bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photon-generated carrier transfer process from graphene to quantum dots: optical evidences and ultrafast photonics applications
Authors: Wang X. , Li X. H. , Jiang C. , Brown C. T. A. , Ning J. Q. , Zhang K. , Yu Q. , Ge X. T. , Wang Q. J. , Zhang Z. Y.
Published: July 2020

Graphene/III–V semiconductor van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offer potential access to physics, functionalities, and superior performance of optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, the lack of a bandgap in graphene severely restricts the controllability of carrier properties and therefore impedes its applications. Here, we demonstrate the engineering of graphene bandgap in the graphene/GaAs heterostructure via C and Ga exchange induced by the method of femtosecond laser irradiation (FLI). The coupling of the bandgap-opened graphene with GaAs significantly enhances both the harvest of photons and the transfer of photon-generated carriers across the interface of vdW heterostructures. Thus, as a demonstration example, it allows us to develop a saturable absorber combining a delicately engineered graphene/GaAs vdW heterostructure with InAs quantum dots capped with short-period superlattices. This device exhibits significantly improved nonlinear characteristics including <1/3 saturation intensity and modulation depth 20 times greater than previously reported semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors. This work not only opens the route for the future development of even higher performance mode-locked lasers, but the significantly enhanced nonlinear characteristics due to doping-induced bandgap opening of graphene by FLI in the vdW heterostructures will also inspire wide applications in photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Titanium disulfide as Schottky/ohmic contact for monolayer molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Gao Junsen , Gupta Manisha
Published: July 2020

2D semiconductors like Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) still have issues in forming good metal electrode (Schottky and Ohmic) especially for mono layer (ML) to few layers thick due to strain and metallization issues. Here, we explore a 2D semi-metal, titanium disulfide (TiS2), for making different types of contacts with ML MoS2using density functional theory (DFT). It is observed that ML TiS2induces ML MoS2to become p-type with a doping density of 3.85 × 1017 cm−3which becomes larger with thicker TiS2. Thus, TiS2can thus be utilized as a variable contact material ohmic if the MoS2is p-type and as Schottky if the MoS2is n-type with a Schottky barrier height ranging from 0.3 to 1.35 eV. One of the important results from the study is that compared to a traditional metal–MoS2in a TiS2–MoS2contact the bandgap is preserved where in contrast, a traditional metal contact metalizes the monolayer MoS2and fill its bandgap with states. Hence, a clear path forward to make pristine contacts is to use 2D semi-metals in conjunction with 2D semiconductors.
Digitizing clinical trials
Authors: Inan O. T. , Tenaerts P. , Prindiville S. A. , Reynolds H. R. , Dizon D. S. , Cooper-Arnold K. , Turakhia M. , Pletcher M. J. , Preston K. L. , Krumholz H. M. , Marlin B. M. , Mandl K. D. , Klasnja P. , Spring B. , Iturriaga E. , Campo R. , Desvigne-Nickens P. , Rosenberg Y. , Steinhubl S. R. , Califf R. M.
Published: July 2020

Clinical trials are a fundamental tool used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new drugs and medical devices and other health system interventions. The traditional clinical trials system acts as a quality funnel for the development and implementation of new drugs, devices and health system interventions. The concept of a “digital clinical trial” involves leveraging digital technology to improve participant access, engagement, trial-related measurements, and/or interventions, enable concealed randomized intervention allocation, and has the potential to transform clinical trials and to lower their cost. In April 2019, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) held a workshop bringing together experts in clinical trials, digital technology, and digital analytics to discuss strategies to implement the use of digital technologies in clinical trials while considering potential challenges. This position paper builds on this workshop to describe the current state of the art for digital clinical trials including (1) defining and outlining the composition and elements of digital trials; (2) describing recruitment and retention using digital technology; (3) outlining data collection elements including mobile health, wearable technologies, application programming interfaces (APIs), digital transmission of data, and consideration of regulatory oversight and guidance for data security, privacy, and remotely provided informed consent; (4) elucidating digital analytics and data science approaches leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms; and (5) setting future priorities and strategies that should be addressed to successfully harness digital methods and the myriad benefits of such technologies for clinical research.
Control of protein palmitoylation by regulating substrate recruitment to a zDHHC-protein acyltransferase
Authors: Plain Fiona , Howie Jacqueline , Kennedy Jennifer , Brown Elaine , Shattock Michael J. , Fraser Niall J. , Fuller William
Published: July 2020

Although palmitoylation regulates numerous cellular processes, as yet efforts to manipulate this post-translational modification for therapeutic gain have proved unsuccessful. The Na-pump accessory sub-unit phospholemman (PLM) is palmitoylated by zDHHC5. Here, we show that PLM palmitoylation is facilitated by recruitment of the Na-pump α sub-unit to a specific site on zDHHC5 that contains a juxtamembrane amphipathic helix. Site-specific palmitoylation and GlcNAcylation of this helix increased binding between the Na-pump and zDHHC5, promoting PLM palmitoylation. In contrast, disruption of the zDHHC5-Na-pump interaction with a cell penetrating peptide reduced PLM palmitoylation. Our results suggest that by manipulating the recruitment of specific substrates to particular zDHHC-palmitoyl acyl transferases, the palmitoylation status of individual proteins can be selectively altered, thus opening the door to the development of molecular modulators of protein palmitoylation for the treatment of disease.
Non-disruptive collagen characterization in clinical histopathology using cross-modality image synthesis
Authors: Keikhosravi Adib , Li Bin , Liu Yuming , Conklin Matthew W. , Loeffler Agnes G. , Eliceiri Kevin W.
Published: July 2020

The importance of fibrillar collagen topology and organization in disease progression and prognostication in different types of cancer has been characterized extensively in many research studies. These explorations have either used specialized imaging approaches, such as specific stains (e.g., picrosirius red), or advanced and costly imaging modalities (e.g., second harmonic generation imaging (SHG)) that are not currently in the clinical workflow. To facilitate the analysis of stromal biomarkers in clinical workflows, it would be ideal to have technical approaches that can characterize fibrillar collagen on standard H&E stained slides produced during routine diagnostic work. Here, we present a machine learning-based stromal collagen image synthesis algorithm that can be incorporated into existing H&E-based histopathology workflow. Specifically, this solution applies a convolutional neural network (CNN) directly onto clinically standard H&E bright field images to extract information about collagen fiber arrangement and alignment, without requiring additional specialized imaging stains, systems or equipment.
Evolutionary history of zoogeographical regions surrounding the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Jiekun , Lin Siliang , Li Jiatang , Yu Jiehua , Jiang Haisheng
Published: July 2020

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) and surrounding regions have one of the most complex biotas on Earth. However, the evolutionary history of these regions in deep time is poorly understood. Here, we quantify the temporal changes in beta dissimilarities among zoogeographical regions during the Cenozoic using 4,966 extant terrestrial vertebrates and 1,278 extinct mammal genera. We identify ten present-day zoogeographical regions and find that they underwent a striking change over time. Specifically, the fauna on the TP was close to the Oriental realm in deep time but became more similar to the Palearctic realms more recently. The present-day zoogeographical regions generally emerged during the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (ca. 5 Ma). These results indicate that geological events such as the Indo-Asian Collision, the TP uplift, and the aridification of the Asian interior underpinned the evolutionary history of the zoogeographical regions surrounding the TP over different time periods.
A high-efficiency cathodic sodium nitroprusside/luminol/H2O2 electrochemiluminescence system in neutral media for the detection of sodium nitroprusside, glucose, and glucose oxidase
Authors: Fereja Tadesse Haile , Wang Chao , Liu Fangshuo , Guan Yiran , Xu Guobao
Published: July 2020

Sodium nitroprusside is first utilized to greatly enhance electrochemiluminescence in neutral media.
Structural elucidation of triacylglycerol using online acetone Paternò–Büchi reaction coupled with reversed-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Authors: Franklin Elissia T. , Xia Yu
Published: July 2020

The developed online RPLC-PB-MS/MS system allows large scale analysis of isomeric triacylglycerol lipids differing in CC locations.
Evolution of phosphorus–thioether ligands for asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Margalef Jèssica , Pàmies Oscar , Pericàs Miquel A. , Diéguez Montserrat
Published: July 2020

Recent strategies for creating chiral C–C and C–X bonds by asymmetric catalysis with new generations of improved P–S ligands.
Polymorphism in a π stacked Blatter radical: structures and magnetic properties of 3-(phenyl)-1-(pyrid-2-yl)-1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yl
Authors: Constantinides Christos P. , Lawson Daniel B. , Zissimou Georgia A. , Berezin Andrey A. , Mailman Aaron , Manoli Maria , Kourtellaris Andreas , Leitus Gregory M. , Clérac Rodolphe , Tuononen Heikki M. , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: July 2020

The first polymorphism example in Blatter radicals, is reported.
Vertically-aligned ZnO microrod for high-brightness light source
Authors: Miao Changzong , Jiang Mingming , Xu Haiying , Ji Jiaolong , Kan Caixia
Published: July 2020

ZnO-microrod array with well-aligned orientation prepared on p-GaN template can be utilized to construct high-performance near-ultraviolet emitters due to desired high optical quality and well-defined geometries.
Bulk (in)stability as a possible source of surface reconstruction
Authors: Figueras Marc , Jurado Anabel , Morales-García Ángel , Viñes Francesc , Illas Francesc
Published: July 2020

A density functional theory-based study shows that surface energy stabilization reconstruction mechanisms of transition metal carbides and nitrides occur when featuring a crystal structure different from most stable polymorph, and driven by its instablity.
Comparison of the effects of the catalyst preparation method and CeO2 morphology on the catalytic activity of Pt/CeO2 catalysts for the water-gas shift reaction
Authors: Lee Yeol-Lim , Mnoyan Anush , Na Hyun-Suk , Ahn Seon-Yong , Kim Kyoung-Jin , Shim Jae-Oh , Lee Kyubock , Roh Hyun-Seog
Published: July 2020

The key factors (Pt0 dispersion & oxygen vacancies) should maintain high values to attain high catalytic activity and they are directly affected by the morphology and the preparation method of the catalyst.
Transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones catalyzed using an aminophosphinite POCNH pincer complex of Ni(ii)
Authors: Segizbayev Medet , Öztopçu Özgür , Hayrapetyan Davit , Shakhman Dinmukhamed , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Khalimon Andrey Y.
Published: July 2020

(POCNH)NiBr catalyzes the transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones in iPrOH. The reactions tolerate alkenes, esters, amides, nitriles, and heterocycles and proceed via the metal–ligand cooperative mechanism through (POCN)NiII species.
Value addition and influence of succinylation levels on the quality of wild yam (Discorea villosa) starch
Authors: Raji Akeem Olayemi , Ismael Sofiat Damilola , Sani Maimuna , Raji Monsurat Oyewale , Adebayo Olubumi Florence
Published: July 2020

Recent increase in demand for starch in food applications has called for research into other new sources.
Correction: Development and characterisation of acoustofluidic devices using detachable electrodes made from PCB
Authors: Mikhaylov Roman , Wu Fangda , Wang Hanlin , Clayton Aled , Sun Chao , Xie Zhihua , Liang Dongfang , Dong Yinhua , Yuan Fan , Moschou Despina , Wu Zhenlin , Shen Ming Hong , Yang Jian , Fu Yongqing , Yang Zhiyong , Burton Christian , Errington Rachel J. , Wiltshire Marie , Yang Xin
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Development and characterisation of acoustofluidic devices using detachable electrodes made from PCB’ by Roman Mikhaylov et al., Lab Chip, 2020, 20, 1807–1814, DOI: 10.1039/C9LC01192G.
Covalent functionalization of boron nitride nanosheets via reductive activation
Authors: Sun Changjiu , Zhao Jian , Zhang Deli , Guo Hongge , Wang Xin , Hu Haiqing
Published: July 2020

Hexagonal boron nitride is well known for its unique structure and excellent physical properties, particularly in hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) with high potential in multiple technological applications.
Bidirectional tuning of phase transition properties in Pt : VO2nanocomposite thin films
Authors: He Zihao , Jian Jie , Misra Shikhar , Gao Xingyao , Wang Xuejing , Qi Zhimin , Yang Bo , Zhang Di , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan
Published: July 2020

Pt : VO2nanocomposite design to achieve bidirectional tuning of phase transformationviasize dependent work function of nanoparticles.
Rapid and high-concentration exfoliation of montmorillonite into high-quality and mono-layered nanosheets
Authors: Ding Zhengmao , Li Jie , Zhang Bowen , Luo Yunjun
Published: July 2020

Exfoliation time is significantly shortened from 120 to 3 min and yield reaches a record high value of 100 wt%.
Selective extraction and determination of aromatic amine metabolites in urine samples by using magnetic covalent framework nanocomposites and HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Yu Jingjing , Wang Bing , Cai Junlan , Yan Quanping , Wang Sheng , Zhao Ge , Zhao Junwei , Pan Lining , Liu Shaofeng
Published: July 2020

Purification and selective enrichment of ultra-low level metabolites in bio-samples is very important for HPLC-MS/MS analysis.
Electrochemical oxidation of resorcinol: mechanistic insights from experimental and computational studies
Authors: Ngamchuea Kamonwad , Tharat Bunrat , Hirunsit Pussana , Suthirakun Suwit
Published: July 2020

Resorcinol oxidation mechanism was investigated by DFT calculation and cyclic voltammetry experiments at macro- and micro-electrodes (1 ≤ pH ≤ 14).
Renewable resources for sustainable metallaelectro-catalysed C–H activation
Authors: Samanta Ramesh C. , Meyer Tjark H. , Siewert Inke , Ackermann Lutz
Published: July 2020

The merger of C–H activation with electrosynthesis, powered by renewable energies and resources, will guide towards a sustainable future.
Effect of metallacarborane salt H[COSANE] doping on the performance properties of polybenzimidazole membranes for high temperature PEMFCs
Authors: Olvera-Mancilla Jessica , Escorihuela Jorge , Alexandrova Larissa , Andrio Andreu , García-Bernabé Abel , del Castillo Luis Felipe , Compañ Vicente
Published: July 2020

The preparation and characterization of composite proton exchange membranes containing protonated cobaltacarborane H[Co(C2B9H11)2] names as H[COSANE] and different polybenzimidazole (PBI) for a high temperature PEMFC applications is reported.
Recent advances on porous interfaces for biomedical applications
Authors: Liang Jing , Li Bao , Wu Lixin
Published: July 2020

The recent achievements concerning porous structures are reviewed for the applications in biomedical-related systems due to their potential in the culture, proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation of cells, inhibition and separation of bacteria.
Reversible barocaloric effects over a large temperature span in fullerite C60
Authors: Li Junning , Dunstan David , Lou Xiaojie , Planes Antoni , Mañosa Lluís , Barrio María , Tamarit Josep-Lluís , Lloveras Pol
Published: July 2020

Giant reversible barocaloric effects at low pressures in a wide temperature span near room temperature in C60 for solid-state cooling.
γ-PGA hydrogel loaded with cell-free fat extract promotes the healing of diabetic wounds
Authors: Yin Mengting , Wang Xiangsheng , Yu Ziyou , Wang Yun , Wang Xiansong , Deng Mingwu , Zhao Danyang , Ji Shaowei , Jia Nengqing , Zhang Wenjie
Published: July 2020

Schematic of Ceffe–γ-PGA hydrogel treatment for diabetic wound healing.
Improving starch and fibre in wheat grain for human health
Authors: Shewry Peter R. , Hazard Brittany , Lovegrove Alison , Uauy Cristobal
Published: July 2020

Reducing the prevalence of diet-related diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, is a major challenge for health professionals, food manufacturers and governments in both developed and developing countries. Cereals are key targets in meeting this challenge as they are staple foods throughout the world and major sources of energy (derived principally from starch) and dietary fibre. Wheat is the staple cereal in the UK and Europe, and the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-supported Designing Future Wheat programme is focused on manipulating the content and composition of starch and fibre to improve health impacts, including reducing the glycaemic response and improving fermentation in the colon. This work is contributing to the development of improved cultivars by breeders and foods by processors. It is also increasing our understanding of the behaviour of these components in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and will contribute to the establishment of targets and recommendations for regulatory authorities.
Deep and CNN fusion method for binaural sound source localisation
Authors: Jiang Shilong , Wu Lulu , Yuan Peipei , Sun Yongheng , Liu Hong
Published: July 2020

In binaural sound source localisation, front–back confusion is often the challenging problem when localising sources in the noisy or reverberant environments. Hence, a novel algorithm fusing deep and convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to address this issue. First, joint features, which consist of interaural level differences (ILDs) and cross‐correlation function (CCF) within a lag range, are extracted from binaural signals. Second, with the extracted CCF–ILD features, CNN is used for the front–back classification task, while deep neural network is used for azimuth classification task. The front–back features extracted by the CNN can be leveraged as additional information for the sound source localisation task. Also, an angle‐loss function is designed to avoid the overfitting problem and to improve the generalisation ability of this method in adverse acoustic conditions. Finally, two branches are concatenated and then followed by an output layer, which generates the posterior probability of azimuth angles, and the azimuth corresponding to the maximum posterior probability is chosen as the direction of sound source. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the authors’ method for front–back decision and azimuth estimation in noisy and reverberant environments.
Synchronous multi‐kernel iterative dual heuristic programming with ℓ2 ‐regularisation
Authors: Lu Yang , Zhang Xinglong , Liu Jiahang , Xu Xin
Published: July 2020

This study presents a synchronous multi‐kernel iterative dual heuristic programming (SMI‐DHP) algorithm for solving non‐linear optimal control problems. The actor network and critic network in SMI‐DHP algorithm utilise multi‐kernel feature representations for the optimal policy and value function approximations. Compared with single‐kernel designs, the adopted multi‐kernel structure consists of a linear combination of weighted single‐kernel functions, including multiple but different kernel widths selected orderly from the candidate range, which is capable in reducing the complexity of kernel width parameter tuning. In order to restrain the size of weights in actor and critic modules, ℓ2 ‐regularisation is applied in the proposed approach. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, the simulation results on a non‐linear inverted pendulum are reported, which show that the SMI‐DHP algorithm with multi‐kernels can learn successfully while about half of them failed with the learning manner of the single kernel. To further validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the experimental tests on a real inverted pendulum system are also studied. The corresponding results indicate that the control performance of the proposed approach is comparative to the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller and better than traditional proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers.
FEDReD
Authors: Babusiaux C. , Fourtune-Ravard C. , Hottier C. , Arenou F. , Gómez A.
Published: July 2020

Context.WhileGaiaenables us to probe the extended local neighbourhood in great detail, the thin disc structure at larger distances remains sparsely explored.

Aims.We aim here to build a non-parametric 3D model of the thin disc structures handling both the extinction and the stellar density simultaneously.

Methods.We developed a Bayesian deconvolution method in two dimensions: extinction and distance. It uses a reference catalogue whose completeness information defines the selection function. It is designed so that any complementary information from other catalogues can be added. It has also been designed to be robust to outliers, which are frequent in crowded fields, and differential extinction. The prior information is designed to be minimal: only a reference H-R diagram. We derived for this an empirical H-R diagram of the thin disc usingGaiaDR2 data, but synthetic isochrone-based H-R diagrams can also be used.

Results.We validated the method on simulations and real fields using 2MASS and UKIDSS data complemented byGaiaDR2 photometry and parallaxes. We detail the results of two test fields: a 2MASS field centred around the NGC 4815 open cluster, which shows an over-density of both extinction and stellar density at the cluster distance, and a UKIDSS field atl = 10° where we recover the position of the Galactic bar.
Temporal evolution of short-lived penumbral microjets
Authors: Siu-Tapia A. L. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Orozco Suárez D. , Gafeira R.
Published: July 2020

Context. Penumbral microjets (PMJs) is the name given to elongated jet-like brightenings observed in the chromosphere above sunspot penumbrae. They are transient events that last from a few seconds to several minutes, and their origin is presumed to be related to magnetic reconnection processes. Previous studies have mainly focused on their morphological and spectral characteristics, and more recently on their spectropolarimetric signals during the maximum brightness stage. Studies addressing the temporal evolution of PMJs have also been carried out, but they are based on spatial and spectral time variations only.

Aims. Here we investigate, for the first time, the temporal evolution of the polarization signals produced by short-lived PMJs (lifetimes < 2 min) to infer how the magnetic field vector evolves in the upper photosphere and mid-chromosphere.

Methods. We use fast-cadence spectropolarimetric observations of the Ca II 854.2 nm line taken with the CRisp Imaging Spectropolarimeter at the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope. The weak-field approximation (WFA) is used to estimate the strength and inclination of the magnetic field vector. By separating the Ca II 854.2 nm line into two different wavelength domains to account for the chromospheric origin of the line core and the photospheric contribution to the wings, we infer the height variation of the magnetic field vector.

Results. The WFA reveals larger magnetic field changes in the upper photosphere than in the chromosphere during the PMJ maximum brightness stage. In the photosphere, the magnetic field inclination and strength undergo a transient increase for most PMJs, but in 25% of the cases the field strength decreases during the brightening. In the chromosphere, the magnetic field tends to be slightly stronger during the PMJs.

Conclusions. The propagation of compressive perturbation fronts followed by a rarefaction phase in the aftershock region may explain the observed behavior of the magnetic field vector. The fact that such behavior varies among the analyzed PMJs could be a consequence of the limited temporal resolution of the observations and the fast-evolving nature of the PMJs.
Application of natural language understanding in Chinese power dispatching centre
Authors: Tong Jiahong , Wu Zhigang , Liu Qi , Du Liang , Xu Liangde , Yu Jingxing
Published: July 2020

It is difficult for computer to understand the texts in unstructured Chinese language, which becomes an obstacle for further application of artificial intelligence in the power dispatch center. Understanding of the orders from human dispatchers is the premise for the collaboration of machine and human being in power system operation. Towards understanding of dispatching texts, this paper proposes a textual semantic analysis framework with active learning of the semantic structure knowledge. Firstly, the words are vectorized by the Skip-gram models. And the hierarchical clustering algorithm is designed to detect the sentence patterns. Then the knowledge base is set up by converting the sentence structure to their regular expressions. In application, define a proprietary semantic framework to extract important device information and to parse the semantic slot using dependency syntax. Application shows that the Chinese texts describing the operation mode switching process can be understood accurately by the computer program.
Knowledge representation and intelligent fault diagnosis technology for power grid faults
Authors: Li Xiang , Min Xin , Yang Zeng , He Hongyu , Li Jinfeng
Published: July 2020

Aiming at that the automatic fault diagnosis method is difficult to locate the fault causes under uncertain circumstances which include malfunctions of the equipment and wrong alarm messages, a knowledge model was proposed to describe the relationship, status and operation of the equipment. And based on the model, the action logic between equipment after accidents is expressed in the form of rules combined with predicate logic. The corresponding interpretation and checking results of the relative alarm messages are given by reasoning the accident chain under different fault hypothesis. And the optimal judgment result is obtained through the calculation of prior probability. The validity of the method is verified by a practical fault case.
The Reactive Power Support Strategy based on Dual-loop Control for Three-phase Grid-connected Inverter
Authors: Qian WAN , Chengjun Xia , Houari Azeddine , Xue Zhao , Chengjun Xia , Xiaotian Zheng , Chuyin Huang
Published: July 2020

Renewable energy sources (RESs) generally connected with electric power system via power electronic interface. This paper presents a reactive power and voltage (Q/V) control strategy of three-phase photovoltaic (PV) system to offering reactive power based on the typical dual-loop control topology. It is worth mentioning that control strategy can support reactive power when a low voltage fault occurs in AC bus without additional compensation device. With the help of the decoupling control, the PV array can generate active power as much as possible in variable external solar radiation conditions. The voltage of PV arrays is adopted as the objective, which on account of the easy availability and controllability of voltage, to control output active power. Besides, accurately modeling process from a PV cell to PV array is described in the beginning to acquire the P-V and V-I characteristics of PV arrays, which promote the designment of Q/V control.
Lifting the COVID-19 lockdown: different scenarios for France
Authors: Augeraud-Véron Emmanuelle
Published: July 2020

A mathematical model has been developed to study the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in France. To calibrate the model, data from the French Public Health Agency were examined. The spread of the epidemic greatly depends on lockdown measures (referred to in France as ‘confinement’). The aim of this paper is to predict the expected evolution of the epidemic based on the various possible scenarios for ending the lockdown. The spread of the disease, and its re-emergence, will be determined by these scenarios.
Hygiene in der Anästhesie in Zeiten der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie
Authors: Schulz-Stübner Sebastian , Kunitz Oliver
Published: July 2020

Unter den Bedingungen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie und der Unsicherheit hinsichtlich der vielen Entscheidungen zugrunde liegenden Daten darf die Basishygiene in der medizinischen Versorgung auch bei Ressourcenengpass nicht vernachlässigt werden. SARS-CoV-2-spezifische Schutzmaßnahmen sind entsprechend einer Risikoanalyse durchzuführen, wobei die Dynamik der Pandemie und lokale Gegebenheiten zu berücksichtigen sind.
Aortic Coarctation
Authors: Rossi Umberto G. , Ierardi Anna Maria , Carrafiello Gianpaolo , Cariati Maurizio
Published: July 2020

We report a case of a 45-year-old male suffering from arterial hypertension who was found to have an aortic coarctation with marked hypertrophic compensatory collateral arterial circulation. Although coarctation is relatively rare, this must be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with arterial hypertension with a positive gradient between upper and lower limbs.
A Unique Indication for the Altura Endograft to Repair Bilateral Common Iliac Artery Aneurysms Associated with a Short–Infrarenal Aorta
Authors: Kakkos Stavros K. , Papageorgopoulou Chrysanthi P. , Katsanos Konstantinos , Zampakis Peter , Siampalioti Athina , Ntouvas Ioannis , Loizou Chrysanthi-Helen , Tsamantioti Eleni , Papadoulas Spyros , Nikolakopoulos Konstantinos M. , Kouri Anastasia
Published: July 2020

A 71-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis presented with bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms diagnosed during the workup of his chronic kidney disease. On computed tomography angiography, common iliac artery aneurysm diameters measured 6.1 cm on the right side and 3.1 cm on the left side. The infrarenal aorta also had a small 3.2-cm aneurysm, but the length from the lowest left renal to the aortic bifurcation was only 6.7 cm, precluding use of most bifurcated endografts. Following an uneventful staged preoperative internal iliac artery embolization, a two-piece D-shaped Altura endograft for the aorta, with bilateral iliac components, landing at the level of the external iliac arteries was successfully performed. Postoperative course was uneventful with no endoleak or endograft migration on computerized tomographic angiography 45 days later, although billowing mimicking an endoleak was evident and will be closely followed.
Complex Neurological Phenotype Associated with a De Novo DHDDS Mutation in a Boy with Intellectual Disability, Refractory Epilepsy, and Movement Disorder
Authors: Piccolo Gianluca , Amadori Elisabetta , Vari Maria Stella , Marchese Francesca , Riva Antonella , Ghirotto Valentina , Iacomino Michele , Salpietro Vincenzo , Zara Federico , Striano Pasquale
Published: July 2020

Mutations in the DHDDS gene (MIM: 617836), encoding a subunit of dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase complex, have been recently implicated in very rare neurodevelopmental diseases. In total, five individuals carrying two de novo mutations in DHDDS have been reported so far, but genotype–phenotype correlations remain elusive. We reported a boy with a de novo mutation in DHDDS (NM_205861.3: c.G632A; p.Arg211Gln) featuring a complex neurological phenotype, including mild intellectual disability, impaired speech, complex hyperkinetic movements, and refractory epilepsy. We defined the electroclinical and movement disorder phenotype associated with the monoallelic form of the DHDDS-related neurodevelopmental disease and possible underlying dominant-negative mechanisms.
Lymphatic Imaging: Current Noninvasive and Invasive Techniques
Authors: Schwartz Fides R. , James Olga , Kuo Phillip H. , Witte Marlys H. , Koweek Lynne M. , Pabon-Ramos Waleska M.
Published: July 2020

After nearly disappearing, invasive lymphangiography not only has resurged, but new approaches have been developed to guide lymphatic interventions. At the same time, noninvasive lymphatic imaging is playing a larger role in the evaluation of lymphatic pathologies. Lymphangioscintigraphy, computed tomography lymphangiography, and magnetic resonance lymphangiography are increasingly being used as alternatives to invasive diagnostic lymphangiography. The purpose of this article is to review current invasive and noninvasive lymphatic imaging techniques.
Traumatic Chylothorax: Approach and Outcomes
Authors: Gilyard Shenise N. , Khaja Minhaj S. , Goswami Abhishek K. , Kokabi Nima , Saad Wael E. , Majdalany Bill S.
Published: July 2020

Traumatic chylothorax occurs more often now than in historic reports. In part, this is due to the increased ability to perform more advanced and aggressive thoracic resections and cardiovascular surgeries as well as the improved mortality of cancer patients. If untreated, chylothorax can result in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with underlying malignancy. Thoracic duct embolization for chylothorax was the first successful lymphatic intervention and has been performed for over 20 years. An overview of the clinical and technical approach to thoracic duct embolization for traumatic chylothorax is presented in addition to a review of outcomes.
Chylous Ascites and Lymphoceles: Evaluation and Interventions
Authors: Santos Ernesto , Moussa Amgad M.
Published: July 2020

Kinmonth introduced lymphangiography in 1955 and it became an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant disease. The technique, based on bipedal approach, was difficult and time-consuming which limited its use in clinical practice. Cope is the father of percutaneous lymphatic interventions and he was the first person to access and intervene on the lymphatic system. After his initial work published on 1999, there has been an expansion of the lymphatic embolization techniques, particularly since the development of intranodal lymphangiography and advance lymphatic imaging. This article is focused on the evaluation and management of postoperative chylous ascites and lymphoceles. Their incidence is growing due to longer survival of cancer patients and more radical surgical approaches, leading to an increased morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Minimally invasive percutaneous lymphatic embolization is becoming a first-line therapy in patients with postoperative lymphatic leakage.
Outcomes in COVID-19 Positive Neonates and Possibility of Viral Vertical Transmission: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sheth Sudip , Shah Nidhi , Bhandari Vineet
Published: July 2020

Objective Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to affect adults and pediatric patients differently. While neonates are a special population, little is known about the neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes in COVID-19 positive neonates and incidence of vertical transmission of the virus by reviewing available literature.

Study Design This study is a narrative review of available literature on “COVID-19 in neonates,” for which PubMed and Google Scholar were used to search the published articles.

Results We summarized the data from 39 published studies that are comprised of 326 COVID-19 positive peripartum mothers with respective neonatal outcomes. Twenty-three neonates have been reported to be COVID-19 positive. Male neonates were affected significantly more (79%) than female neonates. Approximately 3% neonates acquired infection through suspected vertical transmission. Strict infection prevention measures during the perinatal time can significantly reduce the chance of horizontal transmission of the virus. Overall, neonates were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic regardless of gestational age at birth and required only supportive measures. There was 0% mortality in COVID-19 positive neonates.

Conclusion From available published data to date, we can conclude that the prognosis of COVID-19 positive neonates is good with no mortality. There appears to be minimal vertical transmission of the infection.

Key Points
Stirring anisotropic turbulence with an active grid
Authors: Cekli Hakki Ergun , van de Water Willem
Published: July 2020

We study spectra and high-order structure functions in anisotropic wind tunnel turbulence, which is generated using an active grid. In the first experiment, we impose homogeneous shear turbulence with a constant gradient of the mean flow and (approximately) homogeneous turbulent fluctuations. We measure mixed structure functions of order 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 using an array of two-component hotwires. These structure functions, which vanish for isotropic turbulence, display scaling with scaling exponents that highlight intermittency: the return to isotropy at small scales of large fluctuations is much slower than expected on the basis of a simple Kolmogorov-like scaling argument [J. L. Lumley, “Similarity and the turbulent energy spectrum,” Phys. Fluids 10, 855 (1967)]. In the second experiment, we impose anisotropy in otherwise homogeneous turbulence through the time modulation of the active grid. This is done by driving the grid using signals from a turbulence (shell) model, which acts as a convenient turbulent random signal generator. In this way, different statistical properties of different velocity components could be imposed. Similar to the first experiment, our interest is in the return to isotropy of the small-scale turbulent fluctuations, which is quantified using second-order quantities such as spectra and correlation functions. Also, in this case, the strongly anisotropic correlations induced by the forcing at large scales tend to return to isotropy at small, inertial-range scales, but with the imprint of large-scale anisotropy retained.
Multifactorial analysis of ion concentration polarization for microfluidic preconcentrating applications using response surface method
Authors: Gholinejad Majid , Jabari Moghadam Ali , Mousavi Shaegh Seyed Ali , Miri Amir K.
Published: July 2020

Ion concentration polarization (ICP) in a microfluidic device requires a precise balance of forces on charged molecules to achieve high concentrating efficiency. It is, thus, of considerable interest to study the impact of all governing parameters on ICP performance. Experimental study of the ICP multifactorial phenomenon seems impractical and costly. We report a systematic approach to understand the impacts of governing parameters on the ICP phenomenon using a robust numerical model established in COMSOL Multiphysics®. We varied the buffer concentration, applied voltage, and microchannel length to study their impacts on the ICP phenomenon. Then, we developed a statistical model via the response surface method (RSM) for the numerical results to study the direct and interactive effects of the mentioned parameters on ICP optimization. It was found that the buffer concentration (Cbuffer) plays a key role in the enrichment factor (EF); however, simultaneous impacts of the applied voltage and channel length must be considered as well to enhance EF. For low buffer concentrations, Cbuffer < 0.1 mM, the ionic conductivity was found to be independent of Cbuffer, while for high buffer concentrations, Cbuffer > 1 mM, the ionic conductivity was directly linked to Cbuffer. In addition, the RSM-based model prediction for a certain buffer concentration (∼1 mM) highlighted that an electric field of 20 V/cm–30 V/cm is suitable for the initial design of experiments in ICP microdevices.
Rigorous numerics for critical orbits in the quadratic family
Authors: Golmakani A. , Koudjinan C. E. , Luzzatto S. , Pilarczyk P.
Published: July 2020

We develop algorithms and techniques to compute rigorous bounds for finite pieces of orbits of the critical points, for intervals of parameter values, in the quadratic family of one-dimensional maps fa(x)=a−x2. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach by constructing a dynamically defined partition P of the parameter interval Ω=[1.4,2] into almost 4×106 subintervals, for each of which we compute to high precision the orbits of the critical points up to some time N and other dynamically relevant quantities, several of which can vary greatly, possibly spanning several orders of magnitude. We also subdivide P into a family P+ of intervals, which we call stochastic intervals, and a family P− of intervals, which we call regular intervals. We numerically prove that each interval ω∈P+ has an escape time, which roughly means that some iterate of the critical point taken over all the parameters in ω has considerable width in the phase space. This suggests, in turn, that most parameters belonging to the intervals in P+ are stochastic and most parameters belonging to the intervals in P− are regular, thus the names. We prove that the intervals in P+ occupy almost 90% of the total measure of Ω. The software and the data are freely available at http://www.pawelpilarczyk.com/quadr/, and a web page is provided for carrying out the calculations. The ideas and procedures can be easily generalized to apply to other parameterized families of dynamical systems.
Extended vibrational coupled cluster: Stationary states and dynamics
Authors: Hansen Mads Bøttger , Madsen Niels Kristian , Christiansen Ove
Published: July 2020

For the first time, equations are derived for computing stationary vibrational states with extended vibrational coupled cluster (EVCC) and for propagating nuclear wave packets using time-dependent EVCC (TDEVCC). Expressions for energies, properties, and auto-correlation functions are given. For TDEVCC, convergence toward the ground state for imaginary-time propagation is shown, as well as separability in the case of non-interacting subsystems. The analysis focuses substantially on the difference between bra and ket parameterizations for EVCC and TDEVCC compared to normal vibrational coupled cluster (VCC) and time-dependent VCC (TDVCC). A pilot implementation is presented within a new full-space framework that offers easy access to completely general, albeit not efficient, implementations of alternative VCC variants, such as EVCC. The new methods were tested on 35 three- and six-mode molecular systems. Both EVCC[k] and TDEVCC[k] showed good, hierarchical convergence toward the exact limit. This convergence was generally better than for normal VCC[k] and TDVCC[k] and better still than for (time-dependent) vibrational configuration interaction, though this should be balanced with the higher computational complexity of EVCC. The results highlight the importance of exponential parameterizations and separability in general, as seen, in particular, for the TDEVCC bra parameterization, which is in contrast to the partially linear one of TDVCC. With the results being rooted in the general structures of coupled cluster (CC) theory, they are expected to be relevant to other applications of both normal and extended CC theory as well.
Amending aeolian sandy soil in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China with Pisha sandstone and increasing phosphorus supply were more effective than increasing water supply for improving plant growth and phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition of lucerne (Medicago sativa)
Authors: He Honghua , Zhang Zekun , Su Rui , Dong Zhigang , Zhen Qing , Pang Jiayin , Lambers Hans
Published: July 2020

Plant growth is often constrained by low availability of water and phosphorus (P) in soils in arid and semi-arid areas. Aeolian sandy soils cover >90% of the sandy area of the Mu Us Sandy Land (MUSL) in Northwest China. These soils have low water- and nutrient-retention capacity, limiting their ability to support plant growth. Pisha sandstone, a type of loose rock widely distributed in the MUSL, is regarded as an environmental hazard because it easily weathers, resulting in severe soil erosion and water loss. However, the retention capacity of the aeolian sandy soil can be significantly improved through blending with Pisha sandstone. We investigated the impacts of water supply (35% and 70% of soil water-holding capacity) and P supply (0, 5 and 20 mg P kg–1 soil) on plant growth and P and nitrogen (N) nutrition by growing lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in MUSL aeolian sandy soil amended or not with Pisha sandstone. Soil type and P supply had greater effects than water supply on lucerne growth and on P and N nutrition. Biomass accumulation and shoot P and N concentrations were increased by amending the aeolian sandy soil with Pisha sandstone and increasing P supply. The N:P ratios in shoots indicated that plant growth was limited by P but not by N. Aeolian sandy soil amended with Pisha sandstone and supplied with P at 5 mg kg–1 enhanced lucerne growth; this practice is feasible for pasture development in the MUSL.
Greenhouse evaluation of branching, leaf yield and biochemical compositions of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni to decapitation and foliar application of abscisic acid and fluridone
Authors: Tavakoli Hasanaklou Nasibeh , Sedghi Mohammad , Moradi Foad , Ebadi Khazineh Ghadim Ali , Jahanbakhsh Ghodehkahriz Sodabeh
Published: July 2020

Stevia is a herbaceous plant containing non-sugar sweeteners that could be regarded as a successor to sugar for diabetics. However, there are some problems with the cultivation of stevia, especially in the greenhouse, including unbranching and low sweetening agents. To overcome this issue, an experiment was designed to increase not only the branching and leaf production but also the sweetness. Therefore, a novel strategy using abscisic acid (0, 50, 100, 150 μM), its inhibitor, i.e. fluridone (0, 50, 100, 150 μM) and decapitation of plant apical meristems was applied. Results showed that when stevia was decapitated, dormant buds responded to the application of abscisic acid and fluridone. Under these conditions, axillary buds were developed to branches. As well leaf, total dry weight, soluble sugars and steviol glycosides (SGs) were significantly increased. In addition, the interaction of abscisic acid (50 and 100 μM) and fluridone (50 μM) had the highest positive effects on plant growth and steviol glycosides production rather than their sole applications. Results also indicated that decapitation removed a terminal dominance over a limited period of time and the terminal dominance was re-established with the growth of the terminal branches, whereas the influence of 50 µM fluridone on stevia was long term and the number of shoots was greater. Since stevia is a costly sweetener, the results of this study could be used in greenhouses, where the cultivation of stevia seems to be reasonable in terms of economic aspects.