bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grandeur et déclin d’une science au service de l’Église
Authors: Warren Jean-Philippe
Published: May 2015

Le présent article s’intéresse aux travaux des sociologues catholiques québécois dans les années 1950 et 1960. Dans la première partie, nous insistons sur le caractère ancillaire de la sociologie par rapport à l’institution religieuse. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous penchons sur les enquêtes lancées à l’occasion de la mise sur pied des « Grandes Missions » régionales. Enfin, dans la dernière partie, nous entendons relever certains motifs de résistances et d’indifférence croissante du clergé envers la sociologie religieuse. Ce faisant, nous espérons offrir une lorgnette différente pour appréhender l’essor des sciences sociales au Québec.
Pantomime, danse et stylisation (Cary Grant, James Cagney, Fred Astaire)
Authors: Viviani Christian
Published: May 2015

Music-hall et pantomime placent les acteurs qui en sont issus au carrefour de plusieurs formes artistiques et entraînent chez eux une stylisation antinaturaliste du jeu corporel. Trois cas, relevant du cinéma classique hollywoodien, sont analysés dans cet article : Cary Grant, James Cagney et Fred Astaire. De ces trois acteurs formés à l’école de la pantomime et de la danse populaires, un seul, Astaire, a privilégié le genre musical ; les incursions dans le film non dansé sont pour lui exceptionnelles, comme celles de Cagney, grande figure du cinéma criminel, dans le film musical. Quant à Grant, qui a su imposer un jeu non naturaliste, la formation chorégraphique et pantomimique est peut-être pour lui un moyen de mieux entrer dans le mystère de l’équilibre entre réalité et fiction des corps cinématographiques qu’il incarne. Les traces d’une formation chorégraphique ou pantomimique favorisent le passage du banal à l’exceptionnel sans entamer la crédibilité. Le filigrane féminin vient ainsi enrichir la virilité affichée. L’acteur de cinéma doit-il être un peu mime et danseur pour pouvoir proposer un corps proprement cinématographique ?
Chandler wobble parameters from SLR and GRACE
Authors: Nastula J. , Gross R.
Published: May 2015

The period and quality factor Q of the Chandler wobble are functions of the internal structure and dissipation processes of the Earth. Better estimates of the period and Q of the Chandler wobble can therefore be used to better understand these properties of the Earth. Here the period and Q of the Chandler wobble are estimated by finding those values that minimize the power in the Chandler frequency band of the difference between observed and modeled polar motion excitation functions. The observations of the polar motion excitation functions that we used are derived from both space‐geodetic polar motion observations and from satellite laser ranging (SLR) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations of the degree‐2 coefficients of the Earth's time‐varying gravitational field. The models of the polar motion excitation functions that we used are derived from general circulation models of the atmosphere and oceans and from hydrologic models. Our preferred values for the period and Q of the Chandler wobble that we estimated using this approach are 430.9 ± 0.7 solar days and 127 (56, 255), respectively.
A review of tropical cyclone‐generated storm surges: Global data sources, observations, and impacts
Authors: Needham Hal F. , Keim Barry D. , Sathiaraj David
Published: May 2015

Tropical cyclone‐generated storm surges are among the world's most deadly and destructive natural hazards. This paper provides the first comprehensive global review of tropical storm surge data sources, observations, and impacts while archiving data in SURGEDAT, a global database. Available literature has provided data for more than 700 surge events since 1880, the majority of which are found in the western North Atlantic (WNA), followed by Australia/Oceania, the western North Pacific (WNP), and the northern Indian Ocean (NIO). The Bay of Bengal (BOB) in the NIO consistently observes the world's highest surges, as this subbasin averages five surges ≥5 m per decade and has observed credible storm tide levels reaching 13.7 m. The WNP observes the highest rate of low‐magnitude surges, as the coast of China averages 54 surges ≥1 m per decade, and rates are likely higher in the Philippines. The U.S. Gulf Coast observes the second highest frequency of both high‐magnitude (≥5 m) and low‐magnitude (≥1 m) surges. The BOB observes the most catastrophic surge impacts, as 59% of global tropical cyclones that have killed at least 5000 people occurred in this basin. The six deadliest cyclones in this region have each killed at least 140,000 people, and two events have killed 300,000. Storm surge impacts transportation, agriculture, and energy sectors in the WNA. Oceania experiences long‐term impacts, including contamination of fresh water and loss of food supplies, although the highest surges in this region are lower than most other basins.
Strain decoupling reveals variable seismogenic risk in SEJapan (Nankai Trough)
Authors: Van Tuyl James , Alves Tiago M. , Moore Gregory F.
Published: May 2015

The determination of in situ stress states is vital in understanding the behavior of faults and subsequent seismogenesis of accretionary prisms. In this paper, a high‐quality 3‐D seismic volume is used to map the depth of the extensional‐compressional decoupling (ECD) boundary in the accretionary prism of Nankai, with the prior knowledge that strike‐slip and compressional stresses occur deeper than 1250 m below seafloor (mbsf) in the Kumano Basin, changing to extension toward the seafloor. A total of 1108 faults from the accretionary prism are analyzed to estimate paleostresses via fault inversion and slip tendency techniques. A key result in this paper is that the ECD boundary can be used as a proxy to identify active structures on accretionary prisms as its depth depends on (a) local tectonic uplift in areas adjacent to active faults and (b) the thickness of sediment accumulated above active thrust anticlines. The depth of the ECD boundary ranges from 0 to ∼650 mbsf, being notably shallower than in the Kumano Basin. In Nankai, frontal regions of the imbricate‐thrust zone, and the megasplay fault zone, reveal the shallower ECD depths and correlate with the regions where faulting is most active. As a corollary, this work confirms that estimates of stress state variability based on the analysis of 3‐D seismic data are vital to understand the behavior of faults and potential seismogenic regions on convergent margins.
Saturn's hinge parameter from Cassini magnetotail passes in 2013–2014
Authors: Carbary J. F. , Sergis N. , Mitchell D. G. , Krupp N.
Published: May 2015

Observations of energetic charged particles (>40 keV) and magnetic fields were made by Cassini instruments during eight passes through Saturn's magnetotail in 2013 and 2014. These passes are unique because the spacecraft crossed the magnetotail plasma sheet at nearly perpendicular incidence, thus allowing an accurate cross‐section measurement. For each tail pass, Cassini/Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument detectors recorded fluxes that maximized at the center of the magnetotail while the Cassini/Magnetometer recorded magnetic field components in spherical coordinates for which BR = 0 at the center. These sheet encounters can be organized using the Arridge “bowl” model, an axially symmetric paraboloid surface for the neutral sheet that is characterized by a “hinge” distance rH. This hinge parameter can be computed for each pass and each observable by interpolating the observed encounter time between those times expected for rH = 10, 20, 30, and 40 Rs. The hinge distances vary considerably, although all values of rH are the same within statistical variation. The BR = 0 crossings yield an average rH = 26.8 ± 6.0 Rs. However, the 41–64 keV electrons exhibit a mean rH = 23.2 ± 9.2 Rs (if using flux peaks to mark disk crossings) or rH = 22.3 ± 5.7 Rs (if using flux centroids). On the other hand, the 56–106 keV ions display rH = 27.2 ± 6.4 Rs (peaks) and rH = 26.2 ± 8.1 Rs (centroids). Thus, the electrons have hinge distances slightly smaller than those of the magnetic field and ions. This behavior suggests that there may be one magnetotail for electrons and another for the ions and magnetic field.
On the seasonal variations of salinity of the tropical Atlantic mixed layer
Authors: Camara I. , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Mignot Juliette , Lazar Alban , Gaye Amadou T.
Published: May 2015

The physical processes controlling the mixed layer salinity (MLS) seasonal budget in the tropical Atlantic Ocean are investigated using a regional configuration of an ocean general circulation model. The analysis reveals that the MLS cycle is generally weak in comparison of individual physical processes entering in the budget because of strong compensation. In evaporative regions, around the surface salinity maxima, the ocean acts to freshen the mixed layer against the action of evaporation. Poleward of the southern SSS maxima, the freshening is ensured by geostrophic advection, the vertical salinity diffusion and, during winter, a dominant contribution of the convective entrainment. On the equatorward flanks of the SSS maxima, Ekman transport mainly contributes to supply freshwater from ITCZ regions while vertical salinity diffusion adds on the effect of evaporation. All these terms are phase locked through the effect of the wind. Under the seasonal march of the ITCZ and in coastal areas affected by river (7°S:15°N), the upper ocean freshening by precipitations and/or runoff is attenuated by vertical salinity diffusion. In the eastern equatorial regions, seasonal cycle of wind forced surface currents advect freshwaters, which are mixed with subsurface saline water because of the strong vertical turbulent diffusion. In all these regions, the vertical diffusion presents an important contribution to the MLS budget by providing, in general, an upwelling flux of salinity. It is generally due to vertical salinity gradient and mixing due to winds. Furthermore, in the equator where the vertical shear, associated to surface horizontal currents, is developed, the diffusion depends also on the sheared flow stability.
Atomic Structure of Antiphase Nanodomains in Fe‐Doped SrTiO3 Films
Authors: Du Hongchu , Jia Chun‐Lin , Mayer Joachim , Barthel Juri , Lenser Christian , Dittmann Regina
Published: May 2015

The atomic structure of antiphase nanodomains in Fe‐doped SrTiO3 films is revealed directly by aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. In particular, the crystallographic translation vector between the antiphase nanodomains and the matrix is determined to be a/2 [0 1 1], distinct from a/2 [0 1 1] for the well‐known Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) planar faults in perovskite structure. The antiphase boundaries lie mostly in the {1 0 0} planes and partially in the {1 1 0} planes. The atomic structure of the antiphase boundaries is found to consist of chains of edge‐sharing TiO6 octahedra implying a local Ti‐enrichment, which is in strong contrast to local Sr‐enrichment at the RP type antiphase boundaries.
Adaptable Hydrogel Networks with Reversible Linkages for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wang Huiyuan , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: May 2015

Adaptable hydrogels have recently emerged as a promising platform for three‐dimensional (3D) cell encapsulation and culture. In conventional, covalently crosslinked hydrogels, degradation is typically required to allow complex cellular functions to occur, leading to bulk material degradation. In contrast, adaptable hydrogels are formed by reversible crosslinks. Through breaking and re‐formation of the reversible linkages, adaptable hydrogels can be locally modified to permit complex cellular functions while maintaining their long‐term integrity. In addition, these adaptable materials can have biomimetic viscoelastic properties that make them well suited for several biotechnology and medical applications. In this review, an overview of adaptable‐hydrogel design considerations and linkage selections is presented, with a focus on various cell‐compatible crosslinking mechanisms that can be exploited to form adaptable hydrogels for tissue engineering.
The missing link: Information behavior research and its estranged relationship with embodiment
Authors: Lueg Christopher P.
Published: May 2015

In this brief contribution I argue that an apparent dichotomy between information behavior seen as the behavior of individuals and their respective information styles and information behavior considered as a social practice may be resolved by considering the underresearched corporeality of the human body aka embodiment, which is a fundamental aspect of any kind of behavior, including information behavior. Practice is inherently embodied too, which means embodiment can be utilized as a vantage point to seek conceptual grounding for the rather diverse range of theories and models in information behavior research. The challenge then is to articulate in what ways and on what levels a particular approach contributes to advancing information behavior research. Conceptual clarity would also help information behavior models and theories developed in libraries and information science become more accessible and hopefully also more relevant to researchers in cognate disciplines.
Atmospheric water parameters measured by a ground‐based microwave radiometer and compared with the WRF model
Authors: Cossu Federico , Hocke Klemens , Martynov Andrey , Martius Olivia , Mätzler Christian
Published: May 2015

The microwave radiometer TROWARA measures integrated water vapour (IWV) and integrated cloud liquid water (ILW) at Bern since 1994 with a time resolution of 7 s. In this study, we compare TROWARA measurements with a simulation of summer 2012 in Switzerland performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. It is found that the WRF model agrees very well with TROWARA's IWV variations with a mean bias of only 0.7 mm. The ILW distribution of the WRF model, although similar in shape to TROWARA's distribution, overestimates the fraction of clear sky periods (83% compared to 60%).
Influence of organic loading rate on integrated bioreactor treating hypersaline mustard wastewater
Authors: Kang Wei , Chai Hongxiang , Yang Shiwei , Du Guojun , Zhou Jian , He Qiang
Published: May 2015

Mustard tuber wastewater is characterized by high salinity and high organic content that is potentially detrimental to the biological treatment system and affects the treatment efficiency accordingly. The experiment used the integrated bioreactor to reduce much of the organics in mustard tuber wastewater, and found the influence of organic loading rate on effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphate (PO43−‐P). Results showed that under the condition of 10–15 °C, 6 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, the reduction value of COD removal rate in anaerobic and aerobic area was 14.5% and 31.7% when the organic loading rate increased from 2.0 to 4.0 kg COD/m3/day. Therefore, an integrated bioreactor should take 2.0 kg COD/m3/day organic loading rate in mustard wastewater treatment if the effluent is expected to meet the third level of “Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard” (GB 8978‐1996).
Was dismissal from team a retaliatory action?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: May 2015

Emily Frazer attended Temple University on a volleyball scholarship. For a time, she dated another Temple student named Andrew Cerett. Cerett allegedly threatened to kill his roommate in November 2010.
Integrating parenting practices into partial hospital treatment of children: Initial outcomes
Authors: Walters Anne , Majczak Marta , Barreto Steven J.
Published: May 2015

Mental and behavioral health problems in children are a growing and significant health issue in the United States, with estimates that one in five children have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder. These issues affect children across all backgrounds and contexts, and are linked to poor outcomes in educational achievement and in long‐term family income, and most agree that effects of mental health problems over time in children are cumulative. Mental health impairment affects children's health and behavior across all contexts: school, community, and home.
Make online teaching accessible with inclusive course design
Authors: Coombs Norman
Published: May 2015

Ronald Mace earned a degree in architecture from North Carolina State University in 1966, where, as a wheelchair user, he encountered many barriers. He believed that instead of modifying specific facilities to meet the needs of certain users, all facilities should be designed to accommodate as broad a population as possible, according to the Center for Universal Design. The goal of universal design when applied to education is to make learning inclusive for all students, not just those with disabilities. It is an approach to designing all products and services to be usable by students with the widest possible range of both functional (physical) capabilities and different learning styles.
Consider when information may be disclosed under FERPA's health and safety emergency provision
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: May 2015

In 1992, a University of Iowa graduate student killed several UI faculty and staff members and a student. As a result of that action, from 1993–2013, UI officials disclosed nondirectory information without the students' written consent to the local county sheriff's office whenever a UI student applied for a gun permit.
Eco‐hydraulic modelling of the interactions between hydropeaking and river morphology
Authors: Vanzo Davide , Zolezzi Guido , Siviglia Annunziato
Published: May 2015

Hydropeaking related to hydropower operations produces adverse ecological effects that depend on its interaction with the channel morphology. A first quantitative attempt is proposed to investigate the eco‐hydraulic response of different river morphologies to hydropeaking waves based on a two‐dimensional hydraulic modelling approach. Physical habitat diversity, macroinvertebrate drift and fish stranding, all relevant for hydropeaking, are quantitatively investigated with reference to realistic hydro‐morphological conditions of regulated alpine streams. Habitat diversity and fish stranding have the strongest dependence on channel morphology and show nearly opposite behaviours with increasing morphological complexity. Braided reaches are the most resilient to hydropeaking offering the highest habitat diversity and very limited base‐to‐peak variation of macroinvertebrate drift, while alternate bars are extremely sensitive environments to drift and offer safer regions from stranding. Transitional morphologies between single‐thread and multi‐thread offer the best eco‐hydraulic trade‐offs. The method allows quantifying to which extent same eco‐hydraulic targets can be achieved by either morphological restorations or base flow increases: in transitional morphologies, identical reduction in reach‐averaged stranding risk might be obtained either by halving the channel width or by a threefold base flow increase; analogously, the same improvement in macroinvertebrate‐fed areas can be achieved in a channel with alternating bars either by a threefold base flow increase or by increasing 2.5 times the channel width. Such quantification of the eco‐hydraulic effectiveness of complementary management strategies offers a powerful tool to support design of restoration measures in hydropeaking rivers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Question of Site‐Selective Ligand Exchange in Carboxylate‐Substituted Metal Oxo Clusters
Authors: Kreutzer Johannes , Czakler Matthias , Puchberger Michael , Pittenauer Ernst , Schubert Ulrich
Published: May 2015

Reaction of [Ti4Zr4O6(OBu)4(OMc)16] (OMc = methacrylate) with acetylacetone (acacH) resulted in dissection of the cluster and formation of [Ti(OBu)2(acac)2] and the smaller cluster [Ti2Zr4O4(OMc)16]. In contrast, the same reaction with [Zr6O4(OH)4(OOCR)12]2·6RCOOH (R = Et, CH2CH=CH2) led to site‐selective substitution of two carboxylate ligands and formation of isostructural [Zr6O4(OH)4(OOCR)12–x(acac)x]2·6RCOOH (x ≤ 1).
Niobium Complexes in Organic Transformations: From Stoichiometric Reactions to Catalytic [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Satoh Yasushi , Obora Yasushi
Published: May 2015

Niobium complexes in organic reactions have received a lot of attention in recent years. Niobium is one of the early transition metals, which possess unique reactivity distinct from that of other transition metals. This review focuses mainly on stoichiometric reactions and catalytic reactions involving niobium complexes. In particular, recent results relating to NbV‐mediated or NbIII‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of unsaturated compounds (alkyne, alkenes, nitriles, and isocyanates) are mainly presented in this review. In one example of a set of catalytic reactions involving a low‐valent niobium species, the reaction between NbCl5 and tris(trimethylsilyl)silane generated a low‐valent niobium(III) species, and this promoted [2+2+2] cycloaddition of terminal alkynes and olefins to provide cyclohexa‐1,3‐dienes. In addition, the use of low‐valent niobium(III) species in stoichiometric reactions has also been reported. Many of these reactions are carried out by formation of Nb–alkyne complexes through reactions between low‐valent niobium(III) and internal alkynes. Some examples of the use of Nb complexes as Lewis acids have also been reported. In these reactions, the valence of the Nb complexes is V.
Computationally efficient spatial modeling of annual maximum 24‐h precipitation on a fine grid
Authors: Geirsson Óli P. , Hrafnkelsson Birgir , Simpson Daniel
Published: May 2015

A computationally efficient statistical method is proposed to obtain distributional properties of annual maximum 24‐h precipitation on a 1 by 1 km regular grid over Iceland. A covariate based on a local meteorological model that captures information on the physical processes of precipitation is constructed, providing an additional spatial information on maximum precipitation. A latent Gaussian model is built, which takes into account observed maximum precipitation, the covariate based on the local meteorological model, and spatial variations. The observations are assumed to follow the generalized extreme value distribution, where spatial models based on approximate solutions to stochastic partial differential equations are implemented for the location, scale, and shape parameters of the likelihood. An efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler that exploits the sparse matrices induced by the stochastic partial differential equation modeling is implemented, yielding continuous spatial predictions for spatially varying model parameters and quantiles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activated carbon monoliths by pressureless technique for environmental applications
Authors: Bajwa Anjali , Moraga Francisca , Balakrishnan Malini , Svensson Gunnar , Batra Vidya S.
Published: May 2015

Carbon monoliths have been prepared through simple procedure by carbonization in inert atmosphere at 550°C from commercial activated carbon and from unburned carbon in waste bagasse fly ash, using two different kinds of phenolic resin binders. The bagasse fly ash was collected from sugar mills where bagasse is used as a biomass based fuel for cogeneration. Commercial activated carbon based monoliths where 5 and 10 wt % of the activated carbon had been replaced by iron oxide (hematite) were also prepared. Results indicate that BET surface area decreases upon carbonization and loading of hematite. Scanning electron microscopy studies shows that the iron oxide is well distributed over the monoliths and X‐ray diffraction shows that it is reduced to magnetite during carbonization. Temperature programmed reduction experiments show that the iron oxides on the monoliths are redox active. The monoliths based on commercial activated carbon show 80% removal of phenol in diluted phenol based water solutions whereas unburned carbon derived monoliths showed 51% removal in similar solution. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1420–1426, 2015
Frying stability of sunflower oil blended with jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) leaf extract
Authors: Delfanian Mojtaba , Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Reza , Sahari Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2015

The aim of present study was to compare the effects of ultrasound‐assisted and microwave‐assisted extraction with solvent extraction method on antioxidant activities of jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) leaf extracts in stability of sunflower oil during deep frying. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by using 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙) radical scavenging and β‐carotene bleaching assays. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction was the most effective method on antioxidant activities of extracts and extraction yield of phenolic compounds compared to other extraction techniques. Protective effect of methanol–water extract of jujube leaf obtained with ultrasound‐assisted extraction (ULMW) at 500 and 700 ppm in stability of sunflower oil was compared to synthetic antioxidants by measuring total polar compounds (TPC), carbonyl value (CV), peroxide value (PV), free fatty acids (FFA), oxidative stability index (OSI), conjugated dienes (CD), and trienes values (CT). Results showed ULMW at 700 ppm had higher stabilization efficiency than synthetic antioxidants.
Discounted Reserve Data Shows Analyst Sentiment
Authors: Willett Robert E.
Published: May 2015

Since the late 1970s, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) have demanded that publicly traded oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) companies publish an estimate of their proved reserves' production, production costs, and associated taxes for five years in the future.1 The net cash flows of these estimates must then be discounted at a rate of 10 percent per year, yielding a heavily discounted present value.
Is Broadband Over Power Lines a Smart Idea?
Authors: Crawley David L.
Published: May 2015

Broadband is the dream challenge of the early twenty‐first century. Like electricity a century ago, which fueled the telecommunications‐ and information‐based economies of the twentieth century, broadband is the foundation for economic growth, global competitiveness, and a better way of life. Broadband enables new innovation that unlocks new opportunities. It will change how we educate our children, deliver health care, manage the energy grid, and access, organize, and disseminate knowledge.
Exploring human brain neuronal currents with phase MRI
Authors: Huang Jie , Zhu David C.
Published: May 2015

Purpose: Brain activity‐associated neuronal currents produce weak transient magnetic fields that would affect both magnitude and phase of the local MRI signal, but these very small signal changes are not reliably detectable with conventional fMRI methodologies. A recent simulation study, using a realistic model specifically for human cerebral cortex, indicates that the phase signal change induced by spontaneous activity may reach a detectable level (up to 0.2°) in favorable conditions. This study aimed to investigate neuronal current‐induced signal changes in human visual cortex with phase MRI. Materials and Methods: Six healthy subjects participated in a phase fMRI study using a temporally well‐controlled visual stimulation paradigm with a known neuronal firing pattern in visual cortex. The precise timing of the paradigm provides a means of detecting and testing the neuronal current‐induced phase signal changes, and placing a series of acquisition windows to fully cover the entire response duration enables a thorough detection of any detectable phase signal changes induced by the stimulus‐evoked neuronal currents. Results: The presented phase MRI method demonstrated to be reliable, and the improved phase measure has achieved a sensitivity level of 0.2° for detecting any significant phase signal changes under a practical length of fMRI session. The test found no sign of any significant neuronal current‐induced phase signal changes in any subject and study. Conclusions: Under the experimental condition, the upper limit of the neuronal current‐induced phase signal changes was found to be less than 0.2° in the human visual cortex, consistent with the model prediction.
RETRACTED: miR‐212/132 downregulates SMAD2 expression to suppress the G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Zhao Jian‐Li , Zhang Le , Guo Xu , Wang Jing‐Hua , Zhou Wen , Liu Min , Li Xin , Tang Hua
Published: May 2015

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate target gene expression, play an important role in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. However, the role of many miRNAs in cervical cancer is not fully understood. In this study, we found that miR‐212 and miR‐132 from the same gene cluster are downregulated in human cervical cancer tissues when compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. The overexpression of miR‐212/132 not only led to a delay in the G1/S phase transition and repressed cell proliferation but also resulted in an increase in E‐cadherin expression and a decrease in vimentin, suppressing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and migration and invasion in cervical cancer cells. Subsequently, SMAD2 was identified as a common target of miR‐212/132 and was found to be negatively regulated by miR‐212/132 at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, SMAD2 silencing led to the same effect on cervical cancer cells as miR‐212/132 overexpression. Importantly, SMAD2 overexpression partially reversed the cellular phenotypes induced by miR‐212/132 overexpression. In conclusion, our study indicated that miR‐212/132 functions as tumor suppressor by targeting SMAD2 in cervical cancer. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 2015 67(5):380–394, 2015
RSK3: A regulator of pathological cardiac remodeling
Authors: Martinez Eliana C. , Passariello Catherine L. , Li Jinliang , Matheson Christopher J. , Dodge‐Kafka Kimberly , Reigan Philip , Kapiloff Michael S.
Published: May 2015

The family of p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) are pleiotropic effectors for extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathways. Recently, RSK3 was shown to be important for pathological remodeling of the heart. Although cardiac myocyte hypertrophy can be compensatory for increased wall stress, in chronic heart diseases, this nonmitotic cell growth is usually associated with interstitial fibrosis, increased cell death, and decreased cardiac function. Although RSK3 is less abundant in the cardiac myocyte than other RSK family members, RSK3 appears to serve a unique role in cardiac myocyte stress responses. A potential mechanism conferring the unique function of RSK3 in the heart is anchoring by the scaffold protein muscle A‐kinase anchoring protein β (mAKAPβ). Recent findings suggest that RSK3 should be considered as a therapeutic target for the prevention of heart failure, a clinical syndrome of major public health significance. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 2015 67(5):331–337, 2015
Potassium Bicarbonate Supplementation Lowers Bone Turnover and Calcium Excretion in Older Men and Women: A Randomized Dose-Finding Trial
Authors: Dawson-Hughes Bess , Harris Susan S , Palermo Nancy J , Gilhooly Cheryl H , Shea M Kyla , Fielding Roger A , Ceglia Lisa
Published: May 2015

The acid load accompanying modern diets may have adverse effects on bone and muscle metabolism. Treatment with alkaline salts of potassium can neutralize the acid load, but the optimal amount of alkali is not established. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of two doses of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) compared with placebo on biochemical markers of bone turnover, and calcium and nitrogen (N) excretion. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 244 men and women age 50 years and older were randomized to placebo or 1 mmol/kg or 1.5 mmol/kg of KHCO3 daily for 3 months; 233 completed the study. The primary outcomes were changes in 24-hour urinary N-telopeptide (NTX) and N; changes in these measures were compared across the treatment groups. Exploratory outcomes included 24-hour urinary calcium excretion, serum amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), and muscle strength and function assessments. The median administered doses in the low-dose and high-dose groups were 81 mmol/day and 122 mmol/day, respectively. When compared with placebo, urinary NTX declined significantly in the low-dose group (p = 0.012, after adjustment for baseline NTX, gender, and change in urine creatinine) and serum P1NP declined significantly in the low-dose group (p = 0.004, adjusted for baseline P1NP and gender). Urinary calcium declined significantly in both KHCO3 groups versus placebo (p < 0.001, adjusted for baseline urinary calcium, gender, and changes in urine creatinine and calcium intake). There was no significant effect of either dose of KHCO3 on urinary N excretion or on the physical strength and function measures. KHCO3 has favorable effects on bone turnover and calcium excretion and the lower dose appears to be the more effective dose. Long-term trials to assess the effect of alkali on bone mass and fracture risk are needed. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
PTH Promotes Bone Anabolism by Stimulating Aerobic Glycolysis via IGF Signaling
Authors: Esen Emel , Lee Seung-Yon , Wice Burton M , Long Fanxin
Published: May 2015

Teriparatide, a recombinant peptide corresponding to amino acids 1-34 of human parathyroid hormone (PTH), has been an effective bone anabolic drug for over a decade. However, the mechanism whereby PTH stimulates bone formation remains incompletely understood. Here we report that in cultures of osteoblast-lineage cells, PTH stimulates glucose consumption and lactate production in the presence of oxygen, a hallmark of aerobic glycolysis, also known as Warburg effect. Experiments with radioactively labeled glucose demonstrate that PTH suppresses glucose entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). Mechanistically, the increase in aerobic glycolysis is secondary to insulin-like growth factor (Igf) signaling induced by PTH, whereas the metabolic effect of Igf is dependent on activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). Importantly, pharmacological perturbation of glycolysis suppresses the bone anabolic effect of intermittent PTH in the mouse. Thus, stimulation of aerobic glycolysis via Igf signaling contributes to bone anabolism in response to PTH. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A Molecular Orbital Analysis on Helium Dimer and Helium‐Containing Materials
Authors: Onishi Taku
Published: May 2015

Helium

Covalency

Chemical bonding rule

Dimer

Cubic structure

In order to investigate the helium covalency, molecular orbital calculations were performed for helium dimer and helium‐containing La2/3‐xLi3xTiO3 perovskite and HeC8 cube. There were orbital overlap between helium 1s orbitals in helium dimer. In HeTi8O12 and HeC8 models, helium had orbital overlap with oxygen and carbon, respectively. From chemical bonding rule, it was concluded that helium can form covalent bonding with oxygen and carbon.
CO2 laser emission modes to control enamel erosion
Authors: Siqueira Scatolin Renata , Luiz Alonso‐Filho Fernando , Galo Rodrigo , Rios Daniela , Cristina Borsatto Maria , Aparecida Milori Corona Silmara
Published: May 2015

Considering the importance and prevalence of dental erosion, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different modes of pulse emission of CO2 laser associated or not to acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) 1.23% gel, in controlling enamel erosion by profilometry. Ninety‐six fragments of bovine enamel were flattened and polished, and the specimens were subjected to initial erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid (pH = 2). Specimens were randomly assigned according to surface treatment: APF 1.23% gel and gel without fluoride (control), and subdivided according to the modes of pulse CO2 laser irradiation: no irradiation (control), continuous, ultrapulse, and repeated pulse (n = 12). After surface treatment, further erosive challenges were performed for 5 days, 4 × 2 min/day. Enamel structure loss was quantitatively determined by a profilometer, after surface treatment and after 5 days of erosive challenges. Two‐away ANOVA revealed a significant difference between the pulse emission mode of the CO2 laser and the presence of fluoride (P ≤ 0.05). The Duncan's test showed that CO2 laser irradiation in continuous mode and the specimens only received fluoride, promoted lower enamel loss than that other treatments. A lower dissolution of the enamel prisms was observed when it was irradiated with CO2 laser in continuous mode compared other groups. It can be concluded that CO2 laser irradiation in continuous mode was the most effective to control the enamel structure loss submitted to erosive challenges with hydrochloric acid. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:654–659, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Techniques and applications of in vivo diffusion imaging of articular cartilage
Authors: Raya José G.
Published: May 2015

Early in the process of osteoarthritis (OA) the composition (water, proteoglycan [PG], and collagen) and structure of articular cartilage is altered leading to changes in its mechanical properties. A technique that can assess the composition and structure of the cartilage in vivo can provide insight in the mechanical integrity of articular cartilage and become a powerful tool for the early diagnosis of OA. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been proposed as a biomarker for cartilage composition and structure. DTI is sensitive to the PG content through the mean diffusivity and to the collagen architecture through the fractional anisotropy. However, the acquisition of DTI of articular cartilage in vivo is challenging due to the short T2 of articular cartilage (∼40 ms at 3 Tesla) and the high resolution needed (0.5–0.7 mm in plane) to depict the cartilage anatomy. We describe the pulse sequences used for in vivo DTI of articular cartilage and discus general strategies for protocol optimization. We provide a comprehensive review of measurements of DTI of articular cartilage from ex vivo validation experiments to its recent clinical applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1487–1504. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced tonicity stimulates an inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus tissue that can be limited by a COX‐2‐specific inhibitor
Authors: van Dijk Bart , Potier Esther , van DIjk Maarten , Langelaan Marloes , Papen‐Botterhuis Nicole , Ito Keita
Published: May 2015

In intervertebral disc herniation with nucleus pulposus (NP) extrusion, the elicited inflammatory response is considered a key pain mechanism. However, inflammatory cytokines are reported in extruded herniated tissue, even before monocyte infiltration, suggesting that the tissue itself initiates the inflammation. Since herniated tissue swells, we investigated whether this simple mechanobiological stimulus alone could provoke an inflammatory response that could cause pain. Furthermore, we investigated whether sustained‐release cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) inhibitor would be beneficial in such conditions. Healthy bovine NP explants were allowed to swell freely or confined. The swelling explants were treated with Celecoxib, applied either as a bolus or in sustained‐release. Swelling explants produced elevated levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for 28 days, while confined explants did not. Both a high concentration bolus and 10 times lower concentration in sustained release completely inhibited PGE2 production, but did not affect IL‐6 production. Swelling of NP tissue, without the inflammatory system response, can trigger cytokine production and Celecoxib, even in bolus form, may be useful for pain control in extruded disc herniation. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1724–1731, 2015.
The effect of different types of insoles or shoe modifications on medial loading of the knee in persons with medial knee osteoarthritis: a randomised trial
Authors: Jones Richard K. , Chapman Graham J. , Parkes Matthew J. , Forsythe Laura. , Felson David T.
Published: May 2015

Many conservative treatments exist for medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) which aims to reduce the external knee adduction moment (EKAM). The objective of this study was to determine the difference between different shoes and lateral wedge insoles on EKAM, knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI), external knee flexion moment, pain, and comfort when walking in individuals with medial knee OA. Seventy individuals with medial knee OA underwent three‐dimensional walking gait analysis in five conditions (barefoot, control shoe, typical wedge, supported wedge, and mobility shoe) with pain and comfort recorded concurrently. The change in EKAM, KAAI, external knee flexion moment, pain, and comfort were assessed using multiple linear regressions and pairwise comparisons. Compared with the control shoe, lateral wedge insoles and barefoot walking significantly reduced early stance EKAM and KAAI. The mobility shoe showed no effect. A significant reduction in latter stance EKAM was seen in the lateral wedge insoles compared to the other conditions, with only the barefoot condition reducing the external knee flexion moment. However, the mobility shoe showed significant immediate knee pain reduction and improved comfort scores. Different lateral wedge insoles show comparable reductions in medial knee loading and in our study, the mobility shoe did not affect medial loading. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1646–1654, 2015.
Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by antimicrobial photodynamic technology using methylene blue
Authors: Deng Xi , Tang Shuze , Wu Qian , Tian Juan , Riley William W , Chen Zhenqiang
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading causative pathogen of gastroenteritis often related to contaminated seafood. Photodynamic inactivation has been recently proposed as a strategy for killing cells and viruses. The objective of this study was to verify the bactericidal effects caused by photodynamic inactivation using methylene blue (MB) over V. parahaemolyticus via flow cytometry, agarose gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Vibrio parahaemolyticus counts were determined using the most probable number method. A scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope were employed to intuitively analyze internal and external cell structure.

RESULTS

Combination of MB and laser treatment significantly inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. The inactivation rate of V. parahaemolyticus was >99.99% and its counts were reduced by 5 log10 in the presence of 0.05 mg mL−1 MB when illuminated with visible light (power density 200 mW cm−2) for 25 min. All inactivated cells showed morphological changes, leakage of cytoplasm and degradation of protein and DNA.

CONCLUSION

Results from this study indicated that photodynamic technology using MB produced significant inactivation of V. parahaemolyticus mainly brought about by the degradation of protein and DNA. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Flavor compounds and sensory profiles of a novel Chinese marinated chicken
Authors: Li Hai , Li Xia , Zhang Chun‐hui , Wang Jin‐zhi , Tang Chun‐hong , Chen Lin‐li
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND

Marinating is a Chinese traditional meat‐processing method using aged brine that brings popular flavor together with food safety issues. In this study a novel method named quantitative marinating (QM) was developed to improve Chinese traditional marinating (TM). Flavor compounds and sensory profiles of two marinated products were determined to verify if the improved marinating method could maintain the characteristic flavors of TM.

RESULTS

Fifty‐four, 60, 60, 60 and 44 volatile flavor compounds were identified from four processing stages of QM and TM respectively. Contents of taste compounds first increased and then decreased in the processing stages of QM. The total free amino acid contents of QM and TM products were 789 and 536 mg per 100 g respectively. The total nucleotide content of QM product (22.21 mg per 100 g) was higher than that of TM (20.75 mg per 100 g), while the fatty acid content of QM product (26.66 mg g−1) was lower than that of TM (44.43 mg g−1). Finally, QM received higher sensory scores than TM.

CONCLUSION

Volatile flavor compounds, taste compounds and sensory properties of QM were richer than those of TM, indicating that QM can not only maintain the original aroma of TM but also have advantages in taste compounds. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment as a Traumatic Stressor in DSM‐IV and DSM‐5: Prevalence and Relationship to Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Andrykowski Michael A. , Steffens Rachel F. , Bush Heather M. , Tucker Thomas C.
Published: May 2015

Little research has examined how lung cancer survivors whose cancer experience met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) traumatic stressor criterion differ with regard to posttreatment mental health status from survivors whose cancer experience did not. No research of which we are aware has examined the impact of the revised DSM‐5 traumatic stressor criterion on this question. Non‐small‐cell (NSC) lung cancer survivors (N = 189) completed a telephone interview and questionnaire assessing distress and growth/benefit‐finding. Survivors were categorized into Trauma and No Trauma groups using both the DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 stressor criterion. Using the DSM‐IV criterion, the Trauma group (n = 70) reported poorer status than the No Trauma group (n = 119) on 10 of 10 distress indices (mean ES = 0.57 SD) and better status on all 7 growth/benefit‐finding indices (mean ES = 0.30 SD). Using the DSM‐5 stressor criterion, differences between the Trauma (n = 108) and No Trauma (n = 81) groups for indices of distress (mean ES = 0.26 SD) and growth/benefit‐finding (mean ES = 0.17 SD) were less pronounced. Those who experience cancer as a traumatic stressor show greater distress and growth/benefit‐finding, particularly when the more restrictive DSM‐IV stressor criterion defines trauma exposure.
The Economic Burden of PTSD in Northern Ireland
Authors: Ferry Finola R. , Brady Sharon E. , Bunting Brendan P. , Murphy Samuel D. , Bolton David , O'Neill Siobhan M.
Published: May 2015

The objective of this study was to estimate the economic costs of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the Northern Ireland (NI) adult population. The authors present a prevalence‐based, bottom‐up study based primarily on data from 1,986 participants in the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress (NISHS). Both direct costs of treatment and indirect costs of productivity losses were included. Units of service and medication resource use were obtained from the NISHS and combined with their relevant unit costs from the Personal Social Services Research Unit and Prescription Costs Analysis data for NI. Indirect costs included the costs of incapacity days due to PTSD and presenteeism costs, with gender‐specific wage rates used as the relevant unit costs. The total direct and indirect cost of PTSD in NI (2008) was £172,756,062. This figure is likely to be conservative due to the exclusion of a number of cost categories. Nevertheless, comparison of estimates of the burden of PTSD with the estimated cost of treating all adults with PTSD with the recommended treatments shows the potential for substantial economic gains to be made through extension and investment in effective evidence‐based treatments.