bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dental Anxiety on Oral Health among the First-Time Dental Visitors
Authors: Saheer Abdul , Majid Shanila Abdul , Raajendran Janavi , Chithra P. , Chandran Thara , Mathew Renu Ann
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The objective was to assess dental anxiety and to find its association with oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 20–40-year-old patients visiting Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital.

Materials and Methods:

A single-center, hospital-based cross-sectional study was done among first-time dental visitors in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital over a period of 8 months (July 14–February 18). The sample size was determined to be 700. Participants in the age group of 20–40 years were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using Corah's Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and clinical examination was done using the WHO oral health assessment form and OHI-S. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and t-test. The associations found through bivariate analysis were entered as predictor variables into linear and binomial logistic regression models with high dental anxiety as the outcome variable.

Results:

The results of the study suggested that 56% of the study participants were having dental anxiety. Local anesthetic injection (80%) and fear of tooth drilling (60%) were the most anxiety-provoking stimulus. Analysis of OHIP-14 suggested that respondents perceiving oral health as affecting their life quality (very often/fairly often) in the past year were observed for items such as tension, difficulty to relax, irritability, difficulty in doing usual jobs, and totally unable to function because of oral problems. Dental anxiety was significantly associated with gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32), education (OR = 1.43), occupation (OR = 2.07), poor oral hygiene status (OR = 3.15), presence of dental caries (OR = 2.67), bleeding on probing (OR = 1.57), presence of periodontal pockets (OR = 2.64), clinical attachment loss (OR = 1.63), and OHRQoL (OR = 1.76). Stepwise linear regression model of independent variables (<0.05 variables included) explained dental caries as highest predictor (39%), followed by debris (22%), calculus (38%), mean OHIS (27%), mean OHIP-14 (29%), deep pocket (14%), and the least predictor was shallow pocket (9%).

Conclusion:

Dental anxiety was associated with poor oral health status seeking further attention to modify patients' behavior regarding improvement in oral health status.
Heme-Mimetic Potential of Iron Conjugated Pheophytin-I in Attenuating Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular and Vascular Toxicity
Authors: Das Debashree , Patil Shailendra , Gajbhiye Asmita
Published: July 2022

Purpose of the Study:

Heme is the cardinal porphyrin in systemic physiology, apart from hemoglobin it forms structural skeleton of physiological antioxidants such as catalase and peroxidases.

Aim:

The current study presents evidence that iron chelated pheophytin (Fe-Ph-I) created in resemblance to heme can exert significant heme-mimetic efficacy in mitigating oxidative stress-induced cellular and vascular damage.

Materials and Methods:

Fe-Ph-I was synthesized by incorporating ferrous ion into the porphyrin core of Ph-I moiety. The candidate drugs (Ph-I and Fe-Ph-I) were characterized by spectroscopic analysis and heme-mimetic attribute of Fe-Ph-I was established by comparing the efficacy of Fe-Ph-I with reference to its unmetallated parent Ph-I as well as un-chelated ferrous ions in a host of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo bioassays paradigms.

Results:

The study confirmed that Fe-Ph-I, Ph-I, and free ferrous ions all exerts significant in vitro anti-radical efficacy, however, while un-chelated ferrous ions intensifies, Ph-I and Fe-Ph-I mitigate ex vivo oxidative stress with Fe-Ph-I exhibiting superior potency. Also from in vivo assessment of oxidative stress-induced hemolytic anemia, it was observed that Fe-Ph-I is significantly superior than Ph-I in alleviating intravascular hemolysis, thereby endorsing that not ferrous ions alone but ferrous ion chelated with porphyrin yielding a heme-mimetic structure is responsible for superior potency of Fe-Ph-I over Ph-I.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Fe-Ph-I is cost-effective and therapeutically safe biological macromolecule of clinical potency against pathologies either mediated by or themselves precipitate oxidative stress-induced cellular or vascular damage.
Evaluation of Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase and Glutathione Peroxidase Levels in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Participants With and Without Smoking Habits
Authors: Kamaraj Bavadharani , Deepthi Angeline , Kandasamy  , Nelson  , Deepak John Hearty , Gracelin
Published: July 2022

Background:

The majority of the current evidence suggests that tobacco smoking increases the risk of diabetes. Salivary alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) considered a biomarker to detect various oral diseases. Several studies suggest that smoking habits tend to alter ALP and GSHPx levels. However, at present, there is no much information about these enzymes in smokers with diabetes. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate the status of salivary ALP and GSHPx levels in diabetic and nondiabetic participants with and without smoking habits.

Materials and Methods:

This case–control study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee. A total of 60 male participants between the age group 35–50 years were recruited. Informed consent was obtained from participants. Participants were categorized into four groups: Group I – Smokers with diabetes (n = 15), Group II – Smokers without diabetes (n = 15), Group III – Nonsmoker with diabetes (n = 15), and Group IV – Nonsmoker without diabetes (n = 15). Salivary ALP levels and GSHPx activity were measured by colorimetric assay. Data were compared between groups using the one-way analysis of variance, followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test.

Results:

Nonsmoker diabetic participants demonstrated significantly higher ALP levels as compared to other groups (P < 0.05). We observed significantly lower levels of ALP in smokers with diabetes (P < 0.05). We observed a significant decrease in GSHPx activity in smokers with diabetes compared to all other groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Salivary ALP can be used as a clinical biomarker to be correlated for evaluating diabetes. GSHPx activity can be used to understand the response of supplementation therapy in smokers with diabetes.
Modern versus Traditional Endodontic Access Cavity Designs
Authors: Mandil Obada A. , Ghoulah Khalil T. , Hazzam Bassel M. , Alhijji Hussein S. , Al Abbas Ali H. , Rehan Ali K. , Doumani Mazen , Mandil Ahmad A.
Published: July 2022

By creating a precise access cavity (AC) and finishing the pulp chamber, less invasive endodontic therapy attempts to improve conventional endodontic therapy. The cingulum, oblique ridge, and roof of the pulp chamber, which all play a vital role in functional activity, might be preserved to increase fracture resistance. To reduce tooth structure loss, endodontic new ACs have recently been created. The preparation of the conservative access opening had advanced to a new level with the advent of microscopes and improved root canal equipment. The conservation of the cervical dentin is the most essential factor in preserving the restored tooth's normal function and lifespan. In recent years, minimally invasive endodontics has posed a challenge to the traditional method.
The Management of Immature Necrotic Permanent Molars for Uncooperative Child
Authors: Tolibah Yasser Alsayed , Kouchaji Chaza , Hamadah Omar , Doumani Mazen
Published: July 2022

Uncooperative children with dental fear form a barrier in front of a pediatric dentist to provide appropriate treatment. This study reports a detailed management of a child with a previous bad dental experience and permanent immature necrotic molars. The painful phase of the treatment was accomplished under two sedation sessions and the molars were treated. The permanent molars were followed up for a year to verify the success of the treatment.
Awareness, Knowledge, and Acceptance of Dental Implants among the Geriatric Population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Mubarak K , Alammari Manal R. , Fageeha Yara Tariq
Published: July 2022

Background:

Dental implants (DI) are gaining popularity among the general population, and special consideration has been given to the geriatric population in the replacement of missing teeth subject to their medical stability. The study aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, and acceptance regarding DI among the geriatric population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional survey was carried out through face-to-face interviews using a pretested and standardized questionnaire by calibrated interviewers. Participants of age >58 years who have not undergone any implant or bone graft procedures attending different prosthodontic clinics in Jeddah were recruited according to availability after obtaining consent. Responses received were converted into digital format and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

The knowledge related to DI was not satisfactory, and only 4.5% showed good knowledge. The willingness to replace the current prosthesis with DI was found in 49.6%, and it was also observed that 40% of the participants were using some tooth-supported fixed dental prosthesis. Only 41.3% and 31% were aware of bone graft and sinus lift procedures related to DI.

Conclusion:

Even though most participants were aware of DI, the knowledge related to it was little satisfactory. Older people should be appropriately explained about the best treatment choice for teeth replacement by connecting to their current systemic health condition with its benefits and long-term effects. Unexpectedly, the awareness related to bone graft and sinus lift procedures related to DI was found to be relatively acceptable as well as the willingness to accept bone graft if needed for DI placement was observed.
Association Between Cervical Abrasion, Oral Hygiene Practices and Buccolingual Dimension of Tooth Surfaces
Authors: Ali Abdul Salam Thekkiniyakath , Varghese Sheeja S. , Shenoy Rekha Prashanth
Published: July 2022

Background:

Cervical abrasion is a multifactorial process due to the use of abrasive dentifrices along with improper brushing patterns. An extensive lesion may cause loss of structural integrity of tooth and esthetically unacceptable. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of cervical abrasion with age, gender, and oral hygiene practices among workers in a spinning mill, Kerala. The study also aimed to identify the buccolingual measurements of each abraded tooth using the Community Abrasion Index of Treatment Needs (CAITN) probe.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study where 366 subjects (257 males and 109 females) above 20 years of age were selected using a random sampling technique. Data was collected from the assessment form comprising demographic data and oral hygiene practices of the subjects. Clinical examination for abrasion and buccolingual measurements of abraded tooth recorded using CAITN probe. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 26.0. for calculating descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression.

Results:

The overall prevalence of abrasion was 37.2% and 97.7% of subjects with abrasion had sensitive teeth and were statistically significant. Age, gender (males) and combined horizontal and vertical method of brushing technique were strongly associated with the cervical lesion (P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age group, gender, combined horizontal and vertical method of brushing, and presence of sensitive tooth was associated with the abrasion.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that the severity of the abrasion is an age-related phenomenon associated with combined horizontal and vertical strokes of brushing and is common among the male population. Dentinal hypersensitivity is also more prevalent with cervical abrasion. The novel CAITN probe can be used as an effective tool to assess the cervical abrasion and its treatment needs.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Canal Morphology of Mesiobuccal Root of Maxillary Molars in Saudi Subpopulation
Authors: Syed Gufaran Ali , Pullishery Fawaz , Attar Alaa Nasser , Albalawi Manal Ali , Alshareef Maha Abdulaziz , Alsadeq Alzahra Raeid , Alraddadi Asalah Khalid
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the canal configuration of mesiobuccal root (MBR) of the maxillary molars in the Saudi subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare if there is any gender and arch variation.

Methodology:

In this cross-sectional retrospective evaluation study, analysis of CBCT scans of MBRs of 400 maxillary first and second molars was done that has undergone CBCT scanning for diagnostic/treatment purposes in the private clinic of Jeddah, KSA. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Chi-square test.

Results:

Type I, II, and III canal configurations have been reported to be the most common morphologies in the MBR in both first and second molars, with the incidence of 20.25% (81), 17.25% (69), and 17.25% (69), respectively. Type I canals were significantly (P < 0.001) more common in tooth #17 and #27, Type II canals were significantly (P < 0.001) more seen in tooth #26, Type 3 canals were more seen in tooth #27, but there is no statistically significant association. Supplemental canal configurations which were classified by Gulabivala as Type I, Type II, and Type IV were also seen. Furthermore, 93 additional unclassified canal configurations were also found.

Conclusion:

The data indicate high prevalence of MB2 canals with varying canal configurations. Preoperative CBCT imaging should always be done in tooth-like maxillary molars, to understand the complex configurations and variations and to achieve higher success while performing root canal treatment.
Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Zygomatic Fractures
Authors: Mishra Priyatam , Khan Pallavi , Salunkhe Shrutika M. , Pendyala Siva Kumar , Mathur Mrinalini , Ummadisingh Lavanya , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Zygoma is one of the facial bones that are impacted in the accidents. Hence, we aim to evaluate the patient's profiles in the fracture associated with zygomatic bone.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a prospective clinical study with 60 subjects who were divided equally into cases (30) and controls (30); controls were general population and the cases underwent surgery of zygomatic complex fracture. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed by the means of the questionnaire. The values were compared for the significance keeping P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

The preoperative 15D score was lesser for cases than controls. Soon after surgery, it was statistically least and after a month, the mean score surpassed the controls. Infraorbital sensory loss was seen even after 6 months.

Conclusions:

As expected, the HRQoL decreases only to improve after the surgery. However, the infra-orbital nerve sensory loss may continue for over 6 months after the zygomatic complex fracture.
Low-Level Laser Therapy Role in Surgical Extractions
Authors: Almasri Mazen Ahmad , Mandal Nag Bhushan , Kulkarni Purva , Raj Ankita , Zeya Asfar , Mann Navaljeet Kaur , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been of interest in the clinical application in dentistry. Hence, we evaluated the LLLT on the wound healing in the mandibular surgical extraction.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a prospective clinical study with 50 male subjects, equally distributed as controls and cases. Routine surgical extraction was done for control group, and in case group, LLLT was applied after the extraction. Evaluation was done for various parameters and after comparison the P value was less than 0.05 which was considered as significant.

Results:

Significant difference was seen between the groups for the socket depth on 7th day, swelling on 1st, 3rd, and 5th days, and pain on all the days.

Conclusion:

LLLT can be successfully used for the surgical extractions.
Prevalence and Pattern of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Saluja Jagveer Singh , Bambawale Amrut , Priyadharsana P. S. , Ganesh C. , Karunajothi E , Shunmugavelu Karthik
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The main objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence of age, gender distribution, etiology, anatomic distribution, and treatment of mandibular fractures.

Materials and Methods:

This 2-year retrospective study was carried out in few multispeciality hospitals in India. The results were collected, and descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

Of 180 patients that were analyzed, males and the age group of 20–30 years had a higher prevalence of mandibular fractures with road traffic accidents being the most common etiological factor. Condyle was the most common site affected. Open treatment with rigid and nonrigid fixation was the commonly used method of treatment.

Conclusion:

Stratification of various epidemiological studies with data obtained over a large study period and sample size must be obtained to understand the plausible factors associated with mandibular fractures for appropriate diagnosis and management of mandibular fractures.
Assessment and Evaluation of Soft Tissue Measurements between Various Mandibular Divergences in the South Indian Population
Authors: Kumar A. Anand , Parthiban P. , Kumar S. Sathesh , Divakar G. , Sekar S. Sharmila , Silambu M. R.
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the mandibular divergent patterns and soft tissue chin (STC) thickness measured at different chin levels in nongrowing patients.

Methodology:

Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 400 adult patients were segregated into four groups based on mandibular divergence pattern defined by the mandibular plane to cranial base angle (average 32° ± 5°), Group I with low angle (below 27°), Group II with medium low angle (28°–32°), Group III with medium high angle (33°–36°), and Group IV with high angle (above 37°). STC thickness was measured between Pog-Pog' (pogonion), Gn-Gn' (gnathion), and Me-Me' (menton), thickness and height of the upper and lower lips were also measured. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey analysis.

Results:

A significant difference in the STC thickness at Pog, Gn, and Me was observed among all four groups with hyperdivergent patterns, showing decreased STC thickness than the hypodivergent mandibular pattern. Thickness of the upper and lower lips was greater in hypodivergent mandible, whereas height of the lips was greater in hyperdivergent mandible.
Surface Characteristics of Different Zirconia Dental Implants
Authors: Dewan Harisha , Airan Manish , Ejaj Mohamed , Lakshmi K. Pratyusha , Salkar Manjiri , Loganathan Jeevanandam , Agroya Pooja
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The invention of dental implants has replaced the fixed partial dentures for the replacement of the teeth. Hence, in the present study, we compared the surface characteristics of various zirconia dental implant systems.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted an in vitro comparative study of 50 implants of the dental implant systems “Straumann pure ceramic implants (SC) and Bredent dent whiteSKY™ (BW).” Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to compare the groups for the surface characters at the different regions of the implant surface.

Results:

SC showed deep markings on the surface and droplets, and BW showed smoother surface and bigger droplets under the SEM.

Conclusion:

SC may perform better in the clinical conditions as the surface characters are better than the BW.
An Experimental Study on Esthetic Preference and Satisfaction of Lip Position with Various Facial Divergences among the South Indian Population
Authors: Kumar A. Anand , Mithun E. Krithikka , Kumar Sathesh , Divakar G. , Sekar Sharmila , Nagarajan Sanchana
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study was to establish the most and least pleasing lip position and to evaluate esthetic preference in profile view among the South Indian population with diverse facial divergence.

Materials and Methods:

Photographs of 12 participants with an average lip position were taken, and original lip position (Image C) was altered by ± 2 mm and ± 4 mm from the original position of upper and lower lips using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 version. Image A and Image B comprised photographs with retrusive lips of 4 mm and 2 mm, respectively, and Image D and Image E comprised photographs with protrusive lips of 2 mm and 4 mm, respectively. The altered photographs were evaluated for pleasing lip positions by 300 examiners which comprised 102 orthodontists, 107 general dentists, and 91 laypersons.

Results:

A questionnaire was conducted through Google Forms, and the examiners favored Image C with an average lip position as the most desired lip position, whereas Image E with 4-mm lip protrusion and Image A with 4-mm lip retrusion were the least desired irrespective of gender or facial divergence.

Conclusion:

Importance to establish appropriate soft-tissue esthetics is the primary concern of an orthodontic treatment.
Comparative Assessment of Perceived Pain in Children During Palatal Anesthesia Using Two Injection Techniques
Authors: Patil Anand N. , Saurabh Sandeep , Pragya Prakhar , Aijazuddin Amreen , Chandra Satish , Singh Chawla Jatinder Pal
Published: July 2022

Background:

Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) is an approach that uses a constant and slow flow of delivering the anesthetic solution into the tissues, which is capable of alleviating pain and discomfort in children.

Aim:

Assessment of perceived pain in children during palatal anesthesia using Wand technique and conventional technique.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 children requiring bilateral palatal anesthesia were included in the study in a split-half design. The children were asked to indicate their intensity of pain response on a visual analog scale (VAS) after administration of anesthesia by the Wand technique and the conventional technique.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0. Mann–Whitney U test compared the mean VAS scores between the two groups. Statistical significance was defined as a P value of less than 0.05.

Results:

The mean VAS scores using the Wand technique and the conventional technique were 3.87 ± 1.99 and 4.20 ± 1.44, respectively (P = 0.332). Females had lesser VAS scores compared to males (P = 0.008).

Conclusion:

Females readily accepted the Wand technique compared to males, although there was no substantial difference between the two injection procedures.
Knowledge of Rural Population about Orthodontics
Authors: Jha Kunal , Patowary John , Mandal Nag Bhushan , Kauser Afreen , Varma Praveen Kumar , Thakur Sneha , Tiwari Heena Dixit
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Dental specialties are seldom recognized in India. Hence, in the present study, we aim to assess awareness among the rural population about the dental specialty of orthodontics.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional observational study at the rural center attached to the institute. We divided the participants into two groups as adults and teenagers. A questionnaire with 15 questions to assess the knowledge of the orthodontics was given and the response was noted. Data were analyzed for the statistical significance.

Results:

We observed no significant difference in general information and awareness about the knowledge for the orthodontics.

Conclusion:

There is still a deficit of the awareness among rural India about the dental specialty of the orthodontics irrespective of the age and gender. Awareness camps have to be arranged at the school levels.
Marginal Bone Loss Evaluation Postdental Implants Placed with Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Almasri Mazen Ahmad , Reddy K. Sudhakara , Hotchandani Kamal D. , Mogla Sahil , Kondreddy Kameswari , Nainan P. I. , Dayalan Nandini
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Various materials are used to improve the longevity of the dental implants. In our study, we assessed the marginal bone loss around dental implants after implantation with platelet-rich plasma.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a prospective clinical study among 200 subjects who were grouped equally as those with and without the application of PRF in the implantation. The radiographic and clinical features for the marginal bone loss were assessed and compared keeping P < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results:

We observed no significant variation between the groups for the mobility, bleeding on probing, plaque index, and marginal bone loss.

Conclusion:

We can conclude that the application of PRP concentrate did not significantly affect the marginal bone loss in the dental implantation.
Sleep Disorders among Dental Students
Authors: Dewan Harisha , Abdul Nishath Sayed , Mandal Nag Bhushan , Nasar Areeba , Mogla Sahil , Loganathan Jeevanandam , Dutta Priyanjali
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

With the increased stress among the students, their sleep patterns have been derailed from the routine. Hence, in our study, we aimed to appraise among the dental students the occurrence of sleep disorders.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a questionnaire-based survey study among 1115 dental students of 1–4 years. The survey was based on SLEEP-50 that had 50 questions that were given scores from 1 to 4 based on the response. The scores were analyzed for the statistical connotation, keeping P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

We observed that 352 students suffered from sleep disorders. The sex ratio of male:female was 25:75. No significant age variation was seen. For the various disorders, insomnia (25%), nightmares (13%), and sleepwalk (8%), circadian rhythm disorders (34%), obstructive sleep apnea (26%), and narcolepsy (30%) were noted with significant variation. The habit of alcohol was seen in 17% of students.

Conclusions:

The sleep disorders were prevalent among the dental students due to the great amount of stress caused in the study. They should be educated about the stress management methods and importance of sleep.
Incidence and Risk Factors of “Postdural Puncture Headache” in Women Undergoing Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia with 26G Quincke Spinal Needle, Experience of Medical College in Rural Settings in India 2019
Authors: Thakur Sunil , Sharma Anupriya , Kaushal Sushruti , Sharma Ashish , Sharma Nisha , Thakur Preyander Singh
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Almost every cesarean delivery is done under spinal anesthesia because of ease of doing, rapid onset, avoids maternal and fetal risk of general anesthesia, promotes early recovery. Major complication especially in young women undergoing LSCS under spinal anesthesia is post dural puncture headache (PDPH) which is caused by cerebrospinal fluid leakage. There is wide variation in reported incidence of PDPH (0.3% to 40 %) after spinal anesthesia being affected by various procedure and non procedure related risk factors like age, gender, needle size and type, numbers of spinal attempts and previous history of PDPH.

Methods:

Prospective cohort study was conducted in 335 patients posted for caesarean section under spinal anesthesia from January 2019 to September 2019 in medical College situated in rural India. Spinal anesthesia was given by 26 G Quincke spinal needle. All patients were evaluated for incidence and severity of PDPH from post operative day 1 to day 5.

Result:

Incidence of PDPH was 11.4% in this study. Majority of patients (62.5%) were having mild pain. All patients reported PDPH with 72 hours.

Conclusion:

Body mass index (BMI), h/o PDPH, multiple attempts for successful spinal anesthesia did not have any significant association with PDPH in our study.
Impact of Chronic Periodontitis on Intrauterine Growth of the Fetus
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Lakkappa Lakshmi , Chhabra Parul , Kondreddy Kameswari , Kumari Sharmila , Raju B Mrudula , Francis Mariea
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The human body goes through a roller coaster of hormonal changes during pregnancy. The periodontal pathologies may alter and may bring about different/altered responses to normal stimuli. Hence, in our study, we assessed the relation between the chronic periodontitis and its impact on the intrauterine growth of the fetus.

Material and Method:

We conducted a retrospective observational study, where the data was collected from the institutional records. We included 200 pregnant subjects and grouped them equally as those with and without periodontal pathologies. We compared the groups for various parameters of the subject and the new born, and measured the significance deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

We observed that among the various clinical parameters, the female subjects were exponentially prone to “vulvo-vaginitis, premature rupture of membranes” and the new born had restricted growth.

Conclusion:

Oral health affects the general health. The periodontal disease specifically has an adverse impact among pregnant women. Hence care should be given to oral hygiene maintenance.
Dental Caries and Brushing Techniques Attitude in School Students
Authors: Shakeel Mohd , Sultana Fozia , Mandal Nag B. , Mathew Rohit , Lenin Kuppusamy R. , Akilan Vidhya , Tiwari Heena D.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Oral health plays an important role in the overall wellness of an individual. Hence in our study, we aim to evaluate the awareness and knowledge about dental caries and pattern of brushing among secondary school students.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a questionnaire-based survey among 200 secondary school students to estimate their awareness and knowledge about dental caries and brushing pattern. Only those students with at least one filled, missing, or decayed tooth were considered. The data was presented as percentages.

Results:

We observed that knowledge regarding dental caries among students was 72.5%. 75.5% students had good knowledge of brushing teeth; nonetheless 30% brushed their teeth twice. Only 21.5% students visited the dental clinic.

Conclusion:

Though good knowledge about dental caries and brushing was appreciated among the students, very few students practiced good oral hygiene habits. Promotion of oral hygiene habits should be motivated at the school level.
The Influence of Stress in Modulating the Relationship between Coronavirus Disease-2019 Disease and Sleep Quality
Authors: Jacob George , Thomas Deena C. , Jo Shiana , Mathew Benila , Reshmi A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The emotional well-being of health-care employees is critical to the quality of patient care and the efficient operation of health services. Not only has the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) virus caused significant rates of morbidity and mortality around the world but it has also caused sleep disruption, stress, and pandemic-related anxiety among health-care workers. The current study examines associations among COVID-related fear, stress, and sleep quality in health professionals.

Methods:

From January to June 2021, a cross-sectional survey was done in Kerala among doctors, nurses, paramedical workers, and housekeeping employees. About 822 health-care providers from various districts took part in the study by completing a Google forms-based semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The data were coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Descriptive statistical analysis, percentages, and ratios were employed to summarize the data.

Results:

The majority of participants were between the ages of 46 and 55 (35%). Forty-four percent and 46% of respondents, respectively, were concerned about contracting COVID-19 and spreading the virus to others. COVID-19 restrictions were the primary concern of psychological distress among respondents (90%). Approximately one-fourth of the subjects reported using sleep medication, 42% took 30 min or longer to fall asleep, and 39% slept for 6 h or less. Poor sleep quality was reported to be prevalent in 62% of the population.

Conclusion:

The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to cause significant levels of fear, stress, and sleep disruption in health-care professionals. As a result, the COVID-19 pandemic represented a significant threat to their psychological health, and public health strategies should focus on improving it.
A Clinical Study to Assess the Severity of Periodontal Disease in Relation to Glycemic Status of Type II Diabetic Individuals
Authors: Ramakrishnan Hemalatha , Nandini Vidyashree Venugopal , Ayyadurai Mathan Mohan , Ramalingam Shakila , Amanullah Aniz
Published: July 2022

Background:

The study is done to find out the association between the glycemic status of Type II diabetic patients and the severity of periodontal disease (PD).

Materials and Methods:

Study groups included a total of 90 Type II diabetic individuals and were divided as Group I with well-controlled diabetics and Group II with poorly controlled diabetics based on glycosylated hemoglobin levels. The periodontal parameters of all patients, namely probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing oral hygiene index-debris index score, were assessed. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

The periodontal parameters of all patients with poor glycemic control were significantly higher than well-controlled group. There was a significant difference between all clinical parameters between groups with P < 0.001 indicating severe PD in poor glycemic status group.

Conclusion:

The severity of PD is related to glycemic status. The poorly controlled diabetic patients had severe periodontitis than well-controlled diabetic patients. Local factors such as dental plaque seem to have a major influence in disease progression.
Knowledge and Anxiety for Dental Treatments Due to COVID-19 among General Public
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit Murugendrappa , Alradan Mansour Hussien , Alqahtani Ali Aedh , Alhumaidani Rakan Khaled , Alhumaidani Faisal Khaled , Alshalan Nawaf Abdulaziz
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The fears, anxiety, and worries created among general population by COVID-19 are severe. The procedures which generate aerosols transmit most of COVID-19 transmission and we know one such procedure is dental treatment. After the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a change in health-care services; hence, this droplet transmission in dentistry became an issue which needs to be addressed.

Methodology:

A descriptive, online questionnaire survey was conducted among adults above 20 years. The questionnaire consisted of demographic details and questions related to anxiety and fear of considering dental treatment during this pandemic situation.

Results:

680 people responded for the study, among which 32% had COVID symptoms. 27% of them said that they are afraid of dental treatment during the pandemic whereas 47% said that they will accept if there is an emergency. The main reason for this fear was droplet infection in dental clinics.

Conclusion:

The fear of dental treatment during pandemic is moderate. This may be due to the self-care, positive behavior toward oral care by the people, and fear of cross-contamination due to airborne infections though the personal protective measures were followed.
Antimicrobial Prescription Patterns among Oral Implantologists of Kerala, India
Authors: George Annie Kitty , Narayan Vivek , Joseph Betsy , Balram Bindya , Anil Sukumaran
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives:

Antimicrobial resistance is a grave public health concern, and it is important to optimize the use of antimicrobials in dental surgeries. Antimicrobial prescriptions in dental implant placements are often empiric and not guided by consensus or specific guidelines. The aim of this study was to elucidate antibiotic prescribing patterns among oral implantologists. The objectives were to identify the frequency of antimicrobial usage and preferences regarding the perioperative timing of prescriptions, type of antibiotic, dosage, and duration in different implant placement scenarios.

Subjects and Methods:

An anonymized web-based survey was carried out. Participants were drawn from the lists of oral implantologists from all local branches of the Indian Dental Association in the state of Kerala, India, until the required sample size was met. Responses were recorded using an Internet-based validated questionnaire sent via e-mail to the participants. The questionnaire contained five sections with both open-ended and closed-ended questions.

Results:

Among the 93 participants, 59% of the dental implantologists preferred 0.2% povidone-iodine as a preprocedural mouth rinse in the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, and 68% prescribed 0.12%–0.2% chlorhexidine as the postoperative mouth rinse. The majority of the participants (73%) routinely prescribed systemic antibiotics perioperatively during implant placement surgery. Interestingly, while none of the participants preferred a solely preoperative regimen, 92.4% of the dentists in our survey prescribed both pre- and postoperative antibiotics. Antibiotics of choice as the preoperative agents were amoxicillin and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. The most preferred postoperative agent was amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. The popularly reported rationale behind a preoperative antibiotic was to decrease or eliminate local or systemic infections (79%), and the majority of the participants (60%) prescribed postoperative antibiotics to prevent postoperative infection.

Conclusions:

Systemic antibiotic prescriptions in implant placement surgery are not based on currently available evidence. Most oral implantologists who participated in the survey prescribed systemic antibiotics to prevent perioperative infection, even in simple and straightforward implant placements. Specific guidelines need to be generated in complex implant placement situations and implant placement in medically compromised patients to prevent excessive prescriptions.
Estimation of Serum Procalcitonin (ProCT/PCT) Levels in Periodontally Healthy Individuals and Chronic Periodontitis Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus – An Original Research
Authors: Jenifer Cynthia R A , Srinivasan Sivapragasam , Vijay VK , Saravanan Deepshika , Balaji Saravana , Navarasu M
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The present study aimed to estimate the serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in periodontally healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis patients with Type II diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials and Methods:

Forty-five male subjects aged 25–60 years were enrolled in the study and grouped as Group I (healthy), Group II (chronic periodontitis), and Group III (chronic periodontitis with Type II DM). Clinical parameters (dental plaque scores, bleeding scores, probing pocket depth, and loss of attachment) and glycemic parameters (random blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin levels) were recorded. Serum procalcitonin levels were analyzed using Raybio® Human Procalcitonin Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit using the sandwich technique. All the data obtained were tabulated and analyzed using SYSTAT 12 statistical software. Kruskal–Wallis test was applied to compare the mean scores between the three study groups, and Spearman's ρ correlation coefficient was used to find out the association.

Results:

Serum procalcitonin levels were markedly increased in periodontitis group when compared to the healthy group. The mean serum levels of procalcitonin in Group I, Group II, and Group III were 22.52 pg/ml, 64.23 pg/ml, and 185.86 pg/ml, respectively. The variation in the procalcitonin levels was statistically significant at P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

The expression of procalcitonin in serum was increased to eightfold in the periodontitis group with diabetes in comparison to the healthy group, which shows that periodontal disease can cause the release of procalcitonin.
Perception of Oral Health and Practices among Children Residing in Orphanages in Bengaluru
Authors: Unnikrishnan Vishnu , Dhamali Debjit , Balakrishna M. S. , Kavya M. J. , Saheer Abdul , Chandran Thara
Published: July 2022

Background:

Children residing in orphanages often have accumulated oral health needs as they are unaware of the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene. Due to financial constraints, the provision of oral health care is often neglected.

Aims and Objectives:

This study attempts to assess the perception of oral health and practices among children residing in orphanages in Bengaluru.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 269 inmates, which assessed their perception and practices concerning oral health.

Results:

The self-assessment and practices of the study participants varied significantly. The proportion of substance abuse was very low, and the oral hygiene practices of the majority of participants were good.

Conclusion:

Interventions need to be undertaken to improve and reinforce oral health awareness among the study participants.
Comparative Evaluation of Chlorhexidine and Cetrimide as Irrigants in Necrotic Primary Teeth
Authors: Sabu Nimmy , Thomas Nithya Annie , Thimmaiah Charisma , Joseph Ajay P. , Jobe Justin , Palose Pauline Susan
Published: July 2022

Context:

Disinfection of the root canal system by biomechanical preparation and profuse irrigation is especially important in primary teeth due to its complex pulp canal anatomy. Appropriate selection of irrigating solution should be done in terms of tissue dissolving capacity, antibacterial efficacy, and palatability when treating pediatric cases.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.2% cetrimide (CTR), and 0.2% CHX + 0.2% CTR against anaerobic bacteria and to test the influence of CTR added to CHX on its antibacterial action.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-five teeth that were selected for the study were divided into three groups: Group I (2% CHX), Group II (0.2% CTR), and Group III (0. 2% CHX + 0.2% CTR). Samples collected before and after irrigation were immediately processed and microbial growths were quantified.

Statistical Analysis:

Intergroup comparison was done using one-way analysis of variance and Newman–Keuls multiple post hoc procedures and intragroup comparison was done using paired t-test.

Results:

When the mean values of Group I were compared with Group II, the data were statistically not significant (P = 0.2341), whereas Group I showed a significant difference when compared with Group III (P = 0.0107). When the mean values of Group II and Group III were compared, the data were found to be statistically not significant (P = 0.0805).

Conclusion:

The efficacy of 2% CHX was found to be slightly superior when compared with that of 0.2% CTR, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, a significant difference was found between 2% CHX and combination irrigants.
Role of Salivary Physicochemical and Peptide Levels in Dental Caries among Children
Authors: Jha Kunal , Sharma Hemlata , Vella Varaprasad , Mandal Nag Bhushan , Pendyala Siva Kumar , Khan Mohammed Muzammil , Francis Mariea
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Dental caries is a common oral disease that still needs to be thoroughly evaluated for understanding the pathophysiology. Hence, in our study, we evaluate the physicochemical and the peptide properties of the saliva and their role in dental caries among children.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted an observational in vitro study among 100 subjects of age 5–15 years. Decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFT)/dmft was used to calculate the caries activity. The unstimulated saliva was evaluated for the peptides “LL-37, human neutrophil peptide (HNP) 1-3, and human beta-defensin-3” by ELIZA and for the “pH, buffer, and flow rate” of the saliva. The data thus obtained were analyzed to correlate caries and the salivary physiochemical and peptides using the “linear regression analysis.” P < 0.05 was deliberated as significant.

Results:

Although no statistically significant variation was seen between low and high caries risk groups and the salivary parameters in our study, we observed a negative correlation of the salivary peptides and caries. For the salivary peptide “HNP1-3,” there was a statistically significant variation.

Conclusion:

The salivary peptides may be carioprotective. However, further research has to be done to establish the mechanism of the action of these substances against caries.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Zinc Phosphate Cement, Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer, and Two Dual-Cure Resin Cements
Authors: Jacob Jose , Devadathan A. , Joseph Suja , Dathan Pradeep C. , Mathew Suja , Kuriakose Rene
Published: July 2022

Aims:

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the sealing ability of a new resin cement which was undergoing trial with other three luting cements.

Settings and Design:

In vitro study.

Subjects and Methods:

Forty extracted intact human premolars were selected and standardized class 5 preparations for inlays were done at cementoenamel junction of buccal surfaces and direct composite inlay was fabricated. The samples were randomly grouped into 4: Group I luted with Rely X ARC resin cement, Group II with DCRC-10, a new indigenously developed resin cement, Group III with FujiCEM, and Group IV with zinc phosphate. After 24 h storage, samples were thermocycled and immersed in basic fuchsine dye. The longitudinal sections were assessed under a stereomicroscope for microleakage using graded criteria.

Statistical Analysis Used:

To analyze leakage scores among four groups and between enamel and dentin/cementum margins, Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test and the Mann-Whitney test at P < 0.05 were used.

Results:

The dye penetration at cementum/dentin margins showed a statistically significant difference among four groups (P < 0.001). Adhesive luting cements produced lesser leakage scores at both margins than those cemented with zinc phosphate.

Conclusions:

The indigenously developed resin cement (DCRC-10, Group II) is comparable to that of Group I (RelyX ARC) in terms of its luting efficiency.
Clinicoradiological Comparison of Outcomes of LRS Fixator and Ilizarov in Infected Nonunion of Tibia Based on Bone Gap Quantification
Authors: Arfee Sakib , Malik Anzar Tariq , Nehru Ashish , Ali Umar , Arfee Akib , Arfee Adnan Aadil
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The surgery of the fracture of the long bones is inherent to certain complications, one being nonunion. As various modalities are proposed, we aim in our study to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes after the treatment with the Limb Reconstruction System (LRS) fixator and Ilizarov for the infected tibia with nonunion considering the bone gap quantifications.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted an observational prospective study among 40 subjects with tibial nonunion. They were grouped equally to be treated by the LRS fixator and Ilizarov. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared using the “Chi-squared and independent Student's t-test,” deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

We observed no significant difference for both the groups in the clinical union and functional and radiographic outcome for the various gaps of the nonunion. There was no significant difference for the groups when the time of healing was compared.

Conclusion:

Comparable results are seen for both the treatment modalities. However, IL fixator performed better clinically, while the LRS was easily accepted by the patients.