bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational Justice
Authors: Ismailov Nurmagomed
Published: April 2023

Separate issues of possible relations between generations in the context of the concept of social justice are investigated. Special attention is paid to the need to preserve the environment, natural resources, the preservation of life on earth, biological diversity, the need to search for alternative energy sources, to ensure favorable living conditions for future generations. The author draws attention to the theoretical difficulties in unambiguously defining the rights of future generations, to the difficulties of their legal formulations. The author explores the problem of justice in relations between generations from the point of view of the materialistic understanding of history, the dialectic of social existence and social consciousness, the relationship of needs, interests and values, the principle of development and the principle of historicism. The study of possible relations between generations in the context of the realities prevailing in the modern world contributes to the reassessment of the established values of modern society and the formation of a new worldview that takes into account the need to preserve peace, the cultural heritage of mankind, natural resources, human habitat, biological diversity, the transfer of resources to future generations. In this regard, there is a reassessment of the known norms of justice, morality and law. Modern interpretations of global problems, including issues of intertemporal justice, were a reflection of new historical realities. The creation of favorable conditions for future generations should not harm the necessary and reasonable needs of modern society.
Trapping of single atom and precise control of its coupling strength in micro-optical cavity
Authors: Yan Wei-Zhi , Fan Qing , Yang Peng-Fei , Li Gang , Zhang Peng-Fei , Zhang Tian-Cai ,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: April 2023

Cavity quantum electrodynamic system with strongly coupled single atoms provides a good platform for studying quantum information processing, quantum simulation, quantum network, and distributed quantum computing. Cooling and trapping single atoms is a crucial technique in the quantum technology. At present, in a high-finesse cavity with finite space, cooling and trapping single atoms is a big challenge, even though it is a mature technique for free space. Great efforts have been made to cool and trap single atoms inside a cavity, and for a trapped atom its lifetime has reached as long as tens of seconds. Developing a more flexible method of cooling and trapping single atoms in a cavity is still essential for a strongly coupled cavity quantum electrodynamic system. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally that a single cesium atom in a cavity can be trapped by utilizing a single optical tweezer settled in cavity mode, and its lifetime is (2.60 ± 0.18) s. The experiment is carried out in a Fabry-Perot cavity, which is assembled by two concave mirrors each with a curvature radius of 100 mm, and cavity length of 335 μm. The concave surfaces are highly reflective, and the cavity has a finesse of 6.1 × 104. The 1080 nm optical tweezer with a waist of 2 μm is formed by an achromatic lens group with a numerical aperture of 0.4. At first, the precooled atomic assemble released from the magneto-optical trap (MOT) is transferred into cavity mode by an optical dipole trap with a waist of 36 μm. Then, one of the successfully transferred atoms is captured by the optical tweezer with the aid of cavity cooling mechanism. A blue detuned cavity locking laser is used as a standing-wave optical trap along the cavity axis. The signal of successfully trapped one atom is obtained by recording transmission of the cavity that will decrease owing to the strong coupling induced vacuum Rabi splitting. Finally, we demonstrate the precise manipulation of the atom-cavity coupling strength, which is achieved by scanning the position of the trapped atom step by step by using a high-precision translation stage. The system realized in this work can be used to study the dynamics of single atom-photon interactions with adjustable coupling strength. In addition, the mechanism adopted in this work is compatible with constructing tweezer arrays inside cavity mode, and thus possesses more flexibility and great potentials in cavity-based quantum entanglement and quantum simulation.
Autoinhibited kinesin-1 adopts a hierarchical folding pattern
Authors: Tan Zhenyu , Yue Yang , da Veiga Leprevost Felipe , Haynes Sarah E. , Basrur Venkatesha , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. , Verhey Kristen J. , Cianfrocco Michael A.
Published: April 2023

Conventional kinesin-1 is the primary anterograde motor in cells for transporting cellular cargo. While there is a consensus that the C-terminal tail of kinesin-1 inhibits motility, the molecular architecture of a full-length autoinhibited kinesin-1 remains unknown. Here, we combine cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS), electron microscopy (EM), and AlphaFold structure prediction to determine the architecture of the full-length autoinhibited kinesin-1 homodimer [kinesin-1 heavy chain (KHC)] and kinesin-1 heterotetramer [KHC bound to kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1)]. Our integrative analysis shows that kinesin-1 forms a compact, bent conformation through a break in coiled coil 3. Moreover, our XL-MS analysis demonstrates that kinesin light chains stabilize the folded inhibited state rather than inducing a new structural state. Using our structural model, we show that disruption of multiple interactions between the motor, stalk, and tail domains is required to activate the full-length kinesin-1. Our work offers a conceptual framework for understanding how cargo adaptors and microtubule-associated proteins relieve autoinhibition to promote activation.
Urinary complement proteins in IgA nephropathy progression from a relative quantitative proteomic analysis
Authors: Niu Xia , Zhang Shuyu , Shao Chen , Guo Zhengguang , Wu Jianqiang , Tao Jianling , Zheng Ke , Ye Wenling , Cai Guangyan , Sun Wei , Li Mingxi
Published: April 2023

Aim

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Urine testing is a non-invasive way to track the biomarkers used for measuring renal injury. This study aimed to analyse urinary complement proteins during IgAN progression using quantitative proteomics.

Methods

In the discovery phase, we analysed 22 IgAN patients who were divided into three groups (IgAN 1-3) according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Eight patients with primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) were used as controls. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labelling, coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, was used to analyse global urinary protein expression. In the validation phase, western blotting and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) were used to verify the iTRAQ results in an independent cohort (N = 64).

Results

In the discovery phase, 747 proteins were identified in the urine of IgAN and pMN patients. There were different urine protein profiles in IgAN and pMN patients, and the bioinformatics analysis revealed that the complement and coagulation pathways were most activated. We identified a total of 27 urinary complement proteins related to IgAN. The relative abundance of C3, the membrane attack complex (MAC), the complement regulatory proteins of the alternative pathway (AP), and MBL (mannose-binding lectin) and MASP1 (MBL associated serine protease 2) in the lectin pathway (LP) increased during IgAN progression. This was especially true for MAC, which was found to be involved prominently in disease progression. Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) and α-galactosidase A (GLA) were validated by western blot and the results were consistent with the iTRAQ results. Ten proteins were validated in a PRM analysis, and these results were also consistent with the iTRAQ results. Complement factor B (CFB) and complement component C8 alpha chain (C8A) both increased with the progression of IgAN. The combination of CFB and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) also showed potential as a urinary biomarker for monitoring IgAN development.

Conclusion

There were abundant complement components in the urine of IgAN patients, indicating that the activation of AP and LP is involved in IgAN progression. Urinary complement proteins may be used as biomarkers for evaluating IgAN progression in the future.
Respuesta sísmica para una edificación residencial de concreto armado acorde a las normas sudamericanas de la zona del Pacifico
Authors: Alvarado Mamani J.A. , Aguilar Chuquimia H. A.
Published: April 2023

En el presente trabajo se realizó la estimación de la respuesta sísmica de una edificación de concreto armado representativa de residencias multifamiliares modernas de mediana altura de la zona sur del Perú, en concordancia con las normas sísmicas de la zona del pacifico correspondientes a las directivas oficiales vigente del Perú (E.030,2018), Chile (NCh433, 2012) y Ecuador (NEC, 2015), empleando para ello el análisis modal espectral con el propósito de destacar los aspectos más relevantes en las normas e identificar posibles parámetros ausentes que influyen de forma destacada sobre la demanda estructural. El análisis contempló la estimación de las fuerzas cortantes, la aceleración espectral y el desplazamiento relativo de entrepiso abarcando variables cómo la zonificación sísmica, tipología de suelos, categoría de úso, sistema estructural, entre otros; contemplando el planteamiento de un esquema uniforme para la comparación de límites entre los desplazamientos relativos de entrepiso establecidos en cada norma. El proceso se realizó a partir de modelos numéricos de un edificio de concreto armado de 10 niveles constituido por pórticos y muros estructurales; encontrándose, entre otros, que la mayor demanda de aceleración a nivel de superficie en las regiones costeras para un suelo rocoso (Vs ≥ 900 m/s) corresponde al Perú, seguida de Ecuador y Chile. Se concluye en general, que las mayores demandas y los limites más restrictivos para las diferentes zonas sísmicas y diferentes condiciones de suelo corresponden a las disposiciones reglamentarias de Perú.
Análisis temporal de anomalías de la productividad primaria asociada a eventos de incendio, en bosques mediterráneos de Chile y España
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Aguayo Villablanca Francisco Antonio
Published: April 2023

La presente investigación busca analizar las características de los incendios forestales en Chile y en España a partir del estudio de cambios abruptos en la productividad primaria potencial en series temporales de NDVI – MODIS (2001-2017). La detección de los cambios se realiza mediante la descomposición de series temporales de NDVI bajo el método BFAST, el cual permite evaluar estadísticamente la presencia de quiebres en la tendencia de la serie temporal. A partir de las detecciones de anomalías, se registran las fechas de detección de los quiebres en la serie de tiempo de NDVI (T), el valor de base de NDVI (VB), la magnitud del quiebre (MQ) y la pendiente (pNDVI) generada desde el quiebre detectado hasta el próximo quiebre o hasta el término de la serie de tiempo. Para estudiar estas métricas se practicaron análisis estadísticos, comparaciones de medianas, clasificación de variables y métodos de regresión. Los resultados a nivel estadístico para las MQ promedio de las rupturas, entregan valores mayores en el caso español, seguramente debido a el menor número de quiebres detectados y la presencia de múltiples eventos extremos del año 2012. Se observan también altos valores en las pNDVI, asociados probablemente a bosques con adaptaciones de regeneración frente al fuego entregando una mayor resiliencia de estas comunidades. En Chile los quiebres se expresan durante toda la temporalidad analizada, con un notorio aumento en el número y MQ de los eventos en las décadas más recientes. En cuanto a las pNDVI en Chile Central, se evidencian bajos valores promedio, lo que indica una lenta capacidad de recuperación del sistema. Si bien se observan algunos patrones similares en términos estadísticos, las respuestas en la detección de anomalías son principalmente divergentes en lo observado para las dos regiones en estudio. En términos comparativos responde probablemente a distintas estrategias en la gestión del territorio y de los incendios forestales. La clasificación de los quiebres genera un indicador de la intensidad de afectación y la recuperación posterior a una anomalía permitiendo evidenciar patrones espacio temporal de este tipo de cambios. Por su parte el modelo que predice las MQ permite evidenciar la importancia de las variables VB (estado productivo previo al cambio), así como las variables climáticas (temperaturas y precipitaciones). Mientras que la pNDVI es una respuesta modelada principalmente por la intensidad del cambio (MQ), donde a mayor productividad en general mayores son los quiebres en la tendencia. Los resultados permiten analizar desde una perspectiva poco estudiada la productividad primaria a escala regional, entregando una caracterizar de las dinámicas espacio temporales de anomalías significativas en respuesta a incendios forestales de ecosistemas mediterráneos.
Cultura de leña : consumo y almacenamiento, estrategias de diseño para mejorar el desempeño energético de las viviendas en la ciudad de Valdivia y reducir el consumo residencial de leña
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos, Reyes Bram Camila Paz
Published: April 2023

La Región de Los Ríos es la segunda región que más consume leña en el país, después de la Región de Los Lagos, con un consumo de 498.000 m3 de leña al año en el sector residencial, con la ciudad de Valdivia como principal consumidor con el 44% del total. Este elevado consumo de leña para calefacción es una de las principales causas del alto índice de contaminación atmosférica en la ciudad, al ser responsable del 94,1% de las emisiones totales anuales de materiales particulados (MP2,5). Esto se origina principalmente por tres factores: la mala calidad de la envolvente de las viviendas, que provoca que éstas tengan un mal desempeño energético frente a las condiciones climáticas de la zona y requieran una mayor cantidad de leña para ser calefaccionadas; la baja eficiencia de los calefactores, provocada por la combustión lenta o ahogada; y el alto porcentaje de humedad en la leña utilizada, debido a que la compra de leña certificada no es obligatoria y se requiere de un espacio adecuado para su correcto almacenamiento, para evitar que ésta adquiera grandes porcentajes de humedad y empeore su calidad. Si bien se han implementado medidas con el objetivo controlar la elevada contaminación atmosférica en el sector, como el recambio de calefactores o el incentivo del consumo de leña seca, falta que éstas propongan soluciones de transición energética que consideren los patrones de uso de la energía en las viviendas. Patrones asociados a los aspectos sociales, culturales y económicos que determinan el comportamiento de los usuarios y su relación diaria con el consumo de leña. En base a esto, se estudian las poblaciones Yáñez Zabala y Pablo Neruda, dado que cumplen con las características de referente para el análisis del problema, con el objetivo de optimizar el consumo de leña en sus hogares y reducir proporcionalmente su contaminación atmosférica, a través de estrategias de diseño, como el reacondicionamiento térmico de las viviendas y la propuesta de un espacio intermedio destinado al almacenamiento de este combustible, en respuesta a un estudio previo de los patrones de consumo de los residentes en el sector estudiado.
Estrategias de activación de humedales urbanos como infraestructura verde resiliente : el caso de Tres Puentes, Punta Arenas
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Arquitectura, Valle P. Gerardo
Published: April 2023

Los humedales son paisajes acuáticos, son cunas de biodiversidad, fuentes de agua y ricos ecosistemas que proporcionan recursos para el ser humano y para la conservación de la naturaleza. En Chile existen más de cuarenta mil humedales, sin embargo en la población predomina un desconocimiento general sobre la existencia de estos paisajes y de su valor ecológico. En la presente tesis se aborda la situación del Humedal Tres Puentes, ubicado en la ciudad de Punta Arenas, en la zona del extremo sur de Chile. El humedal se encuentra en una zona geográficamente marcada por la presencia del Estrecho de Magallanes, su clima extremo y rica avifauna en conexión a un circuito de humedales. Este paisaje corresponde a un humedal urbano que está situado al extremo norte de dicha ciudad. Su origen se remonta cerca de sesenta años atrás, cuando era una cuenca hídrica que derivaba al mar y cuyo drenaje natural fue bloqueado por el crecimiento urbano. Con el pasar de los años este espacio continuó un proceso de transformación afectado en parte también por el desarrollo de áreas industriales y habitacionales. Junto con la indefinición de sus bordes, el humedal actualmente presenta un importante grado de contaminación debido a su uso como depósito de basura y de aguas servidas. El Humedal Tres Puentes presenta una oportunidad de restauración ecológica como paisaje degradado. En las cerca de cincuenta hectáreas que lo conforman se pueden incorporar criterios de manejo para asegurar su restauración y conservación y de este modo, activar un paisaje existente de modo de constituirse en una infraestructura verde. Darle el carácter de infraestructura verde a este humedal representa una oportunidad para aportar a la resiliencia urbana de la ciudad de Punta Arenas. La activación del humedal puede entregar a la ciudad un espacio para la recreación, mejorar la conexión ambiental y urbana, incorporar el sistema hídrico y la función de drenaje de la zona y aportar para la conservación de la avifauna del lugar y de su alta biodiversidad. Por otro lado, plantear el Humedal Tres Puentes en sí mismo como una infraestructura verde resiliente, permite asegurar su reparación y conservación ante los emergentes factores del paisaje. Para desarrollar una estrategia de activación resulta necesario conocer la normativas definidas en el sistema legal y administrativo del país para las áreas de protección ambiental. Conociendo las herramientas y estrategias de gestión existente y en particular, las políticas públicas dirigidas a la protección de los humedales urbanos, se espera definir un plan de manejo para el Humedal Tres Puentes.
Del hogar a la ciudad : alcances productivos del espacio doméstico
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Arquitectura, Moya Vuskovic Javiera
Published: April 2023

La presente investigación se basa en la “Olla común de vecinos San Borja/San Isidro”, cuyo análisis se traduce en cuatro trabajos independientes: tres proyectos de título a partir del desglose de la situación en capitales cuantificables y la tesis a continuación. La situación presenta instancias de planificación y de ejecución de la olla común que significan una apropiación- tanto material como humana- de hogares y calles que exploran nuevas fronteras. Bajo este interés se investiga el cuestionamiento de los límites programáticos entre lo que se puede entender en un inicio como lo público y lo doméstico. Ante la problematización del rol del espacio doméstico y cómo este se puede alterar a partir de sus capacidades productivas, la investigación explora la gestión de actividades a partir de ciertos roles en diversos contextos dentro y fuera del hogar. Se cuestionan las definiciones de lo que se puede entender como “trabajo” según una estigmatización social sobre los roles de género. Posteriormente se reconoce el desarrollo de actividades productivas dentro del espacio doméstico, fenómeno que se complejiza con el ingreso de la internet y redes sociales. Por último, se explora el desarrollo de labores domésticas en contextos grupales, desde casos de crisis hasta situaciones cotidianas, lo cual conlleva al análisis arquitectónico de cómo diseñar espacios de vivienda colectivos a partir de estilos de vida flexibles, pero a la vez especializados. Las distintas perspectivas responden a la problemática de forma complementaria, así promueven una mirada arquitectónica libre de limitaciones domésticas para las diferentes expresiones de géneros y modos de vida productiva.
Potenciar la recuperación de aprendizajes no desarrollados en contexto de pandemia : constituyendo un Equipo de Liderazgo Instruccional (ELI) para relevar aprendizajes claves en Razonamiento Matemático
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Muñoz Romero Catalina
Published: April 2023

Este trabajo de investigación-acción, valora el proceso de implementación de prácticas de liderazgo instruccional en un liceo técnico profesional de la comuna de Santiago, para potenciar la recuperación de aprendizajes descendidos en contexto de pandemia en la asignatura de matemática en segundo medio, utilizando horas de libre disposición. En este establecimiento se constituye un Equipo de Liderazgo Instruccional (ELI), conformado por el director, coordinadores y docentes, quienes buscan reducir las brechas de aprendizaje utilizando la asignatura de Razonamiento Matemático de 2° Medio, mediante la estrategia didáctica del aula invertida. Levantando datos de la institución, resultados de evaluaciones y entrevistas semiestructuradas, se recoge el impacto de las prácticas desarrolladas, en las que destacan los espacios de participación docente en la toma de decisiones pedagógicas y en la capacidad de resolución que tiene este espacio. Desde los resultados en evaluaciones y el análisis de las entrevistas, se releva una apreciación positiva de las medidas implementadas, sin embargo, se concluye que esto corresponde a una tarea paulatina con foco sostenido en la mejora. Además, destaca que la implementación del aula invertida debe ser un proceso que se evalúe en conjunto con la comunidad para designar los momentos adecuados de uso.
Prácticas y experiencias de retroalimentación sostenible desde la perspectiva de profesores de estudiantes de primer año universitario
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Bustos Riquelme Aníbal David Alejandro
Published: April 2023

La retroalimentación ocurre como respuesta a un proceso formativo de evaluación, con la finalidad de discutir la forma en que se ha llevado a cabo la tarea, y así evaluar y mejorar el desempeño (Zong et al, 2021). Cuando este proceso se debe llevar bajo circunstancias poco favorables (número alto de participantes en un curso, estudiantes de primer año universitario, falta de tiempo para la planificación de los comentarios), la retroalimentación puede resultar en menos aprendizajes. Nuevas propuestas de retroalimentación sostenible han sido entregadas, como la Retroalimentación Dialógica entre pares (Er et al, 2021), cuyas características responden a algunos situaciones como el número de estudiantes, la falta de tiempo, o la incapacidad de monitorear el seguimiento de todos con los limitados recursos existentes. El presente trabajo final de egreso busca examinar experiencias de retroalimentación sostenibles en docentes de inglés realizando clases a estudiantes universitarios de primer año en una universidad Chilena, visto desde la óptica del marco metodológico de Retroalimentación Dialógica entre Pares. La evidencia obtenida a través de entrevistas semi estructuradas sugieren que existen prácticas actuales y creencias que no necesariamente se ajustan a prácticas sostenibles, y que muchas veces se ven limitadas por elementos del trabajo en par, el uso del diálogo, o el establecimiento de metas. Sugerencias son aportadas posteriormente, y un posicionamiento profesional se despliega al final de este trabajo.
Traducción historiográfica : soluciones comunes y problemas impunes
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Letras, Pérez Ferretti Nicolás
Published: April 2023

Esta investigación refiere a la traducción historiográfica, entendida como la traducción de investigación hecha por historiadores. Si bien existen bastantes trabajos respecto a la traducción de ciencias sociales y humanidades, y sobre traducción filológica o histórica, no hay una línea consolidada de investigación traductológica sobre textos historiográficos. La pregunta planteada es cuáles son los principales desafíos de la traducción de historiografía y las posibles soluciones que puede tomar un traductor. El objetivo central fue el elaborar un texto orientativo que sirviera tanto para traductores profesionales como ocasionales. El principal desafío de este género radica en la presencia de fragmentos de fuentes primarias de lenguaje arcaico y recontextualizadas. Para este propósito, se compila un corpus de transcripciones de documentos del período colonial, se efectúan extracciones con Sketch Engine, se crean categorías de fenómenos recurrentes, se seleccionan manualmente las unidades en base a la experiencia propia y se proponen diferentes maneras de lidiar con ellos sobre la base de la perspectiva funcionalista, el uso de la nomenclatura de Hurtado Albir, y según las necesidades metodológicas de la labor historiográfica. El texto se estructura en categorías y subcategorías, con las respectivas descripciones breves del fenómeno, presentación y análisis de ejemplos, y tablas. Los hallazgos pueden agruparse en dos grandes categorías, la terminología jurídica-administrativa y los nombres de entidades. La primera se subdivide en términos monoléxicos, unidades fraseológicas, y abreviaturas, siglas y acrónimos. La segunda categoría comprende los nombres de individuos, lugares, entidades geopolíticas, cargos y roles, e instituciones socioeconómicas. Si bien las soluciones e implicancias varían según el caso, fue posible concluir que las técnicas empleadas con mayor frecuencia son el préstamo y la amplificación.
A cognitive approach to the teaching of phrasal verbs to EFL adult learners in blended courses
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Letras, Flores Díaz Paulina A.
Published: April 2023

The present action-research case study addressed the issue of phrasal verb learning in an EFL context. It aimed to evaluate the impact of a Cognitive Linguistics (CL) teaching methodology on students' retention of novel phrasal verbs with the preposition up. It also intended to assess the suitability of using metaphorical extensions of up to understand new phrasal verbs and to examine students’ perception of a CL teaching methodology for phrasal verbs learning. To do so, an AR cycle was developed, first implementing a pre-test to collect information about the students' previous knowledge on the subject, then implementing a pedagogical intervention and finally evaluating the results of the proposed methodology. This cycle was developed twice with two different groups of EFL learners enrolled in English blended courses and two different strategies were taken: representation and identification of metaphorical extensions of the preposition up. The results of this study showed that the proposed CL methodology seemed to have a positive effect on participants’ retention of novel phrasal verbs. These results are directly related to participants’ perception of this approach, which was also positive. Moreover, findings do not suggest a direct relationship between identification or representation of metaphorical extensions of up and understanding of novel phrasal verbs.
Safety and efficiency of bottle versus feeding cup for preterm infants : a systematic review
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Medicina, Sánchez Riveros Andrés Alejandro , Verdugo Paiva Francisca , Bravo Jeria Rocío
Published: April 2023

El objetivo del estudio es proporcionar una comparación de la eficiencia y seguridad de la alimentación en la alimentación con taza y biberón entre los bebés prematuros. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) que compararon alimentación con biberón y taza en RNPT. La estrategia de búsqueda arrojó 910 referencias, de las cuales finalmente se incluyeron 5 estudios. La evidencia sugiere que la taza aumenta en el logro de lactancia materna exclusiva al alta y lactancia materna exclusiva a los 6 meses después del alta y logra una mayor estabilidad de la saturación de oxígeno. Conclusiones: los ECA tienden a favorecer la alimentación con taza, sin embargo, la practicidad del método puede ser compleja en unidades neonatales; por otro lado, todavía hay pocos ensayos que hayan estudiado ambas intervenciones.
Comparative Evaluation of Novel Calcium Hydroxide-hydrogel with Calcium Hydroxide-iodoform as Obturating Material: A Protocol for an In-vitro Study
Authors: Solanki Dhruvi Raj , Fulzele Punit , Nilima Thosar Nilima Thosar
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Pulpectomy is one of the extensively done procedures in clinical practice, in which the pulp is extirpated, and the canal is filled with an obturating material. Modalities of pulp therapy in primary teeth are subtly different from that of permanent teeth, and so are the obturating materials. Calcium hydroxide has an optimum antimicrobial effect on the root canal of teeth. The success rate for Ca(OH)2 -iodoform paste ranges from 84% to 100%. A mixture of calcium hydroxide with iodoform is conventionally used due to its strong antibacterial property, but, high resorptive activity leads to increased periapical radiolucency in the long term. Chitosan, a hydrogel, is antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Aim: To prepare, optimise and characterise novel calcium hydroxide-hydrogel as an obturating material and compare it with conventional calcium hydroxide-iodoform. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study will be carried out at Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Chitosan-calcium hydroxide hydrogel will be formulated by soaking commercially available chitosan in 2% acetic acid solution. Calcium hydroxide will be added to this base in different concentrations for each sample and mixed in a magnetic stirrer. Twenty samples of calcium hydroxidehydrogel will be formulated and divided into three groups with concentration of 0.1, 0.55 and 1% w/v respectively and a control group with calcium hydroxide-iodoform will also be evaluated. Calcium ion release shall be checked through infrared spectroscopy techniques and pH through pH meter at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. To evaluate, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by post- a hog test will be used. Expected Results: Various composition of Calcium hydroxidehydrogel might prove to be better obturating material when compared to conventional Calcium hydroxide-iodoform paste. Conclusion: Within the scope of this study, Calcium hydroxidehydrogel can be a potential alternative to the available obturating materials for primary teeth.
Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Triphala and Chlorhexidine in One Stage Full Mouth Disinfection Treatment of Stage-II and III Periodontitis in Type-II Diabetes Mellitus Patients- A Research Protocol
Authors: Rathod Aishwarya , Jaiswal Priyanka , Bajaj Pavan , Masurkar Deepika , Chitlange Pooja
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The idea of Full-Mouth Disinfection (FMD) was presented in the early 1990s, the traditional method of treating periodontal disease, quadrant by quadrant over several visits. The FMD method has been recommended with a number of changes over time. Triphala, Ayurvedic medicinal herbal formulations is also useful in dentistry as antiplaque, antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory agent. As Chlorhexidine (CHX) is used from past years for full mouth disinfection, there is need to evaluate the efficacy of CHX as well as Triphala in diabetic mellitus patients. Need of the study: As CHX has been used for years to disinfect the entire mouth, a study comparing the effectiveness of CHX and Triphala in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) for full mouth disinfection will be done. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of triphala and CHX in the treatment of Stage-II and III periodontitis with one stage complete mouth disinfection in Type-IIDM patients. Materials and Methods: This experimental study will be done in Sharad Pawar dental College, department of Periodontics after obtaining the ethical clearance during September 2021 to September 2022. About 24 type 2 diabetic subjects with StageII and Stage-III periodontitis, will be randomly divided into test Group-And control group with 12 in each group. In Group-A, Full mouth disinfection will be done using CHX and in Group-B full mouth disinfection will be done using Triphala. After full mouth subgingival scaling and root planning, patient will brush the dorsum of the tongue for one minute with gel, the mouth will be rinsed two times with mouthwash for one minute, the pharynx will be cleaned with a spray, and all periodontal pockets will be irrigated (thrice within 10 minutes) with a gel. Clinical parameters will be evaluated at baseline and six months. The clinical parameters are Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Plaque Index (PI), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI). Paired t-test will be used to compare data within group for before and after treatment and unpaired t-test will be used to compare between the groups.
Association of Melasma in Patients with Thyroid Dysfunction and their Clinical Profile: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Patel Nishtha Hitendrabhai , Gangaiah Narendra , Thimmappa Veena
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Melasma may occur in thyroid diseases, and its manifestations may be the first presenting sign or even precede the diagnosis by many years. Melasma is difficult to treat. An initial screening of thyroid dysfunction will help in better management of both thyroid disorders and melasma. Aim: To detect the proportion of thyroid dysfunction in patients with melasma and describe the clinical profile of such patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study carried out in the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Karnataka, India from September 2020 to February 2022. Patient above or equal to 18 years of age with newly diagnosed melasma alone and no history of thyroid dysfunction were included in the study. A detailed history, using a preformed questionnaire, was taken. Wood’s lamp examination, to know the depth of pigmentation, along with thyroid dysfunction test, and antiThyroid Peroxidase (TPO) antibody was evaluated. Descriptive statistics data were analysed using a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Results: There were 100 patients with a mean age of 35.9 years, with a predominance of female (86%) and the majority (48%) of population were housewives. The distribution of lesion was either dermal (55%) or epidermal (44%). There were 65 patients with positive antiTPO; with men (85.7%) being significantly more than women (61.6%). The distribution of pigmentations was higher for the dermal pattern (55%), among females (46) and males (9), while only one mixed pattern was seen in males. Conclusion: Male melasma patients had higher positivity of antiTPO positivity than females, with significant antiTPO positivity. These patients showed more dermal pigmentations on Wood’s lamp examination.
Internal Quality Control Indicators in Cervical Smear Screening- Report From a Tertiary Care Center, India
Authors: Rajagopal Poongodi , Shankaralingappa Arundhathi , Vijayan Sharmila
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Quality indicators are one of the tools to monitor the Quality Control (QC) system and have revolutionised the field of laboratory medicine. Internal QC helps in identifying the nonconformities in lab from the moment sample reaches the lab and till the report is being despatched. This study was performed to evaluate the internal QC indicators of cervical smears with an intent to know where we stand, identify the lacunae and to improve performance of lab services. Aim: To evaluate the internal QC indicators of cervical smears in an effort to improve performance of lab services. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the year 2021. Archived reports of females >18 years of age who had undergone Papanicolaou (PAP) smears between August 2019 and August 2021 were collated from the Department of Pathology, AIIMS, Mangalagiri. Based on these reports, various internal quality indicators, including positivity rate, percentage of Atypical Squamous Cells (ASC) among satisfactory tests, percentage of ASC among abnormal tests {includes Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS), ASC-H, Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL), High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL), carcinoma} ASC/SIL ratio, ASCUS/SIL ratio, percentage of LSIL, percentage of HSIL, percentage of false negatives, percentage of unsatisfactory smears were calculated were calculated. Data was analysed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 15.0; IBM, USA) and descriptive statistical analysis was calculated for the quality indicators. Results: A total of 1227 PAP smear cases were analysed in two-year duration, out of which 41 cases were unsatisfactory (3.34%). The annual smear positivity rate ranged from 1.19% to 1.31%, ASC percentage among the abnormal tests- 40%, ASC percentage among the satisfactory tests- 0.50%, percentage of tests with LSIL- 0.08%, percentage of tests with HSIL- 0.25% and false negative rate- 0.16%. ASC/SIL ratio and ASCUS/SIL ratio were 1.50% & 1.25%, respectively. Conclusion: The internal QC indicators obtained in our study were lower than the recommended values by CAP/Bethesda. Thus, achieving benchmark in internal quality indicators is still far from reality as it depends on population screened incidence of cervical lesions and expertise of sampling team and cytopathologists. Regular audit improves screening ability of the test. Thus, every lab should try to achieve the internal quality indicator goals, which will ultimately result in building a good cervical screening system.
Assessing the Comparative Economics of Chickpea: FPO in Banda District of Bundelkhand Region
Authors: Sudhir  , Rai Rahul Kumar , Gupta B. K. , Kalia Abhishek , Gautam Yash , Panday Himanshu
Published: April 2023

This paper critically examines economics of the members and non-members chickpea growers of the FPOs in the Banda District of Bundelkhand region. The study was designed to explore the feasibility of chickpea production in Banda district, which encompasses eight blocks i.e. Badokhar Khurd, Jaspura, Tindwari, Naraini, Mahuva, Baberu, Bisanda and Kamasin. Among these, Mahuwa block was selected purposively, because it had highest number of FPOs. In Mahuva block, out of eight FPOs, four FPOs were selected. From the selected FPOs, 60 members who cultivated chickpea of their farm were sampled. 60 respondents who were not a member of any FPOs were selected from 4 villages. Total sample size were 120 respondents. The profitability analysis indicates that the total cost of cultivation for FPOs members was lower (Rs. 34821.03) per hectare and non-members was higher (Rs. 36186.01) per hectare. The analysis of return indicates about the total net return of FPOs members was Rs. 27542.72 per hectare and cost of production was estimated Rs.2161.45 per qtl., while the total net return for the non-members was Rs. 12922.88 per hectare and cost of production was estimated Rs. 2631.70 per qtl. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) for FPOs members was 1:1.79 whereas non-members were 1:1.35. This indicates that the FPOs members spends less and earns more in comparison to non-members of chickpea growers in the study area.
A Study of Socio-economic Profile of Farming Community in Hadoti Region of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh Vinay Kumar , Kumar Dheerendra , Jangid M. K. , Singh Kunwar Devdat , Mishra Anand Kumar
Published: April 2023

Aims: The present research aimed to study the socio-economic profile of the farming community of Hadoti region of Rajasthan state of India.

Study Design: In this study, the stratified random sampling method was used for the selection of farmers/respondents in the study area.

Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Hadoti region of Rajasthan in 2022.

Methodology: A total of 320 farmers were randomly selected from different district’s villages of the region. Total four districts Kota, Baran, Bundi and Jhalawar are in Hadoti region of Rajasthan. A total of 2-2 tehsils were selected from each district, 4-4 villages were selected from each tehsil and 10-10 farmers were selected from these selected village of each district. Thus, a total of 320 respondents were selected from Hadoti region for this study.

Results: The study found that majority of the farmers were small and marginal farmers with an average land holding of less than 2 hectares. Most of the farmers belonged to the 31–45-year-old group and most belonged to the Scheduled Castes. His 66.25% of farmers were engaged in agriculture, and the education level of the majority of farmers (25.31%) was his eighth level. According to the data obtained in the study, the respondents were from joint families (53.44%). The houses of the farmers were mostly (58.13%) both mud (kutcha) and solid (pucca). The study also revealed that the farming community faced various challenges including low education level, insufficient agricultural resources and lack of knowledge of new technology.

Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a need for policy interventions to improve the socio-economic conditions of the farming community in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan. The annual income of the farmers of the selected area is low due to the availability of agricultural resources in them.
Effect of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) Aqueous Extract on Neuromuscular Functions of Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Zitte Leelee Famii , Edem Udoh, Matthew
Published: April 2023

Ocimum gratissimum (O.G.) (scent leaf) has been used for the treatment of various disease situations from ancient time because of its anti-convulsion, anti-diabetic anti septic, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant properties. In the present study, the effects of O.G extract preparation was evaluated on the neuromuscular system of the albino Wister rat (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty five young animals of 40-90g were used for the experiment. They were divided into five groups of five animals per group. The different groups (groups 2, 3, 4, and 5) were administered with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg, and 800mg/kg daily, respectively while group 1 was used as the control. The neuromuscular activities were assessed and studied by using scientific assays like the handgrip test, inverted screen test, swimming test, and the beam walking for checking non-declarative memory function. From the result obtained , One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean values among the different groups. Differences were considered significant whenever the p-value was P ≤ 0.05. From the different results evaluated it was observed that in handgrip test, groups 2, 3 and 5 with hanging time of 11.7±1.18, 13.55±1.37 and 11.5±0.52 respectively were significantly different ≤ 0.05 from the control with 6.6±1.13 second hanging time. Beam walking had a dose dependent slowness in walking across the beam among the treated groups as compared with the control. Inverted screen test has group 3 with the highest performance time of 20.55±8.42 which was significantly higher than the control with 8.4±1.98 seconds This result reveals that the administration of O.G. have significant effect on the cognitive, coordination and neuromuscular functions of the albino rats. It also shows a window of effectiveness of the extract on neuromuscular activities.
Assessment of Timber Harvest in Ondo State, Nigeria between 2013 and 2019
Authors: Adeyekun O. J. , Adekunle V. A. J. , Oyerinde O. V.
Published: April 2023

The high rate of timber harvest from the forest without any replacement is hostile to the achievement of the objectives of sustainable forest management in Nigeria. The study was carried out to investigate the rate of timber harvest in Ondo state, Nigeria. Secondary data on logging activities from both forest reserves and free areas between 2013 and 2019 in the three forestry administrative zones - Akure, Ore, and Okitipupa were collected from the Ondo state department of forestry official records, files and annual reports. Analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference in the number of stems and volumes extracted between 2013 and 2019 in the study area. Results revealed that 49,063 and 8409 stems were harvested from free areas and reserves respectively within this period. It was showed that 118323.0m3 and 19022.1m3 stem volume were also removed from free areas and forest reserves respectively. Generally, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the number of stems and volumes removed from free areas and forest reserves within these years. The study concluded that unregulated timber harvest is a threat to biodiversity conservation and recommended that conservative measures should be put in  place to protect forest areas from deforestation and that more protected area should be established.
Growth and Productivity of Pigeon Pea Genotypes under Different Plant Geometry and Its Residual Impact on Some Soil Chemical Properties
Authors: Amoako O. A. , Addae-Frimpomaah F. , Adjebeng-Danquah J. , Abeka H. , Agyare R. Y. , Asante M. , Alhassan R. , Ibrahim A. A.
Published: April 2023

Field experiments were conducted during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons at the research fields of CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute located at Nyankpala in the Guinea savannah agroecology of Ghana. The objective was to test the effect of genotype and plant geometry on the growth and productivity of pigeon pea and its residual effect on some soil chemical properties. The work involved three pigeon pea genotypes (L-2015-2, L-2015-3 and ICP-8863) and four spacing levels; 100 cm x 30 cm, 100 cm x 45 cm, 100 cm x 60 cm and 100 cm x 75 cm. Analysis of variance indicated a significant interaction effect of genotype, year and spacing effect on number of branches per plant, pod length, grain yield, 1000 seed weight and harvest index. Genotype x spacing effect was significant for all traits except the number of seeds per pod. (294.7 cm) whilst genotype L-2015-3 at 100 cm x 60 cm produced the shortest plants (222.9 cm). Genotype L-2015-2 at 100 cm x 60 cm in 2021 had the highest grain yield (2311 kg/ha) whilst genotype ICP8863 at 100 cm x 60 cm in 2020 had the lowest grain yield (391 kg/ha). A post-2020 cropping season soil analysis revealed improvement in key soil chemical properties, explaining the better crop performance in 2021. Genotype L-2015-2 had the highest overall average grain yield (1484 kg/ha) whilst ICP8863 had the lowest overall grain yield. The study indicated that the different genotypes required different spacing for their optimum yield due to differences in plant architecture, growth and branching habit. Spacing had significant influence on plant height, number of leaves at flowering, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod which were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield. Therefore, each genotype should be matched with its preferred spacing for optimum growth and maximum grain yield.