivna Shcherbinina Svitlana
Published: January 2018

Essence, features and components of the energy market was investigated in the article. Regulatory support of energy efficiency and energy saving in the European Union and Ukraine was analyzed. Ukraine obligations due to the harmonization of the energy legislation with the EU standards were defined. Problems in the housing and communal services (HCS) as one of the largest consumers of energy resources were revealed.
Imaging and locating paleo-channels using geophysical data from meandering system of the Mun River, Khorat Plateau, Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Nimnate P. , Thitimakorn T. , Choowong M. , Hisada K.
Published: January 2018

The Khorat Plateau from northeast Thailand, the upstream part of the Mun River flows through clastic sedimentary rocks. A massive amount of sand was transported. We aimed to understand the evolution of fluvial system and to discuss the advantages of two shallow geophysical methods for describing subsurface morphology of modern and paleo-channels. We applied Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to characterize the lateral, vertical morphological and sedimentary structures of paleo-channels, floodplain and recent point bars. Both methods were interpreted together with on-sites boreholes to describe the physical properties of subsurface sediments. As a result, we concluded that four radar reflection patterns including reflection free, shingled, inclined and hummocky reflections were appropriated to apply as criteria to characterize lateral accretion, the meandering rivers with channel-filled sequence and floodplain were detected from ERT profiles. The changes in resistivity correspond well with differences in particle size and show relationship with ERT lithological classes. Clay, silt, sand, loam and bedrock were classified by the resistivity data. Geometry of paleo-channel embayment and lithological differences can be detected by ERT, whereas GPR provides detail subsurface facies for describing point bar sand deposit better than ERT.
The European Union’s Relations with Greenland
Authors: Tomala Magdalena
Published: January 2018

Greenland has a special relationship with the European Union due to its link with the Kingdom of Denmark – Greenland’s mother country. As a result, Greenland shares some parts of the EU’s internal market via association agreements. Greenland, has become a meeting place of American, European and Asian interests in the Arctic. It is therefore essential that the EU doesn’t lose the North and keeps strengthening its relationship with Greenland. After having focused its attention on the East and the South, it is high time that the European Union looks further North, notably through a more ambitious Arctic Window in its Northern sphere of influence.
Reproducibility of preoperative endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin into the sphincter of Oddi to prevent postoperative pancreatic fistula
Authors: Volk Andreas , Distler Marius , Müssle Benjamin , Berning Marco , Hampe Jochen , Brückner Stefan , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo
Published: January 2018

Background:

A postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most common and potentially life-threatening surgical complication in pancreatic surgery. One possible pharmacological treatment could be the endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) into the sphincter of Oddi to prevent POPF. Promising data reported a significantly reduced rate of clinically relevant POPF. We analyzed the effect of BTX injection in our patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy (DP).

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing DP was performed. Patients with preoperative endoscopic injection of BTX into the sphincter of Oddi were included. The end points were postoperative outcomes including POPF. BTX patients were compared with a historical cohort and matched in a 1:1 ratio using a propensity score analysis.

Results:

A total of 19 patients were treated with endoscopic injection of BTX before open (n=8) or laparoscopic (n=11) DP. The median age of the patients was 67 years and the mean body mass index was 25.9 kg/m2. In median, the intervention was performed 1 day (range, 0–14 days) before the operation. There were no intervention-related complications. The incidence of POPF was not statistically different between the two groups: a clinically relevant POPF grade (B/C) occurred in 32% (BTX) and 42% (control; p=0.737). Likewise, there were no significant differences in postoperative drain fluid amylase levels, morbidity, and mortality.

Conclusion:

The present study could not reproduce the published results of a significant lowering of grade B/C POPF. The explanations could be the timing of BTX injection before surgery and the endoscopic technique of BTX injection. However, the conflicting results after BTX injection in two high-volume centers prompt a randomized controlled multicenter trial with trained endoscopists.
A modified quasi-boundary value method for an abstract ill-posed biparabolic problem
Authors: Besma Khelili , Nadjib Boussetila , Faouzia Rebbani
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we are concerned with the problem of approximating a solution of an ill-posed biparabolic problem in the abstract setting. In order to overcome the instability of the original problem, we propose a modified quasi-boundary value method to construct approximate stable solutions for the original ill-posed boundary value problem. Finally, some other convergence results including some explicit convergence rates are also established under a priori bound assumptions on the exact solution. Moreover, numerical tests are presented to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of this method.
Experimental investigation of compression strength of ventilated corrugated citrus packaging
Authors: Pathare Pankaj B. , Berry Tarl M. , Opara Umezuruike Linus
Published: January 2018

Ventilated corrugated paperboard packaging is the most widely type of packaging used in postharvest handling and transportation of fresh horticultural produce, during which the package may be exposed to different environmental conditions. Ventilated packages should be designed in such a way that they can provide uniform airflow distribution without compromising mechanical integrity. This study investigated the effects of different storage conditions (−0.5°C at 90% RH; 4°C at 90% RH, 10°

C at 90% RH) on the mechanical performance of two types of ventilated packaging [‘Supervent’ (4.7% vent area) and ‘Standard’ (3.1% vent area)] used for handling citrus fruit. The effects of storage condition on moisture content of package was also studied. Standard packaging showed higher compression strength than supervent packaging, presumably due to less vent area on the package. Maximum compressive strength reduction was found at storage temperature 4°C for both packages. The compressive strength of both packages decreased with increase in moisture content.
Field-circuit analysis and measurements of a single-phase self-excited induction generator
Authors: Makowski Krzysztof , Leicht Aleksander
Published: January 2018

The paper deals with a single-phase induction machine operating as a stand-alone self-excited single-phase induction generator for generation of electrical energy from renewable energy sources. By changing number of turns and size of wires in the auxiliary stator winding, an improvement of performance characteristics of the generator were obtained as regards no-load and load voltage of the stator windings as well as stator winding currents of the generator. Field-circuit simulation models of the generator were developed using Flux2D software package for the generator with shunt capacitor in the main stator winding. The obtained results have been validated experimentally at the laboratory setup using the single-phase capacitor induction motor of 1.1 kW rated power and 230 V voltage as a base model of the generator.
Field-based optimal-design of an electric motor: a new sensitivity formulation
Authors: Barba Paolo Di , Mognaschi Maria Evelina , Lowther David Alister , Wiak Sławomir
Published: January 2018

In this paper, a new approach to robust optimal design is proposed. The idea is to consider the sensitivity by means of two auxiliary criteria A and D, related to the magnitude and isotropy of the sensitivity, respectively. The optimal design of a switched-reluctance motor is considered as a case study: since the case study exhibits two design criteria, the relevant Pareto front is approximated by means of evolutionary computing.
Physical Characteristics by Sex and Age for Custody Assistants From a Law Enforcement Agency
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Orr Robin M. , Stierli Michael , Cesario Karly A. , Moreno Matthew R. , Bloodgood Ashley M. , Dulla Joseph M. , Dawes J. Jay
Published: January 2018

Lockie, RG, Orr, RM, Stierli, M, Cesario, KA, Moreno, MR, Bloodgood, AM, Dulla, JM, and Dawes, JJ. The physical characteristics by sex and age for custody assistants from a law enforcement agency. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2223–2232, 2019—Custody assistants (CAs) are a position within a law enforcement agency who are responsible for assisting officers with maintaining security in correctional facilities. Unlike other positions, CAs may not be required to complete physical testing before being hired. This lack of testing could influence the characteristics of CAs who attend academy training. Therefore, retrospective analysis of performance test data for 108 officers (69 men and 39 women) was conducted. The tests included: grip strength for both hands; number of push-ups and sit-ups in 60 seconds; 201-m (220 yard) and 2.4-km runs; and maximal aerobic capacity (Vo
2max) estimated from the 2.4-km run. Data were stratified by sex and age (≤24 years, 25–29 years, 30–34 years, and ≥35 years). Independent samples t tests (p ≤ 0.05) calculated differences between men and women. To compare age groups, a 1-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc was used (p ≤ 0.05). Men scored significantly higher than women in hand grip, push-ups, and sit-ups, were faster over the 201-m and 2.4-km runs, and had a higher Vo2max (p ≤ 0.001–0.024). There were no significant differences in performance tests across the age groups for either men or women. To better tolerate the rigors of physical training, female CAs should attempt to improve their fitness before the start of academy training because they often need to complete the same tasks as the male CAs. Age did not seem to influence the physical characteristics of CAs, although all CAs should attempt to develop the fitness qualities needed for their occupation.
Multimodal Encoding of Novelty, Reward, and Learning in the Primate Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
Authors: Martinez-Rubio Clarissa , Paulk Angelique C. , McDonald Eric J. , Widge Alik S. , Eskandar Emad N.
Published: January 2018

Associative learning is crucial for daily function, involving a complex network of brain regions. One region, the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), is a highly interconnected, largely cholinergic structure implicated in multiple aspects of learning. We show that single neurons in the NBM of nonhuman primates (NHPs;n= 2 males;Macaca mulatta) encode learning a new association through spike rate modulation. However, the power of low-frequency local field potential (LFP) oscillations decreases in response to novel, not-yet-learned stimuli but then increase as learning progresses. Both NBM and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex encode confidence in novel associations by increasing low- and high-frequency LFP power in anticipation of expected rewards. Finally, NBM high-frequency power dynamics are anticorrelated with spike rate modulations. Therefore, novelty, learning, and reward anticipation are separately encoded through differentiable NBM signals. By signaling both the need to learn and confidence in newly acquired associations, NBM may play a key role in coordinating cortical activity throughout the learning process.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDegradation of cells in a key brain region, the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), correlates with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease progression. To better understand the role of this brain structure in learning and memory, we examined neural activity in the NBM in behaving nonhuman primates while they performed a learning and memory task. We found that single neurons in NBM encoded both salience and an early learning, or cognitive state, whereas populations of neurons in the NBM and prefrontal cortex encode learned state and reward anticipation. The NBM may thus encode multiple stages of learning. These multimodal signals might be leveraged in future studies to develop neural stimulation to facilitate different stages of learning and memory.
Simulation: Teaching Medical Ethics to First Year Medical Students within the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Henderson Helen , Ballard Ian , Alsuwaidi Laila , Thomas Rekha , Ezimokhai Mutairu
Published: January 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. In today's healthcare world it is important to equip medical students with the knowledge, challenges and solutions to handle ethical dilemmas. Whilst there is no recommended format for how medical ethics should be taught it is recognized that students prefer a learner-centred approach. In a new medical college within the United Arab Emirates a simulation based medical education approach was adopted for first year, semester one medical students to support the taught theoretical underpinnings. Simulation scenarios which focused on the main ethical principles as well as the Islamic principles particularly in relation to the beginning and end of life were developed. Students were exposed to a variety of scenarios and were required to interact with standardized patients. Feedback from the students showed that 100% of them were in agreement that the simulation scenarios helped to support the theory taught in class. Simulation based medical education has the opportunity to enhance the undergraduate medical curriculum as well as to raise awareness of ethical dilemmas that students will face when qualified.
Analytical study of the drying shrinkage in light-weight concrete containing EPS beads
Authors: Vakhshouri Behnam , Rasiah Sri Ravindrarajah , Nejadi Shami
Published: January 2018

This study investigates the drying shrinkage of light-weight concrete containing expanded polystyrene beads. Nine shrinkage specimens in three groups were subjected to three different conditions of drying and wetting periods for 450 d. The effect of the weight loss of specimens on the shrinkage is studied. A proposed new relationship to predict the shrinkage behaviour of the specimens is verified by the existing models. A bilinear relationship between the rate of weight loss and shrinkage increment is also developed. Results show that a longer curing period strongly affects the shrinkage behaviour over the first few months. The rate of weight loss, rate of shrinkage with time and the ratio of the rate of weight loss to the initial weight of specimens are also investigated.
Joint faulting behaviour of innovative short concrete slabs
Authors: Pradena Mauricio , Houben Lambert
Published: January 2018

Pavements are one of the largest assets of a city and their functional condition (ride quality) is priority for their clients. In jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCPs), the presence of joint faulting (JF) reduces the ride quality. Today, short slabs are available as a cost-effective JPCP innovation. The objective of this paper is to analyse the JF behaviour of JPCPs with short slabs. For this, a deterioration model to predict it and trends of JF observed in short slabs of Chile and the United States are considered. The HDM-4 model always yields lower JF per joint in short slabs than in traditional ones. However, real-world short slabs show not only lower JF per joint (that the modelled JF), but also that more joints do not necessarily mean more JF per length of pavement that affect the ride quality. One of the relevant explanatory factors for it is the radical reduction of crack width at joints, which produces a fundamental increase of the load transfer efficiency. To maintain favourable behaviour observed in the field it is recommended to assure joint activation and to provide adequate stiffness of the layers below the short slabs.
A construção e a compreensão de sentido em discursos por crianças entre 10 e 12 anos
Authors: Lebler Cristiane Dall Cortivo , Fregapani Letícia Da Rosa
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa, de igual nome, que partiu da ideia de que compreender a palavra e as possibilidades que ela delimita ao discurso e que este delimita a ela é essencial para o entendimento do próprio discurso. Sendo assim, este artigo se propõe a pensar sobre a construção e a compreensão de sentido da palavra em discursos, com o embasamento da Teoria da Argumentação na Língua de Oswald Ducrot, Jean-Claude Anscombre e Marion Carel. Escolheu-se observar esse processo em alunos com idade entre 10 e 12 anos e que estão no 5º, 6º ou 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram realizados estudos teóricos e construção do corpus, a partir do qual houve a elaboração de uma aula introdutória e de um teste. Ambos foram realizados com alunos da faixa etária selecionada e, posteriormente, tiveram seus resultados analisados a fim de encontrar respostas para os objetivos delimitados. Pôde-se constatar que há um olhar crítico dos alunos com relação ao sentido das palavras e das suas diversas possibilidades de significação, mas que ele é, por muitas vezes, encoberto por experiências anteriores com essas palavras, revelando, portanto, uma grande dificuldade, por parte dos alunos, em considerar o contexto discursivo na apreensão do sentido.
Sulfonyl-bridged Calix[4]arene as an Inhibitor of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
Authors: Buldenko Vladyslav , Kobzar Oleksandr , Trush Viacheslav , Drapailo Andriy , Kalchenko Vitaly , Vovk Andriy
Published: January 2018

Previously, phosphonic acid derivatives of calix[4]arene and thiacalix[4]arene were found to be potential inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. In the present paper, the inhibitory activity of unsubstituted sulfonyl-bridget calix[4]arene towards some of the therapeutically important protein tyrosine phosphatases has been established. The obtained results showed that the sulfonylcalix[4]arene is able to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase MEG2 with IC50 value in the micromolar range. At the same time, the inhibitor demonstrated lower activity in case of other protein tyrosine phosphatases such as PTP1B, MEG1, TC-PTP, SHP2, and PTPβ. The performed molecular docking indicated that the inhibitor binds to the active site region of MEG2 and PTP1B with WPD-loop in the open conformation.
Quel genre de savoirs? Epistémologies féministes et (dé)construction des connaissances
Authors: Dayer Caroline
Published: January 2018

L’objectif de cette contribution vise à interroger la construction des savoirs et leurs conditions de production au prisme des épistémologies féministes. Autrement dit, elle se penche sur le genre de savoirs et le genre des savoirs. L’explicitation des ancrages théoriques et de la démarche méthodologique débouche sur l’analyse empirique qui se base sur des entretiens de recherche semi-directifs. Les résultats mettent en évidence la façon dont les savoirs peuvent être neutralisés, désincarnés, éclipsés et soldés. L’articulation entre le caractère androcentré du travail scientifique et les injonctions néolibérales a des répercussions non seulement sur la façon dont les savoirs sont conçus (concevoir au sens d’envisager et au sens d’élaborer) mais également sur les personnes qui les fabriquent, sur l’amenuisement de la pensée critique et sur le renforcement des inégalités. En guise de perspective, la fonction émancipatoire des connaissances est inscrite dans un cadre plus général de justice sociale.
Síndrome de Phelan-McDermid: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Hernández Gómez Mariana , Meléndez Hernández Ricardo , Ramírez Arroyo Eva , Mayén Molina Dora Gilda
Published: January 2018

El síndrome de Phelan-McDermid (SPMD) es un desorden del neurodesarrollo, también llamado síndrome de deleción 22q13.3, que genera la pérdida de la función del gen SHANK3. Se caracteriza por hipotonía neonatal severa, retardo global del desarrollo, retraso severo o ausencia de lenguaje y dismorfias menores. El 80% de los casos son de novo y, a pesar de que su prevalencia es desconocida, se han descrito aproximadamente 1200 casos alrededor del mundo. Es una causa frecuente de desorden con espectro autista y de discapacidad intelectual, contribuyendo con el 0.5 a 2% de todos los casos. El método diagnóstico de elección es el estudio de microarreglos acompañado de citogenética convencional. Este artículo describe un caso de SPMD, diagnosticado hasta los cuatro años, con datos clínicos altamente sugestivos desde temprana edad. Es un caso de novo debido a una deleción de 4.3 Mb, resultado de la formación de un anillo cromosómico. Consideramos que mediante la difusión de este caso contribuiremos a la divulgación del SPMD, lo que puede permitir, junto con la tecnología diagnóstica actual, que los pacientes y sus familiares se beneficien de un diagnóstico más rápido, oportuno y de un mejor manejo.
Productivity augmentation of greengram (Vigna radiata) through weed management
Authors: Singh S. P. , Yadav R. S. , Kumawat Amit , Jakhar R. R.
Published: January 2018

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner during three consecutive kharif season of 2013, 2014 and 2015. The experiment comprising ten weeds control treatments consisting of pendamethalin 1000 g/ha (PE), imazethapyr 50g/ha (3-4 leaf stage of crop), imazethapyr 70g/ha (3-4 leaf stage of crop), pendamethalin + imazethapyr 800g/ha (PE), pendamethalin + imazethapyr 900g/ha (PE), pendamethalin + imazethapyr 1000g/ha (PE), imazethapyr + imazamox 60g/ha (3-4 leaf stage of crop), imazethapyr + imazamox 70g/ha (3-4 leaf stage of crop), 2 hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS was found most effective to control weeds in greengram and recorded lowest weed count and weed dry matter of both broad leaved and grassy weeds. It was also recorded significantly highest branches/pant, leaf area index, total chlorophyll, protein content in seed, pods/plant, seeds/pod and seed, straw and biological yield over other treatments. Among different herbicides, pendamethalin + imazethapyr 800g recorded significantly higher net returns (31350/ha) and B:C ratio (2.70).
Detrimental effect and GC-MS analysis of some plant oils against Polyphagous pests Spodoptera litura and Spilarctia obliqua
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Gaur Neeta
Published: January 2018

Four plant oils at the concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% viz.; Jatropha, (Jatropha curcas) Ocimum, (Ocimum grattisimum) Kapoor, (Cinnamomum camphora) Lantana, (Lantana camara) were tested for the growth regulatory activities against 8 day old larvae of S. litura and S. obliqua larvae and plant oil composition testing by GC-MS analysis for selected oils. Among four oils J. curcas (10%) showed better results for both the insects while least effective were L. camara (2.5%) and C. camphora (2.5%) for S. litua and S. obliqua larvae respectively. J. curcas (10%) also showed highest terminal larval mortality followed by C. camphora > O. grattisimum > L camara for mentioned insects. The analysis of plant oils revealed the presence of over 43 compounds, contributed to 99.16, 92.78 and 94.97 % of the total tested oils (J. curcas, O. grattisimum and C. camphora) respectively. In tested oils by GC-MS analysis among other compounds in highest quantity terpenoids were found. These plant secondary metabolites can be the responsible factor for effect of plant oils against insect-pest growth and development or as plant based insecticides.
Birth Journey of a Newborn: Transition from Intrauterine to Extrauterine Life
Authors: Aydin Ruveyde
Published: January 2018

The process of birth is an important factor that determines the kind of a person one will be in the future and how we see the world. This study examines the psychological experiences of newborns from the intrauterine to the extrauterine world. The study used English–Turkish language papers and was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar, using a combination of key words like ‘transtation extrauterine world’, ‘newborn’, ‘newborn psychology’, ‘birth and newborn’. During birth, babies undergo a lot of stress. Foetuses and babies can react to signals from their environment. Newborns listen intently to their mothers and prefer to hear those heard weeks before birth. Infants are also great dreamers, according to studies of brain waves. The newborn trauma at birth affects adult life and plays a role in many psychiatric disorders. So delivery rooms should be quieter places with dim lighting and even soft music. Keywords: Newborn, transtation, extrauterine, intrauterine life, psychology.
Future Healthcare: Will Digital Data Lead to Better Care?
Authors: Goceri Evgin
Published: January 2018

Currently, datasets used in bioinformatics and computational biology are high-dimensional, complex and multivariate. Analysis and processing of data is vital in medicine; however, manual analysis and pattern recognition with big data is difficult, and processing of large and weakly connected datasets is challenging. The increasing complexity of healthcare systems causes high health cost. To provide better healthcare services at reduced prices, computer-aided tools using smart approaches and context-aware computations are of great importance. Advancements in wireless network technology, mobile devices and pattern recognition applications help solve the cost problem of healthcare systems. In the future, patients will be able to participate in healthcare as their own health manager and observe important parameters like body fat amount and blood pressure. However, open issues related to this topic exist. In this paper, we present a survey of smart healthcare environments and smart hospitals and discuss some questions and challenges in this area. Keywords: Future healthcare, healthcare system, smart hospitals, smart environments.