bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muscular Behavior during Inspiratory Training in Patients with a Complete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Pilot Study
Authors: Arellano Tomás Santibáñez
Published: April 2020

Introduction: There is a huge variety of inspiratory muscle training protocols in patients with complete cervical spinal cord injury. None of them provide information about muscle behavior and its relationship with effort and fatigue sensation perceived by the subject.Objective: Analyze the relationship between the behavior of the Median Frequency (MF) and the Root Mean Square (RMS) of diaphragm (DPH) and sternocleidomastoid (ECOM) muscles and Subjective Fatigue Sensation (SFS) during an inspiratory muscle training session using a threshold valve in patients with CCSCI.Methods: Electromyographic activity of the DPH and ECOM during a fifteen minutes training session using a threshold valve with a Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) of 30% was recorded. Median Frequency average and the Root Mean Square of DPH and ECOM was calculated. SFS was recorded every minute. The correlation between variables was determined by Spearman rho.Results: The correlation between SFS and MF of the DPH was 0.22. The correlation between SFS and MF of the ECOM was 0.36. The correlation between SF and RMS_INDEX was -0.09.Conclusion: There is no correlation between the variables studied. The RMS_INDEX is presented as a useful tool to describe the muscle behavior during training with threshold valve.Results: The correlation between SFS and MF of the DPH was 0.22. The correlation between SFS and MF of the ECOM was 0.36. The correlation between SF and RMS_INDEX was -0.09.Results: The correlation between SFS and MF of the DPH was 0.22. The correlation between SFS and MF of the ECOM was 0.36. The correlation between SF and RMS_INDEX was -0.09.Comportamento muscular durante treino inspiratório em pacientes com lesão medular cervical completa: estudo pilotoIntrodução: Existe uma grande variedade de protocolos de treinos inspiratórios em pacientes com lesão medular cervical completa. Nenhum deles passa informação a respeito do comportamento muscular nem sua relação com a sensação de esforço e fadiga percebida pelo sujeito.Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre o comportamento da FM e raiz media quadrática (RMS) de diafragma (DPH) e esternocleidomastóideo (ECOM) e a SSF durante uma sessão de treino de musculatura inspiratória com válvula umbral em pacientes com LMCC.Métodos: Foi registrada a atividade eletromiográfica do diafragma e o esternocleidomastoideo durante quinze minutos de treino com válvula umbral a 30% de PIM. Foi calculada a frequência média e a raiz quadrada média do DPH e ECOM. Foi registrada a SSF a cada minuto. Foi determinada a correlação entre as variáveis mediante rho de Spearman.Resultados: A correlação entre SSF e FM de DPH foi 0.22. A correlação entre SSF e FM de ECOM foi 0.36. A correlação entre SSF e RMS_INDEX foi -0.09.Conclusão: Não existe correlação entre as variáveis estudadas. O RMS_INDEX é apresentado como uma ferramenta útil para descrever o comportamento muscular durante um treino com a válvula umbral.
Bērnu stresu veicinošie faktori sākumskolas posmā
Authors: Cukura Agate , Jurs Pāvels
Published: April 2020

After the preschool, primary school is the first educational institution where the pupil encounters difficulties in the learning process. The first years of schooling form the basis for further education, influencing the child's social, physical, cognitive, emotional, and psychological development. For this development to be successful, it is essential to be aware of the pedagogical demands placed upon children and their resources in meeting them.
Considering the peculiarities of the primary school age group, the curriculum requirements and desired outcomes can be rated as very high, which a pupil can only achieve with an increased effort, extra learning hours and prolonged concentration – the resources that are not characteristic for primary school pupils. As the requirements exceed the resources on the regular basis, the child is exposed to increased stress level, and if it is prolonged, the child's overall development is adversely affected, as well as his/her attitude and abilities. In this stage, it is important to ensure positive development of systematic and purposeful working skills, healthy self-confidence, cooperation and self-management skills, so that the child develops as a self-sufficient, active citizen of Latvia. Formation of a positive stress experience in the childhood supports successful child’s personal growth and development in the future.
In the pedagogical process, it is important not only to identify the causes of children's stress, but also to teach how to reduce stress and how to manage the consequences. Further research and particularly action research studies are needed in primary schools of Latvia fully assessing the children’s workloads in practice and determining the level of stress associated with learning.
Garīgums un pasaules redzējums augstākās izglītības kontekstā
Authors: Latsone Lāsma , Iliško Dzintra
Published: April 2020

Spirituality and worldview are broad concepts with many different understandings and perspectives. They include a sense of connection to a higher power, as well as a search for answers to existential questions of life. Human spiritual experiences can be described as sacred or transcendental, or as an awareness that everything in this world is deeply united and always in the process. There are people who associate their spiritual experiences with a particular religion, others seek this unity in nature, in music, and also in their relationships. Spirituality is essentially about the great questions of life and the search for the meaning of life, but to everyone it can mean something different. This study explores students' perceptions of the role of spirituality in their lives and education by surveying students at two Latvian universities, focusing on the diversity of their perceptions of the world, their sources of spiritual nourishment and their quest for spirituality. Universities need to address issues of spirituality, different religions and worldviews, which often coexist in the context of contemporary diversity. The results of the study reveal students' interest in spirituality-related experiences and their search for meaning in life and for meaningful philosophy of life, often associated with scepticism towards traditional religious offerings but showing openness to an ecumenical approach to religions.
Debašu didaktiskās strukturēšanas pieeja svešvalodas apguvē vecāko klašu skolēniem
Authors: Ročāne Maija , Samuseviča Alīda
Published: April 2020

Transversal competences have become a cornerstone of personal development in the 21st century. Therefore, it is important to ensure the availability of the latest information and to increase knowledge, skills and competences through encouraging students to research, analyse, think, take responsibility and reach goals. Nowadays, learning methods that emphasize problem solving, reflections on real-life situations, collaborative and deep learning have been highlighted by many scholars. This approach has been provided by the debating method. However, an obstacle to implementing this method may be the time consumed by the complex nature of debating method: it includes in-depth study of the problem, argumentation, asking questions, feedback, etc. The solution to this problem is didactic structuring of debating method in concrete activities depending on time resources, students` learning needs and abilities. The publication reveals the possibilities of using the didactic structuring approach of debating method to be implemented in the lessons of English. The publication also highlights the results of its approbation in the Grade 11, where this research was conducted. The approach emphasizes different elements: raising a current scientific/social problem; analyzing the problem/statement from the opposite view points, use of smart devices; interaction; argumentation and essay writing.
Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts
Authors: Chatterjee Atasi , Tegenkamp Christoph , Pfnür Herbert
Published: April 2020

Even though there have been many experimental attempts and theoretical approaches to understand the process of electromigration (EM), it has not been quantitatively understood for ultrathin structures and at grain boundaries. Nevertheless, we showed recently that it can be used reliably for the formation of single atomic point contacts after careful pre-structuring of the initial Ag nanostructures. The process of formation of nanocontacts by EM down to a single-atom point contact was investigated for ultrathin (5 nm) Ag structures at 100 K by measuring the conductance as a function of the time during EM. In this paper, we compare the process of thinning by EM of structures with constrictions below the average grain size of Ag layers (15 nm) with that of structures with much larger initial constrictions of around 150 nm having multiple grains at the centre constriction prior to the formation of a point contact. Even though clear morphological differences exist between both types of structures, quantized conductance plateaus showing the formation of single point contacts have been observed for both. Here we put emphasis on the thinning process by EM, just before a point contact is formed. To understand this thinning process, the semi-classical regime before the contact reaches the quantum regime was analyzed in detail. For this purpose, we used experimental conductance histograms in the range between 2G0 and 15G0 and their corresponding Fourier transforms (FTs). The FT analysis of the conductance histograms exhibits a clear preference for thinning along the [100] direction. Using well-established models, both atom-by-atom steps and ranges of stability, presumably caused by electronic shell effects, can be discriminated. Although the directional motion of atoms during EM leads to specific properties such as the instabilities mentioned, similarities to mechanically opened contacts with respect to cross-sectional stability were found.
Application of Digital Remote Wireless Microphone Technology in Single-Sided Deaf Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Wesarg Thomas , Stelzig Yvonne , Hilgert-Becker Dan , Kathage Bjorn , Wiebe Konstantin , Aschendorff Antje , Arndt Susan , Speck Iva
Published: April 2020

Abstract Background Previous research showed benefits of remote wireless technology in bilaterally moderate- to-severe hearing-impaired participants provided with hearing aid(s), cochlear implant(s) (CIs), or bimodal devices as well as in single-sided deaf (SSD)
cochlear implant recipients (with CI from Cochlear™) and normal-hearing (NH) participants. Purpose To evaluate the effect of the digital remote wireless microphone system, Roger™, on speech recognition at different levels of multisource noise in SSD CI recipients
using MED-EL CI sound processor OPUS 2. Outcomes were assessed as a function of the listening condition (NH only, NH + CI, NH + CIRog, NHRog + CI, and NHRog + CIRog), Roger™ receiver type (Roger™ Focus for NH; Roger™
Xand Roger™ MyLink for CI) and accessory mixing ratio. Study Sample Eleven adult, SSD participants aided with CI from MED-EL. Data Collection and Analysis Speech recognition in noise was assessed in two no-Roger™ conditions, one Roger™ X condition,
and two Roger™ MyLink conditions. For the Roger™ X and no-Roger™ conditions, speech recognition was tested at 60.3 dB(A) with the Oldenburg Sentence Test in classroom noise at levels of 55, 65, and 75 dB(A). For the two Roger™ MyLink conditions, speech
recognition at 60.3 dB(A) was measured at a noise level of 75 dB(A). Roger™ X was assessed with an accessory mixing ratio of 1:1 (summation of unattenuated microphone and audio accessory input). For Roger™ MyLink, two accessory mixing ratios were investigated, MT
(1:1, summation of unattenuated microphone and telecoil input) and T with maximum attenuation of microphone input. Results Speech recognition at higher noise levels (65 and 75 dB(A)) improved significantly with Roger™ in both unilateral use conditions (NH + CIRog
and NHRog + CI) as well as bilateral use condition (NHRog + CIRog). Both the bilateral application of Roger™ and the unilateral Roger™ application on the NH ear outperformed the Roger™ application on CI alone. There was no statistically significant
effect of type of CI Roger™ receiver (Roger™ X or Roger™ MyLink) and the accessory mixing ratio (MT or T) on speech recognition. Conclusions Speech recognition for distant speakers in multisource noise improved significantly with the application of Roger™
in SSD CI recipients. Both the unilateral Roger™ application on the NH ear or the CI as well as the bilateral Roger™ application can be recommended.
Subjective Age in the Oldest Old: What is the Association with Disability and Sensory Impairment?
Authors: Schroyen Sarah , Meillon Céeline , Marquet Manon , Dartigues Jean-François , Pérès Karine , Amieva Hélène
Published: April 2020

Abstract Background and Purpose Disability and sensory impairment are particularly pronounced among the oldest old population (80 years and older). Considering these specificities, we analyzed the association of such parameters with subjective age, a strong predictor
of health-related outcomes. We assumed that greater disability and sensory impairment (hearing and visual) would be linked with an older subjective age. Research Design Prospective population-based study. Study Sample Data were gathered from the 27th
year follow-up of the PAQUID cohort, visit where the question on subjective age was collected. Our sample included 75 participants older than 93 years, with a mean age of 96 years. Data Collection and Analysis Disability was assessed with Activities of Daily Living and sensory
impairments by asking participants if they have visual or hearing difficulties. A multiple linear regression model was performed with subjective age as the dependent variable. Independent variables were functional disability and visual and hearing impairments. Results On average,
the participants felt 12 years younger than their actual age. Multiple regression analyses controlled for age, gender, education, depression, and dementia indicated that self-reported hearing loss (p = 0.03) was associated with an older subjective age, whereas no significant
associations were observed for disability (p = 0.42) and self-reported visual loss (p = 0.18). Conclusions Hearing impairment, in contrast to visual impairment and disability, is associated with feeling older. These results are discussed
in light of health consequences and age stigma carried by hearing impairment.
Spatial Release from Masking Using Clinical Corpora: Sentence Recognition in a Colocated or Spatially Separated Speech Masker
Authors: King Grant , Corbin Nicole E. , Leibold Lori J. , Buss Emily
Published: April 2020

Abstract Background Speech recognition in complex multisource environments is challenging, particularly for listeners with hearing loss. One source of difficulty is the reduced ability of listeners with hearing loss to benefit from spatial separation of the target
and masker, an effect called spatial release from masking (SRM). Despite the prevalence of complex multisource environments in everyday life, SRM is not routinely evaluated in the audiology clinic. Purpose The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of assessing
SRM in adults using widely available tests of speech-in-speech recognition that can be conducted using standard clinical equipment. Research Design Participants were 22 young adults with normal hearing. The task was masked sentence recognition, using each of five clinically
available corpora with speech maskers. The target always sounded like it originated from directly in front of the listener, and the masker either sounded like it originated from the front (colocated with the target) or from the side (separated from the target). In the real spatial manipulation
conditions, source location was manipulated by routing the target and masker to either a single speaker or to two speakers: one directly in front of the participant, and one mounted in an adjacent corner, 90° to the right. In the perceived spatial separation conditions, the target
and masker were presented from both speakers with delays that made them sound as if they were either colocated or separated. Results With real spatial manipulations, the mean SRM ranged from 7.1 to 11.4 dB, depending on the speech corpus. With perceived spatial manipulations,
the mean SRM ranged from 1.8 to 3.1 dB. Whereas real separation improves the signal-to-noise ratio in the ear contralateral to the masker, SRM in the perceived spatial separation conditions is based solely on interaural timing cues. Conclusions The finding of robust
SRM with widely available speech corpora supports the feasibility of measuring this important aspect of hearing in the audiology clinic. The finding of a small but significant SRM in the perceived spatial separation conditions suggests that modified materials could be used to evaluate the
use of interaural timing cues specifically.
How Does Quality of Life Relate to Auditory Abilities? A Subitem Analysis of the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire
Authors: Vasil Kara J. , Lewis Jessica , Tamati Terrin , Ray Christin , Moberly Aaron C.
Published: April 2020

Abstract Background Objective speech recognition tasks are widely used to measure performance of adult cochlear implant (CI) users; however, the relationship of these measures with patient-reported quality of life (QOL) remains unclear. A comprehensive QOL measure,
the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ), has historically shown a weak association with speech recognition performance, but closer examination may indicate stronger relations between QOL and objective auditory performance, particularly when examining a broad range of auditory skills.
Purpose The aim of the present study was to assess the NCIQ for relations to speech and environmental sound recognition measures. Identifying associations with certain QOL domains, subdomains, and subitems would provide evidence that speech and environmental sound recognition measures
are relevant to QOL. A lack of relations among QOL and various auditory abilities would suggest potential areas of patient-reported difficulty that could be better measured or targeted. Research Design A cross-sectional study was performed in adult CI users to examine relations
among subjective QOL ratings on NCIQ domains, subdomains, and subitems with auditory outcome measures. Study Sample Participants were 44 adult experienced CI users. All participants were postlingually deafened and had met candidacy requirements for traditional cochlear implantation.
Data Collection and Analysis Participants completed the NCIQ as well as several speech and environmental sound recognition tasks: monosyllabic word recognition, standard and high-variability sentence recognition, audiovisual sentence recognition, and environmental sound identification.
Bivariate correlation analyses were performed to investigate relations among patient-reported NCIQ scores and the functional auditory measures. Results The total NCIQ score was not strongly correlated with any objective auditory outcome measures. The physical domain and the
advanced sound perception subdomain related to several measures, in particular monosyllabic word recognition and AzBio sentence recognition. Fourteen of the 60 subitems on the NCIQ were correlated with at least one auditory measure. Conclusions Several subitems demonstrated
moderate-to-strong correlations with auditory measures, indicating that these auditory measures are relevant to the QOL. A lack of relations with other subitems suggests a need for the development of objective measures that will better capture patients' hearing-related obstacles. Clinicians
may use information obtained through the NCIQ to better estimate real-world performance, which may support improved counseling and development of recommendations for CI patients.
ECOLOGICAL TURN-AROUND – TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Simonis Udo.E.
Published: April 2020

The current threatening environmental trends point to enormous environmental policy challenges at the national, regional and global levels. To improve this situation, it is necessary to begin fundamental economic and social transformations. Such processes create enormous political problems. The article analyses in detail four historical studies that explain the need for a global environmental shift, and explores the possibility of transformational processes. Transformation as a radical transformation is a valueoriented process.
WORLD EXPERIENCE: COMMERCIAL BANK CREDIT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Aslanishvili Davit
Published: April 2020

This research focuses on the problem of large scale disproportion of success in the development of the banking sector and mostly unsuccessful development of the real sector of the economy. It should be noted that this disproportion is a subject of consideration in contemporary economic literature and our research is an attempt to broaden the issue and share ideas inside the international scientific circles. The main problem in the research is the impact of the banking sector's credit portfolio and the functioning of credit markets on the economic growth of the country. In this regard, it is very important to identify, study the macroeconomic stabilization and accelerated economic growth of the country and analyse the impact mechanisms of the credit market factors on economic growth. The conclusion that combines many of the research and opinions given in the survey can be as follows: From the economic point of view, the main function of banks is to increase the financing/lending of funds as the core point to increase investments in the economy. Thus, the development of the country in economic terms depends on the increase of investments. At present, it is in the hands of the banking sector whether to lead us to economic immobility or to accelerate the country's economic development through efficient allocation of resources.
ANALYSIS OF LITHUANIAN REGIONAL DEMOCRACY ACCORDING TO THE ARTICLES OF EUROPEAN CHARTER OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
Authors: Kaklys Karolis
Published: April 2020

The poorly addressed problem of motivation of self‐government democracy may hinder direct involvement of inhabitants in the process of public affairs management and decision‐making on social, political, cultural, economic and other issues of selfgovernment. The right of citizens to participate in public affairs is defined in the preamble to the Charter as one of the fundamental principles of democracy. Moreover, Lithuania has ratified the European Charter of Local Self‐Government (1999), while committing itself to implement its provisions in the national legal system. As with all Council of Europe multilateral treaties, there is a certain monitoring system for the proper implementation of the Charter of Local Self‐Government, which is one of the institutional tools for enforcement is Group of independent experts. Therefore, the research aims to determine the level of expression of the principles enshrined in the European Charter of Local SelfGovernment in Lithuanian national law; to reveal the influence of the principles enshrined in the European Charter of Local SelfGovernment on the democratic processes in Lithuanian selfgovernment; to put forward solutions for the Lithuanian legislator on issues identified related to questions analysed in order to improve national legal regulation. The research will use theoretical, historical, empirical, comparative and analytical methods.
Securing Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Using Embedded Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Ali Qutaiba , Lazim Sahar , Fathi Enaam
Published: April 2020

This paper focuses on designing distributed wireless sensor network gateways armed with Intrusion Detection System (IDS). The main contribution of this work is the attempt to insert IDS functionality into the gateway node (UBICOM IP2022 network processor chip) itself. This was achieved by building a light weight signature based IDS based on the famous open source SNORT IDS. Regarding gateway nodes, as they have limited processing and energy constrains, the addition of further tasks (the IDS program) may affects seriously on its performance, so that, the current design takes these constrains into consideration as a priority and use a special protocol to achieve this goal. In order to optimize the performance of the gateway nodes, some of the preprocessing tasks were offloaded from the gateway nodes to a suggested classification and processing server and a new searching algorithm was suggested. Different measures were taken to validate the design procedure and a detailed simulation model was built to discover the behavior of the system in different environments.
NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS: RECURSOS PARA UMA ESCRITA COGNITIVA
Authors: Barbosa Gomes Pereira Andrea
Published: April 2020

Este artigo objetiva discorrer de forma breve acerca das contribuições das novas tecnologias para uma produção textual cognitiva a  artir das ferramentas e recursos tecnológicos. Sabe-se que a escrita é um elemento fundamental na vida cotidiana e seu  nsinamento, principalmente em escolas públicas, constitui um grande desafio aos educadores. Em decorrência, assinalam-se  uestões sobre do papel dos educadores diante das demandas socioculturais contemporâneas, apontam-se alguns levantamentos  om vistas a enfrentar o desafio de pensar uma sala de aula que alcance outros espaços e tempos. Nesse paradigma, o  uestionamento levantado foi se práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas atualmente preparam os alunos para uma escrita cognitiva. A  etodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica num paradigma qualitativo. Os resultados apontam para implicações positivas  uanto à integração das TDIC nas práticas pedagógicas para a produção textual. Os teóricos aqui reportados são: Guaresi; Borba,  ereira e Santos; Carnin, Graça e Pereira; Almeida e Valente; Silva; Santaella; Rangel e Rojo; Moura e Rojo.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA DIDÁTICA DOCENTE NOS CURSOS DE PEDAGOGIA
Authors: De Proença dos Santos Gabriela
Published: April 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo discutir e ressaltar a didática como recurso e elemento fundamental para a eficácia e adequação à  ovos contextos de ensino-aprendizagem nos cursos de Pedagogia. A metodologia adotada trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, a partir  e revisão bibliográfica, que embasou a discussão do tema. Após análise de conteúdo das literaturas, ficou claro a importância da  idática na contribuição da formação docente sob a ótica das mudanças pelas quais a educação vem passando ao longo dos anos  uanto à formação e o papel do docente universitário.
A SIMBOLOGIA DO IMAGINÁRIO POPULAR NAS FESTAS JUNINAS
Authors: Ribeiro Soares Nascimento Dulcilene
Published: April 2020

Do ponto de vista das tradições regionais brasileiras, nenhuma tem a abrangência mais especificamente no nordeste brasileiro que as festas juninas. Além do sentido cultural que envolve as tradições e o lúdico, o sentido econômico que envolve desde o turismo até a movimentação das as pequenas economias e do comércio as festas de Santo Antônio, de São João e de São Pedro, respectivamente são sem dúvida muito o grande ponto de congregação cultural no nordeste brasileiro. Este artigo discute a importância dessas festividades desde a sua simbologia no imaginário popular até a sua influência na economia das cidades, principalmente os municípios de pequeno porte do nordeste do Brasil.
Geotechnical Characterization of Biochar-Based Biocover
Authors: Ademola Taiwo, Ridwan , Habeeb Adegoke Adesola , Ayobami Mojeed Mutiu
Published: April 2020

Landfills are one of the major sources of
methane (CH4) emission which is a very potent greenhouse
gas. The use of a natural process for microbial CH4
oxidation through biocovers provides a source reduction of
CH4 emission. Previous studies have mostly focused on
biochemical properties, and limited research has been
conducted with regards to the geotechnical
characterization of biochar based biocovers. This paper
presents the results of a comprehensive laboratory
investigation on laterite, Igbokoda sand and their mixtures
with biochar at 2%, 4%, 8%, 10% and 20% to determine
the compaction properties of biochar based biocovers.
From the result, it was shown that the laterite has medium
plasticity while the Igbokoda sand is non-plastic. Also,
Addition of biochar to landfill cover soil increased the
particle sizes, and consequently the porosity of the soil is
increased which can promote the air flow through the
landfill cover. Thus, greater O2 diffusion within the
landfill cover will result, leading to higher microbial
oxidation/degradation of CH4. Maximum dry unit weight
decreased and the optimum water content partly increased
as the biochar content increased with the two samples.
Compaction test results show that when biochar content
varied from 0 to 20% for the laterite, the maximum dry
unit weight decreased from 1660kg/m3 to 1330kg/m3 and
decreased from 1590kg/m3 to 1390kg/m3 for Igbokoda
Sand. Thus, the results presented in this paper will
contribute to a better understanding of the geotechnical
behaviour of biochar based biocover.
Hypothesis: Advanced Biotechnological Treatment Approaches Against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Orkhan Farmanli , Melike Uysal , Emre Ayhan Yunus , Cihan Gokdemir , Faruk Donmez Omer , Samet Bastug , Murat Parlak , Ilknur Uckun , Alemdar Jafarov , Ibrahim Pamuk , Kubra Farmanli , Ihsan Karatas
Published: April 2020

The new type of coronavirus, called COVID19, which began to spread all over the world, caused a pandemic. According to the 24th March data, there is no cure for this viral acute respiratory disease, which caused 17,147 deaths. Healthcare professionals use medications used in previous coronavirus-induced diseases to relieve symptoms in treatment. Researchers, on the other hand, evaluate the comparative effects of these drugs and try to find a new drug or vaccine. We are publishing a study that biotechnological combinations of used and non-toxic effective drugs can be an effective approach to the disease.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Lactobacilli and Pediococci isolated from traditional Algerian fermentation products
Authors: Adjoudj F. , Guessas B. , Spano Giuseppe , Capozzi Vittorio , Kihal M.
Published: April 2020

In Algeria, as in many other countries of the world, there are several tradi-tional dairy products whose method of production has been driven from the cultural heritage of the population. These products are derived from the processing of milk in order to extend their shelf life. In the present study, a batch of 40 samples of fermented dairy products, collected from different regions in Algeria was subjected to a microbiological analysis, in order to determine the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacilli and Pediococci) and to study their technological characteristics. Among 463 lactic acid bacte-ria isolated, 168 strains were selected. A phenotypic identification, based on morphological and biochemical criteria has been performed followed by a genotypic characterization by PCR and sequencing of the gene coding for 16S rRNA, using advanced molecular techniques and large-scale bioinformatics software. The results obtained showed that the lactic acid bacteria isolated from the fermented dairy products belonged to the genera Pediococcus and Lactobacillus with a dominance of the genus Lactobacillus compared to the total number of identified strains. This confirm that Lactobacilli do have sta-ble growth in acidic environment.
ATLIEKINĖS ŠILUMOS PANAUDOJIMO GALIMYBĖS GAMYBOS PASKIRTIES PASTATE TAIKANT PINČ METODĄ
Authors: Blinstrubis Martynas , Šiupšinskas Giedrius
Published: April 2020

Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas atliekinės šilumos panaudojimo galimybės pramonės paskirties pastate šildymo
sezono laikotarpiu. Darbo tikslas – išanalizavus pastato šildymo srautus, nustatyti ekonomiškai atsiperkančias investicijas
į šilumokaičių tinklą, panaudojant atliekinės šilumos srautus, kurie susidaro aušinant kompresorius. Uždavinys
sprendžiamas naudojant pinč analizės metodiką. Šiluminės energijos srautai ir šilumokaičių tinklas yra modeliuojamas
naudojant „PinCH 3.0“ programinę įrangą. Nustatyta, kad pasitelkus pinč analizę įmanoma atgauti ir panaudoti net iki
48 % daugiau šiluminės energijos lyginant su pirminiu projekto variantu.
A+ ENERGINĖS KLASĖS GYVENAMOJO PASTATO ENERGIJOS POREIKIŲ PALYGINIMAS SKIRTINGOMIS KLIMATO SĄLYGOMIS
Authors: Grinevičiūtė Monika , Valančius Kęstutis
Published: April 2020

Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas A+ energinės klasės gyvenamojo pastato energijos poreikis skirtingose Europos
klimato zonose. Siekiant išsiaiškinti klimatinių sąlygų daromą įtaką pastato energijos suvartojimui, gyvenamasis pastatas
analizuojamas keturiais skirtingais variantais – naudojant Lietuvos, Suomijos, Austrijos bei Italijos klimatinius duomenis.
Pastatas modeliuojamas „IDA Indoor Climate and Energy“ kompiuterinio modeliavimo programiniu paketu. Pastato
modelis sukuriamas pagal tiriamose valstybėse galiojančius įstatymus energetiškai efektyviems pastatams. Darbo
tikslas – išsiaiškinti pastato pirminės energijos poreikių ir klimatinių sąlygų priklausomybę. Spartėjant klimato kaitai bei
kintant klimato sąlygoms, tokio pobūdžio analizė padės tinkamai įvertinti energines ir ekonomines sąnaudas.
ORINIO ŠILUMOS SIURBLIO ŠILUMOKAIČIO UŽŠALIMO MAŽINIMO IR VALDYMO BŪDAI
Authors: Kropas Tomas , Streckienė Giedrė
Published: April 2020

Vis plačiau naudojant šilumos siurblius pastatų šildymui šaltuoju metų sezonu, išryškėja jų garintuvo
šilumokaičio užšalimo problema. Šiame straipsnyje aptariamos pagrindinės užšalimo sukeliamos problemos, jų įtaka
sistemos veikimui bei įrenginio efektyvumui – COP. Taip pat pateikiamos pagrindinės šerkšno ir ledo susidarymo
mažinimo bei valdymo priemonės. Pastarosios išskiriamos į dvi grupes: aktyviąsias ir pasyviąsias. Aktyviosios priemonės
daugiau susijusios su šilumos siurblio šilumokaičių paviršiaus apdirbimu, bet jų įtaka, palyginus su aktyviosiomis
priemonėmis, yra mažesnė. Tarp aktyviųjų priemonių, kurių įtaka didesnė, bene, populiariausios yra reversinis šilumos
siurblio ciklas ir karštų garų apėjimo linija (ang. hot gas bypass). Kitos apžvelgiamos priemonės reikalauja papildomos
įrangos, dėl kurių išauga sistemos kaštai bei sudėtingumas. Vis dėlto, geriausią rezultatą galima pasiekti derinant
aktyviąsias ir pasyviąsias priemones.
Difference of Intermittency between Electric Field and Magnetic Field Fluctuations from Ion Scale Down to Sub-electron Scale in the Magnetosheath Turbulence
Authors: Zhu Xingyu , He Jiansen , Wang Ying , Sorriso-Valvo Luca
Published: April 2020

We use the measurements from the Magnetospheric MultiScale spacecraft to study the intermittency of the magnetic field (B-field) and electric field (E-field) fluctuations from ion scales (around 1 Hz in the spacecraft frame) to sub-electron scales (about 1000Hz) in the magnetosheath. For the first time, this study shows remarkable differences of intermittent properties between these two fields: (1) The multiorder structure functions of E-field trace fluctuations are more flattened as compared to those of B-field trace fluctuations. (2) The flatness of E-field fluctuations increases monotonically with decreasing scales and eventually exceeds 100 at 1000 Hz, whereas the flatness of B-field fluctuations does not rise so high (less than 100) and tends to fall off at frequencies larger than 1000 Hz. (3) It is revealed that ζ(p) monotonically and quasi-linearly increases with increasing p for B-field fluctuations even at sub-electron scales. However, ζ(p) for E-field is concave, turning over at around p = 2 from increasing to decreasing trends. We quantitatively analyze and find that, with decreasing scales (defined as τ), the variance of

(defined as λ
2), where σ is the local standard deviation, increases much more slowly than the most probable

(defined as μ) decreases (i.e.,

) for the B-field case, while the changing rate of the two quantities are of the same order

for the E-field case. These results indicate the distinct intermittency nature between magnetic and electric fields and impose a constraint on theoretical turbulence models.
NuSTAR Observation of a Minuscule Microflare in a Solar Active Region
Authors: Cooper Kristopher , Hannah Iain G. , Grefenstette Brian W. , Glesener Lindsay , Krucker Säm , Hudson Hugh S. , White Stephen M. , Smith David M.
Published: April 2020

We present X-ray imaging spectroscopy of one of the weakest active region (AR) microflares ever studied. The microflare occurred at ∼11:04 UT on 2018 September 9 and we studied it using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) and the Solar Dynamic Observatory’s Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA). The microflare is observed clearly in 2.5–7 keV with NuSTAR and in Fe xviii emission derived from the hotter component of the 94 Å SDO/AIA channel. We estimate the event to be three orders of magnitude lower than a GOES A class microflare with an energy of 1.1 × 1026 erg. It reaches temperatures of 6.7 MK with an emission measure of 8.0 × 1043 cm−3. Non-thermal emission is not detected but we instead determine upper limits to such emission. We present the lowest thermal energy estimate for an AR microflare in literature, which is at the lower limits of what is still considered an X-ray microflare.
Systematic Characterization of and Search for Activity in Potentially Active Asteroids
Authors: Mommert Michael , Trilling David E. , Hora Joseph L. , Lejoly Cassandra , Gustafsson Annika , Knight Matthew , Moskovitz Nick , Smith Howard A.
Published: April 2020

We report on our long-term observational campaign to characterize and monitor a select sample of 75 dynamically selected dormant comet candidates and six near-Sun asteroids. Both asteroid subpopulations can be considered likely to display comet-like activity. Dormant comets are currently inactive comet nuclei that can still harbor volatiles in subsurface layers, whereas near-Sun asteroids have extremely low perihelion distances and are thus prone to catastrophic disruption. As a result of our 4 yr long observing campaign, we find only dormant comet 3552 Don Quixote to show activity during our program. We furthermore find that (51 ± 10)% of dynamically selected dormant comet candidates in near-Earth space have comet-like physical properties, as well as (56 ± 16)% of dynamically selected dormant comet candidates in other parts of the solar system. All of our near-Sun asteroid sample targets are of nonprimitive nature, suggesting that primitive near-Sun asteroids are more likely to disrupt than nonprimitives. We furthermore find a significant fraction of our near-Sun asteroid sample to display extremely blue V–I color indices, potentially hinting at physical alterations of surface material close to the Sun.
Coronavirus crisis and its effects on the economy
Authors: Buklemishev Oleg V.
Published: April 2020

Unlike the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, the current economic turmoil turns to be more severe and lasting being aggravated by the epidemiological uncertainties. This fact is mainly due to the specifics of the crisis in terms of its main transmission channels (via demand, supply, finance and expectations) and its likely consequences, including technological shift, varying the direction and volume of trade flows, adjustments of structural proportions and relative prices and most of all – socio-cultural change bringing about the increased role of the state and de-globalization deepening. These post-crisis effects and the uncertain prospects of recovery are considered in the article.
Description of six new large species of Argentinomyia Lynch-Arribálzaga, 1891 and redescription of Talahua fervida (Fluke, 1945) (Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae)
Authors: Montoya Augusto L. , Wolff Marta
Published: April 2020

The morphological similarities between five new large Argentinomyia species and Talahua fervida Fluke are characterized and presented. Six new species of Argentinomyia (10–12 mm long) are described: Argentinomyia andina Montoya & Wolff, sp. nov. (Colombia), Argentinomyia choachi Montoya, sp. nov. (Colombia), Argentinomyia quimbaya Montoya & Wolff, sp. nov. (Colombia), Argentinomyia huitepecensis Montoya, sp. nov. (México), Argentinomyia puntarena Montoya, sp. nov. (Costa Rica), and Argentinomyia talamanca Thompson, sp. nov. (Costa Rica). The genus Talahua Fluke is re-diagnosed and, Talahua fervida redescribed. A taxonomic key and a comparison of diagnostic characters are presented. Photographs of head, abdominal and wing maculae patterns, as well as illustrations of male genitalia are provided for species identification.
Melorheostosis in the Upper Extremity
Authors: Yildirim Cengiz , Özyürek Selahattin , Çiçek Engin Ilker , Kuskucu Mesih
Published: April 2020

Melorheostosis is a rare mesodermal disease affecting the skeleton and adjacent soft tissues. Often it is incidentally detected on radiographs. In the standard radiology and orthopedics literature, melorheostosis is described as a “flowing hyperostosis, resembling dripping candle wax as an incidental radiographic finding.”

A 22-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of right-hand pain. Radiologic evaluation of the hand showed massive sclerotic changes in the first and second metacarpal and phalangeal bones on the right side. Further radiographic evaluation of the right upper extremity revealed the same sclerotic changes in the right scapula, humerus, radius, and scaphoid. Computed tomography (CT) scans showed a high attenuation undulating cortical hyperostosis with a “dripping candle wax appearance” involving the radial and/or dorsal aspects of humerus, radius, scaphoid, and first and second ray bones of the hand. Radionuclide triphasic bone scintigraphy showed diffuse homogenous radiotracer uptake within the entire right upper extremity involving the scapula, humerus, radius, scaphoid, and first and second metacarpals and phalangeal bones of the hand. The patient was followed conservatively, and 1-year follow-up revealed no change in the clinical, laboratory, or radiological findings. The diagnosis of melorheostosis was made on the basis of the characteristic distribution, location, and combined radiographic, CT, and radionuclide imaging features of the abnormalities. Conservative treatment was recommended for the patient. After 26 months of follow-up, despite the persistence of the radiologic findings, the patient is currently well, with no painful symptoms unless he performs forceful exercise.
Solution of contrast structure type for a reaction-diffusion equation with discontinuous reactive term
Authors: Wu Xiao , Ni Mingkang
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we consider the Dirichlet boundary value problem for a singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion equation with discontinuous reactive term. We use the asymptotic analysis to construct the formal asymptotic approximation of the solution with internal and boundary layers. The internal layer is located in the vicinity of a curve of the discontinuous reactive term. By using sufficiently precise lower and upper solutions, we prove the existence of a periodic solution and estimate the accuracy of its asymptotic approximation.
Higher order convergence for a class of set differential equations with initial conditions
Authors: Wang Peiguang , Wu Xiran , Liu Huina
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we obtain some rapid convergence results for a class of set differential equations with initial conditions. By introducing the partial derivative of set valued function and the \begin{document}$ m $\end{document}-hyperconvex/hyperconcave functions (\begin{document}$ m\ge 1 $\end{document}), and using the comparison principle and quasilinearization, we derive two monotone iterative sequences of approximate solutions of such equations that involve the sum of two functions, and these approximate solutions converge uniformly to the unique solution with higher order.
تأسيس البعثات الطلابية اليمنية في مصر في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين
Authors: الصفواني صادق محمد
Published: April 2020

هذا البحث يتناول تأسيس البعثات الطلابية اليمنية في مصر في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين، وهي البدايات الأولى التي هاجر فيها اليمنيون إلى الخارج بهدف دراسة العلوم المدنية الحديثة، التي كانت لا تحظى بقبول السلطات. وقد سعى ثلاثة من المفكرين اليمنيين من الشمال والجنوب هم محمد علي لُقْمان، وأحمد الأصْنَج، وأحمد محمد النُّعْمان، لمقاومة تلك السياسات المعيقة للتطور، بتجاوزهم العوائق بالبحث عن منح دراسية في الخارج، فتعاطف معهم المسؤولون في بعض الدول العربية منها مصر. ويسلط البحث الضوء على دورا النعمان والأصنج في إرسال ثلاث بعثات يمنية إلى القاهرة حتى عام 1940م، وبعدها توالت البعثات اليمنية المختلفة للدراسة في مصر حتى أصبحت بالآلاف، وهو ما جعلها تسهم بشكل كبير بعد عودتها في إذكاء الوعي الثقافي والاجتماعي والسياسي، وتسهم في إدخال التعليم الحديث ورفع مستواه، ويعود الدور الأكبر في تلك التحولات إلى النعمان و محمد سالم البَيْحاني مؤسسا نظامي التعليم (المدارس الحديثة والمعاهد العلمية) في اليمن، اللذين مازالت لمخرجاتهما أثر على الواقع التعليمي والثقافي والسياسي في اليمن حتى الآن. والبحث يستنتج أيضاً بأن البعثات اليمنية إلى مصر منذ التأسيس أسهمت في بلورة العلاقات اليمنية‑المصرية حكومة وشعباً.
Dynamics of proteins, carbohydrates and global DNA methylation patterns during induction of nodular cluster cultures from seeds of Vriesea reitzii
Authors: Corredor Jenny , De Conti Daniela , Guerra Miguel Pedro , Dal Vesco Lirio Luiz , Pescador Rosete
Published: April 2020

Tissue culture techniques have been employed for bromeliad mass propagation by means of the morphogenetic route of nodular cluster cultures (NCs). This study aimed to assess protein, carbohydrate and global DNA methylation (GDM) level dynamics during NCs induction from Vriesea reitzii seeds. Seeds were inoculated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with 4 µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to induce NCs and in culture medium without plant growth regulators to form normal seedlings. Samples collected at 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days of culture were analyzed. All parameters assessed showed the same variation pattern. However, seeds inducing NCs showed significantly lower starch (6.0 mg g-1 FM), carbohydrate (10.7 mg g-1 FM) and GDM (11.0%) levels than seeds forming normal seedlings after 21 days in culture. On the other hand, the protein content (9.1 mg g-1 FM) was significantly higher during induction. NCs induction process through seeds is the result of gene reprogramming in the explant, which leads to morphological, biochemical and metabolic alterations. This involves dedifferentiation, high cell proliferation, high energy demand and protein synthesis, which is related to elevated metabolic activity.
Estimates of genetic parameters and path analysis of crambe: An important oil plant for biofuel production
Authors: Vasconcelos Ubieli Alves Araújo , Dias Luiz Antônio dos Santos , Corrêa Thais Roseli , Rosmaninho Lucas Barbosa de Castro , Silva Dandara Rêgo Muniz da , Zaidan Iasmine Ramos
Published: April 2020

Crambe is an oilseed plant producing oil that can be used for various industrial purposes, including the production of biofuel. It is a short-cycle, non-food plant that can be grown as a second crop following soybean or corn crops and using the same agricultural machinery. This work aimed to estimate genetic parameters and correlations between traits of genotypes grown for two years in seven locations in two Brazilian states. The cultivar FMS Brilhante and the lines CR 1101, CR 1102, CR 1105, CR 1202, CR 1303, and CR 1304 were used. The traits evaluated were grain yield (YD), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), first fruiting branch height (BH), 1,000-seed weight (SW), and number of branches (NB). The correlations between traits were identified from the phenotypic covariance matrix through path analysis. Based on the joint analysis, the interaction of genotypes x years x locations was observed. Expressive genetic variability was verified for all evaluated traits, which allows gains to be made with the selection of genotypes. High broad-sense heritabilities based on plot means were verified for YD, BH, and SW (82, 84 and 77%, respectively), which indicates the possibility of directly selecting them. SW and SD showed the greatest direct effects and strongest correlations with YD.