bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The House of Lords Sessional Papers
Authors: Mallaber Kenneth A.
Published: March 2008

Compared with sets of House of Commons Sessional Papers, the House of Lords Sessional Papers from 1801 are almost unknown and unused, largely because only two reasonably complete sets have ever existed. A description is given of a major project undertaken by the Department of Trade and Industry Library, in co-operation with the libraries of the Treasury, the Home Office, the House of Lords, the British Museum, the Bodleian, and the National Library of Scotland, to re-arrange and complete the D.T.I. set, to assemble complete sets for the British Museum and the House of Lords, and to make up near-complete sets for the Bodleian and the National Library of Scotland.

Differences in arrangement between the Lords and Commons sets are described. The importance to scholars of the Lords Papers is considered, and the amount of duplication between the Lords and Commons sets assessed.

A description is also given of work in progress to locate copies of the very rare pre-I800 Lords papers and bills, and to reprint them in facsimile from I64I to I805. A microfilm edition of the Lords Papers from 1806 to 1859 is also nearly complete and ready for publi cation.
Presidential Libraries
Authors: Cole Garold L.
Published: March 2008

A description of the history of the presidential papers in the U.S.A., the development and functions of the presidential library system, and a brief look at future developments.
The Public Library in the Service of Leisure
Authors: Wilson Alexander
Published: March 2008

The article stresses the need for greater public provision in adult education and the arts as recreational activities, and identifies various institutional "growth points", including public libraries which should find their special role in this sector of community life, as a combined "theatre of recorded entertainment" and a "library-college". Equally important to the public library is the information function as the "library of first resort" and this creates organisational and design problems when trying to reconcile the two objectives.

Library success in the leisure field requires inter-disciplinary teamwork, flexibility in staff organisation and in allocation of resources, greater use of non-book media and a co ordinated approach by cultural associations and institutions at national, regional and local levels. Additional resources are required to exploit information and arts opportunities and these may be found partly by reducing investment in large reference libraries which are seen in practice as duplicate provision for the academic sector of the community. The right of librarians to set quality standards in selection is questioned, but supported, subject to the criteria being made explicit to governing bodies and to the public.
The Subject Approach: Recent Developments in Indexing
Authors: Foskett A.C.
Published: March 2008

The complexity explosion has led to ever-increasing difficulties in subject specification, especially in the use of notation in classified arrangement. Two recent developments, the use of DC18 and PRECIS in the British National Bibliography, form a substantial contribution towards the solution of these difficulties, particularly in view of the increased presstere for standardization arising from the use of computers.

Edited version of a paper read at the AAL Course "Cataloguing and Indexing: Recent Developments", held at Folkestone, March 6-9, I972.
The Sale Catalogues of British Government Publications, 1836-1965
Authors: Mallaber K.A.
Published: March 2008

Sale Catalogues of British Government publications first appeared in 1836, and are im portant because the publications listed are almost totally excluded from other bibliographies until very recent years. The article comments on the importance of the publications and on their subject range, and estimates their number since 1836 at about half a million. No single library appears to have a complete set of the annual cumulative catalogues, and the article therefore describes the make-up and coverage of such a set based on a collation of the sets in the British Museum and the Department of Trade and Industry Library, which between them have copies of all known catalogues. A detailed bibliography of a complete set is given, including full information on all indexes. Attention is drawn to the importance of the post- 1945 catalogues in giving the most comprehensive listing available of the sale documents of many international agencies. A reprint of the complete set of catalogues is announced.
A Personalized Service to Academic Researchers: the Experimental Information Service in the Social Sciences at the University of Bath
Authors: Evans Susan M. , Line Maurice B.
Published: March 2008

Between 1969 and 1971 Bath University Library experimented with a personalized information service to social science researchers at the Universities of Bath and Bristol. The principal service offered was a manunl current awareness service, based mainly on the scanning of primary and abstracting journals. The service was evaluated by feedback slips returned by clients for each reference notified, and by a questionnaire at the end of the experiment. The relevance performance was good, and few references had been seen before; some precision could have been sacrificed to ensure comprehensive recall. The whole service was rated highly by nearly all users and considered to be a high priority among the various possible claims on university resources. Those who had the closest contact with the infor mation officers had the best scores on most aspects evaluated and rated the service most highly. Some general observations on the place and value of an information service in a university library are given in conclusion.
Some Further Thoughts on the British Library
Authors: Richnell D.T.
Published: March 2008

This paper was given to the London and Home Counties Branch of the Library Association at the precise moment that the British Library Board came into being (April 1973) and before the delayed Vesting Day ( July 1973 ) . Brief consideration is given to the work of the Organizing Committee and to the composition of the Board. The role of the Board in ensuring that the necessary finance is available is stressed, and it is suggested that the Advisory Councils (or preferably one Council) must play an import part in policy-making. The difficulties of integrating the staff are touched upon. Some account is given of the planning of the new Bloomsbury building. It is stressed that to complete this on time is of the utmost importance because of the very unsatisfactory conditions in which the Reference and Bibliographical Division will have to operate over the next decade. The Lending Division starts with far better conditions for immediate advance. The objectives of the lending service are discussed, and the need for an integrated lending/reference policy in acquisitions and services. The effects of an integrated lending system on the Regional Bureaux and other libraries is considered and suggestions are made for a policy for the Lending Division in building up, servicing and lending, a retrospective collection of British and foreign books.

Acknowledgement is expressed to the London and Home Counties Branch of the LA for permission to reproduce.
The need for a National Library Service: what organization do we require for a total library service in Britain?
Authors: Humphreys K.W.
Published: March 2008

The establishment of the British Library may solve many problems for libraries but raises others. There is a need for considering the present system of library organization in Britain and comparing it with those of other European countries. A new administration based on regional systems is suggested with a view to stimulating further discussion. Edited version of an address given at a joint meeting of SCONUL and the University, College and Research Section of the Library Association, April, 1973.
Bibliographic teaching in French and Politics at the University of Leicester
Authors: Reid Bruce J.
Published: March 2008

The professional literature lacks detailed accounts of attempts to teach the structure and use of specialized literatures in universities. An account of literature seminars offered to under graduates, research students and staff in the Departments of French and Politics at the University of Leicester since 1970/71. Discusses questions of level, attendance, presentation, integration with existing course-work, and alternative approaches.
The Marginal Man
Authors: Simsova S.
Published: March 2008

The marginal man is "one who is poised in psychological uncertainty between two or more worlds." The paper attempts to summarize existing literature on the subject of marginality in immigrants and to put forward some hypotheses about the influence of the marginal status on reading. The marginal status resolves itself eventually in acculturation. Acculturation is a two-way process which involves the individual and his ethnic group on the one hand and the receiving country on the other. Libraries can contribute to successful acculturation.

This paper was read at the opening of the Workshop on the public library and the needs of immigrants, held at The Polytechnic of North London April 2-4, I973. As a result of the discussions which followed, the Public Libraries Research Group have considered a research project on library services to immigrants ( 1) and the means for funding it are being investi gated.
The Libraries of Stoke Newington and South Hornsey, I890-I900
Authors: Manley K.A.
Published: March 2008

This paper is intended to show the problems facing a small, ill-financed voluntary library in North London before its absorption into the far larger Stoke Newington Public Library. A brief history of Stoke Newington is given, mentioning its chief literary residents, such as Defoe, and its early libraries—private, circulating, and parish. More detail is given to the adoption of the Public Libraries Acts and early problems in establishing the library, such as the use of temporary premises. Then the Finsbury Park Voluntary Library is dealt with— its formation, popularity, facilities, and the question of rating, with references to similar libraries in London. This is followed by the adoption of the Acts, despite much opposition, at which it becomes South Hornsey Public Library, before eventually being taken over by Stoke Newington. The article concludes with a short review of the main problems facing such voluntary libraries.
The Legislative Documentation of the European Communities
Authors: Hopkins M.
Published: March 2008

The entry of the United Kingdom into the European Communities has introduced to this country a novel method of making law, centred not upon Parliament but upon those Com munity institutions invested with legislative powers by the founding treaties. Despite the fact that the United Kingdom has now been a member of the European Communities for over a year, few people are familiar with this law-making process and with the considerable amount of associated documentation. This paper seeks to describe the various stages through which legislative proposals proceed before they acquire the force of Community law, and gives particular attention to the categories of documentation which emanate from this pro cedure. Many of the titles mentioned may be consulted in those academic libraries designated as European Documentation Centres by the European Communities.1
Discovering the Most Consulted Scientific Serials in the Antwerp State University Centre Library
Authors: Van Styvendaele B.J.H.
Published: March 2008

All researchers on the staff of the State University Centre of Antwerp (RUCA) were asked to indicate from the periodicals collection all journal titles whose contents they or the department wanted to scan. In exchange they would be provided by the library with a copy of the table of contents of all incoming issues of these so-called SDI-journals. By the time this library service became effective it covered 80% of all departments, each participant making 9.4 requests on the average. The experiment revealed that, in the subject fields studied, 57% of the journals currently taken by the library at RUCA are requested for SDI.

If the service is continued over longer periods of time, lists of SDI-periodicals need to be systematically reviewed biannually or individually upon request.
Library Instruction and the Development of the Individual
Authors: Hills P.J.
Published: March 2008

The purpose of a university education is defined here as the need to guide the student towards becoming a self-directing individual. This paper examines this pnrpose in terms of student needs and the awareness of both academic and library staff. Psychological principles of learning as applied to this purpose are considered together with the use of audio-visual methods. The paper ends with a consideration of some present practical constraints and the possibilities for future action.
Review : The Work of the Library Advisory Councils for England and Wales
Authors: Paulin Lorna
Published: March 2008

The legal basis for the two Library Advisory Councils is explained, their initial constitution set out, and their work during their first decade summarized.
Academic Research in Library and Information Studies
Authors: Vickery B.C.
Published: March 2008

The paper discusses the content of library and information studies, and possible definitions of "information science". Various types of investigation in this subject field are outlined, and the need for varied methodological expertise. The resulting difficulties for academic research are briefly discussed.
Local History Today: Current Themes and Problems for the Local History Library
Authors: Reed Michael
Published: March 2008

This paper analyses first of all some of the ways in which the subject-matter of local history has developed since 1945. Secondly, there is an account of some of the sources now being used by local historians and the techniques developed to exploit them. Thirdly, some of the problems these developments present to the local history librarian are discussed.
The Time Factor in Library and Information Management
Authors: Burkett Jack
Published: March 2008

So many people take time for granted. Unless it is carefully used, however, both by the executive and his staff, service objectives can be seriously jeopardized. Research is being done on timing library operalions with the ultimate purpose of maximization. Although difficult to analyse, tasks involving intellectual effort need particular attention.
Audio-Visual Materials in the Library: the relevance of some learning theories to the development of a new syllabus
Authors: Berkeley Virginia A.
Published: March 2008

Experiences in developing a new syllabus are discussed and the steps in planning and develop ment detailed. The educational theories of concept development and analysis of learning objectives, as propounded by Pella, Margenau, Gagné and Bloom, proved useful and their relevance is analysed. A network analysis of the syllabus shows how its relationship with other aspects of librarianship was catered for, and has also facilitated adaptations resulting from reduced time-allocation to the course. This paper seeks to provoke discussion and to keep the profession informed of the way in which one library school is attempting to keep pace with library developments and provide the skills that will be needed in the future.

The views expressed are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect the policy of the Library School.
Influences on the Availability of Recreational Reading for Victorian Working Class Children
Authors: Ellis Alec
Published: March 2008

This article examines the various factors which influenced the availability of recreational literature to working class children during the Victorian period. It investigates the prices of books and periodicals in relation to the purchasing power and interest in reading of the Victorian working class; and sets out the sources from which reading matter could be obtained, namely by purchase from hawkers and bookstalls, as prizes from day and Sunday schools, and for use in and on loan from school and public libraries.
Staffing Public Libraries: a critique of the LAMSAC report
Authors: Brown Roy
Published: March 2008

Review of the problems and findings of the LAMSAC research project on public library staffing.
Libraries in the People's Republic of China: A Report of a Visit, June I976
Authors: Richnell D.T. , Nelson Howard
Published: March 2008

The state of development and the organization of the public and university library service of the People's Republic of China, as seen in June 1976 by a party of British librarians, are described. Particular emphasis is laid on the fact that libraries are not treated as in any way separate from the rest of socialist Chinese society; on the educational and political activities of librarians; and on the efforts which have been made since about 1973 to extend the library service to the grass-roots level. Access to the libraries, the amount of publication, and the tools of biblio graphic control are considered, as is the training of librarians. Finally, some of the major libraries are described in more detail, and an impression of the libraries' conservation work is given.
The Readers'Advisory Situation in the Public Library: the Significance of Non-verbal Communication
Authors: Budd Maxine
Published: March 2008

The readers' adviser in a public library has a vital service to perform but very few guidelines by which to perform it. Psychologists and sociologists have recently produced material in the area of non-verbal communication which is valuable, but it may be more usful to see how their work has already been applied in other practical fields like management and social work, especially the latter which is more akin in some ways to the work of the readers' adviser.
Towards a Theory for Reference and Information Service
Authors: Whittaker Kenneth
Published: March 2008

Traces the development of the theory of reference and information service from its origins to the present day. Although libraries began to offer reference and information services in the late nineteenth century, they were not based on any theoretical concepts. The first real step in theory formulation was in 1930 when Wyer in the United States examined the various attitudes librarians held on assistance to readers. Between 1930 and the present day, although many developments have taken place, the theory of the subject remains comparatively uninvestigated, especially in Britain, and distinctly inadequate. In the past few years, however, the subject has been increasingly written about, and research in other disciplines applied to it. With the object of encouraging systematic and comprehensive research into the theory of reference and information service, a base plan for such research is outlined. It covers the subject's terminology, its nature and purpose, its scope and branches, and its relationships with other subjects.
Evaluation in a User Education Programme
Authors: Fjällbrant Nancy
Published: March 2008

This article is an attempt to provide an introduction to evaluation in library user education. The purpose of evaluation is discussed and this is followed by a brief description of the targets, scope, methods and timing. Examples of previous evaluation of library user instruc tion are then given. The final part of the article is an account of the evaluation work carried out in connection with the development of a programme of user education at Chalmers University of Technology Library, Gothenburg, Sweden. This work is related to the para meters of evaluation described in the first part of the article.
The Library and Information Needs of Visually Handicapped Students: A Survey of the Problems with some Suggestions for Academic Library Policy
Authors: Judd P.M.
Published: March 2008

The article discusses the library and information problems of visually handicapped sttedents, and how academic libraries can help solve these problems with examples of present practices in some British university libraries. The term "visually handicapped students" is taken to mean students who are unable to study or work by visual methods.

Visually handicapped students are allowed to choose their course and academic institute themselves and are scattered in very small groups throughout a large number of institutes, and the Royal National Institute for the Blind (RNIB) is unable to meet the students' specialised individual requirements from stock or by producing material quickly enough. Present liaison between academic departments and the RNIB only partly solves the problem, and inter-library co-operation is hampered by poor bibliographic control.

On campus, students need to have material rend for them, and must recruit and organize their readers. They study more slowly than sighted students because of the difficulties of using print equivalent media and their inability to use library facilities fully by themselves.

Academic libraries can help by being aware of official institute policy towards handicapped students, providing an individualized educational programme, sound-proofed rooms or carrels and by adapting lending policy where possible. Although the libraries' role consists primarily of reader services to their own students, the conclusion suggests a role for them in the future provision of print equivalent study material.
The Finances and Buildings of Public Libraries at the Outbreak of the First World War
Authors: Ellis Alec
Published: March 2008

It is intended to present an account of the situation of public libraries in England and Wales in 1914 at the culmination of approximately half a century of development. Public libraries evolved as well as could be expected between 1855, the year in which the rate at their disposal was raised from 1/2d. to 1d., and 1914, the year in which Professor Adams of the University of Oxford prepared his report on their provision and policy at the instigation of the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust. It has been widely believed that an air of despondency pervaded the public library service during the two decades prior to I9I9 the year in which the rate limitation was removed. In fact the real crisis situation was not reached until the consequences of World War I had been felt, following which a reappraisal of the library service was imperative if it were not to collapse. The year I9I4 was, as public librarians were about to discover, the last year of an era of relative stability.
Subject Approach to European Documentation: the possibilities for computer application
Authors: Lovecy Ian , Hulme Charlie
Published: March 2008

Existing published indexes are insufficient for a subject approach to the publications of the European Communities. Both general and special classifications used locally have drawbacks, and a KWIC index, if it is possible, is to be preferred. A sample of such an index has been produced at the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, and the advantages and defects have been assessed over a year. On the basis of this experience, a more satisfactory centralized indexing service should be possible.
Information services in local authority social services departments: preliminary review
Authors: Streatfield David
Published: March 2008

Eighteen English social services departments were visited by Project INISS staff as part of their study of information needs and services. A number of categories of staff with key information roles are identified and a variety of specific information services noted. Some problems in providing services are reported and suggestions for improvements through co operation are made. The remainder of the research programme is outlined.
Revision of classification schemes: policies and practices
Authors: Curwen Anthony G.
Published: March 2008

The problems of developing subjects and changing terminology which confront all revisers of indexing tools are surveyed briefly, and the policies and practices adopted by the Library of Congress, Dewey Decimal and Universal Decimal classifications are reviewed in turn. The revision of the Bliss Bibliographic Classification is then considered in the light of the foregoing discussion of general problems and specific solutions. Some worked examples using sections of the revised Bliss scheme are appended.
Continuing education for librarians
Authors: Jones Noragh
Published: March 2008

The article presents the views of a group of 1966 Associates of the Library Association on incentives and deterrents to professional development, as expressed in replies to a postal questionnaire ( April 1976). Returns were received from 105 public libraries ( 72 per cent response rate) and from 42 academic libraries ( 71 per cent response rate). Methods of keeping up to date are discussed, and range from the most popular "informal discussion with colleagues" through inservice training ( for public librarians, but much less so for academic librarians) to the more formal short courses, and other kinds of personal study leading in many cases to further qualifications. The group's views on the respective importance of these continuing education activities to their professional development are presented, and also their recommendations to the Library Association, the library schools, senior management and training officers, on how they ought to be developing their roles in continuing education.
Economies of scale in polytechnic libraries
Authors: Revill Don
Published: March 2008

It is argued that polytechnic library services can seldom realize economies of scale. The scale of library provision increases within the educational hierarchy. Staff are employed who become specialists in obtaining resources. Sources of economies available to a firm such as horizontal or vertical integration or chenper materials prices are often denied libraries. Where libraries adopt other methods potentially able to produce economies (e.g. mechanization), costs appear to remain much the same or rise. Libraries can seldom achieve economies via competition, standardization, specialization or marketing. The greater complexity of stock in academic libraries, including non-book materials, and the presence of several sites makes economies of scale unlikely.
Describing and evaluating library collections
Authors: Walker Gregory
Published: March 2008

The importance of the description and evaluation of library collections for entries in library directories (source guides) has been underestimated. The article considers the purposes of characterizations in source guides, and the methods and problems of obtaining the information required. The elements which compose a characterization are discussed: subjects and topics covered; intimation of size; the question of "level"; library policy; comparison and evalua tion. The indexing of directory entries is discussed, and implications suggested for future source guides.
Professional qualifications in librarianship by directed private study
Authors: Rennie McElroy A.
Published: March 2008

Directed private study (DPS) teaching methods are outlined and a DPS programme in librarianship is described. Results obtained over five years are discussed. Student and em ployer reactions are recorded and a possible role for DPS in professional education is proposed. DPS techniques linked to careful student selection may overcome the difficulties experienced by some students in attending more traditional courses.
Cognitive psychology and "library learning" Nigel Ford
Authors: Ford Nigel
Published: March 2008

Assumptions that libraries are central to the process of learning are as yet neither well defined nor supported directly by empirical research evidence. However, recent advances in the study of learning have yielded research results of greater relevance to the study of library organization and use than were previously available, allowing a closer integration of the fields of librarianship and education. Several such studies are briefly reviewed.

A conceptual model uniting "libraries" and "learning" is called for, in order to faci litate the application, and generation of research of relevance to the two areas. The concepts "independence" and "structure" are suggested as possibly central components of such a model, and problems of the operational definition of such terms are discussed. Recent approaches to the study of learning are interpreted as a new "challenge to librarians", and implications for research in librarianship are outlined.
The development of academic libraries and librarianship in Thailand, I950-I976
Authors: Gorton Tony
Published: March 2008

The period 1950-1976 has seen encouraging developments in the field of Thai academic libraries and librarianship. In 1951 there was no trained librarian in the country. During the 1950s and 1960s, in schemes supported by the Thai and American governments and various international agencies, expansion took place and has led to a present situation of great potential. This article discusses the development of academic libraries and librarianship in the twentieth century and looks at some of the difficulties yet to be overcome in a country with many economic problems and no "second language" tradition.
The Adult Independent Learning Project: work with adult self-directed learners in public libraries
Authors: Dale Sheila
Published: March 2008

In May-June 1978 the author visited the United States for five weeks on a Churchill Fellowship to examine work with adult self-directed learners in American Public Libraries, with a view to considering whether it might have applications in Britain. This article outlines the Adult Independent Learning Project, describes the Learners' Advisory Service (its outcome), states the author's particular areas of enquiry and reports findings, before going on to discuss some current educational developments in the United States. An attempt is made to relate the library work to recent educational thinking on both sides of the Atlantic, and, in the light of this, to consider possible applications in Britain.
Examination and assessment within education for librarianship
Authors: Revill D.H.
Published: March 2008

This paper is concerned with methods of assessment and evaluation applicable to education for librarianship in the United Kingdom. The perceived advantages and disadvantages of the various assessment methods are discussed. Suggestions for improving the process of assessment are quoted. The overall importance of objectives, representing the basic organizing principle, is stressed as being fundamental to any discussion of assessment.
Computerization in the Lenin Library
Authors: Heaney Michael
Published: March 2008

MICHAEL HEANEY, BA, MA, ALA, is an Assistant Librarian in the Department of Catalogues at the Bodleian Library. He has contributed articles to several journals of Slavonic studies. The Lenin Library embarked on a large-scale automation programme in 1968. Automated systems for new accessions, SDI in special subject areas, reader services, inter-library loans and duplicates exchange form the first stage of an integrated system covering all the Library's operations. To date there have been delays in implementation, and the development of inter- library co-operation will possibly result in major revision of the Library's plans. This survey of the automation programme collates the information published in the Library's annual reports and in Soviet books and journals.
The effect of re-siting a library
Authors: Jones Arthur , King M. Barry
Published: March 2008

Report of a study undertaken by the library advisory team in the Department of Education and Science as part of their programme of monitoring and assessment. The Crumpsall District Library, Manchester, moved in July 1974 from the local shopping centre in Cheetham Hill to new accommodation in the Abraham Moss Centre. A study was made of variations in the provision and use of books in the library between 1972 and 1976. The move to the new building was accompanied by a considerable increase in total use, but a sharp reduction in visits by people aged 60 or more. Differences in the pattern of use were measured, but changes in the nature of the books and services provided made it difficult to isolate the effects of the change in location.
The Science Reference Library Classification for books on shelves
Authors: Sandison A.
Published: March 2008

Information in books—which are not normally covered by indexing services—can be redis covered at the shelf; a main objective of the SRL Classification Scheme is to make such dis covery easier. Any book is a cluster of information, which should overlap the contents of both its neighbours on the shelf. The SRL scheme adopts a ribbon ( Wyndham Hulme's "chain" ) principle, interweaving sciences and technologies ( 25 per cent more compact in actual searches than Dewey or UDC). Books are placed by their inherent subjects, not by the audience or application. The mixed subject notation averages 4·4 characters per title.
Stock relegation in some British university libraries
Authors: Ford Geoffrey
Published: March 2008

A review of the factors affecting policy on stock relegation in British university libraries, principally the interaction of libraries with their parent universities. The principal criteria used for weeding bookstocks are reviewed with examples from current practice; and the costs of relegation are examined. Data are presented summarizing the overlap of holdings of relegated material in university libraries with the holdings of the British Library Lending Division.
Standardizing bibliographical data: AACR 2 and international exchange
Authors: Gredley Ellen J.
Published: March 2008

The Anglo-American cataloguing rules, 2nd ed., are discussed in relation to the Paris Principles, trends in international standardization in cataloguing and aspects of machine processing of bibliographical data. The international role of AACR 2 as a catalogue code is also considered.
Estimating the market for automated cataloguing services in the UK
Authors: Seal Alan
Published: March 2008

This article summarizes and expands on some of the results published in the report "Cata loguing costs in the U.K.: an analysis of the market for automated cataloguing services" by C. Mary Overton and Alan Seal. A questionnaire survey of 845 UK libraries was carried out to establish the size and distribution of the market for automated cataloguing services. The response rate from university, polytechnic and public libraries was 82 per cent. Most of the questions related to the cost of cataloguing ( such as staff effort and computer charges) and the size of cataloguing intake. Other questions dealt with the size of library, type of catalogue entry used, form of output and subject processing matters. Results include graphs which show how many titles are catalogued at what cost and the potential income to a supplier of a UK cataloguing service at any particular price he might charge.
Some library costs and options
Authors: Brown A.J.
Published: March 2008

The annual costs associated with investment in bookstock and storage capacity, and with operating them, are weighed against the extra operating costs that would be incurred through reliance on inter-library loans instead of one's own stock. On these cost grounds, it seems to be worth acquiring, and providing storage for, books likely to be wanted more often than once in about 1·7 years over a long period. It also seems that it is cheaper to discard books already in stock, rather than building additional storage space of reader-access quality, if the books in question have a prospective frequency of use that has fallen below once in about 13 years. Storage space of quality lower than that required for reader-access can be provided at about half the cost per book estimated for reader-access storage, but it seems likely that for infre quently-used material ( e.g. less than once in 20 years ), inter-library borrowing will be cheaper than even cheap storage. All these estimates, however, disregard in-library use of books, and the cost to readers of delays associated with inter-library borrowing; they are thus biased in favour of such borrowing to an unknown extent.
The joint fiction reserve: an appraisal
Authors: Samways A.J.
Published: March 2008

The article wonders if the original aims and concepts of the Joint Fiction Reserve are still applicable and suggests a reappraisal by the member libraries. Some of the rules seem out dated and questionable and there seems to be a need to re-establish a common practice of administration. With an ever expanding collection the question of storage space is becoming acute. It is suggested that ideally a national centre for fiction be established to house the collection under one roof. If that is not possible under present economic conditions, major improvements could still be made to the scheme.
On-line information services in public libraries
Authors: Keenan Stella , Moore Nick , Oulton Anthony
Published: March 2008

On-line information services in public libraries are increasingly common. Two research projects funded by the British Library are described. The BIROS project in Lancashire County Library involved the development of the service and an evaluation of its impact. The other project, involving four public libraries, resulted in the production of guidelines. Information on use and impact is given. Issues raised by the projects, such as charging policies, are briefly discussed.
Library periodicals from developing countries: coverage by major abstracting and indexing services
Authors: Moore Nicholas L.
Published: March 2008

Results are reported of a preliminary investigation into the coverage of library and Information science periodicals, from developing countries, by five major abstracting/indexing services. Periodicals identified in the study are listed together with their coverage by Bulletin Signalétique, Information Science Abstracts, Library and Information Science Abstracts. Library Literature and Referativnyi Zhurnal. Informatics Abstracts. The study was commissioned by the IFLA Round Table of Editors of Library Journals and presented at the 46th IFLA General Conference in 1980. Further results will be published by IFLA at a later date.
Sources of information for children's book illustration
Authors: Hannabuss Stuart
Published: March 2008

The rich variety of illustration in children's books past and present has encouraged much interest. Some of this interest has been popular and based on nostalgia, and some has been academic, showing itself in students' projects and various forms of research. Though well-documented, children's book illustration is an area where sources of information are not always obvious and accessible. The sources discussed are intended to introduce those starting on research to some of the most accessible materials, and also to indicate to librarians some of the most useful aids.
Library services to the off-campus and independent learner: a review of the literature
Authors: Haworth D. Elaine
Published: March 2008

This article is derived from the literature search for a minor thesis for an M. Lib. (Monash University, 1980). Whereas the thesis was concerned with library service to tertiary students taking courses by external study for academic awards, this article expands the literature review to include the adult independent learner. It outlines the problems of the off-campus and independent learner and attempts to review literature to 1981 of the UK, North America and Australasia concerning library services to this user group, together with relevant use studies. Additional topics included are library user education, and the expectations of academics concerning library use by their off-campus students.
A policy proposal for the conservation and control of bookstock in academic libraries
Authors: Mowat Ian R.M.
Published: March 2008

The control of scarce and vulnerable materials, often thought of as the preserve of rare-books librarians, is a matter for wider concern. Most of the stock in most academic libraries can be considered to be either scarce or vulnerable or both. Control of such materials is dependent upon the primary function of the library. If the library's main function is to exploit its stock there are still measures which can be taken to increase control without necessarily locking books away. A revised version of a paper given at the 1982 Annual Study Conference of the University, College and Research Section of the Library Association.
The use of Cataloguing-in-Publication in United Kingdom libraries
Authors: Bryant Philip
Published: March 2008

This article is derived from the report of a study carried out by the Centre for Catalogue Research, Bath University, during October to December 1981. The study, which was jointly funded by the British Library Research & Development Department and the British Library Biblio graphic Services Division, was of the actual use made of Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data by public and academic libraries in the UK. 90 per cent of the random sample of libraries surveyed made some use of CIP for at least part of their acquisitions and cataloguing functions. Three specific projects studied: the use of CIP entries in BNB for book selection; the use of UK and LC CIP MARC records; the use of CIP data printed in the book.
Libraries in the mind: how can we see users' perceptions of Iibraries?
Authors: James Robert
Published: March 2008

The applicability of research findings in the social sciences in general. and in librarianship in parti cular, has been questioned. The problem is discussed of identifying practical ways of generating information about users' perceptions of a library without being subject to such criti cisms. Techniques of 'mental mapping' are suggested as potentially fruitful. Trials of them in one library are reported and analysed. Short comings and limitations are found, but useful and defensible information is also gathered for a small outlay of staff time or resources.
Nigerian university libraries: a survey of the expressed library needs of academics as a basis for co-operative planning
Authors: Bozimo Doris O.
Published: March 2008

This survey was carried out in 1976 as part of the writer's unpublished doctoral dissertation submitted in 1980 to Columbia University, New York. Based on an analysis of questionnaire responses from academic staff and postgraduate students in Nigeria's six oldest universities, the study attempts to identify the most pressing library needs of the scholar in the Nigerian academic setting; to determine the scholar's perception of the adequacy of library provision; and to ascertain his response to inadequacies in library provision. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of the possible co-operative ventures that are also consonant with the level of Nigeria's technological development.
Subject allegiance and the librarian. A review article on Social Science Information Studies
Authors: Howley S.M.
Published: March 2008

This article1 looks at subject allegiance rather than subject specialization in librarianship and, in the light of this, discusses the aims and content of, and the chances of success for, the new journal, Social Science Information Studies.
Systematic bookstock management in public libraries
Authors: Moore Nick
Published: March 2008

Systematic bookstock management techniques were first developed in Tottenham by A W McClellan during the period 1950-65. There has been a re-emergence of interest in the topic and this report surveys some of the recent developments. Techniques have been devised to analyse bookstock, to guide the allocation of bookfunds, to calculate optimum bookstock levels and to handle the overall monitoring and control of the bookstock. The systems need to be looked at as part of a wider movement towards a user-centred public library service. This article is the report of a study commissioned by the British Library Research & Development Department. The views expressed are Nick Moore's and not necessarily those of the British Library.
The development of the Reference, Abstract and Annotations Journal (RAAJ) on the BLEND system
Authors: Pullinger David J , Howey Kate
Published: March 2008

On 1 May 1983, the BLEND experimental programme on 'electronic journals' started the on-line Reference, Abstract and Annotations Journal. This contains a database of bibliographic references in the subject area of Computer Human Factors up to 1981 and more recent references and authors' abstracts from selected journals. It is hoped that evalua tive (or critical) annotations will be appended to these by members of LINC using the BLEND system.

This article describes the design and some details of the Reference, Abstract and Annotations Journal, together with the background considerations that led to the particular structure and format chosen.
Policy formulation for public library provision in the Highlands of Scotland
Authors: Crawford John C
Published: March 2008

Policy formulation for library provision in the Highlands of Scotland was largely the product of outside intervention and was, initially, part of a policy of introducing an Anglicized Calvinism into the Highlands as a means of radically altering the habits and customs of the natives. The basic policy guidelines were not seriously altered until the coming of secular educational values after the Disruption, when the Free Church of Scotland was founded. The lack of adequate numbers of secular titles in Gaelic was reflected in the holdings of libraries and contributed to the decline of Gaelic culture. No large public collections of Gaelic literature were ever formed.
A comparison of British Library CIP and CIP Revised records
Authors: Seal Alan , Overton C mary
Published: March 2008

Changes made to data elements in UK CIP records when compared with corresponding CIP Revised records were analysed. A sample of 562 titles acquired between January 1980 and January 1982 by a random sample of public and academic libraries was used. The CIP Revised record on BLAISE was compared with the original CIP entry which appeared in the British National Bibliography. Items of information most likely to be amended were Dewey classification number, year of publication, form of heading and name added entries. Some 28 per cent of titles were affected by one or more possibly important changes.
Where are the emperor's clothes? Some thoughts on current dilemmas: a review article
Authors: Benge Ronald
Published: March 2008

Some recent British professional publications are considered in order to examine theoretical foundations. It is suggested that this basis is weak and rests on undeclared assumptions, some of which are examined. The conclusion is that concepts of information are derived from psychological patterns and on attitudes to First and Last Things.
Public expenditure policies and the public library: changing the rules of the revenue game
Authors: Broady Judy , Usherwood Bob
Published: March 2008

The period since 1972 has seen major changes in the administration of local government. During the same time central government has become increasingly concerned about the financing and control of local authority expenditure. The authors argue that while central governments have always sought to control local government expenditure a major shift in the balance of power between central and local government has occurred with the election of an administration ideologically committed to reducing public expenditure and willing to replace exhortation with enforcement.

The article reviews some of the major fiscal and administrative changes that have taken place since the early 1970s and discusses the practical, professional and managerial implications of the controversial rate capping legislation.