bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A phase III, 52‐week, open‐label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 5% sofpironium bromide (BBI‐4000) gel in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis
Authors: Fujimoto Tomoko , Abe Yoichiro , Igarashi Masaru , Ishikoh Akiko , Omi Tokuya , Kanda Hiroki , Kitahara Hiroto , Kinoshita Miwako , Nakasu Ichiro , Hattori Naoko , Horiuchi Yuki , Maruyama Ryuji , Mizutani Haruko , Murakami Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Chiharu , Kume Akihiro , Hanafusa Takaaki , Hamaguchi Masamitsu , Yoshioka Akira , Egami Yuriko , Matsuo Keizo , Matsuda Tomoko , Akamatsu Motoki , Yorozuya Toshiyuki , Takayama Shinichi , Yokozeki Hiroo
Published: May 2021

A long‐term study was conducted in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis who completed the preceding 6‐week phase III, confirmatory study of 5% sofpironium bromide gel (hereinafter referred to as sofpironium) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 52‐week treatment with sofpironium. In the long‐term study, 185 patients who completed the confirmatory study (94 and 91 patients in the vehicle and sofpironium groups, respectively) started to receive sofpironium (switching and extension groups, respectively), and all these patients were included in both the full analysis set (FAS) and the safety analysis set (SAF). In the FAS, there were more females than males (73.0% vs. 27.0%), and median age was 38.0 years. A total of 161 patients (86 and 75 patients in the switching and extension groups, respectively) completed the study at week 52. The proportions of patients with hyperhidrosis disease severity score of 1 or 2 and a 50% or more reduction in total gravimetric weight of sweat were 57.4% in the switching group and 58.2% in the extension group at week 52. The proportions of patients who achieved this efficacy end‐point in the long‐term study were similar to that (53.9%) in the sofpironium group in the confirmatory study. In the SAF, the incidences of adverse events (AEs) were 80.9% in the switching group and 83.5% in the extension group, and the incidences of adverse drug reactions were 39.4% and 45.1%, respectively. AEs that occurred in at least 20% of patients in both treatment groups were application site dermatitis (25.5% and 33.0%, respectively) and nasopharyngitis (31.9% and 23.1%, respectively). Reported AEs were generally mild, and there were no deaths. Serious AEs occurred in three patients, but none were considered related to the study drug. In this study, the efficacy of sofpironium was maintained during 52‐week treatment, and no new safety risk was observed.
Common Ownership of Competing Firms: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Leigh Andrew , Triggs Adam
Published: May 2021

This paper provides the first estimates of the extent of common ownership of competing firms in Australia. Combining data on market shares and substantial shareholdings, we calculate the impact of common ownership on effective market concentration. Among firms where we can identify at least one owner, 31 per cent share a substantial owner with a rival company. Analysing 443 industries, we identify 49 that exhibit common ownership, including commercial banking, explosives manufacturing, fuel retailing, insurance and iron ore mining. Across the Australian economy, common ownership increases effective market concentration by 21 per cent. Our estimates imply that if listed firms seek to maximise the value of their investors’ portfolios, then they place the same value on $3.70 of their competitors’ profits as on $1 of their own profits. We discuss the limitations of the available data, and the potential implications of common ownership for competition in Australia.
The Evolving Wage Structure of Young Adults in Australia: 2001 to 2019
Authors: Birch Elisa R. , Preston Alison C.
Published: May 2021

Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey together with OLS and quantile regressions, this paper examines the changing returns to education and the evolving wage structure of young adults (aged 25–34 years) between 2001 and 2019. Estimates show that real wage growth was strong for both males and females over the 2000s, underpinned by wage structure effects. Between 2010/11 and 2018/19 wage growth was flat (zero) for males and subdued for females. Institutional factors are thought to underpin the growth in wages of low‐paid females over recent years, while education investments underpin recent wage growth amongst high‐paid females. Since 2001/2 the wage premium on a degree qualification has declined for males and females. There has been no change in the adjusted gender wage gap across successive cohorts of 25–34 year olds.
Monitoring Turbidity in San Francisco Estuary and Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Using Satellite Remote Sensing
Authors: Lee Christine M. , Hestir Erin L. , Tufillaro Nicholas , Palmieri Brendan , Acuña Shawn , Osti Amye , Bergamaschi Brian A. , Sommer Ted
Published: May 2021

This study utilizes satellite data to investigate water quality conditions in the San Francisco Estuary and its upstream delta, the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. To do this, this study derives turbidity from the European Space Agency satellite Sentinel‐2 acquired from September 2015 to June 2019 and conducts a rigorous validation with in situ measurements of turbidity from optical sensors at continuous monitoring stations. This validation includes 965 matchup comparisons between satellite and in situ sensor data across 22 stations, yielding R2 = 0.63 and 0.75 for Nephelometric Turbidity Unit and Formazin Nephelometric Unit (FNU) stations, respectively. This study then applies remote sensing to evaluate patterns in turbidity during the Suisun Marsh Salinity Control Gates Action (“Gates action”), a pilot study designed to increase habitat access and quality for the endangered Delta Smelt. The basic strategy was to direct more freshwater into Suisun Marsh, creating more low salinity habitat that would then have higher (and more suitable) turbidity than upstream river channels. For all seven acquisitions considered from June 29 to September 27, 2018, turbidity conditions in Bays and Sloughs subregions were consistently higher (and more suitable) (26–47 FNU) than what was observed in the upstream River region (13–25 FNU). This overall pattern was observed when comparing images acquired during similar tidal stages and heights.
“Objectivity” as a bureaucratic virtue
Authors: ASSOR YAEL
Published: May 2021

Across bureaucratic contexts, “objectivity” is a dominant conception of appropriate conduct. But what does it mean for bureaucrats to work “objectively”? For staffers of the Israeli government's Committee for Health Care Services, objectivity is understood as a key bureaucratic virtue, one that promotes the ethical goal of fair resource allocation. To them, objective decision‐making is based on adopting an “unemotional” attitude. Aware of the life‐and‐death implications of committee decisions, they attempt to work “unemotionally” by engaging what I term amoral sensibility for unemotionality, a tendency to avoid exposure to patients’ subjective experience. Cultivating this sensibility has concrete effects on the committee's decisions and on patients’ place in medical decision‐making. Examining “objectivity” as a morally desired disposition, rather than as a static construct, yields its reconceptualization as an enduring intersubjective achievement. This approach offers another way to examine the workings of power and politics in state bureaucracies. [objectivity,bureaucracy,virtue ethics,morality,emotion,social welfare,health care,Israel]
Bones of contention
Authors: NGÔ TÂM T. T.
Published: May 2021

Postcolonial Vietnam is characterized by the interplay between necropolitics and necrosociality, as practiced respectively by the militarized state and a society that traditionally maintains relations with the dead. This interplay is key to understanding conflicts in Vietnam over the bones of unidentified war dead. On the one hand, such bones can challenge the state's sovereignty when it assumes the responsibility of taking care of them. On the other hand, they exert strong power over the living, prompting quests to place them in the right kinship and sociopolitical orders—or to erase their memory. This was made dramatically evident in 2011 by one set of human remains, allegedly belonging to a fallen soldier of the 1979 Sino‐Vietnamese border war—a conflict that both sides’ governments prefer to forget. These remains illuminated the contention in the governing of war dead in postwar Vietnam. Moreover, they made evident the tension in anthropological inquiry about the ontology of human remains. [human bones,unidentified war dead,Sino‐Vietnamese border war,necropolitics,necrosociality,Vietnam]
Geographies of labour in a changing climate
Authors: Parsons Laurie , Natarajan Nithya
Published: May 2021

Climate change has profound implications for the geography of work. As the papers in this special section aim to show, changes to the climate – both long and short term – are not experienced directly but through the lens of working life. Those experiencing climate change are not atomistic entities, but connected agents, deeply embedded within global systems: as market traders or factory workers; rural farmers or civil servants. The changing climate does not therefore mean changing weather, but changing terms of work. What was once sufficient for personal and family needs may no longer be so in a new environment, meaning reduced quality of livelihoods, longer working hours, and a greater vulnerability to exploitation by employers. This special section brings together insights from a range of contexts to explore this situated experience of climate change, highlighting how life and work within global production networks combine to determine its experience.
MRI and muscle imaging for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Malartre Samuel , Bachasson Damien , Mercy Guillaume , Sarkis Elissone , Anquetil Céline , Benveniste Olivier , Allenbach Yves
Published: May 2021

Although idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of diseases nearly all patients display muscle inflammation. Originally, muscle biopsy was considered as the gold standard for IIM diagnosis. The development of muscle imaging led to revisiting not only the IIM diagnosis strategy but also the patients’ follow‐up. Different techniques have been tested or are in development for IIM including positron emission tomography, ultrasound imaging, ultrasound shear wave elastography, though magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the most widely used technique in routine. Whereas guidelines on muscle imaging in myositis are lacking here we reviewed the relevance of muscle imaging for both diagnosis and myositis patients’ follow‐up. We propose recommendations about when and how to perform MRI on myositis patients, and we describe new techniques that are under development.
NanoString technology distinguishes anti‐TIF‐1γ+ from anti‐Mi‐2+ dermatomyositis patients
Authors: Preusse Corinna , Eede Pascale , Heinzeling Lucie , Freitag Kiara , Koll Randi , Froehlich Waltraud , Schneider Udo , Allenbach Yves , Benveniste Olivier , Schänzer Anne , Goebel Hans‐Hilmar , Stenzel Werner , Radke Josefine
Published: May 2021

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a systemic idiopathic inflammatory disease affecting skeletal muscle and skin, clinically characterized by symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and typical skin lesions. Recently, myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSA) became of utmost importance because they strongly correlate with distinct clinical manifestations and prognosis. Antibodies against transcription intermediary factor 1γ (TIF‐1γ) are frequently associated with increased risk of malignancy, a specific cutaneous phenotype and limited response to therapy in adult DM patients. Anti‐Mi‐2 autoantibodies, in contrast, are typically associated with classic DM rashes, prominent skeletal muscle weakness, better therapeutic response and prognosis, and less frequently with cancer. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of autoantibody testing is only moderate, and alternative reliable methods for DM patient stratification and prediction of cancer risk are needed. To further investigate these clinically distinct DM subgroups, we herein analyzed 30 DM patients (n = 15 Mi‐2+ and n = 15 TIF‐1 γ+) and n = 8 non‐disease controls (NDC). We demonstrate that the NanoString technology can be used as a very sensitive method to clearly differentiate these two clinically distinct DM subgroups. Using the nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel™, we identified a set of significantly dysregulated genes in anti‐TIF‐1γ+ patient muscle biopsies including VEGFA, DDX58, IFNB1, CCL5, IL12RB2, and CD84. Investigation of type I IFN‐regulated transcripts revealed a striking type I interferon signature in anti‐Mi‐2+ patient biopsies. Our results help to stratify both subgroups and predict, which DM patients require an intensified diagnostic procedure and might have a poorer outcome. Potentially, this could also have implications for the therapeutic approach.
Multi‐lingual text detection and identification using agile convolutional neural network
Authors: Yegnaraman Aparna , Valli S.
Published: May 2021

Multi‐lingual scene text detection and identification is a challenging task in today's world due to the prevalence of many digitized multi‐lingual documents, images, and videos. A valuable method for detecting multi‐lingual text from natural scene images is proposed which uses the convolutional neural network, namely, You Only Look Once (YOLOv3) as the backbone. The proposed system is more agile than YOLOv3 with the introduction of atrous separable convolution (ASC). The multi‐scale prediction in YOLOv3 emphasizes the integration of global features of multi‐scale convolutional layers while it overlooks the blend of the multi‐scale local region features on the same convolutional layer. To overcome this, ASC is applied to efficiently compute dense local region feature maps, thereby reducing computation complexity substantially. Complete IoU loss, which is an accumulation of overlap area, distance, and aspect ratio, is introduced for enhanced accuracy in bounding box regression, wherein IoU designates the measure of overlap between the predicted and the ground truth bounding boxes. The experimental results show that the proposed system is efficacious in detecting multi‐lingual as well as English text from natural scene images.
Ecological divergence of a habitat constructed to harbor an endangered species
Authors: Paulson Elizabeth L. , Chaudoin Ambre , Martin Andrew P.
Published: May 2021

Ecological restoration, habitat creation, and artificial refuges are increasingly essential for conservation, particularly for species that are threatened by the loss or degradation of critical habitat. The Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis) exists in a single small locality subject to the detrimental effects of local groundwater extraction, limited resources, and the gradual deterioration of its gene pool as a consequence of its small effective population size. Multiple attempts at establishing captive populations have been made since the 1970s, but all failed due to mechanical issues combined with lack of staffing, and in one case a hybridization event with a closely related species. In 2012, the completion of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ash Meadows Fish Conservation Facility included a 416 m3 tank designed to closely emulate the Devils Hole environment. We conducted a comparative analysis of the early‐stage ecological community in this newly constructed environment with that of Devils Hole. Results showed significantly different community compositions and temporal variation between the two sites. Differences between the natural and constructed communities were likely driven by environmental and successional stage differences between the natural and constructed habitats. Environmental DNA surveys revealed far greater diversity in both Devils Hole and the refuge tank than detected through traditional visual sampling methods. Our results highlight the importance of monitoring for tracking progress toward a desired ecological community outcome.
Statin use and incident cardiovascular events in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Anderson Josephine L. C. , van der Giet Markus , Gomes Neto Antonio W. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Tietge Uwe J. F.
Published: May 2021

Background

Statins achieve potent LDL lowering in the general population leading to a significant cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction. In renal transplant recipients (RTR) statins are included in treatment guidelines, however, conclusive evidence of improved cardiovascular outcomes has not been uniformly provided and concerns have been raised about simultaneous use of statins and the immunosuppressant cyclosporine. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of statins on a compound CV endpoint, comprised of ischaemic CV events and CV mortality in RTR, with subgroup analysis focussing on cyclosporine users.

Method

622 included RTR (follow‐up 5.4 years) were matched based on propensity scores and dichotomized by statin use. Survival analysis was conducted.

Results

Cox regression showed that statin use was not significantly associated with the compound CV endpoint in a fully adjusted model (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.53‐1.24, P = .33). Subgroup analyses in RTR using cyclosporine revealed a strong positive association of statin use with the CV compound outcome in a fully adjusted model (HR = 6.60, 95% CI 1.75‐24.9, P = .005). Furthermore, statin use was positively correlated with cyclosporine trough levels (correlation coefficient 0.11, P = .04).

Conclusion

In conclusion, statin use does not significantly decrease incident CV events in an overall RTR cohort, but is independently associated with CV‐specific mortality and events in cyclosporine using RTR, possibly due to a bilateral pharmacological interaction.
Optimizing demand‐driven null dereference verification via merging branches
Authors: Huihui Cheng , Hongwei Zeng
Published: May 2021

Null dereference is a common type of runtime failure in Java programs, and it is necessary to verify whether a dereference in the program is safe. However, previous works often have redundant path exploration and high false positive rate. In this paper, we propose a merged null dereference verification (MNDV) approach. MNDV employs a backward, path‐sensitive inter‐procedural analysis technique to verify a given dereference as safe or potentially unsafe. It uses a branch merging strategy to remove redundant paths, and a method call's relevance to the null references is checked to determine whether it is necessary to explore the internal codes of the method. We have evaluated the approach in some standard benchmark programs. Compared with some existing approaches, our approach reduces false alarm rate and effectively reduce time and memory consumption.
Impact of hepatitis C virus on survival in patients undergoing resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Report of a Japanese nationwide survey
Authors: Kaibori Masaki , Yoshii Kengo , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Kokudo Takashi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Izumi Namiki , Murakami Takamichi , Kudo Masatoshi , Shiina Shuichiro , Sakamoto Michiie , Nakashima Osamu , Matsuyama Yutaka , Eguchi Susumu , Yamashita Tatsuya , Takayama Tadatoshi , Kokudo Norihiro , Kubo Shoji
Published: May 2021

Aim

We reviewed the data of a nationwide follow‐up survey to determine the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on the outcomes of hepatectomy for mass‐forming (MF) type, and combined mass‐forming and periductal infiltrating (MF + PI) type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Methods

In total, 956 patients with ICC who underwent curative hepatic resection were included in this cohort study, and patients were classified according to virus status. Patients were classified according to virus status as follows: HCV‐related ICC (n = 138, 14.4%), hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related ICC (n = 43, 4.5%) and non‐virus‐related ICC (n = 775, 81.1%). To control for variables, we used 1:1 propensity score‐matching to compare outcomes after surgery between HCV‐related (n = 102) and non‐virus‐related ICC cases (n = 102).

Results

We successfully matched HCV‐related and non‐virus‐related ICC cases with similar liver function and tumor characteristics. Patients with HCV‐related ICC had significantly shorter recurrence‐free survival (hazard ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.92, p = 0.016) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.88, p = 0.011) than patients with non‐virus‐related ICC. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that HCV‐related ICC offered a worse prognosis than non‐virus‐related ICC.

Conclusions

HCV infection increases the risk of recurrence and worsens overall survival in patients after curative resection for MF and combined MF + PI type ICC.
Place and corporate philanthropy: A systematic review
Authors: Mei Maggie Qiuzhu , Wang Tao
Published: May 2021

Place is omnipresent in corporate philanthropy, yet it is becoming paradoxically more and less salient at the same time. Viewing corporate philanthropy as a global yet localized phenomenon, current research is fraught with tension between sense of place and placelessness. To specify boundary conditions and add accuracy to our knowledge, we systematically review articles published in well‐regarded business and management journals and unearth the important role of place in corporate philanthropy. We show that place is manifested in a variety of forms, including geographic units, critical events and virtual platforms, and these manifestations are associated with firms’ experience of place as a social enclosure, political constellation and peer community. We find that place has three primary roles in affecting corporate philanthropy: socializing, rationalizing and learning. Our findings have significant implications for new scholarly directions that can extend our understanding of the place–corporate philanthropy nexus.
Spare me the details: How the type of information about automated interviews influences applicant reactions
Authors: Langer Markus , Baum Kevin , König Cornelius J. , Hähne Viviane , Oster Daniel , Speith Timo
Published: May 2021

Applicants seem to react negatively to artificial intelligence‐based automated systems in personnel selection. This study investigates the impact of different pieces of information to alleviate applicant reactions in an automated interview setting. In a 2 (no process information vs. process information) × 2 (no process justification vs. process justification) between‐subjects design, participants (N = 124) received respective information and watched a video showing an automated interview. Testing mediation effects via different applicant reaction variables indicated that process justification is better than process information which can even impair applicant reactions. However, information did not increase organizational attractiveness compared to not receiving any information. This study sheds light on what type of information contributes to positive and negative applicant reactions to automated systems.
The complex role of Wnt ligands in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complications
Authors: Nie Xiaobo , Wei Xiaoyun , Ma Han , Fan Lili , Chen Wei‐Dong
Published: May 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major chronic diseases, whose prevalence is increasing dramatically worldwide and can lead to a range of serious complications. Wnt ligands (Wnts) and their activating Wnt signalling pathways are closely involved in the regulation of various processes that are important for the occurrence and progression of T2DM and related complications. However, our understanding of their roles in these diseases is quite rudimentary due to the numerous family members of Wnts and conflicting effects via activating the canonical and/or non‐canonical Wnt signalling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the expression pattern and exact role of each human Wnt in T2DM and related complications, including Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Wnt8a, Wnt8b, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, Wnt10b, Wnt11 and Wnt16. Moreover, the role of main antagonists (sFRPs and WIF‐1) and coreceptor (LRP6) of Wnts in T2DM and related complications and main challenges in designing Wnt‐based therapeutic approaches for these diseases are discussed. We hope a deep understanding of the mechanistic links between Wnt signalling pathways and diabetic‐related diseases will ultimately result in a better management of these diseases.
Pilot‐scale hydraulic‐pressure extraction of Sukari date honey (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to enhance resource efficiency: Effects of processing parameters on bioactive compounds and physicochemical quality
Authors: Al‐Hilphy Asaad Rehman , Al‐Fekaiki Dhia F. , Al Hilfi Mohammed K. , Lee Pei‐Hsuan , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin , Gavahian Mohsen
Published: May 2021

The present study explored the hydraulic pressure process as an alternative process to the conventional extraction of date honey. In this regard, response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were utilized as process optimization tools to achieve the highest yield and efficiency. Independent processing parameters were temperature (50–60°C) and pressure (4–12 bar). Moreover, the effect of optimum conditions on the quality and active compounds of date honey were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions to give the highest yield (45.83%) and extraction efficiency (87.99%) were a temperature of 60°C and a pressure of 8.83 bar with a come‐up time of 6 hr. The pH values of extracted date honey were higher than the conventional method. The change in pH values was described using the first‐order kinetic equation. While moisture content and acidity were significantly lower than the conventional method, hydraulic pressure increased the ash, protein, total sugar, reduced sugar, pectin, and total soluble solids. The valorization approach developed in this study provides a platform for producing high‐quality date honey as a value‐added product from an underutilized date. The findings can help with enhancing resource efficiency through agricultural waste valorization.

Practical Applications

Hydraulic press extracted the date honey at a pilot scale and showed good potential for further upscaling. This method addressed a significant concern of conventional extraction, that is, quality deterioration. In addition, the hydraulic press enhanced the extraction yield and process efficiency. Furthermore, results elaborated on the effects of processing parameters. Such approaches can be used in the industry to enhance resource efficiency and to help with achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Evaluation of anaesthetic depth and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol infusion rate in Sapajus apella previously chemically contained with dextroketamine‐midazolam
Authors: Gomes Viviane Horta , da Silva Marta Fernanda Albuquerque , Carregaro Adriano Bonfim , de Oliveira Renato Leão Sá , Neves Daniel Marchesi
Published: May 2021

Background

This study evaluated the cardiopulmonary effects and anaesthetic depth induced by a propofol infusion rate of 0.8 mg/kg/min in monkeys (Sapajus apella).

Materials and methods

Five capuchin monkeys received dextroketamine‐midazolam intramuscularly. After a maximum duration of 5 min, the values of the physiological parameters were recorded, and a venous catheter was placed. After recovery from chemical restraint, the animals were anaesthetized with propofol intravenously, which was maintained for 1 h. Physiological parameters, anaesthetic depth, the time and quality of anaesthetic recovery were evaluated.

Results

Heart and respiratory rates, systolic blood pressure and rectal temperature during propofol infusion were lower than those during anaesthesia induction with dextroketamine‐midazolam. Unconsciousness, muscle relaxation and lack of response to tail clamping were observed during propofol infusion. No animals showed excitement or vocalization during anaesthetic recovery.

Conclusion

Propofol infusion rate of 0.8 mg/kg/min promoted surgical general anaesthesia, with transient hypotension, which showed excellent anaesthetic recovery.
Predictors for COVID‐19‐related new‐onset maladaptive behaviours in children presenting to a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Heyming Theodore W , Fortier Michelle A , Martin Sarah R , Lara Bryan , Bacon Kellie , Kain Zeev N
Published: May 2021

Background and Objective

The goal of the present study was to determine the incidence of new onset maladaptive behaviours in paediatric emergency department (PED) patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to examine whether child and parent anxiety and parental health status were predictors for the new‐onset of maladaptive behaviours.

Methods

Participants included child–parent dyads seen in a PED following the state's issuance of mandatory stay‐at‐home orders on 19 March 2020. A total of 351 children age 0–25 years and 335 parents enrolled in the study. Parents provided baseline demographic data and completed standardised surveys that assessed aspects of parental and child anxiety and parental health, as well as child new‐onset maladaptive behaviours. Children ≥8 years of age completed surveys that assessed child anxiety.

Findings

Parents reported the new onset of maladaptive behaviours in children during the pandemic with frequencies up to 43%. Bivariate analysis identified predictors such as child anxiety (t(96) = −2.04, P = 0.044) as well as parental variables such as state anxiety (t(190) = −4.91, P < 0.001) and parental sensitivity to anxiety (t(243) = −3.19, P = 0.002). A logistic regression model identified parent mental health and COVID‐19 anxiety as predictors of new onset maladaptive behaviours in children (X2 (6) = 42.514, P < 0.001). Specifically, every unit change in parental anxiety of COVID‐19 was associated with a unit increase in maladaptive behaviours in children.

Conclusions

We identified distinct parent and child‐related factors that predicted new onset child maladaptive behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The identification of such predictors may help clinicians to prevent maladaptive responses to the pandemic quarantine.
A dyadic power theory explanation of the demand‐withdraw interaction pattern
Authors: Dunbar Norah E. , Abra Gordon
Published: May 2021

This study explores how dyadic power theory (DPT) can explain the demand/withdraw interaction pattern (in which one partner raises an issue and the other partner avoids discussion) in a wide range of relationship types (e.g. friends, romantic partners, family, work relationships). Two surveys were conducted (N = 155 and 91 of student and non‐student samples, respectively) where participants reported on either an unequal‐power or an equal‐power relationship in a scenario. The results were more complex than anticipated. DPT's predictions for both demand/withdraw (H1b) and relationship satisfaction (H2) were supported but found that a related pattern, criticize/defend (H1a; in which one partner critiques and the other partner defends themselves), was affected not only by the power dynamic (in the opposite direction that DPT would predict) but also by the type of relationship participants reported. In addition, equal‐power partners were more likely to use a positive interaction (RQ1) style than unequal‐power partners.
Direct and indirect socio‐economic benefits from ecological infrastructure interventions in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Olesen Rasmus Skov , Rasmussen Laura Vang , Fold Niels , Shackleton Sheona
Published: May 2021

Investments in the restoration of ecological infrastructure are often promoted as a strategy to achieve win–win outcomes for people and the environment, and often involve the creation of temporary employment. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to quantify the socio‐economic benefits among workers employed across multiple ecological infrastructure programs. This article examines how workers involved in ecological infrastructure activities perceive the benefits from their employment, and whether their perceptions of benefits correspond with the objectives of the programs. The analysis is based on a case study from the Western Cape, South Africa. We carried out a survey with 175 workers employed by 10 different local programs. The survey was designed to target a broad array of potential benefits including natural, physical, social, financial, and human assets, in order to extend beyond simple measures of income and employment. We find that workers primarily see the program benefits in terms of improved income and short‐term employment, while their natural and physical assets are perceived to be affected less. This is in line with the initial objectives of the ecological infrastructure programs in the Western Cape, since these are not targeting community‐based restoration due to the absence of shared community land. Instead, they are designed to pursue poverty alleviation and social development through short‐term income opportunities drawing on a public works model.
Vegetation restoration targeting approach to identify the optimum environmental conditions for the restoration of native desert plants using remote sensing and MaxEnt modeling
Authors: Asadalla Naseraldeen , Abdullah Meshal M. , Al‐Ali Zahraa M. , Abdullah Mansour T.
Published: May 2021

In this study, we focused on integrating remote sensing techniques and MaxEnt modeling to develop a restoration approach to determine and rank hotspots for revegetation and restoration planning of native desert plant communities. The results showed that the distribution of suitable habitats for native desert communities varied according to climatic, bioclimatic, soil, and topographic factors. Cyperus species occur in deep loose soil, while Rhanterium species predominate on gypsums or calcareous soils growing in areas that contain a thin layer of gravel. Communities such as Cyperus and Haloxylon were not influenced by the wet seasons, making them suitable for restoration because of their resiliency to grow under harsh and drought seasons. Based on the results, a vegetation restoration approach was designed, which classifies the locations into three categories: community management sites (appropriate sites for one community), restoration sites (appropriate sites for two communities), and prioritized restoration sites (appropriate sites for more than three communities). Limited sites were ranked as prioritized restoration sites, making it essential to consider these locations as optimum hotspot sites for future restoration and revegetation. We concluded that the integrated approach helped develop a detailed vegetation community map that ranked suitability habitats based on several environmental factors, which could be used as biological indicators for restoration planning. The vegetation restoration approach is also functional for regional‐scale studies to identify and rank hotspot locations for revegetation and restoration planning.
Changing ecological and agricultural expectations for US Coastal Plain managed grasslands
Authors: Pitman William D.
Published: May 2021

Across the US Coastal Plain, native grasses and legumes may provide viable alternatives to monoculture pastures of introduced sod‐forming grasses, which require recurring costly inputs. Some available cultivars of native grasses, mostly from neighboring regions, have potential to combine forage production for grazing livestock with enhanced habitat, especially for grassland birds. A few native legume species have potential to enhance ecosystem service provisioning of existing grass pastures. Such pastures with native grasses and legumes could complement restoration plantings to increase connectivity and scale of ecosystem function; however, coordination of pasture and restoration plantings would be needed to optimize benefits.
Is specialization a strategy to improve farm efficiency in northwest China?
Authors: Liu Weiying , Shankar Sriram , Li Lihua
Published: May 2021

Smallholders’ specialization and commercialization is a way out of poverty and has been an important policy recommendation for countries in the early stages of structural change. However, the promotion of specialized commercial farming remains controversial. This study ascertains whether specialization is a strategy for improving efficiency based on a sample of smallholders in northwest China. A two‐step approach was employed to examine the relationship between production specialization and various efficiency measures. The nonparametric production frontier method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to derive input‐based efficiency measures, followed by the tobit estimation to identify the inefficiency determinants. The econometric analysis results confirm that specialization increases households’ technical efficiency (TE). However, in this study, we also find that specialization does not have a statistically significant impact on either the allocative or scale efficiency of the household. Food‐secure households are likely to be technically efficient, but TE is hindered by the external migration of more productive workers. Given the low estimates of farm efficiency in this study, policies facilitating labor markets and providing services for technical support and insurance should be implemented to encourage households to specialize in high‐value activities and integrate into markets.
Young Women's and Men's Opportunity Spaces in Dairy Intensification in Kenya*
Authors: Bullock Renee , Crane Todd
Published: May 2021

Kenya has a high youth population coupled with high rates of unemployment. Development policies, including the National Youth Policy, emphasize the potential of agriculture as a source of youth employment. Kenya's dairy subsector is relatively well developed and continuing to commercialize. We analyse young women and men's current and emerging roles in dairy intensification and develop a conceptual framework that draws on opportunity space, intersectionality and agency. We collected qualitative data in Nakuru and Kiambu counties, in rural and peri‐urban locations. Based on 20 interviews, 18 focus group discussions, and a validation workshop, we describe social relations and the intersection of social factors that influence young women and men's changing roles and opportunities. We find that youth are embedded within social relations that reflect how age, ethnicity and gender intersect and interact with location to create differential access to agricultural resources and roles and practices in dairy value chains. While our data show that norms and practices of social exclusion may be reinforced through generations, we also find examples that demonstrate young women and men's capacity as agents of change in their communities. Our research contributes to understanding young women and men's diverse experiences in dairy and potential in agriculture.
Transformative emotional labour, cosmetic surgery, and masculinity: Rural/urban migration in China's gay commercial sex industry
Authors: Tsang Eileen Y. H.
Published: May 2021

This article draws upon ethnographic data from 101 rural‐to‐urban migrant gay sex workers in northern China to reveal how rural migrants survive in urban China. The interviewees provide evidence that the marginality they experience as sex workers is sometimes related to a spatial narrative. In China, these migrant sex workers are frequently stigmatized by discourses that present them as ‘tropical beings’—from rural and subtropical places in China's south. To overcome marginality, they adopt embodiments of emotional labour which enhance their economic survivability in China's urban gay commercial sex industry. Upon arrival in metropolitan areas, migrant gay sex workers quickly learn they must shed many trappings of their former rural life. Many undergo cosmetic surgeries to conform their physical appearance to the soft‐masculine urban standards deemed most attractive and appealing. Since emotional labour is the commodification of private emotions, intended to be sold for profit, these men diligently extinguish those negative markers which reflect the everyday rurality of their masculinity. Conforming to urban standards of queer masculinity and emotional labour increases their chances of survivability in the commercial sex industry.
Splenic abscess caused by Toxocara spp. in a lung transplant recipient, Marseille, France
Authors: Balacheff Quentin , Lovato Jean‐Baptiste , Coiffard Benjamin , L’Ollivier Coralie , Cassir Nadim , Reynaud‐Gaubert Martine
Published: May 2021

Infections represent one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients. Although Toxocara species are prevalent worldwide, toxocariasis is an important neglected human disease that can manifest as visceral or ocular larva migrans, or covert toxocariasis. Herein, we report and discuss the first documented case of a splenic abscess associated with toxocariasis in a 69‐year‐old lung transplant recipient, in France. This case emphasizes the need to include prevention of toxocariasis in the management of lung transplant patients.
APPLICATION OF COUPLED HEC-HMS AND US EPA WASP FOR TRANSPORT MODELLING OF MERCURY IN THE MINING-IMPACTED AMBALANGA RIVER
Authors: Macasieb Reygie Quiñanola , Orozco Christian Rodriguez , Resurreccion Augustus Cooper
Published: May 2021

This study provides a simulation of mercury (Hg) transport in water and sediments in the mining-impacted Ambalanga River located in Upper Agno Subbasin in the Philippines. The Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were coupled to handle both hydrologic modelling and total Hg transport processes, respectively, for 12 months in the year 2014. Watershed delineation from Digital Elevation Model, rainfall and streamflow data from the local weather bureau, and dam operational data were used to develop the hydrological model. The calibrated HEC-HMS model satisfactorily simulated the flow in the river and its tributaries, which is then used as an input to the Hg transport model. The Ambalanga subbasin was conceptually divided into 29 segments in WASP to represent the water column and the surface benthic sediment. Time-variable sediment and Hg load were applied to the upstream of Ambalanga River. Total Hg concentration in water and sediments at five sampling locations along the Ambalanga River and two sampling locations along the Upper Agno River were measured in 2014-2015, in addition to the Hg monitoring data from the local environmental bureau. The gathered data were used to validate the WASP model, and results show that it was able to reasonably simulate the Hg fate and transport. Simulation results showed a downward trend in Hg concentration in surface water and sediments from upstream to downstream, while Hg in sediments was observed to stabilize over time. The model was further utilized to come up with exceedance curves of Hg in water and sediments as a result of the river’s response to different Hg loading from the known point sources. The exceedance curves derived from the model were used to determine the maximum permissible Hg loading to the river and identify pollution load reduction measures for river rehabilitation.
UPDATING EMISSION FACTORS FOR IN-USE MOTORCYCLES FUELED BY GASOLINE, E5 AND E10 IN VIETNAM
Authors: Tuyen Pham Huu , Tuan Pham Minh , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Karin Preechar
Published: May 2021

Motorcycle is the most popular transportation means in Vietnam due to its low cost and flexibility. However, motorcycles emit substantial quantities of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and some amount of particulate matter. Emission factors for in-use motorcycles in Vietnam were studied and established quite a long time ago. The objective of this study is to update the emission factors, not only gaseous emissions but also particle number, for in-use motorcycles in Vietnam. Ten carbureted and electronic fuel injected motorcycles representative for in-use motorcycles were selected for investigation. Each motorcycle was fueled by conventional gasoline, E5 and E10 in turn, and was tested on a chassis dynamometer according to ECE R40 driving cycle. The gaseous emissions were sampled and determined by standard methods, while the particle number in exhaust gas was sampled by using the sampling system developed by Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam. The updated emission factors were then provided for carbureted motorcycles, EFI motorcycles and average motorcycle fleet in case of gasoline, E5 and E10 fueling.
An Indicator-Based Approach for Micro-Scale Assessment of Physical Flood Vulnerability of Individual Buildings
Authors: Usman Kaoje Ismaila , Abdul Rahman Muhammad Zulkarnain , Tam Tze Huey , Mohd Salleh Mohd Radhie , Idris Nurul Hazrina Binti , Omar Abdullah Hisam
Published: May 2021

The current trends of floods event in many countries are alarming. Hence, managing flood and the associated risk are crucial in order to reduce the loss and to be well prepared for the combined impact of urbanization and climate changes. The best approach to manage flood activities is a risk-based approach, where the vulnerability of elements at risk is reduced to a minimum. There is a significant number of studies that use an indicator-based approach for flood vulnerability assessment with focus on the macro-scale. However, this paper assesses physical flood vulnerability of buildings at micro-scale using an indicator-based method in Kota Bharu, Malaysia. The region is one of the most flood affected regions in Malaysia. Micro-scale vulnerability assessment considers damages for individual buildings at risk, rather than in aggraded manner. In this study, the methodology adopted involve the use of 1D-2D SOBEK flood modelling, the selection and weightage of indicators, development of spatial based building index and, production of building vulnerability maps. The findings demonstrate the physical pattern of flood vulnerability of buildings at a micro-scale. The approach can assist in flood management planning and risk mitigation at a local scale
Entre la experiencia y el saber. Los Viajes de Beatriz Sarlo
Authors: Giordano Alberto
Published: May 2021

Este artículo desarrolla una lectura crítica de Viajes. De la Amazonia a las Malvinas centrada en la valoración de la retórica autobiográfica de Beatriz Sarlo, de los modos en que su escritura testimonial articula narración y ensayo, experiencia personal y saber. Por una parte, se reconstruyen las estrategias de autofiguración que apuntan a sostener la imagen de la autora como moralista que ejerce la crítica de las costumbres contemporáneas —las del turismo como práctica de la cultura de masas, en general, y las del “turismo ideológico” que los jóvenes latinoamericanos practicaban hacia fines de los sesenta y comienzos de los setenta, en particular—. Por otra, se evalúa la eficacia de los recursos que le permiten a Sarlo trascender el narcisismo propio de la rememoración autobiográfica: el enmarque teórico —centrado en el concepto-valor de “salto de programa”—, la experimentación ensayística con los modos de la exposición —los del relato de viajes y los de la crítica ideológica— y la busca de un tono matizado, capaz de transmitir la coexistencia de afectos heterogéneos que no inhiban la posibilidad de que el pasado retorne en el presente como un proceso todavía en curso.