bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Faktor Penyebab Kesulitan Berhitung Permulaan Pada Anak Usia 4-5Tahun di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 14 Surabaya
Authors: Hasanah Putri Maulida , Martati Badruli , Rahayu Aristiana Prihatining
Published: September 2021

ABSTRAK Hasanah, Putri Maulida, 2020, Analisis Faktor Penyebab Kesulitan Berhitung Permulaan pada Anak 4-5 Tahun di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 14 Surabaya, Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya. Pembimbing I: Dr. Dra Badruli Martati, SH, MA., M.Pd., Pembimbing II: Aristiana Prihatining Rahayu, S.Sos., M.Med.Kom. Kemampuan berhitung permulaan pada anak usia 4-5 tahun merupakan konsep matematika yang perlu diberikan dan dikenalkan pada anak secara bertahap sesuai dengan tingkat penguasaan anak yaitu berupa bilangan, pola sebab akibat, geometri, dan pemecahan masalah. Sedangkan tingkat penguasaan pada anak usia 4-5 tahun terhadap kemampuan berhitung permulaan yang dibahas yaitu mengenal konsep bilangan 1-20, penjumlahan dan pengurangan secara sederhana. Faktor dari diri anak dan faktor dari lingkungan sekitar menjadi penyebab kesulitan kemampuan berhitung permulaan pada anak, maka diperlukan analisis faktor penyebab kesulitan berhitung permulaan pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa faktor penyebab kesulitan berhitung permulaan pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif menggunakan observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan melalui kuisoner google form dan media whatsapp. Hasil penelitian analisis faktor penyebab kesulitan berhitung permulaan pada anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 14 Surabaya yaitu faktor internal atau dari diri anak ketika belajar sering tidak memperhatikan. Faktor eksternal atau dari lingkungan sekitar juga menjadi penyebab kesulitan berhitung permulaan, yaitu keluarga, teman dan guru, namun yang paling utama adalah dari keluarga. Dukungan dan motivasi dari kelurga sangat diperlukan bagi anak untuk membantu perkembangan anak dalam belajar kemampuan berhitung permulaan. Kata kunci: analisis, kesulitan belajar, berhitung permulaan
Stimulasi Kecerdasan Logika Matematika Melalui Media Animasi Lagu Berbasis Tematik Pada Masa Pandemic Covid-19 Di Kota Bukit Tinggi
Authors: Anggraini Vivi
Published: September 2021

Covid 19 merupakan virus yang menyerang saluran pernafasan dan menyebabkan orang membatasi aktivitas seperti sekolah. Pada PAUD tentunya berdampak pada kecerdasan logika matematika anak, hal ini disebabkan karena anak kurang mampu memahami pembelajaran melalui pembelajaran jarak jauh. Berdasarkan observasi lapangan yang terjadi di Taman Kanak-kanak di Bukittinggi, terdapat rendahnya kemampuan matematika anak terlihat anak belum mampu mengenal angka 1-10, anak belum mampu memasangkan bilangan dengan benda sesuai dengan angka, mengelompokkan bentuk bentuk geometri dan mengelompokkan benda berdasarkan ukuran, warna dll.  Desain penelitian dilakukan 1 tahun berturut pada Taman Kanak kanak kelompok A usia 4-5 Tahun. Penelitian ini berbentuk penelitian dan pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE dengan tahapan Analisis, Perancangan, Pengembangan, Implementasi, dan Evaluasi. Berdasarkan data penelitian dari penggunaan media animasi lagu berbasis tematik; Hasilnya menunjukkan kecerdasan logika matematika anak berkembang. Kecerdasan logika matematika anak berkembang dapat dikembangkan melalui media animasi dalam lagu anak yang dirancang sesuai dengan tema pada pembelajaran AUD. Penggunaan media animasi dalam lagu dapat menarik minat anak untuk menggunakan imajinasinya sehingga mampu mengekspresikan ide. Media animasi berbasis tematik merupakan kegiatan yang menyenangkan bagi anak kecil.
Virtual Exchanges and Gender-Inclusive Toponymy
An Intercultural Citizenship Project to Foster Equality
Authors: Calamita Francesca , Trapè Roberta
Published: September 2021

This paper focuses on a virtual exchange project between the University of Virginia, United States, and an upper-secondary school in Pavia, Italy. Centred on the question of gender equality, the project has been designed to take place over three years (2018-21), and with direct reference to the transnational model of virtual exchange for global citizenship education proposed in 2019 by Robert O’Dowd. As an integrated part of the language learning curriculum, the project creates a virtual space which parallels the space-time of traditional class tuition, and which students can inhabit with a significant degree of autonomy. The project aims to foster gender equality and help students to reflect on the sociocultural evolution of the language and how it can be used to address issues of identity, diversity and inclusion.
Fascist Monumentality in Bolzano and Trieste: Can Public History Help to Deal with it?
Authors: Pupella-Noguès Iris
Published: September 2021

When the multicultural regions of Trieste and Bolzano became Italian, the liberal state followed by the Fascist regime imposed an ‘italianisation’ of the ‘allogeni’ and of the spaces using monumentality and architecture. After the Second World War, both regions proposed Public History projects to try to appease tensions embodied by remaining Fascist monuments. The paper, by presenting several multimedia public history projects and analysing the link between local powers, inhabitants and the role of historians in the memory-making processes, wants to ask how Public History can be useful in dealing with the remains of Fascist monuments.
Digital Engagement, Diversity and Access in Museum Education
Authors: Corsato Carlo , Devine Kate
Published: September 2021

In the wake of 2020’s Coronavirus pandemic, museums and galleries across the world were forced to close and many of these institutions turned to programming activities online rather than onsite. This paper explores that move from the physical to the digital realm through two case studies within the Learning and National Programmes department at The National Gallery in London. It addresses the obstacles and benefits of online working with two very different audiences, young people in education and a community group of people living with mental health difficulties. The paper seeks to elaborate on the specific challenges of working with these audiences and contribute to the development of best practice in the field.
Una piccola provocazione. La pandemia e i modelli della Nouvelle Muséologie
Authors: Biondi Antonietta
Published: September 2021

The Coronavirus pandemic has also affected museum organisations and has inevitably brought back some of the strategies proposed by the museography of the 1970s. Methods of access, the ethical value of the museum and its social role involving local communities, have been key issues in the theoretical reflections known as Nouvelle Muséologie. The paper aims at presenting and discussing a number of case studies enhancing storytelling and the role of social media in public engagement during COVID-19 emergency in national and local museums in Canada and Italy.
Understanding EU External Perceptions: Theorising Local ‘Cultural Filters’ in the Normative Power Approach (casestudy of textbooks)
Authors: Chaban Natalia , Pardo Sharon
Published: September 2021

This article argues that one way to advance the ‘Normative Power Europe’ (NPE) discourse is to shift the analytical focus to the ‘locals’ – or ‘norm-receivers’ – rather than to ‘norm-senders/makers’. The analysis examines the range of locals’ reactions – from learning to adaptation or rejection of norms – and explains the factors behind those reactions. Building on Ian Mannersʼ claim that normative power is informed by ‘cultural filters’ which affect the impact of international norms and political learning in non-European Union (EU) countries, the article advances the concept of ‘external recognition’. It considers one type of local cultural filters -- images and perceptions of the EU as a normative power. Deepening and enriching the ‘Normative Power Europe’ Approach (NPA) by theorising ‘cultural filters’ of external perceptions, this article undertakes a comparative study of Europe’s normative images in high school textbooks in Israel and New Zealand.
Change in the amplitude indicators in tidal variations of gravity during the preparation of nearby earthquakes
Authors:   V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the RAS, Valitov M.G. , Proshkina Z.N. ,   V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the RAS
Published: September 2021

The authors revealed an effect of gravitational field variations for the principal lunar wave O1, which preceded nearby earthquakes, using for the first time the approach based on the method of calculating tidal parameters in a sliding window with various window width (from 30 to 120 days). Since the observed data were free from the oceanic load, this effect is assumed to be associated with a local restructuring of the density medium in the solid Earth. A seasonal cyclycity was revealed for the K1 wave. Such cyclycity was not taken into account when compiling a solid Earth model PREM (preliminary reference Earth model).
Design of Fuzzy Logic Supported Car Driver Control System
Authors: ÖZMEN İlker , KÖZKURT Cemil
Published: September 2021

Being one of the most basic needs of human life, vehicles are one of the basic building blocks of the transportation sector. Since automobiles are highly preferred, they cause intensity in daily traffic and the need for human control increases accordingly. Approximately 88% of traffic accidents occur due to driver-related errors and approximately 1.1% of the accidents are mortal. Although there are products and studies aimed to prevent human defects technologically, such as semi-autonomous, autonomous driving systems, and driving safety components, studies to improve people's driving abilities are rare. In this study, first of all, the conditions regarding proper and correct vehicle drive in traffic are examined. Then, the sensor and sensor systems that can control the conditions of frequently used cars are investigated. Fuzzy logic decision making model of the sensors and subsystems used in vehicles were designed and simulated in order to develop a car driver control system (CDCS) used to provide a safety control the vehicle in traffic. As a result of the study, the conceptual structure of a system that can solve decision making problem with fuzzy logic in controlling the car driver and a complex fuzzy logic model are presented. It is aimed to decrease the human defects in traffic, to teach driver to drive vehicle correctly, rapidly and economic.
The Conflict of Place Identity at Cultural Heritage Tourism Site
Authors: Anuar Ahmad Nazrin Aris , Ab Aziz Aida Fazila , Hashim Nur Idzhainee , Jaini Norajlin , Sulaiman Firdaus Chek
Published: September 2021

The cultural heritage tourism site is hard to maintain identity since it is not representing the real identity in the site. Alongside, diminishing of the place significance that occurs at the cultural tourism site also contributed to the conflict of place identity. By considering the issue that faced at cultural heritage tourism site, the aims of this study are to understanding the potential of conflict place identity at cultural heritage tourism site towards the domestic tourist perspectives. Two objectives for this study: i) to identify the factor conflict of place identity that affect the significance of cultural heritage tourism site, ii) to evaluate the significance of place attachment towards the conflict of place identity at cultural heritage tourism site. This study is using quantitative techniques and the domestic tourists as main respondents at Petaling Street, Kuala Lumpur. The result of this study showed that the factors of conflict place identity at cultural heritage tourism sites could affect the tourist’s experiences and expectations about the tourism places. This study may inspire the stakeholders in handling the conflict of place identity and delivered better services to tourists for better services at cultural heritage tourism sites.
Sustainable Tourism in Northern Iloilo: Perceived Impact and Prospects for Development
Authors: Sainz Cherryl C. , M. Samorin Maria Corazon
Published: September 2021

This survey-correlational study, conducted in January 2016, aimed at ascertaining the impact and prospects for the development of sustainable tourism in Northern Iloilo. Two hundred (200) randomly selected residents of selected municipalities from Northern Iloilo were utilized as participants. The cluster sampling method was used in the selection of participants.  The Tourism Impact Questionnaire was utilized to measure the impact of sustainable tourism, while the Prospects for Sustainable Tourism was adapted to measure the level of viability of the prospects of sustainable tourism in Northern Iloilo. Data, frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were employed as descriptive statistics, while the t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearsons r were used as inferential statistics. Study results revealed the high impact of Northern Iloilo on the sustainability of tourism as perceived by the residents. Sustainable tourism in Northern Iloilo was found to have very high prospects for development. A positive and significant relationship existed between the assessed impact and viability of the prospects for development of the sustainable tourism in Northern Iloilo.
Application of XGBoost Algorithm as a Predictive Tool in a CNC Turning Process
Authors:   Department of Production Engineering, Jadavpur University, India, Chakraborty Shankar , Bhattacharya Shibaprasad ,   Department of Production Engineering, Jadavpur University, India
Published: September 2021

In this paper, an ensemble learning method, in the form of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm is adopted as an effective predictive tool for envisaging values of average surface roughness and material removal rate during CNC turning operation of high strength steel grade-H material. In order to develop the related models, a grid with 24600 combinations of different hyperparameters is created and tested for all the possible hyperparametric combinations of the model. The configurations having the optimal values of the considered hyperparameters and yielding the lowest training error are finally employed for predicting the response values in the CNC turning process. The performance of the developed models is finally validated with the help of five statistical error estimators, i.e. mean absolute percentage error, root mean squared percentage error, root mean squared logarithmic error, correlation coefficient and root relative squared error. Based on the favorable values of all the statistical metrics, it can be observed that XGBoost can be efficiently applied as a predictive tool with excellent accuracy in machining processes.
UNGGUL DALAM KEOLAHRAGAAN DAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI SELAMA MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Wijayanto Adi
Published: September 2021

Pembelajaran online atau pembelajaran elektronik yang disebut e-learning di era digital ini menjadi popular karena dapat dijadikan sebagai solusi dan sekaligus strategi untuk terus berpacu membangun ide/gagasan kreatif dan inovatif guru dan murid. Pembelajaran e-learning (online) menjadi popular dan menjadi salah satu solusi yang banyak diminati di muka bumi ini ketika dunia termasuk Indonesia mengalami Pandemi Covid-19. Peraturan berupa protap Covid-19 seperti PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar) dan PPKM (Pemberlakukan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat) membuat sekolah-sekolah masih ditutup dan berlanjut dengan belajar daring di rumah masing-masing siswa, turut memperkaya pembahasan dalam buku bunga rampai ini.Pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga dan dalam lingkup ilmu keolahragaan lainnya memiliki sejumlah kompetensi yang dapat dipersiapkan sejak usia dini, siswa duduk di bangku sekolah dasar sampai SLTA bahkan perguruan tinggi. Penguasaan materi pelajaran secara optimal sejak usia dini akan sangat mendukung lahirnya kelak suatu kompetensi dalam bidang keolahragaan pada siswa. Siswa yang memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan gerak (motoric) yang mumpuni menuju suatu kompetensi dapat dijadikan sebagai parameter keberhasilan menciptakan SDM unggul generasi milineal Indonesia yang berdaya saing tinggi dan siap menghadapi tingginya tuntutan kompetensi di era globalisasi. Pemikiran seperti diatas juga ada dalam tulisan bunga rampai.
Structure of the space of $GL_4(\mathbb Z_2)$-coinvariants $\mathbb Z_2\otimes_{GL_4(\mathbb Z_2)} \mathscr P_AH_*(\mathbb Z_2^4, \mathbb Z_2)$ in some generic degrees and its application
Authors: Phúc Đặng Võ
Published: September 2021

Fix $k = \mathbb Z_2$ to be a field of characteristic 2, let $A$ denote the Steenrod algebra over $k.$ A problem of immense difficulty in algebraic topology is the determination of a minimal set of $A$-generators for the polynomial ring $P_q = k[x_1, \ldots, x_q] = H^{*}(k^{q}, k)$ on $q$ generators $x_1, \ldots, x_q$ with $|x_1|= |x_2| = \cdots = |x_q| = 1.$ By way of equivalence, one may choose to write an explicit basis for the cohit space $\pmb{Q}^{q} := k\otimes_{A} P_q$ in each non-negative degree $n.$ This subject, which has now a long history, is the content of the classical "hit problem" proposed in [Abstracts Papers Presented Am. Math. Soc. \textbf{833} (1987), 55-89]. Furthermore, it is closely related to the $q$-th transfer homomorphism $Tr_q^{A}$ constructed by William Singer in [Math. Z. \textbf{202} (1989), 493-523]. This map $Tr_q^{A}$ passes from the space of $G(q)$-coinvariant $k\otimes _{G(q)} \mathscr {P}_A((P_q)_n^{*})$ of $\pmb{Q}^{q}$ to the $k$-cohomology group of the Steenrod algebra, ${\rm Ext}_{A}^{q, q+n}(k, k),$ wherein $G(q)$ stands for the general linear group of degree $q$ over the field $k,$ and $\mathscr {P}_A((P_q)_n^{*})$ is the primitive part of $(P_q)^{*}_n$ under the action of $A.$ Even though Singer himself conjectured that the map $Tr_q^{A}$ is injective, this assertion has remained unresolved for more than three decades, particularly for ranks $q\geq 4.$ The aim of the present study is to deal with the Singer conjecture for rank 4 in certain internal degrees. Specifically, by the usage of the techniques of the hit problem in four variables, we explicitly determine the structure of the coinvariant $k\otimes _{G(4)} \mathscr {P}_A((P_4)_{n}^{*})$ in some generic degrees $n.$ Then, applying these results and a representation of $Tr_4^{A}$ via the lambda algebra, we state that Singer's conjecture is true for rank $q = 4$ in respective degrees $n.$ This provides a detailed elaboration of certain remaining specific cases of the conjecture that were briefly noted in [Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A \textbf{153} (2023), 1529-1542]. The present work, along with our series of papers announced in \cite{D.P10-2} and \cite{D.P16}, gives a comprehensive picture of the structure of the Ext group, ${\rm Ext}_{A}^{4, *}(k, k)$, through the lens of the fourth Singer transfer, and fully establishes Singer's conjecture for this transfer.
High interstadial sea levels over the past 420ka from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea
Authors: de Gelder Gino , Husson Laurent , Pastier Anne-Morwenn , Fernández-Blanco David , Pico Tamara , Chauveau Denovan , Authemayou Christine , Pedoja Kevin
Published: September 2021

The history of sea level across the Quaternary is essential for assessing past and future climate. Global sea-level reconstructions are typically derived from oxygen isotope curves, but require calibration with geological constraints that are scarce prior to the last glacial cycle (>130 thousand years ago). Here we show that the coral reef terrace sequence at the Huon Peninsula (Papua New Guinea) provides such constraints up to ~420 thousand years ago, through a geometric analysis of high-resolution topographic data. We derive a northward tectonic tilt as regional deformation pattern, and estimate relative sea level for 31 Quaternary periods, including several periods for which no relative sea level data exists elsewhere. Supported by numerical reef models, these estimates suggest that oxygen isotope-based global mean sea-level curves systematically underestimate interstadial sea-level elevations, by up to ~20m. Compared to those curves, our results imply a stronger degree of non-linearity between ice-sheet volumes and global temperatures within Quaternary glacial cycles.
Why does the probe value effect emerge in working memory? Examining the biased attentional refreshing account
Authors: Atkinson Amy Louise , Oberauer Klaus , Allen Richard John , Souza Alessandra S.
Published: September 2021

People are able to prioritize more valuable information in working memory. The current study examined whether this value effect is due to the items of greater value being refreshed more than lower-value items during maintenance. To assess this possibility, we combined a probe value manipulation with a guided-refreshing procedure. Arrays of colored shapes were presented, and after a brief delay, participants reported the color of one randomly probed shape on a continuous color wheel. To manipulate probe value, one item was indicated as more valuable than the rest prior to encoding (i.e., worth more notional points), or all items were indicated as equally valuable. To guide refreshing, in some trials, two arrows were presented during maintenance, each arrow cueing the spatial location of one item. Participants were told to “think of” (i.e., refresh) the cued item. If value boosts are driven by attentional refreshing, cueing an item to be refreshed should enhance performance for items that are of low or equal value, but not items of high value, as these items would be refreshed regardless of the cue. This pattern of outcomes was observed, providing support for the hypothesis that attentional refreshing at least partially accounts for probe-value effects in working memory.
Alienation in Harry Potter
Authors: Hussein Ayman Khaled , Azmi Mohd Nazri Latiff , Al-Subaihi Mohammad Nusr Mohammad
Published: September 2021

This is a thematic study of Harry Potter (1997-2007) concerning the theme of alienation. Joanne Rowling is a British novelist famous for writing her best-known fantasy book series, Harry Potter (1997-2007). This study argues that Rowling employs fantastical elements in Harry Potter to present symbolic and real-life themes that summon the postcolonial discourse of alienation. In addition, the study aims to raise the role of fantasy in serving Humanity and the dignity of people and understanding the conflicts among the members of society. Moreover, this study investigates how racial discrimination and postcolonialism work against the Humanity of heroes and their companions in their community. Therefore, that relationship causes a realistic commentary on real-life situations. The theoretical platform deployed in this study is a postcolonial perspective that purports to grasp the striking overlaps between the theme of alienation and the insights of the racial and social postcolonial discourse. The findings achieved in this paper prove the juxtaposition between alienation on the one hand and racial and social discrimination on the other hand. The researcher seeks to demonstrate that Harry Potter reflects the suffering and alienation of characters.
The motivations and criteria behind China’s list of questionable journals
Authors: Zhang Lin , Wei Yahui , Sivertsen Gunnar , HUANG Ying
Published: September 2021

On December 31, 2020, The National Science Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) released a list of 65 international scientific journals, all of them indexed by the Web of Science, that were said to be potentially in conflict with academic rigor. The list immediately influenced the publication patterns of Chinese researchers. A year later, on December 31, 2021, CAS released a revised and reduced list of 35 questionable journals and said the publishers in the meantime had reacted constructively and improved the procedures of their journals. This study aims to provide an understanding of the motivations and criteria behind the list, partly by reviewing Chinese policy documents and public debates, partly with a quantitative analysis to detect the relative importance of the criteria used to select the journals for the list.
‘Light’ as a Source Domain for Metaphors in the Holy Quran
Authors: Elamin Marwa Ibrahim , Alhazmi Albatool Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) sees metaphor as a means to conceptualize abstracts in everyday discourse employing concrete. This research investigates the use of “Light” (Nur in Arabic) metaphorically as a source domain to several concepts (target domains) in the Quran, for instance, “THE QURAN IS LIGHT”. The study explores the power of metaphor in non-literary discourse relying on Conceptual Metaphor Theory and its hypotheses. Additionally, it will identify the target domains to which light is used as a source domain. Furthermore, it will examine whether ‘Light’ has been used as a target domain or it is a unidirectional relation that made it a source domain only in all the occurrences in the Quran. For the purpose of this study, the researchers used a descriptive-analytical approach in discourse analysis. Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) is used as a tool for checking metaphor. The search in the sacred text resulted in (43) occurrences of the word ‘Nur.’ This research proved that metaphor of light is used ubiquitously and creatively to explain different crucial concepts in the Quran.
Expanding Nature: Product-Line and Brand Extensions of a Scientific Journal
Authors: Khelfaoui  , GINGRAS YVES
Published: September 2021

Academic publishers now market their most prestigious journals as commercial brands. This paper investigates this trend in the scholarly publishing market, by analyzing how the successive owners of the journal Nature have capitalized on its reputation to generate additional profits to those already accumulated through university library subscriptions. Two branding strategies of the journal Nature are analyzed: the first one, product-line extension, consists in extending the Nature brand in the same product category, by creating an ever-increasing number of derived Nature journals; the second one, brand extension, consists in extending the Nature brand to other categories of products and services, such as academic rankings, sponsored supplements, feature advertisements, or webinars and trainings. The Nature brand leveraging strategy has been imitated by many other journal publishers. These branded products and services are well suited to the particular dynamics of the scientific field, which is based on the continuous quest for recognition. They are thus sold at all stages of the research cycle, from writing grants to popularizing research results, to scientists and academic institutions competing to accumulate symbolic capital. In this respect, academic publishers that engage in scholarly journal branding contribute to the transformation of the scientific “community” into a scientific market.
Hailsham as an Intimate Space: A Bachelardian Reading of Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go
Authors: Bouacida Soumaya , Lecheheb Ikram , Boumali Itidel , Khlifa Nada
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to investigate the role played by Hailsham, the fictional boarding school in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel Never Let Me Go, in the mind of its central characters as seen through Gaston Bachelard’s conception of space. The article then aims to explore how the memory of Hailsham works as a coping mechanism for some of the novel’s characters, especially for Kathy. After a brief survey of Bachelard’s spatial criticism, the article then discusses the elements of intimacy in the space of Hailsham and portrays the boarding school as a oneiric house or a childhood home in Bachelard’s terms. By using an analytical method, this study offers an examination of two notions, that of memory and that of imagination, which are built upon the aspect of association and intimacy. Following the development of the plot of Never Let Me Go, the article sheds light on the role played by the so-called “cottages” in the shaping of these character’s relations to themselves, to each other, and to the outside world. This paper opens the door to other critics to read Never Let Me Go from the perspective of other spatial theorists like Mitchel Foucault, Henri Lefevbre, and Edward Soja.
Translating Animal Idioms from English into Arabic: An Application of Nida’s Strategies for Translating Idioms
Authors: Al-Qahtani Filwah Dawood , Qahtani Osama Abdulrhman Al
Published: September 2021

Many animal-related idioms are found in Arabic and English languages. However, since there are some differences between Arab and western cultures in history, tradition, geographical environment and mode of thinking, animal idioms can create a cultural gap, which hinders mutual understanding between both cultures. The cultural gap is noticed when translating animal idioms from English into Arabic. Therefore, this research investigates problems encountering translators in the translation of animal idioms from English into Arabic. It also presents strategies that can be applied in the rendition of animal idioms from the source language into the target language. The study discusses problems and strategies of translating animal idioms based on Eugene Nida’s strategies for translating idioms (1964). To conduct the study, the researcher developed an empirical survey adopting a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative methods, to gain a detailed understanding of the translational problems and strategies followed by Saudi translators in the transference of animal idioms from English into Arabic. Findings of the study indicate that most translator respondents opted for the strategy of translating an idiom into a non-idiom even when a corresponding idiom is found in Arabic.
Moroccan Berber Patrimony: An Aptitude for Transnationalism and Universal Coexistence
Authors: Herouach Sofian
Published: September 2021

Moroccan Berbers/Imazighen have undergone centuries of cultural and economic exchange with different foreign powers that crossed to the Maghreb throughout history. Following a significant process of interaction and interchange, the mode of life of the indigenous people has been significantly shaped. This might explain a great deal of present-day socio-cultural diversity enjoyed and exercised in Morocco. The present study aims at investigating aspects of Berber’s interaction with the various populations that landed on North Africa throughout history. The research study builds on the following question: How does the Berber heritage enhance an outlook of transnational exchange and cooperation? The study reaches out the conclusion that Moroccan Imazighen had cohabited and coexisted with different races since immemorial times. Moreover, the study infers that such a longstanding tradition of borderless socio-cultural and economic exchange may serve as a background legacy for present-day Moroccan transnationalism and universal coexistence.
Why Do Homogeneous Friendships Persist in a Diverse Population? Making Sense of Homophily
Authors: Firmansyah Firman M , Pratama Ahmad R.
Published: September 2021

Homophily is one of the robust findings in social network studies. It persists even in a diverse population where the opportunity to develop homogeneous friendship is not greater than a mere chance and the process of developing heterogeneous friendship is facilitated. In this study, we introduce the Framework for Intergroup Relations and Multiple Affiliations Networks (FIRMAN), derived from social identity theory and social network framework, that can explain why that is the case. We begin by explaining its components: social identity space, social identity distance, length of ties, tie outreachability, and tie capacity. Then, through 7000 agent-based simulations, we demonstrate how the interaction of tie outreachability and tie capacity constraints heterogeneous friendship formations, which in turn make homophily inevitable even in a very diverse population. Surprisingly, the presence of even a small percentage (< 15%) of agents who can only develop homogeneous friendships can affect the whole population, preventing other agents from developing heterogenous friendships. We conclude by providing some directions for future research.
Impact of COVID-19 on Orthopaedic Surgery: Comparison Between Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bhandari Ravi , Magar Mohit Thapa , Shrestha Sushil , Sinha Ritesh , Kayastha Nirab , Thapa Bishnu Babu
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Orthopaedic surgical activity has been significantly affected by COVID-19 pandemic. The decision to perform operative interventions is based on balancing risk to benefit to the patient and health care workers. Though different guidelines have been published, there is a lack of reliable data on orthopaedic surgical activities. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Orthopaedic surgeries comparing with the previous year.   

Methods: This was an epidemiological retrospective comparative study conducted at Shree Birendra Hospital, Nepal after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee of NAIHS. Data of the first four month of orthopaedic surgeries after National lockdown (from March 24 to July 23, 2020) and the same four month period of the previous year (The year 2019) were retrieved. The demographic profiles and operations categories (trauma, elective and infections) were compared between two periods using SPSS 21.

Result: Out of total of 651 patients enrolled, 169 patients operated during the pandemic compared with 482 patients before the pandemic. There was a 65% reduction in total surgical procedures, 94% reduction in elective cases and trauma cases were reduced by 29% (P < 0.05). Implant removal (107, 42.8%) constituted the highest elective cases in the year 2019.

Conclusions: The orthopaedic surgical procedures were decreased in frequency during COVID-19 because of a decrease in elective cases. The total trauma patients remained more equable during pandemic despite strict lock-down. Health care facilities should consider this during post pandemic recovery.
Oral Cancer Awareness among Dental Patients
Authors: Bajracharya Barsha , Dahal Anita , Deo Rajeeb Kumar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The incidence of oral cancer in South Asian countries, including Nepal is increasing despite the fact that all of its risk factors are modifiable. This can be attributed to lack of awareness regarding oral cancer and its risk factors among general public. This study was conducted among subjects attending Dental OPD of a tertiary hospital to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding oral cancer and also practices of risk factors associated with it. 
Methods: This is a questionnaire based cross-sectional study conducted from July 2020 to October 2020. Subjects attending Dental OPD of a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu were asked to fill a structured close-ended Questionnaire. Section one of the questionnaire focused on the demographic data of the subjects, second part elicited information pertaining to knowledge of oral cancer, third part focused on attitude and fourth part on practices of participants towards risk factors of oral cancer.
Result: Out of 300 subjects, 65% were males. Most were in the age group 41 - 50 years and 75.6% were literate. Majority mentioned smokeless tobacco as the risk factor, followed by smoking and alcohol. Regarding signs and symptoms, most of the participants mentioned non-healing ulcer, followed by lump and pain. Most of the participants responded tongue as the most common site of oral cancer. Majority answered that oral cancer can be prevented by not chewing tobacco. Among the total, 55.3% said oral cancer is non-contagious. Only 25% had undergone oral examination in the last one year. 31.7% had habit of tobacco and / or alcohol.
Conclusions: The awareness level and knowledge about risk factors and early signs of oral cancer in this cross-section of dental patients were satisfactory.
Key words: awareness; oral cancer; risk factors; tobacco
Knowledge, Acceptability, Perception and Stigmas on Safe Abortion among the women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) in Bhaktapur District.
Authors: Shrestha Ankisha , Sinha Ram Chandra , Ahmad Aalia
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The termination of pregnancy by the removal of a foetus or an embryo before surviving outside the uterus or before attaining its viability is called abortion. This study was conducted to study the knowledge, acceptability, perception and stigma of safe abortion among women of reproductive age group. 

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Bhaktapur District, Nepal from July 2019 to December 2019. Women of reproductive age group were included in the study. The semi-structured questionnaires were used as a data collection tool and Likert scales were used for perception and stigma which were self-designed. For Likert scale on perception and stigma, Cronbach’s α was calculated from the pre-tested samples which was found to be acceptable i.e., 0.649 and 0.856. Interview was taken as data collection technique. Data-entry was done in Epi-Data and analysed through SPSS 16.0. Chi square test was used to measure the association between dependent and independent variables.

Result: The association between “Knowledge and Perception” was found to be significant with p-value of 0.04, the association between “Knowledge and Stigma” was also noted to be significant with p-value of 0.00 and “Knowledge and Acceptability” was also found to be significant with p-value of 0.00 through the assessment of knowledge, acceptability, perception and stigma.

Conclusions: The study emphasises on educating and making aware every woman on safe abortion, its legalisation and its amended law to avoid the stigma and unsafe abortion practices.
An Approach to Determine Coordinate Transformation Parameter for Nepal GPS Network
Authors: Shrestha Kalyan Gopal
Published: September 2021

The Surveying and Mapping community now has the benefit of 3-dimensional coordinates at the centimeter level, through the Global Positioning System (GPS). The reference frame for GPS, World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84), within which a user ascertains these coordinates is essentially geocentric. All coordinated data and mapping in Nepal are based on a non-geocentric coordinate system known as the Everest Datum of 1830. This paper tries to present a practical approach to define transformation parameters between the two coordinate systems for Nepal.
Detection of Building in Airborne Laser Scanner Data and Aerial Images
Authors: Bhandari Dilli Raj
Published: September 2021

The automatic extraction of the objects from airborne laser scanner data and aerial images has been a topic of research for decades. Airborne laser scanner data are very efficient source for the detection of the buildings. Half of the world population lives in urban/suburban areas, so detailed, accurate and up-to-date building information is of great importance to every resident, government agencies, and private companies.

The main objective of this paper is to extract the features for the detection of building using airborne laser scanner data and aerial images. To achieve this objective, a method of integration both LiDAR and aerial images has been explored: thus the advantages of both data sets are utilized to derive the buildings with high accuracy. Airborne laser scanner data contains accurate elevation information in high resolution which is very important feature to detect the elevated objects like buildings and the aerial image has spectral information and this spectral information is an appropriate feature to separate buildings from the trees. Planner region growing segmentation of LiDAR point cloud has been performed and normalized digital surface model (nDSM) is obtained by subtracting DTM from the DSM. Integration of the nDSM, aerial images and the segmented polygon features from the LiDAR point cloud has been carried out. The optimal features for the building detection have been extracted from the integration result. Mean height value of the nDSM, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the standard deviation of the nDSM are the effective features. The accuracy assessment of the classification results obtained using the calculated attributes was done. Assessment result yielded an accuracy of almost 92 % explaining the features which are extracted by integrating the two data sets was large extent, effective for the automatic detection of the buildings.
Transliteration System For Nepali Language
Authors: Shrestha Suresh Man
Published: September 2021

Maps are one of the most popular and comprehensive documents in which people can see geographical names and are one of the most effective means to convey accurate place names. In absence of these names it would be very hard to relate the map with the ground. It is very important to standardize these names to get rid of confusion, inconsistency, uncertainty and misunderstanding the names presented in a map. It is rational to develop a Romanization (Transliteration) System for Nepali, not only to support the initiatives of United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) but also to standardize the way the Nepali geographical names are written especially in maps.
Potentiation of Bio Repositories In Personalized Medicine: Tumor Cells Establishment
Authors: Li Cheng
Published: September 2021

The introduction of three-dimensional (3D) tumor cultures has revolutionized anticancer drug research as these cultures allow for the study of drug resistance mechanisms that cannot be explored in traditional two dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures. Discoveries in the 3D tumor culture field suggest that individualized drug sensitivity testing of solid tumor specimens through the establishment and use of 3D tumor cell cultures following tissue collection will become a routine service offered by modern tissue repositories as they expand from their traditional research role to active participation in personalized medicine. Unfortunately, most information related to 3D tumor cultures comes from studies using established tumor cell lines rather than primary tumor cultures. However, accumulation of genetic aberrations in cancer cell lines occurs with increasing number of passages severely limiting their usefulness for personalized medicine. There is only very limited information available concerning technologies and standard operating procedures for the efficient and routine isolation and processing of primary tumor cells for the establishment of 3D tumor cultures from solid tumor specimens. The purpose of this work was to review experimental data from the literature that may provide relevant information concerning the isolation and processing of primary tumor cells for the establishment of 3D tumor cultures. Information reviewed here may help bio repositories in the development and standardization of technologies and standard operating procedures related to the use of 3D tumor cultures.
La notion d’ « amour » dans les proverbes polonais et français. Analyse de la perspective de la linguistique cognitive
Authors: Bobowska-Nastarzewska Patrycja
Published: September 2021

Celem artykułu jest językowa analiza pojęcia amour w języku francuskim oraz pojęciamiłość w języku polskim na podstawie przysłów zawartych w słownikach. Podjętew pracy badania miały odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy Polacy i Francuzi w taki sam sposóbkonceptualizują pojęcie miłości. Metoda badawcza zastosowana w pracy ma swoje źródłow językoznawstwie kognitywnym i w szczególności dotyczy rozważań Marka L. Johnsona,George’a P. Lakoffa i Ronalda W. Langackera. W analizie wyodrębnione zostały wyidealizowanemodele kognitywne (ICM) pojęcia miłość w języku polskim i amour w językufrancuskim. W tym celu przysłowia polskie i francuskie mówiące o miłości zostały podzielonena grupy, wskazano też podstawowe metafory tworzące modele prototypowe orazmodele peryferyjne pojęć amour i miłość.
Nazwy autorskich wypieków w polskich show kulinarnych
Authors: Burska Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

Nazwy potraw odgrywają istotną rolę, gdyż nierzadko wpływają na wybór konsumentaw restauracji lub sklepie albo też zachęcają do samodzielnego ich przyrządzenia. Celemartykułu jest semantyczno-pragmatyczna analiza nazw autorskich wypieków w polskimshow kulinarnym „Bake off – Ale ciacho!” emitowanym w TVP2 w latach 2016–2019.Materiał badawczy składa się z 300 przykładów. Niemalże obligatoryjnym elementemkażdej analizowanej nazwy jest imię uczestnika, które pełni funkcję informacyjną.W wielu nazwach na pierwszy plan wysuwa się funkcja marketingowa. Onimy te nie tylkoprzekazują informacje o składnikach, pochodzeniu produktów, właściwościach wypieku,jego przeznaczeniu bądź sposobie wykonania, lecz także mają za zadanie pobudzić zmysły,narzucają pozytywne wartościowanie, nierzadko wykorzystując bogatą metaforykę.
Językowe wykładniki humoru w tekstach utworów zespołu Nocny Kochanek
Authors: Karczewska Małgorzata
Published: September 2021

Rozważania dotyczące humoru towarzyszą człowiekowi od starożytności. Również obecniepojawiają się publikacje poświęcone tej tematyce. Humor badany jest przez filozofów,kulturoznawców i socjologów, w artykule istotna jest jednak perspektywa językoznawcza.Jedną z klasyfikacji zjawiska dowcipu językowego jest podział zaproponowany przezDanutę Buttler (1968/2001), która wyróżniła kilka podstawowych mechanizmów, na którychopiera się dowcip językowy. Są to rozmaite zniekształcenia formy wyrazów, określonezestawienia słów, w tym powiązanie słów z różnych rejestrów języka, rymy i neologizmy.Zabiegi te mają na celu zaskoczyć odbiorcę, czasem wykreować nierzeczywisty świat,co może mieć efekt komiczny. W artykule przeanalizowano przykłady dowcipów językowychposzczególnych kategorii, jakie pojawiły się w tekstach utworów polskiej grupy heavymetalowejNocny Kochanek. Analiza wykazała, że w tekstach zespołu można odnaleźćprzykłady wszystkich typów dowcipu językowego wyróżnionych w teorii Buttler, choćwydają się przeważać mechanizmy ogólnokomiczne, związane z użyciem słów potocznychlub wulgarnych, co jest związane z tematyką badanych utworów.
Christoph Weilbach: Wie Laien und Fachleute über Medizinisches sprechen: Ein Vergleich medizinischer Äußerungen in Briefen und Fachtexten aus der Zeit der späten römischen Republik bis in die frühe Kaiserzeit. Propylaeum. Heidelberg 2020, ss. 488
Authors: Choromański Maciej
Published: September 2021

Przed recenzjami nie zamieszcza się abstraktów.
Obcojęzyczne XIX-wieczne nazwiska mieszkańców Piotrkowa Trybunalskiego z sufiksem –er
Authors: Klimas Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

Praca została poświęcona niepolskim nazwom osobowym, zgromadzonym w SNMP,zawierającym sufiks -er. Z analizy nazw własnych wynika, że są one charakterystyczne dlaludności pochodzenia żydowskiego lub niemieckiego. Podstawami derywacyjnymi onimówsą: imiona hebrajskie, nazwy osobowe poświadczone w SNMP oraz w antroponomastykonachżydowskich i niemieckich, nazwy miejscowe z różnych części Polski – zniemczonei w rodzimej postaci, nazwy miejscowe z różnych części Europy, a także appellativa niemieckiei jidysz. Obce nazwiska z sufiksem -er realizują kategorie kognitywne, takie jak:pokrewieństwo, pochodzenie oraz wygląd i charakter. Reprezentują czasem dwie lub trzykategorie jednocześnie, wchodząc tym samym w relacje homonimii.