A vállízület funkcióinak teljesítménnyel való összefüggés vizsgálata egy utánpótláskorú kézilabda csapat játékosainak körében
Authors: Biróné Ilics Katalin , Nagyváradi Katalin , Tóth Dóra Fruzsina , Holanek Zoltán 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Handball is a ball game in which the goal is to score a goal, which the players do by shooting at the goal using various techniques. The player shooting at the goal in a large percentage of cases does not have a clear shooting position, he/she will encounter some resistance thanks to the defenders facing him/her. The shoulder is subjected to severe forces due to impact and shooting force, which often cause injury. For this reason, it is extremely important that the muscles surrounding the joint are properly stabilized. In addition, the perfect execution of the shots requires adequate mobility from the joint, so it must fulfill this dual function. Purpose: The purpose of our work is to investigate the mobility and stability of the shoulders of youth handball players from multiple perspectives, as well as to measure the shooting power. We are looking for a connection between shoulder joint mobility, stability and performance. Based on the data received, we formulate suggestions for possible development to the coaches. Material and method: In the first part of our study, we included 16-18-year-old female athletes of a handball club (N=14; average age 16.5 ±0.75). After the body composition and anthropometric analysis of the players, we performed a multi-aspect mobility study of the shoulder. ForceFrame Strength Testing System was used to measure the strength (out-in rotation) of the shoulder joint. We also measured the speed of the shot on goal from gaining momentum and from the ground. SPSS 29.0 statistical program was used to analyze the data. Results: In the 'Static flexibility test shoulder' the results of the players are well below the reference values. On the other hand, they performed excellently in the 'Static flexibility test shoulder and wrist'. The results of this study showed a correlation with body composition (p˂0.05). A significant correlation was found between the values of the 'Zipper test' performed on the right and left side (p˂0.05), but the results showed a large individual pattern. The results of the handball players in the 'Wall Angel test', with the exception of 1 player, fall short of the full range of motion (1800) by 34-750. The mobility of the shoulder and the strength of the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint did not show a correlation with the performance, i.e. neither with the jump from the ground nor from the jump. Conclusion: The players in our sample performed excellently in one of the 4 tests, and poorly in the rest except for 1 player. Since the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint play a key role in performing movement, while these muscles are also responsible for stability, they must be strong and elastic at the same time. If this function shifts in one direction, it affects the execution of the movement. This is presumably what gives the difference between the results of the performances provided in the tests, and the additional joint components, e.g. condition of ligaments. Although we did not find a correlation between the strength of the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint and the strength of the shot, which is probably due to the small number of elements, their development is essential to avoid injuries. We will later extend our work to additional Espoir groups.