bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Fingerprints for the Paleoenvironmental Evolutions Since the Last Deglaciation: Evidence From the Northwestern South China Sea Sediments
Authors: Sun Qishun , Jiang Zhaoxia , Xiao Chunfeng , Chen Long , Liu Wanxin , He Kuang , Guan Yulong , Zhang Yuzhen , Wang Haosen , Chen Liang , Yin Zhengxin , Li Sanzhong
Published: March 2024

Rapid global changes since the last deglaciation can be well documented in marginal sea sediments, while isolating individual paleoenvironmental signals is still challenging. Here, we identified magnetic minerals and unmixed their variations in sediments from the northwestern South China Sea to decipher environmental variations since the last deglaciation. The variation in the hematite to goethite ratio indicates a relatively drier mid‐Holocene and a wetter early and late Holocene in the Red River catchment. The position shift and intensity variation of Western Pacific Subtropical High may account for the Holocene precipitation changes. A higher chemical weathering intensity accompanied by a relatively more fine‐grained magnetite input during the last deglaciation suggests decoupling of the Asian Summer Monsoon and chemical weathering in the catchment, which might have been caused by the shelf exposure during the deglaciation. In addition, the relative abundance of biogenic magnetite increased with the sea level and possible deep‐water temperature rise. Therefore, magnetic minerals such as hematite, goethite, detrital and biogenic magnetite are markedly potential fingerprints for continent‐ocean environmental changes.
Significant Midlatitude Bubble‐Like Ionospheric Super‐Depletion Structure (BLISS) and Dynamic Variation of Storm‐Enhanced Density Plume During the 23 April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Aa Ercha , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Zou Shasha , Wang Wenbin , Wang Zihan , Cai Xuguang , Erickson Philip J. , Coster Anthea J.
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the midlatitude ionospheric disturbances over the American/Atlantic longitude sector during an intense geomagnetic storm on 23 April 2023. The study utilized a combination of ground‐based observations (Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content and ionosonde) along with measurements from multiple satellite missions (GOLD, Swarm, Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, and TIMED/GUVI) to analyze storm‐time electrodynamics and neutral dynamics. We found that the storm main phase was characterized by distinct midlatitude ionospheric density gradient structures as follows: (a) In the European‐Atlantic longitude sector, a significant midlatitude bubble‐like ionospheric super‐depletion structure (BLISS) was observed after sunset. This BLISS appeared as a low‐density channel extending poleward/westward and reached ∼40° geomagnetic latitude, corresponding to an APEX height of ∼5,000 km. (b) Coincident with the BLISS, a dynamic storm‐enhanced density plume rapidly formed and decayed at local afternoon in the North American sector, with the plume intensity being doubled and halved in just a few hours. (c) The simultaneous occurrence of these strong yet opposite midlatitude gradient structures could be mainly attributed to common key drivers of prompt penetration electric fields and subauroral polarization stream electric fields. This shed light on the important role of storm‐time electrodynamic processes in shaping global ionospheric disturbances.
Targeting the innate immune system in pediatric and adult AML
Authors: Perzolli Alicia , Koedijk Joost B. , Zwaan C. Michel , Heidenreich Olaf
Published: March 2024

While the introduction of T cell-based immunotherapies has improved outcomes in many cancer types, the development of immunotherapies for both adult and pediatric AML has been relatively slow and limited. In addition to the need to identify suitable target antigens, a better understanding of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is necessary for the design of novel immunotherapy approaches. To date, most immune characterization studies in AML have focused on T cells, while innate immune lineages such as monocytes, granulocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, received less attention. In solid cancers, studies have shown that innate immune cells, such as macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and neutrophils are highly plastic and may differentiate into immunosuppressive cells depending on signals received in their microenvironment, while NK cells appear to be functionally impaired. Hence, an in-depth characterization of the innate immune compartment in the TME is urgently needed to guide the development of immunotherapeutic interventions for AML. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the innate immune compartment in AML, and we discuss how targeting its components may enhance T cell-based- and other immunotherapeutic approaches.
Advanced construction strategies to obtain nanocomposite hydrogels for bone repair and regeneration
Authors: Ding Wang , Ge Yuxiang , Zhang Tikai , Zhang Cheng , Yin Xiaofan
Published: March 2024

Bone tissue engineering is pivotal in facilitating bone reconstruction by promoting persistent angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Initially, the hot gel composite hydrogel scaffold technique was employed. However, to address various limitations, numerous gel structures have since been developed, including osteogenic gellan gels, semi-interpenetrating network hydrogels, photoinduced crosslinking methacrylate gels, and supramolecular hydrogels. This review examines the mechanisms, formation principles, and medical benefits of these gel structures. In addition, novel bioengineering techniques to regulate human bone growth are expected to emerge in the future. This work is expected to significantly expedite the advancement of hydrogel membranes in the field of bone repair.
Mediterranean-style dietary interventions in adults with cancer: a systematic review of the methodological approaches, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy
Authors: McHugh Aoife , O’Connell Ellie , Gurd Bridie , Rae Paige , George Elena S. , Kleckner Amber S. , Baguley Brenton J.
Published: March 2024

Background

Cancer and its treatments can lead to excess body fat, decreases in lean mass, cardiotoxicity, and other side effects. The Mediterranean diet (MED-diet) has the potential to improve clinical and supportive care outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the MED-diet on health outcomes in adults with cancer.

Methods

Three databases were searched from inception to February 2023. Eligible studies included randomised controlled trials testing a MED-diet intervention among adults with cancer. Within- and between-group differences for adherence, dietary intake and health outcomes were extracted.

Results

Fifteen studies describing fourteen interventions were included, and there were considerable differences in study design and implementation of the MED-diet. Studies were predominately in women with a history of breast cancer. The MED-diet was safe with no adverse events reported, and feasible with high adherence and/or increases in MED-diet-compliant foods. The MED-diet when applied with an energy restriction below estimated requirements for weight loss demonstrated reductions in body weight (range: −3.9 kg to −0.7 kg). Interventions that showed significant reductions in body weight also improved quality of life. There is limited evidence to evaluating the MED-diet on cardiovascular and inflammatory markers, and heterogenous MED-diet prescriptions impede definitive conclusions on these health outcomes.

Conclusion

The MED-diet was feasible and safe for adults with cancer. There were reported benefits for weight loss following a MED-diet when an energy restriction was applied, however further evaluation to determine the effects on cardiometabolic biomarkers and other outcomes are required.
Demonstration and imaging of cryogenic magneto-thermoelectric cooling in a van der Waals semimetal
Authors: Völkl T. , Aharon-Steinberg A. , Holder T. , Alpern E. , Banu N. , Pariari A. K. , Myasoedov Y. , Huber M. E. , Hücker M. , Zeldov E.
Published: March 2024

Attaining viable thermoelectric cooling at cryogenic temperatures is of considerable fundamental and technological interest for electronics and quantum materials applications. In-device temperature control can provide more efficient and precise thermal environment management compared with conventional global cooling. The application of a current and perpendicular magnetic field gives rise to cooling by generating electron–hole pairs on one side of the sample and to heating due to their recombination on the opposite side, which is known as the Ettingshausen effect. Here we develop nanoscale cryogenic imaging of the magneto-thermoelectric effect and demonstrate absolute cooling and an Ettingshausen effect in exfoliated WTe2 Weyl semimetal flakes at liquid He temperatures. In contrast to bulk materials, the cooling is non-monotonic with respect to the magnetic field and device size. Our model of magneto-thermoelectricity in mesoscopic semimetal devices shows that the cooling efficiency and the induced temperature profiles are governed by the interplay between sample geometry, electron–hole recombination length, magnetic field, and flake and substrate heat conductivities. The observations open the way for the direct integration of microscopic thermoelectric cooling and for temperature landscape engineering in van der Waals devices.
A small-molecule TNIK inhibitor targets fibrosis in preclinical and clinical models
Authors: Ren Feng , Aliper Alex , Chen Jian , Zhao Heng , Rao Sujata , Kuppe Christoph , Ozerov Ivan V. , Zhang Man , Witte Klaus , Kruse Chris , Aladinskiy Vladimir , Ivanenkov Yan , Polykovskiy Daniil , Fu Yanyun , Babin Eugene , Qiao Junwen , Liang Xing , Mou Zhenzhen , Wang Hui , Pun Frank W. , Torres-Ayuso Pedro , Veviorskiy Alexander , Song Dandan , Liu Sang , Zhang Bei , Naumov Vladimir , Ding Xiaoqiang , Kukharenko Andrey , Izumchenko Evgeny , Zhavoronkov Alex
Published: March 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aggressive interstitial lung disease with a high mortality rate. Putative drug targets in IPF have failed to translate into effective therapies at the clinical level. We identify TRAF2- and NCK-interacting kinase (TNIK) as an anti-fibrotic target using a predictive artificial intelligence (AI) approach. Using AI-driven methodology, we generated INS018_055, a small-molecule TNIK inhibitor, which exhibits desirable drug-like properties and anti-fibrotic activity across different organs in vivo through oral, inhaled or topical administration. INS018_055 possesses anti-inflammatory effects in addition to its anti-fibrotic profile, validated in multiple in vivo studies. Its safety and tolerability as well as pharmacokinetics were validated in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial (NCT05154240) involving 78 healthy participants. A separate phase I trial in China, CTR20221542, also demonstrated comparable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. This work was completed in roughly 18 months from target discovery to preclinical candidate nomination and demonstrates the capabilities of our generative AI-driven drug-discovery pipeline.
Internal stress transfer characteristics of coal–rock medium under concentrated force based on particle flow method
Authors: Wu Yongping , Tang Yepeng , Xie Panshi , Hu Bosheng , Lang Ding , Wang Hongwei
Published: March 2024

To solve the problem that the macroscopic deformation and failure of coal–rock medium under external loads are easy to be observed while the internal stress transfer mode and path are unclear. Based on the discrete element idea, the numerical models for pure coal or rock samples and coal–rock combination samples with different lithologies and combination methods under concentrated force are established by PFC2D software. Then the influence of coal or rock strength and combination methods on the internal stress transfer law and distribution evolution characteristics of coal–rock medium are discussed from the perspectives of macroscopic stress and mesoscopic force chain, respectively. The results showed that under concentrated load, the macroscopic stress transfer paths within pure coal or rock samples and coal–rock combination samples are primarily in the form of ‘point source radiation’. However, when transferring between coal–rock interfaces, there is a certain interface effect. For pure coal or rock samples, differences in lithology does not change the transfer rules and macro distribution patterns of internal stress, but it can cause changes in internal unit transfer stress value and local area transfer direction. For coal–rock combination samples, the greater the difference in lithology between the two sides of the interface, the more likely the interface effect will occur. In addition, the internal stress transfer is also influenced by the relative stratigraphic relationships of coal and rock. When the stress is transferred from a higher-strength rock to a lower-strength coal mass, the interface effect will be more significant. However, regardless of the combination pattern, the locations where significant stress surges occur are always within the higher strength rock mass near the interface. The findings are helpful to understand the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of mining coal and rock mass, and provide a theoretical basis for the study of the mining-induced mechanical behavior of the floor under the action of the coal pillar.
Role of klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 in arterial calcification, thickness, and stiffness: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Wungu Citrawati Dyah Kencono , Susilo Hendri , Alsagaff Mochamad Yusuf , Witarto Bendix Samarta , Witarto Andro Pramana , Pakpahan Cennikon , Gusnanto Arief
Published: March 2024

This meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the role of klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) in human arterial remodeling across recent studies, in terms of arterial calcification, thickness, and stiffness. A systematic literature search was conducted on five databases for articles up to December 2023. Arterial calcification, thickness, and stiffness were determined using the calcification score and artery affected, carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), and pulse wave velocity (PWV), respectively. Sixty-two studies with a total of 27,459 individuals were included in this meta-analysis. Most studies involved chronic kidney disease patients. Study designs were mostly cross-sectional with only one case–control and nine cohorts. FGF-23 was positively correlated with arterial calcification (r = 0.446 [0.254–0.611], p < 0.0001 and aOR = 1.36 [1.09–1.69], p = 0.006), CIMT (r = 0.188 [0.02–0.354], p = 0.03), and PWV (r = 0.235 [0.159–0.310], p < 0.00001). By contrast, Klotho was inversely correlated with arterial calcification (r = − 0.388 [− 0.578 to − 0.159], p = 0.001) and CIMT (r = − 0.38 [− 0.53 to − 0.207], p < 0.00001). In conclusion, FGF-23 and Klotho were associated with arterial calcification, thickness, and stiffness, clarifying their role in arterial remodeling processes.
Estrogen receptor activation remodels TEAD1 gene expression to alleviate hepatic steatosis
Authors: Sommerauer Christian , Gallardo-Dodd Carlos J , Savva Christina , Hases Linnea , Birgersson Madeleine , Indukuri Rajitha , Shen Joanne X , Carravilla Pablo , Geng Keyi , Nørskov Søndergaard Jonas , Ferrer-Aumatell Clàudia , Mercier Grégoire , Sezgin Erdinc , Korach-André Marion , Petersson Carl , Hagström Hannes , Lauschke Volker M , Archer Amena , Williams Cecilia , Kutter Claudia
Published: March 2024

Sex-based differences in obesity-related hepatic malignancies suggest the protective roles of estrogen. Using a preclinical model, we dissected estrogen receptor (ER) isoform-driven molecular responses in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver diseases of male and female mice treated with or without an estrogen agonist by integrating liver multi-omics data. We found that selective ER activation recovers HFD-induced molecular and physiological liver phenotypes. HFD and systemic ER activation altered core liver pathways, beyond lipid metabolism, that are consistent between mice and primates. By including patient cohort data, we uncovered that ER-regulated enhancers govern central regulatory and metabolic genes with clinical significance in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients, including the transcription factor TEAD1. TEAD1 expression increased in MASLD patients, and its downregulation by short interfering RNA reduced intracellular lipid content. Subsequent TEAD small molecule inhibition improved steatosis in primary human hepatocyte spheroids by suppressing lipogenic pathways. Thus, TEAD1 emerged as a new therapeutic candidate whose inhibition ameliorates hepatic steatosis.
Copper-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative aza-Wacker reaction of indole
Authors: Wang Bi , Liang Ren-Xiao , Shen Zhen-Lu , Jia Yi-Xia
Published: March 2024

A copper-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative amination of indoles via a formal aza-Wacker reaction is described, affording polycyclic indolines bearing exocyclic CC bonds in moderate to excellent yields with molecular oxygen as an oxidant.
Effects of nucleating agents on the II–I transition of iPB-1
Authors: Li Zhiqi , Li Jingqing , Jiang Shichun
Published: March 2024

For iPB-1, II–I transition is of industrial importance; whereas, the traditional solid–solid II–I transition mechanism encountered challenges. It is form I formation in amorphous phase that triggers II-I transition with crystal reorganizations.
Downshift of the Ni d band center over Ni nanoparticles in situ confined within an amorphous silicon nitride matrix
Authors: Asakuma Norifumi , Tada Shotaro , Tamura Tomoyuki , Kawaguchi Erika , Honda Sawao , Asaka Toru , Bouzid Assil , Bernard Samuel , Iwamoto Yuji
Published: March 2024

More covalent Ni–N bonds at Ni/amorphous Si3N4 heterointerfaces resulted in downshifting the Ni d band centerand facilitating H2 desorption.
Prussian blue analogue-derived high-entropy alloy nanoarchitectonics for efficient Fenton-like catalysis
Authors: Yao Yiyuan , Wang Shifu , Wang Chaohai , Wu Zetong , Xiao Chengming , Guo Xin , Yan Xin , Qi Junwen , Zhou Yujun , Zhu Zhigao , Yang Yue , Li Xuning , Li Jiansheng
Published: March 2024

The FeCoMnNiCuNC system accelerates the simultaneous generation of versatile FeIVO and ˙OH by the cooperation of highly active Fe, Co, Mn sites and secondary active Ni, Cu sites, along with the promoting efficiency in oxidating emerging pollutants.
Utilising Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to track the oxidation of lignin by an alkaliphilic laccase
Authors: Towle Zak , Cruickshank Faye , Mackay C. Logan , Clarke David J. , Horsfall Louise E.
Published: March 2024

Herein, we outline a method to semi-quantitatively analyse and track the enzymatic oxidation of lignin using high resolution mass spectrometry.
Pd(ii)-catalyzed hydroarylations/hydroalkenylations of terminal alkynes: regioselective synthesis of allylic, homoallylic, and 1,3-diene systems
Authors: Shinde Jivan , Suresh Sundaram , Kavala Veerababurao , Yao Ching-Fa
Published: March 2024

A Pd-catalyzed regioselective hydroarylation/hydroalkenylation of terminal alkynes containing a heteroatom has been developed via carbopalladation for the synthesis of allylic ethers, amines, homoallylic alcohols and 1,3-dienes.
F-free etching and ingenious construction of hydrogel layer-prepared MXene membranes for oily wastewater separation
Authors: Long Xuan , Zheng Yijian , Hu Jun , Wang Rongtong , Luo Wenjie , Han Kai , Jiao Feipeng
Published: March 2024

A strategy for the green and safe preparation of MXene-based membranes with hydrogel-packed Ti3C2Tx.
Organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrization of enal-tethered cyclohexane-1,3-diones
Authors: Magham Lakshmi Revati , Samad Abdus , Thopate Satish B. , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Chegondi Rambabu
Published: March 2024

Organocatalytic asymmetric desymmetrization of prochiral cyclohexane-1,3-diones has been demonstrated through the merging of iminium and enamine activation.
Spatially ordered NiOOH-ZnS/CdS heterostructures with an efficient photo-carrier transmission channel for markedly improved H2 production
Authors: Xin Xinxin , Qiu Yuanxin , Jiang Chuan , Li Yanyan , Wang Hui , Xu Jixiang , Lin Haifeng , Wang Lei , Turkevych Volodymyr
Published: March 2024

Spatially-ordered 1D nanocrystal-based NiOOH-ZnS/CdS heterostructures with efficient photo-carrier transmission channel were constructed to exhibit distinguished photocatalytic performance for visible light-induced H2 production.
Largely enhanced energy harvesting performances of DEGs by constructing all-organic dielectric composites with a soft and deformable filler
Authors: Liu Xueying , Li Weibo , Jiang Yingjie , Ning Nanying , Tian Ming
Published: March 2024

This study presents high-performance all-organic DE composites for DEGs by designing a soft dielectric filler with exceptional deformability under stretching.
Sustainable CO2 adsorbent via amine–phosphate coupling of glycated chitosan and electrochemically exfoliated graphene
Authors: Pal Sucharita , Roberts Edward P. L. , Trifkovic Milana , Natale Giovanniantonio
Published: March 2024

This study presents novel insights into inducing mesoporosity in aerogels using the amine–phosphate link between glycated chitosan and electrochemically exfoliated graphene.
An interweaving 3D ion-conductive network binder for high-loading and lean-electrolyte lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Chen Jing , Geng Xin , Wang Chenyang , Hou Xu , Wang Hailong , Rong Qinlang , Sun Nuo , Liu Wei , Hu Linyu , Fu Xiaowei , Lei Jingxin , Liu Zhimeng , He Xin
Published: March 2024

A waterborne multifunctional 3D network binder is elaborately developed for lithium–sulfur batteries to accommodate the volume expansion, adsorb lithium polysulfides, and provide satisfactory Li-ion conductivity under lean electrolyte conditions.
Nasal/Oral Vowel Perception in French-Speaking Children With Cochlear Implants and Children With Typical Hearing
Authors: Fagniart Sophie , Delvaux Véronique , Harmegnies Bernard , Huberlant Anne , Huet Kathy , Piccaluga Myriam , Watterman Isabelle , Charlier Brigitte
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

The present study investigates the perception of vowel nasality in French-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs; CI group) and children with typical hearing (TH; TH group) aged 4–12 years. By investigating the vocalic nasality feature in French, the study aims to document more broadly the effects of the acoustic limitations of CI in processing segments characterized by acoustic cues that require optimal spectral resolution. The impact of various factors related to children's characteristics, such as chronological/auditory age, age of implantation, and exposure to cued speech, has been studied on performance, and the acoustic characteristics of the stimuli in perceptual tasks have also been investigated.

Method:

Identification and discrimination tasks involving French nasal and oral vowels were administered to two groups of children: 13 children with CIs (CI group) and 25 children with TH (TH group) divided into three age groups (4–6 years, 7–9 years, and 10–12 years). French nasal vowels were paired with their oral phonological counterpart (phonological pairing) as well as to the closest oral vowel in terms of phonetic proximity (phonetic pairing). Post hoc acoustic analyses of the stimuli were linked to the performance in perception.

Results:

The results indicate an effect of the auditory status on the performance in the two tasks, with the CI group performing at a lower level than the TH group. However, the scores of the children in the CI group are well above chance level, exceeding 80%. The most common errors in identification were substitutions between nasal vowels and phonetically close oral vowels as well as confusions between the phoneme /u/ and other oral vowels. Phonetic pairs showed lower discrimination performance in the CI group with great variability in the results. Age effects were observed only in TH children for nasal vowel identification, whereas in children with CIs, a positive impact of cued speech practice and early implantation was found. Differential links between performance and acoustic characteristics were found within our groups, suggesting that in children with CIs, selective use of certain acoustic features, presumed to be better transmitted by the implant, leads to better perceptual performance.

Conclusions:

The study's results reveal specific challenges in children with CIs when processing segments characterized by fine spectral resolution cues. However, the CI children in our study appear to effectively compensate for these difficulties by utilizing various acoustic cues assumed to be well transmitted by the implant, such as cues related to the temporal resolution of stimuli.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25328704
Improved reputation evaluation for reliable federated learning on blockchain
Authors: Sui Jiacheng , Li Yi , Huang Hai
Published: March 2024

Worker selection is critical to the success of federated learning, but issues such as inadequate incentives and poor‐quality data can negatively impact the process. The existing studies have used the multi‐weight subjective logic model, but it is vulnerable to malicious evaluation and unfair to newly added nodes. In this paper, the authors propose an improved reputation evaluation algorithm that allows evaluations from different sources to influence each other and reduce the impact of malicious comments. The authors’ approach effectively distinguishes between malicious and honest users and improves worker selection and collaboration in federated learning.
A symmetric 8T2R NVSRAM with autosave function
Authors: Su Bowen , Cai Jueping , Zhang Yuxin , Wang Yiding
Published: March 2024

This letter presented a symmetric 8T2R NVSRAM with autosave function. By efficiently multiplexing the node voltages, the control of the nonvolatile memristor and the isolation of the data node from the memristor are achieved, which ensures an instantaneous transition to the memristor state. Store and restore can be achieved within 66.1ps and 2.97 ps in case of VDD is 1 V for the worst case. In addition, the 8T2R structure performs well at lower supply voltages as 243.3 mV for STORE and 411.8 mV for RESTORE. When a 10%‐dimensional error of the devices and 10% memristance mismatch are taken into account, the 8T2R still shows high stability.
Interval analysis of the small‐signal stability of grid‐connected voltage‐source converter system considering multiparameter uncertainty
Authors: Ouyang Fuxin , Shao Zhenguo , Jiang Changxu , Zhang Yan , Chen Feixiong
Published: March 2024

Grid‐connected voltage source converters (VSCs) have been broadly applied in modern power system. However, instability issues may be triggered by the integration of grid‐connected VSCs, jeopardising the operation of the power grid. Conventional stability analysis methods can be utilised to derive system stability margins under nominal conditions. Whereas grid‐connected VSCs inevitably operate under multiparameter uncertainty, which may result in overly optimistic or even incorrect estimations of stability margins, thereby posing potential risks to system operation. To address this issue, an interval small‐signal stability analysis approach is proposed to investigate the system stability under multiparameter uncertainty. First, the interval state‐space model of the grid‐connected VSC system is constructed based on interval symbolic linearisation. Furthermore, the interval eigenvalue decomposition is introduced to calculate the interval eigenvalue distribution of the interval state‐space model. Eventually, the upper bounds of the real part of the dominant interval eigenvalues are utilised for deriving interval stable parameter regions. Results of Monte Carlo analysis and time‐domain simulations of the grid‐connected VSC system are utilised to verify the effectiveness of the proposed interval stability analysis method.
A network search space reduction method for robust coordinated energy storage and transmission expansion planning
Authors: Yang Qian , Wang Jianxue , Zhang Yao , Li Qingtao
Published: March 2024

The development of renewable energy will increase the demand for flexible resources in power systems due to the strong uncertainties. To allocate resources and cope with these uncertainties, it is beneficial to apply robust coordinated energy storage and transmission expansion planning (ES&TEP). The large candidate line set can significantly increase the computational complexity of robust optimization models. However, there is currently no suitable network search space reduction (NSSR) method to address this problem. This paper designs a NSSR method based on redundancy constraint identification that only requires information on component power ranges rather than fixed power curves, which can be well adapted to robust optimization. Additionally, this method requires only basic numerical calculations and ensures convergence within a finite number of iterations. The classical stochastic robust ES&TEP model and the column and constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm are used to validate the effectiveness of the NSSR method. In the case studies, the numerical results confirm the rationality and effectiveness of the approach proposed in this paper. By selecting appropriate parameters, the candidate line set can be reduced by over 70% and the computational efficiency can be improved by an order of magnitude.
Brain tumour segmentation framework with deep nuanced reasoning and Swin‐T
Authors: Xu Yang , Yu Kun , Qi Guanqiu , Gong Yifei , Qu Xiaolong , Yin Li , Yang Pan
Published: March 2024

Tumour medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in clinical imaging diagnosis. Existing research has achieved good results, enabling the segmentation of three tumour regions in MRI brain tumour images. Existing models have limited focus on the brain tumour areas, and the long‐term dependency of features is weakened as the network depth increases, resulting in blurred edge segmentation of the targets. Additionally, considering the excellent segmentation performance of the Swin Transformer(Swin‐T) network, its network structure and parameters are relatively large. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a brain tumour segmentation framework with deep nuanced reasoning and Swin‐T. It is mainly composed of the backbone hybrid network (BHN) and the deep micro texture extraction module (DMTE). The BHN combines the Swin‐T stage with a new downsampling transition module called dual path feature reasoning (DPFR). The entire network framework is designed to extract global and local features from multi‐modal data, enabling it to capture and analyze deep texture features in multi‐modal images. It provides significant optimization over the Swin‐T network structure. Experimental results on the BraTS dataset demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art models in terms of segmentation performance. The corresponding source codes are available at https://github.com/CurbUni/Brain‐Tumor‐Segmentation‐Framework‐with‐Deep‐Nuanced‐Reasoning‐and‐Swin‐T.
SWPanGAN: A hybrid generative adversarial network for pansharpening
Authors: Huang Bo , Li Xiongfei , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: March 2024

Pansharpening is a vital technique in remote sensing that combines a low‐resolution multi‐spectral image with its corresponding panchromatic image to obtain a high‐resolution multi‐spectral image. Despite its potential benefits, the challenge lies in extracting features from the source images and eliminating artefacts in the fused images. In response to the challenge, a hybrid generative adversarial network‐based model, termed SWPanGAN, is proposed. For better feature extraction, the conventional convolution neural network is replaced with a Swin transformer in the generator, which provides the generator with the ability to model long‐range dependencies. Additionally, to suppress artefacts, a wavelet‐based discriminator is proposed for effectively distinguishing the frequency discrepancy. With these modifications, both the generator and discriminator networks of SWPanGAN are enhanced. Extensive experiments illustrate that our SWPanGAN can generate high‐quality pansharpening images and surpass other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Enhanced complex wire fault diagnosis via integration of time domain reflectometry and particle swarm optimization with least square support vector machine
Authors: Laib Abderrzak , Chelabi Mohamed , Terriche Yacine , Melit Mohammed , Boudjefdjouf Hamza , Ahmed Hafiz , Chedjara Zakaria
Published: March 2024

Urban power systems rely on intricate wire networks, known as the power grid, which form the essential electric infrastructure in cities. While these networks transmit electricity from power plants to consumers, they are vulnerable to faults caused by manufacturing errors and improper installation, posing risks to system integrity. Thus, accurate identification and assessment of these faults are crucial to prevent damage and maintain system reliability. The objective of this research is to present an innovative and efficient methodology for diagnosing complex wire networks through the application of time domain reflectometry (TDR) combined with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm. This research addresses the imperative need to accurately locate and assess breakage faults within wire networks, emphasizing their role in both power transmission and communication infrastructure. To model the TDR answer of a specific complex wire network, a forward model is established utilizing resistance, inductance, capacitance and conductance (RLCG) parameters and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Subsequently, the PSO‐LSSVM approach is used to solve the inverse problem of localizing faults in complex wire networks. The experimental results validate the practicality of this approach in real‐world systems.
The hot circumgalactic media of massive cluster satellites in the TNG-Cluster simulation: Existence and detectability
Authors: Rohr Eric , Pillepich Annalisa , Nelson Dylan , Ayromlou Mohammadreza , Zinger Elad
Published: March 2024

The most massive galaxy clusters in the Universe host tens to hundreds of massive satellite galaxies M⋆ ∼ 1010 − 12.5 M⊙, but it is unclear if these satellites are able to retain their own gaseous atmospheres. We analyze the evolution of ≈90 000 satellites of stellar mass ∼109 − 12.5 M⊙ around 352 galaxy clusters of mass M200c ∼ 1014.3 − 15.4 M⊙ at z = 0 from the new TNG-Cluster suite of cosmological magneto-hydrodynamical galaxy cluster simulations. The number of massive satellites per host increases with host mass, and the mass–richness relation broadly agrees with observations. A halo of mass M200chost ∼ 1014.5(1015) M⊙ hosts ∼100 (300) satellites today. Only a minority of satellites retain some gas, hot or cold, and this fraction increases with stellar mass. lower-mass satellites ∼109 − 10 M⊙ are more likely to retain part of their cold interstellar medium, consistent with ram pressure preferentially removing hot extended gas first. At higher stellar masses ∼1010.5 − 12.5 M⊙, the fraction of gas-rich satellites increases to unity, and nearly all satellites retain a sizeable portion of their hot, spatially extended circumgalactic medium (CGM), despite the ejective activity of their supermassive black holes. According to TNG-Cluster, the CGM of these gaseous satellites can be seen in soft X-ray emission (0.5−2.0 keV) that is, ≳10 times brighter than the local background. This X-ray surface brightness excess around satellites extends to ≈30 − 100 kpc, and is strongest for galaxies with higher stellar masses and larger host-centric distances. Approximately 10% of the soft X-ray emission in cluster outskirts ≈0.75 − 1.5 R200c originates from satellites. The CGM of member galaxies reflects the dynamics of cluster-satellite interactions and contributes to the observationally inferred properties of the intracluster medium.
Impact of extracorporeal haemoadsorption during prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass on the incidence of acute kidney injury
Authors: Jabayeva Nilufar , Bekishev Bolat , Lesbekov Timur , Nurmykhametova Zhuldyz , Kaliyev Rymbay , Faizov Linar , Kuanyshbek Aidyn , Samalavicius Robertas
Published: March 2024

The usage of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiothoracic surgery contributes to the activation of the inflammatory response. In certain cases, the systemic inflammatory response may be immoderate, leading to organ dysfunction, such as acute renal failure or multiorgan dysfunction. This study aimed to examine the effect of haemoadsorption (HA) therapy on inflammatory markers and renal damage indices during cardiopulmonary bypass and in the early postoperative period. We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in a single tertiary care center on patients operated between January 2021 and May 2022. The levels of inflammatory markers and renal parameters in blood samples (Interleukin (IL) 6, C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells, lactate, procalcitonin (PCT), and NT-proBNP, urea, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), mechanical ventilation days and intensive care unit (ICU) days) were compared between the three groups. Data from the Jafron HA 330 (n = 20) and CytoSorb300 (n = 20) groups were compared with those from the control group (n = 20). All patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass for more than 120 min. Baseline patient characteristics were similar in all three groups. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed in 17 patients (28.3%); seven patients were in the Jafron HA 330, two in the CytoSorb300, and eight in the control group. We found that IL1α, IL 6, IL8, Lactate dehydrogenase, PCT, NT-proBNP, CRP, Leukocyte, and TNFα had no significant or clinical difference between the CytoSorb 300 and Jafron HA 330 adsorber groups. Our results indicate that haemoadsorption therapy does not significantly reduce the risk of AKI after prolonged CPB, but decreases the need for renal replacement therapy.
Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung der primären Schultersteife: ein aktueller Überblick
Authors: van Hattem Suncana , Regener Eva-Maria , Prangenberg Christian , Strauss Andreas Christian , de Girolamo Laura , Burger Christof , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Cucchi Davide
Published: March 2024

Eine schmerzhafte Reduktion der Beweglichkeit der Schulter, die als „Schultersteife“ bekannt ist, kann sowohl primär idiopathisch auftreten als auch sekundär, bspw. als Folge chirurgischer Eingriffe. Es existieren verschiedene Faktoren, die zur Entstehung der primären Schultersteife beitragen können. Daher fasst diese Übersichtsarbeit pathophysiologische Mechanismen, genetische Einflüsse, endokrinologische Störungen, metabolische Krankheitsbilder sowie andere Erkrankungen und medizinisch-therapeutische Ansätze zusammen, die möglicherweise einen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der primären Schultersteife haben könnten.
Storage Conditions Influence the Quality of Ginger – A Stability Study Inspired by Clinical Trials
Authors: Tóth Barbara , Horváth Attila , Laczkovich Orsolya Jójártné , Biró Zsófia Dalma , Matuz Mária , Csupor Dezső
Published: March 2024

Ginger has traditionally been used to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting; however, the results of clinical trials are ambiguous. The efficacy of ginger is attributed to gingerols and their metabolites, shogaols. Since these compounds have different pharmacological profiles, the clinical efficacy of ginger products is largely dependent on their chemical composition. The goal of our study was to examine the stability of ginger, determining the 6-gingerol contents in order to assess the effects of different storage conditions. We have performed a 6-month stability test with dry ginger rhizome samples stored in a constant climate chamber in three different storage containers (uncovered glass container, glass container sealed with rubber stopper, and plastic container). The 6-gingerol contents were measured by HPLC method. The concentration of 6-gingerol decreased in all samples. In the sealed glass container, the decrease in 6-gingerol content was significantly lower than in
the unsealed glass container and in the plastic container. These results demonstrate that storage conditions have a significant impact on the quality of ginger, which may also affect efficacy.
Impact of Western transmission of the Peking Gazette on Late-Qing China’s information security
Authors: Chen Ling , Deng Lianjian
Published: March 2024

The Peking Gazette, as a widespread and effective medium for the dissemination of important information from the Qing government, played a significant role in the internal governance of the empire. In the 19th century, Western missionaries, diplomats, and businessmen in China respected the authenticity and authority of the content in the Gazette, and carried out large-scale translations of political, social, cultural, economic, and military-diplomatic information into English. Western transmission of the Peking Gazette to some extent promoted cultural exchanges between China and the West and also provided the Western powers, which were in a period of expansion, with a wealth of political and military intelligence. The internally focused Qing dynasty was initially unaware of the Western transmission of the Peking Gazette and later took a series of doomed measures, leading to severe damage to national information security and political safety. The historical lessons of the Qing empire are enlightening for countries worldwide today: there is a need not only for openness and transparency but also for balancing the relationship between information disclosure and national security.
A smashing success: Understanding the compression of origami structures
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: March 2024

The buckling behavior of auxetic 3D-printed origami structures showed promising results for applications in impact protection.
Estimating hidden relationships in dynamical systems: Discovering drivers of infection rates of COVID-19
Authors: Butail S. , Bhattacharya A. , Porfiri M.
Published: March 2024

Discovering causal influences among internal variables is a fundamental goal of complex systems research. This paper presents a framework for uncovering hidden relationships from limited time-series data by combining methods from nonlinear estimation and information theory. The approach is based on two sequential steps: first, we reconstruct a more complete state of the underlying dynamical system, and second, we calculate mutual information between pairs of internal state variables to detail causal dependencies. Equipped with time-series data related to the spread of COVID-19 from the past three years, we apply this approach to identify the drivers of falling and rising infections during the three main waves of infection in the Chicago metropolitan region. The unscented Kalman filter nonlinear estimation algorithm is implemented on an established epidemiological model of COVID-19, which we refine to include isolation, masking, loss of immunity, and stochastic transition rates. Through the systematic study of mutual information between infection rate and various stochastic parameters, we find that increased mobility, decreased mask use, and loss of immunity post sickness played a key role in rising infections, while falling infections were controlled by masking and isolation.
Bridge synergy and simplicial interaction in complex contagions
Authors: Yan Zixiang , Gao Jian , Lan Yueheng , Xiao Jinghua
Published: March 2024

Modeling complex contagion in networked systems is an important topic in network science, for which various models have been proposed, including the synergistic contagion model that incorporates coherent interference and the simplicial contagion model that involves high-order interactions. Although both models have demonstrated success in investigating complex contagions, their relationship in modeling complex contagions remains unclear. In this study, we compare the synergy and the simplest form of high-order interaction in the simplicial contagion model, known as the triangular one. We analytically show that the triangular interaction and the synergy can be bridged within complex contagions through the joint degree distribution of the network. Monte Carlo simulations are then conducted to compare simplicial and corresponding synergistic contagions on synthetic and real-world networks, the results of which highlight the consistency of these two different contagion processes and thus validate our analysis. Our study sheds light on the deep relationship between the synergy and high-order interactions and enhances our physical understanding of complex contagions in networked systems.
Quantum tomography of molecules using ultrafast electron diffraction
Authors: Jiang Jiayang , Zhang Ming , Gu Aosheng , Miller R. J. Dwayne , Li Zheng
Published: March 2024

We propose a quantum tomography (QT) approach to retrieve the temporally evolving reduced density matrix in electronic state basis, where the populations and coherence between the ground state and excited state are reconstructed from the ultrafast electron diffraction signal. In order to showcase the capability of the proposed QT approach, we simulate the nuclear wavepacket dynamics and ultrafast electron diffraction of photoexcited pyrrole molecules using the ab initio quantum chemical CASSCF method. From the simulated time-resolved diffraction data, we retrieve the evolving density matrix in a crude diabatic representation basis and reveal the symmetry of the excited pyrrole wavepacket. Our QT approach opens the route to make a quantum version of “molecular movie” that covers the electronic degree of freedom and equips ultrafast electron diffraction with the power to reveal the coherence between electronic states, relaxation, and dynamics of population transfer.
Native point defects in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides: A perspective bridging intrinsic physical properties and device applications
Authors: Ko Kyungmin , Jang Mingyu , Kwon Jaeeun , Suh Joonki
Published: March 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) hold immense promise as ultrathin-body semiconductors for cutting-edge electronics and optoelectronics. In particular, their sustained charge mobility even at atomic-level thickness as well as their absence of surface dangling bonds, versatile band structures, and silicon-compatibility integration make them a prime candidate for device applications in both academic and industrial domains. Despite such high expectations, group-VI TMDs reportedly exhibit a range of enigmatic properties, such as substantial contact resistance, Fermi level pinning, and limited unipolar charge transport, which are all rooted in their inherent defects. In other words, intrinsic physical properties resulting from their native defects extend their influence beyond the material level. Bridging point-defect-induced material properties and their behavior at the device level, this Perspective sheds light on the significance of crystalline defects beyond a rather simple defect–property relationship. As a distinctive approach, we briefly review the well-established defect model of conventional III–V semiconductors and further apply it to the emergent defect behaviors of 2D TMDs such as their defect-induced gap states. Within the main discussion, we survey a range of behaviors caused by the most prevalent intrinsic defect, namely, vacancies, within 2D TMDs, and their implications for electronic and optoelectronic properties when employed at the device level. This review presents an in-depth summary of complexities in material properties as well as device characteristics arising from intrinsic point defects and provides a solid foundation for the cross-links among native defects and material/device properties.