bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Withdrawal Notice: Review: Emerging Role of Nanosuspensions for Drug Delivery and Stability
Authors: Dewangan Hitesh Kumar , Yadav Brijesh , Jha Manas Kumar
Published: April 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Nanomaterials due to incoherent content and language inconsistencies.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneous-ly submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submit-ting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Nano Science-process Intensification for the Extraction of Phenolic Compound
from a Natural Source with Stirred Batch Extraction Techniques
Authors: Shewale Sandeep P. , Salunkhe Pratibha , Bhoyar Priya , Zope Rupesh
Published: April 2021

Background::

The phenolic compounds are normally originating in together edible and
nonedible plants, and they have been described several nanoscience based biological properties,
containing antioxidant movement. The phenolic compound is present in fruits, vegetables, leaves,
tea, coffee, peels, wine, etc. Also, the obtained phenolic compounds from therapeutic herbs and nutritional
plants include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins and other. In a corresponding path from
last two decades, nanoscience has wide application in extraction of bioactive components from various
natural resources. Furthermore, nanomaterials have made significant contribution for the improvement
of analytical techniques towards the collective objective to develop analytical recital
and sustainability to developing new techniques for maintain the superiority assurance of food and
beverages.

Methods::

In modern years, extraction and refining of bioactive composites as of natural sources
proven excessive attention as they are used in various sectors such as foodstuffs, perfumery, cosmetics,
paints and medicinal. Hence, separation of natural products and identification of new natural
sources of bioactive compounds have increased methodical and industrialized significance. As
the extraction and purification of these bioactive composites are the main steps to come across the
rising demands.

Results::

The investigational outcomes confirm that the extracted phenolic compounds were maximally
concentrated of 0.101 and 0.126 mg of GAE/g at speed of agitation (rpm) temperature°C respectively.

Conclusion::

In this study extraction of the phenolic compound was carried out from the Citrus Sinensis
(Orange) powder by the stirred batch extraction and comparison with the traditional soxhlet
extraction techniques.
Intrastate Warfare
Authors:   CASIS Vancouver
Published: April 2021

On October 15th, 2020, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS) Vancouver hosted its sixth Digital Roundtable event of the year, Intrastate Warfare. The presentation was conducted by guest speaker Dr. Arjun Chowdhury, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of British Columbia.

Dr. Chowdhury’s presentation delivered a historical overview of types of conflicts, and a brief analysis on the patterns of conflicts and whether they have changed over a period of approximately 200 years, with a particular focus on the last 50 years. He described two types of war, interstate and intrastate, mentioning trends in intrastate war and the contrast to interstate war, as well as the consequences to life expectancy and infrastructure in the regions affected by intrastate wars. Subsequently, Dr. Chowdhury answered questions submitted by the attendees, which elaborated on the concepts of interstate and intrastate wars, using current examples such as, COVID-19, right-wing extremism, cybercrimes, and foreign aid.

APA Citation

CASIS Vancouver. (2020). Intrastate warfare. The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare, 3(2), 66-71. https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/2411/1814.
Detecting and Combating Deep Fakes
Authors: Farid Hany
Published: April 2021

On November 24, 2020, Dr. Hany Farid presented Detecting and Combating Deep Fakes at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a group panel for questions and answers. Main discussion topics included deep fakes, their contribution to misinformation, and the challenges in detecting them.
Wahrnehmungen und Überzeugungen zum Ausspracheunterricht im Fach Dänisch
Authors: Bösche Alessa
Published: April 2021

Die Aussprache bildet den bisher am wenigsten unterstützen Bereich im schulischen Dänischunterricht. Diese Arbeit ermittelt daher, unter welchen Voraussetzungen Ausspracheförderung im Dänischunterricht stattfinden
kann und welche Bedarfe vorhanden sind. Dazu wurden sechs Dänischlehrkräfte in Interviews zu ihren Wahrnehmungen und Überzeugungen zum Ausspracheunterricht befragt. Nach einer qualitativen Auswertung deuten die
Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass einige Wahrnehmungen und Überzeugungen der befragten Lehrkräfte mit dem aktuellen Forschungsstand zu Aussprache und Ausspracheunterricht, sowie den curricularen Vorgaben des Landes
Schleswig-Holstein übereinstimmen, es jedoch besonders in Hinblick auf Material und Methoden Bedarfe gibt, die in Zukunft gedeckt werden sollten.
A Gamified Smartphone-Based Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Lukas Christian Aljoscha , Eskofier Bjoern , Berking Matthias
Published: April 2021

Background

Available smartphone-based interventions for depression predominantly use evidence-based strategies from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), but patient engagement and reported effect sizes are small. Recently, studies have demonstrated that smartphone-based interventions combining CBT with gamified approach-avoidance bias modification training (AAMT) can foster patient engagement and reduce symptoms of several mental health problems.

Objective

Based on these findings, we developed a gamified smartphone-based intervention, mentalis Phoenix (MT-Phoenix), and hypothesized the program would both engage patients and produce preliminary evidence for the reduction of depressive symptoms.

Methods

To test this hypothesis, we evaluated MT-Phoenix in a randomized controlled pilot trial including 77 individuals with elevated depression scores (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores ≥5). Participants were either instructed to train for 14 days with MT-Phoenix or assigned to a waitlist control condition. Engagement with the intervention was measured by assessing usage data. The primary outcome was reduction in depressive symptom severity at postassessment.

Results

Data from this pilot trial shows that participants in the intervention group used the smartphone-based intervention for 46% of all days (6.4/14) and reported a significantly greater reduction of depressive symptoms than did participants in the control condition (F1,74=19.34; P=.001), with a large effect size (d=1.02). Effects were sustained at a 3-month follow-up.

Conclusions

A gamified smartphone-based intervention combining CBT with AAMT may foster patient engagement and effectively target depressive symptoms. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in a phase 3 trial using clinical samples. Moreover, the intervention should be compared to active control conditions.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trial Registry DRKS00012769; https://tinyurl.com/47mw8du7
Social Media Polarization and Echo Chambers in the Context of COVID-19: Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jiang Julie , Ren Xiang , Ferrara Emilio
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Social media chatter in 2020 has been largely dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Existing research shows that COVID-19 discourse is highly politicized, with political preferences linked to beliefs and disbeliefs about the virus. As it happens with topics that become politicized, people may fall into echo chambers, which is the idea that one is only presented with information they already agree with, thereby reinforcing one’s confirmation bias. Understanding the relationship between information dissemination and political preference is crucial for effective public health communication.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to study the extent of polarization and examine the structure of echo chambers related to COVID-19 discourse on Twitter in the United States.

METHODS

First, we presented Retweet-BERT, a scalable and highly accurate model for estimating user polarity by leveraging language features and network structures. Then, by analyzing the user polarity predicted by Retweet-BERT, we provided new insights into the characterization of partisan users.

RESULTS

We observed that right-leaning users were noticeably more vocal and active in the production and consumption of COVID-19 information. We also found that most of the highly influential users were partisan, which may contribute to further polarization. Importantly, while echo chambers exist in both the right- and left-leaning communities, the right-leaning community was by far more densely connected within their echo chamber and isolated from the rest.

CONCLUSIONS

We provided empirical evidence that political echo chambers are prevalent, especially in the right-leaning community, which can exacerbate the exposure to information in line with pre-existing users’ views. Our findings have broader implications in developing effective public health campaigns and promoting the circulation of factual information online.
Early Experience With Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Survival Analysis and Descriptive Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jarrett Mark , Licht Warren , Bock Kevin , Brown Zenobia , Hirsch Jamie , Coppa Kevin , Brar Rajdeep , Bello Stephen , Nash Ira
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAB) therapies may benefit patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 at high risk for progressing to severe COVID-19 or hospitalization. Studies documenting approaches to deliver MAB infusions and demonstrating their efficacy are lacking.

OBJECTIVE

We describe our experience and the outcomes of almost 3000 patients who received MAB infusion therapy at Northwell Health, a large integrated health care system in New York.

METHODS

This is a descriptive study of adult patients who received MAB therapy between November 20, 2020, to January 31, 2021, and a retrospective cohort survival analysis comparing patients who received MAB therapy prior to admission versus those who did not. A multivariable Cox model with inverse probability weighting according to the propensity score including covariates (sociodemographic, comorbidities, and presenting vital signs) was used. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality; additional evaluations included emergency department use and hospitalization within 28 days of a positive COVID-19 test for patients who received MAB therapy.

RESULTS

During the study period, 2818 adult patients received MAB infusion. Following therapy and within 28 days of a COVID-19 test, 123 (4.4%) patients presented to the emergency department and were released, and 145 (5.1%) patients were hospitalized. These 145 patients were compared with 200 controls who were eligible for but did not receive MAB therapy and were hospitalized. In the MAB group, 16 (11%) patients met the primary outcome of in-hospital mortality, versus 21 (10.5%) in the control group. In an unadjusted Cox model, the hazard ratio (HR) for time to in-hospital mortality for the MAB group was 1.38 (95% CI 0.696-2.719). Models adjusting for demographics (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.53-2.23), demographics and Charlson Comorbidity Index (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.573-2.59), and with inverse probability weighting according to propensity scores (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.619-2.29) did not demonstrate significance. The hospitalization rate was 4.4% for patients who received MAB therapy within 0 to 4 days, 5% within 5 to 7 days, and 6.1% in ≥8 days of symptom onset (P=.15).

CONCLUSIONS

Establishing the capability to provide neutralizing MAB infusion therapy requires substantial planning and coordination. Although this therapy may be an important treatment option for early mild to moderate COVID-19 in patients who are at high risk, further investigations are needed to define the optimal timing of MAB treatment to reduce hospitalization and mortality.
Machine learning methods for predicting postpartum depression: A scoping review (Preprint)
Authors: Saqib Kiran , Khan Amber Fozia , Butt Zahid Ahmad
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Machine learning (ML) offers vigorous statistical and probabilistic techniques that can successfully predict certain clinical conditions using large volumes of data. A review of ML and big data research analytics in maternal depression is pertinent and timely given the rapid technological developments in recent years.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to synthesize the literature on machine learning and big data analytics for maternal mental health, particularly the prediction of postpartum depression (PPD).

METHODS

A scoping review methodology using the Arksey and O’Malley framework was employed to rapidly map the research activity in the field of ML for predicting PPD. A literature search was conducted through health and IT research databases, including PsycInfo, PubMed, IEEE Xplore and the ACM Digital Library from Sep 2020 till Jan 2021. Data were extracted on the article’s ML model, data type, and study results.

RESULTS

A total of fourteen (14) studies were identified. All studies reported the use of supervised learning techniques to predict PPD. Support vector machine (SVM) and random forests (RF) were the most commonly employed algorithms in addition to naïve Bayes, regression, artificial neural network, decision trees and extreme gradient boosting. There was considerable heterogeneity in the best performing ML algorithm across selected studies. The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) values reported for different algorithms were SVM (Range: 0.78-0.86); RF method (0.88); extreme gradient boosting (0.80); logistic regression (0.93); and extreme gradient boosting (0.71) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

ML algorithms are capable of analyzing larger datasets and performing more advanced computations, that can significantly improve the detection of PPD at an early stage. Further clinical-research collaborations are required to fine-tune ML algorithms for prediction and treatments. ML might become part of evidence-based practice, in addition to clinical knowledge and existing research evidence.
Is Medicaid expansion associated with increases in palliative treatments for metastatic cancer?
Authors: Cole Alexander P , Lipsitz Stuart R , Kibel Adam S , Mahal Brandon A , Melnitchouk Nelya , Cooper Zara , Trinh Quoc-Dien
Published: April 2021

Background:
Medicaid expansion following the 2010 Affordable Care Act has an unknown impact on palliative treatments.
Materials & methods:
This registry-based study of individuals with metastatic cancer from 2010 to 2016 identified men and women with metastatic cancer in expansion and non-expansion states who received palliative treatments. A mixed effects logistic regression compared trends in expansion and non-expansion states and generated risk-adjusted probabilities or receiving palliative treatments each year.
Results:
Despite lower baseline use of palliative treatments, the rate of change was more rapid in expansion states (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.03; p < 0.001). The adjusted probability of receiving palliative treatments rose from 21.3 to 26.0% in non-expansion states, and from 19.7 to 26.9% in expansion states.
Conclusion:
Use of palliative treatments among metastatic cancer patients increased from 2010 to 2016 with a significantly greater increase in Medicaid expansion states, even when adjusting for demographic differences between states.
Uneasy riders: contradictorias lógicas disciplinarias para una posición laboral imposible
Authors: Revilla Juan Carlos , Blázquez Martín Víctor
Published: April 2021

En esta investigación analizamos las lógicas disciplinarias y formas de control organizacional existentes en el reparto de comida a domicilio bajo la economía de plataforma. La situación laboral de los repartidores o “riders” supone un cambio significativo en las formas en que se desarrolla este proceso y en las lógicas organizacionales que definen su posición. Estos trabajadores están sometidos a distintos mecanismos disciplinarios que contribuyen a asegurar su buen desempeño, tanto mediante el control algorítmico, como a través de una gestión de la subjetividad que discursivamente enfatiza la flexibilidad y autonomía. Este es precisamente el factor disruptivo en el ámbito laboral que estas plataformas reclaman. Sin embargo, el carácter contradictorio de esas lógicas disciplinarias dibuja una situación que parece imposible, o al menos bastante difícil, de vivir, lo que les convierte en trabajadores incómodos (uneasy riders).
Studi Kualitatif Gangguan Pendengaran Akibat Bising / Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) Pada Marshaller Di Bandar Udara Sultan Thaha Kota Jambi Tahun 2020
Authors: Armia Putri Bella , Halim Rd. , Suryani Nasution Helmi
Published: April 2021

Kebisingan merupakan salah satu sumber penyebab terjadinya gangguan pendengaran terhadap manusia. Bandar udara dapat menimbulkan kebisingan sebagai hasil dari pencemaran melalui aktivitas lalulintas penerbangan. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran tingkat kebisingan dengan alat ukur sound level meter menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat kebisingan yang dihasilkan di area apron Bandar Udara Sultan Thaha Kota Jambi sebesar 91,4 dB. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran gangguan pendengaran akibat bising pada marshaller di Bandar Udara Sultan Thaha Kota Jambi tahun 2020. Penelitian dilakukan dengan observasional menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh 2 dari 3 marshaller yang merupakan informan utama dalam penelitian mengalami gangguan pendengaran. 1 dari 2 informan tersebut mengalami gangguan pendengaran akibat bising pada kedua telinganya, sedangkan informan lainnya mengalami gangguan pendengaran akibat bising di telinga sebelah kanan. Informan tidak mengalami gangguan pendengaran akibat bising (telinga normal). Pencegahan hanya dapat dilakukan melalui penggunaan alat pelindung diri terhadap pekerja tetapi masih kurangnya kedisiplinan dalam menerapakan penggunaan APD tersebut.

Kata Kunci: Bandar Udara, Gangguan Pendengaran, Kebisingan.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tunggakan pajak kendaraan bermotor Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat (studi kasus: Kecamatan Tungkal Ilir)
Authors: Oktavia Eymilia , Safri Muhammad , Vyn Amzar Yohanes
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine and analyze: 1) the characteristics of PKB arrears in terms of age, education level, income, and motor vehicle tax service system (PKB) in Tungkal Ilir District and 2). The influence of age, education level, income, and motor vehicle tax service system (PKB) on motor vehicle tax arrears in Tungkal Ilir District. The data analysis method used in this study used descriptive analysis and regression analysis, models. Based on the results of the study, it was obtained: years, the average level of education of respondents is SMA / equivalent and the average monthly income/income is Rp. 2,486,000. Age (U) has a positive and significant effect on motor vehicle tax arrears, while education level (TP), income (P), and tax service system (SP) have a negative effect. and significant to the Motor Vehicle Tax arrears in Tungkal Ilir District, either jointly or partially.
Keywords: Tax arrears, Motor vehicles, Multiple regression analysis
Study komperasi struktur ekonomi Negara ASEAN
Authors: Syaparuddin Syaparuddin , Rahmadi Selamet , Yusnita Yusnita
Published: April 2021

This study aims to analyze: 1) changes in the economic structure of ASEAN countries; 2) comparison of the economic structure of ASEAN countries. The data used in this research is secondary data which includes 2000-2016 time-series data and 10 countries cross-sections. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that changes in the economic structure of ASEAN countries from 2000 to 2016 fluctuated each year. It can be seen from the GDP data on the average contribution of sectors based on business fields and based on shifting sub-sectors, namely the agricultural sector, the industrial sector, and the service sector. From the economic structure of ASEAN countries apart from (Singapore) for the agricultural sector, the largest contribution was Myanmar 40.55%, and the lowest contribution was Brunei Darussalam 0.89%. For the industrial sector, the largest contribution was Brunei Darussalam 66.79%, and the lowest contribution was Myanmar 23.22%. The service sector with the largest contribution was the Philippines at 54.91%, and the lowest contribution was Brunei Darussalam 32.31%.

Keywords: Leading sector, Shift-share, Economic Structure, GDP
Editorial: A multidimensional landscape of corporate governance research
Authors: Perényi Áron
Published: April 2021

The current issue of Corporate Ownership and Control presents 16 articles focussing on five topic areas: corporate governance, audit and compliance, firm performance and efficiency, diversity and ethics, and public finance and fiscal policy.
Future Land-use Changes in the transboundary Sio-Malaba-Malakisi Basin of East Africa: Simulations using the CLUE-S model and Classified Satellite Land Cover Datasets
Authors: Atonya Stanley , OLANG Luke , Morara Lewis
Published: April 2021

A comprehensive undertanding of land-use/cover(LUC) change processes,
their trends and future trajectories is essential for the development of
sustainable land-use management plans. While contemporay tools can today
be employed to monitor historical land-cover changes, prediction of
future change trajectories in most rural agro-ecological landscapes
remains a challenge. This study evaluated potential LUC changes in the
transboundary Sio-Malaba-Malakisi River Basin of Kenya and Uganda for
the period 2017-2047. The land use change drivers were obtained through
a rigorous fieldwork procedure and the Logistic Regression Model (LGM)
to establish key factors for the simulation. The CLUE-S model was
subsequently adapted to explore future LUC change trajectories under
different scenarios. The model was validated using historical land cover
maps for the period of 2008 and 2017, producing overall accuracy result
of 85.7% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.78. The spatial distribution of
vegetation cover types could be explained partially by proximate factors
like soil cation exchange capacity, soil organic carbon and soil pH. On
the other hand, built-up areas were mainly influenced by population
density. Under the afforestation scenario, areas under forest cover
expanded further occupying 54.7% of the basin. Conversely, under the
intense agriculture scenario, cropland and pasture cover types occupied
78% of the basin. However, in a scenario where natural forest and
wetlands were protected, cropland and pasture only expanded by 74%. The
study successfully outlined proximate land cover change drivers,
including potential future changes and could be used to support the
development of sustainable long-term transboundary land-use plans and
policy.
Relevance of animal infections in SARS-Cov-2 spread: an update after 1 year of pandemic.
Authors: Sara Frazzini , Massimo Amadori , Turin Lauretta , Riva Federica
Published: April 2021

In December 2019, several cases of pneumonia caused by a novel
Coronavirus, later identified as SARS-CoV-2, were detected in the
Chinese city of Wuhan. Due to its rapid, worldwide spread, on 11 March
2020 the World Health Organization declared a pandemic state. Since this
new virus is genetically similar to the coronaviruses of bats, it was
thought to have a zoonotic origin. Within a year of the appearance of
SARS-CoV-2, several cases of infection were also reported in animals,
suggesting animal-to-human and animal-to-animal transmission within
mammals. Natural infection has been found in both companion and captive
animals such as lions, tigers and gorillas. Among farm animals, the only
ones found to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection so far are minks.
Experimental infections have documented the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2
of several animal species, such as humanized mice, hamsters, cats, dogs,
ferrets, racoon dogs, cattle and non-human primates. Experimental
infections are crucial for both elucidation of the role of animals in
transmission and development of appropriate animal models for
pathogenesis and therapy studies. This review aims to update the
knowledge on natural and experimental SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals.
Prey life history influences the evolution of egg mass and reproductive investment in a group of insect predators
Authors: Hemptinne Jean-Louis , Lecompte Emilie , Sentis Arnaud , Dixon Anthony , Magro Alexandra
Published: April 2021

1. The balance between risk and benefit of exploiting resources drives
life history evolution. Predators are naturally recognized as major
drivers of the life history evolution of their prey. The concept of an
evolutionary arms race posits that prey also influence the life history
evolution of their predators. There is far more evidence on the role of
predators than of prey. 2. The goal of this study was to investigate the
role of prey in life history evolution of predators using ladybird
beetle predators either of aphids or coccids. These particular organisms
were chosen because literature shows that the pace of life of aphids is
faster than that of coccids and this difference is reflected in the life
histories of the ladybirds that specialize on feeding on aphids or
coccids. 3. Thirty-four species of ladybird predators of aphids and
eight of coccids belonging to five different tribes were collected and
reared in the laboratory. The females were weighed as well as their
eggs, and their reproductive investment calculated as the number of
ovarioles multiplied by the average mass of an egg. Phylogenetic
relatedness was controlled for in the statistical analyses. 4.
Controlling for female mass revealed that ladybird predators of aphids
lay bigger eggs and have a higher reproductive investment than ladybird
predators of coccids. These differences are not influenced by
phylogenetic relatedness but only by the type of prey. We suggest that
ladybird predators of coccids lay smaller eggs because neonate larvae do
not have to search, catch and subdue prey, and that they have a smaller
reproductive investment because they need to allocate more resources to
locate prey. 5. Recognizing the influence of prey on the life history
evolution of predators is important for understanding food web dynamics.
Interaction of landscape space and indoors in architecture of the open-air concert hall “Mitava”
Authors: Grietena Aija
Published: April 2021

In the search for balancing factors in the art of environmental design between architecture, landscape architecture, and interiors needed to improve interdisciplinary collaborative planning and enhance the psycho-emotional quality of the environment, the study of landscape space-indoor interaction through comparative analysis and inductive reference is continued. On the Latvian scale, the new, 21st-century technological capabilities in the design and production of wooden structures in the architecture of the open air concert hall “Mītava”, constructed in 2019 on Pasta Island. The importance of the structure on the Baltic scale is emphasized by the unique design, which resembles a shell washed on the bank of the Lielupe River, large (<60m) arched timber continuous roof structures and high acoustic characteristics. Original building structures have opened up new opportunities for interaction between landscape space and indoor space, creating a broad, spatial synthesis. The realization of an artistically stylistic concept in the open-air concert hall “Mītava”, which is subordinated to the existing landscape space and supplemented with appropriate greenery, is considered a valuable contribution to the urban environment. The specific case study analyzed in detail underlines the importance of successful interdisciplinary collaboration in the harmonious interaction between landscape space and indoor.
Feasibility of Simplification From a Basal-Bolus Insulin Regimen to a Fixed-Ratio Formulation of Basal Insulin Plus a GLP-1RA or to Basal Insulin Plus an SGLT2 Inhibitor: BEYOND, a Randomized, Pragmatic Trial
Authors: Giugliano Dario , Longo Miriam , Caruso Paola , Di Fraia Rosa , Scappaticcio Lorenzo , Gicchino Maurizio , Petrizzo Michela , Bellastella Giuseppe , Maiorino Maria Ida , Esposito Katherine
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

BEYOND trial evaluated the feasibility of either basal insulin plus glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) or basal insulin plus sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) to replace a full basal-bolus insulin (BBI) regimen in participants with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants were randomized (1:1:1) to: 1) intensification of the BBI regimen (n = 101), 2) fixed ratio of basal insulin plus GLP-1RA (fixed-combo group; n = 102), and 3) combination of basal insulin plus SGLT2i (gliflo-combo group; n = 102). The primary efficacy outcome was change from baseline in HbA1c at 6 months.

RESULTS

Baseline characteristics were similar among the three groups (mean HbA1c was 8.6% [70 mmol/mol]). At 6 months, patients experienced similar reduction in HbA1c level (−0.6 ± 0.8, −0.6 ± 0.8, and −0.7 ± 0.9%, mean ± SD, respectively; noninferiority P < 0.001 vs. BBI), and the proportion of patients with HbA1c ≤7.5% was also similar (34%, 28%, and 27%, respectively; P = 0.489). Total insulin dose increased in the BBI group (62 units/day) and decreased both in the fixed-combo and gliflo-combo groups (27 units/day and 21 units/day, respectively; P < 0.01). The proportion of patients with hypoglycemia was 17.8%, 7.8%, and 5.9%, respectively (P = 0.015). There were 12 dropouts in the fixed-combo group, 9 in the gliflo-combo group, and none in the BBI group.

CONCLUSIONS

BEYOND provides evidence that it is possible and safe to switch from a BBI regimen to either a once-daily fixed-combo injection or once-daily gliflozin added to basal insulin, with similar glucose control, fewer insulin doses, fewer injections daily, and less hypoglycemia.
Assessment of Food Hygienic and Vending Practices among Street Food Vendors in Buea and Kumba City Council (South-West Region Cameroon)
Authors: KG Kaptso
Published: April 2021

Street food vending is one of the major activities in the large informal food sector of most developing countries especially in urban centers. It has become an omnipresent activity especially influenced by urbanization and globalization. Street foods play an important role in meeting the food demands of urban duellers, especially the urban poor though their hygiene is very doubtful. While this development is positive in many ways, it also presents new public health challenges for the urban population. This work aimed to evaluate the basic characteristics of street food services and hygienic condition of the processing and distribution of street food. A cross sectional study approach was adopted focusing on some vending sectors in Buea and Kumba. Random samplings of 80 vendors were used and questionnaires were administered to vendors. The results showed that women dominate street food vending amongst all age groups. Most of street vendors have a low educational level and do not have any formal food safety training which contributed to the unsafe conditions under which the foods were prepared and vended. There were several poor personal hygienic practices amongst the vendors. Only 28.8 % always used aprons; 22.5 % always covered their hair and 18.8% always kept away from food preparation and vending when sick or having a wound. Street foods are good sources of diseases as the government pays in less attention to the sector. The study recommends the creation of food centers, regulation of vending activities by the government and development of training programs to enrich vendors on food safety and hygiene.
La Contaminación y la bioecologia en La zona costera de San Isidro, Miraflores, Barranco y Chorrillos
Authors: Rodenas Seytuque Pedro José
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el grado de contaminación por residuos sólidos costeros que incide con la bioecología marina de las playas de San Isidro, Miraflores, Barranco y Chorrillos. La investigación es tipo Descriptiva- Explicativa, No experimental. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 150 bañistas y visitantes, y por los organismos que habitan en las playas y espigones de San Isidro, Miraflores, Barranco y Chorrillos.Los datos han sido clasificados en una tabla de contingencia para probar la hipótesis, de independencia de criterios, mediante la ji cuadrada. Considerando un nivel de significancia α = 0,05 y 1 grado de libertad cuyo valor tabular es de X2 (0,05, 1) = 3,8416, que luego fue comparado con el ji cuadrado experimental para aceptar o rechazar la hipótesis nula.El valor alcanzado de 14,60 por la ji cuadrada experimental que es superior al valor tabular (3,8416), lo que permite que la hipótesis nula sea rechazada aun nivel de significancia de 5% por lo que se concluye que la contaminación por residuos sólidos que se encuentran en la zona costera inciden significativamente en la bioecologia de los organismos que habitan en las playas y espigones de San Isidro, Miraflores, Barranco y Chorrillos.
 
ABSTRACT
The objective of the research was determine the degree of contamination by coastal solid waste that affects the marine bioecology of the beaches of San Isidro, Miraflores, Barranco and Chorrillos. The research is descriptive-explanatory, not experimental. The sample was composed of 150 bathers and visitors, and by the organisms that inhabit the beaches and breakwaters of San Isidro, Miraflores, Barranco and Chorrillos. The data have been classified in a contingency table to test the hypothesis, of independence of criteria, througth of the chi square. Considering a level of significance α = 0.05 and 1 degree of freedom whose tabular value is X2 (0.05, 1) = 3.8416, which was then compared with the experimental chi square to accept or reject the null hypothesis. The value reached of 14.60 for the experimental square chi that is higher than the tabular value (3.8416), which allows the null hypothesis to be rejected at a level of significance of 5%, so it is concluded that the contamination by solids waste that are found in the coastal area have a significant impact on the bioecology of the organisms that inhabit the beaches and breakwaters of San Isidro, Miraflores, Barranco and Chorrillos.
Keywords: Bioecology of organisms, contamination
Diagnóstico sobre el consumo de bolsas de plástico de un solo uso y su impacto negativo en el ambiente
Authors: E. Borda Benjamin , E. Lahura Nathalie , Iannacone José
Published: April 2021

El objetivo fue diagnosticar el comportamiento de la población en el Perú sobre el consumo de bolsas de plástico de un solo uso. Para la encuesta se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado de 26 preguntas, compuesto de cuatro dimensiones: información primaria, estilos de consumo, conocimiento ambiental y tendencia al cambio. La muestra fue de 1400 personas en forma presencial y virtual durante el 2019. En relación a la información primaria, viven de tres a cinco individuos por vivienda, prevalecen personas con grado universitario y sin instrucción, compuesta por trabajadores independientes, siendo el sexo femenino el dominante, con edad de 20 a 40 años. Sobre los estilos de consumo, los encuestados realizan sus compras en mercados minoristas y en supermercados, acudiendo de una a dos veces por semana, no llevan ningún material para almacenar sus compras y reciben bolsas de plástico de estos establecimientos. Referente al conocimiento ambiental, prefieren bolsas de plástico para trasladar sus compras por no tener costo. Referente al impacto ambiental, mencionan que sí conocen, pero no cuentan con otra opción, recibiendo de seis a 10 bolsas por compra que son dispuestas para la eliminación de la basura. Finalmente, para la tendencia al cambio, prefieren que los establecimientos dejen de facilitar gratuitamente las bolsas, para no contaminar, prefiriendo que se entreguen bolsas reutilizables, y están dispuestos a pagar hasta cinco céntimos de sol por bolsa. Finalmente, se requieren políticas para orientar a los consumidores a l uso de bolsas de plástico de un solo uso.
Competencias del docente universitario para la formación de ciberperiodistas
Authors: Peralta Ortiz Vilma
Published: April 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal identificar las competencias que requieren los docentes universitarios para la formación de ciberperiodistas. En este caso concreto las competencias fueron determinadas en tres dimensiones: tecnológicas, metodológicas y sociales. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, de enfoque mixto y diseño no experimental transeccional. Se emplearon dos tipos de instrumentos de recolección de información: un cuestionario que recogió la perspectiva de 74 ciberperiodistas de cinco medios de comunicación, y una guía de entrevista a siete especialistas y docentes en ciberperiodismo. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el nivel de competencia tecnológica que requiere el docente universitario para la formación de ciberperiodistas debería ser entre “avanzado” y “experto”, lo que implica un mayor conocimiento y uso práctico de recursos tecnológicos poco convencionales empleados en el ciberperiodismo. También se encontró que se manifiesta la necesidad de un docente universitario más comprometido a reorientar su metodología de enseñanza a la realidad del ciberperiodismo. Esto implica que use frecuentemente recursos tecnológicos en el aula, incidiendo más en lo práctico que en lo teórico, que sepa dónde, cuándo y cómo utilizarlos; que emplee métodos de enseñanza basados en casos, proyectos, demostración práctica y el diálogo reflexivo; asimismo, que demuestre conocimiento y dominio del curso; planifique sus clases y no improvise. Finalmente, en torno a las competencias sociales, resulta imprescindible que el docente universitario desarrolle principalmente la comunicación, la asertividad, la empatía y la escucha activa.
DIVERSIDAD Y ABUNDANCIA DE INSECTOS EN PAPA EMPLEANDO TRAMPAS DE COLORES EN CUSCO, PERÚ
Authors: Huamanrayme Gretta , Mamani Catherine , Curo-Miranda Jorge , Yabar-Landa Erick
Published: April 2021

Se evaluó la diversidad de insectos asociados a un cultivo de papa en la comunidad de Huatta (Pisac, Calca, Cusco), Perú empleando trampas de colores blanco, amarillo, verde, rojo y azul. Las trampas fueron bandejas de plástico con agua y detergente colocadas en el interior de los cultivos para determinar el efecto del color de las trampas en las evaluaciones de las comunidades de insectos. Se hicieron dos evaluaciones, una en noviembre y otra en diciembre del 2019. Las identificaciones se hicieron hasta el nivel de familia. Los análisis realizados fueron: ANOVA multifactorial, ANOSIM, escalamiento multidimensional no métrico y SIMPER. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre los colores evaluados y los índices de disimilitud. En total se colectaron 30 familias de insectos asociados al cultivo de papa. Las trampas de colores mostraron independencia en el número de familias capturadas: amarillo 1.47, azul 1.36, rojo 1.35, blanco 1.32, verde 1.21. Se determinó el porcentaje de contribución de las familias colectadas para cada color de trampa. Collembola (10,94), Drossophilidae (9,75), Chrysomelidae (3,75), Phoridae (3,44) and Anthomyiidae (3,13) mostraron la contribución más importante en el análisis SIMPER. Se encontró alta correlación positiva entre los colores blanco con amarillo, rojo y azul.
METALES PESADOS EN EL BIVALVO ATRINA SEMINUDA (LAMARCK, 1819) (PTERIOIDA) EN DIFERENTES ESTADIOS DE MADURACIÓN GONADAL PROVENIENTES DE GUAYACÁN, VENEZUELA
Authors: Lemus Mairin , Cortecía Aurelina
Published: April 2021

Se evaluaron los niveles de metales pesados en ejemplares machos y hembras del bivalvo Atrina seminuda (Lamarck, 1819). Los organismos fueron colectados en la localidad de Guayacán, estado Sucre, Venezuela. Las concentraciones Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe y Zn se determinaron en los tejidos: gónada (G), músculo (M), hepatopáncreas (H) y resto (R) mediante espectroscopia de emisión de plasma de acoplamiento inductivo (ICP-OES). El índice gonadosomático (IGS) presentó diferencias significativas, mostrando su valor más alto en febrero (19,67 ± 0,43) y el menor en junio (13,26 ± 0,43). Las concentraciones de metales presentaron diferencias significativas entre los tejidos analizados; observándose en general una mayor acumulación de metales en el H y el R. Se mostraron variaciones mensuales significativas de los metales en los tejidos con las mayores concentraciones de Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni y Zn entre los meses de abril y mayo. El análisis de ACP determina que IGS está asociado a la incorporación de los metales Estas variaciones mensuales en los metales analizados, puede ser explicado por la biodisponibilidad de estos elementos determinada en parte por los elevados niveles de clorofila a, que es característico el afloramiento en el área nororiental del país y por la variación del ciclo reproductivo de la especie estudiada.
AVES DE LOS HUMEDALES DE LA REGIÓN CALLAO: ACTUALIZACIÓN Y ESTADOS DE CONSERVACIÓN
Authors: Podestá Jorge , Gil Fernando , Liviac-Espinoza Romel , Barona Daniel , Balarezo-Díaz Andrés , Zarate Raúl
Published: April 2021

Los humedales del Callao cuentan con una variedad de organismos de fauna y flora acuática. Estos oasis chalacos (Área de Conservación Regional Humedales de Ventanilla (ACRHV), Parque Ecológico Municipal “El Mirador” y El Humedal Costero Poza de la Arenilla-HCPA) cuentan con un gran atractivo Los humedales del Callao cuentan con una variedad de organismos de fauna y flora acuática. Estos oasis chalacos (Área de Conservación Regional Humedales de Ventanilla (ACRHV), Parque Ecológico Municipal “El Mirador” y El Humedal Costero Poza de la Arenilla-HCPA) cuentan con un gran atractivo para el turismo y la observación de aves. Sin embargo, solo se cuenta con un humedal con categoría de protección: Área de Conservación Regional Humedales de Ventanilla (ACRHV). Si bien es cierto, los otros dos humedales no cuentan con una categoría de protección, existen iniciativas para su conservación. Se identificaron las especies de aves que albergan estos humedales y se contó con información precisa de la avifauna residente y migratoria. Se calculó el índice de similitud de Jaccard para 1) determinar la similitud en la composición de especies entre los tres humedales: ACRHV, El Mirador y HCPA, y 2) calcular la similitud entre las mismas categorías de estacionalidad para ACRHV, El Mirador y HCPA. Las familias con mayor riqueza fueron Scolopacidae (22) y Laridae (14). En cuanto a la estacionalidad, la principal diferencia observada entre los humedales ubicados en el distrito de Ventanilla (ACRHV y El Mirador) y La Punta (HCPA) es en especies residentes (Re), con 55 especies para Ventanilla y 24 especies para La Punta. En relación a la similitud según estacionalidad, la mayor similitud de Jaccard la obtuvieron las especies migratorias boreales, con casi 59% especies compartidas entre el distrito de Ventanilla y La Punta. Los resultados de este estudio muestran la estrecha relación que existe entre los tres humedales del Callao, siendo hábitats compartidos para muchas especies de aves. Se requiere impulsar acciones para la gestión de estos ecosistemas a nivel regional, tales como la creación de un corredor biológico importante en la zona centro de Lima y Callao.
La modernización urbana de Lima a finales del siglo XIX
Authors:   , Esquivel Coronado Jessica
Published: April 2021

Esta tesis tiene por objeto el conocimiento de la modernización urbana en la ciudad Lima a finales del siglo XIX. El objetivo general nos llevó a la necesidad de conocer las políticas que implementaron los gobiernos liberales de turno y saber cuáles fueron las consecuencias de la reglamentación de la ciudad. También a observar cómo los gobiernos centralistas decidieron utilizar el dinero del guano para emprender obras de modernización en la ciudad. Sin embargo, la guerra del Pacífico con Chile significó una interrupción en el proceso de ensanche de la ciudad. La ciudad ingresó en un proceso de reconstrucción. A principios del siglo XX, la falta de un diagnóstico sobre el problema de insalubridad del centro llevó a la Municipalidad a intervenir algunas manzanas donde se presentaban los problemas más críticos. La zona de estudio comprende lo que se conoce actualmente como Centro Histórico de Lima y llega hasta la actual avenida 28 de julio siguiendo el catastro del Registro de Predios de 1897 (Junta Departamental,1897) y el plano elaborado por Ricardo Tizón y Bueno el año 1908 (Ver plano 1.1). Durante los distintos periodos de su historia, a medida que Lima experimentó un cambio de administración y crecimiento urbano, las demarcaciones se fueron transformando desde cinco cuarteles o distritos hasta siete distritos a inicios del siglo XX, todo ello en medio de problemas de insalubridad, tugurización y hacinamiento en el centro. Sin embargo, el Estado buscó complacer a la élite modernizando la ciudad y construyendo nuevas vialidades que permitieran la conexión del centro con los balnearios del sur.
Case report of mesenteric lymphadenopathy in Gaucher disease: rare and benign complication
Authors: Khalili M. , Gholamzadeh Baeis M. , Alaei M.
Published: April 2021

A 10-year-old boy known case of Gaucher disease about 2 years ago was admitted with nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain from 3 days before hospitalization to Mofid Children’s hospital, Tehran, Iran. On the initial examination, no abnormalities were found except for splenomegaly and brief tenderness on the spleen. In secondary paraclinical evaluations (with Ultrasound and Ct-scan), we noticed mesenteric lymphadenopathy in the patient. The lesions remained unchanged and no significant changes were observed in the clinical and laboratory evaluations of the patient during one-year follow-up period. This is a rare and benign manifestation of Gaucher disease, which is usually monitored and does not require any intervention without signs of malignancy or severe space occupying effects
Infantile hemangioma explained in simple terms
Authors: Khachatryan L. A. , Kletskaya I. S.
Published: April 2021

Infantile hemangioma (IH) it is the most common benign vascular tumor in children of the first year, which is based on abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells under the influence of the main pro-angiogenic factors VEGF and FGF. It develops in the first weeks after birth, forming over 3–9 months with regression in the next 3–7 years. Three-quarters of infantile hemangiomas are nodular and are not accompanied by malformations. At the same time, segmental IH is most often associated with syndromic forms. Despite spontaneous regression (in 90% of cases), some forms and localization of IH can lead to the development of complications, local and endangering vital functions. In most cases, the diagnosis is based on anamnesis, characteristic features of the tumor, and clinical course. Additional studies (ultrasound DG, MRI/CT) are necessary in complicated forms and in doubtful clinical cases. The patient's parents agreed to use the information, including the child's photo, in scientific research and publications.