bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USO E COBERTURA DO SOLO E COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE OS ÍNDICES DE VEGETAÇÃO SAVI E NDWI NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL DAS ONÇAS, PARAÍBA, BRASIL
Authors: Vilar Pereira José Antônio , Gomes de Souza Yuri , Gadelha Correia Iluliane Maria , Israel de Souza Bartolomeu
Published: June 2021

O Bioma Caatinga apresenta uma biodiversidade exclusiva, entretanto, apesar da sua importância, este vem passando por um acelerado processo de modificação das suas paisagens em consequência do uso inadequado dos seus recursos naturais. Mesmo com este quadro de degradação, apenas algumas áreas são protegidas por unidades de conservação. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o uso e a cobertura do solo e entender a influência do relevo nas respostas dos índices de vegetação NDWI e o SAVI na APA das Onças/PB. Analisou-se os índices de vegetação com imagens Sentinel-2 e os dados hipsométricos com imagens do satélite Alos Palsar. Como resultados, identificou-se que a maior parte da área está recoberta por vegetação do tipo Esparsa e Semi-densa, compreendendo cerca de 38,9% e 35,38% do território da APA, respectivamente, enquanto o Solo Exposto representa 22,07%, a Vegetação Densa 3,56% e a Água 0,02%. Com relação às respostas dos índices, estes tiveram resultados aproximados, apresentando uma concentração de valores mais baixos de SAVI e de valores negativos de NDWI na maior parte da APA, indicando áreas degradadas com baixo teor de umidade. Já os valores positivos, estiveram nas zonas mais elevadas, sinalizando presença de vegetação densa e maior umidade.
Problems of agroecological assessment of soil fertility
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: June 2021

The paper proves the need to clarify the agroecological assessment of soils, taking into account the migration of substances, the non-exchange fixation of biophilic elements by the soil, the relationship between the properties of soils, the intensity and speed of soil-forming processes, and the manifestation of the law of decreasing fertility. It is shown that on well-cultivated sod-podzolic soils of the Moscow region, the losses of elements with high water and ground water averaged 19.3 and 6.9 kg/ha of N-NO3, 0.7 and 1.2 N-NH4 in the crop rotation. Losses with surface-runoff waters were: nitrogen-2.2 kg / ha, potassium-7.0; calcium-11.0; magnesium-6.0; phosphorus-0.9 kg / ha per year. When the Ca/K ratio in the soil solution of this soil was 0.44±0.03 and 2.7±0.1, the content of water – soluble iron was 57.9±7.4 and 5.3±0.7 mg/l, respectively; manganese-2.3±0.4 and 1.1±0.2 mg/l. It is shown that plants consume biophilic elements from different soil horizons, which must be taken into account in the balance of biophilic elements. It is shown that the optimal soil properties differ depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the territory, the combination of soil properties. It is proved that in order to choose the optimal crops for growing on certain soils, it is necessary to take into account the alienation of energy with the crop. Keywords: SOIL FERTILITY, FERTILIZERS, BALANCE, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Improving energy efficiency of cold storage
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: June 2021

Saving resources and energy in refrigeration systems is one of the main vectors of development of the national economy of our country. One of the promising ways to solve these problems is the use of energy efficient refrigeration machines. The article discusses the main issues on the organization of energy efficient storage. In particular, the main recommendations for the design of the storage building are given; an analysis of the energy efficiency of refrigeration machines with and without VFD (variable frequency drive) is given; the main aspects of the operation of the condenser of the refrigeration unit are considered. Keywords: ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION, REGULATION, ENERGY EFFICIENCY
China’s Foreign Technology Wish List
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Fedasiuk Ryan , Weinstein Emily , Puglisi Anna
Published: June 2021

“Science and technology diplomats” act as brokers as part of China’s broader strategy to acquire foreign technology. Each year, they file hundreds of official reports on their activities. This issue brief illuminates trends in the 642 reports filed by the S&T directorates of Chinese embassies and consulates from 2015 to 2020, quantifying which types of technologies the Chinese government is most focused on acquiring, and from where.
SYSTEMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES OF A HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT TO IMPLEMENT NATIONAL PRIORITIES FOR STAFFING INCLUSIVE GENERAL EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE
Authors: Nechyporenko Valentyna
Published: June 2021

The article specifies the directions in the systemic implementation of national priorities in the staffing support for inclusive general educational practice as part of the training in the following specialties: “Special education. Speech Therapy", "Primary Education", "Social Work", "Psychology", "Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy". Such training is accomplished through the use of innovative methods and technologies in the educational process, implementation of a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to training, ensuring their readiness to work on diversified projects in interdisciplinary teams, to provide individualized assistance for each child with special educational needs in order to intensify his/her social and communicative development, relevant acquisition of social roles and socially significant communicative norms. The study considers the importance of professional practice so that future specialists could learn all the aspects related to the implementation of structural-functional model of inclusive education at the system-institutional level and gain relevant experience in working with different categories of children with special educational needs. Based on the example of secondary boarding school of I-III degrees of Khortytsia National Academy, the importance for the practice base of future specialists was established to comply with the following organizational and methodological requirements: successful provision of variatization and individualization of inclusive educational process taking into account the capabilities of students with special educational needs; strengthening the socialization potential of the educational institution; implementation of a team approach to psychological and pedagogical support of children with special educational needs; promoting positive psychological microclimate in inclusive children's groups, active self-realization of each student in socially significant activities.
TECHNOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF THE CONTEMPORARY PERSONALITY SOCIALIZATION PROCESS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE AGENT-DEED APPROACH
Authors: Kozaryk Olexandra
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the approaches of several modern researchers to the interpretation of such concepts as "socialization", "personality", "socialization of personality" based on generalized definitions of these concepts in the encyclopedic philosophical dictionary from the perspective of the contemporary approach. Agreeing with the researchers about the important role of society in personality socialization, the article is focused on the analysis of real and potential opportunities for the personality in its socialization, taking into account the living conditions, social environment and time limits of the socialization process.
The two-sidedness of the socialization process is explained, where the personality, on the one hand, acquires the social experience of the society it belongs to, and on the other hand, actively reproduces and multiplies this experience in the process of its own activity and interaction with other people. The main directions of socialization are revealed: socio-philosophical, socio-psychological; socio-pedagogical. The advantages and disadvantages of the subject-subject approach to the personality socialization are discovered, where the advantages for socialization actors comprise just a certain period of their lives, and then they seek their place among others beyond the microsociety, and the disadvantage of this approach is that scientists do not provide ways to activate both sides of the socialization process in different social conditions, because the social environment can have both positive and negative effects on the personality.
The article emphasizes the viability of the agent-deed approach, which provides for the expansion of positive social experience of the personality through its positive individual and group activities, based on in-depth study and consideration of individual characteristics, real and potential capabilities of the personality as an actor. It is emphasized in the article that in any case the personality is the bearer of the ability to socialize and is characterized by five main components of the individual's ability to socialize: 1) a certain tendency and willingness to socialize; 2) interest in social relations; 3) the bearer of their own social experience; 4) the availability of a certain social potential; 5) the ability to self-socialize. The basic indicators, which form the basis of the general technology of the agent-deed approach to personality socialization are presented and explained in the article: personality attitude to other people; the aptitude of the personality for self-control in communication and interaction with other people; the aptitude for constructive and reasonable actions. Each criterion includes: basic qualities; awareness of what to do, why and how; balanced consideration of personal capabilities and capabilities of other people in the process of cooperation.
ROLE AND PLACE OF STUDY ON SYSTEMATIZATION IN SCIENTIFIC PEDAGOGICAL THEORY AND EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE
Authors: Pavlenko Anatolii
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the doctrine of systematization of scientific and pedagogical knowledge, determines its role and place in the theory and methodology of pedagogy as well as educational practice. The author establishes the connection between the influence of the development of the methodological doctrine of systematization in pedagogy on overcoming the modern methodological and information crisis of scientific and pedagogical knowledge. It is the crisis in the systematization of already accumulated scientific and pedagogical knowledge and the predominant orientation of researchers to obtain non-systemic pedagogical knowledge that determines the relevance of methodological awareness of the role and place of the doctrine of systematization.
The doctrine of systematization is a relevant and important component of modern methodology of pedagogy; it has systemic features and its structure comprizes knowledge of individual and similar forms of systematization (classification and typology, taxonomy) of scientific pedagogical knowledge having complex and not always unambiguous relationships which need to be further researched.
The article considers the role and place of the doctrine of systematization in the methodology of pedagogy; it also deals with the plurality and multifaceted definitions of the concept of systematization in scientific theory and educational practice, which can claim the role of a universal dialectical method. The results of the application of the historical-biographical approach in the study of Mendelieiev’s biography testify not only to the similarity, but also to the unifying commonality of systematization for scientific activity of scientists and practical educational activity of teachers. This makes it possible to justify the need to actualize the use of adapted to the educational process forms of systematization as scientific methods of cognition in educational practice, teaching and learning.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE INTERNALITY FORMATION AS A FACTOR OF THE FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS’ PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL SELF-DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ketler-Mytnytska Tetiana
Published: June 2021

The article considers the psychological and pedagogical conditions of personal and professional self-improvement of future professionals, including psychology students. Such conditions include technologies of self-education and self-education, specially designed forms, methods and approaches of interactive work, focused on stimulating of motivation and expanding of self-development resources. In the process of professional training of future psychologists, specially designed training sessions are crucial if specific content and methodological requirements for targeted training of personal and professional self-development are taken into account. Usually such training is realized by activating the internal factors of self-improvement process, one of which is internality - a personal property that acquires special significance in the context of the specifics of a psychologist’s professional activity. It is assumed that an effective psychological and pedagogical condition for the formation of internality as a factor of future psychologists’ personal and professional self-development is a specially organized educational activities of students. In this regard, a special training course "Theoretical and methodological foundations of the future psychologists’ internality formation" was designed. The methodological basis of special training course is a personal-acmeological approach and experimentally substantiated data concerning the results and means of applicants’ for higher education personal and professional self-development. The purpose, tasks, psychological and pedagogical conditions of formation of students’ internality by educational materials are formulated. The structure of the special course, the content of classroom and independent work are revealed, the forms of control are offered. The content and methodological features of the special course, which contribute to the formation of internality as a factor of future psychologists’ readiness for personal and professional self-development, and the expected learning outcomes are highlighted.
Technology Transfer, Development, Deployment and Productivity Performance in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Irfan , Mahmood Zafar
Published: June 2021

Productivity (TFP) performance is not only influenced by the direct effects of human capital, R&D (technology development)), embodied and disembodied forms of technology transfer and know-how through capital imports, FDI and use of foreign IPRs (technology transfer activities), but importantly is indirectly affected by compo-nents like the interactive effects of machinery and equipment imports, royalties and licenses fee payments, FDI, human capital and technology deployment. In this context, we analyzed internal technology building capabilities, trade-related technology transf-er activities and foreign technology absorption capabilities. The ARDL technique demonstrates that stable long-run association exists amongst all the chosen variables. The results indicate that investment in human capital boost the TFP, in addition expenditures on R&D, imports of machinery are crucial determinants of TFP growth. Surprisingly, FDI appears with a negative sign but the indirect effect of FDI through its interaction with human capital is positive. This indicates that FDI in the presence of human capital plays a favourable role in enhancing TFP. Moreover, the imports of machinery directly and indirectly, in association with both human capital and R&D, increase the growth of TFP. These findings provide evidence that internal technology building capabilities enhances the TFP growth significantly; while, embodied form of technology transfer has a positive and significant impact on the growth of TFP; whereas, disembodied technology transfer exerts positive but statistically insignificant impact on TFP growth. Furthermore, the study lends support for the existence of strong foreign technology absorption capabilities.
TO THE ISSUE OF TEACHING SPEAKING IN ENGLISH TO FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE SPHERE OF TOURISM
Authors:   Khoja Ahmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Rizakhojayeva G.A. , Kudabayeva P.A. ,   Taraz state pedagogical university Taraz, Kazakhstan, Aitenova E.A. ,   Kazakh Academy of Transport and Communications named after M. Tynyshpaev
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the issues of teaching speaking to future tourism specialists. The formation and development of foreign language spoken language is the process of instilling future specialists with the skills and abilities of understanding and expressing thoughts, designed in a foreign language. These tools are little known to future specialists, since he cannot get them from the environment, just as he receives means of expressing thoughts in his native language. Thus, in the process of teaching perception and reproduction of speech in a foreign language, the categories of form and content play an important role. Auditory, audiovisual and visual supports are used to form oral foreign speech. Visual props are printed texts. In the methodology of teaching English as a foreign language, the question of the use of texts in teaching speaking was widely discussed. There is no definite answer to this question. We hold the view that for future tourism specialists, texts are the main source of language tools and information
ECOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF THE TEACHER BASICS FORMATION OF ECOLOGICAL CULTURE STUDENTS
Authors:   Kazakhstan at Abai KazNPU, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Amantayeva A.K. , Childibayev Zh.B. ,   Kazakhstan at Abai KazNPU, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Lakhbayeva Zh.A. ,   KazNU Al-Farabi, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article considers the importance of the formation of ecological culture of future specialists, its components and possible ways of formation for each member of society. Environmental science as an aspect environmental literacy mankind, one of the main tasks environmental education is the formation of human environmental literacy, which is based on human cognitive activity and assumes the possibility applying the acquired knowledge in everyday life and solving current environmental problems. At the same time, environmental competence is one of the main indicators in the formation environmental culture. In order to reveal the essence of the word «ecological culture» the definition many scientists and teachers is recommended.
THE EFFECTIVE PEDAGOGICAL ORGANIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONIN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Taraz State Pedagogical University Taraz, Kazakhstan, Zhilysbek S.N. , Sabiralieva ZH. ,   Taraz state pedagogical university Taraz, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

This article discusses some issues of improving environmental literacy of the population among Republic and questions about an effective organization of environmental education in the training of natural sciences. For this purpose, it is necessary to allocate credits for special educational standards of pedagogical and technical educational institutions. It is noted that the improvement of environmental knowledge is one of the prerequisites for the preservation of human capital. The verified data and arguments about ecological catastrophes in the regions of Kazakhstan are given. In addition, the country's media, especially the television channel, are encouraged to provide weekly environmental information on the environment ecology. It is shown the necessity of higher education institutions' practice to improve environmental education in special environmental centers. There is the scheme of environmental education planning in natural specialties. And it is necessary to update the environmental map of the region annually and create an environmental catalog, monitoring, the results of the media should be monitored regularly
BULLING PROBLEM IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Gubenko A.Y. , Khan N.N ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

This article reveals in detail the specifics of the manifestation of aggression, physical and moral negative impact on children in the school environment, the concept of "bullying" is described in detail and explained. The main world achievements in the field of combating this phenomenon are considered. The structures and features of preventive and anti-bullying programs created in different countries of the world from the 80s of the 20th century to the present are analyzed. The article also provides a short list of authors of scientific works that reveal the problem of bullying and violence among schoolchildren. The main factors that have a positive effect on the stabilization and elimination of bullying in the training team are considered. The necessity of preparing a future teacher is shown.
EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHY LIFE STUDENTS
Authors:   Kokshetau University named after Abay Myrzakhmetov, Kokshetau, Republic of Kazakhstan, Khoroshev A. , Кulambayeva К.К. ,   Kokshetau University named after Abay Myrzakhmetov, Kokshetau, Republic of Kazakhstan, Кosherbayeva А.N. ,   Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abai, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The problem of population health decline has become increasingly relevant in the recent years as the increase of diseases, mortality and shortened life expectancy is being witnessed. The state of health of today's youth is an important component in generalizing parameters of the nation’s health. The health of the nation is an essential indicator of the social and economic development of the state, and the health of young people is its future. The economic, intellectual and cultural potential of our country directly depends on the health indicators of the future generation. Therefore, modern and world youth should be able to work both physically and intellectually demonstrating a high professional level. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of good health in the implementation of man’s own plans, the successful solution of life tasks and the overcoming of labor in modern conditions of computerization, demographic problems, deterioration of the ecological state of the Republic of Kazakhstan, changes in social conditions of life. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the pedagogical conditions for the development of a healthy lifestyle for students. The article also proposed ways to solve this problem.
THE ANALYSIS OF MODULE-COMPETENCE APPROACH IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS’DESIGNOF KAZAKHSTAN AND LATVIA UNIVERSITIES
Authors:   T.K. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Zhanguzhinova M.Ye. , Abilkalamova K.K. ,   Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sabitova A.M. ,   Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article presents a theoretical and methodological comparative analysis of the module-competencybased approach for the educational process’designin universities in Latvia and Kazakhstan. The article is intended for a survey and analytical study of the diversification of methods, technologies in two post-Soviet countries with different educational paths. The study contains an analysis of the legal and regulatory documents for the specialties “Vocational Training”, “Design”, “Scenography”, as well as a comparative analysis of the pedagogical process organizationof the professional competence formationin Kazakhstan and Latvia. The purpose of the study is to analyze two types of educational process in universities that carry out activities within the framework of the Bologna system. The objective of the study is to identify the differences and similarities in the organization of the pedagogical process in both countries, and to determine their systems, structure and forms. The results of the study are shown in the development of conclusions for the educational process in universities of Kazakhstan.
STATE AND PROSPECTS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN: EXPERIENCE OF EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors:   Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Bizhkenova A. Ye. , Kabenova D.M. ,   Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Takuova Z.S. ,   Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Adilkhanuly M. ,   Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov
Published: June 2021

cation. English is the language which is chosen by parents as a foreign for their children in preschool age. This article is devoted to the study of the status and current issues of teaching English in Kazakhstan. It is based on the results of a practical survey of eighth grade students of some secondary schools, as well as on observation of the educational process. During a visit to English classes and after conversations with school teachers, the problematic aspects of the learning process were identified. The article provides an overview of modern methods and principles of classes’ organization, contains recommendations for solving theidentified problems. The authors of the article also tried to find out the desire of students to learn not only English, but also other foreign languages, because according to the state regulatory documents, students at school have the right to choose a foreign language, which they want tolearn. The desire to communicate in a foreign language, readiness for foreign language communication, the role ofEnglish language in the student’s life, the main activities in foreign language lessons were some of the key issues, that were considered in this scientific work.
FORMATION OF META-SUBJECT COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS BASED ON INTERDISEMBER COMMUNICATIONS
Authors:   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan, Saudabayeva G.S. , Sholpankulova G.K. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

Mobile access to personality traits in our article makes it possible to quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions,as a process that determines social activity and the pursuit of career happiness.Thus, mobility characterizes the individual response of each student to the challenge of a dynamically developing world in whichhemusthavepsychologicalflexibilityandtheabilitytomakechoicesandcreativelytransformhisenvironment.Thisarticlediscussestheproblemoftheformationofstudentmobilityintheconditionsofdistancelearning.Therelevanceofdistancelearningliesinthemobilityofthisprogram,whereeachstudent,regardlessofage,physicalorgeographicalrestrictions,canaccesssourcesofinformation,aknowledgebase,andliterature.Distancelearning-technologiesofthemodernworld-isaconnectinglinkbetweenastudentandateacher,inwhomthelearningprocesscantakeplaceonthecorporatenetwork,ontheInternet,aswellasusingtelecommunicationsmeansofcommunication,whereinsteadofclassesintheclassroom-onlineseminarsandvideoconferences,insteadofliveconsultations-communicationwiththeteacherthroughE-mail,Zoom,MicrosoftTeams,Skypeandeducationalplatforms.Thus,distancelearningisaneducationalenvironmentofthe21stcentury,anenvironmentofoperationalcommunicationbetweenparticipantsintheeducationalprocessamongthemselvesandwiththesysteminthelearningprocess.
SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL BASIS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF ELEMENTS OF DUAL TEACHING IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors:   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan, Abdigapbarova U. , Smanova A. ,   Taraz state pedagogical university Almaty,Kazakhstan, Kenzhebayeva A. ,   Taraz state pedagogical university Almaty,Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the integration of dual teaching elements into the process of vocational training for future teachers. From the 30s of the twentieth century to the beginning of the twenty first century, the reflection of the elements of dual teaching in the educational process of pedagogical higher education institutions is based. Although it does not mention the introduction of the elements of dual education, it is noted that in recent years, due to the emphasis on the training of future teachers, special attention is paid to practical classes, internships. From 2014, domestic dissertation research and research projects covering dual learning will be thoroughly analyzed. Questionnaires were received from university graduates and employers. It will also be revealed that there are currently opportunities to integrate dual teaching elements into the process of future teacher training.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors:   S.Amanzholov East Kazakhstan state University, Gubaidullina G. , Shaikhymuratova I. ,   S.Amanzholov East Kazakhstan state University
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of communicative competence of University students. The authors believe that the development of communicative competence of future teachers should be systematic and carried out throughout the entire period of study at the University on the basis of the pedagogical approach «learning through dialogue». The results of an experimental study are presented, on the basis of which the authors formulate conclusions and recommendations
LANGUAGE AS A KEY COMPONENT IN THE STRUCTURE OF NATIONAL IDENTITY OF FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors:   KazNPU named after Abai, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sarbasova V.N.
Published: June 2021

The language is considered by the author as a determinant, a key component of the future teacher’s national identity. Particular importance of studying language as a key component in the structure of national identity of future teachers gains in the context of language policy in Kazakhstan, according to which all the languages of the peoples of Kazakhstan are declared a national treasure, historical and cultural heritage of the country. Language as the main mechanism of the unity of the people, the preservation and development of cultural and spiritual heritage promotes interethnic harmony, a tolerant attitude towards representatives of other ethnic communities. The teacher, as a native speaker of language and speech behavior, performs professional tasks, including: developing value orientations of students, respecting the language, culture, traditions of his and others nations, readiness for constructive intercultural dialogue and interaction. The effective solution of professional tasks depends on the linguistic competence of the teacher as an integral part of professional competence
HISTORICAL HERITAGE AS A MEANS OF MORAL TRAINING OF SOCIAL TEACHERS
Authors:   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan, Halitova І.R. , Atemkulova N.O. ,   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan, Shirinbayeva G.K. ,   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The introduction of socio-pedagogical ideas into the historical and literary heritage enriches the content of training, makes it possible to enrich their practical skills through familiarity with historical experience, on the one hand, on the other hand, it enriches the inner world of social teachers as specialists, connecting the feeling and consciousness, thereby creating conditions for successful effective activities. In human society, various types of contradictions have always appeared at any time, but at the same time , methods and ways to eliminate them have been invented. Unfortunately, we have recently become interested in foreign technologies of training and education, their ideas, and have lost sight of the rich experience of the past, which includes methods and methods of social education of children and youth. The problem is that it is necessary to identify them and use them in practice. The activity of a social pedagogue , in particular, is associated with rehabilitation, socialization and other types of work among children, youth and adults. The history of social pedagogy spiritually enriches future specialists on the one hand, and on the other, helps to accumulate the experience of the past in order to use them in solving modern problems. Literary and historical materials concerning the social side of the life of the Kazakh people in this regard is important and essential.
Training students in Python programming skills and WPS wrapping for geoprocessing tasks by using examples of less commonly applied thematic mapping methods
Authors: Stern Christian , Schaab Gertrud
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Python programming and the application of web services technology can be considered important skills for geomatics students when looking for employment later. A course on Web Processing Services (WPS) as part of the International Geomatics master programme at Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences takes this into consideration while using the opportunity of making students aware of less-known thematic mapping methods. Students are introduced to automating a complex geoprocessing task and finally wrapping it into a WPS. It is achieved by following the phases of first conceptualizing the single steps before then using ArcGIS ModelBuilder and Python scripts in combination to build the processing chain. The alternate band map method serves as example in the hands-on exercise. Later students are asked to automate the generation of the geometries for the map face and/or map legend supporting other thematic mapping methods like the square density map or the absolute value raster map. The paper discusses the teaching approach and experiences made so far. Conceptualizing the automatization of a given complex geoprocessing problem proved to be the most challenging part for the students.
Highly time-resolved characterization of carbonaceous aerosols using a two-wavelength Sunset thermal–optical carbon analyzer
Authors: Bao Mengying , Zhang Yan-Lin , Cao Fang , Lin Yu-Chi , Wang Yuhang , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Wenqi , Fan Meiyi , Xie Feng , Cary Robert , Dixon Joshua , Zhou Lihua
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols have great influence on the air quality, human health
and climate change. Except for organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), brown carbon (BrC) mainly originates from biomass burning as a group of OC, with strong absorption from the visible to near-ultraviolet
wavelengths, and makes a considerable contribution to global warming. Large
numbers of studies have reported long-term observation of OC and EC
concentrations throughout the world, but studies of BrC based on long-term
observations are rather limited. In this study, we established a
two-wavelength method (658 and 405 nm) applied in the Sunset thermal–optical carbon analyzer. Based on a 1-year observation, we firstly investigated the characteristics, meteorological impact and transport process of OC and EC. Since BrC absorbs light at 405 nm more effectively than 658 nm, we defined the enhanced concentrations (dEC = EC405 nm − EC658 nm) and gave the possibility of providing an indicator of BrC. The receptor model and MODIS fire information were used to identify the presence of BrC aerosols. Our results showed that the carbonaceous aerosol concentrations were the highest in winter and lowest in summer. Traffic emission was an important source of carbonaceous aerosols in Nanjing. Receptor model results showed that strong local emissions were found for OC and EC; however, dEC was significantly affected by regional or long-range transport.
The dEC/OC and OC/EC ratios showed similar diurnal patterns, and the dEC/OC increased when the OC/EC ratios increased, indicating strong secondary
sources or biomass burning contributions to dEC. A total of two biomass burning events both in summer and winter were analyzed, and the results showed that the dEC concentrations were obviously higher on biomass burning days; however, no similar levels of the OC and EC concentrations were found both in biomass burning days and normal days in summer, suggesting that biomass burning emissions made a great contribution to dEC, and the sources of OC and EC were more complicated. Large number of open fire counts from the northwestern and southwestern areas of the study site were observed in winter and significantly contributed to OC, EC and dEC. In addition, the nearby Yangtze River Delta
area was one of the main potential source areas of dEC, suggesting that
anthropogenic emissions could also be important sources of dEC. The results
proved that dEC can be an indicator of BrC on biomass burning days. Our
modified two-wavelength instrument provided more information than the
traditional single-wavelength thermal–optical carbon analyzer and gave a new idea about the measurement of BrC; the application of dEC data needs to be further investigated.
Assessment of Real-time Bioaerosol Particle Counters using Reference Chamber Experiments
Authors: Lieberherr Gian , Auderset Kevin , Calpini Bertrand , Clot Bernard , Crouzy Benoît , Gysel-Beer Martin , Konzelmann Thomas , Manzano José , Mihajlovic Andrea , Moallemi Alireza , O'Connor David , Sikoparija Branko , Sauvageat Eric , Tummon Fiona , Vasilatou Konstantina
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This study presents the first reference calibrations of three commercially available bioaerosol detectors. The Droplet Measurement Technologies WIBS-NEO, Plair Rapid-E, and Swisens Poleno were compared with a primary standard for particle number concentrations at the Federal Institute for Metrology METAS. Polystyrene (PSL) spheres were used to assess absolute particle counts for diameters from 0.5 μm to 10 μm. For the three devices, counting efficiency was found to be strongly dependent on particle size. The results confirm the expected detection range for which the instruments were designed. While the WIBS-NEO achieves its highest efficiency at smaller particles, e.g. 90 % for 0.9 μm diameter, the Plair Rapid-E performs best for larger particles, with an efficiency of 58 % for particles with a diameter of 10 μm. The Swisens Poleno is also designed for larger particles, but operates well from 2 μm. However, the exact counting efficiency of the Poleno could not be evaluated as the cut-off diameter range of the integrated concentrator unit was not completely covered. In further experiments, three different types of fluorescent particles were tested to investigate the fluorescent detection capabilities of the Plair Rapid-E and the Swisens Poleno. Both instruments showed good agreement with the reference data. While the challenge to produce known concentrations of larger particles above 10 μm or even fresh pollen particles remain, the approach presented in this paper provides a potential standardised validation method that can be used to assess counting efficiency and fluorescence measurements of automatic bioaerosol monitoring devices.
Reduced El Niño variability in the mid-Pliocene according to the PlioMIP2 ensemble
Authors: Oldeman Arthur Merlijn , Baatsen Michiel L. J. , von der Heydt Anna S. , Dijkstra Henk A. , Tindall Julia C. , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Booth Alice R. , Brady Esther C. , Chan Wing-Le , Chandan Deepak , Chandler Mark A. , Contoux Camille , Feng Ran , Guo Chuncheng , Haywood Alan M. , Hunter Stephen J. , Kamae Youichi , Li Qiang , Li Xiangyu , Lohmann Gerrit , Lunt Daniel J. , Nisancioglu Kerim H. , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Peltier W. Richard , Pontes Gabriel M. , Ramstein Gilles , Sohl Linda E. , Stepanek Christian , Tan Ning , Zhang Qiong , Zhang Zhongshi , Wainer Ilana , Williams Charles J. R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264–3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period during which atmospheric CO2 levels were similar to recent historical values (~400 ppm). Several proxy reconstructions for the mid-Pliocene show highly reduced zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradients in the tropical Pacific Ocean, indicating an El Niño-like mean state. However, past modelling studies do not show these highly reduced gradients. Efforts to understand mid-Pliocene climate dynamics have led to the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). Results from the first phase (PlioMIP1) showed clear El Niño variability (albeit significantly reduced) and did not show the greatly reduced time-mean zonal SST gradient suggested by some of the proxies. In this work, we study El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability in the PlioMIP2 ensemble, which consists of additional global coupled climate models and updated boundary conditions compared to PlioMIP1. We quantify ENSO amplitude, period, spatial structure and flavour, as well as the tropical Pacific annual mean state in mid-Pliocene and pre-industrial simulations. Results show a reduced ENSO amplitude in the model-ensemble mean (−24 %) with respect to the pre-industrial, with 15 out of 17 individual models showing such a reduction. Furthermore, the spectral power of this variability considerably decreases in the 3–4 year band. The spatial structure of the dominant empirical orthogonal function shows no particular change in the patterns of tropical Pacific variability in the model-ensemble mean, compared to the pre-industrial. Although the time-mean zonal SST gradient in the equatorial Pacific decreases for 14 out of 17 models (0.2 °C reduction in the ensemble mean), there does not seem to be a correlation with the decrease in ENSO amplitude. The models showing the most ‘El Niño-like’ mean state changes show a similar ENSO amplitude as in the pre-industrial reference, while models showing more ‘La Niña-like’ mean state changes generally show a large reduction in ENSO variability. The PlioMIP2 results show a reasonable agreement both with time-mean proxies indicating a reduced zonal SST gradient, as well as reconstructions indicating a reduced, or similar, ENSO variability.
Marine terraces of the last interglacial period along the Pacific coast of South America (1° N–40° S)
Authors: Freisleben Roland , Jara-Muñoz Julius , Melnick Daniel , Martínez José Miguel , Strecker Manfred R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Tectonically active coasts are dynamic environments characterized
by the presence of multiple marine terraces formed by the combined effects
of wave erosion, tectonic uplift, and sea-level oscillations at
glacial-cycle timescales. Well-preserved erosional terraces from the last
interglacial sea-level highstand are ideal marker horizons for
reconstructing past sea-level positions and calculating vertical
displacement rates. We carried out an almost continuous mapping of the last
interglacial marine terrace along ∼ 5000 km of the western
coast of South America between 1∘ N and 40∘ S. We used
quantitatively replicable approaches constrained by published terrace-age
estimates to ultimately compare elevations and patterns of uplifted terraces
with tectonic and climatic parameters in order to evaluate the controlling
mechanisms for the formation and preservation of marine terraces and
crustal deformation. Uncertainties were estimated on the basis of
measurement errors and the distance from referencing points. Overall, our
results indicate a median elevation of 30.1 m, which would imply a median
uplift rate of 0.22 m kyr−1 averaged over the past ∼ 125 kyr. The patterns of terrace elevation and uplift rate display high-amplitude
(∼ 100–200 m) and long-wavelength (∼ 102 km) structures at the Manta Peninsula (Ecuador), the San Juan de Marcona
area (central Peru), and the Arauco Peninsula (south-central Chile).
Medium-wavelength structures occur at the Mejillones Peninsula and Topocalma
in Chile, while short-wavelength (< 10 km) features are for instance
located near Los Vilos, Valparaíso, and Carranza, Chile. We interpret
the long-wavelength deformation to be controlled by deep-seated processes at
the plate interface such as the subduction of major bathymetric anomalies
like the Nazca and Carnegie ridges. In contrast, short-wavelength
deformation may be primarily controlled by sources in the upper plate such
as crustal faulting, which, however, may also be associated with the
subduction of topographically less pronounced bathymetric anomalies.
Latitudinal differences in climate additionally control the formation and
preservation of marine terraces. Based on our synopsis we propose that
increasing wave height and tidal range result in enhanced erosion and
morphologically well-defined marine terraces in south-central Chile. Our
study emphasizes the importance of using systematic measurements and
uniform, quantitative methodologies to characterize and correctly interpret
marine terraces at regional scales, especially if they are used to unravel the
tectonic and climatic forcing mechanisms of their formation. This database
is an integral part of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines
(WALIS), published online at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309748
(Freisleben et al., 2020).
Editorial: Geoscience communication – Planning to make it publishable
Authors: Hillier John K. , Welsh Katharine E. , Stiller-Reeve Mathew , Priestley Rebecca K. , Roop Heidi A. , Lanza Tiziana , Illingworth Sam
Published: June 2021

Abstract. If you are a geoscientist doing work to achieve impact outside academia or engaging different audiences with the geosciences, are you planning to make this publishable? If so, then plan. Such investigations into how people (academics, practitioners, other publics) behave can use pragmatic, simple research methodologies accessible to the non-specialist, or be more complex. To employ a medical analogy, first aid is useful and the best option in some scenarios but calling a medic (i.e. a collaborator with experience of geoscience communication or relevant research methods) provides the contextual knowledge to identify a condition and opens up a diverse, more powerful range of treatment options. Here, we expand upon the brief advice in the first editorial of Geoscience Communication (Illingworth et al., 2018), illustrating what constitutes robust and publishable work in this context, elucidating its key elements. Our aim is to help geoscience communicators plan a route to publication, and to illustrate how good engagement work that is already being done might be developed into publishable research.
A 62-ka geomagnetic palaeointensity record from the Taymyr Peninsula, Russian Arctic
Authors: Scheidt Stephanie , Lenz Matthias , Egli Ramon , Brill Dominik , Klug Martin , Fabian Karl , Lenz Marlene M. , Gromig Raphael , Rethemeyer Janet , Wagner Bernd , Federov Grigory , Melles Martin
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This work represents the first palaeomagnetic study carried out on the sedimentary record of lake Levinson-Lessing, which is the deepest lake in northern Central Siberia. Palaeomagnetic analyses were carried out on 730 discrete samples from the upper 38 m of the 46 m-long core Co1401, which was recovered from the central part of the lake. Alternating field demagnetisation experiments were carried out to obtain the characteristic remanent magnetisation. The relative palaeointensity is determined using the magnetic susceptibility, the anhysteretic remanent magnetization and the isothermal remanent magnetization for normalization of the partial natural remanent magnetization. The chronology of Co1401 derives from accelerated mass spectrometer radiocarbon ages, optically stimulated luminescence dating, and correlation of the relative palaeointensity of 642 discrete samples with the GLOPIS-75 reference curve. This study focuses on the part >10 ka but although includes preliminary results for the upper part of the core. The record includes the geomagnetic excursions Laschamps and Mono Lake, and resolves sufficient geomagnetic features to establish a chronology that continuously covers ~62 ka. The results reveal continuous sedimentation and high sedimentation rate between 45 and 95 cm ka−1. High lock-in depths are suggested from the low variability of the magnetic record compared to data sets of reference records with lower sedimentation rate. Although the horizontal component of the characteristic remanent magnetization can only be used with caution because Co1401 was cored without core segment overlap, the magnetic record of Co1401 is the only high-resolution record of relative palaeointensity and palaeosecular variations from the Arctic tangent cylinder going back to ~62 ka.