bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing biosolids quality at the Mu'ta-Mazar wastewater treatment plant for the years 2016–2019
Authors: AL-Hmoud Nisreen , Alrwashdeh Mumen , Hayek Bassam
Published: January 2023

Disposal of sludge produced by sewage treatment plants is an increasing problem worldwide. Recycling of treated wastewater sludge as biosolids is a beneficial and environmentally sustainable management option. Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH through its German-Jordanian Programme 'Management of Water Resources, and in collaboration with Royal Scientific Society of Jordan has launched a project to pilot decentralized management of sludge. Through this project, the quality of sludge generated from Mu'ta-Mazar Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), which has been selected as the pilot area for Decentralized Integrated Sludge Management (DISM) project, has been assessed over four consecutive years (2016–2019). A complete assessment of the sludge qualities in terms of physical, chemical, pharmaceutical and microbial parameters was conducted. The results of this study will help in evaluating the feasibility of co-digestion of sludge by processing sludge with the other sources of organic waste. The aim of this study is to contribute towards environmental protection and the use of renewable energies and to increase energy efficiency through production of bioenergy and recovery of nutrient content of wastewater sludge and food waste. The study also demonstrates financially viable and technically feasible solutions for the current sludge management issues in WWTPs in Jordan.
Limnological variables as a determinant of fish parasites abundance in the Esa-Odo reservoir, Esa-Odo Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Obayemi Oluwadamilare Emmanuel , Komolafe Olaniyi Olusola , Onana Edith Ediseimokumoh
Published: January 2023

This study investigated fish parasites in relation to limnological variables of the Esa-Odo reservoir since the quality of the aquatic environment might influence parasitic infestation in fish. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the parasite species of the reservoir due to their public health concern and their relationship with selected water quality parameters. The water quality and parasite examinations were analyzed based on standard protocols in the laboratory. The results showed that water quality parameters were not significantly different (p > 0.05) across the zones. Seasonally, mean water temperature, pH, TDS, DO, organic matter, COD and turbidity were significantly different (p < 0.05) across the different zones of the reservoir while electrical conductivity, alkalinity, NO3-, and PO43- were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Clinostomum tilapiae, Clinostomum sp., Euclinostomum heterostomum, Procamallanus laevionchus, and Lytocestus sp. were recovered in all the fish sampled. The overall prevalence of the fish parasites was 9.8% with an intensity of 2.13. The result indicated fish parasites had a strong positive correlation with certain water quality properties and parasite abundance which suggested that water quality could determine parasitic loads in fishes of the Esa-Odo reservoir.
Surface water quality assessment by Random Forest
Authors: Jena Pramod Kumar , Rahaman Sayed Modinur , Das Mohapatra Pradeep Kumar , Barik Durga Prasad , Patra Dikshya Surabhi
Published: January 2023

The energetic nature of these important water resources makes them the most vulnerable to contamination from additional waste from multiple sources. Water quality monitoring is critical to water environmental management, and successful monitoring provides direction and confirms the effectiveness of water management. Models based on artificial intelligence are fundamental for anticipating appropriate moderation measures for surface water quality. In any case, it remains a challenge and requires a requirement to improve display accuracy. Faster and cheaper control is required due to the real-world impact of low water quality. With this inspiration, this research examines an array of machine-learning calculations to estimate water quality. The proposed approach uses Random Forest for modeling and is also useful for predicting surface water quality in the Kulik geographic region of West Bengal, India. It is a good tool for assessing the quality and ensuring the safe use of drinking water. Various water quality parameters (iron, fluoride, total coliform, fecal coliform, pH, total dissolved solids, magnesium, alkalinity, chloride, total hardness, nitrate, calcium, and Escherichia coli) were measured seasonally (winter, summer, rain) over 10 years (2010–2019). The estimated water quality parameters in this study were total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and iron.
Full-scale determination of pipe wall and bulk chlorine degradation coefficients for different pipe categories
Authors: Maleki Mahnoush , Ardila Andres , Argaud Pierre-Olivier , Pelletier Genevieve , Rodriguez Manuel
Published: January 2023

Having good information about parameters that impact water quality can improve the management of water distribution systems in the short-term (optimising disinfection) and the long-term (planning rehabilitation). Full-scale data on the degradation of the residual disinfectant for various pipe characteristics are difficult to obtain but necessary. As the most common disinfectant is chlorine, this paper aims to determine the most important pipe and/or hydraulic system characteristics in the chlorine degradation coefficients. Such characteristics were identified based on statistical analyses that relate them with range values of bulk and pipe wall degradation coefficients estimated in full-scale conditions in a real distribution system. The results showed that among pipe characteristics, the period of installation impacts significantly kw and kt. Results of kw for three different materials confirmed that residual chlorine degradation at the pipe walls for grey-cast iron, which is older and metallic, is much higher than that for ductile cast iron and PVC pipes. In older pipes, up to 97% of residual chlorine can be degraded at the pipe walls, while the role of bulk reactions can reach about 35% in newer pipes. The obtained information can be integrated to identify pipes for rehabilitation/renewal and locations for booster rechlorination.
The Protective Effects of Silymarin on the Reproductive Toxicity: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hariyanti Tita , Margiana Ria , Al-Gazally Moaed Emran , Patra Indrajit , Lateef Al-Awsi Ghaidaa Raheem , Hameed Noora , Kayumova Dilrabo , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Torres-Criollo Larry Miguel , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Abedi-Firouzjah Razzagh , Farhood Bagher
Published: January 2023

The reproductive system is extremely vulnerable to chemotherapy drugs, ionizing radiation, toxic heavy metals, chemicals, and so on. These harmful stimuli are able to induce oxidative damage, apoptosis, inflammation, and other mechanisms in the reproductive organs, leading to different adverse reproductive effects. It was shown that using medicinal plants (medicinal herbs) can be an effective medication for the prevention and treatment of multiple health conditions. Silymarin is a medicinal herb extract, obtained from the seeds of Silybum marianum. This herbal agent is a nontoxic agent even at relatively high physiological dose values, which suggests that it is safe for use in the treatment of different diseases. The hepato-, neuro-, cardio- and nephro-protective effects of silymarin have been assessed previously. The protective activities of silymarin can point to anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, immunomodulatory, and membrane-stabilizing properties. In this review, we aim to summarize current studies on the protective potentials of silymarin against reproductive toxicity. The molecular mechanisms of silymarin protection against cellular toxicity are also studied. Moreover, the findings obtained from improved formulations and delivery systems of silymarin have been addressed.
Peptide-based PROTACs: Current Challenges and Future
Perspectives
Authors: Wang Huidan , Chen Miao , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Xie Songbo , Qin Jie , Li Jingrui
Published: January 2023

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an attractive means to target
previously undruggable or drug-resistant mutant proteins. While small molecule-based
PROTACs are stable and can cross cell membranes, there is limited availability of suitable
small molecule warheads capable of recruiting proteins to an E3 ubiquitin ligase for
degradation. With advances in structural biology and in silico protein structure prediction,
it is now becoming easier to define highly selective peptides suitable for PROTAC
design. As a result, peptide-based PROTACs are becoming a feasible proposition for targeting
previously “undruggable” proteins not amenable to small molecule inhibition. In
this review, we summarize recent progress in the design and application of peptide-based
PROTACs as well as several practical approaches for obtaining candidate peptides for
PROTACs. We also discuss the major hurdles preventing the translation of peptide-based
PROTACs from bench to bedside, such as their delivery and bioavailability, with the aim
of stimulating discussion about how best to accelerate the clinical development of peptide-
based PROTACs in the near future.
Circulating Levels of 5-HT and BDNF in Adults with Autism
Spectrum Conditions: An Investigation in a Sample of Subjects with
Autism Spectrum Disorder, their First-degree Relatives and Controls
Authors: Carpita Barbara , Stagnari Rossella , Palego Lionella , Baroni Dario , Massimetti Gabriele , Nardi Benedetta , Cremone Ivan Mirko , Betti Laura , Giannaccini Gino , Dell'Osso Liliana
Published: January 2023

Background:

Several studies investigated circulating levels of serotonin (5-
HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in children with Autism spectrum disorder
(ASD). More limited literature focused on ASD adults or on populations with subthreshold
autism spectrum manifestations, such as relatives of ASD probands. This study
aimed to investigate 5-HT and BDNF levels in adults with autism spectrum conditions.
Correlations between levels of biochemical variables and ASD symptoms were also evaluated.

Methods:

a sample of ASD adults, their first-degree relatives (Broad autism phenotype,
BAP group), and controls were recruited and assessed with psychometric scales. Blood
samples were collected from all participants. 5-HT and BDNF levels were measured by
means of ELISA kits.

Results:

ASD adults showed significantly lower platelet-poor plasma (PPP) 5-HT levels
than BAP and control groups. No significant difference was found among groups for PPP
BDNF levels and intra-platelet 5-HT levels. 5-HT levels were reported to be specifically
correlated with some autism symptoms.

Conclusion:

This work highlighted the presence in ASD adults of reduced PPP 5-HT levels
than in other groups, without significant differences with respect to BDNF levels, supporting
the hypothesis that biochemical correlates of ASD in adults may be different
from those typically reported in children.
Scutellarin Suppressed Proliferation and Induced Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer
via Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Zheng , Wang Zhenkai , Liu Xiang , Chen Wanzhen , Guo Xiujun , Chen Lili , Wei Zhiqin , Liu Dan
Published: January 2023

Background:

Scutellarin exerts anticancer effects on diverse malignancies. However, its function in gastric cancer has not been explored.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the anticancer effect and molecular mechanism of scutellarin in gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Gastric cancer cells were treated with scutellarin and transfected with the Wnt1 overexpression plasmid. Cell viability, proliferation, toxicity, and apoptosis were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL), and flow cytometry assays. Expressions of apoptosis-related and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins were examined by western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results:

Scutellarin concentration dependently restrained cell viability. Scutellarin (20 and 80 μmol/L) suppressed proliferation and promoted LDH release and apoptosis. Moreover, scutellarin elevated Bax and Cytochrome C levels but diminished the levels of Bcl-2, Wnt1, cytoplasmic β-catenin, and basal cytoplasmic β-catenin. However, the above-mentioned regulatory effects of scutellarin were all reversed by Wnt1 overexpression.

Conclusion:

Scutellarin suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
in Pregnant Women
Authors: Zhang Xiqian , Luo Tao , Yang Huan , Ma Wan Ying , He Qin , Xu Min , Yang Yujie
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Physiological changes during pregnancy can affect antiretroviral drug processes and further influence
drug efficacy and safety. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling offers a unique modality to
predict PK in pregnant women. The objective of this study was to establish a PBPK modeling of tenofovir disoproxil
fumarate (TDF) in pregnant women, to provide a reference for the clinical use of TDF.

Methods:

A full PBPK modeling of tenofovir (TFV) and TDF following i.v. and p.o. administration was developed
using the simulation software PK-Sim®. The modeling was then extrapolated to pregnant women based on pregnancyrelated
physiological parameters in Mobi® Simulator. The mean fold error (MFE) and geometric mean fold error
(GMFE) methods were used to compare the differences between predicted and observed values of PK parameters
(Cmax, tmax, AUC0-∞) to evaluate the accuracy of PBPK modeling.

Results:

The developed PBPK modeling successfully predicted the TDF disposition in the non-pregnant population,
wherein the MFE average and GMFE of all predicted PK parameters were within a 1.5-fold error range, and more than
96.30% of the predicted drug concentration values were within a 2-fold error range of the measured values. After the
extrapolation of these models to the third trimester of pregnancy, the scaling anatomy/physiology and hepatic intrinsic
clearance made the pregnant population PBPK modeling meet the standard requirement of 0.5 < MFE and GMFE
value < 2. It was more appropriate to simulate the in vivo process of low-dose TDF in pregnant women.

Conclusion:

The non-pregnant population PBPK modeling of TDF established in our study can be extrapolated to
pregnant women. Our study provides a reference for realizing clinical personalized medication for pregnant women.
A Comprehensive Study on the Chemical Constituents and Pharmacokinetics of
Erzhi Formula and Jiawei Erzhi Formula Based on Targeted and Untargeted LC-MS
Analysis
Authors: Zhu Tongtong , Chen Wanning , Han Chunyue , Gao Zhijie , Liu Erwei , Gao Xiumei , Fu Zhifei , Han Lifeng
Published: January 2023

Background:

Erzhi formula (EZF) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which has been widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis and premature ovarian failure.

Objective:

To enhance curative effects, the other two herbal medicines, including Spatholobi Caulis (SC) and Achyranthes bidentata Blume (ABB), were added into the original EZF formula to obtain two new Jiawei-EZF (JW-EZF) preparations. To clarify the effect of the compatibility of herbs for original formulas, the chemical constituents and bioactive compounds in vivo were detected.

Methods:

An efficient and sensitive targeted and untargeted UHPLC/ESI-Q-Orbitrap MS method, together with mass defect filter and precursor ion list, was established firstly for the profiling of different EZF formulas. Furthermore, eleven absorbed compounds (apigenin, luteoloside, luteolin, oleuropein, wedelolactone, acteoside, specnuezhenide, 11-methyloleoside, ecliptasaponin A, formononetin, and β-ecdysone) were simultaneously quantified in rat plasma.

Results:

A total of 124, 162, and 177 compounds were identified or tentatively identified in EZF, JW-3-EZF (EZF+SC) and JW-4-EZF (EZF+SC+ABB), respectively. 110 compounds were found to be common constituents in the three formulas. Moreover, 66 prototypes were unambiguously identified in the rats' plasma after oral administration of the three formulas using the same strategy. 11 out of the 66 absorbed components were simultaneously quantitated in the pharmacokinetic (PK) study. Compared to the original EZF, the plasma AUC(0-24h) and AUC(0-∞) of apigenin, 11-methyloleoside, luteolin, luteoloside, wedelolactone, and acteoside were found to be significantly increased after oral administration of JW-3-EZF, and plasma AUC(0-24h) and AUC(0-∞) of apigenin, wedelolactone, and acteoside, were also found to be significantly increased after JW-4-EZF administration.

Conclusion:

The combined qualitative and quantitative methods were used to provide a potential approach to the characterization and quality control of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its preparations.
Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease Regulation through Nutri Epigenetic
Methylation
Authors: Rivera-Aguirre Jesus , López-Sánchez Guillermo Nahúm , Chávez-Tapia Norberto Carlos , Uribe Misael , Nuño-Lámbarri Natalia
Published: January 2023

Metabolically associated fatty liver disease, formerly called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,
is the most common liver disease globally, representing the third cause of liver transplantation.
Metabolically associated fatty liver disease is defined as having more than 5% lipid droplets in
hepatocytes without other concomitant liver diseases. Various stimuli such as the secretion of inflammatory
cytokines, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction due to oxidative stress, alteration
of the intestine-liver axis, bacterial dysbiosis, as well as genetic and epigenetic factors can modify
the progression of metabolically associated fatty liver disease to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and may reach
hepatocellular carcinoma. Epigenetics is responsible for a highly sophisticated regulatory system that
controls many cellular processes in response to multiple environmental factors as an adaptive mechanism
unrelated to alterations in the primary deoxyribonucleic acid sequence, including gene expression,
microRNAs, DNA methylation, modifications in histones, and DNA-protein interactions. Several
studies have shown that epigenetic changes are associated with various diseases, including metabolically
associated fatty liver disease. Nutri epigenomics is the interaction between nutrition and components
at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Methylation processes involve micronutrients
that regulate epigenetic states in a physiological and pathological context. Micronutrients such as
methionine, folate, and choline are the main components of one-carbon metabolism, functioning as
methyl group donors, and their deficiency predisposes to various pathologies such as metabolically
associated fatty liver disease. Understanding of epigenetic modifiers leads us to develop new therapeutic
therapies for patients with metabolically associated fatty liver disease.
Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS): From Basic Research to
Clinical Practice
Authors: da Silva Rocha Joana , Guedes-Martins Luís , Cunha Ana
Published: January 2023

Twin pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of perinatal and maternal complications,
and early establishment of the chorionicity type defines this risk. In monochorionic (MC) pregnancies,
the fetuses share the same placental mass and exhibit vascular anastomoses crossing the intertwin membrane,
and the combination and pattern of anastomoses determine the primary clinical picture and occurrence
of future complications.

:

Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS) was first described in 2006 after fetoscopic laser surgery
in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) twins, and in 2007, the first spontaneous cases were reported,
recognizing TAPS as an individualized vascular identity in fetofetal transfusion syndromes.
There are two types of TAPS: spontaneous (3-5%) and iatrogenic or postlaser (2-16%). TAPS consists
of small diameter arteriovenous anastomoses (<1 mm) and low-rate, small-caliber AA anastomoses in
the absence of amniotic fluid discordances. There are certain antenatal and postnatal diagnostic criteria,
which have progressively evolved over time. New, additional secondary markers have been proposed,
and their reliability is being studied. The best screening protocol for TAPS in MC twins is still a matter
of debate.

:

This review provides a survey of the relevant literature on the epidemiology, vascular pathophysiology,
underlying hemodynamic factors that regulate mismatched vascular connections, and diagnostic criteria
of this condition. The aim is to increase awareness and knowledge about this recently identified and
frequently unrecognized and misdiagnosed pathology.
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular
Events in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Shuangbo , Eckstein Janine , Lam Anna , Cheema Asim N.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Evidence regarding using acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) for the prevention of
cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is inconsistent. Therefore, we performed
a meta-analysis.

Methods:

A literature search was performed (January 1990 to February 2022) and publications meeting
the inclusion criteria were reviewed, and a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software. The
primary outcome was a composite of CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Secondary
outcomes included all-cause mortality, individual components of the primary outcome and major
bleeding.

Results:

The study cohort comprised 33525 diabetic patients from 9 randomized controlled trials. The
primary outcome was significantly lower for aspirin vs. placebo (7.9 vs. 8.6, RR (risk ratio) 0.92, 95%
CI (confidence interval) 0.86-0.99). All-cause mortality (10 vs. 10.3%, RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.90-1.03), CV
death (4.4 vs. 4.7%, RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.83-1.04), non-fatal MI (4.6 vs. 4.8% RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.83-
1.15) and stroke (3.2 vs. 3.5%, RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.75-1.06) were similar between the two treatment
groups. Major bleeding was significantly higher for aspirin compared with placebo (3.4 vs. 2.8%, RR
1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.39).

Conclusion:

Aspirin use in patients with DM reduces the composite endpoint of CV death, non-fatal MI
and stroke compared with a placebo. However, routine use of aspirin for primary prevention among
diabetic patients cannot be advised due to the increased risk of major bleeding. These findings suggest
careful risk assessment of individual patients.
Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Acute Pericarditis Associated with
Antinuclear Antibodies Positivity
Authors: Dursun Ali Doğan , Saricam Ersin , Erdem Hakan , Sariyildiz Gulcin Turkmen , Ozyer Esref Umut , Bozkurt Engin , Ilkay Erdogan , Cantekin Ömer Faruk
Published: January 2023

Background:

Up to 30% of patients with acute pericarditis develop recurrent pericarditis.
Acute pericarditis may be a manifestation of an underlying systemic autoimmune disease. Therefore, we
evaluated the characteristics of patients with acute pericarditis according to antinuclear antibodies
(ANA) positivity/negativity.

Methods:

Participants with acute pericarditis and negative ANA (n=29), recurrent pericarditis with positive
ANA (n=30) and healthy controls (n=11) were examined. The groups were compared using serum
parameters (ANA, C-reactive protein, leucocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total antioxidant
status, nitric oxide (NO), and oxidative stress index (OSI)) and imaging techniques (electrocardiogram,
echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and venous Doppler ultrasound).

Results:

In females, acute pericarditis associated with ANA occurred more frequently (p<0.001). ANApositive
acute pericarditis had significantly lower NO and OSI (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) and
pericardial inflammation on magnetic resonance. We found a pulmonary embolism in one patient with
positive ANA. Slow venous flow (SVF) occurred more often in acute pericarditis associated with ANA
than in the ANA-negative group on venous ultrasound (p<0.05). The prevalence of positive ANAs was
1.6 times higher among SVF patients than in controls.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that acute pericarditis associated with ANA is more common in middle-
aged females. SVF and lower oxidative stress tests were more common in patients with ANAassociated
acute pericarditis. Acute pericarditis associated with ANA could be considered as a hypercoagulable
state. Therefore, all newly diagnosed pericarditis patients (especially females) should be
checked for ANA positivity. Awareness of this coexistence should be promptly addressed to establish
management strategies.
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of New Non-symmetric Liquid
Crystal Dimers
Authors: Ha Sie-Tiong , Seou Chi-Kien , Win Yip-Foo , Yeap Guan-Yeow
Published: January 2023

New non-symmetric liquid crystal dimers, N-(4-(n-(4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)phenoxy) alkyloxy)
benzylidene)-2,4-difluoroaniline (DSFCn), containing two mesogenic core units of benzothiazole
and benzylideneaniline were reported. The core system was connected by a flexible alkyl spacer,
-(CH2)n-(where n =2-6, 8, 10, and 12). The spectroscopic techniques were employed to confirm the
molecular structure of the title compounds. Differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical
microscopy were used to study the mesomorphic properties of the synthesized compounds. Observation
under crossed polarized light reveals that compounds (n = 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12) are purely nematogens.
The nematic phase in the dimers are caused by the presence of the lateral fluorine atoms at the
benzylideneaniline core. Mesophase thermal stability has been suppressed significantly by the fluorine
atom at the lateral position which increased the molecular breadth and subsequently, results in weaker
overall lateral intermolecular attraction. The structure-property relationships of the dimers were inferred
through comparison of thermal properties of the present dimers with those of the earlier reported
analogous that do not possess any lateral substituents.
DMAP-Promoted Cascade Reaction of α-Ketoester with Benzylidene-
Malononitrile: Access Polyfunctionalized 2-Amino-3-Cyano-4H-Pyran
Containing Ester Motifs
Authors: Zhang Chuan-Bao , Wang Hong-Tao , Zhao Ze-Yue , Lou Li-Fang , Zhao Jiang-Tao , Geng Yang , Zhai Bai-Qiang , Tian Ye
Published: January 2023

A base-promoted cascade reaction of α-ketoester with benzylidene-malononitrile was
developed under mild reaction conditions, which enabled the synthesis of polyfunctionalized 2-amino-
3-cyano-4H-pyrans containing ester motifs at 6-position with good to excellent yields. These transformations
not only construct various polyfunctionalized 4H-pyrans, which add a new member to the
family of 4H-pyrans, but also provide an efficient approach for the synthesis of fully substituted 4Hpyran
derivatives.
Aryl-isoquinoline as a Potential Scaffold for Novel Antitumor Agents
against Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Fernandes Thais Batista , Yang Rosania , Ferreira Glaucio Monteiro , de Souza Priscila Oliveira , Lopes Vitor Galvão , Junqueira Toledo Mônica Franco Zannini , Gonçalves Roliano Gabriela , Debom Gabriela Nogueira , Vassiliades Sandra Valeria , Hassimotto Neuza Mariko  Aymoto , Hirata Mario Hiroyuki , Braganhol Elizandra , Parise-Filho Roberto
Published: January 2023

Background:

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive types of tumors, which occurs in the
central nervous system, and has a high fatality rate. Among the cellular changes observed in glioblastoma
is the overexpression of certain anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-xL. Recently, the alkaloid sanguinarine
(SAN) was identified as a potent inhibitor of this class of proteins.

Objective:

In this work, the antitumor activity of ten aryl-isoquinolines that were synthesized based on
molecular simplification of SAN was investigated.

Methods:

The SAN derivatives were prepared by Suzuki reaction and bimolecular nucleophilic substitution.
The compounds were tested against glioblastoma (U87MG) and melanoma (A375) tumor lines in the
MTT and SRB assay. The cell death mechanism was evaluated by flow cytometry. The molecular modeling
study was used to evaluate the interactions between the prepared compounds and the Bcl-xL protein.

Results:

Analogues presented IC50 values against glioblastoma lower than temozolomide. Evaluation
against astrocytes and fibroblasts indicated that the analogues were significantly superior to SAN regarding
selectivity. The most active compound, 2e, induced phosphatidylserine externalization and mitochondrial
membrane depolarization, indicating apoptotic death by the intrinsic pathway. In addition, 2e provides
cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Molecular dynamics suggested that 2e interacts with Bcl-xL
mainly by hydrophobic interactions.

Conclusion:

In our study, aryl-isoquinoline represents a relevant scaffold to be explored by medicinal
chemists to develop potential anti-glioblastoma agents.
A Review: Research Progress on Photoelectric Catalytic Water Splitting of
α-Fe2O3
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhang Dongliang , Wang Mitang
Published: January 2023

Photoelectric catalytic water splitting for hydrogen production is considered a promising
method for hydrogen production, which can convert clean and renewable solar energy into
sustainable and pollution-free hydrogen energy. An in-depth understanding of the relationship
between the properties and functions of photocatalytic materials can help design and prepare
efficient photodegradable water systems. Among them, α-Fe2O3 has a suitable band gap, can
absorb visible light below 600 nm, and has the advantages of abundant raw materials high stability,
and has become one of the most promising photoelectrode materials. However, as a photoelectrode
material, α-Fe2O3 has the shortcomings of short photogenerated hole diffusion distance,
low oxidation kinetics, poor conductivity, ease to be corroding, and so on, resulting in a very low
photoelectric conversion efficiency, which limits its application in the field of photoelectric catalysis.
This paper reviews the research progress of α-Fe2O3 as a photoanode. Firstly, the principle
of photoelectric catalytic water splitting for hydrogen production and the main preparation
methods of α-Fe2O3 photoanode is described; Secondly, the research work on modification of α-
Fe2O3 photoanode by morphology control, element doping, construction of the heterojunction,
surface modification and thermal excitation assisted effect in recent years is introduced. The
photochemical performance of α-Fe2O3 photoanode is enhanced by improving the photocurrent
density and the transfer of photo-generated carriers.
Plasma Levels of MMPs and TIMP-1 in Patients with Osteoarthritis After
Recovery from COVID-19
Authors: Falalyeyeva Tetyana , Tuharov Yuriy , Krenytska Daryna , Halenova Tetiana , Kot Larysa , Raksha Nataliia , Savchuk Olexii , Prysiazhniuk Larisa , Matkivska Ruzhena , Ostapchenko Liudmyla
Published: January 2023

Background:

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPS)
play a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Recent research showed the
involvement of some MMPs in COVID-19, but the results are limited and contradictory.

Objective:

In this study, we investigated the levels of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8,
MMP-9, MMP-10) and TIMP-1 in the plasma of patients with OA after recovery from COVID-
19.

Methods:

The experiment involved patients aged 39 to 80 diagnosed with knee OA. All study
participants were divided into three research groups: the control group included healthy
individuals, the group OA included patients with enrolled cases of OA, and the third group of OA
and COVID-19 included patients with OA who recovered from COVID-19 6-9 months ago. The
levels of MMPs and TIMP-1 were measured in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

The study showed a change in the levels of MMPs in patients with OA who had COVID-
19 and those who did not have a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Particularly, patients with OA
who were infected with coronavirus established an increase in MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and
MMP-9, compared to healthy controls. Compared to normal subjects, a significant decrease in
MMP-10 and TIMP-1 was established in both groups of patients with OA and convalescent
COVID-19.

Conclusion:

Thus, the results suggest that COVID-19 can affect the proteolysis-antiproteolysis
system even after a long postinfectious state and may cause complications of existing
musculoskeletal pathologies.
Bakuchiol: A Potential Anticancer Compound from Psoralea corylifolia Linn
Authors: Chopra Bhawna , Dhingra Ashwani Kumar , Grewal Ajmer Singh , Jain Akash , Chaudhary Jasmine , Grover Parul
Published: January 2023

Background:

Bakuchiol is a monoterpene phenol isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. It is used traditionally in Indian and Chinese medicine and has been reported to possess extensive pharmacological potential against a variety of ailments. A recent study enumerates the anticancer potential of bakuchiol.

Objective:

The objective of the present review study is to explore the anticancer potential of bakuchiol which provides insight into the design and develop novel molecular entities against various disorders.

Methods:

Current prose and patents emphasizing the anticancer potential of bakuchiol have been identified and reviewed with particular emphasis on their scientific impact and novelty. An extensive literature survey was performed and compiled via the search engine, PubMed, Science Direct, and from many reputed foundations.

Results:

The study's findings suggested and verified the anticancer potential that Psoralea and bakuchiol against a variety of cancer. Both Psoralea and bakuchiol also portrayed synergistic or potentiating effects when given in combination with other anticancer drugs or natural compounds.

Conclusion:

Altogether, the promising anticancer potential of bakuchiol may open new probes for therapeutic invention in various types of tumors. Thus, the present review gives the erudition of bakuchiol and Psoralea as anticancer which paves the way for further work in exploring their potential.
Comparison of Toxoplasmosis in Narcotic Drug-addicted and Healthy Persons
in the Southwest of Iran; A Case-control Study
Authors: Fasihi-Karami Maryam , Sayyah Mehdi , Kazemi Forough , Arjmand Reza
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Toxoplasmosis and narcotic drug addiction are endemic in various regions
of Iran. These drugs can provide situations for infections by disrupting the immune system. The current
case-control study was designed to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in narcotic drugaddicted
persons in comparison with healthy subjects using serology and molecular techniques in the
southwest of Iran.

Methods:

A total of 201 subjects (including 101 individuals with drug addiction and 100 control participants)
were randomly selected. Chronic and acute toxoplasmosis was detected using the enzymelinked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG avidity. T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin
M (IgM) were also determined by the ELISA. Moreover, the presence of T. gondii in blood
samples was diagnosed using the nested-polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR).

Results:

For T. gondii IgG, 17 (17.0%) of 100 and 39 (38.6%) of 101 cases were diagnosed in the control
participants and drug-addicted people, respectively [P=0.001, OR=3.071, CI= (1.591-5.929)].
Moreover, 16 (15.8) and 5 (5.0%) cases were positive for the B1 gene in the drug-addicted patients
and controls by the nested-PCR technique, respectively [P=0.019, OR=3.576, CI= (1.257-10.179)].
However, no significant differences were found between the opium (n=64) and crystal methamphetamine
(n=37) groups in terms of T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies and the presence of the parasite in
the blood (P>0.05).

Conclusion:

The present results demonstrated that the outbreak of the infection was more frequent in
narcotic drug-addicted persons than the controls using serology and molecular techniques.
Antihyperglycemic Effect of Rhamnus alaternus L. Aqueous Extract in
Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Eddouks Mohamed , Amtaghri Smail , Farid Omar , Lahrach Nadia , Slaoui Miloudia
Published: January 2023

aims:

The goal of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Rhamnus alaternus aqueous extract in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

background:

Traditionally, the aerial parts of Rhamnus alaternus L. have been widely used, in Mediterranean countries, including Morocco, for the cure of diabetes.

objective:

This work aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of Rhamnus alaternus aqueous extract (RAAE) in normal and diabetic rats. Then the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity and the potential toxicity of RAAE were also assessed.

method:

The effects of the acute (6 h) and sub-chronic (7 days) oral administration of RAAE (20 mg/kg) on blood glucose levels and lipid profiles were evaluated in normal and diabetic rats. Besides, a preliminary phytochemical screening, quantification of phenolic, flavonoid and tannins contents as well as the antioxidant activity, using the DPPH method, were evaluated. Additionally, the toxicity of the aqueous extract (5 mg/kg) was also studied and the LD50 value was determined.

result:

RAAE (20 mg/kg) over 7 days of oral administration decreased significantly the blood glucose levels both in normal and diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, this extract was also able to improve oral glucose tolerance. In addition, RAAE possessed a significant antioxidant activity. According to preliminary phytochemical research, RAAE contains several chemical compounds, including alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, cyanidins, anthraquinones and sterols. On the other hand, the quantitative phytochemical study of the aqueous extract revealed a considerable amount of total phenolic compounds (497.93±3.38 mg GAE/1 g of RAAE), flavonoids (100.42 ± 0.32 mg RE/ g of RAAE), and tannins (14.32 ± 0.37 mg CE/1g of RAAE).

conclusion:

We conclude that RAAE exerts a significant antihyperglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats at a low dose used. Indeed, more research is still required to support the use of this plant in the Moroccan population''s diabetes care.

other:

Not applicable
The Novel Role of the B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia 11A (BCL11A) Gene
in β-Thalassaemia Treatment
Authors: Lai Mei I , Mahmoud Ahmed Nahil Hassan
Published: January 2023

β-thalassaemia is a genetic disorder resulting in a reduction or absence of β-globin gene
expression. Due to the high prevalence of β-thalassaemia and the lack of available treatment other
than blood transfusion and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, the disease represents a
considerable burden to clinical and economic systems. Foetal haemoglobin has an appreciated ameliorating effect in β-haemoglobinopathy, as the γ-globin chain substitutes the β-globin chain reduction by pairing with the excess α-globin chain in β-thalassaemia and reduces sickling in sickle cell
disease (SCD). BCL11A is a critical regulator and repressor of foetal haemoglobin. Downregulation of BCL11A in adult erythroblasts and cell lines expressing adult haemoglobin led to a
significant increase in foetal haemoglobin levels. Disruption of BCL11A erythroid enhancer resulted
in disruption of the BCL11A gene solely in the erythroid lineages and increased γ-globin expression
in adult erythroid cells. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy represents an attractive
treatment option to overcome the immune complications and donor availability associated with allogeneic transplantation. Using genome editing technologies, the disruption of BCL11A to induce γglobin expression in HSCs has emerged as an alternative approach to treat β-thalassaemia. Targeting
the +58 BCL11A erythroid enhancer or BCL11A binding motif at the γ -gene promoter with
CRISPR-Cas9 or base editors has successfully disrupted the gene and the binding motif with a subsequent increment in HbF levels. This review outlines the critical role of BCL11A in γ-globin gene
silencing and discusses the different genome editing approaches to downregulate BCL11A as a
means for ameliorating β-thalassaemia.
Quantitative Assessment of High School Students’ Poly-drug Use: Related
Social Aspects and School Dropout
Authors: Rossi Carla , Fabi Francesco , Colasante Emanuela , Molinaro Sabrina , Scalia Tomba Gianpaolo
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Poly-drug use has increased in recent decades, especially in young drugusing
groups. Classic epidemiological indicators of drug use, such as prevalence and incidence of
users of specific substances, are not adequate as measures of the possible harms of poly-drug use.
We applied poly-drug use indicators, based on substance-specific harm scores reported by van
Amsterdam and Nutt in 2015, to data from high school student surveys, showing their usefulness
in identifying high-risk drug consumption. Analysing the ‘correlation’ between high-risk drug use
of high school students and school dropout allows the evaluation of adopted prevention policies
and may suggest more suitable approaches.

Methods:

Each drug user is characterized by two specific scores: overall frequency of use of substances
during the period of interest (FUS) and poly-drug use score (PDS). The poly-drug use
score is a weighted average of the harm scores of the individual substances used multiplied by
their respective frequencies of use. The PDS increases with the frequency of use, with the number
of substances used, and with the specific harm scores of each substance. This indicator consists of
two components, one representing the health harm score toward self and the other the social harm
score toward others.

Results:

The indicators have been applied to sample data involving youth population, specifically
the ESPAD®Italia survey data on high school students conducted annually in Italy. The trends of
poly-drug use at different ages of students, 15-19 years, over time, and gender have been studied.
The results have been linked to educational outcomes, early school leaving and social aspects,
making it possible to assess present prevention interventions and suggest appropriate planning of
future prevention interventions.

Conclusion:

Poly-drug use indicators allow a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the risks
of drug use. The analysis of the links between heavy use of drugs, school performance and dropout,
and the social variables that influence them, shown in this work, suggests how best to plan
secondary or indicated prevention interventions at school. The problem of including "new" NPS
in analyses is also briefly discussed.
Plant-derived Gums and Mucilages: A Food for Thought for
Researchers to Develop Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Bansal Keshav , Raghuvanshi Venu , Bajpai Meenakshi
Published: January 2023

Humans have been using plant-derived gums for a variety of purposes since the beginning
of time. Gums and mucilages are common natural materials utilised in both traditional
and innovative dosage forms. Natural polymers are found to be very effective after incorporation
in novel dosage forms to fulfill specific roles, resulting in improvements in drug delivery by increasing
the drug expulsion rate and absorption. Natural medicines and excipients are becoming
increasingly popular worldwide because of their inert nature, less toxicity, cheap and biologically
degradable, and ease of availability. Many patents like WO/2018/199924A1 and
WO/2004/094443A1 have been published on the uses of gums and mucilages in pharmaceuticals.
The plant-derived polymeric compounds (gums and mucilages) are discussed in this study,
along with their application and reported research and patents on their utilization in innovative
drug delivery methods.
MOFs and Their Composites as Catalysts for Organic Reactions
Authors: Olejnik Anna , Galarda Aleksandra , Kubiak Anita , Kotschmarów Marcelina , Ejsmont Aleksander , Chełmińska Agata , Kotula Martyna , Coman Simona M. , Goscianska Joanna
Published: January 2023

In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have significantly contributed to broadening the frontiers of science. Due to their distinctive properties including well-developed surface area, high porosity, multifarious composition, tunable and uniform pore structures, and comprehensive functionality, they were applied in different fields such as separation, drug delivery, fuel storage, chemical sensing, and catalysis. The application of pristine MOFs as materials that speed up the reaction rate could be restricted mainly because of the limited number of active sites and their low mechanical and thermal stability. In order to enhance their catalytic properties, metalorganic frameworks can be functionalized or integrated with a variety of materials to obtain composites or hybrids. The review outlines the state of art concerning the application of MOFs and their composites as catalysts in various organic transformation processes. A particular focus was given to the oxidation of alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkylbenzenes, alcohols, thiols, sulfides. Furthermore, the role of metalorganic frameworks in hydrogenation and C–C coupling reactions were also presented.
Health Promoting Properties of Grewia asiatica and Grewia tenax Berries: A Potential Role in Cancer, Diabetes, and Liver Diseases Prevention
Authors: Rajput Ankita , Sharma Palvi , Singh Hasandeep , Singh Balbir , Kaur Sarabjit , Arora Saroj
Published: January 2023

Himalayan regions are a great source of berries. Berries are well-known for their nutritional benefits, which include low calorie, high vitamin, and fiber content. For millennia, indigenous cultures have used edible berries for food and medical purposes. In Ayurveda, the consumption of fresh berries is recommended for their health benefits and the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases. They are also considered a part of the ‘Satvik Foods’ that promote health and wellbeing, inner happiness, stress reduction, and memory enhancement. Currently, berries are promoted as nutraceuticals for the prevention of cancer, diabetes mellitus, obesity, liver abnormalities, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Berries of plants belonging to the genus Grewia are traditionally used for nutrition as well as medicinal purposes, but these are less explored. In particular, the berries of Grewia asiatica and Grewia tenax species have been scantily explored for their medicinal properties and bioactive constituents despite their plenty of uses in folklore medicines. The focus of this chapter is to highlight the traditional uses, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological potential of G. asiatica and G. tenax berries along with mechanistic pathways of their action. Hopefully, such an attempt would attract the attention of basic researchers, the nutraceutical industry, natural therapists, Ayurveda practitioners, and the public at large.
Embracing gen-z's learning styles with a mobile enthalpy game application (MEGA) for thermochemical equation
Authors: Choo Sze Yee , Taha Hafsah
Published: January 2023

Gen-Z is digital natives with unique learning styles. Gen Z is attracted to mobile technology and interactive visual learning materials. Therefore, the mobile game application seems to engage Gen Z in learning abstract chemistry topics. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of an Android game app, mobile enthalpy game application (MEGA) to facilitate students to write thermochemical equations and study its effect on their achievement in the topic. The study involved 72 Malaysian science matriculation students which were divided into control and treatment groups. The impact of MEGA (treatment group) versus PowerPoint slides (control group) on students’ performance in writing thermochemical equations was compared. Results showed significant differences in pre and post-test scores for students in MEGA and PowerPoint groups. Students in the treatment group surpassed the control group's performance in the post-test scores. To conclude, the mobile game apps (MEGA) seemed to be able to promote gen Z’s achievement and interest in learning.