bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Research and Application of Auto-Focus Based on Hi3515
Authors: Liu Yan Long , Guo Jian Jun , Zhao Fu Mei
Published: July 2012

Auto-focus is a key technology for visual presenter, this paper mainly presents how to achieve the function of auto-focus on Hi3515. The 4x4 integer DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) shown as Eq. (2) was used to indicate whether the system was on accurate focus or not. Because the 4x4 integer DCT not only has the characteristics of single peak value, non-deflection, reliability, high-speed, but also has lower complex computation than the other frequency methods such as FFT(Fast Fourier Transform), DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform). This paper employed the method of monotonic and blind hill climbing to achieve auto-focus. The result of auto-focus is shown as Fig. 6.
Ice Shape Prediction Based on an Improved Thermodynamic Model
Authors: Ma Chao , Cao Yi Hua , Chu Xin Xing
Published: July 2012

An improved model for heat transfer process is established to study the ice accretion on airfoil, which takes into consideration the influence of conduction through ice and water film compared with the classical Messinger model. Incorporating the calculation of collection efficiency by the Eulerian two-phase theory, ice accretion in specific condition on a NACA0012 airfoil is simulated with the classical model and the improved model respectively. It is shown that the simulation result with the improved model agrees well with experiment data, and the model is demonstrated to be valid in ice shape prediction and complement the shortage of the Messinger model in the estimation of freezing fraction in glaze ice condition, especially in the initial stage of ice accretion.
Design of Bending Deflection of Pipe Test Bed
Authors: Wang Jie , He Yu Min
Published: July 2012

For the production of high reliability, wide use range, low cost of the bending deflection of pipe test bed, the design of test program was optimized, the structural design. Design of experiment platform to meet the requirement of experiment, and has practical application value.
Preparation of a Novel Complex Antimicrobial Agent and its Antimicrobial Activity In Vitro
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Wei Guo , Cui Yu Jia , Zhao Yong Liang , Gu Ya Nan , Meng Tian Tian , Zhang Peng , Ding Jin Ju , Jia Ke , Liu Ya Dong
Published: July 2012

Purpose To develop a novel complex antimicrobial agent and determine the optimal components of the composite antimicrobial agents and its antimicrobial activity in vitro. Methods According to antimicrobial mechanisms，antibacterial spectrums，physical and chemical properties and applicabilities of existing antimicrobial agents in clinical use, select out cefoperazone sodium, sulbactam sodium and cephradine as the basic components to make a novel complex antimicrobial agent. Utilize yeast, staphylococcus aureus and E. coli bacteria as test bacteria. Do the three factors four-level orthogonal experiments by the maximum amount, the middle amount, low amount and Minimum amount of the three-component agent to research the optimum ratio of the drug. Measure the titer of the compound antimicrobial agent by the way of tube-plate method (2 doses). With known contents of Penicillin Sodium for Injection as control, and determine its minimum inhibitory concentration against staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and yeast by using the agar doubling dilution method. The experimental results were analysized by statistical analysis software SPSS16.0. Results The results of the three factors four-level orthogonal experiments indicate the optimum ratios of Cefoperazone Sodium, Sulbactam Sodium and Cephradine against E. coli, yeast and staphylococcus aureus were 2:2:3, 1:2:2 and 2:6:5, their titers were 1353.9U/mg, 982.7U/mg and 1015.5U/mg. With the highest titer proportion 2:2:3 as the composition of the antimicrobial compound. This compound antimicrobial agent had a good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and Fungi, its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and yeast were 2.000μg/ml, 0.500μg/ml and 16.000μg/ml. Conclusion This research acquires a composite of antibiotics. This antimicrobial compound has a broader spectrum and higher antimicrobial activity in vitro comparing with traditional common single antibiotics, and it especially has a good antimicrobial activity against fungi. The results set a scientific foundation for enriching clinical medicines.
Study on Synthesis of Nitrophenyl Isocyanates Using Triphosgene
Authors: Cao Gui Rong , Zhao Xue Yan , Xiao Rui Jie
Published: July 2012

In this paper, triphosgene respectively reacting with o-nitrophenyl aniline, m-nitrophenyl aniline and p-nitrophenyl aniline to synthesize corresponding isocyanates. The effects of reactants molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature on the yield were investigated. As a result, using 1,2-dichloroethane as reaction solvent, the optimum molar ratio of the three kinds of nitroaniline and triphosgene were all 2.5:1, the optimum reaction time of synthesis of o-nitrophenyl isocyanate, m-nitrophenyl isocyanate and p-nitrophenyl isocyanate respectively was 6h, 5.5h and 5h; the optimum reaction temperature of synthesis of the three kinds of nitrophenyl isocyanates were all 75°C. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of o-nitrophenyl isocyanate, m-nitrophenyl isocyanate and p-nitrophenyl isocyanate could respectively be 80.3%, 83.7% and 83.5%. The products were characterized by meltingtest, ebulliometry, IR, and HPLC
Toxicity Mechanism of Formic Acid is Directly Linked to ROS Burst and Oxidative Damage in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Du Lin
Published: July 2012

In this paper the survival rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells after the formic acid treatment of different concentration was determined firstly, and cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were labeled with fluorescent probes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and treated with formic acid, then intracellular reactive oxygen species was detected with confocal microscopy and flow cytometer. The results show that formic acid can lead to the rapid burst of intracellular reactive oxygen species. We speculated that the outbreak of the formic acid-induced reactive oxygen species and corresponding oxidative damage is the leading cause of the yeast cells death.
Study on Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides as Coal Microbial Flocculant
Authors: Zhang Dong Chen , Hou Zhi Xiang , Wang Tao
Published: July 2012

Orthogonal test was employed to inspect the flocculation of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides in this text. The result showed that Rhodopseudomonas spheroides has good performance in flocculation effect of coal slurry. The hightest flocculation ratio is 93.4%. The optimum technological combination of flocculation test has been obtained:incubation time:12h,Coagulation aid dosage:2mL,Bacterium fluid amount:2mL,The categories of flocculants: the cell homogenates,pH:7.The FTIR analysis showed that the extractive of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides contain a large number of acidic Polysaccharides which has flocculent effect component.The main flocculation is “adsorption-bridge” between Molecular bioflocculant and coal slurry.
Preparation of Glycosylated Nitrosohemoglobin by Maillard Reaction and its Stability under Fluorescent Light at 20°C
Authors: Li Pei Jun , Kong Bao Hua , Zhang Hong Tao , Li Ning , Zheng Dong Mei , Yang He Hong , Xia Xiu Fang , Zhang Hong Wei , Luo Hui Ting , Zhang Yu Han
Published: July 2012

One of the roles nitrite played in meat curing is to produce the characteristic pink color, but the use is limited due to its potential carcinogenicity. In this study, porcine blood was used for synthesizing glycosylated nitrosyl-hemoglobin (G-NO-Hb) through maillard reaction and the preparation conditions were optimized. Also, the stability of G-NO-Hb was assessed by UV-Vis spectra. The results showed that: the optimum ratio of blood cells to water was 1: 2, nitrite of 2 mg/kg reaction mixture was chosen. The synthesized G-NO-Hb solution was rather stable under light radiation at 20°C for 20d. It revealed that G-NO-Hb was a potential stable pigment used for meat curing as a nitrite substitute.
Properties of the Soy Protein Isolate/PVAc Latex Blend Adhesives
Authors: Zeng Nian , Xie Jian Jun , Ding Chu
Published: July 2012

Soybean proteins have shown great potential for use as renewable, environmentally friendly adhesives. In this research, poly(vinyl acetate)(PVAc) latex and some auxiliary agent were used to modify soy protein isolate(SPI). The chemical microstructure of the adhesives was obtained by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The influence factors of the bonding strength and the water resistance of SPI adhesive were studied by different mass ratios of the SPI and PVAc latex, the blending time and the crosslink time. A better synthesis condition is as follow, the mass concentration of SPI is 13%; the mass concentrations of urea, PVAc latex and the crosslinker is 6%, 11.1% and 1.5%, respectively(relative to the total mass of SPI and water), and the crosslink time is 1.5h. The thermal properties are studied and the mechanism is discussed.
Effect of Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate on Structure and Properties of Silk Fibroin/Calcium Phosphate Composites
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xie Rui Juan , Huang Yang Yang
Published: July 2012

In this paper, calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) was added into silk fibroin/calcium phosphate (SF/CP) composites. The macropores formed by the SF was connected by micropores formed from rapid degradation of CSH, so that the structure of the composites is more close to the natural bone. The results indicated that the range of pore sizes around 30 - 308 microns were formed in the composites by SF. Compared to SF/CP composites without CSH, the injectability decreased, but the rate were both above 90%; the setting time increased, but were both less than 16min; the porosity increased. When the proportion of CSH was greater than 10%, the morphology of the product of setting reaction, i.e. the hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, was influenced. When the proportion of CSH was less than 10%, the HA crystals appeared to be needle-like and plate-like crystals. When the proportion of CSH was greater than 10%, HA crystals were needle-like. The added amount of CSH had significant effects on compressive strength and work-of-compressive. The compressive strength and work-of-compressive decreased with increasing of CSH content in the composites.
Hydrolysis of Dimethyl Ether over Heteropoly Acids Catalyst
Authors: Li Yong Xiu , Yu Chang Jiang , Wang Chao Xian , Ou Longnian , Song Yi Bing
Published: July 2012

Heteropoly acide(HPA), as one kind of solid-super acid catalysts, has been researched and applied extensively. Using SBA-15 and ZSM-5 as carriers, HPA catalysts with different types and contents were applied in this work for the hydrolysis of dimethyl ether(DME). It had been found that ZSM-5 was a proper carrier, and its supported phosphotungstic acid exhibited relatively high catalytic activity in this low-temperature hydrolysis reaction.
Preparation Technology of Hydrolysis Protein of Tilapia Meat
Authors: Fang Xi Juan , Chen Lu Xin , Zeng Qing Zhu , Xu Qing Ling , Zhan Yu , Liu Peng , Gu Cai Qin
Published: July 2012

The preparation technology of tilapia protein hydrolysates by building single factor test and response surface methodology (RSM) were defined. The effect of hydrolysis temperature, pH, the additive quantity of Alcalase, the ratio of liquid-to-solid on degree of hydrolysis (DH), TCA-soluble nitrogen index (TCA-NSI) and yield of acid-solubility peptide (YASP) by regression model was obtained by response surface analysis. Regression model indicated that the optimal condition hydrolyzed animal protein of tilapia meat by proteinase was described as following：hydrolysis temperature 54.30°C, pH 8.77, the additive quantity of Alcalase 2.4L was 3702U/g, the ratio of liquid-to-solid was 3.06, hydrolysis time 1 hour. Under such conditions, the DH(%), TCA-NSI(%) and YASP(%) reached 33.63%, 22.10%, 64.55%, respectively. Experiment result showed that the predictive value and experimental value was small deviation and indicated that regression model was reasonable and reliable.
Research on Degumming Experiment of Corn Bracts
Authors: Yang Ming Xia , Zhou Rong
Published: July 2012

In this paper, using chemical degumming method on corn bract fiber degumming experiment, in order to find a more suitable degumming process of corn bracts and to realize the development and utilization of corn bract fiber. "Pre-oxygen pretreatment + Two scouring" chemical degumming method was used, and the optimal combination of process parameters was found out by using orthogonal experimental design method. Optimal pretreatment parameters: H2O2 6g/L, Pre-treatment time 30min, Temperature 40°C; Two Scouring optimal parameter combinations: NaOH 16g/L, Temperature 80 °C, Scouring time 150min.
Silicon Mediated Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight by Increasing Ferulic Acid and Chlorogenic Acid
Authors: Zhang Guo Liang
Published: July 2012

Silicon (Si) can enhance the resistance to rice sheath blight causing by Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani), but ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid involved in disease resistance with Si application on is scarcely known. The susceptible cultivar Ningjing 1 was selected to determine the effects of Si on disease index of rice sheath blight as well as if ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid were involved in disease resistance. The results showed that Si application reduced the disease index of sheath blight by 15.62. For uninoculated plants, Si application alone did not change the concentration of ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid significantly. For inoculated plants, Si application increased the concentration of ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid significantly. It is conclued that the important way of Si mediated resistance in rice against sheath blight is probably through increasing ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid.
Preparation of Water-Soluble Carboxymethylated Lignin from Wheat Straw Alkali Lignin
Authors: Gan Lin Huo , Zhou Ming Song , Qiu Xue Qing
Published: July 2012

Water-soluble carboxymethylated lignin (CML) was synthesized using wheat straw alkali lignin (WAL) in aqueous medium. The process of carboxymethylation was optimized with respect to the NaOH concentration, monochloroacetic acid concentration, reaction temperature and time. The optimized product has a yield of 80.47% and a carboxyl group content of 2.8231 mmol•g-1, respectively. The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation are NaOH concentration of 20.0% (wt%), monochloroacetic acid concentration of 37.5% (wt%), temperature of 70 °C and time of 90 min. The optimized CML was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy and interfacial tension apparatus. The result shows that the substitution reaction of carboxymethylation occurs simultaneously in the phenolic hydroxyl group and aliphatic hydroxyl group in WAL. CML has the surface activity in water for industrial application as dispersant.
Effects of Typical Chemical Agents on Preventing Pollution and Controlling Drought in a Cherry Orchard
Authors: Liao Ren Kuan , Yang Pei Ling , Ren Shu Mei , Yi Hang , Wang Long , Shang Fang Ze
Published: July 2012

In the North China plain, serious Non-point-source (NPS) pollution and drought are two great concerns in agricultural production. In our studies, two typical chemical agents ( SAP and FA ) were selected to control drought and pollution in a cheery orchard. Soil water content, nutrient transport in soil profile have been researched. The results showed that the soil water content of treatments with chemical agents increased maximally by 19.4% relative to treatment without chemical agents, and increased by 35.2% for Ammonium-N in 20-60 cm soil layer ( main root zone ). However, in 60-120 cm deeper soil layer, the water leakage of treatments with chemical agents decreased averagely by 15.1% relative to treatment without chemical agents, and increased by 43.8% for Nitrate-N. The chemical agents hold water and nutrient in root zone and thus reducing the risk of pollutant leaching into the underground water. It can be found that treatment ( 150kg/h㎡ SAP + 300 times FA ) is the optimal combination group in all treatments. The chemical prevention technology provided a new guide for controlling drought and reducing NPS pollution in cherry planting in the North China plain.
Oriented Immobilization of Penicillin G Acylase on the Epoxydized Magnetic Hydroxyl Particles by Phenyl Acetic Acid
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Zhong Hai , Li Ji Lie , Wu Yao Hui
Published: July 2012

Magnetic hydroxyl microspheres were prepared by suspension polymerization and activated by epoxy chloropropane. The magnetic particles were characterized in terms of chemical composition, particle size and electrophoretic mobility. These epoxy-activated magnetic particles were assessed as a new carries for immobilized penicillin G acylase (PGA) by covalent coupling. The oriented PGA immobilization was achieved by employing the interaction electrostatic repulsion between PGA and magnetic supports through adding the phenyl acetic acid (PAA), which resulted in a 1.194-fold increase in the enzyme activity yield as compared to that of untreated PGA. No activity of immobilized PGA was lost after 20 cycles and about 94.28% enzyme activity was retained at the end of the 80th cycle in the batch reaction system.
Studies on Wheat Resistant Starch by NMR Technique
Authors: Zhang Jin Sheng , Liu Yu Huan , Jin Zhi Qiang , Ruan Roger
Published: July 2012

A low field magnetic resonance technique was used to analyze the water mobility character about wheat starch and its resistant starch (RS) suspensions at different water activity. RS was obtained from wheat starch by high temperature and high pressure method. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to evaluate the variation between the starch and RS after treatment. Compared with the original starch, it was suggested that the capacity of combining water of RS was stronger than starche from the NMR relaxation parameters, but RS’s water holding capacity (WHC) was lower than that of starch. Experiments indicated that water mobility character was lower in RS. This study on the water mobility character of starch and RS was significant for the starch industry, and showed the perspective of NMR and MRI technique potential utilization in the food science field.
Enhanced Performance of Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase-Catalyzed Regioselective Acylation of 6-Azauridine by a Co-Solvent Approach
Authors: Bi Yan Hong , Wang Zhao Yu , Zhao Xi Rong
Published: July 2012

A comparative study was made of lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed regioselective acylation of 6-azauridine with vinyl palmitate for the preparation of the 5'-O-monoester in co-solvent mixtures and pure polar solvents. Among the solvent systems investigated, a co-solvent mixture of anhydrous acetone/isooctane was found to be the best reaction medium, in which Lipozyme TL IM also exhibited good thermal and operational stability. It was also found that the acylation was dependent on the hydrophobic solvent content. The most suitable co-solvent was anhydrous acetone/isooctane (90:10, v/v). Under the optimal conditions, the initial rate, substrate conversion and 5'-regioselectivity were 20.6 mM/h, 99.0% and 99%, respectively.
Preliminary Purification and Distribution of Lipoxygenase in Grass Carp
Authors: Wang Jian Hui , Liu Dong Min , Zheng An Ni , Liu Yong Le , Chen Qi , Wang Fa Xiang , Li Xiang Hong , Yu Jian
Published: July 2012

The lipoxygenase (LOX) in grass carp can catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids even their esters, resulting in rancidity deterioration of grass carp and its products during the process and storage. Preliminary purification, quantitative determination and distribution of grass carp muscular LOX were investigated in the present study. LOX activity of the grass carp muscle was measured to be 35.17 KU/g and its molecular weight was 95.71 kDa identified by SDS-PAGE. Using previously reported extraction methods such as twice salting-out and once dialysis, the LOX protein content in the crude muscular LOX extraction is about 28%. When salted with graded saturation of ammonium sulfate, we found once salting-out was enough for LOX extraction and the effective percentage saturation of ammonium sulfate for LOX extraction was 40%. Under this condition, the LOX protein content in the crude muscular LOX extract was doubled. The LOX distribution in fish was gradually increased from skin and muscle, gill, viscera to blood, which indicates that it is very important to remove the viscera and bleed fish completely during fish product processing to decrease the risk of lipid oxidation caused by LOX.
Characteristics and Flocculating Mechanism of a Bioflocculant M-1 Produced by Enterobacter sp. EP3
Authors: Liu Chun Shuang , Guo Ya Dong , Zhao Dong Feng
Published: July 2012

A bioflocculant M-1 produced by Enterobacter sp. EP3 was investigated with regard to its flocculanting characteristics and mechanism. 2.0 mg/l M-1 showed the maximum flocculating activity of 96% in 5.0g/l Kaolin suspension containing 8mM CaCl2 and that its flocculating activity was more than 80% in a wide pH range (4.0-12.0). Chemical analyses indicated that the biopolymer M-1 was mainly a polysaccharide, mainly consist of rhamnose and glucose with a molar ratio of 9:1. Infrared spectrophotometry showed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and methoxyl groups in M-1 molecular. Flocculation of Kaolin suspension with M-1 acted as a model to explore the flocculating mechanism in which bridging mediated by Ca2+ was proposed as the primary action based on the experimental observations.
Relationship of Vitamin E Accumulation and Content of Sodium and Silicon in Cell Culture
Authors: Zhang Heng , Xu Zhao Tang , Li Wen Qian , Sun Hua
Published: July 2012

The effect of Na and Si content on vitamin E accumulation in a wheat embryo callus culture was studied. Mathematical models were established to describe the growth kinetics and accumulation of vitamin E for the wheat embryo callus cells. With vitamin E accumulation as the objective, the best combination of Na and Si addition in the medium was selected through an optimum test. The results showed that the optimal production of vitamin E in Gamborg’s B5 medium was at the 0.80 mg/L NaH2PO4•H2O and 0.00%(w/w) H2SiO3. The degree of fit of the kinetics model of vitamin E accumulation was 99.11%, whereas the degree of fit of the kinetics model of cell growth was 98.68%, with a nonlinear relation. The beneficial elements Na and Si affected vitamin E accumulation in the wheat germ callus medium and the influence of Si was more significant than that of Na.
Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharide from Camellia Cake against ABTS and DPPH Free Radicals
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Li Xiang Zhou , Wu Zhi Ping , Kuang Chun Tao
Published: July 2012

The ABTS, and DPPH assays were used for determining to investigate the antioxidant effect in vitro of Polysaccharide from Camellia Cake. Different concentrations of the sample were determinated by assay method. Results showed Polysaccharide from Camellia Cake had an appreciable antioxidant effect in a concentration-dependent manner. The EC50 values against DPPH and ABTS free radicals were 0.106 mg/ml and 1.05mg/ml respectively.
Preparation of Cross-Linked Cellulase Aggregates onto Magnetic Chitosan Microspheres
Authors: Xie Xiao Ling , Li Bing , Wu Zhi Qing , Dong Shou Li , Li Lin
Published: July 2012

The cellulase was immobilized onto magnetic chitosan microspheres carrier as cross-linked enzymes aggregates (CLEAs). It was precipitated with 95% saturation ammonia sulfate and cross-linked with 3% (v/v) glutaraldehyde. Efficient enzyme activity about 50.6% was obtained when cellulase concentration was 1.0mg/mL after cross-linking for 7 h at 30○C. The CLEAs was advantageous on stabilities and magnetic responsiveness for separation.
Preliminary Research on the Interaction between a Novel Designed Self-Assembling Peptide with Half-Sequence Ionic Complement and the Natural Product Psoralen
Authors: Tang Li Li , Guan Fu Yi , He Dao Hang
Published: July 2012

This paper describes a new kind of 9-residue half-sequence ionic-complementary peptide P-X7-P, which can spontaneously self-assemble into well-ordered and long interconnected nanofibrilar network structure in pure water, and can be used as a hydrophobic compounds carrier. Psoralen, a natural product, is slight water soluble but has various treatments in medicine. In order to fully understand the interaction between the self-assembling peptide and psoralen,the nanostructures formed by two of them were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). This work provides insights on the interaction between the amphiphilic self-assembling peptide and psoralen that are useful for the bottom up development of peptide sequence for local natural product drug delivery applications.
Dyeing Adsorption Kinetics of Thermally Unstable Pigments from Phytolacca americana L.’s Fruits on Mercerized Wool Yarns
Authors: Wang Hua Yin , Tang Zhi Rong , Zhou Wen Long
Published: July 2012

To extend the application of the thermally unstable pigments from Phytolacca americana L.’s fruits on textiles, the thermal degradation kinetics and thermodynamics of pigments in solution have been studied and taken into account in dyeing processes. The experimental datas of the thermal degradation kinetics, thermodynamics and dyeing kinetics have been analyzed using First Order Reaction Kinetics, Arrhenius Equation, and Vickerstaff Adsorption Hyperbolic Curve theories, respectively. The results indicate that, the Vickerstaff Adsorption Hyperbolic Curve theories can be used to describe the dyeing adsorption kinetics of the pigments dyed on mercerized wool yarns taking thermal degradation into consideration. The values of half-time, rate constant of thermal degradation, equilibrium dyeing percentage, adsorption constant, dyeing time, dyeing temperature and others parameters also have been analyzed in this article. The appropriate dyeing time and dyeing temperature for the pigments dyed on mercerized wool yarns have been found out.
Study on Enzymatic Hydrolysis into Low Molecular Weight Polypeptides with Microwave Heating
Authors: Liu Jing , Gao Yi Hong
Published: July 2012

Using amino nitrogen content ( AN for short ) as standards, the conditions of low molecular weight polypeptides with three kinds of enzymes hydrolysis as well as the sequence and way of adding enzymes with microwave heating was found in this paper, which was examined by fluorescence analysis method, seperated by Sephadex G-50. The result shows that three kinds of enzymes hydrolysis were prefer to one enzyme obviously, amino nitrogen was higher for 2813.4 mg/L, the relative molecular mass of soybean polypeptides was mostly below 1000 D. Soybean polypeptide was well tested and seperated by Sephadex G-50 and fluorescence analysis method.
Complex Decolorizer of Active Carbon and Attapulgite for the Decoloration of Lentinan Extract
Authors: Jiang Jin Long , Yang Yong , Qian Yun Hua
Published: July 2012

The complex decolorizer of active carbon and attapulgite was synthesized for the decoloration of Lentinan extract. The effects of decolorizer dosage, temperature and pH were investigated through single factor experiments. The experimental results show that the decoloration rate with the complex decolorizer was close to that with the active carbon, while the loss rate of polysaccharide was significantly lower than that with the active carbon. The optimum decoloration conditions were decolorizer dosage 2 wt%, temperature 50 oC and pH 6.0. Under these optimum decoloration conditions, the decoloration rate and the polysaccharide loss rate were 87.2% and 12.6%, respectively.
Focused Microwave-Assisted Extraction Versus Conventional Solvent Extraction of Glycyrrhizic Acid from Licorice Root
Authors: Sun Chen , Liu Guang Yu , Zhao Pei Xia
Published: July 2012

Conventional solvent extraction and microwave-assisted techniques were used to extract glycyrrhizic acid (GA) from licorice root, using different solvents including polar and non-polar solvents. For both extraction techniques, higher glycyrrhizic acid yields were consistently obtained with water than with other solvents from the same samples. Solubility of glycyrrhizic acid or salts in water is the major cause of this observation. For microwave assisted extraction (MAE) with water, glycyrrhizic acid yield increased to 3.10% in 7min. Similar observations were made with conventional solvent extraction, glycyrrhizic acid yield was raised to 3.12% in 90min. The extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an ultraviolet detector. The kinetic studies were supplemented by scanning electron micrographs (SEM), and a mechanism based on the mass transfer between the solvents and matrix had been proposed to account for the acceleration extraction made with MAE.
A Novel Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption Method for Separation of Levulinic Acid from Formic Acid
Authors: Liu Bao Jian , Liu Shi Wang , Liu Tie Bing , Mao Jian Wei
Published: July 2012

Levulinic acid (LA) is a new versatile platform chemical derived from renewable non-food biomass. A major challenge in the purification of LA from biomass hydrolysate is the separation of LA and formic acid. A novel granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption and separation of LA and formic acid were investigated in this work. Adsorption equilibria elucidated that LA preferentially adsorbed onto GAC than formic acid. Mixed solution of LA and formic acid was fed into the GAC packed-bed at 30°C, then formic acid was washed out from the column in a pure form with 60°C water and finally LA was effectively eluted with 95% (v/v) ethanol at 60°C. LA can be completely separated from formic acid by this simple GAC adsorption process with good yield and high purity.
Clean Oxidation of Cyclohexanone to Adipic Acid Catalyzed by Ammonium Phosphomolybdate with Dawson Structure under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Cao Xiao Hua , Ren Jie , Xu Chang Long , Xie Bao Hua , Sun De Si
Published: July 2012

Ammonium Phosphomolybdate with Dawson structure was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characted by means of FT-IR, UV-Vis,XRD and SEM. The synthesis of adipic acid with cyclohexanone and 30 percent hydrogen peroxide under microwave irradiation was carried out as a probe reaction to study the catalytic activity. Effects of catalyst amount,30wt.% H2O2 amount,microwave power, reaction time were investigated and optimized with orthogonal experiments and simple fact experiments. The results show that under the optimal condition, i.e. the mole ratio of C6H10O: H2O2:H2C2O4•2H2O:(NH4)6P2Mo18O62•nH2O =100:500:2.0:0.087, the reaction temperature was 100°C, microwave power was 400W, irradiation time was 3.5 h，the isolated yield of adipic acid could reach 72.5%．The catalyst could be reused for 5 times and the isolated of adipic acid was still above 43.2%.
Preparation and Properties of Ginsenoside Rg1 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Yi Li Na , Yin Xiao Ying , Jiang Yi Fan , Liu Qing Shan
Published: July 2012

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization with ginsenoside Rg1 as the template molecule. The morphology of MIPs was characterized by scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) and its static adsorption capacity was measured by the Scatchard equation. Scatchard analysis revealed that the homogeneous binding sites were formed in the polymers. The application of MIPs with high affinity toward the template molecule might offer a novel method for the enrichment and determination of active compounds in the traditional herbal medicine.
Effect of Oil and Phenol Extraction Methods on Polyphenol Contents and Profiles of Camellia Oils (Camellia oleifera)
Authors: Long Qi Zhi , Zhong Hai Yan , Lv Jie , Cao Qing Ming , Zhou Bo , Zhu Yong
Published: July 2012

A claim of a camellia oil healthcare benefits as a result of the high amount of ‘tea polyphenol’ arises a widely discussion in China currently. A laboratory solvent extracted crude oil (SECO) and a commercial cold pressed oil (CPO) were used for evaluation of oil attributes, particularly, total phenol content (TP). Effects of different solvents on phenol extraction for phenol profile were also investigated. According to GB 11765 (a Chinese standard for camellia oil quality), acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), sensory attributes, i.e. transparency, odour and flavour of CPO met the requirements, while SECO showed turbid. TP in SECO had no significant difference compared with that in CPO, thus, the phenol profile of SECO seemed to be more complicated in comparison with that of CPO. Different solvents showed different effects on phenol profiles: low molecular alcohol aqueous solution could extract more phenolic compounds, while gallic acid as a solely compound was extracted by acetone. These factors indicate that SECO should be refined and solvent effect on phenolic compound extraction would be helpful on further research for the interested phenol fraction in camellia oil.
Ethanol Synthesis from Dimethyl Oxalate Hydrogenation on Cu/SiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Guo Wen Wen , Yin Qian Qian , Zhu Ling Jun , Wang Shu Rong
Published: July 2012

A new method of sustainable ethanol synthesis by hydrogenating dimethyl oxalate (DMO), which is easily obtained from syngas, over a Cu/SiO2catalyst is proposed based on previous works. The experimental results indicate that the Cu/SiO2catalyst exhibited a high activity under the relative mild conditions of 270°C and 2MPa with ethanol selectivity as high as 88% and extremely high DMO conversion.
Optimization of the Conditions of Supercritical CO2 Extraction for Carotenoid from Blue Algae Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wang Da Hong , Zhang Yan Fang , Yin Teng
Published: July 2012

To optimize the conditions of supercritical CO2 extraction of carotenoid, a single factorial experiment was used to study the extracting temperature, time and pressure. A three-level Box–Behnken factorial design was used with response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the three conditions. A mathematical model was then developed to show the effect of each factor and their interactions on the carotenoid yield. The single factorial experiment shows that the best extracting temperature, time and pressure are 50 0C,50 min and 25 MPa, respectively. The model estimates that a maximal caroteniod yield (0.624 mg/g) can be obtained when the conditions of temperature, time and pressure are set at 51.9 0C,61 min and 25.6MPa,repectively. The yield of carotenoid (0.621± 0.009 mg/g) from validation experiments agree with the predicted one.
Oxidation of α-Pinene with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by VO(OAc)2
Authors: Zheng Min , Tang Jian Sheng , Yin Du Lin , Xu Qiong
Published: July 2012

The oxidation of α-pinene with hydrogen peroxide, at 40°C and atmospheric pressure, using ethylene glycol dimethyl ether as solvent was carried out in the presence of VO(OAc)2. The influence of solvent, reaction temperature and catalyst dosage on catalytic activity and product selectivity was studied. The major reaction products were verbenon (45.9% selectivity at 82.9% conversion). Formation of campholenic aldehyde, myrtenal, verbenol and epoxypinane was also observed.
Optimization of Ultra-High Pressure Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Dendrobium Candidum by Response Surface Method
Authors: Tao Xue , Zhan Yao , Zhou Qiu Yan , Feng Feng Qin , Yu Yong
Published: July 2012

Ultra-high pressure extraction technique was used to extract polysaccharides from Dendrobium candidum. Extraction pressure, pressure holding time and liquid-solid ratio were found to have a significant influence on the polysaccharides extraction and were optimized by the response surface method (RSM). The obtained optimum conditions were: extraction pressure 445.28MPa, pressure holding time 6.7 minutes and liquid-solid ratio 237.91ml/g. The maximum polysaccharide yield could reach 596.75mg/g under these conditions. The ultra-high pressure extraction process was a suitable method for its higher yield and shorter extraction time compared to the water-heating extraction.
Study on Extraction of Natural Dyestuff from Lawsonia inermis
Authors: Li Hong , Liu Rui
Published: July 2012

The optimal process of extracting the natural dyestuff from Lawsonia inermis were studied. Results showed that the optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction solvent is 60% ethanol, the ratio between material and solvent is 1:20 (W/V), extraction temperature is 75°Cand extraction time is 120min.
Extraction of Ti and Ti Alloy from Titaniferous Residue Using SOM Process
Authors: Chen Chao Yi , Li Jun Qi , Lu Xiong Gang
Published: July 2012

Using process of Solid Oxygen-ion conducting Membrane (SOM), to produce Ti and Ti alloy directly from Titaniferous residue in molten CaCl2 were proposed by constant voltage (3.0～3.5V) for electrolysis 2~6h at 1100°C. The residues were ball-milled and pressed into pellets as the cathode, and the liquid copper was saturated with graphite powder and encased in YSZ tube as the anode. The results show that the content of Ti increase with electrolytic time, the characteristic morphology present as granule. Ti-Fe alloy is obtained from Ti-Fe residue during electrolysis 6h. For Ti -rich residue, when the forming pressure of pellets from 6MPa decrease to 3MPa, only electrolysis for 4h can completely remove the oxygen, and pure Ti is obtained for electrolysis 6h, this is an unprecedented finding.
Analysis of Volatile Oils Extracted from “Spring No. 1” by GC-MS: A New Cultivar Obtained by Cross-Breeding of Amomum Villosum Lour.
Authors: Zhang Dan Yan , Zheng Shao Yan , Chen Yi Long , Li Shi Jie , Ouyang Xiao Ni
Published: July 2012

In this paper we first report the chemical composition of the volatile oils of the new hybrid (Spring No.1) obtained by cross-breeding of Amomum villosum Lour. The essential oil was laboratory-extracted from the seeds of the new hybrid by hydrodistillation. The average composition as single components for all the oils analyzed is reported. Moreover, the data obtained were statistically analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The amount of the major compounds of the new hybrid (Spring No.1) were bornyl acetate (30.54 %), camphor (22.3 %), limonene (8.28 %), camphene (6.71 %), β-Caryophyllene (5.14 %), β-myrcene (4.74 %), borneol (3.1 %), etc. It can be concluded that the major chemical constituents of essential oil in the new hybrid (Spring No.1) are terpenes. The volatile oils of the new hybrid analyzed have potential commercial value because they could be an acceptable alternative to the valuable volatile oils of Amomum villosum Lour.
Ultrasonic Assisted Multistage Countercurrent Extraction of Ginsenosides from Panax quiquefolium L.
Authors: Chen Yun , Li Jian Ming , Zhang Li Juan , Qian Yu , Yang Si Yu
Published: July 2012

Ultrasonic assisted multistage countercurrent extraction technique of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1, and Rg2 from Panax quiquefolium L. was developed in this paper. It provides the analytic technique to determine simultaneously the seven major ginsenosides. The effects of ethanol concentration, ratio of liquid to solid, extraction temperature and extraction time on the extraction yields of the seven ginsenosides and total ginsenosides from Panax quiquefolium L.were investigated. The optimal process condition of ultrasonic assisted four-stage countercurrent extraction (4-UAMSCCE) was found using orthogonal array experimental design technique: 70% (v/v) ethanol solution, liquid: solid ratio of 10 ml/g, extraction temperature 45°C and extraction time 30 min. Under optimum process condition, the extraction efficiency of 4-UAMSCCE had been compared with those of conventional techniques including heat distillation extraction (HDE), ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), four-stage countercurrent extraction (4-MSCCE). Results show that the 4-UAMSCCE offers the highest ginsenosides extraction rate and considerable savings in time, energy and solvent consumption.
Determination of Overall Mass Transfer Coefficient for 6-Gingerol and 6-Shagoal in Subcritical Water Extraction
Authors: Md Sarip Mohd Sharizan , Morad Noor Azian
Published: July 2012

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is introduced in the extraction of ginger bioactive compounds, namely 6-gingerol and 6-shagoal. The extraction mechanism is identified using mass transfer coefficient model. The overall mass transfer coefficient, k or driving force for each compound is measured through experimental determination. Compound identification and analysis iss conducted using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The k value for 6-gingerol and 6-shagoal under optimized condition (130°C, 3.5MPa) of 28:3 (ml:g) solvent to sample ratio are 0.02849 cm/min and 0.04873 cm/min, respectively.
The Research of Impact Factor of Aflatoxins in Oil-Tea Camellia Seed and Oil-Tea Camellia Seed Cake
Authors: Luo Fan , Fei Xue Qian
Published: July 2012

Through sampling from production enterprise, and testing methods design, the risk of aflatoxin contamination of Camellia oleifera seed was explored. It was proved that the chance of aflatoxin contamination is very small, for mainly processing happened in wintry and spring. After 7 days, 14 and 21 days artificial inoculation, the aflatoxin B1 in the cake was 1.7, 3.6 and 9.9 μg/kg, respectively, while the quality in camellia benevolence was 2.6, 1.8 μg/kg and below the detection limit 0.2 μg/kg. The results explained that Camellia oleifera seed can be untainted by aflatoxin in hot and humid climate conditions. The study answered the question whether the Camellia oleifera seed could be contaminated by aflatoxin, which wa an unresolved problem for a long-term. Also the conclusion was a warning for the safety of storage and production of Camellia oleifera seed in high temperature seasons.
Determination of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Furfural in Soft Beverages by HPLC
Authors: Zhang Yu Yu , Song Yi , Hu Xiao Song , Liao Xiao Jun , Ni Yuan Ying , Li Quan Hong
Published: July 2012

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural (F) could be formed in soft beverages of rich sugar during process, and often used as an index of heat treatment. HMF was also considered as potentially carcinogenic to humans. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine HMF and F contents of 26 soft beverage samples. The HMF contents were in a range 0.17-8.26 mg/L for 11 carbonated beverages, 0.37-22.23 mg/L for 8 fruit juice beverages and 0.05-1.63 mg/L for 7 tea beverages. The F contents were in a range 0.87-6.78 mg/L for 8 fruit juice beverages, but lower than 0.39 mg/L and 0.37 mg/L for 11 carbonated and 7 tea beverages, respectively. The highest contents of HMF and F were 22.23 mg/L and 6.78 mg/L. The contents of HMF and F in the group of tea beverage were the lowest among three groups of beverage samples.
Facile Fabrication of Silver Dendrites by Different Electrodeposition Methods
Authors: Li Zong Mu
Published: July 2012

Three classical electrochemical techniques such as the pulsed potentiostatic method, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic method were used to study the Ag morphology on glassy carbon disk electrode. The results of the three electrochemical methods were compared and the possible formation mechanism of fractal phenomena was discussed. It was found that cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic method are mild, convenient, fast and efficient method to prepare silver fractal structures.
Study on Kinetics Behavior of PbO2/Pb(II) Couple in Graphite Felt Electrode
Authors: Bi Xiao Guo , Liu Xu Dong , Niu Wei , Dong Ying Nan
Published: July 2012

This paper described the liquid flow battery system with graphite felt electrode and a single electrolyte, lead(II)in methanesulfonic acid. The kinetics and cyclic voltammetry behavior effects of PbO2/Pb(II) couple were studied. The results show that the equilibrium electrode potential PbO2/Pb(II) couple with good kinetics behavior was 1.21V. The cyclic voltammetry behavior of PbO2/Pb(II) couple on graphite felt electrode was studied, and the oxidization and reduction peak potentials were 1.547V and 1.241V, respectively. The graphite felt treated with sulfuric acid showed good electro-catalytic activity for PbO2/Pb(II) couple.
Preparation of Li3V2(PO4)3/C Cathode Material Enhance Performance for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhe , Ruan Yan Li , Qi Ping Ping , Qian Meng Liang
Published: July 2012

Due to the high stability and potential characteristics to the economical and environmental, the Li3V2(PO4)3increased the global concern on the polyanionic materials. In this work, we using Li2CO3, V2O5, NH4H2PO4 and PEG as raw materials to compared the flow phase reaction and high temperature solid state synthesis of lithium vanadium phosphate composites. The results of this study can be considered in making decision which conditions of achieved precipitation of carbon source can be efficiently applied in a real Electrochemical performance manufactory. The obtained results indicated that using Glucose as carbon source, and calcined at 800 °C, 0.1C rate current conditions, high temperature solid state sintering of lithium vanadium phosphate composites for the first time following a discharge capacity of 119.31mAh/g, which has a good reusability performance.
Featuring Functional Component Groups of Sustainable Solid Waste Material on Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Shawal Nasri N. , Hamza Usman Dadum , Adilah Abdul K. , Murtala Ahmed M.
Published: July 2012

The abundant biomass from palm oils can be converted into valuable product via pyrolysis process. In this research, the pyrolysis of sustainable oil palm solid waste, empty fruit bunch (EFB), was performed using a static batch reactor in a tubular furnace. The bio-solid waste material obtained was treated with hydrophobic solution (methyl ester) and then impregnated with bio-oil substrate obtained from the pyrolysis. The modified bio-solid waste material was then tested for carbon dioxide capture. SEM results indicated presence uniform and sticky-like material on the surface when further treated with bio-oil substrate. Though, TGA results indicated that addition of hydrophobic solution and bio-oil reduced the thermal stability of the EFB bio-solid. At higher temperature of 150 – 3500C bio-oil impregnated sample indicated little amount of volatile components with carbon residue of 85.39%. The FTIR results of the hydrphobic impregnated bio-solid waste indicated a unique broad peak among all the samples at 620.05cm-1which shows the presence of bending stretch carbon dioxide. This shows that bio-oil modified bio-solid char obtained from EFB has the capabity of capturing CO2.
Soil Organic Carbon Pools under Different Land Use Patterns along Dongjiang River Valley of Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Lu , Sun Dong , Su Zhi Yao
Published: July 2012

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and density (SOCD) were studied under six land use patterns of Natural forest, Schima superba plantation, Coniferous forest, Bamboo forest, Orchard, and Abandoned land in the Dongjiang River valley of Guandong province, China. The results showed that surface soil (0~25 cm) organic carbon content and soil organic carbon density had significant difference (P -1) > Schima superba planted forest (21.1±0.79 g•kg-1) > Bamboo (20.9±0.53 g•kg-1) > Coniferous forest (15.65±0.93 g•kg-1) > Orchard (15.22±0.61 g•kg-1) > Abandoned land (8.69±0.38 g•kg-1), and Natural forest (67.16±2.31 kg•m-2) > Bamboo (60.08±1.53 kg•m-2) > Schima superba plantation (52.8±1.86 kg•m-2) > Coniferous forest (47.17±2.66 kg•m-2) > Orchard (43.03±1.56 kg•m-2) > Abandoned land (31.48±1.2 kg•m-2), respectively. Natural forest was the highest in both soil organic carbon content and soil organic carbon density, and Abandoned land the lowest. The findings suggested that a close-to-nature way of afforestation and forest management played an important role in increasing forest carbon sinks.