bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH OBJEK WISATA DANAU KELIMUTU DAN TENUN IKAT TERHADAP KONDISI EKONOMI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Muda Maria Agustina , Suwito Suwito
Published: August 2019

Danau Kelimutu adalah danau kawah yang terletak di puncak gunung kelimutu tepatnya terletak di Desa Pemo Kabupaten Ende Flores NTT, Indonesia. Salah satu kelebihan dari objek wisata Danau Kelimutu adalah danau kawah dengan memiliki 3 macam warna yaitu merah, biru, dan putih. Objek wisata Danau Kelimutu ini memiliki daya tarik tersendiri yang mampu menarik wisatawan untuk berkunjung yaitu didukung oleh potensi  yang lain  salah satunya adalah Tenun Ikat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Mengetahui pengaruh objek wisata Danau Kelimutu dan Tenun Ikat terhadap kondisi ekonomi masyarakat Desa Pemo Kabupaten Ende. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan variabel bebas yaitu Pengaruh Objek Wisata Danau Kelimutu (X1) dan Tenun Ikat (X2), dan variabel terikatnya adalah Kondisi Ekonomi Masyarakat. Rancangan penelitian ini merupakan analisis regresi linear berganda, untuk mengetahui pengaruh Objek Wisata Danau Kelimutu dan Tenun Ikat terhadap kondisi ekonomi masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis SPSS 16.0 For Windows terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara keberadaan objek wisata Danau Kelimutu (X1) dan Tenun Ikat (X2) terhadap kondisi ekonomi masyarakat (Y). Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang diperoleh menunjukan koefisien regresi yang diperoleh yaitu Y= 13.360 + -0.021X1 + 0.266X2 dengan nilai sebesar 12,5%, dan sisanya (87,5%) dijelaskan atau diberikan oleh variabel-variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa keberadaan objek wisata Danau Kelimutu tidak berpengaruh terhadap kondisi ekonomi masyarakat dan Tenun Ikat berpengaruh terhadap kondisi ekonomi masyarakat. Saran dalam penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi bahan masukan  untuk  seluruh masyarakat agar lebih memanfaatkan potensi dan keahliannya terlebih dahulu khusus pada  sektor pariwisata.
Estimasi Penentuan Tingkatan dan Pola Lorong Gua Banyu dan Sekitarnya dengan Menggunakan GIS
Authors: Suprianto Agung , Labib Mochammad Ainul
Published: August 2019

Karst merupakan bentang lahan lahan hasil proses pelarutan yang telah mengalami karstifikasi. Salah satu bentukannya adalah endokarst, berupa gua. Lorong gua merupakan hasil dari berbagai proses masa lampau, yang menyimpan berbagai fitur yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkatan lorong Gua Banyu di Kecamatan Donomulyo, Kabupaten Malang dengan menggunakan Geography Information System (GIS). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis bantuan software GIS. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa mulut Gua Banyu dan sekitarnya memiliki kenampakan yang mengelompok, dan pola yang berkembang di wilayah kajian berupa curvilinear passage yang didominasi sungai bawah tanah dan bidang perlapisan. Hasil dari tingkatan lorong gua dengan menggunakan ArcGis diketahui dengan adanya empat tingkatan lorong gua yang menunjukkan arah lorong gua ke selatan.
Spatial epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and rodent hantavirus infection in Guangzhou city, China: lessons learned from a study with long-term surveillance data
Authors: Chen Dehao , Chen Shouyi , Liang Song , Xu Jianmin , Yang Zhicong , Wei Yuehong
Published: August 2019

Background: Though Guangzhou city is not a region with a high burden of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) comparing with other areas in China, outbreaks still occur in the city due to the existence of urban rodents and a large urban population at risk. In this study, descriptive temporal analysis and geographic information system (GIS)-based spatial analysis were performed on reported HFRS cases and rodent surveys with the goals of identifying risk areas for public health interventions and presenting the methods and outcomes of the surveillance that can be studied by similar urban settings.
Methods: Period prevalence and the number of positive cases at different geographical scales of the city during 2008-2016 were calculated and summarized based on HFRS and rodent-borne disease surveillance data. Spatial point pattern analyses were conducted to describe global and local clustering effects of different measurements of human HFRS and rodent hantavirus at old-town and whole-city levels.
Results: Geographical distributions of HFRS cases and traps with hantavirus antibody-carrying rodents from 2008 to 2016 were mapped at the city and old-district levels in the aspect of the crude number of positive cases and period prevalence. The weighted K-function suggested that no global clustering effect existed for both the rodent and human cases in different scales of the city. Using Gi*(d) statistic, 22 significant local clusters of high infection (P<0.05) with different radius were discovered for the human and rodent surveillance data, and a zoonotic link was built based on the overlay of clusters of the two species. Also, the seasonal occurrence of HFRS presented a summer peak in the city.
Conclusion: The applications of descriptive temporal analysis, GIS and spatial point pattern analysis, offer ways to quantify zoonotic hantavirus risks across different times and spatial scales and to further recognize putative environmental determinants potentially influential in increased disease risks. The study also fills information gaps about hantavirus surveillance in the non-endemic region, and the methods used for rodent survey in China for controlling HFRS, which is not well documented.
Polymorphisms rs693421 and rs2499601 at locus 1q43 and their haplotypes are not associated with primary open-angle glaucoma: a case-control study
Authors: Kondkar Altaf A , Azad Taif A. , Sultan Tahira , Al-Mobarak Faisal A. , Kalantan Hatem , Al-Obeidan Saleh A.
Published: August 2019

Objective: The genetic spectrum of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in middle-eastern Saudi's is still elusive. To this end, we investigated an association between rs693421, rs2499601 and their haplotypes at chromosome 1q43 locus with POAG and its clinical phenotypes. Genotyping was performed with TaqMan® assays. Haplotypes and their interaction analysis were carried out by SHEsis and SNPStats online tools.
Results: The minor “T” allele frequency of rs693421 was 0.48 in controls and 0.52 in cases (odds ratio (OR)=1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.85–1.54, p=0.368). Similarly, for rs2499601, the minor “C” allele frequency was 0.49 in controls as compared to 0.53 in cases (OR=1.19, 95% CI=0.89–1.60, p=0.236). Besides, genotype distribution for both these polymorphisms was also not significant in additive, dominant and recessive models. rs693421 and rs2499601, showed significant linkage disequilibrium (D’ statistics = 0.69, p<0.001) but haplotype association was non-significant (p=0.698). The significance did not vary after adjustment to age and sex. No significant genotype association was observed with intraocular pressure, cup/disc ratio and number of anti-glaucoma medication in POAG group. Furthermore, age, sex and genotypes did not contribute any significant risk of POAG in regression analysis. We report no association between rs693421, rs2499601 and their haplotypes with POAG and related phenotypes.
A Complex Teamwork Intervention in a Surgical Ward in Norway
Authors: Aaberg Oddveig Reiersdal , Hall-Lord Marie Louise , Husebø Sissel Iren Eikeland , Ballangrud Randi
Published: August 2019

Objectives: Interprofessional team training has a positive impact on team behavior and patient safety culture. The objective of the study was to explore the impact of an interprofessional teamwork intervention in a surgical ward on structure, process and outcome. In this paper, the implementation of the teamwork intervention is reported to expand the understanding of the future evaluation results of this study.
Results: The evidence-based Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) program in the ward was implemented in three phases according to the program’s implementation plan, which are built on Kotter’s organizational change model. In the first phase, a project group with the leaders and researchers was established and information about the project was given to all health care personnel in the ward. The second phase comprised six hours interprofessional team training for all frontline health care personnel followed by 12 months implementation of TeamSTEPPS tools and strategies. In the third phase, the implementation of the tools and strategies continued, and refresher training was conducted.

Trial registration: Trial registration number (TRN) is ISRCTN13997367. The study was registered retrospectively with registration date May 30, 2017.

Keywords: Implementation, Inter-professional, Intervention, Patient safety, Surgical ward, Team training, TeamSTEPPS
A meta-analysis of comparison of proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction and total gastrectomy for proximal early gastric cancer
Authors: Li Shengnan , Gu Lihu , Shen Zefeng , Mao Danyi , Khadaroo Parikshit Asutosh , Su Hui
Published: August 2019

Background

In theory, proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (PG-DT) was superior to total gastrectomy (TG) in hematologic and nutritional outcomes. However, its clinical effects in proximal early gastric cancer (EGC) have been controversial.

Methods

The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (LPG-DT) for proximal EGC. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched for articles published before December of 2018 in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Medline, and Cochrane Library.

Results

The results showed no significant difference in the anastomotic stenosis (OR=0.91, 95%CI=0.33-2.50, p=0.85) and reflux esophagitis (OR=1.87, 95%CI=0.62-5.65, p=0.27) between LPG-DT and laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG). The vitamin B12 supplementation rate in the LPG-DT group was lower than the LTG group (OR=0.06, 95%Cl=0.01-0.59, p=0.02).

Conclusions

Due to comparable clinical effect, PG-DT is comparable to TG for patients with proximal EGC. In addition, LPG-DT not only appears superior to TG in terms of preventing vitamin B12 deficiency, but also does not increase the risk of anastomotic stricture and reflux esophagitis.
Comparative functional genomics analysis of cytochrome P450 gene superfamily in wheat and maize
Authors: wei kaifa , Li YiXuan
Published: August 2019

The cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) as the largest enzyme family of plant metabolism participate in various physiological processes, whereas no study has demonstrated interest in comprehensive comparison of the genes in wheat and maize. Genome-wide survey, characterization and comparison of wheat and maize CYP450 gene superfamily are useful for genetic manipulation of the Gramineae crops.

Results

In total, 1285 and 263 full-length CYP450s were identified in wheat and maize, respectively. According to standard nomenclature, wheat CYP450s (TaCYP450s) were categorized into 45 families, while maize CYP450s (ZmCYP450s) into 43 families. Of maize CYP450s, there are 108 duplicated gene pairs and 134 genes had their syntenic counterparts in rice genome, and a total of 140 duplication events were predicted in wheat CYP450s. Functional divergence analysis at the amino acid level of representative clans CYP51, CYP74 and CYP97 in wheat, maize and rice identified some critical amino acid sites that are responsible for functional divergence of a gene family. Expression profiles of Ta-, ZmCYP450s were investigated using RNA-seq data, and we found the majority of them showed tissue-specific expression patterns such as TaCYP51H39_5B in root; TaCYP74A98_4A in leaf at cotyledon emergence stage (LCE); TaCYP71C162_5A in fruit at whole plant fruit ripening stage (FR); ZmCYP707A5 in root; ZmCYP76B18 in tassel; ZmCYP78A130 in embryo. Under water-deficit condition, 82 and 39 significantly differentially expressed CYP450s were respectively detected in wheat and maize like TaCYP71Y18_1D, TaCYP707A5_6A, TaCYP71R11_1A, TaCYP97B4_6D, ZmCYP81N4, ZmCYP81A1 and ZmCYP71C62, of which TaCYP71Y18_1D and ZmCYP81N4 were the genes most highly induced by drought treatment. Fourteen CYP450s were selected to validate their expression level through qRT-PCR. In total, 477 TaCYP450s were distributed in 22 co-expression modules, and some co-expressed genes that likely take part in the same biochemical pathway were identified. For instance, the expression of TaCYP74A98_4D was highly correlated with TaLOX9, TaLOX36, TaLOX39, TaLOX44 and TaOPR8, and all of them may be involved in jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis. TaCYP73A201_3A showed coexpression with TaPAL1.25, TaCCoAOMT1.2, TaCOMT.1, TaCCR1.6 and TaLAC5, which probably act in the wheat stem and/or root lignin synthesis pathway.
Diagnostic System in Mono Frequency Electrical Impedance Mammography (EIM) in Breast Cancer Screening.
Authors: Ortiz Blanca Murillo , Ramirez Abraham Hernández , Villanueva Talia Rivera , García David Suárez , Pérez Mario Murguía , Penin Allyson Rodríguez , Coripuna Rosario Romero , Partida Xyomara López
Published: August 2019

Background Some evidence has been found that malignant breast tumors have lower electrical impedance than surrounding normal tissues. Electrical impedance could be used as an indicator for breast cancer detection.
Methods Is a prospective, cross-sectional epidemiological observational study of serial screening. The women were invited to participate and signed their consent letter. The purpose of our study was to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of electrical impedance mammography (EIM) and its implementation for the differential diagnosis of pathological lesions of the breast, either alone or in combination with mammography / ultrasound, in 1200 women between 25 to 70 years old.
Results We found a sensitivity of 85 % and a specificity of 96 %, the positive predictive value was 12% and 99% negative predictive value. Seven biopsy confirmed cancers. Significant correlation between electrical conductivity index and Body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05) and patient's age was observed (p=0.01). We also observed that the average of the conductivity distribution is increasing according to the age group (p <0.01). We used chi-squared test to assess for interactions between percent density mammary and BMI (normal <25 kg/m2 (n= 310), overweight 25-29.9 kg/m2 (n= 418) and obese ≥ 30 (n=437) (p<0.05). The patients with a diagnosis of mammary carcinoma had a BMI of 35.51 kg / m2.
Conclusions Our study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of Mono Frequency Electrical Impedance Mammography (EIM) has 85% and 96% respectively. These results suggest that breast electroimpedance can be used in women with obesity and dense breasts since these factors generate an effect that leads to a high rate of cancers at intervals, especially in young women.
Keywords: Breast cancer, Screening, Frequency Electrical Impedance.
The new complement inhibitor CRIg/FH ameliorates lupus nephritis in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Xu Hong , Shi Yu , Yao Wen , Sun Li , Li Guomin , Ding peipei , Hu Weiguo , Liu Haimei
Published: August 2019

Background: Inhibition of complement inhibition is recognized as a promising treatment for lupus. The safety and efficacy of a novel complement inhibitor, CRIg/FH, in the treatment of lupus nephritis in a mouse model of MRL/ lpr were observed.
Method: 12 weeks old MRL/lpr female mice were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. 8 MRL/ lpr mice in every treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with complement inhibitor CRIg/FH at 10mg/kg(A1), 5mg/kg(A2) and 2mg/kg(A3). Mice in control group B1 were intraperitoneally injected with 2ml normal saline. Mice in control group B2 received daily steroid gavage. 8 C57BL/6J mice in B3 group were normal control group. Plasma biochemical indexes and immunological indexes were measured at 16 and 20 weeks. Renal histopathological examination was performed.
Result: Complement inhibitor CRIg/FH reduces the proteinuria of MRL/lpr mice and prevented renal failure. The proteinuria level of group A1-A3 were significantly lower than those in the group B1 and B2(P<0.05). At 20 weeks serum creatinine levels of group A1, A2 and A3 were significantly lower than those in the control group B1 (P<0.05). In the treatment group A1, A2 and A3, the deposition of complement MAC, C1q and C3d was reduced compared with control group B1. Complement inhibitor CRIg/FH reduced complement activation and autoantibody production in MRL/LPR mice: At 20 weeks the blood levels of C3, C4 and C5a in group A1, A2 and A3 were significantly higher than those in the control group B1 (P<0.05). Blood anti-double-stranded DNA levels of group A1, A2 and A3 were also significantly lower than those in the control group B1 at 20 weeks. (P<0.05).
Conclusion: CRIg/FH has a better therapeutic effect on lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. The protective effect in lupus nephritis is manifested in many aspects, including reducing proteinuria, decreasing serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, and reducing renal tubular inflammation. Our findings confirm that complement inhibitors can treat lupus nephritis in a dose-dependent manner. Its application prospect in patients with lupus is expected.
Intrathecal morphine is associated with less delirium following hip fracture surgery; a register study
Authors: Koning Mark Vincent , Sijp Max P.L. van der , Stolker Robert Jan , Niggebrugge Arthur H.P.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Delirium is a common complication after proximal femoral fracture surgery and contributing factors are pain and opioid consumption. The administration of intrathecal morphine may decrease these factors postoperatively and potentially decrease delirium. The aim of this research is to study the association between the use of intrathecal morphine and the occurrence of delirium.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of a register kept in a non-academic hospital in the Netherlands was performed. The register contained data of all patients with proximal femur fractures that were surgically treated with osteosynthesis or prothesis. Patients receiving spinal anesthesia with local anesthetics (SA-group) were compared with patients receiving spinal anesthesia with the addition of intrathecal morphine (SIM-group). The administration of either SA or SIM was based on the preference of the anesthesiologist. Primary outcome was the incidence of delirium, as defined by the DSM-V classification. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were performed.

Results

The SA-group consisted of 451 patients and 34 patients were included in the SIM-group. Delirium occurred in 19.7% in the SA-group versus 5.9% in the SIM-group (p=0.046). This association remained significant after correction in multivariate analysis (OR of delirium in the SA group, 95% CI: 1.062 – 21.006, p=0.041). Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, preoperative cognitive impairment and fracture treatment (osteosynthesis or prosthesis) were independently associated with delirium .

Conclusion

This retrospective study found an independent association between the use of intrathecal morphine and a lower incidence of delirium. This clinically relevant decrease in delirium should be studied in a prospective randomised study.
Low red/far-red ratio as a signal promotes carbon assimilation of soybean seedlings by increasing the photosynthetic capacity
Authors: Yang Feng , Liu Qinlin , Cheng Yajiao , Feng Lingyang , Wu Xiaoling , Fan Yuanfang , Raza Muhammad Ali , Wang Xiaochun , Yong Taiwen , Liu Weiguo , Liu Jiang , Du Junbo , Shu Kai , Yang Wenyu
Published: August 2019

Background

Shading includes low light intensity and varying quality. However, a low red/far-red (R/Fr) ratio of light is a signal that affects plant growth in intercropping and close- planting systems. Thus, the low R/Fr ratio uncoupling from shading conditions was assessed to identify the effect of light quality on photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation. Soybean plants were grown in a growth chamber with natural solar radiation under four treatments, that is, normal (N, sunlight), N+Fr, Low (L) +Fr, and L light.

Results

Results showed that low R/Fr ratio significantly increased the total biomass, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of all starch to that of chloroplasts, starch and sucrose contents, net photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll content compared with normal R/Fr ratio under the same light intensity condition (P < 0.05). Proteomic analysis of soybean leaves under different treatments was performed to quantify the changes in photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation in the chloroplast. Among the 7834 proteins quantified, 12 showed a > 1.5-fold change in abundance, of which 1 was related to porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, 2 were involved in photosystem I (PS I), 4 were associated with PS II, 3 proteins participated in photosynthetic electron transport, and 2 were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. The dynamic change in these proteins indicates that photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation were maintained in the L treatment by up-regulating the component protein levels compared with those in N treatment. Although low R/Fr ratio increased the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation parameters, the differences in most protein expression levels in N+Fr and L+Fr treatments compared with those in N treatment were insignificant. Similar trends were found in gene expression through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction excluding the gene expression of sucrose synthase possible because light environment is one of the factors affecting carbon assimilation.

Conclusions

These results implied that low R/Fr ratio (high Fr light) increased the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in the same light intensity by improving the photosynthetic efficiency of the photosystems.
Efficacy and safety of quinolones for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Gonzalez-Garay Alejandro G , Velasco-Hidalgo Liliana , Ochoa-Hein Eric , Rivera-Luna Roberto
Published: August 2019

Background

Uncomplicated urinary tract infection is considered an infection that occurs in healthy individuals who have a normal urinary tract, representing 5% of all annual medical visits. Several quinolones are available as second-line agents for treatment; however, we do not know which is the best antibiotic scheme for urinary tract infection; therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis to hierarchize each quinolone according to its efficacy and safety.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and other databases were subjected to non-language-restricted searches up to 2018 for trials that included women treated with quinolones for uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Bias in the trials was assessed by two reviewers; the Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to analyze clinical and bacteriological remission, relapse, resistance, and adverse events. For direct comparisons, we obtained risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals by applying a fixed events model using Tau2 and Q2 tests to calculate the heterogeneity using trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as the common comparator across studies. For the network meta-analysis, we analyzed the indirect comparisons by Bucher's method.

The results were summarized in a correlation matrix.

Results

We included 18 trials with 8765 women. For pre-menopausal women and treatment duration <3 days, norfloxacin and ofloxacin had a 57% of probability for achieving remission but with an 83% frequency of adverse events. For post-menopausal women, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were 82% more effective for remission with an 49% frequency of adverse events compared with other types of quinolones.

Conclusions

Compared with other quinolones, ofloxacin (200 mg) was more effective for remission, although with a high probability of adverse events; however, norfloxacin (400 mg) could be an alternative in treatment, due to it low probability of adverse events; even though additional trials are needed to confirm our findings, especially in treatment duration exceeds 3 days.

PROSPERO registration

CRD42015025886
Genome Wide Identification and Characters of TCP Family Genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida
Authors: Sun Quan , He Jing , He Xiaohong , Chang Pingan , Jiang Huaizhong , Gong Daping
Published: August 2019

Background

Teosinte branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating cell factor (TCP) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors, which widely involved in leaf development, flowering, shoot branching, and circadian rhythm. So far, TCP proteins function in tumorous stem mustard has not been reported. . Here we identified and characterized the entire TCP protein family members in the tumorous stem mustard.

Results

We identified fifty-four TCP genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida, containing thirty-three Class I subfamily members and twenty-one Class II subfamily members. Fifty-three TCP genes are distributed on 15 chromosomes. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that the same clade genes have similar gene intron/exon structure and conserved motifs. Cis-acting element results showed that the same clade genes also have similar cis-element, however subtle differences also imply the different regulated pathway. More than twice paralogs genes relation to diploid species in some members imply gene duplication events in evolution. The members of BjTCP18s are low expressed in DY strains and un-swelling stage of YA strains. After treatment with GA and SA, it was detected that the expression levels of multiple TCP genes were affected by these two hormones.

Conclusion

In this study, we perform the first genome-wide analysis of the tumorous stem mustard TCP gene family. The results provide valuable information for understanding the classification and functions of TCP genes in tumorous stem mustard.
Genome-wide association studies of Shigella spp. and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli isolates demonstrate an absence of genetic markers for prediction of disease severity
Authors: Hendriks Amber C. A. , Reubsaet Frans A.G. , Kooistra A.M.D. (Mirjam) , Rossen John W. A. , Dutilh Bas E. , Zomer Aldert L. , Beld Maaike van den
Published: August 2019

Background

We investigated the association of symptoms and disease severity of shigellosis patients with genetic determinants of infecting Shigella and entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), because determinants that predict disease outcome per individual patient could be used to prioritize control measures. For this purpose, genome wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using presence or absence of single genes, combinations of genes, and k-mers. All genetic variants were derived from draft genome sequences of isolates from a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in the Netherlands during 2016 and 2017. Clinical data of patients consisting of binary/dichotomous representation of symptoms and their calculated severity scores were also available from this study. To verify the suitability of the used methods, the genetic differences between the genera Shigella and Escherichia were used as control.

Results

The obtained isolates were representative for a population structure as encountered in a Western European country. No association was found between single genes or combinations of genes and separate symptoms or disease severity scores. One potentially associated intergenic region was found using a k-mer approach, however, this turned out to be a false positive. Our benchmark characteristic, genus, resulted in eight associated genes and >3,000,000 k-mers, indicating adequate performance of the used algorithms.

Conclusions

To conclude, using several microbial GWAS methods, genetic variants in Shigella spp. and EIEC that can predict specific symptoms or a more severe course of disease were not identified, suggesting that disease severity of shigellosis is dependent on other factors than the genetic variation of the infecting bacteria. Specific genes or gene fragments of isolates from patients are unsuitable to predict outcomes and cannot be used for development, prioritization and optimization of guidelines for control measures of shigellosis or infections with EIEC.
Hydrological modelling of climate change impacts on river flows in Siberia's Lena River Basin and implications for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Hudson C. E. , Thompson J. R.
Published: August 2019

A hydrological model of Siberia's Lena River Basin is calibrated and validated against observed river discharge at five stations. Implications of the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 scenario for river discharge are assessed using projections from 41 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 General Circulation Models grouped into 12 genealogical-based groups as well as a group ensemble mean. Annual precipitation increases in all scenarios (1.7–47.4%). Increases in annual PET are of a similar range (6.0–45.5%). PET peaks in June compared to July for the baseline. All temperature changes exceed 1.5 °C (range: 2.2 °C–6.2 °C). The largest absolute increases are in winter (maximum +7 °C). Changes in mean annual discharge range from −8.5 to +69.9%. Ten GCM groups and the group ensemble mean project increases. Earlier snowmelt is dominant so the annual flood peaks in May compared with June for the baseline. Increased discharge of the Lena and other Eurasian rivers to the Arctic Ocean has the potential to impact Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Enhanced fluxes for four groups are capable of weakening the AMOC. Changes for other groups may contribute to weakening when combined with other sources of freshwater and warmer temperatures.
Systematic Scrutinisation of Vital Factors for Fabrication and Evaluation of PGS-MCC Based Drug Loaded Pellets by Extrusion Spheronization Technique
Authors: Rana Hardik , Thakkar Vaishali , Mudgal Kalpana , Gohel Mukesh , Baldania Lalji , Dholakia Mansi , Gandhi Tejal
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The prime objective was to formulate pellet formulation incorporating
a newer extrusion- pelletisation aid, Pregelatinised Starch (PGS) and to scrutinise the
factors that can affect the quality of the pellets and to overcome the slower disintegration
of Microcrystaline Cellulose (MCC).

Methods:

Pellets were prepared initially using PGS, MCC, water, ethanol, HPMC K 4 M
and Febuxostat was employed as model drug. Optimisation of formulation was done by
employing Quality by design (QbD) and Design of experiment (DoE) approach. Ratio of
PGS and MCC, ratio of binder and spheronisation speed were selected as independent
variables and disintegration time and % cumulative drug release as dependent variables.
In vitro in vivo correlation of the optimised batch was carried out using Wagner nelson
method. Incompatibility studies have indicated compatibility of drug and excipients.

Results:

From the experiments, it was proved that the batch comprising 3:1 ratio of PGS
and MCC, 1:1 binder solution and 1500 speed yielded good pellets with decreased disintegration
time and improved dissolution rate as compared to pure Febuxostat. IVIVC
studies indicated one to one correlation between in vitro and in vivo parameters.

Conclusion:

Pellets with good quality, minimum disintegration time and improved dissolution
of model drug were successfully prepared with maximum amount of PGS. Optimisation
using QbD approach was worth fruitful that affected the quality of pellets.
Transperineal Laser Ablation Treatment for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Obstruction: Protocol for a Prospective In Vivo Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: van Kollenburg Rob A A , van Riel Luigi A M J G , Bloemen Paul R , Oddens Jorg R , de Reijke Theo M , Beerlage Harrie P , de Bruin Daniel Martijn
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Standard surgical treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) use a transurethral approach. Drawbacks are the need for general or spinal anesthesia and complications such as hematuria, strictures, and cloth retention. Therefore, a minimal invasive technique under local anesthesia is desired to improve patient safety. Recently, SoracteLite transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) has been introduced as a novel minimal invasive treatment for BPO. The system used is unique because 4 laser sources are independently available. This 1064-nm diode laser induces coagulative necrosis. Moreover, TPLA is unique because it has a transperineal approach and can be performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study is to determine the safety and feasibility of TPLA treatment for men, who are fit for standard surgery, with LUTS due to BPO. The secondary objectives are to determine functional outcomes by flowmetry and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), side effects, and tissue changes observed on imaging.

METHODS

This study is a prospective, single center, interventional pilot study IDEAL framework stage 2a and will include 20 patients. Eligible patients are men ≥40 years of age, with a prostate volume of 30 to 120 cc, have urodynamically proven bladder outlet obstruction, and have a peak urinary flow of 5 to 15 mL per second. All patients will undergo TPLA of their prostate under local anesthesia by using the EchoLaser system. Depending on the prostate volume, 2 to 4 laser fibers will be placed bilaterally into the prostate. Patient follow-up consists of uroflowmetry, PROMs, and imaging by using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Total follow-up is 12 months following treatment.

RESULTS

Presently, recruitment of patients is ongoing. Publication of first results is expected by early 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

TPLA offers the potential to be a novel minimal invasive technique for treatment of LUTS due to BPO in men fit for standard desobstruction. This study will evaluate the safety and feasibility of TPLA and report on functional outcomes and tissue changes observed on imaging following TPLA treatment.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/15687
The Impact of Mobile Phone Technology in Bridging the Gaps in The Health Care Service Delivery in Kenya: A Case of Nairobi County. (Preprint)
Authors: Ndwiga Alice
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION:
The Kenyan constitution seeks to guarantee every citizen the right to quality healthcare services. Quite often this delivery is hampered by geographical location, socio-economic statuses among other factors. The country has a high mobile phone penetration rate. Digitalization of the healthcare sector is a vital aspect that contributes to effective delivery of care services. This study set out to assess the impact of mobile technology in closing the gaps within the health care service delivery. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of mobile phone technology in bridging the gap in healthcare service delivery in Kenya with a focus on Nairobi, Kibera informal settlements. Hypothesis testing using P-value of 0.05 also showed that use of mobile phone technology positively impacted the delivery of healthcare services.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of mobile phone technology in bridging the gap in healthcare service delivery in Kenya with a focus on Nairobi, Kibera informal settlements. Hypothesis testing using P-value of 0.05 also showed that use of mobile phone technology positively impacted the delivery of healthcare services.

METHODS

The target population were patients visiting Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) clinic in Kibera informal settlements. A cross-sectional study design was employed. Purposive and simple random sampling method was used to select the study sample of 210 participants and 3 healthcare providers. Data were collected using survey questionnaire that was provider-administered and Data were analyzed using SPSS version.

RESULTS

The characteristics of the respondents were general (mean age, education level, social economic status) to only patients who visited the clinics for HIV tests and other related services such as going for ARVs. The main findings showed that 66.12% of the respondents (14.29% strongly agreed + 55.24% agreed) that the use of mobile phone technology improved their access to healthcare services. Using chi square, there was a statistical difference due to the positive impact of mobile technology on healthcare delivery (p=0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The study findings showed that 66.12% of the respondents agreed that the use of mobile phone technology and SMS improved their access to healthcare services. The results hypothesis also proved that use of mobile phone technology positively impacts the delivery of healthcare services.
System Security Awareness Planning Model Using The Octave Method Approach
Authors: Shouran Zaied Saad , Rokhman Nur , Priyambodo Tri Kuntoro
Published: August 2019

Awareness of the security of information systems is an important thing to note. In this study, we will discuss planning models of awareness about information system security using Octave models or methods. The analytical method used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that the Octave model can increase awareness about the importance of security in an information system and companies that implement it will be able to improve their performance in the future.
Detection Of Spam Comments On Instagram Using Complementary Naïve Bayes
Authors: Haqimi Nur Azizul , Rokhman Nur , Priyanta Sigit
Published: August 2019

Instagram (IG) is a web-based and mobile social media application where users can share photos or videos with available features. Upload photos or videos with captions that contain an explanation of the photo or video that can reap spam comments. Comments on spam containing comments that are not relevant to the caption and photos. The problem that arises when identifying spam is non-spam comments are more dominant than spam comments so that it leads to the problem of the imbalanced dataset. A balanced dataset can influence the performance of a classification method. This is the focus of research related to the implementation of the CNB method in dealing with imbalance datasets for the detection of Instagram spam comments. The study used TF-IDF weighting with Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a comparison classification. Based on the test results with 2500 training data and 100 test data on the imbalanced dataset (25% spam and 75% non-spam), the CNB accuracy was 92%, precision 86% and f-measure 93%. Whereas SVM produces 87% accuracy, 79% precision, 88% f-measure. In conclusion, the CNB method is more suitable for detecting spam comments in cases of imbalanced datasets.
Characteristics of Thermal Front in the Tropical Waters of Eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Daulay Soni Rohima , Sari Tengku Ersti Yulika , Usman Usman , Jhonnerie Romie
Published: August 2019

This study aims to elucidate spatio-temporal variability of the thermal front in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean of the western Sumatera. The research was conducted during November 2017- February 2018. The Single Image Edge Detection (SIED) was applied to daily sea surface temperature (SST) data of 2016 of the level-3 Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the detection of thermal front. The number of the thermal front events during 2016 were 167 days. The distribution and frequency of thermal front mostly found in January, i.e. 23 days with SST mean of 30.3ºC. Whereas the lowest distribution appeared in November and the lowest frequency observed in September, i.e. 6 days with the SST mean of 29.1ºC. The highest temperature range of thermal front is between 31.4-32.0ºC and the lowest ranged between 26.4-29.3ºC. The occurrences of thermal front were commonly found in the open ocean. The highest frequency occurred in January and the lowest took place in September with the longest duration of 3 days.
The Effect of Gelatin from Different Fish Skin on Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Marsmallow
Authors: Aziza Izmy Nur , Darmanto Yudhomenggolo Sastro , Kurniasih Retno Ayu
Published: August 2019

Gelatin is one type of protein obtained from partial hydrolysis of natural collagen. Utilization of gelatin has been widely applied to food, especially in foods related to elastic texture, for example marshmallow. The purpose of this research was to determine the quality of various types of gelatin based on gel strength, elsticity, water content, hedonic and to know the best marshmallow. The experimental design was complete randomized design. The treatment was different fish skin gelatin, namely patin, payus, and cobia with concentration of 7.39%. The parameters consisted of gelatin tests (yield, gel strength, viscosity) and marshmallow tests (gel strength, elasticity, water content and hedonic). Parametric data were analyzed with Analysis of Varience test and continued with Honestly Significant Difference test. The results showed that the use of different skin had significantly different (P<0.05) on yield, gel strength and viscosity, with the result of patin (13.24%, 280.56 bloom, 2.05 cP), payus (15.47%, 328 bloom, 3.18 cP), cobia 17.88%, 392.24 bloom, 5.63, respectively. The use of gelatin from payus and cobia had significantly different (P<0.05) to marshmallow characteristic. Marshmallow with gelatin skin of cobia fish had gel strength 1564.19 g.cm, elasticity 95.16 mm, water content 14.41% and hedonic test with interval of of 7.52 < μ < 7.91 which was means liked by panelists.
Workshop Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG): Peningkatan Kapasitas Petugas Surveilans Puskesmas di Wilayah Kabupaten Gunung Kidul dalam Pembuatan Peta Sebaran Penyakit
Authors: Syairaji M , Lubis Ismil Khairi
Published: August 2019

One of surveillance quality is the data should be usefull for prevention and disease control as wellas detecting pattern or trend. This only can be done if the data have analyzed. Map is one of dataanalyzing which is important to draw disease distribution. In this training, Primarly health caresurveillance officer are expected to know and able to make simple map with GeospatialInformation System (GIS) software. This activity is software using training using free software epiinfo version 7.2 by CDC where previously the participants have given brief material about GIS inthe field of health. Observation was conduct to see if there are increasing of skill for makingdigital map. The participants also given a modul to help them re-learning after completion of theactivity. Based on the observation during training, participant looked enthusiastic and active inasking questions. For observation results, it showed increasing 100% of skill for creating mapswhereareas berfore workshop there are no participant who experienced for making digital maps.Over all, this training is effective to provide refreshing and knowledge in the field of informationtechnology that supports health data processing and analyzing in Puskesmas.
Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin melalui Pemeriksaan dan Pemberian Tablet Fe Terhadap Remaja yang Mengalami Anemia Melalui “Gerakan Jumat Pintar”
Authors: Nuraeni Rini , Sari Puspa , Martini Neneng , Astuti Sri , Rahmiati Lina
Published: August 2019

Anemia iron deficiency in adolescent girls have an impact to decrease of productivity work and academic ability in school and in long term can lead to complications in pregnancy and childbirth, therefore it is necessary prevention and control of anemia with the provision of iron. The purpose of this research was to determine the intake of iron supplementation and the effectiveness of giving iron oral supplementation to increase levels of adolescent girls hemoglobin. This is an intervensional research with one group pretest posttest design. The Sample in this research is adolescent girls, with total sample 31 respondents. The responden received iron supplementation every Friday, for one month through “Gerakan Jumat Pintar”. The intake nutritional data was obtained from food record 3 days. Statisticaly analysis in used is wilcoxon. The result indicated that anemia iron deficiency in adolescent girls is decrease from 20,0% to 10,8%. Adolescent girls suffer from moderate anemia are decrease from 27.7% to 20.0%. Whereas adolescent girls who did not suffer from anemia experienced an increase from 52,3% to 69,2%. The result of this research concluded that iron supplementation among adolescent girl is the effectiveness of giving iron oral supplementation through “Gerakan Jumat Pintar” to hemoglobin that is  increase 1,01 gr/dl.
Examining the Financial Distress Condition and Its Determinant Factors: A Study on Selected Insurance Companies in Ethiopia
Authors: Zelie EnyewMulu , Wassie Fekadu Agmas
Published: August 2019

The financial health status of business firms and the effect of firm characteristics on it are taught to be very important issues in the current business environment. This study empirically examines the financial distress condition and its firm specific determinant factors (Profitability, Liquidity, Efficiency, Leverage and firm size) in the Ethiopian insurance industry. The study is based on a ten year panel data ranging from 2007 to 2016 GC obtained from a sample of nine insurance companies. The study employed the Altman’s Z”-score model to test the financial health condition of the sampled insurance companies and the pooled OLS regression to determine the relationship between the explanatory variables and financial health condition. The result of the study shows that the financial health condition of the insurers under study was not in a safe condition and it shows continuous fluctuations. However, the regression analysis results of study shows that profitability and liquidity of insurers have statistically significant positive effect on their financial distress condition. Whereas leverage has a statistically significant negative effect on the financial distress condition of insurance companies. In contrast, efficiency and firm size have no statistically significant effect on the financial health condition of insurance companies.
WEDGING OF FRICTIONAL ELASTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Kim Sangkyu , Jang Yong Hoon , Barber James R.
Published: August 2019

We consider discrete two-dimensional elastic systems with Coulomb friction contacts, and investigate the conditions that must be satisfied if these are to be capable of becoming ‘wedged’ --- i.e. of remaining with non-zero elastic deformations when all external loads have been removed. The condition for wedging is reduced to the requirement that a prescribed set of constraint vectors should fail to positively span the N-dimensional vector space of nodal displacements. We also show that the range of admissible wedged states increases monotonically with the coefficient of friction f and that there exists a unique critical coefficient fw such that wedging is impossible for f < fw and possible for f > fw.
FUNNEL FLOW OF A NAVIER-STOKES-FLUID WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS TO MICROPOLAR MEDIA
Authors: Fomicheva Mariia , Müller Wolfgang H. , Vilchevskaya Elena N. , Bessonov Nikolay
Published: August 2019

In this paper foundations are laid for a future solution of a fully coupled flow problem for the micropolar medium undergoing structural change in a funnel-shaped crusher. Initially the fundamental equations of micropolar media are revisited and the problem of structural changes of micropolar media moving in a crusher is explained. Then a review of the current state-of-the-art is presented and a necessary extension of the problem is motivated. The need for using numerical methods of fluid mechanics is emphasized. As a prerequisite for the study of the fully coupled initial boundary value 2D-flow problem of a micropolar fluid the funnel flow of a Navier-Stokes fluid is investigated based on an implicit finite difference scheme using the Thomas algorithm. Numerical results for velocities, stresses, and for the pressure dependence of the funnel flow are presented. The correctness of the algorithm is checked by specializing to the case of a flow through a tunnel of constant cross-section under the influence of gravity, for which an analytical solution is available.