bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raising Awareness on the Turkish Learners of English about the Arbitrary Nature of Figurative Expressions
Authors: Çakir Abdulkadir
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we have tried to remark the significance of the arbitrary nature of figurative expressions for the Turkish learners of English comparing English metaphors, similes, idioms, proverbs, sayings and collocations with their closest Turkish equivalents. If figurative expressions are interpreted literally or translated word for word, they sound nonsense. From the view point affective communication, inaccuracy or inappropriateness of the informative connotations of our words are irrelevant. Therefore, we may refer to the moon as “a beautiful lady”, “a grandfather”, “a tray”, or “silver ship” or anything as long as the words arise the desired feeling. For that reason, literary works are difficult to translate from one language to another because regarding only the informative connotations will often falsify the affective connotations. Figurative expressions are based on some supplementary complements in the primary meaning and often they are arbitrary and conventional. Therefore, they are usually specific to a particular culture and language. For example, “an owl” is considered to be exceptionally clever in the Western culture but its most important connotation in the Turkish culture is its bringing bad luck. The traits assigned to animals and entities differ from culture to culture. Thus, to comprehend such figurative expressions and translate them properly is impossible without knowing their closest equivalents in the relevant languages. We can see the arbitrary nature of figurative expressions clearly examining some metaphors, similes, idioms, proverbs, sayings and collocations and their equivalents in the target language. We are of the opinion that this activity will enable us to raise awareness on the Turkish learners of English particularly on the prospective teachers of English and so that they will have the chance of becoming component speakers and writers.
The Influence of Blended Learning on EFL Students' Writing Apprehension and Writing Performance: A Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Ismael Challob Ala’a , Abu Bakar Nadzrah , Latif Hafizah
Published: July 2017

This case study attempts to investigate the usefulness of using the blended learning approach on EFL students' writing apprehension and their improvement in writing performance. Twelve male secondary school students enrolled in Class Ten in one of the International Schools in Malaysia participated in the 13-week study. Data collection instruments were pre and post-study semi-structured interview and pre and post-study descriptive writing tasks. The data gained from these instruments were analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis of students' responses to the interview questions and content analysis for their pre and post writing tasks. Students were encouraged to do the different writing stages in three collaborative groups in face-to-face class setting and online writing learning activities via the class blog and online discussion via Viber groups. Analysis of the qualitative results indicated that there is a remarkable improvement in students' writing apprehension. Results also showed that students experienced improvement in their writing ability and performance as a whole and in the various macro and micro aspects of EFL writing. The study concluded that integrating online discussion and learning activities with in-class learning activities in an EFL writing context enhances students' positive feelings towards writing, decreases their writing apprehension and improves their writing performance.
Implementation of Monitoring, Evaluation and Supervision for More Quality Social Service in the System of Social Protection of the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Nackovska – Veljkovikj Biljana
Published: July 2017

The need for implementation of monitoring, evaluation and supervision in the system of social protection, in fact, stems from the need to modernise the organisation and work methodology of the providers. Service providers are often required or given support in developing ways to monitor the services provided (monitoring) and in the assessment and evaluation of the results of those services (evaluation). Supervision focuses on the fact how the work is done to quantitatively and qualitatively acceptable level. The following have been defined as research priorities in this area: the impact of monitoring, evaluation and supervision for better social service and determining the status for their application in institutions of social protection in the Republic of Macedonia. This paper explains its three components (areas): monitoring, evaluation and supervision in the social work. The objectives of their implementation are the welfare of the beneficiary, improving the quality of work and professional development of professional workers through the preservation and development of professional standards and the standards of a given service.
The Role of Measurement in the Public Polls (Albanian Case)
Authors: Doçi Fatbardha
Published: July 2017

In Albania reality are made a lot of surveys to predict the result of elections. It is so important to have the exactly result of the election of another items to predict. A prestigious company has done the survey in Albania reality, but they have “Forgotten“ that the Albania reality is different from the reality, because they have used the same questionnaires in Albania reality.It is so important to have the right measurement and to have the reliability and the validity of the survey. So we have types of measurement and in my research I have used one of them. If we used the right measurement, we can have a small margin of error and the result of the surveys should be the reliability than the other cases. I have decided to make the survey in Albanian reality lot of survey in two different realities. One of them I have used two kinds of sample, when one of them is systematic sample and another is quota sample. A comparison between two surveys is made providing the same questionnaire (with delicate questions) in the same place and time. The only difference was in the last step of the sample: one of the surveys has made the interviews based on the quota (gender, group age), whereas the other has used the systematic schema (with step – door by door). The margin decided by this way included also the one produced by the used of the quota. The expectation was a determination of differences between answers by this distinction.
Relations Between the Athletic Department and Sports Clubs in Albania. the Research in the Department of Athletics
Authors: Isufi Madrit
Published: July 2017

“Athletics teaches lessons valuable to the individual by stretching the human spirit in ways that nothing else can” (Bowen - Levin, 2003, p. 243).
In Albania there is a great andikap in the field of athletics. University knowledge related to this field remains at the level of undergraduate banks materialize in practice. Athletic Department is not an agreement with the clubs that train athletes or sports clubs for football are that the atletikor preparers often include as an assistant coach. Finally there is an initiative of the Ministry of Education and Sports to establish such cooperation and relations to make this part of plans and curricula, but it still has not been realized in practice, because Albania has an acute shortage of infrastructure.
International Athletics Federation signed a memorandum of understanding with the Albanian Federation of Athletics. The aim was to help with programs for children, education of coaches and support initiatives for athletics at competitive levels. Also to support initiatives to better structure sportive. But that relations remained on paper, today manufactures athletic department student and prepare new trainers but without a vision for the space you created them employment, there is a vision for it, no one strategy and what is the most important projects there is cooperation with other countries to support athletic clubs and strengthen the work of professors athletic field with trainers.
This study is important in helping gain an understanding of the relationship between coaches’ trust and how he or she perceives the athletic-director’s mindfulness within the athletic department. Lumpkin and Favor (2012) stated that “proponents of high school sport programs believe athletics contribute to the overall education of students” (p. 41). Sports play an important role in the Albanian society. Although high school sports are popular, more importantly many believe they are avenues for providing opportunities for justice, fair play, and teamwork.
Sports and athletics express many of the cultural beliefs held by society, including the Protestant work ethic, capitalism, the bureaucratic mentality, and the ideals of fairness, teamwork, and sportsmanship, all of which are associated with collectivism (Beyer - Hannah, 2000).
Albanian Diaspora in Greece in the years 1990-2000
Authors: Kadzadej Mustafa , Hoxha Kleviona
Published: July 2017

The reasons that prompted the Albanian exodus were numerous and varied. While if we take a look on its consequences will see that they have a dual nature. Among the positive aspects of exodus we can mention the fact that it helped Albania economically meeting the needs of a considerable part of the population in the moment of political and social crisis transition enabling the survival of many families. On the other hand it had a negative impact not only becouse of spending vital energies of the nation abroad, but also because it led to the formation of a bad opinion about Albanians, opinion spread almost all over Europe, especially where their presence was bigger. For this reason we got to study precisely the image of immigrant in two countries ( Italy and Greece ), where they have the largest flow of migration in 1990-2000. We should note that in recent years in both countryes in Italy and in Greece prevails the same closed mentality against foreigners. Also it is accompanied ( especially in Italy with the malfunctioning of the structure that handles issues of migratory movements, not like in the other states like Germany, England or France where, besides the small number of immigrants, there were laws and better functioning of the state that associated with emigration’s problems. On the other hand we can say that in this period, whether in Greece the fortunes of the Albanian immigrants depended from the relations of the Greek-Albanian state, in Italy they depend mainly on the behavior of immigrants.
Albanian Federation as a Peace Factor in the Region
Authors: Ramabaj Sadri
Published: July 2017

The process of creating the Albanian Federation, respectively the acceleration level, is combined with the EU integration process, respectively disintegration process. Certainly, the process of creating the Albanian Federation, as a political project does not face with the challenges the European Political Union project is facing, but the approach to the EU challenges will make us more clear the process from where could be outlined the creation of Albanian Federation. Divergences between the new and older EU members, but also between the EU member states that have national heterogeneity and as consequence were not allowed to pass the Rubicon of internal self-determination, different ethnicities within national borders ( Spain, Romania, Cyprus, Slovakia and Greece ) with those who present the type of homogeneous state ( Germany, Italy, Sweden, Slovenia, etc.. ), are reflected in the attitude towards Kosovo and, generally, the right to self-determination. Comparative overview of theses of Applied Policy Research Center ( CAP, Muenchen ) on possible trends in the development of European integration processes, in relation to the process of creating Albanian Federation to the first and fifth scenario results to be small, while to the fourth scenario this possibility seems to be big. The fourth scenario, combined with elements of the second scenario, it seems to be exactly that, in current circumstances is considered the most probable to be realized, but that goes in favour of the creation process of the Albanian Federation. Creation of the Albanian Federation should be regarded as a contribution to sustainable peace in the region. Albanian Federation could play a positive role in deepening the transatlantic relationship
The Process of Learning English Speaking Skills
Authors: Qamili Shpresë
Published: July 2017

Language gives people the opportunity to express their feelings, desires, thoughts and ideas. Language is a tool, whereby is discovered, acquired, transmitted, stored and inherited knowledge about the world and universe. Language is one of the most significant indicator of linguistics and cultural identity of the language community and individual personality. Language is the carrier of a culture, social behaviour and custom of the respective users. One of the four language skills in the process of learning English, is speaking skill as the first and main form of communication. It occupies a central place in the process of people enlightenment. Information is received, understood and easily processed through speaking or discourse than through writing. The speaking skills are donated to human beings in biological way. Speaking is a vital activity. Meanwhile, the language is a structural model of the system we use to convey our message while we are speaking. This study seeks to assess achievements and to determine the problem areas in the process of learning English speaking skills by high school students overall Kosova, suggesting appropriate recommendations for overcoming obstacles encountered. Thus, through it, are identified communication strategies that second-language learners use, whenever there are discovered linguistics deficiency, as well as difficulties in the process of learning verbal communication; interlinguistisc and intralinguistics communication strategies are revealed, that students use during oral communication, and their skills in the field of discourse are assessed
Social Circumstances of Deviant People, Case Study in Gjakova Region
Authors: Avdiaj Bekim
Published: July 2017

One of the factors influencing groups to hold together as one united ‘body’ for a social stability, is also the level of appearance of criminality within the region. Alongside evolution of the society, crime has also evolved and refined. Therefore, in the modern world of technology and science, criminality emerges in most diverse and most advanced forms. Based on that, criminality is encountered in every pore of society, irrespective of development, tradition, culture and nationality, and that from the local level, regional, state and all the way to international dimensions. This is furthermore sustained particularly by social evolutions experienced by the countries in transition, which were subject of a ‘reformation’ in all social spheres thus without sparing the human values. These trends of global development have, through some deviant cases, resulted with situations where all the existing social norms are being relinquished. Regardless of where you may happen to be, whatever newspaper you read, whatever news edition you watch on TV, one cannot but note that various criminal offences are being discussed or reported about, starting from the most common ones all the way to the terrorist acts. Based on the number and type of criminality, and based on the number of deviant persons, from 1999 onwards Gjakova region results with entirely new ‘behaviour’ in this direction. Therefore, current studying and analysing of social circumstances related deviant persons of this region consists of an immense and specific importance. Social circumstances and other factors of such persons shall be reflected through this study and that from the analysis generated from 95 of them which, in relation to the number of criminal offences reported with the law enforcement authorities from 2001 until 2012, appears to be 0. 41%. The sample included convicted deviant persons coming from the population of Gjakova region.
Revaluation of the Local Product, a Good Opportunity for the Rural Development in Albania
Authors: Llazo Edlira
Published: July 2017

Even though agriculture is one of the most important sectors in the Albanian economy, which has employed 40% of the labor force, after the fall of communism has been faced with the phenomenon of abandonment, with a poor development and is nowadays in search of developing alternatives. New developing alternatives that use the competing advantages of the sector of agriculture in Albania can be discovered by analysing the characteristics of this sector and confronting them with new developments of the sector in Europe. For this purpose within this study is made a questionnaire with the farmers to notice their key concerns in their work and to understand their readiness to be part of innovative schemes that will revalue the local product and will approach them to the consumer.
Grandparents of Autistic Children - The Best Support System
Authors: Mano Elona
Published: July 2017

There is an increase of cases with autism spectrum disorder each year. The truth is that tens of thousands parents face a tremendous phase when they understand what autism is. Autism and autistic children are the focus of many studies in the last decades, but the focus is mainly on the children or the parents of these children. What happens with grandparents of autistic children? They suffer twice. They suffer for the grandchild and for their own son or daughter. In addition, maybe they blame themselves for that inherited “bad” gene that caused the disorder. To go further they maybe feel useless because of their age, their conditions or even their missing information. One of the biggest challenges in providing services to people with an autism spectrum disorder is that they need help 24 hours per day. Not only the grandparents, but even all the other members of the family can help a lot. This study is focused on grandparents`s point of view. What is autism and what does it mean for them to have an autistic grandchild? During the interviews the participants raised some important issues. To have grandchildren with autism is not easy, but at least grandparents are willing to help anyway. The important is that an autistic child feels the presence of everyone.
The Impact of Internal Factors in Time Management
Authors: Dervishaj Shefqet Zeqir
Published: July 2017

Time management, as a new and modern discipline, represents a problem in developed countries as well as in Kosovo. The intention of this study is to carry out an analysis as to how these factors affect the time management in public organizations and in private companies in Kosovo. Amongst other factors that influence the management in general, the focus of the present study rests on internal factors, which are resources, capacities and base competence or competitive advantage of the organization, what the level of these factors is and how can organizations advance these factors and thus create a competitive advantage. Time is a necessary and irreplaceable resource in the process of completing tasks. Time is the managers’ valuable asset and in the event they lose it they can neither save nor replace it. The better we make use of time the more we will manage to accomplish. We cannot stop time; we cannot extend nor recover time. What can we manage? We can manage ourselves in time and we must understand the nature of the “time” phenomenon in order to adapt to it. The objective of this study will be to identify the extent that the organizations understand their internal environment, determination of values of these factors and determination of these capacities, identifying of weak and strong points of these factors. Based on the practice and based on the data I shall collect from the field, I will compare the same and will extract conclusions as to how these factors impact the time management, increasing thus the efficacy and efficiency of the organizations included in the study. External data shall be collected by way of quantitative questionnaires in order to come to a conclusion as to how these factors affect the time management in business and public organizations in Kosovo.
Asset Management Public Assessment of Road Infrastructure
Authors: Golgota Alma , Bardhi Diana
Published: July 2017

For several years, the Albanian Road Authority under the administration of the Ministry of Infrastructure also public transport, following the process of maintenance of national roads, even the Albanian Fund for Development of road infrastructure management agency that handled the funds public for the construction of national infrastructure in rural areas, have seen the need to develop a strategy for the management of maintenance and financial management, based on current accounting principles and efficiency in the use of funds for investment. This includes the use of a balance of investments made to launch a database for years and the development of basic documents for the planning and control of public spending in these activities. The question that arises and requires an analysis is
Human Resource Management is a Prerequisite for Enhancing the Quality of Higher Education in Kosovo
Authors: Nallbani Shqiponja
Published: July 2017

Given its problematic past, Kosovo’s economic and social development and its current resolve for a European integration process, will be a challenge that will follow for a long time. Because of the burden that state institutions carry in this mission, it is easily verifiable that the process of reform of public administration staff, both at local and central level, is failing. This is primarily because their number is too large and the government has no plans to either reduce this number or to increase their capacity and competence through educational programs of higher education. So far, the Kosovo government, specifically the Ministries of Education, Social Welfare, Labor, etc., and the local governments have no plans on how to achieve this task and the providers of higher education have not provided any program that would adequately enable employees to get re-qualified, in order to carry out their public duties more efficiently and professionally. Therefore, the requalification of staff at a higher education level is one of the essential factors that should be implemented immediately.
The Impact of Financial and Social Remittances in Perpetuating Migration (Albanian Migration Context)
Authors: Titili Denisa
Published: July 2017

Since 1990 Albania has experienced massive external and international migration due to political, economical and social changes occurred in Albanian society. Albanian migration represents a variety of migratory experiences and a combination of different forms of migration (internal, external, temporary, permanent, etc) and destinations. Albania’s contemporaneous mass emigration and internal migration over the short span of time since 1990 provides an excellent laboratory to study the inter links of these types of migration (King R, Skeldon R, - Vullnetari J, 2008: 33). Migration and remittances have changed the social face of Albanian society. Based on the theoretical framework of De Haas (2010) that social remittances can further strengthen migration aspiration, the aim of this paper is to highlight the impact of financial and social remittances from emigrants to Greece in encouraging internal (rural to urban) and external ongoing migration. Data collection will be provided by in-depth interviews. This paper will base on case-histories of Albanian families with different migratory experience to show off how emigration to Greece has lead to a subsequent internal migration within Albania.
Professional Education for Traditional Crafts in Kosovo
Authors: Haxhiu Kastriot
Published: July 2017

Youth vocational education belongs to the general sphere of an individual education, having in mind that regular education is not a conclusion but an ongoing process. Knowledge is not limited to or has any limits whatsoever, but simply are one of the conditions to materialize lifelong education. Requirements to approach the European community dictate the need for the Kosovar society in general and its youth in particular must continue their education to meet the challenges and obstacles of life are changing rapidly. The use of new technologies is one of the most dramatic changes in professional education. Along with this new reality that is before us young people must inevitably continue to track participation in vocational education as one of the alternatives for easier access to employment and development their career. Qualified professions and crafts are those jobs or activities that produce products made by individuals or providing specialized technological services. Qualifications for these specialized professions and crafts are obtained through professional education based on concrete programs. To motivate young people to attend a vocational training as a prerequisite to reach easily to the labor market, the Kosovar state needs a reforming flexibility in curriculum reorientation of vocational training. Therefore, result oriented efficient training programs must be catalyst for young Kosovar today in continuing education in professional schools.
Civil-Legal Protection of Copyright and Related Rights in Kosovo
Authors: Tahiri Burim
Published: July 2017

Copyright is a subjective right of absolute character that has a special importance for dignitary. Bearing in mind the fact this right and other related rights are being violated constantly in different ways, there have been attempts in establishing a regulatory framework which guarantees the protection of this right. It is worth emphasizing that protection of this right and other related rights can be done in various ways such as: civil-legal protection, criminal-legal, administrative-legal, international legal and protection through arbitration. Active legitimacy to initiate procedure for civil-legal protection of copyright and related rights has the author or the winner of exclusive authorizations. The initiation of this procedure is done through a lawsuit under civil procedure rules and the Law on Copyright and Related Rights. However to get to this first it has to come to violation of copyright or related rights. It must be emphasized that legal framework in Kosovo determined cases which constitute the violation of copyright and related rights. Concerning this, under the Law on Copyright and Related Rights it has been specified that as violation shall be considered the use of any copyright without permission of the author. Thus, for instance in Kosovo and in many other countries piracy is a social phenomenon that violation reaches that degree sometimes is created the impression that user does these actions on a regular basis. In Kosovo is not in favor of these trends the lack of legal framework providing protection of copyright and related rights, but inaction of particular state segments in order to exercise proper supervision for implementation of legal framework in protection of those rights. By having this in mind, is noticed clearly the importance of protection copyright and related rights. Consequently it should come to the fulfillment regarding terms protection in order to ensure civil legal protection of copyright and related rights. Concerning this it could be said that initially must be ascertained the violation of copyright. In the following in order to be established the liability of offender it is necessary to prove the culpability or culpable action of user of copyright. Also is very essential the causal link between undertaken action and caused consequence respectively infliction of damage to author or holder of that right. Therefore, in order to be established the liability of particular subject for violation of copyright and related rights is necessary to be fulfilled the abovementioned conditions in a cumulative manner, which shall be handled separately in the following of this scientific paper.
Feminist Challenge to the Mainstream IR
Authors: Aydın Gülşen
Published: July 2017

This study deals with the Feminist challenge to the Mainstream International Relations Discipline (IR) - rationalist theories, especially Realism - and the mainstream's responses to this challenge. It addresses the issue in five steps. Firstly, it sheds light on how Feminism is related to International Relations. Secondly, it examines how Feminist IR theorists criticize the Mainstream IR due to its state-centric approach and argue that being obsessed with anarchic international system prevented analysis of social relations, including gender relations. Thirdly, the study addresses how Feminism exposes the gender biases in central terms such as power, autonomy, rationality, security, and state. Fourthly, it examines how Feminist writing on IR challenges the dichotomies of the Mainstream IR. Fifthly, the study examines how the Mainstream has responded to that challenge. The conclusion argues that although Feminist challenge to mainstream IR cannot be deemed successful in reconstructing IR, Feminism still enriches our understanding of global politics.
The Challenge of the Trafficked Girls in the Difficult Process of the Reintegration
Authors: Biçoku Alisa
Published: July 2017

The reintegration refers to the process of trafficked girls ' involvement in social and economic life. This process, which is important for trafficked women's life remains a long process to achieve. This study focuses on its core trafficked girls who are going through the long high of social reintegration. The aim of this study is to analyze the significance of experiences, emotions, social and economic difficulties that need trafficked girls face during reintegration into society. The specific objective of this study is the importance of the reintegration process and the factors that influence the success of this process in the social life of victims of trafficking. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, as an efficient method that provides a sense of depth to the exploration of subjects, giving us much more detailed and specific information. The tools that have been used are the focus group, organized in collaboration with girls’ victims of trafficking which are secured in the Centre "Vatra".
Migration and Social Transformation. the Case of Albania and Greece
Authors: Demalija Rifat
Published: July 2017

Migration has become a very sensitive issue for the society not in Albania, but in Europe and beyond it last twenty years. The development through migration seems to be a political issue, therefore it’s still regarded a social problem which needs to be controlled. Migration has played a big role within the social order, bounding societies with high cultural differences and beliefs. The case of Albania and Greece, after 1991, helps me to claim that migration has not only influenced the development of both countries, but it has also transformed the social life. This paper aims to take into account two important issue; social transformation and human mobility and its relationship with migration and development, observing the case of Albania and Greece 1991 -2013. The paper will answer the question about the social integration and benefits of both social groups involved; migrants and hosting communities. Globalization (especially after the collapse of the communistregime in Albania), represents an important development in social, economical and political life in both countries, Albania and Greece. The migration of Albanians denied for more than forty years by the communist regime, was reflected with the wave of migration after 1991 initially in Italy and Greece. Within two years, more than 300,000 Albanians emigrated, seeking for a better life, while after 20 years more than 1 million Albanians are living abroad. Albanians are by far the largest groups of foreign workers in Greece, estimated at 650,000 to 800,000. With the economical crises in Greece the situation has changed and many of migrants have decided to return home. What they bring home is not only their money and experience, but they bring most the social transformation. Focusing on the social transformation and human mobility, this research brings into the attention not only benefits of economical developments, but also the social transformation, through exchanging skills and attitude, brain circulation from which benefits both countries.
Returning and Re-Emigrating Gendered Trajectories of (Re)Integration from Greece
Authors: Xhaho Armela , Çaro Erka
Published: July 2017

The aim of this research paper is three fold: (1) to shed some light on the struggles Albanian return migrants are facing in their psycho-social, cultural and labor market reintegration in the origin country, looking as well to the gendered trajectories of return and re-emigration(2) to highlight their gendered strategies in transferring back in their home country their financial, social and human capital;(3) to better understand the dynamic paths of their migration trajectories and finally (4) to push policy makers to put with high priority the returnees reintegration plan into the policy agenda. We base our analyze on 42 life stories of Albanian migrants, from which, 12 interviews with return migrants from Greece, 30 migrants that are actually in Greece (from which 50% have at least made an 1 attempt to return in Albania and 5 are circular migrants).The study found that: many Albanian migrants return to Albania to stay either temporary or permanently with the idea of investing in home country, though not all of them who return stay in Albania. Returnees and at a greater degree women, face lot struggles and difficulties in their psycho-social, cultural and economic reintegration upon their return, which make them mentally and psychologically vulnerable. Women experienced a sense of disempowerment, reconfiguration and re-traditionalisation of gender relationships upon their return. Labor market integration seem more problematic especially for returned women who faced a gendered gap in labor force participation . Moreover, despite migrant willingness to invest their financial and social remittances in Albania by bringing new ideas in the labor market trend, they experience a sense of disillusion. Therefore, having no support system back home, remaining jobless and in many cases failing in their investment endeavors, make returnees consider further re-emigration as a surviving strategy. This study suggest that it is time for policy makers to compile with high priority and with a gender lens analysis a new National Migration Strategy and Return Reintegration strategy, while developing concrete and coherent measures upon returnees successful reintegration in the home country. This policy research brings at the policy agenda an holistic and multidisciplinary approach to returnee reintegration through better multi- level/stakeholder collaboration and dialogue.
Political Parties in Kosovo, Organizational Structure and Their Internal Democracy
Authors: Zejnullahi Veton
Published: July 2017

The collapse of communism in the former Eastern bloc , which was followed by the establishment of democracies popular and holding free elections to the parliaments of the countries concerned had its impact in Kosovo , which although occupied accepted among first democracy in the former Yugoslavia , which was followed by the creation of political parties at that time. The role of political parties in the years of occupation there was a genuine character of party activity as a result of the occupation, because the main word on Kosovo was Serbian government, installed after violent suppression of Kosovo's autonomy in 1989. Political parties in general It served as a national movement, some of which joined the Kosovo Albanians by articulating their demands for freedom and independence. This included organizing parties in Kosovo and the Albanian parties in other areas in the former Yugoslavia was organized by the Coordination Council of Albanian Parties. End of the war in 1999 brought a completely new situation, changing political scene with the formation of more political parties, as well as providing more opportunities for a better organization of the political scene. Some of the political parties no longer exist, while others have a very small number of members. The formation of new parties expected profiling of political scene, however, serves only their declarative they are right or left, in most cases a proper profiling has not happened yet. Political parties in Kosovo even after so many years of activity apparently still in the phase of consolidation but also in search of their identity.
The International Company and Tax Avoidance
Authors: Tanto Viola
Published: July 2017

In combination with sluggish economic development, the financial crisis and the debt crisis that it triggered have contributed to the fact that tax evasion, tax fraud and tax avoidance are recognized as a serious problem. Tax evasion and tax fraud by well-known personalities from politics, sport, the arts and commerce also attract intensive coverage in the media. In the companies sector, internationalization makes it easier for global corporations to shift their profits to low-tax countries and thus to minimize their tax bill. This paper shall discuss also, the measures to combat international tax evasion to be worked out by the OECD and the G20. The fact that multinational corporations are able to reduce their tax burden on profits through tax-saving plans has been known for decades. There are several reasons for the massive increase in this phenomenon in recent years. On the one hand there has been increasing globalisation, on the other corporate structures have also changed massively in recent decades. Tax havens play an important role in this context and there is practically no global player without branches in tax havens
An Overview of the Constructivist Theories and Their Possible Implications in the Design of the ESP Digital Learning Environment
Authors: Živković Slađana
Published: July 2017

This paper provides a brief overview of the constructivist learning theories and explains their significance in the design of the ESP digital learning environment. Constructivism provides a unique and challenging learning environment, and coupled with modern technology shows the potential for great advancement in learning practices. Together they provide the opportunity for new possibilities in the learning process. In other words, they allow ESP students to learn to their fullest potential.Complete understanding of ESP needs an increasing research input, including social interaction and intercultural communication competence. The purpose of ESP is to prepare a student (future specialist) to communicate effectively in the professional field and real-life situations. The ultimate goal is to become operational in any learning situation.
Importance of Communication During Change: A Case of the Municipality of Vlora
Authors: Hasanaj Rezarta
Published: July 2017

Public sector organizations are often perceived as resisting change. One of the most important changes in Albania is the implementation of the administrative –territorial reform. Literature suggests that one of the critical factors in all change, and one of the toughest issues in an organization, which brings the frequent failure of change efforts, is communication. This paper, presents the importance of effective communication in change management in public sector.
Discrimination of Roma Women Regarding Their Access to Reproductive Health Services in Albania
Authors: Rusi Nadia
Published: July 2017

The situation of Roma women regarding the provision of the reproductive health services is a sensitive issue in the Albanian reality, in the framework of the implementation of the fundamental rights and in the framework of achieving social justice. Previous reports with their focus on “Roma population” have brought surveys related to different fields, including employment, education and estimation of the general situation of Roma community in such fields. From this point of view it is estimated that there is a lack of special reports treating only the situation of Roma women, in different aspects of their economic, social, cultural life and their health as well. Furthermore, a review of the previous literature in such a field shows a lack of study regarding the situation of Roma women in their access to reproductive health services. Taking into consideration the reasons mentioned above, this paper aims to serve as an orientation for the course of the State - Community Policies in such a field. The paper is focused in three main aspects: analysis of the Albanian normative framework in regard to reproductive health, situation of Roma women regarding their access in reproductive health services and drawing conclusions regarding the equal treatment of Roma women in the field of reproductive health.
The Fiscal Problems of Small Business in Albania
Authors: Xhango Edvin
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is the analysis of the fiscal law framework focused in the small businesses in Albania. The methodology used is a systematic literature review based mainly on Albanian legislation. Based on the Albanian fiscal legislation, classification of businesses it was done based on the sales that are realized. For over twenty - five years, taxes on small business often have changed, but the base of the manner for calculation of the tax is not change, it is relating with the turnover that is realize during one year. The study reached some conclusions. Thus, a) the review of groups that are included on the revision of the VAT and b) the review of profit tax small business.
Regulation of the Dessolution Marriage Consequences by the Prenuptial Agreement
Authors: DODAJ Blerina
Published: July 2017

The statistics shows an increase of divorce number, assigns each of us, scholars of the law, lawmakers, applicators of the legal norms, to find an appropriate way to regulate every consequence that derives from the process of divorce. It is obvious that the known social problem of divorce affects a considerable number of subjects, starting from those directly implicated in the process or other third persons, whom interacted in a way or another with the subjects of the divorce itself. This process directly affects the spouses and children, if there are any, by considering for them not only the conclusion of an actual status but also as the beginning of a new life that both have its bright and dark aspects.
European Monetary Measures to Support Economic Recovery
Authors: Munteanu Bogdan
Published: July 2017

The present article aims to look at the current monetary measures deployed by ECB to address the economic context of below expectations economic growth and inflation, taking into account the expression of monetary policy via the Expanded Asset Purchase Programme. This tool is used to push financial liquidity into the economies of the European Union, in a banking system affected by the crisis and which has been shown to be still at risk by the latest stress tests conducted by the European Banking Authority. The article points out why monetary measures are important to support the economic recovery in Europe, in an interventional context of monetary and fiscal policies of governing authorities, appealing to economic models to explain how the policies contribute to economic growth and development. The methodology used by the article is economic analysis and rationale, cost-benefit analysis, statistics of money market and banking industry indicators, etc. The conclusion emerging from this article is that the Asset Purchase Programme of ECB led in a certain degree to an improvement in the macro-economic environment on yields and on its transmission channels into the financial system and into economies.
Analytical Hierarchy Process as a Decision-Making Model
Authors: Galo Agerti
Published: July 2017

When the problems we face are complex and affect each other, then the decision making process is more difficult. In most cases we apply established policies or choices without knowing which the best choice is. To make appropriate decisions that can solve the problems encountered should be analyzed very well the reasons that create problems and their reciprocal influence. AHP helps the decision of the people who will decide the problem by taking a hierarchical structure evaluation, opinions, experiences and all information about this problem. This flexible structure enables analytical feelings and instincts to organize and align with a shape that resembles human logic. Thus this analytical flexible structure, allowing to adjust the paper instead of the mind, gives people the opportunity to intervene in the most difficult problems and complex.
Poverty and Migration in Western Balkan Countries
Authors: Malaj Emi , Malaj Visar
Published: July 2017

According to Lee (1966), the number of immigrants in a specific country is positively related with the level of the corresponding diversity of areas and people. Negative economic conditions in origin countries lead to the increase of migration flows; as a consequence, we find high immigrant volumes in wealthier countries and a significant level of mobility in least developed countries. Every stream provokes a counterstream: a relevant part of immigrants return to their home country, due to possible future economic recessions or to the learning or developing particular skills. Dissimilarity between countries and strong immigration barriers reinforce the counterstream effect. We analyze in this paper the link between poverty and migration in Western Balkan countries, and the respective implications for reforms and policies. The number of Western Balkan citizens who emigrate to developed European countries has dramatically increased over the past years. This is a consequence of increasing unemployment, poverty and social inequality. We also estimate a particular econometric model, including different experimental variables, related with migration and poverty.
Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families Within the Albanian Context
Authors: Peka Nejla
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate about the changes in legal framework and the role that legislative measures play in promoting and protecting all the people rights, especially of all migrant workers and members of their families. The study employs a mixed methodology, comprising a review of the legislation, institutional framework, statistics data and some of the relevant literature in the field of international law, regarding the conventions, bilateral agreements and some other documents for promoting and respecting migrant workers’ rights. The findings of this study are supported in prior research in analyzing a lot of documents, strategies, prepared by NGO-s and other government institutions. The in-depth analysis of the qualitative data revealed a basic understanding of promoting and protecting migrant workers and members of their families in my country.