bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cobalt ferrite nanoparticle intercalated carbon nanotubes for a nanomagnetic ultrasensitive sensor of Cr-VI in water
Authors: Mekuria Tassew , Khalid Syed , Krycka Kathryn , Bleuel Markus , Verma Himanshu , Hong Haiping , Karna Shashi P. , Seifu Dereje
Published: June 2020

Nanocomposites of cobalt ferrite (CFO) magnetic nanoparticle intercalated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are evaluated as a nanomagnetic ultrasensitive sensor for an environmental toxin, hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI). Specifically, the structural and magnetic changes that accompany the infiltration of the CFO/CNT composite by Cr-VI are presented. The extended x-ray absorption fine structure shows that the atomic spacing within the CFO structure changes in the presence of Cr, suggesting that the Cr is incorporated into the nanoparticles. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) reveals that the CFO/CNT composite infiltrated with Cr-VI has a 71% enhancement in saturation magnetization compared with the uninfiltrated CFO/CNTs, while small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) suggests that this magnetic enhancement is not associated with the nanoparticle length-scales, but may arise from longer-ranged clusters. Both VSM and SANS clearly demonstrate that the Cr-doped CFO/CNTs are hysteretic with a net magnetization at remanence that is about 1/3 of saturation, while this hysteresis is absent in the undoped CFO/CNTs. These magnetic differences in either remanence or saturation are promising for the magnetic detection of Cr-VI using CFO/CNT sensors.
Electrically controlled rapid adiabatic passage in a single quantum dot
Authors: Mukherjee Amlan , Widhalm Alex , Siebert Dustin , Krehs Sebastian , Sharma Nandlal , Thiede Andreas , Reuter Dirk , Förstner Jens , Zrenner Artur
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate electrically controlled robust state preparation of an exciton qubit by rapid adiabatic passage with Fourier-limited laser pulses. In our approach, resonant ps laser pulses are applied to generate excitonic population in a quantum dot, whereas synchronously applied ps electric transients provide a controlled sweep of the exciton transition energy. The ps electric transients applied to the quantum dot in a diode structure result in ultrafast Stark shifts of the exciton energy on time scales below the decoherence time of the exciton. We experimentally demonstrate that the tailored electric chirp of the exciton energy leads to a controlled rapid adiabatic passage, which results in a robust state preparation of the exciton. Our experimental results are confirmed by a theoretical analysis of the chirped coherent manipulation of the exciton two level system. Our approach toward optoelectronic quantum control paves the way for broader applications that require a scalable control of functional coherent systems.
Magnetic Nanoparticle Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Catalyst for Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Naikwade Altafhusen , Jagadale Megha , Kale Dolly , Rashinkar Gajanan
Published: June 2020

A new magnetic nanoparticle supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalyst containing perruthenate anions was prepared by a multistep procedure. The various analytical techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis ascertained the successful formation of catalyst. The performance of a magnetically retrievable SILP catalyst was evaluated in the selective oxidation of alcohols. The split test and leaching studies of the SILP catalyst confirmed its heterogeneous nature. In addition, the reusability potential of SILP catalyst was also investigated which revealed its robust activity up to six consecutive cycles.
β-1,3-glucan effect on the photosynthetic apparatus and oxidative stress parameters of tomato leaves under fusarium wilt
Authors: Kabashnikova Liudmila , Abramchik Larisa , Domanskaya Irina , Savchenko Galina , Shpileuski Sviatoslav
Published: June 2020

The effect of β-1,3-glucan on the photosynthetic apparatus and oxidative stress parameters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Tamara) leaves under fusarium wilt caused artificially by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum sp. was studied in 2-month-old tomato plants. Infection of tomato plants with a pathogen causes activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes in leaves and significant changes in the photosynthetic apparatus, which is reflected in a decrease in the chlorophyll (Chl) a and Chl a/Chl b ratio and carotenoid content, disturbances in the absorption and utilisation of light energy in PSII. Pretreatment of plants with β-1,3-glucan contributes to the stabilisation of LPO and normalises the level of a photosynthetic pigments and a course of photochemical processes in the chloroplasts of infected leaves, which indicates the protective activity of a drug.
A multivariate method for matching soil classification systems, with an Australian example
Authors: Teng H. F. , Viscarra Rossel R. A. , Webster R.
Published: June 2020

Differences between local systems of soil classification hinder the communication between pedologists from different countries. The FAO–UNESCO Soil Map of the World, as a fruit of world-wide collaboration between innumerable soil scientists, is recognised internationally. Ideally, pedologists should be able to match whole classes in their local systems to those in an international soil classification system. The Australian Soil Classification (ASC) system, created specifically for Australian soil, is widely used in Australia, and Australian pedologists wish to translate the orders they recognise into the FAO soil units when writing for readers elsewhere. We explored the feasibility of matching soil orders in the ASC to units in the FAO legend using a multivariate analysis. Twenty soil properties, variates, of 4927 profiles were estimated from their visible–near infrared reflectance (vis–NIR) spectra. We arranged the profiles in a Euclidean 20-dimensional orthogonal vector space defined by standardised variates. Class centroids were computed in that space, and the Euclidean distances between the centroids of the ASC orders and units in the FAO scheme were also computed. The shortest distance between a centroid of any ASC order and one of units in the FAO classification was treated as a best match. With only one exception the best matches were those that an experienced pedologist might expect. Second and third nearest neighbours in the vector space provided additional insight. We conclude that vis–NIR spectra represent sufficiently well the essential characters of the soil and so spectra could form the basis for the development of a universal soil classification system. In our case, we could assign with confidence the orders of the ASC to the units of the FAO scheme. A similar approach could be applied to link other national classification systems to one or other international systems of soil classification.
Toward a science of delivering aid with dignity: Experimental evidence and local forecasts from Kenya
Authors: Thomas Catherine C. , Otis Nicholas G. , Abraham Justin R. , Markus Hazel Rose , Walton Gregory M.
Published: June 2020

Significance

A new era of international development aspires to increase the dignity and capabilities of people in poverty. Yet narratives accompanying aid often reinforce stigmatizing views of those in poverty as deficient in their circumstances or ability. We find that typical deficit-focused narratives risk undermining the very goals of aid—to empower recipients to pursue their goals and experience dignity rather than shame. In contrast, narratives crafted to counter stigma and leverage culturally resonant forms of agency enhance recipients’ beliefs in themselves and investment in their skills, without reducing donor support. As models of agency differ across sociocultural contexts, program designers need tools for identifying effective narratives. We present “local forecasting” as a particularly efficient methodology for this need.
Enantioselective terpolymerization of racemic and
meso
-epoxides with anhydrides for preparation of chiral polyesters
Authors: Li Jie , Liu Ye , Ren Wei-Min , Lu Xiao-Bing
Published: June 2020

Significance

The accurate control of macromolecular stereochemistry and sequences is a powerful strategy to manipulate polymer properties. The enantioselective terpolymerization of anhydrides with two kinds of substituted epoxides exhibiting different reactivities and stereogenic centers offers the accessibility to stereochemistry- and sequence-defined polymers. In this paper, we utilize the privileged chiral dinuclear Al(III) catalyst for the enantioselective terpolymerization of cyclic anhydrides, racemic epoxides, and
meso
-epoxides, to prepare optically active terpolyesters with gradient or random distributions. In particular, the crystallization behaviors of the resultant gradient terpolyesters vary continuously along the main chain, due to the decrement of one ester component and the increment of the other occurring sequentially from one chain end to the other.
How does the language acquisition period affect simultaneous interpreters’ language processing?
Authors: Han Seunghee
Published: June 2020

This study aims to identify the similarities and differences in cognitive-psychological semantic (Translation Equivalent) mapping employed by early, and late balanced bilinguals at the adult level. The subjects of lexical-semantic recognition tasks were limited to fourth-semester learners at graduate school of interpreting and translation to analyze the effect that the L2 acquisition period (or Age of Acquisition, AOA) and immersive education may have on cross-language processing among highly-proficient bilinguals. The experimental words were composed of non-cognate abstract words with two levels, and in four language directions (L1 > L1, L1 > L2, L2 > L1, L2 > L2) to compare monolingual, and bilingual priming effects. Early, and Late Balanced Bilingual groups (i.e., EBB and LBB) were comparable in many ways. However, mid balanced bilinguals who had exposure of more than six years after the critical period showed distinctive features. With a low lexical difficulty in the L1 to L2 direction, Mid Balanced Bilingual group (MBB) showed a similar tendency with EBB, while it was analogous to LBB when the lexical difficulty was high, and the language direction was from L2 to L1. Such results can be interpreted as evidence against the critical period hypothesis, indicating that language dominance may change due to the L2 acquisition period and immersive education. In contrast to their subjective perception, the mother tongue of all subject groups turned out to be Korean since all subjects, without exception, were faster in deciding words from English to Korean. The parental factor was limited to be all Koreans in order to control biological differences, from which the parental factor is reversely inferred most influential for early balanced bilinguals’ language dominance.
The effect of cognitive load on temporal and disfluency patterns of speech
Authors: Bóna Judit , Bakti Mária
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates how variation in the complexity of speech tasks is reflected in the temporal characteristics and disfluency patterns of speech. We examined temporal characteristics (speech rate, global articulation rate, ratio of pauses, frequency of pauses, and mean duration of pauses) and disfluency markers (overall frequency of disfluencies; frequency of filled pauses, filler words, whole-word repetitions, part-word repetitions, broken words, prolonged sounds, and revisions; frequency of disfluency clusters) in four speech production tasks (consecutive interpreting, sight translation, spontaneous speech and extemporaneous speech) with twelve speakers.

Our hypothesis, according to which the examined parameters will differ across the four tasks, was partly confirmed by the data; even though not all speech tasks differed significantly in all the examined parameters, our investigation revealed that there were significant differences between some tasks in four parameters, and between others in nine out of the fourteen parameters examined. Our data also suggest that in terms of the temporal characteristics and disfluency markers examined, the four tasks can be represented on a continuum based on the cognitive load associated with each task. At one end of the continuum and generating the least cognitive load is spontaneous speech, and at the other, generating the most cognitive load, is sight translation.
The translaborative case for a translational hermeneutics
Authors: Alfer Alexa
Published: June 2020

This paper takes the notion of translaboration as a stepping stone for an exploration of some of the recent debates about translational hermeneutics. In doing so, it aims to expand translaboration’s focus beyond concrete collaborations between multiple translators, or authors and translators, and to think about, and theorise, translaboration as a possible means of framing textual agents reading and writing each other within texts. The argument presented draws on both Hans-Georg Gadamer’s and Paul Ricoeur’s conceptions of the individual subject as interpretative agent, and of translation as an object of philosophical enquiry, and adopts the concept of a “hermeneutics of decipherment” (Maitland 2017, 38) as an alternative to dialogic models of understanding and translating. Similarly, the relationship between philosophical and translational hermeneutics is interrogated and recast as a translaborative endeavour rather than as an immediately reciprocal dialogue. Translaboration, this paper argues, thus also actively furthers the move away from what Blumczynski (2016, 29) calls “an arborescent epistemological paradigm” of interdisciplinarity and contributes to animating a transdisciplinarity that is fundamentally “rhizomatic” (ibid.; seeDeleuze and Guattari 2004) in nature.
Evolution of amorphous structure under irradiation: zircon case study
Authors: Diver A , Dicks O , Elena A M , Todorov I T , Trachenko K
Published: June 2020

The nature of the amorphous state has been notably difficult to ascertain at the microscopic level. In addition to the fundamental importance of understanding the amorphous state, potential changes to amorphous structures as a result of radiation damage have direct implications for the pressing problem of nuclear waste encapsulation. Here, we develop new methods to identify and quantify the damage produced by high-energy collision cascades that are applicable to amorphous structures and perform large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy collision cascades in a model zircon system. We find that, whereas the averaged probes of order such as pair distribution function do not indicate structural changes, local coordination analysis shows that the amorphous structure substantially evolves due to radiation damage. Our analysis shows a correlation between the local structural changes and enthalpy. Important implications for the long-term storage of nuclear waste follow from our detection of significant local density inhomogeneities. Although we do not reach the point of convergence where the changes of the amorphous structure saturate, our results imply that the nature of this new converged amorphous state will be of substantial interest in future experimental and modeling work.
P-wave contributions to B(s)→ψKπ decays in perturbative QCD approach *
Authors: Li Ya , Rui Zhou , Xiao Zhen-Jun
Published: June 2020

We study the quasi-two-body decays

by employing the perturbative QCD (PQCD) factorization approach, where the charmonia

represents

and

. The corresponding decay channels are studied by constructing the kaon-pion distribution amplitude (DA)

, which comprises important final state interactions between the kaon and pion in the resonant region. Relativistic Breit-Wigner formulas are adopted to parameterize the time-like form factor

appearing in the kaon-pion DAs. The SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking effect resulting from the mass difference between the kaon and pion is taken into account, which makes significant contributions to the longitudinal polarizations. The observed branching ratios and the polarization fractions of

are accommodated by tuning hadronic parameters for the kaon-pion DAs. The PQCD predictions for

modes from the same set of parameters can be tested by precise data obtained in the future from LHCb and Belle II experiments.
Light scattering as a Poisson process and first-passage probability
Authors: Zeller Claude , Cordery Robert
Published: June 2020

A particle entering a scattering and absorbing medium executes a random walk through a sequence of scattering events. The particle ultimately either achieves first-passage, leaving the medium, or it is absorbed. The Kubelka–Munk model describes a flux of such particles moving perpendicular to the surface of a plane-parallel medium with a scattering rate and an absorption rate. The particle path alternates between the positive direction into the medium and the negative direction back towards the surface. Backscattering events from the positive to the negative direction occur at local maxima or peaks, while backscattering from the negative to the positive direction occur at local minima or valleys. The probability of a particle avoiding absorption as it follows its path decreases exponentially with the path-length λ. The reflectance of a semi-infinite slab is therefore the Laplace transform of the distribution of path-length that ends with a first-passage out of the medium. In the case of a constant scattering rate the random walk is a Poisson process. We verify our results with two iterative calculations, one using the properties of iterated convolution with a symmetric kernel and the other via direct calculation with an exponential step-length distribution. We present a novel demonstration, based on fluctuation theory of sums of random variables, that the first-passage probability as a function of the number of peaks n in the alternating path is a step-length distribution-free combinatoric expression involving Catalan numbers. Counting paths with backscattering on the real half-line results in the same Catalan number coefficients as Dyck paths on the whole numbers. Including a separate forward-scattering Poisson process results in a combinatoric expression related to counting Motzkin paths. We therefore connect walks on the real line to discrete path combinatorics.
Instability Criterion and Uncertainty Relation
Authors: Kamalov T F
Published: June 2020

The main idea of I. Newton in Principia is a description of the laws of motion in Inertial Reference Frames by a second-order differential equation. The variation of the action functional S of stability trajectories equals to zero. The observational error is including the influence of the random fields’ background to the particle. Are we must to use a high-order differential equation for the description in the random fields background? The highorder derivatives can be used as additional variables accounting for the influence of random field background. Trajectories due the influence of the random fields’ background can be called instability random trajectories. They can be described by high order derivatives. Then the stability classical trajectories must be complemented by additional instability random trajectories. Quantum objects are described by the trajectory with neighborhoods. Quantum Probability can describe quantum objects in random fields’. The variation of the action functional S is defined by the Planck constant. For the common description of quantum theory and high-order theory, let us compare r-neighborhoods of quantum action functional with r-neighborhoods of the action functional of a high-order theory.
Gravity: local or nonlocal
Authors: Rowlands P
Published: June 2020

While gravity is often imagined to have the characteristics of a local gauge theory, no such gauge theory has so far been constructed, with all attempts at quantum gravity leading to nonrenormalizable infinities. All known gauge theories, however, have both local and nonlocal aspects, and it is worth exploring how far we can describe gravity using a nonlocal starting point. It is suggested that this leads to a local theory which privileges inertia rather than gravity. Such a theory based on a repulsive force, would be renormalizable, and it would also have consequences that can be linked to cosmological redshift, dark energy and possibly also dark matter. It further suggests generic connections between gravity and inertia and between general relativity and Newtonian gravity.
Registration of gravitational waves emitted by periodic astrophysical sources: prospects for GW-astronomy and stellar navigation
Authors: Siparov S V
Published: June 2020

All the efforts to directly detect the gravitational waves (GW), including the recent successes of the LIGO and VIRGO teams, are focused on registering the catastrophic events in deep space. The two main features of this activity are the unpredictability of these events and the extreme sensitivity of the necessary equipment. The principally new method of the GW detection is based on the effect of optic-metrical parametric resonance (OMPR) and does not require catastrophic events and supersensitive equipment. The corresponding theory shows that the periodic GW, emitted by a short-period binary star, acts on a distant astrophysical maser and produces a specific signal that can be registered by a regular radio telescope. The main feature of such signal is the periodic change of the intensity of the only one detail in a maser’s spectrum. The observations of 49 such masers were performed with the RT-22 radio telescope at Pushchino Observatory of RAS. The program of signal processing included the identification of periodic components in a spectrum, the elimination of artifacts associated with the observation procedure, and the determination of the frequencies of periodic components. After that the corresponding binary stellar systems were identified. Thus, close binaries become a kind of GW-beacons in the Milky Way. This gives rise to the GW-astronomy, provides obvious applications for stellar navigation and gives a clue to the study of the geometric structure of our galaxy.
A Space-Frame Periodic Table Representation System Testing Relativity in Nucleosynthesis of the Elements
Authors: Trell E
Published: June 2020

The geometric Lie algebra SU(3) isotropic vector matrix realization of the periodic table reported at PIRT 2017 has now been broken up to a disjoint-set modular R3×SO(3) building kit, exactly sufficing to stage the Big Bang and ensuing nucleosynthesis events: First the ultrashort radiation/plasma inflation of the Big Bang phase transition moment with release of photons, neutrinos and module precursors, which in next seconds recombine to the Protium proton/electron compound and its neutron conversion to continue separately or in fusion of the two get on to Deuterium and from there to Tritium, Helium in isotope and α form, and traces of Lithium and possibly Beryllium. That is, literally the whole primordial start-gas delivered within a few minutes to billion-year wait for sufficiently energetic perturbations with itself for astrophysical/cosmogenic/experimental nucleosynthesis of the full periodic table and likewise replicable by systematic space-filling assembly/disassembly of the here disclosed neutrino and photon lattice vector, β particle, α wave-packet and neutron building bricks, providing clues also on isotope/neutron excess, shell/subshell, spectroscopy, and chemical bond structural make-up and disposition. Furthermore, the absolute trigonometric sharpness of the nucleosynthesis phase transition burst and expansion is reciprocal to the absolute speed of light and hence a specific test and verification of the relativity theory.
Evolution of Collisional Matter in Modified Teleparallel Theories
Authors: Zubair M , Zeeshan M
Published: June 2020

Here, we discuss the cosmic evolution in the presence of collisional matter (CM) with and without radiations within the framework of modified teleparallel theories. We opt f(T, B) theory (where T stands for torsion scalar and B represents the boundary term associated to the divergence of torsion 2∇
μ

Tμ
= B), which makes a good connection between f(R) (R for Ricci Scalar) and f(T) (T for torsion) theory under reasonable conditions. The power law and logarithmic f(T, B) models are selected to discuss the behavior of deceleration parameter q(z), Hubble parameter H(z), Equation of state (EoS) for dark energy (DE), and effective EoS. We found the great oscillations of EoS for DE across the phantom divide line. Effective EoS also crossed the phantom divide line without any oscillations. The graphs for H(z), q(z), effective EoS are alike for NCM with radiations, CM without radiaitons and CM with radiations.
Photons as solitons
Authors: Chernitskii A A
Published: June 2020

The field model of space-time film is considered. New class of exact solutions is discussed. These solutions are solitons moving with the speed of light or light-like solitons. Subclass of these solutions with approximate helical symmetry or having twist is considered. Determinate conformity of twisted light-like solitons and photons is shown. In particular, the obtained expression of the soliton energy coincides with the appropriate expression for photon in high-frequency approximation. Planck formula is obtained (in some approximation) for the equilibrium energy spectral density of the ideal gaze of the twisted solitons. An experimental check of the modified formula for the energy of photon (in low-frequency region) as the twisted light-like soliton is proposed.
Gravitational Radiation from Minihole Coalescence and Quadrupole Transitions of Hydrogen-Like Atoms
Authors: Fil’chenkov M L , Laptev Yu P
Published: June 2020

The minihole coalescences and quadrupole transitions of hydrogen atoms and hydrogen-like graviatoms are considered to be sources of the gravitational background radiation. The total energies of the gravitational radiation of these microsystems have been calculated. This gravitational background proves to be comparable with the observed gravitational radiation from the coalescence of stellar mass black holes.
The exact solutions in verified cosmological models based on generalized scalar-tensor gravity
Authors: Fomin I V , Chervon S V
Published: June 2020

We consider the cosmological models built on the basis of scalar-tensor gravity, in which the non-minimal coupling of a scalar field and the Ricci scalar leads to the evolution of the field, the deviation of its potential from the flat shape and the difference in the dynamics of the early universe from pure exponential expansion. It is shown that such models are in a good agreement with modern observational data. As an example of the application of the proposed approach, the exact solutions for the different models of cosmological inflation were obtained.
Dynamical symmetry breaking in Abelian geometrodynamics
Authors: Garat A
Published: June 2020

A new tetrad is introduced within the framework of geometrodynamics for non-null electromagnetic fields. This tetrad diagonalizes the Einstein-Maxwell stress-energy tensor, any stress-energy tensor in a local and covariant way, and allows for maximum simplification of the expression of the electromagnetic field, in any curved four-dimensional Lorentzian spacetime, allowing for the identification of its degrees of freedom in two local scalars. New isomorphisms are proved. A new internal-spacetime mapping is established using these new tetrads. It is possible to map the local group of electromagnetic gauge transformations into the transformation groups of tetrad vectors on two local orthogonal planes. The planes that diagonalize the stress-energy tensor. We will discuss through a first order perturbative formulation the local loss of symmetry when a source of electromagnetic and gravitational field interacts with an agent that perturbs the original geometry associated to the source. The loss of symmetry will be manifested by the tilting of these planes under the influence of an external agent. In this strict sense the original local symmetry will be lost, however a new symmetry will arise. The purpose of this report is to show that the geometrical manifestation of local gauge symmetries is dynamic.
Spacetime and inner space of spinors in the theory of superalgebraic spinors
Authors: Monakhov V V
Published: June 2020

We constructed gamma operators which are superalgebraic analogs of the Dirac gamma matrices as well as two additional gamma operators which have no analogs in the Dirac theory. We found a new mechanism of the left-right symmetry breaking which is absent in the usual theory of Dirac spinors. We constructed Lorentz invariant gamma operators from operators of creation and annihilation of spinors. These gamma operators are also analogs of the Dirac gamma matrices, however they are not related to Lorentz transformations but generate vector fields as affine spinor connections. We have shown that the theory is equivalent to an extended version of the Pati-Salam theory.
LCFT and Sine-Liouville theory
Authors: Shishanin A O
Published: June 2020

LCFT is special conformal field theory with logarithmic terms in operator product expansion OPE. It is well-known that it is possible to construct operators with logarithmical terms in OPE at Liouville model. Here we discuss this topic for some generalization of Liouville model, such as Sine-Liouville model.
Resolving cosmological singularity problem in logarithmic superfluid theory of physical vacuum
Authors: Zloshchastiev K G
Published: June 2020

A paradigm of the physical vacuum as a non-trivial quantum object, such as superfluid, opens an entirely new prospective upon origins and interpretations of Lorentz symmetry and spacetime, black holes, cosmological evolution and singularities. Using the logarithmic superfluid model, one can formulate a post-relativistic theory of superfluid vacuum, which is not only essentially quantum but also successfully recovers special and general relativity in the “phononic” (low-momenta) limit. Thus, it represents spacetime as an induced observer-dependent phenomenon. We focus on the cosmological aspects of the logarithmic superfluid vacuum theory and show how can the related singularity problem be resolved in this approach.
Relativistic generalization of the Hubble law
Authors: Antonyuk P N
Published: June 2020

A generalization of the Hubble law in the framework of the special theory of relativity received. The relativistic Doppler effect allows you to find a nonlinear relationship between redshift and distance.
Simulation of radiation generation in a multistage laser
Authors: Sharandin E A , Gladyshev V O
Published: June 2020

The mathematical model of a solid-state multi-stage laser is described. The model can be used to analyze the radiation generating process in the laser in the presence of interstage couplings, complex optimization and determining the require-ments for interstage cross-coupling nodes.
Provision of Indigofera zollingeriana and turmeric (Curcuma domestica) in quail rations on in vitro value of dry matter and protein digestibility
Authors: Suprapto D , Purwanti S , Agustina L
Published: June 2020

Animal husbandry development has an important role in the effort to meet the needs of animal protein in the community. Digestion of feed substances is one of the benchmarks in determining the quality of feed ingredients, in addition to their chemical composition. To study digestibility and fermentation in the digestive tract, a very successful and widely used method is the In-vitro technique. Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) is a plant that pledged as phytobiotic feed additive group at poultry. Indigofera zollingeriana is a legume plant that has the potential as a feed ingredient for protein sources with high protein content along with relatively low fibre content and a high digestibility rate. This plant is very good as a source of forage feed in poultry. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The composition of the research treatment was as follows: without TPDI and turmeric flour (P0), substituting 6% soybean meal protein with 10% TPDI and 2.5% turmeric flour (P1), substituting 9% soybean meal protein with 15% TPDI and 2, 5% turmeric flour (P2), 12% substitution of soybean meal protein with 20% TPDI and 2.5% turmeric flour (P3). Changes observed were dry matter digestibility and protein digestibility. The results showed that the substitution of soybean meal protein with Indigofera zollingeriana shoot flour at different levels and the addition of turmeric significantly affected dry matter digestibility and protein digestibility (p<0.05). The average digestibility of dry matter P1 gave a significantly lower difference with P2 and P3 (p<0.05) and in P3 protein digestibility the difference was significantly lower with P0 and P1 (p<0.05). This study concludes that the administration of Indigofera zollingeriana at the level of 10% and 2.5% turmeric was able to improve dry matter digestibility by 84.96% and protein digestibility by 35.99%.
Biostarter formulated from the rumen bacterial of buffalo effectively change the chemical composition of the rice straw
Authors: Natsir A , Syahrir S , Nadir M , Mujnisa A , Purnomo N
Published: June 2020

The use of such agricultural by-products as rice straw is important in fulfilling the needs of feed for ruminants, especially during the dry season. However, the main problem of using rice straw a feedstuff is low digestibility due to the existence of the links between lignin and cellulose or hemicellulose. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the application of biostarter (BS) developed from rumen bacterial of buffalo on the of the changes of the chemical composition of the rice straw under a different duration of fermentation time. The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement according to a completely randomized design. The first factor was different levels of BS application, i.e. rice straw without BS (a1), rice straw + 5% BS (a2), rice straw +10% BS (a3), and rice straw + 15% BS (a4). The second factor was the duration of the fermentation time, i.e., two weeks (b1) and four weeks (b2). Each treatment combination was repeated three times, giving the total number of the experimental unit was 24. The results of the study indicated that increased levels of BS had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the concentration of crude protein, crude fiber, ash, and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of the rice straw but no effects (P>0.05) on lipid content. The length of the fermentation period only affected (P<0.05) the crude fiber and crude protein content but no effects (P>0.05) on NFE, lipid, and ash. There was no interaction between levels of BS and the duration of the fermentation time on the chemical components of the rice straw. In conclusion, the use of BS was successfully changing the chemical composition of rice straw.
In vitro gas profile of dairy goat basal diet added with Coleus amboinicus lour extracted with different solvents
Authors: Afdal M , Darlis D , Adriani A
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to revealthein vitrogas profile of basal diet added withColeus amboinicus lour(CAL). The basal diet was added with CAL extracted with different solvent of each water and ethanol. There were four treatments of this experiment namely P0: basal diet (control), P1: basal diet added with 2 % of CAL powder, P2:basal diet added with 2 % of CAL extracted with water, P3 basal diet added with 2 % of CAL extracted withethanol. Each sample was incubated for 48 h following the Reading Gas technique methods with slight modification. Gas was collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 36 and 48 h. The parameters measured were the total gas production (P), potential gas production (b) and rate of gas production (c). The results of this experiment showed that P and b were significant (P<0.05) different. The total gas production was 122.16, 94.78, 122.34 and 62.34 ml/g for P0, P1, P2 and P3 respectively and b was 124.88, 100.13, 117.05 and 80.76 ml/g for P0, P1, P2 andP3 respectively. The value of c was not significant (P>0.05) among four treatments. The value of c was 0.0625, 0.0525, 0.0525 and 0.0425 for P0, P1, P2 andP3 respectively. It could be concluded that the use of water to extract CAL was the best among four treatments.
Effect of foliar application and mineral fertilizer on growth parameters and content auxins, GA and CK in cucumber leaves
Authors: Toman S S , AL-Taey D K A , Al-Tawaha A R , Sirajuddin S N , Rasyid I , Al-Hadi Hassan A Ad
Published: June 2020

The experiment was conducted in an unheated plastic house at Al-Abassia/Al-Najaf Governorate during autumn seasons of 2016. The objective of this work to study the effect of foliar and soil applied fertilizers on growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Siyff). Results indicated that: The foliar spray with 10ml L−1 of the liquid fertilizer was superior in all traits and studied gave the highest value in leaf area index (20.8) plant dry weight (40.9) g, IAA (185.85) mg kg−1, GA3 (187.2) mg kg−1, CK (178.1) mg kg−1. The treatment (F1) of mineral fertilizer was superior significantly in leaf area index (23.5) and plant dry weight (42.8) g. The treatment (F3) was superior in IAA (196.39) mg.kg−1 and GA3 (199.8) mg.kg−1, CK (196.1) mg kg−1. The results showed that the interaction treatment spraying foliar fertilizer at a concentration 10ml.L−1 and 50% of mineral fertilizer was superior significantly in IAA (211.83) mg.kg−1, GA3 (221.6) kg−1, CK (214.9) mg. kg−1.
Addition of Aloe vera powder (Aloe barbadensis Miller) with different levels to digestive tract length and the digestion rate of broiler
Authors: Tahir H A , Mujnisa A , Jamilah
Published: June 2020

Broiler chicken is a type of chicken that has a fast growth rate and requires large amounts of nutrients absorbed from feed. Absorption of nutrients in the feed requires the function of a good digestive tract to optimize the digestive process. The digestive process also requires optimal time in absorption of feed nutrients called the digesta rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the right level of addition aloe vera powder to the length of digestive tract and the rate of broiler digestion. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications, namely P : feed without aloe vera powder (control), P : feed + 0.075% aloe vera powder, P : feed + 0,1% aloe vera powder and P : feed + 0,125% aloe vera powder. The treatment had a significant effect on the jejenum length and digestion rate, but it had no significant effect on the duodenum length and the ileum lenght. The jejunum length was significantly different in treatment P (85.50 cm) and P (83.75 cm) compared to treatment P (73.25 cm). Digestion rate of broilers was significantly different from the P treatment compared to the control treatment. The results of the study showed that the addition of aloe vera powder with the best level was 0.125% (P ) which optimizes the jejunum length and the rate of digesta broiler.
Nanobubble technology in synbiotics production for animal husbandry and fisheries by the minari small business group
Authors: Fujaya Y , Aslamyah S , Rukminasari N , Sari D K , Gusman
Published: June 2020

This activity aims to carry out the process of dissolving oxygen improved in a symbiotic mass culture media using nanobubble injectors conducted by the MINARI small business group under the supervision of Universitas Hasanuddin. Synbiotic is used by fish farmers, breeders, and farmers to enhance growth, immunity in fish and shrimp, and host resistance to pathogenic infections. Observations were made in January - August 2019. The results of the activity showed that Bacillus subtilis cultured was aerated using a nanobubble could increase double of dissolved oxygen concentration. Applying the nanobubble at culture media also increasing the growth of B. subtilis bacteria and speeding up harvest time of synbiotic. The nanobubble aeration technique could increase synbiotics production by 5 times. Increase synbiotic production causes the number of sales also increase and expanding the marketing area. Before using Nano Bubble Technology, this group only supplied 8 regencies-cities totalling 289 L synbiotics (January-April). After using nanobubble technology, production increased to 709 L and supplied 13 districts-cities (May-August). The three regions with the highest demand for synbiotics are Soppeng Regency (262 L), Palopo City (142 L), and Sidrap Regency (110 L).
Nutritive value of banana stem with applicative technology Trichoderma sp. as ruminant feed
Authors: Islamiyati R , Ismartoyo  , Asriany A
Published: June 2020

Ruminant livestock production is highly dependent on the availability of feed. The problem in ruminant production in Indonesia is the difficulty of meeting the continuous availability of feed especially the dry season. Banana stem is an alternative feed for ruminant a lot of but low in nutrition content. The aim of this study was to determine the content of nutritive value of banana stem treated with applicative technology Trichoderma sp. as ruminant feed. The experimental design was used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The level of Trichoderma sp., namely 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5%. The stem of banana was incubated during two weeks. Analysis of variance showed that the level of Trichoderma sp. not significantly effect (P >0.05) on crude protein and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The higher levels of Trichoderma sp. tendency increased content of crude protein and decreased of NDF.
Liquid smoke supplementation in coconut water multi-nutrient block to nutrient consumption of Quail
Authors: Mujnisa A , Wijaya F , Etty
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of Liquid Smoke Addition in Coconut Water Multinutrient Block (CWMB) to quail on the nutrient consumption such as crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and nitrogen-free extract. The treatments consisted of T0: control AkMB ration without liquid smoke addition; T1: CWMB ration with 0.25% liquid smoke, T2: CWMB ration with 0.50% liquid smoke, T3: CWMB ration with 0.75% liquid smoke. The data obtained were analyzed with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that the effect of liquid smoke in the CWMB ration significantly affected (P <0.05) the consumption of crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and nitrogen-free extract. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the addition of liquid smoke in the CWMB ration at different levels affected the quail consumption and nitrogen-free extract. The best results obtained in the 0.75% liquid smoke supplementation (T3) that can increase consumption of crude protein and crude fiber in quails. However, the addition of liquid smoke at 0.25-0.75% to CWMB ration can increase quail’s crude fat consumption and nitrogen-free extract.
Effect of the different clipping time on the yield and quality of dwarf napiergrass on marginal land under manure application
Authors: Wadi A , Darmawan  , Harifuddin  , Hasyim H , Akhsan F , Irwan M
Published: June 2020

The effect of the different clipping time on the yield and quality of Dwarf Napiergrass under manure application were investigated in this experiment. In relation to plant growth and quality, the needs of grassland for fertilizer nutrients are influenced by the intensity of management, by whether the forage crop is harvested by clipping and the botanical composition of the forage crop. Manure contains essential plant nutrients and to use as a soil amendment for crop production is a practical method, so as to solve the disposal problem of livestock. Dwarf napiergrass as a perennial summer crop under the blocked design with 2 plants m−2 were applied to 3 levels of manure and 4 clipping times. The manure revealed so effective fertilizer to increase dry matter yield, and forage quality, especially in crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) at the same clipping time with the increase in manure application level.
Growth characteristics of the corn crop planted with mixed crop planting system with Arachis pintoi
Authors: Insani A N , Nompo S , Natsir A
Published: June 2020

The study aims to identify the growth characteristics of corn crop under mixed crop planting system with Arachis pintoi. The study was carried out according to a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications for each treatment. The treatments consisted of four different mixed crop planting system, namely P0 = Corn crop 100%; P1 = Corn crop 80% + A. pintoi 20%; P2 = Corn crop 50% + A. pintoi 50%; P3 = Corn crop 20% + A. pintoi 80%. The parameters observed in this study were plant height, leaf area, and the number of chlorophyll of corn crop. The results of the study indicated that the average plant height for each treatment was P0 = 142.72 cm, P1 = 143.00 cm, P2 = 152.20 cm, P3 = 123.00 cm, respectively. The average leaf area for each treatment was P0 = 819.25 cm2, P1= 871.48 cm2, P2 = 868.44 cm2, P3 = 793.22 cm2, respectively, and the average number of chlorophyll for each treatment was P0 = 39.84 unit, P1 = 41.84 unit, P2 = 41.30 unit, and P3 = 39.63 unit, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the treatments did not significantly affect (P>0.05) all the parameters observed. It can be concluded that using A. pintoi in the mixed crop planting system with corn crops had no significant benefits in terms of growth characteristics of the corn crop.
Antibacterial activities of black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens. l) extract towards the growth of Salmonella typhimurium, E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Auza F A , Purwanti S , Syamsu J A , Natsir A
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of BSF extract in vitro on the growth of Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa. The experiment was carried out according to the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of six treatments and three replications for each treatment. The treatments were different concentration levels of BSF extract, i.e. 75, 125, 175, 225, 275 and 325 mg.ml−1. Chloramphenicol with concentration of 30 µg. discs paper−1 was used as a positive control and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a negative control. BSF extract was made using maceration extraction method. The results of this study indicated that the antibacterial activity of BSF extract increased (P<0.05) in line with the increase level of BSF extract concentration. The average diameter of the inhibition zone for Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa was 11.77 ± 0.03 mm, 11.15 ± 0.05 mm, and 11.15 ± 0.23 mm respectively, which was categorized as strong inhibition zone. In conclusion, the concentration of BSF extract of 325 mg.ml−1 is an effective concentration to inhibit the growth of the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa.