bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF HUB GENES AND KEY PATHWAYS BETWEEN CELIAC AND CROHN'S DISEASES VIA BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS
Authors:   Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences (FENS), Istanbul, Turkey., KOZALAK Gül , ATCEKEN Nazente , Özgül Rıza Köksal
Published: August 2022

Background: Chronic inflammatory diseases are the long-term response of the organism to any stimulus. Crohn's (CD) and Celiac (CeD) diseases are among chronic inflammatory diseases, and both cause chronic inflammation in the intestines. Both diseases are caused by polygenic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors. Inflammation can perpetuate disease and cause it to become chronic. For this reason, CD and CeD that choose the intestine as the target organ may trigger each other. Although the relationship between these diseases is widely mentioned in the literature, scanty knowledge and research have been done on the immune mechanisms of these inflammatory diseases. Aim: This study aimed to determine hub genes, transcription factors-miRNAs, and protein-chemical interaction networks shared between CD and CeD. Methods: The NCBI-GEO datasets were downloaded and analyzed in GEO2R to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). STRING tool for Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) and NetworkAnalyst tool were used for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Transcription factor (TF) - miRNA Coregulatory Networks, and Protein-Chemical Interactions. Results and Discussion: GSE11501 and GSE3365 datasets were utilized to recognize 54 DEGs in CD, and CeD. 13 of these commonly expressed genes were defined as hub genes. GSEA has indicated that these genes are associated with immune system processes, cellular defense response, proteolysis, and apoptosis. KAT6A and SPI1 are transcription factors that direct the continuity of intestinal epithelial cells. Antirheumatic agents and Methotrexate are likely to be used to treat these diseases. Conclusions: In conclusion, we think that delayed-type hypersensitivity resulting from epitope propagation is a common immune mechanism of CD and CeD. Given the increasing prevalence of both CD and CeD in the population, it is clear that more studies are needed to understand the shared pathogenesis and overlapping immune mechanisms of these diseases.
Determining the Maternal Risk Factors Contributing to the Birth of Low Birth Weight Newborn: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Rani Priya , Hassan Batool , Memon Mahtab , Parkash Oam , Bai Naila , Hassan Faiqa
Published: August 2022

Aim:To determine the maternal risk factors contributing to the birth of low birth weight newborn Study design: A case-control study Place and Duration:This study was conducted at ChildLife Foundation (CLF), Paediatric Emergency NICH Karachi Pakistan from August 2021 to January 2022. Methodology:A total of 920 mothers were included in the study that delivered the baby during the mentioned time frame, out of which 460 were cases and 460 controlled mothers for the comparative analysis of risk factors. All the newborns weighing less than 2500 grams of weight were considered as respective cases for the study. Newborns that weight more than 2500 grams were included in the control groups Results:The mean weight of newborn cases was 2.07 ± 0.45 kilograms and 3.14 ± 0.36 kilograms in the newborn control group. However, the mean gestational age of the cases was 37.2 ± 1.48, and the control was 38.3 ± 1.23 weeks. Whereas mothers of 37.2% of cases and 38.7% of control had no education background, 76% of cases had low HB levels, and 68.7% of cases had less than 24 months of the birth interval were relatedto low birth weight. There was no direct associationbetweenmaternal hypertension and low birth weight among newborns observed in the present study. Conclusion:The present study concluded that maternal low HB levels, poor socioeconomic status, low BMI, poor educational background and close birth spacing have a strong association with LBW among newborns. The country's child and maternal health care services should be prioritized to address these issues. Keywords: Childbirth, Infant mortality, Low birth weight, Neonatal mortality, Parental risk factors.
Outcome of Fetus and Mother in Covid-19 Positive Pregnancies: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Baloch Pari Gul , Ilyas Erum , Ramzan Shazia , Kumari Pinkey , Mangi Paras , Devi Sabita
Published: August 2022

Aim:To assess the Feto-Maternal Outcome in Covid-19 Positive Pregnancies Study design: A retrospective study Place and duration: This study was conducted at Sheikh khalifa bin Zayed hospital Quetta, Pakistan from February 2020 to Feburary2021 Methodology:After ethical committee approval for the study, all medical records were evaluated for symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 positive pregnant females. After admission to the hospital, an experienced healthcare worker validated the SARS-COV-2 status of all afflicted women by taking nasopharyngeal swabs for real-time RT-PCR following WHO criteria.Bothfeto-maternal outcomes were observed, including psychological stress, fever, cough, sore throat, dyspnea, ICU hospitalizations, pneumonia, maternal transfer of COVID to newborn. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Results:The present study investigated 72 COVID-19 positive pregnant women. The mean age of females was 28 ± 5.6 years, and the mean gestational age was 37 weeks. The common symptoms were anxiety (18.1%), runny nose with fever (12.5%), cough and fever (9.7%), and sore throat (8.3), whereas 48.6% of cases were asymptomatic. Co-Morbidities include Hypertension (19.7), Anemia (8.3%), Diabetes Mellitus (5.6%), and Hypothyroidism (2.8%). Conclusion: The clinical course of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women appears similar to that of non-pregnant women. There was no vertical transmission of COVID-19, nor was there any neonatal mortality. Keywords: COVID-19, feto-maternal transmission, pandemic, pregnancy outcome
Survival Analysis of Clinicopathology Profile and Risk Factor in Cervical Cancer with Surgery
Authors: Ganisia Ainun , Irwanto Yahya , Wardani Diadjeng Setya , . Karmanis , Permatasari Ineke , Patricia Aliesya , Khairullah Aswin Rafif , Belgania Ristaqul Husna , . Karjono
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer compared to all cancer cases , but it is also deadly. Objective: This study aimed to determine the five year survival rate of surgical cervical cancer at Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang and to know the effect of clinicopathological profile and risk factors on survival rate. Methods: Our method is analytic observational with a retrospective cohort type using medical records of surgical cancer cervix from January until December 2017. The analysis used the Log-rank test, Kaplan Meier, and Cox regression. Results: The total of the 144 study samples, found 92 alive and 52 dead. This research of clinicophatology profile showed significant affect in stage (p .001), histopathology (p .006), degree of differentiation (p .000), and lymph node metastases (p .000). While the research of risk factor showed significant affect in age (p- value 0.000), total of parity (p .000), marital history (p .000), occupation (p .003), menstrual history (p .003), and type of contraception (p 0.000), type of therapy (p .001). And then, it was found no significant affect in BMI (p .471) area of residence (p .475). Conclusion:. The survival rate of cervical cancer patients in five years with surgery is 90 %. Based on the clinicopathological profile, it was found that that stage variable, histopathology, degree of differentiation, and lymph node metastases significantly affect the survival rate. In the characteristics of risk factors, The variables of age, parity, marital history, occupation, menstrual history, contraception, type of therapy, and place of residence) have a significant effect on survival. Keywords: Cervival Cancer; Clinicopathological Profile; Survival Analysis
Professional Reintegration after Pelvic and Acetabular Trauma
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Zoha , Ahmed Faheem , Tayyab Affan , Shahzad Muhammad Gulfam , Kumar Dileep , Iqbal Malik Naveed
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Pelvic ring and acetabulum injuries are complex injuries varying in severity and complications resulting in serious morbidity in surviving individuals which as a result can be a major contributor to reintegration of patients in professional services. Therefore its important to evaluate to what extent affected patients can return to pre injury work status and how their quality of life is affected. The objective of this study is to evaluate reintegration of affected patients in profession in a two year follow up after acetabular and pelvic ring injuries Material and Methods: Using local Trauma Registry of Orthopedic Trauma department in Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Institute of Trauma (SMBBIT) a retrospective Cohort study was conducted. All patients between age 18 to 60 who had a Acetabulum or Pelvic Ring fracture presented in SMBBIT during July 2017 to July 2019 and were treated by Orthopedic Trauma department were included in study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to model reintegration to profession. Affected patients were classified as “Reintegrated to profession” if they have earned a month salary after 13 to 24 months rehabilitation post treatment. For unemployed patients along with majority of women who were domestic home makers, reciprocate basic household chores to pre injury injury level were classified as “ Reintegrated “ Fracture classification, Age, Gender, Fracture of Spine , Nerve Injuries of Lumbo Sacral Spine and/or lower limb and work status before injury were considered prognostic covarities. Results: Almost 70 percent of 180 researched patients were classified reintegrated. This means a reduction of 20 percent in employment for Pelvic ring injuries and 10 percent reduction in employment for acetabular fractures post treatment. Employment status before injury was the main predictor for reintegration. Older patients had a less chance to return to work in comparison to young individuals. Patients with Nerve injuries and fracture of spine had almost 80 percent higher risk for not being reintegrated. Conclusion: Acetabular fractures and Pelvic ring injuries currently lead to greater loss of reintegration to profession or domestic work. Trauma to Pelvis and Acetabulum threatens the social security of patients. Therefor rehabilitation and follow up care should be optimized to reduce post traumatic disability and reduce the economic burden of work disability.
Relationship Between Genistein Intake and Body Mass Index (BMI) with Serum Prolactin Levels in Breastfeeding Women in the Area of Benowo and Kenjeran Public Health Centers
Authors: Rahardjo Bambang , Wardani Widya Kusuma , Sri Lestari Ni Putu Yunita , Nurseta Tatit , Ratnawati Linda
Published: August 2022

Mother's milk is considered the optimal substance for newborns because it provides complete nutrition, improves infant health, and increases immunity and low incidence of gastrointestinal disease. The development of the alveolar-lobular glands in the breast for the initiation of breastfeeding is the role of the prolactin hormone. Genistein is a type of isoflavonoid whose content is abundant in soybeans, and their processed products (tempeh and tofu) play a role in the synthesis of serum prolactin. Body Mass Index (BMI) indicates maternal nutritional status, which can also affect serum prolactin. This study will discuss the relationship between genistein intake and BMI on serum prolactin levels of nursing mothers. This research uses analytical observational research on 110 breastfeeding mothers in the Benowo and Kenjeran Health Center Work Areas, Surabaya. The results of Spearman's correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between genistein intake on maternal serum prolactin levels (p=0.001) and BMI on maternal serum prolactin levels (p=0.036) (Pearson's test). The estrogenic properties of genistein are very similar to endogenous estrogens, which are thought to increase the formation of maternal serum prolactin levels and its activity which stimulated ductal elongation in mammary gland development. The increase in BMI levels in the body is go with an increase in serum prolactin levels due to the lack of availability of dopamine two receptor (D2R) sites in the body of nursing mothers. Keywords: Genistein intake Body Mass Index, Serum Prolactin Levels Exclusive breastfeeding Nutrition of breastfeeding mothers
Determination of Proximate Composition of N.Sativa L. Seeds and its Effective Role in Improving Lipid Profile among Hyperlipidemic Women
Authors: Zanib Rida , Basharat Shahnai , Khursheed Tara , Gulzar Zainab , Shaheer Muhammad , Fatima Sakina , Shah Zarnain Ali
Published: August 2022

Objective: To find out the proximate composition of Nigella sativa L. and its hypolipidemic effect on blood lipid profile among hyperlipidemic women. Methodology: To determine the proximate composition of nigella sativa seed the kjeldhah method, soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether and AOAC procedure were used. To determine hypolipidemic impact a total of 64 mild to moderate hyperlipidemic women aged 25-35 years were selected for the 8 weeks of study. The sample was selected from the university of Lahore teaching hospital, Lahore. After removing physical contaminants like dirt, dust and foreign grains black seeds were air drayed. After drying seeds were ground into fine powder by using commercial blender. Each capsule was prepare containing 500 mg powder of N. Sativa, and transfer them in air tight jars. After screening the participants of experimental group were advised to use 2 capsule Nigella sativa supplement before breakfast and two capsules in the afternoon prior to their meal for 8 weeks .Participants were also be advised to follow the given 7-day diet plan for 8 weeks. The anthropometric measurements, biochemical evaluation (lipid profile) and dietary intake data were collected. Results: The mean age group of Hyperlipidemic patients enrolled in study was 32.5 ± 0.34 years. There was a significant reduction in Low density lipoprotein (LDL) Total Cholesterol levels and Triglycerides levels with p-value less than 0.05. High density lipoprotein levels were also improved from 49.5±8.38mg/dl to 51.81±10.21 mg/dl. Conclusion: The study concluded that Nigella sativa L. seed powder supplementation showed a significant improvement in lipid profile of hyperlipidemic patients. The study found an increase in high density lipoprotein among patients. Keywords: Nigella sativa L. seed powder, Black cumin, Blood Lipid profile, Hyperlipidemia, Hypolipidemia, Lipid ameliorating effect, Proximate analysis
Screening of HIV Infection in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Dayo Abdul Rashid , Memon Shahzad , Tunio Yar Muhammad , Ali Kashif , Basheer Maria , Farhad Ruqayya
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of HIV infections in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study, was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Ghulam Muhammad Mehar Medical College, Sukkur, from October 2019 to 2020. All the patients had pulmonary TB of any duration; their ages ranged from 15 years to 45 years, and both genders were included. Sputum analysis for the patients with known pulmonary tuberculosis was done for AFB (Positive/Negative). Sputum was also sent for a GeneXpert test for the diagnosis of MDR TB. The patient's sputum culture and sensitivity were checked from the record and the XDR TB, if present in that record, was noted. In all patients with PTB, blood was taken and sent for serology. HIV was assessed by serology. All of the data was taken and recorded into the proforma at its completion, and was then analyzed by SPSS version 26 for the research purpose. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 34.2±10.3 years, and the average duration of TB was 8.1±3.9 months. Out of all, 90 (64.3%) were males and 50 (35.7%) were females. In distribution for types of pulmonary tuberculosis, 1st line drug response was found in 41 (29.4%) patients, MDR TB in 60 (42.8%), while XDR TB was found in 39 (27.8%) patients. HIV infection serology was found to be positive in 53 (37.9%) patients. As per stratification, the HIV serological infection was significantly higher among males (p-0.004), while it was statistically insignificant according to the patients' age and disease status (p->0.05). CONCLUSION: It was to be concluded that the prevalence of HIV infection was documented as considerably high in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, all individuals having tuberculosis should be evaluated for HIV risk factors and advised to get tested. Keywords: HIV, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Co-Infection
Frequency and Causative Factors of Splenic Trauma at Liaquat University Hospital/Jamshoro
Authors: Shah Riaz Ahmed , Soomro Suhail Ahmed , Abro Abdul Sattar , Ahsan Muhammad Faheem , Khatti Shahnawaz , Kumari Aneeta
Published: August 2022

Objective: To evaluate the frequency and causative factors of splenic trauma in patients presented with abdominal blunt trauma at the surgical emergency of the Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro (Hyderabad). Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study, carried out at the surgical units of Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro from December 2013 to November 2014. All the patients admitted with abdominal trauma, aged >12 years of either gender, were included. After taking informed consent, a complete medical history, especially regarding the cause of the injury, and a physical examination were done. All the patients were evaluated for splenic trauma after imaging diagnosis and operative findings. A self-made proforma was used for the data collection of age, gender, residence, causes of the injury, and presence of the splenic trauma. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 250 cases of abdominal trauma were studied, and splenic trauma cases were found in 60 (22.7%). Out of 60 participants, most of the cases were aged 18 to 30 years (46.7%) and 31 to 40 years (38.3%). Males were seen in the majority of 44 (73.3%), while females were 16 (26.7%). According to the causative factors of the splenic trauma, road traffic accidents were the most common (51.1%), followed by falls (19.1%), stab wounds (17.0%), and fire arm injuries (12.8%). Conclusion: As per the study conclusion, the young males mostly suffered from splenic trauma, which was observed to be 22.7% among patients with abdominal trauma. Road traffic accidents (RTA) and falls from height were observed to be the most common causative factors. Keywords: abdominal trauma, splenic trauma, causes
The Effect of Bajakah Tampala as a Therapy for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Rattus Norvegicus
Authors: Khusmitha Qatrunnada Naqiyyah , Putri Herdian Fitria Widyanto , Hidayati Dwi Yuni Nur , Raras Tri Yudani Mardining
Published: August 2022

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most prevalent form of vaginitis and is caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans. Bajakah Tampala is now being developed as an herbal medication due to the belief that it may heal a variety of diseases. This study aimed to determine the effect of Bajakah Tampala extract on vulvovaginal candidiasis in experimental model. This study measured the number of Candida albicans colonies, the number of neutrophil cells in the vaginal lumen of rats, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in rat blood serum to assess the efficacy of antifungal medication. Rats were separated into negative control, 10mg/kgBW Fluconazole, 427.5 mg, 451.3 mg, and 475 mg methanol extract of Bajakah Tampala groups. Fluconazole and Bajakah Tampala were able to decrease the amount of Candida albicans colonies, neutrophils, and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels. According to the results of this study, Bajakah Tampala have the same antifungal potency as fluconazole. Keywords: Vulvovaginal candidiasis; Bajakah Tampala; fluconazole; Candida albicans; number of neutrophil colonies; TNF-α; IL-6
Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors, and Coronary Angiographic Profile of very Young Adults (≤30 Years) Presenting with First Acute Myocardial Infarction at a Tertiary Care Center Karachi
Authors: Khan Rizwan , , Shaikh Javed Khurshed , Butt Muhammad Hassan , Ahmed Iftikhar , Raza Ahsan , Ashraf Tariq
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To characterize the clinical demonstration, risk factors, echocardiographic, and coronary angiographic profile of very young individuals presenting with their first AMI at a tertiary care hospital at NICVD Karachi Sindh, Pakistan Background: Rare cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occur in relatively young persons under the age of 30. In Pakistan, <2% of people have experienced an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). When it happens at this young age, ACS has a substantial impact on the patient's psyche, morbidity, and increased financial burden. Single-vessel disease and non-obstructive stenosis are considerably more common in young individuals with ACS on coronary angiography (CAG). Materials and Methods: At the Department of Cardiology NICVD Karachi, this retrospective observational research was carried out. Very young individuals (≤30 years of age) who had their first AMI from 1st January to 30th June 2019 had their medical records gathered and examined. Results: 50 young patients aged ≤30 years old were hospitalized with their first AMI. The majority of the patients were between the ages of 25–30 years. Patients had a mean age of 28.62 ± 2.04 years, and 48 of them (96%) were men. Smoking was the most frequent risk factor for CAD, accounting for 54% of cases in individuals under the age of 30. One patient presented with a complete heart block and a temporary pacemaker was inserted as a lifesaving measure. STEMI (78%) was more common as compared to NSTEMI (22%). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 41.4±7.6%. The single-vessel disease was the most prevalent (60%) finding. The most common culprit vessel was the LAD artery (40%) followed by the RCA (14%). The double-vessel disease was seen in 22% of individuals and the most common combination of vessels was LAD and RCA (14%). Conclusion: When compared to older patients, very young individuals showed less severe CAD, which is probably because their coronary arteries had less atherosclerosis. Smoking and dyslipidemia are the most avoidable risk factors in Pakistan's youthful population. Primary prevention, such as public awareness campaigns about the dangers of smoking, poor eating habits, and sedentary lifestyles, may assist to avert the emergence of cardiac issues in later life. Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, coronary artery disease, smoking, young adults
Outcomes of Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ullah Saleem , ullah Sami , Khan Muhammad Abbas , Shaikh Javed Khurshed , Buriro Gulzar Ali , Rizvi Syed Nadeem Hassan
Published: August 2022

Objective: The objective of this research is to assess the efficacy of left main coronary artery (LMCA) revascularization and to document the outcomes for patients who underwent this procedure. Methodology: The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) in Karachi conducted a cross-sectional study from January 2018 to December 2019 and discovered that participants had a decreased risk of developing heart disease. All patients aged 18 and above who received percutaneous LMCA revascularization at the study location were considered for inclusion. We evaluated patient outcomes in the hospital by charting and doing telephonic follow-ups for one year. Regarding quantitative variables, the results were expressed as means and standard deviations, and concerning qualitative variables, as percentages. Results: The study center treated 95 patients with LM PCI during the study period. 68 (71.5%) of the people who had LM PCI had unprotected LM. LM PCI was most commonly performed on 44 patients (46.3%) presenting with unstable angina. Ninety-one (95.7%) patients required PCI due to native LM illness, while four patients (4.2%) underwent LM PCI as a rescue treatment. There were 41.7 ± 26.9 months of follow-up on average. Participants were followed up on average for 41.7 ±26.9 months, and they were admitted to the hospital on average for 4.45 ±3.2 days. The death rate in the hospital was 12.6%, and this was followed by the mortality rate at 1 year and a mean follow-up of 7.5% and 6.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Hemodynamically unstable patients, or those who cannot have bypass surgery for various reasons, have a successful therapy option in Pakistan: LM percutaneous coronary intervention. It may be necessary for the future to conduct prospective studies to evaluate whether PCI can be used to treat LM lesions when compared with existing treatments. Keywords: Percutaneous coronary, Intervention Coronary artery disease, Intravascular ultrasound, Left main coronary artery.
Prevalence of Angiographically Significant Left Main Disease at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi; A Large Cardiac Interventional Study
Authors: Rehman Javaid Ur , ullah Sami , ullah Naveed , Shaikh Javed Khurshed , Ahmed Iftikhar , Ashraf Tariq
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the prevalence of significant left main coronary artery disease (Stenosis more than 50%) at NICVD Karachi. Method: We conducted this observational cross-sectional study retrospectively at NICVD Karachi. Our institution analyzed both emergency and elective coronary angiography data from 5th July 2018 to 5th July 2020 for the existence of significant left main coronary artery disease. A study of coronary artery disease only included patients with significant left main coronary artery disease. Approximately 50% stenosis was considered significant left main coronary artery disease. Results: A total of 10,828 patients were selected for the study population, out of the total of 8975 males and 1853 female patients who underwent coronary angiography during our mentioned period at NICVD Karachi, 327 patients (3%) showed significant left main coronary artery disease. 277 patients (83%) were male and 50(17%) were female. About 50% of patients were between the ages of 60 -80 years old Minimum age was 32 years and the maximum age was 95 years. Hypertensive were 5197 (48%) and diabetes was 2480 (22.9%). The maximum number of patients in CCS grade II angina is about 239 (73.0%). Conclusion: High prevalence of disease in the Left major coronary artery is associated with greater mortality and morbidity in our CAD patients. Keywords: Coronary artery diseases, left main coronary artery, coronary intervention, coronary angiography
A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Tramadol as an Adjunct to Bupivacaine for Caudal Analgesia in Children
Authors: Wadood Fazal , Naeem Muhammad , Haq Hafiz Imran Ul , Bangash Robina , Amer Amber , Balouch Varda
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The purpose of analgesia in postoperative period is to minimize pain with the fewest probable side effects and to obtain the highest possible cost-effectiveness in our environment. In children, caudal anesthesia is often given in combination with general anesthesia for postoperative and intraoperative anesthesia. To extend the length of anesthesia; adjuvants can be further added to local anaesthetics. This research was performed to determine the caudal bupivacaine anesthesia duration given in combination with tramadol. Study Design: A prospective, comparative, randomized, double-blinded study Place and duration: In the department of Anesthesia, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar for one-year duration from 21st January 2021 to 20th January 2022. METHODS: 80 patients, 3-8 years of age, enduring elective urological, lower limb and lower abdominal surgery. Patients were randomised in to group A (n = 40) given 0.25% bupivacaine 1 ml / kg and group B (n = 40) receiving bupivacaine 0.25% in dose of 1 ml / kg plus 1 mg / kg tramadol. The hemodynamic responses, side effects and analgesia total duration were observed and analyzed. Results: The patients were comparable in groups A and B in terms of hemodynamic response and demographics and were not significant statistically (p greater than 0.05). It was detected that the analgesia mean time was longer significantly in B group (464.2 ± 167.1 minutes vs 238.1 ± 71.5 minutes, P <0.001). The postoperative vomiting was perceived in two cases, one in each group. Conclusions: One mg / kg Tramadol adjuvant to 0.25% bupivacaine for caudal anesthesia in children effectively lengthens the analgesia duration deprived of increasing side effects. Keywords: bupivacaine; tramadol and caudal analgesia.
Usefulness of Peak Flow Meter in Monitoring of Asthma Management in Pediatric Age Group
Authors: Tariq Afrah , Humayoun Qaiser Shehzad , Hafeez Muhammad , Liaquat Israr , Tauhidi Irum , Shabbir Asad
Published: August 2022

Objective: Toassess the incidence of usage of peak flow meter in the monitoring of asthma management in pediatric age group. Study Design: Descriptive case study Settings: Out Patient Department and Medical Ward of the Children's hospital and The Institute of Child Health Lahorefor duration of six months from 1st October 2016 to 31st March 2017. Methodology: Patients admitted in the hospital fulfilling the criteria of inclusion were enrolled in the analysis. After taking informed consent from parents and approval from ethical committee their demographic information was recorded. The proforma was completed by the researcher. Follow up was done after one-week to label PFM usage. Results: Out of 210 cases, 55.24%(n=116) were between 8-12 years of age while 44.76%(n=94) were between 13-16 years of age, 50.95%(n=107) were male while 49.05%(n=103) were females with mean age 12.0+2.30 years. Frequency of usage of peak flow meter in the monitoring of asthma treatment was recorded in 18.57%(n=39) whereas 81.43%(n=171) had no PFM usage. Conclusion: We concluded that the frequency of usage of peak flow meter in the monitoring of asthma treatment in pediatric age group is similar to other studies but very few data on practices of asthma management in Pakistan and different protocols are used for asthma self-management which needs some-other studies so that more appropriate and evidenced based data may be collected for developing the local guidelines of self-management of asthma. Keywords: Asthma, Monitoring, Usage of peak flow meter
Frequency of Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Younas Bazla , Tabassum Nisha , . Shafia
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Unit-I, ShaheedMohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University of Medical Sciences, Larkana. Study was carried out over a period of six months from 23rd March 2018 to 22nd September 2018. Subjects and Methods: A total of 120 patients were recruited in this study. 75g oral glucose tolerance test was performed. The 2ml blood sample was obtained by using BD syringe. Those patients having whole blood glucose value >140-200mg/dl were labeled as having impaired glucose tolerance test. Results: Mean age of the patients was 24.6±6.4 years. Mean BMI 28.5±2.8 kg/m2. Out of 120 cases, 69 patients (57.5%) were married while remaining 51 patients (42.5%) were unmarried. Out of 69 married patients, 24 (34.8%) were primigravida and 45 (65.2%) were multigravida. Mean duration of PCOS was 1.6±0.8 year. Frequency of IGT was observed in 20 patients (16.7%). Symptoms were as follows: Oligomenorrhea 58 (48.3%), hyper-androgenium 29 (24.2%) and increased ovarian volume 33 (27.5%). Stratification with regard to age, BMI, marital status, parity, duration of PCOS and symptoms was also carried out. Conclusion: Women with PCOS are at a high risk for the development of IGT (16.7%) and subsequently Type 2 DM. While managing the hirsutism and menstrual irregularities, metabolic evaluation of the patient should be done. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Impaired glucose tolerance, Androgen excess
In Hospital Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Iqbal Faheem , Nazir Ujala , Muhammad Fida , Mustafa Bilal , Gill Omer Saqib
Published: August 2022

Aim: To evaluate in-hospital cardiogenic shock (CS) outcomes after acute myocardial infarction. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration:InPunjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahorefor six-months duration from 18th June 2021 to 17th December 2021. Materials and Methods: After meeting the inclusion criteria, 200 consecutive patients with cardiogenic shock afterwardsthe acute myocardial infarction were studied. The major group was Group I consisting of 105 (52.5%) subjects; these were CS patients with STEMI. The patients of group-IIcomprised of 80 (40%) subjects, these were cases with CS with Non-STEMI and patients of the group III were 15 (7.5%); with acute left bundle branch block (LBBB) in the CS setting. Results: The mean age of the study people was 57.2 ± 29.40. The males in the studied people were 130 (65%), and women 70 (35%). In group I; 50 (47.6%) was the in-hospital mortality, group II has in-hospital mortality of 57 (71.3%) and in group III it was 7 (46.7%) cases. Conclusions: Patients who developed cardiogenic shock afterwardsacute myocardial infarction have high ratio of mortality during their stay in hospital. This is because there are more risk factors in this subset of patients. Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, hospital mortality, left bundle branch block.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding dental pulp treatment in teaching sector of South Punjab
Authors: Rafiq Mehwish , Bukhari Jaffar Hussain , Shaukat Malik Saleem , Saleem Mehvish , Tahir Anam , Abdullah Shamima
Published: August 2022

Objective: This study had four-fold objective; to evaluate the dentists’ choice about removal of caries, to know the preferred material for direct and indi¬rect pulp capping and to find out the influence of clinical experience, post-graduation and workplace on treatment modalities. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed on 460 dentists belonging to dental colleges of South Punjab. Non-probability convenience sampling was done. Information about work experience, post-graduation and workplace, caries removal, direct and indirect pulp capping material was collected. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze data. Frequencies, percentages and association of treatment options with other variables were found out. Results: Out of 429 participants, 50% selected to remove total caries and restore temporarily in first visit then permanent filling in second. Calcium hydroxide was the most preferred material (61%) for direct pulp capping, whereas for indirect, it was a combination of CH, GIC and adhesive, also opted by post-graduates significantly more than graduates (p=0.02). No association of work experience and post-graduation had no association with questions about treatment modalities (p = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively). In private sector, first treatment option and a combination of CH, GIC, adhesive and composite for indirect capping was opted significantly more than public sector (p=03 and p=02 respectively), whereas, for direct capping CH was opted significantly more in public than private (p=0.01). Conclusion: The preferred treatment was the complete caries removal and temporary filling in first visit followed by per¬manent filling in second. Calcium hydroxide was the material of choice for pulp capping, also significantly more in public sector than private. In deep cavities, the combination of CH and GIC was preferred for lining under composite resin. The work experience and post-graduation of dentists had no significant influence on treatment options or material used for pulp capping. Keywords: Biodentine, pulp capping, calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate
AN ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMIC AND MOVIE BY STAN LEE: IRON MAN
Authors: Oroh Kevin , Samola Nurmin , Hampp Paula
Published: August 2022

This research aims to find out the differences between comics and movie by using a qualitative method, effective to describe the problem and give more explanation about this comic and movie Iron Man. This research was conducted in Comic (Tales of Suspense: Iron Man) and Movie Iron Man (2008). To fulfill the research objective, the researcher took an experimental study involving a sample of a movie with a duration of 2 hours 6minutes and a comic strip of 13 pages. Data is obtained through analysis in books and comics, reading, and seeing the problems obtained. The data in the comics show more past events at that time than the data in the movie. in the comics it shows realistic events in the 1963 era and the values or data shown in the movie are more into the modern era. Based on the results of the research, the researcher concludes that the comics and the Iron Man film have differences that make each story with the right elements, stories that have suggestions through time
Preventing of the COVID-19 pandemic spreading through the yoga sūrya namaskāra practices at the Hindu Community in Mataram
Authors: Wirawan I Wayan Ardhi , Koldoris Tihnov , Kembarawan I Gusti Komang
Published: August 2022

This study aims to find out a way in overcoming the spread of COVID-19 pandemic by practicing the yoga Sūrya Namaskāra at Bali-Hindu communities in Mataram city, West Nusa Tenggara. This study uses an interpretive qualitative method in order to find a link between the practice of the yoga Sūrya Namaskāra carried out by a number of practitioners and the prevention of COVID-19. This research resulted in three new findings. First, the practice of the yoga Sūrya Namaskāra is the implementation of Hindu religious teachings as a form of worshiping Lord Sūrya through the discipline of yoga. Second, yoga practitioners believe that by doing the yoga Sūrya Namaskāra practice regularly, they can increase the body's immunity which can be used to prevent diseases in themselves. Third, increasing the body's immunity through the practice of the yoga Sūrya Namaskāra is believed to be able to prevent the occurrence of COVID-19 attacks.
apparel needs and limitations for people with limb disabilities
Authors: Venkatasubramanian S. A. , Pragadheeswari R.
Published: August 2022

The paper tries to understand the needs and wants of “disabled people” regarding apparel items of clothing. The aim of “clothing is to express” the style of an individual and to fulfil the needs of the wearer’s security, functionality, and easement. In this paper, the limitations that people with “limb disabilities” face during the selection of any apparel of their choice because of medical restrictions are presented here. The apparel is important as every need of the wearer have to be satisfied in order to fulfil the human needs and obtain the functionality of the garments. Here, the functional clothes needs of the “disabled people” and with the use of 3D “virtual scanning” for a new presentation of the clothing is further presented. In order to gather data in reference to the research topic, secondary research methodology has been used here. The data findings and interpretation are also done following that manner. Also, the conclusion and future recommendations have been provided in this paper.
Effect of methanolic extract of sphaeranthus amaranthoides (MESA) on nicotine-induced Serum testosterone levels in adult Wistar albino rats
Authors: Kanimozhi Selvakumaran , Sumathy Govindarajan , Bupesh Giridharan
Published: August 2022

Background: Infertility is one of the most common health issues. Infertility in men occurs when sperms cannot fertilize eggs. Infertility can be caused by a variety of factors, medical conditions, and medications. Testicular insufficiency results when a normal individual is exposed to some toxic substances and lifestyle disorders. Smoking cigarette is one such condition that affects male reproductive system. Nicotine is the main metabolite of cigarette smoke. Testicular damages are always related with hormonal changes. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Methanolic extract of sphaeranthus amaranthoides with regard to Changes in serum testosterone levels caused as a result of nicotine -induced testicular damage. Methods: Four equal groups( 24nos) of male wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to control, nicotine and methanol extract of sphaeranthus amaranthoides with doses1(250 mg/kg BW) and 2 (500 mg/kg BW), respectively. The animals were treated for forty-eight days. The blood samples were collected at the interval of 20, 40, and 48 days, to evaluate the serum testosterone levels. Results:  Nicotine reduced  Serum testosterone level  (p < 0.001).When treated along with Methanolic extract of sphaeranthus amaranthoides treatment significantly increased blood testosterone level (p<0.001).
Teaching aptitude of teacher educators in relation to their professional ethics
Authors: Ratheeswari K. , Akila R.
Published: August 2022

Teaching is a challenging profession and only such teachers can shoulder the heavy responsibilities of nation-building, as they are adequately prepared and have a sound professional aptitude. A teacher is a well-informed person and he makes every effort to assist the student in learning, has the ability to build good human relationships, understanding and skill related to the process of interaction, those who help the student most, is said to have aptitude towards teaching. A teacher not only has to be competent in his subject, method of teaching and in understanding his student, but also should have interest in the profession and have a favorable aptitude towards teaching. Professional ethics is a term used extensively by different people in different contexts. So it is defined in different ways. Teacher competence depends on teaching in a particular setting, the culture and values held in the community. It also depends on the innumerable teacher and student characteristics and the classroom context. Based on these contexts, teacher education and job performance of a teacher are used. Competencies are the requirements of ethics-based teacher education, which includes knowledge, skills and values the trainee teacher must demonstrate for successful completion of the teacher education programme.
A study of subjective wellbeing in relation to emotional intelligence and locus of control among officers of Haryana Police
Authors: Sundaresan Jayant P V , Sharma Chavi Bhargava
Published: August 2022

A study was conducted on 967 police personnel of Haryana Police at Faridabad where three questionnaires were answered by them pertaining to Subjective Well-Being, Emotional Intelligence and Locus of Control.The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between Wellbeing and Emotional Intelligence, r = .729, p < .01, there was a significant correlation between Wellbeing and Internal Locus of Control, r = .299, p < .01 and there was a significant correlation between Wellbeing and External Locus of Control, r = .288, p < .01. With respect to the demographic of age, there is a non significant correlation between Age and Wellbeing of r = -0.44 (p = n.s.), there is a non significant correlation between Age and Emotional Intelligence of r =  .030 (p = .360), there is a non significant correlation between Age and Internal Locus of Control of r =  -.029 (p = n.s.) and there is a non significant correlation between Age and External Locus of Control of r = -.009 (p = n.s.). On Gender, no significant difference was found across variables.Across types of schooling, both Emotional Intelligence and Well-Being were found to be significant higher in Urban schooling as compared to Rural schooling.
IL-17 (gene expression) as a new biological marker for diagnosing the gastric and colorectal cancer
Authors: Rasheed Rabab Abdulraheem , Al-Abassi Hazima Mossa
Published: August 2022

Background: Malignant gastrointestinal tumors such as esophageal, gastric, liver, colorectal, and pancreatic carcinomas are a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) produced by Th17 cells, a T helper cell subset developed from an activated CD4+ T cell. IL-17 plays a potent role in T-cell mediated angiogenesis, promotes carcinogenesis and it has effects on immune resistance, proliferation and metastasis. This study was aimed to investicate the  Serum IL-17 levels in Iraqi patients with GC and CRC. Materials and methods: peripheral Blood samples were collected from 30 Iraqi patient divided in to  two groups 14women and 16 men with age rang 37-57 years, thay attended Gastroenterology and liver teaching hospital in Baghdad city and diagnosed with early detected (early onest) GC and CRC, and 30 healthy women and men were matched with patients as a control.  IL-17 serum levels were measured using the highly sensitive Elisa kits (Human IL-17A Mini ABTS ELISA Development Kit , USA)  Results:. Elisa assay demonstrated that IL-17 levels were highly expressed in GC and CRC patients, more especially in patients with early detected (early onset) disease.
intelligent crop growth monitoring system using IoT and machine learning
Authors: Tambakhe Manoj D. , Gulhane Vijay S.
Published: August 2022

Agriculture is the important part of any developing country. As population increases the food requirement also be increases so the traditional farming not sufficient to fulfill the requirement of food. The development of industries, decreases in land space, insufficient rainfall, chemicals used in farming and peoples are moving towards the urban cities are the challenges of the agricultural field. So we have to use another source of food which we called as hydroponics. In hydroponics we can developed our plant by supplying the nutrients through water without use of soil. In this study we had used the applicability of machine learning algorithm like support vector regression(SVR), Linear Regression, Lasso Regression, Decision Tree(DT), Ridge regression and Random forest to find the crop growth accuracy from the result we found that random forest has given the highest accuracy 95% and the performance are evaluated on various model like Decision Tree Regression having better performance on (R2=0.86), Support Vector Regression having better performance on (MAE=12.65 and RMSE= 21.31) and Lasso Regression having better performance on (MSE=4.51). The whole dataset are stored on csv file and divided into two subpart 80% data is used for training and 20% is used for testing.
Analytic framework of management of stress of non banking financial service employees
Authors: Gayathri Devi V , Winston Jemimah
Published: August 2022

Stress is an annoying state where high workload will minimize the concentration and the common working situation of any people. Normally, stress is represented as a people’s psychological and physiological reaction to the sageness of a command or challenge. Non Banking Financial Service Employees are more periodically induced by stress because of their work profiles. NBFS employees meet numerous pressure and customer issues in work conditions on current business environment. Employees have to be mentored to manage the stress in the work profile. In this paper, an analysis is carried out towards stress handling of NBFS employees on exploring the symptoms, sources and effects of stress. The main objective of this study is to identify the sources of stress and its effects on Employees life. It identify the various symptoms of stress experienced by the employees and ranks top most stress on the employees to reduce the impact against destructive reaction of employees stress which leads to heart attack, diabetic and other diseases. These approaches will represent an overview of the methods used in the survey, which will include the research design, population, sampling and sampling techniques, data collection and analysis.