bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tristetraproline in breast cancer: treat or trick?
Authors: Serhii Kropyvko , Anastasiia Hubiernatorova , Oksana Mankovska , Liubov Syvak , Nataliia Verovkina , Sergii Lyalkin , Kyrylo Lavrynenko , Iryna Ivasechko , Rostyslav Stoika , Alla Rynditch
Published: May 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. It is very heterogeneous, hence still complicated to diagnose despite of decades of research. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is crucial for modulation of cell networking and is performed via different regulatory molecules. Tristetraproline (TTP) is RNA-binding protein which binds to AU-rich elements within its target mRNAs and negatively regulates multiple transcripts, including pro-inflammatory and pro-oncogenic. Its expression level correlates with patient outcomes in different types of cancer and is considered as a potential molecular marker. Here we examined TTPs expression level in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Our findings show that TTP expression is significantly higher in HER2-enriched breast cancer compared to other types and adjacent tissues. We also investigated changes in the TTPs methylation status under temozolomide and doxorubicin treatment in MCF-7 cell line and found that temozolomide decreased TTPs methylation, which can potentially improve patient prognosis. In contrast, another well-known anticancer agent, doxorubicin, promoted TTPs methylation, which may impair an expected therapeutic effect of this drug.
Rates and spectra of de novo structural mutation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: López-Cortegano Eugenio , Craig Rory J. , Chebib Jobran , Balogun Eniolaye J. , Keightley Peter D.
Published: May 2022

Genetic variation originates from several types of spontaneous mutation, including single nucleotide substitutions, short insertions and deletions (INDELs), and larger structural changes. Structural mutations (SMs) drive genome evolution and are thought to play major roles in evolutionary adaptation, speciation and genetic disease, including cancers. Sequencing of mutation accumulation (MA) lines has provided estimates of rates and spectra of single nucleotide and INDEL mutations in many species, yet the rate of new SMs is largely unknown. Here, we use long-read sequencing to determine the full mutation spectrum in MA lines derived from two strains (CC-1952 and CC-2931) of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The SM rate is highly variable between strains and MA lines, and SMs represent a substantial proportion of all mutations in both strains (CC-1952 6%; CC-2931 12%). The SM spectra also differs considerably between the two strains, with almost all inversions and translocations occurring in CC-2931 MA lines. This variation is associated with heterogeneity in the number and type of active transposable elements (TEs), which comprise major proportions of SMs in both strains (CC-1952 22% and CC-2931 38% of SMs). In CC-2931, a Crypton and a previously undescribed type of DNA element caused 71% of chromosomal rearrangements, while in CC-1952 a Dualen LINE was associated with 87% of duplications. Other SMs, notably many large duplications in CC-2931, were likely products of various double-strand break repair pathways. Our results demonstrate that diverse types of SMs occur at substantial rates and support prominent roles for SMs and TEs in evolution.
DocumentingBombus nevadensisin Minnesota, with some notes on discerning it fromB. auricomus(Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Portman Zachary M. , Dolan Chan
Published: May 2022

In the face of well-documented declines in multiple bumblebee species, it is important to accurately identify species and properly delineate species ranges. Here, we document the range ofBombus auricomus(Robertson) andB. nevadensisCresson in Minnesota, with particular reference to the unexpected discovery ofB. nevadensisin St. Paul. We clarify the relative ranges of these two species and provide additional information on how to reliably identify them in Minnesota using color patterns and morphology, including differences in male genitalia. Our results support the consensus thatB. auricomusandB. nevadensisare distinct species. Community science records were integral to fully documenting the range ofB. nevadensisin Minnesota. Our findings demonstrate the value of community science data, though it highlights the need for experts to check the data and to be mindful of biases in observations around population centers.
In vivo selection reveals long non-coding RNAs implicated in colon to liver metastasis
Authors: Soroosh Artin , Padua David M. , Videlock Elizabeth , Bui Diane , Patel Ami , Pothoulakis Charalabos , Rankin Carl Robert
Published: May 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in both American men and women. Most of the deaths attributed to CRC are a result of metastatic spread to the liver. In this study, colon cancer cells that highly metastasized to liver in vivo were compared to less metastatic parental cells to investigate the role for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in CRC metastasis. The highly metastatic daughter cells (LS-3B) were found to be 63-fold more metastatic than the parental cell line (LS-PAR) in vivo. A lncRNA microarray comparing LS-PAR and LS-3B cells revealed that 104 lncRNAs had fold changes > 2.0 and an FDR < 0.05. Real time PCR mediated validation revealed many lncRNAs exhibited high fold changes such as a 60-fold increase in LOC101448202, a 20-fold increase in MRPL23-AS1 and 50-fold decreases in GNAS-AS1 and LOC101928131. In vivo metastasis differences could be recapitulated in vitro as LS-3B cells closed wounds faster than their parental LS-PAR cells. However, intestinal epithelial cancer cells with robust downregulation of MRPL23-AS1, C1QTNF1-AS1, GNAS-AS1, LINCR-0002 and LOC101448202 failed to display differences in comparison to controls in in vitro migration assays. Three of the five lncRNAs with microarray probes for currently available GEO-datasets were significantly altered in liver CRC-associated tumor biopsies as compared to the primary tumor of non-metastatic CRC. Further studies on the lncRNAs identified will better define their roles in metastasis and how they might be useful if targeted therapeutically.
Finding meaning in our everyday moments: testing a novel intervention to increase employee well-being
Authors: Nichols Austin Lee , Klussman Kristine , Langer Julia
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The benefits of meaning in the workplace are abundant. However, few opportunities exist to increase meaning among employees in ways that result in desired organizational impacts. The current study developed two new mindfulness-based interventions designed to ultimately increase both job and life satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Over five days, 67 participants either: (1) Reported their daily activities, (2) Additionally rated the meaningfulness of each hour, or (3) Additionally planned to increase the meaning of the least meaningful activities. At the beginning and end of the week, they also reported their job satisfaction and life satisfaction.

Findings

Results suggested that listing daily activities and rating the meaningfulness of each hour was most beneficial. Compared to only listing daily activities, this group experienced greater job and life satisfaction. In contrast, the group that additionally attempted to increase the meaningfulness of their daily activities did not perform better on either of these measures.

Practical implications

Spending only a few minutes focusing on recognizing the meaning in one's daily activities can improve one's job and life satisfaction. As such, organizations may consider encouraging engagement in such a task either at the end of the workday or at home. Doing so may result in an increase in both how satisfied they are at home and at work.

Originality/value

This provides initial evidence for a short intervention that may greatly increase the well-being of employees at work and home.
Curvilinear effect of economic policy uncertainty on innovation in Chinese manufacturing firms: do managerial pay gaps matter?
Authors: Zhong Xi , Chen Weihong , Ren Ge
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to re-examine the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on firm innovation. Studies on how EPU affects firm innovation have been inconclusive. The authors clarified the curvilinear relationship between EPU and firm innovation and examined the moderating effects of managerial pay gaps, specifically vertical pay disparity and horizontal pay dispersion.

Design/methodology/approach

This study’s analyses used data collected from Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2019.

Findings

The authors found an inverted U-shaped relationship between EPU and firm innovation. Furthermore, vertical pay disparity strengthens the curvilinear relationship, while horizontal pay dispersion weakens it.

Practical implications

First, politicians should avoid adjusting economic policies too frequently because the high EPU levels created by frequent adjustments can inhibit business innovation. Second, firms should be aware that EPU creates opportunities for leapfrogging. In particular, firms can incentivize executives to take advantage of the valuable growth opportunities presented by EPU by widening vertical pay disparities and avoiding excessive horizontal pay dispersion.

Originality/value

First, the authors analyze not only the positive effects of lower EPU on firm innovation but also the negative impacts of higher EPU to examine EPU’s “double-edged sword” effect on firm innovation. Second, the investigation of vertical pay disparity and horizontal pay dispersion as moderating variables sheds new light on the equivocal research findings regarding the EPU–firm innovation relationship and clarifies the boundary conditions of the double-edged sword effect of EPU on firm innovation.
How posting in social networks affects employee-based brand equity
Authors: Hesse Andreas , Schmidt Holger J. , Bosslet Ronja , Häusler Mariella , Schneider Aileen
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Though employees are important stakeholders of a brand, their role in building brand equity has long been neglected. This study aims to deepen the understanding of employees’ brand co-creation efforts and their contribution to employee-based brand equity (EBBE).

Design/methodology/approach

The study analyses implicit and explicit communication activities by employees on the social media network LinkedIn and quantifies the contribution of their posts to EBBE. Data has been gathered from more than 1,300 posts and 130 private accounts, representing different employee groups of five corporate brands.

Findings

The investigation illustrates the high importance of brand co-creation in social networks by employees and helps practitioners to better understand the underlying processes.

Research limitations/implications

Case-study research has limitations of generalisability. However, the authors unveil important limits to exploiting the autonomy of employees’ word-of-mouth communication.

Practical implications

Under a co-creative perspective, every social media activity of an employee can be a positive contribution to a brand’s equity. Therefore, companies should closely monitor EBBE.

Originality/value

The authors draw on basic conceptual insights and empirical work by other researchers but extend and interpret them in a new context. The study provides initial indications of key antecedents of and barriers to successful management of employees’ brand co-creation activities.
Prosumption through advergames: leveraging on advergame format and reward elements to create a sacred brand
Authors: Sarkar Juhi Gahlot , Sarkar Abhigyan , S. Sreejesh
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine how brands can leverage on advergames as an interactive marketing tool to foster prosumer culture and build a sacred brand. Drawing from game theory, this research scrutinizes how advergame format (cooperative vs noncooperative) influences consumers’ perceived brand sacredness by harnessing positive brand relationship quality (BRQ) and intention to prosume. It also examines how reward types moderate the relationship between advergame format and advergamers’ BRQ.

Design/methodology/approach

Three different studies were conducted. Study 1 develops a measure to capture advergamers’ intention to prosume. Study 2 uses survey to collect data from brand-controlled gaming community platform. Study 3 is an experiment that uses 2 (game format: cooperative vs noncooperative) × 2 (reward type: hedonic vs utilitarian) between-subject format.

Findings

Study 1 provides a reliable and valid measure to capture “intention to prosume.” The results of Study 2 elucidate that (non) cooperative advergame format generates strong cold (hot) BRQ, leading to intention to prosume, which, in turn, drives brand sacredness. The results of Study 3 elucidate that using (utilitarian) hedonic rewards strengthens the impact of (non) cooperative advergame format on (cold) hot BRQ.

Research limitations/implications

This research has examined the roles of cooperative vs noncooperative game design formats and hedonic vs utilitarian reward formats. Future research may focus on other possible advergame design formats and reward types.

Practical implications

This research provides insights to advergame marketers toward designing appropriate hedonic or utilitarian game rewards to strengthen the impact of cooperative vs noncooperative advergame format on brand sacredness through enhancing BRQ and intention to prosume among the target advergamers.

Originality/value

This research applies game theory in the advergaming context to manoeuvre game format and rewards so that a sustainable prosumption culture is built, which has strong beliefs about the sacredness of the brand.
Analysis of student attitudes towards cooperative learning in a collectivist culture: a case of South Korea
Authors: Tinmaz Hasan , Ozturk Yunus Emre
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study concentrates on South Korean university students' attitude towards cooperative learning by utilizing the “Student Attitudes toward Group Environments” survey (n = 427–181 female and 246 male) originally developed by Kouros and Abrami (2006).

Design/methodology/approach

The purpose of this study is to unfold what factors affect the cooperative learning environment in the Higher Education context of South Korea, which is known as a collectivist society, and conduct comparative analysis on gender, department type, GPA level and school year as variables in the perception of cooperative learning. The factor analysis findings demonstrated that there are four factors influencing students' attitude about cooperative learning environments in South Korean higher education; “frustrations with group members”, “peer support”, “fairness” and “quality of product and process”. Moreover, the gender, type of department, school year and GPA variables were yielded statistically differentiating results.

Findings

The overall results showed that effective cooperative learning strategies depend on the type of culture and other demographic variables including learner's gender, department type and school year. In South Korea, known to have a collectivist culture, fairness has appeared as a new criteria needing to be considered when designing a cooperative learning environment, which is a different case than in individualistic cultures. Thus, when employing cooperative learning strategies in South Korea, educators should take learners' culture into consideration. For this, educators might utilize the final instrument of this study as a guideline or criteria to establish an effective cooperative learning environment.

Originality/value

This article provides an example from South Korea which is known as both a collectivist and high-tech country.
How managers' cognitive frames affect the use of process improvement approaches in new product development
Authors: Al Hasan Rima , Micheli Pietro
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Despite the numerous implementations of process improvement approaches (PIAs) in new product development (NPD), the espoused benefits of PIAs are rarely realized in practice. This paper explores how managers' cognitive frames provide knowledge structures that affect the use of PIAs in the development of new products.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative multiple case study method was used to elaborate theory in relation to the use of PIAs in NPD. Four large multinational companies were selected. Interviews with informants from different functional specialisms were conducted, and internal and online documents were collected and analyzed.

Findings

Two main findings emerge. First, the authors identify three types of managers' cognitive frames: conflicting, paradoxical, and supporting. Second, these cognitive frames are found to influence managers' decisions over whether to promote, adapt or prevent the implementation of PIAs, sometimes in contrast with the managers' organization’s strategic intent.

Practical implications

This paper generates insights into the importance of managerial decision-making in determining the scope and depth of implementation of PIAs in NPD.

Originality/value

This study helps explain conflicting findings in the literature regarding the implementation and effects of PIAs in NPD by identifying managers' cognitive frames as a key factor. Moreover, the paper highlights managers' roles in shaping an organization's approach for managing contradictory goals and shows how an organizational frame may conflict and sometimes be displaced by individual managers' cognitive frames.
Does economic freedom fosters Islamic rural banks efficiency? Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Masrizal  , Sukmana Raditya , Fianto Bayu Arie , Gultom Rifyal Zuhdi
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the relationship between economic freedom and Islamic rural banks' efficiency in the case of Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

The study covers 40 Islamic rural banks in 34 Indonesian regions from 2014 to 2020. Tobit regression is utilized to expose the impact of economic freedom on the efficiency of Islamic rural banks, and nonparametric frontier data envelopment analysis is used to acquire banks' technical efficiency.

Findings

The findings reveal that overall economic freedom has a strong favorable impact on the efficiency of Islamic rural banks. The study’s breakdown components suggest that business freedom, government spending and investment freedom are favorable indicators, whereas government integrity and tax burden are negative indicators, and all indicators agree with previous studies.

Practical implications

This research can serve as a guideline for Islamic rural bank management in terms of maintaining financial efficiency. The government should think about the ramifications of financial sector liberalization and reforms, according to these findings. When financial intermediaries operate in a less constrained environment, they are more likely to pursue competitive practices that increase their operating rate and other efficiency metrics. Finally, academics might utilize this information to investigate the economic flexibility of Islamic rural banks.

Originality/value

The novelty of this study is in using data envelopment analysis and Tobit regression to identify economic freedom and Islamic rural banks' efficiency. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the study of the role of economic freedom in Islamic rural bank's efficiency is limited, particularly in the context of Indonesia.
Decomposing wage differences in Brazilian regions: a revised insight about traditional discrimination
Authors: Faustino Izabel , Maia Katy , Gomes Magno Rogerio , Mourao Paulo , Araujo Elisangela
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This paper analyzes the issue of wage differentials and gender discrimination in the Brazilian labor market.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is based on the log-linear equation model by Mincer (1974) and the decomposition method by Oaxaca (1973) and Blinder (1973) and was estimated using data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD).

Findings

The main results indicate that there was a reduction in wage differentials and gender discrimination in the majority of regions in Brazil for white workers when comparing the available years. However, for non-white workers, the degree of discrimination increased in Brazil, especially in the central-west and southeast regions. Overall, wage decompositions have suggested that women suffer from wage discrimination.

Originality/value

This is the first paper detailing wage discrimination across the different Brazilian regions and also controlling for usual dimensions like gender and race.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-09-2021-0569.
What social media sentiment tells us about why customers churn
Authors: Lappeman James , Franco Michaela , Warner Victoria , Sierra-Rubia Lara
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the factors that influence South African customers to potentially switch from one bank to another. Instead of using established models and survey techniques, the research measured social media sentiment to measure threats to switch.

Design/methodology/approach

The research involved a 12-month analysis of social media sentiment, specifically customer threats to switch banks (churn). These threats were then analysed for co-occurring themes to provide data on the reasons customers were making these threats. The study used over 1.7 million social media posts and focused on all five major South African retail banks (essentially the entire sector).

Findings

This study concluded that seven factors are most significant in understanding the underlying causes of churn. These are turnaround time, accusations of unethical behaviour, billing or payments, telephonic interactions, branches or stores, fraud or scams and unresponsiveness.

Originality/value

This study is unique in its measurement of unsolicited social media sentiment as opposed to most churn-related research that uses survey- or customer-data-based methods. In addition, this study observed the sentiment of customers from all major retail banks across 12 months. To date, no studies on retail bank churn theory have provided such an extensive perspective. The findings contribute to Susan Keaveney’s churn theory and provide a new measurement of switching threat through social media sentiment analysis.
Can institutional anomie theory predict victimization? An experimental survey examining institutional anomie and affinity fraud
Authors: Dearden Thomas E. , Scaptura Maria
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine whether victims of financial crimes are also affected by anomie. Fraud from supposed financial advisors leaves many victims feeling uncertain of their financial future and betrayed by people they trusted. This is felt even more when victims are betrayed by people in their own community. Previous research (see Hövermann et al. 2015a, 2015b, 2016, 2018) has found that individuals susceptible to the capitalistic values of the USA and other Western nations are more likely to cheat (Muftic, 2006), engage in rule-breaking (Zito, 2018) and believe in egoistic individuality (Hövermann et al. 2015a). This belief in these values could also increase the chance of victimization.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used an experimental survey to assess whether institutional anomie theory (IAT) can also affect victimization at the individual level.

Findings

The authors find support for Messner and Rosenfeld’s (2001) IAT. An interaction was present, which revealed that IAT is more predictive when individuals are high in financial need. When individuals are desperate, they will find whatever means possible to meet the expectations of the American Dream, even if it involves investing their life savings with a potential fraudster.

Originality/value

This paper examines IAT as it relates to victim behavior. Further, this paper links the techniques of offenders using shared social status (i.e. affinity) with criminological theory.
Factors influencing the weaving and use of kente cloth: the case of Bonwire, Ghana
Authors: King Rudith Sylvan , Simpeh Eric Kwame , Mensah Henry , Nerquaye-Tetteh Elfreda
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Kente weaving business is increasingly seen as a promising investment and enhances sustainable livelihood in Ghana. However, it has not received the needed attention from scholars and government in recent times. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing the kente weaving industry with the aim of evolving effective promotional strategies to encourage the weaving and use of kente in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a quantitative inquiry approach, primary data were collected from 70 respondents in Bonwire within the Ejisu-Juabeng Municipal Assembly in Ghana. The mean ranking technique, the Mann–Whitney U test and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were the statistical tools that aided the data analysis.

Findings

The EFA revealed that the underlying threats affecting the weaving of kente were limited demand and supply of kente, data and motivation management system, lack of export promotion and obsolete production techniques. Furthermore, this study revealed that the kente weaving industry can be promoted through kente festivals and the efforts of the association of weavers and government.

Originality/value

The findings provide a valuable reference for the government, stakeholders and textile industrialists to institute a mechanism for evaluating performance periodically to identify threats associated with the textile industry at large.
Unearthing Wu Daozi (c. 686 to c. 760): The Concept of Authorship in Tang Painting
Authors: Hung Wu
Published: May 2022

Worshipped by later folk artists as the god of painting, Wu Daozi (c. 686 to c. 760) was also praised by ninth‐century art historian Zhang Yanyuan as someone who ‘did not look back and will have no successors’. But alas, this ‘Sage of Painting’ (Hua sheng) left no work to us (imagine if we knew Leonardo da Vinci or Michelangelo only by reputation). Can archaeology remedy this unfortunate situation as it has done for so many other fields from classical philosophy to ancient science? How should we utilize possible archaeological evidence in studying painting practices? This essay suggests that a set of newly discovered imperial tomb murals may allow us to approach Wu's style more closely than ever before, and also leads us to problematize the concept of authorship in an age when individual authorship was inseparable from workshop practice.
Liberal‐secular power and the traps of muslim integration in Western Europe
Authors: Amir‐Moazami Schirin
Published: May 2022

Throughout the last decades, integration programmes in Western Europe have centrally revolved around debates on Muslim populations and the institutionalization of Islam. The concept of integration has become a master paradigm with which to structure plurality of immigration societies across Western Europe. Critically reflecting this inflation, this article argues that the integration of Muslims is animated by a contingent liberal‐secular matrix through which the sovereign state, in close connection with civil society, is enabled to decide what counts as proper and improper religion. Integration directed toward Muslims as a “religious minority” is therefore indicative of the very problems that it purports to resolve. In a genealogical vein, the article begins by suggesting that integration is a liberal “recursion” of earlier projects of minority management such as assimilation and conditional recognition within emerging nation‐states. It argues that the epistemological ground which animated the assimilatory forces of the modern nation‐state has been intimately bound by an imperial knowledge order which classifies and hierarchizes people along a race‐religion nexus. The analysis continues by dwelling on contemporary examples of state organized dialog with Muslims, and more specifically the establishment of Islamic Theology Chairs at state universities. Through these examples the article shows that the institutionalization of Islam in Europe reconfigures a pattern which conditionally embraces religious difference, while at the same time continuing hierarchical rankings and by transforming it to make it fit for religion's legitimate place in public life. Finally, the article suggests that the somatic aspirations prevalent in assimilation projects and imperial race‐religion constellations are both inscribed and concealed in the frequent invocation of Muslims to reveal their loyalty to the liberal‐secular contract by bracketing their religious sensibilities for the sake of secular reason.
New directions in centre‐based aged care in Australia: Responding to changing funding models and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hamilton Myra , Crawford Tonia , Thomson Cathy , Jeon Yun‐Hee , Bassett Kimberley
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Centre‐based aged care services are a key site of early intervention and support for people with dementia and their carers. This paper examines the impact of new aged care funding structures on centre‐based aged care service accessibility and delivery. It also examines the challenges and opportunities for change facing the sector in the light of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted online with 29 managers or supervisors of centre‐based aged care services in Greater Sydney.

Results

The analysis reinforced the essential role of centre‐based aged care services in improving the cognitive, physical and psychological health of older people with dementia and their carers. However, the changing funding context and the COVID‐19 pandemic have created challenges in access to centre‐based services, particularly for the most vulnerable. The challenges created by the COVID‐19 pandemic also opened opportunities for the introduction of new models of service practice to meet the individual needs of older people and their carers.

Conclusions

Greater investment in, and flexibility in the funding for, centre‐based aged care services is needed to facilitate access for people with dementia and their carers and improve their health and well‐being.
Fragile promise: The role of justification in promise‐breaking
Authors: Chen He , Dong Yuxuan , Jiang Shaohan , Li Zenghui , Krueger Frank , Wu Yan
Published: May 2022

People who consider themselves moral sometimes use self‐serving justifications to rationalize their selfish behaviours. Previous studies have tested the role of ambiguity in justifying wrongdoings, but it remains unclear whether ambiguity also plays a role in justifying promise‐breaking behaviour and whether heterogeneity exists. To investigate justification in promise‐breaking, we introduced a new experimental paradigm called the card‐guessing task and used hierarchical cluster analysis to classify participants based on their promise‐breaking decisions in unambiguous and ambiguous conditions. Experiment 1 revealed three clusters of solutions: Cluster 1 always kept their promises (i.e., keepers); Cluster 2 only exploited the vague promises and broke their promises in the ambiguous condition (i.e., intermediates); Cluster 3 tended to take advantage of vague promises and broke their promises irrespective of ambiguity (i.e., breakers). Experiment 2 confirmed that participants in the three clusters differed in their norm‐abiding preferences and social value orientations. Keepers were more altruistic and had a stronger sense of norm compliance than intermediates and breakers. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that self‐serving justifications were more likely to be employed by people who are moderately sensitive to deviation from social norms, which has implications for strategic interventions and policy formulation concerning unethical behaviour.
Raman microspectroscopy applied to flint provenance at the chalcolithic settlement of Zambujal (Torres Vedras, Portugal)
Authors: Jordão Patrícia , Guedes Alexandra , Pimentel Nuno
Published: May 2022

The mineralogical fingerprint of both archaeological and geological flint, measuring by Raman microspectroscopy the α‐quartz, and the minor elements was studied. Quartz crystallinity index, by XRD, was calculated in geological samples. An estimation of the degree of crystallinity through Raman analysis could be used to infer quartz crystallinity in archaeological materials. The evaluation of moganite content allowed a better differentiation among Cenomanian flints from different places. It was possible to confirm the correlation between archaeological microfacies M1‐TV with the Torres Vedras Cenomanian flint and warn that the M2 flint preliminary associated to Lisboa region could be from another source area.
Children's socio‐moral judgments and behaviors toward peers with and without incarcerated parents
Authors: Dunlea James P. , Goel Devyani , Heiphetz Larisa
Published: May 2022

Adults often respond negatively toward children with incarcerated parents. Yet, the developmental foundations for such negativity remain unclear. Two studies (N = 331 U.S. residents; plurality White; plurality male; data collected between Winter 2019 and Spring 2021) addressed this topic. Study 1 probed 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds' and 7‐ to 8‐year‐olds' inferences about peers with and without incarcerated parents. Children reported less certainty that peers with, versus without, incarcerated parents possess moral beliefs. Study 2 showed that among older children, inferences about parental absence did not fully account for this pattern of results. Across studies, children behaved less generously toward peers with, versus without, incarcerated parents. These studies illuminate how early socio‐moral judgment may contribute to negativity toward children with incarcerated parents.
Carer involvement with children and child‐friendly book ownership in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Raaj Kishore , Arusha Anowara Rayhan , Ananna Nurjahan , Kabir Enamul , Bhowmik Jahar
Published: May 2022

Two early childhood development aspects: carer involvement with children, and their ownership of age‐appropriate books, were evaluated. Children aged 0–4 years from Bangladesh, extracted from population‐based Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, were assessed using survey adjusted logistic regression models and district‐wise spatial distribution. Among 13 806 children, 11.2% had no shared activities with carers, and 60.7% had at least four shared activities. Among 22 796 children, 27.4% owned at least one book. Higher carer–child shared activities and more child‐friendly books in households were observed in the Western part of Bangladesh. Children from higher socioeconomic households with educated mothers and greater exposure to media, had higher carer–child interaction and greater availability of books. These findings can aid policies targeting psychological and cognitive development of children in Bangladesh.
Toward optimization of cyclosporine concentration target to prevent acute graft‐versus‐host disease following myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplant
Authors: Kwan Alex Chi Fung , Blosser Nikki , Ghosh Sunita , Leyshon Catherine , Dersch‐Mills Deonne , Puckrin Robert , Duggan Peter , Zepeda Victor , Savoie Lynn , Stewart Douglas , Storek Jan , Jamani Kareem
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Despite the common use of cyclosporine (CsA) for acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis following allogeneic stem cell transplant, the optimal CsA trough target remains unknown.

Materials and Methods

Here, we report on outcomes of adult patients following myeloablative conditioning to identify an optimal CsA trough target and characterize the most relevant timeframe post‐transplant for CsA trough targeting to minimize aGVHD. We retrospectively reviewed 399 consecutive patients who underwent first peripheral blood allogeneic stem cell transplant for hematological malignancies between January 2009 and December 2018.

Results

In the unadjusted and adjusted analyses, the incidence of grades 2–4 aGVHD was significantly higher among patients with an average CsA trough concentration <250 mcg/L compared to patients with an average CsA trough concentration ≥250 mcg/L during days 15–28 post‐transplant (31.5% versus 18.8%, P = 0.037), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.97 (95% confidence interval 1.04–3.71). In contrast, no correlations between CsA trough concentration and relapse, non‐relapse mortality and overall survival was found.

Conclusion

In conclusion, early post‐transplant CsA trough concentrations are an important factor in the prophylaxis against aGVHD. Our findings suggest that CsA trough concentrations should be maximized between days 15–28 post‐myeloablative transplant.
Effect of sheet extrusion direction on laminated mouthguard thickness: An in vitro study
Authors: Takahashi Mutsumi , Bando Yogetsu
Published: May 2022

Background/Aim

The thermal shrinkage that occurs when the extrusion molding sheet is heated affects the mouthguard thickness. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sheet extrusion direction on laminated mouthguard thickness.

Materials and Methods

Mouthguards were pressure formed using the extruded sheet and a plaster model. For the first layer, a 3.0‐mm‐thick sheet was used. For the second layer, a 2.0‐ or 3.0‐mm‐thick sheet was used. In each of the first (F) and second (S) layers, the sheet extrusion direction was either vertical (V; FV, SV) or parallel (P; FP, SP) to the model midline. Thickness differences depending on the extrusion direction of the first layer was analyzed by Student's t‐test. Differences in the laminated mouthguard thickness depending on the extrusion direction of the first or second layer and the sheet thickness of the second layer were analyzed by three‐way ANOVA.

Results

The first layer was significantly thicker in FV by about 0.20 mm than in FP at the incisal edge, labial surface, and cusp (p < .01). No significant difference was observed between SV and SP in the laminated mouthguard. However, at the incisal edge, labial surface, and cusp of the laminated mouthguard, FV were significantly thicker by 0.17 mm or more than FP under all laminating conditions (p < .01). A 3.0‐mm‐thick laminating condition was thicker than a 2.0‐mm‐thick laminating condition by 0.47 mm or more at the incisal edge, labial, and buccal surfaces, and by 0.34 mm or more at the cusp.

Conclusions

The laminated mouthguard thickness can be secured by molding the first‐layer sheet so that the extrusion direction is vertical to the model midline. In the second layer, the extrusion direction did not affect the laminated mouthguard thickness, and a thicker sheet material should be used.
Stroke in the stroke unit: Recognition, treatment and outcomes in a single‐centre cohort
Authors: Marto João Pedro , Salerno Alexander , Maslias Errikos , Lambrou Dimitris , Eskandari Ashraf , Strambo Davide , Michel Patrik
Published: May 2022

Background and purpose

In‐hospital strokes (IHS) are associated with longer diagnosis times, treatment delays and poorer outcomes. Strokes occurring in the stroke unit have seldom been studied. Our aim was to assess the management of in‐stroke‐unit ischaemic stroke (ISUS) by analysing ISUS characteristics, delays in diagnosis, treatments and outcomes.

Methods

Consecutive patients from the Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL), from January 2003 to June 2019, were classified as ISUS, other‐IHS or community‐onset stroke (COS). Baseline and stroke characteristics, time to imaging and time to treatment, missed treatment opportunities, treatment rates and outcomes were compared using multivariate analysis with adjustment for relevant clinical, imaging and laboratory data available in ASTRAL.

Results

Amongst the 3456 patients analysed, 138 (4.0%) were ISUS, 214 (6.2%) other‐IHS and 3104 (89.8%) COS. In multivariate analysis, patients with ISUS more frequently had known stroke onset time than other‐IHS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39–4.35) or COS (aOR 2.56; 95% CI 1.59–4.17), had fewer missed treatment opportunities than other‐IHS (aOR 0.22; 95% CI 0.06–0.86) and higher endovascular treatment (EVT) rates than COS (aOR 3.03; 95% CI 1.54–5.88). ISUS was associated with a favourable shift in the modified Rankin Scale at 3 months in comparison with other‐IHS (aOR 1.73; 95% CI 1.11–2.69) or COS (aOR 1.46; 95% CI 1.00–2.12).

Conclusion

In‐stroke‐unit ischaemic stroke more frequently had known stroke onset time than other‐IHS or COS, fewer missed treatment opportunities than other‐IHS and a higher EVT rate than COS. This readiness to identify and treat patients in the stroke unit may explain the better long‐term outcome of ISUS.
Predicting breeding systems to guide conservation strategies: A kiwi example
Authors: Undin Malin , Castro Isabel
Published: May 2022

The breeding system and mating strategy of a species are at the heart of its behavioral ecology and part of determining its population dynamics. Thus, understanding breeding and mating behavior, and its flexibility, is important for accurate population modeling and successful conservation management. Here, we combine previous work with species‐specific data and phylogenetic context to shine the spotlight on the breeding system of North Island (NI) brown kiwi, Apteryx mantelli, in a conservation context. The NI brown kiwi is of wide interest as a ratite, which are known for their variable breeding biology both within and between species, and its dire need of conservation management. With the aid of data from a long‐term study in a rare, high‐density population, we conclude that, although NI brown kiwi have several features characteristic of monogamous bird species (substantial investment in offspring by both parents, long‐life expectancy, and well‐developed sense of olfaction), it has as many that are consistent with potential for polygamy (uneven quality and distribution of resources, long and asynchronous breeding season, super‐precocial chicks, and non‐monogamous relatives). Consequently, we suggest that (1) the breeding system of NI brown kiwi is more flexible than has been widely recognized, and (2) further study of NI brown kiwi mating behavior would greatly benefit its conservation planning. Specifically, the prevalence of polygamy will directly affect genetic admixture, maintaining of genetic diversity, and distribution of parentage—all crucial factors influencing translocation success and genetic rescue. We argue that the NI brown kiwi study system could contribute to the increased incorporation of behavioral aspects in conservation management, and we provide suggestions for informative studies that would facilitate this.
Institutional trading around repurchase announcements: An uphill battle
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Huy , Mishra Suchismita , Jain Pankaj K.
Published: May 2022

Highly sophisticated institutional investors are generally not profitable when trading around share repurchase announcements because they are pitted against better‐informed entities such as the firm and its insiders. The firm and its insiders know the announcement's intention and timing and enjoy regulatory exemptions regarding the timing and pricing of repurchase implementation or lack thereof. Institutions do not have the same advantages or information ex ante, but they do have access to the trades of insiders 2 days after the transaction date. We find that some institutions are profitable but only when insiders’ buying signal matches the firm's repurchase signal.
Perspectives of people living with Parkinson's disease on personalized prediction models
Authors: van den Heuvel Lieneke , Knippenberg Marjan , Post Bart , Meinders Marjan J. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Stiggelbout Anne M.
Published: May 2022

Background

There is a great need for the development of personalized prediction models (PPMs) that can predict the rate of disease progression for persons with Parkinson's disease (PD), based on their individual characteristics. In this study, we aimed to clarify the perspective of persons diagnosed with PD on the value of such hypothetical PPMs.

Methods

We organized four focus group discussions, each including five persons with PD who were diagnosed within the last 5 years. The sessions focused on what they think of receiving a personalized prediction; what outcomes are important to them; if and how the possibility of influencing the prognosis would change the way they think of personalized predictions; how they deal with the uncertainty from a PPM; and what barriers and facilitators they expect for using a PPM.

Results

The wish of persons with PD for receiving personalized prognostic information was highly heterogenous, for various reasons. Most persons with PD would like to receive more personalized prognostic information, mainly to better prepare themselves and their loved ones for the future. The prediction provided should be as personalized as possible, and there should be adequate supervision and coaching by a professional when providing the information. They were particularly interested in receiving prognostic information when their interventions would be available that could subsequently influence the identified prognostic factor and thereby affect the disease course beneficially.

Conclusion

Most persons with PD in this study want more insight into their own future by means of prediction models, provided that this is explained and supervized properly by professionals.

Patient or Public Contribution

Two patient‐researchers were involved in the study design, conduct of the study, interpretation of the data and in preparation of the manuscript.
Automated analysers underestimate atypical basophil count in myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Shah Hemali P. , Tormey Christopher A. , Siddon Alexa J.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Recent data suggest basophils can adopt an atypical appearance in myeloid disorders including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disease. We hypothesized that automated analysers may not accurately quantitate basophils in myeloid neoplasms based on scatter properties. This study examined basophil counts and properties in myeloid disorders by automated cell analyser, manual differential, and flow cytometry.

Methods

Patients with myeloid neoplasms and control patients with no myeloid disorder diagnosis at a tertiary care centre were identified. Basophil percentage was compared for automated analyser counts (Sysmex XN9000), manual differential, and flow cytometry. Basophil scatter properties in MPNs were examined using flow cytometry.

Results

Thirty‐one patients with myeloid neoplasms were included: 58% were male, mean age was 70.2 (±20.7) years, 32% had a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia with the remaining patients divided among various other forms of myeloid disease (including: essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, unclassifiable MPN, myelodysplastic syndromes). For these patients, mean basophil percentage by automated analyser was significantly lower than manual differential (2.7 ± 2.9 vs. 7.1 ± 4.6, respectively, p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between automated versus manual differential for basophils in control subjects (p = 0.373). For myeloid neoplasm patients, mean basophil percentage was not significantly different between manual differential and flow cytometry (p = 0.116); mean basophil percentage by automated analyser was significantly lower than flow cytometry (2.7 ± 2.9 vs. 5.3 ± 3.7, respectively, p = 0.003).

Conclusion

Automated analysers underestimate basophil counts in patients with myeloid neoplasms. Manual differential and flow cytometry are recommended for more accurate quantitation and characterization of aberrant basophils.