bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pups and prolactin are rewarding to virgin female and pregnant mice
Authors: Swart Judith M. , Grattan David R. , Ladyman Sharon R. , Brown Rosemary S. E.
Published: December 2022

Maternal interactions with offspring are highly rewarding, which reinforces expression of essential caregiving behaviours that promote offspring survival. In rats, the rewarding effect of pups depends on reproductive state, with lactating females specifically developing strong preferences for pup‐associated contexts. Whether this also occurs in mice is unknown, hence we aimed to characterise pup‐related preference across reproductive states in female mice. In a conditioned place preference (CPP) test, pups were a rewarding stimulus to female mice prior to lactation, with virgin and pregnant females developing a preference for a pup‐associated context. We have previously shown that lactogenic hormones, acting through the prolactin receptor (Prlr), play an important role in maternal motivation. Here, we aimed to investigate whether Prlr action is important for pup‐related reward behaviour in mice. We showed that prolactin itself had a reinforcing effect in a CPP test, and that exposure to pups increased blood prolactin levels in virgin female mice. Prlr expression in CamKIIα‐expressing neurons and GABAergic neurons has previously been shown to be important for different aspects of parental behaviour. However, we found that conditional Prlr deletion from either of these neuronal populations did not disrupt the development of a preference for pup‐associated contexts in pregnant female mice, indicating that lactogenic action on these populations is not necessary for the rewarding effect of pups. Together, these data show that while lactogenic hormones likely contribute to a rewarding effect of pups, their action on two key neuronal populations is not necessary for this effect in female mice.
miR‐297 inhibits expression of progesterone receptor and decidualization in eutopic endometria of endometriosis
Authors: Liu Tingting , Xiao Li , Pei Tianjiao , Luo Bin , Tan Jing , Long Ying , Huang Xin , Ouyang Yunwei , Huang Wei
Published: December 2022

Aim

Progesterone resistance is an epigenetic factor that reduces endometrial receptivity and causes implantation failure in women with endometriosis. In addition, dysregulated miRNAs contribute to the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of endometriosis. This study aimed to determine the effect of miR‐297 on the progesterone receptor (PR) expression and on insufficient decidualization of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) within the eutopic endometria of infertile women with minimal or mild endometriosis.

Methods

ESCs were isolated from infertile endometriosis and normal patients and were transfected with miR‐297 mimic or miR‐297 inhibitor or respective control. qRT‐PCR and western blot were conducted to quantify the expression of miR‐297 and PR. The effect of miR‐297 on ESCs decidualization was investigated by induced decidualization in vitro.

Results

We observed an increase in miR‐297 expression and a decrease in the expression of PR in the ESCs from endometriosis patients. Moreover, the expression of PR, most notably PRB, was found to be downregulated following transfection with miR‐297 mimic and upregulated following treatment with miR‐297 inhibitor. In addition, overexpressed miR‐297 inhibited the decidualization of ESCs in vitro. We further determined that miR‐297 exerts direct regulatory effects on PR expression.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that miR‐297 interferes with fertility by repressing the expression of PR and preventing efficient decidualization in eutopic endometria. Further, miR‐297 directly contributes to progesterone resistance in minimal or mild cases of endometriosis. Thus, regulation of miR‐297 may prove to be a promising therapeutic strategy for endometriosis.
South Korean adolescents' delinquency, disclosure, parental knowledge, parent–child closeness, and delinquent peer associations
Authors: Rudy Duane , Han Seunghee , Yu Mansoo
Published: December 2022

The present study sought to examine longitudinal associations among delinquency, children's disclosure to parents, parent‐child relationship quality, and parental knowledge in a South Korean sample. Longitudinal research shows that in Western samples, delinquency is negatively associated with the latter three variables. We also sought to test whether the associations varied across gender. We found little evidence of significant reciprocal relationships among the variables and no differences in associations across gender. A second analysis revealed that adolescents’ involvement with delinquent peers was a good predictor of subsequent delinquency for males and females. Implications of the findings for future research and practice are discussed.
Intake of energy, protein, amino acids and minerals by dogs under energy restriction for body weight loss when fed with commercial weight loss diets
Authors: Luis Leticia W. , Goloni Camila , Theodoro Stephanie de Souza , Tozato Maria E. G. , Pacheco Leticia G. , Monti Mariana , Carciofi Aulus C.
Published: December 2022

This retrospective study evaluated energy and nutrient intake of dogs in a weight loss programme. Ninety‐four obese dogs were divided into three groups: G5–15: from 5% to 15% body weight (BW) loss (n = 55); G155–25: from 15.1% to 25% BW loss (n = 29); and G > 25: more than 25.1% BW loss (n = 10). Five brands of kibble diets designed for weight loss were analysed for crude protein, amino acids, fat, dietary fibre, and minerals. The food metabolizable energy (ME) was estimated (NRC, 2006). Data were compared inside each group using the paired t test and between groups with analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). The BW loss (weeks in regimen) was: G5–15, 9.8% ± 2.7% (13.5 ± 5.7 weeks); G15–25, 17.5% ± 2.7% (22.6 ± 11.9 weeks); G > 25, 30.0% ± 2.1% (50.4 ± 17.4% weeks; p < 0.01). The mean weekly BW loss rate was similar between groups (0.8% ± 0.3%; p > 0.05) but was higher during the first (0.96.6% ± 0.5%) than in the second (0.64% ± 0.4%) half of the regimen (p < 0.01). At beginning ME intake for BW loss did not differ (251.6 ± 32.2 kJ/kg0.75/day), but it was lower for G > 25 in the second half of the regimen (230.3 ± 44.3; p = 0.02). Considering the observed ME intake of each dog, depending on the commercial product, intake below recommended for maintenance was verified for crude protein in 1%–20% of the dogs, methionine in 4%–38% of dogs, methionine plus cystine in 4%–22% of dogs, tryptophan in 7%–93% of dogs, potassium in 2%–85% of dogs and magnesium in 1% up to 95% of dogs. Although the diets presented elevated nutrient concentrations per MJ, due to the reduced energy allowance, the estimated intake of several nutrients was lower than the recommendations, highlighting the importance of changing the formulation perspective, which must prioritize the actual nutrient intake per kg of BW during the energy deficit.
Impact of educational policies on access to health care in Brazil: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Figueiredo Alexandre Medeiros , de Lima Kenio Costa , McKinley Danette Waller , del Carmen Junco Goméz Maria , Azevedo George Dantas
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Various initiatives to improve access to health care have been implemented internationally. In Brazil, this has included policies intended to expand access to higher education for underrepresented socio‐economic groups. These measures have reduced inequalities in access to medical education, but it is not known whether they influence career choices. We examine the effect of these educational policies on physician practice patterns in primary care and/or in medically underserved areas.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study that analysed the association between affirmative educational policies and the career choices of physicians who graduated between 2010 and 2015. Multivariate binary regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of affirmative educational policies on physician career choices, including primary care practice, practice in cities with ≤20 000 inhabitants, and practice in less developed municipalities 4 years after graduation.

Results

We identified the practice patterns of 65 304 (82.8%) physicians 4 years after their graduation. Most physicians included in our analysis were female (54.5%), aged ≤27 years (72.4%), born in developed cities and studied in private medical schools. Physicians admitted to medical school based on racial or social access policies were more likely to practice in municipalities with fewer than 20 000 inhabitants (odds ratio [OR]: 1.64; 1.36–1.98) and in primary care (OR: 1.55; 1.35–1.53). Physicians who benefited from scholarships for under‐represented socio‐economic groups were more likely to practice in small cities (OR: 1.24; 1.07–1.43) and primary care (OR: 1.23; 1.11–1.37). The provision of financial aid also improved the likelihood of practice in primary care and underserved areas. Graduation from medical schools located in smaller cities was associated with practice in municipalities ≤20 000 inhabitants and primary care.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that educational policies implemented in the Brazilian context are effective in reducing inequities in physician distribution and led to an increase in the number of physicians practicing in primary care.
In‐hospital mortality of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in end‐stage kidney disease. A retrospective national population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ghimire Calvin , Baral Nischit , Vinjam Tejaswi , Mathews Simi M. , Baral Nisha , Acharya Bandana , Savarapu Pramod K. , Bashyal Krishna , Kunadi Arvind , Mitchell Joshua D.
Published: December 2022

Aim

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and end stage kidney disease (ESKD) are independent conditions associated with increased mortality and morbidity, however, whether ESKD is an independent risk factor for increased mortality in HIT admissions is not well studied. Therefore, we aimed to compare in‐hospital mortality in HIT admissions based on their ESKD status.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of HIT hospitalizations aged 18 and older using the 2016–2019 national inpatient sample (NIS) database.

Results

From 2016 to 2019 we had 12 161 admissions for HIT among 28 484 087 total hospitalizations. The annual incidence rate for HIT admissions per 100 000 admissions were: 47, 46, 41.1, and 36.6, respectively (p < .001) in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 respectively. Among HIT admissions, the mean age was 64.3 years, 46.8% were females, 68% were Whites and 16% were Blacks. Black patients have a significantly higher likelihood of in‐hospital mortality than White patients (aOR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.48; p = .007). Patients who did not have any insurance or self‐pay had higher mortality compared to Medicare (aOR 1.64; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.38; p = .009). ESKD status was not associated with higher or lower in‐hospital mortality among HIT admissions (aOR 1.002; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.19; p = .981) after adjusting for age, sex, race, and insurance status.

Conclusion

There are no higher or lower odds of in‐hospital mortality in the ESKD subgroup in HIT admissions in adults. Decreasing incidence of HIT hospitalizations was seen over the years from 2016 to 2019.
Machine learning models for Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility tests
Authors: Martin Skylar L. , Mortimer Tatum D. , Grad Yonatan H.
Published: December 2022

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an urgent public health threat due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. As most isolates in the United States are susceptible to at least one antibiotic, rapid molecular antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) would offer the opportunity to tailor antibiotic therapy, thereby expanding treatment options. With genome sequence and antibiotic resistance phenotype data for nearly 20,000 clinical N. gonorrhoeae isolates now available, there is an opportunity to use statistical methods to develop sequence‐based diagnostics that predict antibiotic susceptibility from genotype. N. gonorrhoeae, therefore, provides a useful example illustrating how to apply machine learning models to aid in the design of sequence‐based ASTs. We present an overview of this framework, which begins with establishing the assay technology, the performance criteria, the population in which the diagnostic will be used, and the clinical goals, and extends to the choices that must be made to arrive at a set of features with the desired properties for predicting susceptibility phenotype from genotype. While we focus on the example of N. gonorrhoeae, the framework generalizes to other organisms for which large‐scale genotype and antibiotic resistance data can be combined to aid in diagnostics development.
The Correlation between Various Shoulder Anatomical Indices on X‐Ray and Subacromial Impingement and Morphology of Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Yang Jinsong , Xiang Ming , Li Yiping , Zhang Qing , Dai Fei
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Rotator cuff injury caused by subacromial impingement presents different morphologies. This study aims to investigate the correlation between various shoulder anatomical indexes on X‐ray with subacromial impingement and morphology of rotator cuff tears to facilitate surgical management.

Method

This retrospective study was carried out between January 2020 and May 2022. Patients who were diagnosed as sub‐acromial impingement associated with rotator cuff tears (without tendon retraction) and received arthroscopic surgery were enrolled in this study. The radiographic indexes of acromial slope (AS), acromial tilt (AT), lateral acromial angle (LAA), acromial Index (AI), and sub‐acromial distance (SAD) were measured on preoperative true AP view and outlet view. The location of rotator cuff tear (anterior, middle, posterior, medial, and lateral) and morphology of tear (horizontal, longitudinal, L‐shaped, and irregular shaped) were evaluated by arthroscopy. Groups were set up due to different tear location and tear morphologies, by comparing the various radiographic indices between each group (one‐way analysis of variance and t‐test), the correlation between radiographic indices and tear characteristics was investigated.

Results

We analyzed 92 shoulders from 92 patients with a mean age of 57.23 ± 8.45 years. The AS in anterior tear group (29.32 ± 6.91°) was significantly larger than that in middle tear group (18.41 ± 6.13°) (p = 0.000) and posterior tear group (24.01 ± 7.69°) (p = 0.041). The AS in posterior tear group (24.01 ± 7.69°) was significantly larger than that in middle tear group (18.41 ± 6.13°) (p = 0.029). The LAA in middle tear group (67.41 ± 6.54°) was significantly smaller than that in posterior group (72.74 ± 8.78°) (p = 0.046). The AS in longitudinal tear group (26.86 ± 8.41°) was significantly larger than that in horizontal tear group (22.05 ± 9.47°) (p = 0.035) and L‐shaped group (21.56 ± 6.62°) (p = 0.032). The LAA in horizontal group (70.60 ± 6.50°) was significantly larger than that in L‐shaped group (66.39 ± 7.31°) (p = 0.033). The AI in L‐shaped tear group (0.832 ± 0.074) was significantly larger than that in horizontal tear group (0.780 ± 0.084) (p = 0.019) and irregular tear group (0.781 ± 0.068) (p = 0.047).

Conclusion

Acromion with a larger AS and a smaller LAA tend to cause anterior or posterior rotator cuff tears rather than middle tears in sub‐acromial impingement. Meanwhile acromion with a larger AS tends to cause a longitudinal tear, a larger LAA tends to cause horizontal tears and a larger AI tends to cause L‐shaped tears.
A New Technique of Achilles Tendon Rupture Repaired by Double Transverse Mini‐incision to Avoid Sural Nerve Injury: A Consecutive Retrospective Study
Authors: Xu Lihu , Jin Jiaxin , Liu Zhongcheng , Wu Meng , Peng Bo , Jiang Jin , Liu Guangyao , He Jinwen , White Sylvia , Xia Yayi
Published: December 2022

Objective

Percutaneous suture is a classic technique used in Achilles tendon repair. However, the complication rates surrounding the sural nerve remain relatively high. Modified percutaneous repair technology can effectively avoid these complications; however, the surgical procedure is complicated. Hence, the present study was conducted to describe a redesigned repair technique for the Achilles tendon able to avoid sural nerve injury and reduce the complexity of the procedure.

Methods

Data of patients with acute primary Achilles tendon rupture at our hospital from January 2019 to May 2020 were included. Subjects with expectations for surgical scarring underwent a minimally invasive‐combined percutaneous puncture technique. The surgical time, requirement for conversion to other technologies, and length of postoperative hospitalization were investigated to assess efficacy. The American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and the Arner–Lindholm scale (A‐L scale) were used to assess postoperative clinical outcomes (> 24 months). During the 2‐year follow‐up, MRI was performed to observe the healing of the Achilles tendon. In addition, subjective satisfaction with surgical scar healing was recorded.

Results

Twenty consecutive subjects with an average follow‐up of 28.3 ± 4.5 months (range, 24–41) met the inclusion criteria. None of the 20 enrolled patients required a converted surgical approach. The mean surgical time was 26.9 ± 6.47 min (range, 20–44). None of the patients experienced dysesthesia or anesthesia around the sural nerve. No signs of postoperative infections were observed. MRI data showed that the wounds of the Achilles tendon healed completely in all the subjects. The AOFAS score increased from 55.6 ± 11.07 (range, 28–71) preoperatively to 97.8 ± 3.34 (range, 87–100) at the last follow‐up. The A‐L scale showed that 90% of the subjects (n = 18) presented as excellent and 10% of the subjects (n = 2) presented as good, with an excellent/good rate of 100%. Moreover, subjects' satisfaction for surgical scars was 9.1 ± 0.78 (upper limit, 10).

Conclusions

The results indicate that this technique can achieve good postoperative function, a small surgical incision, and high scar satisfaction. In addition, this technique should be widely used in suturing Achilles tendon ruptures.
Rare improperly treated traumatic vertical atlantoaxial dislocation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zou Qiang , Zhou Zhongjie , Yang Xi , Xiu Peng , Song Yueming , Li Yongning , Li Haibo
Published: December 2022

Background

Because of the severity and fatal outcome of traumatic vertical atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD), most patients may die in the early post‐traumatic period. The post‐injury management of patients with vertical AAD has been rarely reported. Improper treatment may lead to disastrous outcome and further aggravate the neurologic symptoms.

Case Presentation

This report describes the perioperative management and outcome of a rare improperly treated patient with traumatic vertical AAD. The severe pulmonary infection of this patient prevented further surgery for vertical AAD. After placement of a halo vest, combined with effective antibiotic drug treatment, the patient's pulmonary infection was brought under control. The patient underwent atlantoaxial fusion using C1 lateral mass screws and C2 pedicle screws with the assistance of the halo vest. A computed tomography scan at 1 year follow‐up indicated that the bone graft was fused and the patient was able to walk independently.

Conclusion

Skull traction is contraindicated in patients with traumatic vertical AAD. Application of a halo vest can be used for temporary fixation of the cervical spine and atlantoaxial fixation should be performed to maintain the stability of atlantoaxial articulation.
Policy advocacy of nongovernmental organizations in China: A quasi‐replication of Zhan and Tang (2013, 2016)
Authors: Guo Shihong
Published: December 2022

This study widely replicates the original studies by Zhan and Tang to verify the impact of political opportunities and the resources of organizations on policy advocacy, which uses a much larger sample of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) who engage with social work. The main findings of the present study are similar to those of the original studies. First, the study finds that the higher the level of government support, the more likely NGOs is to engage in policy advocacy. Second, the NGOs with stronger political connections are more active in policy advocacy. Third, the income of an organization also has a positive effect on policy advocacy. However, the number of full‐time staff, location, and the level of registration of an organization does not have a significant effect on policy advocacy. The study increases the understanding of policy advocacy and the relations between the state and society in China.
Chronic low back pain and cognitive function
Authors: Abd‐Elsayed Alaa , Gyorfi Michael
Published: December 2022

Chronic low back pain can impact cognitive function. Patient can have decreased problem‐solving abilities, decreased speed of information processing, and delayed memory in addition to the development of different psychological conditions. Treating chronic pain effectively can potentially reduce those negative effects and potentially improve patients' cognitive function.
“Put a Little Love in Your Heart”: Acceptance of Paternalistic and Ally Political Discourses Both Predict Pro‐Roma Solidarity Intentions Through Moral Inclusion
Authors: Kende Anna , Sam Nariman Hadi , Nyúl Boglárka , Badea Constantina , Lášticová Barbara , Mahfud Yara , Gruev‐Vintila Andreea , Minescu Anca , O'Connor Ashley , Boza Mihaela , Poslon Xenia Daniela , Popper Miroslav , Hadarics Márton
Published: December 2022

The way politicians talk about minorities institutes the normative context of intergroup relations. We investigated how endorsement of different political discourses predicts donation and collective action intentions by majority members toward the Roma in five European countries. The survey was conducted online using samples demographically similar to the populations of Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, France, and Ireland (N = 5,054). First, results showed that accepting paternalistic discourse versus discourse promoting allyship were not distinguishable; both promoted higher moral inclusion which in turn predicted higher prosocial intentions. Second, donations (i.e., immediate relief) and collective action (i.e., social change action) were driven by identical factors. Third, acceptance of openly hostile political discourse neither predicted moral exclusion, nor lower prosocial intentions. In summary, our research provides important evidence that when it comes to Roma—non‐Roma relations, the previously established distinction between solidarity intentions that aim to solidify status relations versus bring about social change is completely blurred, presumably because of the social context in which any positive message communicates moral inclusion challenging the hostile status quo.
From seed germination to established seedlings: a comparative evaluation in five shrub species and implications for seed‐based restoration in arid lands
Authors: Araujo Maria Emilia Rodríguez , Pérez Daniel R.
Published: December 2022

In a context of global desertification, direct seeding of native species is emerging as a hopeful technique to achieve large‐scale arid land restoration. Although low percentages of establishment have been reported for direct seeding in arid lands, it has been more cost‐effective than outplantings for some species. Therefore, in order to determine the most suitable species for direct seeding we evaluated potential germination in laboratory trials (ex situ), and seedling emergence and establishment in the field (in situ) for five shrub species from the most arid region of Argentina called “Monte.” Direct seeding was performed in three alternative environmental conditions: (1) abandoned oil‐drilling platforms, (2) bare soil patches, and (3) under the canopy of shrubs patches in cattle ranching areas. In the three cases, four soil treatments were applied: hydrogel, soil enrichment with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and clay pot irrigation. Seedling emergence and establishment after the first period of extreme weather conditions (summer) were higher in severely degraded sites (oil‐drilling platforms). In this particular condition, seedling emergence and establishment presented the highest values for Ephedra ochreata (64.8–82.8% and 26.8–46.4%, respectively) and the lowest values for Larrea divaricata (6.78–24.8% and 2.8–6.4%, respectively). These results show that direct seeding offers potential possibilities to restart processes of assisted succession in arid lands and that species selection is a key stage/phase in direct seeding success.
Canonical conformal variables based method for stability of Stokes waves
Authors: Dyachenko S. A. , Semenova A.
Published: December 2022

We study the stability of Stokes waves in an ideal fluid of infinite depth. The perturbations that are either coperiodic with a Stokes wave (superharmonics) or integer multiples of its period (subharmonics) are considered. The eigenvalue problem is formulated using the conformal canonical Hamiltonian variables and admits numerical solution in a matrix‐free manner. We find that the operator matrix of the eigenvalue problem can be factored into a product of two operators: a self‐adjoint operator and an operator inverted analytically. Moreover, the self‐adjoint operator matrix is efficiently inverted by a Krylov‐space‐based method and enjoys spectral accuracy. Application of the operator matrix associated with the eigenvalue problem requires only flops, where N is the number of Fourier modes needed to resolve a Stokes wave. Additionally, due to the matrix‐free approach, storage for the matrix of coefficients is no longer required. The new method is based on the shift‐invert technique, and its application is illustrated in the classic examples of the Benjamin–Feir and the superharmonic instabilities. Simulations confirm numerical results of preceding works and recent theoretical work for the Benjamin–Feir instability (for small amplitude waves), and new results for large amplitude waves are shown.
Older home care clients' experiences of digitalisation: A qualitative study of experiences of the use of robot for medicines management
Authors: Turjamaa Riitta , Vaismoradi Mojtaba , Kangasniemi Mari
Published: December 2022

Background

Home‐living older people with multiple medications are a key target group for medication robots. However, our understanding of how robots for medicines management work in older people's daily lives is limited.

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe older home care clients' experiences of the implementation and use of a robot for medicines management at home.

Design

A qualitative interview study.

Methods

Data were collected during spring and autumn 2021 using semi‐structured individual interviews with older home care clients (n = 38). The data were analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results

The older home care clients had positive experiences with the use of technology for the medication process, but they also faced challenges in their daily life activities. Implementation and use of the robot required open‐mindedness, satisfaction with the implementation, and the opportunity to practice the use of the robot with a nurse. However, the current design and size of the robot for medicines management in home care still need development, given that our research participants did not feel included in the robot development process.

Conclusion

The use of digital solutions will increase older people's home care. Therefore, there is a need to deepen our understanding of the implementation and use of digital solutions to prevent digital challenges and to provide a more comprehensive picture of this phenomenon. In addition, research focusing on whether the use of the robot affects medication administration incidents and medication adherence should be conducted to improve the safety of medicines management.
Unraveling the genetics underlying micronutrient signatures of diversity panel present in brown rice through genome–ionome linkages
Authors: Pasion Erstelle A. , Misra Gopal , Kohli Ajay , Sreenivasulu Nese
Published: December 2022

Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important staple crop to address the Hidden Hunger problem not only in Asia but also in Africa where rice is fast becoming an important source of calories. The brown rice (whole grain with bran) is known to be more nutritious due to elevated mineral composition. The genetics underlying brown rice ionome (sum total of such mineral composition) remains largely unexplored. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive study to dissect the genetic architecture of the brown rice ionome. We used genome‐wide association studies, gene set analysis, and targeted association analysis for 12 micronutrients in the brown rice grains. A diverse panel of 300 resequencedindicaaccessions, with more than 1.02 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, was used. We identified 109 candidate genes with 5–20% phenotypic variation explained for the 12 micronutrients and identified epistatic interactions with multiple micronutrients. Pooling all candidate genes per micronutrient exhibited phenotypic variation explained values ranging from 11% to almost 40%. The key donor lines with larger concentrations for most of the micronutrients possessed superior alleles, which were absent in the breeding lines. Through gene regulatory networks we identified enriched functional pathways for central regulators that were detected as key candidate genes through genome‐wide association studies. This study provided important insights on the ionome variations in rice, on the genetic basis of the genome–ionome relationships and on the molecular mechanisms underlying micronutrient signatures.
Inactivation of SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity in platelet concentrates or plasma following treatment with ultraviolet C light or with methylene blue combined with visible light
Authors: Hobson‐Peters Jody , Amarilla Alberto A. , Rustanti Lina , Marks Denese C. , Roulis Eileen , Khromykh Alexander A. , Modhiran Naphak , Watterson Daniel , Reichenberg Stefan , Tolksdorf Frank , Sumian Chryslain , Seltsam Axel , Gravemann Ute , Faddy Helen M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is unlikely to be a major transfusion‐transmitted pathogen; however, convalescent plasma is a treatment option used in some regions. The risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections can be minimized by implementing Pathogen Inactivation (PI), such as THERAFLEX MB‐plasma and THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets systems. Here we examined the capability of these PI systems to inactivate SARS‐CoV‐2.

Study Design and Methods

SARS‐CoV‐2 spiked plasma units were treated using the THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma system in the presence of methylene blue (~0.8 μmol/L; visible light doses: 20, 40, 60, and 120 [standard] J/cm2). SARS‐CoV‐2 spiked platelet concentrates (PCs) were treated using the THERAFLEX UV‐platelets system (UVC doses: 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 [standard] J/cm2). Samples were taken prior to the first and after each illumination dose, and viral infectivity was assessed using an immunoplaque assay.

Results

Treatment of spiked plasma with the THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma system resulted in an average ≥5.03 log10 reduction in SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity at one third (40 J/cm2) of the standard visible light dose. For the platelet concentrates (PCs), treatment with the THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets system resulted in an average ≥5.18 log10 reduction in SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity at the standard UVC dose (0.2 J/cm2).

Conclusions

SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity was reduced in plasma and platelets following treatment with the THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma and THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets systems, to the limit of detection, respectively. These PI technologies could therefore be an effective option to reduce the risk of transfusion‐transmitted emerging pathogens.
The impact ofCOVID‐19 on international tourism flows to Italy: Evidence from mobile phone data
Authors: Della Corte Valerio , Doria Claudio , Oddo Giacomo
Published: December 2022

This paper analyses the response to the COVID‐19 pandemic of inbound tourism to Italy looking at variation across countries and provinces. To this end, it uses weekly data on the number of foreign visitors in Italy from January 2019 until February 2021, as provided by a primary mobile telephony operator. We document a very robust negative relation at the province level between the local epidemic situation and the inflow of foreign travellers. Moreover, provinces with a historically higher share in art‐tourism, and those that used to be ‘hotel intensive’ were hit the most during the pandemic, while provinces with a more prevalent orientation to business tourism proved to be more resilient. Entry restrictions with varying degrees of strictness played a key role in explaining cross‐country patterns. After controlling for these restrictions, we observed that the number of travellers that could arrive by private means of transportation decreased proportionally less. Overall, this evidence emphasises that contagion risk considerations played a significant role in shaping international tourism patterns during the pandemic.
On simple and interlaced property of the zeros of two entire functions
Authors: Liu Tao , Wei Guangsheng
Published: December 2022

This paper is concerned with two pairs , of entire functions of ‐type. We give conditions under which the zeros of and are real and interlaced for each . This result is used to deal with the inverse problems for the special transmission eigenvalue problem: with
We prove that, if its characteristic function has only nonreal zeros, then for each , there exists a unique real‐valued function such that the corresponding characteristic function of is .
A note on forward iteration of inner functions
Authors: Ferreira Gustavo R.
Published: December 2022

A well‐known problem in holomorphic dynamics is to obtain Denjoy–Wolff‐type results for compositions of self‐maps of the unit disc. Here, we tackle the particular case of inner functions: if are inner functions fixing the origin, we show that a limit function of is either constant or an inner function. For the special case of Blaschke products, we prove a similar result and show, furthermore, that imposing certain conditions on the speed of convergence guarantees convergence of the boundary extensions. We give a counterexample showing that, without these extra conditions, the boundary extensions may diverge at all points of .
Various subgroups of Aut(Cn)${\rm{Aut}}({\mathbb{C}}^{n})$
Authors: Lin Zhangli , Zhou Xiangyu
Published: December 2022

In this paper, using ideas of Andersén and Lempert on the group of holomorphic automorphisms (), we prove that the subgroups in and () generated by different types of ‘shears’ are all distinct, which answer affirmatively to two conjectures posed by Forstnerič.
A Teichmüller space for negatively curved surfaces
Authors: Hitchin Nigel
Published: December 2022

We first describe the action of the fundamental group of a closed surface of variable negative curvature on the oriented geodesics in its universal covering in terms of a naturally defined flat connection whose holonomy lies in the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of . Consideration of the holonomy necessitates an extension from Riemannian to Finsler metrics. The second part of the paper follows the Higgs bundle approach to flat connections adapted to this infinite‐dimensional group and focuses on a family of metrics, relying on a construction of O. Biquard, which is parametrised by the infinite‐dimensional space of CR functions on the unit circle bundle of a hyperbolic surface. This generates an alternative approach to defining a connection and offers the possibility of this vector space representing a moduli space which generalizes and includes the classical Teichmüller space.
Clima de aula, estilo docente y educación para la convivencia y la ciudadanía
Authors: Lara Salcedo Luz Marina , Rodríguez Ávila Gloria Inés , Parada Ramírez Adriana , Pinzón Niño Oscar Iván , Valderrama Castiblanco Jhon Jairo
Published: December 2022

Clima de aula, estilo docente y educación para la convivencia y la ciudadanía surge del trabajo colectivo entre docentes investigadores y estudiantes de la Maestría en Educación de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Esta cartilla es el resultado de un estudio que se desarrolló en el marco del grupo de investigación Formación, subjetividades y políticas de la Facultad de Educación.
Estudios del rururbano: teorías y métodos, regulación, impacto ambiental, turismo, patrimonio, mercado y servicios
Authors: Pérez Martínez Manuel Enrique , Nates-Cruz Beatriz , Acosta-Nates Paola , Cabeza-Morales Israel , Kenbel Claudia , Galimberti Silvina , Demarchi Paola , Alberto Jorge Alfredo , Arce Guillermo Antonio , Duis Urte , Mugica Graciela , Erbetta Hugo , Romero Novoa Jorge Alessandri , Marsiglia Escudero Viviana , Pérez Martínez Manuel Enrique , Márquez Campuzano Yolanda , Aradas Díaz María Elena , García Ruiz Dulce Esmeralda , Cendejas Magdaleno Andrea Isabel , Cavanus Aline Vicente , Moreira Tomás Antonio , Cardoso María Mercedes , Carñel Griselda Elena , Caeiro Rafael Enrique , Mignone Aníbal Marcelo , Castro Gerardo , Kindernecht Natalia , Luna Julio Oscar David , Román Núñez Yenny Constanza , Nieto Daniela Patricia , Sosa Brenda Daiana , Crovetto María Marcela , Alves Flamarion Dutra , Almança de Morais Me. Iole , Ino Akemi , Cajicá Cañas Marlyn Johana , Martínez Toro Pedro Martín , Vargas Montealegre Juan Sebastián , Canencio-Nates Mónica Fernanda , Corrêa Neto Jacy Soares , Viana Leonelli Gisela Cunha
Published: December 2022

El presente libro es el resultado de investigación de distintos proyectos en América Latina que se enlazan desde el Programa-Red Estudios del Rururbano en América Latina (ELER). Por este motivo, es necesario, antes de continuar con los antecedentes que llevan al ELER a pensar en una segunda publicación luego de su fundación en 2019, explicar qué entendemos por rururbano. Lo rururbano es una configuración territorial que puede ubicarse básicamente en tres órdenes: en los márgenes del campo y de la ciudad, en lo rural excentrado con modos de vida urbanos-urbanizados en el campo o, también, en los modos de vida rurales de la ciudad.
Phase separation in polymer-based biomimetic structures containing planar membranes
Authors: Bina Maryame , Sciortino Flavien , Mahrir Agata N.
Published: December 2022

Phase separation in biological membranes is crucial for proper cellular functions, such as signaling and trafficking, as it mediates the interactions of condensates on membrane-bound organelles and transmembrane transport to targeted destination compartments. The separation of a lipid bilayer into phases and the formation of lipid rafts involve the restructuring of molecular localization, their immobilization, and local accumulation. By understanding the processes underlying the formation of lipid rafts in a cellular membrane, it is possible to reconstitute this phenomenon in synthetic biomimetic membranes, such as hybrids of lipids and polymers or membranes composed solely of polymers, which offer an increased physicochemical stability and unlimited possibilities of chemical modification and functionalization. In this article, we relate the main lipid bilayer phase transition phenomenon with respect to hybrid biomimetic membranes, composed of lipids mixed with polymers, and fully synthetic membranes. Following, we review the occurrence of phase separation in biomimetic hybrid membranes based on lipids and/or direct lipid analogs, amphiphilic block copolymers. We further exemplify the phase separation and the resulting properties and applications in planar membranes, free-standing and solid-supported. We briefly list methods leading to the formation of such biomimetic membranes and reflect on their improved overall stability and influence on the separation into different phases within the membranes. Due to the importance of phase separation and compartmentalization in cellular membranes, we are convinced that this compiled overview of this phenomenon will be helpful for any researcher in the biomimicry area.
Walking on snow-covered Arctic sea ice to infer ice thickness
Authors: Reeder D. Benjamin , Joseph John E. , Hill Ann M. , Ainslie Kristen N.
Published: December 2022

The ice-covered Arctic Ocean constitutes a unique underwater acoustic waveguide; it is a half-channel, upward refracting environment possessing a rough upper boundary consisting of sea ice of varying thickness. The sea ice itself is an acoustic waveguide, capable of supporting the propagation of compressional and shear waves. In particular, the ice supports compressional wave resonances created by impulsive forces on the upper surface of the ice. During ICEX20 and ICEX22, observations were made of compressional wave resonances excited by hammer drops, as well as by near-impulsive signals generated from the compression of dry snow underfoot while walking on the ice. Results demonstrate that ice thickness can be inferred from compressional wave resonances in the sea ice waveguide using signals generated by walking on the snow-covered ice. Inferred ice thickness estimates were consistent with observations made by magnetic induction and physical measurements in holes drilled through the ice. Average first- and multi-year ice thicknesses were inferred to be 1.1–1.3 m and 2.4–2.5 m, respectively.
Applications of Zvonkin’s Transform to Stationary Kolmogorov Equations
Authors: Bogachev V. I. , Röckner M. , Shaposhnikov S. V.
Published: December 2022

Abstract—

In this note we develop a new analytic version of Zvonkin’s transform of the drift coefficient of a stationary Kolmogorov equation and apply this transform to derive the Harnack inequality for nonnegative solutions in the case where the diffusion matrix is not locally Sobolev. We also obtain a generalization of the known theorem of Hasminskii on existence of a probability solution to the stationary Kolmogorov equation.
On the Equivalence of Singular and Ill-Posed Problems: The p-Factor Regularization Method
Authors: Evtushenko Yu. G. , Bednarczuk E. , Prusinska A. , Tret’yakov A. A.
Published: December 2022

The local equivalence of singular and ill-posed problems in a class of sufficiently smooth mappings is shown, which justifies the use of the p-factor regularization method to solve them. The main constructions in p-regularity theory that are necessary for stable solution of approximate problems are described, and estimation theorems for regularizing algorithms are proved.
Joint Modeling of Wave Phenomena by Applying the Grid-Characteristic Method and the Discontinuous Galerkin Method
Authors: Petrov I. B. , Favorskaya A. V.
Published: December 2022

The aim of this work is to develop a hybrid computational method that combines the grid-characteristic method on regular structured grids with the discontinuous Galerkin method on unstructured tetrahedral grids. The proposed method makes it possible to describe integration domains with complex-shaped boundaries and contact boundaries and to calculate seismic fields taking into account the topography of the Earth’s surface, while saving computational resources. This modification of the method in the three-dimensional case has been proposed in this paper for the first time. Examples of using the developed method for calculating elastic wave phenomena arising during seismic prospecting are given. By way of testing, a comparison is made with results produced by the grid-characteristic method on curvilinear structured grids. The proposed hybrid method can be used not only for seismic prospecting, but also for calculating wave phenomena in other objects of complex shape.
Charged black holes from a family of Born–Infeld-type electrodynamics models
Authors: Belmar-Herrera Sebastián , Balart Leonardo
Published: December 2022

We present a family of nonlinear electrodynamics models that are free of the infinite self-energy of the point charge. Each model is dependent on a dimensional nonlinearity parameter and is determined by the integer value of a dimensionless parameter [Formula: see text]. The Born–Infeld model is recovered when [Formula: see text]. Some of the characteristics of this family are studied. In addition, we study the solutions of electrically charged AdS black holes, which result from coupling these electrodynamic models to General Relativity. A Smarr formula consistent with the first law of thermodynamics is also obtained in an extended phase space.
Tidal effects in AdS charged torus-like black hole
Authors: Abbas G. , Asgher M.
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we analyze the tidal effects of anti-de Sitter charged black holes. The tidal force components are obtained by Riemann tensor on tetrad basis and geodesic deviation equation. The radial components of tidal force have the same changes outside the horizon if the charge mass ratio is closer to each other, unlike in Reissner–Nordström BHs. The angular tidal forces increase infinitely with increase of charge and [Formula: see text]. We derive the geodesic deviation equation on a neutral body for anti-de Sitter torus like charged black hole. We find the radial and angular tidal forces on the neutral body. Furthermore, we express the graphical behavior of radial and angular components for the most suitable initial conditions.
Impact of Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman model on generalized Eyring–Powell liquid subject to Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion aspects
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Anjum N. , Shahid H. , Irfan M. , Waqas M. , Khan W. A.
Published: December 2022

In this study, influence of non-Fourier’s heat flux in 2D Darcy Forchheimer flow of modified Eyring–Powell for a stretching sheet is discussed. Here, thermal conductivity of modified Eyring–Powell model depends upon temperature and porosity variable as well as Cattaneo–Christov heat-mass flux effects are also considered. By means of some suitable similarity transformations and simple BCs, coupled PDEs are transformed into a set of coupled ODEs. Resulting ODEs are solved by using bvp4c technique. The graphical results are obtained via MATLAB. The pictorial outcomes of some physical parameters are displayed. The acquired outcomes disclosed that temperature gradient decreases with the growing values of thermal relaxation parameter Prandtl number, while the concentration profile decreases for higher Lewis number.
Green synthesis and characterizations of citric acid-functionalized graphene oxide via electrochemical method: In situ surface modification using citric acid
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar , Sharma Kamal , Singh Pradeep Kumar
Published: December 2022

Surface modification by using citric acid (CA) in the graphene is a process to modify the physicochemical properties of graphene oxide. The strategy that has been proposed depends upon the electrochemical exfoliation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and simultaneously, the surface modification of rGO with CA carried out in accordance with the green technique. The synthesis of graphene oxide that has been doped with CA was accomplished via an electrochemical process in an aqueous medium containing fresh lime juice and sulphuric acid (electrolyte heating aided method at [Formula: see text]C) as an electrolyte. The electrolyte has been prepared using CA & H2SO4 (sulphuric acid), and both were mixed in a proportion of 1:2. In order to dilute the H2SO4 and perform the sonication, the water that has been pasteurized (according to the USP standards for irrigation) was used. The crystallite size, structural disorder, structure and surface morphology of the CA-doped graphene oxide were identified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The presence of oxygen-containing functional group and adsorption has been analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the CA-doped, and without CA-doped thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) has been analyzed via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A green, simple, and environmentally friendly method has been demonstrated for the synthesis of CA-doped TRGO by electrochemical synthesis method by using natural dopant.