bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term decrease in Asian monsoon rainfall and abrupt climate change events over the past 6,700 years
Authors: Yang Bao , Qin Chun , Bräuning Achim , Osborn Timothy J. , Trouet Valerie , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Esper Jan , Schneider Lea , Grießinger Jussi , Büntgen Ulf , Rossi Sergio , Dong Guanghui , Yan Mi , Ning Liang , Wang Jianglin , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Suming , Luterbacher Jürg , Cook Edward R. , Stenseth Nils Chr.
Published: July 2021

Significance

The variability of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is important for the functioning of ecological and societal systems at regional to continental scales, but the long-term evolution and interannual variability of this system is not well understood. Here, we present a stable isotope–based reconstruction of ASM variability covering 4680 BCE to 2011 CE. Superimposed on a gradual drying trend, a rapid drop in mean annual precipitation (>40%) toward persistently drier conditions occurred in ∼1675 BCE. This megadrought caused regional forest deterioration and enhanced aeolian activity affecting Chinese ecosystems. We argue that this abrupt aridification starting ∼2000 BCE triggered waves of human migration and societal transformation in northern China, which contributed to the alteration of spatial pattern of ancient civilizations.
Genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of model animals as a platform for translational research
Authors: Wang Hao , Robinson Jonathan L. , Kocabas Pinar , Gustafsson Johan , Anton Mihail , Cholley Pierre-Etienne , Huang Shan , Gobom Johan , Svensson Thomas , Uhlen Mattias , Zetterberg Henrik , Nielsen Jens
Published: July 2021

Significance

Animal models and genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are two important tools for studying human diseases, but a proper integration of the two is lacking. To bridge them, we developed a reproducible and systematic framework by which the GEMs for major model animals are reconstructed and maintained. Due to the shared namespace, biological insights can be inferred from comparative analysis of the omics data from different animal models of the same disease. The drug targets and biomarkers derived from integrative metabolic analysis can thus be validated and translated to treatments and/or diagnostic methods. As an example, we demonstrated their utility in discovering potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, where there is a lack of effective diagnostics and treatments.
Integration of signals from different cortical areas in higher order thalamic neurons
Authors: Sampathkumar Vandana , Miller-Hansen Andrew , Sherman S. Murray , Kasthuri Narayanan
Published: July 2021

Significance

Higher order thalamic neurons receive input from layer 5 cells of different cortical regions. We address the issue of a possible convergence of information from these different cortical areas onto individual thalamic relay cells. We leverage advances in genetic labeling and serial electron microscopy to address this question. Using dual labeling to distinguish inputs from sensory and motor cortical areas, we provide evidence of integration of different cortical signals on single thalamic relay cells in the posterior medial nucleus. This provides insight into the complex functioning of thalamus.
Massive corpora and models of cross‑cultural communication styles in Cognitive Linguistics
Authors: Pavlovic Vladan
Published: July 2021

The paper addresses a pair of construction variants: the N1 V for N2
to-infinitive construction and its version without for, in the cases when both are possible with
the same main verb (I need for him to leave / I need you to stop). It aims
to point to the importance of the use of massive e-corpora in gaining better insight into the given construction pair. It also
aims to test the hypothesis that the obtained quantitative data from such corpora can at least partially be accounted for by the
interplay of: (1) the differences in the semantics of the two construction variants (based on combining relevant
cognitive-linguistic insights), (2) the differences in the lexical semantics of the main verbs, and (3) extra-linguistic factors
dealt with by models of cross-cultural communication styles. The paper thus argues for a tighter integration of
cognitive-linguistic insights and a social-interactional perspective on language phenomena.
Parts of speech membership as a factor of meaning extension and level of abstraction
Authors: Kanasugi Petra
Published: July 2021

Czech and Japanese show formal differences in adnominal modification. Czech tends to utilize adjectives for both
classification and qualification purposes whereas Japanese tends to express classification by compounding and to use a whole range
of parts of speech for qualification. As a result, part of speech membership often differs between the Czech and Japanese
rendering of the same referential content. It has been shown that parts of speech dispose of schematic meaning which contributes
to conceptualization. Based on the results of corpus analysis, I argue that the difference in part of speech membership results
in different tendencies in meaning extension and ultimately in different meaning of the two counterparts, Czech adjectives are
more abstract and schematic, while Japanese verbs are more concrete.
English Medium Instruction and the potential of translanguaging practices in higher education
Authors: Dillon Anna , Chell Geraldine , Moussa-Inaty Jase , Gallagher Kay , Grey Ian
Published: July 2021

In the UAE, although Arabic is the first and official language (L1), English has become the medium of instruction and the language of discourse in higher education in most subject domains. The pedagogical implications of English Medium Instruction (EMI) in the specific context of higher education in the UAE are not well understood, and research is needed to establish what kinds of support speakers of English as a second or additional language (L2) might need to fully access content knowledge in English without burdening learning. Our empirical work hypothesizes that learning content through L2 may lead to more favourable results if the L1 is explicitly drawn upon as a resource in addition to the L2. This study provided undergraduate students with learning materials in three experimental conditions (Arabic-only, English-only, and dual language). Students’ performance was then assessed in three areas of linguistic competence, namely translation into Arabic of a list of English words and phrases, comprehension of an English written text, and translation into Arabic of English words and phrases in context. A series of one way ANOVAs and post-hoc comparisons were carried out to determine differences between the three conditions. The study confirms that overall, for students with an intermediate language level, the presentation of dual language reading materials has a greater impact on their outcomes in comparison with the presentation of reading materials in the L1 or L2 only. This highlights the critical need for raising awareness of translanguaging practices in EMI contexts.
An Inter-Laboratory Study of DNA-Based Identity, Parentage and Species Testing in Animal Forensic Genetics
Authors: Kanthaswamy Sreetharan , Brendel Torsten , Cancela Luis , Andrade de Oliveira Denise A. , Brenig Bertram , Cons Carmen , Crespi Julian A. , Dajbychová Markéta , Feldl Andreas , Itoh Tomohito , Landi Vincenzo , Martinez Amparo , Natonek-Wisniewska Malgorzata , Oldt Robert F. , Radko Anna , Ramírez Oscar , Rodellar Clementina , Ruiz-Girón Manuel , Schikorski David , Turba María Elena , Giovambatista Guillermo
Published: July 2021

The probative value of animal forensic genetic evidence relies on laboratory accuracy and reliability. Inter-laboratory comparisons allow laboratories to evaluate their performance on specific tests and analyses and to continue to monitor their output. The International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) administered animal forensic comparison tests (AFCTs) in 2016 and 2018 to assess the limitations and capabilities of laboratories offering forensic identification, parentage and species determination services. The AFCTs revealed that analyses of low DNA template concentrations (≤300 pg/µL) constitute a significant challenge that has prevented many laboratories from reporting correct identification and parentage results. Moreover, a lack of familiarity with species testing protocols, interpretation guidelines and representative databases prevented over a quarter of the participating laboratories from submitting correct species determination results. Several laboratories showed improvement in their genotyping accuracy over time. However, the use of forensically validated standards, such as a standard forensic short tandem repeat (STR) kit, preferably with an allelic ladder, and stricter guidelines for STR typing, may have prevented some common issues from occurring, such as genotyping inaccuracies, missing data, elevated stutter products and loading errors. The AFCTs underscore the importance of conducting routine forensic comparison tests to allow laboratories to compare results from each other. Laboratories should keep improving their scientific and technical capabilities and continuously evaluate their personnel’s proficiency in critical techniques such as low copy number (LCN) analysis and species testing. Although this is the first time that the ISAG has conducted comparison tests for forensic testing, findings from these AFCTs may serve as the foundation for continuous improvements of the overall quality of animal forensic genetic testing. Key PointsComparison tests allow laboratories to evaluate their analyses for accuracy and reliability.Two forensic identification, parentage and species determination comparison tests were performed.The study showed that the LCN DNA analysis represented a significant challenge to most laboratories.Lacking familiarity with species tests curbed most laboratories from reporting accurately.A reliance on forensically validated testing standards may have prevented some of the common errors.
Superradiance in string theory
Authors: Mehta Viraf M. , Demirtas Mehmet , Long Cody , Marsh David J.E. , McAllister Liam , Stott Matthew J.
Published: July 2021

We perform an extensive analysis of the statistics of axion masses and interactions in compactifications of type IIB string theory, and we show that black hole superradiance excludes some regions of Calabi-Yau moduli space. Regardless of the cosmological model, a theory with an axion whose mass falls in a superradiant band can be probed by the measured properties of astrophysical black holes, unless the axion self-interaction is large enough to disrupt formation of a condensate. We study a large ensemble of compactifications on Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces, with 1 ≤ h
1,1 ≤ 491 closed string axions, and determine whether the superradiance conditions on the masses and self-interactions are fulfilled. The axion mass spectrum is largely determined by the Kähler parameters, for mild assumptions about the contributing instantons, and takes a nearly-universal form when h
1,1 ≫ 1. When the Kähler moduli are taken at the tip of the stretched Kähler cone, the fraction of geometries excluded initially grows with h
1,1, to a maximum of ≈ 0.5 at h
1,1 ≈ 160, and then falls for larger h
1,1. Further inside the Kähler cone, the superradiance constraints are far weaker, but for h
1,1 ≫ 100 the decay constants are so small that these geometries may be in tension with astrophysical bounds, depending on the realization of the Standard Model.
Influence of seedlings height and planting media on Eha growth (Castanopsis buruana Miq.) from the extract of natural saplings
Authors: Basrudin  , Husna  , Tuheteru F D , Arif A , Albasri  , Mansur I , Krisdianto
Published: July 2021

Eha is one of the important plants in Indonesia’s tropical forests that has important ecological and economic value. During this time Eha is cultivated generatively through seeds, but because of the often constrained seasons and availability of seeds, therefore, we need an alternative cultivation technology with vegetative propagation. This study aims to examine the influence of seedlings height and planting media on the growth of Eha from the extraction of natural saplings. This study was compiled based on a Complete Randomized Design of factorial patterns consisting of two factors. The first factor is the height of seedlings consisting of 3 levels of treatment, namely height 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm). The second factor is the type of media consisting of 3 levels of treatment, namely soil, 1:1 sand soil and 1:1:1:1 husk charcoal sand soil. The results show that a seedling height of 20 cm can increase the percentage of life, the percentage of buds and the number of leaves of Eha from the extract of natural saplings. The composition of the best planting medium is a mixture of soil and sand (1:1) because it tends to give the best results against the percentage of sprouts and the percentage of life Eha from the extraction of natural saplings.
Safety Assessment of Electromagnetic Exposure of Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Track
Authors: Lieli Guang , Pingli Jin
Published: July 2021

At present, there are few researches on the electromagnetic exposure of superconducting maglev train to passengers. In order to supplement these deficiencies, the finite element simulation software COMSOL is used to model the Halbach track and the superconducting maglev train and guide rail of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The simulation results show that the train can get off the train when it is stationary on the straight track Electromagnetic exposure of customers. The results show that: when the train is stationary and the suspension height is 5 mm, the maximum values of magnetic flux density in the body of the three passengers are 527μT, 240μT and 77.7μT respectively, and the farther the passenger is from the guide rail, the magnetic flux density in the body tends to decrease. These values are lower than the public electromagnetic exposure limit recommended by ICNIRP, which indicates that the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnetic levitation permanent magnet track will not pose a health risk to the passengers in the vehicle.
Optimal Design of Impulse Turbine Prototype of Oscillating Water Column Type Wave Energy Power Generation Device
Authors: Wu Zhiqian , Li Zhenxi , Mi Xin
Published: July 2021

The Oscillating Water Column Type is currently the most widely used wave energy generation device. The impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes has the advantages of high peak efficiency and excellent aerodynamic performance. Using three-dimensional numerical simulation methods to analyze the impulse turbine, construct and optimize the design of the turbine prototype, and provide suggestions for the subsequent innovation and improvement of the performance and structure of the impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes.
Cost-benefit analysis of the implementation of off-grid photovoltaic systems in the Northwest residential sector of San Pedro Sula, Honduras
Authors: Tinoco S , Reyes Duke A M
Published: July 2021

This research analyzed the implementation, from a technical and financial point of view, of off-grid solar photovoltaic systems in the Northwest sector of San Pedro Sula, Honduras. The energy demand of the residential sector was studied, the monthly energy consumption data of 17 neighborhoods in the sector were processed and three main monthly energy consumption levels were determined. The sizing of the systems was carried out considering PV arrays connected to hybrid inverters. In addition, the nominal capacity of the battery banks of the three systems was defined based on 1 day of autonomy and a nominal voltage of the installation of 48V. PVsyst was used to approximate the energy that the photovoltaic array will potentially generate, and the specific yield value was used to project the energy to be generated throughout the life of the project. Homer Pro was used to determine the optimal configuration to find the lowest net present costs for each project. The financial analysis determined that the cost-benefit ratio is greater than 1 for systems with nominal DC capacity greater than 15.8kWp.
Adaptive Thermal Comfort and Energy Saving Potential in Naturally Ventilated School Building in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Mishan , Rijal H.B.
Published: July 2021

The energy use in schools relates to various factors such as local climate, architectural design, thermal comfort, and so on. The present study explores the thermal comfort of students in higher secondary schools in the temperate climatic region of Nepal during the summer of 2019. Altogether 246 students aged 12-18 years have participated in the survey. The indoor and outdoor temperature were measured together with the thermal comfort survey during the regular lesson. The students voted three times during the regular lesson: morning, midday, and afternoon. A literature review was conducted on energy use in schools in various countries. The comfort temperature in the afternoon was significantly higher than in the morning or in the midday. The comfort temperature is related to the air movement and operative temperature. The strategies such as insulation, shading, and ventilation are helpful to maintain indoor temperature which contributes to the energy saving in building. The Nepalese school students are adapting in the thermal environment of classrooms without energy use.
The development of green building technology
Authors: Wei Yiyang
Published: July 2021

Green building has become a trend of sustainable building development in the 21st century. An important indicator to measure the development of society is the buildings index. Global requirements for buildings are also gradually improving, and the construction industry accounts for one third of the total world consumption. It is necessary to re-examine the consumption mode and ecological significance of the construction industry in the process of construction and use and abandon the traditional construction technology mode with high pollution and energy consumption. It is necessary to develop green building technology. It refers to a building technology model that has no harm to the environment which can fully utilize the environment and resources and does not destroy the basic ecological balance. In the new century, Chinese buildings should no longer follow the old development pattern of high pollution and high energy consumption. It is the only way for Chinese buildings to develop by studying green building technology and building green buildings.
Analysis of the innovative development of circumpolar countries in the context of the fourth industrial revolution
Authors: Krasulina O Y , Rossokhin V V , Anosova N E , Khazov V K
Published: July 2021

Industry 4.0 is a new paradigm in the manufacturing world. It has radically changed the way people and machines interact. Main features of Fourth Industrial Revolution are the following: technological transformation, artificial intelligence and digitalization. The variability in innovation performance in circumpolar countries has led to the development of many theoretical concepts. These concepts include the role of public policy, research and development, foreign direct investment, human capital and financial development in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This study examines the macroeconomic performance of circumpolar countries in terms of technological innovation from 2012 to 2017. The results show that globalization, R&D, GDP, financial development and human capital are important factors behind technological innovation. The article provides a detailed analysis of Industry 4.0 technologies in circumpolar countries. The authors believe that it is important to compare the statistics in circumpolar countries with the general statistics of the countries – members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), in the framework of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
The image of the Russian Arctic through strategic projects and international events
Authors: Safonova M , Spiridonov A A , Kulik S V , Smirnova O A , Soshneva E B
Published: July 2021

The article looks into the process of shaping of the Arctic region’s image as part of the policy of modern Russia from the perspective of strategic development projects and international meetings: major international forums, conferences as part of international cooperation. Special attention is being given to the economic activity of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. While conducting research the author came to the key conclusion that the ongoing strategic development projects and international events are able to influence and form the unique image of the Arctic region and also that there is more than just one image being formed in the politics of modern Russia. The first one (internal) is formed to involve human capacity that can ensure the development of extracting, trade and military infrastructure. The second (external) is based on social sphere and sustainable development of the region which is not being a first priority in the Russian Federation’s policy.
Alterations of the heaviest ice conditions along Sabetta-Bering Strait route
Authors: Tretyakov V Yu , Fediakov V E , Frolov S V
Published: July 2021

AARI has unique archive of ice charts, which were made by recognition of satellite images, their composition and vectorization. The paper is considered methodology and preliminary results of computer processing of vector ice charts from the archive. The archive covers the period since 1997. The charts handling is processed in ArcGIS. The article presents some results of ice navigation conditions analysis within the standard route “Sabetta Port – the Bering Strait” for April and May, that is temporal interval of the heaviest conditions of ice navigation. There have been calculated conditional length of various ice age/age and form gradations for the route as a whole. For a homogeneous ice zone of the route the conditional length of an ice age gradation means result of multiplication of the gradation partial ice concentration at the zone length. The values were calculated for various ice forms (floe dimensions) of the ice age categories. The research revealed essential enhancement of the ice navigation conditions for the period 1998-2020. Nevertheless even complete disappearance of the old ice from the route does not mean absence of nip danger.
The concept of “Smart City”: specific nature of innovative development of Russian Arctic cities
Authors: Detter Gennadij , Ljovkina Anastasia , Tukkel Iosif , Redko Sergey , Tsvetkova Nadezhda
Published: July 2021

Innovative development of Arctic regions has insignificant dynamics to withstand the emerging challenges and threats. The initial asymmetry of the economic development of Arctic regions stimulated scientific search and innovative orientation but later financial and economic crises and new development priorities reduced the innovation potential of this macro-region. The condition of the regional innovation system becomes critical for the development of the innovation activity in Arctic cities. The study reveals the current state of digital transformation of the Arctic cities of Yamalo-Nenets autonomous area. Digitalization of the economy, the implementation of the “Smart City” concept focused on socio-cultural interactions creates new opportunities for the innovative development of Arctic cities. The advantage of many arctic cities is the concentration of human potential, infrastructure, specific social and economic practices. It is assumed that Arctic cities may face non-systemic and ineffective digital transformation, so the process should be accompanied by the development of local innovation systems. The concept of “smart people - smart city - sustainable region” is proposed, which implies prior development of the socio-cultural and intellectual potential providing the ability of arctic people to meet the current challenges and ensure a decent future for themselves.
Prospects of Russian-Korean High-Tech Cooperation in the Arctic: New Challenges in Light of Sanctions and COVID-19
Authors: Mikheeva N. M. , Didenko D.U. , Aladyshkin I V
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea in the Arctic in the face of a pandemic Covid-19 and new sanctions imposed by Western countries on Russia. In the conditions of economic slowdown, it is cooperation in high-tech industries - shipbuilding, logistics projects - has become a priority for Russian-Korean cooperation in the Arctic The authors compare the priorities of the participation of South Korean companies in the modernization of the Northern Sea Route, in the development of cooperation in shipbuilding, joint transport and logistics projects with Russia’s interests in Arctic. In the context of the pandemic, the introduction of sanitary and restrictive measures, remote staff mode, the ban on the entry of foreign specialists caused a decrease in the volume of shipping in the whole world and between Russia and the Republic of Korea. In the new conditions, business activity, mobility of investors, representatives of medium and small businesses participating in Arctic cooperation decreased. This is evident in the analysis of economic indicators. Despite the obvious negative trends, countries have managed to maintain all areas of interaction. The authors note the consistent implementation of previous agreements on major shipbuilding projects, the preservation of dialogue mechanisms to discuss transport and logistics projects in the region, taking into account the interests of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea.
Technological Revolution 4.0 for the Arctic
Authors: Vasileva Zh , Vasekha M , Anikeeva N , Alloyarov K , Mokhorov D
Published: July 2021

The article presents the author’s opinion on the development of Arctic territories in the circumstances of the 4th industrial revolution. The main tools of the new technological structure being introduced in the northern territories are reviewed. The leading role of oil and gas companies in the promotion of technologies and tools of the new industrial paradigm in a number of Arctic regions of the Russian Federation is remarked. The inevitability of changing the Arctic development perception from an ecological catastrophe to the careful and sustainable development of Arctic spaces using the modern achievements of the Technological Revolution 4.0 is indicated.
Thermal induced residual stress and microstructural constituents of dissimilar S690QT high-strength steels and 316L austenitic stainless steel weld joints
Authors: Njock Bayock Francois , Kah Paul , Kibong Marius , Timba Sadrack
Published: July 2021

The effect of thermal cycle on the residual stress, microstructural constituents, and alloying elements composition of dissimilar S690QT and 316L austenite stainless steel was studied. Finite element model (FEM) using ANSYS 19.1 software and an experimental investigation using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process with fully austenite filler wire were applied to developed thermal cycle and evaluate residual stress in the heat-affected zone of both materials. The experimental data were recorded using a thermal-cycle sensor (TCS) and x-ray diffraction technique. A microstructural investigation was done using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The thermal cycle showed the maximum temperature (T
max) in the HAZ of 316L side (850 °C) at a distance of 7 mm away from the centreline of the weld compare to S690QT side. The magnitude of tensile residual stresses in the 316L side decreased as welding heat input increased. The maximum residual stresses were observed on the S690QT side (700 MPa). Microstructural investigations revealed the formation of Bainite, and some retained of austenite at the temperature of 800 °C in the coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of S690QT. On 316L side, some grain boundary austenite (GBA), intragranular austenite (IGA), and carbides were observed in the CGHAZ. Compared to the initial microstructure of both materials, a slightly increase of Mn, Cr, and Si were observed at the respective values of 1.90%, 1.25%, and 0.40% on the S690QT side compared to the BM. For 316L side, it indicated an increase of Cr (26%), Mo (5.69%), and Ni (17%) in the alloying element composition compared to the BM. Applying 10 kJ cm−1 of heat input produced an excellent mechanical property and reduced the formation of carbide, inter-granular corrosion in the microstructure of 316L side.
Fitting the solutions to the problems in managing extreme wildfire in California
Authors: Schwartz Mark W , Syphard Alexandra D
Published: July 2021

Agencies are busy within California developing prioritization strategies to increase the pace and scale of forest treatment in an effort to reduce damage to ecosystems and people by large severe wildfire. A tacit assumption of this effort is that building forest resilience to wildfire will resolve California’s extreme wildfire challenge. Specifically, the management focus is on coniferous forests where there is abundant evidence of increased tree density and a history of timber production. However, much of the state is covered by non-forested ecosystems, which is also where a lot of structure loss has occurred. We use more than twenty years of wildfire data in California to identify the relative proportion of wildfire area, ignitions and the number of structures destroyed by wildfire categorized by vegetation type. Using five general categories of vegetation (annual dominated, shrubland, woodland, mixed hardwood forest and coniferous forest) we show that a majority of area burned, ignitions and the vast majority of structures damaged by wildfire occur in vegetation types other than coniferous forests. Comprising 19% of the vegetation of California, coniferous forests garner the lion’s share of interest in management strategies to reduce the adverse impacts of wildfire. Simply summary statistics clearly show, however, that most of the damage from fire is in systems where forest management is not likely to result in increased wildfire resilience.
Cancer subtype identification by consensus guided graph autoencoders
Authors: Liang Cheng , Shang Mingchao , Luo Jiawei
Published: July 2021

Motivation

Cancer subtype identification aims to divide cancer patients into subgroups with distinct clinical phenotypes and facilitate the development for subgroup specific therapies. The massive amount of multi-omics datasets accumulated in the public databases have provided unprecedented opportunities to fulfill this task. As a result, great computational efforts have been made to accurately identify cancer subtypes via integrative analysis of these multi-omics datasets.

Results

In this article, we propose a Consensus Guided Graph Autoencoder (CGGA) to effectively identify cancer subtypes. First, we learn for each omic a new feature matrix by using graph autoencoders, where both structure information and node features can be effectively incorporated during the learning process. Second, we learn a set of omic-specific similarity matrices together with a consensus matrix based on the features obtained in the first step. The learned omic-specific similarity matrices are then fed back to the graph autoencoders to guide the feature learning. By iterating the two steps above, our method obtains a final consensus similarity matrix for cancer subtyping. To comprehensively evaluate the prediction performance of our method, we compare CGGA with several approaches ranging from general-purpose multi-view clustering algorithms to multi-omics-specific integrative methods. The experimental results on both generic datasets and cancer datasets confirm the superiority of our method. Moreover, we validate the effectiveness of our method in leveraging multi-omics datasets to identify cancer subtypes. In addition, we investigate the clinical implications of the obtained clusters for glioblastoma and provide new insights into the treatment for patients with different subtypes.

Availabilityand implementation

The source code of our method is freely available at https://github.com/alcs417/CGGA.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Organism-specific training improves performance of linear B-cell epitope prediction
Authors: Ashford Jodie , Reis-Cunha João , Lobo Igor , Lobo Francisco , Campelo Felipe
Published: July 2021

Motivation

In silico identification of linear B-cell epitopes represents an important step in the development of diagnostic tests and vaccine candidates, by providing potential high-probability targets for experimental investigation. Current predictive tools were developed under a generalist approach, training models with heterogeneous datasets to develop predictors that can be deployed for a wide variety of pathogens. However, continuous advances in processing power and the increasing amount of epitope data for a broad range of pathogens indicate that training organism or taxon-specific models may become a feasible alternative, with unexplored potential gains in predictive performance.

Results

This article shows how organism-specific training of epitope prediction models can yield substantial performance gains across several quality metrics when compared to models trained with heterogeneous and hybrid data, and with a variety of widely used predictors from the literature. These results suggest a promising alternative for the development of custom-tailored predictive models with high predictive power, which can be easily implemented and deployed for the investigation of specific pathogens.

Availability and implementation

The data underlying this article, as well as the full reproducibility scripts, are available at https://github.com/fcampelo/OrgSpec-paper. The R package that implements the organism-specific pipeline functions is available at https://github.com/fcampelo/epitopes.

Supplementary information

Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
Problematising Artificial Intelligence in Social Work Education: Challenges, Issues and Possibilities
Authors: Hodgson David , Goldingay Sophie , Boddy Jennifer , Nipperess Sharlene , Watts Lynelle
Published: July 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the fourth industrial revolution, and in higher education it will fundamentally transform the work of academics and higher education administrators. AI will also have several implications for students, including a reconsideration of what sorts of skills and knowledge should be taught and developed in the academy to prepare students for digital working lives. As social work educators, we have begun to wonder what the implications of AI in the academy will have for social work education. For educators, there are implications for pedagogy that go well beyond the introduction of new digital tools that merely integrate into existing teaching models and practices. This is because AI will not simply add to existing teaching modes and practices, but will fundamentally transform teaching and learning. Drawing on recent literature and research into in AI and higher education, this article explores possible future implications for social work education. We identify the transformative and disruptive potential of AI in higher education, and consider how this intersects with the ethical and relational side of social work as a profession. Implications for social work education are canvassed
HPLC-UV and TLC-Densitometry Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir: Application to Darvoni® Tablet
Authors: Fayed Ahmed S , Hegazy Maha A , Kamel Ebraam B , Eissa Maya S
Published: July 2021

Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir are co-formulated as directly acting antiviral agents used for treatment of hepatitis C virus. Two chromatographic methods were developed for their determination; the first one is an Reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method, in which the separation was performed on C8 Zorbax® SB column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) using acetonitrile:water:0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH = 8 (50:45:5, v/v/v) as a mobile phase, and ultraviolet detection was performed at 280 nm. Good resolution was obtained, and linearity was confirmed in the range of 10–100 μg/mL for both drugs. The second method is Thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometric one, in which sofosbuvir and daclatasvir were separated on silica gel plates using ethyl acetate:hexane:methanol (9:0.5:0.5, v/v/v) as a developing system and the scanning wavelength was 280 nm. Linearity was confirmed over a concentration range of 0.4–25.4 μg/band for sofosbuvir, whereas for daclatasvir linearity scanning was in the range of 0.4–12.8 μg/band. Both antiviral agents can be quantified simultaneously in one analytical run, which is a great time- and cost-saving valor of the developed methods. This valor is even more important in the case of the combined dosage form (Darvoni® tablets) to the pharmaceutical market.
Acute coronary syndrome is associated with a substantial change in the platelet lipidome
Authors: Harm Tobias , Bild Alexander , Dittrich Kristina , Goldschmied Andreas , Nestele Jeremy , Chatterjee Madhumita , Fu Xiaoqing , Kolb Kyra , Castor Tatsiana , Borst Oliver , Geisler Tobias , Rath Dominik , LäMmerhofer Michael , Gawaz Meinrad
Published: July 2021

Aims

Platelets play a key role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) and patients with enhanced platelet activation are at increased risk to develop adverse cardiovascular events. Beyond reliable cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipoproteinaemia, significant changes of platelet lipids occur in patients with CAD. In this study, we investigate the platelet lipidome by untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, highlighting significant changes between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients. Additionally, we classify the platelet lipidome, spotlighting specific glycerophospholipids as key players in ACS patients. Furthermore, we examine the impact of significantly altered lipids in ACS on platelet-dependent thrombus formation and aggregation.

Methods and results

In this consecutive study, we characterized the platelet lipidome in a CAD cohort (n = 139) and showed significant changes of lipids between patients with ACS and CCS. We found that among 928 lipids, 7 platelet glycerophospholipids were significantly up-regulated in ACS, whereas 25 lipids were down-regulated compared to CCS. The most prominent up-regulated lipid in ACS, PC18:0 (PC 10:0-8:0), promoted platelet activation and ex vivo platelet-dependent thrombus formation.

Conclusions

Our results reveal that the platelet lipidome is altered in ACS and up-regulated lipids embody primarily glycerophospholipids. Alterations of the platelet lipidome, especially of medium chain lipids, may play a role in the pathophysiology of ACS.
Who Sells During a Crash? Evidence from Tax Return Data on Daily Sales of Stock
Authors: Hoopes Jeffrey L , Langetieg Patrick , Nagel Stefan , Reck Daniel , Slemrod Joel , Stuart Bryan A
Published: July 2021

Using United States tax return data containing the universe of individual taxable stock sales from 2008 to 2009, we examine which individuals increased their sale of stocks following episodes of market tumult. We find that the increase was disproportionately concentrated among investors in the top 1% and top 0.1% of the overall income distribution, retired individuals and individuals at the very top of the dividend income distribution. Our estimates suggest that, following the day when Lehman Brothers collapsed, taxpayers in the top 0.1% sold $1.7 billion more in stocks than individuals in the bottom 75%. This difference is equal to 89% of average daily sales by taxpayers in the top 0.1%.
The role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in predicting mortality and morbidity in people with congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wadey Curtis A , Weston Max E , Dorobantu Dan Mihai , Pieles Guido E , Stuart Graham , Barker Alan R , Taylor Rod S , Williams Craig A
Published: July 2021

Aims

The role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in people with congenital heart disease (ConHD) is unknown. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to report the associations between CPET parameters and MACE in people with ConHD.

Methods and results

Electronic databases were systematically searched on 30 April 2020 for eligible publications. Two authors independently screened publications for inclusion, extracted study data, and performed risk of bias assessment. Primary meta-analysis pooled univariate hazard ratios across studies. A total of 34 studies (18 335 participants; 26.2 ± 10.1 years; 54% ± 16% male) were pooled into a meta-analysis. More than 20 different CPET prognostic factors were reported across 6 ConHD types. Of the 34 studies included in the meta-analysis, 10 (29%), 23 (68%), and 1 (3%) were judged as a low, medium, and high risk of bias, respectively. Primary univariate meta-analysis showed consistent evidence that improved peak and submaximal CPET measures are associated with a reduce risk of MACE. This association was supported by a secondary meta-analysis of multivariate estimates and individual studies that could not be numerically pooled.

Conclusion

Various maximal and submaximal CPET measures are prognostic of MACE across a variety of ConHD diagnoses. Further well-conducted prospective multicentre cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Development of predictive models for egg freshness and shelf-life under different storage temperatures
Authors: Quan Chunli , Xi Qian , Shi Xueping , Han Rongwei , Du Qijing , Forghani Fereidoun , Xue Chuanyun , Zhang Jiacheng , Wang Jun
Published: July 2021

The objective of the present study was to develop models for egg freshness and shelf-life predictions for the selected evaluation indicators including egg weight, Haugh unit (HU), and albumen height. Experiments were carried out at different storage temperatures for a total period of 29–32 days. All data were collected and fitted in to Arrhenius equation for egg freshness, while the HU data were applied to a probability model for shelf-life prediction. The results showed that egg weight, albumen height, and HU decreased significantly, while albumen pH increased with the extension of storage time. The higher the storage temperature, the faster the egg quality decreased. In addition, the bias factor, accuracy factor, and the standard error of prediction were selected to verify the developed quality models. Maximum rescaled R-square statistic, the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic, and the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the developed probability model for the shelf-life of eggs, which indicated that the presented predictive models can be used to assess egg freshness and predict shelf-life during different storage temperatures.
Health promotion in secondary schools: participatory process for constructing a self-assessment tool
Authors: Serdà Bernat-Carles , Planas-Lladó Anna , delValle Arantza , Soler-Masó Pere
Published: July 2021

This article presents the process of constructing an effective self-assessment tool for monitoring health promotion in secondary schools (SS). The ultimate aim is to improve adolescents’ well-being and quality of life in their reference environment. The design and validation of the instrument were based on participatory action research (involving students, professors, parents, health professionals, youth workers, youth directors, youth managers). A mixed quantitative and qualitative approach was adopted. The construction process included the following five consecutive stages: (i) steering-group creation and definition of objectives; (ii) diagnosing students’ health and well-being in SS (case study); (iii) initial design and construction of health promotion indicators; (iv) validation based on expert judgement and (v) validation by means of a pilot test. The final construction of the self-assessment tool included 5 areas (healthy habits, affectivity and socialization, emotional well-being, safety and risks, and specific health situations), 9 objectives and 18 indicators deployed through a rubric. Each indicator is discussed in depth, specifying the most appropriate resources and health promotion activities for its application. The final self-assessment tool is designed to be sensitive to and effective for self-assessment of health promotion in SS. It contributes to improving adolescent health on an individual basis and also has an impact on the school environment. Finally, it also promotes analysis of the health content on the curriculum and the teaching-learning method(s) employed at the school. The self-assessment tool has been published open access and its implementation will continue to increase health promotion in SS in Catalonia.
Onshore biological sampling of landings by species and size category within auction sites can be more efficient than trip-based concurrent sampling
Authors: Azevedo Manuela , Silva Cristina , Vølstad Jon Helge
Published: July 2021

Since 1996, the European Union has required that fishery products of 35 fish species or groups of species, including crustaceans and cephalopods, be graded before being landed on the basis of commercial size-categories. A multi-stage sampling scheme to estimate catch-at-length and catch-at-age compositions of total annual landings has been conducted in Portuguese waters since 2009. All species and their size-categories are sampled concurrently from random trips within representatively selected site-days annually. In an effort to improve cost-efficiency of the biological catch sampling of commercial landings in Portugal, a size- category sampling scheme was tested during 2017, taking advantage of the stratification of horse mackerel landings, induced by the mandatory grading of landings by size-category. The total number of site-days (primary sampling units), fish boxes sampled, and specimens of horse mackerel sampled for length and age across strata during the pilot study were 30%, 57%, and 12% of the sampling carried out under the standard concurrent scheme, respectively. The assignment of horse mackerel length to the six commercial size-categories was highly consistent across site-days. Our study shows that the concurrent sampling, where trips are subsampled within site-days, could miss some size-categories by chance, resulting in poor estimates of catch-at-length especially for small fish present at the market during a site-day. The size-category sampling scheme ensured subsamples of fish from all size-categories within a site-day, and achieved data on catch-at-age that are fit-for purpose at 24% of the total cost for the standard concurrent sampling. The effect of sampling designs and sample sizes on horse mackerel stock assessment outputs showed that the onshore biological sampling to estimate catch-at-age compositions for stock assessment is optimized with the size-category sampling scheme. Pilot field experiments should be carried out for selected species that evidence consistent size grading among commercial categories.