bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Troubles with mycorrhizal mushroom identification where morphological differentiation lags behind barcode sequence divergence
Authors: Bazzicalupo Anna L. , Buyck Bart , Saar Irja , Vauras Jukka , Carmean David , Berbee Mary L.
Published: August 2017

Species of Russula (Russulaceae), a large, cosmopolitan, ectomycorrhizal fungal genus are notoriously difficult to identify. To delimit species and to evaluate their morphology, we sequenced the ~400 bp ITS2 ribosomal DNA region from 713 Pacific Northwest Russula specimens from Benjamin Woo’s exceptional collection. As a topological constraint for analysis of the ITS2, we sequenced and inferred a phylogeny from the ITS, LSU, RPB2 and EF1-a regions from 50 European and North American specimens of major clades in Russula. We delimited 72 candidate species from Woo's collection’s ITS2 sequences using ABGD, GMYC, PTP, and mothur software. To guide application of names, we sequenced a ~200 bp portion of the ITS from 18 American type specimens. Of the 72 delimited species, 28 matched a type or a currently barcoded European species. Among the remaining 44 are poorly known or undescribed species. We tested the congruence of morphology with delimitations for 23 species represented by 10 or more specimens each. No morphological character alone was consistently diagnostic across all specimens of any of the 23 candidate species. Ordination of combined field characters followed by pairwise multivariate analysis of variance showed that centroids were significantly different in 221 of 253 species pair comparisons. Ordination also showed that specimens from the same species were widely dispersed, overlapping with specimens from other species. This explains why only 48.5% of specimens were correctly assigned to their species in a canonical variates analysis of combined field and spore characters. Based on sequence comparisons, we contribute to correcting the broad and confusing misapplications of European names that have long obscured patterns of Russula’s geographical distribution and diversification. Our evidence suggests that morphology in Russula diverges slowly, and that phenotypic plasticity, convergence, or retention of ancestral polymorphisms blur the distinctions among recently derived species.
Correcting confusion in Brazilian Marattia types
Authors: Murdock Andrew G.
Published: August 2017

A new lectotype is proposed for Marattia raddiana, correcting a confusion caused by a previous lectotypification found to be in conflict with the protologue. This new lectotypification makes Proposal 2479, to conserve the name M. kaulfussii over M. raddiana, unnecessary.
Typification of 18th Century names in Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae): Carex pendula and allies
Authors: Jiménez-Mejías Pedro , Míguez Mónica , Spencer Mark A. , Jarvis Charles E. , Martín-Bravo Santiago
Published: August 2017

According to recent molecular and morphological studies, the apparently homogeneous Carex pendula has been shown to include two different species. One species is distributed across western Europe and the Mediterranean, whereas the other ranges from central and eastern Europe to the Caucasus and northern Iran. Three different names have been considered synonyms of C. pendula: C. agastachys, C. maxima, and C. mutabilis. Here C. pendula is shown to apply to the western taxon, and C. agastachys to be the oldest name for the eastern taxon. An epitype is designated for C. pendula given the insufficient level of detail provided by the previously designated neotype.
Phylogeny and biogeography of Artemisia subgenus Seriphidium (Asteraceae: Anthemideae)
Authors: Malik Sadia , Vitales Daniel , Qasim Hayat Muhammad , Korobkov Aleksandr A. , Garnatje Teresa , Vallès Joan
Published: August 2017

Artemisia subg. Seriphidium is one of the largest groups within Artemisia, encompassing more than one hundred species, some of them having considerable ecological and economical importance. However, the evolution of subg. Seriphidium has received less attention in comparison to other subgenera of Artemisia, probably, apart from the difficulty of sampling throughout its very large distribution area, because of the low molecular and morphological variability observed in previous studies. Here, we use thorough taxonomic sampling within both Artemisia and subg. Seriphidium to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the subgenus, employing nuclear and plastid DNA sequences as well as various phylogenetic, biogeographic and diversification dynamics tools to analyse the data. Our results show that subg. Seriphidium is not monophyletic, but segregated into two main clades: one large monophyletic group corresponding to the formerly recognised sect. Seriphidium and a second, small clade, phylogenetically distant from the first. Biogeographic and diversification analyses indicate that a rapid radiation of species within sect. Seriphidium occurred in Central Asia during the Miocene‐Pliocene transition. The results of our biogeographic analysis suggest that this diversification process started around the Tian‐Shan, Pamir and Hindu Kush mountain ranges, subsequently expanding into the Eurasian continent. Finally, we uncovered numerous incongruences between taxonomic and genetic information in several sect. Seriphidium species, which could be explained by morphological uniformity, hybridisation and/or incomplete lineage sorting processes.
‘I’ve had a wake-up call and his name is my son’: developing aspiration and making positive choices – does government policy acknowledge young parents’ perspectives?
Authors: Dowling Sandra F , Mantovani Nadia , Hollins Sheila
Published: August 2017

While the numbers of young people who become parents in their teenage years is declining, there remains a stigma associated with young parenthood. Young parents disrupt socially constructed ideas of the family and challenge ideals of childhood. It is common for young parents to have experienced social exclusion and poverty as well as to have relatively low educational achievement prior to parenthood. Less common, though, is the idea that becoming a parent in late teenage years may enable the development of aspiration, promote maturity and responsibility, and potentially lead to enhanced life chances for these young people. This article draws on interview data with 10 young women and 5 young men who were parents and aged between 16 and 19, along with findings from interviews carried out with a range of professionals working in the field of teenage pregnancy. Young people describe the transformative effect of parenthood on their young lives, and challenge accepted views of the negative impact of becoming a young parent.
Open Science aus Perspektive der Technikfolgenabschätzung
Authors: Riehm Ulrich , Nentwich Michael
Published: August 2017

Dieser Beitrag nähert sich dem Thema Open Science aus der Perspektive der konzeptionellen Vorbereitung einer umfassenden Technikfolgenabschätzungsstudie. Es werden vier Dimensionen des Konzepts der Offenheit von Wissenschaft unterschieden: freier Zugang, öffentliche Kommunikation, offene Kooperation und die Überwindung gesellschaftlicher Subsysteme. Es wird des Weiteren eine sinnvolle Abgrenzung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes Open Science vorgeschlagen, die bei einer TA‑Studie berücksichtigt werden müsste. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung des Status Quo für drei typische Konkretisierungen von Open Science (Open Access, Open-Peer-Review, Wissenschaftsnetzwerke) werden vier Szenarien der zukünftigen Entwicklung von Open Science zur Diskussion gestellt.
Open Science und Citizen Science als symbiotische Beziehung?
Authors: Vohland Katrin , Göbel Claudia
Published: August 2017

In diesem Artikel werden Kernzuschreibungen von Open Science und Citizen Science in der europäischen Wissenschaftspolitik analysiert und zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt. Beide Konzepte postulieren und forcieren eine zukünftige Öffnung von Wissenschaft – wobei die Open-Science-Politik vor allem auf den Prozess von Wissenschaft abhebt, während bei der Konzeptualisierung von Citizen Science die Akteure und ihre Interaktionen stärker im Vordergrund stehen. Beiden Ansätzen gemeinsam ist der Anspruch an einen transparenten Forschungsprozess und frei zugängliche Forschungsergebnisse. Es gibt Synergien, was die Einbindung von Bürgerinnen und Bürger sowie die Zugänglichkeit von Forschungsergebnissen und -prozessen angeht. Risiken bestehen, wenn Citizen Science lediglich instrumentalisiert wird, ohne Bürgerinnen und Bürgern eine echte Teilhabe zu ermöglichen.
Offen, verantwortlich und verantwortlich offen
Authors: Häußermann Johann Jakob , Heidingsfelder Marie
Published: August 2017

Sowohl Open Science als auch Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) zielen auf tiefgreifende Transformationen im Innovationssystem durch eine stärkere Öffnung von Forschung und Entwicklung für gesellschaftliche Akteure. Trotz dieser grundsätzlichen Nähe beider Konzepte wurde ihr Verhältnis bisher nicht eingehend analysiert. Dieser Beitrag möchte einen ersten Ansatz bieten, die Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede von RRI und Open Science hinsichtlich des diskursiven Ursprungs der beiden Metakonzepte, ihrer jeweiligen Herausforderungen und Ziele sowie ihrer Akteure und der Rolle der Gesellschaft zu diskutieren. Darauf aufbauend werden Implikationen und Potenziale einer konzeptionellen Integration aufgezeigt. Der Artikel schließt mit einem Ausblick auf mögliche Ansätze einer Integration.
Open Science zwischen sozialen Strukturen und Wissenskulturen
Authors: Reichmann Werner
Published: August 2017

Der vorliegende Beitrag plädiert für eine differenzierte Interpretation der Open-Science-Idee, nämlich sowohl als umfassendes strukturelles als auch als kulturelles Phänomen. In der öffentlichen Diskussion wird Open Science oftmals auf die strukturelle Öffnung des Publikationsmarktes für die Nachfrageseite reduziert. Dabei wird vernachlässigt, dass Wissenschaft auch aus darüberhinausgehenden Strukturen besteht, beispielsweise der Sozialstruktur wissenschaftlicher Gemeinden, bei denen Mechanismen der Schließung und Öffnung zu beobachten sind. Open Science sollte darüber hinaus als kulturelles Phänomen interpretiert werden. Unter Verwendung des Begriffs „Wissenskulturen“ zeigt der Beitrag, dass sich Open Science in der wissenschaftlichen Praxis als prozesshaftes und heterogenes Phänomen darstellt und dass Offenheit für verschiedene Gruppen der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft unterschiedliche Bedeutungen aufweist.
Umwandlung wissenschaftlicher Journale in Gold Open Access
Authors: Hanekop Heidemarie
Published: August 2017

Das Internet weckte Erwartungen auf offenen und kostenfreien Zugang zu den neuesten Erkenntnissen aus der Wissenschaft, wie ihn die Open-Access-Bewegung seit 15 Jahren fordert. Bis heute sind ein Drittel der Aufsätze in Open-Access-Archiven oder OA‑Journalen verfügbar. Die Marktposition der großen Verlage ist stärker als zuvor. Wissenschaftsallianzen wollen Open Access jetzt in Lizenzverhandlungen mit den Verlagen durch eine generelle Umwandlung des Geschäftsmodells durchsetzen. Statt des Zugangs soll künftig die Publikation kostenpflichtig sein. Der Beitrag diskutiert mögliche Risiken für die offene, ungehinderte Publikation neuer wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse. Gegenwärtig werden drei Ansätze verfolgt: Erstens, finanzielle Hürden für die Publikationschancen von AutorInnen werden durch pauschale Zahlung der Publikationsgebühren vermieden. Zweitens, das Risiko wird durch die Wahlmöglichkeit zwischen OA oder kostenfreier Publikation zunächst umgangen – mit Risiken für die Umwandlungsstrategie. Drittens, individuelle Publikationsgebühren für AutorInnen werden durch Arbeitgeber oder Förderer erstattet – mit Risiken für Publikationsmöglichkeiten, die empirisch untersucht werden sollten.
Coercivity of integral functionals with non-everywhere superlinear lagrangians
Authors: Marcelli Cristina
Published: August 2017

We consider the classical non-autonomous variational problem

\text{minimize }\biggl{\{}F(v)=\int_{a}^{b}f(x,v(x),v^{\prime}(x))\,\mathrm{d}%
x:v\in\Omega\biggr{\}},

where {\Omega:=\{v\in W^{1,1}(a,b),\,v(a)=A,\,v(b)=B,\,v(x)\in I\}},
when the lagrangian f has non-everywhere superlinear growth, in the sense
that it can vanish at some {x_{0}\in[a,b]}, or {s_{0}\in I}. We prove some
sufficient conditions ensuring the coercivity of the functional F.
As a consequence, when f is convex with respect to the last variable,
the existence of the minimum can be immediately derived.
Sudden fetal death of a co-twin as a complication of intrafetal laser surgery and placenta examination with dye
Authors: Erenel Hakan , Korkmaz Sevim Ozge , Karsli Mehmet Fatih , Ozel Aysegul , Sen Cihat
Published: August 2017

Monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancy is a distinct entity and has certain differences from dichorionic twins due to the unique placental angioarchitecture. It is characterized by twin-to-twin transfusion syndromes (twin oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence and twin anemia-polycythemia sequence), acardiac twinning, selective fetal growth restriction and congenital anomalies. Selective termination is an option in MC twins complicated by selective fetal growth restriction and discordant fetal anomaly. Fetal demise of the co-twin can occur even after uncomplicated surgery. A selective fetal termination using an intrafetal laser was performed in the case of an MC twin pregnancy complicated by twin oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence and hydrocephalus in the donor twin. Fetal demise of the co-twin was observed after surgery. The placenta was examined with dye injections after abortion and showed vascular anastomoses causing unexpected fetal demise.
Perceived Feasibility and Desirability of Entrepreneurship in Institutional Contexts in Transition
Authors: Heilbrunn Sibylle , Itzkovitch Yariv , Weinberg Caren
Published: August 2017

We have scrutinized the role of regulative, normative and cognitive institutional environments on perceived desirability and feasibility of entrepreneurial action by applying the institutional framework to two types of Israel kibbutz cooperative communities. When combining convenient and snowball sampling, entrepreneurial drive indicators were identified among 253 community members in 2010. MANOVA analysis revealed that members of wage differential oriented kibbutzim perceived entrepreneurial action as more feasible but not more desirable than members of egalitarian kibbutzim. This reaffirms the importance of accounting for specific community characteristics when researching aspects of entrepreneurship.
A non-homogeneous local Tb theorem for Littlewood–Paley
g*λ-function with Lp
-testing condition
Authors: Cao Mingming , Xue Qingying
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we present a local Tb theorem for the non-homogeneous Littlewood–Paley

g
λ
*

{g_{\lambda}^{*}}

-function with non-convolution type kernels
and upper power bound measure μ.
Actually, we show that, under the assumptions

supp
⁡

b
Q

⊂
Q

{\operatorname{supp}b_{Q}\subset Q}

,

|

∫
Q

b
Q

d
μ
|
≳
μ

(
Q
)

{\lvert\int_{Q}b_{Q}\,d\mu|\gtrsim\mu(Q)}

and

∥

b
Q

∥

L
p

⁢

(
μ
)

p

≲

μ
⁢

(
Q
)

{\|b_{Q}\|^{p}_{L^{p}(\mu)}\lesssim\mu(Q)}

, the norm inequality

∥

g
λ
*

⁢

(
f
)

∥

L
p

⁢

(
μ
)

≲

∥
f
∥

L
p

⁢

(
μ
)

{\|g_{\lambda}^{*}(f\/)\|_{L^{p}(\mu)}\lesssim\|f\/\|_{L^{p}(\mu)}}

holds if and only if the following testing condition holds:

sup

Q
:

cubes in 
⁢

ℝ
n

1

μ
⁢

(
Q
)

∫
Q

(

∫
0

ℓ
⁢

(
Q
)

∫

ℝ
n

(

t

t
+

|

x
-
y

|

)

m
⁢
λ

|

θ
t

(

b
Q

)

(
y
,
t
)

|
2

d
⁢
μ
⁢

(
y
)

⁢
d
⁢
t

t

m
+
1

)

p
/
2

d
μ
(
x
)
<
∞
.

\sup_{Q:\text{cubes in }\mathbb{R}^{n}}\frac{1}{\mu(Q)}\int_{Q}\Biggr{(}\int_{%
0}^{\ell(Q)}\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}\Bigl{(}\frac{t}{t+|x-y|}\Big{)}^{m\lambda}|%
\theta_{t}(b_{Q})(y,t)|^{2}\frac{d\mu(y)\,dt}{t^{m+1}}\Bigg{)}^{p/2}d\mu(x)<\infty.

This is the first time to investigate the

g
λ
*

{g_{\lambda}^{*}}

-function in the simultaneous presence of three attributes: local, non-homogeneous and

L
p

{L^{p}}

-testing condition. It is important to note that the testing condition here is an

L
p

{L^{p}}

type with

p
∈

(
1
,
2
]

{p\in(1,2]}

.
Anharmonic solutions to the Riccati equation and elliptic modular functions
Authors: Sebbar Ahmed , Wone Oumar
Published: August 2017

We study the irreducible algebraic equation

x
n

+

a
1

⁢

x

n
-
1

+
⋯
+

a
n

=

0
,

with 

n
≥
4

,

x^{n}+a_{1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_{n}=0,\quad\text{with ${n\geq 4}$,}

on the differential field

(

𝔽
=

ℂ
⁢

(
t
)

,

δ
=

d

d
⁢
t

)

{(\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{C}(t),\delta=\frac{d}{dt})}

.
We assume that a root of the equation is a solution to the Riccati differential equation

u
′

+

B
0

+

B
1

⁢
u

+

B
2

⁢

u
2

=
0

{u^{\prime}+B_{0}+B_{1}u+B_{2}u^{2}=0}

,
where

B
0

{B_{0}}

,

B
1

{B_{1}}

,

B
2

{B_{2}}

are in

𝔽

{\mathbb{F}}

.

We show how to construct a large class of polynomials as in the above algebraic equation, i.e., we prove that there exists a polynomial

F
n

⁢

(
x
,
y
)

∈

ℂ
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

[
y
]

{F_{n}(x,y)\in\mathbb{C}(x)[y]}

such that for almost

T
∈

𝔽
∖
ℂ

{T\in\mathbb{F}\setminus\mathbb{C}}

, the algebraic equation

F
n

⁢

(
x
,
T
)

=
0

{F_{n}(x,T)=0}

is of the same type as the above stated algebraic equation.
In other words, all its roots are solutions to the same Riccati equation.
On the other hand, we give an example of a degree 3 irreducible polynomial equation satisfied by certain weight 2 modular forms for the subgroup

Γ
⁢

(
2
)

{\Gamma(2)}

, whose roots satisfy a common Riccati equation on the differential field

(

ℂ
⁢

(

E
2

,

E
4

,

E
6

)

,

d

d
⁢
τ

)

{(\mathbb{C}(E_{2},E_{4},E_{6}),\frac{d}{d\tau})}

, with

E
i

⁢

(
τ
)

{E_{i}(\tau)}

being the Eisenstein series of weight i.
These solutions are related to a Darboux–Halphen system.
Finally, we deal with the following problem: For which “potential”

q
∈

ℂ
⁢

(
℘
,

℘
′

)

{q\in\mathbb{C}(\wp,\wp^{\prime})}

does the Riccati equation

d
⁢
Y

d
⁢
z

+

Y
2

=
q

{\frac{dY}{dz}+Y^{2}=q}

admit algebraic solutions over the differential field

ℂ
⁢

(
℘
,

℘
′

)

{\mathbb{C}(\wp,\wp^{\prime})}

, with

℘

{\wp}

being the classical Weierstrass function?
We study this problem via Darboux polynomials and invariant theory and show that the minimal polynomial

Φ
⁢

(
x
)

{\Phi(x)}

of an algebraic solution u must have a vanishing fourth transvectant

τ
4

⁢

(
Φ
)

⁢

(
x
)

{\tau_{4}(\Phi)(x)}

.
Preimaginal mortality ofMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae) due toHabronema muscae(Nematoda: Habronematidae)
Authors: Schuster R. K.
Published: August 2017

In order to study the damage ofHabronema muscae(Carter, 1861) on its intermediate host,Musca domesticaLinnaeus, 1758, fly larval feeding experiments were carried out. For this, a defined number of praeimaginal stages ofM. domesticawas transferred in daily intervals (from day 0 to day 10) on faecal samples of a naturally infected horse harboring 269 adultH. muscaein its stomach. The development ofM. domesticawas monitored until imagines appeared. Harvested pupae were measured and weighted and the success of infection was studied by counting 3rdstage nematode larvae in freshly hatched flies. In addition, time of pupation and duration of the whole development of the flies was noticed. Pupation, hatching and preimaginal mortality rates were calculated and the number of nematode larvae in freshly hatched flies was counted. Adult flies harboured up to 60Habronemalarvae. Lower pupal volumes and weights, lower pupation rates and higher preimaginal mortality rates were found in experimental groups with long exposure to parasite eggs compared to experimental groups with short exposure or to the uninfected control groups. Maggots of the former groups pupated earlier and fly imagines occurred earlier. These findings clearly showed a negative impact ofH. muscaeon the development ofM. domestica. The results are discussed in connection with the destruction of adipose cells in the maggots by developing nematode larvae.
New host, geographical records, and factors affecting the prevalence of helminths infection from synanthropic rodents in Yucatán, Mexico
Authors: Panti-May J. A. , Palomo-Arjona E. , Gurubel-González Y. , Torres-Castro M. A. , Vidal-Martínez V. M. , Machain-Williams C. , Hernández-Betancourt S. F. , Del Rosario Robles M.
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper was to study the occurrence of helminths inMus musculusandRattus rattusfrom urban, suburban and rural settlements in Yucatán, Mexico; and to analyse the host factors (e.g. sex) related to helminths’ distribution. Helminths in a total of 279 rodents were surveyed by visual examination of the liver for metacestodes and faecal examination for helminth eggs using the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique. The cestodesHydatigera taeniaeformis(metacestodes detected in the liver) andHymenolepis diminuta,and the nematodesAspiculurissp.,Nippostrongylus brasiliensis,Syphacia muris,Syphacia obvelata, andTrichuris muriswere identified. InM. musculus, the prevalence of infection withT. murisandH. taeniaeformiswas higher in the rural village compared to those in the suburban neighbourhood. ForR. rattus, a higher prevalence of infection withH. diminutawas found in the urban site compared to that in the suburban site. This study reports the occurrence ofH. diminutaamong rodents living in close proximity to humans, representing a potential public health risk. In addition, this survey increases our understanding of dynamic transmission among intestinal helminths recorded in Yucatán, Mexico.
Morphological and molecular genetic analysis of Synhimantus (Synhimantus) laticeps (Rudolphi, 1819) (Nematoda, Acuariidae) from the barn owl (Tyto alba) and the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) in Austria
Authors: Ebmer D. , Fuehrer H.-P. , Eigner B. , Sattmann H. , Joachim A.
Published: August 2017

In the framework of the biodiversity initiative and barcoding project “Austrian Barcode of Life” (ABOL) post mortem examinations of the gastro-intestinal tracts of different species of wild birds were carried out and several adult helminths were retrieved. In the gizzard of two barn owls (Tyto alba) and one common kestrel (Falco tinnuculus) acuariid nematodes belonging to the species Synhimantus (Synhimantus) laticeps (Rudolphi, 1819) were discovered. This report illustrates the identification of this parasitic nematode by morphometric comparison and scanning electron microscopic photographs. Furthermore, genetic identification of individual parasites based on a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene was carried out. This report constitutes the first COI-based DNA barcoding of S. (S.) laticeps and its first record in the barn owl (Tyto alba) in Austria.
The molecular mechanisms involved in lectin-induced human platelet aggregation
Authors: Signorello Maria Grazia , Leoncini Giuliana
Published: August 2017

We have compared the effect of three legume lectins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA),Phaseolus vulgarisagglutinin (PHA) andLens culinarisagglutinin (LCA), on the function of human platelets. We have found that WGA is more active than PHA in stimulating platelet activation/aggregation, while LCA has no effect. Studies on the mechanisms involved show that WGA and PHA induce phosphorylation/activation of PLCγ2 and increase [Ca2+]i. For the first time, it has been shown that Src/Syk pathway, the adapter protein SLP-76 and the exchange protein VAV, participate in the PLCγ2 activation by these lectins. Moreover WGA and PHA stimulate the PI3K/AKT pathway. PI3K, through its product phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate activates Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and contributes to PLCγ2 activation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PLCγ2 activation induced by WGA and PHA is regulated by Src/Syk and by PI3K/BTK pathways through their concerted action.
The effects of music therapy on transition outcomes in adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Rodgers-Melnick Samuel N. , Pell Tara J. Griest , Lane Deforia , Jenerette Coretta , Fu Pingfu , Margevicius Seunghee , Little Jane A.
Published: August 2017

Background

The Build, Educate, Advance, Transition, in Sickle cell disease (BEATS) music therapy program was developed to address health challenges faced by adolescents/young adults (AYA) with sickle cell disease (SCD) during the transition to adult medical care.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BEATS on self-efficacy, trust, knowledge about SCD, and adherence in adolescents/young adults (AYA) with SCD.

Subjects

Thirty AYA with SCD, 18–23 years old, recruited from an adult SCD clinic agreed to participate in four BEATS sessions over 1 year.

Methods

Self-efficacy, trust and SCD knowledge were measured prospectively at baseline and months 3, 6, 9, and 12. Adherence to clinic appointments and healthcare utilization were measured retrospectively from medical records. A repeated measures linear mixed-effect model with compound symmetry covariance structure was used to fit the data.

Results

BEATS participants demonstrated a significant improvement in SCD knowledge (p = 0.0002) compared to baseline, an increase in acute care clinic, but not emergency department, utilization (p = 0.0056), and a non-significant improvement in clinic attendance (p = 0.1933). Participants’ subjective evaluations revealed a positive response to BEATS. There were no significant changes in self-efficacy, trust, hospital admissions, or blood transfusion adherence.

Conclusion

Culturally tailored, developmentally appropriate music therapy transition interventions can concretely improve SCD knowledge and may improve transition for AYA with SCD.
Pre- and post-exercise electrocardiogram pattern modifications in apparently healthy school adolescents in Cameroon
Authors: Mekoulou Ndongo Jerson , Assomo Ndemba Peguy Brice , Temfemo Abdou , Dzudie Tamdja Anasthase , Abanda Martin Hongieh , Bika Lele Elysée Claude , Tchoudjin Ernest , Guessogo Wiliam Richard , Gassina Louis-Georges , Mandengue Samuel Honoré
Published: August 2017

Background

Physical Education and Sport (PES) is compulsory in Cameroonian education system. Cardiac accidents and sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) have been reported during PES examinations. This study aimed to contribute in the prevention of these cardiac accidents by studying pre- and post-exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern modifications in apparently healthy school adolescents.

Methods

One hundred school adolescents without apparent heart disease [aged 18 ± 2 years; body mass index (BMI): 21.9 ± 2.3] were included. Participants performed two intermittent sprint-endurance tests. The test consisted in walking 2000 m as warm-up, followed by sprint and endurance races. A 12-leads ECG was performed before and in 5 min after the tests. ECG patterns changes were studied with particular attention to abnormalities that could be associated with risk of SCD.

Results

At rest, ECG patterns variants consisted of bradycardia (30%), sinus arrhythmia (9%), posterior hemi post-block (2%), and early repolarization (3%). which disappeared after exercise in all participants. QTc (ms) and heart rate (HR) increased after exercise (p < 0.001); and RR (ms) decreased post-exercise (p < 0.001). Other changes includes the appearance of the T-waves reversed in precordial leads (V2–V4) (p < 0.001), ventricular (6%), atrial and other supraventricular premature beats (2%) in the post-exercise ECG. Left ventricular hypertrophy (2%), right auricular enlargement (2%), short PR (2%) appeared at the end of the tests.

Conclusion

This study suggests that an intermittent exercise can induce cardiac abnormalities able to provoke cardiac accidents and SCD in apparently healthy school adolescents.
Preparation and TG/DTG, FT-IR, SEM, BET Surface Area, Iodine Number and Methylene Blue Number Analysis of Activated Carbon from Pistachio Shells by Chemical Activation
Authors: Kaya Mustafa , Şahin Ömer , Saka Cafer
Published: August 2017

In this study, low cost activated carbon was prepared from the pistachio shell by chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The prepared activated carbon was characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal gravimetry (DTG), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area analyses. Results showed that the activation temperature and impregnation ratio have significant effect on the iodine number of the prepared activated carbon. The optimum conditions for preparing the activated carbon having the highest surface area were found to be an activation temperature of 700 °C, soaking time of 24 h and ZnCl2/ pistachio shell ratio of 50 %. The results showed that the BET surface area, total pore volume, iodine number and methylene blue (MB) number of activated carbon prepared under the optimum conditions were 1108 m2/g, 0.39 cm3/g, 1051 mg/g, 98.48 mg/g, respectively.
Numerical Solution for a System of Fractional Differential Equations with Applications in Fluid Dynamics and Chemical Engineering
Authors: Prakash Bijil , Setia Amit , Bose Shourya
Published: August 2017

In this paper, a Haar wavelets based numerical method to solve a system of linear or nonlinear fractional differential equations has been proposed. Numerous nontrivial test examples along with practical problems from fluid dynamics and chemical engineering have been considered to illustrate applicability of the proposed method. We have derived a theoretical error bound which plays a crucial role whenever the exact solution of the system is not known and also it guarantees the convergence of approximate solution to exact solution.
Optimization and In-vitro Evaluation of Coating Process for Film-Coated Tablets
Authors: Maki Marwan Abdelmahmoud Abdelkarim , kumar Palanirajan Vijayaraj , Wei Yeong Siew
Published: August 2017

The proper efficiency of the tablet-coating process often results in a coating within adequate quality, which might avoid the rejection of the film-coated tablets, minimize the operating expenses and production time. In general, the optimum coating system performance and coating conditions are important for achieving the desirable tablet-coating uniformity and manufacturing reproducibility. In this study, HPMC-aqueous-based tablet film coating successfully conducted in a perforated pan coater for process scale-up using the spray-coating technique. Certain process parameters such as spray rate, inlet air temperature, pan temperature, atomizing pressure as well as pan speed were maintained carefully and the optimum coating quality was achieved with acceptable film performance. At lower initial pan speed, the strength of the coated tablets was remarkably improved and the highest weight gain obtained. The smoothest and uniform film obtained at high spray rate, high pan speed, and low atomizing pressure. The results revealed that the optimum film-coating quality and uniformity achieved at a spray rate of 480 ml/min, atomizing pressure at 5 bar, inlet temperature at 85 to 90 °C, pan temperature at 58 °C, initial pan speed at 1.5 rpm and final pan speed at 4.0 rpm using side-vented pan coater. At initial pan speed of 1.5 rpm, the strength of the coated tablets remarkably improved with minimum edges erosion, which increases the weight gain up to 3.3%w/w.
Gravity Meets Pricing to Market: What a Combined-Method Approach Tells Us on German Beer Exports and Pricing
Authors: Dreyer Heiko , Fedoseeva Svetlana , Herrmann Roland
Published: August 2017

Gravity and pricing to market (PTM) models have been used to elaborate determinants of bilateral trade and export pricing for different countries and branches. Typically, only one of the two methods was chosen. We show in a stepwise approach how a combination of both methods can reveal novel results on the determinants of exports and export pricing behaviour. For the case of German beer exports, we show that structural differences exist between markets on which exporters apply either PTM or non-PTM strategies. German beer exporters apply PTM strategies, in particular local-currency stabilization, on those markets where imports are very sensitive to exchange-rate changes. Non-PTM strategies, i. e. full exchange-rate transmission, occur on export markets with insensitive reactions. Apart from PTM strategies, German beer exports are strongly dependent on policy variables such as the introduction of the Euro and the partner country’s membership in the EU.
Groundwater: Quality Levels and Human Exposure, SW Nigeria
Authors: Olusola Adeyemi , Adeyeye Opeyemi , Durowoju Olufemi
Published: August 2017

Groundwater serves as a source of freshwater for agricultural, industrial and domestic purposes and it accounts for about 42%, 27% and 36% respectively. As it remains the only source of all-year-round supply of freshwater globally, it is of vital importance as regards water security, human survival and sustainable agriculture. The main goal of this study is to identify the main cause-effect relationship between human activities and the state of groundwater quality using a communication tool (the DPSIR Model; Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact and Response). A total of twenty-one samples were collected from ten peri-urban communities scattered across three conterminous Local Government Areas in Southwestern Nigeria. Each of the groundwater samples was tested for twelve parameters - total dissolved solids, pH, bicarbonate, chloride, lead, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, sulphate, magnesium and total suspended solids. The study revealed that the concentrations of DO and Pb were above threshold limits, while pH and N were just below the threshold and others elements were within acceptable limits based on Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality and Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality. The study revealed that groundwater quality levels from the sampled wells are under pressure leading to reduction in the amount of freshwater availability. This is a first-order setback in achieving access to freshwater as a sustainable development goal across Less Developed Communities (LDCs) globally. To combat this threat, there is the need for an integrated approach in response towards groundwater conservation and sustainability by all stakeholders.
Centurial Changes in the Depth Conditions of a Regulated River: Case Study of the Lower Tisza River, Hungary
Authors: Amissah Gabriel Jonathan , Kiss Timea , Fiala Károly
Published: August 2017

The Tisza River is the largest tributary of the Danube in Central Europe, and has been subjected to various human interventions including cutoffs to increase the slope, construction of levees to restrict the floodplain, and construction of groynes and revetments to stabilize the channel. These interventions have altered the natural morphological evolution of the river. The aim of the study is to assess the impacts of these engineering works, employing hydrological surveys of 36 cross sections (VO) of the Lower Tisza River for the years of 1891, 1931, 1961, 1976 and 1999. The changes in mean depth and thalweg depth were studied in detail comparing three reaches of the studied section. In general, the thalweg incised during the studied period (1891-1931: 3 cm/y; 1931-1961: 1.3 cm/y and 1976-1999: 2.3 cm/y), except from 1961-1976 which was characterized by aggradation (2 cm/y). The mean depth increased, referring to an overall deepening of the river during the whole period (1891-1931: 1.4 cm/y; 1931-1961: 1.2 cm/y; 1961-1976: 0.6 cm/y and 1976-1999: 1.6 cm/y). The thalweg shifted more in the upper reach showing less stabile channel, while the middle and lower reaches had more stable thalweg. Although the cross-sections subjected to various human interventions experienced considerable incision in the short-term, the cross-sections free from direct human impact experienced the largest incision from 1891-1999, especially along the meandering sections.
Impact of Various Parameters on the Performance of Optical Directional Coupler
Authors: Rani Sumita , Dewra Sanjeev
Published: August 2017

This paper presents the impact of optical coupler parameters like length of coupling region, spacing between the coupling region and materials profile on the performance of optical directional coupler (ODC) based on Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). On photonic chips a directional coupler is an essential photonic device used to design the various mixers, balanced power amplifiers, modulators, measurements system, circularly polarized antennas and beam-forming networks. It is observed that the least excess loss (0.2 dB) is achieved at 1550 nm input transmission wavelength using titanium dioxide (TiO2) profile material with value of coupling length (8.58 µm), spacing between the two coupling slits (1.55 µm) and input transmission power (0.1 W/m). The received optical power at both output port of ODC is varied due to the variations in spacing between the two couplings slits and length of coupling region.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-((1E,1′E)-(((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(2,1-phenylene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(naphthalen-2-olato-κ3
O,O′,N)zinc(II), C36H26N2O4Zn
Authors: Li Guo qiang , Zhou Rui ping , Luo Xiao fang , Zhou Hong , Xu Qiang
Published: August 2017

C36H26N2O4Zn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 43.237(10) Å, b = 17.201(4) Å, c = 11.271(2) Å, β = 103.009(5)°, V = 8168(3) Å3, Z = 12, R
gt(F) = 0.0442, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1530, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(5′-(pyridin-1-ium-4-yl)-1H-[3,3′-bi(1,2,4-triazol)]-2′-ide-κ2
N,N′)cobalt(II) — bis(5-(pyridin-4-yl-κN)-1H,1′H-3,3′-bi(1,2,4-triazole))octamolybdate – water (2/1/8), C27H33CoMo4N21O19
Authors: Huang Shan-Xiu , Zhang Lan-He , Ma Ming-Jie , Dan Zhao
Published: August 2017

C27H33CoMo4N21O19, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 12.1200(6) Å, b = 13.0412(6) Å, c = 15.7235(7) Å, α = 103.800(1)
o
, β = 98.427(1)
o
, γ = 110.278(1)
o
, V = 2191.08(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F)=0.030, wR
ref(F
2)=0.073, T = 296 K.
The crystal structure of bis(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-olato-κ2O,O′)copper(II), C24H16CuF6O4
Authors: Shao HaiFeng , Hou YanJun
Published: August 2017

C24H16CuF6O4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.5651(7) Å, b = 9.4145(10) Å, c = 9.5014(11) Å, α = 68.668(10)°, β = 77.063(9)°, γ = 86.847(9)°, V = 532.91(11) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0596, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1477, T = 293 K.
Null objects in the spontaneous speech of monolingual and bilingual speakers of European Portuguese
Authors: Rinke Esther , Flores Cristina , Barbosa Pilar
Published: August 2017

This paper investigates object omissions in the spontaneous production of European Portuguese by second-generation Portuguese-German bilingual speakers and compares them to first-generation migrants, and two age-matched groups of monolingual speakers. The results show that bilingual speakers as well as the younger generation of monolinguals show a higher number of null objects in their speech than the two older generations. This may reflect an inter-generational development that favours null objects, which is independent of language contact. The analysis of the syntactic and semantic conditions determining the occurrence of null objects in the speech of the different groups reveals that the semantic properties of the null objects realized by the bilinguals, particularly the higher rates of animate and non-propositional null objects, show that they extend the semantic-pragmatic conditions of null object realization along a referential hierarchy. The bilingual speakers may reflect a language-internal pathway that appears to resemble a diachronic change observed in BP.
Pterin determination in cerebrospinal fluid: state of the art
Authors: Guibal Pierre , Lo Aurélien , Maitre Philippe , Moussa Fathi
Published: August 2017

The analysis of pterins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is mandatory for the etiologic diagnosis of inborn errors of dopamine and serotonin metabolism. The success of the available therapeutic strategies for preventing the ongoing brain dysfunction is tightly dependent of the early diagnosis of these neurotransmitter disorders. Previous methods of pterins determination in the CSF have in common at least one reversed phase HPLC step coupled to electrochemical or fluorescence detection (FD). They differ in the oxidation procedure of the reduced forms of pterins into their oxidized fluorescent counterparts. Most of the methods using the FD include at least one offline chemical oxidation procedure and cannot allow the direct quantification of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). A recent method proposed a single step simultaneous quantification of all forms of pterins including BH4 by HPLC coupled to FD after post-column coulometric oxidation. Nowadays, recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS), notably in term of sensitivity, allow the direct unambiguous determination of all forms of pterins in the CSF by LC-MS/MS.
Synthesis and purification of metallooctachlorophthalocyanines
Authors: Rüffer Tobias , Nurpeisova Dinara , Jakupova Zhanar , Tashenov Ayezkhan , Uhlig Nell , Khalladi Ahmed , Mertens Lutz , Gonser Andreas , Mehring Michael , Lang Heinrich
Published: August 2017

A detailed synthetic procedure based on the use of urea, dichlorophthalic acid, respective transition metal halides and [NH4]2[MoO4] as a catalyst in the melt or by using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as a high-boiling inert solvent is described to gain 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-metallooctachlorophthalocyanines (MPcCl8 compounds with M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). In cases that a first purification by subsequent treatment of the crude materials with HCl, NaOH and HCl would not give rise to analytically pure compounds, a second novel purification by using pyridine is described. The degree of purity, exceeding always 98%, is determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Comparative IR, UV/Vis and PXRD studies of the MPcCl8 compounds are reported.
The critical role of uterine CD31 as a post-progesterone signal in early pregnancy
Authors: Lee Seo-Ho , Kim Byung-Ju , Kim Uh-Hyun
Published: August 2017

CD31 has been shown to play a role in endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, which are critical to the formation and function of the endometrium and myometrium in uterine development during early pregnancy. However, the role of CD31 in uterine receptivity during blastocyst implantation is poorly understood. The pregnancy rate in CD31−/− female mice mated with CD31+/+ male mice was higher than that observed in CD31+/+ female mice mated with CD31+/+ male mice. During the receptive phase of implantation, uterine glands were more developed in CD31−/− mice than in CD31+/+ mice, and the uterine weights of CD31−/− mice were increased. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was highly expressed in the CD31−/− mice during implantation and the expression of LIF was up-regulated by estradiol-17β (E2) + progesterone (P4) in ovariectomized CD31−/− mice, compared with CD31+/+ mice at 8 h after hormone treatment. E2-induced protein synthesis was inhibited by P4 in the CD31+/+ uterus, but not in the uterus of CD31−/− mice. Also, STAT3, HAND2, LIF, and mTOR signals were enhanced in CD31−/− mice. Stromal DNA replication was highly activated in the uterus of CD31−/− mice, manifested by upregulated cyclin series signaling and PCNA expression after E2 + P4treatment. Collectively, CD31 inhibits E2-mediated epithelial proliferation via recruitment and phosphorylation of SHP-2 upon receiving P4signal in early pregnancy.
Development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of some pesticide residues in table grape
Authors: Velkoska-Markovska L. , Petanovska-Ilievska B. , Jankulovska M. S. , Ilievski U.
Published: August 2017

This study presents the development and validation of a new reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of captan, folpet, and metalaxyl residues in table grape samples with ultraviolet–diode array detection (UV–DAD). Successful separation and quantitative determination of analytes was carried out on LiChrospher 60 RP-select B (250 × 4 mm, 5 μm) analytical column. Mixture of acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid in water (65:35, v/v) was used as a mobile phase, with flow rate of 1 mL/min, constant column temperature at 25 °C, and UV detection at 220 nm. The target residues were extracted with acetone by ultrasonication, followed by a cleanup using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE). The obtained values for multiple correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.90), relative standard deviation (RSD) of retention times, peak areas and heights (RSD ≤ 2.25%), and recoveries ranging from 90.55% to 105.40%, with RSD of 0.02% to 5.37%, revealed that the developed method has a good linearity, precision, and accuracy for all analytes. Hence, it is suitable for routine determination of investigated fungicides in table grape samples.
Current Treatments for Surgically Resectable, Limited-Stage, and Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Stinchcombe Thomas E.
Published: August 2017

The prevalence of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has declined in the U.S. as the prevalence of tobacco use has declined. However, a significant number of people in the U.S. are current or former smokers and are at risk of developing SCLC. Routine histological or cytological evaluation can reliably make the diagnosis of SCLC, and immunohistochemistry stains (thyroid transcription factor-1, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD56) can be used if there is uncertainty about the diagnosis. Rarely do patients present with SCLC amendable to surgical resection, and evaluation requires a meticulous workup for extra-thoracic metastases and invasive staging of the mediastinum. Resected patients require adjuvant chemotherapy and/or thoracic radiation therapy (TRT), and prophylactic cranial radiation (PCI) should be considered depending on the stage. For limited-stage disease, concurrent platinum-etoposide and TRT followed by PCI is the standard. Thoracic radiation therapy should be started early in treatment, and can be given twice daily to 45 Gy or once daily to 60–70 Gy. For extensive-stage disease, platinum-etoposide remains the standard first-line therapy, and the standard second-line therapy is topotecan. Preliminary studies have demonstrated the activity of immunotherapy, and the response rate is approximately 10–30% with some durable responses observed. Rovalpituzumab tesirine, an antibody drug conjugate, has shown promising activity in patients with high delta-like protein 3 tumor expression (approximately 70% of patients with SCLC). The emergence of these and other promising agents has rekindled interest in drug development in SCLC. Several ongoing trials are investigating novel agents in the first-line, maintenance, and second-line settings.