bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USOS PRONOMINALES NO CANÓNICOS EN EL ESPAÑOL DE CHILE
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Contreras Lidia
Published: June 2022

Mediante este artículo la autora se propone informar acerca de los usos no canónicos (desde el punto de vista de la norma “oficial”) de los pronombres lo, la, los, las, le, les, en cuanto a género, número y caso, señalando, cada vez que le ha sido posible, las causas que a su juicio han podido dar origen a las formas resultantes.
ANÁLISIS CONTRASTIVO DEL ANGLICISMO LÉXICO EN EL DISCURSO ECONÓMICO SEMIESPECIALIZADO Y DE DIVULGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA DEL ESPAÑOL DE CHILE
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diéguez M. M. Isabel
Published: June 2022

En este artículo se exponen los principales resultados de una investigación contrastiva destinada a analizar el anglicismo léxico en dos modalidades del discurso económico del español de Chile: artículos semiespecializados y de divulgación científica. Para ello se han empleado criterios teóricos y metodológicos multidisciplinarios basados en la pragmática, la lingüística del texto, el análisis del discurso y la terminología. El análisis y la interpretación de los datos es de carácter descriptivo y funcional. Algunos datos analizados son: formas de plural, género, morfología, grado de asimilación, tipos de cotextos y alternancia anglicismo-equivalente. Asimismo, el análisis funcional ha permitido determinar el tipo de función discursiva y (o) subfunción textual de los anglicismos estudiados
SOBRE MI TRADUCCIÓN DE “SER Y TIEMPO”
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Rivera Jorge Eduardo
Published: June 2022

Este escrito pretende dos cosas: primero, desarrollar brevemente mi propia idea de lo que es traducir, y, segundo, explicar la solución que di a ciertos problemas que surgieron en mi traducción de la obra Ser y Tiempo de Heidegger.
TRADUCCIÓN Y MELANCOLÍA
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Oyarzún R. Pablo
Published: June 2022

En el contexto de una pregunta por el vínculo que pueda haber entre teoría de la traducción y teoría del sujeto (auxiliada tentativamente por el concepto de melancolía), este artículo ensaya algunas consideraciones que discuten sumariamente ciertas aporías y paradojas de la relación entre original y traducción y la problemática ecuación de traducción y lenguaje. Estas consideraciones sugieren, del lado de la traducción, la relevancia de una lógica de la repetición y, del lado del sujeto, la atención al acontecimiento de la desposesión en el acto de escritura, como claves, ambos, para el tratamiento del vínculo primeramente indicado
El "Chilidúgú" del padre Bernardo Havestadt. Introducción y selección
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Brañes María José
Published: June 2022

La obra Chilidúgú, sive Res Chilenses vel Descriptio Status tum Naturalis, tum Civilis, tum Moralis Regni Populique Chilensis […], escrita a mediados del siglo XVIII por el padre Bernardo Havestadt S.J., versa sobre el estudio de la lengua mapuche con el fin de transmitirla y ayudar a los misioneros en su trabajo de evangelización. Incluye elementos que no se limitan a la sola descripción, como, por ejemplo, canciones y un diario de viaje. A continuación ofrecemos una traducción de algunos fragmentos de la séptima parte del texto –el diario de viaje–, acompañada del original latino y precedida por una introducción a la obra y su contexto.
Un enfoque discursivo/textual para la enseñanza de idiomas
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Álvarez Gerardo
Published: June 2022

Sin dejar de lado la enseñanza del sistema de la lengua, en este artículo se insiste en la conveniencia de adoptar un enfoque discursivo/textual que considere el acto de lenguaje, por una parte, como un acto de enunciación con la debida atención al rol activo de los sujetos del discurso, y, por otra parte, como un acto de textualización que resulta en la construcción de un texto. Un enfoque discursivo/textual consiste en hacerse cargo de las características del proceso de enunciación en tanto que actividad de construcción de representaciones de los interlocutores y del mundo referencial, y de las regularidades textuales, en tanto que actividad de construcción del texto, según las diversas situaciones de comunicación.
"Libro segundo de las cartas de Horacio" Juan Cristóbal Romero (traductor)
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Álvarez Ignacio
Published: June 2022

Sin resumen
Scott Consigny: "Gorgias, sophist and artist"
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Ruiz Stull Miguel
Published: June 2022

Sin resumen
EDWARD SCHIAPPA Protagoras and Logos
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Ugalde Rother Benjamín
Published: June 2022

Sin resumen
LA TRADUCCIÓN DE LENGUAS INDOAMERICANAS. UNA PRIMERA MIRADA DESDE LA ARAUCANÍA
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Temuco (Chile), Garbarini Carmen Gloria
Published: June 2022

LA TRADUCCIÓN DE LENGUAS INDOAMERICANAS. UNA PRIMERA MIRADA DESDE LA ARAUCANÍA.
LOS TIPOS DE MOVIMIENTOS ARGUMENTATIVOS EN LA INTERACCIÓN ORAL EN LA CLASE DE LENGUA CASTELLANA Y COMUNICACIÓN
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), Herrera Salinas Jenny , Rodríguez G. Cinthia ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile)
Published: June 2022

En este estudio se analizan los ‘movimientos argumentativos’ (MA), según Gille (2001), que aparecen en la interacción oral argumentativa en diez clases de Lengua Castellana y Comunicación de tercer año medio. Estas clases fueron videograbadas en dos establecimientos educacionales de carácter particularsubvencionado: uno de la ciudad de Viña del Mar y otro perteneciente a la ciudad de Valparaíso, Chile. La aplicación de las once categorías propuestas por el autor a la trascripción de diálogos elaborados y espontáneos según temas controversiales ocurridos en el aula, permitió establecer a nivel general que los alumnos del colegio de Viña del Mar fueron los que, en mayor calidad y cantidad, utilizaron aquellos MA más relevantes desde el punto de vista argumentativo. Así, también fue posible observar, en ambos colegios, que el interlocutor inmediato de la argumentación es el profesor y no los compañeros que están participando, a pesar de que el docente se encuentre fuera de la discusión o debate. Lo anterior nos deja entrever la importancia de seguir estudiando la competencia argumentativa oral al interior del aula, ámbito poco explorado hasta hoy, sobre todo en su repercusión en las capacidades comunicativas y de pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes.
LA IDENTIDAD GRUPAL DESPLEGADA EN ALGUNOS ASPECTOS DE LOS SISTEMAS PRONOMINALES: LOS USOS DE LA SEGUNDA PERSONA EN LA CUMBIA VILLERA ARGENTINA
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), Miceli Jorge E.
Published: June 2022

En este artículo se muestra la forma en que la utilización de la segunda persona tiene un valor central en el modo en que el género musical argentino llamado “Cumbia Villera” establece una divisoria valorativamente no neutra entre propios y extraños. Partiendo de la distinción formulada por Teun Van Dijk entre endogrupo y exogrupo, y articulándola con la visión que tiene Michel Pécheux de la relación entre destinador y destinatario –concebida en términos de la ubicación de ambos en el seno de una formación discursiva imaginaria– se desarrolla, más allá de las variantes potenciales, el espectro amplio de relaciones reales entre estos términos. El resultado de esta perspectiva de análisis, lejos de mostrar y describir una única estrategia de posicionamiento frente al otro, muestra la riqueza y variedad de formas por las cuales la acción identitaria deja su huella en las expresiones discursivas, salvaguardando en todos los casos la imagen del grupo propio a expensas de aquello que sociológicamente le resulta ajeno.
LAS FUENTES LITERARIAS DE LA COMEDIA HUMANÍSTICA LATINA “BOPHILARIA”, DE EGIDIO GALLO
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Arbea Antonio
Published: June 2022

Los estudiosos coinciden en señalar que Plauto y Terencio fueron los modelos principales de la comedia humanística latina, a la que proporcionaron argumentos, esquemas, estructura y lengua. Está pendiente, sin embargo, establecer con exactitud y en detalle en qué medida esas fuentes antiguas determinaron el contenido y la forma de cada comedia humanística en particular. En este trabajo me propongo precisamente verificar la influencia que ejerció la antigua comedia romana sobre la comedia humanística latina Bophilaria (1505), de Egidio Gallo. Esta pieza, tras un examen pormenorizado de su texto, sorprendentemente aparece casi como un verdadero centón plautino.
FOKKE AKKERMAN Y PIEST STEENBAKKERS (EDS.) Spinoza to the letter: Studies in words, texts and books
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Eremiev Toro Boris
Published: June 2022

No contempla resumen
Representaciones mentales: discusión crítica del modelo de situación de Kintsch
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), Tijero Neyra Talía
Published: June 2022

Desde la revolución cognitiva, los estudiosos de la cognición no han dejado de preguntarse cómo es que los seres humanos se representan el conocimiento. Surge, así, el supuesto de las representaciones mentales que, con el correr del tiempo y según la disciplina en la que se proponen, han recibido distintos nombres, como “marco” (Minsky, 1974), “guión” (Schank y Abelson, 1987), “modelos mentales” (Johnson-Laird, 1990), entre otros. Los estudios de la comprensión textual no han sido ajenos a esta hipótesis de que los individuos construyen representaciones en sus mentes. En este marco, a fines del siglo XX, van Dijk y Kintsch (1983) proponen que los comprendedores (de textos orales como escritos) procesan la información textual a partir de tres niveles de representación: código de superficie, texto-base y modelo de situación (MS). El foco de interés de este artículo es el último nivel, ya que por su impacto y aceptación se ha convertido, junto con los otros dos niveles, en un “supuesto no controversial” (Graesser, Singer y Trabasso, 1994). Específicamente, discutimos críticamente la concepción de Kintsch (1988, 1998) respecto de este tipo de representación mental y su valor para los estudios de la comprensión. Para lograr este objetivo, revisamos el contexto de aparición de este constructo teórico para luego centrarnos en el tratamiento de esta representación mental en el modelo de construcciónintegración de Kintsch (1988, 1999). Finalmente, examinamos a la luz de diversos experimentos (McNamara, 2004; Zwaan y Taylor, 2006, entre otros) la validez psicológica de los MS, lo que permitirá reafirmar no solo su valor para los estudios de la comprensión textual sino también para la educación y, en general, para el estudio de la cognición (Kintsch, 2004).
Un diccionario enciclopédico y ontológico: el campo de la migración transnacional
Authors:   Universidad de Montreal (Canadà), Dancette Jeanne , Castrillón Rosa ,   Universidad de Montreal (Canadà)
Published: June 2022

Este artículo presenta un método de organización y de explotación de conocimientos que permite reunir en una obra terminológica multilingüe las ventajas de un diccionario enciclopédico y de una ontología. Para tal fin, se ha escogido el campo de la MIGRACIÓN TRANSNACIONAL. En la era de la globalización, este fenómeno ha alcanzado enormes proporciones: cerca de 240 millones de personas viven fuera de su país de origen, de las cuales cerca de 120 millones son trabajadores migrantes. Estos desplazamientos de trabajadores provienen generalmente de los países menos desarrollados lo que genera nuevas formas de explotación y causa problemas económicos, sociales, legales y humanos que los dispositivos de regulación laboral y social no logran resolver. Este artículo presenta igualmente los resultados preliminares de una investigación en el campo de la migración transnacional y de la globalización. Se ha escogido el artículo TRABAJADOR MIGRANTE para ilustrar el método de explotación y de gestión de la información utilizado en la elaboración del diccionario. Esta información ha sido extraída de los textos fundadores de los derechos de dichos trabajadores y se ha almacenado en una base de datos relacional donde una entidad reenvía a otra según la lógica ontológica (mediante la relación semántica identificada). El resultado de esta investigación será la producción de una base de conocimientos terminológica.
Los contactos lingüísticos y el español no estándar de Santiago de Cuba
Authors:   Universidad de La Habana (Cuba), Figueroa Arencibia Vicente Jesús
Published: June 2022

Este artículo entrega los resultados obtenidos en un trabajo de campo realizado en Santiago de Cuba y se propone mostrar el papel desempeñado principalmente por las lenguas bantúes y el criollo haitiano en la aceleración de determinadas tendencias lingüísticas provenientes del mediodía peninsular en el español no estándar santiaguero
El poder del discurso y el discurso del poder. Entrevista a Teun A. van Dijk
Authors:   Universidad del Tolima (Colombia), Londoño Zapata Óscar Iván
Published: June 2022

NO PRESENTA RESUMEN
Encuentros orales con fines de estudio: gestión interrelacional en la construcción de imagen
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Montecino Soto Lésmer
Published: June 2022

Una forma de acceder al conocimiento disciplinar en el ámbito académico es a través del estudio en grupo. Esta interacción con una agenda delimitada por la naturaleza de la tarea implica desplegar recursos de gestión interrelacional con el fin de co-construir tanto el significado, cuya negociación apunta al conocimiento disciplinar, como la imagen discursiva en términos relacionales. De acuerdo con lo anterior, en este artículo pretendemos describir algunas estrategias de gestión interrelacional por medio de un microanálisis que permita dar cuenta de los recursos lingüísticos desplegados por los participantes en encuentros orales con fines de estudio para conseguir el cumplimiento de propósitos personales y colectivos. De un total de doce encuentros videograbados, con una duración aproximada de 24 horas en total, hemos seleccionado episodios solo de uno. Aplicando una metodología cualitativa, los datos muestran que tanto una gestión interrelacional positiva (cortés) como negativa (descortés), utilizadas estratégicamente, pueden conducir al logro de un objetivo tanto individual como colectivo
Diagnosing a Challenging Case of Primary Amyloidosis using Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Verma Rashmi , Saijpaul Rajni , Garg Surbhi , Jain Niharika , Batra Vineeta V
Published: June 2022

Amyloid Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is characterised by deposition of intact free light chains or their fragments in extracellular space. Here, authors describe the journey of a diagnostically challenging patient who presented with features of nephrotic syndrome and was finally diagnosed with AL amyloidosis. A 45-year-old female presented to the Outpatient Department (OPD) with gradually progressive generalised body swelling. On examination, hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly and macroglossia were observed. Renal biopsy, capillary serum protein electrophoresis, immunotyping and serum free light chain assay were performed along with routine blood and urine investigations to detect the presence of monoclonal protein. Bone marrow biopsy was conducted for confirmation of diagnosis. Proteinuria with hypoalbuminaemia 1.8 g/dL was detected during routine investigations. Renal biopsy showed presence of amyloid deposits in glomerular mesangium and walls of medium sized blood vessels which tested positive for Immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, kappa and lambda chains on immune florescence. Serum protein capillary electrophoresis findings demonstrated increase in beta 2 fraction and distortion in gamma region. Immuno typing showed presence of monoclonal IgA heavy chains and lambda light chains. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed presence of plasma cell dyscrasia. Based on these findings authors concluded that capillary gel electrophoresis is more sensitive method than agarose gel electrophoresis in detecting beta migrating monoclonal proteins.
Association of Inflammatory Biomarkers with COVID-19 Disease Severity at Tertiary Care Hospital, Mumbai, India
Authors: Ramteke Trupti , Maksane Shalini , Chalak Anita
Published: June 2022

Introduction: After originating from China in 2019, the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has badly affected most of the world and now India is witnessing second wave of COVID-19 cases posing a severe threat to public health in the country. The single-stranded Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) virus belongs to beta coronavirus family and is defined as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The inflammatory response caused by COVID-19 infection can play a critical role in progression of disease to severe level. Aim: This study aimed to explore the association of inflammatory biomarkers with COVID-19 disease severity. Materials and Methods: In this single centre retrospective observational study, 103 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included and divided into non severe and severe groups based upon their clinical features. Information about age, gender, co- morbidity and inflammatory biomarkers (serum interleukin-6, serum ferritin and plasma D-dimer) was collected for patients admitted between 1st June 2020 to 30th June 2020. The study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Seth GS Medical College and King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Comparison of biochemical parameters between non severe and severe group was done using independent t-test and correlation analysis was done using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: Out of total 103 patients, 67 (65%) had one or more co-morbidities. Total 53 (51.4%) patients were on various types of oxygen support. Mean serum IL-6, serum ferritin and plasma D-dimer levels were significantly higher in severe COVID-19 group (IL-6-1561.0±6015.0, ferritin- 2386±5051, and D-dimer- 4.1±4.4) (p<0.0001) compared to non severe COVID-19 group (IL-6-26.7±46.6, ferritin- 513.0±419.9, and D-dimer-1.1±1.4). The best cut-off point for serum IL-6 was 20.2 pg/mL; sensitivity 91% and specificity 70.2%). For serum ferritin best cut-off point was 566.5 ng/mL; sensitivity 78.5% and specificity 70.2%. For plasma D-dimer best cut-off point was 0.9 pg/mL; sensitivity 72.2% and specificity 70.2%. Conclusion: Serum IL-6, serum ferritin and plasma D-dimer can be helpful in monitoring of COVID-19 patients for early identification of severe cases and reducing mortality.
Appraisal of Soil Physical Properties and Preparation of Soil Variability Maps of Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj-Kota
Authors: Bhil Kamlesh , Sharma M. K. , Yadav Rajendra Kumar , Meena B. S. , Meena Neha , Danga Narendra , Meena Rajesh
Published: June 2022

Aim: The soils of various fields of Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj-Kota were collected and analyzed for the physical properties viz. soil colour, texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity and water holding capacity. The soil maps were prepared with the help of GIS software using geo-statistical analysis

Study Design:  Soil sampling, soil analysis and soil mapping.

Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj-Kota in 2019 and 2020

Methodology: Total 300 Geo-referenced surface (0-15 cm) soil samples collected. The bulk density of the soils ranged from 1.25 to 1.57 Mg m-3 (mean value 1.43 Mg m-3), particle density ranged from 2.57 to 2.71 Mg m-3 (mean value 2.68 Mg m-3) and the porosity of the soils ranged from 41.42 to 51.92% (mean value of 46.42%). Water holding capacity of the soils ranged from 35.11-52.46% (mean value of 44.31%). Soil colour of the different field soils were brown, dark brown, dark gray, very dark gray, and black.

Results: According to soil analysis data and soil variability maps field no. 14 was best in physical properties like bulk density (1.37 Mg m-3), particle density ( 2.62Mg m-3)  and water holding capacity (49.02%) as compared to other fields of ARS, Ummedganj, Kota.

Conclusion: Field  no. 14 was best in physical properties like BD, PD, Porosity and WHC as compared to other fields because organic farming practices leads to increase soil organic matter which have positive relation with physical property of the soil.
Some Aspects of Life for Egg Parasite Pseudoligosita babylonica Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Al-Shammary Nidaa Saud , Manjy Mohammed Shakir
Published: June 2022

Due to the importance of egg parasitoids inthe natural and biological control of economically important insects, including egg parasitoid Pseudoligositaba bylonica Viggiani on dubas bug, the spread of the parasitoid and population distribution of parasitoid, In order to estimate the role of parasitoid as one of the biological factors in decreasing population density of dubas bug on date palm. Some aspects of the life of parasitoids were also studied, including the role of insect parasitoids in organizing the population of their families, geographical distribution and hosts range of genus Pseudoligosita, seasonal presence of parasitoid Pseudoligositaba bylonica Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) , life studies and percentages of parasitism, chemical control, and its negative effects on the side-infested insect parasitoids.
Radio Wave Propagation in a Forested Channel
Authors: Adegoke A. S. , Okpeki U. K. , Green O.
Published: June 2022

The appearance of vegetation along radio communication channel can significantly reduce quality of propagating signal. Hence, the need for wireless signal operators to understand the characteristic of channel components for effective radio planning and deployment.

This paper has investigated the influence of vegetative channel on wireless signals and examined the dependence of signal loss on path geometry. Measurements were conducted in a sort-depth forest (at SHF frequencies) following two different paths (paths 1 & 2) within the woodland. The experimentation was conducted in autumn and summer so as to determine likely seasonal effect on losses along different path geometries.

Results show decay in signal level as the depth of penetration increases which also varies from path to path. These (results) were later compared with standard empirical models MED, FITUR and COST 235 and it shows a statistical adherence with only one of the models, the MED.

It is therefore imperative that for effective signal deployment devoid of significant impairment, wireless network operators must take cognisance of the channel characteristics and path geometries in order to guarantee proper planning, modeling and deployment.
Relationship between Poor Quality Sleep during Ramadan and Academic Performance among Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Dighriri Ibrahim M. , Madkhali Abdulmajeed A. , Alrabghi Khawlah K. , Almofrh Naif , Alqurashi Khalid A. , Aljuaid Nouf S. , Alqurashi Ghadeer B. , Almalki Marwah Kh. , Alnami Shatha A , Mahzari Yahya A. , Mashraqi Zamzam O. , Albuheiri Aishah H. , Alqurashi Salih H. , Alhazmy Mona Y. , Albeladi Fatimah H.
Published: June 2022

Adequate sleep is essential for improving cognitive function, memory retention, and academic performance. During Ramadan, many students suffer with the changes in mealtimes that lead to variations in caloric and nutrient intake and affect sleep quality. Disturbed and poor sleep results in decreased academic performance and impaired judgment. This study aim was to assess the relationship between poor quality sleep during Ramadan and academic performance among students in Saudi Arabia. It also provided suggested strategies to improve students’ sleep quality and academic performance. It was a cross-sectional study, which was conducted by using an online questionnaire from April to May 2022. The questionnaire consisted of two components. The first portion contained demographic data, such as gender, age, and academic performance. The second section was devoted to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Study participants were students of both genders aged 18 and older. The survey was completed by 583 students, of whom 364 (62.4%) were female and only 219 (37.6%) were male. Almost all the participants were aged between 21–23 years. Four hundred and eight (70.0%) were single. The results of the PSQI overall score were that 460 students (78.9%) had poor sleep quality, whereas 123 (21.1%) had good sleep quality. Most of the students with poor academic performance had very bad sleep quality (45%), sleep latency of more than one hour (41.4%), sleep duration < 5 hours (43.2%), and sleep efficiency of <65% (52.3%). The majority of these students had sleep disturbances three or more times a week (43.2%), and they suffered dysfunction every day (43.2%). The results revealed an association between all the PSQI components and academic performance (p < 0.05) except sleep duration. The majority of students had poor sleep quality in Ramadan. We would recommend that students be made aware of the impact of poor sleep habits on academic performance, that students are taught skills, such as how to manage their time well and how to get a good night's sleep, and suggest that universities change the time that students study during Ramadan to fit their abilities.
RNA polymerase I inhibition induces terminal differentiation, growth arrest, and vulnerability to senolytics in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Otto Christoph , Kastner Carolin , Schmidt Stefanie , Uttinger Konstantin , Baluapuri Apoorva , Denk Sarah , Rosenfeldt Mathias T. , Rosenwald Andreas , Roehrig Florian , Ade Carsten P. , Schuelein‐Voelk Christina , Diefenbacher Markus E. , Germer Christoph‐Thomas , Wolf Elmar , Eilers Martin , Wiegering Armin
Published: June 2022

Ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis are deregulated in most cancers, suggesting that interfering with translation machinery may hold significant therapeutic potential. Here, we show that loss of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), which constitutes the initiating event in the adenoma carcinoma sequence for colorectal cancer (CRC), induces the expression of RNA polymerase I (RNAPOL1) transcription machinery, and subsequently upregulates ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription. Targeting RNAPOL1 with a specific inhibitor, CX5461, disrupts nucleolar integrity, and induces a disbalance of ribosomal proteins. Surprisingly, CX5461‐induced growth arrest is irreversible and exhibits features of senescence and terminal differentiation. Mechanistically, CX5461 promotes differentiation in an MYC‐interacting zinc‐finger protein 1 (MIZ1)‐ and retinoblastoma protein (Rb)‐dependent manner. In addition, the inhibition of RNAPOL1 renders CRC cells vulnerable towards senolytic agents. We validated this therapeutic effect of CX5461 in murine‐ and patient‐derived organoids, and in a xenograft mouse model. These results show that targeting ribosomal biogenesis together with targeting the consecutive, senescent phenotype using approved drugs is a new therapeutic approach, which can rapidly be transferred from bench to bedside.
MnO2 Polymorphs as Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Ca‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zuo Chunli , Xiong Fangyu , Wang Junjun , An Yongkang , Zhang Lei , An Qinyou
Published: June 2022

Calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs) have attracted extensive interest for energy storage due to the high operating potentials and the abundant resources of calcium. However, the application of CIBs has been limited by the absence of high‐voltage and high‐performance cathode materials. Herein, for the first time, four kinds of MnO2 polymorphs (α, β, γ, and δ‐phase) as cathode materials for CIBs are reported, and the δ‐MnO2 exhibits the highest electrochemical performance, which is mainly due to the higher Ca‐ion diffusivity of δ‐MnO2. The excellent rate capability obtained herein outperforms those of previously reported for all oxides as cathode materials for CIBs. Furthermore, the Ca‐ion storage mechanism of δ‐MnO2 based on the reversible order–disorder transformation is demonstrated by the in situ/ex situ characterizations. In addition, the capacity decay mechanism of δ‐MnO2 during the cycling process is confirmed as the dissolution of Mn and the optimization strategy is proposed. These results demonstrate that the δ‐MnO2 is a promising cathode material for CIBs, providing new opportunity for the development of high‐performance CIBs.
Observation of Topological Edge States in Thermal Diffusion
Authors: Hu Hao , Han Song , Yang Yihao , Liu Dongjue , Xue Haoran , Liu Gui‐Geng , Cheng Zheyu , Wang Qi Jie , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Baile , Luo Yu
Published: June 2022

Topological band theory predicts that bulk materials with nontrivial topological phases support topological edge states. This phenomenon is universal for various wave systems and is widely observed for electromagnetic and acoustic waves. Here, the notion of band topology is extended from wave to diffusion dynamics. Unlike wave systems that are usually Hermitian, diffusion systems are anti‐Hermitian with purely imaginary eigenvalues corresponding to decay rates. By direct probe of the temperature diffusion, the Hamiltonian of a thermal lattice is experimentally retrieved, and the emergence of topological edge decays is observed within the gap of bulk decays. The results of this work show that such edge states exhibit robust decay rates, which are topologically protected against disorder. This work constitutes a thermal analogue of topological insulators and paves the way to exploring defect‐immune heat dissipation.
A Euryhaline‐Fish‐Inspired Salinity Self‐Adaptive Nanofluidic Diode Leads to High‐Performance Blue Energy Harvesters
Authors: Hao Junran , Bao Bin , Zhou Jiajia , Cui Yanshuai , Chen Xiachao , Zhou Jiale , Zhou Yahong , Jiang Lei
Published: June 2022

The adaptability to wide salinities remains a big challenge for artificial nanofluidic systems, which plays a vital role in water–energy nexus science. Here, inspired by euryhaline fish, sandwich‐structured nanochannel systems are constructed to realize salinity self‐adaptive nanofluidic diodes, which lead to high‐performance salinity‐gradient power generators with low internal resistance. Adaptive to changing salinity, the pore morphology of one side of the nanochannel system switches from a 1D straight nanochannel (45 nm) to 3D network pores (1.9 nm pore size and ≈1013pore density), along with three orders of magnitude change for charge density. Thus, the abundant surface charges and narrow pores render the membrane‐based osmotic power generator with power density up to 26.22 Wm−2. The salinity‐adaptive membrane solves the surface charge‐shielding problem caused by abundant mobile ions in high salinity and increases the overlapping degree of the electric double layer. The dynamic adaption process of the membrane to the hypersaline environment endows it with good salt endurance and stability. New routes for designing nanofluidic devices functionally adaptable to different salinities and building power generators with excellent salt endurance are demonstrated.
Experimental Method to Distinguish between a Solution and a Suspension
Authors: Xu Xufeng , Ong Quy , Mao Ting , Silva Paulo Jacob , Shimizu Seishi , Rebecchi Luca , Kriegel Ilka , Stellacci Francesco
Published: June 2022

Dispersion of objects in a fluid phase can be classified as solutions (Gibbs free energy of mixing, ΔGmix < 0) or suspensions (ΔGmix > 0) depending on their thermodynamic stability. Small objects tend to form solutions, larger ones suspensions, e.g., molecules versus micrometer‐sized colloids. Proteins and nanomaterials fall between these two size regimes. The long‐standing issue of whether proteins and nanoparticles are dissolved or suspended remains an important research question. Here, a simple, versatile, and experimentally robust method, based on sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation (SE‐AUC), which can determine whether proteins, nanoparticles, or polymers form solutions or suspensions, is presented. SE‐AUC determines the osmotic pressure profile for a dispersion. Such a profile for solutions (equilibrium one‐phase systems) is independent of the initial and the operating conditions. The opposite is true for suspensions that are nonequilibrium two‐phase systems. This study proves that bovine serum albumin and lysozyme form solutions while ferritin and apoferritin form suspensions.
Efficacy of the exhalation delivery system with fluticasone in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps whose symptoms recur after sinus surgery
Authors: Ow Randall A. , Soler Zachary M. , Sindwani Raj , Leopold Donald A. , Lee Jivianne T. , Mahmoud Ramy A. , Han Joseph K.
Published: June 2022

Background

Sinus surgery removes inflamed tissue, restores airflow, and improves delivery of medication into surgically opened spaces. The exhalation delivery system with fluticasone (EDS‐FLU; XHANCE®) uses a novel delivery system to create closed‐palate, positive‐pressure, bidirectional mechanics that significantly alter the deposition of the topically acting anti‐inflammatory medication. We ask whether EDS‐FLU efficacy differs for patients with recurrent symptoms after sinus surgery versus patients without surgery.

Objective

We aimed to compare EDS‐FLU treatment responses in patients with recurrent symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and patients who have never had sinus surgery.

Methods

Data were pooled from two large, controlled trials (NAVIGATE I and II) for exploratory analyses. Chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms, polyp grade, and quality‐of‐life measures were compared between patients with prior ESS and those without prior ESS.

Results

Patients with prior ESS (exhalation delivery system–placebo [n = 53], EDS‐FLU 186 μg [n = 52], and EDS‐FLU 372 μg [n = 49]) and unoperated patients (exhalation delivery system–placebo [n = 108], EDS‐FLU 186 μg [n = 108], and EDS‐FLU 372 μg [n = 111]) treated with EDS‐FLU reported similar and substantial benefits as measured by multiple symptom and quality‐of‐life/functioning outcomes (congestion score, 22‐Item Sinonasal Outcomes Test [SNOT‐22], Rhinosinusitis Disability Index [RSDI], Patient Global Impression of Change) and by nasal polyp grade. In previously operated patients, unlike surgery‐naive patients, multiple outcomes (SNOT‐22, RSDI, polyp grade) consistently showed numerically but not statistically greater responses to the higher dose.

Conclusions

Patients with recurrent symptoms after sinus surgery who were treated with EDS‐FLU demonstrated significant symptom and quality‐of‐life improvement. Unlike unoperated patients, patients with prior ESS had a numerically but not statistically greater response to the higher dose of EDS‐FLU (two sprays per nostril twice a day).
Deciphering the Metal Speciation in Low‐Molecular‐Weight Complexes by IMS‐MS: Application to the Detection of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Mimics in Cell Lysates
Authors: Zoumpoulaki Martha , Schanne Gabrielle , Delsuc Nicolas , Preud'homme Hugues , Quévrain Elodie , Eskenazi Nicolas , Gazzah Géraldine , Guillot Regis , Seksik Philippe , Vinh Joelle , Lobinski Ryszard , Policar Clotilde
Published: June 2022

The detection and quantification of exogenous metal complexes are crucial to understanding their activity in intricate biological media. MnIIcomplexes are difficult to detect and quantify because of low association constants, and high lability. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic (or mimetic) labelled Mn1 is based on a 1,2‐di‐aminoethane functionalized with imidazole and phenolate and has good intrinsic anti‐superoxide, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated intestinal epithelial HT29‐MD2 cells, similar to that of its propylated analogue labelled Mn1P. Ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry (IMS‐MS) is a powerful technique for separating low molecular weight (LMW) metal complexes and can even separate complexes with the same ligand but bound to different divalent metal cations with similar ionic radii. We demonstrated the intracellular presence of the Mn1 and Mn1P complexes, at least partly intact, in lysates of cells incubated with the complexes and estimated the intracellular Mn1P concentration using a Co‐13C6analogue.
Imide‐Functionalized Fluorenone and Its Cyanated Derivative Based n‐Type Polymers: Synthesis, Structure–Property Correlations, and Thin‐Film Transistor Performance
Authors: Chen Zhicai , Li Jianfeng , Wang Junwei , Yang Kun , Zhang Jianqi , Wang Yimei , Feng Kui , Li Bolin , Wei Zhixiang , Guo Xugang
Published: June 2022

The development of high‐performance n‐type polymer semiconductors is powered by the design and synthesis of electron‐deficient building blocks with optimized physicochemical properties. By meticulously installing an imide group onto fluorene and its cyanated derivative, we report here two very electron‐deficient building blocks, imide‐functionalized fluorenone (FOI) and its cyanated derivative (FCNI), both featuring a deep‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level down to −4.05 eV and highly coplanar framework, endowing them ideal units for constructing n‐type polymers. Thus, a series of polymers are built from them, exhibiting unipolar n‐type transport character with a highest electron mobility of 0.11 cm2 V−1 s−1. Hence, FOI and FCNI offer a remarkable platform for accessing high‐performance n‐type polymers and the imide functionalization of appropriate (hetero)arenes is a powerful strategy for developing polymers with deep‐lying LUMOs for n‐type organic electronics.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Stereo‐ and Site‐Selective ortho‐ and meta‐C−H Glycosylation and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Gou Xue‐Ya , Li Yuke , Shi Wei‐Yu , Luan Yu‐Yong , Ding Ya‐Nan , An Yang , Huang Yan‐Chong , Zhang Bo‐Sheng , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: June 2022

C‐aryl glycosides are popular basic skeletons in biochemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herein, ruthenium‐catalyzed highly stereo‐ and site‐selective ortho‐ and meta‐CAr−H glycosylation is described. A series of C‐aryl pyranosides and furanosides were synthesized by this method. The strategy showed good substrate scope, and various N‐heterocyclic directing groups were compatible with the reaction system. A mechanistic study suggested that the key pathway of ortho‐CAr−H glycosylation might involve oxidative addition/reduction elimination, whereas aryl meta‐C−H glycosylation was mediated by σ‐activation. Density functional theory calculations also showed that the high stereoselectivity of meta‐CAr−H glycosylation was due to steric hindrance.
Photoredox Generation of Isothiouronyl Radical Cations: A New Platform in Covalent Radical Catalysis
Authors: Archer Gaétan , Cavalère Pierre , Médebielle Maurice , Merad Jérémy
Published: June 2022

Thiyl radicals offer unique catalytic patterns for the direct covalent activation of alkenes. However, important limitations in terms of structural diversity and handling have hampered the routine use of thiyl radicals in covalent radical catalysis. Herein, we report a new class of cationic sulfur‐centered radicals to achieve covalent radical catalysis. Their generation from highly modular thioureas by photoredox catalysis make their utilization very simple and reliable. The synthetic potential and the versatility of the catalytic system were finally evaluated in a (3+2)‐radical cascade between vinylcyclopropanes and olefins.
Nearly Unity Quantum Yield Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Heavy Atom‐Free Rigid Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Frameworks
Authors: Zheng Xin , Huang Yuanshan , Lv Wei , Fan Jianzhong , Ling Qidan , Lin Zhenghuan
Published: June 2022

Synergism between covalent and non‐covalent bonds is employed to fix an organic phosphor guest in a rigid inorganic framework, simulating the stiffening effect seen in the glassy state and realizing efficient and ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Twelve heavy‐atom‐free composites have been obtained through introducing arylboric or arylcarboxylic acid derivatives into the inorganic boric acid matrix by solid‐phase synthesis. Owing to the stiffening effect of multiple bonds, all the composites show highly efficient and persistent RTP of guest molecules with a quantum yield ranging from 39.8 % to ca. 100 % and a lifetime up to 8.74 s, which results in a 55 s afterglow visible to the naked eye after exposure to a portable UV lamp. Interestingly, it is found that the substitution position and quantity of carboxyl in the guest have a great influence on the phosphorescent properties, and that the heavy‐atom effect is invalid in such host–guest hybrid systems. The 100 g grade composite is easily prepared because of the solvent‐free, green, and simple synthesis method. These results provide an important way for the development of RTP materials with ultrahigh quantum yield and ultralong lifetime, as well as their practical applications in the fields of anti‐counterfeiting and information storage, among others.
The computational study, thermodynamic parameters, and partial inhibition of spermatogenesis exhibited by toxicophores scaffolds of an organic–inorganic hybrid complex of tributyltin (IV)
Authors: Sharma Shobhana , Mohammad Irshad
Published: June 2022

The present investigation focused on the structure and demonstration of partial inhibition of spermatogenesis in male albino rats through pentacoordinate tributyltin (IV) complex of sterically blocked Schiff base of heterocyclic β‐diketone having the general formula Bu3SnL (where ). The aid of physicochemical and spectral analysis suggested the plausible structure of this complex. The density functional theory (DFT) provides the optimized structure of the tributyltin (IV) complex. The computational study of the tributyltin (IV) complex evaluated the thermodynamic parameters, molecular orbitals, principal quantum chemical descriptors, and chemical reactivity. The experimental animals contain three groups, each consisting of nine animals. The male fertility of albino rats of groups II and III treated with tributyltin (IV) complex of sterically blocked Schiff base of heterocyclic β ‐diketone at 10 and 20 mg/kg body wt/day compared with group I during 90 days of the investigation was impaired consistently. Accordingly, the quality and quantity of sperms obtained from cauda epididymis deteriorated in both treatment groups compared with control animals. Blood testes barrier ruptured in the seminiferous tubules as a result of disordered germinal epithelium, substantial loss of germ cells, and remaining germ cell bursting, which stopped spermatogenesis at stage 13 of spermiogenesis. The findings of the study suggest that this complex partially inhibits spermatogenesis. Identifying some toxicophores scaffolds of the complex appears to be a significant contributor to the complete inhibition of spermatogenesis.
High pressure processing and heat sterilization of kale: Impact on extractability, antioxidant capacity and storability of carotenoids and vitamin E
Authors: Schmidt Mario , Hopfhauer Sofia , Schwarzenbolz Uwe , Böhm Volker
Published: June 2022

Food process engineering represents a rapidly evolving discipline traditionally focussing on thermal treatments including objectives such as preservation and stabilization. Innovative and gentle preservation techniques such as high‐pressure processing (HPP) may potentially improve or replace conventional methods by enhancing nutritional and health aspects, flavor and taste, sustainability, and more consumer‐targeted, minimally processed food items. As information about the impact of HPP (600 MPa, 5–40 min) on lipophilic food ingredients (e.g., carotenoids, vitamin E) in kale is limited, a comparison to heat sterilization (20 min, 121°C) may result in new insights related to lipophilic, antioxidant capacity (L‐AOC), extractability and storage stability (8 weeks, 5°C). HPP of chopped kale resulted in significantly increased (p < 0.05) total carotenoid and chlorophyll contents in contrast to declined concentrations of vitamin E. Significantly decreased extractabilities were observed for total carotenoids and chlorophylls in heat sterilized kale, showing no significant change (p > 0.05) in vitamin E content. Moreover, 2 months of storage of HP‐treated kale resulted in a major loss of vitamin E and total carotenoid contents compared to thermally treated samples. Elevated α‐tocopherol equivalent antioxidant capacities (αTEAC) and lipophilic oxygen radical antioxidant capacities (L‐ORAC) correlated with an increased pressure holding time.
Therapeutic potential of nanoceria pretreatment in preventing the development of urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Immunomodulation via reactive oxygen species scavenging and SerpinB2 downregulation
Authors: Lien Wei‐Chih , Zhou Xin‐Ran , Liang Ya‐Jyun , Ching Congo Tak‐Shing , Wang Chia‐Yih , Lu Fu‐I , Chang Huei‐Cih , Lin Feng‐Huei , Wang Hui‐Min David
Published: June 2022

Urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) manifests as pelvic pain with frequent urination and has a 10% prevalence rate without effective therapy. Nanoceria (cerium oxide nanoparticles [CNPs]) were synthesized in this study to achieve potential long‐term pain relief, using a commonly used UCPPS mouse model with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that serpin family B member 2 (SerpinB2) was the most upregulated marker in mouse bladder, and SerpinB2 was downregulated with CNP pretreatment. The transcriptome sequencing analysis results agreed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis results for the expression of related mRNAs and proteins. Analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets revealed that SerpinB2 was a differentially upregulated gene in human UCPPS. In vitro SerpinB2 knockdown downregulated proinflammatory chemokine expression (chemokine receptor CXCR3 and C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10) upon treatment with 4‐hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. In conclusion, CNP pretreatment may prevent the development of UCPPS, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and SerpinB2 downregulation may modulate the immune response in UCPPS.
R‐CTM: A data‐driven macroscopic simulation model for heterogeneous traffic
Authors: Liu Jingyao , Deng Zhigang , Mao Tianlu , Wang Zhaoqi
Published: June 2022

There is a well‐known trade‐off between computational efficiency and computational accuracy in the field of traffic simulation. In this article, we propose a novel recurrent neural network based model with an integrated attention mechanism, called R‐CTM, to simulate heterogeneous traffic flow with multiple types of vehicles. It can effectively extract the traffic flow patterns of spatial and temporal changes from training traffic data, which can be real‐world traffic data or synthetic traffic data via microscopic simulation models. Through experiments and comparisons, we show that it can significantly outperform the state of the art methods in terms of simulation accuracy. Besides accuracy, we also demonstrate its scalability: its runtime consumption does not linearly increase with respect to the spatial extent.