bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Siberian Stone Pine Plantations at the End of the First Age Class
Authors:   Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Terekhov Gennadiy G. , Andreeva Elena M. , Stetsenko Svetlana K.
Published: December 2021

The 40-year-old plantations of Siberian stone pine laid out as a permanent seed plot have been studied. The research purpose is to study the integrity, state and main forest inventory parameters of the Siberian stone pine plantations on the southern line of the species range at the end of first age class; to determine the role of natural renewal of trees and shrubs on the development of the Siberian stone pine plantations; to improve process solutions for efficient renewal of high-value biological resources. The research uses the methods generally accepted in forestry, forest science and forest inventory. It is found that the integrity of Siberian stone pine on the site is about 31 % (678 pcs/ha), wherein 406 pcs/ha are without damage to the trunk. Only about 25 % of Siberian stone pine trees grow under low shade, the rest of them are constantly shaded by natural renewal and have varying degrees of suppression. No generative organs were found in 44-year-old Siberian stone pine trees. At the initial stage of plantations growth, the main factor negatively affecting the integrity and state of trees is the damaging of Siberian stone pine by moose. Traditional improvement thinning with leaving stumps that produce many shoots of deciduous species attracts moose to the site in winter, where they use young growth of deciduous species and the covered with needles part of Siberian stone pine as forage. Subsequently, in the absence of tending, natural renewal negatively affects the Siberian stone pine trees, inhibiting growth and formation. It is necessary to remove the negative influence in the mixed biocenosis in order to prevent further deterioration of the Siberian stone pine state. This requires completely different technological solutions for forestry activities such as ringing or injection of trees of natural renewal, causing drying at the root, which significantly reduces or eliminates the emergence of deciduous young growth. This will decrease the attractiveness of the site for moose and minimize their impact on Siberian stone pine. The clear drying of surrounding trees will enhance the illumination of Siberian stone pine crowns and improve their soil nutrition, ensuring good root, trunk, and crown growth and accelerating the beginning of the formation of generative organs. These technical solutions can be used throughout the forest zone for the artificial cultivation of the high-value species – Siberian stone pine. For citation: Terekhov G.G., Andreeva E.M., Stetsenko S.K. Evaluation of Siberian Stone Pine Plantations at the End of the First Age Class. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 56–68. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-56-68
Producing Planting Material of Rubus arcticus L. by Clonal Micropropagation
Authors:   Central-European Forest Experimental Station, Makarov Sergey S. , Tyak Galina V. , Chudetsky Anton I. , Kuznetsova Irina B. ,   Kostroma State Agricultural Academy, Tsaregradskaya Svetlana Yu. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of experimental studies on various propagation methods of the Arctic bramble in the Kostroma region. Industrial cultivation of forest berry plantations is a possible effective solution to the problem of low profitability of using nontimber forest products, reduction of the wild berries resources and their productivity and quality, and reclamation of cutover peatlands. It is advisable to use high-yield varietal planting material to create such plantations. Special attention is paid to propagation and production of healthy planting material using culture of plant cells and tissues. Data on sterilization of explants when introduced in vitro are given. The highest efficiency of sterilization was observed when using a chlorine-free eco-sterilizer (the plant survival rate on the MS nutrient medium was 90–93 %). The effect analysis of the passage number of regenerated plants on the multiplication factor of the Arctic bramble varieties was carried out. The optimal concentrations of cytokinins at the stage of micropropagation are shown. The largest number of the Arctic bramble roots was observed when adding 1.0 mg/L of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg/L of Ecogel to the nutrient medium. The technological and agrotechnical operations performed during the cultivation of planting material of forest berry plantations are considered. Data on the coefficients of vegetative propagation of plants and their resistance to diseases, yielding capacity, and recultivation of cutover peatlands are given. The best planting material of the Arctic bramble are ball-rooted seedlings. Sawdust and sphagnum were used in the cultivation of this berry on the peatland. The economic efficiency of its cultivation with the method of clonal micropropagation was 358.2 %. For citation: Makarov S.S., Tyak G.V., Kuznetsova I.B., Chudetsky A.I., Tsaregradskaya S.Yu. Producing Planting Material of Rubus arcticus L. by Clonal Micropropagation. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 89–99. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-89-99
A. E. Fersman on the Kola Peninsula: Khibiny prospects
Authors:   Barents Centre of the Humanities of the Kola Science Center of RAS, Zmeyeva O. V.
Published: December 2021

The article examines certain aspects of the design and implementation of the Khibiny project of the future, compiled by academician A.E. Fersman. In scientific and popular science works, A. E. Fersman concretized the industrial significance of the Khibiny discoveries, proposed the ideas of the colonization of the Murmansk Territory and the implementation of the integrated use of mineral ores on the spot. The result of these works was the implementation in the central part of the Kola Peninsula of industrial projects to create industrial centers. The sources of the analysis were special and popular science works by A. E. Fersman, in which the author focused on the prospects for the development of the Khibiny tundra in the first period of Stalin's industrialization. The article examines the author's ideas about the future of the new industrial world of Khibiny.
Everyday life of the railway construction in the North of Russia: building of the Murmansk highway and changes in the revolutionary 1917
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Dubrovskaya E. Yu.
Published: December 2021

Based on archive materials and published sources the paper studies the questions of railway builders' every-day life during the construction of the Murmansk railway as well as in 1917, the period of revolutionary changes. The author suggests aspects of transformation of some social values, which provoked social strain condition and strengthened old psychological stereotypes at the same time. The study shows such daily structures as human being attitude to surrounding world’s belongings, relationship with other people and social mood. The railway builders, who have become unwilling settlers in the North of Russia, felt polycultural character of the region they found themselves together with thousands of other working migrants to Karelia and Kola North. Increasing of ethnic criminality connected with arriving of Chinese workers is identified as one of the factors, which made every-day life of construction workers and office- workers unstable.
Problems of development of the Russian spiritual education system in 1839–1866
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Kalinina E. A.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the system of spiritual education in Russian theological educational institutions. It is shown that the Spiritual and Educational Directorate, created during the reign of Nicholas I, made significant changes in the curricula of theological schools. The author revealed contradictory results in the field of spiritual education following the results of these transformations. The work used legislative acts, archival and documentary materials.
New findings of petroglyphes at Kanozero in Eloviy 3 panel
Authors:   University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Likhachev V. A.
Published: December 2021

For the period 2016–2019 a significant number of previously unknown petroglyphs were revealed in the Elovy 3 panel (the Elovy Island, Kanozero Lake). Detection of petroglyphs was facilitated by the use of photogrammetry techniques, careful night photographing of the panel with petroglyphs. The total number of new revealed rock carvings is is over 150, among them about hundred figures are recognizable and fall into one of the categories accepted in the study of rock art (anthropomorphs, zoomorphs, etc.).These findings expand our ideas about the stylistic diversity of the Kanozero petroglyphs. In this work, new motifs and compositions of rock carvings are introduced, both having analogues and previously not typical for the Kanozero rock art complex.
Total synthesis of the O-antigen repeating unit of Providencia stuartii O49 serotype through linear and one-pot assemblies
Authors: Halder Tanmoy , Yadav Somnath
Published: December 2021

Capsular polysaccharides of pathogenic bacteria have been reported to be effective vaccines against diseases caused by them. Providencia stuartii is a class of enterobacteria of the family Providencia that is responsible for several antibiotic resistant infections, particularly urinary tract infections of patients with prolonged catheterization in hospital settings. Towards the goal of development of vaccine candidates against this pathogen, we herein report the total synthesis of a trisaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen polysaccharide of the P. stuartii O49 serotype containing the →6)-β-ᴅ-Galp-(1→3)-β-ᴅ-GalpNAc(1→4)-α-ᴅ-Galp(1→ linkage. The synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit was carried out first by a linear strategy involving the [1 + (1 + 1 = 2)] assembly, followed by a one-pot synthesis involving [1 + 1 + 1] strategy from the corresponding monosaccharides. The one-pot method provided a higher yield of the protected trisaccharide intermediate (73%) compared to the two step synthesis (66%). The protected trisaccharide was then deprotected and N-acetylated to finally afford the desired trisaccharide repeating unit as its α-p-methoxyphenyl glycoside.
Threats to the Digital Markets Development Basing on Analysis of the «Yandex.Taxi» Aggregator
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow state University, Chesnokov Aleksey A.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to identifying and in-depth analysis of those threats, that arise when implementing aggregating digital platforms. The objectives of the research are to consistently consider the following problems of modern digital platforms: price discrimination, dissatisfaction on the part of performers, violation of the spirit of labor legislation, unfair competition, violation of the principle of distribution of risks and profits, the danger of competition of digital platforms. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of information from domestic and foreign sources, statistical analysis, historical analysis. The study identified and analyzed six types of threats that come from digital platforms. On the example of “Yandex. Taxi” aggregator and examples from international practice it is shown that all these threats take place all over the world, including Russia. It is also shown that these threats and their growing influence are directly related to the growing influence of digital platforms, which are strengthening their positions in relation to citizens, organizations and government. The following generalizing conclusions were made: digital platforms have ample opportunities to conduct unfair competition, violation of labor, antimonopoly and other legislation; individual cases of local violations or unfair actions add up to a single model of the development of threats around the world; in the global digital wars of corporations, the losers are citizens and states. To reduce risks and reach a long-term stabilization of digitalization threats, it is necessary to develop and implement significant methods of public and state control in the field of high technologies; first of all - to reform the labor and related legislation so that it takes into account the realities of the modern development of information technologies. It is shown that domestic legislation is still seriously lagging behind modern trends in the socio-economic structure. The research results are applicable to modern Russian jurisprudence, economics and sociology, where they relate to the issues of the digital economy and the activities of digital platform.
Digitalization of Commercial Activity of Russian Companies as a Factor of Their Competitiveness
Authors:   Synergy University, Deryabina Galina G. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Trubnikova Nina V. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Published: December 2021

Study of the impact of modern technologies and, in particular, digitalization, on the transformation and future development of industries, as well as changes in economic and marketing models within industries and their impact on business competitiveness is one of the new areas of research in the economic sciences. The purpose of this study is to apply the latest digital trends to modern commercial systems (B2B and B2B2C) of Russian companies to improve their competitiveness in an open digital economy. This work includes the authors’ own developments and field studies of digitalization of commercial functions, with a comparative analysis of the launches of B2B and B2B2C digital CRM systems in 2017 and 2020. The authors analyze materials on economic history and economic development impacted by technological progress, as well as recent researches in the field of digital technologies. This comparison reveals an understanding of the development of digital technologies in business aiming to increase its competitiveness in an open digital economy and to reveal the perception of these technologies by consumers and business partners of companies in Russia. Among the major digital trends that companies are rapidly adopting into their current business processes, including sales and marketing, the authors highlight the growing use of AI, voice search, 5G, AR technologies, chatbots, programmatic advertising, predictive analytics, omnichannel marketing, digital video marketing, blockchain. The field study revealed some progress in the level of digitalization and its perception in the country, starting with the dissemination of modern equipment to the increase in the computer literacy of the population and its openness to work with digital tools, both at the end-user level and at the level of business partners. That confirms the prospect of digitalizing the fieldwork for companies and leveraging the personalization component of marketing to improve the competitiveness of companies in an open digital economy.
Competitive Organizational Competences of the University
Authors:   Synergy University, Vasilev Artem I.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to reveal the author’s definition of competitive organizational competencies and to offer a tool for its practical perception – a matrix of perception of competitive competencies. For this, the article reveals the terminological difference between competence and competence and confirms the existence of such a difference in relation to not only the individual, but also the university. With regard to the organization, it is also possible to distinguish the knowledge-resource-expert aspect of the organization’s activities and the functional-active aspect. The organization develops collective, distributed, internal abilities (organizational competence) to perform actions that constitute a specific, specific direction of activity (organizational competence). The work describes a matrix of perception of competitive competencies, specially developed by the author, and proposes to use it as an analytical tool for university leaders. The properties of competence, which, on the one hand, reflect its activity content (i.e., the connection with a specific professional activity), and, on the other hand, have a competitive value and make sense in the context of competitive confrontation, are of priority importance. The matrix reflects the degree of proximity of the competence to the core of the business and the degree of uniqueness and specificity of the competence. The matrix of perception of competitive competencies proposed by the author makes it possible to clearly clarify the key, competitive, sectoral, auxiliary (additional), unique competencies of the university. When defining competitive organizational competence, the author discloses two methodological ways to combine competitive and competence-based approaches: to understand competence as a means or as a goal of competition. The author defines competitive organizational competence as a unique organizational ability that cannot be copied by competitors, which allows it to withstand competition at a high level of competitiveness. In this understanding, competitive competencies are not the goal of competition, but a means of competition, an instrument of competition.
Individual Abuse of Collective Dominance in Cellular Communications: Problems of Identification
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shastitko Andrey E. ,   IAER RANEPA, Ionkina Karina A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University; IAER RANEPA, Pavlova Natalia S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University; IAER RANEPA
Published: December 2021

Recently, discussions about the validity of the Russian practice of establishing the facts of individual abuse of collective dominance have been escalating: many experts point to a contradiction between the meaning of collective dominance, in which a small number of companies have a joint dominant position, in connection with each other, and the possibility of an individual company to abuse this position. The purpose of the article is to assess the correctness of this approach in the context of recent antitrust cases in the cellular communications market – in particular, two cases against the mobile operator “Tele2”. In the article, the applied practice is assessed in relation to the currently known results in the field of economic theory, as well as international best practices in the application of the concept of collective dominance. The findings indicate that the conclusion of the FAS Russia on the presence of the dominant position of Tele2 as part of collective dominance and the possibility of the company to exercise its market power does not correspond to either foreign practice or industrial organization theory. The source of error in the qualification of behavior is largely due to the focus of the antimonopoly authority on quantitative criteria of collective dominance to the detriment of the analysis of qualitative criteria and behavior. This case illustrates a typical tendency for such cases not to investigate the behavior of other collectively dominant market participants in relation to the behavior of the company accused of individual abuse, as well as not to investigate consumer behavior, and, in particular, their real possibilities to switch and switching actions. The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.
Continuous Entrepreneurship Education: Formation of an Innovative Model (2021 Experience)
Authors:   Synergy University, Rubin Yury B. ,   Russian Association for Entrepreneurship Education, Mozhzhukhin Danila P. ,   Synergy University; Russian Association for Entrepreneurship Education, Alekseeva Elena V. ,   Synergy University
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of the federal innovation project implementation “Model of an innovative system of continuous entrepreneurship education of higher education of the Russian Federation” in 2021, created in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. 1580 dated December 25, 2020, in the Synergy University. The goal of the project is to design, create and implement an innovative system of entrepreneurship education in a higher educational institution of the Russian Federation. It also analyzes the relevance and innovative implementation of the project from the standpoint of the current state of entrepreneurship education in the Russian Federation at the bachelor’s and master’s degrees. Competencies that form the core of an entrepreneur’s professional competence are analyzed. Based on this analysis, the substantiation of the professional competency-based model of practice-oriented education is provided for the programs of lifelong entrepreneurship education. The sequence of the formation of universal, general professional and professional competencies at the levels of bachelor’s and master’s degrees in entrepreneurship programs is revealed. The described approaches formed the basis for the refinement and improvement of competency matrices. It is proved that the development of a harmonized curriculum should be based on the proposed approach to the formation of learning outcomes. The authors describe the design features of methodological content that contributes to the consistent application of practice-oriented approaches in the implementation of lifelong entrepreneurship education programs, as well as innovative techniques, technologies, entrepreneurship training, and the trajectory of individualization of training for undergraduate and graduate programs. Other issues that are considered in the article reveal the activities of the federal innovation project from the standpoint of scientific publications, the dissemination of experience in the scientific community. Based on the described results, recommendations are proposed for the further formation of an innovative system of continuous entrepreneurship education in the Russian Federation.
A surprising finding of Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 (Insecta, Trichoptera) in Croatia with notes to DNA barcoding and new distributional data of the subfamily Drusinae
Authors: Kladarić Lidija , Popijač Aleksandar , Hlebec Dora , Previšić Ana , Ćuk Renata , Vučković Ivan , Kučinić Mladen
Published: December 2021

The subfamily Drusinae (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) is represented in Croatia with eight (8) species, including Ecclisopteryx asterix Malicky, 1979 recorded for the first time in Croatian fauna. The species was collected on two occasions: March 10th 2015 and March 6th 2021 in the Šumi Spring, at the Ivanščica Mt. in Hrvatsko Zagorje (North Croatia). This new finding considerably extends the distribution of this species, previously considered a microendemic of the Alps. The distribution of the two species, Drusus schmidi Botosaneanu, 1960 and D. croaticus Marinković-Gospodnetić, 1971 has been also enlarged with new findings. Within this study, nine specimens of the aforementioned species have been DNA barcoded and sequences were entered into the BOLD database. The results of this paper contribute to the ecological and faunistic knowledge of caddisflies in Croatia, with an emphasis on the subfamily Drusinae.
Computed Tomography-Derived Skeletal Muscle Radiodensity Is an Early, Sensitive Marker of Age-Related Musculoskeletal Changes in Healthy Adults
Authors: Jung Yeon Woo , Hong Namki , Na Joon Chae , Han Woong Kyu , Rhee Yumie
Published: December 2021

Background: A decrease in computed tomography (CT)-derived skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) reflects age-related ectopic fat infiltration of muscle, compromising muscle function and metabolism. We investigated the age-related trajectory of SMD and its association with vertebral trabecular bone density in healthy adults.Methods: In a cohort of healthy adult kidney donors aged 19 to 69 years (n=583), skeletal muscle index (SMI, skeletal muscle area/height2), SMD, and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat (V/S) ratio were analyzed at the level of L3 from preoperative CT scans. Low bone mass was defined as an L1 trabecular Hounsfield unit (HU) <160 HU.Results: L3SMD showed constant decline from the second decade (annual change –0.38% and –0.43% in men and women), whereas the decline of L3SMI became evident only after the fourth decade of life (–0.37% and –0.18% in men and women). One HU decline in L3SMD was associated with elevated odds of low bone mass (adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.13; P=0.003), independent of L3SMI, age, sex, and V/S ratio, with better discriminatory ability compared to L3SMI (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve 0.68 vs. 0.53, P<0.001). L3SMD improved the identification of low bone mass when added to age, sex, V/S ratio, and L3SMI (category-free net reclassification improvement 0.349, P<0.001; integrated discrimination improvement 0.015, P=0.0165).Conclusion: L3SMD can be an early marker for age-related musculoskeletal changes showing linear decline throughout life from the second decade in healthy adults, with potential diagnostic value for individuals with low bone mass.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN PRESIDEN NOMOR 125 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG PENATAAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Ramadhani Rizki
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya Peraturan Presiden Nomor 125 Tahun 2012 tentang Koordinasi Penataan dan Pemberdayaan Pedagang Kaki Lima namun penerapannya belum dirasakan sepenuhnya oleh setiap masyarakat di Indonesia, salah satunya pada masyarakat di Palembang. Pelaksanaan peraturan tersebut dilakukan secara yuridis dan institusional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan sosio-legal dan pendekatan konseptual dengan sumber bahan hukum yang dipergunakan adalah bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier melalui penelitian secara langsung di Pasar 16 Ilir Kota Palembang mellaui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara pada Dinas Perdaganga serta Satpol PP Kota Palembang dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan menarik kesimpulan secara deduktif. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa implementasi Perpres Nomor 125 Tahun 2012 tentang Penataan dan Pemberdayaan PKL Kota Palembang belum sepenuhnya berjalan baik. Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Koordinasi di Kota Palembang setelah Perpres Nomor 125 Tahun 2012 tentang Koordinasi Penataan dan Pemberdayaan PKL di Kota Palembang kawasan pasar 16 ilir dilakukan dengan memberlakukan sanksi administrasi.
PERSEPSI RISIKO ATAS IMBAUAN SOCIAL DISTANCING AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Yahya Umar , Saleh Adnan Adnan Achiruddin
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan persepsi risiko masyarakat atas pandemi Covid-19 dan imbauan social distancing di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang (Sidrap), Sulawesi Selatan. Temuan penelitian diharapkan memberi rekomendasi gagasan kepada pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data berupa data primer dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara online. Jumlah sampel mempertimbangkan jumlah perumahan sebagai populasi yaitu 5.989. Jumlah responden penelitian adalah 105. Teknik sampling adalah purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari keenam tipe persepsi risiko menunjukkan bahwa psychological risk (risiko psikologis) termasuk kategori sangat tinggi yakni 82.34%, Physical risk (risiko fisik) termasuk kategori tinggi yakni 71.45%, dan performance risk (risiko realitas informasi), finance risk (risiko keuangan), time-losss risk (risiko kehilangan waktu), social risk (risiko sosial) berada pada kategori sedang dengan masing-masing persentasi yakni 49.63%, 57.29%, 55.94%, 44.46%. Data ini bisa dipahami bahwa semakin tinggi persentase berarti semakin tinggi persepsi risiko masyarakat dan begitupun sebaliknya.
MANFAAT MODAL SOSIAL DALAM KETAHANAN SOSIAL RUMAH TANGGA PEDAGANG SAYUR KELILING DI MAHAKARYA KAMPUNG 2 KECAMATAN LUHAK NAN DUO KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT
Authors: Oktaviani Osi , Irwan Irwan , Zusmelia Zusmelia
Published: December 2021

Perkembangan makro ekonomi Indonesia saat ini mengalami penurunan hal ini dapat dilihat dari pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia pada April 2020. Penurunan pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut berada sektor informal. Kegiatan sektor informal ini adalah salah satunya pedagang sayur keliling. Dengan memanfaatkan modal sosial yang ia miliki pedagang sayur keliling mampu bertahan dalam ketahanan sosial rumah tangganya dengan pendapatan dibawah UMR. Tujuan Penelitian adalah menganalisis manfaat modal sosial dan ketahanan rumah tangga pedagang sayur keliling. Penelitian ini menggunkan pendekatan kualitaif, dengan metode pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara mendalam dan pengumpulan data dokumen. Analisis data menggunkan model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa manfaat modal sosial pedagang sayur keliling yaitu: 1) terbangunya kepercayaan anatar pedagang sayaur keliling dan pelangan untuk memberikan pinjaman serta memperkuatkan hubungan sosial antara pedagang dan pembeli. 2). Mampu memperlus jaringan, sebagai jembatan mendapatkan pelanggan baru dan terbentuknay kelompok arisan sesama pedagang. 3) terbangunya kesepakatan antara pedagang dan pembeli dalam tindakan ekonomi serta pedagang mampu bertahan dalam ketahanan rumah tangga dengan tidak membiarkan modal mereka berhenti karena pelanggan telat berhutang.
MENGUNGKAP STRATEGI KETAHANAN USAHA PENGUSAHA MUDA
Authors: Dewi Luh Gede Kusuma
Published: December 2021

Survey yang dilakukan oleh BPS menunjukkan banyaknya pelaku usaha yang mengalami penurunan pendapat akibat pandemic Covid-19. Fenomena ini juga terjadi dalam kiprah wirausaha yang dijalani oleh wirausaha muda dalam Asosiasi Pengusaha Muda di Fakultas Ekonomi Undiksha. Data awal terdapat 283 usaha yang terdaftar hingga tahun 2021, sedangkan hanya 72 unit usaha yang mampu bertahan. Menjadi pengusaha yang mampu bertahan di masa pandemi merupakan hal yang menarik untuk dianalisis strateginya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi ketahanan usaha anggota asosiasi pengusaha muda FE Undiksha di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, FGD serta studi literatur. Dari hasil pengumpulan data, reduksi data dan hasil FGD ditemukan delapan inti pokok yang mendukung ketahanan usaha dari anggota asosiasi pengusaha muda FE Undiksha. Hal ini adalah strategi penjualan yang bervariatif untuk terus dapat menjalankan operasional usahanya; memanfaatkan peluang di dalam badai pandemi; menghadirkan berbagai solusi agar terus bisa bertahan; tetap memiliki pikiran positif dan pikiran kreatif; mengendalikan diri agar terus berusaha untuk bertahan; kiat penjualan yang sesuai dengan kondisi pandemi; serta strategi lainnya dalam menghadapi konsumen. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini akan mampu menungkap strategi informan dalam mempertahankan usaha di tengah badai pandemi, sehingga kedepannya penelitian ini dapat dikembangkan kedalam bentuk pelatihan ataupun kurikulum yang membawa manfaat bagi para pengusaha mikro secara umum, dan kepada anggota asosiasi pengusaha muda FE Undiksha secara khusus, serta pihak-pihak terkait lainnya.
Measurements of Ortho-to-para Nuclear Spin Conversion of H2 on Low-temperature Carbonaceous Grain Analogs: Diamond-like Carbon and Graphite
Authors: Tsuge Masashi , Kouchi Akira , Watanabe Naoki
Published: December 2021

Hydrogen molecules have two nuclear spin isomers: ortho-H2 and para-H2. The ortho-to-para ratio (OPR) is known to affect chemical evolution as well as gas dynamics in space. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of OPR variation in astrophysical environments is important. In this work, the nuclear spin conversion (NSC) processes of H2 molecules on diamond-like carbon and graphite surfaces are investigated experimentally by employing temperature-programmed desorption and resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization methods. For the diamond-like carbon surface, the NSC time constants were determined at temperatures of 10–18 K and from 3900 ± 800 s at 10 K to 750 ± 40 s at 18 K. Similar NSC time constants and temperature dependence were observed for a graphite surface, indicating that bonding motifs (sp3 or sp2 hybridization) have little effect on the NSC rates.
Constraints on the End of Reionization from the Density Fields Surrounding Two Highly Opaque Quasar Sightlines
Authors: Christenson Holly M. , Becker George D. , Furlanetto Steven R. , Davies Frederick B. , Malkan Matthew A. , Zhu Yongda , Boera Elisa , Trapp Adam
Published: December 2021

The observed large-scale scatter in Lyα opacity of the intergalactic medium at z < 6 implies large fluctuations in the neutral hydrogen fraction that are unexpected long after reionization has ended. A number of models have emerged to explain these fluctuations that make testable predictions for the relationship between Lyα opacity and density. We present selections of z = 5.7 Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs) in the fields surrounding two highly opaque quasar sightlines with long Lyα troughs. The fields lie toward the z = 6.0 quasar ULAS J0148+0600, for which we reanalyze previously published results using improved photometric selection, and toward the z = 6.15 quasar SDSS J1250+3130, for which results are presented here for the first time. In both fields, we report a deficit of LAEs within 20 h
−1 Mpc of the quasar. The association of highly opaque sightlines with galaxy underdensities in these two fields is consistent with models in which the scatter in Lyα opacity is driven by large-scale fluctuations in the ionizing UV background or by an ultra-late reionization that has not yet concluded at z = 5.7.
Improvement of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Vector Magnetic Field Inversion Code
Authors: Griñón-Marín Ana Belén , Yabar Adur Pastor , Liu Yang , Hoeksema J. Todd , Norton Aimee
Published: December 2021

A spectral line inversion code, Very Fast Inversion of the Stokes Vector (VFISV), has been used since 2010 May to infer the solar atmospheric parameters from the spectropolarimetric observations taken by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The magnetic filling factor, the fraction of the surface with a resolution element occupied by magnetic field, is set to have a constant value of 1 in the current version of VFISV. This report describes an improved inversion strategy for the spectropolarimetric data observed with HMI for magnetic field strengths of intermediate values in areas spatially not fully resolved. The VFISV inversion code has been modified to enable inversion of the Stokes profiles with two different components: one magnetic and one nonmagnetic. In this scheme, both components share the atmospheric components except for the magnetic field vector. In order to determine whether the new strategy is useful, we evaluate the inferred parameters inverted with one magnetic component (the original version of the HMI inversion) and with two components (the improved version) using a Bayesian analysis. In pixels with intermediate magnetic field strengths (e.g., plages), the new version provides statistically significant values of filling fraction and magnetic field vector. Not only does the fitting of the Stokes profile improve, but also the inference of the magnetic parameters and line-of-sight velocity are obtained uniquely. The new strategy is also proven to be effective for mitigating the anomalous hemispheric bias in the east–west magnetic field component in moderate field regions.
Improvement of Walking Analysis using the Sciatic Function Index for Sciatic Nerve Function in Injured Rat Model Treated with Low-Intensity Aerobics
Authors: Margiana Ria , Alawiyah Kamila , Ima Khoirul , Fitriana Rizni , Widodo Arif Rahmat , Wibowo Theresa Devi
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Sciatica is a disease of the peripheral nerves. Sciatica indicates that there is damage to the peripheral nerves in the sciatic nerves. Factors that can affect this disease include gender, posture, parity, age, genetic factors, and occupation. Some of the pathophysiological conditions of sciatica include the pathology of the intervertebral disc, dorsal root, and sciatic nerve itself. The results of standard therapy with surgery have not been effective and very expensive. Therefore, research on therapy in sciatica cases still needs to be done and evaluated. Physical exercise treatment (aerobic] is necessary for this therapy in sciatica cases due to promote the function of peripheral nerves.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise treatment on peripheral nerve injury and its relationship to walking function during injury-induced peripheral nerve regeneration.
METHODS: This study was an experimental study with a post-test. he study sample consisted of Male Sprague-Dawley rats with an age of about 2-3 months divided into three groups. Control group was conducted by surgery without clamping/injuring the peripheral nerves. The treatment for second group (P1) was clamping/injury of peripheral nerve and given the treatment of physical exercise with aerobics. The treatment for third group (P2) was clamping/injury of peripheral nerve and not given the treatment of physical exercise with aerobics. The intensity of giving physical exercise treatment with aerobic that is carried out is for 42 days. Nerve functional evaluation was carried out using the sciatic function index (SFI) method. Histological staining for sciatic was used hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry with Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43) [Bioss, bs-0154R] and S100 antibody [ab52642]. This research was  approved by Animal  Ethics Committee of University of Indonesia protocol (No.19-07-0852).
RESULTS: There was a significant change between the 7th and 14th days (p<0.001; paired t-test) in the P1 treatment. Improvement in nerve function was found on the 14th day after being given aerobic treatment. This is indicated by the data average change in SFI scores on days 7 and 4 was from -144 to 34. This data is also supported by footprint changes for injured hindfoot data.
CONCLUSION: Low intensity aerobics treatment improve the walking function and nerve function in sciatic nerve injury on day 14. This is due to the effect of physical exercise on the injured sciatic nerve.
Analysis of Baby Stunting Prevalence Causing Factors in the Pandemy Era COVID-19
Authors: Ringoringo Harapan Parlindungan , Sholihah Qomariyatus , Maharany Dike , Kuncoro Wahyudi , Luthfansa Imam , Lenggono Kumoro Asto
Published: December 2021

AIM: The research objectives are to analyze prevalence factors stunting of a baby during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence rate of stunting under five in Indonesia is high due to the lack of awareness and knowledge of the community. This could prevent the government from fulfilling the need for quality human resources in the future.

METHODS: This study is an analytical descriptive study that aims to explain the factors that cause the prevalence of stunting under five in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data analysis using fishbone diagrams, hazard identification, and risk assessment of the six factors.

RESULTS: Furthermore, the analysis was carried out using hazard identification and risk assessment and obtained several risk categories, namely low risk of 13.3%, moderate 40%, high by 20%, and extreme by 26.7%.

CONCLUSION: The recommendations for improvement given refer to the extreme category because it is felt that this category has the highest urgency. The recommendations given are expected to assist the government in achieving the target of reducing the prevalence rate of stunting under five in Indonesia.
Prevalence and Predictors for Depression among Medical Students during Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Esmat Shereen , Attia Abeer , Elhabashi Eman
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Since the declaration of the World Health Organization of the coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) as a pandemic, several countries have locked down and quarantined their residents with restrictive procedures to control spread of the disease. Due to pandemic related stressors, concerns and worries have developed regarding negative psychological impact on the mental well-being of the general population, particularly those known to have higher levels of psychological impairment with high vulnerability to mental health diseases such as medical students. AIM: The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of self-reported depression and to explore its predictors during the period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 first lock down among medical students. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted at Kasr Alainy Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, in June 2020. A simple random sample was picked of one subgroup of 4th year medical students (No. = 300) at faculty of medicine during the academic year 2019–2020. Self-administered questionnaires including Beck’s Depression Inventory scoring were distributed using Google form through communication social media such as WhatsApp. RESULTS: Out of the 300 participants, 238 responses were received with response rate 79.3%. Results indicated that 38.2% of the respondents were experiencing depression with different degrees with Beck’s Depression Inventory mean scores was 19.4 ± 11.6. Multiple logistic regression analysis point out that gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4 and p = 0.022) and “Good” grade level of academic performance (OR = 7.2 and p = 0.045) are significant predictors for developing depression among the participating medical students. CONCLUSION: A significantly high prevalence of depression is detected among medical students during the first wave of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. The prevalence of depression is more among females than males and more with medical students achieving “Good” grade level.
Open Pyelolithotomy in a Pelvic Ectopic Kidney: Case Report and Current Literature Review
Authors: Hadisuryo Suharjendro , Hadi Ewaldo , Danurdoro Aria
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Advances in urology have significantly reduced the indications for open surgery to treat staghorn kidney stones. Nevertheless, according to our experience, open surgery is still the preferred treatment for rare cases of the ectopic pelvic kidney.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old man complained about pain in the lower umbilical region for five months. The pain drastically changed into a sharp pain two months before. The vital sign is normal; on physical examination, the palpation of the suprapubic area elicits pain when pressed, no mass is detected. The abdominal computed tomography without contrast showed a right ectopic kidney located anteriorly of the fifth lumbar to the second sacrum. There was also mild hydronephrosis (grade I) and staghorn stones measuring 4 cm x 2.3 cm. The stone was surgically treated with open pyelolithotomy through a midline infra umbilical incision. The patient was discharged five days postoperatively without distinct complications.
CONCLUSION: Open surgery can represent a valid alternative in the treatment of kidney stones of very selected cases, including anomalous kidneys, in a setting where resources are limited.
Plant and seed germination responses to global change, with a focus on CO2: A review
Authors: Debouza Nour ElHouda , Babu Thruppoyil Shaijal , Gopi Karthika , Zain Sabika , Ksiksi Taoufik
Published: December 2021

Earth atmospheric CO2 concentration has risen by over 35% since 1750 and is presently increasing by about 2 parts per million (ppm) every year. Due to contributions from human activity, CO2 is projected to keep rising in the predictable future and to double sometime during this century if fossil fuels burning remains. As a result, air temperature is projected to rise from 2 to 5 °C by 2100. Following this rise in CO2, some ecosystems will face challenges in the next few decades as plants will live in warmer temperatures, higher evaporating demand and widespread changes in drought lengths and severity. To yield healthy crops and forests in changing climate surroundings, it is vital to define whether elevated CO2 disturbs seed germination and plant formation, but even more, the physiological traits conferring drought tolerance. Here, we review the current understanding on the role that CO2 plays on plant growth and seed germination, as well as its impact during the exposure of abiotic stresses like drought and salinity.
Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Domina Gianniantonio , Astuti Giovanni , Bacchetta Gianluigi , Barone Giulio , Rešetnik Ivana , Terlević Ana , Thiébaut Melanie , Peruzzi Lorenzo
Published: December 2021

The nomenclature of 14 taxa from Central and Southern Europe within the Dianthus virgineus group is discussed. Dianthus aggericola Jord., D. collivagus Jord., D. consimilis Jord., D. orophilus Jord., D. saxicola Jord., D. juratensis Jord. are here lectotypified by specimens from the Jordan herbarium in LY, while D. godronianus Jord. by a specimen in P. Dianthus subacaulis Vill. is neotypified by a specimen collected on Mont Ventoux (S. France) and housed in MPU. For D. sylvestris Wulfen, a lectotype is here designated and its previous neotypification is discussed. Dianthus caryophyllus var. tenuifolius Moris, D. caryophyllus f. minor Moris and D. sylvestris var. garganicus Ten. are lectotypified by specimens housed in herbarium Moris (TO) and herbarium Tenore (K). Dianthus virgineus var. tergestinus Rchb. is lectotypified by a drawing from the Icones florae Germanicae & Helveticae, while D. contractus var. evolutus Lojac. is neotypified by a specimen in P. For each taxon the currently accepted name is provided including new synonymies. The type indication is followed by nomenclatural and taxonomic notes, in which the original material found is commented and the reasons for the identification of the types are discussed.
COVID-somnia: Sleep Disruptions Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bean Steven R. , Khawaja Imran S. , Ventimiglia Joseph B. , Khan Safia S.
Published: December 2021

The risk of exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the extent of illness an individual will experience are difficult to predict and leads to much apprehension for patients, family members, coworkers, and health care workers. What distinguishes this pandemic from previous ones is the ability of a major portion of the world's population to live and work without significant in-person interaction with other people, made possible with the help of the internet and remote work. Although this ability to interact without physically being in the same space is helpful in many ways, it has also caused anxiety and led to isolation for many people. Acute situational and chronic insomnia, delayed sleep phase, and sleep fragmentation have been the main pandemic-related sleep disturbances. The risk of prolonged hospitalizations and intubation for respiratory failure has been high among patients with obstructive sleep apnea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome. In this article, we discuss the impact of COVID-19–related isolation, confinement, and sleep health consequences on vulnerable populations and health care workers.

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Psychiatr Ann
. 2021;51(12):566–571.]