bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHODS OF ASSESSING WATER QUALITY USING BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE OF FISH SPECIES
Authors: Stepanova Irina Pavlovn , Mikhaylichenko Dmitriy Viktorovich , Tikhomirov Andrey Mikhailovich
Published: June 2017

The proposed technique of water quality assessment is intended for monitoring and measuring the behavioral responses of fishes in minimally structured environment, and further evaluating the reactivity of the fish nervous system. Tests were conducted in the period from 11 May to 7 June, 2016 at the sea coast station of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Kagalnik village, the Rostov region). As test-objects (bioindicators), there were selected three species of gobies: round goby ( Neogobius melanostomus ), monkey goby ( Neogobius fluviatilis ) and goby Shearman ( Neogobius syrman ). Fish behavior was assessed by response to external stimuli, which is manifested by increased or decreased locomotor activity. Expected and phone activity has been defined. As the test stimuli there were used: a low-frequency sonic boom, a sinusoidal audio signal, a high-frequency sonic boom, an electrical stimulus. Testing water samples were taken from three stations in the water area of the Gulf of Taganrog (estuary of the Don, middle section of the bay and section of the river close to the coastal base). The results showed that the developed method is sensitive to changes of natural water pollutants and can be used in the monitoring system, as a component for coastal stations on the test areas of the Azov Sea in terms of bioindication data matching techniques to identify natural and anthropogenic sources of pollution.
PERBEDAAN PEMBACAAN ANGKA TAHUN PRASASTI SIRAH KẼTING
Authors: Nasoichah Churmatin
Published: June 2017

Tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara pasti angka tahun Prasasti Sirah Kĕting. Pengkajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan penalaran induktif-deduktif yang bergerak dari fakta-fakta di lapangan yang kemudian diakhiri dengan sebuah kesimpulan. Dalam pembacaan Prasasti Sirah Kĕting yang ditemukan di daerah Ponorogo, Jawa Timur terdapat dua pendapat yang berbeda dalam penyebutan angka tahunnya. Menurut pembacaan Brandes dan Stutterheim, Prasasti Sirah Kĕting berangka tahun 1026 Śaka, sedangkan menurut hasil pembacaan Damais Prasasti Sirah Kĕting berangka tahun 1126 Śaka. Dari beberapa hasil perbandingan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa angka tahun pada Prasasti sirah Kĕting adalah 1126 Śaka (1204 Masehi), artinya sependapat dengan pembacaan Louis-Charles Damais.
ANALISIS KONSEP TEMATIK PADA TAMAN PERUMAHAN DI KOTA BARU PARAHYANGAN SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK BAGI ANAK-ANAK (The Thematic Concept Analysis of the Neighborhood Parks in Kota Baru Parahyangan as an Attraction for Children)
Authors: Rahardjo Setiamurti , Handoyo Andreas
Published: June 2017

Neighborhood parks are generally designed as esthetical elements. Nevertheless, some are intentionally designed to become recreational facilities to the residents, especially in a form of playground for children. Kota Baru Parahyangan (KBP) is a residential area with clusters, all of which are complemented by thematic park(s). With each cluster adopts a different theme for its park(s), the implementation of the thematic concept of the park may vary between one cluster and another. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the implementation of the thematic concept in the neighborhood park design as an attraction for children. It also aims to bring out the park that has applied the this concept most successfully, as a reference for further park design and planning in the residential neighborhood context. The research is performed sequentially which includes: scoring the park facilities in 9 clusters that are already built through a quantitative method, followed by the discussion of the analysis through a qualitative method. As the result, Tatar (cluster) Jingganagara is found as the best cluster that has successfully integrated its thematic concept to the rest of the facilities in the park, and contributed good impacts to the cluster itself and the other clusters nearby.
DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN KAWASAN PINGGIRAN KOTA TERHADAP MASYARAKAT SETEMPAT, STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN GEDEBAGE, BANDUNG (Impact of Housing Development of Zone Suburbs Against the Local Community, Case Study: District Gedebage, Bandung)
Authors: Rahman Arief
Published: June 2017

The development of suburban areas occur because people are attracted by the new place of residence or employment, but socio-economically they are still oriented to the core city. Other phenomena of suburban developments, namely the restructuring of the core city functions as a result of the shift from a manufacturing center to a center of financial activities (finance), and services, while manufacturing activity has increasingly shifted to the edge of the area. The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-economic impacts of housing development outskirts of Bandung, District Gedebage on local communities. The research method used was a quantitative approach and equipped with qualitative data. The case study is a reseach that analyze one case conducted intensive, in-depth, detailed, and comprehensively. This study is a beginning, there is expected to further research with more samples so that the data is valid
POLA AKTIVITAS WISATA BELANJA DI KAMPUNG WISATA KERAMIK DINOYO, MALANG
Authors: Santoso Joko Triwinarto , Mustikawati Triandriani , Suryasari Noviani , Titisari Ema Y.
Published: June 2017

Dinoyo ceramics tourist kampong has limited space in the effort to organize it. To formulate the concept of spatial planning in accordance with the needs and potential of space, is necessary to identify activity pattern of shopping as a major activity in economic activity that will be developed, as well as the use of space. This study uses observation and behavior mapping of visitors in corridors of the ceramics kampong. Observation time is chosen in rush hours of visitors which are known from questionnaire on the visitors and shop owners. Analysis of observation result and behavioral mapping is conducted by overlay analysis to understand pattern of travel or trip, pattern of activity, and points of visitors activity. While content analysis of the photos/video is performed to determine actors of activity, type of activity, physical order supporting activity, dimension of space, time of occurrence, and duration of activity. The results show that the pattern of shopping activities which occur in the kampong influenced by the type of products, accessibility, availability of parking areas and circulation, as well as the availability of other supporting facilities (signage, maps, location markers, food stalls, public toilets, an information center, etc).
Jane Eyre on the Nineteenth-Century Spanish Stage: Intertextuality and Adaptation in Francisco Morera’s Version of Charlotte Brontë's Novel
Authors: Medina Calzada Sara
Published: June 2017

Abstract: this paper examines Francisco Morera’s Juana Eyre (1869), a stage version of Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre which can be regarded as the first significant evidence of works by the Brontë sisters appearing in Spain. Morera’s text is based on the French stage version by Lefèvre and Royer (1855), which was, in turn, inspired by the German adaptation by Birch-Pfeiffer. The Spanish adaptor creates a conservative rewriting of Jane Eyre and introduces relevant changes in Bertha Mason’s storyline in order to eliminate the elements that would challenge the moral conventions of the time. Resumen: el propósito de este trabajo es analizar Juana Eyre (1869), la adaptación teatral de la novela de Charlotte Brontë compuesta por Francisco Morera, que supone un primer acercamiento a la obra de las hermanas Brontë en España. Está basada en una versión teatral francesa realizada por Lefèvre y Royer en 1855, que a su vez está inspirada en la adaptación alemana de Birch-Pfeiffer de 1853. El autor español lleva a cabo una reescritura conservadora de Jane Eyre y modifica la historia de Bertha Mason para eliminar aquellos aspectos controvertidos que no se adecuan a la moral de la época.
Ideology, Identity And Power: The Linguistic Construction Of The Voice Of The Other In Two Immigration Short Stories
Authors: López Asensio Jorge
Published: June 2017

Abstract: this article explores how the concepts of ideology, identity, and power contribute to the construction of the voice of the Other in immigration short fiction. For this purpose, a twofold linguistic analysis using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)and stylistics is carried out. The innovative nature of the study can be perceived in its theoretical background as well as in its analytic process given that it combines CDA and stylistics andit proposes a corpus of immigration literature. The two short stories analyzed are “Negocios” by Junot Díaz and “The Arrangers of Marriage” by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.The results show that the voice of the Other as immigrant is destructed and through processes of discursive power there is an attempt to shape his/her identity to conform to a new ideology.  Resumen: este artículo explora cómo los conceptos de ideología, identidad y poder contribuyen a la construcción de la voz del Otro en historias cortas de temática de inmigración. Para ello, se elabora un doble análisis lingüístico a través del Análisis Crítico del Discurso y de la pragmaestilística. El carácter innovador del trabajo se percibe en materia teórica y metodológica ya que utiliza un marco teórico combinado de ACD y estilística para analizar un corpus literario de relatos de inmigración. Los relatos analizados son “Negocios” (Junot Díaz) y “The Arrangers of Marriage” (Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie). Los resultados indican que la voz del Otro como inmigrante es destruida y que a través de procesos de poder discursivo existe un intento de moldear su identidad a fin de acomodarle a una nueva ideología.
Maturity Evaluation of Information Technology Governance in PT DEF Using Cobit 5 Framework
Authors: Putri Mayang Anglingsari , Aknuranda Ismiarta , Mahmudy Wayan Firdaus
Published: June 2017

Information technologyÂ  governance is used to guide and control an organization in achieving the goals that had been planned in advance. PT DEF is a company which utilises information technology to support its business processes. Nevertheless,Â  it indeedÂ  requires an IT governance that can be beneficial as a reference for IT activities in order to run properly. This research intends to conduct an audit of information technology governance based on the COBIT 5 framework domain, which isÂ  DSS (Deliver, Service, and Support) domain in the process of DSS03 (Manage Problems). According to the research results, the values that have been obtained from the process of DSS03 capability level was 64.66%, that is regarded as Partially Achieved. Capability level will be used as a reference in seeking gap contained in the domain of DSS03 process. Furthermore, these would be able to make recommendations aimed at increasing the value of the expected maturity. This research contributes to the evaluation results and recommendations to improve the capability level on the DSS03 domain, henceÂ  PT DEF can upgrade its IT governance by using DSS03 process.
Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Taraxacum Hispanicum Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts on Hepg2 Cells
Authors: Meenu Gupta , A Nogueira , R Almeida , I. Oliveira A. , F. Oliveira R. , C. Pinho , A. Cruz
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Plants belonging to the genus Taraxacum have been used in traditional medicine. Nowadays, extracts of these plants have been reported for the treatment of diseases, including liver disorders. Increasing interest and research on these plants also revealed its potential for treating cancer. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic properties of crude extracts from aerial parts of Taraxacum hispanicum H.Lindb, against human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2). Material and methods: Evaluation of the antioxidant properties was performed using DPPH in vitro test, superoxide scavenging assay and Fe2+ chelating activity. MTT assay was used to determine metabolic activity, for 24 and 48 hours. Results: For antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract (overall the one with the best results), IC50 values were 62.4 ± 6.7 μg/ml (DPPH radical scavenging activity) 53.9 ± 10.3 μg/ml (Fe2+ chelating activity) and 2.0 ± 0.3 μg/ml (superoxide scavenging assay). The aqueous and ethanolic extracts had different effects on HepG2 cell viability. Aqueous extract induced cell cytotoxicity in a time and dose-dependent manner, leaving only 52.6% viable cells at a concentration of 200 μg/ml, after 48 h. An increase in the cell viability was seen in the ethanolic extract, from 24 h to 48 h at higher concentrations. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of T. hispanicum was the most promising, presenting anti-oxidative capacity and only the aqueous extract of the plant presented more relevant cytotoxicity over HepG2 cell line. These activities may be related with the extract phenolic content. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the main mechanisms responsible for these potential effects.
Neuronal and Oxidative Damage in the Catfish Brain Alleviated After Mucuna Seed Extract Treatment
Authors: Mainak Mukherjee , Mahammed Moniruzzaman , Saheli Kumar , Debjit Das , Bhusan Chakraborty Suman
Published: June 2017

The neurodegenerative activity of a synthetic detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on brain physiology in Indian
native catfish Heteropneustes fossilis and the efficacy of methanol extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds for alleviating
such effects were demonstrated. Fish (n=36, 2 replicates) were exposed to SDS (2.75 mg/l) for 0 (control), 15 and 30
days. After 30-days treatment, methanol extract of Mucuna seed was injected for continuous seven days and sampling
was done on each alternate odd days (1, 3, 5 and 7 days). Levels of different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants,
Na+-K+-ATPase, acetylcholine esterase; monoamine oxidase; nitric oxide were measured in H. fossilis brain tissue. 30-
days treatment with SDS caused significant decrease in reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase,
glutathione S-transferase, while glutathione reductase, malondialdehyde level increased significantly (P less than 0.05).
Administration of Mucuna seed extract (15.5 mg/kg body weight) was found to restore the neurological activity and
reduce stress in a time-dependent manner as the biochemical and neurological parameters in fish after 7-day extract
administration showed no significant difference (P>0.05) compared to those in control without SDS treatment, except
for GST and GPx which were unable to return to the basal level.
PENINGKATAN SIFAT CETAK KERTAS SALUT DENGAN PIGMEN PRESIPITASI KALSIUM KARBONAT BERUKURAN SUBMIKRON ( DEVELOPMENT OF PRINTING PROPERTIES ON COATED PAPER USING SUBMICRON PIGMENT PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE )
Authors: Oktavia Evi , Wirawan Sonny Kurnia , Elyani Nina
Published: June 2017

This research has been conducted to maximize the calcium carbonate usage without optical brigthening agent additional. The improvement on printing properties and a high degree of white paper was addressed the problem of meta-stable materials coated on the submicron of crystalline vaterite precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) by composite it with latex. This study characterized the coating pigment, preparation of coating color, applied to paper sheets and compared with previous research and Indonesia National Standard specification of coated printing paper (SNI 0154:2010). The use of mixed submicron PCC (SPCC) and regular PCC (RPCC) as a white-coated paper produces a high brightness, low roughness, low oil penetration, high picking strength, high gloss, and low water absorption. Mostly those testing parameters meet the requirement of the Indonesia Standard National of printing coated-paper SNI 0154: 2010. Improvement also achieved on composite of submicron PCC-binder latex. A significant improvement of gloss value of the laboratory-scale processes was equal with supercalender using the paper machine and 23.6-28.9% of increasing of brigthness prior to previous study. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bermaksud untuk memaksimalkan penggunaan pigmen kalsium karbonat tanpa menggunakan tambahan optical brigthening agent. Sifat cetak dan derajat cerah kertas ditingkatkan dengan cara mengatasi masalah meta-stabil pada bahan salut presipitat kalsium karbonat (PCC) submikron bentuk kristal vaterit melalui pembentukan komposit dengan lateks. Penelitian ini meliputi tahap karakterisasi bahan salut, pembuatan bahan salut, dan aplikasinya pada kertas, serta analisis sifat fisik, cetak dan optis pada kertas cetak salut, lalu membandingkannya dengan penelitian sebelumnya dan SNI spesifikasi kertas cetak salut SNI 0154:2010. Penggunaan campuran PCC submikron (SPCC)dengan PCC reguler (PCC) sebagai bahan salut menghasilkan derajat cerah kertas tinggi, kekasaran rendah, penetrasi minyak rendah, ketahanan cabut tinggi, kilap tinggi, dan daya serap air rendah. Sebagian besar parameter tersebut memenuhi standar SNI spesifikasi kertas cetak salut (SNI 0154 : 2010). Peningkatan juga terjadi pada komposit PCC submikron (SPCC) dengan binder lateks. Peningkatan signifikan terjadi pada analisa kilap kertas cetak salut skala laboratorium yang menunjukkan hasil sama dengan superkalender pada mesin kertas, dan terjadi peningkatan derajat cerah yaitu sekitar 23,6 – 28,9% terhadap penelitian sebelumnya.Kata kunci: bahan salut, kertas cetak salut, kilap tinggi, SNI 0154:2010
STUDI ANALISIS KETIDAKPASTIAN HASIL KALIBRASI TIMBANGAN DAN MISTAR TERHADAP KEBERTERIMAAN PENGUJIAN GRAMATUR KERTAS (STUDY ON ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAINTY OF CALIBRATED VALUE FOR BALANCE AND RULER FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF PAPER GRAMMAGE TESTING)
Authors: Darmawan Darmawan , Istirohah Titik
Published: June 2017

Study on analysis of uncertainty of calibrated value for balance and steel ruler for the acceptance of paper grammage testing that refers to SNI ISO 536 : 2010 (grammage testing method) and SNI 14-0440-2006 (paper and carton grammage) has been done. Testing instrument must be calibrated to ensure the testing value/measurement appropriate with expected specification refers to ISO 17025 : 2008. From calibration value gained conventional truth value and uncertainty of testing instrument. Uncertainty calculation refers to “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement”- ISO GUM, is a reference and measurement uncertainty evaluation method that have been received internationally. This reference is also one of reference documents in ISO 17025 : 2008 (competence requirements of examination and calibration laboratory). The evaluation test showed that the deviation value is less than 4%, so that it complies with the allowed tolerance which is also 4%. The result of testing evaluation and calibration showed that balance and ruler were used in Paper Testing Laboratory of Center for Pulp and Paper was appropriate with grammage testing prerequirement. ABSTRAKStudi analisis ketidakpastian hasil kalibrasi timbangan dan mistar baja terhadap keberterimaan uji gramatur kertas yang mengacu pada SNI ISO 536 Cara uji gramatur dan SNI 14-0440-2006 Gramatur kertas dan karton telah dilakukan. Untuk menjamin hasil uji/ pengukuran sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diinginkan menurut ISO 17025 Syarat-syarat kompetensi Laboratorium Pengujian dan Laboratorium Kalibrasi maka alat uji/ukur harus dikalibrasi. Dari hasil kalibrasi diperoleh nilai kebenaran konvensional alat ukur beserta ketidakpastiannya. Perhitungan ketidakpastian mengacu pada ISO GUM “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement”, yang merupakan panduan dan metode evaluasi ketidakpastian pengukuran yang diterima secara internasional. Acuan ini juga sebagai salah satu dokumen acuan dalam ISO 17025 . Dari hasil evaluasi hasil uji diperoleh penyimpangan kurang dari 4%, sehingga memenuhi toleransi yang diizinkan yaitu 4 %. Kesimpulan dari studi ini menjelaskan bahwa timbangan dan mistar baja yang digunakan oleh Laboratorium Uji Kertas Balai Besar Pulp dan Kertas memenuhi syarat uji gramatur. Kata kunci: kalibrasi, ketidakpastian, gramatur, akurasi, toleransiKata kunci: kalibrasi, ketidakpastian, gramatur, akurasi, toleransi
Conjugal Utopia: Marriage and Social Transformation in Rousseau’s Julie, ou la Nouvelle Héloïse and Leprince de Beaumont’s La Nouvelle Clarice
Authors: Alexandrova Ekaterina R.
Published: June 2017

Utopias represent a crucial means of Enlightenment critique and inquiry. A general eighteenth-century blind spot vis-à-vis women as subjects and sociopolitical agents, as well as the discrepancy be tween their onerous obligations and incommensurate rights, is thrown into stark relief by two utopias: Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Julie, ou la Nouvelle Héloïse (1761) and Marie Leprince de Beaumont’s La Nouvelle Clarice (1767). The writers’ pedagogical backgrounds inform each novel’s emphasis on a heroine’s education, which determines the utopian program of each society. Though both utopias place women at the centre of a complex social order, Rousseau’s imagined community is predicated on the self-abnegation of the heroine. In contrast, Leprince de Beaumont’s novel requires the male protagonist to re-establish his tainted virtue through marriage and the implementation of a female-dominated utopian community. Through its unmistakeable reversal of La Nouvelle Héloïse’s utopian paradigm, La Nouvelle Clarice functions as a dynamic critique of Rousseau’s seminal plot and provides a striking vision of a matriarchal utopia that simultaneously refuses closure and any limits on women’s political and social activity.
Assimilation and Indeterminacy: Moral Tales for Young People, Belinda, and Edgeworth’s Destabilizing Fictions of Maturity
Authors: Gustafson Katherine
Published: June 2017

Maria Edgeworth’s Belinda (1801) assimilates the philosophies and formal structures of the novel and the moral tale in order to de stabilize the representations of femininity in both forms. Scholars argue that the eponymous heroine models a form of rational, domestic femininity and functions as the work’s moral centre. By examining Belinda’s use of two competing narrative forms, this article finds that Edgeworth debunks the feminine models epitopemized in sentimental novels and didactic fiction by showing the flaws in both philosophies. This viewpoint reveals Belinda not as the novel’s moral centre but as a young woman experimenting with different modes of conduct (troped through narrative form) in order to find her own identity. This essay also reveals a connection between Belinda and Moral Tales for Young People (1801), Edgeworth’s first collection of adolescent novellas, and argues that Edgeworth’s novels should be studied in relation to her children’s fiction and educational manuals.
Joyful pessimism
Authors: Frederiksen Martin Demant
Published: June 2017

Studies of marginality have examined how individuals or groups are distanced
from a hoped-for life as a result of structural, economic, or political circumstances,
and how this may result in unwanted experiences of boredom. Th is
article critically reexamines this perspective by juxtaposing it with an empirical
description of a group of young Georgian nihilists who live in a sphere of disengaged
repetition where turning the future into something that “doesn’t matter anyway”
becomes a way of handling boredom in the present in an inactive manner. I
use this to examine the temporal aspects at stake among marginal groups who deliberately
disengage. In the article, I deploy the term “joyful pessimism” as an analytical
device to capture an alternative configuration of marginality and boredom.
Empowering or impoverishing through credit
Authors: Lanzas Gisela , Whittle Matthew
Published: June 2017

This article examines the evolution of the credit market for small-scale
sugarcane producers in the Plan Chontalpa development program in Tabasco,
Mexico. The plan promoted neoliberal policies that transformed the existing credit
market available to small-scale producers. The availability of credit was supposed
to lead to increased efficiency. However, making credit available to low-income
farmers can result in unintended outcomes. We found that many households had
high discount rates and used the credit to supplement their household income.
Thus, farmers are getting caught in a cycle of debt that often culminates in losing
their land. We use a life history to consider the strategies the program has adopted
to control credit as well as the counterstrategies the families have developed.
Why do drug dealers still live with their moms?
Authors: Rodgers Dennis
Published: June 2017

This article explores the variable, contextual nature of drug dealing as an economic activity. It juxtaposes Steven Levitt and Sudhir Venkatesh’s (2000) wellknown study of the finances of a drug-dealing gang in Chicago with an analogous investigation carried out in Managua. It highlights how differences in the labor market contribute to individuals associated with drug dealing in Managua earning much more than the median local wage, in stark contrast to the situation famously described in Chicago. These disparities can be linked on the one hand to the more decentralized organization of the drug trade in Nicaragua and the fact that drug dealing was more of a specialist activity, and on the other to the fundamentally different broader political economies of the United States and Nicaragua.
Meditations on crises and time in Southeastern Europe
Authors: Hrckova Jana
Published: June 2017

Jansen, Stef. 2015. Yearnings in the meantime: “Normal lives” and the state in a Sarajevo apartment
complex. Dislocations. New York: Berghahn Books.

Knight, Daniel M. 2015. History, time, and economic crisis in Central Greece. New York: Palgrave
Macmillan.
FERMI: Present and Future Challenges
Authors: Giannessi Luca , Masciovecchio Claudio
Published: June 2017

We present an overview of the FERMI (acronym of Free Electron laser Radiation for Multidisciplinary Investigations) seeded free electron laser (FEL) facility located at the Elettra laboratory in Trieste. FERMI is now in user operation with both the FEL lines FEL-1 and FEL-2, covering the wavelength range between 100 nm and 4 nm. The seeding scheme adopted for photon pulse production makes FERMI unique worldwide and allows the extension of table top laser experiments in the extreme ultraviolet/soft X-ray region. In this paper, we discuss how advances in the performance of the FELs, with respect to coherent control and multi-colour pulse production, may push the development of original experimental strategies to study non-equilibrium behaviour of matter at the attosecond-nanometer time-length scales. This will have a tremendous impact as an experimental tool to investigate a large array of phenomena ranging from nano-dynamics in complex materials to phenomena that are at the heart of the conversion of light into other forms of energy.
An Independent Set of Axioms of MV-Algebras and Solutions of the Set-Theoretical Yang–Baxter Equation
Authors: Oner Tahsin , Senturk Ibrahim , Oner Gulsah
Published: June 2017

The aim of this paper is to give a new equivalent set of axioms for MV-algebras, and to show that the axioms are independent. In addition to this, we handle Yang–Baxter equation problem. In conclusion, we construct a new set-theoretical solution for the Yang–Baxter equation by using MV-algebras.
The Role of Peripheral CNS‐Directed Antibodies in Promoting Inflammatory CNS Demyelination
Authors: Kinzel Silke , Weber Martin
Published: June 2017

In central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and related NMO-spectrum disorders (NMO-SD), a pathogenic role for antibodies is primarily projected into enhancing ongoing CNS inflammation by directly binding to target antigens within the CNS. This scenario is supported at least in part, by antibodies in conjunction with complement activation in the majority of MS lesions and by deposition of anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) antibodies in areas of astrocyte loss in patients with classical NMO. A currently emerging subgroup of AQP-4 negative NMO-SD patients expresses antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), again suggestive of their direct binding to CNS myelin. However, both known entities of anti-CNS antibodies, anti-AQP-4- as well as anti-MOG antibodies, are predominantly found in the serum, which raises the questions why and how a humoral response against CNS antigens is raised in the periphery, and in a related manner, what pathogenic role these antibodies may exert outside the CNS. In this regard, recent experimental and clinical evidence suggests that peripheral CNS-specific antibodies may indirectly activate peripheral CNS-autoreactive T cells by opsonization of otherwise unrecognized traces of CNS antigen in peripheral compartments, presumably drained from the CNS by its newly recognized lymphatic system. In this review, we will summarize all currently available data on both possible roles of antibodies in CNS demyelinating disorders, first, directly enhancing damage within the CNS, and second, promoting a peripheral immune response against the CNS. By elaborating on the latter scenario, we will develop the hypothesis that peripheral CNS-recognizing antibodies may have a powerful role in initiating acute flares of CNS demyelinating disease and that these humoral responses may represent a therapeutic target in its own right.
Corrosion Protection of Steel by Epoxy-Organoclay Nanocomposite Coatings
Authors: Merachtsaki Domna , Xidas Panagiotis , Giannakoudakis Panagiotis , Triantafyllidis Konstantinos , Spathis Panagiotis
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the present work was to study the corrosion behavior of steel coated with epoxy-(organo) clay nanocomposite films. The investigation was carried out using salt spray exposures, optical and scanning electron microscopy examination, open circuit potential, and electrochemical impedance measurements. The mechanical, thermomechanical, and barrier properties of pristine glassy epoxy polymer and epoxy-clay nanocomposites were examined. The degree of intercalation/exfoliation of clay nanoplatelets within the epoxy polymer also was determined. The mechanical, thermomechanical, and barrier properties of all the epoxy-clay nanocomposites were improved compared to those of the pristine epoxy polymer. In addition, both the pristine epoxy and the epoxy nanocomposite coatings protected the steel from corrosion. Furthermore, the protective properties of the nanocomposite coatings were superior compared to those of the pristine epoxy polymer. The protective properties of the nanocomposite coatings varied with the modified clay used. The epoxy-montmorillonite clay modified with primary octadecylammonium ions, Nanomer I.30E, had a better behavior than that modified with quaternary octadecylammonium ions, Nanomer I.28E.
Analytical Approximate Solutions of (n + 1)-Dimensional Fractal Heat-Like and Wave-Like Equations
Authors: Acan Omer , Baleanu Dumitru , Qurashi Maysaa Mohamed Al , Sakar Mehmet Giyas
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we propose a new type (n + 1)-dimensional reduced differential transform method (RDTM) based on a local fractional derivative (LFD) to solve (n + 1)-dimensional local fractional partial differential equations (PDEs) in Cantor sets. The presented method is named the (n + 1)-dimensional local fractional reduced differential transform method (LFRDTM). First the theories, their proofs and also some basic properties of this procedure are given. To understand the introduced method clearly, we apply it on the (n + 1)-dimensional fractal heat-like equations (HLEs) and wave-like equations (WLEs). The applications show that this new technique is efficient, simply applicable and has powerful effects in (n + 1)-dimensional local fractional problems.
A Computational Tool for Comparative Energy Cost Analysis of Multiple-Crop Production Systems
Authors: Rodias Efthymios , Berruto Remigio , Bochtis Dionysis , Busato Patrizia , Sopegno Alessandro
Published: June 2017

Various crops can be considered as potential bioenergy and biofuel production feedstocks. The selection of the crops to be cultivated for that purpose is based on several factors. For an objective comparison between different crops, a common framework is required to assess their economic or energetic performance. In this paper, a computational tool for the energy cost evaluation of multiple-crop production systems is presented. All the in-field and transport operations are considered, providing a detailed analysis of the energy requirements of the components that contribute to the overall energy consumption. A demonstration scenario is also described. The scenario is based on three selected energy crops, namely Miscanthus, Arundo donax and Switchgrass. The tool can be used as a decision support system for the evaluation of different agronomical practices (such as fertilization and agrochemicals application), machinery systems, and management practices that can be applied in each one of the individual crops within the production system.
Break-Even Points of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Peak Shaving Applications
Authors: Rahmann Claudia , Mac-Clure Benjamin , Vittal Vijay , Valencia Felipe
Published: June 2017

In the last few years, several investigations have been carried out in the field of optimal sizing of energy storage systems (ESSs) at both the transmission and distribution levels. Nevertheless, most of these works make important assumptions about key factors affecting ESS profitability such as efficiency and life cycles and especially about the specific costs of the ESS, without considering the uncertainty involved. In this context, this work aims to answer the question: what should be the costs of different ESS technologies in order to make a profit when considering peak shaving applications? The paper presents a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the interaction between the profitability of an ESS project and some key parameters influencing the project performance. The proposed approach determines the break-even points for different ESSs considering a wide range of life cycles, efficiencies, energy prices, and power prices. To do this, an optimization algorithm for the sizing of ESSs is proposed from a distribution company perspective. From the results, it is possible to conclude that, depending on the values of round trip efficiency, life cycles, and power price, there are four battery energy storage systems (BESS) technologies that are already profitable when only peak shaving applications are considered: lead acid, NaS, ZnBr, and vanadium redox.
Power Quality and Energy Efficiency in the Pre-Evaluation of an Outdoor Lighting Renewal with Light-Emitting Diode Technology: Experimental Study and Amortization Analysis
Authors: Hermoso-Orzáez Manuel Jesús , Gago-Calderón Alfonso , Rojas-Sola José Ignacio
Published: June 2017

In this work, a practical methodology is proposed to analyze, before undertaking a large investment, an outdoor lighting installation renewal with light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires. The main problems found in many of the luminaires tested are associated with inrush peak currents in cold start (which may cause ignition problems with random shutdowns), the harmonic distortions caused by their AC/DC associated electronic nature driver, and their working and efficiency dependency on the ambient temperature. All these issues have been tested in the context of a large metal halide (MH) to LED luminaires lighting point renewal where six commercial LED projectors have been analyzed with the above considerations. This research has isolated a single-phase circuit powered with constant stabilized 230 VAC voltage source in a real public lighting installation. All of them have been sequentially installed and their main electrical and power-quality parameters measured and recorded. The results indicate that each luminaire option will influence the expected long-term reliability (>50.000 h or more as expressed by the U.S. Department of Energy) of the lighting installation (in the case poor power quality is generated on the grid). The economic analysis made to estimate the profitability of the investment may be severely affected by the difference between the declared and the real consumption values in which they perform in our specific installation.
Data Analysis and Neuro-Fuzzy Technique for EOR Screening: Application in Angolan Oilfields
Authors: Ramos Geraldo , Akanji Lateef
Published: June 2017

In this work, a neuro-fuzzy (NF) simulation study was conducted in order to screen candidate reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects in Angolan oilfields. First, a knowledge pattern is extracted by combining both the searching potential of fuzzy-logic (FL) and the learning capability of neural network (NN) to make a priori decisions. The extracted knowledge pattern is validated against rock and fluid data trained from successful EOR projects around the world. Then, data from Block K offshore Angolan oilfields are then mined and analysed using box-plot technique for the investigation of the degree of suitability for EOR projects. The trained and validated model is then tested on the Angolan field data (Block K) where EOR application is yet to be fully established. The results from the NF simulation technique applied in this investigation show that polymer, hydrocarbon gas, and combustion are the suitable EOR techniques.
New Insights in Thyroid Cancer and p53 Family Proteins
Authors: Manzella Livia , Stella Stefania , Pennisi Maria , Tirrò Elena , Massimino Michele , Romano Chiara , Puma Adriana , Tavarelli Martina , Vigneri Paolo
Published: June 2017

Thyroid cancers are common endocrine malignancies that comprise tumors with different clinical and histological features. Indeed, papillary and follicular thyroid cancers are slow-growing, well-differentiated tumors, whereas anaplastic thyroid cancers are undifferentiated neoplasias that behave much more aggressively. Well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas are efficiently cured by surgery and radioiodine, unlike undifferentiated tumors that fail to uptake radioactive iodine and are usually resistant to chemotherapy. Therefore, novel and more effective therapies for these aggressive neoplasias are urgently needed. Whereas most genetic events underlying the pathogenesis of well-differentiated thyroid cancers have been identified, the molecular mechanisms that generate undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas are still unclear. To date, one of the best-characterized genetic alterations leading to the development of poorly differentiated thyroid tumors is the loss of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. In addition, the existence of a complex network among p53 family members (p63 and p73) and their interactions with other factors that promote thyroid cancer progression has been well documented. In this review, we provide an update on the current knowledge of the role of p53 family proteins in thyroid cancer and their possible use as a therapeutic target for the treatment of the most aggressive variants of this disease.
Reverse Gyrase Functions in Genome Integrity Maintenance by Protecting DNA Breaks In Vivo
Authors: Han Wenyuan , Feng Xu , She Qunxin
Published: June 2017

Reverse gyrase introduces positive supercoils to circular DNA and is implicated in genome stability maintenance in thermophiles. The extremely thermophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus encodes two reverse gyrase proteins, TopR1 (topoisomerase reverse gyrase 1) and TopR2, whose functions in thermophilic life remain to be demonstrated. Here, we investigated the roles of TopR1 in genome stability maintenance in S. islandicus in response to the treatment of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), a DNA alkylation agent. Lethal MMS treatment induced two successive events: massive chromosomal DNA backbone breakage and subsequent DNA degradation. The former occurred immediately after drug treatment, leading to chromosomal DNA degradation that concurred with TopR1 degradation, followed by chromatin protein degradation and DNA-less cell formation. To gain a further insight into TopR1 function, the expression of the enzyme was reduced in S. islandicus cells using a CRISPR-mediated mRNA interference approach (CRISPRi) in which topR1 mRNAs were targeted for degradation by endogenous III-B CRISPR-Cas systems. We found that the TopR1 level was reduced in the S. islandicus CRISPRi cells and that the cells underwent accelerated genomic DNA degradation during MMS treatment, accompanied by a higher rate of cell death. Taken together, these results indicate that TopR1 probably facilitates genome integrity maintenance by protecting DNA breaks from thermo-degradation in vivo.
Adopting Sector-Based Replacement (SBR) and Utilizing Air-R to Achieve R-WSN Sustainability
Authors: Alkhalidi Sadam , Wang Dong , Al-Marhabi Zaid
Published: June 2017

Sensor replacement in the rechargeable wireless sensor network (R-WSN) is important to provide continuous sensing services once sensor node failure or damage occurs. However, satisfactory solutions have not been found yet in developing a sustainable network and effectively prolonging its lifetime. Thus, we propose a new technique for detecting, reporting, and handling sensor failure, called sector-based replacement (SBR). Base station (BS) features are utilized in dividing the monitoring field into sectors and analyzing the incoming data from the nodes to detect the failed nodes. An airplane robot (Air-R) is then sent to a replacement task trip. The goals of this study are to (i) increase and guarantee the sustainability of the R-WSN; (ii) rapidly detect the failed nodes in sectors by utilizing the BS capabilities in analyzing data and achieving the highest performance for replacing the failed nodes using Air-R; and (iii) minimize the Air-R effort movement by applying the new field-dividing mechanism that leads to fast replacement. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the SBR technique.
Antimicrobial Activity of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Ti-6Al-4V Metal Oxide
Authors: Reger Nina , Meng Wilson , Gawalt Ellen
Published: June 2017

Titanium and titanium alloy materials are commonly used in joint replacements, due to the high strength of the materials. Pathogenic microorganisms can easily adhere to the surface of the metal implant, leading to an increased potential for implant failure. The surface of a titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) metal oxide implant material was functionalized to deliver an small antibacterial molecule, nitric oxide. S-nitroso-penicillamine, a S-nitrosothiol nitric oxide donor, was covalently immobilized on the metal oxide surface using self-assembled monolayers. Infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the attachment of the S-nitrosothiol donor to the Ti-Al-4V surface. Attachment of S-nitroso-penicillamine resulted in a nitric oxide (NO) release of 89.6 ± 4.8 nmol/cm2 under physiological conditions. This low concentration of nitric oxide reduced Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis growth by 41.5 ± 1.2% and 25.3 ± 0.6%, respectively. Combining the S-nitrosothiol releasing Ti-6Al-4V with tetracycline, a commonly-prescribed antibiotic, increased the effectiveness of the antibiotic by 35.4 ± 1.3%, which allows for lower doses of antibiotics to be used. A synergistic effect of ampicillin with S-nitroso-penicillamine-modified Ti-6Al-4V against S. epidermidis was not observed. The functionalized Ti-6Al-4V surface was not cytotoxic to mouse fibroblasts.
From Producers to Consumers: The Challenges and Opportunities of Agricultural Development in Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Eklund Lina , Abdi Abdulhakim , Islar Mine
Published: June 2017

Agriculture and rural life in the Middle East have gone through several changes in the past few decades. The region is characterized by high population growth, urbanization, and water scarcity, which poses a challenge to maintaining food security and production. This paper investigates agricultural and rural challenges in the Duhok governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan from biophysical, political, and socio-economic perspectives. Satellite data is used to study land use and productivity, while a review of government policies and interview data show the perspectives of the government and the local population. Our results reveal that these perspectives are not necessarily in line with each other, nor do they correspond well with the biophysical possibilities. While the government has been trying to increase agricultural productivity, satellite data show that yields have been declining since 2000. Furthermore, a lack of services in rural areas is driving people to cities to seek better opportunities, which means that the local population’s incentive to increase agricultural activity is low. Governmental plans suggest land extensification to increase production and self-sufficiency, but the land use classification shows little available land. Instead, we recommend supporting small-scale traditional agriculture development as a more sustainable and feasible alternative. Additionally, more resources need to be focused on improving rural infrastructure and services to increase access to education and health care as a means of gaining support from the local population.
Wear Characterization of Cemented Carbides (WC–CoNi) Processed by Laser Surface Texturing under Abrasive Machining Conditions
Authors: Fang Shiqi , Llanes Luis , Bähre Dirk
Published: June 2017

Cemented carbides are outstanding engineering materials widely used in quite demanding material removal applications. In this study, laser surface texturing is implemented for enhancing, at the surface level, the intrinsic bulk-like tribological performance of these materials. In this regard, hexagonal pyramids patterned on the cutting surface of a tungsten cemented carbide grade (WC–CoNi) have been successfully introduced by means of laser surface texturing. It simulates the surface topography of conventional honing stones for abrasive application. The laser-produced structure has been tested under abrasive machining conditions with full lubrication. Wear of the structure has been characterized and compared, before and after the abrasive machining test, in terms of changes in geometry aspect and surface integrity. It is found that surface roughness of the machined workpiece was improved by the laser-produced structure. Wear characterization shows that laser treatment did not induce any significant damage to the cemented carbide. During the abrasive machining test, the structure exhibited a high wear resistance. Damage features were only discerned at the contacting surface, whereas geometrical shape of pyramids remained unchanged.
Soft Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators with Tunable Non-Linear Angular Deformation
Authors: Hong Wangyujue , Almomani Abdallah , Chen Yuanfen , Jamshidi Reihaneh , Montazami Reza
Published: June 2017

The most rational approach to fabricate soft robotics is the implementation of soft actuators. Conventional soft electromechanical actuators exhibit linear or circular deformation, based on their design. This study presents the use of conjugated polymers, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to locally vary ion permeability of the ionic electroactive polymer actuators and manipulate ion motion through means of structural design to realize intrinsic angular deformation. Such angular deformations are closer to biomimetic systems and have potential applications in bio-robotics. Electrochemical studies reveal that the mechanism of actuation is mainly associated with the charging of electric double layer (EDL) capacitors by ion accumulation and the PEDOT:PSS layer’s expansion by ion interchange and penetration. Dependence of actuator deformation on structural design is studied experimentally and conclusions are verified by analytical and finite element method modeling. The results suggest that the ion-material interactions are considerably dominated by the design of the drop-cast PEDOT:PSS on Nafion.