bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local adaptation of Dromiciops marsupials (Microbiotheriidae) from southern South America: Implications for species management facing climate change
Authors: Quintero‐Galvis Julian F. , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , D'Elía Guillermo , Nespolo Roberto F.
Published: October 2024

The two species of the microbiotheriid marsupial genus Dromiciops (Dromiciops bozinovici: “Panchos's monito del monte” and Dromiciops gliroides: “monito del monte”) exhibit a marked latitudinal genetic differentiation. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether this differentiation results from neutral processes or can be explained, to some extent, by local adaptation to different environmental conditions. Here, we used an SNP panel gathered by Rad‐seq and searched for footprints of local adaptation (putative loci under selection) by exploring genetic associations with environmental variables in the two species of Dromiciops in Chilean and Argentinean populations. We applied three methods for detecting outlier SNPs and two genotype–environment associations approaches to quantify associations between allelic frequencies and environmental variables. Both species display strong genetic structure. D. bozinovici exhibited three distinct genetic groups, marking the first report of such structuring in this species using SNPs. In contrast, D. gliroides displayed four genetic clusters, consistent with previous studies. Both species exhibited an association of their genetic structure with environmental variables. D. bozinovici exhibited significant associations of allelic frequencies with elevation, precipitation during the warmest periods, and seasonality in the thermal regime. For D. gliroides, genetic variation appeared to be associated with more variables than D. bozinovici, including precipitation and temperature‐related variables, isothermality, and elevation. All the outlier SNPs were mapped to the D. gliroides reference genome to explore if they fell within functionally known genes. These results represent a necessary first step toward identifying the genome regions that harbor genes associated with climate adaptations in Dromiciops. Notably, we identified genes involved in various functions, including carbohydrate synthesis (ALG8), muscle and neuronal regulation (MEF2D), and stress responses (PTGES3). Ultimately, this study contributes valuable insights that can inform targeted conservation strategies aimed at preserving the genetic diversity of Dromiciops in the face of environmental challenges.
Plant community responses to the individual and interactive effects of warming and herbivory across multiple years
Authors: Young Moriah L. , Dobson Kara C. , Hammond Mark D. , Zarnetske Phoebe L.
Published: October 2024

Anthropogenic climate warming affects plant communities by changing community structure and function. Studies on climate warming have primarily focused on individual effects of warming, but the interactive effects of warming with biotic factors could be at least as important in community responses to climate change. In addition, climate change experiments spanning multiple years are necessary to capture interannual variability and detect the influence of these effects within ecological communities. Our study explores the individual and interactive effects of warming and insect herbivory on plant traits and community responses within a 7‐year warming and herbivory manipulation experiment in two early successional plant communities in Michigan, USA. We find stronger support for the individual effects of both warming and herbivory on multiple plant morphological and phenological traits; only the timing of plant green‐up and seed set demonstrated an interactive effect between warming and herbivory. With herbivory, warming advanced green‐up, but with reduced herbivory, there was no significant effect of warming. In contrast, warming increased plant biomass, but the effect of warming on biomass did not depend upon the level of insect herbivores. We found that these treatments had stronger effects in some years than others, highlighting the need for multiyear experiments. This study demonstrates that warming and herbivory can have strong direct effects on plant communities, but that their interactive effects are limited in these early successional systems. Because the strength and direction of these effects can vary by ecological context, it is still advisable to include levels of biotic interactions, multiple traits and years, and community type when studying climate change effects on plants and their communities.
Stabilizing Copper(I) Complexes by Terminal Olefinic Side Arms and Studying Their Reactivity Towards Oxidation
Authors: Granichny Alexander , Würtele Christian , Schindler Siegfried
Published: October 2024

Many copper(I) complexes with aliphatic amine ligands have a strong tendency to disproportionate to copper(II) and elemental copper in solution at higher concentrations, making it difficult to isolate them and to study their reactivity. A series of copper(I) complexes with ligands based on tridentate N,N,N’,N’’,N’’‐pentamethldiethylenetriamine (Me5dien) were synthesized that included terminal olefinic and aromatic groups. It could be shown that the olefinic side arms stabilized some of the copper(I) complexes. Whether and how strongly the complexes were stabilized depended on the position and length of the olefinic sidearm. Additionally, the reactivity of the copper(I) complexes towards dioxygen was investigated.
Unleashing the Power of Plant Structural and Functional Diversity: From Common Observations to Theory and Management Models
Authors: Bravo Felipe , van der Werf Wopke , Tognetti Roberto , Mazía Noemí , Anten Niels P. R. , Piazza María‐Victoria , Tomelleri Enrico , Pretzsch Hans
Published: October 2024

New approaches for managing agricultural and forestry systems are needed to bring back inputs to levels that are within planetary boundaries and make greater and better use of ecosystem services based on biodiversity. A new scientific framework informed by ecology, agronomy, forestry, and agroforestry is key to designing resilient plant‐based ecosystems to meet this challenge. Integrating information on plant functional traits, ontogenetic development stages, site characteristics, and structural stand characteristics can unleash the power of diversity (in species traits and structural and temporal arrangements) as a crucial factor for sustaining environmental services in times of global change. To leverage the benefits of diversity, a general theoretical framework and scalable simulation models are needed to understand structural and species diversification effects and interactions at multiple levels, from plant to field/forest stand to landscape. By working across established research boundaries, the scientific community can harness the power of structural and functional diversity to develop resilient, production‐oriented ecosystems. With this integrative approach, our objectives are as follows: (i) to conceptualize processes and methodologies for managing resilient terrestrial ecosystems that can guarantee sustainable and diversified ecosystem services within planetary boundaries, and (ii) to outline the workflow for crafting a system capable of sustaining human well‐being amid space, resource, and energy constraints.
HSPEI: A 1‐km spatial resolution SPEI dataset across the Chinese mainland from 2001 to 2022
Authors: Xia Haoming , Sha Yintao , Zhao Xiaoyang , Jiao Wenzhe , Song Hongquan , Yang Jia , Zhao Wei , Qin Yaochen
Published: October 2024

The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is a widely recognized and effective tool for monitoring meteorological droughts. However, existing SPEI datasets suffer from spatial discontinuity or coarse spatial resolution problems, which limits their applications at the local level for drought monitoring research. Therefore, we calculated the SPEI index at meteorological stations, combined with the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Precipitation (Pre), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature (LST), ERA5‐Land Shortwave Radiation (SR), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) datasets and Random Forest Regression (RFR) model, developed a high spatial resolution (1 km) SPEI (HSPEI) datasets with multiple time scales in mainland China from 2001 to 2022. Compared to other SPEI datasets, the HSPEI datasets have higher spatial resolution and can effectively identify the detailed characteristics of drought in mainland China from 2001 to 2022. Overall, the HSPEI datasets can be effectively applied to the research of different droughts in China from 2001 to 2022.
Development of a Preclinical Double Model of Mandibular Irradiated Bone and Osteoradionecrosis in New Zealand Rabbits
Authors: Ruaro Alessandra , Taboni Stefano , Chan Harley H. L. , Mondello Tiziana , Lindsay Patricia , Komal Teesha , Alessandrini Lara , Sbaraglia Marta , Bellan Elena , Maroldi Roberto , Townson Jason , Daly Michael J. , Re Federica , Pasini Chiara , Krengli Marco , Sartore Luciana , Russo Domenico , Nicolai Piero , Ferrari Marco , Gilbert Ralph W. , Irish Jonathan C.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Radiotherapy (RT) plays a crucial role in head and neck (HN) cancer treatment. Nevertheless, it can lead to serious and challenging adverse events such as osteoradionecrosis (ORN). A preclinical rabbit model of irradiated bone and ORN is herein proposed, with the aim to develop a viable model to be exploited for investigating new therapeutic approaches.

Methods

Nine New Zealand white rabbits were irradiated using a single beam positioned to the left of the mandible and directed perpendicular to the left mandible. A 10 × 10 mm2 region of interest (ROI) located below the first molar tooth on the left side was identified and irradiated with 7 Gy each fraction, once every 2 days, for five fractions. Dose distributions demonstrated that the corresponding ROI on the contralateral (right) mandibular side received approximately 5 Gy each fraction, thus bilateral irradiation of the mandible was achieved. ROIs were categorized as ROIH on the left side receiving the high dose and ROIL on the right side receiving the low dose. Rabbits were followed up clinically and imaged monthly. After 4 months, the irradiated bone was excised, and histological examination of ROIs was performed.

Results

Radiological signs suggestive for ORN were detected in the entire population (100%) 16 weeks after irradiation on ROIH, which consisted of cortical erosion and loss of trabeculae. ROIL did not show any radiological evidence of bone damage. Histologically, both sides showed comparable signs of injury, with marked reduction in osteocyte count and increase in empty lacunae count.

Conclusions

A preclinical double model was successfully developed. The side receiving the higher dose showed radiological and histological signs of bone damage, resulting in an ORN model. Whereas the contralateral side, receiving the lower dose, presented with histological damage only and a normal radiological appearance. This work describes the creation of a double model, an ORN and irradiated bone model, for further study using this animal species.
A Novel Approach for Identifying and Assessing MOR‐Based CMIP6 Model for Hydrological Analysis in an Ungauged Watershed
Authors: Roy Dibyandu , Dhar Anirban , Desai Venkappayya R.
Published: October 2024

The identification of the onset and retreat dates of the monsoon season is a crucial and intricate phenomenon, given its annual spatiotemporal variability. The monsoon season contributes significantly to rainfall, replenishing water sources and hydrological systems but causes hydrological extremes, especially for the high‐altitude watersheds in Southeast Asia. Global Circulation Model (GCM)‐Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6)‐based rainfall and temperature data are helpful for adequately representing present and future climate scenarios. However, the usability of uncorrected GCM‐CMIP6 datasets needs to be assessed regionally. This study focuses on identifying the best‐suited GCM‐CMIP6 based on the monsoon onset (MO) and retreat (MR) dates along with other climatological temporal parameters. A numerical definition for MO and MR has been formulated to find the best‐suited GCM‐CMIP6 (i.e., CMCC‐ESM2). In this context, runoff simulation is carried out using the meteorological inputs of the monsoon onset‐retreat (MOR)‐based best‐suited GCM to evaluate its usability. A multi‐model simulation approach has been carried out for runoff estimation based on observed datasets to find a better‐suited hydrological model. The proposed overall methodology is tested in a hydrological extreme‐prone ungauged watershed (i.e., Ranikhola). CMCC‐ESM2 and SSP2‐4.5 has been identified as best‐suited SSP based on statistical evolution (R2 [0.693], NSE [0.662] and RSR [0.581]) for future daily runoff prediction. Future hydrological analysis shows that the average monsoon peak runoff magnitude will increase from the calibrated period (2015–2020) by 18.01% in the coming years (2021–2049).
An analytical approach for identifying trend‐seasonal components and detecting unexpected behaviour in psychological time‐series
Authors: Parpoula Christina
Published: October 2024

The recent advances in technological capabilities have led to a massive production of time‐series data and remarkable progress in longitudinal designs and analyses within psychological research. However, implementing time‐series analysis can be challenging due to the various characteristics and complexities involved, as well as the need for statistical expertise. This paper introduces a statistical pipeline on time‐series analysis for studying the changes in a single process over time at either a population or individual level, both retrospectively and prospectively. This is achieved through systemization and extension of existing modelling and inference techniques. This analytical approach enables practitioners not only to track but also to model and evaluate emerging trends and apparent seasonality. It also allows for the detection of unexpected events, quantifying their deviations from baseline and forecasting future values. Given that other discernible population‐ and individual‐level changes in psychological and behavioural processes have not yet emerged, continued surveillance is warranted. A near real‐time monitoring tool of time‐series data could guide community psychological responses across multiple ecological levels, making it a valuable resource for field practitioners and psychologists. An empirical study is conducted to illustrate the implementation of the introduced analytical pipeline in practice and to demonstrate its capabilities.
Enhanced Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Staging With HRNeT: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Rathan N. , Lokesh S.
Published: October 2024

The healthcare industry has been significantly impacted by the widespread adoption of advanced technologies such as deep learning (DL) and artificial intelligence (AI). Among various applications, computer‐aided diagnosis has become a critical tool to enhance medical practice. In this research, we introduce a hybrid approach that combines a deep neural model, data collection, and classification methods for CT scans. This approach aims to detect and classify the severity of pulmonary disease and the stages of lung cancer. Our proposed lung cancer detector and stage classifier (LCDSC) demonstrate greater performance, achieving higher accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, recall, and precision. We employ an active contour model for lung cancer segmentation and high‐resolution net (HRNet) for stage classification. This methodology is validated using the industry‐standard benchmark image dataset lung image database consortium and image database resource initiative (LIDC‐IDRI). The results show a remarkable accuracy of 98.4% in classifying lung cancer stages. Our approach presents a promising solution for early lung cancer diagnosis, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
Unveiling Thymoma Typing Through Hyperspectral Imaging and Deep Learning
Authors: Lv Qize , Liang Ke , Tian ChongXuan , Zhang YanHai , Li YunZe , Deng JinLin , Yue WeiMing , Li Wei
Published: October 2024

Thymoma, a rare tumor from thymic epithelial cells, presents diagnostic challenges because of the subjective nature of traditional methods, leading to high false‐negative rates and long diagnosis times. This study introduces a thymoma classification technique that integrates hyperspectral imaging with deep learning. We initially capture pathological slice images of thymoma using a hyperspectral camera and delineate regions of interest to extract spectral data. This data undergoes reflectance calibration and noise reduction. Subsequently, we transform the spectral data into two‐dimensional images via the Gramian Angular Field (GAF) method. A variant residual network is then utilized to extract features and classify these images. Our results demonstrate that this model significantly enhances classification accuracy and efficiency, achieving an average accuracy of 95%. The method proves highly effective in automated thymoma diagnosis, optimizing data utilization, and feature representation learning.
Boundary controllability of a Korteweg–de Vries‐type Boussinesq system
Authors: Komornik Vilmos , Pazoto Ademir F. , Vieira Miguel D. Soto
Published: October 2024

The two‐way propagation of a certain class of long‐crested water waves is governed approximately by systems of equations of the Boussinesq type. These equations have been put forward in various forms by many authors and their higher‐order generalizations arise when modeling the propagation of waves on large lakes, ocean, and in other contexts. Considered here is a class of such system which couple two higher‐order Korteweg–de‐Vries type equations. Our aim is to investigate the controllability properties of the linearized model posed on a periodic interval. By using the classical duality approach and some theorems on nonharmonic Fourier series, we prove that the system is exactly controllable in certain well‐chosen Sobolev spaces by means of suitable boundary controls.
Better and richer than me? The joint effect of performance and performance‐related social comparison on goal‐pursuit motivation
Authors: Zhang Lan , Li Yi , Zheng Chundong
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, consumers increasingly use mobile apps such as Strava, Fitbit app, Nike Training Club, Duolingo, and WeChat Reading to facilitate goal pursuits in exercising, dieting, studying, working, and learning new skills. These apps not only offer support for users to work toward their goals but also embed features like performance rankings and social profiles to enhance community building and user engagement. These features frequently expose users to social comparisons of their performance in goal‐related tasks (e.g., performance ranking) and other performance‐related dimensions (e.g., age, gender, financial status). Prior research offers limited insights into how these performance and performance‐related comparisons jointly influence consumers’ goal‐pursuit motivation. To address this gap, across four experiments involving one incentive‐compatible study, we find that in the upward performance comparison (the comparison target has superior performance), the comparison target being inferior (vs. superior) on the performance‐related dimension enhances consumers’ self‐threat, which increases consumers’ goal‐pursuit motivation. In the downward performance comparison (the comparison target has inferior performance), the comparison target being superior (vs. inferior) on the performance‐related dimension enhances consumers’ self‐efficacy, which increases their goal‐pursuit motivation.
The virtual new or the real old? The effect of temporal alignment between influencer virtuality and brand heritage narration on consumers' luxury consumption
Authors: Mo Tingting , Wang Weisha
Published: October 2024

Luxury brands today face the challenge of preserving their timeless allure while adapting to contemporary trends in the digital age. However, the impact of digital experiences on the value addition to luxury brands remains unclear. Drawing upon construal level theory, this research explores how influencer type (human vs. virtual influencers) interacts with luxury brands' heritage narrations (past vs. present emphasis) and influences consumers' luxury consumption. Three studies conducted with middle‐income Chinese consumers reveal that combinations of influencer type and heritage narration type, representing higher temporal alignment between influencer and heritage narrative tense (virtual influencer + present narration or human influencer + past narration), elicit more favorable consumer responses (purchase intent, brand attachment, and brand credibility perception), compared to other combinations that represent lower temporal alignment (Study 1). Furthermore, we find that consumers' incremental mindset mediates the positive impact of temporal alignment on consumer responses (Study 2), and consumers' construal level state moderates the influence of temporal alignment on incremental mindset (Study 3). This research provides valuable insights for luxury brands seeking to harness the potential of virtual experiences and heritage management effectively.
Clinical glycoproteomics: methods and diseases
Authors: Wang Yujia , Lei Kaixin , Zhao Lijun , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2024

Glycoproteins, representing a significant proportion of posttranslational products, play pivotal roles in various biological processes, such as signal transduction and immune response. Abnormal glycosylation may lead to structural and functional changes of glycoprotein, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. Consequently, exploring protein glycosylation can shed light on the mechanisms behind disease manifestation and pave the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Nonetheless, the study of clinical glycoproteomics is fraught with challenges due to the low abundance and intricate structures of glycosylation. Recent advancements in mass spectrometry‐based clinical glycoproteomics have improved our ability to identify abnormal glycoproteins in clinical samples. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the foundational principles and recent advancements in clinical glycoproteomic methodologies and applications. Furthermore, we discussed the typical characteristics, underlying functions, and mechanisms of glycoproteins in various diseases, such as brain diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, kidney diseases, and metabolic diseases. Additionally, we highlighted potential avenues for future development in clinical glycoproteomics. These insights provided in this review will enhance the comprehension of clinical glycoproteomic methods and diseases and promote the elucidation of pathogenesis and the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in human cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Jiang Jun , Han Donghui , Wang Jiawei , Wen Weihong , Zhang Rui , Qin Weijun
Published: October 2024

Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NEtD), also commonly referred to as lineage plasticity, emerges as an acquired resistance mechanism to molecular targeted therapies in multiple cancer types, predominately occurs in metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor targeting therapies. NEtD tumors are the lethal cancer histologic subtype with unfavorable prognosis and limited treatment. A comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanism underlying targeted‐induced plasticity could greatly facilitate the development of novel therapies. In the past few years, increasingly elegant studies indicated that NEtD tumors share key the convergent genomic and phenotypic characteristics irrespective of their site of origin, but also embrace distinct change and function of molecular mechanisms. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of molecular mechanism in regulating the NEtD, including genetic alterations, DNA methylation, histone modifications, dysregulated noncoding RNA, lineage‐specific transcription factors regulation, and other proteomic alterations. We also provide the current management of targeted therapies in clinical and preclinical practice.
White paper examines role, value of CCBHCs in crisis care
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2024

Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs) can significantly contribute to crisis system planning, coordination at various levels of implementation, such as cross‐sector collaboration and innovation and best practices, according to a new white paper released last week by the National Council for Mental Wellbeing.
Gaps in MH care found for adults with schizophrenia disorders
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2024

Observing that adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders have high rates of comorbid mental and substance use disorders and significant social and economic disadvantages, researchers of a new study examining this population said that innovative interventions, and an implementation to improve access to and use evidence‐based approaches, are needed to address their unmet treatment needs.
High selectivity wideband two‐channel bandpass filter for 5G microwave communication systems
Authors: Aidoo Michael Wilson , Song Kaijun , Fan Yong
Published: October 2024

A two‐channel high‐selectivity, wideband bandpass filter has been presented. This is based on a microstrip mixed‐impedance resonator and defected ground structure with the mixed coupling strategy. Two pairs of peripheral stepped‐impedance resonator (SIR) structures are used as stubs, achieving TZs at the immediate lower and upper cut‐off sides of the passband and control the bandwidth, while the other two transmission zeros on the upper cut‐off side are yielded through the defected ground structure, and the coupling between the SIR and uniform‐impedance resonators components, respectively. A prototype of the circuit is fabricated and measured for validation. The measured results exhibited insertion and return losses better than 1.1 and 20.5 dB, respectively, and high isolation levels exceeding 19 dB. In total, four transmission zeros are achieved. The designed filtering circuit realized a 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 58.1%. There is a 0.95f0 stopband at the upper cutoff. The fabrication of the prototype shows good agreement between the simulated and measured performance.
Impact of Antibiotic Choice at the Time of Sacral Neuromodulation Implantation on Rates of Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Bauer Hope H. , Johnston Peyton S. , Rhodes Stephen P. , Hijaz Adonis K. , Sheyn David
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of specific antibiotic regimens in preventing infection following sacral neuromodulation.

Materials and Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing the Premier Healthcare Database. Patients who underwent sacral neuromodulation placement between January 2016 and March 2020. The patients were grouped by those who received dual antibiotic therapy per 2019 AUA guidelines (Gram positive + broad Gram negative coverage), first‐ or second‐generation cephalosporins or any other regimen. Comparison between groups was performed using Kruskal–Wallis and χ2 tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) analysis was used to estimate the average treatment effect of AUA guidelines regimens versus the use the first‐ or second‐generation cephalosporins alone.

Results

The sample included 14 179 patients, with 2211 patients receiving prophylaxis that followed the AUA guideline recommendations. There was no significant difference in surgical site infection rates within 3 months (p = 0.28) or within 12 months (p = 0.53) between the groups. On IPTW, the probability of an infection at 3 months was lower with the AUA guideline regimens compared to those who received first‐ or second‐generation cephalosporins alone, but this difference was not statistically significant (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: [0.43, 1.24]).

Conclusions

In the absence of allergies to cephalosporins or penicillin, first‐ or second‐generation cephalosporins alone may be a sufficient preoperative antibiotic regimen for prevention of infection at the time of sacral neuromodulation.

Trial Registration

Not applicable due to being a database study.
Sheep Ahoy: Exploring sheep management and its role in Viking Age economy through multiproxy analyses at Löddeköpinge, Sweden
Authors: Macheridis Stella , Faillace Katie , Hood Meredith , Sayle Kerry L. , Inglis Edward , Madgwick Richard
Published: October 2024

Sheep and their wool were paramount to Viking Age economies. The importance of wool cannot be underestimated, especially as the woollen sail was implemented on ships in general during this period. This paper investigates sheep management and landscape use in Viking Age Löddeköpinge in Scania, southern Sweden, through a multiproxy approach, integrating multi‐isotope methods with zooarchaeological analysis. Using the marketplace at Löddeköpinge as a case study, 18 sheep mandibles were analyzed through zooarchaeological methods and isotope analyses of δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, and 87Sr/86Sr. The results show that the sheep represent a composite deadflock, meaning they probably derive from different liveflocks. The 87Sr/86Sr values demonstrate likely origins north and east of Löddeköpinge. The δ13C and δ15N values indicate a terrestrial diet with variation in δ15N, meaning that some may have grazed on manured fields. The δ15N, in conjunction with δ34S, values show a possible limnic influence, implying grazing on pastures close to freshwater systems; however, this requires further investigation. The results illuminate the marketplace function of Löddeköpinge, as sheep bred north and east of the site were transported and exchanged there. This shows the degree and extent of control of the re‐distributional system held by the local elite. This control may be instigated by the increased textile production, especially concerning sailcloth, at the site. If so, sheep management may have been specialized towards the production of optimal wool for sailcloth, besides other essential cloth.
On the application of the finite cell method to static analysis of trabecular bone tissue specimen using high‐resolution microCT data
Authors: Shahmohammadi Mohammad Amin , Fiedler Imke , vom Scheidt Annika , Busse Björn , Düster Alexander
Published: October 2024

This study aims to introduce a robust numerical approach to simulate complex small‐scale mediums such as trabecular bone tissue in form of a cylindrical specimen taken from human vertebra. Consideration of previous related studies indicates that there are several challenges in utilizing standard finite element (FE) techniques for the analysis of such biomechanical structures. This is mainly due to their time‐consuming procedure required for generating geometry conforming meshes. In this regard, the finite cell method (FCM) is an interesting alternative because it is based on the concept of the fictitious domain technique in which underlying meshes do not need to conform to the boundary of the domain. Since the considered trabecular bone tissue consists of a complex small‐scale internal morphology, generating a FE mesh is rather complicated. So, the application of the FCM can be justified by overcoming the mentioned shortcomings of FE methods for this problem. Using FCM, it is possible to simulate the mentioned trabecular cylinder from vertebral body using higher order cells of regular shapes where the geometry is taken care of through the numerical integration. The input for the present numerical tool corresponding to the complex internal morphology of the proposed tissue is given by a high‐resolution microCT scan. The outcome of the FCM will be compared to results obtained by mechanical testing of the specimen.
The temporal dynamics of perceived stress and depression in college students: An ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Feng Guo , Xu Xiaxia , Wu Jie , Lei Jiawei
Published: October 2024

Previous studies have implied that stress is a risk factor for depression, but relatively little is known about how healthy individuals' stress dynamically affects depression as a mood in daily life. Therefore, an ecological momentary assessment study was conducted among 141 college students to test the temporal dynamic effect of daily perceived stress on depression and the underlying mediating and moderating role of rumination. Perceived stress, state rumination, and depression were measured using self‐compiled questionnaire three times a day over 12 days. Trait rumination was measured with the Nolen‐Hoeksema Ruminative Response Scale. Hierarchical linear models with HLM 7.0 were adopted to examine the mediation and moderation effects. In the mediation model, the greater the daily perceived stress at time t, the higher the state rumination at time t + 1, and state rumination at t + 1 positively predicted college students' depression at t + 2. In the moderation model, trait rumination significantly facilitated perceived stress‐induced depression. These results verified that daily perceived stress could affect college students' depression directly or indirectly through the critical mediating mechanism of state rumination, and this effect would be exacerbated with a higher level of trait rumination.
High‐efficiency synthesis of the transparent cyclo‐olefin elastomers with high catalytic activity at high temperature in a gas‐liquid slug flow mini‐tubular reactor
Authors: Liu Xue , Li Hao , Jie Su‐yun , Wang Qi , Chen Zhong‐Ren , Cao Kun , Fan Zhi‐qiang
Published: October 2024

A facile approach for synthesis of the ethylene‐norbornene copolymer (ENC) elastomers via creatively utilizing ethylene “rich” and “poor” regions within slug flow was developed by the copolymerization of ethylene (E) and norbornene (NB) in toluene solution under high temperature (90–150°C) and moderate pressure with ultra‐high catalytic activity of 2.7–11.3 × 109 gpolymer molZr−1 h−1 and efficiency of 10–17.5 kgpolymer gZr−1, respectively. For the ENC elastomers with random structure, a sharply decline of tensile strength (σ from 53.5 to 6.4 MPa), Young's modulus (E from 723.6 to 7.5 MPa) and toughness (UT from 60.3 to 12.0 MJ·m−3) were observed with the decrease of glass‐transition temperatures (Tg) of the copolymers, while the elongation at break showed the opposite trend. The ENC elastomers with multiblock structure enhanced stiffness and toughness balance with tensile strength (σ) of 13.6–41.2 MPa, Young's modulus (E) of 23.5–33.7 MPa, toughness (UT) of 31.9–47.3 MJ·m−3, and tunable elongation at break (ε = 325%–515%), which may be attribute to a certain number of controlled tiny PE crystallites acting as critical physical cross‐linking points. Moreover, all of the ENC elastomers exhibited excellent transparency (≥88%). This strategy is rather fascinating because of its simple procedure, the utilization of slug flow pattern to generate the cyclo‐olefin copolymers of diverse structures and properties, usage of only one common metallocene catalyst with two cocatalysts to achieve remarkable activity and efficiency under high temperature and the production of cyclo‐olefin elastomers with excellent performances. It is envisioned that this work would provide new perspective for the employment of flow patterns to make a difference in polymer synthesis.
Mentha aquatica (Water Mint) as a Source of Active Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Ingredients: A Critical Review
Authors: Pires Patrícia C. , Motallebi Mahzad , Marques Mário Pedro , Correia Mafalda , Sharma Ankur , Damiri Fouad , Hameed Huma , Singh Sachin Kumar , Dua Kamal , Jha Niraj Kumar , Cabral Célia , Veiga Francisco , Paiva‐Santos Ana Cláudia
Published: October 2024

Mentha aquatica L., or water mint, is an important member of the Mentha genus, and has long been used in traditional medicine, mainly to treat respiratory diseases such as the common cold. Nevertheless, although over the years many studies have shown that it's potential grows beyond this use, a review that highlights M. aquatica L.'s true potential is still lacking. Thus, the main purpose of the present article is to provide a thorough and multidisciplinary critical review of M. aquatica L., including its phytochemical characterization, main bioactivities, and current marketed cosmetic products. Many compounds have been identified as part of M. aquatica L. composition, such as terpenes, phenolic acids, phenols, and terpenoids, which have been linked to a vast therapeutic potential, namely anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiobesity, and hepatoprotection bioactivities, with additional anticancer potential for several types of tumors (breast, lung, and skin), and psycho and neuroactive potential in depression, or Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Additionally, it has been proven to be suitable for cosmetic application since several cleansing, hydrating, protecting, and/or odor masking products containing it are already available, with the main functions attributed to M. aquatica including refreshing/cooling effects, calming/soothing/relaxing effects, and purifying effects, properties closely related to its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivities. Hence, M. aquatica is an extremely versatile plant, with its extracts and essential oils having great therapeutic and cosmetic potential. With many marketed cosmetic products, future studies should focus on this plant's medicinal aspects, so that 1 day it can be part of therapeutic regimens.
Adaptive fixed‐time prescribed performance regulation for switched stochastic systems subject to time‐varying state constraints and input delay
Authors: Chen Xuemiao , Li Jing , Wu Jian , Yang Chenguang
Published: October 2024

In this article, the adaptive fixed‐time prescribed performance (FTPP) regulation is investigated for a class of time‐varying state constrained switched stochastic systems with input delay. The time‐varying barrier Lyapunov function and a compensation system are presented, respectively, to deal with the design problems caused by the existence of both time‐varying state constraints and input delay. Some radial basis function neural networks are used to approximate unknown functions, and the common Lyapunov function method is displayed to handle the switched signals. Besides, by designing a fixed‐time prescribed performance function, the desired adaptive neural controller is constructed. Compared with the existing works for state constrained control problem, the FTPP regulation control scheme is first proposed for time‐varying state constrained stochastic switched systems under input delay, and the adaptive dynamic surface control scheme with the nonlinear filter is designed to solve the problem of “explosion of complexity.” Based on the stochastic stability theory, the FTPP of system output is achieved, other system state variables are restricted in the predefined regions, and all signals of this closed‐loop system remain bounded in probability. Finally, the availability of the proposed control scheme is illustrated via two simulation examples.
Bipartite containment control of multi‐agent systems under DoS attacks: an event‐triggered scheme
Authors: Liu Zihan , Zhang Hao , Wang Zhuping
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the problem of bipartite containment control for multi‐agent systems (MASs) under denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks with event‐triggered scheme. The DoS attacks can cause disruptions to communication channels, suspending or crashing services. In order to minimize the impact of the attacks on the control process, this paper introduces a bipartite containment control protocol with a resilient event‐triggered scheme, which enables the MASs not only to resist DoS attacks but also to optimize the utilization of resources and accomplish the control target. After considering the previous, the paper suggests a new observer to estimate the state of agents in order to cope with the unmeasurable state of MASs. Moreover, Zeno behavior avoidance is rendered more effective by the introduction of a positive constant in the event‐triggered function. At last, simulation data and results are given, thus verifying the feasibility of solving the bipartite containment problem under DoS attacks.
Beyond borders: Assessing global sustainability through interconnected systems
Authors: Zhang Junze , Skene Keith R. , Wang Saige , Ji Qiulei , Zheng Heran , Zhou Chaowei , Tian Kailan , Pradhan Prajal , Meadows Michael E. , Fu Bojie
Published: October 2024

The many complex interconnections among countries driven by natural and socio‐economic processes have a crucial impact on regional and global sustainability, yet a robust and systematic way to quantify this impact is lacking. Here we introduce two complementary approaches to bridge this key methodological gap. The first entails constructing a new sustainability index capable of systematically considering pertinent indicators of interdependencies and spillovers between countries. To minimize ambiguities associated with the aggregated index, the second approach establishes a spatial analysis framework, one designed to explicitly incorporate dimensions of interdependence and spillovers, along with buffer and multiplier effects, enabling us to distinguish and gage the impact of spatial interconnections on regional and global sustainability. Overall, the two approaches applied in tandem reinforce the joint principles of ‘one Earth’ and ‘leaving no one behind’, and can help to clarify countries' responsibilities in respect of global sustainable development.
Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: Dam Thi Thanh Hai , Chan Doan Phuong Anh , Phan Minh Tan , To Thi Kim Linh , Vo Thanh , Phan Thai Son , Hoang Viet , Le Thi Thanh Huong , Vu Thien Y , Vo Duc Duy , Nguyen Phu Hung , Le Tin Thanh
Published: October 2024

Nine new coumarin derivatives of 2‐(7‐hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐4‐yl)acetic acid 6a–i have been successfully synthesized through amide coupling with various substituted anilines and 2‐aminopyridines. The synthesized derivatives were screened for anticancer activity using MTT assay on MCF‐7 cell line. The results showed that compound 6b inhibited MCF‐7 cell growth in a dose‐dependent manner and reached 47% inhibition at 40 µM, being better than starting material 5 and references 3 and 5FU drug. Moreover, 6b inhibited significantly 3D tumorsphere formation. The para‐Br substitution of 6b seems to be important for activity. Docking study suggests estrogen receptor and/or 3a‐HSD type 3 protein could be the target(s) for anticancer activity of this class of compounds. Further optimization of compound 6b should lead to more potent compound.
N‐Iodosuccinimide in Oxidative Dimerization of Methyl Cinnamates
Authors: Galgano Pierantonio , Santarsiere Alessandro , Funicello Maria , Lupattelli Paolo , Ciriello Rosanna , Chiummiento Lucia
Published: October 2024

Herein the reaction of methy cinnamates with N‐Iodosuccinimide (NIS) is reported and the possible formation of dihydrobenzofuryl dimeric derivatives (DHBF), known for their biological activities, is explored. Having an oxidizing capacity, we studied the behavior of NIS with methyl ferulate and under optimized reaction conditions we obtained its DHBF dimer in 35% yield. It is worth to note that we did not obtain the DHBF in his natural form, but rather as the demethylated compound, likely due to dismutation reactions activated by the presence of water in the solvent. Methyl caffeate reacted with NIS to furnish the DHBF dimer in 15% yield, while methyl coumarate and methyl isoferulate did not give any form of DHBF dimers, showing the importance of a hydroxyl group in para position on an activated system and an electron‐rich aromatic ring. An electrochemical investigation by cyclic voltammetry was carried out on the three cinnamates and confirmed the correlation between dimerization and oxidation potential: methyl ferulate and methyl caffeate dimerize, while methyl coumarate, due to its higher oxidizing potential, does not.
High‐Valence Mn MOF Inspired by Laccase Mediators Enables Versatile Nature‐Mimicking Catalysis
Authors: Xu Lili , Nan Jianli , Han Songxue , Yu Zhixuan , Wu Shuangli , Fang Youxing , Dong Shaojun
Published: October 2024

In nature, active Mn3+ –ligand complexes produced by laccase catalyzed oxidation can act as the low‐molecular mass, diffusible redox mediators to oxidize the phenolic substrates overcoming the limitations of natural enzymes. Learning from the metal–ligand coordination of natural functional units, high‐valence Mn metal–organic framework (Mn MOF) is constructed to simulate the catalysis in natural mediator system. Benefiting from the characteristics of nanoscale size, rich metal coordination unsaturated sites, and mixed valence state dominated by Mn(III), Nano Mn(III)‐TP exhibits superior laccase‐mimicking activity, whose Vmax (maximal reaction rate) is much higher than that of natural laccase. Referring to natural systems, relevant free radical experiments prove that the material induces the production of active oxygen species with the assistance of carboxylic acid, and active oxygen species further oxidize phenolic substrates. Based on its robust performances, the primary oxidative degradation of an emerging pollutant triclosan (TCS) is creatively applied, an important antiasthmatic medicine terbutaline sulfate (TBT) detection, and the synthesis of non‐toxic and black near‐natural dyes for dyeing. By simulating the essential mediators of natural enzymatic catalysis, an Mn MOF‐based material that demonstrates multiple novel applications is successfully developed, which introduces a new reliable strategy for achieving versatile nature‐mimicking catalysis.
Achieving Ultra‐Long Cycle Life of Zn Anode Using ZnSn(OH)6 Coating Layer via Desolvation Effect and Uniform Zn2+ Flux
Authors: Meng Yanhong , Bai Xinyu , Chen Hongming , Zhang Busheng , Liu Zijin , He Xinbo , Zhou Dan
Published: October 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered as a promising energy storage system because of good safety, low cost, abundant resources, and environmental friendliness. However, the bottlenecks including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion seriously limit their practical application. Herein, a novel ZnSn(OH)6 coating layer with rich hydroxyl groups is employed to achieve highly stable Zn anode. The hydroxyl groups can feasibly interact with H2O molecules, contributing to the desolvation of hydrated Zn2+ and the inhibition of side reactions on Zn anode surface. Furthermore, according to the DFT calculation, the adsorption energy of Zn2+ among various sites on the surface of ZnSn(OH)6 coating layer is relatively large, which helps the uniform distribution of Zn2+ flux and the prevention of dendrite growth. Consequently, the ZnSn(OH)6@Zn anode delivers ultra‐long cycle life (6770 h), low polarization voltage (27 mV), and high Coulombic efficiency (99.2% over 800 cycles) at 1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2. Besides, the assembled NaV3O8·xH2O//ZnSn(OH)6@Zn full cell can operate stably for 1500 cycles at 2 A g−1 with a high specific capacity of 144.9 mAh g−1, demonstrating an excellent application potential. This simple and effective coating layer with high electrochemical performance provides an appealing strategy for the development of rechargeable AZIBs.