bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing Hazardous Municipal Wastewater: A Membrane-Integrated Hybrid Approach for Fast and Effective Treatment in Low Temperature Environment
Authors: Pal Parimal , Abrar Iyman , Kumar Ramesh
Published: June 2015

Protection of natural water resources like lakes from the onslaught of hazardous municipal wastewater is often a challenge particularly in the cold regions. For treatment of enormous quantity of municipal wastewater, biological treatment is normally adopted but high COD (Chemical Oxygen demand) of such wastewater turns biological treatment slow and difficult. At low temperature environment, effective treatment of such municipal wastewater becomes extremely difficult due to weakened microbial activities. The present study was carried out with a hybrid approach comprising chemical treatment and membrane separation under psychrophilic conditions. Well–known Fenton’s treatment was adopted under response surface optimized conditions that helped recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients as value–added struvite fertilizer or magnesium ammonium phosphate (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O). The optimal COD removal was found to be 96% at a low temperature of 15oC and pH of 6.3 using Fe2+/H2O2 ratio of 0.10 and of H2O2 1.9 g/l with reaction time of 2 h. Down–stream purification of the struvite-free water by microfiltration and nanofiltration largely fouling–free flat sheet cross flow membrane modules ultimately turned the treated water reusable through reduction of dissolved solids, conductivity and salinity.
A Pilot-Plant Test of a Membrane Bioreactor with a Novel Membrane Made from Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) and Hydroxy-Propyl Cellulose
Authors: Morita Junsuke , Shimada Norifumi , Higashi Masao , Kitagawa Tooru
Published: June 2015

A pilot-plant test that can treat an amount of 30 ton per day of wastewater is performed. The purpose of this test is to prove the usefulness and applicability of newly developed microfiltration membranes made from chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride) and polyester nonwoven. Here, the hydrophilicity of membranes is important and hydroxyl-propyl cellulose is used to mitigate their hydrophobicity. The membrane consists of the novel structure in which small particles made from hydroxyl-propyl cellulose gel are homogeneously dispersed and attached on the surface of micro fibrils in the structure. The result of the pilot-plant test shows that the newly developed membrane has anti-fouling properties better than that of a conventional membrane made from chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride) by another company. It still shows high hydrophilicity after the use of one year, while the conventional one loses such properties. Saving electricity in producing water is one of important issues in developing membrane bioreactor systems and the case in use of newly-developed membranes is revealed to need 2.0 kWh of electricity to produce 1 m3 of filtered water. This amount is fairly good and reasonable when the pilot-plant test is considered to belong to a medium-size facility.
Linkage to care following a home‐based HIV counselling and testing intervention in rural South Africa
Authors: Naik Reshma , Doherty Tanya , Jackson Debra , Tabana Hanani , Swanevelder Sonja , Thea Donald M , Feeley Frank G , Fox Matthew P
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Efforts to increase awareness of HIV status have led to growing interest in community‐based models of HIV testing. Maximizing the benefits of such programmes requires timely linkage to care and treatment. Thus, an understanding of linkage and its potential barriers is imperative for scale‐up.

Methods

This study was conducted in rural South Africa. HIV‐positive clients (n=492) identified through home‐based HIV counselling and testing (HBHCT) were followed up to assess linkage to care, defined as obtaining a CD4 count. Among 359 eligible clients, we calculated the proportion that linked to care within three months. For 226 clients with available data, we calculated the median CD4. To determine factors associated with the rate of linkage, Cox regression was performed on a subsample of 196 clients with additional data on socio‐demographic factors and personal characteristics.

Results

We found that 62.1% (95% CI: 55.7 to 68.5%) of clients from the primary sample (n=359) linked to care within three months of HBHCT. Among those who linked, the median CD4 count was 341 cells/mm3 (interquartile range [IQR] 224 to 542 cells/mm3). In the subsample of 196 clients, factors predictive of increased linkage included the following: believing that drugs/supplies were available at the health facility (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.78; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.96); experiencing three or more depression symptoms (aHR 2.09; 95% CI: 1.24 to 3.53); being a caregiver for four or more people (aHR 1.93; 95% CI: 1.07 to 3.47); and knowing someone who died of HIV/AIDS (aHR 1.68; 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.49). Factors predictive of decreased linkage included the following: younger age – 15 to 24 years (aHR 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.91); living with two or more adults (aHR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.77); not believing or being unsure about the test results (aHR 0.48; 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.77); difficulty finding time to seek health care (aHR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.67); believing that antiretroviral treatment can make you sick (aHR 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.89); and drinking alcohol (aHR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.80).

Conclusions

The findings highlight barriers to linkage following an increasingly popular model of HIV testing. Further, they draw attention to ways in which practical interventions and health education strategies could be used to improve linkage to care.
The unfolded protein response is required for dendrite morphogenesis
Authors: Wei Xing , Howell Audrey S , Dong Xintong , Taylor Caitlin A , Cooper Roshni C , Zhang Jianqi , Zou Wei , Sherwood David R , Shen Kang
Published: June 2015

Precise patterning of dendritic fields is essential for the formation and function of neuronal circuits. During development, dendrites acquire their morphology by exuberant branching. How neurons cope with the increased load of protein production required for this rapid growth is poorly understood. Here we show that the physiological unfolded protein response (UPR) is induced in the highly branched Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neuron PVD during dendrite morphogenesis. Perturbation of the IRE1 arm of the UPR pathway causes loss of dendritic branches, a phenotype that can be rescued by overexpression of the ER chaperone HSP-4 (a homolog of mammalian BiP/ grp78). Surprisingly, a single transmembrane leucine-rich repeat protein, DMA-1, plays a major role in the induction of the UPR and the dendritic phenotype in the UPR mutants. These findings reveal a significant role for the physiological UPR in the maintenance of ER homeostasis during morphogenesis of large dendritic arbors.
Forebrain deletion of the dystonia protein torsinA causes dystonic-like movements and loss of striatal cholinergic neurons
Authors: Pappas Samuel S , Darr Katherine , Holley Sandra M , Cepeda Carlos , Mabrouk Omar S , Wong Jenny-Marie T , LeWitt Tessa M , Paudel Reema , Houlden Henry , Kennedy Robert T , Levine Michael S , Dauer William T
Published: June 2015

Striatal dysfunction plays an important role in dystonia, but the striatal cell types that contribute to abnormal movements are poorly defined. We demonstrate that conditional deletion of the DYT1 dystonia protein torsinA in embryonic progenitors of forebrain cholinergic and GABAergic neurons causes dystonic-like twisting movements that emerge during juvenile CNS maturation. The onset of these movements coincides with selective degeneration of dorsal striatal large cholinergic interneurons (LCI), and surviving LCI exhibit morphological, electrophysiological, and connectivity abnormalities. Consistent with the importance of this LCI pathology, murine dystonic-like movements are reduced significantly with an antimuscarinic agent used clinically, and we identify cholinergic abnormalities in postmortem striatal tissue from DYT1 dystonia patients. These findings demonstrate that dorsal LCI have a unique requirement for torsinA function during striatal maturation, and link abnormalities of these cells to dystonic-like movements in an overtly symptomatic animal model.
Dual-band Dipole Antenna for 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz RFID Tag Application
Authors: Yu Y. , Ni J. , Xu Z.
Published: June 2015

In this paper, a dual-band dipole antenna for passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag application at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz is designed and optimized using HFSS 13. The proposed antenna is composed of a bent microstrip patch and a coupled rectangular microstrip patch. The optimal results of this antenna are obtained by sweeping antenna parameters. Its return losses reach to -18.7732 dB and -18.2514 dB at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The bandwidths (Return loss <=-10 dB) are 2.42~2.50 GHz and 5.77~5.82 GHz. And the relative bandwidths are 3.3% and 0.9%. It shows good impedance, gain, and radiation characteristics for both bands of interest. Besides, the input impedance of the proposed antenna may be tuned flexibly to conjugate-match to that of the IC chip.
Discussion Addendum for: Resolution of 1,1′‐Bi‐2‐Naphthol; (
R
)‐(+)‐ and (
S
)‐(−)‐2,2′‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (
BINAP
)
Authors: Hughes* David L.
Published: June 2015

The article discusses the resolution of 1, 1′‐Bi‐2‐Naphthol; (R)‐(+)‐ and (S)‐(−)‐2, 2′‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1, 1′‐binaphthyl (BINAP). The studies of this resolution is undertaken by survey of solvents and MeCN is identified as the most promising solvent. The resolution was carried out with 0.55 equiv of 5 at a concentration of 80 g of BINOL per L of solvent. A straightforward resolution for isolating both enantiomers of BINOL in high yield is developed.
Actinobacteria
Authors: Goodfellow Michael
Published: June 2015

Ac.ti.no.bac.te'ri.a. Gr. n.
actis ‐inos
a ray, beam; N.L. n.
bacter
a rod; suff. ‐
ia
ending denoting a class; N.L. pl. neut. n.
Actinobacteria
actinomycete bacteria with diverse morphologies.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria
Aquificae class. nov.
Authors: Reysenbach Anna‐Louise
Published: June 2015

A.qui.fi' cae
. M.L. fem. pl. n.
Aquificales
type order of the class; dropping the ending to denote a class; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Aquificae
the class of
Aquificales
.

Aquificae / Aquificae
Cytophagia class. nov.
Authors: Nakagawa Yasuyoshi
Published: June 2015

Cy.to.pha'gi.a. N.L. fem. n.
Cytophaga
type genus of the type order
Cytophagales
; suff. ‐
ia
ending proposed by Gibbons and Murray and by Stackebrandt et al. to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Cytophagia
the class of
Cytophagales
.

Bacteroidetes / Cytophagia
Sphingobacteriia class. nov.
Authors: Kämpfer Peter
Published: June 2015

Sphin.go.bac.te.ri.i'a. N.L. neut. n.
Sphingobacterium
type genus of the type order; suff. ‐
ia
ending proposed by Gibbons and Murray and by Stackebrandt et al. to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Sphingobacteriia
the
Sphingobacterium
class.

Bacteroidetes / Sphingobacteriia
Thermoprotei class. nov.
Authors: Reysenbach Anna‐Louise
Published: June 2015

Ther.mo.pro' te.i
. M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermoproteales
type order of the class; dropping the ending to denote a class; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermoprotei
the class of
Thermoproteales
.

Crenarchaeota / Thermoprotei
Halobacteria class. nov.
Authors: Grant William D. , Kamekura Masahiro , McGenity Terry J. , Ventosa Antonio
Published: June 2015

Ha.lo.bac.te' ri.a
. M.L. fem. pl. n.
Halobacteriales
type order of the class; dropping the ending to denote a class; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Halobacteria
the class of
Halobacteriales
.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria
Methanococci class. nov.
Authors: Boone David R.
Published: June 2015

Me.tha.no.coc' ci
. M.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanococcales
type order of the class; dropping the ending to denote a class; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanococci
the class of
Methanococcales
.

Euryarchaeota / Methanococci
Methanopyri class. nov.
Authors: Garrity George M. , Holt John G.
Published: June 2015

Me.tha.no.py' ri
. M.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanopyrales
type order of the class; dropping the ending to denote a class; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanopyri
the class of
Methanopyrales
.

Euryarchaeota / Methanopyri
Thermomicrobia class nov.
Authors: Garrity George M. , Holt John G.
Published: June 2015

Ther.mo.mi.cro' bi.a
. M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermomicrobiales
type order of the class; dropping ending to denote a class; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermomicrobia
the class of
Thermomicrobiales
.

Thermomicrobia / Thermomicrobia
Opitutae
Authors: Cho Jang‐Cheon , Janssen Peter H. , Costa Kyle C. , Hedlund Brian P.
Published: June 2015

O.pi.tu'ta.e. N.L. fem. pl. n.
Opitutales
type order of the class; ‐
ae
ending to denote a class; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Opitutae
class of the order
Opitutales
.

Verrucomicrobia / Opitutae
Acidobacterium
Authors: Thrash J. Cameron , Coates John D.
Published: June 2015

A.ci'do.bac.ter'i.um. N.L. n.
acidum
an acid; L. neut. n.
bacterium
a small rod; N.L. neut. n.
Acidobacterium
an acid‐loving rod.

Acidobacteria / Acidobacteriia / Acidobacteriales / Acidobacteriaceae / Acidobacterium

Rod‐shaped cells
, 0.3–0.8 µm × 1.1–2.3 µm. Gram‐stain‐negative. Nonphotosynthetic. Nonsporeforming.
Cells occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains. Capsule
produced.
Aerobic
, having an obligately aerobic metabolism.
Acidophilic
. Growth at pH 3.0–6.0, but not at 6.5. No growth at 3.5% NaCl. Do not denitrify. Catalase‐positive. Chemoorganotrophic. Growth on a variety of sugars including glucose as the sole carbon source. No growth on alcohols including methanol. Growth is inhibited by 0.25 mM acetate, 2 mM lactate, and 4 mM succinate. Growth at 25–37°C but not at 42°C.
Motile by peritrichous flagella
. The major quinone is menaquinone with eight isoprene units (MK‐8). The major fatty acid is C
15:0
. 2‐ and 3‐Hydroxy fatty acids are absent except for trace amounts of C
12:0
.

Source
: acid mine drainage in the Yanahaya mine, Okayama, Japan.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 59.7–60.8.

Type species
:
Acidobacterium capsulatum
Kishimoto, Kosako and Tano 1991b, 456
VP
(Effective publication: Kishimoto, Kosako and Tano 1991c, 6.).
Acidimicrobiales
Authors: Norris Paul R.
Published: June 2015

A.ci.di.mi.cro.bi'a.les. N.L. neut. n.
Acidimicrobium
type genus of the order; suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Acidimicrobiales
the
Acidimicrobium
order.

Actinobacteria / Acidimicrobiia / Acidimicrobiales
Actinomycetales
Authors: Goodfellow Michael
Published: June 2015

Ac.ti.no.my.ce.ta'les. N.L. masc. n.
Actinomyces
type genus of family, suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. pl. fem. n.
Actinomycetales
the
Actinomyces
order.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Actinomycetales
Micromonosporales ord. nov
Authors: Genilloud Olga
Published: June 2015

Mi.cro.mo.no.spo'ra.les. N.L. fem. n.
Micromonospora
type genus of the order; suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote a order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Micromonosporales
the
Micromonospora
order.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micromonosporales
Nitriliruptorales
Authors:   The Editorial Board
Published: June 2015

Ni.tri.li.rup.tor.a'les. N.L. masc. n.
Nitriliruptor
type genus of the order; suffix ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Nitriliruptorales
the order of the genus
Nitriliruptor
.

Actinobacteria / Nitriliruptoria / Nitriliruptorales
Aquificales ord. nov
Authors: Reysenbach Anna‐Louise
Published: June 2015

A.qui.fi.ca' les
. M.L. masc. n.
Aquifex
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Aquificales
the order of
Aquifex
.

Aquificae / Aquificae / Aquificales
Deferribacterales ord. nov
Authors: Huber Harald , Stetter Karl O.
Published: June 2015

De.fer.ri.bac.ter.a' les
. M.L. fem. pl. n.
Deferribacter
type genus of order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Deferribacterales
the order of
Deferribacter
.

Deferribacteres / Deferribactere / Deferribacterales
Dictyoglomales ord. nov
Authors: Patel Bharat K. C.
Published: June 2015

Dic'ty.o.glo.ma'les. N.L. neut. n.
Dictyoglomus
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Dictyoglomales
the order of
Dictyoglomus
.

Dictyoglomi / Dictyoglomia / Dictyoglomales
Archaeoglobales ord. nov
Authors: Huber Harald , Stetter Karl O.
Published: June 2015

Ar.chae.o.glo.ba' les
. M.L. masc. n.
Archaeoglobus
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Archaeoglobales
the order of
Archaeoglobus
.

Euryarchaeota / Archaeoglobi / Archaeoglobales
Methanomicrobiales
Authors: Boone David R. , Whitman William B. , Koga Yosuke
Published: June 2015

Me.tha.no.mic.ro.bi.a' les
. M.L. neut. n.
Methanomicrobium
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
the ending to denote an order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanomicrobiales
the order of
Methanomicrobium
.

Euryarchaeota / Methanomicrobiales / Methanomicrobiales
Methanosarcinales ord. nov
Authors: Boone David R. , Whitman William B. , Koga Yosuke
Published: June 2015

Me.tha.no.sar.ci.na' les
. M.L. fem. n.
Methanosarcina
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
the ending to denote an order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanosarcinales
the order of
Methanosarcina
.

Euryarchaeota / Methanosarcinales / Methanosarcinales
Methanopyrales ord. nov
Authors: Huber Robert , Stetter Karl O.
Published: June 2015

Me.tha.no.py.ra' les
. M.L. masc. n.
Methanopyrus
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
the ending to denote an order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanopyrales
the order of
Methanopyrus
.

Euryarchaeota / Methanopyri / Methanopyrales
Thermococcales
Authors: Zillig Wolfram , Reysenbach Anna‐Louise
Published: June 2015

Ther.mo.coc.ca' les
. M.L. masc. n.
Thermococcus
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermococcales
the
Thermococcus order
.

Euryarchaeota / Thermococci / Thermococcales
Thermoplasmatales ord. nov
Authors: Reysenbach Anna‐Louise
Published: June 2015

Ther.mo.plas.ma.ta' les
. M.L. neut. n.
Thermoplasma
the type genus of the order; ‐
ales
the ending to denote an order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermoplasmatales
the order of
Thermoplasma
.

Euryarchaeota / Thermoplasmata / Thermoplasmatales
Victivallales
Authors: Derrien Muriel , Cho Jang‐Cheon , Hedlund Brian P.
Published: June 2015

Vic.ti.val.lal'les. N.L. fem. n.
Victivallis
type genus of the order; ‐
ale
s ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Victivallales
the order of the genus
Victivallis

Lentisphaerae / Lentisphaeria / Victivallales
Rhodospirillales
Authors: Garrity George M. , Bell Julia A. , Lilburn Timothy
Published: June 2015

Rho.do.spi.ril.la' les
. M.L. neut. n.
Rhodospirillum
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
suffix to denote order; M.L. fem. n.
Rhodospirillales
the
Rhodospirillum
order.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales
Hydrogenophilales ord. nov
Authors: Garrity George M. , Bell Julia A. , Lilburn Timothy
Published: June 2015

Hy.dro.ge.no.phi.la'les
. M.L. masc. n.
Hydrogenophilus
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote order; M.L. fem. n.
Hydrogenophilales
the
Hydrogenophilus
order.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Hydrogenophilales
Nitrosomonadales ord. nov
Authors: Garrity George M. , Bell Julia A. , Lilburn Timothy
Published: June 2015

Ni.tro.so.mo.na.da' les
. M.L. fem. n.
Nitrosomonas
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote order; M.L. fem. n.
Nitrosomonadales
the
Nitrosomonas
order.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Nitrosomonadales
Desulfovibrionales ord. nov
Authors: Kuever Jan , Rainey Fred A. , Widdel Friedrich
Published: June 2015

De.sul.fo.vi.bri.o.na' les
. M.L. masc. n.
Desulfovibrio
type genus of the type family of the order; suff.
ales
denotes order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfovibrionales
the order that comprises
Desulfovibrionaceae
and other families.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales
Syntrophobacterales ord. nov
Authors: Kuever Jan , Rainey Fred A. , Widdel Friedrich
Published: June 2015

Syn.troph.o.bac.te.ra' les
. M.L. masc. n.
Syntrophobacter
type genus of the type family of the order; suffix ‐
ales
denotes an order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Syntrophobacterales
the order that comprises the family
Syntrophobacteraceae
and others.

Proteobacteria / Deltaproteobacteria / Syntrophobacterales
Cardiobacteriales ord. nov
Authors: Garrity George M. , Bell Julia A. , Lilburn Timothy
Published: June 2015

Car.di.o.bac.te.ri.a' les
. M.L. neut. n.
Cardiobacterium
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote order; M.L. fem. n.
Cardiobacteriales
the
Cardiobacterium
order.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Cardiobacteriales
Legionellales ord. nov
Authors: Garrity George M. , Bell Julia A. , Lilburn Timothy
Published: June 2015

Le.gi.on.el.la' les
. M.L. n.
Legionella
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote order; M.L. fem. n.
Legionellales
the
Legionella
order.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Legionellales
Oceanospirillales ord. nov
Authors: Garrity George M. , Bell Julia A. , Lilburn Timothy
Published: June 2015

O.ce.an.o.spi.ril.la' les
. M.L. neut. n.
Oceanospirillum
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote order; M.L. fem. n.
Oceanospirillales
the
Oceanospirillum
order.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales
Pseudomonadales
Authors: Garrity George M. , Bell Julia A. , Lilburn Timothy
Published: June 2015

Pseu.do.mon.a.da' les
. M.L. fem. n.
Pseudomonas
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
suffix to denote order; M.L. fem. n.
Pseudomonadales
the
Pseudomonas
order.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pseudomonadales
Anaeroplasmatales
Authors: Brown Daniel R. , Bradbury Janet M. , Johansson Karl‐Erik
Published: June 2015

A.na.e.ro.plas.ma.ta'les. N.L. neut. n.
Anaeroplasma, ‐atos
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Anaeroplasmatales
the
Anaeroplasma
order.

Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Anaeroplasmatales
Thermotogales ord. nov
Authors: Reysenbach Anna‐Louise
Published: June 2015

Ther.mo.to.ga' les
. M.L. fem. n.
Thermotoga
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermotogales
the order of
Thermotoga
.

Thermotogae / Thermotogae / Thermotogales
Opitutales
Authors: Cho Jang‐Cheon , Janssen Peter H. , Shieh Wung Yang , Hedlund Brian P.
Published: June 2015

O.pi.tu.ta'les. N.L. masc. n.
Opitutus
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Opitutales
the order of the genus
Opitutus
.

Verrucomicrobia / Opitutae / Opitutales
Puniceicoccales
Authors: Cho Jang‐Cheon , Yoon Jaewoo , Hedlund Brian P.
Published: June 2015

Pu.ni.ce.i.coc.ca'les. N.L. masc. n.
Puniceicoccus
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Puniceicoccales
the order of the genus
Puniceicoccus
.

Verrucomicrobia / Opitutae / Puniceicoccales
Verrucomicrobiales
Authors: Hedlund Brian P. , Derrien Muriel
Published: June 2015

Ver.ru.co.mi.cro.bi.a'les. N.L. neut. n.
Verrucomicrobium
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Verrucomicrobiales
the order of the genus
Verrucomicrobium

Verrucomicrobia / Verrucomicrobiae / Verrucomicrobiales
Acidobacteria phyl. nov.
Authors: Thrash J. Cameron , Coates John D.
Published: June 2015

A.ci'do.bac.ter'i.a.
Acidobacteriales
type order of the phylum; removing the ‐
ales
ending and inserting ‐
a
to denote phylum; N.L. neut. n.
Acidobacteria
the phylum of
Acidobacteriales
.

Acidobacteria
Deferribacteres phy. nov.
Authors: Garrity George M. , Holt John G.
Published: June 2015

De.fer.ri.bac' te.res
. M.L. fem. pl. n.
Deferribacterales
type order of the phylum; dropping ending to denote a phylum; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Deferribacteres
the phylum of
Deferribacterales
.

Deferribacteres
Thermodesulfobacteria phy. nov.
Authors: Garrity George M. , Holt John G.
Published: June 2015

Ther.mo.de.sul.fo.bac.te' ri.a
. M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermodesulfobacteriales
type order of the phylum; dropping the ending to denote a phylum; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermodesulfobacteria
the phylum of
Thermodesulfobacteriales
.

Thermodesulfobacteria
Thermomicrobia phy. nov.
Authors: Garrity George M. , Holt John G.
Published: June 2015

Ther.mo.mi.cro' bi.a
. M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermomicrobiales
type order of the phylum; dropping ending to denote a phylum; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermomicrobia
the phylum of
Thermomicrobiales
.

Thermomicrobia
Thermotogae phy. nov.
Authors: Reysenbach Anna‐Louise
Published: June 2015

Ther.mo.to' gae
. M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermotogales
type order of the phylum; dropping the ending to denote a phylum; M.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermotogae
the phylum of
Thermotogales
.

Thermotogae
pREPORT: a multi‐readout transcription reporter vector for fission yeast
Authors: Převorovský Martin
Published: June 2015

Transcription factors are prominent regulators of gene expression that execute responses to various intracellular and extracellular stimuli. Recombinant transcription reporter systems can be conveniently used to study the DNA binding preferences and regulatory activity of a transcription factor under a range of conditions. Several reporter genes have been used to study transcription regulation in the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe. Each of these reporters has distinct advantages, such as high sensitivity or ease of use, and limitations, such as prohibitive costs or use of hazardous substances. To combine the strengths and mitigate the weaknesses of individual reporter genes, we have created pREPORT, a flexible multi‐readout transcription reporter vector for fission yeast that employs an enhanced GFP–lacZfusion and a customizable minimal promoter. With pREPORT, gene expression driven by the transcription factor of interest can be quantified in a number of ways, both in live cells andin vitro, using a single reporter construct. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Splitting behavior of S n -polynomials
Authors: Lagarias Jeffrey C , Weiss Benjamin L
Published: June 2015

We analyze the probability that, for a fixed finite set of primesS, a random, monic, degreenpolynomial$f(x) \in {\mathbb {Z}}[x]$f(x)∈ℤ[x]with coefficients in a box of sideBsatisfies: (i)f(x) is irreducible over "Image missing", with splitting field$K_{f}/{\mathbb {Q}}$Kf/Qover "Image missing"having Galois groupSn; (ii) the polynomial discriminantDisc(f) is relatively prime to all primes inS; (iii)f(x) has a prescribed splitting type (modp) at each primepinS.

The limit probabilities asB→∞are described in terms of values of a one-parameter family of measures onSn, calledz-splitting measures, with parameterzevaluated at the primespinS. We study properties of these measures.

We deduce that there exist degreenextensions of "Image missing"with Galois closure having Galois groupSnwith a given finite set of primesShaving given Artin symbols, with some restrictions on allowed Artin symbols forp<n. We compare the distributions of these measures with distributions formulated by Bhargava for splitting probabilities for a fixed primepin such degreenextensions ordered by size of discriminant, conditioned to be relatively prime top.

Mathematics Subject Classification:Primary 11R09; Secondary 11R32; 12E20; 12E25
The Ethics of Sweatshops and the Limits of Choice
Authors: Kates Michael
Published: June 2015

This article examines the “Choice Argument” for sweatshops, i.e., the claim that it is morally wrong or impermissible for third parties to interfere with the choice of sweatshop workers to work in sweatshops. The Choice Argument seeks, in other words, to shift the burden of proof onto those who wish to regulate sweatshop labor. It does so by forcing critics of sweatshops to specify the conditions under which it is morally permissible to interfere with sweatshop workers’ choice. My aim in this article is to meet that burden. Unlike other critics of sweatshop labor, however, my argument does not proceed from contested economic or moral assumptions. To the contrary, my strategy will be to demonstrate that even if we grant the truth of the economic and moral assumptions made by defenders of the Choice Argument, it nevertheless does not follow that it is morally wrong to interfere with the choice of sweatshop workers to work in sweatshops. The Choice Argument thus fails on its own terms.
Mutual inductance of two helical vortices
Authors: Nemes András , Lo Jacono David , Blackburn Hugh M. , Sheridan John
Published: June 2015

The pairing of helical tip vortices in the wake of a two-bladed rotor is investigated experimentally. Time-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements provide a clear temporal and spatial evolution of the vortical structures, highlighting the transition to instability and the effect of tip speed ratio and helical spacing. The temporal growth rate of the vortex system instabilities were measured and are shown to be dependent on helical spacing. The evolution of filaments and their growth rates support the argument that the mutual inductance mode is the driving mechanism behind the transition to an unstable wake. The measurements are in agreement with maximum growth rates predicted by linear stability analyses of single- and double-helix arrangements. In addition, the wake topology due to varying rotor load through tip speed ratio variation is shown to play an important role in the initial symmetry breaking that drives the wake transition.
Secoiridoids delivered as olive leaf extract induce acute improvements in human vascular function and reduction of an inflammatory cytokine: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial
Authors: Lockyer Stacey , Corona Giulia , Yaqoob Parveen , Spencer Jeremy P. E. , Rowland Ian
Published: June 2015

The leaves of the olive plant (Olea europaea) are rich in polyphenols, of which oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol (HT) are most characteristic. Such polyphenols have been demonstrated to favourably modify a variety of cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present intervention was to investigate the influence of olive leaf extract (OLE) on vascular function and inflammation in a postprandial setting and to link physiological outcomes with absorbed phenolics. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, acute intervention trial was conducted with eighteen healthy volunteers (nine male, nine female), who consumed either OLE (51 mg oleuropein; 10 mg HT), or a matched control (separated by a 4-week wash out) on a single occasion. Vascular function was measured by digital volume pulse (DVP), while blood collected at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 h was cultured for 24 h in the presence of lipopolysaccharide in order to investigate effects on cytokine production. Urine was analysed for phenolic metabolites by HPLC. DVP-stiffness index andex vivoIL-8 production were significantly reduced (P< 0·05) after consumption of OLE compared to the control. These effects were accompanied by the excretion of several phenolic metabolites, namely HT and oleuropein derivatives, which peaked in urine after 8–24 h. The present study provides the first evidence that OLE positively modulates vascular function and IL-8 productionin vivo, adding to growing evidence that olive phenolics could be beneficial for health.
Firm Mortality and Natal Financial Care
Authors: Bhattacharya Utpal , Borisov Alexander , Yu Xiaoyun
Published: June 2015

We construct a mortality table for U.S. public companies during 1985–2006. We find that the age-specific mortality rates of firms initially increase, peaking at age three, and then decrease with age, implying that the first 3 years of public life are critical. Financial intermediaries involved around the “public birth” of a firm (e.g., venture capitalists (VCs) and high-quality underwriters) are associated with lower firm mortality rates, sometimes for up to 7 years after the initial public offering (IPO). VCs reduce mortality rates more through natal financial care than through selection, whereas high-quality underwriters affect firm mortality more through selection.
The Diminishing Liquidity Premium
Authors: Ben-Rephael Azi , Kadan Ohad , Wohl Avi
Published: June 2015

Stock liquidity has improved over the recent 4 decades. This improvement was accompanied by a dramatic increase in trading activity. The net effect on the liquidity premium is ambiguous. We show that the characteristic liquidity premium of U.S. stocks has significantly declined over the past 4 decades. In recent years, characteristic liquidity is significantly priced only for the smallest common stocks. This decline stems from an improvement in liquidity and from a lower sensitivity of expected returns to liquidity. By contrast, systematic liquidity has not been trending down and is still significantly priced primarily among NASDAQ stocks.
A new fouling Hydroides (Annelida, Sabellida, Serpulidae) from southern Gulf of California
Authors: Tovar-Hernández María Ana , Villalobos-Guerrero Tulio F. , Kupriyanova Elena K. , Sun Yanan
Published: June 2015

Members of the tubicolous polychaete family Serpulidae constitute one of the most important groups of marine fouling biota. This paper describes a new species of the serpulid genusHydroidesfrom dock fouling at Mazatlán (southern Gulf of California), providing information about live colouration and reproductive features.Hydroides dolabrussp. nov. belongs to a subgroup of species in which verticil spines are equal in size and shape, lack both external and lateral spinules, but have various modifications to their tips. However,Hydroides dolabrussp. nov. is distinct in having tips of verticil spines pickaxe-shaped, with asymmetrical triangular radially orientated projections: the internal projections are short and point inward the verticil centre, while longer external projections point outward the verticil centre. Like all species of the genus,H. dolabrussp. nov. is a gonochoristic broadcast spawner lacking sexual dimorphism. A phylogenetic analysis of Hydroides based on COI, 18S and cytbsequence data reveals thatH. dolabrussp. nov. is genetically distinct from other species ofHydroidesfor which sequence data are available. The new species is the 11th in the genus described from Mexican waters.
Identification and validation of mixed anxiety–depression
Authors: Hettema J. M. , Aggen S. H. , Kubarych T. S. , Neale M. C. , Kendler K. S.
Published: June 2015

Background.

Mixed anxiety–depression (MAD) has been under scrutiny to determine its potential place in psychiatric nosology. The current study sought to investigate its prevalence, clinical characteristics, course and potential validators.

Method.

Restricted latent-class analyses were fit to 12-month self-reports of depression and anxiety symptom criteria in a large population-based sample of twins. Classes were examined across an array of relevant indicators (demographics, co-morbidity, adverse life events, clinical significance and twin concordance). Longitudinal analyses investigated the stability of, and transitions between, these classes for two time periods approximately 1.5 years apart.

Results.

In all analyses, a class exhibiting levels of MAD symptomatology distinctly above the unaffected subjects yet having low prevalence of either major depression (MD) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was identified. A restricted four-class model, constraining two classes to have no prior disorder history to distinguish residual or recurrent symptoms from new onsets in the last year, provided an interpretable classification: two groups with no prior history that were unaffected or had MAD and two with prior history having relatively low or high symptom levels. Prevalence of MAD was substantial (9–11%), and subjects with MAD differed quantitatively but not qualitatively from those with lifetime MD or GAD across the clinical validators examined.

Conclusions.

Our findings suggest that MAD is a commonly occurring, identifiable syndromal subtype that warrants further study and consideration for inclusion in future nosologic systems.
ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TOUMBA BUILDING AT LEFKANDI
Authors: Herdt Georg
Published: June 2015

The building at Toumba, Lefkandi, stands unique in its time and place. The remains of this monument are significant in terms of size and elaboration, and also on account of the way it has been reconstructed and interpreted as the ancestor of the Greek peripteral temple. The primary concern of this article is the structural evaluation of the architectural remains. In part due to the scant nature of the archaeological evidence behind the widely accepted reconstruction, the latter can be seen to have several structural shortcomings. In reassessing the structure several factors are considered, including the state of technology at the time of construction, the characteristics of the building materials employed, and the way they respond to the strains of load and the forces of nature. The process of reconciling such factors with the documented remnants of the building directs us towards a different reconstruction. It thus emerges that the building at Toumba is an implausible ancestor of Greek peripteroi, and an alternative solution without the iconic pre-peristasis is proposed here.
Reconsolidation versus retrieval competition: Rival hypotheses to explain memory change in psychotherapy
Authors: Brewin Chris R.
Published: June 2015

I suggest it is premature to assume memory reconsolidation provides a unifying model of psychotherapeutic change given our current state of knowledge, and that other basic memory mechanisms, also supported by neuroscience, have a stronger claim at present. In particular, I propose that retrieval competition provides a more plausible alternative to memory reconsolidation.
Changing maladaptive memories through reconsolidation: A role for sleep in psychotherapy?
Authors: Diekelmann Susanne , Forcato Cecilia
Published: June 2015

Like Lane et al., we believe that change in psychotherapy comes about by updating dysfunctional memories with new adaptive experiences. We suggest that sleep is essential to (re-)consolidate such corrective experiences. Sleep is well-known to strengthen and integrate new memories into pre-existing networks. Targeted sleep interventions might be promising tools to boost this process and thereby increase therapy effectiveness.
Therapeutic affect reduction, emotion regulation, and emotional memory reconsolidation: A neuroscientific quandary
Authors: LaBar Kevin S.
Published: June 2015

Lane et al. emphasize the role of emotional arousal as a precipitating factor for successful psychotherapy. However, as therapy ensues, the arousal diminishes. How can the unfolding therapeutic process generate long-term memories for reconsolidated emotional material without the benefit of arousal? Studies investigating memory for emotionally regulated material provide some clues regarding the neural pathways that may underlie therapy-based memory reconsolidation.
Let's be skeptical about reconsolidation and emotional arousal in therapy
Authors: Patihis Lawrence
Published: June 2015

Lane et al. imply hypotheses that are questionable: that emotional arousal is a cause of positive change and reconsolidation research can be applied to therapy to alter memory. Given the history of problematic attempts to incorporate memory distortion or high emotional arousal into therapeutic techniques, both of which heralded premature optimism and hubris, I urge open-minded skepticism.
Mental model construction, not just memory, is a central component of cognitive change in psychotherapy
Authors: von Hecker Ulrich , McIntosh Daniel N. , Sedek Grzegorz
Published: June 2015

We challenge the idea that a cognitive perspective on therapeutic change concerns only memory processes. We argue that inclusion of impairments in more generative cognitive processes is necessary for complete understanding of cases such as depression. In such cases what is identified in the target article as an “integrative memory structure” is crucially supported by processes of mental model construction.
Memory reconsolidation and self-reorganization
Authors: Whelton William J.
Published: June 2015

Lane et al. propose that memory reconsolidation through new emotional experiences is an integrative pathway to change in psychotherapy. My commentary suggests that memory reconsolidation is an element within self-reorganization. Given the focal nature of the self to every aspect of psychotherapy, it is a more useful construct on which to build integrative models than memory reconsolidation.
Disruption of reconsolidation processes is a balancing act – can it really account for change in psychotherapy?
Authors: Spanagel Rainer , Bohus Martin
Published: June 2015

Lane et al. argue that any psychotherapeutic intervention at its core acts on reactivated memories via the process of reconsolidation which leads to modified memory traces. From our perspective, this model (1) only explains a small subsegment of psychotherapeutic mechanisms and (2) ignores the difficulties of generating reliable experimental conditions that allow interference with reconsolidation processes and – if successful – their transient nature.
The integrated memory model: A new framework for understanding the mechanisms of change in psychotherapy
Authors: Lane Richard D. , Nadel Lynn , Greenberg Leslie , Ryan Lee
Published: June 2015

In this response to commentaries on our target article, we highlight and clarify a variety of issues and respond to several comments, challenges, and misconceptions. Topics covered include the mechanisms of enduring change, the nature of memory, the conditions in which memories are updated, the role of emotional arousal in change, and current limitations in our understanding of the neural basis of change in psychotherapy. It is our hope that through research stimulated by this exchange the latter may be advanced.
A politics of empathy: Encounters with empathy in Israel and Palestine
Authors: HEAD NAOMI
Published: June 2015

This article starts from the premise that empathy is an inherent part of social and political life but that this is not sufficiently theorised in International Relations (IR). Building on the burgeoning debates on emotions in world politics, it argues that the study of empathy should be developed more rigorously by establishing an interdisciplinary and critical framework for understanding the experiences and processes of empathy in IR. The central contribution of the article is twofold: firstly, it highlights limitations of the dominant perspective on empathy in IR, and secondly, it argues that a range of meanings may be attributed to empathy when examined within the sociopolitical conditions of particular contexts. Drawing on research on the conflict in Israel and Palestine, the article identifies and articulates two such alternative interpretations: empathy as non-violent resistance and as a strategy of normalisation.
Role of body size in activity budgets of mammals in the Western Ghats of India
Authors: Ramesh Tharmalingam , Kalle Riddhika , Sankar Kalyanasundaram , Qureshi Qamar
Published: June 2015

Body size in animals is an important trait affecting species niche differentiation and restricting similarity. Using camera-trap data over 2008–2010, we used photo-captures from 50 cameras spread throughout Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (Western Ghats, India) to assess the activity budgets of 21 mammal species ranging in body size from 1 kg to 2088 kg. Large carnivores were mostly cathemeral whereas small cat and civet species were purely nocturnal. Mongoose species were mainly diurnal possibly due to their terrestrial feeding habits and reduce competition with other sympatric small carnivores. All large and small-bodied herbivores were cathemeral and nocturnal respectively, whereas medium-sized herbivores were active during the day. Overall, small mammals tended to be mostly nocturnal, whereas large mammals were cathemeral mainly due to energy requirements and other ecological constraints. Body size showed significant negative relationship with mean vector length (clustering of activity in time) thus implying that the daily amount of time being active increased with body size. The shorter activity time (12 h) in small mammals resulted in higher mean vector length probably to utilize the available time to fulfil energy needs. The observed cathemeral activity in large mammals may be associated with travel over larger areas to acquire large quantities of food therefore they are active for a longer duration. Our results clearly support the allometric relationship between body size and activity budgets in mammals and its association with niche differentiation.
The Regulatory Framework and Sustainable Development of China's Electricity Sector
Authors: Zhang Yin-Fang
Published: June 2015

Both supply- and demand-oriented solutions are important in cleaning up the electricity sector. However, their successful deployment calls for the removal of various barriers. This paper looks at China's electricity industry, one of the world's largest emitters of greenhouse gases, by relating the regulatory framework to the environmental dimension of sustainable electricity development. It develops an analytical framework by drawing upon the literature on the deployment of supply- and demand-side solutions, regulatory governance, and environmental policy integration. The paper finds that, in China's electricity sector, environmental considerations are subordinate to economic and development goals in policymaking and enforcement. Under the current regulatory framework, regulatory policies/instruments are not conducive to removing barriers to the effective deployment of the solutions.
Fairness and Aggregation
Authors: PASEAU A. C. , SAUNDERS BEN
Published: June 2015

Sometimes, two unfair distributions cancel out in aggregate. Paradoxically, two distributions each of which is fair in isolation may give rise to aggregate unfairness. When assessing the fairness of distributions, it therefore matters whether we assess transactions piecemeal or focus only on the overall result. This piece illustrates these difficulties for two leading theories of fairness (proportionality and shortfall minimization) before offering a formal proof that no non-trivial theory guarantees aggregativity. This is not intended as a criticism of any particular theory, but as a datum that must be taken into account in constructing a theory of fairness.
The geography of urban food retail: locational principles of public market provisioning in New York City, 1790–1860
Authors: BAICS GERGELY
Published: June 2015

This article contributes to discussions about the spatial organization of urban food retail on empirical and theoretical grounds. As a case-study, it presents new analysis of New York City's public market system between 1790 and 1860, documenting its expansion and geography relative to urban growth, and how the deregulation of the meat trade by the 1840s reshaped this vital infrastructure. More broadly, it theorizes the municipal market system's geographic principles, emphasizing its countervailing dynamics of agglomeration and dispersal. Exploiting the city's transition from a public to a free market model, it further demonstrates how distinct political economies produced profoundly different geographies of retail food distribution.