bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La jurisprudence constitutionnelle est-elle prévisible ?
Authors: Disant Mathieu , Miller Sébastien
Published: November 2020

Le souci de la sécurité juridique dans l’évolution de la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel ou le traitement de ses conséquences se manifeste par des agencements pratiques et de bonnes méthodes. C’est une nécessité au regard de la situation du Conseil constitutionnel, à la fois libre et démuni pour réguler l’évolution de sa jurisprudence. L’attention portée aux méthodes généralement associées, en France et à l’étranger, à l’évolution sereine de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle conduit le Conseil constitutionnel à développer diverses approches contentieuses destinées à garantir la sécurité juridique. Correction, explication, incrémentalisme, préfiguration, prudence, progressivité et circonscription, sont ainsi autant de bonnes pratiques de la sécurité juridique en actions.
La jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel – mise en perspective avec la CEDH – sur les validations législatives et les autres lois rétroactives
Authors: Roux Jérôme
Published: November 2020

Les principes directeurs du contrôle de constitutionnalité des validations législatives et des autres lois rétroactives, correspondent désormais en tous points aux exigences posées par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. En revanche, la coexistence dans la jurisprudence du Conseil entre ces principes et d’autres lignes jurisprudentielles, potentiellement moins strictes bien qu’elles aient aussi pour objet d’encadrer la rétroactivité des lois, soulève la double question de la cohérence interne de l’ensemble et de sa correspondance avec la jurisprudence de la Cour dont le Conseil s’inspire pourtant
Les relations franco-portugaises
Authors: Derou Jean
Published: November 2020

Cette étude, justifiée par l’insuffisance et le caractère parcellaire des travaux sur l’histoire des relations franco-portugaises, propose, par un renversement de tendance, un examen de l’Europe par un chercheur africain. Elle s’attache à la reconstitution de l’histoire des relations franco-portugaises de 1910 à 1926 et procède selon une approche globale, embrassant les rapports économiques, politiques et diplomatiques entre la France et le Portugal, analysant à la fois les liens entre les deux Etats et gouvernements et ceux qui ont existé entre les forces sociales et politiques des deux pays.

L’ouvrage s’inscrit néanmoins dans le cadre chronologique délimité par la proclamation et la chute de la première république parlementaire portugaise et s’articule autour de la période centrale de la guerre de 1914-1918, par la raison que le contexte international qui a précédé celle-ci et lui a donné naissance, tout comme celui qui l’a suivie a fortement influencé les relations entre les deux pays.
L’émigration française
Authors: Fouché Nicole
Published: November 2020

Les Français émigrent-ils ? Où vont-ils ? Quels sont les Français qui émigrent ? Paysans ? Artisans ? Citadins ? Ruraux ?

Autant de questions que l’on peut se poser auxquelles la présente étude lente d’apporter quelques éléments de réponse.

Étant donné Faire sur laquelle opère le C.R.H.N.A., priorité a été accordée aux Etats-Unis et au Canada, auxquels sont consacrés la plupart des articles. Il a pourtant semblé intéressant de dépasser ce cadre géographique du côté de l’Algérie, afin de faciliter une approche comparative. Restreindre l’étude aux seuls États-Unis aurait limité le phénomène migratoire au risque de le déformer, voire de le trahir.

Cet ouvrage présente plusieurs méthodes d’investigation du phénomène « émigration française » : essai statistique sur la série des passeports de Bordeaux, histoire orale et interview des Basques de Baïgorri, analyses de sources variées et jusqu’à ce jour peu ou pas utilisées telles que les archives militaires (arrondissement de Sarrebourg en Lorraine), archives de la police parisienne en 1848, celles de la préfecture de la Seine. Les auteurs ont aussi utilisé des sources plus classiques, celles du mini stère des Affaires Étrangères, les séries M des Archives départementales, et des sources imprimées (récits et commentaires de voyageurs français aux États-Unis) pour en tirer des informations nouvelles sur l’émigration française. La variété des sources et les différentes méthodes d’approche font l’originalité du présent volume. Elles contribuent à donner une image concrète de l’émigration et montrent bien les différentes voies d’accès à la connaissance du sujet.
L’aide publique de la France au développement du Gabon depuis l’indépendance (1960-1978)
Authors: Maganga-Moussavou Pierre-Claver
Published: November 2020

Cette étude représente une contribution solide à la connaissance des mécanismes fondamentaux qui perpétuent le sous-développement, singulièrement dans un pays comme le Gabon, dont les richesses naturelles exploitées sont déjà considérables. Il constitue un apport de qualité à la compréhension des redoutables problèmes posés aux jeunes Etats de l’Afrique noire contemporaire et notamment aux pays qui furent colonisés par la France.

En effet P.-C. MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU démontre l’ampleur des contraintes imposées par l’aide publique de la France qui perpétue des liens de type colonial. Mais il met aussi, avec courage, l’accent sur le comportement de certaines élites gabonaises, peu compatibles avec les exigences d’un développement conforme aux traditions africaines et à l’indépendance économique.

Ce livre d’une grande qualité scientifique et humaine implique particulièrement qu’une conception nouvelle de la Coopération entre la France et les pays africains s’impose désormais.
A Visual Saliency-Based Approach for Content-Based Image Retrieval
Authors: Khan Aamir , Jalal Anand Singh
Published: November 2020

During the past two decades an enormous amount of visual information has been generated; as a result, content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has received considerable attention. In CBIR the image is used as a query to find the most similar images. One of the biggest challenges in CBIR system is to fill up the “semantic gap,” which is the gap between low-level visual features and the high-level semantic concepts of an image. In this paper, the authors have proposed a saliency-based CBIR system that utilizes the semantic information of image and users search intention. In the proposed model, firstly a significant region is identified with the help of method structured matrix decomposition (SMD) using high-level priors that highlight the prominent area of the image. After that, a two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) is used as a feature, which is compact and effectively used for fast recognition. Experiment results are validated on different image dataset having an extensive collection of semantic classifications.
Applications of Cognitive Intelligence in the Information Retrieval Process and Associated Challenges
Authors: Rath Mamata , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. , Oreku George S.
Published: November 2020

Information retrieval refers to a noteworthy system of identifying relevant information and recovering it through specific procedures from stored system. These technique is used in many differentiated applications that deal with subjective intelligence. Applications based on information retrieval are identified with various issues, for example, in technology domain, the sudden size changes of the objectives as they approach the sensor. If not taken care of appropriately, the altered changes can present substantial issues in information affiliation and position estimation. Under such a system, the meaning of the objective state is the fundamental advance for programmed comprehension of dynamic scenes. This is the reason of requirement of cognitive models for information retrieval. The existent models move around the connection between data list terms and records.
Using Community of Inquiry to Scaffold Language Learning in Out-of-School Gaming
Authors: Li Ke , Peterson Mark , Wang Qiao
Published: November 2020

This paper reports on a project that draws upon the framework of the community of inquiry to support game-based language learning outside classroom. Case study design was employed to collect and analyze both qualitative and quantitative data, with a view to investigating the participants' language development, participation, and perception. This study spanned a 6-week period and involved 11 intermediate English learners in China. The volunteer participants played an interactive adventure game in an out-of-class setting, with the instructor present and scaffolds available online. Results showed that the participants gained statistically significant vocabulary development and believed they made progress in listening and reading. Moreover, it is found that the participants were the most active in the first two and final weeks. The findings also showed general satisfaction and improved learning autonomy, highlighting the pivotal role of the instructor. The paper concludes by discussing its limitations and identifying future research directions.
Exploring the Technological Impacts
Authors: Ibrahim Fahmi , Zainin Nurfadhlina Mohamad
Published: November 2020

Aside from educating the public, museums are adapting to the changing world as they have become one of the popular sites for cultural heritage tourism. Thus, from tourists and educational activities, they generate an increase in the number of visitors every year. With the emergence of interactive technology, it enables museums to produce better visiting experience especially when technology able to facilitate the visitor-exhibition interactivity in diverse ways. This paper investigates visitors' satisfaction and findings demonstrate a detailed insight on how the interactive technology in museum approach shapes the visiting experience. Basically, this study will show the process of creating repeat visitation from the effects of technology use in the museums. Interactive exhibitions with technology use are required in enhancing visitor satisfaction. A conceptual framework is developed to provide guideline and knowledge in understanding the role of interactive technology to secure visitor satisfaction and repeat visitation particularly in the context of Brunei Darussalam.
Study of Microleakage between Teeth and Glass Ionomer Cement Modified with 5% Silica from Sea Sand
Authors: Sundari Iin , Diansari Viona , Rahmayani Liana , Septiani Dwi , Ginting Dheya Amelia
Published: November 2020

Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is the most commonly used restoration material because of biocompatible material. GIC is restoration material that can be attached to enamel either to dentin physicochemically. The adhesion properties of teeth to restoration have an effect on marginal adaptation. This causes different attachment values. An alternative difference in attachment can be achieved by adding bioactive glass silica material to glass ionomer cement. The formation of hydroxyapatite can be occurred by bioactive glass silica between the tooth surfaces and the restoration materials and it is been expected to reduce microleakage rates. The purpose of this study was to seen the effect of adding 5% silica nanoparticles from sea sand to the GIC on microleakage rates. In this study, silica was synthesized from sea sand by using coprecipitation method. Specimens were 20 maxillary premolars were classified into two groups which were applied GIC (n=10) and silica 5% modified GIC as restorations (n=10). The specimens were immersed in 5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, then were observed under stereomicroscope and SEM. There were a difference score microleakage and mean value of distance between silica 5% modified GIC with enamel and dentin had smaller distance, as compared to GIC.
The Antibacterial Effect of Soursop Leaf Extract on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923tm (In Vitro)
Authors: Nasution Minasari , Amelia Sri , Hasibuan Khairiyani Asri
Published: November 2020

Purpose: This study was to determine the Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) soursop leaf extract antibacterial activity against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923TM at a concentration of 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50%. Method: This study is an experimental laboratory with design Post Test Only Control Group Design by using soursop leaf extract at a concentration of 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50% respectively. Each test is repeated four times to determine the average Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Soursop leaf extract is made by the dilution method using a medium Nutrient Broth (NB) and sub-cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). The number of colonies of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923TM are counted using a manual calculation in the media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Test Kruskkal Wallis there are differences in the antibacterial effect that was significant (p <0.05), soursop leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923TM from each treatment group. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration was 90% and the minimum bactericidal concentration is 100% committed. The number of colonies of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria ATCC® 25923TM at 100% concentration 0 CFU/mL 90% 234.50 CFU/ml and at concentrations of 80, 70, 60 and 50% could not count the number of colonies due to > 300 CFU/mL. As for the diameter of inhibitory zone at 100% concentration 10,625 mm, 90% 8,875 mm, 6,750 mm 80% and 70%, 60%, 50% reporting no inhibition zone diameter. Conclusion: The p-value of Kruskkal Wallis is p<0,05 which shows that there is a significant difference between the inhibition of soursop leaf extract with a concentration of 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50% on growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923TM. Thus, soursop leaf extract has antibacterial effects against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923TM.
Endodontic Retreatment and Comprehensive Endo-Prosthetic of Premolars: A Case Report
Authors: Rahayu Fitri Setia , Santosa Pribadi , Nugraheni Tunjung
Published: November 2020

Background: The failure of endodontic treatment caused by failure of the restoration and bacterial invation. Alongside proper chemical and mechanical preparation and hermetic obturation of the root canal system, another essential factor is ensuring a permanent and hermetically-sealed restoration following endodontic treatment. Endodontic retreatment encompasses the efforts to salvage a failing previously endodontically treated tooth. As a result of advances in endodontic materials and adhesive systems, restorations in the form of fiber post and adhesively cemented crown are becoming a choice in cases of teeth that have extensive damage. Case: A case is presented a 45-year-old female was referred to Prof. Soedomo Dental Hospital with a complaint of pain in mandibular second premolar which was earlier endodontically treated. Clinical and radiographic examinations showed damaged restorations, gutta percha filling that are not hermetic and radiolucent on periapical. A successful endodontic retreatment premolar using rotary retreatment file and preparation with crown down technique using rotary progressive multiple tapering file, with comprehensive endo-prosthetic treatment using prefabricated fiber post and porcelain fused to metal crown. Conclusion: Clinical and radiographic evaluation after 6 months showed complete healing and good adaptation of the restoration. The outcomes of this case showed that failure of endodontic retreatment respond favorably to endodontic retreatment, with proper indication, prefabricated fiber post and porcelain fused to metal crown can provide an effective conservative and esthetic option for reinforcing endodontically treated teeth.
IL-37 Expression Is Downregulated in Lesional Psoriasis Skin
Authors: Rønholt Kirsten , Nielsen Ane Langkilde-Lauesen , Johansen Claus , Vestergaard Christian , Fauerbye Astrid , López-Vales Rubèn , Dinarello Charles A , Iversen Lars
Published: November 2020

IL-37 broadly suppresses inflammation in various disease models. However, studies of the regulation and role of IL-37 in psoriasis are limited and contradictive. Using transcriptome analysis, PCR, protein determination, and immunofluorescence, we demonstrated marked downregulation of IL-37 in biopsies from human lesional psoriasis skin compared with paired samples of nonlesional skin. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that IL-37 was localized to stratum granulosum of the epidermis. TNF-α stimulation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes led to increased IL37 expression through a p38 MAPK-mediated mechanism, whereas IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-17F, and IL-22 acted suppressively. Intradermal injection with recombinant human IL-37 into imiquimod-induced psoriasis skin of C57BL/6J mice demonstrated a trend toward a protective effect, however NS. Altogether, these results demonstrate that IL-37 is downregulated in human lesional psoriasis skin. This may be a consequence of the loss of stratum granulosum, but key cytokines in the development of psoriasis also seem to contribute to this downregulation.
Editoriale - La procreazione assistita ed il consenso informato
Authors: Fiori Angelo
Published: November 2020

Non disponibile.
Il consenso di chi non può consentire in sperimentazione clinica: etica e GCP a confronto
Authors: Bignamini Bignamini
Published: November 2020

In sperimentazione, il consenso di chi non può consentire costituisce l’incrocio di quattro condizioni alternativamente su base reale o formale: a) posizione etica o legalmente corretta; b) informazione e consenso, o documentazione del consenso; c) impossibilità fisica o tecnica; d) atti che non implicano o implicano utilità diretta per il paziente.

Le incapacità previste dalla GCP sono: 1. non sa (o non può) leggere e scrivere; 2. minore o legalmente incapace ma con capacità reale; 3. minore o legalmente incapace senza capacità reale, o incosciente, con rappresentate legalmente accettabile; 4. minore o legalmente incapace senza capacità reale, o incosciente, senza rappresentante legalmente accettabile. Per queste condizioni la GCP prevede procedure precise che però possono porsi in contrasto con l’accettabilità etica e produrre conflitti con i comitati di etica, anche perché la GCP considera equivalenti il soggetto e il suo rappresentante, posizione accettabile in studi terapeutici ma non accettabile per studi non terapeutici.

Quando l’incapacità al consenso è formale non c’è sostanzialmente contrasto fra GCP ed etica, purché l’informazione sia data in maniera completa e vi sia la possibilità reale di consentire liberamente. Su questi aspetti si concentrerà il comitato di etica.

Quando l’impossibilità a consentire è reale, il comitato di etica ed il medico sperimentatore, vincolati ad operare sotto le condizioni specifiche degli interventi medici straordinari in emergenza, aventi come condizione irrinunciabile il presumibile beneficio per il soggetto stesso, potrebbero respingere su base vincolante etica e deontologica, anche protocolli formalmente conformi alla GCP.
Bioetica clinica – Considerazioni bioetiche su un caso clinico: P. P. di anni 35
Authors: Porteri Corinna
Published: November 2020

Si propone l’analisi etica di un caso clinico di ambito psichiatrico, giunto all’attenzione del Comitato etico delle Istituzioni Ospedaliere Cattoliche di Brescia.

Per una proposta di soluzione a questa storia clinica, insieme al riferimento alla documentazione internazionale relativa ai diritti dell’uomo in generale e ai diritti del malato di mente in particolare, l’Autore indica la necessità di assumerne la prospettiva etica secondo cui il bene della persona più debole, il benessere di questo malato, è “bene per me”.

L’analisi del caso proposto evidenzia in particolare il dovere della medicina di accostarsi alla persona malata nella sua interezza, attraverso l’attenta considerazione della sua storia e degli aspetti fisico, mentale e sociale che la costituiscono.

Il caso pone inoltre la questione di una specifica discussione bioetica del disturbo mentale, tema che non sempre entra nelle trattazioni classiche della bioetica.
L’eutanasia nella prospettiva dello stato costituzionale tra principi e valori
Authors: Calabrò Gian Pietro
Published: November 2020

In questo articolo l’Autore ha voluto sottolineare la strettissima connessione tra la tutela del diritto alla vita e la natura dello Stato di diritto costituzionale. Due sono gli ambiti entro cui questo legame sembra entrare in fibrillazione: l’inizio e la fine della vita. L’Autore contesta infatti la possibilità di una configurazione giuridica dell’eutanasia, quale diritto di morire. Dopo aver analizzato la situazione legislativa de iure condito e de iure condendo, esamina la nozione di indisponibilità del bene vita entro la prospettiva dei principi e dei valori costituzionali. In quest’ultima prospettiva emerge infatti come la “natura” dello Stato costituzionale sia ancorato alla nozione di persona umana e ai suoi diritti inviolabili, di cui il diritto alla vita rappresenta quel diritto previo, pre-condizione di ogni altro diritto. In questo senso esso allora è principium essendi dello stesso ordinamento giuridico, che trova in esso la sua ragion d’essere e il suo criterio di legittimazione
The ethical challenge of genetic testing for breast cancer
Authors: Surbone Antonella
Published: November 2020

The scientific importance of our recently acquired ability to test for heredity predisposition to breast and ovarian cancers is paralleled only by its social and ethical relevance. Dilemmas are common in all genetic testing, but they assume particular nuances in the setting of breast cancer. Due to its devastating nature and to its increasing incidence, breast cancer is a central issue in women’s health. Breast cancer patients and women in general are often deeply involved in understanding the disease process and the treatment options, as they are in discussing the psychological, social and moral ramifications. This paper is a reflection upon some qualitative aspects of the debate that surrounds genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer, as they have emerged in my encounters with breast cancer patients prior to their decision to consider genetic testing. The five recurrent themes identified in those conversations may or may not be representative of other practice situations, but they illustrate some fundamental philosophical, ethical and moral questions which exist at the core of our human essence and of our moral agency, and which point to the unavoidable intertwinement of medicine, culture, normativity and philosophy, vis-à-vis the many questions raised by genetics. The Author has intentionally refrained from questionnaires, which could betray the complexity of our thinking process, and from the vignettes, as they could betray confidentiality. The paper concludes that the correct answers to the dilemmas posed by genetic testing for breast cancer predisposition can only arise from a blend of medical, social and philosophical analysis.
Exploring the Pain in Patellofemoral Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining Signs of Central Sensitization
Authors: Sigmund Kemery J. , Bement Marie K. Hoeger , Earl-Boehm Jennifer E.
Published: November 2020

Background

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) has high recurrence rates and minimal long-term treatment success. Central sensitization refers to dysfunctional pain modulation that occurs when nociceptive neurons become hyperresponsive. Researchers in this area of PFP have been increasingly productive in the past decade.

Objective

To determine whether evidence supports manifestations of central sensitization in individuals with PFP.

Data Sources

We searched MeSH terms for quantitative sensory testing (QST) pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), conditioned pain modulation (CPM), temporal summation, sensitization, hyperalgesia, and anterior knee pain or PFP in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, and EBSCOhost.

Study Selection

Peer-reviewed studies that were written in English and published between 2005 and 2020 and investigated QST or pain mapping in a sample with PFP were included in this review.

Data Extraction

The initial search yielded 140 articles. After duplicates were removed, 78 abstracts were reviewed. The full text of 21 studies was examined, and we included 15 studies in our evaluation: 6 in the meta-analysis, 4 in the systematic review, and 5 in both the meta-analysis and systematic review.

Data Synthesis

A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for 4 QST variables (local PPTs, remote PPTs, CPM, temporal summation). Strong evidence supported lower local and remote PPTs, impaired CPM, and facilitated temporal summation in individuals with PFP compared with pain-free individuals. Evidence for heat and cold pain thresholds was conflicting. Pain mapping demonstrated expanding pain patterns associated with long duration of PFP symptoms.

Conclusions

Signs of central sensitization were present in individuals with PFP, indicating altered pain modulation. The etiologic and treatment models of PFP should reflect the current body of evidence regarding central sensitization. Signs of central sensitization should be monitored clinically, and treatments with central effects should be considered as part of a multimodal plan of care.
Preseason Baseline Neurocognitive Performances and Symptom Reporting on Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing: A Comparison of Adolescent Student-Athletes Tested in Spanish and English
Authors: Karr Justin E. , Garcia-Barrera Mauricio A. , Marsh Jacqueline M. , Maxwell Bruce A. , Berkner Paul D. , Iverson Grant L.
Published: November 2020

Context

Student-athletes are commonly administered the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery at preseason baseline and postconcussion. The ImPACT is available in many languages, but few researchers have examined differences in cognitive performances and symptom ratings based on the language of administration.

Objective

To examine differences in ImPACT neurocognitive composites and symptom reporting at preseason baseline testing between student-athletes who completed ImPACT in Spanish versus English.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Preseason baseline testing for a high school concussion-management program in Maine.

Patients or Other Participants

Adolescent student-athletes who completed testing in Spanish (n = 169) and English (n = 169) were matched on age, gender, and health and academic history. Language groups were compared on each outcome for the full sample and for gender-stratified subsamples.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Neurocognitive composite scores and individual and total symptom severity ratings from the ImPACT battery.

Results

Athletes tested in Spanish displayed lower levels of neurocognitive performance on 2 of 5 composite scores (visual motor speed: P < .001, d = 0.51; reaction time: P = .004, d = 0.33) and reported greater symptom severity (P < .001, r = 0.21). When the analyses were stratified by gender, similar visual motor speed differences were observed between language groups among boys (P = .001, d = 0.49) and girls (P = .001, d = 0.49), whereas reaction time showed a larger group difference for boys (P = .012, d = 0.42) than for girls (P = .128, d = 0.21). Language-group differences in symptom reporting were similar for boys (P = .003, r = 0.22) and girls (P = .008, r = 0.21), with more frequent endorsement of physical and affective symptoms by athletes tested in Spanish.

Conclusions

Language-group differences in total symptom severity were small (r = 0.21) and in neurocognitive performances were small to medium (d = 0.05–0.51). Versus previous authors who compared athletes tested in Spanish and English with ImPACT, we observed smaller effects, which may be attributable to close matching on variables related to neurocognitive performances and symptom reporting.
Diabetic retinopathy screening guidelines in India
Authors: Raman Rajiv , Ramasamy Kim , Rajalakshmi Ramachandran , Sivaprasad Sobha , Natarajan S
Published: November 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an emerging preventable cause of blindness in India. All India Ophthalmology Society (AIOS) and Vitreo-Retinal Society of India (VRSI) have initiated several measures to improve of DR screening in India. This article is a consensus statement of the AIOS DR task force and VRSI on practical guidelines of DR screening in India. Although there are regional variations in the prevalence of diabetes in India at present, all the States in India should screen their population for diabetes and its complications. The purpose of DR screening is to identify people with sight-threatening DR (STDR) so that they are treated promptly to prevent blindness. This statement provides strategies for the identification of people with diabetes for DR screening, recommends screening intervals in people with diabetes with and without DR, and describes screening models that are feasible in India. The logistics of DR screening emphasizes the need for dynamic referral pathways with feedback mechanisms. It provides the clinical standards required for DR screening and treatment of STDR and addresses the governance and quality assurance (QA) standards for DR screening in Indian settings. Other aspects incorporate education and training, recommendations on Information technology (IT) infrastructure, potential use of artificial intelligence for grading, data capture, and requirements for maintenance of a DR registry. Finally, the recommendations include public awareness and the need to work with diabetologists to control the risk factors so as to have a long-term impact on prevention of diabetes blindness in India.
Anal cancer with isolated ischial fossa lymph node metastases
Authors: Mohamad Issa , Abuhijlih Ramiz , Alkaldi Mousa , Al-Ibraheem Akram , Khatib Sami , Abuhijla Fawzi
Published: November 2020

Carcinoma of the anal canal is relatively rare cancer with a low propensity for metastasis. A literature review identifies two cases with ischial fossa metastases from anal cancer. The authors present the case of a 62-year-old male with moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal who presented with isolated ischial fossa lymph node (LN) confirmed by fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was treated with concurrent chemoradiation. Ischial fossa LN was included in the high-dose radiation volume. Posttreatment imaging showed complete clinical response. This case highlights a rare metastatic site from anal cancer treated successfully with primary chemoradiation and shows an example of tailored treatment approach of oligometastatic disease from anal cancer.
Diffuse-type giant cell tumor
Authors: Degirmenci Erdem , Sahin Abdullah Alper , Bulum Yunus Emre , Gamsizkan Mehmet , Orhan Zafer
Published: November 2020

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, relatively benign intra-articular lesion characterized by slowly progressing proliferation of the synovial tissue. It is most commonly observed in the knee joint. Localized and diffuse types are two types of PVNS depending on the synovial involvement. Arthroscopic and excisional resections are recommended as the treatment methods for the PVNS. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy can be adjuvant therapeutic options for the widespread masses. In this study, we presented a case of diffuse PVNS originating from the patellar fat pad.
Trends in the characteristics of skin melanoma in accordance with time intervals
Authors: Tas Faruk , Erturk Kayhan
Published: November 2020

Aim:

The incidence of skin melanoma has increased dramatically in recent years. The aim of this study was to analyze the trends in the features of Turkish cutaneous melanoma patients in a 25-year period

Materials and Methods:

A total of 1258 adult melanoma patients who had been managed and followed up at a tertiary referral center between 1993 and 2017 were included in the study.

Results:

Males were predominant which did not vary between time intervals. There was an increase in the percentage of older patients over the years, whereas no change was observed in the percentage of younger patients. As the percentage of lower extremity melanoma dropped, the percentage of truncal melanomas rose. Both the incidences of thick (T3–T4) and thin melanomas (T1) were found to increase over time by 13.4% and 3.8%, respectively. There was no significant change in the percentage of the metastatic disease; however, Stage III disease was found to multiply by 10.1% and local disease was found to fall by 8.5% over the period. The percentages of patients with nodular histopathology and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were found to plummet, and there was a slight decline in the percentages of patients with high mitotic rate and lymphovascular invasion.

Conclusions:

Most likely because of the delayed diagnosis, cutaneous melanoma was found to be associated with less favorable prognostic features as the time lapsed. We suggest that effective campaigns for public awareness of melanoma be implemented so the screening and early diagnosis of the disease can be promoted.
Temporal Distribution of Solar Cycle 24 Sunspot Groups: Comparison to Cycles 12-23
Authors: Takalo Jouni
Published: November 2020

Abstract We analyze the temporal distribution of sunspot groups for even and odd cycles in the range SC12-SC24. It seems that cycle 24 is a characteristic even cycle, although with low amplitude. The number of large sunspot groups for cycle 24 is relatively smaller than for the average of both even and odd cycles SC12-SC23, and there is a deep decline of the large groups in the middle of the cycle. Temporal evolution of the sunspot groups of the even cycles is non-synchronous such that the northern hemisphere distribution of groups maximizes earlier that the southern hemisphere groups. This leads to a double-peak structure for the average even cycle. On the other hand, the distributions of the sunspot groups of odd cycles maximize simultaneously. We show that this double-peak structure intensifies the Gnevyshev gap (GG) for the even cycles, but is not its primary cause. On the contrary, we show that the GG exists for even and odd cycles, and separately on both hemispheres. We resample all cycles to have equal number of 3945 days and study the difference in the evolution of average total group area and average group area of the even and odd cycles separately. The analysis shows that there is a decline in both total area and average area in the even cycles 1445 days (about four years) after the beginning of the cycle, which is at least 99 % significant for both total and average area. The odd cycles do not have such a clear decline.
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THIN BAR SUBJECTED TO A LOADING SYSTEM WITHIN COMPLEX BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: MINH ĐẶNG HOÀNG , PHÚC NGUYỄN HỒNG , ĐỨC NGUYỄN VIỆT , BÌNH PHÙNG VĂN
Published: November 2020

The research on determination of the statical and lateral stability region of thin bar subjected to a loading system within the complex boundary conditions has been studied in this paper. The loading system includes axial force, uniformly distributed loads and bending moment at both ends of the bar. Both ends of the bar are embeded steadily, while in the literature elsewhere they are simply pin supports. Energetic and analytical methods were used to solve the proposed problem. Having said that, the authors have developed an explicit mathematical model that allows calculating and analysing the critical state of thin bar under the abovementioned complex loading system. Besides, the numerical calculation to verify the reliability of the obtained model was also carried out and it turned out the relatively insignificant error. The outcomes of this paper could be used broadly for mechanical and civil engineering, as well as many others in the engineering area.
LOSS AVERSION IS CONSISTENT WITH STOCK MARKET BEHAVIOR
Authors: Azar Samih Antoine
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to verify that discrete statistical distributions of the US stock market are consistent with loss aversion. Loss aversion has the following tenets: an S-shaped valuation function, characterized by diminishing sensitivity, a loss aversion coefficient higher than +1, probability weighting, and reference-dependence. Diminishing sensitivity implies that the exponent of the valuation function is between 0 and +1. It is expected that this exponent be higher for losses. Probability weighting replaces objective with subjective probabilities. Loss aversion is indicated by a coefficient higher than +1 for the valuation of losses. There are three parameters: the two exponents of the valuation function, and the loss aversion coefficient. There is one non-linear equation: the certainty equivalence relation. The procedure is to fix two parameters and find the third parameter by solving the non-linear certainty equivalence equation, using the EXCEL spreadsheet. The program is repeated for more than one case about the fixed parameters, and by enriching the analysis with probability weighting. The calibrations executed point strongly to the conclusion that loss aversion is consistent with six discrete distributions of the first two moments of returns of the US stock markets. The calibration process provides for reasonable estimates of the key parameters of loss aversion. These estimates suggest a more pronounced diminishing sensitivity, and a higher than expected coefficient of loss aversion, especially when probability weighting is imposed.
Blockchain: The Essential Future of Modern
Internet
Authors: Pagalla Bhavani Shankar
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the future of modern internet, named as “Blockchain”. Blockchain is renowned as the
worlds populating a type of new software platform for all kinds of digital assets. In a form of, forms of blocks
data will be stored or recorded in blockchain, and emerged & protected and secured by the conceptual of
Cryptography. After release of bitcoin, the “Modern Internet : Blockchain” became a high peak internet
protocol , which is transforming the values of data from a node to node in a block and working in a
decentralized manner. Blockchain is a state of art technology that is always associated with a great level
(layer) of security and privacy In today’s tremendous technology innovations, blockchain technology is not
only implemented in crypto-currencies , but also in social and corporate segments too, like e-commerce,
e-governance, logistics and many others.
Alcohol Detection System in Vehicle for Human
Safety
Authors: A. Vijaya Durga and Pagalla Bhavani Shankar Addepalli Jaya Varma
Published: November 2020

In this paper the objective is to design a system that detects the state of the driver before he takes the control
of the vehicle. Where the system takes driver breath as the input to the MQ3 sensor. With the combination of
the Arduino UNO and GPS& GSM Module for the communication purpose to send the alert message and
location of the vehicle to the near ones and LCD display to show the present state of the driver and by using
ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module to check and communicate the data through web page
IMF: To Enhance the Shelf-Life of Food
Authors: Srijeeta Saha
Published: November 2020

Drying is the oldest method of food preservation. By reducing the moisture content and water activity the
microbial stability of the food materials can be increased. The minimum water activity (aw) for microbial
growth is approximately 0.6. But in case of dehydration the texture, palatability and some physical
properties of the food materials can be decreased. Intermediate moisture food (IMF) are shelf-stable products
having water activities of 0.6-0.84, and the range of the moisture content from 15%-40% and are edible
without rehydration. Osmotic dehydration has many advantages include low processing temperatures, short
drying times, and 20%-30% lower energy consumption than typical dehydration processes. Sugar is the most
important agent used as the humectants for candied intermediate moisture fruits, and salt is used for
intermediate moisture vegetables and fish. Most of the fresh fruits can be transformed into IMF or candied
fruit (also known as crystallized fruit) without adding synthetic colors and flavors or gelling agent. In this
review paper the how different IMF enhance the self-life of the food materials are discussed.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Medicinal
Plants used in Traditional Medicine
Authors: ArunakumarN C and Ranjith Y
Published: November 2020

Fundamental screening of phytochemicals is a significant advance, in the location of the bioactive
standards present in restorative plants and therefore may prompt medication disclosure and improvement.
In the current examination, chief phytoconstituents of the six chose restorative plants of various families were
distinguished so as to relate their essence with bioactivities of the plants.Screening of six chose therapeutic
plants was performed for the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, phlobatannins,
starches, glycosides, coumarins, alkaloids, proteins, emodins, anthraquinones, anthocyanins and
leucoanthocyanins utilizing standard strategies.All the chose restorative plants were found to contain
tannins and flavonoids. In addition, terpenoids were additionally present in all the chose plants aside from P.
dactylifera. but P. dactylifera. Then again, saponins and steroids were missing in all plants aside from S.
chirata and phlobatannins were missing in all plants aside from R. sativus. Likewise, starches, glycosides
and coumarins were available in all the chose plants aside from P. dactylifera and R. sativus. Alkaloids were
available in all the chose plants aside from F. religiosa, P. dactylifera and R. sativus. Proteins were available
just in F. religiosa and S. chirata. Though emodins, anthraquinones, anthocyanins and leucoanthocyanins
were missing in all the chose six plants.It is evident from the study that S. chirata is of highest therapeutic
efficacy possessing majority of phytochemical classes of compounds and P. dactylifera is of lowest
therapeutic potential due to the absence of majority of phytoconstituents.
Changing Scenario of Manufacturing Industries
Due to Covid 19
Authors: Ruchira Srivastava and Vijay Kumar Srivastava
Published: November 2020

The introduction of Industry 4.0 were already generating various changes in operations of manufacturing
sector before the pandemic situation and now after the pandemic conditions things have become more tough
and challenging. Since March 23rd 2019 the home quarantine and lockdown situation has completely shut
down the whole country after this pandemic condition started trending across the globe. The main objective
of this paper is to study about these challenges which are being faced by the manufacturing industries. &
how these situations are tackled in Covid 19.
Cyprus – Political Impact on its Cultural Heritage
Authors:   Associate Professor at the School of History, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China, 100089., Feldbacher Rainer
Published: November 2020

This article provides an overview of how the fate of cultural assets depends on political and social circumstances, in the course of the history of a country or region. In Cyprus, troubles for cultural heritage are evidenced not only by the history and the propagandistic means used by two ethnicities (Turks and Cypro-Greeks), but also by the influence of various foreign powers. Cultural heritage fell victim to robbery, looting and destruction. The article is based on two levels: The emphasis should first be on the political situation, the population and their historical heritage from antiquity to the present, then on the associated problem, which affects cultural heritage and tourism countries with it relying on. Very often, the controversy between theory and practice comes to the surface. Cultural assets have always been, and continue to be, victims of ethnic, religious and political conflicts, as well as economic and social poverty.
MENEMUKENALI KONSEP ETIKA DAN SIKAP KONSELOR PROFESIONAL DALAM BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING
Authors: Alawiyah Desi , Rahmat Hayatul Khairul , Pernanda Syahti
Published: November 2020

The complexity of the problems faced by students today, of course, is followed by the endurance of the individual both physically and psychologically. Therefore, a counselor should have sufficient insight, knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes in carrying out guidance and counseling services for all types of diversity in order to create a professional counselor. Therefore, this paper tries to identify the ethical concepts and attitudes of professional counselors in guidance and counseling so that later professional counselors are formed in terms of ethics, attitudes, and personal qualities of the counselors. This writing uses a literature study approach and content analysis techniques. The findings in this paper are (1) the counselor's professional ethics are the rules of behavior that become a reference for the counselor in carrying out his duties or responsibilities in providing guidance and counseling services to the counselee; (2) the counselor's professional attitude includes being responsible, caring about professional identity and professional development, having an awareness of commitment, being skilled at using special techniques developed on the basis of broad insights and scientific principles, understanding and managing personal and professional strengths and limitations. and maintaining objectivity and maintaining the counselee's problems, and (3) the efforts made by the counselor in developing his professional attitude and ethics, namely by developing attitudes during pre-service education and developing attitudes during his tenure
How to define the adult in 2020?
Authors: Herzog Maria
Published: November 2020

Today adulthood seems to be characterized also by a certain number of obligations and the assumption of responsibilities. It is an age in which the life course in the form of an institutional processing program seems to be undermined. This can be seen in the extended periods of schooling, teaching, training and the associated shortening of the working phase of a lifetime. Adulthood is to be understood as a social construct resulting from current demands and ideas. A diverse multidisciplinary presentation of the demands placed on adults will be discussed and a holistic representation of the concept of the adult will be developed. Which educational, biological, philosophical, legal, economic and psychological approaches and theories are relevant here? In view of this, adulthood can currently be defined on the basis of various interdisciplinary characteristics. Adulthood is defined as a phase that is open to development and begins with (sexual) maturity. The adult moves between dependence and autonomy, striving for autonomy. The adult is also characterized by responsibility and "wisdom". Adulthood is therefore to be understood from the perspective of contemporary educational science as a phase of development in which the relationship of the individual to himself and his environment changes through the mastering of age-related demands and the examination of the social and material environment. The adult thereby experiences himself/herself as a legally mature being who assumes economic and social responsibility for him/herself.