bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Effect of a Universal Cash Transfer on Birth Outcomes
Authors: Wyndham-Douds Kiara , Cowan Sarah K.
Published: August 2024

Babies in the United States fare worse than their peers in other high-income countries, and their well-being is starkly unequal along socioeconomic and racialized lines. Newborn health predicts adult well-being, making these inequalities consequential. Policymakers and scholars seeking to improve newborn health and reduce inequality have recently looked to direct cash transfers as a viable intervention. We examine the only unconditional cash transfer in the United States, the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend (PFD), to learn if giving pregnant people money improves their newborns’ health. Alaska has paid its residents a significant dividend annually since 1982. The dividend’s size varies yearly and is exogenous to Alaskans and the local economy, permitting us to make causal claims. After accounting for fertility selection, we find that receiving cash during pregnancy has no meaningful effect on newborn health. Current theory focuses on purchasing power and status mechanisms to delineate how money translates into health. It cannot illuminate this null finding. This case illustrates a weakness with current theory: it does not provide clear expectations for interventions. We propose four components that must be considered in tandem to predict whether proposed interventions will work.
Prevalence of treatment-resistant schizophrenia among people with early psychosis and its clinical and demographic correlates
Authors: Detanac Mirza , Williams Chelsey , Dragovic Milan , Shymko Gordon , John Alexander Panickacheril
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The prevalence of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) among people with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) has been sub-optimally researched in Australia and internationally. We evaluated the prevalence of TRS among a cohort of FES patients and compared their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics to those with FES who were treatment responsive.

Methods:

Over 2 years, we collated demographic, clinical and treatment-related data of all patients with ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth revision) diagnosis of schizophrenia who were active in October 2020 at four early psychosis intervention services (EPIS) in Western Australia. We used a modified version of Suzuki et al. criteria to diagnose TRS. The data were analysed utilising descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, Student’s t-test and the False-Discovery Rate method.

Results:

The prevalence of TRS among the 167 patients diagnosed with FES was 41.3%, and the rates did not differ significantly between the services ( p = 0.955). Those in the TRS group were less independent ( p = 0.011), had more prolonged unemployment ( p = 0.014) and were more likely to be on disability pension ( p = 0.011) compared to the treatment responsive group. Furthermore, they had greater severity of symptoms ( p = 0.002), longer duration of psychiatric symptoms ( p = 0.019), more hospitalisations ( p = 0.002) and longer cumulative admission durations ( p = 0.002).

Conclusions:

Our study revealed that treatment resistance to antipsychotics is prevalent among people with FES managed at EPIS. Notably, it establishes an association between TRS and heightened clinical severity and psychosocial and treatment burden. These findings highlight the imperative for early detection of treatment resistance and timely and specialised interventions for this condition in mental health services.
Resolving bargaining problems in civil conflicts: Goals, institutions and negotiations
Authors: Joo Minnie M
Published: August 2024

Moderate (or ‘limited’) rebel goals and inclusive political institutions have been suggested to increase the chances of rebel–government negotiations. This article attempts to shed light on the politics of rebel–government negotiations by presenting new, systematic data on the scope of rebel goals and demonstrating both theoretically and empirically that it is the interaction of moderate rebel goals and inclusive political institutions – rather than each variable in isolation – that helps disputants overcome bargaining problems and engage in negotiations. Particularly, the article contends that while moderate rebel goals allow the disputants to recognize that negotiations may be mutually beneficial, the presence of a dual commitment problem – where rebel groups and governments are both concerned about the opponent’s commitment to negotiated settlements – hinders them from negotiating. In such cases, the institutional features of polyarchy, defined by Dahl as competitive and inclusive elections accompanied by civil liberties, alleviate this dual commitment problem and induce moderate rebels and the government to follow through with their incentives to negotiate. Statistical results from newly collected data on rebel group goals and rebel–government negotiations support this claim: rebel–government negotiations are significantly more likely to occur when rebel groups espouse moderate goals and the level of polyarchy in a country is sufficiently high. Results indicate that the influence of rebel goals and institutions on negotiations is better understood in conjunction.
This is the End: The Role of Death in the Narrative Structure of Popular Movies
Authors: van Krieken Kobie , Das Enny
Published: August 2024

A set of sixty popular movies is analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively on the role of death in the narrative structure and the portrayal of death. Results of the quantitative analysis show that death events tend to be story-terminating, which implies that death is typically depicted as meaningful in relation to the past. The qualitative thematic analysis reveals that death is also depicted as meaningful in that it can lead to growth, unification and salvation. Furthermore, most movies include explicit death portrayals, thereby inviting viewers to closely approach death and to simulate both their own mortality and the mortality of their loved ones. Finally, it was found that most movie deaths involve violent attacks, indicating that movies tend to paint an unrealistic view of how people die. These findings advance our knowledge of how movies might help people to understand the meaning of death and to cope with existential fears.
Role models in police leadership – When the symbolic becomes reality - Reinforcement or ways forward?
Authors: Filstad Cathrine
Published: August 2024

This article investigates police leaders as role models. The importance of observing several role models in partial use is demonstrated. It also shows how established role models might result in reinforcement of the police leadership culture, exemplified through first-line managers that are legitimized by being ‘good coppers’. Those that inspire others when rocking the boat are limited. Instead, role modelling is about holding on to their positive experience as first-line managers and continuing to fight for their ‘profession’ in silos. The lack of role models for upwards and sideways leadership represents a challenge for the future development of police leadership.
Loop and Enjoy: A Scoping Review of the Research on the Effects of Processing Fluency on Aesthetic Reactions to Auditory Stimuli
Authors: Popescu Alexandru , Holman Andrei Corneliu
Published: August 2024

Processing fluency has been shown to affect how people aesthetically evaluate stimuli. While this effect is well documented for visual stimuli, the evidence accumulated for auditory stimuli has not yet been integrated. Our aim was to examine the relevant research on how processing fluency affects the aesthetic appreciation of auditory stimuli and to identify the extant knowledge gaps in this body of evidence. This scoping review of 19 studies reported across 13 articles found that, similarly to visual stimuli, fluency has a positive effect on liking of auditory stimuli. Additionally, we identified certain elements that impede the generalizability of the current research on the relationship between fluency and aesthetic reactions to auditory stimuli, such as a lack of consistency in the number of repeated exposures, the tendency to omit the affective component and the failure to account for personal variables such as musical abilities developed through musical training or the participants' personality or preferences. These results offer a starting point in developing novel and proper processing fluency manipulations of auditory stimuli and suggest several avenues for future research aiming to clarify the impact and importance of processing fluency and disfluency in this domain.
Investigating the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship Between Authenticity and Alexithymia in University Students
Authors: Özdemir Hatice Deniz , Sağlam Manolya
Published: August 2024

The aim of our study is to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between authenticity and alexithymia by examining the relationships between authenticity, alexithymia and self-compassion. The data collected via email by using three scales from the students of a foundation university in Istanbul/Turkey in the spring semester of 2022–2023. The data collection method was a descriptive cross-sectional study and the data were collected on a voluntary basis. Since it was thought that there would be a difference between the departments, data were collected from three different departments. The sample included 263 participants, 139 were English Language Teaching, 107 were Guidance and Psychological Counseling, and 17 were Elementary Mathematics Teaching students. The average age of the participants was 22.11 ± 3.59, 257 of them were single and 6 of them were married. The data were evaluated by using the SPSS 22.0 and LISREL 8.80 programs. While descriptive analyses were used in the evaluation, the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between authenticity and alexithymia was tested with Structural Equation Modeling. When the measurement model was examined, it was seen that there was a relationship between authenticity and alexithymia (r = −.40; p < .000), between self-compassion and alexithymia (r = − .85; p < .001) and between self-compassion and authenticity (r = .43; p < .001). When the structural equation model was examined, it was found that the relationship between authenticity and alexithymia in the measurement model (r = −.40) decreased to (β = − .05; p > .005) when the mediating role of self-compassion was examined and the relationship was found to be insignificant. When this path was removed from the model and the model was re-examined, the goodness of fit values of the model were χ2/df (71.12/51) ratio = 1.174; RMSEA = .039; SRMR = .050; CFI= .99; NFI = .96; NNFI = .98; IFI = .99; RFI = .95 and GFI = .96. In the study, it was found that self-compassion has a full mediating role in the relationship between authenticity and alexithymia in three departments. The relationship between authenticity and alexithymia goes through self-compassion.
Bilateral Horizontal Canal Dysplasia Presenting as Hearing Loss With Recurrent Vertigo Mimicking Meniere’s Disease
Authors: Baek Wonyong , Lee Young Jae , Nam Gi-Sung
Published: August 2024

We report an extremely rare case with bilateral horizontal semicircular canal (HSC) dysplasia presenting as hearing loss with recurrent vertigo mimicking Meniere’s disease in a previously healthy 49-year-old male patient. HSC malformation is one of the common isolated developmental anomalies of the bony labyrinth usually associated with varying degree of hearing loss. He suffered from recurrent episodes of vertigo lasting more than 20 minutes accompanied by left hearing loss and tinnitus for 3 years. Pure-tone audiometry revealed a mild to moderate hearing loss at low frequencies in the left ear. Bithermal caloric testing revealed significant left-sided canal paralysis, but other vestibular testing was normal. Computerized tomography (CT) of the temporal bone showed the left HSC hypoplasia lacking a central bony island fused together with an enlarged vestibule, and right dysplasia, finally diagnosed with bilateral HSC dysplasia. Meniere’s disease-like recurrent vertigo attack and hearing loss were suspected to be caused by subsequent endolymphatic hydrops which could be due to HSC dysplasia.
Knowing within multispecies families: An information experience study
Authors: Solhjoo Niloofar
Published: August 2024

The transition of a companion animal and a human companion into a shared family context is an everyday yet complex process that involves information interactions. Concerned with the cognitive information that resides within humans’ and animals’ minds, this article aims to explore the knowings (having knowledge or awareness about something) of all multispecies family members. Building upon an information experience approach, the research process consisted of experiential material gathering with multispecies ethnography, followed by phenomenological reflections and writing. Findings are organised into three main sections: animal knowing, human knowing and their engaged knowing. The cognitive information presented in this study is sometimes unconventional, yet innovative within the field of Information Science. the article contributes to the cognitive view of information by showing how diverse information from both humans and animals interweaves to shape a harmonious understanding in everyday life and provides implications for information research, practice and design.
Symptom Descriptors in Individuals Living With Undiagnosed Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Brown Rebecca J. L. , Treat-Jacobson Diane , Schorr Erica , Lindquist Ruth , Pruinelli Lisiane , Wolfson Julian
Published: August 2024

Objective:

Most individuals with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) experience symptoms other than claudication and live with undiagnosed PAD yet no tools exist to detect atypical PAD symptoms. The purpose of this study was to identify discriminating PAD symptom descriptors from a community-based sample of patients with no current diagnosis of PAD.

Methods:

Symptoms descriptors were obtained in a sample of 22 participants with persistent lower extremity symptoms pre/post exercise. An ankle brachial index with exercise was used to classify participants as “PAD” or “No PAD.”

Results:

Thirteen (59%) participants had a positive ankle brachial index (<0.9, ≥20% drop postexercise, or 30 mmHg drop postexercise). Symptoms do not disappear while walking, trouble keeping up with friends/family, positive response to pain or discomfort while sitting, and pain outside of the calves and thighs were associated with a positive ankle brachial index.

Conclusion:

Atypical symptoms were common among study participants. Symptoms while sitting and symptoms outside of the calf and thigh were negatively associated with a positive ankle brachial index. More precise descriptions of symptom characteristics are needed to improve PAD symptom recognition.
Food Insecurity Status and Health Care Utilization Among COPD Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mendoza Kristine , Calero Patricia , Etland Caroline , Connelly Cynthia D.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Government programs—targeting chronic disease patients with high health care costs—focus on clinical conditions, factors internal to the health care system, and individual patient education, not on addressing modifiable social determinants of health to reduce health care utilization.

Objective:

To evaluate differences in sociodemographic variables and health care utilization between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who reported food insecurity and those who did not.

Methods:

This descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study used data from the electronic health records of a convenience sample of 854 participants with a discharge diagnosis of COPD or COPD with acute exacerbation, admitted via the emergency department of participating hospitals in Southern California. Chi-square (or Fisher’s exact) tests and t tests were used to evaluate group differences, and multivariate (or Firth) logistic regression to identify factors that increased the odds of emergency department visits and hospitalizations.

Results:

Significant differences between groups were identified for food insecurity (sometimes or often vs never insecure) and age ( P < .001), race ( P = .022), medical insurance ( P < .001), zip code ( P = .022), homeless status ( P < .001), smoking status ( P < .001), and emergency department visits ( P = .033). No significant differences were found for food insecurity and hospitalizations ( P = .592).

Conclusion:

This study contributes to the growing body of research supporting the association of upstream social factors (food insecurity, homelessness, zip code) and downstream health outcomes (repeated emergency room visits), and how existing programs can be effectively utilized to impact downstream health outcomes such as health care utilization.
Acquired antithrombin deficiency in adult patients with postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Cakmak Arif Yasin , Erdoğan Sevinç Bayer , Sargın Murat , Er Halit , Usca Mehmet Kağan , Hasbal Berat , Yapıcı Nihan , Aka Serap Aykut
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between acquired antithrombin deficiency in patients undergoing postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (PC-ECMO) and thromboembolic or haemorrhagic events such as bleeding, peripheral arterial thromboembolism, and ischemic cerebrovascular events.

Methods

The study was designed as a single-center, prospective study and conducted at our hospital between November 2019 and June 2021. 50 patients who underwent ECMO due to postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock were included in the study. Antithrombin (AT) activity testing was performed immediately after ECMO placement and continued for 5 days. The total of haemorrhagic or thromboembolic events was defined as morbidity. The entire patient population was assessed daily for AT measurements according to morbidity status, and ROC analysis was applied to determine the cut-off point. The correlation between clinical outcomes and morbidities with antithrombin levels was analysed.

Results

In our study, we identified a cut-off for AT levels on the first postoperative day. The risk of both bleeding ( p = .006) and thromboembolism ( p = .012) was significantly higher in patients below the 48.9% cut-off value. AT levels were compared with data on separation from PC-ECMO. The rate of separation from ECMO was 7.969 times higher in cases with AT levels above 51.8 on the third postoperative day and 5.6 times higher in cases with AT levels above 47.5 on the fourth postoperative day.

Conclusion

Acquired antithrombin deficiency may develop in adults undergoing PC-ECMO. In our study, we demonstrated that in patients with low antithrombin levels, the risk of bleeding and thromboembolism increased. Additionally, since AT levels were higher in survivors, this can be considered an indicator of severity. This study is the first prospective study related to determining target antithrombin levels in adult patients undergoing PC-ECMO.
The value of amide proton transfer imaging combined with serum CA125 levels in predicting lymph vascular invasion in cervical cancer before surgery
Authors: Xu Chen , Zhang Xiao-yan , Wu Xing-chen , Ming Lei , Qu Qian-qian , Deng Kai
Published: August 2024

Background

Preoperative prediction of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is crucial for improving the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer.

Purpose

To evaluate the value of preoperative amide proton transfer (APT) imaging combined with serum CA125 levels for predicting LVSI in cervical cancer.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study included 80 patients with cervical cancer who underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, including APT imaging. Serum CA125 levels were measured using a fully automated immunoassay analyzer and chemiluminescence method. The presence of LVSI was determined based on the pathological results after surgery.

Results

Among the 40 patients who met the requirements, 29 had postoperative pathological confirmation of LVSI, while 11 did not. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of preoperative APT and CA125 levels predicting LVSI were 0.889 and 0.687, respectively. When the APT value was 2.9%, the corresponding Youden index was the highest (0.702), with a sensitivity of 79.3% and specificity of 90.9%. When the critical value of the preoperative serum CA15 level was 25.3 u/mL, the corresponding Youden index was the highest (0.508), with a sensitivity of 69.0% and a specificity of 81.8%. The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative APT imaging combined with serum CA125 in predicting LVSI were 82.7% and 100%, respectively, with a Youden's index of 0.828 and an AUC of 0.923.

Conclusion

The combination of preoperative APT imaging and serum CA125 levels is valuable for predicting LVSI in cervical cancer. Diagnostic efficacy is highest when the APT value is >2.9% and the serum CA125 level is >25.3 u/mL.
Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma: report of four cases and literature review
Authors: Ding Xin , Zhang Meng , Zhan Qianru , Zhang Heyang , Zhang Rui , Yan Xiaojing , Zhang Lijun , Wang Xiaoxue
Published: August 2024

Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), also known as type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, is a rare malignant lymphoma of the extranodal lymphoid tissue derived from interepithelial T lymphocytes. MEITL is a primary intestinal T-cell lymphoma with a challenging diagnosis and aggressive progression, and it can invade other extraintestinal sites. In this study, we report four patients diagnosed with MEITL. All patients presented with abdominal pain, and one patient was admitted because of acute intestinal perforation. Two patients presented with unformed defecation and diarrhea. All patients carried the immunophenotypes CD3, CD7, CD8, CD20, and CD56, and the Ki-67 index ranged 60% to 90%. Three cases were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. One case displayed possibly relevant alterations of CREBBP, NOTCH2, SETD2, and STAT5B, and another case exhibited definite alteration of NOTCH1, possibly relevant alterations of CCND1 and DNMT3A, and potentially relevant alterations of HISTH3B, IGLL5, KMT2C, and KRAS. Different chemotherapy regimens were used, but the prognosis was poor. Hence, we illustrated that because of its low incidence, challenging diagnosis, and difficult treatment, further therapeutic improvements are urgently warranted.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of Neck Disability Index and Numeric Pain Rating Scale in patients with migraine and tension-type headache
Authors: Al-Khazali Haidar M. , Al-Sayegh Zainab , Younis Samaira , Christensen Rune H. , Ashina Messoud , Schytz Henrik W. , Ashina Sait
Published: August 2024

Background

The present study aimed to assess the burden of neck pain in adults with migraine and tension-type headache (TTH), utilizing the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Embase to identify observational studies assessing NDI and NPRS in populations with migraine or TTH. The screening of articles was independently performed by two investigators (HMA and ZA). Pooled mean estimates were calculated through random-effects meta-analysis. The I2 statistic assessed between-study heterogeneity, and meta-regression further explored heterogeneity factors.

Results

Thirty-three clinic-based studies met the inclusion criteria. For participants with migraine, the pooled mean NDI score was 16.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.2–19.2, I2 = 99%). Additionally, the mean NDI was 5.5 (95% CI = 4.11–6.8, p < 0.001) scores higher in participants with chronic compared to episodic migraine. The pooled mean NDI score for participants with TTH was 13.7 (95% CI = 4.9–22.4, I2 = 99%). In addition, the meta-analysis revealed a mean NPRS score of 5.7 (95% CI = 5.1–6.2, I2 = 95%) across all participants with migraine.

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta-analysis shows a greater degree of neck pain-related disability in migraine compared to TTH. Nevertheless, the generalizability of these findings is constrained by methodological variations identified in the current literature.
The Development and Execution of An Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellowship Surgical Skills Assessment
Authors: Thacher Ryan R. , White Alexander E. , Camp Christopher L. , Matava Matthew J. , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Ranawat Anil S.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Assessment of orthopaedic surgery trainees is traditionally based on subjective evaluation by faculty. The recent push for value-based health care has placed a premium on improving patient outcomes. As a result, surgical training evaluations for orthopaedic trainees are evolving to include more objective measures to evaluate competency.

Purpose:

To develop and subsequently demonstrate the efficacy of a novel surgical skills assessment for orthopaedic sports medicine fellows.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A team of 14 fellowship-trained orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons developed objective scoring rubrics for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and rotator cuff repair (RCR) using a modified Delphi process. Rubrics were designed based on 10 surgical steps with a grading scale (1-5) based on core competencies with a maximum summative score of 50. Fourteen orthopaedic fellows across a regionally diverse group of sports medicine–accredited fellowship programs were invited to complete both an ACLR and RCR in a surgical skills laboratory at the beginning and end of their fellowship year. Individual surgical steps, overall performance, and total procedure time were evaluated by a single sports medicine surgeon for both sessions.

Results:

Thirteen of 14 fellows completed both pre- and post-fellowship assessments. For the ACLR procedure, the pre-fellowship mean summative score was 25.4 (SD, 4.4) and the post-fellowship mean summative score was 38.6 (SD, 4.1), which was a statistically significant improvement ( P < .001). For the RCR procedure, the pre-fellowship mean summative score was 26.6 (SD, 5.4) and the post-fellowship mean summative score was 38.8 (SD, 4.3), which was also a statistically significant improvement ( P < .001). The mean time to completion for the ACLR procedure was 82.3 minutes (SD, 4.3 minutes) pre-fellowship, which improved to 69.7 minutes (SD, 11.6 minutes) post-fellowship ( P = .002). The mean time to completion for the RCR procedure was 85.5 minutes (SD, 5.0 minutes) pre-fellowship, which improved to 76.4 minutes (SD, 7.0 minutes) post-fellowship ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

This surgical skills program represents the first standardized and reproducible instrument for the evaluation of 2 arthroscopic sports medicine procedures in the United States. Orthopaedic sports medicine fellows improved significantly in aggregate over their fellowship year with regard to the ACLR and RCR. The described program has the potential to serve as both a training tool and formal orthopaedic sports medicine fellow assessment.
Business Cycle Expansions in the Post-World War II United States Economy
Authors: Bakir Erdogan , Campbell Al
Published: August 2024

A central question about business cycles has always been “Why do they go up and why do they go down?” This article uses a Marxian profit rate analysis to explore the first part of this question, the dynamics of business cycle expansions, using the relatively detailed data available on the post-World War II US economy. Each cyclical expansion is divided into two phases, early expansion and late expansion, determined by the behavior of the profit rate. Early expansion is characterized by a strong recovery in the profit rate, whereas late expansion witnesses the decline of the profit rate after it reaches its peak at the end of the early expansion. We show that the Marxian profit rate is a particularly useful analytical tool to empirically study the dynamics of recoveries and capital accumulation, as well as the fragilities that the same recovery process breeds.

JEL Classifications: B51, E32
Low-combustible, high-strength, and thermally stable bio-blended epoxy-based bio-nanocomposite using reduced graphene oxide as a strengthening agent
Authors: Dubey Umang , K Panneerselvam
Published: August 2024

Firms choose to maximize the use of natural resources when producing new generations of polymer composites. The incorporation of carbon-based nanoparticles into the polymer matrix resulted in substantial enhancements in strength qualities. In this work, a set of bio-nanocomposites was fabricated using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at several weight %s (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 wt.%) in a bio-blended epoxy thermoset matrix generated from adding cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as an additive in a commercial grade bisphenol-A-based unmodified liquid epoxy resin. Thermal and mechanical properties, morphology analysis, XRD analysis, flammability, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) were used for characterization. The mechanical properties of the bio-nanocomposite containing 0.75 wt.% of rGO were investigated, resulting in the observation of enhanced flexural strength by 43.97%, compression strength by 58.08%, tensile strength by 39.84%, impact energy by 47.05%, and shore-D hardness by 21.26% compared to neat epoxy. The thermal stability of a bio-nanocomposite containing 0.75 wt.% of rGO is not compromised while demonstrating a 44.71 % residual mass at 550°C compared to neat epoxy. The cured bio-blended epoxy has a 23.38% lower combustion rate than epoxy resin and shows slow burning rate.
Introduction to Special Issue: How Research Reform in Psychology Can Influence Professional School Psychology
Authors: Shaw Steven R. , Kang Yeon Hee
Published: August 2024

This special issue features essays by prominent scholars in school psychology discussing how shifts in research can reshape the future training and practice of the field. A profession that evolves and adapts indicates a robust and dynamic discipline. However, staying current with these changes poses a significant challenge. Given the pivotal role of evidence-based practices in school psychology, the type and quality of research directly influence how psychological services are delivered and practiced. Reforming research practices in psychology can serve as a catalyst for enhancing our field. This issue presents a variety of viewpoints on how research and clinical practice intersect in a rapidly changing landscape.
Design of bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement with high porosity via the addition of bioresorbable polymers
Authors: Kamitakahara Masanobu , Kato Kakeru , Umetsu Masaki , Yoshihara Kumiko , Yoshida Yasuhiro
Published: August 2024

Novel calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) that can be resorbed into the human body need to be developed. One approach for improving bioresorbability is reducing the content of calcium phosphate in CPCs; however, this may induces difficulties in setting the cement and increases the risk of decay. Adding bioresorbable polymers to a liquid solution can shorten the setting time and inhibit decay during setting. A novel bioresorbable polymer, phosphorylated pullulan (PPL), was recently reported. The effect of adding PPL to α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP)-based CPCs was examined and compared to that of adding bioresorbable polymers such as collagen, chitosan, and alginate. Collagen did not significantly inhibit the conversion of α-TCP to hydroxyapatite (HA), and its combination with calcium phosphate decreased the setting time and suppressed decay; chitosan decreased the setting time when combined with calcium phosphate; and alginate inhibited the conversion of α-TCP to HA and contributed to suppressing the decay. In contrast, PPL slightly inhibited the conversion of α-TCP to HA; however, its combination with calcium phosphate decreased the setting time. Thus, selecting bioresorbable polymers can help effectively control the properties of CPCs.
TikTok Brain: An Investigation of Short-Form Video Use, Self-Control, and Phubbing
Authors: David Meredith E. , Roberts James A.
Published: August 2024

Phubbing (phone snubbing) has become the norm in (im)polite society. A vast majority of US adults report using their phones during a recent social interaction. Using one’s phone in the presence of others has been shown to have a negative impact on relationships among co-workers, friends, family, and romantic partners. Recent research suggests viewing short-form videos (SFVs) (e.g., TikTok) is more addictive/immersive than traditional social media (e.g., Facebook) leading to a greater likelihood of phubbing others. Across two studies, the present research investigates the relationship between SFV viewing and phubbing and the possible mediating effect of self-control. We also test whether TikTok has a stronger relationship with phubbing than Instagram Reels and YouTube Shorts, two popular SFV purveyors. Study 1 (282 college students) finds that viewing TikTok videos is positively associated with phubbing others and this relationship is mediated by self-control. Interestingly, Study 1 also finds that this relationship does not hold for Instagram Reels and YouTube shorts. Using two different measures of self-control, Study 2 (198 adults) provides additional support for the mediating effect of self-control on the SFV viewing—phubbing relationship. Again, the model is only supported for TikTok SFV viewing, not Instagram or YouTube. In sum, the viewing of carefully curated short TikTok videos, often 30–60 seconds in length, undermines self-control which is associated with increased phubbing behavior. Implications of the present study’s findings expand far beyond phubbing. Self-control plays a central role in nearly all human decision making and behavior. Suggestions for future research are offered.
Rezoning Educational Opportunities: The Relationship Between School Attendance Zone Boundary Changes and Access to Schools of Varying Quality
Authors: Asson Sarah
Published: August 2024

U.S. public schools provide substantially different educational opportunities to students—even within school districts, where attendance zone boundaries (AZBs) shape most children’s access to schools. The (re)drawing of AZBs is therefore a highly consequential policy decision. In this paper, I study how AZB changes in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area affect children of different races between 2000 and 2020, including how they alter children’s travel times to school and access to school-level educational opportunities. Findings are starkly unequal, with rezoning disproportionately negatively affecting Black and Hispanic children. Results highlight the need for educational leaders to explicitly consider how AZB changes will redistribute opportunity within their districts.
The impact of policy and technology infrastructure on telehealth utilization
Authors: Sun Ying-Chih , Cosgun Ozlem , Sharman Raj
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in an unprecedented surge in telehealth utilization. However, the effects of policy enactment on utilization remain understudied in the literature. Our research examines the impact of policy mandates relating to federal incentive programs on telehealth utilization across states during the pandemic by considering technology infrastructure, such as broadband penetration and equipment possession. This study also considers the impact of political orientation and control factors, including income attributes, on telehealth utilization. Considering telehealth utilization in the Medicare program as a test case, this study employed the partial least square and structural equation model to analyze data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the American Community Survey, and the Microsoft Airband Project to draw inferences. Our study finds that telehealth legislation, broadband penetration, political orientation, and control factors have a direct significant impact on telehealth utilization, whereas incentive programs and equipment possession have an indirect impact through broadband penetration.
Analytical investigation on load sharing characteristics and speed difference of coaxial reverse closed differential herringbone gear transmission system with floating gear and errors
Authors: Han Hao , Dong Hao , Bi Yue , Zhang Zong-yang , Ren Bing-xing
Published: August 2024

To investigate the influence of gear floating on the load sharing characteristics of the Coaxial Reverse Closed Differential Herringbone Gear Transmission System (CRCDHGTS) and the rotational speed difference between the upper and lower rotors, a dynamic Bending-Torsional-Axial-Pendular (BTAP) model of the CRCDHGTS was established using the centralized parameter method, which considers various excitation factors such as gear floating, errors, Time Varying Meshing Stiffness (TVMS), gyroscopic effect, and tooth friction. It considers the interaction between the closed-stage gear set and the differential-stage gear set, treating the herringbone gear as a symmetric helical gear connected through a receding slot. The dynamic model was solved using the Runge-Kutta method to obtain the dynamic meshing forces for each gear pair under single and combined floating modes. The Dynamic Load Sharing Coefficient (DLSC) of the system, which characterizes the Load Sharing Performance (LSP), was deduced. The load sharing characteristics of different floating modes were analyzed, as well as the influence of different floating displacement on the DLSC. The motion path of the gear floating was also determined. Additionally, the impact of manufacturing error and assembly error of each component on the DLSC under combined floating mode was analyzed. Finally, the influence of gear floating on the output rotation speeds of the upper and lower rotors of the system was investigated. The results indicate that both free-floating of the center gear and combined floating can effectively improve the LSP of the system. When the system adopts combined floating mode, the DLSC of inner and outer meshing changes between 0.91 and 1.09, demonstrating a significant improvement in the LSP. The DLSC of the system increases with the increase in error, with the eccentricity error having a greater impact on the DLSC compared to the assembly error. The optimal floating value for the sun gear is between 0.6 mm and 0.8 mm, while for the planetary gear, it is between 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm. The rotational speed difference between the upper and lower rotors can be controlled within 1r/min. These research findings provide a theoretical basis for further analysis of the dynamic stability and reliability of the system.
Love as a key emotion for the far right? Environmentalism, affective politics and the Anastasia ecological settler movement in Germany
Authors: Beyer Manuela , Weisskircher Manès
Published: August 2024

Research usually links the rise of the far right to a variety of negative emotions, especially fear and anger. This article analyses the case of the far-right ecological settler movement community Anastasia which, in the context of environmental activism, discursively centres on the positive emotion of love. Our key theoretical contribution is to highlight the importance of love for far-right mobilization while disentangling different functions of love discourse. We add an original perspective to debates on the role of emotions, far-right mobilization and environmentalism by highlighting the relevance of (a) the explicit rejection of negative emotions, (b) the creation of ‘spaces of love’ in rural areas and (c) love as a discursive tool of legitimization. Methodologically, we rely on an analysis of primary text sources such as novels and Anastasia publications as well as on semi-structured interviews. Our findings are important for understanding the growing phenomenon of ‘authoritarian sustainability’. Moreover, they also shed new light on the emotional underpinnings of the contemporary wave of far-right mobilization in party and protest politics more generally.
Octanol alleviates chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve-induced peripheral neuropathy by regulating AKT/mTOR signaling
Authors: Deng Biquan , Zou Hui , Hu Keli , Liu Yunlu , Han Achao
Published: August 2024

Objective

Activation of gap junction channels can induce neuropathic pain. Octanol can limit the conductance of gap junctions containing connexin 43 proteins. Thus, this study focused on the roles of octanol in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice and its mechanisms of action.

Methods

Male mice were assigned into control, sham, CCI, CCI + Octanol-20 mg/kg, CCI + Octanol-40 mg/kg and CCI + Octanol-80 mg/kg groups. CCI was performed by applying three loose ligations to mouse sciatic nerve, and the mice with CCI was administered with 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, or 80 mg/kg octanol. The neuropathic pain development was examined by assessing thermal withdrawal latency, paw withdrawal mechanical threshold, and sciatic functional index. Histopathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was examined by western blotting. The expression of Akt and mTOR was also evaluated by immunofluorescence staining.

Results

Octanol alleviated the CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and sciatic functional loss. Additionally, octanol relieved the CCI-induced abnormal histopathological changes. Mechanistically, octanol inactivated the Akt/mTOR pathway in the mice with CCI.

Conclusion

In conclusion, octanol can alleviate CCI-induced peripheral neuropathic by regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway and might be a novel pharmacological intervention for neuropathic pain.
Calvin Coolidge: Grief-Stricken Father and President at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue 1924
Authors: Ivan Smith Harold
Published: August 2024

On July 7, 1924, Calvin Coolidge Jr., son of Calvin Coolidge, the 30th U.S. president, died from blood poisoning. This paper explores how that death impaired the presidency of Coolidge. Self-blame, questions about God and theodicy, and severe depression significantly impaired his ability to perform presidential responsibilities. Worden's work on “historical antecedents” underpins this paper. To comprehend Coolidge's grief for Calvin, Worden asserted, one must explore his antecedent losses. (Coolidge's beloved mother died when he was 12; his only sister died when he was 17.) Coolidge poorly navigated four major deaths: mother, sister, son, and assumptive world. Coolidge's grief narrative offers insights for clinicians.
Taking Charge of Early Childhood Transitions: Preventing Challenging Behaviors Through Engaging Routines
Authors: Obee Averill F. , Hart Katie C. , Maharaj Andre V. , Graziano Paulo A.
Published: August 2024

During a school day, children make several transitions between activities, which can take away from instructional time and result in challenging behaviors. This study investigates the impact positive engagement and behavioral supports have on children’s behavior while transitioning. Participants ( N = 40; 77.5% Male; 92.5% Hispanic) were enrolled in the Summer Treatment Program for Pre-Kindergarteners, a school readiness program for children with externalizing behavior problems. Using a between-group, cross-over design, classrooms were randomly assigned to three conditions: (a) silent monitoring (i.e., children and counselors transitioned silently or quietly), (b) positive monitoring (i.e., counselors provided praise and children were allowed to talk), and (c) positive monitoring and engagement (i.e., counselors provided entertainment and praise). Results demonstrated significant differences in rule violations based on the transition condition, where groups receiving positive monitoring or engagement displayed fewer violations than those receiving silent monitoring. Implications for educator practices and school policies are discussed.
Exploring the Effects of Machine Learning Algorithms of Varying Transparency on Performance Outcomes
Authors: Harris Krista N. , Capiola August , Alarcon Gene M. , Johnson Dexter , Jessup Sarah , Willis Sasha , Bennette Walter
Published: August 2024

Machine learning algorithms are becoming increasingly used in a variety of settings but are often black box in nature. Recent work has emphasized the need for algorithms to be more interpretable to end users, and calibrated classification models (CCMs) are one such type of model. CCMs provide more accurate confidence intervals to the end user, however little research has investigated how CCM confidence estimates and actual classification accuracy impact user performance. Therefore, the current study explored how expectations for machine learning algorithms and their actual behaviors influenced task performance and decision time. Results demonstrated that algorithms with high confidence and low classification accuracy led to the lowest performance and highest decision time in an image classification task. Limitations of the current study are discussed along with future research opportunities.
Advances and Challenges in Vehicle Electrification
Authors: Gershon Pnina , Rempel David , Mason Justin , Macht Gretchen A. , Arbelaez Raul , Boyle Linda
Published: August 2024

In the US, light- to heavy-duty vehicles account for the largest portion of total greenhouse gas emissions. A rapid transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is critical in achieving the Net Zero goal of cutting carbon emissions. Approximately 11% of new car sales are EVs but adoption of this technology is still slow. The panel will present some of the EV adoption challenges, including charging infrastructure, charging behavior, changes in driving behavior and risk outcomes, crashworthiness, and other unintended consequences. Different research methods are used to address these challenges. The benefits of the approaches and findings for EV infrastructure stakeholders, regulators and policymakers, and researchers will be discussed. Lastly, the panel will review existing research gaps and emerging topics that still need to be addressed in order to increase EVs adoption while also supporting EVs’ safe operation.
The Status of Human Factors Research in Cancer Care: A Look at the Landscape
Authors: Patel Sabina M. , Fausett Crystal , Papautsky Elizabeth Lerner , Keebler Joseph R. , Lazzara Elizabeth H.
Published: August 2024

This paper underscores the need for increased human factors research in cancer care and the involvement of human factors professionals in this field. While human factors principles have been widely applied in aviation, driving, and some aspects of healthcare to enhance safety and usability, they remain underutilized in cancer care. The authors employed HTML parsing to extract titles and abstracts from five journals and two conference proceedings, identifying cancer-related articles through predefined keywords from 1958 to 2022. Among the total of 25,033 articles reviewed from these sources, only 28 pertained to cancer, with colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer being the most frequently discussed. Notably, 67% of the articles were found in the Human Factors National Conference Proceedings. The paper advocates for the hiring of human factors professionals in oncology departments within hospitals and emphasizes the need for special issues and funding to advance this vital research area.