bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No Higher Risk-Seeking Tendencies or Altered Self-Estimation in a Social Decision-Making Task in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zapf Alexandra C. , Folkerts Ann-Kristin , Kahler Larissa , Schnitzler Alfons , Reker Paul , Barbe Michael T. , Florin Esther , Kalbe Elke
Published: February 2022

Background:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been associated with a tendency towards more risky decisions. However, the commonly used paradigms typically neglect the social context.

Objective:

Here, we investigated social decision-making and self-estimation in a competitive experimental task.

Methods:

A computerized experimental setting was used in which 86 PD patients (age = 66.5 [50–79], 62.8% male, H&Y = 2 [1.5–3]) and 44 healthy controls (HC; age = 67 [54–79], 54.4% male) in groups of four performed mathematical addition tasks in which they were asked to calculate as many sums as possible in five minutes. Participants had to choose their preferred compensation scheme (“piece rate” versus “tournament”) and retrospectively rank their performance in comparison to the suspected performance of the others. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was also conducted.

Results:

No significant difference was found in overall social decision-making and self-estimation between PD patients and HC. However, for those individuals who made inadequate decisions, PD patients engaged in significantly more risk-averse and HC in more risky decisions. Concerning those inadequate decisions, the PD patients made more extreme decisions (severity of social decision-making) in both directions (risk-averse, risk-seeking).

Conclusion:

Our data indicate that social decision-making behavior and self-estimation are largely intact in PD patients with mild to moderate disease stages and intact global cognition, executive functions, and social cognition. Future studies with more heterogeneous PD samples regarding their neuropsychological profile will have to examine at which state social decision-making may be affected and by which factors this behavior might be influenced.
Caffeine citrate effects on gastrointestinal permeability, bacterial translocation and biochemical parameters in newborn rats after long-term oral administration
Authors: Bouabsa Foufa , Tir Touil Aicha , Al Zoubi Mazhar Salim , Chelli Nadia , Leke André , Meddah Boumediene
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:

Caffeine is a potent central and respiratory acting agent used in neonatology to treat apnea in premature newborns.

OBJECTIVE:

This study investigates the effects of caffeine orally administered to newborn rats on gastrointestinal permeability, bacterial translocation and different biochemical parameters.

METHODS:

Newborn rats were divided into different groups ( N = 06). The treated newborn rats were orally administered with standard caffeine doses (12 mg/kg per day), and the control groups received a placebo. The animals were weighed daily until sacrifice. Blood samples, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and organs were aseptically collected. Furthermore, different biochemical (D-Lactate) and oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, CAT, SOD and GSH) were examined. Microbiological analyses were performed to assess microbiota alterations and bacterial translocation.

RESULTS:

Preliminary results showed that caffeine administration decreased the level of bacterial translocation over time. The treatment reduced plasma D-lactate levels ( p < 0.05). Additionally, caffeine induced a disturbance in the concentrations of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. Indeed, liver enzymes (AST and ALT) were significantly ( p < 0.05) risen after caffeine treatment. Glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly higher in caffeine treated groups (75.12±0.32; 51.98±1.12 U/mg; p < 0.05) comparing to control ones (40.82±0.25; 42.91±0.27 U/mg; p < 0.05) in the ileum and the colon, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Thus, besides improving gastrointestinal permeability, our data show that caffeine has beneficial effects on the intestinal antioxidant system.
The programme of advanced training of scientific and pedagogical workers in the specialty - 014. Secondary education: Ukrainian language and literature
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Topuzov Oleg , Zabolotna Oksana ,   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Lokshyna Olena ,   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kalinina Luidmyla ,   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylieva Daryna ,   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine
Published: February 2022

The programme of advanced training of scientific and pedagogical workers is intended for their professional development in accordance with the state policy in the field of education. The programme is based on the European strategy for the development of education and effective practices of the leading PISA countries in the EU to develop key competencies and basic skills for lifelong learning. The programme is focused on improving the performance of Ukrainian students
Analysis of Determinants of Factors Related to the Performance of Non-Communicable Diseases Development Post Cadres in Kendari City: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Saida Saida , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Hajri Wa Ode Syahrani
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are diseases that are not caused by bacterial infection and are the main cause of death in the world. The increase in NCDs cases also occurred in Southeast Sulawesi Province (Indonesia), including Kendari City. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of proxies related to the performance of Integrated Non-Communicable Diseases Development Post (INCDDP) cadres in Kendari City, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province (Indonesia), with a population of all INCDDP cadres in the working area of PHC Abeli, Lepo-Lepo, and Perumnas. The sample consisted of 56 responders. Data were analyzed univariate and bivariate statistics, using the chi-square test. Multivariate using logistic regression. Results: The results of the research on the performance of INCDDP cadres were awards (p = 0.079), cadre training history (p = 0.031), infrastructure (p = 1.0) and knowledge (p = 0.007). The factor most related to the performance of INCDDP cadres was cadre knowledge (p = 0.019) with the coefficient of determination (R2) = 27.4%. Conclusion: Cadre performance is related to awards, cadre training history, infrastructure and cadre knowledge. The most related factor to INCDDP cadre performance is cadre knowledge.
Microbiota profile in sinonasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis as an indicator for therapeutic outcome
Authors: Megantara Imam , Ihsan Yazid Muhammad Fadhil , Pradini Gita Widya , Sudiro Melati , Murad Chrysanti
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa, which often requires surgical and additional post-operative therapy. Microbial dysbiosis due to the imbalance of commensal bacteria and pathogens plays a crucial role in the inflammatory process within the sinonasal mucosa and in therapy outcome. Further knowledge about the microbiota profile in CRS is needed to improve the management strategy for CRS patients. Purpose: To review recent studies on the microbiota profile in sinonasal mucosa of CRS patients, and its potential as an indicator for therapeutic outcome. Literature review: Recent data from several studies has documented increased microbiota richness and diversity in post-operative CRS patients’ sinonasal mucosa, as well as good post-operative outcomes. Increased genus Corynebacterium abundance was also consistently associated with good post-operative outcomes. Conclusion: There was a difference in microbiota profiles in pre and post-operative CRS patients, indicating an association with clinical improvement. Corynebacterium was associated with better post-operative outcomes. Thus, the presence of these bacteria potentially could be used as an indicator for therapeutic outcome.Keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis, microbiota, endoscopic sinus surgery, therapeutic outcomeABSTRAKLatar belakang: Rinosinusitis kronis (RSK) merupakan kondisi inflamasi yang menetap pada mukosa sinonasal dan sering memerlukan operasi dan terapi tambahan pasca-operasi. Kondisi disbiosis mikrobiota akibat ketidakseimbangan bakteri komensal dan patogen diduga memengaruhi proses inflamasi pada mukosa sinonasal dan luaran terapi. Diperlukan pengetahuan tentang profil mikrobiota pada RSK sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan strategi penanganan pasien RSK. Tujuan: Mempelajari studi terkini tentang profil mikrobiota pada mukosa sinonasal pasien RSK, dan potensinya sebagai indikator luaran terapi. Tinjauan pustaka: Data terkini dari beberapa penelitian menemukan peningkatan kekayaan dan keragaman mikrobiota pada mukosa sinonasal pasien RSK pasca-operasi dan memiliki hubungan dengan luaran operasi yang baik. Peningkatan kelimpahan genus Corynebacterium ditemukan secara konsisten berkaitan dengan luaran operasi yang baik. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan profil mikrobiota pada pasien RSK pra dan pasca-operasi yang mengindikasikan kaitannya dengan perbaikan klinis. Corynebacterium adalah bakteri yang ditemukan memiliki hubungan dengan luaran operasi yang lebih baik, sehingga keberadaan bakteri ini berpotensi untuk dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai indikator luaran terapi.Kata kunci: rinosinusitis kronis, mikrobiota, operasi sinus endoskopik, luaran terapi
Bem-estar no contexto de trabalho e não-trabalho: um estudo correlacional
Authors: Fontoura Aline da Silva
Published: February 2022

O trabalho faz parte da história e do movimento de mudanças da sociedade. Estudar o bem-estar no trabalho se faz necessário para acompanhar as constantes mudanças na estrutura social e compreender o impacto das atividades laborais na percepção de bem-estar no contexto de trabalho e de não trabalho dos indivíduos que vivem a dinâmica contemporânea de estreitamento da “barreira” profissional-pessoal. Questão problema: A presente pesquisa discute o grau de relação entre satisfação no trabalho, comprometimento organizacional afetivo, envolvimento no trabalho e bem-estar no trabalho, contextualizando o panorama de diminuição da dicotomia “vida” profissional e pessoal na sociedade na atualidade, em outras palavras, o estudo busca responder qual é o grau de correlação das variáveis do bem-estar no trabalho com a percepção de bem-estar no contexto de não-trabalho (bem-estar subjetivo), ou seja, com o bem-estar geral. Objetivo: analisar o bem-estar no contexto do trabalho a partir de seu caráter superordenado, composto pelas variáveis: satisfação no trabalho, envolvimento no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo; e o bem-estar no contexto de não-trabalho (bem-estar subjetivo) através da variável felicidade subjetiva. Metodologia: O estudo contou com a participação de 457 trabalhadores que também eram estudantes universitários de uma instituição privada com abrangência nacional, que responderam a Escala de Envolvimento com o Trabalho, a Escala de Satisfação com o trabalho, a Escala de comprometimento organizacional afetivo e a Escala de felicidade subjetiva, além do Questionário de dados sociodemográficos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de um estudo correlacional e demonstraram que as variáveis possuem grau de correlação entre si. Principais resultados e conclusões: Conclui-se que todas as variáveis tiveram correlações, sendo envolvimento no trabalho e satisfação no trabalho com o resultado mais fraco (0,193) comparado aos outros, mas ainda considerável. Isso sugere que é possível que alguns trabalhadores estejam envolvidos no trabalho ainda que não tão satisfeitos com ele. A satisfação no trabalho com a felicidade subjetiva foram as variáveis que expressaram maior correlação (0,552), dessa forma é possível considerar que o nível de satisfação do trabalho tem estreita relação com o bem-estar no contexto de não-trabalho (bem-estar subjetivo).
NEW PROVISIONS IMPLEMENTED IN CRIMINAL POLICY PURSUED BY THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Sh. Kabylbaiev, Skakov A.B.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to modern approaches and the formation of author’s proposals regarding new provisions implemented in the criminal policy pursued by the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is noted that the criminal policy has three components: criminal, criminally-remedial and penal policies. It is possible and necessary to determine the degree of effectiveness of the implemented criminal policy only on the basis of the results of all its components and the development of modern preventive measures in order to prevent crime. The analysis of the criminal, criminally-remedial and penal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of types of punishment, their appointment and execution is carried out. In order to maintain further progressive development of the country, the strategy of further reduction of the «prison population» with the help of widespread use of punishments alternative to imprisonment, the development of a system of social adaptation and rehabilitation of persons caught in the sphere of criminal proceedings, is supported. In order to improve the penal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is proposed to develop a new draft of a bill «On the Execution of Sentences and the Probation Service». One bill should regulate the types of punishments (from fines to imprisonment and the death penalty), the types of penal bodies and institutions included in the penal (penitentiary) system, the procedure of executing (serving) all types of criminal punishment, as well as social adaptation and rehabilitation of persons who find themselves in the field of criminal proceedings, etc. A new title of the draft of a bill is also proposed. It is «The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On the Execution of Sentences and the Probation Service»». The title of the draft of the Criminal Penal Code proposed by us most fully reveals the legal essence of the new normative legal act. The implementation of the new laws specified in the Criminal Penal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan urgently requires to create an independent state body – the Agency for the Execution of Punishments and the Probation Service. Key words: humanization of criminal policy; criminal, criminally-remedial and penal policy; penal (penitentiary) system; punishments alternative to imprisonment; social adaptation and rehabilitation of persons who find themselves in the field of criminal proceedings.
PECULIARITIES OF REGIME IMPLEMENTATION IN THE SOCIAL REHABILITATION SECTIONS OF UKRAINE’S CORRECTIONAL COLONIES
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Puzyrov M. S. , Klysha A. I. ,   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2022

The essence and matter of the concept of regime and the peculiarities of its implementation in the social rehabilitation sections of Ukraine’s correctional colonies are considered in the article. The characteristics of the essence of the regime is given, which provides: security system (provides convicts’ isolation); a system of supervision over convicts (ensures convicts’ performing their duties); technical means of supervision and control; law enforcement intelligence-gathering activities; regime of special conditions in colonies; application of measures of physical influence, special means and weapons. The essence of the principles of progressive system of executing punishments is considered. Key words: regime, social rehabilitation section, correctional colony, peculiarities of regime implementation, progressive system.
SOCIAL SERVICES AS AN OBJECTS OF SOCIAL-SUPPLYING LEGAL RELATIONS: CONCEPT, TYPES AND PECULIARITIES (PART I)
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Shumna L.P. , Stashkiv B.I. ,   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Denysenko K.V. ,   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2022

Social services as an object of social-supplying legal relations that are enshrined in the Classification of Social Services are the subject of the research. An attempt to compare social services with each other and highlight common and distinctive features was made while analyzing them. Emphasis was made on the essence of each social service and the legal aspects of their providing. The features of social services as objects of the relevant legal relations were formulated. Care occupies a special place among the objects of social-supplying legal relations. Its types such as home care, inpatient care, day care, palliative care were considered. The author’s definition of social care service was given. The most characteristic features of this social service were singled out. Ways to improve the essence of some of them were suggested. Considerable attention was paid to the supported accommodation of the elderly people and people with disabilities, the homeless persons and transit supported accommodation. Critical remarks were made about the premises that would be allocated for supported accommodation, as well as about the legal status of persons who have expressed a desire to receive this social service. Social support is provided to families (persons) who are in difficult life circumstances, families raising biological and social orphans, individuals in employment and in the workplace. Physical support is provided to persons with disabilities. The article gives a brief description of all these types of social and physical support. Social services for providing temporary accommodation, social rehabilitation, information, counseling, mediation, advocacy, prevention, adaptation, integration and reintegration were highlighted in the article. The authors did not ignore such social services as emergency crisis intervention, in-kind assistance, transportation services, sign language translation. A new social service, which is just being introduced and relates to providing temporary rest to persons caring for persons with disabilities, was covered separately. Key words: social services, basic social services, Classification of Social Services, objects of social-supplying legal relations, essence of separate social services, state standard of social service.
Implementation of ACPO Framework for Digital Evidence Acquisition in Smartphones
Authors: Jafri Muhammad Saleh , Raharjo Suwanto , Arief M. Rudiyanto
Published: February 2022

A forensic investigator or analyst should implement an appropriate digital forensic framework to acquire valid digital evidence to be presented at court. Choosing an unsuitable digital forensic framework with the investigation process may lead to failure at acquiring or maintaining complete digital evidence. Missing a step or turning a certain step into another irrelevant step may lead to unclear results and invalid conclusions. Digital evidence extracted from risky electronic evidence cannot be accepted by the court. Accordingly, a forensic investigator or forensic analyst should refer to a structuralized standard structure to perform well.Several internal digital forensic frameworks are available, one of which is the Good Practice Guide for Computer-based Electronic Evidence [1], an English issuance by ACPO (Association of Chief Police Officers) in cooperation with 7Safe. The digital forensic framework is commonly called the digital forensic framework from ACPO or the ACPO Framework. This research brings into focus the analysis of the percentage of success rate for using the ACPO digital forensic framework or the ACPO Framework in comparison with another digital forensic framework, i.e., NIST Framework. This research is also aimed at examining the performance of a mobile forensic tool, i.e., Cellebrite’s UFED Touch2 in comparison with another mobile forensic tool for digital evidence acquisition in smartphones.The research objects were smartphones containing deleted WhatsApp messages. This research successfully implemented the ACPO Framework for digital evidence acquisition in smartphones using Cellebrite’s UFED Touch2 as the mobile forensic tool.
What Determines the Effectiveness of a Currency: A Composite Index
Authors: Karakostas Emmanouil
Published: February 2022

The variety and diversity of currencies forms a significant aspect of the international political economy and especially the global economic relations among countries. It can be said that the “language” of countries’ international economic activities is the variation displayed by their currencies. A plethora of papers has indicated a relationship between exchange rates and many facets of international economic relations, with a negative, positive, or even neutral link. Exchange rates can fluctuate due to exogenous events or due to endogenous choice. Whatever the cause, it is certain that exchange rate fluctuation can influence many features of a country’s economy. Specifically, exchange rates can affect macroeconomic variables, trade performance and others. So, what are the prerequisites that shape the relationship between a country’s exchange rates and its economic activities? These prerequisites include the international, political and economic aspects of a country. The combination of these factors is what shapes the country’s relative effectiveness and its “freedom” to use its currency to achieve its economic goals. The current paper shows that the combination of the international, political and economic aspects of a country is fundamental to its freedom to use its currency for this purpose. The methodology adopted is the creation of a Composite Index.
Predicción de la fiabilidad de elementos no reparables dirigido a lámparas de alumbrado público
Authors: Gallegos Londoño César Marcelo , García Mora Félix Antonio , Tenicota García Alex Giovanny
Published: February 2022

El presente estudio tiene como propósito determinar los pasos necesarios para el cálculo de los indicadores de fiabilidad en equipos no reparables, el estudio se lo realizó en una muestra de 250 lámparas de sodio de 100 watios destinadas al alumbrado público. Siendo el tiempo para la falla TTF el parámetro más importante para realizar un análisis de fiabilidad en equipos no reparables, (tiempos desde la instalación del equipo hasta la falla), en este caso los equipos no se pueden reparar, por consiguiente, deben ser reemplazados después del fallo, la recolección óptima de estos datos es fundamental para realizar un análisis correcto de los indicadores de fiabilidad. Se debe buscar cuál de las funciones paramétricas es la que mejor se ajusta a los datos recolectados, para esto es necesario hallar la Función F(t) que representa a la distribución paramétrica tiempo acumulado hasta la falla y compararla con la función no paramétrica o función empírica. Se deben calcular los parámetros de todas las distribuciones hipotéticas seleccionadas con los datos recolectados en este estudio. Para cada distribución se calcula el valor de prueba el que es comparado con el valor crítico de la prueba de ajuste de bondad de Kolmogorov–Smirnov, definiendo de esta manera si las hipótesis son rechazadas o no, el rechazo significa que el valor de la prueba es mayor que el valor crítico de la prueba, caso contrario las hipótesis son aceptadas y el valor más bajo decide la distribución paramétrica que mejor se ajusta a los datos de la muestra. Una vez seleccionada la distribución se puede estimar los indicadores de la fiabilidad como la función de probabilidad de fallas acumulada F(t), la Función de Supervivencia R(t) y la función de la tasa de fallos conocida también como función de riesgo λ(t). El método proporcionará una herramienta muy útil para el cálculo de la fiabilidad en equipos reparables y su futura evaluación que proporcionará ideas para la toma de decisiones en función de la una mejora continua.
Characteristics of Hybrid Modified Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID-19: A Single Institutional Experience Over 1 Year
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Choi Yeon Soo , Kim Jung Soo , Lee Jin-Soo , Kim Ji Won
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic, and some patients require mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. Owing to the risks of aerosol spreading to health care workers, the protocols and guidelines related to the novel timing and technique for tracheostomy are rapidly changing. We investigated the characteristics of tracheostomy with patients with COVID-19 over a year.Subjects and Method We measured the mean time from intubation to the tracheostomy, survival rate, the incidence of infection to medical staff, and operation time, complications for tracheostomy, and the time of decannulation. All patients underwent a novel percutaneous tracheostomy without bronchoscope (hybrid modified percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy, hybrid MPDT) in the negative pressure intensive care unit.Results Of the 448 patients with COVID-19 patients, 34 required invasive mechanical ventilation at a tertiary hospital from February 2020 to April 2021. Of those, 15 patients underwent tracheostomy. Of the tracheostomy patients, survival rate was 93.33%. The mean time from intubation to the tracheostomy was 18.27±14.74 days (range, 8-36 days). The incidence of infection to medical staff was zero percent whereas racheostomy-related bleeding was the most common complication (2 patients). Operation time for hybrid MPDT was 5.45±1.12 min.Conclusion The optimal timing of tracheostomy procedure for COVID-19 patients is still unknown, but it is believed that the treatment of COVID-19 can be achieved better if the hybrid MPDT is used at the right time.
Factors preventing smallholder farmers from adapting to climate variability in South Africa: lessons from Capricorn and uMshwati municipalities
Authors: Tantoh HB , Mokotjomela TM , Ebhuoma EE , Donkor FK
Published: February 2022

Climate variability has adversely compromised food production in South Africa, with severe consequences for the livelihood of smallholder farmers. However, the extent to which adaptation has enabled rural farmers to continue earning their livelihoods has received limited attention. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by examining the constraints faced in food production and the coping strategies adopted by these farmers in responding to climate variability and change. A mixed research approach (primary and secondary) was used to obtain data from the municipalities of Capricorn and uMshwati in Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, South Africa. Structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were used to obtain primary data, while internet, libraries and organizational reports were consulted to obtain secondary data. Results showed that rain-fed agriculture was the most common type of farming (60%), compared to irrigation farming (40%). Furthermore, 25% (8/30 respondents) of smallholder farmers practising mixed cropping had been involved in agriculture for more than a decade. Smallholder farmers have adopted mitigating strategies ranging from social adjustments at the household level and combining food production with off-farm activities to sustain their livelihoods and overall wellbeing. This study argues that an enabling environment will facilitate the ability of rural farmers to adapt to climate variability in the local context and present beneficial socio-economic dynamics within the small-scale agricultural food production sector.
Anthropocentrism as the scapegoat of the environmental crisis: a review
Authors: Droz L
Published: February 2022

Anthropocentrism has been claimed to be the root of the global environmental crisis. Based on a multidisciplinary (e.g. environmental philosophy, animal ethics, anthropology, law) and multilingual (English, Spanish, French, German, Japanese) literature review, this article proposes a conceptual analysis of ‘anthropocentrism’ and reconstructs the often implicit argument that links anthropocentrism to the environmental crisis. The variety of usages of the concept of ‘anthropocentrism’ described in this article reveals many underlying disagreements under the apparent unanimity of the calls to reject anthropocentrism, both regarding what exactly is the root of the problem, and the nature of the possible solutions. It highlights the limitations of the argument of anthropocentrism as the scapegoat of the environmental crisis and identifies two main challenges faced by attempts to go beyond anthropocentrism: an epistemological challenge regarding knowledge and the place of sciences, and a metaethical challenge related to values and cultural pluralism. Beyond the issue of an anthropocentric point of view, the core of the problem might be an intertwinement of views and assumptions that work together to undermine attempts to protect the environment from the greed of some humans, such as the human-nature dichotomy, capitalism, consumerism, industrialism, etc. Finally, this article suggests that making the nuances and the presuppositions that underlie various versions of the anti-anthropocentric rhetoric explicit is necessary to foster constructive dialogue among different anti-anthropocentrism proponents, as well as with their detractors.
Oceanic drivers of juvenile sea turtle strandings in the UK
Authors: Kettemer LE , Biastoch A , Wagner P , Coombs EJ , Penrose R , Scott R
Published: February 2022

Juvenile sea turtles can disperse thousands of kilometers from nesting beaches to oceanic development habitats, aided by ocean currents. In the North Atlantic, turtles dispersing from American beaches risk being advected out of warm nursery grounds in the North Atlantic Gyre into lethally cold northern European waters (e.g. around the UK). We used an ocean model simulation to compare simulated numbers of turtles that were advected to cold waters around the UK with observed numbers of turtles reported in the same area over ~5 decades. Rates of virtual turtles predicted to encounter lethal (10°C) or detrimental (15°C) temperatures (mean 19% ± 2.7 SD) and reach the UK were consistently low (median 0.83%, lower quartile 0.67%, upper quartile 1.02%), whereas there was high inter-annual variability in the numbers of dead or critically ill turtles reported in the UK. Generalized additive models suggest inter-annual variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index to be a good indicator of annual numbers of turtle strandings reported in the UK. We demonstrate that NAO variability drives variability in the dispersion scenarios of juvenile turtles from key nesting regions into the North Atlantic. Coastal effects, such as the number of storms and mean sea surface temperatures in the UK, were significant but weak predictors, with a weak effect on turtle strandings. Further understanding how changing environmental conditions such as NAO variability and storms affect the fate of juvenile turtles is vital for understanding the distribution and population dynamics of sea turtles.
Pedigree Selection for Lint Yield in Two Segregation Populations of Egyptian Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)
Authors: Sameea AA JAbd El
Published: February 2022

Two cycles of pedigree selection for lint yield/plant were achieved in two segregating populations of Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.). the genetic materials were the F2, F3 and F4 generation of the cross C.B.58 × Giza 80 (pop. I) and C.B.58 × Giza 85 (pop. II) the phenotypic coefficient of variation (CV) of lint yield/plant was large enough in the F2 generation and accounted for 55.04 and 52.68 in pop I and pop II respectively. However; the CV% of the respective parents were very low reflecting their purity. Broad sense heritability of lint yield/plant was very high (0.97) for pop I and pop II, respectively. And unreliable in the F2 generation, which resulted in high expected genetic advance of 110.35 and 105.71% from the mean) for pop I and pop II, respectively. After Two cycles of selection, the retained genetic coefficient of variability was 34.00 and 13.75 for pop I and pop II, respectively. However, the realized heritability was 0.8665 and 0.3398 for pop 1 and 0.6552 and 0.4500 for pop II in cycle I and cycle 2, respectively. In pop I the direct observed gain was significant (p<0.01) from bulk sample (35.67%) and from the better parent (27.83%). Five superior families were isolated from pop 1 and significant exceeded the better parent and bulk sample in lint yield and correlated traits. in pop II, three superior families No.351, No 169 and No 353 showed significant gain in lint yield of 15.96, 31.17 and 28.07% from the bulk sample, and 27.38, 44.09 and 40.68% from the better parent; respectively. Family No.169, showed significant (p<0.01) correlated gain from better parent of 43.38,4.15, 27.39 and 22.37% for seed cotton yield/plant, lint percentage, number of bolls/plant and boll weight, respectively.
Prevention of Heat Stress During the Keeping of Hen Breeds in the Hot Climate of Azerbaijan
Authors: Allahverdiyev R.
Published: February 2022

The hen’s performance in Azerbaijan is highly valued depending on their content in different climatic zones. As a result of the negative impact of high temperature on the body of Haysex-Brown hens, it traps the effects of egg yield and degrades egg quality. A number of anti-stress drugs have been used in order to reduce the negative impact of high temperatures on the hens body. As a result, the indicators of hens were formed and observed, which were maintained at a physiological level and prevented a decrease in egg yield. In this aspect, the best results were obtained with the use of the drug Lybecrin.
Improvement of Cost Management Mechanisms in the Logistics Chains of the Construction Industry
Authors: Mirsodikov A.
Published: February 2022

The article examines the issue of improving the cost management mechanism in the supply chains of the construction industry, which in recent years has the potential for the rapid development of the Uzbekistan economy. In the course of the study, based on data analysis, the state of changes in construction work at the republican level was studied, an analysis was made of the volume of work performed by regions of the country. A model of market relations in the construction industry is proposed, based on the fact that the control mechanisms of this model consist of organizational and economic mechanisms developed in each direction, the main task of organizational and economic control mechanisms is to ensure the efficiency of the process by influencing the control object.
Formation of Will in Preschool Children in a Young Modern Family
Authors: Konurbaev T. , Sagynbaev E.
Published: February 2022

This article, based on theoretical research and analysis, examines the problems of a child’s formation under the influence of a modern, but often inexperienced family. The paper analyzes the main problems in the upbringing and formation of will in children in a young modern family. The study identifies the difficulties and inexperience of young families in dealing with a child. Also considered the concept of the family, its functions, types, “parenting” and approaches to the definition of family education. Research methods are carried out on the basis of general scientific and life methods, such as generalization of various works of authors in the field of pedagogy and psychology. The concept of “will” refers to the key problems of personality development, which determines the independence, responsibility of the preschooler for being in demand in the future. The relevance of this article is due to the need for psychologists, teachers and parents to improve the already existing approaches of psychological and pedagogical influence on the forming personality, the purpose of which is to develop the independence, initiative, responsibility, purposefulness and determination of the child. The development of the younger generation occurs as a result of relationships with the environment, gaining social experience, mastering specific norms and rules of communication and behavior, including interpersonal relationships with loved ones. Preschool age — the age of the emergence of will as the ability to consciously control their behavior. One of the main factors in the upbringing of will is the regime, a certain order of the child’s life. Accurate implementation of the regime teaches the baby to order, organization, and discipline. The will of the child develops in various types of his activities, when he draws, sculpts, designs, performs various kinds of instructions from adults.
Relevance of Teaching Mathematics in a Medical University
Authors: Abdrasulova S. , Abdrasulova Zh. , Abdullaeva Zh.
Published: February 2022

Research relevance: the article discusses relevance of problem in teaching higher mathematics, considers examples from some sections of mathematics with medical interpretations. Unfortunately, despite the obvious importance of mathematical training for medical doctor profession, its necessity poorly understood not only by junior students, but also by some teachers of specialized departments in medical universities. Research objectives: to reveal the relevance and importance in teaching the mathematics subject in medical universities. Research materials and methods: development of mathematical methods, establishment of specific patterns inherent in random phenomena and the problems of probability theory for teaching mathematics in a medical university. Research results: students must learn to set mathematical problems in medical area and understand tools and how to apply in solving these problems. Conclusions: to improve the mathematics teaching quality to future doctors, a transition is required from the classical teaching of the discipline to teaching methods of technological application of mathematical methods in medical practice.
Production of Hydroxymethylfurfural Derivatives From Furfural Derivatives via Hydroxymethylation
Authors: Lv Xianqing , Luo Xiaolin , Cheng Xin , Liu Jing , Li Changzhi , Shuai Li
Published: February 2022

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) derivatives such as 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) and furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) are promising alternative of fossil-based diols and dicarboxylic acids for synthesis of polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, high cost for preparing HMF from biomass discourages the commercialization of HMF-derived polyesters. Since producing furfural (FUR) from five-carbon sugars (e.g., xylose) via dehydration is an inexpensive and commercialized process, we herein reported a method to synthesize BHMF derivatives (5-(ethoxymethyl)furan-2-methanol (EMFM), 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan monoacetate (BHMFM) and 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan diacetate (BHMFD) from furfural derivatives, i.e., (2-(ethoxymethyl)furan (EMF) and furfuryl acetate (FA)). To avoid strong acid-induced side reactions (e.g., furan ring opening, condensation and carbonization), two reaction systems, i.e., a low-concentration HCl aqueous solution combined with formaldehyde and anhydrous acetic acid combined with paraformaldehyde, were found to be suitable for such a hydroxymethylation reaction and could lead to decent product yields. In order to improve the carbon utilization, condensed furanic byproducts were further converted into hydrocarbon fuels via a reported two-step hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process. This study not only validates the possibility of synthesizing functional HMF derivatives (EMFM, BHMFM, and BHMFD) from commercially-available FUR derivatives (EMF and FA), but also provide a new way to transform condensed furanics to value-added hydrocarbon fuels.
Tumor Hybrid Cells: Nature and Biological Significance
Authors: Tretyakova Maria S. , Subbalakshmi Ayalur R. , Menyailo Maxim E. , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Denisov Evgeny V.
Published: February 2022

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death and can be realized through the phenomenon of tumor cell fusion. The fusion of tumor cells with other tumor or normal cells leads to the appearance of tumor hybrid cells (THCs) exhibiting novel properties such as increased proliferation and migration, drug resistance, decreased apoptosis rate, and avoiding immune surveillance. Experimental studies showed the association of THCs with a high frequency of cancer metastasis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Many other questions also remain to be answered: the role of genetic alterations in tumor cell fusion, the molecular landscape of cells after fusion, the lifetime and fate of different THCs, and the specific markers of THCs, and their correlation with various cancers and clinicopathological parameters. In this review, we discuss the factors and potential mechanisms involved in the occurrence of THCs, the types of THCs, and their role in cancer drug resistance and metastasis, as well as potential therapeutic approaches for the prevention, and targeting of tumor cell fusion. In conclusion, we emphasize the current knowledge gaps in the biology of THCs that should be addressed to develop highly effective therapeutics and strategies for metastasis suppression.
A Stroll Through the History of Monoxenous Trypanosomatids Infection in Vertebrate Hosts
Authors: Boucinha Carolina , Andrade-Neto Valter Viana , Ennes-Vidal Vítor , Branquinha Marta Helena , Santos André Luis Souza dos , Torres-Santos Eduardo Caio , d’Avila-Levy Claudia Masini
Published: February 2022

The Trypanosomatidae family encompasses unicellular flagellates and obligate parasites of invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants. Trypanosomatids are traditionally divided into heteroxenous, characterized by the alternation of the life cycle between an insect vector and a plant or a vertebrate host, including humans being responsible for severe diseases; and monoxenous, which are presumably unique parasites of invertebrate hosts. Interestingly, studies reporting the occurrence of these monoxenous trypanosomatids in humans have been gradually increasing, either associated with Leishmania co-infection, or supposedly alone either in immunocompromised or even more sporadically in immunocompetent hosts. This review summarizes the first reports that raised the hypothesis that monoxenous trypanosomatids could be found in vertebrate hosts till the most current reports on the occurrence of Crithidia spp. alone in immunocompetent human patients.
Response of Temperature-Related Rice Disaster to Different Warming Levels Under an RCP8.5 Emission Scenario in a Major Rice Production Region of China
Authors: Luo Shuangyi , Jiang Zhihong , Chou Jieming , Tu Gang , Wang Shuyu
Published: February 2022

Rice is the basic food for about 50% of the global population, and feeds two-thirds of the Chinese population. Under the influence of global change, extreme weather, and climate events increase in frequency, duration, and intensity, which affect food production substantially. In the medium-to-long term in the future, the impacts of climate change on food availability are likely to grow. In this work, we first define the rice damage indices and then use surface observation and regional climate downscaling results from the variable resolution model LMDZ4 driven by the six Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) to describe the temporal-spatial characteristics and the future changes of the temperature-related rice damages in Northeast China and Central and East China, the major commercial rice production regions in China. Compared with the observation, LMDZ4 demonstrates its ability to reproduce the regional characteristics of both heat and chilling rice damages. Based on the future regional projections under the RCP8.5 pathway, future changes of rice damage under four temperature-rising categories of 1.5, 2, 3, and 4°C are estimated. In the two rice production regions, the future extent of heat-related damage for Northeast China is mostly limited to the western area, and the occurrence of heat damage generally increases with global warming levels, particularly when it is higher than 2°C. For Central and East China, the heat-related rice damage increases in both coverage and intensity. The region is also likely to have a faster increasing rate of heat damage than in Northeast China. When global warming reaches 3 and 4°C, the median heat-related damage spreads over almost the whole region of Central and East China. Moreover, the probability of regional-scale heavy level heat damage would be over 50% by the end of twenty-first century. On the other hand, the disastrous impact of a cold event affecting rice yield is reduced in both coverage and duration although the model projections over Northeast China show larger intermodel variability and uncertainty.
The Next Black Box of Formative Assessment: A Model of the Internal Mechanisms of Feedback Processing
Authors: Lui Angela M. , Andrade Heidi L.
Published: February 2022

In this theoretical paper, we shift the attention from feedback as something given to feedback as something received. After Black and Wiliam shined a light into the black box of the classroom and identified formative assessment as a way to raise standards of achievement, a large body of research revealed the influence of feedback on learning. Not all such influences were positive, however, which created a need for closer examinations of the nature of feedback. In addition, recent scholarship on assessment as the co-regulation of learning reveals the importance of understanding how students process and use feedback. We present a model of the internal mechanisms of feedback processing that represents hypothesized ways in which initial motivational states drive how students respond to feedback, as well as the cognitive and affective mechanisms of assessment information processing. We first synthesize a review of existing models and then describe our model in detail, emphasizing the internal mechanisms of feedback processing: initial motivational states, emotions elicited by and interpretations of feedback, and decision-making. The paper concludes with implications for the model’s use as a framework for empirical studies that could contribute to the nascent field of research on classroom assessment as the co-regulation of learning.
Early Rise of Serum hCG in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Women With Live Birth Through In Vitro Fertilization Procedure
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhang Li-Feng , Li Yi-Ting , Hu Tian-Xiao , Chen Dan-Qing , Tian Yong-Hong
Published: February 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. The characteristics of early human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels and the rise pattern in patients with GDM after in vitro fertilization (IVF) are unclear. The present investigation was a retrospective cohort analysis of eligible viable pregnancies achieved through IVF in the authors’ hospital between October 2015 and June 2020. The characteristics of initial hCG concentration and the rise pattern in patients with GDM after IVF, and the difference between those of normoglycemic pregnant women, were explored. Using random-effects models, the preferred pattern to describe the increase in log hCG was a quadratic. When gestational age was within 39 days, the linear model adequately characterized the profile, and the average slope was 0.173, yielding a predicted increase of 1.55 (55%) in 1 day and 3.11 (211%) in 2 days. Absolute hCG values—but not the rate of rise—were significantly higher in double embryo transfers and twin pregnancies. Curves reflecting hCG rise from the GDM and non-GDM groups did not differ substantially. The proportion of patients with low initial hCG values (16 days post-oocyte retrieval <100 mIU/ml) was higher in the GDM group (5% vs. 2.09%), although the difference was not statistically significant. Early hCG rise in pregnant women after IVF—whether GDM or non-GDM—could be characterized by quadratic and linear models. However, hCG values on days 14 and 16 post-oocyte retrieval in the GDM group were lower than those in the non-GDM group, with the exception of twin pregnancies. Low hCG values in early pregnancy may be a clue to help predict GDM in the subsequent gestation period.