bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power electronics anomaly detection and diagnosis with machine learning and deep learning methods: A survey
Authors: Hossein Rahimighazvini  , Zeyad Khashroum  , Maryam Bahrami  , Milad Hadizadeh Masali
Published: March 2024

Power electronics pertains to the conception, regulation, and utilization of electronic power circuits to proficiently administer and transform electrical energy. Power electronics play a crucial role in maintaining the reliability, efficiency, and security of complex production systems. Also, increasingly important in various applications such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and industrial automation. However, modern power electronics systems are vulnerable to both cyber and physical anomalies due to the integration of information and communication technologies. So far, different methods have been used to detect abnormalities. This survey provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in anomaly detection in power electronics using machine learning and deep learning methods. It highlights the potential of these techniques in addressing the growing complexity and vulnerability of power electronics systems.
The influence of work environment and work discipline on employee performance with motivation as an intervening variable of PT Hutama Binjai-Brandan Infrastructure Works Zone IV
Authors: Ali Mashur Jamhuri  , Kiki Farida Ferine  , Mesra B
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the Influence of Work Environment and Work Discipline on Employee Performance with Motivation as an Intervening Variable of PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Binjai-Brandan Zone IV. The research method used in this study was causal associative. The population in this study is employees of PT. Hutama Karya Infrastruktur who works at the Binjai-Brandan Zone IV branch office which has staff and non-managerial positions, amounting to 70 employees (permanent employees and contract employees). Determination of the number of samples using the saturated sample method. The source of data used in this study is primary data. Data collection techniques by means of observation in the field, interviewing respondents and distributing research questionnaires. And the data analysis technique used is analysis, namely structural equation analysis (SEM) using PLS (Partial Least Squares) statistical tool software. The results showed that Work Discipline had a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. Work Discipline does not have a positive and significant effect on Work Motivation. Work Environment does not have a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. Work Environment has a positive and significant effect on Work Motivation. Work Motivation has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. Work discipline has no effect and is not significant on employee performance through work motivation. The work environment influences and significantly affects employee performance through work motivation.
The influence of directive leadership style and work motivation on employee performance with career development as an intervening variable at PT Hutama Karya Infrastructure for Pekanbaru-Padang Toll Road Development, Padang Siring Section
Authors: Alfajri Suzeno  , Muhammad Isa Indrawan  , Mesra B
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the Influence of Directive Leadership Style and Work Motivation on Employee Performance with Career Development as an Intervening Variable at PT Hutama Karya Infrastructure for the Construction of the Pekanbaru-Padang Toll Road, Padang Sicincin Section. This research is a quantitative research. The population in this study is all employees of PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Pembangunan Tol Pekanbaru-Padang, Padang Siring Section which totals 259 employees. The sampling technique used was purposive random sampling using the slovin formula so that the number of samples was 79 respondents. The data used are primary data obtained from observations and interviews, and secondary data obtained from documentation, books and scientific journals. The analysis method used in this study is the path analysis method (Path Analysis) to see the direct and indirect influence between variables. The results of this study show that the variable Directive leadership style has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Pekanbaru-Padang Toll Road Development, Padang Sicincin Section. The directive leadership style has a positive and significant effect on the career development of employees of PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Pekanbaru-Padang Toll Road Development, Padang Sicincin Section. Motivation has a positive and but not significant effect on the performance of employees of PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Pekanbaru-Padang Toll Road Development, Padang Sicincin. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on the career development of employees of PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Pekanbaru-Padang Toll Road Development, Padang Sicinring Section. Employee career development does not have a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Pekanbaru-Padang Toll Road Development, Padang Sicincin Section. Employee Career Development does not play a role in mediating the influence of motivation on the performance of employees of PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Pekanbaru-Padang Toll Road Development, Padang Sicincin Section. Employee Career Development plays a role in mediating the influence of directive leadership style on employee performance of PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Pekanbaru-Padang Toll Road Development, Padang Sicincin Section.
Optimization of well design and bit selection to reduce drilling cost and improve efficiency
Authors: Ndubuisi Elizabeth Chinyerem  , Maha Ifeanyi Emmanuel  , Iloke Emeka
Published: March 2024

Drilling oil and gas well at the lowest possible cost has always been paramount to drilling engineers in order to achieve their company’s objectives. However, in most cases, this is not attained because of the problem associated with the drilling bit selection, drilling design and drilling parameters. As it is a fact that the large chunk of the cost of bringing oil and gas to the surface is always incurred at the drilling/completion stage. In this study, data were gathered from selected 5 Niger Delta wells and were analyzed. These data were used to calculate the costs of drill bits and the bits with lowest costs. The drilling cost was studied and optimization procedure employed to select the best bit from well data obtained. Bits RSS1, RSS2, RSS3, RSS4, GX1 and BX1 that were used to drill, were select for this study. Drilling cost relation was to ascertain the most cost-effective one. Drilling with bit RSS1 showed the lowest cost possible, therefore RSS1 was said to be optimized. In consideration of the drill bit specific energy (SE) with respect to the ROP, RSSI showed a low value, indicating minimal energy requirement for the successful drilling operation. Conclusively, the SE is a function of ROP and ROP was highest at the minimum SE. Optimized where the drilling cost was minimum.
Titanium innovations: Transforming dentistry with advanced materials: A narrative review
Authors: Swati Chaudhary  , Anand Chaudhary
Published: March 2024

Titanium has emerged as a fundamental material in various aspects of dentistry due to its exceptional properties, including biocompatibility, strength, and corrosion resistance. This abstract provides an overview of the application of titanium in dentistry, focusing on its role in dental implants, orthodontic appliances, prosthetic components, and other clinical applications. Titanium dental implants have revolutionized tooth replacement by offering stable and durable solutions that promote osseointegration and preserve bone health. In orthodontics, titanium alloys are utilized for brackets, wires, and other appliances, providing strength and flexibility for efficient tooth movement. Additionally, titanium-based prosthetic components, such as crowns and bridges, offer reliable restorative options with lifelike aesthetics and long-term durability. The versatility of titanium continues to drive advancements in dental materials and technologies, with ongoing research efforts focused on enhancing surface properties, exploring novel alloys, and integrating digital workflows. As titanium remains at the forefront of dental materials science, its widespread application underscores its significance in improving patient outcomes and advancing oral healthcare.
Nanotechnology in consumer products: A review of applications and safety considerations
Authors: Igberaese Clinton Festus-Ikhuoria  , Nwankwo Constance Obiuto  , Riliwan Adekola Adebayo  , Oladiran Kayode Olajiga
Published: March 2024

Nanotechnology has emerged as a groundbreaking field with significant implications for consumer products, revolutionizing various industries. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the applications and safety considerations associated with nanotechnology in consumer products. The applications of nanotechnology in consumer products span diverse sectors, including electronics, healthcare, textiles, and cosmetics. Nanomaterials exhibit unique properties at the nanoscale, enabling enhanced functionalities and improved performance in products. In electronics, nanotechnology has enabled the development of smaller and more efficient devices, while in healthcare, nanoscale drug delivery systems offer targeted and personalized treatments. Nanofabricated textiles provide improved durability and performance, and nanocosmetics enhance product efficacy. Despite the promising applications, safety considerations are paramount in the integration of nanotechnology into consumer products. The unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials raise concerns about their potential toxicity and environmental impact. Understanding and mitigating these risks are crucial for ensuring the responsible development and use of nanotechnology in consumer goods. Regulatory bodies and researchers are actively working to establish safety guidelines and assess potential health and environmental risks associated with nanoproducts. This review explores the current state of nanotechnology in consumer products, highlighting specific applications and addressing safety concerns. It emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that maximizes the benefits of nanotechnology while minimizing potential risks. The integration of nanomaterials into consumer goods holds immense promise for innovation, efficiency, and sustainability. However, a thorough understanding of safety considerations is essential to foster public confidence and ensure the responsible advancement of nanotechnology in the realm of consumer products.
AI-enhanced manufacturing robotics: A review of applications and trends
Authors: Riliwan Adekola Adebayo  , Nwankwo Constance Obiuto  , Oladiran Kayode Olajiga  , Igberaese Clinton Festus-Ikhuoria
Published: March 2024

This review explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on manufacturing robotics, elucidating a comprehensive overview of applications and emerging trends within the realm of smart manufacturing. As industries increasingly embrace Industry 4.0 principles, the integration of AI into manufacturing robots has become pivotal for enhancing efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability. The synergy of AI and manufacturing robotics has resulted in a plethora of applications that redefine traditional manufacturing processes. Machine learning algorithms empower robots with predictive maintenance capabilities, allowing them to anticipate and address equipment issues before they escalate. Computer vision technologies enable robots to perceive and interpret visual information, enhancing their ability to handle complex tasks such as quality inspection and object recognition. AI-driven collaborative robots, or cobots, seamlessly interact with human workers, optimizing workflow and productivity. Furthermore, AI-enhanced robotics play a crucial role in autonomous material handling, logistics, and supply chain management, streamlining operations in diverse manufacturing environments. Recent trends in AI-enhanced manufacturing robotics underscore the dynamic evolution of this field. Edge computing is gaining prominence, allowing robots to process data locally and respond in real-time, minimizing latency and enhancing overall system performance. The advent of reinforcement learning has empowered robots to adapt and optimize their actions based on dynamic manufacturing environments, leading to improved flexibility and adaptability. The integration of digital twins facilitates virtual simulations, enabling manufacturers to model and analyze the behavior of robotic systems before physical implementation. Explainable AI is emerging as a critical trend, ensuring transparency and interpretability in complex decision-making processes of AI-driven robotic systems. The integration of AI into manufacturing robotics represents a paradigm shift, revolutionizing traditional manufacturing practices. This review highlights the myriad applications and trends shaping the landscape of AI-enhanced manufacturing robotics. As industries continue to invest in smart manufacturing technologies, the collaborative synergy of AI and robotics is poised to drive unprecedented advancements in efficiency, quality, and agility within the manufacturing sector.
Laser-assisted healing: transforming periodontal and prosthodontic treatments: A narrative review
Authors: Mohan Rawat  , Aditya Ranjan  , Pooja Velraj  , Saksham Kulshreshtha  , Nihal Ahamed A
Published: March 2024

Laser technology has emerged as a transformative tool in modern dentistry, offering precision, efficiency, and enhanced healing capabilities in periodontal and prosthodontic treatments. This abstract explores the significant impact of laser-assisted therapies on the management of periodontal diseases and the fabrication of dental prostheses. Laser therapy in periodontics involves various applications, including soft tissue management, decontamination of periodontal pockets, and promotion of tissue regeneration. Similarly, in prosthodontics, lasers are utilized for precise tissue sculpting, implant site preparation, and accelerated healing around dental implants. The integration of lasers into periodontal and prosthodontic practice has led to improved treatment outcomes, reduced patient discomfort, and enhanced esthetic results. This abstract highlights the transformative potential of laser-assisted healing in periodontal and prosthodontic treatments, emphasizing the need for further research and clinical integration to maximize its benefits for patients.
Influence of cooking method on the nutrients of young Myrianthus arboreus leaves
Authors: Djézro Rhute GNEPROU  , Patrice Désiré Yapi Assoi YAPI  , Kouassi Martial-Didier ADINGRA  , Chépo Ghislaine DAN
Published: March 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cooking on the nutritional properties of young leaves of Myrianthus arboreus used in the preparation of sauces. The young leaves of Myrianthus arboreus cooked with steam and water at different times (10, 20 and 30 minutes) constituted the plant material. The analyzes carried out using standard and referenced methods focused on the biochemical composition. It appears from the results that the parameters studied undergo a significant decrease depending on the time and the cooking method with higher losses for cooking in water. Thus, fresh leaves of Myrianthus arboreus with contents of Ca (1203.06), K (1881.30) and Fe (7.55) undergo progressive losses from 16.11 to 39.70% and 8.52 to 29.32%; 36.09 to 61.06% and 18.18 to 46.80%; and 24.50 to 58.01% and 8.21 to 37.35% respectively for cooking with water and steam after 10 and 30 min. Regarding fiber, the results indicate that both cooking methods led to an increase in fiber. However, cooking in water gave a higher fiber rate (57.98%) than steam cooking (53.01%) after 30 min. Also, the amino acid profile shows the presence of 10 amino acids with 7 essential amino acids. These amino acid levels decrease and sometimes disappear with different cooking methods. Except, lysine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid which are present in these young leaves whatever the time and cooking method. To better benefit from the nutrients of the young leaves of Myrianthus arboreus, steaming for 10 minutes would be the most appropriate cooking.
Tetrahydrocarbazoles as potential therapeutic agents: A review of their synthesis and biological activities
Authors: Sibaji Sarkar  , Shubham Makvana  , Disha Hirani  , Isha Makadia  , Khyati Dholariya  , Harsh Dhokia  , Nency Vanpariya
Published: March 2024

Tetrahydrocarbazoles (THCs) are a remarkable class of compounds characterized by a privileged structural scaffold centered around the natural indole moiety. This extraordinary framework appears in a multitude of naturally occurring pharmacological compounds and alkaloids, demonstrating significant inhibitory activities such as antibacterial effects, protein kinase inhibition, and tumor growth suppression. Given its versatile biological properties, THC consistently the attention of the scientific community.The primary objective of this review is to create a comprehensive reference on the synthesis and biological properties of THCs. In simpler terms, we aim to provide a detailed assessment of various catalysts, including their reaction conditions , synthesis and biological activity This review targets a broad audience interested in understanding the fascinating world of tetrahydrocarbazoles and their impact on medicine and biology .
Sexual Education- Reassessing HIV prevention policies on an international level: Review
Authors: MYRTO PATAGIA BAKARAKI  , PANAGIOTIS GIANNAKOS
Published: March 2024

Objective: To reassess the social and behavioural interventions alongside the medical ones in sexual education, the prevention of HIV/AIDS in countries with low, middle and high socioeconomic status. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: 25 electronic references without geographical limitations to December 2013 gathered from International organizations including US CDC and ECDC as well as high impact journals. Review methods: A reviewer applied inclusion criteria and extracted data from the latest reports of ECDC, CDC, and UNAIDS. The data came from countries with low and middle socioeconomic status. Statistical rates for condom use, sterile syringes, and testing and counseling were employed. Randomized and quasirandomised controlled trials of abstinence only and plus programmes, medical male circumcision, pre-exposure prophylaxis, antiretroviral treatment, and sexually transmitted infections were included. Results: The search identified 13 trials pertaining to abstinence programmes, approximately 2 regarding medical male circumcision and 1 regarding sexually transmitted infections. All outcomes were self reported. It was found that most of the intervention programmes are not deployed together. This approach bears fruits in sexual education, in HIV prevention. Yet, if interventions were used in compilation then results would have been even better. Conclusion: Future sexual education intervention programmes must adopt the eclectic approach. HIV prevention programmes must combine all of the social and behavioural as well as medical interventions and not focus on solely one separated out intervention.
Instructional supervision and students’ grades at completion in private and public universities, Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Asmaa ElSayed Emara  , Sofia Sol Gaite  , Muhammad Kibuuka  , Specioza Asiimwe
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the effect of instructional supervision on students’ grades at completion in public and private universities, Kampala Uganda. Using a descriptive correlational and a cross sectional survey design, the objective was set to examine the effect of instructional supervision on students’ grades at completion. .The study targeted university staff and sampled 750 lecturers from two public and two private universities. A researcher constructed questionnaire was employed to collect data on effectiveness of instructional supervision. While secondary data on students’ grades at completion for two years, 2019 and 2022, was obtained from the four universities. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics; frequencies as well as means and standard deviations at a university level. At a bivariate level, student’s two independent samples t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient were used. At multivariate level, multiple linear regression and multivariate analysis of variance and covariates (MANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed that; instructional supervision was generally weak among the four universities studied (overall mean = 2.41= Weak IS; SD =0 .725); students’ grades at completion were generally fair, with only less than 55% of the students graduating what is considered good grades (first class and second class upper) degrees, while about 45% attained what is considered poor grades (second class lower and pass) degrees; the GLM MANOVA revealed that instructional supervision significantly affects students’ grades at completion (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.967; F= 2.029;Sig. =.019;Partial Eta2 =0 .011). .The researcher recommends that, to improve students’ grades at completion, university managers and administrators should strengthen instructional supervision through involving academic staff, HODs, Deans/ principals and Director academic affairs, in supervision planning, ensuring that lecture monitoring is done by professional and competent staff, regularly and consistently from the beginning to the end and improving feedback provision, ensuring that lecturers are given immediate feedback about their strength and weaknesses and supporting them through simple discussions and dialogue with more experienced lecture observers .
A Model for integrating data governance and information management systems: Enhancing decision-making across industries
Authors: Iveren M. Leghemo  , Chinekwu Somtochukwu Odionu  , Osinachi Deborah Segun-Falade  , Chima Azubuike
Published: March 2024

In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, the integration of data governance and information management systems has become critical for organizations aiming to enhance decision-making processes across various industries. This model proposes a comprehensive framework that seamlessly integrates data governance principles with advanced information management systems to ensure data accuracy, consistency, security, and accessibility. The model addresses the increasing complexity of data environments by establishing clear governance policies, standardized data practices, and robust data stewardship roles. It emphasizes the importance of aligning data governance with organizational objectives, ensuring that data assets are leveraged effectively to drive strategic decisions. The proposed model also incorporates cutting-edge technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), to automate data management tasks, enhance data quality, and provide predictive analytics capabilities. By integrating these technologies, organizations can optimize data processing, reduce operational costs, and improve the timeliness and relevance of decision-making. The model further highlights the significance of a centralized data management platform that facilitates real-time data sharing and collaboration across departments, fostering a data-driven culture within organizations. Moreover, the model underscores the importance of compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards, ensuring that data governance practices adhere to legal and ethical guidelines. By implementing this integrated approach, organizations can mitigate data risks, enhance data transparency, and build trust with stakeholders. The model is adaptable to various industries, including healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and telecommunications, offering a scalable solution to the challenges of managing complex data ecosystems. In conclusion, this model provides a strategic blueprint for integrating data governance and information management systems, enabling organizations to make informed, data-driven decisions. It supports the transformation of data into valuable insights, driving innovation, operational efficiency, and competitive advantage in the digital era.
Increasing Tourist Visits Through Ecotourism Elements, Electronic Word of Mouth and Destination Image
Authors: Yolanda Dian Rani , Susdiani Laela
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of ecotourism elements, electronic word of mouth and destination image on visit decisions. This study  is an explanatory research with  quantitative methods. The object of this study is the Harau Valley Area, Lima Puluh Kota Regency in West Sumatra. The non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling was used to determine the sample for this research. The sample of this study were respondents aged more than 18 years who had visited and accessed information related to the Harau Valley tourist attraction through the website and various existing social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram, and others. This research utilizes primary data obtained through field research by distributing questionnaires directly to 170 visitors in the Harau Valley Tourism Area. Multiple linear regression were used as the test tools for this study. The data was processed using the SPSS program.The results show that there are significant influence between ecotourism elements, electronic word of mouth and destination image on visit decision.
Pengaruh Risiko Kredit terhadap Profitabilitas pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat di Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Alexander Alexander , Cuandra Fendy
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of credit risk, liquidity risk, leverage, bank size, operating efficiency, inflation, gross domestic sales on profitability. This research uses quantitative method techniques and uses a purpose sampling method in analyzing research objects which also uses cross section and time series studies. The object of this research is the Rural Banks in the Riau Islands. A sample of 35 Rural Banks registered with the Financial Services Authority in the period 2017 to 2022. Data analysis used the SPSS Statistics 25 application and EViews 12 to obtain descriptive statistical data, panel regression analysis, F test, t test, and coefficient of determination. The results show that there is a significant influence on several variables. Where the variables credit risk, leverage, bank size, operating efficiency and inflation have a significant negative effect on profitability and the gross domestic gross variable also has a positive relationship with profitability. Meanwhile, liquidity risk has no influence on the profitability of Rural Banks in the Riau Islands.
State Responsibility for Environmental Damage from Climate Change under the No-Harm Principle
Authors: Dewanto Wisnu Aryo , Krustiyati J. M. Atik
Published: March 2024

This research delves into the critical role of states in addressing environmental damage stemming from climate change, underpinned by the fundamental principle of “no harm”. Climate change represents a profound threat to both the global ecosystem and human welfare, necessitating concerted action from all nations. The no harm principle places an obligation on states to undertake effective measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, facilitate adaptation to climate change impacts, and mitigate adverse effects on vulnerable communities. This research uses normative legal research methods with a regulatory and contextual approach. By examining both theoretical frameworks and legal instruments, the study aims to elucidate the responsibilities of states and the mechanisms through which they can fulfill these obligations. A central focus of this research is the examination of how nations collaborate internationally to achieve climate change mitigation and adaptation goals through global agreements. These agreements serve as frameworks for collective action, guiding states in their efforts to combat climate change and minimize its harmful effects. By emphasizing the no harm principle, this study seeks to deepen our understanding of state responsibility for climate change and associated environmental damage. It underscores the imperative for robust collaborative endeavors aimed at safeguarding the global environment and ensuring a sustainable future for all. Through enhanced awareness and collective action, states can fulfill their duty to protect the planet and mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on present and future generations.
Evolution of the factors that led to the liquidation of settlements in the Murmansk region in 1939–2023
Authors: Balabeykina O. A.
Published: March 2024

Using the example of the Murmansk, the paper considers the character of the processes of settlement liquidation from 1939 to the present is considered. Various reasons for the abolition of settlements in the region in different historical periods have been identified. The first years after the formation of the Murmansk region were characterized by the process of merging of the settlements being liquidated with another one that was higher in status, and the preservation of the residential territory. Later this resulted in the exclusion of the settlements from the accounting data. The main reasons for the abolition of settlements in the Murmansk region are given, which include the withdrawal of residential territories for the construction of hydroelectric power station infrastructure, the loss of economic importance of settlement-forming enterprises due to the exhaustion or the economic inexpediency of extracting and processing of resources (forest or mineral), and the reorganization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The process of depopulation and abolition of settlements depends on socio-economic factors and reflects the trends in the economic development of the country. Systematized information is presented reflecting the factors of liquidation of settlements with details about the reasons each of the character of this process in different periods. Synthesized data reflecting the current state of the abolished settlements are presented. For the most part, these are non-residential areas with ruined residential and non-residential buildings. Liquidated ancient Pomor’ settlements are widely used for the purpose of summer holidays in the country. A trend is detected for regular cultural events being held on their territory and for their inclusion in tourist and sightseeing routes.
Regional features of glaze ice events frequency in the north of the European territory of Russia in the current changing climate
Authors: Surkova G. V. , Lavrenteva A. I. , Tkacheva E. S.
Published: March 2024

Recently, the interest in society in observing and forecasting dangerous meteorological phenomena in the cold period of the year has noticeably grown. In this work, we study the phenomenon of glaze ice in the north of the European territory of Russia in the North-Western Federal District. Here glaze ice (icing) is less frequent than other forms of ice accretion, but its characteristics most often exceed the criteria of dangerous meteorological phenomena. It is a great danger for various areas of the economy, ship navigation, causing an increase in traumatism of the population and damage to infrastructure. In accordance with the aim of the work, the spatial and temporal variability of the frequency of glaze ice accretion on the territory of the North-Western Federal District in the period 1986–2022 is investigated. The results are obtained on the basis of instrumental observations of meteorological stations. Using statistical analysis, the features of mean yearly frequency at each meteorological station were studied. To assess the direction of annual changes in the glaze ice frequency, the linear trend coefficient was calculated for each meteorological station. The least squares method was used for this purpose. It is shown that the maximum number of days with glaze ice occurs in the central part of the North-Western Federal District. This can be attributed to the more frequent movement of Atlantic and southern cyclones to high latitudes and their precipitation, especially at the atmospheric fronts and in the warm sectors of the cyclones, at air temperatures near zero and below. What makes the spatial distribution of glaze ice frequency even more uneven is the presence of uplands in the European territory of Russia. More precipitation falls on their windward slopes, and the temperature decreases with altitude. The findings show that in recent decades there has been an increase in the frequency of the glaze ice phenomenon in the region. At the same time, the interannual variability remains relatively constant. Taking into account the positive trend in the number of glaze ice events and increasing air temperature and precipitation, it is necessary to develop measures to deal with this hazardous phenomenon and minimize damage from it.
Monitoring climate change in the marine Arctic
Authors: Alekseev G. V. , Kharlanenkova N. E. , Ivanov N. E. , Glok N. I.
Published: March 2024

Changes in the temperature regime of the marine Arctic and the influencing factors are considered based on the current knowledge of the causes of climate change and the use of new data sources. In the Arctic, the warming is developing due to such factors as the increase in the transfer of heat and moisture from the low latitudes. This, in turn, drives the feedbacks in the Arctic climate system, increasing the flow of long-wave radiation to the surface due to rising atmospheric water vapor concentrations and slowing down the growth of the sea ice thickness in winter. The increase in the atmospheric heat transfer to the Arctic is associated with changes in atmospheric circulation, in particular, under the influence of ocean surface temperature anomalies, especially in the low latitudes since the bulk of the heat influx from the from solar radiation and anthropogenic forcing is accumulated here. Analyzing the causes of warming in the Arctic in the 1930s and 40s led researchers to the conclusion that the water influx from the North Atlantic is a factor to consider. Therefore, the influx of warm and salty water is also an important influence on the formation of the climate of the marine Arctic today, which should be taken into account when monitoring the temperature and ice regime of this area. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of climate variability in the marine Arctic and its causes, the article examines representative indicators of climate change in the temperature and ice regime of the marine Arctic and the factors influencing them in the present  period.
Adaptation of Fildes Peninsula Lakes (King George Island, East Antarctica) to climate change and anthropogenic impacts
Authors: Fedorova I. V. , Chernova E. S. , Evgrafova S. Yu. , Kadutzkii V. K. , Prokushkin A. S. , Sidorina I. E.
Published: March 2024

The load on the Antarctic oases has been recently increasing, with intensive research carried out by various countries and ecological tourism developing. This leads to an increase in the impact on the aquatic ecosystems of the lakes and streams in addition to the warming climate and glacier melting. This paper presents findings from a study of the Fildes Peninsula (King George Island) lakes’ aquatic ecosystems in the summer period of January–February 2020. In addition to results of hydrological and hydrochemical studies, the paper provides data from measurements of the self-cleaning ability of representative oasis lakes, as well as greenhouse gas fluxes from the lakes surface. The water level of the streams decreased 5 times over the summer season, and the water discharge — 10 times. The streams flowing from the glacier have the fullest water. The lakes have a neutral reaction, sometimes weakly alkaline; they are well aerated: the average value of dissolved oxygen in water is 85 %, occasionally supersaturation of up to 137% was observed. The concentration of nutrients in the water has amplitudes that are considerable for Antarctic oases lakes. A significant correlation can only be observed between nitrates and phosphates, and also between the water turbidity and the nutrients’ concentration. Maximum turbidity is observed in lakes with abundant content of bacterial mats. Most of the lakes have hydrochemical type II sodium chloride waters. The assessment of the lake self-cleaning ability using the ratio of destruction and organic matter production showed the general ability of ecosystems to cope with external (natural) pressures on ecosystems, but not in all cases. Eutrophication of the lakes and stream valleys is also noted. Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption was observed in most of the streams and lakes, in some of them — methane (CH4) absorption as well. However, CH4 is generally emitted from the surface of the lakes. The largest values are recorded for small lakes located on glacial moraines and in places where ornithosoils are present. The agreement of the findings from the hydroecological studies of the Fildes peninsula lakes with those presented earlier by other authors makes it possible to conclude that there is a certain resistance of the lakes to climatic changes, but one can already talk about a significant anthropogenic impact on the freshwater oasis ecosystems.
Spatial trend analysis of significant wave heights in the Kara Sea
Authors: Kruglova E. E. , Myslenkov S. A. , Platonov V. S.
Published: March 2024

Over the past decades, the extent of sea ice in the Arctic, including the Kara Sea, has been diminishing. This phenomenon has a direct impact on wind waves as the increased expansion of ice-free water influences wave height. Furthermore, alterations in the ice cover also lead to modifications in atmospheric circulation, necessitating a concurrent analysis of wind and waves to refine the understanding of their interrelationships. In this study, wave modeling data were employed using the WAVEWATCH III model and NCEP/CFSR/CFSv2 reanalyzes. Calculations were performed on a non-structural computational grid. The grid covers the Barents and Kara Seas, as well as the entire northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. The spatial resolution varies from ~ 700 m for the coastal zone of the Kara Sea, to ~ 20 km in the open part of the Kara Sea, covering the period from January 1, 1979 to December 31, 2021. Subsequently, average significant wave heights (SWH), maximum SWH, and the 95th percentile of SWH were computed for each grid node on both monthly and yearly basis. The annual values were analyzed for trends and their significance. Calculations were conducted for both the entire period and ice-free period. Positive trends in annual mean values were observed throughout the sea, with the maximum trend occurring near the boundary with the Barents Sea, barely exceeding 0.2 m/10 years. The northern and northeastern parts of the sea were characterized by significant positive trends of the maximum SWH values. Maximum trend values for the 95th percentile of SWH were also evident in the northern part of the Kara Sea. For the ice-free period, maximum trend values were notable for both the annual mean and the 95th percentile of SWH in the northern part of the sea (maximum trend values are approximately 0.25 m/10 years and 0.5 m/10 years, respectively). Significant positive trends in the annual mean SWH were characteristic of the southern part of the sea, while the largest and significant trends for maximum wave heights were observed in the northeast. The assessment of the contribution of wind and ice regimes to the variability of wind waves remains a subject of discussion.
Short-term forecasting method for prevailing orientation of leads in the Laptev Sea ice cover during winter-spring season
Authors: Dyment L. N. , Ershova A. A. , Porubaev V. S.
Published: March 2024

Sea ice leads are potential routes of easier navigation in the Arctic seas during winter-spring season. Forecasts of the prevailing orientation of ice leads are required for the early selection of the optimal route of a ship in ice. An automated method for short-term forecasting of the prevailing orientation of leads in the Laptev Sea is developed in AARI based on the analog method. Data sources for making a forecast include predictive fields of atmospheric pressure up to 3 days in advance and historical data on surface atmospheric pressure, ice drift and sea ice leads. The data on ice leads are obtained by interpreting SuomiNPP satellite images in a visible and infrared range at 375 m spatial resolution for the cold seasons 2016–2022. The ice drift data are freely available OSI SAF data. In order to make a forecast of the prevailing orientation of leads by a predictive atmospheric pressure field, it is necessary to select from an electronic data archive a historical field of atmospheric pressure that is the most similar to the predictive field. The lead characteristics on the selected date are taken as the predictive ones. Automated selection of an analog consists in searching for an atmospheric pressure field from the electronic data archive which has minimal metrics for the forecast date together with 2 previous days. The metric is calculated as the sum of the squared differences between the change in atmospheric pressure per 1 km in the latitudinal and meridional directions between the predictive atmospheric pressure field and the potential analog field. Actual lead data for a date of the selected analog may not be available due to thick clouds. In this case, the direction of the minor axis of the strain ellipse calculated from ice drift data is taken as the prevailing orientation of leads. The success ratio of diagnostic forecasts by the method developed is 72 %. Comparison of the success ratio of the diagnostic forecasts with the results of inertial and climatic forecasts demonstrates a high effectiveness of the method for cases of abrupt change in the direction of air flows over the Laptev Sea within the first 1–2 days.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE URAL OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL PLANT IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1940S — MIDDLE 1960S
Authors:   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Arsentyev Nikolay M. , Sludnyh Anatoly V. ,   Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the development of the Ural Optical-Mechanical Plant (UOMZ) in the conditions of transition to late industrial modernization. The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the presence of some analogies between the patterns of the period of transition to late industrial modernization in the USSR and the current trends of the formation of a post-industrial society. The characteristic features of the socio-economic development in the period under study were the science intensity of production, the creation of new materials, military-technical progress, and the development of the space industry. The authors proceeded from the principles of modernization theory. Research methods of high priority were historical-comparative, narrative, causal, problem-chronological. After the war, Plant No. 217 (since 1964 — Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant) produced optical devices for the military-industrial complex, the space industry, aviation, and construction. Some of the enterprise’s products were exported. The plant reached the level of the fourth technological order on the basis of conveyor mechanized and automated production. In the second half of the 1940s — middle 1960s, the plant, as part of the scientific and industrial cluster of the region, mastered new technologies: the manufacture of glassintensive devices and optoelectronic devices of the laser rangefinder family, new methods of glass casting. UOMZ developed cooperation with scientific and educational institutions of the industry, design bureaus, the USSR Academy of Sciences, design and technological institutions.
THE CITIZEN AND THE PARK: EVERYDAY PRACTICES OF INTERACTION WITH NATURE (THE CASE OF SOVIET CHELYABINSK)
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Popov Aleksei A. , Agunikyan Nelly T. ,   Center for Historical and Cultural Heritage of Chelyabinsk; South Ural State University, Bochkova Daria E. ,   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, St. Petersburg branch
Published: March 2024

The article considers the formation of urbanized practices in green spaces using the example of soviet Chelyabinsk. In the 1930s–1960s, Chelyabinsk was a fast-growing industrial city, where a large relict pine forest was preserved. For soviet managers and new city dwellers, the forest became a “testing ground” for mastering new practices of interaction with nature in conditions of accelerated urbanization. Especially when in the 1930s a part of the forest was repurposed into the Park of Culture and Recreation. Based on archived and journalistic materials, it is shown that the semantic and functional distinction between the park and the forest led to the formation of two types of practices of interaction between city residents and nature. Contrasting the park with the forest, party leaders insisted on the development of infrastructure for the “cultural”, “organized” recreation of new Soviet citizens, while the forest became a space for interaction with the natural world unregulated by the authorities. During the 1960s the forests public image transformed, from a wild suburban forest to a fragment of pristine nature, miraculously surviving in an industrial city, with the Park of Culture and Recreation forming the “grand entrance”. It is concluded that urban practices of interaction with nature developed in two ways. The first is the “acculturation” of the forest area through political actions to establish an ideologically approved recreation for new citizens. The second way was constituted by the formation of citizens’ ecological consciousness in the context of a greenery deficit in the industrial areas of the city.
A COMBINED BONE TOOL FROM THE FINAL PALEOLITHIC CHERNO-OZERYE II SITE
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Shmidt Irina V.
Published: March 2024

Any archaeological site collection has a group of materials that cannot be unambiguously evaluated from a typological and functional point of view. As a rule, such artefacts remain unpublished until the appearance of their counterparts. About a dozen of such bone artefacts of the late Paleolithic Cherno-Ozerye II site has been found in recent seasons. Some of them are typologically uncontemplated; the others are ambiguous in terms of their functional load. Their gradual presentation can become an occasion for a debate on typological diversity and features of utilisation of the final Pleistocene bone tools found in the south of Western Siberia. The article dwells on the presentation of a fragment of ChZ. II.21.127 artefact discovered during the 2021 archaeological excavation in subsection 3.1 of the Cherno-Ozerye II site. The found tool is made of a flat split bone of a carnivorous animal; it has a clear-cut one-sided blade and perforation in its edge area. The shape is distorted, but the surviving original areas show signs of severe wear. Their analysis, the description of the bone condition and the morphology of the preserved part of the object, the technological imprints, macro- and micro traces of utilisation, as well as the performed typological correlation, make it possible to state that the artefact represents a fragment of a combined tool with two morphologically conspicuous and functionally discrete zones, that was apparently created and used for treatment of untouched animal skins. The combined stone tools are not an uncommon finding, but the combined nature of bone artefacts is a rare subject of discussion. The present article is a version of comprehensive examination of one of such tools.