bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of the Laplacian with mixed boundary conditions in a chamfered quarter of layer
Authors: Chesnel Lucas , Nazarov Sergei A. , Taskinen Jari
Published: April 2024

We investigate the spectrum of a Laplace operator with mixed boundary conditions in an unbounded chamfered quarter of layer. This problem arises in the study of the spectrum of the Dirichlet Laplacian in thick polyhedral domains having some symmetries such as the so-called Fichera layer. The geometry we consider depends on two parameters gathered in some vector

\kappa=(\kappa_{1},\kappa_{2})

which characterises the domain at the edges. By exchanging the axes and/or modifying their orientations if necessary, it is sufficient to restrict the analysis to the cases

\kappa_{1}\ge0

and

\kappa_{2}\in[-\kappa_{1},\kappa_{1}]

. We identify the essential spectrum and establish different results concerning the discrete spectrum with respect to

\kappa

. In particular, we show that for a given

\kappa_{1}>0

, there is some

h(\kappa_{1})>0

such that discrete spectrum exists for

\kappa_{2}\in[-\kappa_{1},0)\cup(h(\kappa_{1}),\kappa_{1}]

whereas it is empty for

\kappa_{2}\in[0,h(\kappa_{1})]

. The proofs rely on classical arguments of spectral theory such as the max-min principle. The main originality lies rather in the delicate use of the features of the geometry.
Geological Formation and Soil Type Impact on Terrestrial Gamma Radiation Dose: A Statistical Approach of Dange Shuni (LGA) Sokoto State Nigeria
Authors: Saidu Aminu , Muhammad Sabiu B. , Abubaka Usman , Aliyu Junaidu , Bashir Zainab A. , Ibrahim Abdullahi M. , Abdullahi Bashir , Wasagu Musa A. , Bala Aliyu
Published: April 2024

Background radiation information is a viable tool for mitigating negative influence of the Terrestrial Gamma Radiation Dose rate (TGRD)  on humans and their livelihood, Terrestrial gamma radiation plays significant role in background radiation which largely depends on the  type of soil and fundamental geological pattern in a location. Several In situ evaluation of gamma radiation dose of the varied geological  formations were performed in the area. Handheld Geiger Muller (GM) radiation survey meter (RADOS RDS-31) was used in evaluating the  terrestrial gamma radiation dose while one way (ANOVA) variance analysis was employed to determine and compare the TGRD at  different geological and soil formations. The external radiation dose which ranges from 15 - 270 nGy/h having an overall mean value of  91.95635 nGy/h throughout the geological formations was assessed where the mean value exceeded the global limit of 59 nGyh−1 by 200%, furthermore, external gamma radiation dose rates ranging from 40 to 270 nGy/h with overall mean value of 120.0893 nGy/h. TGRD  across the existing soil types was also evaluated. It was found out that the Dange formation has highest mean TGRD value of 161.1111  nGyh−1 . The assessment reveals significant influence of geological formation and soil type formation on the evaluated TGRD rates of  Dange Formation.
Functionalised Seed Pods for the Sorption of Crystal Violet from Aqueous Solution: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies
Authors: Jasper Enebi E. , Onwuka Jude C. , Bilyamin Ishaq , Ajibola Victor O.
Published: April 2024

The release of dye-containing effluents from several industries into natural water bodies continues to pose a serious threat to the  ecosystem. Even though several conventional wastewater treatment technologies abound, their usage in developing nations has been  limited due to their high cost. This has prompted research into the use of low-cost materials, such as agricultural waste biomass for  sequestering such dyes from wastewater. The ability of CH3COOH-functionalised Millettia thonningii seed pods (FMTP), an agricultural  waste, as an adsorbent for the sequestration of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous solutions is investigated in this study. Fourier  Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the functionalized adsorbent and its precursor. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich's kinetic models were used to analyze the kinetic data, while Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm  models were used to analyze the equilibrium data using the non-linear regression method. To evaluate the adsorption data and identify  the best-fitting kinetic and isotherm models, four error functions were used: Coefficient of Determination (R2 ), Chi-Square (χ2 ), Sum of  Error Squares (SSE), and Percent Deviation (% D). The adsorption kinetics was best described by Elovich's kinetic model, while the  adsorption equilibrium was better described by the Freundlich model, indicating that the mechanism of adsorption is predominantly  chemisorption onto a heterogeneous adsorbent surface. The maximum adsorption capacity of the functionalized adsorbent was 34.8270  mg/g as given by the Langmuir Qmax. Experimental results revealed that acetic acid functionalized biomass is a suitable adsorbent for  removing CV from aqueous solutions. Its application in the treatment of industrial wastewater should be investigated further.
Effect of Methanolic Extract of Ficus trigonata Leaves on Lipid Profile and Liver Function Indices in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice
Authors: Jada Mahmoud S. , Stephen Hyelda , Zailani Hauwa A. , Wurochekke Abdullahi U.
Published: April 2024

The research was designed to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of Ficus trigonata leaves on lipid profile and liver function indices  in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. The extract was prepared by maceration and tested for antioxidant activity using Diphenyl-picryl  hydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. Thirty-six (36) mice were used for the study. The extract was  administered orally at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg to infected mice for four days and compared to standard drug chloroquine and  normal saline controls. Lipid profile and liver function indices were determined using standard methods. The results showed that the  extract exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in both DPPH and FRAP assays, with an IC50 values of 0.49 and 0.37 mg/ mL, respectively. The elevated levels of Triglycerides and Total cholesterol were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by the extract compared to  negative control. The extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol levels from 93.00 ±2.00 mg/dL in negative  controls to 81.33 ± 4.67 mg/dL, 90.33 ± 2.91 mg/dL, and 89.00 ± 3.06 mg/dL in the 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg extract treatment groups  respectively. The elevated level of High Density Lipoprotein from 60.33 ± 2.96 mg/dL in naïve mice was also significantly (P<0.05) reduced  in the treatment groups. The increased levels of Aspartate Transaminase, Alanine Transaminase, and Alkaline Phosphatase observed in  negative control were also significantly (P<0.05) reduced by the extract. The research clearly established the potential of methanolic  extract of Ficus trigonata leaves to ameliorate malaria-induced dyslipidaemia and hepatotoxicity.
Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Sorbitan Isolated from the Leaves of Securidaca longipedunculata (Fresen)
Authors: Hassan Lawal G. , Umar Kabiru J. , Yusuf Amina. J. , Okolo Ephraim , Umar Umar A.
Published: April 2024

Securidaca longipedunculata is a shrub of the family Polygalaceae. It is a potent medicinal plant used in management of microbial  infection others. The aim of this study is to characterize, and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of sorbitan isolated from the leaves of  Securidaca Longipedunculata (Fresen). The methanol extract of S. longipedunculata was subjected to chromatographic purification,  which led to isolation of compound identified as sorbitan by analysis of the 1D and 2D-NMR spectral data. The antimicrobial screening  against bacterial pathogens (Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) S. aureus, S.  feacalis, E. coli, S. typhimurium, P. fluorescens, K. pneumoniea) and fungal pathogens (C. albicans, C. krusei, A. niger, A. fumigates, and Microsporumcanis) was performed using agar well diffusion and broth dilution method. In-vitro inhibition of these pathogenic  microorganisms produced inhibition zone ranging from 25 - 32 mm for sorbitan; the standard drugs sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin  (500µg/mL) had zone of inhibition ranging from 28 - 40 mm. While the antifungal drugs fluconazole and Fulcin exhibited zone of  inhibition ranging from 27 mm to 34 mm. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of sorbitan ranged from 25 - 12.5 mg/mL. The  minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of sorbitan was observed to be 50 - 25 mg/mL. Sorbitan was isolated and characterized from S. longipedunculata leaves extract and it demonstrated good antimicrobial activity which  validates the used of the plant leaves in the treatment of microbial infections in traditional medicine.
Toxicological Evaluation of Sub-Chronic Administration of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Ocimum canum on Lipid Parameters, Heart Histology and Feed Consumption of Wistar Rats
Authors: Simeon Joseph O. , Tosin Joseph O.
Published: April 2024

Ocimum canum is a plant that is commonly used in many parts of SubSaharan Africa to treat ailments such as infection, discomfort, and diarrhea. The study was aimed to evaluate the sub-chronic toxicity of Ocimum canum on the heart, lipid profile and feed consumption in  Wister rats after oral administration of the leaf extract. Animals of either sexes were chosen. Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg),  while groups 2, 3, and 4 received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of Ocimum canum, respectively. Animals were kept in conventional cages and  provided oral access to the extract, water, and food for 28 days before being weighed and slaughtered. Blood was drawn via heart  puncture and immediately sent for hematological and chemopathological investigation. The plant's histological cardiotoxic potential was  investigated using the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique. There was a significant (P<0.05) drop in RBC, HGB, and MCV, but  no change in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, or platelets. The extract did not cause a significant (P<0.05) change in cholesterol,  LDL, or triglyceride levels, but it did induce a substantial increase in HDL levels. Histological examination of cardiac tissue confirms other  parameters. The results indicated that the plant may not be cardiotoxic.
Sources of long-run economic growth: Algeria versus south Korea 1990-2018
Authors: Houas Amine , Ouakal Noureddine
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the sources of economic growth in Algeria and South Korea from comparative perspective to identify the key drivers of their economic performance during the period of 1990-2018.For this purpose, we uses the augmented growth accounting framework to decompose the aggregate economic growth into the contribution of various inputs (capital and labor) and the total factor productivity (TFP).The estimate results show that Korea has maintained high growth rates thanks to its ability to sustain both the high rates of capital accumulation and productivity(TFP) growth. Compared to Korea, the growth performance of Algeria has been weak and disappointing for decades mainly due to labor growth with weak gain in capital accumulation and sharp losses in TFP. Analyzing the proximate sources of Algeria's economic growth performance is a first step towards determining what needs to be done to promote growth in a more sustainable manner.
Analysis of the contribution of green economy indicators in Algeria using the method of principal components analysis
Authors: Bouriche Ahmed , Bouriche Sihem
Published: April 2024

Recent decades have seen a significant acceleration in environmental pollution and a lack of resources that humanity needs to survive, which has made it imperative for countries around the world to move towards a clean economy, particularly in more developed countries, where developed or underdeveloped countries are polluting the environment alike.Today, the green economy is of great importance in achieving sustainable development.This study aims to determine the relationship of the green economy with different social, environmental or economic dimensions and to evaluate and compare some countries of the world with Algeria in the extent to which green indicators are achieved, through our analytical statistical study by applying the method of analysis of the basic vehicles Principal Components Analysis (PCA) among the group of countries compared to Algeria based on the reports of the green economy for 2021.The study found that the green economy is an integrative process between its different dimensions is one of the main factors for achieving continuous and sustainable development.
clean technology transfer for climate change mitigation: mechanisms and barriers -with reference to Algeria-
Authors: Aziza Amroune , Kamel Dib
Published: April 2024

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the challenges of transferring clean technology and emerging opportunities under the new climate system, Economic growth in developing countries causes an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which requires enabling these countries to use climate-friendly technologies. This paper reviews the economic literature on clean technology, related barriers and supportive transfer mechanisms; with a focus on the various types of barriers that prevent the transfer of clean technologies to Algeria, based on both the descriptive and the deductive research methodologies. The study concluded that Algeria must develop a comprehensive strategy to overcome these barriers. Technology transfer is not a one-time activity; It is a continuous process with sequential activities, therefore , as a recipient entity, it must sponsor the process; it requires a domestic technological capacity, a program of training, promotion, research and development to keep clean technology alive and make it grow in its new land because it is vulnerable to fast fading.
Contribution à la mesure de la pauvreté multidimensionnelle en Algérie : application de la méthode des sous-ensembles flous à la région de Bejaia
Authors: Boumoula Samir , Boukhezer-Hammiche Nacira
Published: April 2024

L’objectif de ce papier est l’estimation de la pauvreté dans la wilaya de Béjaia par l’approche des « capabilités ». L’application de ce procédé s’appuie sur la méthode des sous-ensembles flous, qui consiste à définir des degrés de privation de chaque ménage par rapport à une liste d’indicateurs appartenant à diverses dimensions du bien-être. Grâce à l’agrégation de données relatives aux ménages dans la wilaya de Béjaïa, un indice de pauvreté multidimensionnelle est obtenu et se situe à 21,70%. La décomposition de cet indicateur met en avant de fortes privations dans des dimensions comme les actifs physiques, le déplacement et le capital social. D’autres dimensions, comme le logement et l’éducation, sont par ailleurs déterminantes car elles contribuent grandement à la pauvreté globale.
responsabilité sociétale des entreprises : un enjeu stratégique pour le développement territorial durable
Authors: Guerchouh Mouloud , Si Mohammed Djamel
Published: April 2024

L’idée du développement durable est de défendre le droit et la capacité des générations futures à disposer des ressources rares existantes. Il impose le partenariat, la coopération, la mobilisation et la participation des agents interdisciplinaires et appartenant à des secteurs socioéconomiques différents. Les entreprises constituent l’un des agents les plus actifs qui interviennent dans ce processus de développement durable, et leur rôle se manifeste par leurs engagements en matière de responsabilité sociétale. Cela dénote l’interdépendance entre les notions du développement durable et la RSE, même si elles agissent à deux niveaux distincts: tandis que la première opère au niveau macro-économique à travers des politiques gouvernementales, la seconde agit au niveau micro-économique, à travers des choix et des orientations stratégiques. Ce qui conduit les entreprises à se conformer aux nouvelles exigences liées au développement durable, poussant ainsi le management à s’adapter en adoptant d’autres pratiques managériales ‘’management durable’’. Conséquemment, la RSE, à travers le management durable, apparait comme un enjeu stratégique du développement économique durable au niveau territorial/local. Ce papier aborde la problématique de la relation qui lie la RSE au développement durable, vue sous l’angle de stratégies managériales et de politiques territoriales, avec une illustration empirique à travers le cas de l’Algérie et de l’entreprise COSIDER-Engineering
Efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) as an anthelmintic in Djallonke goats
Authors: Abdul-Rahman I.I. , Asiedu N.V. , Issah B.
Published: April 2024

An increase in the anthelmintic resistance of parasites in small ruminants and a push towards non -chemical farming necessitate the  search for alternative forms of anthelmintic. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of garlic (Allium sativum)  extract for controlling gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites in goats. One hundred and twenty West African Dwarf goats were involved, 60  each of young and adult goats. Three doses (2.5 ml, 5ml and 10 ml) of garlic extract, positive (albendazole) and negative (distilled water)  controls were administered to equal numbers of young and adult goats. The overall infection rate of GIT parasites was 84%, and goats were equally (p>0.05) infected with strongyle spp. Eimeria spp. and tapeworm within the guinea savannah environment. Garlic extract at  5 ml and 10 ml doses were effective in reducing faecal egg counts (FECs) of strongyles spp. (p<0.05), tapeworm (p<0.05) and overall GIT  parasites (p<0.05) populations. Similarly, all doses of garlic extract used were effective in reducing Eimeria spp. Garlic extract at 5 ml dose  significantly (p<0.05) reduced Eimeria spp. and overall GIT parasites FEC in adult than in young goats. Garlic extract as an oral  anthelmintic in goats is a viable option to commercially available chemicals, and 5 ml and 10 ml doses were effective in reducing the FECs  of all the species of GIT parasites studied.
Management factors associated with the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle: A case study of small-scale farms of the Nyamagana District in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Mramba R.P. , Mapunda P.E.
Published: April 2024

Gastrointestinal parasites constitute a significant threat to livestock development; causing sickness and, as a result, decreased output and  death. The traditional extensive communal grazing system practised by pastoralists increases exposure of cattle to the infective  stages of gastrointestinal parasites. Different factors, such as geographical location, management practises, and production systems,  may influence the occurrence of the parasites; thus, mitigation efforts should focus on local conditions. The aim of the study was to  determine factors associated with the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Nyamagana district in northern Tanzania. Faecal  samples were collected from 323 cattle in the study area for laboratory analysis using simple flotation and sedimentation  methods. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from the farmers on their production systems and management  practises. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 36.4%. The prevalence of Fasciola was 37.5%, Strongyles was 25%,  Taenia was 20%, Paramphistomum was 12.5%, and Schistosoma was 5%. The likelihood of cattle being infested with gastrointestinal  parasites was higher in the outdoor system of cattle production compared to the indoor system (p = 0.049) and in dirty cattle enclosures  (p = 0.002). Further, the likelihood of cattle being infested with parasites was lower among native farmers compared to non-native farmers (p < 0.001), where vaccination against diseases was practised (p = 0.032), and extension services were available to the farmers (p  = 0.043). To reduce the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, a combination of different strategies that focus on improving the immune  system of cattle and reducing exposure to infective stages of the parasites is necessary.
Comparison of different durations of boiling and freezing on the bone traits of poultry and flexure and crush tests in bone-breaking strength analysis in broilers
Authors: Zanu H.K. , Appiah-Kubi E. , Amevor R.K. , Mensah E. , Anevu F.K. , Boateng F.O. , Tenkpa I.K. , Frimpong S.O. , Wassah E.N. , Sadat A.B. , Asun D.K.
Published: April 2024

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different durations of boiling and freezing on the weight and breaking  strength (BS) of bones in Guinea fowls, broilers, and cockerels and compare three-point bending and crushing tests in determining the  BS in broilers. In experiment 1 (Guinea fowls), experiment 2 (broilers), and experiment 3 (cockerels), 10 birds were sacrificed in each  duration of the trial on d 56 post-hatch. Ten (10) tibiae and femur were boiled in experiments 1, 2, and 3 for 0, 5, 10, or 15 min. Other sets  of 10 tibiae and femur were frozen for 7 days for 0, 12, 18, or 24 hrs. In experiment 4, 3-point bending and crushing tests were compared  in testing the tibiae and femur BS at 28 and 56 d in broilers. In experiment 1, the tibial weight was reduced (P < 0.05) following 15 min of  boiling. Increasing the boiling time beyond 5 min led to a reduction (P < 0.05) in femur weight (% body weight) in Guinea fowls. The femur  weight (% body weight) and BS of Guinea fowls were only reduced (P < 0.05) when it was not frozen. In experiment 3, boiling at 5  min increased (P < 0.05) the tibial BS. In experiment 4, the tibial BS of broilers was higher (P < 0.05) under the crushing method at d 28  while femur BS was unchanged by either of the methods. The BS of both the tibia and femur were similar at d 56 regardless of the technique used. The duration of boiling or freezing as a preconditioning of bone might make a difference in BS in poultry. Also, the  crushing test might serve as a potential alternative to the bending test in assessing the BS of bone in broilers. However, further studies  are needed to buttress the current findings.
Nutritional evaluation and supplementation effect of bamboo leaves on intake, growth performance, and blood indices of Djallonké sheep fed Cenchrus purpureus and Brachiaria decumbens as basal diets
Authors: Antwi C. , Sasu P , Partey S. , Kwaku M. , Anim-Jnr A.S. , Frimpong Y.O. , Idan F.
Published: April 2024

In ruminant nutrition, the persistent issue of feed scarcity especially during the dry season necessitates the exploration of diverse feeding options. This study evaluated the suitability of Oxytenanthera abyssinica (OA) and Bambusa balcooa (BB) bamboo leaves as supplements for Djallonké sheep fed Cenchrus purpureus (CP) and Brachiaria decumbens (BD) grass basal diets. Leaf ingredients were subjected to  standard chemical and in vitro fermentation assessments. Furthermore, a total of 20 Djallonké ewes, initially weighing 14.3±1.17 kg, were  randomly assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: CPOA (400 g CP + 200 g OA), CPBB (400 g CP + 200 g BB), BDOA (400 g  BD + 200 g OA), and BDBB (400 g BD + 200 g BB). Among the leaves, OA had the highest crude protein content (124 g/kg DM), in vitro gas  yield (24 ml), and fermentation rate (0.67 ml/h). The COA-supplemented sheep significantly (p < 0.05) consumed more feed (505 g/d), and  gained more weight (96 g/d), with higher plasma protein levels compared to the BB supplement. The feeding of bamboo leaves,  especially O. abyssinica has the potential to improve ruminant nutrition. Further research on practical applications in various ruminant  systems is required.
Sciatic nerve loop engulfing perforator arteries - a case report
Authors: Kubwimana O. , Rugambwa J. , Gashegu J.
Published: April 2024

The sciatic nerve is the thickest in the human body; however, it is susceptible to a wide range of anatomical variations with potential clinical implications. Some variations are very rare and unreported in the existing literature We present a case of a middle-aged male cadaver with a sciatic nerve giving a loop where 3 perforator arteries from the profunda femoris artery pass; the loop bundles were reforming the main nerve distally. A sciatic nerve loop engulfing muscular perforator arteries is a scarce anatomical variation worth knowing for clinical, academic, and research interests.
Knowledge and attitude towards body donation among students in Huye campus, University of Rwanda
Authors: Archibong V. , Mohammed A. , Afodun A. , Okesina A. , Olurunnado S. , Ivan A. , Okesina K. , Gashegu J.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Body donation is the willingness of a person to donate his body or organ to a person or organization after death. Medical schools in Western countries depend solely on human donations for medical education. However, the trend is different in Africa due to limited literature. This study aimed to measure the level of knowledge and attitude toward body donation among students at the Huye campus, University of Rwanda METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 120 students at the Huye campus of the University of Rwanda. Data was collected using a Google format questionnaire. Knowledge and attitude were assigned scores of 0 and 1 for wrong and correct options, respectively. Knowledge of body donation was calculated as the sum of the scores of all knowledge questions, and Attitude was assessed as the mean of the sum of attitude scores. The association of age, knowledge, and attitude was assessed in bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. The threshold for statistical significance was P ≤ 0.05 with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: 49.2% of the respondents had a very good knowledge score, 43.3% had a good knowledge score, 6.7% had a fair knowledge score, and 0.8% had a poor knowledge score. The positive attitude score was 85.8%, and the negative attitude score was 14.2%. However, 66.7% of the respondents showed an unwillingness towards body donation, and 84.2% showed a willingness towards organ donation. CONCLUSION: The unwillingness to donate body organs observed in this study calls for the introduction of sensitization programs or courses on body donation at the tertiary level of education in Rwanda.
Effectiveness of the Zipgrade app in marking and data analysis in the Human Anatomy Department of the School of Medicine and Pharmacy at the University of Rwanda
Authors: Ndahimana P. , Archibong V. , Gashegu J. K.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: ZipGrade is a free online app, and that helps to grade student assessments in multiple-choice formats. It is an effective tool to analyze the student’s performance within a short time. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Zipgrade app in electronic marking and data analysis. METHODS: The study used the Anatomy III answer sheets of 71 students from Pharmacy Level 2. The Zipgrade App was used to prepare and mark the answer sheets at the end of the assessment. Within 15 minutes, 69 out of the 71 answer sheets were scanned and marked electronically on the mobile Zipgrade app using a smartphone. The Zipgrade mobile app analyzes the performance of the students on each question. RESULTS: The Zipgrade App provided results in the form of percentages, tables, and graphs. The minimum score was 38/80 (47.5%), while the maximum score was 71/80 (88.8%). The average score was 58.4/80 (73.1%). The median is 60 (75%), while the standard deviation was found to be 0.09. Six students scored 85-90%, ten students scored 80-85%, nineteen scored 75-80%, and seventeen students obtained 70-75%. Seven students got 65-70%, and three students scored 6065%. Five students scored between 50 and 60%, and two students failed the assessment by scoring 45-49%. Item analysis of questions showed that question 63 was the easiest, where 100% of students passed, and the most difficult was question 10, where only 10.1% of students passed the question. CONCLUSION: Zipgrade is an important technology in marking and grading, and it is a more efficient tool for a data-driven education system in today’s world.
Prevalence and associated factors of stunting and thinness among children and adolescents in Nasarawa State: comparison with World Health Organization reference
Authors: Nwankwo M. , Danborno B. , Musa S. A. , Akuyam A. S.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Nutritional status and growth patterns are key indicators of a population's socioeconomic well-being, but data on the prevalence of undernutrition and percentile ranges for height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents in Nigeria are currently lacking. This study aimed to determine how common undernutrition is and generate reference percentile ranges for height, weight, and BMI.

METHODS: The height and weight of 1,541 boys and 1,650 girls aged 5–18 years from Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, were measured in 2018 – 2019. The LMS method was used to generate smoothed percentiles of height, weight and BMI-for-age. Classifications of nutritional status were made according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for stunting and thinness.

RESULTS: The proportions of moderately and severely stunted boys were 17.8% and 5.6%, respectively, while the proportions of moderately and severely thinned boys were 52.4% and 27.5%. In girls, moderate and severe stunting incidence was 10.9% and 3.2%, respectively, whereas moderate and severe thinness prevalence was 43.7% and 18.8%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The present study shows that undernutrition is highly prevalent among children and adolescents in Lafia, although the severity of undernutrition is higher in boys than girls. This study offers researchers in Nigeria or other low- and middle-income nations the most recent age- and sex-standardized percentiles for height, weight, and BMI of children and adolescents in Lafia that may be used for comparison.
Knowledge and practice of adults towards different weight loss methods
Authors: Aldabbagh Raghad O. , Alshorbaji Marwah A. , Alsabbagh Yahya M.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Obesity has become a major public health issue worldwide. This study assessed knowledge and practices regarding various pharmacological and non-pharmacological weight loss approaches among 393 adults in Iraq.

METHODS: A questionnaire captured data on weight methods used, knowledge of treatable conditions, adverse effects, safety, efficacy, and challenges with long-term adherence.

RESULTS: Most participants were obese (64%), female (68%) with mainly being young age groups (18-29) and they were aware (93%) about their weight. Most participants were actively trying methods like fasting/intermittent fasting (20-26%), low-carbohydrates (36%), and exercise to lose weight (39%), driven by health and aesthetic concerns. Understanding of obesity-related diseases, reversible side effects, and medical supervision needs was reasonable. However, crucial knowledge gaps existed regarding nutritional adequacy and unrealistic expectations of sustained weight loss without professional support. The most well-known approaches were intermittent fasting (20-26%), reduced carbohydrate intake (36%) and increased exercise (38.9%). Key information sources were the internet (70%), nutrition specialists (33%), and family/friends (28-29%), rather than formal healthcare providers. Around 60% correctly identified weight reduction and comorbidity prevention as the main goals, though 15% wrongly assumed blood sugar control in non-diabetics.

CONCLUSION: These participants were highly concerned about their weight with minimal knowledge and themselves trying different methods to minimise the health impact of obesity; mainly fasting and exercise and participants confirmed that these are safer than other options.
Understanding Digital Violence and Sexual Abuse in Adolescents and Minors: A Literature Review
Authors: Fitzek Sebastian , Choi Kyung-Eun (Anna) , Drăgan Corina
Published: April 2024

This review provides a literature examination of the effects of digital violence perception and sexual abuse on adolescents and minors. Using a literature review method, we explore how factors such as age, gender, and familial and educational environments shape young people's understanding of and reactions to violence, particularly in digital settings. The study also delves into the enduring impact of sexual abuse on the mental, physical, and sexual health of youth. Through a careful selection of 15 recent studies from academic databases that focused on the nexus between media violence and sexual abuse, we revealed the need for holistic educational and preventive approaches. These approaches should simultaneously address the complexities of digital violence and sexual abuse while emphasizing the importance of social support systems. Our findings advocate for further research in varied cultural settings to reinforce mental health safeguards and promote balanced development in young individuals.
The Image of the Artist in the Media Space. The Relationship Between Media and Art During COVID-19
Authors: Petkova Prolet Trifonova
Published: April 2024

In line with the trends in communication in social networks, cultural institutes, and organizations follow the basic rules of digital PR and break them through the specifics of the products offered. In its future activity, the theater faces several challenges to increase its competitiveness. In addition to the high artistic value of the texts, the excellent acting and directing team, and the innovation and attractiveness of the performances, the theater should expand its channels of communication with the audience in social networks, develop more flexible campaigns with unconventional and provocative events, create a recognizable brand and facilitate audience access to its product, for example through online ticketing, interactive floor plan, etc. (Nedekov, 2014). Dangerous pandemics are an age-old enemy of the theater, and their appearance always means suspension of performances and bankruptcy for troupes, as it happened, for example, in London at the end of the 16th century, when William Shakespeare's star was rising. Today, however, the development of new technologies and media allows the theater to discover for itself an airless, and in this sense, safe space, which it can temporarily use as a refuge - the virtual. There, the screen can become a stage, but this has both positive and negative aspects for theatrical performance and these must be taken into account. The epidemic affects everyone and many economic sectors are in dire straits, but the cultural sector is among the hardest hit. The COVID-19 pandemic is defining the way of life and delineating the economic chasm that has opened up for small and large businesses and industries. Since the beginning of the crisis, culture has been one of the most affected sectors. The arts and culture sector has always been unstable, unsustainable, and volatile, but the COVID-19 pandemic has frozen the sector (2020), with many organizations facing bankruptcy and many people at risk of losing their income.
Women’s Participation in Digital Platforms: The Etsy Case in Bulgaria
Authors: Dobreva Mira
Published: April 2024

Many studies have examined the growth and impact of the platform economy, but none have investigated Bulgarian users’ involvement in Etsy, the largest online marketplace for the sale of unique handcrafted goods. Given the growing popularity of platforms as alternatives for labor and creative self-expression, as well as the high level of women's presence on the Etsy platform, this paper examines the particularities of women's participation on the digital platform and addresses characteristics of female labor, placing them in the context of Bulgarian female sellers. The results are based on responses from an online survey of female Etsy sellers in Bulgaria and describe the demographic profile of respondents, present their degree of financial dependence on the activity, and outline users’ estimation of the essential competencies required for successful performance on the platform. The findings of the study suggest that the platform is popular among women with certain financial comfort and that the respondents view their work on Etsy as a creative and recreational outlet rather than a dependable source of income.
Multilingualism in English textbooks in Austria, Norway and Spain
Authors: Carlsen Christian
Published: April 2024

This study analyses to what extent English textbooks from three European countries, Austria, Norway and Spain, reflect curriculum aims about multilingualism in national curricula and educational research on multilingualism more broadly. Six textbooks for lower secondary school were analysed focusing on texts and tasks that encourage students to make use of and reflect on their language repertoire. Findings from the textbook analysis show that the students’ language repertoires are in most cases ignored and only one of the six textbooks analysed contains any tasks that invite students to make use of their whole language repertoire. None of the textbooks contain texts or tasks concerning attitudes towards languages or multilingualism as a resource. The article calls for greater attention among textbook developers to curricular aims and current educational research concerning multilingualism. This is a precondition for textbooks to fulfil the desired function as agents of change promoting key pedagogical developments.
El sentido del tiempo en Qohélet 3,11
Authors: Ariel Verdini Leandro
Published: April 2024

El ser humano hoy, ahogado por el consumo y a la vez, asfixiado por sus agendas repletas de actividades y exigencias, suele evitar discernir en su interior la fragilidad de su existencia para confrontarlas con sus impulsos y deseos. Se suelen desoír las intuiciones profundas que vienen de lo más íntimo del corazón y son las que despiertan el deseo de Dios, generalmente, porque se considera no disponer de tiempo, o más bien, porque se lo ve como una pérdida. En el libro de Qohélet, entre tantos temas y asuntos de discusión que iluminan la existencia humana, se presenta para el lector contemporáneo un desafío en 3,11 ¿Qué fue lo que puso Dios en nuestro corazón? Se trata de una crux interpretum misteriosa, no es fácil dilucidar a los lectores e intérpretes en que consiste aquello dado. Al igual que hizo el sabio, nos propusimos investigar… (cf. Qo 1,13) en detalle estas palabras de 3,11, poder pensarlas con acierto y mirar ‒en nuestra era‒ hacia adentro de nosotros.
QR code: history and modernity, opportunities for teaching students and cadets at classical and departmental universities
Authors: Голубев О.Б. , Бабкин А.А. , Карабанов Р.М.
Published: April 2024

В статье раскрываются исторические аспекты появления QR- кода, а также возможности его применения в учебном процессе в классическом и ведомственном вузах. Авторы статьи исследуют дидактический потенциал QR- кода и показывают, что матричный код может являться эффективным инструментом для проектирования интерактивной образовательной среды современного вуза. Рассматриваются различные методические подходы и возможности использования QR-кодов в преподавании учебных дисциплин в классическом и ведомственном вузах.

The article reveals historical aspects of the appearance of the QR code, as well as the possibilities of its application in the educational process at classical and departmental universities. The authors of the article study didactic capacities of the QR code and show that the matrix code can be an effective tool for designing an interactive educational environment of a modern university. Various methodological approaches and the possibilities of using QR codes in teaching academic subjects at classical and departmental universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia are considered.
Some methodological aspects in training specialists for criminal enforcement inspections at educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Authors: Тарабуев Л.Н. , Красоткин П.Н.
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматриваются результаты исследования по использованию технических средств при преподавании некоторых дисциплин ведомственной направленности и их влияние на формирование профессиональных компетенций. Отмечаются преимущества методики, соответствующей потребностям практики. Обосновывается необходимость проведения учебных занятий в предлагаемом авторами формате.

The article considers results of the study on the use of technical means in teaching some departmental disciplines and their impact on the formation of professional competencies. Advantages of the methodology that meets the needs of practice are noted. The necessity of conducting training sessions in the way the authors propose is substantiated.
Value orientations of the physical culture and sports development of Russian society: socio-philosophical analysis
Authors: Осминкин В.И.
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматривается феномен спорта в нашей стране, который требует философского осмысления. В сложных исторических реалиях XX в. отечественный спорт не только смог утвердиться, но и развился до такой степени, что советские спортсмены стали известны во всем мире, а интерес к физкультурно-спортивному движению стал массовой потребностью. Такой небывалый рост внимания к спорту не мог произойти без внутреннего толчка – ценностных установок и ориентиров, одним из которых стала особенность миропонимания соотечественников – героический характер, являющийся основой модального типа личности, социума. Ценностный ориентир на героизацию спорта, сложившийся в России, является залогом успеха современной спортивной деятельности

The article considers the phenomenon of sports in our country, which causes admiration, surprise, and also requires philosophical reflection. In the difficult historical realities of the 20th century, domestic developed to such an extent that Soviet athletes became famous all over the world, and the society became interested in the physical culture and sports movement. Such an unprecedented increase in attention to sports could not happen without an internal push – values and guidelines, one of which was the specifics of compatriots’ worldview – the heroic character, which is the basis of the modal type of personality, society. The value orientation towards glorification of sports, associated with its manifestation in the history and culture of the country, which has developed in the fate of Russia, is organically suitable for the formation of modern sports activities and is crucial for its success
DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF OZONE DESTRUCTOR FOR LOW-TEMPERATUTE PLASMA STERILIZER
Authors: Lozina A.S. , Garkusha I.E. , Taran A.V. , Makhlai V.A. , Pavlichenko R.O. , Chechelnitskij O.G. , Gnidenko Yu.P. , Vorontsov P.M.
Published: April 2024

An ozone destructor for a plasma ozone sterilizer has been developed. This is an improved model of an ozone destructor, consisting of two parts, which significantly increases the contact area of activated carbon with ozone. This destructor design is suitable for ozone concentrations of 100…120 mg/l at an oxygen flow rate of 1 l/min. A study was conducted to determine the dependence of the temperature of carbon at the contact point with ozone depending on the amount of decomposed ozone at various oxygen flow rate. It was monitored that output ozone did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration in the working area proving the effectiveness of the developed ozone destructor.
Civil service reform and public service delivery in Somaliland
Authors: Abdi Hassan Hussein
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of civil service reform, the institutional framework, the challenges and contributions of civil service reform, and the impact of public service delivery in Somaliland. The study analysed the institutional structure and functions of the civil service, human resource management practices, the effectiveness of civil service reform, and recommendations for improvement of the country’s public service delivery. A descriptive survey method was employed to conduct the research, involving the use of questionnaires and in-depth interviews with key informants. The assessment of civil servants and directors used stratified random sampling, while the key informants adopted purposive sampling. The sample sizes for civil servants and key informants were 100 and 10, respectively. Primary data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, and secondary data was gathered through a thematic review of literature on civil service reform and public service delivery. Qualitative data were analysed using the thematic method, while quantitative data was analysed using descriptive frequencies with the aid of the Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study's findings indicated that the proper institutional framework and mechanisms for civil service reform are in place, but research has revealed some gaps in policies and laws, including pension policy, promotion, pay and grade legal frameworks. The main challenges of civil service reform are institutional weakness and resistance to change among employees and leaders, qualifications mismatch which need review and realignment to accelerate reform, overstaffing, absence of job descriptions, performance evaluation, and limited budgeted service delivery plans. Service delivery is not the main priority of the current civil service reform, which is its biggest weakness. The research revealed that the majority of civil servants encountered some form of discrimination in promotion, training opportunities, and benefits. The civil servants had doubts about the openness and fairness of hiring and selection process. The absence of motivation and job descriptions among most government employees makes it difficult to measure the performance of civil servants, which affects the provision of quality service delivery in the public sector. The research recommended the adoption of meritocracy, service user feedback assessment, job descriptions for all staff, linking capacity-building training on service delivery, sound regular performance evaluation for civil servants, e-government platforms, and the development and implementation of relevant policies and laws to facilitate the creation of effective systems.
A Study of Disempowerment of Women in Afsana Pichhal Pairi by Afzal Ahsan Randhawa
Authors: Javed Muhammad Asif , Ali Arshad , Mahmood Ayyaz
Published: April 2024

Women are generally deprived of their basic human rights in typical patriarchal societies. The present research explores the presentation of the miseries of deprived and distressed women in the selected text. The research is qualitative-descriptive and examines the selected text through an adapted version of Longwe’s (1991) “Women’s Empowerment Framework”. The results reveal that typical rural lower-class women are deprived of participation in decision making related to their personal lives, balanced gender roles, access to wealth and opportunities for their material betterment. The deprived women are doomed with no outway to relieve themselves from the clutches of cruel societal norms. The adapted theoretical framework can contribute to studying the literature created in typical patriarchal societies.