bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE THEORY IN DECISION MAKING TREATMENT OF ARITHMIA PATIENTS WITH USING DEEP LEARNING MODELS
Authors: Satoni Kurniawansyah Arius
Published: October 2023

In the context of Explainable Artificial Intelligence, there are two important keywords: interpretability and "explainability". Interpretability is the extent to which humans can understand the causes of decisions. The better the interpretability of an AI/ML model, the easier it is for someone to understand why certain decisions or predictions have been made. Some cases of AI/ML implementation may not require explanation, because they are used in a low-risk environment, meaning mistakes will not have serious consequences. The need for interpretability and explainability arises when an AI system is used for certain high-risk problems or tasks, so it is not enough just to get predictive/classification decision outputs, but also needs explanations to convince users that AI (1: Model Explainability) is working the right way and (2: Decision Explainability) has made the right decision (Hotma, 2022). This research provides benefits for the development of knowledge regarding the implementation model of Explainable AI Theory in assisting Doctors' Decision Making for patients with cardiac arrhythmias with the Deep Learning Model in assisting Doctors' Decision Making for patients with cardiac arrhythmias. Knowing the Deep Learning Algorithm can be used in Machine Learning to read EKG Results. Knowing how to improve the results of the accuracy of the Explainable AI Application in Decision Making by Doctors for patients with cardiac arrhythmias. The use of Explanable Artificial Intelligence in the management of arrhythmia patients can provide an interpretation for doctors to be more optimal in treating patients. The results of this AI machine decision can increase doctors' confidence in treating arrhythmia patients optimally, effectively and efficiently. And also treatment will be faster because it is assisted by tools, so that patients can be treated more quickly. Thus it will reduce the mortality rate in arrhythmia patients.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROFILE MATCHING METHOD IN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM SMARTPHONE SELECTION BASED ON CONSUMER NEEDS
Authors: Muth’mainnah A.
Published: October 2023

Smartphones are Internet-enabled phones and typically provide Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) functions such as calendar functions, to-do books, address books, calculators, and notes. At first, the smartphone is a rare item and considered luxurious. However, the lack of community information about smartphone specs also greatly affects the selection of smartphones they will use. Smartphones have a variety of specifications such as processor speed, clear screen, battery life, camera strength, and storage space that makes people tend to be confused in buying a smartphone. For that people need a computerized system that can assist consumers in obtaining a decision to choose a smartphone that suits the wants and needs. Decision Support System (SPK) is a process of selecting alternative actions to achieve a specific goal or goal. SPK is used as a tool for decision-makers to develop decision-making capabilities, but not to replace judgments of decision makers. This SPK test uses Profile Matching Method by looking at the calculation of Criteria Weight Value, Calculation of Sub-Criteria Weight Value, Gap Value calculation, Core Factor and Secondary Factor calculation, and Total Value Ranking Calculation. The end result of this system is ranking the existing smartphone according to the criteria that the buyer has input.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets for Albendazole
Authors: Prasad Garrepally
Published: October 2023

The present work is to study the effect of various superdisintegrants on drug (Albendazole) by direct compression methods. The tablets were prepared by four super disintegrants, e.g; sodium starch glycolate, cross carmellose, cross povidone and L- subsituated hydroxyl propyl cellulose. The blend was examined for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, and hausner ratio. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, drug content and friability were found satisfactory. Albendazole is a bitter in taste. To prevent bitter taste of the drug formulated with a sweetener (Aspartame), a mannitol-based diluent. Taste evaluation was done by panel tasting.
Analiza konačnih rezultata popisa stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova 2002.
Authors: Marinković Ivan
Published: October 2023

Nema.
Application Effects of NNN-link Care Model in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Duan Wenjuan , Ren Baojun
Published: October 2023

Objective: To investigate the effect of a NNN-linked care model applied in elderly patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: A total of 120 elderly patients with coronary heart disease admitted to the hospital from January, 2023 to May, 2023 were randomly divided into two groups of 60 cases respectively. The control group received routine intervention, and the observation group received the NNN-linked care model. Changes in cardiac function, the ability for self-care, and quality of life were recorded between the groups before and after the intervention. Results: Indices of cardiac function in the observation group were higher than those of the control group after 3 weeks (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the total score for the ability for self-care and the scores of each dimension of the observation group were higher after 3 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). The scores of quality of life of the observation group were higher in comparison with the control group after 3 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of the NNN-linked care model to elderly patients with coronary heart disease can improve the ability for self-care, increase cardiac function and improve the quality of life.
The Value of Soluble ST2 in Predicting Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1 in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Hua Ying , Zhang Wei , Li Xiaofei
Published: October 2023

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2) for the development of Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS1) in patients with acute myocardial infarction during hospitalization. Methods: A retrospective study included 202 patients with acute myocardial infarction, divided into the CRS1 group (n = 61) and the Non-CRS1 group (n = 141) by the CRS1 occurrence. A logistic regression analysis was applied to find independent predictors of the CRS1 occurrence during hospitalization. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to analyze the predictive values of sST2, N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Result: The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sST2, NT-proBNP, eGFR, Multivessel coronary artery disease, and diuretic use were independent predictors of the CRS1 occurrence during hospitalization. Application of ROC curve analysis displayed that sST2 had the largest area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.874, sensitivity of 0.770, and specificity of 0.894; sST2, eGFR, and NT-proBNP as combined predictors had an AUC value of 0.908, sensitivity of 0.820, and specificity of 0.908. The ROC curves of sST2 and the combined predictive indices were compared using MedCalc software (version 19.6.3), and no statistically significant difference was found between the two (p = 0.142). The cutoff values of the three indicators were determined by the maximum Youden index. When sST2 ≥61.8 ng/mL, eGFR ≤80.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 and NT-proBNP ≥1525 pg/mL were classified as abnormal range, it was found that more number of abnormal indicators may be more advantageous of risk stratification in CRS1. Conclusions: sST2 can be used as a novel predictor of the CRS1 occurrence in patients with acute myocardial infarction during hospitalization. sST2, eGFR, and NT-proBNP combined may have better predictive value.
The Workshop on Making Grobogan Batik as an Effort to Preserve Indonesian Cultural Heritage by KKN UNS in Plosorejo Village, Grobogan
Authors: Zuhri Moh Sayful , Sahirul Alim Tri Bawono  , Ela Octafiyani  , Krisna Amanulloh Adi Wicaksono  , Joesephin Dwi Pramesthi  , Indah Nurkhasanah  , Karlindya Rahma  , Mathilda Bella  , Kresna Pandu Pratama  , Angga Judanto Mahendra  , Lukmaniyah Rizky Amalia
Published: October 2023

Plosorejo Village in Grobogan is one of the villages that initiated the production of Grobogan batik. However, public awareness and interest are still low, making the potential of batik Grobogan still hampered and has not been able to develop to its full potential. As a form of spreading the impact to the community, KKN Sebelas Maret University students planned a batik program training as a form of community service to the people in Plosorejo. Early planting of the interests and talents of children in Plosorejo can prevent the community from ignoring the community's ignorance of Indonesia's cultural heritage, namely Batik Grobogan. The Grobogan batik Making Training was held to provide opportunities for the people in Plosorejo to preserve the unique culture of Indonesia.
Pelatihan Microsoft Excel Menuju Dunia Professional Bagi Smk Putra Pertiwi Pamulang
Authors: Syihab Faizah , Harianti Ati
Published: October 2023

Pentingnya peran sumber daya manusia dalam kelangsungan suatu organisasi membuat pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam berbagai bidang menjadi krusial. Di antara keterampilan tersebut, kemampuan dalam mengolah data menggunakan aplikasi seperti Microsoft Excel memegang peranan penting, khususnya dalam mengorganisir dan menganalisis data berupa teks dan angka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan kepada  47 orang dari SMK Putra Pertiwi Pamulang, mengenai penggunaan Microsoft Excel dalam dunia kerja untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam pengolahan data. Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui media online Zoom. Metode pelatihan lebih menekankan pada praktik, dengan teori sebesar 30% dan praktik sekitar 70%. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan semangat tinggi dari para peserta selama pelatihan. Mereka aktif berpartisipasi dalam sesi tanya jawab dan pengerjaan praktik riil. Diskusi bersama narasumber juga berjalan interaktif, membantu peserta dalam memahami penggunaan Microsoft Excel dan pentingnya pembacaan data dan hasil output
Primary Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices for Boosting Students Creativity and Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Ahmad Mujtaba , Nishtar Zuhaib , Naz Dr. Farah Latif
Published: October 2023

Within the context of primary education,  teachers are essential in helping pupils in enhancing their creativity skills. The main goal of this study consisted to find out how  teachers felt about these skills, how important they were, and how they affected their teaching practices; to assess how these skills were used in the classroom; to ascertain whether the beliefs and practices aligned; and to offer recommendations based on the best available evidence. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study discovered that primary teachers regularly link their beliefs about the importance of creativity and critical thinking with the activities that take place in the classroom. Nonetheless, there are difficulties due to real-world limitations including resource scarcity and standardized testing. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to provide these abilities through resource allocation, continual professional development, and supportive learning environments in schools. Overall, the results demonstrate how important it is for primary teachers to have an impact on their children' cognitive development and provide guidance to stakeholders who want to improve critical thinking in primary education to meet today's learning objectives.
Niveles de ruido y fuentes asociadas en una unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal
Authors: Centeno Marmanillo Dery V. , Apac Ascaño Ana L. , Sánchez Tonohuye Julio C. , Raffo Neyra Milagro , Centeno Marmanillo Carlos A.
Published: October 2023

El ambiente de las unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal (UCIN) no está exento de estímulos nocivos (ruido, iluminación excesiva) para el recién nacido de alto riesgo, especialmente para su sistema nervioso en desarrollo.Es necesario conocer estas condiciones para brindar una atención integral, con menores riesgos adicionales a la patologia de fondo.Los objetivos del trabajo fueron determinar los niveles de ruido existentes en la UCIN del Hospital Santa Rosa y sus variaciones temporales y espaciales, así como la identificación de las fuentes de ruido. Para ello se realizaron mediciones de los niveles de ruido durante tres semanas, con un decibelómetro digital, en el ambiente de servo cunas y en el interior de incubadoras, en diferentes días y horas, precisando las fuentes de ruido.El nivel basal de ruido osciló entre 64 y 71 decibeles (dB) en el interior de las incubadoras, con un promedio de 68.12 dB y en el ambiente de servo cunas entre 62 a 76 dB, con un promedio de 68.67 dB. Se registró en promedio mayor intensidad de ruido los días de semana (72.99dB en el interior de incubadoras y 72.66 dB en el ambiente de servo cunas) respecto a los fines de semana (70.85dB y 71.50 dB respectivamente). Los niveles de ruido que superaron el promedio basal oscilaron entre 71 y 80 dB, con promedio de 74.2 dB en incubadoras y 75.4 dB en servo cunas, siendo las principales fuentes las asociadas al tráfico exterior (vehículos), a factores humanos y a equipos.Concluimos que los niveles de ruido están por encima de los recomendados para las UCINs (45 dB de día y 35dB de noche). Modificaciones en la conducta del personal, en equipos y procedimientos pueden disminuir los niveles de ruido. Siguen siendo un grave problema la contaminación acústica exterior.
Incidencia y factores de riesgo de la intimidación (bullying) en un colegio particular de Lima-Perú, 2007
Authors: Oliveros Donohue Miguel , Barrientos Achata Armando
Published: October 2023

Se estudió el bullying o agresión en 185 estudiantes comprendidos entre 4to de primaria y 5to de secundaria pertenecientes al CEP Jorge Polar del distrito de Pueblo Libre, Lima. El 54,7% de los encuestados mencionaron haber sufrido agresiones. El 91% señaló que el tipo más frecuente fue poner apodos. Se hicieron análisis univariados y bivariados. El único factor de riesgo que mostró asociación con bullying fue la falta de comunicación de las agresiones. La seguridad en el colegio apareció como factor protector. Se enfatizó el trabajo conjunto de padres y maestros en la construcción y fortalecimiento de valores para promover una cultura de paz.
Otimizando a saúde: o papel da medicina do estilo de vida no manejo da tireoidite de Hashimoto
Authors: Cavalcanti Mariana Cordeiro Neves
Published: October 2023

Introdução: A tireoidite de Hashimoto é caracterizada por uma inflamação crônica autoimune da tireoide e que atinge cerca de 5% da população adulta. Os sintomas associados, como fadiga, confusão mental, ganho de peso, edema, dores musculares e articulares, depressão e ansiedade, impactam significativamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O diagnóstico é confirmado pela presença de altos níveis de anticorpos peroxidase tireoidiana (ANTI-TPO), variáveis ao longo da vida, e o prognóstico é diretamente influenciado pela a eficácia diagnóstica e terapêutica. O tratamento padrão atual envolve reposição hormonal com levotiroxina, niveladas por exames de T4 e TSH. Apesar do tratamento, os pacientes enfrentam desafios em sua saúde. Dada a alta prevalência e o impacto na qualidade de vida, a Medicina do Estilo de Vida oferece uma perspectiva inovadora. Focando em atividade física, redução do estresse, sono adequado e conexões sociais, essa abordagem promissora busca melhorar o prognóstico e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, oferecendo soluções multifacetadas para o manejo da condição. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa explora a adaptação das estratégias da Medicina do Estilo de Vida para pacientes com tireoidite de Hashimoto, visando enriquecer práticas clínicas. Metodologia: Esta revisão bibliográfica analisou intervenções da Medicina do Estilo de Vida na tireoidite de Hashimoto, usando bases como PubMed, Google Scholar e Scopus para encontrar estudos relevantes publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Após seleção e análise crítica, a revisão destacou a eficácia dessas intervenções e identificou lacunas para pesquisas futuras. Resultados: A atividade física regular melhorou sintomas e qualidade de vida, incluindo benefícios cognitivos e emocionais. Estratégias de redução do estresse, como Mindfulness, diminuíram ansiedade e depressão, além de modular a resposta autoimune. Ademais, intervenções na qualidade do sono também aumentam energia e bem-estar. Apoio social sólido foi crucial, melhorando hábitos de vida e resiliência através de grupos de apoio. Assim, a Medicina do Estilo de Vida desempenha um papel vital no manejo da tireoidite de Hashimoto. Conclusão: Este estudo destaca a importância de uma abordagem holística no tratamento da tireoidite de Hashimoto, indo além da medicação. Profissionais de saúde devem integrar essas intervenções da Medicina do Estilo de Vida nos cuidados, otimizando resultados clínicos e qualidade de vida. Além disso, são necessárias mais pesquisas para compreender os mecanismos subjacentes a essas intervenções e desenvolver protocolos personalizados para atender às necessidades específicas de cada paciente.
Harmonic analogue of Bohr phenomenon of certain classes of univalent and analytic functions
Authors: Ahamed Molla Basir , Allu Vasudevarao
Published: October 2023

A class $ \mathcal {F} $ consisting of analytic functions $ f(z)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }a_nz^n $ in the unit disk $ \mathbb {D}=\{z\in \mathbb {C}:\lvert z\rvert <1\} $ is said to satisfy Bohr phenomenon if there exists an $ r_f>0 $ such that $$ \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\lvert a_n\rvert r^n\leq d(f(0),\partial \mathbb {D}) $$ for every function $ f\in \mathcal {F} $, and $\lvert z\rvert =r\leq r_f $. The largest radius $ r_f $ is known as the Bohr radius and the inequality $ \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\lvert a_n\rvert r^n\leq d(f(0),\partial f(\mathbb {D})) $ is known as the Bohr inequality for the class $ \mathcal {F} $, where $d$ is the Euclidean distance. In this paper, we prove several sharp improved and refined versions of Bohr-type inequalities in terms of area measure of functions in a certain subclass of analytic and univalent (i.e. one-to-one) functions. As a consequence, we obtain several interesting corollaries on the Bohr-type inequality for the class which are the harmonic analogue of some Bohr-type inequality for the class of analytic functions.
Attainable measures for certain types of $p$-adic Duffin-Schaeffer sets
Authors: Laursen Mathias L.
Published: October 2023

This paper settles recent conjectures concerning the $p$-adic Haar measure applied to a family of sets defined in terms of Diophantine approximation. This is done by determining the spectrum of measure values for each family and seeing that this contradicts the corresponding conjectures.
Lykke Per som Velfærdsroman
Authors: Blak Hjortshøj Søren
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article examines how Lykke-Per discusses the major social changes of this period in a Danish national context through the concepts of “welfare morality,” “welfare” and the synonymous term of happiness (lykke). The book’s two main characters, Per and Jakobe, are seen as exponents of two different understandings of welfare/happiness. Per’s introverted, ascetic preoccupation with finding his own identity and individual happiness, which is in many ways similar to the pietism from which he has been raised, is contrasted with Jakobe’s modern Jewish secular-oriented social engagement. The romance between the two main characters of the novel is seen in the light of Reading for Democracy scholarly research of recent years by which 19th century and early 20th century realist novels are viewed as “democratic imaginations” and horizons of expectation upon which the later Western democratic welfare societies have been built. Søren Blak Hjortshøj interprets the ideas behind Jakobe’s utopian asylum/orphanage for poor children that Jakobe sets up at the end of the novel as an early manifestation of welfare Pontoppidaniana nr. 1/2023 Søren Blak Hjortshøj · Lykke Per som Velfærdsroman ideas that only became reality much later in a Scandinavian context. Also, the article will argues that Jakobe’s microcosmos of the later Nordic welfare state is born out of contemporary debates on Velfærdsmorale which particularly were sparked and initiated by the founder of the Modern Breakthrough Movement, the Danish-Jewish intellectual Georg Brandes.
Hun var heltinden i “Lykke-Per”
Authors: Blüdnikow Bent
Published: October 2023

AbstractJakobe, the heroine of Henrik Pontoppidan’s novel Lykke-Per (A Fortunate Man), can have been built on a real life model. Jakobe in the novel shares a lot of traits with Hanna Adler, a Jewish lady living in Copenhagen 1859-1947 who, after an MA in Physics from University of Copenhagen opened a private school in Copenhagen. In this article, Bent Blüdnikow describes the interesting life of Hanna Adler, also the aunt of later Danish Nobel prize winner, physicist Niels Bohr.
Aneurysmal bone cyst arising from the surgically removed craniofacial fibrous dysplasia in the long-term follow-up: a case report
Authors: Baek Seungchul , Kim Byung Jun
Published: October 2023

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare skeletal disorder characterized by abnormal fibro-osseous connective tissue replacing normal bone. Despite its benign behavior, craniofacial FD can cause morphological disfigurement, headache, and even blindness as a result of the produced mass effect. Surgical resection is recommended when the patient shows apparent clinical symptoms or aggravating facial asymmetry. Postoperative complications have been reported, such as hematoma, surgical site infection, abscess formation, resorption of the bone graft used for reconstruction, and recurrence. An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare benign bony lesion that can occur secondary to preexisting bone tumor. Secondary ABCs in craniofacial FD are extremely rare in the literature, accounting for less than 30, all of which are either case reports or series. We report an extremely rare case of symptomatic secondary ABC arising from craniofacial FD that had been misdiagnosed with abscess formation or recurrence and was surgically removed. Notably, 17 years elapsed between the primary surgery and the complication of secondary ABC. The patient underwent total removal of secondary ABC. After surgery, symptoms were relieved, with no recurrence observed during a 6-month follow-up.
“Fearing your own queer self”: Depictions of Diasporic Queer Experience in Grace Lau’s Poetry
Authors: Antoniak Joanna
Published: October 2023

The intersection of migrant and queer experiences constitutes one of the core motifs of The Language We Were Never Taught to Speak (2021), the debut poetry collec- tion by Grace Lau, a Chinese Canadian poet. Through a series of interconnected vignettes, Lau provides an insight into her experiences as both a Canadian and a Chinese immigrant, a lesbian and a failed model child, an aficionado of traditional Chinese culture and an en- thusiast of contemporary Western popular culture. The mosaic of experiences illustrates the complexity and intricacy of the author’s identity/ies. Through the analysis of three poems (“The Levity,” “The Lies That Bind,” and “My Grief Is a Winter”), supported with references to the theoretical works on Asian North American writing and queer Asian mi- grant experience, the article discusses Lau’s depictions of queerness and her experiences as a Chinese immigrant in relation to the Canadian LGBTQ+ community, white queer liberalism, and internal politics of the Chinese diaspora. It proposes to see Lau’s poetry as an example of biomythography, a form of autobiographical writing showcasing how encounters with different communities shape the subject. In the process of disentangling her complex ties with the Chinese diaspora, the white Canadian LGBTQ+ community and her own family, Lau reveals the impact of her interactions with those different groups as she can finally express her identity as a queer Chinese Canadian.
Hellenic Language and Thought in Pre-Conquest England
Authors: Ponirakis Eleni
Published: October 2023

Bede, reflecting on the success of the Canterbury school set up by Theodore of Tarsus remarked: “some of their students still alive today are as proficient in Latin and Greek as in their native tongue” [trans. Colgrave and Mynors 1969, 335]. By the time we get to the court of Alfred two hundred years later, there had been a famous decline in learning from which Greek, as a language, had not yet recovered. However, there remained a strong interest in Greek as a sacred language in liturgies, prayers and magical charms, and later in hermeneutic poetry. Theodore’s influence was not limited to Greek Language, he also brought knowledge of Maximus the Confessor and Pseudo-Dionysius. The influence of Greek mystical theology would find fuller expression in the translations associated with the court of King Alfred via contact with the Carolingian court, but the seeds for this reception in England may already have been sown. This paper will outline the evidence for the use of Greek language in a variety of contexts, including a charm for the staunching of blood, and it will examine the extent of the influence of Greek patristic thinking in Old English texts including both clerical prose and secular poetry.
Perdón y memoria: oportunidades para la reconciliación. Una introducción
Authors: Amaya Santiago , Abitbol Pablo , Allais Lucy
Published: October 2023

In this introduction, we argue for a basic idea. Community-based spaces for promoting forgiveness and memory-making bear the promise of promoting some of the cultural transformations needed for thick, structural reconciliation. As we show by discussing some recent examples taken from the Colombian context of the past decade, these spaces do not compete, but actually complement a pragmatic, thin institutional design for reconciliation. This idea, as we discuss here, serves as the common thread connecting the articles in this special issue. The texts reflect on the practice of forgiveness and some of its specific contours in the context of the Colombian conflict.
Multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming reveals evidence of cell rejuvenation
Authors: Mitchell Wayne , Goeminne Ludger J.E. , Tyshkovskiy Alexander , Zhang Sirui , Paulo Joao A. , Pierce Kerry A. , Choy Angelina H. , Clish Clary B. , Gygi Steven P. , Gladyshev Vadim N.
Published: October 2023

Partial reprogramming by cyclic short-term expression of Yamanaka factors holds promise for shifting cells to younger states and consequently delaying the onset of many diseases of aging. However, the delivery of transgenes and potential risk of teratoma formation present challenges for in vivo applications. Recent advances include the use of cocktails of compounds to reprogram somatic cells, but the characteristics and mechanisms of partial cellular reprogramming by chemicals remain unclear. Here, we report a multi-omics characterization of partial chemical reprogramming in fibroblasts from young and aged mice. We measured the effects of partial chemical reprogramming on the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and metabolome. At the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome levels, we saw widescale changes induced by this treatment, with the most notable signature being an upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, at the metabolome level, we observed a reduction in the accumulation of aging-related metabolites. Using both transcriptomic and epigenetic clock-based analyses, we show that partial chemical reprogramming reduces the biological age of mouse fibroblasts. We demonstrate that these changes have functional impacts, as evidenced by changes in cellular respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, these results illuminate the potential for chemical reprogramming reagents to rejuvenate aged biological systems, and warrant further investigation into adapting these approaches for in vivo age reversal.
A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of a Drosophila immune peptide
Authors: Mullinax Sarah R , Darby Andrea M , Gupta Anjali , Chan Patrick , Smith Brittny R , Unckless Robert L
Published: October 2023

The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While immune genes are often among the fastest evolving genes in the genome, in
Drosophila
, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles are maintained in populations. In this study, we focus on the
Drosophila
antimicrobial peptide Diptericin A, which has a segregating amino acid polymorphism associated with differential survival after infection with the Gram-negative bacteria
Providencia rettgeri
. Diptericin A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common Drosophila gut microbes, especially those of
Lactobacillus plantarum
. In addition to genotypic effects on gut immunity, we also see strong sex-specific effects that are most prominent in flies without functional
diptericin A
. To further characterize differences in microbiomes between different
diptericin
genotypes, we used 16S metagenomics to look at the microbiome composition. We used both lab reared and wild caught flies for our sequencing and looked at overall composition as well as the differential abundance of individual bacterial families. Overall, we find flies that are homozygous for one allele of
diptericin A
are better equipped to survive a systemic infection from
P. rettgeri
, but in general have a shorter lifespans after being fed common gut commensals. Our results suggest a possible mechanism for the maintenance of genetic variation of
diptericin A
through the complex interactions of sex, systemic immunity, and the maintenance of the gut microbiome.
Post-transcriptional splicing can occur in a slow-moving zone around the gene
Authors: Coté Allison , O’Farrell Aoife , Dardani Ian , Dunagin Margaret , Coté Chris , Wan Yihan , Bayatpour Sareh , Drexler Heather L. , Alexander Katherine A. , Chen Fei , Wassie Asmamaw T. , Patel Rohan , Pham Kenneth , Boyden Edward S. , Berger Shelley , Phillips-Cremins Jennifer , Churchman L. Stirling , Raj Arjun
Published: October 2023

Splicing is the stepwise molecular process by which introns are removed from pre-mRNA and exons are joined together to form mature mRNA sequences. The ordering and spatial distribution of these steps remain controversial, with opposing models suggesting splicing occurs either during or after transcription. We used single molecule RNA FISH, expansion microscopy, and live cell imaging to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution of nascent transcripts in mammalian cells. At super-resolution levels, we found that pre-mRNA formed clouds around the transcription site. These clouds indicate the existence of a transcription site proximal zone through which RNA move more slowly than in the nucleoplasm. Full length pre-mRNA undergo continuous splicing as they move through this zone following transcription, suggesting a model in which splicing can occur post-transcriptionally but still within the proximity of the transcription site, thus seeming co-transcriptional by most assays. These results may unify conflicting reports of co-transcriptional versus post-transcriptional splicing.
Factors influencing the distribution of woody plants in tropical karst hills, south China
Authors: Hu Gang , Zhang Zhonghua , Wu Hongping , Li Lei
Published: October 2023

The seasonal rainforests distributed across the tropical karst hills of south China are of high biodiversity conservation value and serve many important ecosystem functions. However, knowledge surrounding distribution patterns of woody plants in tropical karst hills remains limited. In this study, we surveyed the distribution of families, genera and species of woody flora at four slope positions (depression, lower slope, middle slope, and upper slope), and analyzed the influence of topographic and soil variables on the distribution of woody plants in the tropical karst hills of south China. Forty forest plots (each 20 m × 20 m) contained 306 species of woody plants with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥1 cm, representing 187 genera and 66 families. As slope increased, the number of families increased slowly, and the number of genera and species followed a concave-shaped trend, with the lowest number of genera and species in the lower slope position. Differences in species composition were significantly stronger between slope positions than within slope positions. The topographic and soil variables explained 22.4% and 19.6%, respectively, of the distribution of woody plants, with slope position, slope degree, soil potassium and soil water content as the most significant variables. The results of generalized linear mixed model analysis showed that total R2 of fixed effects on variation of woody species richness was 0.498, and rock outcrop rate and soil total phosphorus were the best fitting effects. Our results help to explain the community assembly mechanism and to inform management and protection strategies for species-rich seasonal rainforests in the karst area.
The effect of core exercise program on vertical jump, speed, agility and strength parameters in junior male soccer players
Authors: Aslan Tahir Volkan , Kahraman Muhammed Zahit
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of core exercise program on vertical jump, speed, agility and strength parameters in junior male soccer players. In the study, pretest-posttest control group design, one of the experimental models of quantitative research method, was used. The experimental group of the study consisted of 12 male soccer players (X̄year: 12,16±,83) who underwent core exercise 3 days a week for six weeks in addition to regular soccer training, while the control group of the study consisted of 12 male athletes (X̄year: 12,25±,62) who underwent only regular soccer training. Leg strength, core strength, vertical jump, 30 m sprint and agility tests were administered to the athletes who voluntarily participated in the study before and after six weeks of training. The normality level of the data was determined by Shapiro-Wilk test. Independent Sample T Test for independent groups and Paired Sample T Test for dependent groups were used to analyze the normally distributed data. According to the findings of the study, there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test - post-test measurement values of all performance tests of the experimental group and core strength, vertical jump, 30 m sprint and agility tests of the experimental and control groups (p<0.05), while no significant difference was found in the control group (p>0.05). According to the results of the study, it can be said that the core exercise program applied to male football players has positive effects on the development of vertical jump, speed, agility and strength parameters.
Using the paired T-Test to compare suppliers
Authors: De Brito Caroline Soares , Silva Dayana Elizabeth Werderits , Aguiar Luiz Guilherme de Andrade , Abrãao Ricardo , Sampaio Nilo Antonio de Souza
Published: October 2023

The manufacture of industrial products requires rigorous quality, which is why they need to be in compliance. It is therefore essential that two different suppliers present products within the same specifications. The aim of this article is to show a case study carried out in a company in the south of the state of Rio de Janeiro, which used the Paired T Test to compare two types of foam for hospital mattresses. The results showed that supplier 1 produces a foam below the specified thickness of 11 cm while supplier 2 produces a foam within the specified value, so supplier 1 would be rejected and supplier 2's service would be used.
Assessing the Different Bio-priming Methods and Knowledge Dissemination through On Farm Trial in Salem District
Authors: Vijayan R. , Malathi G. , Kumar M. Vijaya , Devanand P. , Navamniraj K. Nelson , Tilak M.
Published: October 2023

One of the most important pre sowing seed improvement techniques for managing biotic and abiotic challenges is seed bio-priming, which ensures uniform stand establishment under adverse conditions. "Bio-priming" seed treatment combines biological (inoculating seeds with protective organisms) and physiological (hydrating seeds) components of vigour improvement, disease management. Recently, it has been employed as an alternate technique for not only to eradicate numerous soil- and seed-borne diseases but also improves the field establishment and vigour. In the current study, an On-Farm Trial bhendi seeds were soaked with two biopriming treatments Viz., (i) 10% Pseudomonas fluorecens, (ii) 10% Trichoderma viridi, for 6 hours followed by shade drying and sown in farmers' fields during kharif, 2020. Untreated seeds served as the control. The findings showed that 10% Pseudomonas fluorescens outperformed than Trichoderma and untreated seed in terms of yield (172.5 q/ha), net return (Rs. 2,58,750/ha), and benefit-cost ratio (2.59), The 10% Trichoderma primed seeds, which was the next-best treatment, had high yields, net returns, and BCR values of 169.8q/ha, Rs. 2,54,700/ha, and 2.56 respectively. So, it was concluded that bioprimingof seeds with 10% Pseudomonas fluorescens for six hours increased the production of bhendi. The dissemination of extension activities like training and method demonstration increased the understanding of farmers about biopriming from 5.4 to 52.5 percent.
Effect of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pavlou Vasiliki , Cienfuegos Sofia , Lin Shuhao , Ezpeleta Mark , Ready Kathleen , Corapi Sarah , Wu Jackie , Lopez Jason , Gabel Kelsey , Tussing-Humphreys Lisa , Oddo Vanessa M. , Alexandria Shaina J. , Sanchez Julienne , Unterman Terry , Chow Lisa S. , Vidmar Alaina P. , Varady Krista A.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Time-restricted eating (TRE) has become increasingly popular, yet longer-term randomized clinical trials have not evaluated its efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective

To determine whether TRE is more effective for weight reduction and glycemic control than daily calorie restriction (CR) or a control condition in adults with T2D.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This 6-month, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial was performed between January 25, 2022, and April 1, 2023, at the University of Illinois Chicago. Participants were aged 18 to 80 years with obesity and T2D. Data analysis was based on intention to treat.

Interventions

Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: 8-hour TRE (eating 12 to 8 pm only, without calorie counting), CR (25% energy restriction daily), or control.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome measure was change in body weight by month 6. Secondary outcomes included changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and metabolic risk factors.

Results

Seventy-five participants were enrolled with a mean (SD) age of 55 (12) years. The mean (SD) body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was 39 (7) and the mean (SD) HbA1c level was 8.1% (1.6%). A total of 53 participants (71%) were women. One participant (1%) was Asian, 30 (40%) were Hispanic White, 40 (53%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 4 (5%) were non-Hispanic White. Participants in the TRE group were adherent with their eating window on a mean (SD) of 6.1 (0.8) days per week, and 17 (68%) in the CR group were adherent with their prescribed calorie goals over 6 months. The mean (SD) reduction in energy intake was −313 (509) kcal/d for TRE, −197 (426) kcal/d for CR, and −16 (439) kcal/d for controls. By month 6, body weight decreased significantly in the TRE group (−3.56% [95% CI, −5.92% to −1.20%]; P = .004) but not the CR group (−1.78% [95% CI, −3.67% to 0.11%]; P = .06), relative to controls. Levels of HbA1c decreased in the TRE (−0.91% [95% CI, −1.61% to −0.20%]) and CR (−0.94% [95% CI, −1.59% to −0.30%]) groups, relative to controls, with no differences between the TRE and CR groups. Time in euglycemic range, medication effect score, blood pressure, and plasma lipid levels did not differ among groups. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions and relevance

This randomized clinical trial found that a TRE diet strategy without calorie counting was effective for weight loss and lowering of HbA1c levels compared with daily calorie counting in a sample of adults with T2D. These findings will need to be confirmed by larger RCTs with longer follow-up.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05225337
Achieving High Carrier Mobility And Thermal Stability in Plainified Rhombohedral GeTe Thermoelectric Materials with zT > 2
Authors: Zhang Min , Gao Ziheng , Lou Qianhui , Zhu Qi , Wang Jiangwei , Han Zhongkang , Fu Chenguang , Zhu Tiejun
Published: October 2023

GeTe is a very promising thermoelectric material, but the presence of massive intrinsic Ge vacancies leads to an overhigh hole concentration and poor thermal stability. Counter doping is commonly employed to reduce the hole concentration, which, however, unavoidably deteriorates the carrier mobility. Here, it is found that the intrinsic hole concentration in the rhombohedral phase is much lower than that in the cubic phase, owing to the higher formation energy of Ge vacancy in the former. With this recognition, the hole concentration of GeTe can be tuned to its optimum value simply by annealing below the phase transition temperature. As a result, “compositional plainification” is realized in the high‐performance GeTe‐based thermoelectrics with significantly reduced amounts of counter dopants and hetero‐alloys. A high carrier mobility of 150 cm2 V−1 s−1 is realized in GeTe at 300 K, which is much higher than that in conventional counter‐doped ones (≤60 cm2 V−1 s−1). More importantly, GeTe‐based compounds, with suppressed intrinsic vacancies, exhibit good thermal stability and reproducibility of thermoelectric performance. A high peak figure of merit, zT, of 2.14 at 670 K is obtained in Ge0.93Bi0.03Pb0.04Te. This work highlights the importance of understanding and regulating the intrinsic vacancy for high‐performance GeTe thermoelectrics.
Unveiling the Synergistic Potential of Laser Chemical Solid‐Phase Deposition of Atomic Platinum‐Metal Layer on 2D Materials for Bifunctional Catalysts
Authors: Yi Wendi , Yu Ruohan , Jiang Haoqing , Wu Jinsong , Cheng Gary J.
Published: October 2023

The formation of high‐density atomic metal layers on 2D materials enhances catalytic device development by providing a large surface area, precise control over active sites, and enhanced reactivity. Here, pulsed laser‐induced chemical solid‐phase deposition (LCSD) is introduced for achieving high‐density atomic metal layers. By leveraging high‐density plasma generated via pulsed nanosecond laser irradiation of thin salt layers on 2D materials, atomic‐scale metals are deposited onto abundant nucleation sites, creating dense atomic‐metal layers. This study engineers layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials layered with atomic platinum‐based alloys, exhibiting exceptional catalytic activity for overall water splitting. LDH's excellent oxygen evolution performance combined with remarkable advances in hydrogen evolution catalysis are achieved. Introducing a second element improves Pt layer dispersion and uniformity, resulting in extraordinary Pt distribution density and minimal overpotential. The LDH and Pt‐metal combination creates powerful synergistic effects, significantly enhancing catalytic performance and enabling superior bifunctional catalysts for water splitting. LCSD effectively fabricates stable nanocomposites designed for electrocatalytic applications, leveraging unique structures of atom‐scale metal‐supported composite 2D materials, enhancing overall electrocatalytic performance. This breakthrough impacts energy conversion and environmental protection, broadening electrocatalysis and revolutionizing atom‐scale metal‐supported composite 2D materials. Its practical applications span various areas, contributing to sustainable energy solutions and environmental preservation.
Electrospun Highly Aligned IGZO Nanofiber Arrays with Low‐Thermal‐Budget for Challenging Transistor and Integrated Electronics
Authors: He Bo , He Gang , Zhu Li , Cui Jingbiao , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo
Published: October 2023

Metal oxide field‐effect transistors (MOFETs) represent a promising technology for applications in existing but alsoemerging large‐area electronics. Simultaneously, the rise of 1D nanomaterials with unique properties, represented by nanofibers (NFs), has also energized research. Thus, developing 1D nanofiber networks (NFNs) to act as the potential building blocks for use in fundamental elements of transistors is considered to be a promising approach torealize high‐performance 1D electronics. However, high processing temperatures and disordered nanofiber distribution represent two remaining technical challenges. Here, electrospun highly aligned IGZO (a‐IGZO) nanofiber arrays with low‐thermal‐budget of 350 °C and impressive device characteristics are achieved, including a μFE of 5.63 cm2 V–1 s–1 and superior on/off current ratio of ≈107. When ALD‐derived high‐k HfAlOx thin films are employed as gate dielectrics, the source/drain voltage (VDS) can be substantially reduced by ten times to a range of only 03 V, along with a three times improvement in mobility to a respectable value of 15.9 cm2 V–1 s–1. Successful integrations of logic operation, sensor, and flexible devices implies the potential prospect of a‐IGZO NFN FETs in multifunctional electronics. The strategy for combining cryogenic processes and parallel arrays provides a feasible and reliable route in building future low‐power, high‐performance flexible electronics.
Low Oxygen Content MoOx and SiOx Tunnel Layer Based Heterocontacts for Efficient and Stable Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Approaching 22% Efficiency
Authors: Li Jingjie , Kang Qian , Wang Yanhao , Zhou Zixiao , Sun Zhaoqing , Zhang Hai , Lu Wanyu , Tao Xianglin , Zhang Shan‐Ting , Chen Xiaoqing , Zheng Zilong , Yan Hui , Li Dongdong , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: October 2023

In crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells, the hole transport layer (HTL) made of high oxygen content MoOx (x > 2.85, H‐MoOx) evaporating from molybdenum trioxide is not ideal due to low optical bandgap and interface reaction effects. This limits the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of c‐Si solar cells. To improve this, low oxygen content MoOx (x < 2.85, L‐MoOx) with a wide bandgap of 3.87 eV, deposited using molybdenum dioxide (MoO2), is explored and implemented. The c‐Si/SiOx (FGA, forming gas annealing)/L‐MoOx heterojunction has a low contact resistivity of ≈15.06 mΩ cm2, which is almost one order of magnitude lower than that of c‐Si/SiOx(FGA)/H‐MoOx heterojunction. Using L‐MoOx as the HTL, a c‐Si solar cell based on the SiOx passivation layer shows a fill factor of 84.38% and PCE of 21.75%, representing the highest efficiency for MoOx‐based p‐type c‐Si solar cells. Scanning transmission electron microscopy results show that the L‐MoOx HTL effectively enhances the stability of c‐Si solar cells when exposed to air by reducing Ag and Si element diffusion into MoOx. This successful preparation of efficient and stable MoOx HTL films, while preserving their field‐effect passivation ability, provides valuable insights into the development of high‐performance HTL.