bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery Perforator Flaps for Unilateral Breast Reconstruction—A Case Report
Authors: Oleck Nicholas C. , Morris Miranda X. , Lane Whitney O. , Phillips Brett T.
Published: November 2024

Thigh‐based free flaps are a common second‐line options in autologous breast reconstruction when the abdominal donor site is unavailable. While the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap and gracilis‐based flaps are most commonly utilized in this scenario, certain anatomic variations may favor alternative flap selection. One such option is the medial circumflex femoral artery perforator flap (MCFLAP). This report describes a case of a 60‐year‐old patient with a history of abdominoplasty and left breast cancer who underwent skin sparing mastectomy, adjuvant radiation, and ultimately, unilateral autologous breast reconstruction using stacked MCFLAPs. While PAP flaps were initially considered, preoperative CT imaging revealed large septocutaneous perforators originating from the MCFA system, bilaterally. The flaps were designed and harvested on these perforators and weighed 335 g on the right and 355 g on the left. The internal mammary system was accessed at the level of the third rib, and the anterograde and retrograde artery and vein were used as recipient vessels. The patient did not experience any complications postoperatively. A revisionary and symmetrizing procedure was performed several months later, and at 18 months, the patient had completely healed and reported satisfaction with the reconstruction. In addition to a detailed case description, the purpose of this report is to provide a review of the available literature on the MCFLAP including the anatomy, indications, and potential benefits and downfalls of this rare perforator flap. While the PAP flap is our preferred second‐line option for autologous breast reconstruction, it is important to be aware that in some instances the more suitable perforators may be arising from the MCFA system. In such cases, the MCFLAP should be considered.
CABS1 Is Essential for Progressive Motility and the Integrity of Fibrous Sheath in Mouse Epididymal Spermatozoa
Authors: Zhao Xiuling , Zhou Wenwen , Nie Junyu , Zhang Xiaoning , Zeng Xuhui , Sun Xiaoli
Published: November 2024

The calcium‐binding protein spermatid‐associated 1 (CABS1) localizes to the principal piece of mature sperm flagella. Deletion of CABS1 results in subfertility in male mice, possibly due to an impaired annulus in the sperm flagella. However, it is unknown whether there are other mechanisms by which CABS1 affects male fertility. Our current investigation has uncovered that CABS1 is located in the midsection of the flagellum in testicular sperm and the principal piece in epididymal sperm. Moreover, male mice lacking CABS1 exhibit a defect in the progressive motility of sperm. Furthermore, the regulation of calcium levels, which has been reported to have a significant impact on sperm motility, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction, is also affected when sperm are exposed to alkalized high‐salt buffer (pH 8.0) and progesterone (100 μM) in Cabs1‐null spermatozoa. This alteration in calcium response may contribute to changes in the phosphorylation of PKA substrates and subsequent phosphorylation of tyrosine residues. Additionally, the absence of CABS1 leads to a defective fibrous sheath and abnormal configuration of doublet microtubules in post‐testicular sperm. These findings indicate that the absence of CABS1 also disrupts the structural integrity of the fibrous sheath, resulting in male subfertility. The highly conserved nature of CABS1 in humans suggests that it could potentially be a contributing factor to asthenozoospermia in men.
LUTS in Older Adults: Definitions, Comorbidity Impact, Patient Priorities, and Treatment Strategies for Managing Daytime and/or Nighttime Symptoms ‐ ICI‐RS 2024
Authors: Van Huele Andries , Everaert Karel , Gibson William , Wagg Adrian , Abrams Paul , Wein Alan , Bower Wendy F.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are prevalent among older adults, a population that faces multiple medical challenges, with frailty being a major concern. Despite the high prevalence of LUTS, current treatment strategies for older adults are often inadequate. This paper aims to address these issues by defining daytime and/or nighttime LUTS and examining the impact of comorbid conditions on these symptoms. We will identify the priorities of older patients regarding LUTS management and propose treatment strategies to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Methods

This review is based on discussions at the ICI‐RS 2024 meeting in Bristol, UK, alongside an extensive literature review examining LUTS in older adults. The review explores distinctions between daytime and nighttime symptoms, the impact of frailty, patient priorities, treatment strategies and the role of comorbidities.

Results

LUTS in older adults present a complex and multifaceted challenge, with notable differences between daytime and nighttime manifestations, which may coexist. Clear definitions are needed. There is a lack of evidence that treating associated comorbidities will improve LUTS or urinary incontinence. Personalized care approaches, integrated into broader geriatric health strategies, are essential for addressing these symptoms. An ideal treatment strategy is proposed, focusing on daytime, nighttime or combined day‐ and nighttime LUTS. Further research is needed to refine treatment pathways and optimize outcomes for this population.

Conclusions

A comprehensive, individualized approach is necessary to address LUTS in older adults. Future research should focus on refining diagnostic definitions, exploring the interplay between comorbidities and LUTS, and developing patient‐centered treatment strategies that account for both daytime and nighttime (or combined) symptoms.
Geometric morphometric approach to dental health in an 18th‐ to 19th‐century English infirmary
Authors: Terpstra Ellie Jo , Price Max , Caffell Anwen Cedifor
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated correlations between poor dental health and craniomandibular morphology for the Radcliffe Infirmary population buried between 1770 and 1855. The Radcliffe Infirmary is situated in Oxford, 90 km northwest of London, in what used to be a rural area. The original report for this population observed high prevalence rates of dental caries, antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), and periodontal disease. Industrial societies are acknowledged to have highly processed foods that not only are detrimental to dental health but also require less mastication. This softening of diet is suggested to be the leading influence on the modern morphology of the skull. By using two‐dimensional geometric morphometrics (GM) and linear measurements of the skull, the Radcliffe population was evaluated for the effects of poor dental health and decreased wear on the masticatory structures. High frequencies of AMTL, periodontal disease, and caries and low amounts of dental wear were observed in this sample population. Caries and AMTL showed weak correlations with skull shape and craniomandibular dimensions according to the results of the morphometric analysis and Kendall's tau. Dental wear correlated with a wide bizygomatic breadth and a long narrow skull shape for the males only. Periodontal disease was the only dental health variable not correlated with shape or size. This study confirmed that the Radcliffe population ate a cariogenic diet and suggests that dental wear and pathology weakly correlates with craniomandibular shape and size. This unpredicted finding may be due to the limitations of two‐dimensional shape analysis, a small sample size, and the sampling strategy. Future research is highly encouraged to better understand the consequences of poor dental health for skull morphology.
Comparison of Swallowing Measures to Patient‐Reported Dysphagia Symptoms in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Delaney Timothy , McCarroll Liane , Ebersole Barbara , Palladino Olivia , Donocoff Kathleen , Lango Miriam , Liu Jeffrey C.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Head and neck cancer affects patient swallowing function. We set out to examine how objective measures of swallowing compare against subjective patient‐reported outcomes in a cohort of head and neck cancer patients.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of data collected from a large dysphagia HNC registry.

Setting

Tertiary Academic Cancer Center.

Methods

Between 2006 and 2019, objective measures of swallowing as scored on Modified Barium Swallow Study or Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing and subjective measures using the SWAL‐QOL were collected. Objective measures were scored by the Penetration‐Aspiration Score (PAS); subjective measures were assessed by the Dysphagia Domain Score (DDS), collectively forming paired data points. Data on tumor site, T‐stage, and treatment modality was collected and evaluated.

Results

A total of 253 paired data points were included in this study. A statistically significant relationship between PAS and DDS was observed across all patients (P < .05, chi sq). When stratified by tumor subsite, PAS and DDS relationships were strongest for oral cavity. When stratified by AJCC T‐stage, T4 tumors had the strongest relationship between PAS and DDS. The relationship of PAS and DDS was less congruent the further removed from treatment completion.

Conclusion

Objective and subjective measures of swallowing provide complementary evaluations of swallow function. The congruency of assessment varies by T stage and tumor subsite. Physicians and allied health professionals can use this information to better understand the value and limitation of objective and subjective swallowing assessments in evaluating head and neck cancer patients.
From Textile and Mine Waste Into Sustainable, Low‐Cost and Valuable Nanotextile Fabric‐Based Composites Through Electrospinning Technique
Authors: Metwally Bahaa S. , Gumaah Najla F. , AL‐Mhyawi Saedah R. , Ragab Ahmed H. , Masoud Mostafa A. , Zayed Ahmed M.
Published: November 2024

The rapid expansion of textile industries has contributed significantly to non‐biodegradable waste generation, presenting a global environmental challenge. Additionally, waste from the mining industry, such as chrysotile serpentine, contributes to this environmental issue. Therefore, this study investigates the possibility of recycling polyamide 6 waste combined with chrysotile serpentine waste to produce nanotextile fabric‐based composite (NTF‐BC). This study highlights the environmental significance of sustainable techniques in waste management specifically within the textile industry. The chrysotile serpentine waste was intensively pulverized into nanoscale particles to eliminate its hazardous fibrous nature and facilitate the electrospinning process. Comprehensive characterization was conducted using various analytical techniques including XRD, XRF, FT‐IR, SEM, BET, and DMA, to explore the properties of prepared fabrics as a function of electrospinning parameters (Ctl.Sp concentration, spinning distance, applied voltage, and flow rate.). SEM analysis indicated optimal fabrication conditions for smoother and more homogeneous NTF‐BC at Ctl.Sp concentration of 7.5%, voltage of 20 kV, spinning distance of 15 cm, and flow rate of 1 mL/h. XRD and FT‐IR analyses showed that increasing the Ctl.Sp ratio, distance, and voltage negatively affected sample crystallinity and favored the α‐form over the γ‐form. In terms of DMA characteristics, the Ctl.Sp ratio and applied voltage positively impacted the E′ values, with minimal influence from spinning distance and rate. Notably, the highest geometric properties (i.e., SBET and Vt) of the fabricated NTF‐BC were attained at the lowest Ctl.Sp ratio of 5%.
Preparation of hemp‐based biocomposites and their potential industrial application
Authors: Gallina Lorenzo , Chaji Salah , Manzoli Maela , Cravero Fulvia , Gnoffo Chiara , Gesti Sebastia , Frache Alberto , Cravotto Giancarlo
Published: November 2024

Biocomposites are an emerging field in plastic industry. The incorporation of agri‐food waste in conventional or biobased polymer matrices allows the industry to lessen its carbon footprint, while producing recyclable plastic products. In this work, hemp hurd, a byproduct of hemp fiber production process, was used as a filler to prepare novel compostable composites in two different loadings (22% and 32% w/w respectively). Waste hemp hurds were selected due to their abundance and the lack of derived high‐value products. Three different polymers were used, namely poly[(tetramethyleneadipate)‐co‐(tetramethyleneterephthalate)] (PBAT) and poly(tetramethylene succinate) (PBS) as compostable polymers and a polyethylene elastomer for comparison. The bare polymers and prepared blends were then characterized for their structure and morphology by XRD and FESEM, as well as for their wettability, thermal and mechanical properties (namely energy absorbed on impact and flexural modulus). Structural and morphological characterization unveiled the different interactions occurring between hemp and the polymer matrices, suggesting the major impact of the type of used polymer when compared with biomass loading percentages. Mechanical tests showed that both PBAT and PBS blends properties are comparable to those of the pure polymers (i.e., in the case of PBAT the flexural modulus of the pure polymer was 82.2 MPa while the hemp‐loaded blends stood at around 50 MPa, whereas all PBS polymers and blends were 220 MPa, with no statistical difference between samples). These biomaterials have also similar thermal properties with respect to the bare polymers, underlining the promising potential as sustainable alternative to pure polymers.

Highlights

Waste hemp hurds were used to load biodegradable polymers at different percentages.

Hemp hurd‐based biomaterials with excellent properties were prepared.

Polymer flexural behavior was maintained even after hemp addition.

Polymer‐hemp interactions for each polymeric matrix were elucidated.

Hemp substitutes up to 32% w/w of polymer without affecting its properties.
Method to improve the bonding strength of polyethylene terephthalate core with glass fiber reinforced skins in a sandwich composite
Authors: Selwyn Jebadurai D. , Arul Jeya Kumar A.
Published: November 2024

Composite materials provide an alternative to conventional structural materials. Sandwich composites show high bending strength and superior strength‐to‐weight ratio. The major drawback in sandwich composites is debonding of skin from core, that causes failure of a component during the usage at different loads. To overcome this issue, the current work identifies a solution of introducing nylon screws (M6 × 32) to adhere firmly the skins consisting of glass fibers with PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) core. The sandwich composites were fabricated by vacuum infusion process. Two flat sandwich composites were fabricated; one with nylon screws placed perpendicular to the skin and the other a plain sandwich composite. Mechanical characteristics of the specimens such as fracture toughness, flexural strength and shear strength were studied. Specimens with nylon screws showed 21.78% more fracture toughness compared to plain specimen. The presence of screws acts as hindrance to the propagation of cracks in the interfacial region resulting in the enhancement of debonding resistance of the specimens. Also, sandwich specimens with nylon screws exhibited 136% and 142% improvement in flexural and shear strength respectively when compared to plain sandwich specimens. The investigation of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tested specimens indicates strong interfacial bonding between skin and the core of specimens with nylon screws.

Highlights

Introduction of light‐weight nylon screws in z‐direction enhanced the bonding between face sheets and foam core.

Sandwich composites with nylon screws exhibited superior bending and shear strength compared to plain specimens.

Crack propagation in the interfacial region is restricted by the presence of nylon screws.

Investigation of fractured specimens indicated a strong interfacial bonding in the specimens with screws.
Mechanoresponsive self‐powered piezoelectric energy‐generating composite hydrogels based on carbon nanotube‐reinforced fungal‐carboxymethyl chitosan‐bacterial cellulose nanofibers for wearable electronics
Authors: Rao Kummara Madhusudana , Kumar Vineet , Park Sang‐Shin , Han Sung Soo
Published: November 2024

Developing conductive hydrogels with both enhanced mechanical properties and superior sensing capabilities for wearable, flexible electronics remains challenging. Here, we developed mechanoresponsive self‐powered piezoelectric energy‐generating composite hydrogels. These hydrogels were prepared by blending fungal‐derived carboxymethyl chitosan (FC), carboxylate‐bacterial cellulose nanofibers (CBC‐NFs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within a covalently crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAM) network (CNT‐FBCNF). The resulting hydrogels showed remarkable mechanical properties due to the molecular interactions between polymer chains. The hydrogels showed a self‐recoverable property and high stability under compressive mechanical force at 40% of strain (2000 cycles). The maximum compressive load (N) of 27.8 N was obtained for the optimized hydrogel, CNT‐FBCNF (1% CNT content). This hydrogel exhibited a good conductivity of 1.3 S/m, which was attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of CNTs within the hydrogel matrix and sufficient biocompatibility with skin fibroblasts. The hydrogel also exhibited impressive performance as a strain sensor, boasting a wide strain range (10–40%), excellent stability, and repeatability. Furthermore, strategic cutting and assembly of the hydrogel generated a flexible strain sensor capable of accurately monitoring finger and thumb pressure in real‐time. This study will significantly accelerate the development of hydrogel‐based sensors within the rapidly advancing field of wearable soft electronics.

Highlights

CNT‐reinforced composite hydrogel was developed

The optimized hydrogel showed good electrical conductivity (1.3 S/m)

The optimized hydrogel showed good self‐recovery properties

The optimized hydrogel exhibited impressive strain‐sensing capability between 10% and 40% strain
Assessing a Training Program for Integrative Medicine Practitioners in the Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder
Authors: Ben‐Arye Eran , Rubinstein Dori , Stoffman Gali , Lahad Mooli , Samuels Noah , Reshef Alon , Schiff Elad
Published: November 2024

Study Objective

The study examined a training program for integrative medicine (IM) providers, teaching clinical skills for treating acute stress disorder (ASD).

Methods

A 10‐h online training program, designed by IM and mental health professionals, was attended by a group of 32 IM providers working in supportive and palliative oncology care. Pre‐ and post‐course questionnaires assessed self‐perceived levels of IM and mental health ASD‐related skills (from 1, very low; to 7, very high).

Results

Most participants (25; 78%) completed pre‐ and post‐study questionnaires, which showed an increase in post‐course scores for the expectation that IM could reduce ASD‐related pain (p = 0.004). Scores for self‐assessed skill levels increased for treating gastro‐intestinal symptoms and appetite (p = 0.039) and for dyspnea (p = 0.048). A borderline increase for arousal was observed (p = 0.063), with no increase with other arousal symptom cluster symptoms.

Conclusions

The ASD‐focused training program for IM practitioners was associated with an increase in self‐perceived levels for related clinical skills quality of life‐related concerns, primarily pain, appetite and dyspnea. Further research is needed to better understand the implications of the findings, and to explore the implementation of the learned skills in clinical practice.
LGS‐PPIS: A Local–Global Structural Information Aggregation Framework for Predicting Protein–Protein Interaction Sites
Authors: Zhai Zhengli , Xu Shiya , Ma Wenjian , Niu Niuwangjie , Qu Chunyu , Zong Chao
Published: November 2024

Exploring protein–protein interaction sites (PPIS) is of significance to elucidating the intrinsic mechanisms of diverse biological processes. On this basis, recent studies have applied deep learning‐based technologies to overcome the high cost of wet experiments for PPIS determination. However, the existing methods still suffer from two limitations that remain to be solved. Firstly, the process of feature aggregation in most methods only took into account node features, but ignored the complex edge features of the target residue to its neighbor residues, resulting in insufficient local feature extraction. Secondly, such feature aggregation was limited to aggregating spatially adjacent residues, and could not capture the “remote” residues that played a critical role in determining PPIS, which can be summed up as the lack of global feature at the residue level. To break the above limitations, a local–global structural information aggregation framework, LGS‐PPIS, was proposed in this study, including two modules of edge‐aware graph convolutional network (EA‐GCN) and self‐attention integrated with initial residual and identity mapping (SA‐RIM), which achieved the aggregation of local and global information for PPIS prediction. Evaluation results of LGS‐PPIS showed that the proposed method outperformed state‐of‐the‐art deep learning methods on three widely used PPIS prediction benchmarks. Besides, the results of ablation experiments demonstrated that the local features from spatially adjacent residues and global features from “remote” residues separately captured by EA‐GCN and SA‐RIM could benefit the model performance. Among them, the former was shown to have a more significant role in the PPIS prediction.
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of edoxaban in pediatric patients
Authors: Zou Peng , Atluri Akhilesh , Chang Peter , Goedecke Michael , Leil Tarek A.
Published: November 2024

Edoxaban is an orally active inhibitor of activated factor X (FXa). Population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) analyses were performed to characterize the PK and PK–PD relationships of edoxaban in pediatric patients to identify the covariates that may contribute to inter‐subject variability in PK and PD of edoxaban in pediatric patients, and to compare the PK and PD data between pediatric and adult patients. The pediatric PK of edoxaban was best described by a two‐compartment model with transit compartments, first‐order oral absorption, and linear elimination. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body weight, and post‐menstrual age were the significant covariates explaining variability in edoxaban PK among pediatric patients. A function based on renal maturation was applied to edoxaban clearance. The clearance for a 70 kg patient with an eGFR of 110 mL/min/1.73 m2 was estimated to be 42.9 L/h (CV ~ 31.8%). PK simulation showed that exposures across five pediatric age groups were comparable to that in adult patients receiving 60 mg once daily dose. The PK–PD relationship for anti‐factor Xa was best fit with an Emax (8.65 IU/mL) model with an EC50 of 631 ng/mL. The PK–PD relationships for activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were best fit with linear models (slopes of 0.0467, and 0.0415 s mL/ng, respectively). In addition, due to the small number of efficacy and safety events, an exploratory analysis did not detect a correlation between efficacy events (recurrent venous thromboembolism) or safety events (clinically relevant bleeding) and edoxaban exposure.
Oxyberberine Inhibits Hepatic Gluconeogenesis via AMPK‐Mediated Suppression of FoxO1 and CRTC2 Signaling Axes
Authors: Wu Fan , Lu Fuer , Dong Hui , Hu Meilin , Xu Lijun , Wang Dingkun
Published: November 2024

Oxyberberine (OBB), a natural metabolite of berberine, has been shown to exhibit inhibitory effects on gluconeogenesis in our previous work. This work was designed to investigate the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of OBB on hepatic gluconeogenesis. Our work found that OBB significantly inhibited the expressions of glucose 6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and decreased the glucose production in palmitic acid‐induced HepG2 cells. Then, AMPK/Akt/FoxO1 and AMPK/CRTC2 signaling pathways were confirmed by transcriptomics and network pharmacology analyses. It was shown that AMPK activation may phosphorylate and promote nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 and CRTC2, two key regulators of hepatic gluconeogenesis transcriptional pathways, resulting in the inhibition of gluconeogenesis under OBB administration. Afterwards, AMPK/Akt/FoxO1, AMPK/CRTC2 signaling pathways were evidenced by western blot, immunoprecipitation and confocal immunofluorescence, and the targeted inhibitor (Compound C) and siRNA of AMPK were applied for further mechanism verification. Moreover, it was found that OBB treatment activated AMPK/Akt/FoxO1 and AMPK/CRTC2 signaling pathways to decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis in db/db mice. Similarly, the in vivo inhibitory effects of OBB on gluconeogenesis were also diminished by AMPK inhibition. Our work demonstrated that OBB can inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and its underlying mechanisms were associated with AMPK‐mediated suppression of FoxO1 and CRTC2 signaling axes.
Performance of Minnesota Functionals on Vibrational Frequency
Authors: Wang Jiaxu , Zhang Cheng , Li Yaqi , Zhou Yini , Shu Yuanyuan , Liang Songping , Zhang Gaihua , Liu Zhonghua , Wang Ying
Published: November 2024

Molecular geometry and harmonic frequency calculations are essential in thermochemical computations, with density functional theory (DFT) being widely employed for vibrational frequency predictions due to its efficiency and accuracy. In this study, we assessed the precision of 28 Minnesota based functionals with three different basis sets using the VIBFREQ1295 dataset. Scaling factors are necessary for predicting fundamental frequencies, global scaling factors were fitted by using F38/10 and VIBFREQ1295 datasets. The superior performing functionals were then fitted based on vibrational frequency ranges to obtain frequency‐range‐specific scaling factors. We observed consistent outlier across various model chemistries in vibrational frequency predictions, with alternative scaling factors showing minimal impact on reducing outlier occurrences. Besides, large basis sets are not indispensably required for fundamental frequency predictions. M06‐L, revM06‐L, SOGGA11‐X, PW6B95‐D3(BJ), CF22D, and M06‐2X consistently exhibit excellent performance across the three basis sets. When using frequency‐range‐specific scaling factors, the root mean squard errors (RMSEs) and median absolute errors (MedAEs) of almost all the selected functionals were reduced. PW6B95‐D3(BJ), CF22D, and MN12‐SX exhibited the lowest RMSEs. Comparisons were also done for different data classifications; the dataset was classified by the elements of the molecules, vibrational frequency intervals, and vibrational modes.
Association between anti‐Müllerian hormone levels and polycystic ovary syndrome in a general cohort of young women in Japan
Authors: Miyake Natsuki , Osuka Satoko , Ohsawa Isao , Tonoike Takashi , Uno Tomoko , Tsuzuki Kazuo , Bayasula  , Sonehara Reina , Muraoka Ayako , Nakamura Tomoko , Goto Maki , Iwase Akira , Kajiyama Hiroaki
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) significantly affects women. This study investigated the association between serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and menstrual cycle disorders, and AMH for PCOS in a general cohort of young Japanese women.

Methods

We measured serum AMH levels in 528 healthy female students at two universities in Japan between 2014 and 2020. We investigated the association between serum AMH levels and hormone levels, menstrual cycle, and body mass index.

Results

The mean (±standard deviation) AMH level was 4.78 ± 2.88 ng/mL. Correlations were observed between serum AMH and luteinizing hormone (LH) or LH/follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in women with irregular menstruation (LH: r = 0.542, p < 0.001; LH/FSH: r = 0.584, p < 0.001). The optimal serum AMH cutoff value that predicted LH ≥7.1 IU/L and LH/FSH ≥1.21 (PCOS diagnostic criteria revised by Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology) in women with menstrual irregularities was 5.30 ng/mL (area under the curve: 0.815, sensitivity: 84.2%, specificity: 70.3%).

Conclusions

Serum AMH can be measured during annual health checkups and may be a useful biomarker for early and arcuate diagnosis and intervention in women with PCOS.
Reinforcing Photogenerated Carrier Extraction of Environment‐Friendly InP/ZnSeS Quantum Dots for High‐Performing Photoelectrochemical Photodetection and Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Mi Guohua , Yao Yisen , Xia Li , Zhao Hongyang , Yang Qian , Wang Zhiming M. , Tong Xin
Published: November 2024

Colloidal InP/ZnSeS‐based quantum dots (QDs) are considered promising building blocks for light‐emitting devices due to their environmental friendliness, high quantum yield (QY), and narrow emission. However, the intrinsic type‐I band structure severely hinders potential photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications requiring efficient photoexcited carrier separation and transfer. In this study, the optoelectronic properties of InP/ZnSeS QDs are tailored by introducing Al dopants in the ZnSeS layer, which concurrently passivate the surface defects and act as shallow donor states for suppressed non‐radiative recombination and improved charge extraction efficiency. Consequently, as‐fabricated InP/ZnSeS:Al QDs‐based PEC‐type photodetector exhibited a high detectivity up to 1011 Jones and a remarkable responsivity of 0.66 A W−1 at 600 nm even under self‐powered condition (0V bias). In addition, as‐prepared InP/ZnSeS:Al QDs‐based photoanode can be alternatively used for PEC hydrogen generation, showing an H2 production rate of 73.7 µmol cm−2 h−1 under 1 sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2). The results offer a prospective strategy for optimizing eco‐friendly QDs for high‐performance multifunctional light detection/conversion devices.
Precise Methylation Detection of Tumor Suppressor Gene Promoters by Magnetic Enrichment and Nano Silver Adduct–Promoted Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Singh Shubham , Lin Yu‐Wei , Wang Wen‐Jyun , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Chien Yi‐Hsin , Li Wei‐Peng
Published: November 2024

Noninvasive liquid biopsies can be used for early tumor diagnosis by identifying the methylation level of the tumor suppressor genes (TSGs)—a reliable index for cancer evaluation. However, identifying trace circulating genes from specimens remains challenging. This work introduces a novel method that combines magnetic isolation and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to concentrate and detect the methylated TSG promotors. A superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle modified with streptavidin is prepared as a universal magnetic bead. Biotin‐terminated probe single‐strand DNA (ssDNA) is immobilized on the magnetic beads through biotin–streptavidin bioconjugation. Artificial target ssDNA fragments with various methylation levels are applied as a promoter gene model. Concentrated double‐strand DNA (dsDNA) is produced by a hybridizing probe and target ssDNA on magnetic nanobeads, as well as an additional magnetic isolation process. The well‐prepared DNA adduct, which consists of 3 nm cisplatin‐modified Ag nanoclusters, can specifically bind with guanine‐cytosine base pairs of dsDNA. Ag‐nanoparticle‐induced localized SERS amplified signals of 5‐methylcytosine (5‐mC) from the dsDNA in Raman spectra, enabling accurate methylation level measurement in mixtures of 0–1 µm methylated DNA, with a detection limit of 0.05 µm. This method shows promise for enabling the methylation level evaluation of various TSGs and promoters in early cancer liquid biopsies.
Peierls Distortion Induced Giant Linear Dichroism, Second‐Harmonic Generation, and In‐Plane Ferroelectricity in NbOBr2
Authors: Li Zhuolun , Wang Shaolong , Wang Chong , Zhang Xi , Yu Zhipeng , Du Shanzheng , Zeng Zhongming , Dai Yang , Zhang Yuchao , Liu Xiaochi , Sun Jian , Xue Jiawei , Wu Zheng , Fan Luyuan , Dai Junfeng , Zhai Kun , Nie Anmin , Liu Zhongyuan , Cheng Yingchun
Published: November 2024

The Peierls distortion plays an essential role in governing the in‐plane ferroelectricity and nonlinear optical characteristics of anisotropic niobium oxide dihalides, such as NbOCl2 and NbOI2. Despite its significance, experimental investigation into the structural, optical, and ferroelectric properties of NbOBr2 has been lacking. Here, the successful fabrication of centimeter‐sized, high‐quality NbOBr2 single crystals, enabling direct observation of Peierls distortion using aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, is reported. Notably, the magnitude of Peierls distortion in NbOBr2 falls between that observed in NbOCl2 and NbOI2. Furthermore, the existence of giant linear dichroism absorption and second‐harmonic generation (SHG) phenomena associated with Peierls distortion is confirmed. Exfoliated NbOBr2 flakes exhibit single‐domain ferroelectricity, with the polarization switchable by an electric field. Temperature‐dependent SHG measurements reveal a Curie temperature of ≈502 K for ferroelectric NbOBr2. This work demonstrates that NbOBr2 holds promise for polarized nonlinear optical devices, as well as for nonvolatile information processing and storage devices.
Bioorthogonal Janus microparticles for photothermal and chemo‐therapy
Authors: Zhang Qingfei , Kuang Gaizhen , Chen Kai , Zhao Miaoqing , Shang Luoran
Published: November 2024

Bioorthogonal chemistry, recognized as a highly efficient tool in chemical biology, has shown significant value in cancer treatment. The primary objective is to develop efficient delivery strategies to achieve enhanced bioorthogonal drug treatment for tumors. Here, Janus microparticles (JMs) loaded with cyclooctene‐modified doxorubicin prodrug (TCO‐DOX) and tetrazine‐modified indocyanine green (Tz‐ICG) triggers are reported. Besides activating TCO‐DOX, Tz‐ICG is also a photothermal agent used in photothermal therapy (PTT), enabling the simultaneous use of biorthogonal chemotherapy and PTT. Additionally, the DOX could be significantly reduced in systemic toxicity with the modification of cyclooctene. Thus, the developed drug‐carrying JMs system exhibits effective tumor cell killing in vitro and effectively inhibits tumor local progress and distant lung metastasis after postoperative treatment with good safety. These results demonstrate that the prepared JMs provide a paradigm for bioorthogonal prodrug activation and localized delivery, and hold great promise for cancer therapy as well as other related applications.
Efficient and Stable Wide‐Bandgap Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells by Simultaneous Passivation and Cleaning with Diamine
Authors: Zhang Luozheng , Zhang Yi , Du Kaihuai , Gao Gaomeijie , Wang Aili , Li Bairu , Fang Zhimin , Luo Long , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning
Published: November 2024

Wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (WBG‐PSCs) are pivotal in achieving high‐performance tandem solar cells. However, their power conversion efficiency (PCE) is limited by the losses from the interfacial charge transfer barrier and nonradiative recombination. In this investigation, 1,4‐bis(aminomethyl)benzene (PDMA) is employed as a defect passivator for fabricating methylammonium (MA)‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs), thus effectively mitigating nonradiative recombination losses of charge carriers. Meanwhile, PDMA molecules chemically rinse the perovskite film to create a grooved surface, leading to the increase of contact area between the perovskite and electron transport layer to further improve the interfacial charge transfer. As a result, the PSCs based on these surface‐passivated and chemically cleaned perovskite films present a champion PCE of 21.23% (Eg = 1.68 eV) compared to the control devices with a PCE of 18.23%, while maintaining over 80% efficiency after 800 h storage in ambient air. This study presents a highly effective approach for one‐step passivation and chemical cleaning of wide‐bandgap perovskite for efficient and stable solar cells, offering valuable insights for future research in this field.
Student perspectives on learning transfer from online postgraduate sonography courses to traineeships: A pilot survey
Authors: Maranna Sandhya , Joksimovic Srecko , Willison John , MacDougall Margaret , Parange Nayana , Costabile Maurizio
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This survey aims to understand how postgraduate sonography students perceive to apply knowledge from online coursework to traineeships. It also explores the impact of students' age, gender, traineeship duration and geographic location on learning transfer. The ability to apply learnt knowledge is a key factor for student success in higher education and the workplace, yet it is an under‐researched topic.

Method

The Human Research Ethics Committee of an Australian university granted ethical approval. A pilot online survey was sent to 279 medical sonography students enrolled in an online postgraduate program. These students had an industry traineeship as a corequisite to online coursework. The survey was sent via email on Microsoft Forms from October to December 2023. Descriptive, Likert scale and free‐text data were analysed using Microsoft Excel, IBM SPSS Statistics (version 29) and Lumivero NVivo (version 14).

Results

The response rate was 38% (n = 106). Most respondents agreed that they developed transfer skills from online courses. Practice questions, lectures and interactive sessions emerged as the key online learning activities that helped to facilitate knowledge transfer. With summative assessments, case studies enhanced knowledge transfer. No significant difference was seen in the transfer ability based on geographical location, age and gender.

Conclusion

It is challenging for online educators to foster transfer skills to prepare safe, competent, job‐ready graduates. Our study has provided initial insights on enablers of online learning transfer to online educators on students' perspectives of how they see the relevance and how they apply knowledge from online courses to traineeships.
Advancements to the equivalent compression flange method
Authors: Jörg Fabian , Schaper Lukas , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Knobloch Markus
Published: November 2024

The simplified method of the equivalent compression flange represents an illustrative and easy‐to‐use engineering model for lateral torsional buckling. The basic concept of the verification procedure has existed since its introduction in the 1950s. It is still frequently used today for preliminary design and application cases where the solution of the ‘correct lateral torsional buckling problem’ is complex and time‐consuming. To adapt the method to the current state of the art, it was further developed in the framework of the Eurocode 3 evolution. This ‘new’ method is part of the second generation of Eurocode 3, Part 1‐1 and is valid for classes 1 to 3 cross sections in major axis bending. The method must be adapted for use in other contexts and for specific applications. Applying the equivalent compression flange verification method to the structural fire design of building structures must consider the temperature‐dependent material properties of steel and their impact on the stability behaviour. Moreover, typical applications for bridge structures, runway beams, and H‐piles in combined walls require additional consideration of class 4 cross sections and various combined loadings, e. g., N–M interaction behaviour. This article presents theoretical studies on extending the simplified method of the equivalent compression flange to meet these demands. Finally, the application of the verification method is demonstrated in working examples.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Using the Force Analogy Method and the Ibarra–Medina–Krawinkler Model
Authors: Patlán Carlos M. , Hernández‐Barrios Hugo , Gomez Roberto
Published: November 2024

A methodology to integrate the Ibarra–Medina–Krawinkler (IMK) hysteretic model with the force analogy method (FAM) is proposed. FAM is a powerful tool for performing nonlinear structural analysis that reduces analysis time, addressing the main limitation of nonlinear analysis. One area of opportunity for FAM lies in its access to material nonlinearity models, which enable the reproduction of inelastic behavior in structures. The IMK model, utilized in nonlinear analysis for updating the stiffness matrix, incorporates various rules of material nonlinear behavior and considers cyclic deterioration of stiffness and strength. By combining the IMK model with FAM, the capability to model material nonlinear behavior in a computationally efficient manner is enhanced. The proposed methodology is validated through four numerical examples, demonstrating its effectiveness in replicating experimental behaviors and enhancing FAM capabilities in inelastic structural analysis.
Insights Into the Adsorption Behavior of Polyethylene Microplastics Towards Lead(II) Ions
Authors: Saravanakumar Krishnan , Sathyamoorthy Manickam , Prasad Donipathi Mogili Reddy , Prasad Balakrishna Sankari Naveen , Senthilkumar Ramalingham , Lakshmanarao Govindarajan
Published: November 2024

Microplastics and metals represent widespread contaminants which can cause significant damage to aquatic ecosystems and organisms. However, the complex interactions between microplastics and various metals in water environments remains to be understood. This study aims to investigate the interaction dynamics between lead(II) ions and polyethylene in freshwater environments. Adsorption trials were conducted systematically by adjusting operational parameters such as initial Pb(II) concentration, equilibrium pH value, and residence times. An in‐depth characterization study using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was conducted to explain the adsorption mechanism of polyethylene microplastics (PEM). The data indicated the porous surface of PEM, highlighting the presence of diverse functional groups. According to the Langmuir model, the PEM exhibited maximum Pb(II) uptake of 3.69 mg/g at pH 4.5. The pseudo‐first‐order model demonstrated superior fitting to Pb(II)‐PEM kinetics. Desorption trials were performed to assess the release of Pb(II) from Pb(II)‐bounded PEM using various chemical agents. It was observed that 0.01 M HNO₃ desorbed Pb(II) ions optimally, achieving a desorption efficiency exceeding 99.9%. Consequently, desorption trials provided evidence that Pb(II)‐bounded PEM may release Pb(II) ions in acidic environments, facilitating the transfer of Pb(II) to the digestive tracts of aquatic organisms.
Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Water of the Halda River: A Distinctive Breeding Habitat for Carp Fish in Bangladesh
Authors: Kamal Afsana , Kibria Md. Manzoorul , Hossain Shahadat , Mahmud Chowdhury Kaiser , Roy Rashmi , Resma Nighat Sultana
Published: November 2024

Background

The present study aimed to assess the heavy metal concentrations in water from different sampling sites of the Halda River, the only natural breeding ground of Indian major carps.

Objectives

We have analysed the contamination level and seasonal variations of heavy metals (viz. Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb). The favourability of the breeding environment was assessed by different contamination indices.

Methods

Samples were collected from six sampling sites for four different seasons, and the metal concentrations were determined for water samples using Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Results

The obtained order of mean concentrations of heavy metals for four seasons was winter > spring > monsoon > pre‐monsoon, and the assessed mean concentrations (mg/L) of heavy metals follow the trend: Fe (9.129) > Pb (0.033) > Zn (0.024) > Cr (0.017) > Cu (0.012) > Cd (0.002). The concentration of Fe was found above the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Guidelines for Water Quality) and ECR (1997), and the concentrations for Pb were found above the USEPA (2006) limit in all four seasons. Contamination indices (heavy metal pollution Index [HPI] and metal index [MI]) indicate that during winter and monsoon, the river water metal condition is critical (HPI > 100) and the sites are moderately as well as slightly (1< MI <2) affected by the studied heavy metals. Contamination indices, such as contamination factors (Cf), degree of contamination (Cdeg) and the pollution load index (PLI), demonstrate the fact that Fe and Pb remarkably contaminated the studied sampling sites. The Pearson correlation matrix and the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the studied metals are connected by their sources, which can be geological or anthropogenic.

Conclusion

Urgent initiatives need to be taken, and effective strategies must be implemented to control the different sources responsible for the entry of heavy metals into the Halda River water.
The Beneficial Application of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on Health and Egg Production, in Layers: A Review
Authors: Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Al‐Dhalimy Aiman Mohammed Baqir , Zokaei Maryam , Salimi Shadi , Alnajar Mohammed Jawad , Kumar Abhinav , Alwaily Enas R. , Zwamel Ahmed Hussein , Hussein Soura Alaa , Gholami‐Ahangaran Majid
Published: November 2024

Background

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a widely recognized spice and medicinal plant that has gained significant attention for its potential health benefits. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the beneficial applications of turmeric in improving health and egg production in layers.

Objective

The objective of this review is to assess the current scientific literature on the effects of turmeric supplementation in layer diets and evaluate its impact on layer health and egg production.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in Google Scholar database to identify relevant studies published in peer‐reviewed journals. Studies investigating the effects of turmeric or its bioactive compound curcumin on layer health and egg production were included. Data on various parameters, including immune function, reproductive performance, egg quality and production parameters, were extracted and analysed.

Results

Turmeric contains a bioactive compound called curcumin, which possesses antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. These properties have been extensively studied and have shown promising results in enhancing layer health and performance. Turmeric supplementation has been reported to improve the overall immune response in layers, reducing the incidence and severity of infectious diseases. It has also been shown to have positive effects on gut health by modulating the gut microbiota composition, improving nutrient absorption and reducing digestive disorders. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that turmeric supplementation in layer diets can improve egg weight, shell quality, yolk colour and egg production rates. The mechanisms underlying these effects involve the antioxidant properties of turmeric, which protect the reproductive organs, enhance ovarian function and improve reproductive performance.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the potential of turmeric as a natural, cost‐effective and sustainable intervention for improving layer well‐being, egg quality and productivity. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action, optimize dosage regimens and evaluate the long‐term effects of turmeric supplementation in layer diets.