bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermomagnetic Convection in Porous Media: Effect of Anisotropy and Local Thermal Nonequilibrium
Authors: Ravisha M. , Shivakumara I.S. , Mamatha A.L.
Published: September 2017

The onset of thermomagnetic convection in an anisotropic layer of Darcy porous medium in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field is investigated using a local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) model for energy equation representing the solid and fluid phases separately. Anisotropies in permeability as well as in fluid and solid thermal conductivities are considered. The principle of exchange of stability is shown to be valid. Asymptotic solutions for the Rayleigh number for both small and large values of scaled interphase heat transfer coefficient are presented and the comparison of results with those computed numerically shows good agreement. The mechanical and thermal anisotropy parameters have opposing influence on the stability characteristics of the system. Besides, the influence of magnetic parameters on the instability of the system is also reported.
Impact of Frictional Heating on MHD Radiative Ferrofluid Past a Convective Shrinking Surface
Authors: Kempannagari Anantha Kumar , Janke Venkata Ramana Reddy , Vangala Sugunamma , Naramgari Sandeep
Published: September 2017

The intention of this analysis is to analyse the heat transfer impact on MHD ferrofluid flow over a shrinking sheet. This study is carried out under the knowledge of frictional heating, Biot number and thermal radiation. With the assist of suitable similarity transformations, the governing equations are transmuted into coupled nonlinear ODE’s and then numerically solved by R.K. Fehlberg Technique. For this study, we considered the ferrofluid. The behavior of sundry physical parameters on fluid velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are discussed and presented through plots and tables. Through this investigation, we found that the magnitude of fluid velocity enhances with rising values of volume fraction of nanoparticles. Also, it is found that the Eckert number has tendency to reduce the rate of heat transport.
Instability of Variable Thermal Conductivity Magnetohydrodynamic Nanofluid Flow in a Vertical Porous Channel of Varying Width
Authors: Alam Md. Sarwar , Makinde Oluwole Daniel , Khan Md. Abdul Hakim
Published: September 2017

A numerical investigation is performed into the heat transfer and entropy generation of a variable thermal conductivity magnetohydrodynamic flow of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a vertical channel of varying width with right porous wall, which enable the fluid to enter. The effects of the Lorentz force, buoyancy force, viscous dissipation and Joule heating are considered and modeled using the transverse momentum and energy balance equations respectively. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations and then solved numerically using power series with Hermite-Padé approximation method. A stability analysis has been performed for the local rate of shear stress and Nusselt number that indicates the existence of dual solution branches. Numerical results are achieved for the fluid velocity, temperature as well as the rate of heat transfer at the wall and the entropy generation of the system. The present results are original and new for the flow and heat transfer past a channel of varying width in a nanofluid which shows that the physical parameters have significant effects on the flow field.
Acute ischemic pancreatitis: A rare complication of empirical gastroduodenal artery embolization
Authors: Chua Wei Ming , Venkatanarasimha Nanda , Damodharan Karthikeyan
Published: September 2017

Empirical embolization of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) is accepted as a safe and effective treatment option for endoscopy-refractory nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in patients with high surgical risk. Nontarget embolization is a recognized complication of transarterial embolization, however, symptomatic pancreatic injury is extremely rare. We report a patient who developed acute ischemic pancreatitis immediately after embolization of the GDA, which was confirmed intraoperatively. Interventionists as well as referring clinicians need to be aware of this rare but life threatening complication.
Fine needle aspiration of spindle cell ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: A case report and the use of ancillary tests for the differential diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma
Authors: Chong Yosep , Lee Young Sub , Kim Tae-Jung , Park Woo-Chan , Kang Chang Suk , Lee Eun Jung
Published: September 2017

Spindle cell ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a recently recognized subtype of DCIS, which is associated with a very rare and unique morphology. Although the histologic features have been relatively well described in a few reports, the cytologic features have not. Even though the distinction of this lesion from usual DCIS is not crucial clinically, it should be noted that this lesion might simulate the features of metaplastic carcinoma on fine needle aspiration cytology. Here, we report a case of spindle cell DCIS in a 45-year-old female, with the detailed cytologic features, both on conventional and liquid-based preparations, along with some useful immunohistochemical staining markers for the differential diagnosis.
Diagnosing thoracic venous aneurysm: A contemporary imaging perspective
Authors: Aggarwal Rohit , Gautam Ruchi , Jhamb Dhiraj , Sivasankar Rajeev
Published: September 2017

Thoracic venous aneurysms are a rare clinical entity and contrast-enhanced computed tomography has been the cornerstone of their diagnosis. We are reporting a rare case of isolated left brachiocephalic vein aneurysm, which was surgically managed, highlighting the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a definitive diagnostic modality in this patient.
Role of whole-brain computed tomography perfusion in head injury patients to predict outcome
Authors: Bindu T S , Vyas Sameer , Khandelwal Niranjan , Bhatia Vikas , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Kumar Ajay , Ahuja Chirag K
Published: September 2017

Purpose: To evaluate utility, pattern, and extent of perfusion abnormalities in traumatic brain injury by using whole-brain computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and to assess co-relation of CTP data clinically with Glasgow outcome score (GOS). Materials and Methods: Prospective analytic evaluation of the traumatic head injury patients who were immediately taken up for CTP was done. Patient's demographic, clinical, and radiological findings were tabulated and analyzed. GOS was measured by a neurosurgeon after 3 months of trauma who was blinded to CTP results. Results: Of the 78 patients included in this study, 28 patients were found to have GOS 5, 19 of them had GOS 4, 27 of them had GOS 3, and 4 of them had a GOS 2. Higher mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) values were observed in those who had a better GOS, i.e., 4 or 5, whereas those in the GOS range ≤3 had lower mean CBF and CBV values. Conclusion: Statistically significant positive correlation was found between cerebral perfusion parameters with that of GOS. CBF of frontal area shows better correlation with GOS. CBF was the most important predictor among all the perfusion parameters.
Radiological requirements for surgical planning in cochlear implant candidates
Authors: Alam-Eldeen Mohamad Hasan , Rashad Usama Mohamed , Ali Al Hussein Awad
Published: September 2017

Objective: This study is concerned with clarification of radiological findings that should be addressed and reported in patients listed for cochlear implant (CI) operation. These findings may force a surgeon to consider modifications of the surgical approach by a CI surgeon. Materials and Methods: The study was performed from January 2015 to January 2016. It included 50 patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss who fulfilled the criteria for CI. Patients underwent CI surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology. All patients underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology. Combined examination of the CT and MRI by the radiologist and the surgeon was advocated. Results: Many anatomical variants were observed regarding the pattern of mastoid pneumatization, position of middle cranial fossa dura, sigmoid sinus position jugular bulb position, and the size and position of the mastoid segment of facial nerve canal. Labyrinthitis ossificans was seen in 3 patients (6%), otospongiosis in 1 patient (2%), and dilated vestibular aqueduct and endolymphatic sac in 9 patients (18%). Conclusion: Cochlear implantation is a major treatment modality in patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Radiological evaluation is integral in surgery planning.
Long Sets of Lengths With Maximal Elasticity
Authors: Geroldinger Alfred , Zhong Qinghai
Published: September 2017

We introduce a newinvariant describing the structure of sets of lengths in atomicmonoids and domains. For an atomic monoid H, let Δρ(H) be the set of all positive integers d that occur as differences of arbitrarily long arithmetical progressions contained in sets of lengths havingmaximal elasticity ρ(H). We study Δρ(H) for transfer Krull monoids of finite type (including commutative Krull domains with finite class group) with methods from additive combinatorics, and also for a class of weakly Krull domains (including orders in algebraic number fields) for which we use ideal theoretic methods.
Measurement of Radiated Emissions from Integrated Circuits—TEM/Wideband TEM (GTEM) Cell Method; TEM Cell (150 kHz to 1 GHz), Wideband TEM Cell (150 kHz to 8 GHz)
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: September 2017

This measurement procedure defines a method for measuring the electromagnetic radiation from an integrated circuit (IC). The IC being evaluated is mounted on an IC test printed circuit board (PCB) that is clamped to a mating port (referred to as a wall port) cut in the top or bottom of a TEM or wideband TEM (GTEM) cell. The test board is not in the cell as in the conventional usage but becomes a part of the cell wall. This method is applicable to any TEM or GTEM cell modified to incorporate the wall port; however, the measured RF voltage is affected by the septum to test board (wall) spacing. This procedure was developed using a 1 GHz TEM cell with a septum to wall spacing of 45 mm and a GTEM cell with average septum to wall spacing of 45 mm over the port area. Other cells may not produce identical spectral output but may be used for comparative measurements, subject to their frequency and sensitivity limitations. A conversion factor may allow comparisons between data measured on TEM or GTEM cells with different septum to wall spacing. The IC test board controls the geometry and orientation of the operating IC relative to the cell and eliminates any connecting leads within the cell (these are on the backside of the board, which is outside the cell). For the TEM cell, one of the 50 Ω ports is terminated with a 50 Ω load. The other 50 Ω port for a TEM cell, or the single 50 Ω port for a GTEM cell, is connected to the input of a spectrum analyzer or receiver that measures the RF emissions emanating from the IC and coupled onto the septum of the TEM cell.
Menswear
Authors: Hopkins John
Published: September 2017

Menswear books for fashion design students are under-represented in relation to the wealth of womenswear titles, this fully expanded and updated edition of Menswear provides a broad introduction to this exciting subject.

The second edition includes two completely new chapters on design development for menswear, which looks at sportswear, print, denim and knitwear, and on design research, which explores working with sketchbooks, fabric, colour, samples, trimmings, toiles and first samples. Filled with insightful new interviews with both emerging and established designers, Menswear also features case studies with contemporary menswear labels, stylists and designers. New exercises complete each chapter, enabling readers to apply their own skills in fabric, colour, print and design.

Menswear is an invaluable companion text for all designers seeking inspiration for their own menswear design collections.
Social Psychology of Dress
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Johnson Kim P. , Rudd Nancy A.
Published: September 2017

Social Psychology of Dress presents and explains the major theories and concepts that are important to understanding relationships between dress and human behavior. These concepts and theories are derived from such disciplines as sociology, psychology, anthropology, communication, and textiles and clothing. Information presented will provide summaries of empirical research, as well as examples from current events or popular culture.
Introduction
Authors: Winiarski Douglas L.
Published: September 2017

Darkness Falls on the Land of Light opens with the story of two families—the Coreys and Holbrooks—who once worshipped side by side in the Sturbridge, Massachusetts, Congregational church but by 1750 no longer experienced religion in commensurate ways as a result of their experiences during the combustive religious revivals of the Great Awakening. The introduction frames the larger argument of the study and defines the key terms of analysis, including the categories of religious experience and religious practices.
Godly Walkers
Authors: Winiarski Douglas L.
Published: September 2017

Drawing on an exceptional collection of church admission relations from the town of Haverhill, Massachusetts, Part 1 examines the widely shared religious vocabulary through which Congregational church membership candidates during the period between 1680 and 1740 pledged to "walk answerably" to their doctrinal professions in the hope that a vengeful deity would not pour out affliction on their bodies, families, and communities. The multiple demands of a "Godly Walk" entailed spiritualizing everyday occurrences, meditating in secret, baptizing children in a timely fashion, and raising them in church fellowship. During the early decades of the eighteenth century, the rhythms of church affiliation were closely tied to family formation and social maturation, and women emerged as the primary source of religious authority. A godly walk was the key to safety and prosperity in this world, if not salvation in the next.
Pentecost and Protest
Authors: Winiarski Douglas L.
Published: September 2017

The charismatic elements of an emerging Whitefieldian conversion paradigm impelled many revival participants to engage in dramatic acts of disobedience. The most notable of these ecclesiastical disorders, the infamous New London bonfires of 1743, anchors the discussion in Part 4. Inspired by powerful native-born itinerants such as the incendiary James Davenport, Spirit-possessed radicals railed against the opponents of the revivals in outbursts of heated speech, assumed the power to determine the conversions of others through a controversial practice known as spiritual discernment, and embraced internal callings or divine commissions to preach without license or ordination. In time, the voices of scripture that dropped into their heads and sounded in their ears compelled them to break communion with the churches of the established Congregational establishment altogether.
Introduction
Authors: Pryor Elizabeth Stordeur
Published: September 2017

“I am unable to travel in any part of this country without calling forth illustrations of the dark spirit of slavery at every step.”1 The words of black abolitionist Frederick Douglass, written in 1852, were literal. He meant not only that slavery infiltrated every aspect of American life but also that traveling was hard. From at least the 1810s and until the Civil War, free African Americans in the antebellum North confronted obstacles to their mobility, including racial segregation in public space. It was difficult for a person of color to walk across town without being harassed, but the vehicles of public transportation—stagecoaches, steamships, and railroads—emerged as one of the most notorious spaces for antiblack aggression. Even so, when Douglass voiced his complaint, segregation was not yet the law of the land. It was not until the 1860s that southern states passed segregation laws, and it was not until 1896 that the federal government institutionalized “separate but equal” legislation in the United States....
Documenting Citizenship
Authors: Pryor Elizabeth Stordeur
Published: September 2017

Chapter 4 tells the story of how, between 1834 and the 1860s, the U.S. Department of State refused to grant free people of color official passports for international travel. During a period when passport policy was still nascent, by rejecting black applicants, the federal government illustrated how travel and citizenship were inextricably linked in the United States. At the same time that African Americans could not get passports, state laws and customs required some people of color to carry a series of identification papers best thought of as racialized surveillance documents, including slave passes, black sailors’ passports, and free papers. Demonstrating how fundamentally raced the idea of carrying papers was to white Americans, when white people traveled abroad, they consistently grumbled about having to show their papers. For colored travelers, however, the passport was an object of desire because it denoted U.S. citizenship. In the late 1840s and early 1850s, by pushing the federal government to address racial restrictions for acquiring the U.S. passport, colored travelers rendered the question of black citizenship a matter of national import almost a decade before the 1857 Dred Scott decision did the same.
The Atlantic Voyage and Black Radicalism
Authors: Pryor Elizabeth Stordeur
Published: September 2017

Chapter 5 looks at the Atlantic crossing from the United States to Great Britain, where colored travelers shifted their protest strategies at sea. Black abolitionists made this journey between the 1830s and the 1860s, and they found that even British-owned steamship companies practiced segregation. Interestingly, however, black activists did not take on Atlantic captains and ship proprietors with the same ferocity that they had conductors back home. In part, this was because the ocean voyage, which lasted between nine and fourteen days, was too confining and dangerous to defy white vigilantes. Yet, more importantly, colored travelers also knew that desegregating Atlantic steamships was hardly the endgame. Rather, colored travelers relaxed their protest strategies while on board and remained focused on the significance of the trip itself. They wanted to reach foreign shores, connect with British abolitionists, and most of all see if the promises were true that abroad African Americans could experience true freedom of mobility, a right that eluded them at home. This is not to suggest that activists did not protest segregation on British steamships. They did, but without the physical assertiveness they adopted in the fight against the Jim Crow car. The story of Frederick Douglass’s harrowing transatlantic voyage in 1845 shows this. An analysis of early nineteenth- century shipboard culture and the British-owned Cunard steamship line illustrates how, for colored travelers, the transatlantic voyage emerged as a liminal phase between American racism and their perceptions of British and European egalitarianism.
The Evolution of Virginity
Authors: Jaffary Nora E.
Published: September 2017

This chapter traces change and continuity in the discourse and practice of virginity through colonial and nineteenth-century Mexico by studying religious tracts, medical texts, and criminal trials. Particular attention is paid to the testimony that Mexican midwives supplied about virginity to criminal courts. Colonial Mexicans primarily associated virginity with Catholic symbolism and expressed uncertainty about the confirmation of biological virginity. In this era, the cessation of menstruation might indicate pregnancy, but might also indicate various other medical conditions which could be alleviated through the ingestion of socially sanctioned menstrual regulators. The late nineteenth century marked the emergence of a scientific discourse that posited an impartial and empirical means to establish “biological virginity,” particularly in the research of physician Francisco Flores’ study of the Mexican hymen. Evidence from criminal trials and secondary literature also reveals a change across time whereby by the late nineteenth century, increasing numbers of lower class Mexican women purportedly adopted the imperative of preserving virginity prior to marriage than had done so in the colonial era.
Conception and Pregnancy
Authors: Jaffary Nora E.
Published: September 2017

This chapter surveys the ideas and practices surrounding conception and pregnancy that circulated in colonial and nineteenth-century Mexico. It demonstrates that knowledge of these subjects remained relatively stable across time and that midwives persisted as the most frequent providers of health care to women during pregnancy despite the emergence of a small cadre of professional obstetricians at the end of the colonial period. Early ethnohistorical records, inquisition files, and criminal cases record the extent of the persistence of pre-Columbian medical knowledge about pregnancy and conception through the colonial period, including the persistence of pregnant women’s use of Nahua temazcal baths. One changing development over time was the rise in the nineteenth century of claims to medical certainty about the determination of whether conception had occurred. This chapter also provides a qualitative and quantitative portrait of the racial, economic, and civil status of Mexican midwives and assesses public perceptions of these women whom Mexicans of various strata tended to hold in high regard, even in the context of the ever-increasing state initiatives to professionalize midwifery.
Infanticide
Authors: Jaffary Nora E.
Published: September 2017

This chapter uses criminal cases, legal codes, and newspaper coverage to track Mexicans’ changing attitudes toward the crime of infanticide from the colonial period through the nineteenth century. While rarely denounced during the colonial era, when those convicted of infanticide would theoretically be sentenced with the death penalty, denunciations for the crime skyrocketed at the close of the nineteenth century at the same time as sentences were reduced to imprisonment. This chapter argues that the rise in denunciations reflects a change in popular conceptions of maternity and of female honor rather than merely a shift in the Porfirian state’s increased vigilance about policing the criminal acts of Mexican society’s lower orders. Although conviction rates also rose in later periods, Mexican justices most often absolved those suspected of the crime due to insufficient evidence.
Monstrous Births
Authors: Jaffary Nora E.
Published: September 2017

This chapter uses eighteenth- and nineteenth-century news publications, medical periodicals, and an 1895 catalogue of birth anomalies from Mexico’s National Museum of History to study evolving ideas about birth monstrosity. In the late colonial period, Mexicans understood anomalous births as evidence of New Spain’s prodigious fertility, a perspective that reflected both the particularized manner in which the Enlightenment developed in Mexico and the late colonial development of “creole patriotism”. Nineteenth-century reports of monstrous births revealed some changes. The later notices conveyed popular attitudes of revulsion and horror toward birth monsters. Second, whereas the late colonial notices restricted speculation as to the origins of unusual infants to “the rare effects of nature,” by the late nineteenth century, scientists and physicians, particularly obstetrician Juan María Rodrígez, turned their focus directly onto (and into) the bodies of the mothers who had produced such phenomena. They increasingly monitored the biological conditions of aberrant embryos’ development in the female uterus. This view allowed for the possible biological regeneration of monstrous productions but also contributed to the construction of the inherent pathology of Mexican women’s reproductive anatomy.
Introduction
Authors: Van Horn Jennifer
Published: September 2017

Elite colonists in the port cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Charleston sought to construct a new civil society on the margins of the British Empire. They turned to material artifacts as a means of building networks between people. Through purchase of common goods and similar modes of object use, colonial consumers formulated communities of taste that drew individuals together. Colonists relied upon the power of assemblage to transform their individual identities and to create a sensus communis. The portraits painted by Joseph Blackburn in Bermuda and New England illuminate the regional divergences in transatlantic polite culture and point to the local bonds forged through artifacts and objects’ power to assemble the social.
Masquerading as Colonists
Authors: Van Horn Jennifer
Published: September 2017

This chapter studies a series of portraits of young women dressed for the masquerade, completed by English artist John Wollaston in Charleston, South Carolina. Although Wollaston painted the sitters in historic costume appropriate for a public masked ball, no masquerades were held in the British North American colonies. Instead, these fictional portrayals allowed colonial women to vicariously participate in the sexually riotous assemblies. For male colonists, the paintings underlined the need to contain women’s sexuality. In a colonial environment, many feared women’s proximity to native Americans would spur savage behaviors and compromise civil society. Most of the portraits feature young women about to be married, connecting their masked visages with the metaphor of a woman in courtship who masked her affections to attain the best husband. Wollaston’s adoption of mask iconography also resonates with the tumultuous 1760s, marked by the growing political crisis between Great Britain and her American colonies, when colonists questioned the nature of their identity as imperial subjects and feared British duplicity.
Prologue
Authors: Yarger Lisa
Published: September 2017

At Christmas time, the narrator visits the Alte Pinakothek in Munich and stands before a triptych by Jan Joest van Kalkar, contemplating why this particular Nativity brings midwife Lovie Shelton to mind.
I’m a Legend Down Here!
Authors: Yarger Lisa
Published: September 2017

A thumbnail sketch of Lovie Beard Shelton, a self-styled legend from Beaufort County, North Carolina, who was the first nurse-midwife to practice in the state. The reader meets a woman so taken by the central birth story of the Christian gospels that she keeps a mule in her son’s back yard to remind her of the story of Mary riding on a donkey into Bethlehem to give birth to Jesus; Lovie also speculates that a midwife was present at Jesus’s birth but that the Bible “forgot to put [her] in there.” In 1996 folklorist and narrator Lisa Yarger meets Lovie for the first time while working on the exhibit, “Health and Healing Experiences in North Carolina,” for the North Carolina Museum of History. When Yarger arrives at Shelton’s home in the town of Washington, NC for their first interview, the reader glimpses the mix of fascination and unease that characterizes the relationship between the two women throughout the book.
The House of Freedom
Authors: Yarger Lisa
Published: September 2017

This chapter presents Lovie in her garden, the setting in which she is (after the birthing room) happiest and most relaxed. Not only is Lovie’s yard a place for her to relax and enjoy natural beauty, it’s also a place where her Christian faith spills out into three-dimensions, as when she creates “Bible scenes” such as her “Woman at the Well well.” The relationship between Lovie and narrator Lisa Yarger grows more informal as Lovie gently ropes Lisa into helping with various yard decorating schemes, including the creation of a literal “bed of roses” and painting instructional and moralistic signs to hang on Lovie’s trees. Yarger begins to reflect on her evolving relationship with Lovie and the challenges of shifting roles and expectations while doing documentary fieldwork.
Connie Corey and Doris Wilson
Authors: Yarger Lisa
Published: September 2017

Two African American women whose babies Lovie delivered in the 1960s, Connie Corey and Doris Wilson, recount their experiences of having Lovie Shelton as their midwife for their home births. Doris Wilson tells the story of the breech birth of her first child, how Lovie urged her to get birth control, and how a doctor refused to tie her tubes after the birth of her third child, insisting she was too young to make such a decision. Doris Wilson also describes the unsatisfactory hospital birth of her seventh child and how she was finally able to have a tubal ligation. Finally, Mrs. Wilson explains her philosophy of midwives as “God’s chosen” and the difference between seeing with the natural eye and the spiritual eye; the latter is a gift she attributes to Mrs. Shelton. The narrator explores the phenomenon of being prayed over while doing documentary fieldwork.
Reunion
Authors: Yarger Lisa
Published: September 2017

Lovie and the narrator travel together to Nash County for Lovie’s annual family reunion and pig-pickin’. Lovie recounts stories of her Civil War-era ancestors, including a preacher who practiced his sermons on his mules and a beautiful great-aunt who walked some thirty miles alone to beg a Federal officer to return the mules he’d taken from her farm. As Lovie and the narrator drive through Wilson, Lovie recounts her experiences in “the big town” as a girl. The reader meets a number of Lovie’s relatives, including her sister Octavia Bowman and her niece and nephew, and experiences Lovie as a stand-out character even within her own family.
A Public Health Nurse-Midwife
Authors: Yarger Lisa
Published: September 2017

After her return from Scotland, Lovie is appointed by Dr. C.C. Applewhite, state board of health director, to be the first public health nurse ever in Pamlico County. This chapter gives a thumbnail history of the regulation of midwives in the 20th century South, the passing of the Sheppard-Towner Act that led to midwife training, and the prejudices of the medical and public health establishment against midwives in the debate that came to be known as the “midwife problem.” This chapter also discusses how Lovie became an accomplice in efforts by the medical establishment to phase out the traditional midwives (grannies), the very midwives who so fascinated her as a child. This chapter also includes the story of how Lovie came to marry Marshall Shelton, a roving sawyer thirty-three years her senior.
Marshall
Authors: Yarger Lisa
Published: September 2017

During the wait on Joy's baby, Lovie and the narrator learn that Lovie's ex-son-in-law has shot and killed himself after killing his second wife, a murder-suicide that is eclipsed by the news that same day of race car driver Dale Earnhardt’s death. The deaths, which take place just down the road from Lovie's house, dredge up memories for Lovie of her son Marshall Shelton's murder, the story of which unfolds in this chapter. Lovie sends the narrator alone into the lair of the geese to take more eggs for the incubator.
Barbry Allen, a Baby, the Medes, a Prayer
Authors: Yarger Lisa
Published: September 2017

Still waiting on Joy’s baby, Lovie and the narrator do yard work together. Lovie reflects on her past dream to work in Alaska and reminisces about her mother and the songs she used to sing, including the ballad “Barbry Allen.” On Sunday the narrator reluctantly accompanies Lovie once again to church, where the narrator enjoys watching Lovie interact with a baby. Back at Lovie’s, Lovie wants to figure out what contemporary nation the Medes (mentioned in church earlier in the day) occupied, and the narrator spends half the day in her room, desperate for time alone.
A World of Confusion and Fog
Authors: Yarger Lisa
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores how, unknown to Lovie, an underground home birth movement has quietly thrived in North Carolina in the several decades since the passage of the 1983 midwifery bill outlawing the practice of lay midwifery. This chapter also chronicles the founding in 1992 of a master’s level midwifery training program at East Carolina University in Greenville, a program that brought certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) into the eastern part of the state to train, teach and work. Two CNMs, Laurie Irwin-Pinkley and Maj-Liz Downey, befriend Lovie and facilitate her connection to the North Carolina chapter of the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM). Lovie is flattered by their recognition of her as a pioneer but befuddled by the changes in her profession that make it difficult for her to identify completely with the younger nurse-midwives. Lovie tries and fails to understand her place in the new midwifery landscape.
Revelations
Authors: Yarger Lisa
Published: September 2017

Lovie’s spirits plummet when forced to cancel her remaining scheduled deliveries after having hip replacement surgery. She and the narrator continue to try to make sense of their spiritual differences. After the narrator marries a non-practicing Jew, Lovie temporarily ramps up her evangelizing but eventually seems to accept the narrator’s resistance to being pinned down. Lovie leaves the door open for more deliveries, then experiences a devastating house fire that forces her to move in with her daughter. She continues to revisit her past through storytelling, but it is not clear where this process will ultimately lead her. Struggling with health issues and depression, she hints at her readiness for the narrator to wrap up her research. The narrator ponders her responsibility to Lovie and how she has possibly contributed to Lovie’s exhaustion by stretching out the documentary fieldwork phase of the book project.
God Dealt Well with the Midwives
Authors: Yarger Lisa
Published: September 2017

While pregnant, the narrator visits Lovie (who is still living with her daughter Nancy while her house is being repaired post-fire) and ponders how Lovie’s life looks like a stretched out version of the Book of Job. The narrator meets and interviews younger midwives around North Carolina (including CNMs at a North Carolina chapter meeting of the American College of Nurse-Midwives) to help her put Lovie's career in context. Influenced both by these women and by her relationship with Lovie, the narrator considers delivering at the Women’s Birth and Wellness Center in Chapel Hill, a free-standing birth center, and ultimately decides to have a home birth with nurse-midwife Nancy Harman in attendance. This chapter also unfolds the story of the narrator’s home birth. Before moving with her husband and daughter to Munich, Germany to open a bookshop, the narrator visits Lovie with her baby and realizes she knows everything she needs to know to finish the book on Lovie.
Introduction
Authors: Miller Chris
Published: September 2017

Amid the thousands of protesters who assembled on China’s Tiananmen Square in May 1989, just weeks before the Chinese government sent troops to crush the demonstrations, one person held a placard that declared: “We Salute the Ambassador of Democracy.”1 The envoy that this protester saluted was neither an activist, nor a dissident, nor from a country renowned for human rights advocacy. It was Mikhail Gorbachev, general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The type of democracy he offered was not Western-style liberal capitalism, but market socialism. Chinese students took trains from far-flung provinces just to see him....
Asian Pivot
Authors: Miller Chris
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the meaning of ‘economic reform’ in the USSR. Many scholars have suggested that ‘the idea of the West’ was a significant driver of Gorbachev’s policies. That may have been true in domestic policy, but this chapter shows that during the 1980s, Soviet analysts—like their American colleagues—believed that the Western economic model was being eclipsed by Asian competition. In the USSR as in the West, the 1980s were the decade of ‘Japan as Number One’. This chapter examines why Soviet analysts believed the West was in decline. It concludes by noting Gorbachev’s personal interest in Asian development models—and in China in particular.
A Soviet Shenzhen?
Authors: Miller Chris
Published: September 2017

This chapter addresses the Soviet Union’s approach to foreign investment. In the early 1980s, the USSR was skeptical of foreign capital. Poland’s debt crisis in the 1980s seemed to prove Marxist-Leninist ideas that foreign capitalists would undermine socialism. Hence Gorbachev’s early reform concepts had little to say about attracting investment. Only after China’s success in using foreign capital to develop its industrial base did Soviet policymakers begin to take another look. By the late 1980s, the Kremlin began replicating the techniques that China used to attract foreign capital, including creating Special Economic Zones, territories in which foreign businesses were given special incentives to invest. Despite bureaucratic opposition, Gorbachev and his allies explicitly copied China’s special economic zones when devising proposals to create similar institutions in the Soviet Far East.
Of Subsidies and Sovkhozes
Authors: Miller Chris
Published: September 2017

Gorbachev is often criticized for ignoring agriculture in his reforms. In fact, as this chapter shows, Gorbachev was an agriculture expert and sought to implement Chinese-style reforms to give individual households control over farm land. Gorbachev argued that China’s experience showed that private ownership improves agricultural productivity. Nonetheless, political conflict constrained Gorbachev’s ability to adopt Chinese-style agriculture reforms in the USSR. The agro-industrial lobby, which was represented by provincial leaders and by top Politburo officials in Moscow, stubbornly opposed decollectivizing farmland and cutting subsidies. Decollectivization would have benefitted farmers, but reforms threatened farm managers and the fertilizer and tractor industries. By 1991, Gorbachev finally succeeded in pushing through structural reforms, though opposition had managed to stall reform for five years and demanded higher subsidies that left a massive hole in the Kremlin’s budget.
Fiscal Crisis, the Tiananmen Option, and the Dissolution of the USSR
Authors: Miller Chris
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the growth of the Soviet budget deficit from 1989 through 1991. The government plugged the increasingly large hole in its budget by printing money. This caused a surge of inflation that made economic mechanisms ground to a halt. The security services, backed by allies in heavy industries and collective farms, sought to resolve the problem by emulating post-Tiananmen China. They launched a coup in August, 1991 to reestablish authoritarian rule. The coup leaders hoped this would provide the power they needed to balance the budget. In fact, the subsidies that flowed to the military and other interest groups were the main cause of the budget deficit. The putsch could only have succeeded in resolving the country’s deficit if the new leaders cut spending on the military, farms, and heavy industries—the very groups that supported the coup. That was never a plausible outcome. Lacking fresh ideas to resolve the country’s economic crisis, the coup collapsed and the USSR hurtled toward disintegration.
My Dear Ones
Authors: Rogoff Leonard
Published: September 2017

Gertrude Weil was raised in a multicultural household. Her father and grandparents had joined the Bavarian and Wurttemberg Jewish immigrant tide to America after the failed 1848 revolutions. From Baltimore they followed rail lines southward to North Carolina. They quickly acculturated as southerners, including Confederate service in the Civil War. Settling in a New South mill and market town, they rose from clerks and peddlers to successful mercantilists and entrepreneurs. Gertrude was raised amidst affluence, with white racial privilege, and benefitted from the progressive public school movement. Weils were also observant Jews, and her parents as congregational leaders imbued her with the ethics of Reform Judaism. Her identities as an emancipated Jew, cultured German, and progressive New Southerner were consonant.
Treat People Equaly
Authors: Rogoff Leonard
Published: September 2017

Weil always acknowledged that as a Southerner she had inherited racial prejudices. Her career prior to civil rights movement included paternalistic support of black uplift through philanthropy, anti-lynching campaigns, and social-service advocacy. With Frank Graham and other southern liberals she had supported the changing hearts and minds approach. By the late 1940s she abandoned gradualism and endorsed integration. She was a long time executive member of the biracial North Carolina Council on Human relations and joined the Southern Regional Council. Locally, she opened her home for a biracial Women's Goodwill Committee and publicly opposed the state's Pearsall Plan to keep schools open while impeding integration. She built a municipal swimming pool for blacks and led an integrated march into a segregated hotel.
My Share of Responsibility
Authors: Rogoff Leonard
Published: September 2017

In her later years she continued her community activism in poverty relief, health care, and interfaith and interracial relations. She served on the Charles B. Aycock Memorial Commission. Her personal politics remained on the left. Although not a partisan Democrat, she worked on the failed campaign to elect Frank Porter Graham to the Senate and supported the candidacies of Kerr Scott and Terry Sanford. She was reluctant to accept the honors increasingly awarded her.
Legacy
Authors: Rogoff Leonard
Published: September 2017

Weil is still remembered in scholarly publications on the women's movement and American Jewry. Although her ideals of ending war, poverty, and racial inequality were not wholly realized, incremental advances were achieved over her lifetime. She would regret persisting inequalities of wealth and the resegregation of schools. Her liberal Zionism has also underwent challenge as Israel confronted wars and demographic change. Weil's legacy was as a practical idealist, not an ideologue nor revolutionary. Living on the fault lines of North Carolina's social and political contradictions, she was a both conservative and progressive, both traditional and modern. Her lasting legacy is the example she set of living a life of public service while retaining her humanity
Monuments to Absence
Authors: Denson Andrew
Published: September 2017

The 1830s forced removal of Cherokees from their southeastern homeland became the most famous event in the Indian history of the American South, an episode taken to exemplify a broader experience of injustice suffered by Native peoples. In this book, Andrew Denson explores the public memory of Cherokee removal through an examination of memorials, historic sites, and tourist attractions dating from the early twentieth century to the present. White southerners, Denson argues, embraced the Trail of Tears as a story of Indian disappearance. Commemorating Cherokee removal affirmed white possession of southern places, while granting them the moral satisfaction of acknowledging past wrongs. During segregation and the struggle over black civil rights, removal memorials reinforced whites' authority to define the South's past and present. Cherokees, however, proved capable of repossessing the removal memory, using it for their own purposes during a time of crucial transformation in tribal politics and U.S. Indian policy. In considering these representations of removal, Denson brings commemoration of the Indian past into the broader discussion of race and memory in the South.
Introduction
Authors: Denson Andrew
Published: September 2017

This book began with tourism. In the summer of 1994, a friend and I drove from Bloomington, Indiana, where I attended graduate school, to Florida for a short vacation. As we sped along Interstate 75 through northern Georgia, I spotted a brown roadside sign announcing that, at the next exit, we would find New Echota, a state historic site interpreting the history of the Cherokee Nation. For a brief time in the early nineteenth century, New Echota was the Cherokee capital, the seat of the national government created by tribal leaders in the 1820s. The Cherokee National Council met at New Echota in the years prior to removal, and it was the site of the Cherokee Supreme Court. During a time when the United States and the state of Georgia pressured Cherokees to emigrate to the West, the new capital represented the Cherokees’ determination to remain in their homeland. It was also the place where, in late 1835, a small group of tribal leaders signed the treaty under which the United States forced the Cherokee Nation to remove. I had recently become interested in the history of Cherokee sovereignty and nationhood, and I concluded that I should prob ably know about this heritage attraction. We pulled off the highway and followed the signs to the site....
Removal and the Cherokee Nation
Authors: Denson Andrew
Published: September 2017

This chapter provides an overview of removal-era Cherokee history. It recounts the rise of the Indian removal policy and the state of Georgia's campaign to compel the Cherokee Nation to negotiate a removal treaty. It describes Cherokee resistance to removal and the experience of the "Trail of Tears." It also offers a brief narrative of Cherokee Nation history after removal, while explaining the emergence of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians in North Carolina. The chapter ends by describing several ways in which Cherokees and non-Indians employed the memory of removal in writings from the late nineteenth century. These writings established themes later broadcast by twentieth century commemorations.
The Tourists
Authors: Denson Andrew
Published: September 2017

In the 1920s and 30s, tourism in southern Appalachia created a new public awareness of the region's Cherokee history. With the establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), the Cherokee community in Western North Carolina became a significant tourist destination, and this development encouraged promoters to work the Cherokees more thoroughly into their conceptions of the region's past. Tourist literature and performances began to highlight certain Cherokee historical episodes, among them the story of removal. This chapter traces the Cherokee community's growing involvement in the regional tourism economy during the interwar period, while examining mountain tourism's representations of Cherokee history. It describes the roles played by Cherokee history in promotions for the GSMNP, before closely analysing two particular commemorations: a campaign in Knoxville, Tennessee, to erect a monument to Cherokee removal and a pageant mounted by the Eastern Band of Cherokees to mark the one-hundredth anniversary of the tribe's removal treaty.
Epilogue
Authors: Denson Andrew
Published: September 2017

In 2012, small white signs began appearing next to monuments and roadside markers related to Cherokee history in western North Carolina and southeastern Tennessee. In red letters, printed in both the Cherokee syllabary and English, they stated simply, “we are still here.” I first noticed one of the signs on my commute to work. It showed up one day next to a North Carolina roadside marker indicating the boundary of Cherokee territory established by a land cession in 1802. The state marker was a typical colonial monument. It commemorated the transfer of territory from an indigenous people to the new settler nation, invoking Cherokees in order to account for their erasure. The new sign, however, deftly reworked the old, reminding passersby that this place is still Cherokee ground and that the Cherokee people remain present....