bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE TRENDS AND CHALLENGESOF HOMOSEXUAL MARRIAGE IN INDIA
Authors: Ojha Pranav Anand , Sowmya Nimmala
Published: June 2024

In India, the Indian Constitution gives its citizens the power to lead a dignified life and the freedom to choose. If so, the Indian constitution should have given its citizens the freedom to choose their sexuality and act accordingly. But up until 2017, certain laws criminalized homosexuals for their expression of their sexual orientation. This paper is going to analyse the previous predicaments and current situation of homosexuals regarding marriage with respect to law and should homosexual marriage be allowed in India and if so, what changes can be proposed to accommodate homosexual marriage.
THE IMPACT OF GUT MICROBIOTA ON GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH: A REVIEW
Authors: G Priyaalini , M Rakeshwari
Published: June 2024

The gut microbiota, a dynamic and diverse population of microorganisms found in the human gastrointestinal system, has a major influence on the host during both homeostatic and disease states. One of the key determinants of how the gut microbiota changes throughout a person's lifetime is nutrition. A viable approach for managing digestive health may be based on the gut microbiome. As a person ages and is exposed to different environments, the composition of microbes changes accordingly. Eubiosis and dysbiosis are as crucial concepts for understanding their function in health and disease. The current knowledge about the human gastrointestinal microbiota and its impact on gut health, the role of diet on gut microbiota, and the role of microbiota epigenetics are vast.
MILLETS – A NEW GENERATION NUTRI-CEREAL
Authors: Gupta Manorama , D. Sridevi Dr.
Published: June 2024

Millets are a coarse cereal and is full of fibre and micro-nutrients. There are two types of millets world-wide, viz. major and minor millets. Millets can easily grow in arid climate and require minimal inputs. It is the most neglected grain worldwide despite having high nutritional values and fibre content. Millets are non-acid forming and gluten free grains. Due to the high nutritional values, millets provide protection against many non-communicable diseases diabetes, cardio vascular disease, obesity, cancer etc. Since millets are gluten free, they are suitable for celiac disease or gluten enteropathy. It is important to note that millets are also high on anti-nutritional factors which prevent or interfere the absorption of its nutrients. In order to improve the bio-availability of its nutrients, the millets should be processed. Millets need to be boiled, soaked, fermented, germinated, roasted etc. before consumption to improve the absorption of the nutrients inside the human body. Millets should be included at least once in a daily diet.
VERTICAL FARMING FOR FUTURE FOOD REQUIREMENT – PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: V. S Vidya , N Sushma , K Tilak , S. R Manasa
Published: June 2024

Under conditions of limited resources, vertical farming can feed the ever growing population, especially the urban population. The idea revolves around growing fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants, plants that produce fuel and other plant products in metropolitan areas and their sales directly within the cities, thereby reducing transportation costs while making better use of resources like water and land. Keeping these in view, vertical farming has come to the surface as a viable option. Even while vertical farming requires expensive initial installment, it uses considerably fewer resources to generate more food. Hydroponics, aeroponics and aquaponics are three different vertical farming techniques that force the idea of a location-specific urban agriculture system. However, it is one of the few solutions for addressing the problems caused by climate change.
FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESSING
Authors: Kashyap Pooja , Monika Jain Dr.
Published: June 2024

The book chapter titled "Food Technology and Processing" offers a comprehensive overview of the multidisciplinary field that encompasses the scientific concepts and innovative techniques employed in the transformation of raw agricultural materials into safe, nutritious, and appealing food products for consumption. It delves into the realms of scientific principles and innovations of food technology, elucidating its role in product development, safety measures, sensory evaluation, and quality control. These encompass methodologies such as thermal treatments, cold storage, and the judicious incorporation of additives, all aimed at sustaining flavor, quality, and safety. Simultaneously, the chapter explores food processing as a series of transformative steps: from the thorough cleansing and sorting of raw materials to the precision of cooking, mechanical manipulation, and eventual packaging, that collectively shape raw ingredients into a wide array of consumer-ready foods. Together, the domains of food technology and processing synergize to cater to contemporary demands for palatability, nutritional value, safety, and sustainability. This chapter presents a holistic view of their collaborative role, addressing challenges and capitalizing on opportunities within the dynamic landscape of the ever-evolving global food industry. In essence, it highlights the intricate balance between science, innovation, and the culinary arts in delivering the foods that nourish and delight us.
GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
Authors: Bapat Mrunal , Sheetal Sonawdekar Dr.
Published: June 2024

Genetics is a wide branch and a current research topic in science. Plant breeding uses more of techniques related to modification of genes to attain desired variety of plant. Therefore, genetics has wide application in plant breeding. Traditional breeding techniques took years for attaining the plant with desired traits. Still there were no 100% results obtained. The plant would still lack 1 or 2 desired traits. These traditional breeding processes were very time and cost consuming. However, to overcome this issue, advancements were much necessary to be made. New technologies in genetics were important to ensure satisfactory results in lesser time. Scientists have come up with genetic alterations which would help induce desired traits into the plant. This is done by various methods, one of them is gene editing technique. Technique of gene editing helped us in developing such a plant which would result in all the desired traits on it. This was a one of remarkable research. From agricultural perspective, speed breeding technology was a boon as it would help us obtain more yield of higher quality in lesser time. It enables us in providing nutrient rich food to larger population. This article focuses more upon such recently developed technologies in plant breeding which are of utmost importance in Agricultural as well Food industry.
NUTRIGENOMICS: PERSONALIZED NUTRITION FOR HEALTH AND SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Sheetal Sonawdekar Dr. , Katore Dhanaswi , Patil Minal , Pawar Sayali
Published: June 2024

The field of nutrigenomics, encompassing both agriculture engineering and food sciences, has emerged as a transformative approach with profound implications for personalized nutrition, health promotion, and sustainable food production. Nutrigenomics explores the intricate interplay between an individual's genetic makeup and their dietary intake, providing insights into how specific nutrients and bioactive compounds influence gene expression and health outcomes. This chapter delves into the multifaceted landscape of nutrigenomics, examining its potential to design personalized diets tailored to an individual's genetic profile. It explores the vital role of agriculture engineering in cultivating crops with specific nutritional qualities, aligning with personalized nutrition goals. Additionally, the chapter highlights the contributions of food sciences in developing functional foods that support personalized health requirements. Nutrigenomics not only holds the promise of optimizing health by preventing diet-related chronic diseases but also extends its impact to sustainable food production. By integrating nutrigenomics insights, agriculture engineers can support resource-efficient farming practices, producing crops that contribute to individual health and environmental sustainability. The chapter discusses the implications of personalized nutrition for weight management, chronic disease prevention, and healthy aging. It also addresses the potential challenges, including ethical considerations, data privacy, and equitable access to personalized nutrition services. The pursuit of personalized nutrition guided by nutrigenomics principles has the potential to revolutionize our approach to dietary recommendations, moving beyond a one-size-fits-all paradigm. It calls for the integration of genetic data, advances in technology, and collaboration across multiple disciplines to harness its full potential. As we navigate the complexities of personalized nutrition, it is crucial to consider cultural diversity, educate individuals and healthcare professionals, and establish clear regulatory guidelines.
FOOD STORAGE AND PRESERVATION
Authors: Dhama Kajal , Luxita Sharma Dr.
Published: June 2024

Foods eaten for nutritional purposes are organic substances derived from the origin of plants and animals containing minerals, lipids, carbohydrates, moisture, and protein with different organic substances. In order to preserve food from spoilage it should be stored as the nutritional information on the label suggests to intact its physical, chemical, sensory, and microbiological characteristics in a given period of time. Preserving and processing food is an essential part to increase shelf life, quality maintaining, and good morphological conditions management so that taste will not be changed and humans can safely consume it. According to the shelf-life food is divided into 3 types perishable, semi-perishable, and nonperishable. Various reactions lead to the deterioration of the quality of food that includes chemical, physical, microbial, and enzymatic reactions. Spoilage due to these reactions that microorganisms caused can be avoided to a large extent by using various types of food preservative techniques that slow down the growth of microbes and prevent food from spoilage including canning, freezing, fermentation, drying, pasteurization, food irradiation, pulsed electric field, food additives, pickling, salting, heat treatment, and hurdle technology, etc. There are various factors that affect the food spoilage rate including microorganisms such as fungi & bacteria, storage temperature, pH, water availability, load of microbes, and the processing of food. There are 3 types of spoilage mechanisms that include physical spoilage such as temperature, moisture content, crystal growth & crystallization, and glass transition temperature and emulsion breakdown, Chemical spoilage such as oxidation, proteolysis, pectin hydrolysis, non-enzymatic browning, and hydrolytic rancidity, and Microbial spoilage by the various kinds of microorganisms that include moulds, bacteria, and yeasts along with the recent trends is explained in this chapter.
ROLE OF NUTRITION AND PRE-PROBIOTICS IN MENTAL HEALTH DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Sharma Dhananjay , Dhama Kajal , Luxita Sharma Dr.
Published: June 2024

The SARS-COV-2 epidemic recorded 78630 infections, and 2747 deaths in China so far and got spread to 46 other countries. 3664 cases have been reported as of February 27. As per the WHO, the outbreak has been declared a health threat globally. Until 5 April 2023 762201169 confirmed cases have been reported so far to the Who, which include 6889743 deaths. From January 32020 to April 12, 2023, India has reported 44768172 Covid 19 cases and 531000 deaths to the WHO so far. 22666424273 doses of vaccines have been administered as of April 10, 2023. The supplementation of probiotics helps in the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers due to their effect on increasing glutathione concentration, hydroxyl radicals, and scavenging superoxide and in adipocytes decreasing the gene expression of IL-6. The main purpose of the chapter is to summarise the latest information on the disease and the possible role of probiotics. A lot of research has been done on the nutrient’s powerful role such as omega 3 fatty acids, C, D, A, and other antioxidants. Pre-Probiotics too play an important role. Antioxidants and prebiotics create an environment in which bacteria are beneficial and the healing process can thrive. I was thus interested in finding the written review documents on the role of prebiotics in combating covid 19 and getting them incorporated into my research.
ANALYSING DEPLETION OF GROUND WATER IN AGRICULTURE THROUGH EFFECTIVE POLICIES AND SUSTAINABLE OPTIONS- AN ECONOMICCASE STUDY
Authors: Vamsi Krishna S. , K Ravi Raj
Published: June 2024

Natural resources are the cornerstone for fulfilling the needs of life on earth perpetuating generations since times immemorial. They have been utilized by various life forms ever since their inception and particularly mankind has found the most use. With the passage of time and the enhancement of knowledge and experience, resource usage is proliferating which can lead to problems like overexploitation, that effects such as pollution and environmental degradation, etc. It also poses a threat to future generations who might have to compete with the increasing global population for resources. In the case of the agricultural sector, the most widely used natural resource is groundwater resource which is a predominant source of irrigation. In most of the countries, groundwater exploitation had become very rampant and hence legislations were brought to regulate its usage and conserve it for generations to come. India is the largest consumer of groundwater in the world and it faces challenges ahead. Hence this paper outlines the scenario of the existing groundwater resources in the global and Indian context and focused mainly on the policy options to conserve and sustain the water resources that bears of changing climate situations.
ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION: CORAL REEF AND SEAGRASS
Authors: Chhaba Bhagchand , Gangan Neha D. , Goud Ediga Arun , Kachave Vikram , Aitwar V. S.
Published: June 2024

Restoration of ecosystems is becoming an increasingly essential aspect of tropical and subtropical marine conservation. Seagrass and coral reefs provide a variety of ecological facilities, including nursery habitat, better water quality condition, coastline protection, and carbon sequestration. Ecological restoration is receiving more attention as a conservation tactic, hence methods to improve restoration success must be explored. Impacts of human activity pose a danger to seagrass, coral reef and the vital ecological services they provide worldwide. To create an environment in which restoration activities are likely to be successful, proper conservation management is necessary before the start of restoration operations. In order to address the fast changes and loss brought on due to climate change and numerous directly human-related impacts, restoration must be seen as a crucial element of our ecosystems long-term viability.
A REVIEW ON ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF MANGROVES
Authors: P Sedyaaw , J. M Koli , S Kawade
Published: June 2024

One of the most prolific ecosystems in the world, mangroves are currently under threat. They provide a wide range of goods and services, some of which are directly valuable but typically come with several benefits that are obvious yet indirect benefits. Mangroves, which are found in the intertidal zones of the tropics and subtropics, are one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world. These are beneficiary for coastal communities economically and environmentally. They safeguarded people and property from storm surges, hurricanes, cyclones, and tsunamis by conserving coastal flora and animals. Anthropogenic activity was the main reason responsible for the degradation of the mangrove environment in India which was developed due to the anthropogenic activity like utilisation of mangrove wetland for the purpose of aquaculture. The world has lost a significant amount of land due to the indiscriminate and exploitative manner in which its resources are extracted. Mangroves are vital bio-resources for the coastal ecosystem and are of utmost importance. Mangroves are fast disappearing as a result of more-exploitation, over-agriculture, aquaculture, tourism, and urban growth. The current review's major goal is to determine the condition and trends of the mangrove ecosystem in India as well as the reasons behind its recovery and customary preservation of mangroves in coastal areas.
A REVIEW ON NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS OF FISH ON HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: P Sedyaaw , J. M Koli , R. K Sadawarte , S. S Sawant , V. V Vishwasrao
Published: June 2024

Due to its tremendous nutritional value, fish is one of the most significant foods in the human diet. A class of PUFAs, in particular omega-3 and omega-6, which help prevent thrombosis and atherosclerosis, are well-known to be found in fish. These fatty acids have properties that are anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmic, anti-hypertensive, and protective against coronary heart disease. Fish contains almost all of the minerals that our bodies require. Minerals found in fish include iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), phosphorus (P), selenium (Se), fluorine (F), and iodine (I). Due to their high bioavailability, these minerals are easily absorbed by the body. Chronic disease is greatly influenced by dietary practises, particularly those associated with metabolic and endocrine disorders. Fish, a dietary group, contains many vital nutrients that are necessary for the metabolism and hormone function, including omega-3 fatty acids, iodine, selenium, vitamin D, taurine, and carnitine. Fish is also rich in protein and often has a low calorie density. It has been extensively studied how these nutrients affect cardiovascular risk, but it hasn't always been clear how important fish is for overall endocrine and metabolic health. Only a small portion of the numerous mechanisms that mediate these effects have been found. It is true that a low background fish consumption is linked to greater prospective benefits for the bulk of these consequences. Current facts on the value of fish in human nutrition and the positive impact of essential fatty acids on human health are also discussed in this review.
CONSTIPATION - A DIFFERENT APPROACH
Authors: Rao Dr. M. Someswara , Veena Dr. Gade
Published: June 2024

Constipation is a common condition a doctor encounters in their day-to-day clinical practice. Due to multiple definitions, the incidence of constipation differs in different studies and is generally higher than the published data. It affects our daily activities and can cause an imbalance in our personal and professional life. In this chapter, a new classification and staging system for constipation is proposed. Staging is essential to assess the severity of this condition. A modified management algorithm has also been proposed. The various effects of constipation are preventable provided a regular bowel habit is maintained. This condition apart from awareness also requires administrative support from the government for improving the toilets, sanitation, and water supply to every region of the country.
ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
Authors: Bhatt Dipal
Published: June 2024

Zoonotic tuberculosis, caused primarily by Mycobacterium bovis and occasionally Mycobacterium caprae and other non-tuberculous mycobacteria, is an intricate and multifaceted public health concern. The disease primarily affects livestock such as cattle, goats, and buffalo, which serve as reservoirs for the bacterium, leading to the potential for human infection through direct or indirect contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated animal products. This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of zoonotic tuberculosis, covering its historical context, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control strategies.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ORAL HEALTH CARE
Authors: Jain Dr. Varnit , Goel Dr. Vidushi
Published: June 2024

In medical science, AI has become an indispensable tool in diagnostic precision, leveraging its ability to analyze complex medical images with unprecedented accuracy. Radiologists and clinicians benefit from AI's keen eye in spotting subtle abnormalities in X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans, leading to early disease detection and more precise treatment planning. AI's predictive analytics harnesses vast patient datasets, enabling personalized medicine by predicting disease risks, optimizing treatment responses, and contributing to drug discovery. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is utilized to extract valuable insights from medical records and research papers, facilitating data-driven decision-making. These advancements culminate in the emergence of personalized medicine, where AI tailors treatment strategies to the individual, ushering in a new era of more targeted and effective therapies. In the realm of dentistry, AI plays a pivotal role in enhancing diagnosis, treatment, and patient engagement. Image analysis powered by AI elevates the interpretation of dental images, enabling early detection of oral diseases and precise treatment planning. AI-driven treatment simulations empower patients to visualize outcomes, leading to greater confidence and satisfaction. Remote monitoring facilitated by AI devices ensures real-time dental health data, promoting timely interventions. Patient engagement is enriched through AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants, offering information, appointment scheduling, and post-treatment guidance. Additionally, AI extends its capabilities to forensic dentistry, assisting in the identification of individuals based on dental records and bite mark analysis in forensic investigations.
AN OVERVIEW OF ANAESTHESIA CLASSIFICATION & ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Durga Dr. B. , Harinipriya S , Sabitha R Siva
Published: June 2024

Jaundice is characterized by yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes due to hyperbilirubinemia, usually detectable clinically when the plasma bilirubin exceeds 50 μmol/l (3 mg/dl).
DALK OR MALISH (MASSAGE THERAPY): APPLICATION AND BENEFITS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNANI REGIMENAL THERAPY
Authors: Afsahul Kalam Mohd , Ara Irfat , Ameen Rafeeqi Towseef
Published: June 2024

Regimenal therapy is a type of treatment which is given in the form of various regimes which have been utilized for preventive as well as therapeutic measures for thousands years back by ancient Unani physicians.
RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH WITH AGNISARA DHOUTI ON BEGINNERS AND ADVANCE YOGA PRACTITIONERS
Authors: Garai Mr. Bikram , Eraballi Dr. Amaravathi , Ranjan Singh Mr. Sudhir
Published: June 2024

Agnisara Kriya is one of the shat kriya of yoga practices. The technique is, isotonic contraction and relaxation of abdominal muscles creating passive stretch for diaphragm during breath holding. The understanding and performance of such multi-tasking is difficult for the beginners’ and may lead to muscle catch or early fatigue or anaerobic injury if not practiced properly. Immediate changes like muscle catch, pain or intense tiredness can be recorded to make out the practitioner is beginner or advance. So, the minimum information like, physiological changes soon after the practice such as rise in heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, etc help to understand the internal health. Any physical practice by an advance yoga practitioners will be able to perform better than beginners. But, because of intense mitochondrial workload and circulation imbalances created, the physical, physiological and immune changes may lead to drastic damage. Hence, there is need to grade the performance for beginners and advance students separately. There is inadequate information on the methodology of Agnisara dhouti kriya practice. Present study focused on the division of teaching technique for beginners and advance practitioners to avoid over usage of organs and their progressive injury.
EFFECT OF MAHA-MRITYUNJAY MANTRA AND YOGIC BREATHING ON MINDFULNESS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Chakma Mr. Apu
Published: June 2024

The study aimed to investigate the effect of Mahamrityunjay Mantra and Yogic breathing on mindfulness among university students in Bolpur. The objectives were to study the effect of each intervention separately on mindfulness based on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ).
A REVIEW STUDY ON COLON TARGETING: TARGETING APPROACHES AND POLYMERS
Authors: Lanjhiyana S.K. , Panwar Bhupendra , Kumar Jain Sanmati , Lanjhiyana Sweety , Gupta Sakshi
Published: June 2024

The objective of this research was to explore the potential of a drug delivery system targeted specifically for the colon. Colon-targeted delivery has become increasingly significant, whether for delivering drugs intended for local action within the colon or for transporting proteins and peptides to this site. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract presents numerous barriers that necessitate protecting the drug from the conditions of the upper GI tract. This protection can be achieved through the utilization of various biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers. This study primarily concentrates on strategies for colon targeting and the application of polymers for the development of drug formulations.
EXPERIMENTAL ESTIMATION OF MINIMUM FLUIDIZATION VELOCITY FOR SILICA SAND BED AND ITS THEORETICAL VERIFICATION
Authors: Prasad S Vishnu , Lal P Lenin , S Sathish , S Supriya
Published: June 2024

In this report experimental estimation of minimum fluidisation velocity, carryover velocity, and pressure drop across the experimental setup for silica sand of different sizes (0.0003m, 0.0004m, 0.0005m) has been done. An experimental setup consisting of two glass column in which one filled with silica sand of bed height 30cm has been used. The medium used for the fluidisation was air at ambient conditions .The pressure drop and air flow rates were measured using pressure gauges at inlet and outlet of the column and rota meter respectively. The velocity (Air flow rate/cross sectional area) of the air passed was slowly increased. The corresponding pressure gauge readings were noted. At a certain velocity, the bed height of 30 cm height was observed to be increasing. This velocity at which maximum pressure drop was obtained was noted as the minimum fluidization velocity. The velocity was further increased to up to the silica sand getting carried over to the next column. This velocity has been noted as carry over velocity. The experiment was repeated for above mentioned particle sizes to obtain the same parameters. Theoretical validations of the above parameters were done using four correlations to examine which correlation is more or less matching with the experimental results.
REVIEW ON CHITOSAN/COPPER COMPOSITES AS POTENTIAL BIOCOMPOSITES FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Gopinadhan Anjaly , Shelly Meril , Cherian Tom
Published: June 2024

Chitosan copper composites are a novel class of materials created by combining copper nanoparticles with chitosan, a biodegradable polymer derived from chitin. This composite synergizes the remarkable properties of both constituents, offering a wide array of potential applications. Chitosan contributes its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatile binding capabilities, while copper nanoparticles add antimicrobial, electrical, and catalytic properties. This composite's synthesis methods, including solution blending and in-situ reduction, are detailed, highlighting their influence on final properties. As an innovative convergence of biopolymers and nanomaterials, chitosan copper composites present a promising avenue for developing advanced materials with diverse applications.
FUTURISTIC ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HUMAN ANATOMY
Authors: Sharma Dr. Ankit , Devi Dr. Priya , Kumar Dr. Navneet
Published: June 2024

We all are in an era of high technological advancement. Over the past few years, there has been a surge in the popularity of artificial intelligence (AI). This technology harnesses machine learning models to store, compute, analyse, and even enhance vast volumes of data for retrieval as needed. Concurrently, AI machines can be programmed for deep learning, continually enhancing their efficiency through intricate neural networks. AI is highly evolutionary and powerful tool if we direct it in the right path with the right mindset, and guiding students at level 1 of medical curriculum should be the key to future exploratory skill advancement. There are nearly abundant articles about human anatomical variations and case studies with rarity, considerable literature exists on the application of AI in clinical environments, such as radiology, However, as far as we know, there is a lack of published data regarding the utilization of AI for teaching, learning, and assessment in the field of anatomy. With the help of AI we can learn, discuss it with time efficient and hight accurate data collection. This will eventually reflect in the result through better patient care and less chances of surgical errors.
RECENT INTRACANAL MEDICAMENTS IN ROOT CANAL TREATMENT
Authors: Dahiya Dr. Surya , Chhabra Dr. Swati , Virdy Dr. Simran
Published: June 2024

The role of bacteria in root canal system infection has been repeatedly demonstrated over time. The root canals and periapical tissues contain a variety of kinds of bacteria, including aerobic, facultative anaerobes, and anaerobic bacteria. In order for endodontic therapy to be successful, the microbial burden must be kept to a minimum and must not be allowed to recolonize the canal system. The thorough application of irrigants and intracanal medications is essential to the disinfection process. In between appointments, intracanal medications effectively remove pathogens. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend the aspects that influence an intracanal medication's effect as well as the factors that assist in selecting the appropriate one based on the case.
A STRATERGIC APPROACH TO ENDODONTIC DIAGNOSIS WITH BASIC AND ADVANCED TRENDS
Authors: Gupta Dr. Anshu , Kukreja Dr. Navneet , Thakur Dr. Anamika
Published: June 2024

A cautious evaluation of patient’s clinical symptoms as well as dental pathosis is a key to manifest a sound endodontic diagnosis. The intention of diagnosis is to consider the problem the patient is having and the reason of that problem. The diagnostic tests in endodontic are used to govern the pulp condition in teeth affected by caries, trauma or other kind of insult. In this chapter a systematic diagnostic process involving history taking, clinical and radiographic examination, recent methods for establishing pulp status, including electric/thermal pulp testing, or methods for measuring pulpal blood circulation are discussed with basic and advanced approaches. Unquestionably, accurate treatment begins with accurate diagnosis.
MRI RELAXOMETRY: APPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: S Ms. Deepega
Published: June 2024

The quantitative nature of MRI has created a lot of interest in the field. The increased sensitivity combined with the reduced subjective nature of visual assessment significantly affected the diagnosis of tissue abnormality. Conventional MR imaging is qualitative and subject to interpretation. The signal intensity of conventional MR images is affected by several contrast mechanisms that are controlled by MR equipment and software. The term quantitative relaxometry is used to describe the measurement of biological parameters, such as T1 and T2, which reflect the tissue environment in the local area and are typically expressed as absolute units. Additionally, quantitative relaxometry provides an impartial metric for the comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Furthermore, quantitative relaxometry leverages the relationship between MRI maps and physiologic parameters to offer a non-invasive substitute for biopsies and histology. This study outlines some potential clinical applications for quantitative relaxometry, such as T2/T2* mapping. Additionally, it outlines the methods and difficulties associated with obtaining precise and accurate quantitative MR maps.
CONVERGING STORMS: EXPLORING THE COMPLEX INTERPLAY BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: G Dr. Deepiga
Published: June 2024

In the modern period, the complex relationship between climate change and public health has arisen as a crucial concern. This abstract provides a concise summary of the key ideas discussed in this book chapter, "Converging Storms: Exploring the Complex Interplay between Climate Change and Public Health." Climate change, which is caused by human activities that emit greenhouse gases, offers numerous problems to global public health. Temperature increases, catastrophic weather events, changing disease patterns, and disruptions to food and water systems can have far-reaching consequences. [1] This chapter dives into the connections between climate change and public health, highlighting the importance of tackling these issues as soon as possible. The chapter opens by explaining climate change mechanisms, such as the greenhouse effect and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The chapter then delves into the direct impact on physical health, focusing on heat-related disorders, cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, infectious diseases, and the function of climate in exacerbating these problems.[2] The section on vector-borne diseases investigates how changing climate conditions impact the distribution and transmission of diseases carried by vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. Malaria, dengue fever, and other diseases highlight the intricate interplay between climate, vectors, and infections. [3] Food and water security is an important issue discussed in this chapter, as shifting climate patterns disrupt agricultural systems, reduce crop yields, and cause water scarcity. Nutrition, livelihoods, and vulnerable people are all discussed. Mental health and well-being emerge as critical factors. Natural disasters, displacement, and environmental degradation caused by climate change all contribute to psychological distress, emphasizing the importance of the need to address these often-overlooked impacts. Mitigation and adaptation strategies are critical for tackling these issues. The chapter discusses techniques for lowering greenhouse gas emissions by using renewable energy, sustainable land use, and lowering one's carbon footprint. [4] Climate-resilient infrastructure, water resource management, and healthcare system readiness are examples of adaptation measures. Finally, this abstract summarizes the chapter's investigation of the complex relationship between climate change and public health. Understanding these dynamics, taking preventive measures, and developing global co-operation can help societies build a more resilient and sustainable future that protects the health and well-being of all.
THE MULTITUDE OF IRISIN’S ESSENCE IN THE BODY
Authors: Devi Dr. Oinam Prabita , Devi Dr. Wahengbam Diana
Published: June 2024

Irisin is a new peptide, discovered by Bostrom and his colleagues in 2012. It is a fragment of a membrane protein known as ﬁbronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). The name ‘irisin’ is given to emphasize its role as a messenger, produced mainly from muscle (skeletal) and adipose tissue and acts on various parts of the body. This peptide is of major interest because of its therapeutic potential in various diseases. Some important aspects of the action and uses of irisin are discussed here, including its relation with the various physiological and pathological conditions of the body. Although upcoming and current research on irisin seems promising, further elaborate exploration is necessary to elucidate its full potential as a reliable therapeutic agent in prevention and treatment of many diseases.
CURRENT SCENARIO OF OBESITY
Authors: D Mrs. Anitha.
Published: June 2024

A common metabolic condition brought on by host-environmental interactions is obesity. The financial burden on obese persons is great. There are numerous types of therapeutic and preventive solutions that are highly desired. The majority of these drugs are, however, pricey and temporary. Additional pathological and therapeutic studies are badly needed to treat this particular sort of energy disruption, glucose homeostasis, and adipose dysfunction. Genetic, molecular, physiological, behavioral, environmental, and therapeutic techniques are all currently being used to totally adapt the human body to be in good form. The excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat or adipose tissue that may be detrimental to health is referred to as obesity. Over the past 50 years, the obesity epidemic has gotten worse. An estimated $100 billion is the yearly financial burden that the US bears. There are several etiologies for obesity, making it a complex condition. After smoking, it is the second most common preventable cause of death. This exercise examines the etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, and problems related to obesity with a focus on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to management.
FEMORAL MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION STUDY - A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR EARLY DETECTION OF DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
Authors: Silvester Andrew John
Published: June 2024

The Femoral Motor Nerve Conduction study proves to be a highly sensitive test for detecting both clinical and subclinical neuropathies in individuals with diabetes. This chapter focuses on comparing the conduction of the femoral motor nerve conduction method and its abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients. Abnormalities in femoral nerve conduction have been observed in diabetic individuals. The chapter highlights the potential utility of incorporating femoral nerve conduction studies as a routine examination alongside electrophysiological testing to enhance the sensitivity of diagnosing Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in those with diabetes mellitus.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DRY EYE STATUS IN NORMAL HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL AND TYPE-II DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Selvaraj Mrs. Vennila , Charumathi. B A. , Iyyamma Mrs.B. , Anbunilavan Mr.
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The current study's goal is to use the Schirmer's strip to assess the dry eye state in people with Type II diabetes mellitus and in otherwise healthy people. Objective: to investigate the frequency of ocular surface diseases associated with dry eyes and diabetes in both healthy individuals and those without the condition. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Aarupadai Veedu Medical College to assess the dry eye status in a total of 175 patients with diabetes mellitus (88 male and 87 female), as well as 175 healthy individuals who presented with ocular discomfort and had a history of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Dry eye symptoms were evaluated through a questionnaire and classified based on their severity. Dry eye conditions were suspected based on historical factors such as ocular discomfort, redness, blurred vision, gritty sensations, and other discomfort that improved with blinking. The evaluation for dry eye was performed using the Schirmer's test. Results: The occurrence of dry eye among diabetes patients was observed in 51% (177 cases), while it was noted in 24.85% (87 cases) of normal, healthy individuals. The majority of the study participants fell within the age bracket of 31-80 years. Although dry eye syndrome was more prevalent in older individuals and among females, there was a notable association between age, gender, and the duration of diabetes.
EMERGING TRENDS IN DENTAL PHARMACOLOGY: NOVEL DRUG DEVELOPMENTS AND ADVANCEMENTS IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR DENTAL PAIN MANAGEMENT
Authors: K Dr. Vijayareka
Published: June 2024

The field of dental pharmacology has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, offering promising solutions to enhance dental pain management and patient care. This chapter explores the latest emerging trends in dental pharmacology, focusing on novel drug developments and advancements in drug delivery systems tailored to improve the efficacy, safety, and patient experience in dental pain management. Firstly, we delve into the realm of novel drug developments for dental pain management. Traditionally, the armamentarium of dental analgesics has relied on local anesthetics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids. However, researchers and pharmaceutical companies have intensified their efforts to identify and develop new compounds specifically targeting dental pain. These novel drugs aim to provide more targeted and potent analgesia while minimizing potential side effects and adverse reactions. We review the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical trials of these innovative compounds, highlighting their potential benefits and applications in dental practice. Secondly, we explore the exciting advancements in drug delivery systems for dental applications. Conventional methods of drug administration, such as injectables and oral tablets, have their limitations, particularly in terms of patient comfort and compliance. The emergence of advanced drug delivery systems seeks to overcome these challenges. Among these systems are intraoral patches, gels, and films that facilitate controlled and sustained release of analgesics directly to the site of pain. We assess the efficacy and safety of these delivery methods and discuss their potential to revolutionize dental pain management by providing localized and long-lasting pain relief. Throughout this chapter, we emphasize the importance of evidence-based practice and the need for rigorous clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of these emerging dental pharmacological approaches. Moreover, we acknowledge the significance of personalized patient care, as individual variations in pain perception and response to medications necessitate tailored treatment plans. In conclusion, the field of dental pharmacology is experiencing a remarkable transformation, characterized by the introduction of novel drugs and innovative drug delivery systems. The integration of these emerging trends into dental practice holds great promise for improving pain management outcomes, optimizing patient comfort, and advancing the overall standard of care in dentistry. Dentists and oral health professionals should stay informed about these developments to make well-informed decisions in tailoring treatment plans that align with the unique needs of their patients. However, while these advancements offer exciting opportunities, it is essential to remain vigilant in balancing the benefits and potential risks to ensure the utmost safety and well-being of patients.
CAPACITATED LOT-SIZING USING CONSUMER FOOT-PRINT
Authors: Amir Dr. Mohd , Lahri Dr. Vijay
Published: June 2024

Human beings need to reduce greenhouse gas emission in order to mitigate global warning and related environmental impacts. Nonetheless, output management has rarely taken this problem into consideration, sometime contributing to organization actions that are environmentally unsustainable. This paper exhibits a great deal estimating cluster improvement model for a stochastic specially make generation condition under the carbon emanation exchanging instrument—as of now the best market-based carbon discharge controlling framework, with a mean to boost the long-haul maintainable premiums of corporate proprietors, understood as the investor riches. To all the more intently mirror this present reality producing condition, the proposed model receives general disseminations, rather than ridiculous hypothetical suspicions, for irregular factors. We apply the model to research the effects of the carbon outflow exchanging instrument on investor riches and test its supporting ability against a progression of hazard factors. The scientific outcomes furnish experiences into creation improvement with carbon impression the board. The Capacitated Part Measuring Issue with Stochastic Arrangement Times and Additional Time (CLSP-SSTO) is examined in this research. We present a scientific model that accounts for both projected additional time costs (associated with the abundance use of limit) and standard expenses (counting creation, arrangement, and stock holding costs). A stochastic programming problem with two organizes is described as the CLSP-SSTO. When the arrangement timings follow a Gamma conveyance, a way is suggested to exactly process the usual additional time for the supplied arrangement and generation plan. To obtain upper limits and a factual lower limitation, an example normal guess technique is used. The presentation of two more heuristics is then benchmarked using this. Changing the limit in the deterministic partner is the basis for the first heuristic, while the next heuristic altered the arrangement time artificially. We provide thorough assessments to assess each heuristic's presentation and base our computational analyses on well-known problem scenarios.
EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF BLOCKCHAIN ON HRM IN INDUSTRY 4.0
Authors: Nasir Dr. Mohd , Ahmad Dr. Anwar
Published: June 2024

The advent of blockchain technology initially devised to support cryptocurrencies, has emerged as a revolutionary influence spanning multiple sectors. This research paper explores into the potential ramifications of blockchain on the practices of Human Resource Management (HRM) in Nigeria, underscoring its effects on efficiency, openness, security, and employee involvement. Through its provision of a decentralized and unalterable ledger, blockchain presents remedies for persistent predicaments within HRM. Prior investigations have revealed that integrating blockchain technology in enterprises can yield more dependable and streamlined procedures in diverse operational domains, together with human resource management. This evaluation examines how HR departments are integrating blockchain technology, using the perspective of transaction cost economics theory to identify several key factors that lead to increased transaction costs for organizations. These factors encompass limited rationality, the ever-present potential for opportunistic conduct, and unpredictability. The study explores how deploying blockchain, including smart contracts, can alleviate these hurdles. Furthermore, this article pinpoints certain constraints related to utilizing blockchain and smart contracts that could potentially escalate transaction expenses, thus curtailing the anticipated savings in transaction costs.
INTRODUCTION TO BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Almas Shaik Mulla , Khan Pathan Mahamood , K. Kavitha Dr.
Published: June 2024

The "Introduction to Blockchain Technology" chapter offers a thorough rundown of the fundamental ideas and ideas that underpin blockchain technology. Being a disruptive breakthrough that has broad repercussions for many different industries, professionals, researchers, and fans alike must grasp the foundations of blockchain technology. The fundamental elements of blockchain technology are analyzed, emphasizing the distributed and decentralized character of the ledger. We demystify the cryptographic techniques used to safeguard transactions and preserve the blockchain's integrity, illuminating how consensus processes uphold trust in a context devoid of trust. The chapter also explores blockchain network types, differentiating between public and private blockchains. Examined are real-world use cases from a variety of industries, including supply chain, healthcare, and banking, to show the broad range of uses and revolutionary potential of blockchain technology.