bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instability of Oldroyd-B Liquid Films with Odd Viscosity on Porous Inclined Substrates
Authors: Zhou Qingqin , Liu Quansheng , Zhang Ruigang , Ding Zhaodong
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigate the effect of singular viscosity on the stability of a thin film of Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluid flowing along a porous inclined surface under the influence of a normal electric field. First, we derive the governing equations and boundary conditions for the flow of the film and assume that the film satisfies the Beavers–Joseph sliding boundary condition when it flows on a porous inclined surface. Second, through the long-wave approximation, we derive the nonlinear interfacial evolution equation. Then, linear and nonlinear stability analyses are performed for the interfacial evolution equation. The stability analyses show that the singular viscosity has a stabilizing effect on the flow of the film, while the strain delay time of the Oldroyd-B fluid, the electric field, and the parameters of the porous medium all have an unsteady effect on the flow of the film. Interestingly, in the linear stability analysis, the parameters of the porous medium have an unsteady effect on the flow of the film after a certain value is reached and a stabilizing effect before that value is reached. In order to verify these results, we performed numerical simulations of the nonlinear evolution equations using the Fourier spectral method, and the conclusions obtained are in agreement with the results of the linear stability analysis, i.e., the amplitude of the free surface decreases progressively with time in the stable region, whereas it increases progressively with time in the unstable region
A Comparative Study of Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status, and Frailty in Outpatients and Inpatients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Khan Saniya , Sansoni Sara , Di Cola Simone , Lapenna Lucia , Merli Manuela
Published: February 2025

Background: Liver cirrhosis is associated with significant nutritional challenges, including malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty, which impact clinical outcomes. The severity of these issues may vary between inpatient and outpatient settings, but there is a limited understanding of how these conditions manifest in these populations. This study aims to compare the nutritional status, dietary intake, and frailty in outpatients and inpatients with liver cirrhosis and to explore potential sex-specific differences. Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 195 patients with liver cirrhosis from the Gastroenterology ward and Outpatient Clinic of Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, between May 2023 and July 2024. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements, dietary recall, and food frequency questionnaires. Sarcopenia was evaluated using the SARC-F questionnaire and handgrip strength. Frailty was assessed using the Liver Frailty Index (LFI). Data on clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and disease severity were also recorded. Results: The inpatient group (n = 69) had significantly lower BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold compared to outpatients (n = 126). Inpatients exhibited higher frailty, with 73.9% classified as frail according to the LFI, compared to 39.6% in outpatients (p < 0.001). Dietary intake revealed that 91% of inpatients had an energy intake deficit compared to 76% of outpatients (p = 0.009). Protein intake was inadequate in 84% of inpatients versus 61% of outpatients (p < 0.001). Sex-specific analysis showed that females had a higher prevalence of sarcopenia than males (64.4% vs. 38.2%, p < 0.001) and experienced more significant protein deficits (74.3% vs. 57.6%, p = 0.021). Females also had higher LFI score (4.77 ± 0.88 vs. 4.45 ± 0.91, p = 0.034). Multivariate analysis showed that CTP, LFI, and protein deficit are independently associated with hospitalization. Conclusions: Inpatients with liver cirrhosis are at higher risk for malnutrition, frailty, and inadequate nutrient intake compared to outpatients, emphasizing the need for targeted nutritional interventions in hospital settings. Additionally, females with cirrhosis are more prone to sarcopenia and frailty, requiring gender-specific approaches to nutrition.
Nutrients and Nutraceuticals from Vitis vinifera L. Pomace: Biological Activities, Valorization, and Potential Applications
Authors: Prata Cecilia , Zalambani Chiara , Rossi Francesca , Rossello Simone , Cerchiara Teresa , Cappadone Concettina , Malucelli Emil
Published: February 2025

Grape pomace, also known as wine pomace, is a by-product of winemaking that has traditionally been discarded. However, recent studies have highlighted its rich nutritional and bioactive potential, positioning it as a promising resource for various applications in the functional food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. This review explores the nutrient and nutraceutical contents of grape pomace, including its high levels of polyphenols, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and melatonin. The biological activities of grape pomace, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects, are also discussed, emphasizing its potential as raw material endowed with multifunctional properties. Additionally, the valorization of grape pomace as a food supplement and for the development of cosmetics is examined, focusing on its incorporation into dietary products and skincare formulations. The growing interest in the sustainable utilization of grape pomace is underscored, highlighting its significant role in promoting human health and contributing to a circular economy.
The Impact of a Commercial Electrolyte Beverage on the Hydration Status of Active Men and Women
Authors: Boyd-Shiwarski Cary , Ray Evan , Subramanian Harikesh , Zharichenko Nicole , Monroe Amy , Mahajan Aman
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Hypo-hydration is a major health concern that affects performance and is associated with increasing morbidity and growing health care costs. There is an emerging interest in optimizing hydration and identifying how factors such as ingestion rate and beverage composition affect hydration. This study examined three beverages with varying ingestion rates and measured markers of hydration. Methods: Thirty healthy, active participants between the ages of 18 and 45 years were given three different beverages on three separate days. The beverages were of identical volumes (1 L), but differed in the rate of ingestion, carbohydrate content and electrolyte content. Beverage 1 and water alone were both consumed at a metered rate of one liter over four hours, whereas Beverage 2 was used as a positive control and was consumed at a bolus rate of one liter in 30 min. Results: After six hours, Beverage 1 significantly improved markers of hydration compared to water alone or Beverage 2. Beverage 1 decreased cumulative urine output vs. water alone by 32% (absolute difference −0.33 L; CI ± −0.16 to −0.51) and vs. Beverage 2 by 26% (absolute difference −0.26 L; CI ± −0.13 to −0.38). Beverage 1 increased the beverage hydration index vs. water alone by 64% (absolute difference +0.64 L; CI ± 0.36 to 0.92) and vs. Beverage 2 by 48% (absolute difference +0.53 L; CI ± 0.30 to 0.76). Conclusions: Beverage 1 is superior to water alone at improving hydration when it is ingested at similar rates. Moreover, metered ingestion of Beverage 1 improved hydration compared to a bolus ingestion of Beverage 2, this could be due to the dissimilar ingestion rates and/or beverage composition.
A Systematic Review of Nursing Competencies: Addressing the Challenges of Evolving Healthcare Systems and Demographic Changes
Authors: Notarnicola Ippolito , Dervishi Alketa , Duka Blerina , Grosha Eriola , Gioiello Giovanni , Carrodano Sara , Rocco Gennaro , Stievano Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The nursing profession is expected to undergo substantial transformations in the coming years due to rapidly evolving sociocultural, environmental, and technological changes. Defining and assessing nursing competencies are essential to ensuring high-quality care and fostering professional development. This systematic review aims to explore the future nursing competencies required and the sociocultural factors influencing their evolution. Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in several indexed databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using keywords such as “nursing competencies”, “future”, “healthcare systems”, and “demographic change”. Studies published within the last five years were included, and a rigorous quality assessment was performed. Results: The findings suggest that key sociocultural and technological factors—including environmental sustainability, technological advancements, innovation, globalization, urbanization, policy uncertainty, and demographic shifts—will significantly shape the development of nursing competencies. It is projected that nearly 70% of the nursing workforce will operate in highly unpredictable environments. The review highlights the need to develop interpersonal, higher-order cognitive, and system-level competencies, alongside complementary skills in personal and customer services, decision making, technology utilization, creativity, and scientific methodologies. Conclusions: Addressing the future challenges in nursing requires a holistic and strategic approach, including a cultural shift within the profession supported by targeted policies and sustained investment in education and continuous professional development. Training systems should prioritize the development of core competencies and promote lifelong learning to ensure adaptability in an evolving healthcare landscape.
Aberrometric, Geometrical, and Biomechanical Characterization of Sound-Induced Vibrational Modes of the Living Human Cornea
Authors: Ávila Francisco J. , Barco Óscar del , Marcellán Maria Concepción , Remón Laura
Published: February 2025

Repeatable and reliable assessment of corneal biomechanics with spatial resolution remains a challenge. Vibrational Optical Computerized Tomography (V-OCT), based on sound-wave elastography, has made it possible to investigate the natural resonant modes of the cornea and obtain the elastic moduli non-invasively. This pilot study presents a characterization of four corneal vibrational modes from aberrometric, geometrical, and biomechanical approaches in the living human cornea of five healthy volunteers by combining a corneal sound-wave generator, dual Placido–Scheimpflug corneal imaging, and the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) devices. Sound-induced corneal wavefront aberration maps were reconstructed as a function of sound frequency and isolated from the natural state. While maps of low-order aberrations (LOA) revealed symmetric geometrical patterns, those corresponding to high-order aberrations (HOA) showed complex non-symmetric patterns. Corneal geometry was evaluated by reconstructing corneal elevation maps through biconical fitting, and the elastic and viscous components were calculated by applying the standard linear solid model to the ORA measurements. The results showed that sound-wave modulation can increase high-order corneal aberrations significantly. Two frequencies rendered the corneal shape more prolate (50 Hz) and oblate (150 Hz) with respect to the baseline, respectively. Finally, both the elastic and viscous properties are sensitive to sound-induced vibrational modes, which can also modulate the corneal stress-strain response. The cornea exhibits natural resonant modes influenced by its optical, structural, and biomechanical properties.
Molecular and Clinical Characterization of Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes Isolates: Insights from Two Northern-Italy Centers
Authors: Bonomo Carmelo , Mannino Eva , Bongiorno Dafne , Vocale Caterina , Amicucci Armando , Bivona Dalida , Guariglia Davide , Nicitra Emanuele , Privitera Grete Francesca , Sangiorgio Giuseppe , Stefani Stefania , Ambretti Simone
Published: February 2025

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a Gram-positive pathogen responsible for both superficial and invasive infections (iGAS), with increasing global incidence in recent years. This study aims to characterize the molecular and clinical features of iGAS cases in Bologna and Imola (Italy) between 2022 and 2024. Thirty-five invasive isolates were analyzed through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the distribution of emm types, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and virulence factors. Clinical and epidemiological data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The majority of cases (80%) were recorded in 2023, predominantly among patients aged over 65 (60%). Bloodstream infections were present in 97.1% of cases, and comorbidities such as diabetes and immunosuppression were common. Empirical antibiotic therapy often involved penicillin/β-lactam inhibitors, while oxazolidinones were the most frequently used in targeted regimens. The in-hospital mortality rate was 20%. Genomic analysis identified emm1, emm12, and emm89 as the most prevalent types, associated with specific virulence profiles and resistance determinants. This study highlights the critical role of emm typing and genomic characterization in understanding the pathogenicity of GAS. These findings contribute to the identification of risk factors for severe outcomes and underscore the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies in vulnerable populations.
Correction: Beristain-Ruiz et al. Possible Association between Selected Tick-Borne Pathogen Prevalence and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato Infestation in Dogs from Juarez City (Chihuahua), Northwest Mexico–US Border. Pathogens 2022, 11, 552
Authors: Beristain-Ruiz Diana M. , Garza-Hernández Javier A. , Figueroa-Millán Julio V. , Lira-Amaya José J. , Quezada-Casasola Andrés , Ordoñez-López Susana , Laredo-Tiscareño Stephanie Viridiana , Alvarado-Robles Beatriz , Castillo-Luna Oliver R. , Floriano-López Adriana , Hernández-Triana Luis M. , Martínez-Ibáñez Francisco , Rivera-Barreno Ramón , Rodríguez-Alarcón Carlos A.
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
Thermodynamic and Structural Characterization of a Mechanochemically Synthesized Pyrazinamide–Acetylsalicylic–Acid Eutectic Mixture
Authors: Queiroz Luís H. S. , Lage Mateus R. , dos Santos Clenilton C. , Sarraguça Mafalda C. , Ribeiro Paulo R. S.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aims to develop a sustainable and environmentally friendly drug delivery system by synthesizing a novel drug–drug eutectic mixture (DDEM) of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and pyrazinamide (PZA) using a green and efficient mechanochemical approach. Methods: The DDEM was characterized using various techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. Binary phase diagrams and Tammann’s triangle analysis determined the eutectic point. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on the starting compounds. The new system was evaluated for aqueous solubility, dissolution, and hygroscopicity. Results: A V-shaped binary phase diagram indicated the formation of a DDEM with a 2:1 molar ratio of ASA to PZA. A positive mixing enthalpy suggested a quasi-eutectic structure. The solubility of ASA and PZA increased by 61.5% and 85.8%, respectively, in the DDEM compared to the pure drugs. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of DDEMs to enhance drug properties and delivery. The synergistic interaction between ASA and PZA in the eutectic mixture may further improve therapeutic efficacy, warranting further investigation.
Phaseolus acutifolius Recombinant Lectin Exerts Differential Proapoptotic Activity on EGFR+ and EGFR− Colon Cancer Cells and Provokes T Cell-Assisted Antitumor Responses in Mice
Authors: Luján-Méndez Francisco , García-López Patricia , Berumen Laura C. , García-Alcocer Guadalupe , Ferriz-Martínez Roberto , Ramírez-Carrera Anette , González-Barrón Jaqueline , García-Gasca Teresa
Published: February 2025

Background: rTBL-1, a recombinant lectin from Phaseolus acutifolius, exhibit proapoptotic activity on colon cancer cells and inhibitory properties on colon tumorigenesis in vivo. Apoptosis has been associated with a phospho-EGFR/phospho-p38/phospho-p53 mechanistic axis. Immunogenicity data have been observed in treated animals, but its possible involvement in the antitumor response remained unexplored. Objective: We investigated whether the cytotoxic activity of rTBL-1 depends on EGFR and its capacity to produce antitumor responses on syngeneic colon cancer in mice, with and without T cells, in order to explore its possible involvement in the process. Results:rTBL-1 exhibited cytotoxic effects in a concentration-dependent manner in both EGFR+ (MC-38) and EGFR− (CT-26) colon cancer cells with LC50 values of 23.50 and 30.01 µg/mL, respectively (p = 0.063). Apoptotic effects were slower and longer-lasting in MC-38 than in CT-26 cells. Significant increases in caspase-3 proteolytic activation and PARP1 cleavage were detected in both cell types, despite PARP1 rheostasis in CT-26 cells. Intralesional treatment with rTBL-1 inhibited the growth of established tumors in immunocompetent BALB/c mice in 27.81% (p = 0.0008) with a benefit in survival (p = 0.022), but not in immunodeficient BALB/c nude mice. Conclusions:rTBL-1 induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells by EGFR independent mechanisms, although its presence could be related to deeper responses. Unresponsiveness in nude mice indicated that rTBL-1 antitumor effect is the synergistic result of apoptosis induction and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the tumor. Future studies will focus on the immunogenic effects triggered by the antitumor activity of rTBL-1 in colon cancer.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Use of New Hypoglycemic Groups: Real-World Evidence Utilizing the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Thaibah Hilal A. , Banji Otilia J. F. , Banji David , Alshammari Thamir M.
Published: February 2025

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening complication, can occur in individuals with type 2 diabetes during illness, stress, or medication use. This study examines DKA signals in type 2 diabetes, focusing on sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Methods: DKA reports from Q1 2019 to Q3 2024 were retrieved from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Associations between primary exposure and outcomes were ascertained using four key metrics: Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM), and Information Component (IC). Results: SGLT2 inhibitors exhibited the higher DKA risk in 2019–2021 (ROR: 314.86 [95% CI 301.76–328.53], PRR of 245.69 [95% CI 235.47–256.36], IC of 6.90, and EBGM of 120), declining in 2022–2024. GLP-1 receptor agonists showed an ROR increase from 2.88 [95% CI 2.56–3.25] in 2019–2021 to 4.64 [95% CI 4.06–5.29] in 2022–2023, slightly declining to 3.95 [95% CI 3.27–4.74] in 2024. DPP-4 inhibitors exhibited a steady ROR rise from 6.81 [95% CI 5.52–8.40] in 2019–2021 to 8.57 [95% CI 6.24–11.76] in 2022–2023 and further to 11.02 [95% CI 6.71–18.10] in 2024. PRR, EBGM, and IC values followed similar trends. The age groups 41–60 and 61–91 years were the most affected, with hospitalization at its highest rate for DPP4-inhibitors in Q1–Q3 of 2024. Hospitalizations were also observed with GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors. Life-threatening events and fatalities were also reported, with physicians contributing to most reports. Conclusions: DKA signals were observed for all three drug classes, particularly among elderly patients, highlighting the need for careful monitoring, especially during periods of illness or stress. However, the risk was higher in the SGLT2 inhibitor group than in the other groups.
Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Mediated Delivery of Gene-Silencing Nucleic Acids to the Invasive Common Reed Phragmites australis via Foliar Application
Authors: Ji Qing , Kowalski Kurt P. , Golenberg Edward M. , Chung Seung Ho , Barker Natalie D. , Bickford Wesley A. , Gong Ping
Published: February 2025

As a popular tool for gene function characterization and gene therapy, RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing has been increasingly explored for potential applications to control invasive species. At least two major hurdles exist when applying this approach to invasive plants: (1) the design and screening of species- and gene-specific biomacromolecules (i.e., gene-silencing agents or GSAs) made of DNA, RNA, or peptides that can suppress the expression of target genes efficiently, and (2) the delivery vehicle needed to penetrate plant cell walls and other physical barriers (e.g., leaf cuticles). In this study, we investigated the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-mediated delivery of multiple types of GSAs (e.g., double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), artificial microRNA (amiRNA), and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)) to knock down a putative phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene in the invasive common reed (Phragmites australis spp. australis). Both microscopic and quantitative gene expression evidence demonstrated the CPP-mediated internalization of GSA cargos and transient suppression of PDS expression in both treated and systemic leaves up to 7 days post foliar application. Although various GSA combinations and application rates and frequencies were tested, we observed limitations, including low gene-silencing efficiency and a lack of physiological trait alteration, likely owing to low CPP payload capacity and the incomplete characterization of the PDS-coding genes (e.g., the recent discovery of two PDS paralogs) in P. australis. Our work lays a foundation to support further research toward the development of convenient, cost-effective, field-deployable, and environmentally benign gene-silencing technologies for invasive P. australis management.
Identification and Expression Analysis of Acid Phosphatase Gene (PAP) in Brassica napus: Effects of cis-Acting Elements on Two BnaPAP10 Genes in Response to Phosphorus Stress
Authors: Du Hongyuan , Zhang Ruiqian , Zhang Qingxue , Shi Xun , Wang Jiaxue , Peng Qian , Batool Asfa , Li Shisheng
Published: February 2025

Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) play a key role in phosphorus (P) assimilation and redistribution in plants, catalyzing the hydrolysis of phosphate esters to produce inorganic phosphate (Pi). In this study, a total of 77 PAP genes were identified in B. napus. The candidate genes were divided into three groups and ten subgroups based on the phylogenetic analyses and exon-intron organization. Among these 77 BnaPAP proteins, 35 exhibit typical metal-ligating residues characteristic of known PAPs, whereas certain unaltered amino acid residues were absent or displaced in other BnaPAPs. A computational prediction was conducted, revealing that the majority of PAPs contain signal peptide motifs and display a range of N-glycosylation levels, as well as transmembrane helix motifs. An analysis of previously obtained RNA-seq data revealed that 55.84% (43 of 77) of the BnaPAPs responded to Pi deficiency. Moreover, we conducted a preliminary examination of the expression profiles of BnaPAP genes in response to salt stress, and discovered that 42.86% (33 of 77) of these genes were induced under salt stress, either in the shoots or in the roots. Further qRT-PCR and GUS analyses revealed that BnaC9.PAP10 and BnaA7.PAP10, two paralogs of BnaPAP10s, were induced by Pi deficiency. Notably, BnaC9.PAP10 exhibits robust induction, compared to the relatively mild induction observed in BnaA7.PAP10. Our research shows that BnaA7.PAP10 uniquely responds to Pi stress via the W-box, while BnaA7.PAP10 predominantly responds via the P1BS element, and the differences in cis-regulatory elements (CREs) within their promoter regions specifically contribute to their distinct expression levels under Pi stress. Our findings provide valuable insights and establish a foundation for future functional studies of BnaPAPs.
Highly Efficient Homozygous CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Based on Single-Cell-Originated Somatic Embryogenesis in Liriodendron tulipifera
Authors: Li Cairong , Jiang Pengshuo , Zhang Jiaji , Yang Dingjie , Lu Lu , Hao Zhaodong , Ma Yingxuan , Shi Jisen , Chen Jinhui
Published: February 2025

The clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system is the most widely used gene-editing tool to date. However, its application in the genetic improvement of forestry trees has been largely limited. Here, we first established a highly efficient multi-target editing system in the magnoliid woody plant Liriodendron tulipifera. Using phytoene desaturase gene (PDS) as an example, we systematically compared CRISPR/Cas9 and CRSPR/Cpf1 expression systems for loss-of-function analysis and conducted genetic transformations using transient and stable transformation. Ultimately, our findings indicated that the CRISPR/Cas9 system, when applied to transformation based on single-cell-originated somatic embryogenesis, yielded the highest gene-editing efficiency, with mutation rates of nearly 100%. Furthermore, we obtained a total of 137 regeneration plantlets via somatic embryogenesis, of which 82.48% exhibited an albino phenotype. The Illumina sequencing results of albino seedlings and the callus tissue obtained from dedifferentiation of mutant plants revealed that the mutation at the T1 target site was homozygous. These results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-based multiplex genome-editing technology can not only accelerate the identification of gene function but also be incorporated into the genetic improvement and breeding of tulip trees, supporting the scale propagation of genome-edited plantlets via somatic embryogenesis.
Structural Engineering of π-Linker Aromaticity in Anthanthrene-Based Dyes with D–π–A Configuration: DFT Investigation to Enhance Charge Transfer in DSSCs
Authors: Wazzan Nuha
Published: February 2025

The development of efficient dyes for photon harvesting in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is a critical area of research with the potential to enhance renewable energy technologies. This manuscript presents a novel approach to engineering dye structures (abbreviated as D2 dye features, an anthanthrene core with a resonance energy of ER = 694 kJ/mol and a reported power conversion efficiency (η) of 5.27%) by systematically replacing an anthanthrene core with various aromatic cores, aiming to understand the influence of resonance energy on molecular performance. By designing seven new dyes with resonance energies ranging from 255 to 529 kJ/mol, we conducted in-depth computational studies using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) to explore the effects of π-aromatic linkers on their electronic properties. Our findings reveal key insights into intermolecular charge-transfer (ICT) mechanisms and how they relate to the resonance energy of dye cores, highlighting the significance of balanced charge mobilities in optimizing optoelectronic characteristics, as shown by the D9 dye with a naphthacene core.
A Scoping Review on Accuracy and Acceptance of 3D-Printed Removable Partial Dentures
Authors: Porwal Amit
Published: February 2025

This scoping review aims to provide comprehensive evidence on methods used to assess the accuracy and acceptance of three-dimensional (3D)-printed removable partial dentures (RPDs). An electronic search of English language literature from January 2014 to 2024 was performed on five databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, using MesH terms. The parameter of interest was extracted and presented in tabular form. Of 1025 retrieved studies, 35 studies were included in the final analysis. Most studies were laboratory-based, and clinical trials were conducted between 2018 and 2022 without a control group. The studies included the use of the stone model or duplication model as a reference, as well as the direct 3D printing method and polished frame for detecting the accuracy of fit. The assessment method was divided into two categories: (1) qualitative (visual and tactile method) and (2) quantitative assessment, which includes optical and computerized methods for assessing the accuracy of fit. Dentist perception and patient-related outcomes were evaluated to measure the acceptance of 3D-printed RPDs. In conclusion, patients’ satisfaction and dentists’ acceptance of digitally printed RPDs were greater than those of conventional ones. The quantitative method (mainly computerized) provides a more accurate and precise assessment to evaluate the accuracy of fit. It allows clinicians to detect minute changes that cannot be inspected with visual and optical methods.
Funding Success of United States Federal Grant Applications Proposing to Study Therapeutic Applications of Psychedelics: A Survey Study
Authors: Barnett Brian S.
Published: February 2025

The author surveyed researchers about United States federal grant applications for therapeutic psychedelic research and their funding success. An anonymous survey was sent to corresponding authors of the 50 most-cited psychedelic research articles published after 2000 and also disseminated on Twitter. Ten researchers responded, reporting on 24 National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant applications for psilocybin, ibogaine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and other psychedelics, dating back to the early 1990s. Grant applications increased noticeably after 2006. Of the applications assessed, 16.7% were funded, below the NIH’s 23.4% average funding rate for R01-equivalent grants from 1998 to 2023. While no applications submitted before 2006–2010 were funded, the funding rate since then (19.05–22.2%) aligns with the NIH’s 20.6 ± 1.9% annual average for R01-equivalent grants from 2006 to 2023. Respondents generally perceived funding for psychedelic research as more difficult to obtain than for other areas, though recent improvements were noted. If the analyzed applications represent only a small subset of total submissions of applications proposing to study therapeutic applications of psychedelics, the findings may have limited generalizability and larger-scale validation studies would be required. However, this is difficult to determine since detailed data on unfunded NIH applications are not publicly available.
Production of Lipase from Streptomyces spp. AM9-01 by Solid-State Fermentation of Residual Babassu Mesocarp and Immobilization in Accurel® MP1000
Authors: Junior Aldo A. T. , dos Anjos Tamires N. , Gutarra Melissa L. E. , Nascimento Rodrigo P. do , Itabaiana Jr. Ivaldo
Published: February 2025

A wide range of agro-industrial waste has been generated due to higher demands for food and energy. New protocols for its valorization are urgent strategies for sustainable development. In this work, residual babassu mesocarp, a native plant from the north of Brazil, was used as a matrix for producing lipases through solid-state fermentation (SSF) by actinobacterial strains. Initially, 121 strains were screened by rhodamine B and tributyrin methods, where strain Streptomyces spp. AM9-01 was the most promising. It was submitted to the SSF at 30 °C, where 84.8 ± 1.5 U·mL−1 of hydrolytic activity (HA) was found in 48 h. Further studies at pH 7 increased lipase production, achieving 94.6 ± 1.6 U·mL−1 of HA in 12 h. The enzymatic extract was immobilized in Accurel® MP1000, where the biocatalyst Lip 10 showed 79.9 ± 1.5% immobilization efficiency, 4234 ± 24 U·g−1 of HA, and activity retention of 55.4%. Lip10 was used to synthesize ethyl oleate, showing conversions of over 97% in 6 h of reaction, while the commercial biocatalysts TLIM® and N435® showed conversions of over 95% in just 8 h. In addition, Lip10 showed operational stability for eight consecutive cycles. Therefore, it was demonstrated that babassu mesocarp is a viable alternative for obtaining competitive biocatalysts containing lipases for industrial applications from SSF by actinobacteria, which have few reports in the literature and could be potential biocatalytic agents.
A Network of Compassion: The Transmission and Development of the Cult and Iconography of Cakravarticintāmaṇi Avalokiteśvara Across the Maritime Silk Routes
Authors: Suebsantiwongse Saran
Published: February 2025

This article examines the cult surrounding an esoteric form of Avalokiteśvara, known by different names across regions, such as Cakravarticintāmaṇi, Cintāmaṇicakra, Ruyilun Guanyin, and Nyoirin Kannon. Through an analysis of Sanskrit, Chinese, and Japanese textual sources, the study explores the complex transmission of this cult from India to Southeast Asia and East Asia via the Maritime Silk Routes. As the cult spread, variations in its iconography emerged in different regions. The study highlights how, in India, the bodhisattva was depicted with specific attributes, which were reinterpreted in Southeast Asia. In China and Japan, further modifications appeared, with Chinese representations emphasising the six-armed form that later influenced and matured in Japanese iconography. Additionally, the texts reveal that Cintāmaṇicakra was introduced to royal courts as part of state rituals to ensure the acquisition and preservation of sovereignty. This association with kingship and state protection contributed to the deity’s prominence across the region. The culmination of this transmission occurred in Japan, where Cintāmaṇicakra remains a revered deity to this day. The article concludes that from the 7th to 9th centuries, Buddhist monks were instrumental in spreading the cult of Cakravarticintāmaṇi. As a result, the iconography evolved in response to regional artistic traditions, creating distinct yet interconnected forms of the bodhisattva across the Maritime Silk Routes.
Recurrent Borderline Ovarian Tumors in the Adolescent Population: Case Report
Authors: Fisher Maya , McGough Christine , Darby Janelle P.
Published: February 2025

Background and Clinical Significance: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are a rare diagnosis, especially in the adolescent population. This can make initial management and surveillance strategies difficult, given the limited guidelines and experience in this young age group. Case Presentation: We present two cases of recurrent serous BOTs diagnosed in adolescent patients. Both patients were initially treated with fertility-sparing surgery and followed with transabdominal pelvic ultrasounds. Secondary surgical debulking of recurrent disease with uterine preservation was successful in both patients with a long-term disease-free status. Conclusions: Although rare, BOTs can occur in adolescent patients and should be on the differential for ovarian masses in this age group. Fertility-sparing surgical techniques, reproductive endocrinology consultation, surveillance strategies, and hormone replacement therapy should all be taken into consideration when treating adolescent patients with BOTs.
Effects of Independent Links of the Lower Leg on the Ankle Joint in Walking Assistance
Authors: Saito Takamaru , Jiang Ming , Ceccarelli Marco , Takeda Yukio
Published: February 2025

There is an urgent need for a gait assisting device that simultaneously compensates for the loss of gait function reducing ankle plantarflexion torque and limited dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM). In this work, a walking assistance is proposed by using a device with an independent link attached on the ankle joint. We investigated the effect of the independent link on ankle joint torque and the assisted motion range via analysis. The results of the analysis revealed that the proposed device could assist patients with limited ankle dorsiflexion ROM and low plantarflexion strength simultaneously. For patients with mild dorsiflexion ROM limitation of the ankle joint (7° or more), it was found that walking within the limited ROM is possible and that a large assisting torque is possible by front side link assistance. The ankle torque load can be reduced by 60% under the conditions of this work. For patients with severe ankle dorsiflexion ROM limitation (2° or more, 6° or less), it was found that walking within the ROM was possible and that torque assistance is possible by back side link assistance. The ankle joint torque load can be reduced by 30% under the proposed conditions in this work.
Improved Inland Water Level Estimates with Sentinel-6 Fully Focused SAR Processing: A Case Study in the Ebre River Basin
Authors: Domingo Xavier , Gibert Ferran , Molina Robert , Escorihuela Maria Jose
Published: February 2025

The observation of small to medium inland water targets with nadir radar altimeters is currently limited by the along-track resolution of UnFocused SAR (UFSAR) altimetry, which is approximately 300 m for Delay-Doppler processors. In this study, we analyze the benefits of the sub-meter along-track resolution provided by Fully Focused SAR (FFSAR) altimetry applied to Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich data over a collection of small to medium targets in the Ebre Basin, Spain. The obtained water level estimations over a 2-year period are compared to in situ data to evaluate the long-term accuracy of the algorithm. The proposed FFSAR altimetry methodology achieves an average MAD precision of roughly 4 cm, and allows for a full operational implementation as it can be processed in a totally unsupervised manner. The precision improvement with respect to Delay-Doppler products over the same targets is essentially attributed to the FFSAR capabilities to better filter out waveforms contaminated by off-nadir scatterers. Moreover, we evaluate the application of extended water masks, which exploit nadir–altimeter measurements where water is at nadir or up to 250 m across-track from nadir to increase the number of acquisitions while maintaining the same level of accuracy, increasing by an average of 48% the number of valid measurements per pass, while maintaining the same level of accuracy as nadir measurements over water. We thus demonstrate the potential of FFSAR altimetry to monitor the water level of small to medium inland water targets.
Metabolic Characteristics of Lame Cows During Puerperium and the Beginning of the Reproductive Period
Authors: Praxitelous Anastasia , Katsoulos Panagiotis D. , Tsaousioti Angeliki , Schmicke Marion , Basioura Athina , Boscos Constantin M. , Tsousis Georgios
Published: February 2025

This study presents findings from two discrete experimental processes that examined the impact of lameness events on two consecutive, critical time points in the annual production cycle of dairy cattle (early in puerperium—first study, and later at the onset of the reproductive period—second study) regarding liver function, glucose levels, milk production, body condition score, and back fat thickness. In the first study, 47 cows (lame group n = 22, control group n = 25) were monitored from 10 days ante partum (ap) to 46 days post-partum (pp). In the second study, 79 cows (lame group n = 52, control group n = 27) were monitored from day 28 ± 5 pp to day 65–72 ± 5 pp. Lame cows had greater gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations in the blood serum compared to control cows (25.83 vs. 23.56, p = 0.02, respectively) early in puerperium, whereas the two groups did not differ in the second study. The concentration of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) was lower for lame compared to control cows in both studies (17.24 vs. 24.60, respectively, p = 0.02 in the first study, and 30.50 vs. 51.10, respectively, p = 0.02 in the second study). The concentrations of aspartate transaminase (AST) and glucose did not differ between groups in both studies. Lame cows had a lower body condition score (BCS) and backfat thickness (BFT) scores compared to the control in both studies overall. The lame cows of the first study experienced a significant loss of milk production, especially during the second month of lactation, while in the second study, milk production remained unaffected. Conclusively, lame cows have lower BCS and BFT values, whereas milk yield can be negatively affected only if lameness occurs early in the puerperium, probably beginning at the dry period. However, the current research shows that acutely lame cows, as described in this study, exhibit only mild alterations in liver function compared to non-lame ones.
Robust Reverberation Suppression Method Based on Alternating Projections
Authors: Xiao Xiongwei , Xu Feng , Yang Juan
Published: February 2025

By leveraging the high correlation between multi-ping echo data, low-rank and sparse decomposition methods are applied for reverberation suppression. Previous methods typically perform decomposition on the vectorized multi-ping echograph, which is obtained by stacking beamforming outputs from all directions in the same column. However, when the multi-ping correlation of beamforming outputs from different directions varies significantly due to the time-varying nature of the underwater acoustic channel, it becomes challenging to precisely capture the variations of the reverberation background. As a result, the performance of reverberation suppression is degraded. To alleviate this issue, we attempt to decompose the matrix formed by multi-ping beamforming outputs in different directions individually. The accelerated alternating projections method is used to estimate the steady reverberation for moving target detection. By exploiting the differences in spatio-temporal dimensions between moving targets and reverberation fluctuations, a weighted spatio-temporal density method with adaptive thresholding is used to further extract the target echoes. Field data were utilized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the experimental results demonstrated its superior robustness in an unstable reverberation-limited environment, maintaining an accurate estimation of steady reverberation.
Insights for a Next Pandemic: An Assessment of Laboratory COVID-19 Safety
Authors: Al-Zyoud Walid , Abu Ismail Hala , Althawbih Haytham , Odeh Bayan , Saket Munib , Al-Kazwini Akeel , Al-Hammouri Fawzi , Dajani Rana
Published: February 2025

In January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, underscoring the importance of safeguarding measures and mental health support for medical professionals due to its serious impact and widespread reach. This study aimed to assess knowledge gaps in safety guidelines and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among staff in medical laboratories, specifically all accredited laboratories actively engaged in COVID-19 testing in Jordan. Data were collected via a blinded, non-stratified electronic questionnaire, with one response submitted from each laboratory through a Google Form. The survey targeted laboratory personnel affiliated with the 40 accredited laboratories handling COVID-19 testing. A validated questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was used to evaluate the knowledge of these laboratories. The findings indicate that workers in certain laboratories exhibited deficiencies in their understanding of safety regulations, quality control, and the proper use of PPE when handling COVID-19 samples. Additionally, the study highlights the increasing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals’ mental health. The demanding laboratory work necessitated by the pandemic can have negative psychological effects on staff. These effects underscore the importance of implementing supportive mental health policies and resources to mitigate psychological impact and enhance the overall well-being of laboratory personnel. Addressing these knowledge gaps, improving safety protocols, and providing adequate mental health support are crucial steps in ensuring the safety and well-being of laboratory staff and enhancing the overall management of future pandemics.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Aerobic Fitness Dynamics in Post-COVID-19 Athletes: Implications in the Return-to-Play Performance
Authors: Lopes Lucas Rafael , Medeiros Rui , Tavares Valéria , Dias Francisca , Amaral Marcus Vinícius Galvão , Goes Rodrigo Araújo , Matheus Guimarães João Antonio , Perini Jamila Alessandra
Published: February 2025

Maximal oxygen uptake (V.O2max) assesses athletic performance; however, its values are inconsistent in post-COVID-19 athletes. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of V.O2max in post-COVID-19 athletes. Observational studies were identified by screening the PubMed database published up to 17 July 2023. The initial electronic search found 320 studies. Of these, 26 employing the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to assess aerobic fitness were selected. Of the 2625 pooled athletes, 1464 were infected and considered as the post-COVID-19 group, either asymptomatic or symptomatic, while the remaining 1161, who were uninfected or had V.O2max results prior to infection, were defined as the infection-free group. Age and V.O2max were differently distributed between post-COVID-19 athletes and those without infection (p = 0.03 in both). Persistent symptoms athletes had 8 mL/Kg/min lower V.O2max than those without infection (p = 0.04). In addition, post-infected athletes who underwent CPET after 12 weeks showed a significant reduction of 2.9 mL/Kg/min in V.O2max according to the increase in body mass index (BMI). The pooled analysis showed that aerobic fitness was reduced in athletes post-COVID-19. V.O2max was negatively correlated with BMI in those who underwent CPET at 12 weeks, suggesting that symptoms persist beyond 12 weeks, affecting return-to-play.
Enterprise Scenario Analysis: A Systematic Framework for Monetizing CO2 Compliance
Authors: Long Wei , Zhan Zhenfei , Hong Cheng , Qian Liuzhu
Published: February 2025

The global automotive industry is currently undergoing a period of radical transformation as a result of the ongoing electrification of automobiles. China has established rigorous energy-saving and emission-reduction targets and regulations. Consequently, the automotive industry must take into account the limitations of carbon emission reduction and carbon trading when formulating major business strategies. A related question is how “internal incentives” should be set to maximize the variable profitability of automotive companies while meeting compliance constraints. In response, in this study, a unified and mutually consistent modeling framework for enterprise scenario analysis is proposed to align the product portfolio within an enterprise. Firstly, a game model of the new energy vehicle market is proposed to forecast general trends and provide forward-looking inputs for firms to develop business plans. Next, this paper proposes a framework for monetizing CO2 compliance using the Pigovian tax/subsidy concept. The equilibrium is achieved through the imposition of a tax or subsidy by the company on each of its internal models. Utilizing historical data from A Motors, we clearly illustrate how our approach works and demonstrate its consistency with observations of the new energy vehicle market.