bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le château de Cormatin. Nouvelles recherches
Authors: Berrada Tarek
Published: June 2013

Das Schloß von Cormatin. Neue Forschungen, von Tarek Berrada

Diese Studie bietet eine Rekonstruktion der Baugeschichte des Schlosses von Cormatin (Saone-et-Loire), ausgehend von neuen Forschungen und einer Synthese der bisher publizierten Studien.

Antoine du Blé modernisierte sein Schloss, indem er nacheinander einen neuen Südflügel (1606-1612) und einen Wirtschaftshof (1613-1618) bauen ließ, letzterer vollendet von seinem Sohn. Nach dem Tode seines Vaters unternahm Jacques du Blé mit Hilfe des Architekten Jacques Gentillâtre den Bau des Westflügels und des vorderen Nordpavillons (1621-1622). Der Architekt Jean Braconnier, der 1622 engagiert wurde, vollendete den nördlichen Haupttrakt, der ein großes Treppenhaus mit vier Kernen enthielt, wovon der Bauvertrag wiedergefunden wurde.

Die Rekonstruktion der Verteilung der Räume und der Möblierung des Schlosses, gestützt auf das 1642 nach dem Ableben der Gattin von Jacques du Blé erstellte Inventar, erlaubt es uns, den Gesamteindruck des Gebäudes wieder herzustellen, der durch die Teilzerstörung des Haupttraktes im 19. Jahrhundert empfindlich gestört worden war. Es war nämlich in diesem Feil, wo sich die Prunkfunktionen konzentrierten, oder wenigstens die Räume, die am deutlichsten großen Empfängen gewidmet waren, und zweifellos auch die dauerhaften Wohngemächer der Herrschaften.
Emiland-Marie Gauthey à l'église de Givry. L'ambition architecturale des Ponts et Chaussées au siècle des Lumières
Authors: Ponsot Patrick
Published: June 2013

Émiland-Marie Gauthey in der Kirche von Givry. Die architektonischen Ambitionen der Verwaltung der Briicken und Strafien (Ponts et Chaussées) im Jahrhundert der Aujklarung, von Patrick Ponsot

Die Kirche von Givry (Saône-et-Loire) wurde zwischen 1772 und 1791 unter der Leitung des Ingénieurs Emiland-Marie Gauthey erbaut. Seit seiner Errichtung hat das Bauwerk die Betrachter erstaunt. Durch seine Dimensionen, den ausgeklùgelten geometrischen Steinschnitt seiner Gewôlbe, die kiihne Modernitàt seines Aurrisses. Dennoch ist es in Vergessenheit geraten, bis dass Jacques Guillerme es in der Affaire um die Vollendung der Pariser Kirche Sainte-Geneviève als Beispiel anfûhrte : Givry, das Werk eines Ingénieurs, hat damais nur dazu gedient, die Konstruierbarkeit der Kuppel von Soufflot zu belegen. Es ist wahrscheinlich dièse karrierebezogene Nutzbarmachung von Givry durch Gauthey, die ein Interesse an seiner Architektur verhindert hat. Die Rùckkehr zu den Dokumenten und eine Befragung der Quellen lassen eine ganz andere ursprûngliche Ambition erkennen, eine Art enzyklopadischer Versuch. Ein mindestens paradoxes Ergebnis der Kunstschule von Blondel, die damais ciie Ingenieure der «Ponts et Chaussées» in die Architektur einfùhrte.
Development of microsatellite loci in Artocarpus altilis (Moraceae) and cross‐amplification in congeneric species
Authors: Witherup Colby , Ragone Diane , Wiesner‐Hanks Tyr , Irish Brian , Scheffler Brian , Simpson Sheron , Zee Francis , Zuberi M. Iqbal , Zerega Nyree J. C.
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from enriched genomic libraries of Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) and tested in four Artocarpus species and one hybrid. The microsatellite markers provide new tools for further studies in Artocarpus.

• Methods and Results: A total of 25 microsatellite loci were evaluated across four Artocarpus species and one hybrid. Twenty‐one microsatellite loci were evaluated on A. altilis (241), A. camansi (34), A. mariannensis (15), and A. altilis × mariannensis (64) samples. Nine of those loci plus four additional loci were evaluated on A. heterophyllus (jackfruit, 426) samples. All loci are polymorphic for at least one species. The average number of alleles ranges from two to nine within taxa.

• Conclusions: These microsatellite primers will facilitate further studies on the genetic structure and evolutionary and domestication history of Artocarpus species. They will aid in cultivar identification and establishing germplasm conservation strategies for breadfruit and jackfruit.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Shorea platyclados (Dipterocarpaceae)
Authors: Ng Chin Hong , Lee Chai Ting , Lee Soon Leong , Tnah Lee Hong , Ng Kevin Kit Siong
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized in Shorea platyclados (Dipterocarpaceae) for DNA profiling and genetic diversity assessment of this tropical timber species.

• Methods and Results: Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and characterized in S. platyclados using a genomic library enriched for dinucleotide (CT) repeats. The primers amplified dinucleotide repeats with 3–14 alleles per locus across four natural populations. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.292 to 1.000 and from 0.301 to 0.894, respectively. No significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was detected in the 15 loci. Four loci pairs displayed linkage disequilibrium.

• Conclusions: These highly polymorphic markers are adequate for DNA profiling and studies of population genetics in S. platyclados.
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of N-arylated carbazoles using anilines and cyclic diaryliodonium salts
Authors: Riedmüller Stefan , Nachtsheim Boris J
Published: June 2013

The direct synthesis of N-arylated carbazoles through a palladium-catalyzed amination of cyclic iodonium salts with anilines is described. In particular, electron-poor aniline derivatives reacted smoothly with only 5 mol % of Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst to give the desired products in up to 71% yield. Furthermore, the reactivity of cyclic iodonium salts is compared with the reactivity of the corresponding cyclic bromonium analogues.
ERRATUM ON THE ARTICLE ‘POSITIVE SOLUTIONS FOR SINGULAR SYSTEMS OF HIGHER-ORDER MULTI-POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS’ (DOI: 10.3846/13926292.2013.804009)
Authors: Henderson Johnny , Luca Rodica
Published: June 2013

"Erratum on the article ‘Positive solutions for singular systems of higher-order multi-point boundary value problems ’ (doi: 10.3846/13926292.2013.804009)." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis, 18(3), p. 461
Epidemiological Update of Hepatitis B, C and Delta in Latin America
Authors: Alvarado-Mora Mónica V , Pinho João R Rebello
Published: June 2013

Viral hepatitis B, C and delta still remain a serious problem in Latin America. Data from the 1980s indicated that HBV and HDV infection are the main causes of chronic hepatitis. However, the spread of HBV infection could be controlled through the implementation of immunization programmes. Different countries from Mexico to Argentina display marked differences in terms of HBV genotype distribution. HBV genotype F has been identified as the most frequent in most Latin America countries, except for Mexico and Brazil, where genotypes H and A are the most frequent, respectively. In Latin America, the overall prevalence of HCV antibody is estimated to be 1.5%. Latin American countries have been very proactive in screening their blood supplies, thus minimizing risk of HCV transmission through transfusion. The number of diagnosed and treated patients is still low, thereby increasing the burden of complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The most prevalent HCV genotype is 1, which is the genotype with the greatest worldwide spread, but it is a different genotype from other regions like Africa and Asia. HDV is present worldwide but its distribution pattern is not uniform. HDV was recently detected in novel geographic regions, reinforcing that it is a very serious health threat in under-developed countries. The main prevalence areas are the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, central and northern Asia, western and central Africa, the Amazonian basin (Brazil, Peru, Venezuela and Colombia) and the Pacific islands. Novel strategies to increase HBV immunization in the Latin American population are needed to warrant thorough coverage in the rural areas.
Distribution of Viral Hepatitis in Indigenous Populations of North America and the Circumpolar Arctic
Authors: Osiowy Carla , Brenna C , Rempel Julia D
Published: June 2013

The burden of viral hepatitis among indigenous populations of the United States, Canada and Greenland is greater than in non-indigenous populations. In particular, throughout the circumpolar Arctic regions, chronic hepatitis B infection is highly prevalent, although incidence rates have declined considerably in certain regions due to infant HBV vaccination. Unique HBV (sub)genotypes having distinct clinical outcomes and distribution patterns are also observed within this region. In conjunction with hepatitis B infection, hepatitis delta infection is also apparent within North American indigenous peoples, particularly with outbreaks in Greenlandic Inuit communities. Incidence rates for hepatitis C infection are higher for indigenous populations within the United States and Canada; however, some hepatitis C antibody-positive indigenous patients are more likely to be HCV RNA-negative compared to non-indigenous patients. Thus, an increased understanding of the epidemiology, clinical consequences and pathogenicity of viral hepatitis affecting the indigenous populations will help to address and balance the burden of infection.
Distribution of HBV Genotypes in Latin America
Authors: Alvarado-Mora Mónica V , Pinho João R Rebello
Published: June 2013

Approximately 2 billion people worldwide are infected with HBV, and 350 million people are chronic carriers. HBV is classified into nine genotypes (A to I). Genotype F is the most prevalent in the Spanish-speaking countries and in the Amerindian population in South America. HBV genotype F was primarily found in indigenous populations from South America and is divided into four subgenotypes (F1 to F4). Subgenotype F1 is further divided into F1a (found in Costa Rica and El Salvador) and F1b (found in in Alaska, Argentina and Chile). Subgenotypes F2 and F3 cocirculate in the north of South America: F2a is found in Brazil and Venezuela, F2b is described only in Venezuela, F3 is frequent in Colombia, Venezuela and Panama, and F4 is reported from the central and south areas of South America, including Bolivia, Argentina and southern Brazil. HBV genotypes and subgenotypes have distinct geographical distributions. It is currently under discussion whether they are associated with different prognoses, considering the patterns of severity of liver diseases in various populations. Furthermore, global human migrations affect the pattern of genotype distribution, introducing genotypes differing from those found in the original inhabitants.
Evolutionary Rates and Hbv: Issues of Rate Estimation with Bayesian Molecular Methods
Authors: Bouckaert Remco , Alvarado-Mora Mónica V , Pinho João R Rebello
Published: June 2013

Background

HBV infection is a public health problem affecting approximately 2 billion people and leading to >350 million chronic carriers of the virus worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis can give valuable insight to help in clarifying the history of viral infections around the world and in elucidating routes of transmission of the different viral strains present in the infected host population. These analyses rely on an accurate estimate of the rate of mutations.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the robustness of rate estimations based on Bayesian analysis obtained so far and examined, in particular, the choice of prior for the substitution rate.

Results

Most previous studies have concentrated on estimating the parameters of simple demographic models for HBV, such as exponential growth and constant population size. Here, we introduce a method that automatically partitions the genome in components that show a different rate of mutation and fit different substitution models.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we find that, due to inaccuracy in the sampling dates from the samples where viral sequences were obtained, lack of a sufficiently large geographical and time spread of available and trustworthy sample dates, sensitivity to priors and model misspecification and rate estimation based on molecular methods, are not reliable. We suggest that rate estimates taking into account calibration points based on relevant historical events are more robust due to the lack of trustworthy sampling dates. For example, the known history of colonization of the Americas should be used to accurately study the current diversity of genotype F, which is the most frequent genotype in almost all Spanish speaking countries in South America.
Subgenotype A1 of HBV – Tracing Human Migrations in and Out of Africa
Authors: Kramvis Anna , Paraskevis Dimitrios
Published: June 2013

Background

HBV subgenotype A1 is the dominant genotype A strain in Africa, with molecular characteristics differentiating it from A2, which prevails elsewhere. Outside Africa, A1 is confined to areas with migration history from Africa, including India and Latin America. The aim of this study was to reconstruct A1 phylogeny on a spatial scale in order to determine whether A1 can be used to track human migrations.

Methods

A phylogenetic comparison of A1 was established using neighbour-joining analysis of complete genomes, and the Bayesian method, implemented in BEAST, was performed on the S region of isolates from 22 countries. Migration events were estimated by ancestral state reconstruction using the criterion of parsimony.

Results

From the tree reconstruction, nucleotide divergence calculations and migration analysis, it was evident that Africa was the source of dispersal of A1 globally, and its dispersal to Asia and Latin America occurred at a similar time period. Strains from South Africa were the most divergent, clustering in both the African and Asian/American clades and a South African subclade was the origin of A1. The effect of the 9th to 19th century trade and slave routes on the dispersal of A1 was evident and certain unexpected findings, such as the co-clustering of Somalian and Latin American strains, and the dispersal of A1 from India to Haiti, correlated with historical evidence.

Conclusions

Phylogeographic analyses of subgenotype A1 can be used to trace human migrations in and out of Africa and the plausible sites of origin and migration routes are presented.
Régularisation sur fond de dérégulation
Authors: Brun François
Published: June 2013

La régularisation des personnes immigrées dont la présence sur le territoire est jugée illégale est-elle une mesure de gauche ? On pourrait le penser au regard des circulaires de régularisation publiées depuis 1981, quasi toutes prises sous un gouvernement de gauche. Mais à quel prix pour les immigrés et avec quel contrepoids dans la balance ? Une plus grande fermeté vis-à-vis des entrants ? Une plus grande précarisation des non régularisés dont on profite néanmoins du travail ?
Rendez-vous manqué avec « les beurs »
Authors: Masclet Olivier
Published: June 2013

Si nombre d’immigrés et plus encore de leurs enfants se sont engagés dans des associations en France, la Marche pour l’égalité et contre le racisme leur a donné une visibilité saluée par l’ensemble des organisations – syndicales et politiques – de gauche. Mais leur ont-elles pour autant ouvert leurs portes ou créé les conditions d’une égalité d’accès aux postes politiques ? 30 ans après la Marche, la question reste ouverte.
La justice au hasard de quelques raisons juridiques de supprimer les jurys populaires
Authors: Barraud Boris
Published: June 2013

Si le bien-fondé de la présence de jurés populaires parmi les cours d’assises – et, plus généralement, au cœur des rouages de la justice – semble de prime abord indiscuté et indiscutable, qui s’attarde quelques instants sur la question comprend combien il s’agit en réalité d’une parfaite illusion d’optique. Un juge, dès lors qu’il a apporté la preuve de son indépendance et de sa compétence, profite d’une toute autre légitimité qu’un citoyen tiré au sort dans le melting-pot populaire ; car le tirage au sort ne possède rien de commun avec la démocratie. Partant, discuter l’utilité et l’efficacité des jurys ne relève nullement d’un acte de subversion, c’est faire preuve de réalisme et d’objectivité. Rendre la justice est une affaire suffisamment sérieuse pour ne pas être abandonnée aux mains maladroites du hasard. Ces quelques pages s’en vont le démontrer.
La cooperación africana con la Corte Penal Internacional. Evaluación del cumplimiento de las órdenes de arresto y comparencia
Authors: Martínez Guerra Amparo
Published: June 2013

Cet article traite de l’engagement des Etats africains parties et non parties à la CPI. L’élément clé de cette étude porte sur le respect des mandats d’arrêt et des citations à comparaître devant la Cour. Afin d’évaluer l’étendue du respect de ces règles, l’article prend en compte les conditions préalables et relatives à la compétence de la Cour, la nature du conflit, les contraintes politiques et sociales ainsi que le rôle et les initiatives d’autres acteurs internationaux qui, dans certains cas, peuvent entraver la compétence de la Cour.
Les premières pensées métaphysiques de Bovelles en 1504, annonciatrices du Livre du sage
Authors: Faye Emmanuel
Published: June 2013

Bien que les traités de Charles de Bovelles de 1511, qui comprennent le Livre du sage , ne mentionnent pas la métaphysique dans leur titre, ses écrits antérieurs de l’année 1504 portent explicitement sur des questions métaphysiques. En outre, nous pouvons observer une continuité évidente entre ces premières pensées et les écrits ultérieurs du volume de 1511. Dans cette perspective, nous publions ici pour la première fois la traduction française, avec l’original latin, du chapitre 7 de l’ Introduction métaphysique , et du chapitre 5 de l’ Opuscule des notions communes qui regardent la métaphysique .
L'inquiétude dans les Pensées de Pascal
Authors: Duclos Alexandre
Published: June 2013

Il a souvent été remarqué que Pascal produit une pensée inquiétante de la condition humaine, mais plus rarement qu’il est aussi et surtout un penseur fondamental de l’inquiétude en elle-même. À partir d’une étude systématique de cette dernière notion dans les Pensées, nous voulons montrer qu’elle admet plusieurs visages mais aussi plusieurs usages sous la plume de l’apologiste. Si elle manifeste toute la misère de l’homme dans la réflexion anthropologique, l’inquiétude fonctionne également comme un outil apologétique et rhétorique visant à toucher le lecteur. Enfin, Pascal prescrit le modèle d’une saine inquiétude spirituelle, lui conférant un rôle normatif et régulateur dans la conversion. Nous défendons ainsi que l’inquiétude livre le cœur de la vision pascalienne de l’homme, mais qu’elle figure surtout le seul chemin possible pour se tourner vers Dieu.
Bolzano et Hegel
Authors: Pégny Gaëtan
Published: June 2013

L’allergie de Bolzano à l’œuvre de Hegel est un fait souligné dans presque toutes les présentations de sa pensée. Pourtant, conformément à son éthique intellectuelle, il a tenté de se familiariser avec cette philosophie qu’il rejetait plus que toute autre. Il a même, tardivement, reconnu qu’il pouvait s’y trouver des propositions justes. Afin d’affiner la compréhension de la relation de Bolzano à Hegel, on se propose ici de reconstruire la polémique des Trois essais sur Hegel en montrant qu’elle recoupe bien des formes d’anti-hégélianisme devenues canoniques (la critique de la philosophie de l’histoire notamment), mais dans un contexte qui lui est propre et la spécifie. Dans un second temps, on reviendra sur les divergences philosophiques à l’origine de la nécessité pour Bolzano de critiquer un auteur et ses disciples, dans lesquels il voit une forme de régression intellectuelle et sociale, divergences qui imposent et orientent une lecture. Ces divergences sur la compréhension du rôle du langage et de la philosophie, du rapport des représentations au réel, ou sur la définition de l’infini, sont sous-jacentes à la polémique des Trois essais , mais on doit en chercher la formulation dans le reste du corpus bolzanien.
La crise de la phénoménologie – Intuition, spéculation, spectralisation
Authors: Vioulac Jean
Published: June 2013

Deux principes phénoménologiques s’opposent : l’un qui réduit tout donné au pôle singulier de la subjectivité vivante (Husserl), l’autre qui le réduit au pôle universel du concept (Hegel), et cette opposition définit la crise de la modernité occidentale. La revendication du sujet à la plénitude du sens impose donc une prise de position par rapport à tout le destin de la métaphysique occidentale : la subjectivité ne peut être posée comme source de droit que si est frappé d’illégitimité l’objectivisme en tant que tel. Mais cette critique de l’autonomie formelle de la rationalité se heurte elle-même à son effectivité dans un dispositif qui est accomplissement de la métaphysique. À la fondation de droit de tout phénomène sur la subjectivité vivante s’oppose donc sa fondation de fait sur la logique spéculative de l’autoeffectuation du concept : c’est-à-dire le dispositif capitaliste de production (Marx). Dès lors, il s’agit de se confronter au régime de phénoménalité propre à ce dispositif spéculatif : il s’avère alors que le capitalisme induit une crise de la phénoménalité elle-même, produite comme spectralité (Derrida) dans l’horizon du spectacle (Debord).
De la difficulté à entrer en contact
Authors: Breviglieri Marc
Published: June 2013

L’observation du travail d’intervention d’urgence sociale auprès des populations sans-abri les plus défaites permet d’ouvrir des perspectives de recherche sur la réticence à adhérer à la relation d’aide et de soin. Un ensemble de pratiques professionnelles se mettent en jeu pour mobiliser un espace sensoriel, permettre l’expérience du contact relationnel, engager enfin une atmosphère institutionnelle qui déploie son propre espace de rationalité sans toutefois pouvoir s’extraire de ce que lui impose l’ambiance urbaine.
Reciprocal Relationship between Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and T Cells
Authors: Nagaraj Srinivas , Youn Je-In , Gabrilovich Dmitry I.
Published: June 2013

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells that play a major role in the regulation of immune responses in many pathological conditions. These cells have a common myeloid origin, relatively immature state, common genetic and biochemical profiles, and, most importantly, the ability to inhibit immune responses. Although initial studies of MDSCs were almost exclusively performed in tumor-bearing mice or cancer patients, in recent years, it became clear that MDSCs play a critical role in the regulation of different types of inflammation that are not directly associated with cancer. In this review we discuss the nature of the complex relationship between MDSCs and the different populations of CD4+ T cells.
Book review: Ziekten van vissen, schaal-, en schelpdieren, van belang voor de Nederlandse aquacultuur
Authors: Huchzermeyer Karl D.A.
Published: June 2013

How to cite this book review: How to cite this book review: Huchzermeyer K.D.A., 2013, ‘Book review: Ziekten van vissen, schaal-, en schelpdieren, van belang voor de Nederlandse aquacultuur’84(1), Art. #1016, 1 page.http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v84i1.1016
Awareness of, responsiveness to and practice of patients’ rights at Uganda’s national referral hospital
Authors: Kagoya Harriet R. , Kibuule Dan , Mitonga-Kabwebwe Honoré , Ekirapa-Kiracho Elizabeth , Ssempebwa John C.
Published: June 2013

Background: The realisation of patients’ rights in resource-constrained and patient-burdened public health care settings in Uganda remains an obstacle towards quality health care delivery, health care seeking behaviour and health outcomes. Although the Uganda Patients’ Charter of 2009 empowers patients to demand quality care, inequitable access and abuse remain common. Aim: The study aimed to assess level of awareness of, responsiveness to and practice of patients’ rights amongst patients and health workers (HWs) at Uganda’s national referral hospital, Mulago Hospital in Kampala. Methods: A three-phase cross-sectional questionnaire-based descriptive survey was conducted amongst 211 patients, 98 HWs and 16 key informants using qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The study was conducted in May–June 2012, 2.5 years after the launch of the Uganda Patients’ Charter. Results: At least 36.5% of patients faced a challenge regarding their rights whilst seeking health care. Most of the patients (79%) who met a challenge never attempted to demand their rights. Most patients (81.5%) and HWs (69.4%) had never heard of the Uganda Patients’ Charter. Awareness of patients’ rights was significantly higher amongst HWs (70%) than patients (40%) (p < 0.01). Patients’ awareness was associated with education level (x2 = 42.4,p < 0.001), employment status (x2 = 33.6, p < 0.001) and hospital visits (x2 = 3.9, p = 0.048). For HWs it was associated with education level (x2 = 155.6, p < 0.001) and length of service (x2 = 154.5, p <0.001).Patients feel powerless to negotiate for their rights and fear being discriminated against based on their ability to bribe HWs with money to access care, and political, socio-economic and tribal status. Conclusion and recommendations: Awareness of, responsiveness to and practice of patients’ rights remains limited at Mulago Hospital. There is a need for urgent implementation of an integrated multilevel, multichannel, patient-centred approach that incorporates social services and addresses intrinsic patient, HW and health system factors to strengthen patients’ rights issues at the hospital.
An observational study of complications in chickenpox with special reference to unusual complications in an apex infectious disease hospital, Kolkata, India
Authors: Kole AK , Roy R , Kole DC
Published: June 2013

Background:

Chickenpox can cause serious complications and even death in persons without any risk factors.

Aims:

To observe the different complications with special reference to unusual complications of chickenpox and their outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a prospective observational study where 300 patients suffering from chickenpox were evaluated with special reference to unusual complications and outcomes.

Results:

The usual complications of chickenpox commonly observed were acute hepatitis in 30 (10%) and cerebellar ataxia in 22 patients (7.3%), whereas common unusual complications were acute pancreatitis in 45 (15%), hemorrhagic rash in 10 (3.3%), Guillain-Barrι syndrome in 4 (1.3%), disseminated intravascular coagulation in 4 (1.3%), necrotizing fasciitis in 4 (1.3%), and acute renal failure in 3 patients (1%). It had been observed that most of these unusual complications occurred in patients without any risk factor. A total of 18 patients (6%) died in this study and of them 12 patients (4%) died due to unusual complications.

Conclusions:

Compulsory childhood varicella vaccination including vaccination of risk groups and susceptible individuals are all essential to reduce the incidence of chickenpox, associated complications, and subsequent death.
HIV counseling and testing in a tertiary care hospital in Ganjam district, Odisha, India
Authors: Dash M , Padhi S , Sahu S , Mohanty I , Panda P , Parida B , Sahoo MK
Published: June 2013

Background:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing (HCT) conducted at integrated counseling and testing centers (ICTCs) is an entry point, cost-effective intervention in preventing transmission of HIV.

Objectives:

To study the prevalence of HIV among ICTC attendees, sociodemographic characteristics, and risk behaviors of HIV-seropositive clients.

Materials and Methods:

It was hospital record-based cross-sectional study of 26,518 registered ICTC clients at a tertiary care hospital in Ganjam district, Odisha, India over a 4-year period from January 2009 to September 2012.

Results:

A total of 1732 (7.5%) out of 22,897 who were tested for HIV were seropositive. Among HIV-seropositives, 1138 (65.7%) were males, while 594 (34.3%) were females. Majority (88.3%) of seropositives were between the age group of 15-49 years. Client-initiated HIV testing (12.1%) was more seropositive compared to provider-initiated (2.9%). Among discordant couples, majority (95.5%) were male partner/husband positive and female partner/wife negative. Positives were more amongst married, less educated, low socioeconomic status, and outmigrants (P<0.0001). Risk factors included heterosexual promiscuous (89.3%), parent-to-child transmission 5.8%, unknown 3.1%, infected blood transfusion 0.8%, homosexual 0.5%, and infected needles (0.5%).

Conclusions:

There is need to encourage activities that promote HCT in all health facilities. This will increase the diagnosis of new HIV cases. The data generated in ICTC provide an important clue to understand the epidemiology in a particular geographic region and local planning for care and treatment of those infected with HIV and preventive strategies for those at risk especially married, young adults, and outmigrants to reduce new infections.
Transcription activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 metalloproteinase genes and their tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) in acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Dabek J , Glogowska-Ligus J , Szadorska B
Published: June 2013

Background:

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are a consequence of coronary vessel atherosclerosis and they are a leading cause of death in industrialized countries. One of the ACS causative factors is the deranged ratio equilibrium of the matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (MMPs/TIMPs).

Aims:

Assessment of transcriptional activity of metalloproteinase genes using Human Genome-U133A oligonucleotide microarrays and selection of candidate genes differentiating ACS patients from healthy subjects and finally, QRT-PCR (quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction) confirmation of the results.

Settings and Design:

The study involved 67 ACS patients, admitted on a consecutive basis, to the Cardiology Clinic as well as 24 healthy subjects (control).

Materials and Methods:

Ribonucleic acid isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed by QRT-PCR. Transcriptional activity of the analyzed gene was assessed with TaqMan gene expression assays.

Statistical Analysis:

U Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the results.

Results:

Homogeneity of the investigated group was assessed through hierarchical clusterization whereas the nine genes differentiating ACS patients from healthy persons were selected using the Bland-Altman technique. Among these genes three (platelet derived growth factor D, NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 and peroxisomal biogenesis factor 1) showed decreased transcriptional activity whereas the remaining six genes (MMP-2 and MMP-9, CDK5RAP3, transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 1, adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 and TIMP-2) were increased. MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 were further characterized by QRT-PCR.

Conclusions:

The obtained results permit to conclude that the increased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) is responsible for disturbed equilibrium of the metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitors system and as a consequence, for destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque and occurrence of the acute coronary syndrome in the investigated group of patients.
Changing trends in the management of hypotension following spinal anesthesia in cesarean section
Authors: Mitra JK , Roy J , Bhattacharyya P , Yunus M , Lyngdoh NM
Published: June 2013

Hypotension during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia remains a frequent scenario in obstetric practice. A number of factors play a role in altering the incidence and severity of hypotension. Counteracting aortocaval compression does not significantly prevent hypotension in most singleton pregnancies. Intravenous crystalloid pre-hydration is not very efficient. Thus, the focus has changed toward co-hydration and use of colloids. Among vasopressors, phenylephrine is now established as a first line drug, although there is limited data in high-risk patients. Though ephedrine crosses the placenta more than phenylephrine and can possibly cause alterations in the fetal physiology, it has not been shown to affect the fetal Apgar or neurobehavioral scores.
Acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Joshi P , Manoria P , Joseph D , Gandhi Z
Published: June 2013

Organophosphorus compounds are used as pesticides and represent a common cause of poisoning in developing countries including India due to their widespread availability and use. Toxicity due to these agents can affect many organs including heart. Here, we report a case of acute organophosphorus poisoning (parathion), followed by acute myocardial infarction; documented by clinical features, electrocardiographic changes, and elevated cardiac enzymes. Myocardial infarction has been rarely reported with organophosphorus compounds exposure, thus awareness of this complication can reduce morbidity and mortality.
Immature teratoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses masquerading as bilateral nasal polyposis
Authors: Aggarwal SK , Keshri A , Agarwal P
Published: June 2013

Teratomas are tumors of multipotent cells derived from all three germ cell layers and recapitulate normal organogenesis. Teratomas are hypothesized to arise by misplacement of multipotent germ cells. Teratoma is usually developmental and sometimes congenital neoplasm which displays both solid and cystic components with gross and microscopic differentiation into a wide variety of tissues representative of all three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. We are describing a case which was initially diagnosed as bilateral nasal polyposis clinically but histopathology report came out to be immature teratoma. This case is being reported to make aware all ENT surgeons of such unique presentation of sinonasal teratomas as such presentation of these tumors has not been reported in literature previously, and hence teratomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nasal polyposis in future.
Immigrant Specificity and the Relationship between Trade and Immigration: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Bowen Harry P. , Wu Jennifer Pédussel
Published: June 2013

Studies routinely document that immigrant employment concentrates in non‐traded goods sectors and that many immigrants have low inter‐sectoral mobility. We consider these observed characteristics of immigrant employment with regard to the question of how immigration affects a nation's pattern of production and trade. We model an economy producing three goods; one is non‐traded. Domestic labor and capital are domestically mobile but internationally immobile. Allowing that some new immigrants will become specific to the non‐traded goods sector, the model indicates that the effects of immigration on output and trade depend importantly on the sectoral pattern of employment of both new and existing immigrants. Empirical investigation in a panel data set of OECD countries supports the model's prediction that immigration raises the output of non‐traded goods. Consistent with the model, we also find that immigration and trade are complements. Given its empirical support, the model's implications for immigration policy are then discussed.
Newer Glass Ionomer Cements having Strontium Ions and the Effect of their Release on Acidic Medium
Authors: Farooq Imran , Hassan Umair , Mahdi Sarosh , Ullah Rizwan , Rana Hajra
Published: June 2013

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are mostly used in restorative dentistry. Their efficacy is enhanced as compared to other direct restorative materials because they release various ions like fluoride (F–), strontium (Sr+2) and calcium (Ca+2) when they are exposed to an acidic environment. Newer GICs often have Sr+2 in place of Ca+2 ions as part of their powder component. Both ions (F– and Sr+2) have a synergistic effect on the remineralization process. These elements are not dependent on each other. Either one has an effect on remineralization. A combination of Sr+2 and F– might provide more benefits than either of these elements individually. An attempt has been made in this article to discuss the composition, setting reaction and bonding mechanism of GIC with the tooth surface and to cover the effects of release of Sr+2 and F– ions from GIC on the tooth structure.

How to cite this article

Hassan U, Farooq I, Mahdi S, Ullah R, Rana H. Newer Glass Ionomer Cements having Strontium Ions and the Effect of their Release on Acidic Medium. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(2):57-60.
Infraocclusion Treated with Removable Prosthesis on Occlusal Surface of Severely Attritioned Teeth
Authors: Tasaka Akinori , Ueda Takayuki , Sakurai Kaoru
Published: June 2013

A 66-year-old man visited our department with the chief complaint of poor esthetics due to loss of a fixed partial denture in a maxillary incisor tooth and difficulty in mastication due to an ill-fitting, mandibular removable partial denture. An analysis of the occlusal vertical dimension resulted in a diagnosis of infraocclusion. After increasing vertical dimension with a provisional restoration and treatment denture which covered the attritioned surface, a definitive prosthesis was applied. Untreated loss of molars and severe attrition of the remaining teeth caused infraocclusion in this patient, which increased occlusal loading on the incisor teeth and induced detachment of the prosthesis in the maxillary incisors. Esthetic appearance was improved and masticatory dysfunction restored by increasing vertical dimension and oral rehabilitation. Mildly invasive prosthetic treatment involved application of a removable partial denture which covered the attritioned surface, not only infraocclusion but masticatory dysfunction and poor esthetics were also treated.

How to cite this article

Tasaka A, Ueda T, Sakurai K. Infraocclusion Treated with Removable Prosthesis on Occlusal Surface of Severely Attritioned Teeth. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(2):66-71.
Impact of the vertical emission profiles on background gas-phase pollution simulated from the EMEP emissions over Europe
Authors: Mailler S. , Khvorostyanov D. , Menut L.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Five one-year air quality simulations over a domain covering Europe have been performed using the CHIMERE chemistry transport model and the EMEP emission dataset for Europe. These five simulations differ only by the representation of the effective emission heights for anthropogenic emissions: one has been run using the EMEP standard recommendations, three others with vertical injection profiles derived from the EMEP recommendations but multiplying the injection height by 0.75, 0.50 and 0.25, respectively, while the last one uses vertical profiles derived from the recent literature. It is shown that using injection heights lower than the EMEP recommendations leads to significantly improved simulation of background SO2, NO2 and O3 concentrations when compared to the Airbase station measurements.
An examination of two pathways to tropical cyclogenesis occurring in idealized simulations with a cloud-resolving numerical model
Authors: Nicholls M. E. , Montgomery M. T.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Simulations are conducted with a cloud-resolving numerical model to examine the transformation of a weak incipient mid-level cyclonic vortex into a tropical cyclone. Results demonstrate that two distinct pathways are possible and that development along a particular pathway is sensitive to model physics and initial conditions. One pathway involves a steady increase of the surface winds to tropical cyclone strength as the radius of maximum winds gradually decreases. A notable feature of this evolution is the creation of small-scale lower tropospheric cyclonic vorticity anomalies by deep convective towers and subsequent merger and convergence by the low-level secondary circulation. The second pathway also begins with a strengthening low-level circulation, but eventually a significantly stronger mid-level circulation develops. Cyclogenesis occurs subsequently when a small-scale surface concentrated vortex forms abruptly near the center of the larger-scale circulation. The small-scale vortex is warm core throughout the troposphere and results in a fall in local surface pressure of a few millibars. It usually develops rapidly, undergoing a modest growth to form a small tropical cyclone. Many of the simulated systems approach or reach tropical cyclone strength prior to development of a prominent mid-level vortex so that the subsequent formation of a strong small-scale surface concentrated vortex in these cases could be considered intensification rather than genesis. Experiments are performed to investigate the dependence on the inclusion of the ice phase, radiation, the size and strength of the incipient mid-level vortex, the amount of moisture present in the initial vortex, and the sea surface temperature. Notably, as the sea surface temperature is raised, the likelihood of development along the second pathway is increased. This appears to be related to an increased production of ice. The sensitivity of the pathway taken to model physics and initial conditions revealed by these experiments raise the possibility that the solution to this initial value problem is near a bifurcation point. Future improvements to model parameterizations and more accurate observations of the transformation of disturbances to tropical cyclones should clarify the conditions that favor a particular pathway when starting from a mid-level vortex.
Trend and variability in ozone in the tropical lower stratosphere over 2.5 solar cycles observed by SAGE II and OSIRIS
Authors: Sioris C. E. , McLinden C. A. , Fioletov V. E. , Adams C. , Zawodny J. M. , Bourassa A. E. , Degenstein D. A.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We are able to replicate previously reported decadal trends in the tropical lower stratospheric ozone anomaly based on Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II observations. We have extended the satellite-based ozone anomaly time series to the present (December 2012) by merging SAGE II with OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System) and correcting for the small bias (~0.5%) between them, determined using their temporal overlap of 4 yr. Analysis of the merged dataset (1984–2012) shows a statistically significant negative trend at all altitudes in the 18–25 km range reaching (−6.5 ± 1.8)% decade−1 at 18.5 km, with underlying strong variations due to El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Quasi–Biennial Oscillation, and tropopause height.
Quantifying the contributions of natural emissions to ozone and total fine PM concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Zare A. , Christensen J. H. , Gross A. , Irannejad P. , Glasius M. , Brandt J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Accurate estimates of emissions from natural sources are needed for reliable predictions of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) using air quality models. In this study, the large-scale atmospheric chemistry transport model, DEHM (the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model) is further developed, evaluated and applied to study and quantify the contributions of natural emissions of VOCs, NOx, NH3, SO2, CH4, PM, CO and sea salt to the concentration of ozone and formation of PM2.5 for the year 2006. Natural source categories adopted in the recent model are vegetation, lightning, soils, wild animals and oceans. In this study, the model has been further developed to include more biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and to implement a scheme for secondary organic aerosol as well as an updated description of sea-salt emissions. Our simulations indicate that at Northern Hemisphere the contribution from natural emissions to the average annual ozone concentrations over land is between 4–30 ppbV. Among the natural emissions, BVOCs are found to be the most significant contributors to ozone formation, enhancing the average ozone concentration by about 11% over the land areas of the Northern Hemisphere. The relative contribution of all the natural emissions to ozone is found to be highest in the northern part of South America by about 42%. Similarly, the highest contribution of all the natural sources to total fine particles over land is found to be in South America by about 74% and sea-salt aerosols demonstrated to play the most important role. However, over the rest of regions in the model domain the largest contribution from the natural sources to PM2.5 is due to wildfires. The contribution from natural emissions to the mean PM2.5 concentration over the land areas in the model domain is about 34%.
Improvements to the OMI near UV aerosol algorithm using A-train CALIOP and AIRS observations
Authors: Torres O. , Ahn C. , Chen Z.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The height of desert dust and carbonaceous aerosols layers and, to a lesser extent, the difficulty in determining the predominant size mode of these absorbing aerosol types, are sources of uncertainty in the retrieval of aerosol properties from near UV satellite observations. The availability of independent, near-simultaneous measurements of aerosol layer height, and aerosol-type related parameters derived from observations by other A-train sensors, makes possible the use of this information as input to the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) near UV aerosol retrieval algorithm (OMAERUV). A monthly climatology of aerosol layer height derived from observations by the CALIOP (Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) sensor, and real-time AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) CO observations are used in an upgraded version of the OMAERUV algorithm. AIRS CO measurements are used as a reliable tracer of carbonaceous aerosols, which allows the identification of smoke layers in regions and seasons when the dust-smoke differentiation is difficult in the near-UV. The use of CO measurements also enables the identification of elevated levels of boundary layer pollution undetectable by near UV observations alone. In this paper we discuss the combined use of OMI, CALIOP and AIRS observations for the characterization of aerosol properties, and show an improvement in OMI aerosol retrieval capabilities.
Statistical downscaling of a climate simulation of the last glacial cycle: temperature and precipitation over Northern Europe
Authors: Korhonen N. , Venäläinen A. , Seppä H. , Järvinen H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs) have proven to be able to simulate the large-scale features of glacial-interglacial climate evolution. For many climatic applications the spatial resolution of the EMICs' output is, however, too coarse, and downscaling methods are needed. We used Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) for downscaling the large-scale output of an EMIC. GAMs are regression models in which a combination of explanatory variables are related to the response through a sum of spline functions. We calibrated the GAMs using observations of the recent past climate and the results of short time-slice simulations of glacial climate performed by the relatively high-resolution general circulation model CCSM and the regional climate model RCA3. As explanatory variables we used the output of a simulation by CLIMBER-2 EMIC of the last glacial cycle, coupled with the SICOPOLIS ice sheet model, i.e., the large-scale temperature and precipitation data of CLIMBER-2, and the elevation, distance to ice sheet, slope direction and slope angle from SICOPOLIS. The fitted GAMs were able to explain more than 96% of the temperature response with a correlation of > 0.98 and more than 59% of the precipitation response with a correlation of >0.72. The first comparison with two pollen-based reconstructions of temperature for Northern Europe showed that CLIMBER-2 data downscaled by GAMs corresponded better with the reconstructions than did the bi-linearly interpolated CLIMBER-2 surface temperature.