bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Didaktische Kriterien für den Einsatz digitaler Medien im inklusiven Unterricht
Authors: Bernet Felix , Schnebel Stefanie
Published: March 2022

Medien wird eine besondere Bedeutung für die Gestaltung von Inklusion im Unterricht zuerkannt (Bosse, Schluchter & Zorn, 2019). Im Projekt „Digital-enriched Inclusive Teaching and Learning (DigITAL)“ (2020-2023) wird ein Konzept zur Förderung der medienpädagogischen und -fachdidaktischen Kompetenzen von Lehramtsstudierenden unter dem Fokus der Inklusion entwickelt und beforscht. Das Konzept fokussiert auf Planungs- und Reflexionskompetenz sowie die Weiterentwicklung der Überzeugungen zu medienbasiertem inklusivem Unterricht. Exemplarisch wird das Konzept in Bezug auf den Sachunterricht empirisch untersucht. Im Hinblick auf die Förderung unterrichtsbezogener Kompetenzen muss geklärt werden, welche didaktischen Kriterien für den Einsatz digitaler Medien in inklusiven Lernsettings herangezogen und vermittelt werden sollen. Diese werden anhand von Merkmalen aus der Unterrichtsqualitätsforschung (Aebli, 1997) und am Konzept Universal Design for Learning (Schütt & Gewinn, 2018) erarbeitet. Zur Beforschung der Kompetenzentwicklung wird ein Planungs-, Beobachtungs- und Reflexionsinstrument für Unterrichtsversuche in Praktika und ein Fragebogen zur Erhebung der Überzeugungen der Studierenden entwickelt (Reusser & Pauli, 2014). Im Rahmen einer Interventionsstudie werden die Effekte des Lehrkonzeptes auf die Entwicklung der Überzeugungen der angehenden Lehrpersonen zum mit digitalen Medien gestützten Sachunterricht und der unterrichtlichen Umsetzung überprüft.
Diversität in der digitalen Pflegeausbildung – Möglichkeiten, Bedingungen und Grenzen
Authors: Dornick Sahra , Kalender Ute
Published: March 2022

Diversität ist in digitalen Lehr- und Lernszenarien der Gesundheits- und Pflegeberufe eine omnipräsente Größe: Pflegelehrende und Auszubildende bringen vielfältige Kompetenzen mit, zu denen zum Beispiel unterschiedliche Sprach-kenntnisse, kulturelle Pflegekompetenzen, digitale Literalität oder technische Ausstattungen gehören. Unser Beitrag nimmt diese Diversität in der digitalen Pflegeausbildung als Ausgangspunkt und diskutiert erste empirische Ergebnisse aus einem transdisziplinären BMBF-Projekt zur Digitalisierung der Pflegelehre. Anhand von teilnehmenden Beobachtungs- und Interviewdaten zeigen wir erstens, dass Diversität Akteur*innen auf verschiedenen Ebenen in Bildungsinstitutionen bewegt, zweitens wie Pflegelehrende auch bei begrenzten technischen und ökonomischen Infrastrukturbedingungen kreativ mit dieser Diversität umgehen und drittens beschreiben wir anhand eines Best Practice Beispiels einer Schulleitung, wie eine umfassendere Kultur der Diversität initiiert werden kann.
Schulung der professionellen Wahrnehmung durch den Einsatz von Unterrichtsvideos zum inklusiven Mathematikunterricht
Authors: Tilke Franziska , Höveler Karina , Buddenberg Heike
Published: March 2022

Im Rahmen der Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung wird an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster im Projekt „Dealing with Diversity. Kompetenter Umgang mit Heterogenität durch reflektierte Praxiserfahrung“ das videobasierte Seminarkonzept „Spezielle Fragen der Mathematikdidaktik: Inklusiver Mathematikunterricht in der Grundschule“ entwickelt und erforscht. Der inhaltliche Schwerpunkt des Seminars liegt auf dem Umgang mit lernbezogener Heterogenität in gemeinsamen mathematischen Lernsituationen im inklusiven Mathematikunterricht. Ziel des Seminars ist es, mittels des Einsatzes und der Analyse von Unterrichtsvideos die professionelle Wahrnehmung der Studierenden hinsichtlich möglicher Lernchancen und Hürden beim gemeinsamen Lernen im inklusiven Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule zu sensibilisieren und die Entwicklung zielführender Handlungsoptionen zu fördern. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden das Seminarkonzept und erste Forschungsergebnisse präsentiert.
Erklären in heterogenen Lerngruppen: Vermittlungsstrategien in digitalisierten Unterrichtsvideosequenzen des Fachs Deutsch und ihr hochschuldidaktischer Nutzen
Authors: von Dall‘Armi Julia
Published: March 2022

Kooperatives Lernen und die Anwendung metakognitiver Strategien erweisen sich als positiv für die Förderung heterogener Lerngruppen (vgl. hierzu Hattie, 2009, S. 251). Erklärungen unter Gleichaltrigen kombinieren Kooperation und Reflexion und dürften sich deshalb ebenso als zentral für heterogene Lerngruppen erweisen wie die Umsetzung von Explikationspraktiken von Seiten der Lehrkräfte. Der Beitrag soll die Bedeutung des Erklärens aus diesem Blickwinkel beleuchten.
Multimediale E-Books mit Schüler*innen kollaborativ gestalten – Potenzialorientierung durch den Einsatz digitaler Medien
Authors: Fehrmann Raphael , Zeinz Horst
Published: March 2022

Das Recht von Kindern auf einen Zugang zu Bildung, der chancengleich gestaltet sein soll, wird in Artikel 28 der UN-KRK (UN, 1989) definiert. Bildung und lebenslanges Lernen sind zunehmend von digitaler Transformation geprägt (Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2015a, b). Ein Kompetenzerwerb, welcher u. a. ein Lernen mit und über digitale Medien zugunsten digitaler Souveränität umfasst, wird erforderlich (Hartmann, Näf & Reichert, 2006). Auch durch den Einsatz von Multimedia können im schulischen Unterricht Lehr-Lern-Prozesse potenzialorientiert und natürlich differenziert gestaltet werden (Heusigner, 2020). Die Verwendung digitaler Medien kann dabei die Ausbildung individueller Kompetenzen unterstützen und den Aufbau von Fähigkeiten zur Teilhabe an einer zunehmend digitalisierten Arbeits- und Lebenswelt (Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2015a), wie sie in den 21st Century Skills (Fadel, Bialik & Trilling, 2015) illustriert werden, begünstigen.
Die Sicht von Lehrkräften auf die Implementation und den Nutzen von webbasierten Lernverlaufstests. Eine Interviewstudie in inklusiven Grundschulen
Authors: Jungjohann Jana , Bastian Morten , Mühling Andreas , Gebhardt Markus
Published: March 2022

Um Lehrkräften eine schnelle Rückmeldung zu Lernentwicklungen zu geben, bietet der Ansatz der Lernverlaufsdiagnostik leicht handhabbare, kurze Tests mit Auswertung in Form von visualisierten Lernverläufen an. Eine digitale oder webbasierte Umsetzung der Lernverlaufsdiagnostik kann die Zufriedenheit der Lehrkräfte mit den Verfahren und deren Handhabung steigern. Der Beitrag untersucht explorativ, wie inklusiv arbeitende Lehrkräfte die Handhabung, den unterrichtsimmanenten Einsatz und den Umgang mit den Ergebnissen einer webbasierten Lernverlaufsdiagnostik beurteilen. Zur Beantwortung dienen Interviewdaten (N=5). Insgesamt stufen die Lehrkräfte das System der LVD als positiv und gewinnbringend ein, wenn die schulische Ausstattung eine digitale Testung sichert. Es wird diskutiert, dass befürwortende schulische Strukturen und die Nutzung im Team zur Entfaltung der Potentiale einer digitalen LVD beitragen.
Lernplattformen barrierearm gestalten
Authors: Vomberg Marieke , Zorn Isabel
Published: March 2022

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich damit, wie Prinzipien des Universal Design (UD) bei der Gestaltung von Learning Management Systemen (LMS) zu Barrierefreiheit beitragen, die mittlerweile gesetzlich verankert ist. Wichtig sind insb. die Etablierung von klaren Strukturen im LMS und deren technische Kennzeichnung für Screenreader, die Verwendung von möglichst unterschiedlichen, barrierearmen Medien und Alternativmedien und -texten, sowie die Aufbereitung für verschiedene Lerntypen. Interaktivität und Austausch sorgen für eine weitere Reduktion von Barrieren.
MOTIVATION OF TEACHERS OF HIGHER EDUCATION TO
USE AND ADAPT OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
Authors: Mohapatra Archita , Mishra Sudarshan
Published: March 2022

The present study explored the motivation of higher education teachers of Odisha to use and adapt OERs. The study also investigated the enabling factors motivating the teachers of higher education to use OERs. Ex-post facto method has been employed by the investigator. Sixty teachers were selected as sample from four different higher educational institutions of Cuttack and Khordha district of Odisha by adapting stratified random sampling method. Data were collected through a Questionnaire for teachers. The finding of the study revealed that motivation related to social/ altruistic, learning, access, cost and time, collaboration, individual benefit, OER technology and knowledge and usage have significant contribution towards use and adapt OERs. Teachers’ use of OERs is largely influenced and motivated by intrinsic values
Relationship between Tax Planning and Deferred Tax Expenses on Profit Management
Authors: Nurfadila Nurfadila , Muslim Muslim
Published: March 2022

This study examines and analyzes the relationship between tax planning and deferred tax expense on earnings management. This study involved 20 manufacturing companies that publish an annual financial report (annual report) that is audited and published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2015 to 2017. Sampling uses a purposive sampling method with sample criteria. First, companies that report audited financial statements from 2015 to 2017 and publish financial statements for the year ended and as of December 31. Second, manufacturing companies engaged in the food and beverage sub-sector consumer goods industry. Third, the company was not delisted during the observation period. Fourth, the company reports deferred tax expenses in specific years, namely between 2015-2017. Fifth, the company does not carry out acquisitions, mergers, restructuring, and changes in business groups. Sixth, the company reports financial statements in Rupiah (IDR). Furthermore, data collection in this study used the documentation method. After the data is collected, data analysis is carried out using descriptive statistical methods, logistic regression methods, hypothesis testing (conducted multivariate using logistic regression test (Hosmer and Lemeshow's goodness of fit test), coefficient of determination test, individual parameter significant test, and correlation test. Partial). The results showed a positive correlation between tax planning and deferred tax expense on earnings management.
Pengaruh Aset Pajak Tangguhan, Beban Pajak Tangguhan, Profitabiiitas Dan Perencanaan Pajak Terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Cahyani Nunu
Published: March 2022

PeneIitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aset pajak tangguhan, beban pajak tangguhan, profitabiIitas dan perencanaan pajak terhadap manajemn Iaba pada perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. PeneIitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoIeh meIaIui Iaporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan. Metode pengambiIan sampeI yang digunakan daIam peneIitian ini adaIah purposive sampIing, dan berdasarkan data yang diperoIeh BEI meIaIui website www.idx.co.id . Besar sampeI yang digunakan daIam peneIitian ini yaitu 14 dari 26 perusahaan, dikaIikan dengan tiga tahun peneIitian adaIah 42 data.HasiI peneIitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aset pajak tangguhan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen Iaba, beban pajak tangguhan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen Iaba, profitabiIitas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen Iaba serta perencanaan pajak tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen Iaba.
Pengaruh Manajemen Laba dan Penghindaran Pajak Atas Nilai Perusahaan
Authors: Ilyas Krisna , Salsabila Nuraiyah
Published: March 2022

Abstrak : PeneIitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh manajemen keuntungan dan penghindaran pajak terhadap nomina perusahaan keuangan non bank yang tercantum di BEI. PengumpuIan data menggunakan data bantu yang diperoIeh dari Iaporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan meIaIui website www.idx.co.id. PopuIasi keseIuruhan meIiputi seIuruh perusahaan keuangan non bank yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, serta sejumIah 52 perusahaan, dan sampeI perusahaan ke-13 diambiI dengan menggunakan teknik sampIing dan metode intensionaI sampIing. Data yang dioIah terdiri dari 39 sampeI, dan diIakukan uji hipotesis kIasik berupa hipotesis normaIitas, muItikoIoni, heterogenitas dan autokoreIasi.Metode anaIisis data menggunakan berbagai teknik regresi. HasiI menunjukkan bahwa manajemen pendapatan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap niIai perusahaan, sedangkan penghindaran pajak tidak berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap niIai perusahaan.
Taxpayer Awareness, Application Of Electronic Systems, And Understanding Of Taxpayers’ Compliance With Tax Laws And Regulations Regarding Their Risk Appetite Level As Moderating Variables
Authors: Sinen Kasim , Zainuddin Zainuddin
Published: March 2022

This research is a quantitative study which aims to examine the effect of taxpayer awareness, e-system application and understanding of tax regulations on the level of taxpayer compliance with risk preference as the moderating variable. The number of samples studied in this study were 115 samples. The data in this study are primary data in the form of respondents' answers distributed to individual taxpayers who are registered at (KPP) Pratama Ternate who make payments at KPP Pratama Ternate. All data obtained were processed using SPSS 16 for windows with multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the research results, the application of e-systems and understanding of tax regulations affects the level of taxpayer compliance. Meanwhile, taxpayer awareness has no effect on the level of taxpayer compliance. Risk preference is able to moderate the effect of understanding tax regulations on the level of taxpayer compliance. Risk preference is not able to moderate the effect of taxpayer awareness and the application of e-system on the level of taxpayer compliance.
Factors Affecting The Intention Of Whistleblowing Behavior
Authors: Djaelani Yustiana , Sardju Fitriani
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control and religiosity on the intentions of tax accounting students in carrying out whistleblowing actions. This research is a quantitative research. The respondents are tax accounting students. The sample in this study uses primary data. The data collected was processed using the SPSS version 2.1 program. The statistical method used to test the hypothesis is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research are subjective norms, behavioral control and religiosity affect the intention of tax accounting students in doing whistleblowing. And attitude has no effect on the intention of tax accounting students in doing whistleblowing.
Cross Laminated Timber furniture providing shelter during earthquakes. Lifeshell public domain release.
Authors: Fellin Marco , Polidori Mario , Ceccotti Ario
Published: March 2022

Earthquakes are an unpredictable potentially deadly phenomena. Buildings anti-seismictechnology can effectively reduce the risk of injuries, however the anti-seismic performancesof many buildings are still weak. Lack of funds, logistics and bureaucracy are still delaying theadoption of this technology on a large scale. As a result citizens spend hours everyday in privateand public buildings (including schools) which are still a dangerous place.A wooden based furniture that can be used as an anti-seismic shelter is here released under theCreative Commons licence: a low-cost, natural-based, open-source, copyright-free solution.The so-called Lifeshell concept has been independently funded by former wood researchers andit is presented in its engineering characteristics. “Life in Shell” depicts an alive human beingprotected by wood during an earthquake.Lifeshell is a furniture in the shape of school desk, wardrobe, table or bed realized using CrossLaminated Timber panels. The design foresees as many closed sides as possible and theassembly uses metal connections and screws for wooden constructions. A 1300 x 700 x 500mm school desk prototype has been successfully tested, resisting to a total impact energy of40.000 Joule without major damages.Lifeshell is foreseen in various types, sizes, weights, finishing and accessories. A very low costversion is thought for being assembled and finished by the final user, while a top-range versioncan include a surviving kit or even topped with fancy technology (oxygen masks, avalanchebeacon, radio and so on).Authors release this potential life-saving technology using the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0License (public domain), which allows the production and selling of these furniture without anyroyalty fee for the authors.
FIRMST International Conference on Applied Anatomy
Authors: Anon Anon
Published: March 2022

https://www.firmst.tech/
Conference Abstracts
Leadership spirituel en pratiques
Authors: Izoard-Allaux Sophie
Published: March 2022

La vie spirituelle ne peut se définir comme une caisse de prévoyance qui prémunirait contre les matins blêmes. Pour le psychologue américain William James, la conversion ne s’effectue jamais dans la doucereuse tranquillité, mais paradoxalement en un saut risqué, au prix de la sortie d’une existence purement normative. À ce titre, la vulnérabilité, constitutive de l’humain, n’est pas un outil conceptuel supplémentaire : si elle n’est pas un aveu de faiblesse, elle n’est pas non plus un bien en soi. Plus qu’un changement total de paradigme, elle fait travailler l’autonomie en révélant le sens de l’existence. La vulnérabilité dit l’incomplétude du sujet, tout comme elle appelle une réponse qui oblige à repenser les interactions humaines, entre soin et responsabilité. Dans la dynamique organisationnelle, elle vient battre en brèche les paramètres exclusifs de performance et d’efficacité. Se découvrir vulnérable ouvre à l’expérience spirituelle du décentrement de soi, en vue de se recevoir des autres, dans des fertilisations innovantes et croisées.
Leadership spirituel en pratiques
Authors: Taki Omer
Published: March 2022

Il est évident que l’intelligence spirituelle n’est pas très connue parmi les leaders d’aujourd’hui. Cependant, l’intelligence spirituelle n’est pas un concept ésotérique obscur qui n’aurait pas sa place dans la littérature de l’intelligence. Au contraire, l’intelligence spirituelle semble être liée à au moins une autre composante intellectuelle établie de l’esprit humain, l’impliquant dans la conceptualisation contemporaine plus large de l’intelligence humaine. De ce fait, le développement d’une intelligence spirituelle par les leaders fait partie intégrante de leur intelligence humaine comprenant aussi l’intelligence rationnelle et émotionnelle, tout en étant un guide pour le bon fonctionnement de ces deux derniers. L’intelligence spirituelle pourrait permettre au leader de passer d’un encadrement dont l’unique but est le « ROI », restreint aux actions et performances de courte vue à une concentration sur les aspirations et les intentions des membres de l’équipe, le développement de soi et de celui de ses collaborateurs ; il s’agit de chercher à éveiller le but spirituel, à contribuer à la recherche du sens au travail et à développer un haut niveau de conscience individuel et collective. Pour l’aspect organisationnel, en permettant d’intégrer de nouvelles valeurs, elle aidera, dans les deux sens, à aligner leurs valeurs et celles de l’entreprise, à corréler leur identité et celle de l’entreprise dans le but notamment de réduire le brown out au travail. Ainsi, nous préconisons l’inclusion de l’intelligence spirituelle dans les programmes de développement du leadership.
Leadership spirituel en pratiques
Authors: Moniz-Barreto Pierre
Published: March 2022

Il ne faut pas seulement vouloir faire de la spiritualité appliquée à telle ou telle réalité concrète , il faut aussi en maîtriser au préalable les lois fondamentales et les mécanismes pratiques. L’intelligence spirituelle opère au fondement de toute spiritualité appliquée , et elle est aussi sa condition de possibilité opérationnelle . Pour ce faire, l’IS s’appuie sur un trésor inégalé dont elle tire profit : le riche patrimoine plurimillénaire constitué par l’ensemble des mouvements spirituels, traditions religieuses, courants métaphysiques, ou écoles de sagesse, de l’humanité.
Cartographier les migrations dans l’espace urbain
Authors: Celata Filippo , Touré Niandou
Published: March 2022

Cet article présente les résultats d’un projet de recherche visant à identifier, de manière exhaustive et dans une perspective de comparaison, les quartiers ou les zones urbaines présentant la plus forte concentration d’immigrés dans un certain nombre de pays européens. Dans cette optique, nous discutons dans une première partie de la pertinence des modèles de localisation des immigrés et de ce que l’on appelle les « enclaves ethniques », afin de comprendre à la fois la migration et les villes contemporaines. Nous décrivons ensuite les principaux défis méthodologiques liés à l’identification de ces « enclaves ethniques » et la manière dont ces questions sont abordées dans le cadre de ce projet. Enfin, dans une troisième et dernière partie, nous présentons les résultats de l’étude, à savoir la localisation et la composition sociodémographique des principaux quartiers multiethniques en France, en Allemagne, en Italie, en Espagne et au Royaume-Uni 1 .
Pathologie de la laideur. Discours esthétiques des élites stéphanoises pendant l’industrialisation du XIX e siècle
Authors: Duarte Mikaël
Published: March 2022

Pendant l’industrialisation de Saint-Étienne à partir des années 1840, s’élabore progressivement une perception esthétique des catégories populaires au sein des institutions médicales locales et de l’école des beaux-arts. Ces représentations stigmatisent la laideur de ces corps en s’appuyant sur la tératologie et la théorie de la dégénérescence. Elles servent à louer les bienfaits de la mécanisation et à disqualifier les « classes dangereuses », par l’association de la moralité et de l’hérédité à l’esthétique.
‘Where the remote Bermudas ride...’.
Authors: Binder Wolfgang
Published: March 2022

After establishing possible categories of travel writing and referring to medieval and Renaissance examples, I am using Christopher Columbus’s log book and letters to the Catholic Kings of Spain as a paradigm for an analysis of issues concerning European expansion into the Caribbean space. It is shown how from the very beginning ‘new’ territories and their populations were named and classified, and how attempts at subjugation were undertaken. Constructions of Otherness and a discourse of hierarchic differences in the ‘contact zones’ (M.L.Pratt) served as tools to ensure superiority and exploitation. In the second half of the paper two texts are discussed: Lady Nugent’s Journal of Her Residence in Jamaica... (1839) and Matthews Lewis’s Journal of a West India Proprietor Kept During a Residence in the Island of Jamaica (1834). The main focus here is on the respective authors’ travels and their perceptions of enslaved Africans and of ‘The Peculiar Institution’ in Jamaica.
Changing Track: Repositioning the Irish and Australian Railways in the National Consciousness
Authors: Little Stephen , Hine Julian
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the development of rail systems in Ireland and Australia. The paper highlights the different trajectories of both systems and charts the experiences and influences of Empire and Commonwealth on both. In Australia the rail system was developed as a way to promote nation building and overcome isolation while in Ireland both prior to and after partition the system enabled access to ports thereby not only fuelling migration but improving levels of accessibility between different parts of rural Ireland and town and country. The paper also describes the role of the rail system in making travel to new worlds possible and the way in which systems developed in both ‘new’ and ‘old’ worlds to encourage population movements and dispersal and social cohesion. Growing levels of car dependence since the 1960s and the movement of freight from rail to road has had a significant impact on how public transport is used. This is illustrated by comparison between Northern Ireland and Australia. Deregulation and privatisation have also meant that commercial pressures have had a significant impact on the operation of rail in the days of post Empire. The paper also highlights the ways in which this redefinition of public communication technology and infrastructure, not only confined to the rail industry, has impacted on travel culture and the perception of public transport infrastructure.
Olaudah Equiano’s ‘Interesting’ Route
Authors: Lebdai Benaouda
Published: March 2022

Olaudah Equiano’s The Interesting Narrative is a classic in what is commonly defined in literary studies: ‘slave narratives’. This fascinating text has been studied to keep the memory of the slave trade alive, to show the horror of such a human trade, to emphasize the suffering of the greatest human displacement ever. The research perspectives have mainly targeted the knowledge of what life was like under slavery. Stories of slaves narrated from the inside are indeed of great importance to study such humiliating human experiences. As a slave, Olaudah Equiano has succeeded to free himself, not by escaping from his master but by buying his own self, thus becoming his own master. Literate, he has fought to abolish slavery and he has succeeded to live an integrated life among the British, marrying an Englishwoman, writing his memoirs. Olaudah Equiano has inspired many critical studies. These studies have been interested in looking into his spiritual quest as he has become a Christian Methodist. His new adopted religion has saved his soul, after a life without freedom. My proposition for the conference on transport will move away from this approach of Olaudah Equiano’s autobiography. I propose to revisit The Interesting Narrative by working on the literality of his text. My paper will therefore concentrate on the travels, forced or not, on what he has seen, what he has described in his narrative in terms of scenery and human relationships. I shall analyse the way he has described his ‘transports’ and portrayed the places he has seen, knowing that he has travelled extensively within the 18th century British Empire, from Africa to England to the West Indies, back to Africa then to Jamaïca, to America, but also to France and Spain. I shall study the narrative text in terms of style and power of evocation by relating the words used to the psychological situation of the described moment, enhancing thus the literary quality of the text, its power to convey such ‘particular’ trips. I shall investigate into the routes and the transport (s) he has taken, forced or desired. Through this approach, I shall analyse the fascinating route of a man who should have stayed in his mother country, Nigeria.
Seamen in Bristol and the Lure of Slaving Voyages
Authors: Otele Olivette
Published: March 2022

Aboard slave ships life was a microcosm of tragedy, survival and sometimes friendship. It was generally thought that the ripple effect of the wealth of slave trade was the reason why many people sought fortune on the other side of the Atlantic in the 17th and 18th centuries. About 2,108 slaving voyages set out from the city of Bristol between 1698 and 1807. The city is considered to have been the foremost slave port in the world from 1730 to 1744. This paper is an attempt to understand men who embarked despite ill-treatment, disease, death and disappointment on ships weighing between 27 and 420 tons and carrying what was referred to as ‘black cargoes’. These men did not always receive their wages. Some were discharged in the Caribbean and a few were enslaved on the North African coast. They seemed to have had neither economic power nor political influence and yet they were key players in both the expansion of the slave trade and the abolition movement. An analysis of evidence—logbooks, accounts of sailors, muster rolls and family of crew letters—may shed further light on the subject.
Pragmatism, Ethics and Aesthetics in the Narratives of the Japanese-Canadian Displacement
Authors: Gibert Teresa
Published: March 2022

Pragmatic, ethical and aesthetic purposes are simultaneously combined in the narratives depicting the decreed mass removal of Japanese Canadians from their Pacific Coast homes during World War II. When dealing with this extremely painful travel experience, Canadian writers of Japanese ancestry have adopted a pragmatist approach that stresses—rather than contradicts—reciprocally reinforcing ethical and aesthetic values. By emphasizing the elements of beauty, pleasure and harmony that are essential in any artistic creation, such authors have both enhanced moral reflection on the part of their audience and strengthened the practical efficacy of their factually grounded works of fiction.
All these writers are keen on providing accurate representations of a traumatic journey they were involved in, either directly or through the memoirs of the members of their families who were forced to undertake it. In their writings there are recurrent descriptions of evacuees standing on railway platforms while being insulted and threatened by vociferous crowds. These migrants generally remain silent after boarding CPR trains with their remaining possessions crammed into the single suitcase that each person is allowed to carry as luggage on the trip eastwards. But as Japanese-Canadian novelists have narrated the same events from various perspectives and focused on different aspects of their ordeal, their accounts are far from being uniform. Their literary texts are marked by the categories of genre, gender, and ethnicity, as well as by the personal attitudes of each individual author.
The characters portrayed express a wide range of feelings: hope, patience, calmness, serenity, resignation, fear, shame, distress, bitterness, and anger. They invariably miss the ocean, which they mentally connect with their past freedom, and some of them manage to soothe their emotional wounds when the landscape of the prairies brings them memories of their beloved sea. Some of these displaced people find comfort in the magnificent scenery that is ironically set up as the physical background to the hardships suffered. Unable to move on unrestrained once they have reached their destination in the internment camps or in the ghost towns where they have been relocated, others resort to fantasy in order to escape through imaginary voyages that release them from their otherwise unbearable situation.
Reenacting History: the Underground Railroad Live!
Authors: Alonso-breto Isabel
Published: March 2022

During the first half of the 19th century, hundreds of slaves saw themselves transported to freedom through the Underground Railroad which covered most of the United States and Canada. This was a secret organised network of communications and routes whose aim was to rescue from slavery as many people as possible, helping them to reach safely territories where slavery had been abolished. In many cases, Canada was the final step of the journey. One of the protagonists of the Underground Railroad was Harriet Tubman, a runaway slave that, once a free woman in Canada, spent the rest of her life helping fellowmen and women to escape the ordeal of slavery, doing several trips back to the south in search of new ‘cargo’ to be transported north to freedom.
More than a century later, in 1988 Toronto, a black and witty fourteen-year-old will find her heroine and social model in the figure of Harriet Tubman. Margaret Cruishank is the main character in Marlene Nourbese Philip’s novel for teenagers Harriet’s Daughter (1988). In her coming-of-age process, she sees the need to disavow her real name to become Harriet, a name which, she reckons, carries with it a signification that her own name lacks. A girl of unusual courage and determination, Margaret-Harriet will seduce her schoolmates with a new and fascinating game: the Canadian Underground Railroad. Thus they will set out to reenact history, twisting it on the way and unlearning some of its particulars: ’ “Can slaves be white?” “Of course they can!"’ we read, for instance, at one point in the novel.
The children’s game will eventually be discovered, and its organiser severely reprimanded. But through this and other adventures, Margaret-Harriet will herself become a sort of Harriet Tubman, since with her account she traces new routes for her fellow teenagers to reach a safe Afrocaribbean-Canadian identity, making them feel proud of their origins, their culture and their skin colour.
The Transports of James Tod in Rajasthan
Authors: D’Souza Florence
Published: March 2022

James Tod (1782-1835) spent twenty-two years in India, from 1800-1822. He published two texts about his experiences in India: (a) Annals & Antiquities of Rajasthan in 2 volumes, 1829 & 1832; (b) Travels in Western India, 1830 posth. Since Tod was an enthusiastic traveller, this paper first looks at the bright side of Tod’s transports in Rajputana—his appreciation of the natural beauty of various spots in Rajasthan and his passion for historical information to the point of making wild, unfounded hypotheses to explain certain historical phenomena. Then attention is paid to the darker side of Tod’s transports in Rajasthan—the problems of physical travel at that time due to rigorous climate conditions, difficult terrains and Tod’s delicate health. Also, the constraints on Tod’s optimism in his role as British political agent, caused by resistance to new British policies among the Rajputs and distrust of Tod among his British colonial superiors. The paper concludes with the ambivalence of Tod in British colonial India, since he developed for and received from his Rajput associates a genuine, reciprocated affection, while never ceasing to be, at all times, committed to the furthering of British rule and interests.
‘The kanyakumari tales’ or an Indian Decameron: Anita’s Nair Ladies Coupé
Authors: Hanquart-Turner Evelyne
Published: March 2022

In this ‘novel in parts’, her second major fictional work, Anita Nair rejuvenates the old ploy used by Chaucer and Boccacio before him, to turn it into a fairly realistic Indian set up. The symbol of the train, so often loaded with positive connotations in Indian fiction is once more an important instrument of modernity confronting traditional values.
An enclosed space nevertheless providing a temporary escape from the pressure of social mixity, the ladies’ coupé is the focal space in which the heroine of the frame story can see the dilemma of her life-story evolve towards a resolution, as she shares in the life-experience of her travel companions. This provides the opportunity for humour and pathos in the multiple and diverse questioning of women’s condition in contemporary India proposed by Anita Nair’s percipient eye and ironic though warm pen.
Transporting possibilities: Reading Cultural Difference in Captivity Narratives
Authors: Adams Melissa
Published: March 2022

In the eighteenth century, British readers were cautioned against being ‘too involved’ in their reading materials. Reading could potentially transport one to other places, other times, even inside other bodies. Yet, reading was crucial to a conception of advanced British civilization that emphasized not only extensive trade, but also a high value on learning, an appreciation of the arts, and an enhanced capacity to feel. This paper’s objective is to elucidate what we might call the absorptive power of reading, through the increasingly frequent descriptions of reader identification as a transporting experience, one that literally carries us away. By investigating the evolving use of the word ‘transport’ in the late eighteenth century, this paper will attempt to navigate the intersections between reading, feeling, and the discourses of travel. Close readings of two colonial American captivity narratives provide spaces to unfold the work of early ethnography, sympathy, and textual transport. I will take seriously the claim that, in the eighteenth century, reading may, in fact, have been dangerous by describing the rhetorical difficulties inherent in an imperial mission to civilize others (rather than to sympathize with them). By replacing sympathetic textual transports which offer readers possibilities of cultural exchange with romanticized, historical transports that take one back to an idyllic, pre-colonial setting, many British authors depoliticize the transformative powers of reader identification in proto-ethnographic texts.
Le tigre de William Blake
Authors: Roudaut Jean
Published: March 2022

Le roman policier, fût-il écrit par Balzac ou par Dostoïevski, a mauvaise réputation. Il passe pour relâché dans son écriture, et superficiel dans sa réflexion. Cependant, en se référant à Poë, Borges en a fait l’éloge. C’est qu’il tenait les personnages pour des pions sur un échiquier, et le crime était une péripétie sans passé.Puis vint Hammett. Le roman policier (et noir) eut le souci d’évoquer la société inégalitaire et violente. Dès qu’il y eut des victimes à ce jeu, la question se posa : le mal est-il inné ? Alors, de purement intellectuel et décharné qu’il était à l’origine, le roman noir est devenu métaphysique. Il met en scène des éléments de notre mémoire, personnelle, sociale, ancestrale. Il décrit un combat d’égaux symboliques, l’Agneau et le Tigre, comme les faisait déjà s’affronter William Blake.
Different aspects related to the most ancient Egyptian writing
Authors: Jiménez Serrano Alejandro
Published: March 2022

The main aim of the present paper is to open a debate of the multiple features related to the origin of writing in Egypt. Although some questions arose in the past, overall referred to the original place where emerged the Egyptian writing, there are still many other questions waiting for discussion: why was the writing invented? How was the writing constructed? Which was the origin of some of the earliest signs? These are just some of several questions that arise when we approach to the subject. In the present article, some ideas will be exposed together with an historic and cultural contextualization of the period in which writing emerged in Egypt.
Réflexions sur l’implantation et l’architecture des dolmens à couloir et à antichambre du Causse de l’Hortus (Hérault, France)
Authors: Bec Drelon Noisette
Published: March 2022

Parmi les dolmens les plus imposants du mégalithisme héraultais, ceux du Lamalou, du Capucin et de Feuilles sont situés sur le Causse de l’Hortus, dans la région des garrigues languedociennes. Leur architecture massive se démarque par la présence systématique d’une antichambre, délimitée par des piliers d’entrée, dont la fonction reste difficile à percevoir. Néanmoins, elle contribue incontestablement à la monumentalisation de ces dolmens au même titre que les importants tumulus qui les enserrent. Les sépultures étudiées forment un groupe homogène tant par leur implantation géographique au sein d’un territoire spécifique que par leur architecture. La succession et la délimitation des espaces sont sensiblement identiques même si les matériaux sont utilisés différemment. Une approche plus globale des dolmens à antichambre du Languedoc montre des différences de gestion de l’espace interne des monuments mégalithiques par rapport à leur contexte géoculturel.
Artefact versus architecture
Authors: Hensey Robert
Published: March 2022

This paper examines interpretation and material culture in the Irish passage tomb tradition. Specifically, it asks whether the finds of human bone and associated artefacts or the built space should take precedence when interpreting the role of these monuments. It is proposed that just as finds have the potential to illuminate the past, they have an equal capacity to deflect us from past realities – a point that is sometimes insufficiently considered by archaeologists. Though the deposition of human remains may have been central to the construction of passage tombs, it is equally possible it had a partial or secondary role at some monuments. If we consider space as the primary arbiter in the interpretation of these sites, then it becomes possible to envisage alternative roles that passage tombs may have fulfilled.
Corporate identity and ‘clan’ affiliation
Authors: Powell Andrew B.
Published: March 2022

Different forms of Irish megalithic tomb, in particular court tombs and passage tombs, are interpreted as expressions of distinct but related ritual discourses mediating social interactions at different levels within the changing segmentary structure of Neolithic society through the construction and use of megalithic mortuary monuments. It is suggested that, while the design of court tombs symbolised the ideological structures of local lineage-based corporations closely associated with the settlement and economic exploitation of claimed ancestral territories, the design of passage tombs symbolised those of higher-level descent categories, possibly clans, which may have come to dominate the succession to resources by exploiting wider-ranging links between the local communities for certain types of transactions. Not only were the symbolic principles underlying these two discourses quite different, but those expressed in passage tomb form and ritual may have been in deliberate opposition to those expressed at court tombs.
Organisation spatiale des sépultures autour des tombeaux monumentaux du TRB dans le bassin de la haute Vistule (Néolithique récent – âge du Bronze ancien)
Authors: Tunia Krzysztof , Włodarczak Piotr
Published: March 2022

Vers la moitié du IVe millénaire av. J.-C. les communautés de la TRB bâtissent, dans la région des plateaux loessiques du bassin supérieur de la Vistule, des tombes monumentales, en majorité de forme trapézoïdale de 15 à 150 m de long, construites en bois et en terre. Autour d’elles s’implantent des nécropoles du TRB, puis, quelques centaines d’années plus tard, celles du Cordé (Néolithique final) ou du Mierzanowicien (âge du Bronze ancien). La répartition spatiale de ces ensembles était régie par des règles différentes, en fonction de leur appartenance à un complexe culturel particulier. Durant le IVe millénaire av. J.-C. la tombe principale ainsi que la nécropole adjointe formaient un ensemble commun et organisé. Durant le Néolithique final et l’Age du Bronze ancien les tombes sont recreusées dans la partie est, frontale, de la tombe mégalithique. La technique de creusement employée est similaire à celle utilisée pour les tumuli du Cordé. L’étude de l’organisation spatiale de ces tombes permet de constater une rupture dans la tradition d’utilisation des nécropoles entre le Néolithique récent et le Néolithique final, ce qui est confirmé par les datations radiocarbones obtenues.
Les tumulus allongés du Centre-Ouest de la France : nécropoles, espaces, paysages
Authors: Laporte Luc , López-Romero Elías , Bernard Régis
Published: March 2022

La question des modes d’organisation territoriale des sociétés humaines reste peu explorée pour le Néolithique dans le Centre-Ouest de la France. Répertoriés dès 1840, des monuments aussi imposants que ceux de Tusson ou Luxé (Charente) n’avaient fait l’objet d’aucun relevé topographique détaillé. Ils apparaissent aujourd’hui comme des buttes boisées dans un paysage ouvert, situation à peu près inverse de celle que l’on imagine pour ces périodes préhistoriques, au vu des rares données palynologiques disponibles. Les acquis de fouilles récentes comme celles de Péré à Prissé-la-Charrière (Deux-Sèvres) permettent désormais de proposer quelques modèles de restitution en élévation pour les monuments allongés ou circulaires. À travers l’intégration de modèles numériques (terrain et végétation) et de la discussion sur la restitution architecturale des monuments, ce travail tente de contribuer à une interprétation sur la façon de concevoir l’espace au Néolithique dans le cadre de la façade Atlantique de la France. Parmi les résultats obtenus, il faut souligner le rôle des grands tumulus allongés dans le paysage de la région, l’importance du concept de nécropole, ainsi que l’exclusion de l’ensemble de Chenon de la logique de visibilité propre aux ensembles de Tusson – Luxé – La Boixe.
Sites de passage (2)
Authors: Cassen Serge
Published: March 2022

Carnac, dans l’ouest de la France, est un site archéologique extraordinaire – plusieurs milliers de pierres dressées en files juxtaposées, sur des kilomètres de développement - dont la nature et la destination posent problème. Un cadre théorique a été proposé en 2009 qui joue sur plusieurs concepts (la verticalité, la limite, le seuil, la répétition) et plusieurs affects actifs ou sensibles (la pesanteur, la pierre dure, la peur). Le modèle conjoint ces ensembles descriptifs et analytiques où la stèle devient l’élément radical. Notre essai aimerait tester sa valeur prédictive au contact de sites archéologiques eurasiatiques (Arménie, Altaï), dans des environnements montagneux à l’opposé de la situation carnacoise, et à propos de sociétés à la fois plus récentes et principalement tournées vers une activité pastorale nomade. Un pont sera établi avec des récits et des analyses ethnographiques qui permettent d’envisager plusieurs analogies jouant sur certaines données relatives à l’organisation spatiale des structures domestiques et funéraires des sociétés actuelles ou sub-actuelles, de la Sibérie et de la Mongolie. Pour ces régions, une hypothèse générale est avancée par laquelle les monolithes rangés et associés aux tumulus funéraires pourraient jouer un rôle semblable à celui du sêrgê, le piquet d’attache en bois pour les chevaux réels ou célestes. On tentera d’évaluer en retour la pertinence du modèle carnacois à la lumière de ces acquis, notamment en revenant sur la question des orientations.
Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel and French paleodemography
Authors: Séguy Isabelle
Published: March 2022

Reconstructing the demography of populations having made little or no use of writing or the recording of key events, such as births, marriages, migration, and deaths, is not a simple task. Ingeniousness is required to establish via material sources a tenuous link with the demographic behaviour of the populations having produced them, naturally for other ends. Drawing on disciplines complementary to demography and archeology, Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel produced highly original work. On both a micro and macro scale, his research embraced the long history of Homo sapiens. His demographic interpretation of archeological information was based on models and theories stemming from demography, ethnology, and ecology, and on an original approach to primary data.
Is biodemography a science?
Authors: Courgeau Daniel
Published: March 2022

In 1996, the publication of Spatial analysis of biodemographic data introduced a new scientific approach to the French readers. This approach quickly developed in the following years, particularly among U.S. researchers. How can we unite these two different sciences? The more negative aspect of this union appeared with the introduction of behaviour genetics at the end of the 20th c., amplified during the following twenty years. Behaviour genetics is based on eugenist ideas and hypotheses formulated by Fisher in 1918, which are no longer valid today but are supported by a powerful current of thought linking genes and behaviour. Among the accomplishments, a more positive aspect of this union resides in the study of mortality and fertility. These two phenomena are at the heart of demographic and biological studies. If properly implemented, the combination of these two approaches could lead to a deeper understanding. However, migration, a purely social phenomenon, is beyond the scope of this analysis. The conclusion extends the reflection to other attempts to unify approaches by focusing on their foundations.