bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157in locally produce soft cheese in Baghdad city and studying the effect of some physical factors on its viability
Authors: Najim Najim Hadi
Published: May 2021

A total of 24 samples of three different kinds of locally produced softcheese manufactured from raw milk of Cows , Buffaloes and Ewes( 8 samples of each) were collected at weekly intervals from differentareas of Baghdad city in the period from the beginning of December2007 till the end of January 2008.The main objective of this study was to isolats , identify andenumerate Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157from locally produced softcheese , besides that , to study the effect of cheese storage temperature(4 C) and different salt concentration solutions on the viability andsurvival of E.coli O157 in stored cheese .Data demonstrate that 11 out 24 of samples 45.84% were found tohave Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157 and their average counts were1.6× 104 CFU/gm.The result of statistical analysis demonstrate that cheese samplesmanufactured from cows raw milk had significantly ( P> 0.05) higherE.coli O157 counts and isolation rates over both cheese samples thatwere manufactured from Ewes and buffaloes raw milk .the average count of Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157 in cheesemanufactured from cows milk were 3.8× 104 CFU/gm and the isolationpercentage was 75% while their average counts in cheese manufacturedfrom Ewes and buffaloes milk were 7.3 ×103 & 2.4 ×103 CFU/gmrespectively and the isolation percentages were 37.5 % & 12.5%respectively.Data revealed that all soft cheese samples that were found to haveEnterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157 and stored at refrigeration temperature(4 C) had non significant ( P<0.05) reduction in the average counts ofE.coli O157after 3 weeks of storage and this indicate that the refrigerationstorage temperature (4 C) had no significant effect on the viabilityand survival of E.col O157 .All soft cheese samples that were found tohave Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157 were stored in brinesolutions at different salt concentrations such as 2.5%, 5%,7% and10% for 24 hr,1 week, 2weeks & 3weeks . Data revealed that brinesolution at high concentration of salt such as 10% had nonsignificant effect on the viability and survival of E.coli O157after 3weeks of storage.
The incidence of coliform mastitis caused by E.coli
Authors: Murad Hazhaow Omar Muhammed
Published: May 2021

Dairy project of private sector was selected to find out the incidence ofmastitis due to E.coli or other pathogen .This dairy project was under badmanagemental feeding, housing and health practices. This dairy project wasincluded 80 cows ,thirty two cows were at milking period while the other 48were dry .Milk samples from the teats of each milking cow was collected to findout the infected quarters or udder with mastitis either by E.coli or othermicroorganism using nutrient agar ,eosin methylene blue agar and MacConkyagar then using the biochemical test as completed tests .The result revealed thattwenty six cows out of thirty two were shown positive result with mastitis.E.coli infection was highly designated (65.38 %).Single infected quartersshowed high infection rate .Anterior right and posterior left quarters recordedhigher infection rate than other quarters. Single infection of the anterior rightquarter manifested among other single infected quarters .E.coli was notspecialized in any quarter.
Preparation of Local Diagnostic Kit for Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Habeeb Zainab Sami
Published: May 2021

Some of somatic and flageller antgens from both the human and animal isolates were prepared,and were used to Immunize a group of rabbits by intravenous injections at an upgrading doses.Theresults of this immunization showed the gaining of an excellent hyperimmune serum. With the useof absorptions technique amonospecific antiserum was obtained for the specific injected antigenes, thestandardization of the antibodies showed a highly immune response reading. 1: 2560 , 1: 5120 to H:Iand O: 4.5 Antigens respectively for both antisera.This study showed the report for the 1st time the preparation for diagnostic kit for somatic and flagellarantigens to S. typhimurium comparing this method to Widal test with a good results and Response
The Inhibition Effect of Liqurice (Glycyrrhiza glabra ) on some bacteria
Authors: Abbas Maysoon Sabah
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the inhibition role of Liqurice (Glycyrrhiza glabra ) on some bacteriaspp ., Watery and Oily Liqurice extracts prepared to study the inhibition effect on ( Listeria monocytogenus ,Brucella abortus , Brucella meletensis , Escherichia. coli , Pseudomonus aeruginosa , Bacillus anthracisSterne strain , Salmonella typhimurium , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus ) serial platespowered with cultural media Nutrient Agar were inoculated with one of each bacteria studied then filter papersfilled with each type of Liqurice extracts were added and after incubation period then the inhibition Zone weremeasured . the results revealed that inhibition effect of mixed and Oily Liqurice extracts was more effected onL. monocytogenus , S. aureus, P. aeruginosa , B. anthracis Sterne strain , K. pneumoniae . The mixed extracthad no inhibition effect on Br. abortus , Br. meletensis , E. coli , the Oily Liqurice extract had no inhibitioneffect on Br. meletensis , S. typhimurium the watery extract had no inhibition effect on the bacteria in this study
Role of Flavonoinds From Nigella sativum seeds in Decreasing the Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on ECG in Adult Male Rabbits
Authors: Al-Okaily Barra Najim
Published: May 2021

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the role of flavonoinds of Nigella sativum seeds to reduce theeffect of hydrogen peroxide on electrocardiography in rabbits. Eighteen adult male rabbits were divided intothree equal groups (6\group) and were treated for six weeks as follows: first group (control), which were givenordinary tap water, second treated group (T1), animals in this group given 0.5%H2O2 in drinking water andthird treated group (T2) was handled as in T1 plus oral intubation of flavonoinds (27.5mg\Kg B.W).Electrocardiography was recordings from rabbits after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment. The results conducted thatH2O2 treated group (T1) showed significant increased in P-R interval, R-voltage and significant decreased in Twavevoltage and heart beats. While treatment of animals with flavonoinds of Nigella sativum seeds causedsignificant decrease in P-R interval and R-voltage with an increase in T-wave voltage and heart beats, direct toward their control levels. It was concluded that the flavonoinds of Nigella sativum can ameliorate the deleteriouseffects of hydrogen peroxide on electrocardiography .More studies are needed to convince these findings.
First document on the presence of Iraqi Dirofilaria immitis
Authors: Atia Amall hassen , Y. Yakoob‎ Aleia
Published: May 2021

Canine dirofilariasis in Iraq was thought not present. This is the first report of dogheartworms in our country. Hearts of 22 dogs from various sites in Kerbala province wereexamined for Dirofilaria immitis infection. Peripheral blood from dogs with worms in theheart was examined for microfilaria. Adult worms were found in 16 (73%) hearts.Microfilaria in blood not tackled in the present work. From these finding we hypothesis thatheartworm disease is usually present in / or imported from those areas that are endemic forcanine dirofilariasis
Evaluation of Inhibition Activity of Rosmerinus officinalis plant watery and oily extracts on some pathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Ibrahim Auroba M.S. , M. Abid Majeed , Aldean A. alumni Alla
Published: May 2021

This study included evaluation of inhibition activity of watery and oily extracts of Rosmerinusofficinalis plant on some pathogenic microorganisms like Salmonella typhi، Escheichia coli ، Staphylococcusaureus ، Klebsiella pneumoniae، Aeromonas hydrophila ، Candida albicans. The results of oily extract showedmore activity at concentration (40mg/ml) of microorganisms growth inhibition (26, 24,22,18,18)mmrespectively, compared with aqueous extract which recorded (12,12,10,9,8)mm respectively at concentration(200mg/ml). And procedure the qualitative chemical test of some active ingredients in Rosmerinus officinalisplant. The results showed that the plant contan glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoides , phenols, tannins , resins,saponins and comarins
Hematological changes in experimentally infected doges with Salmonella give
Authors: Aziz F.G. Habasha M.S.
Published: May 2021

Hematological changes in experimentally infected dogs with Salmonella give were studied in 8puppies aged 8-9 weeks. They were separated equally into two groups. The first group has been infected with 4.8xCFU with Salmonella give , while the second group was used as control. Hematological changes were 9 10characterized by an increase in P.C.V. , Hb , 'RBC count ,TPP and fibrinogen , while there was no significantchanges in MCV ,MCH , MCHC . The total leukocytic count was increased during the two days and then graduallydecreased at the end of the experiment
Experimental study on the pathogenesis of Salmonella give in dogs
Authors: Habasha F. G. , S. Aziz  ‎  , Yassin Ghani Taha
Published: May 2021

Experiment study was done on the pathogenicity of Salmonella give infections in dogs . Theexperiment was carried out on 8 puppies ranging in age from 8-9 weeks. The puppies were divided randomlyinto two equal groups. Group I inoculated orally with 4.8x109 Salmonella give and group II saved as control.The disease was characterized by acute gastroenteric and septicemic forms with variable severity. The mostconsistent clinical signs were anorexia, fever, diarrhea, vomiting repression and recumbancy. Salmonella wasconsistently isolated from blood as well as from feces. Gross pathological changes and histologicalexamination were characterized by sever congestion and inflammatory cells in the most of GIT
The isolation and identification of the important pathogenic bacteria from fresh meat
Authors: Hamzah Aseel M.
Published: May 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the load of bacterial contaminant in fresh meat with different types of bacteria.One handered and seven samples were collected from different regions of Baghdad . These samples included 37 of fresh beef 70 of fresh sheep meat. All samples were cultured on different selective media to identitfy of contaminated bacteria .The result revealed that The percentage of bacterial isolate from raw sheep meat were,23.8 % of StreptococcusgroupD, 29.4 % of Staphylococcus aureus ,14.7 % of E.coli 4.9 , % of Salmonella spp, , 3.5 % of pseudomonas aeruginosa14.7 , % . 14.7 % of Proteus spp. 2.1 % of Listeria spp while the raw beef meat content 5.55 % of Staphylococcus aureus, 8.14 % of Streptococcus group D , 1.85 % 5.18 % of E.coli, 3.7 % of Proteus spp 1.85 ،% of Salmonella spp1.85% of pseudomonas aeruginosa، . 1.48 % of Bacillus cereus and.1.48 % of Klebsiella spp
Protozoans infection of Cyprinus carpio L. from Bab Al-Muatham fish markets, Baghdad City
Authors: Mansoor Nahla Talib , M. Jawad Al-Shaikh Sadiq
Published: May 2021

During the period from November 2007 untill October 2008, a total of 255 specimens of the cyprinid fish Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, were collected from fish markets east of Baghdad city. Microscopic examination of these fishes revealed that they were infected with five species of ciliated protozoans [Chilodonella cyprini with 1.6% percentage of infestation, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (3.5%), Trichodina domerguei (21.6%), Apiosoma piscicola (0.4%) and Epistylis solidus (1.2%)]. C. carpio is considered as a new host (third host) in Iraq for Epistylis solidus
Pathogenic effect of bunt wheat on male reproductive system in Mices.
Authors: Al-Taie Mustafa A.K.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out to study the toxic effect of smut wheat on male reproductive system of mice. The experimental study was performed in the laboratory using 20 mice, which divided into two groups, one group feed on normal diet, the other fed on a mixture of 50% normal diet with 50% smut wheat. A histopathological study was done on the testes of Mice fed on smut wheat for 30 days. The histopathological study revealed thickness of basement membrane of semiriferous tubule of mice, and desquamation of the sertoli cells and spermatogonium from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubule and has adversely effect on male fertility.
Dystocia In Iraqi Cross Breed cows: causes and Treatment
Authors: Sultan Ali Shalash
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted on 35 Cross breed cows. Three–Six years old suffering from dystocia in various regions of Baghdad province during 1996-2004. The incidence of dystocia was 29.16% (35 /120) from total calving cows. The result showed that the dystocia due to fetal and the dam were 85.71%(30/35) and 14.28%(5/35) respectively.The anterior presentation percentage from fetal dystocia cases was 93.3%(28/30) while the percentage of posterior presentation was 6.6% (2/30) from these cases. Cows delivered male and female calves were formed 77.14% (27/35) and 28.57% (10/35). The calves mortality percentage in both sex was 62.85% (22 / 35). The conclusion suggested that high incidence of dystocia due to fetus was in cows calving male calves .The manual repairing , correction and traction was the best methods when performed early, while Cesarean section was the pervecit especially in the cases accompanied with uterine involution and expulsion of uterine fluids that facilate parturition, as well as fetal over size or that can't be correct manually.
The relationship between Feeding type and exposure to infection with some Ectoparasites of Marmarij Mastacembelus mastacebelus in Baghdad
Authors: Al-Janabi Muhammad Anad Ghazwan
Published: May 2021

40 Mmermrij fish Mastacembelus mastacebelus were collected from different areas in Baghdad , a total of 20 fish from each area; the first 20 from area near a Al Muthanna bridge, and the second from the old Diyala bridge. stomach contents Were taken from these fish and analyzed by the Gel electrophoresis device results showed abandunce of food protein of animal origin, which was identified with the food samples taken from the real environment of these fish. Also two types of parasitic crustaceans were identified which are considered the most common external parasites infected fish ; these were Leranea worms, type Learnea cyprinacea, and fish lice Argulus, type Argulus foliaceus, this is with respect to Almmermrij fish taken from Al Muthanna bridge region.As for the fish brought from the Jisr Diyala area; they were infected by Leranea and free of infection with Argulus , and the severity of infection with Learnea was lower than the first. which shows the disparity of the spread of parasitic crustaceans on fish in both areas because of the different environments and speed of the flow of water in addition to the different seasons of fishing in these two regions.
Isolation and pathological study of Branchiomycosis from the commercial pond of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish, in Governorate of Duhok / Iraq
Authors: Ibrahim Khalid Subhi
Published: May 2021

Branchiomycosis is a fungal disease that infects fish gills. It wasidentified by isolation and histopathological changes of examined gills incommon carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) which, were obtained from fish farm inDuhok Governorate, Iraq. The infected fish were suffering from respiratorydisorders; gulping air at the water surface, rapid movement of operculum andmassive mortality, which resulted in the loss of 95% of fish pond. The gillsappear marbled appearance with necrotic areas on the localized damage gills.The causal pathogen was identified as Branchiomyces sanguinis, in which thediameter of spores and non-septated hyphae are 5-7 μm and 12 – 20 μm,respectively. In histopathological preparation, the spores and the non-septatedhyphae have been shown to be embedded in the gill tissues contained undividedand sporulating stages.
Effect of Nocardia on immune response of Heat Killed Candida albicans Antigen against systemic candidiasis
Authors: Yassein Shaimaa Nabhan
Published: May 2021

This study was undertaken to prepare Heat Killed Candida albicans Antigen (HK-CA) and to investigate it's effect on elicitation of Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH) and protection from virulent Candida challenged in mice, and described the major effect of Nocardia on the immunogenicity of this Ag.Four groups of 6 males Swiss mice for each group were immunized intraperitonialy(I.p)for 10 days at 5 doses(one day intervals) with 1x108 HK-CA plus Nocardia cell sap as adjuvant(CFA),the second group immunized with HK-CA plus Freund incomplete adjuvant,the third group immunized with HK-CA only and the fourth group treated with normal saline. Another group of 6 animals was immunized intranasally(I.n)with HK-CA only with the same doses as previously.Two weeks following the last application of Ag,50% of animals(3 for each group) were challenged intravenously(I.v)with 106 viable C.albicans to assess the protection rate.and the other 50% of mice were used to evaluate the development of DTH response in each immunization methods.Greatly percentage survival was observed when mice immunized with HK-CA plus CFA,which challenged with 106 live C. albicans in comparison with other groups.And also all animals of the 1st group developed highly significant DTH response which was supporyed by marked infiltration and aggregation of lymphocyte in some internal organs that indicate it's intensive involvement in immune response,while in the other groups,mononuclear cells infiltration were present with moderate to less intensive. Clearly,HK-CA in conjunction with Nocardia cell sap as adjuvant afforded significant levels of protection,Furthermore,the noval approach of I.n immunization could used for the development of an effective vaccine
Pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida in Rabbits by Intra-nasal and Intra-ocular infection
Authors: Sarhad Al-Najjar S.
Published: May 2021

In order to study the pathogenesis of the Pasteurella multocida in its natural rout of infection, this study was done to investigate and compare its pathogenesis after intranasal and intraocular infection.Thirty (30) rabbits were divided into three groups, the 1st group (n=12) infected with 240 CFU of Pasteurella multocida intra-nasal, the 2nd (n=12) infected with 240 CFU of P. multocida intra-ocular (eye drop), and the 3rd group (n=6) served as control negative. The animals were sacrificed if they did not die naturally at 24-48hr, 3, 6, 9, 30 day post-infection (p.i.). The results showed dullness of the animals with nasal and ocular discharge and some animals dead at 48hr and 72 hr p.i. (two animals from the 1st group and four animals from the 2nd group). The gross examination of the dead and sacrificed animals showed hemorrhage in the upper respiratory tract with fibrinous pleuropericaditis and emphysematous lung in the 1st group, while the 2nd group showed eye opacity and in some animal’s eye swelling in addition to the feature noticed in the 1st group. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the organs of all the infected animals.The histopathological changes in the 1st group were more intense than the 2nd group and concenterated at the upper and lower respiratory tract as acute hemorrhagic treacheatis with fibrinous pneumonia , while the kidney showed hypercellularity of the glomeruli with cellular degeneration of renal tubule and lymphocytic hepatitis, also there is focal gliosis. Conclusion, intranasal infection was the effective route and the main pathological changes observed in the respiratory system characterized by fibrinous pleuropneumonia.
Isolation and Identification of bacterial isolates from ear infection and their sensitivity to usual antibiotics in human and dogs
Authors: B. S. AL- Nassry
Published: May 2021

Bacterial examination was done on 50 dogs suffering from ear infection. Dogs examined include both sexes and their ages were between 5 months to 5 years, In the other hand 35 ear smears from male and female human in ages between 7-40 years were also taken . Isolation and identification of bacterial isolates were done to determine species of zoonotic bacteria in human and dogs, also study of antibiotics sensitivity to these isolates. We identified 137 bacterial isolates from dogs ear belonge to 9 bacterial spp. which are : S. aureus( 27.7%) , Klebsiella spp. ( 13.8%) , E. coli ( 13.1%) , Streptococcus spp. ( 12.4%) ,P. haemolytica ( 8.2%) , P. vulgaris ( 7.2%) , S. epidermidis ( 6.5%) , Salmonella spp. ( 5.8%) , P. mirabilis ( 5.1%) . In human ear smears 95 isolates were identified to 11 bacterial spp. as follows : S. aureus( 26.3%) , Streptococcus spp. ( 15.7%) , S. epidermidis ( 13.6%) , Citrobacter spp. ( 9.4%) , P. mirabilis ( 8.4%) , Klebsiella spp. ( 6.3%) , P. vulgaris ( 5.2%) , Salmonella spp. ( 5.2%) , P. aeruginosa ( 4.2%) , Shigella spp. ( 3.1%) , E. coli ( 2.1%) . Antibiotic sensitivity to dog isolates show high sensitivity to Imipenem (IPM) then Streptomycin ( S) then Rifampin ( RA) then Clindamycin ( DA) and lowest to Erythromycin ( E) respectively . but most isolates were resistant to Cefotaxime( CTX) then Ampicillin ( AM) then Vancomycin ( VA) and lowest to Trimethoprim ( TMP) respectively . The human isolates show high sensitivity to Imipenem ( IPM ) then Streptomycin ( S ) then Erythromycin ( E ) then Rifampin ( RA) then Clindamycin ( DA) finally Vancomycin ( VA) . but most isolates were resistant to Cefotaxime ( CTX ) then Ampicillin ( AM) finally Trimethoprim (TMP). P. aeruginosa was resistant to all antibiotics except Imipenem ( IPM) , Streptomycin ( S) and Erythromycin ( E)
Screening of Antibacterial Properties for Some Iraqi Plants Against Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Mohammed Huda J.
Published: May 2021

This study was include the investigation of the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract for (12) type of Iraqi plant leaves (Allium porrum L, Apium graveolens Mill., Cassia angustifollia Vahl., Lawsonia inermis L., Lepidium sativum L., Malva sylvestris L., Monthapiperita L., Ocimmum bassillicum L., Pettroselinum crispum Mill., Raphanus sativus L., Sponacia oleraceal. and Trigonella foenum L.). In different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, 100) mg/ml against Salmonella typhimurium in vitro using agar well diffusion method. All ethanolic extract of leaves showed a high activity against this bacterium except of Cassia angustifollia Vahl. as compared with the other extracts. The ethanolic extract of leaves of Petroselinum crispum Mill was showed the best activity with inhibition zone of twenty three mm in the concentration (100) mg/ml. This results confirm the antibacterial activity of these plants, and leaf components which are responsible for this action have to be isolated for using as therapeutic agents.Conclusion: The present investigation together with previous studies provide support to the anti-Salmonella typhimurium properties of studied plant leaves. It can used as antibacterial supplement towards the development of the new chemotherapy . Additional in vivo studies and clinical trails would be needed to justify and further evaluate the potential of these plants as anti-Salmonella typhimurium agent in treatment of infectious diseases caused by this bacteria.
Post Partum Pyometra in Iraqi Goats: Clinical & Therapeutical Study
Authors: M. Al-Hamedawi T.
Published: May 2021

Iraqi goats (27) were used in this study .They were diagnosed clinically as cases of postpartum open pyometra (external &vaginal examination ) .This study was performed in vet med /Baghdad university and two regions from Baghdad province ,their age 2-5years from 2008-2011. They were divided randomly into three groups (9goats of each group) .The 1st group treated with 250 μg of estrumate I/M injected and 2gm (10ml) oxytetracycline 20% intrauterine (I.U).The 2nd group treated with estrumate in same dose and 1tube of Metricure I.U and the 3rd group treated with estrumate and 25ml of0.5% loguls iodine . Results showed that the number of goats responded were 77.7%, 66.6%and 88.8% in the 1st ,2nd and 3rd group respectively . The mean of the days open were 43.12±9.16,148.31±8.24 and 136.42±8.51 in the 1st ,2nd and 3rd group ,1st and 2nd group were significant P<0.01 with 3rd group (decreases) .The number of newly born kids were 32 kids (17male ,15female ). The alive were 27(84.3%) and dead 5(5.7%) .The retention of fetal membrane recorded 4/21 (19.04). In conclusion that the PGF2α (estrumate) has an effect role in the treatment of pyometra in goats and its effect increasing when combined with loguls iodine or oxytetracycline.
Evaluation the efficacy of immunological response in sheep vaccinated with Brucella melitensis strain Rev 1
Authors: AL- Khafaji W. S.
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to identify the efficacy of Brucella melitensis vaccine strain Rev 1 in induction of antibodies by different doses and routes of administration; also to obtain the specificity of the serological tests, the study included 28 ewes divided into four equal groups . the animals of first and second groups vaccinated subcutaneously with 2×109 and 2×107 colony forming units (CFU) respectively while the animals of third and fourth groups vaccinated conjunctively with 2×109 and 2×107 CFU respectively . The sera were collected at zero time, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 24 and 28 weeks of the experiment and the antibodies response were evaluated using classical tests ( Rose Bengal, serum agglutination and 2-mercaptoethanol tests ) compared with competitive ELISA test , and brucellin test was used to detect the cellular response . The results showed that antibody titers were higher and remained for longer period in subcutaneously vaccinated groups in both doses compared with those vaccinated conjunctively and the 2-mercaptoethanol test show the best specificity in all vaccinated groups; also the subcutaneously vaccinated groups recorded significant increase in skin thickness in brucellin test after 12 week post vaccination .There was a significant increase in neutrophils activity for reduction of nitrobluetetrazolium stain in all groups between 2nd and 8th post vaccination
Histological study of the pecten oculi and Cornea of the falcon"s eye ball (circus cyaneus c.)
Authors: Mirhish Shakir Mahmood
Published: May 2021

The histological study of the pecten oculi of falcon eyeball is consists from 11-12 pecten plates connected to the pectin bridge. The pectin oculi extending from optic nerve toward the virtous body. Its characterization are highly visualization and continuous capillary network which infiltrated by melanocyte. The pecten oculi without muscles and nerve fibers. The study revealed that cornea of falcon eyeball was characterized by fine curvature, translucent with peripheral thickness. The cornea occupied the quarter of fibrous tunica. It consists from five layers: - anterior corneal epithelium, Bowman's membrane, stroma, Descement's membrane and endothelium.
Effect of Using Zingiber officinale and Vitamin E on some Reproductive traits of Awassi Male Lamb
Authors: Al-Saigh Mudhaffar N.R.
Published: May 2021

This study was aimed to find out the effect of Zingiber 2.5% and vit.E(administrated a dose of 400mg/head) on some reproductive traits of 18Awassi male lambs. Divided randomly into three groups equally. The resultshowed significant (P<0.05) increase in serum testosterone concentration andsemen traits in animals group one which received ginger and group two wherethe animals received vit E and ginger comparing to the control group , thatvit.E gave better results in these measurements in group two.
Comparison of microbial isolates isolated from external ear canal of sheep and their susceptibility to antibiotics
Authors: Hayyawi Sahar Mahdi
Published: May 2021

One hundred sheep with bilateral otitis externa were studied one year and a half .Theexudates of both external ears obtained using sterile swabs, and microorganisms were isolatedaccording to standard microbiological techniques. There was bacterial and fungal growth inmany of the samples. The total numbers of isolates from right ear was 104 , and the mostcommon pathogens isolated in right ear were Staphylococcus aureus 30.76 % , thenStaphylococcus epidermidis 9.61% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9.61 % while E.coli ,Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pyogenes were 7.69% for each of them , Candidaalbicans 5.76% , Klebsiella pneumonia 3.84% ,Nocardia spp 3.84% , Pasteurella multucida3.84% ,Mannheimia haemolytica 3.84% , Aspergillus spp. 3.84 % and Streptomyces spp.1.23% . The total number of isolates from left ear was 96 ,the most pathogens wereStaphylococcus aureus 27.08% while Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12.5% and Streptococcuspyogenes were 12.5% , Klebsiella pneumonia 8.33 % and Proteus mirabilis 8.33 % ,Staphylococcus epidermidis , Nocardia spp 6.25 % , then Streptomyces spp , Pasteurellamultucida and Mannheimia haemolytica were 4.16% , the last E.coli , Aspergillus spp andCandida albicans were 2.08 % for each of them . The result were showed significantdifferences at level P ˂0.05 between bacteria and fungi isolates, and have no significantdifferences at level P˃ 0.05 between right and left ear . High susceptible rates of grampositive Staphylococcus aureus to (Amoxicillin + Clavulaunic acid) and Chloramphenicolwere 100 % , while high susceptible rates of gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa was90.90 % to Ciprofloxacin, (Amoxicillin+ Clavulaunic acid) and Chloramphenicol .
Pathological effect of Daily Consumption of Indomy on Lung, Kidney and Spleen in Albino Rat
Authors: AL-Saffar Sura Fouad
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes of Indomy pasta for 30 days on lung, kidney and spleen of albino rats. fifteen adult albino rats 200-220 gm was divided into 3 groups: The first group was considered as control group. The second group was fed with Indomy every other day for 30 days; the third group was fed with Indomy every day for 30 days. The histopathogical examination of the kidney show congestion of blood vessels and infiltration with neutrophil in lumen, The histopathological examination of lung showed hyper atrophy of masculares layer of the bronchiole with sever inflammatory cell infiltration mainly neutrophil and mononuclear cell in the wall of bronchioles, and with lumen of the alveoli with fibrous connective tissue proliferation in the parenchyma. Also, increase thickness into intra alveolar septa due to paranchymal cell proliferation and mononuclear cell infiltration which lead to narrow alveolar lumen. The histopathogical examination of spleen shows congestion of the red pulp. From the results of this study it can be conclude that the consumption of Indomy had harmful histopathological effects on kidney, lung and spleen tissues in treated rats.
Immunological Response of Bovine Mammary Cell Lines in Mastitis and Milk Hygiene
Authors: Abd Abdul-Hadi Abbass
Published: May 2021

Mammary adherent cells (MAC-T) were infected with six isolates of Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis). Three isolates were cases of mastitis in dairy cows and belonged to clonal complex 5, 143, which is associated with virulence and three were from cows with no clinical or laboratory evidence of mastitis. All these isolates belonged to clonal complex 86 which contains strains of low virulence. After incubation at 37oC for 24 h, there were no significant differences in the number of adherent or internalized S. uberis between mastitis (M) and non- mastitis (NM) isolates (p> 0.05).The levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), measured in treated MAC-T cells supernatant with S. uberis by ELISA, were significantly elevated in cultures infected with NM isolates compared with M isolates, after 10h (p>0.05) and 24h (p>0.001) respectively. Expression of TNF-α, TLR2, TLR4 and NFkB genes were examined by Real-Time PCR. There are highly significant differences in the timing of expression. The levels of TNF-α mRNA increased 36 fold after 6 hour of infecting cells with M strains, but not in NM strains of S. uberis. These results suggest a vital role for TNF-α, in the defence against S. uberis in the bovine mammary glands.
The effect of Foot and Mouth disease on reproductive performance of Holstein bulls in Artificial Insemination Center of Iraq
Authors: I. AL-Badry K.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out in Artificial Insemination Center of Iraq to revealed FMD disease effect on some seminal attributer parameters of 14 imported Holstein bulls divided to three groups according to different reproductive efficiency (four High, five medium and five weak). Results showed that FMD disease had significant (P < 0.05) adverse effect on most seminal attributer parameters, mass, individual motility and sperm concentration / ml during post disease in first of two, four, all months of high, medium and weak semen quality bulls respectively .but semen volume didn’t influenced significantly with this disease. So semen collection should be suspended until resume normal fertility of sperm, after two, four month of high and medium bulls respectively, and must be revealed weak bulls when disease happen to avoid the failure of conception from artificial insemination and there is no economic benefit to use or keep weak bulls.
The Relationship between ELISA and HI Tests for Determination the Antibodies of Rubbela
Authors: Ali Layla Fouad
Published: May 2021

The study includes (44) blood samples were vaccinated with MMR vaccine. The IgM antibodies of Rubbela Virus were measured by HI test, 22 samples were positive and 22 were negative. These samples were tested by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay ELISA test to determine the relationship between them. The results showed that ELISA test was more sensitivities than Haemagglutination inhibition HI test in determination of rubella specific antibodies, so it is better than HI test in measuring the immune-status of individuals vaccinated with rubella vaccine and there was a positive relationship between ELISA test and HI test and was detected (r= 0.585).
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Tribulus terrestris orally administration on some Biochemical Parameters in Castrated Male Rabbits
Authors: Moosa Abeer Uthman
Published: May 2021

The present study is aimed to investigate the influence of an aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris on some biochemical parameters namely, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Iron, phosphate (PO4), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), aldosterone, and cortico steroid in unilateral and bilateral castrated male rabbits. Thirty mature male rabbits which are divided randomly in to six groups. group 1: is control, group2: orally administrated 150 mg / kg / day of an aqueous extract of T. terrestris, group3: is bilateral castrated rabbits received D. W., group4: is bilateral castrated rabbits received (150 mg / kg / day) of the extract, group 5: unilateral castrated rabbits received D. W., group 6 is unilateral castrated rabbits received 150 mg / kg / day of the extract, all doses were given orally every day for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, sera were collected and biochemical tests measured. The results showed a significant (P<0.05) increased in ALP level in group 2 and in PO4 level in group 5 in comparison with group1, while PO4 level tended to be decreased significantly (P<0.05) in group 6 when it compared with group 5. The results also showed a significant(P<0.05) increased in (K+) and (Na+) in group 2 and group 6 in comparison with group1 while there was a significant(P<0.05) decreased in (K+) and (Na+) in group 4 when it compared with group 2. In addition there was a significant (P<0.05) increased in aldosterone concentration in group 6 compared with group 1 and group 2. While there was a significant decreased in cortico steroid concentration in group 3 , 5 and 2 compared with group 1 but the cortico steroid showed a significant (P<0.05) increased in group 6 compared with group 1. There were no significant differences between groups concerning the iron concentration.
طبيعة تركيب مجتمع الاسماك في بحيرة سد دوكان، شمال العراق
Authors: عباس لؤي محمد
Published: May 2021

درست طبيعة تركيب مجتمع الاسماك في بحيرة سد دوكان شمال العراق للمدة من كانون الأول2007 ولغاية تشرين الثاني في تموز º م 31 في كانون الثاني واعلى درجة حرارة كانت º م 5.6 .تم قياس درجة حرارة الماء و كانت اقل درجة حرارة 2112 غم/لتر) اثناء 1.33 غم/لتر) اثناء شباط واعلى قيمة ( 1.16 . تميزت مياه البحيرة بانها من المياه العذبة وسجلت اقل ملوحة ( 2112 ملغم/لتر) في كانون 5.6 ملغم/لتر) وادنى تركيز ( 12. كانت مستويات الاوكسجين المذاب عالية وسجلت اعلى تركيز (2112آب 52 سمكة بوزن كلي 3115 على التوالي . تم جمع 2112الثاني وتموز 22 كغم. مثل المصيد الكلي 2.6 من الأسماك تعود ً نوعا 16الى خمس عوائل، توزعت الأسماك المصيدة بين الأنواع التجارية ( ) وتميزت بسيادة واضحة وبلغ مجموع أوزانها الكلية ً نوعا م 12% من المصيد الكلي، وبين الأنواع غير تجارية ( 35.23 كغم ومثلت نسبة 562.6 26.66 ) وبلغ مج وع أوزانها الكلية ً نوعا المرتبة الاولى من ناحية الاعداد بنسبة Barbus grypus% من المصيد الكلي. احتلت اسماك الشبوط 3.22كغم ومثلت نسبة %) ثم جاءت اسماك البلعوط 11.5( Carassius auratus%، وتبعتها في ذلك اسماك الكرسين 13.1 Chondrostoma regium الملوكي %). كذلك كانت اعلى الاوزان من نصيب 3.6( Barbus belayewi %) والطويني 3.3 ( Cyprinus %) واسماك الكارب العادي 15( B. esocinus% من المصيد الكلي، وتبعتها اسماك البز 31اسماك الشبوط بنسبة Glyptothorax kurdistani %. بينما جائت اسماك الصقنقور 11.1 )% و القطان بنسبة 16.1( carpio بالمرتبة الاخيرة cus % من المصيد الكلي للاسماك. نستنتج من الدراسة الحالية بان مياه 1.12% واقل الاوزان بنسبة 1.1وسجلت اقل الاعداد بنسبة بحيرة سد دوكان من المياه العذبة ذات تهوية جيدة، وهناك اعداد واوزان وفيرة للاسماك التجارية.
Evaluation of Roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa Flower as a Nutritive Additives on the Productive Performance of Broiler
Authors: Nasrawi Mamdooh A.M.
Published: May 2021

The study included 300 unsexed broiler chicks (Hubbard) were used to evaluate (Roselle Flower) as a feed additives on the productive performance of broiler. The chicks were divided into five groups with three replicates (20 birds in each) and fed on five diets. Diet 1 (control group) dried Roselle flower powder were supplemented to the diet 2, 3, 4 and 5 as 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% respectively. The result revealed that a significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and improvement in feed conversion ratio. Although the differences between groups for edible parts percent were not significant (Heart, Liver and Gizzard). The hematological values PCV%, RBC, WBC and H/L ratio were increased significantly (P<0.05) and cholesterol values decreased significantly as compared with control group. It can conclude that Roselle as other herbal plants may be considered as a feed additive in broiler diet would improve the productive performance, hematological and biochemical values of broiler. Diet Roselle flower supplementation of (1g/kg) might be acceptable for achieving optimum broilers performance.
Effect of crude polyphenol extracted from black olive fruit (olea europae) on some physiological and immunological parameters in Males Rats Treated with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Khalil Luma W.
Published: May 2021

The present study was designed to demonstrate the effect of crude alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive (200 mg/kg) on some physiological and immunological parameters in male rats treated with 1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Twenty rats were divided randomly into four equal groups and treated for (30) days as follows: control group (c) which were given ordinary tap water, first treated group (G1) was given 1% H2O2 in drinking water, the second treated group (G2) was given alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive (200 mg/kg) by oral intubation, third treated group(G3) was given H2O2 and polyphenol. Blood samples were collected after 30 days for measuring the following parameters: Total WBC count, the percentage of WBC differential count (%) ,platelet count ,serum protein ,albumin and globulin , Neutrophil /lymphocyte index, Albumin /Globulin and Phagocytic index. The results showed a significant increase in, total WBC count of polyphenol treated group (G2) and polyphenol compounds plus H2O2, Lymphocyte percentage in both polyphenol (G2) and polyphenol with H2O2 (G3) treated groups ,percentage of neutrophil in H2O2 (G1) group and monocyte percentage in both H2O2 (G1) and H2O2 with polyphenol (G3) groups as compared with control group. Significant depression in platelet count in H2O2 group (G1) as compared with other treated groups was also recorded. The immunological test showed a significant increase in phagocytic index in polyphenol and H2O2 group (G3) as compared with other groups. The result also pointed a significant increase in the concentration of protein and globulin in polyphenol compounds with H2O2 group (G3) and also a significant increase in albumin concentration of group G2, while there was a significant decrease in globulin concentration of H2O2 (G1) group as compared with other groups. On conclusion it seems that treatment with alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive at concentration of 200 mg/kg B.W. has the ability to correct the adverse effect of hydrogen peroxide in male rats.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella species isolate from slaughtered cows in Iraq
Authors: Yousif Afaf Abdulrahman
Published: May 2021

This study was planned to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. One hundred bovine with different age and both sexes at slaughterhouse were examined. Four hundred samples were collected from different internal organ (bile, Liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes). Diagnostic study depended upon the morphological and cultural properties of the isolates on some selective media like Brilliant green, XLD, SS agar which used in addition to different biochemical tests, API-20E )Enterobacteriaceae Identification Kit.). Isolates were serotyped at the Central Public Health Laboratories (National Center of Salmonellae in Baghdad, Iraq). Eleven isolates consisting of Salmonella anatum (9.09%), S.newport (27.27%), S.enteritidis (45.45 %) and S.ohio (18.18%). The percentage of infection were 3% in the mesenteric lymph node and liver, (4%) in bile, and (1%) in spleen. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella against 15 antimicrobial drugs revealed that all isolates were sensitive (100%) to ciprofloxacin and amicacin. And most of isolates were resistance to cloxacillin, cefixime, amoxicillin. and gave intermediate results to neomycin, gentamycin, tetracycline and streptomycin.
Induction of Fertile Estrus in Bitches using Equine Chorionic Gonadotropine (eCG) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropine (hCG)
Authors: Al-Hamedawi Talib M.
Published: May 2021

Eighteen (18) anestrous bitches aged 3-6 years were used in this study. They were diagnosed clinically by external and vaginal examination and the bitches were divided randomly into three equal groups (6 bitches). The 1st group were treated I/M with 20 IU eCG / bitch for 6 days with single injection and 150 IU of hCG hormone /Bitch on day 7 . The 2nd group were treated I/M with 30 IU eCG / bitch for 6 days with single injection and 150 IU of hCG hormone /bitch on day 7, and the 3rd group were treated I/M with 40 IU eCG / bitch for 6 days with single injection and 150 IU of hCG hormone /bitch on day 7. Results showed that the number responded (show proestrus bleeding) were 83.3%, 100% and 83, 3% for the 1st,2nd and 3rd group respectively. The mean duration response from the beginning of treatment to onset of proestrus bleeding were 15.23 ± 2.36, 14.83± 2.43 and 14.16 ±2.58 day respectively .1st and 3rd group recorded significantly P<0.01 higher in response to treatment 1st group recorded significantly higher (P<0.01) compared with 2nd and 3rd group in duration of response. The conception rate was 80% (4/5), 83.3%(5/6) and 60%(3/5) in 1st, 2nd and 3rd group respectively were the 1st and 2nd group recorded higher significant compared with 3rd group. The dystocia parturition was appeared 8.4 % (1/12) from total animals, while the percentage of live newborn (whelps) was 29 (76.3%) and dead 9 (23.7%). In conclusion that the using gonadotrophic hormones (eCG and hCG) have an positive effect of induction the estrus on anestrous bitches.
تأثير الأوزون المذاب في الصورة الدمية لأسماك الكارب الاعتيادي المصابة ببكتريا o Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: جاسم الرديني عبد المطلب
Published: May 2021

120 - 100 بمديات اوزان تراوحت بين Cyprinus carpio أنموذجا من اسماك الكارب الاعتيادي 80 استعمل والصورة الدمية لاسماك Aeromonas hydrophila سم لمعرفة تاثير الاوزون المذاب في بكتريا 12-11اطوال تراوحت سم ) ، قسمت الى 40×40×70 اسماك لكل حوض زجاجي (ابعاد الحوض الواحد 10 التجربة .وزعت الاسماك عشوائيا بواقع ملغم/لتر والرابعة 0.50 ملغم/لتر والثالثة بتركيز 0.25 اربع معاملات اذ استعمل الاوزون المذاب في المعاملة الثانية بتركيز بينما اعتبرت المعاملة الاولى سيطرة غير معرضة الى الاوزون المذاب وبواقع مكررين لكل معاملة ، ملغم / لتر 0.75بتركيز عن طريق الحقن Aeromonas hydrophila اثناء مدة التجربة التي استمرت ثلاثة اسابيع . تم حقن جميع الاسماك ببكتريا غرام من وزن الجسم . اشارت نتائج فحص الصورة 100 /CUF وحدة مكونة للمستعمرة 107 وبجرعة تعادل I/Mالعضلي p الدمية لاسماك التجربة وجود فروقات معنوية ( <) في المعاملات العلاجية مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة . يستنتج من الدراسة 0.01 . Aeromonas hydrophila الحالية امكانية تحسين الصورة الدمية للأسماك المصابة ببكتريا
Evaluation of Midazolam and Ketamine Preceding by Xylazine as General Anesthesia in Rabbits
Authors: Ali Abed F.
Published: May 2021

The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of use xylazine hydrochloride 5mg/kg BW as premedication and a mixture of midazolam and ketamine 3mg/kg BW, 40 mg/kg BW respectively. The effects of combination was estimated before injection drug as control and each15 min until 90min, on the induction of anesthesia, degree of analgesia, respiratory rate, body temperature and type of  recovery. Ten local breed rabbits were used in this study; all animals were done surgical operation (splitting Achilles tenotomy) to evaluated surgical anaesthesia. The result of this combination is reflected good induction of anaesthesia and good analgesia to animals and smooth recovery with miner complication.
Molecular Identification of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in Horses
Authors: Mahmood S. H.
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study to evaluate the existence of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi as probable agents of naturally occurring infection of the equine upper respiratory disease from the Equestrian club in Baghdad city. Nasal swabs and pus samples from 141 horses with upper respiratory tract infections were collected. Results indicated that different microorganisms were isolated and identified S. equi subsp equi (30 isolates), S. equi subsp zooepidemicus (14 isolates), S. equisimilus (9 isolates), Enterococcus. fecalis (17 isolates), Pasteurella spp. (29 isolates), Staphylococcus spp. (25 isolates), Bacillus spp. (24 isolates), Pseudomonas spp.(16 isolates), and E. coli (21 isolates). All 30 isolates of S. equi was characterized by biochemical tests. For molecular identification of the subspecies S. equi one genomic region SeM was amplified.