bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions on smart home concept among the millennials in Johor
Authors: Rasyidah Z A , Hariati A H , Rosadah M , Maryanti M R
Published: May 2020

The concept of smart home is a rising trend within the housing industry in Malaysia. With the advance of technology, homeowners are able to control and monitor their home through the smartphone or other networked device. However, it was discovered that Malaysians are highly reluctant in adopting smart home concept and similar Internet of Things (IoT). Within the smart home market, there were cases where potential home buyer may be unaware of the technology, thus hinder its adoption and further development. This research aims to investigate the awareness of potential home buyers specifically among the young millennials on smart home concept; perception on the factors influencing them to buy and key features that they will consider in buying a smart home. Questionnaire survey has been conducted and descriptive analysis has been used to analyse the data. Findings showed that the knowledge on smart home concept is still low among the target population. Respondents with the intention to buy smart home has chosen ‘saving energy, time and money’ as the main factor influencing while ‘wireless lighting system’ as the key features that taken into consideration. These findings may encourage the adoption of the smart home concept among the Millennia Generation in Malaysia and therefore intensify its development in the future.
Feasibility study on potential of pedestrians’ footstep based energy harvesting (case study: UiTM Pulau Pinang)
Authors: Najwa Ismail Noorul Iqhlima , Abd Rahman Nurul Aishah , Yaccob Ahmad Amzari , Muhamad Noor Safwan , Jamaludin Siti Umrah
Published: May 2020

The rapid growth of population cause to increase demand of electricity supply. The increasing growth in population is an alternative solution to this concern, in which, human’s activity can contribute to generate electricity through energy-based released activities such as walking. Walking is an example of human activities that may do every day. When a person walks, the energy may lose to the surface in form of impact and vibration. This energy will be tapped and will convert to electrical energy. Therefore, the feasibility study on potential pedestrians’ footstep-based energy harvesting can be analyzed. UiTM Pulau Pinang has been selected as a case study because by doing in UiTM Pulau Pinang it can be seen clearly the percentage of successful of the study. Sidewalk in UiTM Pulau Pinang has the potential to be a basic medium for the study. Primary data was collected through site observation and measurement site. Meanwhile, the secondary data was by distributing questionnaire to the community in UiTM Pulau Pinang. From the questionnaire collected, the frequency of using sidewalk for each zone can be obtained. Distribution according to zones have been created to simplify the process of collecting data. After data from both methods used is obtained, the potential of footsteps-based energy harvesting can be analyzed.
Pedestrian’s perception toward quality of sidewalk facilities case study: UiTM Pulau Pinang
Authors: Najwa Ismail Noorul Iqhlima , Abd Rahman Nurul Aishah , Muhamad Noor Safwan , Yaccob Ahmad Amzari , Mohtar Nor Haslina
Published: May 2020

This paper is to study the quality of sidewalk facilities. In order to promote sustainable mobilization through public transportation, a good quality of sidewalk facilities is actually should be first been reviewed. The pedestrian sidewalk is very important to be improved. A quality sidewalk is a basic infrastructure in order to encourage public to choose public transports as their main medium of mobilization. Questionnaire survey are applied as to assess the critical dimension of current pedestrian facilities and to analyze the pedestrian perception of sidewalk quality. UiTM Pulau Pinang campus been selected as case study. The method uses in this study are qualitative and quantitative method. Qualitative method refer to observation and taking picture on the study area, meanwhile quantitative method refers to questionnaire survey distributed to 100 respondents including students, admin staffs and also lecturers. All the collected data have been analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result indicates that, there are 3 factor of dimension and 13 items are significant for this study area. The dimensions are Physical Facilities, Accessibility and Safety. From these 3 dimensions, the most critical dimension is Physical Facilities. Therefore, the most dissatisfaction dimension by the respondents is Physical Facilities with the gap value is -19.070. Based on the final research findings through both methods, it is found that the existing sidewalks are not in good quality. There are recommendations based on the 3 factors, which is provide the roof protection from bad weather along the sidewalk in UiTM Pulau Pinang campus, needs to increase the levels of pedestrian accessibility for sidewalk and ramps and lastly needs to provide more street lamp that in good condition along the sidewalk and more separate the sidewalk from vehicle.
Evaluation of speed distribution at horizontal curve on two-lane rural arterial highway under mesopic and photopic scenario
Authors: Effendy Rino , Adnan Muhammad Akram , Sulaiman Norliana , Tukiar Mohd Azuan , Zainuddin Nor Izzah
Published: May 2020

Drivers travel at speed they assumed to be comfortable to achieve prevailing conditions and road geometry. The relationship between road geometrical design and speed of travelling vehicle is very prominent especially when travelling at the horizontal curve of a roadway. Crash events on horizontal curve are higher by the range of 1.5 and 4 times compared to the tangent sections. This is because speed varies according to the perception of constrain imparted to the drivers by the road geometrical design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between design speeds, operating speeds, and speed limits while drivers negotiate the horizontal curve. Furthermore, this study also investigates the behaviour of driver manoeuvre on the horizontal curve under mesopic and photopic visions. The speed data measurement was based on spot speed data at specific points and locations using the laser gun detector. The study was carried out by analysing the speed characteristics during daytime at three different segments along the horizontal curve (i.e. transition at entering of curve, middle of curve, and transition at leaving of curve). Apart from that, the difference in the mean speed on the contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic conditions was determined via t-test. It discovered that vehicles travelling on transition entering the curve tend to travel at higher speed than on the middle of curve and on transition leaving the curve. Based on the preliminary finding, further testing on middle of curve at night time was carried out to find significant effect under mesopic and photopic visual conditions. The research also found that the existing speed limit of the selected road stretches was lower than the 85th percentile speed. The 85th percentile speed is a commonly used measure to decide the speed limit on a road.
Effects of crumbed para rubber on permanent deformation resistance of hot mix asphalt
Authors: Silimanotham Hatthaphone , Sangpetgnam Boonchai
Published: May 2020

In Thailand, natural para rubber (Hevea Brasiliensis) is gaining application in asphalt pavement construction. The natural rubber element helps extending the life period of asphalt pavement. Currently para rubber in a latex form is slowly added to hot asphalt binder and mixed together using shear mixer. An alternative of adding para rubber into asphalt pavement is applying para rubber crumbs into the hot mix asphalt (HMA) during the batch mixing process which is called “Dry Process”. The dry process has an advantage on its simplicity of quality inspection and less modification in the hot mix plant production process. This study has investigated the effects of adding crumbed para rubber particles on the engineering properties related to permanent deformation resistance of asphalt concrete. In this study, the asphalt mixture is prepared via Marshall Mix design, which contained with limestone and asphalt cement of Pen 60/70 at 5.4% by total weight. Crumbed para rubber at 2% by total volume was added in asphalt mixture via two methods, dispersive mixing method and layer method. The specimens that prepared from each method were compacted to cylinder shape according to the requirement of testing standard using Gyratory compactor. The specimens were tested to find resilient modulus and dynamic creep responses. The results showed that adding crumbed para rubber in aggregate by dispersive mixing method is the most effective method. It has increased significantly the resistance to permanent deformation compared with the conventional mixture.
Influence of steel fiber shapes on fresh and hardened properties of steel fiber reinforcement self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC)
Authors: Sulthan Faiz
Published: May 2020

Concrete material has low tensile strength and brittle characteristics. The solution to overcome this weakness is using ductile materials such as steel fibers. The use of steel fibers has constraints in workability. To facilitate work in the field, it was developed to become self-compacting concrete (SCC). SCC which uses additional steel fibers is known as steel fibers reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC). The development of steel fiber shapes from beginning to the present has produced many types of shapes, including straight, crimped, and hooked. Based on the various shapes of steel fiber, further development of SFRSCC technology needs to be carried out. This paper analyzed the influence of steel fiber types consisting of the three types of shapes on the physical and mechanical properties of SFRSCC. The methodology in this paper is to use a literature review and experimental methods. The results of the analysis show that all types of steel fibers result in a decrease of workability. the most decreased workability contains steel fibers of hooked type, and while the least decreased one used steel fibers of straight type. The results of the mechanical properties analysis showed the opposite, the largest increase in mechanical properties was obtained using hooked type, and straight type. For optimum physical and mechanical properties, crimped type is recommended as a type of steel fiber in the SFRSCC.
Properties of fly ash concrete containing tropical soil bacteria
Authors: Marwar N F , Mohd. Sam A R , Shahir S , Algaifi H A , Abd Khalid N H , Mohd Ali M F , Mohd Almi M K , Ibrahim I S
Published: May 2020

The autonomous crack healing process using microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a sustainable alternative to overcome propagation of micro-cracks and restore the durability of concrete. This paper presents the potential use of tropical soil bacteria as a self-healing agent for fly ash concrete. A solution of 107 cells/mL Lysinibacillus sphaericus (L. sphaericus), was selected to be the self-healing agent by replacing partially the amount of water. Concrete cube specimens with 30% fly ash, were cured under two conditions, which are water and air curing. The potential effects of the self-healing agent was evaluated in terms of the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), initial surface absorption test (ISAT) and compressive strength. The initial results show an improvement of UPV and between 12% and 54% improvement on the compressive strength for the bacterial concrete compared to the control specimen. It was probably due to the presence of the microbial calcium carbonate that fills the concrete pores through the inclusion of bacteria in the concrete. However, based on the ISAT value, the direct addition of bacterial solution increased the concrete’s permeability. Thus, further investigation is suggested to assess the self-healing effect towards permeability and compressive strength of bacterial concrete.
The effects of seaweed powder to the properties of polymer modified concrete
Authors: Sarbini Noor Nabilah , Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal , Ismail Mohammad , Tajol Anuar Muhd Zubair
Published: May 2020

Eucheuma Cottonii is a sea plant that commonly known as seaweed grows abundantly and part of the products in agricultural industries. The effects of alginate from seaweed benefited the properties of composites due to its advantage as a hydrophilic gelling material. This paper investigates the effects of Eucheuma Cottonii in polymer modified concrete. The investigations covers on the physical properties and mechanical properties of the polymer modified concrete based on different percentages of seaweed powder. The percentages chosen are 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% cement replacement inside polymer modified concrete. The effects on the seaweed powder percentage to the properties of polymer modified concrete are determined through microstructural, water absorption, pulse velocity, compressive strength and indirect tensile strength. Findings from the experimental works show that an optimum seaweed powder percentage into polymer modified concrete is 20% with improvement shows from the mechanical properties. It can be concluded that, seaweed powder potentially acted as a binder in polymer modified concrete and suitably chosen as a sustainable material inside polymer modified concrete.
Behaviour of rectangular gusset plate with angle cleat connections for cold-formed steel section
Authors: Aminuddin KM , Saggaff Anis , Tahir Mahmood Md , Ngian Shek Poi , Sulaiman Arizu , Firdaus Muhammad , Salih Musab N A
Published: May 2020

Cold-formed steel (CFS) members designed with proper stiffener can significantly increase the loading capacity of the connected member even though they are thin and slender. Design recommendations of connections especially for CFS sections are mostly related to the load-carrying capacities of individual fasteners such as bolts, screws, and rivets. The proposed bolted top-seat flange cleat joint in this paper should be able to categorize as semi-rigid that can further enhance the use of CFS in structural steel. This paper aims to investigate the behaviour of cold-formed steel section with gusset plate integrated with angle cleats. The full-scale isolated joint test was conducted on three specimens where the size of column size is C30024, and the size of beams is C20024, C25024, and C30024. All sections are 2.4mm thick. The connections were stiffened with a rectangular gusset plate of 10mm thick and angle cleat of 6 mm thick, respectively. The result of the test showed that the moment resistance (Mj) of the connection for beam sections C20024, C25024 and C30024 were 45.3 kNm, 48,8 kNm, and 52.5 kNm respectively. The initial stiffness (Sj,ini) of the connections for beam section C20024, C25024 and C30024 were 510 kNm/rad, 650 kNm/rad and 610 kNm/rad respectively. The experimental results showed that the ratio of the moment resistance ranged from 1.00 to 1.16, and the ratio of initial stiffness ranged 1.00 to 1.35 as compared to the numerical analysis adopted from EC3 code.
The Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Fly Ash from Hongsa Power Plant
Authors: Saphouvong K. , Thepvongsa K. , Sonemanivong C. , Simixay S.
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the investigation of properties of fresh and hardened concrete which combines of two cementitious materials, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Fly Ash (FA) from Hongsa Power Plant. The mixed proportion of concrete has been designed for 0.38 of water-binder ratio (w/p) and the replacement ratio of FA to OPC is 5% to 40% by mass which steps every 5% of FA. The total binders in the mixed proportion is 445kg/m3. The water reducing admixture which is Modified poly carboxylate type was used. The slump flow, T500, V-funnel and L-box were tested for investigation of the properties of fresh concrete. Then, compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete at 28 days of age were carried out for examining the hardened concrete properties. The results of study show that using cement combining with fly ash from Hongsa Power Plant improved the rheology of fresh concrete and the hardened concrete properties also have been improved dramatically.
Construction Procurement in Industrialised Building System
Authors: Ahamad Nurulhuda Binti , Binti Mazlan Ain Naadia , Zin Rosli Mohamad , Tukirin Siti Asiah
Published: May 2020

The government, through CIDB Malaysia have continuously promoting Industrialised Building System (IBS) to increase the immense efficiency of the building performance structure. However, the level of IBS adoption among the construction players in Malaysia is still low and far from the government expectation. It is evident that most of the IBS projects developments in Malaysia are still conducted by using the conventional procurement method. This creates a number of issues such as reworks, time delay, rising cost, lack of communication and integration problem. Thus, this paper will identify existing procurement process used for IBS projects in Malaysia construction industry. Identifying existing procurement process helps in providing significant elements before creation of a more effective new procurement for IBS projects in Malaysia. Expert interviews was used, whereby 5 (five) interviews sessions were conducted with IBS experts in Malaysia construction industry. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the interview result by identifying the existing procurement process adopted in current IBS projects. Findings from expert interviews showed that there are three different procurement process commonly applied in current IBS projects. Result also shown that one of the significant barriers to IBS adoption is the current practice of procurement and team integration. Therefore, a more effective new procurement for IBS projects should be considered and pursued urgently in order to improve IBS implementation in the Malaysian construction industry.
Screening of native ureolytic bacteria for self-healing in cementitious materials
Authors: Algaifi Hassan Amer , Mohd Sam Abdul Rahman , Bakar Suhaimi Abu , Zainal Abidin Ahmad Razin , Shahir Shafinaz
Published: May 2020

In recent years, microbial calcium carbonate has been recognised for its potential to self-heal cementitious material by mimicking the natural biological systems of healing wounds. Thus, the inevitable microcracks and concrete pores can be filled with microbial calcium carbonate to prevent any aggressive chemical flow or water and prolong the life span of the structure. Recently, numerous studies have reported on bio-concrete incorporating bacterial species such as B. sphaericus and B. pasteruii, although there are limited studies on the B. pseudomycoides species. In this study, new native ureolytic bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The morphology, characteristics, and ureolytic production of the bacteria were investigated through biochemical tests. The bacterial enhancement efficiency of the concrete compressive strength was also examined. The results demonstrated that the bacteria are gram-positive with encouraging characteristics such as endospore formation, which is required for application in harsh environments such as concrete. The native bacteria also demonstrated high urease enzyme productivity. Furthermore, the applicability of the bacterial spores and vegetative cells-urea solution as a healing agent in concrete was demonstrated by increasing concrete compressive strength by 10% and 15% compared to the control sample with the optimum cell concentration of 2×107 cell/ml. This finding was attributed to the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the pore volume and confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Building Condition Assessment (BCA) on school building in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Noor Syahirah Mohd , Richard Hazel Kiddo , Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal , Sarbini Noor Nabilah , Hanseung Lee , Kumar Jitendra
Published: May 2020

The standard guideline for Building Condition Assessment (BCA) [7] has been introduced by Public Work Department of Malaysia to manage the government’s building in Malaysia especially in Peninsular Malaysia. Whereby, BCA has never been implemented in Public Work Department of Sabah. Since there is so many buildings need to be maintained especially existing school building, it is the right time to introduce a systematic assessment method for managing the maintenance work. Visual inspections for the selected building have been done with reference to Standard guideline for Building Condition Assessment (BCA) [7] by Public Work Department of Malaysia. Building Condition Assessment online system (BCA-OS) by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Forensic Centre was used to analyse the existing physical condition of the building in order to determine the rating of the buildings. By using this system, the building wil1 be rated 1 (good) to 5 (critical). Material testing will be conducted to building with rating 3, 4 and 5. This paper will discussed the results obtained from Building Condition Assessment online system (BCA-OS) and test result on 2 blocks of a school in Sabah. In this study it is found that Building Condition Assessment online system are convenient to use and useful to rate the actual physical condition of the existing building. The rating from BCA-OS was found to be really representing the actual condition observed from visual inspection.
Impact of Corroded Bars and Spalling on the Bond Strength of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Ajagbe Wasiu O , Ganiyu Abideen A , Okoloekwe Chike , Al-Alawi Hilal S
Published: May 2020

The mechanism of the composite materials in Reinforced Concrete Structure is such that they both have to undergo the same stress and deformation as the surrounding, so as to prevent discontinuity, slip, or separation of both materials. Bond strength results from a combination of several parameters, such as the mutual adhesion between the concrete and steel interfaces and the pressure of the hardened concrete against the steel bar or wire due to the drying shrinkage of the concrete. A total of 24 singly reinforced beams with plain 10mm and 12mm steel rods were cast for this study. The beams were designed to fail by flexure and to allow bond slips occur before ultimate failure. The spalling effect was simulated by debonding the bars along its entire length with PVC pipes thus restricting concrete and steel contact. The beams are then subjected to flexural test by inducing a point load on its mid span. The results of the investigation reveals a slight increase in the bond strength of about 2.68% with the use of already corroded bars and the bond strength decreased by 39.2% and 81.8% for bars that had 25% and 50% of their perimeters debonded. The increase in bond strength with the use of corroded bars can be ascribed to the increased frictional resistance owing to the corroded bars surface roughness. The loss of bond strength with decrease in contact area was as a result of the bar being unable to resist perpendicular stresses and was easily pushed out of the beam.
Effects of water-cement ratio and notches to the flexural strength of concrete
Authors: Ahmad Shah Mohamad Shazwan , Noor Norhazilan Md. , Hong Kueh Ahmad Beng , Tamin Mohd. Nasir
Published: May 2020

It is often assumed that flexural strength of concrete has less significance impact on overall concrete strength. However, from fracture mechanics point-of-view tensile is an element the mechanics always look into due to cracking does associate with tension. In the research, fracture is translated into physical laboratory experiment by introducing notches. Physical laboratory works on concrete beams with three-point bend test configuration under static load and calculating outputs from laboratory with numerical equations. Three-point bend test method is conducted because from the testing, tensile strength or also recognised as flexural strength of concrete for each water-cement ratio could be attain. Thus, the aim of this article is to reveal and discuss the pattern of flexural strength of concrete on different water-cement ratio. The testing follows conventional fracture three-point bend test on concrete but with revised version by testing notched concrete beams. Normal three-point bend tests were run on concrete beams with different notch sizes; 30 mm, 15mm, and 5 mm respectively. There were three water-cement ratio decided in concrete mix; 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. Thus, the trend of flexural strength of concrete follows the trend of water-cement ratio. Flexural strength increases when water-cement ratio increases up to water-cement ratio 0.5.
Specification for Torsional Bracing Design of Steel I Girder Simple Span Bridges During Construction Stage
Authors: Huynh T N , Nguyen R A , Pham D M , Pham T L T , Nguyen K T
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, steel bridge structure is becoming the trend of highways and bridges construction industry on not only the material characteristic but also its ability to be manufactured easily and reduce the constructing time. However, this structure still has its own disadvantages. One of the most critical factors greatly influencing the performance of the whole structure is the buckling capacity of the main girders, especially during construction stage. The most common solution for increasing the structure’s buckling capacity is to provide it with discrete bracing along the girder’s length. The designing of bracing for steel bridges requires high precision. If the design of the system is much stiffer than it demands, the structure will easily be prone to fatigue problems. In the other hand, if the bracing design does not meet its required stiffness, the whole structure’s stability will greatly reduce. Presently, many projects are designed too sufficiently leading to a huge waste of cost and time. Therefore, the expected results of this study are to propose an optimal design process for the bracing system design of steel I girder simple span bridges and a finite element model of a real-life steel bridge to confirm the reliability of the specification proposed.
Introducing Effective Microorganism as Self-curing Agent in Self-cured Concrete
Authors: Memon R P , Sam A R M , Awang A Z , Tahir M M , Mohamed A , Kassim K A , Ismail A
Published: May 2020

The primary reason for the curing of concrete is to complete the hydration reactions of cement with other materials. However, the problem occurs when required ideal curing becomes challenging due to various anomalous structural elements. To mitigate this issue, a bacterial solution known as Effective Microorganism (EM) has been introduced as a self-curing agent that has favourable surface tension, viscosity and solubility in water. Different percentage of water i.e. 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% were replaced with EM. The optimisation of percentage replacement of EM was based on the compression strength and water loss of concrete. The percentage of EM with 10% water replacing showed better compression strength as compared to other percentage replacements. With the optimum 10% percentage, compression strength was found 42 MPa and 49 MPa compared with 33 MPa and 43 MPa with control samples with air and water curing respectively. The water loss also reduced 2% with 10% EM replacement compared to the control sample. Results showed that 10% of EM is the optimum value to get desirable properties of concrete in air and water curing. EM can be used as a new self-curing agent as a novel approach in the area of self-curing concrete.
Precast Connection Behaviour Using Finite Element
Authors: Ishak M F , Hashim N
Published: May 2020

Precast concrete structure is not a new system in construction industry. Despite the several of advantages offer like ease in installation process, there is still a weakness especially on the stability of the whole structure where critical area at joint and connection. This issue has been a huge barrier in construction industry and become continuous topic for researcher. The connection strength is the most important part in precast system. Due to lack of standard, there are two common approaches in identifying strength and behaviour of connection, which is through experimental work and computational modelling. In this study, corbel connection at beam-column are chosen as a model for conducting a 3-dimensional finite element analysis using ABAQUS and results were validated with theory and experiments from previous study. Results of load-displacement show that the precast corbel have bending stiffness range to 4.5 kN/mm and found with ±10% different when compare to the experiment and theory. By establish the analysis and parameters; finite element analysis is an economical way to replace with tedious laboratory testing in identifying the behaviour of other precast connection. In future, researcher may gather all precast connection data for design purpose and standard development for precast system.
Cyclic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints with Corbels Under In-Plane Lateral Loads
Authors: Kay Dora A.G. , Hamid N.H. , Rozli M.I.F. , Che Nooryohana Z.
Published: May 2020

Corbels appearance in precast beam-column joints has a significant impact on the behaviour of the transition zone at the end of the beam which could help in delaying the yielding of the top reinforcement bars and increase the stiffness of the joint. The presence of corbels also released the development of unnecessary strain at the top of the internal reinforcement bars. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to access the emulative approach for beam-column joints with corbels in terms of structural behaviour for any seismic action through experimental work. Comparison of the experimental hysteresis loops (load versus displacement) and seismic performance for the three types of joints were made. Three full-scale sub-assemblages of corner, exterior and interior precast beam-column joints with corbel were designed using BS8110 Code of Practice. These three specimens were constructed and tested in a heavy structural laboratory under in-plane lateral cyclic loading. The corner, exterior and interior beam-column joints were tested starting from ±0.01% until 1.35% drift, ±1.00% drift and ±1.15% drift, respectively. This study found that the existence of corbels in precast joints can delay the yielding of the top reinforcement bars and increase the stiffness of the joint. However, the experimental result has proved that the corbel for corner beam-column joint was the weakest point of the joint based on the crack damaged at the corbel. On the other hand, the experimental work found that precast beam-column corner joint specimen exhibited 21.5% more ductile behaviour as compared to other two specimens. However, the ductility values for all specimens were recorded at less than 3, indicating that precast beam-column joint specimens were not able to take moderate to strong earthquake excitation.
Evaluation of Crop Water Requirements for Yazagyo Irrigated Area, Myanmar
Authors: Myint Mar Lar
Published: May 2020

Accurate estimation of crop water requirements (ETc) is essential for the irrigation scheduling and water management of Yazagyo irrigated area, Myanmar. FAO defined the crop water requirements as the depth of water needed to meet the water loss through evapotranspiration of a crop, being disease-free, growing in large fields under non-restricting soil conditions, including soil water and fertility, and achieving full production potential under the given growing environment. It is essential to have a clear idea about the optimum water requirement for proposed crops under adaptable climatic conditions. The optimal crop water requirement mainly depends upon the accurate estimation of evapotranspiration and crop coefficient. To perform in this study, firstly Meteorological data of Kalay Station, in Myanmar are collected from 1995 to 2018. On the other hand, the different kinds of crops such as paddy, groundnut, sesame, sunflower, bean, and pea are considered for the estimation of seasonal crop water requirements for this area. Based on the crop growth stages in this area, crop coefficient curves are developed and crop coefficients are determined for each crop according to FAO manual. By using monthly crop coefficients and CROPWAT 8.0 software, reference crop evapotranspiration, crop water requirements and total irrigation requirements are presented for the selected area.
Development of dead-end system calculation model for water reticulation design using Microsoft Excel with optimized algorithm: a case study at regional operations center (ROC) Melaka, Malaysia
Authors: Lim J.R , Kutty S.R.M , Ghaleb A.A.S , Almahbashi N.M.Y , Al-Sabaeei A.M.
Published: May 2020

This paper presents computation of Dead-End System for Water Reticulation using Excel Spreadsheet. An on-going project entitled Regional Operations Center (ROC) located in Melaka, Malaysia was taken as a case study for this research in which all the information needed such as water demand, tapping pressure and location were referred. In a Civil and Structural consulting firm, a great amount of time (approximately 5 hours) had been taken in performing Dead- End analysis. Furthermore, the computation of design by the engineers is a tedious process as the previous spreadsheet contains wrong and insufficient information. With that, this research is aimed to design a Dead-End System Calculation which can compute the necessary information needed in Water Reticulation. As well, the study aims to verify the accuracy of the above said calculation spreadsheet by using EPANET which is a modelling tool for drinking water distribution. This research was done first by designing the calculation spreadsheet using preliminary information from ROC. Then, the exact same design was computed by using EPANET. Next, comparison of results taken from both methods was carried out. Lastly, the comparison on time taken to compute water reticulation design between the previous available spreadsheet and the calculation spreadsheet designed through this research was done. The verified calculation spreadsheet will allow users to get hydraulic information such as velocity, optimum pipe size, residual pressure and total head loss.
Optimal Production Quantity in Rubber Industry
Authors: Siregar I , Rizkya I , Sari Rahmi M , Syahputri Khalida
Published: May 2020

The increasing demand for rubber makes rubber production companies continue to make improvements in production planning determination continuously in order to meet consumer demand. The largest rubber production company in Indonesia is still experiencing problems in its production activities. In some periods the company still often experiences production mismatches with consumer demand, especially in Centrifuged Latex products as the highest demand product. The incompatibility of the quantity of demands with the production amount results in the emergence of other costs and the company loses the chance to get maximum income. Consequently, it is essential to analyse the company making planning activities using the goal programming method. Based on the outcomes of data processing carried out, company profits with goal programming solutions of Rp. 43.778.032.320, which is an increase of 0,99% compared to production according to consumer demand. The percentage increase in profits is relatively small, this is shows that the production planning carried out by the company is optimal.
Determination of Joint Lot Size using the supply chain approach with Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) Method at PT. XYZ
Authors: Nasution Abdillah Arif , Erlina  , Rujiman  , Situmeang Chandra
Published: May 2020

PT. XYZ is a company producing animal feed products which is located in the Medan Region. This company is a branch of Z Group company based in Surabaya. In the process company business activities, both from the process of ordering raw materials to suppliers up to the sale of products to buyers, often happens planning mismatches in determining production lots so often cause overstock and stockout. This is based on the lack of integration each component in the supply chain. Each component is still using the traditional way that is by making each plan without coordinating with each other. This manufacturing company still needs to do improvements in the production planning system. The absence of the PPIC Department make planning in the production in the company becomes out of control. This study aims to improve the supply chain system by method VMI and determine the optimum combined lot size by the JELS method. The JELS calculation results show an optimal Q of 8,692 bags, with QM for 437,082 bags with a frequency of product shipments 50 times and the frequency of replenishment of raw materials 13 times.
Calculation of Physiological Load and Energy Consumption of Warehouse Operators in Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Panjaitan Nismah , Huda Listiani Nurul , Rahmi Arnita
Published: May 2020

The modest workload provided by operators is the responsibility of every manufacturing company. Operators with excessive workload on an ongoing basis will cause discomfort and even abnormalities in the physiological operator, especially in the muscles and joints. In this study, workload, work frequency and work posture become independent variables while energy consumption becomes the dependent variable that will be reviewed thoroughly to see the workload of operators. Data collected directly about the operator’s energy consumption indicates the operator is experiencing a heavy workload. Lifting and moving activities carried out by operators must be immediately carried out repairs. In the near future the improvement of operator activities when lifting must be fixed immediately because it exceeds the energy consumption limit of 8.63 Kcal / minute, 8.063 Kcal/minute dan 8.175 Kcal/minute.
Development on Meso Ergonomics in Manufacturing Based on Research Trends in The Last Twenty Years
Authors: Panjaitan Nismah , Ali Amir Yazid Bin , Samat Hasnida Ab
Published: May 2020

Meso ergonomics continues to develop, research journals on meso ergonomics continue to increase in number, meso ergonomic discussions are carried out ranging from the scope of studies to the application of meso ergonomics in various fields. Macro, meso and micro ergonomics do not yet have clear scope limits, this makes the researchers continue to conduct studies on the limits of meso ergonomic studies. The application of ergonomic science continues to be developed by researchers, during the span of 1997 to 2017 a total of 51 studies on ergonomic meso were carried out, the main focus of the research was carried out in the fields of health, services, manufacturing and other fields. Meso ergonomic research in the field of health as many as 20 studies, 6 services and 12 fields of manufacturing and 13 other fields of research. Most research occurred in the health sector with the most research in 2005 as many as 5 studies, research in the field of health, especially in hospitals consisting of, managerial design and improvement, improvement of hospital services and the impact of managerial policies on nurses. In the field of services, the focus of his research is the managerial system and improvement of the customer’s perspective on services. In manufacturing the focus of the research is to maximize output by taking into account worker fatigue. All fields of ergonomic meso studies will be evaluated because they still have shortcomings and are not credible
Analysis of Production Obstacles in Assembling G Line Process Using FMEA Method (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis)
Authors: Siregar Khawarita , Ariani Farida , Sari Rahmi M , Rizkya Indah , Simanjuntak Lauren Sopar
Published: May 2020

PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the manufacturing industry of manufacturing four-wheeled vehicles. Based on the results of preliminary observations, it was found that the production process in the G Line assembling section in this company had problems that could hamper the smooth production process. Problems that occur during the production process can reduce work time so that the number of products produced by the company becomes reduced. These problems can also result in the number of products produced not according to the number of products planned. To reduce the barriers to production, this study uses the FMEA method to identify the most potential causes of production barriers in the G line assembling process and recommendations for the solutions given. Based on the research conducted, it is known that there are several types of production barriers. Then the calculation of the percentage of disability is done to obtain a pareto diagram. Based on the calculation results, it was found that the types of production barriers analyzed were final line no body with a total resistance of 1400 and a percentage of disability 75.31%. The recommended solution is to provide training to operators so that operators have better skills.
Decision Tree to Predict the Color Quality of Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBPO)
Authors: Sembiring Meilita Tryana , Chailes Steven , Sawaluddin
Published: May 2020

There are many factors that can affect the quality of Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil produced. Every step in RBDPO processing must be mastered very precisely in terms of process conditions such as temperature, flowrate, dose, pressure, etc. This condition can vary from one facility to another and therefore requires the company’s own specifications / rules to implement and integrate all production process facilities until the product is produced. The focus of the study on this particular task is the quality problems faced by companies in the Refinery section where research is carried out using data mining concepts to predict data logsheets that are written every 24 hours by refinery operators. The data can be used as a tool to predict the color quality of Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBPO). The use of Data Mining in this study is to facilitate operators in managing machine settings to achieve the quality required by the company directly. So that the Refinery section does not need to wait for the results of laboratory tests which require approximately 2 hours to find out the RBDPO quality results.
Planning of warehouse area for vise manufacturing by considering raw material requirements
Authors: Sitepu Muhammad Haikal , McKay Alison , Alda Tania , Siregar Lamsihar , Irawan Ali Akbar
Published: May 2020

Availability of raw materials is important for maintaining the continuity of production. However, in planning inventory for raw materials, several factors such as availability of warehouse space for raw material, handling cost, order cost, transportation time are used in determining amount of raw material need to be stocked. Vise is important tool to support finishing process such as cutting and grinding. Vise consists of several parts such as base, right clamp body and handle. These parts need to be stored in warehouse to support the manufacturing of vise. Hence, the warehouse space must be adequate to store raw materials for manufacturing vise within certain period of time. This paper aims to demonstrate the calculation of warehouse area based on the material requirements that are calculated based on material removal rate for each process.
Material handling selection for vise manufacturing using Hassan algorithm
Authors: Sitepu Muhammad Haikal , Alda Tania , Nasution Andri , Suci Amalia Meilita Tryana Sembiring , Habibi Anggi Ridho
Published: May 2020

One type of transportation in industrial companies, for moving raw materials, semi-finished goods or finished goods from their original place to destination can be called as material handling. There are several material handling equipment available for manufacturing industry such as forklift, crane, conveyor, hand truck and trolley. However, not all material handling equipment are appropriate for specific manufacturing such as vise manufacturing. The selection of appropriate and efficient material handling equipment is important for reducing material handling cost. Around 20% of production cost is allocated for material handling activities. Vise consists of several part with different processes and materials. As the result, the flow of materials between processes are high. This paper aims to select appropriate material handling for vise manufacturing. Hassan’s algorithm is used as a method for selecting material handling that consider various factors such as price, time and distances. Four types of material handling namely trolley, hand truck, wheeled rack, and hand pallet, are selected in this paper.
Determination of Inventory Policy based on ABC Classification
Authors: Rizkya I , Sari R M , Erwin  , Sari R F
Published: May 2020

Inventory control is very necessary to prevent supply shortages. The right policy in managing inventory will reduce inventory costs. The type of inventory classification is needed to carry out appropriate handling in managing inventory in both the manufacturing and service industries. Drug inventory classification is done by ABC analysis to manage inventory so that no stock out occurs. ABC analysis tends to profit oriented product because it is based on the funds needed from each type of supply. From the results of data processing analysis, in category A (Always) were 46 types (10,8%) with the annual investment of drugs 70,39%, category B (Better) as many as 74 types (17,3%) with the annual investment is 19,99%, and category C (Control) as many as 307 types (71,9%) with of the total annual investment is 9,61%.
Management Support in Enhancing Participatory Ergonomic Interventions in Palm Oil Industry
Authors: Anizar  , Matondang AR , Ismail R , Nazaruddin
Published: May 2020

This study is conducted in a palm oil industry in North Sumatera. The palm oil industry, which has great potential to end poverty, is usually performed by manual workers in such a way that it may cause musculoskeletal disorders. This is a challenge for future palm oil industry’s continuity. Participatory ergonomic intervention is one way to reduce this risk and needs management support for its success in implementation. A questionnaire is then spread to find the most influential type of management support that may promote active participation from workers. The recapitulation of the questionnaire shows that “being involved” as the highest score, followed by work authority and management commitment. Workers’ participation in ergonomic program implementation can only be realized if the management is committed.
Electronic Snellen Chart with Bluetooth Connection and Smartphone App
Authors: Fajrin H R , Adnan R N , Irfan M , Sari I P
Published: May 2020

Snellen chart is a tool to measure a person’s visual acuity consisting of a series of black capitalized letters on a whiteboard arranged in rows. Snellen charts commonly used in many hospitals today are still in the form of posters, which are inefficient because to show the letters on the Snellen board, we still have to input it manually. Therefore, an electronic Snellen chart tool, which is considered to be more efficient and practical is made. The control device is an application on a cellphone connected via Bluetooth by utilizing LED as lighting while showing letters on the Snellen chart. It will facilitate ophthalmologists to perform examinations, and also show the letters by pressing a button on the cellphone so that they can install a trial lens without having to return to the Snellen board to indicate the letters. The testing method used in this study tested the Bluetooth connection and the tool’s performance with seven questions on a questionnaire testing method to determine the eligibility of the instrument. The feasibility test results by using a questionnaire show that it has 82.8% feasibility percentage with 0.9 validity rate and 0.87 reliability; moreover, the results of 20 trials of Bluetooth connection testing have a 100% success rate. The questionnaire results showed that the tool is eligible and proper to use because the installation of the application is easy to do.