bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gas phase hydrodynamics in a surface-aerated tank with a long-short blades agitator
Authors: Wu Yongjun , Wang Jian , You Pan , Luo Peicheng
Published: September 2021

This work aims to study the gas phase hydrodynamics in a stirred tank
with a surface-aerated long-short blades agitator by the
Eulerian‒Eulerian approach coupled with population balance model.
Predicted local gas holdup and bubble size distribution agree well with
those measured by a conductivity probe technique. The predictions
demonstrate that the pressure depression in the center is the main
driving force for gas suction and the downward flow carries the bubbles
down to redistribute in the whole tank. The gas phase has higher gas
holdup with large bubble size in the upper part and lower gas holdup but
with small bubble size in the lower part of the tank. The predicted
gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients agree well with our previous
experimental results and just depends on the power consumption per unit
volume when the aspect ratio of the liquid height to the tank diameter
varies from 1.1 to 2.0.
Computational Fluid Dynamics of Heat Transfer in Stirred Tank Reactors
Authors: Moholkar Chaitanya , Gharat Punit , Vitankar Vivek , Mathpati Channamallikarjun , Joshi Jyeshtharaj
Published: September 2021

In the present work, computational fluid dynamics study of stirred tanks
of three sizes (20L, 400L and 5000L) provided with helical coils has
been carried out. Various design parameters (impeller diameter, type and
clearance) and operational parameters (Reynolds Number and Power per
unit volume) have been varied and their effect on process side heat
transfer coefficient has been studied. CFD model is validated with
experimental work of Cummings and West[9] and in house
experimentation. Design settings of D/T=0.5, C/T=0.33 for PBTD450
resulted in maximum heat transfer (5440 W/m2K for P/V=1000 W/m3). For
constant RPM and constant D/T (Constant Reynolds Number), Increasing the
power number of impeller increased process side HTC at the cost of
increased power requirement (decreasing efficiency). In such cases,
proper selection of impeller system needs to be made based on the
requirements of heat removal and optimizing parameters such as product
yield, product quality etc.
High species richness turnover of vascular epiphytes is associated with water availability along the elevation gradient of Volcán Maderas, Nicaragua
Authors: Berrios Hazel , Coronado Indiana , Marsico Travis
Published: September 2021

Research that has been conducted documenting species richness patterns
on tropical mountains has resulted in conflicting observations:
monotonic declines with increasing elevation, monotonic increase with
increasing elevation, and a mid-elevation ‘bulge.’ Currently, it is
unclear if these differences are due to environmental differences
associated with the various study areas, the taxonomic groups or
ecological groups (e.g., growth form) sampled, or the scale of the study
area along an elevation gradient. Because of the difficulty in sampling
and identifying canopy-dwelling plants, the number of inventories
quantifying tropical epiphytes is relatively limited and recent. In this
study, we provide a detailed qualitative and quantitative assessment of
the vascular epiphyte flora and its spatial distribution on Volcán
Maderas, Isla de Ometepe, Nicaragua, including weather and environmental
measurements along the entire elevation gradient of the volcano. We
sampled epiphytes in five distinct forest types associated with
increasing elevation as follows: dry forest, humid forest, wet forest,
cloud forest, and elfin forest Five weather stations were placed along
the elevation gradient for us to relate observed patterns to
environmental conditions. A hump-shaped species richness pattern was
detected for all vascular epiphytes at approximately 1000 m in elevation
(cloud forest), yet species abundance increased with increasing
elevation. In total we obtained 206 unique species identifications of
vascular epiphytes belonging to 26 families and 73 genera. The most
species-rich family was the Orchidaceae with 55 species for the entire
elevation gradient, followed by Bromeliaceae (29 species), Araceae (23),
Polypodiaceae (25), Dryopteridaceae (16), and Piperaceae (11), with all
other families respresented by fewer than 10 species each. We found that
richness patterns differ phylogenetically within epiphytes, possibly due
to different adaptive strategies, and species for the most part appear
to be narrowly distributed within specific habitat zones along the
elevation gradient.
Revisiting the influence of learning in predator functional response, how it can lead to shapes different from type III.
Authors: Bruzzone Octavio , Aguirre María , Hill Jorge , Virla Eduardo , Logarzo Guillermo
Published: September 2021

Abstract Predator/Parasitoid functional response is one of the main
tools used to study predation behaviour, and in assessing the potential
of biological control candidates. It is generally accepted that predator
learning in prey searching and manipulation can produce the appearance
of type III functional response. Holling proposed that in the presence
of alternative prey, at some point the predator would shift the
preferred prey, leading to the appearance of a sigmoid function that
characterized that functional response. This is supported by the analogy
between enzyme kinetics and functional response that Holling used as the
basis for developing this theory. However, after several decades,
sigmoidal functional responses appear in the absence of alternative prey
in most of the biological taxa studied. Here, we propose modelling the
effect of learning on the functional response by using the explicit
incorporation of learning curves in the parameters of the Holling
functional response, the attack rate (a), and the manipulation time (h).
We then study how the variation in the parameters of the learning curves
causes variations in the shape of the functional response curve. We
found that the functional response product of learning can be either
type I, II or III, depending on what parameters act on the organism, and
how much it can learn throughout the length of the study. Therefore the
presence of other types of curves should not be automatically associated
with the absence of learning. These results are important from an
ecological point of view because when type III functional response is
associated with learning, it is generally accepted that it can operate
as a stabilizing factor in population dynamics. Our results, to the
contrary, suggest that depending on how it acts, it may even be
destabilizing by generating the appearance of functional responses close
to type I.
Influence of environmental variables on macroinvertebrate community structure in Lianhuan Lake
Authors: Dou Qianming , Du Xue , Cong Yanfeng , Wang Le , Zhao Chen , Song Dan , Liu Hui , Huo Tangbin
Published: September 2021

The characteristics of macroinvertebrate community structure can
effectively reflect the health status of lake ecosystem and the quality
of the lake ecological environment. It is of great significance to
identify the limiting factors of macroinvertebrate community structure
for the maintenance of lake ecosystem health. In this study, the
community composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages and their
relationships with environmental variables in 13 small lakes within
Linhuan Lake was investigated. Self-organizing map, K-means clustering
analysis, principal component analysis, pearson correlation analysis,
and redundancy analysis were used to analyze the correlation and
variability between macroinvertebrates community index and environmental
factors. The results showed that the environmental variables (pH, total
phosphorus, nitrate, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity,
chemical oxygen demand, and ammonium) had a significant effect on the
classification of macroinvertebrate community. Molluscs were
significantly negatively correlated with pH and chlorophyll a, while
annelids and aquatic insects were significantly positively correlated
with chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen. Species richness and Shannon’s
diversity of macroinvertebrates were significantly negatively correlated
with total phosphorus while biomass of macroinvertebrates was
significantly negatively correlated with pH. High alkalinity
characteristics and eutrophication of the lake have a serious impact on
the macroinvertebrate community. Human interference and unreasonable
industrial and surface runoff from agricultural farms destroy the
ecological environment and affect the community structure of
macroinvertebrate. Thus, the improvement of the macroinvertebrate’s
community structure should be carried out by improving the Lianhuan Lake
watershed ecological environment and controlling watershed environmental
pollution.
Coinfection with a virus constrains within-host infection load but increases transmission potential of a highly virulent fungal plant pathogen
Authors: Susi Hanna , Sallinen Suvi , Laine Anna-Liisa
Published: September 2021

The trade-off between within-host infection load and transmission to new
hosts is predicted to constrain pathogen evolution, and to maintain
polymorphism in pathogen populations. The life-history stages and their
correlations that underpin infection development may change under
coinfection with other parasites as they compete for the same limited
host resources. Cross-kingdom interactions are common among pathogens in
both natural and cultivated systems yet their impact on disease ecology
and evolution are rarely studied. Host plant Plantago lanceolata is
naturally infected by both Phompopsis subordinaria, a seed killing
fungus, as well as Plantago lanceolata latent virus (PlLV) in the Åland
Islands, SW Finland. We performed an inoculation assay to test whether
coinfection with PlLV affects performance of two P. subordinaria
strains, and the correlation between within-host infection load and
transmission potential. The strains differed in the measured
life-history traits and their correlations. Moreover, we found that
under virus coinfection, within-host infection load of P. subordinaria
was lower but transmission potential was higher compared to strains
under single infection. The negative correlation between within-host
infection load and transmission potential detected under single
infection became positive under coinfection with PlLV. In wild
populations, within-host infection load was positively associated with
within-population disease prevalence. Jointly, our results suggest that
the trade-off between within-host infection load and transmission may be
strain specific, and that the pathogen life-history that underpin
epidemics may change depending on the diversity of infection, generating
variation in disease dynamics.
Robust estimates of cuticular conductance to water on a stomatous leaf surface
Authors: Tominaga Jun , Stinziano Joseph , Hanson David T.
Published: September 2021

In leaf gas exchange measurements, cuticular conductance to water
(g) is indistinguishable from and included in
stomatal conductance to water vapor (g). Here
we developed a simple technique to isolate g by
directly measuring leaf intercellular CO concentration
(C) along with gas exchange during
photosynthetic light induction. We derived stomatal conductance to
CO (g) from the
C independently of
g. Plotting g against
g during the early induction phase within
~10 min, we found a highly linear relationship with a
positive intercept. Assuming negligible cuticular CO
transport, complete stomatal closure occurs when
g=0. Then, we considered the residual
g (i.e., intercept) as
g. Indeed, these g
estimates succeeded in correcting the calculation. Our technique, owing
to its robustness and increased throughput, will allow for more rapid
screening of crops, more reliable gas exchange analysis, and more
accurate prediction of plant function under natural environmental
conditions.
High-throughput phenotyping-based QTL mapping reveals the genetic architecture of the salt stress tolerance of Brassica napus
Authors: Zhang Guofang , Zhou Jinzhi , Peng Yan , Tan Zengdong , Zhang Yuting , Zhao Hu , Liu Dongxu , Liu Xiao , Li Long , Yu Liangqian , Jin Cheng , Fang Shuai , Shi Jiawei , Geng Zengdong , Yang Shanjing , Chen Guoxing , Liu Kede , Yang Qingyong , Feng Hui , Guo Liang , Yang Wanneng
Published: September 2021

Salt stress is a major limiting factor that severely affects the
survival and growth of crops. It is important to understand the salt
tolerance ability of Brassica napus and explore the underlying related
genetic resources. We used a high-throughput phenotyping platform to
quantify 2,111 image-based traits (i-traits) of a natural population
under 3 different salt stress conditions and an intervarietal
substitution line (ISL) population under 9 different stress conditions
to monitor and evaluate the salt stress tolerance of B. napus over time.
We finally identified 928 high-quality i-traits associated with the salt
stress tolerance of B. napus. Moreover, we mapped the salt
stress-related loci in the natural population via a genome-wide
association study (GWAS) and performed a linkage analysis associated
with the ISL population, respectively. The results revealed 234
candidate genes associated with salt stress response, and two novel
candidate genes, BnCKX5 and BnERF3, were experimentally verified to
regulate the salt stress tolerance of B. napus. This study demonstrates
the feasibility of using high-throughput phenotyping-based QTL mapping
to accurately and comprehensively quantify i-traits associated with B.
napus. The mapped loci could be used for genomics-assisted breeding to
genetically improve the salt stress tolerance of B. napus.
The power of seaweeds as plant biostimulants to boost crop production under abiotic stress
Authors: Deolu-Ajayi Ayodeji , Meer Ingrid van der , Werf Adrie Van der , Karlova Rumyana
Published: September 2021

In order to meet increasing food demands in the future, we will need to
improve the current crop productivity. Abiotic stresses like drought and
salinity are major factors resulting in crop yield losses and soil
degradation worldwide. Recent studies suggest that seaweed-based
biostimulants could be a solution for this problem. Here we summarise
the current findings of using these biostimulants and highlight current
knowledge gaps. Seaweed extracts were shown to enhance nutrient uptake
and improve growth performance in crops under stressed and normal
conditions. Seaweed extracts contain phytohormones, polysaccharides,
polyphenols, lipids, amino acids and proteins. Although it has been
shown that some of these compounds are active and have growth-promoting
properties on plants, their underlying molecular mechanism of action and
optimal applications especially in crops exposed to abiotic stress
remains understudied. Seaweed extracts were shown to also improve
protein content of crops and contribute to a healthy soil by
facilitating water retention, soil aeration and nutrient availability,
thereby promoting plant growth. In this paper we review the role of
these extracts and their bioactive compounds as plant biostimulants. The
targeted application to improve crop performance and the impact of
seaweed extracts for enhancing the protein content of crops are
discussed.
Psychosocial function of Dutch children with cancer and their caregivers during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gorp Marloes van , Maurice-Stam Heleen , Teunissen Layla , Kilsdonk Ellen , Dijk Jennifer van , Sulkers Mirjam , Tissing Wim , Litsenburg Raphaële Van , Grootenhuis Martha A.
Published: September 2021

We compared psychosocial functioning of children with cancer and their
caregivers in several phases of the COVID-19 pandemic to before
COVID-19. One or more questionnaires on health-related quality of life
(HRQoL) or fatigue of children or distress of their caregivers was
available from 1644 families. In children with cancer, HRQoL was stable
throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Fatigue was slightly lower and sleep
somewhat better during the pandemic than before. Caregiver distress was
lower in the first pandemic phase, but increased to pre-COVID-19 levels
in later phases, indicating that the length and consequences of the
pandemic may be weighing on them.
Survival of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide (ABVE-PC) versus Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) at a single institution
Authors: Armas Sebastian de , Huertas-Ayala Carolina , Chan Randall , Chi Yueh-Yun , Huh Winston , Termuhlen Amanda , Gaynon Paul , Doan Andrew
Published: September 2021

Background: ABVD, the standard-of-care in adult Hodgkin lymphoma (HL),
has not been directly compared to ABVE-PC, a pediatric regimen designed
to reduce late-effects. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and
associated toxicities of these two regimens used in the same
institution. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated a total
of 224 patients diagnosed with HL between 1999 and 2018 at Children’s
Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), of which 93 patients were eligible having
received ABVD (n=46) or ABVE-PC (n=47) chemotherapy as their initial
treatment. Descriptive analyses were performed using the Student’s
t-test or Fisher’s exact test. Survival analysis used the Kaplan-Meier
method. Events included: death, relapse, secondary malignancy, need for
radiation therapy, pulmonary toxicity and cardiomyopathy determined by
shortening fraction <29%. Analyses followed an
intention-to-treat principle. Results: There was no difference in
baseline characteristics between the patients receiving ABVE-PC or ABVD
in regard for stage, risk group or prognostic variables, such as the
presence or absence of “B” symptoms, bulky disease, and extra-nodal
involvement. A greater proportion of patients treated with ABVE-PC
received consolidating external beam radiation treatment (XRT) either by
randomization or by response compared to ABVD (59.6% vs 32.6%
respectively, p=0.01). While not statistically significant, response to
therapy, assessed by PET/CT where available, mirrored the need for
radiation (rapid response 58.3% vs 90.0%, n=34, p=0.11). There was no
difference in event-free survival (p=0.63) or overall survival (p=0.37)
with a median follow up length of 3.9 years. Conclusion: ABVD and
ABVE-PC achieved similar survival outcomes in our single-institution
cohort
Reversible blindness after erroneous prescription of closantel: A case report
Authors: Cheraghmakani Hamed , Jafari Reza , Karimpour-razkenari Elahe , Ghazaeian monireh
Published: September 2021

A 20-year-old girl referred with vision loss upon closantel use. Plasma
exchange and high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy were administered. A
2.5-year follow-up showed improved vision and increased layer thickness
of the peripheral nerve fiber. Early treatment with plasma exchange and
high-dose corticosteroid therapy can be beneficial to reverse closantel
toxicity.
Uniformity in bioprosthetic mitral valve sizing -- when will we get there?
Authors: Tan Cian , Bashir Mohamad , Idhrees Mohammed
Published: September 2021

Much has changed since the introduction of surgical valve repair in the
1950s, from the introduction bioprosthetic valves to percutaneous
approaches to valve repair. Yet, despite substantial advancements in
bioprosthetic valve technology, there has been a lack of direct,
independent comparison between bioprosthetic mitral valve devices,
accompanied by a marked heterogeneity in approaches to the sizing and
selection thereof. Wang et al. have hence endeavoured to evaluate,
head-to-head, the technical successes and biomechanical outcomes
associated with three different bioprosthetic mitral valves (Epic,
Abbott, IL; Mosaic, Medtronic, MN; Mitris Resilia, Edwards Lifesciences,
CA) in a porcine model, under standardised haemodynamic and anatomical
conditions. With a robust experimental technique, they have made clear
the heterogeneity in both sizing and biomechanical properties between
bioprosthetic mitral valves, and have further emphasised the need for a
uniform approach to the manufacturing and sizing of bioprosthetic
valves.
Travel Time Modelling Using Time Series of Nitrate Concentration in Groundwater Improves Hydrological Process Understanding : A Case Study of a Small Agricultural Catchment in Brittany, France.
Authors: Bhaduri Baibaswata , Sekhar Muddu , Fovet Ophélie , Ruiz Laurent
Published: September 2021

Rivers can act as mirrors to in-catchment processes, but integrated
concentration-discharge dynamics might not be sufficient for
constructing a well-posed solute travel time determination problem. One
remedy is to look inside the catchment and see if the extra information
provided by long-term time series of groundwater solutes constrains the
problem or provides us with some additional insight on retrieving the
processes which the stream is aggregating. To test this notion, we used
data for Kerrien, a well-studied agriculture dominated small headwater
catchment of the French Critical Zone Observatory in Brittany. It
contains long-term nitrate concentration time-series from a network of
piezometers as well as a stream outlet. In this study, a parsimonious,
conceptual dual-permeability mixing model already developed for streams
was adapted for piezometers along with detailed uncertainty and
sensitivity analysis. We found out the nitrate flushing times of mid to
upslope piezometers were consistently higher than the stream outlet. We
further observed an asynchronicity in seasonal concentration-discharge
dynamics between the piezometers and the stream. We hypothesize the
reason behind this counterintuitive finding to be extensive riparian
denitrification, vertical stratification of groundwater and disconnect
between the stream and the deeper flowpaths that carry legacy
contamination, evidenced by the non-closure of water budget at the
stream outlet. As a consequence, we argue that in headwater catchments
the stream signature might not fully reflect internal processes which
can be revealed only by using piezometer data. This adapted conceptual
framework could be of great interest for semi-arid catchments where
groundwater monitoring could be used in combination or as an alternate
to ephemeral streams in travel time determination.
The Novel Use of Mechanical Circulatory Support to Demonstrate Pulmonary Hypertension Reversibility in Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Sparks Aaron , Kawabori Masashi , Chen Frederick , Couper Gregory
Published: September 2021

A 56-year-old female with a history of rheumatic mitral stenosis
presented with severe pulmonary edema. Transthoracic echocardiogram
demonstrated severe MS (mean valve area .5 cm2, mean gradient of 16
mmHg) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Right heart
catheterization demonstrated elevated pulmonary artery (PA) pressures of
110/80 mmHg and a wedge pressure of 40 mmHg. Mechanical circulatory
support (MCS) was initiated with extracorporeal left atrial to femoral
artery bypass. MCS allowed preoperative unloading of the left atrium.
The volume status and lung congestion were optimized before surgery. In
addition, pulmonary hypertension reversibility was demonstrated with
significantly lower PA pressures after initiation of MCS.
Intraoperatively, the MCS left atrial inflow cannula was pulled back
into the right heart and used as a venous cannula for cardiopulmonary
bypass. Successful mitral valve replacement was performed.
Postoperatively, the mitral valve mean gradient was 3 mmHg.
Correlation of Coagulopathy and Frozen Elephant Trunk Use in Aortic Arch Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bashir Mohamad , Aljadayel Hadi Abo , Mousavizadeh Mostafa , Daliri Mahdi , Rezaei Yousef , Tan Cian , Idhrees Mohammed , Hosseini Saeid
Published: September 2021

Background: The advent of Frozen elephant trunk (FET) for reconstruction
of elective and non-elective aortic arch surgery has augmented the
treatment of complex aortic pathologies in a single-stage operation. To
date, no studies have been focused on the prevalence and predictors of
coagulopathy potentiated by FET procedure. Methods: In a systematic
review, we searched databases up to June 2020 for studies reporting
coagulopathy complications after FET procedure. A proportional
meta-analysis was carried out using STATA software (StataCorp, TX, USA).
Results: In total, 46 studies including 6313 patients were eligible. The
pooled estimation of reoperation for postoperative bleeding was 7%
(95% confidence interval [CI] 5 to 8; I2 = 84.73%; reported by 39
studies including 4796 patients). The mean volume of transfused packed
blood cells and fresh frozen plasma was 1677 ml (95% CI 1066.4-2287.6)
and 1016.5 ml (95% CI 450.7-1582.3). The subgroup by stent type showed
a decrease in the heterogeneity (I2 = 0.01%, I2 = 53.95%, I2 = 0.01%,
and I2 = 54.41% for Thoraflex® Hybrid, E-vita®, Frozenix®, and Cronus®,
respectively). The subgroup by chronicity of operation resulted in less
heterogeneity among patients undergoing elective compared to
non-elective operation (I2 = 29.22% versus I2 = 80.56% in
non-elective). Meta-regression analysis showed that age and male gender
significantly impacted on the reoperation for postoperative bleeding.
Conclusions: The FET procedure for arch replacement is associated with
coagulopathy and the transfusion of blood products. Male, age, and
selective choice of FET use were identified as heterogeneity sources of
reoperation for postoperative bleeding.
Impact of pharmacological Interventions on fertility outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: ABDALLA MOHAMMED , Shah Najeeb , Deshmukh Harshal , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Östlundh Linda , Al-Rifai Rami , Atkin Stephen , Sathyapalan Thozhukat
Published: September 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine condition
associated with sub-fertility, infertility and poor reproductive
outcomes. Objectives: To review the effectiveness of different
pharmacological interventions on fertility outcomes in women with PCOS.
Search Strategy: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane
Library, Web of Science in April 2020 and updated the search in PubMed
March 2021. Selection Criteria: Two independent reviewers selected
studies, and only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included.
Data Collection and Analysis: Thirty-four RCTs that met the eligibility
criteria were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and the 95% confidence
interval (95% CI) using the random effect model. Main Results: There
was a significant increase in pregnancy rate with follicular stimulating
hormone (FSH) vs clomiphene citrate (CC)+ metformin (Odd Ratio(OR):4.08;
95%CI:1.12-14.83,I²=79%), Letrozole vs CC (OR: 1.58; 95%CI:
1.34-1.86, I²= 0%), metformin vs placebo(OR: 3.00; 95%CI: 1.95-4.59,
I²= 0%) and with CC+ metformin vs CC (OR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.02-2.16, I²=
39%). There were significant increases in ovulation rate with CC+
metformin vs FSH (OR: 0.09; 95%CI: 0.02-0.37, I² = 75%), CC+ metformin
vs CC (OR: 2.04; 95%CI: 1.35-3.08, I² = 63%) and with Letrozole vs CC
(OR: 1.60; 95%CI: 1.02-2.52, I²= 88%). A significant increase in live
birth with Letrozole vs CC (OR: 1.63; 95%CI: 1.21-2.21, I² = 0%) was
observed. Conclusions: CC, letrozole alone or either added to metformin,
were associated with a significant increase in the pregnancy rate,
ovulation rate, and live birth rate in women with PCOS. Funding: No fund
for the review.
Obstetrical management of cancer in pregnancy and risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Greiber Iben , Viuff Jakob , Mellemkjær Lene , Hjortshøj Cristel , Lidegaard Ojvind , Storgaard Lone , Karlsen Mona
Published: September 2021

Objectives. To investigate the obstetrical management of cancer in
pregnancy and to determine adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Design. A register-based nationwide historical prospective cohort study.
Setting and population. We assessed all pregnancies (N = 4,071,848) in
Denmark from 1 January 1973 to 31 December 2018. Methods. We linked data
on maternal cancer, obstetrical, and neonatal outcomes. Exposure was
defined as pregnancies exposed to maternal cancer (n = 1,068). The
control group comprised pregnancies without cancer. The groups were
compared using logistic regression analysis and adjusted for potential
confounders. Main outcome Measures. The primary outcome was the
iatrogenic termination of the pregnancy (induced abortions/labor
induction or elective caesarean section). Secondary outcomes were
adverse neonatal outcomes. Results. More women with cancer in pregnancy,
as compared to the control group, experienced first-trimester induced
abortion; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.7 (95% CI 2.8─4.7),
second-trimester abortion; aOR 9.0 (6.4─12.6), iatrogenic preterm
delivery; aOR 10.9 (8.1─14.7), and iatrogenic delivery below 32
gestational weeks; aOR 16.5 (8.5─32.2). Neonates born to mothers with
cancer in pregnancy had a higher risk of respiratory distress syndrome;
aOR 1.5 (1.2─2.0), but not of low birth weight; aOR 0.6 (0.4─0.8),
admission to neonatal intensive care unit more than seven days; aOR 1.4
(1.1─1.9), neonatal infection; aOR 0.9 (0.5─1.5) nor neonatal mortality;
aOR1.3 (0.6─2.6). Conclusion. Cancer in pregnancy implies an increased
risk of iatrogenic termination of pregnancy and iatrogenic premature
birth. Neonates born to mothers with cancer in pregnancy had no
increased risk of severe adverse neonatal outcomes.
Future of cardiac surgery, introducing the interventional surgeon
Authors: Al-Ebrahim Ebrahim , Madani Turki , Al_ebrahim Khalid
Published: September 2021

The swift advances in interventional cardiology combined with the
increasing risk of cardiac surgical procedures resulted in diminishing
volume of coronary and valvular surgery and affected the future of
cardiac surgery service and training. Application to cardiac surgery
training programs have steadily declined. This cross-sectional study
aimed at identifying main weakness facing cardiac surgery and advocating
some recommendations to improve the status of current and future of
cardiac surgery.
Identifying the gaps, reducing the waste, and setting priorities in Cochrane gynaecology research
Authors: Showell Marian , Jani Devanshi , Farquhar Cindy , Jordan Vanessa
Published: September 2021

Objective The aim of this project was to identify gaps and research
waste in the dissemination of Cochrane gynaecology evidence in the
Cochrane database of systematic reviews (CDSR). Design A research
article Setting The Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility (CGF) Group’s
specialised register of random controlled trials (RCTs). Sample Trials
looking at benign gynaecological conditions, contained in the CGF
specialised register, published between the years 2010-2011. Methods
Gynaecology trials from the CGF specialised register were matched, by
the specific gynaecological issue and treatment, to existing Cochrane
reviews. Unmatched trials were categorised to develop and prioritise new
review topics. Main outcome measures Proportions Results 740 trials,
published from 2010 to 2011, were exported from the specialised
register, after removing duplicates and out of scope trials, 185 of
these trials were found to be already included in Cochrane reviews. 422
trials were found to be unused, however 192 (26%) of these could be
included in an existing CGF SR if it were updated. 230 trials (32%)
were not matched to any review title and from these 21 new review titles
were developed. The topic with the largest number of associated ‘unused’
trials, was ‘Plant and herbal extracts for symptoms of menopause’.
Conclusions This project was used to consider unused trials, prioritise
new review topics and identify those reviews that need to be updated,
thereby identifying the gaps in evidence for women with gynaecological
problems.
Carotid Web Stent for the Prevention of Recurrent Stroke: Case report and literature review
Authors: Alnajjar Mohammed , Imam Dr. Yahia , Akhtar Naveed , Zakaria Ayman , Habas Elmukhtar
Published: September 2021

Carotid web has been identified as one of the missed causes of recurrent
stroke. The diagnosis and management of such cases, impose a challenge
to medical practitioners. This etiology should be kept in mind,
especially in case of recurrence of stroke in a similar cerebral
territory.
Pure White Cell Aplasia an exceptional condition in the inmunological conundrum of thymomas: Responses to inmunosupresion and Literature Review.
Authors: López Roberto Céspedes , Amutio Elena , Martitegui Xabier Martín , Malcorra Amaia Balerdi , Oleaga Lucia Insunza , Moreno Maite , Arzuaga-Mendez Javier , García-Ruiz Juan
Published: September 2021

Thymomas are tumours frequently associated with autoinmune
manifestations or immunodeficiencies like Good syndrome. In rare cases,
pure white cells aplasia (PWCA) has been described in association with
thymomas. PWCA is characterized by agranulocytosis of autoinmune
background primary refractory to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
(G-CSF). It is necessary to use inmunosupressor drugs.
Hemodynamic variation is a dominant contributing factor of Graves’ hyperthyroidism complication: Heart failure and fatal liver disfunction: a case report and analysis
Authors: Fang Yi , Li Zhiyuan , Wang Jinjing , Su Jianbin , Zeng Jing , Xue Jian , Li Xinyu
Published: September 2021

Tachycardia and atrial fibrillation are cardiovascular symptoms of
Graves’ hyperthyroidism， if left untreated and further deterioration
can result in heart failure and liver dysfunction, we describe a female
patient to present the continuum of the pathophysiology development, to
highlight the hemodynamic variation is dominant contributing factor of
Graves’ hyperthyroidism complication
Systemic lupus Erythematous as an Unusual Cause of Intussusception in Sudanese Woman: Case report
Authors: Mohammadeen Salwa Dafa Allah Salih , F.Eldow Amar , Abdelmutalib Rania Eisa , hamza Sara galal osman , Elagib Elnour Mohammed , H.Awadalla huyam , Hassan Abubkar , A.Ahmed Abdelkareem , Essa Mohammed Elmujtba Adam
Published: September 2021

A middle-aged Sudanese woman has been presented complained about
multiple joint pain, skin rash, chest pain, hair loss, severe abdominal
pain associated with abdominal distension, bloody diarrhoea and
vomiting. Lab investigation and computed tomography (CT) abdomen
revealed the patient have an intussusception on top of SLE. The patient
was treated
CUTANEOUS LARVA MIGRANS IN EARLY INFANCY: A UGANDAN CASE REPORT
Authors: Muwanguzi Eria , Kayiira Mubaraka , Kasozi Derrick , Kigozi Enos
Published: September 2021

Helminths are an important cause of infection in poorly developed
countries. The Majority spread with soil to skin contact. In unusual
patients presenting below 1 year, treatment can be challenging. The
disease can be self-limiting, treatment reduces progression to serious
disease. Here, we present a three-month-old with Cutaneous Larva
Migrans.
Cutaneous abscess related to peritoneal catheter tunnel infection
Authors: Nakamura Yoshihiro , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Takizawa Naoho , Fujita Yoshiro
Published: September 2021

Some peritoneal dialysis catheter infections cannot be detected via a
physical examination. Ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of such
infections.
Beating pulmonary vein sign during catheter ablation
Authors: Ishida Shinichi , Takemoto Yoshio , Yamase Yuichiro , Yagami Kei
Published: September 2021

The beating of a pulmonary vein during cardiac catheterization is a rare
phenomenon caused by the heart beating through the pericardial effusion
when a cardiac tamponade occurs. This “beating pulmonary vein” sign is
useful for early detection of a tamponade before circulatory collapse
occurs.
Gallstone ileus: a rare cause of small intestine obstruction
Authors: Tchabashvili Levan , Kehagias Dimitris , Kaplanis Charalampos , Liolis Elias , Perdikaris Ioannis , Iliopoulos Fotis , Verras Georgios-Ioannis , Mulita Francesk
Published: September 2021

A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our emergency department complaining
of abdominal pain. Computed tomography was performed and showed
aerobilila and a large 5.1 cm gallstone lodged in the small intestine.
She underwent emergency surgery. Intraoperative findings noted small
bowel obstruction caused by a large gallstone.
Endomyocardial Fibrosis in non-tropical patient with no obvious eosinophilia presented with chest pain mimicking ACS and left ventricular thrombus
Authors: matarneh ahmad , Hailan Yousef , Abdulkarim Sabir , Alkuwari Maryam , dabdoob Wafer
Published: September 2021

Endomyocardial fibrosis is a disease that causes restrictive
cardiomyopathy, it varies in presentation ranging from asymptomatic to
full-blown heart failure. its pathogenesis is poorly understood and it
poses a diagnostic and treatment challenge due to its infrequent
occurrence.
Doege-Potter syndrome due to endothoracic solitary hypoglycemic fibrous tumor
Authors: Lopez-Hinostroza Madaleine , Salazar Jeel Moya , Dávila Juan , Absencio Angélica , Contreras-Pulache Hans
Published: September 2021

Doege-Potter syndrome leads to severe and sustained symptomatic
hypoglycemia and is associated with the solitary fibrous tumor. It is a
rare cause and its diagnosis requires a clinical suspicion and other
markers such as insulin-like growth factor-II. Here, we describe a case
of a patient with intrathoracic tumor and hypoglycemia
Phragm\’{e}n-Lindel\”{o}f alternative results in time-dependent double-diffusive Darcy plane flow
Authors: Li Yuanfei , Chen Xuejiao
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the spatial behavior of the solutions of the
double-diffusive Darcy plane flow in a semi-infinite channel. Using the
energy estimate method and the differential inequality technology, a
differential inequality about the solutions is derived. By solving this
differential inequality, it is proved that the solutions grow
polynomially or decay exponentially with spatial variable. In the case
of decay, we obtain the upper bound for the total energy. We also give
some remarks to generalize the results of this paper.
Numerical Solution of the coupled Burgers' equation by Trigonometric B-spline Collocation Method
Authors: UCAR Yusuf , YAGMURLU Nuri , YİĞİT Mehmet
Published: September 2021

In the present study, the coupled Burgers’ equation is going to be
solved numerically by presenting a new technique based on collocation
finite element method in which trigonometric cubic and quintic B-splines
are used as approximate functions. In order to support the present
study, three test problems given with appropriate initial and boundary
conditions are studied. The newly obtained results are compared with
some of the other published numerical solutions available in the
literature. The accuracy of the proposed method is discussed by
computing the error norms L₂ and L_{∞}. A linear stability analysis
of the approximation obtained by the scheme shows that the method is
unconditionally stable.
On the Stefan Problem With Nonlinear Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Bougoffa Lazhar , Khanfer Ammar
Published: September 2021

The solution is obtained and validated by an existence and uniqueness
theorem for the following nonlinear boundary value problem
\[
\frac{d}{dx}(1+\delta
y+\gamma
y^{2})^{n}\frac{dy}{dx}]+2x\frac{dy}{dx}=0,\,\,\,x>0,\,\,y(0)=0,\,\,\,y(\infty)=1,
\] which was proposed in 1974 by [1] to represent a
Stefan problem with a nonlinear temperature-dependent thermal
conductivity on the semi-infinite line (0;1). The modified error
function of two parameters
$\varphi_{\delta,\gamma}$
is introduced to represent the solution of the problem above, and some
properties of the function are established. This generalizes the results
obtained in [3, 4].
STABILITY OF LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS, WEAK INTEGRAL SEPARATION AND NONUNIFORM DICHOTOMY SPECTRUM
Authors: Zhu Hailong , LI Zhaoxiang
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of
Lyapunov exponents of linear differential system is proved in the sense
that the equations satisfy the weaker form of integral separation
instead of its classical one. Furthermore, the existence of full
nonuniform exponential dichotomy spectrum under the condition of weak
integral separateness is also presented.
Asymptotic Analysis for a nonlinear Reaction-Diffusion System Modeling an Infectious Disease
Authors: Yin Hong-Ming , Zou Jun
Published: September 2021

In this paper we study a nonlinear reaction-diffusion system which
models an infectious disease caused by bacteria such as cholera. One of
the features in this model is that a certain portion of the recovered
human hosts lost a lifetime immunity and could be infected again.
Another feature in the model is that the mobility for each species is
assumed to be dependent upon location and time. We also assume that the
whole group is susceptible with the bacteria. This leads to a strongly
coupled nonlinear reaction-diffusion system. We prove that the nonlinear
system has a unique solution globally in any space dimension under some
natural conditions on known parameters and functions. Moreover, the
long-time behavior and stability analysis for the solution are carried
out rigorously. In particular, we characterize the precise conditions on
variable parameters about the stability or instability for all
steady-state solutions. These results obtained in this paper answered
several open questions raised in the previous literature
Atypical presentation of cardiac tamponade in pulmonary hypertension , a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Aval Zahra Ansari , Mirhosseini Mohsen , Naeini Sepideh Jafari
Published: September 2021

A young woman with systemic sclerosis, hypothyroidism and pulmonary
hypertension was admitted to our center with massive pericardial
effusion and left ventricular (LV) collapse. Despite undergoing
successful pericardiocentesis, she passed away a month later. The best
therapeutic approach in this situation remains to be determined
Large left atrial thrombus in a patient in sinus rhythm without mitral valve disease: A case report
Authors: Nishiori Hironobu , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Hirano Yuichi , Otsu Masayoshi
Published: September 2021

We report a case of a 63-year-old man without a history of atrial
fibrillation or mitral valve disease who was admitted to our hospital.
Echocardiography revealed a large left atrial mass attached to the
atrial septum. We suspected the mass to be a myxoma, but it turned out
to be a large thrombus after the surgery. Left atrial thrombus without
mitral valve disease or atrial fibrillation is rare. Although the degree
of urgency varies based on the case, early surgical resection is
recommended for a large left atrial thrombus to prevent embolism.
A multi-centre analysis of cardiac surgery referral patterns and resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Balmforth Damian , Lopez-Marco Ana , Yates Martin , Adams Benjamin , Cale Alex , Jeganathan Reuben , Deglurkar Indu , Kirmani Bilal , Kanani Mazyar , Mariscalco Giovanni , Jahangeer Saleem , Krasopoulos George , Sherif Mohamed , Ahmed Yasir , Oo Aung , Sanders Julie
Published: September 2021

Background and aims: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a dramatic shift in
the provision of cardiac surgical services in the United Kingdom (UK)
with all elective surgery suspended. We sought to explore referral
patterns, changes in clinical decision making and resource allocation to
adult cardiac surgical services in the UK during the first wave of the
pandemic. Methods: Data from 11 UK centres on referrals and available
health resources (operating theatre and bed capacity) for urgent or
emergency adult cardiac surgery between the 1st March 2020 and the 1st
August 2020 was collated, and securely transferred to the lead centre
for analysis. Results: 1113 patients were referred for cardiac surgery
over the study period. Following UK lockdown in March 2020 the number of
referrals initially fell to 39% of pre-lockdown levels before
recovering to 211% of that seen prior to the pandemic. A change in
treatment strategies was observed with a trend towards deferring surgery
entirely or favouring less invasive, non-surgical treatments. At the
peak of the pandemic in April 2020, theatre availability and bed
capacity fell to 26% and 54% of pre-lockdown levels, respectively.
Provision for emergency surgery was maintained throughout at 1 to 2
emergency lists per unit weekly. Conclusion: During the first wave of
the UK COVID-19 pandemic cardiac surgical operative activity dropped
acutely before increasing over the next four months. Despite this drop,
provision for emergency surgery was retained throughout. In the event of
further waves of COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining essential cardiac
surgical services should be prioritised.
Application and comparative study of SWAT and LSTNet models on runoff simulation in the Atsuma River basin
Authors: Chen Yuechao , Zhang Yue , Zhang Qing , Song Xue , Gao Jiajia , Qian Jiazhong , Jin Yi , Bin Zhaohui , Fan Xiaolei , Guo Zhen
Published: September 2021

Accurate runoff simulation is of great importance to understand
watershed hydrologic cycle process, effective utilize water resources
and respond flood disaster. Hydrologic model is one of the main tools
for runoff simulation research and the continuous improvement in Machine
Learning offers powerful tools for modeling of hydrologic process. This
research took the runoff process of the Atsuma River basin in Hokkaido
from 2015 to 2019 as object, proposed a special machine learning
framework: Long-and Short-term Time-series Network (LSTNet) for runoff
simulation, discussed the accuracy for runoff simulation of LSTNet model
with (multivariate LSTNet Model) or without (univariate LSTNet Model)
meteorological factors and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model
respectively, analyzed the model selection for runoff simulation under
different data conditions in the basin. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency
coefficients (NSE) of the runoff simulation results in the validation
(test) period were 0.633 (SWAT model), 0.643 (multivariate LSTNet
model), and 0.716 (univariate LSTNet model) respectively. The results
show that the accuracies of the two models for runoff simulation in the
Atsuma River basin are all very high. SWAT model has prominent
advantages in runoff simulation and shortcomings. LSTNet model shows
great advantages and potential in runoff simulation. In summary, when
target basin’ s data is accurate and complete, the accuracy of SWAT
model in runoff simulation is high and stable. When the target basin
lacks data or the quality of data is poor, LSTNet model can realize
high-precision runoff simulation only based on the measured runoff data,
which has a strong application.
Can we think of a TAT, that is a “tailored antiplatelet therapy”?
Authors: tritapepe luigi , cat claudio ajmone
Published: September 2021

What can be seen from the case report by Verzelloni et al. has a double
value, beyond the case itself. First of all, the use of platelet
aggregation assessment tests, such as TEG-PM, allows clinicians to
verify the exact timing between the suspension of thienopyridines and
the possibility of surgery without further temporal delays and is also
able to favor the evolution of ischemic problems or hemodynamic
instability not easily treatable. It therefore allows clinicians to
optimize the bleeding / thrombosis matching. Secondly, the use of point
of care methodologies for the evaluation of platelet aggregation allows
us to evaluate the adequacy of the anti-aggregation, facilitating, where
resistance or percentages of anti-aggregation are lower than expected,
modification of the therapeutic regimen.