bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Stimulation of Labor of Strategic Level Management Workers Based on the Results of Performance
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Tutova Anastasiia S.
Published: August 2022

The article examines the feasibility of stimulating the work of employees of the strategic level of enterprise management, taking into account the achieved economic results of enterprises’ performance. The existing proposals for the selection and application of criterion indicators, for the achievement of which top managers are stimulated by enterprises, are generalized, and the conclusion drawn is that they are insufficiently substantiated. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to closer define the theoretical and methodological provisions of stimulating the work of employees of the strategic level of enterprise management on the basis of an objective assessment of the results of performance of economic entities concerning the use of economic resources. The objectives of the article are: a closer defining of the theoretical provisions of stimulating the work of employees of the strategic level of management; substantiation of influential indicators of the enterprise’s performance, according to which it is advisable to stimulate the work of top managers; formation of a methodological approach to stimulating the work of top managers on the basis of an objective assessment of the results of performance of economic entities concerning the use of economic resources. The object of the study is the process of stimulating the work of top managers of enterprises. The subject of the study are the theoretical and methodological provisions of stimulating the work of top managers of enterprises. The main research methods are methods of theoretical generalization, analysis, synthesis, structural-logical analysis, theoretical-logical analysis, canonical analysis, multidimensional factor analysis, method of analysis of factor loads in the equations of latent factors. The main results of the article are presented as follows. The theoretical provisions of labor stimulation of top managers are closer defined, the content of which is to allocate the dual nature of stimulation: objective – regarding the achieved economic results of enterprises and subjective – regarding the perception by top managers of valence and sufficiency of incentives, which constitute two aspects of the study of the process of labor stimulation. Methodological approach to substantiation of indicators of economic performance of the enterprise, for the achievement of which it is advisable to stimulate top managers, is formed using canonical analysis and multidimensional factor analysis according to statistical data of 19 industrial enterprises of the Kharkiv region.
Innovative Communication Instruments of Marketing Activity of Enterprises in the Tourism and Hotel Business
Authors:   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Bogdan Nataliia M. , Pysarevskyi Illia M. ,   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Ivanova Olga M. ,   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Pokolodna Mariia M. ,   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: August 2022

The article examines the marketing communications used by enterprises of the travel industry. The purpose of the article is to study the latest marketing communications and develop directions for their application in the enterprises of the tourism and hotel business. The necessity of formation and implementation of marketing communication policy that meets the specifics and goals of the enterprise in order to achieve a high level of competitiveness and desired result of activity is substantiated. The features and structure of the complex of marketing communications of tourism industry enterprises containing the following elements: advertising, sales promotion, personal sales, public relations, and direct marketing are determined. The necessity of introducing the latest technologies in this sphere is proved, since in the modern world of global computerization it is simply necessary to use modern technological resources, in particular the Internet, especially in such a sensitive and competitive industry. According to the results of the analysis and generalization of the study of Travelport company, which is one of the outstanding providers of electronic distribution services in the travel industry, a rating of marketing communications used in the tourism and hotel business is compiled. Based on the results of the study, the need for an integrated approach to the planning and implementation of communication processes, based on the consistency of actions of all means of marketing communications within a single strategy to achieve the set marketing goals, is established. As an innovative marketing communication instrument, enterprises of the tourism and hotel business are offered the use of integrated marketing communications (IMC), which are holistic communication systems and allow to cover all aspects of the marketing complex, which further contributes to the most effective action on the consumer. So, depending on the direction of activity, the availability of human resources and financial condition, the company chooses a way to present itself in social networks through the most effective communication instrument, tailored to suit the market needs.
Foreign Experience in Management of the Development of Sports and Health Activities
Authors:   South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky, Romanenko Serhii S.
Published: August 2022

In the conditions of military aggression and hostilities taking place in Ukraine, the problems of sports and health activities, unfortunately, are relegated to secondary positions. A large part of the sports infrastructure is destroyed by the enemy, training and competitions were stopped for the most part, threatening the loss of the country's sports potential. The industry has experienced a significant reduction in funding, and some promising athletes have moved out abroad. Studies have shown that currently there are no systematic scientific and practical developments regarding the formation and development of the sports and health sector in the conditions of hostilities and the postwar period, which limits our possibilities in the terms of prediction and forecasting for the future, nonetheless actualizing further research in this direction. The industry has experienced a significant reduction in funding, and some promising athletes have gone abroad. Studies have shown that currently, there are no systematic scientific and practical developments regarding the formation and development of the sports and health sector in the conditions of hostilities and the post-war period, which limits our possibilities in the framework of prediction and forecasting for the future and actualizes further research in this direction. The article aims to study the foreign experience of managing the development of sports and health activities and the possibility of its use in Ukraine. The experience of leading countries in managing sports and health activities has been studied and systematized. The possibilities of implementing particular mechanisms and tools into the national model at its current reorganization stage have been determined. It is noted that currently the basic condition for the development of the system is the search for the most optimal balance of powers between the State, regions, and the private sector regarding the management of this sphere, which includes the advantages of the American model on the one hand (primarily in terms of creating favorable conditions for attracting private capital) and the European model on the other hand, which involves moderate handing over on the part of the State by establishing priorities, coordination of economic entities and targeted funding of priority areas. It is noted that the defining features that are characteristic of the management system of sports and health activities in all countries that have achieved high results in this sphere are, first of all: a developed regulatory and legislative framework and institutions, the clear State-controlled priorities for the development of sports, diversified sources of funding and instruments for stimulation of entrepreneurship, as well as close attention to personnel training and development of science and technology in the industry.
The Methodical Aspects of Evaluating of the Tourist Infrastructure of Ukraine
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Iakovenko Vladyslav S. , Kucherenko Serhii K. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Published: August 2022

The article presents the system and procedure for assessing the development of tourism infrastructure in Ukraine. The conception of the study was the system of theoretical, analytical and model basis of research, which, in turn, consist of five blocks: theoretical, block of generalization, analytical, block of results and block of decisions. At the theoretical level of the study, key terms have been defined and the use of methods for research of the tourism infrastructure of Ukraine is substantiated. At the level of generalization, key indicators of the functioning of the tourism infrastructure are substantiated; the transport, housing, food and travel sales components are highlighted. Each of these groups has a number of indicators that are provided in official sources. Using these indicators, in accordance with the components of the infrastructure, indicative indicators are proposed, which are computed as generalizing ones. The analytical block distinguished the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, thanks to which the corresponding results were obtained. Regarding quantitative methods, the study proposes the use of graphoanalytical method, nonlinear forecasting method, neural network forecasting, and the method of integral evaluation. Among the qualitative methods, it is proposed to use fuzzy logic methods to assess the degree of customer satisfaction with the level of the tourisn infrastructure of Ukraine. The block of results accumulates results by quantitative and qualitative methods, and at this stage estimations of relevant decisions are formed. The block of managerial decisions accumulates reasonable decisions based on the results of the study of the development of tourism infrastructure. The proposed system of assessment of tourism infrastructure using economic and mathematical methods of tourist flow provided an opportunity to carry out a systematic analysis of the country’s tourism infrastructure for more balanced and targeted managerial decisions to increase the efficiency of tourism infrastructure use and improve the quality of tourist services.
Recognition of Internally Generated Goodwill as an Identifier of the Valuation of Intangible Assets in the Management Accounting System of Enterprise
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Labunska Svitlana V. , Sobakar Marharyta V. ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics
Published: August 2022

The aim of the article is to analyze the existing methods of goodwill valuation and determine the possibility of their application in relation to the identification and recognition of internally generated goodwill as an accounting object and an information basis for effective management of the assets of enterprise. As a result of the analysis of regulatory documents and scientific works of scholars on the exitant valuation methods, the main approaches to the conception of value characteristics were considered, the advantages and disadvantages of their application were allocated, and recommendations for the assessment of internally generated goodwill were provided. As a result of the study, global trends in the accumulation of internally generated goodwill were analyzed, its economic essence and role as an identifier of intangible assets in the management accounting system were considered. The main elements of internally generated goodwill are allocated in accordance with the sources of its formation, which will become the basis for the development of a methodology for its assessment. The accounting and expert directions of assessment of internally generated goodwill are considered, in terms of which the essence, advantages and disadvantages of methods are analyzed, and the possibility of their application to the elements of goodwill is highlighted. It is noted that none of the methods is universal and cannot fully ensure the efficiency of the management of internal goodwill. It is proposed to conduct a comprehensive assessment of internally generated goodwill using various methodologies. As the main ones, methods of additional profit and of profit advantages are proposed, for which the calculation procedure is provided. It is recommended to combine calculation methods with empirical ones based on expert conclusions to increase the objectivity of the input data and the results obtained. Prospects for further research are to develop a detailed system of elements of internal goodwill based on the proposed general approach, methods of their identification and evaluation, and the formation of a system of estimated indicators of such intangible resources.
The Impact of Economic Problems on the Country's Defense Capability
Authors:   Center for Military and Strategic Research of the National Defense University of Ukraine named after Ivan Cherniakhovskyi, Sotnyk Victoriia V.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current threats and challenges of the economic direction, which affect the defense capabilities of our country during the war. Considering the military security strategy of Ukraine, the economic conditions for the implementation of the State policy in the military sphere are singled out. As a result of the study, new threats were identified that arose as a result of the war and affect the provision of adequate defense capabilities of the country. The following problems that arose as a result of military actions were assessed: the hindrance of delivering weapons and foodstuffs to the territory where active military operations are taking place; implementation of export-import operations; decrease in currency operations; increase in fuel prices, which lead to an increase in the material and technical costs of the defense sector; rising inflation; destruction of most military facilities of the defense complex and transport junctions, etc. The following types of military assistance received by Ukraine were considered: receiving equipment under the terms of lend-lease, non-lethal defense equipment under the conditions of direct commercial supplies, free assistance in the form of military-technical assistance and financial resources for the purchase of equipment and weapons under government guarantees. Prospects for further research in this direction are to solve the above problems by attracting additional funding from various countries in the form of loans and grants, as well as the implementation of appropriate measures by the State authorities, the National Bank of Ukraine and other institutions that actively cooperate with the State. The priority economic measures after the end of the war are a timely inventory of the entire defense complex of the country in order to evaluate the equipment that is available; analysis of all the losses caused by the war and the real possibilities of the country to rebuild the defense-industrial complex; formation of a clear plan for the development of not only the defense sector, but all other industries, which will allow ensuring the normal functioning of the country's economy; review of all government programs in the defense sector, in order to exclude inefficient ones; emphasis on priority developments; revision of long-term programs, since they do not take into account the consequences of the war and possible hyperinflation in the country in the postwar period.
Corporate Social Responsibility of Business in the Context of War in Ukraine: The National and Global Dimensions
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Serikova Olha M.
Published: August 2022

The article studies the features of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which were formed in face of the challenges of the war between Russia and Ukraine, resulting in humanitarian and socioeconomic problems. The Russian-Ukrainian war changed the reality of life, including economic activities, which manifested itself in a decline in economic operation of enterprises, bankruptcy events, rising unemployment, a decrease in the level of income of the population. In this regard, the article defines the role and importance of CSR in the context of war for the economy of Ukraine. The article examines the main manifestations of CSR and its modifications in both the national and the global dimensions in the new realities that subsequently have formed new directions and criteria such as financial assistance, humanitarian aid to the population; support with medicines, medical equipment and medical services; assistance in evacuation and accommodation of the population from areas of active hostilities; organization of shelter facilities for the population; assistance to the Armed Forces of Ukraine and territorial defense; payment of taxes in advance; information campaign to spread the truth about the war; promoting staff retention; business relocation; IT support in form of providing free access to information resources. It is also important for the company to be aware of the responsibility to employees and partners who continue to work, often changing their usual duties and switching to work 24/7. At the same time, attraction, focus on human capital, corporate volunteering have become the principles of CSR of business. The development of CSR against the challenges of war contributes to social sustainability. To strengthen the cohesion of Ukrainian society, it is proposed to develop such CSR practices as: social marketing, corporate volunteering; social sponsorship; social entrepreneurship; social investments, which in wartime conditions acquire special importance and form a positive image of business in accordance with new social values.
Employing Internal Audit System towards Business Sustainability: Evaluating its Impact on the Triple Bottom Line Perspective in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Cruz Michael Steve
Published: August 2022

This study aims to formulate a model to show how Internal audit implementation affects the Triple Bottom Line Business Sustainability of Manufacturing Companies in the National Capital Region (NCR) Area. These factors are categorized into three: (1) Financial Performance, (2) Corporate Social Responsibility, and (3) Environmental Consciousness. Moreover, it indicated some additional factors that could affect, such as net worth, firm size, and years of operation. This study stems from the lack of clarity based on existing studies on the practical contribution of internal audits to firm performance. This study is a correlational design under the quantitative research design. This is also considered a moderation analysis design in which the moderating effect of internal audit cost and firm profile on the relationship between internal audit and firm performance were considered. Documentary analysis was employed through publicly listed companies' documents on their corporate website. The researcher used both descriptive and inferential statistics. Multivariate analysis was performed on the gathered data in which there are multiple dependent variables, which was explained by one independent variable – internal audit implementation. Key findings of this study show that internal audit has a significant effect on firm performance, t(301) = 2.5, p = 0.012. It shows that internal audit has been found to have an effect on firm performance, β = 0.139, p = 0.012. This supports the probability that firm performance increases around 0.139 per 1 level increase of internal audit. On the other hand, internal audit has a significant impact on corporate social responsibility, t(301) = 2.27, p = 0.023. It indicates that internal audit has an effect on corporate social responsibility, β = 0.127, p = 0.023. It means there is a probability that, for 1 level increase in internal audit, there is an accompanying 0.127 increase in corporate social responsibility. Lastly, the data gathered indicates that the effect of internal audit on environmental consciousness is non-significant, t(301) = 1.53, p = 0.127. The probability that environmental consciousness increases around 0.114 per 1 level increase of internal audit are supported.
Pemenuhan Rasa Aman Nyaman Nyeri Pada Osteoarthritis Dengan Senam Reumatik Di UPT Pelayanan Lanjut Usia Binjai
Authors: Gultom Fourina , Pangaribuan Resmi , Tarigan Jemaulana
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT The cessation of functional joints limits physical activity in the elderly, and it causes a decrease in quality of life. Physical exercise is the promotive action to prevent and relieve pain by implementing exercise for osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the leading cause of musculoskeletal pain and can result in loss of joint movements such as the weight-bearing joints of the hips, knees, vertebrae and shoulders, finger joints, and ankles. Patients with osteoarthritis usually experience joint pain that persists for a long time. The pain is severe and limits the patient's mobility. The persistent pain can permanently stop the functions of joints. The study aimed to determine the implementation of nursing care in patients with osteoarthritis by providing a nursing diagnosis of impaired fulfillment of sense comfort (pain) using exercise for osteoarthritis. The method used a descriptive case study. The subjects of the study were conducted on 2 patients with the fulfillment of a sense of comfort (pain) in patients with osteoarthritis by using exercise for osteoarthritis. The results of the study showed that exercise for osteoarthritis could reduce pain. Keywords: Pain, Fulfillment, Osteoarthritis, Elderly ABSTRAK Penghentian fungsional sendi dapat membatasi aktivitas fisik lansia, selanjutnya lansia mengalami penurunan dari quality of life sehingga adanya latihan fisik merupakan tindakan promotif sebagai upaya untuk mencegah dan meringankan nyeri serta berfungsi sebagai terapi tambahan salah satu latihan fisik yaitu senam osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis merupakan penyebab utama dari nyeri musculoskeletal dan dapat mengakibatkan hilangnya pergerakan sendi seperti mengenai sendi penopang berat badan yaitu pada panggul, lutut, vertebra dan bahu, sendi jari tangan, dan pergelangan kaki. Penderita Osteoartritis biasanya merasakan nyeri sendi yang berlangsung lama/kronik dan menetap. Rasa sakit yang berat dan membatasi mobilitas pasien. Nyeri yang bertahan lama dapat menghentikan secara permanen fungsional sendi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien yang mengalami osteoarthritis dengan diagnose keperawatan gangguan pemenuhan rasa aman nyaman nyeri pada osteoarthritis dengan senam osteoarthritis. Metode Penelitian ini yang digunakan adalah deskriptif studi kasus . Subjek Penelitian dilakukan pada 2 pasien dengan masalah keperawatan yang sama yaitu pemenuhan rasa aman nyaman nyeri pada pasien osteoarthritis dengan senam osteoarthritis. Hasil Penelitian setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan terhadap pasien kedua pasien yaitu Senam Osteoarthritis diperoleh hasil Senam Osteoarthritis dapat mengurangi nyeri pada penderita penyakit Osteoartritis. Kata Kunci: Pemenuhan Rasa Aman Nyeri, Osteoarthritis, Lansia
Morphometric Analysis of the Ureter with Respect to Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography
Authors: Huang Chunneng , Bian Zhenyu , Zhu Liulong
Published: August 2022

Objective : To analyze the anatomical location of the ureter in relation to lateral lumbar interbody fusion and evaluate the potential risk of ureteral injury.Methods : One hundred eight patients who performed contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans were enrolled in this study. The location of the ureter from L2-L3 to L4-L5 was evaluated. The distances between the ureter and psoas muscle, intervertebral disc, and retroperitoneal vessels were also recorded bilaterally.Results : Over 30% of the ureters were close to the working corridor of extreme lumbar interbody fusion at L2-L3. Most of the ureters were close to working corridor of oblique lumbar interbody fusion, especially at L4-L5. The distance from the ureter to the great vessels on the left side was significantly narrowing from L2-L3 to L4-L5 (28.8±9.5 mm, 22.0±8.0 mm, 15.5±8.4 mm), and it was significantly larger than that on the right side (12.3±6.1 mm, 7.4±5.7 mm, 5.4±4.4 mm).Conclusion : Our findings indicate that the location of the ureter varies widely among individuals. To avoid unexpected damage to the ureter, it is imperative to directly visualize it and verify the ureter is not in the surgical pathway during lateral lumbar interbody fusion.
Role of Neurosurgeons in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Emergency Room
Authors: Lee Sang Hyuk , Nam Taek Min , Jang Ji Hwan , Kim Young Zoon , Kim Kyu Hong , Ryu Kyeong Hwa , Kim Do-Hyung , Kwan Byung Soo , Lee Hyungon , Kim Seung Hwan
Published: August 2022

Objective : With the recent increase in mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the role of neurosurgeons in AIS treatment has become increasingly important. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of patients with AIS treated by neurosurgeons and neurologists in the emergency room (ER) of a tertiary hospital in South Korea.Methods : From January 2020 to June 2021, 536 patients with AIS within 24 hours of symptom onset were admitted to our hospital via the ER. Based on the type of doctors who provided initial care for AIS in the ER, patients were divided into two groups : (a) neurosurgeon group (n=119, 22.2%) and (b) neurologist group (n=417, 77.8%).Results : Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was administered in 82 (15.3%) of 536 patients (n=17 [14.3%] in the neurosurgeon group and n=65 [15.6%] in the neurologist group). The door-to-tPA time was not significantly different between both groups (median, 53 minutes; interquartile range [IQR], 45–58 vs. median, 54 minutes; IQR, 46–74; p=0.372). MT was performed in 69 patients (12.9%) (n=25, 36.2% in the neurosurgeon group and n=44, 63.8% in the neurologist group). The neurosurgeon group achieved a shorter door-to-puncture time than the neurologist group (median, 115 minutes; IQR, 107–151 vs. median, 162 minutes; IQR, 117–189; p=0.049). Good clinical outcomes (3-month modified Rankin Scale 0–2) did not differ significantly between the two groups (96/119 [80.7%] vs. 322/417 [77.2%], p=0.454).Conclusion : The neurosurgeon group showed similar door-to-treatment time and clinical outcomes to the neurologist group in patients with AIS in the ER. This study suggests that neurosurgeons have comparable abilities to care for patients with AIS in the ER.
Half-Centennial History of Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society : Midway from Domestic Journal to International Journal with Good Influence in Global Neurosurgery
Authors: Chung Moonyoung , Yang Hee-Jin , Park Chul-Kee
Published: August 2022

October 2022 marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society (JKNS). Staring as official journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society (KNS) in 1972, JKNS is a journal that is listed in the science citation index (SCI) and its impact factor has been steadily rising in recent years. The past history of JKNS was reviewed with a focus on important milestone, and the direction of future development is suggested.
Intima media thickness of common carotid arteries is associated with traditional risk factors and presence of ischemic heart disease in hemodialysis patients.
Authors: Brzosko S , Lebkowska U , Malyszko J , Hryszko T , Krauze-Brzosko T , Mysliwiec M
Published: August 2022

Patients with chronic renal failure are prone to cardiovascular complications. The mechanisms and the assessment of the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in this population are of interest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the traditional and potential risk factors for the development of CVD and their contribution to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and variation in carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in hemodialyzed patients (HD). Twenty-one chronically HD patients and nineteen healthy volunteers were recruited. Studied parameters were intima-media thickness, body mass index (BMI), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), hemoglobin, fibrinogen (Fbg), serum lipids, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], total homocysteine (tHcy). Mean carotid IMT, tHcy, Fbg and Lp(a) were higher in HD patients compared to the control group. There were no differences in cholesterol (tCh) and triglycerides between these groups. Patients with ischemic heart disease were older and they had higher values of carotid IMT, tCh, triglycerides, Fbg and Lp(a). There were no differences in MAP, time on dialysis and tHcy between the two subgroups (with vs without IHD). Carotid IMT correlated positively with age (r = 0.68, p = 0.001), BMI (r = 0.50, p = 0.02), tCh (r = 0.58, p < 0.01), LDL- cholesterol (r = 0.55, p = 0.01) and Fbg (r = 0.57, p < 0.01) but not with tHcy or Lp(a) in the patients group. Carotid intima media thickness thus reflects the risk for ischemic heart disease in hemodialyzed patients. Elevated fibrinogen concentration and dyslipidemia influence arterial remodelling.
Tekhnik Pemeriksaan Jawaban, Pemberian Skor, Konversi Nilai dan Standar Penilaian
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim , Muslimah Muslimah
Published: August 2022

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sebagian dari konsep-konsep penilaian antara lain teknik pemeriksaan jawaban, pemberian skor, konversi nilai dan standar penilaian. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu studi kepustakaan (library research), yaitu sejumlah aktivitas yang dilaksanakan dengan cara mengumpulkan data kepustakaan berupa buku-buku, article jurnal, regulasi dan sumber lainnya yang berhubungan dengan teknik pemeriksaan, pemberian skor, konversi nilai dan standar penilaian. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencatat bahan kajian kepustakaan yang telah didapat dan memproses kajian untuk mengeksplorasi data tersebut, kemudian melakukan analisis secara sistematis melalui teori berkenaan dengan konsep dan standar penilaian. Hasil temuan ini menyatakan bahwa pemeriksaan hasil tes objektif biasa dilakukan dengan cara manual; pemberian skor soal objektif tes atau soal pilihan ganda juga soal jenis essay atau uraian setiap butir soal diberi skor bervariasi sesuai dengan bobot, dan tingkat kesulitan soal yang standar penilaiannya mengacu pada ranah afektif, kognitif dan psikomorik. Sedangkan konversi nilai dapat dilakukan guru dengan dua teknik, yaitu menggunakan rata-rata juga simpangan baku dan teknik tanpa menggunakan rata-rata juga simpangan baku. Hasil ulangan semester atau ujian sekolah peserta didik yang dibawah KKM dan tidak memungkinkan untuk melakukan remedial disebabkan waktu pembagian rapot yang sempit, maka salah satu cara mengatasinya dengan mengkonversi nilai tersebut sehingga mencapai KKM yang ditetapkan.

Kata Kunci: Penilaian, Pemeriksaan, Skor, Konversi, Standar
Social Cohesion and Community Displacement in Armed Conflict: Evidence from Palestinian Villages in the 1948 War
Authors: Arnon Daniel , McAlexander Richard , Rubin Michael
Published: August 2022

Why do some communities flee their homes during armed conflict, while others remain and risk exposure to further violence? This article investigates whether and how whole communities flee home territory, which we refer to as evacuation, in the context of strategic displacement campaigns. We explain variation in the process of forced displacement. Specifically, we differentiate between preemptive (prior to displacement violence) and violent (in response to displacement violence) evacuation. We theorize that social cohesion enhances communities’ ability to preemptively evacuate by facilitating collective action to evade imminent violence exposure. We test the theory in the context of Arab Palestinian communities’ displacement during the 1948 war in Mandate Palestine. We measure village evacuation drawing upon historical accounts of forced displacement during the war and social cohesion using an original dataset based on new archival material from a survey of Arab Palestinian villages conducted during the early 1940s.
Changes in forage quality of a long-term pasture depending on mineral fertilizer and weather conditions
Authors: Kovshova Valentina , Smirnova Anna
Published: August 2022

The results of research on changes in productivity and nutritional value of long-term pasture grass on drained peat soil depending on the methods of mineral fertilizer and agro-climatic conditions of the Volga-Vyatka economic region are presented. The role of the anthropogenic factor in changing the botanical composition of pasture grass, its productivity and the quality of the resulting feed is assessed. The parameters of the control of the collection of digestible protein from 1 ha of pasture grass under different types of weather have been determined. Experimental data confirm that the use of drained peat soils in grassland farming is the most promising way to solve the problem of forage production and preservation of the organic layer of peat soil.
Zootechnical characteristics of the dagestan mountain breed when perfecting with sheep of the Russian meat merino
Authors: YuLDAShBAEV Yusupzhan , ABDULMUSLIMOV Abdulmuslim , HOZhOKOV Abdusalam
Published: August 2022

The article presents the characteristics of the Dagestan mountain breed when perfecting Russian meat merino with sheep.
Molecular biological methods in animal breeding
Authors: EVDOKIMOV Evgeniy , MALINA Yuliya
Published: August 2022

The article describes three groups of methods used in animal breeding. These methods allow us to obtain important information about the primary DNA sequence of animals, on the basis of which it is possible to predict the productive qualities of the studied population and adjust the conduct of breeding activities.
Use of lupin flour in foods’ production
Authors: TIMOShENKO Elena , YaGOVENKO German , Ruckaya Valentina
Published: August 2022

Use of domestic lupin flour will significantly increase the food safety of Russian Federation by means of replacement of imported protein produced in China; their rate takes 97.5% in our market. Plant protein, particularly the lupin protein answers the demands of actual time – the country needs cheap, qualitative products made from local row material. Nutritional value of lupin flour is determined by balanced content of protein (34-46%), oil (3-10%), fiber (10.6-18.2%) and carbohydrates (15-22%). Lupin flour is used for production of gluten-free foods with dietary and therapeutic properties; flour of lupin husk is full valuable, functionally technological and promising raw materials used as food protein supplement. Food supplement enriched with processed lupin should answer the limit acceptable concentration of alkaloid in foods. Foreign lupin flour production and use have the commercial scope; at the same time it practically stopes out in the RF in spite that the perspective of lupin row materials is declared for food quality improving. The article presents the possibility of lupin flour use in development of foods with functional purposes.
Study of the alfalfa collection in the conditions of the steppe of the Central Chernozem region according to the main economically valuable characteristics
Authors: Saprykin Sergey , Saprykina Natal'ya , Lyubtseva Olga
Published: August 2022

In the southern regions of the country, the leading place among forage grasses belongs to alfalfa, as a more drought-resistant and high-yielding crop. Recently, there has been a warming of the climate on the planet, including in the Voronezh region. Unfavorable and extreme factors and stressful phenomena have become more frequent, such as an intense increase in air temperature in the spring and summer periods, a decrease in the amount of precipitation and the unevenness of their distribution during the growing season. All this leads to the oppression and reduction of crop productivity. Therefore, today, more than ever, the role of the variety and its potential in specific natural and climatic conditions of cultivation is increasing. In the creation of new varieties, it is important to select the source material, evaluate it and select the best samples with the necessary characteristics. The results of the evaluation of the source material in the collection nursery are presented. In order to breed new varieties of alfalfa in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region, the collection samples of this crop were evaluated according to the productivity of green mass and seeds, the most valuable of them were selected for further breeding.
Selection of alfalfa to increase productivity and resistance to fungal diseases
Authors: Solozhentseva Lyudmila
Published: August 2022

The results of alfalfa breeding to increase productivity, resistance to fungal diseases in field and vegetation experiments are presented.
Evaluation of narrow-leafed lupin breeding material for drought resistance and fine seed coat in Bryansk region
Authors: Ageeva Polina , Pochutina Natalya , MISNIKOVA Nadezhda
Published: August 2022

The cultivation of grain legumes is an important reserve for increase of high protein feeds production. The narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is one of the most cultivated species in agriculture. The modern forage varieties are early ripening, tolerate to anthracnose and have high seed protein content and low alkaloid content. The trends in breeding of universal and forage narrow-leafed lupin varieties are drought resistance increase and reduction of seed coat proportion. In early stages of growth and development the estimation of seed ability to grow in sucrose solution under high osmotic pressure is one of the oblique methods for drought resistance determination. These solutions simulate the conditions of physiological soil dryness. Under laboratory conditions 23 narrow-leafed lupin varieties and breeding lines developed in the All-Russian Lupin Research Institute were tested. The variety Vityaz was used as reference; it is listed in the State List of the Russian Federation. The var. Belorozovy 144 and some breeding lines made the first group for high drought resistance level (81–94%). The BL 39-20 has high grain and green mass yield. Eleven varieties and breeding lines included the reference made the second group with the moderate drought resistance level. Lupin has the thick seed coat compared to other legumes; it increases the fiber content and results in digestibility reduction. If the proportion of coat weight and seed weight will be lower, it is possible to hope for the highest nutritive value of grain forage. Among tested varieties and breeding lines the zoned var. Belorozovy 144 has the lowest seed coat content (18.9%). The seed coat content of the breeding lines Uzkolistny 37-12, CmW 62-17 etc. is about 20.5-20.8% among new breeding lines. The breeding line CmW 62-17 stood put for large seeds, this index made 157 g. It overcame the reference by 27 g or by 20.7%.
Forage production technology on the base of mixed yellow lupin and grasses crops
Authors: Slesareva Tatyana
Published: August 2022

The article presents the results of the study of productivity and nutritional value of yellow lupin crops mixed with barley or spring wheat in the South-West part of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. Cultivation of yellow lupin in barley or spring wheat mixed crops at developed sowing rates without mineral fertilizers and herbicides allows increase the yield of dry matter, forage units and metabolic energy per an acreage unit and produce protein balanced forage.
Growth regulators’ action on grain yield formation of white lupin
Authors: YaGOVENKO Tat'yana , ZAYCEVA Natal'ya , Troshina Larisa
Published: August 2022

The results of a comparative test of the growth regulators Circon and Epin-extra for white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) on the potassium monophosphate background are shown. The positive effect of the regulators on the vegetative development of white lupin plants and on development of assimilation surface, on chlorophyll and carotenoids content in leaves was set. Use of the chemicals in lupin crops fostered yield increase. The pre-sowing seed treatment following with spraying by the growth regulators Circon and Epin-extra at the bud formation stage were the most productive way to affect the development of this character. The yield of the var. Dega exceeded the standard one by 10.4 and 8.5% respectively; the yield of the var. Alyi parus — in 17.0 and 13.5%. The different response level of the white lupin varieties Dega and Alyi parus to the action of the growth regulators was observed.
Parametric Design of Hip Implant With Gradient Porous Structure
Authors: Gao Xiangsheng , Zhao Yuhang , Wang Min , Liu Ziyu , Liu Chaozong
Published: August 2022

Patients who has been implanted with hip implant usually undergo revision surgery. The reason is that high stiff implants would cause non-physiological distribution loadings, which is also known as stress shielding, and finally lead to bone loss and aseptic loosening. Titanium implants are widely used in human bone tissues; however, the subsequent elastic modulus mismatch problem has become increasingly serious, and can lead to stress-shielding effects. This study aimed to develop a parametric design methodology of porous titanium alloy hip implant with gradient elastic modulus, and mitigate the stress-shielding effect. Four independent adjustable dimensions of the porous structure were parametrically designed, and the Kriging algorithm was used to establish the mapping relationship between the four adjustable dimensions and the porosity, surface-to-volume ratio, and elastic modulus. Moreover, the equivalent stress on the surface of the femur was optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal gradient elastic modulus of the implant was obtained. Finally, through the Kriging approximation model and optimization results of the finite element method, the dimensions of each segment of the porous structure that could effectively mitigate the stress-shielding effect were determined. Experimental results demonstrated that the parameterized design method of the porous implant with gradient elastic modulus proposed in this study increased the strain value on the femoral surface by 17.1% on average. Consequently, the stress-shielding effect of the femoral tissue induced by the titanium alloy implant was effectively mitigated.
Tocopherol attenuates the oxidative stress of BMSCs by inhibiting ferroptosis through the PI3k/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Lan Dongmei , Yao Chao , Li Xue , Liu Haijiang , Wang Dan , Wang Yan , Qi Shengcai
Published: August 2022

Oxidative stress can induce bone tissue damage and the occurrence of multiple diseases. As a type of traditional medicine, tocopherol has been reported to have a strong antioxidant effect and contributes to osteogenic differentiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of tocopherol on the oxidative stress of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the underlying mechanisms. By establishing an oxidative stress model in vitro, the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, Western blot (WB), real-time PCR (RT-PCR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and Alizarin Red staining (ARS) evaluated the effects of tocopherol on the cell viability, intracellular ROS levels, and osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. In addition, ferroptosis-related markers were examined via Western blot, RT-PCR, and Mito-FerroGreen. Eventually, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was explored. We found that tocopherol significantly maintained the cell viability, reduced intracellular ROS levels, upregulated the levels of anti-oxidative genes, promoted the levels of osteogenic-related proteins, and the mRNA of BMSCs stimulated by H2O2. More importantly, tocopherol inhibited ferroptosis and upregulated the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR of BMSCs upon H2O2 stimulation. In summary, tocopherol protected BMSCs from oxidative stress damage via the inhibition of ferroptosis through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Functionalized 3D scaffolds for engineering the hematopoietic niche
Authors: Bruschi Michela , Vanzolini Tania , Sahu Neety , Balduini Alessandra , Magnani Mauro , Fraternale Alessandra
Published: August 2022

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a subzone of the bone marrow (BM) defined as the hematopoietic niche where, via the interplay of differentiation and self-renewal, they can give rise to immune and blood cells. Artificial hematopoietic niches were firstly developed in 2D in vitro cultures but the limited expansion potential and stemness maintenance induced the optimization of these systems to avoid the total loss of the natural tissue complexity. The next steps were adopted by engineering different materials such as hydrogels, fibrous structures with natural or synthetic polymers, ceramics, etc. to produce a 3D substrate better resembling that of BM. Cytokines, soluble factors, adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and the secretome of other niche-resident cells play a fundamental role in controlling and regulating HSC commitment. To provide biochemical cues, co-cultures, and feeder-layers, as well as natural or synthetic molecules were utilized. This review gathers key elements employed for the functionalization of a 3D scaffold that demonstrated to promote HSC growth and differentiation ranging from 1) biophysical cues, i.e., material, topography, stiffness, oxygen tension, and fluid shear stress to 2) biochemical hints favored by the presence of ECM elements, feeder cell layers, and redox scavengers. Particular focus is given to the 3D systems to recreate megakaryocyte products, to be applied for blood cell production, whereas HSC clinical application in such 3D constructs was limited so far to BM diseases testing.
Bio-Conversion of Waste Paper Into Fermentable Sugars—A Review
Authors: Ojewumi Modupe E. , Emetere Moses E. , Obanla Oyinlola R. , Babatunde Damilola E. , Adimekwe Ebuka G.
Published: August 2022

Pollution generated by solid waste has become a massive source of concern worldwide as the amount of waste being generated has become overwhelming. Waste paper contributes significantly to the overall solid municipal waste being generated daily and with control methods that are equally bad for the environment or just plain ineffective; better, effective, and environmentally friendly control solutions are required. This study reviews the use of various microorganisms as they aid in the control of waste papers in an environmentally conscious way. In addition to being an environmentally friendly solution to the issue of solid waste paper pollution, it is also a prominent source of renewable energy in the conversion of paper into fermentable sugars for the production of bio-ethanol. This review examines the vital revolution in the enzymatic hydrolysis of paper to sugar. Salient challenges that involve bioconversion were highlighted and a few solutions were suggested.