bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low complexity visual UAV track navigation using long‐wavelength infrared
Authors: Rosser Kent , Nguyen Tran Xuan Bach , Moss Philip , Chahl Javaan
Published: January 2021

Visual navigation is a commonly researched alternative to the use of global navigation satellite systems in challenging environments where satellite signals are not available. However, the vast majority of visual navigation techniques studied to date require scene illumination of some form. In this study, we use a low‐resolution long‐wave infrared (LWIR) image sensor sensitive to thermal emissivity within an optical flow processing engine to extend a low complexity track‐based navigation scheme for fixed wing aircraft to operate at night. A mixture of closed and open loop flight experiments conducted on a small UAV integrated with the new sensor demonstrate: accurate track‐based navigation in visual darkness; that the LWIR sensor performs equivalently to the benchmark optical flow sensor during daylight and continues to operate in low light; and that the LWIR sensor is able to detect suitable textures for operation at night across a wide span of altitudes. These results demonstrate utility of optical flow algorithms with low‐resolution thermal scenes as a novel aircraft navigation sensor for day and night operation.
Flexible multivariate joint model of longitudinal intensity and binary process for medical monitoring of frequently collected data
Authors: Gupta Resmi , Khoury Jane C. , Altaye Mekibib , Jandarov Roman , Szczesniak Rhonda D.
Published: January 2021

A frequent problem in longitudinal studies is that data may be assessed at subject‐selected, irregularly spaced time‐points, resulting in highly unbalanced outcome data, inducing bias, especially if availability of data is directly related to outcome. Our aim was to develop a multivariate joint model in a mixed outcomes framework to minimize irregular sampling bias. We demonstrate using blood glucose monitoring throughout pregnancy and risk of preterm birth among women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose measurements were unequally spaced and intensity of sampling varied between and within individuals over time. Multivariate linear mixed effects submodel for the longitudinal outcome (blood glucose), Poisson model for the intensity of glucose sampling, and logistic regression model for binary process (preterm birth) were specified. Association between models is captured through shared random effects. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods were used to fit the model. The multivariate joint model provided better prediction, compared with a joint model with a multivariate linear mixed effects submodel (ignoring intensity of glucose sampling) and a two‐stage model. Most association parameters were significant in the preterm birth outcome model, signifying improvement of predictive ability of the binary endpoint by sharing random effects between glucose monitoring and preterm birth. A simulation study is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the multivariate joint modeling approach.
Detecting rare haplotype association with two correlated phenotypes of binary and continuous types
Authors: Yuan Xiaochen , Biswas Swati
Published: January 2021

Multiple correlated traits/phenotypes are often collected in genetic association studies and they may share a common genetic mechanism. Joint analysis of correlated phenotypes has well‐known advantages over one‐at‐a‐time analysis including gain in power and better understanding of genetic etiology. However, when the phenotypes are of discordant types such as binary and continuous, the joint modeling is more challenging. Another research area of current interest is discovery of rare genetic variants. Currently there is no method available for detecting association of rare (or common) haplotypes with multiple discordant phenotypes jointly. Our goal is to fill this gap specifically for two discordant phenotypes. We consider a rare haplotype association method for a binary phenotype, logistic Bayesian LASSO (univariate LBL) and its extension for two correlated binary phenotypes (bivariate LBL‐2B). Under this framework, we propose a haplotype association test with binary and continuous phenotypes jointly (bivariate LBL‐BC). Specifically, we use a latent variable to induce correlation between the two phenotypes. We carry out extensive simulations to investigate bivariate LBL‐BC and compare it with univariate LBL and bivariate LBL‐2B. In most settings, bivariate LBL‐BC performs the best. In only two situations, bivariate LBL‐BC has similar performance—when the two phenotypes are (1) weakly or not correlated and the target haplotype affects the binary phenotype only and (2) strongly positively correlated and the target haplotype affects both phenotypes in positive direction. Finally, we apply the method to a data set on lung cancer and nicotine dependence and detect several haplotypes including a rare one.
Isolation and Molecular Docking of Cytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Two Red Sea Sponges of the Genus Diacarnus
Authors: Al‐Tarabeen Mousa , El‐Neketi Mona , Albohy Amgad , Müller Werner Ernst Georg , Rasheed Mohammed , Ebrahim Weaam , Proksch Peter , Ebada Sherif Saeed
Published: January 2021

Chemical investigation of methanol extracts from two Jordanian marine sponges belonging to genus Diacarnus: D. erythraeanus and D. ardoukobae (family Podospongiidae) afforded a series of norterpene cyclic peroxides namely; muqubilone A (1), sigmosceptrellin‐B (2), sigmosceptrellin‐B methyl ester (3), (+)‐methyl‐2‐epinuapapuanoate (4); (−)‐methyl‐2‐epinuapapuanoate (5) in addition to a macrolide derivative: latrunculin B (6). Chemical structures of isolated compounds were elucidated based on their 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectra as well as by comparison with the literature. All isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxic activity against the murine lymphoma (L5178Y) cell line. Among tested compounds, only (2–4) displayed significant cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 1.2 to 6.4 μM. Molecular docking studies of isolated compounds suggested potential EGFR inhibition and the correlation between docking scores and biological data was strong based on Pearson's correlation coefficient (r=0.93).
Development of a 4‐Nitrophenylhydrazine Sensor Based on MgTi2O4⋅TiO2⋅Zn2TiO4 Nanomaterials
Authors: Abdus Subhan Md , Saha Pallab C. , Sumon Shamim A. , Alam M. M. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Al‐Mamun Mohammad , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: January 2021

The synthesized MgTi2O4⋅TiO2⋅Zn2TiO4 nanomaterial was characterized by XRD (X‐Ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), EDS (Energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and PL (Photoluminescence) study. Particles size of MgTi2O4⋅TiO2⋅Zn2TiO4 nanomaterial was found to be 37.3 nm. PL and PLE (Photoluminescence excitation) spectra are showed several peaks including one red PL at 723 nm, when excited at 320 nm. Nanomaterial was subject to electrochemical sensor study. Thin layer of synthesized MgTi2O4⋅TiO2⋅Zn2TiO4 nanomaterials was fabricated onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with conducting binder to result the working electrode of 4‐nitrophenylhydrazine (4‐NPHyd) sensor, which was applied successively to selectively detect the 4‐NPHyd in aqueous phase. The 4‐NPHyd chemical sensor exhibited high sensitivity with lower detection limit, long‐term stability in chemical environment and improved electrochemical responses during sensing performance. The linearity of calibration plot is obtained over the large linear dynamic range (LDR) from 0.1 nM to 0.1 mM of 4‐NPHyd. The sensitivity calculated from the slop of calibration plot (ratio of current to concentration of 4‐NPHyd) is 42.7215 μAmM−1cm−2 with detection limit (DL) of 0.02±0.001 nM at signal to noise ratio of 3(S/N). Therefore, the chemical sensor based on MgTi2O4⋅TiO2⋅Zn2TiO4 nanomaterials may be a promising highly sensitive sensor in electrochemical method for the effective detection of hazardous and carcinogenic chemicals in medical as well as biological sectors.
Mutual Performance Enhancement within Dual N‐doped TiO2/Si/C Nanohybrid Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Xie Shuang , Ji Qing , Xia Yonggao , Fang Kai , Wang Xiaoyan , Zuo Xiuxia , Cheng Ya‐Jun
Published: January 2021

Dual N‐doped TiO2/Si/C ternary nanohybrid has been successfully prepared via a facile solvothermal method. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is applied to disperse TiO2 and silicon precursors. After polymerization with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and calcination, N‐doped TiO2 and carbon matrix are obtained. The contents of Si, TiO2 and C in N‐doped TiO2/Si/C are about 10 %, 72 % and 18 % respectively. N‐doped TiO2/Si/C shows an excellent electrochemical performance due to combined advantages of Si, TiO2 and C. The initial discharge/charge specific capacity of the N‐doped TiO2/Si/C is 658/548 mAh g−1 at a current of 0.1 A g−1 with a coulombic efficiency of 83 %. A reversible capacity of 538 mAh g−1 is achieved after 80 cycles. While at the high current of 5 A g1, the specific capacity of the N‐doped TiO2/Si/C can still reach 120 mAh g−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements prove the improved electric conductivity after N‐doping.
Utilization of Sawdust and Wood Ash as a Filler in Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Kaewpruk Chalika , Boopasiri Supparoek , Poonsawat Choosak , Sae‐Oui Pongdhorn , Siriwong Chomsri
Published: January 2021

This study focuses on the feasibility of using sawdust (SD) and wood ash (WA) as a filler in natural rubber composite. Both SD and WA were characterized by several techniques prior to being incorporated into natural rubber (NR). Properties of the rubber composites filled with various loadings of SD and WA, including cure characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology, were measured. Results reveal that the particles of SD and WA are relatively large and irregular. The main compositions of SD are cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose whereas those of WA are SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, carbonates and oxides of the alkali metals, namely CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, etc. After being incorporated into NR, hardness and modulus of the NR composites gradually increase with increasing SD and WA loadings. Compared with SD, WA provides a slightly lower magnitude of reinforcement, possibly due to its lower rubber‐filler interaction. However, the addition of WA significantly shortens the vulcanization time due to its high basicity. Interestingly, tensile strength of the NR composites is not significantly impaired with the addition of SD or WA up to 30 phr. Nevertheless, due to their relatively large particle size, both SD and WA show considerably lower magnitude of reinforcement than carbon black (CB). The results indicate the potential use of SD and WA as an inert filler for cost‐reduction purpose in the rubber industry which helps to raise the environmental credentials of the product.
Claisen type Condensation of Methyl Ketones with Carbimidothioates: A New Gateway for the Synthesis of β‐Enaminones
Authors: Swaroop Toreshettahally R. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Torun Lokman
Published: January 2021

Carbimidothioates are synthesized by the reaction of Grignard reagents or heteroaryl lithium compounds with arylisothiocyanates followed by treatment with methyl iodide. Further, application of these intermediates in the synthesis of β‐enaminones by their condensation with methyl ketones in the presence of sodium hydride in DMF is reported. This method offers a new gateway for the synthesis of β‐enaminones, which are important building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry.
Influence of Calcination on Mesoporous Mn1Zr0.5Oy Solid Solution in Oxidative Coupling Catalysis for Benzylideneaniline Formation
Authors: Wu Shipeng , Wei Kun , Fang Wenhao
Published: January 2021

A mesoporous Mn1Zr0.5Oy solid solution is prepared with a template‐free co‐precipitation method and is used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohol and aniline in the absence of base under mild conditions. XRD, XPS, N2 physisorption, H2‐TPR, O2‐TPD, NH3‐TPD and CO2‐TPD were used to study the influence of calcination temperature on the structure, redox properties, acidity‐basicity, as well as the catalytic behaviors of the Mn1Zr0.5Oy catalyst. The results show that the optimal catalyst calcined at 400 °C displays the highest specific surface area (228 m2 g−1), highest fraction of unsaturated Mn3+ ions (45.4 %) and reactive Osurf. species (52.5 %), and the highest acidity (1.06 mmol g−1) and basicity (0.48 mmol g−1). Thereby, an enhanced benzylideneaniline formation (5.50 mmol gcat−1 h−1) based on a 99 % yield is obtained at 80 °C under air atmosphere. This is one of the top results ever reported for all the Mn‐based catalysts. The structure‐activity relation is finally discussed.
3D Printing of Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogels with Hierarchical Structure
Authors: Sather Nicholas A. , Sai Hiroaki , Sasselli Ivan R. , Sato Kohei , Ji Wei , Synatschke Christopher V. , Zambrotta Ryan T. , Edelbrock John F. , Kohlmeyer Ryan R. , Hardin James O. , Berrigan John Daniel , Durstock Michael F. , Mirau Peter , Stupp Samuel I.
Published: January 2021

Liquid crystalline hydrogels are an attractive class of soft materials to direct charge transport, mechanical actuation, and cell migration. When such systems contain supramolecular polymers, it is possible in principle to easily shear align nanoscale structures and create bulk anisotropic properties. However, reproducibly fabricating and patterning aligned supramolecular domains in 3D hydrogels remains a challenge using conventional fabrication techniques. Here, a method is reported for 3D printing of ionically crosslinked liquid crystalline hydrogels from aqueous supramolecular polymer inks. Using a combination of experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations, it is found that pH and salt concentration govern intermolecular interactions among the self‐assembled structures where lower charge densities on the supramolecular polymers and higher charge screening from the electrolyte result in higher viscosity inks. Enhanced hierarchical interactions among assemblies in high viscosity inks increase the printability and ultimately lead to greater nanoscale alignment in extruded macroscopic filaments when using small nozzle diameters and fast print speeds. The use of this approach is demonstrated to create materials with anisotropic ionic and electronic charge transport as well as scaffolds that trigger the macroscopic alignment of cells due to the synergy of supramolecular self‐assembly and additive manufacturing.
Chemically Propelled Nano and Micromotors in the Body: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Somasundar Ambika , Sen Ayusman
Published: January 2021

The active delivery of drugs to disease sites in response to specific biomarkers is a holy grail in theranostics. If successful, it would greatly diminish the therapeutic dosage and reduce collateral cytotoxicity. In this context, the development of nano and micromotors that are able to harvest local energy to move directionally is an important breakthrough. However, serious hurdles remain before such active systems can be employed in vivo in therapeutic applications. Such motors and their energy sources must be safe and biocompatible, they should be able to move through complex body fluids, and have the ability to reach specific cellular targets. Given the complexity in the design and deployment of nano and micromotors, it is also critically important to show that they are significantly superior to inactive “smart” nanoparticles in theranostics. Furthermore, receiving regulatory approval requires the ability to scale‐up the production of nano and micromotors with uniformity in structure, function, and activity. In this essay, the limitations of the current nano and micromotors and the issues that need to be resolved before such motors are likely to find theranostic applications are discussed.
Suppressing the liquid product crossover in electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Ning , Miao Rui Kai , Lee Geonhui , Vomiero Alberto , Sinton David , Ip Alexander H. , Liang Hongyan , Sargent Edward H.
Published: January 2021

Coupling electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) with a renewable energy source to create high‐value fuels and chemicals is a promising strategy in moving toward a sustainable global energy economy. CO2R liquid products, such as formate, acetate, ethanol, and propanol, offer high volumetric energy density and are more easily stored and transported than their gaseous counterparts. However, a significant amount (~30%) of  liquid products from electrochemical CO2R in a flow cell reactor cross the ion exchange membrane, leading to the substantial loss of system‐level Faradaic efficiency. This severe crossover of the liquid product has—until now—received limited attention. Here, we review promising methods to suppress liquid product crossover, including the use of bipolar membranes, solid‐state electrolytes, and cation‐exchange membranes‐based acidic CO2R systems. We then outline the remaining challenges and future prospects for the production of concentrated liquid products from CO2.
Metal Halide Perovskite/2D Material Heterostructures: Syntheses and Applications
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Wang Sisi , Liu Xinfeng , Chen Yonghua , Su Chenliang , Tang Zikang , Li Ying , Xing Guichuan
Published: January 2021

The past decade has witnessed the great success achieved by metal halide perovskites (MHPs) in photovoltaic and related fields. However, challenges still remain in further improving their performance, as well as, settling the stability issue for future commercialization. Recently, MHP/2D material heterostructures that combining MHPs with the low‐cost and solution‐processable 2D materials have demonstrated unprecedented improvement in both performance and stability due to the distinctive features at hetero‐interface. The diverse fabrication techniques of MHPs and 2D materials allow them to be assembled as heterostructures with different configurations in a variety of ways. Moreover, the large families of MHPs and 2D materials provide the opportunity for the rational design and modification on compositions and functionalities of MHP/2D materials heterostructures. Herein, a comprehensive review of MHP/2D material heterostructures from syntheses to applications is presented. First, various fabrication techniques for MHP/2D material heterostructures are introduced by classifying them into solid‐state methods and solution‐processed methods. Then the applications of MHP/2D heterostructures in various fields including photodetectors, solar cells, and photocatalysis are summarized in detail. Finally, current challenges for the development of MHP/2D material heterostructures are highlighted, and future opportunities for the advancements in this research field are also provided.
Analysis of an individual‐based influenza epidemic model using random forest metamodels and adaptive sequential sampling
Authors: Edali Mert , Yücel Gönenç
Published: January 2021

This study proposes a three‐step procedure for the analysis of input–response relationships of dynamic models, which enables the analyst to develop a better understanding about the dynamics of the system. The main building block of the procedure is a random forest metamodel capturing the input–output relationships. We utilize an active learning approach as the second step to improve the accuracy of the metamodel. In the last step, we develop a novel way to present the information captured by the metamodel as a set of intelligible IF–THEN rules. For illustration, we use the FluTE model, which is an individual‐based influenza epidemic model. We observe that the number of daily applicable vaccines determines the success of an intervention strategy the most. Another critical observation is that when the daily available vaccines are constrained, nonpharmaceutical strategies should be incorporated to reduce the extent of the outbreak.
Nanostructured pH‐Indicator Films Based on Cassava Starch, Laponite, and Jambolan (Syzygium cumini) Fruit Manufactured by Thermo‐Compression
Authors: Gaviria Yessica Alexandra Rodriguez , Palencia Natalia Stefanía Navarro , Capello Cristiane , Trevisol Thalles Canton , Monteiro Alcilene Rodrigues , Valencia Germán Ayala
Published: January 2021

This work aims to develop pH‐indicator films based on cassava starch and anthocyanins from jambolan (Syzygium cumini) fruit by thermo‐compression, as well as to study the effect of laponite (Lap) on the physicochemical properties of the thermo‐pressed films. Films manufactured with Lap and jambolan fruit are more colorful than those produced without Lap, indicating that Lap can be used to preserve the purple color in the films during the thermo‐compression or during the exposition to the visible light irradiation. Physicochemical results such as chemical structure, crystallinity, thermal transitions, morphology, thickness, and density suggest that the molecular spacing in the amylose/amylopectin chains is altered with the presence of Lap and jambolan fruit. Finally, films containing Lap and jambolan fruit show visible changes from purple color to yellow color when used to monitor the freshness of round steak stored at −20, 4, and 20 °C. Based on colorimetric and physicochemical results, films based on cassava starch, Lap, and jambolan fruit can be manufactured by thermo‐compression and they can be used to monitor the meat freshness.
Light‐Addressable Amperometric Sensor with Counter and Working Electrodes of the Same Material
Authors: Kosugi Keita , Hasegawa Yuki , Uchida Hidekazu
Published: January 2021

High‐throughput screening is important in various fields, and electrochemical approaches are effective because of advantages such as fast response time and electrode array. Hence, we developed a two‐dimensional electrochemical array sensor. However, its signal intensities for lower concentrations of the redox pair (100 μM–100 pM [Fe[CN]6]3−/4−) were unstable; Therefore, in this study, we investigated and demonstrated a method for improving the signal stability at lower concentrations. Two types of counter electrodes were prepared to assess their influence; the material of the first electrode was the same as that of the working electrode (same material condition), and the other was prepared from a different material (different material condition). First, the differences in the electric potentials between different materials were investigated at lower concentrations. Furthermore, the concentration dependence was investigated using our newly developed light‐addressable amperometric sensor for the two conditions. In the different condition, it was observed that differences in the electric potentials between the electrodes at lower concentrations. It was also observed that the signal intensity was more stable for the same material condition than the different material condition. Limit of detection(LOD) for the same material condition was lower than that under the different material condition. The proposed method using the same materials is thus an effective means to measure low concentrations of redox ions and expected to contribute to a fabrication of a smaller and more stable device without reference electrode. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A Study on Self‐Organizing Map of Indoor Activity Sound for Detecting Abnormal Situation in Daily Life
Authors: Tanaka Motoshi , Takata Naru
Published: January 2021

In order to develop a detection system of abnormal situations (such as accidents) for a person living alone, SOM (self‐organizing map) of only daily activity sound recorded with a broadband microphone, and detection of abnormal situation are investigated. The SOM was divided into three regions containing 98.9, 1.0, and 0.1% of the number of learned vectors, and transition of the vectors of simulated abnormality sound was observed. The result indicates the feasibility of use of the SOM for detecting abnormal situations. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Frontotemporal dementia and COVID‐19: Hypothesis generation and roadmap for future research
Authors: Ng Kok Pin , Chiew Hui Jin , Hameed Shahul , Ting Simon Kang Seng , Ng Adeline , Soo See Ann , Wong Benjamin Y. X. , Lim Levinia , Yong Alisa C. W. , Mok Vincent C. T. , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Dominguez Jacqueline , Kim SangYun , Hsiung G. Y. Robin , Ikeda Manabu , Miller Bruce L. , Gauthier Serge , Kandiah Nagaendran
Published: January 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused tremendous suffering for patients with dementia and their caregivers. We conducted a survey to study the impact of the pandemic on patients with mild frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Our preliminary findings demonstrate that patients with FTD have significant worsening in behavior and social cognition, as well as suffer greater negative consequences from disruption to health‐care services compared to patients with AD. The reduced ability to cope with sudden changes to social environments places patients with FTD at increased vulnerability to COVID‐19 infection as well as to poorer clinical and social outcomes. Caregivers of FTD patients also demonstrate high burden during crisis situations. A proportion of patients with FTD benefitted from use of web‐based interactive platforms. In this article, we outline the priority areas for research as well as a roadmap for future collaborative research to ensure greatest benefit for patients with FTD and their caregivers.
Internal fixation of a femoral fracture using a locking compression plate in a goat
Authors: Hann Michelle , Connolly Niall , Rubio‐Martínez Luis M.
Published: January 2021

A six‐month‐old male neutered pygmy goat presented for treatment of an acute, closed, mildly comminuted, complete, mid‐diaphyseal, displaced, transverse fracture of the right femur. Internal fixation of the fracture was carried out using a 3.5 mm narrow six‐hole locking compression plate. The goat recovered well and was discharged from the hospital with no complications. Follow‐up at one year revealed the goat was ambulating well with no right hindlimb lameness. Internal fixation in small ruminant species is seldom reported but with the increasing popularity of pet goats, fracture fixation is likely to become more common.
Time‐lapse mapping of crop and tillage interactions with soil water using electromagnetic induction
Authors: Brown Meghan , Heinse Robert , Johnson‐Maynard Jodi , Huggins David
Published: January 2021

Assessing spatiotemporal variations in soil water is critical to many decisions in precision agriculture. In dryland crop production regions with marginal precipitation, growers use crop rotations and surface preparation practices to build soil water natural capital over preceding seasons for cash crop production. However, significant gaps exist in quantifying linkages between topography, soil properties, and site‐specific agronomic practices to crop water use, and to predict temporal changes in soil water storage. In this study, we used time‐lapse electromagnetic induction to measure apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) to infer spatiotemporal variability of soil water while comparing crop (winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], spring peas [Pisum sativum L.], and spring barley [Hordeum vulgare L.]) as well as tillage (no till and chisel plow) on a split‐plot design in the Palouse region of northern Idaho. Weekly measurements of ECa were converted to soil water content using multiple linear regression with the help of principal component analysis. Separating factors of temporal stability and variability allowed us to derive crop‐specific calibrated relationships between soil water content and the additional variables growing degree days, elevation, clay content, and silt content. Results suggest that spring peas retained the highest water content, followed by spring barley and winter wheat. Resultant maps show highly structured and consistent patterns in ECa being driven primarily by crop type that are apparent even in uncalibrated imagery. Although soil ECa tended to be greater in no‐tillage compared with chisel plow treatments, we found no significant differences in soil water content between the two. This may be partially due to the limited number of years of no‐till practice at this site.
Ordinal regression: A review and a taxonomy of models
Authors: Tutz Gerhard
Published: January 2021

Ordinal models can be seen as being composed from simpler, in particular binary models. This view on ordinal models allows to derive a taxonomy of models that includes basic ordinal regression models, models with more complex parameterizations, the class of hierarchically structured models, and the more recently developed finite mixture models. The structured overview that is given covers existing models and shows how models can be extended to account for further effects of explanatory variables. Particular attention is given to the modeling of additional heterogeneity as, for example, dispersion effects. The modeling is embedded into the framework of response styles and the exact meaning of heterogeneity terms in ordinal models is investigated. It is shown that the meaning of terms is crucially determined by the type of model that is used. Moreover, it is demonstrated how models with a complex category‐specific effect structure can be simplified to obtain simpler models that fit sufficiently well. The fitting of models is illustrated by use of a real data set, and a short overview of existing software is given.

This article is categorized under:

Statistical Models > Fitting Models

Data: Types and Structure > Categorical Data

Statistical Models > Generalized Linear Models
Psychological processes mediating the association between developmental trauma and specific psychotic symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bloomfield Michael A.P. , Chang Tinya , Woodl Maximillian J. , Lyons Laura M. , Cheng Zhen , Bauer‐Staeb Clarissa , Hobbs Catherine , Bracke Sophie , Kennerley Helen , Isham Louise , Brewin Chris , Billings Jo , Greene Talya , Lewis Glyn
Published: January 2021

Experiencing psychological trauma during childhood and/or adolescence is associated with an increased risk of psychosis in adulthood. However, we lack a clear knowledge of how developmental trauma induces vulnerability to psychotic symptoms. Understanding the psychological processes involved in this association is crucial to the development of preventive interventions and improved treatments. We sought to systematically review the literature and combine findings using meta‐analytic techniques to establish the potential roles of psychological processes in the associations between developmental trauma and specific psychotic experiences (i.e., hallucinations, delusions and paranoia). Twenty‐two studies met our inclusion criteria. We found mediating roles of dissociation, emotional dysregulation and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (avoidance, numbing and hyperarousal) between developmental trauma and hallucinations. There was also evidence of a mediating role of negative schemata, i.e. mental constructs of meanings, between developmental trauma and delusions as well as paranoia. Many studies to date have been of poor quality, and the field is limited by mostly cross‐sectional research. Our findings suggest that there may be distinct psy­chological pathways from developmental trauma to psychotic phenomena in adulthood. Clinicians should carefully ask people with psychosis about their history of developmental trauma, and screen patients with such a history for dissociation, emotional dysregulation and PTSD symptoms. Well conducted research with prospective designs, including neurocognitive assessment, is required in order to fully understand the biopsychosocial mechanisms underlying the association between developmental trauma and psychosis.
RETRACTED: Numerical investigation of nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a pillow plate heat exchanger using a two‐phase model: Effects of the shape of the welding points used in the pillow plate
Authors: Al‐Turki Yusuf A. , Yarmohammadi Ali , Alizadeh As'ad , Toghraie Davood
Published: January 2021

In this study, a numerical investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer of Al2O3‐water nanofluids in a pillow plate heat exchanger with a two‐phase model is investigated. The flow regime studied in this study is in the laminar flow regime such that the Reynolds numbers are 250, 500, 750, and 1000 and the volume fraction of the nanoparticles remained so that the fluid stayed in Newtonian. The volume fraction of nanoparticles is 0, 1, 2, and 3 %. In this study, the effect of the shape of the welding points used in the pillow plate has also been investigated in such a way that three modes of circular welding point, large‐diameter elliptic welding point along with the flow and large‐diameter elliptic welding point perpendicular to the stream have been investigated. Numerical simulation results show that using nanofluid and increasing Reynolds number improves heat transfer, as well as circular welding point, shows the best heat transfer rate. The shape of the welding points has a direct relationship with the pressure drop and heat transfer, as well as the wake created behind the welding points, which have the highest wake and pressure drop respectively for the elliptic welding points perpendicular to the flow, circular and elliptical parallel to the flow. On the other hand, the addition of nanoparticles increases the friction factor and, on the contrary, increases the Reynolds number, which reduces the friction factor. Finally, the highest Reynolds number, the highest volume fraction of nanoparticles, and the circular welding point state show the highest PEC.
Soft modes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SYK model
Authors: Peng Cheng , Stanojevic Stefan
Published: January 2021

Abstract

We study various properties of the soft modes in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric SYK model.
Using Machine Learning in Burnout Prediction: A Survey
Authors: Grządzielewska Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

Accurate prediction provides a number of important benefits for research and decision-making. Occupational burnout is intertwined with individual, cultural, and social factors, the resolution of which requires methods that can deal with large amounts of data. The application of such methods capable of dealing with large datasets is a relatively novel research area in social science. For this purpose, this article presents insights into machine learning methods, mainly related to prediction tasks. A brief review of these techniques in burnout domain was applied. It is shown that the choice of a method depends on the presence of certain dependent variables. This paper also presents a comparison between novel and traditional approaches, which shows that the appropriateness of a technique depends on the aim of the research. The theoretical and practical implications of using machine learning methods in this context is also presented in the paper. It is found that a gap in the study of burnout exists which requires the attention of social work researchers. Through machine learning techniques, new theoretical models of burnout can be created. These algorithms can also provide new approaches to create data-driven interventions. Burnout monitoring systems supported by machine-learning algorithms can also be used in recruitment processes and to supervise employees. Applying machine learning methods in reducing burnout can also provide socio-economic benefits such as help to reduce employee turnover and improve general working conditions.
Risky choices and solidarity: disentangling different behavioural channels
Authors: Strobl Renate , Wunsch Conny
Published: January 2021

We investigate whether informal support is sensitive to the extent to which individuals can influence their income risk exposure by opting into risk. In a laboratory experiment with slum dwellers in Nairobi, we measure subjects’ transfers to a worse-off partner under both random assignment, and self-selection into a safe or risky project. Our experimental design allows us to discriminate between different possible explanations for why giving behaviour might change when risk exposure is self-selected. We find that solidary support is independent of the partners’ choice of risk exposure, which contradicts attributions of responsibility for neediness and ex-post choice egalitarianism. Instead, we find that support depends on donors’ risk preferences. Risk-takers seem to feel less obliged to share the profits they earn from their choices compared to subjects who earn equally high profits by pure luck. Our results have important implications for anti-poverty policies that aim at encouraging risky investments.
Conceptualizing and Fostering the Quality of CES Through a Dutch National Network on CES (NEON)
Authors: Hartman Laura , Widdershoven Guy , van Baarle Eva , Weidema Froukje , Molewijk Bert
Published: January 2021

The prevalence of Clinical ethics support (CES) services is increasing. Yet, questions about what quality of CES entails and how to foster the quality of CES remain. This paper describes the development of a national network (NEON), which aimed to conceptualize and foster the quality of CES in the Netherlands simultaneously. Our methodology was inspired by a responsive evaluation approach which shares some of our key theoretical presuppositions of CES. A responsive evaluation methodology engages stakeholders in developing quality standards of a certain practice, instead of evaluating a practice by predefined standards. In this paper, we describe the relationship between our theoretical viewpoint on CES and a responsive evaluation methodology. Then we describe the development of the network (NEON) and focus on three activities that exemplify our approach. In the discussion, we reflect on the similarities and differences between our approach and other international initiatives focusing on the quality of CES.
Error probability in polarization sensitive communication systems in terms of moments of the channel’s rotation angle
Authors: Schranz Ágoston , Udvary Eszter
Published: January 2021

Polarization effects of channels such as turbulent free space and optical fibers can deteriorate the quality of polarization-sensitive communication schemes, for example, quantum key distribution. The exact nature of the channel is problematic to determine, and most theoretical results are based on approximations. We introduce a general model with probabilistic polarization angle rotation and analyze the average error it causes in terms of the moments of the probability distribution. For a small rotation angle variance, an inequality between distributions’ errors is considered based on their kurtosis values and potentially higher-order central moments. An upper bound is determined for the error probability, holding for all practically interesting scenarios.
Mental work ability: young professionals with mental health problems perceive lower levels of soft skills
Authors: Muschalla Beate , Kutzner Isabel
Published: January 2021

This article published in Gruppe Interaktion Organisation (GIO) reports study results on soft skills and mental work ability in young professionals ready to enter the job market. The so-called soft skills (psychological capacities) are nowadays an entrance ticket into the modern working world. Thus, the question is to which degree young professionals who will soon enter the labor market are fit in their soft skills. Are physical or mental health problems related with deficits in soft skills? Which dimensions of soft skills are impaired?

365 young professionals in advanced education from a technical college, who will soon enter the labor market, were investigated via online-questionnaire. Participants were asked to rate their self-perceived capacity level according to Mini-ICF-APP, mental and physical health problems, exam and education-related anxiety, self-efficacy and procrastination.

Students with mental health problems had higher exam anxiety, and lower study-related self-efficacy as compared to students without health problems at all, or students with physical health problems. But, procrastination behavior was similarly present among students with mental health problems and students with physical health problems. Students with health problems did not report globally weaker capacity levels. Lower levels of capacities depend on the type of health problem: In students with mental health problems, social soft skills were impaired rather than content-related capacities. Physical health problems do not affect the self-perceived psychological capacities.

In conclusion, focusing on specific soft skills in training and work adjustment could be fruitful in addition (or as an alternative) to training of profession-specific expertise.
Introduction to Endo-ERN–scope and mission
Authors: Pereira Alberto M. , Hiort Olaf
Published: January 2021

The official installation of the European Reference Networks in 2017 formed the foundation to improve quality and safety and access to highly specialized health care across the EU for patients affected by rare or low prevalence and complex conditions. The European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN) covers specific expertise from birth to senescence with a specific governance structure characterized by both a pediatric and an adult chair, and equal responsibilities for patient representatives and health care providers. The introduction on the scope and mission of Endo describes the complexity of the Endo-ERN mission and will thrive toward the ultimate aim and mission of the network of reducing health care inequalities across Europe. Specific knowledge and medical expertise of the existing rare endocrine condition is urgently needed, and therefore, raising awareness for Rare Disease Day from the Endo-ERN perspective is imperative.
State Neutrality
Authors: O'Halloran Kerry
Published: January 2021

The state is legally required to be neutral towards religion, but in many countries it is increasingly anything but. This book conducts a comparative legal analysis of the church–state relationship within and between western countries – including the USA, France and Israel – that are key players in international and domestic dynamics in which religion and religious conflict take centre stage. It analyses how government accommodates diversity, how policies of multiculturalism and pluralism translate into legislation, the extent to which they address matters of religion and belief and what pattern of related issues then come before the courts. Finally, it considers how civil society and democracy in general can maintain a balance between the interests of those of different religions and beliefs and those of none. In this illuminating study, Kerry O'Halloran shows how the relationship between religion and government affects civil society and the functioning of democracy in North America and Europe.
Remaking Ukraine after World War II
Authors: Slaveski Filip
Published: January 2021

Ukraine was liberated from German wartime occupation by 1944 but remained prisoner to its consequences for much longer. This study examines Soviet Ukraine's transition from war to 'peace' in the long aftermath of World War II. Filip Slaveski explores the challenges faced by local Soviet authorities in reconstructing central Ukraine, including feeding rapidly growing populations in post-war famine. Drawing on recently declassified Soviet sources, Filip Slaveski traces the previously unknown bitter struggle for land, food and power among collective farmers at the bottom of the Soviet social ladder, local and central authorities. He reveals how local authorities challenged central ones for these resources in pursuit of their own vision of rebuilding central Ukraine, undermining the Stalinist policies they were supposed to implement and forsaking the farmers in the process. In so doing, Slaveski demonstrates how the consequences of this battle shaped post-war reconstruction, and continue to resonate in contemporary Ukraine, especially with the ordinary people caught in the middle.
From Civilians to Soldiers and from Soldiers to Civilians
Authors: Baas Saskia
Published: January 2021

Drawing on extensive research and personal accounts, this hard-hitting study investigates the processes of mobilization and demobilization of fighters from all factions during the long, drawn out civil war in Sudan. Through in-depth interviews with current and former combatants in Sudan Saskia Baas investigates how civilians get drawn into the conflict and what the deep consequences are for becoming part of a guerilla movement. The resulting narrative is fascinating and disturbing, while providing vivid insight into the dynamics of civil war that are relevant to conflicts all over the world. From Civilians to Soldiers and from Soldiers to Civilians will appeal to political scientists, military historians, and nonacademic audiences interested in the conflict in Sudan.
Dutch Herring
Authors: Poulsen Bo , Lyddon Dave , Vandaele Kurt
Published: January 2021

In the seventeenth century, the Dutch herring fisheries in the North Sea were considered the most sophisticated and demanding fishing operation in the world. This is the first study to assess the North Sea herring and herring fisheries over the span of several centuries. It contributes to the understanding of pre-modern natural resource exploitation and the role of the natural environment in long-term development of the Dutch herring fisheries.
Host States’ Monetary Sovereignty Within the Construct of Bilateral Investment Treaties
Authors: Aniodoh Adaeze Agatha
Published: January 2021

This article considers assertions of the diminution of the monetary sovereignty of host states when they sign bilateral investment treaties. It discusses monetary transfer provisions in the model BITs of South Africa and Egypt and how their construction can affect states’ rights to regulatory autonomy in mitigating financial crises. This has become imperative in light of recent discussions on the possibilities for a systemic overhaul of BIT provisions, by pushing back against the diminution of host states’ sovereignty in order to respond to the force of globalization. Achieving this would require reform of existing model BITs to introduce appropriate exceptions in order to ensure policy space to protect the public interest.
Stones of the Saints? Inscribed Stones, Monasticism and the Evangelisation of Western and Northern Britain in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries
Authors: DARK KEN
Published: January 2021

Despite the paucity of written sources for fifth- and sixth-century Britain, there are many inscriptions containing brief texts in Latin or Irish. This paper reinterprets these inscribed stones, showing that, contrary to the universal current assumption that most represent the memorials of secular notables, a much stronger case can be made for understanding them as ecclesiastical monuments associated with the cult of saints. Read in this way, they offer new insights into the fifth- and sixth-century British Church and the evangelisation of the west and north of Britain during these centuries.