bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuban-American Spanish revisited: sociolinguistic and pragmatic peculiarities
Authors: Fajardo José Antonio Sánchez
Published: September 2017

This article describes the sociolinguistic traits of Cuban-American Spanish, especially in south Florida. By revising already-built corpora and dictionaries, the study aims at examining the correlation between linguistic borrowing, and sociocultural and pragmatic elements in an attempt to shed more light on the concepts of Spanglish and code-switching. This revision is complemented by a historical account of Cuban-American migration, a normative study of this dialectal Spanish variant, and the collection of indigenous multiword phrases. Some of the earlier findings indicate that Cuban-American Spanish reflects the variability of this form of Spanglish as its usage and conventions are highly reliant on the pragmatic features of Cuban-American Spanish speakers. Culturally speaking, Miami-based Spanish reveals the existence of a differentiating sentiment, which contrasts with the inevitably assimilated American codes, i.e. a strong sense of bicultural identity.
Le nom de lieu Ternuay (Haute-Saône) : un dérivé ancien du type lexical ternūca ‘chiendent’ dans l’est de la Gaule romane
Authors: Chambon Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2017

The present contribution aims to give its etymology to a French toponym previously regarded as of unknown origin :
Development of Virtual Visual Sensor Applications for Wood Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Walker K. , Miller T. H. , Gupta R. , Shariati A. , Schumacher T.
Published: September 2017

Inspection techniques for wood structures are typically based on visual observations of degradation, and often limited to localized observable surface damage on the structure, rather than holistic non-destructive evaluations. Hidden deterioration and overall impacts of distributed damage may not be included in the assessment. This research evaluates the implementation of Eulerian-based virtual visual sensors (VVS), applying commercially available digital video cameras, to characterize dynamic structural response of wood structures. Natural vibration frequencies are determined by monitoring the intensity value of a single fixed pixel coordinate over a few seconds of a video of structural vibration and then applying a fast Fourier transform to estimate signal frequencies. Changes in stiffness and mass of materials and structural systems that may relate to deterioration are reflected in the natural frequencies. The end goal is development and application of VVS to wood structures to obtain information relevant to objective structural health monitoring (SHM). In this development phase, the effects of moisture content and simulated damage on natural frequencies are observed on simply supported beams of dimensional lumber. Initial applications are also made to an in-place U.S. Forest Service pedestrian bridge. Results show comparable accuracy in determining vibrational frequencies with VVS and a commercially available transverse vibration measurement system, successful observation of vibrational frequencies in a timber bridge, and beneficial use of naturally occurring color gradients in wood structures in laboratory and field tests. Moisture content and simulated damage have measurable effects on natural frequencies. Eulerian-based VVS show potential as a tool for cost-effective SHM of wood structures, especially for quick, global screening of structures, with subsequent visual inspection and other means of evaluation.
MEG Insight into the Spectral Dynamics Underlying Steady Isometric Muscle Contraction
Authors: Bourguignon Mathieu , Piitulainen Harri , Smeds Eero , Zhou Guangyu , Jousmäki Veikko , Hari Riitta
Published: September 2017

To gain fundamental knowledge on how the brain controls motor actions, we studied in detail the interplay between MEG signals from the primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex and the contraction force of 17 healthy adult humans (7 females, 10 males). SM1 activity was coherent at ∼20 Hz with surface electromyogram (as already extensively reported) but also with contraction force. In both cases, the effective coupling was dominant in the efferent direction. Across subjects, the level of ∼20 Hz coherence between cortex and periphery positively correlated with the “burstiness” of ∼20 Hz SM1 (Pearsonr≈ 0.65) and peripheral fluctuations (r≈ 0.9). Thus, ∼20 Hz coherence between cortex and periphery is tightly linked to the presence of ∼20 Hz bursts in SM1 and peripheral activity. However, the very high correlation with peripheral fluctuations suggests that the periphery is the limiting factor. At frequencies <3 Hz, both SM1 signals and ∼20 Hz SM1 envelope were coherent with both force and its absolute change rate. The effective coupling dominated in the efferent direction between (1) force and the ∼20 Hz SM1 envelope and (2) the absolute change rate of the force and SM1 signals. Together, our data favor the view that ∼20 Hz coherence between cortex and periphery during isometric contraction builds on the presence of ∼20 Hz SM1 oscillations and needs not rely on feedback from the periphery. They also suggest that effective cortical proprioceptive processing operates at <3 Hz frequencies, even during steady isometric contractions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAccurate motor actions are made possible by continuous communication between the cortex and spinal motoneurons, but the neurophysiological basis of this communication is poorly understood. Using MEG recordings in humans maintaining steady isometric muscle contractions, we found evidence that the cortex sends population-level motor commands that tend to structure according to the ∼20 Hz sensorimotor rhythm, and that it dynamically adapts these commands based on the <3 Hz fluctuations of proprioceptive feedback. To our knowledge, this is the first report to give a comprehensive account of how the human brain dynamically handles the flow of proprioceptive information and converts it into appropriate motor command to keep the contraction force steady.
Identification of Two Classes of Somatosensory Neurons That Display Resistance to Retrograde Infection by Rabies Virus
Authors: Albisetti Gioele W. , Ghanem Alexander , Foster Edmund , Conzelmann Karl-Klaus , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Wildner Hendrik
Published: September 2017

Glycoprotein-deleted rabies virus-mediated monosynaptic tracing has become a standard method for neuronal circuit mapping, and is applied to virtually all parts of the rodent nervous system, including the spinal cord and primary sensory neurons. Here we identified two classes of unmyelinated sensory neurons (nonpeptidergic and C-fiber low-threshold mechanoreceptor neurons) resistant to direct and trans-synaptic infection from the spinal cord with rabies viruses that carry glycoproteins in their envelopes and that are routinely used for infection of CNS neurons (SAD-G and N2C-G). However, the same neurons were susceptible to infection with EnvA-pseudotyped rabies virus in tumor virus A receptor transgenic mice, indicating that resistance to retrograde infection was due to impaired virus adsorption rather than to deficits in subsequent steps of infection. These results demonstrate an important limitation of rabies virus-based retrograde tracing of sensory neurons in adult mice, and may help to better understand the molecular machinery required for rabies virus spread in the nervous system. In this study, mice of both sexes were used.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo understand the neuronal bases of behavior, it is important to identify the underlying neural circuitry. Rabies virus-based monosynaptic tracing has been used to identify neuronal circuits in various parts of the nervous system. This has included connections between peripheral sensory neurons and their spinal targets. These connections form the first synapse in the somatosensory pathway. Here we demonstrate that two classes of unmyelinated sensory neurons, which account for >40% of dorsal root ganglia neurons, display resistance to rabies infection. Our results are therefore critical for interpreting monosynaptic rabies-based tracing in the sensory system. In addition, identification of rabies-resistant neurons might provide a means for future studies addressing rabies pathobiology.
Institutionalizing Coastal Restoration in Louisiana After Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: The Importance of Advocacy Coalitions and Claims-Making in Post-disaster Policy Innovation
Authors: Haedicke Michael A.
Published: September 2017

Why do disasters sometimes lead to the creation of innovative, new policy frameworks? People often assume that this happens because disasters cause people to understand environmental problems in new ways. However, this case study of changes in Louisiana’s coastal land management policy after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 tells a different story. After the hurricanes, state and federal legislators passed several laws that created a framework for comprehensive coastal restoration, replacing the haphazard and poorly funded approach that preceded the storms. This policy innovation occurred because the hurricanes created an opportunity to enact ideas developed by a coalition of coastal scientists, environmental attorneys, and local businesspeople during the previous three decades. Without the long-term work of this advocacy coalition, policy innovation would probably not have occurred. The case study presents the history of coastal restoration policy in Louisiana and explains how this history illustrates models of policy agenda setting from political science and environmental problems construction from sociology. In turn, these models provide a key to interpreting other examples of post-disaster policy change.
Novel aspects of T3 actions on GH and TSH synthesis and secretion: physiological implications
Authors: Bargi-Souza P , Goulart-Silva F , Nunes M T
Published: September 2017

Thyroid hormones (THs) classically regulate the gene expression by transcriptional mechanisms. In pituitary, the encoding genes for growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are examples of genes regulated by triiodothyronine (T3) in a positive and negative way, respectively. Recent studies have shown a rapid adjustment of GH and TSH synthesis/secretion induced by T3posttranscriptional actions. In somatotrophs, T3promotes an increase inGhmRNA content, poly(A) tail length and binding to the ribosome, associated with a rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. In thyrotrophs, T3reducesTshbmRNA content, poly(A) tail length and its association with the ribosome. In parallel, it promotes a redistribution of TSH secretory granules to more distal regions of the cell periphery, indicating a rapid effect of T3inhibition of TSH secretion. T3was shown to affect the content of tubulin and the polymerization of actin and tubulin cytoskeletons in the whole anterior pituitary gland, and to increase intracellular alpha (CGA) content. This review summarizes genomic and non-genomic/posttranscriptional actions of TH on the regulation of several steps of GH and TSH synthesis and secretion. These distinct mechanisms induced by T3can occur simultaneously, even though non-genomic effects are promptly elicited and precede the genomic actions, coexisting in a functional network within the cells.
Hypothalamic mechanisms linking fatty acid sensing and food intake regulation in rainbow trout
Authors: Velasco Cristina , Otero-Rodiño Cristina , Comesaña Sara , Míguez Jesús M , Soengas José L
Published: September 2017

We assessed in rainbow trout hypothalamus the effects of oleate and octanoate on levels and phosphorylation status of two transcription factors, FoxO1 and CREB, possibly involved in linking activation of fatty acid sensing with modulation of food intake through the expression of brain neuropeptides. Moreover, we assessed changes in the phosphorylation status of three proteins possibly involved in modulation of these transcription factors such as Akt, AMPK and mTOR. In a first experiment, we evaluated, in pools of hypothalamus incubated for 3 h and 6 h at 15°C in a modified Hanks’ medium containing 100 or 500 µM oleate or octanoate, the response of fatty acid sensing, neuropeptide expression and phosphorylation status of proteins of interest. The activation of fatty acid sensing and enhanced anorectic potential occurred in parallel with the activation of Akt and mTOR, and the inhibition of AMPK. The changes in these proteins would relate to a neuropeptide expression through changes in the phosphorylation status of transcription factors under their control, such as CREB and FoxO1, which displayed inhibitory (CREB) or activatory (FoxO1) responses when tissues were incubated with oleate or octanoate. In a second experiment, we incubated hypothalamus for 6 h with 500 µM oleate or octanoate alone or in the presence of specific inhibitors of Akt, AMPK, mTOR, CREB or FoxO1. The presence of inhibitors counteracted the effects of oleate or octanoate on the phosphorylation status of the proteins of interest. The results support, for the first time in fish, the involvement of these proteins in the regulation of food intake by fatty acids.
Jóvenes, Redes y Cultura Digital. Entre la realidad, la cotidianidad y el mito. Conversatorio entre Delia Crovi y Luz María Garay
Authors: Ramos Martín Juan , Badillo Matos Ángel
Published: September 2017

DUrante el pasado Congreso de CEISAL en Salamanca, la RICD tuvo la oportunidad de entablar una interesantísima conversación entre las académicas mexicanas Delia Crovi y Luz María Garay sobre la relación existente entre jóvenes, redes sociales y cultural digital.
La simulación en el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones. El caso de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos del Estado de Puebla, México, 1993-2015
Authors: Lagunes López Oscar Nicasio
Published: September 2017

El presente artículo tiene como propósito general presentar los resultados obtenidos del análisis del desempeño institucional de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos del Estado de Puebla, México, periodo 1993-2015, en relación con la defensa y promoción de los derechos humanos en la entidad. En particular, se proporciona evidencia que muestra el proceso de simulación en el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones que emite la Comisión poblana, a pesar de que las resoluciones que envía a las autoridades públicas del Estado tienen por objeto restituir a las víctimas en el goce de sus derechos vulnerados. La evidencia fue obtenida mediante entrevistas a profundidad y el análisis de los datos de los informes de actividades de la Comisión poblana. Ello implica que las autoridades públicas y las de la Comisión generan una violación adicional: impedir la efectiva reparación del daño provocado a las víctimas por el propio Estado y la consecuente negación de su acceso a la justicia.
Hernán Vidal y el aporte de la crítica literaria latinoamericana al proyecto de construcción y defensa de los derechos humanos
Authors: Remedi Gustavo
Published: September 2017

La revisión de la obra crítica y teórica que realizara el investigador y ensayista chileno Hernán Vidal (1937-2015) desde la Universidad de Minnesota sirve de punto de apoyo para explorar un proceso de ida y vuelta. Por un lado, de construcción de una hermenéutica cultural y literaria de los derechos humanos, anclando la primera en los segundos, a fin de realizar una serie de aportes desde la perspectiva de los estudios literarios y culturales latinoamericanos de orientación sociohistórica al propio discurso de promoción y defensa de los derechos humanos en América Latina.
Phillipson’s Linguistic Imperialism Revisited at the light of Latin American Decoloniality Approach
Authors: Barrantes-Montero Luis Guillermo
Published: September 2017

A summary of the book Linguistic Imperialism, by Phillipson (1992)2 is presented here. The purpose is to highlight its current scope and permanent values in consonance with intuitions, criticism and alternatives proposed by Latin America Modernity/coloniality Group. Criteria of analysis are based on a re-reading of the work in the light of the decolonial perspective, with the aim of proposing pedagogical insights which guide language and literature teachers in approaching their study contents with a critical vision. The idea is to remark the role of English Language Teaching for the maintenance of power structures and for its potential for creating new epistemological approaches to language teaching and learning. An epistemological turnaround in the linguistic formation of future educational personnel is a must for that end.
El uso de plataformas virtuales y su impacto en el proceso de aprendizaje en las asignaturas de las carreras de Criminología y Ciencias Policiales, de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica
Authors: Vargas-Cubero Ana Lorena , Villalobos-Torres Gabriela
Published: September 2017

The objective of this study is to determine how the use of Moodle online educational platform helps students of Criminology and Police Sciences to learn. A high percentage of the students from these majors work and study facing adverse conditions. Improvements in mediation, variety of resources, and autonomous learning may turn into meaningful learning opportunities for students. The methodology of this study is based on a quantitative approach by means of a sample survey. A nineteen-item semi-structured questionnaire was administered to fifty students to explore aspects related to working order, academic performance, and online course mediation. Forty-one out of fifty participants responded evaluating two courses from the Cátedra de Ambiente, Política y Sociedad [Chair of Environment, Politics, and Society] and three courses from the Cátedra de Trabajo Social [Chair of Social Work] that were offered during the first quarter of 2016. The gathered information was tabulated to facilitate its analysis. The results indicate that the use of online platforms and technology can be used to improve meaningful learning. However, the resources do not have an incidence without well-structured courses, resources, and the appropriate mediation from instructors.
Valoración de la supervisión en doctorados internacionales online por personal director de tesis y estudiantes
Authors: Salinas Jesús
Published: September 2017

This research presents the initial results of a study on the processes of online PhD supervision in the Education Sciences field. Remote mentoring and supervision bring new problems to the delivery of high-level doctoral studies with a widely dispersed base of mature, part-time, international students. These processes are analyzed by taking into account the supervision dynamics, the communication and support systems used, the activity space developed, and the tools used. For this exploratory study, we opted for a semi-structured interview; open ended at first, but to which some closed questions were added (especially questions to order or statements to evaluate). Twenty-six supervisors and students were interviewed, affording a view from both sides, so as to better understand the process and its difficulties. A classification system was set up afterwards, using notes taken on the spot in the interviews, and, later on, the categories were applied to the interview transcripts. Key elements have been identified, in which to intervene to improve the process. By taking into account the supervisors’ and students’ points of view, a certain coincidence could be observed when identifying such elements, both in relation to the style of supervision and support to the process, as well as to the dynamics, or susceptible tools and applications to improve the process; although both groups do not attribute the same value.
Educación sexual: Percepciones de docentes de la ciudad de Cuenca 2013-2014
Authors: Manzano-Pauta Diana Elisabeth , Jerves-Hermida Elena Monserrath
Published: September 2017

The recognition given to the role teachers play in sex education, and, at the same time, the apparent lack of knowledge in the area of sexuality, reflected in current literature, has led to the development of this research study. The objective of this study was to know the teachers’ perceptions about sex education in Cuenca. Specifically, we aimed to understand the assessment they have about their own knowledge, teacher satisfaction, modality, conceptions and teachers’ prejudices in classrooms. The mixed method used a sequential, explanatory strategy according to which, during the first stage, we explored the teachers’ perceptions about sex education, using a quantitative study with a survey applied to 180 teachers. Based on the results of the quantitative phase, in the second stage, the teachers’ opinions were collected through a qualitative inquiry by implementing focus group discussions. The results are shown in four categories: 1) assessment of knowledge; 2) teaching satisfaction; 3) modality; and 4) conceptions and prejudices about sex education. The categories of the study showed that sex education presents shortcomings especially related to the lack of training and knowledge in teachers, resulting in providing an education with the same prejudices that those teachers have about sexuality.
Avances y retos en las políticas y programas públicos para prevenir la discriminación en el ámbito gubernamental. El caso del PAPED, México
Authors: Treviño Ronzón Ernesto , Galindo Rodríguez José
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se discuten algunos de los retos implicados en la tarea de implementar y evaluar acciones para prevenir y erradicar la discriminación en el sector gubernamental. Se parte de reconocer que en México la tarea está en ciernes y observa patrones de desarrollo desiguales, si bien se encuentra ampliamente legislada. Para esta discusión introducimos referentes contextuales acerca de la implementación de reformas en favor de los derechos humanos en México y los articulamos con la noción de políticas públicas. Luego, tomamos como referencia el caso del Programa para Prevenir y Eliminar la Discriminación en la Ciudad de México (PAPED). Argumentaremos que, en contextos como el mexicano, marcados por la violencia multidimensional, la corrupción y un pobre desempeño de las instituciones públicas, es necesario incrementar la reflexividad de las instancias obligadas de implementar acciones de no discriminación, así como en la transparencia y visibilidad de los ejercicios de evaluación de sus acciones antidiscriminación, de forma que lleguen a más personas y se produzcan movimientos de apropiación progresivos.
Fibrous Arthropathy Associated With Morphea: A New Cause of Diffuse Acquired Joint Contractures
Authors: Merlin Etienne , Breton Sylvain , Fraitag Sylvie , Stéphan Jean-Louis , Wouters Carine , Bodemer Christine , Bader-Meunier Brigitte
Published: September 2017

Etiologies for childhood-onset diffuse joint contractures encompass a large group of inherited disorders and acquired diseases, in particular a subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis called “dry polyarthritis,” dermatomyositis, and systemic sclerosis. We report on 2 boys, aged 5 and 8 years, who developed acquired symmetric painless joint contractures preceding the development of superficial plaques of morphea by 7 to 13 months. There was no other clinical involvement, biological inflammation, or autoantibodies. No urinary mucopolysaccharidosis was seen. In both patients, wrist MRI showed no joint effusion, no bone erosion, and no or mild synovial thickening with slight enhancement after gadolinium infusion. One patient underwent a synovial biopsy, which showed dense fibrosis with a sparse inflammatory infiltrate, similar to the pathologic pattern observed in the skin biopsy. With methotrexate and systemic steroids, joint contractures slowly improved in the first patient and remained stable in the second. These 2 cases suggest that fibrous synovitis should be considered in children with acquired diffuse, symmetric, painless contractures and without elevation of acute-phase reactants, even in the absence of cutaneous manifestations. Articular MRI with gadolinium and careful cutaneous examination at onset and during follow-up should provide clues for diagnosing this entity.
Chronic Auditory Toxicity in Late Preterm and Term Infants With Significant Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Amin Sanjiv B. , Saluja Satish , Saili Arvind , Orlando Mark , Wang Hongyue , Laroia Nirupama , Agarwal Asha
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Significant hyperbilirubinemia (SHB) may cause chronic auditory toxicity (auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder and/or sensorineural hearing loss); however, total serum bilirubin (TSB) does not discriminate neonates at risk for auditory toxicity. Our objective was to compare TSB, bilirubin albumin molar ratio (BAMR), and unbound bilirubin (UB) for their association with chronic auditory toxicity in neonates with SHB (TSB ≥20 mg/dL or TSB that met criteria for exchange transfusion).

METHODS:

Infants ≥34 weeks’ gestational age (GA) with SHB during the first 2 postnatal weeks were eligible for a prospective longitudinal study in India. Comprehensive auditory evaluations were performed at 2 to 3 months of age by using auditory brainstem response, tympanometry, and an otoacoustic emission test and at 9 to 12 months of age by using audiometry. The evaluations were performed by an audiologist unaware of the degree of jaundice.

RESULTS:

A total of 93 out of 100 infants (mean GA of 37.4 weeks; 55 boys, 38 girls) who were enrolled with SHB were evaluated for auditory toxicity. Of those, 12 infants (13%) had auditory toxicity. On regression analysis controlling for covariates, peak UB (but not peak TSB or peak BAMR), was associated with auditory toxicity (odds ratio 2.41; 95% confidence interval: 1.43–4.07; P = .001). There was significant difference in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves between UB (0.866), TSB (0.775), and BAMR (0.724) for auditory toxicity (P = .03) after controlling for covariates.

CONCLUSIONS:

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia indexed by UB (but not TSB or BAMR) is associated with chronic auditory toxicity in infants ≥34 weeks’ GA with SHB.
Incaísmo y legitimación de la “Nación” americana en el diálogo entre Atahualpa y Fernando VII en los Campos Elíseos
Authors: García Gustavo V.
Published: September 2017

El Diálogo entre Atahualpa y Fernando VII en los Campos Elíseos [1809] de Bernardo Monteagudo reclama la independencia americana del dominio español. Su claridad y radicalidad no derivan de un criterio teleológico de pensar y construir la “nación” como algo completamente elaborado desde los inicios de los movimientos independentistas. Al contrario, el Diálogo es fruto de las experiencias históricas y la construcción simbólica de una nueva identidad propuesta por el incaísmo que se consolidó a fines del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX, como la primera doctrina política emancipadora de alcance continental. El incaísmo tenía una recepción favorable en distintos sectores sometidos a la dominación española. Para las masas indígenas (y populares) representaba la oportunidad de una redención racial. Y, para los letrados —a través de la lectura e interpretación de Comentarios reales de los incas— ofrecía la posibilidad de “retornar” y construir una “nación” americana actualizando la tradición incaica con la ilustración europea.
Frecuencia de fonemas en las narraciones tradicionales en malecu
Authors: Krohn Haakon S.
Published: September 2017

Este trabajo constituye un análisis estadístico de la frecuencia de los fonemas en los textos del tipo marácunúca ‘lo que se ha escuchado’ (o ‘pláticas tradicionales’) en el idioma chibchense malecu hablado en Palenque Margarita. Los resultados muestran que las vocales son más frecuentes que las consonantes. La vocal más común es /a/, seguida por /i/, /e/, /u/ y /o/ (largas o breves). En cuanto a las consonantes, las más usadas son /k/, /t/, /n/ y /m/, mientras que /ɬ/ y /s/ son las menos frecuentes.
Conectores en griego antiguo
Authors: Morales Harley Roberto
Published: September 2017

Con base en las clasificaciones de Martín y Portolés (2000) y de Calsamiglia y Tusón (2008) para los marcadores discursivos y para los conectores en lengua española, el trabajo propone la siguiente tipología de los conectores en griego antiguo: 1. Aditivos (1.1. Los que añaden un argumento de igual valor, 1.2. Los que añaden un argumento de mayor valor), 2. De base causal (2.1. Finales, 2.2. Causativos, 2.3. Consecutivos) y 3. Contraargumentativos (3.1. Los que introducen un contraargumento débil, 3.2. Los que introducen un contraargumento fuerte). De este modo, se ofrece una alternativa para el estudio de conjunciones, adverbios, locuciones y, especialmente, partículas en griego antiguo. Como resultado, se identificaron, en la Ilíada IX, un total de 8 ejemplos conectores aditivos (3 con argumentos de igual valor y 5 con argumentos de mayor valor), 14 ejemplos de conectores de base causal (2 finales, 9 causativos y 3 consecutivos) y 11 ejemplos de conectores contraargumentativos (9 con contraargumentos débiles y 2 con contraargumentos fuertes).
El papel de la prensa en los Congresos Internacionales de la Lengua Española: Desplazamientos en el marco de la política lingüística panhispánica
Authors: Rizzo María Florencia
Published: September 2017

El propósito de este artículo es examinar, desde el enfoque teórico de la Glotopolítica, el papel asignado a la prensa escrita en el marco de la política lingüística panhispánica que ha implementado España en las últimas décadas, a través del análisis de uno de sus dispositivos fundamentales: los Congresos Internacionales de la Lengua Española (CILE). Estos acontecimientos son organizados principalmente por el Instituto Cervantes, la Real Academia Española y la Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española para reflexionar y debatir la agenda pública del español. El análisis se centra en dos aspectos: 1. el espacio que ocupan los medios de comunicación, en especial la prensa escrita, en los programas de los primeros CILE (1997-2007) y 2. un conjunto de discursos que reflexionan sobre el estado de la lengua en este medio. El estudio muestra la permanencia de una ideología lingüística de orientación purista a lo largo de los congresos; asimismo, se observa un desplazamiento del papel de los medios que participan en estos encuentros, desde un lugar de pugna -en el I CILE de 1997- con las academias de la lengua por las funciones concernientes a cada sector, a uno de complementariedad con la política panhispánica.
VALIDASI METODE SNI 06-6989.12-2004 PADA PENETAPAN KESADAHAN TOTAL DALAM AIR PERMUKAAN SECARA KOMPLEKSIOMETRI
Authors: Wardhani Dina Sri , Nurbayanti Inna
Published: September 2017

Pada kegiatan ini telah dilakukan validasi metode SNI 06-6989.12-2004 pada penetapan kesadahan dalam air permukaan menggunakan metode titrimetri. Validasi metode analisis adalah proses pengujian karakter kinerja metode analisis melalui serangkaian uji laboratorium. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk menjamin bahwa metode analisis yang digunakan mampu memberikan hasil yang cermat dan handal sehingga dapat dipercaya. Validasi metode ini meliputi uji presisi, uji akurasi dengan teknik spiking, dan uji ketahanan (robustsness). Hasil uji akurasi yang diperoleh berada pada rentang nilai 85,62%-88,96% yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai ini memenuhi syarat keberterimaan (% Recovery= 85–115). Uji presisi yang dilakukan terhadap tujuh pengulangan pengukuran sampel memperoleh nilai %RSD sebesar 3,04% dan nilai 2/3 CV Horwitz sebesar 5,41. Nilai %RSD uji presisi lebih kecil dari 5% dan lebih kecil dari 2/3 CV Horwitz sehingga memenuhi syarat keberterimaan. Evaluasi uji-t untuk akurasi dan uji-F untuk presisi dari pengujian ketahanan yang dilakukan menyatakan bahwa akurasi dan presisi kedua kondisi diterima. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, metode SNI 06-6989.12-2004 dapat diterapkan secara rutin di Laboratorium Lingkungan Laboratorium Pengujian Balai Penelitian Pemuliaan Ikan (BPPI) dan dapat diajukan sebagai penambahan ruang lingkup akreditasi.
TEKNIK BUDIDAYA IKAN PATIN DENGAN PEMBERIAN BAKTERI PENGENDALI NITROGEN
Authors: Fajar Samsul , Supendi Supendi , Maulana Muhammad Rizki
Published: September 2017

Budidaya ikan secara intensif mengakibatkan pencemaran bahan organik yang berasal dari sisa pakan dan ekskresi ikan yang berupa senyawa nitrogen dalam media pemeliharaan, sehingga terjadi penurunan kualitas air. Perbaikan kualitas air dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan mikroba (bioremediasi). Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bobot ikan patin dengan perlakuan pemberian bakteri dan tanpa pemberian bakteri. Kegiatan ini terdiri atas dua perlakuan yaitu dengan perlakuan menggunakan bakteri dan tanpa menggunakan bakteri. Kegiatan terdiri atas pemeliharaan ikan, pemberian bakteri, dan pengukuran kualitas air. Penggunaan bakteri pengendali nitrogen menghasilkan pertumbuhan bobot ikan lebih baik daripada tanpa pemberian bakteri selama 40 hari pemeliharaan ikan patin. Bobot rata-rata ikan dengan penggunaan bakteri sebesar 43,17 g dan hasil kualitas airnya berturut-turut untuk suhu 26,2°C-27,57°C dan pH 6,10-7,93; sedangkan perlakuan tanpa menggunakan bakteri diperoleh kisaran suhunya 25,85°C-27,25°C dan pH 6,47-7,98. Nilai DO tertinggi adalah 5,37 mg/L dan terendah 1,6 mg/L.
Algumas considerações a propósito do lançamento do Portal do Mutirão do Brasileirismo Comunicacional (PMBC)
Authors: De Melo José Marques
Published: September 2017

Trata-se de aventura intelectual que me tem fascinado desde os tempos de estudante de graduação, quando tive consciência da Babel terminológica em que me estava me embrenhando, numa área cognitiva em processo de constituição. Concluí o bacharelado em Jornalismo, atônito e confuso ao verificar que o linguajar empregado pelos meus professores das disciplinas “básicas” diferia, quando não divergia, dos significados implícitos no conteúdo das matérias “técnicas”, produzindo calafrios   cognitivos.
APRESENTAÇÃO - Atividades da Cátedra UNESCO/ UMESP de Comunicação para o Desenvolvimento Regional no ano de comemoração dos 20 anos de atuação (1996-2016)
Authors: Andrade Antonio De
Published: September 2017

APRESENTAÇÃO - Atividades da Cátedra UNESCO/ UMESP de Comunicação para o Desenvolvimento Regional no ano de comemoração dos 20 anos de atuação (1996-2016)
Veja e CartaCapital: observações iniciais de pesquisa
Authors: Ferraz Vinicius Suzigan
Published: September 2017

Este artigo visa a tecer as observações iniciais para um futuro projeto de dissertação. Nele, buscou-se observar as ideologias por trás das editorias políticas das duas maiores revistas semanais que representam cada suposto nicho político-ideológico do Brasil: a Veja e a CartaCapital. Utilizando, como arcabouço teórico, a concepção de ideologia proposta por John B. Thompson, juntamente com a metodologia de análise de discurso e seus sustentáculos, poderemos desenvolver um estudo analítico para verificar o discurso e o lugar de fala de ambas as revistas, demonstrando influenciam seu público leitor. O que nos interessa nessas primeiras asserções deste futuro projeto, não é tanto chegar a conclusões de como as revistas funcionam ideologicamente, não é a aplicação dos conceitos estabelecidos aqui, mas sim fazer elucubrações e entender as revistas por meio desses espectros, a fim de criar uma base teórica-metodológica.
Informação e Comunicação: uma discussão comparativa da visão da Cibernética e da Teoria Matemática da Comunicação
Authors: Palamedi Fabio
Published: September 2017

A sociedade moderna apresenta inúmeras evidências que demonstram o quanto o homem se distanciou da sua natureza biológica, criando versão de realidade, a partir das inúmeras intervenções criativas ao longo da história. Em consequência da disponibilidade da tecnologia e do fácil acesso a ela, a forma de conviver, as relações humanas, os hábitos e a cultura têm sido profunda e constantemente alterados. A dinâmica polimórfica, estabelecida pela multiplicidade de dispositivos, aliada à velocidade dos processos que eles potencializam, demonstra movimento evolutivo cíclico, de caráter pervasivo e irreversível da forma como se criam, se armazenam, se buscam e se modificam informações. O acesso, de forma genérica, aos mais diversos tipos de informações, nas últimas décadas, permitiu o surgimento de modelos dialógicos inéditos. Eles permitem o relacionamento entre atores em sistemas de compartilhamento de caráter comunicacional, ao conectar e ao expandir vozes, dificilmente comparável a iniciativas parecidas antes experimentadas. De forma simbiótica e em todos os momentos, a inegável presença dos equipamentos usados explicita que modelos científicos novos precisam ser revisitados, além de pensamentos científicos serem revistos, discutidos e/ou adaptados. Essa reflexão consiste em uma discussão não concluída sobre a aproximação da Teoria Cibernética de Wierner ao modelo teórico-conceitual de Shannon, na tentativa de se estabelecer um parâmetro, entre os dois modelos, a fim de verificar qual deles promoveria a sustentação teórica dos estudos da Tecnologia, no ato de comunicar, especiamente, nas dinâmicas dialógicas da interação homem-computador. Assim, apesar das similaridades, das sobreposições e das justaposições que essas teorias apresentam, pode-se concluir que existe um viés objetivo em cada uma delas, que abarca a relação dos estudos da comunicação por meio de recortes diferenciados sobre o que se pretende observar. Tais recortes influenciarão não apenas o método da observação, mas também a aplicação e a coleta de resultados do pesquisador que se propõe lançar o olhar sobre tais questões.
Tecnologia, Revoluções Industriais e o Negócio do Jornalismo em Processo de Transformação
Authors: Oliveira de Almeida Francisco A.
Published: September 2017

Esse artigo aborda a industrialização do jornalismo ao longo das revoluções industriais. O tema está relacionado à evolução tecnológica e, ao mesmo tempo, ao capitalismo e às leis de mercado em função do caráter industrial da atividade e da oferta da notícia como produto. A elaboração teve, como base, pesquisa documental e referências bibliográficas e constitui parte do esforço de pesquisa que integra os estudos para doutoramento. O conhecimento adquirido sobre a influência da tecnologia no desenvolvimento da indústria do jornalismo é fundamental para a compreensão do processo no contexto global, considerando a tendência (não recente) de formação de grandes conglomerados de mídia, que se aprofunda ao longo do tempo.
Uma análise interdisciplinar do fim da marca 100% Vídeo
Authors: Vieira de Araújo Lucas , Valderramas Edgard Luiz Bernardes
Published: September 2017

Após 29 anos de operação, a marca de videolocadora 100% Vídeo encerrou as atividades no Brasil sob a alegação de que a pirataria impossibilitou a continuidade do negócio. Pela representatividade da empresa durante sua vigência, assim como pela importância dela para o ramo de franquias no Brasil, é imperioso avaliar o que de fato aconteceu. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa explicativa bibliográfica a partir das áreas da gestão, da comunicação e das ciências sociais, com o propósito de identificar os fatores intervenientes que levaram ao encerramento da operação. Constatou-se que o motivo divulgado pela direção da 100% Vídeo não coaduna com a realidade, haja visto aspectos como as mudanças provocadas pela tecnologia, que vêm alterando as relações empresariais, colocando em xeque a viabilidade e a continuidade de algumas atividades econômicas.
Comunicação, identidade e território: caminhos para as comunidades quilombolas da Caçandoca em Ubatuba e do Mandira em Cananéia
Authors: Marcelo Adriana Rabelo Rodrigues , Cardias Renata Castro
Published: September 2017

O artigo tem, como proposta, analisar como as comunidades quilombolas tanto da Caçandoca, em Ubatuna, quanto do Mandira, em Cananéia, cidades do litoral norte e sul do Estado de São Paulo, respectivamente, reivindicam seus direitos enquanto movimentos sociais. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, o trabalho debaterá sobre temáticas, como comunidades, identidades culturais, cidadania, comunicação, movimentos sociais e território. Verificamos que ambas as comunidades estudadas sofrem ameaças relativas ao seu território devido à especulação imobiliária, ao autoritarismo ambiental e ao turismo predatório. Enquanto cultura de resistência, as iniciativas de comunicação comunitária, nos quilombos em questão, constituem caminhos que auxiliam a luta pelos seus territórios. O direito à terra assegura suas identidades, suas culturas e o desenvolvimento comunitário, a partir da elaboração de suas próprias narrativas.
De Piramboia à TV Tupi: fatos e personagens na trajetória do folclorista Alceu Maynard de Araújo
Authors: Andrade Antonio De
Published: September 2017

A presente comunicação trata da carreira do antropólogo, etnólogo e folclorista paulista Alceu Maynard Araújo (1913-1974), sua trajetória profissional e intelectual, as principais referências e o legado de sua produção audiovisual sobre o folclore brasileiro. Alceu Maynard produziu mais de uma centena de documentários cinematográficos nos anos de 1940 e 1950. Esses materiais foram exibidos, com regularidade, por mais de uma década, nas emissoras de televisão Tupi e Cultura, da cidade de São Paulo. A influência de nomes relevantes da intelectualidade paulista e de instituições de ensino superior é abordada no sentido de contextualizar os caminhos que conduziram à formação profissional do personagem analisado.
DETERMINING OF THE EQUIVALENT AND OPTIMUM DIAMETERS OF CONE-CYLINDER TIP WITH SOIL BROACHING SPURS
Authors: S. V. Kravets  , O. P. Posmitjukha  , V. M. Suponyev
Published: September 2017

Purpose. Building of new railway tracks and facilities, repair and replacement of existent underground utilities and communications is related to the receipt of horizontal cavities in soil by trenchless method. A static soil broaching with a working body with cone tip is the most widespread method in practice of forming a pilot hole at the trenchless laying of distributive communications. However, in the process of implementation of project calculations, receipt of pilot hole and subsequent expansion to the necessary sizes, there is a question of workings effort calculation methods. Existent methods are based on empiric dependences and experimental coefficients which diminish exactness of calculations and increase the cost of works. Methodology. The work proposes the dependence for determination of equivalent diameter of cone tip depending on the hole diameter and theoretical method for calculation of optimum parameters of soil broaching head using the well-known parameters: type of soil and its humidity, that determined by the State Construction Regulations (DBN). Findings. The results of the theoretical studies can be used to increase the efficiency of the working equipment for soil broaching by static method during trenchless laying of underground utilities and communications. Originality. The authors establish the dependence of the equivalent diameter of the cone base on the diameter of the cylindrical part of the broaching head, which allows for removal of the frictional force from the static broaching on the lateral cylindrical surface of the tip. Practical value. The obtained theoretical calculations for determining the optimal diameters of the cone tip with soil broaching spurs made it possible to establish that if thediameteroftheconeisgreaterthanthemaximumdiameterofthehole (soilcavity), thenthefrontalresistanceofthecone-cylindertipincreasesmoreintensivelythantheresistanceofthecylindricalpartofthetip. The maximum reduction in the broaching force takes place for a soil cavity whose diameter is 2 times smaller than the maximum limit diameter. When conducting the calculations regarding the choice of the size of working bodies for soil broaching, the source data include the type of soil, and its characteristics by DBN, as well as the moisture content of the soil determined by traditional methods.
REDUCING AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS IN ATMOSPHERE AFTER ITS UNPLANNED RELEASE
Authors: Amelina L. V. , Biliaiev M. M. , Mashykhina P. B.
Published: September 2017

Purpose. The aim of this work is development of numerical model, which allows to calculate the efficiency of neutralizer supply for reduction of air pollution in case of unplanned ammonia emission at the territory of ammonia pump station. The numerical model should allow fast calculating, taking into account the meteorological parameters and buildings situated near the source of toxic chemical emission and equipment for neutralizer supply. Methodology. The developed model is based on the equation for potential flow and equation of pollutant dispersion. To simulate the chemical interaction between ammonia and neutralizer the stoichiometry equation is used. Equation of potential flow is used to compute flow pattern among buildings. To solve the equation for potential flow the Samarskii implicit difference scheme is used. The implicit change-triangle difference scheme is used to solve equation of mass transfer. While for the numerical integration the authors use the rectangular difference grid. Method of porosity technique («markers method») is applied to create the form of comprehensive computational region. Emission of ammonia is modeled using Delta function for point source. Findings. Developed numerical model belongs to the class of «diagnostic models». This model takes into account the main physical factors affecting the process of dispersion of ammonia and neutralizer in the atmosphere, as well as the influence of buildings on admixture dispersion. On the basis of the developed numerical models the authors carried out a computational experiment to estimate the efficiency of neutralizer supply for reduction of air pollution in case of unplanned ammonia release at ammonia pump station. Originality. Developed numerical model allows calculating the flow pattern among buildings and estimating the efficiency of neutralizer supply for reduction of air pollution in the case unplanned ammonia release. Practical value. Model allows performing fast calculations of the atmosphere pollution in the case of unplanned ammonia release
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF POLLUTION DISPERSION IN URBAN STREET
Authors: Biliaiev M. M. , Slavinska O. S. , Kyrychenko R. V.
Published: September 2017

Purpose. The scientific paper solves the question of 2D numerical model development, which allows quick computation of air pollution in streets from vehicles. The aim of the work is numerical model development that would enable to predict the level of air pollution by using protective barriers along the road. Methodology. The developed model is based on the equation of inviscid flow and equation of pollutant transfer. Potential equation is used to compute velocity field of air flow near road in the case of protection barriers application. To solve equation for potential flow implicit difference scheme of «conditional approximation« is used. The implicit change – triangle difference scheme is used to solve equation of convective – diffusive dispersion. Numerical integration is carried out using the rectangular difference grid. Method of porosity technique («markers method») is used to create the form of comprehensive computational region. Emission of toxic gases from vehicle is modeled using Delta function for point source.Findings. Authors developed 2D numerical model. It takes into account the main physical factors affecting the process of dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere when emissions of vehicle including protection barriers near the road. On the basis of the developed numerical models a computational experiment was performed to estimate the level of air pollution in the street. Originality. A numerical model has been created. It makes it possible to calculate 2D aerodynamics of the wind flow in the presence of noises and the process of mass transfer of toxic gas emissions from the motorway. The model allows taking into account the presence of the car on the road, the form of a protective barrier, the presence of a curb. Calculations have been performed to determine the contamination zone formed at the protective barrier that is located at the motorway. Practical value. An effective numerical model that can be applied in the development of environmental protection measures for the operation of road transport in the city is considered. The developed model allows estimating sizes, the form and intensity of a zone of pollution at a motorway.