bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE REALISTIC STOCHASTIC MODEL OF GPS OBSERVABLES: IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE
Authors: Zangeneh-Nejad F. , Amiri-Simkooei A. R. , Sharifi M. A. , Asgari J.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. High-precision GPS positioning requires a realistic stochastic model of observables. A realistic GPS stochastic model of observables should take into account different variances for different observation types, correlations among different observables, the satellite elevation dependence of observables precision, and the temporal correlation of observables. Least-squares variance component estimation (LS-VCE) is applied to GPS observables using the geometry-based observation model (GBOM). To model the satellite elevation dependent of GPS observables precision, an exponential model depending on the elevation angles of the satellites are also employed. Temporal correlation of the GPS observables is modelled by using a first-order autoregressive noise model. An important step in the high-precision GPS positioning is double difference integer ambiguity resolution (IAR). The fraction or percentage of success among a number of integer ambiguity fixing is called the success rate. A realistic estimation of the GNSS observables covariance matrix plays an important role in the IAR. We consider the ambiguity resolution success rate for two cases, namely a nominal and a realistic stochastic model of the GPS observables using two GPS data sets collected by the Trimble R8 receiver. The results confirm that applying a more realistic stochastic model can significantly improve the IAR success rate on individual frequencies, either on L1 or on L2. An improvement of 20% was achieved to the empirical success rate results. The results also indicate that introducing the realistic stochastic model leads to a larger standard deviation for the baseline components by a factor of about 2.6 on the data sets considered.
REACH SCALE APPLICATION OF UAV+SFM METHOD IN SHALLOW RIVERS HYPERSPATIAL BATHYMETRY
Authors: Bagheri O. , Ghodsian M. , Saadatseresht M.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Nowadays, rivers are impacted by different human activities and highly regulated. To rehabilitate these systems, spatial and process-based analyses of rivers are essential. Hydrodynamic models are sophisticated tools in this regard and instream topography is one of the most important input of these models. To represent hyperspatial topography and bathymetry in shallow rivers, UAV imagery and structure from motion may be an optimum method considering the extent of application, vegetation condition and flow quality. However, at the present there is no available workflow for applications of UAV+SfM method in riverine environments at extent of reach or higher scales. Therefore, in this study a new workflow has been presented and evaluated in Alarm River. The evaluation showed that the workflow provides 2 m/s speed for UAV while mapping flight lines with low illumination changes. Specific pattern of image acquisition in the proposed workflow leads to substantial decrease of process time. In addition, precise control of flight height and overlap of images may lead to consistent accurate results. The result of validation against rtkGNSS data points showed that the suggested workflow is capable of providing 0.01 m-resolution topographic data with an error less than 0.075 m and 95% level of confidence in clear shallow rivers.
Paleosols can promote root growth of the recent vegetation – a case study from the sandy soil-sediment sequence Rakt, the Netherlands
Authors: Gocke M. I. , Kessler F. , van Mourik J. M. , Jansen B. , Wiesenberg G. L. B.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Soil studies commonly comprise the uppermost meter for tracing e.g. soil development. However, the maximum rooting depth of various plants significantly exceeds this depth. We hypothesized that deeper parts of the soil, soil parent material and especially paleosols provide beneficial conditions in terms of e.g. nutrient contents, thus supporting their utilization and exploitation by deep roots. We aimed to decipher the different phases of soil formation in Dutch drift- and coversands. The study site is located at Bedafse Bergen (SE Netherlands) in a 200 year old oak stand. A recent Podzol developed on driftsand covering a Plaggic Anthrosol that established in a relict Podzol on Late Glacial eolian coversand. Root-free soil and sediment samples, collected in 10–15 cm depth increments, were subjected to a multi-proxy physical and geochemical approach. The Plaggic Anthrosol revealed low bulk density and high phosphorous and organic carbon contents, whereas the relict Podzol was characterized by high iron and aluminum contents. Frequencies of fine (≤ 2 mm) and medium roots (2–5 mm) were determined on horizontal levels and the profile wall for a detailed pseudo-three-dimensional insight. On horizontal levels, living roots maximized in the uppermost part of the relict Podzol with ca. 4450 and 220 m-2, significantly exceeding topsoil root abundances. Roots of oak trees thus benefited from the favorable growth conditions in the nutrient-rich Plaggic Anthrosol, whereas increased compactness and high aluminum contents of the relict Podzol caused a strong decrease of roots. The approach demonstrated the benefit of comprehensive root investigation to support and explain pedogenic investigations of soil profiles, as fine roots can be significantly underestimated when quantified at the profile wall. The possible rooting of soil parent material and paleosols long after their burial confirmed recent studies on the potential influence of rooting to overprint sediment-(paleo)soil sequences of various ages, sedimentary and climatic settings. Potential consequences of deep rooting for terrestrial deep carbon stocks, located to a relevant part in paleosols, remain largely unknown and require further investigation.
On the assimilation of optical reflectances and snow depth observations into a detailed snowpack model
Authors: Charrois L. , Cosme E. , Dumont M. , Lafaysse M. , Morin S. , Libois Q. , Picard G.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. This paper examines the ability of optical reflectance data assimilation to improve snow depth and snow water equivalent simulations from a detailed multilayer snowpack model. The direct use of reflectance data, instead of higher level snow products, rules out uncertainties due to commonly used retrieval algorithms. Data assimilation is performed with an ensemble-based method, the Sequential Importance Resampling Particle filter, to represent simulation uncertainties. Here, model uncertainties are essentially ascribed to meteorological forcings. An original method of stochastic perturbation is implemented to explicitly simulate the consequences of these uncertainties on the snowpack estimates. The assimilation of spectral reflectances from the MODerate Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor is examined, through twin experiments based on synthetic observations, over five seasons at the Col du Lautaret, located in the French Alps. Overall, the assimilation of MODIS-like data reduces root mean square errors (RMSE) on snow depth and snow water equivalent by a factor of 2. At this study site, the lack of MODIS data on cloudy days does not affect the assimilation performance significantly. The combined assimilation of MODIS-like reflectances and a few snow depth measurements throughout the 2010/11 season further reduces RMSEs by a factor of roughly 3.5. This work suggests that the assimilation of optical reflectances should become an essential component of spatialized snowpack simulation and forecast systems. The assimilation of real MODIS data will be investigated in future works.
Undergraduate Students' Perspectives on the Value of Peer-Led Discussions
Authors: McGlynn-Stewart Monica E
Published: December 2015

With a view to improving the quality of class discussions of assigned articles, I implemented a new way of organizing small group seminars in an undergraduate early childhood education course. The seminars were led by student facilitators and had a balance of accountability and autonomy. Mid-way through the course, the students reflected anonymously on the experience of the seminars. They identified a variety of cognitive and social benefits of the seminars as well as key components that could be applied in a variety of post-secondary settings.
Dans le but d’améliorer la qualité des discussions de classe portant sur les articles que les étudiants devaient lire, j’ai mis sur pied une nouvelle manière d’organiser les séminaires de groupe dans un cours de premier cycle d’éducation de la petite enfance. Les séminaires étaient dirigés par des étudiants qui jouaient le rôle de facilitateurs et qui devaient concilier la responsabilité et l’autonomie. Vers le milieu du cours, les étudiants ont témoigné anonymement sur l’expérience des séminaires. Ils ont identifié une variété d’avantages cognitifs et sociaux que les séminaires leur avaient apportés ainsi que des composantes clés qui pourraient être appliquées dans toute une variété de milieux post-secondaires.
The Importance of Overhydration in Determining Peritoneal Dialysis Technique Failure and Patient Survival in Anuric Patients
Authors: Fan Stanley , Davenport Andrew
Published: December 2015

Purpose

Loss of residual renal function (RRF) is associated with an increased risk for peritoneal dialysis (PD) technique failure and patient death. We wished to determine which factors were associated with PD technique failure and patient mortality once urine output had fallen to <100 mL/day.

Methods

We followed 183 PD patients who lost RRF and who had measurements taken at that time of PD small solute clearances, ultrafiltration volume, PD transport status and multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance assessments (MFBIA) of extracellular water (ECW).

Results

Results: 119 (65%) patients had PD technique failure or died during a median follow-up of 20.8 (10.5–36) months. This group had more men (58.8% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.011), and were older 57.9 ± 14.7 vs. 49.3 years (p = 0.002). These patients had a higher median C-reactive protein 5.5 [4.8–8.2] vs (5.0 [2–6] p = 0.013), and greater comorbidity (Davies grade 1 [0–1] vs. 0[0–1], p<0.001, and a higher ratio of ECW/TBW (0.45 ± 0.07 vs 0.42 ± 0.04, p<0.001). There were no differences in icodextrin usage, small solute clearance or ultrafiltration volumes. On multivariate Cox regression, ECW excess was significantly associated with PD technique failure and patient survival (β 1.09, p<0.001 and β1.17, p = 0.005), respectively.

Conclusions

Loss of urine output requires PD to provide both adequate solute clearances and volume control. We found that PD technique failure and patient death were associated with ECW excess. Prospective interventional studies are required to determine whether correction of volume status improves PD patient outcomes.
Distribution Volume Assessment Compartment Modelling: Theoretic Phosphate Kinetics in Steady State Hemodialys Patients
Authors: Laursen Sisse H. , Buus Amanda , Jensen Morten H. , Vestergaard Peter , Hejlesen Ole K.
Published: December 2015

Purpose

Hyperphosphatemia constitutes a major problem in end-stage renal disease patients. At this stage, dialysis efficacy usually plays an important role in obtaining phosphate levels within the normal range. Currently, no practical tool capable of making individualized predictions about phosphate changes during and after hemodialysis (HD) have gained clinical acceptance. As a result, optimal dialysis prescriptions seem to be difficult to achieve. The objective of the present study was to develop and test a quantitative tool to predict intradialytic and postdialytic (2 hours) phosphate kinetics in HD therapy. This included distribution volume assessment.

Methods

The approach included compartment modeling. Various model attempts were produced and tested using experimental data that included 2 treatment regimens; conventional and nocturnal HD, with 2-hour postdialysis rebound. Graphical comparison and determination of R2 was applied to determine the best model variation.

Results

1-, 2- and 3-compartment simulations were produced. Both 2- and 3-compartment model variations showed a close fit with the experimental data. However, a 3-compartment model showed the best graphical fit. This was supported by R2 values in the 0.951–0.979 range.

Conclusions

The 3-compartment model seems promising for prediction about plasma phosphate and holds the potential to be employed as a decision support tool and to enhance optimal dialysis prescriptions. Furthermore, the results provide specific suggestions about the distribution of phosphate in the body. Despite the promising results, further data and testing are necessary to validate the initial results.
Degree of Bacterial Microleakage at the Implant-Abutment Junction in Cone Morse Tapered Implants under Loaded and Unloaded Conditions
Authors: Tripodi Domenico , D'Ercole Simonetta , Iaculli Flavia , Piattelli Adriano , Perrotti Vittoria , Iezzi Giovanna
Published: December 2015

Purpose

Different results have been reported on the internal colonization of Cone Morse connections under in vitro dynamic loading. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the bacterial leakage in Cone Morse implant-abutment connections, both under loaded and unloaded conditions.

Methods

A total of 20 implants with a Cone Morse taper internal connection were used in this study. Ten were loaded under a special testing equipment (Test Group), while 10 were left unloaded (Control Group). The inner part of all implants was inoculated with 0.1 μl of a viable Enterococcus faecalis suspension. A force of 120 N was applied to the loaded implants, for a total of 500,000 cycles at 1 Hz. All the samples were checked daily, for a total of 14 days, and presence or absence of turbidity recorded.

Results

In the unloaded assemblies, bacterial contamination was found in 2 out of 10 implant-abutment junctions, on the 12th and 13th days. In the loaded implant-abutment connections, bacterial contamination was found in 2 out of 10 implant-abutment assemblies, on the 13th and on the 14th days.

Conclusions

The resistance of the Cone Morse implant-abutment junction reported in the literature and confirmed in the present study, where no differences in the percentages of microbial leakage were found in assemblies unloaded and in those subjected to a dynamic loading procedure, could help to explain the histological results in man of a lack of peri-crestal bone resorption in Cone Morse implants, placed below the level of the alveolar crest.
Bioactivity Enhancement of Titanium Induced by Nd: Yag Laser Pulses
Authors: Radmanesh Mitra , Kiani Amirkianoosh
Published: December 2015

Purpose

In this research, the effect of laser properties such as laser power and laser dwell time on the surface morphology and oxidizing of titanium have been investigated in order to enhance the bioactivity of laser textured titanium sheets.

Methods

The Ti samples were irradiated with nanosecond pulses to create the predetermined point patterns on the surface of sample sheets with specific laser parameters. Final bioactivity of the treated samples were evaluated through the use of simulated body fluid (SBF), followed by material characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive (EDX).

Results

It was observed that by increasing the roughness of the titanium surface samples using a range of dwelling time, and with different powers, titania with higher levels of surface energy in micro/sub-micro scales are produced. The use of laser results in a one-step heat increase and the oxidation of titanium, which results in creation of titania with higher cell adhesion abilities.

Conclusions

It was concluded that the variation of the surface roughness, surface morphology, and oxidation level of the material has a direct effect on the cell adhesion rate to the surface of the titanium. Upon completion of the analysis, it is concluded that using a higher power and a lower dwelling time results in better bioactivity improvement than using higher dwelling times and lower powers.
Effect of a Rapid Clinical Protocol to the Conversion from Central Venous Hemodialysis Catheter to Arteriovenous Access
Authors: Blessios George A. , Park Jeffrey M. , Barone Kathleen M.
Published: December 2015

Purpose

Evaluation of the rapid conversion protocol that includes an ambulatory dialysis access center (DAC), and a three-step clinical pathway, to the conversion rate from central venous hemodialysis (HD) catheter to functioning arteriovenous (AV) access.

Methods

Prospective data were collected on 97 consecutive catheter-dependent HD patients. DAC is defined as an ambulatory unit, able to accommodate clinic visits, ultrasound examinations, surgical, interventional and hybrid procedures. Step I: initial evaluation, vein mapping and creation of AV access. Step II: clinical evaluation in two weeks and if failure identified, secondary procedure to restore function. Step III: evaluation in four weeks after creation, and additional procedure to promote maturation if indicated. The success rate, time to conversion and time to catheter removal were recorded.

Results

From the 97 consecutive referred patients, eight patients were excluded. From the remaining 89 patients, 99% were successfully converted to AV access. Seventy-three percent of the patients were converted to native arteriovenous fistulae and 27% of the patients to prosthetic arteriovenous shunts. The median time from creation to HD catheter removal was 63 (SD 41) days. Fifty-two percent of the patients required at least one additional secondary procedure to accomplish successful conversion

Conclusions

High rates of timely conversion from catheter to AV access, primarily AV fistulae, can be accomplished within the context of the rapid conversion protocol.
Evaluation of Catheter Infection Rates in Converted Dialysis Catheters versus de Novo Placement in the Setting of Chlorhexidine Use
Authors: Criddle Jared M. , Hieb Robert A. , White Sarah B. , Patel Parag J. , Hohenwalter Eric J. , Tutton Sean M. , Rilling William S.
Published: December 2015

Purpose

Prior studies have reported infection rates of converting non-tunneled dialysis catheters (NTDCs) to tunneled dialysis catheters (TDCs) versus de novo placement of TDCs using povidone-iodine. Chlorhexidine, per the Center of Disease Control guidelines, has been exclusively used in our institution since 2005. Therefore, our study aims to determine whether there is a difference in infection rates between conversion and de novo placement when utilizing chlorhexidine.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective analysis from 1/1/2009 to 8/10/2012 was performed of patients who underwent placement of NTDCs, which were subsequently converted to TDCs and those who underwent de novo TDC placement. To assess the rate of infection, the following data points were collected: date of procedure(s), indication, outcomes, site of catheter insertion, pre- and post-procedure laboratory values, complications, infection rates within the life of the initially placed catheter, catheter days, and survival.

Results

The conversion cohort was composed of 205 patients, 135 of whom were lost to follow-up, leaving 70 patients. The de novo cohort included 70 randomly selected patients. Of the 70 patients who underwent conversion, 23 developed a catheter-related infection, with an infection rate of 0.26 events per 100 catheter days. Of the 70 de novo catheters, 20 developed infection with an infection rate of 0.25 events per 100 catheters days.

Conclusion

In this series, there is no difference in infection rates between conversion and de novo TDC placement when utilizing chlorhexidine as the sterilization agent. However, these infection rates are superior to those reported when using povidone-iodine.
Language and Meter in Early English, Dutch, German, and Russian Iambic Verse
Authors: Kazartsev Evgeny
Published: December 2015

This article offers a comparative study of how iambic verse was realized during the early modern era. The focus is on the “rhythmic freedom” of verse as well as on the linguistic and historical determinants of that freedom. Special attention is devoted to omissions of metrical stress and the development of differences in the rhythmic profile of the English, Dutch, German, and Russian iamb. The study investigates the link between the average number of syllables in the rhythmic words of each language and the degree of strictness in the realization of metrical structure. The results we have obtained give grounds for considering that the length of words is not—as scholars have previously thought—the decisive factor in allowing verse to free itself from its metrical bounds. A comparative analysis of identical types of versification in different languages allows us to view this issue quite differently. It frequently turns out that not the linguistic but the historical conditions of creating of the new versification have the decisive influence on the nature of the interaction between meter and language.
Lixiviación y secado de hojuelas de nim (Azadirachta indica) para obtener un insecticida botánico
Authors: Nyberg Malin , Picado Apolinar , Gamero Rafael , Martínez Joaquín
Published: December 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar experimentalmente la viabilidad de mejorar el procesamiento de hojuelas de nim en columnas, mediante la realización de la lixiviación del insecticida sin la remoción intermedia del solvente no-polar; y mediante la simultánea realización de ambas etapas de lixiviación. El secado de los solventes remanentes en las hojuelas de nim también se estudió experimentalmente. En la parte de lixiviación, los parámetros estudiados fueron tiempo de lixiviación, grosor de hojuelas, relación de volumen de solventes y volumen total de solventes. Estos parámetros mostraron tener una gran influencia en el rendimiento de los compuestos insecticidas, pero la influencia de la relación de solventes fue la más importante. Se demostró que más metanol que hexano tuvo que ser empleado para obtener un mayor rendimiento de compuestos insecticidas. El rendimiento de aceite fue influenciado principalmente por el grosor de las hojuelas. En la parte de secado, la temperatura del flujo de aire entrante tiene influencia en el proceso. Conclusiones sobre el tiempo de secado o la velocidad de secado no son posibles de realizar a partir de los resultados de los experimentos. Las variaciones en el tiempo de secado son demasiadas grandes y la velocidad de secado parece ser independiente de las condiciones de la etapa de lixiviación anterior.
Transition to hospital process orientation: The case of regional hospitals in Latvia
Authors: Barzdins Juris , Konstante Rita , Mitenbergs Uldis , Taube Maris
Published: December 2015

Management of processes instead of functions has growing importance into the health care. Transition to hospital process orientation (HPO) changes the way physicians and other health professionals have used to practice before. Study was performed to explore factors affecting introduction of HPO in Latvian hospitals responding to significant external pressures during the years of economic crisis to detect the best practices used for process management implementation in clinical setting. To reach the research goal dissimilarities between current performance and management of hospitals were explored. As changes in hospital reimbursement system demand improved efficiency, hospital’s performance was measured by decrease in avoidable hospitalisations, and increase in usage of more cost effective alternatives to a full hospitalisation. A regression analysis was performed to evaluate correlations of hospitalisation rates in Latvian hospitals to various outpatient health services utilisation indicators. This was done to exclude influence of external factors on hospital performance and to prove the positive impact of HPO initiatives on hospitalisation rate. Afterward the performance of all regional hospitals was compared and the two most distinct hospitals were selected for further in depth analysis. Operational data of the selected hospitals and a set of structured interviews outlined the differences between both hospital’s managerial practices and factors affecting the introduction of process oriented initiatives. The theoretical research together with comparative analysis of approaches used in both hospitals served as a basis for elaboration of recommendations towards development of HPO and facilitation of the development of self-management competence of health professionals.
Ouderenmishandeling
Authors: Plaisier I. , de Klerk M.
Published: December 2015

Exploring the nature and extent of elder abuse

Older people can become victims of abuse by someone they know and whom they depend on, such as family, friends or professional caregivers. Elder abuse is not always intentional, sometimes it is due to care falling short. Conducting a study to explore the prevalence of elder abuse is difficult. Commissioned by the Dutch State Secretary for Health, Welfare and Sport, the Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP) has brought together the current knowledge on this topic using the most recent data drawn from qualitative research, surveys of older persons, professionals and volunteers, and record data. The sources together do not produce an unambiguous picture of the actual number of victims in the Netherlands. All sources produce far lower figures than the estimated 200,000 based on a study of twenty years ago. The numbers found depend strongly on the research method and definition of the phenomenon.
Woningovervallen op ouderen: een zeldzaam, maar heftig fenomeen
Authors: Rovers B. , Mesu S.
Published: December 2015

Robberies on private homes of the elderly: a rare but violent crime

In recent years the total number of violent robberies in the Netherlands has gone down sharply, but the number of robberies on private homes doesn’t decline. Especially robberies on private homes of the elderly are notorious for the level of violence used by the attackers, while the loot is often negligible. In this article the authors investigate this offense. Chances of becoming a victim are very small, but people who are robbed in their own homes often face severe violence. On the one hand these high violence levels and consequential injuries are related to the age of the victims: the elderly resist the attackers more than younger people do, and because of their age they are more vulnerable to physical attacks. On the other hand the high levels of violence are typical of (all) robberies on private homes: the unknown space and the unpredictable behavior of residents contribute to this. Most of these robberies are poorly planned and executed. This also explains why so many of these incidents turn nasty. The elderly are not specially targeted, the reasons they are robbed do not differ from other robberies on private homes: the attackers expect an easy accessible and substantial loot. In many cases both assumptions turn out to be wrong. Risk factors and prevention options are discussed.
De doorslaggevende of beslissende stem van de OK-bestuurder
Authors: Salemink T.
Published: December 2015

De doorslaggevende of beslissende stem van de OK-bestuurder

In enquêteprocedures benoemt de Ondernemingskamer bij wijze van onmiddellijke voorziening met enige regelmaat een tijdelijk bestuurder met een doorslaggevende of beslissende stem. Uit de rechtspraak is echter niet zonder meer duidelijk wat deze begrippen inhouden. Voor de rechtspraktijk is een duidelijk(er) onderscheid van belang.
Een praktijkvennootschap voor een advocaat: de nieuwe kleren van de keizer?
Authors: Kraaipoel B.I.
Published: December 2015

Een praktijkvennootschap voor een advocaat: de nieuwe kleren van de keizer?

Op 18 september 2015 heeft de Hoge Raad een arrest gewezen over beroepsaansprakelijkheid van twee advocaten. Het artikel behandelt de vraag in hoeverre een beroepsbeoefenaar door zijn praktijkvennootschap wordt beschermd tegen persoonlijke aansprakelijkheid. Daarnaast wordt ingegaan op de vraag onder welke omstandigheden een werknemer aansprakelijk kan worden gehouden door de contractuele wederpartij van zijn werkgever.
Het recht op een bijstandsuitkering voor economisch niet-actieve EU-burgers na Alimanovic: het definitieve afscheid van de proportionaliteitstoets?
Authors: Eleveld A.
Published: December 2015

In het arrest Alimanovic staat de vraag centraal of een Zweedse onderdaan die onvrijwillig werkloos is geworden nadat ze enige tijd in Duitsland had gewerkt, uitgesloten mag worden van een Duitse premievrije publieke bijstandsuitkering. Zonder een individuele afweging te maken oordeelt het Hof van Justitie dat artikel 24 Richtlijn 2004/38/EG een dergelijke uitsluiting toestaat. Na het eerder gewezen arrest Dano bevestigt het Hof van Justitie met dit arrest dat het is overgegaan tot een ruimere uitleg van de toegestane beperkingen op het vrij verkeer van personen. Ook werkzoekende Unieburgers met een recent arbeidsverleden in een gastlidstaat mogen categoriaal worden uitgesloten van het recht op een bijstandsuitkering in deze lidstaat.

HvJ 15 september 2015, zaak C-67/14, Alimanovic, ECLI:EU:C:2015:597
Het arrest Leidschendam: de contextbenadering als toetsingskader voor staatssteun bij gebiedsontwikkeling
Authors: Saanen N.
Published: December 2015

Het arrest Leidschendam gaat over steunmaatregelen bij gebiedsontwikkeling en de invloed van (onder meer) de financiële crisis daarop. Het Gerecht laat in het arrest zien dat het oog heeft voor de complexiteit waarmee gebiedsontwikkeling is omgeven. Uit het arrest blijkt dat de Europese Commissie bij de beoordeling van steunmaatregelen, en meer in het bijzonder van de vraag of er een begunstiging van de onderneming heeft plaatsgevonden, de context waarin de steunmaatregel is vastgesteld in aanmerking moet nemen. Met deze nieuwe en ruime contextbenadering zet het Gerecht de Europese Commissie voor een grote uitdaging om dit soort projecten op de staatssteunaspecten te beoordelen.

Gerecht 30 juni 2015, gevoegde zaken T-186/13, 190/13 en 193/13, Gemeente Leidschendam-Voorburg e.a./Commissie, ECLI:EU:T:2015:447
Enkele gedachten over de arbeidsovereenkomst in het concern
Authors: Beltzer R.M.
Published: December 2015

Enkele gedachten over de arbeidsovereenkomst in het concern

De werknemer in het concern heeft veelal niet alleen te maken met degene met wie hij de arbeidsovereenkomst ondertekende, maar ziet zich tevens geconfronteerd met allerhande ‘derden’ die direct of indirect hun invloed uitoefenen op de arbeidsovereenkomst. Denk aan de situatie dat de werkgever niet meer in staat is het loon te betalen omdat de moedervennootschap al haar leningen heeft opgeëist. Een ander concernonderdeel kan zelfs in het geheel niet als derde worden ervaren, bijvoorbeeld in de veelvoorkomende situatie dat de werknemer binnen een concern feitelijk permanent werkt binnen een andere vennootschap dan die waarmee hij de arbeidsovereenkomst sloot. De centrale vraag van de auteur is of het recht voldoende rekening houdt met de arbeidsovereenkomst binnen het concern.
Drie ontwikkelingen in de rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad in 2015 over personenvennootschappen
Authors: de Groot C.
Published: December 2015

Drie ontwikkelingen in de rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad in 2015 over personenvennootschappen

In 2015 is de Hoge Raad in drie belangrijke uitspraken ingegaan op het personenvennootschapsrecht. De Hoge Raad besliste dat een vennoot die toetreedt tot een al bestaande vennootschap onder firma of als gewone vennoot toetreedt tot een al bestaande commanditaire vennootschap ook aansprakelijk is voor verbintenissen die al waren ontstaan vóór zijn toetreden. De Hoge Raad is tevens ingegaan op de vraag wanneer een commanditaire vennoot het zogenoemde bestuursverbod overtreedt. Ten slotte heeft de Hoge Raad beslist dat het faillissement van een vennootschap onder firma niet automatisch tot gevolg heeft dat ook de vennoten in staat van faillissement komen te verkeren.
Een praktijkstudie naar de pre-pack en de beoogd curator als vernieuwend instrument in de Nederlandse insolventiepraktijk
Authors: Beunk A.G.
Published: December 2015

Een praktijkstudie naar de pre-pack en de beoogd curator als vernieuwend instrument in de Nederlandse insolventiepraktijk

In dit onderzoek is door middel van negentien interviews met betrokkenen uit de brede insolventiepraktijk een model ontwikkeld ter beoordeling en toetsing van de effectiviteit van een pre-pack en een beoogd curator. Aan de orde komen daarbij de doelstelling, de afweging van de voor- en nadelen en de voorwaarden voor een pre-pack.
PARP voor schadeverzekeraars
Authors: ’t Hart F.M.A.
Published: December 2015

PARP voor schadeverzekeraars

De toenemende maatschappelijke druk op banken, verzekeraars en andere financiële dienstverleners om zo veel mogelijk zorg te dragen dat consumenten de juiste financiële beslissingen nemen, heeft tot nieuwe regelgeving geleid. Regelgeving die aanbieders van financiële producten verplicht om bij de ontwikkeling van hun producten – kort gezegd – rekening te houden met het klantbelang en om te bezien op welke wijze het ontwikkelde financiële product terechtkomt bij de doelgroep waarvoor het financiële product ook daadwerkelijk bedoeld is. De regels over productontwikkeling worden door de wetgever beschouwd als een nadere uitwerking van het algemene vereiste dat een financiële onderneming zorg dient te dragen voor een beheerste en integere bedrijfsuitoefening. De in 2013 ingevoerde regels behelzen meer dan een juridisch-technische toetsing van een voorgenomen financieel product. Ook zal rekening moeten worden gehouden met maatschappelijke inzichten en aspecten van reputationele aard. De commotie rondom het aanbod van een grote verzekeraar om klanten korting te geven op schadeverzekeringen indien klanten bereid zijn om bepaalde persoonsgegevens met de verzekeraar te delen, is daarvan een goed voorbeeld.
De accountant: immer een belangrijke poortwachter
Authors: Pheijffer M. , Jeurissen R.J.M.
Published: December 2015

De accountant: immer een belangrijke poortwachter

De accountant is een belangrijke actor in het maatschappelijk verkeer: hij voegt vertrouwen toe aan de financiële verantwoording van ondernemingen en andere organisaties. De auteurs gaan in hun bijdrage met name in op wat onder het ‘publiek belang’ en de ‘poortwachtersfunctie’ van de accountant dient te worden verstaan. De auteurs betogen dat naast de controlerende taak van de accountant, diens signalerende en waarschuwende rol van betekenis is. Indien de accountant die rol goed weet te vervullen, levert hij maatschappelijk bezien toegevoegde waarde. Die kan worden versterkt door de implementatie van de door de werkgroep Toekomst accountantsberoep voorgestelde maatregelen, 53 in getal.
Biodecolorization and Bioremediation of Denim Industrial Wastewater by Adapted Bacterial Consortium Immobilized on Inert Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Matrix: A First Approach with Biobarrier Model
Authors: Rajendran R , Prabhavathy P , Karthiksundaram S , Pattabi S , Dinesh Kumar S , Santhanam P
Published: December 2015

The present experiments were studied on bioremediation of denim industry wastewater by using polyurethane foam (PU foam) immobilized bacterial cells. About 30 indigenous adapted bacterial strains were isolated from denim textile effluent out of which only four isolates were found to be efficient against crude indigo carmine degradation using broth decolorization method. The selected bacterial strains were identified as Actinomyces sp., (PK 07), Pseudomonas sp., (PK 18), Stenotrophomonas sp., (PK 23) and Staphylococcus sp., (PK 28) based on microscopic and biochemical characteristics. The bacterial immobilized cells have the highest number of viable cells (PK07, PK18, PK23 and PK28 appeared to be 1 × 108, 1 × 109, 1 × 106 and 1 × 107 CFU/ml respectively) and maximum attachment efficiency of 92% on PU foam. The complete degradation using a consortium of PU foam immobilized cells was achieved at pH 6, 27°C, 100% of substrate concentration and allowed to develop biofilm for one day (1.5% W/V). In SEM analysis, it was found that immobilization of bacterial cells using PUF stably maintained the production of various extracellular enzymes at levels higher than achieved with suspended forms. Finally, isatin and anthranilic acid were found to be degradation products by NMR and TLC. The decolorized dye was not toxic to monkey kidney cell (HBL 100) at a concentration of 50 µl and 95% of cell viability was retained. A mathematical model that describes bacterial transport with biodegradation involves a set of coupled reaction equations with non-standard numerical approach based on the time step scheme.
Autochthonous Gut Bacteria in Two Indian Air-breathing Fish, Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus) and Walking Catfish (Clarias batrachus): Mode of Association, Identification and Enzyme Producing Ability
Authors: Banerjee Goutam , Dan Suhas K. , Nandi Ankita , Ghosh Pinki , Ray Arun K.
Published: December 2015

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to define the location of epithelium-associated bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of two Indian air-breathing fish, the climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The SEM examination revealed substantial numbers of rod shaped bacterial cells associated with the microvillus brush borders of enterocytes in proximal (PI) and distal regions (DI) of the GI tract of both the fish species. Ten (two each from the PI and DI of climbing perch and three each from the PI and DI of walking catfish) isolated bacterial strains were evaluated for extracellular protease, amylase and cellulase production quantitatively. All the bacterial strains exhibited high cellulolytic activity compared to amylolytic and proteolytic activites. Only two strains, CBH6 and CBH7, isolated from the DI of walking catfish exhibited high proteolytic activity. Maximum cellulase activity was exhibited by the strain, CBF2, isolated from the PI of climbing perch. Six most promising enzyme-producing adherent bacterial strains were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The strain ATH1 (isolated from climbing perch) showed high similarity to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens whereas, the remaining five strains (isolated from walking catfish) were most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis.
Le comique en vers chez Rostand : le sous-rire du lecteur
Authors: Degott Bertrand
Published: December 2015

Peu enclin aux formulations théoriques, Edmond Rostand doit beaucoup à Hugo mais aussi à Banville, dont il est l’héritier le plus populaire mais aussi le plus controversé. Notre projet est ici d’étudier les modalités du comique versifié dans son théâtre et dans sa poésie. Rostand traite la rime avec une virtuosité rare, notamment dans son théâtre où il demeure fidèle au vers traditionnel jusqu’à la mièvrerie ; ces tendances vont au reste s’affirmant à mesure que l’oeuvre progresse, au point d’hypertrophier la manière funambulesque. Toutefois, Rostand étant d’abord un élégiaque, sa poésie réserve au comique un usage plus mesuré. Au rire du spectateur de théâtre nous pouvons alors opposer le sous-rire du lecteur, conséquent à l’usage du vers.
Zola, le réalisme et l’imagination
Authors: Mourad François-Marie
Published: December 2015

Zola, on le sait, réprouve une imagination livrée à elle-même. Une remarque polémique parue dans la presse en 1866 sert de point de départ à une réflexion sur le statut de cette faculté dans la tradition réaliste. Le discrédit zolien radicalise l’opposition entre les usages déréglés de la fiction et les enjeux épistémologiques d’une littérature concernée par le réel. La question est alors d’actualité si l’on en juge par les contrepoints apportés par Balzac, Hugo, Baudelaire, Flaubert, moins réticents sur le principe d’une contribution active de l’imagination au sein même du projet réaliste. Zola précisera sa poétique dans Le roman expérimental (1879). On retient l’idée d’une « déchéance de l’imagination » mais deux nuances essentielles tempèrent ce postulat naturaliste : traquée au sein de l’inventio, l’imagination est recyclée dans la dispositio et l’elocutio ; elle est ensuite hypostasiée dans ce que Zola appelle « le sens du réel », avatar du réalisme tempéramentiel, d’origine romantique, défendu dans Mes haines. En définitive, la position de Zola, quand on la contextualise, qu’on la compare et qu’on la relativise, n’est pas si éloignée d’autres revendications en faveur du réalisme artistique.
Clown et Masque : deux figures d’altérité dans le roman migrant Le pavillon des miroirs de Sergio Kokis
Authors: Pascal Marie
Published: December 2015

Le pavillon des miroirs, roman autobiographique, présente un peintre écrivant sur son passé et imaginant un avenir meilleur. Au bord de la dépression, évoquant son enfance au Brésil, pays trop coloré et tumultueux, l’exilé se réfugie dans une pyramide et dans une attitude prostrée face à la nécessaire assimilation à un pays d’accueil jamais nommé. Mettant en mouvement non seulement deux attitudes opposées (envers le passé et le futur) mais aussi deux topoï (le Brésil, pays d’origine versus le Canada, pays d’accueil), les figures du clown et du masque sont développées tout au long de ce roman sur l’exil d’un artiste. En effet, Kokis file les métaphores annoncées par l’illustration-couverture et peint des figures de clowns exubérants et choquants, figures d’altérité rejetées par le monde qui les entoure. Parallèlement, les passages sur l’exil tendent à faire naître une figure plus fragile et subtile, celle du masque, discrète figure de l’Autre assimilé. Dans tous les cas, c’est l’Autre, le rejeté, le paria qui est présent et qui, dans ses différences, décrit le sentiment d’étrangeté de l’auteur. C’est par ce tourbillon de paradoxes que Kokis tente de représenter sa théorie artistique ainsi que la manière dont il perçoit la représentation de l’identité.
Antiguas excavaciones, nuevas respuestas. El yacimiento epimagdaleniense de la Cova del Clot de l'Hospital (Roquetes, Baix Ebre)
Authors: Bosch Argilagós Josep , Nadal Lorenzo Jordi , Román Monroig Dídac , Estrada Martín Alícia
Published: December 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar los materiales obtenidos con las excavaciones de Francesc Esteve Gálvez en la Cova del Clot de l’Hospital (Bajo Ebro), yacimiento de finales del Pleistoceno-inicios del Holoceno, descubierto por él mismo el año 1945. La representación de raspadores, truncaduras, buriles y laminitas de dorso, entre otros tipos, permite atribuirlo al Epimagdaleniense, atribución corroborada por dos fechas radiocarbónicas sobre huesos de fauna: 11.115 y 10.045 BP. De esta forma, este yacimiento se suma a un numeroso conjunto de yacimientos del período citado, conocidos en las provincias de Tarragona y de Castellón de la Plana. Así mismo, el estudio de los restos faunísticos ha determinado que fue ocupado por un grupo de cazadores que explotaron sus alrededores, abruptos y montañosos, como territorio estacional de caza de la cabra montés.
Urbanismo en la Marca Oriental de al-Andalus durante el Califato (940-974): el ejemplo de Madina Turtuša a través de las fuentes arqueológicas y escritas
Authors: Negre Pérez Joan , Martí Castelló Ramon
Published: December 2015

En este texto presentaremos las principales reformas que en la ciudad de ?ur??ša y su entorno más inmediato se llevaron a cabo durante las décadas centrales del siglo X. Entendemos que el período comprendido entre los años 940 y 974 supusieron un lapso de relativa estabilidad a ambos lados de la frontera entre al-Andalus y los condados catalanes. Es durante este momento cuando situamos una especialmente remarcable actividad por parte del Estado, a través de los gobernadores de la ciudad, de refuerzo de las estructuras defensivas y arquitectónicas dentro del ámbito urbano y periurbano. Analizaremos los casos de las murallas o el arsenal a nivel militar y la mezquita aljama o los baños en cuanto a obra civil, con el objetivo de presentar un esquema del importante programa de transformaciones al que la ciudad se vio abocada tras la instauración del Califato.
Risk Factors and Protective Factors for Lower-Extremity Running Injuries
Authors: Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel , Fernandez-Villarejo Marina
Published: December 2015

A review of the scientific literature was performed 1) to identify studies describing the most common running injuries and their relation to the risk factors that produce them and 2) to search for potential and specific protective factors. Spanish and English biomedical search engines and databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Database Enfermería Fisioterapia Podología [ENFISPO], Cochrane Library, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were queried (February 1 to November 30, 2013). A critical reading and assessment was then performed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Spanish tool. In total, 276 abstracts that contained the selected key words were found. Of those, 25 identified and analyzed articles were included in the results. Injuries result from inadequate interaction between the runner's biomechanics and external factors. This leads to an excessive accumulation of impact peak forces in certain structures that tends to cause overuse injuries. The main reasons are inadequate muscle stabilization and pronation. These vary depending on the runner's foot strike pattern, foot arch morphology, and sex. Specific measures of modification and control through running footwear are proposed.
EL PROBLEMA DEL EFECTO “WINDOW DRESSING” CON LAS BASES DE DATOS CONTABLES PARA TOMA DE DECISIONES
Authors: Mares Alberto Ibarra , Olivo Hebert Correa
Published: December 2015

To obtain and to structure the accounting data base and the financial data base arised from the former, three main kinds of problems have to be considered: the called “window dressing effect” as a phenomena of financial data distortions; distortion of the currency unit due to the high inflation rate that affects the accounting information; and, at least the lack of ratification in term of the presentation and comparison of the financial conditions of companies and countries. In this paper, we approach the case of “window dressing effect”, whose solution is considered as determinant in the short run to improve the trustworthy level and validity of the accounting system after the big corporate frauds happened in the beginning of the XXth. Century in the United States. Key words: Criative accounting. Positive Accounting. Window dressing effect.International ratification. Transparency
COMPARAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO ECONÔMICO E DE MERCADO DAS EMPRESAS: O CASO DAS COMPANHIAS CLASSIFICADAS NOS NÍVEIS DE GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA DA BOVESPA
Authors: Marcon Rosilene , De Souza Everson Manoel
Published: December 2015

This study had the objective to investigate the economical and of market performance of the Brazilian companies before and after the inclusion in the levels of corporate governance proposed by BOVESPA. The study period understood the years from 1999 to 2004, where the ratios were collected: Return on Equity, Return on Assets and Price-to-Book. The results showed good acting of the indicator P/VPA, due his/her the best performance of the Price-to-book. This conclusion is obtained through the evaluation of the behavior of the ratios, confronting the periods before and after event, as well as when being drawn comparative among the acting of the companies in relationship economic sector of performance. The comparative general of the ratios regarding the performance of the participant companies of the system of listing of BOVESPA it indicated that the great majority reached improvement of the performance, in other words, they presented larger return on assets and equity, as well as in the value of their actions after they migrate for some of the levels of corporate governance Key words: Economic performance. Bovespa. Corporate Governance.