bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Measurements of Activation Energies for Surface Diffusion of CO and CO2 on Amorphous Solid Water Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kouchi Akira , Furuya Kenji , Hama Tetsuya , Chigai Takeshi , Kozasa Takashi , Watanabe Naoki
Published: March 2020

The importance of the activation energy of surface diffusion (E
sd) of adsorbed molecules on amorphous solid water (ASW) has been widely discussed in terms of chemical reactions on ASW at low temperatures. However, in previous work, E
sd has not been measured directly but estimated from indirect experiments. It has been assumed in chemical network calculations that E
sd is between 0.3 and 0.8 of the desorption energies of a molecule. It remains important to obtain direct measurements of E
sd. We performed in situ observations of the deposition process of CO and CO2 on ASW using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and deduced the E
sd of CO and CO2 on ASW to be 350 ± 50 and 1500 ± 100 K, respectively. The value of E
sd of CO is approximately 0.3 of the total adsorption energy of CO on ASW, i.e., much smaller than assumed in chemical network calculations, where the corresponding figure is 575 K, assuming approximately 0.5 of the desorption energy. We demonstrated that TEM is very useful not only for the observation of ices but also for the measurement of some physical properties that are relevant in astrochemistry and astrophysics. Using the E
sd of CO measured in the present study (350 K), we have updated the chemical network model of Furuya et al., confirming that CO2 could be efficiently formed by the reaction CO + OH → CO2 + H in the initial stages of the evolution of molecular clouds.
Sunward-propagating Whistler Waves Collocated with Localized Magnetic Field Holes in the Solar Wind: Parker Solar Probe Observations at 35.7 R⊙ Radii
Authors: Agapitov O. V. , Wit T. Dudok de , Mozer F. S. , Bonnell J. W. , Drake J. F. , Malaspina D. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Bale S. , Whittlesey P. L. , Case A. W. , Chaston C. , Froment C. , Goetz K. , Goodrich K. A. , Harvey P. R. , Kasper J. C. , Korreck K. E. , Larson D. E. , Livi R. , MacDowall R. J. , Pulupa M. , Revillet C. , Stevens M. , Wygant J. R.
Published: March 2020

Observations by the Parker Solar Probe mission of the solar wind at ∼35.7 solar radii reveal the existence of whistler wave packets with frequencies below 0.1 f
ce (20–80 Hz in the spacecraft frame). These waves often coincide with local minima of the magnetic field magnitude or with sudden deflections of the magnetic field that are called switchbacks. Their sunward propagation leads to a significant Doppler frequency downshift from 200–300 to 20–80 Hz (from 0.2 to 0.5 f
ce). The polarization of these waves varies from quasi-parallel to significantly oblique with wave normal angles that are close to the resonance cone. Their peak amplitude can be as large as 2–4 nT. Such values represent approximately 10% of the background magnetic field, which is considerably more than what is observed at 1 au. Recent numerical studies show that such waves may potentially play a key role in breaking the heat flux and scattering the Strahl population of suprathermal electrons into a halo population.
Efficacy and Toxicity of Folfoxiri for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huy Trinh Le , Bui My Hanh , Chu Dinh Toi , Xuyen Hoang Thi Hong
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: In recent times, scientists have found new treatments for colorectal cancer patients.
AIM: The study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of triplet combination chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in stage IV.
METHODS: Uncontrolled clinical trial carried on 39 stage IV colorectal cancer patients.
RESULTS: The overall response rate of the treatment was 79.4%. The average progression-free survival was 13.4 ± 9 months. The overall survival rate at 12th month and 24th month were 90% and 76%, respectively. The proportion of granulocytopenia was 48.9%, no grade 3 or 4. Side effect beyond hematology was most seen in hepatic toxicity with 52.5%, mainly at grade 1. Vomiting was 18.3%, all at grade 1. Other adverse event was very low at percentage.
CONCLUSIONS: The triplet combination FOLFOXIRI chemotherapy improves the outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer regarding rate of response, overall survival rate and progression-free survival, and the level of toxicity was acceptable.
Frequency and Risk Factor of Lower-limb Deep Vein Thrombosis after Major Orthopedic Surgery in Vietnamese Patients
Authors: Bui My Hanh , Hung Duong Duc , Vinh Pham Quang , Hiep Nguyen Hoang , Anh Le Lan , Chu Dinh Toi
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a prevalent complication of orthopedic surgery. According in many studies. The incidence of DVT may be up to 50% if thromboprophylaxis is not available.
AIM: The objective of this study was to check the degree of disease, clinical characteristics and analyzed factors in vulnerabilities with lower-limp DVT after orthopedic surgery in a Vietnam teaching hospital.
METHODS: Orthopedic patients who met criteria were recruited at our hospital between August 2017 and June 2018. Ultrasound was used to discovering lower-limp DVT in pre-surgery and 7 days after surgery in all patients.
RESULTS: The incidence of DVT after orthopedic surgery was 7.2%. Patients with older age (> 60) have a risk of 2 times higher of DVT after surgery than normal people (p < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative DVT was higher in immobile individuals > 72 hours (p < 0.05). Patients with prolonged surgical time (>120 minutes) had a higher risk of postoperative DVT than non-surgical patients’ surgery (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: DVT remains a common complication following orthopedic surgery. Older age, immobility status, and surgical time have been found to be risky factors for the development of postoperative lower-limp DVT in orthopedic patients.
Serum MicroRNA Signature as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Marker in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Wade Sarah M. , McGarry Trudy , Wade Siobhan C. , Fearon Ursula , Veale Douglas J.
Published: March 2020

Objective

MicroRNA (miRNA) are small endogenous regulatory RNA molecules that have emerged as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers in autoimmunity. Here, we investigated serum miRNA levels in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and further assessed a serum miRNA signature in therapeutic responder versus nonresponder PsA patients.

Methods

Serum samples were collected from healthy controls (HC; n = 20) and PsA patients (n = 31), and clinical demographics were obtained. To examine circulatory miRNA in serum from HC and PsA patients, a focused immunology miRNA panel was analyzed utilizing a miRNA Fireplex assay (FirePlex Bioworks Inc.). MiRNA expression was further assessed in responders versus nonresponders according to the European League Against Rheumatism response criteria.

Results

Six miRNA (miR-221-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-151-5p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-21-5p) were significantly higher in PsA compared to HC (all P < 0.05), with high specificity and sensitivity determined by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. Analysis of responder versus nonresponders demonstrated higher baseline levels of miR-221-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-151-5p, and miR-26a-5p were associated with therapeutic response.

Conclusion

This study identified a 6-serum microRNA signature that could be attractive candidates as noninvasive markers for PsA and may help to elucidate the disease pathogenesis.
Association of Poverty Income Ratio with Physical Functioning in a Cohort of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Hoge Courtney , Bowling C. Barrett , Lim S. Sam , Drenkard Cristina , Plantinga Laura C.
Published: March 2020

Objective.

To examine the association of income relative to the poverty threshold [poverty income ratio (PIR)] with self-reported physical functioning (PF) in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Methods.

We used cross-sectional data on 744 participants from Georgians Organized Against Lupus (GOAL), and secondary analyses used data on 56 participants from a nested pilot study. Primary analyses used multivariable linear regression to estimate the association between PIR (categorized as < 1.00, 1.00–1.99, 2.00–3.99, and ≥ 4.00; lower PIR indicate higher poverty) and PF (scaled subscore from the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form–12 survey; range 0–100, higher scores indicate better functioning). Secondary analyses summarized complementary measures of PF as means or percentages by PIR (categorized as < 1.00, 1.00–1.99, and ≥ 2.00).

Results.

The mean age of participants was 48.0 years; 6.7% were male; 80.9% were black; and 37.5%, 21.0%, 29.6%, and 12.0% had PIR of < 1.00, 1.00–1.99, 2.00–3.99, and ≥ 4.00, respectively. The overall mean PF score was 45.8 (36.2, 40.7, 55.5, and 61.2 for PIR of < 1.00, 1.00–1.99, 2.00–3.99, and ≥ 4.00). With adjustment, higher PIR remained associated with higher PF scores [2.00–3.99 vs 1.00–1.99: β = 10.9 (95% CI 3.3–18.6); ≥ 4.00 vs 1.00–1.99: β = 16.2 (95% CI 6.4–26.0)]. In secondary analyses, higher PIR was also associated with higher scores for objective physical performance.

Conclusion.

Our results show that higher income relative to the poverty threshold is associated with better PF across multiple domains, warranting further research into multicomponent functional assessments to develop individual treatment plans and potentially improve socioeconomic disparities in outcomes.
Representations of Native Americans in Adamic’s Writing on (New) Immigrants
Authors: Šabec Ksenija
Published: March 2020

This article presents an overview of the attention Louis Adamic dedicated to Native Americans in various written works and public engagements and compares it with his writing on new immigrants in the light of his understanding of the importance of the preservation of immigrants’ identity and issues of integration and nation-building as they relate to American identity. The article also explores the views on interculturaland interethnic relationships in the United States that Adamic drew on in his treatment of Native Americans. Three works in particular will be analyzed: My America (1938), From Many Lands (1940), and A Nation of Nations (1945). The main finding is that Adamic does not deal as extensively with issues related to indigenous Americans as he does with those related to European immigrants. Nevertheless, Adamic does notcompletely neglect “the Indian story”. In some of his works, most extensively in A Nation of Nations, he specifically compares this story to the (problematic) position of African Americans in an American space that was colonized either “by sword or by book”.
Trieste and Louis Adamic’s Transnational Identities
Authors: Enyeart John Paul
Published: March 2020

By examining Slovene immigrant to the United States and world-renowned author Louis Adamic’s effort to mediate between his Yugoslav and American identities, this article helps us to think what having a transnational identity means. By focusing on Adamic’s writings about Trieste and Italy in general, the article shows how he transitioned from being a disaporic leader during World War II to an anti-colonialist from 1946–1951. Examining Adamic’s activist stances regarding Trieste helps us to think about transnationalism beyond a single cross-border movement or an individual’s identity claim at a specific moment. Adamic’s effort to convince the U.S. government that Yugoslavia should control Trieste allows us to see how transnationalism operated as an identity in flux.
Social Engagement and Multiculturalism in Louis Adamic’s Literary Journalism and Documentary Prose
Authors: Flis Leonora
Published: March 2020

The article focuses on those texts by Louis Adamic that, by employing the principles of literary journalism, create an authentic discourse (which is simultaneously subjective and documentary) for the description of both current and past events, and successfully place Adamic alongside more recognizable names in the field of literary journalism. The article also explains the characteristics of literary journalism and identifies the traits of this genre in those of Adamic’s works that involve a multi­culturalist criticism of the homogenizing impact of dominant cultures and reveal a powerful social agenda (Dynamite, Laughing in the Jungle, My America, The Native’s Return, and A Nation of Nations).
Louis Adamič in druga svetovna vojna v ameriški in slovenski historiografiji
Authors: Klemenčič Matjaž , Mrđenović Milan
Published: March 2020

Avtorja v članku predstavljata Adamičevo vlogo v drugi svetovni vojni, v kateri je deloval v okviru ameriških organizacij, kakršni sta bili Commom Council for American Unity in Vladna komisija za narodno obrambo. Pri tem se je zavzemal za upoštevanje etnične raznolikosti ameriškega prebivalstva pri aktiviranju v vojnih naporih ZDA. Adamič je bil tudi vodilni član organizacij ameriških južnoslovanskih izseljencev, kakršna sta bila Združeni odbor južnoslovanskih Američanov in Slovenski ameriški narodni svet. Ker novejša ameriška literatura delovanje jugoslovanskih Američanov med drugo svetovno vojno obravnava zlasti kot problem nacionalne varnosti ZDA, nam odkriva doslej še ne razkrito plat delovanja Louisa Adamiča.
Odmevi Adamičevih del v ameriškem in slovenskem časopisju med letoma 1931 in 1934
Authors: Mrđenovič Milan
Published: March 2020

Članek prikazuje odzive ameriških in slovenskih časnikov, tednikov, mesečnikov in drugih poročil na Adamičeve prve tri knjige, ki so v ZDA izšle med letoma 1931 in 1934. Avtor v članku obravnava tako pozitivne kot negativne kritike njegovih del, pri čemer si pomaga z Adamičevimi knjigami, s spomini, korespondenco in strokovnimi članki, ki so se ukvarjali z njegovima pisanjem in delovanjem. Primerja odzive bralcev in jih sooča z relevantnimi spoznanji in zgodovinskimi dejstvi ter dostopnim arhivskim gradivom. Članek prikaže, kako se je Adamič na začetku literarnega razvoja počasi spreminjal v poznavalca priseljenskih tematik.
Migration and Development Organizations: The Diversification of Civil Society in Spain
Authors: Lacomba Joan , Aboussi Mourad
Published: March 2020

The conjunction between the last few decades’ public policy changes and the impact of the growth of immigration in Spain has had a transformative effect on the third sector. The government trend toward outsourcing the management of international development cooperation programs and social services has shifted much of the state’s responsibility onto the shoulders of civil society organizations. The context has subjected them to tensions and changes in the way they take action and the way they are organized. This article, based on two research projects, explores the adaptations and new forms of relationships among the main actors involved in the field of migration and development.
Mobility and Identity in the Art and Literature of Etel Adnan
Authors: Zarif Keyrouz Laure
Published: March 2020

This article is based on a literary reading of two books by Etel Adnan: In the Heart of the Heart of Another Country and Of Cities & Women (Letters to Fawwaz), and on an interview that the author personally conducted with her in 2018. It examines Adnan’s sense of nomadism in her art and literature. She is born into a nomadic culture and moves as an intellectual nomad from Lebanon to Paris, and then to California, and finally returns to Lebanon before having to escape due to the civil war. Her nomadism gives her an inspiring openness, creating a state of béance – the freedom from borders postulated by Bouraoui.
Migracijski proces v omrežni družbi
Authors: Lenarčič Blaž
Published: March 2020

Članek obravnava vpliv rabe informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologij na migracij­ski proces. V tem smislu poudarja časovno-prostorsko neodvisno delovanje, ki ga te tehnologije omogočajo. Poleg tega, da tovrstno delovanje povzroča prehod od območne k omrežni organizaciji družbe, migrantom omogoča, da fizično oddaljene izvorne domovine emocionalno in družbeno nikoli ne zapustijo, kar se ne sklada z dosedanjim sociološkim portretom migranta. Na teh izhodiščih prispevek med drugim odpira vprašanje o ponovnem premisleku koncepta migranta, in sicer v pogojih omrežne družbe.
Decreasing Delirium Through Music: A Randomized Pilot Trial
Authors: Khan Sikandar H. , Xu Chenjia , Purpura Russell , Durrani Sana , Lindroth Heidi , Wang Sophia , Gao Sujuan , Heiderscheit Annie , Chlan Linda , Boustani Malaz , Khan Babar A.
Published: March 2020

Background

Management of delirium in intensive care units is challenging because effective therapies are lacking. Music is a promising nonpharmacological intervention.

Objectives

To determine the feasibility and acceptability of personalized music (PM), slow-tempo music (STM), and attention control (AC) in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit, and to estimate the effect of music on delirium.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was performed in an academic medical-surgical intensive care unit. After particular inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, patients were randomized to groups listening to PM, relaxing STM, or an audiobook (AC group). Sessions lasted 1 hour and were given twice daily for up to 7 days. Patients wore noise-canceling headphones and used mp3 players to listen to their music/audiobook. Delirium and delirium severity were assessed twice daily by using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and the CAM-ICU-7, respectively.

Results

Of the 1589 patients screened, 117 (7.4%) were eligible. Of those, 52 (44.4%) were randomized, with a recruitment rate of 5 patients per month. Adherence was higher in the groups listening to music (80% in the PM and STM groups vs 30% in the AC group; P = .01), and 80% of patients surveyed rated the music as enjoyable. The median number (interquartile range) of delirium/coma-free days by day 7 was 2 (1-6) for PM, 3 (1-6) for STM, and 2 (0-3) for AC (P = .32). Median delirium severity was 5.5 (1-7) for PM, 3.5 (0-7) for STM, and 4 (1-6.5) for AC (P = .78).

Conclusions

Music delivery is acceptable to patients and is feasible in intensive care units. Further research testing use of this promising intervention to reduce delirium is warranted.
Prevalence of Coping Strategy Training in Nursing School Curricula
Authors: Cochran Kathryn L. , Moss Marc , Mealer Meredith
Published: March 2020

Background

Stress and burnout are plaguing critical care nurses across the globe and leading to high levels of turnover. Resilience-building strategies such as mindfulness, self-care, and well-being can help shield nurses from the negative effects of workplace stress. As the first line of defense, nursing schools could provide students with strategies that build resilience; however, little is known about the availability of such resources in nursing education.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of resources and curricula targeting resilience training and stress reduction at nursing schools across the United States.

Methods

Raters analyzed publicly available college/ university websites and course catalogs of a sample of nursing schools in the United States to determine the availability of resilience resources and curricula.

Results

None of the schools surveyed regularly screened their students for burnout syndrome, and only 9% of schools had a formal curriculum that included resilience training.

Conclusions

Training in practices to build resilience and prevent burnout is essentially absent from accredited nursing schools. This highlights an important opportunity to modify existing curricula to include preventative strategies—such as developing positive coping skills— that could mitigate symptoms of workplace stress in future generations of nurses.
Effect of Delirium on Physical Function in Noncardiac Thoracic Surgery Patients
Authors: Khan Sikandar H. , Xu Chenjia , Wang Sophia , Gao Sujuan , Lasiter Sue , Kesler Kenneth , Khan Babar A.
Published: March 2020

Background

The effect of delirium on physical function in patients undergoing noncardiac thoracic surgery has not been well described and may differ from that in other surgical populations.

Objective

To determine the effects of delirium on muscle strength and functional independence. The primary end point was change in Medical Research Council sum score (MRC-SS) by delirium status.

Methods

A secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial involving English-speaking adults aged 18 years or older who were undergoing major noncardiac thoracic surgery. Exclusion criteria were history of schizophrenia, Parkinson disease, dementia, alcohol abuse, or neuroleptic malignant syndrome; haloperidol allergy; being pregnant or nursing; QT prolongation; and taking levodopa or cholinesterase inhibitors. Delirium was assessed twice daily using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. Preoperatively and postoperatively, muscle strength was assessed using the modified MRC-SS and functional independence was assessed using the Katz scale of activities of daily living. Changes in MRC-SS and Katz score by delirium status were analyzed using the Fisher exact test.

Results

Seventy-three patients were included in the analysis. Median (interquartile range) MRC-SS and Katz score before surgery did not differ significantly between patients without and with delirium (MRC-SS: 30 [30-30] vs 30 [30-30], P > .99; Katz score: 6 [6-6] vs 6 [6-6], P = .63). The percentage of patients with a change in MRC-SS was similar in patients without and with delirium (17% vs 13%, respectively; P > .99). More patients in the delirium group had a change in Katz score (13% vs 0%, P = .04).

Conclusions

Postoperative delirium was not associated with change in muscle strength. Follow-up studies using other muscle measures may be needed.
Patient-Reported Outcomes Associated With Sedation and Agitation Intensity in the Critically Ill
Authors: Malinowski Ashleigh , Benedict Neal J. , Ho Meng-Ni , Kirisci Levent , Kane-Gill Sandra L.
Published: March 2020

Background

Patient-reported outcomes are essential to understand the relationship between patients’ perception of sedation and clinicians’ assessments of sedation.

Objectives

To evaluate the association between sedation and agitation indexes and patient-reported outcomes of sedation and analgesia.

Methods

This prospective, single-center, observational study included adult patients who were continuously sedated for at least 24 hours in a medical or surgical/ trauma intensive care unit. Patients were interviewed after sedation was discontinued regarding their satisfaction with the quality of sedation and potentially related factors. The primary outcome was the correlation between sedation and agitation indexes and patient-reported outcomes.

Results

A total of 68 patients were interviewed after sedation. Of these, 29 (42.6%) described their overall feelings about their experience while receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit as "pleasant". When asked about their desires if they were to experience the situation again, 29 patients (42.6%) reported that they would want more sedation. Agitation index was statistically significantly correlated with several patient-reported outcomes. Receiving mechanical ventilation (r = 0.41, P = .002), the amount of noise (r = 0.34, P = .01), suctioning (r = 0.32, P = .02), difficulty resting or sleeping (r = 0.39, P = .003), inability to communicate by talking (r = 0.36, P = .008), anxiety (r = 0.29, P = .03), panic (r = 0.3, P = .02), and frustration (r = 0.47, P < .001) were associated with a higher agitation index.

Conclusion

Agitation index was significantly associated with several patient-reported outcomes and thus seems to be a promising descriptor of patients’ experience.
Intensive Care Nurses’ Perceptions of Routine Dyspnea Assessment
Authors: Baker Kathy M. , Vragovic Natalia Sullivan , Banzett Robert B.
Published: March 2020

Background

Dyspnea (breathing discomfort) is commonly experienced by critically ill patients and at this time is not routinely assessed and documented. Intensive care unit nurses at the study institution recently instituted routine assessment and documentation of dyspnea in all patients able to report using a numeric scale ranging from 0 to 10.

Objective

To assess nurses’ perceptions of the utility of routine dyspnea measurement, patients’ comprehension of assessment questions, and the impact on nursing practice and to gather nurses’ suggestions for improvement.

Methods

Data were obtained from interviews with intensive care unit nurses in small focus groups and an anonymous online survey randomly distributed to nurses representing all intensive care units.

Results

Intensive care unit nurses affirmed the importance of routine dyspnea assessment and documentation. Before implementing the measurement tool, nurses often assessed for breathing discomfort in patients by using observed signs. Most nurses agreed that routine assessment can be used to predict patients’ outcomes and improve patient-centered care. Nurses found the assessment tool easy to use and reported that it did not interfere with workflow. Nurses felt that patients were able to provide meaningful ratings of dyspnea, similar to ratings of pain, and often used patients’ ratings in conjunction with observed physical signs to optimize patient care.

Conclusion

Our study shows that nurses understand the importance of routine dyspnea assessment and that the addition of a simple patient report scale can improve care delivery and does not add to the burden of work-flow.
Practice Analysis: Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Nurse Specialist
Authors: Becker Deborah , Dechant Laura M. , McNamara Laura J. , Konick-McMahon JoAnne , Noe Cynthia A. , Thomas Kristen , Fabrey Lawrence J.
Published: March 2020

Background

Standards for advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) licensure in the United States require certification programs to analyze practice in order to document the knowledge and skills necessary for entry-level adult-gerontology acute care nurse practitioners (AGACNPs) and wellness-through-acute-care clinical nurse specialists (AGCNSs). The practice analysis done every 5 years by the AACN Certification Corporation provides research data for use in establishing test plans for certification of APRNs.

Objectives

To describe the development of a survey to collect information on the current practice of AGACNPs and AGCNSs, and to compare the results from practitioners in the 2 roles.

Methods

In 2016, a task force of subject matter experts created a survey of the practice activities and competencies of AGACNPs and AGCNSs. Respondents rated activities and competencies according to their applicability and significance to APRN practice. The subject matter experts analyzed the ratings to determine which patient care problems, skills and procedures, and competencies would be included in the updated certification test plans.

Results

After analyzing the survey responses, subject matter experts retained 135 patient care problems, 45 skills and procedures, and all national competencies for AGACNPs and 123 patient care problems, 56 skills and procedures, and all national competencies for AGCNSs. Both roles involve several of the same patient care problems, skills and procedures, and competencies.

Conclusions

Data from practice analysis surveys formed the basis for developing reliable and valid certification examinations for entry-level APRNs. The information from such studies of practice should inform practicing nurses and students, as well as educators, accreditors, legislators, and regulators, about the work of AGACNPs and AGCNSs.
Activation of β2-Adrenergic Receptor Promotes Growth and Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer by Down-regulating PPARγ
Authors: Zhou Jing , Liu Zhanzhao , Zhang Lingjing , Hu Xiao , Wang Zhihua , Ni Hong , Wang Yue , Qin Junfang
Published: March 2020

PurposeChronic stress and related hormones are key in cancer progression. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its agonists was reported that inducing anti-tumor effect. However, the function of PPARγ in pro-tumorigenic effects induced by chronic stress in breast cancer remains unknown. Herein, we have characterized a novel role of PPARγ and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) signals in breast cancer promoted by chronic stress.Materials and MethodsWe performed experiments in vivo and in vitro and used bioinformatics data to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PPARγ in breast cancer promoted by stress.ResultsChronic stress significantly inhibited the PPARγ expression and promoted breast cancer in vivo. VEGF/FGF2-mediated angiogenesis increased in the chronic stress group compared to the control group. PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PioG) injection offset the pro-tumorigenic effect of chronic stress. Moreover, specific β2-adrenergic receptor (β2R) antagonist ICI11-8551 inhibited the effect of chronic stress. In vitro, norepinephrine (NE) treatment had a similar tendency to chronic stress. The effect of NE was mediated by the β2R/adenylate cyclase signaling pathway and suppressed by PioG. PPARγ suppressed VEGF/FGF2 through reactive oxygen species inhibition. Bioinformatics data confirmed that therewas a lowPPARγ expression in breast invasive carcinoma. Lower PPARγ was associated with a significantly worse survival.Conclusion β2R activation induced by chronic stress and related hormones promotes growth and VEGF/FGF2-mediated angiogenesis of breast cancer by down-regulating PPARγ. Our findings hint that β receptor and PPARγ as two target molecules and the novel role for their agonists or antagonists as clinical medicine in breast cancer therapy
Reforming Islamic Finance for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Tariqullah Khan Tariqullah Khan
Published: March 2020

The paradigm of Islamic economics and finance is guided by the
motivation of comprehensive human development (CHD) and its preservation as
manifested in the objectives of Sharīʿah (maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah). However, the real
world free-market economies are driven by the linear economy paradigm under the
influence of Hotelling’s 1931 famous work concerning the economics of exploiting
natural resources, in which, the ecological environment is not recognized as a resource.
The global financial architecture is designed to protect and preserve the linear
economic paradigm. In practice, Islamic finance has also remained a ḥalāl sub-set of
this system. The resultant social, environmental, and governance imbalances have
recently led to different initiatives sponsored by the UN including the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). Like the maqāṣid, the SDGs also aim at achieving and
preserving human development. In practice, for the first time, a real paradigm shift
from the linear to the ecological/circular economy is noticeably taking place, also
inducing the transformation of the financial architecture. In this paper, in a broader
perspective, we use the CHD and SDGs interchangeably, and discuss a number of
paradigmatic and regulatory reforms that will be required to enhance the actual
effectiveness of Islamic finance in achieving the ideals of CHD, and the SDGs at large.
The paper in fact outlines a wider scope of the potential reform initiatives.
О мере иррациональности $\ln7$
Authors: Bondareva Inna Vasilyevna , Luchin Mikhail Yur'evich , Salikhov Vladislav Khasanovich
Published: March 2020

С помощью интегральной конструкции,
основанной на симметризованных многочленах,
получена новая оценка меры иррациональности числа $\ln7$.
Эта оценка улучшает результат К. Ву, установленный в 2002 году.
Библиография: 4 названия.
Расширенное преобразование Лежандра и связанные с ним
вариационные принципы
Authors: Antonevich Anatolij Borisovich , Leonova Eugenia Urievna
Published: March 2020

Исходным объектом рассмотрения являются вариационные принципы
для функционалов на пространстве непрерывных функций $C(X)$,
записывающиеся как представление функционала в виде преобразования
Лежандра двойственного функционала. Формула преобразования Лежандра
задает функционал на более широких множествах функций, который
называется расширенным преобразованием Лежандра. В работе получено
описание функционалов, представимых в виде расширенного преобразования
Лежандра. Даны приложения к нахождению спектрального радиуса
функциональных операторов.
Библиография: 24 названия.
Об одном обобщении кнезеровских графов
Authors: Bobu Andrei Viktorovich , Kupriyanov Aleksandr Eduardovich , Raigorodskii Andrei Mikhailovich
Published: March 2020

В настоящей работе изучаются графы,
являющиеся аналогами кнезеровских графов. Рассматривается задача
о нахождении хроматических чисел данных графов.
В работе показывается, что введенные графы похожи по структуре
на кнезеровские. Получены верхние и нижние оценки
хроматических чисел исследуемых графов.
Для некоторых значений параметров найдена
точная по порядку оценка хроматических чисел,
в ряде случае вычислено точное значение исследуемой величины.
Библиография: 40 названий.
Параболические уравнения с большим параметром.
Обратные задачи
Authors: Levenshtam Valeriy Borisovich
Published: March 2020

Для абстрактного параболического уравнения с начальным условием
и многомерной параболической начально-краевой задачи
с быстро осциллирующими по времени свободными членами поставлены и
решены обратные задачи о нахождении указанных свободных членов
по некоторым сведениям о частичных асимптотиках решений
исходных задач. При этом свободные члены являются произведениями
двух сомножителей, один из которых представлен
быстро осциллирующей функцией (т.е. зависит
от "быстрого" времени), а второй - может зависеть
от обычного времени, но не зависит от "быстрого" времени.
Рассмотрены три случая: когда в этой паре известен
только один из сомножителей и когда известно лишь среднее значение
быстро осциллирующего сомножителя.
Библиография: 26 названий.
О существовании гомоклинических орбит в неавтономных дифференциальных уравнениях второго порядка
Authors: Ignatyev Alexander Olegovich
Published: March 2020

Для дифференциального уравнения второго порядка
$\ddot x+f(t)\dot x+g(t)x=0$, используя метод функций Ляпунова,
получены достаточные условия существования
гомоклинических траекторий, т.е. решений $x(t)$, $\dot x(t)$,
удовлетворяющих условиям $\lim_{t\to\pm\infty}x(t)=0$,
$\lim_{t\to\pm\infty}\dot x(t)=0$. Отдельно рассмотрен случай,
когда все решения этого дифференциального уравнения являются
гомоклиническими.
Библиография: 20 названий.
Локальная разрешимость и глобальная неразрешимость одной модели
ионно-звуковых волн в плазме
Authors: Panin Alexander Anatolyevich , Shlyapugin Grigory Igorevich
Published: March 2020

Рассмотрена начально-краевая задача для многомерного уравнения
ионно-звуковых волн в плазме. Доказана ее локальная (по времени)
разрешимость в классическом смысле в пространствах Гeльдера. Это
является развитием результатов наших предыдущих работ, где была
установлена локальная разрешимость одномерных аналогов рассматриваемого
уравнения и в общем случае (независимо от размерности пространства)
найдены достаточные условия разрушения решения.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Об одном обобщении теоремы Воронина
Authors: Laurinčikas Antanas
Published: March 2020

Теорема Воронина утверждает, что дзета-функция Римана $\zeta(s)$
универсальна в том смысле, что все аналитические функции,
которые определены и не имеют нулей в правой половине
критической полосы, приближаются сдвигами $\zeta(s+i\tau)$,
$\tau \in \mathbb{R}$. Известны также некоторые результаты
о приближении сдвигами $\zeta(s+i\varphi(\tau))$
с некоторой функцией $\varphi(\tau)$. В статье получено,
что аналитическая функция, не имеющая нулей в полосе
$1/2+1/(2\alpha)<\operatorname{Re} s<1$, приближается сдвигами
$\zeta(s+i\log^\alpha \tau)$ с $\alpha >1$.
Библиография: 13 названий.
О предписанном хроматическом числе
полных многодольных гиперграфов и
кратных покрытиях независимыми множествами
Authors: Shabanov Dmitry Aleksandrovich , Shaikheeva Taliya Maratovna
Published: March 2020

Работа посвящена предписанным раскраскам однородных гиперграфов.
Пусть $H(m,r,k)$ - это полный $r$-дольный $k$-однородный гиперграф
с равными размерами долей $m$, в котором каждое ребро содержит
ровно по одной вершине из некоторых $k\leqslant r$ долей.
С помощью результатов о кратных покрытиях
независимыми множествами установлено, что для фиксированных $k$
и $r$ предписанное хроматическое число $H(m,r,k)$ равно
$(1+o(1))\log_{r/(r-k+1)}(m)$ при $m\to\infty$.
Библиография: 22 названия.
Полунормы, ассоциированные с субаддитивными весами на $C^*$-алгебрах
Authors: Bikchentaev Airat Midkhatovich
Published: March 2020

Пусть $\varphi$ - субаддитивный вес на $C^*$-алгебре $\mathscr A$
и $\mathfrak M_\varphi^+$ - множество всех элементов $x$
из $\mathscr A^+$ с $\varphi(x)<+\infty$. На линеале
$\mathfrak M_\varphi^{\mathrm{sa}}
=\operatorname{lin}_{\mathbb R}\mathfrak M_\varphi^+$
вводится полунорма ${\|\cdot\|}_\varphi$ и дается достаточное
условие для того, чтобы она была нормой. Пусть $I$ - единица
алгебры $\mathscr A$ и $\varphi(I)=1$. Тогда для каждого
элемента $x$ из $\mathscr A^{\mathrm{sa}}$ существует
конечный предел
$\rho_\varphi (x)=\lim_{t\to 0+}(\varphi(I+tx)-1)/t$.
Исследованы свойства $\rho_\varphi$ и рассмотрены примеры
субаддитивных весов на $C^*$-алгебрах. Опираясь на результаты
С. М. Лозинского 1958 г., рассмотрены конкретные субаддитивные
веса на $\mathbb M_n(\mathbb C)$. Получена оценка разности
преобразований Кэли эрмитовых элементов алгебры фон Неймана.
Библиография: 21 название.
Асимптотика решения волнового уравнения с радиально-симметричной
скоростью на простейшем декорированном графе с произвольными граничными
условиями в точке склейки
Authors: Tsvetkova Anna Valerievna , Shafarevich Andrei Igorevich
Published: March 2020

Рассматривается задача Коши для волнового уравнения с переменной
скоростью на простейшем декорированном графе, полученном приклейкой
луча к $\mathbb R^3$, с начальными условиями, локализованными на луче.
Для того, чтобы волновой оператор был самосопряженным, накладываются
некоторые граничные условия в точке склейки. В работе описано
асимптотическое разложение решения рассматриваемой задачи для
произвольных граничных условий в точке склейки в предположении,
что скорость на $\mathbb R^3$ радиально-симметричная. Также изучено
распределение энергии волны при стремлении малого параметра к нулю
в зависимости от граничных условий.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Effects of Magnetic Field on Uneven Dissolution of Iron in Sulfuric Acid Solution with Chlorides
Authors: Li Hongjuan , Ning Fei , Dong Haiying , Zhang Kun , Lu Zhanpeng , Tang Yuanjie , Cai Shuangwei , Cui Tongming , Ma Jiarong , Xu Xinhe , Ling Sichun
Published: March 2020

The effects of magnetic field on anodic dissolution and passivation of iron in a sulfuric acid solution with chlorides are investigated by electrochemical measurements and surface observations. In the anodic potentiodynamic polarization curve, the potential for the drastic current drop is not significantly affected by the potential sweep rate under 0 T, which moves in the negative direction with increasing potential sweep rate under 0.4 T magnetic field that is parallel to the working electrode surface. The uneven surface produced during the potentiodynamic polarization hinders the transition from active dissolution to passivation. The area fraction of the locally accelerated dissolution increases with prolonging polarization time at high potentials where the surface film precipitation-dissolution process is the rate-determining step for metal dissolution. Pretreatment under potentiostatic polarization at 0.4 T magnetic field produces an uneven surface that would result in unrecoverable electrochemical states after switching from 0.4 T to 0 T, depending on the applied potential. The positive-feedback mechanism for the magnetic field effect and the surface morphological effect is proposed. The results demonstrate the direct magnetohydrodynamic effect and its resultant uneven surface on the anodic behavior of iron.
AVALIAÇÃO DE SECAS METEOROLÓGICAS POR DETECÇÃO REMOTA NO ARQUIPÉLAGO DO MARAJÓ: UMA INTERPRETAÇÃO ESPACIAL DOS DADOS DA CPC MORPHING TECNIQUE
Authors: Souto Jefferson Inayan de Oliveira , Beltrão Norma Ely Santos , Oliveira Renata Melo e Silva de
Published: March 2020

A região Amazônica é altamente suscetível a secas severas que ocasionam profundos impactos na dinâmica do regime hidrológico, biodiversidade e socioeconômica. No estudo, é analisado a capacidade do CPC MORPHing tecnique (CMORPH) em diagnosticar eventos de seca no Arquipélago do Marajó, com base em indicadores de extremos climáticos e no índice Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Dados do Reanálise (NCEP/NCAR) foram utilizados para identificar os padrões atmosféricos entre os anos de 2004 a 2016. A análise das séries espaciais calculadas sugere que os eventos de seca são fortemente influenciados pelas anomalias positivas do Oceano Pacífico e Atlântico Tropical Norte, causando um déficit pluviométrico. Os índices de precipitação mostram uma redução no acumulado anual úmido (PRCPTOT), com menores e maiores valores no CWD e CDD, respectivamente. Frequências de SPI com categorias de seca moderada (-1.0 a -1.49) e severa (-1.49 a -1.99) são observadas, causando um atraso no fluxo hidrológico. Em resumo, os dados do CMORPH podem ser usados para o monitoramento confiável de secas meteorológicas de curto prazo, já que existem limitações temporais para escalas de tempos maiores.
Aleitamento materno em recém-nascidos prematuros tardios e a termo: estudo de coorte
Authors: Machado Maria Cristina Heinzle da Silva , E Silva Milena Raquel Tacito , Almeida Maiara Aparecida Mialich , Carvalhaes Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite , Parada Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima , Tonete Vera Lúcia Pamplona
Published: March 2020

Para comparar recém-nascidos prematuros tardios e a termo quanto a ações de promoção e duração do aleitamento materno, realizou-se estudo de coorte prospectivo. Os dados foram coletados na maternidade, antes de 30 dias e aos dois, três, quatro, seis, nove e doze meses de idade dos lactentes. Análises univariadas investigaram diferenças sociodemográficas, obstétricas, neonatais e de atenção à saúde entre os dois grupos, adotando-se p<0,05 como nível crítico. Prematuros tardios apresentaram mais chances de baixo peso ao nascer (OR=28,16; IC95%=12,0-65,8), gestação de alto risco (OR=2,23; IC95%=0,98-5,07), pré-natal em serviço público (OR=0,51; IC95%=0,27-0,97), menos de seis consultas pré-natais (OR=4,26; IC95%=1,85-9,78), ausência de alojamento conjunto (OR=5,99; IC95%=2,92-12,27), mamada na primeira hora de vida (OR=2,75; IC95%=1,44-5,24) e avaliação da amamentação na maternidade (OR=7,02; IC95%=1,69-29,19). Nesse grupo, foi menos frequente aleitamento materno exclusivo na maternidade (OR=3,68; IC95%=1,93-7,03). Quanto à situação de aleitamento após a alta da maternidade, não houve diferença entre os grupos. Conclui-se que prematuros tardios apresentam mais vulnerabilidade ao nascer e recebem menos ações de promoção do aleitamento materno na maternidade; contudo, não diferem de nascidos a termo quanto a essa prática alimentar, após alta da maternidade.
FATORES ASSOCIADOS À AMPUTAÇÃO NÃO TRAUMÁTICA EM PESSOAS COM DIABETES MELLITUS: UM ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL
Authors: Diniz Iraktania Vitorino , Oliveira Patrícia Simplício de , Santos Isabel Cristina Ramos Vieira , Matos Suellen Duarte de Oliveira , Costa Isabelle Katherinne Fernandes , Costa Marta Miriam Lopes , Soares Maria Julia Guimaraes Oliveira
Published: March 2020

O estudo objetivou verificar os fatores associados à amputação não traumática em pessoas com DM. Estudo transversal com 212 pacientes, mediante entrevista, entre junho de 2013 a junho de 2014, no ambulatório de um hospital público de referência no atendimento em angiologia do estado da Paraíba. Os fatores associados a ocorrência de amputação foram: Tempo DM (p=0,006), maior tempo de procura do serviço após pé diabético (p=0,001), registro de gangrena (p=0,001) e tabagismo (p=0,016). Os resultados encontrados apontam para necessidade de estratégias diferenciadas de atenção diante da vulnerabilidade da população atendida.
Evaluation of Deltoid Origin Status Following Open and Arthroscopic Repair of Large Rotator Cuff Tears: A Propensity-Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Kholinne Erica , Kwak Jae-Man , Sun Yucheng , Kim Hyojune , Koh Kyoung Hwan , Jeon In-Ho
Published: March 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare deltoid origin status following large rotator cuff repair carried out using either an open or an arthroscopic method with a propensity score matching technique. Methods: A retrospective review of 112 patients treated for full-thickness, large rotator cuff tear via either a classic open repair (open group) or an arthroscopic repair (arthroscopic group) was conducted. All patients included in the study had undergone postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical follow-up for at least 12 and 18 months after surgery, respectively. Propensity score matching was used to select controls matched for age, sex, body mass index, and affected site. There were 56 patients in each group, with a mean age of 63.3 years (range, 50–77 years). The postoperative functional and radiologic outcomes for both groups were compared. Radiologic evaluation for postoperative rotator cuff integrity and deltoid origin status was performed with 3-Tesla MRI.Results: The deltoid origin thickness was significantly greater in the arthroscopic group when measured at the anterior acromion (P=0.006), anterior third (P=0.005), and middle third of the lateral border of the acromion level (P=0.005). The deltoid origin thickness at the posterior third of the lateral acromion was not significantly different between the arthroscopic and open groups. The arthroscopic group had significantly higher intact deltoid integrity with less scarring (P=0.04). There were no full-thickness deltoid tears in either the open or arthroscopic group. Conclusion: Open rotator cuff repair resulted in a thinner deltoid origin, especially from the anterior acromion to the middle third of the lateral border of the acromion, at the 1-year postoperative MRI evaluation. Meticulous reattachment of the deltoid origin is as essential as rotator cuff repair when an open approach is selected.
Arthroscopic Excision of Heterotopic Ossification in the Supraspinatus Muscle
Authors: Altamimi Lamees A. , Kholinne Erica , Kim Hyojune , Park Dongjun , Jeon In-Ho
Published: March 2020

Heterotopic ossification is formation of bone in atypical extra-skeletal tissues and usually occurs spontaneously or following neurologic injury with unknown cause. We report a 46-year-old female with right shoulder pain and restricted range of motion (ROM) for 3 months without history of trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a lesion within the rotator cuff supraglenoid. Excisional biopsy from a previous institution revealed a heterotopic ossificans (HO ). Following repeat MRI and bone scan, histopathology from arthroscopic resection confirmed an HO. The patient demonstrated improved pain and ROM at follow-up. Idiopathic HO rarely occurs in the shoulder joint, and resection of HO should be delayed until maturation of the lesion to avoid recurrence. The current case showed that arthroscopic HO resection provides an excellent surgical view to ensure complete lesion removal and minimize soft tissue damage at the supraglenoid area. Furthermore, the minimally invasive procedure of arthroscopy may reduce rehabilitation time and facilitate early return to work.