bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of KNN Algorithm with Mapreduce Technique on Big Data
Authors: Bhavana Tatikonda , Padmavathy J. , Sethuraman R. , Jeevitha J.K.
Published: October 2019

Due the fast growth of new technology application like social media analysis, web data analysis and medical information network analysis, here the various types of data are processed frequently. The large amount of effective data management and analysis is very vital goal. To reduce the data processing complexity, time complexity, and space complexity in Big Data, the paper going to propose the k-nearest neighbor join (KNN) operation. KNN is used to find the K nearest points in S. It is a computational task that will handle the large range of applications such as knowledge discovery or data mining. When the volume and the dimension of data increases, then only distributed approaches can perform the big operations in a given time. Recent works have done on implementing the efficient solutions using the map reduce programming model because it is used for distributing the large scale data processing. Although these works provide different solutions for the same problem, each one has particular constraints and properties. This paper compares the existing of different computation of KNN on MapReduce. First the paper compares the solutions in to three steps for KNN computation on MapReduce: 1) Data processing, 2) Data partitioning and 3) Computation. The Experiment in this paper explains the variety of different data sets, and analyzes the data volume, data dimension and the value of k from many perspectives like time and space complexity, and accuracy.
An Improved Forgery Detection Method for Images
Authors: Tom Tiss , Usha Nandini D. , Princemary S. , Ankayarkanni B.
Published: October 2019

A forgery image detection system is introduced to detect the forgery in images using global, local and pixel based features. Global features will consider the whole images which include luminance and chrominance features. These global features can be extracted by using Zernike moments. The local feature consists of descriptors of multiple interest points. Image authentication is done by using hash method. The set of images will be trained in the database earlier itself. Then the test image and reference image will be compared based on pixels. By analyzing the hash distance the system can identify the test image is forged or not. As an improvement, pixel based feature extraction is used. Pixel based feature extraction is carried out by using supervised classification algorithm.
Bus Ticket System for Public Transport Using QR Code
Authors: Upendra Reddy C. , Vara Prasad Reddy D.L.S. , Srinivasan N. , Albert Mayan J
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we are proposing QR reader for a bus ticket. Users can scan QR reader instead of the ticket. In this app, after registration profile, we have to attach our bank details to this app and add money to the wallet. Whenever we go by bus, we have to select from and to location. Then it will generate amount details for per head. Also, we can buy a ticket for extra members and produces the mean count. It Scans the QR code from the conductor of the bus with a particular ID. Then we can scan QR code. So directly money will transfer from our wallet to transport corporation on basis of conductor ID. Then we will get an SMS alert for ticket payment proof. The admin side (Transport Corporation), they calculate amount details of a particular conductor through using web application. Then they can calculate per day amount details of Transport Corporation for buses.
Sign Sequence based Gesture Recognatiton Using MEMS Accelerometer for Augumentad Reality Applications
Authors: Karthick C , Vino T , Surendra K , Rewanth kumar Reddy L R
Published: October 2019

The Increase in Human Machine Interactions in our daily life is getting important day by day. Physical gesture will greatly ease the interaction process and enable humans to more naturally command the machinery like computers. In this hand gestures are mostly used as the control mechanism in virtual reality. To ease these physical gestures MEMS accelerometer can be used which can recognize the several hand gestures. In the real world the physical gesture machinery control is already in existence such as vision system or data glow but these are relatively expensive. By the usage of MEMS, the cost can be reduced and method can be implemented more effectively.

This project deals with an accelerometer-based gesture recognition application. This application consists of a tri-axial accelerometer and same is connected to raspberry pi through wire. The triaxial accelerometer measures the acceleration signals generated by a users hand motions to identify the character. The code for application program in raspberry pi is written using python programming language. The text is displayed on the monitor of the PC.
Review on Fir Filter Architecture Design and its Computational Blocks
Authors: Teja Satyanarayana P. , Lakshman Kumar Reddy P. , Ravi T. , Karthikeyan S.
Published: October 2019

Low power VLSI circuit employed applications power consumption and high performance, the area is crucial in DSP. A filter is used in almost all electronic devices that function on signals. They are used to extract the useful part from the input signal and the required part of signal reaches the receiver. This paper is mainly focussed on the survey of different architecture design for FIR filter. The different performances such as speed, complexity, PDP, ADP, are reviewed.
Implementation of Li-Fi Technology in Classrooms
Authors: Apoorv Shubhendu , Kumar Bhowmick Sudharshan , Annadevi E.
Published: October 2019

In this paper the implementation of Li-Fi technology in classrooms has been investigated. It is well known that the visual information is better perceived by the brain as compared with the textual information. Using visuals to explain a concept helps student get a better perception about the topic. To ensure the best of the visual experience, there is a big need of an efficient way of communication between the devices used by students and the teacher.The traditional methods like Wi-Fi or wired connections are not much efficient due to the speed limitation and other factors. Light fidelity, also known as Li-Fi is a type of data transmission technology which uses light rays to transmit data. By implementation of this technology, high volume of data can be transmitted at extremely high speed as it gives higher bandwidth. It also ensures efficiency, security, as well as the mobility of the device. Hence, we are looking to implement this technology to enhance the learning experience of the students. Every student gets a visual input on what, when, where and how anything happens and the concepts are understood easily and thoroughly. Also, it is cheap and safe to the human body.
Design and Implementation of C III Filter for Measuring Disruption in Aditya Tokamak
Authors: Jegan Antony Marcilin L. , Nandhitha N.M. , Sam Gayathri , Gladies Jaya Chitra M.
Published: October 2019

The main objective of this project is to filter carbon gas among many other gases emitted from the plasma in Aditya Tokamak. The aim is to measure the disruptions released by plasma due to some unpredictable conditions. C3 filter detects carbon gases from the various gases emitted from the plasma in Aditya Tokomak. The filter is to be designed with 5-6 layers of the material chosen. Then the signal segmentation for transmittance vs. wavelength is to be achieved using MATLAB software.
To Effectively Control the Workload by Hierarchical Approach
Authors: Jany Shabu S.L. , Bhaskarreddy B. , Sreekanth A.
Published: October 2019

The productive administration of geologically dispersed server farms has turned into an imperative issue not just for huge organizations that claim a few destinations, yet additionally because of the rising of between Cloud foundations that permit heterogeneous server farms to coordinate. These conditions open phenomenal roads for the help of a colossal measure of workload, yet they require the meaning of novel calculations and methodology for their administration, where adaptability is a need. The intricacy determines by the span of the framework and by the requirement for achieving a few and some of the time clashing objectives, among which: stack adjusting among various destinations, anticipation of dangers, workload union, and decrease of costs, expended vitality and carbon outflows. In this paper a various leveled approach is displayed, which protects the self-rule of single server farms and in the meantime takes into consideration a coordinated administration of heterogeneous platforms. The system is deliberately nonexclusive yet can be customized to the particular prerequisites of single situations. Exhibitions are examined for a particular Cloud framework made out of four server farms.
Automatic Door Opening using Quantitative Gait Algorithm
Authors: Mathumitha S. , Arunraja A.
Published: October 2019

Quantitative Gait algorithm provides a system to identify a person from a distance. This project identifies three types of systems : Detection, Recognition and Control to open the Door.The initial process is extracting the forefront facial (human) images are converted into ordinary binary silhouette, it is captured from each frame in burst mode. The images are converted into values and stored in the database. In the process at real time, the facial recognition is done by comparing with the database. From the results it can also be observed that the person identified by raspberry pi camera and is done mainly for security purpose. This proposed system is more efficacious, consistently good in quality, and it utilize very less amount of data and power that is compared to the other existing systems. This project indicates that very better sensitivity, specificity and also the execution time of Quantitative Gait algorithms which is implemented in ARM processor therefore the results are obtained using MATLAB software.
Raspberry-Pi Based Secure Systems in Car
Authors: Sharmiladevi S. , Kasiselvanathan M. , Vimal S.P.
Published: October 2019

Automotive accidents leads to not only mortality of people but also causes financial cost to both people and society. This special issue is focused on reviewing history and background of automotive system by presenting recent developments. This paper aims at giving an overview of implementing safety and security system in car for today and future development. The key enabling technology for active safety system includes drowsiness detection and Anti pinch window’s effect. Other proposed concepts to be implemented are seat belt detection and alcohol detection. Driver’s drowsiness is monitored using technique called image processing and it is processed through MATLAB but the main constraint in this technique is that processing speed on hardware. The idea proposed in this paper is that Open CV library is used for real time facial images analysis to warn the drowsiness of driver in order to prevent traffic accidents. Anti-pinch window system helps to avoid injuries because of power window. Seat belt alert system gives an audio output to wear seat belts for safety. Finally Alcohol detection detects a drunken driver and it will send a message to the nearby police station along with the details of the vehicle and its position. The proposed system does all the above features with the help of a Raspberry-Pi, camera and few sensors in its hard ware part along with coding computations through python which has the advantage of continuous monitoring at minimal cost thereby preventing accidental injuries to a great extent.
Thermoelectric district supply concept including e-mobility
Authors: Mack A , Lackovic L , Lisin W , Blatt C , Garrecht H
Published: October 2019

The main objective of the environmental protection is the sustainable energy supply of residential areas. This is made possible by networking several buildings in the same district in order to produce a sustainable, efficient and self-sufficient supply of electrical and thermal energy. The second elementary topic is the conversion from combustion engines to electric mobility, i.e. from thermal to electrical energy. A novel concept of networking different storage facilities, energy producers and consumers will enable a sustainable, self-sufficient energy supply for districts. A special feature of this energy management design is networking of electrical and thermal systems with subsequent integration of electro-mobility into the districts plant system. Energy consumption and energy generation were simulated in an exemplary project of a district containing three new low-energy buildings. The results show that a self-sufficient supply of this district is possible with intelligent control of charging cycles and charging capacity and with the use of a new storage facility for electrical energy - a Compressed Air Energy Storage system. This model concept makes not only a considerable contribution to the electro-mobility conversion, but also enables an energy-efficient and sustainable electrical and thermal supply of the district.
Numerical study of reinforced concrete slabs under extreme loading conditions: Impact and fire
Authors: Ožbolt J , Ruta D , Irhan B
Published: October 2019

In the present paper, the influence of thermally induced damage of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs on their impact properties are numerically investigated. The RC slabs are first pre-damaged through fire load and then loaded by the impact of hammer. Transient 3D finite element (FE) thermo-mechanical analysis is performed. Subsequently, impact simulation is conducted based on the explicit multi-body dynamic analysis and contact algorithm with adaptive element deletion technique. As a constitutive law for concrete rate and temperature, dependent microplane model is employed. The co-rotational Cauchy stress tensor and Green-Lagrange strain tensor are used in the framework of total Lagrange FE formulation. The numerical results are discussed and compared with those obtained experimentally. It is shown that pre-damage of RC slab through fire reduces the impact resistance of the slabs, and that the simulation is able to realistically replicate the experimental tests.
Long-term monitoring of spillway using various NDT techniques-case studies
Authors: Hsu K-T , Cheng C-C , Chiang C-H , Ke Y-T , Cheng J-S
Published: October 2019

The erosion under a spillway can be a long-term issue that threatens the structural integrity of a water reservoir. The heavy rainfall associated with storms or typhoons could cause a serious flood if the spillways do not function properly. The spillway under investigation was suspected to be defective after they had been commissioned in 1987. Potholes and subsurface cavities were confirmed in the safety assessment using various NDT techniques including ground penetrating radar and impact echo. The engineering team applied the repair project that aimed to remedy the deteriorating concrete structure. The GPR inspection was able to differentiate the repaired region from the cavities under concrete slabs. The results were verified against other measurement data obtained independently. Hence, the GPR technique is effective for quality check of grouting repair of spillways. Repetitive GPR scans were also carried out after the rehabilitation of spillways. Not only the quality of repair can be evaluated, but the scans were also provided as the baseline record for long-term condition assessment of the spillway-reservoir system in the future.
Determining duration of performance-based contracts based on fair payoff for the government and contractors
Authors: Tjendani H T , Oetomo W , Wiguna IPA , Anwar N
Published: October 2019

Conventional contracts are one of the road maintenance contracts based on the number of jobs measured and paid at an agreed level for different work items or referred to as unit price contracts. Meanwhile, performance-based road maintenance determines the minimum conditions of roads, bridges, and traffic assets that must be fulfilled by contractors. National road maintenance in several developed countries has successfully used integrated contracts, performance-based contracts. This is followed by the developing countries that previously had problems with the quality of national roads in which they were unable to provide the desired level of service. This performance contract prioritizes products and it is up to the contractor how to achieve this. Therefore, the choice of design, application of technology, innovation, process, and management are all determined by the contractors. This allocates higher risks to contractors compared to traditional contracts. But at the same time, it opens opportunities to increase margins where increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of design, process, technology, and management can reduce costs to achieve established standard performance. This study uses simulations to obtain the duration of fair and optimal contracts for the government and contractor. Duration 5-7 years is determined a duration that can provide benefits for both parties.
The economic benefit of toll road investment on the performance of the industry sectors in West Java Province
Authors: Sembiring I S , Anas R
Published: October 2019

Toll road infrastructure investment will affect the production sector, where the role of transportation is to be the logistics function of the manufacturing industry. The government policy based on the acceleration of toll road investment is expected to boost production performance. The local government is expected to provide support by increasing the economic potential of the region along with the policy. This research tends to describe the contribution of the toll road infrastructure investment in the Manufacturing Industry Sector in West Java Province. The empirical data result shows the difference of the significant efficiency level of the Manufacturing Industry Sector from connected district areas/cities compared to the areas that are not connected to the toll road (+ 6%). With the T-test Pair analysis, there is a significant difference against the value of efficiency level for the areas that are connected to the toll road from the Manufacturing Industry Sector once the Cipularang Toll Road begins to operate (+ 4%).
Slope structural health monitoring method against rainfall-induced shallow landslide
Authors: Koizumi K , Oda K , Komatsu M , Ito S , Tsutsumi H
Published: October 2019

The structural health monitoring of a slope against rainfall-induced shallow landslides has become an important issue in Japan with the recent instances of extreme weather. In particular, the early detection of a sudden rainfall-induced shallow landslide is well known to be relatively difficult compared with that of a slow-moving landslide. Thus, local governments or civil-structure management companies provide residents or users with early warning information of a disaster via rainfall-based data. However, rainfall information is not enough to predict the risk of individual slope disasters because it does not directly reflect the soil-moisture condition of a slope. To solve this problem, a soil moisture-based index (iQS) is proposed. The applicability of iQS in a real slope was evaluated using the result obtained by monitoring a real slope during heavy rainfall along an expressway. The monitoring results of the real slope were seen to agree well with the results of past laboratory experiments. This implies that slope deformation owing to the rise in water level does not occur unless the volumetric water content exceeds the IQS of the real slope. Based on this result, iQS can be used for predicting the risk of shallow landslides at an early stage.
Investigation of the gradation effect on ballast mechanical behaviors by means of discrete element modeling - part 2
Authors: Wang B , Martin U , Rapp S , Schuk V
Published: October 2019

The ballast gradation has a strong influence on the mechanical behaviour of ballast aggregates. Discrete Element Method (DEM) based simulations are performed to investigate the gradation effect of ballast aggregates on their settlement, ballast position rearrangement, breakage rate and void ratio. In the second part of this article, DEM based simulations are performed to investigate the gradation effect of ballast aggregates on their settlement, ballast position rearrangement, breakage rate and void ratio (Part 2). The results indicate that the settlement and the ballast position rearrangement increase with the decrease of the averaged ballast size of a ballast aggregate, whereas the void ratio decreases. Besides, the breakage and the ballast position rearrangement occur mainly with the dynamic loading rather than the static loading. Based on the simulation result, appropriately enlarged ballast stones will benefit not only the stability, but also the hydraulic conductivity of ballast aggregates. The gained result can be used for the optimization of ballast aggregate regarding to its gradation, so that its service cycle can be prolonged.
Analysis of earthquake structure on a traditional wooden house of Mandailing
Authors: Irma N N , Syahreza A , Hari A W
Published: October 2019

Most regions in Indonesia have the potential for earthquakes, including Mandailing. Traditional wooden house of Mandailing was established without the expertise of an engineer and architect. The aim of the study was to identify the wooden structures against seismicity to obtain an efficient and contextual wood construction for earthquakes. Therefore, it is important to observe and analyse the structure of buildings through seismic approaches and alternative solutions to the sustainability of construction. The research method was an experimental using SAP2000 simulations. It was to identify the performance of columns and beams as the main structures that require reinforcement and experience friction. The data analysis showed that the building had a mass of 355.484 kN with a static shear force of 150.0142 kN and a dynamic shear force of 693.274 kN, while the vibrating period of the Mandailing traditional wooden houses structure had a T = 0.94267 seconds value. In other words, the SAP2000 modelling results illustrate that the displacement which occurs in buildings with an earthquake scale factor of 10 is still within the safety limits. Thus, the buildings are flexible to earthquake movements, and damages in the buildings can be minimized.
Safety reduction in anchor groups due to uneven crack distribution
Authors: Di Nunzio G , Muciaccia G
Published: October 2019

In the present paper, the safety reduction in anchor groups composed of cast-in place headed anchors was experimentally investigated. In particular, groups of two anchors were installed in concrete members designed such that one of the anchors was located in a crack and the other one in plain concrete. The samples were loaded in tension, thus simulating a connection with clamped rotation under both monotonic and cyclic conditions. The results are commented and discussed demonstrating how the presence of uneven crack distribution could lead to a safety reduction, which should be properly taken into account in the design of anchor groups.
Testing setup to examine punching shear strength in Self-Compacting Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SCFRC) ribbed slabs
Authors: Fodzi N H M , Mohd Hashim M H , Mhd Radzi M S
Published: October 2019

The punching shear resistance and behaviour of self-compacting fibre reinforced concrete (SCFRC) of flat slab were studied in the previous research. Currently, there is limited information available on the ribbed slab, without conventional reinforcement, and using SCFRC as the main material. The extensive convolution of the punching shear behaviour within the concrete and structure itself, and insufficient appropriate test method ascribed to the conventional reinforcement are being used. Hence, the testing setup, to examine the punching shear resistance and behaviour of the ribbed slabs by using SCFRC, was carried out. The substantial experiment on the SCFRC ribbed slabs, prone to punching shear failure, with the designed test arrangement was employed. The association between the punching shear load and the angle of the shear plane, the critical value of the basic control perimeter and the failure mode were studied and analysed from the results obtained. This research gives insight into the punching shear capacity of SCFRC ribbed slabs. The results exemplify and accentuate the advantages of using SCFRC, compared to the normal concrete in structural designs. The punching shear test presented here has established itself as a suitable procedure for testing SCFRC, and potentially, other fibre reinforcement composites.
Application of the 3D chemo-hygro-thermo mechanical model on existing bridges exposed to chlorides and mechanical damages
Authors: Kušter Marić M , Ožbolt J , Balabanić G
Published: October 2019

Bridge engineering world practice has showed that implicit method of service life prediction, relying on sufficient quality and depth of concrete cover, do not guarantee a 100- year structure lifetime without major, complex and expensive repair works. Bridges exposed to harsh combination of mechanical (static, dynamic, cyclic loading) and environmental (sea salts, de-icing agencies, freeze - thawing cycles, etc.) actions are particularly vulnerable. Two such case studies: Krk Bridge and Maslenica Bridge located in aggressive maritime environment will be analysed in the paper including in-service performance and comparison between measured values on bridges and numerical results obtained by two numerical models for service life prediction: the 3D chemo-hygro-thermo mechanical (3D CHTM) model implemented into the finite element code MASA and the Life-365 model. Both models are capable to realistically predict chloride content in concrete after long-term exposure to seawater. However, the 3D CHTM model, which considers cracks and damage in concrete, anticipates the beginning of steel reinforcement depassivation much more precisely than the other model which doesn’t take concrete damage and cracks into account.
Experimental and numerical comparison of bio-based and conventional phase change materials for thermal storage applications
Authors: Lackovic L , Garrecht H
Published: October 2019

In the paper, the performance of two phase change materials (PCMs) is evaluated numerically and experimentally. Technical requirements, size limitations and time response of the PCM present crucial boundary conditions when choosing the right material and storage type in the residential sector. The latent heat thermal energy storage system analysed in this paper is a modified shell-and-tube type of heat exchanger using paraffin wax RT-28-HC and a bio-based substance PureTemp28 as phase change materials with heat storage capacity of 255 and 190 kJ/kg, respectively. Their phase change transition temperatures are between 27 and 29 °C which makes them suitable for domestic applications together with underfloor heating and heat pump units. In order to properly validate the simulation results, a corresponding machine with the similar initial and boundary conditions has been set up. Additionally, to account for all possible impacts on the performance of the PCM, thermal storage unit was equipped with 24 radially distributed temperature sensors, a pump with variable rotational speed and a water supply machine that operates in temperature ranges from -50 to 150 °C. The results from the experiment exhibit very good correlation with the numerical simulations concerning the charging and discharging times.
Study on performance of lightweight concrete bricks with a ratio of sand and cement composition
Authors: Maizir H , Suryanita R , Arditama R
Published: October 2019

Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) brick is a material composition for wall building made of Portland cement, water, and fine aggregate blended with a foaming agent. The weight of the brick is light due to the air cavities formed in the CLC brick. The number composition of sand and cement in the CLC brick could improve the strength of the bricks. Thus, it is essential to find out the sand and cement consumption in order to improve the rate of brick strength. The study aims to improve the strength of the CLC bricks with the different composition of the material and to find out the index properties of the CLC bricks with the variable component of the materials. The study used an experimental work in the material laboratory with two variations of the material composition. The first variation is mixing concrete for the ratio of cement and sand of 1:2, while the second variation is mixing concrete for cement and sand ratio of 2:3. The wet density of the CLC brick is about 800-900kg/m3, and the average compressive strength test was conducted at ages 3, 7, 14, and 28 days for each test. Three identical specimens were prepared for each test. The study resulted in the 28-day strength of the CLC brick with a mass ratio of cement to sand 1:2 of 0.52 MPa, and the strength of the CLC brick with a mass ratio of cement to sand 2:3 was 0.68 MPa. The first variation was lower by 24.5% than the second variation in terms of strength. The higher cement consumption used into the mixed can make porosity of the specimen decrease, and then the strength of the specimen will improve.
Mechanical properties of crumb rubber-rice husk ash concrete as a rigid pavement material
Authors: Abdurrahman H , Wibisono G , Qoryati M , Sitompul I R , Olivia M
Published: October 2019

Waste tyres accumulate very quickly in a landfill as a result of the fast development of the transport industry, and mainly automobiles. The polymeric waste has limited usage and is rarely employed in a highly economic and viable product. A rigid pavement material needs to have high mechanical properties and durability when exposed to aggressive environments. In this research, a combination of waste tyre with rice husk ash and Portland Cement Composite (PCC) as a primary binder was designed to produce concrete that meets the requirements of flexural strength value of the rigid pavement based on the Indonesian Standard from Bina Marga 2018. Eight mixes with a variety of water/cement ratio (0.30-0.40), crumb rubber (2.5-7.5%), and rice husk ash (7.5-10%) were designed in this research. The control mix was PCC concrete. The crumb rubber substituted the fine aggregate content, while the rice husk ash replaced the cement content in concrete. The specimens were cast and subsequently cured in water pond up to 28 days. The mechanical properties of concrete, namely compressive strength and flexural strength were determined for all variations. Based on the results, Mix 1 with w/c ratio of 0.30, crumb rubber of 5%, and rice husk ash of 10%, performed both the highest compressive strength and flexural strength values of 36.38 MPa and 4.53 MPa, respectively, after 28 days. Both values fulfilled the requirements of the Indonesian Standard Bina Marga 2018. It can be concluded that an appropriate combination of crumb rubber and rice husk ash improves the mechanical properties of the concrete and has potential as a rigid pavement material.
Recognition of track defects through measured acceleration - part 1
Authors: Bahamon-Blanco S , Rapp S , Rupp C , Liu J , Martin U
Published: October 2019

For an optimized maintenance strategy, the early detection of track defects is necessary. Mounted sensors (e.g. acceleration sensors) on in-service trains are very suitable for track monitoring. With the continuous measurement of axle-box acceleration, short wavelength defects can be identified. For example, these defects can be rail breaks or cracks (i.e. rail defects), or local instabilities. Local instabilities can reduce the track quality in a short period of time. For an efficient data analysis of the acceleration signal and classification of different track defects, the development of appropriate methods is necessary. Therefore, a track-vehicle scale model was built to generate acceleration data used to detect typical types of failures. With the generated acceleration data, developed algorithms for pattern recognition can be easily tested. In the first part of this research, the vertical acceleration signals generated by the rail defects and local instabilities are collected, analysed, classified and prepared for being used in a model that can automatically identify these failures. The data is collected in a track-vehicle scale model, and after data analysis, the characteristics of the waveforms associated with each failure are examined using cross correlation. Every failure is classified both manually as well as automatically, and statistical features of the waveforms are extracted to create a database that is used to train a model using supervised learning. This model is described in the second part of the research.
Recognition of track defects through measured acceleration - part 2
Authors: Bahamon-Blanco S , Rapp S , Rupp C , Liu J , Martin U
Published: October 2019

For an optimized maintenance strategy, the early detection of track defects is necessary. Mounted sensors (e.g. acceleration sensors) on in-service trains are very suitable for track monitoring. With the continuous measurement of axle-box acceleration, short wavelength defects can be identified. For example, these defects can be rail breaks or cracks (i.e. rail defects), or local instabilities. Local instabilities can reduce the track quality in a short period of time. For an efficient data analysis of the acceleration signal and classification of different track defects, the development of appropriate methods is necessary. Therefore, a track-vehicle scale model was built to generate acceleration data for typical types of failures. With the generated dataset, developed algorithms for pattern recognition can be easily tested. In the second part of this research, three models created by the supervised learning method are trained and tested for the detection of the local instability in the vertical acceleration signal. The model A is trained with 78 laps and uses a manual classification. The chosen classifier for the model is a bagged tree algorithm implemented in the software MATLAB. The developed models distinguished between no failure, rail defect and local instability. For the training process of the model, the measured acceleration is treated statistically (e.g. Root-mean-square, Standard deviation, Spectral peaks and power). Subsequently test data for different scenarios is generated and used in the prediction model. With this model the track defects in the track-vehicle scale model are detected and classified very reliably. In contrast to existing methods, a machine learning approach is used for the non-destructive detection of the local instability. The results of the model are also improved by the model B and C by using 139 laps as training data, an automatic classification and an optimization of the statistics. The knowledge gained, can be used for acceleration data from in­service trains in regular operation, by adapting the developed model.
Invasion of China’s Traditional Architecture: A Review
Authors: Qing Xia , Hafizal Bin Mohd Isa Mohd , Azhar Bin Ghazali Muhamad
Published: October 2019

In the process of China’s rapid urbanization, the issue of ‘uniformity in Architectural identity’ has become more serious, while traditional Chinese architectures are replaced by alien buildings. Since 1978, the Chinese government has implemented a series of open policies that have stimulated economic development, driven the development of architecture and changed China’s architectural style. Many countries in the context of globalization are inevitably obscured by their own characteristics, especially China. Contemporary Chinese architecture is completely modern and has lost its traditional identity and mainly has Western-style appearances. Chinese traditional architecture has almost withdrawn from the stage of building construction. This paper aims to review the reasons for the current status of Chinese architecture. The formation of China’s current construction status has internal reasons in China, and there are also reasons for globalization as the background of China’s construction and development. It was found that in recent years, a few architects have begun to pay attention to the construction and development of traditional Chinese architecture. It is hoped that China can continue to develop while not forgetting and abandoning its own traditions, and not losing its own characteristics and identity. The inheritance and development of traditional architecture is also the inheritance and development of culture. Even in the context of globalization, any country should strive not to lose its culture and identity.
Effectiveness of Local Waste Materials as Organic-Based Coagulant in Treating Water
Authors: Zaidi N S , Muda K , Abdul Rahman M A , Sgawi M S , Amran A H
Published: October 2019

The adequacy of chemicals as coagulants such as alum is all around perceived. Nevertheless, there are numerous drawbacks related with the use including high operational costs, impeding impacts on human wellbeing and generation of huge sludge volumes. In this manner, it is crucial to supplant these chemical coagulants with organic-based coagulants to minimize the downsides. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the suitability of selected local wastes in becoming organic-based coagulant as to treat raw water. Regarding choice of organic-based coagulants, this study focused on the local waste materials, which are chestnut peels, bagasse and maize cobs. These waste materials were prepared by washing, drying, grinding lastly sieving in obtaining powder of coagulants ready to be used. A jar test was then performed to decide the effect of individual characteristic coagulants on the effectiveness of turbidity removal under different working variables of pH and coagulant dosage. Based on the findings, bagasse contributed to the highest yield of 79.5% followed by chestnut and maize cob. From the jar test experiments, the optimum dosage of 90 mg/L and pH 7.5 was obtained. At these optimizations, highest turbidity removal of 97.3% was recorded by bagasse compared to the other tested natural coagulants. This showing that bagasse as one of the representatives of organic wastes has the potential to physically treat the water. Keywords: Organic-based coagulant; Organic wastes; Coagulant dosage; Turbidity removal.
Adaptive reuse approaches of Shophouses at Cannon Street in George Town, Penang.
Authors: Abdulhameed N , Mamat M J , Zakaria S A
Published: October 2019

George Town has many heritage buildings as a UNESCO World Heritage Site that need to be preserved due to their status. Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is a common method of building conservation and should be done in maximum retention with minimal intervention by applying the right materials with the appropriate approach. This paper focuses on the four approaches of adaptive reuse that were applied to Shophouses at Cannon Street in George Town, Penang. The data was collected from a survey on ten Shophouses in Cannon Street, Penang. The findings of this research point to the common approach of adaptive reuse in Shophouses that has been used as the Preservation approach.
Adoption of Social Media by Architecture Students in Fostering Community Service Initiative using Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Gunasagaran Dr. Sujatavani , Tamilsalvi Mari Dr. M , Srirangam Dr. Sucharita , Kuppusamy Dr. Sivaraman
Published: October 2019

The use of the Internet for social networking is very popular amongst the youth. Collaborative technology leads to instant online community that enables fast and convenient communication. Adoption of Social Media has been researched on many contexts. However, little research has paid close attention to the student’s acceptance of Social Media (SM) as e-learning in higher educational teaching, especially in architectural education. This study aims to investigate factors that affect acceptance and behaviour of architecture undergraduate students towards the usage of SM. A quantitative method was used and qualitative responses of 33 architecture students using social media in their elective module, Community Service Initiative (CSI), was analyzed using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). TAM model for this study focused on social norm (SN) as an external factor, the two user beliefs, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) and behavioural intention to use (BI). Factor Analysis and Pearson Correlation showed significant relationship between social norm, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and behavioural intention to use. The results of this study provided evidence for the potential use of social media as e-learning in similar modules.
Creating Secured Residential Places: Conflicting Design Elements of Natural Surveillance, Access Control and Territoriality
Authors: Seifi M , Abdullah A , Haron S , Salman A , Seifi M
Published: October 2019

Territoriality, natural surveillance and accesses control are the preeminent strategies of most place-based crime prevention theories and practices. They have been extensively applied as non-detachable part of defensible space and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). Even though, a large body of knowledge confirms the effectiveness of these three strategies in preventing residential burglaries, yet, they frequently diminish each other’s effect. Besides, there are divergent views about their implementation, which often brings about contradictory designs and planning decisions, all of which have left architects and planners with a state of ambiguity on hiring felicitous physical elements which prevent burglaries. Hence, the current paper aims to find the design elements of the CPTED strategies which are in conflict in creating security. The study employs the qualitative method of systematically reviewing and critically analysing the literature on the subject. Conjointly, the physical features and design elements of natural surveillance, access control, and territoriality are extracted from the evidence in the literature. The results of the analysis show that the design elements of natural surveillance and access control are more recognized and employed since they are easier to understand as compared to territoriality. Furthermore, it was found that some of the physical elements of access control territoriality conflict with surveillance design elements or diminish the effects of natural surveillance on burglary prevention. Conversely, the social aspects of territoriality design strengthen the effects of natural surveillance. Therefore, the study concludes that the burglary prevention design should consider all the strategies simultaneously. Hence, it is recommended to combine the physical aspects of natural surveillance and access control with the social aspects of territoriality for successful burglary prevention. This study contributes to the body of knowledge related to CPED by shedding light on the deployment of its main strategies without conflict in their effects. However, there is a need for furthered evidence of the design elements of natural surveillance, access control, and territoriality. Only a thorough examination and comparison of the impacts of their design elements on a residential burglary in a single context could further confirm the literature findings of the present study.
Graded circular Bragg reflectors: a semi-analytical retrieval of approximate pitch profiles from Mueller-matrix data
Authors: Mendoza-Galván Arturo , Järrendahl Kenneth , Arwin Hans
Published: October 2019

Graded pitch profiles are found in structurally chiral materials like cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) and in the cuticle of some scarab beetles. In most cases, the pitch profile is determined from electron microscopy techniques. Recently, it was shown that approximate pitch profiles in the cuticle of scarab beetles can be retrieved through an analysis of the spectral dependence of maxima and minima in normalized Mueller-matrix data. The analysis relies on basic concepts of interference in thin films, properties of optical modes in chiral systems, and the condition for circular Bragg reflection. In this work, the consistency of the procedure is demonstrated by analysis of normalized Mueller matrices of circular Bragg reflectors calculated for three predefined pitch profiles with (1) a stepwise decrease, (2) a stepwise increase and, (3) an exponential increase. The procedure does not require knowledge of the full Mueller matrix and can be used for non-destructive analysis of pitch in CLC, beetle cuticle and similar structures.
Analysis of dosing-button compliance
Authors: Picone Mary Frances , New James P , Johnson Matthew Hunter , Desai Nihal Nilesh , Hebbard Matthew
Published: October 2019

Purpose

A project was undertaken at an academic medical center to assess use of available dosing buttons within the computerized provider-order-entry (CPOE) system in order to identify opportunities for optimization of medication builds.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted to identify medication records within a CPOE system meeting prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. A report capturing all inpatient adult medication orders associated with the identified medication records over a 6-month period was generated. The primary endpoint was percent dosing-button compliance, calculated as the number of orders with doses consistent with existing dosing-button options divided by the total number of orders during the study period. Secondary study objectives included a comparison of high- and low-performing medication record samples and identification of potential reasons for lack of dosing-button use.

Results

A total of 2,506 CPOE medication records associated with a total of 694,877 medication orders entered during the study period were analyzed. Median percent dosing-button compliance was 99.92% (interquartile range, 83.33–100%). High-performing records (n = 1243) were more likely to be associated with anti-infective medications (p = 0.041) and medications not on formulary at the study institution (p < 0.001). Medications in the sample of poor-performing CPOE records (n = 614) were more likely to be agents delivered via the i.v. route (p < 0.001). There were 45 records for which poor dosing-button compliance was attributed to lack of a clinically reasonable dosing option.

Conclusion

A high level of dosing-button compliance was demonstrated despite the lack of routine revalidation of dosing buttons after initial medication builds. Some opportunity for optimization was identified during the project, which established a quality assurance method to facilitate future auditing of medication builds.
Patch-DCA: improved protein interface prediction by utilizing structural information and clustering DCA scores
Authors: Vajdi Amir , Zarringhalam Kourosh , Haspel Nurit
Published: October 2019

Motivation

Over the past decade, there have been impressive advances in determining the 3D structures of protein complexes. However, there are still many complexes with unknown structures, even when the structures of the individual proteins are known. The advent of protein sequence information provides an opportunity to leverage evolutionary information to enhance the accuracy of protein–protein interface prediction. To this end, several statistical and machine learning methods have been proposed. In particular, direct coupling analysis has recently emerged as a promising approach for identification of protein contact maps from sequential information. However, the ability of these methods to detect protein–protein inter-residue contacts remains relatively limited.

Results

In this work, we propose a method to integrate sequential and co-evolution information with structural and functional information to increase the performance of protein–protein interface prediction. Further, we present a post-processing clustering method that improves the average relative F1 score by 70% and 24% and the average relative precision by 80% and 36% in comparison with two state-of-the-art methods, PSICOV and GREMLIN.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/BioMLBoston/PatchDCA

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.