bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radioscaphoid Impingement after Volar Plate Fixation and Bone Grafting of a Non-United Scaphoid Fracture
Authors: Shanbhag Viraj Kashinath , Cheah Andre Eu Jin , Lim Jin Xi , Das De Soumen
Published: May 2021

Volar plate fixation (VPF) of scaphoid fractures has received increased attention over the past decade. The purported benefits over headless screw fixation are increased rigidity, better purchase of small fragments, the ability to prevent extrusion of bone graft, and to act as a buttress against excessive scaphoid flexion. We report a case of symptomatic radioscaphoid impingement presenting two years after successful VPF for a non-united scaphoid fracture. We performed an arthoscopic evaluation, synovectomy and chondroplasty, followed by open radial styloidectomy and implant removal. This article highlights the pertinent clinical features, relevant imaging, and key intra-operative findings. We have analyzed the factors that led to this complication and have highlighted several technical tips to minimize radiocarpal impingement and ongoing chondral damage.
Extra-Articular Nonhemophilic Hemosiderotic Synovitis of the Hand: A Case Report
Authors: Capkin Sercan , Ordu Melike , Guler Serkan , Ozmanevra Ramadan
Published: May 2021

Hemosiderotic synovitis is a rare distinctive type of synovial proliferative disorder. Hemosiderotic synovitis develops in men with hemophilia who are at risk of hemarthrosis, especially of the knees, associated with severe degenerative articular cartilage disease. It appears to be exceedingly rare in individuals without hemophilia and has been reported in case reports. We describe a case of trauma-related nonhemophilic hemosiderotic synovitis, located in the hand in an otherwise healthy young male construction worker, with no systemic illness, inflammatory arthritis, or any bleeding disorder. We report the first case of nonhemophilic hemosiderotic synovitis located in the hand. To the best of our knowledge, a case of extra-articular nonhemophilic hemosiderotic synovitis has not been previously described in the literature.
Uncertainty-aware Decisions in Cloud Computing
Authors: Kabir H. M. Dipu , Khosravi Abbas , Mondal Subrota K. , Rahman Mustaneer , Nahavandi Saeid , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: May 2021

The rapid growth of the cloud industry has increased challenges in the proper governance of the cloud infrastructure. Many intelligent systems have been developing, considering uncertainties in the cloud. Intelligent approaches with the consideration of uncertainties bring optimal management with higher profitability. Uncertainties of different levels and different types exist in various domains of cloud computing. This survey aims to discuss all types of uncertainties and their effect on different components of cloud computing. The article first presents the concept of uncertainty and its quantification. A vast number of uncertain events influence the cloud, as it is connected with the entire world through the internet. Five major uncertain parameters are identified, which are directly affected by numerous uncertain events and affect the performance of the cloud. Notable events affecting major uncertain parameters are also described. Besides, we present notable uncertainty-aware research works in cloud computing. A hype curve on uncertainty-aware approaches in the cloud is also presented to visualize current conditions and future possibilities. We expect the inauguration of numerous uncertainty-aware intelligent systems in cloud management over time. This article may provide a deeper understanding of managing cloud resources with uncertainties efficiently to future cloud researchers.
Deep Learning for Sensor-based Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Chen Kaixuan , Zhang Dalin , Yao Lina , Guo Bin , Yu Zhiwen , Liu Yunhao
Published: May 2021

The vast proliferation of sensor devices and Internet of Things enables the applications of sensor-based activity recognition. However, there exist substantial challenges that could influence the performance of the recognition system in practical scenarios. Recently, as deep learning has demonstrated its effectiveness in many areas, plenty of deep methods have been investigated to address the challenges in activity recognition. In this study, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art deep learning methods for sensor-based human activity recognition. We first introduce the multi-modality of the sensory data and provide information for public datasets that can be used for evaluation in different challenge tasks. We then propose a new taxonomy to structure the deep methods by challenges. Challenges and challenge-related deep methods are summarized and analyzed to form an overview of the current research progress. At the end of this work, we discuss the open issues and provide some insights for future directions.
The SPACE of developer productivity
Authors: Forsgren Nicole , Storey Margaret-Anne , Maddila Chandra , Zimmermann Thomas , Houck Brian , Butler Jenna
Published: May 2021

There's more to it than you think.
The search for unlimited productivity
Authors: Meil Doug
Published: May 2021

The
Communications
website, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

twitter

Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM

http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm

Doug Meil considers the continuing search for the next great software development methodology.
Simba
Authors: Shao Yakun Sophia , Cemons Jason , Venkatesan Rangharajan , Zimmer Brian , Fojtik Matthew , Jiang Nan , Keller Ben , Klinefelter Alicia , Pinckney Nathaniel , Raina Priyanka , Tell Stephen G. , Zhang Yanqing , Dally William J. , Emer Joel , Gray C. Thomas , Khailany Brucek , Keckler Stephen W.
Published: May 2021

Package-level integration using multi-chip-modules (MCMs) is a promising approach for building large-scale systems. Compared to a large monolithic die, an MCM combines many smaller chiplets into a larger system, substantially reducing fabrication and design costs. Current MCMs typically only contain a handful of coarse-grained large chiplets due to the high area, performance, and energy overheads associated with inter-chiplet communication. This work investigates and quantifies the costs and benefits of using MCMs with finegrained chiplets for deep learning inference, an application domain with large compute and on-chip storage requirements. To evaluate the approach, we architected, implemented, fabricated, and tested Simba, a 36-chiplet prototype MCM system for deep-learning inference. Each chiplet achieves 4 TOPS peak performance, and the 36-chiplet MCM package achieves up to 128 TOPS and up to 6.1 TOPS/W. The MCM is configurable to support a flexible mapping of DNN layers to the distributed compute and storage units. To mitigate inter-chiplet communication overheads, we introduce three tiling optimizations that improve data locality. These optimizations achieve up to 16% speedup compared to the baseline layer mapping. Our evaluation shows that Simba can process 1988 images/s running ResNet-50 with a batch size of one, delivering an inference latency of 0.50 ms.
Aversion to versions
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: May 2021

Code needs to run anywhere as long as the necessary dependencies can be resolved.
Time for
two
annual Turing awards
Authors: Chien Andrew A.
Published: May 2021

It is the season when we recognize an extraordinary research contribution to computing with the ACM A.M. Turing Award. I propose a change.
An Impedimetric Sensing Probe Based on Printed Circuit Board Technology for Monitoring in Cryobiology Applications
Authors: Shamkhalichenar Hamed , Tiersch Terrence R. , Choi Jin-Woo
Published: May 2021

Cryopreservation of living cells is an effective tool for protection, maintenance, and distribution of genetic resources, which involves exposure to cryogenic temperatures and requires precise control over various parameters to avoid potential cell damages. Hundreds of protocols have been reported for cryopreservation of aquatic species, but replicating them is challenging without a reliable monitoring technique during a cryopreservation process. In this work, we aim to use electrical impedance as a monitoring parameter to assist standardization of cryopreservation processes and reporting. Specifically, this paper reports an impedance sensing probe compatible with cryogenic temperatures and conventional containers in cryopreservation of aquatic species based on printed circuit board technology its characterization in cryopreservation conditions including different sperm extenders (buffer) compositions and concentrations, presence of cryoprotectant, and multiple cooling rates. The developed probe based on printed circuit board (PCB) technology shows a capability of measuring conditions during cryopreservation differentiating among samples with different buffer contents and cryoprotectants. The probe also demonstrates the capability to distinguish different cooling regimes and detect phase change phenomena. This PCB-based sensing platform provides quantitative impedance measurement data during the cryopreservation process at sample preparation, cooling, and while frozen. Technology such as this offers opportunities for improving the reproducibility of protocols generated by the aquatic species community and can be made widely available as open hardware.
The endocrine effects of bitter tastant administration in the gastrointestinal system: intragastric versus intraduodenal administration
Authors: Verbeure Wout , Deloose Eveline , Tóth Joran , Rehfeld Jens F. , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Depoortere Inge , Tack Jan
Published: May 2021

Bitter tastants are a potential new weight-loss treatment. This is a noninvasive, easy approach, which should be received with considerable enthusiasm by the public. However, literature about bitter administration lacks consistency in methods and findings. We summarize how the compound should be given based on: the site of administration, the best bitter compound to use, and at what timing in respect to the meal. This paper is therefore a fundamental step to continue research toward the further development of the “bitter pill.”
β2-Adrenergic receptor agonist induced hepatic steatosis in mice: modeling nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hyperadrenergic states
Authors: Shi Yun , Pizzini Jason , Wang Hanzhou , Das Falguni , Abdul Azees Parveez Ahamed , Ghosh Choudhury Goutam , Barnes Jeffrey L. , Zang Mengwei , Weintraub Susan T. , Yeh Chih-Ko , Katz Michael S. , Kamat Amrita
Published: May 2021

Results of our study suggest that β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) activation by agonist formoterol leads to increased hepatic TG synthesis and de novo lipogenesis, incomplete β-oxidation of fatty acids with accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitine intermediates, and reduced TG secretion. These findings may, for the first time, implicate a role for β2-AR responsive dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in the pathogenetic processes underlying NAFLD in hyperadrenergic states such as obesity and aging.
Landscape of GPCR expression along the mouse nephron
Authors: Poll Brian G. , Chen Lihe , Chou Chung-Lin , Raghuram Viswanathan , Knepper Mark A.
Published: May 2021

Kidney transport and other renal functions are regulated by multiple G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed along the renal tubule. The rapid, recent appearance of comprehensive unbiased gene expression data in the various renal tubule segments, chiefly RNA sequencing and protein mass spectrometry data, has provided a means of identifying patterns of GPCR expression along the renal tubule. To allow for comprehensive mapping, we first curated a comprehensive list of GPCRs in the genomes of mice, rats, and humans ( https://hpcwebapps.cit.nih.gov/ESBL/Database/GPCRs/ ) using multiple online data sources. We used this list to mine segment-specific and cell type-specific expression data from RNA-sequencing studies in microdissected mouse tubule segments to identify GPCRs that are selectively expressed in discrete tubule segments. Comparisons of these mapped mouse GPCRs with other omics datasets as well as functional data from isolated perfused tubule and micropuncture studies confirmed patterns of expression for well-known receptors and identified poorly studied GPCRs that are likely to play roles in the regulation of renal tubule function. Thus, we provide data resources for GPCR expression across the renal tubule, highlighting both well-known GPCRs and understudied receptors to provide guidance for future studies.
Novel Application of the Roof-Cutting-Type Gob-Side Entry Retaining in Coal Mine
Authors: Wang Jiong , Li Wenfei , Zhu Daoyong , Gong Weili , Su Yi
Published: May 2021

In this study, the roof-cutting-type gob-side entry retaining is introduced, and its application in medium-thickness coal seams is studied. Based on the analysis of the construction procedure and principle, the mechanical model of the retained roadway structure and cantilever beam formed by roof cutting was established, and the support resistance and roof deformation were obtained. In addition, through technological design analysis and numerical simulation, the parameters of roof cutting were determined. The roof-cutting height and angle were designed to be 9 m and 15°, respectively. Flac3 D was used to analyze the stress evolution law under different mining conditions. The stress on the integrated coal side and roof subsidence was lower when the roof-cutting height was 8∼10 m and the cutting angle was 15°. Through field monitoring, the roof pressure, gob-side lateral gangue retaining pressure, anchor cable stress, and deformation of the surrounding rock eventually reached a stable state. This indicates that the roof cutting can effectively cut down the overlying strata over the gob and form a stable entry structure to meet the requirements of the next working face.
Research on Crushing Concrete Members by High‐Voltage Pulse Discharge Technology
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Du Jiaxu , Li Ningjing
Published: May 2021

High‐voltage pulse discharge (HVPD) is an energy‐saving, efficient, and green technique, which has broad prospects in concrete crushing. The finite element models of the concrete beam, slab, and column segments were established with ANSYS/LS‐DYNA finite element software. Based on the principle of equal impact pressure, the shock wave generated by the fuse explosion caused by HVPD of 50 kJ is equivalent to the impact load of explosive blasting, and the stress of concrete beam segment was analyzed. The finite element models of the concrete beam sections were established to investigate the influence of diameter and spacing of the holes on the crushing effect of concrete beam segments. The width × height of each beam segment is 400  mm × 800  mm, and there are six types of beam segment length: 600 mm, 700 mm, 800 mm, 900 mm, 1000 mm, and 1100 mm. Two holes are drilled vertically on the surface of the width × length of each beam segment. The spacing of holes corresponding to beam segments of each length type is 200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm, 600 mm, and 700 mm, respectively. The hole depth of each beam segment is 650 mm, and there are three types of aperture: 30 mm, 50 mm, and 70 mm. The analysis results show that the crushing effect of concrete beam segments increases with the increase of aperture and the decrease of hole spacing. According to the crushing effect of the beam segments, the aperture of 50 mm, the spacing of 400 mm, and the hole end (edge) spacing of 250 mm were determined as the optimal hole layout scheme. The finite element models of concrete slabs and columns were established. The square concrete slab thickness is 140 mm and side length is 700 mm, 800 mm, and 900 mm, respectively. Double‐row holes were arranged in the slabs and the aperture is 50 mm and the hole spacing is 200 mm, 300 mm, and 400 mm, respectively. The section sizes of concrete columns are 500  mm × 500  mm, 600  mm × 600  mm, and 700  mm × 700  mm, respectively, and the aperture is 50 mm and the hole distance is 400 mm. According to the results of analysis, the optimal hole distribution scheme of concrete slab and column is chosen as the aperture of 50 mm and hole distance of 400 mm. The principle of the layout of multirow holes is that the spacing of row is not more than 400 mm, and the margin is not more than 250 mm.
Positive Effects of Laser Acupuncture in Methamphetamine Users Undergoing Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shiao Yi-Hsien , Chen Yi-Chih , Yeh Yuan-Chieh , Huang Tse-Hung
Published: May 2021

Background. Methamphetamine (MA) addiction has become a crucial public health concern because of its adverse consequences to individuals and the society. Objective. To investigate the clinical efficacy of laser acupuncture combined with group cognitive behavioral therapy for MA addiction treatment. Materials and Methods. MA users who participated in group cognitive behavioral therapy and met the inclusion criteria were referred from psychiatrists to participate. The participants received laser acupuncture treatment once a week for 2 months (total eight treatments) on selected acupoints (PC6, HT7, LI4, ST36, SP6, and LR3). Laboratory assessment included urinalysis for MA and liver function tests aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltransferase (AST, ALT, and γ-GT), whereas the objective assessment included visual analog scale (VAS) for MA craving and refusal and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaires. All data were collected before and at 1 and 2 months after treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy completion rate and rate of relapse to MA use were also determined. Result. Fifteen participants were enrolled, of whom seven completed the trial. Urinalysis for MA revealed a decrease in drug use from 57.1% to 28.6%. Compared with those before treatment, PSQI scores were significantly lower at 1 and 2 months after treatment (−3.73 and −4.10, respectively; both

p
<
0.001

), and so were BDI scores (−5.64 and −8.17, respectively;

p
=
0.01

and 0.001, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed in the liver function test, VAS of craving and refusal, and BAI results. A slight improvement in the motivation for drug abstinence and anxiety was observed during the treatment course. Participants reported no adverse events. Conclusion. Laser acupuncture combined with group cognitive behavioral therapy may improve sleep quality, alleviate depression, and reduce MA use. Additional large-scale studies confirming the effectiveness of this modality are warranted.
Determination of Mining-Induced Changes in Hydrogeological Parameters of Overburden Aquifer in a Coalfield, Northwest China: Approaches Using the Water Level Response to Earth Tides
Authors: Xu Qingyu , Wang Guangcai , Liang Xiangyang , Qu Shen , Shi Zheming , Wang Xianbin
Published: May 2021

The determination of changes in hydrogeological properties (e.g., permeability and specific storage) of aquifers disturbed by mining activity is significant to groundwater resource and ecological environment protection in coal mine areas. However, such parameters are difficult to continuously measure in situ using conventional hydrogeological methods, and their temporal changes associated with coal mining are not well understood. The response of well water level to Earth tides provides a unique probe to determine the in situ hydrogeological parameters and their variations. In this study, the tidal responses of well water level were employed to characterize the changes in hydrogeological parameters of the overburden aquifer induced by longwall mining in a coalfield, northwest China. Based on the long-term hourly recorded water level data, two analytical models were used to determine the temporal changes of permeability and specific storage of the overburden aquifer. The results showed that the hydrogeological parameters changed with the longwall coal face advance. When the longwall coal face approached the wells, the aquifer permeability increased several to dozens of times, and the response distance ranged from 80 m to 300 m. The specific storage decreased before the coal face reached wells and recovered after the coal face passed. The results of this study indicate that the hydrogeological parameter changes induced by coal mining are related to the location of the well relative to the coal face and the stress distribution in the overburden aquifer. This study revealed the changes in permeability and specific storage associated with the mining disturbance which could have great significance for quantitative assessment of the impact of mining on overburden aquifer.
A Review of Intermediate Pyrolysis as a Technology of Biomass Conversion for Coproduction of Biooil and Adsorption Biochar
Authors: Kazawadi Deodatus , Ntalikwa Justin , Kombe Godlisten
Published: May 2021

The agenda to utilize and efficiently convert biomass has been raised to alleviate environmental problems and pressure on the reliance on fossil fuel. Intermediate pyrolysis has the ability to treat different biomasses and coproduction of biooil and adsorption biochar. This review article aims to evaluate the appropriateness of intermediate pyrolysis for the coproduction of biooil and adsorption biochar. It was observed that coproduced biooil is of high quality, stable, and miscible that can be used directly to existing engines or be easily blended. The biochar coproduced is good for adsorption but is not stable for microbial attack and hence unsuitable in soil treatment but for hydrometallurgy. Since the process is capable of treating waste biomass, it is an opportunity for further investigations in areas where wastes are plenty and less utilized. To increase the effectiveness of this technology for coproduction, optimizing parameters, design of efficient reactors, and use of catalyst must be worked upon.
Intranasally Administered L-Myc-Immortalized Human Neural Stem Cells Migrate to Primary and Distal Sites of Damage after Cortical Impact and Enhance Spatial Learning
Authors: Gutova Margarita , Cheng Jeffrey P. , Adhikarla Vikram , Tsaturyan Lusine , Barish Michael E. , Rockne Russell C. , Moschonas Eleni H. , Bondi Corina O. , Kline Anthony E.
Published: May 2021

As the success of stem cell-based therapies is contingent on efficient cell delivery to damaged areas, neural stem cells (NSCs) have promising therapeutic potential because they inherently migrate to sites of central nervous system (CNS) damage. To explore the possibility of NSC-based therapy after traumatic brain injury (TBI), isoflurane-anesthetized adult male rats received a controlled cortical impact (CCI) of moderate severity (2.8 mm deformation at 4 m/s) or sham injury (i.e., no cortical impact). Beginning 1-week post-injury, the rats were immunosuppressed and

1
×

10

6

human NSCs (LM-NS008.GFP.fLuc) or vehicle (VEH) (2% human serum albumen) were administered intranasally (IN) on post-operative days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17. To evaluate the spatial distributions of the LM-NSC008 cells, half of the rats were euthanized on day 25, one day after completion of the cognitive task, and the other half were euthanized on day 46. 1 mm thick brain sections were optically cleared (CLARITY), and volumes were imaged by confocal microscopy. In addition, LM-NSC008 cell migration to the TBI site by immunohistochemistry for human-specific Nestin was observed at day 39. Acquisition of spatial learning was assessed in a well-established Morris water maze task on six successive days beginning on post-injury day 18. IN administration of LM-NSC008 cells after TBI (

TBI
+
NSC

) significantly facilitated spatial learning relative to

TBI
+
VEH

rats (

p
<
0.05

) and had no effect on

sham
+
NSC

rats. Overall, these data indicate that IN-administered LM-NSC008 cells migrate to sites of TBI damage and that their presence correlates with cognitive improvement. Future studies will expand on these preliminary findings by evaluating other LM-NSC008 cell dosing paradigms and evaluating mechanisms by which LM-NSC008 cells contribute to cognitive recovery.
On Controllability of Fractional Continuous-Time Systems
Authors: Ghasemi Mina , Nassiri Kameleh
Published: May 2021

The aim of this paper is to study the controllability of fractional systems involving the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative using the Caputo approach. In the first step, the solution of a linear fractional system is obtained. Then, based on the obtained solution, some necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability of such a system will be presented. Afterwards, the controllability of a nonlinear fractional system will be analyzed, based on these results. Our tool for the presentation of the sufficient conditions of controllability in this part is Schauder fixed point theorem. In the last step, the analytical results are illustrated by numerical examples.
Sampling‐Based Event‐Triggered Control for Neutral‐Type Complex‐Valued Neural Networks with Partly Unknown Markov Jump and Time‐Varying Delay
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xiong Lianglin , Zhang Haiyang , Liu Yingying
Published: May 2021

This work is devoted to studying the stochastic stabilization of a class of neutral‐type complex‐valued neural networks (CVNNs) with partly unknown Markov jump. Firstly, in order to reduce the conservation of our stability conditions, two integral inequalities are generalized to the complex‐valued domain. Secondly, a state‐feedback controller is designed to investigate the stability of the neutral‐type CVNNs with H∞ performance, making the stability problem a further extension, and then, the stabilization of the CVNNs with H∞ performance is investigated through a sampling‐based event‐triggered (SBET) control for the first time that the transmission event is not triggered except when it violates the event‐triggered condition. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the validity and correctness of our obtained theorems.
Virtual Screening of Drug Proteins Based on Imbalance Data Mining
Authors: Li Peng , Yin Lili , Zhao Bo , Sun Yuezhongyi
Published: May 2021

To address the imbalanced data problem in molecular docking-based virtual screening methods, this paper proposes a virtual screening method for drug proteins based on imbalanced data mining, which introduces machine learning technology into the virtual screening technology for drug proteins to deal with the imbalanced data problem in the virtual screening process and improve the accuracy of the virtual screening. First, to address the data imbalance problem caused by the large difference between the number of active compounds and the number of inactive compounds in the docking conformation generated by the actual virtual screening process, this paper proposes a way to improve the data imbalance problem using SMOTE combined with genetic algorithm to synthesize new active compounds artificially by upsampling active compounds. Then, in order to improve the accuracy in the virtual screening process of drug proteins, the idea of integrated learning is introduced, and the random forest (RF) extended from Bagging integrated learning technique is combined with the support vector machine (SVM) technique, and the virtual screening of molecular docking conformations using RF-SVM technique is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of active compounds in docking conformations. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, first, HIV-1 protease and SRC kinase were used as test data for the experiments, and then, CA II was used to validate the model of the test data. The virtual screening of drug proteins using the proposed method in this paper showed an improvement in both enrichment factor (EF) and AUC compared with the use of the traditional virtual screening, for the test dataset. Therefore, it can be shown that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of drug virtual screening.
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gallbladder: A Clinicopathological Analysis of 13 Patients and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Wang Pengyan , Chen Jingci , Jiang Ying , Jia Congwei , Pang Junyi , Wang Shan , Chang Xiaoyan
Published: May 2021

Objectives. Mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) are rare gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasms (GB-NENs). This study is aimed at investigating the clinicopathological features of GB-NENs and identifying prognostic factors related to overall survival (OS) of GB-MiNENs. Methods. The clinical data and pathological features of 13 patients with GB-NENs in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Additionally, 41 GB-MiNENs cases reported in English literature were reviewed and survival analysis was performed. Results. The mean age of thirteen patients (6 males and 7 females) with GB-NENs was 57.2 years (range: 35-75 years). Two patients were diagnosed with NET grade 1 (G1), two patients with NEC (

large
 
cell
/
small
 
cell
=
1
/
1

), and nine patients with MiNENs. Of these 9 patients with MiNENs, 8 had composite tumors and 1 had amphicrine carcinoma. Microscopically, the adenocarcinoma component was located in the surface mucosa, and the neuroendocrine component was in the area of deep invasion, liver infiltration, and lymph node metastasis. Total analysis of 41 GB-MiNENs showed that patients were mainly elderly women (female/male ratio, 2.4 : 1.0; median age, 60 years). Kaplan-Meier’s analysis demonstrated that liver metastasis and TNM stage III-IV were associated with decreased OS (

P
<
0.05

), whereas age, sex, tumor size, grade of the neuroendocrine component, lymph node metastasis, and adjuvant chemotherapy were not significantly prognostic indicators of OS. Multivariate analysis identified liver metastasis (

hazard
 
ratio
=
4.262

,

95
%
confidence
 
interval
=
1.066
‐
17.044

,

P
=
0.040

) as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. Conclusions. GB-MiNENs were the most common type of GB-NENs in our case series, and neuroendocrine components exhibited more aggressive lymph node metastasis and local invasion than adenocarcinoma. Liver metastasis was a poor prognostic indicator in GB-MiNENs patients.
Essential Oils from Thymus capitatus and Thymus algeriensis as Antimicrobial Agents to Control Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria in Ground Meat
Authors: Jayari Asma , Jouini Ahlem , Boukhris Hager , Hamrouni Safa , Damergi Chokri , Ben Hadj Ahmed Sami , Maaroufi Abderrazek
Published: May 2021

The antibacterial effects of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Thymus capitatus and Thymus algeriensis were assessed and evaluated against four pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19118), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 1402)) and one spoilage bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)). Both investigated EOs presented significant antimicrobial activities against all tested bacteria with a greater antibacterial effect of T. capitatus EO. In fact, the results indicated that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of T. capitatus EO are in the range of 0.006–0.012% and 0.012–0.025%, respectively, while those of T. algeriensis EO ranged between 0.012 and 0.025% and 0.05%, respectively. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of both EOs were appraised against the spoilage bacterium P. aeruginosa, inoculated in minced beef meat, at two different loads (105 and 108 CFU) mixed with different concentrations of EOs (0.01, 0.05, 1, and 3%) and stored at 4°C for 15 days. The obtained data demonstrated that the antibacterial effect of tested EOs varies significantly in regard to the levels of meat contamination and the concentrations of EOs. In fact, in the presence of 0.01 and 0.05% of oils, a decrease in bacterial growth

p
<
0.01

was observed; but, such an effect was more pronounced in the presence of higher concentrations of EOs (1 and 3%), regardless the level of meat contamination. Besides, at the low contamination level, both EOs exerted a rapid and a more pronounced antibacterial effect, as compared to the high contamination level. The results illustrated the efficacy of both EOs as preservatives in food against well-known pathogens of food-borne diseases and food spoilage, particularly in P. aeruginosa in beef meat. As regards sensory evaluation, the presence of T. capitatus EO proved to improve the sensory quality of minced beef meat.
Identification and Verification of a 17 Immune‐Related Gene Pair Prognostic Signature for Colon Cancer
Authors: Zhang Qianshi , Feng Zhen , Zhang Yongnian , Shi Shasha , Zhang Yu , Ren Shuangyi
Published: May 2021

Background. Colon cancer (CC) is a malignant tumor with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence shows that the immune signature plays an important role in the tumorigenesis, progression, and prognosis of CC. Our study is aimed at establishing a novel robust immune‐related gene pair signature for predicting the prognosis of CC. Methods. Gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical information are obtained from two public data sets: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, GSE39582). We screened out immune‐related gene pairs (IRGPs) associated with prognosis in the discovery cohort. Lasso‐Cox proportional hazard regression was used to develop the best prognostic signature model. According to this, the patients in the validation cohort were divided into high immune‐risk group and low immune‐risk group, and the prediction ability of the signature model was verified by survival analysis and independent prognostic analysis. Results. A total of 17 IRGPs composed of 26 IRGs were used to construct a prognostic‐related risk scoring model. This model accurately predicted the prognosis of CC patients, and the patients in the high immune‐risk group indicated poor prognosis in the discovery cohort and validation cohort. Besides, whether in univariate or multivariate analysis, the IRGP signature was an independent prognostic factor. T cell CD4 memory resting in the low‐risk group was significantly higher than that in the high‐risk group. Functional analysis showed that the biological processes of the low‐risk group included “TCA cycle” and “RNA degradation,” while the high‐risk group was enriched in the “CAMs” and “focal adhesion” pathways. Conclusion. We have successfully established a signature model composed of 17 IRGPs, which provides a novel idea to predict the prognosis of CC patients.
[Retracted] Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Urban Landscape in the Central Plains under the Influence of Multiscale and Multilevel Morphological Geomorphology
Authors: Li Hongxiang , Zhao Ting , Ge Nan
Published: May 2021

This paper presents an in‐depth analysis and research on the spatial distribution pattern of the urban landscape in the Central Plains digital landscape form and proposes an optimization scheme. Based on the basic theories of systematics and complexity, this paper analyzes the self‐similar characteristics of urban morphology, establishes the concept of schema, and constructs a multiscale and multilevel morphological map research framework by drawing on the “planar pattern” morphological analysis method of the school and the “matrix, patch, and corridor” spatial expression model of landscape ecology. The framework of morphological map research at multiple scales has been established, and the theory and method of describing, understanding, judging, and analyzing morphological evolution have been formed. Cities have self‐similarity at different scales, and urban evolution is a process of recursion from small‐scale hierarchy to large‐scale hierarchy, and hierarchy is a phenomenon presented by the natural evolution of cities. After any morphological process is completed, it can only be transformed into the other two ways, so the static morphological description can be transformed into dynamic morphological process analysis.
Effects of Annealing and Deformation on Sagging Resistance of a Hot‐Rolled, Four‐Layered Al Alloy Clad Sheet
Authors: Kang Minglong , Zhou Li , Deng Yunlai , Lei Jinqin
Published: May 2021

Multilayer brazeable aluminum alloy sheet is prone to collapse during high‐temperature brazing process. The sagging resistance of the aluminum composite sheet needs to be further improved for quality control. Effects of annealing and rate of reduction on sagging resistance, microstructure, and Si diffusion of a hot‐rolled, four‐layered Al clad sheet (4343/3003/6111/3003) were investigated by means of a sagging device, OM, SEM, and TEM. Results showed that once annealed at 360°C, the sagging distance was increased from 3 to 15.7 mm as the reduction rate changed from 10% to 40%. By increasing annealing temperature to 410°C, those were changed from 3.1 to 20.8 mm accordingly. At 360°C/40% and 410°C/40%, specimens exhibited weak sagging resistance, whereas fine recrystallized grains were formed in the core promoting Si penetration along grain boundaries. While the specimens were treated at 360°C/10% and 410°C/10%, better sagging resistance was observed due to the formation of coarse recrystallized grains that can suppress erosion of Si. At the same reduction rate, the sagging resistance was higher for the sample annealed at a lower temperature as more precipitates appeared in the core (at 360°C), thus leading to an increase in strength.
Advantages of Combining Factorization Machine with Elman Neural Network for Volatility Forecasting of Stock Market
Authors: Wang Fang , Tang Sai , Li Menggang
Published: May 2021

With a focus in the financial market, stock market dynamics forecasting has received much attention. Predicting stock market fluctuations is usually challenging due to the nonlinear and nonstationary time series of stock prices. The Elman recurrent network is renowned for its capability of dealing with dynamic information, which has made it a successful application to predicting. We developed a hybrid approach which combined Elman recurrent network with factorization machine (FM) technique, i.e., the FM‐Elman neural network, to predict stock market volatility. In this paper, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Price (S&P 500) index, the Dow Jones industrial average (DJIA) index, the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite (SSEC) index, and the Shenzhen Securities Component Index (SZI) were used to demonstrate the validity of our proposed FM‐Elman model in time‐series prediction. The results were compared with predictions obtained from the other two models which are basic BP neural network and the Elman neural network. Some experiments showed that the FM‐Elman model outperforms others through different accuracy measures. Furthermore, the effects of volatility degree on prediction performance from different stock indexes were investigated. An interesting phenomenon had been found through some numerical experiments on the effects of different user‐specified dimensions on the proposed FM‐Elman neural network.
How to Identify Patterns of Citywide Dynamic Traffic at a Low Cost? An In‐Depth Neural Network Approach with Digital Maps
Authors: Zhang Li , Gong Ke , Xu Maozeng , Li Aixing , Dong Yuanxiang , Wang Yong
Published: May 2021

The identification and analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamic traffic patterns in citywide road networks constitute a crucial process for complex traffic management and control. However, city‐scale and synchronal traffic data pose challenges for such kind of quantification, especially during peak hours. Traditional studies rely on data from road‐based detectors or multiple communication systems, which are limited in not only access but also coverage. To avoid these limitations, we introduce real‐time, traffic condition digital maps as our input. The digital maps keep spatiotemporal urban traffic information in nature and are open to access. Their pixel colors represent traffic conditions on corresponding road segments. We propose a stacked convolutional autoencoder‐based method to extract a low‐dimension feature vector for each input. We compute and analyze the distances between vectors. The statistical results show different traffic patterns during given periods. With the actual data of Chongqing city, we compare the feature extraction performance between our proposed method and histogram. The result shows our proposed method can extract spatiotemporal features better. For the same data set, there is little difference in the number distribution of red pixels found in the statistics result of the histogram, while differences do exist in the results of our proposed method. We find the most fluctuated morning is on Friday; the most fluctuated evening is on Tuesday; and the most stable evening is on Wednesday. The distance captured by our method can represent the evolution of different traffic conditions during the morning and evening peak hours. Our proposed method provides managers with assistance to sense the dynamics of citywide traffic conditions in quantity.
Numerical Study on Combustion and Atomization Characteristics of Coaxial Injectors for LOX/Methane Engine
Authors: Xu Jiabao , Jin Ping , Li Ruizhi , Wang Jue , Cai Guobiao
Published: May 2021

The LOX/methane engine has an admirable performance under a supercritical state. However, the properties of methane change drastically with varying injection temperature. Because the injector can greatly affect the atomization and combustion, this study performed a three-dimensional numerical simulation of atomization, combustion, and heat transfer in a subscale LOX/methane engine to evaluate the effect of the main fluid parameters with different methane injection temperatures and different injectors on atomization performance and combustion performance. The results show that the larger propellant momentum ratio and Weber number can improve the heat flux and combustion stability in shear coaxial injector, while the influence in swirl coaxial injector is relatively small. Moreover, in shear coaxial injector and in swirl coaxial injector, the larger propellant momentum ratio and Weber number can reduce the droplet size, enhance atomization performance, and improve the combustion efficiency. The numerical model provides an economical method to evaluate the main fluid parameters and proposes new design principles of injectors in LOX/methane engine.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Desorption and Diffusion Process of the Adsorbed Gas in Coal Rock under Isothermal Conditions
Authors: Zhang Xiaohu , Li Hui , Wang Chunguang , Zhao Zhifeng , Li Lifeng , Wang Xiao
Published: May 2021

Investigation of desorption of diffusion migration of native adsorbed gas in coal under the action of temperature has always been one of the important directions of coal mine safety research. Five coal samples from the Sichuan Furong mining area are studied under the different isothermal conditions (35°C, 30°C, 24.5°C, 36.2°C, and 40°C) by means of laboratory tests; the desorption, diffusion, and migration processes of adsorbed gas were studied; the escaped gas volume in the process of diffusion, the escaped gas pressure, and the change of the concentration of the gas component content are summarized; and the emitted gas volume curve will be eventually found to be constant under the isothermal process. In addition, the escaped gas concentration showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Based on the CT scan slice of coal samples, a network model of coal fracture based on the Tyson polygon contraction method is established in this paper, and LS-DYNA software is used to analyze the transient diffusion behavior of methane under three isothermal conditions (24.5°C, 30°C, and 42°C), and the experimental results are verified.
Sensorless Whole-Body Compliance Control of Collaborative Manipulator Based on Haptic Filter and Position Controller
Authors: Wang Binluan , Jin Hongzhe , Zhao Jie , Liu Yubin , Liu Xiufang
Published: May 2021

This study presents a cost-effective sensorless whole-body compliance control strategy for collaborative manipulator. The control strategy realizes decoupled adjustable compliant effects, namely, stiffness, damping, and inertia controls, under a single control framework. The inherent position controller is retained, which ensures a smooth transition between normal position operation and compliance control. The two features can greatly simplify the customization of collaborative manipulator control algorithms. A modified sensorless disturbance observer based on generalized momentum is used to estimate the external torque, and this way eliminates the dependence on the force/torque sensors. Only basic motor position sensors are required. The compliant trajectory generated by the external torque is sufficiently smooth owing to the haptic filter. Various experiments prove that the modified sensorless disturbance observer is effective. The necessity of using the position servo loop for sensorless compliance control is discussed through a comparative experiment. The proposed compliance control strategy is further verified using sensorless and sensor-based disturbance observers.
Response of Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merrill)) to Bradyrhizobium Inoculation, Lime, and Phosphorus Applications at Bako, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Dabesa Alemayehu , Tana Tamado
Published: May 2021

Soil acidity and poor soil fertility are the major soil chemical constraints which limit crop productivity in western Ethiopia. In leguminous crops, low productivity is not only a result of declining soil fertility but also reduced N2 fixation due to biological and environmental factors. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the influence of lime, Bradyrhizobium inoculation, and phosphorus fertilizer on soybean yield components and yields and to identify economically feasible treatments that can maximize the productivity of soybean. Factorial combinations of three Bradyrhizobium strains (uninoculated, TAL379, and Legumefix), two lime levels (0 and 3.12 t ha−1), and four P levels (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg P2O5 ha−1) were laid out in RCBD with three replications. The results showed that the application of lime (3.12 t ha−1) significantly increased soil pH (5.6), plant height (77.2 cm), number of primary branches per plant (6.6), 100-seed weight (17.5 g), grain yield (3431 kg ha−1), and harvest index (41%). Similarly, significantly higher grain yield (3228 kg ha−1) and harvest index (41%) were obtained with inoculation of TAL379 whereas Legumefix inoculation recorded the highest number of primary branches (6.7). The effect of P at 69 kg P2O5 ha−1also gave significantly higher plant height (75.5 cm), number of primary branches (6.6), grain yield (3277 kg ha−1), and harvest index (43%). The interaction of P and Bradyrhizobium inoculation significantly influenced days to physiological maturity and number of pods per plant. Similarly, the interaction of phosphorus and lime significantly influenced days to 50% flowering. Likewise, the combination of lime (3.12 t ha−1) with TAL379 inoculation gave the highest aboveground biomass. On the other hand, the interaction of Bradyrhizobium × lime × phosphorus revealed that application of 69 kg P2O5 ha−1 without TAL379 inoculation under limed condition significantly resulted in the highest number of nodules per plant (79.4) and number of effective nodules (67.9). Thus, it can be concluded that, particularly in the western part of Ethiopia where soil acidity is a major problem, application of phosphorus with Bradyrhizobium and lime is an alternative option to enhance biological nitrogen fixation and grain yield of soybean in smallholder farming system.
Quadratic Cost Minimax Optimal Control Problems for a Semilinear Viscoelastic Equation with Long Memory
Authors: Hwang Jin-soo
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we study the quadratic cost minimax optimal control problems for a semilinear viscoelastic equation with long memory. A global well-posedness theorem regarding the solutions to its Cauchy problem is given. We formulate the minimax control problem with bilinear control inputs and corresponding disturbances. Under some assumptions, we prove the existence of optimal pairs and give necessary optimality conditions for optimal pairs in some observation cases.