bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on the role of the intermediary in the justice system: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Kearns Aine , Gallagher Aoife , Hayes Anna , O’Gorman Anne Marie , O’Muiri Sadhbh , O’Rourke Lisa
Published: October 2024

Children and vulnerable adults can experience substantive barriers when engaging with justice systems. An intermediary is a trained professional who supports vulnerable individuals to participate fully in legal processes by facilitating communication between them and legal professionals. Challenges in the establishment of the role are evident, while perceptions of how stakeholders perceive the role are relatively under-explored. This review synthesises literature on stakeholders’ perspectives of the intermediary role in the justice system. A systematic search of electronic databases ( n = 6) was undertaken alongside manual searches of the grey literature. Papers were independently screened for inclusion. Included papers were appraised for quality and qualitative content analysis was undertaken. The final sample ( n = 26) included the perspective of vulnerable individuals and families, legal practitioners and intermediaries. Seven categories were identified: (1) unique knowledge with transformative impact; (2) relationship work; (3) evolving scope, clear boundaries; (4) low status, high demands; (5) outer strengths, inner conflicts; (6) fulfilment in the role and (7) out of sync. The findings suggest that the role of the intermediary is perceived positively across stakeholder groups. However, several challenges are evident in relation to successful implementation of this complex and nuanced role. Recommendations for research and policy are discussed.
Using virtual reality technology to prevent substance misuse and violence among university students: A pilot and feasibility study
Authors: Griffin Kenneth W , Botvin Gilbert J , Williams Christopher , Sousa Sandra M
Published: October 2024

Objectives: New prevention approaches that use engaging and innovative technologies are needed to reduce high rates of substance use and violence among university students. The present study developed and pilot-tested virtual reality (VR) technology that presented university students with immersive environments where they practiced skills with virtual peers. Methods: After viewing e-learning modules with prevention content, students engaged with immersive VR module prototypes to practice cognitive-behavioral skills for preventing risk behaviors, including assertive communication, negotiation, compromise, conflict resolution, and bystander intervention strategies. Results: Paired t-tests showed increases in life skills knowledge and anti-violence attitudes among students from the pretest to posttest assessments. Students and educators were enthusiastic about the VR prototypes, rating them as feasible, relevant, appealing, engaging, and innovative for prevention. Participants provided feedback on ways to improve the VR experience by including a greater variety of conflict situations, more nuanced branched scenarios and response options, and a more complete representation of all scenario outcomes. Conclusions: Findings suggest that VR scenarios are a promising strategy for enhancing life skills to help prevent health risk behaviors among university students.
Of robots and ancient mysteries: Representations of Jōmon figurines as cultural heritage and popular culture
Authors: Yasui Emma
Published: October 2024

Final Jōmon ceramic figurines known as shakōki dogū have been incorporated into popular culture for decades in Japan, but few studies have examined how these sources represent shakōki dogū or how they contribute to public meaning making about the past. Using perspectives from archaeological representation studies, this paper explores trends in when, where, and how shakōki dogū appear in Japanese media, such as anime, manga, and games. In didactic sources, shakōki dogū are predominantly characterized as female figurines connected to Jōmon ritual and Japanese cultural origins. While the dogū observed here were often depicted as ancient and magical, they were more likely to be masculine, antagonistic, and generic symbols of a distant past, rather than references to the Jōmon or Japanese heritage. This departure from a divine feminine interpretation is discussed in relation to the video game industry, science fiction and fantasy genres, and Arahabaki in the popular mind.
Standing out while fitting in: An objective measure of visual branding cohesion across a product portfolio
Authors: Ward Ella , Trinh Giang , Beal Virginia , Dawes John , Romaniuk Jenni
Published: October 2024

This research develops a new metric (PBCM) that can identify products within a portfolio that are eroding visual branding cohesion. We show how this new measure gives results equivalent to consumer evaluations of cohesion, without costly and time intensive data collection. The sampling frame for this research is 10 portfolios from five categories (dry dog food, instant coffee, toothpaste, shower gel and chewing gum) in the United Kingdom. In addition, 626 consumers were surveyed to investigate how PBCM affects a consumer’s ability to match an individual product back to its portfolio and recall the brand name. We find that products from high cohesion portfolios have significantly higher (17%) correct brand recall than those from low cohesion portfolios and are matched back to their portfolio by more than twice as many respondents (79% v 35%), significantly faster (2.3 vs. 3.8 minutes).
Pre-service teachers’ agency to enact multilingual pedagogies: A longitudinal case study
Authors: Iversen Jonas Yassin
Published: October 2024

Students with migrant backgrounds continue to underperform across European education systems, highlighting the need for teachers to be prepared for multicultural and multilingual schools. However, even teachers who are open to multilingual pedagogies report being restricted by monolingual language policies, language beliefs and assessment schemes. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the conditions for pre-service teachers to exercise their agency in enacting multilingual pedagogies within monolingual education systems. Through a longitudinal case study involving interviews with five pre-service teachers at the outset and completion of their teacher education in Norway, the study explores the following research question: To what degree has teacher education provided the necessary conditions for pre-service teachers to exercise their agency in enacting multilingual pedagogies within a monolingual education system? A thematic analysis comparing responses given at the onset and completion of their teacher education suggests that the pre-service teachers had altered their beliefs, acquired more knowledge and reported more skills in working with multilingual learners. Moreover, they had developed a greater ability to imagine alternative approaches to multilingualism and become more flexible in these approaches. The longitudinal and qualitative research design offers a detailed picture of pre-service teachers’ development over the course of their teacher education.
High- or low-risk prisoner, high- or low-risk ex-offender? Assessing the predictive validity of the level of service/risk-need-responsivity (LS/RNR) instrument among different subgroups of Danish prisoners
Authors: Larsen Britt Østergaard , Larsen Kira Solveig , Berger Nichlas Permin
Published: October 2024

The use of risk assessment tools such as the level of service/risk-need-responsivity (LS/RNR) has spread in criminal justice systems across the world. Although risk assessments have been implemented in many European jurisdictions, there is still a need for empirical knowledge on the applicability of the instruments in these geographical contexts. In this study, we follow the first cohorts of Danish prisoners who were assessed with LS/RNR ( N = 4075) and evaluate the predictive validity of recidivism within 24 months from prison release. The results suggest that LS/RNR is a medium-strong predictor of recidivism when evaluated with standard methods. However, we also find large differences in recidivism outcomes between subgroups (defined by age and minority background) within identical risk levels, and we discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice.
The one-minute sit-to-stand test: A practical tool for assessing functional exercise capacity in patients with COPD in routine clinical practice
Authors: Mellaerts Paulien , Demeyer Heleen , Blondeel Astrid , Vanhoutte Tim , Breuls Sofie , Wuyts Marieke , Coosemans Iris , Claes Lode , Vandenbergh Nele , Beckers Kaat , Bossche Lucas Vanden , Stylemans Dimitri , Janssens Wim , Everaerts Stephanie , Troosters Thierry
Published: October 2024

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a reduced exercise capacity. Although several field tests for exercise capacity have been modified for non-standard settings, i.e. outside the hospital clinic or pulmonary rehabilitation center, their uptake remains limited. Objectives: To assess the test-retest reliability, constuct validity and responsiveness of the one-minute sit-to-stand test (1′STST) adopted in clinical practice among patients with COPD and to confirm the earlier established minimal important difference (MID) of three repetitions. Methods: Patients with COPD performed two 1′STSTs, two 6-minute walk tests (6MWT), an isometric quadriceps force (QF) measurement, a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), and a seven-day physical activity (PA) measurement before and after three months of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). An Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) evaluated the agreement between two 1′STSTs. Pearson Correlation examined the association between the 1′STST and other physical measurements, and their changes following PR. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed using a 30-meter increment in the 6MWT as cut-off to identify responders. Results: The 1′STST demonstrated good reliability (Δ0.9 ± 4.0 repetitions, p = .13; ICC = 0.79). The 1′STST was moderately correlated with the 6MWT (r = 0.57, p < .0001), VO2max (r = 0.50, p = .0006) and maximal work rate (r = 0.52, p = .0003). Weak correlations were observed with QF (r = 0.33, p = .03) and step count (r = 0.38, p = .013). The 1′STST improved after PR (∆ = 3.6 ± 6.4 repetitions, p = .0013) and changes correlated moderately with changes in the 6MWT (r = 0.57, p = .002), QF (r = 0.48, p = .003) and VO2max (r = 0.41, p = .014). A cut-off of three repetitions demonstrated a 71% accuracy in identifying responders to a rehabilitation program. Conclusion: The 1′STST is a valuable alternative to evaluate exercise capacity in patients with COPD when more expensive and time-consuming tests are unavailable.
Predicting teacher voice behaviour: The influence of distributed leadership, psychological empowerment and power distance orientation in Kuwait
Authors: Alazmi Ayeshah A.
Published: October 2024

Teacher voice behaviour is a significant instrument for developing positive change, better decision-making and raised school efficacy at an educational institution, with a principal's leadership facilitating this mechanism. The purpose of this study is to investigate how and under what conditions a school principal's implementation of distributed leadership affects teacher voice behaviour within their school. Data from 1024 teachers across 36 public schools in Kuwait was examined using regression analysis and bootstrapping methods. This research examined a moderated mediation model of distributed leadership effects upon teacher voice behaviour, with teacher psychological empowerment included as the mediator and power distance orientation as the moderator. Results revealed a partial mediation model and found that distributed leadership had significant direct and indirect effects upon teacher voice behaviour. Power distance orientation negatively moderated the relationship between psychological empowerment and teacher voice behaviour. This study contributes to existing distributed leadership literature by identifying psychological empowerment as an additional mediator, and power distance orientation as a boundary condition, in the relationship between distributed leadership and teacher voice behaviour. This study's findings could provide the conceptual basis for interventions designed to promote teacher voice behavior.
Implementing creative dance activities for primary school children to improve health and wellbeing: a qualitative study in the North East England
Authors: van der Graaf P , Azevedo L , El Zerbi C , Landindome PN , Watson P
Published: October 2024

Aims:

Evidence suggests that group arts activities with children build resilience and positive mental wellbeing. However, insufficient attention has been paid to how such activities can be implemented in practice across different contexts, particularly in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Therefore, we explored the implementation of a dance-based intervention in two primary schools situated in an area of high economic deprivation in North East England.

Methods:

Our study explored Year 1 (age 5–6) and Year 5 (age 9–10) children, their parents, teachers and dance artists’ views of a creative dance intervention (South Tees Arts project; STAR) in two schools in North East England, using interviews and focus groups, combined with innovative data capture activities (i.e. movement activities, graffiti walls, songs and Vox Pops).

Results:

Children felt that STAR contributed positively to their emotional wellbeing and physical health. Teachers noticed improved confidence, engagement, literacy, and social and motor skills and less disruptive behaviour in class. Benefits continued beyond school, with children exercising at home to practice their dance moves. Several implementation barriers were identified ranging from limited time, large classes, dealing with challenging behaviours, the impact of COVID-19, stigma and anxiety. In response to these challenges, several solutions were developed during project delivery, such as artists and children working in pairs and role modelling by teachers and dance artists.

Conclusions:

We found three underlying mechanisms for successful implementation: (1) constant communication between teachers, dance artists and parents was essential to managing challenging behaviours, building personal relationships with children, and helping parents to get involved and support their children at home. (2) Linking dance activities to the school curriculum (using narratives from existing reading schemes) helped to support skill gaps. (3) A strong ethos of partnership between school, dance and arts providers and researchers ensured the adaptability and flexibility of projects.
Prognostic value of immune-inflammatory and nutrition indicators in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma with negative plasma Epstein–Barr virus DNA
Authors: Weng Youliang , Wu Lishui , Li Ying , Wang Jing , Wu Zijie , Hong Xinyi , Liu Xiaoyong , Lai Jinghua , Lu Jun , Qiu Sufang
Published: October 2024

Background:

Plasma Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA has been identified as a significant prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), yet there is limited research on the prognosis of NPC patients with negative EBV DNA.

Objectives:

We explore the prognostic value of comprehensive immune-inflammatory and nutritional indicators to offer personalized treatment recommendations and prognosis predictions for non-metastatic NPC patients with negative EBV DNA.

Design:

This was a retrospective study.

Methods:

This study retrospectively analyzed 257 non-metastatic NPC patients with negative EBV DNA between January 2015 and December 2019. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves evaluated survival endpoints, and group discrepancies were assessed with log-rank tests. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced data dimensionality. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified significant prognostic variables. Risk stratification was performed based on recursive partitioning analysis (RPA). A robust prognostic model was constructed by nomogram and evaluated by calibration curves, decision curves, and the time-dependent area under the curve analysis.

Results:

PCA was employed to compute the immune-inflammation index (III) and nutrition index (NI). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed lactate dehydrogenase, III, and NI as significant prognostic variables for overall survival (OS). Utilizing RPA, we stratified the risk into three categories: low-risk group (low III + high NI), middle-risk group (low III + low NI), and high-risk group (high III). Both the middle- ( p = 0.025) and high-risk groups ( p < 0.001) exhibited poorer OS compared with the low-risk group. The nomogram model exhibited superior predictive accuracy compared to tumor lymph node metastasis stage alone (C-index: 0.774 vs 0.679).

Conclusion:

Our study validated the prognostic significance of III and NI in non-metastatic NPC patients with negative EBV DNA. Additionally, a clinical risk stratification was constructed to offer valuable insights into the individualized treatment of these patients.
From Believing in Miracles to Contending for Miracles: A Response to Craig Keener
Authors: Brown Candy Gunther
Published: October 2024

This article responds to Craig Keener’s opening article in a special issue, originating with a Holy Spirit Symposium, Center for the Study of the Work and Ministry of the Holy Spirit Today, Biola University, October 27, 2023. Keener presents historical, theological, and philosophical reasons to accept intellectually that miracles are credible. My response shifts focus to three psychological and pastoral questions. First, given that many Christians do affirm belief in miracles, why do relatively few Christians—at least in the Global North—pray regularly, expectantly, and persistently for miraculous healing? Second, what are the costs of this gap between beliefs and practices? Third, how might more Christians move from believing in miracles to contending for miracles? I argue that it is insufficient for Christians to believe in the credibility of miracles; the church needs to make it a priority to contend for miracles.
Automated detection of deformation mechanisms in re-entrant honeycomb auxetics using machine learning
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Dhari Rahul Singh , Javanbakht Zia
Published: October 2024

The intricate geometrical configuration of an auxetic structure enables high energy dissipation capacity at the expense of a highly nonlinear mechanical response. Under external stimuli, complicated deformation mechanisms emerge which dictate the extent of energy dissipation. Recently, the new ‘plastic hinge tracing’ method (Dhari et al., 2021) was introduced to detect such deformation mechanisms for elastoplastic porous materials. This approach is however subjective and cumbersome since it requires monitoring several plastic regions in consecutive deformed configurations. The present study innovatively extends this method by implementing machine learning (ML) techniques for objective detection of deformation modes in auxetics. To this end, a logistic regression ML model was developed to classify the deformation modes of a re-entrant honeycomb structure. The proposed procedure could successfully detect four out of the six deformation modes (‘X’, distorted ‘X’, ‘V’, and ‘V + Z + V’) using the training datasets generated by the finite element analysis and image labels created by K-means clustering algorithm. The success of the proposed automated approach lays the foundation for identifying the deformation mechanisms of other auxetics and porous materials with plastic deformations.
Feasibility of an exergaming training program in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A mixed method study
Authors: Savic Nikola , Petry Heidi , de Bruin Eling D. , Lehmann Roger , Eggenberger Patrick , Adcock Manuela , Hirschmann Ruth , Knols Ruud H.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus may benefit from exergaming training. Exergaming, technology-driven physical activities requiring participants to be physically active or exercise to play the game, allows combining cognitive with motor training. This trial aimed to primarily evaluate the feasibility of an exergame-based training protocol. Secondarily, possible effects on physical, functional, and patient-reported outcomes were explored.

Methods

Type 2 diabetic individuals performed an exergaming protocol on a pressure sensitive platform. After a 6-week control period, training was administered 2–3 times weekly for another six weeks for 30–60 minutes per session. Outcome variables were assessed during baseline (T0), pre-intervention (T1) and twice at postintervention (T1 and T2). An interview after completion ended the study program. Feasibility was determined by recruitment, adherence, compliance, attrition rates, motivation, satisfaction, and technology acceptance.

Results

Eleven of 13 participants completed the study protocol. The feasibility criteria adherence-mandatory (86.4%), adherence-voluntary (70.2%), compliance (99.7%), attrition (15.4%) rate, motivation (82%), satisfaction (80%), and technology acceptance (62.5%) were all deemed acceptable, except for the recruitment rate (13.7%). There were inconsistent effects on functional outcomes, appraisal of diabetes, and health-related quality of life. Qualitative patient-reported experience was overall positive, which is in line with the quantitative results.

Conclusion

The exergame-based training program is feasible and safe and type 2 diabetic participants’ acceptance of this approach was high, although the recruitment procedure needs minor changes. Furthermore, results were obtained that might be useful in selecting appropriate assessments and sample sizes in future trials.
Mental health provider and youth service users’ perspectives regarding implementation of a digital mental health platform for youth: A survey study
Authors: Hews-Girard Julia , Bright Katherine , Barker Marianne , Bassi Emily M , Iorfino Frank , LaMonica Haley M , Moskovic Karen , Fersovitch Melanie , Stamp Leanne , Gondziola Jessica , Hickie Ian , Dimitropoulos Gina
Published: October 2024

Background

For youth and young adults (YYAs) with mental health concerns, digital mental health (dMH) can improve access to care and support collaboration with providers. Measurement-based care using a dMH platform may further optimize YYA outcomes by individualizing treatment approaches. Engaging service providers and YYA provides an opportunity to better understand how to mitigate implementation challenges.

Aim

Explore the experiences of mental health care providers and YYAs regarding the implementation of a dMH platform for YYAs accessing mental health care in multiple care settings.

Methods

Mental health care providers and YYA service users completed an electronic survey exploring their experiences and perceptions of implementing a dMH platform. Survey design, data analysis, and reporting were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Results

A total of 195 individuals (100 providers, 95 YYAs) responded. Of those, 48 providers and 79 YYAs reported using the platform at least once. Both groups identified several important factors supporting implementation including collaborative relationships between providers and YYAs, the ability to monitor mental health outcomes, and increased YYA engagement in care. The need for increased provider training and automatic reminders for YYAs to use the platform were common barriers. Each group perceived the other to be uninterested in using the platform, highlighting the importance of using all stakeholder views to inform implementation planning.

Conclusions

Successful implementation of dMH for care of YYA requires ongoing, user-informed training, integration into existing workflows, and alignment with YYA priorities for care. Future work exploring provider and youth perceptions of the others’ “buy-in” is needed to inform future implementation strategies.
Homeland social media as a field of negotiation: Creative strategies of China’s Wanghong in Japan
Authors: Du Yan
Published: October 2024

This article investigates how China’s Wanghong (a Chinese term referring to online influencers’) in Japan engage in cultural and economic practices through transnational homeland social media. Particular attention is given to the characteristics of how they utilise Chinese social media and the ways in which pressures emanating from the homeland-media environment have moulded their distinctive approaches to participating in media practices. Combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the data on which this research is based consists of China’s statistical data concerning Wanghong, empirical data generated from interviews with nine China’s Wanghong in Japan, and online participant observations of their media practices. The results of this study reveal that Wanghong must contend with the deep-rooted Sino-Japanese hostilities in the patriotic context of homeland media, as they are largely dependent on Chinese advertisers for their financial resources. Consequently, homeland media becomes a field of negotiation where Wanghong cope with environmental pressures and negotiate their identities and actions, with identity performance and placemaking serving as the creative-compromise strategies they adopt.
Current Congenital Heart Surgery and Pediatric Perfusion Practices in Japan and Vietnam
Authors: Itoh Hideshi , Sano Shunji , Ichiba Shingo , The Binh Nguyen , Thanh Le Ngoc
Published: October 2024

The declining birth rate and aging population are becoming increasingly serious social issues in Japan. In this report, we summarize the current congenital heart surgery and pediatric perfusion practices in Japan and Vietnam. In addition we report the rapid growth and development of congenital heart surgery in Vietnam made possible by medical education support provided by Japan over the past decade.
Surgical Closure of Multiple Muscular Ventricular Septal Defects in Children Using 3D-Printed Models
Authors: Andugala Shalom , Grant Caroline , Powell Jennifer , Marathe Supreet , Venugopal Prem , Alphonso Nelson
Published: October 2024

Background

Multiple muscular ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are often difficult to visualize and access surgically. The main challenge is identifying all defects intraoperatively, without which residual defects are inevitable. Patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) printed models can help accurately demonstrate intracardiac anatomy. We present our experience using this technology to surgically close multiple muscular VSDs .

Methods

Data of all patients with multiple VSDs in whom a 3D-printed model was used to aid surgical planning between September 2021 and July 2023 was collected retrospectively. Our approach involved generating a 3D model from a preoperative computerized tomography scan for each patient, which was then used to precisely identify the location of the multiple VSDs and plan surgical intervention.

Results

Six patients underwent closure of multiple VSDs using a 3D model. The mean age at surgery was 3.5 years (SD ± 2.8 years). Five (83.3%) patients had previously undergone pulmonary artery banding. The VSDs were approached through the right atrium in three (50%) and the right ventricle in three (50%) patients. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial ischemia times were 185.2 min (SD ± 94.8 min) and 147.5 min (SD ± 86 min), respectively. There was no postoperative heart block or a hemodynamically significant residual VSD. All six patients had normal biventricular function at a median follow-up duration of 1.7 months (interquartile range: 1.2-7.4 months).

Conclusion

3D printing to aid closure of multiple VSDs is safe, reliable, and reproducible. We recommend adding 3D printing to surgeons’ armamentarium when faced with the challenge of closing multiple muscular VSDs in children.
Analyzing User Psychology and Behavior in Short-Form Video Shopping Platforms: An Integrated TAM and ISS Model Approach
Authors: Wang Wenting , Wu Sixue
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the psychology and behavior of users engaging in short-form video shopping platforms (SVSP) from a user experience perspective. By extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Information System Success Model (ISS), an intention-to-use model for SVSP was developed. We conducted a survey on participants of SVSP shopping through the Questionnaire Star platform, obtaining 1,026 valid responses. Structural equation modeling (SEM-AMOS) was utilized to validate the hypotheses. Key findings include: perceived usefulness positively influences user engagement, purchase intention, and satisfaction; information quality positively impacts purchase intention; perceived ease of use negatively affects user engagement and satisfaction. Indirect effects on use intention were observed via mediation variables. Additionally, price negatively moderates the relationship between satisfaction, user engagement, and purchase intention. These findings contribute to theory and emphasizes user experience and provides actionable insights for sellers to boost engagement and satisfaction, along with managerial strategies to optimize short-form video live shopping experiences.
A Benchmarking Model for HRM Elements of Large Mining Industry:  ISM-Based Approach
Authors: Khatua Sonali , Dash Manoranjan , Mishra Padma Charan , Mohanty Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2024

While human resource management (HRM) elements concerning the expansive mining industry have been acknowledged, they still need to be explored. This paper presents a novel and strategic endeavour to construct a benchmark model linking HRM elements specific to the large mining industry. Drawing from an extensive literature review, crucial HRM elements pertinent to the mineral industry are systematically identified and thoroughly examined. The study utilises the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) technique within the context of major Indian mining industries to unveil latent relationships among these HRM-related elements. Through six-phased interactions, a foundational model is established, illuminating these relationships. The findings are poised to positively impact the mining industry, contributing to enhanced system sustainability. Furthermore, this paper represents a pioneering effort as the first research to elucidate the relationship model of HRM elements within the mining industry. It encourages HRM researchers to delve further into the mining industry to address its challenges. This research serves as a foundational study and provides a platform for further investigations by HRM experts, researchers and field personnel, enabling a multifaceted exploration of HRM perspectives.
Racial Economic Segregation across U.S. Public Schools, 1991–2022
Authors: Jang Heewon
Published: October 2024

Despite its substantive importance as the strongest predictor of racial achievement gaps, racial economic segregation has been understudied in the previous literature on segregation. This paper describes trends in racial economic segregation over the last three decades and decomposes these trends into different geographic scales (e.g., between-state, between-district, and within-district segregation). Racial economic segregation has decreased since the late 1990s, yet Black students are still considerably isolated in schools with higher poverty rates. Between-district segregation has been the largest component of racial economic segregation, whereas within-district segregation has grown steadily during the last three decades. Findings from this study suggest the imperativeness of interdistrict policy remedies while also highlighting intradistrict policy needs for promoting student diversity across schools in the district.
Can regionalization enhance the performance of land-use change models in rapidly urbanizing areas?
Authors: Cruz-Bello Gustavo Manuel , Romero-Sánchez Martín Enrique , Galeana-Pizaña José Mauricio
Published: October 2024

The performance of Land Use Change (LUC) models is influenced by the regional spatial characteristics that trigger the changes. However, the literature on LUC models generally reports validation results for entire regions without considering subregions that differ significantly in their LUC drivers. This research explores how the LUC driving forces differ among subregions and whether regionalization can improve the performance of LUC models in areas undergoing rapid urbanization. We analyzed the Geomod, Cellular Automata-Markov, and Land Change Modeler models across rural and urbanized subregions on the western edge of Mexico City. Regionalization significantly enhanced the overall accuracy of the models and the concordance of spatial patterns with the reference data in rural regions but was of limited benefit in urbanized regions. This shows the need to consider regionalized modeling to improve the performance of LUC models when there are noticeable differences in LUC drivers between subregions. These findings will enhance the usefulness of LUC models for urban planning and land management policies, promoting more precise and effective decision-making.
Development of a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model, sensitivity analysis, and addressing barriers to additive manufacturing implementation in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
Authors: Sharma Vikrant , Bhanti Prateek , Paliwal Mukul K
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining popularity worldwide due to its potential to revolutionize manufacturing processes, improve product customization, and reduce waste. Nevertheless, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) encounter major challenges when implementing AM technologies. The objective of this research is to utilize the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to identify and prioritize the critical challenges that impede the implementation of AM for SMEs. The study employs a two-stage methodology. First, a thorough literature review and expert discussions identify 15 major barriers to AM adoption. Second, a systematic model is proposed to establish a ranking of these barriers, which is based on the FAHP. The results are validated using sensitivity analysis to ensure the robustness of the findings. Additionally, potential solutions to overcome these barriers are discussed. The research indicates that the two most significant barriers for SMEs are the high costs of equipment and the scarcity of skilled designers. The model that has been presented is a valuable resource for SME managers and practitioners, as it allows them to make strategic and informed decisions that facilitate the efficient implementation of AM. This research is groundbreaking in its comprehensive analysis of the prioritization and ranking of AM implementation barriers, with a particular emphasis on SMEs. It offers essential insights for future research and practical applications.
Management of a Dual Low Sodium and Diabetic Diet by Patient-Caregiver Dyads: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: DeNotto Leigh Anne , Chung Misook L. , Key Kaitlin Voigts , Mudd-Martin Gia
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to explore factors surrounding management of simultaneous dietary recommendations for heart failure and type 2 diabetes among patient-caregiver dyads.

Methods

Qualitative description was used to explore dyad experiences managing a dual diet. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with a concurrent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and heart failure and their family caregiver. Each 60-minute interview was conducted virtually. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted with coding used for themes at dyadic-and individual levels.

Results

Twelve patient-caregiver dyads (N = 24) were interviewed. The mean age was 57 years (±15 years). Most participants were white (75%); patients were predominantly male, and caregivers were predominantly female (83.3% for both). Dyadic-level themes that emerged included factors that influence simultaneous management of dual diet recommendations. Themes included shared barriers, facilitators, motivators, and strategies for dual diet management. Individual-level themes discussed by patients were barriers and motivators to dual diet management, and caregivers discussed barriers to supporting dual diet management.

Conclusions

Findings from the study highlight that patients and caregivers often work together and share similar barriers, facilitators, motivators, and strategies for adhering to a dual diet. The results provide insight into chronic disease management at the family level and can guide health care providers’ efforts to promote family involvement with dietary recommendations for patients with multiple comorbidities.
You’ll never seek alone: The impact of active labour market policies on finding a job
Authors: Arranz José María , García-Serrano Carlos
Published: October 2024

Using the administrative records of the Spanish Public Employment Service for the period 2018–2019, we analysed the impact of participation in job search assistance and training programmes on the chances of unemployed jobseekers finding employment, as well as the quality of the job obtained. Propensity score matching techniques were used to evaluate the effectiveness of these programmes. We found that participation exerted a positive and significant differential effect on the probability of transition from unemployment to employment and on the probability of finding a job of intermediate quality compared to non-participation. This positive impact was largely due to the effect of training programmes, the magnitude of which persisted even as the period elapsed between participation and exit towards employment increased, whereas job search assistance was less effective over time. The positive influence of participation appeared to be more intense for specific socioeconomic groups.
Under the name of “Lua”: revisiting genetic heterogeneity and population ancestry of Austroasiatic speakers in northern Thailand through genomic analysis
Authors: Kampuansai Jatupol , Seetaraso Tanapon , Dansawan Maneesawan , Sathupak Suwapat , Kutanan Wibhu , Srikummool Metawee , Inta Angkana
Published: October 2024

Background

Austroasiatic (AA)-speaking populations in northern Thailand are of significant interest due to their status as indigenous descendants and their location at the crossroads of AA prehistoric distribution across Southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, and Mainland Southeast Asia. However, the complexity of ethnic identification can result in inaccuracies regarding the origin and migration history of these populations. To address this, we have conducted a genome-wide SNP analysis of 89 individuals from two Lavue and three Lwa-endonym populations. We then combined our outcomes with previously published data to elucidate the genetic diversity and clustering of AA groups in northern Thailand.

Results

Our findings align with existing linguistic classifications, revealing different genetic compositions among the three branches of the Mon-Khmer subfamily within the AA family: Monic, Khmuic, and Palaungic. Although the term “Lua” ethnicity is confusingly used to identify ethnic groups belonging to both Khmuic and Palaungic branches, our genomic data indicate that the Khmuic-speaking Lua living on the eastern side of the region are relatively distant from the Palaungic-speaking Lavue and Lwa populations living on the western side. The Lavue populations, primarily inhabiting mountainous areas, exhibit a genetic makeup unique to the AA family, with a close genetic relationship to the Karenic subgroup of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Conversely, the Lwa and Blang populations, residing in lowland river valleys, display genetic signatures resulting from admixture with Tai-Kadai-speaking ethnic groups.

Conclusion

Utilizing genome-wide SNP markers, our findings indicate genetic heterogeneity among the Lua, Lavue, and Lwa ethnic groups. The intricate interplay of genetics, cultural heritage, and historical influences has shaped these ethnic communities. Our study underscores the importance of accurate ethnic classifications, emphasizing the use of self-identified endonyms, names created and used by the ethnic groups themselves. This approach respects the AA communities in northern Thailand and acknowledges their significant contributions to advancing our understanding of genetic anthropology.
Residual transmission of HIV infection from mother to child in the Atlantic and littoral departments in Benin
Authors: Dagba Gbessin Edwige Hermione , Sina Haziz , Keke René Kpemahouton , Gomgnimbou Michel Kiréopori , Afangnihoun Aldric , Bachabi Moussa , Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: October 2024

Background

The implementation of the WHO’s 2015 recommendations in Benin, requires an assessment of the progress made over time in preventing the transmission of the infection to exposed-infants, and the identification of its determinants.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of HIV-1 exposed-infants who underwent PCR between the 6th and 8th weeks of life. Early diagnostic tests were performed using the Abbott m2000 RealTime platform. Comparison of proportions tests (analysis of the significance of the difference in prevalence) with an error threshold of 5% were used to assess the determinants of the transmission. Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software, version 4.1.3.0.

Results

A total of 5,312 infants benefited from early diagnosis by PCR between 2016 and 2021. Among them, 52% are males, tritherapy before pregnancy was the majority treatment used by mothers (30.6%) and monotherapy that of newborns (70%). Mixed breastfeeding is the feeding method with the highest prevalence. The overall transmission rate was 3.4% over the six years. The highest prevalence was achieved in 2018 (4.2%) and the lowest in 2021 (2.7%). The prevalence was lower when mothers were on tritherapy before pregnancy. The determinants of transmission were: mixed breastfeeding, lack of treatment in mothers (22.4%), lack of treatment in infants (19.7%), undefined treatments or absence of treatment in the mother-child pair.

Conclusion

This study shows the contribution over time of the PMTCT program to reducing HIV transmission among exposed-infants and also underlines the need for proper conduct of treatment in any women of childbearing age.
The global burden of erectile dysfunction and its associated risk factors in diabetic patients: an umbrella reviews
Authors: kitaw Tegene Atamenta , Abate Biruk Beletew , Tilahun Befkad Derese , Yilak Gizachew , Rede Moges Beriye , Getie Addisu , Haile Ribka Nigatu
Published: October 2024

Background

Erectile dysfunction is no longer a whisper in the shadows; it’s a rising tide threatening the sexual health of millions of men in different regions. In the cases of diabetes, the condition worsens and has a potent cocktail of physical and psychological distress, chipping away at men’s confidence, self-esteem, and mental health. This worrying trend shows no signs of slowing down, with projections claiming a staggering 322 million men globally could be affected in the near future. This urgent issue demands immediate attention and action. Thus, this umbrella review intended to estimate the current burden of erectile dysfunction and associated risk factors among diabetic patients in the global context.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched for relevant studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar. These studies reported the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and associated risk factors in diabetic patients. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 tool. To estimate the pooled prevalence of erectile dysfunction, we employed a weighted inverse variance random-effects model. We further conducted subgroup analyses, assessed heterogeneity and publication bias, and performed sensitivity analyses to strengthen the robustness of our findings. Prediction intervals were also calculated to estimate the range within which future observations will likely fall. In all statistical analyses, the statistical significance was declared at P- value < 0.05.

Results

In this umbrella review, a total of 108 030 male diabetic patients were included to estimate the global prevalence of erectile dysfunction. The pooled global prevalence of erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients was 65.8% (95CI: 58.3 − 73.3%), while In Africa it was 62.9% (95CI: 46.1–79.7). Age (> 40 years) (AOR = 1.95, 95CI: 1.03–3.24), DM duration (> 10years) (AOR = 1.90,95CI: 1.16–2.65), peripheral vascular disease (AOR = 2.74, 95CI: 1.42–4.06) and BMI (> 30 kg/m2) (AOR = 1.07,95CI: 1.01–1.20) were identified as associated risk factors of erectile dysfunction in diabetic patient.

Conclusion

The high global prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in diabetic patients is alarming, with an estimated two-thirds experiencing the condition. These findings underscore the significant burden of ED faced by diabetic men and emphasize the urgent need for global attention to the issue. This includes promoting early screening for erectile dysfunction in this population and ensuring access to appropriate treatment and support.
Denture microbiome shift and changes of salivary inflammatory markers following insertion of 3D printed removable partial PMMA denture: a pilot study
Authors: Yacob Norlela , Safii Syarida Hasnur , Ahmad Norasmatul Akma , Yunus Norsiah , Razak Fathilah Abdul
Published: October 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiome shift of denture biofilm formation, the incidence of Candida and changes of salivary inflammatory markers following insertion of 3-dimensional printed PMMA denture.

Methods

This was a pilot study of 6 patients provided with 3D printed (test group) or conventionally heat-cured (control group) removable partial acrylic dentures followed up for 6 weeks. 3 denture swabs were collected at week 1, 3 and 6; and saliva samples were collected at baseline, week 1, 3 and 6 following denture insertion. Microbial DNA was isolated, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced to assess the denture microbiota. The presence of Candida was determined using PCR assay. The levels of salivary biomarkers lactoferrin (LTF) and histatin (HTN) were determined using ELISA.

Results

Denture microbiome of both groups exhibited similar microbial compositions at weeks 1, 3 and 6. However, the percentage of Streptococcus in the test group was significantly lower at week 1 (p < 0.05). Greater bacterial diversity was detected in the test group (p < 0.05; pairwise Wilcoxon) after 6 weeks. The presence of Candida was only detected in one sample of the 3D printed denture (test group) after 6 weeks. The level of LTF biomarkers increased in both groups after 6 weeks, however, the level of HTN increased only in the control group.

Conclusions

Denture microbiome of both groups demonstrated similar microbial compositions. After 6 weeks, 3D printed denture demonstrated higher diversity with delayed microbiome shift compared to conventional heat cure dentures. 3D printed denture may be a viable alternative to conventional denture and it has a potential to delay microbial dysbiosis.

Clinical Relevance

Among wearers, 3D printed denture can potentially reduce the risk of denture stomatitis. A greater diversity may delay or slow the transition of denture microbiome to dysbiosis.