bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To what extent Iranian primary school textbooks mirror the philosophy of heritage education?
Authors: Barghi Rabeeh , Hamzah Aswati , Rasoolimanesh S. Mostafa
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This paper evaluates the content of Iranian primary school textbooks – as the fundamental educational tool in transmitting of key components – to highlight to what extent the content pursues the philosophy of heritage education. Heritage preservation, known to be fostering of the sustainable development, is successfully achieved through the education of young people. The philosophy of heritage education is to cultivate the sense of responsibility toward heritage preservation through the approaches of education through heritage, about heritage and for heritage in which students obtain knowledge, understand the value and develop their attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies the content analysis approach to evaluate the subject textbooks of the Iranian primary school curriculum. The content analysis was conducted for 51 textbooks across nine subjects and the teacher guidebooks for the art and physical education subjects. Historic country of Iran with a rich local and world cultural and natural heritage is significant context for this study.

Findings

The findings show that, however, heritage elements are applied for conveying the content of some subjects, there is the lack of clarifying of the concept and importance of heritage and cultivating the sense of responsibility toward its preservation.

Originality/value

The results contribute significantly in the heritage education literature as well as improving heritage education in Iran by highlighting the key points which should be considered to design heritage education programs.
Comparing small business owner and voter beliefs regarding constraints on business growth
Authors: Malone Trey , Koumpias Antonios M.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This research note compares voter opinions regarding small business entrepreneurial activity to opinions of small business owners and links any divergence in perceptions to realized suboptimal entrepreneurial growth policy.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data collection via best–worst scaling and estimation of linear regression models.

Findings

Results suggest that small business owners are less concerned about issues such as foreign competition, estate/death taxes, oil prices and labor union demands but are more concerned with domestic competition, income taxes, regulatory burdens and availability of credit from lenders.

Social implications

The authors find major discrepancies in opinions about trade policy and business financing, which may lead to policy design that hinders entrepreneurship given evidence that politicians do respond to voters' opinions (Autor et al., 2016).

Originality/value

It represents the first empirical assessment of differences between voter and small business owner perspectives on entrepreneurial policy. An immediate policy implication includes the need to provide additional avenues of communication of entrepreneurs' concerns.
Attractiveness, trustworthiness and expertise – social influencers’ winning formula?
Authors: Wiedmann Klaus-Peter , von Mettenheim Walter
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The importance of influencer marketing is constantly growing. However, little empirical research has examined influencers’ success requirements. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring whether the requirements of influencers’ attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness are relevant for online influencer campaigns. An entry-level luxury fashion brand is the focus of the experiment.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 288 participants completed an online survey evaluating the profiles of influencers who varied in terms of the three abovementioned requirements. The impacts of these requirements on brand image, brand satisfaction and brand trust as well as purchase intention and price premium were tested via structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results show that the most important requirement is trustworthiness, followed by attractiveness; surprisingly, the relevance of expertise is virtually nil.

Research limitations/implications

To date, practitioners are still struggling with the success requirements of influencer marketing. They have focused on traditional advertising models and numeric requirements such as the amount of followers. However, regarding merely these requirements can result in wrong decisions. Considering the two requirements, attractiveness and trustworthiness, in a stronger way can provide a remedy to this struggle. In future research, the relevance of the requirements in different involvement conditions and for non-attractiveness-related products might be investigated.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to explore the success requirements that are directly related to influencers (e.g. attractiveness) rather than numeric requirements of their profiles (e.g. page rank) and the impacts of those requirements on brand image, brand satisfaction and brand trust as well as purchase intention and price premium. It adapts the Source-Credibility Model for influencers and shows that its requirements interact in a unique way that is counterintuitive and different from other endorser types such as celebrities or salespersons.
The role of teamwork on team performance in extreme military environments: an empirical study
Authors: Meslec Nicoleta , Duel Jacco , Soeters Joseph
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which teamwork (developed either during an initial training phase or during a subsequent deployment phase) is influenced by the nature of the team’s environment (extreme vs non-extreme) and the extent to which teamwork is one of the explaining mechanisms for team performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected from 60 teams at 2 time-points: training phase in The Netherlands or Germany and deployment phase (in locations such as Afghanistan and Bosnia-Herzegovina).

Findings

This study’s results indicate that when teams consider working in extreme environments, they develop higher levels of teamwork as compared to teams expecting to work in non-extreme environments. These differences remain stable also during the deployment phase, such that teams operating in extreme environments will continue to have higher levels of teamwork as compared to teams operating in non-extreme environments.

Originality/value

With this study, the authors contribute to the teamwork quality research stream by empirically studying how teamwork quality develops in unique military contexts such as extreme environments. Studies in such contexts are relatively rare.
Patients presenting for hospital‐based screening for the coronavirus disease 2019: Risk of disease, and healthcare access preferences
Authors: Rojek Amanda , Dutch Martin , Peyton Daniel , Pelly Rachel , Putland Mark , Hiscock Harriet , Knott Jonathan ,   the RMH ED COVID‐19 Working Group
Published: July 2020

Objective

Early during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, Australian EDs experienced an unprecedented surge in patients seeking screening. Understanding what proportion of these patients require testing and who can be safely screened in community‐based models of care is critical for workforce and infrastructure planning across the healthcare system, as well as public messaging campaigns.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional survey, we screened patients presenting to a COVID‐19 screening clinic in a tertiary ED. We assessed the proportion of patients who met testing criteria; self‐reported symptom severity; reasons why they came to the ED for screening and views on community‐based care.

Results

We include findings from 1846 patients. Most patients (55.3%) did not meet contemporaneous criteria for testing and most (57.6%) had mild or no (13.4%) symptoms. The main reason for coming to the ED was being referred by a telephone health service (31.3%) and 136 (7.4%) said they tried to contact their general practitioner but could not get an appointment. Only 47 (2.6%) said they thought the disease was too specialised for their general practitioner to manage.

Conclusions

While capacity building in acute care facilities is an important part of pandemic planning, it is also important that patients not needing hospital level of care can be assessed and treated elsewhere. We have identified a significant proportion of people at this early stage in the pandemic who have sought healthcare at hospital but who might have been assisted in the community had services been available and public health messaging structured to guide them there.
Can the growing of transgenic maize threaten protected Lepidoptera in Europe?
Authors: Lövei Gábor L. , Lang Andreas , Ferrante Marco , Bacle Victor
Published: July 2020

We evaluated whether protected European butterflies can potentially be at risk if transgenic maize is extensively grown in Central Europe. We explored potential consequences of both insect resistant (IR) and herbicide resistant (HR) transgenic maize. IR maize can produce pollen that is toxic to lepidopteran larvae, and this puts butterfly species at possible risk if the presence of young larvae coincides with maize flowering, during which large quantities of maize pollen can be deposited on vegetation. By considering the timing of maize flowering in Europe and the phenology of the protected Lepidoptera species, we found that 31 species had at least one generation where 50% of the larval stage overlapped with maize flowering, and 69 species for which first instar larvae were present during maize pollen shedding. HR maize allows high concentration herbicide treatments on fields without seasonal limitation, which can drastically reduce weed densities. In cases where such weed species are host plants for protected butterflies, reduced host plant/food availability can result, causing population decreases. By using published information, we first identified the important weed species in major maize‐growing European countries. Subsequently, we checked whether the host plants of protected Lepidoptera included species that are common maize weeds. We identified 140 protected species having food plants that are common weeds in one or more of the major European maize‐growing countries. If HR maize is grown in Europe, there is a potential hazard that their food plants will seriously decline, causing a subsequent decline of these protected species.
The alleviation of methyl jasmonate on loss of aroma lactones correlated with ethylene biosynthesis in peaches
Authors: Cai Hongfang , Han Shuai , Yu Mingliang , Ma Ruijuan , Yu Zhifang
Published: July 2020

Peaches are vulnerable to cold temperature, showing the symptoms of chilling injury (CI). The occurrence of CI results in irreversible aroma loss, especially ‘peach‐like’ lactones loss during cold storage and subsequent shelf life. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment is effective in alleviating CI symptoms in peach fruit; however, its effect on peach aroma volatiles is still unknown. To explore the effect and mechanism of MeJA treatment on aroma loss of peaches, fruit was treated with 10 µmol/L MeJA, then stored at 4 °C for 3 weeks, and subsequently transferred to 20 °C to simulate shelf life for 3 days. Here, the ability of MeJA to regulate aroma lactones of ‘Xiahui 6’ peaches was investigated, and the expression of genes responsible for ethylene and lactones biosynthesis was considered. MeJA treatment significantly reduced internal browning index, increased ethylene production, and promoted the emission of aroma‐related lactones in peaches during shelf life at room temperature. In addition, MeJA also elevated the expression of PpSAMS, PpACS3, PpACS4, PpACO, and PpACX3 during or after cold storage. These results suggested that MeJA treatment could enhance chilling tolerance in peaches and induce the recovery of ethylene and aroma lactones, which is closely related to ethylene biosynthesis as revealed by upregulated genes expression of PpSAMS, PpACS3/4, and PpACO.

Practical Application

This research provides theoretical basis for the application of methyl jasmonate in fruit preservation and the basis for molecular breeding to cultivate aroma‐abundant peach fruits.
Moderate Alcohol Consumption Targets S100β+ Vascular Stem Cells and Attenuates Injury‐Induced Neointimal Hyperplasia
Authors: Liu Weimin , Harman Suzie , DiLuca Mariana , Burtenshaw Denise , Corcoran Eoin , Cahill Paul A. , Redmond Eileen M.
Published: July 2020

Background

Stem cells present in the vessel wall may be triggered in response to injurious stimuli to undergo differentiation and contribute to vascular disease development. Our aim was to determine the effect of moderate alcohol (EtOH) exposure on the expansion and differentiation of S100 calcium‐binding protein B positive (S100β+) resident vascular stem cells and their contribution to pathologic vessel remodeling in a mouse model of arteriosclerosis.

Methods and Results

Lineage tracing analysis of S100β+ cells was performed in male and female S100β‐eGFP/Cre/ERT2–dTomato transgenic mice treated daily with or without EtOH by oral gavage (peak BAC: 15 mM or 0.07%) following left common carotid artery ligation for 14 days. Carotid arteries (ligated or sham‐operated) were harvested for morphological analysis and confocal assessment of fluorescent‐tagged S100 β + cells in FFPE carotid cross sections.

Ligation‐induced carotid remodeling was more robust in males than in females. EtOH‐gavaged mice had less adventitial thickening and markedly reduced neointimal formation compared to controls, with a more pronounced inhibitory effect in males compared to females. There was significant expansion of S100β+‐marked cells in vessels postligation, primarily in the neointimal compartment. EtOH treatment reduced the fraction of S100β+ cells in carotid cross sections, concomitant with attenuated remodeling. In vitro, EtOH attenuated Sonic Hedgehog‐stimulated myogenic differentiation (as evidenced by reduced calponin and myosin heavy chain expression) of isolated murine S100β+ vascular stem cells.

Conclusions

These data highlight resident vascular S100β+ stem cells as a novel target population for alcohol and suggest that regulation of these progenitors in adult arteries, particularly in males, may be an important mechanism contributing to the antiatherogenic effects of moderate alcohol consumption.
A case of Wong‐type dermatomyositis treated with rituximab and IVIG
Authors: Argobi Yahya , Fedeles Flavia , Schoenfeld Sara R.
Published: July 2020

A 37‐year‐old woman presented to our rheumatology–dermatology clinic with a rash, muscle weakness and fatigue. She has had prior diagnoses of cutaneous lupus and lichen planus based on skin biopsies. She did not respond to topical steroids, hydroxychloroquine and dapsone. Clinically, she had sharply demarcated photo‐distributed erythema over the upper back, chest and upper arms, along with hyperkeratotic follicular papules on bilateral upper arms, shoulders, posterior neck, behind the ears, chest including breasts, abdomen and right buttock. Investigations revealed a high titre ANA, elevated creatinine kinase, aldolase and positive anti‐MJ/nuclear matrix protein 2 (NXP‐2). A skin biopsy showed findings of connective tissue disease. The diagnosis of Wong‐type dermatomyositis was made. She responded to therapy with mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab and IVIG.
Lives lived differently: Geography and the study of black women
Authors: Daley Patricia
Published: July 2020

This paper considers the geographical study of black women’s lives through a reflection on Jacqueline Tivers’ (1978) “How the other half lives: the geographical study of women.” While feminist geographers have drawn on black feminist thought, the limited presence of black women academics within the discipline of Geography contributed to a lack of sensitivity to the distinctiveness of black women's geographies. The paper notes the considerable body of work that has emerged since Tivers’ paper, including that which challenges the universalisation of concepts of women, gender, family, and the household, especially in relation to black women’s lives globally. It asserts the globality of black women’s “lifeways” – especially the interconnections between continental Africa and the African diaspora – and suggests that a more relational approach to the study of black women’s lives could inform geographers’ understanding of gendered and racial structures of oppression and alternative geographies of resistance and freedom.
Reconstruction of past backyard skating seasons in the Original Six NHL cities from citizen science data
Authors: Malik Karim , McLeman Robert , Robertson Colin , Lawrence Haydn
Published: July 2020

This study conducted linear and change‐point analyses of historical trends since 1942 in the length and number of days suitable for skating on backyard rinks in the “Original Six” National Hockey League cities of Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Montreal, New York, and Toronto. Analysis is based on the relationship between ambient air temperatures and the probability of skating, using thresholds identified through the RinkWatch citizen science project. In all cities, coefficient estimates suggest the number of high‐probability skating days per winter is declining, with easternmost cities displaying notable declines and growing inter‐annual variability in skating days in recent decades. Linear analysis shows a statistically significant decline in Toronto, with a step‐change emerging in 1980, after which there is on average one‐third fewer skating days compared with preceding decades. The outdoor skating season trends towards later start dates in Boston, Montreal, New York, and Toronto. Future monitoring of outdoor rinks provides an opportunity for engaging the public in identification of winter warming trends that might otherwise be imperceptible, and for raising awareness of the impacts of climate change.
Debate: Lessons learned in lockdown – a one‐day remotely delivered training on low‐intensity psychological interventions for common mental health conditions
Authors: Batchelor Rachel , Catanzano Matteo , Kerry Ellie , Bennett Sophie D. , Coughtrey Anna E. , Liang Holan , Curry Vicki , Heyman Isobel , Shafran Roz
Published: July 2020

The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the need for remote technologies to be used in child and adolescent mental health services. With the UK being placed in lockdown one week before a scheduled ‘face‐to‐face’ low‐intensity CBT training day due to COVID‐19, there was a need for rapid adaptations to be made to the content, structure and format of a training day for practitioners in mental health services, to suit the online environment. The content covered the core areas of low‐intensity CBT in children and adolescents. Findings showed that the one‐day low‐intensity training day increased knowledge and understanding in all key areas measured, and was positively received, providing further evidence for the effectiveness and acceptability of remote delivery. Given discussed benefits of remote delivery, as well as rapid developments in technologies helping to address some of the challenges raised, going forward, remote delivery could continue to be beneficial for increasing access to much needed evidence‐based interventions.
Development and validation of a scale to assess Feeding at Sleep Time (FeAST) among infants and toddlers
Authors: Muthu Murugan Satta , Ganesh Akila , Padmanabhan Ramachandran , Nuvvula Sivakumar , Mohanraj Rani
Published: July 2020

Background

Feeding practices adopted by parents play a critical role in the development of children's taste preferences, eating habits, nutrition and eventual weight status. Many scales have been developed to assess feeding practices among children of various age groups. This paper aimed to construct and validate a robust scale for the comprehensive assessment of sleep‐time feeding practices for children aged 0‐3 years and to establish the risk of developing Early Childhood Caries (ECC).

Methods

There were multiple phases to the development of the scale: (a) formation of a conceptual framework, (b) systematic development of an item pool, (c) refinement of the item pool by focus group discussion, cognitive interviewing and pretesting, (d) validity testing and (e) reliability testing. The conceptual framework was built based on four broad constructs: breastfeeding, bottle‐feeding, other feeding modes and ‘tooth and diet’ constructs. Reviews of existing scales in related areas were instrumental in scale development and helped to generate an initial pool of 45 items, which was finally refined to 28 items.

Results

Cognitive interviews by the ‘think‐aloud protocol’ helped to reduce ambiguity and maximize clarity of the questions. Pretesting the scale aided increased comprehension and specificity. Face and content validity were corroborated by ‘subject matter experts’ who endorsed the suitability and appropriateness of items. Reliability was assessed by test‐retest, and a near‐perfect agreement was obtained in 96% of the items.

Conclusions

This is the first validated scale currently available for recording sleep‐time feeding practices of children less than three years of age. This 28‐item scale can be applied as a potential clinical scale to record sleep‐time feeding history and the risk of developing ECC as well as a research scale to investigate the association of sleep‐time feeding practices with ECC.
Association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and congenital anomalies in children: A retrospective cohort study based on Japanese claims data
Authors: Yamamoto‐Sasaki Madoka , Yoshida Satomi , Takeuchi Masato , Tanaka‐Mizuno Sachiko , Kawakami Koji
Published: July 2020

Certain studies previously pointed out that treating pregnant women with antidepressants may increase risks of congenital anomalies in their children. However, to date, the study results are not conclusive. Furthermore, most studies have been performed using data from Western countries; therefore, we examined this association using Japanese data. This retrospective cohort study was based on claims data of mothers and their children from January 2005 to July 2014, obtained from the JMDC Inc. Information on antidepressant prescriptions was extracted from the database. Children were followed up from birth through July 2014 or until their withdrawal from the database and were identified for obtaining information on their congenital anomalies. We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy and the children's congenital anomalies. Of 53 864 eligible pairs of mothers and children, 53 697 pairs met the study criteria. No increased risk of total congenital anomalies in children whose mothers used antidepressants of any type during the first trimester of pregnancy was found in the analysis (adjusted analysis with confounders, odds ratio: 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.52, 1.42). In addition, there was no increased risk of organ specific anomalies in the analysis by type of antidepressant. We found no increased risk of congenital anomalies in children whose mothers used antidepressants during the first trimester of pregnancy compared to that of non‐users based on the Japanese claims data. Additional studies are necessary to further clarify the association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and congenital anomalies in children.
Exploring the complexity of risk factors for cerebral palsy
Authors: Tsibidaki Assimina
Published: July 2020

This commentary is on the original article by Forthun et al. on pages 1176–1181of this issue.
Adaptive plasticity in wing melanisation of a montane butterfly across a Himalayan elevational gradient
Authors: Gautam Shubham , Kunte Krushnamegh
Published: July 2020

Traits that are significant to the thermal ecology of temperate or montane species are expected to prominently co‐vary with the thermal environment experienced by an organism. The Himalayan Pieris canidia butterfly exhibits considerable variation in wing melanisation. We investigated: (i) whether variation in wing melanisation and (ii) activity period of this montane butterfly was influenced by the seasonally and elevationally changing thermal landscape.

We discovered that wing melanisation varied across elevation, seasons, sex, and wing surfaces, with the variation strongly structured in space and time: colder seasons and higher elevations produced more melanic individuals. Notably, melanisation did not vary uniformly across all wing surfaces: (i) melanisation of the ventral hindwing co‐varied much more prominently with elevation, but (ii) melanisation on all other surfaces varied with seasonal changes in the thermal environment.

Observed wing surface‐specific patterns indicated thermoregulatory function for this variation in melanisation. Such wing surface‐specific responses to seasonal and elevational variation in temperature have rarely been reported in montane insects.

Moreover, daily and seasonal thermal cycles were found to strongly influence activity periods of this species, suggesting the potential limits to wing melanisation plasticity.

Overall, these results showed that the seasonal and elevational gradients in temperature influence the thermal phenotype as well as activity periods of this Himalayan butterfly. It will be critical to study the phenotypic evolution of such montane insects in response to the ongoing climate change, which is already showing significant signs in this iconic mountain range.
The association between sleep quality and attenuated psychotic symptoms
Authors: Clarke Stephen , Hanna Donncha , Davidson Sarah , Shannon Ciarán , Mulholland Ciaran
Published: July 2020

Aim

To determine if poor sleep makes a unique contribution in predicting the likelihood of experiencing six or more attenuated psychotic symptoms and associated distress, after examining and controlling for sociodemographic factors, depression and drug/alcohol use.

Method

An online survey was conducted using Amazon's online crowdsourcing service Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The sample was 1013 adults (18 to 36 years) from the general population in the United States. The survey consisted of the Prodromal Questionnaire 16 (PQ‐16), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9, the Drug Abuse Screening Test 10 and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Regression analyses were performed with the PQ‐16 as the dependent variable, and sleep quality as the predictor variable, holding constant sociodemographic variables, depression, and alcohol/drug abuse.

Results

37% of the sample endorsed six or more PQ‐16 items, which may be suggestive of an at‐risk mental state, with sleep disturbance significantly increasing the likelihood (Odds ratio 2.09 < .001) of endorsing six or more PQ‐16 items. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, depression and drug/alcohol abuse, poor sleep quality made a unique contribution of 5.8% of the variance accounted for in level of distress experienced by attenuated psychotic symptoms.

Conclusion

Effective treatment of sleep disturbance may reduce the likelihood ofexperiencing attenuated psychotic symptoms and associated distress.
Computed tomography and myelography of the equine cervical spine: 180 cases (2013–2018)
Authors: Lindgren C. M. , Wright L. , Kristoffersen M. , Puchalski S. M.
Published: July 2020

Computed tomography (CT) with CT myelography is a novel imaging modality for detailed anatomical imaging and precise diagnosis of equine cervical spine pathology. Computed tomography of the complete cervical vertebral column in live horses has not been reported previously. The objectives of this study were to describe the diagnostic utility of CT and CT myelography in horses, the technique, the type and distribution of lesions and procedure‐related complications. Medical records of horses subjected to cervical CT and CT myelography between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed for this retrospective descriptive study. The examinations were performed with horses in lateral recumbency using a large‐bore CT scanner. In total, 180 horses were included. The study population consisted of 79.4% Warmblood breed horses, 68.3% were male, the mean age was 7.1 years (range 21 days–21 years), and the bodyweight ranged from 61 to 717 kg (mean 530 kg). Pathology of the cervical vertebral column was identified in 176/180 horses (97.8%) and included osteoarthritis of the articular process joints in 83%. Impingement and compression of the spinal cord were detected using CT myelography in 125/147 horses (85%). Pathology was localised caudal to C5 in 90%. The mean ± s.d. anaesthesia time was 34 ± 19 min and 52 ± 13 min for CT examinations, excluding and including myelography, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 7.2% of the examined horses. The caudal location of the majority of lesions emphasises the importance of good‐quality imaging of the most caudal cervical vertebrae in horses with suspected cervical spinal pathology and/or spinal cord compression. Computed tomography imaging enables identification of bony and soft tissue lesions of the entire cervical vertebral column in live, large‐breed adult horses.
The holistic learning educational ecosystem: A classroom 4.0 perspective
Authors: Koul Surabhi , Nayar Burna
Published: July 2020

The emergence of Industry 4.0 has inspired education to undergo a transformation and change its delivery lens. To adapt to the expectation of Industry 4.0, Education 4.0 has built a new interface for each stakeholder. The roles of these stakeholders have been remodelled, which in turn profoundly influences the way a new‐age learner learns. The seamless union of the vision of Industry 4.0 and Education 4.0 demands the establishment of a dais where each stakeholder will play out their assigned roles. The current study proposes a conceptual model of the holistic learning educational ecosystem. The study performs an extensive literature review of the current industry and educational set‐ups to evaluate the status quo. The analysis directs towards a new concept of Classroom 4.0, which will act as a bridge between Industry 4.0 and Education 4.0—hence devising a conceptual model of the holistic learning educational ecosystem. It will help create a borderless education environment which will be a reflection of the vision of Industry 4.0 and Education 4.0. Focusing on learning, development, self‐awareness and emotional stability, the paper suggests a way forward for the new generation. Current research will act as a bridge between global path‐breaking education research and implementation of in‐class teaching methods in higher education.
Meteoric synthesis of Luminescent Fe2O3 Nanoparticles: A potential Cytotoxic, Antioxidant & Bactericidal agent
Authors: Deepthi Reddy Gavini , Noorjahan Mohammed , Ratnamala Annapragada , Haseena Mohammed , Manjunatha Hanumanthrayappa , Chandra Babu Naidu Kadiyala
Published: July 2020

Here we report the meteoric synthesis of luminescent nanomagnetic Fe2O3 (LNM Fe2O3) particles using green sources ie, microwave energy of 800 W and Hibiscus rosasinensis (H rosasinensis) leaf extract with high anti oxidant and anti cancer properties as an active surfactant. The microwave irradiation times for the synthesis of LNM Fe2O3 particles were optimized. Structural morphology, magnetic and optical properties of synthesized LNM Fe2O3 particles was studied using different analytical techniques. The data clearly indicated that H rosasinensis leaf extract‐mediated LNM Fe2O3 particles are spherical in shape with the presence of both α‐Fe2O3 and small amounts of ϒ ‐ Fe2O3 phases which have smaller size and larger surface area with slight agglomeration. Cytotoxic activities were performed on HCT‐116, HeLa and MCF‐7 cancer cell lines using MTT assay, antioxidant ability was determined using DPPH assay and bactericidal activity studies performed on Gram‐negative E coli bacteria and Gram‐positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis for the synthesized LNM Fe2O3 particles which were found to be highly efficient. Biological studies revealed that synthesized luminescent nanomagnetic Fe2O3 particles act as potential cytotoxic, antioxidant and bactericidal agent.
Methyl jasmonate alleviates the reduced release of aroma‐related esters in ‘Nanguo’ pears by regulating ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction
Authors: Yin Xiao‐chen , Ji Shu‐juan , Cheng Shun‐chang , Zhou Qian , Zhou Xin , Luo Man‐li , Ma Ming‐jie , Hu Mei‐Si , Wei Bao‐dong
Published: July 2020

Cryopreserved fruits usually develop symptoms, which affects the release of aroma. Our study investigated the impact of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) upon the synthesis of aromatic esters in ‘Nanguo’ pears after cold storage. It found that exogenous MeJA enhanced ethylene accumulation via improving the activity of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic‐acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) and the expression levels of PuACS1 and PuACO1. After cryopreservation for 90 days, the ester aroma of ‘Nanguo’ pears was effectively improved by MeJA during normal temperature shelf life. In addition, the expression of PuERS1, PuETR1, PuEIN4, PuEIN2 and PuERF1 in MeJA‐treated fruits were obviously increased. Therefore, we infer that the influence of MeJA on production of aroma‐related esters in ‘Nanguo’ pears is closely connected with ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction, namely increase activity of ACS and ACO, and upregulation of the expression level of PuACS1, PuACO1, PuERS1, PuETR1, PuEIN2, PuEIN4 and PuERF1.
Potentials of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pichia kudriavzevii in co‐fermentation of sourdough from millet
Authors: Banwo Kolawole , Fasuyi Temitayo O. , Olojede Ayoyinka O.
Published: July 2020

The use of millet in the production of gluten‐free sourdough has significant benefits such as its suitability for individuals with gluten sensitivity. Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were screened for functional properties from unmalted and malted millet for sourdough preparation. Lactobacillus plantarum MLd27 and Pichia kudriavzevii MYd23 were selected, used individually and mixed starter cultures to produce sourdough. The specific volume (3.07 ± 0.06 cm3 g−1) of the bread made with unmalted flour and Pichia kudriavzevii MYd23 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to all the other samples. The protein, ash and fibre contents of the bread samples ranged from 10.1 to 11.4, 2.2 to 4.5 and 1.45 to 1.74 g/100 g, respectively. The sourdough bread samples were generally acceptable, while spontaneously fermented bread from malted flour showed the significantly highest (P < 0.05) overall acceptability of (7.90). The production of gluten‐free millet sourdough bread can aid in food security.
Prevalence, types and recognition of cognitive impairment in dialysis patients in South Eastern Sydney
Authors: Kwan Elaine , Draper Brian , Endre Zoltan H. , Harvey Samuel B. , Brown Mark A.
Published: July 2020

Background

In international studies, cognitive impairment is a common but underdetected issue in dialysis patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) shares risk factors with and is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. There is a lack of Australian data on cognitive impairment in this at‐risk population. This has implications on service planning because cognitive impairment in CKD is associated with higher mortality, morbidity and healthcare costs.

Aims

To examine the prevalence, types and clinician recognition of cognitive impairment within an Australian dialysis population.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in South Eastern Sydney screened for cognitive impairment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Participant interviews, medical records, physician and carer questionnaires, were used to determine the types of cognitive impairment and rate of recognition.

Results

One hundred and six participants were included (median age 66 years, median dialysis duration 2 years) and 58 (54.7%) were cognitively impaired on the MoCA, of whom old age psychiatrists sub‐classified 21 (36.2%) as having dementia, and 31 (53.4%) with ‘cognitive impairment, no dementia’; 36/58 (62.0%) of the cognitively impaired participants on the MoCA were suspected of having cognitive impairment by nephrologists but only 14/58 (24.1%) had this documented in medical records.

Conclusion

Although cognitive impairment is common in dialysis patients, there are low levels of detection by clinical teams. Cognitive screening of dialysis patients should be incorporated as part of wider assessment and determination of management goals such as individuals' capacity to self‐care and provide informed consent to treatments.
Oral amoxicillin challenge for low‐risk penicillin allergic patients
Authors: Livirya Silabhakta , Pithie Alan , Chua Ignatius , Hamilton Niall , Doogue Matthew , Isenman Heather
Published: July 2020

Background

Penicillin allergy is the most reported adverse drug reaction (ADR). Being labelled with ‘penicillin allergy’ is associated with suboptimal antibiotic therapy and poor patient outcomes. Most labelled with ‘penicillin allergy’ are at low risk of harm from penicillins and guidelines recommend testing for accurate diagnosis. Although skin testing is recommended to exclude immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated reactions, there is limited access in most settings.

Aims

To evaluate oral amoxicillin challenge without prior skin testing for patients labelled with ‘penicillin allergy’ assessed as low risk during hospital admission.

Methods

General Medical inpatients with a ‘penicillin allergy’ label were assessed. For those who had tolerated a penicillin since the index event, the ADR label was removed. Those assessed as ‘low risk’ were administered 250 mg amoxicillin orally without prior skin testing. The durability of de‐labelling was subsequently assessed by review of clinical records.

Results

Of 224 patients with a history of a penicillin ADR, 162 (72%) were low risk. A further 12 were excluded and of the remaining 150, 56 (37%) had tolerated penicillins since their index reaction and were de‐labelled without challenge, 15 (10%) with a non‐allergic history were de‐labelled. The remaining 79 were offered an oral amoxicillin challenge; 38 declined and 41 tolerated amoxicillin. Overall, 112 of the 224 (50%) patients had their ADR label removed.

Conclusions

A careful ADR history enables de‐labelling of many patients. An oral amoxicillin challenge without prior skin testing is safe and feasible for low‐risk penicillin allergic patients while in hospital.
Living naked: first case of lack of skin‐related structures in an elasmobranch, the blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus)
Authors: Mulas Antonello , Bellodi Andrea , Porcu Cristina , Cau Alessandro , Coluccia Elisabetta , Demurtas Riccardo , Marongiu Martina Francesca , Pesci Paola , Follesa Maria Cristina
Published: July 2020

As far as is known, in this paper the first case of lacking of skin‐related structures (epidermis, stratum laxum, dermal denticles and teeth) in a free‐swimming elasmobranch, the blackmouth catshark, Galeus melastomus, is reported. The individual was caught by trawl in Sardinian waters (central‐western Mediterranean) in July 2019 at a depth of 500 m. Although this kind of morphological abnormality is potentially fatal, the observations suggested that the specimen was in good health and well developed.
Enhanced flood mapping using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, hydraulic modelling, and social media: A case study of Hurricane Harvey (Houston, TX)
Authors: Scotti Vincenzo , Giannini Mario , Cioffi Francesco
Published: July 2020

Post event flooding maps are currently extracted from synthetic‐aperture radar (SAR) and/or optical satellite images or developing using hydraulic model simulations. Several sources of uncertainties impact the accuracy of such flood maps constructed from each method, especially in urban areas. An integrated approach that combines satellite imagines of flooded areas, hydraulic models, and markers from social media that should reduce these uncertainties and allow a more accurate reconstruction of flooded urban areas, is presented in this paper. The flooding associated with Hurricane Harvey in Houston, TX was chosen as a case study. Model validations demonstrate the effectiveness of our integrated approach in reconstructing an accurate flooding map, as well as the temporal and spatial patterns of flooding. Using the experience from this case study we discuss the possibility to use satellite data, instead of ground‐based rainfall gauge measurements as precipitation inputs to the hydraulic model; and possible error sources in simulating flooding in urban areas using the hydraulic model.
Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology practice recommendations for medical management and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia
Authors: Ran Zhihua , Wu Kaichun , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Jeen Yoon Tae , Wei Shu Chen , Ahuja Vineet , Chen Minhu , Hu Pin‐Jin , Andoh Akira , Kim Hyo Jong , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Watanabe Mamoru , Ng Siew Chien , Hibi Toshifumi , Hilmi Ida Normiha , Suzuki Yasuo , Han Dong Soo , Leung Wai Keung , Sollano Jose , Ooi Choon Jin , Qian Jiaming
Published: July 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased in incidence and prevalence in Asian countries since the end of the 20th century. Moreover, differences in the cause, phenotypes, and natural history of IBD between the East and West have been recognized. Therefore, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have established recommendations on medical management of IBD in Asia. Initially, the committee members drafted 40 recommendations, which were then assessed according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Eight statements were rejected as this indicated that consensus had not been reached. The recommendations encompass pretreatment evaluation; medical management of active IBD; medical management of IBD in remission; management of IBD during the periconception period and pregnancy; surveillance strategies for colitis‐associated cancer; monitoring side effects of thiopurines and methotrexate; and infections in IBD.
Agentive Identity Construction through Narrative Socialization in a Professional Community of Practice in China
Authors: Lan Liangping
Published: July 2020

This study brings together the field of language socialization and narrative analysis to investigate agentive identity construction in a professional community in China. It proposes a conceptual model of agentive identity construction and tracks a novice member’s identity trajectory. The study illustrates how her narratives moved from negative to positive over time, ultimately aligned with the habitual narrative practices of identity in the community. I argue, contrary to previous studies, the identity trajectory in this community is predictable across four stages. This study draws attention to narrative action in progress at multiple levels of positioning in the process of professional socialization.
Estimates of relative acceptability from paired preference tests
Authors: Luckett Curtis R. , Burns Sara L. , Jenkinson Lindsay
Published: July 2020

The relative acceptability of a food or beverage is an important data point in many different scenarios. In humans, a nine‐point category scale is typically used when the hedonic characteristics of several products are of interest. However, these scales are not consistently used by participants and therefore reliability is low. This article outlines the effectiveness of four techniques (mElo, Thurstonian modeling, Bradley–Terry, and Friedman) to calculate numerical values for products based upon their performance in a paired preference paradigm. In this study, acceptance data from four separate studies were compared to numeric scores constructed from a paired preference paradigm. In general, numeric ratings constructed from paired comparisons correlated very well with the mean overall liking ratings. The relationship between these acceptance ratings and numerical preference ratings did show to be somewhat dependent on the type of food product. This study serves as a guide to those looking to further quantify paired preference data.

Practical Applications

Paired preference tests are simple and easy to understand for those who struggle with test instructions and numerical scales. However, in a multisample paradigm, sensory scientists have overwhelmingly chosen to use rating scales for a variety of reasons. This study shows the effectiveness of alternative data analysis techniques to extract numerical values for relative acceptance based on paired preference tests. This information could be used in the implementation of paired preference tests to replace traditional affective testing in groups that do not perform well with scales (e.g., children) or as an alternate analysis method for paired preference tests.
Do Ethnic Networks Ameliorate Education–Occupation Mismatch?
Authors: Schuss Eric
Published: July 2020

The question to what extent ethnic networks affect occupational mismatch has so far been overlooked. This paper exploits supraregional variation in ethnic composition in Germany and shows that a one standard deviation increase in the share of the own ethnic group per zip code significantly reduces the years of overqualification for females, by 0.27 years. For males, neither the foreign share nor the ethnic share per residency area is found to significantly impact the extent of overqualification. Selection into residency groups and occupations and different endowments in language capital explain the more efficient benefit of ethnic networks accrued to females.
Conceptualizations of function‐focused care used by practitioners in Korean nursing homes
Authors: Chang Sung Ok , Lee Su Jung , Park Min Sun , Choi Young Lim , Kim Geun Myun
Published: July 2020

This qualitative study aims to explore practitioners' (nurses, physiotherapists, social workers, and occupational therapists) conceptualizations of function‐focused care for nursing home residents. Between September 2017 and February 2018, we collected data from 18 participants in five nursing homes using semi‐structured interviews. We then performed phenomenographic data and content analyses. Five categories were identified in the assessment domain: “functional limitation associated with physical condition,” “functional limitation associated with cognitive condition,” “change from baseline function,” “ability to cooperate with caregivers to improve function,” and “motivation to improve function.” Five categories were identified in the intervention domain: “minimizing damage,” “strengthening physical resources,” “repetitive musculoskeletal strengthening,” “stimulating motivation for self‐care,” and “planning enhancement of function through emotional stability.” Our findings may contribute to improving understanding of actual practice and provide an important starting point for developing knowledge about how function‐focused care is performed in nursing homes.
The Government Spending Multiplier at the Zero Lower Bound: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Di Serio Mario , Fragetta Matteo , Gasteiger Emanuel
Published: July 2020

We estimate state‐dependent government spending multipliers for the United States. We use a factor‐augmented interacted vector autoregression (FAIVAR) model. This allows us to capture the time‐varying monetary policy characteristics including the recent zero interest rate lower bound (ZLB) state, to account for the state of the business cycle and to address the limited information problem typically inherent in VARs. We identify government spending shocks by sign restrictions and use a government spending growth forecast series to account for the effects of anticipated fiscal policy. In our baseline specification, we find that government spending multipliers in a recession range from 3.56 to 3.79 at the ZLB. Away from the ZLB, multipliers in recessions range from 2.31 to 3.05. Several robustness analyses confirm that multipliers are higher, when the interest rate is lower and that multipliers in recessions exceed multipliers in expansions. Our results are consistent with theories that predict larger multipliers at the ZLB.