bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Механізми та інструменти розвитку привабливостей об’єднаних територіальних громад (на прикладі ОТГ Буковини)
Authors: Буднікевич І.М. , Гавриш І.І.
Published: February 2021

У статті розглянуто механізми та визначені інструменти розвитку об’єднаних територіальних громад, які орієнтуються на формування та розвиток їх привабливості для проживання, роботи, навчання, ведення бізнесу, інвестування, відвідування. Визначено суть інвестиційної, ділової, поселенської, міграційної, туристичної, стейкхолдерської привабливості ОТГ. Обґрунтовано розвиток туристичної привабливості об’єднаних територіальних громад на основі використання механізмів багаторівневої моделі образів. На прикладі об’єднаних територіальних громад Буковини розглянуто формування туристичної привабливості на основі образів за різними моделями. У результаті вивчення зарубіжної та вітчизняної практики авторами сформовано перелік механізмів, технологій та інструментів формування/розвитку туристичної привабливості об’єднаних територіальних громад.
Проблеми розвитку підприємництва в Україні на шляху до економічної сталості
Authors: Зеленська-Печена В.В.
Published: February 2021

У статті досліджено історично зумовлені чинники несприятливого бізнес-середовища в Україні, вплив світових та національних кризових хвиль на рівень економічної сталості держави, визначено наступні чинники, що виконують стабілізуючу роль, попереджаючи розквіт економічного стану, за методом стратегічного планування матриці SWOT-аналізу розібрано визначені чинники за категоріями впливу на квадранти, визначено рівень впливу для кожного чиннику за причинно-наслідковим зв’язком, створено матрицю рекомендацій для забезпечення мінімізації критичної складової актуального стану бізнес-середовища з подальшим її ретельним роз’ясненням.
Аналіз формування корпоративної бази інновацій на промисловому підприємстві
Authors: Клюс Ю.I. , Никитюк О.В.
Published: February 2021

У статтi запропоновано структуру і спосіб формування корпоративної бази інновацій, що складається з двох модулів (індивідуальної та групової баз інновацій), основу якої складає безліч професійних завдань і, відповідних кожної професійної задачі, сукупності індивідуальних і групових інновацій або знань про них. Кожне завдання відповідає певної мети управління інноваціями. Розраховано економічний ефект від впровадження інтеграційного підходу до управління інноваційною діяльністю на промислових підприємствах. Запропоновано складові корпоративної база інновацій, що містять два модулі:індивідуальну базу інновацій (ІБІ) і групову базу інновацій (ГБІ).
Проблематика ототожнення інтелектуальної та розумової праці
Authors: Крамчанінова М.Д. , Касаткіна М.В. , Лєдовська A.I.
Published: February 2021

У статті розглянута змістовна сутність розумової та інтелектуальної праці. На основі науково-інформативної бази авторами зроблена спроба критичного аналізу різних підходів до розуміння феномену інтелектуальної праці, а також узагальнення ряду її специфічних характеристик і критеріїв.Інтелектуальну працю розглянуто як якісно новий вид трудової діяльності, що має у своїй основі творчу працю та новації як результат.В ході дослідження авторами визначено фактори, що впливають  на психофізіологічні показники індивідуумав процесі здійснення їм інтелектуальної діяльності. Також наведено класифікацію складових інтелектуальної праці на основі обліку видів інтелектуальної діяльності. Результати дослідження актуальної проблеми ототожнення інтелектуальної праці з розумовою, дозволили обґрунтувати необхідність її відокремлення. Що обумовлено значною сутнісною відмінністю інтелектуальної праці та її  специфікою, яка вимагає зміни існуючих підходів до нормування та пошуку нових, більш нетрадиційних способів вимірювання продуктивності творчої діяльності.
Стратегії міжнародного маркетингу транснаціональних корпорацій в умовах глобалізації
Authors: Птащенко О.В. , Кущ Я.М.
Published: February 2021

У статті розглянуто основні маркетингові стратегії транснаціональних корпорацій в умовах глобалізації, а також їх вплив на міжнародну торгівлю та концепцію міжнародного маркетингу.

Сучасний процес глобалізації світової економіки в цілому вимагає постійного розвитку та вдосконалення бізнес-стратегій.

Головною метою транснаціональної корпорації на міжнародному ринку виступає пошук та максимальне збільшення прибутку, який корпорація отримує від своєї діяльності на національний ринках.

Досить зрозумілим є той факт, що специфіку маркетингу транснаціональної корпорації можна пояснити специфікою діяльності ТНК. Особливості маркетингу транснаціональної корпорації полягають у необхідності централізувати маркетингову діяльність на різних локальних та національних ринках, а також координувати цю діяльність по всьому світу. Це пояснює важливість розробки маркетингової стратегії для транснаціональних корпорацій.
Mobilization efficiency is critically regulated by fat via marrow PPARδ
Authors: Suzuki Tomohide , Ishii Shinichi , Shinohara Masakazu , Kawano Yuko , Wakahashi Kanako , Kawano Hiroki , Sada Akiko , Minagawa Kentaro , Hamada Michito , Takahashi Satoru , Furuyashiki Tomoyuki , Tan Nguan Soon , Matsui Toshimitsu , Katayama Yoshio
Published: February 2021

The mobilization efficiency of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow (BM) to circulation by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is dramatically dispersed in humans and mice with no mechanistic lead for poor mobilizers. The regulatory mechanism for mobilization efficiency by dietary fat was assessed in mice. Fat-free diet (FFD) for 2 weeks greatly increased mobilization compared to normal diet (ND). The BM mRNA level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ), a receptor for lipid mediators, was markedly up-regulated by G-CSF in mice fed with ND and displayed strong positive correlation with widely scattered mobilization efficiency. It was hypothesized that BM fat ligand for PPARδ might inhibit mobilization. The PPARδ agonist inhibited mobilization in mice fed with ND and enhanced mobilization by FFD. Treatment with the PPARδ antagonist and chimeric mice with PPARδ+/- BM showed enhanced mobilization. Immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry revealed that BM PPARδ expression was enhanced by G-CSF mainly in mature/immature neutrophils. BM lipid mediator analysis revealed that G-CSF treatment and FFD resulted in the exhaustion of ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). EPA induced the up-regulation of genes downstream of PPARδ, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α and angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4), in mature/immature neutrophils in vitro and inhibited enhanced mobilization in mice fed with FFD in vivo. Treatment of wild-type mice with the anti-Angptl4 antibody enhanced mobilization together with BM vascular permeability. Collectively, PPARδ signaling in BM mature/immature neutrophils induced by dietary fatty acids negatively regulates mobilization, at least partially, via Angptl4 production.
Understanding how retinoic acid derivatives induce differentiation in non- M3 acute myelogeneous leukemia
Authors: Carroll Martin
Published: February 2021

Not available.
The mathematical model for forecasting the accumulation of heavy metals in pig production
Authors: Chala О. , Chaly О. , Nagorny S.
Published: February 2021

The results of research represent the impact of extensive doses of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium in store pigs bodies. Heavy metals were fed jointly and individually in the doses exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations in the fodder by 10 and 20 times. Therefore, the process of intoxication of the biological object (a swine) by heavy metals is modeled in a way similar to that, which might occur as the result of environmental pollution. The study was performed in order to determine the targets and the extent of the impact of heavy metals exerted upon the body weight, weight of inner parts of the animal body, and the incorporation rate of heavy metals in the swine breeding products. Statistical processing of the obtained data allowed developing mathematical models and determining the correlational relationships between the aspects under investigation. It is determined that heavy metals exert an essential negative impact upon the rate of animal growth and the power of influence increases with the dose. It is also confirmed by a high value of correlational relationship between these parameters (the correlation coefficient (r) is 0.854). Thus, the body weight of swine during the latter of I-II stagesdecreased by 5.5 to 14.8% as it was compared to the control under the influence of hemotoxic substances. The extent of the impact was also dependent upon the toxin itself. Thus, the largest negative effect was observed both under the impact of cadmium only and of cadmium and lead taken together. The highest accumulation of heavy metals was observed in the liver and kidneys, whereas the lowest – in the muscles. The built regression equations showed that increasing of the dose of the relevant element in the fodder exerted the main impact on concentration of cadmium and lead in the body and meat. The content of cadmium in the fodder exerted an impact upon concentration of lead in the meat – with the increase of cadmium concentration the content of lead in the meat decreased. The results of the studies provide an overview of the targets and the extent of the impact exerted by heavy metals upon biological objects. The mathematical models may be used for prediction of the impact and the incorporation rate value of the hemotoxic substances in the swine breeding products. Key words: lead, cadmium, swine breeding products, ecocide environmental impact, migration of xenobiotic, mathematical model.
Effects of ambient temperature on body size and organ development in broilers
Authors: Yingying Qiao , Kyselov Oleksandr , Changzhong Liu
Published: February 2021

The current study investigated the effect of poultry house temperature change on the growth and development of both broiler chickens themselves and the development of their individual organs. Following 42 days of rearing, results showed that the body oblique length, chest width, chest depth, chest angle, keel length, pelvic width, and tibial length of broilers in the low temperature group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), while the breast depth of broiler chickens in the high-temperature group was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, low temperatures significantly increased the function of the heart, liver, spleen and pancreas of broiler chickens (P<0.05). After 7 days of rearing, the bursal index of broilers in the high temperature group was significantly higher than in the control group as well as in the low temperature group (P<0.05). Previous research has established that high and low temperatures significantly affect the growth and development as well as the immunity of broiler chickens, namely that low environmental temperatures have a more adverse effect on broiler chickens than high temperatures. Consequently, using and maintaining high temperatures early in rearing helps to improve the immunity of broilers and improve their performance. The results of our study provides an opportunity to provide both a theoretical and a practical basis for accurate temperature setting in poultry houses for effective breeding of broiler chickens, which will make it possible to increase the productivity of broiler chickens and increase the economic efficiency of the poultry house. Key words: temperature, breeding, body weight, organ development, broilers chickens.
The Biological methods of selenium nanoparticles synthesis, their characteristics and properties
Authors: Tsehmistrenko O.
Published: February 2021

Nanotechnologies have an impact on every sphere of life, change approaches to environmental recovery, introduce new methods of disease analysis and prevention, treatment, drug delivery and gene therapy, affect the provision of environmentally friendly alternative energy sources, increase crop yields, animal and poultry productivity. Physical, chemical, biological methods of synthesis of nanoparticles, selenium in particular, their properties and the factors participating in reduction of metal ions to nanoparticles are considered. Limitations of nanoparticle synthesis inherent in the biological method (identification and isolation of bioactive fragment responsible for biomineralization of metal ions, analysis of ways to develop individual nanoparticles) and factors contributing to the intensification of nanoparticle production (optimization of pH, temperature, contact time, mixing degree) changes in the total charge of functional organic molecules on the cell wall). It has been proved that these factors affect the size, morphology, composition of nanoparticles and their efficiency during the synthesis. The model of green synthesis with the use of physicochemical means and their biomedical applications have been summarized. There are organisms used for the synthesis of NPs - terrestrial and marine bacteria, bacterial extracellular polymeric substances as bioreductants, fungi, yeast, algae, viruses, microorganisms. It has been demonstrated the biochemical ways of microorganisms in order to fight the toxicity of metals during the synthesis of nanoproducts and the factors that determine the toxicity of metals that are converted into nanoparticles (size, shape, coating agent, nanoparticle density and type of pathogen). The biological role of selenium and features of its influence on an organism in a nanoscale scale are shown. Key words: nanotechnologies, nanoselenium, bacteria, green synthesis, enzymes.
The Productivity of bee colonies on different temperature parameters and duration of the winter rape flowering period
Authors: Razanov S. , Nedashkіvsky V. , Verhelis V.
Published: February 2021

The production of honey and pollen by bee colonies at different temperatures and durations of winter rape flowering periods in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe has been studied. The influence of ambient temperature and duration of winter rape flowering period on the production of commercial honey and bee pollen was established. The need of bee colonies for food and the level of nectarproductive plants in the radius of their achievement by bees contributes to the demographic movement of these insects on the planet. Due to the healing and highly nutritious properties of bees processing nectar and pollen, honey, perga, royal jelly and other beekeeping products are widely and constantly used, which require a stronger honey base and increase its productivity. Therefore, nectar and pollen of plants are an important component in the existence of the honey bee and its evolutionary development. Over the last century, one of the most important environmental problems on the planet has been global warming, which has resulted in climate change. Agriculture, in particular crop production, was the most vulnerable to climate change. A slight decrease in the supply of nectar and pollen of plants in nature significantly affects the existence of the honey bee. First of all, their development and productivity are reduced, there is an increase in the level of the disease and a decrease in the efficiency of the industry as a whole. There are known facts of bee colonies taking off and moving from lowyielding nectar-pollinating lands to more productive ones. With a decrease in air temperature compared to the optimal +22 ° C during the flowering of winter rape, regardless of the length of its stay in this phase, there was a decrease in honey production from 23.8% to 76.2% and bee pollen from 33.3% to 55.5% . Key words: bee colonies, winter rape, honey, bee pollen, temperature flowering.
Evaluation of Major Land Uses in Tertiary Institution: A Case Study of Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Makinde Olusola Oladapo , Muhammad Ridwan  , M. Yoserizal Saragih
Published: February 2021

Land uses involve important economic and environmental implications for policy issues. To monitor the trend in land use in tertiary institution, statistics on land use overtime must be developed. The study investigated the various uses of land in Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU); determine their size base on an area of land covered, and determine the major land uses in OAU to inform planners on the basic tool for institutional physical development and insight for enhancing planning. The Google earth pro and OAU base map were subsequently used to enhance visual interpretation and aid the identification and mapping of the various land use in the study area. Findings from the study show that the total landed area is 5,609 hectares. The undeveloped area constitutes more than half of the total landed area with 3382 hectares (60 %). A total of 1,216 hectares of land was set aside for agriculture purposes and research, the major land uses is residential with 456.74 hectares (45.18%); institutional uses had 257.02 hectares (25.42%); other uses had 115.97 hectares (11.47%); water bodies had 83.5 hectares (8.26%); transportation had 56.33 hectares (5.57%); commercial had 38.36 hectares (3.79%); and Recreation had 3.08 hectares (0.31 %), the least proportion of land use. The study concluded that land use should be monitored, regulated, and controlled by the various relevant planning and monitoring agencies of the university.
COVID 19 and Increased Security Challenges in Northern Nigeria: Interrogating Armed Banditry in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Attah Noah Echa , Usman Sambo  , Babayo Sule  , Muhammad A. Bello  , M. Yoserizal Saragih
Published: February 2021

The COVID 19 pandemic has become a global health issue that now intersects with security issues, especially in African countries. The outbreak of the virus in Africa has halted political, economic and social activities, including countering armed violence. Nigeria is one of the African countries that is faced with security challenges, ranging from Boko Haram insurgency, rural banditry, farmers-herders clash, kidnapping, robbery to piracy among others. However, much attention has concentrated on mitigating the spread of COVID 19 pandemic and the provisions of palliatives to cushion the effects of the abrupt stoppage of formal and informal economic activities. This study examines the intersections between the pandemic and armed banditry in Northwestern. It appears that armed bandits have intensified attacks on communities, against the background of government’s anti-COVID policy. Government has equally re-strategized in responding to the bandits’ attacks. The study gathered data from documented sources and media reports and were analyzed, using content analysis. The study observed that the armed bandits used the COVID 19 lock down policy to increase attacks on some communities, thereby providing a complex dimension to rural banditry in Northwestern Nigeria. This led to increased air and land offensive by the Nigerian military against the bandits. This study recommends among others that government should increase surveillance and adopt strict measures on movements to curtail the activities of the bandits.
Pengaruh Harga dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian CV Obor Pematangsiantar
Authors: Enre Ambo Enre , Hutagalung Debora , Simbolon Henri Abdiel , Ong Marcella Theresia
Published: February 2021

The development of the business world that is rapidly improving resulted in increasingly fierce competition so that various ways are done by business people to maintain and develop competitive advantage against their competitors. One of the business that also got affected by the intense competition at the moment is the building materials business in CV. Obor Pematangsiantar. Fierce competition requires the owner or manager of the CV. Obor Pematangsiantar to create a strategy that is able to compete and has an advantage so that customers decide to buy CV. Obor Pematangsiantar’s product. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of price and quality of service on purchasing decisions on the CV. Obor Pematangsiantar both partially and simultaneously. The results showed that: (1) price has a positive effect on purchasing decisions, this is evidenced by the value of tcount> ttable (11,669> 2,026) with a significance value of 0,000 (sig ? 0.05), (2) quality of service has a positive effect on decisions purchases with tcount > ttable (21,414> 2,026) with a significance value of 0,000 (sig ? 0.05), (3) price and service quality have a positive effect on purchasing decisions, this is evidenced by the value of Fcount> Ftable (441,681> 3, 25) with a significance value of 0,000 (sig ? 0.05).
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Disiplin Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Bagian Administrasi Pemerintahan Umum Sekretariat Daerah Pematangsiantar
Authors: Parapat Eka Pratiwi Septania , Sinaga Wiranto , Ida Eve
Published: February 2021

An employee who has a good and high performance can support the achievement of organizational goals. Human resource issues become the spotlight and foundation of the organization. The formulation of the problem in this study is the work environment and discipline of cooperation on the performance of employees in the General Government Administration of the Pematangsiantar City Secretariat. This study aims to determine the effect of work environment and work discipline on employee performance in the General Government Administration of Pematangsiantar City Secretariat. The research design used by the author is field research, where the research is carried out in the General Government Administration of the Pematangsiantar City Secretariat, the population is the employees of the Pematangsiantar City Secretariat General Government Administration. The sampling technique used a saturated sample using the entire population as a research sample, amounting to 37 employees. The data analysis technique uses multiple regression, hypothesis testing, coefficient of determination. The results showed that the work environment and work discipline have a positive effect on the performance of employees in the General Government Administration of the Pematangsiantar City Secretariat
Pemanfaatan Teknologi untuk Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Riyandi Albert , Aulianita Rizki , Wiyatno Agus , Triantori Vito , Musyaffa Numan
Published: February 2021

The use of technology as a learning medium during the Covid-19 pandemic is an alternative solution to be able to continue to carry out long-distance learning activities. Existing technologies such as Google Meet, Google Classroom and Google Drive strongly support students and teachers and other academics in teaching and learning activities. The use of the facilities provided by Google can be useful for academics. Teaching and learning activities synchronously (synchronous) using video conferencing is an effective way. Not only that, asynchronous learning media using existing Google Classroom facilities such as discussion and chat features are one of the media to support distance learning to keep it running smoothly. The activity was carried out at Majlis Ta'lim Hidayatul Mubtadiin, which consisted of teenagers aged 12-17 years. Based on the questionnaires distributed during the activity, that as many as 96% were able to absorb the material with this distance learning media. So that learning can still be carried out effectively and conducively in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Profile Evaluation of Medication, Cost Comparison, and Clinical Outcome of Human and Analog Insulin Treatment to Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatient at Medistra Hospital Year 2012-2013
Authors: Yuliarti Elisabeth Ninung , Anggriani Yusi , Laksmitawati Dian Ratih , Sutedjo Prasasta
Published: February 2021

The data collection was conducted retrospectively, taking samples of 121 outpatients, of which 83 outpatients were evaluated for their clinical outcome. The medication profile data were collected from the medicine administration at the Hospital Pharmacy Installation. The clinical outcome data, such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG), two-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2HPP), and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), were garnered from the patients’ medical records. The cost data were collected from the outpatients’ payment receipts provided by the Hospital’s Financial Department. Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test was applied in this research. The research result suggests that after Mann Whitney Test, the human and analogue insulin were not significantly different seen from the clinical outcome result showing FPG (p=0.676), 2HPP (p=0.175), HbA1c (p=0.0445) and from the cost result (p=0.795). Furthermore, the research also shows that the average cost of 30-day medication of single human insulin was Rp3,190,997.43, while the one of analogue insulin was Rp3,188,832.35. In conclusion, the research finds out that if seen from the cost (p=0.795), the human and the analogue insulin were not significantly different.
Impact of Covid-19 on the Outcomes of Basic Immunization in Health Facilities
Authors: Iswati Retno Setyo , Nuraini Indria
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Covid 19 on basic immunization coverage, oriented to the number of Covid 19 cases mapped in the red, yellow, and green. This research provides the advantage of making a policy to improve children's health during a pandemic, particularly in preventing diseases that can be anticipated by immunization, such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, hepatitis, tetanus, meningitis, polio, and measles. This research can also be used as a basic for immunization in health facilities while still implementing health protocols. This study's results can be implemented in primary health facilities such as the Puskesmas, Posyandu, Poskesdes, or Midwife Independent Practice. This study's results indicate that immunization coverage <95% is mostly found in the red zone area of Pentabio 1 and 2 immunization, as well as measles. Chi-square test found that there was no significant relationship with basic immunization coverage.
Long-term patterns of mass stranding of the colonial cnidarian Velella velella: influence of environmental forcing
Authors: Jones T , Parrish JK , Burgess HK
Published: February 2021

Velella velella is a pleustonic cnidarian noted worldwide for mass stranding of the colonial phase. Utilizing a 20 yr dataset (2000-2019; 23265 surveys) collected by the COASST citizen science program, we examined the spatio-temporal occurrence of mass strandings of V. velella along the Pacific Northwest coast from Washington to northern California, USA. V. velella mass strandings were documented in 14 years, with expansive events in 2003-2006 and 2014-2019. Events predominantly occurred in spring and were synchronous (April) among years, concurrent with shifts to prevailing onshore winds. Autumn mass stranding events occurred infrequently, with no consistent phenology (2005: November; 2014: August). In stranding years, reports of V. velella were mostly synchronous throughout the surveyed area, and events consistently spanned >400 km of coastline, with highest reporting rates in the vicinity of the Columbia River plume, collectively suggesting extensive V. velella blooms throughout the northern California Current system in some years. Annual metrics of spring V. velella reporting rate (proportion of beaches; January-June) were modeled as a function of indices representing sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTa), easterly (onshore) wind speed, and regional upwelling. The best models (based on Akaike’s information criterion corrected for small sample size) indicated that SSTa averaged over the preceding winter (December-February) was positively correlated with spring reporting rate, suggesting that mass strandings of V. velella may be more prevalent in warmer years. As planetary warming continues, and V. velella strandings are easily recorded by citizen science programs globally, we suggest that stranding prevalence may be one relatively easy measure providing evidence for epipelagic ecosystem response.
Year-round niche segregation of three sympatric Hydrobates storm-petrels from Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, Eastern Pacific
Authors: Bedolla-Guzmán Y , Masello JF , Aguirre-Muñoz A , Lavaniegos BE , Voigt CC , Gómez-Gutiérrez J , Sánchez-Velasco L , Robinson CJ , Quillfeldt P
Published: February 2021

Ecologically similar species partition their use of resources and habitats and thus coexist due to ecological segregation in space, time, or diet. In seabirds, this segregation may differ over the annual cycle or vary inter-annually. We evaluated niche segregation in 3 sympatric storm-petrel species (Hydrobates melania, H. leucorhous, and H. microsoma) from the San Benito Islands, Mexico, during 2012 and 2013. We used diet samples and carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic values obtained from egg membranes, blood, feathers, and prey. We used krill samples to delineate marine δ13C and δ15N isoscapes for the Baja California Peninsula. During the breeding season, storm-petrels segregated regarding diet composition, stable isotope values, and isotopic niches. H. melania consumed higher trophic-position prey from neritic waters, while H. leucorhous and H. microsoma foraged on lower-trophic position prey from oceanic waters. Isotopic niches among species did not overlap in 2013, whereas those of H. microsoma and H. leucorhous overlapped in 2012. The feeding strategies of H. melania varied among breeding phases, and adults consumed different prey items from different areas compared to those of their offspring. H. microsoma adults and their chicks consumed the same prey items but from different habitats. During the non-breeding period, niche segregation between species persisted, except for H. microsoma and H. leucorhous during the molt of primary (P1) and undertail cover feathers. These 3 sympatric species coexist through niche segregation based on prey items and foraging areas that vary seasonally and year-round, probably due to changes in oceanographic conditions and the distribution and availability of prey.
Holistic nursing care among operating room nurses: Strengthening the standard of practice in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albaqawi Hamdan Mohammad , Butcon Vincent Edward , Albagawi Bander Saad , Dayrit Richard Dennis , Pangket Petelyne
Published: February 2021

Background: Holistic practices have been found beneficial for patients as well as nurses. They increase both the nurses and the patients’ health-promoting behaviors, spirituality, and interpersonal relationships.
Objective: This study aimed to determine holistic nursing care and compare its differences based on individual characteristics.
Methods: This study employed a quantitative-cross sectional approach. It was conducted at the hospitals of Hail region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from February 2020 to March 2020. Selected through convenience sampling, 154 operating room nurses participated in the study. Frequency and percentages were used to analyze the demographic information, and t-tests and analysis of variance were used to test for differences.
Results: Holistic nursing dimensions such as physiological (4.72 ± 0.40), socio-cultural (4.53 ± 0.45), psychological (4.66 ± 0.32), and spiritual aspects (4.22 ± 0.73) were consistently carried out in the operating room. On the physiological dimension, no significant differences were found in years of experience [(t) -0.073; p > 0.942], gender [(t) -1.113; p > 0.27], or age [(F) 0.558; p > 0.57), but there was a significant difference with nationality [(t) -3.328; p < 0.001]. On the socio-cultural dimension, the length of experience [(t) 0.599; p > 0.550], gender, [(t) -1.420; p > 0.158], and age [(F) 0.148; p > 0.862] were not significant, but a significant difference was found with nationality [(t) -7.516; p < 0.001]. Regarding the psychological dimension, the length of experience [(t) -1.101; p > 0.276], gender [(t) -1.545; p > 0.129], and age [(F) 1.259; p > 0.287] were not significant, but there was a significant difference with nationality [(t) -5.492; p < 0.001]. Finally, with the spiritual dimension, no significant difference was found on length of experience [(t) -1.101; p > 0.276] or age [(F) 0.584; p > 0.559], but there were significant differences on gender [(t) -3.890; p < 0.001] and nationality [(t) -3.653; p < 0.001].
Conclusion: Nationality is a causal factor to physiological, socio-cultural, psychological, and spiritual dimensions, while gender is significant to spiritual aspect. Regardless of nationality or gender, nurses must be knowledgeable regarding the significance of adopting holistic care to improve the quality of their care to their patients.
Changing places: comparing 1986 and 2019 elites in Scotland
Authors: McCrone David
Published: February 2021

How are Scottish elites educated? Is Scotland simply England writ small with Oxbridge and private schools predominating? Do private day schools mainly in the cities provide the core of elites? How important are education authority schools? How have patterns changed, if at all, between 1986 and 2019? Using ‘ Who's Who in Scotland’, this article charts the changing composition of elites especially among the political, legal and administrative classes in Scotland in comparison with business and ‘traditional’ elites. Drawing comparisons with analysis of British elites more generally, it appears that Scottish elites are educationally more ‘Scottish’ and state-educated today than they were in 1986.
Index.comunicación, 10 años de transferencia del conocimiento. La consolidación de una revista científica
Authors: Puebla Martínez Belén
Published: February 2021

La celebración del décimo aniversario de index.comunicación pedía tener un broche de oro, de tal manera que hemos querido cerrar esta primera década de la revista con un número especial conformado por una decena de obras de varios autores de reconocido prestigio en sus áreas de investigación que completan un objeto tan poliédrico como es la Comunicación.
La radio en el ecosistema mediático del siglo XXI: estudio de caso en Portugal
Authors: Canavilhas João
Published: February 2021

Desde que aparece la televisión, la muerte de la radio se anuncia como cercana. A pesar de todas las amenazas, el medio continúa vivo e, incluso, gana nuevos públicos en un escenario hostil para un medio centenario. La realidad muestra que la radio transformó sus debilidades en fuerzas y se adecuó al nuevo ecosistema de una forma más rápida que cualquier otro medio. Las razones de esta veloz y exitosa adaptación están relacionadas con la simplicidad del soporte y con el lenguaje unisensorial usado, pero también con una capacidad inaudita para el reajuste a nuevas situaciones.  En este trabajo se identifican los rasgos que hacen de la radio una superviviente y se analiza la forma como se adaptó al nuevo ecosistema, ilustrando cada caso con ejemplos de programas radiofónicos portugueses.
Enhancing Bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Using Fibrous Type I Collagen
Authors: Nitti Paola , Kunjalukkal Padmanabhan Sanosh , Cortazzi Serena , Stanca Eleonora , Siculella Luisa , Licciulli Antonio , Demitri Christian
Published: February 2021

In the field of bone tissue regeneration, the development of osteoconductive and osteoinductive scaffolds is an open challenge. The purpose of this work was the design and characterization of composite structures made of hydroxyapatite scaffold impregnated with a collagen slurry in order to mimic the bone tissue structure. The effect of magnesium and silicon ions enhancing both mechanical and biological properties of partially substituted hydroxyapatite were evaluated and compared with that of pure hydroxyapatite. The use of an innovative freeze-drying approach was developed, in which composite scaffolds were immersed in cold water, frozen and then lyophilized, thereby creating an open-pore structure, an essential feature for tissue regeneration. The mechanical stability of bone scaffolds is very important in the first weeks of slow bone regeneration process. Therefore, the biodegradation behavior of 3D scaffolds was evaluated by incubating them for different periods of time in Tris-HCl buffer. The microstructure observation, the weight loss measurements and mechanical stability up to 28 days of incubation (particularly for HA-Mg_Coll scaffolds), revealed moderate weight loss and mechanical performances reduction due to collagen dissolution. At the same time, the presence of collagen helps to protect the ceramic structure until it degrades. These results, combined with MTT tests, confirm that HA-Mg_Coll scaffolds may be the suitable candidate for bone remodeling.
Inhibition of PDE1-B by Vinpocetine Regulates Microglial Exosomes and Polarization Through Enhancing Autophagic Flux for Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zang Jiankun , Wu Yousheng , Su Xuanlin , Zhang Tianyuan , Tang Xionglin , Ma Dan , Li Yufeng , Liu Yanfang , Weng Ze’an , Liu Xuanzhuo , Tsang Chi Kwan , Xu Anding , Lu Dan
Published: February 2021

Exosomes contribute to cell–cell communications. Emerging evidence has shown that microglial exosomes may play crucial role in regulation of neuronal functions under ischemic conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms of microglia-derived exosome biosynthesis are largely unknown. Herein, we reported that the microglial PDE1-B expression was progressively elevated in the peri-infarct region after focal middle cerebral artery occlusion. By an oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) ischemic model in cells, we found that inhibition of PDE1-B by vinpocetine in the microglial cells promoted M2 and inhibited M1 phenotype. In addition, knockdown or inhibition of PDE1-B significantly enhanced the autophagic flux in BV2 cells, and vinpocetine-mediated suppression of M1 phenotype was dependent on autophagy in ischemic conditions. Co-culture of BV2 cells and neurons revealed that vinpocetine-treated BV2 cells alleviated OGD-induced neuronal damage, and treatment of BV2 cells with 3-MA abolished the observed effects of vinpocetine. We further demonstrated that ischemia and vinpocetine treatment significantly altered microglial exosome biogenesis and release, which could be taken up by recipient neurons and regulated neuronal damage. Finally, we showed that the isolated exosome per se from conditioned BV2 cells is sufficient to regulate cortical neuronal survival in vivo. Taken together, these results revealed a novel microglia-neuron interaction mediated by microglia-derived exosomes under ischemic conditions. Our findings further suggest that PDE1-B regulates autophagic flux and exosome biogenesis in microglia which plays a crucial role in neuronal survival under cerebral ischemic conditions.
Targeting Lipid Rafts as a Strategy Against Coronavirus
Authors: Sorice Maurizio , Misasi Roberta , Riitano Gloria , Manganelli Valeria , Martellucci Stefano , Longo Agostina , Garofalo Tina , Mattei Vincenzo
Published: February 2021

Lipid rafts are functional membrane microdomains containing sphingolipids, including gangliosides, and cholesterol. These regions are characterized by highly ordered and tightly packed lipid molecules. Several studies revealed that lipid rafts are involved in life cycle of different viruses, including coronaviruses. Among these recently emerged the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The main receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is represented by the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), although it also binds to sialic acids linked to host cell surface gangliosides. A new type of ganglioside-binding domain within the N-terminal portion of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was identified. Lipid rafts provide a suitable platform able to concentrate ACE-2 receptor on host cell membranes where they may interact with the spike protein on viral envelope. This review is focused on selective targeting lipid rafts components as a strategy against coronavirus. Indeed, cholesterol-binding agents, including statins or methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), can affect cholesterol, causing disruption of lipid rafts, consequently impairing coronavirus adhesion and binding. Moreover, these compounds can block downstream key molecules in virus infectivity, reducing the levels of proinflammatory molecules [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6], and/or affecting the autophagic process involved in both viral replication and clearance. Furthermore, cyclodextrins can assemble into complexes with various drugs to form host–guest inclusions and may be used as pharmaceutical excipients of antiviral compounds, such as lopinavir and remdesivir, by improving bioavailability and solubility. In conclusion, the role of lipid rafts-affecting drugs in the process of coronavirus entry into the host cells prompts to introduce a new potential task in the pharmacological approach against coronavirus.
The Cancer-Testis Long Non-coding RNA PCAT6 Facilitates the Malignant Phenotype of Ovarian Cancer by Sponging miR-143-3p
Authors: Tan Xiaofang , Shao Yang , Teng Yue , Liu Siyu , Li Weijian , Xue Lu , Cao Yuepeng , Sun Chongqi , Zhang Jinhong , Han Jing , Wu Xiaoli , Xu Hanzi , Xie Kaipeng
Published: February 2021

Background: It has been reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, their roles in ovarian cancer (OC) remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to uncover the function and underlying mechanisms of PCAT6 in OC.

Methods: The expression pattern of PCAT6 in OC was analyzed in the GSE137238, GSE143897 and Gene Expression Profile Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) datasets. Kaplan–Meier Plotter online software was used for survival analysis. Loss-of-function assays and gain-of-function assays were used to assess the function of PCAT6 in OC development. Moreover, small-RNA sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, luciferase assays and rescue experiments were carried out to clarify the potential mechanism of PCAT6 in OC.

Results: PCAT6 expression was significantly increased in OC tissues and positively correlated with advanced stages and with poor overall survival, progression-free survival and post-progression survival. Knockdown of PCAT6 in A2780 and SKOV3 cells inhibited OC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In contrast, Overexpression of PCAT6 exerted the opposite effects on OC cells. Notably, PCAT6 bound to miR-143-3p and affected the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Subsequent rescue assays confirmed that upregulation of miR-143-3p decreased the PCAT6 overexpression-induced promotion of proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, downregulation of miR-143-3p reversed the PCAT6 knockdown-induced inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that PCAT6 plays an oncogenic role in OC and may be useful as a therapeutic target for OC.
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Suppress Cancer Development: The Other Side of the Coin
Authors: Wang Zhanhuai , Yang Qi , Tan Yinuo , Tang Yang , Ye Jun , Yuan Bin , Yu Wei
Published: February 2021

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main stromal components of cancer, representing a group of heterogeneous cells. Many studies indicate that CAFs promote tumor development. Besides, evidence of the tumor suppression effects of CAFs keeps on merging. In the tumor microenvironment, multiple stimuli can activate fibroblasts. Notably, this does not necessarily mean the activated CAFs become strong tumor promoters immediately. The varying degree of CAFs activation makes quiescent CAFs, tumor-restraining CAFs, and tumor-promoting CAFs. Quiescent CAFs and tumor-restraining CAFs are more present in early-stage cancer, while comparatively, more tumor-promoting CAFs present in advanced-stage cancer. The underlying mechanism that balances tumor promotion or tumor inhibition effects of CAFs is mostly unknown. This review focus on the inhibitory effects of CAFs on cancer development. We describe the heterogeneous origin, markers, and metabolism in the CAFs population. Transgenetic mouse models that deplete CAFs or deplete CAFs activation signaling in the tumor stroma present direct evidence of CAFs protective effects against cancer. Moreover, we outline CAFs subpopulation and CAFs derived soluble factors that act as a tumor suppressor. Single-cell RNA-sequencing on CAFs population provides us new insight to classify CAFs subsets. Understanding the full picture of CAFs will help translate CAFs biology from bench to bedside and develop new strategies to improve precision cancer therapy.
Dynamic Control of Mitochondrial Ca2+ Levels as a Survival Strategy of Cancer Cells
Authors: Madreiter-Sokolowski Corina T. , Gottschalk Benjamin , Sokolowski Armin A. , Malli Roland , Graier Wolfgang F.
Published: February 2021

Cancer cells have increased energy requirements due to their enhanced proliferation activity. This energy demand is, among others, met by mitochondrial ATP production. Since the second messenger Ca2+ maintains the activity of Krebs cycle dehydrogenases that fuel mitochondrial respiration, proper mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is crucial for a cancer cell survival. However, a mitochondrial Ca2+ overload induces mitochondrial dysfunction and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death. Because of the vital importance of balancing mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, a highly sophisticated machinery of multiple proteins manages mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. Notably, mitochondria sequester Ca2+ preferentially at the interaction sites between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the largest internal Ca2+ store, thus, pointing to mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) as crucial hubs between cancer prosperity and cell death. To investigate potential regulatory mechanisms of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake routes in cancer cells, we modulated mitochondria–ER tethering and the expression of UCP2 and analyzed mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis under the various conditions. Hence, the expression of contributors to mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation machinery was quantified by qRT-PCR. We further used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to correlate these in vitro findings with expression patterns in human breast invasive cancer and human prostate adenocarcinoma. ER-mitochondrial linkage was found to support a mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake route dependent on uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in cancer cells. Notably, combined overexpression of Rab32, a protein kinase A-anchoring protein fostering the ER-mitochondrial tethering, and UCP2 caused a significant drop in cancer cells' viability. Artificially enhanced ER-mitochondrial tethering further initiated a sudden decline in the expression of UCP2, probably as an adaptive response to avoid mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Besides, TCGA analysis revealed an inverse expression correlation between proteins stabilizing mitochondrial-ER linkage and UCP2 in tissues of human breast invasive cancer and prostate adenocarcinoma. Based on these results, we assume that cancer cells successfully manage mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake to stimulate Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial metabolism while avoiding Ca2+-triggered cell death by fine-tuning ER-mitochondrial tethering and the expression of UCP2 in an inversed manner. Disruption of this equilibrium yields cancer cell death and may serve as a treatment strategy to specifically kill cancer cells.
Monitoring Phosphoinositide Fluxes and Effectors During Leukocyte Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis
Authors: Montaño-Rendón Fernando , Grinstein Sergio , Walpole Glenn F. W.
Published: February 2021

The dynamic re-organization of cellular membranes in response to extracellular stimuli is fundamental to the cell physiology of myeloid and lymphoid cells of the immune system. In addition to maintaining cellular homeostatic functions, remodeling of the plasmalemma and endomembranes endow leukocytes with the potential to relay extracellular signals across their biological membranes to promote rolling adhesion and diapedesis, migration into the tissue parenchyma, and to ingest foreign particles and effete cells. Phosphoinositides, signaling lipids that control the interface of biological membranes with the external environment, are pivotal to this wealth of functions. Here, we highlight the complex metabolic transitions that occur to phosphoinositides during several stages of the leukocyte lifecycle, namely diapedesis, migration, and phagocytosis. We describe classical and recently developed tools that have aided our understanding of these complex lipids. Finally, major downstream effectors of inositides are highlighted including the cytoskeleton, emphasizing the importance of these rare lipids in immunity and disease.