bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking Faith: Religion, Americanism, and Civil Rights in Postwar Milwaukee
Authors: Smith Kevin D.
Published: January 2010

This article employs an in-depth examination of 1950s confessional Lutherans and Congregationalists in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to argue that the roots of the late-twentieth-century “culture wars” can be found at the local level in Americans’ response to the international and domestic challenges that arose during and after World War II rather than in the 1970s rise of a politically active Religious Right. The fight against Nazi and Soviet totalitarianism, along with the postwar struggle for racial equality, forced Americans to redefine the moral principles for which their nation stood. The result was the development of broad-based, intradenominational divisions between those who argued that individuals should accommodate themselves to prevailing religious, political, and socioeconomic structures and those who urged the accommodation of these structures to the needs of diverse individuals. This new religious alignment turned less on denominationally specific tribal, liturgical, and theological differences than on polarized understandings of the sacred and the secular.

This realignment operated on two planes. On the right, the Missouri Synod joined other denominations, such as the founders of the National Association of Evangelicals, in attempting to overcome sectarian strife among orthodox believers and to inject their religious faith into the public discourse. On the left, as Congregational proponents of faith-based social action and ecumenism helped to lay a foundation for liberal religion's leading role in the civil rights and antiwar movements of the 1960s and 1970s, they alienated more traditionalist members who viewed these activities as inappropriate for a religious institution.
Mourning Becomes Hers: Women, Tradition, and Memory Albums
Authors: Wills Anne Blue
Published: January 2010

In 1987, two women hatched a business plan that became Creative Memories, a direct-marketing company that sells scrapbook materials and techniques to a mostly female clientele through a worldwide network of sales consultants. By the beginning of the new millennium, millions of people had participated in Creative Memories workshops. Many successful imitators also flooded the crafting market with specialized publications, Web sites, tools, and materials, creating an industry worth $2.55 billion by 2004.

As significant as the economic impact of scrapbooking is, however, the claims of importance made by its practitioners rate closer examination. Promising to keep photos safe from deterioration, Creative Memories also sold a worldview, reflected across the industry, that such preservation is essential to human flourishing. Such a claim invites considerations both of how the promoters of memory-keeping envision its working and how memory-keepers themselves distinctively shape their practice. This article takes the view that album-making constitutes a kind of innovative female meaning-making (that is, religion) shaped, in part, by American-style Common Sense epistemology while also reflecting what we might call a sidelong feminism, in which a woman expresses agency, claims her voice, and declares the complexity of her full humanity, all by using modes that, on the surface, appear compliant with patriarchy. This article also uses certain notions of religious testimony to gauge the space between the Common Sense project of the album-making industry and the results produced by album-makers themselves.
Resistance to epinephrine and hypersensitivity (hyperresponsiveness) to CB1 antagonists in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ic
Authors: Al-Salameh Abdallah , Despert F , Kottler Marie-Laure , Linglart Agnès , Carel Jean-Claude , Lecomte Pierre
Published: January 2010

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) covers a heterogeneous group of disorders, which have in common resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, they differ in many aspects such as site of the defect in signal transduction, clinical picture (with or without Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO)), extension of hormone resistance, and the tissue activity of protein Gs. PHP type Ic, a rare subtype, is characterized by resistance to several hormones, the presence of AHO, and normal activity of protein Gs. We present the case of a patient with PHP type Ic. Although resistance to TSH was suggested at the age of 12 months, diagnosis was made when she presented with hypocalcemia and resistance to PTH. Resistance to GH was also detected, and partial resistance to gonadotropins became clear after puberty. We demonstrated a defective lipolytic response to epinephrine, suggesting a role of this resistance in the pathogenesis of her morbid obesity. In view of the difficulties in the management of overweight in this disorder, treatment with a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonist was started, and it proved to be highly effective, lowering the patient's body mass index from 40.5 to 33.5, which was quite impressive. We propose that an underactive melanocortin-4 receptor, which is found in certain patients with PHP, leads to upregulation of the CB1 receptor and consequently to a good response to treatment with CB1 antagonists. Another interesting finding was the GNAS mutation that was identified in this patient. A nonsense mutation resulted in a truncated Gsa that was able to stimulate adenylyl cyclase efficiently, but could not bind to receptors in a normal way.
Management of women who decline blood and blood products in pregnancy
Authors: Currie Jane , Hogg Matthew , Patel Nandinee , Madgwick Karen , Yoong Wai
Published: January 2010

Women decline blood products in pregnancy for religious reasons or because of concerns regarding their safety.

Mortality is significantly increased in pregnant women who decline blood products.

Antenatal counselling and planning must involve a senior multidisciplinary team.

Considerable efforts are needed to optimise pre‐delivery haemoglobin and identify risk factors for haemorrhage.

Intrapartum techniques to avoid blood transfusion include cell salvage and early recourse to definitive surgical management in the event of massive obstetric haemorrhage.

Learning objectives:

To understand the reasons why women decline blood and blood products in pregnancy and how this impacts on their health.

To understand the law relating to women who decline treatment in pregnancy.

To learn how to make the most of antenatal care opportunities.

To be able to plan labour and postpartum care.

To review the differences in managing massive obstetric haemorrhage between women who decline blood products and those who do not.

Ethical issues:

Women's autonomy can be supported with accurate information and empathic counselling.

Given real concerns regarding the safety and availability of donor blood transfusion, should blood conservation techniques in obstetrics be applied to all women?

Please cite this article as: Currie J, Hogg M, Patel N, Madgwick K, Yoong W. Management of women who decline blood and blood products in pregnancy. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:13–20.
Contrasting Paradigms for Fisheries Management Decision Making: How Well Do They Serve Data-Poor Fisheries?
Authors: Bentley Nokome , Stokes Kevin
Published: January 2010

We contrast two paradigms for fisheries management decision making: the “assessment” paradigm, which is based around stock assessments, and the “procedural” paradigm, which is based around management procedures. The assessment paradigm has difficulty in providing management for data-poor stocks, and we illustrate this in the New Zealand context. In contrast, the procedural paradigm has the potential to be useful for the data-poor stocks. However, to date, it has not served data-poor fisheries well because most of the development of management procedures has been for high-value, data-rich stocks. This may be because several aspects of the procedural paradigm are misunderstood or neglected. Giving appropriate attention to these aspects will improve the application of fisheries management procedures, particularly for data-poor stocks. For example, more attention needs to be given to the method for presenting evaluation results to decision makers in ways that more easily allow them to make trade-offs among multiple management objectives. We also argue that the design, evaluation, and selection of management procedures should be treated as an exercise in engineering, particularly by applying generic solutions to data-poor cases for which specific solutions are usually not readily developed.
Moving Fisheries from Data-Poor to Data-Sufficient: Evaluating the Costs of Management versus the Benefits of Management
Authors: Bentley Nokome , Stokes Kevin
Published: January 2010

The data-poor status of a fishery usually occurs because the fishery is low in value and as such has the lowest priority for funding. However, there is often no formal evaluation of the cost of data collection versus the benefits it brings. In this article, we describe how the costs and benefits of data collection can be evaluated within the context of fisheries management procedures. Based on a data-poor fishery in New Zealand, we illustrate how to evaluate the utility associated with simple management procedures that incorporate no monitoring, fixed monitoring, or adaptive monitoring. We demonstrate that it is feasible to do formal evaluations of alternative data collection regimes by including their costs in a utility function that incorporates other performance measures. Our particular example demonstrates the potential benefits of monitoring even in low-value fisheries and shows, in principle, the gains that can be made through the use of management procedures that include adaptive monitoring.
Interdisciplinary Craniofacial Teams Compared with Individual Providers: Is Orofacial Cleft Care more Comprehensive and Do Parents Perceive Better Outcomes?
Authors: Austin April A. , Druschel Charlotte M. , Tyler Margaret C. , Romitti Paul A. , West Imara I. , Damiano Peter C. , Robbins James M. , Burnett Whitney
Published: January 2010

Objective

The primary objective was to examine whether children with orofacial clefts received more comprehensive care and whether their parents perceived better outcomes if the care was delivered by interdisciplinary teams compared with individual providers.

Design

Data about services received and outcomes were collected from mothers of children with orofacial clefts.

Participants

Mothers of children born between 1998 and 2003 with orofacial clefts from Arkansas, Iowa, and New York who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study were eligible.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Services and treatments received and maternal perception of cleft care, health status, aesthetics, and speech were evaluated by team care status.

Results

Of 253 children, 24% were not receiving team care. Of those with cleft lip and palate, 86% were enrolled in team care. Compared with children with team care, those without had fewer surgeries and were less likely to have seen a dentist, received a hearing test, or had a genetic consultation. Mothers of children lacking team care were twice as likely to give lower ratings for overall cleft care; maternal perceptions of global health, facial appearance, and speech did not differ by team care status.

Conclusions

Recommended care tended to be received more often among those with team care. A larger, longitudinal study might answer questions about whether team care provides the best care and the role that type and severity of the condition and racial/ethnic differences play in the services received and outcomes experienced.
Perceived Determinants of Mental Health for Bisexual People: A Qualitative Examination
Authors: Ross Lori E. , Dobinson Cheryl , Eady Allison
Published: January 2010

Objectives. We examined the determinants of mental health, as perceived by bisexual people, in order to begin understanding the disparities in the rates of mental health problems reported by bisexual people versus those reported by heterosexual people, and, in many studies, gay men and lesbians.

Methods. Our community-based participatory action research project comprised focus groups and semistructured interviews with 55 bisexual people across the province of Ontario, Canada.

Results. Perceived determinants of emotional well-being identified by participants could be classified as macrolevel (social structure), mesolevel (interpersonal), or microlevel (individual). In the context of this framework, monosexism and biphobia were perceived to exert a broad-reaching impact on participants' mental health.

Conclusions. Like other marginalized populations, bisexual people perceive experiences of discrimination as important determinants of mental health problems. Additional research is required to examine the relationships between these perceived determinants of emotional well-being and specific mental health outcomes and to guide interventions, advocacy, and support for bisexual people.
Impact of Cognitive Impairment on Screening Mammography Use in Older US Women
Authors: Mehta Kala M. , Fung Kathy Z. , Kistler Christine E. , Chang Anna , Walter Louise C.
Published: January 2010

Objectives. We evaluated mammography rates for cognitively impaired women in the context of their life expectancies, given that guidelines do not recommend screening mammography in women with limited life expectancies because harms outweigh benefits.

Methods. We evaluated Medicare claims for women aged 70 years or older from the 2002 wave of the Health and Retirement Study to determine which women had screening mammography. We calculated population-based estimates of 2-year screening mammography prevalence and 4-year survival by cognitive status and age.

Results. Women with severe cognitive impairment had lower rates of mammography (18%) compared with women with normal cognition (45%). Nationally, an estimated 120 000 screening mammograms were performed among women with severe cognitive impairment despite this group's median survival of 3.3 years (95% confidence interval = 2.8, 3.7). Cognitively impaired women who had high net worth and were married had screening rates approaching 50%.

Conclusions. Although severe cognitive impairment is associated with lower screening mammography rates, certain subgroups with cognitive impairment are often screened despite lack of probable benefit. Given the limited life expectancy of women with severe cognitive impairment, guidelines should explicitly recommend against screening these women.
Effect of Economic Assets on Sexual Risk-Taking Intentions Among Orphaned Adolescents in Uganda
Authors: Ssewamala Fred M. , Han Chang-Keun , Neilands Torsten B. , Ismayilova Leyla , Sperber Elizabeth
Published: January 2010

Objectives. We examined the effect of economic assets on sexual risk-taking intentions among school-going AIDS-orphaned adolescents in rural Uganda.

Methods. AIDS-orphaned adolescents from 15 comparable schools were randomly assigned to control (n = 133) or treatment (n = 127) conditions. Treatment participants received child savings accounts, workshops, and mentorship. This economic intervention was in addition to the traditional care and support services for school-going orphaned adolescents (counseling and school supplies) provided to both treatment and control groups. Adolescents in the treatment condition were compared with adolescents in the control condition at baseline and at 10 months after the intervention.

Results. After control for sociodemographic factors, child-caregiver/parental communication, and peer pressure, adolescents in the economic intervention group reported a significant reduction in sexual risk-taking intentions compared with adolescents in the control condition.

Conclusions. The findings indicate that in Uganda, a country devastated by poverty and disease (including HIV/AIDS), having access to economic assets plays an important role in influencing adolescents' sexual risk-taking intentions. These findings have implications for the care and support of orphaned adolescents, especially in poor African countries devastated by poverty and sexually transmitted diseases.
Obesity Stigma: Important Considerations for Public Health
Authors: Puhl Rebecca M. , Heuer Chelsea A.
Published: January 2010

Stigma and discrimination toward obese persons are pervasive and pose numerous consequences for their psychological and physical health. Despite decades of science documenting weight stigma, its public health implications are widely ignored. Instead, obese persons are blamed for their weight, with common perceptions that weight stigmatization is justifiable and may motivate individuals to adopt healthier behaviors. We examine evidence to address these assumptions and discuss their public health implications. On the basis of current findings, we propose that weight stigma is not a beneficial public health tool for reducing obesity. Rather, stigmatization of obese individuals threatens health, generates health disparities, and interferes with effective obesity intervention efforts. These findings highlight weight stigma as both a social justice issue and a priority for public health.
Herpes Zoster and Exposure to the Varicella Zoster Virus in an Era of Varicella Vaccination
Authors: Donahue James G. , Kieke Burney A. , Gargiullo Paul M. , Jumaan Aisha O. , Berger Nicholas R. , McCauley Jeremy S. , Belongia Edward A.
Published: January 2010

Objectives. We performed a case–control study to determine if participants with herpes zoster had fewer contacts with persons with varicella or zoster, and with young children, to explore the hypothesis that exposure to persons with varicella zoster virus (VZV) results in “immune boosting.”

Methods. Participants were patients of the multispecialty Marshfield Clinic in Wisconsin. We identified patients aged 40 to 79 years with a new diagnosis of zoster from August 2000 to July 2005. We frequency matched control participants to case participants for age. We confirmed diagnoses by chart review and assessed exposures by interview.

Results. Interviews were completed by 633 of 902 eligible case participants (70.2%) and 655 of 1149 control participants (57.0%). The number of varicella contacts was not associated with zoster; there was no trend even at the highest exposure level (3 or more contacts). Similarly, there was no association with exposure to persons with zoster or to children, or with workplace exposures.

Conclusions. Although exposure to VZV in our study was relatively low, the absence of a relationship with zoster reflects the uncertain influence of varicella circulation on zoster epidemiology.
The Relationship Between Discrimination and Substance Use Disorders Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the United States
Authors: McCabe Sean Esteban , Bostwick Wendy B. , Hughes Tonda L. , West Brady T. , Boyd Carol J.
Published: January 2010

Objectives. We examined the associations between 3 types of discrimination (sexual orientation, race, and gender) and substance use disorders in a large national sample in the United States that included 577 lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults.

Methods. Data were collected from wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, which used structured diagnostic face-to-face interviews.

Results. More than two thirds of LGB adults reported at least 1 type of discrimination in their lifetimes. Multivariate analyses indicated that the odds of past-year substance use disorders were nearly 4 times greater among LGB adults who reported all 3 types of discrimination prior to the past year than for LGB adults who did not report discrimination (adjusted odds ratio = 3.85; 95% confidence interval = 1.71, 8.66).

Conclusions. Health professionals should consider the role multiple types of discrimination plays in the development and treatment of substance use disorders among LGB adults.
The California Stem Cell Initiative: Persuasion, Politics, and Public Science
Authors: Adelson Joel W. , Weinberg Joanna K.
Published: January 2010

The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) was created by a California ballot initiative to make stem cell research a constitutional right, in response to Bush administration restrictions on stem cell research. The initiative created a taxpayer-funded, multibillion-dollar institution, intended to advance public health by developing cures and treatments for diabetes, cancer, paralysis, and other conditions. The initiative has been highly controversial among stakeholders and watchdog groups concerned with organizational transparency, accountability, and the ethics of stem cell research. We interviewed major stakeholders—both supporters and opponents—and analyzed documents and meeting notes. We found that the CIRM has overcome start-up challenges, been selectively influenced by criticism, and adhered to its core mission.
The Impact of Institutional Discrimination on Psychiatric Disorders in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations: A Prospective Study
Authors: Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , McLaughlin Katie A. , Keyes Katherine M. , Hasin Deborah S.
Published: January 2010

Objectives. We examined the relation between living in states that instituted bans on same-sex marriage during the 2004 and 2005 elections and the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations.

Methods. We used data from wave 1 (2001–2002) and wave 2 (2004–2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 34 653), a longitudinal, nationally representative study of noninstitutionalized US adults.

Results. Psychiatric disorders defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, increased significantly between waves 1 and 2 among LGB respondents living in states that banned gay marriage for the following outcomes: any mood disorder (36.6% increase), generalized anxiety disorder (248.2% increase), any alcohol use disorder (41.9% increase), and psychiatric comorbidity (36.3% increase). These psychiatric disorders did not increase significantly among LGB respondents living in states without constitutional amendments. Additionally, we found no evidence for increases of the same magnitude among heterosexuals living in states with constitutional amendments.

Conclusions. Living in states with discriminatory policies may have pernicious consequences for the mental health of LGB populations. These findings lend scientific support to recent efforts to overturn these policies.
International Conference on Population and Development at 15 Years: Achieving Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights for All?
Authors: Roseman Mindy Jane , Reichenbach Laura
Published: January 2010

Sexual and reproductive health remains the contentious concept it was at the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), held in Cairo, Egypt.

In light of the recent 15-year review of ICPD, we suggest several areas where advocates, practitioners, and researchers can inform future progress for sexual and reproductive health. These include the following: improving measurement and accountability related to the evidence base for sexual and reproductive health, indicators of program success, and the tracking of resource flows; creating and renewing alliances to strengthen advocacy; and employing new resource mobilization strategies.

Given the 20-year goals established at ICPD, now is the time to move toward finally achieving the sexual and reproductive health and rights agenda.
Information Systems in Teacher Preparation Programs: What Can we Learn from A 5-Year Longitudinal Case Study of an Electronic Portfolio Database?
Authors: Swan Gerry
Published: January 2010

In 2003, a portfolio system was implemented to manage the data associated with the field experiences in a teacher education program at a research institution in the southeast region of the United States. In this longitudinal study, the implementation trends from usage data extracted from the system are used to discuss the implications for the use of the system in terms of how it “fits” within the organizational structure. This analysis is framed by concepts related to the implementation of Management Information Systems (Markus & Robey, 1988) and diffusion of innovation (Rogers, 2003). Findings suggest that decentralized environments result in higher degrees of reinvention.
Sustaining Asynchronous Online Discussions: Contributing Factors and Peer Facilitation Techniques
Authors: Ng Connie Siew Ling , Cheung Wing Sum , Hew Khe Foon
Published: January 2010

This study examined the factors and peer facilitation techniques that influenced students' participation in sustained asynchronous online discussion. A case study approach was used, with data collected through interviews, questionnaires, and online discussion transcripts. The findings revealed that factors such as interesting topic, familiarity with topic, and limited time influenced students' participation in online discussions. Peer facilitation techniques that students perceived to influence their choice of discussion threads to participate in included techniques such as “thanking others” and “encouraging contribution.” Interestingly, the order of perceived impact of these peer facilitation techniques and the actual order of frequency of usage of these techniques in the online discussions, as observed in the online discussion transcripts, was not the same. Reasons for this discrepancy were discussed.
From Apartheid to Neoliberalism: Health Equity in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Baker Peter A.
Published: January 2010

In 1994, the African National Congress (ANC) won South Africa's first ever democratic election. It inherited a health service that was indelibly marked with the inequities of the apartheid era, highly privatized and distorted toward the hospital needs of urban Whites. The ANC's manifesto promised major improvements, but this study finds only two significant health equity improvements: (1) primary care had funding increased by 83 percent and was better staffed; and (2) health care workers became significantly more race-representative of the population. These improvements, however, were outweighed by equity losses in the deteriorating public-private mix. Policy analysis of the elite actors attributes this failure to the dominance of the Treasury's neoliberal macroeconomic policy (GEAR), which severely limited any increases in public spending. The ANC's nationalist ideology underpinned GEAR and many of the health equity decisions. It united the ANC, international capital, African elites, and White capital in a desire for an African economic renaissance. And it swept the population along with it, becoming the new hegemonic ideology. As this study finds, the successful policies were those that could be made a part of this active hegemonic reformation, symbolically celebrating African nationalism, and did not challenge the interests of the major actors.
Forecasting of Short-Term Electric Load Using Application of Wavelets with Feed-Forward Neural Networks
Authors: Pindoriya N.M. , Singh S.N. , Singh S.K.
Published: January 2010

An accurate and efficient Short-Term Load Forecasting (STLF) plays a vital role for economic operational planning of both regulated and restructured power systems. This paper presents the STLF models by introducing wavelet transforms, in different ways, with feed-forward Neural Networks (NNs). First, a wavelet-based NN is modeled, where the forecasting has been accomplished in three-stages and the wavelet technique is employed to decompose/reconstruct the original signals and non-linearity of the decomposed signals. Second, an Adaptive Wavelet Neural Network (AWNN) is modeled, which is a new class of NN with continuous wavelet function as the hidden layer node's activation function. Unlike the first model, AWNN does not externally decompose/ reconstruct the original signals and, therefore, this model deals with the problem related to loss of high frequency information that might occur in the wavelet-based NN model. AWNN continuously updates the wavelet parameters (translation and dilation) and layer weights through a back-propagation training algorithm as in classical NNs. The performances of these two models are compared with Multi-Layer Perceptron NN (MLPNN) with the application of day-ahead and hour-ahead load forecasting in the California electricity market. The results are also compared with California Independent System Operator (CAISO)'s forecasted system loads. It is found that due to faster and accurate training capability, AWNN outperforms the MLPNN, wavelet-based NN and CAISO load forecasts.
Classification of Power Quality Disturbances Using Parzen Kernels
Authors: Mohanty Mihir Narayan , Kumar Vinay , Routray Aurobinda , Kabisatpathy Prithviraj
Published: January 2010

A novel method is proposed in this paper for the classification of power quality disturbances using a Probabilistic Neural Network with a Parzen kernel. An attempt has been made to solve the problem as a pattern classification problem in which there is a normal class and a series of abnormal classes. The traditional parametric techniques of pattern classification can't be employed due to unknown parameters of the density functions displayed by the extracted features of the signal. Hence non-parametric pattern classification method was to be adopted and Parzen kernel being used. Parzen kernel is one of the most famous non-parametric techniques and has been a good choice for this purpose with its ease of implementation and good accuracy level. The time varying nature of the probability densities are adaptively identified by Parzen windows. Experimental results have been presented for establishing the efficacy of the method as a tool to automate the Power Quality Classification problem. Various kinds of signals such as Sag, Swell, Momentary flicker, Harmonics were generated and subjected to the above classification scheme. A detailed study on the accuracy and performance of the proposed algorithm has been made with variations in parameters such as the number of training samples and the variance of the Gaussian kernel used.
Evaluation of short- and long-term complications after endoscopically assisted gastropexy in dogs
Authors: Dujowich Mauricio , Keller Mattew E. , Reimer S. Brent
Published: January 2010

Objective—To determine short- and long-term complications in clinically normal dogs after endoscopically assisted gastropexy.

Design—Prospective case series.

Animals—24 dogs.

Procedures—Endoscopically assisted gastropexy was performed on each dog. Dogs were evaluated laparoscopically at 1 or 6 months after surgery to assess integrity of the gastropexy. Long-term outcome was determined via telephone conversations conducted with owners ≥ 1 year after surgery.

Results—Mean ± SD gastropexy length was 4.5 ± 0.9 cm, and mean duration of surgery was 22 ± 5 minutes. One dog had a partially rotated stomach at the time of insufflation, which was corrected by untwisting the stomach with Babcock forceps. Two dogs vomited within 4 weeks after surgery, but the vomiting resolved in both dogs. Four dogs had diarrhea within 4 weeks after surgery, which resolved without medical intervention. In all dogs, the gastropexy site was firmly adhered to the abdominal wall at the level of the pyloric antrum. Long-term follow-up information was available for 23 dogs, none of which had any episodes of gastric dilatation-volvulus a mean of 1.4 years after gastropexy.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Endoscopically assisted gastropexy can be a simple, fast, safe, and reliable method for performing prophylactic gastropexy in dogs. At 1 and 6 months after gastropexy, adequate placement and adhesion of the gastropexy site to the body wall was confirmed. Such a procedure could maximize the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, such as decreases in morbidity rate and anesthetic time. This technique appeared to be suitable as an alternative to laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy.
Effects of glucosamine–chondroitin sulfate supplementation on serum fructosamine concentration in healthy dogs
Authors: Lenox Catherine E. , Lunn Katharine F.
Published: January 2010

Objective—To determine whether short-term administration of an oral glucosamine–chondroitin sulfate (Glu-CS) supplement alters serum fructosamine concentration in healthy dogs.

Design—Prospective crossover study.

Animals—12 healthy adult dogs.

Procedures—Dogs received Glu-CS and a placebo for 3 weeks each, with a 4-week minimum washout period between treatments. Serum fructosamine concentration was measured 4 times for each dog: prior to the first treatment period, at the end of the first treatment period, at the end of the washout period, and at the end of the second treatment period.

Results—No significant change in serum fructosamine concentration was identified after treatment with either Glu-CS or the placebo. The change in serum fructosamine concentration associated with Glu-CS administration was not significantly different from the change in concentration associated with administration of the placebo.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that in healthy dogs, short-term (ie, 21 days) oral Glu-CS administration does not affect glycemic control or cause diabetes mellitus.
Outcome of minimally invasive surgical treatment of heartworm caval syndrome in dogs: 42 cases (1999–2007)
Authors: Bové Christina M. , Gordon Sonya G. , Saunders Ashley B. , Miller Matthew W. , Roland Risa M. , Achen Sarah E. , Drourr Lori T. , Boggess May M.
Published: January 2010

Objective—To report the outcome of minimally invasive surgical treatment of heartworm caval syndrome in a series of dogs and to provide information on long-term survival of patients with this condition.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—42 client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of heartworm caval syndrome.

Procedures—Information on history, clinical, laboratory, and diagnostic imaging findings and treatment was obtained from medical records. When possible, additional follow-up information was obtained through telephone interviews with referring veterinarians and owners.

Results—Of the 42 dogs with caval syndrome, 21 underwent minimally invasive surgical treatment consisting of transvenous heartworm extraction. Two of the 21 dogs died during the procedure, and after surgery, 4 died. Following induction of anesthesia, heartworms migrated into the distal portion of the pulmonary artery in 1 dog; therefore, extraction was not attempted. Transvenous heartworm extraction was completed successfully in 14 dogs, and all 14 of these dogs were discharged from the hospital. Mean follow-up time in these 14 dogs was 24.4 ± 17.7 months with a range of 2 to 56 months. At the time of final follow-up, 10 of these 14 dogs had survived at least 18 months and 7 had survived > 24 months. By the end of the study, 1 dog was lost to follow-up and 3 had been euthanatized for unrelated reasons.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the study reported here suggest that dogs with caval syndrome that undergo successful transvenous heartworm extraction and survive to discharge have a good long-term prognosis.
Coining Compounds and Derivations - A Crosslinguistic Elicitation Study of Word-Formation Abilities of Preschool Children and Adults in Polish and English
Authors: Haman Ewa , Zevenbergen Andrea , Andrus Melissa , Chmielewska Marta
Published: January 2010

Coining Compounds and Derivations - A Crosslinguistic Elicitation Study of Word-Formation Abilities of Preschool Children and Adults in Polish and English

This paper examines word-formation abilities in coining compounds and derivatives in preschool children and adult speakers of two languages (English and Polish) differing in overall word-formation productivity and in favoring of particular word-formation patterns (compounding vs. derivation). An elicitation picture naming task was designed to assess these abilities across a range of word-formation categories. Adult speakers demonstrated well-developed word-formation skills in patterns both typical and non-typical for their native language. In contrast with adult results, preschool children predominantly coined innovations conforming to the general pattern of their language: Polish children favoring derivation and American children favoring compounding. The results show that although children are improving their wordformation skills during the preschool years, they need much more experience to come to the mature proficiency in using the variety of word-formation patterns available in their language.
Changes in Metaphor Comprehension in Children
Authors: Dryll Ewa
Published: January 2010

Changes in Metaphor Comprehension in Children

The aim of the study was to follow the implicit patterns in children's responses to metaphor describing human by means of a name of animal. The main problem in present study was: which traits of topic (human) would be spontaneously used by children from three age groups? The study followed a quasi-experimental design. The subjects were 77 children from three age groups: 5;6-6;0, 8;0-8;6, 9;6-10;0. The dependent variable: the level of comprehension of 18 metaphors with vehicles from the animal domain and one topic - human. The variable was measured through individual Piagetian interviews. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the ability to activate metaphorical thinking in order to describe human attributes increases with age, with a turning point around 8 year of life. The traits mentioned by subjects could be classified into five categories: unambiguous evaluations, physical features, behavior, behavioral traits, dispositions (intellectual, emotional, communion) and agency. Older children assigned more human dispositional traits, thoughts and preferences to the objects of metaphors. Younger ones often focused on the physical features of animals. With age, the tendency to give positive evaluations to the objects of metaphors increases.
The "Practice Turn" in the Contemporary Socio-Human Sciences
Authors: Višňovský Emil
Published: January 2010

The "Practice Turn" in the Contemporary Socio-Human Sciences

The paper provides an overview of the current situation in the socio-human sciences, which is characterised by attempts to overcome traditional one-sided approaches and look for new alternatives. One of the latest alternatives to traditional approaches in the philosophy and methodology of the social sciences is the "practice turn". It is the turn to another, non-traditional approach to practice but also to Aristotelian phronesis. The author gives an account of three main tenets of this turn with reference to both ancient Greek and modern conceptions of practice.
Practical Knowledge Versus Knowledge as Practice
Authors: Danka István
Published: January 2010

Practical Knowledge Versus Knowledge as Practice

The main thesis of this essay is that practice is superior to a "theoretical vs. practical" distinction. In this sense, every sort of knowledge is essentially "practical"; so-called "theoretical" knowledge is an historically overemphasised borderline example of the practical. Based mostly on Wittgenstein's view, I shall gradually refine an opposition between theoretical and practical knowledge by analysing some related dualisms on an active, processual, communicative and applicative concept of knowledge. Then I will provide some arguments as to why knowledge as a practical matter in this sense should be seen as, both logically and temporally, prior to the distinction.
Value Oriented Science for A Sustainable Society
Authors: Huba Mikuláš
Published: January 2010

Value Oriented Science for A Sustainable Society

The essay deals with the relationship between ethics, science and the character of society associated with challenges such as: What is the contemporary role of science in society and how does it fulfil it? Is value oriented "engaged" science possible? What does the responsibility of science mean? What is the reason for and the state of integrative, interdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary and/or post-disciplinary approaches in the science? What is the role and meaning of evaluation in scientific production and/or its usefulness? What is the value, cost and effectiveness of science? Is scientometrics an adequate answer? What is the role of ethics and science in the context of sustainable development/living/society? In the final section of the essay several examples drawing on the international as well as the national level are introduced. The ambition of the author, a professional environmental geographer, is not to submit an extensive excursion into most fashionable aspects of the topic within the global philosophical context. The author describes his own personal experience and position and tries to discover what the emerging challenges and threats in this field may be, first of all in the current Slovak context.
Class or Mass: Sport (for All) Politics at a Crossroads
Authors: Földesi Gyöngyi
Published: January 2010

Class or Mass: Sport (for All) Politics at a Crossroads

Hungarian sport politics has long tradition not to accomplish the — otherwise ideal — objectives declared in the overall sport conception for the same period. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contemporary National Sports Strategies, the contradictory character of their realization and some major conditions of the improvement of all Hungarians' involvement in sport. By way of introduction the notions of sport policy, sport politics and sport for all politics are clarified. Then the methods for collecting information (analysis of documents, in-depth interviews and participant observation) are presented. The main body of the contribution consists of three parts. Firstly a brief overview is given on the legacy on the grounds of which the current sport politics had to start from, with great emphasis of the changing role of the state, civil society and the business sector in the process of planning, developing and supporting the population's sporting activity. Secondly the today's sport policy and the true situation in sport for all are discussed according to the following dimensions: (1) the underprivileged position of sport for all; (2) the lack of the necessary co-operation between sport and other sub-systems, such as education, public health; (3) the low proportion of state aid to be given for sport; (4) the disparity of state financing between the individual fields of sport: (5) the reinforcement of the increasing social inequality in sport. Thirdly the author makes attempts to outline a developmental trend state responsibility in sport for all by answering a crucial question: Whose responsibility is it? In conclusion it is stated that historical opportunity for changing radically the traditional sport politics was missed during the last 15-20 years. The political approach to sport by the individual governments might have been different, but the very essence of their sport politics was rather similar. The core values guiding their sport politics were very positive all the time; however they have not been realized in either period. The author is of the opinion that the vision of a "sporting nation" suggested by the present-day National Sport Strategy seems to be attractive, but she calls the attention to the missing political and financial garantees that would enable to approaching it and urges to promote a more democratic, a m ore just and a truly modern turn in sport politics
Valuation Methods of Sports Companies
Authors: Pawlak Zbigniew , Smoleń Andrzej
Published: January 2010

Valuation Methods of Sports Companies

The valuation of sports companies is indispensable during commercial buy and sell transactions, restructuring processes, determining premiums for the purposes of property insurance.

For the valuation of sports companies four approaches are possible i.e. assets-based, income-based, market-based and mixed-valuation approaches. For each approach there are specific company valuation methods. Using real-life examples, this paper discusses the following sports companies' valuation methods: book value, adjusted book value, replacement, liquidation, capitalized profit, discounted cash flow, comparative worth, market multiples and German valuation method. The mixed approach using the German method is applied when the output prices from conventional company valuation methods vary too much, and differences in values exceed 25%.

From the management accounting perspective the skilful application of valuation methods to sports companies should be regarded as one of the prerequisites for effective management of sports companies.
Tourism through the Eyes of the Holy See
Authors: Dziubiński Zbigniew
Published: January 2010

Tourism through the Eyes of the Holy See

The Vatican's vision of tourism is based on Christian humanism, integral humanism and personalism. At the very core of the vision are human beings, who are not only the creators of tourism but also its ultimate goal, and for this reason all values of the natural world should be unconditionally subordinated to the good that are people. Consequently, the fundamental goal of tourism is to satisfy the needs of exploration, relaxation, entertainment and, first and foremost, the spiritual and intellectual needs of every person. Tourism has to help build a sense of community. It should also contribute to the elimination of poverty and foster the sense of responsibility for the environment. Tourism must not be exclusive to the rich and it should never be a time of depravity, promiscuity and, consequently, the degradation of people. Tourism should become an opportunity for all people to discover their contemplative dimension, giving them a chance to see God in nature and first of all, in other people.
Past, Present and Future Perspective of Sport Tourism in Cyprus
Authors: Yiannakis Orphanos
Published: January 2010

Past, Present and Future Perspective of Sport Tourism in Cyprus

Tourism is one of the largest industries of the global economy. It produces more than $500 billion yearly and it is estimated that by 2011 it will have summated 10% of the global GDP (gross domestic product). More and more national economies are relying on the visiting tourist. Cyprus is one of the countries with a high degree of dependence. Mass tourism has been the driving force behind the economic development and prosperity enjoyed on the island. Although tourism has helped the economy of the country overcome difficult periods, the development of the industry today is being challenged. The mono-lateral development of the touristic product, the rivalry originating from other destinations, the dependence on tour operators, and seasonality made the country devise a strategic plan for the development of tourism. Sustainable development can be reached through the development of special-interest products; sport tourism is included in these as mentioned in the plan conducted by the CTO (Cyprus Sport Organization). In the first part of the paper the author attempts to provide an insight regarding the implications embedded in defining the phenomenon of sport tourism. In the second part, the potential and the need for the development of sport tourism is presented, especially after the incidents happening after 2001, namely terrorist attacks, natural disasters etc., in the international scene and specifically in Cyprus. In the third part, the author provides information regarding past and present tendencies and occurrences in the tourism sector in Cyprus and future prospects of sport tourism.