bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multinucleon Transfer Reactions in the 70Zn (15 MeV/nucleon) + 64Ni System: Detailed Studies of the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Koulouris Stergios , Souliotis Georgios , Cappuzzello Francesco , Carbone Diana , Pakou Athina , Agodi Clementina , Brischetto Giuseppe , Calabrese Salvatore , Cavallaro Manuela , Ciraldo Irene , Fasoula Olga , Klimo Jozef , Sgouros Onoufrios , Soukeras Vasileios , Spatafora Alessandro , Torresi Domenico , Veselsky Martin
Published: August 2024

The present work constitutes one of the few high-resolution mass spectrometric studies in the energy range of 15–25 MeV/nucleon in order to produce and identify neutron-rich projectile-like fragments from the reaction of 70Zn (15 MeV/nucleon) + 64Ni. We obtained high-quality experimental data from a recent experiment with the MAGNEX spectrometer at the INFN-LNS in Catania, Italy. The momentum distributions (p/A), angular distributions and the production cross sections of various multinucleon transfer channels were studied thoroughly. Our experimental distributions shown in this contribution are compared with two dynamical models, the Deep-Inelastic Transfer (DIT) model and the Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) model. Subsequently, the code GEMINI is applied for the de-excitation of the primary fragments. The DIT model, designed to describe the sequential exchange of nucleons, yielded an overall fair description of the processes that correspond to nucleon exchange, but is not able to effectively describe parts of the distributions that refer to direct reaction mechanisms. The microscopic CoMD model calculations indicate that further optimization is needed, that is currently underway. The present work outlines an experimental approach to study peripheral reactions of medium-mass nuclei in the Fermi energy regime and an effort to pave a systematic way toward the efficient production of exotic neutron-rich nuclei.
A study on the wall effect of the Spherical Proportional Counter for long-range particle detection
Authors: Goula Ioanna , Ilias Savvidis  , Georgios Savvidis  , Ali Dastgheibi Fard  , Mohamed El Moustapha Cheikh Mohamed Fadel
Published: August 2024

The Spherical Proportional Counter is a large-volume gaseous detector that finds application in many fields, like α, β, γ radiation detection, neutrino detection and Dark Matter research. When a reaction happens close to the detector wall it is possible for the produced particles to hit the wall and lose energy. This is known as the wall effect and it leads to wrong calculations of the incident particle energy. It depends on the particles’ range and the detector characteristics, such as its size and the gas pressure. In this work, a study has been done in order to quantify the wall effect for the SPC, for any application. We used neutron beams, which cover the total volume of the sphere and interact with the gas nuclei, giving several reactions. The presented data derive from simulations on GEANT4 and are in agreement with the experimental data from neutron beams of the TANDEM Accelerator Laboratory, NCSR Demokritos.
The genomes of the aquarium sponges Tethya wilhelma and Tethya minuta (Porifera: Demospongiae)
Authors: Wörheide Gert , Francis Warren R. , Deister Fabian , Krebs Stefan , Erpenbeck Dirk , Vargas Sergio
Published: August 2024

Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are aquatic sessile metazoans found worldwide in marine and freshwater environments. They are significant in the animal tree of life as one of the earliest-branching metazoan lineages and as filter feeders play crucial ecological roles, particularly in coral reefs, but are susceptible to the effects of climate change. In the face of the current biodiversity crisis, genomic data is crucial for species conservation efforts and predicting their evolutionary potential in response to environmental changes. However, there is a limited availability of culturable sponge species with annotated high-quality genomes to further comprehensive insights into animal evolution, function, and their response to the ongoing global change. Despite the publication of a few high-quality annotated sponge genomes, there remains a gap in resources for culturable sponge species. To address this gap, we provide high quality draft genomes of the two congeneric aquarium species Tethya wilhelma and Tethya minuta, small ball-shaped demosponges that are easily maintained long-term in ex situ culture. As such, they offer promising opportunities as laboratory models to contribute to advancing our understanding of sponge biology and provide valuable resources for studying animal evolution, function, and responses to environmental challenges.
Smartphone dependence and addiction and bruxism in “NEET” young people in two coastal cities in Peru
Authors: Yarlequé Mendoza Silvana Jackeline , Zambrano Uceda Katerine Estefani , Orrego-Ferreyros Luis Alexander
Published: August 2024

Background Excessive smartphone use has become a growing public health concern, especially among young people. Previous studies have suggested a possible relationship between excessive smartphone use and bruxism. However, the evidence on this relationship is still limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to determine the relationship between smartphone dependence and addiction and bruxism in “NEET” (not in education, employment or training) young people in two coastal cities in Peru: Piura and Chincha. Methods A cross-sectional, correlational, and exploratory study was conducted. The sample consisted of 195 "NEETs" young people who attended to dental office. Two data collection instruments were used: the Smartphone Dependence and Addiction Scale (EDAS-18) and the self-reported bruxism questionnaire (CBA). The Chi2 Pearson test was used to analyze the association between the variables. Results In Piura, a significant association was found between smartphone dependence or addiction and bruxism (49.3% of young people with smartphone dependence or addiction had bruxism, p-value = 0.003). However, in Chincha this relationship was not significant. In the latter city, bruxism showed a significant association with gender (men had a higher prevalence of bruxism, p-value = 0.034), but not with smartphone dependence or addiction (p-value = 0.171). In Piura, the proportion of bruxism was 3.77 times higher in those with smartphone dependence or addiction in the simple model (p-value = 0.004), and 5.38 times higher in the adjusted model (p-value = 0.001). Conclusion This study highlights the regional variability in the relationship between smartphone use and bruxism among “NEETs” young people. A significant association is evident in Piura but not in Chincha, which underscores the need for context-adapted interventions to address the effects of excessive technology use on oral health.
Temporomandibular joint disorder among Peruvian music students of different instrumental specialties
Authors: Collazos Pareja Almendra Celeste , Pilco Condori David Fredy , Orrego-Ferreyros Luis Alexander
Published: August 2024

Background Music, a profound human expression, can have physical implications for its practitioners. Musicians face various physical challenges that can impact their well-being, with craniofacial and temporomandibular pain being prevalent yet understudied. Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) affects up to one-third of the population, though prevalence varies by study. While musculoskeletal issues like carpal tunnel syndrome are well-documented in musicians, craniofacial and temporomandibular pain is less explored. This study aims to determine the differences in TMJD frequency among music students of different instrumental specialties. Methods The sample was composed of students between 12 and 25 years of age from the National University of Music of Peru. A stratified random probability sample was chosen. Data were collected using a structured instrument covering general data, academic information, dental malocclusion, the Fonseca Simplified Anamnestic Index, and the Global Stress Perception Scale. Statistical analysis included Pearson's Chi-square test and a generalized linear model regression. Results The sample included 71.4% males with a median age of 23 years. Class II dental occlusion was most common (51.4%). TMJD prevalence was: 14.3% no TMJD, 60.0% mild TMJD, 22.9% moderate TMJD, and 2.9% severe TMJD. Metal wind (PR=0.04, 95%CI [0.00; 50.04], p=0.002) and woodwind players (PR=0.03, 95%CI [0.00; 0.56], p=0.018) had lower TMJD prevalence compared to plucked string and percussion players. Post-regression analysis indicated significant differences between metal wind and percussion students (p=0.030) and between percussion and woodwind students (p=0.025). These results are supported by the adjusted ratio of proportions analysis, which maintains statistical significance. Conclusion We found significant differences in TMJD prevalence among music students based on their instrumental specialty, with lower rates in metal wind and woodwind players compared to plucked string and percussion players.
Effect of a pragmatic lifestyle modification intervention on physical activity levels and body mass index among obese and overweight adolescents in Udupi, India: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: srivastav prateek , K Vaishali , Bhat H Vinod , Broadbent Suzanne
Published: August 2024

Background Determine the effects of a multifactorial lifestyle intervention on physical activity (PA), BMI and health-related quality of life (QoL) in obese and overweight adolescents. Methods Nine schools in India were clustered randomly in a 12-month study with students allocated to a multifactorial intervention (MFI), or exercise only (EX) or control (CON) group. Participants were adolescents aged 11-16 years (n=671). In the MFI group, adolescents and their parents received lifestyle education using a validated booklet combined with a PA intervention for school students. The EX group received school-based PA only; the CON group continued regular activities. Primary outcomes were PA levels measured with the PAQ-A, and BMI; the secondary outcome was health-related QoL. A linear regression statistical model was used to analyse time, group effects and interactions, with Bonferroni correction for within-group differences at baseline (T0) and at 12-weeks (T1) (post-intervention), 6-month (T2) and 12-month (T3) follow-ups. Results Significant time and group effects observed for all groups with PA scores (p<0.001), with MFI group having largest increase in PA; with BMI (p<0.001) and MFI showing the least gain in BMI; and HRQOL (p<0.001), with MFI group showing greatest improvement in scores. There were significant increases in PA at T1 and T3 time-points with the EX group, and at T3 time-point only for MFI and CON, with MFI group showing largest increase in HRQOL scores. BMI increased significantly for all groups at T2 (MFI p=0.001, EX p<0.001) and T3 (p<0.001), while HRQOL increased significantly for both MFI and EX at both follow-ups (p<0.001). Conclusions School-based lifestyle MFI was more effective for improving PA, lifestyle behaviours and HRQOL than exercise alone for adolescents, although BMI was not reduced. MFI with PA could be an effective school-based approach for behaviour modification but BMI has limitations for measuring body composition changes. Registration CTRI/2019/04/018834 (30/04/2019).
The use of guest speakers in higher education and implications for pharmaceutical teaching: a systematic review of literature
Authors: ALSHAHRANI ALI
Published: August 2024

Background The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the current literature on the use of guest speakers in higher education teaching and evaluate the implications of the findings for teaching in pharmaceutical teaching. Methods A comprehensive search of different academic databases for literature on the use of guest speakers in higher education teaching was conducted and articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. A total of 15 articles were used in this systematic review. Results The use of guest speakers has critical benefits including promoting better learning, good career preparedness, positive learning outcomes, and creating an environment where learners have the opportunity to perceive real-world scenarios from the experiences of the guest speakers and thus be better prepared for the job market. With the increasing importance of the role of guest speakers in higher education learning, researchers have been engaging in coming up with standards and best practices for enhancing the effectiveness of the use of guest speakers in learning. The use of guest speakers in the teaching of pharmacy can enhance positive health outcomes by allowing students to have a better view of the situations they will deal with in their careers. Conclusion The use of guest speakers can have major positive outcomes in promoting effectiveness in learning among students of pharmacy. Professors teaching pharmacy courses have the opportunity to benefit from various tools and resources that academic researchers have developed for guiding the process of the use of guest speakers in pharmacy teaching.
Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women
Authors: Dkhar Winniecia , Kadavigere Rajagopal , Ravichandran Sneha , Pradhan Abhimanyu , Sukumar Suresh , Barnes Abraham Neil
Published: August 2024

Background Breast cancer remains a significant global health concern, with early diagnosis and risk factor identification crucial for improving outcomes. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) measurements have emerged as promising tools in breast cancer diagnostics. However, the influence of hormonal status on these measurements remains unclear. Objective This scoping review aims to synthesize current evidence on how hormonal changes in pre- and post-menopausal women influence ADC values of benign, malignant, and fibroglandular breast tissues. Method Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework, we conducted a comprehensive search of Scopus, Embase, and PubMed databases for relevant studies published between January 2000 and 2021. Inclusion criteria encompassed 1.5 Tesla MRI studies reporting ADC values in female subjects, considering menopausal status. Results Six studies meeting the inclusion criteria, involving 612 patients, were analyzed. Findings suggest that menopausal status may influence ADC values, with postmenopausal women generally showing lower ADC values in both normal fibroglandular tissue and breast lesions. The impact of menstrual cycle phases on ADC values was less consistent across studies. Conclusions This review highlights the potential influence of hormonal status on ADC values in breast tissues. While DWI with ADC mapping shows promise as a reliable diagnostic tool across different hormonal states, further research is needed to fully understand and account for hormonal influences on ADC measurements. Future studies should focus on longitudinal designs, standardization of DWI protocols, and integration of hormonal status information into breast cancer risk assessment models.
Case Report: A male newborn with occipital horn syndrome
Authors: Georgeos Marian K. H. , Hanna Engy M.
Published: August 2024

Occipital horn syndrome (OHS) is a rare genetic disease and copper transport disorder caused by a faulty ATP7A gene with multisystemic presentations, most originally related to musculoskeletal and connective tissue affections. In our case, a male neonate with OHS presented soon after birth with pathognomonic occipital exostosis, cutis laxa at the nape region, and widely opened skull sutures and fontanels. A skeletal survey showed occipital exostosis projecting from the line of insertion of the trapezius muscle and wide fontanels on skull X-ray films with no exostoses or deformities elsewhere. In addition to our case report being the second reported case for the condition detected early in the neonatal period, it also emphasizes the importance of investigating any sign thoroughly, as it may be an early alarming sign of a progressive disease that may affect the patient’s quality of life. In addition, it highlights the value of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of these patients.
Federated Learning for Internet of Medical Healthcare: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Chelani Nikita , Tripathy Shivam , Kumhar Malaram , Bhatia Jitendra , Saxena Varun , Tanwar Sudeep , Nayyar Anand
Published: August 2024

Federated Learning is a decentralized machine learning method that allows collaborative model training across several devices or institutions while maintaining the privacy and localization of data. Since the raw data is used locally, this collaborative method enables the development of a strong and precise global model without jeopardizing the privacy and security of sensitive data. The healthcare sector is an important one that focuses on preserving and enhancing people's health through medical services, diagnoses, treatments, and preventative measures. Efficient evaluation of Federated Learning in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) enables breakthroughs in medical image analysis, electronic health record analysis, personalized treatment planning, and drug development by enabling institutions to train models locally on sensitive patient information without sharing raw data. This paper presents the role of Federated Learning in healthcare and current trends in Federated Learning-based healthcare. A case study is presented on deep Federated Learning for privacy-preserving in healthcare. Finally, challenges and future research directions are discussed in the paper.
PA Fuzzy-noise Removal in Wireless Sensors Networks
Authors: Goud B Harish , Raju Anitha
Published: August 2024

In the wireless sensor’s network, a large number of sensor device data is sent directly to the base station. So huge amount of noise is also added with data going to the base station and there is no security mechanism for protecting sensor device data in the existing scenario. WSN has numerous applications, including healthcare systems, secure military applications, and monitoring applications. Achievement of noise removal is essential for WSN. Many researchers have focused on enhancing the removal of noise in data and extending the network lifetime. Sensor Nodes (SNs), cluster heads (CHs), and base stations make up the standard WSN architecture. The communication of SNs using the traditional design consumes high energy increases delay and reduces network performance. To address the limitation of the present state of the system, this research work proposed a PA Fuzzy system which is acting like a filter used to remove unnecessary noise with sensor data that is moving toward the base station. And PA Fuzzy system after removing noise, and sensor data is encrypted so that it can be protected from hackers .It makes the network performance better, decreases delay and energy use, and increases the Ratio of packet deliveries and throughput. The execution of the suggested methodology was made using NS2. The proposed’s empirical outcomes system outperforms with comparison of the existing WSN mechanisms.
A Visual Webpage Information Extraction Framework For Competitive Intelligence System
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Qin Wenbo , Xu Haifeng
Published: August 2024

The extraction of webpage information is of paramount importance in the realm of competitive intelligence. This research is dedicated to the design and implementation of a visual webpage information extraction module within a competitive intelligence system, approached through the lens of research and development (R&D) technology and its practical applications. Initially, the study delineates the objectives and requirements for webpage information extraction, emphasizing the practical needs of competitive intelligence systems. By critically assessing the strengths and weaknesses of current theories and methodologies in webpage text information extraction, this paper introduces an innovative visual method for extracting webpage text information. Subsequently, the paper meticulously outlines the comprehensive architecture of the proposed module. Building upon this foundation, the study delves into the specifics of the extraction template, rule generation, optimization techniques, and the extraction algorithm pivotal to the process of visual webpage information extraction. The system’s effectiveness and practical utility are substantiated through a series of confirmatory experiments, the results of which are thoroughly analyzed. The findings affirm that the developed system adeptly fulfills the webpage information extraction needs of competitive intelligence systems, contributing significantly to the R&D efforts in which the authors are engaged.
Analysis of Abnormal Freezing Data and Updating Algorithm for Electromechanical Energy Meter Terminals
Authors: Zhao Shuzhi , Du Yue , He Shanshan , Bian Jiao , Shi Jiabo
Published: August 2024

Due to the rapid development of science and information technology, electricity information acquisition system has been widely used in the electricity data collection of users. With the massive electricity data collection, it is difficult to adopt traditional data processing methods to meet the abnormal data processing. In order to effectively mine abnormal information in electricity consumption data, an anomaly detection model based on the Isolation Forest (iForest) algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the daily load curve with strong regularity is used as the characteristic index of anomaly monitoring, and the users with abnormal electricity consumption data are preliminarily screened. Secondly, on the basis of electrical variables, the suspected abnormal users are further analyzed, and the anomaly identification model of electricity data is established to automatically classify the voltage at the metering point. Moreover, combined with the current data, the abnormality of the electric energy metering device is identified, and then the validity of the model is determined through on-site verification. Finally, according to the participating voltage of the fault phase, the 96-point voltage data frozen during the failure period is analyzed and the correction coefficient is adjusted. The results reveal that the electricity data detection model based on the iForest algorithm has significant advantages in computational efficiency. Through the cumulative recall and Precision-Recall (P-R) curves of the model, it is found that the majority of abnormal users can be detected only by detecting a few users with high abnormal scores, which shows that the model has high efficiency. The decision tree algorithm combined with the current data can effectively identify the anomalies of the energy metering device, which verifies the validity of the anomaly identification model of the electricity consumption data.
Hand-drawn Illustration Design in National Wave Style Based on Deep Learning and Image Super Resolution Reconstruction
Authors: Yu Miaomiao , Jamali Siti Salmi Binti , Husain Adzira Binti
Published: August 2024

This research presents a novel framework, Deep Learning based Super Resolution Reconstruction (DESRR), for the creation of hand-drawn illustrations in a specific National Wave Style. The proposed framework leverages advanced deep learning techniques, with a primary focus on the integration of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for image super resolution reconstruction. The objective is to enhance the resolution and fidelity of hand-drawn illustrations while preserving the distinctive characteristics of the chosen national wave style. The DESRR framework involves a two-step process: firstly, the utilization of GAN algorithms for generating illustrations that encapsulate the unique artistic nuances of the targeted national wave style; and secondly, the application of image super resolution techniques to refine and elevate the quality of the generated illustrations. The GAN-based approach, specifically inspired by ESRGAN (Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network), enables the model to learn intricate details and textures, ensuring that the reconstructed images maintain the authenticity of the chosen style. To implement DESRR, a curated dataset of hand-drawn images in the specified national wave style is employed for training. The model is fine-tuned to strike a balance between increased resolution and the faithful representation of the targeted artistic style. The framework’s effectiveness is evaluated through a comprehensive analysis, considering both quantitative measures of image quality and qualitative assessments of style preservation. The proposed DESRR framework not only contributes to the field of artistic illustration design but also showcases the potential of combining deep learning and image super resolution techniques for creative applications.
Research on Data-driven Urban Intelligent Monitoring and Old City Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Yi
Published: August 2024

As the global urbanization process is further accelerating, the number of urban people is also steadily increasing. With the continuous growth of the urban population, the use of various functional facilities in the city is gradually becoming saturated, which seriously restricts the development of the city. Therefore, real-time perception and prediction of the operational status of various functional urban facilities, as well as environmental safety monitoring in the city, are of great significance for improving the functionality and livability of the city. In complex urban environments, multi-source data is interrelated, and the noise reduction of multi-source data and the integration of this correlation still face great challenges. At the same time, how to apply urban intelligent monitoring in the  reconstruction of old cities is rarely mentioned. Based on the above problems, this paper proposes a data noise reduction model based on a wavelet algorithm and combines it with the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) multi-source data fusion structure proposed in this paper to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of an urban intelligent monitoring model. Then, the author constructed a data-driven urban safety environment monitoring model and a multi-source data-based urban congestion monitoring model, which have good experimental results and certain practical value. At the end of the paper, the author briefly discussed the application of the smart city monitoring model in the reconstruction of old cities, hoping to provide certain guidance for further integration in the future.
Feature Extraction of Gymnastics Images Based on Multi-scale Feature Fusion Algorithm
Authors: Tian Kun , Xia Qionghua
Published: August 2024

The feature extraction and analysis of gymnastics images is an essential foundation for estimating human posture. The primary step is to obtain various joint points of athletes based on basic information such as human texture and contour in the sports images. The reconstruction and analysis of the human skeleton is completed based on the feature data of the joint points. In this process, traditional algorithm models often have certain shortcomings in the accuracy of feature extraction for motion images. This paper combines multi-scale feature fusion algorithms to construct a gymnastics motion image feature extraction model, which can achieve more accurate and efficient analysis and research for the feature extraction process of motion images, further improving the detection accuracy of joint points in motion images; this lays an essential foundation for feature extraction of gymnastics images. At the same time, it also provides more methods for skeleton reconstruction based on image feature information during the motion process, improving the efficiency and accuracy of reconstruction.
R v Noor: a landmark case in female genital mutilation prosecution
Authors: Saund-Matharu Hartej , Home Joe
Published: August 2024

This article on the case of R v Noor (2024) discusses the second successful UK prosecution under the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003, marking a significant legal precedent in addressing female genital mutilation. It underscores the critical role of midwives in detecting, reporting and caring for victims, highlighting the intersection of healthcare, law and ethics in combating this practice. By examining the case of Amina Noor, who took a child abroad for female genital mutilation, the article elucidates the legal ramifications of such acts. It stresses the importance of midwifery awareness, education and collaboration with legal entities to protect women and girls. The article advocates for continuous professional development, the use of legal tools such as female genital mutilation protection orders and a Commissioner to prevent female genital mutilation, emphasising the collective responsibility of healthcare professionals in eradicating this harmful practice and safeguarding vulnerable individuals.
Biomechanics of childbirth
Authors: Topalidou Anastasia
Published: August 2024

Anastasia Topalidou responds to a research article on biomechanics and fetal optimal positioning published in the May issue of the British Journal of Midwifery
Periprosthetic joint infection of the hip
Authors: Kennedy Ian W. , Sinnerton Robert , Jeyakumar Gowsikan , Kane Nicholas , Young David , Meek R. M. D.
Published: August 2024

Aims

The number of revision arthroplasties being performed in the elderly is expected to rise, including revision for infection. The primary aim of this study was to measure the treatment success rate for octogenarians undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) compared to a younger cohort. Secondary outcomes were complications and mortality.

Methods

Patients undergoing one- or two-stage revision of a primary THA for PJI between January 2008 and January 2021 were identified. Age, sex, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), McPherson systemic host grade, and causative organism were collated for all patients. PJI was classified as ‘confirmed’, ‘likely’, or ‘unlikely’ according to the 2021 European Bone and Joint Infection Society criteria. Primary outcomes were complications, reoperation, re-revision, and successful treatment of PJI. A total of 37 patients aged 80 years or older and 120 patients aged under 80 years were identified. The octogenarian group had a significantly lower BMI and significantly higher CCI and McPherson systemic host grades compared to the younger cohort.

Results

The majority of patients were planned to undergo two-stage revision, although a significantly higher proportion of the octogenarians did not proceed with the second stage (38.7% (n = 12) vs 14.8% (n = 16); p = 0.003). Although there was some evidence of a lower complication rate in the younger cohort, this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.065). No significant difference in reoperation (21.6% (n = 8) vs 25.0% (n = 30); p = 0.675) or re-revision rate (8.1% (n = 3) vs 16.7% (n = 20); p = 0.288) was identified between the groups. There was no difference in treatment success between groups (octogenarian 89.2% (n = 33) vs control 82.5% (n = 99); p = 0.444).

Conclusion

When compared to a younger cohort, octogenarians did not show a significant difference in complication, re-revision, or treatment success rates. However, given they are less likely to be eligible to proceed with second stage revision, consideration should be given to either single-stage revision or use of an articulated spacer to maximize functional outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(8):802–807.
Factors associated with joint survival after transposition osteotomy of the acetabulum in patients with Tönnis grade 2 osteoarthritis secondary to hip dysplasia
Authors: Tanaka Shiori , Fujii Masanori , Kawano Syunsuke , Ueno Masaya , Nagamine Satomi , Mawatari Masaaki
Published: August 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes and factors contributing to failure of transposition osteotomy of the acetabulum (TOA), a type of spherical periacetabular osteotomy, for advanced osteoarthritis secondary to hip dysplasia.

Methods

We reviewed patients with Tönnis grade 2 osteoarthritis secondary to hip dysplasia who underwent TOA between November 1998 and December 2019. Patient demographic details, osteotomy-related complications, and the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) were obtained via medical notes review. Radiological indicators of hip dysplasia were assessed using preoperative and postoperative radiographs. The cumulative probability of TOA failure (progression to Tönnis grade 3 or conversion to total hip arthroplasty) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limited method. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of failure.

Results

This study included 127 patients (137 hips). Median follow-up period was ten years (IQR 6 to 15). The median mHHS improved from 59 (IQR 52 to 70) preoperatively to 90 (IQR 73 to 96) at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). The survival rate was 90% (95% CI 82 to 95) at ten years, decreasing to 21% (95% CI 7 to 48) at 20 years. Fair joint congruity on preoperative hip abduction radiographs and a decreased postoperative anterior wall index (AWI) were identified as independent risk factors for failure. The survival rate for the 42 hips with good preoperative joint congruity and a postoperative AWI ≥ 0.30 was 100% at ten years, and remained at 83% (95% CI 38 to 98) at 20 years.

Conclusion

Although the overall clinical outcomes of TOA in patients with advanced osteoarthritis are suboptimal, favourable results can be achieved in selected cases with good preoperative joint congruity and adequate postoperative anterior acetabular coverage.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(8):783–791.
Investigation of the Prevalence of Polymorphisms of IFITM3
rs12252 and rs34481144 in the Turkish Population: A Pilot
Study and Survey Conducted during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pirim Dilek , Bağcı Fatih , Niş Hasan , Akalın Emin
Published: August 2024

Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) plays a substantial role in the immune system
by repressing viral entry into host cells and restricting virus replication. Recent research suggests that
specific polymorphisms of the IFITM3 gene, rs34481144 and rs12252, contribute to susceptibility to
viral infections across populations dependent on their population frequencies, which needs further
clarification. This population-based study determined the prevalence of two regulator SNPs in the
Turkish population and evaluated genotype and allele frequencies in individuals stratified into groups
based on a pilot survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tetra-Primer Arms PCR assays and
Sanger sequencing methods were used to genotype rs34481144 and rs12252; all participants (n = 200)
answered a questionnaire on individual experiences (e.g., disease severity, vaccine side effects) during
the COVID-19 pandemic. Distributions of genotype frequencies and pairwise linkage disequilibrium
correlations were calculated and compared to publicly available data from worldwide populations. The
minor allele frequencies for rs12252-G and rs34481144-T were 0.128 and 0.324, respectively, in the total
sample. Our preliminary survey data gave no concrete evidence of a correlation between the analyzed
SNPs and COVID-19 severity or vaccine side effects yet pinpointed a trend for an association between
rs12252-G and symptom burdens, which merits further investigation. Overall, our results present genotype
and allele distributions of two IFITM3 polymorphisms in the Turkish population and provide preliminary
data on previously suggested correlations of genotype with COVID-19 in our population.
Ghost surface magnon-plasmon polariton in antiferromagnets covered with graphene monolayer
Authors: Liu Qingxin , Li Yubo , Fu Shufang , Wang Xuan-Zhang
Published: August 2024

We predicted one ghost surface magnon-plasmon polariton (GSMPP) in antiferromagnets covered a graphene monolayer in the out-plane geometry where both an external magnetic field and the antiferromagnetic easy axis are normal to the surface. This GSMPP exists in the frequency range that linearly increases with the external magnetic field. Due to the coupling between the external magnetic-field and electrons in the graphene monolayer, we found some interesting features of the GSMPP. (1) The frequency range of the GSMPP occupies the whole interval between the two antiferromagnetic resonant frequencies and linearly increases with the external magnetic field. (2) There two necessary conditions for the existence of GSMPP, or one is the existence of external magnetic field and the other is that the GSMPP frequency must be larger than the electronic-cyclotron frequency in the graphene monolayer so that the GSMPP exists in an enclosed triangular region in the frequency-field space. (3) The oscillatory behavior of GSMPP field and Poynting vector along the surface normal are very easily seen. (4) The surface conductivity of graphene monolayer and the antiferromagnetic permeability are controlled by the Femi-energy of graphene and external magnetic field, so the GSMPP is a highly-tunable surface polariton. The numerically-simulated attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra prove that the GSMPP is a real-world existence and more easily observed in experiment. The results are interesting in spintronics and surface optics, as well as the relevant technology fields.
Experimental study on the transmission performance of an ultraviolet and visible light communication system under an artificial fog channel
Authors: Liu Xinling , Lu Huimin , Zhu Yifan , Ma Jianhua , Hao Rui , Chen Danyang , Wang Jianping
Published: August 2024

In this work, the visible light communication (VLC) and deep ultraviolet light communication (DUVLC) systems under an artificial fog channel are established, into which a fog channel simulator based on an acrylic box connected to a fog generator through a pipe is introduced. The VLC and DUVLC systems are based on line-of-sight (LOS) channel and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channel with a large receiving angle about 90°, respectively. Under the influence of fog concentration, the transmission performance of the VLC and DUVLC systems is further analyzed and compared, including path loss, received signal quality and bit error rate (BER). Both VLC and DUVLC links were applied, and the BER of the integrated system was experimentally collected. The results show that the lower the fog concentration, the better the transmission performance of the VLC system, while the transmission performance of the DUVLC system is worse. Furthermore, the transmission distance and received angle should be considered for the NLOS-based DUVLC system, which can achieve communication at a distance of 10 cm and a receiving angle of 100° under the influence of dense fog. Moreover, the two links, DUVLC and VLC, are simultaneously applied for information transmission, which verifies that the dual-band integrated system can be well adapted to a fog environment. This study not only provides experimental support for the application of the VLC and DUVLC composite system but also demonstrates the possibility of applying the dual-band system in fog environments to a variety of complex outdoor scenarios.
High refresh rate display for natural monocular viewing in AOSLO psychophysics experiments
Authors: Moon Benjamin , Linebach Glory , Yang Angelina , Jenks Samantha K. , Rucci Michele , Poletti Martina , Rolland Jannick P.
Published: August 2024

By combining an external display operating at 360 frames per second with an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) for human foveal imaging, we demonstrate color stimulus delivery at high spatial and temporal resolution in AOSLO psychophysics experiments. A custom pupil relay enables viewing of the stimulus through a 3-mm effective pupil diameter and provides refractive error correction from -8 to +4 diopters. Performance of the assembled and aligned pupil relay was validated by measuring the wavefront error across the field of view and correction range, and the as-built Strehl ratio was 0.64 or better. High-acuity stimuli were rendered on the external display and imaged through the pupil relay to demonstrate that spatial frequencies up to 54 cycles per degree, corresponding to 20/11 visual acuity, are resolved. The completed external display was then used to render fixation markers across the field of view of the monitor, and a continuous retinal montage spanning 9.4 by 5.4 degrees of visual angle was acquired with the AOSLO. We conducted eye-tracking experiments during free-viewing and high-acuity tasks with polychromatic images presented on the external display. Sub-arcminute eye position uncertainty was achieved over a 1.5 by 1.5-degree trackable range, enabling precise localization of the line of sight on the stimulus while simultaneously imaging the fine structure of the human central fovea. This high refresh rate display overcomes the temporal, spectral, and field of view limitations of AOSLO-based stimulus presentation, enabling natural monocular viewing of stimuli in psychophysics experiments conducted with AOSLO.
Multipole couplings in dielectric nanodisk arrays and their polarization effects
Authors: Zhu Xiaosheng , Xin Yu , Zhang Chunxu , He Yingjun
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we study the optical properties of a planar array consisting of nanodisks using the coupled multipole model (CMM). As we demonstrate, this model shows its advantages in uncovering the complex inter-particle mutual interaction mechanisms, which are usually obscured by direct numerical simulations. We first propose a method to compute the polarizabilities of the individual non-spherical particles up to the magnetic quadrupole. Then, the multipole moments of the arrayed nanodisks can be readily calculated. Using the results, we were able to trace the dominant contributions from the various couplings between these multipole sources. From such analysis, we reveal the mechanisms of multipole resonance shifts and possible manipulation strategies. These insights rendered by the CMM make it possible to design the array as a polarizer by tuning the lattice periods. We further evaluated the polarizer performance under different working wavelengths and incident angles. As the disk shape is relatively less challenging for fabrication, our model shows great promise in optimizing and designing functional structures for nano-optics applications.
Analytical form of the refocused images from correlation plenoptic imaging
Authors: Massaro Gianlorenzo
Published: August 2024

Correlation plenoptic imaging (CPI) is emerging as a promising approach to light-field imaging (LFI), a technique for concurrently measuring light intensity distribution and propagation direction of light rays from a 3D scene. LFI thus enables single-shot 3D imaging, offering rapid volumetric reconstruction. The optical performance of traditional LFI, however, is limited by a micro-lens array, causing a decline in resolution as 3D capabilities improve. CPI overcomes these limitation by measuring photon number correlations on two photodetectors with spatial resolution, in a lenslet-free design, so that the correlation function can be decoded in post-processing to reconstruct high-resolution images. In this paper, we derive the analytical expression of CPI images reconstructed through refocusing, addressing the previously unknown mathematical relationship between object shape and its final image. We show that refocused images are not limited by numerical aperture-induced blurring, as in conventional imaging. Rather, the image features of CPI can be explained through an analogy with imaging systems illuminated by spatially coherent light.
Holographic interferometric vibration measurement based on photorefractive crystal in diffusion mode
Authors: Gao Jiongye , Zhang Bin , Feng Qibo , Liu Shangwu , Cao Zhongqing
Published: August 2024

A dynamic holographic vibration measurement system based on a photorefractive crystal of BSO in diffuse mode without the need for an external electric field, which allows for simultaneous measurement of in-plane and out-of-plane high-frequency vibrations, is studied theoretically and experimentally in this work. By adjusting the polarization state of the reference beam, the system introduces a necessary additional phase shift of π/2 to achieve highly sensitive and linear demodulation of small phase-to-intensity vibration signals. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results confirm the system's practicality and safety, demonstrating its ability to accurately detect vibrations without the risks associated with high-voltage drift mode operation. Furthermore, some factors that affect measurement sensitivity were analyzed. The results of measuring in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations showcase the system's superior performance in measuring submicron magnitude vibrations at the MHz level.
Direct temporal characterization of sub-3-fs deep UV pulses generated by resonant dispersive wave emission: erratum
Authors: Reduzzi M. , Pini M. , Mai L. , Cappenberg F. , Colaizzi L. , Vismarra F. , Crego A. , Lucchini M. , Brahms C. , Travers J. C. , Borrego Varillas R. , Nisoli M.
Published: August 2024

An erratum is presented to include the correct upper horizontal axis in Fig. 3 in our published manuscript [“Direct temporal characterization of sub-3-fs deep UV pulses generated by resonant dispersive wave emission” Opt. Express 31, 26854 (2023).10.1364/OE.494879
Hybrid fiber/bulk laser source designed for CO2 and wind measurements at 2.05 µm: publisher’s note
Authors: Lahyani Julien , Thiers Mathys , Gibert Fabien , Edouart Dimitri , Le Gouët Julien , Cézard Nicolas
Published: August 2024

This publisher’s note contains a correction to Opt. Lett. 49, 969 (2024)10.1364/OL.510598.
Co/MoS2 nanocomposite for passive Q-switched pulse operation in erbium-doped fiber lasers
Authors: Ahmed Hira , Asghar Mamoon , Hameed Hafsa , Ahmed Rizwan , Khalil Adnan , Iqbal Javeed , Alrebdi Tahani. A. , Asghar Haroon
Published: August 2024

In this study, we examine the effectiveness of cobalt molybdenum disulfide (Co/MoS2) nanocomposite as a saturable-absorber for pulse generation in erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs). A small amount of Co/MoS2 nanocomposite deposited on the fiber facet is implemented into the EDFL cavity to facilitate a Q-switching mechanism. The measured results show that the EDFL, emitted at 1568.13 nm, with a significant reduction in pulse duration from 26 µs to 4.7 µs and an increased repetition rate from 16.49 kHz to 83 kHz, as pump power tuned from 30.8 mW to 304.48 mW. The highest output power of 8.39 mW is further achieved, including a peak power of 17.59 mW and a maximum pulse energy of 109.93 nJ. A maximum single-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 52 dB is revealed at a pump of 249.48 mW. We further provide a comprehensive analysis of the EDFL's stability for a maximum of 6 hrs. Additionally, the Q-switched pulse operation was studied using a theoretical model subject to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NSE), and a reasonable agreement was found with experimental findings. This study highlights the feasibility of employing nanocomposite-based saturable absorbers in producing high-quality laser pulses, demonstrating its considerable promise for various pulsed laser applications.