bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNA-seq of Isolated Chromaffin Cells Highlights the Role of Sex-Linked and Imprinted Genes in Adrenal Medulla Development
Authors: Chan Wing Hei , Komada Masayuki , Fukushima Toshiaki , Southard-Smith E. Michelle , Anderson Colin R. , Wakefield Matthew J.
Published: March 2019

Adrenal chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons synthesize and release catecholamines, and both cell types are derived from neural crest precursors. However, they have different developmental histories, with sympathetic neurons derived directly from neural crest precursors while adrenal chromaffin cells arise from neural crest-derived cells that express Schwann cell markers. We have sought to identify the genes, including imprinted genes, which regulate the development of the two cell types in mice. We developed a method of separating the two cell types as early as E12.5, using differences in expression of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein driven from the tyrosine hydroxylase gene, and then used RNA sequencing to confirm the characteristic molecular signatures of the two cell types. We identified genes differentially expressed by adrenal chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons. Deletion of a gene highly expressed by adrenal chromaffin cells, NIK-related kinase, a gene on the X-chromosome, results in reduced expression of adrenaline-synthesizing enzyme, phenyl-N-methyl transferase, by adrenal chromaffin cells and changes in cell cycle dynamics. Finally, many imprinted genes are up-regulated in chromaffin cells and may play key roles in their development.
Bloodmeal host identification with inferences to feeding habits of a fish-fed mosquito, Aedes baisasi
Authors: Miyake Takashi , Aihara Natsuki , Maeda Ken , Shinzato Chuya , Koyanagi Ryo , Kobayashi Hirozumi , Yamahira Kazunori
Published: March 2019

The mosquito, Aedes baisasi, which inhabits brackish mangrove swamps, is known to feed on fish. However, its host assemblage has not been investigated at the species level. We amplified and sequenced the cytochrome oxidase subunit I barcoding regions as well as some other regions from blood-fed females to identify host assemblages in the natural populations from four islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Hosts were identified from 230 females. We identified 15 host fish species belonging to eight families and four orders. Contrary to expectations from previous observations, mudskippers were detected from only 3% of blood-engorged females. The dominant host was a four-eyed sleeper, Bostrychus sinensis (Butidae, Gobiiformes), in Iriomote-jima Island (61%), while it was a snake eel, Pisodonophis boro (Ophichthidae, Anguilliformes), in Amami-oshima and Okinawa-jima islands (78% and 79%, respectively). Most of the identified hosts were known as air-breathing or amphibious fishes that inhabit mangroves or lagoons. Our results suggest that A. baisasi females locate the bloodmeal hosts within the mangrove forests and sometimes in the adjacent lagoons and land on the surface of available amphibious or other air-breathing fishes exposed in the air to feed on their blood.
Increased expression of Toll-like receptors 2, 3, 4 and 7 mRNA in the kidney and intestine of a septic mouse model
Authors: Krivan Sylvia , Kapelouzou Alkistis , Vagios Stylianos , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Katsimpoulas Michalis , Moris Demetrios , Aravanis Chrysostomos V. , Demesticha Theano D. , Schizas Dimitrios , Mavroidis Manolis , Pavlakis Kitty , Machairas Anastasios , Misiakos Evangelos , Liakakos Theodore
Published: March 2019

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity and are highly expressed during sepsis. Thus, studying the expression of TLRs in an animal septic model might indicate their possible association with acute kidney injury in sepsis. Seventy-two male C57BL/6J mice were used for this study. Randomly, these animals were divided into 6 groups (N = 12/group): 3 control and 3 septic groups depending on the euthanasia time (24 h, 48 h, 72 h). Septic groups underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce peritonitis, while control groups had a sham operation. Hematological tests were performed in serum for immune biomarkers; immunohistochemistry, morphometry and qRT-PCR analysis were used on both kidney and intestine tissues to evaluate the expression of TLR 2, 3, 4 and 7 in a septic process. At the end of each experimental period, we found that TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 7 were expressed in both tissues but there were differences between those at various time points. Also, we found that mRNA levels were significantly higher in qRT-PCR evaluation in septic groups than control groups in both kidney and intestinal tissues (p < 0.05); showing a steady increase in the septic groups as the time to euthanasia was prolonged (p < 0.05). Overall, our study provides a suggestion that TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 7 are highly expressed in the kidneys of septic mice and especially that these TLRs are sensitive and specific markers for sepsis. Finally, our study supports the diagnostic importance of TLRs in AKI and provides an insight on the contribution of septic mice models in the study of multi organ dysfunction syndrome in general.
Rational Identification of a Colorectal Cancer Targeting Peptide through Phage Display
Authors: Ferreira Débora , Silva Ana P. , Nobrega Franklin L. , Martins Ivone M. , Barbosa-Matos Catarina , Granja Sara , Martins Sandra F. , Baltazar Fátima , Rodrigues Ligia R.
Published: March 2019

Colorectal cancer is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the absence of early clinical indicators. Hence, the identification of new targeting molecules is crucial for an early detection and development of targeted therapies. This study aimed to identify and characterize novel peptides specific for the colorectal cancer cell line RKO using a phage-displayed peptide library. After four rounds of selection plus a negative step with normal colorectal cells, CCD-841-CoN, there was an obvious phage enrichment that specifically bound to RKO cells. Cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to assess the most specific peptides leading to the selection of the peptide sequence CPKSNNGVC. Through fluorescence microscopy and cytometry, the synthetic peptide RKOpep was shown to specifically bind to RKO cells, as well as to other human colorectal cancer cells including Caco-2, HCT 116 and HCT-15, but not to the normal non-cancer cells. Moreover, it was shown that RKOpep specifically targeted human colorectal cancer cell tissues. A bioinformatics analysis suggested that the RKOpep targets the monocarboxylate transporter 1, which has been implicated in colorectal cancer progression and prognosis, proven through gene knockdown approaches and shown by immunocytochemistry co-localization studies. The peptide herein identified can be a potential candidate for targeted therapies for colorectal cancer.
Decreased alpha-band oscillatory brain activity prior to movement initiated by perception of fatigue sensation
Authors: Ishii Akira , Matsuo Takashi , Nakamura Chika , Uji Masato , Yoshikawa Takahiro , Watanabe Yasuyoshi
Published: March 2019

Fatigue is a health problem prevalent in modern societies. Fatigue sensation plays an important role as a biological alarm urging rest to maintain homeostasis, and clarifying the neural mechanisms related to fatigue sensations by which we decide to engage in rest is therefore essential. This study enrolled healthy male volunteers and showed that the decrease in alpha-band power as assessed by magnetoencephalography of the left Brodmann’s area (BA) 6 before perception of fatigue when a button-press based on the level of fatigue was required was smaller than that before perception of the intention to move when a voluntary button-press was required. In addition, the decrease of alpha-band power in the left BA 6 before the perception of fatigue was not altered compared with that in the right BA 6 when a button-press based on the level of fatigue was required. These results suggest that the button-press based on the perception of fatigue is not prepared before the perception of fatigue. These findings will advance the understanding of the neural mechanisms related to subjective feelings such as fatigue sensation.
Infection pattern and negative effects of a facultative endosymbiont on its insect host are environment-dependent
Authors: Liu Xiang-Dong , Lei Hai-Xia , Chen Fang-Fang
Published: March 2019

Regiella insecticolais a bacterial endosymbiont in insects that exhibits a negative effect on the fitness of hosts. Thus, it is not clear why this costly endosymbiont can persist in host populations. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the infection pattern and negative roles of the endosymbiont were not constant but environmentally dependent. The grain aphidsSitobion avenae, belonging to different genotypes and infected withRegiellaor not, were used in this study. We found thatS.avenaepopulations were infected withRegiella,Hamiltonella defensa,Serratia symbioticaandRickettsia. The predominant endosymbionts in the aphid populations varied with season.SerratiaandRickettsiawere predominant from December to February whileRegiellapredominated from March to May. The vertical transmission ofRegiellawas poorer at high temperature, but following conditioning for seven generations, the transmission rate improved.Regiellainhibited the production of winged aphids at 25 °C, but it did not affect winged morph production at the higher temperatures of 28 °C and 31 °C.Regiellainfection decreased the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of aphids at 25 °C and 28 °C. However, at 31 °C, the effect ofRegiellaon thermvaried depending on the aphid genotype and density. Thus, the negative effects of this endosymbiont on its host were environmentally dependent.
A Novel Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor, 1-(Phenylseleno)-4-(Trifluoromethyl) Benzene, Suppresses Tumor Growth through Apoptotic Cell Death
Authors: Kim Eun-Yeong , Chung Tae-Wook , Han Chang Woo , Park So Young , Park Kang Hyun , Jang Se Bok , Ha Ki-Tae
Published: March 2019

The Warburg effect, wherein cancer cells prefer glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation even under normoxic conditions, is a major characteristic of malignant tumors. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is the main enzyme regulating the Warburg effect, and is thus, a major target for novel anti-cancer drug development. Through our ongoing screening of novel inhibitors, we found that several selenobenzene compounds have inhibitory effects on LDHA activity. Among them, 1-(phenylseleno)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene (PSTMB) had the most potent inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity of LDHA. The results from biochemical assays and computational modeling showed that PSTMB inhibited LDHA activity. In addition, PSTMB inhibited the growth of several tumor cell lines, including NCI-H460, MCF-7, Hep3B, A375, HT29, and LLC. In HT29 human colon cancer cells, PSTMB dose-dependently inhibited the viability of the cells and activity of LDHA, without affecting the expression of LDHA. Under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, PSTMB effectively reduced LDHA activity and lactate production. Furthermore, PSTMB induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of HT29 cells via production of reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that PSTMB may be a novel candidate for development of anti-cancer drugs by targeting cancer metabolism.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effect of Soy on Thyroid Function
Authors: Otun Jemiliat , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Östlundh Linda , Atkin Stephen L. , Sathyapalan Thozhukat
Published: March 2019

Soy foods have had an important dietary role in Asian countries for centuries, and in recent years they have become increasingly popular in Western countries as a result of their suggested health benefits. Nevertheless, there are some concerns that soy can have a negative effect on thyroid function and can alter the levels of thyroid hormones. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the link between soy or soy product consumption and thyroid function via the measurement of thyroid hormone levels. A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken on all randomised controlled trials of studies including soy as an intervention and where free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured. The search included PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and sources for the grey literature. Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model, with standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval as summary statistics. A total of 18 articles were suitable for review. The meta-analysis showed no significant changes in fT3 (WMD: 0.027 pmol/L, 95% CI: −0.052, 0.107, p = 0.499; I2: 55.58%), fT4 (WMD: −0.003 pmol/L, 95% CI: −0.018, 0.011, p = 0.656; I2: 87.58%) while an elevation in TSH levels was observed (WMD: 0.248 mIU/L, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.494, p = 0.049; I2: 80.31%) levels with soy supplementation. There was no evidence of publication bias. Soy supplementation has no effect on the thyroid hormones and only very modestly raises TSH levels, the clinical significance, if any, of the rise in TSH is unclear.
Vitrification of canine ovarian tissues with polyvinylpyrrolidone preserves the survival and developmental capacity of primordial follicles
Authors: Fujihara Mayako , Kaneko Takehito , Inoue-Murayama Miho
Published: March 2019

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation combined with immature follicle development can preserve female fertility in wildlife, regardless of age or reproductive timing. To investigate the effects of different cryopreservation methods and cryoprotectants on follicular survival and developmental capacity, ovarian cortical pieces from 15 dogs were cryopreserved by slow freezing or vitrification with different additional cryoprotectants as follows: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), combined DMSO and PVP (each at half the concentration of when used independently), or none (control). Cryopreserved ovarian tissues were evaluated by neutral red staining, histology, and xenotransplantation assays. Among cryopreservation conditions tested, vitrification with combined DMSO and PVP significantly improved the maintenance of follicular morphology compared to that in control. Furthermore, ovarian tissues vitrified using this condition maintained follicle morphology and developmental capacity 9 weeks after grafting, as shown by an increased percentage of primary and secondary follicles and a significant decrease in the transition stage from primordial to primary stage follicles 5 and 9 weeks after grafting. In contrast, slow freezing and control groups lost intact follicles by 5 weeks after grafting. The described cryopreservation techniques, which preserve canine follicle development, will build the foundation of ovarian tissue cryopreservation to preserve female fertility in wild canids.
Cholecystokinin induces crowing in chickens
Authors: Shimmura Tsuyoshi , Tamura Mai , Ohashi Shosei , Sasaki Asuka , Yamanaka Takamichi , Nakao Nobuhiro , Ihara Kunio , Okamura Shinsaku , Yoshimura Takashi
Published: March 2019

Animals that communicate using sound are found throughout the animal kingdom. Interestingly, in contrast to human vocal learning, most animals can produce species-specific patterns of vocalization without learning them from their parents. This phenomenon is called innate vocalization. The underlying molecular basis of both vocal learning in humans and innate vocalization in animals remains unknown. The crowing of a rooster is also innately controlled, and the upstream center is thought to be localized in the nucleus intercollicularis (ICo) of the midbrain. Here, we show that the cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) is a regulatory gene involved in inducing crowing in roosters. Crowing is known to be a testosterone (T)-dependent behavior, and it follows that roosters crow but not hens. Similarly, T-administration induces chicks to crow. By using RNA-sequencing to compare gene expression in the ICo between the two comparison groups that either crow or do not crow, we found that CCKBR expression was upregulated in T-containing groups. The expression of CCKBR and its ligand, cholecystokinin (CCK), a neurotransmitter, was observed in the ICo. We also showed that crowing was induced by intracerebroventricular administration of an agonist specific for CCKBR. Our findings therefore suggest that the CCK system induces innate vocalization in roosters.
Multi-metal 4D printing with a desktop electrochemical 3D printer
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Liu Xinhua , Ouyang Mengzheng , Chen Jingyi , Taiwo Oluwadamilola , Xia Yuhua , Childs Peter R. N. , Brandon Nigel P. , Wu Billy
Published: March 2019

4D printing has the potential to create complex 3D geometries which are able to react to environmental stimuli opening new design possibilities. However, the vast majority of 4D printing approaches use polymer based materials, which limits the operational temperature. Here, we present a novel multi-metal electrochemical 3D printer which is able to fabricate bimetallic geometries and through the selective deposition of different metals, temperature responsive behaviour can thus be programmed into the printed structure. The concept is demonstrated through a meniscus confined electrochemical 3D printing approach with a multi-print head design with nickel and copper used as exemplar systems but this is transferable to other deposition solutions. Improvements in deposition speed (34% (Cu)–85% (Ni)) are demonstrated with an electrospun nanofibre nib compared to a sponge based approach as the medium for providing hydrostatic back pressure to balance surface tension in order to form a electrolyte meniscus stable. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray computed tomography and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows that bimetallic structures with a tightly bound interface can be created, however convex cross sections are created due to uneven current density. Analysis of the thermo-mechanical properties of the printed strips shows that mechanical deformations can be generated in Cu-Ni strips at temperatures up to 300 °C which is due to the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch generating internal stresses in the printed structures. Electrical conductivity measurements show that the bimetallic structures have a conductivity between those of nanocrystalline copper (5.41 × 106 S.m−1) and nickel (8.2 × 105 S.m−1). The potential of this novel low-cost multi-metal 3D printing approach is demonstrated with the thermal actuation of an electrical circuit and a range of self-assembling structures.
Anti-ohmic single molecule electron transport: is it feasible?
Authors: Gil-Guerrero Sara , Ramos-Berdullas Nicolás , Martín Pendás Ángel , Francisco Evelio , Mandado Marcos
Published: March 2019

Feasibility of anti-ohmic transport in the ground state of molecular wires, intrinsically related to superexchange, is called into question.
Niosomes encapsulated in biohydrogels for tunable delivery of phytoalexin resveratrol
Authors: Machado Noelia D. , Fernández Mariana A. , Häring Marleen , Saldías César , Díaz David Díaz
Published: March 2019

A series of biohydrogels were evaluated as potential soft delivery vehicles for the encapsulation and subsequent release of niosomes loaded with resveratrol (RSV).
Superconductivity of boron-doped graphane under high pressure
Authors: Cheng Ya , Wang Xianlong , Zhang Jie , Yang Kaishuai , Niu Caoping , Zeng Zhi
Published: March 2019

Under high-pressure, the most stable two configurations of B-doped graphane are phase-α and phase-β, and pressurization can increase their Tc significantly.
Supercapacitive performance of TiO2 boosted by a unique porous TiO2/Ti network and activated Ti3+
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Musen , Wang Zhou
Published: March 2019

Excellent supercapacitive performance is achieved by constructing a 3D porous TiO2/Ti network structure and introducing an activated Ti3+/Ti4+ redox couple.
A thiophene-modified doubleshell hollow g-C3N4 nanosphere boosts NADH regeneration via synergistic enhancement of charge excitation and separation
Authors: Meng Jialin , Tian Yao , Li Congfa , Lin Xue , Wang Zhenyang , Sun Liming , Zhou Yinuo , Li Jiansheng , Yang Nan , Zong Yongchao , Li Feng , Cao Yingxiu , Song Hao
Published: March 2019

ATCN-DSCN enabled boosted NADH photo-regeneration and FDH-assisted CO2 reduction.
Cu nanoparticles decorated WS2 nanosheets as a lubricant additive for enhanced tribological performance
Authors: Xu Zhuang , Lou Wenjing , Zhao Gaiqing , Zheng Dongdong , Hao Junying , Wang Xiaobo
Published: March 2019

Tungsten disulfide–polydopamine–copper (WS2–PDA–Cu) nanocomposites were first prepared by a green and effective biomimetic strategy and then used as a lubricant additive in polyalkylene glycol (PAG).
Identification of mine water inrush using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy combined with one-dimensional convolutional neural network
Authors: Hu Feng , Zhou Mengran , Yan Pengcheng , Li Datong , Lai Wenhao , Bian Kai , Dai Rongying
Published: March 2019

LIF spectroscopy combined with 1D CNN can identify mine water inrush quickly and accurately without complicated pretreatment.
Organogelating and narcissistic self-sorting behaviour of non-preorganized oligoamides
Authors: Zheng Kun , Wang Huaizhen , Chow Hak-Fun
Published: March 2019

Depending on the length (n) and the nature of the end group (X), structurally flexible oligoamides OAT and OATe were found to be good organogelators and their mixtures showed narcissistic self-sorting in both the xerogel and wet gel states.
Multipurpose [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5] tetrazine-based energetic materials
Authors: Liu Yingle , Zhao Gang , Tang Yongxing , Zhang Jichuan , Hu Lu , Imler Gregory H. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: March 2019

Next-generation fused ring energetic materials for different applications were designed by regulating mechanical sensitivity.
The Escherichia coli multiple antibiotic resistance activator protein represses transcription of the lac operon
Authors: Lankester Anna , Ahmed Shafayeth , Lamberte Lisa E. , Kettles Rachel A. , Grainger David C.
Published: March 2019

In Escherichia coli, the marRAB operon is a determinant for antibiotic resistance. Such phenotypes require the encoded transcription factor MarA that activates efflux pump expression. To better understand all genes controlled by MarA, we recently mapped binding of the regulator across the E. coli genome. As expected, many MarA targets were adjacent to genes encoding stress response systems. Surprisingly, one MarA-binding site overlapped the lac operon regulatory region. Here, we show that MarA specifically targets this locus and can block transcription of the lac genes. Repression is mediated by binding of MarA to a site overlapping the lacP1 promoter −35 element. Control of the lac operon by MarA does not impact antibiotic resistance.
Improved thermal management of power cells with adding cooling path from collector to ground
Authors: Tian Ting , Sun Xiaohong , Gao Huai , Lu Shengli
Published: March 2019

A method to improve thermal management of power cells based on gallium arsenide (GaAs) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) fabricated with backside thermal via (BTV) technology is presented. For common‐emitter configuration, collector metal is introduced to provide a new cooling path for heat spreading to BTVs flowing through the insulating layers. Two power cells consist of 64 HBTs, without (T64‐A) and with (T64‐B) the proposed cooling path are measured by QFI InfraScope TM temperature mapping system. Compared to T64‐A, a reduction in the maximum junction temperature (Tjmax) of T64‐B by 22.55% (40.96°C) is observed when dissipated power (Pdiss) is 3 W and baseplate temperature (Tbase) is 25°C. Meanwhile, the thermal distribution of overall power cell is improved, and the improvements are 6.8, 21.67 and 35.96°C at Tbase = 25°C for three different values of Pdiss, which are 1, 2 and 3 W, respectively.
Comparative analysis of MPPT algorithms bio‐inspired by grey wolves employing a feed‐forward control loop in a three‐phase grid‐connected photovoltaic system
Authors: Poltronieri Sampaio Leonardo , Vichoski da Rocha Maykon , Oliveira da Silva Sérgio Augusto , Hideo Takami de Freitas Marcelo
Published: March 2019

It is well‐known that performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems can be severely deteriorated when PV arrays are subjected to partial shading conditions, once the traditional techniques used for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) could not operate in the global maximum power point (GMPP). Thus, to overcome this problem and achieve the GMPP, four MPPT techniques bio‐inspired in the grey wolf optimisation (GWO) are presented. These MPPT techniques, which are named as GWO, GWO‐Beta, GWO‐IC (Incremental Conductance), and GWO‐P&O (Perturb and Observe), are evaluated and compared to each other by employing a double‐stage three‐phase grid‐connected PV system, which is composed of DC/DC converter and three‐phase inverter. Commonly, the DC‐bus voltage regulation of double‐stage PV systems presents slow dynamic behaviour to avoid disturbances in the currents injected into the grid. As a result, MPPT algorithms suffer with this problem since they must be executed considering this condition. To overcome this problem, a feed‐forward control loop (FFCL) is implemented to improve the DC‐bus voltage regulation during abrupt solar irradiance changes, as well as accelerating the MPPT algorithms dynamics. By means of extensive experimental and simulation results, the performance and effectiveness of the four MPPT techniques, as well as the FFCL, are evaluated.
Innenohrschwerhörigkeit und
Gleichgewichtsstörungen
Authors: Merkt W. , Lorenz H. M. , Blank N.
Published: March 2019

Einleitung

Das Cogan-Syndrom ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die durch eine bilaterale
Innenohrschwerhörigkeit, eine Störung des Gleichgewichtsorganes mit Ataxie und
eine interstitielle Keratitis charakterisiert ist. In einigen Fällen wurde eine
Assoziation mit einer systemischen Vaskulitis beschrieben. Eine wirksame
Therapie zur Erhaltung des Hörvermögens ist bisher nicht bekannt. Der Verlust
des Hörvermögens wird häufig durch eine Versorgung mit Hörgeräten kompensiert.
In diesem Fallbericht beschreiben wir eine deutliche Besserung des Hörvermögens
durch eine Therapie mit dem Interleukin (IL)-1-Rezeptorantagonisten
Anakinra.
Winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthese
Authors: Rußow Gabriele , Schütz Michael , Berner Arne
Published: March 2019

Die winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthese ist aus der modernen Unfallchirurgie und
Orthopädie nicht mehr wegzudenken. Sie hat unterschiedliche Entwicklungsschritte
durchgemacht, bis sie schließlich bei dem Produkt angekommen ist, das heute so
weit verbreitet ist. Dieser Artikel liefert eine Einführung in die Grundlagen
der winkelstabilen Plattenosteosynthese.
Was essen nach Tonsillektomie?
Authors: Gerstner Andreas O. H.
Published: March 2019

Faramarzi M et al. Comparing Cold/Liquid Diet vs Regular Diet on
Posttonsillectomy Pain and Bleeding. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:
755–760

Die Tonsillektomie ist eine häufige Operation. Hinsichtlich
Nahrungsmittelauswahl und Art der Ernährung nach der Tonsillektomie gehen
die Meinungen aber auseinander. Ärzte des HNO-Forschungszentrums in Schiras
im Iran verglichen die Auswirkungen einer kalt/flüssigen Diät und einer
normalen Ernährung auf Schmerzen und Blutungen im Bereich der
Tonsillektomie.
Wie viele Pflegende braucht eine Klinik?
Authors: Eck Ingo
Published: March 2019

Eine bessere Personalausstattung bringt Entlastung für alle Pflegenden – doch wie
lässt sich der tatsächlich erforderliche Personalbedarf einer Klinik ermitteln?
Speziell für Intensivstationen hat ein Pflegeteam unter der Leitung von Ingo Eck
ein EDV-basiertes System zur genauen Leistungserfassung entwickelt.
INPULS® kommt mittlerweile in 26 Kliniken deutschlandweit zum
Einsatz und wird ständig weiterentwickelt. Wir stellen das System vor.
Perioperative Care of Free Flap Patients
Authors: Vincent Aurora , Sawhney Raja , Ducic Yadranko
Published: March 2019

Microvascular free tissue transfer is an indispensable reconstructive option in head and neck reconstruction. Flap failure is relatively rare, but it is nonetheless very morbid and psychologically devastating to patients when it does occur. Further, complications after free tissue transfer to the head and neck remain common. There are numerous ongoing debates about various facets of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care of patients undergoing free flap reconstruction of the head and neck, all ultimately searching for the optimal treatment algorithm to further improve flap success, minimize complications, and maximize patient outcomes. Herein, the authors review current literature surrounding optimal preoperative nutritional support, intraoperative vasopressor use, perioperative fluid management, use of antithrombotic agents, antibiotic use, and other facets of the care of head and neck free flap patients to provide a guide to surgeons.
RNA-Sequencing of Umbilical Cord Blood to Investigate Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vora Neeta , Parker Joel , Mieckowski Piotr , Smeester Lisa , Fry Rebecca , Boggess Kim
Published: March 2019

Objective To analyze the transcriptomic gene expression of umbilical cord blood leukocytes using RNA-sequencing from preterm birth (PTB) and term birth (TB).

Study Design Eight women with spontaneous PTB (sPTB) and eight women with unlabored TB were enrolled prospectively. The sPTB and TB cohorts were matched for maternal age, race, mode of delivery, and fetal sex. Cord blood RNA was extracted and a globin depletion protocol was applied, then sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 4000. Raw read counts were analyzed with DESeq2 to test for gene expression differences between sPTB and TB.

Results 148 genes had significant differential expression (q < 0.01). Cell cycle/metabolism gene expression was significantly higher and immune/inflammatory signaling gene expression significantly lower in the sPTB cohort compared with term. In African American (AA) infants, 18 genes specific to cell signaling, neutrophil activity, and major histocompatibility complex type 1 had lower expression in preterm compared with term cohort; the opposite pattern was seen in non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs).

Conclusion Compared with term, preterm fetuses have higher cell cycle/metabolism gene expression, suggesting metabolic focus on growth and development. Immune function gene expression in this pilot study is lower in the sPTB group compared with term and differs in AA compared with NHW infants.
A Pushed Descending Aorta due to Hiatal Hernia
Authors: Gecmen Cetin , Kahyaoglu Muzaffer , Kalayci Arzu , Cakmak Ender , Candan Ozkan , Guner Ahmet , Izgi Ibrahim , Kirma Cevat
Published: March 2019

A 91-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital for evaluation of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. A chest radiography showed a hiatal hernia, and the stomach and duodenum appeared in the thoracic cavity. The descending aorta was pushed by the stomach and duodenum.
Chondroblastoma of the Femoral Head: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Hoskins Tyler , Sonnylal Laura , O'Connor Ian , Patel Jay , Issa Kimona , Wittig James
Published: March 2019

Chondroblastoma is a rare bone tumor predominantly affecting patients during the first and second decades of life. The purpose of this case series is to assist clinicians in establishing a proper diagnosis and treatment method for patients presenting with chondroblastoma of the femoral head. Symptoms of this tumor in the hip joint can be nonspecific, resulting in the critical delay of a proper diagnosis. Due to the aggressive nature of this tumor, an early diagnosis is vital to prevent significant local bone destruction and the potential loss of a mobile hip. The authors present a series of three adolescent patients treated by the primary investigator between 2014 and 2017 for chondroblastoma of the femoral head to help illustrate several diagnostic and treatment principles and considerations for clinicians. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score at the latest follow-up was 26 points (range: 25–27). No local recurrence was reported in any patient and all individuals have returned to preoperative function, and are participating in daily activities and sports.
Health-related Quality of Life in Women with Cervical Cancer
Authors: dos Santos Larissa Nascimento , Castaneda Luciana , de Aguiar Suzana Sales , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos , Koifman Rosalina Jorge , Bergmann Anke
Published: March 2019

Objective To analyze the factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with cervical cancer (CC) in a single center in Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods A cross-sectional study in women with a diagnosis of CC followed-up in the gynecology outpatient clinic of the Hospital do Câncer II (HCII, in the Portuguese acronym) of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA, in the Portuguese acronym). The data were collected from March to August 2015. Women with palliative care, communication/cognition difficulty, undergoing simultaneous treatment for other types of cancer, or undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy were excluded. For the evaluation of the HRQoL, a specific questionnaire for women with CC was used (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Cervix Cancer [FACT-Cx]). The total score of the questionnaire ranges from 0 to 168, with higher scores indicating a better HRQoL.

Results A total of 115 women were included in the present study, with a mean age of 52.64 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 12.13). The domains of emotional (16.61; SD = 4.55) and functional well-being (17.63; SD = 6.15) were those which presented the worst scores. The factors that had an association with better HRQoL in women with CC were having a current occupation, a longer time since the treatment and diagnosis, and women who had undergone hysterectomy.

Conclusion Considering the domains of HRQoL of the women treated for cervical cancer, a better score was observed in the domains of physical and social/family well-being. For most domains, better scores were found between those with a current occupation, with a longer time after the diagnosis and treatment, and among those who had undergone a hysterectomy.
Estudio comparativo de la distancia coracohumeral en pacientes con patología degenerativa del subescapular y una población voluntaria asintomática
Authors: Cárdenas Gabriel , Calderon Christian , Pineda Tomas , Avila Joaquin , Pefaur Ricardo
Published: March 2019

Introducción El pinzamiento subcoracoideo secundario a una distancia coracohumeral (DCH) disminuida, ha sido descrito como una posible etiología de las lesiones degenerativas del tendón del Subescapular (SSC), sin embargo, esa teoría aún es controversial.

Objetivo Evaluar si existe una diferencia significativa entre la DCH promedio de pacientes con patología degenerativa del SSC y un grupo control.

Materiales y Métodos Se diseñó un estudio de casos-controles y se estableció un tamaño muestral mínimo de 36 casos por grupo. De nuestra base de datos, y dentro de un periodo de 6 meses, se rescataron 46 Resonancias Magnéticas (RM) de hombro con patología degenerativa avanzada y/o roturas del SSC (grupo SSC). El grupo control fue conformado por 36 RM realizadas a voluntarios asintomáticos sin patología del mango rotador. Se incluyeron en ambos grupos solo pacientes entre 40 y 60 años. Se utilizó prueba de t para determinar las diferencias entre 2 grupos con un nivel de confianza del 95%.

Resultados La edad promedio del grupo SSC fue 50,1 ± 6,1 años y del grupo control 51,7 ± 6,8 años, no existiendo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos (p = 0.43). La DCH promedio en el grupo SSC fue 8,58 mm [IC: 7,95–9,21 mm], y en el grupo control fue 11,04 mm [IC: 10,05–12,04 mm]. Al comparar la DCH, se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre grupos (p = 0,00048).

Conclusión Nuestros resultados respaldan la existencia de una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre una DCH disminuida y la presencia de patología degenerativa del SSC.

Nivel de Evidencia: III (Estudio de casos y controles).
The Value of Different Radiological Modalities in Assessment of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: Case Review and Diagnostic Perspective
Authors: Jariwala Poonam , Kalaniti Kaarthigeyan , Wonko Neil , Daspal Sibasis , Mugarab Samedi Veronica
Published: March 2019

Pneumomediastinum (PM), or a mediastinal air leak, is a known morbidity in neonates. Among predisposing factors, the most significant are mixed lung diseases, such as pneumonia or meconium aspiration syndrome, with coexisting atelectasis and airway obstruction. We report an unusual presentation of significant spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a term newborn delivered by elective cesarean section with no history of active resuscitation at birth.

Timely diagnosis of SPM is important for both management and prognosis. We believe that lung ultrasound (LUS) is a promising screening tool for early detection of PM in neonates, and could help avoid unnecessary exposure to radiation in delicate neonates. More simultaneous studies comparing chest X-ray (CXR), LUS, and computed tomography (CT) scans may help to prove the utility value of point-of-care ultrasounds as a primary diagnostic tool in identifying this morbidity.
The effects of Ge occupation and hydrostatic pressure on the metamagnetic phase transition and magnetocaloric effect in Mn2Sb alloy
Authors: Zhang Jinsong , Yao Guiquan , Chen Shaohui , Wei Fulong , Fan Xiaomeng , Yin Xiaowei , Chen Zixin , Cui Weibin , Wang Qiang
Published: March 2019

The effects of Ge occupations at Sb and Mn sites in Mn2Sb system had been re-examined along with the influence of hydrostatic pressure. The metamagnetic phase transition from ferrimagnetic (FRI) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) state was observed in Mn2Sb1-xGex (x = 0.05, 0.1) and (Mn1-yGey)2Sb (y = 0.025, 0.04) alloys. The phase transition temperature, Tt, was gradually increased with increased Ge substitution for both Sb and Mn, but slightly decreased under increased hydrostatic pressure in Mn2Sb0.95Ge0.05 alloy. Meanwhile, the slope of critical field as the function of temperature was reduced with increased hydrostatic pressure and Ge substitution amount in (Mn1-yGey)2Sb (y = 0.025, 0.04) alloys. For a field change of 7 T, the maxima of magnetic entropy changes of 6 Jkg-1K-1 and 7.1 Jkg-1K-1 have been achieved in Mn2Sb0.95Ge0.05 and Mn1.95Ge0.05Sb alloys, which are gradually decreased by more Ge substitution and increased hydrostatic pressure.
Structure and magnetism of NiFeMnGaxSn1-x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.00) Heusler compounds
Authors: Waybright Jace , Halbritter Lee , Dahal Bishnu , Qian Hanyang , Huh Yung , Lukashev Pavel , Kharel Parashu
Published: March 2019

The crystal structure and magnetic properties of NiFeMnGaxSn1-x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) Heusler compounds have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The computational results suggest that NiFeMnGa0.75Sn0.25 is nearly half-metallic with a spin polarization P of 87%. The bulk samples prepared using arc-melting and annealing exhibit a high degree of Y-type order. All the investigated samples show ferromagnetic spin order with the Curie temperatures ranging from 284 K for NiFeMnGa to 408 K for NiFeMnSn. The intermediate composition NiFeMnGa0.75Sn0.25, which is predicted to be nearly half metallic, has a saturation magnetization of 66.50 emu/g and Curie temperature of 326 K. These results indicate that the NiFeMnGa0.75Sn0.25 alloy has potential for spin-transport-based devices.
Powdering and SPS sintering effect on the magnetocaloric properties of MnNiSi-based compounds
Authors: Imam H. , Zhang H. G. , Chen J. , Yue M. , Lu Q. M. , Zhang D. T. , Liu W. Q.
Published: March 2019

Shaping process is crucial for the application of MM′X systems which are commonly fragile due to the large volume effect during phase transition. We adopted spark plasma sintering as a new method to produce MnNiSi-based bulks and investigated the variations of both structural and magnetic properties. The sintering process creates many micro-cracks inside the large particles and changes the residual strain in the small particles. It leads to the reduction of the entropy change, while the relative cooling power is increased by 7%. This work provides reference for further investigations about the effects of different shaping processes on the performance of MM′X systems.
3D structure design of magnetic ferrite cores using gelcasting and pressure-less sintering process
Authors: Stratta A. , Ahmadi B. , Mouawad B. , Robertson S. , De Lillo L. , Empringham L. , Johnson M.
Published: March 2019

Gelcasting is a well established process for ceramics manufacturing which recently has been proved to be successful for soft ferrites as well. This approach is particularly interesting for power electronics application in which the magnetic components (e.g. transformers and inductors) are three dimensionally integrated on the power module substrate. This paper proposes a gelcasting process adapted to make it more effective for 3D heterogeneous integration. The main novelties in this direction consist of low solid load (65wt%) and gelation without catalyst to improve casting and de-airing steps. The magnetic properties of gelcast samples are compared with commercial materials and correlated with the microstructure.
Control of optimal growth of instabilities in Jeffery-Hamel flow
Authors: Kant Ravi , Vinod Narayanan
Published: March 2019

In this article, we present an active control of optimal growth of instabilities in Jeffery-Hamel (JH) flow through the standard wall transpiration control technique. The motivation behind this work is to delay the transition process in converging/diverging JH flows with small angles. We formulate the governing equations and the control model for the JH flow with the parallel flow approximations. In the non-modal stability framework, we have constructed a state space model which incorporates control actuation as periodic suction/blowing of fluid through walls (wall transpiration). The variational method is used to compute the optimal growth of the system. An optimal feedback control gain is obtained (assuming the knowledge of the full state) through linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and feed-backed to the system to suppress the maximum amplification of optimal growth of the instabilities in the flow. We found that the optimally amplified growth in both converging as well as diverging JH flow is reduced after applying controlled wall transpiration. The present study could be the starting step towards the control of non-parallel global instabilities.
Hafnium layer help create multilayered ultrasensitive magnetic sensors
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: March 2019

Hafnium inserted in a multilayer increases anomalous Hall effect sensitivities by 883% and improves capabilities for detecting weak magnetic fields.
‚David Armenius philosophus‘
Authors: Jeck Udo Reinhold
Published: March 2019

At the centre of the philosophical tradition of Armenia is a thinker who in the Western tradition carries the
Latin names ‘David Armenius philosophus’ or ‘David invincibilis’. Today, international philosophical-historical research is
increasingly concerned with the enigmatic corpus of the works that have been handed down under the name of David. The
historical-critical exploration of early Armenian philosophy and its specific achievements, as well as its intense relationship to
late antique Byzantine thought, were, however, initiated by important scholars of Western Europe at the beginning of the 19th
century. Before this time, there were few reliable references to ‘David’ in Western European research literature. It was the
orientalist Carl Friedrich Neumann (1798–1870) who brought about the turnaround. He studied in Heidelberg with Creuzer and Hegel,
learned the Armenian language from the Mechitarists in Venice, and found inspiration in Paris. Then he examined the available
Armenian and Greek sources of the Corpus Davidis and collected his findings in a monograph in 1829. Neumann’s deeply philosophical
mind is clearly revealed in this treatise, entitled Mémoire sur la vie et les ouvrages de David. With great certitude, he
traced down the pieces of information from David’s writings, as well as from the related ancient Armenian sources, which had great
relevance for further research. These findings included communications on the biography of David and his own works, as well as on
Aristotle, late antique Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism. Almost inevitably, Neumann also fell victim to errors, which, however,
does not diminish his importance as a pioneer of research into late antique Armenian philosophy. Neumann put David on the map for
Western scholars, thus prompting a wider interest in the hitherto isolated Armenian philosophical thought for the first time.
The points of concepts: their types, tensions, and connections
Authors: Queloz Matthieu
Published: March 2019

In the literature seeking to explain concepts in terms of their point, talk of ‘the point’ of concepts remains under-theorised. I propose a typology of points which distinguishes practical, evaluative, animating, and inferential points. This allows us to resolve tensions such as that between the ambition of explanations in terms of the points of concepts to be informative and the claim that mastering concepts requires grasping their point; and it allows us to exploit connections between types of points to understand why they come apart, and whether they do so for problematic ideological reasons or for benignly functional reasons.
Trajectories of students’ well-being in secondary education in Germany and differences by social background
Authors: Herke Max , Rathmann Katharina , Richter Matthias
Published: March 2019

Background

Subjective well-being (SWB) is an important indicator of quality of life, but prior research mostly analyzed adolescents’ subjective well-being in cross-sectional studies. There is a lack of studies examining changes in subjective well-being throughout adolescence using longitudinal panel data. This study examined trajectories of subjective well-being of adolescents in Germany throughout secondary education and differences by socioeconomic position, gender and family structure.

Methods

We use the German National Educational Panel Study and combine data from annual survey waves of two of its cohorts. These were first surveyed in 2010 and cover 5th to 10th and 9th to 12th grade level. Using growth curve modelling based on multilevel models, differences in levels and trajectories of subjective well-being overall and differentiated by school type, parental education, household income, gender and family structure were identified. The analyses include 34 504 observations of 12 564 students.

Results

Subjective well-being decreased from 5th to 12th grade. Students attending lower track schools showed lower subjective well-being, but also a lesser decrease over time. Students living in low-income households or in single-parent or step-families showed lower subjective well-being. Female students showed higher subjective well-being than males in 5th grade, but also a higher decrease over time, leading to lower subjective well-being than males by 12th grade.

Conclusion

This study provides a comprehensive picture of subjective well-being throughout secondary education. Adolescents’ subjective well-being is linked to social factors regarding family and living conditions as well as school features. Overall, disadvantaged adolescents experience longer periods of lower subjective well-being, thus accumulating the effects of worse psychosocial health opportunities over time.