bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphism in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ćorić Vesna , Plješa-Ercegovac Marija , Matić Marija , Krivić Biljana , Šuvakov Sonja , Tulić Cane , Mimić-Oka Jasmina , Simić Tatjana
Published: August 2010

The Role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphism in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma

Members of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily exhibit polymorphic expression. GSTs are investigated as biomarkers of risk for various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The aim of this study was to test the association betweenGSTM1andGSTT1polymorphism and susceptibility to RCC, independently or in conjunction with known risk factors. Genomic DNA was isolated from 182 controls and 76 patients with RCC.GSTM1andGSTT1genotypes were determined by multiplex PCR. Data obtained were analyzed with respect to RCC risk factors including smoking and occupational exposure. The frequency ofGSTM1-null genotype was higher in patients with RCC (60.5%) compared to controls (47.2%).GSTT1-null genotype was found in 28.6% controls and 27.6% of cases.GSTM1-null individuals exhibit 1.9-fold increased risk of RCC (95% CI: 1.06-3.33). The presence ofGSTT1active genotype was associated with increased risk of RCC in occupationally exposed subjects when unexposedGSTT1-null subjects were used as a comparison group (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.05-5.86). No association was found between the inactive form ofGSTM1andGSTT1and smoking in RCC patients. In a Serbian cohort of patients, the presence of aGSTM1active genotype is protective against RCC, whereas aGSTT1active genotype increases RCC risk in occupationally exposed subjects.
rRNA Methyltransferases and their Role in Resistance to Antibiotics
Authors: Morić Ivana , Savić Miloje , Ilić-Tomić Tatjana , Vojnović Sandra , Bajkić Sanja , Vasiljević Branka
Published: August 2010

rRNA Methyltransferases and their Role in Resistance to Antibiotics

Methyltransferases (MTases), a large protein superfamily, commonly use S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as the methyl group donor. SAM-dependant MTases methylate both nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and proteins, and thus modulate their activity, function and folding. Methylation of G1405 or A1408 nucleotides of 16S rRNA in aminoglycoside-producing microorganisms confers the resistance to their own toxic product(s). This mechanism of resistance has been considered as unique to antibiotics producers until recently. Since 2003, methylation of 16S rRNA as a mechanism of resistance is increasingly emerging in pathogenic bacteria. This represents a major threat towards the usefulness of aminoglycosides in the clinical practice. A potential solution to the problem involves the design of novel compounds that would act against new ribosomal targets. The second approach to the issue includes the development of resistance MTases' inhibitors, with the idea to prevent them from modifying the bacterial rRNA, and thus reinstate the therapeutic power of existing aminoglycosides. As the latter approach has considerable potential, it is obvious that fundamental research related to protein expression, in-depth understanding of the mechanism of action and resolving a tertiary structure of 16S rRNAs MTases are prerequisites for application in medicine.
Editorial
Authors: Mach Mojmír
Published: August 2010

Editorial

The year 2010 is not gone yet but we already know that this year will be associated with one of the biggest losses in pharmacology and toxicology. On Tuesday, April 13, 2010, at the age of 97, one of the most influential pharmacologists in Eastern Europe, Professor Helena Rašková has left us. Her wisdom, generosity, kindness and hard work made it possible to create a positive environment for research and education, although sometimes she had to fight hard. Her incredible story "How I became a Pharmacologist" wroted by Prof. Rašková herself documents how rich and inspirational her life was [Rašková H. (1997). Pharmacology & Toxicology 80: 255-261]. In this issue you will find mostly works of her colleagues and friends who would like to pay homage to the mother and grandmother of Czecho-Slovak pharmacology and toxicology and to the wonderful person who Prof. Helena Rašková was. She touched many people in her lifetime, affected many and will truly be missed.
Obituary for Prof. Helena Rašková, MD., DSc., Dr.h.c. *2 January, 1913 †13 April, 2010
Authors: Navarová Jana , Ujházy Eduard
Published: August 2010

Obituary for Prof. Helena Rašková, MD., DSc., Dr.h.c. *2 January, 1913 †13 April, 2010

Professor Rašková had been a member, and after her retirement, an honorary member of a number of scientific societies and editorial boards in Slovakia as well as abroad. To provide a list of all decorations and honours given to Professor Rašková would take a lot of space. Of them, let us mention only that she had been decorated with the Finnish Sibelius Medal, the French medal of the of Académie de Lutec, the Gold Medal of European Pharmacological Societies for her contributions to the development of world pharmacology, as well as all the decorations obtained from the Slovak Academy of Sciences: Gold Medal of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Honourable Gold Medal of the Slovak Academy of Sciences for her contributions to biological sciences, and the Memorable Medal of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Professor Rašková was an honorary member of the Learned Society of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
Preclinical electrogastrography in experimental pigs
Authors: Květina Jaroslav , Varayil Jithinraj , Ali Shahzad , Kuneš Martin , Bureš Jan , Tachecí Ilja , Rejchrt Stanislav , Kopáčová Marcela
Published: August 2010

Preclinical electrogastrography in experimental pigs

Surface electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive means of recording gastric myoelectric activity or slow waves from cutaneous leads placed over the stomach. This paper provides a comprehensive review of preclinical EGG. Our group recently set up and worked out the methods for EGG in experimental pigs. We gained our initial experience in the use of EGG in assessment of porcine gastric myoelectric activity after volume challenge and after intragastric administration of itopride and erythromycin. The mean dominant frequency in pigs is comparable with that found in humans. EGG in experimental pigs is feasible. Experimental EGG is an important basis for further preclinical projects in pharmacology and toxicology.
Toxicity of perfluorinated carboxylic acids for aquatic organisms
Authors: Tichý Miloň , Valigurová Radka , Čabala Radomír , Uzlová Rut , Rucki Marián
Published: August 2010

Toxicity of perfluorinated carboxylic acids for aquatic organisms

Toxicity of perfluorinated carboxylic acids with carbon chain C8to C12were tested with oligochaetaTubifex tubifex.Toxicity was evaluated as the exposure time ET50from onset of damage of the oligochaeta in saturated aqueous solutions. The ET50fluctuated between 25 and 257 minutes. No statistically significant difference was found among the C8, C9and C12acids (ET50between 143 and 257 minutes with large standard deviation). The acids with carbon chain C10and C11induced the effect significantly quicker (25 to 47 minutes). No acute toxicity measured in the three-minute test was observed in any case.
A meta-analysis of medicinal plants to assess the evidence for toxicity
Authors: Chen Sarah , Vieira Amandio
Published: August 2010

A meta-analysis of medicinal plants to assess the evidence for toxicity

Toxicity of phytochemicals, plant-based extracts and dietary supplements, and medicinal plants in general, is of medical importance and must be considered in phytotherapy and other plant uses. We show in this report how general database analyses can provide a quantitative assessment of research and evidence related to toxicity of medicinal plants or specific phytochemicals. As examples, several medicinal plants are analyzed for their relation to nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The results of analyses in different databases are similar, and reveal the two best-established toxic effects among the group of plants that were examined: nephrotoxicity ofAristolochia fangchiand hepatotoxicity ofLarrea tridentata.
Directed Cooperation in Multihop Wireless Sensors Network
Authors: Nikodem Jan , Klempous Ryszard , Nikodem Maciej , Woda Marek , Chaczko Zenon
Published: August 2010

Directed Cooperation in Multihop Wireless Sensors Network

This paper proposes a relational abstraction for Wireless Sensors Network where node can identify its neighbors around it. Because of limited radio link range only some of nodes have a direct contact with the base station and transmission is carried out in a multihop way so information is send from one node to another towards the BS. We propose a relation π that represents cooperation between nodes and takes advantages of topological properties of the network. Based on the hop-distance from the BS any nodekcan determine a setN<(k) that consists of nodes to which/kshould send messages in order to retain a data-flow direction towards the BS.
Statechart-based Controllers Synthesis in FPGA Structures with Embedded Array Blocks
Authors: Łabiak Grzegorz , Borowik Grzegorz
Published: August 2010

Statechart-based Controllers Synthesis in FPGA Structures with Embedded Array Blocks

Statechart diagrams, in general, are visual formalism for description of complex systems behaiour. Digital controllers, which act as reactive systems, can be very conveniently modeled with statecharts and efficiently synthesized in modern programmable devices. The paper presents in details syntax and semantics of statecharts and new implementation scheme. The issue of statecharts synthesis is not still ultimately solved. Main feature of the presented approach is the transformation of statechart diagrams into Finite State Machine, and through KISS format, functional decomposition and mapping into Embedded Memory Blocks. Embedded Memory are part of the modern programmable devices.
Tabu Search Algorithm for Survivable Network Design Problem with Simultaneous Unicast and Anycast Flows
Authors: Gładysz Jakub , Walkowiak Krzysztof
Published: August 2010

Tabu Search Algorithm for Survivable Network Design Problem with Simultaneous Unicast and Anycast Flows

In this work we focus on the problem of survivable network design for simultaneous unicast and anycast flows. This problem follows from the growing popularity of network services applying the anycast paradigm. The anycasting is defined as one-to-one-of-many transmission and is applied in Domain Name Service (DNS), peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, Content Delivery Networks (CDN). In this work we formulate two models that enables joint optimization of network capacity, working and backup connections for both unicast and anycast flows. The goal is to minimize the network cost required to protect the network against failures using the single backup path approach. In the first model we consider modular link cost, in the second we are given a set of link proposal and we must select only one of them. Because these problems are NP-hard, therefore optimal solutions of branch-and-bounds or branch-and-cut methods can be generated for relatively small networks. Consequently, we propose a new heuristic algorithm based on Tabu Search method. We present results showing the effectiveness the proposed heuristic compared against optimal results. Moreover, we report results showing that the use of anycast paradigm can reduce the network cost.
Sensor Actor Network Modeling utilizing the Holonic Architectural Framework
Authors: Chiu Christopher , Chaczko Zenon , Moses Perez
Published: August 2010

Sensor Actor Network Modeling utilizing the Holonic Architectural Framework

This paper discusses the results of utilizing advanced EKM modeling techniques to manage Sensor-Actor networks (SANETs) based upon the Holonic Architectural Framework. EKMs allow a quantitative analysis of an algorithmic artificial neural network process by using an indirect-mapping EKM to self-organize from a given input space to administer SANET routing and clustering functions with a control parameter space. Results demonstrate that in comparison to linear approximation techniques, indirect mapping with EKMs provide fluid control and feedback mechanisms by operating in a continuous sensory control space - thus enabling interactive detection and optimization of events in real-time environments.
Pseudo Bayesian and Linear Regression Global Thresholding
Authors: Aboura Khalid
Published: August 2010

Pseudo Bayesian and Linear Regression Global Thresholding

Classification is an important task in image analysis. Simply recognizing an object in an image can be a daunting step for a computer algorithm. The methodologies are often simple but rely heavily on the thresholding of the image. The operation of turning a color or gray-scale image into a black and white image is a determining step in the effectiveness of a solution. Thresholding methods perform differently in various problems where they are often used locally. Global thresholding is a difficult task in most problems. We highlight a pseudo Bayesian and a linear regression global thresholding methods that performed well in an engineering problem. The same approaches can be used in biomedical applications where the environment is better controlled.
Algorithms for reliable networks deployment in mesh topology with flow control
Authors: Debita Grzegorz , Staniec Kamil
Published: August 2010

Algorithms for reliable networks deployment in mesh topology with flow control

The article presents innovative methods for designing and controlling topology in mesh networks. The authors of the paper simulate the procedure of deploying a mesh structure and prove that the shortest path for such a network is also one with the least number of hops in the sense of intermediate nodes.
Operational characteristic of wireless WiMax and IEEE 802.11x systems in underground mine environments
Authors: Kowal Michał , Kubal Sławomir , Piotrowski Piotr , Zieliński Ryszard
Published: August 2010

Operational characteristic of wireless WiMax and IEEE 802.11x systems in underground mine environments

The paper presents research results pertaining to transmission parameters of wireless communication systems, based on WiMax and IEEE 802.11x radio interfaces. Research was performed in severe operating conditions of an underground mine - testing various parameters, such as: throughput, delays and maximum range.
Fate of Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells after Intraperitoneal Infusion or Implantation into Femoral Bone Defects in the Host Animal
Authors: Wilson Timothy , Stark Christoffer , Holmbom Johanna , Rosling Ari , Kuusilehto Asko , Tirri Teemu , Penttinen Risto , Ekholm Erika
Published: August 2010

The fate of intraperitoneally injected or implanted male rat bone marrow-derived stromal cells inside female sibling host animals was traced using Y-chromosome-sensitive PCR. When injected intraperitoneally, Y-chromosome-positive cells were found in all studied organs: heart muscle, lung, thymus, liver, spleen, kidney, skin, and femoral bone marrow with a few exceptions regardless of whether they had gone through osteogenic differentiation or not. In the implant experiments, expanded donor cells were seeded on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds and grown under three different conditions (no additives, in osteogenic media for one or two weeks) prior to implantation into corticomedullar femoral defects. Although the impact of osteogenic in vitro cell differentiation on cell migration was more obvious in the implantation experiments than in the intraperitoneal experiments, the donor cells stay alive when injected intraperitoneally or grown in an implant and migrate inside the host. However, when the implants contained bioactive glass, no signs of Y-chromosomal DNA were observed in all studied organs including the implants indicating that the cells had been eliminated.
Punishers May Be Chosen as Providers But Not as Recipients
Authors: Horita Yutaka
Published: August 2010

The issue of evolution of punitive behavior has been a focus of recent studies of human cooperation. One of the topics for discussion in this literature is whether punishers receive benefits, on which no clear conclusion has been reached yet. We conducted a scenario experiment in which we manipulated game types and reward types, and found that punishers were chosen more frequently than non-punishers as providers of rewards, and yet, they were chosen less frequently than non-punishers as recipients of rewards. Adaptive advantages of punishers are suggested to be in their likelihood of being chosen as providers of resources, rather than as recipients of reward.
Is Cheater/Cooperator Detection an In-Group Phenomenon? Some Preliminary Findings
Authors: Verplaetse Jan , Vanneste Sven
Published: August 2010

Whereas predictive detection of (non-)cooperative intentions among humans is well-documented, virtually nothing is known about the cross-cultural extent of this possibly evolved social intuition. In this study we asked Caucasian participants to judge Japanese subjects who played a trust game in which they either fairly divided the money (sharer) or kept the entire sum (non-sharer). After watching 5-seconds videotapes taken around decision Caucasian subjects were able to discriminate non-sharing and sharing Japanese targets slightly above chance level (51.71%). The non-sharers accuracy rate was 52.32% and the sharers accuracy rate was 51.10%, but significant higher than would be expected from randomly guessing alone. This preliminary finding suggests that successful cheater/cooperator detection is not limited to own-culture targets and questions the in-group nature of this social intuition.
Semantic Differential Judgments of Cooperators, Competitors and Individualists at Zero-Acquaintance
Authors: Shelley Gregory P. , Page Madeleine , Kuhlman David M.
Published: August 2010

Students rated videotapes of Cooperative (J), Individualistic (O) and Competitive (R) targets describing their previous day. Some ratings represented the Evaluation dimension of social meaning, and others represented Dynamism. As predicted Js were rated more positively than Non-Js on all scales. This suggests a general positivity in cooperators’ nonverbal behavior. However, the discussion cites recent research showing that in some contexts cooperator detection may be based on negative nonverbal displays.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Conversion of (S)‐Methionine into (R)‐Garner Aldehyde.
Authors: KUMAR J. S. R. , DATTA A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a cis‐Conformationally Restricted Peptide Bond Isostere and Its Application to the Inhibition of the HIV‐1 Protease.
Authors: ABELL A. D. , FOULDS G. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 12 Stereochemically and Structurally Diverse C‐ Trisaccharides.
Authors: SUTHERLIN D. P. , ARMSTRONG R. W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ring Opening Rearrangement Reaction of 6β‐Hydroxytropinone.
Authors: CHEN Z. , GONZALEZ M. D. , BLUNDELL P. , MELTZER P. C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐N‐Boc‐exo‐2‐(methoxycarbonyl)‐7‐ azabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane, a Versatile Intermediate for the Synthesis of Epibatidine and Epiboxidine.
Authors: SINGH S. , BASMADJIAN G. P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Formation of the Imidazo(4′,5′;3,4)pyrido(2,3‐b) indole Ring: Formal Synthesis of the Alkaloids from Marine Origin Grossularines‐1 and ‐2.
Authors: MOLINA P. , FRESNEDA P. M. , SANZ M. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Yield Protection of Purine Ribonucleosides for H‐Phosphonate RNA Synthesis
Authors: ZHANG X. , ABAD J.‐L. , HUANG Q. , ZENG F. , GAFFNEY B. L. , JONES R. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloadditions of Cephalosporins. A Comprehensive Study of the Reaction of Cephalosporin Triflates with Olefins, Acetylenes, and Dienes to Form (2 + 2) and (4 + 2) Adducts.
Authors: ELLIOTT R. L. , NICHOLSON N. H. , PEAKER F. E. , TAKLE A. K. , RICHARDSON C. M. , TYLER J. W. , WHITE J. , PEARSON M. J. , EGGLESTON D. S. , HALTIWANGER R. C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 4,5‐Cyclopropylsugar Derivatives: Application to the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Bottom Half (C7‐C16) Segment of Lasonolide A.
Authors: GURJAR M. K. , CHAKRABARTI A. , RAO B. V. , KUMAR P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
“What Would You Do if You Were Me?” Effects of Counselor Self‐Disclosure Versus Non‐disclosure in a Hypothetical Genetic Counseling Session
Authors: Paine Amy L. , McCarthy Veach Patricia , MacFarlane Ian M. , Thomas Brittany , Ahrens Mary , LeRoy Bonnie S.
Published: August 2010

Two prior studies suggest genetic counselors self‐disclose primarily because patients ask them to do so (Peters et al., 2004; Thomas et al., 2006). However, scant research has investigated effects of counselor disclosure on genetic counseling processes and outcomes. In this study, 151 students (98 undergraduates, 53 graduates) completed one of three surveys describing a hypothetical genetic counseling session in which a patient at risk for FAP was considering whether to pursue testing or surveillance procedures. Dialogue was identical in all surveys, except for a final response to the question: “What would you do if you were me?” The counselor either revealed what she would do (Personal Disclosure), what other patients have done (Professional Disclosure), or deflected the question (No Disclosure). Imagining themselves as the patient, participants wrote a response to the counselor and indicated their perceptions of her. Participants rated thenon‐disclosingcounselor significantly lower in social attractiveness than either disclosing counselor, and less satisfying than theprofessional disclosingcounselor. Analysis of written responses yielded four themes: Made Decision, Sought Information, Expressed Thoughts/Feelings, and No Decision. Practice implications and research recommendations are provided.
The Sources of Social Power
Authors: Mann Michael
Published: August 2010

This second volume of Michael Mann's analytical history of social power deals with power relations between the Industrial Revolution and the First World War, focusing on France, Great Britain, Hapsburg Austria, Prussia/Germany and the United States. Based on considerable empirical research it provides original theories of the rise of nations and nationalism, of class conflict, of the modern state and of modern militarism. While not afraid to generalise, it also stresses social and historical complexity. The author sees human society as 'a patterned mess' and attempts to provide a sociological theory appropriate to this. This theory culminates in the final chapter, an original explanation of the causes of the First World War.
Emergency Medicine Oral Board Review Illustrated
Authors: Okuda Yasuharu , Nelson Bret P.
Published: August 2010

The accreditation process for emergency medicine in the United States is considered one of the most difficult among all medical specialties, with residents required to pass both a written and oral examination to gain certification. This book allows the reader to apply a case-based interactive approach to studying for the oral board examination, while also providing an excellent introduction to the field. Featuring more than 100 cases derived from the Model of Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, with an emphasis on EKGs, CT scans, X-rays, and ultrasounds, this book is a model resource for the practising emergency medicine resident. The reader can easily practise cases alone or with a partner and can follow up with key points of critical actions, clinical pearls, and references. The appendix is loaded with high-yield information on subjects emphasized in the oral board examination, such as pediatric, cardiovascular, traumatic, and toxicologic disorders. This book truly allows the reader to feel actively immersed in the case.
Land Resources
Authors: Young Anthony
Published: August 2010

This book provides an authoritative review of the resources of soils, water, climate, forests and pastures on which agriculture depends. It assesses the interactions between land resources and wider aspects of development, including population and poverty. Unless action is taken, the developing world will face recurrent problems of food security and conflict. The book gives some forcefully-expressed criticisms of current methods of assessing land degradation and placing an economic value on land. It should be read by all involved in rural development, including scientists, economists, geographers, sociologists, planners, and students of development studies. It provides a summary and perspective of the field of land resources, and suggests improvements needed to conserve resources for future generations. The hardback edition of the book received excellent reviews.
How Societies Remember
Authors: Connerton Paul
Published: August 2010

In treating memory as a cultural rather than an individual faculty, this book provides an account of how bodily practices are transmitted in, and as, traditions. Most studies of memory as a cultural faculty focus on written, or inscribed transmissions of memories. Paul Connerton, on the other hand, concentrates on bodily (or incorporated) practices, and so questions the currently dominant idea that literary texts may be taken as a metaphor for social practices generally. The author argues that images of the past and recollected knowledge of the past are conveyed and sustained by ritual performances and that performative memory is bodily. Bodily social memory is an essential aspect of social memory, but it is an aspect which has until now been badly neglected. An innovative study, this work should be of interest to researchers into social, political and anthropological thought as well as to graduate and undergraduate students.
Elementary Matrices
Authors: Frazer
Published: August 2010

This book develops the subject of matrices with special reference to differential equations and classical mechanics. It is intended to bring to the student of applied mathematics, with no previous knowledge of matrices, an appreciation of their conciseness, power and convenience in computation. Worked numerical examples, many of which are taken from aerodynamics, are included.
SAQs for the Final FRCA
Authors: Nickells James , Georgiou Andrew , Walton Benjamin
Published: August 2010

SAQs for the Final FRCA is an invaluable guide to the Short Answer Question paper for the Final FRCA examination, providing 9 papers of 12 questions per paper. Each question is accompanied by a full model answer structured using a star system to indicate the essential, desirable and supplementary information. Most answers also carry references and additional notes giving insight into why a question was written or what the examiner was really after. A highly informative FAQ section gives advice on all aspects of exam preparation. The book is laid out to enable the candidate to practise sitting whole papers of 12 questions or to attempt individual questions. Written by a group of authors who have either just successfully taken the Final FRCA or are regularly involved with training anaesthetists via the Frenchay Final FRCA Crammer Course, SAQs for the Final FRCA is an invaluable tool for your exam preparation!
Skew Fields
Authors: Draxl P. K.
Published: August 2010

The book is written in three parts. Part I consists of preparatory work on algebras, needed in Parts II and III. This material is presented in a classical, though unusual, way. Part II consists of a modern description of the theory of Brauer groups over fields (from as elementary a point of view as possible). Part III covers some new developments in the theory which, until now, have not been available except in journals. The principal topic discussed in this section is reduced K,-theory. This book will be of interest to graduate students in pure mathematics and to professional mathematicians.
The Way of the Wilderness
Authors: Davies G. I.
Published: August 2010

The Old Testament accounts of the Exodus contain various indications of the routes taken by the Israelites and the so-called wilderness itineraries appear to be very precise. From the earliest times, students of the Bible have tried to relate references in the texts to place names known in their own day. In this monograph Dr Davies traces the beginnings of such studies as they emerge from Jewish, Christian and Arabic writings and reviews both these and more recent theories in the light of modern biblical scholarship and archaeological exploration. In the process he finds it necessary to look again at major problems of bibliographical geography such as the identity of the 'Red Sea' and the location of Mount Sinai. Old Testament scholars will not be alone in finding this monograph of interest. Archaeologists, historical geographers and ancient historians will value it as a background to their own work on the period and Dr Davies' presentation ensures that this book may usefully be studied by the non-specialist.
Insecurity and Welfare Regimes in Asia, Africa and Latin America
Authors: Gough Ian , Wood Geof , Barrientos Armando , Bevan Philippa , Davis Peter , Room Graham
Published: August 2010

Written by a team of internationally respected experts, this book explores the conditions under which social policy, defined as the public pursuit of secure welfare, operates in the poorer regions of the world. Social policy in advanced capitalist countries operates through state intervention to compensate for the inadequate welfare outcomes of the labour market. Such welfare regimes cannot easily be reproduced in poorer regions of the world where states suffer problems of governance and labour markets are imperfect and partial. Other welfare regimes therefore prevail involving non-state actors such as landlords, moneylenders and patrons. This book seeks to develop a conceptual framework for understanding different types of welfare regime in a range of countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa and makes an important contribution to the literature by breaking away from the traditional focus on Europe and North America.
The Epilepsy Prescriber's Guide to Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Patsalos Philip N. , Bourgeois Blaise F. D.
Published: August 2010

The Epilepsy Prescriber's Guide to Antiepileptic Drugs provides a practical and concise reference guide for use by all those clinicians and allied health professionals that treat or care for patients with epilepsy. In full colour throughout, this volume presents the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in alphabetical order and for each AED the information is divided into eight coloured sections: general therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, interaction profile, adverse effects, dosing and use, special populations, and suggested reading. This handy pocket guide will be an excellent companion for all clinicians that treat patients with epilepsy.
Marxism at Work
Authors: Stuart Robert
Published: August 2010

Despite a century of debate and criticism, Marxism as a mass ideological practice has remained an elusive topic. This book examines Marxist socialism as a mode of understanding and self-understanding treasured and transmitted by thousands of anonymous militants. It focuses upon the Parti Ouvrier Français, the 'Guesdists', an archetypal movement of Marxism's 'Golden Age' before the First World War, the period when Marxist socialism evolved from sect to mass movement. Thousands of French socialists adopted Marxism due to the effectiveness of vulgar Guesdist polemic rather than Marx's profound theoretical works, and entire communities were converted to an austere but messianic socialism which still affects French politics today. This book traces the doctrine's birth through conflict with liberals, proto-fascists, and anarchists; its 'making' of a working class, and its attempted seduction of the middle class; and its confusion before the alternative social visions of the Catholic devout, racist nationalists, and feminists.
Great Ape Societies
Authors: Goodall Jane , Itani Junichiro
Published: August 2010

The great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans) are our closest living relatives, sharing a common ancestor only five million years ago. We also share key features such as high intelligence, omnivorous diets, prolonged child-rearing and rich social lives. The great apes show a surprising diversity of adaptations, particularly in social life, ranging from the solitary life of orangutans, through patriarchy in gorillas to complex but different social organisations in bonobos and chimpanzees. As great apes are so close to humans, comparisons yield essential knowledge for modelling human evolutionary origins. Great Ape Societies provides comprehensive up-to-date syntheses of work on all four species, drawing on decades of international field work, zoo and laboratory studies. It will be essential reading for students and researchers in primatology, anthropology, psychology and human evolution.
From Dearth to Plenty
Authors: Blaxter Kenneth , Robertson Noel R.
Published: August 2010

During the fifty-year period from 1936–86 the modern agricultural revolution occurred, in which, for the first time, science was properly harnessed to the improvement in agricultural productivity. The authors of this 1995 book quantify this improvement and identify the work of scientists which was seminal to the scientific and technological advances on which the revolution was founded. The topics covered include the advances in animal nutrition (in which the late Kenneth Blaxter was an acknowledged pioneer), animal and plant breeding, soil fertility, weed, pest, and disease control, veterinary medicine, engineering (including innovations in tractor design by Harry Ferguson), and statistical measurement. In addition, this book describes how these innovations were integrated into the practical business of food production and discusses the importance of the Government in setting the scene for scientific advance.
Social Security
Authors: Achenbaum W. Andrew
Published: August 2010

Franklin Roosevelt envisioned social security to be the cornerstone 'for the kind of protection America wants' from the financial troubles people faced due to old age and family tragedies. By fulfilling its initial promise, social security has evolved into the nation's largest, costliest, and most successful domestic institution. But the optimistic assumptions that inspired its incremental expansion have dissipated in the face of demographic, political, economic, and cultural shifts in American society. Social Security: Visions and Revisions encourages lawmakers, academic experts, and general readers alike to think more broadly and boldly about social security and its relation to public assistance and other income-maintenance and health-care programs. Pulling together information and insights previously scattered and fragmentary, this 1986 book draws lessons from the past that free us of outdated assumptions and unexamined shibboleths. The re-vision of social security that Achenbaum advocates should become the basis of all discussions of government's responsibility to promote 'the general welfare' in our ageing society.
Defiant Maids and Stubborn Farmers
Authors: Cosentino Donald J.
Published: August 2010

The domei is a popular narrative art form among the Mende people of Sierra Leone. Although it is a traditional form, the narratives are not remembered or retold, but on each occasion the performers recreate out of a common stock of characters and plots domeisia, which are singular and sometimes brilliant expressions of a singular, and often brilliant, culture. In this book Donald Cosentino presents a large selection of these narratives, as he collected them in dramatic performance on the verandahs and around the cooking fires of a Mende village. The domei is told to please, and Dr Cosentino details the various elements that constitute the pleasure of an oral performance. But beneath the surface glitter of these ironic, horrifying, bawdy and haunting narrative performances, there is an intellectual hardness of argument and debate which shines through the domeisia included here. Dominating these performances, and emblematic of the entire artistic tradition, are the 'everywoman' figure of the Defiant Maid, Yombo, and the 'everyman' Stubborn Farmer, Kpana.
A Critique of Freedom and Equality
Authors: Charvet John
Published: August 2010

This book is about the grounds of ethical life, or the nature and basis of our ethical obligations. It contains an original account of these grounds and shows how this understanding requires specific forms of social and political life. Charvet considers the ideas of the freedom and equality of men in the many forms they have taken and shows that there is a radical incoherence underlying them which consists in the failure to integrate in a coherent way the particular and the moral or communal dimensions of individual life. These two dimensions are separated and opposed to each other. In the final section of the book Charvet develops an original account of the grounds of ethical life which satisfactorily integrates these particular and communal elements of individuality. It is designed to show how the moral claims of individuals are grounded in their associated wills in a community and yet how such a conception preserves the separate individuality of the community's members.
The Potato in the Human Diet
Authors: Woolfe Jennifer A.
Published: August 2010

Since the latter half of the twentieth century, the rate of increase in potato production in developing countries has outpaced growth rates of most other major food crops. When this book was first published in 1987, the potato was being produced in 132 of the 167 independent countries of the world and more than three billion people, 75 per cent of the world's population at the time, inhabited the 95 developing countries that produced potatoes. As potato cultivation continues to expand at a rapid pace, particularly in the tropics, more attention has been directed towards understanding and improving the nutritional contribution potatoes can make to the human diet. The book reviews the knowledge about the nutritional value of the potato and its role in the nutrition of both children and adults. The synthesis presented in this volume will be of value to students and research workers in nutrition and food science in both developed and developing countries. Dieticians, nutritionists, policy makers and aid personnel involved in agricultural and rural development will also find this book informative and of practical use.
The Shelduck
Authors: Patterson I. J. , Furse Chris
Published: August 2010

This book augments discussions of behavioural ecology with a comprehensive study of a single species, using it to illustrate and discuss many theoretical issues. Taking the shelduck as its principal example, the book considers how an animal's behaviour helps it to survive and reproduce in a hostile environment. It also discusses the effects of behaviour, particularly social behaviour, in the limitation of animal population size. The arrangement of the text follows the phases of the shelduck's annual cycle and discusses the different behavioural problems encountered at each stage. In this account a wide variety of topics in behavioural ecology have been brought together and applied to a thorough field study of this highly territorial species.
Sartre
Authors: Howells Christina
Published: August 2010

This book is a comprehensive study of the writings of Jean-Paul Sartre. As well as examining the drama and the fiction, the book analyses the evolution of his philosophy, explores his concern with ethics, psychoanalysis, literary theory, biography and autobiography and includes a lengthy section on the still much-neglected study of Flaubert, L'Idiot de la famille. One important aim of the book is to rebut the charges made by many theorists and philosophers by revealing that Sartre is in fact a major source for concepts such as the decentred subject and detotalised truth and for the revolt against individualistic humanism. Dr Howells also takes into account much posthumously published material, in particular the Chaiers pour une morale, but also the Lettres au Castor and the Cranets de la drole de guerre. The work is a substantial contribution to Sartre studies, but has been written with the non-specialist in mind; to that end all quotations are translated into English and gathered in an appendix.
Evidence-Based Diagnosis
Authors: Newman Thomas B. , Kohn Michael A.
Published: August 2010

Evidence-Based Diagnosis explains diagnostic, screening, and prognostic tests in clinical medicine. The authors' approach is based on many years of experience teaching physicians in a clinical research training program. Although needing only a minimum of mathematics, the quantitative discussions in this book are deeper and more rigorous than in most introductory texts. The book includes numerous worked examples and 60 problems (with answers) based on real clinical situations and journal articles. This book is a great choice for anyone looking to select, develop, or apply medical tests. Topics covered include: the diagnostic process; test reliability and accuracy; testing and treatment thresholds; critical appraisal of studies of diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests; test independence and methods of combining tests; quantifying treatment benefits using randomized trials and observational studies; Bayesian interpretation of P values and confidence intervals; challenges for evidence-based diagnosis; likelihood ratios and ROC curves.
The Lions of Dagbon
Authors: Staniland Martin
Published: August 2010

The political conflict that has taken the most violent form and proved costliest in human lives in Ghana in the last half century has been a chieftaincy dispute in the northern kingdom of Dagomba, known as the Yendi skin dispute. The major loss of life took puce in 1969 but the dispute has continued to trouble Ghanaian politics and has affected the careers of national leaders under both civilian and military regimes. It is one of the most complex, explosive and intractable disputes in a country noted for conflicts over chieftaincy. Mr Staniland examines the political history of Dagomba, one of the most important pre-colonial states in what is now Ghana, from its partition between the British and the Germans in 1899. He analyses the attitudes and policies of successive governments towards chieftaincy and `traditionalism', and the effects which outside control has had on dynastic politics.
Capitalist Development and the Peasant Economy in Peru
Authors: Figueroa Adolfo
Published: August 2010

This study analyses the functioning of the peasant economy in Peru in the context of the present predominantly capitalist system. The central themes are the economic relationships of the peasantry to the rest of the economy of the country and the role of the peasant economy in the entire system, together with the changes that have taken place in that role over time. These themes are investigated by means of a study in detail of a sample of peasant communities in the most traditional and backward region of Peru, the southern sierra. The historical process has generated in Peru one of the most extreme cases of inequality, rural poverty and cultural duality. Nowhere else does the notion of 'economic duality' seem more applicable. Thus an investigation of the case of Peru has methodological value for the understanding of the peasant economy throughout Latin America, and the results of this survey have important implications for the whole region.
Missing the Boat
Authors: Goodwin Craufurd D. , Nacht Michael
Published: August 2010

For many faculty the desire and need to go abroad is inherent in the nature of their discipline. For others the thought of going abroad for scholarly purposes is completely alien. This book, which was sponsored by the Council for International Exchange of Scholars, looks in depth at the international experience of American faculty. Goodwin and Nacht examine the type of faculty who go abroad and their reasons for doing so, the incentives and the disincentives for faculty travel abroad, the attitudes prevalent on US campuses toward such activities, the special obstacles and risks faced by faculty who commit themselves to an international experience and the effects of foreign experience among the faculty on the internationalisation of US campuses. In preparing the book, the authors conducted extensive interviews with faculty at thirty-seven institutions of higher education.
Merchants of Buenos Aires 1778–1810
Authors: Socolow Susan Migden
Published: August 2010

By the end of the eighteenth century, Buenos Aires was one of the major commercial entrepots of the Spanish American empire. Chief among the beneficiaries of the new prosperity of the area were the wholesale merchants, a group of men who came to control the commerce of the entire Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata. This study, a contribution to the fields of social history and group biography, looks at the formation of the merchant group, and at the social patterns which assured the merchants' primacy in the economic and social life of the colony. Origin, education, recruitment, group perpetuation and social mobility are treated in depth. The role of women and marriage in recruiting individual merchants into mercantile families and clans is a central issue. Professor Socolow also looks at the merchants' roles in commerce and society, lay religious institutions and local government. A biography of one merchant, Gaspar de Santa Coloma, provides a case study of the multiple roles of a porteno merchant.