bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-2,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-κ2
N:N′)-bis(2,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-κ1
N)-bis(thiocyanato-κ1
N)cobalt(II)], C38H24CoN14S5
Authors: Sun Xiao-Juan
Published: September 2018

C38H24CoN14S5, triclinic, P1̄, a = 10.6306(6) Å, b = 13.1604(5) Å, c = 15.1858(7) Å, α = 81.039(4) Å, β = 82.393(4) Å, γ = 66.803(4) Å, V = 1923.04(17) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0420, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0882, T = 291.6(7) K.
Crystal structure of tert-butyl (R)-(1-(benzylamino)-3-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate, C16H24N2O4
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhu Zhi-Ling , Zuo Li-Min , Zhao Ting , Zhu Ming-Hui , Shan Guang-Zhi
Published: September 2018

C16H24N2O4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 10.7872(2) Å, b = 5.02626(11) Å, c = 15.5479(3) Å, β = 94.2278(17)°, V = 840.70(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0337, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0871, T = 293(2) K.
Power-organizing and Ethic-thinking as two paralleled praxes in the historical existence of mankind: A semiotic analysis of their functional segregation
Authors: Li Youzheng
Published: September 2018

This article is dealt with at a historical-strategic level. Historical processes can be functionally divided into two sections: the social-material-directed Power-organizing part and the cultural-spiritual Ethic-thinking part. Thus there exist two corresponding dynamic-operative functions in history, which are guided and impelled by different motivations, methods, and destinations involved in the two functions. The Ethic-practicing praxis has been always performed through the empirical-humanist-rational ways, which today can be more effectively embodied in human sciences to be reorganized by the general-semiotic (GS) strategy. So there are two kinds of human historical courses: the one as the materialist-directed power-organizing part and the other as spiritual-theoretical-directed ethic-reflecting part. From a historical-philosophical point of view, the former is to prepare the material-conditions/means for supporting the latter as the ethic-spiritual mission that is directed towards exploring the meaning/value foundation for human existence. Lacking in the internal link between the two historical-pragmatic functions the ethic-spiritual praxes should manage to find a separate strategy for actively continuing its independent ethic task by dint of wisely/bravely shunning the materialist-determinism issued from the technical/commercialized globalization era.
Beobachtungs- und Evaluationsaufträge an den Gesetzgeber in der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts
Authors: Kießling Andrea
Published: September 2018

In der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts (BVerfG) spielt die Beobachtungspflicht insbesondere im Risikoverwaltungsrecht und bei dem Wechsel eines Regelungs- bzw. Schutzkonzepts eine Rolle. Sie fungiert in den meisten Fällen als Kompensation für die Einräumung des gesetzgeberischen Gestaltungs- und Prognosespielraums. Ihre verfassungsrechtliche Grundlage hat sie nicht nur in den Abwehrrechten (Übermaßverbot) und grundrechtlichen Schutzpflichten (Untermaßverbot), sondern auch in verfassungsrechtlichen Leistungsansprüchen (Existenzminimum).
Gesetze als komplexe Intervention und mögliche Folgen für Gesetzesevaluationen am Beispiel des Bundeskinderschutzgesetzes
Authors: Seckinger Mike
Published: September 2018

In diesem Beitrag wird diskutiert, ob ein Verständnis von Gesetzen als komplexe Interventionen bei der Planung und Durchführung von Gesetzesevaluationen hilfreich ist. Hierzu werden Erfahrungen bei der Generierung wissenschaftlicher Grundlagen für die Evaluation des Bundeskinderschutzgesetzes (BKiSchG) reflektiert und ein Prozessmodell für die Strukturierung des Prozesses der Datengewinnung vorgeschlagen. Handelt es sich bei dem in seinen Folgen zu untersuchenden Gesetz um eine komplexe Intervention, dann hat dies Konsequenzen für das Forschungsdesign und erhöht den Aufwand bei der Dateninterpretation. Ein Verständnis als komplexe Evaluation hilft aber auch, vereinfachende und unangemessene Wirkungsaussagen zu vermeiden und trägt dazu bei, den Nutzen der Evaluation jenseits solcher unangemessenen Wirkungsaussagen sichtbar werden zu lassen. Im Kontext der Evaluation von Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und im Bereich vonpublic healthliegen Erfahrungen mit komplexen Evaluationsstrategien vor, die sich auch auf Gesetzesevaluationen übertragen lassen. Deshalb plädiert der Autor dafür, die bisher eher getrennt verlaufenden Diskussionslinien zu Gesetzesevaluationen und zur Evaluation komplexer Interventionen stärker miteinander zu verknüpfen.
Superpave Design Aggregate Structure Considering Uncertainty: I. Selection of Trial Blends
Authors: Easa Said M.
Published: September 2018

The existing method of selecting Superpave trial aggregate blends is deterministic and is based on trial-and-error. The primary purpose of this article is to develop a stochastic optimization model that includes the uncertainties of individual aggregate gradations, primary aggregate (PA) properties, and related specifications. The model can directly determine three different trial blends: (1) a blend close to the minimum specification limits, (2) a blend not close to the specification limits or to the restricted zone (RZ), and (3) a blend close to the maximum specification limits and to the RZ. The constraints of the model include gradation-control specifications, RZ limits, PA properties, and special and unity constraints. The PA properties include coarse aggregate fractured faces, fine aggregate angularity, sand equivalent, and flat and elongated particles. The uncertainty is formulated to ensure that the trial blends satisfy model constraints for a specified confidence level. A binary variable is used to allow the designer to produce a blend that passes below, above, or through the RZ. Application of the model is illustrated using a numerical example. The proposed model, which improves the reliability of trial blends and the efficiency of their selection, should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.
Study of the Extraction and Quantitative Characterization of the Microstructural Features of Aggregates
Authors: Zhao Pinhui , Gao Dongxing , Han Kechao , Kong Lingyun , Luo Yi , Zhang Zeyu , Bi Fei , Yang Ziqiao
Published: September 2018

Aggregates are one of the important parts of an asphalt mixture. Their structural features have a significant effect on the adhesion of asphalt aggregates and influence the service life of the asphalt mixture. By using cold-field-emission scanning electron microscope technology, this study investigates the fine characterizations of the microstructures of different aggregates. This study illustrates a method to obtain high-resolution micrographs in large horizons by using the technology of continuously spliced high-resolution micrographs, which can be used to acquire graphs within the scope of hundreds of square microns with nanometer resolution. By employing Image-Pro Plus processing software (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD), the microstructural features of aggregates were recognized and indexes were proposed to acquire various data, such as area, perimeter, length, width, length-width ratio, and the shape factor. These data could reflect the microstructural features of aggregates. On this basis, a quantitative characterization based on the feature analysis of the shape factor was established for qualitative and quantitative analyses of aggregate microstructures and to fully obtain structural characteristic parameters of specimens under high resolutions in a large horizon. The collected data were further judged in terms of disparity and consistency by using principal component analysis. Moreover, the position vector function criterion acquired an experimental scheme with the minimal number of random observation groups that were able to represent the overall features of specimens. The study can recognize the complete microstructural features of the aggregate surfaces and further realize a quantitative analysis based on indexation by applying the optimized experimental method and software.
Model of Collaborative Learning to Improve Student’s Learning Ability in Nonformal Education Departement
Authors: Tristanti Tristanti , Suharta Raden Bagus
Published: September 2018

The implementation of collaborative learning model in Nonformal Education is based on the condition of learning in classroom that not optimal. It can be seen from the activities of students are passive. The purpose of this model is to improve student’s ability in course of Life Skills Education Nonformal Education Department. The improving of student’s learning ability can be indicate by; (a) the improving of student motivation in contend, (b) the reducing of fear and shame of students in ideas, (c) the improving of interaction in communication among students. This study used Lesson Study method that includes three cycles. Each cycle is consisting of planning, implementation and evaluation or plan-do-see. The implementation of this study is focusing in the first cycle on the planning. The second cycle is based on the result from the cycle one. The last cycle is result of the evaluation from the cycle two. Data are analyzed by qualitative model to explain comprehensive result. The result of this study shows that the students have done three positive activities in the classroom. Firstly, the students are active in convey the ideas. This situation can be seen from the activities of students that appreciate each other’s. Secondly, the students areestablished positive interaction among students. The students are not shame in communication each other and the students have high confidence in communication. Lastly, students in the group discussion can evaluation each other and make conclusion from the result of discussion. The success of learning of life skills education is supported on various things; a) the participation active of student that trigger other students to communicate, b) the provision of equal opportunities for every student to argue so that no individual differences, c) feedback from educators to the students so that the students gain meaningful experience.
Development of a parametric cable driven planar robot
Authors: Castrillón-Restrepo Juan Pablo , Jiménez Gómez Sebastián , Saldarriaga Ángel Federico
Published: September 2018

Los robots comandados mediante cables han sido muy estudiados en los últimos años, debido a las ventajas que presentan con respecto a otros robots paralelos. En este trabajo, se estudian todas las áreas del diseño robótico para un robot por cables planar cuyo objetivo principal es ser parametrizable, es decir, que el proceso de diseño y los modelos matemáticos utilizados en este trabajo se puedan escalar fácilmente permitiendo implementar la arquitectura trabajada para necesidades específicas. Finalmente, usando el diseño paramétrico, se desarrolló y construyó un prototipo con el fin de validar el proceso de diseño y evaluar precisión en su movimiento, así como identificar futuras mejoras y prever puntos críticos tanto en el diseño mecánico como en los sistemas de actuación no consideradas en el proceso de diseño.
The use of GS1 standards to improve the drugs traceability system in a 3PL Logistic Service Provider
Authors: Lopes-Martínez Igor , Paradela-Fournier Lianet , Rodríguez-Acosta Janett , Castillo-Feu Jenny Laura , Gómez-Acosta Martha I. , Cruz-Ruiz Alegna
Published: September 2018

La presente investigación ha sido realizada a partir del análisis del funcionamiento de un Operador Logístico (OL) 3PL de Medicamentos en Cuba. Esta entidad se encarga de gestionar la distribución de los medicamentos para garantizar su disponibilidad en los centros asistenciales y farmacias comunitarias en todo el país. El diagnóstico realizado al sistema de trazabilidad de la empresa arrojó como principales deficiencias la inexistencia de una identificación única para los productos en su tránsito por la cadena de suministro y la no utilización de estándares internacionales de codificación para ello, la falta de informatización de algunos datos fundamentales para trazar los productos e incongruencias en los datos registrados en el Software que utiliza la entidad. Las propuestas de solución se centran en un plan de trazabilidad que permite a la empresa concebir el sistema de trazabilidad desde una visión estratégica y en un procedimiento de codificación única de los productos para su distribución y comercialización bajo estándares internacionales GS1.
Simulation-optimization techniques for closed-loop supply chain design with multiple objectives
Authors: Guerrero William Javier , Sotelo-Cortés Laura Andrea , Romero-Motta Enrique
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el diseño óptimo para una cadena de suministro de tres eslabones de acuerdo a consideraciones económicas, ambientales y de gestión de riesgo. Se plantea un modelo de programación entera mixta que busca simultáneamente: Primero, minimizar el costo total del transporte y el costo asociado al uso de nodos intermedios; Segundo, minimizar las pérdidas de producto en el transporte como factor de riesgo; Tercero, minimizar el impacto ambiental por emisiones de CO2 en cada una de las conexiones y nodos. El modelo se resuelve utilizando un método exacto y métodos de optimización vía simulación que permiten obtener distintas soluciones de tal manera que el usuario podrá escoger de acuerdo a sus prioridades. Experimentos en instancias aleatorias demuestran la capacidad de los modelos y métodos propuestos.
Nutrient losses due to water erosion using simulated rainfall in southern Brazil
Authors: Portela Jeane Cruz , Cogo Neroli Pedro , Filho Jacques Carvalho Ribeiro , Sequinatto Letícia , Batista Rafael Oliveira , Souza Carolina Malala Martins , Gondim Joaquim Emanuel Fernandes
Published: September 2018

La erosión es la principal forma de degradación en el mundo, en consecuencia de la pérdida de suelo, agua y nutrientes, provocando daños directos e indirectos. El objetivo de este trabajo es cuantificar las pérdidas de N, P y K por erosión hídrica en condiciones de lluvia simulada mediante la aplicación de seis pruebas de erosión en cultivo continuo de especies de ciclo estacional, incluyendo cultivos aislados y cultivos intercalados. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el campo en la Estación Experimental de Agronomía en Eldorado do Sul (RS), Brasil, en un Argisol Rojo Distrófico típico. Para el análisis de la pérdida de nutrientes, se aplicaron seis ensayos de erosión con lluvia simulada a los tratamientos entre finales de octubre y mediados de diciembre, utilizando el simulador de lluvia con brazos giratorios de Swanson. Las pérdidas de N y P se vieron influenciadas por las condiciones de la superficie, con la eliminación parcial de los residuos del cultivo y la no movilización del suelo. La excepción fue K, debido a su alta solubilidad en el suelo con baja actividad coloidal, que se perdió fácilmente en la escorrentía superficial del agua del suelo, independientemente de la cobertura total de la superficie del suelo por los residuos de los cultivos.
Using a non-reducing sugar in the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by the chemical reduction method
Authors: Agudelo Wilson , Montoya Yuliet , Bustamante John
Published: September 2018

El uso de compuestos químicos más biocompatibles y renovables para la obtención de nanopartículas metálicas con propiedades y características deseadas, se convierte en una ruta alternativa para la reducción de riesgos ambientales y del grado de incompatibilidad de estas estructuras al interactuar con modelos biológicos para su posible aplicación en el área de la salud. El propósito de este trabajo se centró en el uso de sacarosa, como agente reductor de nanopartículas de oro y plata al emplear diferentes volúmenes de hidróxido de sodio. Las nanopartículas obtenidas fueron caracterizadas mediante espectrometría UV-visible, microscopía electrónica de transmisión TEM y espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier FTIR, la cual permitió determinar los plasmones de resonancia superficial, tamaños de partícula experimentales y teóricos, morfología y cambios estructurales en el agente reductor, así como la influencia del hidróxido de sodio en el proceso de síntesis. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la formación de nanopartículas de oro y plata mediante la previa formación de azúcares reductores. Así mismo, la oxidación del grupo funcional de la glucosa a sales de ácido carboxílico.
El procesamiento de la oración relativa en español: interferencias del factor «distancia» en el uso del pronombre reasuntivo
Authors: Lopes Câmara Aliana
Published: September 2018

Este estudio investiga el uso del reasuntivo en la relativa restrictiva y tiene el objetivo deverificar la influencia del factor «distancia» en la movilización de esa marca formal. Desde la perspectiva teórica emergentista, la distancia se refiere al mayor coste de la memoria de trabajo en la resolución de la «dependencia relleno-vacío», teniendo como parámetro para el cálculo la distancia entre el núcleo y el vacío léxico dentro de la relativa. Se investiga la hipótesis de que cuanto mayor la distancia entre el núcleo y el vacío, mayor el grado de dificultad de procesamiento de la relativa. Los datos, seleccionados del proyecto Preseea (Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español de España y de América), comprenden seis variedades del español y se analizan cuantitativa y cualitativamente. El análisis comprueba que la distancia motiva el uso del reasuntivo, que funciona como un «facilitador» en el proceso de comprensión, disminuyendo el coste para la memoria de trabajo.
Um canto simples, de amor e verdade: aspectos teológicos da música nativista gaúcha
Authors: Machado Renato Ferreira
Published: September 2018

Em nosso artigo analisamos algumas aproximações entre teologia e música nativista gaúcha, tendo como enfoque a produção teológica na América Latina à época do florescimento do Movimento Nativista. Inicialmente, contextualizamos essa cena musical no ciclo das canções de protesto latino-americanas, ocorrido entre a década de 60 e a década de 80 do Século XX, buscando, ao mesmo tempo, caracterizar o específico do cancioneiro nativista do Rio Grande do Sul. Prosseguimos com os aportes teológicos predominantes na América Latina no contexto estudado e concluímos com a análise de uma canção produzida neste cenário musical.
Teologia, pluralismo e alteridade ecumênica
Authors: Ribeiro Claudio De Oliveira
Published: September 2018

O texto apresenta os resultados de pesquisa sobre aspectos teológicos do pluralismo com destaque para o tema da alteridade, levando em conta o dado crítico de que as aberturas fundamentais para o “outro” precisam considerar efetivamente os diferenciais de poder que marcam as relações sociais e políticas.Metodologicamente, foram dados os seguintes passos: (i) análise da necessidade de identificação das dimensões de alteridade a partir da explicitação dos diferenciais de poder que marcam os processos de interculturalidade e as diferentes relações, inclusive inter-religiosas, (ii) explicitação da noçãobíblica de alteridade a partir das relações básicas da antropologia teológica que constituem o ser como humano, (iii) indicação da abertura ao diálogo e a prática interativa que a visão trinitária da fé cristã oferece, inclusive para práticas sociais democráticas e participativas e visões eclesiais marcadas pelacomunhão, e (iv) uma identificação do valor de uma mística de alteridade que reforce perspectivas utópicas e doadoras de sentido para os grupos sociais.
A caminho de uma Igreja pública: Desafios para uma Eclesiologia atual
Authors: Grümme Bernhard
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo propõe-se analisar as causas da crise atual da Igreja e oferece, ao final, algumas pistas para a ação e mudanças efetivas. Inicialmente, constata-se que dentre as múltiplas causas dessa crise estão também as próprias estruturas da Igreja, contestando a tese largamente difundida de que se trataria, na verdade, de uma crise de Deus, motivada pela secularização, e não da Igreja. Feita essa constatação, faz-se necessário, metodologicamente, perguntar que tipo de Eclesiologia faria frente a essa crise e de que recursos da Tradição se poderia dispor. A tese defendida é de que uma Eclesiologia orientada no sujeito é capaz de combinar questões estruturais e questões de Deus. Os recursos a que se recorre para fundamentar tal Eclesiologia são as doutrinas do sensus fidei e a da sacramentalidade da Igreja. Conclui-se explicitando as reformas necessárias que emergem dessa Eclesiologia. Essas não serão possíveis sem uma participação ativa de todos os membros da Igreja e são condição necessária para que a Igreja se torne uma Igreja pública.
Missão cristã e aquisição da fé – Notas sobre o método evangélico-realista de José de Acosta
Authors: Pich Roberto Hofmeister
Published: September 2018

Conquista de terras, processo de colonização, modelo de cristandade e missão cristã de propagação da fé são temas permanentemente conectados na história da América Latina no período colonial. Em particular, e com todas as suas contradições, esse foi um período chave de realização de missões e reflexão teológica sobre a tarefa missionária e evangelizadora da Igreja. Nesse contexto, a obra De procuranda indorum salute do jesuíta José de Acosta (1540-1600) ocupa um papel central. Após uma breve apresentação do autor e da sua obra e uma síntese das suas teses sobre a missão cristã e a propagação da fé no “Novo Mundo”, enfoco um aspecto diferente do pensamento de Acosta, a saber, a sua visão de princípios e métodos para que os indígenas “infiéis” adotem a nova fé. Com notável inteligência, Acosta esboça elementos de uma teoria da aquisição da fé religiosa ou de um conjunto de crenças e atitudes religiosas. Isso só é possível em se pressupondo algum entendimento do que é a religião em uma cultura alheia e por meio de passos estratégicos que indiquem que a nova fé efetivamente deu forma à mente dos envolvidos ou, em outras palavras, extirpou deles a idolatria.
Does Echinoderm research deserve an ethical consideration?
Authors: Rubilar Tamara , Crespi-Abril Augusto
Published: September 2018

Traditional ethics reflection centers the discussion in conflicts that affect humans. According to epistemology-based ethics, facts are needed to include other living beings as object of ethical consideration. In this sense, huge efforts have been made to demonstrate that animal suffering is real. However, the ethical reflection only reaches large vertebrates and some species of small ones, excluding invertebrates. However, a different approach (ethic-based epistemology) is equally valid and questions the assumptions of traditional ethics. This new insight does not demand facts to demonstrate that living beings should be considered ethically, since ethics should be first than epistemology (facts). Thus, all living beings should be treated with respect and a relationship based on empathy should be established. In this context, we discuss all the advances made in echinoderm research in the last 3000 years and the different uses humans made of these organisms. Finally we emphasize that, when studying echinoderms, a reflection about our behavior as researchers is necessary, and we encourage the use of ethically responsible research. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S11-S22. Epub 2017 November 01.
Los erizos Arbacia incisa y Eucidaris thouarsii (Echinodermata) como agentes de biocontrol del “fouling” en canastas de cultivo de Crassostrea gigas (Mollusca: Ostreidae)
Authors: Sonnenholzner Jorge , Alcivar Gema , Marquez Adrián , Lodeiros César
Published: September 2018

The sea urchins Arbacia incisa and Eucidaris thouarsii (Echinodermata) as fouling biocontrol agents in culture cages of Crassostrea gigas (Mollusca: Ostreidae).Fouling clogs cultivation cages of bivalves afecting their growth. We tested biocontrol with sea urchins in the suspended culture of C. gigas during one month. The experimental design included: 1) oysters without sea urchins, 2) oysters with the black sea urchin Arbacia incisa (50.5 ± 0.43 mm of diameter testa-DT), 3) oysters with the pencil sea urchin E. thouarsii (34. 2 ± 2.13 mm DT) and 4) oysters without sea urchins with a pearl net protective bag (to avoid predation). The dry mass of the pearl nets and the oyster soft tissues were determined at the beginning and end of the experiment. There was similar fouling in cages without urchins (55.3 ± 5.80 g) and with A. incisa (46.1 ± 2.84 g). These amounts were significantly higher than those found in cages with E. thouarsii (39.1 ± 1.9 g) and with protective sacs without urchins (35.6 ± 5.17 g). The growth of C. gigas with E. thouarsii was significantly higher (0.49 ± 0.089 g). We recommend E. thouarsii as a fouling biocontrol agent for C. gigas. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S35-S41. Epub 2017 November 01.
Procesos tafonómicos en una encrinita regional pensilvánica (Atokano), Sonora, México
Authors: Gómez-Espinosa Catalina , Buitrón-Sánchez Blanca Estela
Published: September 2018

Taphonomic processes in a Pennsylvanian regional encrinite (Atokano), Sonora, Mexico. Crinoids have an extensive fossil record and were a major component in Paleozoic marine communities; encrinites are common crinoid accumulations where specimens are totally disarticulated from the Ordovician to the Jurassic. In Sonora, Mexico, the crinoid skeleton was altered during diagenesis and replaced by silica. The corrasion was high; the incrustation low and there is evidence of dissolution and compaction. This is a sedimentological type accumulation in a high energy environment of allochthonous organism transported in a debris flow, deposited below the storm wave base in an outer ramp. Our results can be correlated with regional encrinites prevalent in the Pennsylvanian cyclothems of North America. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S147-S159. Epub 2017 November 01.
El equinodermo Gogia granulosa (Echinodermata: Blastozoa) del Cámbrico temprano-medio en Sonora, México: paleoecología y paleogeografía
Authors: Buitrón Sánchez Blanca E. , Cuen Romero Francisco J. , Montijo González Alejandra , Beresi Sylvia Matilde
Published: September 2018

The echinoderm Gogia granulosa (Echinodermata: Blastozoa) of early-mid Cambrian in Sonora, Mexico: paleoecology and paleogeography.Blastoids of Gogia granulosa Robison, 1965 and Gogia sp. have previously been reported from San Jose de Gracia, Sonora, Mexico. Here we report on the implications of their presence in limestone, shale, and sandstone from the lower-middle Cambrian of that site. The biotic association consists of blastoids, as well as trilobites (Onchocephalus, Bonnia, Bristolia, Olenellus), hyolithids (Hyolithes, Haplophrentis), sponges, algae and ichnofossils of echinoderms (Asteriacites, Asterosoma). The community suggests that the depositional environment was a carbonated platform of tropical, shallow sea, with well oxygenated water. The biota belonged to a large faunistic province that comprised parts of Canada, USA and Mexico (Panthalassic Ocean). Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S160-S167. Epub 2017 November 01.
Effects of artificial diets with different carotene content on the organoleptic characteristics of the gonads and reproductive condition of Loxechinus albus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)
Authors: Fraysse Cintia , Malanga Gabriela , Pérez Analía F.
Published: September 2018

The organoleptic characteristics of sea urchins gonads (size and color, among others) can be improved by artificial diets. Loxechinus albus is considered one of the most economically significant resources from the littoral-benthic systems in the South Pacific Ocean from Peru to Chile. The objective was to determine artificial diets effects on the organoleptic traits of gonads, reproductive condition, body growth and survival of Loxechinus albus. Two types of diets were administrated (low carotene content diet (LC): balanced food with 0.02% β-carotene and high carotene content diet (HC): balanced food with 0.045% β-carotene) for 16 weeks. As a measurement of growth rate, test diameter of sea urchins fed with artificial diets was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.  At both times, size (GI) and color (CI) of the gonads were recorded in ten individuals from each treatment and ten from the natural population (NP). Energy density (ED), energy content (EC) and total carotenes (TCC) were determined by calorimetry and spectrophotometry, respectively. Histological sections were examined microscopically and the sex was identified. Each female was assigned to a gametogenic stage (reproductive condition) and determined: number and diameter of the oocytes, gonadal area occupied by oocytes, and relative frequencies of reproductive stages. At the end of the experiment in relation to the NP, it was possible to achieve higher GI values for both artificial diets. The NP showed higher gonadal area occupied by oocytes and larger oocyte diameter at 16 weeks (P<0.01). In addition, individuals fed with both artificial diets, presented “growth” and “advanced growth” gonad stages (both times), while the NP individuals, presented stages of “prematurity”, “maturity” and “partial spawning” at week 16. The data shows the highest CI value for the HC diet at eight weeks (P<0.01). Moreover, TCC values for the NP were significantly higher at week 16 (P<0.01). Loxechinus albus is an appropriate species to be kept in captivity, as their mortality is very low, facilitating the achievement of long-term experiences of gonadal improvement. According to our data the optimal time to improve the organoleptic characteristics is eight weeks with a high carotene artificial diet, since optimal gonad coloration was reached, and GI values did not differ significantly from the ones achieved at the end of the experiment for both diets, or the ones shown in the NP. This is translated into a lower cost by a reduced cultivation time. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S207-S220. Epub 2017 November 01.
Morfometría de los equinodeos de la Familia Cassidulidae (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida)
Authors: Martínez-Melo Alejandra , De Luna Efraín , Buitrón-Sánchez Blanca Estela
Published: September 2018

Morphometrics of echinoids in the Family Cassidulidae (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida). Cassidulidae is the type family of the order Cassiduloida, and contains five genera whose morphology has complicated their taxonomic study: Australanthus, Cassidulus, Eurhodia, Paralampas, and Rhyncholampas. Many authors have applied traditional morphometric analysis (mainly length, width, and height) with varying success. We present the first approach with geometric morphometrics (three outlines: aboral, left, and posterior). Genera Eurhodia and Paralampas are more varied than the others. For future studies, we recommend larger samples, and the inclusion of size and qualitative characters such as the ambulacra and peristome. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S233-S243. Epub 2017 November 01.
Phataria unifascialis (Valvatida: Ophidiasteridae) from the Eastern Pacific: Redescription and skeletal morphology
Authors: Martín-Cao-Romero Carolina , Solís-Marín Francisco Alonso , Laguarda-Figueras Alfredo , Buitrón Sánchez Blanca Estela
Published: September 2018

The starfish Phataria unifascialis is widely distributed in the eastern cost of the Pacific Ocean, found on rocky bottoms, at depths between 0 and 50 m. The original description of P. unifascialis made by Gray in 1840 was brief and inaccurate in some important aspects, such as distribution area, plate arrangement and ambulacral spines. Here, we improve the description of P. unifascialis with SEM images and description of its mesodermal skeleton on the basis of a large sample. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S258-S271. Epub 2017 November 01.
Occurrence of the genus Pseudoboletia (Echinoidea: Toxopneustidae) in the South-Western Atlantic: morphological and molecular approaches
Authors: Lopes Elinia M. , Ferreira Carlos Eduardo L. , Ventura Carlos Renato R.
Published: September 2018

The genus Pseudoboletia was recently reported off coast of Brazil (Trindade-Martin Vaz insular complex). This study reports the first record of this genus to southern of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina coasts. Morphological and molecular data showed that sea urchins from Brazil and São Tomé are the same species, genetically distinct of individuals from Indo-Pacific. However, taxonomic identity of Brazilian species remains as a challenge. Two hypotheses to explain the recent records of this species on Brazilian coast are discussed: a recent natural invasion by long-distance dispersal and a recent population expansion in the Brazilian coast after absence or low density period. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S299-S308. Epub 2017 November 01.
Revisiting the limnology of Lake Río Cuarto, Costa Rica, thirty-five years later
Authors: Umaña-Villalobos Gerardo , Farah-Pérez Aldo
Published: September 2018

Lake Río Cuarto is a meromictic lake at low elevation in the North of Costa Rica. It offers an opportunity to compare its present state with the condition it had when first studied in the late 1970’s and occasional samplings since then. This comparison expects to identify changes that could be attributed to incipient effects of global climate change. We studied the limnology and conditions of its drainage area for three years (2013-2016) to compare with previous data. Vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, chlorophyll a, dissolved H2S were performed several times per year, for a total of 22 samplings. Aerial photographs taken since 1950 were analyzed to describe land use changes. The lake had a shallow Secchi depth (< 5 m) at all times. It was stratified on all occasions, with a thermocline that fluctuated between 10 and 20 m. It has a monimolimnion, with a chemocline at 14 to 22 m. Below the chemocline it was always anoxic, and during annual partial mixing events in the mixolimnion, oxygen levels decreased compared to stratified periods. There was a continuous presence of H2S from 20 m downwards, with annual fluctuations, being lower during partial mixing events. A peak in chlorophyll was detected on all occasions just below the thermocline. Land use around the lake hasn’t changed much since 1952, when only a rim of tree cover was left around the steep margins of the lake. The lake has maintained its limnological characteristics, with the only exception that it didn’t cooled down to historical levels. This limited response could be the result of the high relative depth and steep margins of the lake, which prevent the downward distribution of heat and keeps the lake in a meromictic state, preventing its mixing for long periods of time.
Zooplankton variation in Fraijanes Lake (Costa Rica) during the course of one year
Authors: Umaña-Villalobos Gerardo , Avilés-Vargas Lidia , Esquivel-Garrote Octavio
Published: September 2018

Zooplankton in small tropical lakes has been little studied and its variation during the year may respond to different factors. In this study, the zooplankton of a small neotropical lake was studied at different times during one year and compared with changes in the lake conditions and in phytoplankton composition. The lake stratifies from March until September, and mixes during the hemispherical winter, from October until February. Besides the lake show a seasonal fluctuation in water level according to the seasonality of rains. Zooplankton was composed of at least 13 species, four Cladocerans, three Copepods, four Rotifers and other groups such as an Ostracod and the larvae of Chaoborus. The most abundant were Thermocyclops sp., Daphnia sp. and Keratella tropica. Their abundance fluctuated along the year, probably in response to changes in lake level and changes in hydrological conditions, increasing during dry season when the main outlet of the lake dried up. Changes in phytoplankton composition do not seem to be as relevant for zooplankton variation in this small lake.
Water parameters and primary productivity at four marine embayments of Costa Rica (2000-2002)
Authors: Vargas-Zamora José A. , Acuña-González Jenaro , Sibaja-Cordero Jeffrey A. , Gómez-Ramírez Eddy H. , Agüero-Alfaro Grettel , García-Céspedes Jairo
Published: September 2018

Abstract: The availability of baseline data on water parameters and primary productivity is essential in comparative studies aimed at identifying environmental trends, like eutrophication, in coastal embayments. In this context, the objetive of this work is to make accessible data, collected from 2000 to 2002, on 13 water parameters (Secchi depth, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, suspended matter, chlorophyll-a, phaeopigments, phosphate, silicate, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate) their temporal and spatial distribution, and primary productivity at four coastal sites of Costa Rica. The multi-parameter survey was conducted based on surface (1 m deep) water samples collected at a total of 128 stations at three Pacific and one Caribbean embayments: a bay under the influence of upwelling (Culebra Bay), a tidal estuary (Gulf of Nicoya), a semi-enclosed small coastal bay bordered by mangroves (Golfito Bay), and a Caribbean bay and port (Moin Bay). Graphic distributions of stations from the four embayments and for the Gulf of Nicoya were obtained by Principal Component Analysis (PCA).PCA Gabriel biplots were used to illustrate the relative importance of each parameter on the separation of stations. The four embayments were separated by PCA based on the 13 parameters. The maximum values recorded were: Secchi depth: 12.6 m; salinity: 35 psu; temperature: 32.5 oC; oxygen: 11.4 mg/L; oxygen saturation: 188 %; suspended matter: 156.04 mg/L; chlorophyll-a: 16.21 mg/m3; phaeopigments: 6.37 mg/m3; phosphate: 9.53 µmol/L; silicate: 156.11 µmol/L; ammonium: 2.66 µmol/L; nitrite: 2.47 µmol/L; and nitrate: 4.59 µmol/L. Salinity and several nutrients varied seasonally (dry vs rainy) in the Gulf of Nicoya estuary. Estimates of net primary productivity (Winkler oxygen method) produced a maximum 2 206 g C/m2/year at Culebra Bay. The maximum net PP (g C/m2/year) at the other three embayments, were: 1 601 (Gulf of Nicoya), 1 371 (Golfito Bay), and 1 100 (Moín Bay). Net PP values showed high variability in space and time, and ranged from negative to those associated with oligotrophic, eutrophic, and hypertrophic waters. In the Gulf of Nicoya 60 % of the values of net PP exceeded the reference value (500 g C/m2/year) to separate eutrophic from hypertrophic conditions. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(Suppl. 1): S211-S230. Epub 2018 April 01.
Metals in bivalve mollusks from the Jaco Scar seep, Pacific, Costa Rica
Authors: Vargas José A. , Hilton David R. , Ramírez Carlos , Molina Johan
Published: September 2018

Abstract: Deep sea-research has made significant discoveries thanks to the availability of high resolution bathymetric mapping and vehicles able to reach hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The Pacific continental margin of Costa Rica includes cold seeps that are inhabited by vesicomyid clams, which are expected to accumulate metals. Data on metals from cold seep clams are scarce. Thus, the objective of this study is to present the concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Sb and Zn in samples from seven clams, a mussel, sediment, and a rock, together with clam morphometric data. The bivalves (Archivesica sp.?) were collected in 2005 at a depth of 1 888 m on the Jaco Scar (09o06’ N - 84o50’ W) during DSRV Alvin dive 4 129. Metals were analyzed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) and Graphite Furnace (GFAAS). Concentrations are in µg/g dry weight. The order of decreasing maximm concentrations and range in tissues of seven clams, were: Zn (43.4 - 266.3) > Fe (27.2 - 100.0) > Al (5.0 - 69.9) > Cd (0.1 - 12.2) > Sn (2.8 - 9.5) > Cu (4.0 - 7.3) > Mn (1.1 - 2.2) > Pb (0.2 - 0.8) > Ni (0.19 - 0.58 ). The gills had the maximum concentrations of Fe and Al. Maximum concentrations in the only mussel specimen collected, were: Zn (80.4 - gills), Fe (70.6 - gills), Cu (31.0 - gills), Al (26.6 - gills), Sn (4.8 - mantle), Mn (1.7 - mantle), Ni (0.97 - muscle), Pb (0.7 - muscle), Cd (0.57 - gills). The sediment sample had: Al (40 800), Fe (26 500), Mn (72.0), Zn (64.7), Cu (29.4), Ni (19.3), Sn (15.5), Pb (2.98), Cd (0.16). A rock fragment had: Fe (15 650), Al (9 240), Mn (170), Sn (99.5), Zn (36.5), Ni (20.4), Cu (13.4), Pb (1.6), Cd (traces). Clam gills concentrated metals such as Fe and Al. Fe was below the range reported for hydrothermal vent clams, while concentrations of other metals were near the lower range. Fe, Cd, Mn, and Pb in mussel tissues were lower than those in mussels from hydrothermal vent sites, while Cu and Zn were within the range. Metals in the sediment and rock samples appeared very rich in certain metals like Al and Fe and very poor in others, such as Cd. There is a paucity of information on metals and pollutants in clams and other macrofaunal species from Costa Rican cold seeps. Data presented herein must be complemented with future studies conducted jointly on the geochemistry, biology, and management of these deep-sea systems. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(Suppl. 1): S269-S279. Epub 2018 April 01.
New records of benthic marine macroalgae from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Vega-Álvarez Greivin , Azofeifa-Solano Juan Carlos , Fernández-García Cindy , Soto-Molinari Rebeca , Rojas-Angulo Maricruz , Amador-Fernández Xaviera , Vargas-Gamboa Alejandra
Published: September 2018

Abstract: Marine macroalgae are highly diverse and play an important role in marine ecosystems, influencing ecological processes. Recording the algae diversity with precise taxonomic identification is required to understand the marine ecosystems. The biodiversity of macroalgae along the southern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica has been studied by several authors, and the updated checklist includes 396 species of benthic marine algae reported for both Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Costa Rica, from which 287 are recorded from the Caribbean. Eighty percent of the total specimens from the Caribbean coast deposited in botanical collections in Costa Rica were collected at Cahuita National Park, an area where most of the studies have been carried out. This study reports on the addition of five new species and one genus of marine benthic macroalgae to the Caribbean Costa Rican flora, found at the poorly studied reefs of Playa Chiquita (Punta Cocles) and Punta Uva. Sampling was directed, searching for benthic macroalgae at Chiquita beach (SCUBA diving and snorkel) and Punta Uva (snorkel only), during October 2014. Specimens were deposited in the Dr. Luis A. Fournier Origgi Herbarium of the University of Costa Rica (USJ). Most of the new records were Chlorophyta, followed by Rhodophyta and Ochrophyta-Phaeophyceae. We recorded four new genera for the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica: Microdictyon Decaisne, 1841, Rhipidosiphon Montagne, 1842, Predaea G. De Toni, 1936, and Augophyllum S.-M. Lin, S. Fredericq & M. H. Hommersand, 2003. In conclusion, is necessary to continue the detailed taxonomic works in the Caribbean coast, focusing on areas poorly studied, in order to improve our knowledge of the marine flora of Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(Suppl. 1): S328-S339. Epub 2018 April 01.
CALL for Bridges between School and Academia by Anna Turula and Maria Chojnacka (eds.)
Authors: Jo Hie-Myung
Published: September 2018

CALL for Bridges between School and AcademiaEdited by Anna Turula and Maria ChojnackaBern: Peter LangUS $52.95ISBN 9783631663356 (Hardback)189 pages2015
Value Orientations and Off-Topic Interactions: Contradictions in American–Japanese Intercultural Telecollaboration
Authors: Nishio Tomoe , Nakatsugawa Masanobu
Published: September 2018

Drawing from activity theory and its notion of contradictions of various levels, the present study analyzes tensions that emerged during a six-week telecollaborative project between American learners of Japanese (AMU students) and Japanese learners of English (JPU students) regarding expectations and manners of interaction. Transpacific groups of students participated in online discussions of pre-assigned topics and a series of supplemental, reflective tasks such as in-class discussions, weekly journals, and individual interviews. Using a three-stage grounded theory data coding strategy, major contradictions were identified and analyzed. This case study presents negotiation of an emergent contradiction concerning learner expectations and manners of interaction between two transpacific groups. The object of the two JPU participants was oriented more toward exchange value and they faced a contradiction when the transpacific conversation went off-topic, while their AMU partners enjoyed it. Findings also show how the negotiation of a contradiction in an activity system undergoes expansive transformation involving a neighboring activity system.
Developing Oral Proficiency in Spanish across Class Modalities
Authors: Moneypenny Dianne Burke , Aldrich Rosalie S.
Published: September 2018

There is a growing demand for online course options, including classes offered and required in foreign languages. However, offering courses in multiple formats presents the challenges of developing high quality online courses and assessing the overall program effectiveness as students may elect to take the sequenced language acquisition courses in different formats. Thus, students complete the courses through various combinations of modes (i.e., all online, all face-to-face, some online/some F2F, transferring from another university or after successfully completing a placement exam). The purpose of this study was to examine a second language program offering both seated and online Spanish language acquisition classes at a small regional campus in the Midwest. Oral proficiency was tested using the Pearson Versant Test for Spanish and students’ (n=108) scores were then compared to the ACTFL established benchmarks after one and two years of language study. In this study 42% met or exceeded the first year overall oral proficiency benchmark of Intermediate-Low and 27.5% met or exceeded the second year overall benchmark of Intermediate-Mid. These results suggest online Spanish course options can be an effective mode for students to meet oral proficiency benchmarks when programs require asynchronous and synchronous oral production, and provide speaking practice opportunities. However, additional research in this area is needed to better understand why some students are not meeting the benchmark.
ARIS: A Tool to Promote Language Learning Through AR Gaming
Authors: Perry Bernadette
Published: September 2018

Producer Details:ARIS/Field Day1025 West Johnson Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706https://fielddaylab.wisc.eduTwitter: @fielddaylab
The Negotiation of Multilingual Heritage Identity in a Distance Environment: HLA and the Plurilingual Turn
Authors: Van Deusen-Scholl Nelleke
Published: September 2018

This article expands upon a plenary presentation I delivered at the 2017 Arizona CALL Conference at Arizona State University. I will discuss some current perspectives in second language acquisition (SLA) which have implications for heritage language acquisition (HLA) and provide some examples from longitudinal data collected among heritage learners who participated in a collaborative program to share less commonly taught languages via videoconferencing among Yale, Columbia, and Cornell. Our findings indicate that many of the heritage language learners (HLLs) had complex multilingual backgrounds which affected both their sense of identity and their motivations for learning the heritage language. I will argue that a more dynamic model of HLA may provide a better understanding of how HLLs negotiate and construct their identities in a plurilingual world.
Dear CALL Conferences …
Authors: Oskoz Ana , Smith Bryan
Published: September 2018

The CALICO Journal editors attend a lot of conferences. At the XIXth International Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Research Conferencein Bruges, Belgium this year we reflected on what makes a “good” conference, whether CALL as a subdiscipline needs its own conferences, and why we should attend such conferences. Below are some thoughts (few of them our own) that emerged from our conversations with scholars who have had significant experience in both attending and organizing such conferences. Our focus here is on CALL and CALL-relevant conferences, but we think much of what we write is applicable to academic conferences in applied linguistics more widely.