bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A encenação da tradução e suas reformulações no discurso do Direito Comparado
Authors: Pietroluongo Marcia Atalla
Published: August 2016

RESUMO: O presente artigo colocará em evidência o uso da autonímia e da modalização autonímica como dispositivos descritivos-tradutórios relevantes em duas obras de Introdução ao Direito Francês que têm o objetivo comum de introdução, difusão e aprofundamento deste Direito junto a um público de juristas brasileiros. Embora não sejam tradutores profissionais, os juristas comparatistas, no exercício de seu ofício, veem-se diante da necessidade de traduzir para comparar, donde se pode questionar que contribuições o Direito Comparado pode trazer ao campo da Tradução Jurídica, examinando como eles resolvem (ou não) os impasses comparativos e tradutórios com que são confrontados ao estudar e descrever sistemas jurídicos estrangeiros.
Estudos sobre Interpretação: Tendências Atuais da Pesquisa Brasileira
Authors: Cavallo Patrizia , Reuillard Patrícia Chittoni Ramos
Published: August 2016

Resumo: Este artigo visa a investigar as tendências atuais da pesquisa brasileira na área dos Estudos sobre Interpretação, observando as teses e dissertações defendidas sobre o assunto, os artigos publicados nos principais periódicos brasileiros de tradução e interpretação e as comunicações e mesas-redondas de alguns simpósios e congressos realizados no Brasil, a partir de 2010. Apesar de ser uma área de estudos ainda escassamente presente nas universidades brasileiras, o interesse por parte de pesquisadores e profissionais encontra-se em franca ascensão, como será possível observar através das publicações e dos trabalhos realizados neste âmbito de estudos. O presente trabalho apresenta inicialmente a área dos Estudos sobre Interpretação, para depois focar em suas modalidades e tipologias e, a seguir, observar as tendências de pesquisa em Interpretação. O intuito é contribuir para as investigações conduzidas neste campo de estudos, mostrando os caminhos já trilhados e a importância de ulterior desenvolvimento dessa área acadêmico-profissional. Palavras-chave: Estudos sobre Interpretação. Tendências Atuais. Pesquisa Brasileira.
Legendagem e marcadores culturais: análise da tradução para o inglês do filme Lisbela e o Prisioneiro
Authors: De Oliveira Gabriela Rockenbach , Kilian Cristiane Krause
Published: August 2016

Este estudo analisa um conjunto de traduções para a língua inglesa de algumas marcas culturais presentes no filme Lisbela e o Prisioneiro – fortemente carregado pelas peculiaridades linguísticas da região nordestina brasileira –, identificando as modalidades de tradução utilizadas. Nesse percurso, pode-se evidenciar a perda dessas marcas e concluir que as limitações da legendagem, de fato, impedem uma transposição satisfatória. Por outro lado, também se podem identificar traduções criativas e coerentes, servindo assim de fonte válida de consulta para trabalhos futuros de tradução que se deparem com dificuldades dessa natureza.
A tradução funcionalista do gênero textual peça teatral para o ensino da variação linguística em espanhol
Authors: Pontes Valdecy Oliveira , Pereira Livya Lea Oliveira
Published: August 2016

Atualmente, a área de estudos da tradução tem desenvolvido pesquisas que exploram seu aspecto interdisciplinar. No contexto de tradução e ensino de línguas estrangeiras, alguns estudos têm tido resultados positivos ao unir atividades de tradução com a prática de sequências didáticas com gêneros textuais autênticos (BARRIENTOS, 2014; DEMÉTRIO, 2014; LAIÑO, 2014). Portanto, este artigo propõe a prática da tradução funcionalista do gênero textual peça de teatro, na forma de sequência didática, para abordar casos concretos de variação linguística na língua espanhola. Para isso, baseamos nosso trabalho na Teoria Funcionalista da Tradução (REISS, VERMEER, 1996; NORD, 1991, 1994, 1996, 2012), bem como na aproximação entre tradução e variação linguística (BOLAÑOS-CUELLAR, 2000; MAYORAL, 1998, BORTONI-RICARDO, 2005; TRAVAGLIA, 2013; PONTES, 2014) e no dispositivo de sequências didáticas com gêneros textuais (DOLZ, NOVERRAZ, SCHENEUWLY, 2004; CRISTÓVÃO, 2009; COSTA-HÜRBES, SIMIONE, 2014). Como uma proposta de ensino, exemplificamos o projeto inicial de uma sequência didática com a tradução do gênero textual peça de teatro com um foco na abordagem da variação linguística nas formas de tratamento para a 2ª pessoa em diferentes países falantes de língua espanhola. Essa estratégia didática pode proporcionar o aprimoramento e desenvolvimento das habilidades linguísticas dos aprendizes, bem como conscientizá-los sobre a heterogeneidade das línguas envolvidas no processo de tradução.
Uma análise da aplicação de sistemas de memórias na tradução de textos jurídicos: o caso das procurações
Authors: Stupiello Erika Nogueira de Andrade , Bannister Sophie Helena
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho é parte de um projeto de pesquisa mais amplo que tem por meta investigar os possíveis efeitos da adoção dos sistemas de memórias de tradução na prática do tradutor em formação. De modo específico, o objetivo é analisar o emprego de um sistema de memória (Wordfast Classic) na tradução (inglês/português) de um texto de teor jurídico (procuração) realizada por estudantes do penúltimo ano de graduação em tradução. Com base em um estudo teórico sobre a concepção e o uso de sistemas de memórias em tradução, avaliou-se um total de dezoito traduções, sendo metade delas realizadas com essa ferramenta e a outra metade sem essa tecnologia. Os resultados indicam um maior índice de semelhança entre as traduções realizadas com o sistema Wordfast. Apesar da pequena escala deste estudo, concluímos que tal fato pode ser resultante do trabalho controlado e delimitado pela ferramenta utilizada pelo tradutor.
O ensino de teorias da tradução no curso de Letras
Authors: Paganine Carolina
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo, abordo o ensino de teorias da tradução a partir do percurso histórico brasileiro que privilegia uma abordagem sobre a tradução que não desvencilha a reflexão teórica da prática e da crítica de traduções, com destaque para as obras de Paulo Rónai (1976/2012), José Paulo Paes (1990) e Paulo Henriques Britto (2012). Esta contextualização histórica serve como ponto de apoio para o meu próprio relato como professora de teorias da tradução para turmas multilíngues do curso de Letras da Universidade[1], no qual procuro refletir sobre o papel do ensino de teorias da tradução na formação tanto de tradutores como dos estudantes de Letras em geral.[1] Caso o artigo seja aceito, em todas as instâncias onde há esse termo, haverá identificação da instituição.
A produção acadêmica sobre tradução e interpretação de Libras de egressos da pós-graduação da UFSC
Authors: Santos Silvana Aguiar dos , Rigo Natália Schleder
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo trata a respeito de produções acadêmicas sobre tradução e interpretação de Libras-Português. Nosso objetivo é mapear, apresentar e discutir as produções acadêmicas (teses, dissertações, artigos e capítulos de livros) realizadas por egressos da pós-graduação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), no período de 2000 a 2015. Este trabalho se caracteriza como uma investigação descritiva de caráter bibliográfico, associada a uma abordagem qualitativa. As referências teóricas usadas aqui como embasamento compreendem autores da área dos Estudos da Tradução, tais como Vasconcellos (2010); Pagano e Vasconcellos (2003) entre outros, bem como autores da área dos Estudos da Tradução e Interpretação de Língua de Sinais, como Metzger (2010), Grbic (2007) etc. Os resultados obtidos apontam: i) um deslocamento interessante de áreas do conhecimento nas quais as produções analisadas se inscrevem ao longo de 15 anos; ii) uma expressiva concentração de produções acadêmicas em uma determinada área nos últimos três anos; iii) uma maior circulação de trabalhos em meios de divulgação e publicação científica vinculados à instituição em questão e determinadas regiões do contexto brasileiro. Por meio deste trabalho é possível compreender melhor o cenário de produções acadêmicas que abordam sobre tradução e interpretação de Libras-Português realizadas por egressos da pós-graduação da Universidade Federal de Santa Cataria.
The relationship between managerial overconfidence with basic metals firms value
Authors: Dashtbayaz Mahmoud Lari , Mohammadi Shaban
Published: August 2016

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between Managerial overconfidence and Basic metals firm value of the listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).The population includes 25 firms selected through systematic sampling. The data is collected from the audited financial statements of the firms provided by TSEâ€™s website from 2010 to 2015. In this study the variables, Overconfidence based on earning per share (OEPS), Overconfidence based on capital cost (OCC) has been used to investigate Managerial overconfidence. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that there is a significant relationship between Overconfidence based on earning per share (OEPS) and firm value. In addition, there is a significant relationship between Overconfidence based on capital cost (OCC) and firm value. The present research examined the relationship between Managerial overconfidence and Basic metals firmâ€™s value of the Basic metals firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The results of multivariate regression accepted two the hypotheses of the research. There is a significant relationship between Managerial overconfidence and Basic metals firm value.
Prediction of pore pressure using well logs and seismic data in Fabi Field, Onshore Niger delta, Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel Aniwetalu , Emmanuel Anakwuba , Juliet N Ilechukwu , Okoye Chidozie
Published: August 2016

The variations of pore pressure in Fabi Field Onshore Niger delta have been investigated using well log and seismic data. The both data were calibrated to ensure reasonable match in depth. Zones of overpressure were predicted from the well logs based on the deviations of petrophysical measurement from normal compaction trends. The lateral variations of the overpressure were delineated from seismic data through elastic impedance inversion. Overpressure cube was delineated from the inverted volumes through points of picked horizons. The results of the study revealed overpressure occurrence in well logs at depth level of 8625ft to 9000ft. The elastic impedance inversion presents overpressure variations beyond well control point at the depth level of about 1940-1140ms corresponding to very high impedance value of about 25540-27067ft/s*g/cc. The area extents of the positive anomalies (increase in elastic impedance) are mostly consistent with overpressure zones. Overpressure zones were also estimated from the seismic data between 1560ms -1600ms within the TRK-1 and TRK-2 horizon which also correspond to the well control points (8625ft to nearly 9000ft). The velocity and density crossplots revealed that undercompaction is the main overpressure generating mechanism in Fabi Field, although other parts of the field revealed unloading mechanism.
Analisis Keamanan pada Aplikasi Her-registrasi Online Mahasiswa Universitas Diponegoro
Authors: Afrih Juhad Hilal , Isnanto R. Rizal , Widianto Eko Didik
Published: August 2016

The security aspect is often forgotten in the application of Information Technology. The attacks were caused by the negligence of the developer causes damage to the system used. SQL Injection attacks, Cross Site Scripting attacks, and no use of encrypted channels lead to the exposure of sensitive data users. Objectives of this research is to perform an audit and analysis of the security aspects against the Her-registration Colege Students Online Application of Diponegoro University. Audit and security analysis is prevention step so that the vulnerabilities found not to be a entrances to the system hackers. The results of this research are a security audit report that contains the vulnerability Her-registration College Students Online Application of Diponegoro University. The audit report will be used as a reference for application developers Her-registration Colege Students Online Application of Diponegoro University to improve the system.
Beyond the Target Customer: Social Effects of Customer Relationship Management Campaigns
Authors: Ascarza Eva , Ebbes Peter , Netzer Oded , Danielson Matthew
Published: August 2016

Customer relationship management (CRM) campaigns have traditionally focused on maximizing the profitability of the targeted customers. The authors demonstrate that in business settings characterized by network externalities, a CRM campaign that is aimed at changing the behavior of specific customers propagates through the social network, thereby also affecting the behavior of nontargeted customers. Using a randomized field experiment involving nearly 6,000 customers of a mobile telecommunication provider, they find that the social connections of targeted customers increase their consumption and become less likely to churn, due to a campaign that was neither targeted at them nor offered them any direct incentives. The authors estimate a social multiplier of 1.28. That is, the effect of the campaign on first-degree connections of targeted customers is 28% of the effect of the campaign on the targeted customers. By further leveraging the randomized experimental design, the authors show that, consistent with a network externality account, the increase in activity among the nontargeted but connected customers is driven by the increase in communication between the targeted customers and their connections, making the local network of the nontargeted customers more valuable. These findings suggest that in targeting CRM marketing campaigns, firms should consider not only the profitability of the targeted customer but also the potential spillover of the campaign to nontargeted but connected customers.
Sociolinguistics in a languagised world: Introduction
Authors: Jaspers Jürgen , Madsen Lian Malai
Published: August 2016

The idea that there exist separate, enumerable languages has in the last decades been widely criticised, and it has led scholars to propose various new terms and concepts such as ‘polylingualism’, ‘metrolingualism’, and ‘translanguaging’, among others. As these terms are attracting considerable acclaim within the academy, this paper argues it is time to reflect on their occurrence, provenance and pertinence for future research and theorisation. We devote particular attention to the risk of confusion if newly proposed terms interchangeably serve descriptive, ontological, pedagogical and political purposes; to the continuing relevance of language separation outside as well as inside the academy; and to the purported transformative and critical potential of fluid language practices in education and beyond. We suggest a close consideration of each of these concerns is central to a sociolinguistics of rather than for particular linguistic practices.
Learning to live with “Languages”
Authors: Møller Janus Spindler
Published: August 2016

In this paper I describe how a group of speakers participating in a longitudinal study develop patterns of linguistic practices as well as norms for their use over time. The group at issue consists of speakers with a Turkish minority background living in Denmark. Data were collected from this group during their nine years of compulsory school and again in their mid-twenties. From a very early age this group of speakers acquires linguistic repertoires which involve features associated with several “languages”, of which the most influential are Turkish and Danish. I will show how they develop ways of employing large parts of those repertoires in their languaging practices and how at the same time they increasingly express an awareness of the fact that they are living in languagised world. I will do so by analysing instances where the participants explicitly refer to languages in peer group interactions, discuss observations concerning patterns of languaging in the same types of interactions, and consider the development of both phenomena.
Troubling translanguaging: language ideologies, superdiversity and interethnic conflict
Authors: Charalambous Panayiota , Charalambous Constadina , Zembylas Michalinos
Published: August 2016

This paper looks at how histories of conflict and ideologies of language as a bounded entity mapped onto a homogeneous nation impact on attempts of translanguaging in the classroom in the conflict-affected context of Greek-Cypriot education. Drawing on ethnographic data from a highly diverse primary school, this study examines how nationalist understandings of language and belonging affect the ways in which a group of Turkish-speaking students of Pontian and Turkish-Bulgarian backgrounds relate to their Turkish-speakerness in classroom interaction. The findings show that, despite the multilingual and hybrid realities of this particular school, in formal educational practices Turkish-speaking students kept a low profile as to their Turkish-speakerness. Even when the teacher encouraged translanguaging practices and a public display of students’ competence in the Turkish language, this was met with inarticulateness and emotional troubles, fuelled by a fear that ‘speaking Turkish’ could be taken as ‘being Turkish’. In discussing these findings, the paper points to the impact that different overlapping histories of ethnonationalist conflict have on translanguaging practices in education; in our case by associating Turkishness with the ‘enemy group’ and socializing children within essentialist assumptions about language and national belonging. The paper argues that in this case the discourses of conflict createunfavourable ecologies for hybrid linguistic practices, which ultimately suppress creative polylingual performances.
Between ideologies and realities: Multilingual competence in a languagised world
Authors: Ruuska Katharina
Published: August 2016

Recent developments in sociolinguistics and applied linguistics have put emphasis on the contrast between ideologies of distinct ‘languages’ and the multifaceted reality of linguistic practices. This article argues that recent usage-based reconceptualisations of the notions of competence and repertoire can help paint a more complex picture of the relationship between monolingual ‘ideologies’ and diverse linguistic ‘realities’. Drawing on data from interviews with highly proficient adult speakers of Finnish as a second language, I explore some aspects of how speakers’ competence can be understood as shaped by language use, and what role linguistic ideologies, social expectations and speakers’ environments play in this process. I conclude that, in a languagised world, the ability to keep ‘languages’ apart and to successfully display monolingual competence can be seen as part of multilingual speakers’ competence. In this way, a usage-based perspective on competence enables us to treat ‘languages’ as ideological constructs, while at the same time acknowledging their ‘real’ effects on speakers’ competence and language use.
Margins of Nationality. External ethnic citizenship and non-discrimination
Authors: Kovács Kriszta , Körtvélyesi Zsolt , Nagy Alíz
Published: August 2016

People are usually born into their political communities, and only a minority of them become member of the given community by naturalisation. Sovereign states enjoy a great margin of appreciation in defining the rules of both birthright and acquired political membership. Most states employ some form of cultural affinity-based criteria relating to ethnic identity that differentiate between applicants that seek to acquire the nationality of the state. Indeed, such distinctions seem to be growing with the revival of ethnic and nationalist aspirations that Europe has witnessed for some years. We argue that human rights principles, first and foremost non-discrimination guarantees, should be taken seriously and effectively applied to these cases of naturalisation, and show what such a scrutiny entails. While the arguments presented here should apply more generally, special attention will be paid to events that primarily triggered the authors’ interest, the case of Hungary.
Recent developments in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in plastic
Authors: Shao Mingwu , Jiang Jie , Li Ming , Wu Lijie , Hu Mingzhu
Published: August 2016

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), heavily used as flame retardant in plastics, are harmful to environment and human health. It is of great importance for method development to determine PBDEs and PBBs in plastics. A review of developments on the analysis of PBDEs and PBBs in plastics is presented in this paper. The analytical procedures including sample pretreatment, extraction, clean-up/fractionation, and detection are carefully discussed. The drawbacks and merits of each method are summarized. The aim of this review is to improve the analytical accuracy, and precision for the determination of PBDEs and PBBs in plastics on the basis of the published papers.
Alkaline treatment and thermal properties of Napier grass fibres
Authors: J.A. M. Haameem , Abdul Majid M.S. , Afendi M. , M. Haslan , Fahmi I.
Published: August 2016

This paper presents an overview of a natural fibre, namely Pennisetum purpureum, which is commonly known as Napier grass. This paper’s intention is to analyse Napier grass fibre to assess the effect of alkaline treatment on the tensile properties, thermal stability, and morphology of the fibres. These fibres were extracted by a water retting process from the internodes of Napier stems. The fibres were later subjected to alkaline treatments with NaOH at 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations for a period of 24 h at 25°C (RT). The tensile strength, thermal stability and crystallinity of the fibres were seen to upsurge upon conducting the alkaline treatments. Thus, the experimental results demonstrate that the 10% NaOH concentration has the strongest tensile test compared to untreated Napier grass fibre. The surfaces of the fibres after the treatment were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), TM-3000. SEM investigation showed that the surfaces of the fibres become rougher after NaOH treatment. Moreover, from XRD, the amount of crystallinity is also higher in the 10% alkaline treated fibres, and DSC thermograms proved that they have better thermal stability. From this study, Napier grass fibres show potential to be used as reinforcing fibres in composite structures.
Regulation of the MEI-1/MEI-2 Microtubule-Severing Katanin Complex in EarlyCaenorhabditis elegansDevelopment
Authors: Beard Sarah M , Smit Ryan B , Chan Benjamin G , Mains Paul E
Published: August 2016

After fertilization, rapid changes of the Caenorhabditis elegans cytoskeleton occur in the transition from meiosis to mitosis, requiring precise regulation. The MEI-1/MEI-2 katanin microtubule-severing complex is essential for meiotic spindle formation but must be quickly inactivated to allow for proper formation of the mitotic spindle. MEI-1/MEI-2 inactivation is dependent on multiple redundant pathways. The primary pathway employs the MEL-26 substrate adaptor for the CUL-3/cullin-based E3 ubiquitin ligase, which targets MEI-1 for proteosomal degradation. Here, we used quantitative antibody staining to measure MEI-1 levels to determine how other genes implicated in MEI-1 regulation act relative to CUL-3/MEL-26. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, APC/C, the DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase), MBK-2, and the CUL-2-based E3 ubiquitin ligase act together to degrade MEI-1, in parallel to MEL-26/CUL-3. CUL-2 is known to keep MEL-26 low during meiosis, so CUL-2 apparently changes its target from MEL-26 in meiosis to MEI-1 in mitosis. RFL-1, an activator of cullin E3 ubiquitin ligases, activates CUL-2 but not CUL-3 for MEI-1 elimination. HECD-1 (HECT/Homologous to the E6AP carboxyl terminus domain) E3 ligase acts as a MEI-1 activator in meiosis but functions as an inhibitor during mitosis, without affecting levels of MEI-1 or MEI-2. Our results highlight the multiple layers of MEI-1 regulation that are required during the switch from the meiotic to mitotic modes of cell division.
Global Fitness Profiling Identifies Arsenic and Cadmium Tolerance Mechanisms in Fission Yeast
Authors: Guo Lan , Ganguly Abantika , Sun Lingling , Suo Fang , Du Li-Lin , Russell Paul
Published: August 2016

Heavy metals and metalloids such as cadmium [Cd(II)] and arsenic [As(III)] are widespread environmental toxicants responsible for multiple adverse health effects in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying metal-induced cytotoxicity and carcinogenesis, as well as the detoxification and tolerance pathways, are incompletely understood. Here, we use global fitness profiling by barcode sequencing to quantitatively survey the Schizosaccharomyces pombe haploid deletome for genes that confer tolerance of cadmium or arsenic. We identified 106 genes required for cadmium resistance and 110 genes required for arsenic resistance, with a highly significant overlap of 36 genes. A subset of these 36 genes account for almost all proteins required for incorporating sulfur into the cysteine-rich glutathione and phytochelatin peptides that chelate cadmium and arsenic. A requirement for Mms19 is explained by its role in directing iron–sulfur cluster assembly into sulfite reductase as opposed to promoting DNA repair, as DNA damage response genes were not enriched among those required for cadmium or arsenic tolerance. Ubiquinone, siroheme, and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate biosynthesis were also identified as critical for Cd/As tolerance. Arsenic-specific pathways included prefoldin-mediated assembly of unfolded proteins and protein targeting to the peroxisome, whereas cadmium-specific pathways included plasma membrane and vacuolar transporters, as well as Spt–Ada–Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional coactivator that controls expression of key genes required for cadmium tolerance. Notable differences are apparent with corresponding screens in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, underscoring the utility of analyzing toxic metal defense mechanisms in both organisms.
Sporadic Gene Loss After Duplication Is Associated with Functional Divergence of Sirtuin Deacetylases Among Candida Yeast Species
Authors: Rupert Christopher B , Heltzel Justin M H , Taylor Derek J , Rusche Laura N
Published: August 2016

Gene duplication promotes the diversification of protein functions in several ways. Ancestral functions can be partitioned between the paralogs, or a new function can arise in one paralog. These processes are generally viewed as unidirectional. However, paralogous proteins often retain related functions and can substitute for one another. Moreover, in the event of gene loss, the remaining paralog might regain ancestral functions that had been shed. To explore this possibility, we focused on the sirtuin deacetylase SIR2 and its homolog HST1 in the CTG clade of yeasts. HST1 has been consistently retained throughout the clade, whereas SIR2 is only present in a subset of species. These NAD+-dependent deacetylases generate condensed chromatin that represses transcription and stabilizes tandemly repeated sequences. By analyzing phylogenetic trees and gene order, we found that a single duplication of the SIR2/HST1 gene occurred, likely prior to the emergence of the CTG clade. This ancient duplication was followed by at least two independent losses of SIR2. Functional characterization of Sir2 and Hst1 in three species revealed that these proteins have not maintained consistent functions since the duplication. In particular, the rDNA locus is deacetylated by Sir2 in Candida albicans, by Hst1 in C. lusitaniae, and by neither paralog in C. parapsilosis. In addition, the subtelomeres in C. albicans are deacetylated by Sir2 rather than by Hst1, which is orthologous to the sirtuin associated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae subtelomeres. These differences in function support the model that sirtuin deacetylases can regain ancestral functions to compensate for gene loss.
Preservation Analysis of Macrophage Gene Coexpression Between Human and Mouse Identifies PARK2 as a Genetically Controlled Master Regulator of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Humans
Authors: Codoni Veronica , Blum Yuna , Civelek Mete , Proust Carole , Franzén Oscar ,   Cardiogenics Consortium,   IDEM Leducq Consortium CADGenomics, Björkegren Johan L M , Le Goff Wilfried , Cambien Francois , Lusis Aldons J , Trégouët David-Alexandre
Published: August 2016

Macrophages are key players involved in numerous pathophysiological pathways and an in-depth characterization of their gene regulatory networks can help in better understanding how their dysfunction may impact on human diseases. We here conducted a cross-species network analysis of macrophage gene expression data between human and mouse to identify conserved networks across both species, and assessed whether such networks could reveal new disease-associated regulatory mechanisms. From a sample of 684 individuals processed for genome-wide macrophage gene expression profiling, we identified 27 groups of coexpressed genes (modules). Six modules were found preserved (P < 10−4) in macrophages from 86 mice of the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel. One of these modules was significantly [false discovery rate (FDR) = 8.9 × 10−11] enriched for genes belonging to the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. This pathway was also found significantly (FDR < 10−4) enriched in susceptibility genes for Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases. We further conducted an expression quantitative trait loci analysis to identify SNP that could regulate macrophage OXPHOS gene expression in humans. This analysis identified the PARK2 rs192804963 as a trans-acting variant influencing (minimal P-value = 4.3 × 10−8) the expression of most OXPHOS genes in humans. Further experimental work demonstrated that PARK2 knockdown expression was associated with increased OXPHOS gene expression in THP1 human macrophages. This work provided strong new evidence that PARK2 participates to the regulatory networks associated with oxidative phosphorylation and suggested that PARK2 genetic variations could act as a trans regulator of OXPHOS gene macrophage expression in humans.
Cryptic Genetic Variation for Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Germination Speed in a Novel Salt Stress Environment
Authors: Yuan Wei , Flowers Jonathan M , Sahraie Dustin J , Purugganan Michael D
Published: August 2016

The expansion of species ranges frequently necessitates responses to novel environments. In plants, the ability of seeds to disperse to marginal areas relies in part to its ability to germinate under stressful conditions. Here we examine the genetic architecture of Arabidopsis thaliana germination speed under a novel, saline environment, using an Extreme QTL (X-QTL) mapping platform we previously developed. We find that early germination in normal and salt conditions both rely on a QTL on the distal arm of chromosome 4, but we also find unique QTL on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, and 5 that are specific to salt stress environments. Moreover, different QTLs are responsible for early vs. late germination, suggesting a temporal component to the expression of life history under these stress conditions. Our results indicate that cryptic genetic variation exists for responses to a novel abiotic stress, which may suggest a role of such variation in adaptation to new climactic conditions or growth environments.
Evaluation of Ligand-Inducible Expression Systems for Conditional Neuronal Manipulations of Sleep inDrosophila
Authors: Li Qiuling , Stavropoulos Nicholas
Published: August 2016

Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for dissecting the molecular mechanisms that regulate sleep, and numerous studies in the fly have identified genes that impact sleep–wake cycles. Conditional genetic analysis is essential to distinguish the mechanisms by which these genes impact sleep: some genes might exert their effects developmentally, for instance by directing the assembly of neuronal circuits that regulate sleep; other genes may regulate sleep in adulthood; and yet other genes might influence sleep by both developmental and adult mechanisms. Here we have assessed two ligand-inducible expression systems, Geneswitch and the Q-system, for conditional and neuronally restricted manipulations of sleep in Drosophila. While adult-specific induction of a neuronally expressed Geneswitch transgene (elav-GS) is compatible with studies of sleep as shown previously, developmental induction of elav-GS strongly and nonspecifically perturbs sleep in adults. The alterations of sleep in elav-GS animals occur at low doses of Geneswitch agonist and in the presence of transgenes unrelated to sleep, such as UAS-CD8-GFP. Furthermore, developmental elav-GS induction is toxic and reduces brood size, indicating multiple adverse effects of neuronal Geneswitch activation. In contrast, the transgenes and ligand of the Q-system do not significantly impact sleep–wake cycles when used for constitutive, developmental, or adult-specific neuronal induction. The nonspecific effects of developmental elav-GS activation on sleep indicate that such manipulations require cautious interpretation, and suggest that the Q-system or other strategies may be more suitable for conditional genetic analysis of sleep and other behaviors in Drosophila.
Seizure Suppression by High Temperature via cAMP Modulation inDrosophila
Authors: Saras Arunesh , Tanouye Mark A
Published: August 2016

Bang-sensitive (BS) Drosophila mutants display characteristic seizure-like activity (SLA) and paralysis after mechanical shock . After high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of the brain, they generate robust seizures at very low threshold voltage. Here we report an important phenomenon, which effectively suppresses SLA in BS mutants. High temperature causes seizure suppression in all BS mutants (parabss1, eas, sda) examined in this study. This effect is fully reversible and flies show complete recovery from BS paralysis once the temperature effect is nullified. High temperature induces an increase in seizure threshold after a brief pulse of heat shock (HS). By genetic screening, we identified the involvement of cAMP in the suppression of seizures by high temperature. We propose that HS induces adenylyl cyclase which in turn increases cAMP concentration which eventually suppresses seizures in mutant flies. In summary, we describe an unusual phenomenon, where high temperature can suppress SLA in flies by modulating cAMP concentration.
Growth Coordination During Drosophila melanogaster Imaginal Disc Regeneration Is Mediated by Signaling Through the Relaxin Receptor Lgr3 in the Prothoracic Gland
Authors: Jaszczak Jacob S , Wolpe Jacob B , Bhandari Rajan , Jaszczak Rebecca G , Halme Adrian
Published: August 2016

Damage to Drosophila melanogaster imaginal discs activates a regeneration checkpoint that (1) extends larval development and (2) coordinates the regeneration of the damaged disc with the growth of undamaged discs. These two systemic responses to damage are both mediated by Dilp8, a member of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor/relaxin family of peptide hormones, which is released by regenerating imaginal discs. Growth coordination between regenerating and undamaged imaginal discs is dependent on Dilp8 activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the prothoracic gland (PG), which slows the growth of undamaged discs by limiting ecdysone synthesis. Here we demonstrate that the Drosophila relaxin receptor homolog Lgr3, a leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor, is required for Dilp8-dependent growth coordination and developmental delay during the regeneration checkpoint. Lgr3 regulates these responses to damage via distinct mechanisms in different tissues. Using tissue-specific RNA-interference disruption of Lgr3 expression, we show that Lgr3 functions in the PG upstream of NOS, and is necessary for NOS activation and growth coordination during the regeneration checkpoint. When Lgr3 is depleted from neurons, imaginal disc damage no longer produces either developmental delay or growth inhibition. To reconcile these discrete tissue requirements for Lgr3 during regenerative growth coordination, we demonstrate that Lgr3 activity in both the CNS and PG is necessary for NOS activation in the PG following damage. Together, these results identify new roles for a relaxin receptor in mediating damage signaling to regulate growth and developmental timing.
Challenge and Potential of Biofuels from Algae
Authors: Gordon Michael E. , Cook Andrew Thomas
Published: August 2016

Algae biofuels could give a viable alternative to fossil fuels; however, this technology has to overcome several of hurdles before it can contend in fuel market and be deployed. The main challenges faced are production management, harvesting, coproduct development, fuel extraction, strain isolation, nutrient sourcing and utilization, refining and residual biomass utilization. The solution to these hurdles is simple but needs time and effort. The affordable growth densities, high growth rates and high oil contents are solid reasons to invest notable capital to convert alga into biofuels. Furthermore, bioprospecting (in which natural diversi-ty is used to increase productivity), breeding and classical genetics (for trait identification and improvement), bioengineering (in which synthetic biology is used to improve traits) and fuel molecules are some of the techniques under research that can make algal biofuel competitive with fossil fuel. No technology is without its challenges; same is the case with this new technology, as we lean more to it we discover more challenges and obstacles. Even given these uncertainties, it is believed that fuel production from algae will be widely deployable and priced competitive within the next 7 to 10 years, however we still need expand our un-derstanding of this wonderful organism so we can expand our ability to engineer them for the specific task of developing a brand new energy industry.
The Four-Sided Triangle of Ethics in Bioprospecting: Pharmaceutical Business, International Politics, Socio-Environmental Responsibility and the Importance of Local Stakeholders
Authors: Rose Janna , Quave Cassandra L , Islam Gazi
Published: August 2016

Bioprospecting, a vital step in the pharmaceutical production process, is also one of the most controversial and socially complex aspects in the pharmaceutical industry. The current conceptual paper reviews and theorizes this controversial sector by laying out the key elements of social, political and economic conflict involved in bioprospecting, from the point of view of the diverse stakeholders involved in the activity. First, we discuss the bioprospecting phenomenon as a high-risk, initial-stage research and development (R&D) activity that involves ethical, legal and economic uncertainties. After describing these uncertainties, we show how they are exacerbated by the unique cognitive frames that the main actors in this area – private companies, government actors, social and environmental activists, and local communities – use in framing the motives, norms, and rights surrounding bioprospecting.  Juxtaposing actors in this way allows an opening for potential dialogue among the different stakeholders, and we follow our exposition by sketching a model for increased cooperation. Our model highlights the unique contributions of each actor, suggesting that a socially responsible form of natural resource use can promote both local and global benefits. Lastly, we discuss how bioprospecting can be utilized as a key tool in ethnobiological conservation efforts by aiding local stakeholders in the creation of economic value for their traditional knowledge and environmental assets.
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Applied to Ethnobiological Research
Authors: Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino , Medeiros Patrícia Muniz
Published: August 2016

We suggest the application of systematic reviews and meta-analysis to access biological resource selection and use patterns from a regional or global point of view. In this opinion paper, we discuss the importance of this approach to help advancing the comprehension of socio-ecological systems at broad temporal and spatial scales.
Crab gatherers perceive concrete changes in the life history traits of Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), but overestimate their past and current catches
Authors: Capistrano Juliana , Lopes Priscila
Published: August 2016

The mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) is an important resource for the livelihood of several poor families living on the Brazilian coast. However, this species is in the Brazilian list of threatened aquatic species, although not much is known about its stock situation. This study aimed to assess the situation of U. cordatus fisheries, comparing biological data, obtained through crab landing sampling, to information provided by crab gatherers. For that, data sampled along 12 years in a coastal municipality on the Brazilian northeast (Canguaretama, Rio Grande do Norte) were compared to interviews with 30 crab gatherers from the same municipality regarding changes in fishing and in the crab life history traits during the same 12 years. Long temporal analyses and intense data collection like these are relatively rare in developing countries. Therefore, comparing their efficiency to the data obtained through interviews could confirm the efficacy of this last method in obtaining quality data in a quick and inexpensive way. The crab landing sampling indicated an increase in catch and a decline in the Catch per Unit of Effort (CPUE), while the biological data showed an increase in male crab proportion in the sex ratio and a decrease in the carapace length of both sexes. Crab gatherers were able to provide accurate information on crab life history traits, but overestimated their catch. This suggests that information provided by gatherers and probably by resource users in general may have some limitations, although it could provide cheap and reliable information, depending on the topic investigated.
Why is change feared? Exotic species in traditional pharmacopoeias
Authors: Medeiros Patrícia Muniz
Published: August 2016

No Abstract as this is an Editorial Article.
How to improve the quality of scientific publications in ethnobiology
Authors: Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino
Published: August 2016

No Abstract as this is an Editorial Article.
A myeloma epidemiológiai jellemzői Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg megyében. 33 év adatainak elemzése
Authors: Jakó János , Szerafin László
Published: August 2016

Introduction: In their previous work, the authors reported findings from 30 years on the incidence of hematological malignancies in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Hungary. Until now there are no other studies on this topic available in Hungary. Aim: Detailed analysis of epidemiologic features of patients with myeloma. Method: During a 33-year period (between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 2015) 4521 adult patients with hematologic malignancies were recorded in the leukaemia/lymphoma registry of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county. Among them 440 patients with myeloma (9.73%) were registered (397 multiple myeloma, 38 solitary, bone/soft tissue plasmocytoma, 5 primary plasma cell leukaemia). Results: The incidence of myeloma in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county showed an increasing tendency, with an overall incidence rate of 2.33/100 000 inhabitants/year. The male:female ratio was 45.9%:54.1%, the average age of patients was 65.1 (28–90) years, and 59.4% of the patients with multiple myeloma had IgG-type monoclonal immunoglobulin. There was no town or village in this county where the occurrence of patients with myeloma in one thousand inhabitants was significantly higher, than the average (0.78). Conclusions: The epidemiologic features of myeloma in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county – except a moderate female dominance – is essentially similar to data published in the literature. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(34), 1357–1360.
Neonatális Intenzív Centrumban ellátást igénylő betegeink anyai széles spektrumú béta-laktamáz-termelő baktériummal történt kolonizációjának vizsgálata és követése
Authors: Patyi Márta , Tóth Zsuzsanna , Kelemen Edit , Tálosi Gyula
Published: August 2016

Introduction: The extended beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae may cause asymptomatic carriage if present in the colon of premature infants or pregnant women. Aim: To assess the incidence of colonization among mothers whose infants were admitted to Neonatal Intensive Center on the day of their delivery for this pathogen. Method: From October 1, 2013 until October 31, 2015 the authors screened mothers on the day of their delivery for this pathogen. Nineteen of the 751 anorectal swabs or stool samples were found to be positive. Mothers having positive samples were given personal education for hand hygiene, then they actively participated in the care of their babies. From some premature infants ear swab and stomach washing were taken and sent for culture on the day of their admission. In the course of their hospital stay, anorectal swabs were taken and screened for this bacteria colonization at least once. Results: None of the premature infants of the 19 extended beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae-positive mothers became positive in the studied period. Conclusion: If the mother is colonized, the spreading of pathogen to newborns can be prevented by observing the hygienic rules. Orv. Hetil., 2016. 157(34), 1353–1356.
Fiatalkori iliofemoralis mélyvénás thrombosis ritka oka: tünetmentes vena cava inferior elzáródás
Authors: Tóth Gerda Brigitta , Csobay-Novák Csaba , Berencsi Anikó , Szeberin Zoltán
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in young adults is usually related to thrombophilia, immobility, trauma, surgery or malignancy. Therapeutic options have recently included pharmacomechanical thrombus removal although there is no evidence of the indication or of the long-term benefit. Rarely unknown, asymptomatic chronic neonatal inferior vena cava occlusion could also lead to acute ilio-femoral thrombosis. Aim: The aim of the authors was to present the therapeutic possibilities in lower extremity deep venous thrombosis connected with chronic inferior vena cava occlusion. Method: In a retrospective single center study data of 21 adults were analyzed. Results: In 4 of the 21 patients chronic inferior vena cava obstruction was identified as an underlying cause of the acute thrombosis. Pharmacomechanical lysis was not offered to them and anticoagulation therapy was introduced. After an average 27.5 ± 11 month follow-up all the patients were alive and no adverse event occurred. Conclusions: In patients with acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and chronic inferior vena cava occlusion the indication of the endovenous pharmacomechanical lysis therapy is questionable. The authors suggest to consider computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography in addition to duplex sonography in patients with no obvious risk factors for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis to avoid unnecessary invasive treatment. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(34), 1361–1365.
Ájurvéda az elhízás kezelésében
Authors: Korossy Anna , Blázovics Anna
Published: August 2016

Obesity is an increasing problem all over the world as the lifestyle changes and fast food chains gain popularity. In India, 31% of men and 29% of women are overweight, which is a growing trend over the last 11 years. Obesity increases the risk of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, reflux disease, gastrointestinal tumors, and sleep apnea. Obesity without complications can also cause serious complications during surgery. In Ayurveda the formation of diseases depends on the balance of the three doshas – vata, pitta, kapha. The rate of three doshas varies depending on the body constitution of the indvidual. Studies of an Indian research group have shown that Ayurvedic body type classification may be associated with genes of inflammation and oxidative stress factors, the rate of DNA methylation and development of cardiovascular diseases. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(34), 1349–1352.