bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEWSPAPER POLITIKA ON THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE KINGDOMS OF SERBIA AND BULGARIA IN 1904-1905
Authors: Antić Dejan
Published: March 2021

A considerable amount of the historical material has been preserved for the study of the political relations of the Balkan countries in the first two decades of the 20th century. We are acquainted with the details of these relations based on the documents of the governments of the Balkan countries or the governments of the great powers, the correspondence of ministers, official notes, decisions and commands of officers, the reports of Serbian and foreign newspapers, etc. The subject of this paper is the course and intensity of political and economic relations between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Bulgaria during 1904 and 1905. This paper resulted from the analysis of newspaper articles and reports published in the daily newspaper Politika, but also from archival materials and relevant literature. The paper also contains the analysis of the media response related to the signing of the Serbian-Bulgarian Alliance Agreement in 1904, as well as the signing of the Customs Alliance Agreement in 1905 between Belgrade and Sofia. The Macedonian issue, as a topic that placed emphasis on the relations between the two neighbors, is also an inevitable part of the research corpus of this paper.
PRESENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY IN THE SERBIAN PRESS
Authors: Ljajić Samir , Dojčinović Nikola
Published: March 2021

One’s attention is directed to the events, phenomena, personalities and social groups present in the media. How they are perceived depends on media presentation and representation, which implies media representations of events, phenomena, identities, social groups. Through them, the media can shape public opinion, refer to or restrict stereotypical and discriminatory attitudes in society. One of the fundamental conditions for combating discrimination is equal participation of women in the media world, i.e. the equal presence of women and men in the media. The paper investigates the presence of women in the following daily newspapers: Politika, Danas, Blic, and Večernje novosti on International Women’s Day, with special reference to the method of reporting on this holiday. The theoretical part of the paper includes a chapter on the social status of women throughout history, outlining some of the factors for the inferior position of women that contributed to the creation of stereotypes about women. Then, attention is paid to stereotypes about women, dominant patterns of reporting on women in the media, as well as the importance of the holiday and its historical origin. The interpretation of previous research in published scientific papers can also be found in the theoretical part. The second part of the paper includes the quantitative and qualitative research results. Finally, the results are summarized, which leads to the conclusion.
Student Versus Scholar: A Review of Carol Grbich ’s Qualitative Data Analysis: An Introduction (2nd ed.)
Authors: Chatfield Sheryl
Published: March 2021

Grbich’s analysis text is marketed for beginners although it contains some content that may be more meaningful for those with prior exposure to qualitative inquiry. The content of the book might be viewed as a series of contrasts: serious versus humorous; decisive versus flexible; didactic versus experiential. While some content areas are covered in great detail, the role of transcription in analysis is minimized. Recommended use of this text is as a supplemental book in a first qualitative course or as a primary text in a subsequent course.
Blending the Old and the New: Qualitative Data Analysis a s Critical Thinking and Using NVivo with a Generic Approach
Authors: Bernauer James , Lichtman Marilyn , Jacobs Cynthia , Robinson Stuart
Published: March 2021

In this article the authors seek to make the case that qualitative data analysis can be explained within the framework of critical thinking and incorporates within this framework the role of technology – specifically NVivo. First they discuss critical thinking from the perspectives of Bloom, Adler, and Polanyi. They then link critical thinking to the concept of a general inductive approach to qualitative analysis as described by Thomas. Finally, they illustrate connections of both critical thinking and the general inductive approach to technology using NVivo screenshots.
Native Speakers as Teachers in Turkey: Non - native Pre - service English Teachers’ Reactions to a Nation - wide Project
Authors: Coşkun Abdullah
Published: March 2021

Although English is now a recognized international language and the concept of native speaker is becoming more doubtful every day, the empowerment of the native speakers of English as language teaching professionals is still continuing (McKay, 2002), especially in Asian countries like China and Japan. One of the latest examples showing the empowerment of the native English speakers comes from Turkey planning to embark on a project to hire 40.000 native English - speaking teachers (NESTs) to collaborate with the local non - native English teachers (NNESTs) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes in Turkey. This study tries to reveal the preliminary reactions of pre - service NNESTs about this project through data obtained from open - ended surveys. The content analysis of the data showed that even before the project was initiated, most of the participants objected to it. Although some of the participants favored the project as they believed that the NESTs might be more helpful for students to improve speaking skills and to increase their cultural awareness, the majority of the participants held negative attitudes towards the project mainly because of employment and pedagogical concerns.
The Messy World of Reflexivity: Qualitative Journey
Authors: Mottern Ron
Published: March 2021

Qualitative Journeys is an insightful study and guide of the messy world of reflexivity in qualitative research. The difficulties are compounded as both mentors and students struggle with this prickly issue. Qualitative Journeys opens the space within which qualitative research is done and allows the reader to tag along on reflexive treks that exemplify the often messy processes that result when students and mentors undertake the qualitative walkabout.
Choices, Responsibility , and Trade - Offs: A Review of Designing Research in the Social Sciences
Authors: Loum Constantine
Published: March 2021

The challenge of doing research in the social sciences and other disciplines is anchored in the dilemma of finding the right research design to pursue an inquiry path leading to trustworthy evidences . Designing Research in the Social Sciences ( Maggetti, Gilardi, & Radaelli , 2013) is an elucidative narrative, adding a strong voice in helping novice and seasoned researchers to redirect their thoughts and research actions into meaningful efforts to find balance (trade - offs) in research implementation. This new tome is not the usual ‘cook book’ in the research design arena, rather it focuses your mind into appreciating the craft of research; from understanding the social sciences, concepts, causal analysis and related statistical designs to the features that make the world of social research; it’s a new dawn.
Pictures from an Exhibition ... of Online Learning: A Creative Representation of Qualitative Data
Authors: Barbour Michael , Siko Jason , Simuel-Everage Kaye
Published: March 2021

K - 12 online learning at the K - 12 level has been around for approximately two decades and is continuing to grow. While researchers have researched a variety of issues related to K - 12 online learning, there has been little published on the student experience in web - based learning environments. In this article, two doctoral students were tasked with analyzing existing data, then representing and situating their findings in a format other than the traditional “results” and “discussion” sections found in a typical six - section journal manuscript. One student created an image that focused upon the tools used by the K - 12 student in her online learning. The other student created a slideshow to illustrate the challenges faced by a second K - 12 student in her online learning. While more research into the K - 12 student experience in online learning is required, this article represents one creative attempt to address this need.
Experiencing the New Orleans Sniping Forty Years Later: A Review of the Phenomenological Case Study of Constituting the Other
Authors: Dominguez Natasha
Published: March 2021

In this book review I explore the published work of Frances Chaput Waksler entitled The New Orleans Sniper: A Phenomenological Case Study of Constituting the Other. The author examines how the second New Orleans sniper was constituted and then later unconstituted, while following the recommendations of Edmund Husserl’s on exploring the how, in a known situation, the Other was constituted; how people constitute an Other in a particular situation with the use of “their general procedures and resources,” where the existence of the Other is problematic (Waksler, 2012).
Qualitative Music
Authors: Beer Laura
Published: March 2021

Qualitative research has provided a home for innovative approaches to collecting, analyzing, and representing data (Hesse - Biber & Leavy, 2006; Janesick, 2011; Ketelle, 2010). Reflexive journaling, photography and photo elicitation, poetry, video representations, dramatic enactments, visual presentations, and play - writing are but a few of the creative techniques embraced by qualitative researchers in search of ways to help their audiences move beyond reading and into experiencing the data (Collier, 2001; Deacon, 2006). These formats have opened doors to re - inventions of traditional thick, rich descriptions and provided living, intentional metaphors through which a reader can filter data via their own emotional, cognitive, spiritual, and scholarly lenses. Music, however, is one area that has been minimally used as an approach to mining and re/presenting data. This piece explores the use of music in a qualitative research project. My intention is to initiate a conversation on how music can capture both participant and researcher experiences in a way that naturally challenges words, thoughts, reactions, and assumption.
VALIDITY OF F-H PUZZLE IN PAKISTAN ECONOMY: A TIME SERIES STUDY
Authors:   Institute of Business and Technology, Masood Haris
Published: March 2021

Purpose-The objective of this paper is to examine the validity of F-H puzzle in the context of Pakistan. In this study the Feldstein-Horioko puzzle investigated in Pakistan which states that the existence of relationship between saving and investment is the indication of capital immobility. Methodology-The data of gross domestic product saving, capital formation and current account from 1980 to 2016 collected from State Bank of Pakistan, IMF outlook data base and Economic Survey of Pakistan.The ADF and PP test used to find out the stationarity of the variables. Famous Johansen cointegration used to check the long run relationship between saving and investment and between current account and investment. Findings-The results of unit root test indicate that all the variables are stationary at their first difference. The empirical results of cointegration test shows that there is no long run relation exist between saving and investment and long run relationship exist between current account and investment which does not support the findings of F-H puzzle and shows that capital is perfectly mobile in case of Pakistani economy.
MEASURING THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL DIMENSION ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ONLINE AUTOMOBILE PURCHASE IN PAKISTAN
Authors:   SZABIST, Karachi, YahyaVana Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Purpose – The main objective of this research was to examine the influence of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension i.e. Power Distance, Masculinity Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism and Pragmatism on the consumer behavior for the online automobile pre-purchase in Pakistan, an area which was selected primarily due to its recent boom both in the online and traditional channels. Online pre-purchase was studied through its underlying stages which were identified as Perceptions, Need Recognition and Information Search. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed method approach comprising both Qualitative and Quantitative techniques was adapted in order to execute this research. Initially a focus group comprising four to fiveexecutive students of SZABIST was conducted to investigate into the domain of the research, which followed the administration of a comprehensive questionnaire to four hundred students from different universities in Karachi. The scales for Cultural Dimensions were re used from previous international studies whereas scales for pre- purchase stages were developed and verified via a pilot data from the first fifty participants. Findings – The results indicated that Power Distance (PDI) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) has a significant influence on both Perceptions and Need Recognition for the Online Automobile Purchases in Pakistan suggesting that Pakistani consumers seek lack of special incentives and foresee a considerable risk during these twin pre-purchase stage of Online Automobile Purchase. However, for the stage Information Search of Online Automobiles pre-purchase, besides PDI and UAI the rest of the cultural dimensions i.e. Individualism (IND) and Pragmatism (PRA) which suggests that consumers prefer to gather information from family, peers and coworkers, whereas they are motivated to seek information via most appropriate means often compromising long old traditions or rituals. Tech Saviness also seemed to have a considerable influence in all underlying stages of the pre-purchase, suggesting only those consumers are adaptable to Online Automobiles pre-purchase which are ready to adapt new technology. Practical implications – the findings of the study provides useful managerial implications for online marketers of high involvement goods in general, and in specific to the automobiles segment. It suggests them to make provisions within their services for consumers which are high on Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Pragmatism and Individualism in order to ensure better adaptability of their services to their consumers, so as to assure their better satisfaction and thus the success of your business.
As práticas educativas desenvolvidas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem diante da Covid-19
Authors: Oliveira Edjofre Coelho , Oliveira Ana Helena Alves Costa , Almeida Victória Régia Oliveira , Nunes Ana Ignez Belém Lima
Published: March 2021

Em um cenário mundial a COVID-19 atingiu e transformou diversos setores em 2020. Uma série de problemas sociais vieram à tona, desde questões que ampliaram as desigualdades já existentes, bem como aqueles que afetaram negativamente o crescimento econômico. Dentre os principais setores que foram atingidos, a educação tem sido uma das mais afetadas. As consequências resultantes desse momento de pandemia exigem uma análise de como os docentes estão lidando com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Sendo assim, foi a partir dessa constatação que surgiu a proposta de discussão desse artigo, no qual contará com reflexões de docentes acerca da situação atual e a maneira como estão sendo ministradas as suas aulas. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar sob uma perspectiva do docente de como está sendo o processo educacional e as consequências que irão surgir nos pós-pandemia.
Promovendo desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais em crianças com direitos violados em situação de abrigo
Authors: Matos Callanda Moura , Bonfim Cinthya Leal , Cunha Nathan Silva
Published: March 2021

Esse artigo traz a discussão sobre carência de habilidades sociais no comportamento apresentado por crianças em situação de abrigo, bem como mudanças provocadas nesses comportamentos a partir de treinamentos de habilidades sociais por intermédio de atividades lúdica. O artigo vem promover a discussão acerca do favorecer o desenvolvimento das habilidades sociais e compreender a construção da individualidade de crianças que estavam em situação de abrigo em decorrência de violência e maus tratos. As intervenções ocorreram em grupos de seis crianças por meio de atividades lúdicas, realizados semanalmente com duração de 60 minutos, sendo analisados através da análise de conteúdo. Conclui-se, assim, que as crianças nessa situação de vulnerabilidade, apresentam um quadro de fragilidade física e/ou emocional, configurando a necessidade de um acolhimento, de atenção e cuidados, com o propósito de possibilitar novas formas de enfrentamento à adversidade, reposicionando-se frente ao contexto aversivo.
Imagem de lisa runnels por Pixabay.
O público e o privado de Thompson em tempos de pandemia: reflexões sobre a pesquisa DATAFOLHA
Authors: Cavalcante Edson Rodrigues
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre visibilidade e controle, tomando como referência dois autores seminais: Thompson e Foucault. O contexto para análise está em uma entrevista, conduzida pelo Instituto de Pesquisa Datafolha (2020) - com 1511 brasileiros adultos, por meio de celulares, respeitando-se a distribuição geográfica territorial – em que foi indagado o grau de conhecimento dos entrevistados sobre a pandemia do COVID-19. O objetivo é verificar o impacto das informações sobre a pandemia e seus respectivos veículos e a forma como eles se articulam em busca da credibilidade. O procedimento metodológico é analisar a pesquisa e contextualizar aos escritos de Thompson e Foucault em busca de uma visão unificada sobre qual foram os veículos que ganharam na credibilidade da notícias e aqueles que perderam. O resultado aponta uma quebra de narrativas dentro das mídias digitais (WhatsApp, Twitter, dentre outras), espaço hegemônico das Fakes News, e preponderância das mídias tradicionais.
Imagem de Gerd Altmann por Pixabay.
Individuelle Förderung bildnerischer Kompetenzen im Kunstunterricht
Authors: Mayer Stefan
Published: March 2021

In diesem Aufsatz wird das Thema der Individualisierung des Unterrichts durch individuelle Unterstützung im Kunstunterricht erörtert. Der Text enthält drei Beispiele dafür, wie sich künstlerische Aktivitäten auf Basis der individuellen Unterstützung entwickeln können. In den Beispielen wird erläutert, dass individuelle Unterstützung nicht primär ein Training der Feinmotorik ist, sondern ein Unternehmen, das nicht nur langfristiges ästhetisches Interesse wecken und fördern, sondern auch Talente entdecken und entwickeln kann.
Bild von Stefan Keller von Pixabay.
Promoção individual de habilidades visuais em aulas de arte
Authors: Mayer Stefan
Published: March 2021

Este ensaio discute a questão da individualização do ensino, por meio do apoio individual nas aulas de arte. O texto apresenta três exemplos de como atividades de arte que podem contar com esse tipo de apoio individual. Nos exemplos, discute-se como o apoio individual não é apenas um treinamento de habilidades motoras finas, mas, antes, um empreendimento que pode, não só despertar e promover o interesse estético a longo prazo, mas descobrir e desenvolver talentos.
Imagem de PublicDomainPictures por Pixabay.
Metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney
disease: An evidence-based review
Authors: Tan Felicia Clara JH , Ang Seng Bin , Bee Yong Mong
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Practice guidelines advise caution on the use of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review aims to examine the evidence for the benefits
and risks of metformin use in patients with T2DM and CKD.
Methods: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of
Controlled Trials and PubMed were searched; the references of selected papers were hand searched.
Systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case series and case-control studies were
included. The full text of selected articles was reviewed. The outcomes studied were all-cause mortality,
cardiovascular complications, lactic acidosis and worsening of renal function. Recommendations were
graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network system.
Results: A total of 139 unique articles were identified, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria and were
selected for full-text review. Four cohort studies reported an association between metformin use and
improved all-cause mortality in CKD stage 4 and better. Two cohort studies reported improved
cardiovascular outcomes with metformin use. Four cohort studies, 1 case series and 1 case-control
study reported no significant association between metformin use and an increased risk of lactic acidosis
in CKD. There is a moderate level of evidence to support reduced mortality, improved cardiovascular
outcomes and a low risk of lactic acidosis with metformin use in patients with T2DM and with CKD
stage 4 and above.
Conclusion: Existing recommendations to restrict metformin use in diabetes patients with CKD need
to be reviewed in light of emerging evidence supporting its overall benefits in these patients.

Keywords: Chronic renal insufficiency, metformin, type 2 diabetes mellitus
The Effect of Work Discipline and Work Motivation on the Performance of Medical Personnel
Authors:   Binakarya College of Economics, Siahaan Rumiris
Published: March 2021

The results of this study indicate. (1) It can be seen that the amount of the adjusted R square value is 0.632 or 63.2%. This shows that the Work Discipline Variable (X1) and the Work Motivation Variable (X2) can explain the Medical Personnel Performance Variable (Y) of 63.2 %, the remaining 36.8% (100% - 63.2%) is explained by other variables outside this research model. (2) The results of the t test (partial) show that t count (8,211)> t table (1.685), as well as the significance value of 0.00 <0.05, it can be concluded that the first hypothesis is accepted, meaning that the variable of work discipline (X1 ) has a significant effect on the Medical Personnel Performance Variable (Y). (3) The results of the t test (partial) can be seen that tcount (-1.298)>ttable (1.685), and the significance value is 0.202> 0.05, it can be concluded that the second hypothesis is rejected, meaning that the Work Motivation Variable (X2) has no significant effect on Medical Personnel Performance Variable (Y). (4) The results of the simultaneous test (F) show that the Ftable value is 3.22. From the description, it can be seen that Fcount (34.461)> Ftable (3.25), and a significance value of 0.00 <0.05, it can be concluded The third hypothesis is accepted, meaning that the Work Discipline Variable (X1), Work Motivation Variable (X2) have a significant effect simultaneously (simultaneously) on the Performance Variable of Medical Personnel (Y).
Exploring the Assessment Model of Corporate Ethics Influencing Organizational Performance
Authors: Lee Cheng-Wen , Chang Chin Kun
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the appropriate assessment model for examining the relationship between corporate ethics and organizational performance. First, this study discusses the level of ethical cognition of employees, and then, discusses whether corporate ethics whatever internal and external factors are related to organizational performance. Also, this paper states the ethics of employees from the aspects of laws and regulations, employee’s interests, organizational mission, and so on. Company’s ability of implementing corporate ethics is also an important factor of affecting the practitioner’s cognition concerning about corporate ethics and further manipulating organizational business performance. Those companies with belief in doing good corporate ethics have created better organizational performance. The result findings of this study can benefit both academic researchers and practitioners gain new insights in quantifying organizational performance by focusing on the perspective of corporate ethics.

JEL classification numbers: J53, L21, M10.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Business Ethics, Organizational Performance.
Effects of thoracic spine manipulation on pressure pain sensitivity of rhomboid muscle active trigger points: a randomized control trial
Authors: Bibi Haleema  , Huma Riaz
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: The objective of study was to determine the effects of thoracic spine manipulation on interscapular pain and pain pressure sensitivity, thoracic mobility and disability due to active myofascial trigger points in rhomboid muscle.
Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted at Women Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences Abbottabad, from July to December 2019.Ethical permission was taken fromResearch ethical committee of Riphah international university Islamabad. Participants were selected through non-probability purposive sampling technique as per inclusion criteria. It consisted of 60 participants with forward head posture having active trigger points in rhomboid muscle, with age ranging from 18 to 30 years. The participants were randomly allocated through sealed envelope method into two groups that are experimental and control. Experimental group has received thoracic manipulation along with conventional physical therapy (CPT) whereas control group has only received CPT including manual pressure release and therapeutic exercise. Intervention was applied with 2 sessions / week with 3 weeks in total. Pre and Post assessment was done with outcome measurement tools comprised of Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) for pain severity, Algometry for pain pressure threshold(PPT), Inclinometer for Range of movement(ROM) and Neck disability index (NDI) for associated disability. Data analysis was done using SPSS-20 version.
Results: Between group analysis has shown significant improvement of pain & pain pressure sensitivity with p value <0.01 and <0.05 respectively. All outcome measures have shown significant difference in pre post treatment (p<.000) in both groups.
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Demographic variation and risk factors regarding breast cancer among female in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Waheed , Firasat Sabika , Akhtar Muhammad Sohail , Afshan Kiran , Jabeen Kaukab , Amjad Rubina Ali
Published: March 2021

Objective: Breast cancer is a second major cause of female death worldwide. This study aimed to explore epidemiology, clinical profiles and contribution of reproductive and non-reproductive risk factors in breast cancer development among females from South Punjab, Pakistan.
Methods: Data was collected through hospitals between October 2017 and March 2018 and study got approval by Bioethical Committee of Quaid-i-Azam University in September, 2017. A total of 163 cases and 163 age-matched controls were recruited through non-probability consecutive sampling method. All histologically confirmed patients irrespective of age, family history, clinical presentation and histopathological type were included in the study as cases. Patients, who were not willing to participate were excluded from the study.
Details regarding socio-demographic characteristics, family history of cancer, reproductive health and lifestyle factors were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer by menstrual and reproductive factors after adjustment of potential confounders. Conditional logistic regression was also applied for various demographic and medical risk factors/exposures.
Results: We found positive family history and hypertension significantly linked to an increased breast cancer risk (adjusted O.R >1.5, 95% CI, P<0.05) whereas, intense physical activity, increased anthropometric measurements and breastfeeding per child in months were inversely associated with breast cancer risk (adjusted O.R <1.0, 95% CI, P<0.05) in our study cohort.
Conclusion: Our study reaffirms contribution of established risk factors for breast cancer, highlights protective factors and necessitates awareness/screening programs to reduce breast cancer burden in upcoming generations.
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Establishing dental recall interval for Pakistani children: a longitudinal study
Authors: Muhammad Taqi  , Jaffar Abbas Zaidi  , Hafeez Shaikh  , Adnan Sukkurwalla
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to determine the caries increment rate in children of 12 years of age after 6, 12 and18 months to establish appropriate dental recall interval.
Subjects and Methods: Prospective longitudinal study of 18 months duration was conducted from May 2016 to October 2017 in the Bhakkar city of Punjab, Pakistan. School children of 12-years-old were selected in this study using convenience sampling. The caries progression rate was measured using Modified Beck’s method or adjusted caries increment. Descriptive analysis was conducted to estimate the response rate at baseline and at each follow-up, to estimate the number of children who attended the examinations, mean DMFT/DMFS scores and mean caries increments. Repeated measure ANOVA with post hoc test using Bonferroni correction was used to compare baseline mean caries increment with caries increment on 6, 12 and 18 months.
Results: In the last follow-up, 183 children were present, giving a response rate of 81%. Significantly high caries increment among cavitated lesions was observed at 6 months (0.49±1.45, p=0.0001), 12 months (0.66±2.35, p=0.0001), and 18 months (0.86±2.39, p=0.0001) when compared with baseline caries increment.
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Abdominal vascular injuries- what general/ trauma surgeons should know
Authors: Zia Ur Rehman
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Abdominal vascular injuries are the common cause of death after abdominal trauma. These are challenging injuries to manage due to severe haemodynamic instability, associated injuries and difficulty in accessing and controlling these vessels. Early control of bleeding can decrease the mortality in these patients. Abdominal vasculature is divided in four zones and each zone need different operative strategy for exposure. Principles of proximal and distal control are followed before exploring any haematoma. Endovascular interventions (angioembolization, stent-graft) have shown improved outcomes in patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta is minimal invasive method of achieving aortic occlusion and acts as bridge for definitive intervention or surgery. Updated knowledge is necessary for all those directly involved in managing these patients. The current review discusses relevant anatomy, principles, different surgical approaches and endovascular techniques to deal these injuries.
Keywords: Abdominal trauma; injury; aorta; inferior vena cava.
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Maxillofacial prosthodontists are needed for the rehabilitation of patients with congenital and acquired craniofacial defects
Authors: Syed Murtaza Raza Kazmi  , Khan Farhan Raza
Published: March 2021

Maxillofacial Prosthodontics (MFP) is a super-specialty of prosthodontics that involves around rehabilitation of patients presenting with congenital maxillofacial defects or craniofacial disabilities acquired due to disease such as cancer or trauma. (1) There are several types of prostheses that can be designed and fabricated by a maxillofacial prosthesis to improve the quality of life of patients. A simple classification is shown in figure 1.
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Prognostic significance of ischemic electrocardiographic changes during stress testing in patients with normal nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Ghufran Adnan  , Fateh ALi Tipoo Sultan  , Umaira Alauddin  , Maria Ali Khan
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular outcome in patients with normal nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging but ischemic ECG changes during pharmacological or exercise stress test.
Methods: In this retrospective study, we included a cohort of patients who underwent either pharmacological or exercise stress MPS and have a normal scan with ischemic EKG changes at Aga Khan University Hospital, from January 2013 to December 2014. All cardiac events including angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, coronary revascularization and cardiac death as well as non-cardiac death were determined for the whole follow up period.
Results: Among 2770 eligible patients, 296 patients (10.6%) developed ischemic EKG changes during stress test but myocardial perfusion scan was normal. Out of 296 patients 181(61%) were male and mean age was 61.98 + 15 years. We were able to follow 280 patients (94.5%). During a mean follow-up of 4 years + 7 months, 8 patients (2.8 %) died, of which only one patient (0.3%) died due to cardiac cause. Angina occurred in 25patients (8.9%), myocardial infarction in 2 patients (0.7%) and one patient hospitalized with heart failure (0.3%). We performed coronary angiography of 16 patients (5.7%), of which nine underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was done in three patients.
Conclusion: The ischemic electrocardiographic changes during stress testing in patients with normal MPI are not associated with poor out come and the risk of cardiovascular events is relatively low for an intermediate follow up period.
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Traders Perception and Awareness on Financial Derivatives in Indian Stock Market
Authors: N. Selvaraj Dr.
Published: March 2021

The Government of India has introduced Economic Policy in 1991 to implement structural reforms for reduce the imbalances. In India, Traders want maximum gain with minimum risk, so is the case with derivatives. Derivatives are among the forefront of the innovations in the financial markets and aim to increase returns and reduce risk. A derivative is a financial product which has been derived from another financial product or commodity. The derivatives do not have independent existence without underlying product and market. Derivatives are contracts which are written between two parties for easily marketable assets. Derivatives are gaining importance due to increased volatility in capital and foreign currency markets. RBI finds ways for healthy development of market and takes steps to popularise the use of derivative instruments, but still awareness about the derivative instruments and its uses are quite low. Hence, it is necessary to find out the level of awareness among investing public and if found low, how to create adequate awareness to encourage the use of derivative products as hedge tools. This study can be used by the regulating authorities and broker houses to increase awareness among the traders about derivatives. One should invest in secured and risk-free investments rather than high-risk, highly profitable investments. Tracking the market environment better with sound knowledge about a particular stock would result in better returns. Since many of the entities in this study are independent of each other, there is need to analyse on a buying decision specifically for respective stocks. People with less experience can also be high profit makers when decisions are based on intricate fundamental and technical analyses.
Defter-Beyan Sistemi: Açık Kaynak Temelli Geliştirilen Büyük Ölçekli Bir Kamu Projesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Yasin , ARIK İsmail , AKSAKALLI Kürşat
Published: March 2021

Açık kaynak ve özgür yazılımın yüksek standartları dünya çapında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktayken ülkemizde yükseliş trendi biraz daha geriden gelmektedir. Buna rağmen kamuda da kullanımı yaygınlaşmakta, iyi örnekler her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı tarafından hizmete sunulan Defter-Beyan Sistemi’nin açık kaynak kapsamı iyi bir mühendislik örneği olarak anlatılmaktadır. Yalnızca geliştirme sırasında kullanılan bileşenler değil, sistemin hayata geçirilmesinden sonra sağlık taraması ve izleme amaçlı kullanılan araçlar ile ilgili bilgilendirmelere de yer verilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar gösteriyor ki, tamamen açık kaynak ile geliştirilmiş ve sürdürülen bir kamu projesi doğru mühendislik uygulamaları ile birleştiğinde ticari herhangi bir alternatifine ihtiyaç duymadan sürdürülebilmektedir.
Professor John Pollard: Half-Century of Australian Neurology
Authors: Tam Johnny , Holm-Mercer Leah ,   Oxford University Hospitals
Published: March 2021

With a career in medicine and academia spanning over five decades, Professor John Pollard has devoted much of his life to the development of Australian neurology. His fascinating career has been punctuated with numerous achievements, particularly in the field of inflammatory neuropathies. Now at the age of 79, he continues to work as an active Consultant Neurologist and Co-Director at Sydney’s Brain and Mind Centre, seeing and treating patients. In May 2019 we caught up with Professor Pollard after a busy afternoon list of clinic.
John Russell Reynolds
Authors:   Hull Royal Infirmary, Pearce JMS
Published: March 2021

When neurology began to develop as a specialty, Russell Reynolds was one of the first neurologists appointed to the Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic, Queen Square. Of many contributions his work on epilepsy was influential, espousing many new concepts. He followed and developed Hughlings Jackson’s original ideas about positive and negative neurological symptoms. His approach to patients was holistic at a time when more objectively defined notions of illness dominated medicine. He wrote on vertigo, and about criminal lunacy, and his book The Diagnosis of Diseases of the Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves and their appendages was a major text of the period. Well versed in poetry, philosophy, art, and music, he was widely admired. He became President of the Royal College of Physicians.
Preparación para presentar el Examen General para el Egreso de la Licenciatura en Química Clínica (EGEL- QUICLI)
Authors: Enciso Martínez Yessica , Valencia Rivera Dora Edith , De la Rosa López Rafael
Published: March 2021

Este libro ofrece la información más importante que se requiere para presentar el Examen General para el Egreso de la Licenciatura en Química Clínica (EGEL-QUICLI). En él se abordan de manera breve y concisa los temas de bioquímica clínica, control de calidad, principales técnicas y métodos del laboratorio clínico, hematología, microbiología médica y las principales normas oficiales mexicanas relacionadas con el área de química clínica.
Bacteriología médica experimental
Authors: Navarro Navarro Moisés , Castillón Campaña Lucia Guadalupe , Ramos Enríquez José Rogelio , Álvarez Aínza Maritza Lizeth
Published: March 2021

Este libro detalla los procedimientos más comunes que se realizan en el laboratorio de bacteriología médica. También explica la importancia e impacto clínico de cada procedimiento. Para programas educativos en el área de las Ciencias de la Salud.
Manual del servicio social comunitario para el médico
Authors: Reguera Torres María Elena
Published: March 2021

El presente Manual para el Servicio Social Médico, intenta contribuir a subsanar las limitaciones presentes en las tareas cotidianas que realizan los médicos pasantes, en las localidades rurales. En relación con el manejo y seguimiento de los padecimientos más frecuentes de atención médica, es decir, las que se brindan todos los días, como diabetes tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, control prenatal, enfermedad diarréica e infección respiratoria aguda. Si bien a las instituciones de educación superior les corresponde examinar la parte académica, la tarea suele extenderse en forma eventual a asesorar en el mejor manejo del llenado de formatos, tarjeteros y demás documentos institucionales, tarea que, por cierto, corresponde a la dependencia de salud donde se presta el servicio social. El Manual toma en cuenta programas, protocolos, lineamientos o normatividad institucionales, toda vez que está en su interés fortalecer la atención médica en beneficio de los pacientes y de la población en general. No está dirigido al llenado de formatos sino a obtener resultados en los pacientes en lo individual y lo colectivo. Deseamos que el Manual resulte una herramienta útil y práctica.
Recent results of irrigation water analysis located mainly in the south-eastern part of Hungary
Authors: Pető Judit , Hüvely Attila , Mirosavljević Krunoslav , Cserni Imre
Published: March 2021

Irrigationwater sources with inadequate quality and contamination havenegative impactson cultivationand environment as well. In our study we emphasize that the quality of ground waters should be controlled and regularly monitored.We compared our results with our former studies. We showed that our present results – with some minor exceptions – are in accordance with former statements regarding concentration of the main chemical components and physical characteristics of the irrigation ground waters, derived from different depths and located mainly in the south-eastern part of Hungary.
Effects of phosphite foliar fertilizers on the nutritional value of protected tomato
Authors: Tóthné Taskovics Zsuzsanna , Kovács András , Palkovics András , Japundžić-Palenkić Božica
Published: March 2021

Protected crops is the most intensive sectionof vegetable cultivation. The aim of horticulturists is to realize higher crop yield along with producingvegetablesfor healthy alimentation. There are several ways to achieving this viasustainable plant nutrition.Tomato represents a huge part in the vegetable consumptionhaving important role in human healthpreservation e.g. due to its high vitamin C content. Therefore an enhancedvitamin C content is of high value infunctional foodproduction.Our research was focused onpossible ways toincreasing vitamin C content inprotected tomato byphosphite foliar fertilizer applicationin a small air spaced shelter. Results indicate elevated vitamin C and Ca content in some circumstances, however the small air spaced shelter proved to be incompatible for this purpose.
Effect of environmental factors on capsaicinoid content of spice pepper cultivars
Authors: Tóth Horgosi Péter , Benković-Lačić Teuta
Published: March 2021

In 2018, the weather at the time of sowing and planting was relatively favorable for peppers. Fluctuating temperatures and heavy rainfall, in turn, made the second half of the growing season difficult.The capsaicinoid content of the three studied cultivars shows how well these cultivars perform even under such changing weather conditions.
Comparison of thrips sensitivity of three commercial chrysanthemum cultivars
Authors: Kelemen Tímea , Ágoston János
Published: March 2021

Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis)and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci)are very important pests of vegetables and ornamentals grown under protected conditions. Both are vectors of several Orthotospovirusspecies. We wanted to know if these insects have a host preference and a gradation period, so we contacted a cut chrysanthemum grower in south Bács-Kiskun county if he would allow us to followupthe occurrence of these thrips species in his nursery. We carried out our trial from 2015 to 2019 on 3 cultivars. These cultivars are popular cut flowers in Hungary and are grown successfully by many growers. Basedon our results we were able to answer both questions.
Trust or do not trust: evaluation strategies used by online health information consumers in South East Asia
Authors:   University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Inthiran Anushia
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Health information searching is a popular activity conducted on the Internet. However, the focus of past research studies has been on health consumers from the western world. Thus, there is a gap of information pertaining to online health information searching behaviour from the South East Asian region. In this study, trust evaluation strategies used by South East Asian health consumers are described. Method. A grounded theory approach was used. A total of eighty participants were interviewed. Analysis. Interviews were analysed using qualitative analysis methods. Open coding and thematic analysis methods were employed. Results. Results indicate most participants evaluate information for trustworthiness. The most popular technique used is evaluating the quality of the source. In addition, South East Asian health consumers place high trust value on information based on personal experiences. Conclusions. This research study extends current understanding of trustworthiness evaluations and points to the need for education and training mechanisms to be in place.
Creating by me, and for me: investigating the use of information creation in everyday life
Authors:   School of Information Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA, Lee Lo , Ocepek Melissa ,   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in the School of Information Sciences, USA, Makri Stephann ,   Human-Information Interaction, University of London, UK
Published: March 2021

Introduction. We investigate the use of information creation in everyday life, where individuals carry out various commonplace work. While there have been an increasing number of studies on information creation, little research exists on discussing its function and relationship to navigating life activities. Method. To identify the ways information creation facilitates information tasks in the everyday world, we conducted two qualitative studies, each reflecting a particular aspect of our daily lives. We held semi-structured interviews and think-aloud observation in physical grocery stores and on the Pinterest website. A total of twenty-eight participants (eighteen grocery shoppers and ten arts and crafts hobbyists) were recruited for the two studies. Analysis. Transcribed interview data and field notes were analysed inductively. We assigned and refined a series of codes iteratively to identify themes. Results. Findings highlight a variety of circumstances in which participants made use of information creation as an end product to support their ordinary actions (in this case, grocery shopping and idea collecting, respectively). Conclusions. This study gives an in-depth analysis of information creation, underlining its potential functions in efficiently and engagingly aiding the accomplishment of routine activities. We demonstrate the practical and affective value associated with information creation, expanding this concept in information behaviour research.
Changing Patterns of Female Work Participation in Rural and Urban India
Authors: . UMA
Published: March 2021

Female are an integral part of the overall development of any economy. Their contribution remained immense in different stages of economic development. The contribution which they make is measured only when they are actively participating in economic activities. In India, the greatest problem that the country is experiencing is that female is either exiting from the work or shifting to the newer areas of work. The basic reason is that they want to be engaged in paid jobs. After the period of economic reform inclination of female towards the paid job is faster than the earlier period. This preference is not only in urban areas but in rural areas as well. The main purpose is to improve the living standard of not only of self but enhance the overall family income to have the better living condition. Today’s women are busy exploring new areas of work. They are trying to improve their qualification and working hard towards skilling themselves. But in the midst of all these efforts from their side, there are many constraints which are proving as a hurdle in their work participation. These bottlenecks need to be removed to provide them with better opportunities so that they can enhance their abilities to adapt themselves with the changes in the internal as well as external environment.

The status of women in India has been subject to many great changes over the past few decades. The objective of my paper is: to know the pattern of female work participation in rural and urban India; to examine the areas from where they are exiting; to know the areas where they are shifting; what needs to be done to stop their exit from the work and how to provide them with work preferences so that their potentialities can be utilized for the overall growth and development of the economy.