bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FULL DAY SCHOOL DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA SMKN 13 KOTA MALANG
Authors: Leasa Marleny , Batlolona John Rafafy
Published: April 2017

AbstrakPendidikan dengan kualitas yang bermartabat dan baik dimulai dari terbentuknya karakter mulia peserta didik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembinaan dan pembentukan karakter siswa (taruna) jurusan keperawatan di SMK Negeri 13 Malang. Penelitian menggunakan statistik deskriptif, untuk mengungkap respon sekolah terhadap program Full Day School (FDS) dalam rangka pembinaan dan pembentukan karakter siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respon sekolah (kepala sekolah, guru pembina) termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik, sedangkan instruktur TNI AL termasuk dalam kategori baik. Perolehan nilai karakter keperawatan siswakelas X yaitu 13,63% kategori memuaskan; 31,82% kategori sangat baik; dan 54,54% kategori baik. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa sekolah dan siswa sama-sama memberikan respon yang positif terhadap kegiatan FDS. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang output karakter lulusan di dunia kerja atau di masyarakat.Kata kunci: full day school, karakter, peserta didik Abstract Education with dignity and good quality starts from the formation of a noble character learners. This study aims to describe the development and character formation of student majoring in nursing at SMK Negeri 13 Kota Malang. Research using descriptive technique to uncover the response of FDS program in the framework of development and character formation of the student. The result showed that the response of the school (principals teachers) included in the very good category, while the Navy instructors included in good category. The character values of nursing students of class X is 13,63% which is a statisfactory category; 31,82 as very good category; and 54,54 has good category. Thus concluded that the shcool and students a like responded positively to FDS activities. Future students recommended to obtain information about the character output of graduates in the workplace or in the community as an input to evaluate this program.Keywords: full day school, character, student
Quantifying the fatal and non-fatal burden of Stroke and its modifiable determinants using routine Scottish healthcare datasets
Authors: Wyper Grant , Grant Ian , Tod Elaine , McFadden Margaret , Mesalles-Naranjo Oscar , Craig Neil , Dobbie Richard , Fischbacher Colin , McCartney Gerard , Stockton Diane
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesThe gap between a population’s actual and ideal health can be quantified by Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY). This metric combines the Years Lived with Disability (YLD) and Years of Life Lost (YLL). When supplemented by a Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) it can depict the magnitude of disease burden and the effect that modifiable exposures contribute. We aim to utilise routine healthcare records to quantify the burden and potential reduction in DALY caused by stroke.

ApproachHospital stays involving a stroke diagnosis (ICD-9: 430-431, 433-34, 436; ICD-10: I60-61, I63-64) were identified through secondary care primary diagnoses from 1981-2013 and used to derive the incidence of acute stroke and the point-prevalence of chronic stroke. Disability weights for each health state of stroke sequelae were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study and used to derive YLD. YLL for each death was calculated using Scotland-specific life tables for deaths where stroke was the underlying cause.

Eight waves of the Scottish Health Survey (SHES) from 1995-2012 were linked to secondary care and mortality records. Risk factors were identified from SHES then mapped to levels in the Dahlgren and Whitehead model and Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) were calculated for each risk factor that was a significant casual risk of stroke from a Cox-proportional hazard regression model.

ResultsStroke was responsible for 47,836 DALY in Scotland during 2013 which was a reduction of 33.3% from 2000. The proportion of YLD contributing to DALY was 7.6% in 2000 rising to 14.4% in 2013. The main reasons for the changing profile of DALY are due to the large reduction in mortality and influence of the rising prevalence of chronic stroke. Stroke mortality reduced 34.3% during the period 2000-2013 from 7,013 deaths in 2000 to 4,610 in 2013, whilst chronic prevalence increased from 46,184 in 2000 to 59,367 in 2013.

Between 23.5 to 38.8% of excess first stroke incidence can be explained by education, social class and area deprivation, which were all significant predictors of stroke after adjusting for confounding. Altering the exposure distribution for each independent risk factor to its theoretical minimum risk exposure level could potentially reduce the DALY by between 9,615 to 15,882 in 2013.

ConclusionThis study highlights the benefit of using linked administrative health records to quantify the burden of stroke on the population and how public health interventions to tackle inequalities would be a method of reducing strokes in Scotland.
Assessing the impact of different grouping methods: time to rethink and regroup?
Authors: Randall Sean , Ferrante Anna , Brown Adrian , Boyd James , Semmens James
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesThe grouping of record-pairs to determine which administrative records belong to the same individual is an important process in record linkage. A variety of grouping methods are used but the relative benefits of each are unknown. We evaluate a number of grouping methods against the traditional merge based clustering approach using large scale administrative data.

ApproachThe research aimed to both describe current grouping techniques used for record linkage, and to evaluate the most appropriate grouping method for specific circumstances. A range of grouping strategies were applied to three datasets with known truth sets. Conditions were simulated to appropriately investigate one-to-one, many-to-one and ongoing linkage scenarios.

ResultsResults suggest alternate grouping methods will yield large benefits in linkage quality, especially when the quality of the underlying repository is high. Stepwise grouping methods were clearly superior for one-to-one linkage. There appeared little difference in linkage quality between many-to-one grouping approaches. The most appropriate techniques for ongoing linkage depended on the quality of the population spine and the underlying dataset.

ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the large effect that the choice of grouping strategy can have on overall linkage quality. Ongoing linkages to high quality population spines provide large improvements in linkage quality compared to merge based linkages. Procuring or developing such a population spine will provide high linkage quality at far lower cost than current methods for improving linkage quality. By improving linkage quality at low cost, this resource can be further utilised by health researchers.
Colonoscopy resource availability and colonoscopy utilization in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Webber Colleen , Flemming Jennifer , Birtwhistle Richard , Rosenberg Mark , Groome Patti
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveEvidence of long wait times for colonoscopy and regional variations in colonoscopy utilization have raised concerns that the availability of colonoscopy resources may be insufficient to meet current needs. This study described colonoscopy resource availability in Ontario, Canada, evaluated regional variations in colonoscopy resource availability and utilization, and examined the association between colonoscopy resource availability and colonoscopy utilization.

ApproachThis is a population-based cross-sectional study of colonoscopy resource availability in Ontario, Canada from 2007 to 2013 using linked administrative health databases from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES). We defined the catchment areas for colonoscopy resources using physician networks that were built upon existing patient flow patterns, with comparisons to observed colonoscopy patient travel patterns to ensure the networks reflected colonoscopy referral patterns in the province. Colonoscopy physicians were identified from physician billing data. Network-level colonoscopy availability was measured in terms of physician density, specialty, and quality, use of private colonoscopy clinics, and distance that patients travel for colonoscopy. Network-level age- and sex-standardized colonoscopy utilization rates were calculated for 2007 to 2013. Associations between colonoscopy resource availability and colonoscopy utilization were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation.

Results The availability of colonoscopy resources in Ontario increased between 2007 and 2013. Physician density increased from 8.7 full-time equivalent (FTE) physicians per 100,000 residents in 2007 to 9.4 FTE per 100,000 residents in 2013. The proportion of colonoscopy physicians who achieved the recommended colonoscopy completion and polypectomy rates increased from 60% to 77%, and 28% to 53%, respectively. Use of private colonoscopy clinics also increased. In 2007, 21% of colonoscopies were completed in private clinics, and by 2013, that proportion increased to 30%. Across Ontario, we observed strong geographic variation in these measures of colonoscopy resource availability as well as in the utilization of colonoscopy. Colonoscopy utilization was positively correlated with physician availability (r=0.48, p=0.001), physician quality (r=0.6, p<0.0001) and use of private clinics for colonoscopy (r=0.5, p=0.001).

ConclusionThe availability of colonoscopy resources improved in Ontario between 2007 and 2013. However, the geographic variation in resource availability and findings that higher colonoscopy resource availability is associated with higher colonoscopy utilization suggest that certain areas of the province may be under-resourced. These areas may be appropriate targets for efforts to improve colonoscopy capacity in Ontario.
Maternal weight gain between pregnancies and childhood body mass index - using sibling analysis to address confounding by shared lifestyle
Authors: Turner Steve , Aucott Lorna , Bhattacharya Sohinee , McNeill Geraldine
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveMaternal obesity during pregnancy is a risk factor for increased childhood body mass index (BMI) and the mechanism may be causal or confounded by lifestyle common to mother and child. We studied BMI in siblings and their mothers to test the hypothesis that siblings born after maternal weight gain will have increased BMI compared to older siblings. ApproachThis was a whole population data linkage study using data from North East Scotland, UK. Databases containing details from pregnant mothers and their five-year-old children born between 1997 and 2005 were linked using the community health index number. Childhood BMI and the difference between siblings BMI were related to maternal weight gain between pregnancies. Covariates included maternal obesity, smoking, socioeconomic status and the child’s birth weight.ResultsMaternal weight gain between pregnancies was determined for 5,863 mothers in whom 718 had >2 pregnancies. Childhood BMI z score was increased in association with maternal obesity (mean increase 0.47 [95% CI 0.39, 0.56]) and with ≥10% maternal weight gain between pregnancies (mean increase 0.14 [95% CI 0.06, 0.21]), independent of covariates. In contrast, increased BMI z score for younger siblings, compared to older siblings, was not associated with maternal obesity in the earlier pregnancy or maternal weight gain between pregnancies. BMI z score was higher in younger compared to older siblings in association with deprivation (mean difference between most and least affluent categories 0.29 [0.08, 0.37]), persistent or new onset maternal smoking (increased by mean of 0.10[0.00, 0.19] for always smokers and 0.20[0.03, 0.38] for those starting compared to never smoked) and increased birth weight (BMI z score increased by 0.11 for each increase in birth weight z score [0.07, 0.14]).ConclusionWhen within-family confounding is considered, poverty, persistent and new onset maternal smoking during pregnancy and increased birth weight, but not maternal obesity or weight gain, are independent predictors of increased BMI in young children.
Linking Hospital and Tax data to support research on the economic impacts of hospitalization
Authors: Sanmartin Claudia , Reicker Alexander , Garland Allan , Iwashyna Theodore , Fransoo Randy , Scales Damon , Wunsch Hannah , Forget Evelyn , Qiu Hanqing
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesThis project links data on acute inpatient hospitalizations from the Canadian Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) with data on income and employment from various taxation- and employment-based administrative files. The goal was to create a linked database that will support research on the labour market and financial outcomes experienced by individuals and families following acute illness requiring hospitalization.

ApproachData from the 1999/00 to 2014/15 Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) were linked to the 1981-2013/14 T1 Tax filer data and the Canadian Child Tax Benefit data. We sought to create a unique association between Health Insurance Numbers (HIN) available in the DAD and Social Insurance Numbers (SIN) available in the tax data by using variables common to both data sets – date of birth, postal code and sex. Both transactional data sets were “individualized” such that unique combinations of the linkage variables were identified and eligible for linkage. The linkage was conducted using deterministic methods.

ResultsApproximately 97% of combinations involving date of birth, postal code and sex in the hospitalization data were uniquely related to a single valid HIN (n=18.8 million). Similarly, approximately 96% of the keys on the Tax data file were associated with a unique person. Approximately 86% of HINs were associated with a unique identifier in the tax file and these HINs account for approximately 83% of the hospital records. The linkage was consistent over time, with linkage rates between 85% and 88% of HINs for all years. Some variation in linkage rates were observed by jurisdiction and by age. (Error estimates to be reported)

ConclusionThis project has created a unique linked database that will support research on the economic consequences of ‘health shocks’ for individuals and their families, and the implications for income, labour and health policies. This database represents a new and unique resource that will fill an important national data gap, and enable a wide range of relevant research.
Breaking the problem into pieces: pre-clustering on-the-fly with the NGLMS
Authors: Farrow James
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesThe SA.NT DataLink Next Generation Linkage Management System (NGLMS) stores linked data in the form of a graph (in the computer science sense) comprised of nodes (records) and edges (record relationships or similarities). This permits efficient pre-clustering techniques based on transitive closure to form groups of records which relate to the same individual (or other selection criteria).

ApproachOnly information known (or at least highly likely) to be relevant is extracted from the graph as superclusters. This operation is computationally inexpensive when the underlying information is stored as a graph and may be able to be done on-the-fly for typical clusters. More computationally intensive analysis and/or further clustering may then be performed on this smaller subgraph. Canopy clustering and using blocking used to reduce pairwise comparisons are expressions of the same type of approach.

ResultsSubclusters for manual review based on transitive closure are typically computationally inexpensive enough to extract from the NGLMS that they are extracted on-demand during manual clerical review activities. There is no necessity to pre-calculate these clusters. Once extracted further analysis is undertaken on these smaller data groupings for visualisation and presentation for review and quality analysis. More computationally expensive techniques can be used at this point to prepare data for visualisation or provide hints to manual reviewers.

 Extracting high-recall groups of data records for review but providing them to reviews grouped further into high precision groups as the result of a second pass has resulted in a reduction of the time taken for clerical reviewers at SANT DataLink to manual review a group by 30–40%. The reviewers are able to manipulate whole groups of related records at once rather than individual records.

ConclusionPre-clustering reduces the computational cost associated with higher order clustering and analysis algorithms. Algorithms which scale by n^2 (or more) are typical in comparison scenarios. By breaking the problem into pieces the computational cost can be reduced. Typically breaking a problem into many pieces reduces the cost in proportion to the number of pieces the problem can be broken into. This cost reduction can make techniques possible which would otherwise be computationally prohibitive.
Supplementing linked datasets with meaningful meta-data to enable high quality research
Authors: Padmanabhan Shivani , Smith Oliver , Strongman Helen
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesEnable high quality research using linked data sources whose membership and coverage change over time by providing clarity in applied processing steps and meaningful meta-data.

ApproachOur organisations have developed a process that enables linkage of primary care practice data to several disparate data sets. Identifiers are submitted to the trusted third party (TTP) organisation by consenting practices and external data controllers. These include patient NHS number, post code, date of birth and gender. The TTP remove duplicates and clean the data received, and use a sequential eight stage deterministic algorithm to match patients based on all or some of the identifiers. The TTP provide the research organisation with meta-data; a match rank variable per linked dataset to indicate at which stage in the matching algorithm the patient was matched, as well as flags to indicate whether the identifiers submitted by the practice were valid.

As part of the research organisation’s standard linked data provision, only patients that have a valid NHS number in the practice data, and therefore have the potential to be linked on NHS number are identified as eligible. A flag to indicate eligibility per individual linked data source is provided. Individual data source coverage periods allow users to define follow-up time for patients. Individuals that have contributed data to more than one practice are flagged. Records for patients that have not been matched on NHS number, or who have been linked to multiple individuals in the linked dataset are removed. This together with recommendations provided in the documentation simplifies decision making for applied research. Methodological research is supported through the option to access removed records.

ResultsIn the latest linkage set, identifiers for 10,272,602 patients from 404 English GP practices were collected by the TPP. Of these, 8,213,068 (80%) had a valid NHS flag. A total of 7,401,948 patients were found to have one or more records in Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data: 7,152,194 (97%) were matched on NHS number and 6,661,453 (93%) were identified as unique HES patients.

ConclusionTo maximise research benefit from linked data, study designs must account for linkage methodologies and potential errors. Data providers need to support informed decision making for applied research whilst enabling methodological research that explores linkage validity and related biases. The documentation and meta-data that we provide enables users to make informed decisions about their study based on its context and design.
Evaluating the impacts on health outcomes of Welsh Government funded schemes designed to improve the energy efficiency of the homes of low income households.
Authors: Morrison-Rees Sian , Lowe Sarah , Heaven Martin
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundLiving in a cold and/or damp house is known to increase the risk of morbidity, mortality and excess winter deaths. To reduce fuel poverty and its adverse health effects in Wales the Welsh Government developed programmes to improve the energy efficiency of homes. These included the Home Energy Efficiency Scheme (HEES) and subsequent Warm Homes NEST scheme. Both schemes supported those most likely to be affected by fuel poverty, including low income and vulnerable households from 2000 to 2015. The energy efficiency measures provided included insulation and heating upgrades, such as a more efficient boiler.

AimThe overall aim of the project is to evaluate the health impacts of Welsh Government funded schemes designed to improve the energy efficiency of the homes of low income households through the use of existing data (HEES and NEST linked to the routine health records held in the SAIL Databank at Swansea University).

MethodsA longitudinal dataset was created using the anonymised residential dwelling that has received home energy efficiency improvements linked to a summary of their health measures (hospital admissions, reason for the admission, GP prescriptions and clinical diagnoses).

Cohorts will be constructed of people who have already received the intervention to compare those who have not yet received the intervention but who went on to receive it two years later. We will use a stepped wedge design to construct an intervention and control cohort for each year of the study period. We will apply statistical techniques to conduct difference in difference (DID) estimations. This will allow us to compare any changes in the health of people before and after the intervention with any concurrent change in health in those who may require, but have yet to receive, the intervention.

ResultsWe anticipate concluding the analysis in June in order for the results to inform the redesign of the successor scheme to Warm Homes NEST, due to be consulted on during 2016 and in place from April 2017. Our results will compare specific interventions for their impacts on health. We will show whether particular population groups e.g. those suffering from particular health condition, gain particular benefit from interventions.

ConclusionOur findings have the potential to inform more effectively focussed home energy efficiency schemes in order to reduce the numbers of people living in fuel poverty and thus improve the health and wellbeing of people living in Wales.
The Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: The Benefits and Challenges of a Distributed Model for National Disease Surveillance
Authors: Lix Lisa , Reimer Kim
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesThe Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) established the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS) in 2009 to facilitate national estimates of chronic disease prevalence, incidence, and health outcomes. The CCDSS uses population-based linked health administrative databases from all provinces/territories (P/Ts) and a distributed analytic protocol to produce standardized disease estimates. Our purpose is to describe the process, benefits, and challenges of implementing a distributed model for disease surveillance across thirteen jurisdictions with unique healthcare databases.

ApproachThe CCDSS is founded on deterministic linkage of three administrative health databases in each Canadian P/T: health insurance registration files, physician billing claims, and hospital discharge abstracts. Disease case definitions are developed by expert Working Groups after literature reviews are completed and validation studies are undertaken. Feasibility studies are initiated in selected P/Ts to identify challenges when implementing the disease case definitions. Analytic code developed by PHAC is then distributed to all P/Ts. Data quality surveys are routinely conducted to identify database characteristics that may bias disease estimates over time or across P/Ts or affect implementation of the analytic code. The summary data produced in each P/T are approved by Scientific Committee and Technical Committee members and then submitted to PHAC for further analysis and reporting.

ResultsNational surveillance or feasibility studies are currently ongoing for diabetes, hypertension, selected mental illnesses, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disease, neurological conditions, musculoskeletal conditions, and stroke. The advantages of the distributed analytic protocol are: (a) changes in methodology can be easily made, and (b) technical expertise to implement the methodology is not required in each P/T. Challenges in the use of the distributed analytic protocol are: (a) heterogeneity in healthcare databases across P/Ts and over time, (b) the requirement that each P/T use the minimum set of data elements common to all jurisdictions when producing disease estimates, and (c) balancing disclosure guidelines to ensure data confidentiality with comprehensive reporting. Additional challenges, which include incomplete data capture for some databases and poor measurement validity of disease diagnosis codes for some chronic conditions, must be continually addressed to ensure the scientific rigor of the CCDSS methodology.

ConclusionsThe CCDSS distributed analytic protocol offers one model for national chronic disease surveillance that has been successfully implemented and sustained by PHAC and its P/T partners. Many lessons have been learned about national chronic disease surveillance involving jurisdictions that are heterogeneous with respect to healthcare databases, expertise, and population characteristics.
Maternal socioeconomic status and infant mortality with low birth weight as a mediator: an inter-country comparison between Scotland and Denmark using administrative data
Authors: Yu Yongfu , Verfuerden Maximiliane , Hardelid Pia , Zylbersztejn Ania , Liew Zeyan , Olsen Jørn , Gilbert Ruth , Li Jiong , Fu Bo
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesHigher rates of infant mortality in the UK than in the Nordic countries are partly explained by wider socio-economic disparities in the UK. We examined the extent to which low birth weight mediates the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and infant mortality using causal mediation analysis. We used cohorts of live births identified in administrative hospital data for the whole of Scotland and Denmark to explore the contribution of prenatal factors, represented by low birth weight, to differences in infant mortality between the two countries.

ApproachWe included live-born children born in Denmark (n=1,432,205) and Scotland (n=1,427,163) from 1981-2004. Follow up was to 12 months of age. Information on deaths in first year of life was obtained through linkage with cause of death registers. We determined the effect of socioeconomic status on all cause infant mortality by comparing the highest and lowest quintiles of area-based deprivation (based on Carstairs score in Scotland) or level of maternal education in Denmark. Causal mediation analysis was used for survival outcomes with adjustment for maternal age at birth, sex, birth year of the child, and records indicating congenital malformation.

ResultsDuring the follow-up, there were 8,158(0.57%) deaths in Denmark and 8,271(0.58%) deaths in Scotland. Comparing with the very high SES group, the overall hazard ratios of death for each SES quintile (starting with the lowest) compared with the highest SES quintile were 1.58(95% Confidence interval: 1.47-1.71), 1.40(1.32-1.49),1.25(1.20-1.30), 1.11(1.09-1.14) in Denmark, and 1.50(1.36-1.65),1.35(1.25-1.45),1.22(1.16-1.28),1.10(1.08-1.13) in Scotland. The proportions of excess infant deaths mediated through low birth weight (starting with the lowest) compared with the highest SES quintile were 54.7%, 52.1%, 49.5%, 46.9% in Denmark, and 26.0%, 23.9%, 22.0%, 20.1% in Scotland.

ConclusionOur result suggests that SES has similar effects on infant mortality in Denmark and Scotland but more of the effect of SES on infant mortality is mediated through low birth weight in Denmark. Public health preventive strategies for infant mortality in both countries need to address prenatal risk factors for low birth weight. The substantial direct effects of SES on infant mortality seen in Scotland, which were not mediated through low birth weight, may be explained by other birth characteristics or could reflect persisting SES disparities in the care of infants after birth.
Record Linkage Methodology for the Social Data Linkage Environment at Statistics Canada
Authors: Babyak Colin , Saidi Abdelnasser
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objectives of this talk are to introduce Statistics Canada’s Social Data Linkage Environment (SDLE) and to explain the methodology behind the creation of the central depository and how both deterministic and probabilistic record linkage techniques are used to maintain and expand the environment.ApproachWe will start with a brief overview of the SDLE and then continue with a discussion of how both deterministic linkages and probabilistic linkages (using Statistic Canada’s generalized record linkage software, G-Link) have been combined to create and maintain a very large central depository, which can in turn be linked to virtually any social data source for the ultimate end goal of analysis.ResultsAlthough Canada has a population of about 36 million people, the central depository contains some 300 million records to represent them, due to multiple addresses, names, etc. Although this allows for a significant reduction in missing links, it raises the spectre of additional false positive matches and has added computational complexity which we have had to overcome.ConclusionThe combination of deterministic and probabilistic record linkage strategies has been effective in creating the central depository for the SDLE. As more and more data are linked to the environment and we continue to refine our methodology, we can now move on to the ultimate goal of the SDLE, which is to analyze this vast wealth of linked data.
Using linked records to improve National estimates of hospital admissions for coronary heart disease (CHD)
Authors: Lopez Derrick , Nedkoff Lee , Hobbs Michael , Briffa Tom , Preen David , Heyworth Jane , Sanfilippo Frank
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesNational statistics for hospital admissions for acute CHD based on unlinked administrative data are inflated because of inter/intra-hospital transfers or related readmissions for further investigations or procedures. Our objective was to estimate the inflation of CHD inpatient counts using multiple approaches based initially on Western Australian data that can be applied to future National studies.

ApproachWe used a linked hospital morbidity dataset from the Western Australian Data Linkage System to determine hospitalisations for each CHD subcategory from 1990-2010. Transfers were defined as contiguous admissions separated by ≤1 day. Episodes-of-care (EOC) were defined as admissions (with/without transfers) that were within 28 days of the initial CHD admission. As the principal diagnosis may vary between hospitals involved in transfers or admissions within an EOC, we explored four approaches for allocating a diagnosis:i. Hierarchical diagnosis: selection of diagnosis based on clinical severity (ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)>non-STEMI>unstable angina>stable angina>other CHD>chest pain); ii. Hospital hierarchy: diagnosis based on highest hospital level (tertiary>private>other metropolitan non-tertiary>rural);iii/iv. Temporal order of diagnosis: diagnosis based on first or last record in transfer/EOC.

ResultsThe proportion of cases that were transferred varied according to disease severity and time: 13% (1990) to 27% (2010) for STEMI; 5% to 7% for stable angina and unchanged at 4% for chest pain. Compared to transfer-level data using the first approach, unlinked data overestimated STEMI counts by 3% (1990) to 11% (2010), stable angina by 3% to 5% and chest pain by 6% to 6%. Similarly for EOC-level data, the overestimates were 5% (1990) to 12% (2010) for STEMI, 13% to 19% for stable angina and 20% to 14% for chest pain. The four approaches for allocating a diagnosis produced differing counts with the difference being larger for more clinically severe diagnoses than for less clinically severe diagnoses. For example, using transfer-level data, the differences between approaches i and iv in 2010 were 12%, 2% and 1% for STEMI, stable angina and chest pain respectively.

ConclusionThere is a potential to overestimate counts of CHD in inpatient data if transfers and readmissions are not taken into account, and this inaccuracy can differ across disease subcategories and approach used. This has important implications where higher disease severity, such as myocardial infarction, is an indicator of population health. Transfer- or EOC-level data are more likely to reflect true CHD hospitalisation counts than unlinked-level data, and are more appropriate for epidemiological studies of CHD rates.
The impact of social care expenditure at the end of life: a novel linkage study in Scotland
Authors: Geue Claudia , Wu Olivia , Quinn Terry J , Leyland Alastair , Lewsey Jim
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnalyses of inpatient care admissions have shown that population ageing does not lead to an increase in future healthcare expenditure to the extent that might be expected and that remaining time to death (TTD) is an equally important cost element. But as people live longer and the onset of disease and death are postponed to older ages the utilisation of social care services is another major cost component for elderly people, in particular those with chronic diseases. However, there is a distinct lack of social care data in Scotland to estimate the impact of population ageing and TTD on social care expenditure.

ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the utilisation and associated costs of inpatient and home care services among end-of-life patients. It will also determine the feasibility of undertaking the linkage of home care service utilisation data, inpatient care episodes and death records.

MethodsNHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHSGGC) social home care data (Cordia), Scottish Morbidity Records (SMR01) and death records (National Records for Scotland, NRS) will be utilised in order to estimate utilisation and costs for home care services and inpatient care at the end of life. The ‘Cordia’ data is available for the period September 2013 to November 2013 and includes information on the type, duration and frequency of home care services utilised. Costs will be assigned using ‘Personal Social Services Research Unit’ (PSSRU) costs. Using multilevel modelling techniques the association between TTD, age, demographic and socio-economic measures and expenditure on home care services will be estimated, while allowing the effect of covariates to vary over hierarchical levels, such as episode of care and the patient.

Expected OutcomesThe wider literature suggests that contrary to inpatient care, costs at the end of life for the oldest old might be higher when considering elements of social care provision. The ‘Cordia’ data consists of 7,367 individuals with 1,620 observed deaths. Further results are forthcoming and findings will significantly add to the knowledge base in the area of population ageing and related health- and social care expenditure. This is a novel linkage and given the difficulties in obtaining social care data, this study will i) help to evaluate the feasibility of using these data for research, and ii) identify where costs at the end of life occur, thus facilitating more targeted approaches to end-of-life care.
Investigación preliminar de la influencia del tratamiento térmico y tiempo de almacenamiento sobre el aroma de habas (Vicia faba)
Authors: Ramos-Díaz José , Suvanto Sonja , Forsten Elina , Seppa Laila
Published: April 2017

Haba (Vicia faba) es una leguminosa disponible en Finlandia que se utiliza en la alimentación humana y animal debido a su alto contenido de proteína y fibra. A diferencia de otras legumbres, poco se sabe acerca de las sustancias volátiles que se producen durante el almacenamiento y los descriptores de aroma asociados a las mismas. durante el almacenamiento y los descriptores de aroma asociados a las mismas. Las suspensiones fueron elaboradas en base a harina de habas. Muestras fueron sometidas a tratamiento térmico (T) y mantenidas sin tratamiento térmico (ST). Estas fueron almacenadas a 4 ° C durante 0, 7 y 14 días. Los panelistas que participaron en el estudio sensorial fueron ocho mujeres (n = 8) entre 25 y 55 años de edad. Las sesiones de entrenamiento alentaron a la obtención de los descriptores aromáticos vinculados al haba: ‘guisantes frescos’, ‘rancio’, ‘amargo’, ‘herboso’, ‘levadura’ y la intensidad total. El análisis sensorial se llevó a cabo por duplicado con una recesión de 30 minutos en el medio. También se analizaron las suspensiones de habas (T y ST) para compuestos volátiles utilizando SPME-GC-MS. Los resultados indicaron que la intensidad total, levadura, amargo y rancio aumentó durante almacenamiento prolongado, independientemente del tratamiento térmico. En contraste, el aroma a guisante fresco y herboso parecían alcanzar un pico en el almacenamiento 7mo día. Los resultados estadísticos sugirieron que el tratamiento térmico tuvo un efecto mucho menor en el desarrollo del aroma que el tiempo de almacenamiento. El análisis de compuestos volátiles mostró que 2-butanona-3-hidroxi y 3-metil-1-butanol tenían las áreas de los picos más prominentes al 7mo y 14vo día de almacenamiento (especialmente para ST). Muestras T y ST se asociaron a casi los mismos compuestos volátiles hasta el 7mo día, y después se vincularon a distintos compuestos al final del almacenamiento. Se cree que los aromas a guisante fresco y herboso están fuertemente asociados a cetonas presentes en muestras T, y muestras ST al 7mo día de almacenamiento, mientras que rancio, amargo y levadura están más asociados a los alcoholes y cetonas presentes en las muestras ST al 14vo día de almacenamiento.Palabras clave: habas, aroma, compuestos volátiles, almacenamiento, cromatografía de gases
Revalorando el derecho laboral
Authors: Saavedra Fiorini Renzo
Published: April 2017

El Derecho del Trabajo es sin duda una de las ramas del Derecho que ha generado mayor debate en el tiempo, esto debido, principalmente, a que se haya en constante cambio y adaptación a los fenómenos sociales y económicos imperantes. En efecto, en un primer momento existió una desprotección total del trabajador pasando de la esclavitud a una situación de semiesclavitud con jornadas de trabajo abusivas a cambio de un salario injusto. En este contexto se dan las primeras luchas de la clase trabajadora por alcanzar derechos mínimos que le permitan llevar una vida más decorosa. En el presente artículo se busca identificar los inicios y los rasgos que definen el Derecho de Trabajo y su evolución en la doctrina, para entender su enfoque tuitivo (protector) y su plena vigencia en la actualidad.
O Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica para o Ensino Médio (PIBIC-EM): a política pública, a ciência e a cidadania
Authors: Silva Larissa Reducino , Assis Ana Elisa Spaolonzi Queiroz
Published: April 2017

Por meio do presente artigo, socializamos resultado de pesquisa cujo objetivo foi o de analisar a organização do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica para o Ensino Médio (PIBIC-EM) na Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) e a sua contribuição para a formação crítica dos estudantes do nível médio das escolas públicas no que diz respeito à ciência e a cidadania. A pesquisa, de caráter exploratório, foi realizada por meio de análise bibliográfica e documental – valendo-se dos materiais produzidos nos projetos desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Políticas Públicas e Planejamento Educacional (LaPPlanE) – discutindo o programa e a sua contribuição para a efetivação de um diálogo entre a Educação Básica e o Ensino Superior. O texto introduz o contexto nacional e local do Programa, para então apresentar os conceitos de ciência e de cidadania assumidos na pesquisa, bem como as atividades desenvolvidas nos projetos, e a partir daí estabelece uma relação dialógica entre essas atividades e a abordagem teórica, finalizando com algumas considerações vinculadas aos resultados da pesquisa, dos quais podemos destacar mudança significativa na forma como os alunos bolsistas entendem a ciência e se reconhecem como sujeitos de direito. Palavras-chave: Iniciação Científica. Ensino Médio. Cidadania.
Planos Municipais de Educação - perfil dos Municípios que não possuíam Plano Municipal de Educação no segundo ano de vigência da Lei N. 13.005/14
Authors: Nascimento Gilvânia Da Conceição , Grossi Junior Geraldo , Pereira Jhonata Moreira
Published: April 2017

Em 2009 a elaboração do PNE passou a ser uma exigência constitucional. Com as deliberações da Conferência Nacional de Educação/2010, o Governo apresentou o PL 8025/2010. Depois de tramitar por aproximadamente quatro anos no Congresso Nacional foi sanciona a Lei N. 13.005/2014.  Em seu artigo oitavo determina que todos os entes federativos deveriam instituir seus planos de educação no prazo de um ano após a publicação do PNE. Houve um esforço do Ministério da Educação juntamente com a Undime e o Consed, criando a Rede de Assistência Técnica para Elaboração ou Adequação dos Planos de Educação, visando assessorar os estados, o Distrito Federal e os municípios para cumprirem esta determinação legal. A fim de prestar o melhor suporte aos entes federativos, três meios de orientação foram constituídos: organização em rede, documentos orientadores e portal eletrônico de acesso à informação. Esta pesquisa, teve como recorte somente os 49 municípios que não cumpriram a determinação legal e buscou estabelecer um perfil destes, a partir de características comuns, visando identificar os motivos que levaram ao descumprimento do preceito legal. Para esta análise, foram estabelecidas as seguintes variáveis: população; IDHM; partido político da administração municipal; e, visão dos coordenadores estaduais da rede de Assistência Técnica da SASE/MEC. Os dados analisados nos permitiram identificar que embora não exista um perfil comum para estes municípios, existem pontos de convergência que ajudam a compreender as dificuldades dos municípios para o planejamento municipal de longo prazo. Palavras-chave: Planos de Educação. Regime de Colaboração. Perfil de Municípios.
Narrativas da tradição oral kujubiniana: memória, identidade e cultura
Authors: Vegini Valdir , Vegini Rebecca Louize
Published: April 2017

O artigo tem como objeto o acervo parcial de narrativas ancestrais do povo Kujubim e por objetivo divulgar, ainda que parcialmente, as tradições (costumes, crenças etc.) remanescentes na memória de alguns informantes na esperança de que essas tradições sejam revivificadas e perpetuadas. Para fundamentar o trabalho, os autores apoiam-se, principalmente, nos estudos que tratam da memória (individual, coletiva e histórica) e sua propriedade formadora de identidade (individual e coletiva), da tradição oral e da produção de narrativas. E após uma breve caracterização étnica do povo Kujubim, os autores apresentam a transcrição de nove relatos (com adaptação próxima ao português-brasileiro padrão escrito) produzidos por esses informantes durante a realização da Assembleia do Povo Kujubim ocorrida no salão paroquial da Igreja Católica de Costa Marques em dezembro de 2013. O acervo cultural é constituído das seguintes narrativas: "Reencontrando o caminho de casa", "A caça, o beiju e o fogo na aldeia", "A rotina na aldeia", "Pintura no corpo: guerra e festa", "O pai da mata", "A mãe d'água", "A cidade debaixo do rio Guaporé", "Três caçadores e os mistérios da mata", "O Mapinguari".               Palavras-chave: Povo Kujubim. Memória. Tradição Oral.
Maximal reactive power compensation using loaded synchronous motors
Authors: Ioan Dragoş DEACONU  , Aurel Ionuţ CHIRILĂ  , Constantin GHIŢĂ  , Valentin NĂVRĂPESCU
Published: April 2017

The paper presents an intelligent system that aims to maximum possible compensate the level of the reactive power within a given power grid, usually present at factory sites or large electric vehicles such as ships. The novelty consists in the compensation method, which is performed using the already existing synchronous machines operating as motors below rated load. It is presented the control algorithm of the motor in order to achieve the maximum reactive power compensation and an example of an automated system implementation is provided.
Modelling and Parameterization of Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiters
Authors: A. Etxegarai  , A. Iturregi  , M. Larruskain  , I. Zamora  , P. Eguia
Published: April 2017

The present paper introduces the theoretical modelling of resistive-type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCL), which are the most common type in latest AC installations. SFCLs provide one of the most promising solutions for limiting fault currents in power grids by using superconducting materials. The study considers two approaches: the simplified exponential model and the thermo-electric model, based on The parameterization of both model types is introduced hereby, and in order to verify the influence of design parameters, both model types are implemented and simulated with MATLAB Simulink. The paper presents modelling issues and simulation results.
„Kormányablakok a kirakatban” Az integrált ügyintézési pontok hazai fejlődésének legfontosabb állomásai
Authors: Jakab Viktória
Published: April 2017

The ever-increasing pace of development, experienced in all aspects of life, has become a major factor of our times. Public administration is no exception to this tendency. I have chosen the government windows (and other miscellaneous administrative bodies operating alongside them) established in the past five years as the topic of my study exactly because of this – their development is expected to remain unbroken in the future as well. During my research, I paid special attention to past and current legal changes, aiming to provide a comprehensive view on the establishment, operation, and evolution of the integrated administration points in Hungary. My study also covers the current state and the expected developments of domestic e-Administration solutions. Finally, I also offer some conclusions and recommendations regarding the large-scale deployment of the planned single-window administrative system.