bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The teacher as coach: An innovative, longitudinal training for (bio)medical educators
Authors: van Ede Annelies E. , Claessen Roy , van Gils Merel , van Hoogstraten Caroline , van den Berg Ineke , van Gurp Petra J. M.
Published: February 2023

Background

In order to be impactful, to support students to become resilient, adaptive, and collaborative lifelong learning professionals in an ever‐changing environment requires the teachers to have a specific set of skills and abilities. Teachers who are not taught these competencies struggle empirically and cannot coach students effectively in the modern professional world.

Approach

We developed a longitudinal programme for teachers, combining theory and skills training, and performed nine half‐day hands‐on training modules on campus. Special attention was paid to a common frame of mind, coaching techniques, and dealing with students' emotions and resistance.

Evaluation

All 16 participating teachers indicated their learning goals beforehand and their learning outcomes afterwards. Before and after finishing the course, participants completed a questionnaire in which they evaluated their own evolving coaching competencies. In the next academic year, students of both participants and non‐participants evaluated their teachers' coaching competencies. Participants experienced the added value of coaching and understood how to coach. They reported being able to focus on fostering the student's development instead of being knowledge‐transferring and advising mentors. Students recognised that coaching teachers (participants) provided less advice and focused more on students' responsibility.

Implications

To prepare teachers for coaching students in their professional development, early investment is recommended. A dedicated coach training programme, as outlined by us, can facilitate and stimulate the desired transition from a role‐modelling, knowledge‐transferring academic teacher, mentor, or adviser to a professional development coaching teacher. When translating to other curricula, we recommend to take into account the adaptation of generic content in the local learning environment.
A digital geometry on the tetrakis square tiling—Distance and coarsening
Authors: Nagy Benedek
Published: February 2023

There are various tessellations of the plane, including three regular and eight semi‐regular tilings. The square grid is self‐dual, and the hexagonal and triangular tilings are dual to each other. The semi‐regular tessellations are based on more than one type of regular tiles, while their dual tilings are based on a sole but not a regular tile. In various applications, including Geographical Information Systems, it is worth considering non‐regular grids instead of the most used square grid. In this article, we are interested in the dual of the semi‐regular truncated quadrille tiling, T(8,8,4), which is also known as the Khalimsky grid due to its connectedness structure. In our grid, which is called the tetrakis square or kisquadrille tiling, while it is denoted by D(8,8,4), we consider the right‐angled triangle regions of the usual two‐dimensional Khalimsky graph as tiles/pixels. We give an easy‐to‐use coordinate frame addressing the triangles of all the four different orientations. Neighbor relations are described mathematically based on this frame. Based on the shortest path algorithm, a closed formula is proven to compute the digital, that is, path‐based distance on this grid. Some properties of the distance function have also been studied. Hierarchical coarsening is a frequently used technique both in Geometric and Geographical Information Systems to rescale some parts of the map. The tetrakis square grid is apt for hierarchical coarsening, and thus, it can easily be used in image compression and multigrid and other related methods.
Informal provability and dialetheism
Authors: Pawlowski Pawel , Urbaniak Rafal
Published: February 2023

According to the dialetheist argument from the inconsistency of informal mathematics, the informal version of the Gödelian argument leads us to a true contradiction. On one hand, the dialetheist argues, we can prove that there is a mathematical claim that is neither provable nor refutable in informal mathematics. On the other, the proof of its unprovability is given in informal mathematics and proves that very sentence. We argue that the argument fails, because it relies on the unjustified and unlikely assumption that the informal Gödel sentence is informally provable.
ATM‐mediated double‐strand break repair is required for meiotic genome stability at high temperature
Authors: Zhao Jiayi , Gui Xin , Ren Ziming , Fu Huiqi , Yang Chao , Wang Wenyi , Liu Qingpei , Zhang Min , Wang Chong , Schnittger Arp , Liu Bing
Published: February 2023

In eukaryotes, meiotic recombination maintains genome stability and creates genetic diversity. The conserved Ataxia‐Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) kinase regulates multiple processes in meiotic homologous recombination, including DNA double‐strand break (DSB) formation and repair, synaptonemal complex organization, and crossover formation and distribution. However, its function in plant meiotic recombination under stressful environmental conditions remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that ATM is required for the maintenance of meiotic genome stability under heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using cytogenetic approaches we determined that ATM does not mediate reduced DSB formation but does ensure successful DSB repair, and thus meiotic chromosome integrity, under heat stress. Further genetic analysis suggested that ATM mediates DSB repair at high temperature by acting downstream of the MRE11–RAD50–NBS1 (MRN) complex, and acts in a RAD51‐independent but chromosome axis‐dependent manner. This study extends our understanding on the role of ATM in DSB repair and the protection of genome stability in plants under high temperature stress.
Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi infected Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with local Lyme disease transmission in Nebraska, USA, 2021
Authors: Hamik Jeff , Bourret Travis J. , Smith Halie , Herman Molly , Birn Rachael , Dawdy Tammy , Zuffante Mona J. , Donahue Matthew A.
Published: February 2023

In August 2021, the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services was notified by a local public health department of a cluster of two Lyme disease cases in patients with local exposure to wooded areas in a county located in their jurisdiction. Epidemiological investigations revealed that the two patients had similar symptom onset dates and had likely exposure to ticks at wooded sites located directly adjacent to one another. Two environmental investigations were completed in October 2021 and consisted of tick surveys at the patients' reported sites of tick exposure. 12 ticks were collected across the two surveys and identified the black‐legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). During subsequent testing of the collected ticks, spirochete bacteria were isolated, cultured and confirmed as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by PCR. In total, 7 of 12 (58.3%) I. scapularis ticks tested positive for B. burgdorferi s.s. The results of this study document the fourth known established population of I. scapularis in Nebraska and confirms the first detection of B. burgdorferi s.s. in field collected ticks from Nebraska. The epidemiological and environmental investigation data provide the first evidence for local Lyme disease transmission occurring within Nebraska. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance of I. scapularis and its associated pathogens in Nebraska to further characterize human risk and monitor emergence into other areas of the state.
Free Vibration Analysis of Thin-Walled Beams Using Two-Phase Local–Nonlocal Constitutive Model
Authors: Gökhan Günay M.
Published: February 2023

A mathematical model is developed based on the thin-walled beams theory for free vibration analysis of nano/micro scale beams having nonlocal properties and arbitrary cross sections. Constitutive relations are defined by using two-phase local–nonlocal constitutive formulation. Equations of motion are derived by use of Hamilton‘s principle. Both the local and nonlocal part of the model is solved by the displacement-based finite element method. Numerical results are obtained and examined for nonlocal box beams and collapsed carbon nanotubes. In general, it is observed that the natural frequency decreases by increasing the nonlocal parameter or the volume fraction of the nonlocal part.
Optimal Minimum Velocity Threshold to Estimate the 1-Repetition Maximum: The Case of the Smith Machine Bench Press Exercise
Authors: García-Ramos Amador
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To compare the accuracy in the estimation of the Smith machine bench press 1-repetition maximum (1RM) when using a novel minimum velocity threshold (MVT) called optimal MVT (MVT that minimizes the differences between the actual and predicted 1RM in a preliminary session) with respect to using the 2 standard MVTs (general and individual MVTs). Methods: A total of 126 young men (Smith machine bench press 1RM = 80.7 [13.6] kg) completed 2 identical sessions consisting of an incremental loading test until reaching the 1RM load. Four individual load–velocity relationships were modeled in each session considering all loading conditions until reaching the load that showed the closest mean velocity to 0.60, 0.50, 0.40, and 0.30 m·s−1. The first testing session was used to determine the preindividual MVT and 4 optimal MVTs (1 for each final test velocity), while the second testing session was used to estimate the 1RM using 4 types of MVT (general MVT, preindividual MVT, actual-individual MVT, and optimal MVT). Results: The absolute errors in the prediction of the 1RM were significantly lower for the optimal MVT (2.94 [2.40] kg) compared to the general MVT (3.66 [2.99] kg), preindividual MVT (3.80 [3.15] kg), and actual-individual MVT (4.02 [3.21] kg). The optimal MVT (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ranged from .56 to .62) was always more reliable than the individual MVT (ICC = .34). Conclusions: The optimal MVT provides more accurate estimates of the Smith machine bench press 1RM than the standard MVTs previously used in scientific research (general and individual MVTs).
Computerized Cognitive Function Does Not Correlate With Choice Reaction Time During a Hopping Task
Authors: Porter Ke’La H. , Morelli Nathan , Heebner Nicholas R. , Wilson Jenna , Parks Allison M. , Han Dong Y. , Hoch Matthew C.
Published: February 2023

Context: Cognitive performance has been shown to be associated with musculoskeletal injury risk. Cognitive assessments are often administered in controlled environments despite sport settings challenging cognition in uncontrolled, less predictable environments. Cognitive assessments should be representative of sport demands; thus, integrating motor with cognitive assessments may be more clinically relevant. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between tablet-based cognitive tests and choice reaction time during a hopping task. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: A total of 20 healthy participants volunteered to participate. Participants completed 3 tablet-based cognitive assessments. Average raw response time and fully corrected scores were used for analysis. In addition, participants completed a choice reaction hopping task to capture neuromuscular–cognitive reaction time. Participants completed a forward hop over a hurdle, landing on a single limb. Light sensors were utilized for the choice reaction component to capture reaction time in seconds, cue them when to hop, and indicate the landing limb. The relationship between the tablet-based cognitive assessments and reaction time during a hopping task was examined with Pearson correlations (α = .05). Results: The choice reaction time from the hop task had a negligible correlation (r = −.20−.07) to the fully corrected tablet-based cognitive tests. The choice reaction time from the hop task had a negligible correlation (r = .02) to the average response time of the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test and a low correlation (r = .34−.36) to the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test and Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test. Conclusions: This study determined that tablet-based cognitive assessments had trivial relationships to choice reaction time during a hopping task. This research has implications as clinicians aim to evaluate and analyze cognitive performance. Although reaction time was a critical component of all the assessments in this study, an individual’s performance on a tablet-based assessment does not indicate performance during a functional reaction time assessment.
Antiviral Activity of
trans
-Hexenoic Acid against Coxsackievirus B and Enterovirus A71
Authors: Olasunkanmi Oluwatayo Israel , Fei Yanru , Avala Ntsigouaye Juval , Yi Ming , Wang Yao , Liu Jinchang , Cheng Weixu , Megeto James , Bashir Tahira , Chen Yang , Xu Weizhen , Lin Lexun , Zhao Wenran , Wang Yan , Zhong Zhaohua
Published: February 2023

Enterovirus infections are life-threatening viral infections which occur mainly among children and are possible causes of viral outbreak. Until now, treatment and management of infections caused by members of the genus
Enterovirus
largely depended on supportive care, and no antiviral medications are currently approved for the treatment of most of these infections.
What Do You Find Beautiful about Viruses? A Post-COVID Assessment Strategy
Authors: Chen Stefanie H.
Published: February 2023

In the age of an ongoing pandemic and the ungrading movement, many instructors have been taking a closer look at their assessment methods. Assessment in science courses typically focuses heavily on checking understanding of underlying vocabulary and processes rather than highlighting an emotional connection to the material.
Modulation of Capsid Dynamics in Bromoviruses by the Host and Heterologous Viral Replicase
Authors: Chakravarty Antara , Rao A. L. N.
Published: February 2023

Infectious virus particles or virions are considered static structures and undergo various conformational transitions to replicate and infect many eukaryotic cells. In viruses, conformational changes are essential for establishing infection and evolution.
PRMT5 Facilitates Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Replication through Arginine Methylation of VP1
Authors: Hu Xifeng , Chen Zheng , Wu Xiangdong , Fu Qiuling , Chen Zhen , Huang Yu , Wu Huansheng
Published: February 2023

Post-translational modification of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) VP1 is important for the regulation of its polymerase activity. Investigation of the significance of specific modification of VP1 can lead to better understanding of viral replication and can probably also help in identifying novel targets for antiviral compounds.
High-Throughput Neutralization and Serology Assays Reveal Correlated but Highly Variable Humoral Immune Responses in a Large Population of Individuals Infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the US between March and August 2020
Authors: Zhang Shuting , Ma Peijun , Orzechowski Marek , Lemmer Allison , Rzasa Kara , Bagnall Josephine , Barkho Sulyman , Chen Michael , He Lorri , Neitupski Raymond , Tran Victoria , Ackerman Ross , Gath Emily , Bond Austin , Frongillo Giana , Cleland Thomas , Golas Aaron , Gaca Anthony , Fitzgerald Michael , Kelly Kathleen , Hazegh Kelsey , Dumont Larry , Hoffman Corey , Homer Mary , Marks Peter , Woolley Ann , Wong Sharon , Gomez James , Livny Jonathan , Hung Deborah
Published: February 2023

The ability to directly measure neutralizing antibodies on live SARS-CoV-2 virus in individuals can play an important role in understanding the efficacy of therapeutic interventions or vaccines. In contrast to functional neutralization assays, serological assays only quantify the presence of antibodies as a proxy of immune protection.
The Slowdown of Growth Rate Controls the Single-Cell Distribution of Biofilm Matrix Production via an SinI-SinR-SlrR Network
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Zarazúa-Osorio Brenda , Srivastava Priyanka , Fujita Masaya , Igoshin Oleg A.
Published: February 2023

The mechanisms of cell-fate decisions are fundamental to our understanding of multicellular organisms and bacterial communities. However, even for the best-studied model systems we still lack a complete picture of how phenotypic heterogeneity of genetically identical cells is controlled.
In Vitro
Analysis of Bacterial Microcompartments and Shell Protein Superstructures by Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Trettel Daniel S. , Winkler Wade C.
Published: February 2023

Microcompartments are large, organelle-like structures that help bacteria catabolize targeted metabolites while also protecting the cytosol against highly reactive metabolic intermediates. Their protein shell self-assembles into a polyhedral structure of approximately 100 to 200 nm in diameter.
Differential Effects of
Rhodococcus equi
Virulence-Associated Proteins on Macrophages and Artificial Lipid Membranes
Authors: Hansen Philipp , Haubenthal Thomas , Reiter Caroline , Kniewel Jana , Bosse-Plois Karla , Niemann Hartmut H. , von Bargen Kristine , Haas Albert
Published: February 2023

Rhodococcus equi
is a major cause of life-threatening pneumonia in foals and occasionally in immunocompromised persons. Virulence-associated protein A (VapA) promotes
R. equi
multiplication in lung macrophages, which are the major host cells during foal infection.
Genomic Epidemiology and Phenotypic Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from a Tertiary Hospital in Tianjin Municipality, Northern China
Authors: Liu Lu , Peng Huagang , Zhang Naan , Li Mengyang , Chen Zhaozhe , Shang Weilong , Hu Zhen , Wang Yuting , Yang Yi , Wang Dongmei , Hu Qiwen , Rao Xiancai
Published: February 2023

Staphylococcus aureus
is an important bacterium pathogen in tertiary hospitals, which provide rich medical resources. Tianjin is one of the four municipalities in China with a population of more than 13 million.
Rapid Detection of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli
Authors: Ortiz de la Rosa José Manuel , Rodríguez-Villodres Ángel , Gimeno Gascón María Adelina , Martín-Gutiérrez Guillermo , Cisneros José Miguel , Lepe José Antonio
Published: February 2023

TZP is an antibiotic widely used for the empirical treatment of severe infections such as bloodstream infections. However, resistance to TZP in
K. pneumoniae
and
E. coli
has been increasing in the last few years.
Erratum to: Expression of CASC8 RNA in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Burenina O. Y. , Lazarevich N. L. , Kustova I. F. , Zatsepin T. S. , Rubtsova M. P. , Dontsova O. A.
Published: February 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1607672955340012
Erratum to: The Variable CTCF Site from Drosophila melanogaster Ubx Gene is Redundant and Has no Insulator Activity
Authors: Ibragimov A. N. , Bylino O. V. , Kyrchanova O. V. , Shidlovskii Y. V. , White R. , Schedl P. , Georgiev P. G.
Published: February 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1607672955340024
Interim prosthesis design and socket preservation for a non-salvageable traumatic injury in a young adult: a minimalistic approach to traumatic injuries in children
Authors: Kaur Kanwardeep
Published: February 2023

Long-term prognosis of complicated traumatic injuries depends on precise treatment planning. Establishing a balance between a patient’s age, prognosis, financial hurdles, and treatment needs is challenging. This case highlights the need for meticulous and realistic treatment planning to achieve long-term favourable outcomes in traumatic injuries in young adults.

A young child sustained a traumatic injury that caused avulsion of #21 and intrusion along with palatal luxation of #11. The child reported to the dental clinic with intraoral swelling and pain a week after the injury. Socket preservation was done so that uniform bone contour could be achieved for implant placement at a later stage. We modified a ‘Hollywood appliance’ as an interim prosthesis to ensure that the ridge was not immediately loaded where socket preservation was done.

After a follow-up of 3 years, there is significant bone deposition and the child is satisfied with aesthetics.
Combined rhegmatogenous and tractional retinal detachment in a child with incontinentia pigmenti managed by scleral imbrication with scleral buckle
Authors: Belenje Akash , Jalali Subhadra
Published: February 2023

We report for the first time a child with incontinentia pigmenti presenting with acute-onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in association with pre-existing tractional retinal detachment. Due to the combined nature of this detachment, complex vector forces acting on the retina makes this a difficult to treat situation. A single surgery of modified scleral imbrication with scleral buckle was effective in reattaching the retina by providing a very high buckle indent to accommodate all the complex vector forces. Commonly used procedure of vitrectomy and silicone oil usage was avoided as that often requires multiple surgeries and may result in variable and unpredictable response.
Cerebellar haemorrhage triggered by allergic reaction to maintenance haemodialysis in a patient with eosinophilia
Authors: Seki Yumika , Ishioka Hirotaka , Miyazaki Mariko , Okamoto Koji
Published: February 2023

We report a case of eosinophilia and an allergic reaction that caused a cerebellar haemorrhage.

An woman in her 80s presented with headache, dyspnoea and vomiting with severe hypotension soon after switching the dialysis membrane, and a CT scan revealed cerebellar haemorrhage. In the subsequent clinical course, the patient developed an allergic reaction to multiple membranes and required corticosteroids to continue haemodialysis (HD). Pre-existing eosinophilia is a risk factor for cerebral infarctions and dialysis membrane allergy, which is a common feature in patients undergoing HD. Membrane switching and corticosteroid therapy must be considered in case of multiple membrane allergies.
Sympathetic nervous system activity is associated with choroidal thickness and axial length in school-aged children
Authors: Lin Senlin , Zhu Bijun , Wang Ting , Wang Hong , Xu Xian , Wang Shanshan , Yin Yao , Xiang Zhaoyu , Qian Yu , Zhang Zhang , Cui Lipu , Zou Haidong , He Xiangui , Zhu Jianfeng , Ma Yingyan
Published: February 2023

Background/aims

We aim to explore the effect of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on choroid thickness (ChT) and axial length (AL).

Methods

Students of grade 2 and 3 from a primary school were included and followed for 1 year. Visual acuity, refraction, AL and ChT were measured. Morning urine samples were collected for determining SNS activity by analysing concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The most important factor (factor 1) was calculated using factor analysis to comprehensively indicate the SNS activity.

Results

A total of 273 students were included, with an average age of 7.77±0.69 years, and 150 (54.95%) were boys. Every 1 µg/L increase in epinephrine is associated with 1.60 µm (95% CI 0.30 to 2.90, p=0.02) decrease in average ChT. Every 1 µg/L increase in norepinephrine is associated with 0.53 µm (95% CI 0.08 to 0.98, p=0.02) decrease in the ChT in inner-superior region. The factor 1 was negatively correlated with the ChT in the superior regions. Every 1 µg/L increase in norepinephrine was associated with 0.002 mm (95% CI 0.0004 to 0.004, p=0.016) quicker AL elongation. The factor 1 was positively correlated with AL elongation (coefficient=0.037, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.070, p=0.023).

Conclusions

We hypothesised that chronic stress characterised by elevated level of the SNS, was associated with significant increase in AL elongation, probably through thinning of the choroid.
Sex differences in cardiovascular complications and mortality in hospital patients with covid-19: registry based observational study
Authors: Hockham Carinna , Linschoten Marijke , Asselbergs Folkert W , Ghossein Chahinda , Woodward Mark , Peters Sanne A E
Published: February 2023

Objective

To assess whether the risk of cardiovascular complications of covid-19 differ between the sexes and to determine whether any sex differences in risk are reduced in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.

Design

Registry based observational study.

Setting

74 hospitals across 13 countries (eight European) participating in CAPACITY-COVID (Cardiac complicAtions in Patients With SARS Corona vIrus 2 regisTrY), from March 2020 to May 2021

Participants

All adults (aged ≥18 years), predominantly European, admitted to hospital with highly suspected covid-19 disease or covid-19 disease confirmed by positive laboratory test results (n=11 167 patients).

Main outcome measures

Any cardiovascular complication during admission to hospital. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and individual cardiovascular complications with ≥20 events for each sex. Logistic regression was used to examine sex differences in the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, overall and grouped by pre-existing cardiovascular disease.

Results

Of 11 167 adults (median age 68 years, 40% female participants) included, 3423 (36% of whom were female participants) had pre-existing cardiovascular disease. In both sexes, the most common cardiovascular complications were supraventricular tachycardias (4% of female participants, 6% of male participants), pulmonary embolism (3% and 5%), and heart failure (decompensated or de novo) (2% in both sexes). After adjusting for age, ethnic group, pre-existing cardiovascular disease, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, female individuals were less likely than male individuals to have a cardiovascular complication (odds ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.80) or die (0.65, 0.59 to 0.72). Differences between the sexes were not modified by pre-existing cardiovascular disease; for the primary outcome, the female-to-male ratio of the odds ratio in those without, compared with those with, pre-existing cardiovascular disease was 0.84 (0.67 to 1.07).

Conclusions

In patients admitted to hospital for covid-19, female participants were less likely than male participants to have a cardiovascular complication. The differences between the sexes could not be attributed to the lower prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular disease in female individuals. The reasons for this advantage in female individuals requires further research.
Prevalence, outcomes and costs of a contemporary, multinational population with heart failure
Authors: Norhammar Anna , Bodegard Johan , Vanderheyden Marc , Tangri Navdeep , Karasik Avraham , Maggioni Aldo Pietro , Sveen Kari Anne , Taveira-Gomes Tiago , Botana Manuel , Hunziker Lukas , Thuresson Marcus , Banerjee Amitava , Sundström Johan , Bollmann Andreas
Published: February 2023

Objective

Digital healthcare systems could provide insights into the global prevalence of heart failure (HF). We designed the CardioRenal and Metabolic disease (CaReMe) HF study to estimate the prevalence, key clinical adverse outcomes and costs of HF across 11 countries.

Methods

Individual level data from a contemporary cohort of 6 29 624 patients with diagnosed HF was obtained from digital healthcare systems in participating countries using a prespecified, common study plan, and summarised using a random effects meta-analysis. A broad definition of HF (any registered HF diagnosis) and a strict definition (history of hospitalisation for HF) were used. Event rates were reported per 100 patient years. Cumulative hospital care costs per patient were calculated for a period of up to 5 years.

Results

The prevalence of HF was 2.01% (95% CI 1.65 to 2.36) and 1.05% (0.85 to 1.25) according to the broad and strict definitions, respectively. In patients with HF (broad definition), mean age was 75.2 years (95% CI 74.0 to 76.4), 48.8% (40.9–56.8%) had ischaemic heart disease and 34.5% (29.4–39.6%) had diabetes. In 51 442 patients with a recorded ejection fraction (EF), 39.1% (30.3–47.8%) had a reduced, 18.8% (13.5–24.0%) had a mildly reduced and 42.1% (31.5–52.8%) had a preserved left ventricular EF. In 1 69 518 patients with recorded estimated glomerular filtration rate, 49% had chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages III–V. Event rates were highest for cardiorenal disease (HF or CKD) and all cause mortality (19.3 (95% CI 11.3 to 27.1) and 13.1 (11.1 to 15.1), respectively), and lower for myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral artery disease. Hospital care costs were highest for cardiorenal diseases.

Conclusions

We estimate that 1–2% of the contemporary adult population has HF. These individuals are at significant risk of adverse outcomes and associated costs, predominantly driven by hospitalisations for HF or CKD. There is considerable public health potential in understanding the contemporary burden of HF and the importance of optimising its management.
Multimodal CT imaging of ischemic stroke thrombi identifies scale-invariant radiomic features that reflect clot biology
Authors: Santo Briana A , Janbeh Sarayi Seyyed Mostafa Mousavi , McCall Andrew D , Monteiro Andre , Donnelly Brianna , Siddiqui Adnan H , Tutino Vincent M
Published: February 2023

Background

Biological interpretability of ischemic stroke clot imaging remains challenging.

Objective

To carry out paired CT/micro-CT imaging of ischemic stroke clots retrieved by thrombectomy with the aim of identifying interpretable image features that are correlated among pretreatment image modalities and post-treatment histopathology.

Methods

We performed multimodal CT imaging and histology for 10 stroke clots retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy. Clots were manually segmented from co-registered, pretreatment CT angiography (CTA) and non-contrast CT (NCCT). For the same cases, retrieved clots were iodine-stained, and imaged with a ScanCo micro-CT 100 (4.9 µm resolution). Afterwards, clots were subjected to histological processing (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and whole slide scanned (40X). Clot radiomic features (RFs) (n=93 per modality, 279 total) were extracted using PyRadiomics and histological composition was computed using Orbit Image Analysis. Correlation analysis was used to test associations between micro-CT and CTA (or NCCT) RFs as well as between RFs and histological composition. Statistical significance was considered at R≥0.65 and q<0.05.

Results

From paired RF correlation analysis, we identified 23 scale-invariant RFs with significant correlation between micro-CT and CTA (18), and micro-CT and NCCT (5). Correlation of unpaired RFs identified 377 positively and 36 negatively correlated RFs between micro-CT and CTA, and 168 positively and 41 negatively correlated RFs between micro-CT and NCCT. Scale-invariant RFs computed from CTA and NCCT demonstrated significant correlation with red blood cell and fibrin-platelet components, while micro-CT RFs were found to be correlated with white blood cell percent composition.

Conclusion

Multimodal CT, radiomic, and histological analysis of stroke clots can help to bridge the gap between pretreatment imaging and clot pathobiology.
The role of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 in the regulation of mitochondrial adaptation during skeletal muscle atrophy under denervation or calorie restriction in mice
Authors: Uemichi Kazuki , Shirai Takanaga , Matsuno Ryunosuke , Iwata Tomohiro , Tanimura Riku , Takemasa Tohru
Published: February 2023

Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a protein complex that regulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy. mTORC1-mediated signaling activities are activated during denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and suppressed during calorie restriction-induced atrophy. Mitochondria control the qualitative plasticity of skeletal muscles primarily through biogenesis, fusion, and fission. We recently showed that mTORC1 activation contributes toward mitochondrial homeostasis. In this study, we examined the role of mTORC1 in mitochondrial adaptation during denervation- or calorie restriction-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Seven-week-old Institute of Cancer Research mice were subjected to 14 days of denervation or calorie restriction combined with the administration of the mTORC1 inhibitor—“rapamycin”. Our results showed that although mTORC1 inhibition did not alter mitochondrial biogenesis, content and enzyme activity, it suppressed the activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a mitochondrial fission-related protein in denervated muscle, and reduced DRP1 expression in calorie-restricted muscle. Furthermore, calorie restriction-induced mitochondrial fragmentation was partially suppressed by mTORC1 inhibition. Taken together, our results indicate that mTORC1 activation upon denervation and inhibition upon calorie restriction contributes to qualitative changes in muscle plasticity by at least partially regulating the mitochondrial fission response.
Predicting reaction barriers in solid-state systems under stress via second-order energy expansion
Authors: Laverdure Laura , Mosey Nicholas
Published: February 2023

Solid-state transformations are important in many areas of science and technology. Herein, a model for predicting the relative energies of stationary points along the reaction pathways for stress-induced solid-state transformations is assessed and applied. The model is based on a second-order expansion of the energy of the system with respect to changes in the unit cell, and requires a small number of parameters that can be obtained through quantum chemical calculations. Comparison of the model with the results of quantum chemical calculations indicates that the model accurately reproduces changes in energy occurring during stress-induced transformations over a reasonable range of stresses. A procedure for applying the model to identify stress tensors that are most likely to promote a desired reaction is illustrated. The results also indicate that this procedure provides insight into the connection between the form of a stress tensor and the changes in energy occurring during a stress-induced solid-state transformation.
Research on gear fault diagnosis method based on SSA–VME–MOMEDA
Authors: Xiong Yangshou , Yan Zhixian , Huang Kang , Chen Huan
Published: February 2023

As a common mechanical part, gear is easy to be damaged because of its complex working environment, which can impact the running of the whole transmission device. Thus, it is very important to evaluate the health of gears in time. A gear fault diagnosis method based on multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted (MOMEDA) and variational modal extraction (VME) is proposed to solve the problem that the periodic fault features of gears are difficult to be completely extracted from signals. Meanwhile, sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is introduced to optimize the initial parameters of VME and MOMEDA. First, SSA serves to hunt for the best α of VME, VME serves to obtain the signal near the gear fault frequency, and then SSA serves to hunt for the best L and T values of MOMEDA, and MOMEDA serves to strengthen the gear impact features. Finally, the gear impact features are extracted by envelope spectrum. Simulation and experiment show that this method can extract gear fault components from noise effectively with good results.
Verification Column
Authors: Lazić Ranko
Published: February 2023

History determinism has led to several important insights and has been around for a number of years, however interest in the topic is recently and currently growing. Even if this article indeed becomes "out-of-date as soon as it is published", I am sure that it will remain useful as a gentle introduction. The pointers to open questions are especially valuable.
Experiences of Using Weighted Blankets among Children with ADHD and Sleeping Difficulties
Authors: Lönn Maria , Aili Katarina , Svedberg Petra , Nygren Jens , Jarbin Håkan , Larsson Ingrid
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Sleeping difficulties are common in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A sleep intervention with weighted blankets was designed to increase current understanding of using weighted blankets to target children’s individual needs in connection with sleep and daytime functioning. Aim. To explore how children with ADHD and sleeping difficulties experience the use of weighted blankets. Methods. An explorative qualitative design in which 26 children with ADHD and sleeping difficulties, 6–15 years old, were interviewed about a sleep intervention with weighted blankets. Four categories emerged from qualitative content analysis. Results. Children’s experiences revealed that the use of weighted blankets 1) requires a commitment, by adjusting according to needs and preferences and adapting to the environment; 2) improves emotional regulation by feeling calm and feeling safe; 3) changes sleeping patterns by creating new routines for sleep and improving sleep quality; and 4) promotes everyday participation by promoting daily function and balancing activity and sleep. Conclusions. Using weighted blankets promoted children’s management of daily life with ADHD and sleeping difficulties. Occupational therapists can improve the assessment and delivery of weighted blankets tailored to individual needs based on increased knowledge from the children themselves.
PNPLA3 148M/M Is More Susceptible to Palmitic Acid-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Chen Yunzhi , Yan Xuemei , Wang Tian , Deng Hongrong , Deng Xiaojie , Xu Fen , Liang Hua
Published: February 2023

Background. Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) is a major susceptibility gene for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its rs738409 (I148M) polymorphism is associated with the occurrence and progression of NAFLD. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related hepatocyte lipoapoptosis contributes to the progress of NAFLD. PNPLA3 is also known as a member of the calcium-independent phospholipase A2ε family, which can hydrolyze fatty acids to generate lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) that induces ER stress-related hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. Whether the PNPLA3 risk genotype 148M/M is involved in more severe ER stress-associated lipoapoptosis is unclear. Methods. A PNPLA3148I knock-in HepG2 cell model was constructed based on HepG2 expressing PNPLA3 148M/M using the Cas9/sgRNA system. PNPLA3 148M/M, I/M, and I/I cells were treated with 0.3 mM palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h to induce lipid deposition. Cellular lipid deposition was detected by oil red staining. Apoptosis was observed by TUNEL. LPC was determined by ELISA, and the expression of PNPLA3, the ER stress marker Bip, molecules involved in the ER stress PERK/elF-2a pathway, and its downstream C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)-mediated apoptotic pathway were detected by western blot. Results. The results showed no difference in PNPLA3 basal expression and basal hepatocyte lipid content between the three genotypes of cells. Lipid deposition and apoptosis were more severe in PNPLA3 148M/M and 148I/M cells than in I/I cells after PA treatment. PA-induced upregulation of protein expression of Bip, ER stress-responsive PERK pathway molecules p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, and CHOP-associated apoptotic molecules PUMA and Bax were more pronounced in PNPLA3 148M/M cells than in PNPLA3 148I/I cells. The basal LPC levels and the PA-treated increase of LPC levels in the cell culture supernatants did not differ between the three genotypic cells. Conclusion. PNPLA3 148M/M cells were more susceptible to PA-induced lipid deposition and ER stress-related apoptosis than 148I/I cells, and the proapoptotic susceptibility of PNPLA3 148M/M is independent of LPC.
Electrochemiluminescence Drug Sensor for Acetaminophen using Boron Nitride Quantum Dots as Ru(bpy)32+ Coreactant for Acetaminophen
Authors: Tong Xiyuan , Fang Fang , Li Zhuozhe , Qian Kun , Xu Yao , E Yifeng
Published: February 2023

Acetaminophen (AP) is a commonly used drug that has been detected in groundwater systems in many countries, and has received much attention from researchers in recent years due to its potential environmental impact. In this research, uniformly distributed boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) were prepared by a simple ultrasound-solvothermal method. Electrochemical luminescence (ECL) spectroscopy confirmed that BNQDs can act as an effective coreactant to create excellent efficiency in amplifying the ECL intensity of ruthenium-based ECL system. Based on the excited state of

Ru

bpy

3

2
+
∗

and the energy transfer quenching of AP oxidation products in the luminescent system, an AP concentration-quenched drug sensor was successfully constructed. For this sensor, a wide linear dynamic range and low detection limits (5.0 × 10−7−1.0 × 10−5 mol/L and 4.8 × 10−9 mol/L, respectively) were achieved. This ECL drug sensor has excellent performance in the accurate determination of AP content, relieving the stress of the previous AP detection process, and has good reproducibility and recovery in actual sample measurements.
Taguchi-Based Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Friction Process on Aluminum Alloy Reinforced with SiC Nanoparticles
Authors: Pushparaj J. Paulmar , Jeremiah R. , Solomon I. John , Ahamed Ali S. , Vindhya A. Shri , Jayabalan C. , De Poures Melvin Victor , Bayisa Abdeta Dereje
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, the aluminum metal matrix composites (AMCs) play an empirical role to improve the mechanical performance by various applications. Therefore, the secondary processes need to enhance the surface morphology of intermetallic phases with the appropriate reinforcing particles. In this research, Al7075- and ceramic-based nanosilicon carbide (SiC) were utilized to compose the metal matrix composites. These composites were subjected to friction welding for intermetallic surface modification with the various forging pressure and rotating speed. Initially, the AMCs were prepared with three (8–12) kinds of SiC weight proportions by the design of Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. As per the weight proportions, nine samples were prepared and then conducted the friction welding with 10–20 MPa of forge pressure and 1,650–2,050 rpm of rotational speed of spindle. Then, the entire nine specimens were allowed to conduct the tensile and microhardness test. During the mechanical test, the overall welded zone had higher mechanical properties than the base metal. Then, the artificial neural network was utilized to predict the output responses as per the designed concept of trial and error method. The overall predicted responses are nearly closed to the experimental values.
HAZMAT Vehicle Reidentification in Road Tunnels Based on the Fusion of Appearance and Spatiotemporal Information
Authors: Jia Lei , Li Xiaobao , Wang Wen , Wang Jianzhu , Yu Haomin , Wang Tianyuan , Li Qingyong
Published: February 2023

Vehicles transporting hazardous material (HAZMAT) pose a severe threat to highway safety, especially in road tunnels. Vehicle reidentification is essential for identifying and warning abnormal states of HAZMAT vehicles in road tunnels. However, there is still no public dataset for benchmarking this task. To this end, this work releases a real‐world tunnel HAZMAT vehicle reidentification dataset, VisInt‐THV‐ReID, including 10,048 images with 865 HAZMAT vehicles and their spatiotemporal information. A method based on multimodal information fusion is proposed to realize vehicle reidentification by fusing vehicle appearance and spatiotemporal information. We design a spatiotemporal similarity determination method for vehicles based on the spatiotemporal law of vehicles in tunnels. Compared with other reidentification methods based on multimodal information fusion, i.e., PROVID, Visual + ST, and Siamese‐CNN, experimental results show that our approach significantly improves the vehicle reidentification recognition precision.
A Case Study of Deep DNAPL Contamination in Marine Soft Clays
Authors: Gao Yanbin , Ji Wenqi , Li Tao
Published: February 2023

Aquifers in China’s southeast coastal areas are protected by the overlying marine soft clays formed in Holocene transgression. However, a fundamental understanding of the characteristics of DNAPL (dense nonaqueous phase liquid) contamination in marine soft clays is limited. The study was conducted on the site of a former pharmaceutical factory in Shanghai, where serious 1,1,2-trichloroethane (DNAPL) contamination was detected up to the depth of 22.0 m below the existing grade. Partitioning calculation method was used to identify the presence of pure phase, and the results showed that pure 1,1,2-trichloroethane was accumulated at the interface of the upper soft silty clay and lower soft clay. The vertical transport was believed to be the pure DNAPL displacing pore water following the principle of two-phase flow, rather than the convection and diffusion of aqueous phase. The contamination (NAPL-soil interaction) impacted the soil properties slightly, and this effect could not account for the deep contamination. Soil structure analysis showed that these clays contained a proportion of large interaggregate pores, providing pathways for the transport of pure DNAPL. Considering their flocculated structure, the marine soft clays are not capable to perform as a barrier to prevent the downward migration of pure DNAPL.
Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network for Disaster Management: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Junaid , Anees Tayyaba , Tariq Fatima , Shaheen Momina , Amjad Sabeen , Iftikhar Fareeha , Ahmad Faizan
Published: February 2023

The occurrence of any kind of natural disaster will eventually lead to the loss of life and property. Countries where such disasters occur make every effort to monitor such disasters and aid as quickly as possible. However, in some cases, a rescue cannot be sent because no information is available to initiate any type of rescue operation. This is usually because common disaster management systems (DMS) use on board or ground networks to route information from the disaster scene to rescue headquarters (HQ), which in most cases cannot provide the information efficiently. One effective approach is to use satellites in conjunction with existing air-to-ground systems. This study provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the complexities of the space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) in disaster management applications, including different architectures and protocols. The main rationale behind this review is to provide an extensive analysis of existing disaster management systems that are making use of SAGIN. This paper also presents the taxonomy for disaster management systems and challenges. Moreover, this research work also highlights open research issues and challenges for any type of disaster scenario. Our results indicate that several challenges are faced by disaster management systems such as hardware-based challenges, network-based characteristics and communication protocols related challenges, availability and accuracy of imagery data, and security and privacy issues.
Optimization of Carbon Dioxide Foam Fracturing Technology for Shale Gas Reservoir
Authors: Gao Chaoli , Cheng Shiqing , Wang Mingwei , Wu Wen , Gao Zhendong , Li Song , Meng Xuangang
Published: February 2023

Major shale gas exploration and development fields are located in the Sichuan basin. It requires huge water sources for shale gas fracking, but the well sites are mostly in the hills, which limits the industrialization of shale gas development. CO2 foam fluids can meet the requirements of fracking fluids and relieve water stress. It analyzed the feasibility of CO2 foaming fracturing for shale gas formation fracturing, proposed a design philosophy for CO2 foaming fracturing, and optimized fracturing parameters such as foam mass, proppant concentration, friction, and discharge rate. The flowchart of CO2 foam fracturing was established in, where the fracture morphology and propagation behavior of CO2 foam fracturing were obtained from numerical simulations comparable to the hydraulic fracture generated by conventional hydraulic fracturing. The CO2 foaming fracturing technique can provide a discharge rate of 6.0 m3/min and fluid volume and captures the volume effect of the current stimulated reservoir, which needs to be improved. It can be considered an initial survey of CO2 foam fracturing available in the Sichuan Basin shale formation, which may provide new methods and clues for stimulation.