bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NUCLEAR SIZE CLASSES IN THE FOLLICULAR EPITHELIUM OF LYMPHOID THYROIDITIS
Authors: Nilsson Göran
Published: August 2010

Nuclear size classes of the type originally described by Jacobj were studied in the follicular epithelium of biopsy smears from lymphoid thyroiditis. Thus, a great number of large nuclei in size classes distinct from the bulk of fairly identically sized nuclei could be clearly distinguished. By cytophotometric measurement of Feulgen‐DNA, these large nuclei were found to correspond closely to nuclei in separate DNA‐content‐classes and they were therefore called HDC‐nuclei (High DNA‐quantity Class nuclei). Such nuclei proved to be more common in lymphoid thyroiditis than in normal thyroids and non‐toxic goitres without lymphoid thyroiditis. Among lymphoid goitres, the percentage of HDC‐nuclei was positively correlated with the age of the patients. In the present paper, the relationship between Askanazy cells and HDC‐nuclei is also discussed.
CORRELATION OF ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL AND STRUCTURAL SEGMENTATION IN THE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE OF THE RAT KIDNEY.
Authors: Norgaard Tove
Published: August 2010

In the normal rat kidney enzyme histochemical activity was correlated with the structural segmentation of the convoluted part of the proximal tubule, as seen in freeze‐dried sections. Serial sections were employed for alternate morphological and enzyme histochemical studies. The tubules were investigated for activity of the following enzymes: 1) non‐specific acid phosphatases, 2) non‐specific alkaline phosphatases, 3) succinate dehydrogenase and 4) non‐specific esterases. Close to the urinary pole acid phosphatase activity was slight in all instances, whilst in the first and second segment a gradual increase in tubular cells with heavy enzyme activity was seen. All tubular cells at the urinary pole showed heavy alkaline phosphatase activity, but there was a gradual increase of cells showing slight enzyme activity in the first and second segments. Succinate dehydrogenase activity was constantly heavy at the urinary pole, and there was a gradual decrease in these cells with heavy enzyme activity along the course of the first and second segments. The pattern of tubular enzyme activity for these three enzymes was independent of the nephron level in the renal cortex. The non‐specific esterase activity was, in comparison, uniform throughout the length of the proximal tubule in nephrons from all levels of the renal cortex. This combined enzyme histochemical and morphological investigation demonstrates conclusively that there is a close correlation between structural segmentation and the pattern of enzyme activity of non‐specific acid and alkaline phosphatases and succinate dehydrogenase in the proximal convoluted tubule of normal rat kidney.
ATYPICAL FIBROXANTHOMA OF THE SKIN.
Authors: Dahl Ingvar
Published: August 2010

A retrospective study of 57 patients with atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin is presented. The light microscopy is described and the differential diagnosis is discussed. Most of the atypical fibroxanthomas (32 out of 57 cases) were originally diagnosed as soft tissue sarcomas, e.g. fibrosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, myosarcoma and unspecified sarcoma. The tumour occurred chiefly in middle‐aged and elderly patients; three patients were 15 years old or younger. The median age was 73 years in patients in whom the tumour occurred in the head and neck, and 34 years in patients in whom the tumour developed on the extremities and trunk. The sex ratio (male to female) was almost equal. Follow‐up information about 43 patients was available. The follow‐up period ranged from 1 year to 25 years with a median of 9 years. Eight patients died from intercurrent disease; all the other 35 patients are alive and well. The clinical course was benign in all but one patient in whom a recurrence developed and metastases to the regional lymph nodes appeared 7 years after the initial excision. The tumour in this case did not differ histologically from the other atypical fibroxanthomas with respect to cellularity, cellular and nuclear atypia or mitotic activity. It is suggested that the recurrence per se might be of prognostic importance.
EXPERIMENTAL AVIAN NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Krogh P. , Elling F. , Hald B. , Jylling B. , Petersen V. E. , Skadhauge E. , Svendsen C. K.
Published: August 2010

One‐day‐old chickens were fed ochratoxin A‐contaminated diets at 2 levels: 0.3 and 1 mg ochratoxin A per kg feed, for 341 days. The only observable lesion to develop was a kidney damage comparable with the naturally occurring avian nephropathy. The changes in renal function were characterized by impairment of glomerular and tubular function, indicated by a decreased inulin clearance, TmPAH and decreased urine concentrating capacity. The changes of renal structure included degeneration of the tubular epithelium accompanied by regeneration. At slaughter, the kidneys, liver and muscular tissue of the birds contained residues of ochratoxin A (up to 50 μg per kg). As all the birds would have passed the meat inspection because no macroscopical lesions were present, this represents a possible health problem.
THE MYOCARDIAL CAPILLARY VASCULATURE IN EXERCISING ANIMALS WITH INCREASED CARDIAC PRESSURE LOAD
Authors: Ljungqvist Arne , Unge Gunnar , Carlsson Sture
Published: August 2010

The myocardial capillary reaction was studied in normal rats subjected to swimming exercise and in rats in which aortic stenosis had been produced at various time intervals before the swimming exercise was commenced. The data obtained indicated that neoformation of myocardial capillaries during swimming exercise occurred only in rats without aortic stenosis. It is concluded that a heart subjected to an increased pressure load is less able to respond to a superimposed volume load by an increase in its capillary supply than is a normal heart.
LIVER BIOPSIES FROM PSORIATICS RELATED TO METHOTREXATE THERAPY.
Authors: Nyfors A. , Poulsen H.
Published: August 2010

A prospective study was started in 1969 to describe morphological features of liver biopsies from patients with severe psoriasis. Among 123 patients evaluated for possible MTX therapy, liver biopsies disclosed pathological histology (mainly fatty change and/or non‐specific reactive hepatitis) in 51 per cent. The incidence of pathological liver histology did not statistically correlate with psoriasis parameters such as duration and extent. However, statistically significant correlations (p<0.0001) were found between the frequency of pathological liver histology and other factors such as age, obesity, and daily alcoholic intake. Comparison of liver histology with SGOT value at the time of liver biopsy showed that while the diagnostic specifity of this test was high (1.00), the diagnostic sensitivity was low (0.17)). Normal values of SGOT should not be relied upon to indicate all types of liver pathology. A “risk index” indicating the probability of pathological liver histology was developed. It is calculated as follows: two times the height (cm) minus weight (kg) minus age (years) minus 50 (in case of daily alcoholic intake) minus 50 (in case of elevated SGOT). To elucidate liver histology and particularly to rule out fibrosis and cirrhosis, a liver biopsy should be performed in every psoriatic patient with a low score in the risk index prior to beginning MTX therapy.
BILE CANALICULAR ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND DISEASE
Authors: Hägerstrand Inga
Published: August 2010

The alkaline phosphatase reaction is normally absent in human bile canaliculi, but was found in 79 patients. In search for a common causal factor, these patients were further examined. Thirty‐seven were autopsied. The conditions most commonly associated with the phenomenon were malignant tumours with or without involvement of the liver, collagen diseases, longstanding partial obstruction of the common bile duct, and genetic variants of alpha‐1‐antitrypsin. No clinical or laboratory facts were common to all the patients.
VAST AND APPARENTLY PARADOXICAL CONTINUOUS RISE IN PLASMA RENIN AFTER REMOVAL OF GENTLY MANIPULATED SUBMAXILLARY GLANDS IN NEPHRECTOMIZED MICE
Authors: Bing Jens , Poulsen Knud
Published: August 2010

Gentle manipulation of the submaxillary glands of previously nephrectomized mice results in a vast increase in plasma renin concentration. The concentration reaches 1 to 7 G.U. renin/ml, which is 1,000‐fold higher than normal plasma concentrations. The rise is much less pronounced if the glands are removed after the manipulation, confirming the site of the release. However, an apparent paradox is seen: the renin concentration continues to rise even after removal of submaxillary glands as well as kidneys, indicating that a bound form of renin is also released. The bound renin can be in the form of exocytosed granules or (and) in the form of “prorenin”, the renin of which is activated with time. In spite of the very high renin concentrations the blood pressure is normal or only moderately increased. This disproportion between plasma renin and blood pressure can be caused by a simultaneous release of submaxillary kallikrein and renin, which have counteracting effects on the blood pressure.
LIGHT MICROSCOPIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE SHORT‐TERM EFFECTS OF ETHYLENE‐1‐HYDROXY‐1, 1‐DIPHOSPHONATE (EHDP) ON RAT TIBIA EPIPHYSIS
Authors: Larsson Åke , Larsson Sven‐Erik
Published: August 2010

Ethylene‐1‐hydroxy‐1, 1‐diphosphonate (EHDP) was administered intraperitoneally to one‐day old rats at a concentration of 30 and 40 mg/kg body weight/injection. Two groups of animals received four doses, respectively, over a 44‐hour‐period and a third group received two high doses with a 15‐hour interval, the total amounts corresponding to 30, 40 and 20 mg/P/kg body weight. Animals in the first two experimental groups showed increased width of the hypertrophic zone as compared with normal controls and lack of calcified septa within the zone of provisional calcification. In the calcification zone, persistent atypical chondrocytes were present and in the septa a large number of matrix vesicles which hardly ever contained any crystals. The ground substance of these septa contained fine precipitates, probably representing proteoglycan complexes which were not seen normally in this zone. In the third group, the septa of the calcification zone were calcified and the hypertrophic zone was not clearly widened. In the metaphysis, remnants of cartilage or osteoid were observed as “islands” covered with osteoblast‐like cells which showed signs both of collagen and apatite formation, the latter evidenced by the appearance of crystals within the matrix vesicles. It is suggested that the complex effects observed in calcifying cartilage after administration of high doses of EHDP in vivo are not restricted solely to the stage of crystal formation.
ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF RABBIT BILE DUCTS WITH AND WITHOUT BILE FLOW
Authors: Simert G. , Hammar E. , Hansson J. A. , Hägerstrand I. , Vang J.
Published: August 2010

The histochemical enzyme pattern in normal, extra‐hepatic bile ducts from rabbits was studied. A difference between the duct epithelium and the crypt epithelium was noted mainly in the activity of gamma‐glutamyl‐transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase which only stained positively in the crypts. No difference from the normal enzyme pattern was noted after diversion of the bile flow for up to 30 days.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF LYMPHOBLASTOID LINES DERIVED FROM HUMAN ASTROCYTOMATA
Authors: Macintyre Elizabeth H. , Lindgren Anders , Pontén Jan
Published: August 2010

Two immunoglobulin‐producing lines of normal lymphoblastoid cells have been established from cultures of two human astrocytomata. These had the same characteristics as lymphoblastoid lines derived from normal human lymphoid tissue or peripheral blood. It is concluded that the lymphoblastoid lines are derivates of non‐neoplastic lymphoid cells (perhaps of the B series), which were present as an infiltrate within the astrocytomata. Furthermore, the slow emergence of the lymphoblastoid cells in culture, their continuing requirement for feeder cells and their production of monoclonal rather that heteroclonal immunoglobulin are attributed to an artefact of growth conditions.
FOETAL RHABDOMYOMA:
Authors: Dahl I. , Angervall L. , Säve‐Söderbergh J.
Published: August 2010

A case report of a girl with two foetal rhabdomyomas is presented. One tumour was a small cutaneous lesion present at birth in the left thigh and the other was located in the chest wall deeply in the subcutaneous tissue and attached to the adjacent intercostal muscle. The patient also had the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome which lends credence to the opinion that foetal rhabdomyoma is a malformation rather than a true neoplasm.
THYMOMA IN A CASE OF SCLERODERMA
Authors: Sundström C.
Published: August 2010

A case of scleroderma with manifestations in the oesophagus and both lungs and a concomitant thymic lympho‐epithelioma is presented. This case represents a further documentation of the well‐established association between thymoma and collagen disorders.
A STUDY OF RUSSELL BODIES IN HUMAN MONOCLONAL PLASMA CELLS BY MEANS OF IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Blom Jens , Mansa Bendt , Wiik Allan
Published: August 2010

Five patients with a serum M component were shown to possess plasma cells containing Russell bodies. Four of the patients suffered from multiple myeloma, whereas the fifth probably had a different disease or was in a premyeloma stage. The Russell bodies stained blue with the May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa stain and were found both in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of the plasma cells. Ultrastructural studies showed that the Russell bodies were osmophilic and those located in the cytoplasm were always situated within the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The intranuclear Russell bodies were always surrounded by a triple layered membrane, and some evidence was obtained that these bodies were first formed within the perinuclear space of the cells. Immunofluorescence studies using anti‐L chain conjugates showed a positive marginate staining of the intranuclear as well as the cytoplasmic Russell bodies of the cells from all patients. Only one patient had cells with Russell bodies which also stained positive with an anti‐H chain conjugate. All Russell bodies were PAS negative, irrespective of their location in the plasma cells. It is concluded that some plasma cells in multiple myeloma may produce an excessive amount of L chains which, in combination with a failure in the secretion of immunoglobulin molecules, may lead to the formation of Russell bodies.
PROLONGED SURVIVAL OF AKR MICE TREATED WITH THE SAPONIN ADJUVANT QUIL A
Authors: Ebbesen P. , Dalsgaard K. , Høier‐Madsen M.
Published: August 2010

Treatment of AKR mice with the saponin Quil A delayed their death in spontaneous leukaemia. In vitro tests did not demonstrate any influence on infection of rat cells with Kirsten sarcoma virus. Quil A in the concentration nanogram/ml doubled the mitogen response of AKR spleen cells to lipopolysaccharide.
EXPERIMENTAL PORCINE NEPHROPATHY: CHANGES OF RENAL FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE PERORALLY INDUCED BY CRYSTALLINE OCHRATOXIN A
Authors: Krogh P. , Elling F. , Gyrd‐Hansen N. , Hald B. , Larsen A. E. , Liliehøj E. B. , Madsen A. , Mortensen H. P. , Ravnskov U.
Published: August 2010

Nine pigs were fed crystalline ochratoxin A in amounts corresponding to a feed level of 1 mg per kg for 3 months. The only observable lesion developed was a kidney damage, identical to the naturally occurring porcine nephropathy. The changes of renal function was characterized by impairment of proximal tubular function, indicated by a decrease of the ratio TmPAH/CIn, of the ability to concentrate urine, and by an increased urinary excretion of glucose. The decrease of the ratio TmPAH/CIn is correlated with time of exposure to ochratoxin A. The changes of renal structure were characterized by degeneration of the proximal tubules, leading to tubular atrophy accompanied by interstitial fibrosis. At the end of the experiment the kidney, liver, adipose and muscular tissue of the slaughtered pigs contained sizable amounts of ochratoxin A residues. As the pigs would have passed the meat inspection this represents a possible health problem. The changes observed in this study are identical to those observed by feeding to pigs grains naturally contaminated with ochratoxin A.
ROUTINE PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING GOBLET CELL DENSITY IN THE MUCOSA OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
Authors: Mogensen Chr. , Tos M.
Published: August 2010

In two normal nasal septa, fine‐dissected and stained by PAS‐alcian blue whole‐mount methods, counts of goblet cells were done in eight different localities in 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 fields measuring 0.01768 mm2. The median density and range of goblet cells by each mode of counting were compared and the mean deviation determined. Even as little as 2–5 blindly placed counts, which do not take much time, afford in a 4 mm2 area a fairly reliable orientation regarding density, considerably more reliable than an estimate of the density in sections, so often reported in the literature. Determination of the goblet cell density can be included as a routine method in the histopathological diagnosis of mucosal diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract.
SELECTIVE LOSS OF BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS DURING WOUND HEALING
Authors: Dabelsteen Erik , Mackenzie Ian
Published: August 2010

Frozen sections of healing wounds of the oral mucosa of 3 rhesus monkeys were examined by a double layer immunofluorescent technic for the presence of blood group B‐like antigens. Antigen activity was present in normal epithelium and in the epithelial outgrowth into the wounds but was absent from the outgrowth following treatment with lipid solvents. This finding suggests that glycoprotein but not glycolipid associated antigen is lost from the surface of epithelial cells during wound healing, a pattern of selective loss which may reflect a difference between regenerative and neoplastic lesions.
FIBRINOID NECROSIS OF THE EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE SKIN
Authors: Sümegi I.
Published: August 2010

It has been shown in previous studies that fibrinoid necrosis not only occurs in connective tissue and in vessel walls, but can also be observed in the liver cells under special conditions and can also be provoked experimentally. It was observed in the present study that certain dermatoses (cases of the herpes group, erythema multiforme, drug eruptions, Lyell's toxic epidermal necrolysis, pityriasis lichenoides acuta, and skin affected by UV‐rays) were associated with “eosinophilic necrosis” in the epithelial cells which morphologically corresponded to the fibrinoid necrosis of the connective tissue and of the liver cells described previously. Besides toxic, infectious and septic conditions, circulatory disturbances (hypoxia, anoxia) appear to have a special significance. Observations by way of the light and fluorescence microscope revealed the characteristics of keratin variants and precursors in some necrobiotic cells which influence the peculiar properties of fibrinoid necrosis of the skin epithelia. The role of the mixed paraproteins is emphasized and reference is made to the role of a mixed paraprotein (“keratofibrinoid”) which is formed in the course of the regressive process and to which the morphological changes may be attributed.
MYXOFIBROSARCOMA
Authors: Angervall Lennart , Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar , Merck Christer
Published: August 2010

A series of 30 myxofibrosarcomas is described. These malignant soft tissue tumours are characterized by a mucoid and nodular appearance, a coarse plexiform capillary pattern, and they are mostly seen subcutaneously (26 out of 30) in the extremities (24 out of 30) and trunk (4 out of 30) of elderly people. Histochemical studies, comprising staining with Alcian blue and toluidine blue at different pH's with and without preceding digestion with testicular hyaluronidase and with the Scott technique, indicated the presence of hyaluronic acid but not sulphated glycosaminoglycans as chondroitinsulphates. Myxofibrosarcoma is believed to belong to the general category of fibroblastic and histiocytic malignant soft tissue tumours. The median diameter of the tumours was 7 cm. They were divided into 4 grades according to cellularity, cell atypia and mitotic activity. The grade III and IV tumours showed pronounced atypia, often with bi‐ and multinucleated giant tumour cells and occasionally with giant cells of Touton's type, suggesting a relationship to malignant fibroxanthoma. All of the patients were treated surgically and one received also pre‐ and post‐operative irradiation. None of the 2 grade I myxofibrosarcomas recurred, while 2 out of 7 grade II tumours, 6 out of 10 grade III tumours, and 7 out of 11 grade IV tumours recurred once and up to 9 times. Metastasis appeared in 7 out of 30 patients; grade I tumours were not seen in any of these cases. By the time of follow‐up after intervals ranging from 1 month up to 27 years, 14 patients had died; 6 of these had died post‐operatively or of intercurrent disease. The differential diagnosis between myxofibrosarcoma and other myxoid soft tissue tumours is discussed.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF THREE WIDELY USED GLUTARALDEHYDE FIXATIVES ON CELLULAR VOLUME AND STRUCTURE
Authors: Collins V. P. , Arborgh B. , Brunk U.
Published: August 2010

The effects of three widely used glutaraldehyde‐based fixatives on cellular volume and structure have been studied utilizing TEM, SEM, time‐lapse micrography during the fixation procedure, volumetry and demonstration of the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase. The cells used were in vitro cultivated human glia and glioma cells and suspensions of isolated rat liver parenchymal cells. The fixatives compared were the following: 2 per cent glutaraldehyde (GA) in 0.1 M Na‐cacodylate‐HCL buffer (cac) with 0.1 M sucrose (pH 7.2); total osmolality (T) 510 mOsmol; vehicle osmolality (V) 300 mOsmol, 2 per cent GA in 0.1 M cac (pH 7.2; T = 410 mOsmol; V = 200 mOsmol) and 1.5 per cent GA in 0.067 M cac with 0.033 M sucrose (pH 7.2; T = 320 mOsmol; V = 170 mOsmol). It was found that the fixative with a vehicle osmolality of 300 mOsmol gave results which were interpreted as ideal while the two fixatives with hypotonic vehicles resulted in changes which were easily demonstrated using volumetry, time‐lapse micrography, SEM and cytochemistry. However, the differences observed in the TEM were less obvious and difficult to interpret, the major alterations being changes in the configuration of the ER in the liver cells. In conclusion, our findings show that even small variations in the composition of a glutaraldehyde fixative can result in structural changes which do not correspond to the functional morphology of a living cell. Such changes make correct interpretation of micrographs difficult.
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE CONDUCTION SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIOVENTRICULAR OR INTRAVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION DISTURBANCES
Authors: Voigt J. , Steinmetz E.
Published: August 2010

In 9 lethal cases where clinical signs gave rise to the suspicion of acute myocardial infarct (AMI) where well‐characterized e.c.g.‐changes, permanent or intermittent, were found by monitoring, a very careful autopsy of the heart was carried out, combined with a meticulous histological investigation of the conduction system. Acute changes of mild degree in the conduction system were found only in one case, possibly explaining the left bundle branch block found in this case. In the remaining cases, nothing but chronic changes were found and they did not exceed significantly the changes otherwise to be found in the agegroups concerned in a “control series” of violent deaths not preceded by symptoms of heart disease. According to an estimate there was good correlation between the conduction disturbances demonstrated and the localization of histopathological changes in seven of nine patients; in one of the latter correlation was relatively good; correlation was dubious only in one case. On this basis the authors conclude that present changes in the conduction system which are assumed mainly to be age‐related, are the factors to determine the type of conduction disturbances from which the patient will suffer if acute heart ischaemia sets in, for instance due to an AMI, in fact, changes by which he will be predisposed to such disturbances.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE PARATHYROIDS OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS INDUCED EXPERIMENTALLY IN VITRO Effects of Variations in Ca2+ and Mg2+Concentrations
Authors: Boquist Lennart
Published: August 2010

Isolated parathyroid glands from normal adult Mongolian gerbils were incubated for 15 minutes to 3 1/2 hours either at high or low concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ after which they were studied ultrastructurally, using the pyroantimonate technique and x‐ray analysis for identification and structural localization of cations. Glands maintained at high cation concentrations were mainly composed of suppressed chief cells with moderate or high cytoplasmic density, sparsely developed endoplasmic reticulum, often large Golgi complex, occasional cytoplasmic accumulations of secretory granules, lipoid bodies, glycogen‐like particles, and numerous often large mitochondria. Ca2+‐containing precipitates were found mainly in mitochondria. Autophagic vacuoles contained Ca2+‐loaded degenerating mitochondria. Glands exposed to low concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were mainly composed of stimulated and active chief cells; characteristic features were a moderate or low cytoplasmic density, prominent endoplasmic reticulum, small Golgi complex, medium‐sized or small mitochondria, and smooth electron lucent vacuoles with or without an association to mitochondria. Ca2+‐containing precipitates were found mainly in smooth vacuoles and cytosol, but also in mitochondria and rough vacuoles. Myelin‐like figures and crystalloid bodies occurred in some mitochondria, and normal or degenerating mitochondria without Ca2+‐loading were seen in autophagic vacuoles. In addition, some stimulated chief cells exhibited double membrane‐limited sequestered areas of cytoplasm with a rich content of free ribosomes and glycogen‐like particles. The chief cell mitochondria seem to possess capacity for rapid accumulation of Ca2+, associated with an increase in volume at functional suppression. At stimulation of parathyroid function the endoplasmic reticulum is prominent in the active cells, and there seems to be a decrease in the volume and Ca2+‐content of the mitochondria occasionally associated with degenerative changes, and a decrease also in the number of free ribosomes and glycogen‐like particles in the stimulated cells.
THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS IN EARLY ALLOXAN DIABETES
Authors: Boquist Lennart
Published: August 2010

Starved animals were sensitive to alloxan, whereas a more or less inhibitory effect towards alloxan was observed in fed animals, and in starved animals pretreated with glucose, mannose or fructose, but not in those pretreated with galactose. The islets of starved controls possessed larger B‐cell mitochondria than those of fed ones. The earliest B‐cell changes in the alloxantreated animals were localized to the mitochondria which showed swelling, and disruption of inner an occasionally outer membranes. Later, many mitochondria were disintegrated, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex disorganized. The secretory granules were preserved, although sometimes with atypical configuration, in degenerating but non‐necrotic B‐cells, suggesting that insulin stored in granules is not released until the cells are necrotic. Finally, frank necrosis was seen in some B‐cells, whereas others were unaffected. The Ca2+‐precipitation studied by pyroantimonate technique and x‐ray analysis differed in the B‐cells of the alloxan‐treated animals from that in the controls; the former animals exhibited no or only sparse precipitation in mitochondria and secretory granules, but a rich precipitation in the cytoplasmic ground substance, whereas the precipitation in the controls mainly was localized to mitochondria and secretory granules. The primary site of alloxan action in the B‐cells is believed to be localized to the mitochondria.
THE DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF INTESTINAL METAPLASIA IN ENDOSCOPIC GASTRIC BIOPSIES
Authors: Johansen Aage , Sikjär Bente
Published: August 2010

The incidences of intestinal metaplasia in two groups of benign endoscopic biopsies taken from stomachs with malignant and benign lesions respectively were compared. 315 single biopsies were taken from stomachs with proven carcinoma, but outside the carcinomatous area. They were compared to 786 single biopsies taken from stomachs with proven benign lesions. Each single biopsy was placed in one of three groups: intestinal metaplasia absent, or making up less or more than 50 per cent of the epithelium in the biopsy. The results showed that single biopsies with intestinal metaplasia regardless of the extension of the metaplasia in the biopsy were found more often in stomachs with carcinoma than in stomachs with benign lesions but without any significant difference. If more than half of the benign biopsies taken during an examination demonstrated extensive grades of intestinal metaplasia a slightly significant difference in favour of carcinomas was found.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF FROG HEART LESIONS AFTER ISOPROTERENOL
Authors: Carlsten A. , Ekholm R. , Ericson L. E. , Poupa O.
Published: August 2010

The purpose of the present study was to explore the possible correlation between the ultrastructural changes and the functional changes induced by isoproterenol (IPR) in the myocardium of the frog. The study was performed on winter frogs (R. pipiens). The experimental animals were moved from + 8° C to + 25° C, kept there for 3 days and then given 2 daily doses of IPR (200 mg/kg b.w.). Twenty‐four hours after the second IPR dose, specimens were taken from the heart ventricle and subjected to electron microscopical examination and to analysis of the isometric force decay in response to anoxia produced by sodium cyanide. Specimens were taken from macroscopically non‐damaged portions of the ventricle as well as from aneurysms. Control animals were kept at +8° C and +25° C and injected with saline. In all IPR‐injected animals the specimens from macroscopically non‐damaged parts of the myocardium showed ultrastructural changes characterized by a relative increase in mitochondrial mass and a pronounced reduction of glycogen. Specimens from aneurysms showed similar changes but in some fibres signs of more severe injury were observed such as fragmentation of the cristae of the mitochondria and disintegration of myofibrils. The functional analyses showed that the isometric force decay of the heart muscle strips induced by the respiratory block by cyanide was much greater in specimens from IPR‐treated animals than in those from control frogs. The augmented force decay was found both in strips from macroscopically normal parts of the myocardium and in those from aneurysms although it was somewhat greater and more rapid in the latter. The observed, minor functional difference between macroscopically non‐damaged portions of the myocardium and aneurysms is remarkable with respect to the different preservation of myofilaments in these regions. This similarity in functional decline could possibly be due to the observed homogeneous reduction of glycogen in the IPR‐exposed myocardium since glycogen was the only source of ATP under the experimental conditions of current interest.
EFFECT OF HUMAN LEUCOCYTE INTERFERON ON DNA SYNTHESIS IN HUHAN PSORIATIC SKIN CULTURED IN DIFFUSION CHAMBERS
Authors: Kariniemi Arja‐Leena
Published: August 2010

Pieces of human psoriatic skin were cultured for five days in diffusion chambers implanted intraperitoneally in mice. Partially purified human leucocyte interferon was injected into the experimental animals daily during the culture period. Phosphate buffered saline and, in one experiment, also mock interferon were used as control materials. On the fifth day, incorporation of 3H‐thymidine into the epidermal cells was studied autoradiographically. The results showed that human leucocyte interferon does not depress DNA synthesis in human psoriatic epidermal cells cultured by this method. In fact, DNA synthesis seemed to be stimulated in two of the three experiments but the effect was not statistically significant.
ON THE EFFECT OF VINBLASTINE ON AMELOBLASTS OF RAT INCISORS
Authors: Moe H. , Mikkelsen Hanne
Published: August 2010

The effects of vinblastine sulphate at a dosage of 0.2 mg per 100 g body weight on the secretory ameloblasts of rat incisors were studied 3, 6 and 24 hours and 3 and 7 days after administration of the drug. The vinblastine affected the secretion profoundly, caused a reduction in size of the cells and death of many ameloblasts. Most of the surviving ameloblasts restored initially‐induced loss of polarity. Many also resumed secretion and deposition of enamel matrix. The Tomes' processess were extremely sensitive to vinblastine and all matrix deposited after administration of the drug appeared abnormal in structure. Ameloblasts not resuming secretory activity were less than half the size (height) of normal cells. In some areas all the ameloblasts were destroyed with the exception of a varying number of surviving ameloblast parts consisting only of a nucleus and a small amount of cytoplasm. The ameloblasts which had re‐established secretory activity, and most of the ameloblasts which had not, retained their ability to transform into transporting ameloblasts. Large amounts of ameloblast debris present 3 and 6 hours after administration of the vinblastine were effectively engulfed and digested by the cells of the stratum intermedium within 24 hours.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE RENAL CORPUSCLES
Authors: Sørensen F. Hanberg
Published: August 2010

A quantitative study including total and differential counts of nuclei and determination of mesangial and total glomerular area was carried out on kidney tissue from 21 persons without renal disease, in order to determine the normal values of glomerular parameters and to estimate the possible influence of age and physiological degrees of arteriolosclerosis. No age dependency was found to exist for the glomerular parameters within the age category of 17 to 45 years. Above the age of forty ‐five a rise in mesangial area per cent of total area and mesangial nuclei per cent of total nuclei was found on increasing age, while a decline on increasing age was demontsrated for epithelial nuclei per cent of total nuclei. The mean value of mesangial nuclei per 1000 mμ2 of mesangial area was found to be significantly higher in the older age category than in the younger. Arteriolosclerosis did not appear to influence the parameters. The study also attempted to describe the three variance components: interrenal, interfocal and interglomerular variation. Interfocal variation was the smallest part of the total variation, and interrenal plus interfocal variation was at most of the same size os interglomerular variation.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE RENAL CORPUSCLES IN ACUTE RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION
Authors: Sørensen F. Hanberg
Published: August 2010

A quantitative examination including total and differential counts of nuclei and determination of total glomerular and mesangial areas was carried out in a consecutive series of biopsies from 14 patients with acute renal allograft rejection. The biopsies included in the study were taken within 4–30 days after transplantation because of suspected acute rejection, and histological examination revealed interstitial and vascular signs of rejection without the presence of cortical infarcts. Mesangial area per cent of total area was found to be significantly higher in allografts than in control kidneys, just as a statistically significant increase in the number of mesangial nuclei was demonstrated. Three of the 14 allografts had to be removed 7, 22 and 25 days after the biopsy because of irreversible rejection. The quantitative changes in these 3 biopsies were more pronounced than those in the remaining biopsies. It is suggested that quantitative glomerular studies might yield data of significance for prediction of the ultimate fate of the graft.
GLUTARALDEHYDE FIXATION FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF NEEDLE BIOPSIES FROM HUMAN LIVERS
Authors: Petersen Palle
Published: August 2010

A study including light‐ and electron microscopy of needle biopsies from normal and fatty human livers fixed by immersion into glutaraldehyde is presented. Four zones which can be detected by light microscopy of toluidine blue stained sections are found: zone 1, the outer one is presumably mechanically damaged. Zone 2 is usually considered to be the most well‐preserved region, whereas zones 3 and 4 present increasing swelling of mitochondria, a progressive condensation of microbodies and an increasingly pronounced vesiculation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The alterations observed in zone 3 and 4 are of types which might simulate pathological changes. An increasing irregularity of the outline of the nuclei and a greater accumulation of chromatin along the nuclear membrane is also observed in these two zones. The perimembraneous cytoplasmic ground substance appears to be more dense and the intercellular spaces to be less distinct in the deeper zones in which the path of diffusion of the fixative is long. As regards the penetration into the tissue of glutaraldehyde, normal and steatotic livers were not found to differ. Fixation at 0°C was found to be less effective than fixation at 22°C.
ALCOHOLIC HYALIN, MICROFILAMENTS AND MICROTUBULES IN ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
Authors: Petersen Palle
Published: August 2010

The alcoholic hyalin which is composed of light and dark occasionally swollen and conglomerating filaments, is found to be surrounded by proliferated RER, hypertrophied Golgi apparatus and mitochondria containing enlarged matrical granules. Besides, microfilaments and some microtubules are seen in relation to the hyaline bodies. In biopsies where hyaline bodies are scarce, hepatocytes without alcoholic hyalin present similar changes and the Golgi apparatus is seen to contain very low density lipoprotein‐like particles. These ultrastructural changes are suggested to be related to an early stage in the development of alcoholic hyalin. The abundance of microfilaments indicates an increased motility of the hepatocytes, possibly as a part of the regenerative processes. It can hardly be precluded that microfilaments disintegrate and accumulate in the alcoholic hyaline mass.
PRIMARY MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF THE OESOPHAGUS
Authors: Månsson Tryggve , Berge Thorbjörn
Published: August 2010

A case of a primary malignant melanoma of the oesophagus is described and the criteria for diagnosis are discussed.
PERIPHERAL IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE OF HEPATOCYTES
Authors: Diederichsen Hans , Riisom Kirsten , Andersen Inger
Published: August 2010

By means of indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, a peripheral fluorescence reaction with hepatocytes was found, surrounding the entire cell, with sera from patients with cancer and acute hepatitis and from normal blood donors. It was proved that this reaction was not related to bile canaliculi, contrary to bile canaliculi antibody demonstrated previously from patients with cronic active liver disease. By using fluorescein‐conjugated anti‐human IgG, the reaction with the periphery of the hepatocytes was produced to a more or less pronounced degree with almost all sera studied. The reaction seems not to be directed against contractile proteins on the liver cell membrane as only a minor part of these sera had also IgG smooth‐muscle antibody, and anti actomyosin antibody obtained by affinity chromatografy did not react with the hepatocyte. When applying fluorescein‐conjugated anti‐human IgM the reaction with the periphery of the hepatocytes was observed in one fourth of the patients with acute hepatitis and only sera which contained also IgM smooth‐muscle antibody.
ABNORMAL MITOCHONDRIA IN HEPATOCYTES IN HUMAN FATTY LIVER
Authors: Petersen Palle
Published: August 2010

Liver biopsies from fatty livers in thirty patients whose daily alcohol consumption was excessive, or they were in a diabetic state or overweight, and liver biopsies from seven control patients not presenting the above disorders, were studied by light microscopy 0.75 μm EPON embedded, toluidine blue stained sections, and electron microscopy. Abnormal mitochondria were rarely found in normal liver tissue and, if present, they were found only in periportal hepatocytes. The frequency of hepatocytes containing abnormal mitochondria was significantly higher in fatty liver than in normal liver (p < 0.01). These cells were usually localized periportally, practically never in the centre of the lobule (p < 0.01). The occurrence of abnormal mitochondria was not correlated with the degree of steatosis, and the increase in number of abnormal mitochondria was equally high in alcoholists, diabetics, and overweight subjects. The ultrastructural appearance and the periportal localization suggest a hyperfunction of the mitochondria, which may prevent a development of steatosis in these areas.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PERIPORTAL AND CENTRILOBULAR HEPATOCYTES IN HUMAN FATTY LIVER OF VARIOUS AETIOLOGY
Authors: Petersen Palle
Published: August 2010

The ultrastructure of periportal and centrilobular hepatocytes of fatty liver from 2 alcoholic patients, 2 diabetic patients and 2 obese patients is described and compared with that of hepatocytes in 2 patients with normal liver. A striking difference between periportal and centrilobular hepatocytes in all cases of fatty liver is demonstrated. The periportal hepatocytes contain abnormal mitochondria, while centrilobular hepatocytes have normal mitochondria, but fatty vacuoles, peroxisomes and lysosomes are more abundant. The nature and degree of ultrastructural changes showed no correlation with aetiology of the fatty liver. The normal livers showed no such changes or distinct differences between periportal and centrilobular hepatocytes.
THE PROSTATIC LOBES AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN NON‐DIABETIC AND ALLOXAN‐DIABETIC CASTRATED ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS INJECTED WITH CORTISONE
Authors: Tisell Lars‐Eric , Angervall Lennart
Published: August 2010

The growth of the prostatic lobes and the seminal vesicles was studied morphologically in alloxan‐diabetic and non‐diabetic castrated adrenalectomized rats. In non‐diabetic but not in alloxan‐diabetic rats cortisone in daily doses of 3 or 6 mg induced growth and secretory activity in the epithelium of the dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles. Insulin administration to alloxan‐diabetic rats could restore the effect of cortisone on these glands. This indicates that insulin deficiency per se was the main reason for the failure of cortisone to induce secretory activity of the prostatic lobes and the seminal vesicles of alloxan‐diabetic rats.
PSEUDOSARCOMATOUS PROLIFERATIVE LESIONS OF SOFT TISSUE WITH OR WITHOUT BONE FORMATION
Authors: Dahl Ingvar , Angervall Lennart
Published: August 2010

The clinical observations, the structural appearance and the light microscopy of 18 cases of pseudosarcomatous proliferative lesions of soft tissue are described. The study indicates that a close relationship exists between nodular fasciitis, proliferative fasciitis and proliferative myositis. The descriptive term “pseudosarcomatous proliferative lesion of soft tissue” is proposed for these lesions and mixed forms with or without bone formation. Seven patients were females and 11 were males; the ages ranged between 37 years and 81 years, with a median of 58.5 years. Seven lesions were situated entirely or almost entirely within the subcutaneous tissue, and 11 lesions within striated muscle, with a predilection for muscles of the trunk and proximal regions of the extremities. The predominant proliferating cells were large cells, resembling ganglion cells. The histochemical study of the myxoid matrix indicated the presence of chondroitin 4‐ and/or 6‐ sulfates. The gross and the light microscopic appearances of the lesions were compatible with the diagnosis of proliferative fasciitis in 6 cases, and proliferative myositis in 9 cases. Four lesions showed mixed forms between proliferative myositis and proliferative fasciitis. Nodular fasciitis‐like areas were evident in 14 cases. Four lesions showed bone and cartilage formation. Follow‐up information was available in all patients. The follow‐up period ranged from 9 months to 17 years, with a median of 11 years. Four patients died from intercurrent diseases; the remaining 14 patients are alive and well, indicating the perfectly benign clinical course. Awareness of the existence of pseudosarcomatous proliferative lesions of soft tissue and a knowledge of their characteristic gross structural and variable light microscopic appearances is mandatory for the avoidance of misinterpreting these lesions as sarcoma.
COMPUTER ASSISTED IMAGE ANALYSIS OF FEULGEN‐STAINED CELL NUCLEI FROM TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE HUMAN URINARY BLADDER
Authors: Fosså Sophie Dorothea , Kaalhus Olav
Published: August 2010

Computer assisted image analysis was performed in Feulgen‐stained cell nuclei from 117 transitional cell carcinomas of the human urinary bladder. The results were compared to corresponding findings from a control group consisting of 27 specimens from non‐malignant urothelium. Generally, the mean nuclear area in carcinoma specimens was found to be increased as compared to the control group, both in diploid and non‐diploid tumours. The concentration and the distribution of nuclear chromatin, and the relative area and content of non‐condensed chromatin were dependent on nuclear DNA‐content and nuclear area. These nuclear parameters did not give supplementary information which could be used in discriminating benign urothelial cell nuclei from malignant ones. A multiple regression analysis, performed for diploid and non‐diploid tumours separately, did not show any significant correlation between the considered nuclear parameters and clinical stage of the tumour or the patient's survival.
DNA‐VARIATIONS IN NEIGHBOURING EPITHELIUM IN PATIENTS WITH BLADDER CARCINOMA
Authors: Fosså Sophie Dorothea
Published: August 2010

Histologically atypical urothelium taken from bladder mucosa neighbouring transitional cell carcinoma showed similar, though less marked, DNA‐changes as observed in the corresponding tumours. A definite increase in the number of non‐diploid DNA‐values was found in 6 (of 12) urothelial specimens. The clinical significance of urothelial DNA‐changes is discussed.
CONGENITAL SOLITARY FIBROMATOSIS OF SOFT TISSUES, A VARIANT OF CONGENITAL GENERALIZED FIBROMATOSIS
Authors: Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar , Termén Gunnar , Säe‐SÖderbergh Johan , Angervall Lennart
Published: August 2010

A report of 2 cases of solitary fibromatosis in a 10‐day‐old boy and a girl 3 years and 10 months old is presented. Both lesions were deep‐seated and showed a nodular and infiltrating growth, predominantly built‐up by immature fibroblast‐like cells and including hemangiopericytoma‐like areas. One of the lesions also showed leiomyoma‐like areas. An ultrastructural study, however, revealed no intra‐cytoplasmatic myofilaments. At follow‐up examinations after 21 years and 1 year, respectively, there were no signs of recurrences or metastases. These 2 cases are considered to represent a solitary form of congenital generalized fibromatosis. The differential diagnosis from infantile hemangiopericytoma and fibrous lesions seen in infancy and early childhood, such as infantile fibrosarcoma, diffuse infantile fibromatosis, extra‐abdominal desmoid, fibrous hamartoma of infancy and juvenile aponeurotic fibroma, is discussed.