bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Recurrence of Urinary Calculi and Childbirth: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Shih Mu-Tsun , Chiang Jen-Huai , Liao Po-Chi , Chen Huey-Yi , Chen Yung-Hsiang , Tang Shou-Hung , Wu Sheng-Tang , Cha Tai-Lung , Chen Wen-Chi
Published: May 2016

We examined the recurrence rate of urinary calculi (UC) in women after childbirth. The recurrence of UC is common, but no previous studies mentioned the risk of recurrence after childbirth. We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study to investigate whether childbirth could correlate with the recurrence of UC by using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Nulliparous women (age ≥20 years) receiving a diagnosis of first episode of UC between 2000 and 2002 were enrolled. We recorded the events of recurrence between parous patients (n = 737) and matched-control nulliparous patients (n = 737). The average ages for parous patients and controls were 27.41 and 27.54, respectively. The recurrence rate was 11.67% (86 of 737) in the childbirth cohort group and 21.57% (159 of 737) in the nonchildbirth cohort group. The childbirth cohort group was associated with a significantly decreased risk of secondary UC (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.35–0.59) compared with those who did not deliver a child. This relationship should be studied further.
Increased precipitation and weathering across the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum in central China
Authors: Chen Zuoling , Ding Zhongli , Yang Shiling , Zhang Chunxia , Wang Xu
Published: May 2016

Global warming during the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) ∼55.5 million years ago (Ma) was associated with a massive release of carbon to the ocean‐atmosphere system, as evidenced by a prominent negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) and widespread dissolution of marine carbonates. The paleohydrologic response to the PETM warming has been studied worldwide; however, relevant records of environmental perturbation in Asia are lacking so far. Here we extend the record of this event in central China, a subtropical paleosetting, through geochemical and mineralogical analyses of lacustrine sediments. Geochemical indicators of authigenic carbonates—including molar Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios—suggest an overall increased precipitation across the PETM, compatible with the disappearance of authigenic dolomite and the appearance of kaolinite in the strata. The relatively humid conditions persisted long after the carbon‐cycle perturbation had stopped, implying that the transient hyper‐greenhouse warming might have forced the regional climate system into a new climate state that was not easily reversed. Additionally, a gradual increase in chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the appearance of kaolinite are associated with the PETM, indicating an intensified silicate weathering and pedogenesis in the watershed in response to warmer and more humid climate. Our results corroborate the theory that an accelerated continental chemical weathering served as a negative feedback to sequester carbon and lower the atmospheric greenhouse‐gas levels during the PETM.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroboration of Hetero(Si, Ge, Sn)‐Substituted Acetylene Ethers. Synthesis of cis‐β‐Hetero(Si, Ge, Sn)‐Substituted Vinyl Ethers.
Authors: PONOMAREV S. V. , ERIKOVA M. V. , NIKOLAEVA S. N. , ZEL' R. , KOSTYUK A. S.
Published: May 2016

Hydroboration of the acetylene ethers (I) with the boranes (II) and subsequent work‐up with higher alkanols yield stereo‐ and regioselectitively the cis‐vinyl ethers (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Eu4OCl6 and Eu4OBr6: Crystal Growth and Structure.
Authors: SCHLEID T. , MEYER G.
Published: May 2016

Single crystals of the title compound have been prepared by reduction of a EuX3 (X: Cl, Br)/Eu2O3 mixture (6:1) with Li metal (Ta‐ampoules, 850 °C, and 750 °C, resp., 1 week).
ChemInform Abstract: Polymetaarsenites. Preparation and Crystal Structure of BaAs2O4·H2O.
Authors: SHELDRICK W. S. , HAEUSLER H.‐J. +
Published: May 2016

The hydrothermal reaction of BaO with As2O3 at 200 °C yields the title compound besides Ba2As6O11.
ChemInform Abstract: Interlamellar Liebig Titration Based on Photoluminescence. Reaction of Silver Uranyl Phosphate with Hydrogen Cyanide Gas.
Authors: DIECKMANN G. H. , ELLIS A. B.
Published: May 2016

The interlamellar equivalent of the Liebig titration is demonstrated: AgCN can be precipitated by the solid‐gas reaction of (I) with HCN.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Transport in the System Mn‐O in Consideration of the Oxygen Coexistence Pressure.
Authors: ROSSBERG A. , OPPERMANN H. , STARKE R.
Published: May 2016

The chemical transport of the coexistent phases Mn2O3‐Mn3O4 and Mn3O4‐MnO with Cl2, Br2, HCl, HBr, and HI has been studied and thermodynamically analyzed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Binary Phase Diagrams of Thallium with Gadolinium, Terbium and Dysprosium
Authors: SACCONE A. , DELFINO S. , CACCIAMANI G. , FERRO R.
Published: May 2016

have been determined by DTA, XRD, metallography, and microprobe analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Counterions on Crack Growth in Vitreous Silica.
Authors: WHITE G. S. , FREIMAN S. W. , WIEDERHORN S. M. , COYLE T. D.
Published: May 2016

Crack‐growth studies are performed in Cs, K, Na, Li, and Tl(I) hydroxide solutions as a function of pH (emphasis on pH ≥ 11).
ChemInform Abstract: (PPh3Me)2((MoCl4(NO))2(μ‐S2N2)); Synthesis, IR Spectrum, and Crystal Structure.
Authors: FRANKENAU A. , DEHNICKE K. , FENSKE D.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (III), prepared as shown in the scheme, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with Z=1.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of the Chevrel Phases MxMo6S8 (M: Cu, Pb, La, or Gd).
Authors: NANJUNDASWAMY K. S. , VASANTHACHARYA N. Y. , GOPALAKRISHNAN J. , RAO C. N. R.
Published: May 2016

Nearly stoichiometric Cu2Mo6S8 (I), PbMo6S8 (II), LaMo6S8 (III), and GdMo6S8 (IV) are obtained as single‐phase products by heating a precursor of general formula Mp(NH4)qMo3S9 in H2 at 1000 °C. The precursors are prepared by addition of a DMF solution of the corresponding metal chloride to a DMF solution of (NH4)2MoS4 (∼ 90 °C, 5‐6 h, N2).
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Ferrocene and (η6‐Benzene) Tricarbonylchromium Complexes by X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.
Authors: ALLEN G. C. , BUTLER I. S. , KIRBY C.
Published: May 2016

The binding energies of the 2p electrons in the complexes (I)‐(IV) indicate that the actual oxidation states of the metals are close to zero.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion Coordination Chemistry. Part 2. Electrochemical, Thermodynamic, and Structural Studies on Supercomplex Formation Between Large Polyammonium Cycloalkanes and the Two Complex Anions Hexacyanoferrate(II) and Hexacyanocobaltate(III).
Authors: BENCINI A. , BIANCHI A. , GARCIA‐ESPANA E. , GIUSTI M. , MANGANI S. , MICHELONI M. , ORIOLI P. , PAOLETTI P.
Published: May 2016

The stability constants of 1:1 "supercomplexes" formed between the large, variously protonated macrocycles (I) and the anions (Fe(CN)6)4‐ and (Co(CN)6)3‐ are determined by potentiometric studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Substitution Reactions of Organocuprates with β‐(Phenylseleno)vinyl Sulfones Derived from the Selenosulfonation of Acetylenes. A Convenient and Stereospecific Preparation of Vinyl Sulfones and Olefins from Acetylenes.
Authors: BACK T. G. , COLLINS S. , KRISHNA M. V. , LAW K.‐W.
Published: May 2016

The 2‐selenenylvinyl sulfones (I), prepared from the corresponding acetylenes by free‐radical selenosulfonation, react with the organocuprates, generated in situ from the lithium compounds (II), to form the substitution products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions of a Bisisobenzofuran Leading to Linear Polyacenequinones and a Quadruply Bridged Cyclophane.
Authors: CHIBA T. , KENNY P. W. , MILLER L. L.
Published: May 2016

The bisisobenzofuran (I) undergoes cycloaddition reactions with maleic anhydride (IIa) or the maleimides (IIb) and (IIc), yielding the bisadducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Organic Compounds by Silver(II). Reactions with Aliphatic Diols and α‐Hydroxy Acids.
Authors: MENTASTI E. , KIRSCHENBAUM L. J.
Published: May 2016

The rates of oxidation of the compounds (I) and (II) are investigated by the stopped‐flow technique and a mechanism via the formation of a Ag(I)‐diol complex is proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Monofluorination of β‐Diketones.
Authors: PURRINGTON S. T. , BUMGARDNER C. L. , LAZARIDIS N. V. , SINGH P.
Published: May 2016

The 1,3‐diketones (I) are selectively fluorinated to give the monofluoro diones (IV) by treatment of the corresponding silyl enol ethers (III) with diluted fluorine in nitrogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Reactions of the Low Valent Cobalt Reagent Generated Using CoCl2 and NaBH4/C2H5OH in the Presence of Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: SATYANARAYANA N. , PERIASAMY M.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the terminal olefin (I) with sodium boranate, CoCl2 (II), and carbon monoxide (III) proceeds via the complex (IV) which yields either the alkane (V) or the rearranged E‐alkene (VI) depending on the method of work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthesis of Tropones and Related Compounds.
Authors: BARBIER M. , BARTON D. H. R. , DEVYS M. , TOPGI R. S.
Published: May 2016

The cyclohexa‐2,4‐ and 2,5‐dienones bearing a dihalomethyl group at positions 2 or 4, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Bicyclo(3.2.1)octane, Bicyclo(4.2.1)nonane, and Bicyclo‐(3.3.1)nonane by Transannular Radical Cyclizations.
Authors: MACCORQUODALE F. , WALTON J. C.
Published: May 2016

Cycloalkenylmethyl radicals, generated from the bromomethylcycloalkenes (I) by photolytically‐induced hydride reduction, undergo intramolecular ring closure to form the bicycloalkanes (IIIa) or (IVb) as the main products.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(α‐Hydroxy‐2‐nitrosobenzyl)‐1‐naphthamide: A Photochemical Intermediate.
Authors: PEYSER J. R. , FLECHTNER T. W.
Published: May 2016

Irradiation of the naphthamide (I) produces the isomeric naphthamide (II) mentioned in the title which is isolable at low temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: A Torquospecific 1,5‐Electrocyclization.
Authors: GESCHE P. , KLINGER F. , RIESEN A. , TSCHAMBER T. , ZEHNDER M. , STREITH J.
Published: May 2016

Saponification of the homodiazepines (Ia) and (Ib) in the absence of any proton donors followed by reaction with the compounds (II), (III) or (V) yields the tricyclic isomers (IV) as exclusive or main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Syntheses of cis‐2‐Alkyl‐6‐methylpiperidines.
Authors: RYCKMAN D. M. , STEVENS R. V.
Published: May 2016

The carboxylic acid derivatives (I) are coupled with the organometallic compounds (II) to produce the monoprotected 1,5‐dions (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrazine‐Mediated One‐Pot Amination‐Oxidation Reaction: Facile Synthesis of 4‐Amino‐β‐carbolines and 4‐Aminoisoquinolines.
Authors: TRUDELL M. L. , FUKADA N. , COOK J. M.
Published: May 2016

The isoquinolone (I) and the 2‐benzoyl‐4‐oxo‐β‐carbolines (III) are converted to the 4‐amino derivatives (II) or (IV) by refluxing in hydrazine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 1‐Substituted‐4a‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimido(6,1‐a)isoindol‐9(4aH)‐one.
Authors: EBERLE M. K. , BRZECHFFA L. , SHAPIRO M. J.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (V) are prepared by coupling of the imidic acid ester (I) with chloroacetonitrile (II) and subsequent hydrogenation, yielding the aminoethylisoindolone derivative (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐Skeletal (1,2) Anionic Rearrangements of Tertiary Benzylic Amines: Geometric and Electronic Requirements for Generating the Spiroazacyclopropane Intermediate.
Authors: EISCH J. J. , DUA S. K. , KOVACS C. A.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the tertiary amines (I), (III), (V), or (VII) with butyllithium results in metalation of the benzylic position, e.g. yielding the deuterated products (II) or (IV), or in ring expansion to form secondary amines such as (VI) or (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Representative Metalation and Reduction Reactions of the Superactive Metal Hydrides LiH, NaH, and KH.
Authors: PI R. , FRIEDL T. , VON RAGUE SCHLEYER P. , KLUSENER P. , BRANDSMA L.
Published: May 2016

Suspensions of activated metal hydrides are prepared by hydrogenation of organometal compounds such as butyllithium or butylpotassium in the presence of tetramethyl‐1,2‐diaminoethane.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Keto Phosphonates from Vinyl Phosphates via a 1,3‐Phosphorus Migration.
Authors: CALOGEROPOULOU T. , HAMMOND G. B. , WIEMER D. F.
Published: May 2016

The cyclic ketones (I) are deprotonated and then coupled with diethyl or diisopropyl phosphorochloridate (II), yielding the vinylic phosphates (III) as the primary products which undergo base‐induced rearrangement to form the keto phosphonates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An NMR Investigation of the Reactions of Secondary Organoarsines with Symmetric Diarsines and Diphosphines.
Authors: GUPTA V. K. , KRANNICH L. K. , WATKINS C. L.
Published: May 2016

At 24 °C an equilibrium mixture is indicated containing the unsym. diarsines (III) accompanied by the self‐exchange product of type (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Di‐ and Triorganotin(IV) Diphenyldithiophosphinates.
Authors: SILVESTRU C. , ILIES F. , HAIDUC I. , GIELEN M. , ZUCKERMAN J. J.
Published: May 2016

The organotin dithiophosphinates (III) are prepared by reaction of the tin derivatives (I) or (IV) with the diphenyldithiophosphinic acid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkoxide and Aryloxide Derivatives of Actinide(IV) Polypyrazolylborates. Part 1. Uranium(IV) and Thorium(IV) Hydridotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate Complexes.
Authors: MARQUES N. , MARCALO J. , PIRES DE MATOS A. , SANTOS I. , BAGNALL K. W.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes (III) are prepared as outlined in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a Rhenium‐Dioxygen Complex. The Crystal and Molecular Structure of (ReCl2(PPh3)2(NNCO2Me)(O2)), a Precursor in the Synthesis of Organosulfinato Complexes of Rhenium.
Authors: NICHOLSON T. , ZUBIETA J.
Published: May 2016

The title complex (V) with an η2‐bound O2, prepared as shown, crystallizes in the space group Pa with Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: New Route to Bimetallic Imidazolate‐Bridged Complexes. Part 3. Solution Properties of Dinuclear Copper and Nickel Complexes and Their Mononuclear Precursors.
Authors: COSTES J.‐P. , LAURENT J.‐P.
Published: May 2016

The solution properties (electronic spectra, static magnetic susceptibilities and EPR spectra) of the dinuclear complexes (II) and their mononuclear precursors (I) are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of (Cy3P)2Ni(H)(CH3) with Carbon Dioxide. Formation of a Hydridonickel Formate Complex, HNi(O2CH)(Cy3P)2.
Authors: DARENSBOURG D. J. , DARENSBOURG M. Y. , GOH L. Y. , LUDVIG M. , WIEGREFFE P.
Published: May 2016

The Ni complex (I) reacts in benzene or toluene to give (III) as the major metal‐containing product which is separated by chromatography on a silica gel column and identified by IR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectra.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Study of the Diels‐Alder Reaction between Tetrachlorodimethoxycyclopentadiene and the Nickelocene‐Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate Adduct. Crystal Structures of the Products.
Authors: BATTISTE M. A. , GRIGGS B. G. JUN. , SACKETT D. , COXON J. M. , STEEL P. J.
Published: May 2016

The norbornadienedicarboxylate (I) and the corresponding cyclopentadienylnickel complex (IV) react with the masked cyclopentadienone (II) on the less hindered exo‐face of the dienophile to produce the anti‐sequinorbornane adducts (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II) Complexes of 3‐Aminopropanols. Synthesis and Structure of (3‐Aminopropanolato)formatocopper(II).
Authors: SILLANPAEAE R. + , LINDGREN T. , RISSANEN K.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the copper salt (I) the dimeric title compound (VI) is prepared in two steps via (IV), in which the weakly coordinated solvent molecule could be replaced by the formato ion.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectral, Magnetic and Electrical Studies on Complexes of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Copper(II) with Aminopyrazine.
Authors: ALLAN J. R. , PATON A. D. , TURVEY K. , BOWLEY H. J. , GERRARD D. L.
Published: May 2016

The complexes (Ia), (Ib) and (II) are prepared by reaction of the appropriate metal salt with aminopyrazine in warm EtOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Structural Studies of Phosphine and Phosphite Derivatives of the (FeCo3(CO)12)‐ Anion and Their (Ph3PAu)+ Adducts.
Authors: LOW A. A. , LAUHER J. W.
Published: May 2016

Substitution of CO from the title anion (I) by trimethyl phosphite (IIa) or dimethylphenylphosphine (IIb) leads to substitution products which react with Ph3PAuNO3 (III) to give the di‐ and monosubstituted gold derivatives (IVa) and (IVb), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Cembranolide Total Synthesis. Anisomelic Acid.
Authors: MARSHALL J. A. , DEHOFF B. S.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the title compound (VII) proceeds via the two key steps (II) → (IV) and (V) → (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Isoptychanolide by Application of the α‐Alkynone Cyclization.
Authors: SOLAJA B. , HUGUET J. , KARPF M. , DREIDING A. S.
Published: May 2016

The α‐alkynone (I) is cyclized to the bicyclic ketone (II) which is subsequently transformed to the title compound (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Promoted Condensation of α‐Amino Acids with β‐Keto Thioesters: Synthesis of N‐Acylated L‐Leucine Derivatives Containing (S)‐4‐ Hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐ and (S)‐4‐Hydroxy‐2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐oxohexanoic Acid.
Authors: KIM H.‐O. , OLSEN R. K. , CHOI O.‐S.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of the S‐ethyl thiocarboxylates (I), prepared by reaction of the lithium enolate of ethyl thioacetate with derivatives of hydroxymethylbutanoic acid, with amino acid esters such as (II) yields 3‐oxoamides such as (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Nucleotide Analogues. Part 3. Synthesis of 9‐(2‐Phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine and Related Compounds.
Authors: HOLY A. , ROSENBERG I.
Published: May 2016

The phosphonate (Ia) is converted to the derivatives (Ib), (Ic), (Id).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of D‐Biotin from Cysteine.
Authors: LEE H. L. , BAGGIOLINI E. G. , USKOKOVIC M. R.
Published: May 2016

The key step in the synthesis of the known precursor (V) of D‐biotin is the intramolecular (3 + 2) cycloaddition of the nitrile oxide group generated in (II) with the enol thioether moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of R‐(+)‐α‐Lipoic Acid.
Authors: RAO A. V. R. , PURANDARE A. V. , REDDY E. R. , GURJAR M. K.
Published: May 2016

The triacetoxyalkenal (I), prepared from D‐glucose by known methods, undergoes Wittig olefination with the ethoxycarbonylmethylenephosphorane (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Gaseous Polyatomic Binary and Ternary Lanthanoid Oxides
Authors: KAHWA I. A. , SELBIN J. , HSIEH T. C.‐Y. , LAINE R. A.
Published: May 2016

, arising from lanthanoid nitrate Schiff base complexes, simple nitrates and sesquioxides, have been observed at room temp. in a fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometer.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Chemical Environment on Direct Recoil Ion Fractions.
Authors: CHEN J. N. , RABALAIS J. W.
Published: May 2016

A qualitative model for describing a specific type of secondary particle emission, i.e., atoms which are directly recoiled (DR) from a surface as a result of a single primary ion collision, is developed and used for the interpretation of ion fractions of DR atoms from surfaces with differing chemical environments.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Chemistry and Magnetic Behavior of Ternary Gallides REPtxGa4‐x (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm),
Authors: GRIN YU. N. , ROGL P. , HIEBL K.
Published: May 2016

prepared by arc‐melting of the elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Retention of Decatungstates Upon Photoreduction.
Authors: SASAKI Y. , YAMASE T. , OHASHI Y. , SASADA Y.
Published: May 2016

The crystal structures of (iPr2NH2)4(W10O32)·2 MeCN (I) and two photoreduced (500 W Hg lamp with cut filter (λ > 300 nm), 20 h) specimens, (iPr2NH2)4(H1.5W10O32)·8 H2O (II) and Na4(H1.8W10O32)·14 H2O (III), have been determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of LiTlZr5F22.
Authors: AVIGNANT D. , CAIGNOL E. , CHEVALIER R. , COUSSEINS J. C.
Published: May 2016

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared by annealing a stoichiometric mixture of the corresponding fluorides (LiF:TlF:ZrF4 = 1:1:5, 450 °C, Pt‐tube, argon).
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of Nitrogen and Oxygen with Adsorption Centers of Zeolites.
Authors: OEHME W. , MEILER W. , LOCHMANN J. R. , SIEGEL H.
Published: May 2016

Adsorption measurements and 15N NMR studies show that the adsorption of N2 in type A and X zeolites is strongly influenced by the cation.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemisorption on Size‐Selected Metal Clusters: Activation Barriers and Chemical Reactions for Deuterium on Aluminum Cluster Ions.
Authors: JARROLD M. F. , BOWER J. E.
Published: May 2016

A new approach to study chemisorption on size‐selected metal clusters is described, involving the investigation of the collision‐energy dependence of the chemisorption by low‐energy ion beam techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Further Study of Metal‐Metal Bond Lengths in Homologous Edge‐Sharing Bioctahedral Complexes.
Authors: CANICH J. A. M. , COTTON F. A. , DANIELS L. M. , LEWIS D. B.
Published: May 2016

The binuclear complexes (I) are prepared either by chlorination of the corresponding complexes M2Cl4(R2PCH2PR2)2 or by treating (Bu4N)2Re2Cl8 with Me2PCH2PMe2, and characterized by X‐ray structure analysis ((Ia): space group P21/n, Z=2; (Ib): P21/c, Z=2; (Ic): C2/c, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Hydroximic Chlorides with Hexabutylditin. A Mild Method for Generation and Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides.
Authors: KIM B. H.
Published: May 2016

The hydroximic chlorides (I) are dehydrochlorinated upon irradition in the presence of hexabutylditin, yielding the corresponding nitrile oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of Substituted Dienes and Its Application to an Alkylated Taxane Model System.
Authors: BONNERT R. V. , JENKINS P. R.
Published: May 2016

The hydroxyalkenyl selenides (V), prepared from the aldehydes (I), produce the dienes (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Molecular Rearrangements of 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐cyclopentenones.
Authors: NOVAK L. , SZANTAY C. , MEISEL T. , ASZODI J. , SZABO E. , FEKETE J.
Published: May 2016

Rearrangement of hydroxycyclopentenone derivatives in the presence of nucleophiles is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Lactonization. A Useful but Mechanistically Complex Single Electron Transfer Process.
Authors: GASSMAN P. G. , BOTTORFF K. J.
Published: May 2016

Under the conditions indicated, the γ,δ‐unsaturated carboxylic acids (I), (IV) and (VII) are cyclized to the γ‐lactones (II)/(III), (V)/(VI) and (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselectivity of Conjugate Addition to γ‐Alkyl‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters. Stereocontrol with the Aid of Organocopper Reagents.
Authors: YAMAMOTO Y. , NISHII S. , IBUKA T.
Published: May 2016

The stereochemistry of the alkylation of the α,β‐unsaturated esters (I) with the organometallic compounds (II) or (VII) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylation of Compounds with an Active Fluoromethylene Group.
Authors: BOGOLYUBSKII A. V. , IL'CHENKO A. YA. , YAGUPOL'SKII L. M.
Published: May 2016

Dimethyl fluoromalonate (I), on reaction with pivaloyl chloride (II) or with benzoyl chloride (IV), yields the C‐acyl derivatives (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: trans‐3‐(2,3‐Dipropyl‐2‐cyclopropenyl)acrylic Acid and Its Methyl Ester. Synthesis and Properties. Part 2. Estimation of the Polar Influence of the Cyclopropenyl Group.
Authors: KOMENDANTOV M. I. , KOSTIKOV R. R. , PANASYUK T. B. , DOMNIN I. N.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (VII) and its methyl ester (VI) are prepared for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: General Approach to the Synthesis of Polyquinenes. Part 4. Studies Directed Toward the Preparation of Dicyclopenta(cd,gh)pentalene.
Authors: LANNOYE G. , COOK J. M.
Published: May 2016

The bicyclic bisenol (IV), prepared from glyoxal (I) and the acetonedicarboxylate (II), is hydrolyzed, decarboxylated, and bisallylated to form the isomeric bicyclooctanediones (VI) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Dialkylaluminum Chloride Catalyzed Ene Reactions of Carbonyl Sulfide.
Authors: DUNKERTON L. V. , SASA M.
Published: May 2016

The terminal olefins (I) react with carbonyl sulfide (II) in the presence of dialkylaluminum chlorides to produce the β,γ‐unsaturated thiocarboxylic acids (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Dicyclopenta(ef,kl)heptalene (Azupyrene) Chemistry. Electrophilic Monosubstitution: Acetylation, Halogenation, and Thiocyanation. 1‐(Ethoxymethyl)azupyrene and Dimethyl (1‐Azupyrenylmethyl)malonate. Acetylazupyrene Geometry.
Authors: ANDERSON A. G. JUN. , DAUGS E. D.
Published: May 2016

Azupyrene (I) is converted to the 1‐ or 4‐substituted derivatives (II) as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Secondary Amines of the 2,6,6‐Trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)heptane Series.
Authors: KALECHITS G. V. , KOZLOV N. G. , VYALIMYAE T. K.
Published: May 2016

Catalytic hydroamination of pinan‐3‐ol (I) in the presence of the nitriles (IV) affords the N‐alkyl‐2,6,6‐trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)heptyl‐3‐amines (V) in fair to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 3‐Methyl‐7‐noradamantyllithium with Adamantanone.
Authors: YURCHENKO A. G. , FEDORENKO T. V. , KULIK N. I. , TIKHONOV V. P. , TITOVA M. I.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between the title compounds (I) and (II) affords (III) instead of the expected (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Rearrangements. Part 6. Thermolysis of α‐(N‐Arylamino)benzyl Aryl Sulfides.
Authors: EL‐KHAWAGA A. M. , EL‐ZOHRY M. F. , ISMAIL M. T. , ABDEL‐WAHAB A. M.
Published: May 2016

The α‐(N‐arylamino)benzyl aryl sulfides (III) are prepared by coupling the thiols (I) with the Schiff bases (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Cyclopropenones with Trimethylsilyl Cyanide with the Aid of Transition‐Metal Complexes or Phosphines. A New Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐2‐ furancarbonitriles.
Authors: CHATANI N. , HANAFUSA T.
Published: May 2016

Diphenylcyclopropenone (Ia) reacts with excess trimethylsilyl cyanide (II) in the presence of transition metal complexes or phosphines to produce the bis(silyl)aminofurancarbonitrile (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Methodology for (4 + 1) Pyrroline Annulation. Second Generation Synthesis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids.
Authors: HUDLICKY T. , SINAI‐ZINGDE G. , SEOANE G.
Published: May 2016

The pyrrolidino‐fused vinylaziridinecarboxylate (II) reacts with iodotrimethylsilane (III) to give the adduct (IV) which cyclizes directly, forming the pyrrolizidinecarboxylate (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Pyrazoles from Indazol‐4‐ols.
Authors: LETOURNEAU M. E. , PEET N. P.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the known indazolone (IV), the tetrahydroindazoles (V), and the dihydroindazole (VII) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 2‐Aryl‐8‐oxabicyclo(3.2.1)oct‐6‐en‐3‐ones.
Authors: MANN J. , WILDE P. D. , FINCH M. W.
Published: May 2016

The corresponding oxyallyl cations formed from the bromoketones (I) the synthesis of which is described react with furan (II) in the presence of trifluoroethanol (III) to give the oxabicyclooctenones (IV) or (VI) as well as the side‐products (V) (= products from a Favorskii rearrangement) or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: ortho‐Selective Alkylation of Phenols with Symmetric Sulfides and Sulfuryl Chloride.
Authors: SATO K. , INOUE S. , MIYAMOTO O. , IKEDA H. , OTA T.
Published: May 2016

SO2Cl2 is shown to be a useful activator for the sulfides (II) in the reaction with the phenols (I) to give ‐ via a (2,3)sigmatropic rearrangement ‐ the ortho‐alkylated phenols (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cyclization via Onium Salts. A Novel Synthesis of 1,3‐Thiazolidines from Chloromethyl (Trimethylsilyl)methyl Sulfide and Nitrogen‐Containing Heteroaromatic Compounds.
Authors: HOSOMI A. , HAYASHI S. , HOASHI K. , KOHRA S. , TOMINAGA Y.
Published: May 2016

The pyridine derivatives (I) are coupled with chloromethyl trimethylsilylmethyl sulfide (II) to form the intermediate pyridinium salts (III) which are cyclized upon desilylation to give the fused thiazolidines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Partially Saturated Dipyrido(1,2‐a:4,3‐d)pyrimidin‐11‐ones via Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer Reaction.
Authors: FUELOEP F. + , HUBER I. , DOMBI G. , BERNATH G.
Published: May 2016

Cyclocondensation of the piperidinones (I) with the aminopyridine (II) gives the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Unequivocal Synthesis of Phenazine‐1‐carboxylic Acids: Selective Displacement of Fluorine During Alkaline Borohydride Reduction of N‐(2‐Fluorophenyl)‐3‐nitroanthranilic Acids.
Authors: REWCASTLE G. W. , DENNY W. A.
Published: May 2016

The o‐fluoroanilines (I) are coupled with 2‐bromo‐3‐nitrobenzoic acid (II) to produce the N‐(2‐fluorophenyl)‐3‐nitroanthranilic acids (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted 1,3,5‐Triazines from N‐2,2‐Dichlorovinylbenzimidoyl Chloride and Its Analogues.
Authors: POPOVICH T. P. , DRACH B. S.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between the chlorides (I) and the amidines (II), followed by chlorination, affords the 2,4,6‐trisubstituted triazine hydrochlorides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Reactions of 2‐(Azidobutyl)‐1,4‐benzoquinones. Unexpected Rearrangement to a Furo(3,4‐b)indolizidine‐2‐one.
Authors: SCHULTZ A. G. , MCMAHON W. G. , STAIB R. R. , KULLNIG R. K.
Published: May 2016

Thermal rearrangement of the ω‐azidobutyl‐p‐benzoquinone (I) gives the bicyclic reaction products (III) and (IV) via the fused triazole (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Conversion of 2,3‐Dihydrofurans to Silylsiloxyalkynes and Bis(silyl)ketenes.
Authors: GROH B. L. , MAGRUM G. R. , BARTON T. J.
Published: May 2016

The quenching of the deprotonated (Ia) by the silyl chloride (III) affords (IVa) and the ketene (V) (yield 38% under optimized conditions).
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation of Thiophosphorus Chlorides in the Presence of Aluminum Chloride.
Authors: WEISS E. , KLEINER H.‐J.
Published: May 2016

The triarylphosphine sulfides (IV) or (VII) are prepared by consecutive arylation and sulfuration of phosphorus trichloride (II) or by stepwise arylation of thiophosphoryl chloride (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal and Organometal Complexes of Oxy‐ and Thiophosphorus Acids. Part 2. Reactions of O,O‐Alkylene Dithiophosphoric Acids with Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide.
Authors: YADAV J. S. , MEHROTRA R. K. , SRIVASTAVA G.
Published: May 2016

The mixed titanium isopropoxide alkylene dithiophosphates (III), (IV), (VI), and (VII) are synthesized in quantitative yields by reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide (II) with the alkylene dithiophosphoric acids (I) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Insertion of Terminal Alkynes into the Phosphirene Ring.
Authors: MARINETTI A. , MATHEY F.
Published: May 2016

The terminal alkynes (II) are inserted into the ring system of the phosphirene tungsten carbonyl complexes (I) in the presence of a Pd catalyst to give the phosphole complexes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A trans Effect on Methyl Migration from Iridium(III) to Carbon Monoxide. The Influence of π Acceptor Ligands on the Methyl Migration Reaction.
Authors: KUBOTA M. , MCCLESKY T. M. , HAYASHI R. K. , WEBB C. G.
Published: May 2016

Experiments of the methyl migration on the reactions according to the scheme indicate that π acceptor ligands CO (VIa) and isonitriles (VIb) which are trans to the methyl ligand do indeed promote migratory insertion and that σ donor ligands trans to the migrating methyl ligand do not promote migration.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structures of Di‐ and Trinuclear Di‐tert‐butylphosphido and Di‐tert‐butylarsenido Complexes of Iridium. X‐Ray Crystal Structures of (Ir(μ‐tBu2E)(CO)2)2 (E: P, As), (Ir(tBu2PH)(CO))2(μ‐H)(μ‐tBu2P), (Ir(tBu2PH)(CO)(μ‐H))2(H)(μ‐tBu2P), and Ir3(μ‐tBu2P)3(CO)5.
Authors: ARIF A. M. , HEATON D. E. , JONES R. A. , KIDD K. B. , WRIGHT T. C. , WHITTLESEY B. R. , ATWOOD J. L. , HUNTER W. E. , ZHANG H.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes (III), (VI), (VIII), (X), and (IX) are synthesized according to the scheme and characterized by X‐ray structure analysis ((III): space group Pnnm, Z=2; (VI): C2/m, Z=2; (VIII): P212121: Z=4; (X) and (IX): P21/c, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: New Monomeric and Binuclear Hydride‐ and Alkyl‐Substituted Platinum(II) Complexes Having Unsubstituted Terminal or Bridging Amide Ligands.
Authors: PARK S. , ROUNDHILL D. M. , RHEINGOLD A. L.
Published: May 2016

Treating the cationic ammine complexes (I) and (VII) with amide ion or other bases leads to the initial deprotonation products, the neutral monomeric trans‐complexes (II) and (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Some 5‐Arylazo‐2,4,6‐trichloropyrimidines and 4‐Arylamino‐5‐arylazo‐2,6‐dichloropyrimidines and Their Application as Disperse Reactive Dyes for Polyamide Fibres.
Authors: RANGNEKAR D. W. , PAREKH R. R.
Published: May 2016

The arylazobarbituric acids (III), obtained from the anilines (I) and barbituric acid (II) by diazo coupling, are converted to the arylazotrichloropyrimidines (IV) by treatment with POCl3.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthetic Peptide Binds 16 Base Pairs of A,T Double Helical DNA.
Authors: YOUNGQUIST R. S. , DERVAN P. B.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of a peptide (I) ((P4)3E), which is a trimer of tetra‐N‐methylpyrrole carboxamide coupled head‐to‐tail by β‐alanine, is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Syntheses of (S)‐2‐ and 4‐Amino‐5‐hydroxypentanoic Acids.
Authors: BARLOS K. , MAMOS P. , PAPAIOANNOU D. , PATRIANAKOU S.
Published: May 2016

γ‐Methyl (S)‐glutamate (I) is protected to give the tritylamino derivative (III) which is transformed into the aminohydroxypentanoic acids (V) and (IX) mentioned in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: Medical Chemistry of Polyoxometalates. Part 1. Potent Antitumor Activity of Polyoxomolybdates on Animal Transplantable Tumors and Human Cancer Xenograft.
Authors: YAMASE T. , FUJITA H. , FUKUSHIMA K.
Published: May 2016

It is demonstrated that (NH3iPr)6(Mo7O24)·3 H2O (I) is able to inhibit 80% of the tumor growth in mice bearing methylcholanthrene‐induced tumor (Meth A sarcoma) and MM‐46 adenocarcinoma.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Syntheses via Heterocyclic Intermediates. Part 36. Asymmetric Synthesis of Dimethyl (R)‐4‐Amino‐4‐methyl‐2‐pentenedioates (Dimethyl β,γ‐Didehydro‐α‐methyl‐D‐glutamates) or Methyl (R)‐2,5‐Dihydro‐2‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐2‐pyrrolecarboxylates by the Bislactim Ether Method. ‐ Asymmetric Synthesis of β,γ‐Didehydroglutamic Acids.
Authors: SCHOELLKOPF U. + , SCHROEDER J. +
Published: May 2016

The (in situ) lithiated bis‐lactim ether (Ia) reacts with the methyl acrylates (II) or (IV) to give the "Michael adducts" (III) or (V) with a high degree of asym.
ChemInform Abstract: The Metallothermic Reduction of Nd2O3 with Ca in CaCl2‐NaCl Melts
Authors: SHARMA R. A. , SEEFURTH R. N.
Published: May 2016

is studied in order to develop a low cost process for the production of metallic Nd for use in Nd‐Fe‐B permanent magnets.
Genetic Variants in the Vicinity of LGALS‐3 Gene and LGALS‐3 mRNA Expression in Advanced Carotid Atherosclerosis: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Djordjevic Ana , Zivkovic Maja , Stankovic Aleksandra , Zivotic Ivan , Koncar Igor , Davidovic Lazar , Alavantic Dragan , Djuric Tamara
Published: May 2016

Background

Previous research has shown that there is an association between galectin‐3 (gal‐3) protein and cardiovascular pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rs2274273 and rs17128183 on genetic susceptibility to advanced carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and its complications. The rs2274273 has been singled out as the lead SNP of the haplotype block containing LGALS‐3 (gal‐3 gene) associated with gal‐3 circulating levels, while rs17128183 constitutes a potentially functional SNP of the same hap‐block. We further sought to determine whether these genetic variants have an impact on the expression of LGALS‐3 mRNA in human carotid atherosclerotic plaque tissue.

Methods

The study encompassed 300 control subjects and 485 patients with advanced CA who had undergone carotid endarterectomy. Rs2274273, rs17128183, and LGALS‐3 relative mRNA expression was detected by means of real‐time PCR (TaqMan® technology).

Results

There were no statistically significant associations of the investigated genetic variants with susceptibility to advanced CA, nor did we find any associations in terms of ultrasonographically defined plaque phenotypes. The relative expression of LGALS‐3 mRNA proved to be significantly higher in carriers of the rare alleles (P = 0.039) for both genetic variants.

Conclusion

Our exploratory results suggest that while rs2274273 and rs17128183 bear no association with the risk of advanced CA or CA‐related complications, these genetic variants are likely to affect LGALS‐3 expression levels. In order to reach a definitive conclusion on the role played by rs2274273 and rs17128183 in advanced CA, our results should be further validated.
Scalability and homogeneity of slot die‐coated metal oxide semiconductor for TFTs
Authors: Takata Ryo , Neumann Anita , Weber Dennis , Pham Duy‐Vu , Anselmann Ralf , Kitamura Yoshitaka , Kakimura Takashi , Suzuki Satoshi , Minami Shigeki , Kodama Mitsumasa
Published: May 2016

An indium oxide‐based precursor solution has been developed by spin coating method. In order to apply this material to mass production, material, process, and equipment optimizations for slot die coating have been implemented. Slot die coating is a cost‐effective and scalable process and already applied to photoresist materials in the display industry. The indium oxide‐based precursor solution has been coated on bare glasses and thin‐film transistor substrates by a mass production‐type slot die coater. Mobility of over 10 cm2/Vs is achieved for the first time for a large area at an annealing temperature of 350 °C. The homogeneity of the film will be presented.
Evidence-Based Management Guidelines on Peyronie's Disease
Authors: Chung Eric , Ralph David , Kagioglu Ates , Garaffa Guilio , Shamsodini Ahmed , Bivalacqua Trinity , Glina Sidney , Hakim Lawrence , Sadeghi-Nejad Hossein , Broderick Gregory
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Despite recent advances in our knowledge and treatment strategies in Peyronie's Disease (PD), much remained unknown about this disease.

Aim

To provide a clinical framework and key guideline statements to assist clinicians in an evidence-based management of PD.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted to identify published literature relevant to PD. The search included all relevant articles published up to June 2015, including preclinical studies and published guidelines. References used in the text were assessed according to their level of evidence, and guideline recommendations were graded based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. Owing to the paucity of larger series and randomized placebo-controlled trials with regard to surgical intervention, guideline statements are provided as clinical principle or expert opinion.

Main Outcome Measures

This literature was discussed at a panel meeting, and selected articles with the highest evidence available were used to create consensus guideline statements for the Fourth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine guidelines on PD.

Results

In addition to existing Third International Consultation on Sexual Medicine guidelines on PD, seven new summary recommendations were created.

Conclusion

A greater understanding of the scientific basis of PD is greatly needed to address our understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical epidemiology, psychosocial, and diagnostic assessment as well as treatment strategies.
SW43‐DOX ± loading onto drug‐eluting bead, a potential new targeted drug delivery platform for systemic and locoregional cancer treatment – An in vitro evaluation
Authors: Ludwig Johannes M. , Gai Yongkang , Sun Lingyi , Xiang Guangya , Zeng Dexing , Kim Hyun S.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of unresectable primary cancer and their distant metastases, with the liver representing one of the most frequent location, is still plagued by insufficient treatment success and poor survival rates. The Sigma‐2 receptor is preferentially expressed on many tumor cells making it an appealing target for therapy. Thus, we developed a potential targeted drug conjugate consisting of the Sigma‐2 receptor ligand SW43 and Doxorubicin (SW43‐DOX) for systemic cancer therapy and for locoregional treatment of primary and secondary liver malignancies when loaded onto drug‐eluting bead (DEB) which was compared in vitro to the treatment with Doxorubicin alone.

SW43‐DOX binds specifically to the Sigma‐2 receptor expressed on hepatocellular (Hep G2, Hep 3B), pancreatic (Panc‐1) and colorectal (HT‐29) carcinoma cell lines with high affinity and subsequent early specific internalization. Free SW43‐DOX showed superior concentration and time depended cancer toxicity than treatment with Doxorubicin alone. Action mechanisms analysis revealed an apoptotic cell death with increased caspase 3/7 activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Only ROS scavenging with α‐Tocopherol, but not the caspase inhibition (Z‐VAD‐FMK), partly reverted the effect. SW43‐DOX could successfully be loaded onto DEB and showed prolonged eluting kinetics compared to Doxorubicin. SW43‐DOX loaded DEB vs. Doxorubicin loaded DEB showed a significantly greater time dependent toxicity in all cell lines. In conclusion, the novel conjugate SW43‐DOX ± loading onto DEB is a promising drug delivery platform for targeted systemic and locoregional cancer therapy.
Energy exchange analysis in droplet dynamics via the Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard model
Authors: Espath L. F. R. , Sarmiento A. F. , Vignal P. , Varga B. O. N. , Cortes A. M. A. , Dalcin L. , Calo V. M.
Published: May 2016

We develop the energy budget equation of the coupled Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard (NSCH) system. We use the NSCH equations to model the dynamics of liquid droplets in a liquid continuum. Buoyancy effects are accounted for through the Boussinesq assumption. We physically interpret each quantity involved in the energy exchange to gain further insight into the model. Highly resolved simulations involving density-driven flows and the merging of droplets allow us to analyse these energy budgets. In particular, we focus on the energy exchanges when droplets merge, and describe flow features relevant to this phenomenon. By comparing our numerical simulations to analytical predictions and experimental results available in the literature, we conclude that modelling droplet dynamics within the framework of NSCH equations is a sensible approach worthy of further research.
Screening for Frailty in Canada’s Health Care System: A Time for Action
Authors: Muscedere John , Andrew Melissa K. , Bagshaw Sean M. , Estabrooks Carole , Hogan David , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Howlett Susan , Lahey William , Maxwell Colleen , McNally Mary , Moorhouse Paige , Rockwood Kenneth , Rolfson Darryl , Sinha Samir , Tholl Bill ,   for the Canadian Frailty Network (CFN)
Published: May 2016

Avec le vieillissement de la population canadienne, la fragilité – avec son risque accru du déclin fonctionnel, la détérioration de la santé, et le décès – devient de plus en plus répandue. La physiologie de la fragilité reflète son origine parmi organes et systèmes multiples. Environ un quart des Canadiens qui sont âgés de plus de 65 sont fragiles, augmentant à plus de la moitié de ceux âgés de plus de 85. Notre système de soins de santé est organisé pour gérer les systèmes mono-organes, ce qui nuit à notre capacité à traiter efficacement les personnes atteintes de troubles multiples et des limitations fonctionnelles. Pour faire face à la fragilité, il faut reconnaître quand elle se produit, accroître la sensibilisation à son importance, développer des modèles holistiques pour ses soins, et générer des meilleures preuves pour son traitement. La reconnaissance de la façon dont la fragilité impacte la durée de vie permettrait l’intégration des objectifs en matière de soins dans les options de traitement. Les différents organisations de soins responsables variées dans le système de soins de santé canadien nécessiteront des stratégies et outils différentes pour évaluer la fragilité. Les changements dans la politique sera essentiels, étant donné la portée et la complexité des défis que pose la fragilité au système de soins de santé comme cela est organisé actuellement.
Abundance estimates for the endangered Green PeafowlPavo muticusin Cambodia: identification of a globally important site for conservation
Authors: NUTTALL MATTHEW , NUT MENGHOR , UNG VISES , O’KELLY HANNAH
Published: May 2016

The catastrophic decline of the endangered Green peafowlPavo muticusacross its former range is well known, yet there are only a handful of reliable population estimates for this species from its remaining range, making global assessment challenging. We present the first rigorous population estimates for this species from Cambodia, and model the distribution and the relationships between this species and several environmental covariates from the Core Zone (187,900 ha) of Seima Protection Forest (SPF), eastern Cambodia. Using distance sampling the abundance of Green Peafowl in SPF in 2014 is estimated to be 541 (95% CI [252, 1160]). Density surface modelling was used to predict distribution and relative abundance within the study area, and there was some evidence that the species prefers areas of deciduous forest, non-forest, and to a lesser extent semi-evergreen forest. These results highlight the importance of the central and northern sections of SPF for this species. Furthermore, the analysis suggested that Green Peafowl abundance is higher in closer proximity to water, yet decreases in closer proximity to human settlement.