bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Breast Conserving Surgery According to Molecular Subtypes in Kurdish Females
Authors:   General Surgery Board Trainee Kurdistan Higher Council for Medical Specialties (KHCMS) and Sulaimani Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq., Tofiq Shaban Latif , Saeed Kamal Ahmad ,   FIBMS (General Surgery), Professor, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Published: June 2024

Background & objectives: The most frequently occurring cancer in women is breast cancer, and various treatment methods are available. Thus, we aimed to correlate between molecular subtype and the suitability of performing breast-conserving surgery. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 women with primary breast cancer, but without distant metastasis, from 2016 to 2022. These women had undergone either breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy. Patients were interviewed directly to obtain the necessary data, and their data were recorded on a questionnaire. Results: The most common age group at diagnosis was 45-50 years, and the mean age for menarche was 13.3±1.3 years. Of the patients, 9% were single, 15% were nulliparous, and 76.7% had practised breastfeeding. The most common type of cancer was invasive ductal carcinoma, with ductal carcinoma in situ (82%). The molecular subtype and type of surgery were significantly correlated (p=0.041). Of the sample, 66.7% underwent breast-conserving surgery, with the highest rate (87%) being done in the triple-negative molecular subtype. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between the tumour focality and the postoperative margin (p<0.001). Conclusions: Triple-negative cases were the most suitable for breast-conserving surgery among the molecular subtypes and had the highest rate of free margin. In contrast, unifocal breast cancers had the least involvement in margin postoperatively.
Clinical and Dermoscopic evaluation of post acne erythema after treatment with topical timolol maleate 0.5%
Authors:   KHCMS/ Dermatology trainee, Sulaymaniyah Dermatology Teaching Hospital, KRG, Iraq, Omer Sawen Jihanger , Jaf Mohammed Yousif Saeed ,   FIBMS (Dermatology), ISDS, ESLDC, Assistant Professor of Dermatology, University of Sulaimani, college of medicine, Head of Sulaymaniyah Dermatology Teaching centre., Hassan Shawkat Abubakr ,   ABMS/Dermatology lecturer, Sulaymaniyah Dermatology Teaching Hospital, KRG, Iraq
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives: A common consequence of acne inflammation is called post-acne erythema, which describes telangiectasia and erythematous lesions that persist even after acne treatment, although some post-acne erythema lesions may become better with time. For some patients, having prolonged post-acne erythema might not be acceptable. Many studies have assessed the effectiveness of various post-acne erythema therapeutic approaches; however, there is no standard treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of topical timolol maleate 0.5% in the treatment of post-acne erythema clinically and by dermoscopy. Methods: A randomized therapeutic clinical trial conducted in Sulaimanyah city-Kurdistan region over a period from March to September of 2022.Thirty patients (24 female and 6 male) with persistent post-acne erythema were enrolled in this study. Treatments with timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution: apply 3-5 drops of timolol over the affected area every night at bedtime for 12 weeks. Our objectives were patient satisfaction, dermoscopy-assessed erythema assessment, and physician-reported clinical improvement. Result: After 12 weeks of treatment, there were no patients with severe erythema, clinically and statistically; there was a marked decline in the mean clinician erythema score and its standard deviation from 2.7± 0.98 to 1.0 ± 1.0 Also by dermoscopy-assessed erythema assessment, there was a substantial decrease in the mean erythema score and its standard deviation from 2.0±0.72 to 0.70±0.70, no participants after therapy exhibited severe erythema by dermoscopy.so statistically there is significant reduction in erythema clinically and dermoscopically. Conclusion: The results of this study show that there was very good response of post-acne erythema lesions with no obvious side effects, further therapeutic clinical studies with larger sample size is needed.
The relation between serum ferritin level and echocardiographic findings in transfusion dependent thalassemic patients in Slemani City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Authors:   KHCMS-candidate, department of hematology, Hiwa Hemato-Oncology hospital, Slemani, Kurdistan Rigion, Iraq., Karim Saz Rasheed , Jalal Sana Dlawar ,   FIBMS, FRCpath-hematopathology. Professor in hematopathology., College of Medicine, University of Slemani, Kurdistan Region Iraq., Rashid Nawshirwan Gafoor
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives: Thalassemia patients are at risk of iron overload. Those with transfusion-dependent thalassemia are more likely to experience cardiac problems because repeated blood transfusions cause iron accumulation in the cardiac myocyte. Thus, this study aims to determine the relationship between serum ferritin levels and echocardiographic findings in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. Methods: This retrospective analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia between 1stDecember 2021 to 1stJuly 2022 at the Center for Thalassemia and Congenital Blood Disorder, Slemani, Iraq. The participant’s information, including sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, body weight, height, hemoglobin level, serum ferritin, type and duration of chelation therapy, and echocardiographic findings, were collected from the hospital database using a questionnaire. Then, the correlation between serum ferritin levels and echocardiographic results was determined. Results: The mean age of the patients was 21.24 ± 6.28 years, and most of them were males (55.7%), from the urban region (71%) and had an average body weight (68.7%). The mean serum ferritin level was 1876±1743.63 µg/L. The interpretation of the echocardiography results showed 38 patients (29%) had valvular heart diseases. Body mass index has a reverse linear relationship with ejection fraction(P=0.038) and a direct relationship with age(P<0.001). However, no significant association was found between echocardiographic findings and serum ferritin(P=0.83). Conclusions: We found valvular heart diseases among the most common heart disorders in the patients. Suitable interventions and measures can significantly help manage the condition and reduce illness complications.
Efficacy of intra lesional injection of 5-flourouracil on keloid scar: A prospective open clinical trial
Authors:   MCHB. Shahid Jabar Dermatological Teaching Center, Sulaimani Directorate of Health, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq,, Latif Banoo Dhahir , Saeed Mohammed Yousif ,   MBCHB, FIBMS. Asst. Prof. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq,, Abdulla Darseem Muhammed ,   MBCHB, FIBMS. Lecturer. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives: The management of keloids stayed unsatisfactory. Intralesional 5-fluorouracil has not been broadly and intensively studied as a monotherapy in the treatment of keloids worldwide. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intralesional injection of 5-flourouracil in patients with keloids. Methods: In this prospective clinical trial study, a total of 20 patients aged >18 years at Shahid Jabar Dermatological Teaching Center, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq, from January 2022 to August 2022 were enrolled. Patients were treated at 1-week interval with intralesional injection of 5-flurouracil (50 mg/mL) at maximum of 6 sessions. Average injection volume was 0.2 mL/cm2. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: Most of the patients were aged <50 years (90%) with no family history of keloid (75%). Additionally, 45% of patients had keloid in the trunk region with a size of ?10 cm2 (65%). Most patients (80%) had the disease for ?5 years that caused by inflammation (55%), especially skin type IV (65%). After 6 sessions of treatment, 70% of patients showed moderate improvement, while 30% of patients showed minimum improvement. The main adverse effects after 6 sessions of treatment were hyperpigmentation in 3 patients, bullae in 2 patients, and tissue sloughing only in 1 patient. A significant correlation was found between the patient’s response and age/keloid location. Moreover, mean Redness, Elevation, Hardness, Itching, and Tenderness score after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results concluded that 5-flurouracil is a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of keloids.
The frequency of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism in transfusion dependent thalassemia patients in Slemani city /Iraq
Authors:   MBChB, KHCMS Candidate/ Clinical Hematology. Hiwa Cancer hospital, Slemani, Kurdistan Region,Iraq, Rashid Dezheen Jamal Mohammed , Ameen Kawa Muhamad ,   MBChB, FRCP, PhD Assistant professor of clinical hematologist Department of Hematology, Nanakali hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Mohammed Nawsherwan Sadiq ,   MBChB, FIBMS-path, Consultant hematopathologist Department of Pathology, Nanakali hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Published: June 2024

Background and objective: Thyroid disorders caused by blood transfusion in thalassemia patients could affect human health and growth, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism in blood transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients in the city of Slemani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Methods: The current study is a retrospective cross-sectional study (comparative analysis) conducted in Slemani center for thalassemia patients and congenital blood, between December 2021 and July 2022. Participants included l07 thalassemia patients with medical records the sampling method was a convenience method. The data was collected through the review of patients' files and blood tests, including( thyroid hormones, hemoglobin level, serum ferritin level), with a questionnaire that was completed through an interview with the patients. Results: The results of thyroid function tests have shown that 21/107 pateints (19.6%) have hypothyroidism, 6 patients have overt hypothyroidism, and 15 patients have subclinical showed that 23/107 patients and 4/107 patients had hight and low levels,respectively, and there was statistically a significant difference in the average Thyroid stimulating hormone and serum thyroxin levels in two groups of hypothyroid and euthyroid patients and mean ferritine serum level between these two groups was 2166.7±2174.8 and 2068.37±1919.97 respictively ,which was not a statistically significant difference . Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of hypothyroidism in thalassemia patients, measuring Thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxin can be very important and vital in the initial screenings,effective treatment and follow-up of patients.
Prevalence of Autoantibodies (ACPA) and Rheumatoid Factor among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Sulaymaniyah
Authors:   MBChB, Ministry of Health, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Muhillddin Zhwan Ebrahem , Merza Raouf Rahim ,   MBChB, M.Phil,DMRD (highest degree delivered by Royal college of London in rehabilitation), FRCP(London), Sulaimani Medical School, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives: Rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated protein antibodies are the most characteristic autoantibodies for rheumatoid arthritis. Our aims were to evaluate the prevalence of Rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated protein antibodies and their association with demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with RA. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted at Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Center/Sulaymaniyah from February 2022 to November 2022. The study included patients with rheumatoid arthritis from both sexes. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate serum levels of rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated protein antibodies antibody titer. Results: The prevalence of rheumatoid factor was 72.61%. Each of high disease activity, mean DAS28 scores, rheumatoid nodules and deformities were significantly associated with rheumatoid factor positivity (P= 0.015, P= 0.025, P= 0.007 and P<0.001, respectively). The prevalence of anticitrullinated protein antibodies was 68.87%. High disease activity, rheumatoid nodules and deformities were significantly associated with anticitrullinated protein antibodies (P= 0.014, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The prevalence of rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated protein antibodies among patients with rheumatoid arthritis was within the global context. High disease activity and the presence of rheumatoid nodules are positively associated with rheumatoid factor-positivity. Number of tender joints and the presence of rheumatoid nodules were positively associated with anticitrullinated protein antibodies-positivity.
Programmed death ligand I (PDL-1) Expression in renal cell carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
Authors:   M.B.Ch. B, DOH-Duhok, Directory of health., Ali Zainab Mohammed , Hormiz Rafil Toma ,   MBChB, FIBMS, Lecturer, Pathology Department, College of Medicine-Duhok University, Raziq Alaa Hani ,   MBChB, MSc, FIBMS, Professor & Consultant Pathologist, Pathology Department, College of Medicine-Duhok University
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives: Inhibition of programed death -1and programed death ligand-1 pathway enhances antitumor activity of T lymphocytes, therefore, provides a new strategy for tumor treatment utilizing immunotherapy. The aim of this study to assess the frequency of programed death ligand-1 expression in renal cell carcinoma by using the immunohistochemistry and to correlate the results the clinicopathologic parameters. Methods: This is a cross sectional retrospective study performed in Duhok City from 2017-2022 on fifty-four formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of nephrectomy specimens diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma and collected from central lab of Duhok and some private labs. Two sections were prepared from each block, one section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological analysis and the other one was used for immunohistochemical assessment of programed death ligand-1then the results were correlated with various clinicopathological parameters. Results: Programed death ligand -1; membranous expression was positive in 19 cases (35.2%) of renal cell carcinoma out of 54 cases. There was no significant correlation between programed death ligand -1 expression and age (p= 0.991), gender (p= 0.272), multifocality (p= 0.607), tumor size (p= 0.796), histological subtype (p= 0.107), tumor stage (p= 0.546), nuclear grade (p= 0.781), surgical margins involvement (p= 0.119) and lymphovascular invasion (p= 0.4), but there was statistically significant correlation with nodal metastases (p= 0.039). Conclusion: Programmed death ligand -1/ Combined positive score was ?1 in about one third (35.2%) of renal cell carcinoma cases and this result can be utilized for the provision of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs), regardless the age, gender, histological type, stage, nuclear grade, and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI).
AS METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL SOB A CONCEPÇÃO DE VYGOTSKY, AUSUBEL E FREIRE
Authors: Lopes Jouzi Pereira , Sá Gilmara Benício de , Melo Júnior Hermócrates Gomes , Fermin Tharik de Souza , Santos Silvana Maria Aparecida Viana
Published: June 2024

Este artigo tem como objeto as metodologias ativas, delimitada na Educação Infantil. Apresenta como problemática “Como as metodologias ativas podem fomentar a mediação na Educação Infantil na concepção de Vygostsky, Ausubel e Freire?”. Destarte tem como objetivo apresentar como as metodologias ativas podem fomentar a mediação na Educação Infantil na concepção de Vygotsky, Ausubel e Freire. Essa temática se apresenta relevante devido ser a Educação Infantil a base estrutural da formação do estudante. As metodologias ativas também se tornam relevante pelo fato de que as práticas de ensino podem ser ressignificadas para que a escola seja o ambiente propício de uma aprendizagem significativa a partir da mediação docente. Visto que a geração da Educação Infantil apresenta criatividade para espaços interativos ao qual tem acesso e a mediação docente precisa valorizar e potencializar. O artigo se estruturou considerando uma pesquisa básica com estudo de revisão bibliográfica que tem em sua base teórica em Vygotsky (2010), Ausubel (1988) e Freire (1996), considerando também autores que apresentam a compreensão dessas teorias.
Pengembangan PentaPod, Armor Beton Jenis Baru Untuk Pelindung Bangunan Pantai
Authors: Natakusumah Dantje Kardana , Achiari Hendra , Oktariyanto Nugroho Eka , Adinata Fitra , Hidayatulloh Syarif , Angelo Ishakputra Jonathan , Aryo Bronto Danis , Syabhan Kiromi
Published: June 2024

Makalah ini membahas PentaPod adalah sejenis armor baru dari beton yang dirancang untuk melindungi bangunan pantai dari kerusakan akibat gelombang dan arus laut. PentaPod dikembangkan untuk mengatasi keterbatasan dari armor beton yang umum digunakan pada struktur pantai, yang hanya dapat disusun secara acak atau teratur namun dipasang tanpa terikat satu sama lain, menyebabkan stabilitas keseluruhan bangunan pantai yang dilindungi sangat tergantung pada stabilitas individu dari setiap unit armor. Armor Beton PentaPod dapat disusun secara acak dan teratur serta dapat diikatkan satu sama lain. Namun, PentaPod juga dapat dipasang secara teratur dalam satu atau beberapa lapisan, di mana seluruh unit armor saling terikat secara horizontal dan vertikal sehingga stabilitas keseluruhan bangunan pantai tergantung pada stabilitas gabungan unit-unit armor yang terikat. Dalam makalah ini ditunjukkn hasil penguhian Koefisien Stabilitas (Kd) untuk dua varian dari armor beton PentaPod, yaitu PentaCone dan PentaOcta, yang diuji di Tangki Gelombang. Studi ini menunjukkan koefisien stabilitas untuk kedua varian dari Armor Beton PentaPod. Namun, pengujian untuk Armor PentaPod yang saling terikat, yang diharapkan membentuk sistem yang sangat stabil, belum dilakukan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada kemampuan untuk memasang armor beton secara acak dan teratur, mengurangi biaya dengan mengurangi jumlah dan ukuran unit armor sambil meningkatkan stabilitas dari armor beton yang terhubung, serta memudahkan pemasangan di permukaan dan dalam air.
Strategi Guru Dalam Pembelajaran Menghafal Juz Amma pada Anak Usia Dini di TK Plus Hasyim Asy’ari Pikatan Blitar
Authors: Indria Neng Putri  , Luk-luk Nur Mufidah
Published: June 2024

This research is based on the condition of researchers in the field that there are at least some Qur'ani programs in early childhood education institutions because of the limited facilities and infrastructure that are inadequate at the institution. The research focus of this thesis is: (1) How is the teacher planning in learning to memorize juz 'amma in early childhood at TK Plus Hasyim Asy'ari Pikatan? (2) How is the implementation of the teacher in learning to memorize juz 'amma in early childhood at TK Plus Hasyim Asy'ari Pikatan? (3) How is the teacher's evaluation in learning to memorize juz 'amma in early childhood at TK Plus Hasyim Asy'ari Pikatan?. The purpose of this study is to find out the strategies used by teachers in learning to memorize juz 'amma, as well as to provide inspiration or reference for other early childhood education institutions that the limitations that exist in the institution do not make it an obstacle for educators to be able to teach the Qur'an. 'an to students well. This study uses a qualitative approach. The type of research used is field research (field research).
Pengaruh Media PhET Simulation Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Kelas 12 MIA/SMAIT Yapira Raudhatut Tauhid
Authors: Enda Maryati
Published: June 2024

This research aims to determine the effect of PhET simulation on student learning outcomes in direct current electricity material at SMAIT Yapira Raudhatut Tauhid. The research method used in this research is an experimental method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study was class 12 students at SMAIT Yapira Raudhatut Tauhid with the sample size being class 12-3 with a total of 30 students, as the control class and class 12-2 with a total of 30 students as the experimental class. The results of the research show that there is a significant influence of the PhET Simulation media on the physics learning outcomes of class 12 students at MIA/SMAIT Yapira Raudhatut Tauhid. This can be proven by obtaining a value of  t.count > t.table = 4.827 > 2.048.
Assessing the Home Range, Foraging Pattern and Roost Fidelity of Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus sphinx) in a Semi-Urban Environment
Authors: S. Velpandi, , R.M. Rama Krishna, , M.R. Sudhakaran, , D Paramanantha Swami Doss,
Published: June 2024

Radio telemetry is a method used in wildlife ecology to examine the movements and behaviours of animals, as well as to define their home ranges and habitat preferences. Bats, a highly diverse group of mammals, are recognized for their essential contributions to ecosystems, including seed dispersal, pollination, and pest control through their foraging activities. This study utilised radio telemetry to explore the basic foraging behaviours, range of movement, and roosting flexibility of the Cynopterus sphinx species. A total of 15 bats were equipped with compact, hand-wired, two-stage transmitter radio devices, including two harem males, nine harem females, and four non-harem males. Three groups used TRX-1000S receivers and collapsible 5-element Yagi antennas to track these radio-tagged bats. Our findings indicate that the radio-tagged female bats were the first to leave their roosts, with emergence times between 18:15 and 19:18 hrs. In contrast, harem males emerged last, following the quicker departure of non-harem males. The harem males covered an average foraging distance of 2.4 km (±0.3 km), whereas non-harem males travelled further. Both male and female bats visited multiple feeding sites nightly, with females travelling an average distance of 4.5 km (±0.9 km). Time spent at foraging sites varied among individuals. Males show higher roost fidelity than females, who frequently move between harems and roost sites. The study highlighted gender-specific differences in emergence times and distinct foraging behaviours, underlining the importance of understanding these patterns for conservation and habitat management efforts, which are crucial for supporting bats' roles as providers of ecosystem services.
Ant Species Richness and Diversity in Selected Habitats in Chavara Panchayath, Kollam District, Kerala, India
Authors: Krishnan Arya , D. Dhanyaraj , P. Kiran
Published: June 2024

Ants are an important part of the ecosystem not only because of their huge biomass but also because of their role in the ecosystem. The aim of this study is to address the diversity and abundance of ants in Chavara panchayat, Kollam district, Kerala. The study records a total of 16 ant species belongs to 1 family, 7 tribes, and 3 subfamilies in Chavara panchayat, which provides a brief scenario and improves our knowledge the diversity and distribution of the myrmecofauna in the region. The subfamilies include Formicinae (4 genera and 7 species), Myrmicinae (5 genera and 6 species), and Ponerinae (3 genera and 3 species). Formicinae was the most diverse subfamily, Myrmicinae was the most abundant tribe, and Ponerinae was the least abundant and most diverse subfamily. Biodiversity indices show that the study area has high biodiversity and species richness.
Evaluation of In vitro Anticancer Activity (Ovarian Cancer Cells-pa1) and Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity of Parmelia perlata Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Arulmozhi A. , Jayaprakash A. , Behera Archana , Malakondaiah Suresh , Jothinathan Mukesh Kumar Dharmalingam
Published: June 2024

The Phytochemical composition and bioactivity of an ethanolic extract of Parmelia perlata were analyzed in this study using established procedures. The extract revealed a rich array of phytochemicals, showcasing its diverse composition, and notably exhibited strong antioxidant activity according to the 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Furthermore, the research explored the extract’s potential in preventing Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) denaturation, comparing it with the well-known medication Diclofenac. The concentration-dependent inhibition of BSA denaturation by P. perlata ethanolic extract was comparable to the effects observed with diclofenac on BSA. The ethanolic extract demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial isolates. While gentamicin served as a positive control with larger zones of inhibition, P. perlata extract displayed significant antibacterial efficacy against all six tested organisms. Moreover, in vitro testing against human ovarian (PA-1) cell lines demonstrated the extract’s anticancer potential. A concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability, culminating in the lowest percentage at 1000 µg/ml, was observed. The IC50 value of 31.2 µg/mL showed that the P. perlata extract strongly inhibited the PA-1 cell line. This was confirmed by the observed changes in the cellular morphology when exposed to higher concentrations of the extract. Further, the ethanolic extract of P. perlata was subjected to various concentrations to evaluate its embryotoxicity on zebrafish embryos. The concentration of extract was determined to have a safety limit of less than 50 µg/L. In summary, P. perlata ethanolic extract has emerged as a promising natural resource, exhibiting a spectrum of bioactivities, including potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer properties, and embryonic toxicology study. These findings suggest that its potential utility in pharmaceutical applications is warranted, and further exploration and development are being suggested.
La ignorancia deliberada como categoría dogmática y su relevancia en los delitos contra la integridad sexual y reproductiva de los menores de edad
Authors: Briones Enríquez María de los Ángeles
Published: June 2024

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo establecer a la ignorancia deliberada como categoría dogmática cuyo origen fue en el sistema del derecho común de Inglaterra, para luego tener mayor desarrollo dentro del derecho norteamericano. Posteriormente tiene alcance en España, país que le otorga el nombre de ignorancia deliberada a esta herramienta jurisprudencial novedosa; al menos para los países con sistemas continentales. A pesar de ser objeto de debate respecto al tipo subjetivo que integra, no debe descartarse que la aplicación de esta doctrina en los delitos contra la integridad sexual y reproductiva de los menores de edad, podría ser de gran utilidad para contrarrestar la impunidad que resulta muchas veces de la obtención de pruebas; y de la falta de un argumento sostenible en la acusación. Este proyecto brinda criterios relevantes de esta figura que, en esencia, identifica al sujeto que se beneficia de una situación de desconocimiento para evitar responsabilidad.
La economía creativa desde el marco conceptual a la realidad toluqueña digital en 2023
Authors: Alcudia de la Fuente Daniel Herminio , Méndez Ramírez José Juan
Published: June 2024

En las últimas décadas, la economía creativa ha ganado relevancia en las discusiones sobre desarrollo socioeconómico. Se ha identificado un modelo económico emergente que promete oportunidades para las comunidades al impulsar el empleo y la creación de valor mediante la creatividad y la cultura. No obstante, existe inquietud respecto a la estandarización y comercialización de la cultura que podrían resultar en homogeneización y alienación. Esta realidad es pertinente en contextos locales como Toluca, donde parece que se desconoce el alcance del impacto de estas dinámicas en la sociedad civil. El estudio realizado en Toluca, con un enfoque exploratorio y cuantitativo, utilizó el método hipotético deductivo para recolectar, generar e interpretar datos, y realizar un análisis comparativo con el marco teórico existente con el objetivo de analizar la percepción y la concepción que la población de entre 15 y 44 años en la ciudad de Toluca tiene respecto a su participación en la economía creativa, para comprender cómo este grupo demográfico ha empleado al fenómeno tecno-económico dentro del contexto del individuo conectado a internet en la economía globalizada. Se observó que en Toluca hay un grupo ciudadano que, mediante su ingenio, impulsa la transformación de la economía hacia un modelo donde la creatividad es clave. Al mismo tiempo, evidenció la presencia de estructuras capitalistas que favorecen la concentración de la propiedad y el control sobre los medios de producción, lo que podría limitar la participación en la economía creativa a un grupo selecto, relegando a la mayoría a roles de consumidores pasivos.
Turismo y crecimiento económico en México. Un análisis de la relación causal
Authors: Pérez Figueroa Ulises , Villagómez Méndez Juan , Añorve Fonseca Norberto Noé
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la relación entre el PIB turístico(PIBT) y el PIB nacional(PIBN) utilizando datos anuales de 1993 a 2022. Para verificar el orden de integración de las variables se utilizó el estadístico Dickey-Fuller Aumentada, para la prueba de cointegración se utilizó el procedimiento Engle y Granger y para la prueba de causalidad Vectores Autorregresivos (VAR). Se detectaron tres quiebres estructurales y se introdujeron variables artificiales para los que no pasaron la prueba de Chow. Los resultados señalan una relación bidireccional entre las dos variables, las diferencias en el PIBN responden en 4.74 unidades ante los cambios de una unidad de las diferencias del PIBT. Si bien el PIBT tiene un impacto positivo en el crecimiento económico, éste es relativamente alto y el Mecanismo de Corrección de Errores tiende al equilibrio muy lentamente, la prueba de impulso estímulo-respuesta señala que, ante un choque en el turismo, el PIBN se contrae en tres períodos, pero la recuperación es más fuerte en los siguientes hasta encontrar el equilibrio muy lentamente.
Cartografía social de la migración indocumentada centroaméricana. Rutas, y estrategias migratorias en el corredor migratorio central – Meseta Comiteca Tojolabal-Los Llanos de Chiapas
Authors: De la Torre Hernández Guadalupe de Jesús
Published: June 2024

En el presente artículo, se da cuenta de los flujos migratorios de los centroamericanos que pasan por la ruta de paso del denominado “corredor migratorio Tzimol-Socoltenango”. Se pone a discusión el análisis sobre la existencia de las redes sociales migratorias que se crean entre los migrantes centroamericanos y los chiapanecos, enmarcadas desde un territorio de tránsito. Desde la relación entre la geografía y la antropología se presenta una mirada más o menos completa y exhaustiva del fenómeno migratorio, enfocada en la integración del conocimiento del espacio físico y la acción humana sobre un territorio dado, a lo que se le denomina cartografía social.
La cooperación eficaz: límites y riesgos
Authors: Zaquinaula Iñahuazo Carlos Aurelio
Published: June 2024

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el instituto de la cooperación eficaz, evaluando su efectividad y controversias en el contexto penal. Metodológicamente, el estudio se basa en un análisis doctrinal y legal, revisando la legislación vigente y en la doctrina, para identificar las ventajas y desventajas del uso de este mecanismo. Los principales hallazgos indican que la cooperación eficaz, aunque controversial, es una herramienta valiosa en la lucha contra la criminalidad compleja, permitiendo al Estado obtener pruebas cruciales para el enjuiciamiento penal. Sin embargo, su aplicación enfrenta críticas por considerarse inmoral y contraria a principios constitucionales. A pesar de esto, se reconoce su eficacia para penetrar organizaciones criminales y su potencial para ser aceptada en más países debido a su utilidad. El estudio revela que la legislación ecuatoriana ha definido la cooperación eficaz como una técnica procesal, pero no ha abordado completamente las doctrinas que fundamentan su aplicación, lo que genera ambigüedades sobre la valoración de los datos proporcionados por los delatores. Se concluye que estos problemas pueden ser mitigados mediante fallos judiciales claros y bien estructurados, mejorando la seguridad jurídica y reduciendo el riesgo de impunidad.
Investigating the Behaviour and Strength of Unbonded Pre-tensioned RC Slabs Subject to Flexural Loads
Authors: Abdelhalim Jasmin , Iskander George , Sayed Ahmed Ezzeldin Yazeed
Published: June 2024

Unbonded pre-tensioned systems, in which tendons are greased and wrapped in plastic sheathing, have several benefits in comparison to bonded systems. However, analytical evaluation of their capacity is taxing due to the iterative compatibility conditions necessary to determine the system’s behavior using the empirical equations available in the literature. To investigate the behaviour and strength of unbonded pre-tensioned RC slabs subject to flexural loads, four simply-supported post-tensioned slabs with unbonded tendons were tested in flexure. Experimental failure loads and tendon strains were compared to the ACI 318-19 provisions. While the provisions for unbonded specimens were found to be accurate, the strain in the unbonded tendons exceeded the yield stress in all specimens, suggesting that ACI 318-19’s stress limitations on unbonded post-tensioned concrete are unwarranted. The unbonded system also showed better crack control at the failure stage when non-prestressing steel reinforcement is used when compared to system with no non-prestressing steel.
Practitioner experiences of pulmonary rehabilitation service delivery during COVID-19 and impact on future service delivery
Authors:   University of Plymouth, Sparkes Emily , Fitzgerald Emily , Koppa Jessica , O'Rourke Orla , Perry Emma , Goddard Sian
Published: June 2024

Introduction During COVID-19, pulmonary rehabilitation as we know it ceased to exist. The service needed to adapt rapidly to the requirements of the patient group, while complying with government isolation guidelines. Most groups moved online, but with little time to evaluate the service. What can we learn from this roll out to ensure practitioners continue to deliver a safe and effective pulmonary rehabilitation service. Aim To explore the opinions of physiotherapist and respiratory nursing specialists’ on how pulmonary rehabilitation has changed due to COVID-19 and the impact on future service delivery. Methods A qualitative design was used to gain in-depth understanding of lived experiences. Forty nine participants completed the online survey of 14 open ended questions, and a four-stage thematic analysis used to identify emergent themes. Findings Three main themes were identified- a need for best practice, a need for patient centred care, and acknowledging the emotional stressors of COVID-19 on vulnerable patients. Conclusion Patients should be offered both online and face-to-face options for pulmonary rehabilitation, to promote patient centred care; providing options to participate in effective rehabilitation without physical or emotional restriction; and to increase staff training to enable practitioners to provide the increasingly complex and holistic service required.
An Evaluation of the Demographics, Characteristics and Healthcare Utilisation of People with Asthma Referred to an Ambulatory Respiratory Hub
Authors:   South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Henry Wesley , Hanratty Catherine , Elder Jennifer , Bleakley Chris , O'Neill Brenda
Published: June 2024

Background Asthma is the most treated condition in the Ulster Hospital Ambulatory Respiratory Hub (ARH). This multidisciplinary rapid assessment and treatment centre reviews respiratory patients to prevent hospital admission. This service evaluation (SE) may identify improvements for the service and better outcomes for asthma patients. Aims The demographics, clinical characteristics including biomarker profile and co-morbidities, alongside subsequent healthcare utilisation of patients with asthma were explored. Method Retrospective review of electronic healthcare records identified 151 patients with asthma attending the ARH between 1st July 2019 and 31st Dec 2019. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities and asthma biomarkers were extracted. Patients were characterised according to their T2-biomarker expression and comparisons made. Healthcare utilisation was assessed by collecting data regarding hospital admissions, emergency department attendances and GP out of hours visits 6 months before and after attending the service. Results Most patients with asthma were female (73.5%), T2- biomarker low (74.2%) and had a high prevalence of obesity (49%). Prevalent comorbidities included rhinosinusitis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, depression and anxiety. Investigations included spirometry, chest x-ray and asthma biomarkers (fraction of exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophil count). Hospital admissions were reduced by 93%, ED attendances by 83.4% and GP OOH visits by 71.4% during the 6-month period following attendance. Conclusions The identification and management of common asthma comorbidities is important and should be routinely assessed. The ARH reduces healthcare utilisation for patients attending with asthma. It could provide additional support to the regional service enabling quicker access to biologic therapies.
Adverse effects of Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation in Mechanically Ventilated Patients in the Adult Intensive Care Unit - A Literature Review
Authors:   University of the West of England Bristol, Hubbard Debbie , Wtts C , Wong K , Stent L , Swingwood Ema
Published: June 2024

Introduction Mechanical ventilation via an artificial airway can impede cough, predisposing the critically ill patient to retained secretions and an increased risk of respiratory complications. Physiotherapeutic techniques aimed at mobilising secretions and optimising airway clearance are often relied upon in this cohort. Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation (MI-E) is a cough augmentation device that utilises positive pressure, followed by a rapid switch to negative pressure, to simulate a cough and aid sputum clearance from proximal airways. To date, MI-E has been widely researched in the neuromuscular population, with emerging use in the critically ill. However, adverse effects associated with MI-E in intubated populations remains unknown. The aim of this review was to report on the incidence of adverse events associated with MI-E in acutely invasively ventilated critically ill patients. Methods An electronic search of online databases was conducted using AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscuss and Web of Science. Additionally, the reference lists of relevant articles were hand searched for eligible studies. Studies including adult subjects (>18 years) who were invasively ventilated and receiving MI-E were deemed eligible for inclusion. The outcome of interest was adverse events. Studies were excluded if they were in a paediatric population, not written in English language and were editorials or conference papers. Quality was assessed using the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme tool. Results A total 77 citations were identified, five of which met the inclusion criteria: three randomised crossover studies, one randomised parallel-group open label trial and one case series (278 participants in total). All studies applied MI-E followed by endotracheal or tracheal suction. Insufflation and exsufflation pressures ranged from +30 to +50cmH2O and -30 to -50cmH2O across studies. Only two studies pre-defined an adverse event. Common reported measures included heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturations. Two studies reported the occurrence of an adverse event (oxygen saturations, blood pressure and heart rate changes) but noted that changes were transient and not clinically significant. Overall, all studies concluded that MI-E was a safe intervention in this patient cohort. Conclusion Overall, the use of MI-E in the acutely intubated patient does not result in adverse events that are clinically significant. However, limitations to the evidence base should be acknowledged and include a lack of definition and variation in outcome measures used and small sample sizes across studies. Larger clinical trials are needed, to further evaluate the safety of MI-E on clinically important parameters that are more clearly defined.
An observational study to evaluate the within-day reliability and concurrent validity of 2-minute walk test (2MWT) and 10-metere walk test (10MWT) in health individuals wearing a mask
Authors:   Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Wang Lu , Wan Lei , Qin Yue , Gale Nichola
Published: June 2024

Background Exercise tests are widely used to prescribe exercises for patients with cardiorespiratory conditions and assess impact of treatments. The 2-minute walk test (2MWT) and 10-metre walk test (10MWT) are common assessments of functional exercise capacity. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in people wearing masks (commonly surgical masks) to reduce infection. However, the validity and reliability of 2MWT and 10MWT wearing a mask is unknown and further research is required. Aim To assess the within-day reliability and concurrent validity of the 2MWT and 10MWT in healthy individuals wearing a surgical mask. Design and Setting Observational study, in a university setting Methods All participants completed three tests of 2MWT and 10MWT wearing a surgical mask (on one day) and one test without a mask (on a separate day) within one week. Oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured using pulse oximetry and the Borg scale assessed dyspnoea. Statistical analyses included: intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for within-day reliability of mask-wearing during three tests and Pearson’s coefficient for concurrent validity correlated tests with a surgical mask and without a mask (the gold standard). Results 15 people, mean (standard deviation) age 26 (2) years were included. The 2MWT and 10MWT (with mask) had excellent within-day reliability (ICC =0.823, 0.920 respectively). Both the 2MWT and 10MWT with and without a mask were highly correlated (r = 0.815, 0.943 respectively, p<0.01). Conclusions The results showed excellent within-day reliability and concurrent validity of 2MWT and 10MWT with a surgical mask in healthy individuals. Further research in clinical populations is needed.
Seroprevalencia de virus BK en donadores y receptores de trasplante renal.
Authors: Portilla Jimenez Andrea , Parra Avila Idalia , Rosado Canto Rodrigo , Marino Sánchez Roberto , Cruz Rivera Cristino , Cohen-Bucay Abraham , Reyes Macedo Montserrat , Cárdenas Mastrascusa Laura , Uribe-Uribe Norma , Alberú Josefina , Morales- Buenrostro Luis E.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: BK virus (BKV) is highly prevalent in the general population, in renal transplant (RT) patients it is the main cause of infectious tubulointerstitial nephritis, leading to graft dysfunction or loss. The seroprevalence in the Mexican population is unknown. The present study seeks to establish the seroprevalence of VBK in renal donors and recipients in the Mexican adult population.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán in Mexico City in the period June 2017, April 2018. Seroprevalence prior to renal transplantation was evaluated through qualitative BK-IgG ELISA (MyBioSource Inc, San Diego, CA), in donors and recipients of RT.
Results: Qualitative measurement of IgG for BK virus by ELISA method was performed in 80 donors and 88 renal recipients. The seroprevalence in donors was 56.3% (95%CI, 45%-67%), while in recipients it was 45.5% (95%CI, 35%-56%). None of the variables analyzed showed an association with increased risk of seropositivity for BKV in either recipients or donors.
Conclusion: The seroprevalence of BKV in our center was lower than expected for a developing country, having a sufficient sample size to extrapolate it to the Mexican population.
Analysis of the introduction of an athlete's electronic passport in the Russian Federation
Authors: Davydova E. Y. , Buzina S. R.
Published: June 2024

The development of digital technologies, in the current reality, is present in almost all spheres of life. Sports are not an exception. The electronic sports passport appeared in the early 2000s. Initially, it was presented as a database on a computer database, then it became available as a mobile application. Nowadays, an electronic sports passport has become an integral part of the lives of many professional athletes and sports enthusiasts. It helps to improve results, monitor workouts and monitor progress.

An electronic sports passport can be used to confirm an athlete's qualifications and gain access to competitions. It contains information about sports achievements, results, performance statistics, as well as various events and events in which the athlete has participated. A passport can also be useful for tracking an athlete's progress and identifying his strengths and weaknesses. It is usually conducted by sports federations and organizations to control and regulate sports competitions.

The advantage of an electronic passport is its ease of use, the ability to store and transfer data about sports achievements, as well as access to various resources and events. The disadvantages are the possibility of hacking and leakage of the athlete's personal data, difficulties that may arise with the compatibility of different electronic passport systems and the need for software updates.

The article discusses the types of electronic passports of athletes, conducted a survey among professional athletes about the availability, convenience and necessity of an electronic passport of an athlete in our time. Based on the data obtained, an analysis of the results was carried out, on the basis of which recommendations were proposed.
Xylomoia strix Mikkola, 1980 en Polonia con comentarios sobre su biología y ecología (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Nowacki J. , Palka K.
Published: June 2024

Se describe la distribución de Xylomoia strix Mikkola, 1980 en algunas nuevas localidades del este de Polonia. También se incluye la biología de la especie y sus requerimientos ecológicos.
Aethes shakibai Huemer & Wieser, 2004 una nueva especie de tortrícido para la fauna europea, con descripción de una nueva subespecie de Crimea y la costa del Mar de Azov (Ucrania) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Budashkin Yu. , Bidzilya* O.
Published: June 2024

Se describe Aethes shakibai sivashella Budashkin & Bidzilya, ssp. n., basada sobre 30 machos y 3 hembras del este de Crimea y de la costa del mar de Azov (Ucrania). De la nueva subespecie se ilustra la apariencia externa del adulto, genitalia y su hábitat. El material tipo de la nueva subespecie se deposita en la colección de la Reserva Natural de Karadagh y en la colección del Museo Zoológico de Kiev Universidad Nacional Taras Shevchenko.