bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Na wschodzie bez zmian. Analiza figur władcy, kata i ofiary na przykładzie zdjęć z czasów represji po rewolucji 1905–1907
Authors: Ferenc Tomasz
Published: April 2024

Tekst zawiera analizę trzech fotografii wykonanych w carskim więźniu w 1908 roku po stłumieniu łódzkiego buntu robotników (Rewolucja 1905 roku). Ukazują one zarówno więźniów, jak i personel nadzorujący skazańców, w tym między innymi naczelnika więzienia oraz kata i jego pomocników. Na jednym ze zdjęć, które wykonano w konwencji tradycyjnego ujęcia o charakterze pamiątkowym, oprawcy i skazańcy pozują wspólnie. Ta wymuszona sytuacja rodzi wiele pytań i ma wiele znaczeń, które opisane zostały w tekście. Fotografie te stanowią jednak przede wszystkim pretekst do ukazania łańcucha terroru, który zaczyna się od głowy państwa rosyjskiego (car Mikołaj II) i poprzez gubernatora (generał Nikołaj Kaznakow) dociera do naczelnika więzienia (Karol Modzelewski) i podległych mu katów (w tym między innymi Ryszard Fremel), którzy wykonywali egzekucje na skazanych robotnikach. Zamieszczone w tekście fotografie mogą zostać odczytywane w kontekście historii rewolucyjnej Łodzi, świadectw carskiego terroru, walki robotników o poprawę losu, ale i o wyzwolenie spod jarzma zaborcy. Dla autora tekstu fotografie te jednak należy odczytywać w perspektywie szeroko rozumianej historii rosyjskiego imperium, metod działania państwowego aparatu terroru, pozornej normalizacji, odwoływania się do zasad i porządku, za którymi jednak ukryta jest imperialna doktryna podboju i przemocy.
A Case Study on the Quality Management of Career Guidance at Universities in the UK
Authors:   Korean Comparative Education Society, Jeong Ji-Eun , Kwak Misun , Hong Eunseon
Published: April 2024

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to derive implications for Korea by analyzing in depth the background, development process, and contents of quality management of university career guidance in the UK.
[Methods] We analyzed literature such as UK career guidance policies and government-published data related to quality management of university career guidance, and selected an analysis framework based on the career guidance quality management frame of Hooley & Rice (2019).
[Results] University career guidance quality management in the UK has established a system and implementation capacity for career guidance quality management in six areas: policy, organization, process, human resources, performance, and consumption, and is continuing its efforts.
[Conclusion] In order for college career guidance in Korea to provide universal career opportunities for all students, it is necessary to discuss the perspective of approaching career guidance quality management, and a plan should be prepared to advance it in the long run.
Sex differences in glutathione metabolism and acetaminophen toxicity
Authors: Cruikshank Allison , Reed Michael C. , Nijhout H. Frederik
Published: April 2024

Aims: Clinical and experimental evidence has shown that females in humans and other mammals have higher glutathione (GSH) levels than males, which are caused by higher levels of estradiol. Understanding how hepatic GSH level and synthesis velocity depend on the sex hormones is an extremely important question since oxidative stress contributes to the risk for heart disease and cancer, and oxidative stress is reduced by GSH. Our aim is to develop a systems approach to understanding GSH metabolism and use this to explain the causes of GSH differences in males and females, how GSH changes during the menstrual cycle, and why women may be less susceptible to acetaminophen toxicity.

Methods: We use mathematical models for hepatic glutathione metabolism, including one-carbon metabolism and acetaminophen detoxification, to investigate how the activation of certain enzymes by estradiol leads to dramatic changes in reaction velocities and metabolite concentrations.

Results: The models explain why women of childbearing age have higher glutathione than men, and that this is caused by the balance of activation of glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCL) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) by estradiol. The steady-state concentration of glutathione in women depends on the strength of the activation of GCL and GPX and is quite homeostatic over a wide range of activations.

Conclusions: During the menstrual cycle, the GSH concentration changes daily but over a relatively narrow range. We explain how this dynamic homeostasis depends on the biochemical network that produces GSH. The model is also consistent with published results that show that female mice are less susceptible than males to hepatotoxicity due to acetaminophen overdose and suggests that this might also be true for humans, though the human epidemiological data are contradictory.
The Development and Application of Biodegradable Plastics in Food Packaging
Authors: Zhao Zongyuan
Published: April 2024

Food packaging plays a crucial role in maintaining food quality and facilitating the circulation of goods. However, the environmental pollution caused by traditional packaging materials, including plastics, paper, and metals, has garnered global attention. In response to this challenge, governments worldwide have begun to implement a series of environmental policies to encourage the development and adoption of eco-friendly alternatives, particularly biodegradable plastics. These materials can be decomposed by microorganisms in nature, significantly reducing the environmental burden. This paper delves into the current applications, development dynamics, and specific case studies and performance advantages of biodegradable plastics in the food packaging industry. Additionally, it looks toward the future, providing a forward-looking analysis of technological advancements and market trends, aiming to offer a strong reference and impetus for the widespread application and sustainable development trend of biodegradable plastics in food packaging.
Öğretmen Adaylarının “Eğitim Tarihi” Kavramına Yönelik Metaforik Algıları
Authors: Yurtseven Ramazan , Yıldırım Ramazan
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmada, öğretmen adaylarının “eğitim tarihi” kavramına yönelik algılarının metafor tekniği ile tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgu bilim deseninin kullanıldığı araştırmada, çalışma grubunu 2023 yılında Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilgiler ve Sınıf Öğretmenliği programlarında öğrenim gören 82 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, “Eğitim tarihi… gibidir. Çünkü …” ifadesindeki boşlukları içeren bir form aracılığıyla toplanmış, içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Elden edilen verilerden öncelikle kodlar belirlenmiş ve belirlenen kodlar doğrultusunda temalar ve kategoriler (olumlu ve olumsuz) oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; “eğitim tarihi” kavramına ilişkin 78 öğretmen adayı tarafından 57 farklı olumlu, 4 aday tarafından da 4 farklı olumsuz metafor üretildiği belirlenmiştir. Buna göre; çoğunlukla (%95.1) olumlu görüşlere dayalı metaforların üretildiği görülmüştür. Bunlardan “ağaç-çınar ağacı (5)” metaforunun en çok üretilen metafor olduğu, bunu “merdiven (basamak) (4), karanlıkta bir ışık (3), su (3), bir evin temeli (2), köprü (2), yağmur (damlası) (2), ebeveyn (2), ağaç kökü (2), pusula (2), insan hayatı (2) ve antika-(Mercedes) araba (2)” metaforlarının takip ettiği belirlenmiştir. Olumlu metaforların “geleceğe yönelik geçmişten sağlanan bir güç (18), kapsayıcı bir unsur (14), geçmişten geleceğe bir bağ kurma aracı (12), değer unsur (9), yol göstericilik unsuru (7), çeşitlilik unsuru (4), güçlü bir eğitim için gereklilik (7) ve duygusal bir unsur (3)” olmak üzere sekiz temada toplandığı belirlenmiştir. Olumsuz metaforların ise “karmaşık bir problem-zorluk ve hastalık unsuru” olmak üzere iki temada toplandığı tespit edilmiştir.
Astringency perception in a red wine context – a review
Authors: Kuhlman Brock A. , Aleixandre-Tudo José L. , Moore John P. , Du Toit Wessel
Published: April 2024

Astringency is not considered one of the modern gustatory tastes. The understanding of astringency perception has evolved considerably over the past eighty years, but the exact mechanism is still undefined. This review aims to identify the current theory of astringency perception in the context of red wine. While astringency perception is a complicated mechanism that is not yet well understood, much research has focused on it. The studies discussed up to now have been done using red wine or wine-derived polyphenols. In a red wine context, astringency is driven by polyphenol concentration, galloylation and degree of polymerisation. Compounds that do not bind protein but are still strong astringent agonists are present in red wine. Among them, the role of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides is not clear, as these compounds are difficult to purify in quantities large enough for use in sensory studies. The literature strongly points to astringency being a compound perception. There is a stage of early protein binding, possibly as a “neutralising” effect for small amounts of dietary tannins with little actual perception, building into a more pronounced effect as tannin concentrations increase. A loss of lubrication in the oral cavity might announce the overpowering salivary protein capacity resulting from tannin concentrations, with direct detection of some astringent compounds once protein in the salivary fluid and the salivary pellicle are depleted.
Effects of emigration on home range and behavior of Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis)
Authors: Hill Brittini A. , Herzing Denise L. , Bono Jeremy M.
Published: April 2024

Animals maintain home ranges—areas utilized for gathering food, mating, and caring for offspring—but will relocate when they cannot subsist on resources within their range. Due to climate change, animals are shifting their home ranges more rapidly than in the past. Understanding these changes is an important ecological characteristic of a species and is a priority in informing conservation efforts. In 2013, over half of the resident Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) community on Little Bahama Bank (LBB) relocated to Great Bahama Bank (GBB), already home to two resident communities of dolphins. We examined the home ranges for LBB residents on LBB (2005–2012), LBB immigrants on GBB (2013–2020), and GBB residents on GBB (2013–2020). Fixed kernel density estimators revealed LBB immigrant dolphins maintained significantly larger home ranges (34–43%) and core areas (42–94%) than both LBB and GBB residents. LBB immigrants were more often found in mixed groups with GBB residents, with the cost of decreased foraging and increased aggression and the benefit of increased courtship. This decreased access to prey may be driving the requirement for larger immigrant home ranges. This is a major finding on how displacement can affect behavior and ranging patterns in a cetacean population.
PEMODELAN KUALITAS AIR TANAH OLEH AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK MENGGUNAKAN ARCGIS DI DESA KERTALANGU
Authors: Gde Mahayana Rakyan Agung
Published: April 2024

The community living in Kesiman Kertalangu Village, East Denpasar, Denpasar City, Bali, has a few open shallow wells at home. Well water is used for daily activities such as washing, washing vehicles, and watering plants. The main source of water is groundwater, which is found in rocks below the earth's surface. The availability and movement of groundwater depends on the geological conditions of the area. Groundwater that is used as a source of community life must meet good water quality, so the purpose of this study was to determine the condition of groundwater during the study. The samples used for groundwater testing were 30 wells spread across this village. The methods used were interviews with the local community, field testing of well water samples (smell and temperature tests), laboratory tests (pH, TSS, TDS, DHL and microbiology) and modeling analysis of all research data results using the ARCGIS application. The research results obtained were field tests such as odor tests and temperature tests that passed the clean water requirements because they met the standards set by the Ministry of Health. laboratory tests such as the TDS, TSS and DHL tests have met the requirements as clean water because the number of solid particles dissolved in water and gas is below the specified limits, and the amount of suspended solids in water is also below the limits. Microbiological test results showed that several points were quite polluted by E.Coli and Total Coliform bacteria caused by the distance between the well points and the septic tank in people's homes.
STRATEGI MITIGASI BANJIR BERDASARKAN KAPASITAS SALURAN DRAINASE DI KELURAHAN JAGALAN
Authors: Palawa’ae Elang Rahma , Hadiani Rintis , Muttaqien Adi Yusuf
Published: April 2024

Flood mitigation is an important step in maintaining the sustainability and safety of urban environments. One key factor that affects the capacity of drainage channels is the flow rate of water through the channels. Therefore, this research aims to assess flood mitigation strategies based on the flow rate in drainage channels using the HSS SCS method. The study was conducted in Jagalan Sub-District, which frequently experiences flooding due to inadequate drainage channel capacity. The HSS SCS method was used to estimate the maximum flow rate that can be accommodated by the drainage channels. Hydrological and topographic data of the study area were collected and analyzed to identify relevant hydrological characteristics and physical parameters.

The analysis results showed the planned flood discharge values in Jagalan Sub-District through the Kali Boro Watershed, which were 3.1154 mm3/dt for a 2-year return period, 3.8297 mm3/dt for a 5-year return period, 4.3025 mm3/dt for a 10-year return period, and 4.7501 mm3/dt for a 20-year return period. The existing discharge values were 14.5243 mm3/dt for Surya Road, 19.1823 mm3/dt for Rejosari Road, 8.7376 mm3/dt for Kali Kepunton Road, 66.0338 mm3/dt for Kali Simpang Road, 21.7882 mm3/dt for Bororejo Road, and 42.2077 mm3/dt for Ir. Juanda Road. From these values, it can be concluded that the drainage channels in Jagalan Sub-District have sufficient capacity to accommodate the maximum flow rate during high-intensity rainfall.  
ANALISIS NILAI CBR SEBAGAI PARAMETER KRITIS UNTUK PERENCANAAN JALAN RAYA
Authors: Putri Wilis Sofya Marinda , Cahyono Andri Dwi , Farihi Moh. Ilham , Aziz Hanafi Moh. Abdul , Cintya Hanifatus , Ibrahim Malik , Asih Mia Setiyo
Published: April 2024

Infrastructure development is one indicator of a country's progress that cannot be ignored. Road infrastructure is an important part of the transportation system that connects different locations, facilitates human mobility, and transports goods. In the construction and maintenance of road infrastructure, soil plays a crucial role, so the condition and strength of the soil must be considered. Soil plays a significant role in construction as it serves as the foundation or base for building structures. Soil that has sufficient strength to support road loads will facilitate road construction. This study was conducted to determine the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value, so that appropriate actions can be taken to construct roads based on local soil conditions. The CBR method is commonly used in soil geotechnical testing for road planning. This method involves laboratory testing of soil samples to determine the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The results show a CBR value of 22.5%, which falls under the category of very good. This indicates that there is no need for improvement efforts in the construction of the Jl. Panglima Besar Sudirman, Dsn. Bolawen Ds. Tiron Kec. Banyakan Kab. Kediri highway, allowing resources to be allocated to other areas in need of road infrastructure improvements to enhance accessibility and overall regional development.
PEMETAAN KERAWANAN BANJIR DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Ramadhan Faisal Adyaksa , Hadiani Rintis , Muttaqien Adi Yusuf
Published: April 2024

Floods have become one of the problems occurring in the city of Surakarta. The floods are caused by the overflow of the tributaries of the Bengawan Solo River, located within the Surakarta City area. One of the strategies for flood disaster management is through flood zone mapping. In flood vulnerability mapping, hydrological analysis is conducted to determine the magnitude of the flood discharge for different return periods (Q2, Q5, Q10, Q25, and Q50) using the HSS SCS method, which will serve as input for the HEC-RAS program to simulate floods, used as determining variables in flood vulnerability mapping. The results of the flood simulation analysis indicate that the level of vulnerability in non-vulnerable areas has a flood area limit ranging from 1.05 ha to 8.93 ha, a maximum flood depth limit ranging from 0.24 m to 0.57 m, and a maximum flood velocity limit ranging from 0.06 m/sec to 0.21 m/sec. For areas with low vulnerability, the flood area limit ranges from 8.93 ha to 16.80 ha, the maximum flood depth limit ranges from 0.57 m to 0.90 m, and the maximum flood velocity limit ranges from 0.21 m/sec to 0.35 m/sec. For areas with moderate vulnerability, the flood area limit ranges from 16.80 ha to 24.68 ha, the maximum flood depth limit ranges from 0.90 m to 1.23 m, and the maximum flood velocity limit ranges from 0.35 m/sec to 0.50 m/sec. For areas with high vulnerability, the flood area limit ranges from 24.68 ha to 32.55 ha, the maximum flood depth limit ranges from 1.23 m to 1.55 m, and the maximum flood velocity limit ranges from 0.50 m/sec to 0.64 m/sec.
Nutritional interventions in frailty in older adults: a narrative review on the current evidence
Authors:   Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa,  Rua Carlos da Maia, n.º 296,  4200-150 Porto, Portugal, Vieira Catarina , S Guerra Rita ,   Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa,  Rua Carlos da Maia, n.º 296,  4200-150 Porto, Portugal,   FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Universidade Fernando  Pessoa, Praça de 9 de Abril, n.º 349,  4249-004 Porto, Portugal,   RISE-UFP, Rede de Investigação em Saúde da Universidade Fernando  Pessoa,  Praça de 9 de Abril, n.º 349,  4249-004, Porto, Portugal,   INEGI – Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial  Engineering, LAETA,  Associate Laboratory for  Energy, Transports and  Aerospace,  Campus da FEUP,  Rua Dr. Roberto Frias,  n.º 400,  4200-465 Porto, Portugal, S Sousa Ana ,   Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa,  Rua Carlos da Maia, n.º 296,  4200-150 Porto, Portugal,   FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça de 9 de Abril, n.º 349,  4249-004 Porto, Portugal,   RISE-UFP, Rede de Investigação em Saúde da Universidade Fernando  Pessoa,  Praça de 9 de Abril, n.º 349,  4249-004, Porto, Portugal,   Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechcare), Instituto Politécnico de  Leiria,  Rua de Santo André –  66- 68, Campus 5,  Politécnico de Leiria,  2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
Published: April 2024

In recent years there has been an increase in elderly population and frailty. Although there is no universal definition of frailty, the most used is the frailty phenotype defined by Fried et al. (2001). Unbalanced eating habits and/or an inadequate nutritional status are modifiable risk factors for frailty. The aim of this literature review is to analyse the role of nutrition in frailty’s treatment in community-dwelling, institutionalized and hospitalized older adults. Regardless the setting, educational strategies, food fortification, supplementation, multidisciplinary and individualized interventions are important and effective strategies for frailty’s treatment. In community-dwelling older adults, multifactorial interventions that combine nutritional education and supplementation seem to be effective in treating frailty. In institutionalized older adults, multifactorial intervention that include protein-energy, vitamin D, calcium and fiber and physical exercise improves nutritional status and also physical capacity. In hospital setting, the most effective strategy is an individualized approach regarding patients’ favourite foods, additional snacks, the use of oral nutritional supplements or use protein-enriched foods and artificial nutrition when necessary. Further studies are needed in order to establish specific recommendations for the intervention in the prevention and treatment of frailty in older adults.
Criteria for choosing prosthetic biomaterials according to their physicochemical properties for anterior and posterior sectors. A comprehensive review
Authors: Guillén-Martínez América Lucero , Alarcón-Sánchez Mario Alberto
Published: April 2024

Objective: To describe the existing knowledge about metal-free prosthetic biomaterials according to their physicochemical properties and based on this, define criteria for their placement in both the anterior and posterior sectors. Materials and methods: A digital search was carried out in the databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar of the literature published in the English language without time restrictions and included original articles such as case reports, retrospective and prospective studies, narrative, comprehensive, systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Meanwhile, short communications, editorials and articles in a language other than English were excluded. Results: 40 articles were evaluated, published between 2000 and 2023. The main characteristics and physicochemical properties of ceramic biomaterials such as zirconia, feldspathic based ceramics, lithium disilicate and alumina, among others, were analyzed and summarized. In addition, certain criteria were defined based on the available scientific evidence on the use of different ceramic systems both in the anterior sector and in the posterior sector for patients who need some type of prosthetic restoration. Conclusions: Among the different metalfree materials used for the construction of fixed dental prostheses, zirconia has been shown to have better aesthetic, biomechanical and biocompatibility properties, which makes it a candidate material for the rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients.
High precision stereotactic irradiation for focal drug-resistant epilepsy versus standard treatment: a randomized waitlist-controlled trial (the PRECISION-trial).
Authors: Zegers Catharina M.L. , Swinnen A , Roumen C , Hoffmann AL , Troost E , Asch CJJ van , Brandts L , Compter I , Dieleman EMT , Dijkstra JB , Granzier M , Hendriks M , hofman p , Houben RMA , Ramaekers B. , Ronner HE , Rouhl RPW , Salm S van der , Santegoeds R , Verhoeff JJ , Wagner L , Zwemmer J , Schijns OEMG , Colon AJ , Eekers DBP
Published: April 2024

Introduction
The standard treatment for patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) who are not eligible for open brain surgery is the continuation of anti-seizure medication (ASM) and neuromodulation. This treatment does not cure epilepsy, but only decreases severity. The PRECISION-trial offers a non-invasive, possibly curative intervention for these patients, which consist of a single stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) treatment. Previous studies have shown promising results of SRT in this patient population. Nevertheless, this intervention is not yet available and reimbursed in The Netherlands. We hypothesize that: SRT is a superior treatment option compared to palliative standard of care, for patients with focal DRE, not eligible for open surgery, resulting in a higher reduction of seizure frequency (with 50% of the patients reaching a 75% seizure frequency reduction at 2 years follow-up).
Methods: In this waitlist-controlled phase 3 clinical trial, participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either receive SRT as the intervention, while the standard treatments consist of ASM continuation and neuromodulation. After 2-year follow-up, patients randomized for the standard treatment (waitlist-control group) are offered SRT. Patients, aged ≥18 years with focal DRE and a pretreatment defined epileptogenic zone (EZ) not eligible for open surgery will be included. The intervention is a LINAC-based single fraction (24Gy) SRT treatment. The target volume is defined as the epileptogenic zone (EZ) on all (non) invasive examinations. The seizure frequency will be monitored on a daily basis using an electronic diary and an automatic seizure detection system during the night. Potential side effects are evaluated using advanced MRI, cognitive evaluation, Common Toxicity Criteria and patient reported outcome questionnaires. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of the SRT treatment will be evaluated.
Discussion This is the first randomized trial comparing SRT with standard of care in patients with DRE, non-eligible for open surgery. The primary objective is to determine whether SRT significantly reduces the seizure frequency 2-years after treatment. The results of this trial can influence the current clinical practice and medical cost reimbursement in The Netherlands for patients with focal DRE who are not eligible for open surgery, providing a non-invasive curative treatment option.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT05182437.
B cell immunofocusing and repriming in two HIV-1 Env immunization regimens.
Authors: DeLuca Jenna M. , Blasi Maria , Jha Shalini , Shen Xiaoying , Pollara Justin , Kerkau Melissa , Purwar Mansi , Carnathan Diane G. , Negri Donatella , Cara Andrea , Wollenberg Kurt , Saunders Kevin O. , Lu Shan , Silvestri Guido , Weiner David B. , Klotman Mary E. , Ferrari Guido , Moody M. Anthony , Bonsignori Mattia
Published: April 2024

Diverse and rapidly mutating viruses pose challenges to immunogen and vaccine design. In this study, we evaluated the ability of memory B-cells obtained from two independent NHP trials to cross-react with individual HIV-1 vaccine components of two different multivalent immunization strategies. We demonstrated that while an HIV-1 Env multiclade, multivalent immunization regimen resulted in a dominant memory B-cell response that converged toward shared epitopes, in a sequential immunization with clonally-related non-stabilized gp140 HIV-1 Envs followed by SOSIP-stabilized gp140 trimers, the change in immunogen format resulted in repriming of the B-cell response.
A Quarantine Paradox: Understanding Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Post-COVID-19 Era: Insights from Golden Valley Mining Community, Zimbabwe
Authors: Magwegwe Everjoy
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges globally, with a notable surge in gender-based violence (GBV) incidents. This descriptive, exploratory study conducted in the Golden Valley mining community in Kadoma, Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe, delves into the challenges faced by GBV survivors during and after the pandemic, alongside community perceptions of GBV in the post-COVID-19 era. Guided by Bronfenbrenner's Social-Ecological Model which offers insights into the various levels of influence on GBV behavior and experiences,aiding in the development of contextually relevant prevention strategies. The study used qualitative methods such as interviews and focus group discussions,There were 24 study participant classified by random and convenient sampling techniques including Traditional and community leaders, gbv surviours medical personnel and male and female, community members. The research followed the COREQ guidelines to transparently document the research process and findings. The research sheds light on the multifaceted nature of GBV exacerbated by societal norms and economic instability in a low-income, masculine-dominated work culture. Findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive prevention programs, effective legislation, and community engagement to address GBV in post-pandemic communities. The research provides valuable lessons for enhancing GBV prevention efforts globally, emphasizing the significance of survivor voices and addressing root causes of GBV.
Epstein-Barr-Virus-Driven Cardiolipin Synthesis Sustains Metabolic Remodeling During B-cell Lymphomagenesis
Authors: You Haixi , Havey Larissa , Li Zhixuan , Asara John , Guo Rui
Published: April 2024

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with a range of B-cell malignancies, including Burkitt, Hodgkin, post-transplant, and AIDS-related lymphomas. Studies highlight EBV’s transformative capability to induce oncometabolism in B-cells to support energy, biosynthetic precursors, and redox equivalents necessary for transition from quiescent to proliferation. Mitochondrial dysfunction presents an intrinsic barrier to EBV B-cell immortalization. Yet, how EBV maintains B-cell mitochondrial function and metabolic fluxes remains unclear. Here we show that EBV boosts cardiolipin(CL) biosynthesis, essential for mitochondrial cristae biogenesis, via EBNA2-induced CL enzyme transactivation. Pharmaceutical and CRISPR genetic analyses underscore the essentiality of CL biosynthesis in EBV-transformed B-cells. Metabolomic and isotopic tracing highlight CL's role in sustaining respiration, one-carbon metabolism, and aspartate synthesis, all vital for EBV-transformed B-cells. Targeting CL biosynthesis destabilizes mitochondrial one-carbon enzymes, causing synthetic lethality when coupled with a SHMT1/2 inhibitor. We demonstrate EBV-induced CL metabolism as a therapeutic target, offering new strategies against EBV-associated B-cell malignancies.
Immunological Dysregulation in Endometriosis Potentially Linked to Anomalies in NCOA4-Mediated Iron Autophagy Pathway
Authors: Liu YiMing , Lian Fang , Zhao YueWen
Published: April 2024

Objective
This study aims to investigate the expression disparities of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in endometriosis (EMS) patients, assessing its diagnostic potential. It also elucidate the correlation between the immune microenvironment in EMS patients and pivotal genes in iron autophagy,and seeks to corroborate the activation status of the NCOA4-mediated iron autophagy pathway in both ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues in EMS,
Methods
"Data sets from microarrays pertaining to EMS patients were obtained from the GEO database. This was done to analyze the differential expression of NCOA4 in both ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues, in comparison to normal endometrial tissues. The diagnostic efficacy of key iron autophagy genes in identifying EMS was projected using Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC). This study also further examined the differential immune landscape between ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues of EMS patients and controls. Additionally, it analyzed the interplay between immune cells, immune checkpoint genes, and key iron autophagy genes in EMS patients. A rat model of EMS was employed to validate the expression patterns of the NCOA4-mediated iron autophagy pathway in ectopic and eutopic endometrium.
Results
NCOA4 was differentially expressed in endothelial tissues of EMS patients, including two diametrically opposed trends of up-regulation and down-regulation in the in situ endothelial tissues of EMS patients and up-regulation in the ectopic endothelial tissues; Immune infiltration analysis showed that a variety of immune cells and immune checkpoint genes were abnormal in the endothelial tissues of EMS patients, and most of the abnormal immune cells and immune checkpoint genes were strongly correlated with the key genes of iron autophagy, NCOA4, FTH1, LC3B, and P62; Animal results showed that iron autophagy signaling pathway activation was progressively enhanced from the in situ endometrium to the normal endometrium to the ectopic endometrium.
Conclusion
Restoring the normal function of the NCOA4-mediated iron autophagy signaling pathway by regulating it can block the development of EMS, and its mechanism may be related to improving the local microenvironmental immune imbalance in EMS endothelial tissues.
Advancements in chimerism estimation and SNV genotyping in common marmosets: Enhancing genetic diversity analysis using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Kim Jungeun , Eom Heejong , Choi Jae-Pil , Lee Sunghoon , Jeong Da-Hye , Lee So-Min , Kim Dongwook , Lee Dohyun
Published: April 2024

While marmosets are crucial in biomedical research, genetic research into these species using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has proven significantly challenging due to chimerism. We have developed an innovative method to estimate chimerism ratios and correct single nucleotide variant (SNV) genotypes in marmoset NGS data. This advancement has enabled the construction of a comprehensive variome for 56 Korean common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) that were cultivated at Osong Medical Innovation Foundation and 18 public Callitrichidae specimens, altogether encompassing about 200 million of SNVs. Using our method, we achieved a 5% chimerism ratio in hair follicles, allowing for the adjustment of homozygous SNVs from chimerism reads. However, this was not successful in blood with high chimerism. Analysis of this extensive variome data revealed the existence of a positive association between genetic diversity and conservation status, and it also showed signs of inbreeding in our specimens. The genetic structure analysis of C. jacchus and its related species holds significant potential for enhancing genetic diversity through inter-species admixture. These findings provide crucial insights into marmoset genetic diversity that are expected to offer valuable guidance for conservation strategies and the enhancement of genetic health in marmoset research populations.
A Novel flexible Probability Model for Improved Model Adequacy: Its Properties and Applications
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Khalil Alamgir , Wasim Danish , Albalawi Olayan
Published: April 2024

In the current decade development of new distributions is a frequently used practice in probability theory. In this manuscript, we introduce a novel probability distribution which is referred as “Alpha Power Modified Inverse Rayleigh (APMIR) distribution”. Some important statistical properties of the suggested model have been derived and investigated thoroughly. These properties include higher order moments, Shannon and Renyi entropy, order statistics, mode etc. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) procedure is used to obtain estimates of the parameters of the suggested distribution. The performance of the proposed model is assessed using two real data sets. Simulation results are conducted to evaluate and justify the consistency of MLE. The suggested model offers better presentation as compared to other kinds of Rayleigh model.
Effect of Sulfur on synergistic corrosion behavior of Q235 and 16Mn steel in sodium aluminate solution
Authors: Li Dongyu , Quan Bianli , Li Junqi , Chen Chaoyi , Xu Jun , Wang Hanli
Published: April 2024

In this study, the corrosion electrochemistry and corrosion behavior of two steels were studied under the simulated alumina production conditions. The corrosion rate of 16Mn steel is greater than that of Q235 steel. The effect of S2− concentration on corrosion rate was significantly higher than that of S2O32−. The synergistic corrosion rates of Q235 and 16Mn steels increase at first and then decrease with the sulfur content, and the peak value appears when the concentration of S2− and S2O32− is 4 g/L and 3 g/L respectively. There are two main types of corrosion products: one is surface octahedral grain, which is composed of Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and Al2O3.The other is the interlayer corrosion between the surface layer and the matrix, which is composed of FeS, FeS2 and NaFeO2.The formation mechanism of the corrosion and corrosion mechanism were obtained by analyzing the phenomenon of ion competitive adsorption. Further validation and analysis of ion competition adsorption phenomenon were conducted using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The formation of corrosion products on the steel surface was investigated at an ion level, and the adsorption energies of OH− and S2− at the top site of Fe(110) surface were calculated. It was found that S2− is more likely to be adsorbed on the Fe(110) surface compared to OH−. The corrosion mechanism of steel is discussed preliminarily.
The effect of cycling practice on gaze, body, and bicycle controls
Authors: Kojima Takashi , Cho Katsuki , Kokubu Masahiro
Published: April 2024

Although cycling is a fundamental skill acquired by a lot of people, insights into the factors contributing to the learning of more stable cycling remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the aspects of movement that contribute to cycling stability through the skill acquisition process in non-cyclists. Nineteen participants practiced cycling on a straight and narrow path for 20 trials daily for 2 days. After the practice session, the movements related to steering, frame roll, and head were stabilized. In the pre-test, multiple regression analysis showed that steering, head angle, frequency of optokinetic nystagmus, and cycling speed were explanatory variables for the deviation rate as the dependent variable in the regression equation. In the retention test, the head roll tilt, head angle, head angle range, and optokinetic response duration were included. These findings suggest that the strategy shifted from minimizing the variability of steering to stabilizing head movements as participants improved their cycling skills. Furthermore, the periodic eye movements and the act of lowering the head were identified as contributing factors to cycling stability in both pre- and retention tests.
The probe trial in a water maze test should not exceed two times
Authors: Han Xiaodong , Liu Xiaobin , Jiang Yanna , Wu Shuai , Zhang Zhe , Gao Cheng , Fu Zhaoying
Published: April 2024

We performed two types of water maze tests (a visual-cued and an acoustic-cued) to determine the appropriate number of probe trials for a water maze test. Three probe trials were applied in the probe trial phase of each experiment. The observational indexes included the time of the first crossing and the number of crossing. In both types of the tests, the results showed that the time of the first crossing increased significantly from the second to the third probe trials (P < 0.05), while the number of crossing decreased significantly from the second to the third probe trials (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the differences between the first and the second probe trials were not statistically significant regarding both the time of the first crossing and the number of crossing (both P > 0.05). Therefore, we believe that the number of probe trials in a water maze test should be one or two but no more than two times.
Epidemiological and transmission characteristics comparison analysis between Delta and Omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 (BA.2.1, BA.2.2, BA.2.76, BA.5.2)
Authors: Dai Zhihui , Luo Kaiwei , Liu Qiao , Zhan Zhifei , Sun Qianlai , Lin Huijun , Chen Tianmu , Zhao Zeyu , Li Xiaojun , Liu Ziyan
Published: April 2024

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the virus has undergone three mutations, with Delta and Omicron being the most affected.This study aimed to understand the epidemiology and transmission differences between the Delta and Omicron variants, and to analyze the infection characteristics of different variants, providing a scientific theoretical basis for prevention and control strategies.We conducted a comparative analysis by selecting six local outbreaks of the Delta variant that occurred in Hunan Province in July 2021 and six local outbreaks of different sub-lineages of the Omicron variant that occurred in 2022. The results showed that asymptomatic cases were more prevalent in Omicron variant infections, with BA.5.2 having the highest proportion. The Delta and Omicron variants have identical median incubation periods of 2–3 days. In terms of secondary situations, the secondary attack rate of the Delta variant is 0.85%, while that of the Omicron variant is 1.69%. For specific Omicron subvariants, Omicron BA.2.1 has a secondary attack rate of 0.89%, Omicron BA.2.2 is 0.71%, Omicron BA.2.76 is 2.51%, and Omicron BA.5.2 has a secondary attack rate of 4.63%. The predominant mode of exposure for cases with recurrent infections of the Delta variant is cohabitation, while for Omicron variant outbreaks, cohabitation remains predominant, followed by spatial proximity and dining together.The Delta variant and the Omicron variant are both make it prone to causing multiple generations of cases in a short period, leading to a wider impact. The secondary attack rates of Omicron and Delta variants in this study were much lower than in other countries, indicating that strengthening personnel control and social regulations are beneficial for the prevention and control of newly emerging severe infectious diseases. Meanwhile, the exposure types of Omicron variant secondary cases were more diverse, and the symptoms of infected individuals were milder, indicating its greater stealthiness. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on virus mutations, strengthen surveillance, and increase prevention and control efforts if enhanced transmissibility of the variant is detected.
Brain Activity During Defensive Reactions to Virtual Threats
Authors: Lopes Carolina , Godinho Jaime , Teixeira César , Petrella Lorena
Published: April 2024

The study of brain activity under the appearance of an unexpected visual threat can give some insights into how the brain reacts to potential dangers, and how the consequent defensive response is originated. In this study, a virtual reality (VR) scene is used to present an unexpected threat aiming to invoke a defensive reaction, as well as non-threatening stimuli as control. The brain activity is measured along the pre and post stimuli conditions using electroencephalography (EEG). The goal is to identify how the information propagates between cortical regions once the threatening situation is presented. The functional connectivity study evidenced a flux of information from the left middle temporal gyrus to the premotor cortex, evidencing a defensive response induced by the sound involved in the stimulus. Additional connections involving diverse cortical areas as the left inferior frontal gyrus, the primary motor cortex, the prefrontal cortex, beside the premotor cortex may represent part of the information flux involved in action planning. Other activated cortical areas were the supplementary motor cortex, the right temporal gyrus, the associative visual cortex, and primary somatosensory cortex. Concluding, the immersive scenario provided by VR allowed to induce more natural defensive response, and consequently the identification of relevant brain activity.
A rare case of acute myocardial infarction with heart failure following Hump-nosed Viper bite in a Sri Lankan female
Authors: Wannin W.M.D.A.S. , Aponso Tilan , Seneviratne Manohari , Dissanayake Dhanapala
Published: April 2024

Background
Hump-nosed viper (Hypnale species) bites are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in southern India and Sri Lanka, accounting for 27 and 77% of venomous snake bites, respectively (1). Previously, they were known to be moderately venomous snakes with predominant local envenomation, but since recently, severe systemic envenomation incidents have been reported, including hemostatic dysfunction, microangiopathic hemolysis, kidney injury, myocardial toxicity, and death.
Here we report a case of hump-nosed viper bite complicated with type 2 myocardial infarction and acute pulmonary oedema secondary to acute heart failure in a Sri Lankan female presented to the National Hospital of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Case presentation
A 39-year-old previously healthy female from Kegalle was transferred to our hospital for further management of her condition from a local hospital. She gave a history of snake bites three days ago, and the offending snake was identified as a hump-nosed viper. She complained of chest tightness on day 3 of the illness and progressive shortness of breath with associated orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. She had bilateral lower-limb edema. She denied having a past history of similar episodes, and her past medical history was insignificant. Her conscious level was stable, but she was tachypneic and tachycardic, with a respiratory rate of 32/min and a pulse rate of 120 bpm, respectively. She was hemodynamically stable, with a blood pressure of 100/60 mmHg. She had bilateral lower zone fine crepitations in the lungs with elevated jugular venous pressure, and her heart sounds were normal. She had an oxygen dependency with an air saturation of ~85%. Upon monitoring, her urine output was adequate. Her ECG showed lateral lead ST segment depressions (I, avL, V2-V6 leads) and T wave inversions. Her cardiac troponin I titer was elevated, with a value of 5.9 ng/mL. Her renal functions were normal (0.8 mg/dL). A chest X-ray showed evidence of pulmonary edema, and a 2D echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of 60% with mild lateral wall hypokinesia. CT coronary angiography was carried out with the metabolic screening, which revealed normal coronary arteries and a negative metabolic screening. She was managed with supportive therapy with loop diuretics and oxygen, and a follow-up 2D echocardiogram showed complete recovery of the cardiac function. She was asymptomatic at 3 months into the follow-up. Therefore, since the CT coronary angiogram showed normal coronary arteries, the case was concluded to be a case of venom-induced type 2 myocardial infarction leading to heart failure with acute pulmonary oedema.
Influencing factors of lymph node detection after minimally invasive radical surgery in patients with colorectal cancer and analysis of the application value of carbon nano-tracers
Authors: Xie Bingkai , Lin Guihe , Wang Zhijian , Xu Dongbo , Chen Jianxun , Lin Shuangming
Published: April 2024

To investigate the influencing factors of lymph node detection after minimally invasive radical surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and the application value of carbon nanoparticle tracing. A total of 120 patients with CRC who underwent minimally invasive radical surgery were included. They were divided into groups according to whether they were grouped by carbon nano-tracers, and the baseline data were matched by propensity score method. Univariate and multivariate methods were used to evaluate lymph nodes and positive lymph nodes after minimally invasive radical surgery. The number of detected independent factors. After propensity score matching, there were 37 patients in the tracer group and the non-tracer group; there was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups; the number of positive lymph nodes detected in the tracer group was significantly higher than that in the non-tracer group. The results of univariate analysis showed that gender, lesion location, maximum tumor diameter, and whether to perform nanocarbon tracing were all related to the number of lymph nodes detected after minimally invasive radical surgery. Nanocarbon tracing was an independent influencing factor for the number of lymph nodes detected after minimally invasive radical surgery. Pathological type, T stage, histopathological grade, nerve invasion, and whether or not with cancer nodules were all related to the number of positive lymph nodes detected after minimally invasive radical surgery; multivariate analysis showed that T stage, pathological Histological grade, vascular invasion, and cancer nodules were all independent influencing factors for the number of positive lymph nodes detected after minimally invasive radical surgery. The number of lymph nodes detected in patients with CRC after minimally invasive radical surgery is closely related to the location of the lesion and whether carbon nanoparticle tracing is performed; those with T2-4 stage, histological grade 3–4, combined with vascular invasion and cancer nodules are more likely to Positive lymph nodes were detected.