bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APOSIOPESIS AND HIDDEN MEANINGS IN MEMOIR TEXTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MEMOIRS OF THE “SURVIVING DECEMBRIST” A. F. BAGGOVUT)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Institute of History of the RAS, Ilyin Pavel V.
Published: September 2024

The memoirs of General Alexander Fedorovich Baggovut (1806–1883), a nephew of the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 K. F. Baggovut and a veteran of military campaigns during the reign of Nicholas I, appeared on the pages of the “Russkaia Starina” journal by the will of the author after his death. The memoir notes begin with the episode of December 14, 1825, the description of which contains signs of omissions, deliberate concealment of facts and circumstances, from the author’s point of view, undesirable for revealing. The text includes signal words demonstrating the memoirist’s abandonment of description of certain episodes, assessments of actors, and autocharacteristics. At the same time, A. F. Baggovut did not hide the fact of his participation in the events of December 14 on the side of the Decembrist conspirators, which, given the career of the General, makes his notes a unique document containing the memoirist’s confession of involvement in the anti-autocratic action on the day of the accession of Nicholas I. The article, based on both the published text and the manuscript of the memoirs preserved in the archive of “Russkaia Starina”, analyzes the problem of the author’s concealment of inconvenient, undesirable (discreditable) facts and circumstances, which is important for the source analysis of memoirs; it also examines the methods used by the memoirist to avoid assessments of actors and events. Using the example of A. F. Baggovut’s memoirs, the article shows the ways of designating aposiopesis in memoir texts that touch upon politically acute circumstances from the past of their authors.
DYNAMICS OF NEOLITHIC CULTURES OF BAIKAL-YENISEI SIBERIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE STONE AGE OF NORTHERN ASIA AND NEIGHBORING TERRITORIES
Authors:   SRC “Baikal Region”, Irkutsk State University, Berdnikov Ivan M. , Sokolova Natalia B. ,   SRC “Baikal Region”, Irkutsk State University
Published: September 2024

Based on a comparative analysis of data from Northern Asia and parts of East Asia, the article discusses issues of the spread of hunter-gatherers and cultural dynamics in the Neolithic of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia (~8.6–5 ka cal BP), which at that time found itself literally “at the crossroads of the worlds”. According to the authors’ hypothesis, the settlement of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia in the Early Neolithic, starting from ~8.6 ka cal BP, came mainly from the east and southeast, that is, from the territories of Northern China and the Far East through Transbaikalia and Mongolia, as evidenced by the appearance of traditions of cord-impressed ceramics and “crouched” burials in the region. After ~7 ka cal BP, the appearance of hunter-gatherers who came from the west is noted. They settled in the north of the region, in the territory of Yakutia and southeast of Lake Baikal, and later probably took part in the formation of the Late Neolithic cultural model. The Middle Neolithic population, which was characterized by at least two pottery traditions (Ust-Belaya and Posolskaya), was displaced about 6 ka cal BP by new groups of hunter-gatherers, whom the Isakovo and Serovo complexes are associated with. The bearers of the Ust-Belaya pottery tradition, apparently, moved mainly in the direction of Western Siberia and the Trans-Urals, where ceramic types with similar characteristics appeared, and the Posolskaya tradition bearers — to Transbaikalia and Mongolia. The Late Neolithic populations, whose traces are lost after ~5 ka cal BP, could have been partially assimilated by a new population that appeared, as in the Early Neolithic, from the east and southeast, but perhaps a certain part of them moved to the more northern regions of Central Siberia, which are still poorly studied.
Personal Branding and Adolescent Self-Identity: Understanding the Role of First Accounts and Second Accounts in the Digital Context
Authors: Lia Yunikawati  , Phaulina Cindy , Fitria P. Della , Safira Prima Yuliani
Published: September 2024

Information systems. The advancing information technology also influences a person's lifestyle. One's lifestyle on social media and in the real world, as well as the social environment, play a significant role in shaping one's identity. This is also true for teenagers in Ponorogo. A positive social environment will create a positive personality, and vice versa. Peer influence, including friends and playmates, also shapes an individual's lifestyle. This is not much different from what happens to teenagers in SMA Negeri 2 Ponorogo. Social interaction factors can be a motive for teenagers to create a certain image of themselves. Some teenagers are even willing to change their original self-image on social media to be accepted within a friendship circle, using both first and second accounts. Therefore, this research needs to be conducted to understand the role of first and second accounts in strengthening teenagers' self-identity through personal branding built in the digital world. The research methods used in this study are qualitative and quantitative. Data is collected through questionnaires and explored further through interviews. The research findings show that teenagers from SMA Negeri 2 Ponorogo have two categorizations in their use of social media. Firstly, the first account is used as a means to build personal branding, taking into consideration others' perception and expression. Secondly, the second account is utilized to build a free personal branding that influences teenagers' self-identity in the digital world.
Analysis of Leadership Crisis Factors in Islamic Educational Institutions (Case Study at MAS Al-Washliyah Tanjung Tiram)
Authors: Cahaya Cahaya , Rusdi Muhammad , Damanik Muhammad Zein
Published: September 2024

MAS Al-Washliyah Tanjung Tiram as one of the long-established Islamic educational institutions in Batu Bara Regency faces serious challenges related to the effectiveness and quality of leadership in the school. The leadership crisis at MAS Al-Washliyah Tanjung Tiram is the result of a complex interaction between internal and external factors. To overcome this crisis, strategic steps are needed that involve improving leadership competencies, strengthening communication, and adapting to external changes. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the internal and external factors that caused the leadership crisis at MAS Al-Washliyah Tanjung Tiram, Batu Bara Regency. This research uses a type of qualitative research with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participative observation, and document analysis. The results showed that the internal factors that caused the leadership crisis at MAS Al-Washliyah Tanjung Tiram Batu Bara Regency included ineffective communication, lack of innovation and adaptation, problems in resource management, and lack of support and staff development. Meanwhile, from an external aspect, the causes of the leadership crisis at MAS Al-Washliyah Tanjung Tiram Batu Bara District are changes in government policy, economic pressure, competition with other educational institutions, and technological developments.
Implementation of the Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) Method for Selecting the Best Affiliate Marketing
Authors: Mubarok Wahib , Efendi Tino Feri , Rokhmah Siti
Published: September 2024

Background: Digital marketing has become crucial for companies to remain relevant and grow. One common marketing strategy used is through collaboration with affiliate marketing. However, many companies still need help selecting the best affiliate marketing, often relying on subjective approaches. Objective: This research aims to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) using the MAUT method to choose the best affiliate marketing in the digital marketing industry. Method: This research method involves applying the MAUT method to identify normalization value variations among affiliate marketing options, resulting in a ranking of affiliate marketers. Result: The results of this research show that Sugiharto, Rifan Jauhari, and Nina Dwi Lestari rank the highest, with respective preference values of 0.8750 and 0.8625. Conclusion: The developed DSS successfully manages affiliate marketing data, providing valuable information for decision-making processes. This study contributes significantly to data management and marketing and has potential applications in various business contexts.
Feasibility and Performance Evaluation of Microprocessor and Fuzzy Logic-Based Overcurrent Relay in Electrical Protection Systems
Authors: Parada D.P Bima Romadhon , Megawati Citra Dewi , Nurcahyo Eko , Hidayat Taufik , Setiawan Rachmadi , Latif Kurniadin Abd
Published: September 2024

This research focuses on the development and testing of a microprocessor-based Overcurrent Relay (OCR) with the implementation of fuzzy logic control for adaptive setting of TMS values. OCR is a crucial component in the electricity protection system which aims to detect and respond to disturbances due to excessive current, preventing damage to electrical equipment. The aim of this research is to test the feasibility and performance of microprocessor-based OCR with fuzzy logic control in setting TMS values, and compare it with the international standard IEC 60255. The method used in this research is the implementation of the Sugeno type fuzzy logic algorithm on the Atmega 328P microcontroller. This algorithm is used to control the TMS value based on the rotating frequency of the detected overcurrent. The results of this research are a characterization of the OCR response to variations in streaming current and different PS settings. The lowest TOp deviation was observed at higher PS settings, with the best performance in the IDMT OCR type. The use of fuzzy logic control is able to increase the OCR response to overcurrent disturbances, although under normal conditions it sometimes results in a longer TOp. The conclusion of this research is that microprocessor-based OCR with fuzzy logic control can provide protection performance that is adaptive and responsive to dynamic operational environmental conditions. This implementation has the potential to increase the efficiency and leakage of the electricity protection system
Temporal and morphological eruption characteristics of lava flows from the Holocene La Taza monogenetic cone obtained from petrology and LiDAR imagery (Michoacán, Mexico)
Authors: Lerner Geoffrey A , Siebe Claus , Ramírez-Uribe Israel , Fisher Christopher T.
Published: September 2024

The Holocene La Taza andesitic volcano is one of over 1000 volcanic centers located within the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field (MGVF) in central-western Mexico. La Taza (~8500–8200 yr BP) represents one possible eruption style within the field, with deposits indicating Strombolian activity followed by a series of lava flows. In our study, we reconstruct the eruption of La Taza through a combination of LiDAR mapping and petrological and geochemical analyses. LiDAR mapping combined with ground- truthing in the field allowed us to differentiate and determine the sequence of the volcano’s lava flows, revealing seven lava flows with a volume of ~0.6 km3. This morphological information was paired with geothermobarometers to estimate lava flow viscosities, mean effusion rates, and emplacement times, showing a likely duration of 1.1–4.3 years. Recreating this eruption contributes to the understanding of potential durations and lava flow rheology of future MGVF eruptions, crucial characteristics for hazard planning and mitigation.
Peran Orang Tua Karier dalam Penanaman Literasi Budaya pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun di Desa Kedungleper
Authors: Miranti Ayu , Zulfahmi Muhammad Nofan
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran orang tua karier dalam penanaman literasi budaya lokal pada anak usia 4-5 tahun di Desa Kedungleper serta korelasi pemahaman orang tua terhadap penanaman literasi budaya lokal. Mengingat Indonesia yang kaya akan keberagaman budaya, penting untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai budaya dan kewarganegaraan sejak dini guna membangun jati diri bangsa di tengah pengaruh global. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, melalui observasi dan wawancara dengan 5 orang tua karier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orang tua di Desa Kedungleper berupaya mengenalkan budaya lokal melalui berbagai cara seperti membaca, bernyanyi lagu daerah, dan bermain dengan alat-alat tradisional. 3 orang tua telah menerapkan literasi budaya lokal melalui alat musik gamelan, kendang, terbangan sedangkan 2 diantaranya juga mengenalkan alat musik gamelan dan melalui buku bergambar pakaian/rumah adat. Namun, peran ibu masih dominan dibandingkan ayah dalam mendukung literasi budaya anak. Kendala utama yang dihadapi adalah keterbatasan waktu orang tua karier, kurangnya fasilitas literasi di rumah, serta minimnya keterlibatan ayah dalam proses literasi. Penelitian ini menekankan perlunya sinergi antara sekolah dan keluarga dalam menanamkan literasi budaya lokal agar anak-anak tidak hanya mendapatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan membaca di sekolah, tetapi juga di rumah, yang pada akhirnya akan membangun minat dan kemampuan literasi mereka dengan lebih baik.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL CIRC ( COOMPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION) DALAM MENINGKATKAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Maghfiro Eka Marjiatul , Liansari Vevy
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi kurangnya minat baca peserta didik yang mengakibatkan rendahnya kemampuan membaca pemahaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan membaca peserta didik dan mendeskripsikan pengaruh metode CIRC dalam kemampuan membaca pemahaman. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan bentuk analisis eksperimen menggunakan desain one group pretest-posttest. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan adalah 15 peserta didik kelas IV SDN Glagaharum. Tes kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan soal esai berjumlah 5 soal pretes dan 5 soal posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai 2-Tailed bernilai 0,000 dari hasil one sampel T-test yaitu nilai Sig 0,000 < 0,05 maka H0 ditolak untuk Ha diterima. Dapat disimpulkan penggunaan model pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition dalam pembelajaran pemahaman membaca berdasarkan aktivitas peserta didik berada pada kategori sangat baik. Kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa dilihat dari hasil tes pada pembelajaran membaca pemahaman kelas lV di SDN Glagaharum mengalami peningkatan dari yang semula berada pada kategori kurang menjadi kategori baik. Kata kunci: Model CIRC, membaca pemahaman, pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
CAMPUR KODE DALAM PENGGUNAAN BAHASA MELAYU JAMBI DI PASAR RAKYAT MERLUNG KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG BARAT
Authors: Zusandra Chitra Mislina , Akhyaruddin Akhyaruddin , Yusra Hilman , Harahap Eddy Pahar
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat fenomena campur kode dalam penggunaaan bahasa Melayu Jambi di Pasar Rakyat Merlung Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, yang meliputi bentuk, fungsi dan bahasa yang menjadi penyumbang terjadinya campur kode. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data penelitian berasal dari percakapan lisan penjual dan pembeli di Pasar Rakyat Merlung. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui observasi, simak (sadap, catat, dan rekam), dan wawancara. Uji validitas data dilakukan menggunakan teknik triangulasi yang meliputi triangulasi sumber, triangulasi metode, dan triangulasi teori. Data dianalisis menggunakan teori Miles dan Huberman melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan 40 bentuk campur kode dalam penggunaan bahasa Melayu Jambi di Pasar Rakyat Merlung, yang terdiri dari 34 bentuk campur kode tataran kata dan 6 bentuk campur kode tataran frasa. Kedua bentuk campur kode yang ditemukan terdiri dari enam kategori, yaitu nomina, adjektiva, adverbia, verba, numeralia, dan pronomina. Lima fungsi campur kode di Pasar Rakyat Merlung, yaitu fungsi memberikan informasi, fungsi menegaskan, fungsi menghormati lawan tutur, fungsi menanyakan, dan fungsi persuasif. Bahasa etnis sumber penyumbang campur kode bersumber dari tiga bahasa, yaitu bahasa Jawa, bahasa Minang, dan bahasa Melayu Palembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kategori bentuk campur kode yang paling dominan adalah campur kode berkategori nomina yang berhubungan dengan kata sapaan, sedangkan fungsi campur kode yang paling dominan adalah fungsi memberikan informasi dan fungsi menegaskan. Adapun bahasa etnis paling dominan bercampur kode dengan bahasa Melayu Jambi adalah bahasa Jawa. Kata kunci: Campur kode, bahasa melayu jambi
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PENDEKATAN DIFERENSIASI
Authors: Ibrahim Soleh , Haerudin Haerudin
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) memberikan pemahaman kepada guru tentang konsep asesmen diagnostik dalam pembelajaran berbasis pendekatan berdiferensiasi, 2) memberikan pemahaman kepada guru tentang konsep pembelajaran berbasis pendekatan berdiferensiasi dalam kurikulum merdeka, dan 3) memberikan pemahaman kepada guru tentang langkah-langkah pembelajaran berbasis pendekatan diferensiasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian study kasus yang menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara kepada dua orang guru di jenjang SMP dan SMA. Penelitian ini didasari temuan adanya guru yang belum memahami konsep asesmen diagnostik, konsep pembelajaran berbasis pendekatan diferensiasi, dan langkah-langkah dalam pembelajaran berbasis pendekatan diferensiasi. Berdasarkan hasil temuan tersebut, peneliti memaparkan tentang konsep asesmen diagnostik, konsep pembelajaran berbasis pendekatan diferensiasi, dan langkah-langkah dalam pembelajaran diferensiasi. Kata Kunci: pembelajaran, pendekatan diferensiasi
TINDAKAN SOSIAL TOKOH ANINDIA DALAM NOVEL HOLD ON, IT HURTS KARYA NOVENI ADELIA: PERSPEKTIF MAX WEBER
Authors: Alifia Syifa Nur , Pauji Dicky Rachmat , Siregar Iskandarsyah
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk 1) Tindakan rasionalitas instrumental Anindia; 2) Tindakan rasionalitas berorientasi nilai Anindia; 3) Tindakan tradisional Anindia; dan 4) Tindakan afektif Anindia dalam novel Hold On, It Hurts karya Noveni Adelia menggunakan teori tindakan sosial perspektif Max Weber. Dalam penyajian penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dengan teknik baca dan catat untuk pengumpulan data serta analisis domain untuk analisis data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Tindakan afektif Anindia lebih ditonjolkan dalam novel; 2) Anindia lebih sering menggunakan ujaran berupa kalimat permintaan, pernyataan, dan pertanyaan sebagai alat untuk mencapai tujuan dalam tindakan rasionalitas instrumental; 3) Nilai moral lebih sering dijadikan titik tumpu Anindia dalam melakukan tindakan rasionalitas berorientasi nilai; 4) Tindakan tradisional yang dilakukan Anindia hanya diperlihatkan satu kali ketika Anindia merasa harus menjalankan kewajiban seorang istri; dan 5) Anindia lebih sering melakukan tindakan afektif yang disebabkan oleh perasaan marah yang memuncak. Kata kunci: Tindakan Sosial, Tokoh, Max Weber
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' ERRORS IN SOLVING PLANE GEOMETRY WORD PROBLEMS BASED ON NEWMAN’S ERROR ANALYSIS (NEA) METHOD
Authors: Syawali Dinda Sholehah , Mulyawati Ima
Published: September 2024

This study aims to apply Newman's Error Analysis (NEA) as a method for teaching students to identify mistakes they make when solving word problems involving plane geometry, identify factors that contribute to students' difficulty in understanding mathematical concepts while solving such problems, and determine appropriate strategies to address errors made by students in solving plane geometry word problems. The research used descriptive methodology and is classified as qualitative research. Data was obtained through tests and interviews conducted with four Grade IV students from a public elementary school in East Jakarta who participated in the study as respondents. The students' errors in solving plane geometry word problems using the NEA method were attributed to several factors: lack of attention during class, unawareness of the main issues in the problem, difficulty in selecting appropriate mathematical operations, challenges in executing calculation procedures accurately, and neglecting to review final answers. To address these errors, the research recommends providing practice questions ranging from easy to difficult, using teaching techniques and delivery methods that are easily understood by students, and using a variety of learning methods to accommodate different learning styles among students.Keywords: NEA, factors causing errors, error handling efforts
ÍNDICE DE MODERNIZAÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA: DINÂMICAS E DETERMINANTES NA AGRICULTURA PARAENSE
Authors: Saraiva Joyce dos Santos , Souza Caio Cezar Ferreira de , Lopes Maria Lúcia Bahia , Homma Alfredo Kingo Oyama , Costa Nilson Luiz , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos
Published: September 2024

Nem todas as regiões conseguem promover o seu desenvolvimento de forma duradoura e permanente, como é o caso do Estado do Pará. Diante disso, o presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar um diagnóstico do nível de modernização da agricultura das microrregiões paraenses, estimando o Índice de Modernização Agrícola (IMA) e seus fatores determinantes no período de 1995/1996 a 2017, através da aplicação de análise fatorial, que consiste em uma técnica estatística multivariada para averiguar padrões entre determinadas variáveis a fim de resumi-las em um número menor de fatores. Foi possível constatar que a evolução da modernização ocorreu em todas as microrregiões analisadas entre 1995/1996 e 2017, porém de forma heterogênea. Entre 1995/1996 a 2006 a ascensão ocorreu de forma mais significativa na porção Nordeste e Sudeste do estado, apoiada pela infraestrutura logística e pelo crescimento da produção de grãos, sobretudo na região de Paragominas. O Estado do Pará, ao longo dos anos, mesmo avançando significativamente no quesito modernização agrícola, ainda não tem conseguido promover o seu desenvolvimento de forma contínua e permanente para toda sua extensão, isso é refletido no alto coeficiente de variação resultante do IMA.
SANEAMENTO E SAÚDE: PANORAMA DOS SERVIÇOS DE ÁGUA E ESGOTO NO ESTADO DE RONDÔNIA
Authors: Moreira Roemir Peres Machado , Vale Jessica de Sousa , Lima Felipe Cordeiro de
Published: September 2024

A presente pesquisa embasa-se na coleta de dados no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2021, utilizando as informações contidas na plataforma do SNIS (Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento do Ministério das Cidades) e da AGEVISA (Agência Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde de Rondônia). Dentre as regiões do Brasil, o Norte apresenta os piores índices no contexto da universalização do acesso aos serviços de saneamento básico. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise da cobertura dos serviços de abastecimento de água e coleta de esgotos no Estado de Rondônia, relacionando a saúde da população mediante ao acesso a tais serviços. A análise realizada, revelou que nesta região apenas 57,5% possuíam atendimento regular dos serviços de abastecimento de água, 12,3% da população era contemplada pelo sistema de coleta de esgoto e, somente 22% de todo esgoto gerado dispunha de tratamento. Procedeu-se a análise para o Estado de Rondônia revelando que 46,93% da população dispunha de serviço regular de abastecimento de água tratada. Os indicadores para coleta de esgoto apontaram que somente 5,93% das pessoas tinham acesso à coleta de esgotos. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo explicitam a necessidade de políticas públicas direcionadas a garantia de serviços de saneamento para a população, especialmente porque investimentos nesta área previnem doenças e refletem positivamente na qualidade de vida da sociedade.
Cognitive performance in Mongolian patients after transient ischemic attack and the impact of vascular risk factors: a case-controlled study
Authors: Tsagaankhuu Delgermaa , Enkhtaivan Altanshagai , Guntev Tsagaankhuu
Published: September 2024

Cognitive impairment is a prevalent occurrence after a transient ischemic attack (TIA), but there is currently insufficient evidence to understand the impact of vascular risk factors (VRFs) on this event. We aimed to determine the occurrence of cognitive impairment following a TIA and to explore whether VRFs correlate with cognitive impairment. This hospital-based case-controlled study recruited patients with TIA aged 45 to 65 years without prior stroke or cognitive decline who underwent the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) within 3 months at the Mongolia-Japan Hospital between May and December 2023. Age (±1 year) and sex-matched controls were selected from outpatient departments. One hundred thirty-four patients (N=134) with TIA (61.2% women, mean age, 56.4±6.5 years) were included and compared with 134 controls (61.2% women, mean age, 56.1±6.4 years). Significant differences in MMSE scores were noted between the study groups, with mean scores of 26.32±2.23 for TIA patients and 27.99±1.94 for non-TIA subjects (p<0.0001). In the crude model, the presence of hypertension, a family history of myocardial infarction, hypercholesterinaemia, atrial fibrillation, and having three or more VRFs were all significantly associated with global cognitive performance on the MMSE (all p<0.05). When age, gender and education are controlled for, performance on the MMSE is uniquely accounted for by the presence of atrial fibrillation and having three or more VRFs (all p<0.05). Our results suggest that global cognitive impairment following a TIA may be linked to the number of VRFs in these individuals. This emphasises the importance of sustained management of VRFs beyond the recovery period to mitigate the risk of cognitive impairment.
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Smog Mitigation: A Comprehensive Analysis of Health, Economic, and Ecological Impacts
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan, Kousar Sajida , Ansar Aleena ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan, Kausar Nasreen , Freen Gul ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: September 2024

Smog is a significant threat in Pakistan, having become a persistent issue in recent years. Excessive industrialization, increased reliance on fossil fuels, and increased automobile emissions have all led to epidemic levels of air pollution. Smog, or air pollution, can pose significant risks to humans and plants due to its harmful effects. Air pollution contributes to global health issues, including lung, breathing, and skin ailments. Pakistan, an undeveloped nation, is grappling with the detrimental effects of smog on various sectors such as health, ecology, transportation, and education. This study aims to employ multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies to examine points of view on smog-related issues in Pakistan. The analysis will specifically concentrate on smog's health, economic, social, and ecological consequences, and the solutions employed to mitigate its effects. By employing various approaches, such as the Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) objective weighting technique to determine the weights of each criterion and select the essential criteria, in the best-worst technique, pair-wise comparisons are performed on the best and worst criteria that are selected through MEREC. We have created a designated consistency ratio for the BWM to assess the reliability of comparisons. Entropy is an objective weighting technique used to calculate the weights of the best and worst criteria, and we employ the TOPSIS technique to determine the suitable alternative from a collection of choices by evaluating their resemblance to an ideal answer.
Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Communication on Bias and Information Loss in Non-academic and Academic Writing Contexts
Authors: Towne Bryce Petofi
Published: September 2024

Background:Artificial Intelligence-Mediated Communication (AI-MC) has significantly impacted how texts are produced and perceived, yet further investigation is needed in its influence on bias and information loss in different writing contexts.Methods:This research comprised two studies: Study 1 (non-academic texts, N = 572) and Study 2 (academic texts, N = 420). Participants were randomly assigned to read either original or AI-refined texts by ChatGPT 4.0, Claude 3 Opus, or Gemini Advanced. We measured bias perception (on a 5-point Likert scale) and information loss (based on multiple-choice comprehension questions). Nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U) were conducted to compare differences between groups.Results:In non-academic contexts, ChatGPT 4.0 significantly reduced perceived emotional bias (p < .01) compared to the original texts, while Gemini Advanced slightly increased bias in certain emotional contexts (p < .05). However, none of the AI models produced significant differences in information loss (p < .05). In academic contexts, neither ChatGPT 4.0 nor Claude 3 Opus significantly altered bias perception or information loss (p < .05).Conclusions:These findings suggest that, while certain large language models may reduce perceived bias in non-academic writing, they do not substantially affect information loss across both non-academic and academic texts. The results support cautious integration of AI-mediated language editing in academic publishing, but further research is needed on the influence of AI-MC in diverse linguistic and cultural settings.
A Novel Method of Multi-hop Reasoning in Large Language Models by Pruning Toxic Model Knowledge
Authors: Corala Jayden , Roberts Liam , Martinez Aaliyah
Published: September 2024

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence have led to the widespread deployment of language models across various domains, from customer service to content generation, where the generation of accurate and ethically sound responses is paramount. Addressing the dual challenges of toxic content generation and the need for sophisticated reasoning, this research introduces a novel approach that integrates targeted pruning techniques to enhance multi-hop reasoning while simultaneously reducing the presence of toxic knowledge. By fine-tuning the pre-trained Llama model, the study explores how selective pruning of toxic pathways can improve the model's accuracy, response diversity, and robustness against adversarial prompts. The findings reveal that pruning not only mitigates harmful content but also significantly enhances the model's reasoning capabilities, demonstrating a meaningful reduction in Average Toxicity Score and an increase in Exact Match and F1 scores. Through a combination of empirical evaluations and robust analysis, the study provides evidence that strategic pruning serves as an effective tool for aligning the ethical and functional performance of language models. This research highlights the potential for pruning techniques to contribute to the development of more reliable, safe, and ethically aligned artificial intelligence systems, ensuring that they meet both societal standards and practical requirements in diverse applications.
The impact of polygenic risk, parental separation, and parental relationship discord on heavy episodic drinking across adolescence and young adulthood in a high-risk sample
Authors: Kuo Sally I , McCutcheon Vivia , Bucholz Kathleen , Dick Danielle , Aliev Fazil , Meyers Jacquelyn L , Brislin Sarah J , Chan Grace , Edenberg Howard J. , Kamarajan Chella , Kramer John , Kuperman Sam , Lai Dongbing , Plawecki Martin , Sartor Carolyn , Schuckit Marc A. , Salvatore Jessica E
Published: September 2024

Objective. Parental separation and parental relationship discord are cross-sectionally associated with alcohol use behaviors in youth and adults, but less is known about whether and how parental separation and discord are associated with the longitudinal course of alcohol misuse behaviors (i.e., trajectories), and how these family stressors interact with genetic predispositions. The purpose of this project was to examine how the longitudinal course of heavy episodic drinking across adolescence and young adulthood varied as a function of polygenic risk, parental separation, and parental relationship discord.Methods. Participants included genetically inferred continental groups of European (EA, N=1761) and African (AA, N=894) American from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) Prospective sample who were reassessed biennially (M = 4.65 assessments). Alcohol misuse was indexed by frequency of heavy episodic drinking during the past year. Predictors included parental separation, parental relationship discord, and problematic alcohol use polygenic scores (PGSPAU). Data were analyzed with linear mixed effects growth models. Results. Heavy episodic drinking frequency increased between adolescence and young adulthood and then decreased. Among EA participants, parental separation was associated with heavy episodic drinking intercepts, but was not related to linear slope or quadratic curvature of the course. Higher PGSPAU was associated with a faster initial growth and slower decline in the longitudinal course of heavy episodic drinking. Among AA participants, parental relationship discord was not associated with heavy episodic drinking at baseline but was associated with a faster initial growth and slower decline later on. No interaction was found between PGSPAU and parental separation and discord for predicting heavy episodic drinking trajectories in either EA or AA samples. Discussion. Genetic risk and exposure to parental separation and discord are associated with the course of heavy episodic drinking trajectories from adolescence through young adulthood, with some differences across continental groups.
The Effects of Organizational Communication, Quality of Work Life, and Work Environment on Improving Employee Performance
Authors: Oktafien Shinta , Santoso Anton Budi , Rahmayanti Rima , Qibtiyah Mariah Rabiatul
Published: September 2024

Human resources have a very important role in efforts to achieve the goals of an organization or company, both in small and large organizations or companies. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of effective organizational communication, quality of work life, and work environment on improving employee performance at PT. Astra Honda Motor Sampurna. The population in this study were all employees working in this company with the number of samples taken as many as the population of 32 people. Thus, the sampling technique used in this study was in the form of saturated sampling (census). Meanwhile, the research method used in this study is included in quantitative research, with data processing and analysis techniques in the form of multiple regression analysis. A brief conclusion from the results of this study shows that partially the quality of work life and work environment do not show a significant effect on employee performance, while organizational communication has a significant effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, organizational communication, quality of work life, and work environment simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance.
An Open-Source Delay Discounting Assessment Software: Development and Usability
Authors: Utsumi Daniel , Gasi Rogério Tavares , Miranda Monica , Querino Emanuel Henrique Gonçalves , Pompeia Sabine
Published: September 2024

Delay discounting (DD) describes the tendency of individuals to devalue the worth of a reward as a function of the delay in receiving it. DD is impaired in many clinical conditions, and changes across development. Many existing automated DD tasks are built on copyrighted software and primarily designed for English speakers, which hinders content editing and accessibility. Given this scenario, we had three objectives: 1) to develop an open-source DD software named the “Waiting Game” with a user interface (UI) which is easily editable (regarding language, reward type/magnitude and delay duration) via an Excel spreadsheet, and provides automated DD scoring; 2) to create a comprehensive manual (User Guide) to accompany the software; and 3) to assess the software's usability and the clarity of the manual through an online questionnaire completed by experts in cognitive assessment. The software was developed using game design and encompasses three tasks which assess DD under three conditions: 1) hypothetical delays (waiting is imagined) and no real rewards (only points) are gained); 2) real delays (waiting is necessary) and real rewards gained; and 3) real delays and hypothetical rewards. An expert evaluation using the System Usability Scale and the International Test Commission recommendations confirmed the software's suitability. Minor changes were made to the User Guide and UI based on the expert feedback. We conclude that the Waiting Game offers a valid, cost-free, and automated solution for DD assessment that facilitates reward and delay manipulations in hypothetical/real delay and reward paradigms across diverse sociocultural contexts.
Granularity of emotions in brain and behavior and resilience to childhood violence exposure
Authors: Weissman David G , Rubbani Shafi , DeCross Stephanie N. , Kasparek Steven William , McLaughlin Katie A
Published: September 2024

This study identified behavioral and neural indices of the specificity of emotion representations in adolescents’ brains and assessed their association with resilience to childhood violence exposure. Eighty 13-18-year-old adolescents with variable exposure to violence viewed emotion-eliciting videos and rated how angry, disgusted, sad, scared, and upset they felt. Sixty-nine participants viewed the same videos in the MRI scanner, once while labelling their emotions and once while counting the number of people. Emotion labelling (vs. counting) led to greater BOLD activation in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC). Based on representational similarity analysis, if two stimuli elicited more similar patterns of activation within mPFC and vlPFC, those stimuli had more similar emotion ratings, suggesting that encoding of emotion categories within these brain regions is reflected in their activation patterns. Moreover, emotion granularity measured behaviorally and the mean neural dissimilarity across all stimulus pairs for each participant each moderated the association between violence exposure and psychopathology, such that the association between violence exposure and psychopathology was weaker in those with greater granularity and dissimilarity. Emotion granularity may be a feature of adolescents’ brains that contributes to resilience. It therefore may serve as a target for preventative interventions.
Freedom for All? Populism and the Instrumental Support of Freedom of Speech
Authors: Stefanelli Alberto , Abts Koen , Meuleman Bart
Published: September 2024

Populists often cast themselves as unwavering defenders of free speech. In practice, however, they tend to apply free speech instrumentally, denying it to those who hold opposing political views. While existing research has primarily focused on populist individuals’ general commitment to democracy, little direct evidence exists on how they concretely understand and apply freedom of speech. Using an original survey question and a survey-embedded experiment, this paper examines how support for freedom of speech among populist individuals oscillates between normative principles and instrumental considerations. The findings indicate that those with stronger populist attitudes tend to support free speech in normative terms but are simultaneously inclined to restrict it when their ideological interests are at stake. This suggests that populists view democratic norms not as universal rights but as instrumental values that can be traded for political gain
The Geography of Immigrants in Same-Sex Couples in the United States
Authors: Hoffmann Nathan Isaac , Velasco Kristopher
Published: September 2024

Where do queer immigrants settle in the United States? The policy landscape for same-sex couples in the U.S. has changed rapidly in recent years, with immigrants being particularly affected. After the 2013 end of the Defense of Marriage Act, U.S. citizens could finally sponsor the visa of a same-sex partner, and number of immigrants in same-sex couples increased rapidly. But little is known about where these lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) immigrants choose to settle and enjoy their new rights. Do they behave more similarly to their straight immigrant counterparts and locate based on job opportunities and cost of living? Or do they gravitate toward more queer-friendly cities and states, as U.S.-born LGB people do? How have these patterns changed over time, especially in response to local policy changes relevant to queer people and immigrants? Using American Community Survey data from 2008-2022 and original datasets, this paper implements descriptive analyses and quasi-Poisson models to study how settlement patterns of immigrants in same-sex couples in the U.S. respond to local and national policy changes as well as other local sociodemographic and economic factors. We find that the distribution of immigrants in same-sex couples is expanding across the U.S. over time. These settlement patterns generally look more similar to fellow U.S.-born LGB Americans: locations with higher concentrations are more progressive, have more robust LGBTQ+ civic life, and have higher incomes. Yet immigrants in same-sex couples also live in more racially and ethnically diverse areas compared to U.S.-born Americans in same-sex couples. Our findings contribute to a fuller understanding of this rapidly growing population and under which conditions they may behave more similarly to their fellow migrants, their fellow sexual minorities, or as a distinct population all their own.
International Bibliographic Congresses
Authors: Lelikova Natalia
Published: September 2024

The article presents the IV International Bibliographic Congress, planned for September 2025 in Yakutsk (Russia), which will continue the tradition of similar great events held in Russia. First International Bibliography congress was held in 2010 in St. Petersburg, the second in 2015 in Moscow, and the third - in 2021 in Novosibirsk. It is shown that, by holding International Bibliographic Congresses, the Russian bibliographical community strives to achieve several goals: 1) identify cotemporary (at the time of the next congress) state of bibliography science and practice not only in Russia, but also in other countries of the world; 2) discuss the most pressing problems facing bibliographers; 3) outline the development of bibliographic activity for the near and distant future.
Ricardo Palma, liberal y político
Authors: VARILLAS MONTENEGRO ALBERTO
Published: September 2024

El presente ensayo nos muestra algunos de los momentos de la vida política del tradicionista, desde sus primeras simpatías y admiraciones a los caudillos militares, el periodismo político, las aventuras revolucionarias, la labor en la política activa y algunas breves irrupciones en estos predios luego de su retiro oficial en 1875. Asimismo, presentó algunos de las ideas liberales perseguidas por el autor de las Tradiciones peruanas a lo largo de su trayectoria vital en el siglo XIX.
Science, knowledge, and intellectual property: Ten years later. Part 2
Authors: Rubinstein А. Y. , Chukovskaya Е. E.
Published: September 2024

The second part of the article is devoted to some economic aspects of the activity of academic institutions involved not only in the production of knowledge, but also in its proliferation. The leading role in this process belongs to scientific journals, which represent the main channel of knowledge dissemination. The article substantiates the special type of costs of such journals, related to the payment of royalties as a fee for obtaining the rights to print and distribute the author’s texts in the form of journal articles, as well as a known part of the publisher’s costs due to the payment for reviewers’ labor, which is the most important element of journal production. It is shown that under the current conditions, journals, as a rule, do not have funds to pay for reviewing and royalties. Gradually, “free” assignment of copyright became the norm in the system of knowledge dissemination, with the negative consequences of the appearance of journals that charge authors for the publication of their texts. Taking this into account, the peculiarities of financing the production of knowledge, which acts as a public good, as well as the dissemination of knowledge in the form of journal publications, which requires public funding in the form of meritorious budget subsidies, are considered. The proposed recommendations apply not only to the state financing of production and dissemination of knowledge, but also to the implementation of the necessary institutional reforms to restore the status of the Russian Academy of Sciences as a self-governing organization of civil society with the return of all scientific institutions to its fold.
Modeling of pension income and expenditures based on the Verhulst equation and polynomial regression with demographic projections
Authors: Suo S. , Kostyrin E. V.
Published: September 2024

To calculate the demographic load factor in this work, the forecasting of the working-age population of Russia was carried using the polynomial regression equation of the fourth degree with an accuracy of 0.227% and forecasting the number of people older than working age using the Verhulst equation (prediction accuracy of 1.084%) for the period from 2023 to 2031 (9 years). An economic and mathematical model was developed for calculating pension income and expenses for the implementation of individual (personalized) pension accounts of citizens and a stress analysis of the model was carried out based on an assessment of the impact of the pension contribution rate, average monthly salary, average investment income rate for transactions with pension funds of citizens (rate of return) and growth rates salaries, ensuring a balance between pension income and pension expenses of citizens. The practical implementation of the developed economic and mathematical model shows that the minimum value of the rate of return, ensuring balance between pension income and pension expenses of citizens, is 1.408%. The minimum average monthly salary is 22,949.39 rubles; the contribution rate to the Pension fund is estimated at 18.813%.
ПЕНСІЙНЕ НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ ТА ОКРЕМИХ КРАЇНАХ ЄВРОПИ: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: КРУПА Олександр
Published: September 2024

Здійснено розподіл ряду європейських країн за показниками частки населення похилого віку. Досліджено показники використання мігрантів в якості робочої сили з метою зниження рівня пенсійного навантаження на економічно активних громадян. Проведено групування досліджуваних країн за показниками частки отримувачів пенсійних виплат у загальній структурі населення. Відзначено високу ефективність систем пенсійного забезпечення у Німеччині та Італії, вивчення досвіду яких необхідне в контексті оптимізації пенсійного навантаження в Україні.