bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Fresh-Keeping Paper Using Clove Essential Oil through Pickering Emulsion and Maintaining the Quality of Postharvest Cherry Tomatoes
Authors: Yu Youwei , Li Haochen , Song Yanfei , Mao Biyu , Huang Shaoze , Shao Zhuoya , Wang Dingxian , Yan Kejing , Zhang Shaoying
Published: April 2024

This study focused on developing a Pickering emulsion fresh-keeping paper that contained clove essential oil (CEO). Cherry tomatoes served as the test material for assessing the preservative efficacy of fresh-keeping paper. The results showed that Pickering emulsion had strong stability. Additionally, the fresh-keeping paper had a good antioxidant activity and sustained-release effect on CEO. In terms of the preservation effect, 0.75 wt% CEO Pickering emulsion paper reduced the decay incidence and weight loss of cherry tomatoes during 12-day storage. Fresh-keeping paper could also play a positive role in protecting the sensory index and color difference of tomatoes. It slowed the decline rate of soluble solid concentration (SSC) and titrable acid (TA). The vitamin C (Vc) and hardness of preserved tomatoes using fresh-keeping paper were maintained at a high level. The paper also inhibited the growth of microorganisms significantly. Therefore, 0.75 wt% CEO Pickering emulsion fresh-keeping paper displayed considerable potential for application in the preservation of postharvest fruits and vegetables. It is a novel fruit and vegetable preservation material worthy of development.
Mackerel and Seaweed Burger as a Functional Product for Brain and Cognitive Aging Prevention
Authors: Cardoso Carlos , Valentim Jorge , Gomes Romina , Matos Joana , Rego Andreia , Coelho Inês , Delgado Inês , Motta Carla , Castanheira Isabel , Prates José A. M. , Bandarra Narcisa M. , Afonso Cláudia
Published: April 2024

Most world countries are experiencing a remarkable aging process. Meanwhile, 50 million people are affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementia and there is an increasing trend in the incidence of these major health problems. In order to address these, the increasing evidence suggesting the protective effect of dietary interventions against cognitive decline during aging may suggest a response to this challenge. There are nutrients with a neuroprotective effect. However, Western diets are poor in healthy n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), iodine (I), and other nutrients that may protect against cognitive aging. Given DHA richness in chub mackerel (Scomber colias), high vitamin B9 levels in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), and I abundance in the seaweed Saccorhiza polyschides, a functional hamburger rich in these nutrients by using these ingredients was developed and its formulation was optimized in preliminary testing. The effects of culinary treatment (steaming, roasting, and grilling vs. raw) and digestion on bioaccessibility were evaluated. The hamburgers had high levels of n-3 PUFAs in the range of 42.0–46.4% and low levels of n-6 PUFAs (6.6–6.9%), resulting in high n-3/n-6 ratios (>6). Bioaccessibility studies showed that the hamburgers could provide the daily requirements of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + DHA with 19.6 g raw, 18.6 g steamed, 18.9 g roasted, or 15.1 g grilled hamburgers. Polyphenol enrichment by the seaweed and antioxidant activity were limited. The hamburgers contained high levels of Se and I at 48–61 μg/100 g ww and 221–255 μg/100 g ww, respectively. Selenium (Se) and I bioaccessibility levels were 70–85% and 57–70%, respectively, which can be considered high levels. Nonetheless, for reaching dietary requirements, considering the influence of culinary treatment and bioaccessibility, 152.2–184.2 g would be necessary to ensure daily Se requirements and 92.0–118.1 g for I needs.
Heat/Cold Stress and Methods to Mitigate Its Detrimental Impact on Pork and Poultry Meat: A Review
Authors: Lesiów Tomasz , Xiong Youling L.
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to provide an updated review and current understanding of the impact of extreme temperatures—focusing on heat stress (HS)—on the quality of pork and poultry meat, particularly amidst an unprecedented global rise in environmental temperatures. Acute or chronic HS can lead to the development of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat during short transportation or of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat associated with long transportation and seasonal changes in pork and poultry meat. While HS is more likely to result in PSE meat, cold stress (CS) is more commonly linked to the development of DFD meat. Methods aimed at mitigating the effects of HS include showering (water sprinkling/misting) during transport, as well as control and adequate ventilation rates in the truck, which not only improve animal welfare but also reduce mortality and the incidence of PSE meat. To mitigate CS, bedding on trailers and closing the tracks’ curtains (insulation) are viable strategies. Ongoing efforts to minimize meat quality deterioration due to HS or CS must prioritize the welfare of the livestock and focus on the scaleup of laboratory testing to commercial applications.
Tannin-Tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated from Traditional Fermented Tea Leaf (Miang) and Application in Fruit Wine Fermentation Using Longan Juice Mixed with Seed Extract as Substrate
Authors: Phovisay Somsay , Kodchasee Pratthana , Abdullahi Aliyu Dantani , Kham Nang Nwet Noon , Unban Kridsada , Kanpiengjai Apinun , Saenjum Chalermpong , Shetty Kalidas , Khanongnuch Chartchai
Published: April 2024

This study focused on isolating tannin-tolerant yeasts from Miang, a fermented tea leaf product collected from northern Laos PDR, and investigating related food applications. From 43 Miang samples, six yeast isolates capable of ethanol production were obtained, with five isolates showing growth on YPD agar containing 4% (w/v) tannic acid. Molecular identification revealed three isolates as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (B5-1, B5-2, and C6-3), along with Candida tropicalis and Kazachstania humilis. Due to safety considerations, only Saccharomyces spp. were selected for further tannic acid tolerance study to advance food applications. Tannic acid at 1% (w/v) significantly influenced ethanol fermentation in all S. cerevisiae isolates. Notably, B5-2 and C6-3 showed high ethanol fermentation efficiency (2.5% w/v), while others were strongly inhibited. The application of tannin-tolerant yeasts in longan fruit wine (LFW) fermentation with longan seed extract (LSE) supplementation as a source of tannin revealed that C6-3 had the best efficacy for LFW fermentation. C6-3 showed promising efficacy, particularly with LSE supplementation, enhancing phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and inhibiting α-glucosidase activity, indicating potential antidiabetic properties. These findings underscore the potential of tannin-tolerant S. cerevisiae C6-3 for fermenting beverages from tannin-rich substrates like LSE, with implications for functional foods and nutraceuticals promoting health benefits.
Enhancement of Nutritional Substance, Trace Elements, and Pigments in Waxy Maize Grains through Foliar Application of Selenite
Authors: Lu Boyu , An Haoyuan , Song Xinli , Yang Bosen , Jian Zhuqing , Cui Fuzhu , Xue Jianfu , Gao Zhiqiang , Du Tianqing
Published: April 2024

Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient known for its essential role in human health and plant metabolism. Waxy maize (Zea mays L. sinensis kulesh)—known for its high nutritional quality and distinctive flavor—holds significant consumer appeal. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effects of foliar Se spraying on the nutritional quality of waxy maize grains, with a focus on identifying varietal differences and determining optimal Se dosage levels for maximizing nutritional benefits. We employed a two-factor split-plot design to assess the nutritional quality, trace elements, and pigment content of jinnuo20 (J20) and caitiannuo1965 (C1965) at the milk stage after being subjected to varying Se doses sprayed on five leaves. Our findings indicate superior nutrient content in J20 compared to C1965, with both varieties exhibiting optimal quality under Se3 treatment, falling within the safe range of Se-enriched agricultural products. JS3 (0.793) demonstrated the highest overall quality, followed by JS2 (0.606), JS4 (0.411), and JS1 (0.265), while CS0 had the lowest (−0.894). These results underscore the potential of foliar biofortification to enhance the functional component contents of waxy maize grains.
Research of Processing Technology of Longjing Tea with ‘Baiye 1’ Based on Non-Targeted Aroma Metabolomics
Authors: Teng Ruimin , Ao Cun , Huang Haitao , Shi Daliang , Mao Yuxiao , Zheng Xuxia , Zhao Yun
Published: April 2024

Longjing tea is favored by consumers due to its refreshing and delicate aroma, as well as its fresh and sweet flavor. In order to study the processing technology of Longjing tea with ‘Baiye 1’ tea varieties, solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to analyze the volatile components of Longjing tea in different process stages. The results revealed the identification of 275 aroma metabolites in the processing samples of Longjing tea. The sensory evaluation and principal component analysis revealed that the leaves of fresh (XY) and spreading (TF) were different from the leaves of first panning (YQ), second panning (EQ), final panning (HG), and fragrance enhancing (TX). The relative contents of geraniol (1199.95 and 1134.51), linalool (745.93 and 793.98), methyl salicylate (485.22 and 314.67), phenylethyl alcohol (280.14 and 393.98), 2-methylfuran (872.28 and 517.96), 2-butenal (56.01 and 154.60), and 2-hexenal (46.22 and 42.24), refreshing and floral substances in the XY and TF stages, were higher than other stages. The aroma contents of 2-methylfuran, furfural, 2-methyl-1-penten-3-one, 3-hexen-2-one, dodecane, hexanoyl hexanoate, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, and methyl-pyrazine were found to be significantly positively correlated with the intensity of chestnut aroma. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of the composition and formation mechanism of chestnut-like aroma and provides new insights into the processing technology to improve the quality of albino green tea.
Sustainable Utilization of Mushroom By-Products Processed with a Combined Osmotic Dehydration Pretreatment and a Hot-Air-Drying Step
Authors: Stavropoulou Natalia A. , Lazou Andriana E. , Giannakourou Maria C.
Published: April 2024

Mushroom production and consumption are gaining increased interest due to their unique flavor and nutritional value. However, in the mushroom industry, large amounts of by-products are generated, which have a high negative environmental and economic impact. In this study, an osmotic dehydration process followed by hot-air-drying was applied to mushroom stems to produce dried mushrooms as the end product. The osmotic dehydration conditions (concentration of hypertonic solution, specifically, 10–30% maltodextrin and 20–40% oligofructose; a treatment time of 40–80 min; and a temperature range of 30–50 °C) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that a four-factor three-level Box–Behnken experimental design was effectively implemented to evaluate the effect of the process parameters and identify the optimal osmotic dehydration conditions for producing osmotically dehydrated mushrooms. The main factor affecting mass transfer was the osmosis temperature, and the optimal conditions were found to be 38 °C, 40% oligofructose and 19.3% maltodextrin as the osmotic agents, and 80 min of immersion time. Moreover, the results showed that osmotic pretreatment, in the optimal conditions, significantly reduced the required drying time of the by-products compared to traditional hot-air-drying, especially at milder drying temperatures. Consequently, the required energy was also reduced by at least 40% at 50 °C.
Analysis of the Fractal Dimension, b-value, Slip Ratio, and Decay Rate of Aftershock Seismicity Following the 6 February 2023 (Mw 7.8 and 7.5) Türkiye Earthquakes
Authors: Ali Sherif M. , Abdelrahman Kamal
Published: April 2024

On 6 February 2023, Türkiye experienced a pair of consecutive earthquakes with magnitudes of Mw 7.8 and 7.5, and accompanied by an intense aftershock sequence. These seismic events were particularly impactful on the segments of the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), causing extensive damage to both human life and urban centers in Türkiye and Syria. This study explores the analysis of a dataset spanning almost one year following the Turkiye mainshocks, including 471 events with a magnitude of completeness (Mc) ≥ 4.4. We employed the maximum likelihood approach to estimate the b-value and Omori-Utsu parameters (K, c, and p-values). The estimated b-value is 1.21 ± 0.1, indicating that the mainshocks occurred in a region characterized by elevated stress levels, leading to a sequence of aftershocks of larger magnitudes due to notable irregularities in the rupture zone. The aftershock decay rate (p-value = 1.1 ± 0.04) indicates a rapid decrease in stress levels following the main shocks. However, the c-value of 0.204 ± 0.058 would indicate a relatively moderate or low initial productivity of aftershocks. Furthermore, the k-value of 76.75 ± 8.84 suggests that the decay of aftershock activity commenced within a range of approximately 68 to 86 days following the mainshocks. The fractal dimension (Dc) was assessed using the correlation integral method, yielding a value of 0.99 ± 0.03. This implies a tendency toward clustering in the aftershock seismicity and a linear configuration of the epicenters. The slip ratio during the aftershock activity was determined to be 0.75, signifying that 75% of the total slip occurred in the primary rupture, with the remaining fraction distributed among secondary faults. The methodologies and insights acquired in this research can be extended to assist in forecasting aftershock occurrences for future earthquakes, thus offering crucial data for future risk assessment.
Conformal and Non-Minimal Couplings in Fractional Cosmology
Authors: Marroquín Kevin , Leon Genly , Millano Alfredo D. , Michea Claudio , Paliathanasis Andronikos
Published: April 2024

Fractional differential calculus is a mathematical tool that has found applications in the study of social and physical behaviors considered “anomalous”. It is often used when traditional integer derivatives models fail to represent cases where the power law is observed accurately. Fractional calculus must reflect non-local, frequency- and history-dependent properties of power-law phenomena. This tool has various important applications, such as fractional mass conservation, electrochemical analysis, groundwater flow problems, and fractional spatiotemporal diffusion equations. It can also be used in cosmology to explain late-time cosmic acceleration without the need for dark energy. We review some models using fractional differential equations. We look at the Einstein–Hilbert action, which is based on a fractional derivative action, and add a scalar field, ϕ, to create a non-minimal interaction theory with the coupling, ξRϕ2, between gravity and the scalar field, where ξ is the interaction constant. By employing various mathematical approaches, we can offer precise schemes to find analytical and numerical approximations of the solutions. Moreover, we comprehensively study the modified cosmological equations and analyze the solution space using the theory of dynamical systems and asymptotic expansion methods. This enables us to provide a qualitative description of cosmologies with a scalar field based on fractional calculus formalism.
Constrained State Regulation Problem of Descriptor Fractional-Order Linear Continuous-Time Systems
Authors: Yang Hongli , Si Xindong , Ivanov Ivan G.
Published: April 2024

This paper deals with the constrained state regulation problem (CSRP) of descriptor fractional-order linear continuous-time systems (DFOLCS) with order 0<α<1. The objective is to establish the existence of conditions for a linear feedback control law within state constraints and to propose a method for solving the CSRP of DFOLCS. First, based on the decomposition and separation method and coordinate transformation, the DFOLCS can be transformed into an equivalent fractional-order reduced system; hence, the CSRP of the DFOLCS is equivalent to the CSRP of the reduced system. By means of positive invariant sets theory, Lyapunov stability theory, and some mathematical techniques, necessary and sufficient conditions for the polyhedral positive invariant set of the equivalent reduced system are presented. Models and corresponding algorithms for solving the CSRP of a linear feedback controller are also presented by the obtained conditions. Under the condition that the resulting closed system is positive, the given model of the CSRP in this paper for the DFOLCS is formulated as nonlinear programming with a linear objective function and quadratic mixed constraints. Two numerical examples illustrate the proposed method.
Dynamics and Complexity Analysis of Fractional-Order Inventory Management System Model
Authors: Lei Tengfei , Li Rita Yi Man , Deeprasert Jirawan , Fu Haiyan
Published: April 2024

To accurately depict inventory management over time, this paper introduces a fractional inventory management model that builds upon the existing classical inventory management framework. According to the definition of fractional difference equation, the numerical solution and phase diagram of an inventory management system are obtained by MATLAB simulation. The influence of parameters on the nonlinear behavior of the system is analyzed by a bifurcation diagram and largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE). Combined with the related indexes of time series, the complex characteristics of a quantization system are analyzed using spectral entropy and C0. This study concluded that the changing law of system complexity is consistent with the LLE of the system. By analyzing the influence of order on the system, it is found that the inventory changes will be periodic in some areas when the system is fractional, which is close to the actual conditions of the company’s inventory situation. The research results of this paper provide useful information for inventory managers to implement inventory and facility management strategies.
On Theoretical and Numerical Results of Serum Hepatitis Disease Using Piecewise Fractal–Fractional Perspectives
Authors: Khan Zareen A. , Ali Arshad , Irshad Ateeq Ur Rehman , Ozdemir Burhanettin , Alrabaiah Hussam
Published: April 2024

In the present research, we consider a biological model of serum hepatitis disease. We carry out a detailed analysis of the mentioned model along with a class with asymptomatic carriers to explore its theoretical and numerical aspects. We initiate the study by using the piecewise fractal–fractional derivative (FFD) by which the crossover effects within the model are examined. We split the time interval into subintervals. In one subinterval, FFD with a power law kernel is taken, while in the second one, FFD with an exponential decay kernel of the proposed model is considered. This model is then studied for its disease-free equilibrium point, existence, and Hyers–Ulam (H-U) stability results. For numerical results of the model and a visual presentation, we apply the Lagrange interpolation method and an extended Adams–Bashforth–Moulton (ABM) method, respectively.
Preparation of Gel Forming Polymer-Based Sprays for First Aid Care of Skin Injuries
Authors: Alves Patrícia , Luzio Diana , de Sá Kevin , Correia Ilídio , Ferreira Paula
Published: April 2024

Currently, there are several types of materials for the treatment of wounds, burns, and other topical injuries available on the market. The most used are gauzes and compresses due to their fluid absorption capacity; however, these materials adhere to the surface of the lesions, which can lead to further bleeding and tissue damage upon removal. In the present study, the development of a polymer-based gel that can be applied as a spray provides a new vision in injury protection, respecting the requirements of safety, ease, and quickness of both applicability and removal. The following polymeric sprays were developed to further obtain gels based on different polymers: hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a plasticizer. The developed sprays revealed suitable properties for use in topical injuries. A protective film was obtained when sprayed on a surface through a casting mechanism. The obtained films adhered to the surface of biological tissue (pig muscle), turning into a gel when the exudate was absorbed, and proved to be washable with saline solution and contribute to the clotting process. Moreover, biocompatibility results showed that all materials were biocompatible, as cell viability was over 90% for all the materials.
Goethe’s Early Historical Dramas
Authors: Schweissinger Marc Jeremias
Published: April 2024

In this essay, Goethe’s early historical plays, Götz von Berlichingen, published in 1773, and Egmont, published only in 1787, are compared. So far, scholarly work has not recognized enough of the differences between both works. Goethe’s intellectual development from the young Storm and Stress writer of Götz to the publication of Egmont fourteen years later has not been considered sufficiently. Goethe’s development is clearly reflected in his protagonists’ deeds and intentions. Goethe’s Götz fights predominantly for his own rights and his family. Egmont aims higher; he is more concerned with the welfare state of society and reflects on political issues Götz is unable to consider. Moreover, Goethe takes, in both cases, poetic license to create a different picture of his protagonists’ failures than historical sources provide. This finally leads to the introduction of the term preclassic to differentiate between Götz and Egmont.
Successful Aging of Korean Older Adults Engaging in Sports Regularly: Health Beliefs, Exercise Adherence Intention, and Health Promotion Behavior
Authors: Kim Song-Eun , Bae Jun-Su , Seo Eun-Chul , So Wi-Young , Sim Young-Kyun
Published: April 2024

The population of older adults is increasing more rapidly in Korea than in any other country, making successful aging a salient need in Korean society. For successful aging, older adults must engage in sports activities regularly. This study determined the relationships among health beliefs, exercise adherence intention, health promotion behavior, and successful aging among older adults who engage in sports activities regularly. The participants were 287 adults aged 65 years or older who live in Korea and exercise regularly. Data were collected through a survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. The integrated model lacked explanatory power in terms of goodness of fit, but the alternative model had sufficient explanatory power. The alternative model showed that health beliefs, exercise adherence intention, and health promotion behavior are significantly related and that health promotion behavior positively predicts successful aging. It also showed that health beliefs affect successful aging through the mediation of exercise adherence intention and health promotion behavior. This study is meaningful because it verifies the structural and theoretical relationships among health beliefs, exercise adherence intention, health promotion behavior, and successful aging. As a result, it provides information that can improve the welfare of older adults in Korean society.
Effects of Hypopressive Abdominal Training on Ventilatory Capacity and Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Herena-Funes Maria del Carmen , Correia de Alencar Caroline , Velázquez-Torres Dara María , Marrero García Elisenda , Castellote-Caballero Yolanda , León-Morillas Felipe , Infante-Guedes Aday , Cruz-Díaz David
Published: April 2024

Pelvic floor dysfunctions, associated with alterations in respiratory mechanics and, consequently, quality of life, are the cause of the most frequent gynecological problems. Pelvic floor muscle training emerges as a first-line treatment, with new approaches such as hypopressive exercises. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of an 8-week supervised training program of hypopressive exercises on the pelvic floor and its impact on improving the ventilatory mechanics and quality of life in women. Analysis of the spirometric parameters showed a significant main Group × Time effect for three parameters: the ratio of FEV1/FVC (p = 0.030), the forced expiratory flow at 75% of the expired vital capacity (p < 0.001), and the forced expiratory flow over the middle half of the forced vital capacity (p = 0.005). No statistical significance was found regarding the SF-12 questionnaire components; only differences were found over time in the physical role (p = 0.023), bodily pain (p = 0.001), and vitality (p < 0.010) domains and in the physical component summary score (p = 0.010). After an 8-week intervention of hypopressive exercises, an improvement in the ventilatory and pulmonary capacities can be observed.
Gait Compensation among Children with Non-Operative Legg–Calvé–Perthes Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mashabi Abdulrhman , Abdallat Rula , Alghamdi Mohammed S. , Al-Amri Mohammad
Published: April 2024

Perthes disease is a condition that affects walking patterns in young children due to poor blood circulation in the hip joint. Understanding the gait strategies of affected children is of great importance for an objective assessment and better management of this condition. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current literature to identify gait compensation patterns in non-operative children with Perthes disease. Methods: A systematic electronic search was performed using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies published from inception up until December 2023. An adapted Downs and Black checklist was utilised to assess methodological quality and project risk of bias. Percentage agreement and nominal kappa statistics with bootstrapped bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. Result: A comprehensive literature search revealed 277 citations for review, of which 210 studies entered full-text screening. In total, eight studies met the inclusion criteria for quality assessment by two independent reviewers. The results revealed variations in data quality, with scores ranging from 12 to 17 due to missing information related to subject characteristics, biomechanical model, and power calculation. Conclusions: This review reveals common compensation strategies associated with walking among non-operative children with Perthes disease such as Trendelenburg gait due to weakness of the hip abductor muscle.
Occupational Therapy Interventions to Improve the Quality of Life of Older Adults with Dementia Living in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Uceda-Portillo Cristian , Aranda-Valero Sandra , Moruno-Miralles Pedro
Published: April 2024

The increase in older adults with dementia presents challenges in promoting research to improve the quality of life of this population. The objective of this study was to assess the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions in improving the quality of life of older adults over 65 years old with dementia living in nursing homes. The databases used were PubMed, Web of Science, OTSeeker, clinicaltrials.gov, Dialnet, Scopus, Cochrane, and SciELO between 2013 and 2023. The studies were selected and evaluated according to the Cochrane guidelines. The review was carried out following the PRISMA 2020 Statement. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into four groups according to the focus of the intervention: “meaningful activities/occupations”, “physical, cognitive and sensory functioning”, “performance areas”, and “physical and social environment and staff training”. The strength of evidence was moderate, and the risk of bias was low. The findings revealed that occupational therapy interventions based on participation in recreational activities, reminiscence, performance-based activities and the physical and social environment, and specialized staff training, could improve the perceived quality of life of older adults with dementia living in nursing homes.
Online Health Information-Seeking Behaviour among People of African Descent in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Usman Jesse Enebi , Childs Charmaine , Rogerson David , Klonizakis Markos
Published: April 2024

Effective public health interventions rely on understanding how individuals access, interpret, and utilise health information. Studying the health information-seeking behaviour (HISB) of a community can provide valuable insights to inform strategies that address community health needs and challenges. This study explored the online HISBs of People of African Descent (PoAD) in the United Kingdom (UK), a demographic that comprises four percent of the UK population and has a 92.8% active Internet usage rate. Data on the HISB were collected from 21 PoAD across various UK regions through online semi-structured interviews before being analysed using reflexive Thematic Analysis (TA). The participants ranged in age from 20 to 70 years and had a mean age of 42.8 (SD ± 11.4). Our analysis of the interview transcripts revealed five key themes: Internet usage and preferences, attitudes toward social media, barriers to seeking health information online, trust in online health information, and cultural influences on online HISB. Our findings indicate a proactive engagement among PoAD in seeking health information online that is underscored by a preference for professional sources over ethnic congruence. However, concerns about misinformation exist, and there are barriers to accessing health information online, including data privacy, unreliable information, and information relevance and overload. We also found that cultural factors and traditional beliefs impact the adoption of Internet-based interventions among PoAD, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive approaches. Preferences regarding the frequency and delivery of online health information varied among participants, with a majority preferring a weekly update. This study emphasises the critical need for accessible, culturally appropriate, secure, and reliable online health resources tailored to the needs and preferences of the PoAD.
Elevated Altitude and Limestone Soil Promoted Fungal Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Sophora japonica
Authors: Yu Limin , Zhang Zhongfeng , Liu Peiyuan , Zhou Longwu , Tan Shuhui , Tang Chungui , Li Ying
Published: April 2024

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in mediating material transformation and nutrient cycling. However, little attention has been paid to the relationships between microbial communities and altitude and lithology in karst regions. Sophora japonica cv. Jinhuai is an officinal plant cultivated in karst areas, and there is a correlation between the dynamics of microbial community and ecological factors. This study examined the diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of S. japonica under different lithologies and altitudes in karst regions of northern Guangxi, China using high-throughput sequencing technology. It was found that the bacterial community consisted of 37 phyla, including Proteobacteria. The fungal community mainly comprised 15 phyla, including Ascomycota. The fungal Shannon and Chao1 indices increased with altitude, while the bacterial Shannon index decreased. The fungal Shannon indices in limestone soil were higher than those in dolomite. The soil’s microbial Shannon and Chao1 indices were positively affected by pH, while the available phosphorus and potassium had the opposite effect. Research shows that altitude, lithology, pH, and available phosphorus were the crucial factors influencing the rhizosphere soil microbial community. This study provides references for understanding the relationship between plants and microorganisms and the microbial distribution strategy of rocky desertification habitats in the future.
Using Mutation Breeding to Improve the Eating Characteristics of the Fusarium Wilt-Resistant Banana Variety, ‘Goldfinger’ (AAAB)
Authors: Robertson Katelyn , Hamill Sharon , Wright Carole , Bianco Massimo , Balsom Ashley , Moller Simoné , Pramanik Ishita , Lyons Philippa , Daniells Jeff
Published: April 2024

Banana production in Australia is under threat from Fusarium wilt Tropical Race 4 (TR4), and the option of growing a disease-resistant variety is sought after by many farmers. Goldfinger is one such alternative; however, it was previously rejected by Australian consumers. In Phase I of this investigation, mutagenesis was employed as a practical method to generate large numbers of novel variants. In Phase II, 631 variants were established in a field trial where agronomic and postharvest assessments, including taste-testing, identified 20 improved selections. Phase III involved a replicated field evaluation of the selections with favourable mutations, where further taste-testing revealed five selections with the most promising eating characteristics. In Phase IV, the five selections underwent large-scale consumer and sensory evaluations where four of them performed as well as the industry standard controls ‘Williams’ Cavendish and Lady Finger. The sensory analysis revealed differences in the fruit flavour profile and textural attributes, and these features will play a key role in bringing a new banana variety to market and for promotion to consumers. Screening of the variants’ resistance to yellow Sigatoka was integrated into the project, but further work is needed to ensure these four selections have retained their TR4 resistance.
Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol on the Effects of a Sensory Motor Intervention Associated with Kangaroo Skin-to-Skin Contact in Preterm Newborns
Authors: Reco Mariane de Oliveira Nunes , Soares-Marangoni Daniele Almeida
Published: April 2024

There is still very limited evidence on the effects of neonatal interventions on infant neurodevelopmental outcomes, including general movements (GMs). This research will primarily assess the effects of a sensory motor physical therapy intervention combined with kangaroo skin-to-skin contact on the GMs of hospitalized preterm newborns. Secondary outcomes include body weight, posture and muscle tone, behavioral state, length of hospital stay, and breastfeeding. This study protocol details a two-arm parallel clinical trial methodology, involving participants with a postmenstrual age of 34–35 weeks admitted to a Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit (NInCU) with poor repertoire GMs. Thirty-four participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group, receiving a 10-day sensory motor physical therapy associated with kangaroo skin-to-skin contact, or the control group, which will only receive kangaroo skin-to-skin contact. The study will measure GMs (primary outcome), and body weight, posture and muscle tone, behavioral state, length of hospital stay, and breastfeeding (secondary outcomes). Data collection occurs in the NInCU before and after the intervention, with follow-up measurements post discharge at 2–4 weeks and 12–15 weeks post-term. SPSS will be used for data analyses. The results will provide novel information on how sensory motor experiences may affect early neurodevelopment and clinical variables in preterm newborns.
Triggering Degradation of Host Cellular Proteins for Robust Propagation of Influenza Viruses
Authors: Xia Chuan , Wang Ting , Hahm Bumsuk
Published: April 2024

Following infection, influenza viruses strive to establish a new host cellular environment optimized for efficient viral replication and propagation. Influenza viruses use or hijack numerous host factors and machinery not only to fulfill their own replication process but also to constantly evade the host’s antiviral and immune response. For this purpose, influenza viruses appear to have formulated diverse strategies to manipulate the host proteins or signaling pathways. One of the most effective tactics is to specifically induce the degradation of the cellular proteins that are detrimental to the virus life cycle. Here, we summarize the cellular factors that are deemed to have been purposefully degraded by influenza virus infection. The focus is laid on the mechanisms for the protein ubiquitination and degradation in association with facilitated viral amplification. The fate of influenza viral infection of hosts is heavily reliant on the outcomes of the interplay between the virus and the host antiviral immunity. Understanding the processes of how influenza viruses instigate the protein destruction pathways could provide a foundation for the development of advanced therapeutics to target host proteins and conquer influenza.
Variable Penetrance and Expressivity of a Rare Pore Loss-of-Function Mutation (p.L889V) of Nav1.5 Channels in Three Spanish Families
Authors: Gallego-Delgado María , Cámara-Checa Anabel , Rubio-Alarcón Marcos , Heredero-Jung David , de la Fuente-Blanco Laura , Rapún Josu , Plata-Izquierdo Beatriz , Pérez-Martín Sara , Cebrián Jorge , Moreno de Redrojo Lucía , García-Berrocal Belén , Delpón Eva , Sánchez Pedro L. , Villacorta Eduardo , Caballero Ricardo
Published: April 2024

A novel rare mutation in the pore region of Nav1.5 channels (p.L889V) has been found in three unrelated Spanish families that produces quite diverse phenotypic manifestations (Brugada syndrome, conduction disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, sinus node dysfunction, etc.) with variable penetrance among families. We clinically characterized the carriers and recorded the Na+ current (INa) generated by p.L889V and native (WT) Nav1.5 channels, alone or in combination, to obtain further insight into the genotypic–phenotypic relationships in patients carrying SCN5A mutations and in the molecular determinants of the Nav1.5 channel function. The variant produced a strong dominant negative effect (DNE) since the peak INa generated by p.L889V channels expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, either alone (−69.4 ± 9.0 pA/pF) or in combination with WT (−62.2 ± 14.6 pA/pF), was significantly (n ≥ 17, p < 0.05) reduced compared to that generated by WT channels alone (−199.1 ± 44.1 pA/pF). The mutation shifted the voltage dependence of channel activation and inactivation to depolarized potentials, did not modify the density of the late component of INa, slightly decreased the peak window current, accelerated the recovery from fast and slow inactivation, and slowed the induction kinetics of slow inactivation, decreasing the fraction of channels entering this inactivated state. The membrane expression of p.L889V channels was low, and in silico molecular experiments demonstrated profound alterations in the disposition of the pore region of the mutated channels. Despite the mutation producing a marked DNE and reduction in the INa and being located in a critical domain of the channel, its penetrance and expressivity are quite variable among the carriers. Our results reinforce the argument that the incomplete penetrance and phenotypic variability of SCN5A loss-of-function mutations are the result of a combination of multiple factors, making it difficult to predict their expressivity in the carriers despite the combination of clinical, genetic, and functional studies.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Root Morphological Traits in an Interspecific Soybean Population Using 2D Imagery Data
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shafiqul , Ghimire Amit , Lay Liny , Khan Waleed , Lee Jeong-Dong , Song Qijian , Jo Hyun , Kim Yoonha
Published: April 2024

Roots are the hidden and most important part of plants. They serve as stabilizers and channels for uptaking water and nutrients and play a crucial role in the growth and development of plants. Here, two-dimensional image data were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling root traits in an interspecific mapping population derived from a cross between wild soybean ‘PI366121’ and cultivar ‘Williams 82’. A total of 2830 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used for genotyping, constructing genetic linkage maps, and analyzing QTLs. Forty-two QTLs were identified on twelve chromosomes, twelve of which were identified as major QTLs, with a phenotypic variation range of 36.12% to 39.11% and a logarithm of odds value range of 12.01 to 17.35. Two significant QTL regions for the average diameter, root volume, and link average diameter root traits were detected on chromosomes 3 and 13, and both wild and cultivated soybeans contributed positive alleles. Six candidate genes, Glyma.03G027500 (transketolase/glycoaldehyde transferase), Glyma.03G014500 (dehydrogenases), Glyma.13G341500 (leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase), Glyma.13G341400 (AGC kinase family protein), Glyma.13G331900 (60S ribosomal protein), and Glyma.13G333100 (aquaporin transporter) showed higher expression in root tissues based on publicly available transcriptome data. These results will help breeders improve soybean genetic components and enhance soybean root morphological traits using desirable alleles from wild soybeans.
Molecular Circuits of Immune Sensing and Response to Oncolytic Virotherapy
Authors: Bhatt Darshak K. , Daemen Toos
Published: April 2024

Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising immunotherapy approach for cancer treatment that utilizes viruses to preferentially infect and eliminate cancer cells while stimulating the immune response. In this review, we synthesize the current literature on the molecular circuits of immune sensing and response to oncolytic virotherapy, focusing on viral DNA or RNA sensing by infected cells, cytokine and danger-associated-signal sensing by neighboring cells, and the subsequent downstream activation of immune pathways. These sequential sense-and-response mechanisms involve the triggering of molecular sensors by viruses or infected cells to activate transcription factors and related genes for a breadth of immune responses. We describe how the molecular signals induced in the tumor upon virotherapy can trigger diverse immune signaling pathways, activating both antigen-presenting-cell-based innate and T cell-based adaptive immune responses. Insights into these complex mechanisms provide valuable knowledge for enhancing oncolytic virotherapy strategies.
Genome-Wide Identification, Phylogenetic and Expression Analysis of Expansin Gene Family in Medicago sativa L.
Authors: Li Yajing , Zhang Yangyang , Cui Jing , Wang Xue , Li Mingna , Zhang Lili , Kang Junmei
Published: April 2024

Expansins, a class of cell-wall-loosening proteins that regulate plant growth and stress resistance, have been studied in a variety of plant species. However, little is known about the Expansins present in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) due to the complexity of its tetraploidy. Based on the alfalfa (cultivar “XinjiangDaye”) reference genome, we identified 168 Expansin members (MsEXPs). Phylogenetic analysis showed that MsEXPs consist of four subfamilies: MsEXPAs (123), MsEXPBs (25), MsEXLAs (2), and MsEXLBs (18). MsEXPAs, which account for 73.2% of MsEXPs, and are divided into twelve groups (EXPA-I–EXPA-XII). Of these, EXPA-XI members are specific to Medicago trunctula and alfalfa. Gene composition analysis revealed that the members of each individual subfamily shared a similar structure. Interestingly, about 56.3% of the cis-acting elements were predicted to be associated with abiotic stress, and the majority were MYB- and MYC-binding motifs, accounting for 33.9% and 36.0%, respectively. Our short-term treatment (≤24 h) with NaCl (200 mM) or PEG (polyethylene glycol, 15%) showed that the transcriptional levels of 12 MsEXPs in seedlings were significantly altered at the tested time point(s), indicating that MsEXPs are osmotic-responsive. These findings imply the potential functions of MsEXPs in alfalfa adaptation to high salinity and/or drought. Future studies on MsEXP expression profiles under long-term (>24 h) stress treatment would provide valuable information on their involvement in the response of alfalfa to abiotic stress.
Special Issue ‘Advances in Neurodegenerative Diseases Research and Therapy 2.0’
Authors: Mitra Sumonto
Published: April 2024

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) and the development of various therapeutic strategies to combat them have received increased attention in recent decades [...]
Tinostamustine (EDO-S101), an Alkylating Deacetylase Inhibitor, Enhances the Efficacy of Daratumumab in Multiple Myeloma by Upregulation of CD38 and NKG2D Ligands
Authors: Díaz-Tejedor Andrea , Rodríguez-Ubreva Javier , Ciudad Laura , Lorenzo-Mohamed Mauro , González-Rodríguez Marta , Castellanos Bárbara , Sotolongo-Ravelo Janet , San-Segundo Laura , Corchete Luis A. , González-Méndez Lorena , Martín-Sánchez Montserrat , Mateos María-Victoria , Ocio Enrique M. , Garayoa Mercedes , Paíno Teresa
Published: April 2024

Multiple myeloma is a malignancy characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in bone marrow and the production of monoclonal immunoglobulin. A hallmark of cancer is the evasion of immune surveillance. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have been shown to promote the expression of silenced molecules and hold potential to increase the anti-MM efficacy of immunotherapy. The aim of the present work was to assess the potential effect of tinostamustine (EDO-S101), a first-in-class alkylating deacetylase inhibitor, in combination with daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb), through different preclinical studies. Tinostamustine increases CD38 expression in myeloma cell lines, an effect that occurs in parallel with an increment in CD38 histone H3 acetylation levels. Also, the expression of MICA and MICB, ligands for the NK cell activating receptor NKG2D, augments after tinostamustine treatment in myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells. Pretreatment of myeloma cell lines with tinostamustine increased the sensitivity of these cells to daratumumab through its different cytotoxic mechanisms, and the combination of these two drugs showed a higher anti-myeloma effect than individual treatments in ex vivo cultures of myeloma patients’ samples. In vivo data confirmed that tinostamustine pretreatment followed by daratumumab administration significantly delayed tumor growth and improved the survival of mice compared to individual treatments. In summary, our results suggest that tinostamustine could be a potential candidate to improve the efficacy of anti-CD38 mAbs.
RadPhysBio: A Radiobiological Database for the Prediction of Cell Survival upon Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Zanni Vassiliki , Papakonstantinou Dimitris , Kalospyros Spyridon A. , Karaoulanis Dimitris , Biz Gökay Mehmet , Manti Lorenzo , Adamopoulos Adam , Pavlopoulou Athanasia , Georgakilas Alexandros G.
Published: April 2024

Based on the need for radiobiological databases, in this work, we mined experimental ionizing radiation data of human cells treated with X-rays, γ-rays, carbon ions, protons and α-particles, by manually searching the relevant literature in PubMed from 1980 until 2024. In order to calculate normal and tumor cell survival α and β coefficients of the linear quadratic (LQ) established model, as well as the initial values of the double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, we used WebPlotDigitizer and Python programming language. We also produced complex DNA damage results through the fast Monte Carlo code MCDS in order to complete any missing data. The calculated α/β values are in good agreement with those valued reported in the literature, where α shows a relatively good association with linear energy transfer (LET), but not β. In general, a positive correlation between DSBs and LET was observed as far as the experimental values are concerned. Furthermore, we developed a biophysical prediction model by using machine learning, which showed a good performance for α, while it underscored LET as the most important feature for its prediction. In this study, we designed and developed the novel radiobiological ‘RadPhysBio’ database for the prediction of irradiated cell survival (α and β coefficients of the LQ model). The incorporation of machine learning and repair models increases the applicability of our results and the spectrum of potential users.