bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gate Bolt
Authors: Senthamil Selvi M. , Jansi Rani S. , Nisha A. , Sneka  , Sruthi C.
Published: August 2021

At current scenario, welfare and safety of children is one of the vital thing all need to be engrossed as many parents are leaving their child unaided in home in order to look their professions. The situation makes the intruders to get touch with unassisted child, this make many unwelcomed problems. To make over the above situation, this project would upkeep state of affairs to assist the parents who are in apprehension about child’s safety. A parent deeply impacts his child’s safety. This gets very tricky when both the parents are working. It reduces the amount of attention that your child gets, thereby affecting his psychological as well as behavioural aspects. An everyday home security level improved the security to our home with the help of AI based face recognition system. To create the door, unlock system by facial recognition uses the basic of camera facility and the network connection (internet). The doors be opened only when the face recognised by the system. This project helped to further improves the safety, security, automation control especially in the home. This system will restrict the entry of unauthenticated person and if so the new persons image captured by the system and the intimation sent to the admin person. The framework ought to likewise uphold the secret phrase opened framework.
Delay-Tolerant Sensor Network (DTN) Implementation in Cloud Computing
Authors: Dhabliya Dharmesh
Published: August 2021

In this study’s scheme, the objective is to employ the robot to implement the location estimation process for sensor nodes with which it interacts relative to the radio messages’ signal strengths, having received the signals from the sensor nodes. The implication is that the central purpose of the study lies in the elimination of the static sensor nodes’ processing constraints. Imperative to highlight is that the study’s mathematical contribution lies in the utilization of the REKF-based state estimator to analyze the localization problem. Deviating from Kalman Filter, it is worth noting that REKF exhibits computational efficiency and robustness. Indeed, the localization scheme is implemented on a hybrid network test bed.
IoT Based Control of Hybrid Energy Storage System for an Electric Vehicle using Super Capacitor and Battery
Authors: Balachander K , Amudha A , Mansoor Ali M
Published: August 2021

This main objective of this project is to control the hybrid energy storage system in order to increase the lifetime and performance of an electric vehicle battery source. This can be achieved by utilizing the powerful super capacitors in order to satisfy the peak power demand in an electric vehicle. When there is sudden raise in acceleration the peak power demand raises and hence the battery life gets reduced when there is sudden peak in discharge. In order to overcome this drawback, the super capacitor based auxiliary energy storage system comes into the role. We have used ARDUINO as a brain of this operation and it smartly identifies the excess power demand, cruise and normal mode of acceleration and rapidly switches between the battery storage and super capacitor storage accordingly in order to increase battery life time.
5G Network Security Issues, Challenges, Opportunities and Future Directions: A Survey
Authors: Humayun Mamoona , Hamid Bushra , Jhanjhi NZ , Suseendran G. , Talib M N
Published: August 2021

5G is expected to bring tremendous advancement in wireless cellular network by providing faster speed, high capacity and low latency. It has widely been adopted in various parts of the world and is expected to bring a noteworthy revolution in major industries and overall economies. Although 5G service providers are promising integrity, confidentiality and availability of data, still security is an important concern that needs to be addressed. This paper provides a detailed survey on 5G security by addressing 5G opportunities, common threats targeting 5G network along with their mitigation strategies, security services offered by 5G networks and 5G security challenges. We have also provided a case study to demonstrate the potentials of 5G. This survey will help 5G researchers, service providers and 5G users in getting quick awareness of 5G network.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Mukia Maderaspatana
Authors: Preetha N. , Padmavathi S. , Mahalakshmi B.
Published: August 2021

Nanoparticles are utilized in numerous business applications and it has been discovered that watery silver particles can be diminished by fluid exoact of plant parts to deliver exoemely stable silver nanoparticles in water. On this premise, silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were incorporated utilizing leaf aqueoi separate (LAE) of Mukiamaderaspatana. The acquired particles were broke down by UV-obvious spectrophotometry, checking electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier change infrared (FT-lR) spectroscopy to perceive the morphology of AgNPs. FTlR spectroscopic trials hax’e been performed to group potential bioreducing specialists present in the leaves of the plant.
Study on Darcy-Forchheimer Flow and MHD Boundary Layer Flow with Heat Transfer Characteristics of Williamson Nanofluid Over Curved Stretching Surface.
Authors: Sharma S
Published: August 2021

Principle targets of this paper are to consider the Darcy-Forcheimer and magneto hydrodynamic limit layer stream with warmth and mass exchange of Williamson nanofluid over a bended extending surface. To create the stream, a non-straight bended extending surface is utilized. Likewise the capacities thermophoretic dispersion and irregular movement are created in the stream. The pertinent overseeing limit layer fractional differential conditions are changed into common differential conditions by utilizing existing comparability changes. These nonlinear coupled normal differential conditions, subject to the fitting limit conditions, are then addressed by utilizing bvp4c strategy. The impacts of the actual boundaries on the stream, heat move and nanoparticle fixation qualities of the issue are introduced through diagrams and are talked about in detail. The skin rubbing coefficient, neighborhood Nusselt number and Sherwood numbers are figured. In light of these plots the ends are given, and got results are tried for their exactness.
Hybrid Model for Pattern Discovery in Data Communication to Enhance Customer Relationship Management using Data Mining Techiques
Authors: Arivazhagan B , Sankara Subramanian R
Published: August 2021

– Data Communication in customer oriented sector has significant information which is considered as a vital part in enhancing and improving customer base. Loyal customers in business sector are based on buying and selling of products or making use of services provided. Generally, the customers may switch on to variant enterpriser who affords best services with best price hence retaining them is a tedious task unless their communiaction data regarding service is analysed in periodic and to keep track of customer, the enterpriser should know the purchasing pattern and needs of loyal customersThe discovered pattern is also helps to afford proper discounts to the customers at the right time. This research paper experiments customer data in Telecommunication sector to discover useful and interesting patterns. There are so many data mining techniques put forward in revealing the pattern and this paper discusses all the possible mining techniques and evaluates an association rule mining with clustered data to create best rules. For clustering, Hierarchical agglomerative is used and FP-Growth algorithm is used for association rule mining. Both clustered data and association rules results regarding data communication are presented. The research work is implemented in weka tool and assessed with suitable evaluation metrics.
Power Generation using Hybrid Energy System for Domestic Purpose
Authors: Harinarayanan J. , Anusha Chindrupu , Mithra Ruba Shree R , Sheryl M
Published: August 2021

We all are aware that the world is precisely running towards a quest for a substitute energy source. Till today, the maximum power requirement is met with the help of fossil fuels. Anyways the estimates which were made recently have predicted that the usage of the fossil fuels like oil and coal might last only till 2030, and later we will have to switch over to the usage of more efficient sources and emerging technologies. According to current situation the further usage of oil and coal will be replenished and whole world will need to foster for renewable energy source which can satisfy the growing needs of the future generation. For the past few years solar and wind energy have already been trapped and are widely accepted as an alternative source of energy. But in this paper we have planned to concatenate the three outcomes i.e. heat, pressure and sound. Most of the times these three energies are considered as unwanted source of energy and they go unnoticed. With the help of Peltier module, Piezoelectric transducer and sound absorption unit the energies like heat, pressure and noise can be converted into electrical energy respectively. Piezoelectric plate transducer is capable of producing energy using the pressure put on the piezo electric plate. In this paper a footstep piezoelectric plate is used easy to incorporate and even effect cost wise. Peltier module is a thermoelectric device which has the capability of converting the thermal/heat energy into electricity. It primarily works based on the principle of Seeback effect. This device is built using 2 different semiconductor material like p-type and n-type. As the heat emerges and spreads through the material, charge carriers begin to cold side from hot side. The resultant voltage is proportional to the difference in temperature between the layers of the device. As long as there is a difference in temperature the material keeps generating the potential difference. The voltage produced by the entire Peltier module is function of time and the temperature difference. The voltage varies with the change in temperature gradient and time. The sound absorption unit uses sound as an input for producing electric energy, because lot of sound is wasted in our surrounding where in it can used as a source of energy. By using these non-conventional type of energy resources, the generation of power can be achieved with a minimal cost and it will also pave a way to the conservation of the conventional energy source for future needs. This energy thus generated is boosted and stabilized using a DC-DC chopper and later utilized to operate a DC load.
Computational Investigation of Optical, Thermal and Thermoelectric Properties of Cs3P compound
Authors: Jayalakshmi D S , Hrisheekesan T , Akshaya G , Hemanand D , Chembian W T , Arun Prakash P
Published: August 2021

Electronic, Thermal, Thermoelectric and Optical Properties of Cesium Phosphide Cs3P, are determined by means of Full-potential (FP) Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (LAPW) method using DFT (Density Functional Theory). Band structure, Density of States and Principle Optical constants of the compound were calculated. The computed Band gap and DoS (Density of States) histograms of the compound are agree well with the experimental studies and are similar to the compound used as reference which has been previously studied.
Segmentation and classification using image processing and supervising learning framework for mitosis detection in breast cancer mammographic images
Authors: Krithika P , Ramesh Sukruti , Satya Padigi Reddy , Deiva Preetha C A S
Published: August 2021

Detection of the area withholding the mitotic cell growth is a vital marker in breast cancer detection. This paper aims to fabricate an automatic Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) [2] model that helps to locate the region of mitotic cell growth and signify the type of breast cancer found: benign or malignant. Contrary to the legacy literature [1], which uses partially supervised learning models applied to histopathology images, we devise a model which involves a fully supervised convolution model applied to mammographic images. The model trained with image datasets: benign and malignant breast cancer images. This model exploits the MIAS database and datasets collected privately from hospitals, consisting of mammographic images available as samples for breast cancer detection. Applying image segmentation techniques to the datasets, we highlight the region of interest, and thereby using classification methodologies, we separate the results as benign or malignant. The developed model equips us to yield results with an accuracy of 97.96% on the dataset.
Design and Implementation of Human Stress Detection System: especially for Autistic children
Authors: Payani M , Raja K M , Saraan J , Srihari P
Published: August 2021

Stress can be recognized as a normal feeling when it is in its limit. If it sustains for more days it will surely lead to a number of diseases. A person should learn to handle stress in order that doesn’t affect him as well as his surroundings. Many people don’t realize the occurrence and reason of stress. The working condition of some people never gives any option of thinking mental strength (i.e., stress management). Children who are referred to be autistic will not be able to express their internal feelings which also reduce their confidence level. Hence a system which monitors, detects, and analyses the health parameters will really help as a supplement care taking unit. It consists of a pulse sensor, temperature and skin resistance detecting circuit. The former sensor detects the heart beat rate and temperature of the human body which helps in the stress detection. Skin resistance circuit makes use of skin property namely galvanic skin response to detect the stress levels. These sensor detected values were used to manipulate the stress level. The ThingSpeak cloud is accessed to store the data obtained. The data can be sent to the user through email automatically after the prescribed time. This report can be used for stress management and also for treatment purpose. The person will definitely realize the importance of stress management and hence the concerned person will have a look on the report.
Walk Assistance For Outwardly Challenged People
Authors: Rajkumar K , Thejaswini K , Subarna S , Yuvashri P
Published: August 2021

The blind’s competency is to navigate to a particular place and to commence their daily activities is of decisive importance for their prosperity. It is estimated about one billion people are blind out of 285 million people visually impaired of all ages, according to the statistics of World Health Organization. This work includes an affordable and more efficient navigation aid for the blind which provides artificial vision by providing knowledge about an environmental scenario of static and dynamic characteristics of objects around them. This system induces a smart cane with ultrasonic sensors placed to intimate the intermediaries to their acknowledgment through Bluetooth. ZIGBEE used in this project so as to met the sensor and control device communication standards for navigation for the blind with the smart cane via Google maps their destination.
Twitter Sentimental Analysis based on Ordinal Regression
Authors: Nennuri Rajashekar , Geetha Yadav M , Sai Vahini Y , Prabhas Goda Sairam , Rajashree V
Published: August 2021

For associations and people with a profound social, political, or monetary Sinterest in keeping up and fortifying their clout and notoriety, Twitter has become a goldmine. Sentiment analysis is the way toward characterizing and classifying the considerations and sentiments communicated in a source record. By performing this assessment investigation in a meticulous space, it is feasible to decide the force of area data on notion order. For feeling examination order, the proposed system utilizes the calculations Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Trees (DTs), and Random Forest (RF). The real execution of this structure depends on a twitter dataset unveiled by the NLTK corpora devices. The proposed approach will precisely identify ordinal relapse utilizing AI procedures.
Application of neural and bayesian networks in diesel engines under the flaw detection method
Authors: Prada Botia G C , Pabón León J A , Orjuela Abril M S
Published: August 2021

The identification of premature faults in Internal Combustion Engines has become determinant to guarantee suitable operation. Therefore, this study focuses on the implementation of fault diagnostic methodology by using advanced algorithms such as Back Propagation neural networks and Bayesian networks. Results indicated that the proposed methodology serves as a robust tool to identify different fault conditions in a wide operational spectrum with an reliability of nearly 73%. Moreover, the Backpropagation network diagnostic methodology presented an reliability of 18%, which is 3% higher than Bayesian networks. Overall, the implemented methodology counterbalanced interference conditions and noise signals while providing versatility to operate for different types of engines. In conclusion, this study can be extrapolated to different fields of physics to assist in identifying flaws in experimental test benches.
Study of the modified Weibull function to analyze reliability in engineering components that fail and are repairable
Authors: Espinel-Blanco E , Flórez-Solano E , Arévalo-Rueda J
Published: August 2021

An engineering component is physically inoperative when it fails or has conditions that prevent it from operating and has a functional failure. The useful or operating times and the non-operating or downtimes are collected to determine the reliability or the probability of operation of the component during a period. The use of distributions is the most accepted method for determining component reliability. Among the main distributions used are the exponential, Log Normal, Weibull, etc. The Weibull distribution is widely used to estimate the reliability of a component, understood as the physical capacity of the element to function according to operating parameters. A study of three models based on Weibull modifications was conducted to determine the reliability of repairable components subject to maintenance activities. Two models represent the modified Weibull function with two parameters and an additional model that represents the Weibull function transmuted with failure rate function that fits the Davies curve. The characteristics, the physical interpretation, the applications, and the feasibility of using each model in analysis of reliability in elements and repairable in engineering are presented.
Utilization of agro-industrial waste to improve thermal behavior of products made of fired clay for traditional masonry
Authors: Sanchez-Molina J , Díaz-Fuentes C X , Colmenares-Uribe A P
Published: August 2021

The reutilization of agro-industrial waste in the manufacture of fired clay products is a sustainable strategy that aims at the circular economy. The most known waste in Norte de Santander, Colombia, are coffee husk and rice husk. For this reason, this research studies the thermal impact of their insulating properties in traditional masonry products made of fired clay to be considered as insulating additives. The methodology involves the simulation of heat transfer and heat flux of the multiperforated brick and H10 block manufactured in mixtures of 100% clay and 95% clay and 5% additive to wastes in North Santander, Colombia, in the software ANSYS under the finite element method in extreme conditions of San José de Cúcuta. The results demonstrate that the residues of rice husk and coffee husk act as insulating technological nutrients with a reduction of temperatures of the interior surfaces of the products between 0.22 °C and 0.88 °C, respectively. The reutilization of residual raw materials from alternate construction industries is a sustainable consideration to evaluate new possibilities for the manufacture of products with less embedded energy and, therefore, with a lower carbon footprint than traditional fired clay products.
Influence of Vegetation System on Outdoor Wind Environment of a Nursing Home
Authors: Ni Xuwei
Published: August 2021

With the rapid growth of aging population in China, researchers have paid more attention to the aging planning and architectural design of elderly community. As the particularity of elderly people, they have higher demand on the comfort and safety of the outdoor wind environment, and the outdoor vegetation system has a great contribution on improving outdoor wind environment which has been proved. In this study, the influence of vegetation system on outdoor wind environment in extreme weather of a nursing home has been quantitatively investigated according to CFD methods. The parameters related to the wind environment including average wind velocity and its distribution has been calculated. Results showed that vegetation system could improve the outdoor wind environment significantly, especially planting shrub and grass. After planting deciduous and evergreen arbors, shrub and grass, the average wind velocities of all the living and activity regions decreased below to 1.5m/s, and area proportion of the regions with low wind velocity increased up to 75%.
The Effects of Probiotic from Hymenachne Acutigluma Silage in Feed to the Length of Small Intestine and Caeca in Pegagan Ducks
Authors: Sandi S , Sahara E , Novitasari A T , Munawar Ali A I , Susanda A , Yosi F , Asmak
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of giving probiotics from (hymenachne acutigluma) silage in feed to the length of smallintestine and caeca in Pegagan ducks. The object of this research is sixty 5 months Pegagan ducks. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. There is 3 Pegagan ducks as a variable unit: P0 (Control); P1 (Ration + Probiotics with a dose 0,2%); P2 (Ration + Probiotics with a dose 0.4%); P3 (Ration + Probiotics with a dose 0.6%); P4 (Ration + Probiotics with a dose 0.8%). The observed variables were length of small intestine, length of duodenum, length of jejunum, length of ileum, and length of caeca. The results of this study indicate that administration of probiotics from (hymenachne acutigluma) silage in feed can increase the percentage of small intestine length and caeca. The conclusion of this research is the provision of probiotics from (Hymenachne acutigluma) silage with a dose 0.2% can increase the percentage of small intestine length and caeca in Pegagan ducks.
Phylogenetic of Featherback Chitala sp from South Sumatra Based on Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Gene
Authors: Anjarsari Y , Syaifudin M , Jubaedah D , Taqwa F H , Yonarta D
Published: August 2021

The featherback Chitala sp in Indonesia inhabit riverine of Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan. Featherbacks have been protected as threatened species. This research aims to identify the sequence of Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene of mtDNA, and construct the phylogenetic trees between species of featherbacks in South Sumatra. This research was conducted in March–August 2020. The methods used in barcoding species and determining phylogenetic i.e., DNA isolation, DNA amplification using PCR and sequencing of COI gene regions of mtDNA. The COI gene was sequenced by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) with optimum annealing temperature 500C for 30s with 35 cycles. After editting, sequence length of the COI gene of featherbacks was 621 base pairs (bp) nucleotide. Based on BLASTanalysis, specimen CLP2 from PT PLN Indralaya had the highest similarity (99.28%) to C. lopis (Malaysia), then 98.88% to the same species from Kampar River, Riau. Speciemens from Musi River (CLS1, CLS 3) and PT PLN (CLP3) indicated the highest similarity of 95.19% with C. chitala from India. The phylogenetic trees showed that Chitala formed four sub-clusters and it was clearly distant between species C. lopis and C. chitala (bootstrap value = 73).
The Differences of Nutritional Status of Children Living in Riverbank and in Mainland of Pedamaran I District of Ogan Komering Ilir Regency
Authors: Nuryanto  , Oktarina R , Komalasari O , Juairiyah O
Published: August 2021

In the district of Pedamaran were still found toddlers with stunted growth. This study aimed to find out the differences in the nutritional status of children under five living in the River Bank called Daerah Aliran Sungai in the Mainland Areas of Pedamaran Village I, Pedamaran District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 63 toddlers with a simple random sampling technique. The study result showed that the percentage of toddlers with a history of diarrhea disease living in river bank was (51.5%), and that of acute respiratory infection (ARI)was (43.3%). While the proportion of children under five having a history of helminthiasis differs between those living in river bank and the mainland was (p = 0.009 <0.05). The number of toddlers who had a history of helminthiasis was higher in river bank (42.4%) than those living on the mainland (10.0%). The number of children under five was 84.1 percent having good nutritional status, 3.2% less dietary status, and 12.7% poor dietary status. There was a difference in the nutritional quality of children under five living in river bank and in mainland areas in which the results of the chi-square test showed the p-value was 0.001.
Application of parijoto (medinilla speciosa l.,) extract as body lotion
Authors: Kusumastuti A , Rahma H S
Published: August 2021

Parijoto fruit is among the potential plant that is potential for beauty products. Parijoto fruit extract composed of flavonoids as source of antioxidants that is useful for maintaining healthy skin. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and feasibility of hand and body lotion enriched with parijoto fruit extract determined by sensory and preference tests. This study used construct validity. Data was collected through observation and documentation methods. The results showed that hand and body lotion enriched with parijoto fruit extract was declared feasible based on sensory tests with the lowest percentage of 83% and the highest of 92%. The preference test obtained the lowest percentage of 82% and the highest percentage of 97%. Hand and body lotion was declared very feasible based on sensory and preference tests. There is a need of assessment in the used formula in order to obtain the best formula for the production of hand and body lotion.
Evaluation of Nutritional Content of Beef Rendang Using Wet and Dry Seasonings
Authors: Faridah Anni , Holinesti Rahmi
Published: August 2021

Beef rendang is a traditional West Sumatra dish made from beef cooked with coconut milk and seasoning. Seasoning has an important role, to give a distinctive flavor for beef rendang. It can be processed using wet and dry seasoning. This research is an experiment by conducting a direct experiment of making beef rendang using wet and dry seasoning. Then the proximate test was carried out to determine the nutritional content in beef rendang. The object of this research is the nutritional value of beef rendang using wet and dry seasoning including fat, air, ash, protein and carbohydrates. Fat content in the two beef rendang shows a difference, rendang using wet seasoning has more fat content than meat rendang using dry seasoning. The water content in beef rendang using wet seasoning is lower (16.36%) than dry seasonings (17.57). Ash content is not that different. The higher protein and carbohydrate content was found in dry seasoning with the value of protein content (29.88%) and carbohydrate content (29.28%). The cooking time of beef rendang has an effect on nutritional value. The faster the cooking time, the more nutritional value that can be preserved. Beef rendang using wet and dry seasoning cooked at the same time has different nutritional values. More fat and water levels are found in beef rendang using wet seasoning. Meanwhile, the ash, protein and carbohydrate content of rendang using dry seasoning has a higher value. The results revealed that there were differences in nutritional content between beef rendang using dry seasoning and wet seasoning. The nutritional content of beef rendang using dry seasoning is better than fat, ash, protein, and carbohydrates.
Fabric Coloring using Cuscuta as A Form of Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Atika  , Syamwil Rodia , Widowati  , Nurrohmah Siti , Zaida Zulfa Putri
Published: August 2021

Synthetic dye liquid waste causes various problems, one of them is environmental pollution. There are 5 rivers in Pekalongan in which all are black due to the contamination of synthetic dye liquid waste from the batik industry. The five rivers contain Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 230 mg / L at the upstream and 157 mg / L at the downstream, while the maximum COD content should be only 50 mg / L. The use of natural dye in batik production alters the use of synthetic dyes and reduce its hazards. Natural dyes, in general, can be extracted from plant parts such as roots, stems, leaves, bark and flowers to be used as an alternative to batik dyeing. The sustainability problem arises when these plants are continuously used. Weeds can be used as an alternative for natural dyes. Weeds are plants that are parasite for other plants, therefore the use of weeds as natural dye can help eradicate them from the main crop. This research was conducted by experimenting the weed extraction on cotton cloth. Furthermore, the dyeing was tested for its color direction using a color catalog. The purpose of this study was to examine the direction of color produced by cuscuta with vinegar mordant
Development and validation of the geriatric trauma frailty index for geriatric trauma patients based on electronic hospital records
Authors: Zhao Fangjie , Tang Bihan , Liu Xu , Weng Weizong , Wang Bo , Wang Yincheng , Zhang Zhifeng , Zhang Lulu
Published: August 2021

Background

Globally, geriatric patients are the dominant population requiring global medical care. We established a frailty index for geriatric trauma patients by retrospectively analysing electronic hospital records to identify patients with frailty characteristics and poor prognostic outcomes.

Method

Data were obtained from 2016 US National Emergency Department Sample and Shanghai Trauma Emergency Medical Association (2015–18). Overall, 141,267 hospitalised geriatric trauma patients (age ≥ 65 years) were included. We used a three-step method to construct geriatric trauma frailty index (GTFI) based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision diagnostic codes. Systematic cluster analysis was used. The accuracy of GTFI was verified in national validation cohort, and its applicability to Chinese patients was assessed in local validation cohort.

Results

In development cohort (n = 28,179), frail patients had longer lengths of stay and higher Charlson co-morbidity index than non-frail patients (18.2 ± 12.4 days, 5.59 ± 2.0 versus 5.3 ± 5.3 days, 5.33 ± 1.8, respectively). In national validation cohort (n = 113,089), frail patients had longer lengths of stay (8.5 ± 8.8 days versus 4.5 ± 3.1 days) and higher in-hospital mortality than non-frail patients (2,795, 11.69% versus 589, 0.66%). Areas under the curves for GTFI for length of stay (>14 days) and in-hospital mortality were 0.848 (0.841, 0.854) and 0.885 (0.880, 0.891) in national validation cohort, and were 0.791 (0.779, 0.804) and 0.903 (0.885, 0.922) in local validation cohort (n = 14,827).

Conclusions

The GTFI helps hospitals and emergency departments to identify geriatric trauma patients with poor prognostic outcomes, and has been proven to be useful in China.
Imaging Analysis During Adrenal Venous Sampling Operations
Authors: Li Sen , Li Jian-ling , Huang Jiang-nan , Jiang Zhi-yuan , Huang Rong-jie , Su Liu-jing , Cai Bin-bin , Dai Yong-fa , Wu Si-ying
Published: August 2021

Background

To investigate the imaging anatomy and variations of bilateral adrenal veins to improve the success rate during adrenal venous sampling (AVS) and reduce the incidence of complications.

Methods

A total of 120 patients who underwent AVS from June 2017 to January 2019 were collected. RadiAnt Viewer software was used to retrospectively analyze the intraoperative imaging data, intraoperative anatomical variation data, the success rate, and complications of AVS.

Results

The ostium of the right adrenal vein was located mainly between the lower 1/3 of the 11th thoracic vertebra and the middle 1/3 of the 12th thoracic vertebra, accounting for 75.5% of the cases. Most of the ostium (83.3%) was transversely distributed between 9 o’clock and 12 o’clock. The main morphology of the right adrenal venography was a triangular pattern (48.2%). As the body mass index increased, the ostium was higher, and the distance between the ostium and the spine was greater (P < 0.05). The success rate of the right AVS, the left AVS, and the bilateral AVS was 95.0%, 97.5%, and 92.5%, respectively. The anatomical variation rate of the right adrenal vein was 5.3%. All cases showed that the right adrenal vein entered the accessory right hepatic vein and then into the inferior vena cava. The anatomical variation rate of the left adrenal vein was 4.3%.

Conclusions

Body mass index can be used to predict the location of the right adrenal vein ostium. Understanding of the anatomy and variation of the adrenal vein and right adrenal venography is essential to a successful AVS.
Talking Good: Analysing Narratives of Desistance in Norway
Authors: Todd-Kvam John , Todd-Kvam Mari
Published: August 2021

Despite significant research interest in Norwegian penality, there remains much to be learned about how people in Norway experience life during and after punishment. This article is one of the first to explore the lived experience of desistance as narrated by Norwegian desisters. We analyse ‘small stories’ that either opened up or frustrated the co-creation of change, showing how desistance develops (or is stymied) at a micro level. Our analytical framework helped us understand our informants as active subjects navigating a complex terrain of psychological, relational and systemic processes. Informants described a long-term, unfinalized desistance process, leading in some cases to an extended experience of liminality and welfare supplication.
Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors Mediate Timing-Dependent LTP Elicited by Low Repeat Coincident Pre- and Postsynaptic Activity at Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Synapses
Authors: Cepeda-Prado Efrain A , Khodaie Babak , Quiceno Gloria D , Beythien Swantje , Edelmann Elke , Lessmann Volkmar
Published: August 2021

High-frequency stimulation induced long-term potentiation (LTP) and low-frequency stimulation induced LTD are considered as cellular models of memory formation. Interestingly, spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) can induce equally robust timing-dependent LTP (t-LTP) and t-LTD in response to low frequency repeats of coincident action potential (AP) firing in presynaptic and postsynaptic cells. Commonly, STDP paradigms relying on 25–100 repeats of coincident AP firing are used to elicit t-LTP or t-LTD, but the minimum number of repeats required for successful STDP is barely explored. However, systematic investigation of physiologically relevant low repeat STDP paradigms is of utmost importance to explain learning mechanisms in vivo. Here, we examined low repeat STDP at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses by pairing one presynaptic AP with either one postsynaptic AP (1:1 t-LTP), or a burst of 4 APs (1:4 t-LTP) and found 3–6 repeats to be sufficient to elicit t-LTP. 6× 1:1 t-LTP required postsynaptic Ca2+ influx via NMDARs and L-type VGCCs and was mediated by increased presynaptic glutamate release. In contrast, 1:4 t-LTP depended on postsynaptic metabotropic GluRs and ryanodine receptor signaling and was mediated by postsynaptic insertion of AMPA receptors. Unexpectedly, both 6× t-LTP variants were strictly dependent on activation of postsynaptic Ca2+-permeable AMPARs but were differentially regulated by dopamine receptor signaling. Our data show that synaptic changes induced by only 3–6 repeats of mild STDP stimulation occurring in ≤10 s can take place on time scales observed also during single trial learning.
Full Factorial Design for Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Timolol Maleate in Surfactant-Based Elastic Nano-Vesicular Systems
Authors: Naik Santoshi , Mullick Prashansha , Mutalik Sadhana P , Hegde Aswathi R , Lewis Shaila Angela , Bhat Krishnamurthy , Rao Bola Sadashiva Satish , Mutalik Srinivas
Published: August 2021

A novel isocratic stability-indicating chromatographic method was developed, optimized and validated using Design-Expert® following ICH guidelines for the quantification of Timolol maleate (TM). The intrinsic stability of TM was assessed by force degradation studies, which concluded no extensive degradation except under alkaline and oxidative conditions. TM was quantified accurately in the surfactant-based elastic vesicular system by separating it on Hypersil BDS C8 column using triethylamine in H2O (0.15%v/v; pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (ACN; 65:35%v/v). The influence of variable factors like mobile phase pH, injection volume (μL), flow rate (mL/min) and ACN content (%) on method responses were assessed using a full factorial design. The method was linear between 0.05 and 10 μg/mL with an R2 value of 0.9993. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.90 and 27.2 ng/mL. The method was specific, with recovery in plain drug solution of 89–92% and elastic nanovesicles of 90–93%. The experimental model was significant (P < 0.0001) as indicated by deliberate changes in the method analyzed through analysis of variance. The total drug content in elastic nanovesicles was estimated to be 9.53 ± 0.01 mg/20-mL dispersion and entrapment efficiency was 44.52 ± 0.73%. The developed method was rapid, economic and precise for the quantification of TM in bulk and vesicular system.
Resistance and resilience of soil prokaryotic communities in response to prolonged drought in a tropical forest
Authors: Li Lingjuan , Preece Catherine , Lin Qiang , Bréchet Laëtitia M , Stahl Clément , Courtois Elodie A , Verbruggen Erik
Published: August 2021

Global climate changes such as prolonged duration and intensity of drought can lead to adverse ecological consequences in forests. Currently little is known about soil microbial community responses to such drought regimes in tropical forests. In this study, we examined the resistance and resilience of topsoil prokaryotic communities to a prolongation of the dry season in terms of diversity, community structure and co-occurrence patterns in a French Guianan tropical forest. Through excluding rainfall during and after the dry season, a simulated prolongation of the dry season by five months was compared to controls. Our results show that prokaryotic communities increasingly diverged from controls with the progression of rain exclusion. Furthermore, prolonged drought significantly affected microbial co-occurrence networks. However, both the composition and co-occurrence networks of soil prokaryotic communities immediately ceased to differ from controls when precipitation throughfall returned. This study thus suggests modest resistance but high resilience of microbial communities to a prolonged drought in tropical rainforest soils.
A transcriptome-wide association study identifies novel blood-based gene biomarker candidates for Alzheimer’s disease risk
Authors: Sun Yanfa , Zhou Dan , Rahman Md Rezanur , Zhu Jingjing , Ghoneim Dalia , Cox Nancy J , Beach Thomas G , Wu Chong , Gamazon Eric R , Wu Lang
Published: August 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (ad) adversely affects the health, quality of life and independence of patients. There is a critical need to identify novel blood gene biomarkers for ad risk assessment. We performed a transcriptome-wide association study to identify biomarker candidates for ad risk. We leveraged two sets of gene expression prediction models of blood developed using different reference panels and modeling strategies. By applying the prediction models to a meta-GWAS including 71 880 (proxy) cases and 383 378 (proxy) controls, we identified significant associations of genetically determined expression of 108 genes in blood with ad risk. Of these, 15 genes were differentially expressed between ad patients and controls with concordant directions in measured expression data. With evidence from the analyses based on both genetic instruments and directly measured expression levels, this study identifies 15 genes with strong support as biomarkers in blood for ad risk, which may enhance ad risk assessment and mechanism-focused studies.
Analysis of 3-dimensional interventricular septum and abnormal muscle bundles models for septal myectomy
Authors: Andrushchuk Uladzimir , Niavyhlas Artsem , Adzintsou Vitali , Haidzel Iryna , Model Hanna , Shket Aliaksandr
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

We compared the effectiveness of virtual 3-dimensional (3D) models with 2-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for evaluating the anatomy of the interventricular septum (IVS) and abnormal muscle bundles (AMBs) in planning septal myectomy (SM).

METHODS

Between January 2017 and July 2020, 103 consecutive symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent 2D TTE and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in 49 (47.6%) or computed tomography angiography in 54 (52.4%) patients with 3D IVS modelling for SM planning. We evaluated maximal IVS thickness and location, length and thickness of AMBs.

RESULTS

The mean maximal IVS thickness by 2D TTE was 7.3 [standard deviation (SD) 4.8] mm less than that based on the 3D model analysis: 21.4 (SD 3.7) vs 28.6 (SD 5.5) mm, respectively (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 6.4–8.2). The planned volume of ideal SM was larger than that of performed SM: 26.2 (18.4–39.4) vs 10.3 (7.4–12.8) cm3, respectively (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of 2D TTE in diagnosing AMBs were 36.9% and 95%, and those of cardiovascular magnetic resonance and computed tomography angiography with 3D modelling were 97.1% and 100% for cardiovascular magnetic resonance and 98% and 100% for computed tomography angiography, respectively. AMBs occurred in 84 (81.6%) patients. No patient required mitral valve replacement. The 30-day mortality was 1 patient. There were 4 late non-cardiac deaths (3.9%) within 18.1 (standard error 1.32) months.

CONCLUSIONS

Anatomical analysis of the IVS and AMBs based on their virtual 3D models is highly effective for SM planning.
Association Between Soluble Notch Ligand Delta-like Ligand 1 and Bleeding Complications in Patients With Dengue Fever Infection
Authors: Hildebrand Dagmar , Nurjadi Dennis , Hoan Nghiem Xuan , Linh Mai Thanh Hai , Sang Vu Viet , Bang Mai Hong , Pallerla Srinivas Reddy , Kremsner Peter G , Heeg Klaus , Song Le Huu , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P
Published: August 2021

Bleeding associated with endothelial damage is a key feature of severe dengue fever. In the current study, we investigated whether Notch ligands were associated with bleeding in 115 patients with confirmed dengue infection in Vietnam. Soluble Notch ligands were determined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seventeen of 115 patients (14.8%) experienced bleeding manifestations. High soluble delta-like ligand 1 (sDLL1) plasma levels was associated with bleeding (median, 15 674 vs 7117 pg/mL; P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that sDLL1 had the best test performance (area under the ROC curve, 0.852), with 88% sensitivity and 84% specificity. The combination with alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase slightly increased sDLL1 performance. sDLL1 may be useful to guide clinical management of patients with patients in endemic settings.
Engineering strategies for broad application of TCR-T- and CAR-T-cell therapies
Authors: Watanabe Keisuke , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi
Published: August 2021

Adoptive-cell therapy, including the transfer of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes after in vitro expansion or T cells redirected to tumor antigens using antigen-specific transgenic T-cell receptor T cells (TCR-T cells) or chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells), has shown a significant clinical impact. Particularly, several types of CAR-T-cell therapies have been approved for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The striking success of CAR-T-cell therapies in hematological malignancies motivates their further expansion to a wide range of solid tumors, yet multiple obstacles, including the lack of proper target antigens exhibiting a tumor-specific expression pattern and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) impairing the effector functions of adoptively transferred T cells, have prevented clinical application. Gene engineering technologies such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system have enabled flexible reprogramming of TCR/CAR-T-cell signaling or loading genes that are targets of the tumor immunosuppression as a payload to overcome the difficulties. Here, we discuss recent advances in TCR/CAR-T-cell engineering: various promising approaches to enhance the anti-tumor activity of adoptively transferred T cells in the TME for maximizing the efficacy and the safety of adoptive-cell therapy are now being tested in the clinic, especially targeting solid tumors.
Effect of nationwide concurrent drug utilization review program on drug–drug interactions and related health outcome
Authors: Kim Dong-Sook , Je Nam Kyung , Park Juhee , Lee Sukhyang
Published: August 2021

Background

A computerized drug utilization review (DUR) program has provided physicians and pharmacists with alerts on drug–drug interactions (DDIs), drug–age precautions and therapeutic duplication in Korea since 2010.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the DUR program on health outcomes associated with DDIs.

Methods

An uncontrolled before–after study was performed to investigate the impact of the nationwide DUR program on DDIs and related health outcomes. The study population consisted of people who used two types of DDI pairs before DUR implementation (from January 2009 to December 2010) and post-DUR implementation (from January 2012 to December 2013); (i) benzodiazepines with concurrent use of metabolic enzyme inhibitors and (ii) QTc (heart-rate corrected QT interval) prolongation agents. The main outcome measures were all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization admissions or emergency department (ED) visits.

Results

This study included 107 874 people who used benzodiazepines with enzyme inhibitors and 8489 who received co-medication of QTc prolongation agents. For patients receiving a combination of benzodiazepines and enzyme inhibitors, both all-cause hospitalization and cause-specific hospitalization decreased after DUR implementation, from 43.2% to 41.7% and from 4.6% to 4.5% (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93–0.98; OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84–0.99, respectively). For patients receiving co-medication of QTc prolongation agents, all-cause hospitalization (54.2%) was lower than before (54.9%) (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.79–0.96), but no significant change was found for cause-specific hospitalization and ED visits.

Conclusion

Implementation of a DUR program may reduce the adverse health outcomes posed by DDIs in patients on combination of benzodiazepines and enzyme inhibitors potentially QTc-prolongation agents.