bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracking and vertex detectors at FCC-ee
Authors: Bacchetta Nicola , Collins Paula , Riedler Petra
Published: February 2022

The combined vertexing and tracking performance of the innermost part of the FCC-ee experiments must deliver outstanding precision for measurement of the track momentum together with an impact parameter resolution exceeding by at least a factor five that typically achieved at LHC experiments. Furthermore, precision measurements require stability and fiducial accuracy at a level which is unprecedented in collider experiments. For the innermost vertex layers these goals translate into a target hit resolution of approximately 3 $$\mu \hbox {m}$$

μ
m

together with a material budget of around 0.2% of a radiation length per layer. Typically this performance might be provided by silicon-based tracking, together with a careful choice of a low-mass cooling technology, and a stable, low-mass mechanical structure capable of providing measurements with a low enough systematic error to match the tremendous statistics expected, particularly for the run around the Z resonance. At FCC-ee, the magnetic field will be limited to approximately 2 T, in order to contain the vertical emittance at the Z pole, and a tracking volume up to relative large radius is needed. The technological solution could be silicon- or gaseous-based tracking, in both cases with the focus on optimising the material budget, and particle identification capability would be an advantage. Depending on the global design, an additional silicon tracking layer could be added at the outer radius of the tracker to provide a final precise point contributing to the momentum or possibly time-of-flight measurement. Current developments in monolithic and hybrid silicon technology, as well as advanced gaseous tracking developments, provide an encouraging road map towards the FCC-ee detector. The current state of the art and potential extensions will be discussed and a generic call for technology which could have a significant impact on the performance of an FCC-ee tracking and vertexing detector is outlined.
Quantum spin-flavour memory of ultrahigh-energy neutrino
Authors: Kurashvili P. , Chotorlishvili L. , Kouzakov K. A. , Studenikin A. I.
Published: February 2022

There are two types of uncertainties related to the measurements done on a quantum system: statistical and those related to non-commuting observables and incompatible measurements. The latter indicates the quantum system’s inherent nature and is in the scope of the present study. We explore uncertainties related to the interstellar ultrahigh-energy neutrino and introduce a novel concept: quantum spin-flavour memory. Advanced uncertainty measures are entropic measures, and the effect of the quantum memory reduces the uncertainty. The problem in question corresponds to a real physical event: high-energy Dirac neutrinos emitted by some distant source and propagating towards the earth. The neutrino has a finite magnetic moment and interacts with both deterministic and stochastic interstellar magnetic fields. To describe the effect of a noisy environment, we exploit the Lindblad master equation for the neutrino density matrix. Quantum spin-flavour memory is quantified in terms of the generalized Kraus’s trade-off relation. This trade-off relation converts to the equality when quantum memory is absent. We discovered that while most measures of quantum correlations show their irrelevance, the quantum spin-flavour discord is the quantifier of the quantum spin-flavour memory.
Learning Transferable Perturbations for Image Captioning
Authors: Wu Hanjie , Liu Yongtuo , Cai Hongmin , He Shengfeng
Published: February 2022

Present studies have discovered that state-of-the-art deep learning models can be attacked by small but well-designed perturbations. Existing attack algorithms for the image captioning task is time-consuming, and their generated adversarial examples cannot transfer well to other models. To generate adversarial examples faster and stronger, we propose to learn the perturbations by a generative model that is governed by three novel loss functions. Image feature distortion loss is designed to maximize the encoded image feature distance between original images and the corresponding adversarial examples at the image domain, and local-global mismatching loss is introduced to separate the mapping encoding representation of the adversarial images and the ground true captions from a local and global perspective in the common semantic space as far as possible cross image and caption domain. Language diversity loss is to make the image captions generated by the adversarial examples as different as possible from the correct image caption at the language domain. Extensive experiments show that our proposed generative model can efficiently generate adversarial examples that successfully generalize to attack image captioning models trained on unseen large-scale datasets or with different architectures, or even the image captioning commercial service.
Oncosuppressive roles of decorin through regulation of multiple receptors and diverse signaling pathways
Authors: Xie Christopher , Mondal Dipon K. , Ulas Mikdat , Neill Thomas , Iozzo Renato V.
Published: February 2022

Decorin is a stromal-derived prototype member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family. In addition to its functions as a regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis and TGF-β activity soluble decorin acts as a pan-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. Decorin binds to various RTKs including EGFR HER2 HGFR/Met VEGFR2 TLR and IGFR. Although the molecular mechanism for the action of decorin on these receptors is not entirely elucidated overall decorin evokes transient activation of these receptors with suppression of downstream signaling cascades culminating in growth inhibition followed by their physical downregulation via caveosomal internalization and degradation. In the case of Met decorin leads to decreased β-catenin signaling pathway and growth suppression. As most of these RTKs are responsible for providing a growth advantage to cancer cells the result of decorin treatment is oncosuppression. Another decorin-driven mechanism to restrict cancer growth and dissemination is by impeding angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and the concurrent activation of protracted endothelial cell autophagy. In this review we will dissect the multiple roles of decorin in cancer biology and its potential use as a next-generation protein-based adjuvant therapy to combat cancer.
A machine learning approach to characterize sequential movement-related states in premotor and motor cortices
Authors: DePass Michael , Falaki Ali , Quessy Stephan , Dancause Numa , Cos Ignasi
Published: February 2022

Local field potentials (LFPs), despite lower spatial resolution compared with single-neuron recordings, can be used with machine learning classifiers to decode sequential movements involving motor preparation, execution, and reward retrieval. Our results revealed heterogeneity of neural activity on small spatial scales, further evidencing the utility of micro-electrode array recordings for complex movement decoding. With further advancement, high-dimensional LFPs may become the gold standard for brain-computer interfaces such as neural prostheses in the near future.
Differential modulation of parietal cortex activity by respiration and θ oscillations
Authors: Jung Felix , Witte Victoria , Yanovsky Yevgenij , Klumpp Matthias , Brankačk Jurij , Tort Adriano B. L. , Draguhn Andreas
Published: February 2022

Nasal respiration generates a rhythmic signal that entrains large portions of the mammalian brain into respiration-coupled field potentials. Here, we report the simultaneous presence of respiratory rhythm (RR) and θ oscillations in the parietal association cortex of mice. Despite their overlapping frequencies, both rhythms differ in their state-dependent power and differentially entrain the discharge behavior of units. We conclude that network activity in the parietal cortex is synchronized by two different physiological oscillation patterns.
Thermal Analysis of Roller Compacted Concrete Dam Utilizing a Probabilistic Model
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Pasbani Khiavi Majid
Published: February 2022

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) dam safety evaluation requires a realistic definition of thermal condition during construction and operation. Seasonal variations of temperature induce significant tensile stress. Therefore, the required preparations should be made to control and limit the thermal stresses. In this study, the effect of thermal and mechanical parameters on RCC dam behavior is evaluated using a probabilistic model. ANSYS Workbench software based on the finite element method has been utilized. The Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method was used for probabilistic and sensitivity analysis, in which the density of concrete, Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, thermal conductivity, and specific heat have been selected as input variables. Dam body temperature, total deformation, and maximum principal stress in the body were considered as output variables. To evaluate the structural performance of the case model of the RCC dam under thermal loading, the model sensitivity to selected input variables is investigated. Considering to obtained curves, it can be concluded that the mechanical and thermal parameters have different effects on the performance of the RCC dam under variation of body temperature. Also, the results show that the sensitivity curves of output parameters are linear or bilinear relative to input variables.
Burkholderia cepacia Complex Lumbar Spondylodiscitis: A Rare Nosocomial Infection
Authors: Subramanian Rachel , Fitzgibbons Lynn
Published: February 2022

Pyogenic spondylodiscitis is rarely caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex. B. cepacia is widespread in the environment and recognized as an opportunistic pathogen for patients with cystic fibrosis and immune disorders. A female in her mid-30s with underlying hyperthyroidism, but otherwise immunocompetent, was admitted to the hospital with persistent lower back pain after elective bariatric surgery in Mexico. Lumbar MRI showed L2/L3 osteomyelitis and discitis. Culture of disk aspiration grew Burkholderia cepacia complex sensitive to cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The infection failed to respond to cefepime; however, she was successfully treated with levofloxacin monotherapy.
Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules Based on Image Enhancement and Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Ma Xuesi , Zhang Lina
Published: February 2022

The diagnosis of thyroid nodules at an early stage is a challenging task. Manual diagnosis of thyroid nodules is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Meanwhile, due to the difference of instruments and technical personnel, the original thyroid nodule ultrasound images collected are very different. In order to make better use of ultrasound image information of thyroid nodules, some image processing methods are indispensable. In this paper, we developed a method for automatic thyroid nodule classification based on image enhancement and deep neural networks. The selected image enhancement method is histogram equalization, and the neural networks have four-layer network nodes in our experiments. The dataset in this paper consists of thyroid nodule images of 508 patients. The data are divided into 80% training and 20% validation sets. A comparison result demonstrates that our method can achieve a better performance than other normal machine learning methods. The experimental results show that our method has achieved 0.901961 accuracy, 0.894737 precision, 1 recall, and 0.944444 F1-score. At the same time, we also considered the influence of network structure, activation function of network nodes, number of training iterations, and other factors on the classification results. The experimental results show that the optimal network structure is 2500-40-2-1, the optimal activation function is logistic function, and the best number of training iterations is 500.
Rapid Identification of Characteristic Chemical Constituents of Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Panax japonicus Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS
Authors: Jinbiao Liu , Xinyue Zhang , Shenshen Yang , Shuo Wang , Chengcheng Liu , Bin Yang , Yubo Li , Ting Cai
Published: February 2022

Saponins are the main active components in Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (PG), Panax quinquefolius L. (PQ), and Panax japonicus C. A. Mey. (PJ), which belong to the genus Panax in the Araliaceae family. Because the chemical components in the three species are similar, they are often mixed and misused in functional foods and pharmaceuticals applications. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a method to quickly distinguish among PG, PQ, and PJ. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was combined with data postprocessing to identify the main characteristic fragments (CFs) and the related neutral losses (NLs) of protopanaxadiol (PPD), protopanaxatriol (PPT), oleanolic acid (OLE), and ocotillol- (OCO-) type saponins. By comparing the mass spectral data, it was possible to rapidly classify and identify saponins in PG, PQ, and PJ. A total of twenty-three chemical components were identified in the PG samples, twenty-three components were identified in the PQ samples, and twenty-seven components were identified in the PJ samples. Among them, OCO-type saponins were characteristic of PQ and PJ. Ginsenoside Rf, which was absent from PQ, allowed for differentiation between PQ and PJ. The CFs and NLs in the mass spectra of the characteristic components of PG, PQ, and PJ allowed for the rapid classification and identification of these species. Additionally, these results provide technical support for the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine and for constructing a scientific regulatory system.
The Applicable Dental Age Estimation Methods for Children and Adolescents in Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Arofi , Chusida An’nisaa , Atika Nur , Gianosa Tito Krisna , Solikhin Mohammad Denis , Margaretha Mieke Sylvia , Utomo Haryono , Marini Maria Istiqomah , Rizky Beta Novia , Prakoeswa Beshlina Fitri Widayanti Roosyanto , Alias Aspalilah , Marya Anand
Published: February 2022

Indonesia is an archipelagic country bordered by tectonically active zones with intense seismicity and volcanism. This condition is often associated with a high-risk situation of disasters in Indonesia. Forensic identification is a necessary procedure to reveal an individual’s identity. An identity, including sex and age, is needed to build a conclusion of human identification. Dental age estimation is a subfield of forensic odontology which focuses on establishing an individual’s age. Tooth development, biochemical, and postformation changes are the parameters for estimating dental age. This review discusses the applicable dental age estimation method for children and adolescents in Indonesia. Several articles that have previously studied dental age estimation in Indonesia were reviewed for this manuscript. On reviewing these articles, it was found that the Demirjian method, the Willems method, and the Al Qahtani method are useful in this population with higher accuracy than other methods.
Iterative Noise Reduction Algorithm-Based Cone Beam Computed Tomography Image Analysis for Dental Pulp Disease in Root Canal Therapies
Authors: Zhang Kai , Yang Weidong
Published: February 2022

This study was aimed to explore the application value of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging technology based on iterative noise reduction (INR) algorithm in the evaluation of the efficacy of root canal therapy (RCT) for dental pulp disease. Eighty eight dental pulp patients who underwent RCT were taken as the research subjects, and INR algorithm-based CBCT and digital periapical film (DPF) were adopted for examination. Basic information of patients, image performance, and filling quality was recorded. It was found that the INR algorithm-based CBCT images achieved favorable noise reduction effects both within and between slices. Filling length of root canal was evaluated by CBCT and DPF, and differences between them were considerable (P<0.05). Root canal closeness was evaluated by CBCT and DPF, and substantial differences between them were shown (P<0.05). Moreover, differences on root canal filling quality examined by CBCT and DPF were also remarkable (P<0.05). Applying CBCT imaging technology based on INR algorithm to the analysis of the curative effect of dental pulp patients can better retain the image information and can also more accurately evaluate the curative effect of different RCTs.
Pan-Cancer Analysis of Microfibrillar-Associated Protein 2 (MFAP2) Based on Bioinformatics and qPCR Verification
Authors: Qiu Zhilei , Xin Miao , Wang Chenyang , Zhu Yueli , Kong Qingnuan , Liu Zhijun
Published: February 2022

MFAP2 has been reported to play an oncogenic role in several types of human cancers. However, the expression profile of MFAP2 in various cancers and its impact on prognosis and immune infiltration remain unclear. In this study, the mRNA expression and protein expression of MFAP2 in normal tissues, tumor cell lines, and 33 malignant tumor tissues were analyzed comprehensively using Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine and UALCAN databases, and the expression of MFAP2 in different grades and stages of cancers was assessed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) and Tumor and Immune System Interaction Database (TISIDB). In general, MFAP2 showed distinct expression in most tumor and normal tissues, closely associated with higher tumor grade, higher tumor stage, and poor survival in multiple cancers. A search of the UALCAN database and the cBioPortal database revealed that this difference in mRNA level expression could be partly attributed to abnormal DNA methylation and mutations at the genomic level. In addition, MFAP2 expression was also associated with tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, and neoantigens in different cancer types. More importantly, the TIMER and TISIDB databases also showed that MFAP2 levels were significantly correlated with immune infiltration abundance and immune-related gene markers, as well as ESTIMATE scores. By qPCR, MFAP2 expression was validated in four kinds of tumor tissue samples. The present study combined several databases and performed a pan-cancer analysis of the expression profile, methylation, and mutation for MFAP2 and its implications for prognosis and immune infiltration, suggesting that MFAP2 could contribute to malignant properties of many tumors. MFAP2 may be an important biomarker with prognostic value and has the potential to be a target for tumor immunotherapy.
Trends in Time Regarding Sex Assignment of Patients with Disorders of Sex Development: Experience of an Interdisciplinary Service
Authors: Vicentin Julia P. , de Souza El Beck Mayra , Germano Carlos W. , Andrade Juliana G. R. , Barros Beatriz A. , de Paive e Silva Roberto B. , Miranda Marcio L. , Viguetti-Campos Nilma L. , Vieira Tarsis A. P. , Mazzola Tais N. , Guaragna Mara S. , Fabbri-Scallet Helena , Mello Maricilda P. , Marques-de-Faria Antonia P. , Maciel-Guerra Andrea T. , Guerra-Junior Gil
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The aim of this retrospective study was to verify the association between the time of diagnosis and initial and final sex assignment in a disorder of sex development (DSD) diagnostic group, looking at the age of the patients at first visit, severity of genital ambiguity, and karyotype. Methods: The time of diagnosis was divided into 3 groups: before 2000, between 2000 and 2006, and after 2006. Data were categorized and analyzed using the χ2 test with α < 0.05. Results: A total of 567 cases were analyzed; 307 were assigned as male, 135 as female, and 125 remained undefined at the first visit. After clinical and laboratory evaluations, 369 patients were male and 198 were female. Neither initial nor final sex assignment proportions changed over time, but there were significant differences in the age at first visit, with referral occurring at an earlier age, as well as more severe genital ambiguity presentations, a higher proportion of sex chromosome aberrations, and a lower frequency of 46,XX DSD cases. This occurred both in the sample as a whole (567 cases) and in the group of 125 patients without definitive sex assignment at the first visit. The results were similar when only 284 patients aged less than 12 months at the first visit were analyzed. Discussion/Conclusion: Over time, there were no changes in sex assignment proportions, but there was an increased awareness of the need for early referral and changes in clinical, cytogenetic, and diagnostic aspects.
Hearing and Vestibular Loss with Misuse of Opioids and Illicit Drugs: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Hughes Michelle L. , Rodriguez Amanda I. , Hatch Jonathan , Zoucha Kenneth
Published: February 2022

Background: The purpose of this review was to summarize the literature regarding the effects of opioids and illicit drugs on the auditory and vestibular systems. Methods: Data were sourced from published papers reporting hearing loss (HL) and/or vestibular loss (VL) following misuse or overdose of opioids or illicit drugs. Most papers consisted of retrospective single-case reports, with few retrospective reviews or prospective cohort studies. Search terms included variations of HL, VL, opioids, and illicit drugs. Search results yielded 51 articles published between 1976 and 2021. A total of 44 articles were reviewed after excluding studies that were not available in English (n = 3), only described acute effects in healthy cohorts (n = 3) or only described general health aspects in a group on methadone maintenance (n = 1). Results: Sixteen studies reported ototoxicity from illicit drugs, 27 from prescription opioids, and 1 was unspecified. This review shows that HL associated with amphetamines and cocaine was typically sudden, bilateral, and temporary. HL from cocaine/crack and heroin often presented with greatest losses in the mid-frequency range. HL associated with opioids was typically sudden, bilateral, moderately severe to profound, and in most cases permanent. The literature is sparse regarding VL from illicit drugs and opioids. Conclusion: Practitioners who see patients for sudden or rapidly progressive HL or VL with no apparent cause should inquire about misuse of illicit drugs and opioids, particularly when the HL does not respond to steroid treatment.
Distance Matters: Correlation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Nodule Distance to Overall Survival
Authors: Qian Yuquan , Liu Baojiang , Weiss Christel , Zhu Xu , Teufel Andreas
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may occur with several simultaneous tumor foci in the liver (multifocal HCC). Molecular biology indicated that the larger the distance between two tumor nodules, the more those two nodules differed in their genetic composition. Therefore, we explored whether the overall survival (OS) of patients with HCC depends on the mutual distance of the HCC nodules. Methods: In a retrospective study of 92 patients, CT/MRI images and survival data of the patients were collected. Based on the CT or MRI images at the time of diagnosis, the size of each tumor, the distance between the centers (center distance), and adjacent edges (edge distance) of the tumor nodules were measured, respectively. These data, combined with the number of tumor nodules and clinical characteristics, were compared with the patient’s OS data. Results: As expected, the average tumor diameter was significantly associated with patient survival in univariate Cox regression analysis (p = 0.00028, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.2). However, in multivariate analysis, the average center distance (p = 0.036, HR = 1.18) and average edge distance (p = 0.033, HR = 0.84) were also significantly associated with survival. Conclusion: Thus, not only the size of multiple HCC lesions but also their distance is important for the prognosis of patients with HCC. This may be of particular interest in patients with two nodules and BCLC B and C stages for the selection of therapeutic modalities and/or procedures.
Five-Fraction Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases: A Single-Institution Experience on Different Dose Schedules
Authors: Piras Antonio , Boldrini Luca , Menna Sebastiano , Sanfratello Antonella , D’Aviero Andrea , Cusumano Davide , Di Cristina Luciana , Messina Marco , Spada Massimiliano , Angileri Tommaso , Daidone Antonino
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The most common intracranial neoplasm diagnosed in adults are brain metastases (BrM). The benefit in terms of clinical control and toxicity for stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) has been investigated for patients with low load of BrM. Aim: The aim of this single-institution experience was to investigate the best dose schedule for five-fraction SRT (FFSRT). Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients treated for BrM with different dose schedules of FFSRT was performed. Local control (LC) and clinical outcomes were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging at 3, 6, and 9 months. Toxicity data were also collected. Results: A total of 41 patients treated from November 2016 to September 2020 were enrolled in the analysis. Non-small cell lung cancer (51.2%) and breast cancer (24.3%) represented the most frequent primitive tumors. Treatment was performed on 5 consecutive days with prescribed dose ranging from 30 to 40 Gy, prescribed to the 95% isodose line that covered at least 98% of the gross tumor volume. Statistically significant differences (p = 0.025) with higher LC rates for dose schedules >6 Gy for fractions. Toxicity rates were not found to be higher than G1. Conclusion: The results of this retrospective analysis suggest that FFSRT for BrM seems to be safe and feasible. Our results also underline that a total dose lower than 30 Gy in 5 fractions should not be used due to the expected minor LC.
Transparency on Platelet Transfusion in Routine Cancer Care: The Key for Optimal Blood Usage?
Authors: Berger Karin , Henschler Reinhard , Kratzer Vanessa , Rieger Christina , Wittmann Georg , Ostermann Helmut
Published: February 2022

Introduction: In Germany, up to 75% of platelet concentrates (PCs) are administered to haematological and oncological patients. Only limited transparency exists on the characteristics of haematological/oncological patients receiving PC transfusions, treatment patterns, and guideline adherence in daily clinical routine care. This information would be key for managing platelet supply and optimal platelet usage strategies. This study aimed to analyse data from clinical routine transfusions to fill the aforementioned information gaps and to create an inventory as a blueprint for electronic data capturing systems that allow simplified, recurring analyses. Methods: Prospective open-label, single-centre, observational study in a German tertiary teaching haematological/oncological setting. All inpatients who received any transfusion of PCs (pathogen-inactivated or conventional) in routine use over a period of 3 months (March 2015–May 2015) were consecutively included. Except for age (≥18 years), no exclusion criteria were applied. For guideline adherence, the Cross-Sectional Guidelines for Therapy with Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives – amended edition 2020 were used. An inventory blueprint was created through a narrative literature review and the data collected in this study. Results: Ninety-four patients received 942 PCs. The mean (±SD) age was 54.6 (±13.9) years, 68% were male and 86% were diagnosed with a haematological disease. Thirteen patients received 42% of all transfused PCs. The mean ± SD number of transfused PC per patient was 10.81 ± 9.24. Five (0.5% per transfusion) minor adverse events were documented. Approximately 19% of PCs were not administered according to existing guidelines. The mean transfusion interval was 1.71 ± 1.1 days, and the mean increment was 12.62 ± 14.7 G/L. The inventory showed which platelet transfusion-specific data should be documented for answering questions in terms of quality, effectiveness, and management of PC transfusions. Conclusions: Platelet transfusions in a haematological/oncological setting are highly individual in terms of the total number of transfusions and transfusion intervals. The majority of all PC transfusions were given to only a small group of patients. Continuous, structured real-world data collection/evaluation and benchmarking with data from more centres seems essential in determining specific needs in this vulnerable patient group, assessing the quality of transfusion practices, determining effectiveness, and anticipating future demand for platelets and a sustainable blood supply. So far, not all relevant data are collected routinely. The advancing digitalization of health systems offers opportunities to collect and link data and thus make them more accessible and evaluable.
Educação Africana: possibilidades pedagógicas
Authors: Santos Ademir Barros dos
Published: February 2022

Abordando os efeitos dos valores civilizatórios de matriz africana e suas eventuais possibilidades nos processos escolares, este artigo busca, primeiramente, desmistificar diversos significados apostos, pejorativamente, a elementos desta matriz; a seguir, se volta para a apresentação das bases culturais presentes nesta visão de mundo e o processo ensino/aprendizagem daí decorrente, de forma a possibilitar a visualização das diferenças entre a mesma e o entendimento ocidental disseminado sobre estas sociedades a partir da Europa estendida, ou seja: da expansão da cultura europeia sobre terras e populações indevidamente subjugadas. Portanto, o artigo tem o intuito de apresentar tais valores como possibilidades para o trato pedagógico, escolar e oficial ou não.
Vertebrobasilar Stroke: Association Between Infarction Patterns and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography Flow State
Authors: Ballout Ahmad A. , Libman Richard B. , Schneider Julia R. , Black Karen , Sideras Panagiotis , Wang Jason J. , White Timothy G. , Dehdashti Amir R. , Woo Henry H. , Katz Jeffrey M.
Published: February 2022

Background

Treatment and prognosis of vertebrobasilar atherosclerotic disease differs depending on stroke mechanism, such as artery‐to‐artery embolism, branch atheromatous disease, and hemodynamic ischemia. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between infarction pattern and flow status using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA), to determine the validity of using infarction patterns to infer stroke mechanism.

Methods and Results

This is a retrospective study of patients with ischemic stroke with intra‐ or extracranial vertebrobasilar atherosclerotic stenosis, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, neurovascular imaging, and QMRA, between 2009 and 2021. Patients with cerebral infarction predating or following QMRA by ≥1 year, or QMRA studies performed for basilar thrombosis, vertebral dissection, or only postangioplasty/stenting, were excluded. Poststenotic flow (basilar and posterior cerebral arteries) was dichotomized as low‐flow or normal‐flow based on published criteria. Of 1211 consecutive patients who underwent QMRA noninvasive optimal analysis, 69 met inclusion. Mixed patterns were most common (46.4%), followed by perforator (23.2%), borderzone (14.5%), and territorial (15.9%). Patients with low‐flow had a significantly higher rate of borderzone+ patterns (borderzone alone or in mixed pattern) compared with patients with normal‐flow (77.4% low‐flow versus 39.5% normal‐flow,
P
=0.002). Borderzone+ patterns were associated with 61.5% probability of low‐flow state, while no borderzone (perforator/territorial) patterns were associated with 76.7% probability of normal‐flow state.

Conclusions

Borderzone infarction pattern (alone or mixed) was associated with low poststenotic posterior circulation flow by QMRA. However, borderzone pattern only moderately predicted low‐flow state, and may be an unreliable flow marker. Therefore, infarct topography may complement, but should not replace hemodynamic studies to establish flow status.
Re-orienting the Diaspora–Development Nexus
Authors: Peck Sarah
Published: February 2022

Since the 1990s diasporic communities have increasingly been recognized as agents of development, with states, citizens, and the global development community keen to harness their knowledge, skills, and economic capital. Approaches to the ‘diaspora option’ tend to be rooted in the discourses, practices, and products of neoliberal globalization. Yet the most recent decade of the 21st century has witnessed a backlash against this cosmopolitanism. This paper pushes for a re-orientation of the diaspora-development nexus that looks to respond to the contemporary realities of (and the backlash against) neoliberal globalization: (re)bordering, European and North American ethnonationalism, nativist politics, and anti-migrant discourses. Thinking through a post-diasporic lens foregrounds the interconnected geographies, the complex temporalities, and the (racialized) inequalities within the diaspora–development nexus. The paper concludes that through a post-diasporic lens the diaspora–development nexus can be centred on everyday social, cultural, material, and political circumstances and experiences and feelings of belonging through multiple locales, re-orienting the nexus to advance the everyday socio-economic, cultural, and political liberation of diasporic communities.
The Construction of Gender in Islamic Legal
Authors: Mir-Hosseini Ziba
Published: February 2022

This paper explores ways in which women can pursue and achieve equality and justice in Islamic law. It begins by examining constructions of gender rights in Islamic legal thought, with a view to identifying both the legal theories and assumptions that inform them, and concludes by exploring the kinds of strategies for reform that are needed to reflect the spirit of the age. I argue that, broadly speaking, Islamic legal thought contains three distinct discourses on gender rights. While the first two are premised on various forms of inequality between the sexes, the third argues for equality. The first, which is the discourse of the classical sharīʿa texts, I call Traditionalist. The second, which developed in the early part of the twentieth century and is reflected in the modern legal codes in Muslim countries, I call Neo-Traditionalist—though it is commonly referred to as Modernist. The third, which I call Reformist, emerged in the last two decades and is still in the process of formation. It is within this discourse that gender equality in law can be achieved.
Emotive Banners and Billboards
Authors: Stodulka Thomas
Published: February 2022

This paper analyses the affective ramifications at the onset of the emerging Corona pandemic in Kupang, Indonesia. Steering towards now established social and political orders of public conduct outside one’s home and neighbourhood, public billboards and warning signs became early visible manifestations of worlding Covid-19 into the city’s infrastructure. Rapidly emerging governmental and entrepreneurial banners communicated new orders of personal and communal hygiene practices. They created messages of Covid-19 infectiology based on globalised public health rhetoric calling familiar socialities and ordinary feelings into question. This paper scrutinises the pandemic worlding of spaces and socialities and reflects on the relationship between newspaper reports, billboards and the feelings they evoked. The article proposes the concept of ‘orders of feelings’ as a valuable complement of ‘worlding’ theories via the analysis of banners, signs and newspaper articles as ‘emotives’. Ultimately, it contemplates anthropological knowledge production in a pandemic context that obstructed traditional ethnographic engagement.
The 2015 South Korean–Japanese Agreement on ‘Comfort Women’: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Ramaj Klea
Published: February 2022

Before and during the Second World War, Japan established a legalised system of sexual slavery, in which approximately up to 200 000 women, euphemistically known as ‘comfort women’, were exploited. Although the victims came from all the regions of the Japanese Empire, the majority of them were Korean. While initial reconciliation attempts were met with refusal, a seemingly positive step was taken in December 2015, when South Korea and Japan announced that they had reached an agreement which would ‘finally and irreversibly’ resolve this issue. The main argument developed throughout the present article is that the agreement does not do justice in addressing the victims’ needs and rights in many ways, with the need for acknowledgement and memorialisation being primarily neglected. A critical evaluation of the 2015 agreement is particularly important in light of its suspension due to the dissolution of the Reconciliation and Healing Foundation.
Control over the Theory: Reforming the icc’s Approach to Establishing Commission Liability?
Authors: Minkova Liana Georgieva
Published: February 2022

The icc has employed the ‘control-over-the-crime’ theory, which treats those who ‘control’ the commission of a crime as principal perpetrators. Legal academics and icc judges have criticised the Court’s reliance on that theory for producing unsound legal reasoning. This article engages with the question from a novel perspective, that focuses on the institutional factors affecting the adoption and reform of legal theory. Transplanting Barnett and Finnemore’s concept of the ‘pathologies’ of international organisations to the field of international law, the article argues that reforming the rules for assessing criminal responsibility is a challenging endeavour, even when those rules have exhibited significant deficiencies. Reform is possible, but it is more likely to be incremental rather than revolutionary. The findings also bear implications for international criminal justice more generally, as they suggest that the answer to delivering sound judgments is not improving criminal law theory but appreciating the peculiarities of each case.
Witigenstein and the Regular Heptagon
Authors: Mühlhölzer Felix
Published: February 2022

The later Wittgenstein holds that the sole function of mathematical propositions is to determine the concepts they invoke. In the paper this view is discussed by means of a single example: Wittgenstein's investigation of the concept of a regular heptagon as used in Euclidean geometry (i.e., the Euclidean construction game with ruler and compass) and in Cartesian analytic geometry. Going on from some well-known passages in Wittgenstein’s Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics, and completing these passages, it is shown that Wittgenstein’s view makes perfectly good sense and can be very well defended.
A Report on a Conference That Never Was: Connections, Collaboration, and Solidarity among the Taiwan Studies Community
Authors: Cheng Isabelle
Published: February 2022

This essay reports on a Taiwan studies conference that did not take place in April 2020 in Europe. Recalling what has replaced this disrupted conference, this report provides a sketch of how the Taiwan studies community responded to the unprecedented challenges of the global pandemic by organising online events. It concludes by calling for comparative research where the experiences of Taiwan can be juxtaposed with underlying issues that have deepened the divide between those who have and those who have not during the Covid-19 pandemic. It also calls for solidarity among academics within and beyond the Taiwan studies community and for a more sustainable academic infrastructure constituted by universities, research institutions, funding agencies, and academics themselves.
A new species of the genus Platycleis Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Western and Trans Himalayas, India
Authors: JAISWARA RANJANA , SHAH MUZAMIL SYED , ALI AHSAN , KUMAR NEELIMA R , USMANI MOHD KAMIL
Published: February 2022

In India, the genus Platycleis was known only from P. kashmira (Uvarov, 1930). A new species, P. rahmoiensis sp. nov., with its type locality in Pulwama, Jammu & Kashmir, Western Himalayas is described in this study. Additional specimens collected from the Ladakh region of the Trans Himalayas, India, indicate its broader distribution. The new species is described with detailed external and internal characters together with a dichotomous key for its distinction from P. kashmira. Based on the new species, we also report data on the acoustic signal from the genus for the first time from India.
Taxonomic review of the genus Thalpomena Saussure, 1884 with new synonyms
Authors: DEY LARA-SOPHIE , HOCHKIRCH AXEL , MOUSSI ABDELHAMID , SEIDEL MATTHIAS , HUSEMANN MARTIN
Published: February 2022

The genus Thalpomena Saussure, 1884 is distributed in North Africa, Somalia and Ethiopia. It currently contains nine species, including one species with four subspecies; Seven of them (including one with four subspecies) are distributed in the Atlas Mountains, one in Libya and one (originally described in the genus Vosseleria) in the Somali Highlands. In this study, we propose taxonomic changes based on morphological, genetic, ecological and morphometric data from a previous study. The following species remain valid: Thalpomena algeriana (Lucas, 1849); Thalpomena azureipennis Uvarov, 1927; Thalpomena coerulescens Uvarov, 1923; Thalpomena dernensis (Werner, 1908); and Thalpomena viridipennis Uvarov, 1927. The following names are proposed here as junior synonyms of T. algeriana: Thalpomena algeriana intermedia Dirsh, 1949 (new synonym), Thalpomena algeriana montana Dirsh, 1949 (new synonym), Thalpomena coeruleipennis Finot, 1895 (new synonym), Thalpomena deserta Dirsh, 1949 (new synonym). Thalpomena rungsi Dirsh, 1949 is a new synonym of T. azureipennis; Thalpomena algeriana maroccana Dirsh, 1949 is a new synonym of T. viridipennis. The only East African representative of the genus, Thalpomena schulthessi (Uvarov, 1923), is transferred to the genus Vosseleriana (new combination).
Two new species of Bucculatrix Zeller from southeast China (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae)
Authors: LIU HONGXIA , LIU TENGTENG
Published: February 2022

Two new species of the genus Bucculatrix Zeller, 1839, B. coadnata sp. n. and B. nigerivalva sp. n., from southeast China are described herein. Male adult and genitalia are described and illustrated. Both species share remarkably reduced and/or fused valva in the male genitalia. DNA barcodes of the holotypes are also provided for aiding species identification.
Reception of the Twelve in Matthew and Luke: Comparing the Current Synoptic Hypotheses
Authors: Andrejevs Olegs
Published: February 2022

On the Markan priority, the portrayal and development of the Twelve belong to the most iconic improvements of Matthew and Luke over Mark’s gospel. Going back to the 19th century, proponents of Matthew’s and Luke’s independence have pointed out Luke’s non-use of Matthean additions to Mark, including such passages as Matthew 9:9; 14:28-31; 16:17-19; 17:24-27. In recent decades, defenders of the Farrer hypothesis (Luke’s use of Matthew) have attempted to explain Luke’s failure to take over Matthew’s changes of Mark in these instances with a range of proposals. This article takes up the debate, responding to the arguments of the Farrer scholars and engaging the recently resurgent Matthean Posteriority hypothesis (Matthew’s use of Luke) which, it will be suggested, faces a similar set of issues.
Improved visualization of the subthalamic nucleus on synthetic MRI with optimized parameters: initial study
Authors: Tatsuo Sayuri , Tatsuo Soichiro , Tsushima Fumiyasu , Sakashita Nina , Oyu Kazuhiko , Ide Satoru , Kakeda Shingo
Published: February 2022

Background

Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) enables to reformat various images by adjusting the MR parameters.

Purpose

To investigate whether customization of the repetition time (TR), echo time (TE), and inversion time (TI) in SyMRI could improve the visualization of subthalamic nucleus (STN).

Material and Methods

We examined five healthy volunteers using both coronal SyMRI and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), seven patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using coronal SyMRI, and 15 patients with PD using coronal QSM. Two neuroradiologists reformatted SyMRI (optimized SyMRI) by adjusting TR, TE, and TI to achieve maximum tissue contrast between the STN and the adjacent brain parenchyma. The optimized MR parameters in the PD patients varied according to the individual. For regular SyMRI (T2-weighted imaging [T2WI] and STIR), optimized SyMRI, and QSM, qualitative visualization scores of the STN (STN score) were recorded. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the STN was also measured.

Results

For the STN scores in both groups, the optimized SyMRI were significantly higher than the regular SyMRI ( P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between optimized SyMRI and QSM. For the CNR of differentiation of the STN from the substantia nigra, the optimized SyMRI was higher than the regular SyMRI (volunteer: T2WI P = 0.10 and STIR P = 0.26; PD patient: T2WI P = 0.43 and STIR P = 0.25), but the optimized SyMRI was lower than the QSM (volunteer: P = 0.26; PD patient: P = 0.03).

Conclusions

On SyMRI, optimization of MR parameters (TR, TE, and TI) on an individual basis may be useful to increase the conspicuity of the STN.
Optimization Research on Screening Parameters of Elliptical Vibrating Screen Based on DEM Theory
Authors: Chen Bing , Wang Biao , Yan Jiwei , Han Jinyang
Published: February 2022

Most of the vibrating screens pay too much attention to the screening efficiency and neglect the material transportation speed in the research process, so this paper introduces W to comprehensively consider the influence of screening efficiency and material transportation speed, and optimizes the vibration parameters of the vibrating screen based on the GRNN-PSO model. This optimization method is more accurate and effective than the previous method used to optimize the parameters of the vibrating screen. First, numerical simulation of the screening process based on EDEM software was carried out, and the influence of vibration frequency, amplitude and direction angle of vibration on the screening efficiency and material transportation speed was studied. The orthogonal experiment was further constructed, and the GRNN model between each vibration parameter and W was established based on the orthogonal experiment data and the single factor experiment data. Then, using the established GRNN model as the fitness function, the vibration parameters were optimized by the PSO algorithm, and the obtained optimized parameters were substituted into the simulation model, which further proved the accuracy and effectiveness of the GRNN-PSO model. This research helps understand the combined effect of various vibration parameters and provides a reference for the vibrating screen's efficient operation and parameter design.