bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International disparities in open access practices in the Earth Sciences
Authors: Pourret Olivier , Hedding David William , Ibarra Daniel Enrique , Irawan Dasapta Erwin , Liu Haiyan , Tennant Jonathan Peter
Published: June 2021

Background: Open access (OA) implies free and unrestricted access to and re-use of research articles. Recently, OA publishing has seen a new wave of interest, debate, and practices surrounding that mode of publishing.

Objectives: To provide an overview of publication practices and to compare them among six countries across the world to stimulate further debate and to raise awareness about OA to facilitate decision-making on further development of OA practices in earth sciences.

Methods: The number of OA articles, their distribution among the six countries, and top ten journals publishing OA articles were identified using two databases, namely Scopus and the Web of Science, based mainly on the data for 2018.

Results: In 2018, only 24%–31% of the total number of articles indexed by either of the databases were OA articles. Six of the top ten earth sciences journals that publish OA articles were fully OA journals and four were hybrid journals. Fully OA journals were mostly published by emerging publishers and their article processing charges ranged from $1000 to $2200.

Conclusions: The rise in OA publishing has potential implications for researchers and tends to shift article-processing charges from organizations to individuals. Until the earth sciences community decides to move away from journal-based criteria to evaluate researchers, it is likely that such high costs will continue to maintain financial inequities within this research community, especially to the disadvantage of researchers from the least developed countries. However, earth scientists, by opting for legal self- archiving of their publications, could help to promote equitable and sustainable access to, and wider dissemination of, their work.
Molecular and morphological systematics of a new, reef forming, cupped oyster from the northern Arabian Gulf: Talonostrea salpinx new species
Authors: Al-Kandari Manal , Oliver P. Graham , Salvi Daniele
Published: June 2021

The rocky northern shores of Kuwait and those of the western, inner shores of Kuwait Bay are dominated by a small, densely encrusting oyster. The identity of this oyster has never been confirmed and was mistaken previously for a small Saccostrea. The shell morphology suggests that this species belongs to the subfamily Crassostreinae, but within that subfamily, the presence of marginal erect trumpet-shaped projections is so far unique. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data confirmed that this species belongs to the Crassostreinae and has a sister position to the clade including Talonostrea talonata and T. zhanjiangensis. Genetic distance between this species and Talonostrea species is remarkably high, being ~20% for the cytochrome oxidase I gene and ~7% for the 16S rRNA gene. Based on morphological and molecular analyses, this oyster is therefore described here as Talonostrea salpinx Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari, sp. nov. Shell morphology is shown to be variable, and the different forms encountered are described. The wider distribution and origins of this species, whether native or introduced, are discussed.
Itinéraire clinique avec Mony Elkaïm. De la consultation à la consultance
Authors: Prieur Bernard
Published: June 2021

À travers la transcription d’une consultation de couple que Mony Elkaïm a faite en 2004 dans le cadre d’un carrefour clinique organisé par le Ceccof, nous pouvons apprendre comment travailler l’interface entre programme officiel et construction du monde de chaque partenaire, comment éviter les prophéties auto-réalisatrices qui empêchent les changements nécessaires à l’évolution de situations douloureuses. Si la consultation est faite pour aider les individus, les couples ou les familles en difficulté, la consultance, qui se différencie de la supervision, s’adresse avant tout aux professionnels, aux équipes en difficulté qui ont besoin d’un autre regard pour avancer dans les situations qui les bloquent parfois.
L’évolution de la thérapie familiale d’un point de vue hérétique
Authors: Nardone Giorgio
Published: June 2021

L’auteur décrit l’évolution de la thérapie stratégique brève et ses intersections avec les apports de Mony Elkaïm.
La thérapie vue comme un processus de deuxième ordre
Authors: Telfener Umberta
Published: June 2021

Je propose une réflexion sur la pratique thérapeutique en reprenant les enseignements de Mony Elkaïm et son mode de fonctionnement récursif, son utilisation des concepts de second ordre, instrument conceptuel qui permet de respecter la complexité – notre mandat systémique. Nous avons constamment besoin de veiller au processus de soin et à notre manière d’y participer, en interrogeant nos taches aveugles et les obstacles qui contribuent au blocage du système. À l’aide d’un exemple clinique, je montre mes réflexions et mes choix en vue d’assumer une responsabilité de second ordre, c’est-à-dire celle d’être responsable de ma responsabilité professionnelle.
Dynamiques familiales et bifurcations
Authors: Goldbeter Albert
Published: June 2021

Cette contribution détaille la genèse d’un travail mené avec Mony Elkaïm et Édith Goldbeter-Merinfeld sur l’analyse des transitions de comportement dans un système familial en termes de bifurcations, dans la ligne des études de Ilya Prigogine sur les structures dissipatives. Ce travail, fondé sur l’enregistrement en vidéo d’une première séance de thérapie familiale menée par Mony Elkaïm, nous a permis d’illustrer sur un exemple de travail les notions d’instabilité, de bifurcation et de structuration temporelle sous forme d’oscillations dans un système familial. Je reviens sur les circonstances dans lesquelles la publication issue de ce travail a vu le jour, peu après la création par Mony Elkaïm de l’Institut d’Études de la Famille et des Systèmes Humains (IEFSH) à Bruxelles.
La régulation des réseaux sociaux
Authors: Poullet Yves , Ruffo de Calabre Marie-des-Neiges
Published: June 2021

La suppression du compte Twitter de Donald Trump à la suite de l’assaut du Capitole, en janvier 2021, a suscité des réactions contrastées et amené à s’interroger sur les instances légitimes de régulation du contenu véhiculé par Internet. Si l’on met de côté les messages clairement illégaux, il faut distinguer entre manipulation de l’information (désinformation) et expression d’opinions, même considérées comme fausses ou choquantes (mésinformation). L’article analyse la source du problème et la réponse de l’Union européenne. Les textes récents montrent son souci, d’une part, de la protection indispensable des internautes et de la cohésion sociale et, d’autre part, du respect de la liberté d’expression.
Repenser le système alimentaire
Authors: Duru Michel
Published: June 2021

Nous sommes confrontés à la conjonction de divers maux : la diminution de la biodiversité favorise le développement de nouvelles pandémies qui trouvent un terrain fertile dans nos modes de vie, en particulier alimentaires. On sait de mieux en mieux à quel point l’alimentation est essentielle à la santé. Son amélioration suppose une recomposition de ses sources, en particulier dans le champ agricole.
Du nazisme au « nouveau management »
Authors: Chapoutot Johann , Euvé François , Roussellier Nicolas
Published: June 2021

L’étude de l’Allemagne nazie pourrait-elle éclairer notre situation présente caractérisée par une culture « managériale » ? Au premier regard, il semblerait que le totalitarisme nazi et le projet de rendre chacun responsable de son travail soient aux antipodes. Les travaux de Johann Chapoutot ont montré que ce n’est pas si simple. Le nazisme apparaît comme « l’image déformée et révélatrice d’une modernité devenue folle ». L’adoption d’une démarche plus écologique indique une voie de transformation.
Qui est violent ?
Authors: Hardy Antoine
Published: June 2021

Comment échapper à la question qui, dans les médias, demande à l’invité du jour de condamner les « violences », par exemple au lendemain d’une manifestation ? Refuser de condamner, ou chercher à expliquer, revient à s’exclure de la discussion collective. Sortir de ce piège nécessite un triple effort politique et intellectuel. D’abord, distinguer des violences visibles et d’autres qui demeurent invisibles. Ensuite, comprendre en quoi cette question vise à faire diversion, en promouvant une vision morale et dépolitisée qui alimente la montée de la colère. Enfin, montrer que la colère est légitime et ne se résume pas à un emportement individuel.
Appropriations évangéliques dans le catholicisme
Authors: Aubourg Valérie
Published: June 2021

À plusieurs reprises, le pape François a manifesté un désir de rapprochement entre les catholiques et les évangéliques. C’est déjà le cas dans le Renouveau charismatique, fortement influencé par le pentecôtisme, mais les influences débordent ce seul courant. On assiste donc à une transformation du catholicisme : subjectivisation, formes d’appartenance plus individuelles et mobiles, organisation en réseaux, en écho au développement d’une modernité « liquide ».
Ces histoires d’attributs antéposés : les leçons de l’approche constructionnelle
Authors: Lauwers Peter , Vajnovszki Anaïs
Published: June 2021

À première vue, l’histoire de l’adjectif attribut antéposé se résume comme le déclin d’une construction V2, victime de l’impitoyable tendance à l’ordre SVO. Si les indices de fréquence confirment cette thèse, les mesures de productivité montrent une « autre histoire », qui s’explique à la lumière de l’émergence de nouvelles sous-constructions dont certaines s’avèrent plus en phase avec le nouveau statut typologique du français. Ces sous-constructions que l’approche constructionnelle a permis de mettre en lumière pointent plutôt vers une histoire multiple.
Proposition d’une classification des marqueurs discursifs comme membres d’un paradigme
Authors: Jeppesen Kragh Kirsten
Published: June 2021

Le but de notre étude est de proposer une classification des marqueurs de discours (MD), puis d’identifier et d’appliquer une série de critères qui serviront à établir un paradigme de ces marqueurs. Nous allons illustrer notre étude principalement à l’aide de formes du verbe voir  : tu vois , vous voyez , voyons , voilà . La nouveauté de notre analyse est de tenter d’établir un paradigme de MD, paradigme dans un sens large (Heltoft 1996 ; Nørgård-Sørensen, Heltoft & Schøsler 2011), et non dans un sens plus restreint (Lehmann 1985 ; Waltereit 2002).
Éléments pour une analyse comparative de la forme musicale et du programme de Ce qu’on entend sur la montagne de Liszt
Authors: Decroix Manon
Published: June 2021

La question de la relation entre la forme musicale et son programme associé dans le poème symphonique a donné lieu à de nombreuses réflexions depuis le milieu du xix e  siècle. Toutefois, les études précédemment menées sur le sujet se caractérisent par une grande hétérogénéité des points de vue, ainsi que par l’absence d’élaboration d’une méthodologie analytique. Pourtant, le problème continue d’intriguer les chercheurs et des contributions fleurissent chaque année. Le présent article se propose d’investiguer le rapport entre forme musicale et programme dans le poème symphonique, en se focalisant sur l’exemple de Ce qu’on entend sur la montagne de Liszt, considéré par son créateur comme la première œuvre relevant du genre. Pour cela, nous proposons d’aborder les problématiques suivantes. Comment ce premier poème symphonique a-t-il été analysé jusqu’à présent ? Quels sont les outils pertinents pour une étude des relations entre forme musicale et programme de l’œuvre ? Enfin, comment les rapports texte-musique s’expriment-ils dans la pièce ? Nous tâcherons de répondre à ces interrogations par la présentation et la mise en œuvre de catégories analytiques permettant de décrire concomitamment une structure poétique et une structure musicale.
Chine/Japon : redéfinir les termes de la coexistence
Authors: Pajon Céline
Published: June 2021

Face à la Chine, le Japon adopte une posture ménageant sa coopération économique avec Pékin, assurant la dissuasion de ses stratégies agressives, et sa sécurité économique globale : sécurisation des approvisionnements, autonomie du développement technologique… L’alliance nippo-américaine, renforcée et articulée à des accords régionaux, vise à former un contrepoids systémique à la Chine. Le raidissement des relations américano-chinoises pourrait rendre la posture d’équilibre de Tokyo plus difficile à tenir.
Détroit d’Ormuz : la guerre des nerfs
Authors: Paglia Morgan
Published: June 2021

En cas de conflit majeur, l’Iran pourrait décider de fermer le détroit d’Ormuz, ce qui provoquerait une crise énergétique mondiale. La République islamique a les moyens militaires d’imposer temporairement un tel blocus, mais sa capacité à le faire durer pose question. Pour faire face à l’escalade qu’engendrerait cette décision, elle devrait sans doute recourir aux autres éléments de sa « triade dissuasive » : le terrorisme et l’embrasement régional par l’intermédiaire de ses proxies .
Corées : perpétuellement vers la paix ?
Authors: Hémez Rémy
Published: June 2021

Au cours des cinq dernières années, les périodes d’ouverture et de tension se sont succédé dans la péninsule coréenne. Donald Trump pensait pouvoir obtenir la dénucléarisation de la Corée du Nord par ses relations personnelles avec Kim Jung-un. Il a échoué. L’administration Biden se veut plus réaliste et méthodique. Elle pourrait choisir des options intermédiaires, plus modestes, tout en conservant l’objectif lointain d’un démantèlement de l’arsenal nucléaire de Pyongyang.
L’Europe, la puissance et la finance
Authors: Goulard Sylvie
Published: June 2021

La finance est devenue un attribut essentiel de la puissance. Son importance est accrue par les investissements considérables requis par les transitions énergétique et numérique, ou encore par la nécessité de soutenir les économies frappées par la pandémie de COVID-19. En matière de puissance financière, l’Union européenne dispose de nombreux atouts, à commencer par sa monnaie unique, mais elle souffre aussi de véritables handicaps, particulièrement visibles au moment de la présidence Trump.
Can probiotic supplements prevent early childhood caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Twetman S. , Jørgensen M.R.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to explore the preventive effect of probiotic supplements on the development of early childhood caries (ECC). We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases up to January 15, 2021. The authors screened the hits independently for relevance, extracted outcome data and assessed the risk of bias. We performed a random effects meta-analysis to pool and compare the incidence of ECC in children assigned to test or placebo groups, respectively. The authors included nine randomised controlled trials published between 2001 and 2021, involving 2,363 preschool children. We assessed two publications with a moderate risk of bias and seven with high risk of bias. The median caries incidence in the probiotic test groups was 8.5% compared with 17.5% in the placebo groups and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). A pooled random effects meta-analysis on caries incidence on subject level showed a small but statistically significant risk difference in favour of the probiotic intervention (-0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.10, -0.00; P<0.05). The mean difference in caries increment on tooth/surface level was -0.57, (95% CI -0.91, -0.23; P<0.01). In conclusion, we demonstrated a small but statistically significant preventive effect of probiotic supplements on ECC. However, the certainty of this finding was low due to the risk of bias, heterogeneity and inconsistencies across the studies. Further long-term randomised controlled trials with low risk of bias are required in order to answer the research question with a higher certainty.
Mitigating Suicide Risk for Children Discharged From a Psychiatric Hospital: A Treatment Intervention
Authors: Searls Theresa R.
Published: June 2021

The current article describes the work of an inpatient child psychiatric hospital in creating a treatment intervention in which parents learn about mitigating suicide risk for their child at home and are coached through the process of making changes in the home before the child's discharge. For simplicity, children and adolescents are referred to as children, the adults caring for children after discharge are referred to as parents, and the places children are discharged to are referred to as home. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59
(11), 15–17.]
Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy and Recovery Using Alcoholics Anonymous
®
: An Integrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Adelman-Mullally Theresa , Kerber Cindy , Reitz O. Erin , Kim MyoungJin
Published: June 2021

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic health problem in the United States, with social, economic, and personal consequences. The purpose of the current integrative review was to examine recovery from AUD in adult Alcoholics Anonymous® (AA) members working the 12 steps. Databases were searched using a combination of search terms with inclusion criteria of human adult studies published in English between 2010 to 2020. Searching the references of retained records also identified other relevant studies for inclusion. Through the process of two searches and examination of retained records' reference lists, 20 articles were retained. AA outcomes frequently cited are abstinence, improved self-efficacy, improved psychosocial well-being, and improved social networks. These positive outcomes are linked to attendance and participation in AA. There is a deficiency of research specific to how AA works to achieve the ascribed outcomes. This identified gap in the state of the science lays the foundation for future research. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59
(12), 33–39.]
Mots scolaires et modèle éducatif
Authors: Garcia Alain
Published: June 2021

Pour tenter de définir le modèle éducatif français, nous ciblons quatre termes courants dans les collèges et lycées publics. « Vie scolaire », « administration », « autorité » et « pédagogie » semblent en effet naturalisées et préservées des questionnements. Ces quatre notions, pourtant, témoignent de constructions sémantiques et d’enjeux idéologiques. Bien que polysémiques, les formules « vie scolaire », « administration » et « autorité » affirment en effet le même ordre scolaire, la même hiérarchie de valeurs, les mêmes rangs statutaires et les mêmes pouvoirs fonctionnels. La coupure entre enseignants et non-enseignants est, de ce point de vue, le premier enseignement de l’École. À cette logique duale répond un autre fait : au centre de l’activité scolaire, la « pédagogie » est rarement évoquée dans ses aspects pratiques. Pour préserver, peut-être, le huis clos des cours et les aléas de leur mise en œuvre, les personnels de l’enseignement secondaire parlent de « pédagogie » dans une acception réifiée et quasi immobile : le sens des formules « équipe pédagogique », « liberté pédagogique » ou pédagogie en actes n’est donc pas débattu. Tronçonnée en horaires, acteurs et apprentissages isolés, l’éducation offerte aux élèves semble finalement peu cohérente et peu intégratrice.
La réalité conditionnelle du possible
Authors: Margel Serge
Published: June 2021

Cet article porte sur la théorie augustinienne du miracle. Il s’agit de montrer comment saint Augustin développe une conception naturaliste du miracle en inscrivant son phénomène dans les premiers principes de la création du monde. Qu’il soit considéré comme un événement, un signe ou un récit, le miracle n’entre jamais en contradiction avec les lois de la nature, mais il ne fait qu’en détourner le cours ordinaire. Le miracle est donc naturel en ce sens qu’il constitue toujours l’effet possible d’une cause naturelle, modifiée dans son cours ordinaire.
Adult attention-deficit Hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Prakash Jyoti , Chatterjee K. , Guha S. , Srivastava K. , Chauhan V. S.
Published: June 2021

There is ambiguity about the clinical picture and concept of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Relevant literature was extracted from various search engines, analyzed, and interpreted. Available literature suggests a significant prevalence of ADHD in the adult population affecting the quality of socio-occupational functioning. Inattentiveness was more commonly present than hyperactivity–impulsivity. Frequent comorbidities with other psychiatric disorders like anxiety disorders and substance use disorders were noted. Pharmacological management and psychotherapy have been found effective in its management. ADHD is a disorder across the lifespan and fairly prevalent among adults. Greater awareness and more research are required for a better understanding of Adult ADHD and its effective management.
Computed tomography guided mock up driven designing of implant surgical guide
Authors: Nelogi Santosh , Nelogi Maheshwari , Rachana KB
Published: June 2021

Prosthodontic implant rehabilitation remains one of the most complex restorative challenges because of the most usual troubles with regard to the lack of adequate treatment planning. Position, angulation, implant diameter, and length of an implant need to be determined before the surgical procedure is planned. This article briefs about the novel technique of presurgical mock up of implant site and evaluation of implants – Position, angulation, and complexity of procedure on the study model.
Can lacrimal punctum size link to the severity of dry eye disease?
Authors: Chen Ming , Hedges Jerris R. , Choi So Yung , Liu Keke , Lin Szu Yuan
Published: June 2021

To investigate if larger punctum size links to the severity of dry eye disease (DED) and perhaps, punctum size inspection can be adopted to become one of the DED evaluations for practitioners. The records of 200 eyes of 114 patients that had temporary collagen punctum plugs due to severe DED (Level 2 to Level 4) from January 1, 2017, to July 31, 2018, were reviewed for the size of the plugs. Lacrimal punctum size of those eyes was approximated according to the size of vertical canalicular soft collagen plug (from 0.3 to 0.5 mm diameter, Oasis, Lacrimedics, Glendora, CA, USA). The dry eye severity grading from the International Dry Eye WorkShop was used to grade the level of the severity of DED. Those eyes classified as Level 2 and above were considered as severe due to the presentation of moderate-to-diffuse corneal staining and symptomatic. To assess if there is a correlation between punctum size and the severity of DED, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated. Of the 200 Level 2 and above eyes, 131 (66%) eyes had a large punctum (≥0.5 mm). Punctum size larger than 0.4 mm was 95%. The estimated Spearman's ρ was 0.16. This indicates a statistical significant positive correlation (P = 0.02) between larger punctum size and higher level of DED. The larger size of lacrimal punctum may link to the severity of DED. Punctum inspection may be adopted to become one parameter for DED evaluation for practitioners.
Emission characterization of diesel engine run on coconut oil biodiesel its blends and diesel
Authors: Musa Nicholas A. , Teran Georgina M. , Yaman Saraki A.
Published: June 2021

The use of biodiesel in running diesel has been called for, with a view to mitigating the environmental pollution, depletion, cost and scarcity associated with the use diesel in running diesel engine. So the need to characterize the emissions from these biodiesel, cannot be overemphasized, hence this paper presents the evaluation of the emissions of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide(CO), hydrocarbon(HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) from diesel engine run on coconut oil biodiesel, its blends and diesel for comparison. The result of the evaluation showed that NOX emission increased with increase in percentage of the biodiesel in the blend, while PM, CO, HC decreased with increase in the percentage biodiesel in the blend. In comparison with diesel, diesel has the least emission of NOX and the highest emission of PM, CO and HC.Keywords: Diesel engine, diesel, coconut oil biodiesel, blends, emissions
Gas flaring: Carbon dioxide contribution to global warming
Authors: Amaechi Chika Floyd , Biose Ekene
Published: June 2021

Within 1950 - 2004 the earth recorded a considerable increase in its average ambient temperature. This was however due to increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions resulting from high consumption of fossil fuels. Flaring been a source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, is a concern to skeptics and local oil producing communities as a significant contributor to global warming, environmental degradation, health risk and economic loss. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the impacts of gas flaring on global warming and the local oil producing communities. The study adopted the quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. The quantitative method involved using results complied by researchers of the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center showing the total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (1950 -2004) from various sources to determine the impact carbon dioxide from flaring has had on global warming. The determination was done using a computer software (excel). The qualitative method on the other hand involved the use of case study literatures to examine and review the impacts gas flaring has on the local oil producing communities. The quantitative method of analysis showed that carbon dioxide from gas flaring constitute 1% of the total anthropogenic carbon dioxide which was considered insignificant, whilst the case study review of the qualitative method showed that gas flaring cause environmental degradation, health risks and constitute financial loss to the local oil producing communities. The research went ahead to refute the argument that gas flaring causes global warming, however acknowledging that it causes environmental degradation, health risks and economic loss to the local oil producing communities.
On-site assessment of environmental and sanitary qualities of Rainwater Harvesting System (RWH) in a rural community in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Igbinosa Isoken H. , Osemwengie Osahon V.
Published: June 2021

Around fifty percent of individuals living in underdeveloped countries lack safe drinking water and sanitation. Occasionally their water sources get contaminated with their waste leading to an elevated level of distress. The improvement of water supply, sanitation, hygiene and management of water resources can hugely prevent up to one-tenth of the global disease burden. On-site assessment of environmental and sanitary qualities of rainwater harvesting system (RWH) in households was carried out using a structured questionnaire. The structural assessment of the rainwater harvesting system showed that corrugated iron sheet was the roof type used in all sites surveyed. Also all the rainwater harvesting (RWH) system surveyed was found to have gutters, although the condition of the gutters varied: good (15%), fair (65%) and poor (20%). The harvested rainwater reservoir was mainly made of concrete (90%) with subsurface submerge in the ground. On-site assessment of the sanitary location of the RWH system showed that 5% were located near a septic tank and another 5% in flooded area. The harvested rainwater was used for several domestic purposes including drinking. All respondent agreed that they use rainwater for washing while 10% of the respondent agreed that they drink the harvested rainwater. The maintenance culture of RWH system owners was investigated. Sixty-five percent (65%) of respondent agreed that they have first diverters devise installed in the rainwater harvesting system. Ten percent (10%) of respondent has never cleaned their storage reservoir. Of the remaining respondents, 50% cleaned their reservoir once a year while 25% clean twice a year. The rainwater harvesting system in the study area lack basic environmental and structural requirements which pose potential health risk to individual who rely on the source of water for potable use.Keywords: Water shortage, Health risk, Water quality, Roof-top, Rainwater
Determination of medical waste composition in hospitals of Sana'a city, Yemen
Authors: Alwabr Gawad M.A. , Al-Mikhlafi Ahmed S. , Al-Hakimi Saif A. , Dughish Munira A.
Published: June 2021

The composition analysis of medical waste is generally considered to be the fundamental information for the most basic steps in the development of a plan for solid hospitals waste management. The objectives of this study were to determine the quantity, generation rate, and the physical composition of medical waste generated in hospitals of Sana'a city, Yemen. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the composition of hospital wastes generated in four governmental hospitals in Sana'a City. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of the hospitals, which included (Al-Thawra, Al-Kuwait, Republic, and Military). Results of this study showed that the daily average of the waste generated from the studied hospitals was 5615 kg/day. Approximately 26% of the total waste was hazardous (infectious, pathological, and chemical wastes). While 74% was a general (non-hazardous) waste. The average rate of the total waste generation was 3 kg/patient/day, and 2.5 kg/bed/day. The mean individual components of generated waste in the studied hospitals were; foods 27%, plastic 22%, paper/cardboard 22%, glass 11%, metals 10%, and others 8%. In conclusion, about 26% of the waste was hazardous. The physical component analysis of the waste indicated that the foods, plastic, and paper/cartoon has the highest content of the hospitals waste. Decision makers in Yemen can use this study information for designing and plan the properly management for the collecting system and the healthy disposal of the hazardous waste. Also, for estimating the total policy of required facilities, manpower, and other related costs.Keywords: Composition; medical waste; hospitals waste; Yemen
Municipal water resources management: evaluation of water consumption by car wash facilities in Bauchi Town, Nigeria
Authors: Odiana Sylvester , Onoja Monday , Ebun-Igbeare Ernest
Published: June 2021

Car wash can be defined as a facility used to clean the exterior and in some cases, the interior of motor vehicles. These facilities are common in Bauchi and other cities in Nigeria. They use water as a major input thereby causing serious challenges to water resources management. Car wash facilities in Bauchi depend on municipal water supply by water board. The study aimed at determining the rate of municipal water consumption by car wash facilities in Bauchi. It was carried out by measuring the volume of water used in washing cars by some selected car wash facilities in the town using both bucket and hose methods. The data collected were analysed using statistical method such as random sampling techniques and simple descriptive method like Tables, Figures and mean. The result shows that 1,710,091.2L is withdrawn daily from the municipal water supply by car wash facilities. This is more than the quantity of water serving zone ‘L’ of the 16-zones of Bauchi Water Demand Zones. It also shows that the use of hose consume 441.2L/day and the use of bucket consume 115.5L/day which indicate that more water is wasted using hose method. Therefore, car wash facilities consume significant amount of water supplied by the Water Board. If the current trend continues and with the proliferation of car wash in Bauchi, there will be water shortage to the populace who are the primary beneficiaries.Keywords: car wash, Bauchi, input,Water Board, consumption, volume
Potentials for commercial production of biogas from domestic food waste generated in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Akhator E.P. , Igbinomwanhia D.I. , Obanor A.I.
Published: June 2021

The work reported in this paper investigated the potentials of commercial biogas production from biodegradable waste in Benin metropolis. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved characterization of solid waste generated and determination of the quantity of potential feed stock for biogas production in Benin metropolis and the second phase was determination of the amount of biogas obtainable from biodegradable waste. The results from the study showed that an average daily generation rate of 0.358kg per person per day (ppd.) of solid waste is generated in study area. Food waste accounted for about 78.49% of the generated solid waste representing 0.281kg per person per day (ppd.) and a total daily food waste generation of 305.075tonnes. Based on this value for food waste the obtainable biogas was estimated to be 28,836.91m3 of biogas in Benin metropolis per day. This volume of biogas can provide cooking gas for about 24,076.91 families per month in Benin metropolis or alternatively can be utilised to generate about 49.023MW of electricity per day.Keywords: Solid waste management, food waste, anaerobic digestion, biogas
Effect of particulates generated from asphalt production on the morphological and leaf epidermal traits of some common plants
Authors: Ajuru Mercy Gospel , Upadhi Friday
Published: June 2021

A comparative study was carried out to ascertain the effects of particulate matter on the gross morphological and leaf epidermal features of some tropical plants. Two populations of Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott, Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson, and Ageratum conyzoides (L.) were collected; one from an unpolluted area and the other from a polluted environment (generated from an asphalt production industry). Plants from the polluted area show marked reduction in leaf size and area, and reduced chlorophyll content in leaves. There were chlorotic and necrotic leaf spots on the species from polluted area and an average leaf area of 94.81 cm2, 15.81 cm2, and 17.29 cm2 for X. mafaffa, C. odorata and A. conyzoides respectively while the non-polluted species had no leaf spots and an average leaf area of 181.95cm2, 36.75 cm2, and 32.11cm2 for X. mafaffa, C. odorata and A. conyzoides respectively. Length and width of stomatal pore of leaves from polluted area had increased number of stomata, but the length and width of stomata were reduced by -12.89% and -08.42%, -19.54% and -28.60% and -27.50% and -37.86% in the length and width of X. mafaffa, C. odorata and A. conyzoides respectively, as compared to the leaf samples from unpolluted area. Also, epidermal cells decreased compared to the leaves from unpolluted area, while the density of epidermal cells per unit area increased. These suggest that these plants are under air pollution stress and the results are adaptive and compensated mechanism to the adverse effects of the particulate matter.
Tree size comparison of some important street trees growing at different sites of Karachi City, Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Iqbal Muhammad , Khan Amber , Shafiq Muhammad , Athar Mohammad , Farooqi Zia-Urrehman , Kabir Muhammad
Published: June 2021

The importance of trees in urban environment is now widely recognized as they cleanse the particulate air pollution and help to make cities and towns more agreeable places to dwell upon. A detailed survey was conducted to study the size of Alstonia scholaris, Azadirachta indica, Bombax ceiba, Cassia fistula, Eucalyptus sp., Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa and Guaiacum officinale trees in the urban environment of Karachi, Pakistan. Results showed a wide range of variation in tree diameter breast height (17.12-65.50 cm) at M. A. Jinnah Road, University Road (near Hassan Square), North Nazimabad and Karachi University Campus, respectively. A. indica, Eucalyptus sp., and F. benghalensis showed less dbh (tree diameter breast height) at M. A. Jinnah Road as compared to University Road (near Hassan Square), North Nazimabad and Karachi University Campus, respectively. G. officinale growing at University Road (near Hassan Square) showed  ess tree dbh as compared to M. A. Jinnah Road and Karachi University campus. Similarly, the tree size of B. ceiba and A. scholaris was recorded less at Nazimabad as compared to M. A. Jinnah Road, University Road (near Hassan Square) and Karachi University Campus, respectively. C. fistula growing at North Nazimabad site showed low tree dbh as compared to University Road (near Hassan Square) site. A. scholaris growing at Karachi University Campus site showed highest dbh value as compared to all studied sites. The tree size of G. officinale was recorded highest at M. A. Jinnah Road as compared to North Nazimabad, University Road (near Hassan Square) and Karachi University Campus, respectively. Whereas, Eucalyptus sp. and F. benghalensis recorded highest dbh at North Nazimabad site as compared to M. A. Jinnah Road, University Road (near Hassan Square) and Karachi University Campus, respectively. More research is needed on these trees for healthy environment of city. The present study recommends for the complete documentation of tree species growing in city. Such information will be useful to identify characteristics that can be used to select tree species that are better suited for planting on other areas of the city. These findings can be helpful for arboriculturists, environmental scientists and town planners when working on plantation in the selected area.Keywords: Circumference, diameter at breast height, size, roadside tree, urban environment, Pakistan
Assessment of physicochemical characteristics and some heavy metals of Ossiomo River, Ologbo – a tributary of Benin River, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ikhuoriah S.O. , Oronsaye C.G.
Published: June 2021

Assessment of the physicochemical characteristics and some heavy metals of Ossiomo River, Ologbo- a tributary of Benin River, Southern Nigeria was carried out from April 2012 to December 2012. Three stations were studied from upstream to downstream with a distance of about 2 kilometres between each station. A total of twenty-two (22) physicochemical parameters and some heavy metals were studied. Air temperature ranged from the mean 27.01 to 29.57°C, water temperature 25.87 to 27.56°C, depth 1.32 to 1.705m, flow velocity 0.08 to 0.13m/s, transparency 1.01 to 1.30m, pH 5.76 to 6.01, electrical conductivity 62.03 to 70.11μS/cm, turbidity 3.97 to 4.39 NTU, total suspended solid 5.01 to 5.80mg/l, total solid 38.82 to 42.11mg/l, total dissolve solid 29.60 to 33.84mg/l, DO 7.12 to 7.54mg/l, BOD5 1.51 to 2.60mg/l, alkalinity 48.63 to 53.28mg/l, the cations (sodium 1.35 to 1.43mg/l, potassium 0.25 to 0.26mg/l, calcium 0.92 to 1.00mg/l, magnesium 0.44 to 0.52mg/l), chloride 26.44 to 36.39mg/l, and the nutrient components (phosphorus 0.25 to 0.33mg/l, nitrate 0.16 to 0.20 mg/l, sulphate 0.88 to 0.94mg/l). Heavy metals level were generally low ranging from 0.05 to 2.61mg/l (cadmium 0.05 to 0.51mg/l, lead 0.06 to 0.09mg/l, zinc 0.11 to 0.12mg/l, copper 0.39 to 0.41mg/l, iron 2.00 to 2.61mg/l. Mean across stations were compared using Analysis of Variance and only three characteristics namely, air temperature, water temperature and flow velocity were significant. In station 1 (upstream), air temperature and water temperature were significantly higher than other 2 stations (downstream) while the flow velocity was significantly faster in station 3 than both upstream and midstream stations. A marked seasonal significant faster flow velocity was recorded in the wet than in the dry season. Furthermore, a significant (P < 0.05) pattern of seasonal variation was observed in seven (7) characteristics, total solids, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, nitrate and sulphate. Anthropogenic activities had negatively impacted on station 2 of the river, although the recorded values were still within acceptable limits.Keywords: Physicochemical, Characteristics, Ossiomo River, Assessment, Heavy metals, Ologbo
Heavy metal analyses and nutritional composition of raw and smoked fishes from Ologe and Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Jolaoso Anuoluwapo Omosileola , Njoku Kelechi Longinus , Akinola Modupe Olatunde , Adesuyi Adeola Alex , Adedokun Aderinola Hannah
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional composition and heavy metals concentration of smoked and raw edible fish species from Ologe lagoon (freshwater) and Lagos lagoon (marine). The fish species from Ologe include: Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Catfish), Monodactylus sebae (African moony), Pomadasys jubelini (Buro), Sphyraena barracuda (Great barracuda), and Pseudotolithus elongatus (Croaker), while that of Lagos lagoon include Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Catfish), Caranx hippos (Crevalle jack), Liza falcipinnis (Sicklefin mullet), Pomadasys jubelini (Buro), and Monodactylus sebae (African moony). The nutritional composition ranged in the following trend moisture (43.24 - 76.79 %) > carbohydrate (3.16 – 63.45 %) > protein (0.80 - 31.55 %) > fibre (1.07 – 2.8 %) > ash (0.81 – 1.88 %) > fat (0.40 – 1.30 %). In this study, these fishes are generally low in fats (lean fish), and fish smoking tend to reduces their nutritional composition. Heavy metals concentration trend thus Zn (2.4 – 7.75 mg/kg) > Ni (0.80 – 1.925 mg/kg) > Cr (0.20 – 0.550 mg/kg) > Pb (0.025 – 0.50 mg/kg). In all the samples, all the metals of interest were detected except cadmium which was not found in any of the samples analysed. Pb (0.025 - 0.5 mg/kg) values in the fishes were lower than the maximum standard level reported to be 0.5 mg/kg dry weight by FAO except in the raw Pomadasys jubelini where the value is 0.5mg/kg. The fresh water fishes showed higher concentration of heavy metals than marine water fishes but not statistically significant (p>0.05). Although, smoked fishes showed higher concentration of heavy metals than the raw fishes, it was only significant for zinc (p<0.05). In view of this study and the importance of fish in human diet, it is recommended that biological monitoring of fishes meant for consumption from these two water bodies be carried out regularly to ensure human safety.Keywords: Nutritional composition, heavy metals, fresh water fishes, marine water fishes, lagoons
Między tęczą a kryształem. Echo u Macieja Kazimierza Sarbiewskiego jako gatunek odbicia w świetle jego komentarza do Summy teologicznej Akwinaty
Authors: Szabelska Hanna
Published: June 2021

Between the Rainbow and the Crystal Glass: Echo in Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski as a Species of Refraction in the Light of His Commentary on Summa theologica by Thomas Aquinas

The aim of this essay is to highlight an important gap in the research into the works of Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski (1595–1640), Jesuit neo-Latin poet and philosopher, namely the fact that his still unpublished lectures on one God in three persons and on angels, held in Vilnius Academy in the years 1631–1633, have remained largely unexplored by researchers so far. The main thesis is that these thomistic commentaries can considerably deepen our understanding of the dialectical and theological context of Sarbiewski’s poetry. For example, they shed new light on his Marian imagery (inter alia, the usage of the invocation ‘purum sine fraude vitrum’), or on his way of avoiding the danger of the infinite regress of concepts as being similar to mirror reflections.

The argument concentrates on the figure of echo in two poems: the praise of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz and the ode Secunda leuca seu Vaca as influenced by a new version of the Litany of Loreto (Litaniae Deiparae Virginis Mariae). It makes use of the definition of echo as taught in the Coimbra Jesuit Aristotelian courses. The phenomenon of echo is taken together with other species of refraction: the rainbow and reflection (Aristotle, Posterior Analytics, 98a.24–29), and set against the background of new technologies, such as the production of crystal mirrors.
Przepisy karne ustawy o prawie autorskim z 1926 roku w pracach ustawodawczych i praktyce sądowej. Naddruk – plagiat – strona podmiotowa – sankcje karne
Authors: Szczepaniak Damian
Published: June 2021

The Penal Provisions of the Polish Copyright Law of 1926 in Legislative Works and Judicial Practice: Overprint – Plagiarism – the Subjective Side – Penal Sanctions This paper is the result of the continuation of ongoing studies on the penal provisions of the Polish Copyright Law of 1926. Some of the research results were presented in the article titled The Penal Provisions of the Polish Copyright Law of 1926. The History of Its Creation –Its General Characteristics –Art. 61 and Its Significance for Further Regulations, which was published in “Cracow Studies of Constitutional and Legal History”(2018, issue 4). This text is a presentation of the analysis of special provisions regulating penal liability for the offences of overprint and plagiarism. Further in the article, the notion of the subjective side is discussed in relation to the offences defined in the Polish Copyright Law of 1926 and also the penal sanctions provided for these offences. In the analysis of the specific problems, emphasis is placed on the course of works on the regulations conducted by the Codification Commission and by the Parliament as well as on the issues related to their application. This approach makes it possible to reconstruct the fundamental legal problems faced by the codifiers and subsequently by the system of justice applying the relevant regulations. The studies concerning the application of copyright law were mainly focused on the judicial practice of the District Court in Kraków. They were based on the court registers and records from the interwar period stored in the National Archives in Kraków. The archival research discovered that the cases concerning the infringement of copyright constituted barely 0.09% of all criminal cases lodged with the District Court in Kraków in the 1930s. In that period, only five persons were definitely sentenced in this respect. Even though there were few criminal cases concerning copyright infringement in the times of the Second Polish Republic, the rulings issued, especially those issued by the Supreme Court, undoubtedly influenced the formation of jurisprudence regarding the interpretation of copyright, and they continue to be cited in pertinent literature up to this day.
Computer - Assisted Processing of Intertextuality in Ancient Languages
Authors: Hedges Mark , Jordanous Anna , Lawrence K. Faith , Roueché Charlotte , Tupman Charlotte
Published: June 2021

The production of digital critical editions of texts using TEI is now a widely-adopted procedure within digital humanities. The work described in this paper extends this approach to the publication of gnomologia (anthologies of wise sayings) , which formed a widespread literary genre in many cultures of the medieval Mediterranean. These texts are challenging because they were rarely copied straightforwardly ; rather , sayings were selected , reorganised , modified or re-attributed between manuscripts , resulting in a highly interconnected corpus for which a standard approach to digital publication is insufficient. Focusing on Greek and Arabic collections , we address this challenge using semantic web techniques to create an ecosystem of texts , relationships and annotations , and consider a new model – organic , collaborative , interconnected , and open-ended – of what constitutes an edition. This semantic web-based approach allows scholars to add their own materials and annotations to the network of information and to explore the conceptual networks that arise from these interconnected sayings .