bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nasopharyngeal Radium Irradiation: The Washington County, Maryland, Study
Authors: Sandler Dale P.
Published: July 2017

Although there have been many studies of cancer risk associated with a variety of x‐ray treatments for benign conditions of the head and neck, little is known about the possible long‐term health consequences of nasopharyngeal radium irradiation. This treatment results in minimal radiation exposure to the thyroid gland, which is the focus of much of the research regarding other head and neck irradiation. With nasopharyngeal radiation, on the other hand, exposure to the pituitary gland and the nasopharynx in the area immediately adjacent to the application site may have been substantial. In 1975 a follow‐up study was undertaken in Washington County, Maryland, of 2925 persons who were treated at the Health Department's Clinic for the Prevention of Deafness in Children between 1943 and 1960. Of these, 904 persons had been treated with nasopharyngeal radium. After an average of 24 years of follow‐up, an excess risk from brain cancer was suggested on the basis of three cases of cancer occurring in the treated group and none occurring in those who were not treated. This finding could have resulted by chance. Other results were consistent with a potential pituitary effect of radiation, but interpretation is limited by the absence of clinical and laboratory data. The history of the study is reported along with an overview of study methods and results.
Perceptions and Attitudes toward Organ Procurement and Transplantation: A Medical Community Survey Analysis
Authors: Grenier Charles E , Joseph Allen S , Jacobbi Louise M
Published: July 2017

The practitioner who recognizes and facilitates donor referral plays a pivotal role in the donor process. Mechanisms that help to identify and resolve issues for these practitioners are crucial. To identify barriers and issues that the community perceives as important, a survey to elicit the perceptions, attitudes, and ethical values of its respondents—specifically with regard to the donor process—was commissioned. The main components of the instrument included perceived problems, attitudes and ethical values, knowledge of consent process, medical and legal knowledge of brain death, organ procurement organization problems and suggestions for improvement, future education recommendations, and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondent. The survey confirmed issues of concern and brought to surface issues that have an underlying negative influence on the donor process.
Religious Attitudes regarding Organ Donation
Authors: Gallagher Christine
Published: July 2017

This study of seminary students, religious leaders, and hospital chaplains illustrates the importance of educating clergy about organ donation. Religious objections are often cited as a reason for refusal to give consent for donation. Results of this study show that most clergy are supportive of organ donation. However, the survey pointed out some misunderstanding of the concept of brain death. Thus, although the clergy are supportive and influential, they tend not to receive medical information that is key to the donation process. Further education specifically focused on religious leaders is needed.
Twelve Years' Experience with Non—Heart-Beating Cadaveric Donors
Authors: Olson L , Castro V L , Ciancio G , Burke G , Nery J , Cravero L B , Tzakis A , Miller J
Published: July 2017

From 1983 to August 1995, the University of Miami Organ Procurement Organization evaluated 41 candidates for non–heart-beating cadaveric donation and determined that 34 patients met the criteria. All patients had irreversible brain injury incompatible with survival. All families gave permission for withdrawal of life support and for tissue and organ donation after cardiac arrest. Thirteen donors died in the operating room, and 9 died in the ICU or emergency department. Four of the 9 patients who died in the ICU had undergone femoral cannulation. The remaining 12 donors were brain-dead but had an unpredicted cardiac arrest before laparotomy. All kidneys were preserved by using machine pulsatile perfusion, and 21 kidneys were transported to other centers. Of the 35 transplanted kidneys, 26 (74%) had immediate function, 6 (17%) had delayed graft function, and 3 (9%) were not used for other reasons. Five of the six transplanted livers had immediate function.
Rare Combined Heart and Kidney Transplant in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Study
Authors: Fritzsche Sharon D. , McCabe James L. , Chinnock Richard E.
Published: July 2017

Multiple reports of successful combined heart and kidney transplants adults suggest that this may be a viable option for a small subset of patients with coexisting end-stage heart and kidney failure. A review of the literature, however, reveals that few combined heart and kidney transplants have been reported in children. This article presents the case of a 13-year-old boy who underwent unsuccessful palliative surgery for a congenital heart defect. The patient developed heart failure with subsequent acute renal failure, and ultimately required a combined heart and kidney transplant. The combined procedure was successful in this patient and he is alive and well 27 months postoperatively.
Factors which Determine the Age of the Menopause
Authors: Overton Caroline E , Davies Melanie C
Published: July 2017

Menopause is the final cessation of menstruation. Humans are the only primates to experience a menopause, and its origins and purpose remain unclear. The age of menopause has remained constant since Aristotle, although the age of menarche has fallen in the past 100 years. The incidence of natural premature ovarian failure before age 40 is 1%. The factors controlling the timing of the menopause are not well understood. The possession of two X chromosomes is essential for normal ovarian function. Genetic, reproductive and lifestyle factors, chemotherapy and radiation, pelvic surgery, infection, and autoimmunity have all been implicated. There is an association between age of menopause of mothers and daughters and greater concordance with identical than non-identical twins. However, with the exception of smoking which advances menopause by two years, these factors have failed to show a consistent influence on age at menopause.
A New Look at Menopausal Hormone Replacement: Evidence-Based Observations
Authors: Hammond Charles B
Published: July 2017

For nearly 50 years, physicians have been able to consider prescribing hormonal replacement therapy for postmenopausal patients. Early on, oestrogen replacement therapy was utilized alone, primarily for control of hot flushes and atrophic changes. Later, it was discovered that such therapy had preventive benefit in areas of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and other illnesses. In the 1970s, it became obvious that treatment with unopposed oestrogen led to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. This then stimulated the use of hormonal replacement therapy, which combined oestrogen therapy with the addition of either cyclic or continuous progestin. Hormonal replacement therapy dramatically reduced the risk of endometrial cancer, back even to lower levels than in untreated populations. As more evidence has developed, it appears there may be benefit of hormonal therapy or oestrogen therapy in still other areas: possibly stroke syndromes, tooth loss, cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's Disease, colon cancer, and adult onset macular degeneration. While these data are accruing, however, the debate has continued regarding the impact of hormonal therapy on the incidence of breast cancer and thromboembolic disease. In this presentation, the author will attempt to provide you with an overview of the latest research findings that impact upon these important issues, pro and con.
Auditory Spatial Information and Head-Coupled Display Systems
Authors: Strybel Thomas Z.
Published: July 2017

Developments of head-coupled control/display systems have focused primarily on the display of three dimensional visual information, as the visual system is the optimal sensory channel for the aquisition of spatial information in humans. The auditory system improves the efficiency of vision, however, by obtaining spatial information about relevant objects outside of the visual field of view. This auditory information can be used to direct head and eye movements. Head-coupled display systems, can also benefit from the addition of auditory spatial information, as it provides a natural method of signaling the location of important events outside of the visual field of view. This symposium will report on current efforts in the developments of head-coupled display systems, with an emphasis on the auditory spatial component.

The first paper “Virtual Interface Environment Workstations”, by Scott S. Fisher, will report on the development of a prototype virtual environment. This environment consists of a head-mounted, wide-angle, stereoscopic display system which is controlled by operator position, voice, and gesture. With this interface, an operator can virtually explore a 360 degree synthesized environment, and viscerally interact with its components. The second paper, “A Virtual Display System For Conveying Three-Dimensional Acoustic Information” by Elizabeth M. Wenzel, Frederic L. Wightman and Scott H. Foster, will report on the development of a method of synthetically generating three-dimensional sound cues for the above-mentioned interface.

The development of simulated auditory spatial cues is limited to some extent, by our knowlege of auditory spatial processing. The remaining papers will report on two areas of auditory space perception that have recieved little attention until recently. “Perception of Real and Simulated Motion in the Auditory Modality”, by Thomas Z. Strybel, will review recent research on auditory motion perception, because a natural acoustic environment must contain moving sounds. This review will consider applications of this knowledge to head-coupled display systems. The last paper, “Auditory Psychomotor Coordination”, will examine the interplay between the auditory, visual and motor systems. The specific emphasis of this paper is the use of auditory spatial information in the regulation of motor responses so as to provide efficient application of the visual channel.
Information Transfer from Intelligent EW Displays
Authors: Kibbe Marion P.
Published: July 2017

Dual-task performance and recalled information data were used to compare levels of situational awareness from manual and automated threat recognition tasks. Dual-task performance reflected the effects of monitoring an automated system while tracking. There were no differences in information transfer as a function of automation.
A Model of Electronic Map Interpretation
Authors: Aretz Anthony J.
Published: July 2017

This paper describes an experiment that provides data for the development of a cognitive model of pilot flight navigation. The model views navigation as a process involving the alignment of mental images with the perceptual view out of the cockpit. The data support a three stage model: 1) the perceptual encoding of the map display, 2) mental rotation of the mental image, and 3) comparison of the image to the environment. The variables that significantly influence the processes embodied in the model in decreasing importance are: speed of processing, display sequencing, map complexity, and rotation angle of the map. The model can be used as a preliminary computational tool in predicting the navigational component of pilot situational awareness.
Fault Logic Analysis of Product Safety
Authors: Thompson David A.
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this presentation is to trace the development of Fault Logic Trees, explain their theoretical structure, discuss their forensic importance, and present four illustrative examples of their use in past court cases. The examples are all man-machine interactions, and include a variety of formats and one probabilistic risk tree.
The Development of the Air Anti-Submarine Warfare MissionTestbed as a Tool for the Development of Operator Models
Authors: Zachary Wayne W. , Zubritzky Monica C. , Glenn Floyd A.
Published: July 2017

The central concern of human factors engineering (HFE) is facilitating a productive relationship between man and machine. A new generation of man-machine systems has arisen in which the machine acts in a relatively intelligent manner to enhance the operator's decision-making capabilities in real-time multi-tasking situations. These systems have been termed “distributed intelligence systems” (DIS) because intelligence is distributed among all system entities, whether they are human or computer. The ability of these systems to aid humans in a flexible, interactive fashion depends on the capability of the machine to predict the human's information needs in a given decision-making situation. Thus, the DIS must incorporate a model that reflects the operator's information processing requirements for the tasks necessary to operate the system. To construct this model, it is necessary to develop a DIS testbed where experimental investigations can occur. The mission environment chosen for simulation is the Naval Air Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) mission, whose objectives to search for, find, and attack the enemy submarine involve complex tactical decisions in a real-time multi-tasking environment. In the Air ASW mission, most significant tactical decisions are made by the Tactical Coordinator (TACCO), the main operator of the system. The aspects of the testbed discussed in this paper include those elements of the simulation and responsibilities of the TACCO needed to illustrate the types of information processing tasks involved in the ASW mission. Also, the data collection capabilities of the testbed and how this data will be applied to operator model development will be discussed.
Electronic Checklists: Implications for Decision Making
Authors: Mosier Kathleen L. , Palmer Everett A. , Degani Asaf
Published: July 2017

Checklists are a way of life on the flight deck, and, undoubtedly, are indispensable decision aids due to the volume of technical knowledge that must be readily accessible. The improper use of checklists, however, has been cited as a factor in several recent aircraft accidents (National Transportation Safety Board, 1988, 1989, 1990). Solutions to checklist problems, including the creation of electronic checklist systems which keep track of skipped items, may solve some problems but create others. In this paper, results from a simulation involving an engine shutdown are presented, and implications of the electronic checklist and “memory” checklist are discussed, in terms of potential errors and effects on decision making. Performance using two types of electronic checklist systems is compared with performance using the traditional paper checklist. Additionally, a “performing from memory” condition is compared with a “performing from the checklist” condition. Results suggest that making checklist procedures more automatic, either by asking crews to accomplish steps from memory, or by checklists that encourage crews to rely on system state as indicated by the checklist, rather than as indicated by the system itself, will discourage information gathering, and may lead to dangerous operational errors.
An Evaluation of an Altitude Awareness Study
Authors: Granda Thomas M. , Vingelis Patricia J.
Published: July 2017

Because of the increase in altitude deviations at USAir during the spring and summer of 1990, an Altitude Awareness Program was instituted in September of 1990. The program emphasized cockpit altitude awareness procedures for pilots to utilize when handling altitude clearances and pilot altitude awareness in general. The program included a data collection and analysis effort involving voluntary pilot reported altitude deviations and potential deviations. USAir's program was subsequently expanded by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to include the air traffic controllers at six mid-Atlantic facilities. The study, like the program, focused on a team approach and a positive data collection environment. The study results show that there was a significant difference between the average monthly rates of FAA reported altitude deviations concerning USAir flights for the thirteen month period prior to initiation of the Altitude Awareness Program and the fourteen month period after the program started. An error classification analysis showed that most of the pilot and controller errors were identified as information processing, task prioritization, and decision making errors.
Electroencephalographic Correlates of Psychological Defense
Authors: Sterman M. B. , Mann C. A. , Eriksen H. R. , Olff M. , Ursin H.
Published: July 2017

The Kragh tachistoscopic method for measuring psychological defense mechanisms (“Defense Mechanism Test” - DMT) has been claimed to be valid for selection of personnel for really dangerous tasks. The method consists of presenting a stimulus picture at initial exposure times that are too short for perception. To test whether this perceptual disturbance arises from an aberrant cognitive response to the situation, we studied the magnitude, topographic distribution, and temporal modulation of spectral density in the 8–12 Hz EEG frequency band during DMT testing in 22 male and 2 female active duty US Air Force personnel. Personnel with high defense mechanisms had significantly more attenuation of the 8–12 Hz activity during stimulus exposure than low defenders, implying an increased level of cortical activation. Personnel with low defense scores relax faster than those with high scores. The differences seem to occur even before threat is reported. High defense seems to require more and longer lasting data processing which may be too costly in dangerous situations.
Integrated Information for Maintenance Training, Aiding, and on - Line Documentation
Authors: Johnson William B. , Norton Jeffrey E. , Utsman Leonard G.
Published: July 2017

Today's portable computer systems have the power, memory, and storage to support a broad spectrum of capabilities in maintenance environments. The computer hardware is a minor part of the success equation when compared to the intricacies of writing software and other design activities like knowledge base creation and interface development. The cost vs. benefit analysis is more likely to favor new technology when the same system can be used across multiple functions within a technical environment. The integration of training, job aiding, and on-line information is discussed in this paper. The software technologies of intelligent tutoring, expert-system job aiding, and multimedia information storage/retrieval will be described. Example systems are from the aviation and electric power generation maintenance environments.
Microstructural Features, Wear, and Corrosion Behaviour of Spray Cast Al—Si Alloys
Authors: Raju K , Harsha A P , Ojha S N
Published: July 2017

In the present study, the microstructural features, wear characteristics, and corrosion behaviour of spray cast Al—12Si, Al—15Si, and Al—20Si alloys have been investigated. The alloys were spray cast and hot isostatically pressed. Hot isostatic pressing has considerably reduced the porosity in spray cast alloys. The microstructure of spray cast alloys showed fine and globular-shaped Si particles in the Al matrix in contrast to needle-type eutectic Si and blocky-type primary Si in the Al matrix in chill cast alloys. The dry sliding wear tests showed that the wear rates of spray cast alloys are invariably lower and the potentiodynamic polarization tests showed that the corrosion resistance of spray cast alloys is considerably higher than that of chill cast alloys. The high wear and corrosion resistance of spray cast alloys have been discussed in the light of the microstructural modification induced during the spray casting process.
FDG-PET–driven consolidation strategy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: final results of a randomized phase 2 study
Authors: Casasnovas R.-O. , Ysebaert L. , Thieblemont C. , Bachy E. , Feugier P. , Delmer A. , Tricot S. , Gabarre J. , Andre M. , Fruchart C. , Mounier N. , Delarue R. , Meignan M. , Berriolo-Riedinger A. , Bardet S. , Emile J.-F. , Jais J.-P. , Haioun C. , Tilly H. , Morschhauser F.
Published: July 2017

Key Points

Superiority of R-ACVBP over R-CHOP14 was not established, as IHP criteria driving consolidation did not properly reflect disease control. The 26% PET2−/PET4− patients using IHP criteria increased to 79% using ΔSUVmax, which may help better select those needing an alternative to SIC.
Lung microbiome and host immune tone in subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with inhaled interferon-γ
Authors: Wang Jing , Lesko Melissa , Badri Michelle H. , Kapoor Bianca C. , Wu Benjamin G. , Li Yonghua , Smaldone Gerald C. , Bonneau Richard , Kurtz Zachary D. , Condos Rany , Segal Leopoldo N.
Published: July 2017

Therapies targeting inflammation reveal inconsistent results in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Aerosolised interferon (IFN)-γ has been proposed as a novel therapy. Changes in the host airway microbiome are associated with the inflammatory milieu and may be associated with disease progression. Here, we evaluate whether treatment with aerosolised IFN-γ in IPF impacts either the lower airway microbiome or the host immune phenotype.

Patients with IPF who enrolled in an aerosolised IFN-γ trial underwent bronchoscopy at baseline and after 6 months. 16S rRNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was used to evaluate the lung microbiome. Biomarkers were measured by Luminex assay in plasma, BALF and BAL cell supernatant. The compPLS framework was used to evaluate associations between taxa and biomarkers.

IFN-γ treatment did not change α or β diversity of the lung microbiome and few taxonomic changes occurred. While none of the biomarkers changed in plasma, there was an increase in IFN-γ and a decrease in Fit-3 ligand, IFN-α2 and interleukin-5 in BAL cell supernatant, and a decrease in tumour necrosis factor-β in BALF. Multiple correlations between microbial taxa common to the oral mucosa and host inflammatory biomarkers were found.

These data suggest that the lung microbiome is independently associated with the host immune tone and may have a potential mechanistic role in IPF.
Lung adenocarcinoma patients of young age have lower
EGFR
mutation rate and poorer efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Wu Shang-Gin , Chang Yih-Leong , Yu Chong-Jen , Yang Pan-Chyr , Shih Jin-Yuan
Published: July 2017

Patients aged =50 years are rarely diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung cancer. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to understand the mutation status of
EGFR
and the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment in young Asian patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

We collected tumour specimens and malignant pleural effusions from lung adenocarcinoma patients from June 2005 to April 2014, recorded their clinical demographic data, and analysed
EGFR
mutations by reverse transcriptase PCR.

EGFR
mutation data were collected from 1039 lung adenocarcinoma patients, including 161 patients aged =50 years and 878 patients aged >50 years. Fewer patients aged =50 years had
EGFR
mutations than older patients (p=0.043), but they showed a higher rate of uncommon
EGFR
mutations (p=0.035). A total of 524 patients with
EGFR
mutations received EGFR-TKI treatment, including 81 patients aged =50 years. Younger patients had a lower response rate than older patients (p=0.038) and had the shortest progression-free survival compared with other predefined age categories (p=0.033). Multivariate analysis of overall survival revealed age =50 years as a poor prognostic factor.

In conclusion, fewer Asian patients aged =50 years had
EGFR
mutations, but the
EGFR
mutation types were more uncommon. Age =50 years is associated with poorer efficacy of EGFR-TKI treatment.
Fate bias during neural regeneration adjusts dynamically without recapitulating developmental fate progression
Authors: Ng Chi Kei Jeremy , Currie Peter David , Jusuf Patricia Regina
Published: July 2017

Background

Regeneration of neurons in the central nervous system is poor in humans. In other vertebrates neural regeneration does occur efficiently and involves reactivation of developmental processes. Within the neural retina of zebrafish, Müller glia are the main stem cell source and are capable of generating progenitors to replace lost neurons after injury. However, it remains largely unknown to what extent Müller glia and neuron differentiation mirror development.

Methods

Following neural ablation in the zebrafish retina, dividing cells were tracked using a prolonged labelling technique. We investigated to what extent extrinsic feedback influences fate choices in two injury models, and whether fate specification follows the histogenic order observed in development.

Results

By comparing two injury paradigms that affect different subpopulations of neurons, we found a dynamic adaptability of fate choices during regeneration. Both injuries followed a similar time course of cell death, and activated Müller glia proliferation. However, these newly generated cells were initially biased towards replacing specifically the ablated cell types, and subsequently generating all cell types as the appropriate neuron proportions became re-established. This dynamic behaviour has implications for shaping regenerative processes and ensuring restoration of appropriate proportions of neuron types regardless of injury or cell type lost.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that regenerative fate processes are more flexible than development processes. Compared to development fate specification we observed a disruption in stereotypical birth order of neurons during regeneration Understanding such feedback systems can allow us to direct regenerative fate specification in injury and diseases to regenerate specific neuron types in vivo.
Recognition of visceral obesity beyond body fat: assessment of cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease using anthropometry
Authors: Vogt Barbara Perez , Caramori Jacqueline Costa Teixeira
Published: July 2017

Evaluation of body fat and its distribution are important because they can predict several risk factors, mainly cardiovascular risk. Imaging techniques have high precision and accuracy for body fat measurement. However, trained personnel are required and the cost is high. Anthropometric indices might be used to evaluate body fat and its distribution in general population. In chronic kidney disease patients, studies have been indicating that overweight status improves survival rates. On the other hand, visceral fat accumulation is associated with inflammatory responses and insulin resistance. This narrative review discusses particularities of fat distribution in metabolic context and the relevance of available methods for abdominal adiposity evaluation in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients.
Storied Place
Authors: Reinburg Virginia
Published: July 2017

Pilgrim shrines and their fabled miracles became beacons of resurgent Catholicism after the religious wars ended. Since the seventeenth century, historians have highlighted the contributions of bishops, clerics, and aristocratic patrons to Catholic reform, including the building and expansion of shrines dedicated to the Virgin Mary. But a close look at Notre-Dame de Garaison in Bigorre shows that the local community—peasants, shepherds, and pilgrims—created the shrine and its meanings out of the landscape and stories of this particular place in the central Pyrenees.

Les lieux de pèlerinage et leurs légendes miraculeuses sont devenus des lieux privilégiés du renouveau catholique à la fin des guerres de Religion. Dès le dix-septième siècle, les historiens ont souligné la contribution des évêques, des clercs et des patrons aristocratiques à la Réforme catholique, y compris la construction et l'extension des sanctuaires consacrés à la Vierge Marie. Or le cas de Notre-Dame de Garaison en Bigorre montre que c'est la communauté locale—paysans, bergers et pèlerins—qui a fondé le sanctuaire et lui a donné son sens en partant du paysage et des récits de ce lieu précis des Pyrénées centrales.
“Admiration . . . for All That Is Sincerely Religious”
Authors: Peterson Joseph W.
Published: July 2017

This essay contextualizes the philo-Islamic discourse of the ultramontane Catholic Louis Veuillot by comparing his representations of Islam in colonial Algeria with the Islamic imaginaries of his contemporaries Edgar Quinet and Eugène Boré. Like the anticlerical Quinet, Veuillot used the alleged theocratic unity of Islamic society to critique the divisions of postrevolutionary France. Like the Catholic missionary Boré, he praised the religious devotion and good faith of Muslims to condemn the anticlericalism of the July Monarchy and to affirm the possibility of Muslim conversion to Christianity. Sympathetic Catholic treatments of Islam would prove short-lived, as missionary efforts toward Algerian Muslims met with failure and frustration and as Catholics increasingly allied themselves by the end of the century with a more secular, racialized “civilizing mission.” But Veuillot's conflicted orientalism shows that resources for a begrudging Islamo-Catholic dialogue existed even (or especially) in that unlikely site: nineteenth-century, “intransigent” French Catholicism.

Cet essai a pour but de placer dans son contexte le philo-islamisme du catholique ultramontain Louis Veuillot au moyen d'une comparaison entre Veuillot et ses contemporains pourtant radicalement opposés, Edgar Quinet, connu pour son anticléricalisme, et Eugène Boré, orientaliste et missionnaire. Tout comme Quinet, Veuillot s'est appuyé sur l'exemple des théocraties islamiques pour critiquer les divisions sociopolitiques de la France postrévolutionnaire. Tout comme Boré, il a élevé au rang de modèle à suivre le respect des musulmans à l'égard de la religion pour mieux condamner l'anticléricalisme de la Monarchie de Juillet. Quoique la bienveillance avec laquelle les catholiques français ont considéré l'islam au dix-neuvième siècle ait été de courte durée, notamment en raison de l'échec des apostolats auprès des musulmans et de l'expansion des théories raciales, le discours orientaliste de Veuillot montre que même chez les catholiques intransigeants du dix-neuvième siècle un dialogue entre islam et christianisme avait été amorcé.
Endovascular Management of Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) Aneurysm – Adequate Access is Essential for Success – Case Report
Authors: Tkalčić Lovro , Budiselić Berislav , Kovačević Miljenko , Knežević Siniša , Kovačić Slavica , Miletić Damir , Tomulić Vjekoslav , Kuhelj Dimitrij
Published: July 2017

Background: An aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) with a diameter of 2.2 cm was found incidentally on an ultrasound (US) examination in a 26-year-old woman. The only known risk factor was an intracranial aneurysm that was found on her grandmother’s autopsy. Based on pregnancy planning and the current literature, endovascular management with a covered stent was proposed.

Case Report: Self-expandable, covered stent (Bard, Fluency®) was implanted using a single transfemoral approach. A stiff guidewire and a large sheath distorted the anatomy, which resulted in an incomplete aneurysmal neck covering. In the absence of additional covered stents, the procedure was terminated. Two weeks later, computed tomographic angiography (CTA) confirmed persistent aneurysmal perfusion due to the incomplete neck coverage. A multidisciplinary board opted for a second endovascular attempt, this time with a longer covered stent via the transaxillary approach in order to reduce anatomical distortion. Balloon, expandable, cobalt-chrome covered stent (Jotec, E-ventus BX®) was implanted in the SMA, covering the aneurysmal neck and overlapping the previously implanted covered stent. Angiography confirmed a complete exclusion of the aneurysm. A control US performed three weeks later confirmed a patent covered stent and complete aneurysmal exclusion. There was a mild median nerve damage periprocedurally that resolved in three months. The most recent US control examination, performed eleven months after the procedure, showed an excluded aneurysm and a patent covered stent. There were no clinical signs of bowel ischaemia during the follow-up period.

Conclusions: Endovascular management of SMAA proved to be safe and efficient. The “access from above” is probably safer and should be considered in the majority of cases with acceptable sizes of access vessels. Mid-term results in our patient are good and life-long follow-up is planned to prevent late complications.
The analysis of psychological directions, forms and methods of preventive work with the personnel of the state traffic Inspectorate
Authors: Петров  , Petrov Vladislav
Published: July 2017

The article is devoted to psychological analysis of the main directions, forms and methods of preventive work with the personnel of the state traffic Inspectorate. The direction of psycho-prophylactic work is systematized in the form of: 1) diagnosis; 2) training; 3) assistance; 4) correction. As integrating a dedicated system component such as a psychological counteraction. All the elements are disclosed in the relevant (specific) methods of psychological work. The proposed approach generates a holistic view of the system of psychological prevention. His introduction of the practice activities of psychologists of the state traffic Inspectorate will help to improve the tools available to the specialist preventive means, ultimately, reduce the number of violations of discipline and legality among the personnel.
The role of commanders in the organization and conduct of preventive work with soldiers
Authors: Анашкин  , Anashkin Oleg
Published: July 2017

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of commanders of military units in organizing and conducting preventive work with soldiers. Given the specificity of organizational and managerial activities in the field of improving the disciplinary system in the division. Specification of the perspective directions of preventive influence on subordinates. The material is aimed at improving work with the military, reducing the number of violations of military discipline in the units of the Armed forces of the Russian Federation.
Making effective use of dashboards
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: July 2017

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse at Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, considers some of the pitfalls users might encounter when collating and interpreting data
A bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound model reveals increased mortality of type 1 diabetic mice to biofilm infection
Authors: A.M. Agostinho Hunt , J.A. Gibson , C.L. Larrivee , S. O'Reilly , S. Navitskaya , D.B. Needle , R.B. Abramovitch , J.V. Busik , C.M. Waters
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To examine how bacterial biofilms, as contributing factors in the delayed closure of chronic wounds in patients with diabetes, affect the healing process.

Method:

We used daily microscopic imaging and the IVIS Spectrum in vivo imaging system to monitor biofilm infections of bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa and evaluate healing in non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Results:

Our studies determined that diabetes alone did not affect the rate of healing of full-depth murine back wounds compared with non-diabetic mice. The application of mature biofilms to the wounds significantly decreased the rate of healing compared with non-infected wounds for both non-diabetic as well as diabetic mice. Diabetic mice were also more severely affected by biofilms displaying elevated pus production, higher mortality rates and statistically significant increase in wound depth, granulation/fibrosis and biofilm presence. Introduction of a mutant Pseudomonas aeruginosa capable of producing high concentrations of cyclic di-GMP did not result in increased persistence in either diabetic or non-diabetic animals compared with the wild type strain.

Conclusion:

Understanding the interplay between diabetes and biofilms may lead to novel treatments and better clinical management of chronic wounds.
The importance of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in mastitis therapeutics
Authors: Breen James
Published: July 2017

The benefits of the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat and manage mastitis in dairy herds is well reported of reducing inflammation and for mediating endotoxin-induced effects. While there are few comparative studies in mastitis treatment, several products have been studied and outcomes reported for a range of outcome measures. This article briefly reviews the mechanism of action of NSAIDs and the role they play in the treatment of bovine mastitis, and expands on some recent research.
Umbilical hernia surgery in calves
Authors: Beasley Laura
Published: July 2017

Umbilical hernias are one of the most commonly encountered congenital defects in cattle and surgical repair is often achievable in the field under regional anaesthesia and sedation. Infection of the external umbilicus or internal umbilical remnants is a frequently observed additional finding which increases the complexity of corrective surgery. Large defects can also be more technically difficult to repair, therefore a thorough clinical assessment of the affected animal and appropriate case selection is key to selecting a suitable surgical technique or opting for surgical referral. This article aims to provide a practical guide to case assessment and field umbilical hernia correction.
Antithrombotic treatment for ischaemic stroke
Authors: Birns Jonathan
Published: July 2017

There have been considerable advances in stroke research leading to translation of drug therapy for stroke into the clinical arena. Thrombolysis has significantly reduced disability and revolutionised the manner in which acute ischaemic stroke is treated and anti- platelet agents and anticoagulants have a strong evidence base for the secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke. This article outlines the active approach towards treatment and prevention of ischaemic stroke utilising the antithrombotic medications currently available and highlights the role played by the stroke specialist nurse.
Agonistic and antagonistic drug action
Authors: Robertson Deborah
Published: July 2017

In this article in the series of ‘bite sized’ pharmacology, we will look at the concepts of agonism and antagonism with regards to drug action. These pharmacodynamic actions affect how a drug acts at its target site and the body's response to the drug. Knowledge of agonism and antagonism can assist the prescriber in drug choice. Knowing where a drug works, whether it is an agonist or antagonist and whether any other drugs have the same or opposing actions at that site of action is a crucial part of safe prescribing practice. It also helps the prescriber understand why some drugs cannot be prescribed in combination.
Tobacco control and young people: a guide for GPNs
Authors: Croghan Emma
Published: July 2017

Smoking-related deaths may happen decades later, but most smokers actually begin the habit in adolescence. Emma Croghan looks at ways that general practice nurses can help teenagers to give up or deter them from starting in the first place

Practice nurses have an important role to play in tobacco control with young people. Smoking remains a public health priority for all ages, and practice nurses will commonly experience working with older adults, especially those who have long-term conditions and who are smokers. Though the majority of smoking-related deaths are in people aged 35 years or older, the onset of smoking occurs primarily in adolescence. Therefore, intervening to prevent uptake and to increase and maintain cessation in young people who have already started to smoke is crucial.
Effectiveness of Best Management Practices with Changing Climate in a Maryland Watershed
Authors: Renkenberger Jaison , Montas Hubert , Leisnham Paul T. , Chanse Victoria , Shirmohammadi Adel , Sadeghi Ali , Brubaker Kaye , Rockler Amanda , Hutson Thomas , Lansing David
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The potential impacts of climate change on BMP effectiveness were investigated using SWAT simulations for an agricultural watershed that drains into the Chesapeake Bay in the U.S. Northeast climate region. Critical source areas (CSAs) for sediments, nitrogen, and phosphorus, identified for current and future climate (SRES scenarios A1B and A2), were classified by density to support BMP prioritization schemes. BMPs were designed for these CSAs and tested against current and future climate using SWAT simulations to evaluate their robustness. A second set of BMPs was designed by optimization for all agricultural and urban lands in the study watershed and was similarly tested for robustness. In both cases, the design goal was for the watershed’s water quality response to meet the bay TMDLs once BMPs were implemented. Results indicated that density 2 and 3 CSAs (hotspots exporting excess amounts of 2 or 3 constituents) may be good prioritization targets, but reaching the bay TMDLs would still require targeting all CSAs. BMPs designed for CSAs under current climate were effective to reach bay TMDLs under current climate but not under scenarios A1B and A2. BMPs designed for CSAs under scenario A2 were effective to reach the bay TMDLs under all climates, except for nitrogen under A2. Similarly, BMPs optimized for agricultural and urban lands, when designed for current climate, were effective in meeting TMDLs for current climate only. Optimizing these BMPs for future climate produced a design that met TMDLs under both current and future climates, except for nitrogen with future climate. However, in this case, the nitrogen TMDL was exceeded by a smaller amount than in the CSA design. It was concluded that, in the U.S. Northeast, BMPs designed to remediate water quality problems under current climate will be insufficient to maintain water quality with climate change. Increased annual rainfall and storm intensity will increase the proportion of watershed area needing BMPs, and current hotspots will generate excess amounts of new constituents that will require re-design of existing BMPs. Community-based participatory strategies will likely be required to foster BMP adoption and sustain water quality gains in the Chesapeake Bay region. Keywords: BMPs, Best management practices, Climate change, NPS pollution, SWAT model, Water quality, Watershed hydrology.
Integration of Aerial Imaging and Variable-Rate Technology for Site-Specific Aerial Herbicide Application
Authors: Yang Chenghai , Martin Daniel E.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. As remote sensing and variable-rate technology are becoming more available for aerial applicators, practical methodologies for effective integration of these technologies are needed for site-specific aerial applications of crop production and protection materials. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate how to integrate an airborne multispectral imaging system and an IntelliStar variable-rate aerial application system for site-specific management of the winter weed henbit. The airborne imaging system was used to acquire natural color and near-infrared (NIR) images of a fallow field near College Station, Texas, for mapping the infestation of henbit shortly before herbicide application. The images were then rectified, classified, and converted to a binary prescription map with the full application rate on infested areas and the zero rate on non-infested areas. The variable-rate aerial application system mounted on an agricultural aircraft was used to apply glyphosate over the field based on the prescription map. Airborne imagery was collected 14 days after the herbicide application. The as-applied map along with the prescription map and the post-application imagery were used to assess the performance of the site-specific application. Spatial and statistical analysis results showed that the imaging system was effective for mapping henbit infestations and for assessing the performance of site-specific herbicide application, and that the variable-rate system accurately delivered the product at the desired rate to the prescribed areas for effective control of the weed. The methodology and results from this study will be useful for aerial applicators to incorporate airborne imaging and variable-rate application systems into their aerial application business to increase their capabilities and profits. Keywords: Aerial application, As-applied map, Henbit, Imaging system, Prescription map, Variable-rate technology.
Comparison of Perennial Grasses and Corn-Based Biomass Materials for High-Yielding Hydrogen Gas Production
Authors: Irmak Sibel , Meryemoglu Bahar
Published: July 2017

Abstract.

Both perennial grasses and corn biomass residues are non-edible for humans and have high carbohydrate contents that make them promising raw materials for biofuel production. This study evaluated perennial grasses (miscanthus and switchgrass) and corn-based biomass materials (corn stover, stalk, cob, husk, and bran) for high-yielding hydrogen gas production by aqueous-phase reforming (APR). The biomass materials were dissolved in subcritical water to obtain hydrolysates for use as feed solutions in APR. The dissolution experiments showed that hydrolysis percentages and total organic carbon releases were considerably higher in corn biomass fractions as compared to perennial grasses. The highest (66.7 mL H2) and lowest (27.0 mL H2) hydrogen yields were observed when miscanthus and corn bran biomass hydrolysates, respectively, were used as the feed solution. Hydrogen production yields were found to be in the following descending order: miscanthus > corn cob > corn stover > switchgrass > corn husk = corn stalk >> corn bran. In general, the biomass hydrolysates that had less organic carbon resulted in higher hydrogen production. Hydrolysis and gasification results for corn husks from various types of corn (field corn, sweet corn, seed corn, and popcorn) were different. The findings of this study will be beneficial for selection of the right biomass material for production of a specific value-added product from biomass. This study focused on biofuel hydrogen gas, which has the highest specific energy content of all conventional fuels. Keywords: APR, Corn biomass, Hydrogen, Hydrolysis, Miscanthus, Switchgrass.
Automated Calibration of Electrochemical Oxygen Sensors for Use in Compost Bedded Pack Barns
Authors: Evans John T. , Sama Michael P. , Taraba Joseph L. , Day George B.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The objective of this study was to develop an automated calibration process for a galvanic cell type oxygen sensor. The manufacturer recommended a two-point calibration at room temperature; however, testing revealed that the response was not linear when both the temperature and oxygen concentrations varied. Thus, additional points were needed to generate a representative calibration equation and to reduce the sensor prediction interval. The calibration process needed to be capable of automatically recording sensor response (voltage) at an array of temperatures and oxygen concentrations. Calibration gases were used to precisely control the oxygen concentration inside a small manifold, and an electronically controlled water bath was used to regulate the sensor and gas temperature. A custom computer program controlled the sampling order and the data collection process. The responses for three sensors were recorded at six temperature (10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C) and five oxygen concentration (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% O2 absolute) combinations, for a total of 30 measurements per calibration. Calibration data were used to create a second-degree polynomial model with oxygen sensor voltage and temperature as input parameters, which reduced the prediction interval by over 1% O2 for each of the three sensors tested. The resulting prediction intervals ranged between 0.75% and 0.95% O2. Three sensors were mounted in a prototype oxygen probe and tested under controlled conditions to demonstrate the ability to measure oxygen concentration versus depth in a composting environment. Keywords: Aeration, Calibration, Compost, Dairy, Housing, Oxygen.