bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving patient care after stoma reversal
Authors: Taylor Claire
Published: May 2014

This article will examine the current service provision for patients who have had a temporary stoma reversal. Findings of a patient survey will be presented, highlighting the support and information received by 27 patients following a stoma reversal operation. Associated literature (Camilleri-Brennan and Steele, 2000; Sailer at al, 2000 ; Desnoo and Faithfull, 2006 ; Siassi et al, 2008 ; Chow et al, 2009 ) has confirmed a high likelihood of altered bowel function after stoma reversal, but makes less reference to the care that these patients require during the follow-up period. It is recommended that colorectal teams discuss the care implications for patients requiring stoma reversal, and appraise their care delivery to ensure patient needs are met.
Disclosing HIV status to HIV positive children before adolescence
Authors: Saunders Christopher
Published: May 2014

This literature review aims to explore the importance of disclosing HIV status to HIV positive children before they reach adolescence. Since the use of paediatric highly active antiretroviral therapy, many HIV positive children are now surviving into adulthood. This faces parents and healthcare workers with the difficult process of disclosing HIV status to children. A review of the literature has revealed discussions of the following themes: barriers to HIV disclosure before adolescence; disclosure as a process, rather than a one-off event; and the benefits of and need for HIV disclosure before adolescence. Parental beliefs and anxieties were found to be the main barrier to HIV disclosure and this needs to be addressed through education and governmental policies ( Department of Health (DH), 2007 ). HIV disclosure before adolescence is vital, as a lack of communication about HIV creates confusion and mistrust, harms psychosocial development, compromises the child's right to autonomy and increases the risk of uknowingly transmitting the disease.
Older people and laxative use: comparison between community and long-term care settings
Authors: Cusack Siobhán , Day Mary Rose , Wills Teresa , Coffey Alice
Published: May 2014

Constipation is a common problem affecting many older people's quality of life. The aim of the study was to describe and compare the frequency of use of laxative medication in Irish adults, aged 65 years and older, from the community and a long-term care setting. Participants (n=207) were part of the Irish ELDERMET project. The project aims to find out how diet and lifestyle influence, and are influenced by, the bacteria in the gut, and how this knowledge can be used to promote health in older Irish people. It has recruited over 450 people, aged 65 and older, and will use the information gathered from the extensive proforma to develop-recommendations, as well as functional foods/functional food ingredients specifically designed to promote and support health in older populations.

Data were collected between June 2008 and April 2010 using a survey questionnaire. A quantitative descriptive correlational design was used. Analysis was conducted using PASW Statistics 18.0. Participants in long-term care received a greater number of both laxatives and prescribed medications than community-dwelling participants. Increased polypharmacy was also seen in participants taking laxatives, with participants in long-term care significantly (p<0.001) more likely to take multiple laxatives. Nurses are in a key position to develop proactive approaches to the prevention and treatment of constipation.
Nurse-led ward rounds: a valuable contribution to acute stroke care
Authors: Catangui Elmer Javier , Slark Julia
Published: May 2014

Stroke is a devastating condition. The Royal College of Physicians (2008) highlights that integrated stroke care can improve patient care. Nurses are an integral part of the multidisciplinary team, providing 24/7 stroke care from planning and implementing care to the evaluation of the patient's condition. To improve the way nurses manage stroke patients in an acute setting, a nurse-led ward round was initiated to look at essential nursing care. The Imperial College Healthcare Trust stroke senior nursing team, consisting of a clinical nurse specialist, a ward manager, and a charge nurse, have organised a weekly stroke nurse–led ward round. The team takes rounds to each stroke patient in the ward to examine and evaluate the essentials of nursing care (e.g. oral care, skin integrity, continence, bowel and bladder management), and current stroke outcome measures. During the rounds, the team address nursing issues, make appropriate nursing goals, and discuss their plans with the nurses and other members of the team. A nurse-led ward round has addressed nursing issues in a timely proactive fashion. The initiative has been successful in improving clinical communication between nurses and patient involvement in their care planning. It has also empowered nurses to make decisions within their professional arena, and its contribution has had an impact on patient care and safety through early detection and prevention of stroke complications.
Electronic reminding technology for cognitive impairment
Authors: Mason Sarah , Craig David , O'Neill Sonia , Donnelly Mark , Nugent Chris
Published: May 2014

Demographic changes highlight the need to address disabilities associated with the costly morbidities of old age, such as dementia. Memory impairment associated with dementia represents a significant challenge for many older people. Difficulties occur in carrying out activities in their entirety or in commencing them at all. Technology has the potential to help individuals overcome the barriers created by cognitive disability in terms of performing activities of daily living and therefore help to maintain independence and enhance quality of life ( Czaja, 2005 ). This literature review examines the current reported research, which employs electronic reminding technology to support individuals with cognitive impairment. These devices range from everyday technologies, such as phones, to sophisticated interactive devices with specifically designed software. A summary of the current evidence base is presented and recommendations for future practice are made.
Addressing appearance-related distress across clinical conditions
Authors: Bessell Alyson , Dures Emma , Semple Cherith , Jackson Sue
Published: May 2014

Evidence is accumulating about the nature and prevalence of appearance-related distress across a variety of clinical populations. Health professionals working with specific patient groups are often aware of these difficulties and their detrimental effect on quality of life and wellbeing. However, many health professionals lack knowledge and skills on how to support patients, either within the team or via referral to relevant service providers who have expertise in managing appearance-related distress. This is mainly owing to a lack of information about screening, assessment measures and available interventions. The aim of this article is to consider how health professionals can support patients who experience distress as a result of living with a long-term physical health condition that has altered their appearance. This article summarises the challenges for patients and health professionals surrounding body image, altered appearance and associated distress. Gaps in relation to screening measures, differing types of intervention, appearance-related skills training for healthcare teams, care pathways and access to services are identified. A summary of the limited range of interventions currently available has been mapped onto a stepped model of care, ranging from self-help to intensive therapies. Finally, readers are pointed to helpful resources for understanding, identifying, addressing and signposting patients with appearance-related distress.
Implementation of nursing grand rounds at a large acute hospital trust
Authors: Odedra Katy , Hitchcock Jan
Published: May 2014

This article outlines the implementation of nursing grand rounds (NGRs) in one of the largest NHS teaching hospitals in the UK, to share clinical and professional expertise in providing quality and evidence-based care to registered nurses and allied health professionals. A pilot was successfully trialled on one hospital site for 3 months, which was then rolled out across the organization. The objectives of the programme encouraged participation from clinical nurse specialist colleagues to promote their role and present their work, including evidenced-based care, service improvement and research. A variety of multidisciplinary team members attended and highly evaluated the 3-month pilot NGRs. The criticism of having an inappropriately sized venue was addressed, and this coupled with offering food before lectures has encouraged greater participation and networking.
Student nurses' personality traits and the nursing profession: part 1
Authors: Baldacchino Donia R , Galea Paul
Published: May 2014

Individuals' attitudes stem partly from their personality traits, which may influence their interpersonal relationships with patients. Although personality traits are somewhat genetically determined, research has found that there are other factors, which may influence this, such as self-esteem, family, social and clinical environments and education. Part one of this article presents the methodology of a cross-sectional descriptive study that assessed the personality traits of two cohorts (n=116) of nursing/midwifery students aged 19–44 years (mean=21.5) in their third year of the nursing diploma/BSc (Hons) at the University of Malta. Data were collected by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Costa and McCrae, 1992a) in 2006. While acknowledging that this study limits generalisation of the findings such as, collection of data in the third year of the course, following an attrition rate of 47% (Diploma) and 23% (BSc) since the start of the course programme, the findings presented in part two shed light on the nature of personality traits of students who are attracted towards the nursing profession.
Psychology in sports injury rehabilitation
Authors: Concannon Michael , Pringle Bob
Published: May 2014

Using the case study of an 18-year-old track athlete with a chronic Achilles tendinopathy, this article identifies risk factors associated with training for major athletic events, such as the forthcoming Olympic Games, and presents evidence for adopting a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and management of athletic injury, addressing the physical aspects of the injury, as well as the psychological needs of the athlete. The athlete's GP and practice nurse, as well as a podiatrist and sport psychologist, are all involved in providing an accurate clinical diagnosis, effective physical intervention, and psychological skills training to address emotional issues and encourage adherence to the rehabilitation programme. Nurses, in both secondary and primary care, can play a crucial role; in this case, the practice nurse recognised the adverse impact that the injury was having on the athlete's emotional wellbeing before making a referral to a trained sport psychologist.
Chronic Oedema: Impact and Management
Authors: Todd Marie
Published: May 2014

Chronic oedema of all causes is thought to be more prevalent than studies have shown. The impact of this chronic condition encompasses many physical, psychological and social domains, many of which are not acknowledged nor addressed. Successful management relies on three factors. The first is early detection and commencement of treatment to prevent complications occurring. The second is an holistic multidimensional approach to address all the associated physical, psychological and social sequellae. Finally, collaboration between specialist and generalist health professionals is essential to ensure the best treatment is delivered in the best healthcare location.

To achieve these there needs to be a network of suitably qualified practitioners who are upskilled by robust awareness and education systems, all of which should be supported by stable financial and human resources.
The role of the surgical care practitioner within the surgical team
Authors: Quick Julie
Published: May 2014

Changes to the surgical workforce and the continued development of health policy have perpetuated the requirement for innovative perioperative roles. The surgical care practitioner is a nurse or allied health professional who works within a surgical team and has advanced perioperative skills, including the ability to undertake surgical interventions. With only limited literature evaluating this role, any benefits of their inclusion to a surgical team are largely anecdotal. This article presents the findings of an autoethnographic inquiry that explored the experiences of surgical team members who worked with the nurse researcher in her role as surgical care practitioner. Surgeons identified the provision of a knowledgeable, competent assistant and operator who enhanced patient care, helped maintain surgical services and supported the training of junior doctors. The professional, ethical and legal obligations of advanced perioperative practice were upheld. Interprofessional collaboration was improved, as was service provision. This further enhanced the patient experience. The traditional viewpoint that nurses who undertake tasks previously associated with medicine should be working to the standard of a doctor is challenged but requires further examination.
A nurse clinician's approach to knife crime prevention
Authors: England Rachel , Jackson Rob
Published: May 2014

This article outlines a new and creative contribution to knife crime prevention by an emergency nurse clinician and an initial evaluation of its effectiveness. The ‘knife crime prevention programme’ is delivered to young people aged 11–16 years by one of the authors, Rob Jackson, an emergency nurse clinician at Liverpool University Hospital; the aim is to educate young people about the medical consequences of knife injury. A group of 140 students and 17 teachers responded to a questionnaire evaluating the effectiveness of the session delivered to four schools in Liverpool. Students and teachers positively rated the session, with the combination of the nurse clinician's knowledge and expertise and photographs and depictions of knife crime as a unique and impacting approach to knife crime prevention. It is suggested that the nurse clinician and other experienced health professionals have an important contribution to make in preventive approaches to knife crime. Further evaluation of the knife crime prevention programme will be conducted by the authors.
Smoking and COPD: the impact of nature-nurture interactions
Authors: Clancy John , Turner Christopher
Published: May 2014

The maintenance of health (homeostasis) and the occurrence of disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are acquired through nature-nurture interactions. The inherited genotype of a person is responsible for producing a deficiency of enzymes called anti-proteases, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin, which protect lung tissue—or for producing an excess of enzymes, such as proteases, which destroy lung tissue. Smoking is discussed in this paper, since it is a major risk factor in the development of COPD, a condition affecting 3 million people in the UK. Research into genetics is beginning to indicate that smoking behaviour may be linked to some form of genetic disposition. Such an association would help health professionals deliver a more patient-centred smoking cessation service. This paper argues that the nurse, in this educator role, can only be considered a partial agent of homeostatic control with patients who have COPD, due to the progressive nature of this disease.
Safe and sound? Night-time checking in care homes
Authors: Eyers Ingrid , Carey-Smith Bruce , Evans Nina , Orpwood Roger
Published: May 2014

Current research into sleep in care homes indicates that care-giving processes at night disturb vital sleep—a key element in the everyday wellbeing of older people. This article considers the use of technology to support the provision of relationship-centred care at night. Within the context of a large study on sleep in later life, research was carried out to gain an understanding of care staff's acceptance of technology. The findings indicate a hesitancy to rely on technology. To fulfil a professional duty of care at night, the personal assessment of a resident's wellbeing is perceived as best when performed by care-home staff. However, in night-time care, a relationship-centred approach supported by technology has the potential to improve the sleep of older people living in care homes, which in turn could improve their active participation in everyday life.
Assessment of body temperature measurement options
Authors: Sund-Levander Märtha , Grodzinsky Ewa
Published: May 2014

Assessment of body temperature is important for decisions in nursing care, medical diagnosis, treatment and the need of laboratory tests. The definition of normal body temperature as 37°C was established in the middle of the 19th century. Since then the technical design and the accuracy of thermometers has been much improved. Knowledge of physical influence on the individual body temperature, such as thermoregulation and hormones, are still not taken into consideration in body temperature assessment. It is time for a change; the unadjusted mode should be used, without adjusting to another site and the same site of measurement should be used as far as possible. Peripheral sites, such as the axillary and the forehead site, are not recommended as an assessment of core body temperature in adults. Frail elderly individuals might have a low normal body temperature and therefore be at risk of being assessed as non-febrile. As the ear site is close to the hypothalamus and quickly responds to changes in the set point temperature, it is a preferable and recommendable site for measurement of body temperature.
Exploring the role of the inflammatory bowel disease nurse specialist
Authors: Greveson Kay , Woodward Sue
Published: May 2014

The number of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) nurses and the amount of biological therapies being used in IBD has proliferated over the past ten years. Coordinating and managing a biologics service requires highly skilled specialist nursing knowledge and awareness of the support, assessment, administration and monitoring required in supporting the patient through this pathway. This article explores the role of the nurse and clinical issues in managing patients receiving biological therapies.
The role of healthcare strategies in controlling antibiotic resistance
Authors: Aziz Ann-Marie
Published: May 2014

In an interview in March 2013, the Chief Medical Officer described antibiotic resistance as a ‘ticking time bomb’ and ranked it along with terrorism on a list of threats to the nation. Her report Infections and the Rise of Antimicrobial Resistance ( Department of Health, 2011 ) highlighted that, while a new infectious disease has been discovered nearly every year over the past three decades, there have been very few new antibiotics developed, leaving our armoury nearly empty. Antibiotic resistance is a universal problem that needs to be tackled by a wide variety of strategies and players. Our approach to tackling resistance to antibiotic agents must therefore also be dynamic. As well as reducing environmental use, we also need to lower antibiotic use in the healthcare setting. Healthcare workers have a huge role to play in combating antibiotic resistance. This article focuses on several issues related to antibiotic resistance, including antibiotic modes of action and the properties that confer resistance on bacteria. It includes information on antibiotic usage and describes current healthcare strategies we can adopt to help reduce the development of resistance.
Lemierre's syndrome: the importance of early detection
Authors: Hawes Dorothy , Linney Michael John , Wilkinson Rachel , Paul Siba Prosad
Published: May 2014

Sore throat is a common complaint, generally thought to be viral in origin, for which there may be a reluctance to prescribe antibiotics. This, combined with the emergence of antibiotic resistance, may explain the recent rise in the number of reports of Lemierre's syndrome (LS). LS characterises a postanginal septicaemia that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not recognised and treated early. This article describes the management of a 17-year-old boy diagnosed with LS to illustrate its classical presentation, common pitfalls in diagnosis and optimal management.
Health behaviours and attitudes towards being role models
Authors: Blake Holly , Harrison Catherine
Published: May 2014

Nurses are often viewed by the general public as role models for health. This study investigated health behaviours in pre-registered nurses and their attitudes towards being role models to their patients. In total, 540 pre-registered nurses self-reported their level of physical activity, smoking habits, alcohol intake and dietary habits. Overall, 24% were overweight or obese, 47% were not physically active enough to benefit their health, 73% did not eat the recommended five portions of fruit and vegetables per day, 40% reported binge drinking and 17% were smokers. However, respondents commonly held the belief that nurses should be role models for health, although opinions varied according to the individual's own health profile. Despite being educated in health promotion practice, health behaviours were less than exemplary in this sample and for many, appeared contradictory to participant's beliefs that nurses should be exemplars for health. Nursing education should emphasise the importance of translating learning to their own health behaviours to support a healthy future NHS workforce.
Facilitating nursing and midwifery research
Authors: Nixon Eileen , Young Sarah , Sellick Victoria , Wright Karen
Published: May 2014

Background:

Competing demands on the clinical time of nurses and midwives presents challenges to developing a research active culture.

Aim:

To engage nurses and midwives in a trust-wide research project.

Method:

A needs assessment of the local obstacles to participating in research was undertaken and a nursing and midwifery research strategy developed by representatives from clinical, research and academic departments. Following consultation with nursing and midwifery groups, an infection control research project was initiated and participatory workshops established.

Findings:

In total 50 nurses and midwives contributed to questionnaire design, data collection and analysis. Initial results were discussed at nursing/midwifery forums and presented at a newly formed grand round. Overall there were 573 nursing and midwifery contacts throughout the research process.

Conclusions:

This approach to facilitating nursing and midwifery research across an NHS trust has enabled large numbers of clinical staff to experience and contribute to a ‘live’ research project.
Conversations through barriers of language and interpretation
Authors: McCarthy Jane , Cassidy Irene , Graham Margaret M. , Tuohy Dympna
Published: May 2014

Ireland has become a multicultural society in just over a decade, with non-Irish nationals comprising 12% of the population. The challenge for nurses working in the Irish healthcare system is to provide culturally appropriate care to this diverse population. This paper reports on a qualitative descriptive study exploring nurses’ experiences of communicating with people from diverse cultures, and focuses on language barriers and the use of interpreters. The findings indicate that communicating with people who do not share the same first language is challenging, in particular the participants (nurses) were concerned about their ability to make a comprehensive assessment that ultimately forms the basis for quality care provision. The use of interpreters can inform the assessment process, but there are challenges in accessing and utilising these services. Further continuing education is required to promote culturally appropriate care. There is a need for increased discussion between nurses and interpreters to maximise communication with patients.
Complementary and alternative medicine in oncology nursing
Authors: Somani Salima , Ali Fauziya , Ali Tazeen Saeed , Lalani Nasreen Sulaiman
Published: May 2014

Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has increased globally, particularly among oncology patients. This study investigated the knowledge, experience and attitudes of oncology nurses towards CAM. A quantitative study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, where 132 oncology nurses were surveyed. The survey revealed that more than 50% of nurses had never heard about many of the CAM therapies used in Pakistan. Approximately 65% of the nurses had knowledge about prayer and less than 30% had experience of CAM education or training. In addition, the majority of nurses had seen patients using CAM and felt that their health status could be enhanced with the use of CAM. This study showed that oncology nurses had a positive experience of and attitude towards CAM, although they needed to enhance their knowledge of it to maximise patient satisfaction and quality of care.
Interventions in exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review
Authors: Bevan Gillian , Brown Michelle
Published: May 2014

Now recognised as a worldwide public health issue, the significance of promoting and encouraging exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has been acknowledged by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Documented policies about the importance of facilitating the support of breastfeeding women is currently receiving worldwide recognition ( WHO, 2011 ; WHO and UNICEF, 2003 ). This literature review will examine provision of support mechanisms for breastfeeding mothers, focusing on peer support in encouraging the starting and maintaining of EBF. Consideration will also be given to any barriers that may prevent higher success rates, as cultural and educational factors may have a significant impact on the starting and maintaining of EBF. These factors must be considered when starting support groups, networks or activities that aim to address this significant public health issue.
Facilitating an accelerated experience-based co-design project
Authors: Tollyfield Ruth
Published: May 2014

This article describes an accelerated experience-based co-design (AEBCD) quality improvement project that was undertaken in an adult critical care setting and the facilitation of that process. In doing so the aim is to encourage other clinical settings to engage with their patients, carers and staff alike and undertake their own quality improvement project.

Patient, carer and staff experience and its place in the quality sphere is outlined and the importance of capturing patient, carer and staff feedback established. Experience-based co-design (EBCD) is described along with the recently tested accelerated version of the process. An overview of the project and outline of the organisational tasks and activities undertaken by the facilitator are given. The facilitation of the process and key outcomes are discussed and reflected on. Recommendations for future undertakings of the accelerated process are given and conclusions drawn.
The impact of peer-led simulations on student nurses
Authors: Valler-Jones Tracey
Published: May 2014

Background: Simulation within nurse education has been widely accepted as an educational approach. However, this is mainly led by the facilitator with the student maintaining a passive role in the learning. Objectives: This paper describes a study that was undertaken to analyse the effectiveness of peer-led simulations in the undergraduate nursing programme. Design: A mixed-method approach was used for this study design. Settings: This study took place in a simulation suite within a university in the Midlands. Participants: Twenty four second-year child branch students were purposively selected to take part. Methods: Students designed and facilitated a simulation based on the care of a critically ill child. Formal assessment of the learning was collected via the use of a structured clinical examination. Students completed an evaluation of their perceived confidence and competence levels. Results: There was 100% pass rate in the assessment of students' clinical competence following the simulation. Thematic analysis of the evaluation highlighted the learning achieved by the students, not only of their clinical skills but also their personal development. Conclusions: The use of peer-led simulation promotes new learning and is a valuable educational approach.
Reducing anxiety in preoperative patients: a systematic review
Authors: Alanazi Alaa Ayyadhah
Published: May 2014

There are still uncertainties regarding the appropriateness and effectiveness of various modes of delivering preoperative education. Hence, this systematic review was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of various preoperative educational interventions in reducing preoperative anxiety. Fourteen interventional trials (12 randomised controlled trials and two pre/post test trials) involving a total of 1752 participants were included in the review. Four studies used audiovisual; two trials used visual; two trials used multimedia-supported education; one trial used a website; two trials involved verbal education delivered by a psychologist or a nurse facilitator coupled with leaflets; and one trial involved informational leaflets only. Eight of the 14 trials demonstrated that preoperative education intervention reduced preoperative anxiety significantly (P<0.05). It can be concluded that preoperative education interventions are promising in reducing preoperative anxiety in patients scheduled for surgical procedures.
Getting the most from ultrasound guidance for CVC insertion
Authors: Kelly Linda J
Published: May 2014

Ultrasound is an imaging technique that uses ultra-high frequency sound waves. The interaction of the sound waves with body tissue enables an image to be produced. Following guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2002) , the use of two-dimensional ultrasound imaging for central venous catheter (CVC) insertion has increased. Ultrasound provides the nurse with visualisation of the target vein as well as any other surrounding structures. It also demonstrates any variation in anatomy that the patient may have. Increased first-time puncture rates and decreased complications are among the benefits of ultrasound use for CVC placement described in the literature. However, NICE (2002) guidance recommended that education and training be sought by those using this technology. The aim of this article, therefore, is to provide useful information regarding ultrasound-guided venous access and to describe some techniques to improve image quality.
Living on Triangle Island
Authors: Bates Peter
Published: May 2014

This article, the first of a three-part series, explores the relationship between person-centred approaches, social inclusion and community engagement in the context of mental health. It is a ‘thinkpiece’, and forms the first of a suite of papers on emerging ideas.
Expressed emotion in family therapy: negative labelling or an aid to recovery?
Authors: Hutcheson Catriona
Published: May 2014

The median relapse rate for individuals with schizophrenia in a high expressed emotion (EE) environment is 48%, compared to 21 % in a low-EE environment. Background: It was identified that family interventions could modify expressed emotion resulting in a reduction in relapse rates and hospital admissions. Concern was raised that placing families in dichotomous categories of high and low EE amounts to stereotyping and families feeling hurt and alienated. EE is a controversial concept and clinicians are often encouraged not to use it, despite the evidence base which indicates family interventions (FI) aimed at reducing EE result in a reduction in relapse rates and admissions. The author critically evaluates the evidence base and a case study to explore the efficacy of a FI to reduce EE in recovery-focused healthcare. Families should never be labelled or stereotyped, but clinicians taking the time to understand the cause of high EE can offer recovery focused efficacious interventions.
The HPV vaccination programme: Is Britain ready?
Authors: Forbes Kate
Published: May 2014

After months of debate, the new HPV vaccination has now been chosen and schools throughout Britain are preparing to vaccinate hundreds of school-aged girls. With school nurses taking on this extra work, what will happen to the rest of their duties?
Talking to families about overweight children
Authors: Chadwick Paul , Sacher Paul , Swain Caroline
Published: May 2014

As the prevalence of child obesity increases, and as primary care trusts increasingly take the step of giving parents direct feedback of their child’s weight, school nurses and other health professionals need to talk openly, but sensitively, about children’s weight
The use of CBT to strengthen emotional wellbeing
Authors: Day Patricia
Published: May 2014

Traditional approaches are failing to address the high incidence of mental health issues in young people. In the first of two articles Patricia Day argues for a programme to strengthen young people’s emotional wellbeing based on cognitive behavioural therapy.
Providing support to school children with hyperacusis
Authors: Aazh Hashir , Moore Brian CJ , Prasher Deepak
Published: May 2014

Hyperacusis is a condition associated with irritation and discomfort from environmental sounds. A person with hyperacusis is bothered by sounds that are generally acceptable to others. Hyperacusis has been reported with people various pathologies as well as for people with no hearing loss or health condition. It is a common condition in children, especially children with Williams Syndrome, autistic spectrum disorder and tinnitus. The exact mechanisms underlying hyperacusis are unknown. However, it has been hypothesised that it may be a consequence of abnormally high gain applied by the central auditory system. Adverse emotional and behavioural reactions to the various sounds in the classroom may be experienced by school age children with hyperacusis. Audiological assessment and management of hyperacusis are briefly discussed in this article.
Combining the delivery of the human papillomavirus vaccine and the Td/IPV teenage booster
Authors: Gordon Jenny , Lansley Marilyn , Mitchell Dee
Published: May 2014

The school nursing service in East Berkshire follows the national immunisation schedule and offers the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) to girls aged 12-13 years (year 8). A booster dose of tetanus, diphtheria and polio (Td/IPV) is offered to girls and boys aged 14-15 years (year 10).

In the autumn of 2011, the school nursing service offered the HPV vaccine to girls in year 8 and the Td/IPV vaccine to boys and girls in year 8 on the same day.

This had a number of important advantages including an improvement in the uptake of both vaccines. There were additional benefits to the school nursing service in terms of cost savings, and to the school such as minimising disruption to classes and the students.
The effects of psoriasis on children's health and wellbeing
Authors: Renton Carla
Published: May 2014

Psoriasis affects around 2% (approximately 1.8 million people) of the UK population. Although psoriasis is often thought of as a condition affecting older adults, it can occur at any point in the lifespan, and around one third of those with the condition experience their first incidence of psoriasis before the age of 16 years. While psoriasis can be managed with effective treatment, it cannot be cured and is often lifelong. This article looks at the effect psoriasis can have on the quality of life and wellbeing of children and young people with the condition, as well as the role school nurses can play in supporting them.
Persistence and partnerships: School nurses, inequalities and the HPV vaccination programme
Authors: Boyce Tammy L , Holmes Alison
Published: May 2014

This study examines the role of school nurses in the delivery of the HPV immunisation programme. A qualitative study, including 80 semi-structured interviews, was conducted with health professionals (primarily school nurses) from across the four UK nations. Interviews explored the role of the school nurse in the HPV programme and efforts to address health inequalities. Many school nurses were persistent and flexible when targeting vulnerable young women and addressing health inequalities. In addition, understanding why parents and girls rejected the vaccine and working in partnerships were central to addressing health inequalities in the HPV vaccination programme. School nurses are a valuable part of the workforce tackling health inequalities in young people. Persistence and partnerships improved school nurses’ ability to address health inequalities. Future vaccination programmes can benefit from better understanding how differences in the delivery of an immunisation programme affects uptake and health inequalities.
Using motivational interviewing with young people: A case study
Authors: Day Patricia
Published: May 2014

School nurses need to be able to positively influence children and young people's lifestyles. In this article, Patricia Day provides looks at how motivational interviewing can help achieve this through a case study.
Oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices among secondary school students
Authors: Khamaiseh Abdullah , ALBashtawy Mohammed
Published: May 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices among secondary school students in the Al-Karak Governorate.

Method: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted from February to May 2012. Multi-stage random sampling was used. Six secondary public schools within Al-Karak Directorate were chosen randomly. Data was analysed using SPSS and P value was considered significant at 0.05.

Results: The results show that the mean knowledge scores for the secondary school children was 60.8 with a statistically significant difference between male and female students (P<0.05). Nearly three-quarters of them reported that regular visits to the dentist are necessary. In contrast, nearly half of them visited the dentist regularly and nearly one fifth of them would only visit the dentist when they felt pain. Nearly 80% of them brushed their teeth with a toothbrush, and about 35.5% of them brushed their teeth at least twice a day or more.

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the mean knowledge score of the school students was poor. A health education programme to be integrated within the school curriculum emphasizing oral health is highly recommended.
The Delphi method: a useful tool for the allied health researcher
Authors: Walker AM , Selfe J
Published: May 2014

The Delphi technique is a means of deducing consensus opinion from a panel of experts by means of consecutive rounds of questionnaires with post-round feedback. Sometimes regarded as an alternative to a committee meeting, the Delphi method has been widely used in nursing. It has considerable potential for increased use in allied health research.
Enabling care staff to relate to elderly people with acquired communication disabilities
Authors: Bryan Karen , Coles Ruth , Jordan Lesley , Kerr Jean , Lester Rosemary , Maxim Jane , Rudd Tony
Published: May 2014

This article reports the first stage of a project to develop and evaluate a training package on relating to elderly people with communication disabilities. The package has been designed specifically to train care assistants working in the adult residential care sector. The project was set up by Action for Dysphasic Adults, a charity with the specific remit to support people with aphasia and their carers, and was funded by the Department of Health.
‘Quasidisability’ experiences using simulation
Authors: Scullion Philip
Published: May 2014

Simulation as an educational technique within health care may generally be utilized as a relatively safe way of learning. This article examines the use of simulation as an educational tool in learning about ‘disability’. It gives attention to critiques, available research and ethical considerations, concluding that a review, giving close attention to aims and likely outcomes of simulation, is called for.
Physiotherapy rehabilitation after stroke
Authors: Jackson Jo
Published: May 2014

Stroke remains a major cause of disability and handicap in the adult population. The strong relationship between increasing age and the risk of stroke combined with an aging population will ensure that it continues to be a significant cause of disability into the next millennium. Professor Dennis Smith, speaking at the launch of the World Forum for Neurological Rehabilitation, felt that society still had a doom and gloom attitude towards stroke despite evidence to suggest that stroke is now less severe and disabling than in the past.
An introduction to reflexology
Authors: Williamson Jan
Published: May 2014

Reflexology is an ancient healing therapy. It focuses on stimulating ‘reflex points’ on the feet to maintain good health. Practitioners believe that by applying pressure to the reflex points it is possible to treat a wide range of disorders.
Professionalization through CPD: is it realistic for achieving our goals?
Authors: Haines Penelope J
Published: May 2014

Recent transformations within the health-care sector and the advent of the internal market have been accompanied by remarkable changes in terms of expectations of role among those responsible for health-care delivery. Even among the more established professional groups (Watkins et al, 1992), there is an acknowledgement of the challenge to occupational boundaries that have traditionally separated the various disciplines. Coupled with the uncertainty facing the health-care market,this has sparked a resurgence of interest in professionalization. While some disciplines have attempted to ring-fence their existing roles and accountabilities, there has been notable movement by some para-professional groups* to expand and extend their horizons, seeking to establish new professional groups through education, specialization and claimed expertise. This article examines the issues affecting the extension of practice for para-professionals and comments on the effectiveness of efforts currently under way to achieve credible and lasting increased professional status.
Arthritis and rehabilitation: developments in the nurse's role
Authors: Nolan Mike , Nolan Janet
Published: May 2014

This article focusing on arthritis is the third in a series concerned with the nurse's role in rehabilitation. Attention is first turned to patients' experiences of arthritis, followed by consideration of a range of psychosocial interventions. It is suggested that the nurse's role in arthritis care is reasonably well established; however, further developments, particularly in the community, are briefly explored.
An explorative study of the function of a multisensory environment
Authors: Kenyon Jayne , Hong Chia Swee
Published: May 2014

Multisensory environments have increasingly been used in establishments for clients with learning disabilities and more recently in the care of confused, elderly people. While some therapists advocate the use of multisensory environments for relaxation, others feel that these expensive facilities should be used for the development of skills (Chia et al, 1996). Despite being a widely accepted activity for clients with learning disabilities, there is a dearth of literature on the subject, coupled with little documentation on its efficacy (Mount and Cavet, 1995). Much of what therapists practice continues to be based to some extent on conjecture and anecdotal evidence and this is particularly true of the use of multisensory environments. This causes some difficulty for therapists as there is an increased demand from clients, purchasers and professionals for therapists to be accountable for the outcomes of therapeutic strategies that they use in service delivery.
Developmental dyspraxia 1: the diagnosis
Authors: Chu Sidney
Published: May 2014

Developmental dyspraxia is a specific disorder in which an individual presents deficits in the conceptualization and planning of motor acts. There is inconsistency in the use of this diagnostic term. Some professionals use it to describe a child with general motor impairment, others use it more specifically for children whose difficulties in motor execution result from poor praxis, especially in the processes of ideation and motor planning.

Clinically, it is important to differentiate the underlying deficits as the treatment for practic dysfunction is different from that for motor execution dysfunction. Part 1 of this article aims at promoting the use of the term to describe a primary dysfunction in the processes of ideation and motor planning. A brief historical perspective of the condition, the concept of praxis and dyspraxia, and issues of diagnosis will be presented. Part 2 will address issues related to evaluation and treatment.
SWOT analysis: a tool for continuing professional development
Authors: Atkinson Kim
Published: May 2014

Continuing professional development (CPD) is high on the agenda for all professionals working in health and social care. This paper suggests desirable qualities for an individual wishing to engage in CPD. It goes on to outline how SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis can be applied as a tool to help facilitate the progression of CPD. An illustration of the use of SWOT analysis in a professional development exercise is provided.
Prevention and management of violence in a secure youth centre
Authors: Epps Kevin , Moore Claire L , Hollin Clive R
Published: May 2014

Use of physical restraint is common in some children's homes, especially in response to violent, destructive behaviour. A lack of research has hindered the development of effective methods to prevent violence and to ensure that physical restraint is carried out safely. This paper presents the preliminary evaluation of the Protecting Rights in a Care Environment training course in a secure youth treatment centre.
Enabling people with aphasia to discuss quality of life
Authors: Murphy Joan
Published: May 2014

This article describes a study that examined the effectiveness of Talking Mats, a low-tech communication framework, in allowing people with communication difficulties as a result of stroke to discuss their quality of life. The study included 12 people in different residential situations. The findings have implications for consumer involvement in rehabilitation.
Improving community rehabilitation teams for people with stroke
Authors: Geddes JML , Chamberlain MA
Published: May 2014

Many trusts are setting up multidisciplinary teams to provide home-based rehabilitation for people with stroke. This article describes features of six award-winning teams which, in the authors' opinion, help ensure stability and the smooth running of such teams.
Depression and rheumatoid arthritis: exploring the evidence
Authors: Adams Jo , Pearce Sally
Published: May 2014

Rheumatoid arthritis has potentially severe psychological manifestations, yet typically it tends to be the physical aspects of this disease that are well addressed by health professionals. This paper reviews the literature regarding rheumatoid arthritis and the psychological impact of the disease upon individuals.
Muscle use during gait on land and in water
Authors: Petrofsky Jerrold , Lohman Everett , Laymon Michael , Connel Melanie , Parrish Crissy
Published: May 2014

A common assumption about gait training in water is that the use of muscles will be the same as on land. In this study, six subjects were examined walking on land and in water at different depths. For all of them, muscle use changed in water deeper than 50% of their height, which indicates that the optimal depth of water for gait training is about 50% of the body height.