bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh-resolution distance meter using a frequency comb of a femtosecond mode-locked laser
Authors: Minoshima K. , Tomita T. , Nakayama H. , Yamaoka Y. , Matsumoto H.
Published: February 2020

High-resolution long-distance measurements have been required in many application fields such as optical geodesy, shape measurement of parabola antennae, and sensors. Conventionally, several methods have been used for length measurements. Optical length-measuring interferometer and time-of-flight measurement of optical pulses have been used for high-resolution measurements, however they are not suitable for long distances, because they require continuous scanning of the optical path as a reference. On the other hand, phase measurement of a sinusoidally modulated cw optical wave has been used for long distance measurement because real-time measurement without a scanning reference is possible [1]. In this method, either high-resolution phase meter or high-frequency modulation is required to realize high resolution in the distance measurement. Recently, high-frequency cw modulation as 28 GHz has been reported [2], but there was an inevitable problem that caused a large cyclic error, which was independent of the distance originating from electric and optical crosstalk due to an external modulator with a complex setup. We have developed an optical distance meter based on phase measurement of an intermode beat of a frequency comb using a mode-locked femtosecond laser [3]. It does not require an external modulator, thus we can significantly suppress the cyclic error and, moreover, the setup is simple, which is important for practical application. Furthermore, the femtosecond distance meter has marked advantages over cw methods in that it is suitable for multicolor measurement and is less sensitive to sharp absorption lines in air. These qualities are important for reliability and accuracy. In the previous study, we achieved 50 um resolution at a 240 m distance using 1 GHz beat frequency. Without a modulator, it is easy to utilize high frequency by simply selecting one of the beat components in the broad and stable frequency comb. In this study, we achieved ultrahigh one-micrometer resolution in the femtosecond distance meter by using up to 10 GHz components of beat frequencies.
High average power, >10kHz, ultrafast laser systems
Authors: Backus Sterling , Bartels Randy , Thompson Sarah , Christensen Scott , Kapteyn Henry , Murnane Margaret
Published: February 2020

We demonstrate a simple and practical, single-stage, ultrafast laser amplifier system that operates at a repetition frequency from 1 to 10kHz, with millijoule pulse energy, and up to 13W average power.
Continuum generation from a prism-less Ti:sapphire laser
Authors: Schibli T. R. , Matos L. M. , Grawert F. J. , Fujimoto J. G. , Kärtner F. X.
Published: February 2020

Kerr lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers are capable of ultra short pulse and continuum generation, and, therefore, have enabled many novel experiments in nonlinear optics, optical coherence tomography and frequency metrology [1,2,3] over the last years. The key issue in sub-10 fs laser systems is the precise compensation of the optical dispersion caused by the laser crystal and the air residing within the laser cavity. Therefore, dispersion compensating laser optics, i.e. various forms of chirped mirrors and multi-GTI-mirrors have been developed [4,5,6]. To date, extremely stable, all mirror-dispersion controlled Ti:sapphire lasers emitting 8 fs pulses with spectra extending over 105 nm full width at half-maximum (FWHM) have been demonstrated [7]. Additional use of prism pairs for dispersion compensation results in an increased flexibility in the mirror design and therefore, in pulses as short as 5 fs with octave spanning spectra directly from the laser [8,9]. Recently, it has been found, that the fluctuations in the intracavity beam-pointing angle translates into undesired dispersion fluctuations in lasers with prisms, which is detrimental in experiments concerned with carrier-envelope phase stabilization. In this paper, we present an all mirror-dispersion controlled Ti:sapphire laser, which generates sub-8fs pulses and most notably, emits over a spectral width as large as 250 nm (FWHM) and even generates significant spectrum over 400 nm on a logarithmic scale suitable for carrier-envelope phase stabilization based on interference of second and third harmonic light [3]. Due to the reduced intracavity-losses, an optical to optical efficiency of more than 10% in the mode-locked state is achieved allowing for pump-powers below 3 W with a total output power of typically 300 mW.
Octave spanning Femtosecond Laser at GHz repetition rates
Authors: Bartels A. , Kurz H.
Published: February 2020

A 5-element Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator with GHz repetition rate is reported whose spectrum ranges from approximately 560 nm to 1150 nm. Key element is a slightly convex cavity mirror. Accurate and broadband GDD control is not required.
Ultrafast polarization dynamics induced by the “virtual excitation” of spin-polarized carriers in semiconductors
Authors: Smirl Arthur L. , Gansen Eric J.
Published: February 2020

The ultrafast changes in the polarization state of a weak probe pulse induced by the creation of spin-polarized virtual carriers in a multiple quantum well are measured, discussed in terms of saturation and exciton-exciton interactions, and used to explain the operation of an all-optical switch.
Femtosecond Four-Wave Mixing for Molecule Based Computation
Authors: Lozovoy V. V. , Pastirk I. , Comstock M. , Walowicz K. A. , Dantus M.
Published: February 2020

Three shaped non-degenerate pulses can initialize a manifold of rovibronic states, store information, and perform a computation. Results from experiments carried out on molecular iodine will be presented.
Fast electron and ion emission from metal targets in intense femtosecond laser fields
Authors: Okano Yasuaki , Hironaka Yoichiro , Nakamura Kazutaka G. , Kondo Ken-ichi , Oishi Yuji , Nayuki Takuya , Nemoto Koshichi
Published: February 2020

Electron and ion emission has been studied by infrared 50-fs laser irradiation on copper and iron targets at power density between 1017 and 1018 W/cm2. Energies of electrons and ions are measured directly and they are found to be comparable to ponderomotive potential.
Induced Optical Tunnelling
Authors: Hirlimann Charles , Thomas Benjamin
Published: February 2020

François Bardou and Dominique Boosé recently published1 their discovery of a new induced tunnel effect, they named quantum evaporation. In this work they showed that, for a one-dimensional electron reflecting on an energy barrier, the stationary character of its eigen-functions could be broken under special conditions. If a small momentum is transferred to the electron at the time it reflects on the barrier, its wave-function is projected on the complete set of its stationary eigen-functions. A small momentum means that the energy transfer that accompanies the momentum transfer is negligible compared to the barrier height or at least that it does not allow for a jump of the particle above the barrier. The tunnelling probability of the electron is strongly enhanced by the momentum perturbation because the weight of the eigen-states with energies above the barrier becomes preponderant in the calculation of the tunnelling probability. This probability enhancement is independent on the sign of the momentum transfer: the electron can be pushed toward or pull out of the barrier; it only depends on the momentum amplitude in a quadratic way. The authors have showed that the momentum transfer is equivalent to a kinetic translation of the barrier.
Photonic wavepacket in whispering-gallery modes
Authors: Kawashima H. , Hasama T.
Published: February 2020

We have generated a wavepacket in optical whispering-gallery modes of a dielectric sphere and observed its round trip motion along the periphery. The data is compared with the calculation based on a Mie scattering theory.
Determination of HHG spectrum by measuring the mutual coherence
Authors: Bartels Randy , Backus Sterling , Paul Ariel , Kapteyn Henry , Murnane Margaret , Liu Yanwei , Attwood David
Published: February 2020

The interference pattern resulting from a double slit (or pinhole pair) is commonly used to measure the spatial coherence properties of a light source in the visible1, as well as in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV)2,3 regions of the spectrum. This interference pattern results from the path difference of the incident light field from each slit to the observation point. In a standard spatial coherence measurement, the incident field is assumed to be quasi-monochromatic, so that temporal coherence effects are isolated from a measurement of spatial coherence. However, under conditions where a broad bandwidth source illuminates a pinhole pair, the interference pattern will contain both temporal and spatial coherence information of the source, as well as the power spectrum. In this talk we show that the spectrum of a beam can be extracted from a measurement of a double-pinhole interference pattern and the geometry of the set-up4. Such a spectral measurement is unique in that it determines the absolute wavelength and relative spectral intensity of the source, which is a great advantage in the EUV region where calibration is very difficult.
Adaptive pulse shaping of amplified femtosecond pulse laser in phase and amplitude by directly referring frequency resolved optical gating traces
Authors: Ohno K. , Tanabe T. , Kannari F.
Published: February 2020

We experimentally demonstrated accurate pulse shaping for ultrashort pulses through a regenerative amplifier by adaptively control both phase and amplitude of spectral component of seed pulses with an acousto-optic programmable dispersion filter (AOPDF).
Adaptive Optimization of High Order Harmonic Generation In a Free Propagation Geometry
Authors: Reitze David , Weihe Frederick , Kazamias Sophie , Douillet Denis , Mullot Genevieve , Auge Fredericka , Albert Olivier , Chambaret Jean Paul , Hulin Daniele , Balcou Philippe
Published: February 2020

Adaptive femtosecond pulse shaping has become a powerful tool for optimizing the characteristics of ultrafast pulses [1,2] or ultrafast laser-matter interactions [3]. Recently, it has been shown in high order harmonic generation that specific harmonic orders near the cutoff can be significantly enhanced by optimizing the spectral phase of the driving pulse via adaptive optimization [4]. These experiments were conducted in a waveguide geometry using a hollow core fiber. Nonetheless, it is interesting to consider if adaptive learning can be effective for high order harmonic generation in a free propagation geometry. Here, we present results of experiments that demonstrate that harmonic emission can be tuned more effectively using adaptive optimization than via simple pulse chirping.
Microwave arbitrary waveform generation using a direct space-to-time optical pulse shaper
Authors: McKinney J.D. , Leaird D.E. , Weiner A.M.
Published: February 2020

Fourier transform optical pulse shaping [1] is now a well established technology for generating nearly arbitrarily shaped ultrafast optical pulses, with applications ranging from coherent control to high-speed communications. On the other hand, arbitrary waveform generation (AWG) capabilities for microwave electromagnetic signals are quite limited. Microwave arbitrary waveform generators could be important for a number of applications, including RF test and measurement instrumentation, secure and multiple-access wireless communications, and radar. Commercial AWG instrumentation is limited to the range below 1 GHz. The use of shaped optical pulses to drive a high-speed optical-to-electronic (O/E) converter offers the possibility to dramatically improve the state-of-the-art in microwave AWG. In previous work in our group, we used pulse sequences from a Fourier transform (FT) pulse shaper to drive a THz photoconductive antenna, resulting in generation of freely propagating phase- and amplitude-modulated THz radiation signals [2]. Another group recently used a wavelength-division multiplexing technique together with a series of optical fiber delay lines to produce a series of pulses suitable for generating a phase-modulated waveform in the low («6) GHz range [3]. Here we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge microwave arbitrary waveform generation at center frequencies up to 50 GHz, thereby filling in the void between the previous results. Our work takes advantage of a novel direct space-to-time (DST) pulse shaper [4], which provides pulse shaping over a 100 psec temporal window, as required for waveform generation at tens of GHz.
Coherent Control Over Collective Polariton Excitations: The Dawn of Polaritonics
Authors: Feurer T. , Vaughan Joshua C. , Nelson Keith A.
Published: February 2020

Coherent optical control efforts to date have been aimed almost exclusively at manipulation of excitations that are localized in space. Control over coherently propagating modes offers several important new prospects. First, it opens up the use of spatial as well as temporal parameters as control elements in the design of optimized excitation waveforms. This enables new types of control in which interferences among coherent responses that originate from different regions of a sample may be used to selectively enhance or suppress the net response at a specified location and/or time. Coherent amplification of responses is possible through constructive interferences, allowing large coherent amplitudes to be achieved with modest excitation light intensities. Collective responses may be optically excited in one region of a heterogeneous sample and directed toward other regions including those at which the responses could not be driven directly by the excitation light due to selection rules, opacity, or other restrictions. In this manner the normally inaccessible regions may be studied or subjected to otherwise unattainable coherent control. In addition, propagating modes may possibly be used as coherent signals that can be launched at specified locations or ”addresses” and received, manipulated further, or read out at other specified addresses, all at ultrahigh bandwidths.
IR Linac Driven by a High-Intensity TM01 Diffraction-Limited Laser Beam
Authors: Varin Charles , Piché Michel
Published: February 2020

Summary: It is widely believed that the future of particle accelerator technology relies upon the development of accelerator schemes based on the use of powerful laser pulses. We describe here a linear accelerator driven by a TM01 diffraction-limited laser beam propagating in free space. Under extreme conditions the energy gain experienced by the accelerated electrons can be well in the multi-GeV range.
Focusing of Phonon-Polaritons and Direct Visualization of the Gouy Phase
Authors: Stoyanov Nikolay S. , Feurer T. , Ward David W. , Nelson Keith A.
Published: February 2020

Over 100 years ago Gouy [1] discovered that a converging spherical wave obstructed by a circular aperture experiences an anomalous phase shift as it passes through the focal region. The phase shift is nowadays referred to as the Gouy phase shift or phase anomaly and is best known for an obstructed paraxial Gaussian beam. An intuitive interpretation of the Gouy phase has been given in terms of a geometrical quantum effect
Quantum Interference between Real and Virtual Excitation
Authors: Ahn Y. H. , Kim D. S. , Cundiff S.T. , Shacklette J.M.
Published: February 2020

Quantum interference between real and virtual polarizations is demonstrated in the time domain. Using a novel technique we can visualize the excited state quantum amplitude and its phase under off-resonant excitation.
Early Events in Ligand Dissociation Dynamics in Myoglobin: an Infrared Study
Authors: Polack T. , Vos M. H. , Martin J.-L. , Alexandrou A.
Published: February 2020

We used a femtosecond visible-infrared pump-probe experiment to follow ligand dissociation in carbonmonoxy-myoglobin showing a characteristic dissociation time of 250 fs associated with a delay time of 200 fs.
Współdziałanie organów administracji publicznej a decyzje zależne na przykładzie unormowań dotyczących planu ruchu zakładu górniczego
Authors: Szewczyk Ewa
Published: February 2020

The aim of the article is to draw attention to the changes that have occurred in the regulations governing the mining plant operation plan, as a consequence of which such a document is no longer issued in the wording of 2018 on the mode of cooperation between the authorities regulated in Article 106 of the Act of 14 June 1960. – the Code of Administrative Procedure.Mineral deposits are a non-renewable, natural national resource. They should be extracted in accordance with the provisions of the relevant generally applicable law.Their extraction cannot be regarded only in relation to the territory of Silesia and the mines located there. Exploitation of minerals is an activity with a very wide range of occurrence and concerns not only the extraction of coal, but also sands, gravels and aggregates.When it comes to the provisions of the Act: Geological and Mining Law, there is much controversy as to whether this operation plan is being approved in the mode of the authorities co-operating with one another, or – in the light of current solutions – outside it. This paper explains the above controversies and shows that the decision on the approval of a mining plant operation plan is a dependent deci-sion, proceeded however by a decision of a city mayor, or head of a village, issued in a completely separate proceeding, dealing with a different subject, not regulated in Article 106 of the Code of Administrative Procedure.
Zasada ogólna czynnego udziału strony w postępowaniu administracyjnym a prawa strony w postępowaniu w sprawach załatwianych milcząco
Authors: Gajda-Durlik Małgorzata
Published: February 2020

Pursuant to the amendment to the Code of Administrative Procedure, the Act of 7 April 2017 amending the Act – The Code of Administrative Procedure and certain other acts, the settling of a matter quietly has been incorporated into the framework of this Code. The legislator reserved a peculiar procedural regime for cases settled quietly, based on the formula of simplified, de-formalised proceedings, with simul-taneous setting of limits for the rights of the party in the trial. Pursuant to Article 122d § 1 of the Code of Administrative Procedure, the provisions of Articles 10 and 79a of the Code of Administrative Procedure shall not apply to matters settled qui-etly. There is no doubt that the addition to Section II of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Chapter 8a on quiet settlement of matters results in the application of the Code of Administrative Procedure to matters within this scope, including, inter alia, Article 28 of the Code – on the side of proceedings. This means that in matters settled quietly, similarly as in the case of matters settled by an administrative deci-sion, the subjective scope of proceedings is determined by Article 28 of the Code of Administrative Procedure, stating that each party is a party whose legal interest or duty the proceedings relate to, or who demands the authority to act due to its legal interest or duty. At the same time, the reservation made in Art. 122a § 2 of the Code of Administrative Procedure that a case is deemed to have been settled quietly when the party’s claim has been fully accepted does not mean in practice that only homogeneous interests of the party or parties expressed in the claim are involved in the case, and that the legal interests of subjects not filing a claim will not be involved in the case. As a consequence of the above, the fundamental question arises as to what extent the provision of Article 122d(1) of the Code of Administra-tive Procedure interferes with the conventional system of guaranteeing the rights of a party or parties adopted for cases settled in the jurisdiction process. The starting point of the analysis is the identification of the basic standard for determining the procedural position of a party in administrative proceedings, and then confronting with the solutions of the institution of quiet settlement of the matter in the scope different from the standard.
Obowiązek zwrotu nienależnie pobranego zasiłku chorobowego w związku z podjęciem pracy zarobkowej w orzecznictwie sądów powszechnych i Sądu Najwyższego
Authors: Wojciechowicz Joanna
Published: February 2020

This paper deals with the problems relating to the obligation to return the sickness benefit in the event when an insured person takes up paid employment during confirmed incapacity for work due to illness. The reason for this analysis is the non-uniform or inconsistent practice of the Supreme Court. In the majority of its issued verdicts, the opinion of the Supreme Court is that the the claim for returning the undue bene-fit paid ought to be withdrawn and cancelled if there was no information provided in the instruction about the circumstances that may lead to the forfeiture of the entitlement to statutory sickness benefit under Article 17(1) of the Act of 25 June 1999 on cash benefits from social insurance in case of sickness and maternity. However, there is also a different standpoint according to which the lack of instruction is not a sufficient basis for adjudicating that the insured party is not obliged to return this benefit. In its judgments, the Supreme Court emphasises the importance of the way in which the insured person acts. Submitting a sick leave and performing paid work is tantamount to misleading the disability pension body as to the circumstances that determine the right to a sickness be-nefit. Divergences in the judicial decisions of the Supreme Court have an impact on the judgments issued by common courts, which results in different decisions in cases of identical factual status. The non-uni-form case law of common courts has a direct impact on the situation of individual beneficiaries. Despite the same factual circumstances some insured individuals have to return the benefit whereas others are exempted from this obligation. This creates secondary inequality of the insured persons who constitute a group of similar subjects and is inconsistent with the principle of equality expressed in Article 32 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
Nursing handovers as unbounded and scalar events
Authors: Bartlett Tom , Ylänne Virpi , Spilioti Tereza , Aldridge-Waddon Michelle
Published: February 2020

In this paper we analyse data from nursing handover meetings in terms of the interplay of different voices that operate at different interactional and institutional scales. We suggest, firstly, that the handover is not a single bounded event, as suggested in previous literature, but rather a gradual moving in and out of focus of a particular discourse activity; and, secondly, that while different phases within the handover as an extended event are characterised by voices operating at a specific scale, there are continuous movements between scales in each phase. This leads us to suggest two categories of rescaling as an activity: translational rescalings, as the handover shifts between phases and from one scale to another, and digressive scales, in which the scale of interaction that typifies a specific phase is temporarily interrupted by another. We illustrate how both these categories serve important revoicing functions and, on the basis of this analysis, extend the use of scales theory in interactional linguistics through the addition of dynamic systems theory and a-curve distributions, in which 20% of token types predominate, while the remainder, or tail, perform essential complementary activities that over time can open up space for gradual shifts in the characteristics and overall function of the activity itself.
Staying the distance: Transforming Latin pedagogy at the Open University
Authors: Lloyd Mair E. , Robson James
Published: February 2020

Between 2000 and 2013, over 8,000 students studied the module Reading Classical Latin at the Open University, the United Kingdom’s largest distance education provider. But while many learners attained high grades, a significant proportion withdrew from study or failed the module. In 2015, the original module was replaced with a completely new course, Classical Latin: The Language of Ancient Rome. This article details the innovative ways in which new technology and pedagogical theory from Modern Foreign Language (MFL) learning were drawn on by the team designing this new module, resulting in a learning experience which gives greater emphasis to elements such as spoken Latin, the intrinsic pleasure of reading, and cultural context. The (largely positive) effects of these pedagogical changes on student success and satisfaction are subsequently analysed using a rich mix of qualitative and quantitative data. Finally, the authors reflect on lessons learned and the possibilities for future research and enhancement.
Electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polyvinyl pyrrolidone composite nanofibrous membranes with high-efficiency PM2.5 filter
Authors: Wang Chen , Yan Kun , Wang Jun , Chen Siyu , Cui Jiaming , Zhang Rui
Published: February 2020

In this research, we successfully fabricated a novel closed pore polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) composite nanofibrous membrane (PCNM) on the substrate of a commercial polypropylene window mesh. First, smooth and uniform PAN/PVP composite nanofibers (PCNs) were manufactured by blending PAN and PVP with a mass ratio of 5:5 during electrospinning. Subsequently, the prepared PCNs were hot pressed in a vacuum drying oven at a given temperature of 90°C. The morphology and filter efficiency of PCN and PCNM were investigated. It was found that hot-pressing treatment significantly affected the pore structure and orientation of PCNM, which contributed to its closed pore structure and good alignment. The filter efficiency results indicated that the hot-pressed PCNMs have excellent removal efficiency of up to 96.8% of fine particulate matter. This research demonstrates that PCNMs have potential as filters for indoor dust removal and will provide a new idea for the development of air filters.
BEPS una política proteccionista en favor del erario
Authors: Segovia Blanco Araceli
Published: February 2020

La armonización entre los sistemas tributarios de todas las naciones, ha sido un reto en los últimos tiempos, sobre todo a raíz de la detección de planeaciones fiscales que han causado menoscabo a muchos de ellos, buscar alguna alternativa que eficiente la localización de este tipo de actividades, fue una tarea en la que se involucró  a un buen número de elementos, sociedades, asociaciones, corporaciones, países, etc., ésta labor fue encabezada por el G20 y dirigida por la OCDE,  obteniendo como resultado un proyecto al que se le ha denominado BEPS, que consta de 15 acciones a implementar por aquellos países cuyas negociaciones no distinguen fronteras, y que evidentemente en este mundo globalizado afecta a todos en general.Por su parte, México ha participado activamente desde sus inicios del proyecto, y así mismo ha ido incorporando éstos estándares en su legislación, más adelante,  identificaremos algunas de las 15 acciones que han repercutido de inmediato y que han dado por origen nuevas obligaciones a los contribuyentes que se ubiquen dicho supuesto.
Derecho a la identidad personal como resultado del libre desarrollo de la personalidad
Authors: López Serna Marcela Leticia , Kala Julio César
Published: February 2020

La evolución de los derechos humanos ha permitido garantizar el goce de un ejercicio eficaz de cada vez mayor número de derechos, algunos de los cuales son derechos necesarios como medio operativo para el ejercicio de otros tantos derechos. El derecho a la identidad y al libre desarrollo de la personalidad es de estos derechos, sin los cuales sería imposible pensar en ejercer los derechos del orden civil, personal y familiar de los individuos. El desarrollo de estos derechos ha sido lento, pero consistente pues han engendrado un nuevo orden en las posibilidades de realización del proyecto de vida de las personas, solo estudiándolo en sus razones filosóficas más profundas, puede entenderse la defensa aguerrida que se hace de ellos.
Waldron, Jeremy. Political Political Theory. Essays on Institutions. Primera (electrónica). Cambridge. Massachusets: Harvard University Press, 2016
Authors: Mex Ávila Luis Fernando
Published: February 2020

En el presente texto se analizará la obra Political Political Theory de Jeremy Waldron. Como se explicará, el libro mencionado se conforma de distintos trabajos que el profesor neozelandés ha realizado a lo largo de su carrera así como algunos inéditos, pero que giran en torno a un mismo tema: su posición filosófica frente a los problemas normativos de las instituciones sociales contrastado con el hecho del pluralismo social. Nuestro interés es resaltar el acercamiento de reflexiones que suelen gozar de la principal atención de politólogos y científicos sociales, con estudios normativos de la filosofía política y el derecho.
¿Puede la investigación jurídica considerarse científicamente válida? La argumentación como criterio de validez
Authors: González Placencia Luis
Published: February 2020

Asumiendo las críticas que con frecuencia recibe la investigación jurídica por la falta de atención a las cuestiones de método, el presente artículo plantea la necesidad de gene­rar pautas que garanticen el rigor académico del trabajo jurídico y propone a la argumentación como su criterio de validez científica. Con base en Atienza, el texto sugiere el uso de la lógica proposicional, del modelo de argumentación de Toulmin, así como de las reglas del discurso que Alexy toma de Habermas, como elementos para la construcción de un modelo de evalua­ción de la investigación jurídica que le garantice rigor metódico y validez científica.
La imaginación criminológica, Jock Young (trad. De Andrea Gavela Llopis, España, Marcial Pons, 2015, 278 pp.)
Authors: Rodríguez Luna Ricardo
Published: February 2020

Reseña de la traducción del últi­mo libro escrito por Jock Young, sociólogo y criminólogo, una de las personalidades más importantes de la criminología crítica, La imaginación criminológica, texto en el que Young expone una aguda crítica a las corrientes criminológicas positivistas.
Tlen polikeh kietichiwah ompualli wan eyi momachtiyanimeh tlen Ayotzinapa: ¿Se tlamantli tlen tlaixnextilistli ika tlayekanalih tlen kinekih ipan tepostlapolimeh tlakualtlalismeh tlen tlanawatihetl?
Authors: Ontiveros Alonso Miguel
Published: February 2020

Ipan sempualli wan chikuase tlen septiembre tlen ome xipilli wan matlaktli wan nawi, tonatih tlen mochihki, eyi momachtianimeh tlen ne kaltlamaxtiloyah Normal Rural Raúl tlen Ayotzinapa, ipan ne Mexkotlalli tlen Guerrero, kinikixtilke inih yoloh, sempoalli wan makuilli elkeh tlakohkolmeh wan ompualli wan eyi polike. Wan kitzintemohke ipan ne Fiscalia Gerneral tlen altepetl Guerrero wan tlen ne- Procuraduría General tlen ne República asitokeh ipan tetzakuilli tlen nakpualli wan matlaktli wan chiknawi towampoyomeh, ika iniwantih eltok tlen ne eltoyah weyihtekichihetl tlen chinankomeh tlen Iguala wan isiwah, kehnopah kampa kenikatzah miyakeh tlen tekichihemeh tlen ne tekiwatlanawatihetl tlen ne tlatilantokeh tlen Iguala wan Cocula. Nohkia eltok nemilistli tlen miak tlakayomeh tlen –kehnopah motokaxtihtokeh- tekilistli tlen ne «guerreros unidos». Ika itlamilis iwaya ne tlaixnextilistlih tlen yainih tlamantlih wan mokalakis ipan se kuanehnemilistli, ninekih kixnextis ne tlen tlaixnexamostlahtolli.
La idea de los principios formales. El principio de proporcionalidad en el control de constitucionalidad
Authors: Borowski Martin
Published: February 2020

En este ensayo presento ideas acerca de cómo la dimensión autoritativa del derechopuede conciliarse con la corrección sustantiva en el control de constitucionalidad en el campo del principio de proporcionalidad. Para ello reconstruiré el principio de proporcionalidad por medio de la teoría principialista y sus elementos y rasgos distintivos para después enfocarme en explicar cómo los principios formales y sustanciales operan de acuerdo con la misma lógica, para así sostener que la ponderación conecta o reconcilia la dimensión formal con la sustantiva. Esto me permite concluir que por medio de los principios formales puede refutarse la objeción democrática al principio de proporcionalidad en el control de constitucionalidad.
La responsabilidad del extraneus en el marco de los delitos especiales. Una visión del principio de unidad de título de imputación
Authors: Ramírez Morales María Soledad
Published: February 2020

Los delitos especiales sobresalen, precisamente, por tener un elemento importante en su descripción, es decir, ser ejecutados únicamente por un agente con cualidades específicas. De lo anterior se desprende la siguiente incógnita: ¿cuál es la responsabilidad del sujeto que participa en un delito especial y que no cumple con las cualidades determinadas de dicho tipo? este tema es una interrogante discutida por juristas y dogmáticos, respecto a la autoría y participación en la ejecución de estos hechos típicos. Por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se pretende analizar y puntualizar la responsabilidad penal del agente extraño al ser parte de la realización de un tipo determinado, haciendo especial referencia a la teoría de la unidad de título de imputación.
Effect of Inertia Forces on Contact State of Ball Bearing with Local Defect in Outer Raceway
Authors: Zhang Yimin , Cheng Hongchuan , Lu Wenjia , Yang Zhou
Published: February 2020

Based on the de Mul bearing model, a five-degrees-of-freedom quasi-static model with local defect is proposed, after which its validity is verified. The inertial force of the ball will affect the contact state between itself and the raceway, thus affecting the mechanical properties of the bearing. Taking centrifugal force and gyro moment as analysis objects, the effect of their single action on bearing contact state is studied. The results of this study show that the centrifugal force and gyro moment of the ball will increase with an increase in bearing rotation speed. Ignoring centrifugal force, the normal load between the ball and raceways increases slightly with the increase of gyro torque, while the contact angle almost remains unchanged. Ignoring gyro moment, with the increase of centrifugal force, there is an increase in the normal load between the ball and outer raceway and a decrease in contact angle. On the other hand, the normal load between the ball and inner raceway decreases, whereas there is an increase in contact angle. In comparison to centrifugal force, gyro torque has less influence on bearing contact angle and load distribution. When a ball enters into the defect, it will be partially or completely unloaded. Thereafter, the unloaded load will be distributed to the adjacent balls, the load will be redistributed, and the mechanical properties of the bearing will be completely changed. In addition to revealing the action mechanism of centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment, this work provides a theoretical basis for the mechanical research of high-speed bearing.
SOĞUK KURUTULMUŞ TAVUK ETİ DİLİMLERİNİN BAZI KALİTE ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: AYKIN DİNÇER Elif
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışmada; soğuk kurutma sistemi kullanılarak elde edilen kurutulmuş tavuk göğüs eti dilimlerinin bazı kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak; tavuk göğüs eti dilimleri (85 mm x 34 mm x 2 mm), kızgın buharla pastörize edildikten sonra farklı düşük sıcaklık (10, 15 ve 20°C) ve hava akış hızlarında (3, 4 ve 5 m/s) kurutulmuştur. Soğuk kurutulmuş et dilimlerinin ortalama nem içeriğinin %37, su aktivitesi (aw) değerinin 0.89, pH değerinin 6.15 ve tiyobarbitürik asit reaktif maddeleri (TBARS) değerinin ise 23.66 µmol MDA/kg olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Düşük sıcaklık ve yüksek hava akış hızında örneklerin daha açık renkli (daha yüksek L* ve düşük a* değeri) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Düşük hava akış hızında kurutulmuş dilimlerinin mikrobiyolojik kalitelerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Duyusal değerlendirmede ise en yüksek genel beğeni puanına 10°C ve 5 m/s’de kurutulan örneklerin sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Elsewhere
Authors: Qureshi Bilal
Published: February 2020

FQ Columnist Bilal Qureshi observes that while think pieces and popular culture alike depict heterosexual relationships as in crisis in the age of Tinder, gay love is blossoming in mainstream cinema, breaking out of its marginalized festival circuits to help redefine what it means to love and be loved in 2019. As his starting point, Qureshi discusses Lucio Castro's End of the Century (2019), a deeply personal film (for both the director and this critic) that Qureshi sees as emblematic of the ways in which a new generation of films have expanded the canon of gay romance. No longer burdened by tragedy and the fight for equal rights, films such as End of the Century, Moonlight, and Call Me By Your Name are free to focus instead on the universal mysteries of love, in ways that appeal to straight and queer audiences alike.
Prenatal androgen induced lean PCOS impairs mitochondria and mRNA profiles in oocytes
Authors: Chappell Neil R , Zhou Beth , Schutt Amy K , Gibbons William E , Blesson Chellakkan S
Published: February 2020

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common ovulatory defect in women. Although most PCOS patients are obese, a subset of PCOS women are lean but show similar risks for adverse fertility outcomes. A lean PCOS mouse model was created using prenatal androgen administration. This developmentally programmed mouse model was used for this study. Our objective was to investigate if mitochondrial structure and functions were compromised in oocytes obtained from lean PCOS mouse. The lean PCOS mouse model was validated by performing glucose tolerance test, HbA1c levels, body weight and estrous cycle analyses. Oocytes were isolated and were used to investigate inner mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, ATP production, mtDNA copy number, transcript abundance and electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate that lean PCOS mice have similar weight to that of the controls but exhibit glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia along with dysregulated estrus cycle. Analysis of their oocytes show impaired inner mitochondrial membrane function, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased RNA transcript abundance. Electron microscopy of the oocytes showed impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure. In conclusion, the lean PCOS mouse model shows a decreased oocyte quality related to impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure and function.
Legal Guarantees Of Media Independence In Ukraine And The European Union
Authors: Zbyrak T.V.
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal guarantees of media independence in Ukraine and the European Union. The author believes that safeguards are a set of objective and subjective factors aimed at the practical protection of human rights and freedoms, to eliminate any obstacles to their full and proper implementation. The main purpose of the safeguards is to create the necessary conditions for the transformation of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the law from possibilities into reality.

It has been established that press freedom should be regarded as a guaranteed right or a guaranteed opportunity to freely establish, publish, edit, read, distribute, publish, publish and publish print media of your choice.

The author substantiates the division of guarantees of media independence into normative, institutional (organizational) and procedural immunity as a kind of guarantees of media activity. Legal safeguards include a set of legal norms that ensure the realization and protection of a set of rights that are included in the notion of media freedom. Constitutional guarantees of media freedom are an integral feature of a democratic media system. Guarantees of independence of the broadcasting regulatory bodies are provided first and foremost by the system of their formation.

The author has determined that additional measures are necessary to eliminate the restrictions that impede the strengthening and development of the information industry, its infrastructure, providing real support to the activities of journalists and providing specific rules for their protection, expanding the possibilities for access of citizens through this network to information submitted in foreign printed media. media, etc. The guarantee of media independence is also the establishment of disciplinary, civil, administrative or criminal liability.
Administrative Legal Proceedings: The Ambiguity Of The Concept
Authors: Kerniakevych-Tanasiichuk Yu.V.
Published: February 2020

The key to effective implementation of the right to judicial protection is the proper functioning of the judicial system, an important element of which is the administrative courts that ensure the administration of administrative justice. Moreover, the protection of human and citizen’s rights and freedoms through the instruments of administrative justice is an important guarantee of protection against violations by public authorities and local self-government of the «weaker» side of public-legal relations - human and citizen.

In the legal literature administrative legal proceedings is interpreted differently by different scholars, which makes it possible to conclude that this legal phenomenon is multidimensional.

In addition to understanding «administrative legal proceedings » as a separate area of justice, scholars also view administrative law as meaning: administrative justice as an area of legal science; positive (objective) administrative justice as an area of law

Administrative legal proceedings as a branch of legal science examines the current law and jurisprudence of its application, its history and theory, the legislation of other states governing certain legal relationships.

The independence of the field of law is first of all indicated by the specific subject matter and method of regulation, which are the identifying features by which the branches of law are distinguished. Administrative legal proceedings is endowed with its specific subject (the set of social relations that determine the procedure for consideration and resolution by public courts of public law disputes) and the method of legal regulation of the relevant relations in the process of administration of justice, which is endowed with a complex character, that is, is positive.

At the same time, administrative legal proceedings as a separate science, field of law and branch of justice is the subject of study of the same discipline.

In addition, given the inaccuracy of the terms «administrative process» and «administrative legal proceedings» (the term administrative process is broader and more generalized term, which includes administrative justice), it is necessary to emphasize the need to teach «Administrative legal proceedings of Ukraine» separately from «Administrative Procedural Law of Ukraine» at the level of independent academic discipline. This will focus on the peculiarities of the procedure for the consideration and settlement of administrative cases by administrative courts at all stages of the judicial administrative process.
Concept And Features Of A Science Park: General Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Bohatchuk M.O.
Published: February 2020

The article reveals the concepts and features of science parks as participants in civil legal relationships according to Ukrainian legal system. The article presents Ukrainian scientists who study the problems of functioning of scientific parks in the system of civil legal relations. The set of general theoretical concepts of understanding of the science park in Ukraine is also given in the article. The conclusion of the concept is summarized in the research and the science park is defined. The author proposes the following recognition of the concept that is studied: a science park is a legal entity created at the initiative of a higher education institution, a scientific institution and / or a partner of a science park by pooling contributions from founders to organize, coordinate, control the process of designing and executing science park projects. Particular attention is paid by author to the diversity of approaches to understanding the concept of science parks and the specific features of science parks. The researcher investigates the characteristics of the above legal entity in the legislation of Ukraine, as well as characterizes each of the features. The concept of understanding the science park as an entrepreneurial entity is also outlined in the research. The author is making a conclusion that these features according to Ukrainian law are: creation and registration in accordance with the procedure established by law; the ability to have civil rights and legal capacity; the right to be a plaintiff and defendant in court; the presence of organizational unity the opportunity to be independently responsible for property; the ability to speak on your own behalf in a civil circulation.
Non-Entrepreneurial Legal Entity: The Theoretical And Legal Analysis Of The Concept And Characteristics
Authors: Zozuliak O.I.
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal analysis of issues related to the range of problems connected with development of such legal model as ‘nonentrepreneurial legal entity’. In the scientific work the author makes an analysis of those concepts which are submitted by the leading Ukrainian scholars and concern the formation of civil-law terminology in general and that is applied to the nonentrepreneurial legal entities, in particular.

The author has concluded that it is expedient to apply the set of criteria during formation of the non-entrepreneurial legal entity. The article gives the definition of non-entrepreneurial legal entity in the narrow and broad meanings.

It is proved that a non-business entity should be singled out as a separate category according to the non-distribution of profit (income) rather than to the specifics of its business activity. The author demonstrates the feasibility to change classification criteria and levels while classifying the legal entities and on the mentioned ground she has singled out: 1) procedure for establishment of the legal entity; 2) structure of the legal entity as a criterion of the second classification level; 3) specific character of the profit distribution as a criterion of the third level of classification. It is based on the argument that non-business entities are an independent group of the legal entities, which is divided into subgroups: the non-business entities of corporate type and the non-business entities of unitary type. Each subgroup of the non-business legal entity distinguishes several legal forms within of which specific types of non-business entities are allocated.

The author presents one’s own definition of the non-entrepreneurial legal entity, as a legal entity of public or private law, whether of corporate or unitary type, which is specially established in the different areas of social life and endowed with a special legal capacity.

The non-entrepreneurial legal entity shall be entitled to carry out activities with a view to profit but it doesn’t distribute it among participants (members).