bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing carbonyl furan derivatives by a dehydrogenative coupling reaction
Authors: Li Xinyan , Shao Xiulan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Qiaoyue , Lai Hongtao , Cui Bing , Shao Zhihui , Zhao Mingqin
Published: July 2022

Herein, we develop an efficient green procedure for synthesizing carbonyl furan derivatives by dehydrogenative coupling of furfuryl alcohol with carbonyl compounds using iPrPNP-Mn as the catalyst and a weak base.
ArPNO-catalyzed acylative kinetic resolution of tertiary alcohols: access to 3-hydroxy-3-substituted oxindoles
Authors: Yang Min , Gao Yu-Lin , Xie Ming-Sheng , Guo Hai-Ming
Published: July 2022

Bifunctional chiral 4-aryl-pyridine-N-oxides were reported for the highly efficient acylative kinetic resolution of 3-hydroxy-3-substituted oxindoles withs-factor up to 167.
Understanding fragility and engineering activation stability in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Zhu Dongyang , Zhang Jun-Jie , Wu Xiaowei , Yan Qianqian , Liu Fangxin , Zhu Yifan , Gao Xiaodong , Rahman Muhammad M. , Yakobson Boris I. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Verduzco Rafael
Published: July 2022

We establish relationships between COF pore size, the type of pore substituent, pore architecture, and structural robustness and demonstrate that activation stability can be systematically tuned using a multivariate synthesis approach.
Multi-layer 3D printed dipeptide-based low molecular weight gels
Authors: Hill Max J. S. , Adams Dave J.
Published: July 2022

Gels formed from different gelators were 3D printed to form multi-layered constructs. The interaction of these layers and overall sample mechanical properties were investigated by confocal microscopy and oscillatory rheology.
Pressure dependence on the three-dimensional structure of a composite electrode in an all-solid-state battery
Authors: Sakka Yuya , Yamashige Hisao , Watanabe Ayaka , Takeuchi Akihisa , Uesugi Masayuki , Uesugi Kentaro , Orikasa Yuki
Published: July 2022

The effects of applied pressure on the morphological structure of the composite electrode and electrochemical properties of an all-solid-state battery (ASSB) cell are analysed by X-ray computed tomography.
Emerging green technologies for recovery and reuse of spent lithium-ion batteries – a review
Authors: Wang Ronghao , Zhang Yuhao , Sun Kaiwen , Qian Chengfei , Bao Weizhai
Published: July 2022

We introduce recycling mechanisms and emerging green recycling technologies related to spent LIBs. We propose a new system to evaluate the environmental indicators of different recycling methods, the prospects and directions of spent Li recycling.
Dilute lattice doping of 64Cu into 2D-nanoplates: its impact on radio-labeling efficiency and stability for target selective PET imaging
Authors: Eom Sairan , Kim Min Hwan , Yoo Ranji , Choi Goeun , Kang Joo Hyun , Lee Yong Jin , Choy Jin-Ho
Published: July 2022

The designed 64Cu-QT-NPs, where 64Cu radioisotopes were isomorphically doped in the octahedral site of the QT lattice, were showed high labeling efficiency and stability, and selectively targeted to the tumor tissue due to the passive targeting effect.
Enhancing the luminescence performance of Ca2−xSrxBO3Cl:Eu2+,Dy3+ by substitution of Sr2+ for Ca2+
Authors: Cao Junlong , Ding Songsong , Zhou Yunpeng , Ma Xilin , Wang Yuhua
Published: July 2022

As reusable materials, persistent luminescence (PersL) materials have a wide range of applications in emergency response, information encryption and other fields.
Impact of Dysphagia Rehabilitation in Adults on Swallowing Physiology Measured With Videofluoroscopy: A Mapping Review
Authors: Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini , Rapley Megan , Stewart Josephine , Webster Eryn , Quon Christina , Rogus-Pulia Nicole
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

The research aims of this review were to (a) map swallowing rehabilitation approaches to specific swallowing impairments using the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) to develop evidence maps, (b) match desired rehabilitation treatment targets to treatment approaches, and (c) identify gaps in the literature and highlight which rehabilitation approaches require further investigation to support accurate mapping of interventions to physiologic change.

Method:

A mapping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses–Scoping Review extension framework. The databases searched were CINAHL, Ovid Medline, and Ovid Embase. Data extracted included swallowing rehabilitation approach details via the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System framework, study characteristics, and resulting change in swallowing physiology. The resulting change in swallowing physiology was mapped onto MBSImP components, where applicable, and effect sizes were reported where data were available. Extracted data were summarized in the form of evidence maps.

Results:

Forty-three unique articles met the inclusion criteria for this review and were divided into single-approach and multi-approach exercise studies. Within single-approach studies, 13 different exercise approaches were investigated, and 117 outcome measures could be mapped to MBSImP components. Within multi-approach studies, 13 different combinations of exercise approaches were investigated and 60 outcome measures could be mapped to MBSImP components.

Conclusions:

This review supports speech-language pathologists in incorporating current best evidence into their practice, as it found there is potential for improvement in many MBSImP components by using rehabilitative exercises. In the future, more intervention studies are needed to ensure that recommended rehabilitation approaches are beneficial for improving the targeted swallowing physiology.
Maturation of Speech-in-Speech Recognition for Whispered and Voiced Speech
Authors: Buss Emily , Miller Margaret K. , Leibold Lori J.
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Some speech recognition data suggest that children rely less on voice pitch and harmonicity to support auditory scene analysis than adults. Two experiments evaluated development of speech-in-speech recognition using voiced speech and whispered speech, which lacks the harmonic structure of voiced speech.

Method:

Listeners were 5- to 7-year-olds and adults with normal hearing. Targets were monosyllabic words organized into three-word sets that differ in vowel content. Maskers were two-talker or one-talker streams of speech. Targets and maskers were recorded by different female talkers in both voiced and whispered speaking styles. For each masker, speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured in all four combinations of target and masker speech, including matched and mismatched speaking styles for the target and masker.

Results:

Children performed more poorly than adults overall. For the two-talker masker, this age effect was smaller for the whispered target and masker than for the other three conditions. Children's SRTs in this condition were predominantly positive, suggesting that they may have relied on a wholistic listening strategy rather than segregating the target from the masker. For the one-talker masker, age effects were consistent across the four conditions. Reduced informational masking for the one-talker masker could be responsible for differences in age effects for the two maskers. A benefit of mismatching the target and masker speaking style was observed for both target styles in the two-talker masker and for the voiced targets in the one-talker masker.

Conclusions:

These results provide no compelling evidence that young school-age children and adults are differentially sensitive to the cues present in voiced and whispered speech. Both groups benefit from mismatches in speaking style under some conditions. These benefits could be due to a combination of reduced perceptual similarity, harmonic cancelation, and differences in energetic masking.
PCCN‐RE: Point cloud colourisation network based on relevance embedding
Authors: Wang Feiran , Li Xiaoqiang , Liu Jitao
Published: July 2022

The colour of the point cloud provides abundant information for perception tasks such as autonomous driving and virtual reality. However, few prior work studied the automatic colourisation of colourless point clouds. In this paper, the authors propose a novel method named as Point cloud Colorization Network based on Relevance Embedding (PCCN‐RE) relying on three structures: a relevance embedding structure that efficiently captures local information through the calculation of a covariance matrix within nearby points; a weighted pooling structure designed to facilitate the fusion of features; an enhanced spatial transform network structure that keeps the invariance of input point clouds. On the ShapeNetCore dataset, our PCCN‐RE generates more authentic colour than state‐of‐the‐art methods for colourless point clouds and achieves the highest results by obtaining a Peak Signal to Noise Ratio of 9.40 and a Structural Similarity Index of 0.62.
Efficient threshold logic in 1T1R array
Authors: Fu Xingzhi , Li Qingjiang , Wang Yinan , Wang Wei , Diao Jietao , Wang Weihe , Xu Hui , Yu Hongqi
Published: July 2022

In‐memory computing based on memristor logic is one of the most promising approaches to break the ‘memory wall’ and ‘power wall’. However, some important logics (such as AND and MAJ) cannot be implemented efficiently in 1T1R arrays, which makes it difficult to design low‐delay memristor‐based logic computing systems. An efficient threshold logic is proposed by adding an auxiliary memristor in MAGIC (N+1)‐OR gate and optimising the driving voltage. The proposed threshold logic can be completely implemented in a 1T1R array without any additional resistor, and can achieve AND logic and MAJ logic directly. Furthermore, a 1‐bit full adder based on the proposed threshold logic, which only requires three steps and six memristors, is designed. Our proposed threshold logic and full adder design perform advantages in terms of area and delay compared with the previous designs.
Train management in freight shunting yards: Formalisation and literature review
Authors: Deleplanque Samuel , Hosteins Pierre , Pellegrini Paola , Rodriguez Joaquin
Published: July 2022

This paper treats theoretical and practical aspects of train management in freight shunting yards. It is a literature survey extending the previous ones and presenting the new important papers published in the last decade. The operations realised in such yards are formalised by modelling them in unified modelling language diagrams and the algorithms implemented to solve the optimisation problems of operations management for the different types of freight shunting yards and for the existing models are presented. The details on real yards that can be found in the literature are also reported, to allow the reader understanding what case studies can be actually tackled with the existing methods.
A mathematical method for local defects and faults identification of 10 kV three‐core cable based on input impedance spectrum
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Jialin , Yao Chongcheng , Zhao Hongshan
Published: July 2022

Due to the strong coupling among the conductors of 10 kV three‐core armored cables and the difficulty in identifying its defects and fault types, a method is proposed based on the input impedance spectrum. Firstly, the phase mode transformation matrix of a three‐core cable is obtained by combining the multi‐conductor transmission line theory with the loop analysis method to realize decoupling between conductors. Secondly, the input impedance matrices of a cable under different situations are derived. Based on this, a method is proposed to identify the local defects and fault types. The capacitive defects and inductive defects are identified according to the left or right offset of the amplitude spectrum; the short circuit and break faults of the cable can be identified according to the number of resonant points in the amplitude spectrum and the initial phase angle of the phase spectrum. Finally, to verify the correctness of the proposed method, a 10 kV three‐core cable is taken as an example to carry out PSCAD circuit simulation and practical test. The results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the local defects and fault types of the three‐core cable.
BEYONDPLANCK
Authors: Ihle H. T. , Bersanelli M. , Franceschet C. , Gjerløw E. , Andersen K. J. , Aurlien R. , Banerji R. , Bertocco S. , Brilenkov M. , Carbone M. , Colombo L. P. L. , Eriksen H. K. , Eskilt J. R. , Foss M. K. , Fuskeland U. , Galeotta S. , Galloway M. , Gerakakis S. , Hensley B. , Herman D. , Iacobellis M. , Ieronymaki M. , Jewell J. B. , Karakci A. , Keihänen E. , Keskitalo R. , Maggio G. , Maino D. , Maris M. , Mennella A. , Paradiso S. , Partridge B. , Reinecke M. , San M. , Suur-Uski A.-S. , Svalheim T. L. , Tavagnacco D. , Thommesen H. , Watts D. J. , Wehus I. K. , Zacchei A.
Published: July 2022

We present a Bayesian method for estimating instrumental noise parameters and propagating noise uncertainties within the global BEYONDPLANCKGibbs sampling framework, which we applied toPlanckLow Frequency Instrument (LFI) time-ordered data. Following previous works in the literature, we initially adopted a 1/fmodel for the noise power spectral density (PSD), but we found the need for an additional lognormal component in the noise model in the 30 and 44 GHz bands. We implemented an optimal Wiener-filter (or constrained realization) gap-filling procedure to account for masked data. We then used this procedure to both estimate the gapless correlated noise in the time-domain,ncorr, and to sample the noise PSD parameters,ξn = {σ0, fknee, α, Ap}. In contrast to previousPlanckanalyses, we assumed piecewise stationary noise only within each pointing period (PID), and not throughout the full mission, but we adopted the LFI Data Processing Center results as priors onαandfknee. We generally found best-fit correlated noise parameters that are mostly consistent with previous results, with a few notable exceptions. However, a detailed inspection of the time-dependent results has revealed many important findings. First and foremost, we find strong evidence for statistically significant temporal variations in all noise PSD parameters, many of which are directly correlated with satellite housekeeping data. Second, while the simple 1/fmodel appears to be an excellent fit for the LFI 70 GHz channel, there is evidence for additional correlated noise that is not described by a 1/fmodel in the 30 and 44 GHz channels, including within the primary science frequency range of 0.1–1 Hz. In general, most 30 and 44 GHz channels exhibit deviations from 1/fat the 2–3σlevel in each one-hour pointing period, motivating the addition of the lognormal noise component for these bands. For certain periods of time, we also find evidence of strong common mode noise fluctuations across the entire focal plane. Overall, we conclude that a simple 1/fprofile is not adequate for obtaining a full characterization of thePlanckLFI noise, even when fitted hour-by-hour, and a more general model is required. These findings have important implications for large-scale CMB polarization reconstruction with thePlanckLFI data and the current work is a first attempt at understanding and mitigating these issues.
The GAPS programme at TNG
Authors: Naponiello L. , Mancini L. , Damasso M. , Bonomo A. S. , Sozzetti A. , Nardiello D. , Biazzo K. , Stognone R. G. , Lillo-Box J. , Lanza A. F. , Poretti E. , Lissauer J. J. , Zeng L. , Bieryla A. , Hébrard G. , Basilicata M. , Benatti S. , Bignamini A. , Borsa F. , Claudi R. , Cosentino R. , Covino E. , de Gurtubai A. , Delfosse X. , Desidera S. , Dragomir D. , Eastman J. D. , Essack Z. , Fiorenzano A. F. M. , Giacobbe P. , Harutyunyan A. , Heidari N. , Hellier C. , Jenkins J. M. , Knapic C. , König P.-C. , Latham D. W. , Magazzù A. , Maggio A. , Maldonado J. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Molinaro M. , Morgan E. H. , Moutou C. , Nascimbeni V. , Pace E. , Pagano I. , Pedani M. , Piotto G. , Pinamonti M. , Quintana E. V. , Rainer M. , Ricker G. R. , Seager S. , Twicken J. D. , Vanderspek R. , Winn J. N.
Published: July 2022

Context. Neptunes represent one of the main types of exoplanets and have chemical-physical characteristics halfway between rocky and gas giant planets. Therefore, their characterization is important for understanding and constraining both the formation mechanisms and the evolution patterns of planets.

Aims. We investigate the exoplanet candidate TOI-1422 b, which was discovered by the TESS space telescope around the high proper-motion G2 V star TOI-1422 (V = 10.6 mag), 155 pc away, with the primary goal of confirming its planetary nature and characterising its properties.

Methods. We monitored TOI-1422 with the HARPS-N spectrograph for 1.5 yr to precisely quantify its radial velocity (RV) variation. We analyse these RV measurements jointly with TESS photometry and check for blended companions through high-spatial resolution images using the AstraLux instrument.

Results. We estimate that the parent star has a radius of R⋆ = 1.019−0.013+0.014 R⊙, and a mass of M⋆ = 1.019−0.013+0.014 M⊙. Our analysis confirms the planetary nature of TOI-1422 b and also suggests the presence of a Neptune-mass planet on a more distant orbit, the candidate TOI-1422 c, which is not detected in TESS light curves. The inner planet, TOI-1422 b, orbits on a period of Pb = 12.9972 ± 0.0006 days and has an equilibrium temperature of Teq,b = 867 ± 17 K. With a radius of Rb = 3.96−0.11+0.13 R⊕, a mass of Mb = 9.0−2.0+2.3 M⊕ and, consequently, a density of ρb = 0.795−0.235+0.290g cm−3, it can be considered a warm Neptune-sized planet. Compared to other exoplanets of a similar mass range, TOI-1422 b is among the most inflated, and we expect this planet to have an extensive gaseous envelope that surrounds a core with a mass fraction around 10% – 25% of the total mass of the planet. The outer non-transiting planet candidate, TOI-1422 c, has an orbital period of Pc = 29.29−0.20+0.21 days, a minimum mass, Mcsin i, of 11.1−2.3+2.6 M⊕, an equilibrium temperature of Teq,c = 661 ± 13 K and, therefore, if confirmed, could be considered as another warm Neptune.
Präoperative Physiotherapie vor viszeralen abdominalen Operationen digital umsetzen? – Eine qualitative Machbarkeitsstudie
Authors: Grafe Marion , Stenzel Romina , Egbringhoff Kathrin , Pascher Andreas
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund Große Operationen am Bauchraum stellen die größte Gruppe der Operationen in Deutschland dar. Besonders Patient*innen mit Komorbiditäten zeigen ein hohes Risiko für die Entwicklung postoperativer respiratorischer Komplikationen und damit einhergehend postoperativer Einbußen der körperlichen Funktionsfähigkeit. Obwohl präoperative Physiotherapie positiven Einfluss auf die Komplikationsrate nehmen kann, wird sie in Deutschland nicht regelhaft umgesetzt.

Ziel Untersuchung der Machbarkeit einer digitalen Umsetzung präoperativer Physiotherapie aus der Perspektive von Ärzt*innen, Physiotherapierenden und Patient*innen. Dazu werden Bedarfe an eine digitale Intervention sowie inhaltliche und technische Anforderungen erfragt.

Methode In einer qualitativen Studie wurden 2 Ärzt*innen, 5 Physiotherapierende und 2 Patienten interviewt. Die Daten wurden transkribiert und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Schreier 35 ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse bestätigten die hohe Relevanz der präoperativen Versorgung. Digitale Interventionen können die in diesem Zusammenhang existierende Versorgungslücke schließen. Die formulierten Anforderungen an eine Individualisierung und einen motivierenden Charakter können insbesondere durch Apps realisiert werden.

Diskussion Die zu entwickelnde App soll darauf abzielen 1.) eine Verhaltensänderung anzubahnen, 2.) Wissen zu vermitteln und 3.) Übungen anzuleiten. Vor dem Hintergrund der Zielsetzungen und dem Kontext, in dem die App Anwendung finden soll, ist von einer hohen Komplexität bei der Entwicklung und besonders der Implementierung auszugehen. Gleichzeitig ermöglicht die vorgelegte Analyse eine direkte Bearbeitung der identifizierten Herausforderungen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Entwicklung einer App als Teil der präoperativen Vorbereitung hat das Potenzial, eine aktuelle Versorgungslücke zu schließen und die möglichen negativen Folgen einer Operation zu adressieren. Die vorgelegte Studie gibt Hinweise für die nächsten Entwicklungsschritte.
Ungewöhnliche Waschfrauenhände – aquagenes Akrokeratoderm bei CFTR-Mutation
Authors: Appelt Linda , Proske Ulrike , Beissert Stefan
Published: July 2022

Das aquagene Akrokeratoderm manifestiert sich klinisch in Form von weißlichen, transluzenten Papeln und Plaques an den Hand- und seltener Fußflächen, welche wenige Minuten nach Wasserkontakt auftreten und mit Brennen, Juckreiz oder Schmerzen einhergehen können.

Das Krankheitsbild kann idiopathisch oder auch im Rahmen einer zystischen Fibrose auftreten. Eine Assoziation mit Hyperhidrose wird ebenfalls beschrieben.

Wir berichten über eine junge Patientin mit neu aufgetretenem aquagenem Akrokeratoderm der Handflächen, bei der wir im Verlauf eine CFTR-Mutation nachweisen konnten.
Therapie mit Upadacitinib bei schwerem atopischen Ekzem bei Komorbidität einer ankylosierenden Spondylitis und reaktiven Uveitis
Authors: Künzel Stephan R. , Günther Claudia , Bauer Andrea , Spornraft-Ragaller Petra , Abraham Susanne
Published: July 2022

Die atopische Dermatitis (AD) stellt mit einer Lebenszeitprävalenz von bis zu 20% die
häufigste chronisch-entzündliche Hauterkrankung des Menschen dar. Die Leitsymptome sind
quälender Pruritus und wiederkehrende ekzematöse Hautläsionen. Eine moderne therapeutische
Option stellt die Modulation des JAK-STAT-Signalweges mit oralen JAK-Inhibitoren (JAKIs) dar.
Wir berichten über einen 62-jährigen kaukasischen Patienten mit schwerer AD bei Komorbidität
einer ankylosierenden Spondylitis und rezidivierenden Uveitiden, der sich nach Einleitung
einer oralen Therapie mit Upadacitinib in anhaltender Remission sowohl der AD als auch der
Komorbidität befindet.
Discrimination of Zicao Samples Based on DNA Barcoding and HPTLC Fingerprints, and Identification of (22E)-Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one As a Marker Compound
Authors: Kretschmer Nadine , Durchschein Christin , Heubl Guenther , Pferschy-Wenzig Eva-Maria , Kunert Olaf , Bauer Rudolf
Published: July 2022

The unambiguous identification of plant material is a prerequisite of rational phytotherapy. Misidentification can even cause serious health problems, as in the case of the Chinese
medicinal herb Zicao. Commercial material labelled “Zicao” may be derived from the roots of Arnebia euchroma (ruan zicao), Lithospermum erythrorhizon (ying zicao), or Onosma
paniculata (dian zicao). All of these roots contain shikonin derivatives as main bioactive constituents, but ying zicao and dian zicao contain also hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in
high amounts. Therefore, the use of A. euchroma with a very low pyrrolizidine alkaloid content is desirable. Confusions of the species occur quite often, indicating an urgent need for
an unambiguous identification method. Discrimination of 23 zicao samples has been achieved by analyses of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer ITS2 and trnL-F intergenic spacer of
the chloroplast DNA. Data were analyzed using Bioedit, ClustalX, Mega 11 and BLAST. Results indicate that ITS2 barcoding can accurately distinguish Arnebia euchroma from their
adulterants. Subsequently, an HPTLC method has been developed allowing a chemical discrimination of the most widely used species. (22E)-Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one has been identified
as characteristic marker compound, allowing an unambiguous discrimination of A. euchroma and L. erythrorhizon.
Effect of micelle breaking rate and wall slip on unsteady motion past a sphere translating steadily in wormlike micellar solutions
Authors: Sasmal C.
Published: July 2022

Many prior experimental studies have found the existence of an unsteady or fluctuating flow field around a solid sphere when falling in wormlike micellar solutions. Based on the two-species Vasquez–Cook–McKinley constitutive model for micelles, a recent numerical study shows that the breakage of long micelles downstream of the translating sphere causes this unsteady motion [C. Sasmal, “Unsteady motion past a sphere translating steadily in wormlike micellar solutions: A numerical analysis,” J. Fluid Mech. 912, A52, (2021)]. This numerical study further shows that the micelle breakage rate and wall slip can strongly influence this phenomenon. In particular, we find that the onset of this unsteady motion is delayed to higher values of the Weissenberg number as the micelle breakage rate decreases, or in other words, micelles become hard to break. Additionally, we observe that at some values of the micelle breakage rate, again, a transition in the flow field from unsteady to steady occurs at high Weissenberg numbers. Therefore, there is a window of the Weissenberg number present to observe this unsteady motion past the translating sphere. On the other hand, we show that the presence of wall slip on the sphere surface suppresses this unsteady motion past the translating sphere, and a probable explanation is also provided for the same.
Stress tunable dynamic susceptibility of a magnetic vortex in a flexible Fe81Ga19 nanoring
Authors: Dai Guohong , Xing Xiangjun , Yan Weichao , Shen Yun , Deng Xiaohua
Published: July 2022

Introducing a flexible substrate in functional devices often brings about stress-tunable properties. Ferromagnetic nanorings fabricated on flexible substrates hold promise for microwave applications based on a stretchable functional system. Here, through micromagnetic simulations, we report high-frequency dynamic properties of such FeGa nanorings each with a magnetic vortex, concentrating on the dynamic susceptibility and the spatial structure of relevant resonance modes in response to an induced tensile or compressive stress. It is seen that the fundamental resonance frequency varies significantly with the mechanical stress and ring width. Furthermore, spatial profiles of the resonance modes are found to evolve with the stress and ring width, resulting in a repeated fluctuation in dynamic susceptibility. Our findings provide guidance for the design of stress tunable microwave devices.
Three issues on nozzle thrust performance in cold-to-hot correlation considering variable specific heat effect
Authors: Chen Kuangshi , Xu Jinglei , Qin Qihao , Song Guangtao
Published: July 2022

A high-temperature effect is crucial in cold-to-hot correlation for thrust nozzles to employ experimental data of cold flow to predict the real flight performance of hot gas. The high-temperature nozzle flow behaves beyond the classical gas dynamics and restricts the feasibility of cold-flow experiments, and it becomes more severe due to the species transformation from cold air to hot gas when safety and cost are considered. For an in-depth awareness, this work refines three fundamental issues regarding the high-temperature variable specific heat effect on nozzle flow characteristics. A comprehensive analysis is performed from theory to applications. First, the flow properties of calorically perfect gas (CPG) and thermally perfect gas (TPG) are distinguished and connected via the basic flow equations. One-dimensional flow theory is extended by the generalized stagnation–static gas functions for TPG. The unanticipated intersections within pressure are discovered, which could produce substantial perplexities in nozzle performance determinations. Second, the pros and cons of two homologous nozzle thrust coefficients are clarified on application objects, definition methods, and solution manners. It is proved that temperature has no influence on thrust coefficients for CPG, while the variable specific heat effect might induce three types of false-positive thrust coefficients, to make flow state unidentified, and further shake the baseline of nozzle performance. Third, for the aggravated variable specific heat effect in cold-to-hot correlation from air to hot gas, two methods are proposed with reliable verifications to solve this issue through introducing a novel concept of relative nozzle operating conditions.
Disappearing vortex problem in vortex identification: Non-existence for selected criteria
Authors: Kolář V. , Šístek J.
Published: July 2022

A discontinuous outcome of vortex-identification methods called the disappearing vortex problem (DVP) has been already found for the swirling strength criterion and the Rortex (later renamed as Liutex) method. Here, the opposite property reflecting the situation that the DVP cannot be found for any input data, that is, the non-existence of the DVP, is examined and proved valid for selected criteria based on the velocity-gradient tensor, including Q, lambda-2, and the triple decomposition method. For the Q-criterion and the triple decomposition method, it is done directly, whereas for lambda-2, it is shown using a proof by contradiction.
Effect of artificial large-scale structures on bursting phenomenon in turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Chen Xiaonan , Iwano Koji , Sakai Yasuhiko , Ito Yasumasa
Published: July 2022

In this study, the effect of artificial very-large-scale motions (AVLSMs) generated by a dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator (DBD-PA) array on the bursting phenomenon in the near-wall region (y+≤40 in the present study) was experimentally investigated. The DBD-PA array was embedded in the wall where the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) was fully developed. A hot-wire rake consisting of nine I-type probes was used to measure the streamwise fluctuation velocity throughout the TBL at two positions downstream from the DBD-PA array. At both measurement positions in the streamwise direction, it was observed that the negative artificial very-large-scale motions (nAVLSM) flanked on two sides by positive motions (pAVLSM) could extend to above 0.3δ height from the wall. The bursting phenomenon was detected using the variable-interval time-averaging technique. It was observed that the bursting phenomenon in pAVLSM was suppressed, whereas it was enhanced in nAVLSM. Further investigation showed that the bursting frequency normalized by the inner variables in nAVLSMs is the same as that of pAVLSMs only at the secondary measurement position, which is far from the DBD-PA array. These results suggest that the quasi-steady quasi-homogeneous theory only holds when the TBL is sufficiently developed.
Experimental investigation and reduced-order modeling of plasma jets in a turbulent boundary layer for skin-friction drag reduction
Authors: Zong H. , Su Z. , Liang H. , Wu Y.
Published: July 2022

Stereo particle imaging velocimetry measurements and reduced-order modeling are combined to provide a full picture of the interaction of plasma jets with a turbulent boundary layer (TBL). Three working modes of the plasma actuator are investigated, corresponding to a unidirectional jet (mode A), a steady crashing jet (mode B), and a spanwise oscillating jet (mode C). The results show that in mode C, a periodical alteration of two opposite wall jets can only be achieved at a low modulation frequency of 20 Hz. As the frequency increases to 100 Hz, the two unsteady wall jets collide in the middle, producing a meandering vertical jet column. In the cross-flow TBL, mode A induces a single streamwise vortex, which grows in size within the plasma actuation zone and decays rapidly in strength after propagating beyond. As a comparison, modes B and C produce a counter-rotating vortex pair during the interaction. The skin-friction drag variations within the plasma actuation zone are dominated by the cross-stream momentum transportation of streamwise vortices. In the vortex upwash zone where a strong shear is present, high levels of turbulent kinetic energy are produced. Physically, the spanwise shaking and vertical jumping of plasma jet heads contribute noticeably to turbulent fluctuation. Experimental evidence supports the simplification of a streamwise momentum equation into a nonlinear transportation–diffusion equation, resulting in a reduced-order streamwise vortex transportation model. Detailed comparison with the experimental data shows that this model is able to give a reasonable prediction of the cross-stream flow patterns and streamwise velocity variations within minutes.
Development of the ‘AusPROM’ recommendations for elective surgery patients
Authors: Brusco Natasha K. , Myles Paul S. , Atkinson Victoria , Woods Jeffrey , Hodge Anita , Jones Cathy , Lloyd Damien , Rovtar Vincent , Clifford Amanda M. , Wood Tom , Morris Meg E.
Published: July 2022

Objective Implementing the routine collection of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) is key to improving healthcare quality and patient satisfaction. The implementation process can be strengthened through staff and patient co-design. The aim of this project was to develop a set of Australian PROM implementation recommendations (‘AusPROM’) to guide rapid translation into practice. Methods Staff working across 29 Australian private hospitals participated in the project. The hospitals provided elective surgery and spanned each state and territory of Australia. Staff engaged in a Delphi technique to develop the AusPROM, which involved three iterative focus groups. To ensure full disclosure, staff were also provided with additional project-related data sources throughout the Delphi technique. This included data from a patient focus group (patient co-design), patient survey, technical feasibility testing, 3 months of pilot testing (four sites), 3 months of national implementation (29 sites) and global evidence. This process ensured that staff and patient feedback was used to co-design the three iterations of the AusPROM recommendations until the final agreed version was established. Results A total of 22 AusPROM recommendations were included in the final iteration. The recommendations covered the domains of PROM characteristics, healthcare organisation characteristics, external influences, staff and patient characteristics, and facilitators to implementing AusPROMS in routine practice. Conclusion The AusPROM recommendations offer practical considerations for the implementation of PROMs in hospitals. The iterative nature of the Delphi technique ensured that staff and patient co-design were central to the development of the AusPROM recommendations.
In situ fabrication of AgVO3/BiVO4 graphene aerogels with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Maoli , Xie Qin , Wang Bolin , Lin Li , Jiang Yuanyuan , Zhang Li , Zhao Ying , Zhang Yunsong , Zhao Maojun
Published: July 2022

The application of semiconductor photocatalysts with multiple functions is important in the field of photocatalysis technology. As a result, a unique three-dimensional (3D) porous AgVO3/BiVO4/graphene aerogel (AgVO3/BiVO4/GA) was fabricated by using in situ ion exchange and a hydrothermal strategy. The obtained AgVO3/BiVO4/GA shows well-organized heterostructures in which AgVO3 with a rod-like morphology is well dispersed in the 3D graphene aerogel network. Moreover, AgVO3 is used as a precursor for BiVO4 growing on its surface via in situ ion exchange, which effectively avoids the agglomeration of AgVO3 and BiVO4 in the reaction. Benefitting from a reasonable composition and structure, AgVO3/BiVO4/GA possesses a brilliant photodegradation rate towards methyl orange (MO) (93% removal efficiency in 54 min) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) (approximately 92% removal rate within 80 min) and bacteriostatic ability for E. coli (100% antiseptic rate in 30 min), as well as prominent photodegradation activity after five cycles. In addition, E. coli was used as an ecological indicator to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of TCH, and the results confirm that the prepared AgVO3/BiVO4/GA composite can effectively reduce the aquatic toxicity of TCH.
Challenges of conducting kidney health checks among patients at risk of chronic kidney disease and attending an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary healthcare service
Authors: Lakhan Prabha , Cooney Anna , Palamuthusingam Dharmenaan , Torrens Gary , Spurling Geoffrey , Martinez Antonio , Johnson David
Published: July 2022

Background The increasing incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) globally highlights the importance of early targeted screening of at-risk persons in primary healthcare settings. This study investigated the early detection of CKD among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients attending an urban primary healthcare service. Methods Routine data extracted for all patients with an active electronic medical record on 7 December 2017 were used to identify patients who were eligible to have a kidney health check (KHC), comprising estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) tests. A subsequent manual search of electronic health records identified the presence of CKD risk factors and follow-up KHCs. Results Of the 1181 eligible patients, 171 (15%) had a complete initial KHC. Of the eight patients with an initial abnormal eGFR, two (25%) had a repeat eGFR assessment within 3 months to confirm the presence of CKD. Of the 30 patients who had an initial abnormal UACR result, three (10%) had at least one repeat UACR measurement within 3 months. In patients with diabetes and/or hypertension and a normal initial KHC, 51% had a repeat eGFR and 36% had UACR within the recommended time frame of 12 months. Similar findings were observed for the recommended time frame of 24 months in patients without diabetes or hypertension. Conclusion Accurate documentation of risk factors for CKD and processes to address the barriers to implementation of Kidney Health Australia guidelines will assist in preventing or delaying progression of CKD.
Patient-centred approaches to providing care at HIV diagnosis: perspectives from healthcare and peer-support workers
Authors: Wells Nathanael , Prestage Garrett , Murphy Dean , Medland Nicholas , Mao Limin , Howard Chris , Fairley Christopher , Brown Graham
Published: July 2022

Background Early uptake of HIV treatment among those newly diagnosed with HIV can improve individual health and prevent onward transmission. Patient-centred care is considered an important aspect in health care, the management of HIV, and can improve uptake of and adherence to HIV treatments. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with sexual health clinicians (n, 10) and HIV support workers (n, 4) to understand how they approached HIV diagnosis delivery and care immediately thereafter. Results Our thematic analysis identified three themes: (1) centring patient needs at diagnosis; (2) assessing patients’ readiness to begin treatment; and (3) referrals to psychosocial support services. Our findings highlight centring patients was an important aspect of how participants delivered HIV diagnoses. By taking this approach, clinicians were best able to consider patient readiness to initiate treatment and referrals to social support services. Conclusions Given HIV diagnoses are increasingly occurring in generalist health services, our findings offer an important opportunity to learn from the experiences of specialist sexual health clinicians and HIV support workers.
Cryo-EM structures of alphavirus conformational intermediates in low pH–triggered prefusion states
Authors: Chen Chun-Liang , Klose Thomas , Sun Chengqun , Kim Arthur S. , Buda Geeta , Rossmann Michael G. , Diamond Michael S. , Klimstra William B. , Kuhn Richard J.
Published: July 2022

Alphaviruses can cause severe human arthritis and encephalitis. During virus infection, structural changes of viral glycoproteins in the acidified endosome trigger virus–host membrane fusion for delivery of the capsid core and RNA genome into the cytosol to initiate virus translation and replication. However, mechanisms by which E1 and E2 glycoproteins rearrange in this process remain unknown. Here, we investigate prefusion cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) under acidic conditions. With models fitted into the low-pH cryo-EM maps, we suggest that E2 dissociates from E1, accompanied by a rotation (∼60°) of the E2-B domain (E2-B) to expose E1 fusion loops. Cryo-EM reconstructions of EEEV bound to a protective antibody at acidic and neutral pH suggest that stabilization of E2-B prevents dissociation of E2 from E1. These findings reveal conformational changes of the glycoprotein spikes in the acidified host endosome. Stabilization of E2-B may provide a strategy for antiviral agent development.
Restoration of atypical protein kinase C ζ function in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ameliorates disease progression
Authors: Akbari Masaw , West Jonathan D. , Doerr Nicholas , Kipp Kevin R. , Marhamati Neda , Vuong Sabrina , Wang Yidi , Rinschen Markus M. , Talbot Jeffrey J. , Wessely Oliver , Weimbs Thomas
Published: July 2022

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) affects more than 500,000 individuals in the United States alone. In most cases, ADPKD is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in thePKD1gene, which encodes polycystin-1 (PC1). Previous studies reported that PC1 interacts with atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). Here we show that PC1 binds to the ζ isoform of aPKC (PKCζ) and identify two PKCζ phosphorylation sites on PC1’s C-terminal tail. PKCζ expression is down-regulated in patients with ADPKD and orthologous and nonorthologous PKD mouse models. We find that the US Food and Drug Administration–approved drug FTY720 restores PKCζ expression in in vitro and in vivo models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and this correlates with ameliorated disease progression in multiple PKD mouse models. Importantly, we show that FTY720 treatment is less effective in PKCζ null versions of these PKD mouse models, elucidating a PKCζ-specific mechanism of action that includes inhibiting STAT3 activity and cyst-lining cell proliferation. Taken together, our results reveal that PKCζ down-regulation is a hallmark of PKD and that its stabilization by FTY720 may represent a therapeutic approach to the treat the disease.
Declines in prevalence alter the optimal level of sexual investment for the malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Early Angela M. , Camponovo Flavia , Pelleau Stéphane , Cerqueira Gustavo C. , Lazrek Yassamine , Volney Béatrice , Carrasquilla Manuela , de Thoisy Benoît , Buckee Caroline O. , Childs Lauren M. , Musset Lise , Neafsey Daniel E.
Published: July 2022

Successful infectious disease interventions can result in large reductions in parasite prevalence. Such demographic change has fitness implications for individual parasites and may shift the parasite’s optimal life history strategy. Here, we explore whether declining infection rates can alter
Plasmodium falciparum
’s investment in sexual versus asexual growth. Using a multiscale mathematical model, we demonstrate how the proportion of polyclonal infections, which decreases as parasite prevalence declines, affects the optimal sexual development strategy: Within-host competition in multiclone infections favors a greater investment in asexual growth whereas single-clone infections benefit from higher conversion to sexual forms. At the same time, drug treatment also imposes selection pressure on sexual development by shortening infection length and reducing within-host competition. We assess these models using 148
P. falciparum
parasite genomes sampled in French Guiana over an 18-y period of intensive intervention (1998 to 2015). During this time frame, multiple public health measures, including the introduction of new drugs and expanded rapid diagnostic testing, were implemented, reducing
P. falciparum
malaria cases by an order of magnitude. Consistent with this prevalence decline, we see an increase in the relatedness among parasites, but no single clonal background grew to dominate the population. Analyzing individual allele frequency trajectories, we identify genes that likely experienced selective sweeps. Supporting our model predictions, genes showing the strongest signatures of selection include transcription factors involved in the development of
P. falciparum
’s sexual gametocyte form. These results highlight how public health interventions impose wide-ranging selection pressures that affect basic parasite life history traits.
A 3D-printed transepidermal microprojection array for human skin microbiome sampling
Authors: Liang Kun , Leong Cheryl , Loh Jia Min , Chan Nathania , Lim Larissa , Lam Yuen In , Dawson Thomas L. , Tey Hong Liang
Published: July 2022

Skin microbiome sampling is currently performed with tools such as swabs and tape strips to collect microbes from the skin surface. However, these conventional approaches may be unable to detect microbes deeper in the epidermis or in epidermal invaginations. We describe a sampling tool with a depth component, a transepidermal microprojection array (MPA), which captures microbial biomass from both the epidermal surface and deeper skin layers. We leveraged the rapid customizability of 3D printing to enable systematic optimization of MPA for human skin sampling. Evaluation of sampling efficacy on human scalp revealed the optimized MPA was comparable in sensitivity to swab and superior to tape strip, especially for nonstandard skin surfaces. We observed differences in species diversity, with the MPA detecting clinically relevant fungi more often than other approaches. This work delivers a tool in the complex field of skin microbiome sampling to potentially address gaps in our understanding of its role in health and disease.
Wnt signaling regulates hepatocyte cell division by a transcriptional repressor cascade
Authors: Jin Yinhua , Anbarchian Teni , Wu Peng , Sarkar Abby , Fish Matt , Peng Weng Chuan , Nusse Roel
Published: July 2022

Cell proliferation is tightly controlled by inhibitors that block cell cycle progression until growth signals relieve this inhibition, allowing cells to divide. In several tissues, including the liver, cell proliferation is inhibited at mitosis by the transcriptional repressors E2F7 and E2F8, leading to formation of polyploid cells. Whether growth factors promote mitosis and cell cycle progression by relieving the E2F7/E2F8-mediated inhibition is unknown. We report here on a mechanism of cell division control in the postnatal liver, in which Wnt/β-catenin signaling maintains active hepatocyte cell division throughTbx3, a Wnt target gene. The TBX3 protein directly represses transcription ofE2f7andE2f8, thereby promoting mitosis. This cascade of sequential transcriptional repressors, initiated by Wnt signals, provides a paradigm for exploring how commonly active developmental signals impact cell cycle completion.