bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achieving Sendai Framework in Africa: Progress and challenges toward Target E
Authors: Nicodemus Nyandiko , Dennis Otwori
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies are critical for formalizing effective disaster risk reduction. The overall objective of this study was to assess the progress the Africa Union member states are making in developing DRR strategies as required by Target E of the Sendai Framework. The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches where in-depth desk review of DRR strategies and online questionnaires were administered to 53 respondents. The findings show about 68% of the AU member states have national strategies and 35% have sub-national strategies but generally, there is sluggish progress in updating DRR strategies in accordance with Sendai Framework Target E. Weak technical and institutional capacities, inadequate funds, limited decentralization of DRR and poor governance are key challenges hampering their implementation. Governments in Africa and partners should pay immediate attention to accelerate the development of risk-informed strategies to achieve the aspirations of the Sendai Framework.
Review article: A systematic review and future prospects of flood vulnerability indices
Authors: Moreira Luana Lavagnoli , de Brito Mariana Madruga , Kobiyama Masato
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Despite the increasing body of research on flood vulnerability, a review of the methods used in the construction of vulnerability indices is still missing. Here, we address this gap by providing a state-of-art account on flood vulnerability indices, highlighting worldwide trends and future research directions. A total of 95 peer-reviewed articles published between 2002–2019 were systematically analyzed. An exponential rise in research effort is demonstrated, with 80 % of the articles being published since 2015. The majority of these studies (62.1 %) focused on the neighborhood followed by the city scale (14.7 %). Min–max normalization (30.5 %), equal weighting (24.2 %), and linear aggregation (80.0 %) were the most common methods. With regard to the indicators used, a focus was given to socioeconomic aspects (e.g., population density, illiteracy rate, and gender), whilst components associated with the citizen's coping and adaptive capacity were slightly covered. Gaps in current research include a lack of sensitivity and uncertainty analyses (present in only 9.5 % and 3.2 % of papers, respectively), inadequate or inexistent validation of the results (present in 13.7 % of the studies), lack of transparency regarding the rationale for weighting and indicator selection, and use of static approaches, disregarding temporal dynamics. We discuss the challenges associated with these findings for the assessment of flood vulnerability and provide a research agenda for attending to these gaps. Overall, we argue that future research should be more theoretically grounded while, at the same time, considering validation and the dynamic aspects of vulnerability.
Identification of droughts and heatwaves in Germany with regional climate networks
Authors: Schädler Gerd , Breil Marcus
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Regional climate networks (RCNs) are used to identify heatwaves and droughts in Germany and two subregions for the summer half-years and summer seasons of the period 1951 to 2019. RCNs provide information for whole areas (in contrast to the point-wise information from standard indices), the underlying nodes can be distributed arbitrarily, they are easy to construct, and they provide details otherwise difficult to access, like temporal and spatial extent and localisation of extreme events; this makes them suitable for the statistical analysis of climate model output. The RCNs were constructed on the regular 0.25∘ grid of the E-OBS data set. The season-wise correlation of the time series of daily maximum temperature Tmax and precipitation were used to construct the adjacency matrix of the networks. Based on the results of a sensitivity study, we used the edge density, which increases significantly during extreme events, as the main metrics to characterise the network structure. The standard indices for comparison were the Effective Drought Index and Effective Heat Index (EDI and EHI), respectively, based on the same time series and complemented by other published data. Our results show that the RCNs are generally able to identify severe and moderate extremes and can differentiate between regions and seasons.
Winter growth and tidal variability of the sub-ice platelet layer observed with electromagnetic induction soundings
Authors: Brett Gemma M. , Leonard Gregory H. , Rack Wolfgang , Haas Christian , Langhorne Patricia J. , Irvin Anne
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Here, we present the first electromagnetic induction time-series measurements of ice shelf-influenced fast ice and sub-ice platelet layer thickness over winter and in late spring in McMurdo Sound. Significant increases in sub-ice platelet layer thickness (~0.5–1 m) co-occurred with strong southerly wind events and satellite-observed polynya activity suggesting wind-driven surface circulation of supercooled Ice Shelf Water outflow from the McMurdo-Ross ice shelf cavity. Temporal variability observed in sub-ice platelet layer thickness on diurnal timescales correlated with tidally-induced current patterns previously observed in McMurdo Sound. The thickness of the sub-ice platelet layer increased on spring and neap ebb tides corresponding with northward currents circulating out from the ice shelf cavity. The late spring spatial distributions of first-year and second-year fast ice and sub-ice platelet layer thickness in McMurdo Sound were assessed with drill hole and electromagnetic induction surveys and were comparable to a previous four-year dataset. We resolved second-year fast ice thicknesses of 4 m with a substantial sub-ice platelet layer beneath of up to 11 m using electromagnetic induction techniques suggesting that the longer temporal persistence of the two-year-old fast ice allowed a substantially thicker sub-ice platelet layer to form. The variability observed in the sub-ice platelet layer indicates that a combination of the tides, wind-driven polynya activity and the presence of multi-year ice influences the circulation of Ice Shelf Water in the upper surface ocean and consequently sub-ice platelet layer formation over a range of timescales.
High Reynolds investigations on the ability of the full scale e-TellTale sensor to detect flow separation on a wind turbine blade section
Authors: Soulier Antoine , Braud Caroline , Voisin Dimitri , Frédéric Danbon
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The complexity of the flow over a wind turbine blade makes its understanding and monitoring a challenging task, especially on operating wind turbines. The innovative e-Telltale sensor is developed for that purpose : detecting the flow separation on wind turbines blades. In this paper, high Reynolds wind tunnel tests have been performed with different configurations of full scale e-Telltale sensors and wall pressure measurements on a wind turbine blade section. A comparison between the lift curve and the e-Telltale signal was used to evaluate the ability of the sensor to detect flow separation. Results show different interesting properties of the sensor response depending on its size, position along the chord and its fitting process that could be used in real applications.
Submental muscle tissue compliance during relaxation, contraction, and after tone-modification interventions
Authors:   Appalachian State University, Clark Heather , Soloman Nancy ,   Walter Reed Army Medical Center
Published: May 2021

Deviations in muscle tone are presumed to accompany speech motor control deficits in select forms of dysarthria, although there is little confirmation of these associations. For patients experiencing neuromuscular impairments, therapeutic interventions and/or principles have been devised to alleviate tone deviations where they occur and to prevent the development or exacerbation of tone deviations. Potentially therapeutic effects of these interventions on muscle tone in the speech musculature have not been studied empirically. One reason for the paucity of research is that tools for assessing muscle tone in the speech musculature are not generally available. This pilot study explored the feasibility of a commercially available, handheld instrument for measuring submental muscle compliance during relaxed and active conditions in 16 women with normal speech and swallowing. Additionally, the study examined changes in muscle compliance when interventions presumed to impact muscle tone were applied to the submental region. The Myotonometer™ was sensitive to changes in tissue compliance related to active contraction of the submental musculature. Applying ice or vibration to the submental region resulted in no systematic changes in submental tissue compliance in the relaxed or contracted state. Additional research is needed to validate the use of this instrument to reliably assess muscle tone and other contributors to tissue compliance. If successful, studies should examine the sensitivity of the Myotonometer™ to assess intervention-induced tissue compliance changes in patient groups with suspected muscle tone impairments. Further study of intervention effects across muscle groups and dosage levels can help inform clinical decisions about the potential usefulness of tone-altering interventions for the orofacial musculature.
Speech-language pathology findings in patients with mouth breathing: Multidisciplinary diagnosis according to etiology
Authors:   CEFAC Institute, Sao Paulo, Junqueira Patricia , Marchesan Irene , Regina de Oliveira Luciana ,   CEFAC Institute, Ciccone Emilio , Haddad Leonardo , Rizzo Maria ,   Menino Jesus Hospital
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the results of the findings from speech-language pathology evaluations for orofacial function including tongue and lip rest postures, tonus, articulation and speech, voice and language, chewing, and deglutition in children who had a history of mouth breathing. The diagnoses for mouth breathing included: allergic rhinitis, adenoidal hypertrophy, allergic rhinitis with adenoidal hypertrophy; and/or functional mouth breathing. This study was conducted with on 414 subjects of both genders, from 2 to 16-years old. A team consisting of 3 speech-language pathologists, 1 pediatrician, 1allergist, and 1 otolaryngologist, evaluated the patients. Multidisciplinary clinical examinations were carried out (complete blood counting, X-rays, nasofibroscopy, audiometry). The two most commonly found etiologies were allergic rhinitis, followed by functional mouth breathing. Of the 414 patients in the study, 346 received a speech-language pathology evaluation. The most prevalent finding in this group of 346 subjects was the presence of orofacial myofunctional disorders. The most frequently orofacial myofunctional disorder identified in these subjects who also presented mouth breathing included: habitual open lips rest posture, low and forward tongue rest posture and lack of adequate muscle tone. There were also no statistically significant relationships identified between etiology and speech-language diagnosis. Therefore, the specific type of etiology of mouth breathing does not appear to contribute to the presence, type, or number of speech-language findings which may result from mouth breathing behavior.
Quantitative evaluation of tongue protrusion force
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Furlan Renata , Valenti Amanda , Vargas de Castro Tatiana , Gomes de Costa Cláudio ,   Fundacao Centro Tecnologico de Minas Gerais, Barroso Márcio ,   Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, de Las Cases Estevam , Motta Andréa
Published: May 2021

The tongue plays an important role in the functions of speech, mastication, swallowing, and breathing. The tongue helps in the maintenance of proper dental alignment and arch stability. Adequate strength is essential for the tongue to perform these tasks. Recently the Biomechanical Engineering Group from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, developed a device to improve tongue strength evaluation. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the main results obtained in tongue protrusion force measurements in different age groups using this new device. Fifteen healthy subjects were given a qualitative evaluation and determined to have normal tongue strength. They were separated by age in three groups: children, adults and elderly. They were then given a quantitative evaluation. Maximum and average forces were analyzed. The time taken to reach maximum force was also assessed. Higher values of maximum and average tongue force were obtained in the adult group, followed by the elderly group and the group of children. Older subjects had greater tongue force when compared to children. However, there were statistically significant differences in the average force and in the maximum force only between children and adults. Time taken to reach maximal isometric force was longer in the elderly group and shorter in the group of children than in the group of adults although no statistically significant difference was found between groups.
International Association of Orofacial Myology history: Origin - background - contributors
Authors: Mills Christine
Published: May 2021

These milestones of the history of the International Association of Orofacial Myology (IAOM), its founders and many of the major contributors are presented in this article. Personal reflections are provided by individuals who were instrumental in the formation of IAOM.
Myths that persist about orofacial myology
Authors:   Duke University Medical Center, Mason Robert
Published: May 2021

This article addresses many myths that have persisted over the years in dentistry and orofacial myology regarding the nature of orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD's). Myths include 1) the concept that the term "tongue thrusting" includes the rest posture; 2) that there is an excessive amount of pressure exerted against the anterior teeth in swallows, that swallowing pressures add up, and the frequency of swallowing has an impact on the dentition; 3) the idea that the tongue is the strongest muscle in the body; 4) the view that a muscle will be the winner in any tug of war between muscle and bone; 5) the claim that a tongue thrust can cause an open bite malocclusion; 6) the claim that a tongue thrust can cause a Class II malocclusion; 7) the claim that the tongue molds the palatal vault; 8) the notion that a low tongue tip posture at rest presents a problem; and 9) the claim that OMD's represent a muscle imbalance that can be brought into balance with therapy. Each of these false claims or "myths" is discussed and corrected, with the positive acknowledgement that clinicians are abandoning the incorrect notion of muscle balance and imbalance as had been claimed previously.
Feeding therapy for children with food refusal
Authors:   Nippon Dental University, Tamura Fumiyo , Kikutani Takeshi , Machida Reiko , Takahashi Noriaki , Nishiwaki Keiko , Yaegaki Ken
Published: May 2021

Disabled children suffer not only from their primary disease, but also from other complications, including food refusal. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between these conditions and food refusal in disabled children. The effectiveness of feeding therapy in treating food refusal was also examined. The study subjects were 67 disabled children (35 boys and 32 girls; mean age at initial examination: 6.5 years, SD: 6.0 years) who attended the Nippon Dental University Hospital between April 2004 and August 2008. Of them, the 13 subjects who were diagnosed as those who refused food received feeding therapy combined with desensitization therapy for hypersensitivity. Approximately 20% of the subjects showed food refusal symptoms. Primary disease, respiratory impairment and gastroesophageal reflux were not causes of food refusal in this population. There was a significant relationship between food refusal and hypersensitivity (p = 0.021). After receiving feeding therapy, six of the seven subjects with hypersensitivity but without dysphagia at initial examination recovered from food refusal. Food refusal did not significantly correlate with tube feeding. Hypersensitivity and/or tube feeding may induce food refusal. For subjects with these conditions, feeding therapy combined with desensitization therapy is effective in achieving recovery from food refusal.
ON THE EXACT PENALTY OF HIGH ORDER FOR EXTREME PROBLEMS OF DIFFERENTIAL INCLUSIONS
Authors: Sadygov Misraddin Allahverdi oglu
Published: May 2021

In this paper, using theorems on the continuous dependence of the solution of differential inclusions on the perturbation, we obtain high-order exact penalty theorems for nonconvex extremal problems of differential inclusions in the space of Banach-valued absolutely continuous functions. Using the type of the distance function in the classes of 𝜙 − (𝜙, 𝜙, 𝜙, 𝜙, 𝜙) locally Lipschitz functions, the nonconvex extremal problem for differential inclusions is reduced to a variational problem and the necessary condition for the extremum of a high-order is obtained. The paper also shows that the used functions type of distance function satisfy the 𝜙 − (𝜙, 𝜙, 𝜙, 𝜙, 𝜙) locally Lipschitz conditions.
Improvements in Physical Fitness are Associated with Favorable Changes in Blood Lipid Concentrations in Children
Authors: Kidokoro Tetsuhiro , Edamoto Kanako
Published: May 2021

Although accumulating evidence suggests the benefits of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness, little knowledge exists on how other physical fitness (PF) components are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers in children. Additionally, much of the relevant evidence is from longitudinal studies with CVD risk markers at a single time point (i.e., baseline) rather than changes in PF. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether initial 1-year changes in different performance measures of PF (i.e., endurance performance, muscular strength/endurance, flexibility, agility, and speed) can predict the subsequent changes (2-year change) in blood lipid concentrations in children. This 2-year longitudinal study included a total of 251 Japanese children (mean age 9.2 ± 0.4). PF tests were performed to comprehensively evaluate the participant’s fitness levels (handgrip strength [upper body muscular strength], bent-leg sit-ups [muscular endurance], sit-and-reach [flexibility], side-step [agility], 20-meter shuttle run [endurance performance], 50-meter sprint [speed], standing long jump [lower body muscular strength], and softball throw [explosive arm strength and throwing ability]). Fasting lipid profile was assayed for triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-HDL-C concentration. Multilevel linear regressions were used to examine the associations between the preceding changes (over 1-year) in PF and subsequent changes (over 2-years) in blood lipid concentrations. We also examined the simultaneous associations between 2-year changes in PF and 2-year changes in blood lipid concentrations. For boys, preceding improvement in handgrip strength was negatively associated with TG concentration (β = -0.260, p = 0.030); improvements in bent-leg sit-ups were negatively associated with clustered lipid scores (β = -0.301, p = 0.038) and non-HDL-C (β = -0.310, p = 0.044); and improvements in 50m sprinting were associated with subsequent changes in non-HDL-C (β = 0.348, p = 0.006) and LDL-C (β = 0.408, p = 0.001). For girls, improvements in handgrip strength was negatively associated with TG concentration (β = -0.306, p = 0.017); and improvements in standing long jump were negatively associated with non-HDL-C (β = -0.269, p = 0.021) and LDL-C (β = -0.275, p = 0.019). For boys and girls, there were no significant simultaneous associations between 2-year changes in PF and 2-year changes in blood lipid concentrations. In conclusion, preceding change in physical fitness in relation to change in blood lipid concentration likely reflect a physiological adaptation to growth and maturation since these associations diminished in the subsequent year.
Desenvolvendo estratégia de educação permanente em saúde e reconstruindo práticas em unidade de terapia renal substitutiva
Authors: Freitas Lima Ana Paula , Carvalho Francescantonio Menezes Ida Helena , Souza Rocha Bárbara , Silva Pereira Edna Regina
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e analisar o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de educação permanente em saúde (EPS) na unidade de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) utilizando a metodologia da problematização (MP). Pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa-ação, embasada na MP, como proposta no Arco de Maguerez. No desenvolvimento das atividades, os participantes definiram como problema a insuficiência de padronização de atendimento multiprofissional ao paciente em TRS. Os pontos-chave a serem investigados, tais como experiências de outras instituições, organização da linha de cuidados à luz da legislação e competências específicas próprias dos profissionais componentes da equipe, efetuaram-se na etapa de teorização. Posteriormente foram formuladas hipóteses de solução como estabelecimentos de protocolos, construção de termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido e realização de reuniões multiprofissionais para discussão de casos e definição de plano de cuidado coletivo. As propostas de solução mais viáveis foram selecionadas para serem aplicadas na prática e ajudar na superação do problema. Os participantes puderam vivenciar a MP, refletir sobre suas práticas, praticar a tomada de decisão compartilhada na unidade com base na viabilidade das propostas, permitindo avanços repensando e reconstruindo a realidade para melhoria dos serviços oferecidos por meio da EPS.
Devenir inhóspito del hogar: transformaciones territoriales por la presencia de minas antipersonal en Colombia
Authors: Ruiz Romero Gabriel Alberto , Castaño Zapata Daniel
Published: May 2021

En este artículo nos preguntamos por la manera en que la presencia de minas antipersonal (MAP) modifica la relación que tienen comunidades rurales con su territorio. Sostenemos que la presencia de MAP produce efectos sociales que dan forma a un devenir siniestro o inhóspito del territorio, es decir, a su transformación en algo que es al tiempo familiar y extraño. Este fenómeno sustenta las dinámicas de dominación por parte de los grupos armados responsables de la instalación de aquellos artefactos. El artículo es producto del trabajo de memoria histórica realizado en tres municipios colombianos con miembros de asociaciones de víctimas de MAP. El texto concluye que la instalación de estas armas, en tanto estrategia de los grupos armados para continuar la guerra bajo tierra, no sólo afecta a los individuos que caen en dichas trampas explosivas, sino que altera profundamente el sentido social de hogar que un territorio específico tiene para una comunidad local.
Desigualdades sociales a contraluz: un análisis a partir de trayectorias de clase en Argentina
Authors: Muñiz Terra Leticia , Ambort María Eugenia , Iucci Matías José
Published: May 2021

En este artículo, presentamos resultados de un proyecto de investigación en curso en el cual analizamos la desigualdad social en Argentina para el período 1990-2019. Como punto de partida, proponemos el abordaje de las desigualdades sociales como un fenómeno que es relacional, multidimensional, procesual y multiescalar. Buscando comprender cómo se construyen diferentes formas de la desigualdad entre las clases sociales en un territorio específico y a lo largo del tiempo, adoptamos la perspectiva dinámica de las trayectorias sociales: a) laborales; y b) educativas. Entendemos que el análisis del recorrido educativo y la posterior inserción laboral permite visibilizar de qué manera se articulan/tensionan los condicionamientos estructurales (modelos económicos y su relación con las posibilidades existentes en el mercado laboral) con las políticas institucionales (relaciones y políticas públicas y privadas de inserción ocupacional) y las acciones de los individuos (estrategias subjetivas para insertarse y permanecer en el mundo del trabajo). En este artículo, enfocamos la mirada en esta última dimensión, en tanto presentamos un análisis centrándonos en las representaciones y acciones de los individuos acerca de sus trayectorias.Entre las principales conclusiones podemos señalar que, mientras la clase media alta presenta trayectorias educativas y laborales relativamente homogéneas, alcanzando los máximos niveles educativos y cargos jerárquicos, y con buenas condiciones de contratación, estabilidad y seguridad social, la clase media trabajadora y la clase trabajadora obrera presentan trayectorias educativas y laborales heterogéneas. Las primeras alcanzan la culminación de la escuela secundaria y la incursión en estudios universitarios y terciarios, y el despliegue de caminos laborales asociados a puestos administrativos formales públicos o privados o a trabajo por cuenta propia, con formas precarias de contratación. Finalmente, la clase trabajadora informal desarrolla trayectorias educativas con pocas credenciales y trayectorias laborales informales muy extensas, que se inician en la infancia.
movimentos sociais em livros didáticos de Sociologia para o ensino médio
Authors: Mazzilli Pereira Matheus , Espindula Brenda , Farias da Silva Camila , Georjão Fernandes Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Nos últimos anos, protestos políticos polarizados se tornaram fenômenos visíveis e recorrentes no Brasil. Frente a esse cenário, quais são as potencialidades e os limites apresentados pelos livros didáticos de Sociologia brasileiros para a compreensão e reflexão sobre esses episódios de confronto e mobilização coletiva? Para responder esse problema de pesquisa, realizamos uma análise de livros didáticos de Sociologia para o Ensino Médio aprovados pelo PNLD 2015 e 2018 com o objetivo de subsidiar a produção de um livro de atividades sobre esta temática direcionado a docentes do Ensino Médio. Os resultados dessa análise indicam, por um lado, que suas potencialidades se relacionam à contextualização histórica e à articulação temática neles presentes. Por outro lado, indicam a presença de limites relacionados à reprodução de pressupostos teóricos questionados por abordagens contemporâneas sobre esse tema.
顾客价值、使用意愿和忠诚度关系之研究— 以电动机车Gogoro为例
Authors: 曾 伦崇
Published: May 2021

本研究透过文献收集了解台湾电动机车的发展，再以营销组合4P分析个案Gogoro，以探讨顾客价值、使用意愿和忠诚度之关系。本研究针对曾使用过电动机车之消费者进行问卷调查，共回收200 份有效问卷，并使用SPSS18.0统计软件进行分析，结果显示顾客价值对使用意愿与忠诚度有显著关系。
从易经五项涵义的角度浅释西方经济学思想的基本特点
Authors: 杨 歆漪 , 杨 国梁 , 罗 仲哲
Published: May 2021

从发展与变化的历程中来看，以信息成本这一影响人们选择行为的重要局限条件为例，人们现期通常因为放弃选择对信息成本的消费得出了不同结果，从而印证未来基于不同或约束条件的变动性。在不驳倒理性人假设的前提下，本文提出现实情况视变化的约束条件而变化的主张，同时通过经济人假设这一看似直接简易的形式，以易经的五项涵义说明其组合最大认知，与最能实行的经验框架载体性质。最后，通过基于劳动价值论与国际贸易的例证，进一步说明阴阳互补、刚柔相济这一易学思想与经济学思想的归一性。
Prevalência de lesões em atletas amadores de corrida de rua
Authors: Alves André Jaime De Oliveira , De Oliveira Glauco Fonseca
Published: May 2021

A corrida de rua está entre as modalidades mais praticadas no mundo, e o número de adeptos cresce a cada ano. Isso se deve aos benefícios que a atividade proporciona e o baixo custo. Como consequência, temos um aumento no número de lesões sofridas pelos praticantes. A partir desse cenário, este artigo, de revisão bibliográfica, tem como objetivo analisar a prevalência de lesões em atletas amadores de corrida de rua e citar suas causas. Foram realizadas buscas em diferentes bancos de dados para identificar artigos científicos a fim de concretizar os objetivos. Foi possível concluir que as lesões em atletas amadores podem ser atribuídas a diferentes fatores, tais como: treinos em excesso e nutrição inadequada. Dentre as lesões mais prevalentes, a região do joelho é destacada pela literatura como a mais afetada.
A Study to assess the Knowledge on Lifestyle modification for Prevention of Hypertension among Adults in a selected Hospital at Kidangoor
Authors: Thomas Anupriya , A. R Anvarasulthana , Ajayan Athira , Abraham Libiya , Benny Liyamol , Shaju Priya mol , Jose Renjini , Thomas Maria , Joseena S.V.M
Published: May 2021

The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge on lifestyle modification for prevention of hypertension among adults in a selected hospital, Kidangoor, Kottayam. The sample consisted of 30 adults between the age group of 40-60 years selected by convenient sampling technique. The design used was descriptive design. Demographic data and structured knowledge questionnaire were used to assess the sample characteristics on life style modification on hypertension and its prevention. The data collected in the study was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The majority of the sample belonged to the age group of 40-45 years (26.66%) and 51-55 years (26.66%). Half of the sample had high school education. 16(53.33%) of them were unemployed. Majority 18(60%) of the sample had average knowledge on prevention of hypertension. 7(23.3%) of the sample had good knowledge and 5of them had poor knowledge on prevention of hypertension. The present study concluded that majority of the sample have average knowledge regarding prevention of hypertension. There is statistically significant association between level of knowledge score with selected demographic variables like age and religion.
A Review on Analytical Methods for Estimation of Linagliptin in Bulk and Tablet Dosage form
Authors: Nannaware Premjit S , Siddheshwar Suhas S. , Kolhe M.H.
Published: May 2021

Linagliptin is an oral anti- diabetic drug that reduces blood sugar (glucose) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Linagliptin is a member of a class of drugs that inhibit the enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4 inhibitors). It is widely used in the treatment of type –II diabetes mellitus which is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissue and insulin secretory defect of the β – cells. Linagliptin is been approved by the US food and Drug administration 2 may 2011 for the management of type –II diabetes. There are a wide range of analytical techniques were available for the analysis of linagliptin in pharmaceutical and biological samples. HPLC with UV detection is applicable in the case of analysis of linagliptin in pharmaceuticals which provide us cost effective accurate method when compare with more advance techniques. This review depicts the reported Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic methods; developed and validated for estimation of Linagliptin alone or on combination with Metformin or Empagliflozin. This review focus on different analytical methods for the estimation of Linagliptin in pharmaceutical formulations. From this elaborate literature review it was found that, till date there is no RP-HPLC method available for the determination of Linagliptin with Metformin or Empagliflozine using Design of Expert or Quality by Design.
A Glance on Mucoadhesive System - Still more to Understand
Authors: Avhad Pawan S. , Gupta Revati , Rawat Swati S. , Dubey Raghvendra S.
Published: May 2021

Most popular and useful route of administration is oral one, among that mucoadhesive system is also preferable. This system is interact with mucus layer containing epithelial cell and mucin molecules which improves the contact time of dosage form, leading to improvement in both local and systemic effects. There are various routes of mucoadhesive drug delivery system, oral route is the most oldest and preferred by patient being convenient to use. However peroral route has some disadvantages such as hepatic first pass metabolism and enzymatic degradation in GIT which is a hindrance to the absorption of most proteins and peptides groups of drugs. The mucosa of the oral cavity contains an intimidating barrier to drug penetration, and one method of optimizing drug delivery is by the use of adhesive dosage forms and the mucosa is connected with various blood supplies by which it is permeable. This route has quick action, and good patient compliance with pediatric and old age patients. The buccal cavity is very easier for a bioadhesion system because of a smooth and relatively immobile surface and accessibility. Mucoadhesion can be achieved by using various mucoadhesive polymers. There are various types of mucoadhesive polymers which improves bioadhesion. Also various theories are referred to clear the concept of mucoadhesion, such as diffusion, facture, electronic and adsorption theories. This article contains definition, mechanism, advantage, and disadvantage. In this article we are going to overlook basic knowledge about mucoadhesion and its formulations.
Therapeutic potential of Hibiscusrosa sinensis - A Review
Authors: Shelke Mohini , Parjane Shraddha , Mankar S. D , Siddheshwar S. S.
Published: May 2021

Hibiscus sinensis is an annual/Perennial plant belongs to Malvaceae family commonly referred to as "roselle" famous for its medicinal value found world wide and native to West and East Africa, South-East Asia, Northeastern India. Roselle is cultivated in humid and warm climate. The plant consist phytoconstituents like malic, citric, tartaric, allo-hydroxycitric acid also reach in vitamin C, Vitamin A. Roselle is popular for it's therapeutic and nutritional value. Seeds, leaves, fruits and roots are utilized in herbal medicine for hair growth treatment. The Roselle, having various medically important compounds called photochemical, is documented for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Many parts of Roselle including seeds, leaves, fruits and roots are utilized in various foods also as in herbal medicine as a possible non-pharmacological treatment. In the treatment of various medical conditions, including several cardiovascular diseases, helmentic disease and cancer, different extracts from Roselle play an important role. Phytochemical research has reported that flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids are the most bioactive compounds responsible for their medicinal effects. Experiments from recent studies have shown that different types of extracts from all Hibiscus. The components of rosa sinensis showed a good range of beneficial effects, such as hypotensive, anti-pyritic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, wound healing, and abortifacient activities. Hibiscus rosa sinensis has been utilized in many herbal mix and drinks. This review plan to highlight the therapeutic application of Hibiscus rosa sinensis.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAH, PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI, KOMPETENSI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA, PENERAPAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN PEMERINTAH, DAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN DAERAH TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Ardianto Rama , Eforis Chermian
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of several factors toward quality of local government’s financial statement. The factors consist of governmental accounting standards, utilization of information technology, competencies of human resource, government’s internal control system, and local financial accounting system. The samples of this research were the employees at Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) or regional work unit in Tangerang regency with several characteristic. The characteristics are, 1) using SIMDA as a financial accounting system and 2) involved during preparation of financial statements. The data used was primary data. This research used questionnaire for collecting data. The sampling technique is non-probability samping which is convenience sampling. The results of this research are: (1) governmental accounting standards has significant effect toward the quality of local government’s financial statement, (2) utilization of information technology has significant effect toward the quality of local government’s financial statement, (3) competencies of human resource has significant effect toward the quality of local government’s financial statement, (4) government’s internal control system does not affect toward the quality of local government’s financial statement, (5) local financial accounting system does not affect toward the quality of local government’s financial statement.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTY DAN REAL ESTATE
Authors: Nugroho Vidyarto , Nicholas Nicholas
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of leverage, liquidity, firm size,and firm age oncompanies financial performance in property and real estate companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015 – 2017. The sampling method used purposive sampling with total sample 105 data which was financial statement from www.idx.co.id. The collected data were analyzed by using Eviews 10. The research result that independent variables describe the dependent variable up to 72.54% , while 27.46% is described by other factors. Independent variable leverage, firm size, and firm age do not have a significant effect on firm value, while the liquidity have a significant effect on companies financial performance.
Biomedical Engineering in Nepal: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Dabadi Sambardhan , Raj Dhungel Raju
Published: May 2021

Biomedical engineering is the blend of engineering and medical science, professional with a combination of knowledge of various engineering discipline to improve health care and quality of life. While biomedical engineering formally came up as major course in 1950s, the course started in Nepal just a decade back with its importance being acknowledged and biomedical engineers have been recruited by various institutes. Accounting for artificial intelligence, robotic surgery, 3-d printing, which are believed to be the future of medical science, it is necessary to strengthen the biomedical engineering. This article aims to highlight the overview as well as opportunities and challenges of biomedical engineering in Nepal.
Analysis/Spectrum of admitted cases of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in University Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Karmacharya Robin Man , Vaidya Satish , Kumar Singh Amit , Dhakal Prasesh , Dahal Sushil , Shrestha Prabha , Bade Sohail , Bhandari Niroj
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease is a condition due to partial or complete occlusion of arteries excluding that of heart and brain. Lower extremity arterial disease is specific to lower limbs. Some of the patients are asymptomatic while a majority present with claudication, rest pain, ulceration or even gangrene.

Methods: We took all admitted cases of lower extremity arterial disease from January, 2015 to December 2018. ABI was used as the first clinical tool for the diagnosis of PAD in patients with history or physical examination findings suggestive of PAD as per AHA guidelines. Outpatient arterial Doppler ultrasonography complemented by lower limb CT angiogram was used as a confirmatory tool for the diagnosis and also to assess anatomical location and severity of stenosis.

Results: Total of 54 cases of lower extremity arterial diseases were identified with a mean age of 59.2 years (S.D. 11.4). Right lower limb was involved in 35(50%). Mean age was 58 years(SD 13.1). Mean duration of symptom was 3.4 years (SD 3.3). Claudication was present in all the patients. 32(45.7%) had ulcers. Toe(44.3%) was most commonly involved. Decreased local temperature(91.4%) and color change(87.1%) were major symptoms. 35(50%) of the patients had gangrene. Mean peak systolic velocity was lowest in the peroneal artery. 16.6% patients got additional peripheral bypass surgery.

Conclusion: Claudication, decreased local temperature and color change were very common findings of lower extremity arterial disease. Gangrene was present in half of the patients.
Demographics and Pharmacotherapy in Neurocysticercosis: A hospital Based Study
Authors: Shrestha Resha , Shrestha Pranaya , Rajbhandari Pravesh , Acharya Samir , Chandra Avinash , Dahal Sujat , Neupane Joshan , Gurung Pritam , Pant Basant
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the commonest preventable cause of seizure. It is due to development of the larval form of Taenia solium. This disease is endemic in south east Asia including Nepal and has been considered as one of the neglected tropical disease.

Methods: All the patients who came to Neurosurgical outpatient department (OPD) of Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied Sciences (ANIAS) with the diagnosis of NCC with seizure during the study time frame were included in the study. The time frame of the study was January 1st 2017 till December 31st 2018.

Results: There were 167 total cases of which 108 (64.7%) were male and 59 (35.3%) were female. Mean age was 27.9 years (SD 13.1 years, range 1 year to 66 years). Frequency of patients were in the age group 20-30 years followed by 10-20 years. In terms of number of lesions, 86% of the patients had single lesion while 14% had multiple lesionsMaximum number of cases had focal seizure with secondary generalization (46%). This was followed by focal seizure (28%). Most common antiepileptics was carbamazepine (51.5%).Mean duration of antiepileptics was 2.5 years (SD 1.47, Range 9 months to 6 years) and recurrence was noted in 7.78% of cases.

Conclusion: NCC affects the productive age group with higher proportion being male patient. Single lesion is more prevalent. Proper measures for treatment and prevention of neurocysticercosis is essential and can lead to better control of this condition.
Para que serve a iconografia política?
Authors:   Université de Genève, Joschke Christian
Published: May 2021

Desde o início dos anos 1990, se desenvolve em Hamburgo um importante projeto da história da arte: a iconografia política. Vasta iniciativa trans-histórica, a iconografia política tem por ambição abarcar o estudo dos temas políticos da cultura ocidental desde a antiguidade até os tempos contemporâneos. Renovando os métodos e objetos da história social da arte, a iconografia política pretende, ainda, alertar contra o que foi considerado um dos perigos do final de 1980 - a saber, a despolitização da história da arte.
O jardim moderno como obra de arte: o pensamento de Roberto Burle Marx para a Praça de Casa Forte
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Marques da Silva Joelmir , Gabriel Cavalcanti de Moraes Victor ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Published: May 2021

Sendo a Praça de Casa Forte um jardim histórico tombada pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional e também pela Prefeitura do Recife, se faz necessário salvaguardar todo e qualquer registro que revele sua história. Esse é o caso das duas matéria publicadas no Diario da Manhã de 22 de maio de 1935, ora aqui transcritas em sua grafia original, e que nos trazem, em detalhes, o pensamento paisagístico de Burle Marx.
A estrutura da recordação: a tradição visual Kongo no Novo Mundo
Authors:   Yale University, Farris Thompson Robert
Published: May 2021

O exame do comércio escravista revela a chegada de milhares de Bakongo e de seus vizinhos, COMO cativos, ao Hemisfério Ocidental. Lá, sumas imagens e aspirações foram lembradas e não morreram: elas ganharam nova vida, misturando-se com preceitos e formulações de origens diversas. No processo, a etnicidade Kongo se tornou uma influência cultural estratégica no Novo Mundo. Nesse artigo, estudamos os principais motivos de retidão e aspiração espirituais Kongo, como aspectos de uma tradição clássica no mundo atlântico.
Nicolas Desmons: revisão historiográfica do artista conhecido até então como Iluchar Desmons
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Reis Julio
Published: May 2021

No artigo, fazemos uma revisão historiográfica dos dados biográficos do artista francês Nicolas Hushar Desmons, que chegou ao Brasil em 1840 e se notabilizou pela publicação, em 1856, do álbum "Panorama de la Ville de Rio de Janeiro," que se tornou referência sobre a iconografia carioca. A partir de novas pesquisas em fontes primárias, conseguiu-se descobrir o nome correto do artista, assim como sua origem e local de falecimento.
Uma obra, várias perspectivas: alguns estudos sobre a Passagem de Humaitá, de Victor Meirelles
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Saluan da Cunha Álvaro
Published: May 2021

Existem inúmeras maneiras de se observar uma obra de arte. Procuraremos aqui demonstrar essa afirmação através da análise de alguns trabalhos acadêmicos que tratam - direta ou indiretamente - da Passagem de Humaitá, uma pintura à óleo de grandes dimensões finalizada por Victor Meirelles em 1872. A partir da revisão bibliográfica, compararemos as diversas formas de análise encontradas nas produções de diferentes pesquisadores.
Antes da revolução: Posada e a Gran calavera eléctrica
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Alessandra Zimmer da Paz Pereira Aline
Published: May 2021

A partir de uma leitura de Gran calavera eléctrica, gravura de José Guadalupe Posada, traça-se um panorama do México durante o porfiriato - momento no qual Posada e o editor Vanegas Arroyo destinavam sua produção de hojassueltas para as classes populares. Além de refletir sobre como as demandas dessas classes não eram contempladas nos projetos de modernização daquele país, comenta-se sobre a manifestação da Morte como tema e forma na cultura mexicana.
A representação da Paixão do herói trágico: o caso de Antônio Parreiras em “Tiradentes no Getsêmani”
Authors:   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, da Rocha Leite Reginaldo
Published: May 2021

O artigo pretende discutir a adoção de um programa iconográfico político-republicano para a pintura brasileira, tendo como caso de estudo o painel "Visão de Tiradentes ou O Sonho da Liberdade" - concluído em 1926 pelo pintor niteroiense Antônio Parreiras. A reflexão procura compreender a relevância dessa composição no contexto da retórica visual do início do século XX, assim como a relação da representação do sobrenatural com a paixão do herói trágico republicano.
“Quadros historicos da guerra do Paraguay”
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Saluan da Cunha Álvaro
Published: May 2021

Disponibilizamos aqui uma versão digital da coleção intitulada "Quadros historicos da guerra do Paraguai'," que circulou logo após a Guerra da Tríplice Aliança, tendo seu primeiro fascículo anunciado no ano de 1871. Além de reproduções das gravuras que compunham a coleção, apresentamos transcrições de sua parte textual, assinada por nomes como Felix Ferreira, Coronel Pinheiro Guimarães, Cesar Muzzio, A. E. Zaluar e Dr. Ferreira de Menezes - personagens conhecidos da Corte brasileira no final do século XIX.
Rigorous Phenomenography: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Straub Jennifer M. , Maynes Nancy
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a visual conceptual model for the qualitative research approach referred to as phenomenography. The static and recursive stages of a rigorous phenonemographical approach to research are outlined in detail. Using the example of a research study situated in pre-service teacher education, the authors explain how the fifteen distinct steps of phenomenographic research should be addressed with attention to the sequencing of these steps to support reliability and rigor of the research process and validity and generalizability of the outcome spaces that may result from the use of phenomenography.