bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable and Sustainable Zinc (II) Ions‐Glue‐Assisted Conversion of Biomass Waste Bits into Carbon Aerogels for Efficient Uranium Extraction
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhou Yun , Tan Guoying , Ju Yujun , Chen Ying , Huo Yong , Li Hua , Zhou Tong , Song Jiaxin , Fan Zimeng , Liu Tonghuan , Huang Liang , Chen Fengjuan , Tang Yu
Published: July 2024

Carbon aerogels (CAs) have garnered significant attention due to their multifunctional applications. Biomass waste, abundantly generated by agriculture and industry, serves as a primary carbon source. However, developing a facile, sustainable, and efficient method to produce CAs from biomass waste remains challenging. In this study, a one‐step Zn2+ ion‐glue‐assisted carbonization technique was developed to produce large‐scale, high‐performance CAs. Various biomass materials (wood bits, peanut shells, bamboo bits, and straw waste) were treated in a molten salt system (ZnCl2/KCl) at 300 °C for 2 h to obtain large‐block CAs derived from biomass bits. Zn2+ ions cleave cellulose hydrogen bonds in natural biomass, facilitating the dehydration crosslinking reaction among cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, thus reconstructing the entire block structure. The resulting CAs exhibited high porosity (95 %) and low density (0.078 g/cm3). Numerous hydroxyl and carbonyl groups were preserved during the low‐temperature treatment, facilitating chemical modification for diverse applications. For instance, amidoxime functionalized CAs were utilized as filters for selective and highly efficient extraction of U(VI) from wastewater. The adsorption capacity and extraction efficiency reached 801.2 mg/g and 95 % with a flux rate of 6.1×103 L/m2 ⋅ h.
Radiosensitization of breast cancer cells with AgBiS2 nanodots: Preparation and in vitro evaluations
Authors: Xue Liangjun , Pilehvar Younes , Afshari Hamed , Liu Xijun
Published: July 2024

Radiotherapy (RT), which is a therapeutic treatment modality that is commonly used for cancer, employs high‐energy irradiation to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to cause DNA damages. Nevertheless, the therapeutic efficacy of RT is predominantly constrained due to inadequate DNA damage in malignancies and deleterious impacts on healthy tissues. In the current study, bovine serum albumin (BSA)–coated AgBiS2 nanodots, also known as AgBiS2@ BSA nanodots, were developed for enhanced breast cancer treatment. This was accomplished by the use of an extremely simple and eco‐friendly method. Both scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that prepared nanoradiosensitizers, AgBiS2@ BSA, were spherical in shape and uniformly distributed. AgBiS2@ BSA nanodots possessed excellent biocompatibility and exhibit excellent monodispersity as well. Furthermore, in vitro assays such as MTT, colony formation assay, and intracellular ROS generation assay revealed the significant cell inhibitory impact of the produced AgBiS2@ BSA nanodots under X‐ray irradiation under X‐ray irradiation. Remarkably, the combined administration of AgBiS2@ BSA nanodots along with X‐ray irradiation increased ROS level within cells by increasing the localized radiation dosage and improving the anti‐tumor effectiveness of RT.
Stop the Line: Interventions to Prevent Retained Surgical Items
Authors: Angelilli Sara
Published: July 2024

The surgical team works collaboratively to prevent the occurrence of retained surgical items (RSIs). The purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase compliance with facility policies and improve teamwork skills to prevent the occurrence of RSIs. The project team implemented an evidence‐based communication protocol, updated hospital network policies, introduced just‐in‐time job aids, and facilitated leader support through a daily huddle to address identified practice gaps. The TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire was used to measure the change in staff members’ attitudes about teamwork before and after project implementation. Additional process and outcome measures included the number of near misses and actual RSIs, compliance with the daily huddle, and completion of the communication training. Results included improved perceived teamwork attitude scores and zero reports of actual RSI events over 7.5 weeks.
A review of oil spill dynamics: Statistics, impacts, countermeasures, and weathering behaviors
Authors: Hettithanthri Oshadi , Nguyen Thi Bang Tuyen , Fiedler Thomas , Phan Chi , Vithanage Meththika , Pallewatta Shiran , Nguyen Thi My Linh , Nguyen Phuoc Quy An , Bolan Nanthi
Published: July 2024

Oil spills pose significant threats to marine and freshwater environments, impacting ecosystems and drinking water sources. The present review incorporated an up‐to‐date statistical analysis of the oil spills globally including the types and sources of oil spills and the main habitats affected by the past incidents. It presented immediate and long‐term effects on aquatic organisms and habitats highlighting the necessity for action to protect the aquatic environment. The paper also elucidated a range of effective remediation and cleanup methods, presenting a comprehensive toolkit to mitigate ecological damage. Noticeably, the review identified crucial knowledge gaps in the literature: (i) the absence of marine plastic pollution in studies on oil spill impacts and (ii) the absence of a modeling framework that considers the presence of microplastics in the spillage region and their impacts on the overall weathering rate. From synthesizing essential knowledge on oil spill dynamics and identifying the knowledge gap in the literature, this review aims to enhance understanding and guide future research.
CFD simulation study of thermal runaway inhibition for styrene polymerization by jet mixing
Authors: Jiang Jiajia , Chen Yating , Zhou Rui , Mao Guanrong
Published: July 2024

Thermal runaway of polymerization reactions causes serious accidents. To study the emergency inhibition process of thermal runaway, a styrene thermal polymerization reaction model is established by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combined with a thermodynamic model. The DIV critical criterion is used to determine the critical point of the runaway reaction. The inhibitory effect of injection diameter, injection rate, and injection angle of inhibitor (ethylbenzene) on the styrene polymerization reaction is studied comprehensively. The injection mixing trajectory of the inhibitor is visualized by using the Lagrangian particle tracking method. The injection parameters are optimized to suppress thermal runaway by the response surface method. The result shows that a combination of injection parameters with 2 mm injection port diameter, 5 m/s injection rate, and 90° injection angle can improve the suppression effect of thermal runaway for the established model in this paper. This work provides a theoretical basis for preventing thermal runaway for polymerization reactions.
An interesting phase transition in polyamide 6/nitrile rubber blend induced by temperature and pressure and its effect on tribological performance
Authors: Sun Shaojie , Nie Danli , Zhang Yunfan , Cai Ziqing
Published: July 2024

The preparation of high‐performance rubber‐plastic blending elastomers has always been a research hotspot in the field of petroleum equipment. The two‐phase separation structure of the blend determines the macroscopic properties of the materials. It is of great significance to deeply explore the influence of processing technology on the two‐phase separation structure. In this paper, polyamide 6 (PA6)/nitrile rubber blends were prepared via the melt–compounding method. To meet the requirements of oil production and oil transport equipment, we investigated systematically the mechanical properties of the specimens exposed to different environments. The oil resistance and high‐temperature resistance of the blends were enhanced considerably with the addition of PA6. The temperature and pressure fields induced a novel transition from particle into fibrous phase based on Ostwald's ripening. However, this brand new transformation showed no benefits to the improvement of the frictional performance. Meanwhile, the relationship between aggregate structure and mechanical performance was demonstrated from the aspects of crystallization behavior and phase morphology.
Susceptibility Invariance and Duality‐Matching Condition for Perpendicular‐Motion Metasurface
Authors: Zhou Bo , Feng Xingsong , Wu Enzong , Gao Fei , Chen Hongsheng , Wang Zuojia
Published: July 2024

Time‐varying metasurfaces have recently emerged as a promising platform to observe exotic wave behaviors in space‐time systems. In this paper, it theoretically reveals invariant susceptibility parameters for perpendicular‐moving metasurface. Duality‐matching condition is derived by utilizing generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) combined with Lorentz transformation (LT). A metasurface that satisfies the duality‐matching condition can hold its susceptibility parameters when it moves perpendicularly toward the sources. The moving‐invariant behavior is further discussed in time‐varying media and additional reflection is found to be inevitable if the constitutive parameters is discrete in time.
Highly Stable Ni−B/Honeycomb−Structural Al2O3 Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Luo Yuhao , Su Tongming , Chen Liuyun , Ji Hongbing , Qin Zuzeng
Published: July 2024

Two‐component catalysts have garnered significant attention in the field of catalysis due to their ability to inhibit Ni sintering. In the present work, honeycomb‐structuralstructured Al2O3‐supported Ni and B were prepared to enhance coke tolerance during dry reforming of methane (DRM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results revealed that the average particle sizes on Ni/Al2O3 and Ni‐0.16B/Al2O3 were 7.6 nm and 4.2 nm, respectively, indicating that B can effectively inhibit Ni sintering. After a 100‐hour reaction, the conversion of CH4 and CO2 on Ni/Al2O3 decreased by approximately 5 %, whereas on Ni‐0.16B/Al2O3, there was no significant decrease in CH4 and CO2 conversion, with values of approximately 81.6 % and 87.2 %, respectively. In situ DRIFT spectra demonstrated that Ni‐0.16B/Al2O3 enhanced the activation of CO2, thus improving the catalyst‘s stability. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) model was developed for intrinsic kinetics, and the resulting kinetic expressions were well‐fitted fit to the experimental data, with R2 values exceeding 0.9. ActivationThe activation energies were also calculated. The outstanding stability of Ni‐0.16B/Al2O3 can be attributed to its stable honeycomb structure and B′s ability to significantly inhibit Ni sintering, reduce catalyst particle size, and enhance coke tolerance.
Impact of mixing grain sorghum with corn on ethanol and coproduct yields
Authors: Johnston David B. , Stoklosa Ryan J. , Yee Winnie
Published: July 2024

Existing corn ethanol biorefineries produce about 94% of the ethanol capacity in the USA and currently have surplus production capacity. Expanding feedstocks for existing facilities rather than building new dedicated facilities could provide significant benefits and cost savings. Grain sorghum is a feedstock with a similar composition to corn, which could be utilized at significant incorporation levels in existing facilities with minimal or no modifications but it is currently only used minimally. To understand the impact of grain sorghum incorporation better we studied mixed corn and grain sorghum fermentation at the laboratory scale and utilized the data generated to develop technical models for the individual grains and for a 50/50 mixture at 119 million kg per year (40 million gal per year). Detailed processing and economic comparisons were developed to determine the overall impact. The results showed significant feedstock savings ($8 million per year) potential for utilization of sorghum relative to corn. Ethanol production cost was reduced by $0.07 per kg of ethanol using sorghum relative to corn. Other potential impacts on coproduct composition and values were also determined and discussed.
DNA methylation of the Lamin A/C gene is associated with congenital heart disease
Authors: Mukherjee Nandini , Bolin Elijah H. , Qasim Amna , Orloff Mohammed S. , Lupo Philip J. , Nembhard Wendy N.
Published: July 2024

Background

Prior studies report associations of maternal serum Lamin A, encoded by the LMNA gene, with fetal congenital heart disease (CHD). It is unknown whether DNA methylation (DNAm) of cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) sites in LMNA impacts the CHD susceptibility.

Methods

We investigated the associations of LMNA DNAm with CHD using publicly available data of CHD cases (n = 197) and controls (n = 134) from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. Peripheral blood DNAm was measured using Illumina 850 K BeadChip for cases and 450 K BeadChip for controls. We tested 31 LMNA CpGs to identify differences in DNAm between cases and controls using linear regression correcting for multiple testing with false discovery rate (FDR). In a case‐only analysis, we tested the variations in LMNA DNAm between CHD subtypes. To identify the consistency of DNAm across tissue types we compared peripheral blood (n = 197) and heart tissue DNAm (n = 20) in CHD cases.

Results

After adjusting for age, sex, and cell types there were significant differences in 17 of the 31 LMNA CpGs between CHD cases and controls (FDR p ≤ .05). We identified lower DNAm of cg09820673 at 3′ UTR for hypoplastic left heart syndrome compared to other CHD subtypes. Three CpGs exhibited uniform DNAm in blood and heart tissues in cases. Eleven CpGs showed changes in the same direction in blood and heart tissues in cases compared to controls.

Conclusion

We identify statistically significant differences in LMNA DNAm between CHD cases and controls. Future studies should investigate the role of maternal LMNA DNAm in CHD development.
Tangential flow filtration facilitated fractionation of polymerized human serum albumin: Insights into the effects of molecular size on biophysical properties
Authors: Abdalbaqi Amna , Yahya Ahmad , Govender Krianthan , Muñoz Carlos , Moer Gala Sanchez Van , Lucas Daniela , Cabrales Pedro , Palmer Andre F.
Published: July 2024

Human serum albumin (HSA) is currently used as a plasma expander (PE) to increase blood volume during hypovolemic conditions, such as blood loss. However, its effectiveness is suboptimal in septic shock and burn patients due to their enhanced endothelial permeability, resulting in HSA extravasation into the tissue space leading to edema, and deposition of toxic HSA‐bound metabolites. Hence, to expand HSA's applicability toward treating patients with compromised endothelial permeability, HSA has been previously polymerized to increase its molecular size thus compartmentalizing the polymerized HSA (PolyHSA) molecules in the vascular space. Previous studies bracketed PolyHSA between 100 kDa and 0.2 μm. In this research, PolyHSA was synthesized at two cross‐link densities 43:1 and 60:1 (i.e., molar ratios of glutaraldehyde to HSA) and subsequently fractionated via tangential flow filtration (TFF) into two narrower brackets: bracket A (500 kDa and 0.2 μm) and bracket B (50–500 kDa). PolyHSA within the same size bracket at different cross‐link densities exhibited similar solution viscosity, zeta potential, and osmolality but differed in hydrodynamic diameter. At the same cross‐link density, the PolyHSA A bracket showed higher viscosity, lowered zeta potential, and a larger hydrodynamic diameter compared with the PolyHSA B bracket while maintaining osmolality. Interestingly, PolyHSA 43:1 B, PolyHSA 60:1 A, and PolyHSA 60:1 B brackets exhibited colloid osmotic pressure similar to HSA, indicating their potential to serve as PEs.
New anatomical findings in the mandibular body region: Two parts that make up bucco‐mandibular space
Authors: Inoue Eiko , Iwanaga Joe , Han Aya , Tabira Yoko , Haikata Yuto , Kikuchi Keishiro , Saga Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Koichi
Published: July 2024

Soft tissue spaces not only enable gliding by contraction of the facial muscles, but they also cause drooping of the superficial fat due to gravity in the upright position. This study was performed to clarify the structures around the bucco‐mandibular space (BMS) and to apply this anatomical knowledge to clinical practice. Four sides of the face were dissected using a conventional gross anatomical dissection technique, and 10 sides (5 horizontal and 5 frontal sections) of the removed semi‐facial soft tissue were dissected using the stretched tissue dissection (STD) method. Histological examination of the mandible was performed on two sides to confirm the findings of conventional gross anatomical dissection and STD. In all cases, both gross dissection and STD revealed that the BMS was composed of two parts. The superficial part was filled with adipose tissue containing nerves and vessels, including the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, facial artery, facial vein, and mental nerve. We named this part the adipo‐neuromandibular part. By contrast, the deep part was separated from the adipo‐neurovascular part by facial deep fascia and composed of loose connective tissue. We named this deep part the loose connective tissue part. The STD method enabled us to obtain detailed anatomical findings of the mandibular region and elucidate two parts of the BMS in which the neurovasculature is distributed. We believe that these findings provide new insights into facial anatomy by resolving existing anatomical uncertainties and will contribute to safer surgical treatment in the facial region.
Advances and clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hematological malignancies
Authors: Sun Wenyue , Hu Shunfeng , Wang Xin
Published: July 2024

Immune checkpoints are differentially expressed on various immune cells to regulate immune responses in tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells can activate the immune checkpoint pathway to establish an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and inhibit the anti‐tumor immune response, which may lead to tumor progression by evading immune surveillance. Interrupting co‐inhibitory signaling pathways with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could reinvigorate the anti‐tumor immune response and promote immune‐mediated eradication of tumor cells. As a milestone in tumor treatment, ICIs have been firstly used in solid tumors and subsequently expanded to hematological malignancies, which are in their infancy. Currently, immune checkpoints have been investigated as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies, and novel immune checkpoints, such as signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐inducible protein 8‐like 2 (TIPE2), are constantly being discovered. Numerous ICIs have received clinical approval for clinical application in the treatment of hematological malignancies, especially when used in combination with other strategies, including oncolytic viruses (OVs), neoantigen vaccines, bispecific antibodies (bsAb), bio‐nanomaterials, tumor vaccines, and cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells. Moreover, the proportion of individuals with hematological malignancies benefiting from ICIs remains lower than expected due to multiple mechanisms of drug resistance and immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Close monitoring and appropriate intervention are needed to mitigate irAEs while using ICIs. This review provided a comprehensive overview of immune checkpoints on different immune cells, the latest advances of ICIs and highlighted the clinical applications of immune checkpoints in hematological malignancies, including biomarkers, targets, combination of ICIs with other therapies, mechanisms of resistance to ICIs, and irAEs, which can provide novel insight into the future exploration of ICIs in tumor treatment.
Anthocyanin Profiles in the Tropical Fruits Eugenia jambolana and Inga edulis: A Comparative Study Using Paper Spray Ionization (PSI‐MS), Tissue Spray Ionization (TSI‐MS), and Direct Infusion (DI‐MS)
Authors: Lima Gesiane S. , Lima Nerilson M. , Balbino Naará S. , Sousa Jean C. P. , Santos Gabriel F. , Vaz Boniek G.
Published: July 2024

Paper spray ionization (PSI‐MS) and tissue spray ionization (TSI‐MS) mass spectrometry are simple and rapid ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques that offer numerous advantages over conventional analysis methods. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of detecting anthocyanins from Eugenia jambolana fruit peel and Inga edulis seeds using PSI‐MS, TSI‐MS, and DI‐MS (direct infusion). DI‐MS exhibited high efficiency, detecting all compounds in abundance, with anthocyanins malvidin 3,5‐O‐diglucoside (1) and petunidin 3,5‐O‐diglucoside (2) being the most prevalent. PSI‐MS, however, struggled to detect delphinidin 3‐O‐glucoside and showed lower abundances for compounds 1, 2, 3 (delphinidin 3,5‐O‐diglucoside), and 4 (petunidin 3‐O‐glucoside) compared to DI‐MS, attributed to the technique's challenges with molecular weight and polarity. TSI‐MS was least effective, detecting only compounds 1, 2, and 3 at low intensities. The overall unique compounds identified across techniques were 134, emphasizing the importance of comprehensively employing multiple methods to analyze anthocyanins in these edible plants.
Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti‐Alzheimer, And α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect Of Algerian Peganum harmala Seeds Extract
Authors: Benramdane Hanane , Benariba Nabila , Silva Carlos F. M. , Catarino Marcelo D. , Bartolomeu Maria , Fekhikher Zohra , Pinto Diana C. G. A.
Published: July 2024

Peganum harmala seeds crude hydro‐methanolic extract and their fractions (obtained with ethyl acetate and butan‐1‐ol) were analyzed and compared for their chemical profiles of alkaloids and polyphenols content. Moreover, their antioxidant, α‐glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities were evaluated. The butan‐1‐ol fraction revealed the highest total phenolic content and exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity. From the inhibitory enzyme evaluations, it should be highlighted the butan‐1‐ol fraction inhibitory potential of ɑ‐glucosidase (the IC50=141.18±4 μg/mL), which was better than the acarbose inhibitory effect (IC50=203.41±1.07 μg/mL). The extracts’ chemical profile analysis revealed several compounds, in which quercetin dimethyl ether, harmine and harmaline emerged as the major compounds. The different solvents used impacted Peganum harmala seed contents and biological responses. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between bioactive compounds and biological activities. Thus, Peganum harmala seeds could be a promising natural source of bioactive compounds at the crossroads of many human diseases, and its cultivation may be encouraged.
A comprehensive overview of radiation therapy impacts of various cancer treatments and pivotal role in the immune system
Authors: Srinivasan Dhasarathdev , Subbarayan Rajasekaran , Srivastava Nityanand , Radhakrishnan Arunkumar , Adtani Pooja Narain , Chauhan Ankush , Krishnamoorthy Loganathan
Published: July 2024

The cancer treatment landscape is significantly evolving, focusing on advanced radiation therapy methods to maximize effectiveness and minimize the adverse effects. Recognized as a pivotal component in cancer and disease treatment, radiation therapy (RT) has drawn attention in recent research that delves into its intricate interplay with inflammation and the immune response. This exploration unveils the underlying processes that significantly influence treatment outcomes. In this context, the potential advantages of combining bronchoscopy with RT across diverse clinical scenarios, alongside the targeted impact of brachytherapy, are explored. Concurrently, radiation treatments serve multifaceted roles such as DNA repair, cell elimination, and generating immune stress signaling molecules known as damage‐associated molecular patterns, elucidating their effectiveness in treating various diseases. External beam RT introduces versatility by utilizing particles such as photons, electrons, protons, or carbon ions, each offering distinct advantages. Advanced RT techniques contribute to the evolving landscape, with emerging technologies like FLASH, spatially fractionated RT, and others poised to revolutionize the field. The comprehension of RT, striving for improved treatment outcomes, reduced side effects, and facilitating personalized and innovative treatments for cancer and noncancer patients. After navigating these advancements, the goal is fixed to usher in a new era in which RT is a cornerstone of precision and effectiveness in medical interventions. In summarizing the myriad findings, the review underscores the significance of understanding the differential impacts of radiation approaches on inflammation and immune modulation, offering valuable insights for developing innovative therapeutic interventions that harness the immune system in conjunction with RT.
One‐pot Functionalization for the Preparation of Cobaltocene‐Modified Redox‐Responsive Porous Microparticles
Authors: Rittner Till , Kim Jaeshin , Haben Aaron , Kautenburger Ralf , Janka Oliver , Kim Jungtae , Gallei Markus
Published: July 2024

Porous organic cobaltocenium‐containing particles are scarce in literature but highly interesting for their electrochemical properties and reusability in, for example, catalysis or magnetic systems. In this work, we present a scalable one‐pot strategy to introduce tailorable amounts of cobaltocenium on a porous substrate, adjusting the electrochemical switching capability. For this purpose, 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propan‐1‐amine (APTES) and ethynyl cobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate is used as functionalization agents for in‐situ catalyst‐free hydroamination, followed by silane condensation at the particles’ surface. Functionalized particles are characterized by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) showing excellent control over the degree of functionalization, i.e., the added cobaltocenium reagents. The electrochemical stability and good addressability while preserving the porous structure are shown. By utilizing higher amounts of APTES, the overall cobaltocenium amount can be reduced in favor of additional amine groups, strongly affecting the electrochemical behavior, making this functionalization strategy a good platform for metallopolymer immobilization and tailored functionalization. Additionally, thermal treatment of the synthesized metallopolymer microparticles paves the way to magnetic properties with tailorable microporous architectures for end‐of‐life and upcycling aspects.
Merging of a Supramolecular Ligand with a Switchable Luminophore – Light‐Responsiveness, Photophysics and Bioimaging
Authors: Balszuweit Jan , Stahl Paul , Cappellari Victoria , Lorberg Rick Y. , Wölper Christoph , Niemeyer Felix C. , Koch Johannes , Prymak Oleg , Knauer Shirley K. , Strassert Cristian A. , Voskuhl Jens
Published: July 2024

In this contribution we report on a novel approach towards luminescent light‐responsive ligands. To this end, cyanostilbene‐ guanidiniocarbonyl‐pyrrole hybrids were designed and investigated. Merging of a luminophore with a supramolecular bioactive ligand bears numerous advantages by overcoming the typical drawbacks of drug‐labelling, influencing the overall performance of the active species by attachment of a large luminophore. Here we were able to establish a simple and easily accessible synthesis route to different cyanostyryl‐guanidininiocarbonyl‐pyrrole (CGCP) derivatives. These compounds were investigated regarding their light‐responsive double bond isomerisation, their molecular structures in single crystals by means of X‐ray diffractometry, their emission properties by state of the art photophysical characterisation as well as bioimaging and assessment of cell toxicity.
Reappraisal of bone and soft tissue cytopathology classification using the modified Milan system
Authors: Naka Masaki , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Kohashi Kenichi , Iwasaki Takeshi , Mori Taro , Nogami Miwako , Ookubo Fumihiko , Higuchi Kayoko , Motoi Toru , Oda Yoshinao
Published: July 2024

Background

A standardized reporting system for bone and soft tissue tumor cytopathology has not yet been established. The objective of this study was to explore the potential utility of a classification modified from the Milan System for Salivary Gland Cytopathology and compared it with the upcoming World Health Organization (WHO) system for fine‐needle aspiration of soft tissue lesions.

Methods

The authors reviewed 285 cytology cases of bone/joint (n = 173) and soft tissue (n = 112) lesions, scoring each within diagnostic categories. The results were compared with histologic diagnoses and the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category, and diagnostic reliability was analyzed.

Results

All 285 cases were successfully classified into one of the following categories: nondiagnostic (6.3%), non‐neoplastic (11.9%), atypia of uncertain significance (11.9%), benign neoplasm (5.6%), bone and soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (25.3%), suspicious for malignancy (1.4%), and malignant (37.5%). The ROM was 44.4% (eight of /18 cases) in nondiagnostic, 0% (zero of 34 cases) in non‐neoplastic, 32.4% (11 of 34 cases) in atypia of uncertain significance, 0% (zero of 16 cases) in benign neoplasm, 16.7% (12 of 72 cases) in bone and soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, 75.0% (three of four cases) in suspicious for malignancy, and 100% (107 of 107 cases) in malignant categories. Using the WHO system, the proportion and ROM of the benign category (non‐neoplastic and benign neoplasm) was 17.5% and 0%, respectively. Among benign and malignant lesions, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for detecting malignancy were 99.4%, 100%, and 98.0%, respectively.

Conclusions

The modified Milan system as well as the WHO system may be a useful cytopathologic classification tool for both bone and soft tissue lesions.
Highly Porous Particles of Cellulose Derivatives for Advanced Applications
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikita M. , Zakharevich Anastasia A. , Vdovichenko Artem Yu. , Kovaleva Victoria V. , Zagoskin Yuriy D. , Bakirov Artem V. , Malakhov Sergey N. , Grigoriev Timofei E. , Chvalun Sergei N.
Published: July 2024

A chemical modification of cellulose diacetate by phthalate and nitrate was performed to increase solubility in organic solvents and change the electrical properties. The role of substituents on the conductivity, permittivity, and polarizability of cellulose films is revealed. It has been shown that highly porous micro particles can be obtained from cellulose derivatives by a simple and technological freeze‐drying method. The resulting micro sized aerogels have a predominantly spherical morphology and amorphous structure. Suspensions of porous particles of nitro‐ and phthalylated cellulose derivatives in silicone oil have an increased dielectric permittivity compared to cellulose diacetate particles. Produced particles are novel promising material with tunable electrical properties for advanced applications in composites, including for electrorheological fluids.
A Phase 1 Assessment of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of (2R,6R)‐Hydroxynorketamine in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Raja Shruti M. , Guptill Jeffrey T. , Mack Michelle , Peterson Marni , Byard Stephen , Twieg Robert , Jordan Lynn , Rich Natalie , Castledine Richard , Bourne Samuel , Wilmshurst Martin , Oxendine Sarah , Avula Satya G.C. , Zuleta Helen , Quigley Paul , Lawson Sheila , McQuaker Stephen J. , Ahmadkhaniha Reza , Appelbaum Lawrence G. , Kowalski Kevin , Barksdale Chineta T. , Gufford Brandon T. , Awan Asaad , Sancho Alfredo R. , Moore Max C. , Berrada Karim , Cogan Gregory B. , DeLaRosa Jesse , Radcliffe Jeanne , Pao Maryland , Kennedy Michelle , Lawrence Quentin , Goldfeder Lisa , Amanfo Leslie , Zanos Panos , Gilbert Jessica R. , Morris Patrick J. , Moaddel Ruin , Gould Todd D. , Zarate Carlos A. , Thomas Craig J.
Published: July 2024

(R,S)‐Ketamine (ketamine) is a dissociative anesthetic that also possesses analgesic and antidepressant activity. Undesirable dissociative side effects and misuse potential limit expanded use of ketamine in several mental health disorders despite promising clinical activity and intensifying medical need. (2R,6R)‐Hydroxynorketamine (RR‐HNK) is a metabolite of ketamine that lacks anesthetic and dissociative activity but maintains antidepressant and analgesic activity in multiple preclinical models. To enable future assessments in selected human indications, we report the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of RR‐HNK in a Phase 1 study in healthy volunteers (NCT04711005). A six‐level single‐ascending dose (SAD) (0.1–4 mg/kg) and a two‐level multiple ascending dose (MAD) (1 and 2 mg/kg) study was performed using a 40‐minute IV administration emulating the common practice for ketamine administration for depression. Safety assessments showed RR‐HNK possessed a minimal adverse event profile and no serious adverse events at all doses examined. Evaluations of dissociation and sedation demonstrated that RR‐HNK did not possess anesthetic or dissociative characteristics in the doses examined. RR‐HNK PK parameters were measured in both the SAD and MAD studies and exhibited dose‐proportional increases in exposure. Quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) measurements collected as a PD parameter based on preclinical findings and ketamine's established effect on gamma‐power oscillations demonstrated increases of gamma power in some participants at the lower/mid‐range doses examined. Cerebrospinal fluid examination confirmed RR‐HNK exposure within the central nervous system (CNS). Collectively, these data demonstrate RR‐HNK is well tolerated with an acceptable PK profile and promising PD outcomes to support the progression into Phase 2.
Enhancing spectral efficiency of green metric cognitive radio network using an adaptive optimization and communication protocol
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Kumari Sangeeta
Published: July 2024

Information technology enables the process of spectral sensing and spectral efficiency (SE) with the help of different strategies attracted by researchers in cooperative cognitive radio networks (CCRN). Compared with other wireless technologies, spectral sharing in green metric CCRN (GMCCRN) is an effective strategy. Due to the collaboration between the unlicensed and licensed customers, the spectral sharing between the cooperative customers possesses various challenges. Here, the effectiveness of green CCRN is demonstrated through a variety of useful techniques. The proposed work designed a channel using Markov Gaussian wideband distribution (MGWD), and for communication, dynamic optimal relay‐based protocol (DORP) is used. Also, an effective optimization known as adaptive dynamic group‐based optimization algorithm (ADGCO) is used to examine the false alarm detection and finest spectral sensing. Finally, the effectiveness of GMCCRN is validated in terms of outage probability, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and throughput. Furthermore, the results revealed that the proposed method in CCRN reduces power consumption at both the secondary user (SU) and primary user (PU) sides. Also, the method maximized the throughput compared with existing schemes and achieved 0.3 as error prospect and 92.6% as accuracy.
Hybrid game theoretic strategy for optimal relay selection in energy harvesting cognitive radio network
Authors: Bakshi Shalley , Sharma Surbhi , Khanna Rajesh
Published: July 2024

Relay selection plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance of wireless networks particularly in the context of cognitive radio (CR) systems with energy harvesters. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, namely, CGAPSO Shapley, for the best relay selection while simultaneously optimizing the parameters of signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR), throughput, and outage probability. The CGAPSO Shapley algorithm combines the Shapley value, a cooperative game theory concept, with cellular genetic algorithm particle swarm optimization (CGAPSO) to achieve effective and efficient optimization of relay selection. The CGAPSO framework provides a hybrid structure that integrates cellular genetic algorithm (CGA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), enabling simultaneous evolution of the population and particles within cells. The incorporation of the Shapley value and the hybrid CGAPSO framework enables effective exploration of the solution space and provides decision‐makers with comprehensive insights for relay selection. By utilizing the Shapley value, we assign weights to the relay nodes based on their contributions to the overall optimization objectives, considering their CR capabilities and energy harvesting capabilities. Some benchmark test functions are used to compare the hybrid algorithm with both the standard CGAPSO, Particle swarm optimization gravitational search algorithm (PSOGSA) and PSO algorithms in evolving best solution. The results show the hybrid algorithm possesses a better capability to escape from local optimums with faster convergence than the standard algorithms. The novel CGAPSO Shapley approach achieves an outage probability of 0.323324, marking a significant improvement of 60% over the outage probability achieved with conventional approach.
‘You shouldn't ignore it just because it's sensitive’: The perceived needs of healthcare professionals working in culturally diverse teams
Authors: Schmidt Manuela , Uman Timur
Published: July 2024

Healthcare is often delivered by teams made up of culturally and demographically diverse members. Group diversity, for example, in terms of age, gender and/or culture, can bring a range of benefits, but also complex challenges for the functioning of healthcare teams. The literature suggests that cultural diversity is the most difficult issue for these teams to manage. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the perceived needs of healthcare professionals when working in culturally diverse teams. Data were collected through individual interviews with 23 healthcare professionals working in two hospitals in one municipality in southern Sweden. The data were analysed using an inductive content analysis approach. In the process of the analysis, two main categories of needs emerged: Favourable working conditions and guidance, and Commonalities. The findings highlight the need for the right work and team climate, as well as leadership, for culturally diverse teams to function well. In addition, the implementation and communication of rules and regulations, clarity of roles, and a shared understanding of cultural diversity, language, and the culture of care are important for these teams. By uncovering the needs expressed by healthcare professionals in relation to working in culturally diverse teams, our research provides important insights into the key enablers of the benefits of team diversity in the healthcare context.
Homogenous Microporous Thin Films Assembled Using Discrete Metal–Organic Polyhedra
Authors: Ko Soyeon , Ryu UnJin , Yoo Ho Yeon , Shin Jeeyoung , Choi Kyung Min , Park Dong Gyu , Choi Won Ho
Published: July 2024

Homogeneous films with tailored microporous structures are crucial for several applications; however, fabricating such films presents significant challenges. This is primarily because most microporous materials have crystal sizes in the nano‐ and micrometer ranges, which inevitably generates intergranular spaces in the films, thereby complicating the fabrication of these thin films. In this study, functionalized metal–organic polyhedra (MOPs) are used as discrete microporous units and assembled into homogenous microporous films. The generation of intergranular spaces is avoided while controlling packing parameters and film thicknesses. Initially, the MOP units, influenced by van der Waals forces between carbon chains of functionalized adipic acids, display an affinity to form spindle‐shaped blocks and islands. As the MOP concentration increases, these structures self‐assembled into a hexagonally packed structure with an in‐plane orientation and a maximum stacking of two layers of MOPs. By contrast, un‐functionalized MOPs form a disordered film structure owing to random agglomeration. Evidently, functionalized adipic acid influences the orientation of the MOP network films with uniformly distributed micropores, effectively preventing the formation of intergranular spaces. Additionally, formaldehyde adsorption and desorption experiments revealed that the MOP network films possess superior adsorption and desorption capacities. The proposed approach signifies a breakthrough in the fabrication of homogenous microporous films.
Innate immune mechanisms promote human response to Acinetobacter baumannii infection
Authors: Sabatini Andrea , Lucidi Massimiliano , Ciolfi Serena , Vuotto Claudia , De Bardi Marco , Visca Paolo , Battistini Luca , Visaggio Daniela , Volpe Elisabetta
Published: July 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic Gram‐negative bacterium representing one of the leading causes of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. The development of pneumonia results from a complex interplay between pathogens and pulmonary innate mucosal immunity. Therefore, the knowledge of the host immune responses is pivotal for the development of effective therapeutics to treat A. baumannii infections. Previous studies were conducted using cell lines and animal models, but a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between A. baumannii and primary human immune cells is still lacking. To bridge this gap, we investigated the response of primary monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells to the A. baumannii‐type strain and an epidemic clinical isolate. We found that all immune cells trigger different responses when interacting with A. baumannii. In particular, macrophages and monocytes mediate bacterial clearance, whereas monocytes and dendritic cells activate a late response through the production of cytokines, chemokines, and the expression of co‐stimulatory molecules. The epidemic strain induces lower expression of interleukin‐10 and CD80 compared with the type strain, potentially constituting two immune evasion strategies.
Covalent and non‐covalent approach for SWCNT‐containing macromolecular structure formation for palladium accumulation
Authors: Markiewicz Karolina H. , Breczko Joanna , Wojtulewski Sławomir , Wilczewska Agnieszka Z. , Winkler Krzysztof
Published: July 2024

In this study, novel materials combining palladium‐imprinted polymers (PdIP) with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were developed to modify screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) and tested as sensors for detecting palladium ions. The arrangement of the SWCNTs‐PdIP network is crucial for the electrochemical performance of the material. Therefore, we compared two types of materials: one with covalent linkages and the other with non‐covalent linkages between the SWCNTs and the polymer. The materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and porosimetry. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry demonstrated a significant improvement in the electrochemical properties of the material with covalent linkages between PdIP and SWCNTs. The results confirmed the performance of the proposed SWCNTs‐X/PdIP‐based electrochemical sensor for detecting palladium ions. They showed a linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.06–1.5 mmol L−1, and the estimated limit of detection (LOD) was 0.026159 mmol L−1 (S/N=3). The constructed sensor showed high analytical sensitivity (675.46 μA mmol−1 L cm−2), good repeatability (RSD=4.05 %), and recovery (97 %).
An AI based cross‐language aspect‐level sentiment analysis model using English corpus
Authors: Chen Jing , Pan Li
Published: July 2024

Accurate cross‐language aspect‐level sentiment analysis methods can provide accurate decision support for social networks, e‐commerce platforms, and other platforms, thereby providing users with higher quality services. However, actual data is very complex and contains a large amount of redundant information. Existing methods face challenges in extracting semantic association information and deep emotional features when dealing with this complex data. To address these issues, an aspect‐level sentiment analysis model (called Multi‐XLNet‐RCNN) is proposed that integrates multi‐channel XLNet and RCNN. First, a multi‐channel XLNet (Multi XLNet) network model is used to perform autoregressive encoding operations on different languages, fully extracting contextual information from the text and better characterizing the ambiguity of the text. Then, in the RCNN module, the contextual features output by the BiGRU layer are concatenated with the pre trained input features to extract deeper emotional features. Finally, in response to the issue of inconsistent aspect‐level information in sentence features extracted from different language channels, a multi head attention mechanism based on aspect class interaction is utilized to obtain a text attention emotion representation for a given aspect, thereby improving the accuracy of aspect‐level emotion classification. The experiment uses the public English corpus provided by SemEval 2016 as the source language, and Chinese comment data on Dianping and JD E‐commerce platforms as the target language. The experimental results show that the proposed Multi XLNet‐RCNN sentiment analysis method can achieve accurate aspect‐level Sentiment analysis, and the accuracy rates on the two data sets of Dianping and Jingdong E‐commerce can be as high as 0.851 and 0.792, respectively, superior to other advanced comparison models. This model has good application value in cross‐language analysis of social networks and e‐commerce platforms.
Amplitude‐dependent modal viscous damping for distributed stick–slip systems
Authors: He Chong , Sun Feifei , Li Guo‐Qiang , Xiang Yang
Published: July 2024

An accurate damping model serves as the foundation for reliable structural analysis. One of the primary sources of structural damping is the stick–slip mechanism caused by interfacial friction. Structural damping is usually represented by the modal damping ratio, and the modal equivalent viscous damping ratio (EVDR) of a stick–slip system is crucial in structural dynamic modeling. To date, an accurate yet simple prediction method for modal amplitude‐dependent EVDR that considers the distribution characteristics of the stick–slip mechanism remains unavailable. In the present study, the modal EVDRs of a distributed stick–slip system (DSSS) extended from a single degree‐of‐freedom stick–slip system were calculated using the modal energy equivalence method. The correlation between the stick–slip parameters and the modal damping behavior was investigated at various amplitude levels on the basis of the assumption of equal stick–slip parameters. A two‐parameter damping model represented by a single stick–slip damping model was developed to capture the amplitude dependence of the frictional EVDR. Furthermore, a practical prediction method based on the stick–slip parameters was proposed for the modal EVDR of the fundamental and higher‐order modes. The seismic analysis of two illustrative structures with nonuniform and uniform interstory stiffness demonstrated the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method in predicting the modal EVDR of the DSSS. The proposed equivalent linear viscous damping system is suitable for the quick prediction of structural dynamic responses.