bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital cultural heritage standards: from silo to semantic web
Authors: O’Neill Brenda , Stapleton Larry
Published: January 2022

This paper is a survey of standards being used in the domain of digital cultural heritage with focus on the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) created by the Library of Congress in the United States of America. The process of digitization of cultural heritage requires silo breaking in a number of areas—one area is that of academic disciplines to enable the performance of rich interdisciplinary work. This lays the foundation for the emancipation of the second form of silo which are the silos of knowledge, both traditional and born digital, held in individual institutions, such as galleries, libraries, archives and museums. Disciplinary silo breaking is the key to unlocking these institutional knowledge silos. Interdisciplinary teams, such as developers and librarians, work together to make the data accessible as open data on the “semantic web”. Description logic is the area of mathematics which underpins many ontology building applications today. Creating these ontologies requires a human–machine symbiosis. Currently in the cultural heritage domain, the institutions’ role is that of provider of this  open data to the national aggregator which in turn can make the data available to the trans-European aggregator known as Europeana. Current ingests to the aggregators are in the form of machine readable cataloguing metadata which is limited in the richness it provides to disparate object descriptions. METS can provide this richness.
Gorensteinness and iteration of Cox rings for Fano type varieties
Authors: Braun Lukas
Published: January 2022

We show that finitely generated Cox rings are Gorenstein. This leads to a refined characterization of varieties of Fano type: they are exactly those projective varieties with Gorenstein canonical quasicone Cox ring. We then show that for varieties of Fano type and Kawamata log terminal quasiconesX, iteration of Cox rings is finite with factorial master Cox ring. In particular, even if the class group has torsion, we can express suchXas quotients of a factorial canonical quasicone by a solvable reductive group.
Making a Difference: Planning for Engaged Participation in Environmental Research
Authors: Ferguson Daniel B. , Meadow Alison M. , Huntington Henry P.
Published: January 2022

Despite the rapid and accelerating rate of global environmental changes, too often research that has the potential to inform more sustainable futures remains disconnected from the context in which it could be used. Though transdisciplinary approaches (TDA) are known to overcome this disconnect, institutional barriers frequently prevent their deployment. Here we use insights from a qualitative comparative analysis of five case studies to develop a process for helping researchers and funders conceptualize and implement socially engaged research within existing institutional structures. The process we propose is meant to help researchers achieve societal as well as scientific outcomes relatively early in a project, as an end in itself or en route to greater engagement later. If projects that have a strong foundation of dialog and shared power wish to use TDA within current institutional and academic structures, we suggest that they focus on three process-based factors to increase their chances for success: (1) the maturity of relationships within a collaboration, (2) the level of context knowledge present within the collaborative team, and (3) the intensity of the engagement efforts within the project.
Cavity-dumped nanosecond Cr:LiSAF laser in the 985–1030 nm region for versatile seeding of Yb-based amplifiers
Authors: Demirbas Umit , Kärtner Franz X. , Pergament Mikhail
Published: January 2022

We report nanosecond (ns) cavity-dumped operation of a low-cost diode-pumped Cr:LiSAF laser around 1000 nm. The system is pumped with one 1-W single-emitter multimode diode at 665 nm. A Pockell cell (PC) and thin-film-polarizer (TFP) combination placed inside the cavity chops up an adjustable portion of the intracavity power and creates a variable time-dependent output coupler. Via adjusting the length and magnitude of the electrical signal going into the PC, output pulses with pulsewidths in the 2.5–500 ns range and with peak power levels above 10 W are generated at repetition rates up to 100 kHz. The central wavelength of the pulses could be smoothly tuned in the 985–1030 nm region, and is only limited by the anti-reflection coating bandwidth of the current PC and TFP. This versatile nanosecond source with 100 nJ level energies could serve as an attractive low-cost seed source for Yb-based amplifiers, including the cryogenic Yb:YLF systems.
Recurrence of postpartum hemorrhage, maternal and paternal contribution, and the effect of offspring birthweight and sex: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Linde Lorentz Erland , Ebbing Cathrine , Moster Dag , Kessler Jörg , Baghestan Elham , Gissler Mika , Rasmussen Svein
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study examines individual aggregation of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), paternal contribution and how offspring birthweight and sex influence recurrence of PPH. Further, we wanted to estimate the proportion of PPH cases attributable to a history of PPH or current birthweight.

Methods

We studied all singleton births in Norway from 1967 to 2017 using data from Norwegian medical and administrational registries. Subsequent births in the parents were linked. Multilevel logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PPH defined as blood loss > 500 ml, blood loss > 1500 ml, or the need for blood transfusion in parous women. Main exposures were previous PPH, high birthweight, and fetal sex. We calculated adjusted population attributable fractions for previous PPH and current high birthweight.

Results

Mothers with a history of PPH had three- and sixfold higher risks of PPH in their second and third deliveries, respectively (adjusted OR 2.9; 95% CI 2.9–3.0 and 6.0; 5.5–6.6). Severe PPH (> 1500 ml) had the highest risk of recurrence. The paternal contribution to recurrence of PPH in deliveries with two different mothers was weak, but significant. If the neonate was male, the risk of PPH was reduced. A history of PPH or birthweight ≥ 4000 g each accounted for 15% of the total number of PPH cases.

Conclusion

A history of PPH and current birthweight exerted strong effects at both the individual and population levels. Recurrence risk was highest for severe PPH. Occurrence and recurrence were lower in male fetuses, and the paternal influence was weak.
Group decision-making with Fermatean fuzzy soft expert knowledge
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Ali Ghous , Alcantud José Carlos R. , Riaz Aneesa
Published: January 2022

With the rapid growth of population, the global impact of solar technology is increasing by the day due to its advantages over other power production technologies. Demand for solar panel systems is soaring, thus provoking the arrival of many new manufacturers. Sale dealers or suppliers face an uncertain problem to choose the most adequate technological solution. To effectively address such kind of issues, in this paper we propose the Fermatean fuzzy soft expert set model by combining Fermatean fuzzy sets and soft expert sets. We describe this hybrid model with numerical examples. From a theoretical standpoint, we demonstrate some essential properties and define operations for this setting. They comprise the definitions of complement, union and intersection, the OR operation and the AND operation. Concerning practice in this new environment, we provide an algorithm for multi-criteria group decision making whose productiveness and authenticity is dutifully tested. We explore a practical application of this approach (that is, the selection of a suitable brand of solar panel system). Lastly, we give a comparison of our model with certain related mathematical tools, including fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy soft expert set models.
KnowMIS-ABSA: an overview and a reference model for applications of sentiment analysis and aspect-based sentiment analysis
Authors: D’Aniello Giuseppe , Gaeta Matteo , La Rocca Ilaria
Published: January 2022

The analysis of the opinions of customers and users has been always of great interest in supporting decision-making in many fields, especially in marketing. Sentiment analysis (SA) is the umbrella term for techniques and approaches that analyze user’s sentiments, emotions, opinions in text or other media. The need for a better understanding of these opinions paved the way to novel approaches that focus on the analysis of the sentiment related to specific features of a product, giving birth to the field of aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA). Although the increasing interest in this discipline, there is still confusion regarding the basic concepts of ABSA: terms like sentiment, affect, emotion, opinion, are used as synonyms while they represent different concepts. This often leads to an incorrect analysis of the users’ opinions.This work presents an overview of the state-of-the-art techniques and approaches for ABSA, highlighting the main critical issues related to current trends in this field. Following this analysis, a new reference model for SA and ABSA, namely the KnowMIS-ABSA model, is proposed. The model is grounded on the consideration that sentiment, affect, emotion and opinion are very different concepts and that it is profoundly wrong to use the same metric and the same technique to measure them. Accordingly, we argue that different tools and metrics should be adopted to measure each of the dimensions of an opinion. A qualitative case study, regarding product reviews, is proposed to motivate the advantages of the KnowMIS-ABSA model.
Applications and Challenges of GRACE and GRACE Follow-On Satellite Gravimetry
Authors: Chen Jianli , Cazenave Anny , Dahle Christoph , Llovel William , Panet Isabelle , Pfeffer Julia , Moreira Lorena
Published: January 2022

Time-variable gravity measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions have opened up a new avenue of opportunities for studying large-scale mass redistribution and transport in the Earth system. Over the past 19 years, GRACE/GRACE-FO time-variable gravity measurements have been widely used to study mass variations in different components of the Earth system, including the hydrosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and solid Earth, and significantly improved our understanding of long-term variability of the climate system. We carry out a comprehensive review of GRACE/GRACE-FO satellite gravimetry, time-variable gravity fields, data processing methods, and major applications in several different fields, including terrestrial water storage change, global ocean mass variation, ice sheets and glaciers mass balance, and deformation of the solid Earth. We discuss in detail several major challenges we need to face when using GRACE/GRACE-FO time-variable gravity measurements to study mass changes, and how we should address them. We also discuss the potential of satellite gravimetry in detecting gravitational changes that are believed to originate from the deep Earth. The extended record of GRACE/GRACE-FO gravity series, with expected continuous improvements in the coming years, will lead to a broader range of applications and improve our understanding of both climate change and the Earth system.
Shorter blooms expected with longer warm periods under climate change: an example from a shallow meso-eutrophic Mediterranean lake
Authors: Free Gary , Bresciani Mariano , Pinardi Monica , Peters Steef , Laanen Marnix , Padula Rosalba , Cingolani Alessandra , Charavgis Fedra , Giardino Claudia
Published: January 2022

Satellite data from the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) lakes project were used to examine the influence of climate on chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). Nonparametric multiplicative regression and machine learning were used to explain Chl-a concentration trend and dynamics. The main parameters of importance were seasonality, interannual variation, lake level, water temperature, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and antecedent rainfall. No evidence was found for an earlier onset of the summer phytoplankton bloom related to the earlier onset of warmer temperatures. Instead, a curvilinear relationship between Chl-a and the temperature length of season above 20°C (LOS) was found with longer periods of warmer temperature leading to blooms of shorter duration. We suggest that a longer period of warmer temperatures in the summer may result in earlier uptake of nutrients or increased calcite precipitation resulting in a shortening of the duration of phytoplankton blooms. The current scenario of increasing LOS of temperature with climate change may lead to an alteration of phytoplankton phenological cycles resulting in blooms of shorter duration in lakes where nutrients become limiting. Satellite-derived information on lake temperature and Chl-a concentration proved essential in detecting trends at appropriate resolution over time.
Mechanism of hopping conduction in Be–Fe–Al–Te–O semiconducting glasses and glass–ceramics
Authors: Wójcik Natalia A. , Tagiara Nagia S. , Möncke Doris , Kamitsos Efstratios I. , Ali Sharafat , Ryl Jacek , Barczyński Ryszard J.
Published: January 2022

Electrical properties of beryllium-alumino-tellurite glasses and glass–ceramics doped with iron ions were studied using impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity was measured over a wide frequency range from 10 mHz to 1 MHz and the temperature range from 213 to 473 K. The D.C. conductivity values showed a correlation with the Fe-ion concentration and ratio of iron ions on different valence states in the samples. On the basis of Jonscher universal dielectric response the temperature dependence of conductivity parameters were determined and compared to theoretical models collected by Elliott. In glasses, the conduction process was found to be due to the overlap polaron tunneling while in glass–ceramics the quantum mechanical tunneling between semiconducting crystallites of iron oxides is proposed. The D.C. conductivity was found not to follow Arrhenius relation. The Schnakenberg model was used to analyze the conductivity behavior and the polaron hopping energy and disorder energy were estimated. Additionally, the correlation between alumina dissolution and basicity of the melts was observed.
Social emotional ability development (SEAD): An integrated model of practical emotion-based competencies
Authors: Harris Victor W. , Anderson Jonathan , Visconti Brian
Published: January 2022

Social emotional abilities (i.e., specific skills), defined as the set of cognitive abilities, emotion-based knowledge, and behavioral competencies (i.e., skill levels) that facilitate adaptively employing prosocial processes and behaviors (i.e., “actions”), such as emotional regulation and sympathetic and empathetic response behaviors, is contemporarily modeled and measured as emotional intelligence. This conceptualization can be problematic, however, as the two concepts are not the same and traditional methods of measuring emotional intelligence can have limited practical utility. The social emotional ability development (SEAD) theoretical model introduced in this treatise represents a pragmatic and simplified approach to the development of social emotional ability and competency as abstracted from constructs of emotional intelligence, social intelligence, and sociocultural learning theory. Further, the SEAD model reaches beyond the individual as the unit of analysis to explore, conceptualize, differentiate, investigate, and define the hierarchal, bi-directional, and contextual nature of the dimensions of social emotional ability within close relationships. Implications for how the SEAD model can be used by researchers, practitioners, educators, individuals, families, and couples across a broad spectrum of domains and interventions are discussed.
Taking phenomenology beyond the first-person perspective: conceptual grounding in the collection and analysis of observational evidence
Authors: Klinke Marianne Elisabeth , Fernandez Anthony Vincent
Published: January 2022

Phenomenology has been adapted for use in qualitative health research, where it’s often used as a method for conducting interviews and analyzing interview data. But how can phenomenologists study subjects who cannot accurately reflect upon or report their own experiences, for instance, because of a psychiatric or neurological disorder? For conditions like these, qualitative researchers may gain more insight by conducting observational studies in lieu of, or in conjunction with, interviews. In this article, we introduce a phenomenological approach to conducting this kind of observational research. The approach relies on conceptual grounding to focus a study on specific aspects of the participants’ experiences. Moreover, the approach maintains the openness to novel discoveries that qualitative research requires while also providing a structured framework for data collection and analysis. To illustrate its practical application, we use examples of hemispatial neglect—a neurologic disorder in which patients characteristically lack awareness of their own illness and bodily capacities. However, the approach that we describe can be applied more broadly to the study of complex illness experiences and other experiential alterations.
Towards progressive regulatory approaches for agricultural applications of animal biotechnology
Authors: Hallerman Eric M. , Bredlau Justin P. , Camargo Luiz Sergio A. , Dagli Maria Lucia Zaidan , Karembu Margaret , Ngure Godfrey , Romero-Aldemita Rhodora , Rocha-Salavarrieta Pedro Jesús , Tizard Mark , Walton Mark , Wray-Cahen Diane
Published: January 2022

Traditional breeding techniques, applied incrementally over thousands of years, have yielded huge benefits in the characteristics of agricultural animals. This is a result of significant, measurable changes to the genomes of those animal species and breeds. Genome editing techniques may now be applied to achieve targeted DNA sequence alterations, with the potential to affect traits of interest to production of agricultural animals in just one generation. New opportunities arise to improve characteristics difficult to achieve or not amenable to traditional breeding, including disease resistance, and traits that can improve animal welfare, reduce environmental impact, or mitigate impacts of climate change. Countries and supranational institutions are in the process of defining regulatory approaches for genome edited animals and can benefit from sharing approaches and experiences to institute progressive policies in which regulatory oversight is scaled to the particular level of risk involved. To facilitate information sharing and discussion on animal biotechnology, an international community of researchers, developers, breeders, regulators, and communicators recently held a series of seven virtual workshop sessions on applications of biotechnology for animal agriculture, food and environmental safety assessment, regulatory approaches, and market and consumer acceptance. In this report, we summarize the topics presented in the workshop sessions, as well as discussions coming out of the breakout sessions. This is framed within the context of past and recent scientific and regulatory developments. This is a pivotal moment for determination of regulatory approaches and establishment of trust across the innovation through-chain, from researchers, developers, regulators, breeders, farmers through to consumers.
Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective carbonylation reactions
Authors: Peng Jin-Bao , Liu Xin-Lian , Li Lin , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: January 2022

Carbonylation, one of the most powerful approaches to the preparation of carbonylated compounds, has received significant attention from researchers active in various fields. Indeed, impressive progress has been made on this subject over the past few decades. Among the various types of carbonylation reactions, asymmetric carbonylation is a straightforward methodology for constructing chiral compounds. Although rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective hydroformylations have been discussed in several elegant reviews, a general review on palladium-catalyzed asymmetric carbonylations is still missing. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent achievements in palladium-catalyzed asymmetric carbonylation reactions. Notably, this review’s contents are categorized by reaction type.
Protective Factors for Decreasing Nicotine, Alcohol, and Cannabis Use Among Adolescents with a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
Authors: Afifi Tracie O. , Taillieu Tamara , Salmon Samantha , Stewart-Tufescu Ashley , Struck Shannon , Fortier Janique , MacMillan Harriet L. , Sareen Jitender , Tonmyr Lil , Katz Laurence Y.
Published: January 2022

Adolescents who have experienced adversity have an increased likelihood of using substances. This study examined if individual-, family-, school-, and community-level protective factors were associated with a decreased likelihood of substance use. Data from the Well-Being and Experiences Study (the WE Study) collected from 2017 to 2018 were used. The sample was adolescents aged 14 to 17 years (N = 1002) from Manitoba, Canada. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. The prevalence of past 30-day substance use was 20.5% among boys and 29.2% among girls. Substance use was greater among adolescent girls compared to boys. Protective factors associated with an increased likelihood of not using substances included knowing culture or language, being excited for the future, picturing the future, sleeping 8 to 10 h per night (unadjusted models only), participating in non-sport activity organized by the school, having a trusted adult in the family, frequent hugs from parent, parent saying “I love you” (unadjusted models only), eating dinner together every day, mother and father understanding adolescent’s worries and problems, being able to confide in mother and father, feeling close to other students at school, having a trusted adult at school, feeling a part of school, having a trusted adult in the community (unadjusted models only), volunteering once a week or more, and feeling motivated to help and improve one’s community. Knowledge of protective factors related to decreased odds of substance use may help inform strategies for preventing substance use and ways to foster resilience among adolescents.
Combining haptics and inertial motion capture to enhance remote control of a dual-arm robot
Authors: Girbés-Juan Vicent , Schettino Vinicius , Gracia Luis , Solanes J. Ernesto , Demiris Yiannis , Tornero Josep
Published: January 2022

High dexterity is required in tasks in which there is contact between objects, such as surface conditioning (wiping, polishing, scuffing, sanding, etc.), specially when the location of the objects involved is unknown or highly inaccurate because they are moving, like a car body in automotive industry lines. These applications require the human adaptability and the robot accuracy. However, sharing the same workspace is not possible in most cases due to safety issues. Hence, a multi-modal teleoperation system combining haptics and an inertial motion capture system is introduced in this work. The human operator gets the sense of touch thanks to haptic feedback, whereas using the motion capture device allows more naturalistic movements. Visual feedback assistance is also introduced to enhance immersion. A Baxter dual-arm robot is used to offer more flexibility and manoeuvrability, allowing to perform two independent operations simultaneously. Several tests have been carried out to assess the proposed system. As it is shown by the experimental results, the task duration is reduced and the overall performance improves thanks to the proposed teleoperation method.
High-resolution pressure transducer design and associated circuitry to build a network-ready smart sensor for distributed measurement in oil and gas production wells
Authors: Santos Edval J. P. , Silva Leonardo B. M.
Published: January 2022

Miniaturized single-mode thickness-shear pressure transducer combined with high-temperature SOI, silicon on insulator, integrated circuit technology is proposed as network-ready high-pressure high-resolution smart sensor for distributed data acquisition in oil and gas production wells. The transducer miniaturization is investigated with a full 3D computer model previously developed by the authors to assess the impact of intrinsic losses and various geometrical features on transducer performance. Over the last decades there has been a trend toward size reduction of high-resolution pressure transducer. The implemented model provides insight into the evolution of high-resolution pressure transducers from Hewlett-Packard™  to Quartzdyne™  and beyond. Distributed measurement in production oil wells in extreme harsh environment, such as found in the pre-salt layer, is an unsolved problem. The industry move toward electrified wells offers an opportunity for application of smart sensor technology and power line communications to achieve distributed high-resolution data acquisition.
Tight oil reservoir production characteristics developed by CO2 huff ‘n’ puff under well pattern conditions
Authors: Xia Zhizeng , Wang Xuewu , Xu Rui , Ren Weiwei
Published: January 2022

Tight oil reservoirs have poor physical properties, and the problems including rapid oil rate decline and low oil recovery degree are quite common after volume fracturing. To obtain a general understanding of tight oil reservoir production improvement by CO2 huff ‘n’ puff, the high-pressure physical properties of typical tight oil samples are measured. Combining the typical reservoir parameters, the production characteristics of the tight oil reservoir developed by the CO2 huff ‘n’ puff are numerically studied on the basis of highly fitted experimental results. The results show that: (1) during the natural depletion stage, the oil production rate decreases rapidly and the oil recovery degree is low because of the decrease in oil displacement energy and the increase in fluid seepage resistance. (2) CO2 huff ‘n’ puff can improve the development effect of tight oil reservoirs by supplementing reservoir energy and improving oil mobility, but the development effect gradually worsens with increasing cycle number. (3) The earlier the CO2 injection timing is, the better the development effect of the tight reservoir is, but the less sufficient natural energy utilization is. When carrying out CO2 stimulation, full use should be made of the natural energy, and the appropriate injection timing should be determined by comprehensively considering the formation-saturation pressure difference and oil production rate. The research results are helpful for strengthening the understanding of the production characteristics of tight oil reservoirs developed by CO2 huff ‘n’ puff.
The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis for the clay mineralogy studies in a clastic reservoir
Authors: Jozanikohan Golnaz , Abarghooei Mohsen Nosrati
Published: January 2022

The complete characteristics knowledge of clay minerals is necessary in the evaluation studies of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Ten samples taken from two wells in a heterogeneous clastic gas reservoir formation in NE Iran were selected to conduct the transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests for the clay mineralogy studies. The FTIR analysis showed that there were clear signs of clay minerals in all samples. The wavenumber region of the clay minerals in FTIR tests was detected to be 3621, 3432, 1034, and 515 cm−1 for illite, 3567, 3432, 1613, 1088, 990, 687, 651, and 515 cm−1 for magnesium-rich chlorite, 3700, 3621, 3432, 1034, 687, and 463 cm−1 for kaolinite, and 3567, 1088, 990, and 463 cm−1 for glauconite. After screening of samples by the FTIR method, the samples were then analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PXRD and SEM result showed illite was by far the most common clay present. Kaolinite, magnesium-rich chlorite, and traces of smectite and the mixed-layer clays of both the illite–smectite and chlorite-smectite types were also recognized. The combination of PXRD and WDXRF results could quantify the clay abundances in the each well too. It was concluded that the FTIR analysis successfully could show the absorption bonds of all constituent clays. However, the infrared absorption spectra of mixed-layer clays overlapped those of the respective constituents of each mixed-layer minerals. This can be considered as the evidence of the usefulness of FTIR technique in the screening of the samples for the clay mineralogy studies.
Representation of positive semidefinite elements as sum of squares in 2-dimensional local rings
Authors: Fernando José F.
Published: January 2022

A classical problem in real geometry concerns the representation of positive semidefinite elements of a ring A as sums of squares of elements of A. If A is an excellent ring of dimension $$\ge 3$$

≥
3

, it is already known that it contains positive semidefinite elements that cannot be represented as sums of squares in A. The one dimensional local case has been afforded by Scheiderer (mainly when its residue field is real closed). In this work we focus on the 2-dimensional case and determine (under some mild conditions) which local excellent henselian rings A of embedding dimension 3 have the property that every positive semidefinite element of A is a sum of squares of elements of A.
Cohomology of complements of toric arrangements associated with root systems
Authors: Bergvall Olof
Published: January 2022

We develop an algorithm for computing the cohomology of complements of toric arrangements. In the case a finite group $$\Gamma $$
Γ
is acting on the arrangement, the algorithm determines the cohomology groups as representations of $$\Gamma $$
Γ
. As an important application, we determine the cohomology groups of the complements of the toric arrangements associated with root systems of exceptional type as representations of the corresponding Weyl groups.
Influence of Gd3+ doping concentration on the properties of Na(Y,Gd)F4:Yb3+, Tm3+ upconverting nanoparticles and their long-term aging behavior
Authors: López de Guereñu Anna , Klier Dennis T. , Haubitz Toni , Kumke Michael U.
Published: January 2022

We present a systematic study on the properties of Na(Y,Gd)F4-based upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) doped with 18% Yb3+, 2% Tm3+, and the influence of Gd3+ (10–50 mol% Gd3+). UCNP were synthesized via the solvothermal method and had a range of diameters within 13 and 50 nm. Structural and photophysical changes were monitored for the UCNP samples after a 24-month incubation period in dry phase and further redispersion. Structural characterization was performed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the upconversion luminescence (UCL) studies were executed at various temperatures (from 4 to 295 K) using time-resolved and steady-state spectroscopy. An increase in the hexagonal lattice phase with the increase of Gd3+ content was found, although the cubic phase was prevalent in most samples. The Tm3+-luminescence intensity as well as the Tm3+-luminescence decay times peaked at the Gd3+ concentration of 30 mol%. Although the general upconverting luminescence properties of the nanoparticles were preserved, the 24-month incubation period lead to irreversible agglomeration of the UCNP and changes in luminescence band ratios and lifetimes.
Vertically Divergent Responses of SOC Decomposition to Soil Moisture in a Changing Climate
Authors: Pallandt Marleen , Ahrens Bernhard , Koirala Sujan , Lange Holger , Reichstein Markus , Schrumpf Marion , Zaehle Sönke
Published: January 2022

The role of soil moisture for organic matter decomposition rates remains poorly understood and underrepresented in Earth System Models (ESMs). We apply the Dual Arrhenius Michaelis‐Menten (DAMM) model to a selection of ESM soil temperature and moisture outputs to investigate their effects on decomposition rates, at different soil depths, for a historical period and a future climate period. Our key finding is that the inclusion of soil moisture controls has diverging effects on both the speed and direction of projected decomposition rates (up to ±20%), compared to a temperature‐only approach. In the top soil, the majority of these changes is driven by substrate availability. In deeper soil layers, oxygen availability plays a relatively stronger role. Owing to these different moisture controls along the soil depth, our study highlights the need for depth‐resolved inclusion of soil moisture effects on decomposition rates within ESMs. This is particularly important for C‐rich soils in regions which may be subject to strong future warming and vertically opposing moisture changes, such as the peat soils at northern high latitudes.
Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and target organ damage in children with essential hypertension
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Lin , Lin Yao , Zhang Mingming , Chen Fangfang , Li Aijie , Liu Yanyan
Published: January 2022

Researchers have shown that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D), a kind of active vitamin D in the human body, plays a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low serum 25(OH) D levels have been found to be associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) in adults. However, measurement of 25(OH) D in hypertensive children has not been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 25(OH) D and target organ damage (TOD) in children with essential hypertension. We recruited a total of 346 children with essential hypertension and analyzed the correlation between serum 25(OH) D and TOD. Serum 25(OH) D concentration was significantly lower in the TOD than in the no-TOD group (t = 2.416, P = 0.016), as well as significantly lower in the two-organ damage than in the single-organ damage group (t = 3.140, P = 0.002). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC) indicated that serum 25(OH) D levels were negatively correlated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI; r = −0.110, P = 0.041) and albuminuria (r = −0.120, P = 0.026). Linear- regression analysis showed that 25(OH) D was a risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH; β ± s.e. =−0.074 ± 0.036; 95% confidence interval [CI], − 0.145 to –0.003; P < 0.001) and renal damage (β ± s.e.= −0.018 ± 0.008; 95% CI, − 0.035 to –0.002; P = 0.004). In total, our data revealed that serum 25(OH) D was independently associated with hypertensive cardiac and renal damage, meaning that it was a risk factor for LVH and albuminuria in childhood hypertension.
Regulation of Src tumor activity by its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region
Authors: Aponte Emilie , Lafitte Marie , Sirvent Audrey , Simon Valérie , Barbery Maud , Fourgous Elise , Boublik Yvan , Maffei Mariano , Armand Florence , Hamelin Romain , Pannequin Julie , Fort Philippe , Pons Miquel , Roche Serge
Published: January 2022

The membrane-anchored Src tyrosine kinase is involved in numerous pathways and its deregulation is involved in human cancer. Our knowledge on Src regulation relies on crystallography, which revealed intramolecular interactions to control active Src conformations. However, Src contains a N-terminal intrinsically disordered unique domain (UD) whose function remains unclear. Using NMR, we reported that UD forms an intramolecular fuzzy complex involving a conserved region with lipid-binding capacity named Unique Lipid-Binding Region (ULBR), which could modulate Src membrane anchoring. Here we show that the ULBR is essential for Src’s oncogenic capacity. ULBR inactive mutations inhibited Src transforming activity in NIH3T3 cells and in human colon cancer cells. It also reduced Src-induced tumor development in nude mice. An intact ULBR was required for MAPK signaling without affecting Src kinase activity nor sub-cellular localization. Phospho-proteomic analyses revealed that, while not impacting on the global tyrosine phospho-proteome in colon cancer cells, this region modulates phosphorylation of specific membrane-localized tyrosine kinases needed for Src oncogenic signaling, including EPHA2 and Fyn. Collectively, this study reveals an important role of this intrinsically disordered region in malignant cell transformation and suggests a novel layer of Src regulation by this unique region via membrane substrate phosphorylation.
The histone demethylase Kdm6b regulates the maturation and cytotoxicity of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes
Authors: Zhang Haohao , Hu Yiming , Liu Dandan , Liu Zhi , Xie Ningxia , Liu Sanhong , Zhang Jie , Jiang Yuhang , Li Cuifeng , Wang Qi , Chen Xi , Ye Deji , Sun Donglin , Zhai Yujia , Yan Xinhui , Liu Yongzhong , Chen Charlie Degui , Huang Xingxu , Eugene Chin Y. , Shi Yufang , Wu Baojin , Zhang Xiaoren
Published: January 2022

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are distributed along the length of the intestine and are considered the frontline of immune surveillance. The precise molecular mechanisms, especially epigenetic regulation, of their development and function are poorly understood. The trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27Me3) is a kind of histone modifications and associated with gene repression. Kdm6b is an epigenetic enzyme responsible for the demethylation of H3K27Me3 and thus promotes gene expression. Here we identified Kdm6b as an important intracellular regulator of small intestinal IELs. Mice genetically deficient for Kdm6b showed greatly reduced numbers of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IELs. In the absence of Kdm6b, TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IELs exhibited increased apoptosis, disturbed maturation and a compromised capability to lyse target cells. Both IL-15 and Kdm6b-mediated demethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 are responsible for the maturation of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IELs through upregulating the expression of Gzmb and Fasl. In addition, Kdm6b also regulates the expression of the gut-homing molecule CCR9 by controlling H3K27Me3 level at its promoter. However, Kdm6b is dispensable for the reactivity of thymic precursors of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IELs (IELPs) to IL-15 and TGF-β. In conclusion, we showed that Kdm6b plays critical roles in the maturation and cytotoxic function of small intestinal TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IELs.
Site-specific ubiquitination of MLKL targets it to endosomes and targets Listeria and Yersinia to the lysosomes
Authors: Yoon Seongmin , Bogdanov Konstantin , Wallach David
Published: January 2022

Phosphorylation of the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) by the protein kinase RIPK3 targets MLKL to the cell membrane, where it triggers necroptotic cell death. We report that conjugation of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains to distinct lysine residues in the N-terminal HeLo domain of phosphorylated MLKL (facilitated by the ubiquitin ligase ITCH that binds MLKL via a WW domain) targets MLKL instead to endosomes. This results in the release of phosphorylated MLKL within extracellular vesicles. It also prompts enhanced endosomal trafficking of intracellular bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica to the lysosomes, resulting in decreased bacterial yield. Thus, MLKL can be directed by specific covalent modifications to differing subcellular sites, whence it signals either for cell death or for non-deadly defense mechanisms.
A series of POM compounds constructed using a flexible ligand containing three coordination groups: electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reduction and amperometric detection of Cr(vi)
Authors: Sun Chenxi , Zhang Yanping , Ying Jun , Jin Liang , Tian Aixiang , Wang Xiuli
Published: January 2022

Four polyoxometalate-based compounds can be used as electrocatalysts and electrochemical sensors for amperometric detection of NO2− and Cr(VI), and also have the performance of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI).
Optimal scheduling of reconfigurable microgrids incorporating the PEVs and uncertainty effects
Authors: Khorram‐Nia Reza , Bahmani‐Firouzi Bahman , Simab Mohsen
Published: January 2022

Here, an intelligent optimization method for optimal switching in reconfigurable microgrids is proposed to reduce the cost of microgrids with the presence of distributed generation resources and electrical vehicles. The suggested model deploys the point estimation to manage the uncertainties in the microgrid. The uncertainties are due to load demand, market price, electric vehicle charging and discharging, wind turbine production capacity and photovoltaic cells. The formulation structure is in the form of a nonlinear and single‐objective problem that minimizes the total microgrid asking price by observing the constraints in the problem. In this research, an improved algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem to advance the performance of the process. The capability and efficiency of the proposed method have been investigated on the IEEE 33‐Bus standard test network and the simulation results have shown that optimal switching can be useful in more fitting power distribution and reduction of microgrid cost with the presence of electric vehicle and various scattered products.
Fault detection and classification on insulated overhead conductors based on MCNN‐LSTM
Authors: Xi Yanhui , Tang Xin , Li Zewen , Shen Yin , Zeng Xiangjun
Published: January 2022

Insulated conductors are used widely in overhead power transmission due to the stability and reduced construction space. However, the ordinary protection devices are not able to detect the phase‐to‐ground faults without overcurrent. Insulated overhead conductor (IOC) faults are often accompanied by partial discharge (PD) phenomenon. Thus, PD monitoring and recognition plays an important role in evaluating the condition of insulation degradation or detecting power line faults. This paper presents a new approach based on a multi‐channel CNN‐LSTM (convolutional neural network, long short term memory) network for fault detection by determining whether there is local discharge phenomenon on the IOC, in which the three‐phase voltage signals are processed with FFT to obtain low frequency and high frequency components, and then the two components together with the original three‐phase signals are fed into three parallel CNNs having different filter lengths, and finally LSTM is used to compose those different‐scale features sequentially. Then, the fault types are determined according to the result of fault detection. This proposed method is tested on the ENET public data set with eight types of faults, and simulation results indicate that the method can improve the detection and classification accuracy of IOC faults compared with other classification methods.
Data‐driven optimal scheduling for underground space based integrated hydrogen energy system
Authors: Li Hengyi , Qin Boyu , Jiang Yu , Zhao Yuhang , Shi Wen
Published: January 2022

Integrated hydrogen energy systems (IHESs) have attracted extensive attention in mitigating climate problems. As a kind of large‐scale hydrogen storage device, underground hydrogen storage (UHS) can be introduced into IHES to balance the seasonal energy mismatch, while bringing challenges to optimal operation of IHES due to the complex geological structure and uncertain hydrodynamics. To address this problem, a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)‐based optimal scheduling method for underground space based IHES is proposed. The energy management problem is formulated as a Markov decision process to characterize the interaction between environmental states and policy. Based on DDPG theory, the actor‐critic structure is applied to approximate deterministic policy and actor‐value function. Through policy iteration and actor‐critic network training, the operation of UHS and other energy conversion devices can be adaptively optimised, which is driven by real‐time response data instead of accurate system models. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimal scheduling method and the benefits of underground space are verified through time‐domain simulations.
Individual-based Creatine Kinase Reference Values in Response to
Soccer Match-play
Authors: Ribeiro João , Gantois Petrus , Moreira Vitor , Miranda Francisco , Romano Nuno , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo
Published: January 2022

The aim of the present study was to determine the creatine kinase reference
limits for professional soccer players based on their own normal post-match
response. The creatine kinase concentration was analyzed in response to official
matches in 25 players throughout a 3-year period. Samples were obtained between
36–43 hours following 70 professional soccer matches and
corresponded to 19.1±12.1 [range: 6–49] samples per player.
Absolute reference limits were calculated as 2.5th and
97.5th percentile of the samples collected. Creatine kinase
values were also represented as a percentage change from the
individual’s season mean and represented by 90th,
95th and 97.5th percentiles. The absolute reference
limits for creatine kinase concentration calculated as 97.5th and
2.5th percentiles were 1480 U.L−1 and
115.8 U.L−1, respectively. The percentage change
from the individual’s season mean was 97.45±35.92% and
players were in the 90th, 95th and 97.5th
percentiles when the percentages of these differences were 50.01, 66.7, and
71.34% higher than player’s season mean response, respectively.
The data allowed us to determine whether the creatine kinase response is typical
or if it is indicative of a higher than normal creatine kinase elevation and
could be used as a practical guide for detection of muscle overload, following
professional soccer match-play.
The Reliability of the African Neuropsychology Battery in Persons of African Descent
Authors: Ikanga Jean , Basterfield Candice , Taiwo Zinat , Bragg Princess , Bartlett Alexandria , Howard Christopher , Robert Spencer , Stringer Anthony Y
Published: January 2022

Objective

The African Neuropsychology Battery (ANB) includes eight culturally appropriate cognitive tests developed for use in the Congo and other sub-Saharan African populations. The current study examines the reliability of the ANB in three samples of participants of African descent.

Methods

Subjects were recruited in the United States and the Congo to participate in three studies of ANB internal consistency reliability (Study 1), test–retest reliability (Study 2), and interrater reliability for the two ANB measures (i.e., Visuospatial Memory and Proverb Tests) requiring examiner ratings of response adequacy (Study 3). Subjects were administered ANB tests of visuospatial perception, language, memory, abstract reasoning, and problem solving. We calculated Cronbach’s alpha, corrected item-total correlations and mean inter-item correlations for internal consistency, Pearson product–moment correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients for test–retest reliability, and intraclass correlation coefficients for interrater reliability.

Results

The ANB tests had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alphas ranging from .37 to .93). Across subtests, test–retest reliability coefficients ranged from .39 to .91, and intraclass correlation stability coefficients (ICCs) ranged from .39 to .82. Of the two ANB tests requiring interrater reliability, only the Proverb Test had a low ICC of .13, (confidence intervals: −.29 to .52).

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated that most ANB tests show adequate reliability in participants of African descent. However, the scoring criteria of the African Proverb Test require revision in order to improve the interrater reliability of the measure.