bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catherine II’s the early reign of Oleg: Sarti, Canobbio and Pashkevich working towards an ideal
Authors: Giust Anna
Published: December 2016

This paper focuses on Catherine II?s The Early Reign of Oleg (1790) as a
demonstrative performance of the sovereign?s policy. In the context of
Catherine?s early nationalistic pride and her ?Greek project?, the
performance is understood as a synthesis embodying in music the vision of
Russia as an Empire ready to receive the heritage of Byzantium, thanks to
Sarti?s use of modes combined with the Russian folk elements introduced by
Canobbio and Pashkevich. In this context, Nikolay L?vov represents the
joining link, having theorized that Russian folk music originated from
ancient Greek music.
"To be strong and civilised at the same time is very difficult..." musicologists about the politics: Jacques Handschin and Higini Anglés, from the correspondence of the 1930s
Authors: Kniazeva Jeanna
Published: December 2016

This article is based on the correspondence between two important European
musicologists of the second quarter of the 20th century, Jacques Handschin
and Higini Angl?s. I analyse the political problems discussed in these
letters as well as the influence of the political beliefs of the both
scientists on their scientific concepts.
Singing with gusle accompaniment and the music industry: The first gramophone records of gusle players` performances (1908−1931/2)
Authors: Lajic-Mihajlovic Danka , Djordjevic-Belic Smiljana
Published: December 2016

The gramophone record industry had developed in the Yugoslav region from the
beginning of the 20th century. The paper is based on an analysis of the
corpus of 78 rpm records of singing with gusle accompaniment, which were
produced between 1908 and 1932. Available recordings highlight the issue of
representing both the epic and the gusle playing tradition in this media
format and its relationship with ?unmediated? live gusle playing practice.
Therefore the authors opted to analyze gramophone records as both a text in
culture and an actor in tradition. After introductory theoretical and
methodological remarks, the authors offer a brief description of the
historical, political and socio-cultural context that emphasized epic singing
with gusle accompaniment as a representative traditional genre in this area.
For that reason it was noteworthy for both western and local production
companies which made recordings in the Balkans (Deutsche Grammophon
Gesellschaft mbH., Odeon Records, Marsh Laboratories, Inc., Edison Bell
Penkala Ltd.). Analysis of the recordings is focused on examination of the
way in which gusle players responded to different requirements of the new
media (e.g. the insufficient capacity of a record itself compared to the
usual duration of a performance; the reduction of a complex form of artistic
communication to an oral, auditory message, while additional forms of
non-verbal communication are excluded). Through discussion of the treatment
of verbal and musical components of the recorded performances it has been
shown that tradition was simultaneously exemplified and reshaped by this new
medium. In addition to the guslars themselves, being already recognized
artists in this traditional genre and the acoustic source (the voice
accompanied by the gusle), the representative base of the epic tradition
comprised traditional (poetic) texts, although modifications / innovations
are recognizable at different levels of verbal content, as well as on the
level of music interpretation. On these bases, it is possible to talk about
the contribution of new media to the professionalization of guslars? practice
and the creation of ?stars? among them on the one hand, and the progressive
transformation of once-active audience members (in the sense of potentially
exchangeable performer / listener positions) into passive buyers and
consumers, on the other. It is noted that these, first gramophone records of
guslars had a great role in and impact on the survival of the epic singing
tradition, brokering its promotion in urban areas and among the ?cultural
elite?. Finally, in this way they contributed to the strengthening of this
tradition in a historical period that brought disintegration of the system of
traditional culture and ?crisis? of the most of the current classic folklore
genres.
Music as intersubjectivity: A problematic for the sociology of the arts
Authors: Lagerspetz Mikko
Published: December 2016

Music has the power of establishing a sense of personal closeness and of
confirming the existence of a meaningful reality. This is because it creates,
or imitates a face-to face situation in which participants experience the
same events during shared time. Face-to-face interaction is the primary means
by which humans are able to conduct a ?reality check? in the face of chaos,
sense of meaninglessness and unreality. However, this interaction is
basically ?about nothing?; in this sense, it is an instance of ?pure
sociality?. Musical phenomena are semiotic in nature only insofar as they do
not stand for themselves, but for something else. When describing social
facts and social practices, we are heavily dependent on words and concepts.
At the same time, the arts do, by definition, endeavour to bring about
experiences that are untranslatable to any other form of expression. Arts
sociologists? answer to this dilemma has most often been to turn away from
the arts themselves and to concentrate instead on the social fields and
activities that surround them. This essay suggests a perspective of music as
interaction creating an intersubjectively shared experience. At the same
time, it is admitted that music, similarly to any other kind of interaction,
can also fail in this, or be used deliberately for exclusion. This essay
invites discussion on possible uses of this perspective in sociological and
cultural research.
Association of attachment disorganization, attachment-related emotion regulation, and cortisol response after standardized psychosocial stress procedure: A pilot study
Authors: Petrowski Katja , Beetz Andrea , Schurig Susan , Wintermann Gloria-Beatrice , Buchheim Anna
Published: December 2016

Attachment representations are related to maintaining biological homeostasis, including physiological stress and emotional regulation. Therefore, recent research has focused on attachment stress regulation and hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. However, the attachment disorganization underlying emotion regulation associated with the HPA axis response has not yet been investigated. In our study, the attachment representation and the HPA-axis reactivity by cortisol level before and after the Trier Social Stress Test were assessed in a sample of 98 healthy non-clinical subjects. As expected, approximately 30% of this sample showed a disorganized attachment representation. The subjects? unresolved attachment (breakdown of emotional regulation) showed a prolonged cortisol recovery. No differences were found between the attachment patterns in the increase and the delta of the cortisol response. However, the cortisol reactivity differed significantly for the occurrence of emotional regulation. The subjects with a high occurrence of attachment-related emotion regulation showed a higher cortisol response than the subjects with an unresolved attachment and the ones with a low occurrence of attachment-related emotion regulation. Regulating the negative emotions of stressful situations may require more attention as it might lead to an increased activation of the physiological system.
Organizational cooperation and knowledge management in research and development organizations
Authors: Rebelo Dos , Pais Leonor , Mónico Lisete , Rebelo Luísa , Moliner Carolina
Published: December 2016

Organizational Cooperation (OC) is a current concept that responds to the
growing interdependence among individuals and teams. Likewise, Knowledge
Management (KM) accompanies specialization in all sectors of human activity.
Most KM processes are cooperation-intensive, and the way both constructs
relate to each other is relevant in understanding organizations and promoting
performance. The present paper focuses on that relationship. The
Organizational Cooperation Questionnaire (ORCOQ) and the Short form of the
Knowledge Management Questionnaire (KMQ-SF) were applied to 639 members of
research and development (R&D) organizations (Universities and Research
Institutes). Descriptive, correlational, linear multiple regression and
multivariate multiple regression analyses were performed. Results showed
significant positive relationships between the ORCOQ and all the KMQ-SF
dimensions. The prediction of KMQ-SF showed a large effect size (R2 = 62%).
These findings will impact on how KM and OC are seen, and will be a step
forward in the development of this field.
The relationship between thematic, lexical, and syntactic features of written texts and personality traits
Authors: Jakovljev Ivana , Milin Petar
Published: December 2016

The relationship between linguistic features of written texts and personality
traits was investigated. Linguistic features used in this study were thematic
(co-occurrence of the most frequent content words across participants),
lexical (the maximum of new words) and syntactic (average sentence length).
Personality traits were measured by VP+2 questionnaire standardized for
Serbian population. Research was conducted on text materials collected from
114 Serbian participants (age 15-65), in their native tongue. Results showed
that participants who gained low scores on Conscientiousness and high scores
on Neuroticism and Negative Valence wrote about repeated daily activities and
everyday life, but not about job-related matters or life perspective. Higher
scores on Aggressiveness and Negative Valence coincided with writing about
job-related matters and with the lower lexical richness. By showing that
thematic content of text materials is affected by personality traits, these
results support and expand previous findings regarding the relationship
between personality and linguistic behaviour.
Examining the presence of specific antibodies against Salmonella enteritidis in vaccinated and unvaccinated poultry
Authors: Radojicic Marina , Markovic Maja , Nisavic Jakov , Krnjaic Dejan , Zdravkovic Nemanja
Published: December 2016

Introduction. The objective of our research was to point to the significance
of serological diagnostic methods, that is, competitive immunoenzyme test -
cELISA as well as the method of classical agglutination of O and H salmonella
antigen, for specific antibodies against Salmonella enterica subspecies
enterica serovar Enteritidis presence and titre detection in blood serum
samples of bothvaccinated and unvaccinated poultry. Material and methods. In
our work, we have used commercial competitive immunoenzyme test - cELISA and
classical agglutination method with O and H antigens of Salmonella enterica
subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis. Comparative testing included 177
blood serum samples of poultry, out of which 137 was from unvaccinated and 40
from vaccinated individuals originating from majority of poutry farms.
Results. In 74 blood serum samples, that is 54,01% out of the total of tested
samples originating from unvaccinated flocks, by the use of cELISA test,
there were found specific antibodies against S. Enteritidis, while by the
method of classical agglutination specific antibodies against O antigen 1,9
and 12 were found in 58 samples, that is in 42,34% , and specific antibodies
against H antigen g and m were found in 61 samples,what was 44,53% . In all
the tested blood serum samples of vaccinated poultry, there was determined
the presence of of specific antibodies against S. Enteritidis, both by the
use of competitive cELISA method and classical agglutination with somatic O
and flagellar H antigens. By the statistical analysis of the results obtained
by the method of classical agglutination and cELISA use of kappa test, there
was found out a very good compliance (kappa=0,813). Conclusion. Based on the
compared results of blood serum testing on the presence of specific
antibodies against S. Enteritidis, it can be concluded that cELISA and
classic agglutination with O and H antigen methods have a significant place
in serological diagnostics of poultry samonelosis, because their application
enables detection of the titre of specific antibodies against S. Enteritidis
presence in the population of unvaccinated poultry sensitized with antigens
of the mentioned causative agent, as well as in unvaccinated animals.
Equine viral arteritis
Authors: Kosec Marjan , Sterbenc Natasa , Mrkun Janko , Klobucar Igor , Klinc Primoz
Published: December 2016

Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a contagious disease of equids caused by
equine artheritis virus (EAV), widespread in most countries in the world,
where patients are diagnosed. The infection usually starts asymptomatic.
Clinical signs indicate respiratory infection of different intensity and
also abortions are present at different stages of gestation. Large
prevalence of this disease in the world has become a growing economic
problem. The disease is specific to a particular kind of animals, and it
affects only equids (horses, donkeys, mules, mule and zebras). In countries
where the infection has been confirmed, the percentage of positive animals
differ. Likewise, there is difference in percentage among certain animal
kinds. The highest percentage of positive animals has been found in totters
and the lowest in cold-blooded.
The safety of antimicrobial drugs
Authors: Cupic Vitomir , Jezdimirovic Milanka , Dobric Silva , Ivanovic Sasa , Cupic-Miladinovic Dejana
Published: December 2016

The discovery and introduction of antimicrobial drugs in clinical practice
has been recorded as one of the greatest achievements in the history of
medicine. The application of these drugs, made a big, almost revolutionary
upheaval in treatment of many infectious diseases. Its significance for the
humanity lies in the fact that hundreds of thousands of people, until then
condemned to a certain death, has been saved now. However, it was shown that
antimicrobial therapy carries some risk of possible occurrence of
undesirable and toxic effects, such as direct toxic effects, development of
resistance, the impact on the normal microflora or disorder of
micropopulation metabolic functions in digestive tract of ruminants,
unwanted interactions with other drugs, damage or necrosis of the tissue at
the injection site, residues in foodstuff intended for human consumption,
suppression of immune system or defense mechanisms of the body, and damage
of fetal or neonatal tissue. All mentioned, directly or indirectly, to a
greater or lesser degree can reduce the safety of these drugs.
Double standards: The west and Russia
Authors: Mirovic Dejan
Published: December 2016

In relation towards Russia, there is a tacit consent of the West not to apply
basic principles of modern international law. Such rule is not applied in one
state only or in some short post-Cold war period? Unique rules have been
applied in that case for almost 300 years, since the creation of the Russian
Empire. Breaking the rule of diplomatic immunity in case of a Russian
diplomat in 1708 in London and his arrest are an incident that could be
compared to taking of hostages in the US embassy in Teheran. Also, breaking
the Convention on Malta from 1798 by Great Britain shows that even the most
basic principles of international contract law, pacta sunt servanda are not
respected when it comes to Russia. Judgment in case ?Wimbledon? in front of
SSMP shows that sometimes it is legal even to start a violent war against
Russia. Double standards are applied by the West when it comes to recognizing
the independence of Kosovo, 2008 and Crimea, 2014 and breaking the contract
signed with the ex Ukrainian president Janukovic in 2014. Different standards
when it comes to aggression of Saudi Arabia on Yemen and sanctions towards
Russia because of the Ukraine in 2015, show that its custom legal case or one
sided legal rule that the West applies towards Russia. Sometimes, as with the
diplomatic boycott of 9 May celebration in Moscow, the EU does not even ask
for unanimous approval of such custom legal rules. That is why it could be
concluded that customary laws are not based on the idea of justice and
respect for international law and not even on state reason (raison d? ?tat).
This has arisen directly from the theory of customary law that does not
recognize the mutuality of application of rules between civilized and
barbaric countries. That is why such behaviour towards Russia can be defined
as regional customary law that is applied unilaterally by the groups of
states.
Economics of education - old and new issues
Authors: Spariosu Todor
Published: December 2016

This paper is a survey of contemporary education economics. Special focus is
put on the evolution of theoretical concepts, questions opened, given answers
and analytical methods. The paper contains introductory remarks and two
thematic units. In the first, two economic models of education are presented:
human capital model and sorting (signalling and screening) model. By
reviewing their common elements, an attempt was made to generalize the
models. In the second part, education production process is considered with
special reference to education production functions. However, production
functions approach in education open up many problems. Hereof, an alternative
approach to look into relationship between education resources and
performance is presented - by measuring efficiency in educational context.
Homophily in social networks
Authors: Bilinovic Аna , Sokolovska Valentina
Published: December 2016

Homophily is a prominent feature of social networks and consistent structural
feature of societies and their segments. Defined as a tendency towards
?joining with their own kind,? homophily represents a condition in which the
participants in interaction have one or more common social attributes, above
the level which can be predicted by the basic model of random grouping. This
paper analyzes the nature and types of homophilic interactions, focusing on
the many types of homophilic networks among a wide range of dimensions in
which the similarities in the social attributes of the individuals cause
homophily. Special attention is paid to the origin of homophilic interaction,
the impact of structural constraints on patterns of homophily, as well as
cognitive processes that cause a greater likelihood of interaction between
people who have similar social attributes.
Dance as an expression of active imagination: Artistic, psychological and psychotherapeutic aspects
Authors: Vukadinovic Maja
Published: December 2016

This paper is focused on understanding the phenomenon of dance in an
artistic, psychological and psychotherapeutic context. It deals with the
differences in the dance: 1) when it exists in artistic context oriented to
the product - artwork; and 2) when it exists in the context of psychotherapy
directed towards the psychological process of a person. Framework of Carl
Gustav Jung?s analytical psychology served as a reference point in
understanding the difference. The paper discussed the archetypal nature of
the dance, its psychotherapeutic potential, as well as various artistic,
psychological and psychotherapeutic aspects of dance when it is manifested as
an expression of active imagination.
Severe acute respiratory infection caused by swine influenza virus in a child necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), the Netherlands, October 2016
Authors: Fraaij Pieter L A , Wildschut Enno D , Houmes Robert J , Swaan Corien M , Hoebe Christian J , de Jonge H C C , Tolsma Paulien , de Kleer Isme , Pas Suzan D , Oude Munnink Bas B , Phan My V T , Bestebroer Theo M , Roosenhoff R Shanty , van Kampen Jeroen J A , Cotten Matthew , Beerens Nancy , Fouchier Ron A M , van den Kerkhof Johannes H , Timen Aura , Koopmans Marion P
Published: December 2016

In October 2016, a severe infection with swine influenza A(H1N1) virus of the Eurasian avian lineage occurred in a child with a previous history of eczema in the Netherlands, following contact to pigs. The patient’s condition deteriorated rapidly and required life support through extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. After start of oseltamivir treatment and removal of mucus plugs, the patient fully recovered. Monitoring of more than 80 close unprotected contacts revealed no secondary cases.
Estimating HIV incidence and number of undiagnosed individuals living with HIV in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2015
Authors: Pharris Anastasia , Quinten Chantal , Noori Teymur , Amato-Gauci Andrew J , van Sighem Ard ,   the ECDC HIV/AIDS Surveillance and Dublin Declaration Monitoring Networks
Published: December 2016

Since 2011, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence appears unchanged in the European Union/European Economic Area with between 29,000 and 33,000 new cases reported annually up to 2015. Despite evidence that HIV diagnosis is occurring earlier post-infection, the estimated number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who were unaware of being infected in 2015 was 122,000, or 15% of all PLHIV (n=810,000). This is concerning as such individuals cannot benefit from highly effective treatment and may unknowingly sustain transmission.
The Impact of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Parameters on an Urban Deprivation Index
Authors: McHenry Meghan , Rinner Claus
Published: December 2016

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a family of decision support methods that allow analysts to structure a decision problem through the selection and evaluation of multiple and often conflicting criteria, using established techniques to standardize, weight, and combine these criteria. Through a case study of an area-based deprivation index for the city of Toronto's 140 neighbourhoods, we examine the variability of MCDA results under different decision models. We use interactive cartographic visualization to explore the impact of criterion weighting and three decision rules: weighted linear combination, locally weighted linear combination, and ordered weighted averaging. The modelling of socio-economic deprivation using these different decision rules and their parameters yielded different spatial patterns of deprivation for the same set of variables and weights. The results highlight the importance of examining multiple decision models before making policy recommendations.
L'enfant-objet de préoccupations hygiéniques : évolution d'une figure de l'enfant dans les textes officiels de l'école maternelle française (19e–20e siècles)
Authors: Leroy Ghislain
Published: December 2016

De 1829 à 1921, le rapport hygiénique à l'enfant jouit d'une grande légitimité dans les textes prescriptifs des écoles maternelles et des salles d'asile. De 1969 à 1986, l'approche psychologique de l'enfant progresse dans ces textes. Puis, à partir de 1986, un autre changement s'y opère : l'approche scolaire de l'enfant remplace peu à peu l'approche psychologique de ce dernier. Corrélativement, de 1969 à 1986, puis de 1986 à nos jours, le rapport hygiénique à l'enfant se voit redéfini dans ces textes. Ces évolutions curriculaires pourraient éclairer certaines pratiques contemporaines.
The terminal illness of Franz Schubert and the treatment of syphilis in Vienna in the eighteen hundred and twenties
Authors: Hetenyi G
Published: December 2016

The life and death of the Great and Famous have always fascinated their admirers. The reason for this is not clear. In general, medical history has contributed little to the understanding of artistic, scientific or any other achievement. Moreover it is difficult to arrive at a diagnosis of the disease of the long deceased. Not only have we to go by the data available, unable to order a lab-test or even ask a well considered question, but we have to depend on the reliability and memory of the witnesses, lay or professional, objective or biased or occasionally even deliberately misleading. The fascination nevertheless continues.
La médecine en Espagne arabe X et XIèmes siècles
Authors: Sournia J.C
Published: December 2016

Lorsque les occidentaux évoquent l'histoire de l’Espagne arabe qui dura pendant tout le Moyen Age, ils la voient comme un territoire lentement grignoté par cette croisade réussie que fut la Reconquête chrétienne. En réalité pendant plus de sept siècles ce pays a existé, des hommes y ont vécu, les arts et les sciences y ont fleuri qui ont contribué à enrichir le patrimoine humain; c'est son époque la plus brillante médicalement que je voudrais rappeler, aux Xème et XIème siècles.
Medical technology in Victorian Canada
Authors: Connor J.T.H
Published: December 2016

Beginning in the nineteenth century, technology made great inroads into the practice of medicine. During the 1800's, the medical practitioner could avail himself of many new instruments to aid him in his task: the stethoscope, the ophthalmoscope, the laryngoscope, the clinical thermometer, an improved microscope, and devices designed to administer inhalation anaesthesia. The culmination of the nineteenth-century medical technology boom was the development and employment of X-rays during the 1890's.
Regional Reports: Theatre Criticism across Canada
Authors: Ferguson Alex Lazaridis , Hunt Stephen , Morrow Martin , Waisvisz Sarah , Lavoie Sylvain , Campbell Amanda
Published: December 2016

How do theatre practitioners regard reviewers in Ottawa? Can a freelance critic get (paid) work in Halifax? Who is blogging in Edmonton? Is theatre criticism flourishing anywhere in Canada? This article gathers reports commissioned from scholars, critics, and artists from across the country who take the pulse of the critical landscape where they are. They identify the main outlets of criticism and outstanding figures in their regions and discuss the relationship between mainstream journalism and the blogosphere.
The Pedagogy of Theatre Criticism in Canada
Authors: Maga Carly
Published: December 2016

With declining print readership and job stability, the job of the theatre critic as we have known it is in danger, and this job scarcity is causing theatre criticism to disappear from Canadian theatre school curricula. Here several instructors and professors comment on how they’re keeping theatre criticism a foundational skill for theatre students, from combining criticism with dramaturgical practices to finding alternative platforms to add new voices to the existing critical landscape.
The Perversity of Drunk Feminist Films
Authors: Cochrane Kristen
Published: December 2016

Among the contemporary proliferation of participaction cinema events in Toronto, the Drunk Feminist Films screening series has provided a symbiotic space where hosts and spectators interact with each other and with the filmic text. Films with complicated identity politics have been screened by the collective while improvised commentary is enacted by permanent Drunk Feminist Films hosts and guest hosts. The hosts invite spectators to drink, to gesture, and to speak back at recurring tropes that are specified in a paper program distributed during the screenings. This method of live performative criticism recalls media theorist Janet Staiger’s notion of perverse spectatorship, where audience reception is not possible to place within categories of perception and interpretation. These film events are also useful to think about within the framework of Slavoj Žižek’s Pervert’s Guide films, where cinematic images convey pervasive discursive formations that are not evident when initially viewed or in the film’s mainstream marketing.
Artists on Critics
Authors: Lepage Robert , Vaïs Michel , Healy Brendan , Chan Marjorie , Hines Karen , Panych Morris , Beddows Joël , Haentjens Brigitte , Skwarna Naomi , St. Bernard Donna-Michelle
Published: December 2016

Nine theatre artists from across Canada reflect on their critical utopias: what criticism should look like in its ideal form, and the role it should play in theatre production and reception. The tables are turned as artists become the assessors, sharing what they really think about the critics who review their work.
On Reckoning
Authors: Solga Kim
Published: December 2016

How can settler-colonial subjects bear witness to survivors of Canada’s residential school system? Kim Solga attends ARTICLE 11’s Reckoning at the Theatre Centre and asks questions about the strategies it uses to bring audiences into the conversation about truth and reconciliation.
Editorial
Authors: Welch Penny , Wright Susan
Published: December 2016

In this issue of Learning and Teaching: The International Journal of Higher Education in the Social Sciences, contributors from Canada, Denmark, Japan and the U.S.A. explore a variety of ways in which students’ learning on social science courses can be enhanced.
Book Reviews
Authors: Peterlini Hans Karl , Brydon-Miller Mary
Published: December 2016

Thomas Leitch (2014) Wikipedia U: Knowledge, Authority, and Liberal Education in the Digital Age
Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 164 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4214-1535-2

Catherine Etmanski, Budd L. Hall and Teresa Dawson (eds) (2014)
Learning and Teaching Community-based Research: Linking Pedagogy to Practice
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 352 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4426-1257-0
Diagnostic accuracy of motor evoked potentials to detect neurological deficit during idiopathic scoliosis correction: a systematic review
Authors: Thirumala Parthasarathy D. , Crammond Donald J. , Loke Yoon K. , Cheng Hannah L. , Huang Jessie , Balzer Jeffrey R.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) monitoring in predicting an impending neurological deficit during corrective spinal surgery for patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS).

METHODS

The authors searched the PubMed and Web of Science database for relevant lists of retrieved reports and/or experiments published from January 1950 through October 2014 for studies on TcMEP monitoring use during IS surgery. The primary analysis of this review fit the operating characteristic into a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve model to determine the efficacy of intraoperative TcMEP-predicted change.

RESULTS

Twelve studies, with a total of 2102 patients with IS were included. Analysis found an observed incidence of neurological deficits of 1.38% (29/2102) in the sample population. Of the patients who sustained a neurological deficit, 82.8% (24/29) also had irreversible TcMEP change, whereas 17.2% (5/29) did not. The pooled analysis using the bivariate model showed TcMEP change with sensitivity (mean 91% [95% CI 34%–100%]) and specificity (mean 96% [95% CI 92–98%]). The diagnostic odds ratio indicated that it is 250 times more likely to observe significant TcMEP changes in patients who experience a new-onset motor deficit immediately after IS correction surgery (95% CI 11–5767). TcMEP monitoring showed high discriminant ability with an area under the curve of 0.98.

CONCLUSIONS

A patient with a new neurological deficit resulting from IS surgery was 250 times more likely to have changes in TcMEPs than a patient without new deficit. The authors' findings from 2102 operations in patients with IS show that TcMEP monitoring is a highly sensitive and specific test for detecting new spinal cord injuries in patients undergoing corrective spinal surgery for IS. They could not assess the value of TcMEP monitoring as a therapeutic adjunct owing to the limited data available and their study design.
Possible toxicity following embolization of congenital giant vertex hemangioma: case report
Authors: Kieran Ingrid , Zakaria Zaitun , Kaliaperumal Chandrasekaran , O'Rourke Declan , O'Hare Alan , Laffan Eoghan , Caird John , King Mary D. , Murray Dylan J.
Published: December 2016

The authors describe the case of a 3-year-old boy with a giant congenital vertex hemangioma who underwent presurgical embolization with Onyx (ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) and Glubran (N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate). This vascular tumor had no intracranial vascular communication as assessed by pre-embolization MRI and catheter angiography. All embolizations were performed by direct percutaneous injection. One week following the last embolization procedure the child presented with a 24-hour history of ataxia and extrapyramidal tremor. He was diagnosed with a possible immune-mediated reaction to Onyx or Glubran, which was treated with an urgent surgical excision of the hemangioma followed by intravenous administration of immunoglobulin and steroids. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of possible immune-mediated toxicity secondary to either Onyx or Glubran administration. This case highlights the need for awareness of potential toxic reactions to these embolic agents in the treatment of hemangiomas in the pediatric patient.
Microsurgical and endoscopic approaches to the pulvinar
Authors: Akiyama Osamu , Matsushima Ken , Gungor Abuzer , Matsuo Satoshi , Goodrich Dylan J. , Shane Tubbs R. , Klimo Paul , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Arai Hajime , Rhoton Albert L.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE

Approaches to the pulvinar remain challenging because of the depth of the target, surrounding critical neural structures, and complicated arterial and venous relationships. The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical approaches to different parts of the pulvinar and to examine the efficacy of the endoscope as an adjunct to the operating microscope in this area.

METHODS

The pulvinar was examined in 6 formalin-fixed human cadaveric heads through 5 approaches: 4 above and 1 below the tentorium. Each approach was performed using both the surgical microscope and 0° or 45° rigid endoscopes.

RESULTS

The pulvinar has a lateral ventricular and a medial cisternal surface that are separated by the fornix and the choroidal fissure, which wrap around the posterior surface of the pulvinar. The medial cisternal part of the pulvinar can be further divided into upper and lower parts. The superior parietal lobule approach is suitable for lesions in the upper ventricular and cisternal parts. Interhemispheric precuneus and posterior transcallosal approaches are suitable for lesions in the part of the pulvinar forming the anterior wall of the atrium and adjacent cisternal part. The posterior interhemispheric transtentorial approach is suitable for lesions in the lower cisternal part and the supracerebellar infratentorial approach is suitable for lesions in the inferior and medial cisternal parts.

The microscope provided satisfactory views of the ventricular and cisternal surfaces of the pulvinar and adjacent neural and vascular structures. The endoscope provided multi-angled and wider views of the pulvinar and adjacent structures.

CONCLUSIONS

A combination of endoscopic and microsurgical techniques allows optimal exposure of the pulvinar.
Multiple-hook fixation in revision spinal deformity surgery for patients with a previous multilevel fusion mass: technical note and preliminary outcomes
Authors: Liu Ning , Wood Kirkham B.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE

A previous multilevel fusion mass encountered during revision spinal deformity surgery may obscure anatomical landmarks, making instrumentation unworkable or incurring substantial blood loss and operative time. This study introduced a surgical technique of multiple-hook fixation for fixating previous multilevel fusion masses in revision spinal deformity surgeries and then evaluated its outcomes.

METHODS

Patients with a previous multilevel fusion mass who underwent revision corrective surgery down to the lumbosacral junction were retrospectively studied. Multiple hooks were used to fixate the fusion mass and linked to distal pedicle screws in the lumbosacral-pelvic complex. Radiological and clinical outcomes were evaluated.

RESULTS

The charts of 8 consecutive patients with spinal deformity were retrospectively reviewed (7 women, 1 man; mean age 56 years). The primary diagnoses included flat-back deformity (6 cases), thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis (1 case), and lumbar spondylosis secondary to a previous scoliosis fusion (1 case). The mean follow-up duration was 30.1 months. Operations were performed at T3/4–ilium (4 cases), T7–ilium (1 case), T6–S1 (1 case), T12–S1 (1 case), and T9–L5 (1 case). Of 8 patients, 7 had sagittal imbalance preoperatively, and their mean C-7 plumb line improved from 10.8 ± 2.9 cm preoperatively to 5.3 ± 3.6 cm at final follow-up (p = 0.003). The mean lumbar lordosis of these patients at final follow-up was significantly greater than that preoperatively (35.2° ± 12.6° vs 16.8° ± 11.8°, respectively; p = 0.005). Two perioperative complications included osteotomy-related leg weakness in 1 patient and a stitch abscess in another.

CONCLUSIONS

The multiple-hook technique provides a viable alternative option for fixating a previous multilevel fusion mass in revision spinal deformity surgery.
Dramatic radiographic response resulting in cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea associated with sunitinib therapy in recurrent atypical meningioma: case report
Authors: Raheja Amol , Colman Howard , Palmer Cheryl A. , Couldwell William T.
Published: December 2016

Sunitinib is a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic, cytostatic, and antimigratory activity for meningiomas. A recent clinical trial of sunitinib for treatment of recurrent Grade II and III meningiomas suggested potential efficacy in this population, but only 2 patients exhibited significant radiographic response with tumor volume reduction. The authors illustrate another such case and discuss a complication related to this dramatic tumor volume reduction in aggressive skull base meningiomas.

The authors describe the case of a 39-year-old woman who had undergone repeat surgical interventions and courses of radiotherapy over the previous 11 years for recurrent cranial and spinal meningiomas. Despite 4 operations over the course of 4 years on her right petroclival meningioma with cavernous sinus and jugular fossa extensions, she had progressive neurological deficits and tumor recurrences. The specimen histology progressed from WHO Grade I initially to Grade II at the time of the third recurrence. The lesion was then irradiated 3 times using stereotactic radiosurgery for further recurrences. More recently, the tumor size increased rapidly on imaging, in association with progressive neurological symptoms arising from brainstem compression and vasogenic edema. Institution of sunitinib therapy yielded a dramatic radiographic response, with marked reduction in the tumor volume and reduction of brainstem vasogenic edema within a few weeks of initiation of treatment. The significant radiographic response of tumor in the clival region was also associated with CSF rhinorrhea from a dural breach created by resolution of the invasive skull base meningioma, which necessitated withholding the sunitinib medication. To address the leak, the authors undertook surgical exploration and transsphenoidal packing using an autologous fat graft and a vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap. The patient has done well during follow-up of 3 months after packing, with no evidence of recurrent CSF leak, and the medication was subsequently restarted.

Prior clinical data and the dramatic radiographic response in this patient suggest that sunitinib holds promising therapeutic potential in carefully selected patients with recurrent atypical meningiomas where conventional strategies have been exhausted. There is a potential risk of associated CSF rhinorrhea, especially in more invasive skull base lesions showing dramatic radiographic response.
Preoperative transdural collateral vessels in moyamoya as radiographic biomarkers of disease
Authors: Storey Armide , Michael Scott R. , Robertson Richard , Smith Edward
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE

The prevalence of angiographically evident preoperative transdural collateral vessels in moyamoya is not well documented. The authors hypothesized that transdural collaterals could be used as radiographic biomarkers of disease, and that their presence is associated with more advanced moyamoya arteriopathy at diagnosis, which is a harbinger of more frequent operative complications and a predictor of better long-term angiographic results following surgery.

METHODS

The study consists of a single-institution case series of patients with moyamoya who underwent pial synangiosis between 2005 and 2013.

RESULTS

Moyamoya was diagnosed in a total of 204 patients (n = 121 [59%] female, 83 [41%] male); the average age at surgery was 9.5 years (range 0.4–35 years). Radiographically, 154 (75%) had bilateral disease for a total of 308 affected hemispheres; 152 (75%) had radiographic stroke; and 190 (93%) had “ivy sign” on FLAIR MRI, indicating slow flow. Of the 358 hemispheres, 324 were treated operatively. On preoperative angiography, 107 patients (52%) had transdural collaterals in 176 affected hemispheres (49%). The Suzuki stage was higher in patients with collaterals (3.4 vs 3.0, p = 0.002). Of 324 treated hemispheres, 84 (26%) had collaterals within the surgical field. Complications included 12 strokes (3.7% stroke rate/hemisphere), with 5 (42%) directly attributable to interruption of transdural collaterals. On 1-year postoperative arteriograms available in 222 hemispheres, Matsushima grades trended better in patients with preoperative collaterals (1.5 vs 1.8 [A = 1, B = 2, C = 3]; p < 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS

Transdural collaterals are present in nearly half of all preoperative arteriograms in patients with moyamoya. These collaterals are more common in advanced disease, are associated with stroke as a perioperative complication, and may suggest increased capacity to produce surgical collaterals postoperatively. These data support the utility of preoperative arteriography.
Interdural cavernous sinus dermoid cyst in a child: case report
Authors: Giordano Flavio , Peri Giacomo , Bacci Giacomo M. , Basile Massimo , Guerra Azzurra , Bergonzini Patrizia , Buccoliero Anna Maria , Spacca Barbara , Iughetti Lorenzo , Donati PierArturo , Genitori Lorenzo
Published: December 2016

Interdural dermoid cysts (DCs) of the cavernous sinus (CS), located between the outer (dural) and inner layer (membranous) of the CS lateral wall, are rare lesions in children. The authors report on a 5-year-old boy with third cranial nerve palsy and exophthalmos who underwent gross-total removal of an interdural DC of the right CS via a frontotemporal approach. The patient had a good outcome and no recurrence at the 12-month follow-up. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the second pediatric case of interdural DC described in the literature.
Screening for Escherichia coli O157 isolates of bovine origin
Authors: Hossain Md Ali , Sultana Nigarin , Akter Selina
Published: December 2016

Escherichia coli O157 was serologically identified from isolated E. coli of bovine origin in Jessore, Bangladesh. Pre-enrichment and enrichment media were used in isolating the enteric bacteria and swip off transient soil microbes. Differential and selective culrure techniques were used and biochemical tests were performed to identify E. coli strains. Slide agglutination test with antisera against O157 anigens were performed on biochemically identified E. coli strains. A total of 15 samples consisting freshly deficated cowdung, compost and soil near cow shed were assessed and among them 24 isolates were identified as E. coli. Twelve E. coli isolates isolated from eight samples gave agglutination with anti O157 antisera. Presence of E. coli O157 isolates was higher in composts and soils compared to fresh cowdung. This result indicates the strains adaptive and survival potential in environmental condition and raises potential public health concerns in handling such animal waste and its derivatives.Microbes and Health, January 2015. 4(1): 25-28
Leaf Blight of Mango in Nurseries of Major Mango Growing Areas in Bangladesh and its Management
Authors: Yasmin Farzana , Hossain Ismail
Published: December 2016

Leaf blight of mango in nurseries of major mango growing areas in Bangladesh viz. Rajshahi, Chapai Nawabganj and Dinajpur were investigated. A total of 56 varieties of mango (43, 17 and 17 in Rajshahi, Chapai Nawabganj and Dinajpur respectively) were surveyed, where the mean of % plant infection, % incidence and % severity in Rajshahi were from 3.33 to 33.06, 4.10 to 23.18 and 6.60 to 17.85, respectively. In Chapai Nawabgonj, the % plant infection was 11.11 to 23.33, the % incidence was 10.67 to 23.67 and % severity was 13.89 to 15.29. In Dinajpur, 6.19 to 12.14% plant infection, 6.00 to 15.85% incidence and 5.00 to 13.50% severity were recorded. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that most of the isolates of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae collected from mango were sensitive to Gentamycin and Erythromycin. Under the net house condition, six different treatments (i) 0.05 % Gentamycin (ii) 0.05 % Erythromycin, (iii) 0.05 % Doxycycline (iv) 0.05 % copper sulphate (v) 2 % BAU-biofungicide and (vi) Control) were used for controlling bacterial leaf blight of mango (Variety: Amropali). BAU-biofungicide was found superior in controlling bacterial leaf blight of mango that increased 8.76% plant height and 47.45% branch but reduced 54.14% disease incidence and 53.13% disease severity over control when applied as foliar spray at 2% followed by 0.05 % copper sulphate and 0.05 % erythromycin.Microbes and Health, January 2015. 4(1): 29-35
ELISA Based Anthrax Antibody Titer in Cattle Induced by Locally Prepared Anthrax Vaccine Originated from Sterne F-24 Strain in Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Jayedul , Rahman Md Bahanur , Chowdhury Shah Md Ziqrul Haq , Rabidas Shushanto Kumar , Parvej Md Shafiullah , Nazir KHM Nazmul Hussain
Published: December 2016

Vaccination is usually practiced to prevent and control anthrax in Bangladesh. For this purpose, vaccine prepared from Sterne F-24 strain ofBacillus anthracisby Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhakahas long been used in this country. However, in some cases anthrax occurred in vaccinated animals in Bangladesh. A total of 100 cattle at LalTeer Livestock Research and Development Farm, LalTeerLivestock Limited, Bangladesh, aging between 3-6 years and weighing between 250-400 kg were randomly selected for vaccination purpose. Blood samples (n=100) were collected before the vaccination for collecting pre-vaccination serum, andthe animals were vaccinated (at 1 mL/animal; 1x107 spores/mL) with the anthrax vaccine produced by LRI. All blood samples from the vaccinated animals were collected on day 7, 28, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 270, 300, 330, and 360 of post-vaccination, and serum samples were prepared. The antibody levels in the serum samples against anthrax were monitored using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Over the course of 12 months, the antibody titers were found at the level higher than the reference value. Though there were reports on anthrax suspected cases in this farm, no such cases were reported during the study period. Thus, the vaccine appears to induce adequate antibody response against anthrax in Bangladesh.Microbes and Health, January 2015. 4(1): 36-38