bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Governança da informação no contexto dos módulos contábeis dos sistemas Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) para a indústria 4.0: proposta de framework
Authors: Torres e Silva Marcelo Demichelli , Carvalho Rodrigo Baroni , De Castro José Márcio , Soares Marcos Vinícius
Published: September 2021

Introdução: A gestão de dados e informações como ativos corporativos estratégicos se torna bastante desafiadora no contexto da Indústria 4.0, que traz consigo uma menor estruturação e maior volume de dados com o Big Data, bem como uma maior diversidade de fontes de dados com os sensores da Internet das Coisas. Problemas na Governança da Informação poderão resultar em fraudes, informações inconsistentes, comprometimento da tomada de decisões, roubos de dados e até mesmo multas, conforme previsto em legislação vigente. Ao longo de mais de duas décadas, os sistemas de gestão empresarial ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) se consolidaram como pontos de convergência dos fluxos informacionais corporativos, sendo que seus Módulos Contábeis são um âmago desta integração e desempenham um papel significativo na Governança da Informação. Método: A base teórica desta pesquisa compreende os temas da Governança Corporativa, Governança da Tecnologia da Informação e Governança da Informação. A revisão de literatura considera a necessidade de adaptação dos sistemas ERP aos crescentes avanços tecnológicos da Indústria 4.0, notadamente em Big Data e Internet das Coisas. Resultados: Este trabalho, de cunho teórico, formula um novo conceito para Governança de Informação e propõe um framework para lidar com seus desafios no âmbito da Indústria 4.0. Conclusão: O trabalho discute cenários de aplicação do framework por gestores e profissionais de TI e controladoria em organizações cuja arquitetura informacional é centrada em sistemas ERP.
Technology, Teacher Professional Development and Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Technical report on systematic mapping review
Authors: Hennessey Sara , D'Angelo Sophia , McIntyre Nora , Koomar Saalim , Kreimeia Adam , Cao Lydia , Brugha Meaghan , Zubairi Asa
Published: September 2021

An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF THYMOL AND EUGENOL BY USING RP-HPLC IN PURE AND IN EMULGEL FORMULATION
Authors: Patole Vinita C. , Chaudhari Shilpa P. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune - 411 044, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2021

An attempt was made to develop a simple, selective, rapid and precise high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of thymol and eugenol. Analysis was performed on a C18 column with the mobile phase consisting of solvent %A (water) and solvent %B (acetonitrile) with the following gradient: 0–1 min, 80 % A, 20 % B; 1–7 min, 40 % A and 60 % B; 7–12 min, 10 % A and 90 % B; and 12–15min, 80 % A and 20 % B at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The compounds were well separated on a Thermo Scientific Hypersil BDS RP C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, dp = 5 µm) and ultraviolet detection at 280 nm. The retention times of eugenol and thymol were 10.5 min and 11.6 min, respectively. Validation of the proposed method was carried out according to the guidelines of the International Council on Harmonization (ICH). The linearity of the method is good for thymol and eugenol over the concentration range of 1–50 ppm, and the r 2 values were 0.9996 for both thymol and eugenol. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) value was 0.5ppm and the limit of quantification (LOQ) value was 1ppm for both the analytes. The intra and interday relative standard deviation (RSD) of the retention time and peak areas was less than 3 %.The established method was appropriate, and the two markers were well resolved, enabling efficient quantitative analysis of thymol and eugenol.
DEVELOPMENT OF HERBOMINERAL FORMULATION FROM DAUCUS CAROTA (LINN) FOR WOUND HEALING EFFECTS
Authors: Rajput Rekha Tarasingh , Gohil Kashmira J. , Kumar Sanjeet ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Anand College of Pharmacy Keetham, Agra - 282 007, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: September 2021

A herbomineral formulation was developed in ointment form by using herb extract, mineral and other excipients and evaluated for wound healing effect in excision and incision wound models in rats. Excision wounds sized 500 mm2 and 2 mm depth were used to study the rate of contraction of wound and epithelialization at different time intervals. Incision wounds were used for the study of tensile strength measured on the 10th day. It was observed that the herbomineral formulation in the excision wound model possessed a significant (p<0.001) wound healing effect compared to a positive control group and was nearly comparable with a standard group. In incision wounds, the formulation showed a significant increase in the skin breaking strength compared to control and reference standards.The wound healing effect of the formulation may be attributed to phytoconstituents like flavonoid and phenolic derivatives present in the root extract.The herbomineral ointment was also evaluated for various pharmaceutical parameters and was found to be stable for 45 days.
Educational Challenges in Pakistan: Facts or Falsity
Authors: Aw Yoke Cheng , Ghulam Muhammad  , Aftab ur Rahman
Published: September 2021

Education lays the basis for every country's political, social, and economic growth. A sustainable school framework allows the country to accomplish national targets. As a developing world, Pakistan has faced crucial educational problems since its birth, so the education system has struggled to perform on the nation's expectations. Different variables are responsible for this situation. This study unfolds problems confronting Pakistan's education sector. Education is the primary driver when we speak about leadership and growth that improves the individual and pushes the country towards political, social, and economic living standards. Until now, schooling at any stage trains the individual for the next level until he brings the person to tertiary industry; therefore, there is a strong link with Pakistan's education and growth; obviously, the indicator doesn't reflect positive outcomes. There is an untrained teaching workforce with fluctuating enrollments and limited-resource facilitation, a dual educational medium, inadequate assessment mechanism, and government allocating low budgets to the education system. Moreover, there is a shortage of study that encourages innovative methods of handling decision-making, and gender inequality is often seen as an issue that cannot be ignored, so this subject is chosen as a domain to focus on and advice to address.
Independence of Judiciary in Pakistan: An analysis of 18th & 19th Constitutional Amendments
Authors: Ali Rafia Naz
Published: September 2021

Democracies exist all over the world. In democratic states, elected officials make collective decisions on behalf of the people. People of a state are allowed to regulate their elected officials by unique institutions such as regular elections, the right to free political participation, universal adult suffrage. Similarly, the freedom of the press. In the state where democracy is assured, government agencies (executive, judiciary, and legislature) operate in individual and collective domains to fulfil their constitutional responsibilities. Every person has a direct relationship with these critical institutions, especially the judiciary. The parties' grievances are filed with the state's administrative body in the event of a violation of duty or citizens' rights. Judicial independence is essential for the state's citizens' rights to be protected. If there is judicial independence, there will equal rights for the citizens.
Human relationship and its impact on schools’ performance in secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Rahman Abdur , Ali Arshad , Zeb Alam
Published: September 2021

Teachers, administrators, heads, and students all need to have good relationships to meet educational goals. It has been found that a school's performance is measured by positive relationships between instructors, pupils, administrators, and other stakeholders. As a result, the study aimed to investigate human relationship issues and determine their effects on school success to change the condition in the future. The study's participants were all heads of Government Higher Secondary Schools (GHSS) in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The researchers used basic random sampling techniques to pick 65 heads from all GHSS in Malakand Division for the sample. Since it was a detailed study, the data was collected using a Likert scale questionnaire. The Chi-square tests and percentage used to tabulate and interpret the data in SPSS. According to the findings, the number of teachers does not comply with school administrators. On the one side, the lack of collaboration among staff members impedes a conducive atmosphere at the colleges. The school principals are dissatisfied with the behaviour and actions of the high-ups when it comes to some subject concerning the college. The report has found that political influence and intervention had uprooted and disrupted the whole educational structure. As a result, the suggestion of depoliticizing the education department was given. The Education Ministry should provide daily seminars and training for teachers and principals to strengthen management skills and involvement, commitment in school matters, and sense of duty, which play a vital role in the growth of organizations.
The Role of Co-curricular Activities in Leadership Skills' Development among University Students
Authors: Yousaf Zada Nisar , Dr. Alamzeb
Published: September 2021

Education aims at the balanced personality growth of individuals and offers both curricular and co-curricular activities to realize this goal. Talking about the importance of co-curricular activities in mind, the study investigated the function of co-curricular activities in leadership skills' growth among university students. The research aimed to figure out co-curricular activities among university students, examine the connection between co-curricular activities and students' leadership skills' growth, and establish techniques for co-curricular activities at the university levels. The sample of the research was all 4523 undergraduate students from 06 faculties of the University of Swat. The researchers randomly selected 60 participants for the analysis, created a questionnaire, and validated it by piloting data collection. The data were obtained with self-administered questionnaires and evaluated with frequencies, percentages, and Chi-square test of significance. The study established the strategies of giving equal importance to co-curricular activities, motivation of students for involvement in co-curricular activities, proper scheduling for co-curricular activities, allocation of sufficient financial resources, provision of playgrounds, gymnasiums for arranging indoor, outdoor games and literary activities, and reinforcement of students' contribution in co-curricular activities with a distribution of prizes.
PERANAN AGEN DALAM PENGURUSAN IZIN MASUK KAPAL ASING DI KANTOR BADAN PENGELOLA PELABUHAN BATAM (BPPB) PADA PT. ADHIGANA PRATAMA MULYA BATAM
Authors: Kesuma Netty , Sutria Yuna , Susilawaty Shella
Published: September 2021

Abstrak. Gambaran khususnya pada unit usaha keagenan kapal pada PT. Adighana Pratama Mulya Batam, serta kegiatan-kegiatan instansi pemerintahan yang berhubungan dengan pelayanan dan peranan agen dalam pengurusan izin masuk kapal asing di kantor Badan Pengelola Pelabuhan Batam (BPPB) yang berhubungan untuk terbitnya nota Hold Dana dan Faktur Lunas khususnya dalam hal ini di pelabuhan Batam. Penulis juga menjelaskan tentang alur proses di Badan Pengelola Pelabuhan Batam (BPPB) dimana nota Hold Dana dan Faktur Lunas ini dikeluarkan atau diterbitkan oleh Badan Usaha Pelabuhan Batam (BPPB) untuk mendapatkan Nota Hold Dana Dan Faktur Lunas diperlukan dokumen-dokumen pendukung sebagai referensi bagi pejabat BP Laut dan penulis menjelaskan alur proses yang harus dipersiapkan selaku agen pelayaran untuk mendapatkan pengurusan izin masuk kapal asing dikantor Badan Pengelola Pelabuhan Batam (BPPB) yaitu proses untuk mendapatkan terbit Nota Hold Dana dan Faktur Lunas sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku serta dilakukan dengan cara keagenan mengajukan permohonan didisposisi kapal baru, pengimputan di Ppat,Verivikasi,Hold Dana dan Faktur lunas. Perusahaan pelayaran selaku agen berhubungan langsung dengan instansi-instansi terkait, dengan adanya hubungan yang baik di pelabuhan baik itu terhadap instansi pemerintahan maupun swasta yang dilakukan oleh PT. Adhigana Pratama Mulya Batam merupakan salah satu demi tercapainya kelancaran proses pelayanan terhadap kapal. PT. Adhigana Pratama Mulya Batam juga menjalin hubungan yang baik dengan owner kapal, sehingga perusahaan dapat lebih leluasa menyampaikan informasi mengenai kapal yang sedang di ageni, baik itu mengenai kebutuhan kru kapal, dokumen-dokumen kapal hingga kebutuhan kapal lainnya.
Classification Models for Bank Marketing Campaign: Towards Smart Bank Marketing
Authors:   American University in the Emirates, Dubai, UAE, Freij Ahmad
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we have proposed two models of marketing classification which are Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Linear regression, these two models are the most popular and useful models of classification. In this paper, we represent how these two models are used for a case study of a bank marketing campaign, the dataset is related to a bank marketing campaign, and for Applying the machine learning models of classification, the RapidMiner software was used.
Announcement of Retraction
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: September 2021

The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on November 24, 2022.

If you have any further question, please contact us at: ass@ccsenet.org
Parameters Influencing Citizens’ Levels of Satisfaction: Soft Indicators of ‘Good Governance’
Authors: Pongpiachan Siwatt , Pothisarn Thunyanee , Jaturongkachoke Ketkanda
Published: September 2021

Previous studies highlighted the importance of soft indicators (e.g., quantitative sociological survey) influencing citizen satisfaction towards municipal service quality. Citizen satisfaction assessments have raised concerns over numerous independent parameters such as gender, age, and education on satisfaction levels toward administrative performance. It is also crucial to underline that the application of sociological survey for improving service quality is not well understood by municipal officers or scholars. To obtain substantial combined multiple indicators of service quality, it seems rationale to reconnoitre numerous parameters of citizen satisfaction and quantitatively investigate impacts of independent variables (e.g., gender, age, education) on corresponding satisfaction levels by using some advanced statistical tools. In this sociological assessment, a targeted population was constructed of Bangkok Metropolitan administration (BMA) stakeholders (n = 38,500), which are as follows:

-       Bangkok residents in 50 districts under the governance of BMA

-       Board committee, executive directors and general staff of 27 BMA offices

This multiple dimensional analysis sociological survey data indicates that gender, age, and education play some important roles in governing municipal citizen satisfaction levels. Overall, the knowledge of relationship between citizen satisfaction levels and independent parameters can enhance the service quality of municipal administration.
De Richtlijn representatieve vorderingen
Authors: van Hattum B.
Published: September 2021

De Richtlijn representatieve vorderingen

Op 24 november 2020 is de Richtlijn representatieve vorderingen (RVV) door de Europese Commissie aangenomen en gepubliceerd. De RVV verplicht alle lidstaten om een afwikkelingssysteem van massaclaims aangaande consumentenbelangen te ontwikkelen en in wetgeving te verankeren. Het systeem dient te voorzien in een collectieve actie voor het stoppen of herstellen van een inbreuk op consumentenrechten. Ook moet het systeem voorzien in de mogelijkheid om in collectieve vorm schadevergoeding te kunnen vorderen. Nederland kent al een afwikkelingssysteem voor massaclaims. Dit systeem is sinds de jaren negentig zorgvuldig ontwikkeld op inhoudelijk en strategisch front. In deze bijdrage wordt bekeken hoe de Nederlandse wetgever de kracht van het door hem ontwikkelde afwikkelingssysteem voor massaclaims kan waarborgen in het licht van de inhoud van de RVV.

Richtlijn (EU) 2020/1828 van het Europese Parlement en de Raad van 25 november 2020 betreffende representatieve vorderingen ter bescherming van de collectieve belangen van consumenten en tot intrekking van Richtlijn 2009/22/EG (PbEU 2020, L 409/1-27).

Conceptversie van de Implementatiewet richtlijn representatieve vorderingen voor consumenten d.d. 1 mei 2021 inclusief de memorie van toelichting en consultatiereacties.
Locally, together and close to the child - how the citizenship of school employees leads to the implementation of global standards of child protection
Authors: Czyżewska Monika
Published: September 2021

For social pedagogy, it is important to answer the question whether the school and its surroundings are today a place where adults, aware of social and legal responsibility, adequately respond to suspicions of domestic violence against schoolchildren, and whether there is a dissemination of child protection standards, which are emphasized in international documents. Using the case study method, in Warsaw's Praga district (which was the Polish "cradle" of interdisciplinary work in the 1990s) I conducted two research (using an interview technique) on the role of schools in preventing child abuse. 10 respondents took part in the first phase of the study in 2009, while in the second phase (in the years 2019–2020) – 15 respondents.
The aim of the study (in both phases) was to identify experiences regarding the quality of cooperation among school employees as members of interdisciplinary teams, in two periods of teams’ activity: before the introduction of the amendment to the Act on Counteracting Domestic Violence in 2010, and after its introduction – from 2011 (the aim of the article is to compare these experiences from both periods). The results of the research show that cooperation within the interdisciplinary teams established by the amendment is generally perceived positively by the members of these teams, although those who cooperated before the amendment, i.e., not obligatorily, define today's cooperation as too formalized and bureaucratic. The respondents' statements prove that currently interdisciplinary teams (from the perspective of a school employee in the Praga-Południe district) are less effective, and participation in their work, although obligatory, is relatively less frequent than when the meetings were voluntary.
Risk and protective factors in the school environment. Case study of two former charges of social rehabilitation centres
Authors: Jaros Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the issue of the risk and protective factors in the school environment of women who, during their adolescence, were formally controlled by the institutions of the system to prevent the demoralization of children and adolescents. The theoretical basis for the analyses was the concept of resilience. The main research problem is presented in the following question: What (risk and protective) factors occur in individual experiences of women – former charges of social rehabilitation centres. The study used the method of individual cases, while the technique of obtaining data was an autobiographical narrative interview. Based on the analysis of the obtained material, risk and protective factors in the school environment of narrators were listed. The configuration of these factors was reconstructed and their protective or risky value from the point of view of the development of the demoralization process was estimated. The most important conclusion is that the same factors (close relationship with a teacher, inadequate education) constituted a different value in the narrators' lives. The studies also showed the processual nature of the formation of the cumulative risk in the school environment. The conclusions confirm the importance of a case-by-case approach in assessing the value on individual (protective and risk) factors.
Concepts of parent and early stage pupil according to the teacher in the context of online learning
Authors: Adrjan Beata , Koterwas Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

School concepts of pupil and parent that arose during online learning forced by a pandemic are the main problem discussed in this article. An attempt was made to reconstruct them on the basis of the analysis of the statements of teachers in an early stage education. The teaching concepts present in the statements and the resulting concepts of pupil are illustrated with a didactic metaphor: for a report, without procedures, incomplete, interrupted or missed cognitive opportunities. From this image emerges a pupil as a robot, confused loner, apparent researcher or blindfolded researcher. The concepts of parent metaphorically presented in the text are: ghost, playmate, transmission teacher, actor, controller, postman , lector. The concept of pupil, parent and online learning turns out to be resistant to new contexts resulting from the reorganization of the didactic process. Parents in online learning were forced to act for the school benefit (curriculum implementation). According to the teacher's statements, pupils and parents were to carry out learning activities in the same way as the school did before the lockdown; through the realization of the transmission model of teaching, monocentrically understood cooperation with parents and school: the main beneficiary of learning activities carried out at home. Online learning was not used to change, on the contrary, it has consolidated traditional school concepts of teaching, pupil and parent.
Internationale Investitionen in Form von Gesellschaftsbeteiligungen
Authors: Berrsche Philipp
Published: September 2021

One of the most important differences between the investment protection law of the past, which is based on the law of diplomatic protection and customary aliens law, and modern investment protection law, which is based on a large number of international treaties, including international treaty provisions on the procedural enforcement of claims, is the question of whether, in addition to the company whose rights have been violated by state measures, its shareholders are also entitled to a legally enforceable claim for compensation under international law.

The thesis is dedicated to the proof of the following theses:

1.) Foreign shareholders have a fundamental right of action, regardless of the amount and whether it is a direct or indirect shareholding.

2.) In order to guarantee that the principles of the rule of law are observed in mass proceedings, the existing ICSID-regulations need to be supplemented by "additional procedural rules" which have yet to be formulated.
Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil
Authors: Kindhäuser Urs , Zimmermann Till
Published: September 2021

Der Allgemeine Teil des Strafrechts zählt wegen seines hohen Abstraktionsgrades und der nahezu unüberschaubaren Zahl von Meinungsstreitigkeiten zu den kompliziertesten Materien in der juristischen Ausbildung. Die Neuauflage des Lehrbuchs von Kindhäuser und Zimmermann bringt die ausbildungsrelevanten Themenbereiche verständlich, komprimiert und leserfreundlich strukturiert nahe. Es eignet sich sowohl zur ersten Einführung in den Allgemeinen Teil des Strafrechts als auch zur Wiederholung des Stoffes.
Kreative Maschinen und Urheberrecht
Authors: Käde Lisa
Published: September 2021

The interdisciplinary analysis examines machine learning (ML) frameworks used in AI development and gives practical answers to copyright issues arising in this matter. A special focus lies on database protection of ML models. Furthermore, the thesis offers an opinion on text and data mining restrictions in the AI context. Regarding the production of potentially copyrightable works by means of ML, the author discusses the issue of copyright attribution, suggests a solution, and proposes a flow chart to identify the author in various scenarios. In view of a potentially increasing autonomy of AI, an introduction to the interconnection of the concepts of intelligence, creativity and Computational Creativity is provided.
Crowd Work und Plattformökonomie
Authors: Schneider-Dörr Andreja
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses the question of whether crowd workers on microtask platforms should be classified as employees. For years, this has been disputed from the perspective of labor law, but with a certain tendency to deny it. However, the BAG ruled in December 2020 that a crowd worker can be an employee by and large. So how are the circumstances to be assessed that make a crowd worker an employee (or non-employee)? That is what this paper investigates.

In the first part of the paper, we review various empirical studies on crowd work and analyze the functioning of platforms. Economic and organizational sociology are also considered. In the second part, concrete case analyses from a self-experiment are presented in order to be able to evaluate them in terms of labor law. In the third part, two aspects are opened up, firstly, how the divergence between the national and the European legal concept of employee is again revealed in crowd work. On the other hand, new forms of regulation are suggested: For example, does Regulation P2B Regulation (2019/1150) not fit many of the problems of platform work? What about its applicability to platform work? What about "regulation by design"? Finally, it must be considered, how labor law can cope with new forms of work and, above all, forms of new organizational methods.
Künstliche Künstler
Authors: Truttmann Paul A.
Published: September 2021

For a long time, the natural sciences owed their success to the strategy of reducing phenomena to a few effective causes. Today, an additional approach is emerging: thinking in terms of complex systems.

It explains a kind of illusory world that is beginning to establish itself between reality and humans, e.g., passionate gamers: the world of simulation. The most explosive example is so-called artificial intelligence. It claims to be able to emulate human characteristics. This bold claim confronts us with old and new questions: Can machines really learn? Are they even intelligent? Can a robot be more than wires, transistors and programs? And last but not least: Who are we – the humans?
Prevalence and Determinants of Maternal Mortality in Southeastern Iran (2013 - 2017): A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ghasemi Marzieh , Noori Narjes , Parnian Ghazaleh , Ayubi Erfan , Narouei Farangis
Published: September 2021

Background: Recognizing the factors affecting maternal death can lead to the adoption of strategies to prevent similar deaths. Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence and causes of pregnant mothers' death in the population covered by Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study, the files of 126 pregnant mothers who died during 2013 - 2017 were evaluated. Demographic and obstetrics information and variables related to maternal mortality, such as maternal mortality ratio (MMR), the cause of mother’s death, the time of mother’s death, and place of death, were evaluated in general and separately in each city (i.e., Zahedan, Khash, Saravan, and Chabahar) based on descriptive statistics and according to the nature of the variables. Results: Maternal mortality ratio in Zahedan was 174.96 per 100,000 case, in Khash 190.56 per 100,000 cases, in Saravan 371.87 per 100,000 cases, and in Chabahar 384.03 per 100,000 cases. Bleeding was the most common cause of death (42.53%), 61.9% of pregnant women were living in rural areas, 80.2% died in the third trimester of pregnancy, and 42.9% died in first 24 hours after delivery. The most common underlying disease was hypertension, 70.6% of mothers died in hospitals, and 47.6% were illiterate. The most common cause of maternal death in Zahedan was cardiac disease, in Khash it was hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, eclampsia, and preeclampsia, and in Saravan and Chabahar the leading cause was bleeding. Conclusions: Maternal mortality ratio was high in Sistan and Baluchestan. The investigation of the causes of maternal deaths showed that some of these deaths are avoidable. It is also necessary to improve midwifery emergencies management with intensive monthly courses to increase team capabilities for making the best use of golden time measures.
Synopsis of Overdoing Democracy
Authors: Talisse Robert B. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

A brief synopsis of Overdoing Democracy: Why We Must Put Politics in its Place (Oxford University Press, 2019), which introduces the book.
Current Treatment Strategy for Superficial Nonampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Suwa Tetsuya , Takizawa Kohei , Kawata Noboru , Yoshida Masao , Yabuuchi Yohei , Yamamoto Yoichi , Ono Hiroyuki
Published: September 2021

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the standard treatment method for esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. However, it has not been standardized for duodenal lesions because of its high complication rates. Recently, minimally invasive and simple methods such as cold snare polypectomy and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection have been utilized more for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs). Although the rate of complications associated with duodenal ESD has been gradually decreasing because of technical advancements, performing ESD for all SNADETs is unnecessary. As such, the appropriate treatment plan for SNADETs should be chosen according to the lesion type, patient condition, and endoscopist’s skill.
tinbl:bein fra middelalderens Lund
Authors: Steenholt Olesen Rikke
Published: September 2021

A small piece of a tubular sheepbone (length: 6,5 cm, diameter: 2 cm) was found in 1961 during an archaeological excavation of the medieval town of Lund. The artefact is contextually dated to the second half of the eleventh century. The bone piece is provided with finely carved teeth and carries an inscription in runes. The identification of each rune character is uncomplicated. The inscription says: tinbl:bein. The second sequence bein represents the noun Rune Danish bæin, Old Danish bēn ‘bone’ in all probability with reference to the piece itself and it is plausible that the inscription forms a compound designating the utensil in question, but which utensil? The difficult task is to interpret tinbl? The first suggestion by the late runologist, Erik Moltke, related the runes to the noun Rune Danish tæinn, Old Danish tēn ‘spindle’ and alternatively, to the noun and verb Old Danish twinnæ ‘a twine/to twine’ suggesting the artefact being a utensil for twining threads together, i.e. a twining-bone. Erik Moltkes suggestions seem neither linguistically nor technically convincing. The bone piece was a unique find in 1961, but now a number of similar archaeological artefacts seem to constitute a whole group. In this article, I suggest that the sequence tinbl reflects the noun Old English timple known as a loan word in post-medieval Nordic languages. The present day English form is temple and the present day Danish form is tempel and the word designates an implement used in weaving. Consequently, the runic object must be a temple-bone (Old Danish *timpelbēn) an end-piece of a primitive medieval temple.
Underground
Authors: Atwood Blake
Published: September 2021

How Iranians forged a vibrant, informal video distribution infrastructure when their government banned all home video technology in 1983.

In 1983, the Iranian government banned the personal use of home video technology. In Underground, Blake Atwood recounts how in response to the ban, technology enthusiasts, cinephiles, entrepreneurs, and everyday citizens forged an illegal but complex underground system for video distribution. Atwood draws on archival sources including trade publications, newspapers, memoirs, films, and laws, but at the heart of the book lies a corpus of oral history interviews conducted with participants in the underground. He argues that videocassettes helped to institutionalize the broader underground within the Islamic Republic.

As Atwood shows, the videocassette underground reveals a great deal about how people construct vibrant cultures beneath repressive institutions. It was not just that Iranians gained access to banned movies, but rather that they established routes, acquired technical knowledge, broke the law, and created rituals by passing and trading plastic videocassettes. As material objects, the videocassettes were a means of negotiating the power of the state and the agency of its citizens. By the time the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance lifted the ban in 1994, millions of videocassettes were circulating efficiently and widely throughout the country. The very presence of a video underground signaled the failure of state policy to regulate media. Embedded in the informal infrastructure—even in the videocassettes themselves—was the triumph of everyday people over the state.
Lying in a 3T MRI scanner induces neglect-like spatial attention bias
Authors: Lindner Axel , Wiesen Daniel , Karnath Hans-Otto
Published: September 2021

The static magnetic field of MRI scanners can induce a magneto-hydrodynamic stimulation of the vestibular organ (MVS). In common fMRI settings, this MVS effect leads to a vestibular ocular reflex (VOR). We asked whether – beyond inducing a VOR – putting a healthy subject in a 3T MRI scanner would also alter goal-directed spatial behavior, as is known from other types of vestibular stimulation. We investigated 17 healthy volunteers, all of which exhibited a rightward VOR inside the MRI-scanner as compared to outside-MRI conditions. More importantly, when probing the distribution of overt spatial attention inside the MRI using a visual search task, subjects scanned a region of space that was significantly shifted toward the right. An additional estimate of subjective straight-ahead orientation likewise exhibited a rightward shift. Hence, putting subjects in a 3T MRI-scanner elicits MVS-induced horizontal biases of spatial orienting and exploration, which closely mimic that of stroke patients with spatial neglect.
Evaluating changes in student health, wellbeing and social circumstances before and during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in Australia
Authors: Post Dannielle , Vitry Agnes , Baldock Katherine L.
Published: September 2021

The impacts of COVID-19 have been felt on a global scale, with associated physical distancing restrictions and economic downturn having flow-on effects for mental health and wellbeing across the community, and for university students in particular. First-year pharmaceutical and medical science students completing a common introductory population health course at an Australian university are routinely surveyed at the beginning of the semester as part of the course. Survey data inform teaching approaches based on understanding the ‘real life’ commitments and health profiles of students, and deidentified data form part of the teaching material. The 2020 student cohort was invited to complete a second follow-up survey during COVID-19 physical distancing restrictions. A total of n = 126 students completed both the initial and follow-up surveys (50.6% response rate), and n = 99 (39.8% of the total cohort) consented for their data to be included in research. There was a non-significant decrease in student employment; however, 22% of all students reported loss of work due to COVID-19. There was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of students undertaking sufficient levels of physical activity, and a statistically significant increase in reported family stressors associated with loss of employment or an inability to gain employment between March and May 2020. Two-thirds of respondents reported increased stress as an impact of the transition to online learning. Implementation of holistic strategies, incorporating attention to additional factors influencing students’ capacity to engage in study, and which may have long-term impacts across the life of the degree program, should be considered.
Anthropogenic transformations of river ecosystems are not always bad for the environment: Multi-taxa analyses of changes in aquatic and terrestrial environments after dredging of a small lowland river
Authors: Stryjecki Robert , Zawal Andrzej , Krepski Tomasz , Stępień Edyta , Buczyńska Edyta , Buczyński Paweł , Czachorowski Stanisław , Jankowiak Łukasz , Pakulnicka Joanna , Sulikowska-Drozd Anna , Pešić Vladimir , Michoński Grzegorz , Grabowski Michał , Jabłońska Aleksandra , Achrem Magdalena , Olechwir Tomasz , Pietrzak Lech , Szlauer-Łukaszewska Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

Rivers are one of the most commonly transformed aquatic ecosystems. Most papers present significantly negative effects of activities such as dredging or channel regulation on the ecological status of rivers. The purpose of this work was to compare the response of various groups of invertebrates (Mollusca, Hydrachnidia, Odonata, Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Trichoptera) to an intervention involving dredging in conjunction with the removal of riparian vegetation. Habitat diversity increased after the dredging, and more individuals and species were caught than before the dredging. The increase in habitat diversity after the dredging translated into an increase in the species diversity of most investigated groups. Individual groups of invertebrates showed varied responses to the dredging, depending on the role of the terrestrial phase in their life cycle: the greater the role of the terrestrial phase in the life cycle, the more the group was affected by changes in the terrestrial environment following the intervention. In consequence, the intervention had the greatest negative impact on insects, and among these, on adult Odonata. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Dredging can benefit a previously anthropogenically transformed river ecosystem by increasing habitat diversity; (2) Odonata are particularly useful for assessing the impact of this type of intervention on invertebrate communities. They can be considered good indicators of habitat disturbances in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
The Reader's Limit on Interpreting Allah's Book
Authors: YOUUSEF Abdulsalam
Published: September 2021

Modern dönemde ortaya çıkan ve “Modernist okuma biçimi” diye isimlendirilen eleştirel okuma, yeni teoriler geliştirmek suretiyle sürekli bir değişim içine girmiştir. Söz konusu teorilerin sonuncusu ise okuyucunun hâkimiyeti teorisi
olarak bilinmektedir. Yani okuyucunun, metinden anlam çıkarmada müellife katılabilmesidir. Hatta okuyucu, daha da ileri gidip müellifi ve metni yok sayıp konuya ilişkin kendi düşünce ve fikirleirni ön plana çıkarabilmektedir. Bu
teoride, okuyucunun, müellifi arka plana atıp tahlil ve yorumlarda kendini merkeze koyup bir anlam yaratmaya çalıştığı bilinmektedir. Eseri, yazarın kişiliği ve hayatı üzerinden açıklamak ise en eski edebî çalışmalardan biriydi.
Daha sonra bu durum, metnin tahlil ve çalışmanın odak noktası olduğu sistematik laik müfredatın rolüne dönüştü. Sonra gelen postmodern yöntemler, okuyucuyu saran prangalardan kurtarmak istediler. Bu teori ise iddia ettikleri gibi
eleştirel düşünceyi konuşmacının gücünden kurtaran, edebiyatta konuşmacının referansından edebi konuşmanın kendisinin referansına olan eleştiriyi özgürleştiren okuyucunun otoritesi teorisi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Sonra durum,
laik Arapların Kur’ân metninin bu otorite aracılığıyla okunmasını (tefsir edilmesini/yorumlamasını) talep etmeleri noktasına geldi. Peki Kur’ân bu teoriye boyun eğecek midir? Bunun sonuçları ne olacaktır? Bu araştırma, Kur’ân’ın
hitabını ve okuyucunun otoritesini ele alarak okuyucunun bu mukaddes söylem karşısında otoriteye ne kadar sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın yöntemi betimleme, analiz ve eleştirel bir karşılaştırmaya dayalı bilimsel
bir yaklaşım sergilemektedir. .
Tokat Ahi Pasha Complex and Its Economic Structure in the XIX Century
Authors: AYKAÇ Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Ahi Paşa, 12 Ramazan 765/6 Haziran 1364 tarihinde Tokat Merkez Hoca Cemaleddin Mahallesinde bir cami, caminin kuzeyinde bir zaviye, zaviyenin sağında, bir sofa, bir kışlık oda, bir fırın ve ekmekhaneden oluşan bir külliye inşa ettirmiştir.
Bu külliyeye gelir getirmek üzere Tokat merkez, Artukâbad ve Kazâbad’ta çeşitli köyler, değirmen, dinkhâne, dükkân ve bostanlar vakfedilmiştir. Vâkıf, külliyede görev yapmak üzere nâzır, hükkâm, imam, müezzin gibi kadrolar ihdas
etmiş ve bu görevlere atanmak için adaylarda birtakım şartlar aranmasını şart koşmuştur. Devlet Arşivler Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi, Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi ve şer’iyle sicillerinde yapılan taramalarda külliye ile ilgili
bazı belgeler saptanmıştır. Ancak vakfın ekonomik yapısını geniş bir perspektifte ortaya koyacak belgelere ulaşılamamıştır. Muhasebesi ile ilgili 1574 tarihli Defter-i Evkaf-ı Rum’da ve 53 nolu Tokat Şer’iyle Sicilinde birkaç kayıt
tespit edilmiştir. Bu kayıtlar üzerinde yapılan incelemede tarihi süreç içerisinde vakfın bazı akarlarına el konulduğu, zamanla külliye işlevini yitirip sadece cami olarak hizmet verdiği görülmüştür. XIX. yüzyıla ait muhasebe kayıtlarından
akarlardan elde edilen gelirden vergiler mürtezika maaşı, kahve, duhan parası ödendiği, vâkıfın vakfiyede yapılmasını şart koştuğu diğer hususların yerine getirilmediği anlaşılmıştır. Ahi Paşa Külliyesi ile ilgili vakfiyesine dayalı
özel bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Ancak birkaç çalışmada yapı mimari olarak incelenmiş, birkaç çalışmada ise tarihi hakkında genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
Prevalencia y susceptibilidad de Cryptococcus neoformans aislados del suelo y excretas de palomas en la ciudad de Maceió - Al, Brasil
Authors: Nunes Calumby Rodrigo José , Porfirio da Silva Davi , Teotônio de Farias Moreira Rossana , Cabral Silva Juliane , Meireles Grillo Luciano Aparecido , Dos Santos Araújo Maria Anilda
Published: September 2021

Introducción: Cryptococcus neoformans es una levadura encapsulada, que se encuentra en fuentes ambientales, incluyendo excrementos de palomas. Tiene una gran relevancia clínica porque es el agente etiológico de la criptococosis, considerada una causa importante de mortalidad en personas inmunocomprometidas en todo el mundo. But: determinar la prevalencia y susceptibilidad de C. neoformans aislados del suelo y excremento de palomas en la ciudad de Maceió - Alagoas, Brasil. Méthodologie: Se recolectaron 150 muestras (50 de excretas secas, 50 de excretas frescas y 50 del suelo) y cultivaron en Agar Dextrosa Sabouraud. Las colonias aisladas sugestivas de C. neoformans se sometieron a identificación y caracterización mediante análisis morfológicos, actividad de la enzima fenol-oxidasa, sensibilidad a la cicloheximida, desarrollo a 37°C, hidrólisis de urea, asimilación de carbono y nitrógeno y fenotipificación en medio canavanina-glicina-azul de bromotimol. La prueba de susceptibilidad antifúngica se realizó utilizando la técnica de difusión en agar. Résultats: se obtuvieron 36 (24%) muestras positivas para C. neoformans, de las cuales 33 fueron de excretas secas y 3 del suelo cercano al excremento. El perfil de susceptibilidad fue de 100.0% para anfotericina B y 87.4% para ketoconazol, no obstante, hubo un alto porcentaje de resistencia a fluconazol (91.5%) e itraconazol (80.0%). Conclusión: estos hallazgos confirman que las excretas de palomas secas son reservorios de C. neoformans en el medio ambiente, caracterizando un problema de salud única. Además, la anfotericina B exhibió una alta actividad in vitro, representando buena alternativa en el tratamiento de la criptococosis.
Diagnósticos e percepções de uma formação docente sobre simulação realística de alta fidelidade na área da saúde
Authors: Taglietti Marcelo , Zilly Adriana , Boscarioli Clodis
Published: September 2021

Introdução: a simulação realística de alta fidelidade é uma metodologia empregada na área da saúde para formação profissional e carecem estudos que investigam a formação docente para o emprego no ensino superior. Objetivo: a pesquisa visou verificar a percepção docente após treinamento de docentes da área da saúde no emprego da simulação realística de alta fidelidade. Metodologia: trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa, cuja amostragem foi composta por onze docentes da área da saúde. Os sujeitos participaram de um treinamento em simulação realística de alta fidelidade envolvendo definição, objetivos, recursos, etapas metodológicas e operacionalização, aos quais, responderam dois questionários semiestruturados pré e pós-treinamento envolvendo o domínio de ensino e aprendizagem. Os dados colhidos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, do tipo temática, proposta por Bardin. Resultados: verificou-se que a concepção dos participantes acerca da simulação realística traz benefícios a prática docente, aproxima o discente da realidade profissional, sendo uma ferramenta útil no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, o domínio de novas tecnologias, além de estimular o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências.  Conclusão: os docentes apontaram que a simulação difere no ensino tradicional, diminui o risco dos discentes frente as situações clínicas, desenvolvendo habilidade e competências de tomada de decisão, criatividade, iniciativa, liderança, organização e gerenciamento do tempo.
Perfil da tuberculose em populações vulneráveis
Authors: Souza Aguiar Fábio Henrique , De Sales Calhau Guilherme , Ferreira Lachtim Sheila Aparecida , Da Costa Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Lima de Freitas Giselle
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e epidemiológico das pessoas privadas de liberdade e da população em situação de rua com tuberculose em Belo Horizonte. Metodologia: estudo ecológico descritivo. A fonte de dados foi o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do município de Belo Horizonte-MG, de 2015 a 2017. Resultados: observou-se 43 casos de tuberculose em pessoas privadas de liberdade e 188 na população em situação de rua, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino, raça preta ou parda e com idade média de 38 e 40 anos, respectivamente. Nos dois públicos a escolaridade foi inferior a 12 anos e a maioria não era beneficiária de auxílio financeiro. Como comorbidades destaca-se a coinfecção HIV/TB, o alcoolismo e o tabagismo. A ocorrência de tuberculose multidrogarresistente foi de 5% entre os privados de liberdade. Destaca-se a baixa realização do teste rápido molecular. O tratamento diretamente observado foi pouco implementado nos dois grupos e o abandono foi a principal situação de encerramento na população de rua. Conclusões: o perfil sociodemográfico identificado apresenta características de grupos em situação de vulnerabilidade, com menos acesso a diagnóstico e tratamento de qualidade e desfechos mais desfavoráveis na tuberculose. Espera-se mais atuação das autoridades sobre os determinantes sociais de vulnerabilidade, visando sucesso na cura e controle da tuberculose.