bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conditions for Creativity in Conversation
Authors: Pauley John A.
Published: May 2019

This essay begins by demonstrating how conversations can end before they have a chance to authentically begin. Conversations are stultified by patterns in the human ecology. The first pattern identified is “self-obliviousness” in conversation. “Self-obliviousness” is then tied to patterns of both radical self-assurance and self-diminishment. The underlying idea and argument is that adequate self-awareness is a necessary condition for (authentic) conversation and this condition is only met as human beings recognize their own selves as relational. The argument then turns to remedies to the pattern. Metacognition as exercised in relation to literary art can reveal the conditions for identifying and recognizing the damaging patterns. By the end of the essay the conditions for creativity in conversation are conflated with the formation of empathetic dispositions and these are only possible through understanding the self in equal relation to other selves. The arguments and examples are from contemporary United States Culture, but the damaging patterns can easily be recognized as elements of the human condition generally.
Raising Questions, Cutting Fingers: Chan Buddhism and the Cultivation of Creativity through Ritual Dialogues
Authors: Capra Rudi
Published: May 2019

The present paper identifies creativity as a crucial component in the pedagogical process envisaged by Chan masters in the Song era. In particular, the paper considers ritual dialogues between masters and students involving questions and answers (wenda 問答) taken from the renowned collection known as the Blue Cliff Record (biyan lu 碧巖錄).

The first section is concerned with the definition of creativity and its role within the contextual framework of Chan pedagogy in the Song era. The second section analyses some significant ritual dialogues included in the Blue Cliff Record with the aim of exploring a variety of different creative expressions in the considered Chan narratives. The third and last section illustrates how the ritualized performance of dialogical encounters, and by extension the use of gongan literature, entails and promotes the recourse to creativity as a functional strategy in Chan practice.
The Dialogue between Painting, Mindfulness and Dufrenne’s Aesthetics
Authors: Fitzpatrick Colleen
Published: May 2019

This paper examines the dialogical relationship between painting and mindfulness. This premise is explored with reference to the aesthetics of Mikel Dufrenne. Dufrenne’s arguments make use of a number of features that characterise mindful practice and reflect mindfulness philosophy. Dufrenne’s phenomenology of aesthetic experience centres on being present, focused, non-judgemental and attentive to the aesthetic object in order to realise its signification. These concepts are also given primary importance in Buddhist philosophy of mindfulness. Dufrenne’s theory lends itself ideally to understanding aesthetic experience in relation to mindfulness as well as how these experiences complement one another. Although Dufrenne does not prioritise painting, the present paper will explore painting in particular due to its embodied, gestural nature, which utilises the notion of style, reflecting the artist’s mode of being-in- the-world. Dufrenne’s ideas allow both mindfulness and painting to be understood in more comprehensive terms than that of their meanings considered individually.
Description of the preimaginal stages of three species of the genus Tropisternus Solier, subgenus Strepitornus Hansen (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), with emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy
Authors: TORRES PATRICIA L. M. , MICHAT MARIANO C. , ARCHANGELSKY MIGUEL
Published: May 2019

The morphology of immature stages of the genus Tropisternus Solier is investigated on the basis of the description of immatures of the subgenus Strepitornus Hansen. The egg cases, all three larval instars and pupae of T. collaris (Fabricius), T. parananus Sharp and T. scutellaris Castelnau are described with an emphasis on the chaetotaxy and morphometry of selected structures. Comparisons with other species of Tropisternus known as larvae are included. The larval instars can be separated by means of morphometric relationships and chaetotaxy of the cephalic appendages and legs. Most morphometric measures among the species described here have overlapped ranges, suggesting that the larval morphology of the examined taxa is very similar.
A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: ZHANG XIN-WEN , REN DONG , PANG HONG , SHIH CHUNG-KUN
Published: May 2019

A new genus with a new species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones), Sinochresmoda magnicornia gen. et sp. nov., including specimens of male, female and nymph, is described and illustrated. These fossils were collected from the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation of Liutiaogou Village, Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol Autonomous Region), China. Both male and female possess wings, and have sexual dimorphism in antenna. Antennae of male are highly specialized and horn-shaped, incurvated as horn with the scape strongly expanded, and the first segment of the flagella incurvated as a pair of brackets, while antennae of female are normally filiform. Wings of the new species are short, not exceeding the length of the abdomen. Fringe hairs along the wing margins, a unique feature for Chresmodidae, are dense, wavy and bundled together. Nymphs and adults probably lived in the same environment. In addition, one specimen demonstrates the extraordinary structure of tarsus with a high number of “tarsomeres”, which has been reported in other species of this family.
Nominal species of Australasian/Oceanian Sarcophagidae proposed by P.J.M. Macquart (Insecta: Diptera)
Authors: PAPE THOMAS
Published: May 2019

The six nominal species of Australasian/Oceanian Sarcophagidae proposed by Pierre Justin Marie Macquart are revised. Five nominal species enter into new synonymy, one remains unplaced. Lectotypes are designated for Sarcophaga assimilis Macquart, 1851 and Sarcophaga aurifrons Macquart, 1851. Sarcophaga sigma Johnston & Tiegs, 1921 is resurrected from synonymy with S. aurifrons.
Three new species of Polypedilum s. str. Kieffer from China, with L-shaped superior volsella (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: ZHANG RUILEI , WANG XINHUA
Published: May 2019

Three new Chinese Polypedilum s. str. species with distinct L-shaped superior volsella, are described and illustrated as males. Polypedilum (P.) coalitum sp. nov. differs from other members of Polypedilum s. str. in having 4 palpomeres and vein R 1 without seta. P. (P.) depile sp. nov. has bare squama, which is unique in the genus. P. (P.) hainanense sp. nov. differs in having squama with 3 setae; vein R 4+5 with 14–20 setae; a high foreleg ratio (2.36); and superior volsella abruptly curved in the middle, without basal inner setae, with single strong lateral seta medially, and 3 short subapical setae.
Identity of the coral-associated pontoniine shrimp species, Coralliocaris nudirostris (Heller, 1861) and C. venusta Kemp, 1922 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: MITSUHASHI MASAKO , TAKEDA MASATSUNE
Published: May 2019

Two species of the pontoniine shrimp genus Coralliocaris, C. venusta Kemp, 1922 and C. nudirostris (Heller, 1861), are reviewed based on the type specimens and additional material from the Indo-West Pacific. Two colour morphs previously recognized in C. venusta can be separated into two species on the basis of presence or absence of a concavity on the medial surface of the first pereiopod fingers. The presence of a concavity on the first pereiopod fingers indicates that the ‘white patched morph’ of C. venusta is referable to C. venusta sensu stricto, and that this species is conspecific with C. nudirostris, whereas the colour morph (‘black striated morph’) characterised by the absence of the concavity, belongs to a new species, C. sandyi sp. nov. A further new species named C. labyrintha sp. nov. can be separated from the former by the colour pattern in life, a moderately angled supraorbital eave, usually more numerous rostral teeth, and proportionally slenderer fingers of the first pereiopod. Colour photographs and drawings of fresh specimens of C. nudirostris and the two new species are provided, and an updated key to the genus is given to facilitate identification.
Description of a new species of Neocordulia Selys, 1882 (Odonata: Libellulidae, Corduliinae) from southern Brazil
Authors: COSTA J. M. , RAVANELLO C. T. , SOUZA-FRANCO G. M.
Published: May 2019

Neocordulia santacatarinensis sp. n. is described and illustrated based on a reared male and its exuviae collected at Irani river, Ponte Serrada, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Holotype is deposited in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
"Microturbellarian" flatworms (Platyhelminthes) from freshwater pools: New species and records from Israel
Authors: NOREÑA CAROLINA , EITAM AVI , BLAUSTEIN LEON
Published: May 2019

Few papers have been published on “Turbellaria” in Israel, and of those, most concern “Turbellaria” from marine environments. In the present study, 22 freshwater species from Israel are reported. Ten of these species are new to Israel, and two are new to science. A detailed description of two species new to science from the family Typhloplanidae is given (Castrada multispina sp. nov. and Castradella biacantha sp. nov.). Typhloplanidae (Order Rhabdocoela) is the best represented family in this study with 16 species, compared to only 4 species from the family Dalyelliidae (Order Rhabdocoela) and the 2 Stenostomum-species. The faunal composition of the “microturbellarians” of Israel proved to be very similar to that of lentic environments in Europe, with the exception of the newly described species currently known only from Israel.
A new Nactus gecko (Gekkonidae) and a new Leiolopisma skink (Scincidae) from La Reunion, Indian Ocean, based on recent fossil remains and ancient DNA sequence
Authors: ARNOLD E. NICHOLAS , BOUR ROGER
Published: May 2019

Two new lizards from La Réunion island, southwest Indian Ocean, are described on the basis of fragmentary subfossil material, and their distinctiveness and relationships are confirmed from ancient mitochondrial DNA extracted from these remains. The gecko Nactus soniae n. sp. is related to N. coindemerensis of Mauritius, while the skink Leiolopisma ceciliae n..sp. .has affinities with L. telfairii and L. mauritiana from the same island. As with other La Réunion reptiles known to date, mitochondrial DNA phylogenies indicate that both the new forms colonized this island from Mauritius. Molecular clock considerations suggest that colonisations took place over 1My ago and that the new species, together with Phelsuma day geckos, survived the massive volcanic eruptions that took place on La Réunion 180000-230000 years ago.
An annotated world catalogue of the millipede order Callipodida (Arthropoda: Diplopoda)
Authors: STOEV PAVEL , SIERWALD PETRA , BILLEY AMBER
Published: May 2019

The paper presents the first world catalogue of the millipede order Callipodida (Diplopoda: Helminthomorpha). The order is currently known to comprise 3 suborders, 7 families, 35 valid (sub-)genera and 133 (sub-)species. Furthermore, 10 nominal species, whose taxonomic status has not been considered in any publications other than the first descriptions, are listed as species inquirenda. The synonymy of Paracortina wangi Stoev, 2004 under Angulifemur unidigitis Zhang, 1997 is formalized here. Given for each (sub-)species are the original description with author, year, pages and figures; complete chronological list of subsequent faunistic or taxonomic references; type material and, if known, current repository; type locality; species range; and sometimes additional remarks on its status or distribution. The relevant taxonomic and faunistic literature on Diplopoda was consulted to complete the data presented here. The species list is based on a species index card catalogue housed in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris (“Fichier iconographiqueBrolemann et successeurs”), with additions from the Zoological Record and various on-line resources. A bibliography containing 286 taxonomic references relevant to the Callipodida is included.
Description of a new species of Onychostenhelia Ito (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Miraciidae) from the Bohai Sea, China
Authors: HUYS RONY , MU FANG-HONG
Published: May 2019

Onychostenhelia bispinosa sp. nov. is described from material collected from the Bohai Sea, China. It differs from the type and only known species of Onychostenhelia in the setal formula of the swimming legs, the form of the setae on the baseoendopod of P5 in both sexes, the female rostrum, the structure of the sexually dimorphic P4 exopod in the male, and size. Onychostenhelia, Cladorostrata and Delavalia belong to a core group within the Stenheliinae that exhibits an unusual morphology in the maxillule, the exopod and endopod being confluent at base but not actually fused to the supporting basis. Based on this circumstantial evidence it is postulated that in biramous limb patterning both exopodal and endopodal primordia are recruited from a common precursor and, consequently, patterns of axial diversification in crustacean limbs and the mechanisms of segmentation that establish them may have to be reinterpreted. Previously published evidence supporting the monophyly of the Stenheliinae is reviewed and a dichotomous key to the nine genera of the subfamily Stenheliinae provided.
The use of egg characters for the classification of Notodontidae (Lepidoptera), with keys to the common Palaearctic genera and species
Authors: DOLINSKAYA IRINA V.
Published: May 2019

On the basis of comparative-morphological analysis of 43 genera and 92 species of Palaearctic Notodontidae, as well as the study of the eggs of outgroup species, complexes of characters that are diagnostic, taxonomic or phylogenetic are singled out. It is shown that the egg characteristics are of great taxonomic value at species and generic levels. Some characters are useful for grouping genera. In general, a complex of characters should be used, because different species or genera often share the same characters. Possible apomorphic and plesiomorphic states of the different characters are discussed in relation to the different taxa. The results of this study are discussed with reference to recently published classifications of Notodontidae. As a result of the studies, the keys for identification to the eggs of 43 genera and 92 species of notodontid moths from the Palaearctic region are presented. Reliable diagnostic characters that do not disappear with the injury of eggs or with eggs preserved in alcohol were used. Characters including egg shape, egg and chorion colour, the shape of gnawed holes in eggs when caterpillars hatched, chorionic sculpture, the type of oviposition, foodplants, and geographic distribution of the genera and species were applied. Occasionally, characters that are typical for live eggs, which vary during development, were used. These are characters of egg colour and pattern. The keys are illustrated with photographs made using a digital camera and a scanning electron microscope.
A new species of Astyanax Baird & Girard (Characiformes: Characidae) from western Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: BURGER RAFAEL , CARVALHO FERNANDO R. , ZANATA ANGELA M.
Published: May 2019

A new species of Astyanax from the upper rio Paraguaçu basin, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, is described. Astyanax sincora shares characters currently used to define the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex, as highest body depth approximately at vertical through pectoral-fin midlength and a low number of branched anal-fin rays (13–17). It differs from its congeners by a combination of characters, including eight branched dorsal-fin rays, six branched pelvic-fin rays, presence of bony hooks in pectoral and anal fins of males, dark midlateral line or stripe initiating posteriorly to the vertically elongate humeral blotch, and by the presence of 30–35 scales in the median longitudinal series. The generic positioning of the new species and some polymorphic morphological characters in Astyanax are briefly discussed. The degree of completeness of the lateral line in Hyphessobrycon balbus is discussed. [Species Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D708FE7E-3FB5-4729-B438-779717F7ED1A]
Hurricane Model Development at GFDL: A Collaborative Success Story from a Historical Perspective
Authors: Bender Morris A. , Marchok Timothy , Tuleya Robert E. , Ginis Isaac , Tallapragada Vijay , Lord Stephen J.
Published: May 2019

The hurricane project at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) was established in 1970. By the mid-1970s pioneering research had led to the development of a new hurricane model. As the reputation of the model grew, GFDL was approached in 1986 by the director of the National Meteorological Center about establishing a collaboration between the two federal organizations to transition the model into an operational modeling system. After a multiyear effort by GFDL scientists to develop a system that could support rigorous requirements of operations, and multiyear testing had demonstrated its superior performance compared to existing guidance products, operational implementation was made in 1995. Through collaboration between GFDL and the U.S. Navy, the model was also made operational at Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center in 1996. GFDL scientists continued to support and improve the model during the next two decades by collaborating with other scientists at GFDL, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Environmental Modeling Center (EMC),1 the National Hurricane Center, the U.S. Navy, the University of Rhode Island (URI), Old Dominion University, and the NOAA Hurricane Research Division. Scientists at GFDL, URI, and EMC collaborated to transfer key components of the GFDL model to the NWS new Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) that became operational in 2007. The purpose of the article is to highlight the critical role of these collaborations. It is hoped that the experiences of the authors will serve as an example of how such collaboration can benefit the nation with improved weather guidance products.
Qualitative Research Ethics in the Big Data Era: Part II
Authors: Glenna Leland , Hesse Arielle , Hinrichs Clare , Chiles Robert , Sachs Carolyn
Published: May 2019

This serves as a brief introduction to Part II of the articles presented in the special issue, Qualitative Research Ethics in the Big-Data Era.
Quantification of Voice Type Components Present in Human Phonation Using a Modified Diffusive Chaos Technique
Authors: Liu Boquan , Polce Evan , Raj Hayley , Jiang Jack
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

Signal typing has been used to categorize healthy and disordered voices; however, human voices are likely comprised of differing proportions of periodic type 1 elements, type 2 elements that are periodic with modulations, aperiodic type 3 elements, and stochastic type 4 elements. A novel diffusive chaos method is presented to detect the distribution of voice types within a signal with the goal of providing an objective and clinically useful tool for evaluating the voice. It was predicted that continuous calculation of the diffusive chaos parameter throughout the voice sample would allow for construction of comprehensive voice type component profiles (VTCP).

Methods:

One hundred thirty-five voice samples of sustained /a/ vowels were randomly selected from the Disordered Voice Database Model 4337. All samples were classified according to the voice type paradigm using spectrogram analysis, yielding 34 type 1, 35 type 2, 42 type 3, and 24 type 4 voice samples. All samples were then analyzed using the diffusive chaos method, and VTCPs were generated to show the distribution of the 4 voice type components (VTC).

Results:

The proportions of VTC1 varied significantly between the majority of the traditional voice types ( P < .001). Three of the 4 VTCs of type 3 voices were significantly different from the VTCs of type 4 voices ( P < .001). These results were compared to calculations of spectrum convergence ratio, which did not vary significantly between voice types 1 and 2 or 2 and 3.

Conclusion:

The diffusive chaos method demonstrates proficiency in generating comprehensive VTCPs for disordered voices with varying severity. In contrast to acoustic parameters that provide a single measure of disorder, VTCPs can be used to detect subtler changes by observing variations in each VTC over time. This method also provides the advantage of quantifying stochastic noise components that are due to breathiness in the voice.
The association between lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity and fatty liver index
Authors: Janac Jelena , Zeljkovic Aleksandra , Jelic-Ivanovic Zorana , Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic Vesna , Miljkovic Milica , Stefanovic Aleksandra , Munjas Jelena , Vekic Jelena , Kotur-Stevuljevic Jelena , Spasojević-Kalimanovska Vesna
Published: May 2019

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a frequent ailment with known complications, including those within the cardiovascular system. Associations between several indicators of high-density lipoprotein metabolism and function with clinical and laboratory parameters for the assessment of fatty liver index, a surrogate marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, were evaluated.

Methods

The study comprised 130 patients classified according to fatty liver index values: fatty liver index < 30, fatty liver index 30–59 (the intermediate group) and fatty liver index ⩾ 60. Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein activities were determined. Paraoxonase 1 concentration and its activity, paraoxonase 3 concentration and high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution were assessed.

Results

Increased lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity correlated with increased fatty liver index ( P < 0.001). Paraoxonase 3 concentration was lower in the fatty liver index ⩾ 60 group compared with the fatty liver index < 30 group ( P < 0.05). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, paraoxonase 1 concentration and its activity did not significantly differ across the fatty liver index groups. The relative proportion of small-sized high-density lipoprotein 3 subclass was higher in the fatty liver index ⩾ 60 group compared with the other two fatty liver index groups ( P < 0.01). Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity positively associated with the fatty liver index ⩾ 60 group and remained significant after adjustment for other potential confounders. Only the triglyceride concentration remained significantly associated with lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity when the parameters that constitute the fatty liver index equation were examined.

Conclusions

Higher lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity is associated with elevated fatty liver index values. Significant independent association between triglycerides and lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity might indicate a role of hypertriglyceridaemia in alterations of lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity in individuals with elevated fatty liver index.
Investigating the provision of occupational therapy services: A case study
Authors: Carey Alicia , Cockburn Lynn , Langlois Sylvia
Published: May 2019

Background.

The World Health Organization has identified occupational therapists as integral human resources on health care teams, yet in many contexts, occupational therapy services are not adequately provided. One example is occupational therapy in mental health care in Saskatchewan.

Purpose.

This study aimed to uncover what is known about the case of occupational therapy in the context of mental health services in Saskatchewan.

Method.

An instrumental case study design was employed, applying a critical interpretive approach and thematic analysis to examine 40 publicly available documents.

Findings.

Three main themes (with subthemes) were identified: access (representation, funding, rural communities), awareness (comprehension, value, collaboration), and advocacy (leadership, education).

Implications.

This study illuminates how restricted access to, limited awareness of, and ineffective advocacy for occupational therapy impacts mental health services in Saskatchewan and provides a replicable process for other contexts where occupational therapy is underrepresented.
Revolution from Below: Cleavage Displacement and the Collapse of Elite Politics in Bolivia
Authors: Faguet Jean-Paul
Published: May 2019

For fifty years, Bolivia’s political party system was a surprisingly robust component of an otherwise fragile democracy, withstanding coups, hyperinflation, guerrilla insurgencies, and economic chaos. Why did it suddenly collapse around 2002? This article offers a theoretical lens combining cleavage theory with Schattschneider’s concept of competitive dimensions for an empirical analysis of the structural and ideological characteristics of Bolivia’s party system from 1952 to 2010. Politics shifted from a conventional left-right axis of competition, unsuited to Bolivian society, to an ethnic/rural–cosmopolitan/urban axis closely aligned with its major social cleavage. That shift fatally undermined elite parties and facilitated the rise of structurally and ideologically distinct organizations, as well as a new indigenous political class, that transformed the country’s politics. Decentralization and political liberalization were the triggers that politicized Bolivia’s latent cleavage, sparking revolution from below. The article suggests a folk theorem of identitarian cleavage and outlines a mechanism linking deep social cleavage to sudden political change.
Bimodal behavior in fabric drying kinetics: An interpretation of modes
Authors: Hussan Jagir R , Roberts Paul , Hamilton Maree , Gerneke Dane , Hunter Peter J
Published: May 2019

Thermo-physiological comfort is an essential property attributed to fabrics. Perceived comfort can be related to the delay in the user experiencing the ambient conditions and the manner in which the fabric manages liquid water. A multitude of material characteristics, ranging from the surface chemistry of the fibers, yarn packing and knit geometry, affect perceived comfort. Standard measures of thermal and evaporative resistance characterize the fabric response at steady state and do not provide insight into the thermal/vapor balance kinetics under dynamic conditions. While investigating an existing dynamic test, International Organization for Standardization 13029:2012, for relating fabric properties to comfort, we observed that the fabric drying kinetics exhibited bimodal behavior. Here, we describe the mechanism that leads to the observed bimodal drying kinetics. While the standard measures the time taken to reach steady state, we use the power profile of the modes to derive quantitative metrics to characterize fabric properties. The derived metrics are based on the observation that the heat of wetting is nearly a constant for a given relative humidity for a material, and that the heat of sorption per unit of absorbed water is identical for a wide range of fabrics. The derived metrics distinguish different fiber types and fabric geometries. The proposed metrics are easily calculated from experimental observations without requiring any modification to the standard test.
Moral Hazard: It's the Supply Side, Stupid!
Authors: Kreier Rachel
Published: May 2019

In health care markets, moral hazard is conventionally viewed as a demand‐side phenomenon in which insurance causes patients to use more care because it reduces the price they have to pay for care. However, demand‐side moral hazard cannot explain why U.S. per capita health care costs are much higher than those of countries with universal coverage and lower out‐of‐pocket charges. Instead, blame rests with a phenomenon that may be called supply‐side moral hazard, which occurs when third‐party payment removes the constraints the demand curve would otherwise exert over the prices providers charge, and the quantity of expensive services they can sell. Public institutions are better positioned than private entities to address supply‐side moral hazard. This helps explain why the other wealthy democracies—both those with single‐payer systems, like Canada, and those with multipayer systems and all‐payer procedures for setting provider rates, like Germany and Switzerland—spend much less per capita than the United States. Although managed care achieved some success in controlling U.S. provider prices in the 1990s, in the longer term, it motivated increasing market concentration among providers, which vitiated cost control. Furthermore, managed care exacerbates inequity and complexity, problems that public price regulation avoids.
Measuring souls: Psychometry, female instruments, and subjective science, 1840–1910
Authors: Strang Cameron B
Published: May 2019

This essay focuses on the history of psychometry, the science of soul measuring. For its founder, Dr Joseph Rodes Buchanan, the soul was simultaneously an object for anthropological research and a measuring instrument capable of revealing human character, interpreting natural history, and demonstrating the reality of an immortal soul. Psychometry taught that human souls, especially those of women, were capable of acting as instruments because they could feel the mysterious energies that people and objects radiated. Although orthodox male scientists rejected the visions of sensitive women as the antithesis of reliable data, psychometric researchers believed that the feelings of women were both the instruments and information that made their science possible. Psychometry promised to revolutionize science by insisting that sympathy and subjectivity, not detachment and objectivity, ought to undergird research. Yet as male experimenters worked to prove psychometry’s effectiveness, they almost invariably cast themselves as detached observers accurately recording the data provided by their female instruments. Thus, despite pushing for scientific reform, the methods and discourse of male psychometric experimenters eroded their field’s core arguments about connectedness and subjectivity and, instead, reinforced the notion that detachment and objectivity were essential to legitimate science. Challenges to objectivity could prove just how thoroughly it dominated scientific discourse and practice. Still, some psychometers, particularly women who practiced at home, were untroubled by the fact that their research was predicated on subjective feelings, and psychometry remained a viable pursuit among spiritualists even as it faded from the realm of science. Psychometry emerged and, ultimately, fractured amid tensions between widespread enthusiasm for sciences that emphasized spiritual connectedness and the mounting pressure to legitimize scientific knowledge through the language and practices of objectivity.
Delaying Adoption Disclosure: A Survey of Late Discovery Adoptees
Authors: Baden Amanda L. , Shadel Doug , Morgan Ron , White Ebony E. , Harrington Elliotte S. , Christian Nicole , Bates Todd A.
Published: May 2019

Despite common recommendations from professionals that adoption disclosure should be done at early ages, reports suggest that a sizeable number of adult adoptees do not learn of their adoption status until older ages. The few studies that exist indicate that the late discovery of adoption is linked to psychological distress and feelings of anger, betrayal, depression, and anxiety. In this mixed-method study, 254 adult adoptees completed a survey consisting of the K10 (Kessler Distress Inventory) the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale–BREF, open-ended prompts, and demographic items. Results indicated that those who learned of their adoptions from age 3 and older reported more distress and lower life satisfaction when controlling for the amount of time adoptees have known of their adoption statuses and their use of coping strategies. Adoptees also indicated a desire for communicative openness and reported that beneficial coping methods included supportive relationships and seeking contact with birth relatives and other adoptees.
Investigation and treatment of pelvic vein reflux associated with varicose veins: Current views and practice of 100 UK vascular specialists
Authors: Campbell Bruce , Goodyear Stephen , Franklin Ian , Nyamekye Isaac , Poskitt Keith
Published: May 2019

Objective

Management of pelvic vein disorders possibly contributing to leg varicose veins remains variable and controversial. This survey investigated practice in the UK.

Methods

Email questionnaire to 328 members of the Vascular Society.

Results

One hundred and four (32%) questionnaires were returned. Of 100 respondents treating varicose veins, 9% do not recognise pelvic vein reflux and 11% never investigate or treat it. Indications for investigation include labial (94%) and buttock/upper thigh (70%) varicose veins: 46% use magnetic resonance venography and only 16% transvaginal duplex. Treatments used are coil embolization (89%), sclerotherapy via thigh veins (47%) and transcatheter sclerotherapy (26%). Thirty-four per cent treat only ovarian veins (not internal iliac tributaries). Follow-up is by clinical response (100%): only 14% use duplex. Only 5% treat >10 patients annually.

Conclusions

There is substantial variation in the management of pelvic vein reflux in the UK. There is need for further consensus and good clinical trial evidence to guide practice.
Failure of polyamide 12 notched samples manufactured by selective laser sintering
Authors: Crespo M , Gómez-del Río T , Rodríguez J
Published: May 2019

Fracture resistance of polyamide 12 was measured with tensile tests on notched specimens with different notch tip radii. The specimens were processed by additive manufacturing techniques, and the tests were carried out in two different orientations to evaluate the potential anisotropy of the material. Finite element analysis was performed to know the stress state of the whole specimen. Then, the failure of the specimens was described using the theory of critical distances. The influence of possible manufacturing defects in the material was incorporated using a probabilistic approach, associated with a Weibull distribution. A fractographic analysis of the post-mortem specimens allowed to identify those mechanisms responsible for the material failure in each orientation.
Analysis and Application of Log-Linear and Quantile Regression Models to Predict Bus Dwell Times
Authors: Glick Travis B. , Figliozzi Miguel A.
Published: May 2019

Understanding the key factors that contribute to transit travel times and travel-time variability is an essential part of transit planning and research. Delay that occurs when buses service bus stops, dwell time, is one of the main sources of travel-time variability and has therefore been the subject of ongoing research to identify and quantify its determinants. Previous research has focused on testing new variables using linear regressions that may be added to models to improve predictions. An important assumption of linear regression models used in past research efforts is homoscedasticity or the equal distribution of the residuals across all values of the predicted dwell times. The homoscedasticity assumption is usually violated in linear regression models of dwell time and this can lead to inconsistent and inefficient estimations of the independent variable coefficients. Log-linear models can sometimes correct for the lack of homoscedasticity, that is, for heteroscedasticity in the residual distribution. Quantile regressions, which predict the conditional quantiles, rather than the conditional mean, are non-parametric and therefore more robust estimators in the presence of heteroscedasticity. This research furthers the understanding of established dwell determinants using these novel approaches to estimate dwell and provides a relatively simple approach to improve existing models at bus stops with low average dwell times.
Novel and Practical Method to Quantify the Quality of Mobility: Mobility Energy Productivity Metric
Authors: Hou Yi , Garikapati Venu , Nag Ambarish , Young Stanley E. , Grushka Tom
Published: May 2019

Recent technology innovations are enabling fundamental improvements in mobility systems, including options for new travel modes, methods, and opportunities to connect people with goods, services, and employment. A desire to quantify and compare both existing and emerging transportation options motivated development of the mobility energy productivity (MEP) metric described here. The MEP metric fundamentally measures the potential of a city’s transportation system to connect a person to a variety of services and activities that define a high quality of life, relative to the convenience, cost, and energy needed to provide these connections. Fundamentally derived from accessibility theory, the MEP advances practice by using readily available travel time data (either from web-based application programming interfaces or outputs from an urban transportation model) combined with established parameters that reflect the energy intensity and cost of various travel modes, and relative frequency of activity engagement. The construction of the MEP metric allows for aggregation and disaggregation to the appropriate spatial, modal, and trip purpose resolution, as analysis needs dictate. The MEP could be used to compare alternative futures related to technology, infrastructure investment, or policy, providing a much-needed tool for planners, researchers, and analysts.
Deterring threats and settling scores: How coups influence respect for physical integrity rights
Authors: Curtice Travis B. , Arnon Daniel
Published: May 2019

Do coups affect patterns of political violence like violations of physical integrity rights? Do these patterns vary depending on whether coups succeed or fail? We argue that political uncertainty from coups decreases respect for physical integrity rights. Post-coup regimes preemptively repress as a show of strength to deter threats from those excluded from power and settle scores through cycles of retaliation. Additionally, we argue that the retaliation cycle of score settling will last longer after a failed coup because of informational problems that emerge when targeting opponents. Employing data on coups and physical integrity rights from 1980 to 2015, we find coup failure and success to be negatively associated with respect for physical integrity rights, and the cycle of retaliation lasts longer after failed coups.
Moving Forward: The Role of Marketing in Fostering Public Transport Usage
Authors: Gijsenberg Maarten J. , Verhoef Peter C.
Published: May 2019

To reduce traffic congestion and air pollution, public policy makers often try to stimulate the use of public transport, as it is a more sustainable alternative to traveling by car. This study therefore investigates the impact of firm-initiated marketing actions and traveler satisfaction on monthly cumulative traveled distance of a Western European railway firm, as well as possible effects of this cumulative traveled distance on satisfaction. Analysis of time-series data on traveled distance, advertising, promotions, and satisfaction using a vector autoregressive model with exogenous variables that accounts for seasonality, trending behavior, and gasoline prices reveals positive effects of advertising and promotions. Advertising elasticities are considerably smaller than meta-analytic values of brand-advertising elasticities. Similarly, promotion elasticities are lower than those frequently reported in marketing. The authors find no effect of satisfaction on traveled distance; however, they do find a negative effect of traveled distance on satisfaction, which could be explained by capacity constraints. The authors conclude that firm-initiated marketing actions are useful and effective in fostering public transport usage.
Gay Visibility and Disorganized and Strained Communities: A Community-Level Analysis of Anti-Gay Hate Crime in New York City
Authors: Mills Colleen E.
Published: May 2019

Recent years have seen increased attention to the problem of hate crime, including such crime motivated by anti-gay bias. Although there is a growing body of research regarding the context of hate crime offending, there is a relative dearth of work investigating the community-level context of anti-gay hate crime. The current study investigates the community-level determinants of anti-gay hate crime in New York City from 2006 to 2010, using data obtained from the New York Police Department (NYPD)’s Hate Crimes Task Force (HCTF), one of the nation’s leading hate crime police units. Using a framework drawing on group conflict and criminological theories, the current study examines anti-gay hate crime as an outcome of gay visibility, social disorganization, and economic strain. It is hypothesized that greater gay visibility, as well as social disorganization and poor and worsening economic conditions over time will be associated with increases in anti-gay hate crime. Results show that gay demographics, measured by static visibility and increasing gay populations over time, are shown to consistently predict higher levels of anti-gay hate crime. Adding to the generally mixed findings on the role of economic conditions in explaining hate crime, this study also finds that anti-gay hate crime occurs in more disadvantaged communities and communities marked by poorer economic conditions. The findings show anti-gay hate crime to be an outcome of gay visibility, disadvantage, and poor economic conditions, indicating that anti-gay crime may be an angry response to the strains present in the community. The study concludes with a discussion of the findings and implications for policy makers and practitioners.
Building Satisfaction and Loyalty During a Musical Benefit Event: A Consumer-Based Approach
Authors: Albouy Jeanne , Galan Jean-Philippe , Maubisson Laurent
Published: May 2019

This research addresses the respective importance of the charitable, experiential, and service-based dimensions associated with benefit concerts. Through a consumer-based approach, we examine the effects of three antecedents (charitable scope, immersion, and quality of service) on satisfaction and behavioral outcomes (loyalty and positive word-of-mouth). Data collected on site immediately after a charity concert are analyzed with structural equation modeling. The state of immersion and the event’s charitable scope enhance the overall satisfaction, which, in turn, fosters the behavioral outcomes. Direct effects are identified; satisfaction is influenced more by immersion, whereas behavioral outcomes depend more on charitable scope. The type of initial motivation moderates the findings: The quality of service enhances satisfaction only among attendees with other-focused motivation, immersion improves satisfaction if the motivation is self-focused, and charitable scope remains an important factor of satisfaction regardless of the type of motivation.
Active control of vehicle’s interior sound field by using multichannel H∞ robust controller
Authors: Ghanati Golsa , Azadi Shahram
Published: May 2019

The sound level inside an automobile cabin plays a major role in the passengers’ comfort. Active noise control has been widely used to reduce the sound level inside the car cabin. This article presents a design of an active and robust sound control system that can still be efficient despite the changes inside the passengers’ compartment caused by the movement of the occupants. Initially, the coupled acoustic structural analysis is done on a simplified model of an automobile cabin by using finite element and modal coupling methods. Then, the uncertainty of the sound field inside the car, due to the presence of the occupants and the displacement of their heads, is investigated. A multi input multi output robust feedback control strategy, using the H∞ method and considering the unstructured uncertainty of the acoustic structural system, is proposed to reduce the sound pressure level at the ears of all the occupants. In order to achieve performance targets in a broad bandwidth and to reduce the waterbed effect, an optimization is performed on the weight function coefficients. The results show that in the frequency range of 0–334 Hz, the controller has an acceptable performance which is robust to changes in the interior sound field.
Pregnancy outcome in women with active and inactive lupus nephritis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Attia D H , Mokbel A , Haggag H M , Naeem N
Published: May 2019

Several studies have emphasized poor pregnancy outcomes associated with active lupus nephritis at the onset of conception. A few controversial studies have compared pregnancy outcome in patients with inactive lupus nephritis at conception and those without a history of lupus nephritis. This study aimed to find out if quiescent lupus nephritis at the onset of conception carries an increased risk of pregnancy complications compared to pregnancies without a history of lupus nephritis. This is a prospective cohort study carried out at the Rheumatology/Obstetrics Conjoint Clinic of Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital between January 2006 and December 2017. A total of 119 pregnancies were included: 72 pregnancies in group I (with a history of lupus nephritis) and 47 pregnancies in group II (non-renal systemic lupus erythematosus). They were subjected to full history taking, monthly clinical examination and laboratory investigations. In total, 16 (22.2%) renal pregnancies had renal flares at the onset of conception. Maternal complications, specifically renal flares, were reported in 36 (50%) pregnancies in group I and 13 (27.7) pregnancies in group II, with a significant difference ( p = 0.015). No significant differences were found concerning the frequency of pregnancy-related maternal and fetal complications between the two groups. When data were re-analyzed after excluding patients experiencing renal flares during the 6 months preceding pregnancy, there were no significant differences regarding the frequency of maternal and fetal complications between renal and non-renal pregnancies. In conclusion, lupus nephritis, per se, is not a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome; rather, it is the lupus nephritis activity at the onset of pregnancy.
The different reinforcing behavior between siliceous earth nanoparticles and silica on natural rubber
Authors: Chen Jing , Chen Song , Gao Lijun , Pan RongKan , Wang Yun , Xie Mubiao , Zhong Jieping
Published: May 2019

The reinforcing behaviors of siliceous earth (SE) nanoparticles and silica on natural rubber (NR) were compared. SE employed in this work was formed by volcanic eruptions 100 million years ago and mainly consists of SiO2 (∼80%), Al2O3 (∼14%), and K2O (∼4%) and is composed of low quartz and illite in crystal structure and with a special flaky and laminated morphology. The effects of SE slurry with different filler loading of 30, 40, 50 per hundred parts of rubber (phr), and 40 phr silica(S-40) were investigated. Mechanical properties were measured, and the results show that 300% modulus, elongation at break, tensile, and tear strength of SE/NR are all higher than those of S-40. Combination results of tensile properties and rubber process analyzer (RPA), the rubber–filler interaction parameter (I) was calculated and the results show the value of I increase slightly with SE loading, while obviously higher than that of S-40. But the results of dynamic mechanical analysis and bound rubber content show that S-40 has obviously lower tan δ and higher bound rubber content, which indicate that there exists stronger rubber–filler interaction between silica and NR. The seemingly conflicting results imply that the effect of the two fillers on the NR network structure should be different. The special morphology of SE can help them to distribute more evenly in the NR matrix, making it less likely to form particle networks and providing very strong filler–rubber interaction, while showing higher average rubber–filler interaction and results in better mechanical properties of SE/NR composites.