bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Skin of the Sheep: a Comparision of Body Regions
Authors: Lyne AG , Hollis DE
Published: July 2016

Light-microscope studies reveal distinctive features in the hair- and woolgrowing skin of adult sheep. The epidermis is variable in thickness-usually thin on wool-growing regions and thicker on haired regions. The follicles are mostly in groups containing one, two, or three primary (P) follicles and a number of secondary (S) follicles. The SIP follicle ratios vary from zero to about 30, depending on the breed and body region. The capillaries, myoepithelium of sweat glands, and dermal papillae of the follicles are often reactive for alkaline phosphatase. This enzyme is also asymmetrically distributed in some follicle bulbs and here it might be related in some way to the segmentation of the fibre cortex and perhaps to the formation of crimped wool. The dermal and follicle nerve networks contain cholinesterases. The latter may also contain alkaline phosphatase. Encapsulated end-organs and tactile disks are occasionally present in both hair- and wool-growing skin. Melanocytes, most common near the dermo-epidermal junction, may also be present in the outer root sheaths of the follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and dermis. Acetylcholinesterase-positive branched cells are invariably present in the epidermis in all regions where there are follicles. Sebaceous glands are associated with all follicles and apocrine sweat glands with the P follicles only. The P follicles also possess erector muscles that react for cholinesterases. Both the subaceous glands and sweat glands are usually larger in haired regions than in wool-growing regions. Large "eccrine" glands open on the naked part of the muzzle.
Studies on Tetanus Toxin and Toxid. II. Isolation and Characterization of the Tetanus Toxin and Toxoid
Authors: Dawson DJ , Mauritzen CM
Published: July 2016

Crude tetanus toxin and toxoid were prepared by methanol precipitation. The toxin was purified by a combination of TEAE�cellulose and Sephadex G�200 chromatography at pH values less than 6� o. The toxoid was purified by DEAE� cellulose at approximately neutral pH values. The nature and amount of amino acids of the culture medium which had condensed with the tetanus toxoid proteins during detoxification with formaldehyde was determined.
Photopreiodic and Temperature Control of Flower Initiation in the Late Pea Cultivar Greenfeast
Authors: Paton DM
Published: July 2016

The number of green foliage leaves at initiation is related to a quantitative leaf requirement for flowering in the late pea cultivar Greenfeast. When grown in various temperature and photoperiod regimes the leaf requirement is least in continuous light and low temperatures. The additive nature of the photoperiodic and temperature responses suggests that photoperiod and temperature probably act independently.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc Levels in The Substrate on 65Zn Distribution in Subterranean Clover and Flax
Authors: Millikan CR , Hanger BC , Bjarnason EN
Published: July 2016

Subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were grown in water cultures containing 65Zn and all combinations of deficient or normal zinc supply and low or excess phosphate levels. 65Zn distribution in the plants was determined by autoradiographs and radioassays.
Directional Selection in Simulated Populations of Self-Pollinated Plants
Authors: Bliss FA , Gates CE
Published: July 2016

Selection for a metric trait was practised in populations of self-pollinated plants simulated on a high-speed electronic computer.
Viablity and Morphology of Ram Spermatozoa in the Ligated Epididymis
Authors: Salamon S
Published: July 2016

In a total of 16 Merino rams, the corpus-cauda epididymal junction was ligated either bilaterally (eight rams) or unilaterally (eight rams). Semen was collected from six and urine from two of the bilaterally obstructed rams over periods of 34 days after operation. The characteristics of semen collected at different postligation days and the viability of spermatozoa in these samples during storage in vitro at 5�C, and number of spermatozoa voided in urine, were examined. Four of the unilaterally ligated rams were slaughtered 34 days and the remaining four 60 days after ligation, and the number of spermatozoa and the percentages motile, abnormal, and unstained cells were determined in the portions of the tract anterior and posterior to ligation.
The Excretion of Methylmalonic and Formiminoglutamic Acids During the Induction and Remission of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Sheep
Authors: Gawthorne JM
Published: July 2016

The excretion of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in the urine of severely vitamin Bn-deficient sheep was 5-12 times greater, and that of formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) was more than 30 times greater, than that of pair-fed, vitamin B12-injected controls.
The Deep Freezing of Rabbit Spermatozoa
Authors: Wales RG , O'shea T
Published: July 2016

Satisfactory storage of rabbit spermatozoa has not been reported. As cow milk preparations are useful as diluents for spermatozoa of other species, diluents based on reconstituted skim milk were investigated.
Physiology of Growth in the Wheat Plant IV. Effects of Day Length And Light Energy Level
Authors: Williams RF , N Williams C
Published: July 2016

This study describes the effects of short- and long-day treatments at two light-energy levels on the growth of a spring wheat.
Acid Metabolism in Atriplex II. Oxalate Synthesis During Acid Metabolism in the Dark
Authors: Osmond CB , N Avadhani P
Published: July 2016

Malate and aspartate, labelled in the C-4 position, were the only stable products of short-term dark 14C02 fixation in Atriplex spongiosa leaves. Label was subsequently transferred to citrate, glutamate, and other amino acids. Oxalate was slowly labelled during dark fixation and was a major labelled product after 18 hr. The accumulation of label in oxalate and other acids was inhibited by 20 Mm malonate suggesting that oxalate stemmed from tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Oxalate was slowly labelled during metabolism of [U-14C]glucose and [1,5- 14C]citrate, but [1_14C]glyoxylate was readily oxidized to oxalate. These data are consistent with oxalate production from glyoxylate derived from isocitrate during dark acid metabolism. Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, isocitrate lyase, and glycolate oxidase activity in cell-free extracts of A. spongiosa leaves provided further evidence for this pathway.
Purificatinon and Properties of Broad Bean Wilt Virus
Authors: Taylor RH , Smith RP , Reinganum C , Gibbs AJ
Published: July 2016

Purified preparations of broad bean wilt virus contained many isometric particles about 25 m!, in diameter. The particles were of three sorts with sedimenta� tion coefficients (S20,w) of 63, 100, and 126, containing 0, 22, and 33% nucleic acid respectively. The particles with S20,w = 126 were infective. The ribonucleic acid of the virus had a molar base content of G 21� 8 : A 30�0 : C 17�6 : U 30�6.
The Longevity of Conidia of Sclerotinia Fructicola (Wint.) Rehm Under Field Conditions
Authors: T Jenkins P
Published: July 2016

The longevity of conidia of S. fructicola was determined in an orchard environment. Less than 1 % of conidia remained viable after exposure or 8 days in the tree canopy. In addition to reducing viability, exposure reduced both germ tube length and infection of mature fruit. Conidia prepared in a suspension in sterile water, to simulate those that are dispersed in rain, lost viability more rapidly on exposure than conidia that remained dry. When conidia were in contact with unsterilized soil for 24 hr they also lost viability.
Effects of Freezing the Skin and Plucking the Fibres in Sheep, With Special Reference to Pigmentation
Authors: Lyne AG , Hollis DE
Published: July 2016

Macroscopic and microscopic changes in the skin of seven adult Suffolk and Merino sheep were studied for periods of up to 513 days following the application o fsolid carbon dioxide to hair- and wool-growing areas after clipping or plucking of the fibres. Observations were also made on the effect of plucking alone.
The Characterization by Electrophoresis of the Proteins Extracted by Dilute Alkali From Wheat Flour
Authors: Jennings AC
Published: July 2016

Procedures have been developed for characterizing, in a chemically unaltered form, the proteins usually extracted in dilute alkali from wheat flour or endosperm.
The Site of Phosephorus Accumulation in Maize Root
Authors: Crossett RN
Published: July 2016

Crossett and Loughman (1966) reported an examination of the absorption and translocation of 32p by barley seedlings. It was concluded that after absorption 32p was either retained permanently in the root as orthophosphate or was translocated after mixing with only a small proportion of the total phosphorus content of the root.
The Fractionation of the Nitrogen Compounds of Wheat Flour on Sephadex Collumns
Authors: Galluse HPC , Jennings AC
Published: July 2016

Bagdasarian et al. (1964) have discussed the difficulties in separating compounds of low molecular weight from proteins, and the advantages of using a volatile solvent, such as phenol~acetic acid~water (1 : 1 : 1, w/v/v) (referred to as solvent A in the remainder of this paper), to achieve this separation. Trichloroacetic acid is also efficient in effecting this separation (Bagdasarian et al. 1964), but it dissolves glycoproteins (Bell 1963; Stenzel et al. 1964 ; Jennings and Watt 1967) and some of the wheat flour proteins (Bell 1963) and is difficult to remove from solutions.
Inflorescence Initiation in Lolium Temulentum L. XII. an Autoradiographic Study of Evocation in the Shoot Apex
Authors: Knox RB , Evans LT
Published: July 2016

Previous work has shown a rise in the incorporation of precursors of RNA and protein by the shoot apex of L. temulentum early on the day following exposure to 1 long day, which induces flowering.
Occurrence and Host Range of Ascochyta Phaseolorum in Queensland
Authors: lcorn JLA
Published: July 2016

The presence of Ascochyta phaseolorum as a pathogen of Phaseolus vulgaris in Queensland is reported. The fungus has been found to have a wide host range including vegetable crops, pastures, weeds, and indigenous species. Natural infections were found in 48 hosts in 14 families, and an additional 12 species proved susceptible when inoculated experimentally. Pathogenicity of isolates from French bean towards many of the natural hosts has been demonstrated, and in reciprocal inoculations cultures from field�infected hosts produced symptoms on bean typical of those produced by bean isolates. The fungus is shown to be a weak parasite, requiring some form of wounding to initiate infection under Queensland conditions.
Ionic and Osmotic Effects on Cell Volume and Oxygen Consumption of Rat Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Gesinski RM , Morrison JH , Toepfer JR
Published: July 2016

Two problems frequently encountered in metabolic studies are osmotic balance (Troshin 1966) and ion effect (Bacq 1965). The ions used in this study were the common buffering ions bicarbonate and phosphate, and a substituted taurine, N( 2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-2'-ethanesulphonic acid (HEPES), recently synthesized by Good et al. (1966). It was felt that a comparison of changes in cell volume and oxygen consumption induced by alterations in various media constituents might disclose some of the effects that cell volume and ion content (MacLeod and Rhoads 1939; Pages and Delaunay 1945; Evans and Bird 1949) have on cellular metabolism
Pyrrolid-2-One-5-Carboxylic Acid as an N-Terminal Group of the Low-Sulphur Proteins of Wool
Authors: O'donnell IJ
Published: July 2016

The detection of N-terminal pyrrolid-2-one-5-carboxylic acid (pyroglutamyl) residues in proteins is complicated by the ready formation of pyroglutamyl peptides from peptides with N-terminal glutaminyl residues which may be liberated during enzymic digestion of proteins. Recently, several methods for overcoming these problems have been described (Ikenaka et al. 1966; Wilkinson, Press, and Porter 1966; Doolittle and Armentrout 1968) and this communication describes the results obtained when two of these methods were applied to com~onent 8, one of the two major low-sulphur proteins extracted from reduced and carboxymethylated wool (Thompson and O'Donnell 1967)
Vernalization, Photoperiodic Induction, and Flower Initiation in the Late Pea Cultiv Ar Greenfeast
Authors: Paton DM
Published: July 2016

The events related to the leaf requirement (induction) in the late pea cultivar Greenfeast are separate from events (evocation) between induction and initiation of the first flower. Photoperiod influences induction, whilst vernalization influences evocation. Vernalization represses synthesis of the graft-transmissible floral inhibitor present in unvernalized plants where it delays rapid evocation. Nothing is known of the biochemistry of the floral inhibitor although there is some preliminary histo-chemical evidence which suggests an interesting relationship between presence of inhibitor and RNA content in the apex.
Effects of Indoleacetic Acid on Lignification In Wheat Internodes and In Vitro
Authors: Parish RW
Published: July 2016

The formation of lignin was determined in wheat internodes incubated with ferulic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and various concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA). lAA was found to markedly inhibit lignification in the lower two-thirds of the internode. Experiments which were carried out in vitro utilized the polymerization of free radicals, formed after eugenol had been oxidized by peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide, as a model system for lignification. The polymerization was inhibited considerably by IAA. A mechanism is postulated to explain the effects of lAA.
Pre Prophase Microtubules and Stomatal Differentiation in Commelina Cy Anea
Authors: Pickett-Heaps JD
Published: July 2016

The relationship between preprophase microtubules and asymmetrical cell division in the formation of the stomatal complex of C. cyanea was investigated. Polarization of nuclei and other cell organelles adjacent to the guard mother cell occurred in most cases without a preprophase band of microtubules being present; the grouping of preprophase microtubules appeared immediately prior to cell division, and its situation, even during abnormal stomatal development, predicted the plane of future division. The results show that preprophase microtubules cannot be the cytoplasmic agents involved in orienting and positioning the nucleus prior to division. Clear evidence was obtained indicating that preprophase microtubules move intact into the spindle. Some aspects of abnormal stomatal development are discussed, and the results are related to some other work on stomatal differentiation.
Studies On Marsupial Proteins I. Polymorphism of Haemoglobin of the Grey Kangaroo, Macropus Giganteus
Authors: Thompson R Hosken EOP , Air GM
Published: July 2016

A haemolysate of red blood cells of the grey kangaroo, M. giganteu8, gave several haemoglobin peaks when chromatographed on polycarboxylic-acid-type ion-exchange resins. In the four samples studied two major components, haemoglobin I and II, were present. In the sample examined in detail these comprised 51 and 45% respectively, together with about 4% of minor haem-containing proteins. The two major haemoglobin components were readily separated by chromatography at pH 6�4 in phosphate buffer of 0 �152M sodium-potassium ion concentration.
Studies On Reduced Wool Ix. The N-Terminal Sequence of A Fragment Produced by Cleavage of Component 8 With Cyanogen Bromide
Authors: O'donnell IJ
Published: July 2016

Component 8 is a major component extracted from reduced and carboxy-methylated wool. Further study of its reaction with cyanogen bromide and of the fractions obtained under carefully controlled disaggregating conditions has rev<\laled that while most of the methionine residues are in the same position relative to the ends of the chains, at least 30% of them appear to be in a different chemical environment from the rest. The evidence can be interpreted in terms of variations in some of the amino acids at particular points in a fundamental sequence of the 60 residues (CNBr3) at the amino terminal end. Further amino acid sequences near the acetylated terminal residue have been determined and provide examples of the amino acid variatioIl along the chain. One sequeIlce with variants is: N-acetyISer-(Tyr or Phe Or Pro)-Asp-(Phe or Leu)-SCMCySH-Leu-Pro-Asp-Leu-Ser-Phe-Arg-. There is a region in component 8 where many of the S-carboxymethylcysteine residues are congregated.
Effects of Changes in Boron Nutrition on Growth and Development of Subterranean Clover
Authors: Bouma D
Published: July 2016

In the early stages, boron deficiency had little effect on dry matter accumula-tion by the plant as a whole. Root growth, however, declined significantly and this was accompanied by an accumulation of dry matter in the leaves. At progressive stages of boron deficiency distribution of dry matter to new leaf tissue also became restricted. When plants already deficient in boron were transferred to solutions without boron, increases in dry weight of existing leaves were greater than for the corresponding plants transferred to complete solutions. However, the dry weight of leaves formed after the transfer increased at a much slower rate in the no-boron than in the complete solutions_
Evidence for a Direct Involvement of Electron Transport in the High-Affinity Ion Accumulation System of Aged Beet Parenchyma
Authors: Polya GM , Atkinson MR
Published: July 2016

Effects of anaerobic conditions, uncouplers [2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (OOOP)], inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (Dio-9 and oligomycin), and an ATP-trapping reagent (L-ethionine) on influx and net uptake of K+, Na+, and 01-from 0�5 mM KOI or NaOI solutions into aged beet parenchyma disks and on tissue ATP levels were determined.
The Feeding Sites in Songhus Olerageus of Hyperomyzus Lagtugae, the Aphid Vector of Lettuce Necrotic Yellows Virus
Authors: T O'loughlin G , Chambers TC
Published: July 2016

The feeding sites of the aphid H. lactucae on S. oleraceu8, the natural wild plant host oflettuce necrotic yellows virus, have been investigated. Of 159 identifiable terminal feeding sites seen in transverse sections of S. oleraceu8 stem, 92� 5% ended in the phloem and most of these were in the relatively young cells, 6� 9 % terminated in parenchyma cells, and 0�6 % in xylem. The high proportion of sites in the phloem indicates that lettuce necrotic yellows virus is probably acquired from that tissue.
Fine Structure and Electron Cytochemical Studies of Sclerotium Rolfsii Sacc
Authors: Nair NG , White NH , Griffin DM , Blair Suzanne
Published: July 2016

A characteristic feature of the hyphal cells of S. rolfsii is an electron-dense sheath surrounding the cell wall. The cell sheath could act as a barrier to diffusion of gases. The septal pore apparatus in S. rolfsii conforms to the general pattern of dolipore septum in other basidiomycetes, and appears to be well adapted to proto-plasmic streaming and subsequent plugging of the septal pore. A prominent feature of S. rolfsii is the presence of concentric and parallel lamellar structures in the hyphal cells. We believe that lomasomes originate through a process of budding of the concentric lamellae into tubular vesicles. Though these lamellar structures resemble bacterial mesosomes, these two organelles do not appear to be homologous structures. Through cytochemical tests we have been able to show that oxidative-reductive events are not located in these lamellae but are integrated in the mitochondria of this fungus. The presence of reduced tellurite in the endoplasm probably indicates that oxidative-reductive events are distributed in the cell.
Accumulation of Carboxylic Acids From Glucose by the Pre-Implantation Mouse Embryo
Authors: Wales RG
Published: July 2016

The accumulation of carboxylic acids from glucose was measured by incubat-ing pre-implantation mouse embryos in [U-14C]glucose and separating the carboxylic acids by liquid-liquid partition chromatography. Lactic acid was the main carboxylic acid accumulated. The one-cell zygote produced five times as much lactate as the unfertilized ovum, and during subsequent development lactate accumulation increased substantially.
Metabolism of Semen After Freezing I. Effects of Washing, Skim-Milk Solids, and Potassium and Magnesium Ions On The Metabolism of Thawed Ram and Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: O'shea T
Published: July 2016

Ram spermatozoa after storage at -79�C were damaged when washed twice 10 10 volumes of diluent, the procedure used for recently ejaculated cells. After freezing, the oxygen uptake of spermatozoa washed once in 10 volumes of diluent was the same as that of unwashed cells. Using this degree of washing it was not possible to obtain thawed cells free of fructose and lactate.
Plant Water Status, Leaf Temperature, and the Calculated Mesophyll Resistance to Carbon Dioxide of Cotton Leaves
Authors: Troughton JH , Slatyer RO
Published: July 2016

The influence of plant water status and leaf temperature on the mesophyll resistance to C02 transfer for Deltapine cotton leaves was determined under condi-tions when the C02 supply was limiting photosynthesis. The mesophyll resistance was calculated from C02 response curves in normal air and oxygen-free air, under conditions when air was forced from the abaxial to adaxial side of the leaf to obtain a direct estimate of the CO2 concentration at the mesophyll cell wall.
The Action of 2,4-Dinitrophenol on Corn Root Mitochondria
Authors: Bottrill DE , Hanson JB
Published: July 2016

A study has been made of the action of a wide range of concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) on the partial reactions of oxidative phosphorylation. DNP at a concentration of 1 X 10-4M caused classic uncoupling of oxidative phos-phorylation. Higher concentrations inhibited ,phosphorylation and oxidation. The inhibition of oxidation was due to an inhibition of malate dehydrogenase. The P : � ratio was reduced by uncoupling and inhibition of the enzymes involved in ATP formation.
Heterokaryon Formation and Genetic Recombination Within One Isolate of Thanatephorus Cucumeris
Authors: Mokenzie AR , Flentje NT , M Stretton Helena , Jean Mayo M
Published: July 2016

Pairs of morphological mutants, of which six were obtained from single basidiospores of one homothallic wild stock, were found to anastomose readily and to form heterokaryons.
The Survival of Single Blastomeres of Pig Eggs Transferred to Recipient Gilts
Authors: Moore NW , Polge C , Rowson LEA
Published: July 2016

Single blastomeres of four-and six-celled pig eggs, either enclosed in their own zona pellucida, or injected into a foreign zona pellucida, were transferred to recipient gilts which were autopsied 5-6 days later. A control group in which the zona pellucida was penetrated without disturbing the blastomeres was included in the experiment. At autopsy the following percentages of transferred eggs were recovered as
Influence of Diluents and Processing Times After Ejaculation on the Survival of Deep-Frozen Ram Spermatozoa
Authors: Jones RC
Published: July 2016

Samples of semen were cooled to 5�C over 2 hr and stored for 1� 5, 5� 0, or 16�7 hr prior to freezing. Best revival was obtained after the 16�7 �hr period.
Dietary and Endogenous Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Intestine of Sheep, with an Appendix on Their Estimation in Feeds, Bile, and Faeces
Authors: Heath TJ , N Hill L
Published: July 2016

Normal sheep and sheep with fistulae of the bile duct or the thoracic duct were used to provide quantitative information on the movement of fatty acids into and out of the intestine. The operation used to gain access to the thoracic duct did not cause any significant alteration in the absorption of either [14C]tripalmitin injected into the rumen or [14C]palmitic acid injected into the duodenum. Normal sheep absorbed the major fatty acids oleic (92'1�1'3%), palmitic (87�3�5�0%), and stearic acids (93' 3� 1� 4%) with almost equal efficiency, and the absorption of labelled tri-palmitin injected into the rumen did not alter as the intake of fatty acids increased from 12g/day (90�1�2�3%) to 44g/day (90�1�1�3%).
Genetically Controlled Electrophoretic Variants of a Starch-Degrading Enzyme in Zea Mays
Authors: Finnegan DJ
Published: July 2016

The developing endosperm of young maize (Zea mays) kernels has proved to be a rich source of readily extracted enzymes suitable for electrophoretic analysis. Isozymes have already been described for alcohol dehydrogenase (Schwartz 1966), catalase (Beckman, Scandalios, and Brewbaker 1964a), esterase (Schwartz 1960), and leucine amino peptidase (Beckman, Scandalios, and Brewbaker 1964b). This communication reports the discovery of electrophoretic variants of a starch-degrading enzyme in extracts of this tissue, and some preliminary breeding tests to establish their mode of inheritance.
Growth Curves for Body Weight of the Laboratory Rat
Authors: Pahl PJ
Published: July 2016

Body weight growth of rats, bred and reared in small cages, occurs in two main stages, which overlap to a degree. During the first stage, when rats develop to maturity, all parts of the animal (e.g. head, body, limbs, tail) grow, resulting in high relative growth rates. During the second stage, one of post-maturity growth, there is an increase in body weight, unaccompanied by corresponding significant changes in such measures as limb and tail length. It is thought that the increase in body weight during the second stage is due to an increase in body fat; however, further experimentation is required to verify this contention.
Relative Value for Wool Growth and Nitrogen Retention of Several Protein Administered as Abomasal Supplements to Sheep
Authors: Colebrook WF , Reis PJ
Published: July 2016

Supplements (supplying c. 100 g protein per day) of whole egg protein, egg albumen, maize gluten, and gelatin were given to sheep via the abomasum and the effects on wool growth rate, body weight gain, and nitrogen retention were compared with those of casein.
Detoxification as a Mechanism of Resistance I a Strain of the Cattle Tick Boophilus Micropluse (Canestrini) Resistant to Organophosphorus and Carbamate Compounds
Authors: Roulston WJ , Schuntner CA , Schnitzerling HJ , Wilson JT
Published: July 2016

Strains of the cattle tick resistant to organophosphorus compounds were first found at Ridgelands in central Queensland in 1963 (Shaw and Malcolm 1964; Shaw 1966; Roulston, Stone, Wilson, and White 1968). Resistance of a different type was subsequently found at Biarra in south-eastern Queensland in 1966 (Roulston and Wharton 1967; Wharton 1967; Shaw, Cook, and Carson 1968). Ridgelands and Biarra strains of ticks both exhibit resistance to a wide range of organophosphorus and carbamate chemicals but differ in that resistance levels are higher and resistance extends to a wider range of chemicals in the Biarra strain. Biochemical investigations have shown that resistance in both strains is due to the presence of an acetylcholin-esterase system which is relatively insensitive to inhibition by organophosphorus chemicals (Lee and Batham 1966; Roulston, Schnitzerling, and Schuntner 1968; Schuntner, Roulston, and Schnitzerling 1968)
Phosphate Absorption and Long-Distance Transport in Wheat Seedlings
Authors: Edwards DG
Published: July 2016

The absorption of phosphate by the roots and simultaneous transport to the
tops of intact wheat seedlings has been studied over the concentration range
0�0001-50mM.
Processes in the Infection of Barley Leaves by Rhynchosporium Secalis
Authors: AYESU-OFFEI EN , CLARE BG
Published: July 2016

Conidia of R. secalis (Oud.) Davis germinated on barley leaves to produoe , short germ tubes and appressoria. Hyphae below the appressoria penetrated the outicle and formed extensive myoelial mats between the cuticle and the outer epidermal cell walls. Epidermal cell walls beneath the subcuticular hyphae became swollen, lamellate, and collapsed so that the inner and outer walls of the epidermis came together.
Convective Heat Transfer from Narrow Leaves
Authors: Sinolair R
Published: July 2016

Convective heat transfer was measured from models of leaves of four species
of arid-zone tree. The models were made of copper and were heated electrically.
Measurements were made in still and moving air, and empirical expressions for the
convective heat transfer coefficient he derived in each case. These expressions for he
for still air differed from the simplified engineering formulae for flat plates. The
four types of leaf, being small, long, and narrow, fell outside the range of sizes to
which the simplified free convection formulae apply, and it was found that in each
case the convective heat transfer was greater than the latter would predict.
Inositol Phosphate Phosphatases of Microbiological Origin. The Isolation of Soil Bacteria Having Inositol Phosphate Phosphatase Activity
Authors: Cosgrove DJ , Irving GCJ , Bromfield SM
Published: July 2016

The isolation of three soil bacteria exhibiting inositol phosphate phosphatase
activity is described. One isolate, a member of the genus Pseudomonas, had pronounced
phytase activity but the others had not. The latter were slightly active
against pentaphosphates, however, and they easily dephosphorylated tetraphosphates
and lower esters.
Inheritance of Ddt Resistance in a Laboratory Colony of the Housefly, Musca Domestica
Authors: Kerr RW
Published: July 2016

Strains of the housefly MUBOO domeatica L., derived by selection from the
Canberra laboratory colony established in 1939, were examined genetically and
cytologically to determine their composition, in respect to resistance to DDT, and
the modes of sex determination and inheritance of this resistance.
Effects of Ions on the Development of the Pre-Implantation Mouse Embryo in Vitro
Authors: Wales RG
Published: July 2016

The effects of potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and sulphate ions on the development of two-cell mouse embryos to blastocysts were investigated.
Tissue Culture of Some Monocotyledonous Plants
Authors: Mullin M
Published: July 2016

Of the approximately 100 species in Gautheret's (1959) list of tissue cultures 10 only are monocotyledonous, and even though additions can now be made the list of monocotyledonous species is still short. Partanen (1963, pp. 218-19) stated: "Notably refractory to being cultured satisfactorily are the tissues of monocotyledonous plants, among which are to be found, unfortunately, some of the best materials for chromosomal studies.
Effect of Abscisic Acid on Growth Correlation in Vitis Vinifera L.
Authors: Mullins MG , J Osborne Daphne
Published: July 2016

The inflorescences of woody grape vine cuttings usually atrophy if bud burst precedes emergence of adventitious roots (Mullins 1967). Roots are a site of cytokinin synthesis (Kende 1964; Itai and Vaadia 1965), and the ascending sap of vines is rich in endogenous cytokinin (Loeffler and Van Over beek 1964; Nitsch and Nitsch 1965; Skene and Kerridge 1967). The inflorescences of vine cuttings are retained and continue to grow if roots are initiated before bud burst, and the inflorescences of non-rooted cuttings are retained when treated with synthetic cytokinins (Mullins 1967).
Reversibility of Strophiolar Permeability to Water in Seeds of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.)
Authors: W Hagon M , Ballard LAT
Published: July 2016

Subterranean clover seeds which were impermeable to water were made permeable by percussion, but the impermeability could be quantitatively restored by covering the strophiolar region with Araldite or Vaseline, indicating that the percussed strophiole was the only site of water conduction.
Interpopulation Differences in Red Blood Cell Enzyme Levels of the Wallaroo Macropus Robustus (Marsupialia)
Authors: Richardson BJ , Czuppon AB
Published: July 2016

The levels of six glycolytic enzymes were studied in three different populations of M. robU8tU8. Significant interpopulation differences were found for five of the enzymes. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels are up to three times higher than those found in eutherians. Keto-I-phospha.te aldolase substrate specificity differs radically from that found in eutherians. The enzymes studied are independently regulated.
The Effects of Tick (Boophilus Microplus) Infestations on the Blood Composition of Shorthorn X Hereford Cattle on High and Low Planes of Nutrition
Authors: O'kelly JC , Seifert GW
Published: July 2016

The effects of heavy infestations of tick (B. microplus) on the blood composition of Shorthorn X Hereford steers on low and high planes of nutrition were studied.
The Effect of Amylase, Catalase, and a Decapacitating Preparation on Fertility of Bull Semen Diluted in Ambient Temperature Extender
Authors: Macmillan KL
Published: July 2016

Four ejaculates from each of three bulls were diluted in four ambient temperature extenders: (1) Caprogen; (2) Caprogen containing 8 fl-gfml ",�amylase; (3) Caprogen containing 4�5 fl-gfml catalase; and (4) Caprogen containing amylase and catalase. The conception rate (49�day % non-return rate) for each extender was 64�63; 63�37; 64�58; and 66�09% respectively. Whereas the addition of catalase significantly increased conception rates (P = 0�025), the addition of amylase did not (P > 0�25). There was a significant enzyme interaction, suggesting that any beneficial effect attributable to the amylolytic preparation was only exerted in the presence of catalase (P < 0�025). The significant improvement in in vitro livability at 37�C by the addition of amylase in the absence of catalase was minor compared to the improvement in livability obtained by the addition of catalase
A Special Type of Tracheary Element Associated with "Xylem Discontinuity" in the Floral Axis of Wheat
Authors: Zee SY , O'brien TP
Published: July 2016

In wheat, the continuity of xylem between the pericarp of the caryopsis and the rachilla is interrupted by a core of thick-walled cells which have been characterized as a special type of tracheary element. We have provided evidence to show that the xylem discontinuity restricts the flow of material from the xylem in the rachilla to that in the pericarp.
Indospicine, a Hepatotoxic Amino Acid from Indigofera Spicat A: Isolation, Structure, and Biological Studies
Authors: Hegarty MP , Pound AW
Published: July 2016

Indospicine (L-2-amino-6-amidinohexanoic acid) has been newly characterized as a component of a higher plant, being isolated from the leaves and seeds of Indigofera 8picata. Indospicine was hydrolysed in distilled water at 120�C to 2-aminopimelamic acid and ammonia (1 mole). Mild acid hydrolysis of the latter compound yielded optically pure L-oc-aminopimelic acid. The infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectra of indospicine and of its degradation products supported the proposed structure. When injected subcutaneously into mice (1 mg/g body weight) indospicine produced fat accumulation and cytologioal ohanges in the liver. The fat aocumulation was inhibited by simultaneous injeotion of arginine but not by oanavanine. A substantial part of the hepatotoxioity of extracts of 1. 8picata seed was accounted for in terms of indospicine. The ooncentration of indospicine in the seeds exoeeded that in the leaves and stems of the plant.
Genes of Large Effect and the Shape of the Distribution of a Quantitative Character
Authors: Hammond K , James JW
Published: July 2016

The shape of the frequency distribution of a quantitative character will be non-normal if genes of large effect make an appreciable contribution to the variance of that character. The skewness coefficient will be dependent upon the relative frequencies of high and low alleles, while the kurtosis coefficient is negative for intermediate and positive for extreme frequencies of these genes. Two special models are considered in illustration.
Relationship Between Levels of Soluble Carbohydrate and Starch Synthesis in Detached Ears of Wheat
Authors: Jenner CF
Published: July 2016

Detached ears of wheat were cultured on solutions of sugars. 'A highly significant correlation was observed between the concentration of sucrose in the endosperm and the rate of starch synthesis. Fluctuations in the level of sucrose in the endosperm were accomp!1nied by parallel changes in the rate of starch synthesis. It is suggested that the concentration of sucrose in the endosperm regulates the rate of starch synthesis.
The Quantitative Relationship between Nitrogen Fixation and the Acetylene-Reduction Assay
Authors: Bergersen FJ
Published: July 2016

Acetylene.reduction activity of detached soybean nodules was positively correlated with the nitrogen content of the host plants grown in nitrogen-free media. Acetylene reduction by nodulated root systems was related to light intensity preceding sampling; activity of detached nodules was lower and less influenced by light. Comparison of acetylene reduction and 15N 2 uptake by detached soybean nodules gave ratios of acetylene reduced to nitrogen fixed (C2~: NHs ratio) ranging from 2�7 to 4�2 in different experiments. The mean value for four experiments was 3�3�0�6 (S.E.). Different effects of oxygen were obtained with detached soybean nodules when 0�1 atm nitrogen and 0�1 atm acetylene were used as substrates. When the acetylene concentration was reduced to 0�005 atm the effects upon both assays were similar but the ratio of the two assays was still affected by p02.
Development of the Epidermis of the Marsupial Trichosurus Vulpecula
Authors: Downes AM , Reis PJ , Sharry LF , Tunks DA
Published: July 2016

Development of the epidermis has been studied in the brush�tailed possum T. vulpecula. Although the epidermis is thin at birth (about 12 !Lm), there is a four� to fivefold increase in epidermal thickness during the first 21 days after birth. However, when the young first emerge from the pouch, at about 120 days, the epidermis has returned to the thickness seen at birth. The thickness in adults is usually about 15 !Lm. Hair follicles differentiate from the epidermis of pouch young throughout the period of increasing epidermal thickness and during most of the subsequent period of decreasing thickness.
Relationship Between Internal Distribution of Exogenous Auxins and Accelerated Ripening of Banana Fruit
Authors: Vendrell M
Published: July 2016

Bananas were dipped in aqueous solutions of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or indoleacetic acid (IAA) at concentrations ranging from 10-5 to 10-2M. Auxin, in proportion to its concentration, stimulated ethylene production; 10-2M and 1O-3M IAA and all 2,4-D concentrations advanced ripening relative to control fruit. 2,4-D at concentrations of 10-2M, 10-3M, and sometimes 10-4M stimulated the respiratory climacteric immediately after treatment, but ripening of the peel was delayed compared to the pulp.
Studies on the Ontogeny of the Pigment Strand in the Caryopsis of Wheat
Authors: Zee S-Y , O'brien TP
Published: July 2016

The grain of wheat has a groove that extends inward nearly to the centre of the grain. At the base of this crease and extending through its length there is a strand of coloured tissue, the pigment strand. At about 3 days after anthesis the cells of this strand of tissue are similar to meristematic cells, possessing thin walls and the usual complement of organelles. At about 9 days after anthesis the cell walls thicken and lignify.
Glycogen, Glycogen-Metabolizing Enzymes, and Acid And Alkaline Phosphatases in the Endometrium of the Ewe During Early Pregnancy
Authors: Murdoch RN
Published: July 2016

The concentration of glycogen and glucose and the activity of several glycogenmetabolizing enzymes have been measured in the endometrium of the ewe during early pregnancy and after the injection of progesterone and 20ex-hydroxypregn-4-en- 3-one. The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases following the injection of steroids and the histochemical localization of the latter enzyme in the endometrium during early pregnancy have also been examined
The Morphology and Motility of Human Synovial Cells and their Pericellular Gels: A Time-Lapse Microcinematographic Study
Authors: Fraser JRE , Clarris BJ , Kont LA
Published: July 2016

The movements of human synovial cells and their associated pericellular gels have been studied by time.lapse microcinematography for periods up to 5 hr.
Some Properties of Red Blood Cell Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from three Species of Kangaroo
Authors: Richardson BJ , Czuppon AB
Published: July 2016

Richardson and Czuppon (1969) reported a cline in red blood cell glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase levels in a marsupial-the wallaroo Macropu8 robustu8 Gould, 1841. High dehydrogenase levels were found in animals from the dry inland areas of Australia, while animals from the wetter eastern coastal areas had lower levels.
Effects of Light and Darkness on the Growth of Peas
Authors: HK Low Veronica
Published: July 2016

The shoot growth and development of two varieties of peas in light, in dark-ness, and when transferred from darkness into light and vice versa were studied.
The Photosynthetic Activity of Pear Leaves (Pyrus Communis L.)
Authors: Kriedemann PE , Canterford RL
Published: July 2016

Pear leaf assimilation and transpiration were measured under both laboratory and field conditions using infrared gas analysis.
Vascular Transfer Cells in the Vegetative Nodes of Wheat
Authors: O'brien TP , Zee S-Y
Published: July 2016

The structure of the vascular bundles in the vegetative nodes and in the terminal "node" of the culm of wheat has been studied in serial transverse sections. Three types of bundles are present in the vegetative nodes (except for the terminal node): (1) nodal plate bundles, which contain numerous phloem transfer cells but no xylem transfer cells; (2) large elliptical bundles containing numerous xylem transfer cells; and (3) diffuse bundles, which alternate with the elliptical bundles, lack xylem transfer cells, but contain phloem transfer cells especially where they join with the nodal plate bundles. The significance of the presence of xylem transfer cells in the stem nodes and their absence from the terminal node of the culm and the internodes, and the possible function of the phloem transfer cells, are discussed.
Effects of Variation in Water Potential on the Viability and Behaviour of Conidia of Peronospora Tabacina Adam
Authors: Shepherd CJ , Simpson Penelope , Smith Annette
Published: July 2016

A method is described for the collection of dry conidia of P. tabacina. Conidia were shown to lose or gain water according to the ambient humidity. When stored at 91'4% R.H., 50% of conidia were swollen, while all were shrunken at 88% RH. and all swollen at 94% RH. Average weight per conidium increased from 1� 04 ng at 0% R.H. to 2� 65 ng at 99% R.H.
Developmental Changes in the Late Larva of Calliphora Stygia Iv. Uptake of Plasma Protein by the Fat Body
Authors: Martin Marjoryd , F Kinnear Judith , Thomson JA
Published: July 2016

The protein content of the larval fat body of O. stygia increases during late third-instar development from 1 �0 mg at day 7 to 3�4 mg in the white prepupa (day 11). This increase is due predominantly to uptake of protein from the haemolymph, in which there is a concurrent fall in protein concentration. The rate of uptake rises from 0�6 mg/day at days 8-9 to 0�9 mg/day at days 10-11.
Alterations in Host Metabolism by the Specific and Anorectic Effects of the Cattle Tick (Boophilus Microplus) II. Changes in Blood Composition
Authors: O'kelly JC , Seebeck RM , Springell PH
Published: July 2016

Changes in the blood composition of Hereford steers kept on a high. quality diet and infested with B. microplus were studied. The experiment was designed so that the effects on blood composition due to reduced feed intake ("anorectic effect") and those due to the remaining factors of tick infestation ("specific effect") could be independently estimated.
Arteriovenous Differences in Concentration of Haemoglobin and Urea Across the Forestomachs of Sheep Given Lucerne Chaff
Authors: Hecker JF , Nolan JV
Published: July 2016

Since the concept of movement of urea nitrogen across the rumen wall was proposed by Simonnet, Le Bars, and Molle (1957), it has gained wide acceptance. Experiments using isolated, washed, saline-filled rumens of anaesthetized sheep (Houpt 1959; Hogan 1961; Ash and Dobson 1963; Packett and Groves 1965) and rumen pouches (Juhasz 1965; Houpt and Houpt 1968) have shown that urea can cross the rumen wall, appearing in the lumen mainly as ammonia. Gray, Pilgrim, and Weller (1958), Harris and Phillipson (1962), and Kay and Phillipson (1962) have shown that, with diets low in protein, more nitrogen may pass from the abomasum than is contained in the feed, indicating entry of endogenous nitrogen to the rumen. As the salivary urea excretion rate may account for only about 0�5 g nitrogen per day (McDonald 1948), it has been implied that the gain in nitrogen results from passage of urea nitrogen through the rumen epithelium from the blood (Houpt 1959; Kay and Hobson 1963; Juhasz 1965; Houpt and Houpt 1968; Tillman and Sidhu 1969).
Ultrastructure and Differentiation of Hydrodictyon Reticulatum II. Formation of Zooids Within The Coenobium
Authors: JMarchant H , Pickett-Heaps JD
Published: July 2016

A summary of the life cycle of H. reticulatum is given here in the second of a series of papers on an ultrastructural study of the development and differentiation of the various stages in the life cycle. The formation of zooids by the coenobia is then discussed in detail. After the fragmentation of the chloroplast and disintegra. tion of the pyrenoids the cytoplasm cleaves: firstly, to form the vacuolar envelope, a thin cytoplasmic layer that separates the vacuole from the rest of the cytoplasm; secondly, to form uninucleate fragments of the cytoplasm each of which later develops a pair of flagella. Observations on the cytoplasmic cleavage and the role of microtubules in the cleavage are related to similar events in other algae. The function of the vacuolar envelope and the golgi apparatus, and the disintegration of the pyrenoids are also discussed.
Aspartic Acid, Asparagine, Glutamic Acid, and Glutamine Contents of Wool and two Derived Protein Fractions
Authors: Holt LA , Milligan B , Roxburgh CM
Published: July 2016

A method is described for the hydrolysis of wool which entails successive reduction, carboxymethylation, and digestion with the three enzymes, Pronase, prolidase, and leucine aminopeptidase. The reliability of the method has been checked using two proteins of known composition, viz. ribonuclease A and insulin.
Effects of Radiation on Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster with Different Genetic Structures III. Interaction with Population Size
Authors: Dyer KF
Published: July 2016

A number of populations of D. melanogaster, varying in size from approximately 50 individuals to more than 5000, were chronically irradiated with 4000 r X-rays per generation and studied over a period of 40 generations to determine whether and to what extent the accumulation and equilibrium frequency of lethal chromosomes differed from one to the other. The overall fitness of these populations was studied by comparing the productivity of small samples taken from them, which were allowed to lay eggs and have their offspring develop under optimum conditions. The results of these experiments were as follows
Nectar Production in Abutilon III. Sugar Secretion
Authors: Findlay Nele , Reed ML , Mercer FV
Published: July 2016

Analysis of Abutilon nectaries shows that the sugar content of the nectary rises sharply as nectar secretion begins. Nectar secretion on the plant occurs at a steady rate of 2-5 mg total sugar per flower. hour for 36-48 hr. A total of about 100 mg sugar per flower is secreted, and this is about seven times the maximum sugar content of the nectary at any time. Secretion of sugar in nectar by isolated nectaries floating on 0--0� 4M sucrose solution is in two phases. During phase I the rate is independent of concentration of sucrose in the external medium, but the rate is decreased by increasing the osmotic pressure of the medium with mannitol. In phase II the rate of secretion of sugar depends on the concentration of sucrose in the external medium and is independent of increase in osmotic pressure with mannitol. The rate is zero on water and reaches a maximum on about O� 4M sucrose. Secretion is reduced in both phases on media of sucrose concentration