bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
НЕЙРОНАЛЬНА МОЛЕКУЛА КЛІТИННОЇ АДГЕЗІЇ І ПОКАЗНИКИ ОКИСНОГО СТРЕСУ В СЕРЦІ ЩУРІВ ЗА УМОВ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ ГІПЕРГЛІКЕМІЇ ТА ВПЛИВУ МЕЛАТОНІНУ
Authors: Ковальчук Ю. П. , Павленко Г. Ю. , Кириченко С. В. , Жилюк В. І. , Ушакова Г. О.
Published: June 2021

Вступ. На сьогодні відомо, що цукровий діабет викликає серйозні патологічні зміни мікроциркуляторного русла в багатьох органах і тканинах та водночас пов’язаний з підвищеним ризиком розвитку коронарних і периферичних макросудинних патологій. Окисний стрес, що виникає в тканинах організму за умов хронічної гіперглікемії, та послаблення антиоксидантної активності є пусковим механізмом розвитку діабетичних ускладнень. Фізіологічна активність міокарда залежить від регуляції ЦНС.
Мета дослідження – вивчити зміни вмісту нейрональної молекули клітинної адгезії і показників окисного стресу в серці щурів за умов гіперглікемії та впливу мелатоніну.
Методи дослідження. Дослідження проводили на статевозрілих щурах-самцях лінії Вістар. Тварин поділили на 3 групи (n=7): 1-ша – контрольна; 2-га – щури з індукованим цукровим діабетом 2 типу; 3-тя – тварини, які отримали мелатонін після індукції цукрового діабету 2 типу. Рівень загального протеїну визначали за методом Бредфорда, вміст малонового діальдегіду – фотометрично за реакцією з тіо­барбітуровою кислотою, активність супероксиддисмутази – за реакцією окиснення кверцетину, вміст нейрональної молекули клітинної адгезії – згідно з імуноферментним аналізом. Статистичну оцінку даних виконано за однофакторним дисперсійним аналізом ANOVA.
Результати й обговорення. Встановлено зміни вмісту нейрональної молекули клітинної адгезії та показників окисного стресу в серці щурів за умов гіперглікемії. Вміст мембранної форми цієї молекули в серці тварин з індукованим цукровим діабетом 2 типу мав вірогідну тенденцію до збільшення. Відзначено достовірне підвищення вмісту малонового діальдегіду, а також значне зниження активності супероксиддисмутази і каталази в серці щурів діабетичної групи, що є характерною ознакою окисного стресу. Застосування мелатоніну після індукції цукрового діабету 2 типу призводило до зменшення вмісту нейрональної молекули клітинної адгезії в серці піддослідних тварин порівняно з групою щурів з індукованим цукровим діабетом 2 типу.
Висновки. Окисний стрес спричиняє метаболічні порушення в тканинах міокарда, що призводить до появи і розвитку діабетичних ускладнень. Нейрональна молекула клітинної адгезії може відігравати роль компенсаторного кардіопротекторного фактора, що активується за умов метаболічного стресу. Встановлено позитивний ефект мелатоніну в рамках захисту метаболізму мембранних адгезивних протеїнів у серці щурів при гіперглікемії.
STUDIES OF ALTERATIONS OF THE CELLULAR MEMBRANE BARRIER FUNCTION AT LARYNGEAL CANCER
Authors: Sukhoveev O. V. , Burlaka Y. B. , Grin N. V. , Vovk A. I. , Verevka S. V.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Cellular membrane barrier alterations lead to metabolic and functional disorders. However, in the case of laryngeal cancer (LC) they are insufficiently studied.

The aim of the study – to learn the nature of the interaction of erythrocyte membranes with introduced spin probes as an indicator of changes in the barrier function of membranes at LC.

Research Methods. Samples of the erythrocyte membranes from 40 patients with LC stages II and III and 20 healthy volunteers were probed by EPR with AdTEMPO test. Microviscosity of erythrocyte membranes was determined by the τeff and the decreasing in RSSI. The content of MWM was identified in the blood plasma and in erythrocyte. The partition coefficient between blood plasma proteins and erythrocyte glycocalyx was calculated. SCEM was evaluated by amount of unabsorbed methylene blue.

Results and Discussion. It was established that LC patient’s endogenous intoxication is characterized by excessive accumulation of the total pool of MWM both in blood plasma and glycocalyx of erythrocyte. SCEM was significantly decreased in samples of both LC stages in comparison to control. The most apparent decline in τeff was observed prior to washing of erythrocytes for 5 min after probe insertion. The deceleration after 60 min was observed only in LC stage II. The value of τeff was at control values levels after washing of erythrocytes of LC stage II 5 min after probe insertion and was significantly reduced in stage III LC in comparison to control. RSSI in samples both stage of patients prior to and after washing of erythrocytes was on average 1.5-fold higher than that of control.

Conclusions. It was established that the LC patient’s endogenous intoxication is characterized by excessive accumulation of the total pool of MWM both in blood plasma and glycocalyx of erythrocytes, activation of catabolic processes in plasma, redistribution of MWM between the pool of erythrocyte proteins, which corresponds to the second stage of endotoxicosis. The reduction of the SCEM is shown, which is a manifestation of pathological changes in the surface functional activity of erythrocyte membranes. The effectiveness of AdTEMPO for the eva­luation of microviscosity of erythrocyte membranes in patients with LC was confirmed.
РЕСВЕРАТРОЛ ЯК ЗАСІБ ЦИТОПРОТЕКТОРНОЇ ДІЇ ЗА УМОВ ІНДУКОВАНОГО КАНЦЕРОГЕНЕЗУ В ЩУРІВ
Authors: Рицик О. Б. , Фіра Л. С. , Лихацький П. Г.
Published: June 2021

Вступ. Важливим фундаментальним завданням сучасних експериментальних і клінічних досліджень в онкології є вивчення існуючих та виявлення нових, у тому числі метаболічних, чинників, які сприяють виникненню і прогресуванню пухлинного процесу. Дослідження in vitro та in vivo показали, що фітохімічні речовини мають потенційні антиоксидантні, протизапальні та антиканцерогенні властивості. На ­сьогодні активно вивчають механізми протиракової активності ресвератролу – природного поліфенолу, який здатний інгібувати проліферацію більшості клітинних ліній раку людини.

Мета дослідження – вивчити цитопротекторні властивості ресвератролу за умов індукованого диметилгідразином онкопроцесу.

Методи дослідження. Експерименти виконано на білих щурах-самцях, яким моделювали рак товстої кишки шляхом щотижневого підшкірного введення диметилгідразину в дозі 7,2 мг/кг маси тіла впродовж 30 тижнів. Антиоксидант ресвератрол вводили інтрагастрально в дозі 20 мг/кг щоденно протягом 7 місяців. Стан цитоплазматичних клітинних мембран вивчали за активністю гамма-глутамілтранспептидази та лужної фосфатази. Ступінь ендотоксемії оцінювали шляхом визначення еритроцитарного індексу інтоксикації та вмісту молекул середньої маси.

Результати й обговорення. Після введення щурам диметилгідразину спостерігали підвищення у сироватці крові активності гамма-глутамілтранспептидази та лужної фосфатази в усі терміни дослідження, а також її зниження в печінці тварин з канцерогенезом. На тлі щоденного застосування ресверат­ролу активність гамма-глутамілтранспептидази зменшилась у 2 рази, лужної фосфатази – у 2,3 раза щодо тварин, яким вводили диметилгідразин. У щурів, які отримували антиоксидант ресвератрол, проникність еритроцитарної мембрани зменшилась на 50,7 % порівняно з тваринами, які його не одержували. Використання ресвератролу призвело до зменшення у сироватці крові вмісту молекул середньої маси всіх фракцій, що вказує на зниження проявів ендогенної інтоксикації в ураженому організмі.

Висновки. Отримані результати підтверджують цитопротекторні властивості ресвератролу, на які вказує відновлення активності мембранозалежних ензимів у щурів з експериментальним канцерогенезом. Доведено, що за цих умов профілактичне застосування ресвератролу знижує рівень ендогенної інтоксикації та сприяє відновленню проникності еритроцитарних мембран, що підтверджує його мембранопротекторні властивості.
РОЛЬ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО ВОДНЮ ТА ОКСИДУ АЗОТУ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗІ COVID-19
Authors: Покотило О. С. , Корда М. М. , Кравчук Ю. С.
Published: June 2021

Вступ. У статті наведено огляд наукової літератури щодо біохімічної ролі двох молекул, таких, як молекулярний водень та оксид азоту, насамперед при COVID-19 – вірусній інфекції, яка може бути летальним захворюванням для людей з ослабленим імунітетом. Результати численних доклінічних та клінічних досліджень продемонстрували, що газоподібні молекули (молекулярний водень та оксид азоту) мають антиоксидантні, протизапальні й імуномодулюючі переваги. Незважаючи на те, що оксид азоту може безпосередньо знешкоджувати патогени, чим розкриває свою визначальну роль для імунної функції, оскільки може інгібувати реплікацію вірусів, він здатний також спричинювати летальне ураження клітин за стресових умов, зокрема при COVID-19. На відміну від оксиду азоту, молекулярний водень має дуже високий ступінь безпечності, допомагає регулювати вироблення оксиду азоту, його метаболізм і послаблює його шкідливий вплив. На сьогодні ще не розкрито всіх точних молекулярних механізмів молекулярного водню, проте вже відомо, що він забезпечує ряд захисних ефектів, модулює передачу сигналу, впливає на експресію генів та змінює каскади білкового фосфорилювання. Через ці доведені ефекти молекулярного водню можна однозначно кваліфікувати його як оптимальну терапію проти COVID-19 та подібних захворювань. Обидві молекули (молекулярний водень та оксид азоту) використовують у доклінічних і клінічних випробуваннях для розкриття біохімічних та патогенетичних механізмів взаємодії при різних патологічних процесах, у тому числі й при COVID-19.

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати сучасні літературні джерела про вплив молекулярного водню та оксиду азоту на запобігання поліорганній недостатності при COVID-19.

Висновки. Збільшення кількості досліджень дає підстави сподіватися, що в майбутньому результати представлених досліджень матимуть практичне застосування у клінічній медицині. На сьогодні ще необхідно з’ясувати механізми позитивного впливу молекулярного водню при різних патологічних станах, у тому числі при COVID-19. Тому дослідження мають актуальний характер і будуть продовжені.
O eclipse do imaginário: imaginário instrumental e redução da potência imaginativa das imagens
Authors: Silva Maurício Ribeiro da
Published: June 2021

Partindo do apontamento de Gilbert Durand acerca do iconoclasmo promovido pela conjunção entre monoteísmo e filosofia no ocidente o qual paradoxalmente produz a proliferação das imagens na contemporaneidade, o artigo dialoga com Horkheimer a partir da noção de Razão Instrumental para propor o equivalente Imaginário Instrumental, redução da potência imaginativa das imagens. A operacionalidade do conceito é demonstrada a partir de imagens associadas aos cultos da Umbanda e do Candomblé, contrastados com registros imagéticos do carnaval e da publicidade. O aporte teórico é dado por Gilbert Durand e Max Horkheimer acerca do Imaginário e da Razão e por Muniz Sodré e Lilia Moritz Schwarcz sobre o imaginário afro-brasileiro.
Ethos roqueiro, rasuras e conflitos políticos na turnê de Roger Waters no Brasil
Authors: Pilz Jonas , Janotti Junior Jeder Silveira , Alberto Thiago Pereira
Published: June 2021

Elegendo como corpus a turnê Us + Them do músico Roger Waters, que passou pelo Brasil, em 2018, acumulando polêmicas em torno de seu posicionamento político, este artigo analisa os tensionamentos entre o ethos roqueiro e as especificidades dos grandes espetáculos na contemporaneidade. A partir destas discussões, propomos que a ruptura causada pelas performances de Roger Waters nos 22 dias em que esteve no Brasil visibilizou diversas disputas, negociações e reconfigurações nos afetos entre seus fãs. Analisando as rasuras performatizadas em ambientes digitais geradas pelos shows de Roger Waters no Brasil, localizamos uma crise em relação à ideia de ethos roqueiro e às expectativas em relação aos grandes shows de música.
Formas sociais, comunicação e tipificações do afeto numa torcida de futebol
Authors: Freitas Aline Meriane do Carmo de , Castro Fábio Fonseca de
Published: June 2021

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma etnografia dos processos comunicacionais presentes numa torcida de futebol, a barra brava Camisa 33, do Clube do Remo, de Belém-PA. A partir de uma proposição de diálogo entre Antropologia e Comunicação, baseando-se nos estudos de Alfred Schutz e Georg Simmel, buscou-se compreender os processos intersubjetivos manifestos por meio dos afetos e sensibilidades experienciados pela torcida e expressos por meio de formas sociais. Buscou-se realizar uma análise dos processos socioculturais comunicativos com o objetivo de compreender a construção social das sensibilidades e a produção de sentidos sensíveis que envolvem os torcedores da equipe.
Narrativas da memória como dispositivo: a Sirene e a luta contra o esquecimento
Authors: Bruck Mozahir Salomão , Vargas Herom
Published: June 2021

A partir de noções como memória, testemunho e dispositivos, busca-se investigar acionamentos da memória pelo grupo de moradores atingidos pela destruição de comunidades em Mariana (MG) com o rompimento da Barragem do Fundão (2015). Tal acionamento reveste-se de intencionalidades singulares e (re)significações em termos de um agir político próprio do ato de lembrar com o objetivo de impedir o esquecimento e apagamento do incidente que destruiu dezenas de moradias e que tirou a vida de 19 pessoas. Procede-se a análise de textualidades de natureza memorialística de edições do jornal A Sirene, editado desde fevereiro de 2016 pelos atingidos do incidente. Busca-se entender como tais narrativas se instituem como dispositivos da memória.
Vida e comunicação cotidianas no capitalismo da coronavírus
Authors: Fuchs Christian
Published: June 2021

Em 2020, a crise da coronavírus provocou uma ruptura nas sociedades e na vida cotidiana em todo o mundo. Este artigo é uma contribuição para a teorização crítica das mudanças pelas quais as sociedades passaram à luz da crise da coronavírus. Ele indaga: como a vida e a comunicação cotidianas mudaram na crise da coronavírus? Como o capitalismo configura a vida e a comunicação cotidianas durante essa crise? A seção 2 enfoca como o espaço social, a vida e a comunicação cotidianas mudaram na crise da coronavírus. A seção 3 enfoca a comunicação da ideologia no contexto da coronavírus, analisando a comunicação de narrativas de conspiração e notícias falsificadas sobre a coronavírus.
Introdução ao pensamento comunicacional argentino
Authors: Daros Otávio
Published: June 2021

A resenha versa sobre a coletânea de textos dedicada a três pensadores da escola de comunicação argentina. Organizado por Guillermo Mastrini, Mariano Zarowsky e María Rodríguez, o volume reconstrói o percurso biográfico e intelectual de Margarita Graziano, Aníbal Ford e Héctor Schmucler, figuras por trás do estabelecimento das ciências da comunicação na Universidade de Buenos Aires. Com o objetivo de prestar merecida homenagem aos pioneiros, observa-se que o material recupera em detalhe as trajetórias, mas não preenche a falta de exame para entender o significado intelectual dos referidos legados.
Jornalismo e ideologia da cultura: os conflitos entre indígenas e ruralistas em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Silva Marcos Paulo da , Raposo Maurício de Melo
Published: June 2021

O artigo busca compreender a construção do enquadramento dos fatos que envolvem conflitos entre etnias indígenas e produtores rurais no principal jornal impresso de Mato Grosso do Sul, o Correio do Estado, adotando-se como ponto de referência o assassinato do líder indígena Semião Vilhalva, das etnias Guarani e Kaiowá, em agosto de 2015. A partir do referencial teórico da framing analysis, volta-se a um recorte empírico de cinco editoriais e de cinco artigos de opinião veiculados entre agosto e outubro de 2015, identificando-se na retórica contemporânea do veículo elementos simbólicos e culturais afeitos à “ideologia da cultura sul-mato-grossense”, concepção forjada pelas elites regionais desde a década de 1930.
What is punitive populism? A typology based in media communication
Authors: Bonner Michelle
Published: June 2021

Punitive populism refers to political leaders’ use of tough-on-crime rhetoric and policies to win elections and popular support. Yet, this basic definition does not capture the range of ways the practice manifests itself. Refining the concept, this article identifies three key types of punitive populism: authoritarian, conflicted, and accountable. The typology highlights the intersecting importance of media systems and political ideology to the definition of each type. Reflecting on over fifteen years of research on the topic, the article is centred on concept development, with illustrative examples from Argentina and Chile.
Conceptual Combination in the LATL With and Without Syntactic Composition
Authors: Parrish Alicia , Pylkkänen Liina
Published: June 2021

The relationship among syntactic, semantic, and conceptual processes in language comprehension is a central question to the neurobiology of language. Several studies have suggested that conceptual combination in particular can be localized to the left anterior temporal lobe (LATL), while syntactic processes are more often associated with the posterior temporal lobe or inferior frontal gyrus. However, LATL activity can also correlate with syntactic computations, particularly in narrative comprehension. Here we investigated the degree to which LATL conceptual combination is dependent on syntax, specifically asking whether rapid (∼200 ms) magnetoencephalography effects of conceptual combination in the LATL can occur in the absence of licit syntactic phrase closure and in the absence of a semantically plausible output for the composition. We find that such effects do occur: LATL effects of conceptual combination were observed even when there was no syntactic phrase closure or plausible meaning. But syntactic closure did have an additive effect such that LATL signals were the highest for expressions that composed both conceptually and syntactically. Our findings conform to an account in which LATL conceptual composition is influenced by local syntactic composition but is also able to operate without it.
Peer-making: The interconnections between PhD thesis committee membership and copublishing
Authors: Bès Marie-Pierre , Lamy Jérôme , Maisonobe Marion
Published: June 2021

This article relies on the analysis of social networks to compare the networks at work in the composition of thesis committees between 2003 and 2008 in a French provincial university in three very different disciplines (astrophysics, archaeology, and economics) so as to test the hypothesis that connections actually existed before graduation. Were members coauthors of scientific publications or were committees constituted only for the sake of awarding a PhD? Astrophysics and its “equipment” ethos is the one that most often superimposes committee membership and copublishing. Archaeology falls somewhere in between, due to the greatest scarcity of committee members. The last of the three, economics, actually separates the two types of collaboration by most frequently inviting international researchers.
“Garbage in, garbage out” revisited: What do machine learning application papers report about human-labeled training data?
Authors: Geiger R. Stuart , Cope Dominique , Ip Jamie , Lotosh Marsha , Shah Aayush , Weng Jenny , Tang Rebekah
Published: June 2021

Supervised machine learning, in which models are automatically derived from labeled training data, is only as good as the quality of that data. This study builds on prior work that investigated to what extent “best practices” around labeling training data were followed in applied ML publications within a single domain (social media platforms). In this paper, we expand by studying publications that apply supervised ML in a far broader spectrum of disciplines, focusing on human-labeled data. We report to what extent a random sample of ML application papers across disciplines give specific details about whether best practices were followed, while acknowledging that a greater range of application fields necessarily produces greater diversity of labeling and annotation methods. Because much of machine learning research and education only focuses on what is done once a “ground truth” or “gold standard” of training data is available, it is especially relevant to discuss issues around the equally important aspect of whether such data is reliable in the first place. This determination becomes increasingly complex when applied to a variety of specialized fields, as labeling can range from a task requiring little-to-no background knowledge to one that must be performed by someone with career expertise.
Une « rime cachée » dans Cor 23, 12-14 ? Histoire du texte et histoire de la langue
Authors: Larcher Pierre
Published: June 2021

Richard Bell donne Cor 23, 12-14 comme exemple de « rimes cachées » par l’adjonction de segments rimant en -īn, qui est, avec -ūn, la rime de cette sourate. Leur suppression révélerait une petite pièce, sémantiquement cohérente, de sept versets rimant en -ah (ou -a pour Montgomery Watt). Si ce passage est sollicité pour l’histoire du texte par les islamologues, il pourrait l’être pour celle de la langue et du style coraniques par les linguistes arabisants. Sans supprimer d’éléments, mais en nous fondant sur le rasm, qui note la prononciation pausale du tāʾ marbūṭa et du tanwīn-an, nous montrons que Cor 23, 12-14 constitue un pur morceau de saǧʿ. Il se décompose en huit segments, dont sept syntaxiquement parallèles, rimant en -īn, -ah et -ā, -ah étant également rime interne en 12 et 13. Un seul segment, le septième, ne rime avec aucun autre, mais rimerait avec un constituant de 13, si on supprimait la flexion désinentielle. Et si on supprime l’ensemble des voyelles brèves finales, flexionnelles ou non, on s’aperçoit que c’est l’ensemble des constituants de 23, 12-14 qui riment entre eux. On fait alors l’hypothèse que l’arabe coranique est sans flexion désinentielle et que celle-ci, syntaxiquement non pertinente, a été introduite pour des raisons prosodiques, liées à la récitation psalmodiée du Coran (taǧwīd).
Revising the Assumption that Ḥadīṯ Studies Flourished in the 11th/17th-Century Ḥiǧāz: Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī’s (d. 1101/1690) Contribution
Authors: Dumairieh Naser
Published: June 2021

The Ḥiǧāz in the 11th/17th century has long been considered the center of a “revival” movement in ḥadīṯ studies. This assumption has spread widely among scholars of the 11th-/17th- and 12th-/18th-century Islamic world based on the fact that the isnāds of many major ḥadīṯ scholars from almost all parts of the Islamic world from the 11th/17th century onward return to a group of scholars in the Ḥiǧāz. The scholarly group that is assumed to have played a critical role in the flourishing of ḥadīṯ studies in the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz is called the al-Ḥaramayn circle or network. However, to date, there have been no studies that investigate what was actually happening in that century concerning ḥadīṯ studies. Examining the actual ḥadīṯ studies of one of the scholars at the core of al-Ḥaramayn circle, i.e. Ibrāhīm b. Ḥasan al-Kūrānī, will unpack the main interest of Ḥiǧāzī scholars in ḥadīṯ literature, reveal previously unstudied aspects of ḥadīṯ studies in the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz, correct some unexamined assumptions, and situate the ḥadīṯ efforts of scholars of the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz within a general framework of developments within ḥadīṯ studies.
Bridging the Accountability Gap in the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons: Non-State Actors Under the Kampala Convention
Authors: Adeola Romola
Published: June 2021

Contemporary forms of internal displacement in Africa significantly reflect the emerging footprints of non-state actors on the regional landscape of internal displacement. In recognition of the impact of these actors in the internal displacement context, the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) specifically obligate states to regulate them in the prevention of arbitrary displacement. This is the central thrust of this article. This article examines the Kampala Convention from the perspective of non-state actors, considering the obligation of the state and the extent to which these actors may be held accountable, in the furtherance of protection and assistance of internally displaced persons (IDP s).
The Legal Status of a Company after Decision on Its Liquidation
Authors: Khomenko Viktoriia O. , Efimenko Leonid V. , Vasilyeva Valentyna A.
Published: June 2021

Entrepreneurial activity is one of the main factors in the development of the market economy of the state, the internal and external markets of Ukraine and innovative industries. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to analyse the peculiarities of the legal position of a company after a decision has been made to terminate it. It is established that the liquidation of legal entities is performed without the transfer of the rights and obligations of the liquidated enterprise to other persons, i.e. without succession. Upon liquidation of the enterprise, its rights and obligations are terminated. The current civil legislation does not provide for the limitation of the powers of the liquidation commission in cases of liquidation based on a court decision. It is argued that the liquidation commission be terminated when an entry on termination of the activity of a legal entity is made in the unified state register.
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: Towards Harmonisation of Ukrainian and EU Law
Authors: Kossak Volodymyr M. , Yakubivskyi Ihor Ye. , Oprysko Mykola V.
Published: June 2021

The article analyses the civil law means of protecting the ownership rights to intellectual property from the standpoint of Ukrainian law and practice. The focus is on those means of protecting intellectual property rights envisaged by the Association Agreement between the EU and the eaec and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part, and outlines the prospects for their practical implementation within the legal framework of Ukraine. Among the means of protecting intellectual property rights, prohibition of the misuse of intellectual property in a specific way is considered. The paper also analyses the ways of protecting intellectual property rights, which are aimed at restoring the situation that existed prior to their violation, in particular, the removal from the civil circulation of goods manufactured or put into civil circulation, thus causing a violation of intellectual property rights, and subsequent destruction of such goods.
Plectania lutea (Sarcosomataceae), a new species from southwestern karst areas of China
Authors: MOU GUANG-FU , BAU TOLGOR
Published: June 2021

Plectania lutea, is described as a new species from subtropical karst areas of China. The main distinguishing characteristics of P. lutea are the yellow hymenium, the external surface with ridges, the gelatinous but not semifluid medullary excipulum, and the large finely warted ascospores. The phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of rDNA sequences using Bayesian (BA) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods showed that the new taxon can be distinguished from phenotypically similar and phylogenetically related species.
On the genus Mimela Kirby, 1823 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from China and adjacent countries, with description of five new species
Authors: ZHAO MING-ZHI
Published: June 2021

Five new species of the leaf chafer genus Mimela Kirby, 1823 are described from China: M. prodigiosa Zhao, new species, M. semirubra Zhao, new species, M. varichroma Zhao, new species and M. admixta Zhao, new species from Yunnan as well as M. latimarginata Zhao, new species from Hainan. New faunistic and taxonomic information on species from China and adjacent countries are provided. Type material of M. sericea Ohaus, 1905 and M. soror Arrow, 1908 is illustrated for the first time.
A new Anurida species of the hammerae-group from the Russian Far East (Collembola, Neanuridae)
Authors: BABENKO ANATOLY , NAKAMORI TAIZO
Published: June 2021

A new species of the genus Anurida is described and illustrated based on material from the Khabarovsk Territory, Russia: A. hirsuta sp. nov. This new species belongs to the amphi-Pacific hammerae-group and it seems to be particularly similar to the Beringian A. hammerae Christiansen, 1952 and the Japanese A. trioculata Kinoshita, 1916. Anurida hirsuta sp. nov. can easily be distinguished from both latter species primarily by its peculiar dorsal chaetotaxy, apparently the most complete among all congeners. A key is presented to all eight species presently known to compose the group.
Labour market disadvantage or poor health upon arrival? An examination of the native–immigrant gap in early retirement on a disability pension
Authors: Qvist Jeevitha Yogachandiran , Qvist Hans-Peter Y
Published: June 2021

Non-Western immigrants in Scandinavia have a higher risk of early retirement on a disability pension than natives, but the reasons are unclear. One theory is that increased demands for standardization, efficiency and productivity in advanced capitalist labour markets, such as the Scandinavian market, cause expulsion of the weakest and least qualified individuals from the labour market, including a disproportionate share of non-Western immigrants. Another theory is that non-Western immigrants already have poorer health than natives upon arrival in Scandinavia. This article examines the extent to which the native–immigrant gap in early retirement on a disability pension is explained by non-Western immigrants’ disadvantaged position in the labour market when pre-existing health differences are controlled for. To this end, we draw on Danish register data, including all disability pensions granted in 2003–2012 to natives and non-Western immigrants who arrived in Denmark in 1998. Our results suggest that a minor proportion of the native–immigrant gap in disability pensions is explained by non-Western immigrants’ health upon arrival, whereas the vast majority of the gap is explained by non-Western immigrants’ disadvantaged position in the labour market.
Changing trends of deep neck infections in southern China: A review of 127 cases
Authors: Wu Jian-Hui , Li Xin , Chen Guo-Ping , Fu Min-Yi , Ye Fei
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to review our experience with the clinical characteristics and management of deep neck infections (DNIs) and determine the changing trends of their characteristics over time in southern China. Patients diagnosed with a DNI between January 2009 and December 2018 were screened retrospectively for their demographic characteristics, etiology of infection, site of infection, microbiology, treatment, and complications. In total, 127 patients were included: 41 (32.3%) were treated between 2009 and 2013 (group A), and 86 (67.7%) were treated between 2014 and 2018 (group B). The most common site of infection in group A was the parapharyngeal space (15 patients, 36.6%), while that in group B involved multiple spaces (36 patients, 41.9%). The leucocyte count (×109 cells/L) was 13.23 ± 4.19 in group A and 16.04 ± 4.33 in group B ( p < 0.001). Streptococcus viridans was the most common bacteria in both groups. The mean hospital stay was 21.46 ± 33.09 days in group A and 10.44 ± 6.19 days in group B. The rate of diabetes mellitus (DM) in group A was lower than that in group B (8/41 and 33/86, respectively; p = 0.034). Airway obstruction was the most common complication in both groups. DNIs are more likely to show multi-space involvement, affect more DM patients, and be associated with higher leucocyte counts over time. We infer that the duration from morbidity to admission and that from admission to operation play roles in the successful management of DNIs, possibly causing fewer complications, lower mortality rates, and shorter hospital stays. DM patients require increased attention.
Fear of Dependency and Life-Space Mobility as Predictors of Attitudes Toward Assistive Devices in Older Adults
Authors: Peterson Katherine F. , Adams-Price Carolyn
Published: June 2021

Assistive devices can help older adults remain independent; however, they may hesitate to use them due to fears of appearing dependent by embodying aging stereotypes. Reluctance to use assistive devices may lead to decreased life space mobility. The selective optimization with compensation (SOC) model posits that older adults employ strengths to accommodate for age-related functioning declines. The current study examines the predictive power of health perceptions, dependency fears, aging stereotypes, and life space on older adults’ views of assistive devices. Results suggest that older adults with greater life space and dependency fears are more likely to view assistive devices positively.
Isolated Traumatic Dislocation of the Malleus into the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Lee Jong Hwan , Choi Ji Woong , Jeong Do Yoon , Alanazy Sultan Mohammed , Nam Gi-Sung
Published: June 2021

We report a rare case of isolated malleus dislocation into the external auditory canal with lateralized intact tympanic membrane following a head trauma. The patient was a 63-year-old woman who presented at the outpatient department of our institute with hearing loss of 10 years’ duration after a bicycle accident. During physical examination of the patient, total dislocation of the malleus-like bony structure into the external auditory canal on the right side was observed. In the computed tomography scan, an isolated malleus dislocation with intact incus-stapes articulation was identified. The patient was successfully treated with endoscopic exploratory tympanotomy and partial ossicular replacement prosthesis. The isolated malleus dislocation can rarely occur after trauma. A careful diagnostic step through history, physical examination, and temporal bone computed tomography scan are needed to confirm this rare condition.
Majority World Theologies
Authors: Yeh Allen
Published: June 2021

With the shift of the center of gravity of Christianity to the Majority World comes a corresponding rise of new global theologies. These theologies need to be taken seriously as relevant to many contexts outside of the West, as well as being correctives to some Western theologies which have become imbalanced or have even gone astray. Significant challenges remain, however; the lack of resourcing (funding, education, publishers, etc.) continue to be impediments to the Majority World churches moving beyond just the three selves (self-propagating, self-governing, self-supporting) to the fourth self (self-theologizing). But churches globally theologizing for themselves is the antidote to an imperialistic Christianity from the West which has been the reality for far too long.
Endogenous zinc protoporphyrin formation critically contributes to hemorrhagic stroke-induced brain damage
Authors: Pan Rong , Yu Song , Zhang Haikun , Timmins Graham S , Weaver John , Yang Yirong , Zhou Xixi , Liu Ke Jian
Published: June 2021

Hemorrhagic stroke is a leading cause of death. The causes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain damage are thought to include lysis of red blood cells, hemin release and iron overload. These mechanisms, however, have not proven very amenable to therapeutic intervention, and so other mechanistic targets are being sought. Here we report that accumulation of endogenously formed zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) also critically contributes to ICH-induced brain damage. ICH caused a significant accumulation of ZnPP in brain tissue surrounding hematoma, as evidenced by fluorescence microscopy of ZnPP, and further confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ZnPP formation was dependent upon both ICH-induced hypoxia and an increase in free zinc accumulation. Notably, inhibiting ferrochelatase, which catalyzes insertion of zinc into protoporphyrin, greatly decreased ICH-induced endogenous ZnPP generation. Moreover, a significant decrease in brain damage was observed upon ferrochelatase inhibition, suggesting that endogenous ZnPP contributes to the damage in ICH. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of ICH-induced brain damage through ferrochelatase-mediated formation of ZnPP in ICH tissue. Since ferrochelatase can be readily inhibited by small molecules, such as protein kinase inhibitors, this may provide a promising new and druggable target for ICH therapy.
Efficacy of B12 Fortified Nutrient Bar and Yogurt in Improving Plasma B12 Concentrations—Results From 2 Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trials
Authors: Yajnik Chittaranjan , Kasture Sonal , Kantikar Vaishali , Lubree Himangi , Bhat Dattatray , Raut Deepa , Memane Nilam , Bhalerao Aboli , Ladkat Rasika , Yajnik Pallavi , Tomar Sudhir , Limaye Tejas , Phatak Sanat
Published: June 2021

Background:

Dietary vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency is common in Indians. Long-term compliance to tablet supplementation is poor in asymptomatic individuals.

Objective:

To study efficacy of B12 fortified nutrient bar and yogurt in improving plasma B12 concentrations in children and adults.

Methods:

Two double-blind, placebo-controlled directly observed therapy randomized controlled trials were conducted for 120 days: (1) Healthy children (10-13 years) were fed nutrient bar fortified with B12 (2 μg), multiple micronutrients B12 (1.8 μg) or placebo. (2) Healthy adults (18-50 years) were fed yogurt fortified with B12 (2 μg) or Propionibacterium (1 × 108 cfu/g) or placebo. B12, folate, homocysteine, and hemoglobin concentrations were measured before and post intervention.

Results:

We randomized 164 children and 118 adults; adherence was 96% and 82%, respectively. In children, B12 fortified bars increased B12 concentrations significantly above baseline (B12 alone +91 pmol/L, B12+ multiple micronutrients +82 pmol/L) compared to placebo. In adults, B12 fortified yogurt increased B12 significantly (+38 pmol/L) but Propionibacterium and placebo did not. In both trials, homocysteine fell significantly with B12 supplementation. Rise of B12 and fall of homocysteine were influenced by dose of B12 and folic acid. There was no significant difference in change of anthropometry and hemoglobin between groups.

Conclusions:

B12 fortified foods are effective in improving B12 status in Indian children and adults. They could be used to improve B12 status in the national programs for children, adolescents, and women of reproductive age. They could also be used as over-the-counter products.
Microstructural Measures of the Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus Predict Later Cognitive and Language Development in Infants Born With Extremely Low Birth Weight
Authors: Bugada Matthew C. , Kline Julia E. , Parikh Nehal A.
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Extremely preterm children are at high risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Identifying predictors of discrete developmental outcomes early in life would allow for targeted neuroprotective therapies when neuroplasticity is at its peak. Our goal was to examine whether diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics of the inferior longitudinal and uncinate fasciculi early in life could predict later cognitive and language outcomes.

Study Design:

In this pilot study, 43 extremely low-birth-weight preterm infants were scanned using diffusion MRI at term-equivalent age. White matter tracts were assessed via diffusion tensor imaging metrics of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. The Language and Cognitive subscale scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant & Toddler Development-III at 18-22 months corrected age were our outcomes of interest. Multiple linear regression models were created to assess diffusion metrics of the inferior longitudinal and uncinate fasciculi as predictors of Bayley scores. We controlled for brain injury score on structural MRI, maternal education, birth weight, and age at MRI scan.

Results:

Of the 43 infants, 36 infants had high-quality diffusion tensor imaging and returned for developmental testing. The fractional anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was associated with Bayley-III scores in univariate analyses and was an independent predictor of Bayley-III cognitive and language development over and above known predictors in multivariable analyses.

Conclusions:

Incorporating new biomarkers such as the fractional anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus with structural MRI findings could enhance accuracy of neurodevelopment predictive models. Additional research is needed to validate our findings in a larger cohort.
Criminal and financial penalties for clinicians in the ACT Mental Health Act weigh more heavily on senior doctors
Authors: Hemachandra Dilini , Riordan Denise , Sabir Azra , Keightley Philip
Published: June 2021

Objective:

We sought to assess the attitudes of ACT public psychiatry doctors towards the financial and criminal penalties in the ACT Mental Health Act 2015.

Method:

Baseline attitude was surveyed with an 11-item 5-point Likert scale. Education was then provided about the offences outlined in the Act and the associated penalties. The same initial survey was then repeated. Primary outcomes were changes in attitude pre- and post- information, and secondarily data was explored for differences related to gender and seniority.

Results

Forty-nine percent of 89 eligible public mental health system doctors responded. The majority of the survey respondents were female (59%). Provision of information resulted in a significant improvement in understanding of liabilities (2.80 (SD 1.14) versus 3.58 (SD 0.93), t(39) = 4.06, p < 0.001). Gender had no significant impact on scores. Senior staff were less legally secure and less satisfied with the Mental Health Act pre-information being provided. With regards to notification penalties, with education, junior staff became more secure and seniors less so.

Conclusions:

Information provision improves understanding of the penalties under the Mental Health Act 2015. Having a senior role predicts lower satisfaction with the penalties in the Act.
Health Professionals’ Perspectives of the Role of Palliative Care During COVID-19: Content Analysis of Articles and Blogs Posted on Twitter
Authors: Singh Gursharan K. , Rego Joanna , Chambers Shirley , Fox Jennifer
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in health professionals facing unprecedented challenges and changes in practice. Responding to humanitarian crises involves saving lives and reducing suffering and as such, palliative care is an essential component of the response to COVID-19. This study aimed to explore health professionals’ perspectives of the role of palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing their views and experiences expressed in articles and blogs located via Twitter.

Method:

Qualitative content analysis of 33 online articles and blogs written by health professionals from 1 February 2020 to 30 June 2020. Online articles and blogs were included if the URL was posted on Twitter. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guided data collection and reporting.

Results:

The health professionals whose viewpoints were analyzed were from Europe, North America, Oceania and Asia. The themes derived from content analysis were (a) the recognized value of palliative care during the pandemic, (b) positioning palliative care as every health professional’s responsibility and (c) specialist palliative care supporting and guiding health professionals

Conclusions:

This study utilizes a unique approach to exploring the perspectives of health professionals from several countries during a global pandemic. The study emphasizes the value of palliative care and identifies gaps in end-of-life care provision including resource allocation. This brings to light the urgent need to equip all health professionals with palliative care knowledge and skills, including discussing and planning care. Specialist palliative care teams are well placed to support health professionals to provide quality care.
Does Punishing Sanctions Busters Work? Sanctions Enforcement and U.S. Trade with Sanctioned States
Authors: Early Bryan R. , Peterson Timothy M.
Published: June 2021

How can the government agencies responsible for enforcing economic sanctions enhance their effectiveness? This study explains how and why sanctions enforcement actions undertaken by sender governments can discourage their firms from trading with the states they sanction. Specifically, we examine how the penalties imposed against sanctions violators by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) affect U.S. firms’ trade with target states. We argue that because U.S. firms are responsive to the risk of being penalized and the disruptions that penalties create, U.S. trade with sanctioned states will be lower in the aftermath of OFAC enforcement actions. The penalties’ frequency and severity will magnify those negative effects. We hypothesize that OFAC enforcement actions taken against both U.S. and foreign sanctions violators will negatively impact U.S. trade with targets. Analyzing data from 2003 to 2015, we find that OFAC’s sanctions enforcement actions decrease U.S. trade with sanctioned states in numerous ways.
Technology Threats to Employment, Issues, and Candidate and Party Preferences in the United States
Authors: Heinrich Tobias , Witko Christopher
Published: June 2021

Research indicates that susceptibility to having one’s job replaced by technology is associated with candidate and party preferences in affluent democracies, but there is little understanding of why. We investigate whether workers exposed to technology are more supportive of candidates and parties that prioritize the economy, unemployment, and welfare state programs, currently or with historical reputations for doing so. In the United States which we examine here, however, technology threatening jobs has not been politically salient and partisan attachments are strong, which could limit issue-based conversions in candidate preferences. To examine these possibilities, we use survey experiments randomizing exposure to information about the individual-level threat of losing one’s job to technology and hypothetical candidate issue priorities in experiments with and without party labels. We find that there are some differences in “issue premiums” among high-exposure individuals in the party labels experiment, but whether individuals are made aware of their exposure does not explain any issue-based variation in candidate preferences. We also find that when made aware of their exposure to technology, high- and low-exposure Republicans and low-exposure independents become slightly more supportive of Republican candidates.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Adult Laboratory Classroom Study of the Efficacy and Safety of PRC-063 (Extended-Release Methylphenidate) for the Treatment of ADHD
Authors: Childress Ann , Cutler Andrew J. , Marraffino Andrea H. , Bhaskar Sailaja , Donnelly Graeme
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and duration of action of the once-daily extended-release methylphenidate formulation PRC-063 for the treatment of ADHD in an adult laboratory classroom (ALC).

Method:

After dose optimization with PRC-063 over 7 weeks, adults with ADHD were randomized to 1 week of double-blind treatment with PRC-063 or placebo that ended with an ALC evaluation. The primary outcome measure was Permanent Product Measure of Performance-Total (PERMP-T) score.

Results:

Of 288 subjects enrolled, 221 completed the ALC visit. PERMP-T score was significantly higher for PRC-063 versus placebo at every assessment from 1 to 16 hours post-dose at the ALC visit and when averaged over 16 hours post-dose (least-squares mean difference 16.3, 95% confidence interval 7.6–24.9). The most frequent adverse events during dose optimization were headache, decreased appetite, and insomnia.

Conclusion:

PRC-063 provided rapid and sustained symptom relief in adults with ADHD and was well tolerated. NCT03618030.