bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solution‐Processed Nanocoating of Ca2Nb3O10 and Polydopamine for Anticorrosion on Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Yang Kai , Zhang Pengxiang , Feng Zhenzhen , Wang Yunfan , Peng Jian , Li Bao‐Wen
Published: April 2024

2D materials have exhibited great potential for applications in anticorrosion nanocoatings. However, the nanocoating of prefocused graphene shows “corrosion‐promoting activity” due to its high conductivity. Metal oxide nanosheets obtained by delaminating layered oxides have been another attractive candidate. This study demonstrates a water‐based Ca2Nb3O10 (CNO) ink spray coated on magnesium alloys to form a continuous coating without complex functionalization and structural control. The composite coating of Ca2Nb3O10 (CNO) and polydopamine (PDA) is fabricated by combining spray‐ and dip‐coating methods. The surface composition and microstructure of the as‐prepared coatings are characterized by X‐ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectrometry. The anticorrosion performance of the composite coating is evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and salt spray tests. The electrochemical results show that the CNO/PDA heterostructure coating provides an enhanced corrosion inhibition efficiency (99.62%) with a corrosion current density of 5.49 × 10−7 A cm−2, three orders of magnitude lower than bare AZ31. The immersion tests before and after heat treatment and salt spray tests indicate that the composite coating has good stability and long‐term anticorrosion performance. Solution‐processed nanocoating and extensible materials design provide a green and facile route to anticorrosion nanotechnology for industrial demands.
A Breathable, Stretchable, and Self‐Calibrated Multimodal Electronic Skin Based on Hydrogel Microstructures for Wireless Wearables
Authors: Wang Weiyan , Yao Dijie , Wang Hao , Ding Qiongling , Luo Yibing , Ding Haojun , Yu Jiahao , Zhang He , Tao Kai , Zhang Sheng , Huo Fengwei , Wu Jin
Published: April 2024

Biomimetic electronic skins (e‐skins) are widely used in wearables, smart prosthesis and soft robotics. However, multimodal e‐skins, especially those based on hydrogels, face multiple challenges for practical applications, involving multi‐sensing signal mutual interference, low breathability and stretchability. Here, a breathable and stretchable multimodal e‐skin with a multilayer film microstructure is developed to achieve self‐calibrated sensing of any two of three stimuli: strain, temperature, and humidity, with minimal crosstalk. Hydrogel fibers with different shapes are designed for strain and temperature sensing modules, and the hydrogel film is developed as a humidity sensing module. The multimodal e‐skin exhibits impressive sensing performance, including a low strain detection limit (0.03%), strain linearity (R2 = 0.990), high‐temperature sensitivity (1.77%/°C), and a wide humidity detection range (33–98% RH). Interestingly, due to the directional anisotropy in strain sensitivity of different shaped fibers, the e‐skin realizes self‐calibrated detection of strain and temperature in different directions. By introducing porous elastomer encapsulation membranes, the breathability and wearing comfort of the e‐skin are attained, while the high stretchability (100% strain) is maintained. Furthermore, a personalized human‐machine interaction system is created by integrating the e‐skin with a wireless circuit to realize real‐time and wireless gesture recognition, physiological signals monitoring, and smart prosthesis.
Atomically Deciphering the Phase Segregation in Mixed Halide Perovskite
Authors: Yang Chen‐Quan , Yin Zhi‐Wen , Li Wei , Cui Wen‐Jun , Zhou Xian‐Gang , Wang Lin‐Dong , Zhi Rui , Xu Yue‐Yu , Tao Zhi‐Wei , Sang Xiahan , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Hu Zhi‐Yi , Su Bao‐Lian
Published: April 2024

Mixed‐halide perovskites show promising applications in tandem solar cells owing to their adjustable bandgap. One major obstacle to their commercialization is halide phase segregation, which results in large open‐circuit voltage deficiency and J‐V hysteresis. However, the ambiguous interplay between structural origin and phase segregation often results in aimless and unspecific optimization strategies for the device's performance and stability. An atomic scale is directly figured out the abundant Ruddlesden‐Popper anti‐phase boundaries (RP‐APBs) within a CsPbIBr2 polycrystalline film and revealed that phase segregation predominantly occurs at RP‐APB‐enriched interfaces due to the defect‐mediated lattice strain. By compensating their structural lead halide, such RP‐APBs are eliminated, and the decreasing of strain can be observed, resulting in the suppression of halide phase segregation. The present work provides the deciphering to precisely regulate the perovskite atomic structure for achieving photo‐stable mixed halide wide‐bandgap perovskites of high‐efficiency tandem solar cell commercial applications.
Weak Bonding and Anharmonicity in Thermoelectric ZnSb
Authors: Grønbech Thomas Bjørn Egede , Kasai Hidetaka , Zhang Jiawei , Nishibori Eiji , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt
Published: April 2024

The Zn─Sb binary system contains two high‐performing thermoelectric materials, namely the ordered ZnSb and the disordered Zn13Sb10. Both systems exhibit low thermal conductivity, which is speculated to originate from multicentre bonding within Zn2Sb2‐rhombi. Here, the electron density of ZnSb is reported based on multipole modelling of accurate X‐ray diffraction data measured at 20 K. Topological analysis reveals that the bond paths in the rhombus are endocyclically strained and that electron density is concentrated within the rhombus rather than along its geometric bonds consistent with a multicentre bond description. However, the electron density is not equally shared between the geometric bonds of the rhombus. Electron density analysis and modelling of low‐temperature anharmonicity reveal that one Zn–Sb interaction is weaker than the other. Taken together with the orientation of bonds external to the rhombus structure, an alternative description emerges wherein the multicentre bond is more partially localised along one set of the opposite legs of the rhombus. In this description, the stronger bond can be considered a traditional 2‐centre‐2‐electron bond, while the weaker interaction is coordinative to the covalent bond. The anharmonicity and low thermal conductivity may consequently be understood as Zn rattling along the coordinative interaction.
Triazacoronene‐Based 2D Conductive Metal–Organic Framework for High‐Capacity Lithium Storage
Authors: Yin Jia‐Cheng , Lian Xin , Li Zhi‐Gang , Cheng Mingren , Liu Ming , Xu Jian , Li Wei , Xu Yunhua , Li Na , Bu Xian‐He
Published: April 2024

2D conductive metal–organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) have attracted increasing attention as promising electrode materials for rechargeable batteries due to their designable periodic motifs, large specific surface areas, and prominent electrical conductivity. However, the development of 2D c‐MOF electrode materials with functionality remains a significant challenge because of the limited electroactive ligand motifs available. Herein, a hexahydroxy‐substituted triazacoronene ligand (6OH‐TAC) is deliberately designed and synthesized, which coordinates with Cu2+ ions to form an unprecedented 2D c‐MOF (Cu‐TAC) with functionality sites of efficient lithium storage. The synergistic effect of TAC and CuO4 enables Cu‐TAC as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries with a superior reversible capacity of 772.4 mAh g−1 at 300 mA g−1, remarkable rate performance, and outstanding long‐term cyclability (83% capacity retention at 300 mA g−1 for 600 cycles). These metrics outperform almost all 2D c‐MOF‐based electrodes, shedding light on new opportunities for energy storage devices.
Fabrication and Characterization of PDMS Waveguides for Flexible Optrodes
Authors: Rudmann Linda , Scholz Daniel , Alt Marie T. , Dieter Alexander , Fiedler Eva , Moser Tobias , Stieglitz Thomas
Published: April 2024

With the growth of optogenetic research, the demand for optical probes tailored to specific applications is ever rising. Specifically, for applications like the coiled cochlea of the inner ear, where planar, stiff, and nonconformable probes can hardly be used, transitioning from commonly used stiff glass fibers to flexible probes is required, especially for long‐term use. Following this demand, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with its lower Young's modulus compared to glass fibers can serve as material of choice. Hence, the long‐term usability of PDMS as a waveguide material with respect to variations in transmission and refractive index over time is investigated. Different manufacturing methods for PDMS‐based flexible waveguides are established and compared with the aim to minimize optical losses and thus maximize optical output power. Finally, the waveguides with lowest optical losses (−4.8 dB cm−1 ± 1.3 dB cm−1 at 472 nm) are successfully inserted into the optogenetically modified cochlea of a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), where optical stimuli delivered by the waveguides evoked robust neuronal responses in the auditory pathway.
The Past, Present, and Future of Tubular Melt Electrowritten Constructs to Mimic Small Diameter Blood Vessels – A Stable Process?
Authors: Bartolf‐Kopp Michael , Jungst Tomasz
Published: April 2024

Melt Electrowriting (MEW) is a continuously growing manufacturing platform. Its advantage is the consistent production of micro‐ to nanometer fibers, that stack intricately, forming complex geometrical shapes. MEW allows tuning of the mechanical properties of constructs via the geometry of deposited fibers. Due to this, MEW can create complex mechanics only seen in multi‐material compounds and serve as guiding structures for cellular alignment. The advantage of MEW is also shown in combination with other biotechnological manufacturing methods to create multilayered constructs that increase mechanical approximation to native tissues, biocompatibility, and cellular response. These features make MEW constructs a perfect candidate for small‐diameter vascular graft structures. Recently, studies have presented fascinating results in this regard, but is this truly the direction that tubular MEW will follow or are there also other options on the horizon? This perspective will explore the origins and developments of tubular MEW and present its growing importance in the field of artificial small‐diameter vascular grafts with mechanical modulation and improved biomimicry and the impact of it in convergence with other manufacturing methods and how future technologies like AI may influence its progress.
Optimizing Ultrathin 2D Transistors for Monolithic 3D Integration: A Study on Directly Grown Nanocrystalline Interconnects and Buried Contacts
Authors: Bae Junseong , Ryu Hyeyoon , Kim Dohee , Lee Chang‐Seok , Seol Minsu , Byun Kyung‐Eun , Kim Sangwon , Lee Seunghyun
Published: April 2024

The potential of monolithic 3D integration technology is largely dependent on the enhancement of interconnect characteristics which can lead to thinner stacks, better heat dissipation, and reduced signal delays. Carbon materials such as graphene, characterized by sp2 hybridized carbons, are promising candidates for future interconnects due to their exceptional electrical, thermal conductivity and resistance to electromigration. However, a significant challenge lies in achieving low contact resistance between extremely thin semiconductor channels and graphitic materials. To address this issue, an innovative wafer‐scale synthesis approach is proposed that enables low contact resistance between dry‐transferred 2D semiconductors and the as‐grown nanocrystalline graphitic interconnects. A hybrid graphitic interconnect with metal doping reduces the sheet resistance by 84% compared to an equivalent thickness metal film. Furthermore, the introduction of a buried graphitic contact results in a contact resistance that is 17 times lower than that of bulk metal contacts (>40 nm). Transistors with this optimal structure are used to successfully demonstrate a simple logic function. The thickness of active layer is maintained within sub‐7 nm range, encompassing both channels and contacts. The ultrathin transistor and interconnect stack developed here, characterized by a readily etchable interlayer and low parasitic resistance, leads to heterogeneous integration of future 3D integrated circuits (ICs).
Coupling Ni Single Atomic Sites with Metallic Aggregates at Adjacent Geometry on Carbon Support for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis
Authors: Wang Xin , Huang Run , Mao Xin , Liu Tian , Guo Panjie , Sun Hai , Mao Zhelin , Han Chao , Zheng Yarong , Du Aijun , Liu Jianwei , Jia Yi , Wang Lei
Published: April 2024

Single atomic catalysts have shown great potential in efficiently electro‐converting O2 to H2O2 with high selectivity. However, the impact of coordination environment and introduction of extra metallic aggregates on catalytic performance still remains unclear. Herein, first a series of carbon‐based catalysts with embedded coupling Ni single atomic sites and corresponding metallic nanoparticles at adjacent geometry is synthesized. Careful performance evaluation reveals NiSA/NiNP‐NSCNT catalyst with precisely controlled active centers of synergetic adjacent Ni‐N4S single sites and crystalline Ni nanoparticles exhibits a high H2O2 selectivity over 92.7% within a wide potential range (maximum selectivity can reach 98.4%). Theoretical studies uncover that spatially coupling single atomic NiN4S sites with metallic Ni aggregates in close proximity can optimize the adsorption behavior of key intermediates *OOH to achieve a nearly ideal binding strength, which thus affording a kinetically favorable pathway for H2O2 production. This strategy of manipulating the interaction between single atoms and metallic aggregates offers a promising direction to design new high‐performance catalysts for practical H2O2 electrosynthesis.
Beginner's Guide to Visual Analysis of Perovskite and Organic Solar Cell Current Density–Voltage Characteristics
Authors: These Albert , Koster L. Jan Anton , Brabec Christoph J. , Le Corre Vincent M.
Published: April 2024

The current density–voltage characteristic (J–V) is a critical tool for understanding the behavior of solar cells. This study presents an overview of the key aspects of J–V analysis and introduces a user‐friendly flowchart that facilitates the swift identification of the most probable limiting process in a solar cell, based mainly on the outcomes of light‐intensity‐dependent J–V measurements. The flowchart is developed through extensive drift‐diffusion simulations and a rigorous review of the literature, with a specific focus on perovskite and organic solar cells. Moreover, the flowchart proposes supplementary experiments that can be conducted to obtain a more precise prediction of the primary performance losses. It therefore serves as an optimal starting point to analyse performance losses of solar cells.
Interfacial Modification of NiOx for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Yu , Huang Xiaozhen , Zhang Jinsen , Zhang Lin , Wu Haotian , Zhou Ying , Wang Yao , Wang Yang , Fu Weifei , Chen Hongzheng
Published: April 2024

Nickel oxide is one of the most promising hole‐transporting materials in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but suffers from undesired reactions with perovskite which leads to limited device performance and stability. Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are demonstrated to effectively optimize the NiOx/perovskite interface, but the significance of the compactness of the SAM at the interface is less investigated. Here, a series of methoxy‐substituted triphenylamine functionalized benzothiadiazole (TBT) based SAM molecules, TBT‐BA, TBT‐FBA, and TBT‐DBA, with benzoic acid, 2‐fluorobenzoic acid and isophthalic acids as anchoring groups are used to modify NiOx. TBT‐BA with the simplest structure is demonstrated to form the densest SAM on NiOx, thus optimized NiOx/SAM/perovskite interface is achieved with enhanced charge collection and suppressed interfacial reaction and recombination. TBT‐BA can also passivate the perovskite most effectively due to the highest binding energy toward perovskite, thus the corresponding inverted PSCs show the highest PCE of 24.8% and maintain 88.7% of the initial PCE after storage at 60 °C for 2635 h in the glovebox. The work provides important insights into designing SAM molecules for modification transporting layers for efficient and stable PSCs.
Quality by design of solid‐phase peptide/protein coupling reaction via mechanistic reaction kinetics modeling approach
Authors: Wang Jingyao , Agrawal Paridhi , Berglund Mark R. , Groh Jennifer McClary , Kopach Michael E. , Seibert Kevin D. , Viswanath Shekhar K.
Published: April 2024

The peptide coupling reaction is one of the most critical steps in the solid phase synthesis of therapeutic peptides/proteins. Improper reaction conditions can result in several common impurities such as single amino acid deletions, additions, N‐terminus modifications, and D‐isomers, all while potentially impacting the active pharmaceutical ingredient critical quality attributes. In this work, we developed a first‐principle mechanistic reaction kinetics model for the solid‐phase peptide/protein coupling reaction based on well‐established reaction mechanisms and experimental data from literature. Utilizing the reaction kinetics model, we present a systematic, quality by design approach for the coupling reaction control strategy. Critical process parameters are identified via univariate analysis and the design space is designated via multivariate risk assessment. The presented approach provides a novel solution for designing solid‐phase peptide/protein synthesis control strategies and identifying normal operating ranges for each process parameter, as well as the associated design space.
Insights into reaction–diffusion behaviors of acetylene selective hydrogenation on pellet catalysts
Authors: Shi Yao , Sui Yanan , Cao Yueqiang , Ge Xiaohu , Liu Xiangkun , Li Hongyu , Chen Wenyao , Qian Gang , Zhou Xinggui , Duan Xuezhi
Published: April 2024

In this work, a particle‐resolved computational fluid dynamics model of the acetylene hydrogenation process is developed to investigate the effects of catalyst particle structures on the reaction–diffusion behaviors aiming to improve selectivity toward target ethylene. The effects of packing structures on mass and heat transfer are explored by employing particles with varying shapes, wall thicknesses, and external diameters. The simulation results reveal that decreasing diffusion paths and elevating reactor bed temperature will enhance ethylene selectivity, and cylinder and Raschig ring packing structures exhibit the lowest and highest ethylene selectivity of 35.6% and 48.9% at 70% of acetylene conversion, respectively. Reducing wall thicknesses of Raschig ring particles facilitates the diffusion of generated ethylene from the interior zone of catalysts but concurrently inhibits the conversion of acetylene to ethylene. The Raschig ring catalyst particle with 1.9 mm of wall thickness and 3.5 mm of external diameter is finally revealed to exhibit the highest ethylene selectivity.
Independent risk factors predicting eradication failure of standard bismuth quadruple therapy for the first‐line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Taiwan
Authors: Shie Chang‐Bih , Tsay Feng‐Woei , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Kao Sung‐Shuo , Chen Yan‐Hua , Tsai Kun‐Feng , Huang Wen‐Wei , Tang Sheng‐Yeh , Kuo Li‐Fu , Wu I‐Ting , Hsu Ping‐I
Published: April 2024

Bismuth quadruple therapy is recommended as the choice treatment for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in areas of either low or high clarithromycin resistance in the Maastricht VI/Florence Consensus Report. However, the optimal treatment duration and drug dosages of bismuth quadruple therapy remain unclear. The study aimed to search the independent risk factors predicting eradication failure of standard bismuth quadruple therapy in the first‐line treatment of H. pylori infection. From July 2014 to June 2022, 274 H. pylori‐infected patients who received 10‐day or 14‐day bismuth quadruple therapy containing a proton pump inhibitor, bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole were included for the study. Post‐treatment H. pylori status was assessed at least 4 weeks after completion of treatment. The relationships between eradication rate and 13 clinical parameters were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. The eradication rates of standard bismuth quadruple therapy were 93.8% and 94.2% by intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that patients harboring metronidazole‐resistant strains had a lower eradication rate than those harboring metronidazole‐susceptible strains (88.7% [55/62] vs. 96.7% [148/153]). The other factors including smoking, treatment duration and drug adherence were not significantly associated with cure rate. Multivariate analysis revealed that metronidazole resistance of H. pylori was the only independent risk factors related to eradication failure of standard bismuth quadruple therapy with an odds ratio of 3.8 (95% CI: 1.2–12.4). In conclusion, metronidazole resistance is an independent risk factor predicting eradication failure of standard bismuth quadruple therapy in the first‐line treatment of H. pylori infection. There is no difference in eradication efficacy between 10‐day and 14‐day bismuth quadruple therapies in Taiwan.
Regulating the Topology of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting Overall H2O2 Photogeneration
Authors: Yue Jie‐Yu , Luo Jing‐Xian , Pan Zi‐Xian , Zhang Rui‐Zhi , Yang Peng , Xu Qing , Tang Bo
Published: April 2024

Photocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions and water oxidation reactions are extremely promising green approaches for massive H2O2 production. Nonetheless, constructing effective photocatalysts for H2O2 generation is critical and still challenging. Since the network topology has significant impacts on the electronic properties of two dimensional (2D) polymers, herein, for the first time, we regulated the H2O2 photosynthetic activity of 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by topology. Through designing the linking sites of the monomers, we synthesized a pair of novel COFs with similar chemical components on the backbones but distinct topologies. Without sacrificial agents, TBD‐COF with cpt topology exhibited superior H2O2 photoproduction performance (6085 and 5448 μmol g−1 h−1 in O2 and air) than TBC‐COF with hcb topology through the O2‐O2⋅−‐H2O2, O2‐O2⋅−‐O21‐H2O2, and H2O‐H2O2 three paths. Further experimental and theoretical investigations confirmed that during the H2O2 photosynthetic process, the charge carrier separation efficiency, O2⋅− generation and conversion, and the energy barrier of the rate determination steps in the three channels, related to the formation of *OOH, *O21, and *OH, can be well tuned by the topology of COFs. The current study enlightens the fabrication of high‐performance photocatalysts for H2O2 production by topological structure modulation.
Der Fernsehturm des Senders Berus in Überherrn – Bauforschung an einem Ingenieurbauwerk der Hochmoderne
Authors: Koch Nikolaus , Duppel Christoph
Published: April 2024

Das Wissen über Planungs‐ und Ausführungsprozesse auf der Grundlage einer historischen Bauforschung stellt bei Betonbauwerken der Hochmoderne einen Zugewinn im Forschungsfeld der Bautechnikgeschichte dar und bildet darüber hinaus die Grundlage für sensible und denkmalgerechte Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen. Insbesondere die Bestimmung bauzeitlicher Betonoberflächen bzw. späterer Reparaturmaßnahmen ist hierbei maßgeblich. Der im Jahr 1954 erbaute, avantgardistisch anmutende Sendeturm des Senders Berus in Überherrn ist einer der ersten Fernsehtürme in Deutschland. Die Sichtbetonoberfläche der drei Betonpfeiler mit ihren Schalbrettabdrücken ist in großen Teilen erhalten. Im Rahmen der historischen Bauforschung wurde mithilfe neuartiger hochpräziser Aufnahmemethoden eine verformungsgerechte und detaillierte Bauaufnahme erstellt, die unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten ausgewertet und mit zur Bauzeit üblichen Handwerkstechniken abgeglichen wurde, auch unter der Fragestellung, welche Erkenntnisse zutage treten, wenn das Bauwerk selbst als Quelle betrachtet wird. Insgesamt zeichnet der Aufsatz ein umfassendes Bild zur Konstruktion und Konstruktionsgeschichte eines Bauwerks, das zusammen mit der als „Wahrzeichen der Ingenieurbaukunst“ ausgezeichneten Sendehalle eine gelungene architektonische und ingenieurtechnische Gesamtkomposition bildet. Gleichzeitig zielen die beschriebenen Herangehensweisen und Methoden auf eine Übertragung und künftige Anwendung bei vergleichbaren Betonbauwerken ab.
Messmodelle im Ingenieurbauwesen. Eine Bilanz
Authors: Schmid Benjamin , Wenzel Baris , Weber Christiane , Möller Eberhard , Putz Andreas , Stöber Mareike
Published: April 2024

Das Forschungsprojekt „‚Die letzten Zeugen‘ Messmodelle im Ingenieurbauwesen – wissenschaftliche Bedeutung und Erhaltung“ wurde im Rahmen des Schwerpunktprogramms 2255 „Kulturerbe Konstruktion“ der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) gefördert und besteht aus drei Teilprojekten verteilt auf die Universität Innsbruck, die Hochschule Karlsruhe und die Technische Universität München. Das Projekt hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, die letzten noch erhaltenen Messmodelle im deutschsprachigen Raum ausfindig zu machen, zu dokumentieren, bautechnikhistorisch einzuordnen, zu digitalisieren und restauratorisch zu bewerten. Dieser Beitrag soll einen Überblick über die Ausgangslage, die Vorgehensweisen, die Schwierigkeiten und erzielten Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse aus dem Projekt geben.
Enhancing High Voltage Stability via Fluorination of Functionalized Metal Organic Framework Electrolyte in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xiao Chenxi , Liu Xiaotong , Li Weiping , Ma Xianghe , Qian Ju , Lin Xinrong
Published: April 2024

The electrolyte stability under high‐voltage conditions considerably limits the upper cut‐off potential of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) and therefore the energy density of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). In this work, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) were fluorinated to lower the energy level of HOMO orbital and allow access to a 4F‐MOF that exhibit enhanced anodic stability. The composited 4F‐MOF/PEO electrolyte could not only transport Li+ ions in the ordered framework channels, but also provide a remarkable high‐voltage stability up to 5.0 V, shielding oxidative decomposition that would otherwise occur at around 3.9 V for conventional PEO electrolytes. In addition, stable lithium deposition was demonstrated for more than 1,300 hours at 0.1 mA ⋅ cm−2, while reversible charge‐discharge cycling performance was delivered in assembled Li||LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) ASSBs up to 5.0 V. Post‐mortem X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigation on cathodes revealed presence of a LiF‐rich cathode electrolyte interface (CEI), supporting promoted stability towards high‐voltage ASSBs.
A young woman with Mycobacterium chelonae complex infection caused by facial stem cell injection
Authors: Li Kun‐Jie , Lin Song‐Fa , Guo Yan‐Ni , Xu Tian‐Xing , Ji Chao
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

In outpatient settings, Mycobacterium chelonae complex infection brought on by cosmetic injections are rather uncommon. We came across a case of infection brought on by a commercial stem cell injection.
Integrated Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization for the Production of CH4, Syngas and Olefins over Dual‐Function Materials
Authors: Li Juanting , He Xu , Hu Rongrong
Published: April 2024

The massive emission of carbon dioxide produces the greenhouse effect and poses a threat to the survival of modern civilization. The search for new carbon management strategies has been at the forefront of scientific research over the past few decades. Integrated carbon dioxide capture and utilization (ICCU), which aims to capture CO2 and convert it in situ into high value‐added products or fuels, is considered to be more attractive and innovative than alternative strategies. This paper introduces the adsorption capacity and characteristics of solid sorbents at different operating temperatures. On this basis, the recent research on ICCU technology combined with methanation, reverse water−gas shift reaction, dry reforming of alkanes and dehydrogenation of alkanes over novel dual‐function materials is presented, and the development direction and future prospects of ICCU are discussed.
3D Printing of Integrated Metallic Reactor Catalysts: Concept and Application
Authors: Pope Frances , Fowler Millie , Giesen Daan , Drangai Larissa , Rothenberg Gadi
Published: April 2024

Selective laser melting can be used to create custom‐made monolith reactor components with embedded microscale catalytic sites. Doping with noble metals (0.01–0.04 % of Pt, Ir, Ru, or Rh) gave clean incorporation of the active metal particles metals. Yet catalytic activity was low, due to distribution of the active particles between the surface and the bulk of the monolith. Switching to cobalt enabled doping in higher amounts (1.5–2.0 %) with corresponding increase in activity. Using borohydride hydrolysis as a test reaction, we showed that a combined stainless steel and cobalt monolith was active in both batch and continuous systems, for at least 48 h, albeit with some loss of active material. The advantages and limitations of this catalyst/reactor preparation method are discussed.
Insight into the MOtBu (M=Na, K)‐Mediated Dehydrogenation of Dimethylamine‐Borane and Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitriles to Primary Amines
Authors: Chowdhury Deep , Sutradhar Rahul , Paul Ankan , Mukherjee Arup
Published: April 2024

Selective synthesis of primary amines from nitriles is challenging in synthetic chemistry due to the possible en‐route generation of various amines and imines. Herein, we report a practical and operationally simple MOtBu‐mediated (M=Na, K) transfer hydrogenation of nitriles to the corresponding primary amines with a relatively unexplored sacrificial hydrogen source (dimethylamine borane). The strategy encompasses a broad substrate scope under transition metal‐free conditions and does not require any solvent. The mechanistic investigation was performed with the aid of control experiments and spectroscopic studies. The GC analysis of the reaction mixture exhibited the evolution of the H2 gas. Additionally, detailed computational calculations were undertaken to shed light on the possible intermediates and transition states involved during the present protocol.
A novel industrial process situation awareness model based on multi‐time scale dynamic feature fusion with applications to float glass manufacturing
Authors: Peng Kaixiang , Xu Kesheng
Published: April 2024

Modern industrial manufacturing processes often focus on the changes of performance indicators and the evolution of operation conditions. However, the dynamics of variables are vague within processes and even more difficult to be characterised across different processes. The time‐series dynamic characteristics of the different scales among variables, processes, and production cycles develop and transfer with changes in parameters, equipment, and processes. It is difficult to accurately show the quality index and operating condition trend at the same time. To solve these problems, a situation awareness (SA) framework integrating multi‐time scale dynamic features for manufacturing processes is proposed. First, data are condensed and reconstructed through the denoising long short term memory autoencoder to reveal the time series dynamic characteristics to get neighbourhood features which contain features among neighbourhood samples. Second, the neighbourhood features divided into window blocks are fused into the stage features by statistical analysis. Finally, a multi‐scale isometric convolution network is designed to extract the local and global features, which can effectively show the development of dynamic features on a long time scale, and profoundly describe the influence of full cycle features on variables and operating conditions. The proposed model is verified on the real data set of a float glass manufacturing process, and the SA model can well predict the future trend of long time series.
Cohesive particle–fluid systems: An overview of their CFD simulation
Authors: Marchelli Filippo , Fiori Luca , Di Felice Renzo
Published: April 2024

Solid particles may experience different kinds of cohesive forces, which cause them to form agglomerates and affect their flow in multiphase systems. When such systems are simulated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) programs, appropriate modelling tools must be included to reproduce this feature. In this review, these strategies are addressed for various systems and scales. After an introduction of the different forces (van der Waals, electrostatic, liquid bridge forces, etc.), the modelling approaches are categorized under three methodologies. For diluted slurries of very fine particles, many researchers succeeded with pseudo‐single phase approaches, employing a model for the non‐Newtonian rheology. This was especially popular for sludges in anaerobic digestions or certain types of soils. In other cases, continuum‐based approaches seem to be more adequate, including cohesiveness in the kinetic theory of granular flows or the restitution coefficient. Geldart‐A particles experiencing van der Waals forces are the primary focus of such studies. Finally, when each particle is modelled as a discrete element, the cohesive force can be directly specified; this is especially widespread for the wet fluidization case. For each of these approaches, a general overview of the main strategies, achievements, and limits is provided.
Recent Advances of Imide‐Functionalized Polymer Donors for Non‐fullerene Solar Cells†
Authors: Wang Huijuan , Mo Songmin , Li Dongyan , Wu Qinghe
Published: April 2024

Comprehensive Summary

In recent years, there has been a shift towards using non‐fullerene electron acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs) as a replacement for fullerene derivatives. This change requires polymer donors that possess compatible physical properties, such as absorption range, HOMO energy level, miscibility, and crystallinity. Moreover, the high cost and poor batch‐to‐batch reproducibility of polymer donors also hinder future large‐scale manufacturing. These emphasize the need to explore alternative types of polymer donors. The imide‐functionalized building units possess several key attributes that make their polymers highly promising for non‐fullerene OSCs. These attributes include ease of synthesis, strong electron‐withdrawing ability, rigid and co‐planar structure, and the ability to easily tune solubility through imide side chains. In this review, we summarized the synthetic routes of imide building units, and the structural evolution of imide‐functionalized polymer donors by focusing on the effects of polymer structure on their physical, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic properties. We hope that this mini‐review will serve as a catalyst for future research on imide‐functionalized polymers toward high‐performance, cost‐effective, and durable organic solar cells (OSCs).
Domain‐specific translation tool from structured text to C source code with code readability enhancement in programmable logic controllers
Authors: Han Bing , Li Congfei , Deng Hua , Liu Guowei , Zheng Ze
Published: April 2024

The Industrial Internet has emerged as a key technology in the field of industrial automation, revolutionizing traditional manufacturing processes and enabling advanced control systems by integrating machines, sensors, and software systems through network connectivity, allowing for real‐time data exchange, analysis, and decision‐making in industrial environments. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) play a critical role in industrial automation systems, which are specialized digital computers designed to control various manufacturing processes and machinery. As a promising language, Structured Text (ST) is of paramount importance for industrial Internet, and it is essential to translate ST into C, which is widely used in various industries for implementing control systems. However, due to differences in syntax, data types, and programming paradigms between the two languages, the translation process is facing several challenges. In this paper, we present a domain‐specific translation tool that automates the process of converting ST code to C code. This tool incorporates advanced AI techniques, particularly leveraging the capabilities of NL‐PL LLMs, to facilitate accurate and efficient translation while generating comprehensive documentation to assist developers. Finally, the evaluation and case studies conducted validate the effectiveness of the tool, demonstrating its practical applicability and benefits in real‐world industrial settings.
Enhancing CNN‐LSTM neural networks using jellyfish search algorithm for pandemic modeling
Authors: Feriz Azade Hashemi , Jalali Mehrdad , Forghani Yahya
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive three‐step approach (CNN‐JSO‐LSTM) for predictive modeling using a pandemic such as COVID‐19 as a test case. Initially, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed to extract crucial features pertinent to the pandemic. Subsequently, the Jellyfish Search Optimizer (JSO) algorithm is applied for feature selection, identifying the most relevant factors. These chosen features are then inputted into a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) network, responsible for classifying samples into “healthy” and “diseased” categories. Our method enhances LSTM performance using the Jellyfish Search optimizer, resulting in exceptional prediction accuracy. Our experiments achieved remarkable metrics, with an accuracy of 95.32%, high sensitivity (94.87%), and precision (94.28%), surpassing alternative methods. In conclusion, our study presents a promising and highly accurate approach for pandemic prediction, harnessing deep learning and swarm intelligence techniques. These findings suggest a potential for more effective pandemic management and intervention strategies.
Computed Gyration Tensors of Knotted Chiral and Achiral Topological Stereoisomers of C60 Cyclocarbons
Authors: Gustafson Afton , Sburlati Sophia , Kahr Bart
Published: April 2024

The electronic origins of the computed optical rotations of the simplest chiral and achiral chemical knots with comparatively simple compositions and large, anticipated magnetoelectric polarizabilities are provided. Linear response theory (LRT) is used to calculate the gyration at 1064 nm of two knotted polyyne chains, topological stereoisomers of cyclo[60]carbon. One isomer is analogous to the trefoil knot with approximate D3 symmetry and the other to the figure eight knot with approximate S4 symmetry. The response in each case can be attributed largely to the magnetic dipole term that arises in a near degenerate E‐like excited state. An oriented achiral figure eight knot is as optically active in some directions as the chiral knot in any direction, and its absolute eigenvalues are larger.
Turning Trash Into Treasure: A Simple Protocol for Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Isolation From Used Bone Marrow Collection Kits
Authors: Anasiz Yagiz , Ozgul Riza Koksal , Uckan‐Cetinkaya Duygu
Published: April 2024

The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been extensively investigated in both preclinical and clinical settings. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of numerous isolation protocols and culture techniques, ranging from the selection of subpopulations to preserve stemness to preconditioning strategies aimed at enhancing therapeutic efficacy, tailored to the specific tissue source. In this protocol, we present a straightforward and cost‐effective method for isolating human MSCs (hMSCs) from discarded bone marrow collection kits (comprising bag and filter systems) originally intended for removing impurities and unwanted cellular debris from the collected bone marrow aspirate, ensuring the purity of the stem cell population during stem cell transplantation. Utilizing basic laboratory equipment, we demonstrate the isolation of hMSCs, highlighting the expression of specific surface antigens, and multilineage differentiation into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. This sustainable and resource‐efficient approach not only contributes to reducing medical waste but also holds promise for advancing regenerative medicine applications. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of human mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow collection kits

Basic Protocol 2: Culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells

Basic Protocol 3: Characterization of human mesenchymal stromal cells with flow cytometry analysis

Basic Protocol 4: Characterization of human mesenchymal stromal cells with multilineage differentiation under in vitro conditions
Breeding for potato cyst nematode resistance in Solanum tuberosum
Authors: Spychalla Pia , De Jong Walter S.
Published: April 2024

Two species of potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) and Globodera pallida (Stone), threaten potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production worldwide. PCNs are remarkably persistent in soil and can reduce potato yield significantly. The most sustainable approach to PCN control is deploying resistant cultivars. This review focuses on the knowledge needed to conduct a successful PCN resistance breeding program, including identifying resistance sources in wild species, introgressing them into cultivated potato, and sifting through clones to identify a marketable potato.
Does board knowledge matter for ESG performance in the European banking industry?
Authors: Agnese Paolo , Arduino Francesca Romana , Cerciello Massimiliano , Taddeo Simone
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the influence of the knowledge endowment of directors on the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in the banking industry. Applying the generalized method of moments (GMM) two‐step analysis, we analyzed a sample of 115 banks listed in Europe between 2014 and 2022. Building on the Resource Based View and Resource Dependence Theory, we find empirical evidence that board knowledge in terms of cultural, industrial, and financial background affects ESG performance in the banking industry, providing several contributions to the extant knowledge management and corporate governance literature. The research is intended to stimulate the development of practical knowledge management strategies inside companies to improve directors' decision‐making toward corporate social responsibility‐oriented initiatives.
Understanding the Hong Kong music curriculum through the lenses of posthumanism, postcolonialism, and poststructural psychoanalysis
Authors: Lam Chi Kai
Published: April 2024

The use of “post‐isms” has become increasingly prominent in academic discourse because it offers new perspectives for gaining insight into current developments in human society and the historical dimension of culture. In the Hong Kong educational context, the concept of “post‐isms” has permeated the current music curriculum. The curriculum guide alludes to posthumanist primary interests, was created in the postcolonial state after the return of the sovereignty of Hong Kong from Britain to China in 1997, and is associated with poststructural psychoanalysis that values the subjectivity of listeners. This article investigates the entanglement of the Hong Kong music curriculum and the “post‐isms” from the perspectives of posthumanism, postcolonialism, and poststructural psychoanalysis. It is found that the curriculum guide demonstrates a commitment to ecology/human relations through both cross‐species communication and understanding, as well as pro‐nature humanism. It entangles with the concept of hybridity in postcolonialism and functions as a strategy of disavowal of the colonial legacy and the cultivation of the original national identity. The guide also perceives music as an agency that produces subjectivity by positioning the listener as subject. By investigating the Hong Kong music curriculum through the three lenses, implications for music curriculum development were drawn. It is urged that only when a music curriculum takes into account the multidimensionality of music can it reveal the greatest potential of music.
Awareness, attitudes, and beliefs of dementia in Indonesia
Authors: Farina Nicolas , Hassan Esra , Theresia Imelda , Fitri Fasihah Irfani , Suswanti Ika , Sani Tara Puspitarini , Evans‐Lacko Sara , Banerjee Sube , Turana Yuda
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

Tackling dementia stigma is a policy priority. In Indonesia, we have little insight into the general public's knowledge and attitudes about dementia.

METHODS

Cross‐sectional study of 4430 Indonesian adults recruited from Jakarta and North Sumatra, Indonesia. Measures included dementia knowledge and attitudes.

RESULTS

A total of 86.3% (n = 3,803) of adults had not heard of the terms dementia or Alzheimer's disease, and commonly viewed dementia as a normal part of aging. Being older, incorrect knowledge about etiology, not having heard of the terms dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease, having less than primary education, and being from North Sumatra were associated with more negative attitudes (p‐values < 0.05).

DISCUSSION

Misconceptions and lack of awareness about dementia are common in Indonesia. Attitudes tended not to be negative, but our research highlights factors associated with dementia attitudes. Future research should use this information to better tailor and target potential anti‐stigma strategies.

Highlights

Most Indonesians had not heard of the terms dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease and thought it was caused by normal aging.

The majority of participants held mixed or positive attitudes towards dementia.

A series of demographic factors alongside poor awareness were associated with negative attitudes towards dementia.
Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and kidney function in normal and cognitively impaired older adults
Authors: Hajjar Ihab , Neal Reem , Yang Zhiyi , Lah James J.
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

Recent Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials have used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels for screening and enrollment. Preliminary evidence suggests that AD risk is related to impaired renal function. The impact of kidney function on commonly used AD biomarkers remains unknown.

METHODS

Participants in studies conducted at the Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (N = 973) had measurements of serum creatinine and CSF AD biomarkers. General linear models and individual data were used to assess the relationships between biomarkers and eGFR.

RESULTS

Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was associated with lower amyloid beta (Aβ)42/tau ratio (p < 0.0001) and Aβ42 (p = 0.002) and higher tau (p < 0.0001) and p‐tau (p = 0.0002). The impact of eGFR on AD biomarker levels was more robust in individuals with cognitive impairment (all p‐values were < 0.005).

DISCUSSION

The association between eGFR and CSF AD biomarkers has a significant impact that varies by cognitive status. Future studies exploring this impact on the pathogenesis of AD and related biomarkers are needed.

Highlights

There is a significant association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and both estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Kidney function influences CSF biomarker levels in individuals with normal cognitive function and those with MCI.

The impact of kidney function on AD biomarker levels is more pronounced in individuals with cognitive impairment.

The variation in CSF tau levels is independent of cardiovascular factors and is likely directly related to kidney function.

Tau may have a possible role in both kidney and cognitive function.