bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new technique for restoring cerebrospinal fluid circulation
Authors: He M.
Published: May 2011

This study aims to observe the efficacy of a new recovery technology of cerebrospinal fluid flow obstacle for the treatment of subarachnoid haemorrhage with intracranial aneurysms, and review the overview of this new technology and new surgical instruments.

Methods

Fifth patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by intracranial aneurysms, whose the HUNT-HESS were grade 2∼4. According to the operation methods of a coaxial catheter in vascular intervention, author envisaged that insert some specialized utensils into subarachnoid cavity to carry out thrombolysis, intelligence mechanical shunt of cerebrospinal fluid through lumbar puncture under the DSA watching to achieve an aim of resuming cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and rebuilding CSF circulation.

Results

Seven consciousness disorder patients awaked in 8 to 26 hours after treatment by this technique, 15 patients were cured, no patient died and no any complication. Our observation suggests that the new technology restoring cerebrospinal fluid circulation on the treatment of subarachnoid haemorrhage with intracranial aneurysm is efficacy, worthy of further clinical observation.
Collaboration between general practice and community psychiatric service, evaluation of consultation-liaison model
Authors: Hussain I. , Mc Loughlin M.
Published: May 2011

Background

There are many advantages to improve communication between primary care and Psychiatric services. In Ireland various models of liaison with primary care are still in early stages of experimentation in some parts. We devised a pilot project of consultation-liaison model in west of Ireland.

Methodology

There are 11 general practitioners working in the catchment area. All of them were given information and five agreed to participate. Based on random allocation two general practitioners were placed in experimental group. Three other general practitioners were allocated to control group. All patients from these surgeries were enrolled in study. In experimental group face to face meetings between psychiatrist and general practitioners were arranged before and after seeing patients in clinics. Feedback and exchange of information took place during these meetings. Meetings were arranged on monthly basis for six month starting in December 2009. While in the control group communication and referral was through usual method of writing letters.

Results

Assessment of data was based on comparison of outcome in two sets of patients and surgeries. We collected data regarding number of admissions, compliance with appointments, changes in medications, number of referrals to secondary care, number of discharges back to general practitioners. Results show quantitative benefits of collaborative model in the lines of more patients being discharged back to GP and less missed appointments. There was also trend of reduced admission rate but this was statistically not significant.
Translation and validation study of the depression anxiety stress scale in the greek general population and in a psychiatric patient's sample
Authors: Lyrakos G.N. , Arvaniti C. , Smyrnioti M. , Kostopanagiotou G.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

The DASS is a self administered questionnaire which principally measures anxiety stress and depression as a feature of the general population with 42 items.

Aims

To create an easy to use and valid measurement, for primary care and during treatment assessment in patients with anxiety or depression disorders.

Methods

Translation was performed using the multiple forward and backward translation protocol. STAI state and trait along with BDI were also administered to check construct validity of DASS.

Results

537 adults participated, 178 (33.6%) male, 349 (64.6%) female. The total scale of the DASS-42 had a coefficient alpha of .968. Subscale coefficient alphas also were high (αdepression = ,941; αanxiety = ,906 ; αstress = ,942). Mean score for stress was 12,46 (SD = 9,82), for anxiety 7,19 (SD = 7,7) and for depression 8,05 (SD 9,6). Both subscales and total score were significantly correlated with STAI and BDI (r = .60 to.73, p < .01).Principal Components Analysis revealed the presence of 3 factors explaining 56% of the total variance. 14 items loaded in the stress subscale, 14 in the depression factor, but only 12 in the anxiety factor. ANOVAs found significant differences in all subscales between healthy adults and psychiatric outpatients. (p < ,001).

Conclusions

The results of the current validation study suggest that the Greek translation of the DASS is both reliable and valid, with psychometric properties close to those reported in the international literature.
Fighting stigma of psychiatric disorders in czech republic
Authors: Kovacsova A. , Jelenova D. , Prasko J. , Latalova K.
Published: May 2011

In the Czech Republic people with mental illness are still stigmatized and exposed to various forms of discrimination not only from the community but also from the professional society. The most stigmatized patients are those suffering from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and highly affected are also patients with personality disorders, eating disorders, anxiety and OCD. There can also be a stigma in the psychiatric therapy; psychiatric medication can be labeled as toxins that alter the psyche, psychotherapy as a brainwashing. Stigma of mental disorder is connected with a lack of knowledge about psychiatric disorder, fear, prejudice and discrimination of the patients. Czech mass media significantly contribute to the stigmatization of patients with mental disorder.There are already programs with destigmatization message in the Czech Republic. These programs are in charge of organizations focused on patients with mental disorders, as well as individual professionals or even nonspecialists. The Czech psychiatric association declared the National Psychiatric Program. This program aims to improve the quality of psychiatric care with emphasis on the humane condition of the care and destigmatization. There are also several articles and TV relations describing the psychiatric patients non-stigmatization way published in local newspapers and magazines every year wrote by leading experts in psychiatry. Directly to the patients and their families there were published about 40 books and about 30 booklets with most often psychiatric diagnoses. Many patients found the information and stories helpful and were more comfortable seeking the treatment.

Supported by project IGA MZ ĈR NS 10301-3/2009
Factitious disorder case series with predominant psychological signs and symptoms
Authors: Ramantani E. , Nikolaidis N. , Genaris I. , Chatziioannidis S. , Giota K. , Charatsidou I. , Giouzepas I.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Patients with factitious disorder intentionally produce or feign signs of medical or mental disorders. The only apparent objective of this behavior is to assume the role of a patient without an external incentive. The high rate of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders together with the knowledge that factitious disorder lies on a continuum between somatoform disorders and malingering renders the early detection and diagnosis of cases with feigned psychological signs and symptoms more demanding.

Objective and method

Poor documentation of factitious disorder with predominant psychological signs and symptoms in the current literature reveals a blind spot in the diagnostic approach. With this in mind three cases were followed and reviewed to illustrate the elusive character of this clinical entity and demonstrate the importance of its early consideration in the differential diagnosis.

Results

Three patients presented to our acute psychiatric department with an extensive constellation of mood and psychotic symptoms. All patients underwent a thorough neuropsychological and medical evaluation. The diagnosis of factitious disorder was mainly based on their inconclusive mental status examination which could not definitively support the presence of another psychiatric or medical disorder, on the observation that their behavior on the psychiatric unit proved inconsistent with their chief complaints and on the past history from collateral sources which confirmed a pattern of multiple hospitalizations.

Conclusions

Factitious disorder should be considered in patients with inconsistent psychiatric presentations and negative diagnostic results who are high utilizers of acute care facilities such as the emergency room and inpatient services.
Hypothyroidism and psychosis: a case report
Authors: Salinas M. , Barrau V. , Yelmo S. , Santana E. , Monzón J. , Gracia R.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Hypothyroidism is a medical condition commonly found in a variety of clinical settings. Physical complaints of thyroid hormone deficiency are many, and psychiatric symptoms include cognitive dysfunction, affective disorders and psychosis.

Objectives

To study the possible relationship between psychotic symptoms and secondary to treatment with radioiodine hypothyroidism, presenting a case report.

Methods

We report a 32 year-old woman without known significant past medical history (except Graves Basedow disease with no current treatment) that came to clinical attention due to psychotic symptoms. The patient was admitted to the hospital and laboratory values revealed hypothyroidism secondary to treatment with radioiodine (which was required six months before for a Graves Basedow disease). We considered the possibility that thyroid dysfunction was the cause of the psychiatric symptoms.

Results

After giving neuroleptic treatment with increasing doses of risperidone (up to 9 mg/day), clinical improvement was observed, with a diminishment of psychiatric symptoms. At the same time, supplementary treatment with thyroid hormone was given, which did not manage to normalize the hormone function at the moment of discharge.

Conclusion

In our patient we cannot establish a definite link between psychotic and clinical thyroid dysfunction, because six months after replacement therapy the hormonal function has not yet been completely standardized. The patient was psychopathologically stable (although treatment was maintained with quetiapine 600 mg/day). There is no doubt that thyroid hormone plays a key role in the regulation of mood, cognition and behavior; we must not ignore this, and always check thyroid function in psychiatric patients.
Do we care enough about epilepsy in learning disability inpatient population?
Authors: Travers R. , Kumar A.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition affecting 1–2 percent of the population. At least 3,50,000 are affected in the UK, one quarter of whom have active epilepsy. There is higher representation of epilepsy in estimated 1.2 million learning disabled population in the UK. Rough estimates predict some 5 percent of such population are in institutional care; 30 percent requiring medical attention.

Objectives

Lighthouse Healthcare provides inpatient tertiary care services to Learning Disability population with complex needs. A sizeable proportion of the inpatient population has complex and refractory epilepsy. As the services are provided at various hospital sites, we wanted to review the care of all the patients with epilepsy and compare it with national standards as set by the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence in England and Wales (NICE).

Aims

As most of the patients were already diagnosed elsewhere, we reviewed the medical records and compared the care with the standards envisaged in the NICE guidelines on the management of Epilepsies.

Methods

We contacted the Clinicians responsible for the care of all current inpatients and identified the cohort with epilepsy. We then reviewed the medical records for their conformity with NICE recommendations.

Results

Besides missing records, we identified that there were major deficiencies in recording the breakthrough seizure activity as well as epilepsy review on yearly basis either by general practitioner or in specialist clinics.

Conclusions

The care provided to this vulnerable group falls short of standards expected in a secondary/tertiary care setting.
CS02-01 - Imaging the serotonergic system
Authors: Lanzenberger R. ,   Functional and Multimodal Neuroimaging
Published: May 2011

Biological markers are an important objective in psychiatric research. Molecular and functional neuroimaging techniques are promising tools to provide these biomarkers that may be used for early detection, indication of presence and severity of psychiatric disorders, prediction of treatment response and clinical prognosis. In this lecture, recent results from molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) will be presented, including cerebral quantification of several major players in serotonergic neurotransmission, i.e. the serotonin transporter, the serotonin 1A, 2A, and 1B receptor subtypes, and the degrading enzyme MAOA. Differences between psychiatric disorders will be discussed. Furthermore, pharmacological effects on these targets and brain activation will be shown using PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
CS03-01 - Learning and memory in pain pathways
Authors: Sandkühler J.
Published: May 2011

Hyperalgesia frequently results from injuries or inflammation of peripheral tissues, including nervous tissue and paradoxically also from the treatment with μ-opioid receptor agonists. Compelling evidence indicates that signal amplification in central pain pathways plays an important role for the maintenance of hyperalgesia1. In superficial spinal dorsal horn synaptic transmission between nociceptive C-fibres and lamina I projection neurons can be potentiated for prolonged periods of time in an activity dependent manner. These forms of synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) can be securely prevented when opioids are applied during afferent stimulation. The blockage of LTP induction by opioids is a likely mechanism or pre-emptive analgesia. Upon withdrawal from high doses of opioids, however, LTP may develop at C-fibre synapses. During the latter form of LTP induction presynaptic activity at C-fibres is depressed rather than enhanced. Despite these fundamental differences in the induction, activity dependent- and opioidergic LTP share signalling pathways. This includes the activation of NMDA receptors, the rise in postsynaptic Ca2+ concentration and the activation of protein kinase C. Induction of opioidergic LTP further requires postsynaptic G-protein coupling which is in contrast to the presynaptic inhibition by opioids. LTP induction is abolished by blocking the Ca2+ rise upon withdrawal from the opioids. It is likely that the potentiation in synaptic strength translates into enhanced pain behaviour1. Plasticity at the first synapse in pain pathways is a promising target for the prevention and treatment of hyperalgesia of various origins.
CS05-03 - Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
Authors: Barnhofer T.
Published: May 2011

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002) is an eight-week treatment programme combining intensive training in mindfulness meditation and elements of cognitive therapy for depression that was specifically developed for the prevention of relapse in patients with recurrent course of the disorder. This talk will describe the rationale and format of the treatment programme and give an overview of recent findings regarding the effectiveness of the treatment and its mechanisms of action.
CS06-02 - How fast antipsychotics work – implications for theory and practise
Authors: Kapur S.
Published: May 2011

It has been traditionally accepted that antipsychotics have a 'delayed onset' of action with various authors claiming 2–3 weeks of delay. Data from the previous few years has contradicted this notion.

The talk will review this data, identify its theoretical implications and implications for practise. In an initial meta-analysis of over 8,000 patient data it was shown that antipsychotic action is not delayed at all but evident in teh first week, this change is not non-specific sedation but a specific anti-'psychotic' effect, and is seen with all evaluated antipsychotics. In more recent studies we have been able to show that this effect is even discernable in the first 24 hours, is related to dopmaine D2 occupancy achieved early on, and early non-response is a very strong predictor of subsequent non-response.

This early onset is not only an isolated improvement in psychosis-but, can also be seen on quality of life and social functionign indicators. These data raise interesting questions regarding the mechanism of improvement: they question the standard 'depolarisation block' hypothesis of antispychotic action-and suggest a simpler dopamine occupancy hypothesis instead; since change occurs early it is possible to map different trajectories and our most recent findigns show that drug-treated patients show a distinct trajectory from those observed in placebo-treated patients. Finally, these findings have implications for the design of clinical trials and clinical practise. In clinical trials it is possible to use early-response to devise adpative or enriched designs that are more clinically relevant - example of a recent such application will be discussed and at a clinical level it may be possible to reconsider the standard notion that an antipsychotic must be tried for 6 weeks before considering an alterative option.
ECP02-02 - Culture and ethnicity as a variable in diagnostics and therapy
Authors: Qureshi A.
Published: May 2011

Ethnic minority and immigrant patients are subject to what are termed “health disparities” wherein the quality of services received is not at the same level as that of majority group members. These disparities are a consequence of both erroneous diagnosis and, relatedly, inadequate treatment. Culture impacts both diagnosis and therapy by circumscribing how an individual understands distress. The experience, expression, and explanation of what psychiatry understands to be psychopathology are eminently “cultural”, for the clinician as well as for the patient. The very identification of a “symptom”, its relationship to psychopathology, and even what constitutes the specific diagnostic categories is in large part a function of the impact of these three “exes”. The therapeutic process and relationship is impacted in part by the fourth “ex”, the expectations of both clinician and patient, and, once again, when distinct can lead to early termination and/or poor outcome. Ethnicity, particularly in the context of ethnic minority status, can impact both diagnosis and treatment in the context of both overt and covert prejudice, particularly on the part of the clinician. Ethnocultural countertransference involves the unconscious projection of ethnic and racial prejudice onto the patient, which has a direct impact on diagnosis and the development of the therapeutic relationship. The presentation will review both barriers and suggest strategies for effective intercultural diagnosis and treatment.
ECP09-01 - European federation of psychiatric trainees: Visions for the future
Authors: Nawka A. , Rojnic Kuzman M. , Giacco D. , Wuyts P. , Simmons M. , Favre G. , Bausch Becker N.
Published: May 2011

There are significant differences in psychiatric training across Europe. In the light of the current direction of Europe (without borders with free movement of workforce) it is inevitable to harmonize at least basic standards of psychiatric education across Europe. Ideally by working in partnership with relevant national and international bodies (European Union of Medical Specialists, Board of Psychiatry - UEMS, European Psychiatric Association - EPA and European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees - EFPT). A qualitative data analysis on the most important challenges of psychiatric trainees across Europe, carried out by the EFPT in 2009, revealed several interesting findings which might be of interest not only for trainees, but for all involved in the process of psychiatric education. As the most important issue trainees reported the imperfect structure of the training programs and problems with implementation of new ones. That is why new training programs based on a competency based framework are being developed lately in number of countries (e.g. United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands). However, not only the structure of the training and its implementation remains an issue, trainees are concerned also with topics related to working conditions, insufficient training opportunities, lack of supervision, funding and availability of psychotherapy courses, etc. Based on these findings EFPT will undertake specific actions which in cooperation with other organizations shall lead in the future to better postgraduate training opportunities in Europe.
FC01-03 - High-K reproductive strategy as a negative predictor of PTSD
Authors: Giosan C. , Wyka K.
Published: May 2011

This study examined the associations between a high-K fitness strategy (i.e., a Darwinian reproductive strategy where the individual invests significantly in a small number of offspring) and PTSD on a sample of 1400 disaster workers who had exposure to a singular traumatic event (the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center in New York City). The participants underwent psychological evaluations consisting of

1) Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and

2) PTSD Checklist (PCL). The participants were also administered the

3) High-K Strategy Scale (HKSS) (Giosan, 2006).

Other factors, such as demographics, prior trauma, prior psychiatric history, and the severity of exposure to 9/11 were also captured. The results showed that HKSS score was an important negative predictor of PTSD, accounting for 10% of the variance in the PCL and 5% of the variance in the CAPS, after controlling for demographics, prior trauma, prior psychiatric history and the severity of exposure to 9/11. The findings speak against the evolutionary view that PTSD symptoms are adaptive while strengthening the evolutionary view that PTSD is the expression of an overlearned survival response in vulnerable individuals (Silove, 1998), which, when activated, can have significant negative effects on fitness.
FC01-04 - Exposure to traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in substance use disorder inpatients
Authors: Laguerre C.-E. , Charles-Nicolas A. , Lacoste J. , Birmes P.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Exposure to traumatic events is common among individuals with substance use disorders (SUD). Self-medication hypothesis posits that substances are used to relieve distressing psychological symptoms. Moreover, few studies have assessed exposure to traumatic events and Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among samples suffering from addiction.

Objectives

To explore SUD inpatients exposure to serious traumatic events both directly (the participant himself) and/or indirectly (the family).

Aims

(i) to investigate the prevalence of co-morbid PTSD in SUD clinical inpatients;

(ii) to identify the characteristics, severity and types of trauma experienced;

(iii) to compare SUD patients with and without co-morbid PTSD on psychiatric variables.

Methods

This study compared two groups:

(1) those without PTSD,

(2) those with PTSD.

SUD inpatients reported traumatic experiences (Trauma History Questionnaire), PTSD

symptoms (PTSD CheckList-Specific), addiction severity (Addiction Severity Index), and psychiatric symptoms (M.I.N.I.). Khi square or T tests were conducted to compare rates between non-PTSD group (SUD-only; n = 27) and PTSD group (SUD-PTSD; n = 17).

Results

All participants (n = 44) reported having been exposed to one or more traumatic events and 17 (38.6%) met the criteria for probable current PTSD. Significant differences between the “PTSD” and “non-PTSD” groups were found on the crime cluster (p < .04), the composite score of Alcohol (p < .005), and psychiatric variables including depression (p < .001), psychotic syndromes (p < .02) and anxiety disorders (p < .0001).

Conclusions

This study highlights the prevalence of PTSD symptoms among SUD inpatients, and the importance of considering PTSD symptoms to improve quality of care for patients and their families.
FC02-01 - Risk for hospitalization for schizophrenia and affective disorders among full and half siblings of probands with schizophrenia: A population-based study
Authors: Davidson M. , Goldberg S. , Reichenberg A. , Yoffe R. , Weiser M.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Compared to the general population, siblings of patients with schizophrenia have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia.

Objectives

This study analyzed population-based data to examine the risk of hospitalization for schizophrenia and affective disorders among full vs. half siblings of patients with schizophrenia, and among persons with 1 or more siblings with schizophrenia vs. those with 2 or more.

Aims

This study assessed the familial influence of schizophrenia on the development of schizophrenia and other mental disorders in siblings.

Methods

The full (n = 12,555) and half (n = 2,707) siblings of 6,115 patients with schizophrenia (ICD F20.0–20.9) were identified from the Israeli Psychiatric Hospitalization Registry. Age and gender matched controls (n = 61,048) were identified from the Israeli Population Registry. The sample's psychiatric hospitalizations were recorded from the registry.

Results

Compared to controls, risk for schizophrenia was higher among persons with one or more (OR = 9.36, 95%CI: 7.73–11.33) or 2 or more (OR = 13.76, 95%CI: 8.84–24.15) full siblings with schizophrenia. Similarly, persons with one or more (OR = 7.91, 95%CI: 5.15–12.14) or 2 or more (OR = 8.44, 95%CI: 3.57–19.94) half siblings with schizophrenia had a higher risk of schizophrenia. Similarly, risk for hospitalization for affective disorders was higher among persons with one or more (OR = 7.29 95%CI: 5.60–9.49) or 2 or more (OR = 10.25, 95%CI: 5.50–19.10) full siblings with schizophrenia.

Conclusions

This population-based study strengthens existing knowledge that schizophrenia has a strong familial, perhaps genetic component; and the greater the familial load, the greater the risk. Familial schizophrenia also increases risk for affective disorders, emphasizing the overlap between these disorders.
FC02-06 - Correlations between nucleus lentiformis asymmetry parameters (MRI data) and memory characteristics (semantic aspect) in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Murtazaeva D. , Savina T. , Orlova V. , Kornienko V. , Arutiunov N.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

It's evident that abnormalities of subcortical brain structures asymmetry are related with schizophrenia pathogenesis.

Objectives

Basal ganglia participate in memory processes. Estimation of relationship between their asymmetry parameters and memory characteristics should be examined.

Aims

To investigate correlations between nucleus lentiformis (NL) MRI parameters and memory peculiarities (semantic aspect) in schizophrenia 96 patients and 51 controls were examined.

Methods

3D MR images were acquired on magnet 0.5 Tomikon S50, Bruker (69 patients‘and 34 controls‘groups) and 1.5T GE Signa System (27 patients‘and 17 controls‘groups). Volumes (V) of left and right NL and their asymmetry coefficients (2 x (right NLV- left NLV) x 100/ (right NLV+left NLV),%) were calculated.

Psychological pictogram method1,2 estimating mnestic activity including semantic aspect was used. Quantitative (retention productivity score (RPS) was analyzed.

Results

Decreasing of the right (more prominent, p = 0.046, p = 0.044) and left NL (p = 0.048, p = 0.048) volumes were demonstrated in both patients groups. The RPS was less in both patients groups as compared with controls (p < 0.01). Correlation between NL asymmetry coefficients and RPS was revealed in patients underwent 0.5 and 1.5T scanners (r = -0.51, p < 0.05; r = - 0.57, p < 0.05 correspondingly).

Conclusions

The data confirm significance of brain asymmetry and memory dysfunction in etiology of schizophrenia.
FC03-01 - The relationship of internet addiction with family functioning and mental health among Iranian students
Authors: Alizadeh Sahraee O. , Khosravi Z. , Yusefnejad M.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

One salient impact of information technology on students’ lives is the ever-increasing use of the Internet. Although there exist many reports in the media regarding the unhealthy Internet use among students, research is still limited.

Objectives

Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the relation of internet addiction with family functioning and mental health among students. Two-hundred and eighty students from high school and guidance school were selected by multiple cluster sampling method. They participated in the present study by completing internet addiction questionnaire, family functioning scale and mental health questionnair.The method of this study was descriptive and correlational in order to analyze the results, descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (correlations and regression) were used.

Results

The results showed negative significant correlation between internet addiction and some subscale of family function such as assertiveness, entertainment orientation and religious emphasis. Results also indicated positive significant correlation between 3 subscales of family functioning including dissociation, conflicts and authoritarian family style with internet addiction. No significant correlations were found between other subscales and internet addiction.Regarding the relationship between mental health and addiction to Internet, research results indicate a significant positive correlation between overall mental health score and two subscale of depression and somatization with internet addiction.

Conclusions

The results of this study confirmed the negative effects of Internet addiction on mental health and emphasized the importance of family on intensifying internet addiction. Hence in designing treatment programs, family environment must be considered.
FC03-05 - An evaluation of service provision by community drug treatment services for opioid dependent pregnant drug users in England and Wales
Authors: Perez-Montejano R. , Finch E. , Wolff K.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Over the last decade a series of guidelines and recommendations have been published in the UK by the Department of Health, the Home Office, Professional and Non-Professional bodies. However, an optimal strategy and consensus in the management and care of opioid dependent pregnant users has yet to be established.

Objectives

Determination of existing methods for identifying and managing pregnancy in opioid users prescribed methadone by NHS Treatment Services and regional differences.

Aim

To survey the management, treatment and follow-up of pregnant opioid users prescribed methadone by Drug Treatment Services in England and Wales.

Methods

In 2006 a POSTAL survey was conducted among 223 Community Drug Treatment Services (CDTS).

Results

Sixty-six percent of CDTS responded to the survey (n = 154/233). A Chi-square, Mann_Whitney U Test and/or Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed significant differences in the composition of CDTS and service provision across regions. Half of CDTS (55.3%) provided a methadone dosage regime lower than that recommended for non-pregnant drug users. There were also significant variations on how professionals approached the management of pregnant opioid users. CDTS with an addiction specialist were significantly more likely (p < .01) to advocate high doses of methadone whereas those with a midwife, obstetrician or social worker involved were more likely (p < .05) to suggest low dose methadone and/or detoxification.

Conclusions

Service provision for pregnant opioid users is comprehensive but there is still variability in some aspects of the treatment received. The way in which methadone is prescribed is not always optimal. Further work is required in this area.
FC04-04 - Suicidality during the implementation of security measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment
Authors: Bogojevic G. , Ziravac L.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Each psychiatric patient is potentially suicidal. However, the mentally illness people who pronounced security measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment are the particular risk group. In their current psychopathology has the greatest importance in the development of suicidal tendencies. On the other hand, many provocative external factors affect the emergence of suicidality.

Objectives

The paper discusses the influence of several variables on the occurrence of suicidal tendencies: type of mental disorder, kind of crime, length of hospitalization, stigmatization and social and family acceptance.

Method

The retrospective study included 160 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, paranoid psychosis and mood disorders in the period since 2005 to 2009. The research is related to the relationship of “social isolation” of these patients and suicidal tendencies.

Results

The results showed that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibit the highest degree of suicidality 67, 5%. Criminal offense into the family, long hospitalization, the stigmatization of patients and not accepting of the social environment, particularly of the family are the factors that contribute to suicidality.

Conclusion

Misunderstanding and avoidance of the patients from the social environment and especially from the family is a common characteristic of these patients. This causes the feeling of worthlessness, rejection and helplessness. The sense of further life for them doesn’t exist. If we look at suicide as a revenge and punishment of others, than suicidality of this group of mental illness people is a good example of that.
FC04-05 - Risk and suicide behavior of hospitalized offenders in forensic setting clinic of psychiatry -in kosova
Authors: Ibishi N.F. , Kola V. , Ramiqi V.N. , Musliu N.R.
Published: May 2011

Purpose

Media reports and the official statistics published after the war in Kosova demonstrate a rising trend of suicide in general population. In the past in our clinic have been little interest in whether suicidal risk and behavior has been documented and whether these signs of risk and suicide behavior is associated with Mental disorder and PTSD.

Methods

134 offenders hospitalized in period time 2007–2009 were included. We used DSM-IV criteria, SBQ-R and assessed risk of suicide factors.

Results

31,9% were diagnosed with personality disorder, 21,3% were psychotic, 8,5% were drug abusers, 21,3 were depressed with PTSD signs of trauma war, and 17% of them without diagnosis. Risk factors such are abnormal behavior, isolation, hopelessness, depression or other mental disorder, family problems or personal loss and drug or alcohol intoxication were important risk factors for suicidal behavior in 73% of them.12,8 % reported attempt of suicide, 14,9% of them reported that have had a plan to kill themselves, 40% reported that have told someone that are going to commit suicide, and 23,4% reported that they are likely to attempt suicide someday. Suicidal thoughts and attempts were commoner in forensic setting than in general population and were significantly associated with Personality disorder, Psychosis and PTSD.

Conclusion

Suicide behavior and its significant association with mental disorder play an important role and should include training programs in recognition of offenders at high risk behavior and preventive programme management in forensic settings in our country.
FC06-02 - Psychsocial profile of diabetic adolescent patients
Authors: Dessoki H. , Ahmed S. , El Bakry A. , Emad M.
Published: May 2011

A study of adolescents with diabetes found that one third had psychiatric disorders, most involving internalizing symptoms; other studies have shown that diabetic youth have greater rates of depression and that those with depression have poor glycemic control.

Objective

To investigate the effect of cognitive and emotional response to disease and treatment on diabetes self-management behavior. To study the effect of psychosocial factors as self-esteem, body image, different coping strategies and family factors on diabetes self-management behavior and subsequent glycemic control in diabetic adolescents.

Method

Cross-sectional study which includes 37 controlled and 30 uncontrolled diabetic adolescents recruited from Abou El-Rich Hospital, All participants were subjected to Semi structured interview, Personal Models of Diabetes Questionnaire, Body Image Scale, Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory, Taxonomy of Children's Coping Strategies and assessment of Glycosylated Hemoglobin.

Results

Perceived seriousness of diabetes is higher in the group of uncontrolled diabetes (p < 0.001). Higher self-esteem in the group of controlled diabetes (14.91 ± 3.43) compared to the group of uncontrolled diabetes (10.33 ± 4.74). There was highly statistical significant difference regarding Coopersmith Self- Esteem Inventory (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Lower self-esteem was more prevalent among uncontrolled diabetic adolescents. In the group of uncontrolled diabetes early age of onset, and longer duration of illness were associated significantly with lower self-esteem.
FC06-05 - 2005–2010 American academy of pediatrics task force on mental health
Authors: Wegner L.M.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Children and adolescents experience significant emotional disorders and the prevalence of these conditions is notable. In 1999, the U.S. Surgeon General's report on children's mental health listed the following prevalence data: Anxiety disorders 13.0%; Mood disorders 6.2%; Disruptive disorders 10.3%; Substance use disorders 2%; Any Disorder: 20.9%* (*Children age 9–17 with mental or addictive disorders, combined MECA sample, 6-month prevalence.) However, there is an acknowledged dearth of pediatric mental health care professionals in the U.S. and among those professionals available, geographic and reimbursement limitations restrict access to the care available for many children and adolescents.

Objectives

Primary health care providers are being encouraged to provide some of the identification and care management to offset this access problem.

Aims

Expand clinical skills of providers, develop tools for planning at state and local level, educate public about importance of early screening and diagnosis.

Methods

In 2005, the American Academy of Pediatrics convened a Task Force of members and consultants to develop recommendations and paradigms for melding physical health care and mental/behavioral care in the primary practice medical home for children and adolescents.

Results

This project concluded in 2010 with six published papers and appendices detailing increased identification of pediatric mental health conditions, methods for primary care providers working collaboratively with families and mental health specialists, algorithms for decisions and actions, and payment mechanisms supporting parity between mental and physical care in the US third party payer system.

Conclusions

Paper presents the major recommendations and outcomes from this 5 year project.
FC07-05 - Resting brain perfusion in alcohol-induced psychotic disorder: A comparison in patients with alcohol dependence, schizophrenia and healthy controls
Authors: Jordaan G.P. , Warwick J.M. , Hewlett R. , Emsley R.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder (AIPD), is an uncommon complication of alcohol abuse. AIPD needs to be distinguished from alcohol withdrawal delirium and schizophrenia and the underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. Few brain-imaging studies in AIPD have been reported to date. Case reports of brain-imaging in AIPD suggest possible dysfunction in the thalamus, basal ganglia, frontal lobes and cerebellum. The aim of this study was to compare resting brain perfusion (rCBF) in patients with AIPD, uncomplicated alcohol dependence, schizophrenia and healthy volunteers.

Methods

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was utilized to compare rCBF in patients with AIPD (n = 19), schizophrenia (n = 16), uncomplicated alcohol dependence (n = 20) and healthy volunteers (n = 19).

Results

Increased rCBF was demonstrated in the right calcarine area in patients with AIPD compared to healthy volunteers, with a trend towards increased rCBF to the frontal and temporal lobes and the right pallidum. Decreased left sided rCBF to the putamen, parietal, mid-frontal and mid-temporal lobes and heterogenous flow to the cerebellum were demonstrated in patients with AIPD when compared to patients with uncomplicated alcohol dependence. The left posterior cingulate and right cerebellum showed higher and lower rCBF respectively in patients with AIPD compared to patients with schizophrenia.

Conclusion

The findings implicate the right occipital lobe and possibly the cerebellum in the pathogenesis of AIPD. Some findings have similarities with rCBF reports in alcohol-withdrawal. Reduced rCBF to the frontal lobes, thalamus and basal ganglia in AIPD as suggested in previous case reports could not be confirmed.
FC09-01 - ISoSCCiP Project: phase 1 systematic literature review
Authors: Seed K. , Lydall G. , Malik A. , Bhugra D. , Howard R. ,   ISoSCCiP
Published: May 2011

Introduction

The chronic worldwide shortage of psychiatrists has impaired the delivery of first class mental health care. The WHO produced a report on the Mental Health Gap, showing the high burden of mental health, neurological and substance misuse disorders worldwide, estimating a treatment gap of 75% between need and resources.

Aims and objectives

Research to date has highlighted key areas that influence students' choice of a career in psychiatry. There have been several key literature reviews summarising work in the area since the 1950s. The current study updates literature with a systematic review of the past 10 years.

Methods

A five level search strategy was used.

A standard Critical Appraisal tool was developed based on the one used by the Best Evidence in Medical Education Group in Dundee. Papers were coded and graded using hierarchies of evidence - Sackett Hierarchy of Evidence and Kirkpatrick Hierarchy.

Results & conclusions

The quality of published studies has risen over the past 30 years, with the past decade producing the most robust evidence. However, it is a complex area to research with many potential confounders, and large gaps in knowledge remain.
FC09-06 - Adolescent internet behaviors and its correlation to depression, self-harm and suicidal behavior in European pupils
Authors: Durkee T. , Kaess M. , Floderus B. , Carli V. , Wasserman D. ,   The seyle research consortium
Published: May 2011

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between adaptive, maladaptive, and pathological Internet use and mental health problems, in particular depression, self-harm and suicidal behavior among a representative sample of adolescents from different European countries.

Methods

A total of 7.000 students from different European countries were recruited for the SEYLE study, a European school-based intervention study, and completed a self-report questionnaire for baseline assessment. Internet behaviors were evaluated by the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire, depression by the BDI-II, self-harm by the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory and suicidal behavior by the Paykel Suicide Scale.

Results

Pathological Internet users, who met the criteria for Internet addiction, showed significantly higher rates of depression, self-harm and suicidal behavior compared to students with adaptive Internet use. Remarkably, there were no significant differences in depression as well as self-harm and suicidal behavior between students suffering from Internet addiction and students presenting maladaptive Internet behaviors.

Conclusion

These results clearly demonstrate that students presenting either Internet addiction as well as maladaptive Internet use are more likely to suffer from depression as well as self-harm and suicidal behaviour. However, the group of students with Internet addiction and the students presenting maladaptive Internet use did not significantly differ from each other. These results suggest that not only Internet addiction, but also maladaptive Internet use, is associated with symptoms of depression, self-harm and suicidal behavior. Therefore, more attention should be paid to adolescents with maladaptive Internet use in order to early recognize depression, self-harm and suicidality in adolescence.
FC10-06 - Review the effectiveness of assertiveness training in reducing student depression
Authors: Seyednezhad Jeludar Y. , Ahmadi Gatab T. , Shayan N. , Shabani S.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Interpersonal approach to understanding depression, represents a kind of non-ideological stance is that the psychoanalytic emphasis on early childhood experience with an emphasis on cognitive behavioral stressful. Environmental stimuli mixed blends.

Objectives

Efficacy in reducing depression, assertiveness training students are.

Methods

Quasi-experimental approach method with pre-test project - the test is compared with the control group and comparable Tools used in this study Depression Inventory is beck Used SPSS software For data analyzing.

Results

Results shown us that increased assertiveness training methods of cognitive and behavioral assertiveness are Also Assertiveness training group counseling on ways to reduce depression is effective in depressed students.

And the rate of increase of depression assertiveness be reduced.

Conclusions

Expressiveness of training practices Assertiveness in depressed student's increases Also Learn answers dare Certainly, anxiety and tension can be the specific situation before the break were cut.
FC11-05 - Hormonal profile in depressed and non-depressed perimenopausal women
Authors: Flores-Ramos M. , Méndez Ramírez I.
Published: May 2011

Objective

To determine if serum levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, estradiol, progesterone, Free Testosterone and Total Testosterone differ between perimenopausal women with first depressive episode, recurrent depression and without depression.

Methods

Demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated in 63 perimenopausal women with first depressive episode (N = 20), recurrent depression (N = 23) or non-depressed (N = 20). Hormonal measurements were evaluated at follicular and luteal menstrual phases and mid-cycle, around one menstrual cycle.

Results

When compared depressed and non-depressed women we observed lower levels of luteal progesterone, higher levels of total testosterone and an increasing level of FSH in depressed patients. Differences between the three groups were observed in luteal progesterone levels, luteal FT, and luteal TT. Independently of current diagnosis, women with and without pmdd antecedent, differed in progesterone and testosterone levels. We did not find association of perimenopausal depression and history of post partum depression.

Conclusions

Hormonal profiles differed between groups. Patients with antecedent of pmdd had a similar progesterone and testosterone profile to perimenopausal depressed women.