bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp.: destroyer of mustard gas hydrolysis products
Authors: Medvedeva Nadezda , Polyak Yulia , Zaytseva Tatyana , Zinovieva Svetlana
Published: May 2007

A bacterial culture capable of utilizing products of mustard gas hydrolysis as a source of carbon was isolated from soil. This culture was tolerant to organochlorine substances in the hydrolysate. The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas sp. The bacterium utilizes the major product of mustard gas hydrolysis, thiodiglycol, through two pathways. One involves the oxidation of the primary alcoholic groups in thiodiglycol, yielding thiodiglycolic and thioglycolic acids. The cleavage of the C‐S bonds in these acids gives rise to acetate, which is then used further in the cell metabolism. The other pathway involves the cleavage of the C‐S bond in the thiodiglycol molecule, yielding β‐mercaptoethanol, which is transformed by Pseudomonas sp. into thioglycolic acid. The results show the promise of this bacterium for the bioremediation of mustard gas‐contaminated soils.
Oligonucleotide probes containing polylysine residues for fabrication of DNA chips on various solid surfaces
Authors: Levina Asya , Pyshnaya Inna , Repkova Marina , Rar Vera , Zarytova Valentina
Published: May 2007

Various materials, such as glass, plastic, metals, etc., are utilized for preparing DNA chips. In each particular case special approaches are used for immobilization of different oligonucleotide derivatives on the solid supports. We describe a general technique for DNA chips preparation on various unmodified surfaces using one type of oligonucleotide derivative, polylysine‐oligonucleotide conjugates (PL‐oligo). A long polyamine spacer in the PL‐oligo conjugates provides a durable irreversible non‐covalent immobilization onto a variety of solid supports and enough distance between oligonucleotides and the surface. The resulting DNA chips were shown to be useful for the detection of PCR DNA fragments and to be sensitive to single nucleotide discrepancies. They represent a promising instrument for revealing genetic diseases, genotyping viruses and bacteria, and for displaying their drug‐resistant strains.
Die Konstitution der Lacto‐Nneotetraose
Authors: Kuhn Richard , Gauhe Adeline
Published: May 2007

Die durch partielle Säurehydrolyse des pentasaccharids c erhaltene Lacto‐N‐neotetraose Kristallisiert aus Äthanol in der α‐From mit 3 Moll. Kristallwasser. Sie ist aus 1. Mol. Glucose, 2 Moll. Galaktose und 1 Mol. N‐Acetyl‐glucosamin aufgebaut. Auf Grund von_Ergebnissen der Hydrierung, Perjodatspaltung, Methylierung und partieller Hydrolysen kommt der Lacto‐N‐neotetraose die Formel 1 zu.
Chemical Introduction of Reactive Thiols Into a Viral Nanoscaffold: A Method that Avoids Virus Aggregation
Authors: Steinmetz Nicole F. , Evans David J. , Lomonossoff George P.
Published: May 2007

The use of viral nanoparticles (VNPs) as building blocks for material fabrication has received particular attention in recent years. In earlier studies we showed the applicability of native gel electrophoresis in an agarose matrix as a useful method for the characterization of chemically modified VNPs. Here, we extend these studies and analyze the observed band pattern of intact Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) VNPs in agarose gels and show the applicability of native agarose gels for monitoring interparticle linkage of thiol‐containing CPMV mutant particles. In addition, we report a protocol that allows the introduction of acetate‐protected thiols to CPMV by means of a chemical reaction (rather than genetic modification). The advantage of this approach is that, by incorporating protected thiol groups, the formation of disulfide bonds leading to interparticle linkage is prevented. The resulting thiol‐modified CPMV‐SHn particles are stable, and following deprotection, the introduced thiols are reactive and can be labeled with thiol‐selective reagents. They therefore provide a useful additional building block in the CPMV toolbox.
Researching clients' experiences: A review of qualitative studies
Authors: Hodgetts Alison , Wright John
Published: May 2007

This article aims to explore the role that clients play in research and how their experiences can contribute to psychotherapy process research. Following a broad outline of the findings of earlier process research, arguments why clients have not been at the forefront of researchers' methodologies are offered against those who recognize the value and importance of asking clients directly about their experiences. Examples of a range of studies are discussed where clients' views and experiences of different therapies, or where the individual components within a therapy, are the primary sources of data. Although this is the key focus, studies that consider the views of clients relating to more general areas of mental health are also referred to briefly. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychology services in psychiatric rehabilitation: Service user needs and staff perceptions
Authors: Berry Katherine
Published: May 2007

There is limited access to specialist clinical psychology services in psychiatric rehabilitation. The paper describes a needs assessment that informed decisions about the most effective way to use available psychology resources. The psychological needs of 24 service users residing in three rehabilitation units were assessed using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales. Managers and 12 members of staff were also interviewed to elicit their views about the psychologist's potential role. Across all services, there were high levels of unmet needs that could be addressed by psychological interventions. Psychological assessments would help identify which service users would benefit from interventions and should include neuropsychological measures. Staff also reported that they would benefit from consultation and training in psychological approaches. Although this way of working would increase access to psychological resources across the services, it would require commitment from managers towards psychological‐orientated models of care. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Brief Symptom Inventory: A validity study in two independent Scottish samples
Authors: Schwannauer Matthias , Chetwynd Phil
Published: May 2007

This study examines the validity and factor structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in two Scottish samples, using both confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The 53‐item checklist was administered to 161 primary care attenders and 459 clinical psychology patients. EFA revealed that only six factors can be found, as opposed to the nine factors suggested by the original authors. Approximately 40% of the variance is accounted for by one major factor, ‘Depression’. Further CFA of the factor structure demonstrated however, that the discriminating information provided by the dimensional subscales cannot be sufficiently explained by one single factor of general psychological distress. It is suggested that the BSI demonstrates some more limited differentiating qualities in separating essential dimensions in a three‐factor model of depression, anxiety and general psychological distress. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current‐mode filters based on current mirror arrays
Authors: Souliotis George , Haritantis Ioannis
Published: May 2007

A technique is proposed for obtaining current‐mode filters based on current mirror arrays that operate as unity gain current amplifiers. These amplifiers by properly driving capacitors realize active lossless integrators which are the basic active elements for the derivation of filters according to the leapfrog method. Due to the fact that both the structure of the amplifiers and the adapted method for filter design are simple, the proposed technique is attractive for filter design and implementation. A design and the implementation of two third‐order low‐pass filters are presented. The array of the amplifiers has been implemented in a 0.8 µm CMOS technology. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multicast protocol avoiding unnecessary data forwarding with source distinction in mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Shirasu Motoki , Tsutsui Yasuhiro , Murakami Takeshi , Sasase Iwao
Published: May 2007

In this paper, we improve On‐Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP), which is a multicast routing protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), and propose a new protocol decreasing the number of data forwarding without deteriorating communication reliability. The proposed protocol avoids unnecessary data forwarding by distinguishing each multicast source at every Forwarding Group (FG) Node used in ODMRP. Moreover, the proposed protocol utilizes Support Group (SG), which also distinguishes each multicast source, in order to retain substitute routes without any redundant data forwarding. Therefore, the proposed protocol can avoid deteriorating communication reliability. We evaluate the performance of ODMRP, ODMRP with SG, and the proposed protocol, and we show that the proposed protocol can decrease the number of data forwarding compared with the conventional protocols. We also show that the proposed protocol can restrain the deterioration of packet delivery ratio within allowable range except the case where the number of multicast sources and receivers is extremely large. Furthermore, we show that the proposed protocol can mitigate the deterioration of packet delivery ratio caused by traffic congestion in the case where the number of multicast sources is large. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(11): 36–47, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20382
Packet arrival interval (PAI)‐based time synchronization
Authors: Machizawa Akihiko , Iwama Tsukasa , Toriyama Hiroshi
Published: May 2007

Recently, in the fields of network measurement and distributed control, synchronization accuracy of better than microsecond order is required. For highly accurate time synchronization, the skew (the variation of the clock rate) and the queuing delay in the packet switching network constitute problems. In this paper, Packet Arrival Interval‐based time synchronization (PAI) is proposed. In the proposed system, based on the fact that the average arrival interval of the synchronized packets broadcast accurately at a certain interval is less likely to be affected by the queuing delay, the clock rate is accurately estimated. Also, the one‐directional delay from the master to each client can be calculated accurately from prior knowledge of the constituent elements of the LAN. Wide‐range synchronization is possible if the master is synchronized to GPS. An experiment confirms that synchronization accuracy of better than microsecond order can be realized even in the presence of cross traffic with a channel use rate of about 80%. In addition, the present system can be used even with small nodes such as a sensor network. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(11): 12–24, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20402
Lumped‐constant‐type optical modulator in the microwave band for digital terrestrial TV broadcasting
Authors: Haeiwa Kazuhisa , Toba Yoshikazu
Published: May 2007

Based on an optical modulator using the electrooptic effect of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) developed and productized in the UHF band (470 to 770 MHz), a lumped‐constant optical modulator with highly sensitive operation at microwave frequencies has been fabricated and tested and the possibility of realizability has been studied with a view to its application to digital terrestrial television broadcasting. The frequency ranges assigned for program transmission links for the digital terrestrial television broadcasting are 6 to 7 GHz and 10 GHz. Since a broad bandwidth (6 to 9 MHz) is available, various technological challenges must be overcome to assure a highC/N. Therefore, the system of the LN optical modulator and the modulation electrode structures have been fundamentally reconsidered, attaining aC/Nof about 25 dB as the target at 6 GHz. When theC/Nof the input signal is sufficiently high, theC/Nof the present system is determined by the input signal voltage to the LN optical modulator, or the optical modulation index. In a real system, a head amplifier with a gain of 20 dB or greater is inserted. Hence, it is considered sufficiently possible to assure aC/Ngreater than 45 dB (target value) as a system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(6): 1–9, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20341
On the Synthesis of Ramsdellite LiTiMO4 (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe): An Experimental and Computational Study of the Spinel–Ramsdellite Transformation
Authors: Kuhn Alois , Díaz‐Carrasco Pilar , Arroyo y de Dompablo María Elena , García‐Alvarado Flaviano
Published: May 2007

The LiTiMO4 (spinel) ↔ LiTiMO4 (ramsdellite) transformation has been investigated by combining computational and experimental techniques, for M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and Fe, in order to understand the characteristics of this transformation and the influence of the metal M on the relative stability of the ramsdellite polymorph. The calculations predict that all the aforementioned LiTiMO4 spinels are thermodynamically stable with respect to the ramsdellite polymorph, with the calculated enthalpy variation of the transformation being less than 40 kJ mol–1. In the case of normal spinels [Li]t[TiM]oO4 we estimated a transformation temperature in the range 900–1600 °C, whereas the polymorphic transformation for inverse spinels [Li0.5M0.5]t[TiM0.5Li0.5]oO4 is accompanied by a lower entropy gain, hence a much higher temperature would be needed to overcome the enthalpy of the transformation. The transformation is thus entropically controlled. Accordingly, experimental results show that normal [Li]t[TiM]oO4 spinels (M = Ti, V, Cr) readily transform into ramsdellites at temperatures between 900 and 1400 °C, whereas this transition is hindered for spinels LiTiMO4 (M = Fe, Mn), which possess a high degree of inversion. Based on a possible mechanism for the transformation, we infer that the impossibility of transforming the Mn and Fe inverse‐spinels into their ramsdellite forms is also due to the high energy barriers that must be overcome during the transformation. The obtained LiTiMO4 (M = Ti, V, and Cr) ramsdellites, which contain TiIV and MIII, display a twofold electrochemical application, namely that one lithium ion per formula unit can be inserted into these compounds at about 1.4 V vs. Li (reduction of TiIV to TiIII). The oxidation of MIII ions to MIV enables lithium deinsertion from LiTiMO4 (M = Ti, V, and Cr) at potentials of 1.9 V (M = Ti), 3.1 V (M = V), and 4.2 (M = Cr) vs. Li. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Hafnium Oxide Doped Mesostructured Silica Films
Authors: Supplit Ralf , Hüsing Nicola , Gross Silvia , Bernstorff Sigrid , Puchberger Michael
Published: May 2007

Hafnium oxide doped silica films with ordered mesostructures were produced with hafnium:silicon ratios between 1:60 and 1:6. A surfactant–hafnium alkoxide complex was synthesized and used as a template in a sol–gel dip‐coating process. Face‐centred orthorhombic, 2D centred rectangular and lamellar films were formed by evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA). The influence of subsequent heat treatment was studied by GISAXS and TEM. The surface and in‐depth molecular composition of the films was studied by XPS.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Analysis of Ras‐induced oncogenic transformation of NIH‐3T3 cells using differential‐display 2‐DE proteomics
Authors: Ji Hong , Moritz Robert L. , Kim Yu‐Sam , Zhu Hong‐Jian , Simpson Richard J.
Published: May 2007

Ras proteins control at least three crucial signalling networks responsible for several cellular processes including anchorage independence, survival, and proliferation. Point mutations in one of the three ras genes are frequent in human tumours. In these tumours, Ras oncoproteins contribute significantly to the malignant phenotype, including deregulation of tumour‐cell growth, apoptosis and invasiveness, and the ability to induce angiogenesis. Although significant strides have been made in understanding Ras biology, the collaborative actions of Ras effectors are still poorly understood. Here, we describe a proteomics approach to study global changes in protein expression in Ras‐transformed NIH3T3 cells. We exploited 2‐D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) for pre‐separation fluorescent protein labelling with three separate dyes to reduce gel‐to‐gel variability, to increase sensitivity and dynamic range of protein detection, and to enhance quantification of dysregulated proteins. Proteins dysregulated (> 1.5‐fold) by oncogenic Ras transformation reported to be implicated in Ras‐regulated pathways include S‐methyl‐5‐thioadenosine phosphorylase, stress‐induced‐phosphoprotein 1, galectin‐1, annexin A7 (synexin), 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0, serine/threonine protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1α) and prohibitin. Significantly, we report for the first time the expression of the newly discovered cytokine IL‐25 (or IL‐17E) in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and its down‐regulation (2.1‐fold) upon Ras‐induced oncogenic transformation.
Spatial and temporal calibration of Hargreaves equation for calculating monthly ETo based on Penman‐Monteith method
Authors: Fooladmand Hamid Reza , Haghighat Masoud
Published: May 2007

The Penman‐Monteith equation is the most common method for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo). However, this method needs full weather data, but few stations with complete weather data exist in Fars province in Iran. On the other hand, the Hargreaves equation is a simpler method for estimating ETo. In this study, using the weather data of seven synoptic stations in Fars province in Iran and seven synoptic stations outside the province, the Hargreaves equation was calibrated based on the Penman‐Monteith method for every month of the year and for a yearly time step. The results indicate that different coefficients should be used for each month of year and yearly time step instead of the original coefficient of 0.0023 in the Hargreaves equation. Therefore, it is possible to estimate monthly ETo by using the calibrated coefficients of the Hargreaves equation for different regions of Fars province for each month of the year. Also, according to the geographical locations of each station and by using the GIS‐assisted methods, spatial distribution maps of yearly calibrated coefficients in Fars province were prepared by the inverse distance square method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconciling inconsistent information: Impressions of personality from combinations of traits
Authors: Hampson Sarah E.
Published: May 2007

Research is described that examines the kinds of impressions formed from congruent and incongruent combinations of trait‐descriptive adjectives. Impressions formed from congruent traits are easier to imagine than impressions formed from incongruent traits. Descriptions of targets specified by congruent traits are more likely to be integrated (i.e. to relate one trait to the other), whereas descriptions of targets specified by incongruent traits are more likely to be aggregated (i.e. to retain both traits but fail to relate them). Using an approach from cognitive psychology for the study of conceptual combinations, the inheritance of attributes by trait combinations was examined. More congruent combinations than incongruent ones exhibited a pattern of complete attribute inheritance, in which behaviors rated as likely for at least one of the constituents were also rated as likely for the combination. These findings illuminate the dificulties in reconciling incongruent trait combinations. Incongruent combinations are less likely to generate impressions in which the two traits can be related, and consequently may result in representations that fail to incorporate all the attributes of each constituent.
Compacted UHMWPE fiber composites: Morphology and X‐ray microdiffraction experiments
Authors: Shavit‐Hadar Liron , Rein Dmitry M. , Khalfin Rafail , Terry Ann E. , Heunen Guido W. J. C. , Cohen Yachin
Published: May 2007

The effect of compaction conditions on UHMWPE fibers is examined by microbeam X‐ray diffraction (WAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphological observations indicate that melting occurs during compaction both on the surface of the fiber as well as in its internal regions. In addition, the recrystallized phase is nucleated on the fiber surface, possibly epitaxially. The recrystallized phase that originates from the internal regions of the fiber retains the initial highly oriented structure. WAXS microbeam measurements do not show any significant core‐shell structure in compacted single fibers. Considering the overall characteristics of the melting process during compaction, we can conclude that the hexagonal phase that appears upon heating of the fibers under moderate pressure is responsible for good adhesion of the fibers to each other, even more significantly than surface melting, especially because of its ability to retain the high orientation of the chains in the fibers. This information is relevant for understanding the formation and microstructure of the matrix component in the self‐reinforced composites fabricated by compaction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1535–1541, 2007
Crystallization studies of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) using thermal analysis and far‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Vasanthan Nadarajah , Yaman Mustafa
Published: May 2007

Crystallization of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) by annealing was examined using density measurement, differential scanning calorimetry, and far‐infrared spectroscopy (FIR). Crystallinity, measured by density, increased slowly up to the Ta of 185 °C and increases rapidly once Ta exceeds 185 °C. It was found that thermally induced crystallization is mainly temperature‐dependent above Ta = 185 °C and temperature‐ and time‐dependent below Ta = 60 °C. Two melting transitions, T and T, were observed for those samples annealed above 120 °C. No significant change in T was observed as a function of Ta while T showed strong dependency on Ta. Digital subtraction of the amorphous contribution from the semicrystalline FIR spectra provided characteristic spectra of amorphous and crystalline PTT. The bands at 373, 282, and 92 cm−1 were assigned to the crystalline phase, while the bands at 525, 406, and 351 cm−1 were attributed to the amorphous phase. It was shown that FIR spectroscopy can be used as a means to estimate the degree of crystallinity of PTT. The band ratio of 373 and 501 cm−1 was plotted against crystallinity measured by density and reasonably good correlation was obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1675–1682, 2007
Structural and electrical properties of LiBa2V5O15 ceramics
Authors: Behera Banarji , Nayak P. , Choudhary R. N. P.
Published: May 2007

A polycrystalline sample of LiBa2V5O15 (LBV) was prepared by a mixed‐oxide method at low temperature (560 °C). Preliminary structural analysis suggests that the compound has an orthorhombic unit cell and crystal structure. Scanning electron micrographs of the compound show a densely packed grain distribution over the entire surface of the sample. Detailed studies of the dielectric properties of the compound as a function of temperature at various frequencies suggest that the compound has a dielectric anomaly at 319 °C. Some electrical parameters of LBV were measured using a complex impedance spectroscopy technique in a wide range of temperature (24–500 °C). The complex impedance plots show that there are two major contributions of impedance, bulk (grains) and grain boundary, and there is a non‐Debye type of dielectric dispersion. The ac/dc conductivity was found to increase with increasing temperature. The activation energy of the compound was found to be 0.38 eV. This value of activation energy suggests that the conduction process is of mixed type (ionic–polaronic and space charge generated from the oxygen ion vacancies). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Local order in ZnGeP2:Mn crystals
Authors: Bacewicz R. , Pietnoczka A. , Gehlhoff W. , Voevodin V. G.
Published: May 2007

X‐ray absorption fine structure is investigated in ZnGeP2:Mn crystals at K‐edge of Zn, Ge and Mn. Both, the XANES and EXAFS results indicate that Mn atoms substitute on cationic sites in the chalcopyrite structure. It is, however, impossible to discriminate between MnZn and MnGe sites due to similar photo‐ electron scattering amplitudes of Zn and Ge atoms in the second coordination shell of Mn atom. The nearest‐neighbour distance Mn–P is up to 3% longer than the Zn–P bond length. The second‐ and third‐neighbour atoms were found to remain at distance close to the host lattice positions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Direct analysis of isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) in milk by high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bagnati Renzo , Bianchi Giancarlo , Marangon Elena , Zuccato Ettore , Fanelli Roberto , Davoli Enrico
Published: May 2007

A fast screening method is presented for detecting isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) contamination in milk. The method is based on direct high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) analysis of milk samples. Sample preparation is limited to the addition of a deuterated ITX solution in acetonitrile that serves both as internal standard and to precipitate proteins. The method is highly accurate and sensitive. Isomeric specific analyses of 2‐ITX and 4‐ITX are possible at 6 µg/L levels with about 5% precision and accuracy. This approach has been used to check contamination in samples like milk, soy milk, baby milk, in their packaging material. Out of 37 milk samples analyzed, 16 were positive with concentrations ranging from 173–439 µg/L for 2‐ITX and from <6 (lower than limit of quantification) to 25 µg/L for 4‐ITX. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable robust feedback control system design for unstable plants with input constraints using robust right coprime factorization
Authors: Deng Mingcong , Inoue Akira , Yanou Akira
Published: May 2007

A stable robust control system design problem for unstable plants with input constraints is considered using robust right coprime factorization of nonlinear operator. For obtaining strong stability of the closed‐loop system of unstable plants with input constraints, a design scheme of robust nonhyphen‐linear control system is given based on robust right coprime factorization. Some conditions for the robustness and system output tracking of the unstable plant with input constraints are derived. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On complete Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional techniques for uncertain systems with fast‐varying delays
Authors: Fridman Emilia , Niculescu Silviu‐Iulian
Published: May 2007

Stability of linear systems with norm‐bounded uncertainties and uncertain time‐varying delays is considered. The delay is supposed to be bounded and fast varying (without any constraints on the delay derivative).Sufficientstability conditions are derived by direct Lyapunov method based on thecomplete Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional(LKF). A novel complete LKF construction is presented: the derivative condition for the nominal LKF (i.e. for the LKF, which corresponds to the system with the nominal values of the coefficients and of the delay) depends on the ‘present’ state only. The comprehensive technique for stability analysis of uncertain time‐delay systems is extended to the case of complete LKF: the application of free weighting matrices (instead of descriptor model transformation) and of Jensen's inequality (instead of the cross‐terms bounding). Numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of the method, and complete the paper. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From music into silence: an exploration of music‐thanatology vigils at end of life
Authors: Cox Helen , Roberts Peter
Published: May 2007

Recently Helen Cox recorded a conversation with music‐thanatologist, Peter Roberts (Spirituality & Health International, 2006, Vol. 7, No. 1). This paper describes aspects of the findings from a multi‐method study into the effects of this work on six patients who were inpatients at St John of God Hospital in Geelong. A total of 21 live harp vigils were observed over a period of nine months. A researcher observed and recorded details of each vigil, interviewed patients, relatives, nurses and pastoral care staff, and recorded personal observations. The music‐thanatologist audiotaped reflections after each vigil. This paper describes findings from the perspective of patients. A key finding of this research is that music‐thanatology makes a profound difference to the way that people experience the end‐of‐life journey. The prescriptive live harp music vigils take people beyond the music into a silence that is deeply spiritual and profoundly comforting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bilateral avulsion of the puborectal muscle: magnetic resonance imaging‐based three‐dimensional reconstruction and comparison with a model of a healthy nulliparous woman
Authors: Otcenasek M. , Krofta L. , Baca V. , Grill R. , Kucera E. , Herman H. , Vasicka I. , Drahonovsky J. , Feyereisl J.
Published: May 2007

Objectives

Obstetric trauma to the puborectal muscle seems to be an important cause of pelvic floor dysfunction in women. Due to the complicated three‐dimensional (3D) arrangement of the pelvic structures, two‐dimensional images are not sufficient to demonstrate its relationships in a complex fashion. Thus, we aimed to create a 3D computer model to visualize the normal female pelvic floor anatomy and to compare this with the anatomy after bilateral avulsion of the puborectal muscle following delivery.

Methods

We created two 3D computer models of the female pelvic floor, one of a healthy nulliparous woman and the other of a woman with bilateral puborectal muscle avulsion after vaginal delivery. The data for the models were obtained from magnetic resonance imaging examinations and the following structures were depicted: pelvic bones, puborectal muscle, internal obturator muscle, urethra, urinary bladder, vagina and rectum. The models were compared.

Results

The models allowed us to demonstrate in three dimensions changes in the puborectal muscle after avulsion. Its relations to the bone, internal obturator muscle, perineal membrane and the deep part of the external anal sphincter were modeled and differences from the normal non‐injured anatomy were demonstrated. Avulsion altered the support to the whole endopelvic fascia and destabilized both the anterior and the posterior vaginal walls.

Conclusions

The use of 3D technology including modeling allows for the acquisition of new knowledge and aids in the understanding of both normal and pathological pelvic anatomy. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Theory of Thin Airfoils in Nonequilibrium Ideal Fluids
Authors: Dragoş L.
Published: May 2007

In this paper the solution of thin airfoils problem in nonequilibrium ideal fluids is given. No use of the distribution theory as in Homentcovschi solution [1] is done. In the frozen subsonic case the boundary value problem is reduced to the integral equation (12) which is asymptotically integrated for τ ≫ 1. In the frozen supersonic case the boundary value problem is reduced to the integral equation (25) which is solved exactly. The solution for the motion in the presence of an infinite wall is given too.
Zur Regularität von Finite Element‐Transformationen zweiter Ordnung
Authors: Gründemann H.
Published: May 2007

Regularitätsbedingungen für Finite Element‐Transformationen vierseitiger 8‐Knoten‐Elemente werden aus Abschätzungen der Funktionaldeterminante hergeleitet. Darüber hinaus sind diese Abschätzungen für Konvergenz‐ und Approximations‐untersuchungen nützlich. Neben analytischen Formeln, die direkt in EDV‐Programmen auswertbar sind, stehen geometrische Deutungen zur Elementregularität im Mittelpunkt.
Numerical Maximization of Derivatives by Successive Polynomial Interpolation
Authors: Van Griend J. A. De
Published: May 2007

A general class of numerical methods for maximizing derivatives of a real function in one variable is presented. These methods (the so‐called SPI methods) are based on successive polynomial interpolation. Our class includes known methods of Tamir and of Brent. In this paper we derive the order of convergence of the general SPI‐methods, thus generalizing related convergence results for some special methods obtained before by Brent, Burmeister, Schmidt and Tamir.
The Interaction Energy between a Spheroidal Defect and the Surface of an Elastic Solid
Authors: Loges F. , Michel B. , Christ A.
Published: May 2007

This paper deals with the mechanical interaction of volume defects with the surface of a solid. As defects spheroids are used. It is possible to calculate the elastic energy in dependence on shape, size and orientation of the defect.
Fundamental Solutions of the Linear Elastostatics Equations of the Isotropic and Homogeneous Bodies with Microstructure Having a Symmetric Stress Tensor
Authors: Crâciun I. , Crâciun A.
Published: May 2007

In this paper the linear theory of the elastostatics of the homogeneous and isotropic bodies with microstructure having a symmetric stress tensor is considered. The matrix of fundamental solutions ℐ(x, y) of the operator A(∂/∂x) governing this theory is deduced. The stress operator ℐ(∂/∂x, n(x)) is introduced and the expression of the matrix ℐ(∂/∂x, n(x)) Γ(x, y) is given. Finally, some properties of the matrix λ(x, y) = t(ℐ(∂/∂y, n(y)) ℐ(y, x) are given.
Boundary Integral Formulation of Crack Problems
Authors: Sládek V. , Sládek J. , Balaš J.
Published: May 2007

In this paper the non‐perturbative theory of crack dislocations is developed on the basis of an advanced boundary integral formulation of crack problems. The distribution of crack dislocations is determined by the boundary integro‐differential equations derived from the regularized integral representation of the stress field. The method is applicable to the cracked body with any crack profile and the topics discussed include the formulation of cracks problems in: (i) elastostatics; (ii) elastodynamics; and (iii) thermoelasticity.
A Comparative Survey of Numerical Methods for the Linear Generalized Abel Integral Equation
Authors: Te Riele H. J. J. , Schroevers Ph.
Published: May 2007

A numerical comparison is made between a number of important representatives of the following classes of methods: (i) collocation, (ii) product integration and (iii) global methods. Special attention is paid to the performance of these methods for problems with a non‐smooth solution. It turned out that, when only relatively low accuracy is required, a good choice would be a second or third order collocation method of Branca. — A new collocation method which accounts for possible non‐smoothness of the solution near the origin, turned out to be advantageous when high accuracy is required, both for problems with a non‐smooth solution, and for problems with a smooth solution.
Zur Berechnung der Fredholmschen Eigenwerte ebener Kurven
Authors: Kühnau R.
Published: May 2007

Es wird ein Verfahren zur numerischen Berechnung der Fredholmschen Eigenwerte ebener Jordankurven beschrieben. Für einige spezielle Kurven werden die exakten Eigenwerte angegeben.
Description of Initial and Subsequent Yield Surfaces
Authors: Gupta N. K. , Meyers A.
Published: May 2007

A function of second and third invariants of the translated deviator stress tensor is proposed for the description of experimentally observed deviations from the von Mises ellipse in the initial yield surface, as well as from translation, rotation or change in size and shape of a subsequent yield surface. Application of the proposed relation is demonstrated by comparing it with some experimental data taken from the literature.
Erweiterung der Bewegungsgleichungen von Mehrkörpersystemen zur Berücksichtigung von Reibung und Regelung
Authors: Schwertassek R. , Türk S.
Published: May 2007

Mehrkörpersysteme sind die zur Untersuchung vieler Fragestellungen aus Raumfahrt, Maschinendynamik, Fahrzeugtechnik, und Robotik geeigneten mechanischen Ersatzmodelle. Die Erstellung der Bewegungsgleichungen solcher Systeme ist arbeitsintensiv und wird heute meistens durch Rechner unterstützt. Ein rechnerorientiertes Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Bewegungsgleichungen wird hier mit dem zugehörigen Programm vorgestellt. Erweiterungen zur Behandlung von Systemen mit Reibung und Regelung werden angegeben, und die Arbeitsweise des Programms wird an einem einfachen Beispiel demonstriert.
Effect of Prestress on Pulse Waves in Arteries
Authors: Demiray H. , Erbay H. A. , Erbay S.
Published: May 2007

In order to understand the effect of initial stresses on the blood flow in arteries, a theoretical analysis of wave propagation in an initially inflated and axially stretched thick cylindrical shell filled with a viscous fluid is investigated. For simplicity in mathematical analysis, the blood is assumed to be an incompressible Newtonian fluid while the arterial wall material is taken to be incompressible, homogeneous, isotropic and elastic. Utilizing the theory of small deformations superimposed on a large initial deformation, the governing differential equations of the perturbed solid motions are obtained in cylindrical polar coordinates. Because of the difficulties in solving the set of differential equations with variable coefficients, an approximate power series method is utilized and the dispersion relation is obtained for thin tubes. Various results concerning the wave speeds and transmission coefficients are numerically evaluated and the results are depicted on some graphics.
Dynamics of Linear Elastic Structures with Selfstress: A Unified Treatment for Linear and Nonlinear Problems
Authors: Irschik H. , Ziegler F.
Published: May 2007

A semi‐numerical method for the solution of dynamic problems of linear and nonlinear structures is presented under the unifying aspect of sources of self‐stresses. Conceptually applications are possible to the Finite Element and the Boundary Element Method in time as well as in the frequency domain. In addition to physical nonlinearities of viscoplasticity also geometrically nonlinear problems are considered. Effects of refined linear theories are discussed.
Transient Wave Motions Due to an Asymmetric Shear Stress Discontinuity in a Layered Elastic Medium
Authors: Maiti N. C. , Debnath L.
Published: May 2007

A study is made of the generation and propagation of transient wave motions in a layered elastic medium due to an asymmetric discontinuity of shear stress acting over a finite circular region at the interface of the composite medium. The problem is solved by the joint Laplace and Hankel transforms combined with Cagniard's method for exact evaluation of the integral solution. Surface P‐ and SV‐ wave motions are obtained in closed form assuming both dilatational and shear wave velocities are equal in the top finite layer and in the half space. On the other hand, SH‐wave motion for the general case is expressed in a series, each term of which is evaluated exactly by Cagniard's method. It is shown that the solution is oscillatory in nature and the number of oscillations increases with increasing asymmetry and decreasing ratio of the thickness of the upper layer to the radius of the circular region of the applied stress distribution. Some numerical calculation is carried out to investigate the nature of the displacement field as well as the reflected pulses. Numerical results are graphically presented in three diagrams.
Multiaxial Anisotropic Creep Behaviour of Rolled Sheet‐Metals
Authors: Betten J. , Brettbach G. , Waniewski M.
Published: May 2007

Multiaxial creep behaviour is analysed within an invariant formulation of the secondary creep constitutive equations for orthotropic solids, developed in the framework of the theory of tensor function representations. The biaxial tension method is improved in order to determine complex stress state in specimen of orthotropic rolled sheet‐metal. The shape of the specimen is taken into account with respect to the uniform stress state by applying the finite element codes.
On the Elastic‐plastic Shrink Fit with Supercritical Interference
Authors: Gamer U. , Müftü S.
Published: May 2007

Shrink fits with perfectly elastic‐plastic hub material cannot be treated with the help of Tresca's yield criterion, if the ratio of outer and inner diameter as well as the interference exceed certain limits. For linear hardening material, however, a solution exists for all radii ratios. It is shown that, for small hardening, the material in the neighbourhood of the interface undergoes a twofold change of the yield condition.
Shape Variations for Viscoelastic Solids Under Transient Response
Authors: Meric R. A.
Published: May 2007

Sensitivity expressions for a general performance criterion (cf. an integral functional) with respect to shape have been derived for viscoelastic solids under transient response. Differential and integral types of constitutive equations are considered in the study, in which a continuum approach is adopted. By using the material derivative concept and the adjoint variable method the sensitivity of the general integral functional is obtained in terms of primary and adjoint functions. A simple example problem is also provided to check the results by comparing them with those found by a direct differentiation.
Porous Rayleigh Step Bearing with Second‐Order Fluid
Authors: Bujurke N. M. , Naduvinamani N. B. , Jagadeeswar M.
Published: May 2007

The theoretical analysis of a porous Rayleigh Step bearing lubricated by a second‐order fluid is considered. An approximate method for the solution of the governing fluid film equations and Darcy's equations for a porous region is proposed. Compact expressions for the pressure distribution, load capacity and the frictional coefficient are obtained. Calculations of the dimensionless load capacity, frictional force and frictional coefficients are presented for specific values of the material parameters. It is found that the load carrying capacity decreases and the frictional force and frictional coefficients increase compared to that of the solid case. The maximum dimensionless load capacity is found to occur at a slightly smaller step ratio as compared to the solid case. It is of quite interest to note that the limiting forms of the expressions obtained approach the exact forms of the results of the Newtonian case quoted in detail in Hughes [15].
Singularities of Rotationally Symmetric Solutions of Boundary Value Problems for the Lamé Equations
Authors: Beagles A. E. , Sändig A.‐M.
Published: May 2007

We apply the theory of elliptic boundary value problems in non‐smooth domains with conical points to rotationally symmetric solutions of boundary value problems for the Lamé equations. The resulting expansion involves singular vector‐functions which, in turn, depend on a parameter, α. We here present equations which determine the values of α for either stress‐free or Dirichlet boundary conditions. We give a numerical algorithm whereby α can be computed and present some plots of the values obtained. The singular vector‐functions are given explicitly and we present equations for the computation of the coefficients of the expansion.
Shear Waves in Nonhomogeneous Multi‐Storeyed Buildings
Authors: Mioduchowski A.
Published: May 2007

In the paper the continuous model of a nonhomogeneous multi‐storeyed building is considered. The method of dynamical analysis is based on the theory of propagation of one dimensional shear elastic waves. Detailed discussion is presented for a nonhomogeneous three storey building, and final equations for a nonhomogeneous N storey building are given. Some numerical results are presented graphically for a three storey building.
Das Driftmodell für Fließgewässer mit Schwebstoffen
Authors: Förste J.
Published: May 2007

Ausgehend vom Driftmodell für Zweiphasenströmungen wird für fließende Oberflächengewässer mit stofflichen Beimengungen ein Rand‐Anfangswertproblem formuliert. Für dieses läßt sich die eindeutige Lösbarkeit nachweisen. Dabei konvergiert das Galerkinverfahren für zwei‐ und dreidimensionale Strömungen unter unterschiedlichen Bedingungen. Für zweidimensionale Strömungen kann die Existenz eines Attraktors nachgewiesen werden, seine Hausdorffsche Dimension läßt sich durch gegebene Ausgangsgrößen abschätzen.
Approximate Bases for Boundary Value Problems and Applications to MID‐Techniques
Authors: Abhari H. , Grossmann C.
Published: May 2007

Numerical methods for solving boundary value problems are based on the piecewise simplification of the related linear differential operator. Truncated Taylor expansions are considered as special realizations of the proposed method. Finally, the given approach is adapted to enclosing techniques.
A Grade Consistent Micropolar theory of Thermoelastic Materials with Voids
Authors: Scalia Å
Published: May 2007

We derive a linear grade consistent micropolar theory of thermoelastic materials with voids, with the help of an entropy production inequality proposed by GREEN and LAWS. Some theorems (uniqueness and reciprocal) are established.
Variational Formulation of the Crack Problem for an Elastoplastic Body at Finite Strain
Authors: Stumpf H. , Le K. C.
Published: May 2007

Within the framework for finite strain elastoplasticity a new formulation of the boundary value problem for an elastoplastic cracked body by a variational inequality is proposed. A well‐posed system of governing equations and boundary conditions derived from this variational inequality enables us to determine the location as well as the preferred direction of propagation of the crack. It is shown that the variational inequality of evolution along with the non‐holonomical constraints can be used to formulate the dynamic problem for a thermoplastic cracked body.
Resonance in a Rigid Rotor with Elastic Support
Authors: Ruijgrok M. , Tondl A. , Verhulst F.
Published: May 2007

A model is formulated for a rotor with elastic support in axial and lateral directions which leads to the problem of stability of small vertical oscillations in the upright position. This is an autoparametric excitation problem which can be formulated as two coupled Mathieu‐like equations. The analysis of the cases without and with (linear) damping and the case of nonlinear damping is carried out using averaging and numerical bifurcation techniques leading in the nonlinear case to hysteresis and phase‐locking.
A Note on the Analytical Resolution of a Nonhydrostatic Standing‐Wave Eigenvalue Problem for a Parabolic Basin
Authors: Lundberg P.
Published: May 2007

The eigenvalue problem determining the periods of slightly nonhydrostatic standing waves in a basin with parabolic bottom profile has previously been resolved using Frobenius series representations of the solutions in conjunction with boundedness conditions at the basin endpoints. Here it is shown that by subjecting the governing equation to a Benjamin‐Bona‐Mahony transformation the problem is considerably simplified and that the range of validity of a simple power series solution exceeds the one previously obtained.
On Formulations of Vorticity Systems for a Viscous Incompressible Flow with Numerical Applications
Authors: Ruas V.
Published: May 2007

The aim of this work is to present a series of analytical and numerical results related to vorticity formulations of the systems describing the motion of an incompressible viscous fluid. A rigorous variational framework for the two‐dimensional Stokes system is used as a basis in both the stream function‐vorticity and the velocity‐vorticity formulations. It is shown that this allows in particular a decoupled numerical solution method for the former formulation yielding optimal convergence results. On the other hand a new finite element scheme is proposed for the latter and illustrated by computer results. Finally a study on the velocity‐vorticity formulation in three dimensional space is carried out.