bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation and development of school biological education in modern Russia
Authors: Semenov Aleksandr Alekseevich , Saito Hirofumi
Published: December 2020

Russia inherited the Soviet system of science and education with its advantages and disadvantages from the Soviet Union period. In recent years it has experienced goals diversification as well as the content of school biological education changes. Primary school aimed propaedeutic of biological knowledge; secondary school aimed the basics of biological sciences development; secondary school at the basic level aimed the culture of knowledge of wildlife, natural-shaped and careful attitude development. The goal of the profile school is to generalize, deepen and expand biological knowledge. Moreover it is important to develop research skills and influence on the process of students proorientation in the world of biological professions. The content of biological education focuses on the problems of physical and mental health, healthy lifestyles and ecological literacy development. The authors notice that the construction and structure of the school biology course has changed. The concentric construction of the object makes it complete. A graduate of the basic secondary school receives a relatively complete biological education, which is necessary for his life and further education for professional self-determination. The biology course includes three sections: Living organisms, Human and his health and General biological regularities. The authors mention that secondary school children have Biology classes one hour less in comparison with the Soviet Union period. Both system-activity and student-centered approaches are the key approaches to teaching biology. They aim the subject results and universal learning activities development (personal, regulatory, communicative and cognitive). Moreover that is important to speak about the key competencies, education and socialization of students, the organization of their extracurricular activities, inclusive education and work with gifted children.
Ivanovo Region natural monument «Lake Vazal (reservoir in Yuzha)» characteristics
Authors: Borisova Elena Anatolyevna , Markov Dmitriy Sergeevich , Kurganov Anton Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the ecological research of Ivanovo Region natural monument Lake Vazal (reservoir in town Yuzha). The reservoir is located in Yuzha of the Ivanovo Region, it was founded in 1859 by the overlapping a small river Vazovka with dam filling a formed basin with water. This reservoir was named Lake Vazal. The reservoir was recognized as a natural monument of regional value in 1975. The author describes different parameters of the lake and presents a bathymetric schema of the bottom. The relief of the lake banks is characterized. There are sod-shallow podzolic medium-power, medium sod medium- and low-humic sandy soils on the water-ice scurf on the banks of the lake. The water analysis is made. Meadow, marshy, aquatic and hygrophytic plant communities of this protected area are described briefly. The author has registered 277 vascular plant species from 3 divisions, 4 classes, 64 families and 180 genera, among them 3 species (Sanguisorba officinalis, Lembotropis nigricans and Geranium palustre) are included to the Ivanovo Region Red Data Book. 6 species are rare for the region flora. Populations of rare plant species are briefly characterized. Examples of alien and invasion plant species are given. The lake has a great hydrological and environment-forming value and forms a specific microclimate. The square of specially protected natural area is 42 hectares; the square of secured zone is 67,3 hectares.
Methodical aspects of various biomorphs ornamental plants regeneration study
Authors: Vasilyeva Olga Yurievna , Sarlaeva Inna Yanovna
Published: December 2020

The paper raises the problem of conservation, maintenance, rejuvenation and accelerated reproduction of plant objects in bioresource collections using green cutting propagation. The authors describe experimental methods of herbaceous and woody plants regeneration study in agricultural, physiological-biochemical and morphological directions. In agricultural direction the main factors are the timing and methods of green cutting, as well as the microecological conditions in which regeneration takes place (humidity, temperature of the air and substrate). The physiological and biochemical aspect concerns the use of various growth stimulants, including concentrations and timing for the treatment of unruly cuttings. The reliable positive effect of the growth stimulants in comparison with control natural regeneration can be proved by the t-criteria. The morphological aspect shows features of callusogenesis and rhizogenesis. The most profound analysis is possible when representatives of generic complexes, species and varieties of various ecological, geographical and genetic origin are involved in the experiment. A highly informative classification of callusogenesis and rhizogenesis proposed by N.F. Dovbysh, N.A. Oleinik and G.A. Kudina (1993) is described in detail; in this classification three types of callus implantation are described: circular, focal and continuous, as well as five types of localization and development of roots. Root formation can occur 1) in the zone of the node, 2) from the callus tissue, 3) from the side of the bud and leaf trail, 4) over the entire surface of the internode, as well as 5) mixed (from the tissues in the node zone and from callus tissue). Based on the long-term study of the regeneration of shrub and herbaceous ornamental plants, the authors of the paper propose one more type in the entire surface of the lower cut.
Reproductive features of Festuca rubra L. in different environmental conditions
Authors: Zueva Galina Aleksandrovna , Khusainova Irina Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents comparative results of Festuca rubra L. seed productivity study in Siberia and Kazakhstan. The authors consider the influence of ecological conditions on the organo-educational process of the species. The authors reveal specific features of plants growth and development at different terms of seeding in different ecological conditions. In the first year of vegetation, plants in all variants undergo two phenological phases shoots and tillering. Different planting dates make significant changes in the reproductive capacity of plants. In spring plants sowing apical meristem at the end of the growing season corresponds to the IV stage of organogenesis. The following year in spring, shoots of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th orders also become generative. An optimal method of Festuca rubra growing with maximum parameters of seed productivity was determined. It was found out that during spring sowing the maximum yield of seeds (up to 48 g/m) can be obtained for the 3rd year of life of the cereal. For the 4th year there is a slight decrease (45,4 g/m). With the early sowing date the maximum yield (up to 51 g/m) was obtained only for the 4th year of plant life and a further decrease is observed. During autumn sowing, the first fructification of cereals occurs only in the 3rd year of life and is expressed in the maximum number of shoots and the yield of seeds (68 g/m). Further sharp decrease in such indicators as generative shoots and yields indicates the inexpediency of further preservation of the testes.
Morphology and some aspects of reproductive biology of perennial buckwheat Fagopyrum cymosum Meissn. in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Kadyrova Luisa Ravilevna , Kadyrova Fanusa Zagitovna
Published: December 2020

Fagopyrum cymosum Meissn. is a wild perennial species of buckwheat, which grows in southwest Asia. Despite rather active economic use of perennial buckwheat, only the most general information concerning the morphology and reproductive biology of the species is found in the literature. At the same time, such information could be useful for conducting genetic-selection works. In the case of the introduction of F. cymosum into the territory of European Russia, a comprehensive study of a new species will be required. The purpose of this study is a complete morphological description, identification of flowering and nectar features, evaluation of pollen fertility and seed productivity of perennial buckwheat F. cymosum in the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of the studies, a morphological characteristic of perennial buckwheat is given. The strong branching of shoots and flower-bearing axes of F. cymosum was revealed. It turned out that the structure of the buckwheat flower is characterized by high variability. Flowers with the highest frequency were found with the formula P₅A₈G₍₃₎ (83,3%) and P₅A₉G₍₃₎ (10,7%). Among the anomalous flowers, variants with a variable number of stamens were most often encountered. Perennial buckwheat in the Republic of Tatarstan was pollinated by wild Hymenoptera and Diptera. The sugariness of perennial buckwheat nectar compared to the selection varieties of buckwheat was insignificant, averaged 0,03 mg of sugar per flower. The fertility of pollen fluctuated within 87,596,8%, depending on the weather conditions. The real seed productivity of perennial buckwheat varied from 26,7 to 186,0 seeds per plant. As a result of the study the authors have concluded that perennial buckwheat can be grown in the conditions of the Middle Volga Region as an annual crop.
Patterns in grassland vegetation of Bredinskiy state natural wildlife preserve
Authors: Nazarenko Nazar Nikolayevich , Perlov Yevgeny Dmitrievich
Published: December 2020

The patterns (mosaicity) in grassland vegetation of Southern Ural for Bredinskiy state natural wildlife preserve example have been characterized by a hierarchical continuum concept theory. The multispecies patterns identification has been done by blocks and principal components methods and hierarchical patterns evaluation by multivariate statistics (Cluster, Discriminant Analysis and Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling) and biotopes phytoindication. It has been established that there are two patterns levels parcels (6,0 m) and coenotics (11,0 m) in grassland vegetation. Thus, hierarchical continuum in steppe grassland vegetation of Southern Ural has been confirmed by multivariate statistics. Detected patterns have been classified and its phytochorologic unit has been identified. For patterns informative and dominant species have been also detected. It has been demonstrated that species dominance and its significance in patterns depend upon mosaicity levels. Some non-uniformly scaled ecological factors have been identified for patterns continuum. The principal significance for steppe grassland parcels matter coenotic and phytodiversity factors, for coenotics patterns forming matter abiotic factors too. For Bredinskiy state natural wildlife preserve principal abiotic factors steppe grassland patterns forming are (by decrease) soil calcium regime, soil nitrogen regime, soil acidity, soil mineralization and aeration.
Development features and practical value of introduced species of the genus Sorbus L. in the North
Authors: Skrotskaya Olga Valerievna
Published: December 2020

In the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a collection of plants of the genus Sorbus complex is studied. Currently it includes 23 species and more than 40 samples of different geographical origin, as well as nine varieties. The studied plants are in the pregenerative and generative periods of ontogenesis. The morphobiological features of individuals of different species of mountain ash at these stages of development were determined. Introducers of East Asian origin in the conditions of the North have time to fully complete the cycle of seasonal development and are highly winter-resistant. Plants that have entered the generative period of development form full seeds. Experiments on vegetative reproduction with the use of stimulants of root formation and without them showed a different ability of half-woody cuttings of the species and varieties of mountain ash to rooting. The most promising for further cultivation in cold climates and the selection of decorative and productive forms can be considered species of East Asian and American origin, as the most winter-hardy. Other specimens of S. mougeottii and S. austriaca (species no less interesting as ornamental and fruit plants) should be brought to the test as well as plants of these species should be grown from the seeds of local reproduction.
The degree analysis of hydrobionts response to the content of chemicals in the water of the upper and middle reaches of the Belaya River (Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors: Chaus Boris Yuryevich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the analysis of bioindicator opportunities of hydrobionts of various systematic categories that helps to assess and forecast anthropogenic pollution of the Belaya River (the top and average currents) during environmental monitoring of natural waters of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Hydrobionts were collected and the occurrence analysis (in unit shares) of 30 species of invertebrate animals from groups Pyramidelloida, Littorinimorpha, Pulmonata, Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and 12 species of the highest water vegetation was carried out from 2005 to 2017 in regions of 10 state water posts on the Belaya River. The data from annual State reports on the average annual content of compounds of manganese, nickel and iron, oil products, phenols, nitrogen ammoniyny, copper and zincum were used as hydrochemical parameters during the research. The reliable correlation between some water organisms with chemicals and their connections was defined in the water of the Belaya River. The author also constructs for the first time an indicator range of hydrobionts on decrease extent in their response to the chemicals content in the studied water. Similar approach can be used for recommendations development about the use of biological analyses while identifying the chemicals influencing water fauna and flora.
Food gathering and natural resources use evidence at the end of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic period in the North-Western Caucasus (based on the Dvoinaya Cave and the Chygai Rockshelter materials)
Authors: Leonova Elena Viktorovna , Uspenskaya Olesya Igorevna
Published: December 2020

Complex studies of multi-layer Stone Age sites located in the foothills of the North-Western Caucasus (Gubs Gorge) made it possible to obtain fairly representative collections of archaeological materials including stone and bone artifacts and faunal remains, dating from the end of the Late Palaeolithic to Mesolithic and Eneolithic periods. Large concentrations of terrestrial gastropods Helix sp. shells were found in the Early and Late Mesolithic layers.

Complex studies of multi-layer Stone Age sites located in the foothills of the North-Western Caucasus (Gubs Gorge) made it possible to obtain fairly representative collections of archaeological materials including stone and bone artifacts and faunal remains, dating from the end of the Late Palaeolithic to Mesolithic and Eneolithic periods. Large concentrations of terrestrial gastropods Helix sp. shells were found in the Early and Late Mesolithic layers. These gastropods were the objects of collecting and probably composed a significant part of the primitive communities diet. Dvoinaya Cave and Chygai Rockshelter belong to series of synchronous Mediterranean, Levant and Zagros sites with large concentrations of grape snails in the late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic layers. The data of the use-wear analysis of stone tools, micro-chemical and IR-spectroscopic analysis of the residues on the stone tools surfaces allow to conclude that the ancient inhabitants of the Gubs Gorge collected and processed various plant resources, including wood, grass fibers, resin of coniferous and fruit plants with the purpose of manufacturing and fastening of handles, frames and shafts of arrows. The river mollusks Theodoxus danubialis shells were used for making beads. More than 30 shells with punched or drilled holes were found in the lowest layer of the Dvoinaya Cave.
The spatio-temporal dynamics of resources in ‘wild’ prehistoric landscapes
Authors: Grøn Ole
Published: December 2020

Based on archaeological and ethnoarchaeological data, this paper discusses the spatio-temporal dynamics of the resources in wild prehistoric landscapes, i.e. landscapes not subjected to techniques related to modern mono-cultural agriculture but potentially managed in other ways. The prevailing assumption in the archaeological environments engaged in modelling of Stone Age settlement positions is, that the resources in such landscapes are rather stable and evenly distributed. Such a concept was, however, abandoned in landscape ecology in the mid-1990s because it did not match the observed environmental reality, and replaced with much more mathematically complex models accepting that the different species (plants as well as animals) tend to appear in highly dynamic patches. Updating both the archaeological debate and research initiatives related to modelling of Stone Age habitation areas is therefore long overdue. A central point in this respect is whether the dynamic spatio-temporal behaviour of the resources in these landscapes is so complex that its reconstruction in specific micro-areas, and thereby a precise modelling of potential Stone Age settlement areas, is impossible. The fact, that human cultural groups opposite animal and plant societies often can be observed to behave different in similar environmental situations due to that they have developed different strategies and traditions, does not leave much hope.
Fisheries on Chashkino micro-region archaeological sites
Authors: Lychagina Evgeniya Leonidovna , Sarapulov Aleksey Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

Chashkinskoye Lake is the Kama river palaeochannel. More than 20 archaeological sites are known on its eastern shore. They refer to the Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Middle Ages. We divided all the tools that could be used for fishing in the Stone Age, into the tools directly and indirectly indicative of the development of fishing. We refer to the direct signs the finds of sinkers and ice-splitting tools. We believe that the indirect signs include finds of axes, adzes and chisels that could be used to make boats. To this group we also include liners of composite throwing tools that could be used as harpoon blades. Mesolithic sites with tools associated with fishing were not found. On Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites large sinkers, chisels, adzes were found. This indicates that during the Neolithic-Chalcolithic period, fishing began to play an increasingly important role in the economic structure of the Chashkino micro-region population. In Middle Age settlements fishhooks, leisters, sinkers were found. The main forms of fishing were the spicy fishing, the setting up of nets and individual fishing with fishing rods.
Role of fishing in the final stone age of the Lower Ob region (on the materials of the settlement Gorny Somatnel - I)
Authors: Tupakhina Olga Sergeevna , Tupakhin Daniel Sergeevich
Published: December 2020

The role of fishing in the human history is very high. Though meat is considered to be an important product of hunting, fish has been a basic component of the food system of human groups in different climatic and geographical conditions. This is explained by the fact that groups lived next to water resources (lakes, rivers, seas, oceans) that had a high nutritional value. The first evidence of fishing existence as an independent economic sector belongs to the Paleolithic time, and its further development goes throughout human history, having developed from the simplest forms of fishing using primitive harpoons to modern forms of industrial fishing using a specialized fleet. The period under review, final Stone Age, is characterized by massive use of fishing nets. We assume that this method became a base of effective adaptation strategy, making it possible to develop the Lower Ob area with its difficult climate. The issues raised in this paper involve the role and importance of fishing economy for West Siberian North as well as for ancient economies of the North and Arctic regions.
Anthropological aspect of the artificial skull deformation custom among the Middle Bronze Age population of the Lower Volga region
Authors: Balabanova Mariya Afanasievna
Published: December 2020

This paper reviews an anthropological aspect of the artificial skull deformation which was practiced by the tribes of catacomb cultural-historical community of the Middle Bronze Age of the Lower Volga region and adjacent territories. Craniological series, numbering 207 skulls, was checked for the presence of deformation traces. 81 skulls had the traces of deformation, which is 35,2% of the total number. On average, the percentage of deformed skulls in some burial grounds of the catacomb culture of the Volgograd Region is about 17,0%, but there are a few burial grounds in craniological series where deformed skulls are absent. The type of deformation is identified as annular and frontal-occipital. The analysis of anthropological works of Russian and foreign authors as well as written sources allows to agree with the idea of A.V. Shevchenko that the custom of the skull deformation among the tribes of catacomb cultural-historical community penetrated through the cultural centers of Western Asia. The comparison of deformed and unstrained series of skulls showed that only signs of the cerebral box undergo a change under the influence of the deforming structure in most cases. The deforming effect of the structure on facial features is very weak. When the process of pressure is completed, the skull acquires a tower shape or a shape of a high cone.
Ethnic and administrative borders: from conflict to stability (on the example of Orenburg Region in XVIII-XIX centuries)
Authors: Fedorova Alla Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

Understanding the historical experience of relations between peoples affects the political, economic and cultural sphere of peoples lives. Ethno-cultural and inter-confessional dialogue in the multi-ethnic space is always in the spotlight of researchers. Over the past two and a half centuries more than 50 thousand scientific works devoted to the history of Kazakhstan of the pre-revolutionary period were published in different regions of the former USSR and abroad. Historians of Russia and Kazakhstan, using an extensive documentary base, study all aspects of the interaction of their peoples. As before, the subject of discussion is a multifaceted problem of Russian-Kazakh relations, in particular, the entry of Kazakhstan into the Russian Empire in the early XVIII century. The paper deals with the nature of this connection in the context of cross-border region relations. The author relies on an approach that is free from emotional influence and reflects both negative and positive consequences of the Empires national policy. Colonization of the Kazakh steppe began with the territory of the southern Urals; the paper demonstrates the conflict potential, the confrontation of tsarism and Kazakh society. The author shows on the materials of Orenburg Region that despite all the vicissitudes of history the Kazakhs and the Russian people have developed sincere relations of good neighborliness and cooperation.
Educational policy of the Russian Empire and Kazakh intelligentsia formation on the Orenburg Krai territory in the second half of the XIX century
Authors: Lyubichankovskiy Sergey Valentinovich
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes the changes that occurred in the second half of the XIX century on the territory of the Orenburg Region in relation to the education system in the Kazakh environment. The role of these changes is shown both for the implementation of the imperial policy of acculturation, and for the formation of the Kazakh intelligentsia. The author examined the formation of the Kazakh intelligentsia on the territory of the Orenburg Region as a result of the Kazakh ethnos westernization under the influence of Russian-secular education and public education in this region. It is concluded that with the establishment of the Special Committee for Foreign Education (1866) under the administration of the Kazan Academic District, the Empire took a course toward Russification, which can be interpreted as restricting the cultural identity of the ethnic region and enhancing the use of the Russian language, literature, orthodoxy. The main emphasis was placed on education. The imperial authorities implemented the idea that a single and stable multinational state is possible only if there is a strong ideological base, based on the Russified system of public education. As a result, gradually in late imperial Russia there was a concept of expanding the alien education with the help of enlightened aliens. Gradually a stratum began to form that consisted of Kazakhs who, participating in the cause of education and dedication, supported the government, introduced representatives of the Kazakh ethnos to the expansion of the network of schools, they were educators and teachers. The process of creating schools for aliens implicitly led to the emergence of the Kazakh intelligentsia, which further exacerbated the national Kazakh movement within the Russian Empire.
Archival sources of the Russian Orthodox Church missionary activity history among the old believers of the Orenburg diocese of the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries
Authors: Kamzina Alina Dzhanarovna
Published: December 2020

The historical period considered in this paper is one of the important periods for the economic, political and spiritual development of the Russian state. The Orenburg Region at this stage was a multi-confessional region, where, despite the leading role of the Russian Orthodox Church, both non-Christian and Christian denominations, including a variety of old believers consent and sectarianism, were spread. In this regard, the anti-sectarian missionary activity of the official Orthodoxy aimed at both the old believers and sectarians became particularly relevant. Archival documents in the collections of Federal and regional archives form the basis of this problem study. The paper presents an overview of unpublished sources and their source analysis. The author analyses such groups of archival sources as statistical materials, records of management sources, among which a special place is occupied by the Governors and diocesan reports, documents of personal origin, legislative materials. Among these groups of sources, the most valuable ones are records of civil and spiritual departments. The review allows to conclude about the variety of types of archival documents and their various informative features. The presented classification is not final and can be supplemented.
Materials of white emigrant Church organizations in China as a source on the Orthodox Church history
Authors: Drobotushenko Evgeny Viktorovich , Lantsova Yuliya Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with various aspects of the Orthodox Church history in China on the basis of a rich source materials of white emigrant Church organizations collected in one large file of the Fund 9145 Collections of individual documents of various emigrant organizations of the state archive of the Russian Federation. This file contains correspondence on specific issues as well as various flyers, brochures, newspaper articles, posters, announcements, reports, statements, notes with the characteristics of various aspects of Orthodox history and covers the time period from 1924 to 1936. Articles from the Newspapers Zarya, Gong Bao as well as a spiritual magazine Bread heavenly, etc. deal with the key issues of the transition of the Chinese clergy under the control of the Synod of bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church outside of Russia under the canonical jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate, etc. Unfortunately, despite the considerable interest in the history of Russian emigration in the second quarter of the 20th century in China, as well as in the history of Orthodoxy in the country, the documents of this file have not been widely known, although they are the supplement of the little-known pages of Orthodox history.
«We live in peace and friendship, we have learned to cook beshbarmak»: typological models of interethnic interactions in Samara Trans-Volga Region
Authors: Iagafova Ekaterina Andreevna , Demidov Alexander Nikolayevich
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the experience of study of interethnic interactions in Samara Trans-Volga region on the example of Belozerki village of Krasnoyarskiy District of the Samara Region. Theoretical and methodological approaches were determined by the concept of ethnic boundaries, taking into account differential features in the cultural codes of the contacting groups, as well as some other factors (historical, social, demographic, ecological, etc.) that influence the formation of interethnic relations. The purpose of the study was to identify the mechanism of ethnic groups interaction historically living in the village in situations of interethnic contacts (including contacts with migrant communities), factors determining the formation and maintenance of ethno cultural identity of groups and ethnic boundaries between them, to determine the nature of mutual socio-cultural adaptation of groups. During the study the situation of interethnic interaction in the language, socio-economic and ethno-cultural spheres was analyzed taking into account a historical factor; characteristics of ethnic dichotomies (ethnic markers) were given, mainly on the example of predominant groups of the Russians, the Chuvash and the Mordovians. The results of the study showed the presence of ethnic boundaries, determined by the history of Belozerki settlement, as well as cultural specifics, features of language behavior and ethnic identification, the nature of socio-economic contacts of groups, and determined the change of various models of interethnic interaction during half a century history and their diversity at present. The factors that support the group identity of the Mordovians and the Chuvash are the language, functional in the family and domestic sphere, intra-ethnic contacts in everyday, but more often in festive and ritual spheres. The study is based on archival, published sources and field materials of the authors (2018).
An electronic record as an object of records management: a historiographic review
Authors: Surovtseva Natalia Gennadiyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the main researches of the Russian specialists in records management and experts in related scientific subjects that have been studying electronic records from the moment when this concept was found in the late 1990th till nowadays. The author analyzes definitions of the concept electronic record, studies its features, connected with information environment specifics as well as an electronic medium of information, definition of the main categories of electronic records and indications of their classification. By the beginning of XXI century a concept of electronic record was formed, which was un-contradictory for records management and archival science, its working definition was offered. Scientists think that an electronic record is a document that carries out the same functions and has the same indications as a traditional document. At the same time it was defined that a specific data carrier character and documenting methods put a problem of electronic records typology. The author has also solved a number of urgent problems defined the electronic records structure and recognized its validity. The most actual problems for further studying were designated in the Program. Later scientific discussions were taken place about these questions to a greater or lesser extent, and now they become active in connection with a problem of an electronic records archival storage.
The role and place of holistic information and educational environment at the stage of digitalization of learning and education of the individual
Authors: Bogoslovskiy Vladimir Igorevich , Aniskin Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

The paper presents characteristics and features of the initial stage of education digitalization (DE) in the Russian Federation, due to the further development of information and educational environment (IEE) of educational institutions (EI) at all levels and core changes in the organization of the educational process (EP) with the use of computer electronic communication tools, systems and technologies of training (CECTSTT). Along with the noted advantages of DE, the negative consequences of this process are analyzed. The one that is highlighted is the problem of the students personality education organization as an obligatory component of education in the conditions of network, online, virtualization and cybernetization of education. The authors define problems, features and possibilities of realization of the purposes and the solution of training processes tasks and education of the personality within the human-machine (cybernetic) interaction in systems student computer which, according to the authors, will be aggravated under the influence of further education informatization by means of intensive introduction of modern and perspective computer means (CM). To reduce the risks and challenges of the digital educational environment (DEE) in the organization of students productive education on the basis of General cultural training it is proposed to use the transition from the current IEE to the new conditions of the adaptive capabilities of holistic information and educational environment (HIEE), which is one of the backbone components of holistic pedagogy. As arguments for this proposal outlines the objectives, principles, methods, pedagogy and holistic concept the holistic (holistic) school considers the properties of holistic (systemic-integrative) approach to the layout of HIEE.
Development of an adaptive competence of students majoring in service and tourism
Authors: Gusev Vladimir Anatolyevich , Zatsepin Vladimir Alexandrovich , Zatsepina Marina Yurievna , Lisachkina Valentina Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the training process of students majoring in service and tourism in Volga Region State College. With the introduction of WorldSkills standards into the educational process, the process of students training has changed qualitatively. General competencies come to the fore; they can be combined by a common name-adaptive competence. It is the ability to quickly adapt to changes in the surrounding world that allows students to achieve the highest results in their profession, and this is confirmed by competitions of professional skill at various levels. The paper presents the results of organizational-methodical conditions creation in Volga Region State College for students adaptive competence development. The paper describes methods and approaches of students training for competitions of professional skills according to WorldSkills standards. The basic elements of adaptive competence and methods of their development are considered. The paper describes positive and negative indicators of this competence development, the impact on students social adaptation in society. The obtained training experience can be used in the educational process for other humanities majors, and easily scaled to other educational institutions.
Vector interpretation of students’ residual knowledge assessment
Authors: Makarov Sergey Ivanovich , Sevastyanova Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

Residual knowledge assessment is one of the procedures used in the Russian education system to monitor the quality of education at various levels. Typically, this procedure is considered to be a computer testing of the previously learned disciplines. The analysis of test results gives grounds for making necessary decisions. This determines the importance of reliable, accessible and informative presentation of monitoring results. The paper contains a method of visualization and interpretation of residual knowledge assessment results. The authors think that it is possible to use this method for analyzing the problems of training at the individual and group levels. For statistical information processing it is offered to use a vector form of data presentation. The paper contains examples of using a vector model for estimating the level of residual knowledge in three or more disciplines. The authors propose an approach that solves the problem of test results comparability carried out in various estimation systems. The main conclusions and results can be used directly in the educational process, in the field of education management, in psychological and pedagogical work.
Theoretical and experimental evaluation of pedagogy synergetic direction use efficiency for students’ ecological culture development
Authors: Popov Yuri Mikhailovich , Karnaukhov Harry Zakharovich , Sazonova Natalia Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The study deals with a theoretical analysis of how the system-synergetic direction is developing in Pedagogy. The presence of theoretical scientific and pedagogical works of integral character is noted. However, their share does not exceed one per cent of the total number of publications, and their content is often formalized. In these works universal concepts and definitions of synergetic paradigm are often ignored, and the terminology used does not always meet the linguistic-semantic normative base including Pedagogy. The problem analysis allowed to develop phenomenological models of the pedagogical system structure and its object-subject components. The results of a specially organized experiment that studied the comparative effectiveness of the systematic pedagogical approach elements use showed the feasibility of their application in the organization of a comprehensive didactic and educational support for students ecological culture development. This conclusion is based on the fact that the algorithms and procedures of synergetic pedagogy make it possible to define more clearly the purpose and objectives of the system solution of this complex ecological and pedagogical problem of the post-industrial society. The system approach reduces the probability of teachers and students to use ineffective stereotyped reproductive means and methods of prospective teachers knowledge, competencies, personal and social qualities development and increases the possibility of synergetic programming and design of the educational process.
Organization of educational and research activities of students majoring in biology and ecology
Authors: Semenov Aleksandr Alekseevich , Yaitsky Andrey Stepanovich , Panfilova Ludmila Vladimirovna , Pavlovsky Vasily Alexeevich
Published: December 2020

A strategic objective of school education development at present is to achieve a new quality of educational results by updating its goals, content, forms, methods, means and technologies of education. This includes universal educational actions (UEA). One of the ways of UEA development is encouraging of students to take part in educational and research activities. Natural science subjects, including Biology and Ecology, have a great potential for carrying out educational and research activities. Educational-research activity is a process of developing new knowledge, previously unknown to the students, aiming at the formulation of the problem, nomination of hypotheses, verification of hypotheses and formulation of conclusions. It has a certain logical sequence and consists of several components: 1) motivational-target component involves needs and motives development for educational research, its motivation; definition of the methodological apparatus of educational research: formulation of the problem, formulation of its theme, purpose, object, subject, hypothesis and objectives; 2) content component consists of cognitive (system of knowledge about the object of the research and methods of the research), activity (system of skills necessary for successful training and research activities) and value-orientation (basic national values of the Russian society and personal qualities of the researcher) elements; 3) procedural component is to determine stages of training and research activities, the choice of methods and means to achieve the goal and objectives, testing the hypothesis; 4) effective evaluation component includes formulation of conclusions, presentation of the educational search results, presentation of the research product, evaluation of educational and research activities and reflection.
Research results of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education in 2018
Authors: Repinetsky Alexander Ivanovich
Published: December 2020

In 2018, the team of scientific and pedagogical workers of the Samara State Social and Pedagogical University worked to fulfill the tasks set by the President of the Russian Federation in national projects, in particular in the Science project.

SGSPU, being a pedagogical university, was and remains an educational institution of a humanitarian orientation. In the past year, the university carried out four state assignments of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the field of scientific activity.
Features of the spatial and ontogenetic structure of the Stipa korshinskyi Roshev. (Poaceae) cenopopulation
Authors: Zenkina Tatyana Evgenievna , Ilina Valentina Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

Mathematical methods of analysis of the spatial and ontogenetic structure of rare plant species cenopopulations allow us to reveal organization features of individual plant populations and phytocenoses as a whole. The authors study the features of the Stipa korshinskyi Roshev. (Poaceae) population structure in the Samara High Trans-Volga Region (Sernovodny Shihan, Sergievsky District, Samara Region). Spatial location and age conditions of individuals are determined according to traditional population-ontogenetic methods. The characteristics of the distribution of individuals of S. korshinskyi , taking into account their age, are determined using modern mathematical methods. With the help of the nuclear function, it was revealed that the density of the feather grass individuals in the described cenopopulation varied in the range of 1-3 individuals per 1 m. Analysis of S. korshinskyi individuals location intensity in coenopulation using the square method showed the presence of compacted and rarefied sections. The graphical interpretation of the Ripley function showed that in the studied cenopopulation the plants are randomly distributed. Using the distribution map of the dominant age states it was noted that the generative plants were closer to the periphery of the site. Graphic interpretation of Ripleys cross-function showed that young and mature plants are placed randomly in cenopopulation. Apparently, on the whole, the random nature of the individuals distribution is characteristic of S. korshinskyi cenopopulations experiencing a significant anthropogenic load in the composition of the phytocenoses.
Estimation of rat population (Rattus norvegicus) and reducing their number in the urban environment
Authors: Zorina Anastasiya Aleksandrovna , Kireeva Marina Leonidovna
Published: December 2020

In the paper the authors consider traditional, modern and promising (at the stage of development and testing) methods of urban Rattus norvegicus population monitoring and activities on its numbers reduction. The analysis of rodent population assessment methods showed the absence of a universal method for determining urban rats number, which would take into account both ecological and biological characteristics of the species and the characteristics of a particular city, the territories of which may differ significantly in the ratio of residential, recreational, industrial and other areas. The main recommendation for monitoring organization is to assess the direction of change in the number of urban rats, determine reduction or increase trends of its population. Measures to reduce rat numbers in urban areas are divided into technologies to reduce the capacity of their habitat (preventive methods) and the actual deratization. A variety of deratization methods and its simultaneous using is not enough for complete extermination of rats in urban environment. High ecological valence of the species, peculiarities of human habitat and vital activity (including safety of people and non-target groups of animals) and other factors with low degree of prognosis (predetermination) lead to the absence of effective universal models of rats elimination in the cities of Russia and abroad. According to population biology, the task of reducing the number is not just to reduce it, but to prevent the explosion the moment when generations of young rats come into reproduction (for most regions this is midsummer). Acting on the rat population twice a year (May, July), it is possible to stabilize its number at a relatively low level. The main difficulties in the standardization of measures and preparation of regulations for the control of rats number in the urban environment are listed.
Catalase activity of herbs in conditions of urban environment pollution
Authors: Petukhov Alexander Sergeevich , Khritokhin Nikolay Aleksandrovich , Kremleva Tatyana Anatolyevna , Petukhova Galina Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

Pollutants entering plants cells are able to cause biochemical malfunction, including lipid peroxidation, which leads to the change in antioxidant system activity. Sustaining redox balance in cells is a required condition of plants survival in conditions of anthropogenic pollution. The goal of this research was the investigation of catalase activity in meadow grass, wild vetch, red clover, coltsfoot and chamomile near various factories of Tyumen. Plants were gathered near the highway as well as close to the metallurgical plant, engine factory, oil refinery and accumulator plants. The change in catalase activity in the cells of plants turned out to be species-specific. The decrease in catalase activity was observed in the meadow grass and wild vetch cells, while in coltsfoot, red clover and chamomile both decrease and increase in enzyme activity was obtained. Pollutants from all the examined factories affected more or less on the catalase activity, but the greatest effect was registered near the metallurgical factory, that probably related to high heavy metal concentration in plants. The lowest effect on catalase activity, compared to control, was observed near the highway.
A failed circumnavigation of «Elizabeth»
Authors: Mikheev Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The second circumnavigation, accomplished by the Englishman under the leadership of Francis Drake, followed the expedition of Magellan to one of the most important enterprises of the Age of Discovery. The expedition members who returned with Drake on the Golden hind became heroes and were enriched by the robbery of the Spanish colonies on the Pacific coast of America. However, another ship was able to return to England under the command of Captain Winter. We can judge about his journey, relying on the few reports and diaries of two members of the crew of Elizabeth - notes of John Cook and more detailed notes of Edward Cliff. The Vice-Admirals ship Elizabeth, having lost the flagship of the expedition, was thrown back into the Strait of Magellan and returned to its homeland across the Atlantic, without having made a circumnavigation. The choice of the way back and the refusal to continue the expedition was the sole decision of Captain Winter. Attempts to go along the Brazilian coast in order to achieve profitability by means of trade or robbery led to serious losses among the crew and the prosecution of the Captain Winter. Probably for this reason British studies dont pay any serious attention to the journey of Elizabeth.