bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Washback of the performance-based test of reading for EFL learners
Authors: Wiyaka Wiyaka
Published: September 2020

The effect of tests on the teaching and learning, generally known as washback, has been recognized by scholars for a long time. However, studies on washback are usually addressed for high-stakes testing. This study investigates the washback effect of low-stakes test namely performance-based test used in measuring reading skills. Such a test is low stakes because it does not bring about serious consequence on the part of the students. The subjects of the research were 10 English teachers and 50 students of junior high schools in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through semi-structured interview and a questionnaire for both the teachers and students. The results showed that performance-based test gives positive effect in reading for the EFL learners in the areas of: students� enthusiasm in reading, reducing boredom in reading, students� curiosity on reading text content, and students� improvement on higher-order thinking skills. To the teachers it affects the areas of teaching methods, teaching materials, and time allotment.
A semiotic analysis of political cartoons on the first 100 days of Anies Baswedan government
Authors: Hasanah Nindya , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, information can be conveyed not only through words, but also through images. An image is also a form of one-way communication because, through an image, people can convey the meaning. This study aimed to describe Anies Baswedan�s political cartoons on his first 100 days as a governor. This study employed a qualitative research approach, and the content or document analysis as the research design. The researchers collected and analyzed the data dealing with the relationship between the utterances and Anies� cartoons on his first 100 days as Jakarta�s governor. In analyzing the data, some steps were taken: first, categorizing the sign into icon, symbol, index using a typology of signs; second, interpreting the meaning of the political cartoons; last, drawing conclusions based on the result of the analysis. The study found that the signs in those political cartoons had powerful meanings to convey the aspiration of Indonesian people freely towards Anies� government. Also, the fact that the cartoons were in the forms of images eased the readers in understanding the meanings behind them, and the political cartoons deal with the relationship between visual and verbal signs of cartoons because it will be helpful for the researchers to know about events depicted in those cartoons.The study also offers some potential use of cartoons for language teaching, even though the challenges of employing them are evident.
Pancasila as the cultural traits for Indonesian national religious identity in the era of globalization
Authors: Hariyanti Tatit
Published: September 2020

This paper is library research attempting to explore the way to maintain the local identity in globalization for Indonesian particularly their national religious identity. Taking and tracking documents in the form of data relating to the issues of globalization, religious identity, and� Pancasila and adopting the concept of grounded globalism by James L. Peacock which affirms and seeks embodied connectedness to locale, this paper shares the perspective that Pancasila is still qualified and deserve to be used as a basic foundation to maintain and strengthen the national religious identity of the Indonesian people in the global era. Indonesia does not need to be transformed by global identity. Indonesia has already had its own national religious identity which is global. The five principles of Pancasila need to be actualized as the ground and cultural traits of their global identity. By grounding global identity on Pancasila, Indonesians can enjoy globalization without losing its national identity.
Analisis Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor 25/III/2002 Terhadap Penetapan Ujrah Dalam Akad Rahn Di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Waru Sidoarjo
Authors: Alanshori M. Zainuddin
Published: September 2020

Sharia financial institutions are financial institutions that not only prioritize profit oriented, but also a financial institution that also puts the public good in accordance with the demands of sharia which is the foundation of all Islamic financial institutions. One application is to implement a moral and spiritual based service. This field research will answer the question. First, how is application of ujrah determination in contract of rahn in BMT UGT Branch Sidogiri Waru Sidoarjo? The second, how is the analysis of the DSN-MUI fatwa NUMBER 25/III /2002 on the determination of ujrah in the contract of rahn in BMT UGT Branch Sidogiri Waru Sidoarjo? Data collection techniques used are interview, document review, and observation, then analyzed by using descriptive analysis method, with deductive thought pattern, that is theory of rahn, ijarah, and fatwa of National Sharia Council (DSN) with general characteristics and then linked with the facts on the ground about the fatwa of DSN-MUI NUMBER 25/III/2002 on the establishment of ujrah in the contract of rahn in BMT UGT Branch Sidogiri Waru Sidoarjo with special characteristics. From the results of the study, the author concludes the application of the determination of ujrah in the covenant of rahn in BMT UGT Branch Sidogiri Waru Sidoarjo, namely the determination of ujrah through two contracts, namely rahn and ijarah contract. The procedures for the implementation of the contract are as follows: Rahin (customer) comes to murtahin (BMT) while delivering marhun (collateral goods) then the goods will be estimated. As a result of this, the rahin will be subject to administrative costs. Then rahin signs the agreement or contract of rahn. After that, to entrust the goods hock, rahin must implement contract of ijarah (contract to rent place). Consequently it arise ujrah. In this case, it means that customer must implement two barrage of contract. The determination of ujrah applied in BMT is not in accordance with the Fatwa DSN-MUI NO: 25/DSN-MUI/ III/2002 because the determination of ujrah is determined from the amount of the customerâ€™s loan, while the difference is the discount given to the customer for applying smaller loan. The determination of discount is determined from ujrah or ijarah fee charged to the customer. This discount is calculated based on the percentage of estimated value of customerâ€™s loan amount.Â Keywords: Ujrah Determination, Rahn Contract, DSN-MUI Fatwa
Mobilisasi Tabungan Antara Keuangan Formal Dan Informal Dalam Sistem Keuangan Syariah
Authors: Khoir Misbahul
Published: September 2020

Islam as a rule of life (nizam al-hayat) governs all sides of human life, including in terms of economic transactions, in doing saving activities too. So it also affects the institutions that receive savings funds. The definition of the Islamic financial system itself is a financial system that channels between parties who need funds and parties who have excess funds through financial products and services in accordance with the principles of sharia. The sharia principle is a principle based on the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah. In the Indonesian context, sharia principle is the principle of Islamic law in banking and finance activities based on fatwa issued by institutions that have authority in the establishment of fatwa in the field of sharia. From the background, the above description contains two important points. First, how is way of saving and investing from an Islamic point of view. Second, what is definition of Islamic Financial System. Both of these are first step in describing as problem in the scope of savings mobilization between formal and informal finance in the Islamic financial system. Islam forbids allowing idle assets, and encourages every wealth that we have to invest in the real sector. Saving is not a disbelief of the existence of sustenance from Allah SWT. Saving is a good management process of the provision of Allah SWT as a reflection of the attitude of our trust for sustenance given by Allah SWT. So it can be concluded, in the teachings of Islam, the saving is effort on the alert and as part of the household financial management process. By saving we have a time-forward perspective because it not only looks at short-term expenditures, but has made predictions of preparation for the future. Saving is part of self-control. By saving, it means that we are not carried by lust to meet the fulfillment of present or short-term satisfaction, but to control the fulfillment of our desire to be able to meet the needs of the future which is much more important. Saving is not a barrier for a person to give alms or zakah. People whose faith is strong and accustomed to saving then he will be able to expel zakah well and give alms more. People who are used to saving means having good financial planning. If so, the funds that he has will be more optimal, so will be able to pay zakah well and give alms more because the funds are well managed.Â Keywords: Saving Mobility, Formal and Informal Finance, Sharia Financial System
Solusi Penanganan Pembiayaan Bermasalah Di Bank Syariah Dalam Konteks Perundang-Undangan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Afif Mochammad
Published: September 2020

When the enactment of Act Number 7 of 1992 concerning banking there is another alternative form in addition to conventional banks that are known a bank based on the principle of profit sharing. Act Number 7 of 1992 concerning Banking has not yet used explicitly the term sharia bank or Islamic bank. The mention still uses the term â€œprofit sharing principleâ€. There is no more detailed provision regarding banks conducting business based on sharia principles. Financing is the majority of assets of sharia banks so that the financing must be maintained with quality based on the principle of prudence. The precautionary principle is a bank management guideline that must be adopted in order to realize a sound, robust and efficient banking system in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations. Implementation of prudential principles by sharia banks is one of which is realized in performing a financing analysis that is analyzing confidence on the willingness and ability of prospective customers of the facility receiver to repay all obligations in time, before the Sharia Bank and/or UUS channel funds to the facility receiver. This confidence is derived from a careful assessment of the time, ability, capital, collateral, and business prospects of a potential customer (character, capacity, capital, collateral, condition). The sharia bank in providing financing hopes that the financing proceeds smoothly, the customer obeys what has been agreed upon in the agreement and pays in full when it matures. However, it can occur within the financing period of non-performing financing. Efforts made by sharia bank to handle problematic financing by conducting a rescue of troubled financing with restructuring efforts if the customer still has good intentions in the sense of still willing to be invited to cooperate in efforts to save troubled financing, but if the customer has no conviction either in the sense cannot be invited in an effort to rescue non-performing financing, sharia banks will make efforts to settle non-performing financing.Â Keywords: Sharia Bank, Non Performing Financing, Handling Solution
Tinjauan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No: 75/Dsn-MUI/VII/2009 Terhadap Penjualan Langsung Berjenjang Syariah Di Tiens Syariah
Authors: Izini Suhardiman
Published: September 2020

In muamalah activity, Islam has provided a clear line of wisdom. Business or trade transactions are things that are highly regarded and glorified in Islamic teachings, whether done individually or in groups. The attention of Islam towards trading transactions has recently been responded positively by Muslims in the world, particularly in Indonesia. Sharia institutions have shown fast development marked by the growing number and variety of Sharia-labeled businesses. Multi-level marketing has also been affected by Muslimsâ€™ awareness of sharia-based behaviors in their daily lives. This has also been supported by the issuance of the fatwa from DSN MUI (Sharia National Council â€“ Indonesian Ulama Council) No. 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009 concerning Sharia multi-level direct selling (PLBS). This phenomenon has urged Tiens Indonesia to adjust their network system to the stipulations in the fatwa. This study aimed to analyze and describe as well as evaluate the network system applied by Tiens Syariah. Using the descriptive qualitative field study, the research is conducted in Yogyakarta Special Province. Data is gathered from observation, interview, and documentation. The obtained data was then analyzed qualitatively and explained descriptively. The result of research shows that based on Point 12 of the fatwa from DSN-MUI No. 75 Year 2009 concerning Sharia multi-level direct selling, the multi-level marketing company Tiens Syariah has fulfilled all the standards in Point 12. Therefore, the trading and network system of Tiens Syariah has been in line with the fatwa.Â Keywords: Sharia National Council fatwa, Shariah Gradual Direct Selling, Tiens Syariah
Ekonomi Politik Islam: Pendekatan Maqashid Al-Shariâ€™ah
Authors: Ubaidillah Ahmad
Published: September 2020

The Indonesian nation, which has undergone its independence for more than 70 years, experienced two major changes, namely in 1966 and 1998. 1966 gave birth to the New Order. The New Order period which lasted 32 years with a full orientation to pursue economic growth which was supported by security stability which killed democratic values. We have also gone through the reform era that was rolled out in 1998 which later gave birth to the state order as we feel today. During the 20 years or so of reformation, Indonesia's condition can be said to be more democratic even though it is still procedural which is marked by an election celebration party and post-conflict local election. However, economic orientation and development have almost no fundamental correction, no significant changes. The strategic economic policies taken by the government have not been in favor of the people. Potential economic resources are still held hostage by the interests of foreign countries. Both in the banking sector, insurance, capital markets, state-owned enterprises (BUMN), oil and gas mining and other economic sectors. The government only relies on the amount of economic growth, which does not contribute much to the real economy of the people. As a result, poverty and unemployment rates have not been significantly reduced. The quality of life of the people becomes low. In this paper, the author tries to study the economic growth which is always glorified by the ruling regime in the perspective of Islamic political economy. However, economic policies are inseparable from government political interference. Therefore, questions such as how is the political economy of Islam in view of economic growth amid the high poverty rate of the Indonesian people? Then what is the solution that Islamic political economy can provide in overcoming policies that are deemed not to benefit the people? From the discussion, the writer can provide some things that according to the authors are important to conclude. Islamic political economy is only one area of science that will be built based on the tauhid paradigm. Basically, all existing science needs to be built within the framework of the monotheistic paradigm. The emergence and development of Islamic civilization for more than a thousand years is always based on the Tawhid paradigm. At that time, all science was built on the basis of monotheism. The problem of economic development can be solved by tauhid paradigm.Â Keywords: Islamic Economic Politics, Maqashid al-Shariâ€™ah Approach
Analisis Efisiensi Kinerja Lembaga Amil Zakat Di Indonesia
Authors: Fathurrahman Ayief , Hajar Ibnu
Published: September 2020

In the span of 74 years of Indonesia's independence, poverty, unemployment and social inequality remain major problems in national development. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) recorded that as of March 2018, the number of poor people in Indonesia reached 25.95 million people or 9.82 percent of the total population of Indonesia. Seeing the problems that are so complex, it should be to pay attention to one solution in Islam to be able to prosper the community. Islam as rahmatan li al-â€˜a>lami>n has a solution through zakat, infaq and alms (ZIS) instruments. Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam consisting of shaha>dah, prayer, zakat, fasting and pilgrimage for those who are able. This study aims to analyze the level of efficiency of zakat management institutions in Indonesia in the period 2012-2016. The subjects in this study were the national zakat management organization with a purposive sampling technique. Of the 19 OPZs listed in the Ministry of Finance, two OPZs are chosen, namely the Rumah ZakatÂ  and Dompet Dhuafa. Data collection techniques use documentation techniques. The object examined is the financial statements for the period 2012-2016. The method used is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the production approach, input-output orientation and CRS assumptions. The results of this study show relative efficiency. National zakat management organization namely Rumah ZakatÂ  with a production approach, input-output orientation and CRS assumptions have Efficiency with 100% annual score. In the production approach, input-output orientation and the assumption of CRS Dompet Dhuafa have been Efficient in the first 3 years, namely in 2012, 2013 and 2014. However, in 2015 there was efficiency with an efficiency score of 78.71%Â  and in 2016 it was 64.33%. Inefficiency occurs in the variable total assets, costs of socialization, collection and distribution of zakat.Keywords: data envelopment analysis, efficiency, production approach, zakat management agency
Implementasi Pendayagunaan Zakat Produktif Terhadap Pemberdayaan Mustahiq Pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Hidayatullah Indra
Published: September 2020

Zakat can be utilized for productive efforts in the context of handling the poor and improving the quality of the people. Along with Allahâ€™s commands to Muslims to pay zakat, zakat is one of the pillars of Islam which is not only of a vertical dimension, but also horizontal aspect. Zakat is an important worship in anticipating social inequality in its implementation. It is still largely traditional and does not pay attention to the welfare of the people, in fact the development of muslims is the majority population of this nation and it has a huge potential to be used as a source of funds from zakat. The result of research shows that utilization of productive zakat in the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) of Lumajang Regency is to make people stand alone so that they can improve their standard of living and so as not to always depend on zakat funds. Mustah}iq empowerment in the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) Lumajang Regency is by running a productive zakat system for business capital assistance for the mustah}iq and consumptive zakat system. Utilization of productive zakat funds is one of the processes carried out by the Lumajang National Amil Zakat Board (BAZNAS) to make the mustah}iq be independent so that they can improve their standard of living and become muzakki> as has become the vision of the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) Regency Lumajang. The form of zakat fund utilization towards mustah}iq empowerment at the National Amil Zakat Board (BAZNAS) of Lumajang Regency is divided into two empowerments, namely consumptive and productive empowerment. Consumptive empowerment is the provision of funds that can be directly consumed by mustah}iq. While productive is the provision of capital in increasing business. Both in the form of funds and gifts in the form of work tools. The most effective thing in empowering the mustah}iq is empowering by using productive zakat funds which have benefited a lot of mustah}iq. Empowerment of zakat funds in relation is to convey part of the assets owned to a group called eight asnaf, namely the poor, poor, â€˜a>mil or administrators of zakat, muallaf, riqa>b (slaves), gha>rimi>n, fi> sabi>lilla>h and Ibn Sabi>l.Â Keywords: Implementation, Utilization, Productive zakat, Mustah}iq
Format Pengelolaan Dana Tabungan Haji Untuk Pembangunan Sektor Riil Melalui Skema Project Based Sukuk (PBS) Dalam Kajian Fikih
Authors: â€˜Aini Huril
Published: September 2020

One form of sharia financial instrument that has been widely issued by both corporations and the state is sukuk, sharia bonds. Sukuk emphasizes investment income not on the interest rate, but on the level of income based on the level of profit sharing ratio the amount agreed upon by both parties (issuers and investors) at the time of the contract. The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of the Project Based Sukuk (PBS) scheme of the hajj funding to fund the development of the real sector, especially infrastructure in Indonesia in the perspective of fiqh studies. In this study, the author conducts an analysis of the study of literature and scientific journals so as to produce a conclusion related to the application of PBS on hajj funding. This type of research is qualitative research. To obtain relevant data, data collection techniques such as rule review and literature study are used. The results show that the financing of infrastructure projects using PBS schemes sourced from hajj funds can be done with the following conditions: (1) sukuk issued in accordance with and fulfilling Islamic sharia rules and regulations (2) infrastructure benefits are primarily aimed at the welfare of prospective pilgrims and the general public (3) financing must be aimed at investment portfolios with low risk and provide guaranteed returns to maintain the security, usefulness and prudence of managing pilgrims funds (4) the majority of ulama agrees that the management of hajj savings funds may be invested in the project based sukuk.Â Keywords: project based sukuk, sharia bonds, hajj funding
Pola Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Pada Siswa yang Berkemampuan Setara
Authors: Febriyanti Rahma , Novitasari Novitasari
Published: September 2020

Pemecahan masalah merupakan hal penting yang harus dimiliki semua orang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola pemecahan masalah matematika berkemampuan setara. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu dua siswa yang memiliki kemampuan matematika sedang dengan selisih maksimal 5. Dalam memahami masalah, kedua siswa menggunakan pola sama yaitu terlebih dahulu membaca kembali masalah yang diberikan dan menyebutkan apa yang diketahui dan ditanyakan; dalam merencanakan penyelesaian masalah kedua siswa menggunakan pola sama yaitu mencoba-coba tetapi strategi yang digunakan dalam mencoba berbeda; dalam melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian kedua siswa menggunakan cara coba-coba untuk memperoleh bilangan yang sesuai, menuliskan jawaban secara langsung tanpa menyertakan perhitungan; dalam memeriksa kedua siswa menghitung ulang jawaban dan mengungkapkan tafsiran dari jawaban yang diperoleh.
Pengembangan Game Android Berbantuan Software Gamesalad untuk Siswa SMP Materi Perbandingan
Authors: Suci Nirmala Wulan , Hobri Hobri , Murtikusuma Randi Pratama
Published: September 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses dan hasil pengembangan game android untuk siswa SMP Kelas VII materi perbandingan berbasis game android berbantuan software GameSalad. Model pengembangan ini adalah model Thiagarajan dikenal model 4-D yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu tahap pendefinisian, tahap perancangan, tahap pengembangan, dan tahap penyebaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,93 dengan kategori valid ditafsirkan sangat tinggi dengan menggunakan uji validitas, uji kepraktisan menunjukkan persentase sebesar 82,5% yang berarti kategori baik dengan penggunaan angket respon siswa, dan tes efektif menunjukkan hasil 81,5% dari 32 siswa mendapatkan nilai diatas KKM. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa game android dalam materi perbandingan dapat dinyatakan sebagai valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk digunakan dalam belajar matematika.
Literasi Statistis Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Gresik
Authors: Wildani Junaidah , Triyana Illah Winiati , Mahmudah Wilda
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur literasi statistis  siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Gresik. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII J. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dan pendekatan yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Literasi statistis  siswa diukur dengan tes literasi statistis  yang validitas dan reliabilitasnya telah teruji.  Validitas tes dievaluasi oleh dua orang ahli secara formatif sedangkan reliabilitas tes dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus Kuder Richardson (KR 20). Penilaian validitas tes menunjukan bahwa tes valid, dan uji reliabilitas menunjukan bahwa koefisien reliabilitas   yang menunjukan tes cukup reliabel. Hasil tes menunjukan bahwa skor rata-rata tes literasi statistis  siswa adalah 63,2 (SD=8,28). Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa siswa kelas VIII J SMPN 1 Gresik memiliki kemampuan literasi satistis yang cukup
Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Mahasiswa PGSD dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Statistik
Authors: Nurkaeti Nunuy , Pratiwi Vira , Putri Fara Diba Catur
Published: September 2020

Kemampuan pemahaman matematis menurut Skemp dikelompokkan menjadi dua yaitu kemampuan pemahaman instrumental dan relasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemahaman mahasiswa PGSD masih kurang. Siswa yang berada pada kategori unggul sudah mampu menyelesaikan soal statistik yang mengkur kemampuan pemahaman instrumental dan relasional. Namun, dalam menyeleasikan soal yang mengkur kemampuan pemahaman relasional masih kurang efektif. Mahsiswa yang berada pada kategori papak dan asor hanya mencapai kemampaun instrumental.
Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kemampuan Pembuktian Matematis Siswa
Authors: Herizal Herizal
Published: September 2020

Kemampuan pembuktian matematis merupakan kemampuan penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Namun, kemampuan tersebut menjadi salah satu kemampuan yang sulit dikuasai siswa. Untuk mengatasi hal itu, perlu dikaji faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kemampuan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kemampuan pembuktian matematis. Kuesioner diberikan kepada 30 siswa kelas X salah satu SMA Swasta di Kota Bandung yang baru selesai belajar proses pembuktian matematis. Masing-masing butir pernyataan diberikan skor dan diurutkan dari skor tertinggi ke rendah, selanjutnya beberapa butir pernyataan tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam faktor baru berdasarkan urutan skor. Hasil menunjukkan faktor pengalaman menjadi faktor terkuat bagi siswa dalam memengaruhi kemampuan pembuktian matematis. Faktor berikutnya adalah faktor kemampuan, faktor waktu, faktor sikap dan motivasi, serta faktor guru.
Perbedaan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Melalui Pembelajaran Matematika Berbantuan Puzzle dan Geogebra
Authors: Asri Dinna Cilvia , Rahman Bobbi , Wijaya Surya
Published: September 2020

Kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa SMP belum optimal. Salah satu upayanya ialah dengan penggunaan media seperti puzzle dan GeoGebra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang belajar menggunakan puzzle dan GeoGebra serta ditinjau berdasarkan gender. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu dua kelas VIII SMPN 1 Kota Tangerang. Pengumpulan data dengan soal pretest dan postest berbentuk uraian. Berdasarkan uji ANOVA dua jalur disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa kelas puzzle dan GeoGebra. Apabila ditinjau berdasarkan gender, kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa tidak terdapat perbedaan. Selain itu, faktor media dan gender tidak sama-sama memengaruhi peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa.
Valores Ambientais como Mediadores da Influência de Altruísmo e Frugalidade Sobre o Sacrifício Material
Authors: Pires Pedro Paulo , Peixoto Julia Mulinari , Ribas Jr. Rodolfo de Castro , De Souza Marcos Aguiar
Published: September 2020

Um dos grandes desafios no estudo de valores ambientais perpassa o entendimento da relação dinâmica entre diferentes crenças e atitudes capazes de constituir uma rede de influência sobre o comportamento de consumo, dentre eles a disposição ao sacrifício material. Para o presente estudo, 391 participantes brasileiros, com idade média de M = 35.39 (DP = 12.5), 148 (37.9%) do sexo masculino, 243 (62.1%) do sexo feminino, responderam a Escala de Sacrifício Material, Escala de Familiaridade com a Natureza, Escala de Frugalidade, Escala de Altruísmo Autorreportado e um questionário sociodemográfico. As análises bivariadas apontam que sacrifício material apresentou correlações positivas com as dimensões de todas as medidas empregadas, incluindo frugalidade e altruísmo. No modelo multivariado, foi observado que valores ambientais servem como mediadores do impacto da frugalidade e altruísmo sobre o sacrifício material, com o modelo final atingindo ajuste satisfatório para a complexidade de sua estrutura, que inclui modelo métrico completo.
Dimensiones de identidad entre campesinos de una comunidad rural brasileña
Authors: Bonomo Mariana , de Souza (in memoriam) Lídio , Zandonade Eliana
Published: September 2020

Basada en la Teoría de la Identidad Social, la investigación se propuso identificar los elementos que componen las dimensiones de identidad, a partir de la pertenencia a la categoría social ruralidad. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales a 200 integrantes de cuatro generaciones de una comunidad rural, con edades entre 07 y 81 años, conducidas a partir de un guion estructurado. Se analizaron los datos a través del método de rotación varimax y de la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente, respectivamente, con ayuda de los softwares SPSS y Alceste. Los resultados indicaron antítesis que sustentan oposiciones entre los dos territorios: (1) ‘autosostenible vs. modo de producción capitalista’, (2) ‘igualdad vs. desigualdad’ (3) ‘familiaridad vs. no familiaridad’ y (4) ‘vida feliz vs. vida triste’. Se discuten las estrategias para mantener la identidad social campesina en el contexto social contemporáneo.
Abuso Sexual Infantil por Representantes de la Iglesia Católica: El caso chileno
Authors: Contreras Taibo Lorena , Maffioletti Celedón Francisco , Pereda Beltrán Noemí
Published: September 2020

Esta investigación describe las características de un grupo de 21 víctimas de abuso sexual por un representante de la Iglesia Católica en Chile. Se evaluaron las características de la victimización sexual y del victimario, la revelación, notificación y la vivencia de otras formas de victimización por personas no pertenecientes al clero. Los resultados muestran que los abusos se iniciaron en la pubertad, incluyeron contacto físico, fueron cometidos por varones, sacerdotes o párrocos, y fueron revelados por las víctimas en la edad adulta, notificando habitualmente a la propia Iglesia. La mayoría de víctimas también sufrieron malos tratos por parte de sus padres o cuidadores principales y abusos sexuales por parte de otras personas, lo que las convierte en polivíctimas y subraya la gravedad de estos casos.
¿Puede el optimismo mediar el efecto negativo de la ansiedad rasgo sobre el bienestar psicológico?
Authors: Gutiérrez-Carmona Andrés , Alday Mondaca Carolina , Urzúa Alfonso , Wlodarczyk Anna
Published: September 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto mediador del optimismo en la relación ansiedad-rasgo y el bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de educación superior. La muestra estuvo constituida por 332 estudiantes de educación superior de Antofagasta, Chile, con una media de edad de 21.8 años.  Se encuentra que el efecto negativo de la ansiedad-rasgo sobre las dimensiones de bienestar psicológico disminuye al incorporar al optimismo en la regresión.  Se concluye que el optimismo tiene un efecto de mediación parcial sobre las dimensiones del bienestar psicológico, salvo en crecimiento personal, donde ejerce una mediación total.
Comparison of Different U-Net Models for Building Extraction from High-Resolution Aerial Imagery
Authors: Erdem Fırat , Avdan Uğur
Published: September 2020

Building extraction from high-resolution aerial imagery plays an important role in geospatial applications such as urban planning, telecommunication, disaster monitoring, navigation, updating geographic databases, and urban dynamic monitoring. Automatic building extraction is a challenging task, as the buildings in different regions have different spectral and geometric properties. Therefore, the classical image processing techniques are not sufficient for automatic building extraction from high-resolution aerial imagery applications. Deep learning and semantic segmentation models, which have gained popularity in recent years, have been used for automatic object extraction from high-resolution images. U-Net model, which was originally developed for biomedical image processing, was used for building extraction. The encoder part of the U-Net model has been modified with Vgg16, InceptionResNetV2, and DenseNet121 convolutional neural networks. Therefore, building extraction was performed using Vgg16 U-Net, InceptionResNetV2 U-Net, and DenseNet121 U-Net models. In the fourth method, the results obtained from each U-Net model were combined in order to obtain the final result by maximum voting. This study aims to compare the performance of these four methods in building extraction from high-resolution aerial imagery. Images of Chicago from the Inria Aerial Image Labeling Dataset were used in the study. The images used have 0.3 m spatial resolution, 8-bit radiometric resolution and 3-band (red, green, and blue bands). Images consist of 36 tiles and they were divided into image subsets of 512x512 pixels. Thus, a total of 2715 image subsets were formed. 80% of the image subsets (2172 image subset) were used as training and 20% (543 image subset) as testing. To evaluate the accuracy of methods, the F1 score of the building class was employed. The F1 scores for building class have been calculated as 0.866, 0.860, 0.856, and 0.877 on test images for U-Net Vgg16, U-Net InceptionResNetV2, U-Net DenseNet121, and majority voting method, respectively.
Od predmeta Mccann do predmeta F.J.M.
Authors: Mihelčić Gabrijela , Marochini Zrinski Maša , Šantek Renata
Published: September 2020

Autorice analiziraju praksu Europskog suda za ljudska prava povezanu sa
zaštitom prava na poštovanje doma iz članka 8. Europske konvencije za zaštitu
ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda s obzirom na pitanje razmjernosti.
Kategorija razmjernosti promatrana je kao kriterij osiguravanja zaštite i kao
materijalna pretpostavka za odlučivanje o razmjernosti miješanja države
ugovornice u pravo na poštovanje doma. Istaknuti su predmeti kod kojih je
iseljenje podnositelja zahtjeva uslijedilo u postupcima prisilnog namirenja
stvarnopravno osiguranih

tražbina i u tom je kontekstu istražena geneza kategorije razmjernosti od
njezina nužnog ispitivanja do odluke prema kojoj nema potrebe za ispitivanjem
razmjernosti.
Trabalho do enfermeiro com adolescentes nas estratégias saúde da família: desenvolvimento de ações educativas
Authors: Nietsche Elisabeta Albertina , Salbego Cléton , Terra Larice Gonçalves , Böck Andressa , Da Conceição Joseph Wrague , Cogo Silvana Bastos
Published: September 2020

Resumo: Objetivo: conhecer como são desenvolvidas as ações educativas voltadas aos adolescentes no contexto de trabalho do enfermeiro nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva-exploratória desenvolvida com 10 enfermeiros de Estratégias Saúde da Família. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no mês de maio de 2015, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados a luz da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias de análise, sendo, o desenvolvimento das ações educativas pela equipe da ESF; dificuldades no desenvolvimento das ações educativas. Conclusão: percebe-se que as ações educativas são desenvolvidas em coletividade, desde o planejamento e execução, na maioria das ESF, e nos locais onde isso não ocorre, os enfermeiros compreendem a necessidade de iniciar um trabalho em equipe. O enfermeiro é percebido como responsável por coordenar a equipe, e orientar o processo de preparação das ações educativas.
Existem infinitos naturais consecutivos não primos?
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: September 2020

Provamos que existem n números compostos consecutivos para qualquer valor de n. Em seguida, analisamos o caso em que n tende ao infinito.
ACOFT ANZOP SPIE Melb 2019 microwave signal processor
Authors: Moss David
Published: September 2020

We propose and demonstrate a reconfigurable microwave signal processor for fractional and regular Hilbert transform with 17 GHz bandwidth based on an integrated Kerr optical frequency comb source. Transmission responses and temporal characterization are experimentally demonstrated.
ACOFT ANZOP SPIE Melb 2019 RF Channelizer
Authors: Moss David
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate broadband radio frequency (RF) channelization based on a CMOS-compatible integrated optical micro-comb source, which provides a large number of wavelength channels as well as an RF operation bandwidth of ~90 GHz. We experimentally verify the RF channelization performance from ~1.7 GHz to ~19 GHz with a high spectral slice resolution of ~1.04 GHz.
Why does Necker Cube appear as the three-dimensional shape?
Authors: Hidaka Shohei , Takahashi Kohske
Published: September 2020

Visual perception, receiving a two-dimensional (2D) visual input, often constructs the three-dimensional (3D) perceptual image. Although there are generally multiple structures in the external world that give an equivalent two-dimensional retinal image, the perceptual process naturally and easily infer only one 3D structure as the solution. However, the following problems are not obvious at all: what kind of structure can be obtained as a 3D perceptual image from certain 2D information, and why do we get a three-dimensional perceptual image instead of a two-dimensional one. In the present study, we investigate this problem by untangling the Necker cube phenomenon, and propose a novel theory of three-dimensional visual perception from the viewpoint of the efficiency of information coding. Among the possible structures that can yield the 2D retinal image of the Necker cube, the structure of the typical three-dimensional perceptual image of the Necker cube maximizes the symmetry (in group theory). This maximization of symmetry is characterized by the pairs of adjoint functors (in category theory). Therefore, according to this proposed theory, "the Necker cube" in the three-dimensional space is perceived as the most efficient encoding of the two-dimensional retinal image.
Predictive structure or paradigm size? Investigating the effects of i-complexity and e-complexity on the learnability of morphological systems
Authors: Johnson Tamar , Gao Kexin , Smith Kenny , Rabagliati Hugh , Culbertson Jennifer
Published: September 2020

Research on cross-linguistic differences in morphological paradigms reveals a wide range of variation on many dimensions, including the number of categories expressed, the number of unique forms, and the number of inflectional classes. However, in an influential paper, Ackerman & Malouf (2013) argue that there is one dimension on which languages do not differ widely: in predictive structure. Predictive structure in a paradigm describes the extent to which forms predict each other, called i-complexity. Ackerman & Malouf (2013) show that although languages differ according to measure of surface paradigm complexity, called e-complexity, they tend to have low i-complexity. They conclude that morphological paradigms have evolved under a pressure for low i-complexity, such that even paradigms with very high e-complexity are relatively easy to learn so long as they have low i-complexity. While this would potentially explain why languages are able to maintain large paradigms, recent work by Johnson et al. (submitted) suggests that both neural networks and human learners may actually be more sensitive to e-complexity than i-complexity. Here we will build on this work, reporting a series of experiments under more realistic learning conditions which confirm that indeed, across a range of paradigms that vary in either e- or i-complexity, neural networks (LSTMs) are sensitive to both, but show a larger effect of e-complexity (and other measures associated with size and diversity of forms). In human learners, we fail to find any effect of i-complexity at all. Further, analysis of a large number of randomly generated paradigms show that e- and i-complexity are negatively correlated: paradigms with high e-complexity necessarily show low i-complexity. These findings suggest that the observations made by Ackerman & Malouf (2013) for natural language paradigms may stem from the nature of these measures rather than learning pressures specially attuned to i-complexity.
Direct Retrieval Bias for Categoric and Specific Memories for Negatively-Valenced Cues in Major Depression
Authors: Hallford David John , Matsumoto Noboru
Published: September 2020

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with reduced specificity in autobiographical memory. It has been argued that this tendency occurs through a failure of effortful generative retrieval, regardless of valence of cue word. However, we propose that in MDD general memories are likely to be recalled via direct retrieval, and direct retrieval is more likely for negatively-valenced cues. To provide a preliminary test of this, a large sample with MDD (N=298; M age=47.2) completed the Autobiographical Memory Test and indicated whether retrievals were generative or direct. Categoric and extended memories for negatively-valenced cues were more often directly retrieved than generatively retrieved, and more often than direct retrieval for positively-valenced cues. In contrast, categoric and extended memories for positively-valenced cues were more often generatively retrieved relative to generative retrieval for negatively-valenced cues. Relative to non-clinical samples, direct retrieval for negative-valenced cues was high. Retrieval method and valence may be moderating processes in the type of memories recalled. This preliminary work presents the possibility of an extension of theory on retrieval tendencies in MDD.
Better together? Regression analysis of complex survey data after ex-post harmonization
Authors: Haensch Anna-Carolina , Weiß Bernd
Published: September 2020

An increasing number of researchers pool, harmonize, and analyze survey data from different survey providers for their research questions. They aim to study heterogeneity between groups over a long period or examine smaller subgroups; research questions that can be impossible to answer with a single survey. This combination or pooling of data is known as individual person data (IPD) meta-analysis in medicine and psychology; in sociology, it is understood as part of ex-post survey harmonization (Granda et al 2010).However, in medicine or psychology, most original studies focus on treatment or intervention effect and apply experimental research designs to come to causal conclusions. In contrast, many sociological or economic studies are nonexperimental. In comparison to experimental data, survey-based data is subject to complex sampling and nonresponse. Ignoring the complex sampling design can lead to biased population inferences not only in population means and shares but also in regression coefficients, widely used in the social sciences (DuMouchel and Duncan 1983 and Solon et al. 2013). To account for complex sampling schemes or non-ignorable unit nonresponse, survey-based data often comes with survey weights. But how to use survey weights after pooling different surveys?We will build upon the work done by DuMouchel and Duncan (1983) and Solon et al. (2013) for survey-weighted regression analysis with a single data set. Through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, we will show that endogenous sampling and heterogeneity of effects models require survey weighting to receive approximately unbiased estimates after ex-post survey harmonization. Second, we focus on a list of methodological questions: Do survey-weighted one-stage and two-stage (meta-)analytical approaches perform differently? Is it possible to include random effects, especially if we have to assume study heterogeneity? Another challenging methodological question is the inclusion of random effects in a one-stage analysis.Our simulations show that two-stage analysis will be biased if the weights' variation is high, whereas one-stage analysis remains unbiased. We also show that the inclusion of random effects in a one-stage analysis is challenging but doable, i.e., weights must be transformed in most cases. Apart from the MC simulations, we also show the difference between two-stage and one-stage approaches with real-world data from same-sex couples in Germany.
Cultural omnivorousness and status inconsistency in Chile: the role of objective and subjective social status
Authors: Olivos Francisco , Wang Peng
Published: September 2020

Sociological research has long shown that cultural participation is socially stratified. We build on this literature to discuss the role of the subjective and objective dimensions of stratification, and how they are linked to practices of social distinction through cultural consumption. The aim of this study is to understand (1) the effect of subjective and objective social status on patterns of cultural participation, and (2) the implications of the status inconsistency between objective and subjective social status. We use a probabilistic and representative sample of the Chilean urban population over the age of 18. Latent class analyses show that a significant proportion of Chileans can be considered cultural omnivores. Multinomial diagonal reference models suggest that omnivorousness is positively predicted by subjective and objective social status. Moreover, regarding inconsistency, objective social status is prominent in the explanation of omnivorousness for both status-underestimating (SSSOSS). These findings provide important insights for discussing the implications of status inconsistency on cultural consumption.
कवि माधव घिमिरेको राष्ट्रिय झण्डा कवितामा अलङ्कारविधान Kabi Madhav Ghimireko Rastriya Jhanda Kabitama Alankarbidhan
Authors: न्यौपाने Neupane सुभाषचन्द्र Subashchandra
Published: September 2020

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा कवि माधव घिमिरेको ‘राष्ट्रिय झण्डा’ कवितालाई अलङ्कार सिद्धान्तका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । काव्यसाहित्यको आस्वाद्य तइभ्वका रूपमा अलङ्कार पूर्वीय काव्यसाहित्यमा स्थापित पुरानो काव्यमान्यता हो । कवि घिमिरेको २००४ सालमा लेखिएको र विभिन्न शैक्षिक तहमा पाठ्यक्रममा समाविष्ट ‘राष्ट्रिय झण्डा’ कवितामा पूर्वीय काव्यशास्त्र परम्परामा स्थापित अलङ्कारको प्रयोग के कसरी र कुन रूपमा गरिएको छ भन्ने कुराको विश्लेषण यस लेखमा गरिएको छ । अलङ्कार प्रयोगका कारण यस कवितामा कवि घिमिरेको राष्ट्रभक्ति के कसरी प्रकट हुन सकेको छ भन्ने कुराको विश्लेषण गरी राष्ट्रिय झण्डाकै कारण हामी विश्वभर वीर नेपाली भनेर चिनिन पाएका छौँ, यही झण्डाले गर्दा हाम्रो छाती निर्धक्क भएर फुलेको हुन्छ, यही झण्डाले हिमालको चुचुरोमा सधैँ फर्फराएर हाम्रो आदर्शलाई उच्च बनाइ राखेको छ भन्ने कुरालाई विभिन्न अलङ्कारहरूले अलङ्कृत गरी प्रस्तुत गरेका छन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखको सामग्री विश्लेषणका क्रममा प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा कवि माधव घिमिरेको ‘राष्ट्रिय झण्डा’ कवितालाई लिइएको छ भने द्वितीयक सामग्रीका रूपमा अलङ्कार सिद्धान्तसँग सम्बन्धित सामग्रीहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । कविता विश्लेषणका क्रममा वर्णनात्मक, व्याख्यात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरी अलङ्कार प्रयोगका कारण ‘राष्ट्रिय झण्डा’ कविता के कस्तो आस्वादनयुक्त, अर्थगम्भीर र कलात्मक बन्न पुगेको छ भन्ने कुरा स्पष्ट पारिएको छ ।