bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-flow nasal cannula improves respiratory impedance evaluated by impulse oscillometry in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kuo Yen-Liang , Chien Chen-Lin , Ko Hsin-Kuo , Lai Hsin-Chih , Lin Tzu-Lung , Lee Li-Na , Chang Chih-Yueh , Shen Hsiang-Shi , Lu Chia-Chen
Published: April 2022

Non-pharmacological treatment with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) may play a vital role in treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To evaluate the efficacy of HFNC, impulse oscillation system (IOS) is a new noninvasive technique in measuring the impedance of different portions of lungs. It shows higher sensitivity in contrast to conventional pulmonary function tests (PFT). However, whether IOS is an appropriate technique to evaluate the efficacy of HFNC in improving the impedance of small airways or peripheral lung in patients with COPD is still unclear. We enrolled 26 stable COPD participants randomised into two groups receiving HFNC or nasal cannula (NC) for 10 min followed by a 4-week washout period and crossover alternatively. IOS was used to detect the difference of respiratory impedance after HFNC or NC interventions. IOS parameters, PFT results, transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide, peripheral oxygen saturation, body temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate, and blood pressure at the time of pre-HFNC, post-HFNC, pre-NC, and post-NC, were collected and analysed using SPSS (version 25.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The IOS measurement indicated that HFNC significantly improved R5, R5% predicted, R5–R20, X5-predicted, and Fres compared with NC, whereas no significant difference was observed through the PFT measurement. The beneficial effect of HFNC in improving small airway resistance and peripheral lung reactance compared with that of NC in patients with stable COPD was confirmed through IOS measurement.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05130112 22/11/2021.
Interictal plasma glutamate levels are elevated in individuals with episodic and chronic migraine
Authors: Park Chae Gyu , Chu Min Kyung
Published: April 2022

Glutamate is implicated in migraine pathogenesis including central sensitization and pain transmission. Altered plasma glutamate levels has been noted in migraine. Chronic migraine (CM) presented a higher degree of central sensitization and pain transmission than episodic migraine (EM). However, no study has evaluated plasma glutamate levels separately in EM and CM. This study aimed to assess plasma glutamate levels in EM and CM compared to controls. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess plasma glutamate levels in females with EM (n = 98) and CM (n = 92) as well as controls (n = 50). Plasma glutamate levels in participants with EM (median and interquartile range, 49.73 [40.82–66.12] μmol/L, p < 0.001) and CM (58.70 [44.64–72.46] μmol/L, p < 0.001) were significantly higher than those in controls (38.79 [29.50–53.60] μmol/L). Glutamate levels were not significantly different between participants with EM and CM (p = 0.075). There was no significant association of plasma glutamate levels with headache frequency (exponential and 95% confidence interval, 1.285 [0.941–1.755]) and intensity (mild, 59.95 [59.95–59.95] μmol/L vs. moderate, 52.76 [40.83–106.89] μmol/L vs. severe, 55.16 [42.34–68.03] μmol/L, p = 0.472). The plasma glutamate level is a potential indicator for EM and CM.
Forced convection flow of water conveying AA7072 and AA7075 alloys-nanomaterials on variable thickness object experiencing Dufour and Soret effects
Authors: Khan Umair , Zaib A. , Abu Bakar Sakhinah , Ishak Anuar
Published: April 2022

Hybrid nanofluids containing titanium alloy particles have a large class of applications in industrial plastics and soaps, microsensors, aerospace material designs, optical filters, nanowires, surgical implants, and a variety of biological applications. This paper presents a mathematical analysis of Soret and Dufour impacts on the radiative flow through a thin moving needle of binary hybrid alloys nanoparticles. The transformed ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the built-in function, bvp4c, in MATLAB software. The influences of all relevant parameters are shown in figures and tables. Two outcomes are developed for a precise range of the velocity ratio parameter. In particular, dual solutions are obtained when the needle and the fluid move in the opposite directions, while the solution is unique when they move in the same direction. The outcomes disclose that addition of nanoparticles into the base fluid upsurges the shear stress and the Nusselt number while decreasing the Sherwood number. Meanwhile, an upsurge in the needle size results in an uplift of the temperature and the concentration for the upper branch solution, whereas the velocity declines.
Evaluation of corneal nerves and dendritic cells by in vivo confocal microscopy after Descemet’s membrane keratoplasty for bullous keratopathy
Authors: Shimizu Toshiki , Hayashi Takahiko , Ishida Atsuyuki , Kobayashi Akira , Yamaguchi Takefumi , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Yuda Kenji , Yamagami Satoru
Published: April 2022

This study evaluated changes in corneal nerves and the number of dendritic cells (DCs) in corneal basal epithelium following Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) surgery for bullous keratopathy (BK). Twenty-three eyes from 16 consecutive patients that underwent DMEK for BK were included. Eyes of age-matched patients that underwent pre-cataract surgery (12 eyes) were used as controls. In vivo confocal microscopy was performed pre- and postoperatively at 6, 12, and 24 months. Corneal nerve length, corneal nerve trunks, number of branches, and the number of DCs were determined. The total corneal nerve length of 1634.7 ± 1389.1 μm/mm2 before surgery was significantly increased in a time-dependent manner to 4485.8 ± 1403.7 μm/mm2, 6949.5 ± 1477.1 μm/mm2, and 9389.2 ± 2302.2 μm/mm2 at 6, 12, and 24 months after DMEK surgery, respectively. The DC density in BK cornea pre- and postoperatively at 6 months was significantly higher than in the controls, and decreased postoperatively at 12 and 24 months and was significantly lower than that at 6 months postoperatively. Thus, our results suggest that DMEK can repair and normalize the corneal environment.
Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis caused by metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kim Sungwon , Kim Jin Hyoung , Ko Gi-Young , Gwon Dong Il , Shin Ji Hoon , Yoon Hyun-Ki
Published: April 2022

Because of its extremely rare incidence, the safety and efficacy of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for the treatment of hemoptysis caused by pulmonary metastasis from HCC are not well known. We therefore evaluated the safety and efficacy of BAE in these patients. Data from 18 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pulmonary metastasis who received BAE for the treatment of hemoptysis between 2003 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Technical and clinical success were achieved in 100% and 94% of patients, respectively. Of the 18 embolization procedures, six were performed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles only, five were performed using gelfoam only, three were performed using gelfoam plus microcoils, one was performed using PVA plus microcoils, one was performed using embospheres, one was performed using lipiodol plus PVA and gelfoam, and one was performed using hystoacryl with microballoon protection. In eight patients for whom CT just before BAE and at follow-up were available, the mean size of the largest metastatic tumor decreased from 5.1 to 3.7 cm (P = 0.035). Hemoptysis recurred in three patients (17%) during follow-up. The median overall and hemoptysis-free survival periods were 149 days and 132 days, respectively. BAE is an effective and safe option for the treatment of hemoptysis in patients with pulmonary metastasis from HCC, with a favorable clinical success rate and a low rate of hemoptysis recurrence. In addition, we also observed BAE to have a positive antitumor effect on pulmonary metastases from HCC, but this requires confirmation in a future study.
The bryophyte community as bioindicator of heavy metals in a waterfall outflow
Authors: Printarakul Narin , Meeinkuirt Weeradej
Published: April 2022

The species diversity and heavy metal accumulation in bryophytes were determined in Huay Pah Lahd stream in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Thailand. Eight bryophytes from two major taxonomic groupings (epilithic mosses and liverworts) were investigated. Of these, Fissidens crispulus var. crispulus was the most dominant taxon with an importance value (IV) of 28.98%, while Ectropothecium zollingeri, Claopodium prionophyllum, and Hyophila involuta were also dominant taxa with IV ≥ 10%. Scopelophila cataractae, a rare moss species with the lowest IV (0.91%) had the greatest capacity to accumulate metals in tissue, particularly Fe, Zn, Cd and Cu in protonemata (8026.7, 1187.2, 16.9 and 530.1 mg kg−1, respectively). The highest enrichment factors (EFs) of Zn, Cd and Cu (5.3, 2.4 and 0.9, respectively) were also found in S. cataractae, while the highest EFMn (1.1) was found in H. involuta. Enrichment factors of most heavy metals were < 5 from the study bryophytes, which suggests that natural processes were the key source of heavy metals. Dilution effects caused by increased water volume during the rainy season may be responsible for low pollutant loads and the maintenance of good water quality in this waterfall stream, which is favorable for biota and general environmental health.
Urodynamic study findings and related influential factors in pediatric spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Sun Huizhen , Gu Baojun , Zhan Qijia , Wei Min , Li Sen , Chen Fang , Xiao Bo
Published: April 2022

To investigate the urodynamic study (UDS) result in pediatric patients suffering from spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Medical records of patients diagnosed CP having pre-operative UDS results underwent selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) from Jan. 2020 to May. 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-seven cases diagnosed spastic CP were included in the study (mean age, 6.73 ± 2.84 years), among which, 46 were ambulatory and 11 non-ambulatory. Average gross motor function measure-66 (GMFM-66) score was 62.16 ± 11.39. Reduced bladder capacity was seen in 49.12% of these cases and cases with lower GMFM-66 score possessed a higher incidence rate of having low bladder capacity (p < 0.01). Detrusor overactivity (DO) was shown in 33.33% of the patients. Cases with younger age presented a higher prevalence of DO (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, more non-ambulant patients suffered from DO (p < 0.05). Increased post-voiding residual (PVR) was seen in 21.05% of the cases. Those with higher average threshold in sphincter-associated input spinal nerve roots (rootlets) witnessed a higher rate of having abnormal PVR (p < 0.05). Abnormal UDS results were prevalent in pediatric patients suffering from CP. Motor function, age and threshold of their sphincter-associated spinal nerve roots laid corresponding effect on the abnormal UDS results.
Large size in aquatic tetrapods compensates for high drag caused by extreme body proportions
Authors: Gutarra Susana , Stubbs Thomas L. , Moon Benjamin C. , Palmer Colin , Benton Michael J.
Published: April 2022

Various Mesozoic marine reptile lineages evolved streamlined bodies and efficient lift-based swimming, as seen in modern aquatic mammals. Ichthyosaurs had low-drag bodies, akin to modern dolphins, but plesiosaurs were strikingly different, with long hydrofoil-like limbs and greatly variable neck and trunk proportions. Using computational fluid dynamics, we explore the effect of this extreme morphological variation. We find that, independently of their body fineness ratio, plesiosaurs produced more drag than ichthyosaurs and modern cetaceans of equal mass due to their large limbs, but these differences were not significant when body size was accounted for. Additionally, necks longer than twice the trunk length can substantially increase the cost of forward swimming, but this effect was cancelled out by the evolution of big trunks. Moreover, fast rates in the evolution of neck proportions in the long-necked elasmosaurs suggest that large trunks might have released the hydrodynamic constraints on necks thus allowing their extreme enlargement.
Loss of SIRT1 inhibits hematopoietic stem cell aging and age-dependent mixed phenotype acute leukemia
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Chunxiao , Warden Charles David , Liu Zheng , Yuan Yate-Ching , Guo Chao , Wang Charles , Wang Jinhui , Wu Xiwei , Ermel Richard , Vonderfecht Steven L. , Wang Xiuli , Brown Christine , Forman Stephen , Yang Yaling , James You M. , Chen WenYong
Published: April 2022

Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is linked to various blood disorders and malignancies. SIRT1 has been implicated in healthy aging, but its role in HSC aging is poorly understood. Surprisingly, we found thatSirt1knockout improved the maintenance of quiescence of aging HSCs and their functionality as well as mouse survival in serial bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients. The majority of secondary and tertiary BMT recipients of aging wild type donor cells developed B/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), which was markedly inhibited bySirt1knockout. SIRT1 inhibition also reduced the growth and survival of human B/myeloid MPAL cells.Sirt1knockout suppressed global gene activation in old HSCs, prominently the genes regulating protein synthesis and oxidative metabolism, which may involve multiple downstream transcriptional factors. Our results demonstrate an unexpected role of SIRT1 in promoting HSC aging and age-dependent MPAL and suggest SIRT1 may be a new therapeutic target for modulating functions of aging HSCs and treatment of MPAL.
Terahertz displacive excitation of a coherent Raman-active phonon in V2O3
Authors: Giorgianni Flavio , Udina Mattia , Cea Tommaso , Paris Eugenio , Caputo Marco , Radovic Milan , Boie Larissa , Sakai Joe , Schneider Christof W. , Johnson Steven Lee
Published: April 2022

Nonlinear processes involving frequency-mixing of light fields set the basis for ultrafast coherent spectroscopy of collective modes in solids. In certain semimetals and semiconductors, generation of coherent phonon modes can occur by a displacive force on the lattice at the difference-frequency mixing of a laser pulse excitation on the electronic system. Here, as a low-frequency counterpart of this process, we demonstrate that coherent phonon excitations can be induced by the sum-frequency components of an intense terahertz light field, coupled to intraband electronic transitions. This nonlinear process leads to charge-coupled coherent dynamics of Raman-active phonon modes in the strongly correlated metal V2O3. Our results show an alternative up-conversion pathway for the optical control of Raman-active modes in solids mediated by terahertz-driven electronic excitation.
Apigenin alleviated PA-induced pyroptosis by activating autophagy in hepatocytes
Authors: Meng Zhuoqun , Zhu Beiwei , Gao Min , Wang Guang , Zhou Hongjiang , Lu Jing , Guan Shuang
Published: April 2022

Apigenin inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by activating autophagy, so as to alleviate the pyroptosis of hepatocytes induced by PA.
Design and synthesis of spirooxindole–pyrrolidines embedded with indole and pyridine heterocycles by multicomponent reaction: anticancer and in silico studies
Authors: Mayakrishnan Sivakalai , Kathirvelan Devarajan , Arun Yuvaraj , Saranraj Krishnan , Balachandran Chandrasekaran , Aoki Shin , Yuvaraj Pannerselvam , Maheswarai Narayanan Uma
Published: April 2022

We report the synthesis of spirooxindole–pyrrolidines tethered with indole and pyridine heterocycles using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, and their anticancer activities and molecular docking studies.
Cation effect on ionic liquid-involved polymer electrolytes for solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Lin Xiujing , Liu Xinshuang , Xu Shiyuan , Liu Zeyu , Zhao Cuie , Liu Ruiqing , Li Pan , Feng Xiaomiao , Ma Yanwen
Published: April 2022

The effect of ionic liquids with varied cations on the electrochemical performance of Li/LiFePO4batteries is investigated in terms of cationic solvation.
Revisiting Mg solubility in CuO nanorods: limit probed by neutron diffraction and effect on the particle toxicity towards bacteria in water
Authors: Clavier Batiste , Zhadan Antonii , Baptiste Téo , Boucher Fabien , Guiet Amandine , Porcher Florence , Brezová Vlasta , Roques Christine , Corbel Gwenaël
Published: April 2022

The limit of Mg solubility in bactericidal CuO nanorods detected by neutron powder diffraction.
Hepatoprotective effects of different mulberry leaf extracts against acute liver injury in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response
Authors: Yu Yanfang , Chen Yuhuan , Shi Xuping , Ye Chuan , Wang Junwen , Huang Jinzhi , Zhang Bing , Deng Zeyuan
Published: April 2022

Three extracts of mulberry leaves exhibit different hepatoprotective effects, which are strongly related to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Synthesis of SOT-OH and its application as a building block for the synthesis of new dimeric and trimeric Spiro-OMeTAD materials
Authors: Cariello Michele , Pant Namrata , Harkiss Alexander H. , Tracey Frances M. , Cameron Joseph , Skabara Peter J. , Holliman Peter J. , Docampo Pablo , Cooke Graeme
Published: April 2022

Dimer and trimer analogues of Spiro-OMeTAD are porous hole transport materials with improved conductivity compared to the parent material and give higher power conversion efficiencies in perovskite solar cells.
Review on LSPR assisted photocatalysis: effects of physical fields and opportunities in multifield decoupling
Authors: Lv Sijia , Du Yanping , Wu Feitong , Cai Yichong , Zhou Tao
Published: April 2022

The review of synergistic influence of optical, electric, magnetic, and thermal physical fields on the LSPR-assisted photocatalysis. Numerical methods with nano-scale visualization and decoupling calculations are specifically discussed.
Dependence between luminescence properties of Cu(i) complexes and electronic/structural parameters derived from steric effects
Authors: Santander-Nelli Mireya , Cortés-Arriagada Diego , Sanhueza Luis , Dreyse Paulina
Published: April 2022

Quantification of steric effects induced by bulky N^N ligands and their relationship with the luminescence properties of Cu(i) complexes.
Conformable on-skin supercapacitor-integrated, strain sensor based on multioxidant-functionalized thermoplastic polyurethane/reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole composite films
Authors: Park Daedong , Selvam Samayanan , Yim Jin-Heong
Published: April 2022

A hybrid system comprising a conformable on-skin supercapacitor-integrated and strain sensor was developed and found to perform well as a supercapacitor and sensor, with good biocompatibility. This system will be suitable for skin-wearable smart electronic devices.
Precursor-converted formation of bimetallic–organic framework nanosheets for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Xia Lei , Bowers Crystal , Dong Pei , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: April 2022

A precursor-converted method is adopted to synthesize 2D NiFe-MOF nanosheets from NiFe-LDH, which demonstrates excellent catalytic OER performance.
Cycloaddition of di-substituted epoxides and CO2under ambient conditions catalysed by rare-earth poly(phenolate) complexes
Authors: Qing Yuting , Liu Tiantian , Zhao Bei , Bao Xiaoguang , Yuan Dan , Yao Yingming
Published: April 2022

Lanthanum complex 1/TBAI is the first catalyst to achieve the cycloaddition of 1,2-disubstituted epoxides with 1 bar CO2at room temperature. A DFT study discloses that the poly(phenolato) ligand plays a key role in the product dissociation step.
Luminometric dosimetry of X-ray radiation by a zwitterionic uranium coordination polymer
Authors: Zheng Zhaofa , Qiu Jie , Lu Huangjie , Wang Jian-Qiang , Lin Jian
Published: April 2022

A novel X-ray dosimeter based on a uranium coordination polymer has been developed by the judicious synergy between the luminescent uranyl centres and zwitterionic tritopic ligands.
Novel 2D-AuSe nanostructures as effective platinum replacement counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Mposa Esmie , Sithole Rudo K. , Ndala Zakhele , Ngubeni Grace N. , Mubiayi Kalenga P. , Shumbula Poslet M. , Machogo-Phao Lerato F. E. , Moloto Nosipho
Published: April 2022

Studies to improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) include, but are not limited to, finding alternatives such as 2D layered materials as replacement counter electrodes (CEs) to the commonly used Pt.
Temporal evolution of viscoelasticity of soft colloid laden air–water interface: a multiple mode microrheology study
Authors: Jose Merin , Lokesh Muruga , Vaippully Rahul , Satapathy Dillip K. , Roy Basudev
Published: April 2022

Mechanical properties of particle laden interfaces is crucial for various applications.
Theoretical prediction of Janus PdXO (X = S, Se, Te) monolayers: structural, electronic, and transport properties
Authors: Vu Tuan V. , Phuc Huynh V. , Ahmad Sohail , Hoi Bui D. , Hieu Nguyen V. , Al-Qaisi Samah , Kartamyshev A. I. , Hieu Nguyen N.
Published: April 2022

Due to the broken vertical symmetry, the Janus material possesses many extraordinary physico-chemical and mechanical properties that cannot be found in original symmetric materials.
Cordyceps sinensis-mediated biotransformation of notoginsenoside R1 into 25-OH-20(S/R)-R2 with elevated cardioprotective effect against DOX-induced cell injury
Authors: Liu Jishuang , Xin Yu , Qiu Zhidong , Zhang Qi , He Tianzhu , Qiu Ye , Wang Weinan
Published: April 2022

The biocatalytic system in this paper preferably yielded 25-OH notoginsenoside R2 from R1 in a regioselective manner. Such a process significantly elevated the effects of these 25-OH derivatives against DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injury.
In silicoscreening for oligopeptides useful as capture and reporting probes for interleukin-6 biosensing
Authors: Mastouri Mohamed , Baachaoui Sabrine , Mosbah Amor , Raouafi Noureddine
Published: April 2022

In silicodesign by docking and molecular dynamics of short peptides that can selectively recognize IL-6 for biosensing purposes.
Rapid preparation of ZnO nanocomposite hydrogels by frontal polymerization of a ternary DES and performance study
Authors: Li Bin , Zhou Mengjing , Cheng Ming , Liu Jizhen , Xu Xiaojia , Xie Xiangyu
Published: April 2022

This study provides a rapid and low-energy method for the preparation of nanocomposite hydrogels with excellent antibacterial properties.
Light-driven oxidation of CH4 to C1 chemicals catalysed by an organometallic Ru complex with O2
Authors: Nakano Tatsuya , Abe Tsukasa , Matsumoto Takahiro , Kimura Kento , Nakamura Genta , Hayami Shinya , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Ogo Seiji
Published: April 2022

We have achieved aerobic transformation of methane to C1 chemicals catalysed by a homogeneous organometallic catalyst with light energy input.
Synthesis of renewable diesel and jet fuel range alkanes using 2-methylfuran and cyclohexanone
Authors: Sun Shaoying , Zhang Xing , Li Yanqing , Shao Xianzhao , Ji Jianwei , Liu Junhai , Wang Wei , Li Zhizhou , Ji Xiaohui
Published: April 2022

New solid acid catalysts were prepared by bisphenol A, paraformaldehyde, and applied to HAA of 2-methylfuran (2-MF) and cyclohexanone. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of HAA products of 2-MF and cyclopentanone were processed on Ni/SiO2 catalyst.
Palladium-catalysed difluoroolefination of benzyl tosylates toward the synthesis of gem-difluoro-2-trifluromethyl styrene derivatives
Authors: Xu Jie , Liu Jiangjun , Chen Gang , Xiong Baojian , Zhang Xuemei , Lian Zhong
Published: April 2022

We presented an efficient method to access gem-difluoro-2-trifluromethyl styrene derivatives via palladium catalysis, which features mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope.
Correlation-enhanced spin–orbit coupling in a quantum anomalous Hall insulator Fe2Br2 monolayer with a large band gap and robust ferromagnetism
Authors: Guo San-Dong , Zhu Yu-Tong , Xin Jia-Lin , Liu Bang-Gui
Published: April 2022

The large gap is due to correlation-enhanced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect of Fe atoms, which equates with artificially increasing the strength of SOC without electronic correlation.
Waste reducing efforts in the kitchen area of the hotel industry using lean management (a case study of XYZ hotel in Bogor)
Authors: Kartinawati Annisa , Tutur Risyahadi Sazli , Muhammad Bashar Firman
Published: April 2022

In the hotel kitchen, the production activities, from preparing raw materials to serving dishes, potentially produce waste. This research investigated the application of lean management in the kitchen area of the hotel industry and to find out its suitability and the possibility to optimize resources. Lean Assessment, Value Stream Mapping (VSM) preparation, and priority selection of lean tools with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used as the methods. Results revealed that the lean assessment on the production aspect, namely the multi-skill worker and 5S, have been implemented. Based on the VSM, breakfast dish products are processed in semi-finished form during the day and then left for a particular time to be re-processed before breakfast time. There are three lean tools priorities calculated using AHP, (1) the application of a pull system both in production and at suppliers, (2) forming a Kaizen team, (3) visual management, and four criteria weighted by pairwise comparisons, (1) Implementation costs, (2) Implementation Time, (3) Relating to Hotel KPI, and (4) Sustainability of results. The final values of the total alternative priorities show that the highest weight values are Kaizen team (0.643), visual management (0.283), and implementation of Kanban (0.074), consecutively.
Reducing the product defects using lean production perspective: a case study at CV Cita Nasional
Authors: Wijaya Hendri , Rohmasari Yulita , Asmoro Kaundy Hanif , Pratama Kurnia Indah Rizqi , Bagus Nurjaya Ide
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the issues of how to reduce pasteurized milk defects as part of waste in a lean production system. Product defects are the most important problem faced by the dairy enterprise daily. This problem makes production costs higher and decreases the profit. A set of seven tools and methods is used to identify and analyse the defect problem, and then make a solution plan. Value Stream Mapping is used to describe the current condition of the production system and make improvement planning. The lean production concept has been successfully used not only to find ways to reduce product defect, but also to plan and eliminate other wastes in the pasteurized-homogenized milk production process. Waste found and eliminated are production lead time, transportation, waiting time, defective products, and downtime machines. Overall, the research results in a reduction of overtime for 41 minutes, and make downtime on the packaging machine to become 0 minutes.
The Role of Dipping Duck Hatching Eggs with Cherry Leaf Extract as Natural Sanitizers on Hatching Performance and Eggshell Bacterial Counts
Authors: Ayuningtyas Gilang , Martini Rina , Yulianti Wina
Published: April 2022

The research aim is to study the role of dipping duck hatching eggs with cherry leaf extract as a natural sanitizer on hatching performance and eggshell bacterial counts. A number of 533 Alabio duck hatching eggs were used in this study. Hatching eggs produced from The College of Vocational Studies IPB University; were collected three times a day. Five hundred thirty-three hatching eggs were divided into five treatment groups. The first group was as control, the second was dipping into commercial disinfection, and the third and the fifth group were dipping into cherry leaf extract with concentrations 250 ppm, 500 ppm, and 750 ppm, respectively. The results showed eggshell bacterial counts from cherry leaf extract 750 ppm is not significantly different from commercial disinfection treatment. The bacterial count is lower than other treatments. The dipping treatment of 750 ppm cherry leaf extract in Alabio duck hatching eggs resulted in the lowest embryo mortality and the highest hatchability compared to other treatments. The highest hatchability percentage was in the cherry leaf extract treatment of 750 ppm (90.9%) and the lowest was in the control (75.2%).
Financial Feasibility Analysis of Product Modification Katuk and Spinach Brownies Tartlet as an Alternative Breastfeeding Mother's Snack
Authors: Emi Widyasari RA.Hangesti , Nurdialy Mela , Fadhilah Jihan
Published: April 2022

Katuk and spinach brownies tartlet products from katuk leaves as a source of galactagogue and spinach, rich in iron, can help breastfeeding mothers in exclusive breastfeeding for six months. This study aims to modify the katuk and spinach brownies tartlet products and analyze these products' financial feasibility. This research makes brownies tartlet. This tartlet uses katuk leaves and spinach. This study indicates that the energy content in one product is 288 cal, carbohydrate 30.2 g, Protein 5.2 g, fat 17.9 g, and iron 0.8 mg. Financial feasibility analysis results showed that BEP of production of 37.820 pieces, BEP of sales of IDR 189.102.195; Return on Sales of 23.4%; Return on Investment (ROI) of 189.5%; NPV of IDR 91.831.077 and PBP during 0.55 year, Discounted Payback Period (DPBP) of 0.60 years, Profitability Index of 2.38 and Accounting Rates of Returns (ARR) of 52.6%. Based on scenario analysis, katuk and spinach brownies tartlet is feasible for business if minimum sales of 72% of products. Based on the financial feasibility analysis comparison data above, katuk and spinach brownies tartlets are more profitable than pineapple carrot juice business; chocolate spread with coconut ingredients business, and banana chips
A multiplicity of statistical models for modeling the degeneracy of living communicating holons
Authors: Pastor Dominique , Beurier Erwan , Thomas-Vaslin Véronique
Published: April 2022

Communicating living systems detect and process a multiplicity of events with degeneracy, to continuously cope with environmental aleatoric incertitude. The concept of holon, communicating at various scales of living organizations, is hereafter formalized through dynamical systems driven by the multiplicity of statistical models. Then, the stimulus-response of elementary biological holons can be modeled by memoryless Boolean automata with different signal processing methods, in presence of noise and stochastic interference. Detection of a specified signal, to update the automaton state, can be performed via multiple families of update functions, with differentiated balances between sensitivity and specificity in presence of interference: (i) Neyman-Pearson update functions provide the best possible sensitivity to detect the signal of interest in absence of interference, but cannot guarantee a desired specificity; (ii) by detecting large amplitudes of any signal in noise, update functions based on Random Distortion Testing yield a suboptimal sensitivity to detect the signal in noise, but guarantee a wanted specificity even in presence of interference. Thus, statistical inference theories offer functional and structural redundancy and open prospects to model fractal-like holarchies, via networks of communicating degenerated automata, to feature properties of the immune system.
Disorder-induced quantum-to-classical transition, or how the world becomes classical
Authors: Bringuier Eric
Published: April 2022

Decoherence theory explains how quantum mechanics gives rise to classical mechanics through the entanglement of a quantum system’s evolution with the degrees of freedom of the environment. The present article explores another pathway from the quantum to the classical behaviour. We consider a spinless particle interacting with a disordered landscape of potential energy. The matterwave evolution is handled within time-dependent quantum statistical mechanics, in which the wave function is replaced by a Wigner function defined in position-momentum space. Upon zooming out to scales exceeding the correlation length of the disorder, it is found that the description only involves the state populations as defined in classical statistical physics. Quantum coherence effects are significant only over smaller spatial scales, where they give rise to a noise superimposing on the classical description. The waning of coherence, which reflects the emergence of classicality, is due to the multiple scattering of matter waves; and the framework may be viewed as a stochastic wave mechanics.
The quantum taste of hydrogen
Authors: Depondt Philippe , Huppert Simon , Finocchi Fabio
Published: April 2022

Electronic properties of materials are dominated by quantum effects, but nuclei, being much heavier, are usually treated as classical particles. This approximation, although tremendously convenient, is not always valid, even in close to ambient pressure and temperature conditions, especially when light nuclei such as hydrogen are involved. Zero point energy and proton tunneling can be relevant. Isotopic effects, obtained by replacing hydrogen with deuterium, are observed experimentally and are a clear indication of Nuclear Quantum Effects (NQE) since mean values obtained through classical statistical physics do not depend on mass. Introducing NQEs into simulations at an acceptable computational cost raises fundamental questions and yields subtle and unexpected results.
Mesospheric ionization during substorm growth phase
Authors: Murase Kiyoka , Kataoka Ryuho , Nishiyama Takanori , Nishimura Koji , Hashimoto Taishi , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Kadokura Akira , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Tsutsumi Masaki , Ogawa Yasunobu , Uchida Herbert Akihito , Sato Kaoru , Kasahara Satoshi , Mitani Takefumi , Yokota Shoichiro , Hori Tomoaki , Keika Kunihiro , Takashima Takeshi , Kasahara Yoshiya , Matsuda Shoya , Shoji Masafumi , Matsuoka Ayako , Shinohara Iku , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Sato Tatsuhiko , Ebihara Yusuke , Tanaka Takashi
Published: April 2022

Many studies have been conducted about the impact of energetic charged particles on the atmosphere during geomagnetically active times, while quiet time effects are poorly understood. We identified two energetic electron precipitation (EEP) events during the growth phase of moderate substorms and estimated the mesospheric ionization rate for an EEP event for which the most comprehensive dataset from ground-based and space-born instruments was available. The mesospheric ionization signature reached below 70 km altitude and continued for ~15 min until the substorm onset, as observed by the PANSY radar and imaging riometer at Syowa Station in the Antarctic region. We also used energetic electron flux observed by the Arase and POES 15 satellites as the input for the air-shower simulation code PHITS to quantitatively estimate the mesospheric ionization rate. The calculated ionization level due to the precipitating electrons is consistent with the observed value of cosmic noise absorption. The possible spatial extent of EEP is estimated to be ~8 h MLT in longitude and ~1.5° in latitude from a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation REPPU and the precipitating electron observations by the POES satellite, respectively. Such a significant duration and spatial extent of EEP events suggest a non-negligible contribution of the growth phase EEP to the mesospheric ionization. Combining the cutting-edge observations and simulations, we shed new light on the space weather impact of the EEP events during geomagnetically quiet times, which is important to understand the possible link between the space environment and climate.
Auditory Temporal and Spectral Resolution in Normal and Impaired Hearing
Authors: Larsby Birgitta , Arlinger Stig
Published: April 2022

Temporal, spectral, and combined temporal-spectral resolution of hearing was assessed by recording masked hearing thresholds. The masker was an octave band noise. Spectral resolution was assessed by introducing a spectral gap of half an octave bandwidth in the masker. A 50–msec gap assessed temporal resolution. The spectral and temporal gaps were used separately or simultaneously. Normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects participated. For each masking condition, the subjects were tested at masker levels 50, 60, 70, and 80 dB SPL and at test-tone frequencies 0.5,1, 2, and 4 kHz. Normal-hearing subjects showed reduced masking with spectral and temporal gaps. The combination of spectral and temporal gap reduced masking further. The release of masking was dependent upon the masker level. Hearing-impaired subjects showed less release of masking than normal-hearing subjects. The degree of hearing impairment was inversely related to release of masking. Reliability of the test procedure was assessed.

Abbreviations: HI = hearing impaired, MCL = most comfortable level, NH = normal hearing, OAD = obscure auditory dysfunction, RoM = release of masking
The call of ordinariness: peer interaction and superdiversity within the civil sphere
Authors: Tajic Denis , Lund Anna
Published: April 2022

Previous research conducted in Swedish schools and beyond has shown how newly arrived migrant students are excluded by peers from the majority population and by longer-term residents. The novelty of the present article is its focus on the opposite: how peer interaction between newly arrived and other students arises in superdiverse school settings and what this interaction means for newly arrived migrant students. A multidimensional theoretical perspective with a focus on social interaction within school is utilized to illuminate the drama of social life. Ideals of the civil sphere, superdiversity, habitus and conviviality are combined, the goal being to create links between macro- and micro-levels. Peer interaction is analyzed as meaningful per se, rather than as an exchange value. This is valuable from a subjective perspective in relation to the notion that being ordinary is a key to belonging. The analysis shows the lived interconnectedness between ideals, institutions, practices, and individuals’ life experiences. The data are drawn from ethnographic fieldwork undertaken during one academic year in two middle schools [högstadiet] and 42 interviews with newly arrived migrant students and school staff in Sweden.
The role of population size in folk tune complexity
Authors: Street Sally E. , Eerola Tuomas , Kendal Jeremy R.
Published: April 2022

Demography, particularly population size, plays a key role in cultural complexity. However, the relationship between population size and complexity appears to vary across domains: while studies of technology typically find a positive correlation, the opposite is true for language, and the role of population size in complexity in the arts remains to be established. Here, we investigate the relationship between population size and complexity in music using Irish folk session tunes as a case study. Using analyses of a large online folk tune dataset, we show that popular tunes played by larger communities of musicians have diversified into a greater number of different versions which encompass more variation in melodic complexity compared with less popular tunes. However, popular tunes also tend to be intermediate in melodic complexity and variation in complexity for popular tunes is lower than expected given the increased number of tune versions. We also find that user preferences for individual tune versions are more skewed in popular tunes. Taken together, these results suggest that while larger populations create more frequent opportunities for musical innovation, they encourage convergence upon intermediate levels of melodic complexity due to a widespread inverse U-shaped relationship between complexity and aesthetic preference. We explore the assumptions underlying our empirical analyses further using simple simulations of tune diffusion through populations of different sizes, finding that a combination of biased copying and structured populations appears most consistent with our results. Our study demonstrates a unique relationship between population size and cultural complexity in the arts, confirming that the relationship between population size and cultural complexity is domain-dependent, rather than universal.
Evaluation and drivers of global low-carbon economies based on satellite data
Authors: Chen Jiandong , Gao Ming , Cheng Shulei , Xu Yiyin , Song Malin , Liu Yu , Hou Wenxuan , Wang Shuhong
Published: April 2022

Global warming is one of the largest challenges humankind is facing in this century, and how to achieve low-carbon economy has become one of the most attractive topics of global concern. However, evaluations of the low-carbon economy are insufficient due to limited methodologies and data availability. In this study, satellite data (i.e., night-time light data and net primary production) were employed to estimate the net economic output (neo), and ratio of neo to the GDP (reo), which can be used to assess the quantity and quality of worldwide low-carbon economies. Based on panel vector autoregression (pvar) analysis, we further discussed the drivers of neo and reo in global climate change mitigation towards a better low-carbon society. The results show that: (1) only France and the United Kingdom ranked within the top 10 in terms of the neo and reo in 2019, implying that they were successful in increasing both quantity and quality of low-carbon economic development; (2) the pvar analysis presented that the increase of reo granger-caused neo growth, and net primary production increment greatly helped raise the worldwide reo; (3) raising CO2 abatement policy stringency can play a major role in improving the quality of low carbon economy countries with poor quantity and quality, but it cannot significantly promote groups with high reo. Additionally, the results of this study also provided basic data, such as our calibrated global 1 × 1 km gridded night-time light data during 1992–2019 for research regarding low-carbon economy and other sustainable development issues.
Surface modifications transform titanium alloys into biomaterials
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: April 2022

Improvements to the metal, made via physical, chemical, electrochemical, and surface plastic deformation technologies, can overcome biocompatibility issues for hard-tissue implants
Numerical performance assessment of double-shell targets for Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum
Authors: Chu Y. Y. , Wang Z. , Qi J. M. , Xu Z. P. , Li Z. H.
Published: April 2022

A Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum can create the high-temperature radiation field required by indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion. A dynamic hohlraum with peak radiation temperature over 300 eV can be obtained with a >50 MA Z-pinch driver according to the scaling law of dynamic hohlraum radiation temperature vs drive current. Based on a uniform 300 eV radiation temperature profile with a width of 10 ns, three double-shell capsules with radii of 2, 2.5, and 3 mm are proposed, and the corresponding fusion yields from a one-dimensional calculation are 28.8, 56.1, and 101.6 MJ. The implosion dynamics of the 2.5 mm-radius capsule is investigated in detail. At ignition, the areal density of the fuel is about 0.53 g/cm2, the fuel pressure is about 80 Gbar, and the central ion temperature is about 4.5 keV, according to the one-dimensional simulation. A two-dimensional simulation indicates that the double-shell capsule can implode nearly spherically when driven by the radiation field of a Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum. The sensitivities of the fusion performance to the radiation temperature profiles and to deviations in the capsule parameter are investigated through one-dimensional simulation, and it is found that the capsule fusion yields are rather stable in a quite large parameter space. A one-dimensional simulation of a capsule embedded in 50 mg/cm3 CH foam indicates that the capsule performance does not change greatly in the mimicked environment of a Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum. The double-shell capsules designed here are also applicable to laser indirect-drive inertial fusion, if a laser facility can produce a uniform 300 eV radiation field and sustain it for about 10 ns.
The mechanobiology of nuclear phase separation
Authors: Lee Daniel S. W. , Strom Amy R. , Brangwynne Clifford P.
Published: April 2022

The cell nucleus can be thought of as a complex, dynamic, living material, which functions to organize and protect the genome and coordinate gene expression. These functions are achieved via intricate mechanical and biochemical interactions among its myriad components, including the nuclear lamina, nuclear bodies, and the chromatin itself. While the biophysical organization of the nuclear lamina and chromatin have been thoroughly studied, the concept that liquid–liquid phase separation and related phase transitions play a role in establishing nuclear structure has emerged only recently. Phase transitions are likely to be intimately coupled to the mechanobiology of structural elements in the nucleus, but their interplay with one another is still not understood. Here, we review recent developments on the role of phase separation and mechanics in nuclear organization and discuss the functional implications in cell physiology and disease states.
Open inverted bell and bell formation during the washing of vials
Authors: Mohd Javed , Yadav Amar , Das Debopam
Published: April 2022

A range of fascinating flow features was observed while cleaning or filling the medicine or liquid vials in the kitchen sink by serendipity. Here, we present the formation of an open inverted bell and bell-shaped flow structures formed from the water sheet in a new geometric arrangement, hitherto unknown. When a laminar jet impinges on the surface of the liquid in the vial of marginally larger or similar diameter, an inverted open water bell is formed, which gradually changes into a flat water sheet to classical water bell as the flow rate is increased. The inverted water bell structures disintegrate by forming water ridges, which finally break down into different sizes of droplets.
Multiphase organization is a second phase transition within multi-component biomolecular condensates
Authors: Mazarakos Konstantinos , Zhou Huan-Xiang
Published: April 2022

We present a mean-field theoretical model, along with molecular dynamics simulations, to show that the multiphase organization of multi-component condensates is a second phase transition. Whereas the first phase transition that leads to the separation of condensates from the bulk phase is driven by the overall attraction among the macromolecular components, the second phase transition can be driven by the disparity in the strength between the self- and cross-species attraction. At a fixed level of disparity in interaction strengths, both of the phase transitions can be observed by decreasing the temperature, leading first to the separation of condensates from the bulk phase and then to component demixing inside condensates. The existence of a critical temperature for demixing and predicted binodals are verified by molecular dynamics simulations of model mixtures.