bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From State-run Schools to Academies: The Shift of Educational Focus in Ming and Qing Dynasties
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Liu Yanwei
Published: February 2023

During Ming and Qing dynasties, the focus of education tended to shift from state-run schools to academies. In the early years of Ming Dynasty, a complete school system was established by the authorities. However, the academies were excluded. And after the middle period of Ming Dynasty, local officials and Tixue(提學) began to seek some other ways to cultivate talents which were beyond the state-run schools, and recognized the status of academy as “supplementing the deficiencies of schools”. In Yongzheng(雍正) and Qianlong(乾隆) dynasties, the development of academies was promoted by the authorities’ support. With the prominent advantages of academies in gathering scholars and teaching scholars, the educational focus gradually turned to academies, which brought about the idea that “the reality of teaching in schools is inferior to academies”. The status of academy in the whole education system and the changes of scholars’ concept towards academy have affected the educational practice, and also influenced the formation of Chinese modern education pattern ultimately.

명-청대에 걸쳐 교육의 중심이 관학으로부터 서원으로 이행하는 추세가 발생하였다. 명대 전기에는 관방에서 완전한 학교 체제를 구축하였으며, 이에서원은 배척되었다. 그런데 명 중기 이후, 지방 관원과 제학(提學) 관원들이학교 외부에 인재를 배양할 수 있는 장소를 탐색하기 시작했고, 그들은 서원을 “학교가 미치지 못하는 부분을 보충하는(匡翼夫學校之不逮)” 역할을 할 수있다고 생각하였다. 청대 옹정(雍正), 건륭(乾隆) 연간, 관방은 서원을 지지하여 그 발전을 촉진하였고, 서원에서 생도들을 모으고 선비들을 가르치며, 배양하는 등 여러 우수한 성과에 힘입어 교육의 중심 또한 점차 서원으로 옮겨가게 되었다. 이로써 “선비 교육의 실질로는 서원 만한 곳이 없다(教士之實, 莫如書院)”라는 관념이 발생하였다. 이러한 전체 교육 체계 가운데 서원의 지위 및 사인(士人) 서원에 대한 관점의 변화는 당시 교육 시행 차원에서도 영향을 끼쳤을 뿐만 아니라, 궁극적으로 근대 중국 교육 구조의 형성에도 영향을미쳤다.
On the Academization of Yihak in the Qing Dynasty
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Jang Kyeung Song
Published: February 2023

In the education system of the Qing Dynasty, there was a phenomenon of confluence of free schools and academies, one of which was the academization of free schools. The sign of the academization of free schools is that a large number of free schools are named “academies” and thus become part of the academy. The main reasons for promoting the academies of Yixue are local admiration, loose manag ement and advocacy by officials. The academism of Yixue promoted the popularity and prosperity of academies in the Qing Dynasty, and promoted the reform of academy regulations. At the same time, it blurred the boundary between Yixue and academies. It is necessary to discuss the relationship between volunteer schools and academies in a larger scope.

의학의 서원화는 주로 의학 관명(冠名)을 ‘서원’이라고 표시하는 현상으로 표현된다. 일찍이 역사 속에서 출현한 적 있는 몇몇 의학(義學)은 서원의 기능, 제도 및 양식을 갖추고 있었다. 강서(江西) 지역을 예로 들면, 북송대 서창(瑞 昌, 오늘날 강서 서창)의 채씨의숙(蔡氏義塾)과 원대 풍성(豐城, 강서 풍성) 게씨(揭氏)의 천강의숙(蒨岡義塾), 만안(萬安, 강서 만안)의 유씨유림의숙(劉氏儒 林義塾) 등은 모두 강학을 담당하는 이름난 선생들과 풍부한 학전을 갖추고있었으며, 그 사회적 영향력 또한 매우 컸다. 비록 ‘서원’이라는 명칭은 없었으나 서원의, 실질적 요소들을 갖추고 있었던 것이다. 이와 달리, 청대 의학의보편적인 학습 수준은 비교적 낮았으며, 생도는 몹시 적었고, 규모 또한 작았다. 게다가 학습의 질 또한 그리 높지 않아서, 사회적 영향력은 거의 없다시피했다. 이 경우 ‘서원’이라는 이름은 가지고 있었지만 오히려 서원의 내실은 없는 거나 마찬가지였다. 예컨대 동치(同治) 연간의 《신창현지(新昌縣志)》(강서의풍[宜豐]) 제5권의 기록에 따르면, 이 현은 청대에 각(閣), 당(堂), 원(園), 재(齋), 별서(別墅), 가숙(家塾), 서사(書舍), 서실(書屋), 산방(山房) 및 ‘서원’이라는 명칭을 가진 서원이 120여 개소가 건립되어 모두 성황을 이루었다. 그러나그 가운데 ‘서원’은 실질적으로 가숙, 서사 등과 마찬가지로 모두 의학(義學)에해당하였다. 예컨대 남병서원(南屏書院)은 강릉별서(江陵別墅)로서, “남성 바깥에 강을 등지고 위치하며, 웅씨 일가가 함께 건립한 곳이다(在南城外河背, 熊氏眾建).” 회란서원(回瀾書院)은 “육도(六都)에서 풍계 이씨 일가가 함께 건립한 문회(文會)이며, 학조(學租)를 기부받았다(在六都, 豐溪李氏眾建成文會, 捐有學租).”, 반수서원(泮水書院)은 “십도(十都)에 위치해 있으며, 노씨 일가가건립하였다(在十都, 盧氏眾建)”라고 기록되어 있다. 이와 같은 서원들은 주로지역의 씨족 및 그 구성원들이 출자하여 건립한 소규모 가숙에 해당한다. 신창(新昌) 비린(毗鄰)의 강서 만재(萬載)에서도 이와 유사한 정황이 드러난다. 예컨대 곽산(郭山) 장씨(張氏)는 강희(康熙) 46년(1707년)에 청아서원(菁莪書 院)을 건립하였고, 도광(道光) 8년(1828년) 배강(排江) 구양씨(歐陽氏)가 지은석계서원(石溪書院), 함풍(鹹豐) 7년(1857년) 반령(半嶺) 류씨(劉氏)의 류씨서원(劉氏書院) 등도 모두 씨족 자제들의 교육을 위한 장소로 건립된 것이다. 강서 지역 외에도, 청대의 많은 직성(直省) 지역에서 이와 비슷한 정황이 발견된다. 예컨대 호북성(湖北省)에서는 건륭 연간의 지방지에서 기록하고 있는 서원화된 의학만 해도 적지 않은데, 예컨대 면양(沔陽) 옥대서원(玉帶書院), 황강(黃岡) 평강서원(坪江書院
Preliminary Discussions for the Establishment of the So-Called “Gimcheon studies”
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, kim chang kyum
Published: February 2023

In this article, I preliminarily examined the concept and category, core contents, research direction and method of “Gimcheon studies”.
Gimcheon studies is a regional study. The target is Gimcheon local culture. The Gimcheon local culture is the total of all types of elements that the Gimcheon people have achieved in the fields of nature, geography, history, cultural heritage, people, religion, life, language and literature, within the time range and space range. In the end, I defined the study of this as Gimcheon studies.
In particular, I proposed ‘Choisongseoldang’, ‘Gammunkug’, ‘Socialist Movement’as the main contents to be dealt with in Gimcheon Studies.
In addition, I argued that the direction and method of Gimcheon should be establishing a correct identity through an accurate understanding of the uniqueness and universality of Gimcheon area, pursuing a holistic study that harmonizes with the integration between disciplines, and presenting a local policy and direction with practical availability, a future-oriented approach by analyzing past history and current status in time, an objective and balanced study, and a comparative study with other regions.
And Gimcheon studies, which includes all the characteristics of Gimcheon's local culture, as this actually prog resses, it will be created and established.
A study on the formation of Texas Street near Busan Station and the influx of former Soviet Bloc migrants
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Noh Yongseok
Published: February 2023

Texas Street in Choryang-dong, Dong-gu, located near Busan Station, is known to some people as a 'Russian street' even as of 2022, and to others it is recognized as a 'prostitute' and 'red light district' that cannot be reached. However, it can be said that this place has historically been a complex interweaving of numerous foreign visitors, including Chinese and Americans, and the Russians are only one part of the main character of the stage. Nevertheless, Koreans consider this area to be the exclusive property of Russians, and the perception of Texas Street as a 'prostitute' has become a general notion of looking at Russians. However, the Texas Street near Busan Station was the “debut stage” for Russia, where it established diplomatic ties with Korea for the first time since the Cold War in the 1990s. This paper is a study on the background of the formation of Texas Street near Busan Station and the influx of former Soviet bloc migrants.
The Life and Independence Movement of Shin Kwang-ryeol through the Wolnam Yuseo(『越南遺書』)
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Lee kye-hyung , Shin min-shik , Jung Sang-gyu
Published: February 2023

The Wolnam Yuseo(『越南遺書』) is a suicide note written by Shin Kwang-ryul after he defected to South Korea shortly after liberation. It contains not only his life but also the contents related to the Korean independence movement, so it is worth using it as a historical material for the independence movement. In particular, this is significant in that Shin Kwang-ryeol himself and his uncle Shin hong-gyun played a decisive role in being selected as a person of merit for independence by the Korean government. Therefore, based on this, this paper attempted to shed light on the activities of the independence movement along with Shin Kwang-ryeol's life. He was born in 1903 in Bukcheong, Hamgyongnam-do, and moved to Wanga-dong, 17th district of Jangbaekhyeon, Guilin Province, China in 1911, shortly after the national death. Later, as he grew up, he developed a sense of nationalism from his uncle, Shin Hong-gyun, and after entering Dongheung Middle School in Bukgando, he accepted socialist ideas and actively responded to colonial reality. After graduation, he worked as a teacher at Jeil Jeongmong School, came to Korea in his mid-20s, and briefly worked as secretary of Hyesanjin, Gapsan-gun, Hambuk-do. After that, he tried to succeed the traditional Korean medicine industry, which was his family business, but was rejected by the Japanese colonial g overnment and crossed over to Bukgando again. At this time, he entered the antiJapanese movement while interacting with the communists who were active there. At that time, the Gwangju Student Movement spread to Bukg ando, and with this opportunity, the communist g roup tried to convert it into a national independence protest movement, but was arrested by the Japanese police. Since then, he has been imprisoned for three months at Seodaemun Prison.
A Study on the Utilization of Gyeongsan Seedlings Industrial Zone
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Kang Min-hee , Lee Seung Woo
Published: February 2023

It is difficult to convey the value of the “Gyeongsan Seedlings Industrial Zone” just by taking a rational approach. Therefore, it should be made into cultural contents through storytelling that can achieve effective social and cultural communication, improvement of sensitivity, education, and persuasion.
Therefore, the critics tried to select effective pixels with excellent story value, review domestic and foreign cases in which local industrial resources contributed to regional revitalization, and present a plan to convert existing extracted pixels into cultural contents.
As a result, the direction of storytelling in accordance with the “Gyeongsan Seedlings Industrial Zone” was considered. As a result, the government was able to find pixels worth talking about by reviewing the industrial heritage “Gyeongsan Seedlings Industrial Zone” based on the criteria of ‘creativity’ and ‘factuality.’
Rheological Behaviors of Waste Polyethylene Modified Asphalt Binder: Statistical Analysis of Interlaboratory Testing Results
Authors: Wang Di , Baliello Andrea , Pinheiro Gustavo dos Santas , Poulikakos Lily D. , Tušar Marjan , Vasconcelos Kamilla L. , Kakar Muhammad Rafiq , Porot Laurent , Pasquini Emiliano , Giancontieri Gaspare , Riccardi Chiara , Pasetto Marco , Presti Davide Lo , Cannone Falchetto Augusto
Published: February 2023

This article investigated the effect of waste polyethylene (PE) on the modified asphalt binders’ rheological behavior from a statistical point of view. The interlaboratory testing results from the RILEM Technical Committee 279 Valorization of Waste and Secondary Materials for Roads Task Group 1 were used for this purpose. First, an unaged 70/100 penetration graded neat binder was selected as the reference material. Next, a single 5 % content of waste PE additives (PE-pellets and PE-shreds) was mixed with a 95 % neat binder to prepare two PE modified binders. Then, dynamic shear rheometer–based temperature-frequency sweep tests were performed over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies to evaluate the rheological properties of these three binders. Different rheological behaviors were observed in the isochronal plots at high temperatures. Based on a reproducibility precision requirement proposed for phase angle, 28°C was set as the transition temperature across the rheological behaviors. Next, according to the three rheological behaviors defined in a previous study by the authors, statistical analysis was introduced to identify sensitive rheological parameters and determine the thresholds. Results indicate that the phase angle measured above 28°C and 1.59 Hz can be used as a sensitive parameter to discriminate the three rheological behaviors of PE modified binders. The thresholds among different behaviors were also calculated as an example for phase angle measured at the highest common testing temperature of 70°C. Additional experimental evaluations on more types of PE modified binders, especially at intermediate and high temperatures, are recommended to better understand their influence on the rheological behavior of PE modified binders.
Research of a Thermal-Regulation System Using Electronic Integrated Textiles for a Mattress
Authors: Serdar Serap Gamze , Değirmenci Züleyha , Topalbekiroğlu Mehmet
Published: February 2023

With the advent of wearable technology, sleep monitoring has become a common practice. Our performance is significantly impacted by the quantity, efficiency, and quality of our sleep. It proved that temperature has a significant impact on sleep. The temperature circumstance is one of the primary causes of sleep disturbance according to the studies. The purpose of this study is to develop a temperature-controlled mattress system that will improve sleep quality by keeping the temperature within a predetermined range. A scaled prototype was set up and tested. It was found that the mattress system could keep the temperature within the specified range without being influenced by the ambient temperature.
An Electrochemical Approach to Accelerate Mechanically Assisted Crevice Corrosion Damage on Modular Implant Interfaces
Authors: McDermott Eric , Sivan Shiril , Di Prima Matthew
Published: February 2023

Corrosion within the crevice of modular tapers is one of the major mechanisms that leads to orthopedic device failures. However, the currently used fretting corrosion test methods involve extended test durations and are often burdensome. This study evaluates the feasibility of adding micromotion to crevices while being simultaneously subjected to cyclic polarization in order to accelerate corrosion damage. The addition of micromotion was intended to induce crevice and fretting corrosion between metals in a washer-rod combination geometry. Three commonly used orthopedic metals (316L stainless steel, SS316L; grade 5 titanium, Ti6Al4V; and cobalt-chromium-molybdenum per ASTM F1537-20, Standard Specification for Wrought Cobalt-28Chromium-6Molybdenum Alloys for Surgical Implants [UNS R31537, UNS R31538, and UNS R31539], CoCrMo) were used to form crevices in this study to evaluate the test method. A cyclic polarization control group in which no micromotion was present was used to determine the effect of the cyclic polarization alone. In addition, a fretting control group in which no cyclic polarization was conducted was used to assess the effect of micromotion without cyclic polarization. The results of this study showed that fretting corrosion damage can be achieved on Ti6Al4V and SS316L washer crevices when subjected to micromotion alone. The test method did not induce more corrosion on Ti6Al4V samples when crevices were tested with cyclic polarization alone. Furthermore, the results found that cyclic polarization in combination with micromotion did not achieve the same fretting corrosion damage on the CoCrMo samples as observed in explants. Still, electrochemical test methods have potential for accelerating corrosion damage within crevices when combined with existing fretting corrosion testing and therefore could potentially reduce test durations for fretting corrosion susceptibility evaluations for medical devices having modular taper connections.
Probabilistic Prediction Synthesizing Data and Science-Based Modeling for Very High Cycle Fatigue
Authors: Harlow D. Gary
Published: February 2023

Epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty are inherent in engineering modeling and experimentation. Uncertainty, which must be considered for accurate life estimation and prediction, is an undeniable aspect of very high cycle fatigue (VHCF). Frequently, limited data are available for VHCF. The magnitude and extent of uncertainty are increased for high reliability applications or gigacycle predictions. The purpose herein is to present a methodology for managing uncertainty satisfactorily. The procedure integrates data with science-based modeling (SBM) for VHCF. An extensive set of data for SUJ2 steel, which exhibits bimodal damage growth for some loading conditions, will be used. One mode is associated with damage nucleating from internal particles, and the other is surface-induced damage, both of which can have fatigue lives in excess of 108cycles. One important conclusion is that synthesis of SBM with data greatly improves reliability estimation and prediction. As the accuracy of the SBM increases, the effect of uncertainty is reduced; however, even basic approximations are more beneficial than empirical analysis alone. Consequently, an SBM that reasonably predicts VHCF behavior resulting from multiple modes of damage growth, which is tuned subsequently by infusing VHCF data, is warranted. The approach focuses on the estimation and prediction of the cumulative distribution functions for life given the loading condition and their statistical goodness of fit.
SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF HAZELNUT BEVERAGES ENRICHED WITH VIT-C SOURCE FRUITS AND SHELF LIFE
Authors: ÇELİK Sakine Kübra , TURAN Emre , ŞİMŞEK Atilla
Published: February 2023

In this research, drinkable hazelnut milk (HM) processed from the Tombul variety was supplemented with a ratio of 20, 40, and 60% rosehip (Rosa canina L.) (R) and strawberry (Fragaria sp.) (S) pulps as Vit-C sources and stored to determine physicochemical changes for 6 weeks at 4 and 25 oC. The influence of temperature (T), time (t), and contribution ratio (CR) factors on R and S-HM beverages was statistically significant (P <0.05). The evident changes in beverages were in total phenolics (TP) and antioxidant activity at the end of 6 weeks’ storage. R1, R2, S2, and S3 formulations were the most liked for general acceptability scores, also, selected R and S purees were compatible with hazelnut milk. The optimum shelf life of R-HM and S-HM mixtures was calculated between 6-8 weeks at 15 oC using TP and Vit-C regression equations (R2= 95.07-99.45%).
Outcast Women
Authors: Gull Bethany , Smith Jesse , Cragun Ryan
Published: February 2023

Studies on religious disaffiliation have largely ignored the gendered dynamics at play in decisions to exit and the exit experience itself. We begin to address this gap by foregrounding gender as a structuring variable in the exit process. As we examine the disaffiliation narratives of twenty formerly Mormon women—members of a women-only Facebook support group—we find that gender infuses their reasons for exiting as well as their experiences during the exit process. Concerns with authenticity feature prominently in how they narrate their deconversion experiences. We call for greater attention to the role of gender and authenticity in research on religious disaffiliation.
Going to the People
Authors: Pozzi Laura
Published: February 2023

Scholarship on museums situated in the People’s Republic of China privileges the analysis of exhibitions over visitor studies. Based on the author’s research on the reception of the Shanghai History Museum’s representation of colonial history, this paper sheds light on the opportunities and difficulties of working with museum audiences in China. The article presents a qualitative analysis of the collected data, showing how visitors personalize and criticize the state-sanctioned anticolonial and nationalist version of Shanghai’s history. It argues that visitor studies are a useful method for examining how museum audiences renegotiate the meaning of exhibitions under an authoritarian regime.
Management Strategies for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Complicated By Limb Malperfusion
Authors: Song Shibo , Lu Lin , Peng Hua , Qiang Haifeng , Wang Juxiang , Wu Yuan , Zhuang Hui , Wu Xijie
Published: February 2023

Background: Acute type A aortic dissection complicated by limb malperfusion presents a risk of mortality to the patients. Debates exist regarding management, whether focused on reperfusion first or immediate repair. Here, we aimed to describe our experience with the management of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) complicated by limb malperfusion.
Methods: From January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021, 22 consecutive patients were admitted to Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, due to acute type A aortic dissection complicated by limb malperfusion. All perioperative variables were recorded and analyzed. Limb malperfusion was diagnosed, according to the clinical symptoms, computed tomography angiography, and laboratory test. We adopted the clinical categories of acute limb ischemia to stratify severity of limb ischemia. Surgery strategies are as follows: Reperfusion first followed by central repair, immediate central repair, and immediate central repair followed by stenting.
Results: There were 21 males and one female with an average of 53.3±11.7 years. Management strategies were as follows: immediate central repair using total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk in 15 patients, endovascular stenting followed by central repair in four patients, and endovascular stenting after central repair in two patients. The average extracorporeal circulation time was 258.8 ± 70.5 min; the average aortic cross-clamp time was 177.9 ± 54.2 min; and the average circulatory arrest time was 45.5 ± 13.1 min. The early mortality rate was 13.6% (3/22). Two patients left the hospital voluntarily, due to cerebral infarction and bleeding. One patient underwent fasciotomy for osteofascial compartment syndrome and uneventfully was discharged. Six patients underwent continuous renal replacement therapy and hemoperfusion.
Conclusion: Central repair is safe and feasible for ATAAD complicated with limb malperfusion. For serious limb malperfusion, endovascular stenting followed by central repair is a good choice with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and hemoperfusion. Hospital mortality rate is high in cases with multiple organ malperfusion.
Post Completion Reviews von Investitionen in Erneuerbare Energien
Authors: Fermum Uwe , Jonetzko Michael , Micus Moritz , Scherpereel Dr. Peter
Published: February 2023

Post Completion Reviews sind systematische Analysen, die die Wirtschaftlichkeit von Projekten vor und nach Durchführung der Investition vergleichen. Zielsetzung ist, vergangene Entscheidungen zu beurteilen und für zukünftige Entscheidungen zu lernen. Anhand eines Beispiels einer Investition in Erneuerbare Energien wird gezeigt, wie RWE solche Analysen durchführt und welche Herausforderungen und Nutzen sich daraus ergeben.
Wertorientierte Performancemessung im Rahmen der Investitionssteuerung
Authors: Lennartz Wolfgang , Ortner Julia , Velthuis Angela , Velthuis Louis
Published: February 2023

Die wertorientierte Steuerung von Investitionsprojekten erfordert eine Performancemessung ex ante zur Planung und ex post zur Kontrolle und Incentivierung des Managements. In diesem Beitrag werden geeignete Performancemaße für diese Anwendungsgebiete vorgestellt und an einem Beispiel gezeigt, wie eine integrierte ex ante- und ex post-Performancemessung in der Praxis erfolgen kann.
Ganzheitlicher Investitionsprozess im Kontext der Industrie 4.0
Authors: Pereira Dr. Daniel Silveira , Regelmann Cornelia
Published: February 2023

Investitionsentscheidungen im Kontext der Industrie 4.0 sind von zunehmender Komplexität und Unsicherheit betroffen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt zunächst basierend auf einer durchgeführten qualitativen Studie den Status quo des Investitionscontrollings im Kontext der Industrie 4.0 auf und fokussiert dabei diverse Einflussfaktoren und Barrieren. Schließlich wird ein idealtypischer Investitionsprozess konzipiert und Implikationen für die Praxis erarbeitet.
Budgetierung und Risikomanagement in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Eichholz Julia , Hoffmann Nicole
Published: February 2023

Die vorliegenden Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass den Makrofunktionen in der Budgetierung eine unterschiedliche Bedeutung zugemessen wird, die krisenstabil ist. Der Ausbau des Risikomanagements (RM) scheint einen positiven Einfluss auf die Ausprägung dieser Funktionen zu haben. Auch zeichnen sich Unternehmen mit einem gut ausgebauten RM durch eine bessere Unternehmenslage in der COVID-19-Pandemie aus.
Silicone nasolacrimal intubation: our experience in long term cases
Authors: Bauchiero L , Monteu F , Orlassino R , Tavormina P , Vadalà G
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the bicanalicular tube structural integrity and the anatomical and functional post operative results of cases of long and very long bicanalicular intubation (from 2 to 13 years). Methods: We studied all the patients of our Department with long-lasting intubation (greater than one year), from 2000 to 2021. We obtained an histocytological evaluation of the material of intubation and a nasal endoscopy. We investigated the causes of the long permanency and the patient tolerability. Results: In our study, 6 eyes from 5 patients (4 women and 1 man) underwent a nasolacrimal duct intubation. The mean intubation permanency time was 6.8 years and the median value was 7 years (minimum 2 years, maximum 13 years). The bicanalicular tube examinations found traces of mucus made of amorphous protein material, sporadic leukocytes and histiocytes. In all the patients the nasal endoscopy showed good conditions of the middle meatus mucosa. Conclusions: In complex cases, such as multiple re-operations, inflamed and small lacrimal sac, fibrotic sac, inflamed nasal mucosa for previous nasal pathologies, a permanent silicone tube could be a reasonable choice as it appears to be well tolerated and without major complication risks.
Use of natural yogurt, pineapple juice, and beer wort as starter cultures in sourdough combined with white and whole wheat flours to improve the technological characteristics of milk breads
Authors: dos Santos Janaína Gomes , de Ávila Poliana Martins , Borges Gomes Raphael Antônio , Souza Monteiro Reginaldo de , Vieira Silvia Mendonça , Pimenta Pereira Patrícia Aparecida
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effects of different types of wheat flour (whole or white) with natural yogurt, pineapple juice, and beer wort for sourdough production to improve the technological characteristics of milk breads. Seven milk breads were prepared with varying yeast fermentation and sourdough types (produced with different types of wheat flour and substrates). A physical analysis (oven jump, bread shape, crust thickness, expansion coefficient, and images of the slices), proximal composition examination (moisture, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and ash), and acceptability and purchase intent evaluation were then performed. The results showed that the factors under study influenced the technological characteristics of the milk breads, and that the sourdough consisting of whole wheat flour and yogurt was less acceptable. However, sourdough prepared using white wheat flour and beer wort was the most effective, being a promising alternative in the elaboration of milk breads.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Menggunakan Metode Bernyayi Siswa Kelas II di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Anisati Ananda Sephia , Setyawan Agung
Published: February 2023

This study aims to describe the application of the singing method in improving students’ cognitive learning outcomes in class II SDN weight unit material. The subjects of this study were 24 students of class II SDN as many as 24 people.This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). The results obtained in this study, in the first cycle of students who got a minimum score of 65 there were only 5 students with a percentage of 20.83%, 19 students who had not reached the minimum completeness criteria with a percentage of 79.16%. While in the second cycle, students who got a minimum score of 65 were 20 students with a percentage of 83.33%, 4 students who had not reached the minimum completeness criteria with a percentage of 16.66%. The application of learning using the singing method or learning songs can help students understand the material so that there is an increase in learning outcomes for Mathematics subjects with weight units for second grade students at SDN.
Implementasi Model Project Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi dalam IPS Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fadillah Hana Nur , Takiddin Takiddin
Published: February 2023

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the implementation of the project based learning model to improve students' higher-order thinking skills in social science material in social sciences. The method used in this study is a qualitative survey method with a total of 22 students. The instruments used in this research are observation and documentation. The data analysis used is qualitative data analysis. Qualitative data analysis is used to provide information that describes the improvement in the results of teacher performance and student activities by using a project_based learning model that is applied during the implementation of learning by using observation sheets. This shows that from the first meeting to the end of four meetings the teacher's performance from 70% to 100% and student activity from 60% to 100%. The conclusion in this study is that students' high-level thinking in social studies can be improved by implementing a project based learning model for class VB students at SDN.
The Effect of Snowball Throwing Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes in Civic Education Subjects Class IV Elementary School
Authors: Ningrum Fitri Oktavia , Sanusi Ja'far
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the snowball throwing learning model on student learning outcomes in the civics class IV at Elementary School. The method that the researchers used was a quasi-experimental method with the design of the nonequivalent control group design. The data collection technique in this study used observation, interviews and tests, the test used was an enrichment sheet. With the data analysis techniques used in this study are validity test, reliability test, difficulty level test, question differentiator test, normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis test. Based on the hypothesis test in this study using the independent sample t test or what is known as the unpaired t test using post test data, namely the Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05, it can be interpreted that the Independent Sample T-Test can be said that the H0 is rejected, which means that there is an influence of the snowball throwing learning model on student learning outcomes in the subject of Ppkn grade IV at Elementary School.
Sufistic Preaching: a Means of Catharsis for a Psychological Problem
Authors: Matin Usep Abdul , Kusumawati Yasmin
Published: February 2023

In his published M.A. thesis, Dakwah Sufistik Kang Jalal Menentramkan Jiwa, Mencerahkan Pikiran (Sufistic/Islamic-Mystical-Dimension Preaching of Mr. Jalal Pacifies the Soul and Enlightens the Mind), Rosyidi does not mention explicitly his key question, his argument, and his hypothesis. However, I grasp them from my reading of this published thesis.
The Origin of Religious Tolerance and the Application of Pancasila
Authors: Brehm Wolfgang
Published: February 2023

The main purpose of this article is to denote the historical fact that Piagam Jakarta does not only instruct the state to apply the Sharia for the Muslim population but it also softens the binding force of the Sharia by obligating the state to harmonize the requirements of Sharia with the comprehensive understanding of Pancasila in its entirety. The research finding: the historical fact indicates that the consent of the representatives of the Muslim group in Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI) as well as in Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI) is to the abandonment of the Islamic Clause (klausula tentang Islam). They called for the deletion of any reference to Islam. Hence, for this research, it can be concluded that the Islamic Clause does not present a counter-draft but forms a preliminary stage of Pancasila and its first sila. This conclusion is also strengthened by linguistic rules referring to the word “Ketuhanan” abstaining from making any statement about the attitude of people towards God. Therefore, replacement of the Islamic Clause with the term “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa” has removed any boundary which would have been established by any religious doctrines against the inclusion of citizens with equal rights and has opened the way for Indonesia to implement the universal human rights to their full extend. The research is done through socio-legal approach. It sees historical data from socio-legal perspectives.
POKOK-POKOK PIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN PERTANIAN DI ERA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
Authors: Haryanto Yoyon , Helmi Zahron
Published: February 2023

AbstractAgriculture which is a potential sector needs to be developed and supported by adequate human resources. One of them is through the role of education so that the human resources produced by formal education are able to become business actors in the agricultural sector (off farm) and be able to become main actors / farmers (on farm). Seeing this, there is a huge opportunity for the Ministry of Agriculture through The Agricultural Human Resource Extension and Development Agency (BPPSDMP) encourages educational institutions that are owned with a vocational education pattern that further emphasizes their abilities and skills because almost 70% of the education base is practice and 30% is theory, to contribute to alumni taking part further in the broader field of agriculture in Indonesia. Especially one of them is to be an alternative to motivate the interest of the younger generation in the business sector in the agricultural sector. However, the presence of the era of information technology is a challenge in itself to combine agriculture, educational expectations and information technology itself. The era of Information Technology must be used as a means to maintain and improve the quality and quantity of agricultural human resources. Information technology must be adapted and utilized more optimally. These studies and thoughts are an alternative in welcoming the regeneration of agriculture that is more competitive, professional and has a strong agricultural character.Keywords: agriculture; education; information TechnologyAbstrakPertanian yang merupakan sektor potensial perlu dikembangkan dan didukung oleh sumber daya manusia yang memadai. Salah satunya melalui peran pendidikan agar sumber daya manusia yang dihasilkan oleh pendidikan formal tersebut mampu menjadi pelaku usaha di bidang pertanian (off farm) dan mampu menjadi pelaku utama/petani (on farm).Melihat hal tersebut terbuka peluang yang sangat besar untuk Kementerian Pertanian melalui Badan Penyuluhan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Pertanian (BPPSDMP) mendorong lembaga pendidikan yang dimiliki dengan pola pendidikan vokasi yang lebih menonjolkan kemampuan dan keterampilan karena basis pendidikan yang hampir 70% adalah praktik dan 30%nya lagi adalah teori, untuk memberikan sumbangan alumni-alumninya berkiprah lebih jauh dalam bidang pertanian secara luas di Indonesia. Terutama salah satunya adalah menjadi alternatif penggerak minat generasi muda pada bidang usaha di sektor pertanian. Namun, hadirnya era teknologi informasi menjadi tantangan tersendiri untuk memadukan antara pertanian, harapan pendidikan dan teknologi informasi itu sendiri.Era Teknologi Informasi harus dijadikan sarana untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas SDM Pertanian. Teknologi Informasi harus diadaptasi, dimanfaatkan lebih optimal. Telaahan dan pemikiran ini menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam menyongsong regenerasi pertanian lebih berdaya saing, profesional dan memiliki karakter pertanian yang kuat.Kata kunci: pertanian; pendidikan; teknologi informasi
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA DESA KARANGSONG, INDRAMAYU, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Arwani Zuyin
Published: February 2023

AbstractProgram community priorities mono years entitled “empowerment of community groups the Karangsong, Indramayu Regency in order to Increase the area of Mangrove Ecotourism is more better” is a program with the aim to improve the competitiveness of mangrove ecotourism in Karangsong to be worldwide. Involving the community in the management is a good step to increase the standard of living of the community of the village of Karangsong. Currently the team’s been doing year mono PPMP coordination between sustainable and office of coast of the CTF in Indramayu Regency. This coordination meetings discuss the activities that will be undertaken by a joint team of community and sustainable Beach, for doing pendapingan in the process of improving the competitiveness of mangrove ecotourism in Karangsong. The methods used to socializing and focus group discussion (FGD). The result of this socialization of society know the importance of mangrove ecosystems are maintained and the concept of ekoturisme can be done with the rule correctly, and create new attractions namely the program see the bird with a binocular. Concept of empowerment of the community need to be improved so that the group manager can be preserved more of the beach and the ecotourism mangrove can be better maintained and clean and can increase the arrival of tourists.Keywords: community empowerment; mangrove ecosystems; ecotourismAbstrakProgram Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Prioritas mono tahun dengan judul “Pemberdayaan Kelompok Masyarakat Karangsong, Kabupaten Indramayu Guna Meningkatkan Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Lebih Baik” adalah program dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan daya saing ekowisata mangrove di Karangsong agar bisa mendunia. Melibatkan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan merupakan langkah yang baik untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat desa Karangsong. Saat ini tim PPMP mono tahun sudah melakukan koordinasi antara kelompok pantai lestari dan Dinas KKP di Kabupaten Indramayu. Pertemuan koordinasi ini membahas kegiatan yang akan dilakukan oleh tim bersama masyarakat dan kelompok pantai lestari, guna untuk dilakukannya pendapingan dalam proses peningkatan daya saing ekowisata mangrove di Karangsong. Metode yang digunakan sosialisasi dan fokus group diskusi (FGD). Hasil dari sosialisasi ini masyarakat tahu pentingnya ekosistem mangrove dijaga dan konsep ekoturisme dapat dilakukan dengan cara yang tepat, dan membuat aktraksi baru yaitu program melihat burung dengan binocular. Konsep pemberdayaan dari masyarakat perlu ditingkatkan agar kelompok pengelola pantai lestari bisa lebih banyak, dan kawasan ekowisata mangrove dapat terjaga lebih baik dan bersih dan bisa meningkatkan kedatangan wisatawan. Kata kunci: pemberdayaan masyarakat; ekosistem mangrove; ekoturismeDOI-
O anonimowym XVII-wiecznym hymnie do Matki Bożej i jego przekładzie. Inspiracje, loci theologici, poetyka, funkcja przekazu
Authors: Janus Katarzyna
Published: February 2023

Artykuł prezentuje nieznany hymn maryjny, stworzony w XVII wieku. Utwór został najpewniej napisany po łacinie i przetłumaczony na język polski. W tekście przeprowadzono filologiczną eksplikację utworu, w której zostały uwzględnione konteksty teologiczne i kulturowe. Zwrócono uwagę na świadomy zabieg średniowiecznej stylizacji hymnu. Skoncentrowano się także na wyjaśnieniu funkcji środków obrazowania poetyckiego służących opisaniu postaci Maryi i Jej roli w historii zbawienia. Wskazano inspiracje autora, jego dialog z tradycją i intertekstualne odniesienia hymnu.
Współczesny człowiek modlitwy w kontekście kryzysu antropologicznego
Authors: Tatar Marek
Published: February 2023

Jednym z przejawów współczesnego kryzysu człowieka jest modlitwa. Publikacja podejmuje tę problematykę w kontekście wyzwań cywilizacyjnych. Posługując się metodą analityczną, wskazuje na genotypiczne i fenotypiczne fundamenty modlitwy. Kluczowe jest doświadczenie wynikające z Pisma Świętego, które jest modlitewno-uświęcającym dialogiem. Punktem szczytowym tego procesu jest osoba Jezusa Chry-stusa. W tym kontekście konieczne jest zauważenie i sprecyzowanie współczesnych wyzwań, które są wielowarstwowe oraz wieloaspektowe. Cywilizacyjny postęp, który znalazł się w centrum współczesnej egzystencji wraz z narastającą apostazją, postawił człowieka w centrum wszechświata. To spowodowało potężne zachwianie antropologiczno-tożsamościowe. Analiza wskazuje, że odniesienie do Boga jako Prawdy w modlitewnym dialogu interpersonalnym, może prowadzić do odzyskania przez człowieka jego tożsamości.
Diecezja kamieniecka w świetle schematyzmu na 1831 rok (3). Duchowieństwo
Authors: Szczepaniak Jan
Published: February 2023

The diagram for the Kamieniec diocese published in 1831 presents the condition of the diocese in the fall of 1830, i.e. before the November Uprising. Describing the state of the diocese at that time shows us the situation before the tsarist repressions, which completely changed the situation of the Catholic Church of both rites in the Russian Empire. The previous articles presented the organizational status of the diocese, in the present clergy. The editors of schematics included priests incardinated in the diocese. They did not provide the names of the monks who managed the parishes run by the religious churches. At the end of 1830, 145 priests belonged to the chancel of the Kamieniec diocese, 133 of whom (91.7%) were directly involved in the ministry. The largest groups of the clergy were parish administrators (presbyteries and administrators), as well as vicars and chaplains. The first group consisted of 67 people (46.2% of all priests), and the second one – 51 (35.2% of all priests). Most of the clergy were under 50 years of age. They came from their diocese and were educated in secondary schools and seminaries in Podolia and the neighboring lands. With few exceptions, they belonged to the nobility and were Poles.
Społeczeństwo ukraińskie i I sekretarz KC Komunistycznej Partii Ukrainy Petro Szełest w czasie kryzysu sowiecko-czechosłowackiego w 1968 r.
Authors: Jarosz Jan
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the protests of Ukrainian society against the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 by the Soviet Army and satellite states and the role of Petr Sheloest in the events of that time. The article presents the following as­pects of this issue: Prague Spring, or reforms of the political and economic system in Czechoslovakia; the situation of Ukrainian society after the destruction of the shistdesiannyk movement and the arrest of many intellectuals by the KGB; interest in and support for reforms in Czechoslovakia and various forms of opposition and protests against the inva­sion. Petro Szełest, the First Secretary of the Central Com­mittee of the KPU, was concerned about the impact of the freedom ideas of the Prague Spring on Ukraine. However, he believed that the Prague Spring could be liquidated by the so-called “Healthy forces” in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and military intervention is the last resort. Petro Szełest knew the mood of Ukrainian society and the situation in the local committees of the KPU, where they spoke out against the invasion. As the opinion of Ukrainian soci­ety was not expressed in the resolutions of “working people” against “Czechoslovak revisionists”, referred to by Petro Szełest and adopted under pressure, it was expressed in in critical statements, massive purchases of food and basic necessities, as well as inscriptions on walls and leaflets condemning the Kremlin's policy towards Czechoslovakia. The issues presented in the article are not mentioned in Ukrainian history textbooks.
Русский патриот в Варшаве: об одной рукописи Николая Ивановича Павлищева
Authors: Arzhakova Larisa
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on the successful Russian official in the Kingdom of Poland, Nikolai Pavlishchev, primarily known as the husband of Olga Sergeevna, Alexander’ Pushkin’s sister, as well as the manuscript of his monograph on the Warsaw Society of Science Lovers (1800–1832). The manuscript is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, so the article contains voluminous fragments of the text of the manuscript, which allows us to get an idea of how Pavlishchev assessed the activities of the Society, how he perceived the Poles and the level of Russian-Polish relations.
Kilka uwag na temat śródziemnomorskiej działalności korsarskiej i pirackiej u progu czasów nowożytnych
Authors: Gąsiorczyk Paweł Karol
Published: February 2023

Piracy has always been an integral part of the trade. The situation was similar in the waters of the Mediterranean Sea at the beginning of modern times, where merchants somehow turned into pirates and the state reached for the help of corsairs in order to implement their policies. Vast spaces, as well as a varied coastline, meant that piracy and corsairing became a permanent element of the reality of the time. At the end of the Middle Ages, Venice, Genoa and Aragon had the largest fleets. From the end of the 15th century, the Turks also began their adventure with the Mediterranean Sea, and within several decades their fleet became one of the most powerful. In their activities, they reached for the help of pirates, or rather Berber corsairs, who became the terror of the Mediterranean.
История Лунинецкого местного самоуправления. 1842–1939 гг. – часть 2
Authors: Janoczkin Światosław
Published: February 2023

A local government is an association of persons of public law, based on community of interests of residents of a territory determined as units of the administrative and territorial division. It is regulated and administered by organs chosen by residents on their own territory, under control of suitable government organs within the framework of authorizations determined in state law. It acts in its own name, on its own territory and on its own responsibility. It possesses assets and budget, earnings and expenses. The author of the elaboration set the task of examining of the formation and functioning of local government structures on the example of one region and the city of today’s Belarus – Łuniniec. In compliance with the announcement presented in the first number in 2021 of our periodical, we give the second part of history of Łuniniec local government (1842–1939) to your hands. There are presented following issues: history of the local government on area of Łuniniec district, in the interwar period, the administrative and territorial devision and population of Łuniniec area within the period of the Second Polish Republic; the creation and organization of the local government in Poleskie voivodeship in 1919–1926 and its structure, the authorities of the city in 1919–1926 and finance which the local government had at its disposal in 1919–1926.
Profesor Edward Ostrowski (1816‒1859) – twórca weterynarii polskiej: życiorys oczami współczesnego
Authors: Kibkało Dmytro , Żwanko Lubow
Published: February 2023

In the offered article the authors present an extensive biography of Professor Edward Ostrowski (1816–1859) for the first time. His contemporaries had already called him the founder of Polish veterinary medicine. After analyzing the available historiography they came to the conclusion that due to the lack of sources, the scientist’s biography is only a set of short articles on the pages of different dictionaries. Therefore, an extremely valuable historical source is the article by Alois Kuczynski which was published in the pages of “Tygodnik Ilustrowany” in 1860. The quotations from his work used in the research allowed to strengthen the authors’ theses substantially and create a complete image of a scientist and a teacher in whose destiny Poland and Ukraine were united.