bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Effective Electrolytes Toward High‐Performance Aluminum/Seawater Batteries
Authors: Xia Qingchao , Li Zhengnan , Liu Dewei , Song Nan , Zhang Nan , Ma Shuyang , Wu Zeliang , Yuan Weiyong
Published: June 2024

The poor performance of metal/water batteries caused by self‐corrosion of anodes and low catalytic activity of cathodes has been a long‐standing challenge, greatly limiting their practical applications, in particular the underwater unmanned vehicle (UUV) application. We have fabricated an Al/seawater battery using simulated seawater with an appropriate pH and added with polyacrylic acid (PAA) as the electrolyte. This electrolyte simultaneously greatly retards self‐corrosion of the Al anode by in situ forming a PAA‐Al3+ complex film on it and increases the electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction by improving the electronic structure of Pt. When utilizing the multielement‐doped Al sheet as the anode and nickel foam supported loading‐amount‐optimized Pt/C catalyst as the cathode and adopting the developed new electrolyte, the obtained Al/H2O battery exhibits an energy density of 2271 Wh kg−1, which is the highest among those of all the reported batteries, and a power density of 20.87 mW cm−2, which outperforms all the reported metal/H2O batteries. This work not only develops a new type of high‐performance Al/H2O batteries for practical applications such as UUVs, but provides scientific insight into the design of superior electrolytes, which could be further extended for improving the performances of various metal batteries.
Metabolic channeling of lipids via the contact zones between different organelles
Authors: Hanada Kentaro
Published: June 2024

Various lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) mediate the inter‐organelle transport of lipids. By working at membrane contact zones between donor and acceptor organelles, LTPs achieve rapid and accurate inter‐organelle transfer of lipids. This article will describe the emerging paradigm that the action of LTPs at organelle contact zones generates metabolic channeling events in lipid metabolism, mainly referring to how ceramide synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum is preferentially metabolized to sphingomyelin in the distal Golgi region, how cholesterol and phospholipids receive specific metabolic reactions in mitochondria, and how the hijacking of host LTPs by intracellular pathogens may generate new channeling‐like events. In addition, the article will discuss how the function of LTPs is regulated, exemplified by a few representative LTP systems, and will briefly touch on experiments that will be necessary to establish the paradigm that LTP‐mediated inter‐organelle transport of lipids is one of the mechanisms of compartmentalization‐based metabolic channeling events.
Stimulus equivalence and transfer of function: Teaching categorization skills to children
Authors: Clayborne Joy , Cengher Mirela , Frampton Rachel , Shawler Lesley
Published: June 2024

Equivalence‐based instruction (EBI) and transfer of function are effective with neurotypical adults and children; however, only one study to date evaluated their effectiveness with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used EBI to teach three preschool children with ASD to form three age‐appropriate classes (categories) consisting of three stimuli each. We directly taught two relations between stimuli in each class (e.g., firefighter‐doctor; doctor‐teacher), and the remaining relations between the stimuli (e.g., doctor‐firefighter, teacher‐doctor, doctor‐teacher, teacher‐doctor) emerged. Then, we taught participants to respond as listeners when asked about the function of a stimulus in each category (e.g., point to a state when asked, “Point to a place where people live”). As a result, the respective function transferred among the other stimuli in each category. This study supports the effectiveness of EBI and transfer of function with children with ASD learning age‐appropriate skills in an applied setting.
Patterns in the global diversity of mixed‐species bird flocks in relation to environmental factors
Authors: Wu Jiahao , Goodale Eben , Li Weiye , Zou Fasheng , Zhang Qiang
Published: June 2024

Preserving biodiversity requires an understanding of how natural environments and anthropogenic factors shape the global distribution of biological diversity. Moving beyond a focus on endangered species, conservation needs to also preserve the typical interactions among species that structure communities, such as those found in mixed‐species bird flocks (MSBFs). The objective of this study is to quantify the α and β diversity of MSBFs on a global scale and explore the influence of environmental factors. Based on data compiled from 172 global publications encompassing 2095 MSBF participating bird species, we investigated the distribution patterns and influencing factors of MSBFs at different latitudes globally. The findings revealed that the species diversity of MSBFs is higher at lower latitudes. In terms of β diversity, MSBFs exhibit high‐turnover at mid to low latitudes and nested patterns at higher latitudes. Environmental factors positively influencing α and β species diversity of MSBFs included temperature and solar radiation, while wind speed and human disturbance negatively affected diversity. Based on the wide distribution and conservation significance of MSBFs, we provide quantifiable data on their global diversity patterns and suggest that future animal conservation management strategies should prioritize a community‐based approach focused on interspecific interactions.
Blockchain‐enabled supply chain finance strategies for a circular economy revolution
Authors: Modgil Sachin , Gupta Shivam , Zhang Bobo , Bag Surajit
Published: June 2024

This study is centred on introducing a distinctive landscape towards a circular economy powered by blockchain‐enabled supply chain finance strategies. Our research examines five cases engaged in helping organisations achieve their circular economy targets. The objective is to establish a comprehensive framework for circular economy. Within these secondary data‐based case studies, we identify the challenges faced by a typical linear economy and how modern and blockchain‐driven platforms are helping businesses contribute to the circular economy. The outcome of our study proposes a three‐step approach unveiling blockchain technologies, supply chain finance strategies and enablers of circular economy contributing to 10R principles. Our study underscores how these cases across the globe can serve as valuable examples to other organisations, encompassing sectors from manufacturing to core‐service based such as e‐commerce. These sectors involve complex supply chains, and hence, blockchain‐enabled supply chain finance strategies can be a solution to foster a circular economy. In conclusion, our research not only provides theoretical and practical insights and implications for policymakers but also lays the groundwork for potential future research in this domain.
Biotechnological potential of yeast cell wall: An overview
Authors: Jofre Fanny Machado , Queiroz Sarah de Souza , Sanchez Diana Alva , Arruda Priscila Vaz , Santos Júlio César dos , Felipe Maria das Graças de Almeida
Published: June 2024

The yeast cell wall is a complex structure whose main function is to protect the cell from physical and chemical damage, providing it with rigidity. It is composed of a matrix of covalently linked polysaccharides and proteins, including β‐glucans, mannoproteins, and chitin, whose proportion can vary according to the yeast species and environmental conditions. The main components of the yeast cell wall have relevant properties that expand the possibilities of use in different industrial sectors, such as pharmaceutical, food, medical, veterinary, and cosmetic. Some applications include bioremediation, enzyme immobilization, animal feed, wine production, and hydrogel production. In the literature it is the description of the cell wall composition of model species like Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, however, it is important to know that this composition can vary according to the species or the culture medium conditions. Thus, understanding the structural composition of different species holds promise as an alternative to expanding the utilization of residual yeast from different bioprocesses. In the context of a circular economy, the conversion of residual yeast into valuable products is an attractive prospect for researchers aiming to develop sustainable technologies. This review provides an overview of yeast cell wall composition and its significance in biotechnological applications, considering prospects to increase the diversification of these compounds in industry.
Heading for the better future with my company: Work‐related prosocial intentions as a function of moral foundations and consideration of future consequences
Authors: Nowakowska Iwona , Duda Ewa , Szulawski Michał
Published: June 2024

In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether moral foundations and consideration of future consequences are related to prosocial intentions at work (corporate volunteering intention and pro‐environmental behaviours and practices). Four hundred forty participants, employees from medium‐ and large‐sized organisations, participated in the study. The results showed that most of the assumptions were confirmed. Individualising moral foundations were positively linked to corporate volunteering intentions and pro‐environmental behaviours and practices. Binding moral foundations were positively related to corporate volunteering intentions and general pro‐environmental behaviours at work but negatively to pro‐environmental individual practices. Consideration of future consequences related positively to corporate volunteering intentions and pro‐environmental behaviours at work only when individualising moral foundations were high. This relationship was also observed when binding moral foundations were low or average. The present findings are of interest to employers, corporate psychologists, business executives, and educators raising awareness about social and environmental responsibility.
Development of a Lignin‐Based Carrier ‐ Citronella Oil Nanoemulsion and Its Utilization as an Herbicide against Specific Weed Species
Authors: Restu Witta Kartika , Aryana Nurhani , Septiyanti Melati , Triwulandari Evi , Sampora Yulianti , Devy Yenni Apriliany , Muryanto  , Ghozali Muhammad , Meliana Yenny , Sondari Dewi , Fatriasari Widya , Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad , Hazwan Hussin Mohd. , Ogino Chiaki
Published: June 2024

This research aims to create an emulsion formulation utilizing lignin as a carrier and citronella oil for its application as a herbicide. The formulation composition includes lignin solution 55–62 %v/v, Tween 80 25 %w/v, propylene glycol 10 %w/v, and citronella oil 3–10 %w/v. The preparation steps involve preparing the oil phase by mixing tween 80 surfactant, propylene glycol, and citronella oil; preparing the aqueous phase by mixing lignin into distilled water at pH 12 with stirring; mixing the oil phase and the water phase accompanied by stirring at 5000–10000 rpm for 1–5 minutes until a stable solution is formed as a natural herbicide. The application outcomes revealed that the formulation successfully eliminated specific weeds within two to three days at the maximum concentration of 10 %, leaving no detectable herbicide residue after 7 and 15 days of treatment. The result demonstrates how green technology has the capacity to replace herbicides derived from chemicals, especially in the agricultural sector.
Unraveling the Electron Transfer in Cupriavidus necator – Insights Into Mediator Reduction Mechanics
Authors: Gemünde André , Ruppert Nils‐Lennart , Holtmann Dirk
Published: June 2024

Cupriavidus necator, despite lacking direct electron transfer capabilities, demonstrates efficient reduction of various redox mediators in oxygen‐free cultivation within bioelectrochemical systems. This study investigates the reduction site of ferricyanide through inhibition and expression rate analysis of oxygen and nitrate respiration chain complexes, comparing aerobic cultivation conditions with fructose as carbon and electron donor to autotrophic (CO2/H2/O2) and anodic cultivation conditions (fructose/anode). Azide inhibition identified cytochrome c oxidase as the primary complex facilitating electron transfer to ferricyanide, with a secondary role proposed for nitrite reductase NirS, demonstrating a 3.9±1.1‐fold higher expression when exposed to anodic conditions. The 2.9±0.6‐fold increase in the expression of the natural porin OmpA under anodic conditions implies its potential involvement in ferricyanide uptake. Additionally, chemically permeabilizing cell membranes with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide doubles ferricyanide reduction rates without an anode present, offering insights for optimizing redox mediation in C. necator based bioelectrochemical systems. This study opens up new possibilities for the targeted optimization of mediated electron transfer in C. necator and other organisms.
Real‐world evaluation of interconsensus agreement of risk of bias tools: A case study using risk of bias in nonrandomized studies‐of interventions (ROBINS‐I)
Authors: Saadi Samer , Hasan Bashar , Kanaan Adel , Abusalih Mohamed , Tarakji Zin , Sadek Mustafa , Shamsi Basha Ayla , Firwana Mohammed , Wang Zhen , Murad M. Hassan
Published: June 2024

Background

Risk of bias (RoB) tools are critical in systematic reviews and affect subsequent decision‐making. RoB tools should have adequate interrater reliability and interconsensus agreement. We present an approach of post hoc evaluation of RoB tools using duplicated studies that overlap systematic reviews.

Methods

Using a back‐citation approach, we identified systematic reviews that used the Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies‐of Interventions (ROBINS‐I) tool and retrieved all the included primary studies. We selected studies that were appraised by more than one systematic review and calculated observed agreement and unweighted kappa comparing the different systematic reviews' assessments.

Results

We identified 903 systematic reviews that used the tool with 51,676 cited references, from which we eventually analyzed 171 duplicated studies assessed using ROBINS‐I by different systematic reviewers. The observed agreement on ROBINS‐I domains ranged from 54.9% (missing data domain) to 70.3% (deviations from intended interventions domain), and was 63.0% for overall RoB assessment of the study. Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.131 (measurement of outcome domain) to 0.396 (domains of confounding and deviations from intended interventions), and was 0.404 for overall RoB assessment of the study.

Conclusion

A post hoc evaluation of RoB tools is feasible by focusing on duplicated studies that overlap systematic review. ROBINS‐I assessments demonstrated considerable variation in interconsensus agreement among various systematic reviewes that assessed the same study and outcome, suggesting the need for more intensive upfront work to calibrate systematic reviewers on how to identify context‐specific information and agree on how to judge it.
Autoassociative neural network for missing data imputation: A case study via the styrene production process
Authors: Agin Farough , Thibault Jules , Fauteux‐Lefebvre Clémence
Published: June 2024

A neural network‐based model is proposed to estimate missing values of incomplete datasets to augment their size. An autoassociative neural network (AANN), for which the output vector is identical to the input vector, was built for a styrene production process dataset. The proposed model was used to investigate the ability of an AANN to estimate one to three missing variables, evaluating the impact of the size of the datasets used and the level of correlation of the missing values with other process variables. Results show that the proposed AANN model can predict the process data even when the number of records used is relatively small. Moreover, the AANN method is suitable for estimating missing variables with an accuracy that depends on the correlation coefficient of the missing values with other process variables, keeping acceptable estimation for weakly‐correlated variables. Moreover, the model was tested on noisy data, and it is shown that the model trained on noisy data can also predict missing values in an acceptable estimation range.
Design, Synthesis and Bioactivity Evaluation of Ag(I)‐, Au(I)‐ and Au(III)‐Quinoxaline‐Wingtip N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Against Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Sahu Priyanka , Mandal Santi M. , Biswas Raju , Chakraborty Sourav , Natarajan Ramalingam , Isab Anvarhusein A. , Dinda Joydev
Published: June 2024

Intending to homogenize the biological activities of both quinoxaline and imidazole moieties, the proligand, 1‐methyl‐3‐quinoxaline‐imidazolium hexaflurophosphate (1.HPF6), and [Ag(1)2][PF6], (2); [Au(1)2][PF6], (3); and [Au(1)Cl3], (4) NHC complexes were synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Finally, single crystal X‐ray structures revealed a linear geometry for complex 2 whereas a square planar geometry for complex 4. The formation of complex 3 was confirmed and supported by its MS spectra. The antibacterial activities of all the synthesized complexes were investigated against gram‐positive bacteria and gram‐negative bacteria. The Au(III)‐NHC complex, 4 showed the highest antibacterial activity with extremely low MIC values against both the bacterial strains (0.24 μg mL−1). Monitoring of zeta potential supports the higher activity of complex 4 compared to 2 and 3. ROS production by complex 4 has also been measured in vitro in the CT26 cancer cell lines, which is directly responsible for targetting and killing the bacterial pathogens. Cell cytotoxicity assay using 293T cell lines has been performed to investigate the biocompatibility nature of complex 4. Also, an excellent hemocompatibility was assigned to it from its hemolytic studies, which provide valuable insights into the design of novel antibacterial agents.
Role of vertical circulating exosomes biomarkers in preeclampsia
Authors: Kalele Ketki , Nyahatkar Sidhanti , Sonar Swarup , Maharaj Niren Ray , Anand Krishnan
Published: June 2024

Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health. Recent research highlights the potential of vertical circulating exosomes (VCEs) as biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of preeclampsia. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication, carry bioactive molecules that are messengers of the parental cell status (healthy or undergoing any pathological condition). In preeclampsia, alterations in the cargo of VCEssuch as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids play the role of biomarkers in pathophysiology complications. These exosomal contents can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, immune response dysregulation, and placental abnormalities. Early identification of specific exosomal biomarkers may facilitate timely therapeutic interventions, improving outcomes for both mother and child. This article explores the emerging role of VCEs in preeclampsia, emphasizing their diagnostic and prognostic potential, and underscores the need for further research to validate these biomarkers and integrate them into clinical practice.
Adipocyte‐specific FAK deletion promotes pancreatic β‐cell apoptosis via adipose inflammatory response to exacerbate diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ding Fei , Zheng Peng , Fang Hong‐Ting , Luo Yuan‐Yuan , Yan Xi‐Yue , Chen Hui‐Jian , Yan You‐E
Published: June 2024

Background

White adipose tissue (WAT) has a key role in maintaining energy balance throughout the body, and their dysfunction take part in the regulation of diabetes mellitus. However, the internal regulatory mechanisms underlying are still unknown.

Methods and results

We generated adipocyte‐specific FAK KO (FAK‐AKO) mice and investigated their phenotype. The cascade of adipocyte, macrophage in adipocyte tissues, and pancreatic β‐cells were proposed in FAK‐AKO mice and validated by cell line studies using 3T3‐L1, Raw264.7 and Min6. The FAK‐AKO mice exhibited glucose intolerance, reduced adipose tissue mass and increased apoptosis, lipolysis and inflammatory response in adipose tissue. We further demonstrate that adipocyte FAK deletion increases β cell apoptosis and inflammatory infiltrates into islets, which is potentiated if mice were treated with STZ. In the STZ‐induced diabetes model, FAK AKO mice exhibit less serum insulin content and pancreatic β cell area. Moreover, serum pro‐inflammatory factors increased and insulin levels decreased after glucose stimulation in FAK AKO mice. In a parallel vitro experiment, knockdown or inhibition of FAK during differentiation also increased apoptosis, lipolysis and inflammatory in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, whereas the opposite was observed upon overexpression of FAK. Moreover, coculturing LPS‐treated RAW264.7 macrophages with knockdown FAK of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes increased macrophage pro‐inflammatory response. Furthermore, conditioned medium from above stimulated Min6 cells apoptosis (with or without STZ), whereas the opposite was observed upon overexpression of FAK. Mechanistically, FAK protein interact with TRAF6 in adipocytes and knockdown or inhibition of FAK activated TRAF6/TAK1/NF‐κB signaling, which exacerbates inflammation of adipocytes themselves.

Conclusion

Adipocyte FAK deletion promotes both adipocyte apoptosis and adipose tissue inflammation. Pro‐inflammatory factors released by the FAK‐null adipose tissue further trigger apoptosis in pancreatic islets induced by the administration of STZ, thereby exacerbating the diabetes mellitus. This study reveals a link between FAK‐mediated adipose inflammation and diabetes mellitus, a mechanism that has not been previously recognized.
Fecal microbiota transplantation of patients with anorexia nervosa did not alter flexible behavior in rats
Authors: Kooij Karlijn L. , Andreani Nadia Andrea , van der Gun Luna L. , Keller Lara , Trinh Stefanie , van der Vijgh Benny , Luijendijk Mieneke , Dempfle Astrid , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Seitz Jochen , van Elburg Annemarie , Danner Unna N. , Baines John , Adan Roger A. H.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are often anxious, display inflexible behavior and disrupted reward processing. Emerging evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis in patients contributes to the disease phenotype and progression.

Methods

In a preclinical study, we explored whether AN‐derived microbiota impacts cognitive flexibility, anxiety, and dopamine signaling using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in tyrosine hydroxylase‐cre rats. We performed probabilistic reversal learning task (PRLT) at the baseline, after antibiotic treatment, and following FMT from patients with AN and controls. We assessed flexible behavior, task engagement, and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine signaling during and in the absence of reward. Furthermore, anxiety‐like behavior was evaluated with open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests.

Results

Neither antibiotic‐induced dysbiosis nor AN FMT led to significant alterations in the number of reversals or lever press strategies after reinforced or nonreinforced lever presses (win and lose‐stay) in the PRLT. However, the number of initiated trials decreased after antibiotic treatment while remaining unchanged after FMT. No significant differences were observed in VTA dopamine activity, anxiety measures in the OF and EPM tests. Microbiome analysis revealed limited overlap between the microbiota of the donors and recipients.

Discussion

No evidence was found that the microbiota of patients compared to controls, nor a depleted microbiome impacts cognitive flexibility. Nonetheless, antibiotic‐induced dysbiosis resulted in reduced task engagement during the PRLT. The relatively low efficiency of the FMT is a limitation of our study and highlights the need for improved protocols to draw robust conclusions in future studies.

Public Significance

While our study did not reveal direct impacts of AN‐associated gut microbiota on cognitive flexibility or anxiety behaviors in our preclinical model, we observed a decrease in task engagement after antibiotic‐induced dysbiosis, underscoring that the presence of a gut microbiome matters. Our findings underscore the need for further refinement in FMT protocols to better elucidate the complex interplay between gut microbiota and behaviors characteristic of anorexia nervosa.
Tuning MXenes Towards Their Use in Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Ontiveros Diego , Vela Sergi , Viñes Francesc , Sousa Carmen
Published: June 2024

Finding appropriate photocatalysts for solar‐driven water (H2O) splitting to generate hydrogen (H2) fuel is a challenging task, particularly when guided by conventional trial‐and‐error experimental methods. Here, density functional theory (DFT) is used to explore the MXenes photocatalytic properties, an emerging family of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides with chemical formula Mn+1XnTx, known to be semiconductors when having Tx terminations. More than 4,000 MXene structures have been screened, considering different compositional (M, X, Tx, and n) and structural (stacking and termination position) factors, to find suitable MXenes with a bandgap in the visible region and band edges that align with the water‐splitting half‐reaction potentials. Results from bandgap analysis show how, in general, MXenes with n = 1 and transition metals from group III present the most cases with bandgap and promising sizes, with C‐MXenes being superior to N‐MXenes. From band alignment calculations of candidate systems with a bandgap larger than 1.23 eV, the minimum required for a water‐splitting process, Sc2CT2, Y2CT2 (Tx = Cl, Br, S, and Se) and Y2CI2 are highlighted as adequate photocatalysts.
Preparation of longan shell biochar and its application in fabrication of nitrite electrochemical sensing electrode
Authors: Chen Qian , Wang Limin , He Minghao , Wang Yuxin , Bi Decheng , Huang Jianzi , Wang Chaogang , Xu Xu , Hu Zhangli , Xu Hong
Published: June 2024

Longan shells were treated with or without phosphoric acid activation in different pyrolysis processes, to obtain four biochar materials including direct pyrolysis‐longan shell biochar (D‐LSB), stage pyrolysis‐longan shell biochar (S‐LSB), phosphoric acid activation with direct pyrolysis‐longan shell biochar (PD‐LSB), and phosphoric acid activation with stage pyrolysis‐longan shell biochar (PS‐LSB). This study is to screen out the LSB with the best electrochemical property, being applied in the fabrication of nitrite sensing electrode. A series of structural and electrochemical characterizations revealed that PD‐LSB featured hierarchically porous structures, the largest specific surface area and pore volume as well as the best conductivity, and was applied to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) after mixed with chitosan, to fabricate the electrochemical sensing electrode PD‐LSB/CS/GCE for nitrite detection. The operating condition and performance of the fabricated nitrite sensing electrode were investigated, and the results indicated that it showed the optimal response signal for nitrite detection at pH=3.0, with a linear detection range of 200.0–30000.0 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.08 μM. The fabricated nitrite sensing electrode also exhibited a good reproducibility, reproducibility and stability as well as good anti‐interference ability, and was applied for the nitrite detection in real aqueous samples successfully. This study provides useful reference information for the preparation of novel biomass materials, and an innovative electrochemical analytical technique for the quick and accurate detection of nitrite in aqueous samples.
A venturi device for stable addition of foaming agent to self‐suction liquid at high flow rates
Authors: Lu Caiyuan , Wu Yuxin , Chen Mujun , Liang Yuntao
Published: June 2024

To achieve a stable addition of foaming agent under high flow rates, an independently designed venturi structure with self‐suction of liquid to add foaming agent was numerically simulated. We simulated the effects of different self‐suction liquid structures' diameters (diameter of the tube in which the liquid is sucked in), contraction angles, throat length, and position on the suction liquid ratio (ratio of venturi self‐suction liquid flow rate to total flow rate), compared and analyzed the data, and determined the optimal self‐suction liquid structures parameters. The suction liquid ratio shows a tendency to first stabilize and then decrease as the outlet pressure increases. When the outlet pressure in range of 0.30–0.45 MPa, the suction liquid ratio remains stable at 1.14%. However, as the outlet pressure increases, the ability of the venturi structure to add foaming agent through the self‐suction liquid decreases under high flow rates, causing the suction liquid ratio to rapidly decrease to a minimum value of 0.60 MPa. We have conducted a detailed analysis of the process and flow field of suction liquid. As the outlet pressure increases, the high‐speed area of the throat gradually shrinks, and the flow field in the diffusion section fluctuates. When the outlet pressure is 0.6 MPa and the velocity field shifts toward the upper part of the diffusion section, the cavitation area will gradually disappear and lose its liquid suction ability.
Advancing the concept of windows of opportunity to explore the dynamics of the sustainability transition: The development of the EV market in the UK
Authors: Arslangulov Ural , Ackrill Robert
Published: June 2024

In this study, we seek to understand the interplay between industry and policy, to explain how and why the UK shifted from the promotion of low‐emission road transportation, to policy based on zero tailpipe‐emission electric vehicles (EVs), as part of its evolving net zero ambitions. For this, we unify the Multi‐Level Perspective, Multiple Streams Framework, and Multi‐Level Governance into a synthetic model—the Multi‐Level Governance and Strategy model. Within this, we identify distinct windows of opportunity (WoO) that relate to each of the technology, policy, and market factors that needed to come together to put the UK automotive industry on a specific trajectory. Utilizing (pragmatist) grounded theory to analyze our extensive interview and documentary data, we find that this trajectory resulted from the interplay of technology innovators and policy entrepreneurs in different WoO, to achieve the ultimate goal of a functioning market for EVs.
An integrated method for extracting channel network with check dams from high‐resolution DEM on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Fan Shihao , Zhang Hongming , Pu Pan , Dong Liang , Sun Hongguang , Li Hongyi , Xu Chao , Kang Bingyi , Ji Zhengjie , Chen Ruxue , Yu Wenhu , Ritsema Coen J. , Geissen Violette
Published: June 2024

Channel networks have been widely used to model sediment transport and accumulation. Extracting channel networks in the check dam region from digital elevation models on the Loess Plateau can facilitate effective decision‐making and planning for soil and water conservation. Three methods are generally used to ensure the continuity of channel networks by removing check dams as hydrological barriers: filtering, filling and breaching. However, these methods may still cause disruption and displacement of the channel network owing to the existence of check dams. This study presents the development of an integrated method (improved regional growth and linear feature detection [iRG‐LFD]) for extracting natural continuous channel networks and locating check dams. First, a proposed improved region growth method based on channel and check dam terrain features was used to extract the complete channel network. Subsequently, the line segment detector for extracting straight lines was then improved to separate lines with different slopes. Finally, by combining the channel network and line segment detector results, a cross model was proposed for extracting check dams of different sizes. The experimental results for the Wangmaogou and Zhoutungou catchments showed minimal errors when the proposed method was used to extract the channel network, and F1‐scores of 86.67% and 86.95% were obtained for the predicted check dam samples in the two catchments, respectively. The results indicate that this method can be effectively used to extract continuous natural channel networks and accurately identify check dams and can thus be used to design soil and water conservation measures.
Where are the alcohol advertising hotspots near schools?
Authors: Mandzufas Joelie , Lombardi Karen , Johnston Robyn S. , Bivoltsis Alexia , Howard Justine , Hooper Paula , Trapp Gina S. A.
Published: June 2024

Issue Addressed

Physically locating liquor stores near schools can strongly influence the chances of youth accessing and consuming alcohol, and may also increase children's exposure to alcohol advertising. Investigating the association between the presence of a liquor store near a school and the prevalence of outdoor alcohol advertising is crucial from a policy perspective, as it can inform future regulations on the placement of liquor stores and outdoor advertising near educational institutions.

Methods

All outdoor alcohol advertising within a 500 m radius (audit zone) of 64 randomly selected schools from local government areas across metropolitan Perth was identified by direct observation; recording the size, setting, location and content of each advertisement. Results were compared based on whether the school audit zone contained a liquor store or not.

Results

Over half (n = 36, 56%) of all school audit zones had at least one alcohol advertisement, with an average number of 5.9 alcohol advertisements per zone (SD = 10.2). The majority (97.9%) of advertisements were in the 38 audit zones containing a liquor store (average = 9.7, SD = 11.9 per zone), compared to zones without a liquor store (average = .3, SD = .7 per zone).

Conclusions

Perth school zones containing a liquor store in their 500 m radius had, on average, 30 times more outdoor alcohol advertising, compared with school zones without a nearby liquor store.

So What?

The siting of liquor stores and the display of alcohol advertisements around educational settings require combined policy, planning and public health approaches to mitigate children's exposure to alcohol marketing, especially during school transit.
Numerical simulation of thermal performance of heat sink augmented with phase change material PCM integrated with solid and aluminum metal foam fins
Authors: Theeb Ali Hussein F. , Hussain Ihsan Y.
Published: June 2024

This study introduced a novel numerical modeling for the evaluation of a hybrid heat sink design by replacing the solid fins with aluminum foam fins (AFF) for the same thickness of 2 mm within a phase change material (PCM). This innovation is designed to enhance thermal performance in electronic cooling applications. Heat fluxes of 2, 3, and 4 kW/m2 were applied to the base. The performance has been verified at set point temperatures (SPT) of 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C, encompassing a range relevant to various applications. Different AFF thicknesses (4 and 6 mm) and foam porosities (0.85, 0.90, and 0.95) were investigated. The study demonstrated that AFFs improve heat transfer by increasing fin surface area and by effectively raising the thermal conductivity of the PCM. Compared to the SF heat sink, the results show that the AFF design extended the operational time by 5%–8% for the range of heat fluxes. Notably, AFFs with a thickness of 6 mm achieved a significant 41% improvement in the operation time at a lower SPT (60°C). The metal foam porosity of ε = 0.85 exhibited superior thermal performance within the investigated temperature range. This research paves the way for optimizing hybrid heat sink designs using metal foam for efficient thermal management and reduction of weight.
The m6A‐independent role of epitranscriptomic factors in cancer
Authors: Bove Guglielmo , Crepaldi Marco , Amin Sajid , Megchelenbrink Wouter Leonard , Nebbioso Angela , Carafa Vincenzo , Altucci Lucia , Del Gaudio Nunzio
Published: June 2024

Protein function alteration and protein mislocalization are cancer hallmarks that drive oncogenesis. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) deposition mediated by METTL3, METTL16, and METTL5 together with the contribution of additional subunits of the m6A system, has shown a dramatic impact on cancer development. However, the cellular localization of m6A proteins inside tumor cells has been little studied so far. Interestingly, recent evidence indicates that m6A methyltransferases are not always confined to the nucleus, suggesting that epitranscriptomic factors may also have multiple oncogenic roles beyond m6A that still represent an unexplored field. To date novel epigenetic drugs targeting m6A modifiers, such as METTL3 inhibitors, are entering into clinical trials, therefore, the study of the potential onco‐properties of m6A effectors beyond m6A is required. Here we will provide an overview of methylation‐independent functions of the m6A players in cancer, describing the molecular mechanisms involved and the future implications for therapeutics.
The safety and efficacy of myomectomy in the treatment of recurrent uterine fibroids after HIFU
Authors: Bao Yi‐Ming , Ma Wang‐Wa , Li Shuang , Jiang Li , Yang Mei‐jie , Chen Jin‐Yun
Published: June 2024

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of myomectomy for recurrent uterine fibroids (UFs) after high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Patients who underwent abdominal myomectomy (AM) and laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) from January 2018 to December 2021 at the Three Gorges Hospital of Chongqing University were included. Among them, 73 had undergone prior HIFU ablation (Group 1), while 120 had not undergone HIFU (Group 2). Outcome measures included operating time, estimated blood loss (EBL), blood transfusion, postoperative activity times (PAT), duration of hospital stay (DOHS), and complications.

Results

The operating time was 90.0 min (70.5, 115.0) for Group 1 and 110.0 min (81.5, 130.0) for Group 2 (P < 0.05). During all AM pathways, there were no significant differences observed between the two groups in EBL, blood transfusion, PAT, DOHS, and complications; however, operating time was shorter in Group 1. The operating time, EBL, blood transfusion, PAT, DOHS, and complications were similar in both groups during LM pathway. During the follow‐up 40 (range: 24–53) months, the rate of relief, recurrence, and reintervention in Groups 1 and 2 was 78.1% versus 74.1%, 14.6% versus 16.4%, and 3.7% versus 2.6%, respectively (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Myomectomy is a safe and effective surgical method for treating recurrent UFs after HIFU. Myomectomy for treating recurrent UFs resulted in a shorter operative and hospital stay, reduced blood loss, faster postoperative recovery, and fewer complications, better symptom relief rates, and lower risk of recurrence or reintervention. These findings indicate that previous HIFU ablation does not worsen the outcomes of the subsequent myomectomy.
Comparison of community pharmacy‐measured blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: A pilot study
Authors: Tran Christine , Alhomoud Ibrahim S. , Taylor Kristi , Kaefer Tana , Sabo Roy , Dixon Dave L.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Blood pressure (BP) measured by 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a better predictor of hypertension (HTN)‐related end‐organ damage than office BP; however, it is not always available nor tolerated by patients. Community pharmacy‐measured blood pressure (CPBP) could serve as a potential alternative, although it is unknown whether CPBP is equivalent to BP measured using ABPM.

Objectives

The primary objective of this pilot study was to explore the equivalency of CPBP compared with awake ABPM.

Methods

This was a pilot, single‐arm, equivalency study of adults ≥21 years with HTN, taking ≥1 antihypertensive with no changes in the prior 2 weeks. Exclusion criteria included night shift workers, sleep apnoea, arrhythmia, on dialysis, pregnancy or an arm circumference > 50 cm. Three unattended seated BP measurements were obtained in both arms at a community pharmacy and followed by 24‐h ABPM. At the return visit, seated BP measurements were repeated; the mean across both visits served as the CPBP. The primary outcome was the equivalency of systolic BP measured at the community pharmacy to awake BP measured using ABPM. The continuous outcome (BP) was modelled against a binary fixed effect for the measurement device (CPBP vs. ABPM) and a subject‐level random effect to account for the multiple BP readings arising from the same individuals.

Results

The 25 participants had a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 65 (15) years, 80% were female, and 36% identified as Black or Latino. The mean (SD) systolic BP was 128.0 (20.2) and 129.1 (15.8) mmHg for CPBP and awake ABPM, respectively (p = 0.8409). No significant differences were found between the mean diastolic BP or heart rate for CPBP vs. 24‐h ABPM or CPBP vs. daytime ABPM.

Conclusion

The difference between CPBP and ABPM was not statistically significant; however, we cannot claim equivalence between the two approaches.
Mediation analyses of longitudinal data investigating temporal associations between inflated sense of responsibility, obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and anger suppression
Authors: Müller Celina L. , Jelinek Lena , Schmidt Alexander F. , Mannsfeld Anna K. , Miegel Franziska , Cludius Barbara
Published: June 2024

Objective

Cognitive theories emphasize the central role of anger and anger suppression in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). According to these theories, anger suppression is seen as a consequence of OCD, whereas cognitive beliefs, such as an inflated sense of responsibility, are seen as antecedent factors. To extend the findings from cross‐sectional studies, the current study investigated the temporal associations between OCD symptoms, an inflated sense of responsibility, and anger suppression. Consistent with cognitive considerations, we hypothesized that OCD symptoms mediate the association between feelings of responsibility and anger suppression. These associations were also explored in patients presenting particularly high checking‐related symptoms. Further, the stability of effects beyond controlling for depressive symptoms and medication intake was explored.

Methods

A total of N = 48 patients with OCD (50% female, M = 32.46 [SD = 10.63] years of age) completed measures on obsessive beliefs, OCD symptoms, and anger suppression at three assessment points: before and after a metacognitive intervention as well as at a follow‐up 6 months later. Mediation models investigating symptom associations at these three timepoints were conducted. Exploratory analyses investigating these associations in individuals presenting high checking‐related symptoms (n = 20) and testing the stability of effects beyond controlling for depressive symptoms and medication intake were conducted.

Results

The sense of responsibility did not significantly predict the level of anger suppression. A temporal association between OCD symptoms (as assessed with the self‐report measure) and anger suppression could be evidenced, which was stable beyond controlling for depressive symptoms and medication intake. Against the expectations based on cognitive theories, the sense of responsibility did not predict OCD symptoms. No mediating effect of OCD symptoms was found.

Conclusion

In line with cognitive viewpoints, the present study shows that higher OCD symptoms predict higher levels of anger suppression in a longitudinal design, thereby contributing to the suppression of anger. This effect seems to be independent from depressive symptoms and medication intake. The effect of sense of responsibility on OCD symptoms was less clear and could only be found in the subgroup of patients with OCD and checking‐related symptoms, who generally presented higher levels of responsibility. Overall, this is the first study demonstrating temporal associations between OCD symptoms and anger suppression. Acknowledging that anger and anger suppression may be a consequence of OCD symptoms and may also affect aspects of psychotherapy, which can ultimately inform future adjustments to psychotherapeutic treatment.
Loss of NLRP6 increases the severity of kidney fibrosis
Authors: Valiño‐Rivas Lara , Pintor‐Chocano Aranzazu , Carriazo Sol M. , Sanz Ana B. , Ortiz Alberto , Sanchez‐Niño Maria D.
Published: June 2024

While NLRP3 contributes to kidney fibrosis, the function of most NOD‐like receptors (NLRs) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unexplored. To identify further NLR members involved in the pathogenesis of CKD, we searched for NLR genes expressed by normal kidneys and differentially expressed in human CKD transcriptomics databases. For NLRP6, lower kidney expression correlated with decreasing glomerular filtration rate. The role and molecular mechanisms of Nlrp6 in kidney fibrosis were explored in wild‐type and Nlrp6‐deficient mice and cell cultures. Data mining of single‐cell transcriptomics databases identified proximal tubular cells as the main site of Nlrp6 expression in normal human kidneys and tubular cell Nlrp6 was lost in CKD. We confirmed kidney Nlrp6 downregulation following murine unilateral ureteral obstruction. Nlrp6‐deficient mice had higher kidney p38 MAPK activation and more severe kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Similar results were obtained in adenine‐induced kidney fibrosis. Mechanistically, profibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) and TWEAK decreased Nlrp6 expression in cultured tubular cells, and Nlrp6 downregulation resulted in increased TGF‐β1 and CTGF expression through p38 MAPK activation, as well as in downregulation of the antifibrotic factor Klotho, suggesting that loss of Nlrp6 promotes maladaptive tubular cell responses. The pattern of gene expression following Nlrp6 targeting in cultured proximal tubular cells was consistent with maladaptive transitions for proximal tubular cells described in single‐cell transcriptomics datasets. In conclusion, endogenous constitutive Nlrp6 dampens sterile kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Loss of Nlrp6 expression by tubular cells may contribute to CKD progression.
A highly effective method for the environmentally friendly production of novel chromene derivatives using electron deficient compounds
Authors: Shafaei Faezeh , Hargalani Fariba Zamani , Ghazvini Maryam
Published: June 2024

New, high‐yield derivatives of oxepino[3,2‐c]chromene were synthesized through a multicomponent reaction. This reaction involved 2‐hydroxyacetophenone, dimethyl carbonate, activated acetylenic compounds, and alkyl bromide. The reaction took place at room temperature in an aqueous environment, resulting in the formation of these innovative compounds. Oxathiepines were synthesized using multicomponent reactions of 2‐hydroxyacetophenone, dimethyl carbonate, isothiocyanate, and alkyl bromide in water at room temperature. This technology offers several benefits, including quick response times, high product yields, and easy product separation using straightforward techniques.