bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward low-power-consumption source-gated phototransistor
Authors: Wang Mingxu , Liu Fengjing , Zhang Tieying , Wang Guangcan , Sa Zixu , Zang Zeqi , Qi Dongqing , Song Kepeng , Cui Peng , Yang Zai-xing
Published: May 2024

The power consumption is challenging the next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this Letter, the n-type source-gated transistor (SGT) enabled by CdS nanobelt is investigated in detail, demonstrating the expected low power consumption, along with impressive photodetection performance. The SGT is realized by deliberately introducing the Schottky barrier at the source of the staggered-electrode transistor, exhibiting a small saturated voltage (VSAT) of 0.84 ± 0.21 V and a remarkably low power consumption of 7.56 ± 4.01 nW. Under illumination, the as-constructed SGT also shows a low power consumption of 7.58 nW, which is much lower than that of the most reported phototransistors operating in the saturated region. Moreover, the source-gated phototransistor also shows a high responsivity of 2.54 × 103 A W−1 and a high detectivity of 6.72 × 1012 Jones. All results imply that the as-constructed low-power-consumption source-gated phototransistor promises next-generation high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
X marks the spot: Accurate energies from intersecting extrapolations of continuum quantum Monte Carlo data
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mohammadreza , Alavi Ali , López Ríos Pablo
Published: May 2024

We explore the application of an extrapolative method that yields very accurate total and relative energies from variational and diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (VMC and DMC) results. For a trial wave function consisting of a small configuration interaction (CI) wave function obtained from full CI quantum Monte Carlo and reoptimized in the presence of a Jastrow factor and an optional backflow transformation, we find that the VMC and DMC energies are smooth functions of the sum of the squared coefficients of the initial CI wave function and that quadratic extrapolations of the non-backflow VMC and backflow DMC energies intersect within uncertainty of the exact total energy. With adequate statistical treatment of quasi-random fluctuations, the extrapolate and intersect with polynomials of order two method is shown to yield results in agreement with benchmark-quality total and relative energies for the C2, N2, CO2, and H2O molecules, as well as for the C2 molecule in its first electronic singlet excited state, using only small CI expansion sizes.
Ring momentum distributions as a general feature of Vlasov dynamics in the synchrotron dominated regime
Authors: Bilbao P. J. , Ewart R. J. , Assunçao F. , Silva T. , Silva L. O.
Published: May 2024

We study how radiation reaction leads plasmas initially in kinetic equilibrium to develop features in momentum space, such as anisotropies and population inversion, resulting in a ring-shaped momentum distribution that can drive kinetic instabilities. We employ the Landau–Lifshiftz radiation reaction model for a plasma in a strong magnetic field, and we obtain the necessary condition for the development of population inversion; we show that isotropic Maxwellian and Maxwell–Jüttner plasmas, with thermal temperature T>mec2/3, will develop a ring-like momentum distribution. The timescales and features for forming ring-shaped momentum distributions, the effect of collisions, and non-uniform magnetic fields are discussed and compared with typical astrophysical and laboratory plasmas parameters. Our results show the pervasiveness of ring-like momentum distribution functions in synchrotron dominated plasma conditions.
Theoretical and experimental study of strain localization phenomenon based on phase transition theory
Authors: Yan Fayuan , Wang Enzhi , Liu Xiaoli , Qi Chengzhi , Guo Yangyang , Xie Weiqiang
Published: May 2024

In the study of large-scale localized strain features, localized strain can lead to energy release and seismic effects. From the macroscopic process of localized strain, it is found that localized deformation is accompanied by structural weakening, which is due to phase changes in rocks. The phase change corresponds to the secondary phase transition process in physics. The present study illustrates this phenomenon from the perspective of secondary phase transition theory in statistical physics, combining the localized strain features on a large scale. Theoretical analysis and experimental studies were carried out using three brittle rocks, including marble, granite and red sandstone. First, two perturbation methods, i.e., Krylov–Bogoliubov method and Poincare method, are used to calculate the higher-order control equations in analytical model. The influences of control equation coefficients on the strain localization process are analyzed. Then the uniaxial compression tests are carried out on the three rocks to record the strain process. Finally, the theoretical and experimental results are compared to analyze the strain localization phenomenon. The comparison results show that both the Krylov–Bogoliubov solution and the Poincare solution in the analytical model can well describe the evolution characteristics of localized strain. It indicates that the theoretical model is valid and has high accuracy. The Poincare method better simulates the nonlinear phenomenon of strain localization. The present study provides a new theoretical method to better understand the strain localization phenomenon.
Robust chiral spin transport in the antiferromagnetic iron oxide/heavy metal bilayers
Authors: Zhang T. Z. , Meng K. K. , Wu Y. , Chen J. K. , Xu X. G. , Jiang Y.
Published: May 2024

We have observed robust chiral spin torques and non-reciprocal charge transport behaviors in the α-Fe2O3/Pt bilayers through a combination of magnetic field and current-dependent second longitudinal harmonic resistance measurements. The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction induced magnetic chirality has been predicted to account for the sign reversal characteristic of the second longitudinal harmonic resistance with increasing the current amplitude. A physical model that considers the chirality dependence of both the asymmetric scattering and the giant Rashba spin–orbit coupling has been set up to uncover the microscopic interactions between charge, spin, and magnetic chirality. Our comprehensive approach leverages the semiclassical Boltzmann theory to validate the consistency between this model and our experimental findings. Through our investigation, we have established the pivotal role of interfacial magnetic chirality in determining both charge and spin transport behaviors within antiferromagnetic insulator/heavy metal bilayer systems. Our work not only enhances the comprehension of spin–orbit torques and non-reciprocal charge transport but also contributes to the broader understanding of these phenomena. The outcomes of this study have broader implications for the advancement of spintronics and related fields.
Dynamic characteristics of terahertz hot-electron graphene FET bolometers: Effect of electron cooling in channel and at side contacts
Authors: Ryzhii V. , Tang C. , Otsuji T. , Ryzhii M. , Mitin V. , Shur M. S.
Published: May 2024

We analyze the operation of the hot-electron FET bolometers with the graphene channels (GCs) and the gate barrier layers. Such bolometers use the thermionic emission of the hot electrons heated by incident-modulated THz radiation. The hot electrons transfer from the GC into the metal gate. As the THz detectors, these bolometers can operate at room temperature. We show that the response and ultimate modulation frequency of the GC-FET bolometers are determined by the efficiency of the hot-electron energy transfer to the lattice and the GC side contacts due to the 2DEG lateral thermal conductance. The dependences of these mechanisms on the band structure and geometrical parameters open the way for the GC-FET bolometers optimization, in particular, for the enhancement of the maximum modulation frequency.
Temperature compensation through kinetic regulation in biochemical oscillators
Authors: Fu Haochen , Fei Chenyi , Ouyang Qi , Tu Yuhai
Published: May 2024

Nearly all circadian clocks maintain a period that is insensitive to temperature changes, a phenomenon known as temperature compensation (TC). Yet, it is unclear whether there is any common feature among different systems that exhibit TC. From a general timescale invariance, we show that TC relies on the existence of certain period-lengthening reactions wherein the period of the system increases strongly with the rates in these reactions. By studying several generic oscillator models, we show that this counterintuitive dependence is nonetheless a common feature of oscillators in the nonlinear (far-from-onset) regime where the oscillation can be separated into fast and slow phases. The increase of the period with the period-lengthening reaction rates occurs when the amplitude of the slow phase in the oscillation increases with these rates while the progression speed in the slow phase is controlled by other rates of the system. The positive dependence of the period on the period-lengthening rates balances its inverse dependence on other kinetic rates in the system, which gives rise to robust TC in a wide range of parameters. We demonstrate the existence of such period-lengthening reactions and their relevance for TC in all four model systems we considered. Theoretical results for a model of the Kai system are supported by experimental data. A study of the energy dissipation also shows that better TC performance requires higher energy consumption. Our study unveils a general mechanism by which a biochemical oscillator achieves TC by operating in parameter regimes far from the onset where period-lengthening reactions exist.
Cognitive Linguistics and expressing/interpreting proverbs in a second language
Authors: Ansah Gladys Nyarko
Published: May 2024

This chapter relies on Cognitive/Cultural Linguistics assumptions to investigate proverb interpretation and expression
among Akan-English bilinguals in Ghana. Cognitive linguistic approaches to studying proverbs, e.g., Lakoff and Turner (1989), emphasise the role cognitive models play in human conceptualisation, including proverb
interpretation. Using fifty common proverbs in each of their two languages, participants were asked to interpret proverbs in one
language and provide their conceptual equivalents in the other language. Findings suggest that while the bilinguals were better able
to interpret proverbs whose interpretation needed less cultural competence in both languages, they appeared to rely on L1 cultural
models to express/interpret L2 proverbs whose interpretation needed more cultural competence.
Emotion in Greek proverbs
Authors: Theodoropoulou Maria
Published: May 2024

This is a study ‘inside the proverb’. It draws its data from proverb collections and examines Greek proverbs both on
romantic love and on love, both figurative and nonfigurative. The study aims at comparing the conceptualisation of these emotions in
proverbs with the one in conventionalised expressions of everyday speech as captured in cognitive models approach (e.g., Kövecses 1990). The proverbs are examined with respect to the cognitive mechanisms they employ,
the functions they perform, as well as the linguistic means (verb vs. noun) by which they are expressed. The results show that the two
emotions are distinguished quantitatively and qualitatively regarding the aforementioned dimensions. The analysis shows that the
conceptualisation of romantic love in cognitive models approach pertains to the subjective experience, while proverbs on both romantic
love and love foreground the relationships within the community. In this sense, the cognitive models perspective is a ‘look inside the
subject’ while that of proverbs is a ‘look from above onto the community’. Finally, the ‘Cause and Effect figurative pattern’ is
highlighted as probably genre specific due to its great evidential power.
The only good snowclone is a dead snowclone
Authors: Jensen Kim Ebensgaard
Published: May 2024

This chapter proposes that some snowclones (schematic stock phrases) display some degree of proverbiality to the extent
that it can be argued that they occupy a grey zone between proverbs proper and semi-schematic idioms. Drawing on theoretical insights
from construction grammar and cognitive-semantic approaches to socio-cultural cognition, this chapter also presents three case studies
of snowclones within the English language that are based on corpus-data and corpus-linguistic methodology. More specifically, this
chapter studies patterns of use, such as productivity, epistemic status marking, and co-occurrence with co-textual topics, of
the only good X is a dead X, one does not simply X into Y, and in X no one can hear you
Y so as to address their potential proverbial nature.
A cultural linguistic study of embodied Hungarian proverbs representing facial hair
Authors: Kóczy Judit Baranyiné
Published: May 2024

This chapter offers a Cultural Linguistic analysis of the conceptualisations of beard and moustache in
Hungarian proverbs. While facial hair is an underexploited field in paremiology, the chapter argues that it is an appropriate
concept for capturing the cultural aspects of the figurative language collections of proverbs. The study analyses 31 proverbs selected from five
collections, where the identification process of cultural conceptualisations involves conceptual analysis combined with drawing on
other linguistic evidence and culturally relevant ethnographic data. The results show that the seven target concepts
(personality, manliness, independence, patriotism, age, dignity, and
wisdom) are interconnected in the Hungarian cultural model of man, and moustache has a dominance and more
positive value in cultural cognition as compared to beard. The study shows how the theoretical framework and methodological
tools of Cultural Linguistics can be used in studying the cultural elements of proverbs and how they can enhance the understanding of
their linkage to cultural models.
“We are in the same storm, not in the same boat”
Authors: Augé Anaïs
Published: May 2024

The chapter proposes to investigate the implications of the proverbial phrase to be in the same boat in
international debates about climate change. The study exposes the endorsed or disputed uses of the proverb. I analyse its exploitation
by different discourse producers who convey different opinions. The data are extracted from various texts and speeches produced (or
translated) in English. This research illustrates how the proverb can be exploited to fit different cultural traditions and different
environmental concerns. The aim of the chapter is to identify the different arguments promoted by the use of the proverb. It also
highlights the aspects of the proverb that may not correspond to the reality of climate change. This gives rise to argumentative
exploitations using related metaphorical expressions. With reliance on cognitive metaphor theories (Lakoff 1993, 2004, 2010), and on
metaphor scenarios in particular (Musolff 2004, 2016, 2019a), the occurrences discussed below demonstrate how the metaphorical
image of the earth is a container has been challenged through the depiction of the earth is a boat. Indeed, the
source concept boat comprises particular characteristics that can cause division among discourse producers to the extent that
climate change debates may revolve around the use and misuse of the proverb. The chapter demonstrates that the proverbial phrase
to be in the same boat involves precarious implications in environmental discourse.
Multilingualism, creativity, and problem-solving
Authors: Chung-Fat-Yim Ashley , Fernandez-Duque Matias , Marian Viorica
Published: May 2024

The chapter considers how language sparks discovery and innovation by examining creativity and
problem-solving through the unique vantage point of multilingualism. The chapter begins with an overview of how
creativity and problem-solving are operationalized and measured, followed by a review of how multilingualism impacts
the ability to innovate and solve problems. The relationship between multilingualism and creativity is modulated by
proficiency and age of second language acquisition. Similarly, performance on problem-solving tasks depends on which
language multilinguals use and on their proficiency level in each language. The final section discusses
multilingualism, creativity, and problem-solving in real-world settings, as well as potential future directions,
concluding with the suggestion that knowing multiple languages can lead to more creative outcomes and better
problem-solving skills.
The Literacy Enhancement Hypothesis in bilingual language development
Authors: Montrul Silvina , Armstrong Andrew
Published: May 2024

The Literacy Enhancement Hypothesis states that the development of literacy skills and exposure to
textual input during the school-age period leads to more robust linguistic representations of morphosyntactic
structures that strengthen psycholinguistic processing mechanisms such as working memory. This chapter reviews general
psycholinguistic findings that support the impact of written language on language development and entrenchment in
different grammatical areas and discusses results of current studies of morphosyntactic aspects of Spanish designed to
test the literacy enhancement hypothesis with bilingual school-aged children. The findings suggest that print exposure
in the heritage language contributes to strengthen and maintain early acquired linguistic structures that form the
basis for the development of more complex syntax in Spanish. These results have implications for effective assessment,
instruction, and intervention strategies to promote robust language and literacy skills and academic success in
bilingual children.
Approaching Developmental Language Disorder from a Disorder within Dialects framework
Authors: Oetting Janna
Published: May 2024

Disorder within Dialects is a new framework that has helped guide a series of studies on childhood
Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) within African American English (AAE) and Southern White American English
(SWAE), two dialects spoken in the southern region of the United States. In this chapter, I review the basic tenets of
the Disorder with Dialects framework, contrasting it with the traditional Dialect vs. Disorder framework. Then,
focusing on children’s use of finite markers within AAE and SWAE and using data from several published studies, I
demonstrate how dialect-informed materials and strategic scoring systems can be used to identify children with DLD
within these dialects and perhaps within other linguistic varieties spoken in the United States and elsewhere.
Multilingual data coding and analysis within Phon
Authors: Rose Yvan
Published: May 2024

Research on multilingualism or based on multilingual speech data poses unique methodological
issues, for example concerning the annotation of language-specific phenomena within data records involving multiple
languages and/or speakers. To support this type of research, how can one build a unique corpus of data that can be
analyzed either as a whole or on a language-by-language basis? The Phon software program provides a number of
solutions to address such challenges. This paper demonstrates how to build and analyze data transcripts in ways that
make possible both language-general measures of speech as well as language-specific ones.
Towards an ecosystemic view of bilingual phonological development
Authors: Sabah Meziane Rabia , Bérubé Daniel , MacLeod Andrea A. N.
Published: May 2024

An ecosystemic framework was used to explore how external factors, including the macrosystem,
exosystem and microsystem, and internal factors impact bilingual phonological development in the case of three
simultaneous bilingual preschool-aged children who spoke French and either Arabic, English, or Tagalog. Regarding
internal factors, the three children showed age-appropriate phonology and vocabulary. For external factors, all
children lived in a sociolinguistic context where French was the majority language. English brought several
sociolinguistic advantages and opportunities for exposure and use in the communities, compared to Arabic and Tagalog,
which had minoritized language status. We consider that an ecosystemic framework accounts for a continuum of bilingual
phonology acquisition that includes both child internal and external factors.
Phonological features and phonetic variation in multilingual grammars
Authors: Archibald John
Published: May 2024

Drawing on Archibald (2022a, b), the chapter shows how a contrastive hierarchy model of segmental phonology can provide
formal model of determining cross-linguistic similarity. Looking primarily at Arabic-French learners of English, the
L1 and L2 features (including the markedness value of the feature) and the rankings influence L3
acquisition. Neurolinguistic and sociolinguistic evidence for the differential behaviour of marked versus unmarked
values are discussed, and then it is shown how this variation can act as a cue for the learner to discover the L3
grammatical hierarchy. The author explores a theory of L3 restructuring based on principles of merger, redeployment,
and triggering. Ultimately, it is argued that the learner compares the L1 and L2 contrastive hierarchy parses of the
L3 input and chooses the one which is optimal for the L3 grammar.
Bilinguals’ lexical choice in storytelling
Authors: Nicoladis Elena
Published: May 2024

In experimental tasks, bilinguals often have greater difficulty accessing words than monolinguals
and greater difficulty in their weaker language than their stronger language, consistent with the weaker-links
hypothesis (Gollan et al., 2011). The purpose of the present research is to
test whether bilinguals show similar lexical access difficulties in a more ecologically valid context: storytelling.
Participants watched a cartoon and told the story back. We coded their every word for corpus frequency. In Study 1, we
compared bilinguals with monolinguals. In Study 2, we compared Spanish-English bilinguals with English-Spanish
bilinguals. Some of the results were consistent with the weaker-links hypothesis. However, the differences were small.
These results raise the possibility that bilinguals have little lexical access difficulty while telling stories.
Morphological awareness in L2 Italian children with a migrant background
Authors: Melloni Chiara , Vender Maria
Published: May 2024

Research on morphological awareness in bilingual children has generated conflicting evidence, with
studies reporting bilingual gains and others finding poorer performance relative to monolinguals. In this study, we
explored further this issue by testing 54 school-aged children speaking Italian as an L2 on a broad domain of
morphology and by means of nonword tasks, with the aim to reduce potential vocabulary effects on morphological
abilities. One group of monolingual Italian-speaking children and two groups of bilingual L2 Italian children (with
Romanian and Albanian as L1s) took part in the experiment. Results evidenced similar performances in most tasks, but
limited underachievement was found in bilinguals, especially in the Albanian-Italian speaking children. This bilingual
gap can be explained by the genealogical and typological distance between the L1 and the target language. Crucially,
it disappears once vocabulary and exposure factors are taken into account.
On the nature of operators in the grammar of L1 Chinese learners of L2 Japanese
Authors: Miyamoto Yoichi , Otaki Koichi , Nakamura Chie , Yusa Noriaki
Published: May 2024

Under the current generative framework (Chomsky, 1993,
1995), this paper examined the acquisition of wh-questions and
conditional sentences in the L2 Japanese grammar of L1 Chinese learners, focusing on whether properties of wh-phrases
divergent across languages can be acquired in L2. We used an acceptability judgement task and conducted the experiment
online. Theoretically, the study investigated the acquisition of operator-variable chains in their grammar. The
results showed that their L2 Japanese grammar is a mixture of L1 Chinese and L2 Japanese. This apparent inconsistency
most likely results from the way that operators are fully construed with all the necessary features in place: Chinese
operators are formed in the lexicon, while Japanese ones are construed in core syntax (Saito, 2017, 2021). The current finding is taken as support for the Feature Reassembly
Hypothesis (Lardiere, 2008, 2009), which states that L2 learners reassemble L1 features in order to construct L2 grammar.
Prosody and head directionality
Authors: Liceras Juana M. , Llamazares Marco , Aizu Yoriko
Published: May 2024

The relationship between prosodic encliticization of the conjunctive coordinator and OV word order
(or the equivalent correlation between VO and procliticization) is a strong descriptive universal. Namely, if a
language shows prosodic encliticization (prosodic attachment after the initial coordinand), as in “John-and
Peter”, then that language is necessarily OV, as is the case in Japanese. However, if a language has
procliticization of the conjunctive coordinator, as in “John and-Peter”, we cannot say whether it is
OV or VO, since, for example, English, Spanish and Basque display procliticization but English and Spanish are VO
while Basque is OV. Using experimental data from speakers of convergent (OV – enclisis and VO – proclisis) languages
such as Japanese, English, and Spanish and non-convergent (OV – proclisis) languages such as Basque, the study
addresses the strength of the relationship between the encliticization of conjunctive coordination and word order in
the mind of native speakers of these four languages.
SAFE – A risk management tool to protect both people and pets in residential aged care facilities
Authors: O’Dwyer Lisel A , Young Janette O
Published: May 2024

Pet ownership has known health and well-being benefits for people of all ages. Most previous research on pet ownership among older people has focussed on older people with pets living independently in their own homes or the effects of visiting pet programs in residential aged care. With structural ageing of populations globally, the number of humans living into old age is increasing. Even with home support and care policies, an increasing number will need to live in communal aged care settings. Currently, pets rarely accompany older persons into communal residential aged care. This article presents a risk management tool – Safe Animal Friendly Environments (SAFE) – designed to facilitate and maintain private pet ownership among older people living in residential aged care facilities. SAFE was developed to identify best practice for both human and animal well-being in residential aged care. The tool supports both human and animal well-being during a human stage of life with many losses and pains while reducing the number of pet animals needlessly relinquished or even euthanised when owners need to ‘go into care’. It was developed using a Delphi process with multidisciplinary expert input. We identify the different types of risks for stakeholders (residents with pets, aged care facility staff and pets), including physical, zoonotic and psychological risks. None of the identified risks of pets in aged care are unmanageable. SAFE reduces risks to acceptable levels and directs how to remove them where possible. SAFE has a summative table listing 17 general risks: from animals to humans, humans to animals and animals to animals. Each identified risk has a pre-mitigation risk assessment (low, medium or high), recommended mitigation actions and a post-mitigation risk rating (low, medium or high). Post-mitigation risk is reduced to ‘low’ in almost all scenarios. SAFE has separate tables for dogs, cats, small mammals, birds and fish, each preceded by a best practice case study. The discussion links the Ottawa Charter for (human) health promotion and use of SAFE. SAFE contributes to the inclusion of residential aged care as a context for the personal human-animal bond.
Comment on ‘Index-free heat kernel coefficients’
Authors: Franchino-Viñas S A
Published: May 2024

The article by van de Ven (1998 Class. Quantum Grav.
15 2311–44), is one of the fundamental references for higher-order heat kernel coefficients in curved backgrounds and with non-Abelian gauge connections. In this manuscript, we point out two errors and ambiguities in the

a

5

coefficient, which may also affect the higher-order ones.
Infinitely degenerate slowly rotating solutions in f(R) gravity
Authors: Sunny Alan , Xavier Semin , Shankaranarayanan S
Published: May 2024

This work tests the no-hair conjecture in f(R) gravity models. No-hair conjecture asserts that all black holes in general relativity coupled to any matter must be Kerr–Newman type. However, the conjecture fails in some cases with non-linear matter sources. Here, we address this by explicitly constructing multiple slow-rotating black hole solutions, up to second order in rotational parameter, for a class of f(R) models (

f
(
R
)
=
(

α

0

+

α

1

R

)

p

,
p
>
1

). Such an f(R) includes all higher-powers of R. We analytically show that multiple vacuum solutions satisfy the field equations up to the second order in the rotational parameter. In other words, we show that the multiple vacuum solutions depend on arbitrary constants, which depend on the coupling parameters of the model. Hence, our results indicate that the no-hair theorem for modified gravity theories merits extending to include the coupling constants. The uniqueness of our result stems from the fact that these are obtained directly from metric formalism without conformal transformation. We discuss the kinematical properties of these black hole solutions and compare them with slow-rotating Kerr. Specifically, we show that the circular orbits for the black holes in f(R) are smaller than that of Kerr. This implies that the inner-most stable circular orbit for black holes in f(R) is smaller than Kerr’s; hence, the shadow radius might also be smaller. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for future observations.
An intelligent fault diagnosis method for rolling bearing using motor stator current signals
Authors: Ye Xiangbiao , Li Guofu
Published: May 2024

In the diagnosis of rolling bearing faults, the Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) method offers advantages such as low cost, simplicity, and convenience compared to using vibration signals, temperature information, and other diagnostic objects. However, owing to the interference of high-frequency noise, power frequency, and its harmonics in current signals, which can severely affect the accuracy of bearing fault diagnosis, it is extremely challenging to use the original current signals during bearing faults directly for diagnostic purposes. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent fault diagnosis method based on the feature reconstruction (FR) method and convolutional neural networks (CNN). This method can achieve high-precision fault diagnosis using single-phase stator current signals from motors as the diagnostic objects. First, the FR method effectively removes the impact of high-frequency noise, supply frequency, and its harmonics from the current signals, while also highlighting subtle fault feature signals to a certain extent. Second, a CNN suitable for learning the characteristics of the current signals was constructed. Through feature extraction, learning, and classification of the current signal samples processed by the FR method, a diagnostic method with a high classification accuracy was obtained. Visualization techniques were used to present the final diagnosis results intuitively. The experimental results demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy and average diagnostic accuracy of the proposed method in diagnosing rolling bearing fault types, with an average diagnostic accuracy of approximately 99% for actual faulty bearing samples.
Structural and chemical study of complex silver patterns additively manufactured by multi-photon reduction
Authors: Fan Lisha , Tang Xianwei , Zhang Shuowen , Wu Ling , Zhao Tianzhen , Ding Xiaoyu , Wu Huaping , Yao Jianhua
Published: May 2024

Multi-photon reduction (MPR) based on femtosecond laser makes rapid prototyping and molding in micro-nano scale feasible, but is limited in material selectivity due to lack of the understanding of the reaction mechanism in MPR process. In this paper, additively manufacturing of complex silver-based patterns through MPR is demonstrated. The effects of laser parameters, including laser pulse energies and scanning speeds, on the structural and chemical characteristics of the printed structures are systematically investigated. The results show that the geometric size of printed cubes deviates from the designed size further by increasing laser pulse energy or decreasing scanning speed. The reaction mechanism of MPR is revealed by studying the elemental composition and chemical structures of printed cubes. The evolution of Raman spectra upon the laser processing parameters suggests that the MPR process mainly includes two processes: reduction and decomposition. In the MPR process, silver ions are reduced and grow into particles by accepting the electrons from ethonal molecules; meanwhile carboxyl groups in polyvinylpyrrolidone are decomposed and form amorphous carbon that is attached on the surface of silver particles. The conductivity of silver wires fabricated by MPR reaches 2 × 105 S m−1 and stays relatively constant as varying their cross section area, suggesting excellent electrical conduction. The understanding of the MPR process would accelerate the development of MPR technology and the implementation of MPR in micro-electromechanical systems could therefore be envisioned.
A compound eye-like morphology formed through hexagonal array of hemispherical microparticles where an alkyl-fullerene derivative self-assembled at atmosphere-sealed air/water interface
Authors: Gupta Ravindra Kumar , Asanuma Hidehiko , Giner-Casares Juan J , Hashimoto Ayako , Ogawa Tetsuya , Nakanishi Takashi
Published: May 2024

Self-assembly processes are widely used in nature to form hierarchically organized structures, prompting us to investigate such processes at the macroscopic scale. We report an unprecedented approach toward the self-assembly of alkyl-fullerene (C60) derivatives into a hexagonal array of hemispherical microparticles akin to the morphology of a compound eye. The method includes casting solvated alkyl-C60 compound on an air/water interface followed by controlled evaporation of the solvent under atmosphere-sealed conditions. This leads to the formation of a thin film floating on water with a diameter of up to 1.3 centimeters and exhibiting a hexagonally-packed hemispherical structure with a diameter of approximately 38 µm. Various measurements of the formed film reveal that amorphousness is necessary for suppressing uncontrollable crystallization, which affects the microparticle size and film formation mechanism. We tested the feasibility of this approach for the self-assembly of a relatively common C60 derivative, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), resulting in the formation of a film with a similar pattern of hexagonally-packed larger microparticles approximately 152 µm in size of diameter.
Quantifying residual oil in a household oil tank
Authors: Downes Fionn
Published: May 2024

On a chilly evening, a practical challenge was posed to 2nd level students taking an extra-curricular math class: Imagine a household cylindrical oil tank lying on its side. How could we determine how much heating oil remains in the tank? In this paper, we ask students to engage in mathematical deduction to devise methods for approximating a solution to this intriguing engineering problem. The only tools that we have access to are measuring tape, and a long clean stick, so resourcefulness becomes key. We establish a mathematical relationship between the parameters that we have access to measure and the volume of oil that remains in the tank. Expanding the scope, we encapsulate this solution within a Jupyter Notebook (Python), allowing for the calculation of oil in any cylindrical tank.
Observation of gas flow around plants using Schlieren imaging system and high-refractive-index gas
Authors: Matsutani Akihiro
Published: May 2024

The fruits of many plant are carried and flowers are also swayed by the wind. If the flow of air around plants can be visualized, the science behind it will be interestingly illustrated. In this study, the gas flow around cherry blossom fruits, clover flowers, maple seed propellers, and dandelion pappi as spherical and propeller-shaped samples is demonstrated using a Schlieren optical system and a high-refractive-index gas. The observed gas flow corresponding to the sample shape was well characterized by fluid dynamics features such as the Coandă effect. The results of experiments in which the flow of gas around plants is visualized are useful as a scientific education material for fluidics and optics.
Combined optimization of spot positions and weights for better FLASH proton therapy
Authors: Lansonneur P , Magliari A , Rosa L , Perez J , Niemelä P , Folkerts M
Published: May 2024

Objective. In Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT), the weights of individual pencil-beams or spots are optimized to fulfil dosimetric constraints. Theses spots are usually located on a regular lattice and their positions are fixed during optimization. In many cases, the range of spot weights may however be limited, leading sometimes to sub-optimal plan quality. An emblematic use case is the delivery of a plan at ultra-high dose rate (FLASH-RT), for which the spot weights are typically constrained to high values. Approach. To improve further the quality of IMPT FLASH plans, we propose here a novel algorithm to optimize both the spot weights and positions directly based on the objectives defined by the treatment planner. Main results. For all cases considered, optimizing the spot positions lead to an enhanced dosimetric score, while maintaining a high dose rate. Significance. Overall, this approach resulted in a substantial plan quality improvement compared to optimizing only the spot weights, and in a similar execution time.
Topological magnons in a non-coplanar magnetic order on the triangular lattice
Authors: Bai Linli , Chen Ken
Published: May 2024

The bond-dependent Kitaev interaction K is familiar in the effective spin model of transition metal compounds with octahedral ligands. In this work, we find a peculiar non-coplanar magnetic order can be formed with the help of K and next-nearest neighbor Heisenberg coupling J
2 on the triangular lattice. It can be seen as a miniature version of skyrmion crystal, since it has nine spins and an integer topological number in a magnetic unit cell. The magnon excitations in such an order are studied by the linear spin-wave theory. Of note is that the change in the relative size of J
2 and K produces topological magnon phase transitions although the topological number remains unchanged. We also calculated the experimentally observable thermal Hall conductivity, and found that the signs of thermal Hall conductivity will change with topological phase transitions or temperature changes in certain regions.
Electron-induced hydrogen desorption from selected polymers (polyacetylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and polymethyl-methacrylate)
Authors: Dapor Maurizio
Published: May 2024

Elastic Peak Electron Spectroscopy, abbreviated as EPES, involves the analysis of the line shape found in the elastic peak. The reduction in the energy of electrons within the elastic peak is a result of energy being transferred to the target atoms, a phenomenon referred to as recoil energy. EPES distinguishes itself among electron spectroscopies by its unique ability to identify hydrogen in polymers and hydrogenated carbon-based materials. This distinctiveness is particularly notable because lighter elements demonstrate more pronounced energy shifts. The detection of hydrogen in polymers entails measuring the energy difference between the positions of the carbon (or carbon+oxygen) elastic peak and the hydrogen elastic peak. This difference tends to increase as the kinetic energy of the incident electrons rises. Concerning hydrogen peak intensity, electron beam-induced damage represents a critical aspect of EPES, as hydrogen desorbs under electron irradiation. In this study, the Monte Carlo method was employed to simulate EPES spectra involving electrons interacting with polyacetylene (C2H2), polyethylene (C2H4), polystyrene (C8H8), and polymethyl-methacrylate (C5H8O2) and to evaluate electron-induced hydrogen desorption from these polymers.
Crystal structure, composition and valence state of cations in mixed-valence A1−xCdxMnO3 (A=Pr, La) ceramics
Authors: Googlev K A , Kozakov A T , Kochur A G , Nikolskii A V , Rudskaya A G , Shevtsova S I
Published: May 2024

Complex manganites A1−xCdxMnO3 (A = Pr, La) are synthesized by solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive analysis are applied to study their crystal structure, surface morphology, elemental and phase composition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods are used to study the charge states of Pr and La cations, as well as to quantify the fractions of coexisting Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions. La3d-, La4d-, Pr4d- и Mn2p-spectra of La3+, Pr3+, Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions are calculated in the isolated–ion approximation with accounting for multiplet splitting and charge transfer effect. Good agreement with the experiment is obtained. The relative fractions of trivalent and tetravalent manganese ions in La0.45Cd0.78Mn0,9O2.86 and Pr0.50Cd0.76Mn0.86O2.88 samples are determined by fitting the Mn2p spectra by superposition of experimental spectra containing only Mn3+, and only Mn4+ ions; they were found to be 0.71Mn3+/0.29Mn4+ and 0.54Mn3+/0.46Mn4+, respectively.
Higher-order phase-space moments for off-diagonal rotating Morse oscillators
Authors: Cherroud Othmane , Yahiaoui Sid-Ahmed
Published: May 2024

The present paper proposes an advancement beyond the recent mathematical formulation [Cherroud O and Yahiaoui S-A 2023 Eur. Phys. J. Plus. 138 534], by extending their approach to the evaluation of off-diagonal matrix elements

〈

x

ˆ

m

p

ˆ

l

〉

n
,
n
′

J
,
J
′

for the rotation-vibration Morse oscillators. Calculations are conducted within the framework of phase-space quantum mechanics, considering (r → r
eq). This methodology facilitates the derivation of analytical expressions for

〈

x

ˆ

s

〉

n
,
n
′

J
,
J
′

and

〈

p

ˆ

s

〉

n
,
n
′

J
,
J
′

matrix elements, where s = 1, 2, …. This approach enables the evaluation of both diagonal (

n
=
n
′
,
J
=
J
′
≠
0

) and off-diagonal (

n
≠
n
′
,
J
=
J
′
≠
0

) matrix elements through a more explicit and compact analytic formula, applicable for cases where

J
≠
J
′

as well as for scenarios involving non-rotating effects

J
=
J
′
=
0

.
Theoretical investigation of NbB as an electrode material for Li/Na-ion batteries
Authors: Li Xusheng , Liu Yu , Wang Haiyan , Yu Weiwei , Fu Yiwen , Wu Qinghua , Hu Qianku , Zhou Aiguo
Published: May 2024

The utilization of MBenes as electrode materials for lithium/sodium-ion batteries (LIBs/NIBs) has emerged as a prominent research area. The potential application of two-dimensional niobium boride (NbB) in LIBs/NIBs was explored through first-principles calculations. The results indicate that the monolayer of NbB exhibits exceptional dynamic stability, thermodynamic stability and electrical conductivity. The migration path of Li/Na on the NbB surface was determined, revealing diffusion barriers as low as 0.034 and 0.017 eV respectively, indicating the exceptional mobility and reversibility exhibited by NbB. The theoretical capacities of Li and Na on NbB are 258 and 323 mAh g−1, respectively. The open circuit voltage (OCV) varies within the range of 0.58 to 0.71 V and 0.05 to 0.81 V for Li/Na concentrations. Meanwhile, the investigation into the influence of various functional groups of NbB on the adsorption properties of Li/Na atoms reveals that both NbBO and NbBS surfaces retain their maximum capacity for Li/Na adsorption, whereas the NbBSe surface fails to achieve complete layer adsorption of Li/Na atoms. The introduction of the S functional groups not only maintains the ultra-low diffusion barrier (0.09 eV) of Na ions but also results in a significant decrease in the average OCV of Li/Na adsorption, which is approximately 0.37 and 0.14 V, respectively. The electrochemical properties of NbB in LIBs/NIBs are exceptional, positioning it as a promising electrode material within the MBenes family.
Asymmetric dark matter and Sommerfeld enhancement
Authors: Qiu Sujuan , Iminniyaz Hoernisa , Huo Wensheng
Published: May 2024

We study the relic density of asymmetric dark matter with long-range interactions by considering the Sommerfeld effect. We find that the annihilation cross section of asymmetric dark matter is enhanced by the Sommerfeld effect and thus the relic density is decreased. Then we use the Planck data to constrain the asymmetry factor, coupling, and to derive the upper bounds on the dark matter mass in s-wave and p-wave annihilation cases.
Test of the Brans–Dicke theory with GW200105 and GW200115
Authors: Fei Qin , Yang Yingjie
Published: May 2024

We study whether it is possible to constrain the Brans–Dicke (BD) theory from the measurement of gravitational waves (GW) released in neutron star-black hole collisions. Considering the scalar field modifications through monopole and dipole radiations, we find additional contributions to the phase evolution in the emitted gravitational waveform. After effectively calculating such effect in the post-Newtonian order, we are in a position to measure the scalar field and give bounds on the BD coupling parameter ω

BD
. We derive the analytical expression for the phase modification due to the orbital eccentricity of eccentric binaries in both general relativity and BD theory. Employing the Bayesian analysis, we obtain the constraints on ω

BD
from the GW events, GW200105 and GW200115.
A high-performance passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser with a TaSe2 saturable absorber
Authors: Feng Xu , Hao Qianqian , Wang Chen , Bai Chunyan , Li Linjun
Published: May 2024

In this paper, TaSe2 material was prepared and used as a saturable absorber (SA) to modulate a Tm:YAP laser. Under the continuous-wave mode, an 18.31 W diode laser was used to pump the Tm:YAP crystal, and an output power of 6.22 W was achieved at 1993.1 nm with an optical–optical conversion efficiency of 33.9%. Under the passively Q-switched mode, the Tm:YAP pulse laser was modulated by a TaSe2-based SA, and a 2.8 W average power and a 440 ns pulse width at 73.15 kHz were obtained at 1988.4 nm, corresponding to an optical–optical conversion efficiency of 15.2% and a per pulse energy of 38.2 µJ.
Intrinsic valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall effect in a two-dimensional germanene/MnI2 van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Dong 董 Xiao-Jing 晓晶 , Zhang 张 Chang-Wen 昌文
Published: May 2024

Valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall effect (VQAHE), combined nontrivial band topology with valleytronics, is of importance for both fundamental sciences and emerging applications. However, the experimental realization of this property is challenging. Here, by using first-principles calculations and modal analysis, we predict a mechanism of producing VQAHE in two-dimensional ferromagnetic van der Waals germanene/MnI2 heterostructure. This heterostructure exhibits both valley anomalous Hall effect and VQAHE due to the joint effects of magnetic exchange effect and spin–orbital coupling with the aid of anomalous Hall conductance and chiral edge state. Moreover interestingly, through the electrical modulation of ferroelectric polarization state in In2Se3, the germanene/MnI2/In2Se3 heterostructure can undergo reversible switching from a semiconductor to a metallic behavior. This work offers a guiding advancement for searching for VQAHE in ferromagnetic van der Waals heterostructures and exploiting energy-efficient devices based on the VQAHE.