bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Contemporary Philosophy of Science: An Eternal Return
Authors: Kasavin Ilya T. , Shipovalova Lada V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2022

The article explores the contemporary philosophy of science in the context of the idea of eternal return. The problematization of the intellectual field “after postpositivism” runs through the renewed questions “what?”, “how?”, “who?” and “for what?” of scientific research. This questioning is a search for bearings in the historical space and time that determines “after what?” or “back to whom?” the thinking about science unfolds. Such a reflexive appeal to the origins leads to the ideas of the philosophy of science of the first half of the twentieth century. It is then that the main differences within the research of science were formed: between sociological and methodological approaches, between philosophy and disciplines that study science, between the goals of forming a worldview and managing science. The philosophy of science “after postpositivism” expresses itself in the controversial interpretation of the subject matter and method of the study of science, in the division of labor between disciplines and approaches that lose the possibility of constructive interaction and reach the point of “science wars”. In conclusion, it is argued that philosophy as the "hard core” of scientific research, a historical appeal to the origins of scientific activity and the interpretation of the scientific revolution as a renewal of tradition can make such modernity valuable for return.
On the Analysis of the Reflexion in Science, in the Russian Philosophy, and the STS Strong Program
Authors: Bazhanov Valentin A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2022

This reply draws attention to the importance of taking into account the results of the study of the phenomenon of reflexivity in scientific knowledge, which have been obtained in the domestic philosophical and methodological tradition. We believe that taking this kind of results into account could enrich the analysis of the strong programme in the STS. We touch the origins of reflexive tendencies, the reflexive and non-reflexive in scientific knowledge, personal and transpersonal forms, the types and levels of reflexion in science, as well as denote the mechanisms that allows taking an external position in relation to the subject about which reflexive procedures are carried out (if we mean the interval approach implementation).
On the Universality of Philosophical Reflection: Reply to Critics
Authors: Stoliarova Olga E. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2022

The author replies and comments on the critical remarks and ideas expressed by her opponents concerning the principle of reflexivity and its philosophical realization. The general idea of the opponents that philosophical reflection, even if addressed to itself, cannot ignore the results of empirical sciences, is highlighted.
Kuhn, Lakatos, and the Historical Turn in the Philosophy of Mathematics
Authors: Shaposhnikov Vladislav A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2022

The paper deals with Kuhn’s and Lakatos’s ideas related to the so-called “historical turn” and its application to the philosophy of mathematics. In the first part the meaning of the term “postpositivism” is specified. If we lack such a specification we can hardly discuss the philosophy of science that comes “after postpositivism”. With this end in view, the metaphor of “generations” in the philosophy of science is used. It is proposed that we restrict the use of the term “post-positivism” to two and only two philosophical “generations”: the one to which Kuhn, Lakatos and Feyerabend belong, and the previous “generation” to which Wittgenstein, Polanyi, Popper and Quine (as well as the major part of logical positivists) belong. From this point of view, Bloor, Latour, Pickering, Daston and Galison belong to the “third generation” which represents the philosophy of science “after post-positivism”. The characteristic feature of post-positivism is the combination of decisive impact of logical positivism and its severe criticism. This combination inevitably makes post-positivism a transitional form in the philosophy of science. In the second part the contribution of the “big four” of post-positivist philosophers (Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos, and Feyerabend) to the radical change in the philosophy of mathematics in the second half of the 20th century is analyzed. Primarily, they shifted philosophical interest from the logical analysis of formal systems to the historical dynamics of informal mathematics. They also reconsidered the sharp opposition between mathematics and the physical sciences. However, the transitional character of their philosophy manifests itself both in their treatment of mathematics and their way of understanding history. On the one hand, their “heritage” is ambiguous, on the other hand, it opens new perspectives. Neither Kuhn, nor Lakatos, have eliminated completely the methodological barrier positing the fundamental heterogeneity of mathematics and natural science. Neither Lakatos, nor Kuhn, adhered to the viewpoint of relentless historicism. Nevertheless, it is their work that has made these options open for today’s historians and philosophers of science, even for philosophers of mathematics.
Envy in Logic Based Therapy
Authors: Guajardo Ivan ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: November 2022

Contemporary research offers a more compelling account on the complex emotion of envy than the traditional view of envy as simply something bad. This essay explains how Logic-Based Therapy can use this account to coach individuals struggling with negative species of envy. Given that jealousy and envy are often equated, the essay differentiates the two; explains the conditions that make the four species of envy possible; identifies cardinal fallacies associated with negative species of envy; proposes counteractive virtues, and describes ways to help people struggling with negative species of envy acquire these virtues.
Uplifting Philosophies in Naruto
Authors: Jadhav Aaditya Vijay ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: November 2022

Logic-Based Therapy (LBT), a modality of Philosophical Counselling, believes that humans suffer because of their faulty thinking patterns. It suggests antidotal reasoning and uplifting philosophies that help counselees refute these thinking patterns and adopt a healthier way of life. This paper investigates the possibility of using the influential ideologies found in Naruto (a Japanese manga and anime) in the framework of LBT, as suitable uplifting philosophies. The anime has been interpreted through the lens of Conversational Model Therapy, Japanese values, violence studies, etc.; there is an unavailability of research on its connection with philosophical counselling. This paper aims to fill the gap by reviewing literature on concepts in counselling, LBT, and philosophical counseling. It also attempts at providing behavioral exercises for the readers to implement in their own life.
Recommender algorithms as a source of power in contemporary society
Authors: Bojić Ljubiša
Published: November 2022

Both tech companies and AI algorithms exercise immense power in today's globally interconnected world, which is based on big data and digital footprints of online users. This paper analyses the transfer of power from societies to tech companies and algorithms with the aim of examining whether recommender algorithms can be considered a public good. Deployed methods include content analysis and literature reviews. The study has found that control exercised over public opinion, decisions and moods of online users is unprecedented to such a high degree in human history. The above-mentioned control is based on the impact of both tech companies and algorithms. The limitation of this research is the lack of quantitative analysis. Future research should concentrate on defining recommender algorithms as a public good and analyzing how different media content, including virtual reality, affects citizens' psychology.
"Vojvodina nation": Ideological motive and anti-historical narrative
Authors: Marković Saša
Published: November 2022

The paper represents the historiographic facing with the narrative about the need to construct the "Vojvodina nation". This narrative, aware of the need for validity and historical persistence, searches for a foundation in its specific interpretation of historiography. The starting point can be found in the acceptance of the historical context of the emancipation of the Serbian national idea in the Habsburg Monarchy. Such discourse is also applied to the Yugoslav state organization, regardless of its divergent character in relation to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the circumstances of the liberation and defence war, in which quite a harmonized national interest of Serbs was realized about unity in the joint state. The ideological prejudice about the meta-ethnic character of Yugoslav unity prevailing after the victory of the socialist revolution, led to the federalist concept of the state organization created on the ruins of the alleged "Great Serbian" national idea. Despite intentions, the circumstance of the socialist building of the Yugoslav society did not prevent the development of nationalist ideas of party bureaucrats. It was a prerequisite for the development of Vojvodina statism and national-building.
Social isolation of police officers
Authors: Vranešević Milena , Subošić Dane
Published: November 2022

The theoretical part of the research refers to the analysis of the theoretical material regarding police subculture, with the focus of social isolation of police officers. That is what led to theoretical attitudes, on the basis of which the questions were formulated in the survey questionnaires. Two questionnaires were made, one of which referred to the attitudes of citizens, and the other one to the attitudes of police officers about social isolation of police officers. The total of 100 citizens of Sremska Mitrovica and 100 police officers of the Police Administration in Sremska Mitrovica were surveyed. The research resulted in the confirmed existence of social isolation of police officers, its perception by the citizens and police officers, causes, manifestations, consequences, recommendations and limitations in the application of the reached conclusions.
Pesquisa-ação e enfermagem: proposições e experiências nos programas de pós-graduação de enfermagem do Brasil
Authors: Leite Adriana Moraes , Brienza Adriana Mafra , Santos Alice de Andrade , Coifman Aliny Henri Motta , Imoto Aline Mizusaki , Lopes Arianna Oliveira Santana , Medeiros Adriane Pinto de , Cunha Camila Medeiros Cruvinel , Primo Cândida Caniçali , Vendruscolo Carine , Scochi Carmen Gracinda Silvan , Abrahão Cristiane Lima , Zocche Denise Antunes de Azambuja , Adamy Edlamar Kátia , Silva Eliete Maria , Gurgel Eloah de Paula Pessoa , Lima Eliane de Fátima Almeida , Gurgel Evelyne Lobo , Magalhães Fernanda Jorge , Albuquerque Firmina Hermelinda Saldanha , Proença Flávia Souza , Cipolato Franklin de Almeida , Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar , Fernandes Henriqueta Ilda Verganista Martins , Araujo Jhonathan Lucas , Rolim Karla Maria Carneiro , Silva Katiane Tavares da , Costa Laís Facioli Rosa Moreno da , Estevam Larissa Dantas , Pedreira Larissa Chaves , Göttems Leila Bernarda Donato , Muri Lucimar Andrade Cardoso , Moura Luna Vitória Cajé , Brandão Marcos Antônio Gomes , Vergilio Maria Silvia Teixeira Giacomasso , Fuzita Marina Akemi Shinya , Thiollent Michel Jean Marie , Nunes Monica Batista Mendes , Freire Márcia Helena de Souza , Frota Mirna Albuquerque , Gamarski Ricardo , Ciconet Rosane Mortari , Pereira Rosana Aparecida , Lima Rosana Oliveira de , Balaminut Talita , Caetano Thaís Aparecida Surlo , Lima Vanessa Ferreira
Published: November 2022

Trata-se de um livro onde pesquisadores, enfermeiros, e profissionais da saúde apresentam resultados de estudos oriundos de pesquisas participativas, do tipo pesquisa ação. Os capítulos apresentam intervenções realizadas a partir do desenvolvimento de pesquisas realizadas no stricto senso com foco para o fortalecimento/qualificação da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem e promoção da saúde no âmbito da atenção primária a saúde e da atenção hospitalar. Os textos foram escritos por pesquisadores de vários programas de pós-graduação em enfermagem do Brasil, com o intuito de ampliar e divulgar os estudos qualitativos do tipo participativos. A obra apresenta protocolos, materiais instrucionais e estratégias para a gestão em saúde que foram construídos a partir dos pressupostos da pesquisa participativa, dos marcos legais da profissão e de práticas em saúde baseadas em evidências científicas. Este livro poderá ser lido e utilizado por professores da área da saúde e em especial da enfermagem, por profissionais da saúde com interesse em aprofundar conhecimento e melhorar a sua prática, além de ser uma oportunidade para ressignificar as práticas assistenciais, gerenciais, educativas e investigativas. Para os estudantes é uma oportunidade de conhecer novos modos e saberes que propõe o desenvolvimento de ações e intervenções em saúde onde o processo investigativo resulta entre outros, no trabalho colaborativo que transforma e melhora a realidade dos serviços, do processo de trabalho e a vida de todos os envolvidos no processo investigativo.
Problems of the History and Historiography of the Peoples of the North Caucasus in the Studies of P.A. Kuzminov
Authors: Zhurtova Anzhela Arikovna , Kumakhova Zairat Khasanbievna , Konovalov Andrei Anatol'evich
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the main historical and historiographic researches of Professor P.A. Kuzminov. It conventionally singles out several main blocks of research by the scientist, including works devoted to the historiographic study of the liberal reforms of the 1860s–1870s. in the North Caucasus, the processes of implementing reforms in the region, its socio-economic and political and legal development; works that analyze the methodological and organizational problems of modern Caucasian studies, the scientific and social activities of individual pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern historians, etc. The article also considers the work of P.A. Kuzminov on the collection and publication of historical sources on the history of the development of the North Caucasus at the end of the 18th - 19th centuries. The novelty of the article lies in the fact that in modern Caucasian studies there are no works devoted to the scientific biographies of individual scientists who, in their works, determine the course of development of research on certain problems of historical science. According to the authors, in the course of studying the biography of a scientist, it is possible only not to find interesting information about the life of an individual, but also to better understand the course of the organizational, institutional and methodological development of all science. The authors come to the conclusion that P.A. Kuzminov, on the basis of modern theoretical and methodological approaches, conducted a comprehensive historical and historiographical analysis of various problems of modern Caucasian studies. Most of the scientists works are devoted to the history and historiography of the liberal reforms of the 1860s-1870s. in the North Caucasus, various socio-political and agrarian issues of the development of the region during its integration into the Russian Empire.
Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi’s Great Power Course
Authors: Yanxia YE
Published: November 2022

The study of this article focuses on the policy of Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi (2001-2006) to establish the State as a great power. The subject of the study is selected aspects of this policy: rightconservatism, educational reforms, amendments to the constitution of Japan, military reforms, diplomatic activity in relation to the US, the UN and the Asia Pacific. The author pays special attention to the emergence of the political conjuncture that prompted Prime Minister Koizumi to carry out a series of reforms, and focuses on the transition from Japan’s economic weight to the political one during the premiership of Junichiro Koizumi. The study is based on the theory of political realism, namely, the expression of the national interests of the State in the international arena, such as national security, the interests of the national economy or the maintenance of world order. Similar political processes can be observed in Japan during the premiership of Junichiro Koizumi. In the process of research analytical method, problem-chronological and institutional are widely used. This choice is primarily due to the object and subject of the study. The author describes the course of Junichiro Koizumi: the whole set of measures and reforms is fairly comprehensive and at the same time radical. The author points out that Koizumi’s reforms have not been completed and have served as guidelines for subsequent prime ministers. The relevance of this study is conditioned by the increased political weight of Japan in both APAC and world politics; moreover, the attitude to Junichiro Koizumi’s course is polar: as P.V. Kulneva points out "On the one hand, the great-power policy of Junichiro Koizumi has become a reason for fear of a possible revival of Japanese militarism and nationalism; on the other hand, Japan’s policy of gaining political weight consistent with its economic power, is fully justified and is highly positive".
ASSESSMENT OF MOTIVATIONAL COMPETENCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND A CLASSICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Egorova N.V.
Published: November 2022

The article gives an assessment of the formation of the components of motivational competence (physiological and psychological) of senior students of general educational institutions and bachelors of a university, athletes and non-athletes, within the framework of increasing physical education. The leading motives of the groups of subjects for health, health protection and physical culture are singled out. The levels of motivational competence are characterized. The percentage increase in changes in motivational competence as a result of the implementation of the sports and educational platform among the subjects of the experimental group was revealed.
DIGITAL LABORATORY COMPLEX «TRIZOLOGIKA»
Authors:   South-Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Terekhova G.V.
Published: November 2022

We have designed a digital environment for developing the inventive abilities of primary school students through educational experiments. The content of the digital laboratory includes special didactic tools based on TRIZ models for organizing inventive experiments. The proposed method of organizing the educational environment allows to expand the children’s experimental activity in solving inventive problems, namely: to build the skills of correct formulation of hypotheses in experimental activity; to improve the quality of practical solutions, while retaining the ability to show intellectual initiative; to develop the ability to identify experimentally reliable solutions to a problem; to form a desire to use scientific terminology, to conduct a constructive dialogue in the process of joint research activities; to formulate hypotheses and conclusions during the experiment.
PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MILITARY HIGHER SCHOOL CA-DETS: STRUCTURE AND CONTENT
Authors:   South-Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Pedko E.V.
Published: November 2022

Results of theoretical studies of structure and content of professional responsibility of military higher school cadets are outlined. The importance future officer professional responsibility as an essential personal quality is shown. Brief analyses of the concepts “responsibility” and “professional respon-sibility of cadets” is presented on the basis of the obtained analysis of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical researches with due account of the specifics of cadet’s military professional activi-ties while studying at the military higher school. An interpretation of the structure and content of the phenomenon is given, the included components: motivation and values, cognitive, emotions and will and reflexive and prognosis, are characterized. The functions of each component are defined. Specif-ics of establishment and development of professional responsibility of cadets while studying at a mili-tary higher school are noted/
INCULTURATION AND FORMATION OF NATIONAL SELF-IDENTITY OF TATAR YOUTH IN DIASPORA
Authors:   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Makhmutova M.M. , Fakhrutdinova A.V. , Yumagulova V.M.
Published: November 2022

The preservation of the cultural diversity of the modern world depends on the presence of national consciousness among children and youth. The purpose of this research is to study the processes of enculturation and the potential of family education and the activities of the diaspora in the formation of national identity among representatives of the younger generations. Particular importance in the study of the processes of enculturation is given to tradition, structured environment, hierarchy in the organization of the educational process in the diaspora. The results of the study of these issues gave objective reasons to believe that the effectiveness of preserving national culture and self-identity among representatives of the Tatar people in a global world is determined by the traditions of raising children and depends on taking into account regional specifics and opportunities in the countries of compact residence of Tatars outside the historical homeland. In this regard, the study of aspects of the continuity of traditions in the diaspora (enculturation) proves that the continuity of educational traditions has become a reliable means of the versatile development of children and the preservation of the national identity of the people, regardless of the differences in culture, religion, language of the ethnic groups of the countries of residence. The solution of the problem is seen through rising of an educational and intellectual potential of the nation, creating a special linguistic and cultural environment, structuring the social space traditional for the Tatar people, and increasing the educational role of the family and traditions.
Developing a taxonomy for colorectal cancer
Authors: Fang Jiansong , Wang Dawei , Fan Xiude
Published: November 2022

Analyzing how gene interaction networks are perturbed in individuals can help identify different types of colorectal cancers, paving the way towards personalized care.
Dataverse.no
Authors: Longva Leif , Conzett Philipp , Aspaas Per Pippin
Published: November 2022

The service for open research datasets Dataverse.no was established in 2017. Five years later, it holds some 1,300 datasets created by researchers at fourteen partner institutions. All submitted datasets are curated (checked) before they are published by curators at the various institutions. In addition, curators have established courses and webinars helping researchers make their datasets as FAIR as possible (FAIR = Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). In this episode, Leif Longva and Philipp Conzett tell about how it has expanded, from a subject-specific archive called TROLLing (Tromsø Repository of Language and Linguistics) to the generic, CoreTrustSeal-certified service that we see today.
Season of prescribed burns and management of an early successional species affect flower density and pollinator activity in a pine savanna ecosystem
Authors: Adedoja Opeyemi A. , Crandall Raelene M. , Mallinger Rachel E.
Published: November 2022

In the age of changing fire regimes, land managers often rely on prescribed burns to promote high diversity of herbaceous plants. Yet, little is known about how the timing of prescribed burns interacts with other ecological factors to maintain biodiversity while restoring fire-adapted ecosystems. We examined how timing of prescribed burns and removal of a dominant, early successional weedy plant yankeeweed (Eupatorium compositifolium) affect flower density and pollinator activity in an early-successional longleaf pine savanna restored from a timber plantation. During the first year of this study, plots received seasonal burn treatments, including unburned control, winter-dry, spring, and summer-wet season burns. During the second year of the study, data on flowers and pollinators were sampled across all plots. In the third year, these seasonal burn treatments were again applied to plots, and data were again collected on flowers and pollinators. In each burn treatment plot, we manipulated the presence of yankeeweed, including one control subplot (no removal) in which yankeeweed was not manipulated and one removal subplot in which yankeeweed was removed, and flowers and pollinators were measured. During the year between burns, flower density was highest in the summer-wet season burn treatment, significantly higher than in the unburned control, while pollinator activity was highest in the summer-wet and spring season burn treatments, significantly higher than the unburned control. During the year in which plots were burned again, flower density was highest in the spring season burn treatment, and pollinators most frequent in both spring and winter-dry season burn treatments, significantly higher than the unburned control. Removing yankeeweed enhanced pollinator activity but only in the year between fire applications. We conclude that prescribed burning enhances floral resource availability and pollinator activity, but the magnitude of these effects depends on when fires are applied. Additionally, removal of yankeeweed can enhance pollinator activity during years between prescribed burns.
Human access and deterministic processes play a major role in structuring planktonic and sedimentary bacterial and eukaryotic communities in lakes
Authors: Pearman John K. , Thomson-Laing Georgia , Thompson Lucy , Waters Sean , Vandergoes Marcus J. , Howarth Jamie D. , Duggan Ian C. , Hogg Ian D. , Wood Susanna A.
Published: November 2022

Lakes provide habitat for a diverse array of species and offer a wide range of ecosystem services for humanity. However, they are highly vulnerable as they are not only impacted by adverse actions directly affecting them, but also those on the surrounding environment. Improving knowledge on the processes responsible for community assembly in different biotic components will aid in the protection and restoration of lakes. Studies to date suggested a combination of deterministic (where biotic/abiotic factors act on fitness differences amongst taxa) and stochastic (where dispersal plays a larger factor in community assembly) processes are responsible for structuring biotic communities, but there is no consensus on the relative roles these processes play, and data is lacking for lakes. In the present study, we sampled different biotic components in 34 lakes located on the South Island of New Zealand. To obtain a holistic view of assembly processes in lakes we used metabarcoding to investigate bacteria in the sediment and surface waters, and eukaryotes in the sediment and two different size fractions of the water column. Physicochemical parameters were collected in parallel. Results showed that deterministic processes dominated the assembly of lake communities although the relative importance of variable and homogeneous selection differed among the biotic components. Variable selection was more important in the sediment (SSbact and SSeuks) and for the bacterioplankton (Pbact) while the assembly of the eukaryotic plankton (SPeuks, LPeuks) was driven more by homogeneous selection. The ease of human access to the lakes had a significant effect on lake communities. In particular, clade III of SAR11 and Daphnia pulex were only present in lakes with public access. This study provides insights into the distribution patterns of different biotic components and highlights the value in understanding the drivers of different biological communities within lakes.
Variabilidad estacional de la biomasa de copépodos en un vórtice ciclónico en la bahía de la Paz, sur del golfo de California, México
Authors: Rocha-Díaz Franco Antonio , Monreal-Gómez María Adela , Coria-Monter Erik , Salas-de-León David Alberto , Durán-Campos Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

Los copépodos, como uno de los principales grupos que componen el zooplancton marino, juegan un papel importante por su posición en la red trófica. Se evaluó la biomasa de copépodos en un vórtice ciclónico durante 2 estaciones climáticas contrastantes en la bahía de La Paz, al sur del golfo de California, la cual se caracteriza por una alta productividad biológica. Durante 2 campañas oceanográficas en invierno de 2006 y verano de 2009, se determinó la estructura física de la columna de agua mediante un CTD y se recolectaron muestras de zooplancton mediante arrastres oblicuos. Se utilizaron datos de satélite para visualizar los patrones de distribución de clorofila a (Cla). Los resultados mostraron un vórtice ciclónico en ambas estaciones, con un diámetro de ~25 km y velocidades geostróficas >50 cm·s–1 en su periferia, con elevada Cla (~3 mg·m–3 en invierno). La máxima biomasa de calanoides ocurrió en invierno, con hasta 6.6 mg·100 m–3 en el oeste de la bahía, cerca de la costa; además, su distribución coincidió con el patrón de Cla y circulación, ya que formó un anillo siguiendo la periferia del vórtice, con un segundo pico cerca de la conexión con el golfo. Los valores medios de biomasa de copépodos mostraron un patrón de alternancia calanoides-ciclopoides entre invierno y verano dentro del vórtice ciclónico, con más biomasa de calanoides que ciclopoides en invierno y lo contrario en verano. Los resultados resaltan el impacto del vórtice en el ecosistema planctónico a través de su influencia sobre las condiciones hidrográficas en la columna de agua. Otros factores, como las interacciones ecológicas, la dinámica poblacional y los hábitos alimenticios, también pueden jugar un papel importante. El comportamiento alimentario es afectado por altas concentraciones de Cla, que representan una fuente de alimento para copépodos observados alrededor del vórtice.
First-person video experiences as a vicarious, virtual alternative to in-person basic science labs
Authors: Burnham Kara D. , Major Christine A. , Borman William H.
Published: November 2022

Objective

The global COVID-19 pandemic required the teaching of basic science instructional laboratories be done in a remote, online format termed emergency remote teaching (ERT). The aims of this study were to: (1) share strategies for ERT of basic science instructional laboratories and (2) assess student perceptions of the experience of virtual demonstrations that were recorded from the first-person perspective of the professor.

Methods

Laboratories for courses in gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, and clinical microbiology were adapted to ERT by creating videos that allowed the students to view the laboratory activities through the eyes and hands of the faculty. A unique 5-question survey instrument was created to collect students' perceptions of gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, and clinical microbiology virtual lab experiences. Percentage of responses were calculated for 4 close-ended questions. Qualitative content analysis was conducted on the single open-ended question. Two additional close-ended questions were used for assessing perception of gross anatomy labs only.

Results

Videos of gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, and clinical microbiology laboratory activities mimicked the student experience through the camera lens as labs were performed by faculty members engaged in either dissection, viewing structures or doing experiments, respectively. In all 3 basic science courses, over 70% of students strongly agreed or agreed that the videos created a sense of being in the laboratory.

Conclusion

Use of video technology allowed faculty to mimic the student experience of being in basic science laboratories, and, importantly, allowed the student to virtually participate in the learning experience.
Genetic and nuclear DNA content variation of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) accessions grown in Turkey
Authors: Tiryaki İskender , Karaoğlu Gülnur , Tayyar Şemun
Published: November 2022

The objectives of this study were to make morphological and molecular characterization of Turkish stevia accessions. The field data showed significant variations (P < 0.05) for all morphological parameters (plant height, number of main stems per plant, number of secondary stems, fresh and herb yields) exception with number of secondary stems. The primers of MtP5CS, AtNHX1, MtProDH, Mt-Actin MtSOS1and MtSOS2 genes were used as loci specific DNA markers. All markers were amplified in Stevia genome and provided a mean of 74.16% polymorphism rate. Flow cytometer analysis showed no statistically significant differences (P < 0.16) for 2C DNA content with a mean of 1.62 pg. The UPGMA analysis revealed that Samsun accession was distinctly separated from the others and had the lowest 2C DNA content (1.52 pg). This study first time showed that the stevia accessions grown in Turkey have limited genetic and no nuclear DNA content variations. The results also revealed that gene targeted functional markers associated with salt and drought tolerance have a great potential to be used as DNA markers to determine the genetic variation in plants
Rapid characterization of secondary metabolites in Caryocar brasiliense leaf extract and antiradical activity
Authors: Cardoso Teixeira Edson , De Carvalho Junior Almir Ribeiro , De Carvalho Mario Geraldo
Published: November 2022

Leaves of Caryocar brasiliense, the gold of the Cerrado, are used in folk medicine to treat diseases of the respiratory tract. The content of total phenols and flavonoids of ethanolic extracts from the leaves of C. brasiliense were analysed by the Folin-Dennis reagent and aluminium chloride, respectively, in addition to the antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS tests. The coupling of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and mass spectrometry allowed the identification of 25 compounds, including tannins, triterpenes, saponins, lipids, and flavonoids. The structures were established by retention time behaviour, extensive analyses of their MS spectra, and by comparison with standards and/or of their MS data with those reported in the literature. Twenty-one compounds are being registered for the first time in C. brasiliense. The results suggest the potential of this species as a source of bioactive substances with antioxidant properties.
Silage quality traits of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and sunn hemp mixtures at different ratios in the Mediterranean climate
Authors: Sezgi ozkan Sukru
Published: November 2022

This research was conducted to determine some silage quality traits of silage alternatives prepared in different mixture rates of sorghumsudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench x Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf] which is more drought tolerant than maize, and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) which has a high protein content, under Mediterranean ecological conditions. Different silage alternatives (sorghum-sudangrass hybrid % - sunn hemp %; 100-0, 80-20, 60-40, 50-50, 40-60, 20-80, 0-100, based on fresh matter) were prepared in a randomized design with four replications in both years. Silage weight loss and pH, dry matter, Flieg score, crude protein, crude ash, ADF, NDF, metabolizable energy, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and relative feed value were determined at the end of 8 weeks ensilage. According to results, good quality silages can be made from all silage alternatives of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and sunn hemp without affecting the fermentation process. In addition, silages made by adding sunn hemp to sorghum-sudangrass hybrid at different rates have more nutritional value than pure sorghum-sudangrass hybrid silage without sacrificing quality. Ensiling the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid on a fresh matter basis with up to 50% sunn hemp can be recommended for optimum quality. In animal nutrition, it would be best to choose one of the silage alternatives according to the need in the rations
Correlation analysis of texture and chemical properties of olecranon honey peach cultivars from different provinces in China
Authors: Qiu Yuanxin , Zhu Kaiqi , Liu Jianliang
Published: November 2022

Texture is key to the fruit quality for the olecranon honey peach. In this study, olecranon honey peach was harvested from 11 Chinese Provinces and the effect of the olecranon honey peach planting areas on fruit texture and the relationship between texture and chemical parameters was investigated. In the texture section, peaches were measured by texture profile analysis (TPA) and puncture tests. Predictive models were developed to determine the texture of olecranon honey peach based on chemical properties. The results demonstrated that olecranon honey peach grown in Lianping county had significantly better texture and structure than those grown in other locations, especially the peach which planted in Lianping county with the 4.0 planting technology at high altitude. Correlation results showed that the texture of olecranon honey peach was negatively correlated with water content, while the hardness of texture parameters was positively correlated with pectin content and crispness was negatively correlated with titratable acid. Creating texture models that can estimate the texture value of olecranon honey peach by water content, pectin, and titratable acid
Identification of adulterants (sunflower oil and soybean oil) in grapeseed oil (Vitis vinifera L.) and chia oil (Salvia hispanica L.) by FT-MIR spectroscopy and chemometric
Authors: Velázquez-Rendón Carolina Berenice , Meza-Márquez Ofelia Gabriela , Gallardo-Velázquez Tzayhri
Published: November 2022

Grapeseed and chia oils are important for their fatty acids profile. Both oils are considered gourmet and due their high retail prices they are susceptible to adulteration. FT-MIR was used with chemometric analysis to identify and quantify the adulterants (sunflower and soybean oils) in grapeseed and chia oils. A ternary mixture system was designed for each oil using as adulterants sunflower and soybean oils (2-50%, w/w). Soft independent modelling by class analogy (SIMCA) discriminated adulterated samples and pure samples (100% of recognition and rejection). Partial least squares (PLS) showed the best calibration result (R2c: ≥ 0.95; SEC: 2.22-2.87) and validation (R2v: ≥ 0.99; SEP: 2.25-3.13). The models could be applied to identify and quantify two adulterants: sunflower and soybean oils in grapeseed and chia oils
Partial characterization of aerogels made from chayotextle and potato starch
Authors: Palma Rodríguez Heidi María , Delgado René Salgado , Olarte Paredes Alfredo , Salgado Delgado Areli Marlen , Hernández Uribe Juan  Pablo , Pinedaa. Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

Starch aerogels were obtained from Chayotextle (Sechium edule) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers. An hydrogel was formed by the gelatinization and gelling of a starch dispersion, subsequently, the exchange of water for acetone yields an acetogel, which is then subjected to a supercritical drying process with CO2 to obtain an aerogel. In the present work, we used an unconventional starch source, Chayotextle, and compared it with potato starch. A physicochemical and morphological analysis was carried out to evaluate the properties of the obtained aerogels (FTIR, SEM, % Moisture Content, Water Absorption Capacity, Resistant Starch Content, Oil Retention Capacity and Swelling). The results showed that a stirring speed of 800 RPM and 3 days of cooling allowed obtaining aerogels with a homogeneous porous structure. Changes in Moisture Content, solubility, Oil Retention Capacity, Water Retention Capacity and Swelling could be verified in the aerogels obtained. Chayotextle starch aerogels samples have a lower swelling factor and lower moisture absorption compared to potato starch aerogels. This can be used in certain strategic applications. The size of the granules of chayotextle starch allows for a higher content of resistant starch, which shows a greater tendency to retrograde than potato starch. Aerogels can be used for a variety of advanced food applications: from smart ingredients that control nutrient release to active compound delivery systems; from fat substitutes to new biodegradable and smart food packaging materials.
Seed priming alleviates salt stress in two fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum l.) Cultivars
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Muzzamil Asif Hafiza , Ahmad Shakeel , Ali Muhammad Arif , Ejaz Shaghef , Abbas Tahira , Haider Sakeena Tul-Ain , Ercisli Sezai , Ahmed Talaat , Sohail Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad Fasih
Published: November 2022

Salinity is globally considered a widespread problem of the irrigated soils in arid and semi-arid areas. To minimize the negative effect of salinity seed priming technique is proved as a useful by improve germination and seedling growth. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different priming techniques on fenugreek under saline conditions. The priming treatments were potassium nitrate (KNO3), polyethylene glycol (PEG), gibberellic acid (GA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA) and distilled water (D/W). Two fenugreek cultivars i.e. Kasuri methi and Local methi were evaluated under two salinity levels viz. 0 mM and 100 mM. In Kasuri methi (V1), priming with GA3 and PEG enhanced germination index (37.52%) and energy of emergence (98.33%) as compared with other treatments. Final emergence percentage (100%) was increased in control plants of both cultivars when treated with SA. Morphological characteristics such as number of leaves (57.50), number of branches (19.16), shoot length (18.03cm), root length (8.98cm), plant fresh (2.34g) and dry biomass (1.21g) was increased in control plants of Kasuri methi (V1) when primed with SA. Leaf chlorophyll “a” (1.06 mg/g) and chlorophyll “b” (1.30 mg/g) was significantly increased in control plants of Local methi (V2) primed with SA. Antioxidant activity, antioxidant capacity and proline contents in leaves as well as in roots were also increased when treated with SA under salt stress. It is concluded that seeds of Kasuri methi should be treated with SA in order to reduce the effect of salinity and improve the germination, morphological and biochemical characteristics.
Adaptation of referral services for people living with HIV/AIDS during the COVID-19 pandemic / Adaptação de serviços de referência para pessoas vivendo com hiv/aids durante a pandemia de covid-19
Authors: Silva Iasmin Maria Ferreira da , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira dos , Nascimento Natalha Cabral do , Alves Rayssa Francielly dos Santos , Rodrigues Sueli Teresinha Cruz , Bernardo Thaís Honório Lins
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: descrever as adaptações que ocorreram em serviços de referência no atendimento ao usuário vivendo com HIV/Aids no contexto da pandemia de covid-19. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa exploratória de caráter descritivo. A pesquisa foi autorizada mediante aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa, sob número CAAE 46795521.5.0000.5013. Resultados: foram realizadas 32 entrevistas. As principais modificações ocorridas nos cenários de coleta de dados desta pesquisa foram a distribuição de insumos e materiais para a prevenção da contaminação por SARS-CoV-2, espaçamento de consultas e ampliação da quantidade de meses de dispensação de medicação para os pacientes. Conclusão: fica claro que a pandemia acarretou diversos impactos nos serviços de referência para pessoas vivendo com HIV, bem como em seus usuários, proporcionando desafios que podem ser superados com o trabalho em equipe interdisciplinar e o apoio institucional, bem como com a colaboração e adesão dos pacientes às modificações propostas.
Electronic Health Record Legal Settlements in the US Since the 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act
Authors: Apathy Nate C. , Howe Jessica L. , Krevat Seth A. , Hettinger Aaron Zachary , Bates David W. , Classen David C. , Ratwani Raj M.
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study describes allegations of misconduct by electronic health record vendors.
Association of Noncontrast Computed Tomography and Perfusion Modalities With Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Late-Window Stroke Thrombectomy
Authors: Porto Guilherme B. F. , Chen Ching-Jen , Al Kasab Sami , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Almallouhi Eyad , Hubbard Zachary , Chalhoub Reda , Alawieh Ali , Maier Ilko , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Wolfe Stacey Q. , Jabbour Pascal , Rai Ansaar , Starke Robert M. , Shaban Amir , Arthur Adam , Kim Joon-Tae , Yoshimura Shinichi , Grossberg Jonathan , Kan Peter , Fragata Isabel , Polifka Adam , Osbun Joshua , Mascitelli Justin , Levitt Michael R. , Williamson Richard , Romano Daniele G. , Crosa Roberto , Gory Benjamin , Mokin Maxim , Limaye Kaustubh S. , Casagrande Walter , Moss Mark , Grandhi Ramesh , Yoo Albert , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Park Min S. ,   Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) Collaborators
Published: November 2022

Importance

There is substantial controversy with regards to the adequacy and use of noncontrast head computed tomography (NCCT) for late-window acute ischemic stroke in selecting candidates for mechanical thrombectomy.

Objective

To assess clinical outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting in the late window who underwent mechanical thrombectomy stratified by NCCT admission in comparison with selection by CT perfusion (CTP) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, prospectively maintained Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm (STAR) database was used by selecting patients within the late window of acute ischemic stroke and emergent large vessel occlusion from 2013 to 2021. Patients were selected by NCCT, CTP, and DWI. Admission Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) as well as confounding variables were adjusted. Follow-up duration was 90 days. Data were analyzed from November 2021 to March 2022.

Exposures

Selection by NCCT, CTP, or DWI.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin scale 0-2) at 90 days.

Results

Among 3356 patients, 733 underwent late-window mechanical thrombectomy. The median (IQR) age was 69 (58-80) years, 392 (53.5%) were female, and 449 (65.1%) were White. A total of 419 were selected with NCCT, 280 with CTP, and 34 with DWI. Mean (IQR) admission ASPECTS were comparable among groups (NCCT, 8 [7-9]; CTP, 8 [7-9]; DWI 8, [7-9]; P = .37). There was no difference in the 90-day rate of functional independence (aOR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.59-1.71; P = .99) after adjusting for confounders. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (NCCT, 34 [8.6%]; CTP, 37 [13.5%]; DWI, 3 [9.1%]; P = .12) and mortality (NCCT, 78 [27.4%]; CTP, 38 [21.1%]; DWI, 7 [29.2%]; P = .29) were similar among groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, comparable outcomes were observed in patients in the late window irrespective of neuroimaging selection criteria. Admission NCCT scan may triage emergent large vessel occlusion in the late window.