bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodiesel production from Vitex doniana (black plum) seed oil via a two-step catalyzed transesterification
Authors: Ndukwe Gloria Ihuoma , Ndukwe Gloria Ihuoma , Ugboaja Anselem Tochukwu
Published: July 2020

Increasing global energy demands have led to increased search for alternative sources of fuel. Due to its similarities with petroleum-based diesel, biodiesel arose as a potential replacement for diesel. In this study, biodiesel was produced from the seed oil of Vitex doniana (black plum) using a two-step catalyzed transesterification method. The biodiesel produced was also characterized. Physico-chemical analyses carried out on the produced biodiesel gave strong indication that it can serve as an alternative feedstock, having recorded a comparable flash point of 110 °C to American Society of Testing Materials and European Committee for Standardization standards; though kinematic viscosity measurements showed biodiesel products of relatively high viscosity which has the tendency to leave deposits on combustion. Spectroscopic analyses indicated successful transesterification with 95-98% biodiesel yield.

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 75-82.   

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.7
Assessment of nutrients status of areas supporting optimum oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. L) cultivation in Ghana
Authors: Danso I. , Okyere S. A. , Larbi E. , Danso F. , Nuertey B. N.
Published: July 2020

In Ghana, information on the fertility status to support oil palm growth and productivity and possible fertilizer recommendation is not common. The objective of this study was to assess the nutrition-related limitations to production of oil palm across areas climatically delineated as optimum for sustainable oil palm production. Based on Ghana Interim Soil Classification System, benchmark soils identified in these areas were: Temang (Lixisols), Akroso (Acrisol), Kokofu (Alisols), Basitia (Acrislos), Firam (Acrisols) and Nkwanta (Acrisols). Results indicated generally strongly acidic soil and exchangeable acidity values obtained were high and consistent with very acidic soil conditions. There were generally- high C: N ratios (>20) except some few sites, thus supplementary nitrogen is required to reduce C: N ratio and improve N availability. The Total Exchangeable Bases (TEB), Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC) and available P values were less than the optimum values for sustainable oil palm production. Both soil and foliar analysis indicated that soils in areas assessed have low soil fertility with relatively good soil physical conditions. It is recommended that instead of superphosphate fertilizer application, rock phosphate should be administered due to high acidity. Raising the low ECEC levels of the soil calls for composted empty fruit bunches incorporation.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and microbial load of naturally preserved smoked African mud catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Ayeloja A. A. , George F. O.A. , Akinyemi A. A. , Atanda O. O.
Published: July 2020

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and microbial load of naturally preserved smoked African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) were examined. The experimental design was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with the treatments been the variously preserved C. gariepinus catfish (garlic, ginger, garlic-ginger homogenate preserved and the control without spices). PAH and the microbial load were determined using standard experimental procedures. All PAH values were within internationally recommend value for human consumption, the aerobic mesophilic counts of unpreserved smoked catfish was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than other preserved smoked C. gariepinus (2.51 ± 0.01- 8.98 ± 0.02 log cfu/g); while garlic-ginger preserved smoked catfish product had the lowest aerobic mesophilic counts (2.48 ± 0.01-8.92 ± 0.01 log cfu/g) during the period of the experiment. Similar trends were observed in the mould fungal, Staphylococcal, coliform, Salmonella and Shigella counts. However, Staphylococcal counts, coliform count and Salmonella and Shigella counts were not detected in the samples at the onset of the experiment. The preserved smoked fish are good and safe for human consumptions when stored at ambient temperatures (25-36oC) for 56 days. The combination of garlic and ginger provide a much stronger antibiotic effect than the individual ingredients.
The Livestock Sector and its contributions to the Protein and Energy needs of the Nigerian Population
Authors: Inyeinyang M. M. , Ukpong I. G.
Published: July 2020

The study was designed to assess the contributions of the livestock sector to the protein and energy needs of the Nigerian population by 2050 using an annual time series data from 1980 to 2010. Projected population figures from 2012 to 2050 were used to estimate the extra amount of protein and energy that will be required by the population in 2050. Energy and protein supply data from animal-derived foods, mainly; cattle meat and milk, sheep meat, goat meat, poultry eggs and meat, from 1980 to 2010 were calculated using animal production data and McCance and Widdowson’s composition of foods. The data were analysed using an Excel spreadsheet programme. The result showed that animal-derived foods contributed a total of 47,805,756 MJ/d of energy and 1,027,901 kg/d of protein in 2010. Meanwhile, to meet the additional energy and protein needs of the projected Nigerian population of 389.615 million people by 2050, animal-derived foods would have to supply 37.4% more energy and 9.0% more protein than in 2010. The results thus indicate a gap between current production and expected protein and energy requirement of the population by 2050; which must be closed if food security is to be achieved.
The Effect of the Decline on Pottery in Ghana and Socio-Economic Implications on Potters
Authors: Nortey S. , Asiamoaso E.
Published: July 2020

Demand for pottery in Ghana is declining according to empirical studies and this has socio-eco­nomic implications on the potters. The perpetuation of the potter’s trade is vital to maintaining and preserving humankind’s culture and livelihood. This paper used qualitative and quanti­tative approaches to discuss the effect of the decline in pottery and its socio-economic impli­cations on potters. The study sampled 500 practising potters from four centres in Ashanti and Bono regions of Ghana; Appiadu, Pankrono, Afari and Tanoso. Findings showed that there has been a decline on pottery in Ghana which inadvertently has socio-economic implications on the potters. The study established that there has been a decline in pottery activities. Analyses revealed that there is an appreciable socio-economic variance between potters who solely de­pended on pottery as opposed to others who combined it with other jobs. Location was a highly influential factor in determining the potters’ economic condition (p≤0.05). The effect of the declining demand on retention was highly significant in terms of potter’s willingness to quit or remain in the industry (p<0.05). The paper recommends teaching artists must intervene in developing the skills of these potters, a development of traditional in-depth design exploration through workshops.

Keywords: Pottery, socio-economic effect, pottery centres, potters, clay
Reviewers for 2019 / Obituary: Professor Rudolph Darko
Authors: In Chief Editor
Published: July 2020

Reviewers for 2019 / Obituary: Professor Rudolph Darko
Pub Interaction in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Bamgbose Ganiu Abisoye , Ajayi Temitope Michael
Published: July 2020

Studies in the area of discourse analysis in Nigeria have explored so many aspects of human life. However, existing studies have glossed over the nature of discussions in pubs. Sourcing data from selected pubs in three southwestern states of Nigeria, this study investigates the nature of interactions in pubs, using register and common ground theoretical framework.  Analysing a total of nine (9) excerpts, the study shows that women/ladies, football and politics are three common topics in the discourse in southwestern pubs. The means of conversing is always spoken and this makes for the spontaneous flow of the discussions. Discussions are usually casual despite the fact that affective involvement is usually high. The affective involvement is usually due to the passion people have for the topics identified. Power relation is usually equal and, in few cases where it is not, common ground’s coordinating devices like convention, precedence and manifest are utilised to sustain cordiality and avoid domination or intimidation. The study concludes that language use in pubs has its peculiarity and uniqueness and therefore deserves linguistic enquiry.
Validation and Use of Quality of life Impact of Refractive Correction Questionnaire in Spectacle Wearers in Malawi: A clinic-based study
Authors: Kaphle Dinesh
Published: July 2020

Background To assess the psychometric properties of the QIRC questionnaire and use it as an outcome measure in spectacle wearers attending an eye clinic in Malawi. MethodsParticipants who had uncorrected distance visual acuity of below 6/18 and improved to 6/9 or better with spectacles on both eyes were included in the study. The participants self-administered the Chichewa version of the QIRC questionnaire that was translated and culturally adapted for Malawian settings. Psychometric evaluation of the QIRC responses was carried out using the WinSteps software (Version 3.92.1; Winsteps, Chicago, IL) by applying the Andrich rating scale model of the Rasch analysis.Results One hundred and forty-three participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 27.64 ± 2.91; age range; 16 to 39 years; male, 51.7%) completed the QIRC. The Chichewa QIRC had satisfactory psychometric properties (Ordered response categories, Person separation index, 1.93; Item separation index, 3.42; Targeting 0.70) including excellent Rasch-model fit statistics (Infit and Outfit MnSq < 1.30 for all items). The QIRC score was not significantly associated with sex, age, magnitude of refractive error, occupation and status of previous spectacle wear (p> 0.05 for all). The QIRC scores negatively correlated with uncorrected visual acuity (in logMAR) in the better eye (spearman’s rho=-0.34, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe translated and culturally adapted version of the QIRC Questionnaire had satisfactory psychometric properties to measure the refractive error-specific quality of life in Malawi. It performed well as an outcome measure of spectacle wear.

Key words: validation, quality of life, Rasch analysis, spectacles, Malawi
The prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors in school-going children from informal settlements in Nakuru town, Kenya
Authors: Chege Naomi
Published: July 2020

BackgroundIntestinal parasites are a major public health problem in the developing world and have attracted increasing levels of interest from health researchers over the past decade. Epidemiology-based studies have shown that the prevalence of intestinal parasites is high and they frequently recur in regions with poor sanitation and inadequate sewerage facilities. In this study, we determined the prevalence of intestinal parasites, their egg intensities per sample, and associated risk factors in an informal settlement.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in three randomly selected public primary schools located in the informal settlements of Nakuru town. A total of 248 stool samples were collected from asymptomatic pupils and screened, using the Kato Katz technique, for infections caused by soil-transmitted helminths (STH). A random subset of stool samples (n=96) was also screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect intestinal protozoa. Socio-demographic variables were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire; these data were analysed to identify risk factors for infection. ResultsThe overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 17.3% (43/248 pupils). The overall prevalence of both STH and intestinal protozoan parasites was 1.2% and 41.7%, respectively. The most commonly diagnosed STH infection was Trichuris trichiura (1.2%), followed by hookworms (0.4%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (0.4%). The prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites ranged from 0% to 38.5% and included Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba hartmanni, Entamoeba dispar, Giardia intestinalis, and Entamoeba coli. All infections were light, with an egg intensity <100 for each of the STH infections. The prevalence of multiple infections, including intestinal protozoan parasites, was 5.2% (n=5) and 0.4% (n=1) for STH in the subset samples. Finally, our analysis identified several significant risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections, including goat rearing (p=0.046), living in a home with an earthen floor (p=0.022), the number of rooms in the household (p=0.035), and the source of food (p=0.016). ConclusionThe low prevalence of intestinal parasites in the informal settlements of Nakuru may be attributed to improvements in hygiene and sanitation, deworming, and general good health practices that are facilitated by the Department of Public Health.
Epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries in a developing country: an analysis of 170 injuries
Authors: Onyemaechi Ndubuisi O
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPaediatric injuries have significant physical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries presenting at a teaching hospital in Enugu South-East Nigeria. MethodsA retrospective study of injured patients less than 18 years who presented to the Accident and Emergency department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla, in Enugu Nigeria, was conducted from 1st January to 31st December 2015. Analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. ResultsA total of 1191 children presented to the hospital within the study period and 120 injured paediatric patients (10.1%) with 170 injuries were attended to in the A & E. Adolescents (12 -17 years) accounted for 34.2% of injuries and males (70%) were more affected than the females. Road traffic crashes and falls were the most common causes of paediatric injuries. There was a significant correlation between age of the children and the aetiology of the injuries (X2 = 28.08, p = 0.001). Bruises/lacerations/abrasions (27.6%) and fractures (27.1%) were the most common types of injuries sustained. The injury severity score (ISS) of the patients ranged from 1-25 with a mean of 6.4 + 2.8. Roadside/street (35%), school (23.3%) and home (21.7%) were the main locations where injuries occurred. Mean injury-arrival interval was 1.2 + 0.7 days. Majority (67.5%) of children had full recovery and the mortality rate was 5.8%.ConclusionsRoad traffic crashes and falls were the most common cause of paediatric injuries. Soft tissue trauma and fractures were the predominant types of injuries. Roadside, school and home were the leading locations of childhood injuries. Prevention of road traffic crashes and falls, prompt treatment of injuries, and rehabilitation of injured children will reduce the negative impact of paediatric injuries.
Removal Characteristics of Toxic Gas on Activated Carbon Fiber Based Paper Filter
Authors: Lee Eunbyul , Kim Jonggu , Yoo Byungtae
Published: July 2020

Objectives:A paper filter was prepared by pitch based activated carbon fibers to investigate the removal efficiency of toxic gas. Also, changes in pore characteristics and mechanical properties according to the ratio of the adsorbent and the binder were observed to optimize the decrease in specific surface area and micropore, which are the unique characteristics of activated carbon fibers. In addition, it is intended to establish optimized paper filter derived activated carbon fiber manufacturing conditions through evaluation of toxic gas removal characteristics.Methods:The pore characteristics of the activated carbon fiber and prepared paper were analyzed by measuring the BET specific surface area, and SEM analysis was performed on the fine surface shape. Tensile strength and air permeability were performed according to ISO 1924-2 and ASTM D737: 04, respectively. The adsorption performance of the prepared filter was evaluated as a gas removal efficiency using a gas detection tube (GV-110S).Results and Discussion:As the content of the binder increased in the paper manufacturing process, it was confirmed that the specific surface area of ​​the prepared filter decreased by up to 39.5% compared to the activated carbon fiber. It is considered that the micropores were closed because the surface of the activated carbon fiber was coated with the excessive addition of the binder. The removal efficiency showed a removal rate of 90% of ammonia, and methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide showed a removal rate of about 60%. This result might be due to the difference in the physical adsorption rate according to the vapor pressure of each material.Conclusions:An activated carbon fiber-based paper filter for removing of toxic gas was prepared. It was confirmed that the mixing ratio of the adsorbent and the binder was an important process parameter for determining moldability and adsorption performance. Finally, optimum condition was selected as weight ratio condition of 8:2.
The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Challenge for Post-Soviet Central Asia Countries
Authors: Akhunov A. M.
Published: July 2020

The coronavirus pandemic has a significant impact on socio-economic and political processes in Central Asia. The political specifics of the countries in the region affected the methods and approaches taken by the authorities of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan to prevent the spread of infection. The article compares these approaches: from declaring a state of emergency and ordering a curfew to suppressing information about the spread of the epidemic. The impact of the pandemic on the relations of the Central Asian countries with Russia and the prospects for the development of Eurasian integration projects is also considered.
ESTÁGIO EM SERVIÇO SOCIAL, COMBATE AO RACISMO E TRABALHO COM FAMÍLIAS
Authors: Fornazier Moreira Tales Willyan , Marcelino da Silva Santos Petula
Published: July 2020

As reflexões aqui desenvolvidas, são fruto de uma experiência profissional no Centro de Referência em Assistência Social (CRAS) de Guará, interior de São Paulo, especificamente do trabalho desenvolvido com famílias no âmbito do Serviço de Proteção e Atendimento Integral à Família (PAIF), em parceria com as estagiárias de Serviço Social. O objetivo aqui proposto é compartilhar algumas das experiências antirracistas construídas nesse período, com destaque para o trabalho com grupos no interior do PAIF e a potencialidade do estágio supervisionado nesse contexto. A experiência aqui relatada nos evidencia que o estágio também pode se constituir numa possibilidade de qualificação do trabalho do(a) supervisor(a) de campo e que o debate étnico-racial e a construção de estratégias de combate ao racismo, devem fazer parte não apenas do cotidiano profissional dos(as) Assistentes Sociais nos diversos espaços sócio-ocupacionais como, fundamentalmente, da formação profissional. Compreendemos que apenas dessa forma, será possível a materialização do projeto de formação contido nas Diretrizes Curriculares da ABEPSS (1996), visto que esta pressupõe a apreensão crítica do processo histórico como totalidade.
ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO EM SERVIÇO SOCIAL NA UFF – RIO DAS OSTRAS
Authors: Da Silva Praxedes Vieira Consoli Lima Aline , Ferreira Teixeira Bruno , Barros Palma da Rosa Letícia , Martins Sirelli Paula , Teixeira Rodrigo , Caldeira de Oliveira Sandra
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as estratégias construídas pela equipe de estágio do curso de Serviço Social da UFF Rio das Ostras que se conformam como resistências à precarização da formação e do trabalho profissional. Foram destacadas algumas experiências desenvolvidas nos últimos 10 anos. Para isso, utilizou-se de um levantamento documental, considerando registros da Coordenação de Estágio, atas de reuniões e dos Fóruns de Supervisão de Estágio, além de revisão bibliográfica. Conclui-se que o estágio supervisonado, entendido como espaço privilegiado para o conhecimento da realidade, só pode ser compreendido quando se leva em consideração o contexto no qual se insere. Pode ser considerado enquanto espaço de formação para todos os sujeitos que o compõem, sujeitos esses que devem atuar objetivando a interlocução entre universidade e sociedade e pautando-se pelo Projeto Ético Político da profissão. É mister destacar que este artigo é parte da pesquisa que visa construir o perfil das/os supervisoras/es de campo de estágio do referido curso.
The Effect of Project-Based Learning Assisted by Electronic Media on Learning Motivation and Science Process Skills
Authors: Safaruddin Safaruddin , Ibrahim Nurlaiha , Juhaeni Juhaeni , Harmilawati Harmilawati , Qadrianti Laeli
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of using Project Based Learning (PjBL) strategy assisted by Electronic Media in increasing learning motivation and Science Process Skills (KPS) on the material â€œHeat Transferâ€. The study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest experimental design with 59 students. The experimental group was taught using the PjBL strategy while the control group was taught with a conventional strategy that was teacher-centred. Learning motivation is measured using questionnaires distributed to students, and KPS is measured through observation using observation sheets. The results, average score of KPS with the PjBL strategy = 86.33, the conventional strategy = 74.52; the average score of learning motivation with PjBL strategy = 78.05, conventional strategy = 69.49. Conclude from this data that the use of the PjBL based on e-media strategy is effective and influences the improvement of KPS and learning motivation of elementary school students.
Sentir e inteligir na catequese: a transmissão da fé na interface com Xavier Zubiri
Authors: Santos Diego Willian dos
Published: July 2020

Os tempos atuais nos impelem ao anúncio do Evangelho, portanto, da pessoa de Jesus, de forma criativa e efetiva. Todavia, se percebe métodos que não mais correspondem a realidade atual. O mundo marcado pela fluidez, pela liquidez, como define o sociólogo Bauman, reclama um novo modo de agir e transmitir a fé cristã. É a mesma verdade revelada, apresentada de modo a impactar aquele ou aquela que recebe esta mensagem. A Igreja reconheceu nos últimos tempos, a necessidade do anúncio da pessoa de Jesus, que passa pelo crivo da experiência com o mesmo. esta experiência, lhe assegura o sentido da existência e ao mesmo tempo o impele ao seguimento. Partindo deste pressuposto, o presente artigo faz uma interface do anúncio e da catequese, com o pensamento do filósofo Xavier Zubiri, que propõe o sentir como acontecimento fundante da experiência que leva a inteligir a realidade que se apresenta, tendo uma força de imposição tão grande que coloca o impactado numa marcha para conhecer sempre mais aquilo que foi por ele inteligido. Deste modo, a argumentação se estabelece na importância e necessidade do sentir e inteligir na catequese, para um melhor aprofundamento da fé cristã.
A pró-existência de Heinz Schürmann na Cristologia de Joseph Ratzinger
Authors: Robert Everaldo Bon
Published: July 2020

Na trilogia “Jesus de Nazaré”, Ratzinger utiliza o termo “pró-existência”, cunhado pelo exegeta alemão Heinz Schürmann, afirmando que tal conceito apresenta não só um aspecto ou dimensão da vida de Cristo, mas a dimensão ou aspecto mais íntimo e integral, que possibilita ao homem entrar no seu mistério e compreender também o que significa ser seu discípulo, segui-lo. Pergunta-se, então, como Heinz Schürmann concebia a pró-existência. Segundo Schürmann, Jesus foi o homem que viveu totalmente descentralizado: viveu para “os outros” em dupla direção, vertical e horizontal: para o Pai e para os homens; fez de sua vida um serviço, uma entrega que chegou ao seu ápice na sua morte. Jesus não só redimirá a humanidade dos seus pecados, mas também, pelo seu exemplo pró-existente e abertura, libertará o Homem da escravidão do seu próprio “eu”. Schürmann aponta como fundamento último da pró-existência de Jesus a própria vida intra-trinitária. Como consequência, Cristo se apresenta como o “homem novo”, o “último Adão”, doador da vida e que abre o homem ao próprio projeto original de Deus. Schürmann conclui que a vida só tem sentido quando se entra no mistério da morte de Cristo, que levará o homem à remissão da culpa, à libertação do próprio “eu”, e tornará a pessoa capaz do serviço, para Deus e para o próximo, para o bem da sociedade e de toda a criação.
Performance Test of WAP Gateway Over Web Server Using OPNET
Authors: . Kamini , Singh Ravinder
Published: July 2020

The Security for the portable devices such as mobile phones,iPad and laptops becoming extremely important day by day.The intermediates such as gateway are the main source for communication through wireless media. In today's era, maintaining the transport level security amongst cellular devices like mobile phones and PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) become the most burning issue.During communications of smart phones with the web server through broadband method pass communication through the gateway known as Wireless Applications Protocol. The main purpose of WAP gateway is to transfer all the protocol used in WAP to the protocols used on the internet server. The WAP proxy server uses marshalling and unmarshalling methodology for the content to reduce the size of the data that has been sent through the wireless link. Further, the communication between the mobile phones and wireless application protocol is secured by using the security protocol called WTLS. The communication between the WAP gateway and web server is secured through the TLS/SSL security protocols. This paper simulates an assessment of wireless and wired networks using OPNET simulation tools. This paper simulated 2 different scenarios comparing wireless mobile client communication using WTLS gateway MD5_RSA encryption and Firewall gateway TLS encryption using MD5_RSA.The investigation results shows how the end to end security takes place between wireless clients to web servers using hybrid security protocol.
Design, Modeling of Ga-As based MESFET for SRAM Cell
Authors: Sharma Manvinder , Gupta Anuj Kumar , Khosla Dishant , Gill Jagbir Singh , Amshi Hauwa
Published: July 2020

The main attention in the area of technology is given to the low power SRAM (Static random Access Memory).GaAs SRAM have been developed with great efforts which include its many advantages such as reduced power consumption and temperature tolerance. There are many limitations of conventional cell which are overcome by the design of new cell which is used to simulate SRAM. The structure of MESFET and the limitations are discussed in the paper. Further, a code in silvaco is run and simulated and the result analysis is done using tony plots.
Survey on usage of Machine Learning in Genomic Medicine
Authors: Goyal Shanky , Sharma Harsh , Kaur Navleen
Published: July 2020

This paper provides a preface of machine learning as a task that can be used to solve some important problems pertaining to genomic medicines. The genomic medicine can determine the risk of different disease in an individual due to the variation in the DNA. Genomic medicine can help to find out the therapies. We, here, concentrate on the ways in which machine learning can aid in determining the link between the DNA as well as number of key molecules present inside a cell with the assumption that the numbers may be related to the disease risks, which can also be referred to as cell variable. The field of the Modern biology allows high rate of production measurement of cell variable which covers up gene expression, splicing, and the procedure of protein binding with nucleic [8] acids, and these all treated as training targets for the predictive models. In today’s date, large amount of data sets are available on which we can apply different computational techniques that can help researchers to work hard on solution of genomic medicines.
Microorganisms Associated with Post-Harvest Spoilage of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) in Makurdi, Central Nigeria
Authors: Aernan P T , Okoh T , Adejo O E
Published: July 2020

Microorganisms associated with post-harvest spoilage of tomato fruits in Makurdi were evaluated. Random sampling techniques were used to pick 250 spoilt tomato fruits from North-bank, Wurukum, High level, Wadata and Modern markets. The bacteria isolated were Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtillis, Esherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus while isolated fungi included Aspergillusspp, Alternaria species, Rhizopusspp, Candida species and Fusarium species. The bacteria isolated, from the spoilt tomato fruits sampled from Wurukum market had the highest colony forming unit of 6.5 x 10 (CFU/ml) followed by the ones sampled from Wadata, High-level, North-bank and Modern markets having 5.8 x 10 6 (CFU/ml), 4.3 x 10 6 (CFU/ml), 4.3 x 10 6 (CFU/ml), and 2.8 x 10 6 (CFU/ml) respectively. The fungi isolated from the spoilt tomato fruits from Wadata market had the highest colony forming unit of 6.7 x 10 (CFU/ml) followed by the samples from Wurukum, North-bank, High-level and Modern markets with 5.2 x 10 (CFU/ml), 4.6 x 10 (CFU/ml), 4.4 x 10 (CFU/ml) and 4.2 x 10 (CFU/ml) respectively. Using the same sampling techniques pathogenicity test on fifty (50) healthy tomato fruits from the same markets confirmed that bacteria and fungi that were earlier identified on the spoilt tomato fruits were still responsible for the spoilage, showing that deterioration of tomato fruits in Makurdi markets is due to the activities of these bacteria and fungi pathogens. Proper sanitary measures should be taken to improve harvesting and handling of tomato fruits to reduce spoilage caused by these pathogens.
Susceptibility of Human Blood Groups to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infections
Authors: Eteng M U , Otu D O , Ochalefu D O , Amali O E , Obochi G O , Myke-Mbata B K
Published: July 2020

Susceptibility of blood groups to HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B virus infections in human subjects was studied. One hundred and fifty adult male and female patients who came for routine check up at the Heart to Heart Centre, General Hospital Calabar and the General Hospital Ogoja in Cross River State were used for this investigation.The patients were classified into three groups with group I consisting of sixty (60) normal subjects ( i.e. non HIV/AIDS and non HBV patients) serving as control. Group II was made up of sixty (60) HIV/AIDS infected patients only and group III had thirty (30) patients co-infected with HIV/AIDS and HBV. Blood and serum samples were collected and screened for both HIV/AIDS and HBV. The blood and serum samples were assayed for totalprotein and bilirubin levels, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activities, antioxidants vitamins levels and determination of blood groups. The results showed that group O+ had increased levels relative to control and others,suggesting that patients with blood group O+ are more susceptible to HIV/AIDS and HBV infections. The results showed that blood group B+ had decreased level relative to the control and other blood groups, suggesting that patients with blood group B+ may resist HIV/AIDS and HBV infections. The results also revealed that AST and ALT activities were significantly increased, suggesting hepatic peroxidation and liver damage. The results also showed that the antioxidant vitamins(vitamin A and vitamin C) were significantly decreased, suggesting high level of free radicals leading to hepatic peroxidation and liver damage.
PELAKSANAAN PENDIDIKAN BUDI PEKERTI DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA NEGERI I TEMBILAHAN HULU
Authors: Hasnawati Hasnawati
Published: July 2020

Pendidikan budi pekerti adalah upaya untuk membentuk perilaku peserta didik yang tercermin dalam kata, perbuatan, sikap, pikiran, perasaan, kerja, dan hasil karya berdasarkan nilai, norma, dan moral luhur bangsa Indonesia melalui kegiatan bimbingan, pengajaran dan latihan.

Rumusan dalam penelitian ini adalah: bagaimana pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dalam membentuk karakter siswa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu. Sedangkan yang menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dan faktor apa yang mempenagruhi pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dalam membentuk karakter siswa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu. Adapun manfaat penelitian ini diantaranya adalah: untuk menambah dan meningkatkan wawasan dan pengalaman penulis, sebagai informasi bagi sekolah dalam penerapan pendidikan budi pekerti, sebagai informasi bahwa pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dalam membentuk karakter siswa perlu dilaksanakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu yang berjumlah 4 orang, sedangkan yang menjadi objek adalah pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dalam membnetuk karakter di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu. Kemudian yang menjadi populasi adalah guru Pendidikan Agama Islam yang berjumlah 4 orang di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu. Dalam mengumpulkan data penulis menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis dengan cara deskripsi kualitatif.

Setelah data terkumpul dan dilakukan penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa : dari hasil observasi, pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti dalam membentuk karakter siswa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu mencapai persentase 80,11%, berada pada interval 81%-100% dan dikategorikan sangat baik. Aktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan pendidikan budi pekerti di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri I Tembilahan Hulu adalah faktor dari semua mata pelajaran yang menerapkan materi pendidikan budi pekerti, faktor dari stockholder atau lingkungan, dan dari kegiatan lingkungan sekolah dalam menerapkan pelaksanaan pendidikan pekerti.

Kata Kunci :Pendidikan Budi Pekerti, Karakter siswa
Global climate response to idealized deforestation in CMIP6 models
Authors: Boysen Lena , Brovkin Victor , Pongratz Julia , Lawrence David , Lawrence Peter , Vuichard Nicolas , Peylin Philippe , Liddicoat Spencer , Hajima Tomohiro , Zhang Yanwu , Rocher Matthias , Delire Christine , Séférian Roland , Arora Vivek K. , Nieradzik Lars , Anthoni Peter , Thiery Wim , Laguë Marysa , Lawrence Deborah , Lo Min-Hui
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Changes in forest cover have a strong effect on climate through the alteration of surface biogeophysical and biogeochemical properties that affect energy, water, and carbon exchange with the atmosphere. To quantify biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of deforestation in a consistent setup, nine Earth System models carried out an idealized experiment in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 6 (CMIP6). Starting from their pre-industrial state, models linearly replace 20 million km2 of tree area in densely forested regions with grasslands over a period of 50 years followed by a stabilization period of 30 years. Most of the deforested area is in tropics, with a secondary peak in the boreal region. This study compares the effect of this large deforestation perturbation on energy and carbon fluxes across models. The effect on global annual near-surface temperature ranges from no significant change to a cooling by 0.55 °C, with a multi-model mean of −0.22 ± 0.21 °C. Five models simulate a temperature increase over deforested land in the tropics and a cooling over deforested boreal land. In these models, the latitude at which the temperature response changes sign ranges from 11 to 43° N, with a multi-model mean of 23° N. A multi-ensemble analysis reveals that the near-surface temperature changes emerge within 50 years over the tropical regions propagating from the centre of deforestation to the edges, indicating the influence of non-local effects. The biogeochemical effect of deforestation are land carbon losses of 259 ± 80 PgC. Based on transient climate response to cumulative emissions (TCRE) this would yield a warming by 0.46 ± 0.22 °C, suggesting a net warming effect of deforestation. While there is general agreement across models in their response to deforestation in terms of change in global temperatures and land carbon pools, the underlying changes in energy and carbon fluxes diverge substantially across models and geographical regions. Future analyses of the global deforestation experiments could further explore the effect on changes in seasonality of the climate response as well as large-scale circulation changes to advance our understanding and quantification of deforestation effects in the ESM frameworks.
Development and Assessment of an Application for Primary Care for Users with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Melo Chardsongeicyca Maria Correia da Silva , Filho Antonio Jorge Ferreira Delgado , de Oliveira Emanuela Rozeno , de Araújo Andreza Amanda , Cavalcanti Heloíza Gabrielly de Oliveira , Melo Chardsonclesia Maria Correia da Silva , Bushatsky Magaly , Sanches Luiz Miguel Picelli , Barros Mariana Boulitreau Siqueira Campos
Published: July 2020

Objective: To develop an application on primary nursing care for users with diabetes mellitus and to assess its usability in the light of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology.

Materials and methods: A methodological study, which used a quantitative and cross-sectional approach, based on the Systematic Design of Instruction method. The product was validated for usability by 11 specialist nurses, using the System Usability Scale questionnaire, based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 by Venkatesh, Thong and Xu.

Results: The application was developed through open and free frameworks, based on the updated content of the Nursing Protocol in Primary Care on Diabetes Mellitus, plus the International Classification of Nursing Practices in Public Health. In assessing usability, the application reached a score of 90 points, being classified on a scale of best achievable, with dimensions that ground the theoretical constructs.

Conclusions: The technology named Diabetes em Foco (Diabetes in focus in English) is promising to improve and advance theoretical and practical knowledge, in addition to quick and easy access to the protocol, timely support for decision-making and strengthening the systematization of nursing care in primary health care.
Gattungsdiskurs und Subjekt bei Michel Foucault
Authors: Engels Gwendolin
Published: July 2020

Ähnlichkeit, Recht des Souveräns, Marter und Tragödie. Repräsentation, Recht der Gesellschaft, reformierte Strafen und Komödie. Humanwissenschaften, Disziplin, Gefängnis und Roman: Von der Forschung bisher gänzlich unbemerkt, führt Foucault diese Zusammenhänge in einem Gattungsdiskurs zusammen. Wie die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, reproduziert er damit nicht nur das Narrativ von der historischen Abfolge literarischer Gattungen, sondern aktualisiert ein quasiidealistisches Zusammenspiel historischer, epistemischer, subjektphilosophischer und gattungstheoretischer Phänomene. Die Gattungsbezüge statten Foucaults eigenen Diskurs mit genau den philosophischen Grundlagen aus, die Foucault scheinbar so eindeutig zurückweist. Inmitten der so nachdrücklich betonten Diskontinuität erweist sich der Gattungsdiskurs als Garant einer letztlich doch notwendigen Kontinuität und Kausalität.
Two new species of Grandidierella (Amphipoda, Corophiida, Aoridea) from Singapore
Authors: Ali-Eimran Alip , Lee Yen-ling , Azman B. A. Rahim
Published: July 2020

Two new species of Grandidierella Coutière, 1904 from Singapore waters are described based on specimens collected during the Comprehensive Marine Biodiversity Survey (CMBS) between 2010–2015. Grandidierella pawaiensis sp. nov. differs from the rest in the genus by a combination of characters; (1) gnathopod 1 carpus proximoventral corner with apically acute process, (2) inner face of carpus of gnathopod 1 proximoventral corner with curved process, (3) proximal margin of dactylus of gnathopod 1 male with excavation, and (4) gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin crenulate. Grandidierella sungeicina sp. nov. on the other hand, is distinguishable from other related species of Grandidierella found in the tropical region by its paired mid-dorsal projections on pereonites 2 to 5, 1 ventrodistal triangular projection on pereonite 4, and gnathopod 2 ischium with 1 large trapezoid projection.
Análisis sistemático internacional sobre métodos reactivos, proactivos e híbridos en el tratamiento del acoso escolar
Authors: Hernández de Frutos Teodoro , Casares García Esther
Published: July 2020

La presión internacional, que ha llevado a reconocer el derecho de los adolescentes a desarrollar su currículo formativo en una escuela sana y segura, ha hecho que, en los últimos treinta años, los centros escolares hayan tenido que implementar planes antiacoso. El artículo presenta una revisión sistemática y actualizada de los principales métodos y técnicas antiacoso que se aplican en el mundo, estableciendo sus pros y sus contras. Básicamente, los métodos se clasifican en tres grupos: métodos integrales reactivos, para reprimir al acosador de diferentes maneras; métodos integrales proactivos, para utilizar estrategias basadas en la prevención y la solución amistosa de problemas; y métodos híbridos, no integrales o parciales, que abordan solo una parte de la intervención sin reconocer el problema en su conjunto. Se analizan los 39 métodos más importantes que se utilizan en países democráticos sobre la base de su influencia, su impronta histórica y su firmeza metodológica.Over the last thirty years, schools have found it necessary to implement anti- bullying policies, as a result of strong international pressure to recognize the right of adolescents to receive their education in a healthy and safe envi­ronment. This article presents a systematic and updated review of the main an­ti-bullying methods which have been developed worldwide, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Broadly speaking, the methods can be categorized into those that involve comprehensive reactive strategies to repress the bullies in differ­ent ways, comprehensive proactive strategies based on the prevention and resolu­tion of problems through mediation and negotiation, and hybrid methods, which are non- comprehensive or partial and tackle only one part of the intervention without considering the problem as a whole. The 39 most important methods de­veloped in democratic countries on the basis of their influence, their historical significance and their methodological solidity are analyzed.
NCCN Task Force Report: mTOR Inhibition in Solid Tumors
Authors: Figlin Robert A. , Brown Elizabeth , Armstrong Andrew J. , Akerley Wallace , Benson Al B. , Burstein Harold J. , Ettinger David S. , Febbo Phillip G. , Fury Matthew G. , Hudes Gary R. , Kies Merrill S. , Kwak Eunice L. , Morgan Robert J. , Mortimer Joanne , Reckamp Karen , Venook Alan P. , Worden Frank , Yen Yun
Published: July 2020

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein complex functions as an integration center for various intracellular signaling pathways involving cell cycle progression, proliferation, and angiogenesis. These pathways are frequently dysregulated in cancer, and therefore mTOR inhibition is a potentially important antitumor target. Commercially available mTOR inhibitors include rapamycin (i.e., sirolimus) and temsirolimus. Other agents under investigation include everolimus and deforolimus. mTOR inhibition has been studied in various solid tumors, including breast, gynecologic, gastrointestinal, prostate, lung, and head and neck cancers. Studies have focused on mTOR inhibition as a monotherapy or in combination with other drugs based on the principle that inhibiting as many targets as possible reduces the emergence of drug resistance. Temsirolimus is currently the only mTOR inhibitor that is specifically labeled for treatment of solid tumors. However, preclinical studies and early-phase trials are rapidly evolving. Additionally, research is further defining the complicated mTOR pathways and how they may be disordered in specific malignancies. To address these issues, NCCN convened a task force to review the underlying physiology of mTOR and related cellular pathways, and to review the current status of research of mTOR inhibition in solid tumors. (JNCCN 2008;6[Suppl 5]:S1—S20)
¿Qué opinan los universitarios sobre el uso académico de las redes sociales?
Authors: Abelairas-Etxebarria Patricia , Mentxaka Arana Jon
Published: July 2020

Hoy en día, las redes sociales son utilizadas en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugar. Entre los jóvenes, en particular, han supuesto una revolución a la hora de relacionarse. Sin embargo, dichas redes sociales tienen escasa presencia en el aula universitaria para su uso académico.

Este trabajo pretende analizar el uso de las redes sociales de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Economía y Empresa de la Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. Además, se analiza la opinión de los alumnos y alumnas sobre la posibilidad de introducir las redes sociales en el aula con fines académicos. Con estos objetivos, se ha realizado una encuesta a una muestra de los estudiantes de dicha facultad donde, como principal resultado, se extrae que la gran mayoría de los estudiantes usan habitualmente las redes sociales en el ámbito personal y que están dispuestos a introducir estas redes sociales como herramienta en el aula universitaria.

At the present time, social networks are used anytime and anywhere. Among young people, in particular, they have been a revolution when it comes to socializing. However, these social networks have little presence in the university classroom for an academic use.

This paper aims to analyze the use of social networks of students of the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of the Basque Country / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. In addition, it analyzes the opinion of the students about the possibility of introducing social networks in the classroom for academic purposes. With these objectives a survey has been carried out on a sample of the students of said faculty where, as the main result, it is extracted that the vast majority of students routinely use social networks in the personal sphere and that they are willing to introduce these social networks as a tool in the university classroom.
Moving towards Entrepreneurial Translator Education: a Review of Entrepreneurship Competence in Spanish Translator Education Programmes
Authors: Veiga Díaz Maite
Published: July 2020

This paper reviews the entrepreneurship competences included in the curricula of undergraduate translation and interpretation degrees in Spain to determine whether they explicitly or implicitly match the competences included in the EntreComp framework. Our review reveals that the EntreComp entrepreneurial competences are underrepresented in current curricula in Spain, with some remarkable exceptions, particularly regarding the ‘resource management’ and ‘learning by doing’ competences. The SWOT analysis performed using the results derived from the descriptive analysis of the collected data suggests that the spotted strengths and opportunities can compensate for most of the weaknesses. Accordingly, it is our claim that an entrepreneurial approach to education that is compatible with the Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan can be introduced in Spanish translator education programmes within the current framework.