bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Optiglaze Material on Wear Resistance of Thermoplastic Resin
Authors: Yousuf  Hameed Najwah , Kareem Jabbar Maha , Kadhim Ghadeer Fatima
Published: December 2023

Statement of problem: The wear resistance for flexible denture base material.

 Purpose: The purpose of the study was to measure the wear resistance, of flexible acrylic denture base material; after being coated with light-polymerized glaze material.

Materials and methods: A total of (30) Thermoplastic resin specimens were divided into three groups according to the tests, each group consisted of 10 specimens (A) control group had no surface treatment, group (B) specimens surface was treated with Optiglaze materials after finishing and polishing; group (C) specimens was treated with Optiglaze materials after finishing only without polishing. Each specimen's weight loss was measured by comparing the weights before and after the wear test. Collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS.

Results: The results of this study showed the higher mean values for wear resistance was registered by (C) group which was 8.7420,followed by (B) group which was 7.3210,while the lowest mean value related to the (A) group which was 7.0907.

 Conclusion: Statistically wear values were lower for groups C & D and higher in group A.

Clinical implications: This study may be useful in assisting dental professionals and technicians in selecting the best polishing and coating material for dentures. Coating flexible acrylic resin denture materials with an Optiglaze to improve wear resistance.
IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF URBAN SYSTEMS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ON THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Reshetchenko A. , Teliura N. , Konovalov A.
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the main aspects of green building implementation as an element of promoting the achievement of sustainable development goals and improving the environmental safety of urbanized systems. The article highlights the sustainable development goals on which green building has a direct or indirect impact, indicating the criteria for improving the environment, promoting resource conservation and energy efficiency.

Today, the construction industry in Ukraine is one of the largest polluters of the environment, along with industrial enterprises and transportation. That is why the issue of minimizing the construction industry's impact on the environment is relevant.

To determine the real impact of a building on the environment, it is proposed to use innovative methods, such as life cycle analysis, which is a systematic approach to assessing the environmental and social impact of a building throughout its life, including design, construction, operation, and reconstruction/demolition. This analysis helps to determine the optimal construction solutions, taking into account the requirements of biosphere compatibility and sustainable development.

The article describes the main advantages of green building. Green buildings use energy-efficient technologies and materials that help reduce emissions of harmful substances into the air and water. This helps to reduce environmental pollution and improve air quality. Green buildings often use solar panels, wind turbines, and other sources of renewable energy to help reduce dependence on fossil fuel consumption and ensure a stable energy supply. Green buildings aim to reduce the consumption of natural resources, such as water and wood, through the implementation of efficient resource management systems and the use of recycled materials. Green building can contribute to the development of sustainable infrastructure, such as efficient water supply, sewerage and urban transport systems, which ensures the sustainable functioning of urbanized systems. The article highlights the main concepts that contribute to improving environmental safety and achieving sustainable development goals: the use of energy-efficient materials and technologies, the use of renewable energy sources, reducing the consumption of natural resources, and promoting the development of sustainable infrastructure in urbanized systems.

The author highlights the limited legal, regulatory and legislative framework for the implementation of green building as one of the elements for further analysis of the possibility of implementing European standards in state legislation. Keywords: environmental safety, green building, sustainable development, urban systems, innovative solutions
PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF MULTICHANNEL BUS ARBITRATORS OF COMPUTER NETWORK INTERFACES
Authors: Litvinov A.
Published: December 2023

Probabilistic analysis was conducted on the functioning algorithms of bus arbiters within the ‘Common Bus’ interface of computer networks. The research employed the theory of random impulse flows as its apparatus. Analytical dependencies were derived to calculate the average waiting time for service requests from network subscribers. The first-come-first-serve and round-robin service algorithms provided better service uniformity than priority algorithms.
Keywords: algorithm, service, request–impulse, interface, bus arbiter, common bus.
ON THE QUESTION OF DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF ‘ARCHITECTURAL LANDSCAPE OF THE CITY’
Authors: Loktionova O.
Published: December 2023

The article highlights the problem of the absence of a holistic concept that could fully characterise the city. The idea of studying the city as a whole organism is not new. However, urban theories usually reveal one or several aspects, and the rest remain neglected. We used the historical-genetic and systematic methods of research and considered a few city-planning and urbanistic theories in development, showing which aspects of city life they illuminate and which remain undefined. So, we analysed the chronology of stages of the development of urban planning and drew a parallel with the sequence of the emergence of architecture, urban-planning, and urban theories. Theories demonstrating the evolution of theoretical thought from the twentieth century to the present are considered to determine the problems. Therefore, the research begins with the emergence of the concept of ‘garden city’ by E. Howard, includes the study of the formation of the concepts of districts and neighbourhoods, then the change in the concept of urban planning to urbanism, the invention of the concept of the urban environment by Glazychev, and ends with modern research on this issue. The analysis of the existing theories showed that all the proposed ones do not have a comprehensive overview and study one or several aspects without taking into account others. We identified seven core aspects of the architectural landscape of the city: geological-geographical, historical-cultural, semantic, functional, scenario, phenomenological, and social. The concept of architectural landscape combines all the listed above aspects of the study of the city. We are considering that the combination of the main aspects will avoid incompleteness and fragmentation of its understanding and will allow us to see and develop a comprehension of the life of the urban organism. Therefore, this article proposes to introduce a new concept of the architectural landscape of the city that, by forming a holistic view, would help to fill in the blank spots in modern urban theory.
Keywords: theory of architecture, urbanism, theory of urban planning, architectural landscape, urban environment.
The Impact of Melatonin on Inflammatory Status and Quality of Life
Authors: Chae Boram , Park Young-Min , Lee So-Jin , Lee Jin-Seong , Kang Seung-Gul , Na Kyoung-Sae , Kim Eui-Joong , Yoon Ho-Kyoung
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether the use of melatonin as an initial insomnia treatment can enhance inflammatory status and quality of life (QoL). We also explored a potential correlation between these improvements and sleep pattern ameliorations and whether baseline status correlated to differences in sleep quality, inflammatory status, and QoL. Methods: We enrolled 67 subjects from 6 different hospitals who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) insomnia criteria. The patients took 2 mg per day of prolonged-release melatonin (PRM) for 8 weeks. We administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index to assess QoL at baseline, week 4, and week 8. We measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels to determine inflammatory status at baseline and week 8.Results: The mean global PSQI score declined significantly from 13.97 to 10.39 (p<0.001) after 8 weeks of PRM treatment. The mean WHO-5 Well-Being Index score improved significantly from 7.30 to 11.0 (p<0.001) over the study period. The mean TNF-α nonsignificantly declined from 0.62 to 0.60 (p=0.28). The PSQI improvement over 8 weeks was correlated to the baseline PSQI score (r=0.40, p=0.001). The decrease in TNF-α over 8 weeks was correlated to the baseline TNF-α level (r=0.43, p<0.001).Conclusion: This study reported measurable improvement in sleep quality and QoL after 8 weeks of PRM. Although the decrease in TNF-α level over 8 weeks was not significant, it showed correlation to the baseline TNF-α level. PRM can prevent excessive inflammation and may be beneficial in chronic inflammation involving TNF-α.
Efficacy of Prolonged-Release Melatonin Administration in Elderly Patients With Treatment Resistant Insomnia: A Post-Hoc Analysis
Authors: Park Young-Min , Lee So-Jin , Lee Jin-Seong , Na Kyoung-Sae , Kang Seung-Gul , Lee Bun-Hee , Yoon Ho-Kyoung , Kim Eui-Joong
Published: December 2023

Objective: Melatonin, both immediate and prolonged-release formulations, has been explored as an adjunctive treatment for insomnia, with prolonged-release melatonin demonstrating enhanced efficacy compared to its immediate-release counterpart. However, there remains a gap in understanding its effectiveness specifically in individuals with treatment-resistant insomnia, who continue to experience sleep difficulties despite using traditional hypnotic medications.Methods: An 8-week prospective, open-label, observational study was conducted on 115 patients aged 55 years or older with insomnia several years ago. This is a post-hoc analysis, which was performed on 63 out of 115 patients who were already taking hypnotics and still reported symptoms of insomnia. Per protocol (n=40) and last observation carried forward (LOCF) approaches (n=63) were used, assessing changes in sleep indicators after administering 2 mg of prolonged-release melatonin. Psychometric scales including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and WHO-5 Well-Being Index were used for evaluation at baseline, week 4, and week 8.Results: The per protocol and LOCF analysis revealed substantial improvements in sleep latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and total PSQI scores after 8 weeks of prolonged-release melatonin treatment. The LOCF analysis also revealed WHO-5 Well-Being Index significantly increased. Compared to prolonged-release melatonin monotherapy group with combination therapy group (adding prolonged-release melatonin to previous hypnotics) at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after treatment, most variables did not differ between two groups in the per protocol and LOCF analysis. However, only WHO-5 Well-Being Index was higher in monotherapy group than in combination group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after prolonged-release melatonin treatment in the per protocol analysis.Conclusion: Prolonged-release melatonin demonstrated notable efficacy in ameliorating sleep latency, duration, efficiency, and overall quality in treatment-resistant insomnia patients. The study highlights its potential as a treatment avenue for this challenging cohort, prompting further exploration into its benefits, particularly in improving overall well-being, and advocating for expanded research in this domain.
Introduction
Authors: Ritari Katja , Stenger Jan R. , Van Andringa William
Published: December 2023

This chapter briefly introduces the topic of the volume. It first problematises the notion of ‘identity’ and addresses some questions that have been raised in recent research on identities in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Then, it gives a summary of the chapters included in this volume.
Russian medical studies on the map of national and world science, 1993–2020: The findings of WoS data scientometric analysis
Authors: Libkind A. N. , Tsvetkova V. A. , Salekh A. Z. , Zolotova A. V. , Kotelnikova N. A. , Markusova V. A.
Published: December 2023

The authors discuss the findings of the empirical bibliometric analysis of the dynamics of 1993–2020 national and international publications on cardiovascular system (С&CVS) and medicine and health (M&H) in SCI-E database (WoS). The study revealed that by 2020, the share of Russian M&H publications was almost as twice (10.9%) as the share of the same publications in the world M&H array. The share of Russian funded C&CVS publications was growing at heady rate, from 3.0% in 2010 up to 24.9% in 2020. The citation analysis of C&CVS publications evidences that the impact of competitive financing is much higher than that of the Open Access system. The Cardiology journal leaded in the Russian publications in 2020 and in 2016 and was publishing foreign articles intensively. The Russian cardiologists were active authors in the most prestigious international journals in 2016: 7% of publications in European Journal of Heart Failure and 6.2% in Atherosclerosis journal. The findings of the study can be used for planning science policy in medicine and health.
Comparative analysis of foreign and Russian software for libraries
Authors: Smirnov Yu. V.
Published: December 2023

The author accomplishes comparative analysis of Russian and foreign software for the library sector. The need for such analysis is determined by the strategy of import substitution stimulated by the Western sanctions. Software and databases recommended for purchase and application on the territory of the Russian Federation are included into the Russian Software Register and Eurasian Software Register. Every library uses its own software package, however, the essential software includes operating system, web browser, office suite, automated library information system (ALIS). The author compares the core functionality of each software type: OS (Microsoft Windows, Astra Linux, Alt Linux, RedOS), web browsers (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Yandex Browse), and office software suite (Microsoft Office, LibreOffice, MyOffice, R7-Office). The comparison between foreign and Russian ALIS is inappropriate because, unlike other software categories, Russian ALISes were initially developed by Russian companies in Russian reality, in accordance with Russian laws and Russian traditions of librarianship. The author suggests that the main functionality of foreign and national software beyond the accomplished analysis (e. g. video editors, drawing programs, etc.) is also similar. Based on the comparative analysis of foreign and Russian software, the author concludes that their core functionality are similar which means that import substitution would not impact the organizational information processes significantly.

The paper is prepared under the Government Order to RNPLS&T for 2023, project No. 720000F.99.1.BN60AA03000, theme No. 1021062311369-1- 1.2.1;5.8.2,5.8.3.
TLR3 agonism augments CD47 inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ramsey Haley E. , Gorska Agnieszka E. , Smith Brianna N. , Monteith Andrew J. , Fuller Londa , Arrate Maria P. , Savona Michael R.
Published: December 2023

CD47-SIRPa is a myeloid check point pathway that inhibits phagocytosis of cells lacking markers for self-recognition. Tumor cells can overexpress CD47 and bind to SIRPa on macrophages, preventing phagocytosis. CD47 expression is enhanced and correlated with a negative prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), with its blockade leading to cell clearance. ALX90 is an engineered fusion protein with high-affinity for CD47. Composed of the N-terminal D1 domain of SIRPα genetically linked to an inactive Fc domain from human IgG, ALX90 is designed to avoid potential toxicity of CD47-expressing red blood cells. Venetoclax (VEN) is a specific B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitor that can restore apoptosis in malignant cells. In AML VEN is combined with azanucleosides to induce superior remission rates, however treatment for refractory/relapse is an unmet need. We questioned whether the anti-tumor activity of a VEN based regimen can be augmented through CD47 inhibition (CD47i) in AML. Human AML cell lines were sensitive to ALX90 and its addition increased efficacy of a VEN+AZA regimen in vivo. However, CD47i failed to clear bone marrow tumor burden in PDX models. We hypothesized that in cases of high medullary tumor burden, loss of resident macrophages reduced ALX efficiency. Therefore, we attempted to enhance this medullary macrophage population with agonism of TLR3 via Poly(I:C), which led to expansion and activation of medullary macrophages in in vivo AML PDX models and potentiated CD47i. In summary, the addition of Poly(I:C) can enhance medullary macrophage populations to potentiate the phagocytosis merited by therapeutic inhibition of CD47.
Efficacy of combined low-dose ruxolitinib and cyclosporine in murine immune bone marrow failure
Authors: Feng Xingmin , Manley Ash Lee , Wu Zhijie , Li Haoran , Gao Shouguo , Durrani Jibran , Aggarwal Nidhi , Mizumaki Hiroki , Chen Jichun , Young Neal S. , Groarke Emma M.
Published: December 2023

Not available.
الأنا والآخر في الخِطاب الدوغماتي
Authors: جبر لؤي خزعل
Published: December 2023

الفيلسوف وعالِم النفس الاجتماعي Erich Fromm (1900-1980)، في كتابِهِ " الهروب من الحريَّة "، بيَّن أن المائِز بين " أنا " الشخصية التسلطية و " أنا " الشخصية التدميرية يتمثَّل بالموقِف من "الآخر"، إذ تعتمد الأولى (الأنا التسلطية) على الصيغة الاستعباديَّة الإخضاعيَّة، فالأنا هي السيد /المهيمن/ المتحكم / القوي، بينما الآخر هو العبد / الخاضع / المحكوم / الضعيف، وبقاءه ضروري لإدامة هذه الصيغة، في حين تعتمد الثانية (الأنا التدميرية) على الصيغة الإفنائيَّة الإلغائيَّة، فالأنا هي الوجود / القاتل / المدمِّر / الباقي، بينما الآخر هو العدم / المقتول / المدمَّر / الفاني، فمحو حضوره هو الضروري لإدامة هذه الصيغة، ومِن هاتين الصيغتين تنبثق كل التوجهات والممارسات العُنفيَّة المتطرفة التعصبية .
وفي عالَمٍ يموج بتلك التوجهات والممارسات، يكون الحفر في بنى هاتين الصيغتين ضرورة وجودية قصوى، ولاسيما أن تلك الصيغتين تمتدان إلى كل مفاصل الحياة، الشخصية والسياسية والاجتماعية والدينية والإعلامية والاقتصادية والأكاديمية، محولة العالَم إلى ساحات صراعات دموية، مُشوِّهَة للـ " الأنا " وقاتِلَةٌ للـ "آخر".
وقد عَملَ الباحثون على دراسة الديناميات النفسية – الاجتماعية لهاتين الصيغتين، إلا إنَّه لم تتم بحسب التتبع تقديم مقاربة توظف " الدوغماتية " كخطاب في استكشاف الجوهر البنيوي للصيغتين. وهذا ما تحاوِل هذه الدراسة انجازه.
وفي كتابِ " العقل المغلق والمفتوح: بحوث في طبيعة أنساق المعتقدات وأنساق الشخصيّة "، لعالِم النفس الاجتماعي Milton Rokeach (1918-1988) عمل على دراسة "العقلية الدوغماتية": نظام معرفي مغلق نسبيًا من المعتقدات واللامعتقدات، منظمة حول مجموعة مركزية من المعتقدات المتعلقة بغابيَّة وتهديدية العالم، ومجموعة وسطى من المعتقدات المتعلقة بالسلطة المهيمنة المطلقة، التي تنتج إطارًا لأنماطًا من اللاتسامح نحو الآخرين، تلك البنية التي عندما تتشكَّل كخطاب Discourse، تتسع وتتعمَّق وتُمأسَس، فتُذيب " الأنا " في " السلطة "، وتنفي " الآخر " ككينونة بشرية مستقلة مساوية، ليُصبِح – في النتاجات التواصلية الاجتماعية والإعلامية – مادَّةً للتطويع والترويع.
The Missing Alternative Objection to Criminal Law Abolitionism
Authors: Zisman Valerij
Published: December 2023

Criminal law abolitionists claim that legal punishment cannot be morally justified and that we should therefore abolish criminal law. While this is still a minority position in the current debate, the number of proponents has been increasing, and even opponents have developed a certain degree of sympathy for such claims in recent years. Yet one of the reasons many remain hesitant regarding the abolition of criminal law appears to be the lack of a thought-through alternative, in addition to abolitionists disagreeing considerably amongst themselves on what an alternative should look like. I will call this the missing alternative objection. To address this central concern, I will argue in this paper that the most prominent versions of abolitionism actually converge on the same alternative core to criminal law — even though they are driven by vastly different motivations. This core that current abolitionist theories converge on is two-fold: first, the claim that the state should compel offenders to provide restitution for the victim; second, the claim that restorative processes should be used wherever possible when addressing criminal wrongdoing. This common core is enough to reject the missing alternative objection.
Assesment of Cognitive Skills in Billiards Players
Authors: Kutlu Necip , Menteşe Beste , Alpay Şüheda
Published: December 2023

In this study, it is aimed to reveal differences between the cognitive skills of the brain such as reaction time, speed distance estimation, nonverbal intelligence between different grade billiards players with numerical data. Research population consisted of professional and amateur male billiards players between the ages of 18-35. Cognitive abilities such as reaction time, speed-distance estimation, and judgment were measured with Vienna Test System (Schuhfried GmbH Moedling, Austria). The data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U Test and Pearson correlation test. All statistical analysis were calculated using SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc, USA). Reaction time and Speed-Distance Estimates of professional billiards players were statistically significantly higher than amateur billiards players (p=0.034, p=0.012). It was observed that the ability to make decisions under stress was higher in amateur players than in professional billiards players (p=0.155). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between billiards scores and speed-distance estimation skills in professional billiards players (r=0.102, p=0.766). The test results indicate a positive correlation between players' cognitive skills and billiards scores, while concurrently revealing that stress negatively impacts test scores. It was observed that sport of billiards had a positive effect on cognitive skills, which are upper functions of the brain. It has been determined that billiards may be beneficial for brain development. As a result, it was concluded that it would be beneficial to expand the billiards in educational institutions and throughout country by cooperating with non-governmental organizations such as billiard federation.
Liga protiv tuberkuloze okosnica Štamparove zamisli narodnog prosvjećivanja (Osvrt
na II. i III. sastanak liječnika Osječke oblasti)
Authors: Živaković-Kerže Zlata , Benić Penava Marija
Published: December 2023

Radom se prikazuje djelovanje Lige protiv tuberkuloze u Osječkoj oblasti kao temelj Štamparove zamisli narodnoga zdravstvenog prosvjećivanja kroz osvrt na dva sastanka (II. i III.) liječnika Osječke oblasti u 1927. i 1928. godini. U uvodnom dijelu donosi se pregled antituberkuloznoga pokreta u Europi te razvoj sustava dispanzera i reforme javnoga zdravstva u Kraljevini Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca 1920-ih. Osnivanje Lige protiv tuberkuloze u Osijeku 1926. rezultat je stvarnoga zdravstvenog stanja stanovništva i provedene široke kampanje za borbu protiv tuberkuloze i reforme javnoga zdravstva na zdravstvenoj misli Andrije Štampara. Prema donesenim društvenim pravilima, rad Lige zasnivao se na antituberkuloznom pokretu s temeljnim zadatkom da se cijelo stanovništvo na području Osječke oblasti nalazi pod jednim organiziranim stručnim nadzorom. U skladu s navedenim, prikazuje se djelovanje Lige protiv tuberkuloze i dva sastanka liječnika Osječke oblasti, s naglaskom na humani odnos liječnika prema bolesnicima i požrtvovan pristup liječenju tuberkuloze kao opake socijalne bolesti. Brojčani podatci o raširenosti bolesti kao prijetnji stanovništvu predočuju medicinsku skrb zamišljenu kao široku akciju usmjerenu na ostvarenje socijalno-medicinskih ciljeva. Posebno je u tom kontekstu naglašena uloga liječnika Prokopija Uzelca, tajnika Lige, te se detaljno navodi njegovo izlaganje na II. sastanku liječnika Osječke oblasti, kao i 14. točaka rezolucije o radu Lige koju je predložio, što pokazuje sveobuhvatni pristup i razumijevanje težine problema zaštite od tuberkuloze. U radu se donosi i kraći opis III. sastanka liječnika Osječke oblasti, izvodi iz govora sudionika te navodi iz govora Andrije Štampara, koji je nazočio sastanku. Opisom liječničkih sastanaka te navođenjem izvadaka iz njihovih govora, kao i predloženom rezolucijom želi se prikazati presudni zaokret u načinu zdravstvenoga prosvjećivanja te prelazak iz osobnoga angažmana liječnika u status društveno angažiranoga i organiziranoga pristupa liječenju tuberkuloze kao socijalne bolesti. Radom se također analizira dostupna građa s ciljem davanja uvida u društvenu atmosferu i spremnost osječkih liječnika da aktivno podupiru Ligu kao važnu društveno organiziranu akciju u prevenciji i saniranju posljedica bolesti.
Preventiva – nekada i danas
Authors: Oršulić Dražen
Published: December 2023

Rad analizira pitanje preventivne medicine, od prapovijesti do suvremenoga doba, koja se bavi prevencijom bolesti, promicanjem i očuvanjem zdravlja. Njezin je cilj pravodobno prepoznati bolest i omogućiti optimalno liječenje, koje će spriječiti smanjenje kvalitete života i nastanak invaliditeta. Najvećim uspjehom preventivne medicine smatra se iskorjenjivanje neke bolesti. Primarna prevencija usmjerena je na zdrave osobe i sprječavanje nastanka bolesti. Primjer je cijepljenje kod suzbijanja zaraznih bolesti ili kod kroničnih bolesti uklanjanje rizičnih čimbenika, kao što su pušenje, nezdrava prehrana, nekretanje itd. Sekundarna se odnosi na pacijente u ranom stadiju bolesti, kako bi se zaustavilo njezino napredovanje i nastup posljedica bolesti. Primjer je rano otkrivanje visokoga tlaka u stadiju kad još nema simptoma. Tercijarna prevencija odnosi se na stanja i bolesti koja se više ne mogu liječiti, primjerice terminalni stadij malignih bolesti. Cilj je očuvanje kvalitete života, primarno suzbijanje boli koju bolesnici trpe. Mjere ranoga otkrivanja bolesti (probir), kao i pravodobno prepoznavanje bolesti, još uvijek se smatraju najvažnijim mjerama koje pruža suvremena medicina. Zajednički cilj prevencije bolesti i promicanja zdravlja je očuvanje i unapređenje zdravlja, a u tom je procesu neophodno aktivno sudjelovanje svih dionika društva unutar i izvan zdravstva, što uključuje i mjere zdravstvenoga odgoja i prosvjećivanja, administrativne, porezne i organizacijske mjere te aktivnosti lokalne zajednice. No iako je zdravlje društvena odgovornost, ponajprije je odgovornost pojedinca. U tom su smislu opće mjere glede promjene životnoga stila daleko važnije, učinkovitije i jeftinije od farmakoterapije jer zdravlje je stanje fizičkoga, psihičkoga i duhovnoga dobroga stanja, a ne samo odsustvo bolesti.
Upper Limits for Relativistic Energy and Momentum
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: December 2023

The relativistic energy is concerned with the moving bodies whose velocity approaches the speed of light. The velocity of a moving particle with its non-zero mass is always less than the speed of light because light has no mass. So, the speed of light is the upper limit for all moving objects in the Universe. In this article, the upper limits for relativistic momentum and energy are derived in connection with problem-solving for scientific solutions in the field of engineering sciences.
FEED VALUE OF SPRING TRITICALE GRAIN VARIETIES BOTANICHESKAYA 4 AND TIMIRYAZEVSKAYA 42
Authors: Schuklina Ol'ga , Solov'ev Aleksandr , Konorev Pavel , Voronchihina Irina , Alenicheva Anastasiya , Kvitko Valeriya , Voronchihin Viktor
Published: December 2023

Laboratory analysis of raw materials (grains) is an important stage for the production of feed. The wider the range of data obtained as a result of research, the more effective the work on compiling the diet of animals, which is reflected in the conversion of feed and the economic component of livestock production. The use of near infrared radiation (NIRS) technology to determine the nutritional value of feed allows us to obtain data on the content of dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, crude fat, sugar and starch in feed, as well as data on protein absorption in the intestines of many animal species, including lactating cows. With the help of such a study conducted in the laboratory of Eurofins Agro (Wageningen, the Netherlands), data on the nutritional value of grain of two varieties of spring triticale obtained in the conditions of the Moscow region were obtained. The crude protein content in the grain of the Timiryazevskaya 42 variety was 119 g/kg of dry matter, in the grain of the Botanicheskaya 4 variety 125 g/kg of dry matter. In terms of starch content, Timiryazevskaya 42 grain exceeded Botanicheskaya 4 grain by 27 g/kg of dry matter. At the same time, studies have shown similar values in terms of the content of feed units for milk production (VEM) at the level of 1192–1189 g/kg of dry matter, the amount of protein absorbed in the intestine (DVE) — 95–96 g/kg of dry matter and organic matter fermented in the rumen (FOS) — 771–769 g/kg of dry matter.
GIVING AEROBIC STABILITY TO CORN SILAGE DURING CHEMICAL PRESERVATION
Authors: Kuchin Nikolay
Published: December 2023

Aerobic stability of corn silage, as well as other types of silage, can be achieved by chemical preservation. Currently, mainly organic acids and their salts are used as chemical preservatives. The highest preservative effect is provided by undissociated forms of acids. Dissociation occurs most intensely in a reaction environment close to neutral and is significantly inhibited in an acidic environment. To give silage aerobic stability, the chemical preservative must have fungicidal and static properties, since the main initiators of aerobic decomposition are yeast. Of the organic acids, propionic acid has such properties to the highest extent, and acetic acid to a somewhat lesser extent. Other representatives of organic acids with fungicidal properties not inferior to propionic acid are benzoic, sorbic, acrylic and others. Salts of these acids also have similar properties. The use of mixtures of acids and salts significantly enhances their preservative effect, provided that their components interact synergistically. In addition to these mixtures, the fungicidal effect of a mixture of monoglycerides: monopropionate and monobutyrate has recently been established. Unlike biological products, the fungicidal effect of chemical preservatives manifests itself from the first days of use.
Wide azimuth seismic data processing technology and application: a case study of tight gas reservoirs in western China
Authors: Zeng Huahui , Su Qin , Meng Huijie , Liu Huan , Li Hailiang , Wang Deying
Published: December 2023

As the difficulty of oil and gas field exploration and development increases both domestically and internationally, onshore exploration targets have gradually shifted from the shallow to the deep and from conventional oil and gas reservoirs to unconventional ones. Particularly in the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas horizontal wells, there is an increasing demand for higher precision and quality of seismic data to better identify formation lithology, rock fractures, and improve the characterization of reservoirs, reservoir positioning, and connectivity. Wide-azimuth seismic exploration possesses significant technical advantages in addressing exploration challenges such as lithologic exploration, small fault imaging, and detailed characterization of oil and gas reservoirs. Wide azimuth seismic data reduces blind spots in seismic acquisition and improves the imaging accuracy of small faults. Notably, there exist distinct anisotropic characteristics in fault areas and fractured reservoirs. Wide azimuth seismic data is particularly advantageous for studying amplitude variation with variations in amplitude with offset (AVO), incident angle (AVA), or azimuth (AVAZ), as well as velocity with azimuth (VVA). These variations aid in identifying faults, fractures, and changes in formation lithology. As the focus of oil and gas exploration gradually shifts to complex lithological reservoirs and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, narrow azimuth seismic exploration has been gradually replaced by wide azimuth exploration. However, as observation azimuth increases, challenges related to velocity variations with azimuth, azimuth-related traveltime differences, and azimuth-related anisotropy arise. Based on wide-azimuth seismic data from tight gas reservoirs in western China, this study conducted wide-azimuth anisotropic velocity analysis, OVT domain data regularization processing, OVT domain prestack time/depth migration, and horizontally transverse isotropy (HTI) azimuth anisotropy correction techniques. After applying specialized processing to the wide-azimuth seismic data, significant improvements were observed in the S/N and resolution of the target layer. The delineation of fractures related to hydrocarbon sources also became more distinct. These advancements not only provided high-quality results for high-fidelity, high-resolution imaging of tight gas reservoirs but also provided azimuth volume corresponding to fast and slow wave velocities for seismic data interpretation, facilitating velocity variation with azimuth (VVAZ) fracture detection and AVO analysis research.
Dynamic resilient modulus of subgrade silty clay for heavy-haul railway: an experimental investigation and the predicted method
Authors: Hao Jianwen , Wang Hongguo , Zhang Xiaoning , Lin Tao , Jiang Xiufeng , Liu Congcong , Li Xiangyang
Published: December 2023

A large-scale series of cyclic triaxial tests were conducted to explore the evolution of the dynamic resilient modulus of silty clay for the heavy-haul railway subgrade. A novel loading sequence for measuring the dynamic resilient modulus was established, which characterized the dynamic stress state of the subgrade induced by the heavy-haul train load. In the experimental investigation, the deviatoric stresses, confining stress, initial moisture content, and compaction degree were considered as variables, and the effects of the aforementioned variables were evaluated quantitatively. The experimental results showed that the dynamic resilient modulus was negatively related to deviatoric stresses and initial moisture content, where the average decreased rates were 14.65% and 27.79% with the increase in deviatoric stresses from 60 kPa to 150 kPa and increase in the initial moisture content from 9.8% to 15.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the dynamic resilient modulus was positively related to confining stress and compaction degree, where the average increased rates were 23.25% and 27.48% with the increase in confining stress from 20 kPa to 60 kPa and increase in compaction degree from 0.91 to 0.95. To provide a better application, the two high-accuracy predicted methods were established through the empirical model and artificial neural network approach including the aforementioned variables. This study can provide useful guidelines for the effective and safe design of the heavy-haul railway subgrade filled with silty clay.
Pollutant diffusion in multiple-face tunnel construction: theoretical analysis and numerical validation
Authors: Zhou Zelin , Liu Rong , Liu Maoyi , Wang Kai , Zhou Shijun , Jia Jiayin , Zhao Jinlai
Published: December 2023

As the length of the tunnel continues to increase, it will be common for a single fan to undertake the ventilation of two or more tunnel faces. However, the construction of multiple faces in a single tunnel will lead to a complex construction environment in the tunnel, the mutual interference of ventilation, and difficulty in discharging pollutants. Based on the simultaneous construction of multiple tunnel faces in a single tunnel, this study analyzed the transport law of pollutants. The diffusion laws of carbon monoxide and dust in multiple-face tunnels under different working conditions were obtained by numerical simulation. It was found that when both sides of the tunnel are ventilated at the same time, the airflow in the tunnel is spiral, the vortex zone will appear near both sides of the face, and the vortex and unstable airflow will appear at the intersection with the inclined shaft. The airflow in the non-equal-length tunnel at both sides is more disordered than that in the equal-length tunnel, and there will be a wider range of eddy currents at the intersection. The change of dust diffusion in the non-equal-length tunnel at both sides is not obvious, and the length of the multiple-face tunnel has little effect on dust settlement and diffusion. The research results are of great significance for improving the construction environment of tunnel faces and improving the working conditions of personnel.
Fouling community composition on a pilot floating solar-energy installation in the coastal Dutch North Sea
Authors: Mavraki Ninon , Bos Oscar G. , Vlaswinkel Brigitte M. , Roos Pauline , de Groot Wim , van der Weide Babeth , Bittner Oliver , Coolen Joop W. P.
Published: December 2023

The increasing need for renewable energy has led to the transition of renewable energy devices to the marine environment. Currently, mainly offshore wind farms have been completely developed and are operational in the North Sea. The solar energy sector is also rapidly evolving and floating photovoltaics are continuously created and deployed. In this study, we investigated the colonisation patterns and community changes with time of fouling fauna on the first floating photovoltaics in the coastal Dutch North Sea. Samples were collected by divers from the underwater side of 4 floaters, coated with different anti-fouling techniques (Intersleek, GreenPowerNano PPDura, Finsulate and Pato) at two different moments, shortly after the deployment of the floaters and approximately a year later. In total, 72 fouling taxa were identified on the floaters, from which ca. 11% are known to be non-indigenous species for the region. The anti-fouling coating Intersleek seemed to work the most efficiently against fouling colonisation, since the fouling community sampled from this floater contained the least taxa. However, the small number of samples collected from the different floaters did not allow for a direct comparison between the anti-fouling coatings. The communities evolved with time, with young communities accommodating a larger number of individuals and old communities having less individuals but higher biomass, indicating that the organisms become bigger in size and compete for the available space. Nevertheless, the communities had not reached a stable climax yet, while this process might take multiple years due to the dynamic environment in which floating photovoltaics are deployed. Monitoring the fouling communities occurring on floating photovoltaics in the North Sea for a long-term is necessary to understand the effects of these new man-made structures on the marine environment, especially since floating photovoltaics are moving to offshore locations and will be possibly co-located with offshore wind farms in the future.
Man-Power-Amplifying Exoskeleton with Pneumatic Actuator
Authors: Durante Francesco , Raparelli Terenziano , Beomonte Zobel Pierluigi
Published: December 2023

This study describes the activity of developing a force amplifier exoskeleton with one degree of freedom. The system was developed as a research prototype to conduct control system studies. The device consists of an arm with a pneumatic cylinder actuator controlled by a pressure regulator. As for the human–machine interface, the system has a force sensor. The idea is to verify the possibility of developing a simple system from the sensor system’s point of view and the control system’s architecture while simultaneously obtaining an effective, economical, and reliable device. The idea developed in this project is to use the user’s available ability to control movements in unknown environments. The user constitutes the central part of the entire control system: he defines the references for the speeds and forces to be applied to the environment and observes the rates of the controlled robotic system through his own sight and proprioceptive system. On the other hand, the machine produces and controls the forces applied to the environment by the actuator. In this way, the device shows an increased admittance. A mathematical system model was created to verify the idea’s feasibility. Following the results of the simulations, a prototype was built on which experimental tests were carried out. As stated above, it was possible to obtain the described behavior with the use of a force sensor, one-axis type, interposed between the machine and the user, to constitute the human–machine interface; using a pressure regulator, it was possible to avoid the sensors for the force feedback by the environment. The result is a simple architecture for the sensors and the control algorithm. Specific test protocols were proposed to test the performance of the human–machine “system”, and a test bench was developed that allows the tracking of variable signals represented on a monitor, which the user must follow. The system is intuitive to use, with a rapid learning curve, and the user can handle high loads according to the different signals to be followed with good precision, even at high speeds.
Accuracy Investigations of Dynamic Characteristic Predictions of Tip Leakage Flow Using Detached Eddy Simulation
Authors: Lin Shiyan , Li Ruiyu , Gao Limin , Ge Ning
Published: December 2023

The accurate prediction of tip leakage flow is the premise for flow mechanism analysis and compressor performance optimization. The detached eddy simulation (DES) method, which compromises cost and accuracy, has excellent potential for a high Reynolds flow, like a compressor.However, in the case of tip leakage flow, especially when there are multiple wall boundary layers and strong shear between the mainstream and leakage flow, the DES method exhibits accuracy deficiencies. This paper explores the resolution of the critical detailed structures using the DES method and its correlation with the accuracy of time-averaged aerodynamic parameter predictions. Based on this, we propose the necessary conditions for the DES method to accurately predict the leakage flow from the perspective of the detailed structure of the flow field. A simplified model is proposed to emphasize the characteristics of tip leakage flow with “multiple walls + narrow tip gap”, and the high-fidelity flow field of the WALE LES method is used as a benchmark. With the main fluctuation structures obtained by the SPOD method, it is concluded that the DES method is unable to resolve the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability at the initial position of the leakage, which leads to the generation of the secondary leakage vortex upstream of the leakage and the breakdown of the induced vortex, two critical flow structures, being incorrectly estimated. This can lead to misestimationsof the force direction on the tip leakage vortex and the main fluctuation on the flow field. As a result, the tip leakage vortex trajectory evolves toward the middle of the passage along the tangential direction and away from the upper wall downstream of the leakage compared with the LES results. Predictions of losses in the upstream and midstream regions are underestimated, whereas they are overestimated downstream of the leakage and outside the passage.Therefore, the accurate resolution of these two critical detailed structures is an essential prerequisite for the precise prediction of tip leakage flow using DES series methods.
The Quality Assessment of Sour Cherries Dried Using an Innovative Simultaneous Osmotic–Microwave–Vacuum Approach Based on Image Textures, Color Parameters, and Sensory Attributes
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa , Konopacka Dorota , Piecko Jan
Published: December 2023

Sour cherries are a perishable raw material, and their preservation is needed to extend their availability to consumers. Improving drying techniques is desirable to ensure the highest quality of products. This study aimed to determine image textures from color channels R, G, B, L, a, b, X, Y, and Z; color parameters L*, a*, and b*; the color difference (ΔE) of raw materials and dried fruit; and the sensory attributes of dried sour cherry products prepared using an innovative approach. Three sour cherry cultivars, ‘Nefris’, ‘Debreceni Botermo’, and ‘Łutówka’, were used in the experiment. Sour cherries were subjected to freezing and pit removal before drying. The simultaneous osmotic–microwave–vacuum drying was carried out in one process lasting an hour and combining osmotic dehydration using a 40 °Bx sucrose solution and microwave–vacuum drying at microwave powers of 100 W for 900 s, 300 W for 900 s, 250 W for 900 s, and 0 W for stabilization for 900 s and a pressure of 30 ± 2 hPa. After drying, the quality assessment of products was performed using non-destructive image analysis and color measurements, as well as sensory analysis, including non-destructively and destructively assessed attributes. The highest changes in textures occurred for the GHMean (histogram’s mean for color channel G) (from 30.69 to 22.64) and LHMean (histogram’s mean for color channel L) (from 66.93 to 59.07) of images of the cultivar ‘Łutówka’, and the smallest changes were found for the cultivar ‘Nefris’. Drying had a statistically significant effect on the color parameters of the ‘Debreceni Botermo’ and ‘Łutówka’ sour cherries. The value of ΔE was the highest (10.44) for ‘Debreceni Botermo’ and the smallest (1.98) for ‘Nefris’. All cultivars of dried sour cherries had very high values of overall quality, reaching 8.9 for ‘Nefris’ and ‘Debreceni Botermo’ and 8.8 for ‘Łutówka’. The ‘Nefris’ sour cherry was characterized by the highest value of flavor of 9.0. All dried samples were attractive in terms of their external appearance. The sensory parameters related to taste, texture, and crunchiness were also satisfactory. Innovative simultaneous osmotic–microwave–vacuum drying allowed for the obtainment of dried sour cherries with a high quality, including acceptable sensory attributes.
Large-Scale Cotton Classification under Insufficient Sample Conditions Using an Adaptive Feature Network and Sentinel-2 Imagery in Uzbekistan
Authors: Jaloliddinov Jaloliddin , Tian Xiangyu , Bai Yongqing , Guo Yonglin , Chen Zhengchao , Li Yixiang , Wang Shaohua
Published: December 2023

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the main crops in Uzbekistan, which makes a major contribution to the country’s economy. The cotton industry has played a pivotal role in the economic landscape of Uzbekistan for decades, generating employment opportunities and supporting the livelihoods of countless individuals across the country. Therefore, having precise and up-to-date data on cotton cultivation areas is crucial for overseeing and effectively managing cotton fields. Nonetheless, there is currently no extensive, high-resolution approach that is appropriate for mapping cotton fields on a large scale, and it is necessary to address the issues related to the absence of ground-truth data, inadequate resolution, and timeliness. In this study, we introduced an effective approach for automatically mapping cotton fields on a large scale. A crop-type mapping method based on phenology was conducted to map cotton fields across the country. This research affirms the significance of phenological metrics in enhancing the mapping of cotton fields during the growing season in Uzbekistan. We used an adaptive feature-fusion network for crop classification using single-temporal Sentinel-2 images and automatically generated samples. The map achieved an overall accuracy (OA) of 0.947 and a kappa coefficient (KC) of 0.795. This model can be integrated with additional datasets to predict yield based on the identified crop type, thereby enhancing decision-making processes related to supply chain logistics and seasonal production forecasts. The early boll opening stage, occurring approximately a little more than a month before harvest, yielded the most precise identification of cotton fields.