bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MONOS: Multiplicity Of Northern O-type Spectroscopic systems
Authors: Maíz Apellániz J. , Trigueros Páez E. , Negueruela I. , Barbá R. H. , Simón-Díaz S. , Lorenzo J. , Sota A. , Gamen R. C. , Fariña C. , Salas J. , Caballero J. A. , Morrell N. I. , Pellerin A. , Alfaro E. J. , Herrero A. , Arias J. I. , Marco A.
Published: May 2019

Context. Multiplicity in massive stars is key to understanding the chemical and dynamical evolution of galaxies. Among massive stars, those of O type play a crucial role due to their high masses and short lifetimes.

Aims. MONOS (Multiplicity Of Northern O-type Spectroscopic systems) is a project designed to collect information and study O-type spectroscopic binaries with δ >  −20°. In this first paper we describe the sample and provide spectral classifications and additional information for objects with previous spectroscopic and/or eclipsing binary orbits. In future papers we will test the validity of previous solutions and calculate new spectroscopic orbits.

Methods. The spectra in this paper have two sources: the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS), a project that obtains blue-violet R ∼ 2500 spectroscopy of thousands of massive stars, and LiLiMaRlin, a library of libraries of high-resolution spectroscopy of massive stars obtained from four different surveys (CAFÉ-BEANS, OWN, IACOB, and NoMaDS) and additional data from our own observing programs and public archives. We have also used lucky images obtained with AstraLux.

Results. We present homogeneous spectral classifications for 92 O-type spectroscopic multiple systems and ten optical companions, many of them original. We discuss the visual multiplicity of each system with the support of AstraLux images and additional sources. For eleven O-type objects and for six B-type objects we present their first GOSSS spectral classifications. For two known eclipsing binaries we detect double absorption lines (SB2) or a single moving line (SB1) for the first time, to which we add a third system reported by us recently. For two previous SB1 systems we detect their SB2 nature for the first time and give their first separate spectral classifications, something we have also done for a third object just recently identified as a SB2. We also detect nine new astrometric companions and provide updated information on several others. We emphasize the results for two stars: for σ Ori AaAbB we provide spectral classifications for the three components with a single observation for the first time thanks to a lucky spectroscopy observation obtained close to the Aa,Ab periastron and for θ1 Ori CaCb we add it to the class of Galactic Of?p stars, raising the number of its members to six. Our sample of O-type spectroscopic binaries contains more triple- or higher-order systems than double systems.
7.1 keV sterile neutrino dark matter constraints from a deepChandraX-ray observation of the Galactic bulge Limiting Window
Authors: Hofmann F. , Wegg C.
Published: May 2019

Context. An unidentified emission line at 3.55 keV was recently detected in X-ray spectra of clusters of galaxies. The line has been discussed as a possible decay signature of 7.1 keV sterile neutrinos, which have been proposed as a dark matter (DM) candidate.

Aims. We aim to further constrain the line strength and its implied mixing angle under the assumption that all DM is made of sterile neutrinos.

Methods. The X-ray observations of the Limiting Window (LW) towards the Galactic bulge (GB) offer a unique dataset for exploring DM lines. We characterise the systematic uncertainties of the observation and the fitted models with simulated X-ray spectra. In addition, we discuss uncertainties of indirect DM column density constraints towards the GB to understand systematic uncertainties in the assumed DM mass in the field of view of the observation.

Results. We find tight constraints on the allowed flux for an additional line at 3.55 keV with a positive (∼1.5σ) best fit valueFX3.55 keV ≈ (4.5 ± 3.5) × 10−7 cts cm−2 s−1. This would translate into a mixing angle of sin2(2Θ) ≈ (2.3 ± 1.8) × 10−11which, while consistent with some recent results, is in tension with earlier detections.

Conclusions. We used a very deep dataset with well understood systematic uncertainties to derive tight constraints on the mixing angle of a 7.1 keV sterile neutrino DM candidate. The results highlight that the inner Milky Way will be a good target for DM searches with upcoming missions like eROSITA, XRISM, and ATHENA.
Constructions du féminin dans une Tunisie en mutation
Authors: Ben Smaïl Nedra
Published: May 2019

À partir de la clinique des adolescentes, ce texte rend compte de la manière avec laquelle dans la Tunisie actuelle, le désir au féminin se déploie, et comment les jeunes filles se saisissent des nouveaux appuis réels et symboliques pour opérer le franchissement générationnel, rejoindre leur singularité et construire leur identité sexuée, leur rapport au corps et au sexe. Lorsque le politique se transforme, il entraine avec lui, au-delà d’une parole libérée, l’émergence pour chacun, de la question du féminin qui refuse l’univocité de ce qu’est la femme et que la tradition tend à imposer. L’article repose sur deux méthodes. D’une part, il prend appui sur trois temps d’une cure analytique au long cours d’une jeune femme; d’autre part il analyse le parcours d’Amina, personnage public et Femen, dont les propos éclairent cette construction du féminin. Il conclut sur l’hypothèse que les demandes d’analyse de femmes sont traversées par un véritable questionnement sur le contenu de la rencontre sexuelle, un désir de savoir sur le féminin, et sur le rapport des sexes. Les femmes tunisiennes, « génération révolution », sont de plus en plus nombreuses à s’opposer au monolithisme structurel des sociétés dites arabo-musulmanes, mais aussi au monolithisme de la pensée occidentale, qui toutes deux proposent une vision préconçue de ce qu’est le féminin dans le monde arabe.
Trajectoires et répercussions traumatiques de la violence en Centrafrique
Authors: Diloo Sadia
Published: May 2019

Le texte qui suit aborde l’incidence que peut avoir la violence sur la santé mentale de la population en Centrafrique. D’après l’analyse proposée, cette violence peut être décrite comme étant structurelle parce qu’elle s’infiltre dans tous les domaines de la vie, mais elle est aussi ce que renvoie la communauté internationale en se désintéressant de la cause centrafricaine. À travers le suivi d’un jeune homme à la fois victime et auteur de violences, une compréhension des mécanismes de cette violence a pu être développée et permis le questionnement du concept de victime et d’agresseur dans le contexte de la crise centrafricaine. Par la suite les partages de l’équipe de travailleurs psychosociaux, confrontée à des suivis similaires ont permis d’aiguiser cette réflexion et de la préciser. Ainsi, plusieurs cas rencontrés en groupe et en individuels donnent le sentiment d’illustrer une pensée poreuse, défaillante et liée au contexte du pays gangréné par la violence et marqué par l’exil.
La lecture dissociative de la psychose au service d’une psychiatrie débarrassée du transfert
Authors: Tyszler Jean-Jacques
Published: May 2019

Comment expliquer que pour tant de psychiatres et de clinicines de l’Ancien et du Nouveau monde, le diagnostic de schizophrénie soit devenu la catégorie la plus utilisée, reléguant dans l’ombre d’uatres formes de psychose ?

Les DSM successifs sont en bonne part responsable d’un tel usage de la « schizophrénie » venant effacer la pertinence d’un diagnostic de paranoïa. Dans l’œuvre de Freud, la paranoïa constituait un point de repère essentiel, et Lacan a prolongé cet abord de la psychose.

L’Auteur remarque que cet affadissement et cette uniformisation des diagnostics sous le primat de la schizophrénie va de pair avec l’exclusion d’une clinique rapportée aux repérages des phénomènes de transfert au profit d’un intérêt exclusif pour l’occupationnel.

Il importe, néanmoins, de souligner la fécondité des recherches cliniques contemporaines, averties des thèses lacaniennes et les prolongeant, ainsi que le fait Marcel Czermak en proposant, par exemple d’examiner l es formes contemporaines de la paranoïa à l’aide de l’hypothèse de « psychose sans moi ».
Entre science et psychanalyse : l’autiste un platonicien lacanien
Authors: Sauret Marie-Jean
Published: May 2019

Tout poussait Daniel Tammet et Josef Schovanec vers un langage sans parole et inapte au sens, jusqu’à construire un Autre de synthèse, mathématique : débilité assurée en ce qui concerne les questions existentielles, le sujet étant là « à côté de la plaque », entre discours du maître savant et discours universitaire de l’éducation. Mais ni l’un ni l’autre n’a consenti à se reconnaître dans l’autisme qu’ils admettent pourtant comme une caractéristique. Ce décalage les a mis sur la voie de la recherche de ce qui pourrait bien faire leur singularité (la voix pour l’un), et d’adresses susceptibles de l’accueillir. Pour répondre, ils ont mobilisé le discours scientifique jusqu’à en traquer les limites (le point d’incertitude) au-delà desquelles et grâce auxquelles le sujet trouve à se loger via ce qui lui sert de symptôme et fait objection à la logique de la globalisation contemporaine. C’est le décalage revendiqué avec l’autisme sa mise « à la bonne place » (je ne suis pas autiste, mais je vis avec) qui les sort de la débilité menaçante.
Radiological, functional, and anatomical outcome in patients with osteoarthritic knee undergoing high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Habib Muhammad Khurram , Khan Zeeshan Ali
Published: May 2019

Objective: To determine the radiological, functional, and anatomical outcome in patients with osteoarthritic knee undergoing high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Design of study: Descriptive case series.

Study duration and settings: The present study was a descriptive case series carried out at the Orthopedic Departments of District Head Quarter Hospital Faisalabad affiliated with Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad from Jan 2014 to March 2018.

Methodology: This study involved 40 patients of both genders, aged between 40 and 65 years having advanced degenerative disease of knee limited to medial compartment of joint. These patients were treated by medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) and outcome was evaluated after 5 years of surgery in terms of radiological knee mechanics, functional outcome scores, and arthroscopic evidence of cartilage regeneration in the medial compartment. A signed written consent was taken from every patient.

Findings:There was a female predominance with a male-to-female ratio of 1:4. The mean age of the patients was 53.2 ± 6.9 years. The values of the radiographic parameters significantly changed from pre-operative condition after HTO; mechanical tibiofemoral angle [MTFA, (−8.1 ± 1.2° vs. 2.5 ± 1.2°;p-value < 0.0001)], tibial plateau inclination [TPI, (5.3 ± 1.1° vs. 3.4 ± 1.1°;p-value < 0.0001)], knee joint line orientation relative to the ground [G-KJLO, (0.3 ± 0.1° vs. 4.6 ± 1.5°;p-value < 0.0001)], and ankle joint line orientation relative to the ground [G-AJLO (8.3 ± 3.2° vs. 2.3 ± 1.7°;p-value < 0.0001)]. There was significant improvement in patient’s functional status; KOOS-ADL score (45.5 ± 7.8 vs. 73.7 ± 8.6;p-value < 0.0001), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score (42.4 ± 6.9 vs. 68.5 ± 12.7;p-value < 0.0001), International Knee Society (IKS) score (149.4 ± 11.9 vs. 179.4 ± 10.2;p-value < 0.0001), Knee Society Score [KSS, (54.2 ± 5.6 vs. 69.7 ± 12.7;p-value < 0.0001)], and Hospital for Special Surgery [HSS, (50.8 ± 3.3 vs. 64.8 ± 10.7;p-value < 0.0001)]. 42.5% patients showed excellent regeneration of femoral and 30.0% patients showed excellent regeneration of tibial cartilage in the medial compartment.

Conclusion: By significantly alternating the knee biomechanics, HTO was found to unload the medial compartment leading to regeneration of the articular cartilage and significant improvement in patient’s symptoms and quality of life. It is therefore recommended in the management of patients with arthritic changes limited to medial compartment only.
Efficacy of continuous local cryotherapy following total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Iwakiri Kentaro , Kobayashi Akio , Takeuchi Yuichi , Kimura Yusuke , Ohta Yoichi , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: May 2019

Background: Cryotherapy is rarely reported on the usefulness of cryotherapy applied after total hip arthroplasty (THA), and there are no reports about patient satisfaction against the cryotherapy following THA. The aim of this study was whether cryotherapy can be useful for relieving pain, reducing blood loss, and swelling, and improving patient satisfaction after THA.

Methods: Thirty patients who had undergone THA were treated by a controlled cooling device for 72 h following THA (defined as the cryotherapy group). The other 30 patients without cryotherapy were not treated with cryotherapy (defined as the control group). Blood samples (creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein), estimated blood loss, visual analog scale (VAS) of pain score, total doses of diclofenac sodium suppository used for pain relief, thigh swelling, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and adverse outcomes were compared between two groups.

Results: Thigh circumference, measured on only day 4 postoperatively, was significantly lower in the cryotherapy than in the control group. Furthermore, patient satisfaction on postoperative days 4 and 7 was significantly higher in the cryotherapy than in the control group. There were no significant differences in other outcomes between groups.

Conclusions: These results support the potential benefit of cryotherapy for the reduction of swelling, and patient satisfaction during postoperative recovery of patients undergoing THA, even in the presence of periarticular injection and tranexamic acid administration for the prevention of postoperative pain and bleeding. Postoperative cryotherapy is a potentially simple, noninvasive, and relatively inexpensive option for post-THA management.
Revue de méthodes longitudinales pour examiner la dynamique des émotions en contexte compétitif
Authors: Cece Valérian , Guillet-Descas Emma , Martinent Guillaume
Published: May 2019

L’étude des émotions en sport s’est largement développée ces dernières années par l’exploration de leur dynamique et la reconnaissance du rôle du contexte social dans leur déclenchement. Le choix de l’utilisation d’une méthodologie appropriée au regard des objectifs de l’étude revêt ainsi une importance particulière. Cet article propose une revue des méthodes longitudinales permettant de modéliser les processus émotionnels en se centrant sur trois approches prometteuses et relativement récentes : les analyses de classe latente de courbes de croissances (ACLCC), les analyses de transitions de profils latents (ATPL) et les analyses multiniveaux. Les avantages et les inconvénients de chacune sont discutés en s’appuyant sur des exemples issus de la littérature scientifique. Tandis que les ATPL permettent de capturer la dynamique des profils en abordant le concept émotionnel dans son ensemble, les ACLCC sont davantage pertinentes pour modéliser l’hétérogénéité de la dynamique d’une émotion par l’identification de différentes trajectoires. Enfin, les analyses multiniveaux sont particulièrement utiles pour distinguer ce qui relève d’un contexte social (e.g., centre d’entraînement intensif) de ce qui relève de l’individu. Une attention particulière a été accordée à la pertinence de ces méthodes pour examiner le rôle du contexte social interpersonnel dans la complexité des processus émotionnels.
Pulmonalklappenerkrankungen: interventionelle und operative Therapieoptionen
Authors: Karathanos Athanasios , Piayda Kerstin , Zeus Tobias
Published: May 2019

Erkrankungen der Pulmonalklappe (PK) sind selten und spielen in der Erwachsenenkardiologie eine untergeordnete Rolle. Ätiologisch dominieren angeborene PK-Vitien. Erworbene Vitien entstehen häufig durch die Degeneration einer bereits eingesetzten Bioprothese. Die Echokardiografie bildet die unverzichtbare diagnostische Basis. Um eine optimale therapeutische Entscheidung zu treffen, ist darüber hinaus die multimodale Bildgebung von entscheidender Bedeutung. Aufgrund der rechtskardialen, hämodynamischen Kompensationsmechanismen weisen betroffene Patienten häufig jahrzehntelang keine Symptome auf. Eine Entscheidung zur operativen oder interventionellen Therapie wird anhand des klinischen Verlaufs und des Schweregrades der Erkrankung gefällt. Falls technisch möglich sollte ein interventionelles Vorgehen, insbesondere bei voroperierten Patienten, einem operativen Verfahren gegenüber bevorzugt werden. Der Eingriff sowie die empfohlenen lebenslangen Nachuntersuchungen sollten in einem Schwerpunktzentrum für Erwachsene mit angeborenen Herzfehlern erfolgen. Auf eine Endokarditisprophylaxe und eine patientenadaptierte Gerinnungstherapie ist nach Klappenersatz zu achten.
Interventionelle Therapie der symptomatischen hochgradigen Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz
Authors: Weber Marcel , Werner Nikos
Published: May 2019

Weltweit rücken Ärzte die Trikuspidalklappentherapie in das Zentrum ihrer Aufmerksamkeit. Sie ist nicht länger die „vergessene Klappe“, sondern erfährt durch die Möglichkeiten neuer Kathetertechniken einen breiten Zuspruch. Die zumeist an der Mitralklappe erprobten Therapiemethoden eröffnen viele neue Optionen und führen zu einer Renaissance der Trikuspidalklappenbildgebung. Die unterschiedlichen Methoden (Trialign, Cardioband, MitraClip und FORMA) zur interventionellen Therapie der Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz sind in klinischer Erprobung und die aktuell verfügbaren Daten zeigen, dass die interventionelle Therapie sicher ist und eine gute Reduktion der Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz und hiervon abhängiger Beschwerden ermöglicht. Durch Weiterentwicklung der verschiedenen Therapieansätze wird die interventionelle Behandlung der Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz – zumindest bei inoperablen Hochrisiko-Patienten – Eingriffe ohne große OP und ohne Einsatz einer Herz-Lungen-Maschine möglich machen. Weitere Studien zu Sicherheit, Effektivität und Haltbarkeit der interventionellen Ansätze müssen die vorliegenden sehr guten ersten Ergebnisse bestätigen.
Funktionelle Diagnostik des rechten Herzens (einschließlich dynamischer Tests)
Authors: Spieker Maximilian , Horn Patrick , Westenfeld Ralf
Published: May 2019

Die Wahrnehmung der Bedeutung der Funktion des rechten Herzens hat sich in den letzten Jahren in Forschung und Klinik grundlegend geändert. Im klinischen Alltag erlaubt die Echokardiografie eine rasche Beurteilung der RV-Anatomie und -Funktion (RV: rechter Ventrikel). Den Goldstandard der Bildgebung bildet die MRT, die neben einer anatomischen Darstellung des RV und einer exakten Quantifizierung der RV-Funktion auch die Charakterisierung des Myokards ermöglicht. Die Rechtsherzkatheteruntersuchung stellt einen wichtigen Bestandteil in der Diagnostik dar, erlaubt eine exakte Bewertung hämodynamischer Kenngrößen der Rechtsherzinsuffizienz und kann in besonderen klinischen Szenarien um eine Belastungsuntersuchung erweitert werden.
Betätigung für Gesundheit essenziell – Gesundheitskompetenz von Flüchtlingen
Authors: Seifried Pia
Published: May 2019

In ihrer Masterarbeit beschäftigte sich Ergotherapeutin Julia Volk mit der Gesundheitskompetenz von Flüchtlingen in Österreich. Sie fand heraus, welche Faktoren diese Fähigkeit einschränken und wo Ergotherapie ansetzen kann.
Betätigungs… was?! – Fachterminologie nach Anne G. Fisher
Authors: Berg Daniela , Oster Jamie-Lee , Takacs Carolin
Published: May 2019

Betätigung spielt in der Ergotherapie eine zentrale Rolle. Auch Anne G. Fisher unterstreicht ihre Bedeutung und verwendet in der Terminologie des OTIPM die Begriffe betätigungszentriert, betätigungsfokussiert und betätigungsbasiert. Doch was genau bedeuten diese Begriffe überhaupt und wie unterscheiden sie sich?
Sagittales Profil der Wirbelsäule: Was ist sinnvoll, was gefährdet den Patienten, was ist Hype? Evidenz für Korrekturoperationen bei sagittaler Dysbalance
Authors: Thomé Claudius
Published: May 2019

In den letzten Jahren hat das sagittale Profil der Wirbelsäule zunehmend Beachtung gefunden und es konnten je nach Beckenkonfiguration unterschiedliche Wirbelsäulentypen identifiziert werden. Kommt es durch die fortschreitende Bandscheibende-generation zu einer Entlordosierung der Lendenwirbelsäule, resultiert eine sagittale Dysbalance, oft im Sinne einer degenerativen Lumbalskoliose. Nicht selten forcieren Versteifungsoperationen diese Entwicklung iatrogen durch Fixierungen in entlordosierter Position. Fällt das C7-Lot vor die Hüftköpfe, spricht man von dekompensierter sagittaler Dysbalance, die von vielen Wirbelsäulenchirurgen als entscheidend für die Patientendisabilität angesehen wird und aufwändige Korrekturoperationen indiziert werden. Derartige Eingriffe, die häufig Osteotomien erfordern, gehen jedoch mit einem 50 %igen perioperativen Komplikationsrisiko und mit einer Versagens- bzw. Reoperationsrate von ebenfalls 50 % einher, so dass dieser Hype zunehmend kritisch gesehen wird, zumal beispielsweise in Fällen von lumbalen Spinalstenosen ungeachtet des sagittalen Profils reine Dekompressionsoperationen gute Ergebnisse erzielen. Bei insgesamt spärlicher Evidenzlage können daher aktuell umfangreiche Deformitätenkorrekturen nur bei ausgeprägter sagittaler Dysbalance und stärksten, therapierefraktären Beschwerden empfohlen werden. Eine detaillierte präoperative Evaluation und Risikoabschätzung ist in diesem Zusammenhang ebenso unerlässlich wie die Versorgung an spezialisierten Zentren. In diesem selektionierten Patientengut sind Outcome und Patientenzufriedenheit allerdings erstaunlich gut. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass sich die Datenlage in den nächsten Jahren verdichtet und auch altersspezifische Empfehlungen möglich sind. Auch wenn aktuell die routinemäßige Korrektur des sagittalen Profils bei allen Patienten nicht empfohlen werden kann, so macht das Konzept der sagittalen Balance grundsätzlich Sinn. Dementsprechend sollte bei Instrumentationen vor allem der unteren Lendenwirbelsäule eine Wiederherstellung der physiologischen lumbalen Lordose angestrebt werden.
Troponinwerte und der akute Myokardinfarkt
Authors: von Jeinsen Beatrice , Keller Till
Published: May 2019

Durch die klinische Nutzung hochsensitiver Troponinbestimmungen werden erhöhte Troponinwerte auch bei Patienten ohne akuten Myokardinfarkt gemessen. Die aktuelle überarbeitete Definition des Myokardinfarktes definiert neben dem Typ 1- und Typ 2-Infarkt mit nachgewiesener Myokardischämie für diese Patienten den Begriff „Myokardschädigung“ ohne Myokardischämie.
Akutes Koronarsyndrom
Authors: Kriechbaum Steffen D. , Rolf Andreas
Published: May 2019

Bei Verdacht auf ein ACS kommt nicht-invasive Bildgebung bei der Initialdiagnostik und der (sub-)akuten Risikostratifizierung zum Einsatz. Während die Ruhe-TTE (transthorakale Echokardiografie) zügig die kardiale Funktion und Differenzialdiagnosen des ACS evaluiert, ermöglichen Stress-TTE, Kardio-CT, Kardio-MRT und Szintigrafie die Detektion struktureller Koronarpathologien bzw. deren funktionelle Auswirkungen. Zudem liefert die Kardio-CT differenzialdiagnostische Informationen.
Thrombozytenaggregation und Antikoagulation beim akuten Koronarsyndrom
Authors: Weferling Maren , Hamm Christian , Liebetrau Christoph
Published: May 2019

Nach einem akuten Koronarsyndrom (ACS) ist die Gefahr des Auftretens erneuter ischämischer Ereignisse im Sinne von rekurrierenden Myokardinfarkten und Stentthrombosen erhöht. Gleichzeitig steigt mit der antiaggregatorischen und ggf. antikoagulatorischen Therapie vor allem bei gleichzeitiger Indikation zur oralen Antikoagulation das Risiko für Blutungsereignisse deutlich an. Der folgende Artikel soll auf Grundlage der aktualisierten ESC-Leitlinien zur myokardialen Revaskularisation, STEMI und NSTE-ACS sowie des im Jahre 2017 erschienenen fokussierten Updates der dualen Plättchenhemmung eine Übersicht über die derzeitigen Empfehlungen zur Plättchenhemmung und Antikoagulation beim ACS geben.
One-Pot Synthesis of Spiro-2H-pyrroles from N-Propargylic β-Enaminones
Authors: Karadeniz Eda , Zora Metin
Published: May 2019

A simple and general one-pot method for the synthesis of spiro-2H-pyrroles has been developed. Initially, cyclohexane-embedded β-enaminones with internal alkyne functionality were synthesized by conjugate addition of 1-ethynylcyclohexylamine to α,β-alkynic ketones, followed by palladium-catalyzed coupling of the resulting N-propargylic β-enaminones with aryl iodides. When subjected to basic conditions, the cyclohexane-embedded β-enaminones with internal alkyne functionality underwent tandem nucleophilic cyclization and benzylic C–H oxidation to furnish 3,4-diaryloyl-1-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1,3-diene derivatives in good yields.
Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrotryptamines from Amide Solvents and Acyclic Materials through Metal-Free Amidoalkylarylation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Ji Yubin , Yang Siping , Lin Shiyi , Wang Yan , Ji Chenfeng , Liu Yingjie , Liang Deqiang
Published: May 2019

The first synthesis of 2,3-dihydrotryptamines from acyclic materials and an exo-selective amidoalkylation/cyclization cascade of N-allyl anilines through α-C(sp3)–H functionalization of simple amides across unactivated alkenes are presented. This reaction proceeds in mixed aqueous media and under metal-free conditions and features a broad substrate scope and a simple operation.
Enlargement of Dorello's Canal as a Novel Radiographic Marker of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Eggerstedt Michael , Dua Sumeet G. , Varelas Antonios N. , Bhabad Sudeep H. , Batra Pete S. , Tajudeen Bobby A.
Published: May 2019

Objectives The objective of this study is to compare the visibility and size of Dorello's canal (DC) on magnetic resonance imaging between patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and control patients, for its evaluation as a potential novel marker for chronic increased intracranial pressure (ICP).

Design Retrospective blinded case–control study.

Setting Tertiary care academic center.

Participants Fourteen patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and diagnosed IIH, as well as an equal number of age and gender-matched controls.

Main Outcome Measures Radiographic presence or absence of visible CSF sleeve within DC as well as CSF sleeve width when present.

Results Following review of 28 IIH canals and 28 control canals, IIH patients were significantly more likely to have a visible CSF sleeve within DC and to have a wider measured medial entrance to DC (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Identification of CSF evagination into DC may serve as a reliable marker for increased ICP in the IIH population. This finding should be considered in the future as paradigms for diagnosis of IIH continue to evolve.
Injection-locking of a fiber-pigtailed high-power laser to an external cavity diode laser via a fiber optic circulator
Authors: Shimasaki Toshihiko , Edwards Eustace R. , DeMille David
Published: May 2019

We report on a simple tunable laser injection-lock scheme for atomic physics experiments. Seed light from an external cavity diode laser is injected into a high-power fiber-pigtailed diode laser via a fiber optic circulator. High-power outputs (up to ∼600 mW) at the injected frequency have been obtained in a single-mode fiber with tuning over a wide wavelength range (∼15 nm). The scheme is simpler and more cost-effective than the traditional scheme of free-space injection-locking.
Fast reflective optic-based rotational anisotropy nonlinear harmonic generation spectrometer
Authors: Lu Baozhu , Tran Jason D. , Torchinsky Darius H.
Published: May 2019

We present a novel Rotational Anisotropy Nonlinear Harmonic Generation (RA-NHG) apparatus based primarily upon reflective optics. The data acquisition scheme used here allow for fast accumulation of RA-NHG traces, mitigating low frequency noise from laser drift, while permitting real-time adjustment of acquired signals with significantly more data points per unit angle rotation of the optics than other RA-NHG setups. We discuss the design and construction of the optical and electronic components of the device and present example data taken on a GaAs test sample at a variety of wavelengths. The RA-second harmonic generation data for this sample show the expected four-fold rotational symmetry across a broad range of wavelengths, while those for RA-third harmonic generation exhibit evidence of cascaded nonlinear processes possible in acentric crystal structures.
Edge deformation effects on sensitivity and selectivity performance of graphene quantum ring gas sensor
Authors: Omidi Mahboubeh , Faizabadi Edris
Published: May 2019

To explore the edge deformation effects on the performance of a graphene quantum ring gas sensor, we considered an armchair hexagonal graphene ring connected to two semi-infinite armchair graphene nanoribbons. We calculated the current through the graphene ring upon exposure to CO, NO, CO2, and NH3 gas molecules. It is shown that the behavior of current vs bias voltage depends on the inner and outer radii, and it is independent of the graphene quantum ring width. The effect of temperature resulting from nonequilibrium Green's function (Fermi–Dirac distribution) related to leads has been investigated. The substantial finding is that the current value remains unchanged up to room temperature at a perfect graphene quantum ring and, indeed, the sensor performance is unrelated to temperature. In a deformed graphene quantum ring, the influence of temperature on sensor performance is insignificant so that it is ineffective. Furthermore, the deformation in the edges can be accidental in the formation process, which we have simulated by randomly removing the atoms of the edges, or deformation can be manual, which was simulated by removing successive edge atoms from the ring sides. In the presence of edge deformation at a constant voltage, the difference between current values related to adsorption of NO, CO, and NH3 gas molecules and the pristine ring increases. In fact, the edge deformation improves the selectivity and the sensitivity of the graphene ring gas sensor. Single vacancy and double vacancies decrease the graphene ring sensor's performance. This underlines the importance of precision in the fabrication of nonedge parts of a graphene ring, although edge deformation is worthwhile in the improvement of the gas sensor.
Defect engineered ZnO whispering gallery modes via doping with alkali metal ions for label-free optical sensors
Authors: Khanum Rizwana , Das Nayan Mani , Moirangthem Rakesh S.
Published: May 2019

A systematic investigation on the proper utilization of defect levels present in ZnO is very much in demand to avail many applications of photonics in visible and near infrared (NIR) regions. In this paper, we have engineered intrinsic defects of zinc oxide (ZnO) to achieve high-quality intense whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in a single ZnO microsphere optical resonator by doping with alkali metal ions. Here, a single microsphere of undoped and doped ZnO was considered to investigate WGMs by recording luminescence spectra using a microphotoluminescence system under green laser excitation having a central wavelength of 532 nm and a fixed power of 55 mW/cm2. We have found that there is a significant enhancement in the intensity of WGMs in the case of doped ZnO in comparison to undoped ones. Among all the doped ZnO microspheres, 2 mol. % Li-doped ZnO yields the strongest and intense WGMs, which are accompanied by high-quality (Q)-factors. Furthermore, the pump power dependence measurement performed in 2 mol. % Li-doped ZnO reveals the lasing action in the visible optical window by explicitly exploiting the defect levels present in the material. Thus, our proposed defect engineered ZnO microsphere may represent a promising optical microresonator for developing highly sensitive WGMs based optical sensors.
On the heat transfer deterioration during condensation of binary mixtures
Authors: Dorao C. A. , Fernandino M.
Published: May 2019

Heat transfer processes involving binary- and multicomponent mixtures are ubiquitous in nature, particularly in several industries like the chemical and petrochemical ones. Condensation of binary mixtures inside pipes has been extensively studied during the past decades for unraveling the physical mechanisms controlling heat transfer. In particular, it has been observed that the heat transfer coefficient of mixtures is lower than the ones corresponding to its single–component constituents. This puzzle has motivated a vast research, and this heat transfer deterioration has been attributed to a dominant thermal resistance at the liquid-vapor interface. However, no suitable model has been found to be capable of accurately predicting experimental heat transfer coefficients during flow condensation. We show that the heat transfer deterioration observed during condensation of binary mixtures can be attributed to the change in the physical properties of the multicomponent mixture, and in fact the heat transfer coefficient remains equivalent to the one corresponding to the single-component, contrary to all the existing theories.
Absolute calibration of GafChromic film for very high flux laser driven ion beams
Authors: Bin J. H. , Ji Q. , Seidl P. A. , Raftrey D. , Steinke S. , Persaud A. , Nakamura K. , Gonsalves A. , Leemans W. P. , Schenkel T.
Published: May 2019

We report on the calibration of GafChromic HD-v2 radiochromic film in the extremely high dose regime up to 100 kGy together with very high dose rates up to 7 × 1011 Gy/s. The absolute calibration was done with nanosecond ion bunches at the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment II particle accelerator at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and covers a broad dose dynamic range over three orders of magnitude. We then applied the resulting calibration curve to calibrate a laser driven ion experiment performed on the BELLA petawatt laser facility at LBNL. Here, we reconstructed the spatial and energy resolved distributions of the laser-accelerated proton beams. The resulting proton distribution is in fair agreement with the spectrum that was measured with a Thomson spectrometer in combination with a microchannel plate detector.
Robust approach for rotor mapping in cardiac tissue
Authors: Gurevich Daniel R. , Grigoriev Roman O.
Published: May 2019

The motion of and interaction between phase singularities that lie at the centers of spiral waves capture many qualitative and, in some cases, quantitative features of complex dynamics in excitable systems. Being able to accurately reconstruct their position is thus quite important, even if the data are noisy and sparse, as in electrophysiology studies of cardiac arrhythmias, for instance. A recently proposed global topological approach [Marcotte and Grigoriev, Chaos 27, 093936 (2017)] promises to meaningfully improve the quality of the reconstruction compared with traditional, local approaches. Indeed, we found that this approach is capable of handling noise levels exceeding the range of the signal with minimal loss of accuracy. Moreover, it also works successfully with data sampled on sparse grids with spacing comparable to the mean separation between the phase singularities for complex patterns featuring multiple interacting spiral waves.
Insights into the fabrication of sub-100 nm textured thermally drawn fibers
Authors: Nguyen Dang Tung , Richard Inès , Goy Etienne , Sordo Federica , Sorin Fabien
Published: May 2019

The preform-to-fiber thermal drawing process has been recently proposed for the fabrication of fibers and microchannels with submicrometer surface textures. To better control the final architecture and reach small feature size down to tens of nanometers however, a proper understanding and modeling of the fluids dynamics at play during the fabrication of the texture is needed. Here, we present an analytical model describing comprehensively the reflow of periodic polymer micropatterns of arbitrary shape in isothermal annealing as well as in a fiber drawing process. Experiments on square-grooved thermoplastic plates subjected to both treatments show excellent agreement with the calculated theoretical values. Based on this model, we could identify a strategy and the corresponding materials to fabricate sub-100 nm surface-patterned fibers. These results deepen the understanding and control of thermal-based approaches for polymer surface texturing and open novel opportunities for textured fibers and microchannels in bioengineering, microfluidics, or smart textiles.
Magnetic dielectric-graphene-ferroelectric system as a promising non-volatile device for modern spintronics
Authors: Kurchak Anatolii I. , Morozovska Anna N. , Strikha Maksym V.
Published: May 2019

The conductivity of the system magnetic dielectric (EuO)-graphene channel-ferroelectric substrate was considered. The magnetic dielectric locally transforms the band spectrum of graphene by inducing an energy gap in it and making it spin-asymmetric with respect to the free electrons. The range of spontaneous polarization 2–5 mC/m2 that can be easily realized in thin films of proper and incipient ferroelectrics was under examination. It was demonstrated that if the Fermi level in the graphene channel belongs to energy intervals where the graphene band spectrum, modified by EuO, becomes sharply spin-asymmetric, such a device can be an ideal nonvolatile spin filter. The practical application of the system under consideration would be restricted by a low Curie temperature of EuO. However, alternative magnetic insulators with high Curie temperature (e.g., Y3Fe5O12) can be used for a system operating under ambient conditions. Controlling the Fermi level (e.g., by temperature that changes ferroelectric polarization) can convert a spin filter to a spin valve.
High-precision in-situ size measurements of single microparticles in an RF plasma
Authors: Kohlmann Niklas , Wieben Frank , Asnaz Oguz Han , Block Dietmar , Greiner Franko
Published: May 2019

An in-situ method to measure the radii of single microparticles in plasmas with high precision is presented. The particles are trapped in the plasma sheath and illuminated with laser light. Using out-of-focus imaging and polarizing optics, the angle- and polarization-resolved scattering intensities are measured and compared to Lorenz-Mie theory. A two-stage fit procedure is introduced to obtain the complex refractive index in addition to the particle radius. Complementary long-distance microscopy measurements are performed to compare with fit results. The method is applied to particles of different materials used in complex plasma research to measure etch rates due to plasma inherent processes.
Polarization-dependent asymmetric light scattering by silicon nanopyramids and their multipoles resonances
Authors: Terekhov Pavel D. , Evlyukhin Andrey B. , Shalin Alexander S. , Karabchevsky Alina
Published: May 2019

For a long time, light manipulation at the nanoscale has been provided primarily with plasmonic materials. However, recent works show that the light can be controlled with dielectric particles. Here, we exploit the asymmetric shape of silicon nanopyramids to control the far-field scattering pattern and the electric field concentration inside the particles by simply changing the incident light polarization. This effect is considered both in air and lossless optical medium. For an explanation of the demonstrated features, we apply the multipole analysis of the scattering cross sections. We show that the electric and magnetic quadrupole resonances can be switched between them by changing the incident wave polarization providing changes of the scattering diagrams. We also show that the polarization control of the scattering properties of pyramidal nanoparticles strongly depends on the refractive index of the surrounding medium. The obtained results can be used for the development of optical antennas, switchers, and polarization filters composed of silicon materials.
Structure and properties of Ar–Kr solid solutions
Authors: Solodovnik A. A. , Mysko-Krutik N. S.
Published: May 2019

The transmission electron diffraction technique has been used to explore in detail solid argon-krypton solutions in a temperature range of 5–44 K. Specimens were prepared in situ by depositing the gaseous mixture on a base at temperatures 5 and 20 K. The structure of the Ar–Kr alloys was found to correspond to the face-centered cubic lattice in the entire range of reciprocal concentrations. In the concentration range of 50–70 mol % Ar, separation of the solution into two phases has been observed. The regions where solid argon-krypton solutions exist have been determined. Kinetics of relaxation processes stimulated by annealing the specimens has been studied. Conclusions regarding character of the Ar–Kr system state diagram have been made using the analysis of experimental data.
A comparison of female and castrate pigs slaughtered at weights above and below 120 kg on carcass traits, intramuscular fat and fatty acid composition of carcasses intended for dry-cured ham and shoulder production
Authors: Latorre M. A. , Olivares A. , Callejo A. , Rey A. I. , Pérez-Ciria L. , López Bote C. J. , Daza A.
Published: May 2019

The objective of this trial was to study the impact of slaughter weight (SW) class: heavy (≥120 kg) or light (<120 kg) on carcass fatness, development of main lean cuts and fat composition in barrows and gilts intended for dry-cured ham and shoulder elaboration. A total of 181 Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) pigs was used, being 94 barrows and 87 gilts. Carcasses from barrows had lower ham compactness but higher shoulder:ham weight ratio than those from gilts. The allometric growth coefficient of ham was higher in gilts whereas those for shoulder, loin and shoulder/ham were higher in barrows. An interaction sex × SW class was found for carcass fatness; the increase of fat thickness was higher in barrows than in gilts in light SW class but higher in gilts than in barrows in heavy SW class. In addition, the allometric growth coefficients for ham, loin and shoulder:ham ratio were higher in light than in heavy pigs. Percentage of rejected carcasses at slaughterhouse, due to lack of fat thickness, was higher for females than for barrows and for light than for heavy pigs. Sex and SW class had no effect on intramuscular fat content. However, more saturation was found in fat (intramuscular) from barrows and in that (subcutaneous) from light pigs. It can be concluded that carcasses from barrows are commercially more suitable than those from gilts and heavy SW might be more interesting when animals are intended for Teruel dry-cured ham and shoulder production.
Understanding Tasmanian dairy farmer adoption of pasture management practices: a Theory of Planned Behaviour approach
Authors: Hall Alison , Turner Lydia , Kilpatrick Sue
Published: May 2019

Improved pasture management and increased pasture utilisation are positively associated with dairy farm efficiency and profitability in Tasmania. Supporting dairy farmers in developing pasture management knowledge and skills has been a key priority for research, development and extension in the Tasmanian dairy industry. The role of extension has been to increase farmer awareness and knowledge of best practice pasture management and to facilitate farmer learning, focusing on training farmers to use pasture measurement tools. However, many farmers have never used a pasture measurement tool, only trialled/tested a tool, and/or do not implement recommended pasture management practices. This study aimed to identify and understand factors influencing pasture management decision-making and behaviour for different farmer subgroups. Qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 30 Tasmanian dairy farmers. The Theory of Planned Behaviour was used to identify and explore key factors influencing pasture management behaviour. There was a negative effect of social influence on pasture measurement tool use by experienced farmers, with many perceiving tool use to be for less experienced, younger farmers. This negative influence limited their intention to measure pasture and engage in the learning process required to overcome perceived control factors and change practices. Perceived control factors limiting behaviour change included tool data inaccuracy and challenging calculations associated with applying measurement data on-farm. This study demonstrates how the Theory of Planned Behaviour can be used to identify and understand factors influencing adoption behaviour of Tasmanian dairy farmers and assist in developing recommendations for future extension and pasture management programs.
Reproductive biology of duodichogamous Koelreuteria elegans (Sapindaceae): the rare case of a female–male–female flowering sequence
Authors: Avalos Adan Alberto , Lattar Elsa Clorinda , Ferrucci María Silvia , Torretta Juan Pablo
Published: May 2019

Monoecious species are common within Sapindaceae, and among them a large variation in sexual expression has been reported. In this work we evaluate the sexual expression, phenology, floral biology, and mating system in eight to sixteen individuals of the duodichogamous Koelreuteria elegans (Seem.) A.C. Sm. subsp. formosana (Hayata) F.G. Mey. Results from our study show that all individuals exhibited a pattern of flowering characterised by two cycles of pistillate flowers with an intervening one of staminate flowers. The synflorescences presented a high synchronisation between the male and female phases at the individual level. Therefore, very little functional overlap was observed between pollen receipt and pollen dispatch within individuals. Pollination was by bees, and the manual pollination experiments showed that this species is a xenogamous although self-compatible species. Nevertheless, seed set increased significantly with hand cross-pollination and open pollination experiments. Decrease of fruits and seeds set by geitonogamy could favour the establishment of duodichogamy with interfloral protogyny promoting cross-pollination. In the family this is the first report of a pattern of flowering in which there are two cycles of female with an intervening cycle of male flowers. The importance of detailed these studies for understanding mechanisms underlying duodichogamy was demonstrated, and findings will help to broaden our understanding about this rare sexual system to generalise the specific ecological factors that explain its evolutionary meaning.
OsSIG2A is required for chloroplast development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at low temperature by regulating plastid genes expression
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhou Zhenling , Pu Hanchun , Wang Baoxiang , Zhang Yunhui , Yang Bo , Zhao Tongli , Xu Dayong
Published: May 2019

The chloroplast is an essential photosynthetic apparatus that is more sensitive to low temperatures than other organelles. Sigma factors were revealed regulating specific gene expression for maintaining photosynthetic efficiency and adapting to physiological and environmental conditions. However, the regulatory mechanisms of SIG genes supporting chloroplast development under low temperature in rice have not yet been reported. Here, we uncovered the essential role of OsSIG2A in rice chloroplast development at low temperatures by a newly reported thermo-sensitive chlorophyll deficient 12 (tcd12) mutant, which exhibited albino leaves with decreased chlorophyll content and malformed chloroplasts at seedling stage under low temperature. OsSIG2A is a typical chloroplast-localised RNA polymerase sigma factor, and constitutively expresses in different rice tissues, especially for young leaves and stems. Moreover, the transcription level of both PEP- and NEP- dependent genes, which are necessary for chloroplast development at early leaf development stage, was greatly affected in the tcd12 mutant under low temperature. Taken together, our findings indicate that OsSIG2A is required for early chloroplast differentiation under low temperatures by regulating plastid genes expression.