bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malondialdehyde Meningkatkan Tingkat Antigen Khusus Prostat di Antara Pekerja Bengkel Mobil
Authors: Roestijawati Nendyah , Wibowo Yudhi
Published: May 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the environmental factors that can cause prostate cancer. Cadmium can induces metallothionein (MT) in several tissues that functions to carry out an intracellular detoxification procession by binding to Cd. Exposure of Cd can cause an increase in reactive oxygen species which will cause lipid peroxidation with the end product being malondialdehyde (MDA). The research aims to determine the correlation between MT, MDA and prostate specific antigen (PSA) among auto body repair workers. The study used a cross sectional design involving 32 auto body repair workers and their ages ranged from 18 to 66 years. Measurement of MT, MDA and PSA using the ELISA method. We performed a multiple regression analysis to evaluate the relationships between MT, MDA with PSA for age and other covariates. The mean age of subjects was 38.88 ± 12.82 years. The mean levels of MT was 2.84 ± 1.18 ng/dL, MDA was 8.22 ± 20.06 ng / dL and PSA was 0.86 ± 1.79 ng / dL. The study found that MT (β = 0,232; 95% C.I. 0,202 – 0,503; p= <0,001) and MDA (β = 0.827; 95% CI. 0.065 – 0,083; p=<0,001) significantly predicted PSA. MDA (β = 0.827) has stronger relationship with PSA compared to MT (β =0.232). This results confirmed the role of MT and MDA on PSA synthesis. Metallothionein induce the process of lipid peroxidation with the end product being malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase PSA. Keywords : auto body repair workers, metallothionein, malondialdehyde, prostate

Abstrak Kadmium (Cd) merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan yang dapat menyebabkan kanker porstat. Kadmium dapat menginduksi metalotionin (MT) di beberapa jaringan yang akan berikatan dengan Cd untuk proses detoksifikasi. Pajanan Cd dapat meningkatkan ROS yang akan meyebabkan terjadinya peroksidase lipid dengan hasil akhir malondialdehid (MDA). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara MT, MDA dan PSA pada pekerja bengkel mobil. Penelitian menggunakan disain kros seksional dengan subyek sebanyak 32 pekerja bengkel mobil yang berusia 18 hingga 66 tahun. Pengukuran MT, MDA dan PSA menggunakan metode ELISA. Analisis statistik menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Rata-rata usia subyek adalah 38.88 ± 12.82 tahun. Rata-rata kadar MT 2.84 ± 1.18 ng/dL, MDA 8.22 ± 20.06 ng / dL dan PSA 0.86 ± 1.79 ng / dL. Hasil uji didapatkan MT (β = 0,232; 95% C.I. 0,202 – 0,503; p= <0,001) dan MDA (β = 0.827; 95% CI. 0.065 – 0,083; p=<0,001) berpengaruh terhadap PSA secara signifikan. MDA (β = 0.827) mempunyai hubungan dengan PSA yang lebih kuat dibanding MT (β =0.232). Hasil penelitian mengkonfirmasi adanya peran MT dan MDA pada sintesis PSA. MT menginduksi proses peroksidase lipid dengan produk akhir MDA dan meningkatkan kadar PSA. Kata kunci : pekerja bengkel mobil, metalotionin, malondialdehid, prostat
Primeras páginas 13(1)
Authors: Research Journal UNED
Published: May 2021

Primeras páginas 13(1) Junio 2021
Climate controls on water chemistry states and dynamics in rivers across Australia
Authors: Lintern Anna , Liu Shuci , Minaudo Camille , Dupas Rémi , Guo Danlu , zhang kefeng , Bende-Michl Ulrike , Duvert Clément
Published: May 2021

We need to understand spatial variability in the mean concentrations and
dynamics of riverine water quality for effective water quality
management. Using river chemistry data for up to 578 locations across
the Australian continent, we assessed the impact of climate zones on (i)
interannual mean concentration and (ii) river chemistry dynamics as
represented by constituent export regimes (ratio of the coefficients of
variation of concentration and discharge) and export patterns (slope of
the concentration-discharge relationship). We found that interannual
mean concentrations vary significantly by climate zones. However, export
regimes and patterns are generally consistent across climate zones. This
suggests that intrinsic properties of individual constituents rather
than catchment properties determine export regimes and patterns. The
spatially consistent river chemistry dynamics highlights the potential
to predict riverine water quality across the Australian continent, which
will support national riverine water quality management.
First report of rheumatoid arthritis and secondary Sjögren’s syndrome complicated with heart failure
Authors: Hao Shuai
Published: May 2021

A 70-year-old female patient with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
secondary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) didn’t use long-term hormone and
rheumatic immune drugs for treatment, had hyponatremia and chloremia,
lacked outdoor exercise, and ultimately led to heart failure.
Think globally, measure locally: The MIREN standardized protocol for monitoring species distributions along elevation gradients
Authors: Haider Sylvia , Lembrechts Jonas , McDougall Keith , Pauchard Anibal , Alexander Jake M. , Barros Agustina , Cavieres Lohengrin , Rashid Irfan , Rew Lisa , Aleksanyan Alla , Sierra José Arevalo , Aschero Valeria , Chisholm Chelsea , Clark Vincent Ralph , Clavel Jan , Daehler Curtis , Dar Pervaiz , Dietz Hansjoerg , Dimarco Romina , Edwards Peter , Essl Franz , Fuentes-Lillo Eduardo , Guisan Antoine , Gwate Onalenna , Hargreaves Anna , Jakobs Gabi , Jiménez Alejandra , Kardol Paul , Küffer Cristoph , Larson Christian , Lenoir Jonathan , Lenzner Bernd , Mederos Miguel Padrón , Mihoc Maritza , Milbau Ann , Morgan John , Müllerová Jana , Naylor Bridgett , Nijs Ivan , Nuñez Martin , Otto Rüdiger , Payne Davnah , Preuk Niels , Backes Amanda Ratier , RESHI ZAFAR A. , Rumpf Sabine , Sandoya Verónica , Schroder Mellesa , Speziale Karina , Valencia Graciela , Vandvik Vigdis , Vítková Michaela , Vorstenbosch Tom , Walker Tom , Walsh Neville , Wright Genevieve , Zong Shengwei , Seipel Tim
Published: May 2021

Climate change and other global change drivers threaten plant diversity
in mountains worldwide. A widely documented response to such
environmental modifications is for plant species to change their
elevational ranges. Range shifts are often idiosyncratic and difficult
to generalize, partly due to variation in sampling methods. There is
thus a need for a standardized monitoring strategy that can be applied
across mountain regions to assess distribution changes and community
turnover of native and non-native plant species over space and time.
Here, we present a conceptually intuitive and standardized protocol
developed by the Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN) to
systematically quantify global patterns of native and non-native species
distributions along elevation gradients and shifts arising from
interactive effects of climate change and human disturbance. Usually
repeated every five years, surveys consist of 20 sample sites located at
equal elevation increments along three replicate roads per sampling
region. At each site, three plots extend from the side of a mountain
road into surrounding natural vegetation. The protocol has been
successfully used in 18 regions worldwide from 2007 to present. Analyses
of one point in time already generated some salient results, and
revealed region-specific elevational patterns of native plant species
richness, but a globally consistent elevational decline in non-native
species richness. Non-native plants were also more abundant directly
adjacent to road edges, suggesting that disturbed roadsides serve as a
vector for invasions into mountains. From the upcoming analyses of time
series even more exciting results especially about range shifts can be
expected. Implementing the protocol in more mountain regions globally
would help to generate a more complete picture of how global change
alters species distributions. This would inform conservation policy in
mountain ecosystems, where some conservation policies remain poorly
implemented.
Evaluate the impact of hydrodynamic pressure on hydrologic exchange fluxes and resident time for a large-scale river section over a long-term period
Authors: Bao Jie , Chen Yunxiang , Fang Yilin , Song Xuehang , Perkins William , Duan Zhuoran , Ren Huiying , Hou Zhangshuan , Richmond Marshall , He Xiaoliang , Scheibe Timothy
Published: May 2021

Quantifying hydrologic exchange fluxes (HEF) and subsurface water
residence times (RT) are important for managing the water quality and
ecosystem health in dynamic river corridor systems. Laboratory-scale
experiments and models have shown that hydrodynamic pressure variations
on the riverbed induced by dynamic river flows can strongly impact HEFs
and RTs. In this study, the impacts of hydrodynamic pressure on HEFs and
RT for a 30 km section of the Columbia River in Washington State over a
three-year period were quantitatively evaluated using a coupled
transient three-dimensional (3D) multi-phase surface and subsurface
water flow transport approach. Based on comparisons between model
simulations with and without considering hydrodynamic pressure, we found
that hydrodynamic pressure increase the net HEFs by 7% of flowing into
river from subsurface domain, and also leads to a reduction of the area
with long RT, and increase of area with short RT.
Blastomycosis-like pyoderma in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Sahli Fatma , Litaiem Noureddine , Gara Soumaya , Charfi Olfa , Rammeh soumaya , Zeglaoui Faten
Published: May 2021

Bastomycosis-like pyoderma is a rare skin disorder most commonly caused
by bacterial infection. It is usually diagnosed in immunocompromised
patients. We report a case of BLP in an immunocompetent woman, who
presented with a 6-week history of verrucous cutaneous plaque of the
left wrist.
Novel mutations of TYK2 leading to divergent clinical phenotypes
Authors: Lv Ge , Sun Gan , Wu Peilin , Du Xiao , Zeng Ting , Wen Wen , Zhou Lina , An Yun-Fei , Tang Xue-Mei , He Tingyan , Zhao Xiao-dong , Du Hongqiang
Published: May 2021

Background: TYK2 deficiency is a rare Primary immunodeficiency disease
caused by loss of function mutations of TYK2 gene, which is initially
proposed as a subset of Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES). However, accumulating
evidence suggest TYK2 deficient patients do not necessarily present with
HIES characteristics, indicating a vacuum of knowledge on the exact
roles of TYK2 in human immune system. Method: Pathogenic effects of
patients were confirmed by qRT-PCR, western blot and protein stability
assays. The responses to cytokines including IFN-α/β/γ, IL-6, IL-10,
IL12 and IL-23 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these
patients were detected by western blot, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. The
differentiation of T and B cells were detected by flow cytometry.
Results: We describe five more TYK2 deficient cases presenting with or
without hyper IgE levels, atopy and distinct pathogen infection profile,
which are caused by novel TYK2 mutations. These mutations were all found
by high throughout sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The
patients showed heterogenous responses to various cytokine treatments,
including IFN-α/β/γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL12 and IL-23. The homeostasis of
lymphocytes is also disrupted. Conclusion: Based on our findings, we
propose that TYK2 works as a multi-tasker in orchestrating various
cytokines signaling pathways, differentially combined defects of which
account for the expressed clinical manifestations.
TRAF3IP2 variants in a child with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis- keeping an open mind!
Authors: Lobo Pilar Blanco , Lei Wei-Te , Pelham Simon , Hernández Paloma Guisado , Villaoslada Isabel , Felipe Beatriz de , Lucenas Jose , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Olbrich Peter , Puel Anne , Neth Olaf
Published: May 2021

Background: Inherited chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is often
caused by inborn errors of immunity, impairing the response to, or the
production of IL-17A and IL-17F. About half of the cases carry STAT1
gain-of-function (GOF) mutations. Only few patients have been reported
with mutations of TRAF3IP2, a gene encoding the adaptor ACT1 essential
for IL-17-receptor(R) -signaling. We investigated a 10-year-old girl
with CMC, carrying a heterozygous variant of STAT1 and compound
heterozygous variants of TRAF3IP2. Methods: By flow cytometry STAT1
levels and phosphorylation (CD14+) as well as IL-17A-, IL-22-, IFN-γ-
and IL-4-production (memory CD4+ T cells) were determined. ACT1
expression and binding to IL-17RA by western blot and
co-immunoprecipitation in HEK-293T cells transfected with plasmids
encoding wild-type or mutant HA-tagged ACT1 and Flag-IL-17RA. We
evaluated IL-17A response using an NF-κB-driven luciferase reporter
system in HEK-293T cells, and by measuring GRO-α secretion by
fibroblasts. Results: A likely non-pathogenic STAT1 variant
(c.1363G>A/p.V455I) was identified by next generation
sequencing., STAT1 expression and phosphorylation upon IFN- were
normal. We also found compound heterozygous variants
(c.1325A>G/p.D451G and c.1335delA/p.K454fs11*) of TRAF3IP2.
By overexpression, despite normal protein expression, and impaired
(K454fs11*) or normal (D451G) interaction with IL-17RA, both mutant
alleles resulted in an impaired NF-κB-activation. Patient’s fibroblasts
displayed abolished GRO-α secretion upon IL-17A. Finally, ex vivo CD4+ T
cells showed increased IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-4, and normal-low IFN-γ
expression upon stimulation. Conclusion: We identify novel compound
heterozygous variants of TRAFP3IP2 causing autosomal recessive ACT1
deficiency in a child with CMC, and provide a review of the current
literature.
Adaptive hybrid steepest descent algorithms involving an inertial extrapolation term for split monotone variational inclusion problems
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Tan Bing , Li Songxiao
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we discuss the split monotone variational inclusion
problem and propose two new inertial algorithms in infinite-dimensional
Hilbert spaces. As well as, the iterative sequence by the proposed
algorithms converges strongly to the solution of a certain variational
inequality with the help of the hybrid steepest descent method.
Furthermore, an adaptive step size criterion is considered in suggested
algorithms to avoid the difficulty of calculating the operator norm.
Finally, some numerical experiments show that our algorithms are
realistic and summarize the known results.
Spatial diffusion of COVID-19: An econometric-based approach.
Authors: Devarakonda Phani , Sadasivuni Ravi , Wu Jianhong , Shaw David
Published: May 2021

An understanding of how infected-susceptible populations interact is
critical to identify underlying causal factors and disease transmission
patterns of infectious diseases. Disease transmission patterns are
dynamic, non-linear, and spatially complex. This anisotropic
characteristic of disease spread necessitates the ideal solution to be
sensitive to the geographic context. A Spatial Diffusion Model (SDM) to
predict interaction potential and COVID-19 risk probability is developed
by adapting the Newtonian gravity model. This novel approach overcomes
the limitations of existing epidemiological studies by characterizing
the behavioral patterns of the infected population to model the
spatiotemporal transmission of disease across the geographic space. The
proposed model is robust as it couples a multicriteria behavioral
pattern to enhance predictive capability. The model shows an 83.74%
correlation with the observational COVID-19 case data. The highest risk
patterns for COVID-19 are predicted in the neighborhoods of New York
City (NYC), exhibiting clustered socioeconomic disparities along with
racial and ethnic heterogeneity. Policymakers can use these results to
identify neighborhoods at high risk for becoming hot spots; efficiently
match community resources with needs, and ensure that the most
vulnerable have access to equipment, personnel, and medical
interventions. This study emphasizes the need for improved spatial
epidemiological models including enhanced depictions of human activity
patterns and the need to integrate spatial data with advanced
mathematical models.
Fluoride ion conductivity of solid solutions KxPb0.86-xSn1.14F4-x
Authors: Pohorenko Yuliia , Pshenychnyi Roman , Pavlenko Tamara , Omel’chuk Anatoliy , Trachevskyi Volodymyr
Published: May 2021

The electrical conductivity of solid solutions with tetragonal syngony formed in 0.86(xKF?(1?x)PbF2)?1.14SnF2 systems has been studied by 19F- -NMR and impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the Pb0.86Sn1.14F4 phase is characterized by better values of fluoride-ion conductivity than the ?-PbSnF4 compound. It was found that the substitution of Pb2+ by K+ up to ? = 0.07 in the structure of Pb0.86Sn1.14F4 contributes to increase in electrical conductivity by an order of magnitude relative to the original Pb0.86Sn1.14F4. The sample of composition K0.03Pb0.83Sn1.14F3.97 has the highest electrical conductivity (?600 = = 0.38 S cm-1, ?330 = 0.01 S cm-1). The fluoride anions in the synthesized samples of KxPb0.86-xSn1.14F4-x solid solutions occupy three structurally nonequivalent positions. It is shown that with increasing temperature, there is a redistribution of fluorine anions between positions in the anion lattice, which results in an increase in the concentration of highly mobile fluoride ions, which determine the electrical conductivity of the samples.
Characteristics and Implications of Long-Term Earnings Guidance
Authors: Call Andrew C. , Esplin Adam M. , Miao Bin
Published: May 2021

We examine a form of voluntary disclosure that has received limited attention to date, namely, managers' long-term guidance for earnings three to five years in advance. We identify 1,739 long-term earnings forecasts issued by 295 unique firms from 2000 to 2012 and find that relative to firms that issue only short-term earnings guidance, those that also issue long-term guidance are larger, have more certain operating environments, and are followed by analysts who are more likely to issue long-term growth forecasts. Long-term guidance is informative to investors and analysts incorporate the news contained in these forecasts into their own long-term growth forecasts. We also document that the issuance of long-term guidance is associated with more (less) investor focus on long-term (short-term) earnings news. Last, we find mixed evidence on the association between long-term guidance and real earnings management decisions. Our study adds to the literature on managers' voluntary disclosure choices.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: G17; M41.
Do Quarterly and Annual Financial Statements Reflect Similar Financial Statement Error in the Post-SOX Era?
Authors: Boyle Erik S. , Lewis-Western Melissa F. , Seidel Timothy A.
Published: May 2021

The U.S. has invested substantial resources into the regulation and oversight of public-company financial reporting. While these investments should incentivize high-quality reporting among quarterly and annual financial statements, the sharp rise in public company auditor oversight may disproportionately benefit annual reports given the fiscal year-centric nature of audits. We compare the within company-year difference in financial statement error between quarterly and annual financial reports and examine how any difference changed following SOX. We find that pre-SOX error is lower for audited financial statements than for reviewed financial statements and that this difference increases following SOX. Additional tests suggest that elevated auditor oversight, rather than managerial incentives, is the impetus for the change. Despite regulatory investment designed to incentivize the production of high-quality quarterly and annual financial statements, the post-SOX difference in error between quarterly and annual financial statements appears to have increased.

Data Availability: Data are available from public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42.
Vegetation fires in temperate upland heaths: environmental impacts, recovery, and management implications
Authors:   , Harper Ashleigh R
Published: May 2021

The impacts of wildfires are diverse and highly variable dependent on location, habitat type, site conditions and fire severity. Wildfire impact research is however, limited across large areas of the UK presenting an issue for the creation of effective site-specific management planning in a number of areas and habitat types. To address this issue in the Brecon Beacons National Park (south Wales), research was conducted assessing post-fire: i) vegetation community composition; ii) soil physical and chemical properties; iii) ash chemical composition and toxicity. The primary conclusions from this research suggests vegetation community composition and soil physicochemical properties are able to recover relatively rapidly to long unburnt conditions (>11-years and >3-years, respectively) following wildfire events in dry heaths with shallow organic soils. The fast rates of post-fire vegetation recovery across the assessed sites are likely due to the species-poor, dwarf-shrub dominated, pre-fire conditions reducing the time required for the vegetation community to return to this low species diversity. Soil physicochemical properties showed limited impact from the fires, likely due to the high moisture retention of the surface organic soil layer having resulted in limited soil heating and depth penetration. Wider environmental concerns are raised by the ash composition, which showed remarkably high concentrations of potentially toxic substances such as, metallic elements (e.g. Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn and As) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), compared to ash from other environments and vegetation types. These conclusions pose important questions about the future of temperate heaths, the priorities of future upland management and highlight numerous areas for further research.
MULTIPURPOSE MEASUREMENT MODELS FOR ADJUSTMENT BY THE LEAST-SQUARES METHOD
Authors:   State Enterprise “Ukrmetrteststandard”, Kuzmenko Iuriy , Samoilenko O. M. ,   Research and Production Institute SE “UKRMETRTESTSTANDART”, Tsiporenko Serhiy ,   State Enterprise “Ukrmetrteststandard”
Published: May 2021

The development of multipurpose measurement models is the precondition for software development for simultaneous adjustment of the large scope and complicated combinations of the measurement results by the least-squares method. Multipurpose measurement models for software can be a helpful tool for processing the final measurement results provided by different measurement methods applying the mentioned software; processing the measurement results of measurement standards comparisons, interlaboratory comparison, and calibration procedures; estimating the additive and multiplicative systematic components of measurement errors and their uncertainty; processing complicated combinations by binding or linking up of the interlaboratory comparison and calibration results in the time; simultaneous processing of the measurement results obtained by various methods e.g. by the method of direct measurements and comparisons; fast-changing the multipurpose measurement models from linear to non-linear type. Processing of the results by software based on the multipurpose measurement model algorithm can help to established a comprehensive measurement traceability network by pooling the single traceability chains.
DIELECTRIC DISSIPATION FACTOR IN THREE-CORE POWER CABLES
Authors:   National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kostiukov Ivan
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of components of variance of the results of measurements of dielectric dissipation factor of insulation layers between the conductive elements of the construction of three core power cables with paper impregnated insulation in a common sheath. The analysis of components of variance was carried out by applying presented relations for the direct calculation of the dielectric dissipation factor. The accuracy of presented relations for the calculation of variance components was verified. The results of carried out analysis have shown that the variance of the dielectric dissipation factor measurements is mostly determined by the variances of multiplication of measurements of aggregate values of dielectric dissipation factor and coefficients depending on the partial capacitances of tested three core cable.
An historical perspective on the development of forest planning models with emphasis on operational level
Authors: dos Santos P. V. D. , Silva A. , Augustynczik A. , Arce J.
Published: May 2021

The application of operations research techniques has led to a substantial improvement in the economic and ecologic efficiency of forest management, both for planted and natural forests. Forest planning addresses problems in different hierarchical levels that involve specific planning horizons and formulation complexity. This study proposes an historical perspective on the development of forest planning models in the last five decades, with a focus on the operational level. The emergence of operations research applied to forest planning problems can be dated back to the 60’s, with an intensification of this line of research on the 80’s and 90’s, accompanying the fast development on the available computing power. In the 90’s, forest planning problems started to be classified according to hierarchical levels in strategic, tactical and operational. While the strategic and tactical levels address decisions on the long- and medium-term, the operational level deals with short-term decisions, typically involving harvesting machinery allocation and transportation of forest products. In this sense, the operational planning is characterized by a high level of complexity of the planning models and economic importance to forest management. We conclude that despite the increasing number of publications related to forest planning, the operational level remains underrepresented and efforts to integrate decisions across the different hierarchical levels of forest planning are required.
PRAKTIK INCOME SMOOTHING PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI BEI
Authors: Sumani Sumani , Roziq Ahmad , Annisa Widyastuti
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
 
The research objective is to examine the practice of income smoothing with several explanatory variables, namely: cash holding, political cost, profitability, and the board of commissioners. Income smoothing is an effort to normalize profits with the hope of increasing the company's market return. There are indications that agricultural sector companies are doing income smoothing. The population in this study were all agricultural sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2014-2019 period, with a purposive sampling technique, the number of samples used was 16 agricultural sector companies. Furthermore, the number of observed data was 96 data (6 years of observation in 16 agricultural sector companies). Methods of data analysis using logistic regression with α = 5% and α = 10%. The results showed that cash holding and profitability had no significant effect on income smoothing practices, both at α = 5% and α = 10%, but the political cost had a significant positive effect and the board of commissioners had a significant negative effect on income smoothing practices in agricultural sector companies. The implication of income smoothing practice with several explanatory variables can maintain the stability of the company's financial performance and will become an attraction for interested parties, however, income smoothing practise must go through supervision and consider some of the advice given by the board of commissioners.
 
Key words: cash holding, board of commissioners, income smoothing, political cost, profitability
 
ABSTRAK
 
Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menelaah praktik income smoothing dengan beberapa variabel penjelas, yaitu: cash holding, political cost, profitabilitas, dan dewan komisaris. Income smoothing merupakan upaya normalisasi laba dengan harapan untuk meningkatkan market return perusahaan.  Perusahaan sektor pertanian terindikasi melakukan income smoothing. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan sektor pertanian yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2014-2019, dengan teknik purposive sampling, maka jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 16 perusahaan sektor pertanian.  Selanjutnya jumlah data yang diobservasi sebanyak 96 data (6 tahun pengamatan pada 16 perusahaan sektor pertanian). Metode analisis data dengan regresi logistik dengan α = 5% dan α = 10%. Hasil penelitian bahwa cash holding dan profitabilitas berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap praktik income smoothing, baik pada α = 5% dan α = 10%, namun political cost berpengaruh signifikan positif dan dewan komisaris berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap praktik income smoothing perusahaan sektor pertanian. Implikasi praktik income smoothing dengan beberapa variabel penjelas dapat menjaga stabiitas kinerja keuangan perusahaan dan akan menjadi daya tarik bagi pihak-pihak yang bekepentingan, namun praktik income smoothing harus melalui pengawasan dan mempertimbangkan beberapa nasihat yang diberikan dewan komisaris.
 
Kata kunci: cash holding, dewan komisaris, income smoothing, political cost, profitabilitas
GOVERNMENT’S FEAR OF NEWSPAPERS IN RUSSIA AND FRANCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors: Blokhin V. F.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to one of the measures of administrative influence on the publishers of periodicals in the form of a ban on the retail sale of newspapers and magazines in the imperial Russia and France. The author argues that this policy was introduced in Russia due to adoption of foreign experience of direct and indirect censorship, especially the French experience. So, the article seeks to access the difference between the original approach of the French empire and the Russian version of the policy. Also the article bridges the gap between the current Russian historiography and the existing archive materials with help of discourse analysis and comparative method. First, the author reviews the literature on Russian and French censorship in the second half of XIX century. This allows us to describe the original policy motives of leadership in France in area of media coverage and censorship. Second, the author presents some comparative parallels in the particular area of study of censorship and its institutional basis. Using official documents, data on discussions of the alleged measures and the reasons for their introduction, author shows features of approaches of the Russian Ministry of internal Affairs and a member of his censorship Departmen t to highligh t the key issues of social development, to enhance the effectiveness of state censorship policy. The article gives the significant boost towards new approaches in research of indirect censorship in Russia and France as well as the role models for such a policy. Also the article allows us to reconsider the diffusionist paradigm with regard to state's policy experience circulation between European empires and their reaction to the emergence of modern media.
Belonging and Mattering in the First-Year Welcome Experience: A Comparison Study Before and During COVID-19.
Authors: Ling Ning  , Kimberly Kruchen  , Crystal Cyr
Published: May 2021

Institutions value knowledge about programs and services that are most effective at enhancing the collegiate experience, particularly sense of belonging and mattering for their students. The knowledge has become more pivotal due to the COVID-19 pandemic impact and as a result, the transitioning of most programs and services to a virtual environment. This study employs machine learning methods to analyze Fall Welcome survey data from Fall 2019 and Fall 2020. The purposes are threefold: 1) identify, rank, and contrast the top contributors to sense of belonging and mattering; 2) to understand quantitatively the impact of the pandemic on students’ welcoming experience; 3) to introduce and review an AI leveraged analytical visualization tool for key influencer analysis. Results indicated there has been a sharp decline in students’ connection, belonging, and mattering from fall 2019 to fall 2020 due to the pandemic. The opportunities to build connections, have an overall positive move-in experience and welcome experience are the three most common and significant contributors to students’ high level of belonging and mattering.
The St. Louis Crisis in the Canadian Press: New Data on the June 1939 Incident
Authors: Anctil Pierre , Comeau Alexandre
Published: May 2021

Starting in late May 1939, a humanitarian crisis developed when some 900 German Jews were denied the use of prearranged Cuban temporary immigration permits in the port of Havana after having arrived on board of the MS St. Louis, a luxury German liner. The event soon attracted much media attention because of its dramatic character and negotiations immediately began to find a safe haven for the stranded passengers elsewhere on the Atlantic seacoast. Eventually, after a few days, all efforts in this respect failed and the captain of the MS St. Louis, Gustav Schröder, was forced to contemplate bringing his human cargo back to Western Europe where four countries allowed the passengers to disembark. This article discusses the involvement of the Canadian government and media in this crisis, and the role that the Mackenzie-King cabinet played in denying the German Jewish refugees any hope of being welcomed in the country. Of particular interest here is the fact that the Canadian public was not well informed of the fate of the St. Louis passengers, in either official language, and that largely for this reason no serious pressure was put on the government to bring a different resolution of the crisis.

À la fin du mois de mai 1939, une crise humanitaire est apparue quand quelque 900 Juifs allemands, arrivés à bord du paquebot le Saint-Louis, n’ont pu bénéficier dans le port de La Havane de permis d’immigration temporaires cubains déjà émis. L’événement n’a pas tardé à attirer beaucoup d’attention de la part des médias par son côté dramatique et des négociations ont immédiatement été lancées afin de trouver sur la côte atlantique un autre port d’accueil pour les réfugiés apatrides. Après quelques jours, le capitaine du navire, Gustav Schröder a toutefois dû se résoudre à regagner l’Europe de l’Ouest, où quatre pays ont accepté de prendre en charge les passagers. Cet article s’intéresse au rôle joué par le gouvernement et par les médias canadiens dans cette crise, et en particulier au fait qu’aucun geste concret n’ait été fait pour accueillir les réfugiés juifs au pays. L’auteur porte une attention spéciale au fait que le sort des passagers du Saint-Louis n’ait pas fait l’objet de reportages dans les journaux canadiens, dans aucune des langues officielles, et que pour cette raison le cabinet de Mackenzie-King a senti peu de pression de la part des citoyens canadiens pour trouver une résolution différente à la crise.
Special Issue Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Ayhan Ulubelen (1931-2020) Rec. Nat. Prod. (2021) 15:6 ; 0 - 0
Authors: Topcu Gulacti
Published: May 2021

Prof. Dr. Ayhan Ulubelen who is one of the pioneers and a world-wide recognized authority in Natural Products Chemistry, has passed away on 29 November 2020 in Istanbul.
On interaction between prosecutors and specialists in the exercise of powers to detect violations of laws outside the criminal law sphere
Authors: Kocheva Darina Viktorovna
Published: May 2021

The subject of this research is the public relations established in exercising of such a power by the prosecutor on detection of violations of laws outside the criminal law sphere as the right to demand from the policy makers and other officials “supervised” to the prosecutor's office the allocation of specialists. Findings of the experts in the material form are in demand among the law enforcement officers in different spheres of social life, including due to their evidentiary potential. The relevance of this research is defined by the fact that the scholars and practicing legal experts have accumulated a range of questions to the legal status of a specialist in the Russian legislation, which also pertains to the prosecutor's activity. The novelty consists in the author’s substantiation of the need to improve legal regulation of the corresponding legal relations based on comparison of the norms that regulate the mechanism of cooperation between specialists and prosecutors in supervision by the latter of compliance with laws, rights and freedoms of human and citizens, analysis of theoretical groundwork on the topic, and personal practical experience in the prosecutor's office. The article reveals the gaps in the existing legal regulation. This work may be valuable for the practitioners of the prosecutor's office, as well as bodies “supervised” to the prosecutor's office, scholars in the area of prosecutor's activity, legal experts, students, and postgraduates.
Current Opinion Regarding Multidisciplinary Cancer Clinic Utilization for the Management of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lama Daniel J. , Kasson Matthew , Hoge Connor , Guan Tian , Rao Marepalli , Struve Timothy , Verma Sadhna , Sidana Abhinav
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

Multidisciplinary cancer clinic (MDC) is an evaluation option for the management of prostate cancer (PCa). The purpose of MDC is to provide the patient with a comprehensive assessment and risk/benefit discussion of all pertinent treatment options. Our objective was to obtain a contemporary measure and analysis of urologists’ opinion regarding PCa MDC.

Material and Methods:

We created a 14-item questionnaire for respondent baseline characteristics, subjective and objective inquiries regarding MDC for PCa management. The survey was distributed through email to members of the Society of Urologic Oncology and the Endourological Society. Data were analyzed using R (R Core team, 2017).

Results:

One hundred and seven (51%) respondents reported participation in MDC; the majority of which were male (97.6%), academic (61.4%) urologists with urologic oncology fellowship training (50%), and >20 years in practice (40.3%). MDC patients were most commonly referrals (78.5%) and with high-risk disease (Gleason sum 8–10) (83.2%). A majority of the respondents felt that MDC was very or extremely beneficial for PCa research (45% and 19%, respectively) and treatment (35% and 20%, respectively). Responses dissuading the use of MDC included lack of infrastructure (41%) and time commitment (21%). On multivariate analysis, urologists with >10 years in practice were less likely to find MDC beneficial in the management of PCa (11–20 years, P = 0.028 and >20 years P = 0.009).

Conclusion:

A contemporary sampling of urologists’ opinion and practice patterns alludes to the benefits that advocate for and the resource demand that hinders routine use of MDC for PCa evaluation. Urologist training and practice environment can affect participation in PCa MDC.
Photocatalytic Cycloaddition Reaction of Triarylphosphines with Alkynes Forming Cyclic Phosphonium Salts
Authors: Masuda Yusuke , Ikeshita Daichi , Murakami Masahiro
Published: May 2021

Herein reported is a photocatalytic cycloaddition reaction of triarylphosphines with alkynes. Phosphonium salts of unique bicyclic structures are synthesized through a radical pathway under mild reaction conditions. The phosphonium salts are subjected to the Wittig olefination reaction to afford structurally interesting phosphine oxides.
Journalistic representation of women in the reportage of military operations against Boko Haram in Northeast Nigeriao Haram in Northeast Nigeria
Authors:   University of Port Harcourt, Ndinojuo Ben-Collins E.
Published: May 2021

The role of women in the reportage of military operations against the Boko Haram insurgents and their portrayal in news reports were investigated in this study. Radical Feminist Theory and Feminist Muted Group Theory were used to elucidate the research. Using content analysis, online editions of four Nigerian newspapers―Daily Trust, Premium Times, The Nation, and Vanguard―from January 2014 to December 2016 were investigated to reveal how women were presented in news reports. Findings produced 185 news stories; women were included in 10 % of the total pictures used. Women made up 8 % of the bylines and 4% of the sources, with 59 % of the women mentioned in the news presented as kidnap and rescued victims. The study found an underrepresentation and misrepresentation of women in news reports, which were attributed to the male-dominated journalism field that preferred using their male sources to the detriment of issues affecting women.
El cine como metodología didáctica. Análisis sistemático de la literatura para un aprendizaje basado en el cine (ABC)
Authors:   Grupo Ciberimaginario (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos), Díaz Herrero Silvia , Gértrudix Barrio Manuel ,   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
Published: May 2021

El uso del cine en las aulas no es una propuesta novedosa, pero en la mayoría de las ocasiones se usa como recurso didáctico y no como una metodología capaz de vehicular un aprendizaje, de forma que pueda considerarse una metodología educativa en sí misma: el aprendizaje basado en el cine (ABC). Comenzar esta transformación requiere estudiar el estado del arte para buscar las experiencias previas en las que se haya utilizado el cine en las aulas. Mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura (artículos y libros publicados en español e inglés en los últimos veinte años) que aborda el uso del cine en el aula, se realiza una aproximación a las prácticas docentes documentadas para establecer cuáles son los rasgos distintivos que las caracterizan. No se han encontrado evidencias documentadas del uso del cine en el aula como metodología ni una correlación con la mejora en el rendimiento académico.
La telenovela brasileña y Mijaíl Bajtín: extraposición, autoría y géneros discursivos en análisis
Authors:   Grupo de Investigación en Lenguaje y Discurso de los Medios. Universidade de São Paulo, Lopes da Silva Anderson
Published: May 2021

Este ensayo aborda los conceptos de extraposición, autoría y géneros discursivos en el estudio de las telenovelas brasileñas. El melodrama Cordel encantado [Cuento encantado], producido y exhibido en el 2011 por la Rede Globo de Televisão, en Brasil, es el objeto empírico de análisis. A su vez, la lectura bajtiniana direcciona la discusión conceptual entre los principios de exceso de visión, autor-creador, autor-persona y géneros discursivos secundarios (todos ellos estudiados dentro del ámbito de la ficción televisiva). Como consideración final, es posible afirmar que el dialogismo de Mijaíl Bajtín (cuando está específicamente reubicado dentro de los medios masivos) revela cómo las ideas de autoría y discurso se resignifican en el complejo tejido melodramático de la telenovela brasileña.
El troleo en el esquema de las prácticas políticas
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Santander Herrera Rubén
Published: May 2021

En Chile, influyentes figuras públicas utilizan de forma creciente los medios para acusar a las redes sociales de constituir un peligro para la democracia y caracterizar a sus usuarios de intolerantes y destructivos. Este ensayo define aquella conducta, conocida como trolling o troleo, delimitando sus características constitutivas para situar el fenómeno como una práctica política independiente de la supuesta agenda de los troles, de una subcultura o de un momento histórico o tecnología específica. Para dar cuenta de la ubicuidad histórica del troleo, nos servimos de un texto periodístico de Karl Marx. A partir de la conceptualización de lo político de Rancière (2006) y de la crítica de Fraser (1999) a Habermas, sostenemos que la función del troleo es dar cuerpo a una pretensión de modificar el reparto de lo sensible mediante la imposición de nuevas oposiciones de términos, desplazando o socavando el encuadre de un discurso. En este sentido, es una práctica política potencialmente emancipatoria. El propósito de este ensayo no es valorar al troleo en términos éticos, sino situarlo con referencia a sus usos, posibilidades y relaciones, y sugerir criterios para juzgarlo como un objeto al cual es posible aproximarse desde la perspectiva de la comunicación política.
MYTH OF EUROPEAN DARK AGE (5TH-15TH CENTURY) SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE STAGNATION: CRITICAL STUDIES OF SCIENTIFIC IDEA INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE LATE MEDIEVAL THEOLOGIAN AND EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHER
Authors: CHUNG-CHONG Jaw
Published: May 2021

Within common historical context, most historians consider the European renaissance age as age of origins of modern scientific knowledge, also, they assume European Medieval Age (5th-15th centuries) as age full with scientific knowledge ignorant. This research paper gives important historical review about interactions of scientific idea between the late medieval theologian and early modern philosopher. However, most previous research was more emphasized on scientific knowledge development during the age of renaissance and age of enlightenment without considering the contribution of early medieval age theologian. By examining this historically event with critical review, I do give some clarification to such pervasive myth by using qualitative research methodologies, which involving analyst of historical facts from primary resources and secondary resources such as archives, journals, book chapters, and published research paper. This research challenges the argument that scientific knowledge development only happened since renaissance age. In the comparatives studies, I found out that early medieval theologian, from William of Ockham to Gabriel Biel, who did played an important role of influencing early modern philosopher, Rene Descartes to David Hume, with scientific ideas. Such finding does give a significant clarification to the myth of medieval Europe scientific knowledge stagnation in modern historical debate
Distance-based edge detection on synthetic aperture radar imagery
Authors: Nascimento ADC , Silva KF , Frery Alejandro
Published: May 2021

Synthetic aperture radar is an efficient remote sensing tool by producing high spacial resolution images. But, synthetic aperture radar data suffer speckle noise effect that difficult their processing (for example, making boundary detection). We propose and assess edge detectors for synthetic aperture radar imagery based on stochastic distances between models.These edge detectors stem from generalized divergences with good asymptotic properties. Results reveal that divergence-based detectors can outperform the likelihood-based counterpart.
Otra calidad de la educación superior: comenzar a pensar en una educación para la vida
Authors: Ramírez Peña Luis Alfonso
Published: May 2021

Es una reflexión acerca del sentido de la educación y sus responsabilidades ante la sociedad. Sin embargo, se muestra cómo en los últimos tiempos, especialmente desde fines del siglo XX, por un nuevo enfoque de la producción económica, las instituciones educativas debieron acogerse a las políticas públicas de los gobiernos y de los organismos internaciones como la OCDE, el Banco Mundial, el FMI, convirtieron las instituciones educativas con las mismas condiciones de una empresa en la búsqueda del éxito al establecer parámetros para hacer seguimiento a la calidad. Como alternativas a estas consideraciones de la evaluación de la educación superior compartidas en diferentes países se presentan propuestas que no ven la educación como asunto de empresas y, más bien, se enfocan en la formación específica de las personas, entre las cuales se encuentran la educación para ser de E. Fromm, o el cuestionamiento al paradigma del aprendizaje como el pensamiento foucaultiano en Jodar, o el pensamiento de Ranciere, o el planteamiento de los pedagogo críticos que insisten en la formación crítica y liberadora de los estudiantes.