bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN GURU DALAM MEMBANGUN EFEKTIFITAS PEMBELAJARAN SOSIOLOGI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Purnama Rohmatulloh Dwi , Fauzi Agung
Published: May 2022

Abstrak

            Dalam kegiatan  belajar mengajar, guru memiliki peran central agar  bisa membangun kondisi belajar yang efektif. Namun ditengah kondisi pandemi covid-19 ini mengharuskan kegiatan belajar mengajar dilakukan secara daring. Hal ini menjadi dilema bagi para pendidik. Metode pembelajaran secara daring memungkinkan tetap terlaksananya proses pembelajaran ditengah kebijakan belajar dari rumah, namun disisi lain mengakibatkan cultural shock atas pergeseran kebiasaan pembelajaran langsung secara tatap muka dengan kebiasaan baru belajar secara daring. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa guru berperan mengkordinasikan ruang belajar dan melaksanakan pembelajaran secara jarak jauh (daring). Secara spesifik peran guru dalam pembelajaran yang dilakukan di SMAN 1 Cikeusal pada masa pandemi Covid-19 yaitu; (1) sebagai sumber belajar yang menyiapkan dan menyampaikan materi pelajaran (2) sebagai fasilitator yang menyediakan pelayanan belajar ditengah pandemi Covid-19 (3) sebagai pengelola yang mengatur suasana belajar yang memanfaatkan berbagai media dan sumber beajar (4) sebagai demonstrator menampilkan sesuatu yang bisa membuat siswa lebih paham terhadap materi pelajaran melalui video pembelajaran (5) sebagai pembimbing  yang mengarahkan siswa belajar berdasarkan karateristik dan gaya belajar (6) sebagai motivator berkaitan dengan cara meningkatkan semangat belajar siswa akibat kendala yang dihadapi dalam pembelajaran daring dimasa pandemi Covid-19 (7) sebagai evaluator yang menilai ketercapaian hasil dan proses belajar siswa dimasa pandemi Covid-19.

Kata kunci : Peran Guru, Pembelajaran Sosiologi, Covid-19
Perilaku Menyontek Dari Perspektif Siswa SMA
Authors: Utami Arba’a Ayu , Handayani Arri , Widiharto Chr.Argo
Published: May 2022

Penelitian hubungan antara self efficacy dengan perilaku menyontek peserta didik ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ditemukannya peserta didik yang melakukan menyontek secara sosial, perilaku menyontek yang ditunjukan dilakukan dengan cara meminta jawaban teman saat ulangan/ujian dengan cara menyalin, memberikan kode untuk meminta ataupun memberi jawaban. Selain itu menyontek juga dilakukan dengan cara mengirim jawaban lewat handphone.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Metode penelitian ex post facto dengan pendekatan korelasional. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik SMA Islam Sultan Agung 2 Kalinyamatan kelas X. yang digunakan sebagai try out yaitu kelas X IPS 2. Sedangkan kelas X IPA 1, X IPA 2, X IPA 3, X IPS 1, X IPS 1, X IPS 3 sebagai sampel penelitian. Sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik cluster random sampling. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui skala self efficacy peserta didik dan angket perilaku menyontek peserta didik.Hasil analisis korelasi antara self efficacy dengan perilaku menyontek peserta didik ialah hubungan self efficacy dengan perilaku menyontek peserta didik sebesar -0,297 yang berarti bahwa terdapat hubungan yang negatif antara self efficacy dengan perilaku menyontek, serta tingkat hubungan diantara variabel tersebut berada dalam kategori rendah. Analisis regresi linier sederhana dengan uji determinasi (R square) diketahui nilai korelasi sebesar 0,88 (8,8%). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa dengan menggunakan model regresi, dimana variabel independen (self efficacy) memiliki pengaruh terhadap variabel dependen (perilaku menyontek) sebesar 8,8%.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini saran yang dapat disampaikan adalah mengurangi perilaku menyontek peserta didik dan guru BK memberikan treatment atau tindakan. Untuk dapat meningkatkan self efficacy peserta didik.
La división intrafamiliar del trabajo en el marco de los procesos migratorios: entre ires y venires
Authors: Castro Yeim
Published: May 2022

This article analyzes some implications of migratory processes in the family world. Specifically, it investigates the division of reproductive labor into families where at least one of the parents returned to Colombia from Spain. The biographical method is used to examine the family organizational system before emigration and after the return. The results show changes, permanence, and resistance to the traditional division of labor, even though staying in Spain seems to have introduced some balance, after returning, the findings point to the provisional nature of some of these arrangements. The consolidation of female co-suppliers is evident, while men do not end up assuming their role in domestic chores. It is concluded that slowly and without contradictions, progress is being made in the transition process towards more democratic relations, where factors beyond migration combine withit to encourage the emerging processes of change.
DO 3 + 1 À PRÁTICA COMO COMPONENTE CURRICULAR: UMA NARRATIVA POSSÍVEL SOBRE O CURRÍCULO DA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA NA UFRJ
Authors: Neto Cleber Dias da Costa , Giraldo Victor
Published: May 2022

Investigamos reformas curriculares no curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da UFRJ no período entre a década de 1980 e o início da segunda década dos anos 2000, com base em documentosoficiais, relatórios e transcrições de discussões em eventos e em entrevistas com docentes que atuaram na formação de professores de Matemática na instituição durante esse período. Para isso, empregamos uma construção narrativa, em que a análise se constitui a partir do diálogo entre os dados produzidos, a literatura de pesquisa e o referencial teórico em formação de professores e em currículo, que figuram entrelaçados no texto. Com essa narrativa, construída a partir de interpretações de fatos e ações, visamos revelar aspectos das ideias, dos debates e das disputas relativos à formação de professores de matemática na UFRJ, à época da implementação dos programas curriculares.
Metagenomic Analysis Using Phylogenetic Placement—A Review of the First Decade
Authors: Czech Lucas , Stamatakis Alexandros , Dunthorn Micah , Barbera Pierre
Published: May 2022

Phylogenetic placement refers to a family of tools and methods to analyze, visualize, and interpret the tsunami of metagenomic sequencing data generated by high-throughput sequencing. Compared to alternative (e. g., similarity-based) methods, it puts metabarcoding sequences into a phylogenetic context using a set of known reference sequences and taking evolutionary history into account. Thereby, one can increase the accuracy of metagenomic surveys and eliminate the requirement for having exact or close matches with existing sequence databases. Phylogenetic placement constitutes a valuable analysis toolper se, but also entails a plethora of downstream tools to interpret its results. A common use case is to analyze species communities obtained from metagenomic sequencing, for example via taxonomic assignment, diversity quantification, sample comparison, and identification of correlations with environmental variables. In this review, we provide an overview over the methods developed during the first 10 years. In particular, the goals of this review are 1) to motivate the usage of phylogenetic placement and illustrate some of its use cases, 2) to outline the full workflow, from raw sequences to publishable figures, including best practices, 3) to introduce the most common tools and methods and their capabilities, 4) to point out common placement pitfalls and misconceptions, 5) to showcase typical placement-based analyses, and how they can help to analyze, visualize, and interpret phylogenetic placement data.
Investigation of the Potential Mechanisms Underlying Nuclear F-Actin Organization in Ovarian Cancer Cells by High-Throughput Screening in Combination With Deep Learning
Authors: Wu Wei , Xing Xiaoxia , Wang Mingyang , Feng Yinzhou , Wietek Nina , Chong Kay , El-Sahhar Salma , Ahmed Ahmed Ashour , Zang Rongyu , Zheng Yiyan
Published: May 2022

Increasing evidence supports the notion that filamentous actin (F-actin) and globular actin exist in the nuclei of somatic cells, and are involved in chromatin remodeling, gene transcription regulation and DNA damage repair. However, the underlying mechanisms of how nuclear F-actin are polymerized in cells remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify potential kinase targets that participate in nuclear F-actin polymerization in ovarian cancer cells using small-molecule inhibitor library screening in combination with a deep learning approach. The analysis of the targets of the inhibitors used in this study suggest that the PI3K-AKT pathway are involved in regulating nuclear F-actin organization in ovarian cancer cells. Our work lays the foundation for uncovering the important roles of nuclear F-actin in the context of ovarian cancer, and for understanding how nuclear F-actin structures are organized.
The Roles of RANK/RANKL/OPG in Cardiac, Skeletal, and Smooth Muscles in Health and Disease
Authors: Marcadet Laetitia , Bouredji Zineb , Argaw Anteneh , Frenette Jérôme
Published: May 2022

Although their physiology and functions are very different, bones, skeletal and smooth muscles, as well as the heart have the same embryonic origin. Skeletal muscles and bones interact with each other to enable breathing, kinesis, and the maintenance of posture. Often, muscle and bone tissues degenerate synchronously under various conditions such as cancers, space travel, aging, prolonged bed rest, and neuromuscular diseases. In addition, bone tissue, skeletal and smooth muscles, and the heart share common signaling pathways. The RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway, which is essential for bone homeostasis, is also implicated in various physiological processes such as sarcopenia, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have reported bone-skeletal muscle crosstalk through the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway. This review will summarize the current evidence indicating that the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway is involved in muscle function. First, we will briefly discuss the role this pathway plays in bone homeostasis. Then, we will present results from various sources indicating that it plays a physiopathological role in skeletal, smooth muscle, and cardiac functions. Understanding how the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway interferes in several physiological disorders may lead to new therapeutic approaches aimed at protecting bones and other tissues with a single treatment.
An Open-Ended Blended Approach to Teaching Interaction Designers to Code
Authors: Grace Kazjon , Klaassens Brittany , Bray Liam , Elton-Pym Alex
Published: May 2022

This article reports on a three and a half year design-led project investigating the use of open-ended learning to teach programming to students of interaction design. Our hypothesis is that a more open-ended approach to teaching programming, characterized by both creativity and self-reflection, would improve learning outcomes among our cohort of aspiring HCI practitioners. The objective of our design-led action research was to determine how to effectively embed open-endedness, student-led teaching, and self-reflection into an online programming class. Each of these notions has been studied separately before, but there is a dearth of published work into their actual design and implementation in practice. In service of that objective we present our contribution in two parts: a qualitatively-derived understanding of student attitudes toward open-ended blended learning, as well as a matching set of design principles for future open-ended HCI education. The project was motivated by a search for better educational outcomes, both in terms of student coding self-efficacy and quantitative metrics of cohort performance (e.g., failure rates). The first year programming course within our interaction design-focussed Bachelors program has had the highest failure rate of any core unit for over a decade. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic confounded any year-to-year quantitative comparison of the learning efficacy of our successive prototypes. There is simply no way to fairly compare the experiences of pre-pandemic and pandemic-affected student cohorts. However, the experience of teaching this material in face-to-face, fully online, and hybrid modalities throughout the pandemic has aided our qualitative exploration of why open-ended learning helps some students but seems to harm others. Through three sets of student interviews, platform data, and insights gained from both the instructional and platform design process, we show that open-ended learning can empower students, but can also exacerbate fears and anxieties around inadequacy and failure. Through seven semesters of iterating on our designs, interviewing students and reflecting on our interventions, we've developed a set of classroom-validated design principles for teaching programming to HCI students without strong computational backgrounds.
Depression Status, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Factors With Subsequent Risk for Major Cardiovascular Events: The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study
Authors: Chen Xi , Liu Zhelong , Yang Yan , Chen Gang , Wan Qin , Qin Guijun , Yan Li , Wang Guixia , Qin Yingfen , Luo Zuojie , Tang Xulei , Huo Yanan , Hu Ruying , Ye Zhen , Shi Lixin , Gao Zhengnan , Su Qing , Mu Yiming , Zhao Jiajun , Chen Lulu , Zeng Tianshu , Li Qiang , Shen Feixia , Chen Li , Zhang Yinfei , Wang Youmin , Deng Huacong , Liu Chao , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Lu Jieli , Bi Yufang , Yu Xuefeng , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang
Published: May 2022

Background

We aimed to evaluate the association between depression and major cardiovascular events and test whether the relationship between depression and cardiovascular events is influenced by lifestyle or metabolic risk factors.

Methods

The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study was a nationwide, multicenter, prospective cohort study. About 92,869 participants without cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline were included. Depression status was evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Lifestyle information was collected by the questionnaire, and metabolic risk factors including waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and plasma glucose were measured. Major cardiovascular events including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hospitalized or treated heart failure events were validated based on medical records.

Results

During an average of 3.8 years of follow-up, we detected 2,076 cardiovascular events and showed that participants with depressive symptoms had an increased risk for cardiovascular events after adjustments [hazard ratio (HR): 1.29; 95% confidence index (CI): 1.08–1.53]. Stratified on metabolic risk status, the relationship between depression and cardiovascular events tended to be stronger according to the increasing numbers of metabolic risk factors, with HR (95% CI) of 0.98 (0.72–1.35) in the category with 0–2 metabolic risk factors, 1.36 (0.996–1.87) and 1.47 (1.13–1.92) for those with 3, and 4–5 metabolic risk factors, respectively, indicating an interaction effect (P = 0.039).

Conclusion

Depression was independently associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events. The effect was particularly prominent among populations at higher metabolic risk.
Pooled-Analysis of Association of Sievers Bicuspid Aortic Valve Morphology With New Permanent Pacemaker and Conduction Abnormalities After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Li Xiaoxing , Xu Feng , Chen Yuguo , Li Chuanbao
Published: May 2022

Background

Studies on the association of Sievers bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) morphology with conduction disorders after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have not reached consensus.

Methods

We here performed a pooled-analysis to explore whether Sievers type 1 BAV morphology increased the risk of post-TAVR conduction abnormalities and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) compared to type 0. Systematic literature searches through EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane databases were concluded on 1 December 2021. The primary endpoint was post-TAVR new PPI and pooled as risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Conduction abnormalities as the secondary endpoint were the composites of post-TAVR PPI and/or new-onset high-degree of atrial-ventricle node block and left-bundle branch block. Studies that reported incidence of outcomes of interest in both type 1 and type 0 BAV morphology who underwent TAVR for aortic stenosis were included.

Results

Finally, nine studies were included. Baseline characteristics were generally comparable, but type 1 population was older with a higher surgical risk score compared to type 0 BAV morphology. In the pooled-analysis type 1 BAV had significantly higher risk of post-TAVR new-onset conduction abnormalities (RR = 1.68, 95%CI 1.09–2.60, p = 0.0195) and new PPI (RR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.29–2.99, p = 0.0016) compared to type 0. Random-effects univariate meta-regression indicated that no significant association between baseline characteristics and PPI.

Conclusion

Sievers type 1 BAV morphology was associated with increased risk of post-TAVR PPI and conduction abnormalities compared to type 0. Dedicated cohort is warranted to further validate our hypothesis.
Age-Heterogeneity in Marine Sediments Revealed by Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Radiocarbon Measurements
Authors: Zuhr Alexandra M. , Dolman Andrew M. , Ho Sze Ling , Groeneveld Jeroen , Löwemark Ludvig , Grotheer Hendrik , Su Chih-Chieh , Laepple Thomas
Published: May 2022

Marine sedimentary archives are routinely used to reconstruct past environmental changes. In many cases, bioturbation and sedimentary mixing affect the proxy time-series and the age-depth relationship. While idealized models of bioturbation exist, they usually assume homogeneous mixing, thus that a single sample is representative for the sediment layer it is sampled from. However, it is largely unknown to which extent this assumption holds for sediments used for paleoclimate reconstructions. To shed light on 1) the age-depth relationship and its full uncertainty, 2) the magnitude of mixing processes affecting the downcore proxy variations, and 3) the representativity of the discrete sample for the sediment layer, we designed and performed a case study on South China Sea sediment material which was collected using a box corer and which covers the last glacial cycle. Using the radiocarbon content of foraminiferal tests as a tracer of time, we characterize the spatial age-heterogeneity of sediments in a three-dimensional setup. In total, 118 radiocarbon measurements were performed on defined small- and large-volume bulk samples ( ∼ 200 specimens each) to investigate the horizontal heterogeneity of the sediment. Additionally, replicated measurements on small numbers of specimens (10 × 5 specimens) were performed to assess the heterogeneity within a sample volume. Visual assessment of X-ray images and a quantitative assessment of the mixing strength show typical mixing from bioturbation corresponding to around 10 cm mixing depth. Notably, our 3D radiocarbon distribution reveals that the horizontal heterogeneity (up to 1,250 years), contributing to the age uncertainty, is several times larger than the typically assumed radiocarbon based age-model error (single errors up to 250 years). Furthermore, the assumption of a perfectly bioturbated layer with no mixing underneath is not met. Our analysis further demonstrates that the age-heterogeneity might be a function of sample size; smaller samples might contain single features from the incomplete mixing and are thus less representative than larger samples. We provide suggestions for future studies, optimal sampling strategies for quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions and realistic uncertainty in age models, as well as discuss possible implications for the interpretation of paleoclimate records.
Proceedings of the Brazilian Academy of Dentistry Sponsored Symposium on New Perspectives on Dental Education—9/24/2021
Authors:   Brazilian Academy of Dentistry
Published: May 2022

To create a forum to facilitate further discussion, the Brazilian Academy of Dentistry organized an international symposium to discuss the experience of having to deal with dental education during the implementation of public health measures to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in schools in Brazil, India, Portugal, Sweden, and the United States. An additional goal of the symposium was to discuss the need of continued faculty development. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to summarize these discussions.
Regulatory Role and Potential Importance of GDF-8 in Ovarian Reproductive Activity
Authors: Zheng Xiaoling , Zheng Yongquan , Qin Dongxu , Yao Yao , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Yunchun , Zheng Caihong
Published: May 2022

Growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Studies in vitro and in vivo have shown GDF-8 to be involved in the physiology and pathology of ovarian reproductive functions. In vitro experiments using a granulosa-cell model have demonstrated steroidogenesis, gonadotrophin responsiveness, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation as well as expression of lysyl oxidase and pentraxin 3 to be regulated by GDF-8 via the mothers against decapentaplegic homolog signaling pathway. Clinical data have shown that GDF-8 is expressed widely in the human ovary and has high expression in serum of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. GDF-8 expression in serum changes dynamically in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. GDF-8 expression in serum and follicular fluid is correlated with the ovarian response and pregnancy outcome during in vitro fertilization. Blocking the GDF-8 signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and ovulation disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome. GDF-8 has a regulatory role and potential importance in ovarian reproductive activity and may be involved in folliculogenesis, ovulation, and early embryo implantation.
Progress of Adipokines in the Female Reproductive System: A Focus on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Chen Peipei , Jia Rui , Liu Yuanyuan , Cao Mingya , Zhou Liang , Zhao Zhiming
Published: May 2022

Adipose tissue, one type of loose connective tissue in the human body, maintains the primary task of energy storage. Adipose tissue is not only an energy reservoir but also plays a vital role as the largest endocrine organ of the whole body via releasing a variety of adipokines, which participate in many pathophysiological processes, such as energy metabolism regulation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder that mainly involves the female reproductive system, affecting women of childbearing age particularly. Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenemia (HA) have been implicated as a critical link involving the etiology and outcome of PCOS. A great deal of studies has bridged the gap between adipokines (such as Adiponectin, Chemerin, Metrnl, Apelin, Resistin, Visfatin, Leptin, Vaspin, Lipocalin 2, and Omentin) and reproductive fitness. In this review, we will focus on the adipokines’ functions on PCOS and come up with some points of view on the basis of current research.
The Iodine Rush: Over- or Under-Iodination Risk in the Prophylactic Use of Iodine for Thyroid Blocking in the Event of a Nuclear Disaster
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Mameli Chiara , Rossi Virginia , Massini Giulia , Gambino Mirko , Baldassarre Paola , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo
Published: May 2022

Iodine is an essential element for the production of thyroid hormones (THs). Both deficient and excess iodine intakes may precipitate in adverse thyroidal events. Radioactive iodine (RI) is a common byproduct of nuclear fission processes. During nuclear emergencies RI may be released in a plume, or cloud, contaminating the environment. If inhaled or ingested, it may lead to internal radiation exposure and the uptake of RI mainly by the thyroid gland that absorbs stable iodine (SI) and RI in the same way. A dose of radiation delivered to the thyroid gland is a main risk factor for the thyroid cancer development. The SI prophylaxis helps prevent childhood thyroid cancer. The thyroid gland saturation with prophylactic SI ingestion, reduces the internal exposure of the thyroid by blocking the uptake of RI and inhibiting iodide organification. However, negative impact of inadequate SI intake must be considered. We provide an overview on the recommended iodine intake and the impact of SI and RI on thyroid in children and adolescents, discussing the benefits and adverse effects of the prophylactic SI for thyroid blocking during a nuclear accident. The use of SI for protection against RI may be recommended in cases of radiological or nuclear emergencies, moreover the administration of iodine for prophylactic purposes should be cautious. Benefits and risks should also be considered according to age. Adverse effects from iodine administration cannot be excluded. Precise indications are mandatory to use the iodine for thyroid blocking. Due to this natural adaption mechanism it’s possible to tolerate large doses of iodine without clinical effects, however, a prolonged assumption of the iodine when not needed can be dangerous and may precipitate in severe thyroidal and non-thyroidal negative effects.
Multi-Stage Expansion Planning of Distribution Network Considering Distributed Power Generation
Authors: Wang Qingjie , Jing Ma
Published: May 2022

With the gradual increase in the penetration rate of distributed power sources, in view of the planning problem of coordinating the location and capacity of distributed power sources with the grid frame and transformers of the distribution network, a distribution network that takes into account distributed power sources is proposed. Aiming at the lowest cost of investment, maintenance, energy production, energy loss, and load loss penalty, and considering the power flow constraints, planning and operation constraints of each planning stage, a multi-stage expansion planning model for the distribution network is established. The mixed-integer linear programming algorithm is used to solve the problem, and the optimal planning scheme at each stage is obtained. The simulation results show that the multi-stage expansion planning method for coordinating distributed power and distribution network proposed in this paper can prevent the problems of isolated nodes and transmission nodes, improve the reliability of the planning scheme, and have good economic benefits.
Optimal Power Flow of Renewable-Integrated Power Systems Using a Gaussian Bare-Bones Levy-Flight Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Alghamdi Ali S.
Published: May 2022

This article proposes a Gaussian bare-bones Levy-flight firefly algorithm (GBLFA) and its modified version named MGBLFA for optimizing the various kinds of the different optimal power flow (OPF) problems in the presence of conventional thermal power generators and intermittent renewable energy resources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power (WE). Several objective functions, including fuel costs, emission, power loss, and voltage deviation, are considered in the OPF problem subject to economic, technical, and safety constraints. Also, the uncertainties of solar irradiance and wind speed are modeled using Weibull, lognormal probability distribution functions, and their influences are considered in the OPF problem. Proper cost functions associated with the power generation of PV and WE units are modeled. A comprehensive analysis of ten cases with various objectives on the IEEE 30-bus test system demonstrates the potential effects of renewable energies on the optimal scheduling of thermal power plants in a cost-emission-effective manner. Numerical results show the superiority of the proposed method over other state-of-the-art algorithms in finding optimal solutions for the OPF problems.
The Green Bonus: Carbon Reduction Effect of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Trading Pilot Scheme
Authors: Zhao Yang , Su Shuling , Xing Yafei , Yu Lu , Cui Shihao , Jiang Decai , Xiao Zumian
Published: May 2022

Market-oriented environmental policy has made an indelible contribution to promoting sustainable development in China. We consider the introduction of the Sulfur dioxide Emissions Trading Pilot Scheme (SETPS) as a quasi-natural experiment and adopt PSM-DID method to study the reduction effect of SETPS on corporate carbon emissions. We find that SETPS can effectively promote the carbon emission reduction of enterprises, which highlights the dual significance of market-based environmental regulation policies in the field of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction. Considering the heterogeneity of enterprises, SETPS imposes a more significant effect on carbon emission reduction of enterprises with high energy consumption and high pollution. The mediation effect analysis indicates that the indirect reduction effects of SETPS on the carbon emission through the marketization process and the development of non-state-owned economy. In addition, results from the test of moderation effect suggest that both financing constraint and ownership are the moderation factors for SETPS to affect enterprise carbon emission reduction. The empirical results suggest that there exists such a green bonus: reduction effect of introducing the SETPS on firm level carbon emission and other pollutant discharges. It should be paid more attention by the authorities.
Termite Valkyries: Soldier-Like Alate Termites From the Cretaceous and Task Specialization in the Early Evolution of Isoptera
Authors: Jouault Corentin , Engel Michael S. , Huang Diying , Berger Juliette , Grandcolas Philippe , Perkovsky Evgeny E. , Legendre Frédéric , Nel André
Published: May 2022

In several insect eusocial lineages, e.g., some aphids, thrips, ants, some stingless bees, and termites, task specialization is brought to its climax with a sterile soldier caste solely devoted to colony defense. In Isoptera, while the reproductives are defenseless, the soldiers have unique morpho-physiological specializations whose origin and evolution remain unresolved. Here we report on two instances of Cretaceous fossil termite reproductives belonging to different families († Valkyritermes inopinatus gen. et sp. nov. and an unpublished specimen from the Crato Formation), with intriguing phragmotic soldier-like heads and functional wings. These individuals, herein called Valkyries, are the first termite reproductives known with defensive features and suggest that phragmosis arose at least in the Early Cretaceous. Valkyries resemble modern neotenic soldiers except for their complete wings. Their discovery supports the hypothesis that the division between reproductive (indicated by the winged condition of Valkyries) and defensive tasks (indicated by the phragmotic head) has not always been complete in termite history. We explore two alternative scenarios regarding the origin of Valkyries (i.e., relatively recent and convergent origins vs. plesiomorphic condition) and discuss how they might relate to the development of soldiers. We argue that, in both cases, Valkyries likely evolved to face external threats, a selective pressure that could also have favored the origin of soldiers from helpers. Valkyries highlight the developmental flexibility of termites and illustrate the tortuous paths that evolution may follow.
Genetic Diversity, Habitat Relevance and Conservation Strategies of the Silver Carp in the Yangtze River by Simple Sequence Repeat
Authors: Luo Yu-Ting , Fang Di-An , Zhou Yan-Feng , Xu Dong-Po , Peng Yun-Xin , Zhang Min-Ying , Mao Cheng-Cheng , Tang Xue-Mei , Xu Jun , You Yang
Published: May 2022

The spatial distribution of fish individuals is affected by habitat conditions and species ecological characteristics, and it also reflects the longtime adaptation to habitat at the phenotypic and genotypic level. As a typical river-lake migratory fish species, the silver carp habitat selection was determined by its migration preference and genetic features. In this study, 15 microsatellite fluorescent markers combined with capillary electrophoresis were used to analyze the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and structure of nature silver carp populations in the Sanzhou (SZ), Hukou (HK), Anqing (AQ), Zhenjiang (ZJ), and Rugao (RG) sections of the Yangtze River. The results showed that 15 microsatellite loci exhibited medium to high polymorphisms. The overall genetic diversity in the Yangtze River was high, with the average value of Shannon’s information index ranging from 1.559 to 1.668. The numbers of alleles (Ne) ranged from 1.630 to 10.100. The expected heterozygosity (He, 0.690–0.721) was higher than observed heterozygosity (Ho, 0.598–0.646), and the genetic variation mainly originated from within the population (94.69%). However, the entire population was in the state of heterozygous deletion, and HK, RG populations encountered the risk of inbreeding risk (F> 1). Interestingly, there was a distinct genetic structure for the population in the HK section, which indicated that local population has occurred to the silver carp in this river section, and they may also possess aggregation characteristics specific to the river-lake-connected (RLC) habitat. The results mostly support the conclusion that the RLC habitat is essential for geographic population formation. The potential impact of special habitats on natural populations should be considered, and continuous surveys on population dynamics should be performed.
An m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-Related Long Non-coding RNA Signature to Predict Prognosis and Immune Features of Glioma
Authors: Shao Dongqi , Li Yu , Wu Junyong , Zhang Binbin , Xie Shan , Zheng Xialin , Jiang Zhiquan
Published: May 2022

Background: Gliomas are the most common and fatal malignant type of tumor of the central nervous system. RNA post-transcriptional modifications, as a frontier and hotspot in the field of epigenetics, have attracted increased attention in recent years. Among such modifications, methylation is most abundant, and encompasses N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N1 methyladenosine (m1A), and 7-methylguanosine (m7G) methylation.

Methods: RNA-sequencing data from healthy tissue and low-grade glioma samples were downloaded from of The Cancer Genome Atlas database along with clinical information and mutation data from glioblastoma tumor samples. Forty-nine m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-related genes were identified and an m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-lncRNA signature of co-expressed long non-coding RNAs selected. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis was used to identify 12 m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-related lncRNAs associated with the prognostic characteristics of glioma and their correlation with immune function and drug sensitivity analyzed. Furthermore, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas dataset was used for model validation.

Results: A total of 12 m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-related genes (AL080276.2, AC092111.1, SOX21-AS1, DNAJC9-AS1, AC025171.1, AL356019.2, AC017104.1, AC099850.3, UNC5B-AS1, AC006064.2, AC010319.4, and AC016822.1) were used to construct a survival and prognosis model, which had good independent prediction ability for patients with glioma. Patients were divided into low and high m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-LS groups, the latter of which had poor prognosis. In addition, the m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-LS enabled improved interpretation of the results of enrichment analysis, as well as informing immunotherapy response and drug sensitivity of patients with glioma in different subgroups.

Conclusion: In this study we constructed an m6A/m5C/m1A/m7G-LS and established a nomogram model, which can accurately predict the prognosis of patients with glioma and provides direction toward promising immunotherapy strategies for the future.
IL-38 Gene Deletion Worsens Murine Colitis
Authors: de Graaf Dennis M. , Wang Ruth X. , Amo-Aparicio Jesús , Lee J. Scott , Dowdell Alexander S. , Tengesdal Isak W. , Marchetti Carlo , Colgan Sean P. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Dinarello Charles A.
Published: May 2022

IL-38 is a recently discovered cytokine and member of the IL-1 Family. In the IL-1 Family, IL-38 is unique because the cytokine is primarily a B lymphocyte product and functions to suppress inflammation. Studies in humans with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suggest that IL-38 may be protective for ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, and that IL-38 acts to maintain homeostasis in the intestinal tract. Here we investigated the role of endogenous IL-38 in experimental colitis in mice deficient in IL-38 by deletion of exons 1-4 in C57 BL/6 mice. Compared to WT mice, IL-38 deficient mice subjected to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) showed greater severity of disease, more weight loss, increased intestinal permeability, and a worse histological phenotype including increased neutrophil influx in the colon. Mice lacking IL-38 exhibited elevated colonic Nlrp3 mRNA and protein levels, increased caspase-1 activation, and the concomitant increased processing of IL-1β precursor into active IL-1β. Expression of IL-1α, an exacerbator of IBD, was also upregulated. Colonic myleloperoxidase protein and Il17a, and Il17f mRNA levels were higher in the IL-38 deficient mice. Daily treatment of IL-38 deficient mice with an NLRP3 inhibitor attenuated diarrhea and weight loss during the recovery phase. These data implicate endogenous IL-38 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine that reduces DSS colitis severity. We propose that a relative deficiency of IL-38 contributes to IBD by disinhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
HA/CD44 Regulates the T Helper 1 Cells Differentiation by Activating Annexin A1/Akt/mTOR Signaling to Drive the Pathogenesis of EAP
Authors: Chen Jing , Meng Jialin , Li Xiaoling , Li Xiao , Liu Yi , Jin Chen , Zhang Li , Hao Zongyao , Chen Xianguo , Zhang Meng , Liang Chaozhao
Published: May 2022

CD44 partcipates in multiple inflammatory reactions. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of CD44 and the ligand, hyaluronan (HA), on chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) pathogenesis. We found that CD44 was universally expressed in CD4+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of CP/CPPS patients. After silencing CD44 expression or delivering 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), the pain severity and prostatic inflammation were significantly relieved. In vitro assay found that HA/CD44 was able to regulate T helper 1 (Th1) cells differentiation, the deficiency of which diminished experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) susceptibility. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that after HA or 4-MU treatment, mTOR signaling was significantly altered, and these results were confirmed by subsequent Western blotting assay. Besides, mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation assays found that CD44 was able to interact with Annexin A1 (ANX A1), and this kind of interaction stabilized ANX A1 protein and maintained the activation of Akt/mTOR pathway. Meanwhile, HA-treatment-enhanced prostatic inflammation, Th1 cell differentiation, and Akt/mTOR pathway activation were reversed after silencing the expression of ANX A1 using shANX A1-lentivirus. The present study systematically investigates the functional role of HA/CD44 in CP/CPPS and identifies novel mechanisms for HA/CD44 promoting Th1 cell differentiation. Targeting the HA/CD44/ANX A1/Akt/mTOR signaling represents novel potential therapeutic strategies for patients with CP/CPPS.
Match/Mismatch Between Phytoplankton and Crustacean Zooplankton Phenology in the Strait of Georgia, Canada
Authors: Suchy Karyn D. , Young Kelly , Galbraith Moira , Perry R. Ian , Costa Maycira
Published: May 2022

The Strait of Georgia, Canada, is an important region for numerous commercially and culturally important species (e.g., herring, salmon, and orcas), yet little is known about the links between lower trophic level (e.g. phytoplankton and zooplankton) phenology due to historical sampling gaps. Here, we present fourteen years (2003-2016) of data linking interannual variability in phytoplankton and zooplankton phenology in the Central Strait of Georgia, BC. Satellite-derived chlorophyll a (Chl a) data were used to calculate spring bloom dynamics (bloom initiation, bloom intensity, and bloom magnitude). Average spring bloom initiation occurred during the last week of March in the Central Strait of Georgia. Bloom initiation occurred in mid-to-late February/early March during “early” Chl a bloom years (2004, 2005, and 2015) whereas initiation did not occur until the end of April during “late” bloom years (2007, 2008). Spring Chl a bloom initiation was significantly correlated with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO; r = 0.75, p < 0.01) and spring sea surface temperature (SST; r = -0.70, p < 0.01); spring blooms occurred earlier during warm years. When all environmental variables were considered together, NPGO best explained variations in spring bloom initiation (Adj R2 = 0.53, p < 0.01) and bloom magnitude (Adj R2 = 0.57, p < 0.01), whereas stratification best explained variations in bloom intensity (Adj R2 = 0.38, p < 0.05). Early Chl a blooms were associated with high crustacean abundance (maximum of > 1000 ind m-3) but low biomass (37.5 mg m-3). Independent of the Chl a data, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed similar groupings of years for crustacean abundance data. Most notably, community composition in cluster Group 2 (2004, 2005, and 2015; early Chl a bloom years), was comprised of a higher proportion of small crustaceans (e.g. non-calanoid copepods) compared to the other cluster groups. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence linking early spring Chl a bloom timing to a shift in the crustacean community towards smaller taxa in response to multiple warm events in the Strait of Georgia. Our results show that early Chl a blooms may potentially result in a mismatch between phytoplankton and large energy-rich crustacean zooplankton, with lower abundances of the latter. In contrast, average Chl a bloom years were optimal for large-bodied euphausiids, whereas late Chl a blooms were a match for some crustaceans (e.g., medium calanoid copepods), but not others (e.g., large calanoid copepods and amphipods). We hypothesize that early bloom years may result in poorer feeding conditions for juvenile salmon and other predators in the region.
Variations and Environmental Controls of Primary Productivity in the Amundsen Sea
Authors: Feng Jianlong , Li Delei , Zhang Jing , Zhao Liang
Published: May 2022

The Amundsen Sea is one of the regions with the highest primary productivity in the Antarctic. To better understand the role of the Southern Ocean in the global carbon cycle and in climate regulation, a better understanding of the variations and environmental controls of primary productivity is needed. Using cluster analysis, the Amundsen Sea was divided into nine bioregions. The biophysical differences among bioregions enhanced confidence to identify priorities and regions to study the temporal and spatial variations in primary production. Four nearshore bioregions with high net primary productivity or rapidly increasing rates were selected to analyze temporal and spatial variations in primary productivity in the Amundsen Sea. Due to changes in net solar radiation and sea ice, primary production had significant seasonal variation in these four bioregions. The phenology had changed at two bioregions (6 and 7), which has the third and fourth highest primary production, due to changes in the dissolved iron. Annual primary production showed increasing trends in these four bioregions, and it was significant at three bioregions. The variation in primary production in the bioregion (9), which has the highest primary production, was mainly affected by variations in sea surface temperatures. In the bioregion (8), which has the second-highest primary production, the primary production was significantly positively correlated with sea surface temperature and significantly negatively correlated with sea ice thickness. The long-term changes of primary productivity in bioregions 6 and 7 were thought to be related to changes in the dissolved iron, and dissolved iron was the limiting factor in these two bioregions. Bioregionalization not only disentangles multiple factors that control the spatial differences, but also disentangles limiting factors that affect the phenology, decadal and long-term changes in primary productivity.
The Brainstem-Vermis and Brainstem-Tentorium Angles in the Fetus: A Study of Their Reproducibility by Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Their Evolution Along the Gestation
Authors: Prieto Laura Joigneau , Ruiz Yolanda , Pérez Laura , Bravo Coral , Aguado Alejandra , Alvarez-Mon Melchor , Ortega Miguel A. , Marín Carlos , De León-Luis Juan
Published: May 2022

Aim

To assess the reproducibility of brainstem-vermis (BV) and brainstem-tentorium (BT) angles measured by fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) during second half of pregnancy in normal and abnormal fetuses. Secondly, to assess reproducibility of two alternative methodologies to measure the brainstem-tentorium angle (BT1 and BT2) proposed by our group that could be more reliable in fetuses with posterior fossa fluid collection (PFFC) anomalies. Finally, to describe the evolution of BV and BT angles along gestation in normal fetuses.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of BV and BT angles obtained by MRI performed at our center, in 22 fetuses with PFFC and 8 fetuses without PFFC to calculate both angles’ reproducibility and the correlation between them and the gestational age.

Results

We found good interobserver reproducibility for the BV, BT1 and BT2 angles (Intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.98; 0.89 and 0.88 for each of these angles, with p < 0.001). In patients with PFFC the BT angle could not always be measured. BT angle presented a positive relationship with gestational age (p = 0.002) but BV angle stayed stable. The measurements of BV, BT1, and BT2 angles can be reliably performed by MRI with good interobserver reproducibility.

Conclusion

BV angle stays stable during pregnancy, whereas BT angle tends to augment with gestational age.