bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in early stages of language development. Some evidence and possible explanations
Authors: Rinaldi Pasquale , Pasqualetti Patrizio , Volterra Virginia , Caselli Maria Cristina
Published: July 2021

It is a common feeling that girls speak earlier than boys; however, whether or not there are gender differences in early language acquisition remains controversial. The present paper aims to review the research on gender effects in early language acquisition and development, to determine whether, and from which age, an advantage for girls does eventually emerge. The focus is on the production of actions and communicative gestures, and early lexical comprehension and production, by girls and boys. The data from various studies that were conducted with direct and indirect tools suggest that some gender differences in actions, gesture, and lexical development depend on the interactions of different factors. Studies differ in terms of age ranges, sample sizes, and tools used, and the girl advantage is often slight and/or not evident at all ages considered. Statistical significance for gender differences appears to depend on the greater individual variability among boys, with respect to girls, which results in a greater number of boys classified as children with poor verbal ability. Biological (e.g., different maturational rates), neuropsychological (e.g., different cognitive strategies in solving tasks), and cultural (e.g., differences in the way parents relate socially to boys and girls) factors appear to interact, to create feedback loops of mutual reinforcement.
Tracing anti‐osteoporosis components from raw and salt‐processed semen of Cuscuta chinensis by employing a biochemometrics strategy that integrates ultrasonic‐assisted extraction, quantitation, efficacy assessment in zebrafish, and grey relationship analysis
Authors: Tao Yi , Chen Lin , Pan Meiling , Zhu Fei , Yan Jizhong
Published: July 2021

Semen of Cuscuta chinensis has been reported to have an anti‐osteoporosis effect, however, the components which account for the anti‐osteoporosis effect have not been clarified. In this work we propose a biochemometrics strategy that integrates quantitation, anti‐osteoporosis evaluation in zebrafish, and grey relationship analysis for the identification of anti‐osteoporosis components from the semen of Cuscuta chinensis. In the beginning, a precise and accurate liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was established for simultaneous quantitation of seven major components in crude and salt‐processed Cuscuta chinensis. The mode of multiple reaction monitoring was used. Chloramphenicol was selected as the internal standard. The method showed good linearity and repeatability. The recovery rates of each component ranged from 95.4 to 103.9%. The precisions of intra‐day and inter‐day were all within 5.0%. The method was then applied for quantitation of the seven major components in 11 batches of crude and salt‐processed Cuscuta chinensis. Subsequently, the anti‐osteoporosis effects of crude and salt‐processed Cuscuta chinensis were evaluated in zebrafish. Principle component analysis, grey relationship analysis, and partial least squares regression were applied for deciphering the relationship between the contents of seven major components and the anti‐osteoporosis effects. Hyperin, p‐hydroxycinnamic acid, and astragalin were found to be the major anti‐osteoporosis components.
Chiral Photonic Circuits for Deterministic Spin Transfer
Authors: Xiao Shan , Wu Shiyao , Xie Xin , Yang Jingnan , Wei Wenqi , Shi Shushu , Song Feilong , Dang Jianchen , Sun Sibai , Yang Longlong , Wang Yunuan , Yan Sai , Zuo Zhanchun , Wang Ting , Zhang Jianjun , Jin Kuijuan , Xu Xiulai
Published: July 2021

Chiral quantum optics has attracted considerable interest in the field of quantum information science. Exploiting the spin‐polarization properties of quantum emitters and engineering rational photonic nanostructures has made it possible to transform information from spin to path encoding. Here, compact chiral photonic circuits with deterministic circularly polarized chiral routing and beamsplitting are demonstrated using two laterally adjacent waveguides coupled with quantum dots. Chiral routing arises from the electromagnetic field chirality in waveguide, and beamsplitting is obtained via the evanescent field coupling. The spin‐ and position‐dependent directional spontaneous emission are achieved by spatially selective micro‐photoluminescence measurements, with a chiral contrast of up to 0.84 in the chiral photonic circuits. This makes a significant advancement for broadening the application scenarios of chiral quantum optics and developing scalable quantum photonic networks.
Mechanical Properties of Single‐Layer Diamond Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposites through Atomistic Simulation
Authors: Li Chengkai , Zhang Zheyi , Zhan Haifei , Zheng Zhuoqun , Bai Jingshuai , Gu Yuantong
Published: July 2021

Low‐dimensional carbon nanostructures are ideal nanofillers to reinforce the mechanical performance of polymer nanocomposites due to their excellent mechanical properties. Through molecular dynamics simulations, the mechanical performance of poly(vinyl alchohol) (PVA) nanocomposites reinforced with a single‐layer diamond – diamane is investigated. It is found the PVA/diamane exhibits similar interfacial strengths and pull‐out characteristics with the PVA/bilayer‐graphene counterpart. Specifically, when the nanofiller is fully embedded in the nanocomposite, it is unable to deform simultaneously with the PVA matrix due to the weak interfacial load transfer efficiency, thus the enhancement effect is not significant. In comparison, diamane can effectively promote the tensile properties of the nanocomposite when it has a laminated structure as it deforms simultaneously with the matrix. With this configuration, the interlayer sp3 bonds endows diamane with a much higher resistance under compression and shear tests, thus the nanocomposite can reach very high compressive and shear stress. Overall, enhancement on the mechanical interlocking at the interface as triggered by surface functionalization is only effective for the fully embedded nanofiller. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the mechanical properties of PVA nanocomposites reinforced by diamane, which can shed lights on the design and preparation of next generation high‐performance nanocomposites.
High Elongation and Transparent Nacre‐Inspired PVA/MMT Nanocomposites
Authors: Mu Zhongcheng , Wu Shufan , Huang Xiaobin , Zhang Wei , Yi Jiyuan , Jiang Ningjing
Published: July 2021

Currently, high strength nacre‐inspired PVA/MMT (polyvinyl alcohol/montmorillonite) nanocomposites with high MMT nanofiller content (50–70 wt%) have been constructed successfully. However, this seriously sacrifices the elongation and reduces the corresponding transparency. In this paper, high elongation and transparent PVA/MMT nanocomposites with high MMT content are prepared by the evaporation‐induced assembly with the introduction of the micro‐crosslinking. Results demonstrate that the micro‐crosslinking can inhibit the formation of rod‐shaped arrays, and contribute to a more ordered layered microstructure, where an elongation of 76.2% in 47.8 wt% MMT content nanocomposites is gained, nearly 19 times of that of non‐crosslinked nanocomposites (ultimate strain is 4.1%). This provides a potential approach for compromise between high strength and excellent elongation at the same MMT content. Moreover, disappearance of rod‐shaped arrays and resultant ordered layered microstructure make eventual films more transparent.
A modified variable‐order fractional SIR model to predict the spread of COVID‐19 in India
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Mehra Mani , Gulyani Samarth
Published: July 2021

The first case of COVID‐19 in India detected on January 30, 2020, after its emergence in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The lockdown was imposed as anemergency measure by the Indian government to prevent the spread of COVID‐19 but gradually eased out due to its vast economic consequences. Just 15 days after the relaxation of lockdown restrictions, Delhi became India's worst city in terms of COVID‐19 cases. In this paper, we propose a variable‐order fractional SIR (susceptible, infected, removed) model at state‐level scale. We introduce a algorithm that uses the differential evolution algorithm in combination with Adam–Bashforth–Moulton method to learn the parameters in a system of variable‐order fractional SIR model. The model can predict the confirm COVID‐19 cases in India considering the effects of nationwide lockdown and the possible estimate of the number of infliction inactive cases after the removal of lockdown on June 1, 2020. A new parameter p is introduced in the classical SIR model representing the fraction of infected people that get tested and are thereby quarantined. The COVID‐19 trajectory in Delhi, as per our model, predicts the slowing down of the spread between January and February 2021, touching a peak of around 5 lakh confirmed cases.
Post‐traumatic disorder symptom severity in the perspective of hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology spectra and dysfunctional personality domains among trauma‐exposed community‐dwelling women
Authors: Somma Antonella , Krueger Robert F. , Markon Kristian E. , Gialdi Giulia , Boscaro Linda , Fossati Andrea
Published: July 2021

To assess the relationships between post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) components, Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) spectra, and dysfunctional personality domains, the Post‐Traumatic Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5); the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5‐Brief Form+ (PID‐5BF+); and self‐report measures of HiTOP Internalizing, Thought Disorders, and Externalizing spectra were administered to 387 trauma‐exposed Italian community‐dwelling women. Before structural equation modeling (SEM), measurement components of models were assessed using confirmatory factor analyses. Both taxometric and Gaussian mixture analysis results were consistent with a dimensional representation of the PCL‐5 scores. SEM results showed that PTSD components, at least as they were operationalized by the PCL‐5 scores, were positively, significantly, and substantially associated with HiTOP Internalizing and Thought Disorder Spectra latent dimensions, as well as with Negative Affectivity, Detachment, and Psychoticism personality domains.
Surface properties of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the effect of their infestation on the surface properties of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) hosts
Authors: Lu Zhongli , Gao Yuxia , Zhang Chenhui , Bao Zhenping , Wang Wenzhong , Lin Jianbin , Du Fengpei
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

The wettability of the target surfaces affects the wetting and deposition of pesticides on them. The properties of leaf surfaces change after infestation by Tetranychus urticae Koch. Studying the surface wettability of T. urticae and the changes in leaf wettability after infestation is important to guide the use of acaricides.

RESULTS

The body surface of T. urticae is an ellipsoidal crown covered with dense cuticle striations and hairs arranged in different directions, which makes the surface of T. urticae rough and hydrophobic. The abaxial surfaces of the leaves are rougher and more hydrophobic than the adaxial surfaces. After infestation by T. urticae, the faded spots were sunken on the adaxial surface and raised on the abaxial surface, where they had formed new wide peaks and valleys. The adaxial surface became obviously rougher and more hydrophobic, while the roughness of the abaxial surface became slightly larger, and the change in hydrophobicity was not obvious. The contact angles of the studied commercial acaricide on these surfaces were greater than 65° and were affected by the infestation. Reducing the surface tension can allow for better wetting of these surfaces and eliminate changes in leaf wettability.

CONCLUSION

The surfaces of kidney bean leaves became more hydrophobic after infestation by T. urticae with hydrophobic surface. The wettability of the acaricide solution should be adjusted according to the changes in leaf wettability. This study has important theoretical guiding significance for improving effective deposition of acaricide.
An event‐triggered integer‐mixed adaptive dynamic programming for switched nonlinear systems with bounded inputs
Authors: Han Xiumei , Qin Haiqin , Wang Zhitao , Xu Ning , Zhao Xudong , Zhao Jinfeng
Published: July 2021

This paper studies the optimal event‐triggered control for constrained‐input discrete‐time switched nonlinear systems. Firstly, the optimal time‐triggered control problem is analyzed based on the necessary optimality condition. Secondly, the optimal event‐triggered control problem is presented, and the optimal results are presented based on the periodic time‐triggered ones, and an event‐triggered integer‐mixed adaptive dynamic programming algorithm is put forward to obtain the optimal results. The proposed algorithm is only executed at trigger instants, which decreases the execution times compared with the periodic time‐triggered algorithm, and the neural networks are applied to approximate the control input and costate vector functions of each subsystem based on the triggered states. Thirdly, an event‐triggered condition is designed to make the closed‐loop switched system asymptotically stable. Fourthly, it is shown that during the iteration process, the value function sequence corresponding to the costate vector converges to the optimal value function. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.
Solid Solution Metal Chalcogenides for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: The Recent Advances as Anodes
Authors: Deng Wentao , Chen Jun , Yang Li , Liang Xinxing , Yin Shouyi , Deng Xinglan , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: July 2021

The sodium‐ion battery (SIB) has attracted ever growing attention as a promising alternative of the lithium‐ion battery (LIB). Constructing appropriate anode materials is critical for speeding up the application of SIB. This review aims at guiding anode design from the material's perspective, and specifically focusing on solid solution metal chalcogenide anode. The sodium ion storage mechanisms of a solid solution metal chalcogenide anode is overviewed on basis of the elements it is composed of, and discusses how the solid solution character alters the electrochemical performances through diffusion and surface‐controlled processes. In addition, by classifying solid solution metal chalcogenide as cation and anion, their recent applications are updated, and understanding the roles of guest elements in improving the electrochemical behaviors of a solid solution metal chalcogenide is carried out. After that, discussion of possible strategies to further optimize these anode materials in the future, flowing from crystal structure design to morphology control and finally to the intimacy improvement between conductive matrix and solid solution metal chalcogenide are also provided.
Polarized Electroluminescence Emission in High‐Performance Quantum Rod Light‐Emitting Diodes via the Langmuir‐Blodgett Technique
Authors: Rhee Seunghyun , Jung Dongju , Kim Dahin , Lee Doh C. , Lee Changhee , Roh Jeongkyun
Published: July 2021

Due to their anisotropic structure, quantum rods (QRs) feature unique properties that differ from quantum dots, such as suppression of non‐radiative Auger recombination and linearly polarized light emission. Despite many potential advantages, the progress of QR‐based light‐emitting diodes (QR‐LEDs) is left behind due to the difficulty in aligning QRs. In this study, polarized electroluminescence emission is reported in high‐performance QR‐LEDs by employing the Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) technique. The adoption of the LB technique successfully produces a highly dense and smooth QR film with a high degree of alignment. As a result, the aligned QR films exhibit polarized photoluminescence emission with a degree of linear polarization of 2.1. Advantageous features of the LB technique, such as nondestructiveness, precise thickness control, and the nonnecessity of an additional matrix material, allow to fabricate QR‐LEDs with the same procedure as the standard spin coating‐based scheme. The device is fabricated via the LB technique, which shows excellent device performance, such as the low turn‐on voltage of 1.8 V, peak luminance of 56 287 cd m−2, and peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.33%. Furthermore, these devices clearly exhibit an indication of polarized electroluminescence emission, which opens new opportunities for QRs in display technologies.
An integrated morpho‐molecular study of Salicornia (Amaranthaceae‐Chenopodiaceae) in Iran proves Irano‐Turanian region the major center of diversity of annual glasswort species
Authors: Chatrenoor Targol , Akhani Hossein
Published: July 2021

Salicornia (Chenopodiaceae) with ca. 25–30 annual, hyperhalophytic succulent species is a taxonomically difficult sub‐cosmopolitan genus. The taxonomic complexity arose from succulent shoots causing a lack of taxonomically useful characters, scarcity and variability of characters, and poor genetic differentiation. The Irano‐Turanian region, a major center for several lineages of chenopod diversification, is also an important diversity center and more likely the center of origin of annual Salicornia. This paper presents long‐term comprehensive morpho‐molecular and cytological studies of the genus in Iran, as the most species‐rich country in the Irano‐Turanian region. We originally generated 250 sequences of one nuclear (ETS) and two plastid markers (atpB‐rbcL spacer, intron rpl16). We analyzed a global ETS dataset including 257 sequences of putative 28 taxa using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analysis. In order to evaluate the application of plastid data in species taxonomy in annual Salicornia, we performed numerical morphological analysis (principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering) of 186 Iranian accessions using 18 characters. Our results (1) confirm the efficiency of plastid sequences comparing to ETS sequences for clarifying species‐level phylogeny of Salicornia; (2) identify the S. persica clade as a monophyletic Irano‐Turanian endemic lineage; (3) recognize nine origins of the Irano‐Turanian Salicornia based on nuclear ETS sequences; (4) approve the monophyly of tetraploid species using plastid sequences; (5) provide a synopsis and diagnostic key for 10 Iranian taxa of Salicornia; (6) describe S. turanica sp. nov.; (7) classify S. iranica at infraspecific level (S. iranica subsp. iranica, S. iranica subsp. rudshurensis comb. nov., S. iranica subsp. sinus‐persica comb. & stat. nov.); (8) suggest three informal taxa to be studied in the future; and (9) discuss the threatened status of Salicornia‐dominated ecosystems in Iran.
Quadratic-in-spin Hamiltonian at $$ \mathcal{O} $$(G2) from scattering amplitudes
Authors: Kosmopoulos Dimitrios , Luna Andres
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We obtain the quadratic-in-spin terms of the conservative Hamiltonian describing the interactions of a binary of spinning bodies in General Relativity through $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(G2) and to all orders in velocity. Our calculation extends a recently-introduced framework based on scattering amplitudes and effective field theory to consider non-minimal coupling of the spinning objects to gravity. At the order that we consider, we establish the validity of the formula proposed in [1] that relates the impulse and spin kick in a scattering event to the eikonal phase.
Leading jets and energy loss
Authors: Neill Duff , Ringer Felix , Sato Nobuo
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The formation and evolution of leading jets can be described by jet functions which satisfy non-linear DGLAP-type evolution equations. Different than for inclusive jets, the leading jet functions constitute normalized probability densities for the leading jet to carry a longitudinal momentum fraction relative to the initial fragmenting parton. We present a parton shower algorithm which allows for the calculation of leading-jet cross sections where logarithms of the jet radius and threshold logarithms are resummed to next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL′) accuracy. By calculating the mean of the leading jet distribution, we are able to quantify the average out-of-jet radiation, the so-called jet energy loss. When an additional reference scale is measured, we are able to determine the energy loss of leading jets at the cross section level which is identical to parton energy loss at leading-logarithmic accuracy. We identify several suitable cross sections for an extraction of the jet energy loss and we present numerical results for leading subjets at the LHC. In addition, we consider hemisphere and event-wide leading jets in electron-positron annihilation similar to measurements performed at LEP. Besides the average energy loss, we also consider its variance and other statistical quantities such as the KL divergence which quantifies the difference between quark and gluon jet energy loss. We expect that our results will be particularly relevant for quantifying the energy loss of quark and gluon jets that propagate through hot or cold nuclear matter.
Penisphlegmone als Differenzialdiagnose zur Kindsmisshandlung
Authors: Opp J. , Brüning T. , Banaschak S. , Brokmeier U.
Published: July 2021

In der Notaufnahme wurde ein 14 Monate alter Säugling mit einer lividen Schwellung des Penis vorgestellt, die wie ein Hämatom imponierte. Da die anamnestischen Angaben keine plausible Erklärung für einen möglichen Unfallhergang lieferten, bestand zunächst der Verdacht auf eine nichtakzidentelle Verletzung. Auch die Sozialanamnese bot Hinweise in diese Richtung.

Als Ursache der Schwellung und Verfärbung stellte sich dann eine Penisphlegmone heraus, die mittels i.v.-antibiotischer Therapie rasch erfolgreich behandelt werden konnte.
Existence, Comparison, and Convergence Results for a Class of Elliptic Hemivariational Inequalities
Authors: Gariboldi Claudia M. , Migórski Stanisław , Ochal Anna , Tarzia Domingo A.
Published: July 2021

In this paper we study a class of elliptic boundary hemivariational inequalities which originates in the steady-state heat conduction problem with nonmonotone multivalued subdifferential boundary condition on a portion of the boundary described by the Clarke generalized gradient of a locally Lipschitz function. First, we prove a new existence result for the inequality employing the theory of pseudomonotone operators. Next, we give a result on comparison of solutions, and provide sufficient conditions that guarantee the asymptotic behavior of solution, when the heat transfer coefficient tends to infinity. Further, we show a result on the continuous dependence of solution on the internal energy and heat flux. Finally, some examples of convex and nonconvex potentials illustrate our hypotheses.
A feasibility analysis of the ArcBlate MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound system for the ablation of uterine fibroids
Authors: Wang Chin-Jung , Lin Gigin , Huang Yi-Ting , Weng Cindy Hsuan , Wu Kai-Yun , Su Yu-Ying , Lin Yu-Shan , Mak Kit-Sum
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Uterine fibroids are benign gynecologic tumors and commonly occur in women by the age of 50. Women with symptomatic uterine fibroids generally receive surgical intervention, while they do not favor the invasive therapies. To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) modality, ArcBlate, in the treatment of uterine fibroids.

Methods

Nine patients with uterine fibroids and one patient with adenomyosis were treated with ArcBlate MRgHIFU. Tumor size and quality of life were evaluated postoperatively at 1 and 3 months by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), respectively.

Results

All patients completed the ArcBlate MRgHIFU procedure and there were no treatment-related adverse effects either during the procedure or during the 3 months of follow-up. Despite limiting the ablation volume to under 50% of the treated fibroid volume as a safety precaution, tumor volumes were markedly reduced in four patients by 15.78–58.87% at 3-month post-treatment. Moreover, SF-36 scale scores had improved at 3 months from baseline by 2–8 points in six patients, indicating relief of symptoms and improved quality of life.

Conclusion

This study evidence demonstrates the safety and feasibility of ArcBlate MRgHIFU and suggests its potential for treating uterine fibroids.
Multicriteria asset allocation in practice
Authors: Dächert Kerstin , Grindel Ria , Leoff Elisabeth , Mahnkopp Jonas , Schirra Florian , Wenzel Jörg
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we consider the strategic asset allocation of an insurance company. This task can be seen as a special case of portfolio optimization. In the 1950s, Markowitz proposed to formulate portfolio optimization as a bicriteria optimization problem considering risk and return as objectives. However, recent developments in the field of insurance require four and more objectives to be considered, among them the so-called solvency ratio that stems from the Solvency II directive of the European Union issued in 2009. Moreover, the distance to the current portfolio plays an important role. While the literature on portfolio optimization with three objectives is already scarce, applications in the financial context with four and more objectives have not yet been solved so far by multi-objective approaches based on scalarizations. However, recent algorithmic improvements in the field of exact multi-objective methods allow the incorporation of many objectives and the generation of well-spread representations within few iterations. We describe the implementation of such an algorithm for a strategic asset allocation with four objective functions and demonstrate its usefulness for the practitioner. Our approach is in operative use in a German insurance company. Our partners report a significant improvement in their decision-making process since, due to the proper integration of the new objectives, the software proposes portfolios of much better quality than before within short running time.
The mechanisms involved in the resistance of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells to palbociclib are multiple and change over time
Authors: Ono Mayu , Oba Takaaki , Shibata Tomohiro , Ito Ken-ichi
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of advanced estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. To develop a treatment strategy for cancers resistant to CDK4/6 inhibitors, here, we established palbociclib-resistant sublines and analyzed their resistance mechanisms.

Methods

Palbociclib-resistant sublines were established from T47D and MCF7 cells. Sensitivity to other drugs was assessed via the WST assay. Altered expression/phosphorylation of proteins related to signal transduction and cell cycle regulation was examined using western blotting. Copy number alterations and mutations in the retinoblastoma (RB1) gene were also analyzed.

Results

Although an increase in CDK6 and decrease in retinoblastoma protein (Rb) expression/phosphorylation were commonly observed in the resistant sublines, changes in other cell cycle-related proteins were heterogeneous. Upon extended exposure to palbociclib, the expression/phosphorylation of these proteins became altered, and the long-term removal of palbociclib did not restore the Rb expression/phosphorylation patterns. Consistently a copy number decrease, as well as RB1 mutations were detected. Moreover, although the resistant sublines exhibited cross-resistance to abemaciclib, their response to dinaciclib was the same as that of wild-type cells. Of note, the cell line exhibiting increased mTOR phosphorylation also showed a higher sensitivity to everolimus. However, the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents was unchanged in palbociclib-resistant sublines.

Conclusion

ER-positive breast cancer cells use multiple molecular mechanisms to survive in the presence of palbociclib, suggesting that targeting activated proteins may be an effective strategy to overcome resistance. Additionally, palbociclib monotherapy induces mutations and copy number alterations in the RB1 gene.
Evolution of diagenetic conditions and burial history in Buntsandstein Gp. fractured sandstones (Upper Rhine Graben) from in-situ δ18O of quartz and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of K-feldspar overgrowths
Authors: Bossennec Claire , Géraud Yves , Böcker Johannes , Klug Bernd , Mattioni Luca , Sizun Jean-Pierre , Sudo Masafumi , Moretti Isabelle
Published: July 2021

In-situ δ18O measured in the quartz overgrowths help identify temperature and fluid origin variations responsible for cementation of the pore network (matrix and fracture) in the Buntsandstein Gp. sandstone reservoirs within the Upper Rhine Graben. The overgrowths record two types of the evolution of δ18O: 1) a monotonous decrease of the δ18Oovergrowth interpreted as linked to an increasing burial temperature and 2) random fluctuations, interpreted as pointing out the injection of allochthonous fluids in faulted areas, on the cementation processes of the pore network (both intergranular and fracture planes). Fluids causing the quartz cementation are either autochthonous buffered in 18O from clay illitisation; or allochthonous fluids of meteoric origin with δ18O below − 5%. These allochthonous fluids are in thermal disequilibrium with the host sandstone. The measured signal of δ18Oovergrowth measured from samples and calculated curves testing hypothetic δ18Ofluid are compared to T–t evolution during burial. This modelling proposes the initiation of quartz cementation during the Jurassic and is validated by the in-situ 40Ar/39Ar dating results obtained on the feldspar overgrowths predating quartz overgrowths. A similar diagenetic history is recorded on the graben shoulders and in the buried parts of the basin. Here, the beginning of the pore network cementation predates the structuration in blocks of the basin before the Cenozoic graben opening.
Application of quinoline derivatives in third-generation photovoltaics
Authors: Lewinska Gabriela , Sanetra Jerzy , Marszalek Konstanty W.
Published: July 2021

Among many chemical compounds synthesized for third-generation photovoltaic applications, quinoline derivatives have recently gained popularity. This work reviews the latest developments in the quinoline derivatives (metal complexes) for applications in the photovoltaic cells. Their properties for photovoltaic applications are detailed: absorption spectra, energy levels, and other achievements presented by the authors. We have also outlined various methods for testing the compounds for application. Finally, we present the implementation of quinoline derivatives in photovoltaic cells. Their architecture and design are described, and also, the performance for polymer solar cells and dye-synthesized solar cells was highlighted. We have described their performance and characteristics. We have also pointed out other, non-photovoltaic applications for quinoline derivatives. It has been demonstrated and described that quinoline derivatives are good materials for the emission layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and are also used in transistors. The compounds are also being considered as materials for biomedical applications.
Cassava mosaic disease and its management in Southeast Asia
Authors: Uke Ayaka , Tokunaga Hiroki , Utsumi Yoshinori , Vu Nguyen Anh , Nhan Pham Thi , Srean Pao , Hy Nguyen Huu , Ham Le Huy , Lopez-Lavalle Luis Augusto Becerra , Ishitani Manabu , Hung Nguyen , Tuan Le Ngoc , Van Hong Nguyen , Huy Ngo Quang , Hoat Trinh Xuan , Takasu Keiji , Seki Motoaki , Ugaki Masashi
Published: July 2021

Key message

Status of the current outbreak of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Southeast Asia was reviewed. Healthy cassava seed production and dissemination systems have been established in Vietnam and Cambodia, along with integrated disease and pest management systems, to combat the outbreak.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important edible crops in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, invasive insect pests and diseases have resulted in serious losses to cassava in Southeast Asia. In this review we discuss the current outbreak of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by the Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) in Southeast Asia, and summarize similarities between SLCMV and other cassava mosaic begomoviruses. A SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development) project “Development and dissemination of sustainable production systems based on invasive pest management of cassava in Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand”, was launched in 2016, which has been funded by The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan. The objectives of SATREPS were to establish healthy seed production and dissemination systems for cassava in south Vietnam and Cambodia, and to develop management systems for plant diseases and insect pests of cassava. To achieve these goals, model systems of healthy seed production in Vietnam and Cambodia have been developed incorporating CMD-resistant planting materials through international networks with The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).
Endocrine risk factors for COVID-19: Endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoid excess
Authors: Vogel Frederick , Reincke Martin
Published: July 2021

Patients with endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid (GC) excess exhibit a range of side effects, including an increased risk of infections. Via both mechanism, immune impairments and cardiometabolic concomitant diseases, patients with GC excess could be at increased risk for COVID-19. The impact on incidence and outcome of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population are not yet completely clear. This review aims to compile the data available to date and to discuss the existing literature on this topic. Further we highlight potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as the influence of endogenous or exogenous GC excess on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. There is growing evidence suggesting an increased risk of infection and severe outcome in patients with high-dose GC therapy after contracting SARS-CoV-2. The few data and case reports on patients with endogenous GC excess and SARS-CoV-2 infection point in a similar direction: chronic GC excess seems to be associated with an unfavorable course of COVID-19. Whether this is mainly a primary immune-mediated effect, or also triggered by the many GC-associated comorbidities in this population, is not yet fully understood. Patients with endogenous or exogenous GC excess should be considered as a vulnerable group during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Regardless of the cause, vaccination and consistent surveillance and control of associated comorbidities are recommended.
Learning from machine learning: prediction of age-related athletic performance decline trajectories
Authors: Hoog Antink Christoph , Braczynski Anne K. , Ganse Bergita
Published: July 2021

Factors that determine individual age-related decline rates in physical performance are poorly understood and prediction poses a challenge. Linear and quadratic regression models are usually applied, but often show high prediction errors for individual athletes. Machine learning approaches may deliver more accurate predictions and help to identify factors that determine performance decline rates. We hypothesized that it is possible to predict the performance development of a master athlete from a single measurement, that prediction by a machine learning approach is superior to prediction by the average decline curve or an individually shifted decline curve, and that athletes with a higher starting performance show a slower performance decline than those with a lower performance. The machine learning approach was implemented using a multilayer neuronal network. Results showed that performance prediction from a single measurement is possible and that the prediction by a machine learning approach was superior to the other models. The estimated performance decline rate was highest in athletes with a high starting performance and a low starting age, as well as in those with a low starting performance and high starting age, while the lowest decline rate was found for athletes with a high starting performance and a high starting age. Machine learning was superior and predicted trajectories with significantly lower prediction errors compared to conventional approaches. New insights into factors determining decline trajectories were identified by visualization of the model outputs. Machine learning models may be useful in revealing unknown factors that determine the age-related performance decline.
Genetic structure and diversity of the mustard hill coral Porites astreoides along the Florida Keys reef tract
Authors: Gallery Dominique N. , Green Michelle L. , Kuffner Ilsa B. , Lenz Elizabeth A. , Toth Lauren T.
Published: July 2021

Increases in local and global stressors have led to major declines in coral populations throughout the western Atlantic. While abundances of other species have declined, however, the relative abundance of the mustard hill coral,Porites astreoides, has increased.Porites astreoidesis relatively resilient to some stressors, and because of its mixed reproductive strategies, its populations often recover quickly following disturbances. The ability forP. astreoidesto continue as a potential “winner” in western Atlantic reefs relies on maintaining sufficient genetic variation within populations to support acclimatization and adaptation to current and future environmental change. Without high genetic diversity and gene flow within the population, it would have limited capacity for adaptation and the species’ competitive advantages could be short-lived. In this study, we determined the genetic relatedness of 37P. astreoidescolonies at four shallow reefs along the offshore Florida Keys Reef Tract (FKRT), a region particularly hard-hit by recent disturbances. Using previously designed microsatellite markers, we determined the genetic diversity and connectivity of individuals among and between sites. Our results suggest that the FKRT likely contains a single, well-mixed genetic population ofP. astreoides, with high levels of gene flow and evidence for larval migration throughout the region. This suggests that regional populations ofP. astreoideslikely have a higher chance of maintaining resilience than many other western Atlantic species as they face current and future disturbances.
Contribution of traditional fermented foods to food systems transformation: value addition and inclusive entrepreneurship
Authors: Materia Valentina C , Linnemann Anita R , Smid Eddy J , Schoustra Sijmen E
Published: July 2021

To date, many efforts to eradicate hunger include increasing agricultural production, processing of raw materials and supplementation, and fortification of foods. Locally produced foods represent a significant part of Food Systems as they contribute to tackling hunger and malnutrition. However, few studies have investigated the processing of traditional fermented foods at household level as a means to improve nutrition and triggering inclusive entrepreneurship, two crucial dimensions Food Systems build on. Fermentation is an ancient processing technique that relies on transformation of raw materials by microbial activity and is mainly undertaken by women. This paper posits that upscaling small scale fermented food processing activities while enhancing functional food properties and fostering women entrepreneurship contributes to prevention of food losses, promotion of nutrition and health, and entrepreneurial opportunities for current processors. This is key for effective policy interventions to foster food security in challenging contexts.⨪.
Soziodemografische Herkunft, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und Studienwahlmotive von Studierenden der Sozialen Arbeit – Anregungen und Hinweise für die Ausgestaltung der Förderung der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung in der Hochschulausbildung
Authors: Pulver Caroline , Matti Thomas
Published: July 2021

Persönlichkeitsentwicklung in der Sozialen Arbeit ist ein zentrales Thema. Für eine gezielte Förderung der Entwicklung im Rahmen des Studiums ist ein besseres Verständnis, wer sich für ein Studium in Sozialer Arbeit entscheidet und welche Vorerfahrungen diese Studierenden mitbringen, notwendig. Diese Überlegungen markieren auch den Beginn der Verlaufsstudie der Berner Fachhochschule (BFH), aus welcher im folgenden Artikel erste Ergebnisse präsentiert werden.

Im Vordergrund der ersten Teilstudie, der als Kohorten- und Panelstudie konzipierten Verlaufsstudie, stehen Fragen zur soziokulturellen Herkunft, zum Bildungshintergrund, zu Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und zur Motivation des Studienentscheids der Studierenden.

Aus den gewonnenen Daten lassen sich verschiedene Themen herauslesen, die für die Persönlichkeitsentwicklung an der Hochschule voraussetzungsvoll sind: Der Studiengang Soziale Arbeit ist auffällig geschlechtersegregiert. Zudem deuten die schulische Vorbildung der Studierenden und der Bildungshintergrund der Eltern auf eine starke Berufsorientierung hin (im Gegensatz zu einer stark akademischen Orientierung), was für die Planung der Lernstrategien und -erfahrungen an der Hochschule wichtig ist. Ausgehend von den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen der Studierenden können Fähigkeiten und Stärken von Studierenden detektiert werden und als Einstiegs- oder Anschlusspunkt für die weitere Persönlichkeitsentwicklung genutzt werden. Die Studienwahlmotive von Studierenden hängen immer auch mit Lebenserfahrungen und Lebensrealitäten zusammen. Die Motivation sich zu entwickeln, ist bereits Bestandteil der Studienwahlmotivation und kann für eine tragfähige Persönlichkeitsentwicklung nutzbar gemacht werden.
Prostate Cancer Ultrasound: Is Still a Valid Tool?
Authors: Carpagnano F. A. , Eusebi L. , Carriero S. , Giannubilo W. , Bartelli F. , Guglielmi G.
Published: July 2021

Purpose of Review

The main purpose of this paper review is to highlight the latest ultrasound (US) imaging technologies of the prostate gland, an organ increasingly at the center of attention in the field of oncological diseases of the male sex, which needs a 360° evaluation in order to obtain tailored therapeutic planning. Specialist urological evaluation is designated for this purpose, together with integrated prostate imaging which currently tends to focus more and more on the use of US imaging and its state-of-the-art technologies in iconographic diagnosis, biopsy and, sometimes, treatment of prostatic cancer.

Recent Findings

In particular, the main tools to which reference is made, represent a valid aid to basic US technologies already widely known and diffused, like the grayscale US or the Doppler US, for a "multiparametric" evaluation of the prostate cancer. The concept of multiparametricity is explained by the integration of prostate imaging obtained both with the US evaluation of the gland before and after administration of contrast medium, with the elaboration of parametric maps of quantitative measurement of the enhancement, and with elastography that provides information about the tissue consistency, a finding that strongly relates with the degree of cellularity and with the tumor grading.

Prostate cancer screening consists of dosing serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and performing digit-rectal examination (DRE), more or less associated with transrectal prostate ultrasound (TRUS). However, although these are the most common techniques in clinical practice, they have numerous limitations and make the diagnosis of prostate cancer often challenging. The purpose of mp-US is to enrich the clinical-laboratory data and, above all, the standard US imaging with further details to strengthen the suspicion of malignancy of a prostate tumor, which needs to be addressed to diagnostic deepening with biopsy. This review article provides a summary of the current evidence on mp-US imaging in the evaluation of a clinically significant prostate cancer, comparing the data obtained to the imaging of mp-MRI, the reference tool both in diagnosis and staging.
Diagnostic and Classification Considerations Related to Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder and Problematic Pornography Use
Authors: Antons Stephanie , Brand Matthias
Published: July 2021

Purpose of Review

There are ongoing debates about specific features of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) relating to classification and diagnoses. We aim to address current discussions relating to potential subtypes of CSBD, the aspect of compulsivity in CSBD, and the aspect of moral incongruence and CSBD.

Recent Findings

CSBD includes multiple specific sexual behaviors that might be related to specific psychological processes. Problematic pornography use may be considered a subtype of CSBD, which may have multiple parallels with addictive behaviors. The feature of compulsivity in CSBD may be different from compulsivity in other disorders and may be differently involved in early versus later stages of CSBD. Moral incongruence is important to consider in the context of CSBD, although moral disapproval is not a general exclusion criterion for diagnosing CSBD.

Considering the current debates of specific features of CSBD, future research and clinical practice may benefit from a trans-diagnostic approach to contribute to a more fine-grained understanding of the multiple facets of CSBD.
A Review on Metal- and Metal Oxide-Based Nanozymes: Properties, Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors: Liu Qianwen , Zhang Amin , Wang Ruhao , Zhang Qian , Cui Daxiang
Published: July 2021

Since the ferromagnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were firstly reported to exert enzyme-like activity in 2007, extensive research progress in nanozymes has been made with deep investigation of diverse nanozymes and rapid development of related nanotechnologies. As promising alternatives for natural enzymes, nanozymes have broadened the way toward clinical medicine, food safety, environmental monitoring, and chemical production. The past decade has witnessed the rapid development of metal- and metal oxide-based nanozymes owing to their remarkable physicochemical properties in parallel with low cost, high stability, and easy storage. It is widely known that the deep study of catalytic activities and mechanism sheds significant influence on the applications of nanozymes. This review digs into the characteristics and intrinsic properties of metal- and metal oxide-based nanozymes, especially emphasizing their catalytic mechanism and recent applications in biological analysis, relieving inflammation, antibacterial, and cancer therapy. We also conclude the present challenges and provide insights into the future research of nanozymes constituted of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials.
Partizipation als Veränderung
Authors: Büker Petra , Hüpping Birgit , Zala-Mezö Enikö
Published: July 2021

Der Diskussionsbeitrag problematisiert auf Basis internationaler Forschungsarbeiten sowie unter Einbezug von empirischen Studien der Verfasserinnen das Spannungsfeld konfligierender Ansprüche bei der Umsetzung von Partizipation in Grundschule und partizipationsorientierter Schulforschung. Mithilfe des Analysemodells von Pearce und Wood (2019) werden Partizipationspraxen in Schule und Forschung anhand der Kategorien Dialog, Inklusivität, Intergenerationalität und Transgression geprüft. Dabei werden für beide Systeme „Blinde Flecke“ identifiziert, die insbesondere dann entstehen, wenn die transformatorischen Effekte von Partizipation außer Acht bleiben. Gerade hierüber braucht es einen offenen, reflexiven Dialog zwischen Akteurinnen und Akteuren aus Grundschule und Forschung.