bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Analysis of Lifespan Experiment Reproducibility
Authors: Petrascheck Michael , Miller Dana L.
Published: February 2017

Independent reproducibility is essential to the generation of scientific knowledge. Optimizing experimental protocols to ensure reproducibility is an important aspect of scientific work. Genetic or pharmacological lifespan extensions are generally small compared to the inherent variability in mean lifespan even in isogenic populations housed under identical conditions. This variability makes reproducible detection of small but real effects experimentally challenging. In this study, we aimed to determine the reproducibility ofC. eleganslifespan measurements under ideal conditions, in the absence of methodological errors or environmental or genetic background influences. To accomplish this, we generated a parametric model ofC. eleganslifespan based on data collected from 5,026 wild-type N2 animals. We use this model to predict how different experimental practices, effect sizes, number of animals, and how different ‘shapes’ of survival curves affect the ability to reproduce real longevity effects. We find that the chances of reproducing real but small effects are exceedingly low and would require substantially more animals than are commonly used. Our results indicate that many lifespan studies are underpowered to detect reported changes and that, as a consequence, stochastic variation alone can account for many failures to reproduce longevity results. As a remedy, we provide power of detection tables that can be used as guidelines to plan experiments with statistical power to reliably detect real changes in lifespan and limit spurious false positive results. These considerations will improve best-practices in designing lifespan experiment to increase reproducibility.
Topological and Kinetic Determinants of the Modal Matrices of Dynamic Models of Metabolism
Authors: Du Bin , Zielinski Daniel C. , Palsson Bernhard O.
Published: February 2017

Linear analysis of kinetic models of metabolism can help in understanding the dynamic response of metabolic networks. Central to linear analysis of these models are two key matrices: the Jacobian matrix (J) and its modal matrix (M-1). The modal matrix contains dynamically independent motions of the kinetic model, and it is sparse in practice. Understanding the sparsity structure of the modal matrix provides insight into metabolic network dynamics. In this study, we analyze the relationship betweenJandM-1. First, we show that diagonal dominance occurs in a substantial fraction of the rows ofJ, resulting in simple modal structures withinM-1. Dominant diagonal elements inJapproximate the eigenvalues corresponding to these simple modes, in which a single metabolite is driven back to its reference state on a characteristic timescale. Second, we analyze more complicated mode structures inM-1, in which two or more variables move in a certain ratio relative to one another on defined time scales. We show that complicated modes originate from sub-matrices of topologically connected elements of similar magnitude inJ. Third, we describe the origin of these mode structure features based on the network stoichiometric matrixSand the reaction kinetic gradient matrixG.We demonstrate that the topologically-connected reaction sensitivities of similar magnitude inGplay a central role in determining the mode structure. Ratios of these reaction sensitivities represent equilibrium balances of half reactions that are defined by linearization of the bilinear mass action rate laws followed by enzymatic reactions. These half-reaction equilibrium ratios are key determinants of modal structure for both simple and complicated modes. The work presented here helps to establish a foundation for understanding the dynamics of kinetic models of metabolism, which are rooted in the network structure and the kinetic properties of reactions.
Ind_X: program for indexing single-crystal diffraction patterns
Authors: Morawiec A.
Published: February 2017

Indexing is an essential step in analysis of diffraction patterns. Diffraction of monochromatic radiation by a single crystal provides approximate positions of some nodes of the reciprocal lattice of the crystal, and the indexing problem lies in determining a lattice matching these positions.Ind_X is a program for indexing diffraction data given in the form of several approximate reciprocal lattice nodes. The applied method relies on testing potential volumes of the primitive cell of the reciprocal lattice. A subset of reciprocal lattice vectors supporting a given test volume is used to obtain tentative lattice bases. These are bases of low-index superlattices of lattices based on triplets of supporting vectors. TheInd_X solution of the indexing problem consists of a list of best bases. The method turns out to be quite robust to data inaccuracies and spurious reflections. The program is relatively versatile, easily operated and freely accessible.
Are KIBS beneficial to international business performance
Authors: Kamp Bart , Ruiz de Apodaca Iñigo
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test whether knowledge-intensive business services (KIBSs) contribute to international business activity. In line with studies from the servitization, the territorial competitiveness and the global value chain realm, it can be hypothesized that if KIBS consumption has a positive effect on business competitiveness, a correlation is discernible between “intensity of KIBS uptake” and “turnover and export performance at industrial sector level”.

Design/methodology/approach

To test this hypothesis, the authors make use of input-output tables from the Basque Country for the period 2000-2012 and regional accounts regarding turnover and export per sector and calculate how consumption of a series of KIBS correlates with turnover and export evolution for 14 industrial sectors.

Findings

The authors find a strong fit between consumption of KIBSs and international competitiveness parameters for the industrial sectors screened.

Research limitations/implications

The authors postulate that the use of KIBS is beneficial for consuming industries. Accordingly, the authors posit that having a sound KIBS basis in a territory contributes to (international) business competitiveness, and that industrial policies should foster the rapprochement of manufacturing sectors to KIBS. At the same time, the authors assume that reverse causalities may be at play (international competitiveness of manufacturing sectors boosts KIBS consumption through backward linkage effects).

Practical implications

The paper posits that having a sound KIBS basis in a territory contributes to international business competitiveness, and that industrial policies should foster a rapprochement of manufacturing sectors to KIBS. A further implication would be to look after a minimum critical mass and or to engage in KIBS capacity building in a territory. Absence of competitiveness-enhancing KIBS in a region may hamper business performance and staying power of user industries. The paper’s findings also imply that the posture of manufacturing firms towards uptake of knowledge-intensive services matters, and that fostering their proactiveness to interact with KIBS is indicated. Similarly, they form an argument in favour of considering KIBS as active subject matters for industrial policy design.

Originality/value

Amidst the several perspectives adopted upon KIBS’ role to foster business and territorial competitiveness, what is largely absent is the examination of how uptake of KIBS by respective sectors relates to the turnover or export evolutions that the sectors in question reveal. Consequently, the present paper sets out to examine this research question.
Using module-based learning methods to introduce sustainable manufacturing in engineering curriculum
Authors: Sengupta Debalina , Huang Yinlun , Davidson Cliff I. , Edgar Thomas F. , Eden Mario R. , El-Halwagi Mahmoud M.
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Sustainable manufacturing may be defined as the creation of manufactured products that use processes that are non-polluting, conserve energy and natural resources, and are economically sound and safe for employees, communities and consumers. Recently, there have been several industrial and governmental endeavors to launch sustainable manufacturing initiatives. To support such initiatives and to prepare the next generation of scientists and engineers, academic institutions have a responsibility to introduce educational programs and tools in the area of sustainable manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to report on the approach, progress and contributions of a US National Science Foundation-sponsored project titled: “The Sustainable Manufacturing Advances in Research and Technology Coordination Network (SMART CN)”.

Design/methodology/approach

The project aims to bridge the gap between the academic knowledge discovery and industrial technology innovation for sustainable manufacturing. Toward this goal, various research and educational activities have been undertaken to introduce Sustainable Manufacturing Case Studies for use by academic instructors to a diverse group of undergraduate, graduate and industry professionals.

Findings

In this paper, the need for education on sustainable manufacturing has been focused upon, followed by approaches toward addressing these needs, concluding with examples of case studies developed through the SMART-CN project framework.

Originality/value

This work provides the engineering community with structured modules for introducing the topic of sustainable manufacturing in the curriculum.
Higher education for sustainable development at EARTH University
Authors: Rodríguez-Solera Carlos Rafael , Silva-Laya Marisol
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to present the experience of a Central American university that has been successfully advancing an educational model focused on sustainability for over 25 years. Many universities in industrialized nations are assuming a more active role in promoting sustainable development, while in emerging countries, interest in this issue is recent and not well known.

Design/methodology/approach

A study was conducted on perceptions of the impact from graduates of EARTH (Escuela de Agricultura de la Región Tropical Húmeda) University in Nicaragua, Honduras and Guatemala, utilizing a mixed methodology that combined the application of a standardized questionnaire, together with focus groups of graduates, and semi-structured interviews of graduates, their employers, members of their communities, clients of the companies where they work and colleagues.

Findings

Agricultural engineers who received their education at EARTH University have had a positive social, economic and environmental impact in their communities of origin. They have taken on leadership positions and have become change agents who are aware of the social needs around them. They contribute to economic growth and job creation, and at the same time, promote sustainable management of natural resources.

Research limitations/implications

It is a case study and their findings are limited.

Practical implications

Learning about EARTH University’s experience may be useful for other higher education institutions seeking to cultivate this perspective in their degree programs, and for academics who support a fundamental reorientation in higher education aimed at confronting the challenge of promoting sustainable development.

Social implications

The results established that most of the agronomists who studied at EARTH University are having a positive economic, social and environmental influence, which appears to be closely associated with their university education. This suggests that higher education may in effect play an important role in promoting sustainability and contributing elements for advancing this perspective in higher education in Latin America.

Originality/value

This study of EARTH University’s educational model reveals that, in the case of Latin America, education for sustainability cannot be limited to providing training in natural resources management. The promotion of inclusive development supposes that students have learned how to manage productive activities that are economically and socially sustainable, and that students have received a solid education in values, aimed at fostering a commitment to build a fairer society.
Greening of a campus through waste management initiatives
Authors: Tangwanichagapong Siwaporn , Nitivattananon Vilas , Mohanty Brahmanand , Visvanathan Chettiyappan
Published: February 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to describe the effects of 3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) waste management initiatives on a campus community. It ascertains the environmental attitudes and opinions of the residents and investigates their behavioral responses to waste management initiatives. Practical implications for enhancing sustainable waste management are discussed in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

Demonstration projects on waste segregation and recycling, as well as waste a reduction campaign, were set up on the campus to ascertain people’s attitudes and investigate their behavioral responses toward 3R practices. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey, observations, interviews and the project’s document review. A waste audit and waste composition analysis was carried out to assess waste flows and actual waste management behaviors and measure the change in the recycling rate.

Findings

3R waste management initiatives had positive effects on people’s attitudes about resources, waste management and consciousness of the need to avoid waste, but these initiatives did not affect recycling and waste management behavior. A voluntary approach-only cannot bring about behavioral change. Incentive measures showed a greater positive effect on waste reduction to landfills. Nevertheless, the demonstration projects helped to increase the overall campus recycling from 10 to 12 per cent.

Originality/value

This paper addresses a literature gap about the 3R attitudes and resulting behavior as part of campus sustainability of higher education institutions in a developing country. The authors’ results revealed hurdles to be overcome and presents results that can be compared to behavioral responses of people from other developed countries. These findings can be used as a guide for higher education institution’s policy-makers, as they indicate that voluntary instruments alone will not yield effective results, and other mechanisms that have an impact on people's behavior are required.
Accounting for sustainability: an active learning assignment
Authors: Gusc Joanna , van Veen-Dirks Paula
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Sustainability is one of the newer topics in the accounting courses taught in university teaching programs. The active learning assignment as described in this paper was developed for use in an accounting course in an undergraduate program. The aim was to enhance teaching about sustainability within such a course. The purpose of this paper is to offer experience-based guidance to faculty members around the world who would like to include sustainability in their courses.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper describes the introduction of sustainability in an accounting course via an active learning approach. The assignment that was developed formed part of a management accounting course for 450 business students. In the assignment, the students were asked to propose a sustainable solution for the university organization. Several tools were provided to the students to support them in obtaining an insight into the financial and societal consequences of the proposed solution.

Findings

The encouraging experiences with the assignment at the university where it was designed show that it effectively improved students’ understanding of sustainability issues. Furthermore, the assignment provided insight into how management accounting can play a role in enhancing sustainability in an organization. Additionally, the experiences with the assignment show that it can be used to make courses more lively and attractive to students.

Originality/value

As yet, textbooks have not offered much support in how to incorporate sustainability into the field of accounting. The assignment represents a novel use of management accounting concepts in the study of sustainability and is relevant to educators as an example of an active learning approach on the topic of sustainability.
Empowerment for sustainability in higher education through the EYE learning tool
Authors: Tassone Valentina C. , Dik Giel , van Lingen Thekla Anna
Published: February 2017

Purpose

While empowerment for sustainability is considered a major objective within sustainability-oriented educational programs and policies, little is known about the actual process of empowering students for sustainability through higher education. This study aims to explore this field, by introducing the EYE (Educating Yourself in Empowerment) for Sustainability learning tool and by analyzing the effects of its application within a higher education context, including a reflection about key aspects contributing to students’ empowerment for sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

The effects of the EYE tool are analyzed by means of questionnaires. Through a qualitative codification process and quantitative analysis, the authors have reflected on the effects of the EYE tool and on the empowerment process as perceived by the students exposed to the EYE at Wageningen University.

Findings

Results suggest that the EYE is a comprehensive and adaptive tool, conducive to empowerment for sustainability. Adopting, only partly, an instrumental approach to education and, largely, an emancipatory one appears to be a possible and successful combination. A key aspect contributing to students’ empowerment for sustainability is the development and execution of a real-life project of own choice. Learning about the diverse worldviews underlying the search for sustainability appears to be an eye opener for the students. Empowerment does not seem to require long-term training. Rather, it emerges and is experienced by university students within a few weeks.

Originality/value

This paper introduces a novel tool and discusses insights deriving from the application of this tool. The value of the paper lies in its potential to support educators in reflecting upon and designing their educational strategy for empowering students for sustainability.
Comparing the competition of Malaysia Islamic and conventional banks
Authors: Wahid Muhamad Azhari
Published: February 2017

Purpose

This study aims to analyse three main questions within the Malaysian banking system: Are Islamic banks more competitive than conventional banks? What are the levels of competition for Islamic and conventional banking sectors pre, during and post the 2007-2009 global financial crisis? Does penetration of Islamic banks affect the competitive structure of conventional banks?

Design/methodology/approach

In measuring a bank competition, the author estimates the Panzar–Rosse H-statistic (PRH) method on 17 Islamic and 21 conventional banks in Malaysia over the period of 2004-2013. This is then followed by ordinary least squares (OLS) robust regression analysis to control Islamic banks’ penetration, bank-specific and macroeconomic factors.

Findings

Results from the PRH method (total revenue) suggest that Malaysian Islamic banks are relatively more competitive than their conventional counterparts. Furthermore, the author observes that the level of competition for both Malaysian Islamic and conventional banks increased tremendously during the 2007-2009 global financial crisis. This suggests the impact of the crisis on the level of competition for both banking systems. Finally, the OLS robust regression suggests that Islamic banks’ penetration has a significantly positive impact on the level of competition for conventional banks. The PRH estimation using total interest income indicates similar results, suggesting the robustness of these results.

Practical implications

This study reveals whether Islamic banks’ penetration is able to increase the level of competition within the conventional banking sector. Knowledge on this is important to the policymaker.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study using the PRH method in comparing the level of competition for Malaysian Islamic and conventional banks. Furthermore, this is the first study analysing the impact of Malaysian Islamic banks’ penetration on the level of competition for conventional banks.
An accounting perspective on the use of combined contracts and donations in Islamic financial transactions
Authors: Atmeh Muhannad Ahmed , Maali Bassam
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the techniques used by Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) to shift conventional instruments to Shariah-compliant instruments. The paper additionally aims to explore the effect of these techniques on financial reporting.

Design/methodology/approach

The study recognized two techniques used by the IFI: the combination of contracts which compartmentalizes the economic transaction into a series of linked sub-transactions, and the inclusion of donation (Tabarru) in commercial contracts. The paper also reviews the accounting treatment according to the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), and compares it to the concepts adopted by the traditional financial reporting framework concepts (especially substance over form concept).

Findings

With regard to the combination of contracts technique, the major accounting challenge is whether the substance over form concept is considered. Mixed results are found: in some products, the economic substance is presented in the financial reports, while in other cases, the legal form of the contract is reported. This ambiguity may hinder the faithful representation of financial statements. The Tabarru contract is used to justify the risk-shifting practices by Islamic banks. The accounting effects of such contracts may result in failure to recognize assets or liabilities in the financial reports, earnings management and incomplete financial information for the users of the financial reports.

Originality/value

This study is a response to the call raised by the consultative group established by the International Accounting Standards Board. It provides an additional insight into the accounting treatments for a combination of contracts and Tabarru contracts. It also contrasts the accounting treatments, as stipulated by the AAOIFI, with the conventional accounting frameworks.
Evaluation of a management development programme: a critical discourse analysis
Authors: Oppong Nana Yaw
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the management development (MD) programme in the Ghanaian mining industry. A legal requirement aimed at equipping national managers for eventual takeover of the management of industry from expatriates, the programme is analysed to ascertain the willingness to implement and the state of implementation by multinational companies operation in the industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs critical discourse analysis (CDA), a problem-identification and problem-solving analytical tool to identify any obstacles suppressing the implementation and possible ways past the obstacles. Data for analysis were collected from 26 national managers from industry who were interviewed to gather views and expectations on their development.

Findings

Key findings include domination and hegemonic dynamics of expatriates through sustained power over the control of the MD process, CDA’s emancipatory power succeeds in identifying unrealised possibilities for tackling the MD problem for a social change (development of national managers) in industry, and non-implementation of the MD programme contributed by expatriates, the government of Ghana, and senior national managers.

Social implications

The programme has the potential of developing national managers for eventual takeover from expatriates, but requires implementing the law to the latter, including denying foreign subsidiaries mining lease if they fail to provide the adhere to localisation plans.

Originality/value

The paper extends literature on management of Western multinational subsidiaries in developing countries, revealing power and control over human resource practices, and MD in their foreign subsidiaries. It also contributes to literature on suppression of indigenous employees by other indigenous employees (the “colonised elites”), contrary to what is expected from indigenous people towards the development of their colleagues.
Shadow organizing: a metaphor to explore organizing as intra-relating
Authors: Gherardi Silvia , Jensen Karen , Nerland Monika
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to conceive “organizing” as an indeterminate process taking place in the interstices of intra-acting elements, beyond visible/rational/intentional organizing. The term intra-activity refers to relationships between multiple elements (human and more-than-human) that are understood not to have clear or distinct boundaries. The paper aims at reframing organizing, as the effect of multiple intra-acting elements, by introducing the metaphor of shadow organizing. It offers examples as diverse as knowledge spillover, evidence-based medicine and improvisation, and the mafia’s organizational rules.

Design/methodology/approach

The frame of reference is metaphorical theorization, based on the metaphor of shadow organizing, and is explored through three metonymies: the forest and its sheltered spaces in penumbra; the shadow as a grey zone between canonical and non-canonical practices; and secret societies, hidden in the shadow. The shadow is the symbol of what is “betwixt and between.”

Findings

Shadow organizing focuses on the way that situated elements (people, technologies, knowledge, infrastructures, society) intra-relate and acquire agency. Whilst organizing as the effect of intentional coordination, planning, and strategizing represents a well-established theorization, shadow organizing sheds light on what happen in the interstices of intentional and structured processes. The paper identifies the dimensions of shadow organizing as performativity, liminality, and secrecy.

Originality/value

The passage from elements in interaction to intra-acting relations that form elements is a challenge both for theory and methodology. To face this challenge, metaphorical thinking proves useful since it enhances scholars’ imaginations and emotional participation.
Analysis of clinical symptoms and ABCC6 mutations in 76 Japanese patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Authors: Iwanaga Akira , Okubo Yumi , Yozaki Mariko , Koike Yuta , Kuwatsuka Yutaka , Tomimura Saori , Yamamoto Yosuke , Tamura Hiroshi , Ikeda Satoshi , Maemura Koji , Tsuiki Eiko , Kitaoka Takashi , Endo Yuichiro , Mishima Hiroyuki , Yoshiura Koh‐Ichiro , Ogi Tomoo , Tanizaki Hideaki , Wataya‐Kaneda Mari , Hattori Tomoyasu , Utani Atsushi
Published: February 2017

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a hereditary disease, causing calcification and degeneration of elastic fibers, which affects the skin, eye, cardiovascular systems and gastrointestinal tract. PXE is caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene. Neither detailed nor large‐scale analyses have been accomplished in Japanese patients with PXE. We, therefore, investigated clinical symptoms and ABCC6 gene mutations in 76 Japanese patients. Japanese PXE patients (n = 76) had a significantly lower incidence of vascular lesions than 505 PXE patients in the Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD) (38.7% vs 65.1%, respectively; P = 1.34E‐06); however, the incidences of the skin, eye, cardiac and gastrointestinal lesion symptoms were not significantly different. Symptom severity scores for skin, eye and vascular lesions, calculated using the Phenodex™ system, were significantly lower in Japanese PXE patients than in LOVD PXE patients. Genetic analysis revealed three nonsense, four frame‐shift, one exon deletion and 13 missense mutations in ABCC6 in 73 patients; however, we were unable to detect pathogenic mutations in three patients. Frequent mutations differed between Japanese and LOVD PXE patients. In Japanese PXE patients, the top five mutations accounted for more than 60% of all pathogenic changes, suggesting the presence of founder effects. Consistent with previous reports, no obvious correlations between genotypes and phenotypes were identified in this study. In conclusion, we consider that the milder clinical phenotypes, observed even in older Japanese PXE patients, could be attributed to environmental factors such as dietary habits and lifestyle, as well as genetic background.
Embracing uncertainty in applied ecology
Authors: Milner‐Gulland E. J. , Shea Katriona
Published: February 2017

Applied ecologists often face uncertainty that hinders effective decision‐making.

Common traps that may catch the unwary are: ignoring uncertainty, acknowledging uncertainty but ploughing on, focussing on trivial uncertainties, believing your models, and unclear objectives.

We integrate research insights and examples from a wide range of applied ecological fields to illustrate advances that are generally underused, but could facilitate ecologists’ ability to plan and execute research to support management.

Recommended approaches to avoid uncertainty traps are: embracing models, using decision theory, using models more effectively, thinking experimentally, and being realistic about uncertainty.

Synthesis and applications. Applied ecologists can become more effective at informing management by using approaches that explicitly take account of uncertainty.
Differentiation of self as a predictor of Asian‐American immigrants’ perceptions of cultural harmony
Authors: Lee Hsin‐Hua , Johnson Rachel W.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of the study was to examine whether Bowen's () construct, differentiation of self, would predict cultural harmony (Benet‐Martínez and Haritatos, ) among Asian‐American immigrants. The study was a correlational design, with a sample of 154 adults who identified as first‐generation Asian Americans and had lived in the US for at least five years. Results of regression analyses showed that greater overall differentiation of self, measured by the Differentiation of Self Inventory‐Revised (DSI‐R; Skowron and Schmitt, ), had a positive significant association with participants’ perceptions of cultural harmony. That is, highly differentiated individuals perceived their host and ethnic cultural orientations as compatible rather than in constant conflict. Furthermore, analyses of the subscales of the DSI‐R showed there were differences across the four underlying dimensions of differentiation of self in terms of associations with cultural harmony. Implications for theory, clinical practice, and future research are included.

Practitioner points

A lack of self‐differentiation may be indicative of struggles to achieve identity integration among first‐generation Asian Americans

Exploring the pattern of emotional cutoff, fusion with others, emotional reactivity and ability to take an I‐position potentially decreases conflict between cultural orientations

The use of family diagram may help increase one's ability to balance two cultural orientations
Cranberry capsules to prevent nosocomial urinary tract bacteriuria after pelvic surgery: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Letouzey V , Ulrich D , Demattei C , Alonso S , Huberlant S , Lavigne J‐P , de Tayrac R
Published: February 2017

Objective

To evaluate whether cranberries are able to prevent postoperative urinary bacteriuria in patients undergoing pelvic surgery and receiving transurethral catheterisation.

Design

Randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.

Settings

French tertiary Care centre, University Hospital.

Population

A total of 272 women undergoing pelvic surgery aged 18 or older.

Methods

Participants undergoing pelvic surgery were randomised to 36 mg cranberry (proanthocyanidins, PAC) or placebo once daily for 10 days. Statistical analysis was performed by a chi‐square test.

Main outcome measures

The primary and secondary outcomes were postoperative bacteriuria, defined by a positive urine culture, within the first 15 and 40 days, respectively.

Results

Two hundred and fifty‐five participants received the intended treatment: 132 (51.8%) received PAC and 123 (48.2%) received placebo. There were no significant differences in baseline demographics, intra‐operative characteristics or duration and type of catheterisation between the two groups. PAC prophylaxis did not reduce the risk of bacteriuria treatment within 15 days of surgery [27% bacteriuria with PAC compared with 25% bacteriuria with placebo: relative risk 1.05, 95% CI 0.78–1.4, P = 0.763). The same result was observed on day 40. Bacteriuria occurred more often in older women with increased length of catheterisation.

Conclusion

Immediate postoperative prophylaxis with PAC does not reduce the risk of postoperative bacteriuria in patients receiving short‐term transurethral catheterisation after pelvic surgery.

Tweetable abstract

PAC prophylaxis does not reduce the risk of postoperative bacteriuria in patients undergoing pelvic surgery.
Effects of Sodium Concentration and Dialysate Temperature Changes on Blood Pressure in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized, Triple‐Blind Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Safavi Mahboobeh , Saeidi Marzieh Hossein , Emamian Mohammad Hassan
Published: February 2017

The present study investigated the effects of different temperatures and sodium dialysate concentration on blood pressure in hemodialysis patients. Following Williams’ design, hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned into four dialysis modes. Dialysate temperature was set at 37°C for modes A and C and, 35°C for modes B and D. Sodium concentration was set at 138 mmol/L in modes A and B, while it changed from 150 mmol/L to 138 mmol/L in modes C and D. Using analysis of variance for repeated measures, the mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were investigated. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in modes C and D had a significant difference with the values in mode A. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients dialyzed with mode B had a significant difference with the values in those dialyzed with mode D. Moreover, there were significant differences in the incidence of hypotension between A and other modes and between B and modes C and D, but this difference was not significant between modes C and D. In order to reduce intradialytic blood pressure fluctuations and hypotension, the nursing staff are recommended to gradually reduce dialysate sodium concentration.
Evaluation of Long‐Term Combination Therapy With Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis
Authors: Kanda Reo , Io Hiroaki , Nakata Junichiro , Makita Yuko , Sasaki Yu , Matsumoto Mayumi , Wakabayashi Keiichi , Tomino Yasuhiko , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: February 2017

It is well known that a combination therapy with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) is feasible and may improve clinical status in patients for whom adequate solute and fluid removal is difficult to achieve with PD alone. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether the therapy is useful in the likelihood of long‐term peritoneal membrane and cardiac function. The therapy was 6 days of PD and one session of HD per week. Physical, biochemical, dialysate‐to‐plasma ratio of creatinine (D/P Cr), arteriovenous fistula (AVF) blood flow, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) data were prospectively analyzed in 30 patients with measurements performed at 0 and 6 months, and for 21 patients, 12 or 18 months after initiation of the therapy. The levels of hemoglobin (Hb) after therapy were significantly higher than those at the initiation of therapy. The levels of LVMI and human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) after therapy were significantly lower than those at the initiation of therapy, whereas AVF blood flow did not change significantly. D/P Cr levels at 6 months after the therapy were significantly lower than those at the initiation of therapy. D/P Cr levels at 12 or 18 months after the therapy were not aggravated. It appears that the therapy improves Hb levels and cardiac function because of adjusting body fluid status. It was indicated that peritoneal function after therapy may be improved. Therefore, combination therapy is useful from the lifestyle viewpoint of patients in the transition period of PD to HD with end‐stage kidney disease.
Early treatment with isoflurane attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and improves survival in experimental Takotsubo
Authors: Oras J. , Redfors B. , Ali A. , Alkhoury J. , Seeman‐Lodding H. , Omerovic E. , Ricksten S.‐E.
Published: February 2017

Background

Takotsubo syndrome (TS) is an acute cardiac condition, often triggered by critical illness, for which no specific treatment exists. Previously, we showed that isoflurane can prevent experimental TS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential treatment effects of isoflurane. Our primary hypothesis was that early treatment with isoflurane attenuates left ventricular akinesia in experimental TS.

Method

In propofol‐sedated animals, TS was induced by an intraperitoneal bolus of isoprenaline (50 mg/kg). Animals were randomized to one of six groups (n = 15 in each group), and 1% isoflurane was administered for 90 min in all groups. Isoflurane treatment was started at 0, 10, 30 (early treatment) or 120 (late treatment) minutes after isoprenaline injection. One additional late treatment group received isoflurane 0.5% for 180 min. A control group did not receive isoflurane. Left ventricular (LV) echocardiographic examination was performed at 90 min and 48 h after isoprenaline. Mortality was assessed at 48 h.

Results

Median degree of LV akinesia at 90 min was 24% in the control group and 0% in the early treatment groups (P < 0.001). Stroke volume, cardiac output and LV ejection fraction were higher in the early treatment groups vs. controls (P < 0.01). Mortality was lower in the early treatment groups (24%) vs. controls (86%) (P < 0.001). Mortality did not differ between the late treatment groups and controls.

Conclusion

Early treatment with isoflurane attenuates the LV akinesia and improves survival in experimental TS. Isoflurane sedation in patients at risk of developing Takotsubo syndrome could be a subject for future studies.
Psychotic experiences and suicide attempt risk in common mental disorders and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Kelleher I. , Ramsay H. , DeVylder J.
Published: February 2017

Objective

Recent research has demonstrated a strong relationship between psychotic experiences and suicidal behaviour. No research to date, however, has investigated the role of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in this relationship, despite the fact that BPD is highly comorbid with common mental disorders and is associated with both recurrent suicidal behaviour and psychotic experiences. This paper examined the relationship between psychotic experiences and suicide attempts, including interrelationships with BPD and common mental disorders.

Method

We used the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Study, a stratified, multistage probability sample of households in England, which recruited a nationally representative sample aged 16 years and older. Participants were assessed for common mental disorders, BPD (clinical and subclinical), suicidal behaviour, and psychotic experiences.

Results

Approximately 4% of the total sample (n = 323) reported psychotic experiences. Psychotic experiences were associated with increased odds of suicide attempts in individuals with BPD (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.03–4.85), individuals with a common mental disorder (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.37–4.43), individuals without a common mental disorder (OR = 3.99, 95% CI = 2.47–6.43), and individuals with neither a common mental disorder nor BPD (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.71–5.98).

Conclusion

Psychotic experiences are associated with high odds of suicidal behaviour in individuals with and without psychopathology. This relationship is not explained by clinical or subclinical BPD.
Responses of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to new attractants in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Royer Jane E , Agovaua Sharon , Bokosou John , Kurika Kiteni , Mararuai Amanda , Mayer David G , Niangu Benjamin
Published: February 2017

Male fruit fly attractants – cue‐lure and methyl eugenol (ME) – have been used successfully for decades in the monitoring and control of species of Dacini (Dacinae) fruit flies (Bactrocera, Zeugodacus and Dacus). However, many species, including several pests, are non‐responsive to these lures. Field tests of new compounds are therefore worthwhile, particularly in areas of high species diversity where multiple species attractions can provide additional information on lure function. Recent field tests of new male attractants (isoeugenol, dihydroeugenol, methyl‐isoeugenol and zingerone) and food‐ and host‐based lures (cucumber volatile blend and Cera Trap®) in Australia resulted in discoveries of lure responses for ‘non‐responsive’ species. In this study, these new lures were field tested for the first time in Papua New Guinea (PNG) for attractiveness to ‘non‐responsive’ species, including the guava pest Bactrocera obliqua and cucurbit pests Zeugodacus atrisetosus and Z. decipiens. Testing was conducted in the National Capital District (NCD) and Kerevat on the island province of East New Britain. Of the ‘non‐responsive’ pest species, B. obliqua was trapped three times at isoeugenol and once at methyl‐isoeugenol. This is the first record of B. obliqua responding to male lures. Zeugodacus decipiens was significantly attracted to Cera Trap. Five undescribed species responded to zingerone and one to the eugenol analogues. The ME‐responsive B. musae and B. umbrosa responded differently to the three eugenol analogues in Kerevat and NCD, with both species responding more strongly to methyl‐isoeugenol in NCD, although their response to ME was similar in both locations. Intraspecific differences in lure response were also noted between this study and that recorded previously in other countries. The cue‐responsive B. frauenfeldi, B. neohumeralis and Dacus axanus were previously trapped at zingerone in Australia, and the ME‐responsive B. dorsalis was trapped at zingerone in Malaysia, but these species, while caught at their respective lures, were not recorded at zingerone in this study. The findings from this study have implications for quarantine monitoring for the ‘non‐responsive’ B. obliqua and Z. decipiens in Australia, highlight that there may be intraspecific variation in male lure response and provide further information on these novel male lures' activity.
Male caffeine and alcohol intake in relation to semen parameters and in vitro fertilization outcomes among fertility patients
Authors: Karmon A. E. , Toth T. L. , Chiu Y.‐H. , Gaskins A. J. , Tanrikut C. , Wright D. L. , Hauser R. , Chavarro J. E. ,   the Earth Study Team
Published: February 2017

Much of the literature on the impact of male caffeine and alcohol intake on reproductive outcomes has utilized semen quality as a proxy for male fertility, although semen parameters have a limited predictive value for spontaneous pregnancy. The objective of this study was to investigate whether male caffeine and alcohol intakes are associated with semen parameters and assisted reproductive technology outcome. The Environment and Reproductive Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study, enrolls subfertile couples presenting for treatment at an academic fertility center (2007–2012). A total of 171 men with 338 semen analyses and 205 assisted reproductive technology cycles were included in this analysis. Diet was assessed using a 131‐item food frequency questionnaire. Mixed models adjusting for potential confounders were used to evaluate the relationships of male caffeine and alcohol intakes with semen parameters and assisted reproductive technology outcomes. There was no association between male caffeine and alcohol intake and semen quality. Male caffeine intake was negatively related to live birth after assisted reproductive technologies (p‐trend < 0.01), and male alcohol intake was positively related to live birth after assisted reproductive technologies (p‐trend = 0.04). Adjusted live birth rate among couples with a male partner in the highest quartile of caffeine intake (≥272 mg/day) compared to couples with a male partner in the lowest quartile of intake (<99 mg/day) was 19% vs. 55%, respectively, p < 0.01. In terms of alcohol intake, adjusted live birth rate among couples with a male partner in the highest quartile of alcohol intake (≥22 g/day) compared to couples with a male partner in the lowest quartile of intake (<3 g/day) was 61% vs. 28%, respectively, p = 0.05. In conclusion, male pre‐treatment caffeine and alcohol intakes were associated with live birth after assisted reproductive technologies, but not with semen parameters, among fertility patients.
Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) for infertile couples with severe or complete asthenozoospermia
Authors: Al‐Malki A. H. , Alrabeeah K. , Mondou E. , Brochu‐Lafontaine V. , Phillips S. , Zini A.
Published: February 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate reproductive outcomes in a cohort of infertile couples with severe and complete asthenozoospermia undergoing TESA (testicular sperm aspiration) with ICSI. We conducted a retrospective study of 28 couples with complete or severe asthenozoospermia who underwent TESA between January 2010 and December 2015. We compared TESA‐ICSI outcomes of these couples to ejaculate ICSI outcomes of 40 couples with severe asthenozoospermia treated during the same time period at our institution. Couples with female factor infertility and/or female aged ≥39 were excluded. Sperm retrieval rates and ICSI outcomes [(MII oocytes, fertilization rate, good embryo rate (transferred and frozen), couples with embryo transfer (per cycle started), clinical pregnancy (per embryo transfer)] were recorded. Patients were grouped based on whether they had ejaculated (Ej‐group) or testicular (TESA‐group) spermatozoa used. Testicular sperm patients were further classified based on whether they had complete asthenozoospermia (0% total motility) (Tc‐group) or severe asthenozoospermia (≤1% progressive motility) (Ts‐group). Mean (±SD) male and female ages were 36 ± 6 and 32 ± 4, respectively. Sperm recovery by testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) was successful in 100% (28/28) of the men. The overall clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per cycle started was 34% (23/68) with a mean of 1.1 ± 0.4 embryos transferred per transfer. Fertilization rates were significantly lower in TESA‐group compared to Ej‐group (52% vs. 67%, respectively; p = 0.001), while male age was significantly higher in TESA‐group compared to Ej‐group (34 ± 6 vs. 37 ± 6, respectively; p = 0.03). Moreover, female age was significantly higher in Tc‐group compared to Ts‐group (30 ± 4 vs. 33 ± 3, respectively; p = 0.0285). However, there were no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer in the Tc‐group, Ts‐group, and Ej‐group (50% vs. 45% vs. 57%, respectively; p = 0.8219). The data suggest that testicular sperm‐ICSI is no better than ejaculated sperm‐ICSI in couples with severe or complete asthenozoospermia. Randomized, controlled trials comparing ejaculated vs. testicular spermatozoa are needed to assess the true benefit of TESA‐ICSI in these couples.