bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EKSISTENSI HAK ULAYAT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rosalina Rosalina
Published: March 2022

Communal Land Rights is the right of the highest land tenure of indigenous people. Indigenous groups is a unity that has a specific area, have a legal entity, has the authority and has its own wealth. rights applicable exit and into the Communal Land. into force because the only alliance in the sense that all citizens can reap the rewards of the land and all plants and animals that hidupdalam fellowship area. The right of association was substantially restrict freedom of the citizen as an individual effort, for the sake of fellowship. Valid exit, because instead of the customary law community, in principle, not allowed to participate received his/ working the land which is the fellowship area concerned. Only with the permission of the fellowship as well as pay compensation outsiders can get a chance to participate and use communal land. Along with the development of life, then the use of communal land is not only used to meet together, but also members of the public are allowed to use some lands to be used to meet their individual needs. Individual mastery of this process continues for generations and isrecognized by the indigenous people.
The Quintessential Quincunx: A model for health care delivery
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Madhur Verma  , Nitin Kapoor
Published: March 2022

Health care delivery is based on teamwork, in which active involvement of multiple contributors is required. The quadruple of Atreya underscores the need for physician, patient, drug and attendant to work in unison with each other. The concept of person centered, or person-centered care reminds us to keep the person living with disease or disability, at the centre of our work. Effective communication is essential for efficient team work. We merge these thoughts to create a Quintessential Quincunx as a model for health care delivery. The rubric keeps the person living with disease or disability at the centre of a square, the four angles of which are the physician, other members of the health care team, drugs/therapeutic modalities, and care givers.

Keywords: Biopsychosocial model, chronic health care, health care delivery, multidisciplinary model, person centered care, quintessential quincunx.

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Ocular manifestations of Obesity: Beyond what meets the eye
Authors: Nitin Kapoor  , Smitha Jasper  , Sanjay Kalra
Published: March 2022

Obesity has reached pandemic proportions across the globe. Though much literature is available on the metabolic complications of obesity, their ocular associations are underreported. Visual impairment further contributes to the poor health related quality of life in individuals living with obesity. In this manuscript, the authors have highlighted the key ocular manifestations that have been associated with obesity, the evidence that supports their association and the impact of weight loss on these co-morbidities. Obesity has often been negatively associated with visual acuity. Premature cataract, glaucoma and age-related maculopathy have also been shown to have a strong association with obesity. Furthermore, presence of associated cardiometabolic disorders linked with metabolic syndrome may also have an indirect impact on the eye. Conditions like diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy, have commonly been described in people living with obesity. Given the huge public health impact of obesity, this manuscript highlights the unmet need of comprehensive research on the association of eye disorders and obesity in the South Asian region.
Evaluatıon of DDPG and PPO Algorıthms for Bıpedal Robot Control
Authors: BINGOL Mustafa Can
Published: March 2022

Legged robots are very popular topics in the robotic field owing to walking on hard terrain. In the current study, the walking of a bipedal robot that is legged robot was aimed. For this purpose, the system was examined and an artificial neural network was designed. After, the neural network was trained by using the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) and the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithms. After the training process, the PPO algorithm was formed better training performance than the DDPG algorithm. Also, the optimal noise standard deviation of the PPO algorithm was investigated. The results were shown that the best results were obtained by using 0.50. The system was tested by utilizing the artificial neural networks that trained the PPO algorithm which has got 0.50 noise standard deviation. According to the test result, the total reward was calculated as 274.334 and the walking task was achieved by purposed structure. As a result, the current study has formed the basis for controlling a bipedal robot and the PPO noise standard deviation selection.
Бўлажак педагогларнинг касбий ўзини ўзи ривожлантириш муаммоси
Authors: Абдумаликова Н.
Published: March 2022

Мақолада бўлажак педагог шахсида касбий ўзини ўзи ривожлантиришнинг асосий таркибий қисмлари ҳамда уларнинг мазмунлари кўрсатиб ўтилган. Айниқса, шахснинг касбий ўзини ўзи ривожлантириш бўйича хориж олимларнинг илмий ёндашувлари, назариялари, концепцияларининг таҳлиллари келтирилган. Шунингдек, педагог шахсида касбий ўзини ўзи ривожлантиришнинг босқичлари ва уларнинг хусусиятлари очиб берилган.
Reconciling mentor and residence lecturer’s scores in grading students on teaching practice to be true reflection of students' performance
Authors: Domfeh Charles
Published: March 2022

With the increasing number of students who qualify and enroll in universities the world over, and also in the various faculties and colleges of education studies, where students-teachers are trained for the teaching profession, it has become obvious that resident university teachers alone are unable to give ample supervision and monitoring to student-teacher trainees who go out of the campuses to experience real teaching practice. This is often referred to, as external or out of campus teaching practice. In trying to find solution to this vacuum created by insufficient lecturers, not being able to give enough supervisions and assessment scores to grade the practicing teachers, tutors or individuals in the various localities and/or institutions where the student-teachers do the external teaching practice are contracted by the universities as either mentors or internal supervisors to take oversight responsibilities of the student teachers formation, alongside the university lecturers, termed as external supervisors. This paper seek to find out how to reconcile the grading scores of the mentors or internal supervisors which at times, is often on the high side, as against the lecturers or external supervisors scores in order to reflect the true performance levels of the student teachers. This paper also lines up some suggested solutions to the dilemma in order to reflect the real students’ performance scores.
Espejos del tiempo ou tempo dos espelhos? - Cochochi, El Violin e Corazón del tiempo: a nova saga do cinema mexicano indígena
Authors: Silva Juliano Gonçalves
Published: March 2022

Neste artigo partindo de uma perspectiva de uma antropologia do cinema ainda em construção, analiso como o personagem indígena é construído em alguns filmes de ficção recentes do cinema mexicano, num esforço de descolonização dos imaginários culturais globais e revisão do eurocentrismo. Isso será feito através de uma leitura das suas representações e dos imaginários deles resultantes. Desvelando esses imaginários fílmicos e suas encenações através da mis en scéne, pretendo constituir uma ideia mais ampla sobre quem são esses personagens indígenas e os seus mundos  “nativos” que o cinema recente mexicano tem revelado para o mundo.
Políticas e Poéticas do Audiovisual na contemporaneidade: por uma antropologia do cinema - Apresentação
Authors: Altmann Eliska , Breder Débora , Hirano Luis Felipe Kojima , Da Silva Marcos Aurélio
Published: March 2022

Apresentação ao dossiê Políticas e Poéticas do Audiovisual na contemporaneidade: por uma antropologia do cinema
Neg-raising, IP-internal topic and focus phrases and the structure of the Awing SOV clause
Authors: Cyrine NYOMY
Published: March 2022

Ever since Kayne (1994) which argues that the universal word order in a phrase is Head-Complement, many studies had proliferated in support of the LCA. Basically, at the level of the clause, many languages exhibit the SVO pattern but there are languages which display distorted word order among which the SOV. The Awing language has both orders and there are determined on the basis of the opposition positive versus negative clause. This paper examines the derivation of the Awing SOV structure and argues that this derivation involves basic movements such head and A- movements (Chomsky 1995) in addition to remnant and heavy pied-ping. It also proposes a reanalysis of the landing site of the raised remnant VP and argues (in contradiction to Nyomy (2019) who posits that the position of the raised VP is spec, AgrOP) that the raised remnant VP lands in spec, TopP (an IP-internal left periphery position as posited by Jayaseelan (2001)).
A Case of Puffer Fish Poisoning from United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al Homsi Ammar , Hassan Nouras , Hamad Imad , Qasem Rehab
Published: March 2022

Puffer fish (Lagocephalus sceleratus) is a well-known source of deadly food poisoning due to a neurotoxin, called tetrodotoxin. Cases of tetrodotoxin poisoning are common along the coasts of East Asian countries but rare in the Arabian Gulf region. Here, we report a case of a 19-year-old man who presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of puffer fish poisoning. Dietary history was the key to diagnosis though laboratory investigations and imaging yielded normal results. Early diagnosis and proper supportive management are essential for survival.
Functional Performance and the Allen Cognitive Level Screen for Adults With Mental Illness: A Scoping Review
Authors: Stewart Kylie , Hancock Nicola , Chapparo Christine , Stancliffe Roger J.
Published: March 2022

Importance: Research involving the use of the Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) in mental health practice has been available for more than 40 yr, yet there has been no comprehensive synthesis and review of this body of literature.

Objective: To review, summarize, compare, and evaluate the existing literature regarding the relationship between the ACLS and the functional and adaptive functional performance of adults living with mental illness.

Data Sources: Searches with no date limits were conducted in the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and OTseeker databases.

Study Selection and Data Collection: A five-stage scoping review methodology was used to examine peer-reviewed English-language literature reporting on the relationship between ACLS scores and functional and adaptive functional performance of adults with mental illness. Information from 15 studies was charted, collated, and numerically and thematically summarized.

Findings: A positive relationship between ACLS scores and in-the-moment performance was consistently reported. The relationship of ACLS scores to community living performance was less consistent. Methods of assessing performance, complexity of tasks assessed, and timing of assessments affected relationships with cognition as measured by ACLS. Gaps in the literature were identified.

Conclusions and Relevance: Findings raise questions about how, why, and when occupational therapists use the ACLS. Increased examination is needed of what aspects of performance and functional cognition reliably determine people’s ability to live successfully in the community.

What This Article Adds: This article provides the first synthesis of the existing literature on the relationship between ACLS scores and functional and adaptive functional performance of people living with mental illness.
A Lei nº 14.133/2021 e os novos limites do controle externo: a necessária deferência dos Tribunais de Contas em prol da Administração Pública
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo Schneider
Published: March 2022

Neste artigo avalia-se se as mudanças trazidas pela Lei nº 14.133/2021, relacionadas aos Tribunais de Contas, tendem a delimitar melhor os espaços da função administrativa e do órgão fiscalizador, propiciando um controle externo mais deferente. A metodologia desenvolvida correspondeu ao método dedutivo de análise, a partir de revisão bibliográfica de viés qualitativo, mediante a qual se buscou compreender as críticas aos excessos dos órgãos de controle para avaliar se a nova lei traz instrumentos que viabilizam a sua correção, abrindo espaço para a efetiva aplicação dos novos institutos nela previstos. A partir da avaliação das mudanças trazidas pela nova lei foi possível confirmar o seu nítido propósito de melhor delimitar os espaços de atuação dos agentes controladores e controlados, propiciando uma maior deferência desses Tribunais em relação às decisões dos administradores públicos, potencializada quando examinadas em conjunto com as disposições da Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro. A importância do trabalho reside na preocupação corrente com os descaminhos que os excessos do controle externo podem acarretar para a atividade administrativa. O tema, além de atual, é relevante diante da recente aprovação do marco legal das contratações e licitações públicas, cujas normas gerais são de observância obrigatória em todas as esferas de governo.
A gestão de riscos como instrumento para a aplicação efetiva do Princípio Constitucional da Eficiência
Authors: Nunes Rafael Rabelo , Perini Marcela Teixeira Batista Sidrim , Pinto Inácio Emiliano Melo Mourão
Published: March 2022

Enfrentar o medo de responsabilizaçãoo dos gestores públicos exige repensar

a atuação do Estado e de suas instituições. A cultura de controle — por

meios normativos e de fiscalização — evidenciou que ela não só não impediu

a ocorrência de eventos de corrupção, mas teve um efeito adverso: a

diminuição da eficiência do Estado. Esse ensaio teórico tem como objetivo

discutir como a gestão de riscos pode se tornar um instrumento que contribui

para o alcance dos objetivos de órgãos públicos, aplicando, de maneira

efetiva, o Princípio da Eficiência. De forma sintética, isto é realizado ao se

avaliarem, de forma ampla, várias classes de risco que podem impactar a

consecução dos objetivos, e não majoritariamente riscos de corrupção. Para

isso, é essencial discutir a importância da eficiência como princípio constitucional em contraponto às visões mais estreitas do Princípio da Legalidade. Isso posto, é possível utilizar a Teoria da Gestão de Riscos aceita internacionalmente para construir, de forma sistemática, decisões fundamentadas que possam ser validadas por várias instâncias — as chamadas linhas de defesa, e, assim, utilizar a gestão de riscos como instrumento de aplicação do Princípio da Eficiência, da mesma forma que a própria lei é o instrumento de aplicação do Princípio da Legalidade. Espera-se que, com isso, este ensaio possa contribuir com o debate do Princípio da Eficiência, principalmente quando os órgãos públicos conseguem criar uma estrutura para se gerenciar riscos com apoio da alta administração dos órgãos, da sua auditoria interna, e dos órgãos de controle externo.
Efficiency contracts in the new Brazilian Procurement Law: conceptual framework and international experience
Authors: Marques Neto Floriano De Azevedo , Pinheiro Hendrick , Cukiert Tamara
Published: March 2022

Objective: To analyze efficiency contracts, a contractual modality whose use was expanded by Law no. 14,133/2021, in its conceptual perspective and based on international experiences.

Methodology: Qualitative post-positivist research, exploratory-descriptive, carried out from the analysis of Brazilian, French and American legislative texts and dogmatic bibliographic review of national and foreign doctrine that comment on similar legal figures in other legal systems.

Originality or value: The work is original because it presents a proposal for a conceptual understanding of an institute that has been little applied in the Brazilian legal experience, whose possibility of use was expanded by the new public procurement law (Law no. 14,133/2021), and based on similar figures widely applied in countries like the United States and France.

Conclusions: Efficiency contracts are an important tool used by public authorities internationally and its provision in the new public procurement law can help to mitigate the resistance of control authorities with their use in Brazil.
Programa de Compliance como exigência em licitações: Análises em prol da qualificação do processo licitatório no contexto da lei 14.133/2021
Authors: Wittmann Cristian Ricardo , Pedroso Anayara Fantinel
Published: March 2022

Este estudo visa analisar os aspectos relativos à exigência de adoção de um programa de compliance anticorrupção nas organizações licitantes enquanto possível qualificadora do processo licitatório a fim de diminuir práticas relacionadas à improbidade administrativa quando da contratação pública. Para tanto analisa-se o programa de compliance e a aplicação no setor público; normas relacionadas à licitação e em quais etapas podem ser instituídos novos mecanismos de controle, além de, identificar os principais benefícios da implementação desta política por empresas na participação de processos licitatórios. Como resultado, identifica-se a importância da utilização da ferramenta para auxiliar o combate às práticas de improbidade administrativa, uma vez que objetiva não apenas responsabilizar os atos ímprobos, mas também, evitá-los a partir de uma gestão de riscos. Aborda-se o benefício às organizações de tais programas, fomentando uma cultura empresarial delimitada por padrões éticos e morais, garantindo que as normas sejam cumpridas, qualificando a segurança nas contratações realizadas no âmbito empresarial, corroborando para menores desvios corruptivos, fomentando uma sinergia entre os deveres da Administração Pública e os anseios da sociedade. Verifica-se a necessidade de constatar qual o momento oportuno que deva ser exigido o compliance nos certames. Se exigido no momento do julgamento, torna-se contrário aos princípios licitatórios, uma vez que limitaria a concorrência. Supõe-se que essa exigência seja mais eficaz se cobrada na fase de contratação com o erário. Diante do exposto, a fim de garantir a efetivação dos objetivos, utiliza-se o método de abordagem qualitativo de natureza básica, exploratória e de procedimento bibliográfico dedutivo.
Licitações, contratos e o impulso à contratação de aprendizes: um estudo sobre o impacto transformador da lei de licitações e contratos no quadro da aprendizagem profissional no estado do Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Sá Emerson Victor Hugo Costa de , Donadon Natasha Yasmine Castelo Branco , Braga Mauro Augusto Ponce de Leão
Published: March 2022

Uma das alterações promovidas pela nova lei de licitações e contratos administrativos (Lei n. 14.133/2021) consiste na exigência de cumprimento das cotas de aprendizes por parte de todos os contratados pelo poder público, na fase de licitação e durante a execução do contrato. Sendo assim, o presente estudo analisa o impacto transformador da nova lei de licitações e contratos administrativos no que tange à aprendizagem profissional. O recorte da pesquisa compreende a realidade do estado do Amazonas, com relação às empresas contratadas pelo poder público estadual e sediadas nos municípios da referida unidade federativa. Aborda-se, inicialmente, os principais avanços da nova legislação, a partir de uma leitura principiológica de ordem constitucional e legal quanto ao enfoque da pesquisa. Em seguida, discute-se a reserva de vagas para aprendizes como política de ação afirmativa, pois se trata de instrumento de discriminação positiva com vistas à garantia do acesso ao direito fundamental à profissionalização e ao não trabalho antes da idade adequada. Por fim, verifica-se o impacto da mudança normativa em relação à aprendizagem, a partir da comparação do quadro de contratação de aprendizes no estado do Amazonas no momento da pesquisa com relação ao panorama traçado pela nova lei. Original e atual, esta pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa utiliza o método indutivo e os procedimentos bibliográfico e documental.
A nova Lei de Licitações, as encomendas tecnológicas e o diálogo competitivo
Authors: Coutinho Debora De Oliveira , Fernandes Andre Dias
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como as normas da Lei nº 14.133/2021 podem ser aplicadas, em conjunto com a Lei de Inovação e o Decreto nº 9.283/2018, para dar vida às encomendas tecnológicas, modalidade contratual necessária ao desenvolvimento nacional e à redução das desigualdades regionais, mas ainda muito pouco conhecida e aplicada na prática no Brasil. As encomendas tecnológicas são compras públicas direcionadas para demandas especiais em razão de desafios específicos, seja pela inviabilidade econômica ou indisponibilidade/inexistência, no mercado, de produtos, serviços ou sistemas adequados para aquele fim, de interesse de órgãos e entidades da Administração Pública. Tendo o risco tecnológico como elemento essencial, são direcionadas para a busca de soluções de inovação mediante pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D), conforme previsão do art. 27 do Decreto nº 9.283/18. Apesar da importância das encomendas tecnológicas e da necessidade de contrato administrativo para formalizá-las, a nova lei de licitações foi lacônica quanto ao tema. Discute-se, especialmente, se o diálogo competitivo, uma das grandes inovações da Lei nº 14.133/2021, pode ser empregado para contratação de encomendas tecnológicas. Conclui-se que embora seja tecnicamente possível, na maioria das vezes não será recomendável. Prognostica-se que, em regra, a contratação direta nos termos do art. 20 da Lei de Inovação tende a ser mais conveniente e vantajosa para a Administração Pública e para o próprio interesse público. A metodologia empregada é teórica, bibliográfica, descritiva e exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, com prevalência do método dedutivo.
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Tuberkulosis di Indonesia
Authors: Pralambang Sesar Dayu , Setiawan Sona
Published: March 2022

Tuberkulosis adalah suatu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis menular melalui udara (airborne disease). dari penderita sakit tuberkulosis ke orang lain disekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui lebih rinci faktor apa sajakah yang berpengaruh terhadap tingginya kejadian di Indonesia. Metode yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan telaah artikel atau jurnal yang penerbitannya kurang dari 10 tahun dan tersedia di database online (Proquest, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Wiley Online dan Google Cendekia). Hasil dari meta analisis didapatkan bahwa faktor sosiodemografi (jenis kelamin laki-laki OR= 4,19, umur yang lebih dari 36 tahun OR = 3,54, status pendidikan yang buta huruf atau tidak sekolah OR = 3,65, status perkawinan yang belum menikah OR = 8,40, pendapatan keluarga yang kurang dari 10.000 rupee OR = 1,32, jenis pekerjaan yang menganggur atau tidak bekerja berisiko OR= 2,69, orang yang memiliki BMI berat badan kurang OR = 13,57), Faktor Lingkungan (sinar matahari yang masuk kerumah OR 3-7, tidak adanya ventilasi buatan OR = 1,57, riwayat kontak orang penderita tuberkulosis OR = 5,42, dan jumlah keluarga yang diatas >5 OR = 4,10), Host-Related Factor (kebiasaan merokok OR = 2,40) dan Faktor Komorbid (orang yang mengidap status HIV positif OR = 11,70, orang yang memiliki Diabetes OR = 1,53 dan riwayat asma OR = 2,53). Kesimpulannya dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis diantaranya faktor sosiodemografi (jenis kelamin, umur, status pendidikan, status perkawinan, pendapatan keluarga, jenis pekerjaan, BMI), faktor Lingkungan (sinar matahari yang masuk kerumah, adanya ventilasi buatan, riwayat kontak orang penderita tuberkulosis, dan jumlah keluarga), host-related factor (kebiasaan merokok) dan faktor komorbid (HIV, Diabetes dan Asma)
Kinerja Pelaksana Manajemen Informasi Kesehatan di Lingkungan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bondowoso
Authors: Usada Nanthyan Khampa , Prabawa Artha
Published: March 2022

Sistem manajemen dan informasi kesehatan merupakan komponen yang berfokus pada terwujudnya sistem kesehatan yang berdaya guna dan berhasil guna secara efektif dan efisien. Pentingnya tujuan tersebut menjadi dasar aturan bahwa setiap fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan berkewajiban dalam menyelenggarakan Sistem Informasi Kesehatan (SIK) demi membantu tercapainya sasaran pembangunan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis determinan kinerja pelaksana manajemen sistem informasi kesehatan di lingkungan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bondowoso. Merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan sistem menggunakan metode cross sectional. Kuesioner online dengan google form disebarkan melalui whatsapp group terhadap sampel penelitian yaitu seluruh (111 responden) pelaksana manajemen sistem informasi kesehatan di 25 puskesmas. Hasil menunjukkan responden berkinerja baik 55,0%. Menggunakan uji Chi-Square faktor input yang berpengaruh signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap output berupa kinerja adalah usia, pendidikan terakhir, keterampilan, pengetahuan, dan sarana prasarana.
Sistem Informasi Pengukuran Efektivitas Mesin Kemas Dengan Metode Overall Effectiveness (OEE) Pada PT Finusolprima Farma Internasional
Authors: Farezy Andre , Baydhowi Muhamad
Published: March 2022

Abstrak: Pengemasan sekunder merupakan salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk melindungi obat dari lingkungan sekitarnya sehingga kualitas dari obat dapat tetap terjaga hingga nanti sampai ke konsumen. Produktivitas suatu proses pengemasan sekunder dapat ditingkatkan/dipertahankan dengan melakukan evaluasi rutin terhadap prosesnya. Evaluasi yang dilakukan adalah dengan analisis OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness). OEE merupakan suatu metode perhitungan yang digunakan untuk mengetahui efektivitas suatu proses yang sedang dilaksanakan dengan mengidentifikasi persentase waktu produksi yang benar-benar produktif yang dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor, yaitu availability, performance, dan quality. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati proses pengisian OEE yang masih menggunakan form tertulis dimana hal ini banyak memakan waktu dari segi pengisian hingga transaksi penyerahan berkas dan pengisian Kembali yang dilakukan oleh admin untuk dapat menyimpulkan keseluruhan data. oleh sebab itu diperlukan teknologi informasi untuk membantu memperingkas aktivitas tersebut sehingga tidak diperlukannya lagi adanya pengisian secara manual pada sebuah form yang dilakukan operator dan transaksi penyerahan berkas terhadap admin dan pengisian data ulang yang dilakukan oleh admin dari form ke file.

 Kata kunci: Efektivitas, Pengukuruan, Sistem Informasi, Mesin Kemas,  Metode Overall Effectiveness
Historical Analogy and Political Continuity as Technologies of Power. The Armenian Genocide and Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Interrelation in the Contemporary Armenian Politics
Authors:   Institute of Political Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences, Krzysztan Bartłomiej
Published: March 2022

Analyses of the transformation and political change in Armenia pays noticeable attention to the dominant role of discourses of the Armenian Genocide and the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh for nation and state-building processes. At the same time, the two issues usually are investigated separately. Attempts are rarely made to interpret the interrelation and connection between the two narratives. Nevertheless, the trauma-based discourse of memory is linking the two narratives as technology of power through discursive structures/mechanisms of analogy and continuity. Methods of discourse analysis combined with expert interviews, internet questionnaires and ethnographic field research aim to analyse the crucial discursive patterns and mechanisms. Hypothetically, instrumentalized and ideological usage of combined narratives are impacting the political changes, in Post-Soviet Armenia. The article touches upon only one aspect of the discursive interrelation between the Armenian Genocide and the Nagorno-Karabakh issue. Thus, the subject under the question is the impact of theusage of historical analogy and the idea of continuity understand as technologies on contemporary Armenian politics of memory.
Addressing the Need for Wider Access to the SI Unit of Mass Following the Revision of the International System of Units
Authors:   National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Davidson Stuart
Published: March 2022

The International System of Units (SI), which provides the basis for all physical measurements, is due to be revised in 2018. The current system, defined by seven base units, will be replaced by a "New SI" where all units are defined in terms of a set of seven reference constants, to be known as the "defining constants of the SI". The aim is to provide a simpler and more fundamental definition of the entire SI, which will also dispense with the last of the definitions based on a material artifact • the international prototype kilogram. In the new SI the kilogram will be defined in terms of a fixed value of the Planck constant, h. This definition theoretically gives universal access to the unit and facilitates a robust and egalitarian mass scale, but only if sufficient laboratories are able to realise mass from the new definition. Currently the projects able to realise the mass unit to the level of accuracy required are the Kibble (watt) balance and Avogadro experiments. The present implementations of these experiments are extremely expensive, difficult to duplicate and complicated and time consuming to operate. The Kibble balance experiment, which originated at NPL in 1975, equates virtual electrical and mechanical power. Once a numerical value of h has been fixed the Kibble balance can be used to determine mass in terms of quantum electrical phenomena (the Josephson and quantum Hall effects) and measurements of velocity and local gravity. NPL has proposed improvements to the Kibble balance which have the potential to significantly reduce the cost and complexity of both constructing and operating the balance. NPL is currently working on a technology demonstrator to test the viability of the proposed improvements. A second technology demonstrator will test the viability of a Kibble balance based on a "seismometer" mechanism using flexures for both weighing and moving, and incorporating a highly stable electromagnetic “tare” system making the apparatus much less sensitive to alignment issues. This paper outlines the proposed improvements in the Kibble balance design and examine more generally the likely effect of the revision of the SI on mass metrology in the future.
A New Semi-Automated System for the Determination of Effective Area of Ruska/Fluke Calibration 246X Piston-Cylinders
Authors:   Fluke Calibration, Blair Michael
Published: March 2022

Model 2465 and 2468 Piston Gauges are used to disseminate traceability in gas pressure at a very low uncertainty for various applications in a range of 1.4 to 7000 kPa in gauge or absolute modes. The most important and the most difficult metrological characteristic to determine is the effective area of the piston-cylinder, the primary measuring element of a piston gauge. The process to determine effective area, called crossfloating, can be time consuming and subject to influences by the personnel performing the work if done manually. The Fluke Calibration Primary Pressure and Flow Laboratory supports the effective area determination of over 200 of these piston-cylinders each year. These crossfloats can take up to eight hours to perform depending on the range. In June of 2016 efforts were taken by the Fluke Calibration Phoenix team to completely redesign the cross float bench for these piston-cylinders to improve process time without degradation of results. The intent was to design a system similar to the technology developed by Fluke Calibration in 2008 for a fully automated crossfloat system for a different model, but with some limitations on automation. The result was better than what was expected. This paper discusses the design of the crossfloat system, the methods used to validate the new process, and a compilation of the overall results.
From Counting Electrons to Calibrating Ammeters: Improved Methodologies for Traceable Measurements of Small Electric Currents
Authors:   National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Giblin Stephen P.
Published: March 2022

New technology, the ultra stable low-noise current amplifier and the electron pump, provide new methods for making traceable measurements of small DC electric currents. We review four traceability routes for small current measurements and discuss the merits of each one. We present three case studies of small current calibrations, highlighting the role of noise and drifting instrument offsets. We show how the Allan deviation is used as a statistical tool for designing a calibration cycle to correctly eliminate drifting instrument offsets from calibration data. We also present a simplified noise model for a low-current ammeter which predicts a lower limit to the achievable statistical uncertainty in a calibration.
Increased Out-of-Tolerance Incidents Customer Complaint Case Study
Authors:   Tektronix, Inc, Fleenor Jennifer
Published: March 2022

Resolution of a customer complaint is a critical component of any laboratory quality management system. This presentation will highlight a problem solving case study on the investigation, root cause identification, corrective action and implementation verification of a customer complaint initiated on the increased out-of-tolerance incidents of the customer’s thread plug inventory. The session will highlight the method employed to provide an integrated customer experience, transforming the complaint into a positive customer loyalty experience. Participants will receive useful information on the problem solving approach utilized to resolve this real-life customer complaint. Examples will include problem solving tools and the transformation of the complaint into a customer-centric system. Advice on the investigation, analysis, reporting and follow-up actions for the complaint will be shared.
The Metcert Cetification Scheme for Calibration Technicians
Authors:   National Laboratory Association - South Africa, Sidney Steve
Published: March 2022

After taking more than six years to establish and get off the ground, the National Laboratory Association • South Africa (NLA-SA) established a Certification for Persons Scheme for calibration technicians in 2008. During 2010 the first metrologist/calibration technicians were certified under this scheme which was aptly named MetCert (Metrologist Certification). Whilst adoption was initially slow, certification gathered substantial momentum once professional recognition became a requirement by local regulations and the local accreditor adopted MetCert as one of three mechanisms to satisfy this requirement. The paper will provide statistics on how many technicians and which fields they hold which certifications will be reported; difficulties and challenges that have been encountered and how they have been dealt with, as well as how to deal with ongoing competency requirements will also be highlighted. The authors of this paper have been intimately involved in the scheme’s development and they will reflect on its current status as well as the positive impact it has had on the South African calibration laboratory environment.
A Detailed Metrology Training Plan Including Competency-Based Credentialing
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering  Technology, Fuehne Joseph P. ,   Purdue Polytechnic Institute,   Advanced Manufacturing Center of Excellence
Published: March 2022

The Purdue Polytechnic Institute is one of ten colleges on the campus of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. Also included in the Institute is an outreach effort that includes ten locations spread throughout the state of Indiana to engage local communities and industries and to provide an alternative to the main campus for traditional and non-traditional students in those geographic areas. One of those areas is Columbus, Indiana, about an hour south of Indianapolis, and this paper relates experiences from that location. The Purdue Polytechnic Institute in Columbus, working together with corporate partner Cummins Inc., has developed a metrology training program that includes competency-based credentialing based on hands-on activities rather than a written test. This work includes specific details of the training program with activities required for competency-based credentialing. Many training programs include only a lecture/discussion format that usually include some written examination to demonstrate competency. In this plan, the Purdue Polytechnic Institute in Columbus utilizes metrology tools with targeted measurement artifacts, which may be 3-D printed, to facilitate learning and provide opportunities to demonstrate competency, leading to badges awarded by Purdue Polytechnic Institute for satisfactory performance. Criteria for earning the badges is also presented as well as tiered, layered approach to earning multiple badges. These metrology topics include dimensional metrology, surface finish metrology, and pressure metrology. Dimensional metrology is further layered for specific competencies involving different tools. Ultimately, this plan and effort will culminate in industry-accepted certifications based on earned badges and demonstrated competencies that are recognized throughout the manufacturing and measurement industries.
The SI Revisited by Universities
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM), Echeverria-Villagomez Salvador
Published: March 2022

The revision of the SI brings a great opportunity for many communities that make use of metrology, many times without realizing what is behind. Some of these communities are the whole society, common citizens that care for their health, safety and the environment; sellers-consumers; industry and enterprises; and the knowledge communities such as universities and research centers. This paper has to do with the meaning of the revision made to the SI by the scientific community and so, it is mostly of the interest of the last group, universities, engineering-science schools and research centers. The construction of the SI as a concept, or a system of concepts, clearly obeys the fundamental principles of formal science: the search for unity, totality and simplicity. From that standpoint, it is fairly easy to see how the development of the different disciplines in science have evolved together with the branches of metrology: classical mechanics with weights, length and time; electromagnetical theory with the electrical units of charge, current and tension; thermal sciences with the kelvin; chemistry with the mol; light with the candela… Are all of these necessary and independent to allow us understand and explain nature? Is this a ´generating set’ of vectors that has the scientific qualities of being all comprehensive and with the minimum expression? And what about the technological-material realizations of those concepts? Because measurement is the fundamental link that connects facts to theory. Without any of those anchors, there is no measurement. So, theoretical models have to be clearly understood by metrologists, as well as the practical means to materialize and demonstrate such theories, within certain values and margins of uncertainty. The paper analyses these questions and, knowing that ´the history of science is a succession or decreasing errors’ (F. Engels), makes a deep reflection on the parallel evolution of metrology with science and posts a proposal on how it could be taught in science and engineering universities to enrich their curricula.
NIST/CEESI Liquid Nitorgen Facility
Authors:   Colorado Engineering Experiment Station, Inc. (CEESI), Kegel Thomas
Published: March 2022

The topic of this paper is a liquid nitrogen flow calibration facility owned by NIST and operated by CEESI. The paper begins with a description of the components and operating procedures including recent improvements as well as future plans. The discussion continues with a summary of the uncertainty component. A detailed review identified key components that require additional data and analysis; several test programs under consideration are described. The paper concludes with a discussion of past and potential future applications. While the turbine meter represents the typical meter under calibration, the newer Coriolis technology is advancing in the market. The traditional client industries continue to be aerospace and gas processing with new calibration opportunities resulting from the rapid growth of LNG (liquefied natural gas) transportation and fuel.
True Logistical Control Leveraging a Cost Savings Shared Inventory System to Logistical Control of Drones
Authors:   Exelon PowerLabs LLC, Peters Cory R.
Published: March 2022

In the time of continued cost savings and efficiency building, our laboratory built a sophisticated system for sharing large amounts of shared equipment across a widely spread fleet. After years of successfully implementing this program and software, we have begun to pull other logistical controlled systems and testing into the process. Our company now deploys Drones used for testing and analysis throughout our sites through this shared governance program. Not only does this system coordinate the shipment of the units themselves (whether it is Measuring and Test Equipment or Drones), it helps coordinate the pilots and engineers analyzing the data when using the Drones. Now that our system has proven to be effective for situations other than test equipment, we are leveraging it to manage many more items throughout our fleet and beyond. This paper will discuss the details of the shared inventory concept and how it was leveraged for the work beyond metrology.
Optimizing Four Years of CO2 Biospheric Fluxes from OCO-2 and in situ data in TM5: Fire Emissions from GFED and Inferred from MOPITT CO data
Authors: Peiro Hélène , Crowell Sean , Moore III Berrien
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Column mixing ratio of carbon dioxide (CO2) data alone do not provide enough information for source attribution. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a product of inefficient combustion often used as a tracer of CO2. CO data can then provide a powerful constraint on fire emissions, supporting more accurate estimation of biospheric CO2 fluxes. In this framework and using the chemistry transport model TM5, a CO inversion using MOPITT v8 data is performed to estimate fire emissions which are then converted in CO2 fire emissions through the use of emission ratio. These CO2 fire emissions allow us, then, to estimate adjusted CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and respiration which are then used as priors for CO2 inversions constrained either by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) v9 or by in situ data. For comparison purpose, we also balanced the respiration using fire emissions from the Global Fire Database Emissions (GFED) version 3 (GFED3) and version 4.1s (GFED4.1s). We hence study the impact of CO fire emissions in our CO2 inversions at global, latitudinal and regional scales over the period 2015–2018 and compare our results to the two other similar approaches using GFED3 and GFED4.1s, as well as with an inversion using CASA-GFED3 fire and NEE priors. After comparison at the different scales, the inversions are evaluated against TCCON data. Results show that variations in posterior flux are much smaller across different prior mean fluxes when compared with the data assimilated. However, at global scale and for most of the regions, while the net fluxes remain robust, we can observe differences in fire emissions among the priors, resulting in large adjustments in the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) to match the fires and observations. Tropical flux estimates from in situ inversions are highly sensitive to the prior flux assumed, of which fires are a significant component. Slightly larger CO2 net sources are observed when using GFED4.1s and MOPITT CO prior in CO2 OCO-2 inversions than compared with the other priors, particularly during the 2015 El Niño event for most Tropical regions. Larger CO2 net sources with MOPITT CO and GFED4.1s priors are also observed in Tropical Asia in CO2 in situ inversions than compared with the other priors during the 2015–2016 El Niño period and shows large net emissions than compared to OCO-2 inversions. Evaluation with TCCON suggests that the re-balanced posterior simulated give biases and accuracy very close each other where biases have decreased and variability matches better the validation data than with the CASA-GFED3. Further work is needed to improve prior fluxes in Tropical regions where fires are a significant component.
Contributors to fluxgate magnetic noise in permalloy foils including a potential new copper alloy regime
Authors: Miles David M. , Dvorsky Richard , Greene Kenton , Hansen Christian T. , Narod B. Barry , Webb Michael D.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Fluxgate magnetometers provide sensitive and stable measurements of the static and low-frequency vector magnetic field. Fluxgates form a magnetic
field measurement by periodically saturating a ferromagnetic core and the intrinsic magnetic noise of this material can determine the noise floor of
the instrument. We present the results of an empirical experiment to understand the physical parameters that influence the intrinsic magnetic noise
of fluxgate cores. We compare two permalloy alloys – the historical standard 6 % molybdenum alloy and a new 28 % copper alloy. We examine
the influence of geometry using the historical standard 1 in. diameter spiral-wound ring core and a new stacked washer racetrack
design. We evaluate the influence of material thickness by comparing 100 and 50 µm foils. Finally, we investigate heat treatments in
terms of temperature and ramp rate and their role in both grain size and magnetic noise. The results of these experiments suggest that thinner
foils, potentially comprising the copper alloy, manufactured into continuous racetrack geometry washers may provide excellent performance in
fluxgate sensors.
Variability and extremes: statistical validation of the Alfred Wegener Institute Earth System Model (AWI-ESM)
Authors: Contzen Justus , Dickhaus Thorsten , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Coupled general circulation models are of paramount importance to quantitatively assessing the magnitude of future climate change. Usual methods for validating climate models include the evaluation of mean values and covariances, but less attention is directed to the evaluation of extremal behaviour. This is a problem because many severe consequences of climate change are due to climate extremes. We present a method for model validation in terms of extreme values based on classical extreme value theory. We further discuss a clustering algorithm to detect spatial dependencies and tendencies for concurrent extremes. To illustrate these methods, we analyse precipitation extremes of the Alfred Wegener Institute Earth System Model (AWI-ESM) global climate model and from other models that take part in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project CMIP6 and compare them to the reanalysis data set CRU TS4.04. The clustering algorithm presented here can be used to determine regions of the climate system that are then subjected to a further in-depth analysis, and there may also be applications in palaeoclimatology.