bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who is the spokesperson for whom? Intendants, budgets and action at a distance in the Kingdom of Naples during the French decade (1806–1815)
Authors: Migliori Stefania , Di Cimbrini Tiziana , Consorti Augusta
Published: June 2018

The article uses Latour’s actor-network perspective to explore the role of accounting and the intendants (administrative officials) in integrating the Kingdom of Naples into Napoleon’s empire during the first decade of the nineteenth century. By comparing the ‘action at a distance’ network planned by the French empire and its actual ‘translation’ played by both human actors and accounting technologies, we reveal certain unintended consequences. Although the French plan assigned the main translating role to the budgets, the intendants resulted as the main players. Their role as intermediates of the budgets transmission between local and central levels of government had the greatest influence on the ‘translation’ process. This role stemmed from the need to overcome the resistance of the local governments against the French plan. The main contribution of this work is to highlight that network survival may require human actors to replace technologies in ‘translation’ processes.
Assessing the Impact of the 2008 Financial Crisis on the Labor Force, Employment, and Wages of Persons with Disabilities in Spain
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Chacón-García Jorge
Published: June 2018

The financial crisis of 2008 has had a greater effect on people with disabilities than on those without disabilities in Spain. In recent years, the number of persons with disabilities registered as part of the labor force and having a higher educational level has increased. However, the unemployment rate among people with disabilities has grown at a faster pace, especially for women and young people. A similar situation has occurred with respect to the annual gross average wage; the gap between those with and without disabilities has increased in the years following the crisis. The present study reveals that Spanish public policies aimed at improving levels of employment for people with disabilities have not achieved the expected results. Here, we explore the possible causes and compare the results with those obtained in the United States.
Suicide Attempt Survivorship and Designation as a Concealable Stigmatized Identity
Authors: Fulginiti Anthony , Frey Laura M.
Published: June 2018

Despite literature on unique challenges faced by people living with concealable stigmatized identities (CSIs), no research has explored this concept among suicide attempt survivors. Social network interviews with 26 attempt survivors about their family relationships were used to assess whether attempt-survivor status is consistent with CSI criteria. Participants concealed their attempt from 51% of family members and perceived that 46% of them held stigmatizing attitudes toward attempt survivors. Additionally, 42% agreed that being a survivor is central to who they are, and 46% indicated they commonly thought about being an attempt survivor. Applying the CSI concept to attempt survivors establishes conceptual linkages to resources and interventions developed for other CSIs, which could increase the field’s ability to respond to attempt-survivor needs.
Microglia-Astrocyte Crosstalk: An Intimate Molecular Conversation
Authors: Jha Mithilesh Kumar , Jo Myungjin , Kim Jae-Hong , Suk Kyoungho
Published: June 2018

Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk has recently been at the forefront of glial research. Emerging evidence illustrates that microglia- and astrocyte-derived signals are the functional determinants for the fates of astrocytes and microglia, respectively. By releasing diverse signaling molecules, both microglia and astrocytes establish autocrine feedback and their bidirectional conversation for a tight reciprocal modulation during central nervous system (CNS) insult or injury. Microglia, the constant sensors of changes in the CNS microenvironment and restorers of tissue homeostasis, not only serve as the primary immune cells of the CNS but also regulate the innate immune functions of astrocytes. Similarly, microglia determine the functions of reactive astrocytes, ranging from neuroprotective to neurotoxic. Conversely, astrocytes through their secreted molecules regulate microglial phenotypes and functions ranging from motility to phagocytosis. Altogether, the microglia-astrocyte crosstalk is fundamental to neuronal functions and dysfunctions. This review discusses the current understanding of the intimate molecular conversation between microglia and astrocytes and outlines its potential implications in CNS health and disease.
Conservative Management of Overanticoagulation in Patients With Low–Moderate Risk for Bleeding Complications
Authors: Schapkaitz Elise , Louw Susan , Friedman Jessica , Sithole Johanna , Masebe Mavis , Jacobson Barry F.
Published: June 2018

Despite long-standing experience with warfarin, anticoagulation clinic services are often confronted with the challenging clinical situation of patients with overanticoagulation. This requires repeat international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring and in some cases administration of vitamin K to minimize the risk of bleeding. A study was performed to determine the safety and efficacy of outpatient management in order to provide guidance on the management of patients with prolonged INRs. Patients on stable warfarin therapy for more than 1 month attending a dedicated academic hospital anticoagulation clinic who had an INR ≥5 were identified over a 1-year period. Follow-up INR results and outcomes were recorded for 30 days. One hundred and ninety-five episodes of overanticoagulation in 148 patients were identified. Patients were classified as low risk (n = 85, 57.4%) and moderate risk of bleeding (n = 63, 42.6%). The mean index INR was 7.22 (1.88). Management with low-dose oral vitamin K (n = 32, 16.4%) did not significantly result in a more rapid correction of the INR when compared to conservative management (n = 163, 83.6%; P = .103). Follow-up INR testing was performed at a mean of 11.1 (8.9) days from the index measurement. A mean of 1.6 (0.9) follow-up INR tests were performed per episode. During the 30-day follow-up, there was 1 (0.5%) episode of major bleeding and 1 (0.5%) death. The management of asymptomatic outpatients with overanticoagulation is associated with a low risk of major bleeding within 30 days. Conservative management of overanticoagulation is as effective as utilizing low-dose oral vitamin K.
Firm Performance in the Hospitality Industry: Do CEO Attributes and Compensation Matter?
Authors: Li Yuan , Singal Manisha
Published: June 2018

Past research has shown mixed results regarding the role CEO compensation plays in influencing firm financial performance in the hospitality industry. To explore this relationship further, we concomitantly examine the role of compensation and CEO attributes like education, age, tenure, functional background, and gender on firm financial performance. Our analyses are based on secondary and hand-collected data from a large and comprehensive sample of U.S. publicly traded hospitality firms. The results from panel data analyses show that CEO cash compensation is positively related to return on assets, while equity compensation is unrelated to firm performance. We further find that when CEO compensation and attributes are jointly examined, CEO compensation has a relatively lower impact on firm performance than CEO attributes do. The results imply that the hospitality industry may want to reconsider its compensation practices in order to better align the interests of managers and shareholders and motivate managers to maximize firm value.
Lifetime exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the risk of multiple sclerosis in the US radiologic technologists cohort study
Authors: Gallagher Lisa G , Ilango Sindana , Wundes Annette , Stobbe Gary A , Turk Katherine W , Franklin Gary M , Linet Martha S , Freedman D Michal , Alexander Bruce H , Checkoway Harvey
Published: June 2018

Background:

Low exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight may be a risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Possible pathways may be related to effects on immune system function or vitamin D insufficiency, as UVR plays a role in the production of the active form of vitamin D in the body.

Objective:

This study examined whether lower levels of residential UVR exposure from sunlight were associated with increased MS risk in a cohort of radiologic technologists.

Methods:

Participants in the third and fourth surveys of the US Radiologic Technologists (USRT) Cohort Study eligible ( N = 39,801) for analysis provided complete residential histories and reported MS diagnoses. MS-specialized neurologists conducted medical record reviews and confirmed 148 cases. Residential locations throughout life were matched to satellite data from NASA’s Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) project to estimate UVR dose.

Results:

Findings indicate that MS risk increased as average lifetime levels of UVR exposures in winter decreased. The effects were consistent across age groups <40 years. There was little indication that low exposures during summer or at older ages were related to MS risk.

Conclusion:

Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that UVR exposure reduces MS risk and may ultimately suggest prevention strategies.
Second-screen subsumption: Aesthetics of control and the second-screen facilitation of hyper-attentive watching-labour
Authors: Avanesi Vino
Published: June 2018

The article at hand theorizes the political economic shift between the aesthetic strategies deployed by network television in the broadcast-era and those deployed in the matrix-era. It argues that where in the former era certain strategies allowed for the disciplining of viewers’ sensory dimensions and in turn allowed for the ‘factory’ process of watching-labour to penetrate the private lives of people, in the latter era this factory process has not only collapsed into the home but also into viewers’ sensoria. And, that this is due to the nature of the control mechanisms embedded in the new aesthetic strategies deployed by media-capital through second-screen technologies. This article concludes by theorizing said set of mechanisms as an iteration of a society-wide aesthetic of control essential to the operation of contemporary capitalism.
Dendritic and eutectic growth of Sn–0.5 wt.%Cu solders with low alloying Al levels
Authors: Lima Thiago Soares , Silva Bismarck Luiz , Garcia Amauri , Cheung Noé , Spinelli José Eduardo
Published: June 2018

The dependences of microstructures on the solidification thermal parameters of Sn–0.5 wt.%Cu, Sn–0.5 wt.%Cu–0.05 wt.%Al, and Sn–0.5 wt.%Cu–0.1 wt.%Al alloys are examined. Ranges of sizes and morphologies of microstructural phases have been quantitatively assessed due to the broad spectra of cooling rates and thermal gradients associated with the experiments. Various types of growth relations are proposed to represent the microstructural progresses. Al addition does not change either the matrix primary dendritic spacing or the spacing between Cu6Sn5 particles. However, it is shown that the secondary dendrite arm spacing, λ2, is greatly affected, increasing with the increase in the Al content. Both globular-type and fibrous-type morphologies typify the Cu6Sn5 intermetallics located in interdendritic zones.
Assessing attitudes towards evidence-based practice among social workers in Hong Kong
Authors: Kim Minseop
Published: June 2018

Given that professionals’ attitudes towards evidence-based practice is a key to implementing evidence-based practice, considerable attention has been devoted to understanding social workers’ attitudes towards evidence-based practice, with interventions to change those attitudes and thereby promote the adoption of evidence-based practice. In the Chinese context, however, neither systematic studies nor interventions have been conducted, in part because of the lack of valid scales to measure such attitudes among Chinese social workers. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale, using data collected from 181 registered social workers in Hong Kong.

Findings

Confirmative factor analysis found that Chinese social workers’ attitudes towards evidence-based practice can be captured by four distinct constructs: (1) intuitive Appeal of evidence-based practice, (2) likelihood of adopting evidence-based practice given Requirements to, (3) Openness to change, and (4) Divergence of usual practice with research-based interventions. Reliability coefficients showed that the subscales and overall scale have good internal consistency reliability. With the demonstrated validity and reliability, scores on the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale indicated that Hong Kong social workers have less positive attitudes towards evidence-based practice, compared to their Western counterparts.

Applications

This study provides evidence about the potential usefulness of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale for research and practice in the Chinese context. The Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale can be used for studies to uncover remediable barriers to the adoption of evidence-based practice, which may inform the development of tailored evidence-based practice implementation and dissemination strategies in the Chinese context.
Using Video to Teach Early Language Concepts and Symbols to Children With Complex Communication Needs
Authors: Huist Andrea E. , McCarthy John W. , Boster Jamie B. , Benigno Joann P.
Published: June 2018

Young children who cannot use their natural speech to communicate their daily wants, needs, thoughts, and opinions often rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies that frequently use graphic symbols to assemble messages. Early intervention strategies typically focus on visual scene displays (VSDs) to place target messages in familiar contextualized scenes. However, there are currently no bridging strategies to assist children in moving from VSDs to displays incorporating discrete graphic symbols. The use of contextualized video vignettes is a potential bridge. This preliminary study implemented an intervention using video and play activities paired with a direct instruction approach to teach 10 graphic symbols of important early concepts to children with complex communication needs (CCN). A single-subject multiple baseline across subjects research design was used. Results indicated that the intervention was effective in teaching the target concepts.
Mixing Methods to Explain Emigration Policies: A Post-Positivist Perspective
Authors: Gamlen Alan , McIntyre Chris
Published: June 2018

Growing numbers of researchers are using mixed methods to study migration, often highlighting the practical reasons connected with policy engagement. However, in this article we emphasize epistemological and theoretical rather than purely practical reasons for using mixed methods in the study of migration. Specifically, we argue that mixed methods designs are well suited to research that attempts to explain sociopolitical action within a post-positivist epistemological framework. We provide an example of this approach in the Diaspora Engagement Policies Project, a 5-year project to explain the global proliferation of formal government institutions for emigrants and their descendants.
Shock microcycle of repeated-sprint training in hypoxia and tennis performance: Case study in a rookie professional player
Authors: Brechbuhl Cyril , Schmitt Laurent , Millet Grégoire P , Brocherie Franck
Published: June 2018

The aim of this case study was to investigate the effects of a shock microcycle of repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) on physical fitness and tennis performance. One rookie professional tennis player performed repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 (YYIR2) tests before and after (+3 days and +21 days) six sessions of RSH (4 sets of 5 × ∼6 s repeated-shuttle sprint interspersed by ∼24 s of passive recovery) practiced during a 14-day “in-season” period. Tennis performance was subjectively measured from match results and Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) points obtained during four professional tournaments played before and after intervention. While no changes were found at +3 days post-RSH, improvements in physical fitness (single sprint time (−4.5%), RSA total time (−3.1%) and sprint decrement (−16.7%), as well as YYIR2 total distance covered (+21.4%)) were observable at +21 days post-RSH. Tennis performance obtained during the tournaments was better after intervention. From pre to post-RSH, the decreases in opponents’ ATP ranking during matches won (1109 ± 334 points vs. 818 ± 212 points) and lost (499 ± 68 points vs. 256 ± 58 points) revealed a stronger opposition. Consequently, a three-fold increase (from 4 to 12 ATP points gained from pre to post-RSH) in participant’s ATP ranking was recorded. In summary, a 14-day “in-season” shock microcycle including six sessions of repeated-sprint training in hypoxia revealed interesting effects in specific fitness and tennis performance in a rookie professional tennis player.
A systematic approach to the investigation and treatment of nocturia
Authors: Elhadi Mohammed , Younis Ayman , Harding Chris
Published: June 2018

Level of evidence: 4.
‘An inside job’: An autobiographical account of desistance
Authors: Hart Wayne , Healy Deirdre
Published: June 2018

Various theories have been put forward to explain the processes underpinning desistance from crime. To provide additional insights into this phenomenon, this article presents an autobiographical account of one man’s journey towards a crime-free life. The narrative reveals a change process that is at once personal and universal, and describes the external forces that shaped his pathway to desistance as well as his experiences of personal fortitude and agency. In addition, it highlights the role of probation supervision as a catalyst for change. The autobiographical account is accompanied by a reflective academic commentary that situates these personal life experiences within the wider desistance literature. While the reader may view the autobiographical tone of this article as subjective, it should be noted that the account is not simply a re-telling of an individual life story but offers a critical appraisal of existing knowledge viewed through the lens of one person’s journey towards desistance.
Feasibility and Effect of a Peer Modeling Workplace Physical Activity Intervention for Women
Authors: Rowland Sheri A. , Berg Kris E. , Kupzyk Kevin A. , Pullen Carol H. , Cohen Marlene Z. , Schulz Paula S. , Yates Bernice C.
Published: June 2018

Most working women do not meet current guidelines for physical activity (PA). A 12-week pilot study tested a workplace, peer modeling PA intervention. Inactive female employees from a health system were randomized to an attention control group (ACG; n = 26) or an intervention group (IG; n = 26). The ACG received health information. The IG participated in six group sessions with an active peer model and received an exercise prescription and PA information. Pre and post measures were PA (ActiGraph), Estimated VO2max (cycle ergometer), resting heart rate (HR), glucose and lipids, and cardiovascular risk. Using hierarchical linear modeling, no significant group by time effects were found. Although PA increased in both groups, F( df = 1) = 11.4, p = .002, the IG had greater improvements in fitness (VO2max, HR) and cardiovascular risk (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein [LDL], calculated risk score) compared with ACG. Results support repeating this intervention in a fully powered study.
Low-socioeconomic Status Students Organizing around Class on Campus
Authors: Lee Elizabeth M.
Published: June 2018

While scholars have developed stronger understandings of challenges facing low-socioeconomic status (SES) students, there has been very little examination of students’ advocacy on their own behalves. The last 10 years have seen a substantial and rapid increase in low-SES students organizing campus groups to provide safe space, activism, and/or education around class inequality at selective and highly selective colleges and universities. By utilizing literature on other student activist movements, I make two contributions. First, I extend the existing work on student activism to include a contemporary and growing movement around socioeconomic inequality that is—unlike many previous campus movements—largely operating independently of a broader, noncampus social movement. Second, I detail the challenges students face in seeking changes on their own campuses, which I argue are both specific to their roles as activists and also exacerbated, in many cases, by their positions as low-SES students. These findings, therefore, help to further illuminate the ways that socioeconomic inequality is maintained on college campuses over time and also to highlight a growing campus-based social movement.
Early Childhood Educational Settings and School Absenteeism for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Ansari Arya , Gottfried Michael A.
Published: June 2018

Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 were used to examine the implications of preschool and full-day kindergarten enrollment for the subsequent school absences of 2,056 children with disabilities. Results suggest that children with disabilities who went to preschool were absent less frequently in kindergarten, but these benefits did not persist through the end of first grade. Conversely, children with disabilities who attended full-day kindergarten programs were absent more frequently during the kindergarten year as compared with children in part-day programs, but these children experienced a sharper drop in absenteeism throughout the following school year resulting in no differences in school absences in first grade. No multiplicative benefits emerged for attending both preschool and full-day kindergarten. And even though these aforementioned benefits of preschool diminished rapidly, there were lingering academic benefits through the end of first grade because of improvements in earlier school attendance.
Refining risk classification in childhood B acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of DFCI ALL Consortium Protocol 05-001
Authors: Vrooman Lynda M. , Blonquist Traci M. , Harris Marian H. , Stevenson Kristen E. , Place Andrew E. , Hunt Sarah K. , O’Brien Jane E. , Asselin Barbara L. , Athale Uma H. , Clavell Luis A. , Cole Peter D. , Kelly Kara M. , Laverdiere Caroline , Leclerc Jean-Marie , Michon Bruno , Schorin Marshall A. , Sulis Maria Luisa , Welch Jennifer J. G. , Neuberg Donna S. , Sallan Stephen E. , Silverman Lewis B.
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Childhood B-ALL patients, including those with VHR features, had favorable outcomes on DFCI 05-001 risk-stratified therapy. IKZF1 deletion was an independent predictor of inferior outcome, including among patients with low end-induction MRD.
Effect of knee unloading shoes on regional plantar forces in people with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis – an exploratory study
Authors: van Tunen Joyce A. C. , Paterson Kade L. , Wrigley Tim V. , Metcalf Ben R. , Thorlund Jonas B. , Hinman Rana S.
Published: June 2018

Background

Knee ‘unloading’ footwear can reduce the external knee adduction moment in people with knee osteoarthritis, yet effects of these shoes on regional plantar forces are unknown. We evaluated the effects of unloading shoes on in‐shoe regional plantar forces, and whether measures of foot posture and/or mobility moderate these effects in people with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

In this exploratory study 21 participants underwent testing while wearing knee unloading shoes (ASICS GEL‐Melbourne OA) and conventional shoes in random order. Peak total forces were compared across conditions for: lateral heel, medial heel, lateral forefoot, and medial forefoot. Arch index, centre of pressure position and medial‐lateral heel peak force ratio were also evaluated. Foot posture, foot mobility magnitude and navicular drop were separately added to the mixed linear model to investigate if these modified the effect of footwear on outcomes.

Results

Unloading shoes significantly increased lateral heel and lateral forefoot force (12.9 and 20.2% respectively, all P < 0.001), with concurrent decreases in the medial heel (8.9%, P = 0.001) and medial forefoot (9.9%, P = 0.005). Unloading shoes significantly shifted the centre of pressure anteriorly (4.7%, P < 0.001) and laterally (5.6%, P = 0.034), but did not affect the arch index (8.7%, P = 0.093). Foot posture, foot mobility magnitude and navicular drop did not moderate the effect of footwear on outcomes.

Conclusion

Compared to conventional shoes, unloading shoes caused a lateral shift in foot pressure and force patterns. Although these effects were not moderated by foot posture, FMM or navicular drop, variability in the individual increases in lateral heel force suggests participant characteristics other than foot posture may play a role.

Trial registration

ACTRN12613000851763. Registered 02 August 2013.
Stratification of the risk of bipolar disorder recurrences in pregnancy and postpartum
Authors: Di Florio Arianna , Gordon-Smith Katherine , Forty Liz , Kosorok Michael R. , Fraser Christine , Perry Amy , Bethell Andrew , Craddock Nick , Jones Lisa , Jones Ian
Published: June 2018

Background

Pregnancy and childbirth are a period of high risk for women with bipolar disorder and involve difficult decisions particularly about continuing or stopping medications.

Aims

To explore what clinical predictors may help to individualise the risk of perinatal recurrence in women with bipolar disorder.

Method

Information was gathered retrospectively by semi-structured interview, questionnaires and case-note review from 887 women with bipolar disorder who have had children. Clinical predictors were selected using backwards stepwise logistic regression, conditional permutation random forests and reinforcement learning trees.

Results

Previous perinatal history of affective psychosis or depression was the most significant predictor of a perinatal recurrence (odds ratio (OR) = 8.5, 95% CI 5.04–14.82 and OR = 3.6, 95% CI 2.55–5.07 respectively) but even parous women with bipolar disorder without a previous perinatal mood episode were at risk following a subsequent pregnancy, with 7% developing postpartum psychosis.

Conclusions

Previous perinatal history of affective psychosis or depression is the most important predictor of perinatal recurrence in women with bipolar disorder and can be used to individualise risk assessments.

Declaration of interest

None.
Local Site Effects and Incremental Damage of Buildings during the 2016 Central Italy Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Sextos Anastasios , De Risi Raffaele , Pagliaroli Alessandro , Foti Sebastiano , Passeri Federico , Ausilio Ernesto , Cairo Roberto , Capatti Maria Chiara , Chiabrando Filiberto , Chiaradonna Anna , Dashti Shideh , De Silva Filomena , Dezi Francesca , Durante Maria Giovanna , Giallini Silvia , Lanzo Giuseppe , Sica Stefania , Simonelli Armando L. , Zimmaro Paolo
Published: June 2018

The Central Italy earthquake sequence initiated on 24 August 2016 with a moment magnitude M6.1 event, followed by two earthquakes (M5.9 and M6.5) on 26 and 30 October, caused significant damage and loss of life in the town of Amatrice and other nearby villages and hamlets. The significance of this sequence led to a major international reconnaissance effort to thoroughly examine the effects of this disaster. Specifically, this paper presents evidences of strong local site effects (i.e., amplification of seismic waves because of stratigraphic and topographic effects that leads to damage concentration in certain areas). It also examines the damage patterns observed along the entire sequence of events in association with the spatial distribution of ground motion intensity with emphasis on the clearly distinct performance of reinforced concrete and masonry structures under multiple excitations. The paper concludes with a critical assessment of past retrofit measures efficiency and a series of lessons learned as per the behavior of structures to a sequence of strong earthquake events.
Association Between Intraoperative Oliguria and Acute Kidney Injury After Major Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Shiba Ayako , Uchino Shigehiko , Fujii Tomoko , Takinami Masanori , Uezono Shoichi
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 6.1%–22.4% of patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Previous studies have shown no association between intraoperative urine output and postoperative acute renal failure. However, these studies used various definitions of acute renal failure. We therefore investigated the association between intraoperative oliguria and postoperative AKI defined by the serum creatinine criteria of the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) classification.

METHODS:

In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, we screened 26,984 patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during the period September 1, 2008 to October 31, 2011 at a university hospital. Exclusion criteria were age <18 years; duration of anesthesia <120 minutes; hospital stay <2 nights; local anesthesia only; urologic or cardiac surgery; coexisting end-stage kidney disease; and absence of serum creatinine measurement, intraoperative urine output data, or information regarding intraoperative drug use. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used as the primary analytic method.

RESULTS:

A total of 5894 patients were analyzed. The incidence of postoperative AKI was 7.3%. By multivariable analysis, ≥120 minutes of oliguria (odds ratio = 2.104, 95% CI, 1.593–2.778; P < .001) was independently associated with the development of postoperative AKI. After propensity-score matching of patients with ≥120 and <120 minutes of oliguria on baseline characteristics, the incidence of AKI in patients with ≥120 minutes of oliguria (n = 827; 10%) was significantly greater than that in those with <120 minutes of oliguria (n = 827; 4.8%; odds ratio = 2.195, 95% CI, 1.806–2.668; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Contrary to previous studies, we found that intraoperative oliguria is associated with the incidence of AKI after major noncardiac surgery.
High-Fidelity Simulation Nurse Training Reduces Unplanned Interruption of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Sessions in Critically Ill Patients: The SimHeR Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lemarie Pierre , Husser Vidal Solenne , Gergaud Soizic , Verger Xavier , Rineau Emmanuel , Berton Jerome , Parot-Schinkel Elsa , Hamel Jean-François , Lasocki Sigismond
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:

Although continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is common, unplanned interruptions (UI) often limit its usefulness. In many units, nurses are responsible for CRRT management. We hypothesized that a nurse training program based on high-fidelity simulation would reduce the rate of interrupted sessions.

METHODS:

We performed a 2-phase (training and evaluation), randomized, single-center, open study: During the training phase, intensive care unit nurses underwent a 6-hour training program and were randomized to receive (intervention) or not (control) an additional high-fidelity simulation training (6 hours). During the evaluation phase, management of CRRT sessions was randomized to either intervention or control nurses. Sessions were defined as UI if they were interrupted and the interruption was not prescribed in writing more than 3 hours before.

RESULTS:

Study nurses had experience with hemodialysis, but no experience with CRRT before training. Intervention nurses had higher scores than control nurses on the knowledge tests (grade, median [Q1–Q3], 14 [10.5–15] vs 11 [10–12]/20; P = .044). During a 13-month period, 106 sessions were randomized (n = 53/group) among 50 patients (mean age 70 ± 13 years, mean simplified acute physiology II score 69 [54–96]). Twenty-one sessions were not analyzed (4 were not performed and 17 patients died during sessions). Among the 42 intervention and 43 control sessions analyzed, 25 (59%) and 38 (88%) were labeled as UI (relative risk [95% CI], 0.67 [0.51–0.88]; P = .002). Intervention nurses required help significantly less frequently (0 [0–1] vs 3 [1–4] times/session; P < .0001). The 2 factors associated with UI in multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression were Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (odds ratio [95% CI], 0.81 [0.65–99]; P = .047) and the intervention group (odds ratio, 0.19 [0.05–0.73]; P = .015).

CONCLUSIONS:

High-fidelity simulation nurse training reduced the rate of UI of CRRT sessions and the need for nurses to request assistance. This intervention may be particularly useful in the context of frequent nursing staff turnover.
Transcriptional responses of Anopheles gambiae s.s mosquito larvae to chronic exposure of cadmium heavy metal
Authors: Muturi Catherine N. , Rono Martin K. , Masiga Daniel K. , Wachira Francis N. , Ochieng Richard , Mireji Paul O.
Published: June 2018

Background: Anopheles gambiae larvae traditionally thrive in non-polluted environments. We previously documented the presence of the larvae in heavy metal polluted urban aquatic environments and the associated biological cost. The goal of this study was to unravel the molecular dynamics involved in the adaptation of the mosquitoes to the heavy metals.

Methods: Total RNA was extracted from third instar larvae of both cadmium treated populations and untreated control populations. The RNA concentrations were normalized and complementary DNAs were prepared. Then annealing control primer (ACP) technology was applied to establish transcriptional responses in An. gambiae larvae following several generational (n=90) chronic exposures to cadmium. Differentially expressed genes were determined by their differential banding patterns on an agarose gel. Gel extraction and purification was then carried out on the DEGs and these were later cloned and sequenced to establish the specific transcripts.   

Results: We identified 14 differentially expressed transcripts in response to the cadmium exposure in the larvae. Most (11) of the transcripts were up-regulated in response to the cadmium exposure and were putatively functionally associated with metabolism, transport and protein synthesis processes. The transcripts included ATP-binding cassette transporter, eupolytin, ribosomal RNA, translation initiation factor, THO complex, lysosomal alpha-mannosidase, sodium-independent sulfate anion transporter and myotubularin related protein 2. The down-regulated transcripts were functionally associated with signal transduction and proteolytic activity and included Protein G12, adenylate cyclase and endoplasmic reticulum metallopeptidase.

Conclusions: Our findings shed light on pathways functionally associated with the adaptation to heavy metals that can be targeted in integrated vector control programs, and potential An. gambiae larvae biomarkers for assessment of environmental stress or contamination.
aPKC: the Kinase that Phosphorylates Cell Polarity
Authors: Hong Yang
Published: June 2018

Establishing and maintaining cell polarity are dynamic processes that necessitate complicated but highly regulated protein interactions. Phosphorylation is a powerful mechanism for cells to control the function and subcellular localization of a target protein, and multiple kinases have played critical roles in cell polarity. Among them, atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) is likely the most studied kinase in cell polarity and has the largest number of downstream substrates characterized so far. More than half of the polarity proteins that are essential for regulating cell polarity have been identified as aPKC substrates. This review covers mainly studies of aPKC in regulating anterior-posterior polarity in the worm one-cell embryo and apical-basal polarity in epithelial cells and asymmetrically dividing cells (for example,Drosophilaneuroblasts). We will go through aPKC target proteins in cell polarity and discuss various mechanisms by which aPKC phosphorylation controls their subcellular localizations and biological functions. We will also review the recent progress in determining the detailed molecular mechanisms in spatial and temporal control of aPKC subcellular localization and kinase activity during cell polarization.
Medical collections today
Authors: Toomsalu Maie , Randjärv Pille
Published: June 2018

In 1890 Professor of Anatomy August Antonius Rauber founded a museum of anatomy at the Old Anatomical Theatre in Tartu (Dorpat) in order to illustrate his lectures and to improve the students’ knowledge. As Rauber lectured in German, but most students were Russians, illustrating lectures with models and original specimens was of great significance. Unfortunately, a great number of exhibits of Rauber’s museum, although not all, have been lost in wars. In 1999, the institutes moved from the Old and New Anatomical The atres to the new building of Biomedicum. This, however, could not accommodate the collection of pathological anatomy which had been collected over 200 years, and it remained in the Old Anatomical Theatre. The Club of Friends of the Old Anatomical Theatre succeeded in writing a project to keep the Old Anatomical Theatre and the excellent collection of pathological anatomy alive.

In September 2005, a medical exhibition was opened in the same Old Anatomical Theatre again, now under the name of the Medical Collections of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tartu. The exhibition also acquired a number of new functions.

During 2011, the Medical Collections of the Faculty of Medicine cooperated with the Estonian Sports Museum, and the collections were displayed in their exhibition hall.

In 2012, the medical exhibition moved to the premises of the Science Centre AHHAA, and since then, educational programmes have been developed.
Science intensive technology for ceramic tile quality control using computer vision
Authors: Блохин Кирилл , Blokhin Kirill , Матлахов Виталий , Matlakhov Vitaliy , Xандожко Виктор , Khandozhko Viktor
Published: June 2018

This paper is a result generalization of theoretical investigations and a practical realization of the system of computer vision to control ceramic tile technological parameters. A basic problem is a choice of hardware and software for the definition and analysis of moving objects according to a sequence of images obtained during small time intervals. To identify similar objects against a background complex enough, but motionless it is necessary to define areas in which a motion is supposed. As a result of investigations of the areas found they may be changes up to dimensions of objects (that is, find objects themselves) and define parameters of their motion. At the same time, the number and dimensions of objects in the image can change within wide limits. The analysis carried out has shown that the application of OpenCV library allows simplifying the realization of such a system, and a developed programming module may be used in other fields of automated production.
Engineering product quality control at all stages of product life
Authors: Суслов Анатолий , Suslov Anatoliy
Published: June 2018

In the paper it is shown that at quality control of engineering products particular attention should be paid to engineering and technological measures which exert basic influence upon assurance and quality increase. Technical and technological measures are shown at all stages of product life: marketing; design; technological pre-production; manufacturing materials, blanks, parts and their assembly; operation; repair and utilization. It is emphasized that still at the preliminary stages it is necessary that a factor of competitive ability of a product designed should be defined. It is shown convincingly that engineering product quality is formed at the stage of design and ensured at the stage of manufacturing. The realization of measures shown in the paper allows ensuring high-quality competitive engineering product manufacturing at enterprises.
Implementation of Basic Educational Programs in Directions of Training 51.03.03 “Social-Cultural Activity”. The pedagogy of Volunteerism
Authors: Васильковская Маргарита , Vasil'kovskaya Margarita
Published: June 2018

The author of the article focuses on the inclusion of pedagogics of the Institute of volunteering in the implementation of basic educational programs of the training direction 51.03.03 “Social and cultural activities” in the context of the requirements of the modern labor market. At the same time, the Institute of volunteerism is considered as a social institution, which is an independent public education, which has its own logic of development, a system of values, norms, ideals, as well as samples of behavior of people in socially useful activities on the principles of gratuitousness. The author notes that pedagogy of the Institute of volunteering requires a comprehensive use of tools, forms and methods of pedagogy and provides a positive trend not only in gaining knowledge of the theoretical and practical foundations of social and cultural activities, as well as in the development of socio-cultural creativity of the students.
On the Issue of Modern Educational Environment
Authors: Власенко В. , Vlasenko V. , Ганеев А. , Ganeev A.
Published: June 2018

In the conditions of education digitalization, the educational environment changes, technologies become not only the instrument. They transform education in accordance with the requirements of the information society, infl uencing educational process organization, teaching methods and education content. The article deals with the transformation of approaches to the concept of the educational environment, its place and role in the modern educational process. The authors analyze the main approaches to the defi nition of the modern educational environment depending on the purposes of its projecting. The article considers the necessary changes in the approaches to the development of teachers’ skills in mastering eff ective strategies of professional activity in a modern educational environment saturated with digital tools.
Functional Literacy of Younger Schoolchild: Problem Statement
Authors: Виноградова Наталья , Vinogradova Natalya
Published: June 2018

The article considers approaches to the formation of functional literacy of younger schoolchildren as a planned result of training. The importance and necessity of the development of general cultural literacy byyounger schoolchildren as a central component of social functional literacy is discussed. We consider a set of skills that give the subject the opportunity to navigate in certain cultural phenomena, correctly perceive and interpret the author’s design of various artistic works, and solve creative problems. Specific examples describe methods, procedures and forms of organization of training of younger schoolchildren, contributing to the formation and development of elements of general cultural functional literacy.
Ensuring Continuity Between Preschool and Primary General Education
Authors: Тимофеева Лилия , Timofeeva Liliya
Published: June 2018

The article substantiates scientifically the approaches to ensuring continuity between the two levels of education — pre-school and primary general, the relevant regulatory and legal framework is considered, and the specifics of the public attitude to this problem are discussed. The article describes conditions for the formation of pre-school activities in preschoolers, such as the position of the subject, the personal (motivational) component, the ability to work by instruction, as well as independently search of ways to solve practical and cognitive tasks, control over the way they perform their actions and assess them, cognitive actions.
Propaedeutic Acquaintance of Fourth-Grade Pupils with Physics
Authors: Картунов В. , Kartunov V.
Published: June 2018

The article discusses the problem of the discrepancy between the logic of constructing the content of the subjects of the natural science cycle for the most sensitive periods of development of modern children of primary school age, which hinders the physically substantiated understanding of the phenomena of the surrounding world by students, the formation of scientific thinking and cognitive experience, and does not meet their cognitive interests. Resolution of this problem the author sees in the use of elective courses on which there is an earlier acquaintance of younger schoolchildren with the physical principles and which is a basis for all natural phenomena and actions of technical systems. The technique developed by the author for conducting a propaedeutic elective “On the way to physics” for pupils of the fourth grade, suggesting the possibility of sensory perception by children of the actions of physical laws, active participation in experiments, mini-studies is described. An analysis of the results of the elective has shown that this methodological approach allows to ensure continuity in the teaching of the physics course between the primary and secondary levels of schooling, to increase the general level of training of the primary school graduate.
Organization of Independent Research Activity of Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Колесникова А. , Kolesnikova A. , Бебриш И. , Bebrish I.
Published: June 2018

In the article the approach to research activity as the form of the organization of training in an elementary school is considered. The research works of primary school pupils are not of interest from the point of view of their importance to science or the economy, they contribute to the intellectual development of children - developing their skills in conducting experiments, experimenting, making hypotheses, analyzing the obtained results, drawing conclusions, increasing motivation for learning information about the world, expand the horizon. Based on the experience the research of the pupil of the third grade of school № 19 from Chernogorsk A.Kolesnikova, the features of pedagogical support and professional guidance of her activities, providing practical support and assistance at all stages of the research arerevealed.
Organization of Internal Control System and Risk Management of Accounts Receivable in Gas Supply Organizations
Authors: Ефимова О. , Efimova O. , Каширская Л. , Kashirskaya L. , Ситнов Алексей , Sitnov Alyeksyey
Published: June 2018

Th e authors off ered their point of view and ways to develop the methodology and tools for creating a system of internal control and risk management of receivables in these companies. As a result of the study, the authors identifi ed their proposals for the practical implementation of this problem.
Strategy for complex negotiations
Authors: Эмих Олег , Emih Oleg , Рыбкин Алексей , Rybkin Aleksey
Published: June 2018

The book is devoted to the actual topic of negotiations in difficult conditions. The more difficult the situation in the economy-the less accommodating are our partners and customers. A discussion of the details of business cooperation more and more like combat. And the best conditions are achieved by the one who has the skills of communication in difficult, and sometimes uncompromising behavior of the opponent.
In modern business realities, the authors propose to consider any negotiations as "tough". But the degree of" rigidity " discussion is different and usually depends on how the parties are not prepared to discuss and are not able to manage the process of communication.
The book contains a large number of examples, mainly from the actual practice of the authors. Considerable attention is paid to the rigid style of interaction and techniques of manipulation in the course of business communication. The most popular mistakes made by negotiators are considered in detail.
The book is intended for managers and specialists by the nature of their work involved in the negotiations, for students of the MBA program, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in the topic of business communications.