bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Fabric Defect Detection using Statistical Methods for Feature Extraction
Authors: Patil Girish , Deshmukh S. M.
Published: September 2022

Quality control in any commodity at every stage of production not only is desired but its reproduction day in and day out is essential in this fast changing world especially when we see that shopping from a digital screen is the new trend in this era of pandemic. Quality check, control and inspection demands manual checking where in the monotonous work can make a human negligible towards work and lead to reduction in quality control. The world demands replacement of such laborious work which can only be promised by machinery custom tailored from the needs of providing accuracy, time reduction in quality checks as well as production and most importantly reduction in labour cost when commodity manufacturing is concerned. One such commodity that we cover in this paper is the textile industry where in automated fabric defect detection is harnessed as the research trend across the world with the help of image processing combined with machine learning algorithms is concerned. This area of research is challenging as the algorithm needs to cover robustness, efficiency and particularly the variety of classifiable defects in terms of surety and complexity. Out of the various techniques utilised for fabric defect detection we have utilised a threshold based image processing technique that can provide an automated stepping stone for atomization in the fabric defect detection for quality control.
Bidirectional Passive Optical Network Employing Different Line codings/Modulation Formats in Wavelength Reused RSOA Based Symmetrical 10 Gbps
Authors: Ruchika
Published: September 2022

Passive optical networks (PONs) with the integration of multiple channels are the high capacity systems to cater the large number of channels in order to fulfill demands of internet applications. To realize a crosstalk suppressed and cost effective system, an integrated multi channel PON for mitigation of the crosstalk between upstream and downstream channels using different pulse shapes such as Return to zero (RZ), non RZ (NRZ), compressed spectrum RZ (CSRZ), Differential phase shift keying (DPSK) is proposed. Use of reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) has been proposed for upstream modulation to make system cost efficient. 2-channel downstream and 2-channel upstream wavelengths are used to exhibits total symmetrical data rate of 10 Gbps. Results revealed that proposed system can support 10 Gbps data rate up to 20 km
Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided MIMO - A Review
Authors: Srivastava Praveen , Tripathi Nishant , Srivastava Vikas , Pnadey Utkarsh
Published: September 2022

Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) is a transformative and innovative technique for enhancing the energy efficiency of modern day communication for 5G and beyond networks. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is widely used technology as it enhances the energy and spectral efficiency of network. IRS in combination with MIMO is widely used to reduce the non-Line of sight communication losses and also to increase the efficiency. IRS is a tool which changes the phase of the incoming signal by transforming it to a discrete phase and retransmits it towards user. This paper present a deep insight to IRS aided MIMO communication network technology and latest work done in this area. A comparative analysis of works of different authors is represented in a tabular form so as to have a better insight into this area.
Optimization of Cell-Free Massive MIMO System
Authors: Sharma Manmohan , Verma Sunny , Verma Shekhar
Published: September 2022

As an innovative implementation, Cell-Free Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) has appeared in typical Cellular Massive MIMO Networks. This protocol doesn’t recognize cells, as shown by its name, even though a significant number of APs operate on the same frequency/time resources. Connection from multiple distributed access points through joint signal processing is called Cell-Free Massive MIMO. The Cell-Free Massive MIMO System, a contrast between Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems and Distributed Massive MIMO, the prime focus in this thesis is on Cell-free Massive MIMO and, along with this discussion, on Cell-free Massive MIMO signal processing, Channel Estimation, Uplink Signal Detection, Cumulative Distribution, Spectral Efficiency & Ubiquitous Cell-Free Massive MIMO Model. Ubiquitous Cell-free Massive MIMO contributes to a Massive MIMO system, a distributed system that implements consistent user-centre distribution to solve that constraint of mobile phone interferences as well as to introduce macro-diversity. We investigated the Cell Radius at different locations in CDF with Spectral Efficiency [bits/s/hertz]. Cell-Free Massive MIMO is an evidence-based preventive of massive MIMOs with distributed high percentage APs that serve even lower margins. The cell-free model is not segregated into cells and any individual is concurrently represented by every Access point.
Enhance the performance of AODV routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks
Authors: Abdullhaj Saif Ali Abdulmalek , Kumar Krishan
Published: September 2022

Enhancing the quality of service is still facing various challenges due to nature and configuration of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) such as free movement of nodes, unpredictable changes in network topology as no infrastructure exist in the network. The large usage of mobile ad-hoc network in various applications raises the demand to enhance the performance as well as reduce loss of packets through various factors. The routing protocols play the most important aspect in MANET. There are three kinds of routing protocols that are: reactive, proactive and hybrid that are utilized to optimize the network’s functionality. Ad-hoc on-demand Distance victor (AODV) routing protocol is the popular used to achieve best output result. The most important objectives of this paper are to enhance the performance of mobile ad-hoc network by using AODV protocol. This paper gives some changes in AODV routing protocols that’s assist the performance enhancement of AODV in mobile ad-hoc network. The simulation is carried out on the network simulator NS2 and the output result show the improved AODV has excellent performance in term of packet delivery ratio, secondly throughput, third is the routing overhead and finally is end to end delay.
High Gain and Bandwidth Array Antenna for Satellite Application
Authors: Wasim Mohd. , Khera Shelej , Malaisamy K
Published: September 2022

A MIMO array antenna with a resonance frequency of 12.29 GHz is proposed for Ku-band applications. An 8-element antenna array is proposed and parameters like as return loss, VSWR, gain, directivity, and radiated power are utilized to validate model and test findings. The proposed antenna array has a bandwidth of 136.4MHz and the maximum gain in the Ku Band at a resonance frequency of 12.29GHz. It also has a gain of 8.89 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 100%.
Utilization of a Wireless Network Performing CSMA/CA with Random Backoff Algorithm
Authors: Bedi Harpreet Singh
Published: September 2022

Optimizing WLAN performance in IEEE 802.11 network with extremely different working environments is a difficult task. We must use a network that can provide the most benefits to its end-users to improve network strength and data transmission. To increase performance in this congested situation, we construct an adaptive backoff algorithm for the IEEE 802.11 DCF that enhances in congested network conditions, system throughput is improved, the collision probability is reduced, and good fairness is maintained. This paper deals with the utilization of networks for different backoff strategies for different network conditions. The results obtained were comparatively much better than the existing methods.
Advancement of Full-Duplex Cognitive Radio Network: A Review
Authors: Srivastava Vikas , Singh Parulpreet , Srivastava Praveen
Published: September 2022

Communication systems, with various pervasive applications, have become a crucial piece of day to day lives. Wireless systems request an ever-increasing number of phantom assets to help with the regularly expanding quantities of clients. As indicated, the present crunch can be fulfilled by use of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). At a given time, secondary users (SUs) in half-duplex (HD) CRNs can either transmit or detect the signal range. This activity confines the secondary users’ throughput because the secondary user cannot transmit during range detection. With advancement in self-interference separation (SIS) technique, full-duplex (FD) CRNconsider synchronous range detection and transmission at a given time on any channel. This FD activity builds throughput and diminishes crashes as compared to HD-CRNs. This paper presents a complete review of FD-CRN correspondences. This paper spread the supporting system models and transmitted and received radio wire structures. This paper describes various SIS approaches in FD-CRNs. Here, authors discuss range detection methods and security requirements for FD-CRNs and review significant advancement in full-duplex medium access control (FD-MAC) conventions as open issues, difficulties, and future research bearings to help FD activity in CRNs.
Medical Image Encryption using Latin Image Cipher Algorithm
Authors: John Siju , Kumar S.N
Published: September 2022

Image processing has significant applications in the health care sector, medical data processing, analysis, storage, and transfer. The Latin Image Cipher algorithm was proposed in this work for the encryption of medical images. The encryption algorithm proposed in this research work comprises Latin square whitening, substitution, and permutation. The efficiency of the algorithm was also validated by inducing noise in the input images. The performance validation of the proposed algorithm was validated by the histogram analysis and correlation analysis. The information entropy measure also validates the proficiency of the encryption/decryption algorithm. The algorithm was developed on MATLAB 20021 and tested on COVID 19 CT images.
RETRACTED: Brain Tumor Detection Using Artificial Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Ramu B , Bansal Sandeep , Rathour Navjot
Published: September 2022

Automatic flaw detection in pictorial representation associate degreed CT brain photos is crucial in an exceptional type of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Due to the large quantity of data in pictorial representation scans and additionally the crooked boundaries, growth segmentation and identification established tough. Associate degree automatic growth detection methodology was used during this investigation that improved accuracy, yield, and diagnostic time. The goal is to kind the tissue into three groups. There as three sorts of cancer: ancient, early, and malignant. The number of data in pictorial representation and CT scans is simply too nice for human interpretation and analysis. Tumor segmentation in resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a rising study subject inside the sphere of medical imaging in recent years. The flexibility to accurately notice the size and size of a growth is important among the identification of the sickness. Pre-processing of imaging footage, feature extraction, classification supported ANN and a cluster of the tumor half because the four phases of the diagnostic approach. The choices as retrieved victimization wave transformation once the image has been pre-processed (DWT). The photos as classified into ancient and pathological brain footage victimization an artificial Neural Network (ANN). With a spotlight on the special Fuzzy c-means cluster, the simplest formula for tumor detection is projected. The goal of this paper is to improve the ANFIS architecture so that it can achieve high classification accuracy and quantify tumor thickness and volume
Shielding design for the control room of an X-ray cargo container inspection system using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Badiei Shahryar , Reza Kardan Mohammad , Kasesaz Yaser
Published: September 2022

In the present research, the shielding of the control room
of an X-ray inspection system was designed by MCNP Monte Carlo
simulation code in order to reduce the dose rate of the control room
below the acceptable value of 0.5 μSv/h. To do this, after
the simulation of the linear electron accelerator, accelerator
carrier truck, container and ground, the required thickness of leads
have been calculated for each walls of the control room. It was
found that the thickness of the required lead for each walls of the
control room is different from 2 mm to 1 cm. In this situation,
the dose rate inside the control room would be 0.3 μSv/h
(with the relative uncertainty of 11%). The mass of the lead used
in this case was equal to 2.2 tons.
Multi-decadal monsoon characteristics and glacier response in High Mountain Asia
Authors: Shaw T E , Miles E S , Chen D , Jouberton A , Kneib M , Fugger S , Ou T , Lai H-W , Fujita K , Yang W , Fatichi S , Pellicciotti F
Published: September 2022

Glacier health across High Mountain Asia (HMA) is highly heterogeneous and strongly governed by regional climate, which is variably influenced by monsoon dynamics and the westerlies. We explore four decades of glacier energy and mass balance at three climatically distinct sites across HMA by utilising a detailed land surface model driven by bias-corrected Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological forcing. All three glaciers have experienced long-term mass losses (ranging from −0.04 ± 0.09 to −0.59 ± 0.20 m w.e. a−1) consistent with widespread warming across the region. However, complex and contrasting responses of glacier energy and mass balance to the patterns of the Indian Summer Monsoon were evident, largely driven by the role snowfall timing, amount and phase. A later monsoon onset generates less total snowfall to the glacier in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau during May–June, augmenting net shortwave radiation and affecting annual mass balance (−0.5 m w.e. on average compared to early onset years). Conversely, timing of the monsoon’s arrival has limited impact for the Nepalese Himalaya which is more strongly governed by the temperature and snowfall amount during the core monsoon season. In the arid central Tibetan Plateau, a later monsoon arrival results in a 40 mm (58%) increase of May–June snowfall on average compared to early onset years, likely driven by the greater interaction of westerly storm events. Meanwhile, a late monsoon cessation at this site sees an average 200 mm (192%) increase in late summer precipitation due to monsoonal storms. A trend towards weaker intensity monsoon conditions in recent decades, combined with long-term warming patterns, has produced predominantly negative glacier mass balances for all sites (up to 1 m w.e. more mass loss in the Nepalese Himalaya compared to strong monsoon intensity years) but sub-regional variability in monsoon timing can additionally complicate this response.
Reviewing the geometric Hamilton–Jacobi theory concerning Jacobi and Leibniz identities
Authors: Esen O , de León M , Lainz M , Sardón C , Zając M
Published: September 2022

In this survey, we review the classical Hamilton–Jacobi theory from a geometric point of view in different geometric backgrounds. We propose a Hamilton–Jacobi equation for different geometric structures attending to one particular characterization: whether they fulfill the Jacobi and Leibniz identities simultaneously, or if at least they satisfy one of them. This property reviews the work of the present authors in such a way that it is presented according to a hierarchy of nested brackets. This is a new outlook in which we do not only present the geometric structures themselves, but their hierarchical relations and how they affect their dynamic through the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. In this regard, we review the case of time-dependent (t-dependent in the sequel) and dissipative physical systems as systems that fulfill the Jacobi identity but not the Leibnitz identity, as instances of cosymplectic and contact mechanical problems. Let us remark that dissipative here means dissipation provided by a dissipation parameter included in the Hamiltonian function, for instance, the entropy in some thermodynamical systems. Furthermore, we review the contact-evolution Hamilton–Jacobi theory as a split off the regular contact geometry, and that actually satisfies the Leibniz rule instead of Jacobi. Furthermore, we include a novel result, which is the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for conformal Hamiltonian vector fields as a generalization of the well-known Hamilton–Jacobi on a symplectic manifold, that is retrieved in the case of a zero conformal factor. The interest of a geometric Hamilton–Jacobi equation is the primordial observation that if a Hamiltonian vector field X

H
can be projected into a configuration manifold by means of a one-form dW, then the integral curves of the projected vector field

X

H

d
W

can be transformed into integral curves of X

H
provided that W is a solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. Geometrically, the solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation plays the role of a Lagrangian submanifold of a certain bundle. Exploiting these features in different geometric scenarios we propose a geometric theory for multiple physical systems depending on the fundamental identities that their dynamic satisfies. Different examples are pictured to reflect the results provided, being all of them new, except for one that is reassessment of a previously considered example. Finally, let us mention that an important issue in the study of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation is separability, relevant for finding conserved quantities. However, we will not deal with this subject in this survey, although we refer the reader to papers [16, 17, 136].
Confluence and tight junction dependence of volume regulation in epithelial tissue
Authors: Chmiel Theresa A. , Gardel Margaret L.
Published: September 2022

The authors explore the regulation of cell volume in renal epithelial tissue in response to hyperosmotic stress. In contrast to known volume homeostatic mechanism found in isolated cells, hyperosmotic shock permanently reduces cell volume, and this behavior is found to be tight junction-dependent.
Effect of Adopting the New Race-Free 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Creatinine Equation on Racial Differences in Kidney Disease Progression Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: An Observational Study
Authors: Muiru Anthony N , Madden Erin , Scherzer Rebecca , Horberg Michael A , Silverberg Michael J , Klein Marina B , Mayor Angel M , John Gill M , Napravnik Sonia , Crane Heidi M , Marconi Vincent C , Koethe John R , Abraham Alison G , Althoff Keri N , Lucas Gregory M , Moore Richard D , Shlipak Michael G , Estrella Michelle M
Published: September 2022

Background

The impact of adopting a race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) creatinine (eGFRcr) equation on racial differences in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) is unknown.

Methods

We defined eGFR stages using the original race-adjusted Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) eGFRcr equation and the new race-free CKD-EPI eGFRcr equation. We then estimated 5-year probabilities of transitioning from baseline kidney function to more advanced eGFR stages and examined the association of race (black vs white) with rates of CKD progression using Markov models.

Results

With the race-adjusted eGFRcr equation, black participants (n = 31 298) had a lower risk of progressing from eGFR stage 1 to 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], .73–.82), an equal risk of progressing from stage 2 to 3 (1.00; .92–.07) and a 3-fold risk of progressing from stage 3 to 4 or 5 (3.06; 2.60–3.62), compared with white participants (n = 27 542). When we used the race-free eGFRcr equation, 16% of black participants were reclassified into a more severe eGFR stage at baseline. The reclassified black individuals had a higher prevalence of CKD risk factors than black PWH who were not reclassified. With the race-free eGFRcr equation, black participants had a higher risk of disease progression across all eGFR stages than white participants.

Conclusions

The original eGFRcr equation systematically masked a subgroup of black PWH who are at high-risk of CKD progression. The new race-free eGFRcr equation unmasks these individuals and may allow for earlier detection and management of CKD.
The Spectrum of Influenza in Children
Authors: Hoy Gregory , Kuan Guillermina , López Roger , Sánchez Nery , López Brenda , Ojeda Sergio , Maier Hannah , Patel Mayuri , Wraith Steph , Meyers Alyssa , Campredon Lora , Balmaseda Angel , Gordon Aubree
Published: September 2022

Background

Children constitute an important component of the influenza burden and community transmission, but the frequency of asymptomatic infection and post-influenza sequelae at the community level is poorly understood.

Methods

Two community-based prospective cohort studies (2011–2020, 2017–2020) and 1 case-ascertained study (2012–2017) were conducted in Managua, Nicaragua. Non-immunocompromised children aged 0–14 years with ≥1 influenza infections, determined by polymerase chain reaction and hemagglutination inhibition assay, were included.

Results

A total of 1272 influenza infections occurred in the household-based portion of the study. Influenza infection was asymptomatic in 84 (6.6%) infections, and the asymptomatic fraction increased with age (1.7%, 3.5%, and 9.1% for ages 0–1, 2–4, and 5–14, respectively; P < .001). Of asymptomatic children, 43 (51.2%) shed virus, compared to 1099 (92.5%) symptomatic children (P < .001). Also, 2140 cases of influenza occurred in the primary care portion of the study. Sequelae of influenza were rare, with the most common being pneumonia (52, 2.4%) and acute otitis media (71, 3.3%). A/H1N1 had higher age-adjusted odds of acute otitis media (odds ratio [OR] 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–3.48; P = .015) and hospitalization (OR 3.73, 95% CI: 1.68–8.67; P = .002) than A/H3N2. B/Victoria had higher age-adjusted odds of pneumonia (OR 10.99, 95% CI: 1.34–90.28; P = .026) than B/Yamagata.

Conclusions

Asymptomatic influenza infection is much less common in children than adults, although viral shedding still occurs in asymptomatic children. Post-influenza sequelae are rare in children in the community setting, and virus strain may be important in understanding the risk of sequelae.
AGODB: a comprehensive domain annotation database of argonaute proteins
Authors: Li Bowen , Yang Shanshan , Long Jinjin , Chen Xue , Zhang Qianyue , Ning Lin , He Bifang , Chen Heng , Huang Jian
Published: September 2022

Argonaute (Ago) proteins are widely expressed in almost all organisms. Eukaryotic Ago (eAgo) proteins bind small RNA guides forming RNA-induced silencing complex that silence gene expression, and prokaryotic Ago (pAgo) proteins defend against invading nucleic acids via binding small RNAs or DNAs. pAgo proteins have shown great potential as a candidate ‘scissors’ for gene editing. Protein domains are fundamental units of protein structure, function and evolution; however, the domains of Ago proteins are not well annotated/curated currently. Therefore, full functional domain annotation of Ago proteins is urgently needed for researchers to understand the function and mechanism of Ago proteins. Herein, we constructed the first comprehensive domain annotation database of Ago proteins (AGODB). The database curates detailed information of 1902 Ago proteins, including 1095 eAgos and 807 pAgos. Especially for long pAgo proteins, all six domains are annotated and curated. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that Ago genes in different species were enriched in the following GO terms: biological processes (BPs), molecular function and cellular compartment. GO enrichment analysis results were integrated into AGODB, which provided insights into the BP that Ago genes may participate in. AGODB also allows users to search the database with a variety of options and download the search results. We believe that the AGODB will be a useful resource for understanding the function and domain components of Ago proteins. This database is expected to cater to the needs of scientific community dedicated to the research of Ago proteins.

Database URL

http://i.uestc.edu.cn/agodb/
Comparative studies of genomic and epigenetic factors influencing transcriptional variation in two insect species
Authors: Wu Xin , Bhatia Neharika , Grozinger Christina M , Yi Soojin V
Published: September 2022

Different genes show different levels of expression variability. For example, highly expressed genes tend to exhibit less expression variability. Genes whose promoters have TATA box and initiator motifs tend to have increased expression variability. On the other hand, DNA methylation of transcriptional units, or gene body DNA methylation, is associated with reduced gene expression variability in many species. Interestingly, some insect lineages, most notably Diptera including the canonical model insect Drosophila melanogaster, have lost DNA methylation. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether genomic features similarly influence gene expression variability in lineages with and without DNA methylation. We analyzed recently generated large-scale data sets in D. melanogaster and honey bee (Apis mellifera) to investigate these questions. Our analysis shows that increased gene expression levels are consistently associated with reduced expression variability in both species, while the presence of TATA box is consistently associated with increased gene expression variability. In contrast, initiator motifs and gene lengths have weak effects limited to some data sets. Importantly, we show that a sequence characteristics indicative of gene body DNA methylation is strongly and negatively associate with gene expression variability in honey bees, while it shows no such association in D. melanogaster. These results suggest the evolutionary loss of DNA methylation in some insect lineages has reshaped the molecular mechanisms concerning the regulation of gene expression variability.
What Types of Burden Experienced by Family Caregivers of Dementia Patients Are Related to Their Life Satisfaction?
Authors: Ju Yeong Jun , Kim Woorim , Kim Eunsaem , Lee Soon Young
Published: September 2022

Background

As the burdens related to dementia caregiving are vast, this study aimed to examine the relationship between life satisfaction and different types of burden reported by family caregivers of patients with dementia.

Methods

Data from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey were used. The association between life satisfaction and caregiving burden reported by family caregivers of patients with dementia was investigated using multivariable regression analysis. These burdens resulted from social prejudice and temporal, physical, psychological, or economic reasons. Life Satisfaction was measured using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Better Life Index. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the residing status of patients with dementia and the region of residence of the caregiver.

Results

Data of 12 617 participants were analyzed. Compared with individuals with no burden, those who reported a burden due to temporal (β = −0.23, p = .003), psychological (β = −0.18, p < .001), and economic (β = −0.27, p < .001) demands showed poorer levels of life satisfaction. These tendencies were maintained in caregivers residing with patients and those providing care for institutionalized patients. Regarding the region where the caregiver lived, for those living in rural regions, burdens related to social prejudice or economical demands were associated with poor life satisfaction.

Conclusion

Family caregivers reporting caregiving-related burdens for temporal, psychological, or economic reasons had lower life satisfaction. These findings suggest the importance of considering caregiver’s different needs and conditions when implementing coping strategies when caring for individuals with dementia.
Removal of a 10-kb Gret1 transposon from VvMybA1 of Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay
Authors: Yang Yingzhen , Ke John , Han Xiaoyan , Wuddineh Wegi A , Song Guo-qing , Zhong Gan-Yuan
Published: September 2022

Many white grape cultivars have a nonfunctional VvMybA1 gene due to the presence of a 10-kb Gret1 transposon in its promoter. In this study, we successfully demonstrated removal of the 10-kb Gret1 transposon and functional restoration of a VvMybA1 allele in Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay through transgenic expression of Cas9 and two gRNAs simultaneously targeting two junction sequences between Gret1 LTRs and VvMybA1. We generated 67 and 24 Cas9-positive vines via Agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic bombardment transformation, respectively. While the editing efficiencies were as high as 17% for the 5′ target site and 65% for the 3′ target site, simultaneous editing of both 5′ and 3′ target sites resulting in the removal of Gret1 transposon from the VvMybA1 promoter was 0.5% or less in most transgenic calli, suggesting that these calli had very limited numbers of cells with the Gret1 removed. Nevertheless, two bombardment-transformed vines, which shared the same unique editing features and were likely derived from a singly edited event, were found to have the Gret1 successfully edited out from one of their two VvMybA1 alleles. The edited allele was functionally restored based on the detection of its expression and a positive coloring assay result in leaves. Precise removal of more than a 10-kb DNA fragment from a gene locus in grape broadens the possibilities of using gene editing technologies to modify various trait genes in grapes and other plants.
Bypass of a Duodenal Stricture in Crohn’s Disease Using a Lumen Opposing Metal Stent (LAMS): A Case Report.
Authors: Manski Scott Adam , Schlachterman Alexander
Published: September 2022

Lay Summary

We present an interesting case of a patient with Crohn’s Disease and a symptomatic duodenal stricture, which was successfully managed with a lumen opposing metal stent, demonstrating the potential utility of LAMS in such patients.
The Hermitian symmetric space Fokas–Lenells equation: spectral analysis and long-time asymptotics
Authors: Geng Xianguo , Wang Kedong , Chen Mingming
Published: September 2022

Based on the inverse scattering transformation, we carry out spectral analysis of the $4\times 4$ matrix spectral problems related to the Hermitian symmetric space Fokas–Lenells (FL) equation, by which the solution of the Cauchy problem of the Hermitian symmetric space FL equation is transformed into the solution of a Riemann–Hilbert problem. The nonlinear steepest descent method is extended to study the Riemann–Hilbert problem, from which the various Deift–Zhou contour deformations and the motivation behind them are given. Through some proper transformations between the corresponding Riemann–Hilbert problems and strict error estimates, we obtain explicitly the long-time asymptotics of the Cauchy problem of the Hermitian symmetric space FL equation with the aid of the parabolic cylinder function.
A search for hot subdwarf binaries in data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
Authors: Krzesinski J , Şener H T , Zola S , Siwak M
Published: September 2022

We present the results of a search for binary hot subdwarf stars in photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The sample of objects used in this work was a byproduct of another search for pulsating hot subdwarfs, which resulted in the discovery of nearly 400 non-pulsating variable candidates. The periodogram for each object was calculated and a frequency signal with one or more harmonics above the 4 σ detection threshold was used to consider the candidate as a possible binary system. The type of variability was subsequently confirmed by visual inspection. We present a list of 46 binary system candidates that were not previously known as binaries. We also analysed a few example light curves to demonstrate the importance of double checking the variability of the source in the TESS light curves corrected for instrumental signatures. Four objects, TIC 55753808, TIC 118412596, TIC 4999380, and TIC 68834079, which show variations in the TESS-calibrated fluxes, were actually found to be constant. We also found that it might be more appropriate to increase the commonly used  4σ detection threshold in order to avoid the detection of multiple spurious peaks in the periodograms or Fourier transform of the TESS light curves.
The value-added catalogue of ASAS-SN eclipsing binaries: parameters of 30 000 detached systems
Authors: Rowan D M , Jayasinghe T , Stanek K Z , Kochanek C S , Thompson Todd A , Shappee B J , Holoien T W -S , Prieto J L , Giles W
Published: September 2022

Detached eclipsing binaries are a fundamental tool for measuring the physical parameters of stars that are effectively evolving in isolation. Starting from more than 40 000 eclipsing binary candidates identified by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN), we use PHOEBE to determine the sum of the fractional radii, the ratio of effective temperatures, the inclinations, and the eccentricities for 35 576 systems. We visually inspect all the light-curve models to verify the model fits and examine the TESS light curves, when available, to select systems with evidence for additional physics, such as spots, mass transfer, and hierarchical triples. We examine the distributions of the eclipsing binary model parameters and the orbital parameters. We identify two groups in the sum of the fractional radii and effective temperature ratio parameter space that may distinguish systems approaching the semidetached limit. Combining Gaia EDR3 with extinction estimates from three-dimensional dust maps, we examine the properties of the systems as a function of their absolute magnitude and evolutionary state. Finally, we present light curves of selected eclipsing binaries that may be of interest for follow-up studies.
Two-spacecraft detection of short-period decayless kink oscillations of solar coronal loops
Authors: Zhong Sihui , Nakariakov Valery M , Kolotkov Dmitrii Y , Verbeeck Cis , Berghmans David
Published: September 2022

Decayless kink oscillations of an ensemble of loops are captured simultaneously by the High Resolution Imager (HRI) of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) from 22:58 ut on 2021 November 5 to 00:27 ut on 2021 November 6. Oscillations are analysed by processing image sequences taken by the two instruments with a motion magnification technique. The analysed loops are around 51 Mm in length, and oscillate with short periods of 1–3 min (1.6 min in average) and displacement amplitudes of 24–83 km. The signals recorded by AIA are delayed by 66 s as compared to HRI, which coincides with the light traveltime difference from the Sun to each instrument. After correction of this time difference, the cross-correlation coefficient between the signals from the two data varies from 0.82 to 0.97, indicating that they are well consistent. This work confirms that HRI sees the same oscillations as AIA, which is the necessary first step before proceeding to the detection of shorter time-scales by EUI. In addition, our results indicate the robustness of the dejittering procedure in the study of kink oscillations with HRI.
The luminosity function of ringed galaxies
Authors: Smirnov Daniil V , Reshetnikov Vladimir P
Published: September 2022

We perform an analysis of the luminosity functions (LFs) of two types of ringed galaxies – polar-ring galaxies and collisional ring galaxies – using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Both classes of galaxies were formed as a result of interaction with their environment and they are very rare objects. We constructed LFs of galaxies by different methods and found their approximations by the Schechter function. The luminosity functions of both types of galaxies show a systematic fall-off at low luminosities. The polar structures around bright (Mr ≤ −20m) and red (g − r > +0.8) galaxies are about twice as common as around blue ones. The LF of collisional rings is shifted towards brighter luminosities compared to polar-ring galaxies. We analysed the published data on the ringed galaxies in several deep fields and confirmed the increase in their volume density with redshift: up to z ∼ 1 their density grows as (1 + z)m, where m ≳ 5.
The multi-epoch X-ray tale of I Zwicky 1 outflows
Authors: Rogantini D , Costantini E , Gallo L C , Wilkins D R , Brandt W N , Mehdipour M
Published: September 2022

The narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy $\rm I\,\,Zwicky\, 1$ shows a unique and complex system of ionized gas in outflow, which consists of an ultra-fast wind and a two-component warm absorber. In the last two decades, XMM–Newton monitored the source multiple times enabling the study of the long-term variability of the various outflows. Plasma in photoionization equilibrium with the ionizing source responds and varies accordingly to any change of the ionizing luminosity. However, detailed modelling of the past Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) data has shown no correlation between the plasma ionization state and the ionizing continuum, revealing a complex long-term variability of the multiphase warm absorber. Here, we present a new observation of $\rm I\,\,Zwicky\, 1$ by XMM–Newton taken in early 2020 characterized by a lower X-ray flux state. The soft X-ray spectrum from the RGS reveals the two components of the warm absorber with log ξ ∼ −1.0 and log ξ ∼ 1.7. Comparing our results with the previous observations, the ionization state of the two absorbing gas components is continuously changing, following the same unpredictable behaviour. The new results strengthen the scenario in which the ionization state of the warm absorber is driven by the density of the gas rather than the ionizing luminosity. In particular, the presence of a radiation driven, inhomogeneous clumpy outflow may explain both the variability in ionization throughout the years and the line-locked N v system observed in the ultraviolet band. Finally, the EPIC-pn spectrum reveals an ultra-fast wind with an outflow velocity of ∼0.26c and ionization parameter of log ξ ∼ 3.8.
Probing Quintessence using BAO imprint on the cross-correlation of weak lensing and post-reionization H i 21 cm signal
Authors: Dash Chandrachud B V , Guha Sarkar Tapomoy
Published: September 2022

In this work, we investigate the possibility of constraining a thawing Quintessence scalar field model for dark energy. We propose using the imprint of baryon acoustic oscillation on the cross-correlation of post-reionization 21-cm signal and galaxy weak lensing convergence field to tomographically measure the angular diameter distance DA(z) and the Hubble parameter H(z). The projected errors in these quantities are then used to constrain the Quintessence model parameters. We find that independent 600 h radio interferometric observation at four observing frequencies 916, 650, 520, and 430 MHz with an SKA-1-Mid like radio telescope in cross-correlation with a deep weak lensing survey covering half the sky may measure the binned DA and H at a few per cent level of sensitivity. The Monte Carlo analysis for a power-law thawing Quientessence model gives the 1 − σ marginalized bounds on the initial slope λi, dark energy density parameter Ωϕ0 and the shape of the potential Γ at 8.63, 10.08, and $9.75{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively. The constraints improve to 7.66, 4.39, and $5.86{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively, when a joint analysis with supernovae and other probes is performed.
High plasma homocysteine level is associated with increased prevalence of the non-remission state in rheumatoid arthritis: Findings from the KURAMA cohort
Authors: Katsushima Masao , Minamino Hiroto , Shirakashi Mirei , Onishi Akira , Fujita Yoshihito , Yamamoto Wataru , Onizawa Hideo , Tsuji Hideaki , Watanabe Ryu , Murakami Kosaku , Fujii Takayuki , Murata Koichi , Tanaka Masao , Inagaki Nobuya , Morinobu Akio , Hashimoto Motomu
Published: September 2022

Objectives

We aimed to determine the clinical impact of plasma homocysteine levels on disease activity and clinical remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using KURAMA (Kyoto University Rheumatoid Arthritis Management Alliance) database. We enrolled 291 female patients, who were treated in a treat-to-target manner. We measured plasma total homocysteine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry system and collected clinical data including a 28-joint RA disease activity score-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). Clinical remission of disease activity was defined as a DAS28-ESR < 2.6.

Results

In a univariable analysis, the plasma homocysteine concentration was significantly and positively associated with DAS-28-ESR and was higher in the non-remission group than in the remission group. The cutoff value of the plasma homocysteine level was calculated to be 7.9 nmol/mL by the test of the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. In a multivariable analysis, after adjusting for clinically relevant variables, the high homocysteine level remained a significant positive association for DAS28-ESR (estimate 0.27, P = .0019) and a positive factor for the presence of RA non-remission (odds ratio 2.39, P = .0071).

Conclusions

Increased plasma homocysteine levels showed a significant positive association with current disease activity and the non-remission state in female patients with RA under treat-to-target treatment. The findings suggest the potential utility of plasma homocysteine as a disease state marker reflecting conditions that are treatment failure and difficult to remission and may provide clinical evidence on the interplay between homocysteine and inflammatory activation in RA.
Pretransplant evaluation and the risk of glucose metabolic alterations after renal transplantation: a prospective study
Authors: Fariña-Hernández Arminda , Marrero-Miranda Domingo , Perez-Carreño Estefania , De Vera-Gonzalez Antonia , González Alejandra , Acosta-Sorensen Cristian , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Ana Elena , Collantes Tatiana , García Marta del Pino , Rodríguez-Muñoz Ana Isabel , Rodriguez-Alvarez Carla , Rivero Antonio , Macía Manuel , Teran Elena , Sanchez-Dorta Nuria V , Perez-Tamajón Lourdes , Alvarez-González Alejandra , González-Rinne Ana , Rodríguez-Hernández Aurelio , De Bonis-Redondo Eduardo , Rodriguez-Adanero Concepción , Hernández Domingo , Porrini Esteban , Torres Armando
Published: September 2022

Background

Post-transplant prediabetes (PreDM) and diabetes (PTDM) are common and have an impact on cardiovascular events. We sought to investigate the pathogenesis and best approach for prediction.

Methods

We prospectively studied 115 waitlisted patients from a single center without manifest diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed yearly until transplantation and 12 months later. Insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity (IS) and disposition index (DI) were derived from the OGTT.

Results

PreDM and PTDM were observed in 27% and 28.6% of patients, respectively. Pretransplant age, body mass index (BMI), 120 min glucose, IS, DI, and prediabetes or undiagnosed diabetes were significantly associated with these alterations. In multivariate analysis, pretransplant age [odds ratio (OR) 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–2.1], BMI (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.04–1.3) and cumulative steroids (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.02–2.2) were predictors of PreDM or PTDM. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that pretransplant BMI and 120 min glucose had the highest area under the curve (0.72; 95% CI 0.62–0.8; and 0.69; 95% CI 0.59–0.79, respectively). The highest discrimination cut-off for BMI (≥28.5 kg/m2) and 120 min glucose (≥123.5 mg/dL) yielded a similar number needed to diagnose (2.5).

Conclusions

PreDM or PTDM develops in waitlisted patients with an ineffective insulin secretion and BMI shows a similar diagnostic capacity to OGTT. Pretransplant interventions may reduce post-transplant glucose alterations.
Scientific experiments on Tiangong-2, the predecessor of the China Space Station
Authors: Zhu He
Published: September 2022

‘The fact is that after ISS, China may be the only station in orbit,’ remarked Leroy Chiao, a former NASA astronaut and commander of the International Space Station (ISS). As of July 2022, Tianhe, the core module of the China Space Station (CSS), has been orbiting the Earth for more than a year, and the Wentian experiment module joined the Tianhe station on 25 July. Together, they make up about two thirds of the CSS. Later in October, the third piece of the puzzle, the Mengtian experiment module, will complete the T-shaped structure of the CSS. In 2024, the China Sky Survey Telescope, Xuntian, will enter orbit. The ISS, on the other hand, was just mentioned in Russia's response to the latest round of economic sanctions, confirming the concern expressed by Commander Chiao when he said ‘The ISS will be deorbited in 2030. The politics with the Russians is no longer tenable.’
Ezekiel Imperialized Geographies in the Nation Oracles
Authors: Davidson Steed Vernyl
Published: September 2022

The book of Ezekiel pays attention to spatial location, presented through the voice of the prophet Ezekiel, who occupies his own space in both Chaldea and Jerusalem. This chapter employs postcolonial geography in its examination of the imperial registers in the construction of space, particularly the boundaries of the renewed Israel. The chapter first explores the foreign nation oracles located in chapters 25–32, where reterritorialization of space is accomplished mostly through the decimation of populations, resulting in an imperialized geography of control operating through the domination of space by politics, identity, and representation. Lastly, the chapter examines the role of the invention of the mythical space of the Magog which provides the book’s map with an effective border not supplied by other real spaces. Through these nation oracles a new map of the world emerges that echoes the imperial registers of difference and Otherness that support control and subjugation.