bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osmanlı Döneminde Açılan İran Okulları ve İranlıların Eğitimi (1883-1912)
Authors: Azap Eralp Yaşar
Published: January 2024

Osmanlı ve İran arasında XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren gelişen iyi ilişkilerle beraber diplomatik temsilciliklerin açılması, iki devletin birçok açıdan birbiriyle yakınlaşmasına zemin hazırladı. Bu durumu değerlendiren İranlı tüccarların İstanbul başta olmak üzere Osmanlı Devleti’nin vilayetlerinde giriştiği ticari faaliyetler ve İstanbul’da yaşayan İranlı aydınların yayın faaliyetleri, Osmanlı’da yaşayan İranlı sayısının da artmasına yol açtı. Aileleriyle Osmanlı topraklarına göç eden ve nüfusları artan İranlı tüccarlar ile aydınlar, çocuklarını eğitim alabilecekleri okullara gönderme ihtiyacı duydular. Bu zümre, büyük oranda kendi imkânları ve İran’ın desteğiyle 1883 ve 1912 yılında İstanbul, 1885 yılında Trabzon, 1909 yılında Kazımiye ve 1912 yılında Kerbela’da devletin izniyle yabancı okul statüsünde okullar açtı. Ayrıca açılış yılı net olarak tespit edilemese de İzmir’de de bir İran okulunun faaliyet yürüttüğü bilinmekteydi. Zikredilen okullardan mezun olan İranlılar, Osmanlı Devleti içerisinde eğitimlerine üst kademelerde devam edebilecekleri bir İran okulu olmaması dolayısıyla devlete ait okullara başvurarak orta, lise ve yüksekokul seviyesinde de eğitim aldılar. Bu duruma daha sonra, Osmanlı topraklarında yaşamayan ancak Osmanlı’da eğitim almak isteyen İranlılar da eklendi. Eğitimlerini tamamlayan İranlılar daha sonra, Osmanlı Devleti’nin çeşitli kurumlarında mesleklerine göre istihdam edildi. Bir kısmı da ülkelerine dönerek orada çalışma imkânı elde etti. Çalışmanın amacı, XIX. ve XX. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nde İranlıların açtığı okulları, bu okulların idari yapılarını, eğitim faaliyetlerini ve Osmanlı okullarında okuyan İranlıların hangi okullarda eğitim gördüklerini ortaya koymaktır.
İzmir-Yeşilova Höyüğü ve Geç Neolitik Dönem’de Kıyı Ege Mimarisi
Authors: Derin Zafer
Published: January 2024

Bornova Ovası’nın ortasında, Yeşilova Höyüğü kazı çalışmalarıyla birlikte Yassıtepe Höyüğü ve İpeklikuyu Höyüğü’nü de kapsayan, yaklaşık 1200 metre çapındaki alanda ‘İzmir’in Prehistorik Yerleşim Alanı’ ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Yaklaşık 70 bin metrekareden fazla bir alana yayılan Yeşilova Höyüğü’nde ilk yerleşimin günümüzden en az 8500 yıl önce Neolitik Çağ’ın başında başlamış olduğu, Neolitik Dönem’den Roma Dönemi’ne kadar birçok kültürün yaşadığı kazı çalışmaları sonucu ortaya konulmaktadır. Höyükteki ilk yerleşime ait kalıntı ve buluntular, bugünkü ova seviyesinin yaklaşık 4-5 metre altında killi ana toprağın üzerinde yer almaktadır. Yerleşimin kültür dolgusu ise yaklaşık 3-3,5 metredir. Kültür dolgusu 4 kültür katından oluşmaktadır. Kültür katları, yüzeyden başlayarak; I. Kat Roma Dönemi, II. Kat Tunç Çağ, III. Kat Kalkolitik Çağ (1-2 Tabakaları) ve IV. Kat Neolitik Çağ (1a,b,c-8 Tabakaları) olarak saptanmıştır. Dört kültür katında gelişim gösteren höyük genellikle tahribatlardan sonra yeniden inşa edildikleri anlaşılan 15 mimari kata sahiptir.

Yeşilova Höyüğü’nde Neolitik Çağ’ın başında başlayan yerleşim, Neolitik Çağ’ın sonuna doğru en zengin dönemine ulaşmıştır. Neolitik yerleşimin MÖ 6000-5700 yılları arasındaki son dönemini temsil eden, kalıntılarıyla en çok verinin elde edildiği yerleşim katlarında, birbirlerinden ayrı inşa edilen mekânlarda genellikle gündelik yaşama ilişkin işlikler ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Yeşilova Höyüğü Geç Neolitik Dönem mimarisi Kıyı Ege kültürlerine özgü niteliklere sahiptir. Mimari özellikler ve plan bakımından İç Batı Anadolu’dan farklıdır.
Demir Çağı Kappadokia’sında İlk Tapınak: Oluz Höyük İbadethane ve Ateşgedesi
Authors: Dönmez Şevket , Saba Mona
Published: January 2024

Amasya ili sınırları içinde, şehir merkezine yirmi beş kilometre mesafede yer alan Oluz Höyük’te 2007 yılından beri sürmekte olan kazı çalışmaları Kalkolitik Dönem’den Orta Çağ’a kadar buluntu veren bu önemli merkezin dinsel bir yapılanma içinde olduğunu gözler önüne sermektedir. Hitit Büyük Krallığı’nın çöküş dönemine tanıklık eden tabakalarda ele geçen dini ayinlere ait deliller, Phryg Dönemi yerleşiminin merkezini teşkil eden Kubaba Sunağı erken dönemlere ait dinî bulguları oluştururken, Oluz Höyük’ün önemli dinî bir merkez olarak ortaya çıkışı Anadolu’nun Akhamenid (Pers) İmparatorluğu egemenliğine girdiği döneme rastlamaktadır.

Oluz Höyük’te, 2B Mimari Tabakasında (MÖ 450-300) ele geçen, Akhamenid (Pers) Dönemi’ne tarihlenen önemli ve eşsiz arkeolojik bulgular, Pers kökenli olup kutsal ateşe tek tapınım noktası olarak saygı gösteren ve arkaik monoteizme işaret eden bir zümrenin yerleşmiş olduğuna kanıt teşkil etmektedir. Bu makale, mimari kanıtları, kutsal ateşin yandığı Ateşgede ve inananların ritüellerini, mekân ve işlevdeki ortak ilişkilerini yerine getirdikleri ibadethane birlikteliğinde tartışmaktadır. Basit ve gösterişsiz mimariye sahip bir Ateşgede ve onunla fiziki bağlantısı olmasa da konumsal ilişkisi bulunan bir İbadethane yapısının varlığı, sonraki dönemlerde Hıristiyanlık ve İslamiyet gibi tek tanrılı dinlerde ortak nokta olacak bir toplanma mekânında cemaat oluşturulması fikrinin ortaya çıkışı ile ilgili olmalıdır. Bu durumu dini pratiklerin tapınak mekânına etkisi olarak da açıklayabiliriz. Bu yeni dini mimari Demir Çağı’nda yeni bir inanç sistemi ile birlikte Anadolu coğrafyasında ortaya çıkmıştır. Oluz Höyük 2B Mimari Tabakası tapınağı ile birlikte Perslerde ve Anadolu’da kutsal yapı kavramının başlamış olduğu düşünülebilir. Oluz Höyük 2B Mimari Tabakasında bahsi geçen bu zümre tarafından hayata geçirilmiş Kutsal Alan, İbadethane ve bu yapıları bir araya getiren Pers Yolu makalenin konusunu oluşturmaktadır.
Review Paper for Nutrients in food
Authors: Hassan Yasemin Ahmed , Ercoşkun Hüdayi
Published: January 2024

The diet exerts a substantial influence on chronic illnesses and overall well-being. Addressing food-related behaviors will enable individuals to manage these conditions effectively. Enhancing health by making changes to one's diet through modification and fortification, introducing novel food options, and including essential nutrients. Enriched and utilitarian food products, supplements, and health-promoting substances Fortified meals and functional foods are designed to augment the nutritional requirements of individuals. Some meals, like morning cereals, are regularly enriched with vitamins and minerals, and there is a growing variety of foods that are enhanced with specific functions and claimed to provide health benefits. Nutraceuticals, also known as nutriceuticals, are naturally occurring bioactive chemicals that possess qualities that promote health or prevent diseases. The study investigated the correlation between nutrition and its influence on human well-being. It provided evidence that diet plays a significant role as an environmental component in the development of many chronic illnesses. Quantifying the precise magnitude of this impact is challenging, however, there has been a notable 35% decrease in the occurrence of Cancer among different age groups in the United States. The states have been proposed to be attainable using "feasible dietary methods". The potential to produce significant societal and economic benefits via the identification and utilization of health-promoting elements in foods is evident. Spectrum Population Capable The extent to which one can profit from this study will hinge upon how The data is utilized by scientists, the food business, and policy officials.
Management In A New Perspective (In Comparative Study Literature)
Authors: W. Retno Wiratih Hernawati , Havidz Aima M. , Santowijaya Alfadli , Harun Hermanto , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Management Science has been in existence and evolving for about 3,000 years, spanning three distinct eras: prehistoric, historical, and modern. It's evident that knowledge of management is an integral part of human existence. In this article, we aim to introduce a novel perspective on Management, emphasizing the idea that effective management begins with self-mastery before extending to external management endeavors. The approach taken in this article involves merging established management theories with principles from the Alqur'an, Hadith, and works like "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People," "Maximum Achievement," and "Kubik Leadership." Management, in essence, is defined as the art of collaborating with people and utilizing organizational resources to accomplish predefined objectives. In simpler words, it's about employing resources to achieve set goals through effective interactions with people. Islamic teachings emphasize two main purposes for human creation: worshiping the Creator and acting as stewards or natural managers (others management). When fulfilling the role of steward or nature manager, Islamic teachings stress the significance of self-management as a foundation for behavior. This concept is mirrored in the principle of sidiq (fairness), which forms a trust-building self-mirror, ultimately leading to self-growth. The Seven Habits, as presented by Covey, provide guidelines for high effectiveness, emphasizing the importance of personal mastery. Conclusion of this article emphasizing before managing external aspects of one's life and environment through established management theories, it is essential to begin by nurturing oneself. This process involves drawing inspiration from the teachings of the Alqur'an and Hadith, as well as other referenced literature mentioned within this article.
Optimization of Waiting Time for Coal Loading and Unloading Activities to Ships at PT Andhini Samudera Jaya Bunati Branch
Authors: Syfaa Ussalam Muhammad , Bagaskoro Bagaskoro , Wulandari RR Retno Sawitri
Published: January 2024

Coal is one of the fossil materials used as fuel for power generation. The miningindustry, especially coal in Indonesia, has an important role for the state, especially as a source of state revenue that is able to support the country's economic growth. One of the areas in Indonesia that is a coal-producing area is Laut Island, South Kalimantan. The results of coal mining in the South Kalimantan area are mostly exported abroad. The mode of transportation chosen as a means of transporting coal is a mode of sea transportation that can load large quantities of cargo. Coal loading activities can be carried out if the loading room (ship hatch), cargo (coal) and loading equipment (floating crane) are ready to carry out loading and unloading activities. After the ship docks at the loading point, the captain will send a NOR (Notice of Readiness) to all charter parties indicating that the ship is ready to carry out loading/unloading activities. However, the number of ships that come and will load coal with the amount of loading and unloading equipment available is not comparable. This causes waiting time, so that the implementation of loading coal to large ships is not effective because too much time is wasted. Over time, ship service providers are growing and competing to provide effective, efficient and satisfying services for service users. Both for domestic and foreign service users.
Effect of Manual System in Handling Documents Clearance in and Out Ship Service, Loading and Unloading Ship agency by PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Sangkulirang branch, East Kalimantan
Authors: Dormawaty Roma , Toras Siregar Ganda , Patria Nur
Published: January 2024

Bulk ship handling activities cannot be separated from the ship handling service plan, namely the arrival and departure of ships. Before the process of arrival and departure of the ship, several activities are carried out which are determined in advance by the shipping company together with the port manager and must be conveyed to the ship's side. The loading and unloading of ships coming and going, loading and unloading coal, requesting ship needs, handling clearance in and clearance out documents through Syahbandar manually whose service hours are limited, starting from 8 o'clock to 10 pm due to the shahbandar class which is still classified as KUPP class III, and also greatly limiting the movement and service of the ship service served. The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence the management of clearance documents in and out becomes longer, limited operating hours and delays in the loading and unloading process of ships, which are agentized by PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Sangkulirang Branch, East Kalimantan. The approach method used is a descriptive quantitative method, while the data collection technique uses questionnaires, documentation, observations, and literature studies so that the influence / not between the manual clearance in and out system can be found on the service of the ship being inundated. The results of this study show that there is an influence between the manual clearance in and out system on the service of the ship being inundated.
The Effect of Spare Part Procurement and Inventory on the Smooth Operation of Floatingcrane Vessels at PT MUTIARA JAWA
Authors: Hidayat Arif , Nela Rizki Aszahra Kuni , Sulistyo Didik
Published: January 2024

PT Mutiara Jawa is engaged in transshipment which handles loading and unloading of coal. So that the timeliness of unloading must be considered because the company must have special attention to these activities to prioritize its efforts in providing quality loading and unloading services. Based on the data, the problems that exist discuss the procurement and supply of ship spare parts for ship operations. The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence and relationship the procurement of spare parts has on the smooth operational activities of floating crane vessels. In this study found the results of data from the influence and relationship of spare part procurement to the smooth operation of floating crane vessels.
Primary School Teachers’ Perspective on Stress Triggers: A South African Case Study
Authors: Nomtshongwana Thanduxolo Albert , Buka Andrea Mqondiso
Published: January 2024

This paper sought to establish teachers’ perspectives on the daily stress triggers they face in primary schools in Chris Hani East District in South Africa. Regardless of gender, wealth, or surroundings, stress is a universal phenomenon that impacts everyone. Although this occurrence has been extensively studied, teachers’ stress experiences continue to pose a serious threat, especially to the efficacy of schools. In South African classrooms, rationalization and the high teacher-to-learner ratio are just two of the problems teachers encounter. Schools must develop more effective intervention initiatives that can help instructors manage their stress. With a survey-only design, a quantitative study technique was used. One hundred schools were chosen randomly. Utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, data was examined. (SPSS). The findings of this study indicated that the demotivation of teachers which triggers stress levels in schools is due to the lack of promotion, poor rationalisation process and lack of motivation from management. It is recommended that school managers must come up with better strategies to motivate teachers and the Department of Education must intervene with programmes that can help teachers deal with stress. This article contributes to the discourse on employee welfare in the educational space.

Keywords: Teacher Stress Triggers, Professional Development, Stress Management, Intervention Strategies.
Large-scale Effect of an Accretion Burst in the High-Mass Young Stellar Object G358.93-0.03-MM1
Authors: Miao Dan , Chen Xi , Bayandina Olga S. , Sobolev Andrej M. , Li Wan-jun , Sugiyama Koichiro
Published: January 2024

The high-mass young stellar object G358.93-0.03-MM1 underwent a rapid accretion burst event from 2019 January to June, resulting in flares observed in most class II methanol maser transitions starting in mid-January. In contrast, the 22.235 GHz water maser flare started in mid-April. To investigate the physical origin of this significant difference, we made the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations toward the G358.93-0.03 region on 2019 March 23 and April 4 and obtained the intensity and spatial distribution images of the water maser as well as the continuum emissions at Ku and K bands on the epoch close to the water maser flare. A comparative analysis, incorporating previously reported detections in February (pre-water maser flare) and June (post-water maser flare), reveals the time lag between the accretion burst and water maser flare. These observations confirm the variations of the propagation speed of a heatwave induced by the accretion burst in different directions: the heatwave is decelerated in dense regions (e.g., the disk and jet), whereas in directions from G358-MM1 to water maser components, the heatwave speed is supposed to be close to the speed of light. Variations in flux density and spatial positions were detected for water masers and continuum emissions, indicating that the accretion burst event originating from G358-MM1 affects not only the immediate environment within a dense structure of 0.″2 (1400 au at a source distance of 6.75 kpc) around MM1 itself, but also exerts influence on broader-scale regions extending up to approximately 3″ (21,000 au).
The Dependence of the Structure of Planet-opened Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks on Radiative Cooling
Authors: Zhang Minghao , Huang Pinghui , Dong Ruobing
Published: January 2024

Planets can excite density waves and open annular gas gaps in protoplanetary disks. The depth of gaps is influenced by the evolving angular momentum carried by density waves. While the impact of radiative cooling on the evolution of density waves has been studied, a quantitative correlation to connect gap depth with the cooling timescale is lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we employ the grid-based code Athena++ to simulate disk-planet interactions, treating cooling as a thermal relaxation process. We establish quantitative dependencies of steady-state gap depth (Equation 36) and width (Equation 41) on planetary mass, Shakura–Sunyaev viscosity, disk scale height, and thermal relaxation timescale (β). We confirm previous results that gap opening is the weakest when the thermal relaxation timescale is comparable to the local dynamical timescale. Significant variations in gap depth, up to an order of magnitude, are found with different β. In terms of width, a gap is at its narrowest around β = 1, approximately 10%–20% narrower compared to the isothermal case. When β ∼ 100, it can be ∼20% wider, and higher viscosity enhances this effect. We derive possible masses of the gas gap-opening planets in AS 209, HD 163296, MWC 480, and HL Tau, accounting for the uncertainties in the local thermal relaxation timescale.
MAMMOTH-Subaru. III. Lyα Halo Identified by Stacking ∼3300 Lyα Emitters at z = 2.2–2.3
Authors: Zhang Haibin , Cai Zheng , Liang Yongming , Ma Ke , Kashikawa Nobunari , Li Mingyu , Wu Yunjing , Li Qiong , Johnson Sean D. , Ouchi Masami , Fan Xiaohui
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present a Lyα halo (LAH) identified by stacking ∼3300 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 2.2–2.3. We carry out imaging observations and data reduction with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam. Our total survey area is ∼12 deg2 and the imaging depths are 25.5–27.0 mag. Using the imaging data, we select 1240 and 2101 LAE candidates at z = 2.2 and 2.3, respectively. We carry out spectroscopic observations of our LAE candidates and data reduction with Magellan/IMACS to estimate the contamination rate of our LAE candidates. We find that the contamination rate of our sample is low (8%). We stack our LAE candidates with a median stacking method to identify the LAH at z = 2. We show that our LAH is detected until ∼100 kpc at the 2σ significance level and likely extended to ∼200 kpc at a surface brightness level of ∼10−20 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2. Compared to those of previous studies, our LAH is brighter at radii of ∼25–100 kpc, which is not likely caused by the contamination in our sample but by the different redshifts, fields, and selection methods instead. To investigate how central galaxies affect surrounding LAHs, we divide our LAEs into subsamples based on the Lyα luminosity (L
Lyα
), rest-frame Lyα equivalent width (EW0), and UV magnitude (M
uv). We stack the subsamples and find that higher L
Lyα
, smaller EW0, and brighter M
uv cause more extended halos. Our results suggest that more massive LAEs generally have more extended LAHs.
JADES: Resolving the Stellar Component and Filamentary Overdense Environment of Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-dark Submillimeter Galaxy HDF850.1 at z = 5.18
Authors: Sun Fengwu , Helton Jakob M. , Egami Eiichi , Hainline Kevin N. , Rieke George H. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Johnson Benjamin D. , Rieke Marcia J. , Robertson Brant , Tacchella Sandro , Alberts Stacey , Baker William M. , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Boyett Kristan , Bunker Andrew J. , Charlot Stephane , Chen Zuyi , Chevallard Jacopo , Curtis-Lake Emma , Danhaive A. Lola , DeCoursey Christa , Ji Zhiyuan , Lyu Jianwei , Maiolino Roberto , Rujopakarn Wiphu , Sandles Lester , Shivaei Irene , Übler Hannah , Willott Chris , Witstok Joris
Published: January 2024

HDF850.1 is the brightest submillimeter galaxy (SMG) in the Hubble Deep Field. It is known as a heavily dust-obscured star-forming galaxy embedded in an overdense environment at z = 5.18. With nine-band NIRCam images at 0.8–5.0 μm obtained through the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, we detect and resolve the rest-frame UV–optical counterpart of HDF850.1, which splits into two components because of heavy dust obscuration in the center. The southern component leaks UV and Hα photons, bringing the galaxy ∼100 times above the empirical relation between infrared excess and UV continuum slope (IRX–β
UV). The northern component is higher in dust attenuation and thus fainter in UV and Hα surface brightness. We construct a spatially resolved dust-attenuation map from the NIRCam images, well matched with the dust continuum emission obtained through millimeter interferometry. The whole system hosts a stellar mass of 1010.8±0.1
M
⊙ and star formation rate (SFR) of 102.8±0.2
M
⊙ yr−1, placing the galaxy at the massive end of the star-forming main sequence at this epoch. We further confirm that HDF850.1 resides in a complex overdense environment at z = 5.17–5.30, which hosts another luminous SMG at z = 5.30 (GN10). The filamentary structures of the overdensity are characterized by 109 Hα-emitting galaxies confirmed through NIRCam slitless spectroscopy at 3.9–5 μm, of which only eight were known before the JWST observations. Given the existence of a similar galaxy overdensity in the GOODS-S field, our results suggest that 50% ± 20% of the cosmic star formation at z = 5.1–5.5 occur in protocluster environments.
A Direct Comparison between the Use of Double Gray and Multiwavelength Radiative Transfer in a General Circulation Model with and without Radiatively Active Clouds
Authors: Malsky Isaac , Rauscher Emily , Roman Michael T. , Lee Elspeth K. H. , Beltz Hayley , Savel Arjun , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Cinque L.
Published: January 2024

Inhomogeneous cloud formation and wavelength-dependent phenomena are expected to shape hot Jupiter atmospheres. We present a general circulation model with multiwavelength “picket fence” radiative transfer and radiatively active, temperature-dependent clouds, and compare the results to those of a double gray routine. The double gray method inherently fails to model polychromatic effects in hot Jupiter atmospheres, while picket fence captures these non-gray aspects and performs well compared to fully wavelength-dependent methods. We compare both methods with radiatively active clouds and cloud-free models, assessing the limitations of the double gray method. Although there are broad similarities, the picket fence models have larger dayside–nightside temperature differences, nonisothermal upper atmospheres, and multiwavelength effects in the presence of radiatively active clouds. We model the well-known hot Jupiters HD 189733 b and HD 209458 b. For the hotter HD 209458 b, the picket fence method prevents clouds from thermostating dayside temperatures, resulting in hotter upper atmospheres and the dissipation of dayside clouds. Differences in the temperature structures are then associated with nuanced differences in the circulation patterns and clouds. Models of the cooler HD 189733 b have global cloud coverage, regardless of the radiative transfer scheme, whereas there are larger differences in the models of HD 209458 b, particularly in the extent of the partial cloud coverage on its dayside. This results in minor changes to the thermal and reflected light phase curves of HD 189733 b, but more significant differences for the picket fence and double gray versions of HD 209458 b.
Simulating Hydrogen-poor Interaction-powered Supernovae with CHIPS
Authors: Takei Yuki , Tsuna Daichi , Ko Takatoshi , Shigeyama Toshikazu
Published: January 2024

We present the updated open-source code Complete History of Interaction-Powered Supernovae (CHIPS) that can be applied to modeling supernovae (SNe) arising from an interaction with the massive circumstellar medium (CSM) as well as the formation process of the CSM. Our update mainly concerns extensions to hydrogen-poor SNe from stripped progenitors, targeting the modeling of interaction-powered SNe Ibc, such as Type Ibn and Icn SNe. We successfully reproduce the basic properties of the light curves of these types of SNe that occur after the partial eruption of the outermost layer with a mass of 0.01–0.1 M
⊙ at ≲1 year before explosion. We also find that the luminosity of the observed precursors can be naturally explained by the outburst that creates the dense CSM, given that the energy of the outburst is efficiently dissipated by collision with an external material, possibly generated by a previous mass eruption. We discuss possible scenarios causing eruptive mass loss based on our results.
Constraints on Solar Wind Density and Velocity Based on Coronal Tomography and Parker Solar Probe Measurements
Authors: Bunting Kaine A. , Barnard Luke , Owens Mathew J. , Morgan Huw
Published: January 2024

Previous work has established an empirical relationship between densities gained from coronal rotational tomography near the ecliptic plane with solar wind outflow speeds at heliocentric distance r
0 = 8R
⊙. This work aims to include solar wind acceleration, and thus velocity profiles out to 1 au. Inner boundary velocities are given as a function of normalized tomographic densities, ρ

N
, as

V

0

=

75
∗

e

−

5.2
*

ρ

N

+
108

, and typically range from 100 to 180 km s−1. The subsequent acceleration is defined as

V
(
r
)
=

V

0

1
+

α

IP

1
−

e

−

r
−

r

0

/

r

H

, with α
IP ranging between 1.75 and 2.7, and r
H between 50 and 35 R
⊙ dependent on V
0. These acceleration profiles approximate the distribution of in situ measurements by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and other measurements at 1 au. Between 2018 November and 2021 September these constraints are applied using the HUXt model and give good agreement with in situ observations at PSP, with a ∼6% improvement compared with using a simpler constant acceleration model previously considered. Given the known tomographical densities at 8 R
⊙, we extrapolate density to 1 au using the model velocities and assuming mass flux conservation. Extrapolated densities agree well with OMNI measurements. Thus coronagraph-based estimates of densities define the ambient solar wind outflow speed, acceleration, and density from 8 R
⊙ to at least 1 au. This sets a constraint on more advanced models, and a framework for forecasting that provides a valid alternative to the use of velocities derived from magnetic field extrapolations.
Improved Orthorectification and Empirical Reduction of Topographic Effects in Monostatic Mini-RF S-band Observations of the Moon
Authors: Fassett Caleb I. , Bramson Ali M. , Cahill Joshua T. S. , Harris Cameron P. , Morgan Gareth A. , Neish Catherine D. , Nypaver Cole A. , Patterson G. Wesley , Rivera-Valentin Edgard , Taylor Patrick A. , Thomson Bradley J. ,   the Mini-RF Team
Published: January 2024

The Miniature Radio Frequency instrument (Mini-RF) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter obtained widespread synthetic aperture radar observations of the Moon in the S band (12.6 cm), including nearly complete coverage at both lunar poles. The currently archived monostatic data have spatial offsets from the lunar reference frame, making them more difficult to compare to other data sets. To address this issue, we have developed a new algorithm for spatially controlling the Mini-RF S-band monostatic data set and orthorectifying these data onto lunar topography. Additionally, as the influence of incidence angle changes on radar observations is well known, we describe an empirical approach to account for variations in observation geometry and surface topography. Individual radar swaths and mosaics produced using this method more clearly show the variability in scattering behavior due to changes in lunar regolith properties and suppress some of the behavior arising from these topographic effects alone. Once these terrain effects are taken into account, we find that areas of permanent shadow at both poles have a higher median radar reflectivity than nonpermanently shadowed regions, but the polarization behavior of shadowed versus unshadowed areas is largely similar. The higher radar reflectivity in permanent shadow is likely the result of physical or compositional differences in these unique environments, though the precise cause remains uncertain. The results here illustrate how reducing the influence of topography and geometry effects in Mini-RF radar data may enable better characterization of lunar geologic units, regolith structure, and potential areas hosting volatile deposits at the lunar poles.
Head and neck cancer pain
Authors: Sarumpaet Venny Tiursani , Dewi Yussy Afriani , Mahdiani Sally
Published: January 2024

Background: Pain is a condition that often occurs in patients with head and neck cancer. Pain in patients with malignancy occurs mostly due to metastatic processes.

Method: This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study to measure variables using the VAS, BPI, HADS, and LANSS questionnaires.

Result: 127 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most patients with were male (63.8%), with the most ages being in the 46–55 year group (33.9%). Most patients were in stage III (48%), with the most diagnosed being nasopharyngeal malignancy (42.5%). About 60.6% of patients have received pain management according to WHO Step 2 and most suffered from neuropathic pain (65.8%) with the most pain intensity being moderate pain (53.5%). Pain interfered most with activities (91.3%) and as many as 64.6% experienced depression.

Conclusion: A description of pain in head and neck patients is needed for good management of malignancy and pain management.
Seven new species of the segmented spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) in Thailand and Myanmar
Authors: Sivayyapram Varat , Kunsete Chawakorn , Xu Xin , Smith Deborah R. , Traiyasut Prapun , Deowanish Sureerat , Aung Mu Mu , Ono Hirotsugu , Li Daiqin , Warrit Natapot
Published: January 2024

Seven new species of the primitive segmented spider genus Liphistius are described and assigned to species groups based on characters of the male palp and vulva plate. The bristowei group includes L. dawei Sivayyapram & Warrit, sp. nov. (♂♀) from southeastern Myanmar, L. choosaki Sivayyapram & Warrit, sp. nov. (♀) from northwestern Thailand, and L. lansak Sivayyapram & Warrit, sp. nov. (♀) from western Thailand; the trang group (Complex A) contains L. kaengkhoi Sivayyapram & Warrit, sp. nov. (♂♀), L. hintung Sivayyapram & Warrit, sp. nov. (♂♀), L. buyphradi Sivayyapram & Warrit, sp. nov. (♂♀), and L. champakpheaw Sivayyapram & Warrit, sp. nov. (♂♀) from central Thailand.
Durable Learning Strategies in Nursing Education: State-of-the-Evidence Review
Authors: Mechtel Marci , Kitt-Lewis Erin , Reaves Crista , Sinacori Barbara , O'Brien Tara , Logan Paul , Rimbey Patrice , Streiff Kimberly , Phillips Kathleen
Published: January 2024

Background:

Health professions (HP) students must achieve durable learning (DL) to transfer and apply knowledge from the classroom to the clinical setting. This review examines the state of the science of classroom-based DL in HP.

Method:

The Joanna Briggs Systematic Review Methodology was used. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases were searched for articles published from 2006 to 2022. A total of 2,000 titles were identified for review, with 51 studies being selected for inclusion.

Results:

Multiple classroom-based learning strategies generally reported as being effective were identified, including flipped classroom, educational technology, spaced learning, team-based learning, concept mapping and schema, testing, and case study and problem-based learning.

Conclusion:

Although DL has been proven to be effective in the classroom setting for HP, no one type has been shown to be more effective than others. Additional research is needed within the context of transferring knowledge to clinical settings and in nursing education.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(1):24–31.]
Les infrastructures portuaires dans l’iconographie monétaire romaine
Authors: Grimaldi Florian
Published: January 2024

« Comment représente-t-on un port ? » C’est cette question qui a mené à la constitution d’un corpus de monnaies portant des représentations de ports ou d’éléments d’infrastructures liées à l’activité portuaire. Cette recherche s’appuie sur l’étude iconographique d’émissions républicaines, impériales et provinciales allant de la fin du Ier s. av. J.-C. à la fin du IIIe s. apr. J.-C. Elle a pour but de mettre en évidence les types extrêmement divers de représentations utilisés, allant de l’évocation à la représentation plus ou moins réaliste de bassins portuaires, ainsi que des éléments tels que phares, amers, navalia. Elle a permis de dégager une tendance à une certaine convergence des formes dans la représentation des bassins portuaires. Une standardisation, plus ou moins conventionnelle, a pu être mise en exergue, dans la représentation des structures de signalisations. Les premières conclusions de cette étude ont soulevé de nouvelles problématiques qui n’ont pu être traitées dans cet article comme l’évolution des typologies, ou la raison d’être de ces émissions…
Le site de l’impasse Turcan
Authors: Gaucher Grégory
Published: January 2024

En 2014, une fouille a été conduite sur le site de l’impasse Turcan localisé dans un quartier urbain de la ville romaine de Forum Iulii (Fréjus, Var) voisin du bassin portuaire. Elle a permis de mettre au jour des constructions entremêlant structures commerciales et structures artisanales en relation avec l’activité portuaire. Il s’agit tout d’abord d’un entrepôt à dolia daté de la première moitié du Ier s. de notre ère et qui est probablement lié au commerce maritime du vin en vrac. Le bâtiment est transformé à partir de la deuxième moitié du Ier s. en boutiques. La caractérisation fonctionnelle de celles-ci demeure problématique. Elle repose sur la découverte de fours en fosse destinés probablement à la cuisson d’aliments en quantité et l’apparente sélection de quartiers de viandes les plus appréciés. Des données ont permis de poser l’hypothèse que ces boutiques soient destinées au commerce de bouche. Plus largement, se pose la question de la relation entre ces lieux d’accueil de personnes, restauration et hébergement et le bassin portuaire.
Hermeneutical Injustice via Interpretive Harm
Authors: Hayes Catherine
Published: January 2024

This chapter serves as a mechanism of recognizing and acknowledging the illegitimacy of historic and traditional Western approaches to narratives of African feminist epistemology. These approaches have engendered lenses of perspective which are irrefutably skewed by colonialism and whose address is warranted in ensuring both a means of learning about the end of an era and the prospect of a more authentically framed future framed, shaped, and determined from within African culture and context by those. To undertake this, acknowledgement and recognition is one of the first and much belated to framing steps in ensuring that the articulation of truth lies best with those whose lived truths they are, rather than any tokenistic perceptions of them, consequently articulated through Western lenses of perspective. The central tenet of the chapter revolves around the positing of African citizenship, indeed all individual citizenship as fundamentally unique and known authentically only to those who have socially constructed knowledge of it.
From Rhetoric to Reality
Authors: Sheidu Comfort Fatimoh , Patrick Hosea Olayiwola
Published: January 2024

The role of women in peacebuilding has largely been underrepresented and marginalized. This chapter explores the potential of women's leadership in peacebuilding in Nigeria and how their participation can strengthen the peace-building processes. Using desktop review approach, the chapter investigates the obstacles such as patriarchal attitudes and structural barriers to women's leadership in peacebuilding. It argues that increasing women's participation is critical to strengthening peacebuilding in Nigeria. This necessitates a multifaceted strategy that addresses structural barriers to women's participation. It concludes that women's peace-building leadership is critical for achieving long-term peace and security in Nigeria and by extension Africa. However, turning rhetoric into reality necessitates a collaborative effort on the part of all stakeholders. It necessitates a commitment to gender equality and women's empowerment, as well as an understanding of the unique perspectives and contributions that women can bring to peace-building efforts.
Advancing Democratic Governance Through Political Accountability in the SADC Region
Authors: Ndou Levy
Published: January 2024

The African continent and the SADC region have embraced the basic principles of democratic governance such as political accountability. Through democratic governance, governments exercise their power in the advancement of social, economic, and political development. To achieve this democratic mandate, bureaucracy should be held politically accountable through formal and informal mechanisms. Despite the monarchs in Lesotho and Eswathini, SADC has the traceable record of upholding democratic governance through the promotion of elections. Elections in any democratic order are regarded as the pillar of democracy. This tendency is juxtaposed to citizens' expectations of their leaders to discharge their responsibilities based on good governance principles of accountable, social justice, impartiality, equality, and equity. It goes without saying that ethical and accountable leadership is needed to deal with governance challenges such as corruption and democratic deficit.
Democracy and Governance
Authors: Goswami Arindam , Bharti Mukesh Shankar , Pathak Shreesh Kumar
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of the European Union (EU) in Africa in the establishment of democracy. Many African countries need the help of Western democracy to pave the way for the democratization process on this continent. The aim of this study is to discover the leading role of the EU in Africa in providing assistance to build strong democratic institutions. Further, the EU as a democratic institution has played an important role in uniting the European countries under its democratic legacy and motivating them to adopt and implement the “Copenhagen Criteria” which are basic principles of the democratization process of the member states in Europe in this sense how the EU has been working on the implementation of the democratic ethos in African countries. On the other hand, the internal situation of African countries differs from that of EU Member States because many countries gained independence in the late 1990s and dozens of countries are in civil war crises in many regions.
The Politicization of the Military and the Militarization of Politics
Authors: Mahlakeng Mahlakeng Khosi
Published: January 2024

One important notion regarding Lesotho's persistent political and security instability revolves around the politicisation of the military, which ultimately poses major threats to Lesotho's fragile democracy. The security sector, especially the military in Lesotho, is vulnerable to political influence to a point where they are to blame for their undue interference in the political arena. They tend to become involved directly and/indirectly in high-level political battles. Hence this reality is referred to as ‘militarisation of politics' and ‘politicisation of the military. This phenomenon of exasperating politics-military relations has led to the security sector being actively and openly involved and/or used in high-level political disputes. However, at the heart of Lesotho's culture of violence lies the historical trend of militarisation. This persistent culture of violence can be attributed to the historical relationship between politics and military, but more significantly to events following post-colonialization.
Critical Analysis of Emerging and Disruptive Digital Technologies in an Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Vargas-Gonzàlez Omar C.
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze the emergent and disruptive digital technologies in an era of artificial intelligence. It departs from the assumption that the emerging technologies create both opportunities and challenges with an impact on individuals, organizations, institutions, and society at large in terms of bias, surveillance, hacking, etc. The method employed is the critical analysis based on the recent developments reported in scientific literature. It is concluded that control over the ethical disruption of digital technologies and more specifically artificial strategy must require a digital conversation and leadership about acceptable ethical behaviors, under the assumption that digital transformation cannot be interrupted and must be guided by humans in in following years of the near future.
The European Union's Border Carbon Tax Regulation and Its Possible Effects on Turkey's Exports in the Short Term
Authors: Akkaya Şahin
Published: January 2024

The European Union's carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) ratified by the European Parliament as a part of the European Green Deal in 2023 will be in effect in the beginning of the year of 2026. But EU's CBAM regulation shows that compensatory carbon tax on imports cannot be applied in a non-discriminatory manner in terms of the destination principle. Therefore, it is seen that the paragraph G of Article 20 of the GATT allowing for the measures to protect the exhaustible natural resources, may constitute a more appropriate justification for the EU's carbon adjustment at the border. The EU's border carbon adjustment mechanism will also have a negative impact on international competition, primarily in terms of carbon-intensive industries in the countries such as Turkey. It is considered reasonable for Turkey to introduce appropriate policy tools to price carbon in a way not being subject to the European Union's carbon tax at the border.
Energy Security Dilemma in OECD Countries
Authors: Yildirim Seda , Yildirim Durmus Cagri , Erdogan Seyfettin
Published: January 2024

The pursuit of sustainability, initiated by the United Nations' adoption of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, has prompted developed and developing countries to adopt alternative policies. To address energy security concerns, countries have begun implementing strategies and practices to reduce carbon emissions and limit the use of environmentally harmful energy sources. However, unexpected crises like the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have brought energy availability to the forefront as a major challenge. This study aims to examine the issue of energy security in the context of these two crises. By utilizing OECD indicators and current reports, the study will provide an overview of the energy security dilemma.
Ethical Principles, Challanges, and Methodological Issues in Cross-Cultural Research
Authors: Kilic Sukran
Published: January 2024

This book chapter addresses essential ethical principles in cross-cultural research and explores fundamental ethical challenges encountered in both historical and contemporary implementations, using examples. Furthermoree, this book chapter evaluates what the methodological isues and challenges are in cross-cultural research such as construct and measurements equivelance and considers potential solutions and points of attention. The ethical principles, ethical difficulties encountered, methodological problems and issues addressed in this book chapter are presented in each topic, with recommendations and examples for researchers to pay attention to. This book chapter also includes a section on recommendations, and in this section, the main difficulties that cross-cultural researchers may face and possible solutions are brought to the agenda. In addition, researchers are also advised on what to pay attention to in future cross-cultural research (e.g. online research).
Open Science in Universities
Authors: Drach Iryna
Published: January 2024

One of the essential resources for preserving/restoring the research potential of Ukrainian universities in the conditions of the war of Russia against Ukraine and post-war recovery is the implementation of the policy of open science, which ensures improving research efficiency by reducing duplication and the costs of creating, transferring and reusing data. The relevance of implementing open science in the European Research Area is considered. The chapter analyses the documents of the European Research Area, scientific works on the development of open science in European universities, and documents related to implementing the principles of open science in Ukraine. The survey “Open Science in Higher Education Institutions of Ukraine” results are presented. Academic staff of 110 Ukrainian universities (1,517 respondents) participated in the survey. The survey highlights the current use of research e-infrastructure services in Ukrainian universities and the academic community's understanding of using artificial intelligence in research.
Methodological Challenges in Neuropolitical Research and Determining the Sample Selection
Authors: Orhan Ertuğrul Buğra
Published: January 2024

The burgeoning field of neuropolitics, scrutinizing the intersection of neurological data and political behavior, is gaining traction in interdisciplinary research. This study navigates challenges, methodological advancements, and opportunities in this domain, focusing on data collection tools and integrating qualitative methods. Highlighting neuropolitics' multidisciplinary essence and reliance on EEG, fMRI, and Eye Trackers, the paper delves into decision-making behaviors. It emphasizes the need for standardized research processes and explores the efficacy of these tools, spotlighting EEG's accessibility and the user-friendliness of Eye Trackers. The study links neuropolitics with qualitative methodologies, advocating for sample coherence and employing data triangulation for rigor. It proposes a preliminary model integrating qualitative frameworks and neurological tools, accentuating their potential in enhancing objectivity. It urges collaborative efforts to challenge conventional paradigms in political studies.