bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objetivos mundiales en la función docente dentro de la Nueva Escuela Mexicana
Authors: Rivera-del-Valle Mariela Danae
Published: March 2024

El ensayo aborda el análisis de los objetivos mundiales en la función docente dentro de la Nueva Escuela Mexicana (NEM). Se destaca el acercamiento epistemológico de la profesionalización del magisterio y su formación continua como elementos clave para alcanzar una educación de calidad en el siglo XXI. Además, se resalta el papel relevante de los docentes en la contribución a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU y la UNESCO, enfocándose en la promoción de una educación inclusiva y equitativa que atiende las necesidades de una sociedad en constante cambio y contribuye al desarrollo sostenible de México. Asimismo, se muestra la relación que tienen los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje dentro de los contextos educativos formales, no formales e informales.
Palabras clave:
Objetivos mundiales, función docente, Nueva Escuela Mexicana (NEM), contextos educativos.
 
ABSTRACT
The essay addresses the analysis of global objectives in the teaching function within the New Mexican School (NEM). The epistemological approach of the professionalization of the teaching profession and its continuous training are highlighted as key elements to achieve quality education in the 21st century. In addition, the relevant role of teachers in contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN and UNESCO is highlighted, focusing on the promotion of an inclusive and equitable education that meets the needs of a constantly changing society and contributes to development. sustainable Mexico. Likewise, the relationship between the teaching and learning processes within the formal, non-formal and informal educational contexts is shown.
Keywords:
Global objectives, teaching role, New Mexican School (NEM), educational contexts.
Editorial
Authors: León-González PhD. Jorge Luis
Published: March 2024

Estimados lectores:
La Nueva Escuelas Mexicana (NEM), es un modelo educativo con carácter humanista impulsado por la Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP) y el Estado mexicano para mejorar la calidad de la educación en México. Se trata de un proyecto que tiene como centro la formación integral de niños, adolescentes y jóvenes, con un aprendizaje de excelencia, inclusivo, pluricultural, colaborativo y equitativo, adaptado a todas las regiones de la república.
Con su puesta en práctica se busca que las personas recuperen los conocimientos y aprendizajes adquiridos para comprender la experiencia humana en su contexto histórico, social y cultural, de modo que puedan comprender la influencia del pasado en el presente para construir su futuro.
El Consejo Editorial de la Revista Mexicana de Investigación e Intervención Educativa (RMIIE), de la Universidad Pablo Latapí Sarre, pone a disposición de la comunidad científica internacional el primer número del año 2024 con algunas aportaciones nacionales e internacionales que se encuentran a la par del enfoque del Modelo Educativo de la Nueva Escuela Mexicana.
Esperamos que los temas tratados resulten de interés para todos aquellos que investigan temas similares y que los motive a enviar sus contribuciones para futuros números.
Garantías laborales para mujeres embarazadas: perspectiva de género y protección reforzada desde la formación universitaria
Authors: Corral-Calderón Gustavo Xavier , Gómez-Rodríguez Lucila , Córdova-Díaz Marcia Jacqueline
Published: March 2024

Este artículo analiza las garantías laborales de las mujeres embarazadas en Ecuador, desde una perspectiva de género y con énfasis en la protección reforzada que se debe brindar desde la formación universitaria. Se examina el marco jurídico ecuatoriano, incluyendo la Constitución, el Código del Trabajo y la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional, para identificar las normas y principios que protegen los derechos de las mujeres embarazadas en el lugar de trabajo. En este contexto también se analiza la perspectiva de género, destacando la necesidad de eliminar la discriminación y los estereotipos de género que afectan a las mujeres en el trabajo. Finalmente, se propone un modelo de formación universitaria que incorpora la perspectiva de género y la protección reforzada de los derechos de las mujeres embarazadas.
Palabras clave:
Garantías laborales, mujeres embarazadas, perspectiva de género, protección reforzada, formación universitaria.
 
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the labor guarantees for pregnant women in Ecuador, from a gender perspective and with emphasis on the reinforced protection that must be provided from university training. The Ecuadorian legal framework is examined, including the Constitution, the Labor Code and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, to identify the norms and principles that protect the rights of pregnant women in the workplace. The gender perspective is also analyzed in this context, highlighting the need to eliminate discrimination and gender stereotypes that affect women at work. Finally, a university training model is proposed that incorporates the gender perspective and reinforced protection of the rights of pregnant women.
Keywords:
Labor guarantees, pregnant women, gender perspective, reinforced protection, university education.
Absurdism and its relation to faith in Beckett's play "Waiting for Godot"
Authors: Ponomareva Anastasiia
Published: March 2024

The aim of the work is to pose the problem of the relation of absurdism to faith, considered by the example of the text of S. Beckett's literary work "Waiting for Godot". Research objectives: to give a philosophical analysis of artistic images, to reveal the specifics of the attitude to God among existentialist authors. The object of the study is the text of the play "Waiting for Godot", the subject is the connection of absurdism with the theological and providentialist attitude. The philosophy of the absurd is considered as bringing existentialist thinking to its ultimate foundations. The absurd, as the antipode of the theory of providentialism, represents a pole in the thinking of a religious person who is desperate to find cause-and-effect relationships in the world. According to the author, absurdism as a philosophical trend is rooted precisely in the religious worldview. The author tries to revise the term "absurdism" and find an answer to the question of what place the search for God occupies in absurdism. Examining the work of S. Beckett "Waiting for Godot", the author seeks to prove that one of the sources of absurdism is the awareness of abandonment by God (in the variation "God died" or "God turned away"), which is necessarily associated with attributing to God the function of giving meaning to things, processes, phenomena. The author's main contribution to the research of the topic is to identify the theological attitude as the basis for philosophical trends that position themselves as atheistic.
Assembly of neuron- and radial glial cell-derived extracellular matrix molecules promotes radial migration of developing cortical neurons
Authors: Mubuchi Ayumu , Takechi Mina , Nishio Shunsuke , Matsuda Tsukasa , Itoh Yoshifumi , Sato Chihiro , Kitajima Ken , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Miyata Shinji
Published: March 2024

Radial neuronal migration is a key neurodevelopmental event for proper cortical laminar organization. The multipolar-to-bipolar transition, a critical step in establishing neuronal polarity during radial migration, occurs in the subplate/intermediate zone (SP/IZ), a distinct region of the embryonic cerebral cortex. It has been known that the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are enriched in the SP/IZ. However, the molecular constitution and functions of the ECM formed in this region remain poorly understood. Here, we identified neurocan (NCAN) as a major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the SP/IZ. NCAN binds to both radial glial cell-derived tenascin-C (TNC) and hyaluronan (HA), a large linear polysaccharide, forming a ternary complex of NCAN, TNC, and HA in the SP/IZ. Developing cortical neurons make contact with the ternary complex during migration. The enzymatic or genetic disruption of the ternary complex impairs radial migration by suppressing the multipolar-to-bipolar transition. Furthermore, both TNC and NCAN promoted the morphological maturation of cortical neurons
in vitro
. The present results provide evidence for the cooperative role of neuron- and radial glial cell-derived ECM molecules in cortical development.
Dopamine lesions alter the striatal encoding of single-limb gait
Authors: Yang Long , Singla Deepak , Wu Alexander K. , Cross Katy A. , Masmanidis Sotiris C.
Published: March 2024

The striatum an important role in motor control, and neurons in this area encode the body’s initiation, cessation, and speed of locomotion. However, it remains unclear whether the same neurons also encode the step-by-step rhythmic motor patterns of individual limbs that characterize gait. By combining high-speed video tracking, electrophysiology, and optogenetic tagging, we found that a sizable population of both D1 and D2 receptor expressing medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) were phase-locked to the gait cycle of individual limbs in mice. Healthy animals showed balanced limb phase-locking between D1 and D2 MSNs, while dopamine depletion led to stronger phase-locking in D2 MSNs. These findings indicate that striatal neurons represent gait on a single-limb and step basis, and suggest that elevated limb phase-locking of D2 MSNs may underlie some of the gait impairments associated with dopamine loss.
Plant growth regulators mitigate oxidative damage to rice seedling roots by NaCl stress
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Zhao Li-ming , Feng Naijie , Zheng Dianfeng , Shen Xue Feng , Zhou Hang , Jiang Wenxin , Du Youwei , Zhao Huimin , Lu Xutong , Deng Peng
Published: March 2024

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of exogenous sprays of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 2-Diethylaminoethyl hexanoate (DTA-6) on the growth and salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. This study was conducted in a solar greenhouse at Guangdong Ocean University, where ‘Huanghuazhan’ was selected as the test material, and 40 mg/L 5-ALA and 30 mg/L DTA-6 were applied as foliar sprays at the three-leaf-one-heart stage of rice, followed by treatment with 0.3% NaCl (W/W) 24 h later. A total of six treatments were set up as follows: (1) CK: control, (2) A: 40 mg⋅ L−1 5-ALA, (3) D: 30 mg⋅ L−1 DTA-6, (4) S: 0.3% NaCl, (5) AS: 40 mg⋅ L−1 5-ALA + 0.3% NaCl, and (6) DS: 30 mg⋅ L−1 DTA-6+0.3% NaCl. Samples were taken at 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 d after NaCl treatment to determine the morphology and physiological and biochemical indices of rice roots. The results showed that NaCl stress significantly inhibited rice growth; disrupted the antioxidant system; increased the rates of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion production; and affected the content of related hormones. Malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content, and superoxide anion production rate significantly increased from 12.57% to 21.82%, 18.12% to 63.10%, and 7.17% to 56.20%, respectively, in the S treatment group compared to the CK group. Under salt stress, foliar sprays of both 5-ALA and DTA-6 increased antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoregulatory substance content; expanded non-enzymatic antioxidant AsA and GSH content; reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; lowered malondialdehyde content; increased endogenous hormones GA3, JA, IAA, SA, and ZR content; and lowered ABA content in the rice root system. The MDA, H2O2, and O2− contents were reduced from 35.64% to 56.92%, 22.30% to 53.47%, and 7.06% to 20.01%, respectively, in the AS treatment group compared with the S treatment group. In the DS treatment group, the MDA, H2O2, and O2− contents were reduced from 24.60% to 51.09%, 12.14% to 59.05%, and 12.70% to 45.20%. In summary, NaCl stress exerted an inhibitory effect on the rice root system, both foliar sprays of 5-ALA and DTA-6 alleviated damage from NaCl stress on the rice root system, and the effect of 5-ALA was better than that of DTA-6.
MODERN MAKİNE ÇEVİRİSİ TEKNOLOJİLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMA
Authors: RAMİZOĞLU Ruşen
Published: March 2024

Çağdaş dönemde makine çevirisi teknolojilerinin sayısı ve çeşitliliği her geçen gün artmaktadır. Günümüzde herhangi bir metni bir dilden diğerine çeviren birçok çeviri programı mevcuttur. Çeviri sürecinde hafızasındaki çeşitli kelimeleri, cümleleri, sözcük öbeklerini ve deyimleri karşılaştırarak çeviri dilinde onların kaynak dile daha uygun karşılığını bulabilen programların yaptığı çeviri, daha kaliteli çeviri olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Ancak bu tür çeviri programları çoğunlukla genel amaçlı programlardır. Genel amaçlı çeviri programlarının yanı sıra belirli bir alan çevirisine yönelik geliştirilmiş çeviri programları da vardır. Her kullanıcı bu programlardan ilgi ve hedeflerine uygun olanı seçebilir.

Makine çevirisi programlarının avantajları olduğu kadar dezavantajları da vardır. Araştırmamızda son yılların en popüler çeviri programlarının avantajları ve dezavantajları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu avantaj ve dezavantajları inceleyen bir çevirmen, ihtiyacı olan çeviri programını seçerken daha doğru karar verebilecektir. Ayrıca araştırmada makine çevirisi teknolojilerinin detaylı analizi yapılmış ve bu teknolojiler hakkında gerekli bilgiler verilmiştir. Araştırmanın hem çevirmenler hem de makine çevirisi alanında araştırma yapan araştırmacılar için bir veri tabanı işlevi göreceği düşünülmektedir.
MOĞOLLARDA AT DAMGALAMA GELENEKLERİ VE DAMGA (TAMGA) TÜRLERİ
Authors: SYEITKHAN Shynarbyek
Published: March 2024

At, eski çağlardan beri göçebelerin en yakın arkadaşı ve savaşçılarda sahibine güç, ruh veren aziz bir hayvandır. Bu nedenle tüm göçebe halkları özellikle atlara saygı duyarlar. Moğol halkı da atlara özel bir saygıyla davranır. Ayrıca yarış atlarının bakımına, durumuna ve sağlığına önem verir. At damgalama Moğol halkları arasında eskiden beri devam eden bir gelenektir. Atı kızgın demir ile damgalamak, yalnızca ata sahip olmak amacıyla değil, Moğolların inançlarına göre türlü kötülük ve musibetlerden korumaktadır. At genelde taylağından itibaren damgalanmaktadır. Atları damgalama sürecinde özel geleneksel etkinlikler ve şenlikler düzenlenmektedir. Moğollarda at damgalama geleneği ile ilgili Moğolca yazılmış birkaç kitap ve bazı makaleler dışında diğer dillerde yapılmış araştırmalar oldukça az olmakla birlikte atları damgalamakla ilgili bilimsel olarak özel bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada Moğollarda at damgalama geleneklerine ilişkin bazı kaynaklar ve bilimsel araştırmalardan yararlanılarak bu konunun daha ayrıntılı olarak ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca Moğolların ata olan saygısından, gelenek ve inançlarından da söz edilmektedir.
The Effectiveness of Essay Writing Training Module in Improving Literacy Skills of High School Students
Authors: Zakaria Shabiel , Gani Hamsu Abdul , Kamaruddin Syamsu Andi , Bundu Patta
Published: March 2024

This research aims to determine the effectiveness and validity of essay writing training module in improving the literacy skills of high school students. The research design used in this study is the ADDIE development research model. This development research was conducted from 15th to 30th December 2023 at secondary School. The research subjects are the supervising teachers and students who are members of the KIR UPT SMAN 1 Bone. The research objects include: (1) the essay writing skills of the students, (2) the response of the supervising teachers of KIR UPT SMAN 1 Bone to the developed training module, and (3) the response of the students who are members of KIR UPT SMAN 1 Bone to the developed training module. The instruments used to collect information in this development research are observation sheets and questionnaires. Based on the data analysis, according to the percentage of assessment by KIR UPT SMAN 1 Bone members regarding the effectiveness of the essay writing training module, out of 25 KIR UPT SMAN 1 Bone members, 19 students stated that the module is very effective, five students stated that the module is effective, and one student stated that the module is sufficiently effective. The research results show that the effectiveness test results of the essay writing training module development indicate that 76% of the respondents consider the module to be very effective, 20% of the respondents consider the module to be effective, and 4% of the respondents consider the module to be moderately effective in improving the literacy writing skills of the students. The validity test results of the essay writing training module development by subject matter experts and media experts indicate that the designed module is highly valid for use in improving the literacy writing skills of the students.
Physicochemical and Nutritive Properties Evaluation of Five Infant Flours Produced in Korhogo in Northern Ivory Coast after Conservation
Authors: Souleymane Soumahoro , Fabrice Zoro Armel , Liliane Kouamé Maïmouna , Constant Acho Florentin , Réné Soro Yadé , Abdoulaye Touré
Published: March 2024

Objective of this study is to evaluate the physicochemical and nutritional properties of 5 infant flours produced by the ONG Tasnim located in Korhogo in the north of Ivory Coast. 3 samples of each formulation were collected and mixed to constitute the single sample of each formulation.

The flours reconstitued were stored for 2 months. Each month samples are taken for the various analyzes according to the AOAC. The results obtained showed that humidity (3.21 – 5.92% to 3.48 – 7.78%), proteins (11.42 – 25.37% to 21.43 – 33.29%) and acidity (0.73 – 1.10% to 0.83 – 2.20%) increase during storage unlike carbohydrates (51.53 – 66.37% to 47.25 – 58.49%), lipids (10.80 – 20.50% to 4.70 – 13.70%) and energy value (422.76 – 481.02 Kcal/100g to 382.98 – 431.22 Kcal /100g) which are decreasing. These results suggest that the formulations should be stored for a period not exceeding 1 month in order to effectively contribute to the fight against malnutrition in low-income households.
DA MASCULINIDADE AO “MACHISMO BRUTAL AGUDO”
Authors: Valverde Denubila Rodrigo
Published: March 2024

Com base nas obras de O rei de Havana e Fabián e o caos, do autor contemporâneo cubano Pedro Juan Gutiérrez, discute-se as construções das masculinidades, ou seja, os diferentes aspectos sócio-historicamente atribuídos ao ser do “ser homem”. Para tal, retoma-se as considerações de Elisabeth Badinter, em XY: sobre a identidade masculina; de Kate Millet, em Política sexual; de Wilhelm Reich, em A revolução sexual e de Heleieth Saffioti, em O poder do macho. Focaliza-se a construção das identidades masculinas, sendo que essa reflete na sexualidade e na relação com o outro. Objetiva-se, portanto, reconhecer como, independentemente do sistema político adotado, as relações patriarcais determinam a diferenciação entre as condutas certas e as condenáveis, em determinados contextos, como ser gay na Cuba pós-revolução castrista, que levam às dissidências e à homofobia. Observa-se igualmente como essas determinações da masculinidade influenciam as relações entre homens e mulheres, assim como alicerçam-se em um frágil discurso que fundamenta as axiologias do ser homem.
Phospholipid polymer hydrogel formed by the photodimerization of cinnamoyl groups in the polymer side chain
Authors: Yamaguchi Jun , Watanabe Junji , Takai Madoka , Ishihara Kazuhiko
Published: January 2007

We synthesized new polymers with both photocrosslinkability and biocompatibility by a random copolymerization of 4‐(4‐methoxycinnamoyl)phenyl methacrylate and 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine. These polymers were used as prepolymers to make a hydrogel by photoirradiation. Gelation began with 5 s of photoirradiation and reached an equilibrium state after 360 s of photoirradiation. The absorption maximum at 347 nm, attributed to the cinnamoyl group, disappeared with the photoirradiation time. That is, dimerization between cinnamoyl groups in the polymer proceeded and formed a hydrogel. The equilibrium water concentration of the hydrogels was more than 90%. Moreover, we succeeded in making a microshape hydrogel on glass by photoirradiation through a photomask. The window shape of the photomask was transferred to the hydrogel that was formed. We concluded that these photocrosslinkable polymers could be useful in preparing microfluidic devices for separating or immobilizing biomolecules and cells. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 44–50, 2007
Provider roles in the recruitment of underrepresented populations to cancer clinical trials
Authors: Howerton Mollie W. , Gibbons M. Chris , Baffi Charles R. , Gary Tiffany L. , Lai Gabriel Y. , Bolen Shari , Tilburt Jon , Tanpitukpongse Teerath Peter , Wilson Renee F. , Powe Neil R. , Bass Eric B. , Ford Jean G.
Published: January 2007

BACKGROUND.

Providers play a vital role in the successful recruitment of underrepresented patients to cancer clinical trials because they often introduce the opportunity of clinical trials. The purpose of the current systematic review was to describe provider‐related factors influencing recruitment of underrepresented populations to cancer clinical trials.

METHODS.

To find original studies on the recruitment of underrepresented populations to cancer clinical trials, electronic databases from January 1966 to December 2005 were searched; hand‐searched titles in 34 journals from January 2003 to January 2006; and reference lists were examined of eligible articles. Title and abstract reviews were conducted to identify relevant studies. Potential articles were then abstracted using a structured instrument and a serial review process by 2 investigators.

RESULTS.

Eighteen studies were eligible for review: 13 targeted healthcare providers, 3 targeted patients/participants, and 2 targeted both providers and patients. The study designs included randomized controlled trial, concurrent controlled trial, case‐control, descriptive, and qualitative. A lack of available protocols and/or a lack of provider awareness about clinical trials prevented providers from discussing the opportunity of clinical trials in 2 studies. In 14 studies, patient accrual was affected by provider attitudinal barriers relating to patient adherence to the study protocol, patient mistrust of research, patient costs, data collection costs, and/or patient eligibility. Providers' communication methods were barriers in 5 studies and promoters in 1 study.

CONCLUSIONS.

A heterogeneous body of evidence suggests that several provider‐related factors influence recruitment of underrepresented groups to clinical trials. Future recruitment efforts should address these factors. Cancer 2007;109:465–476. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Perfectionism and psychological distress: evidence of the mediating effects of rumination
Authors: O'Connor Daryl B. , O'Connor Rory C. , Marshall Rachel
Published: January 2007

Three studies investigated the role of ruminative tendencies in mediating the effects of multidimensional perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991) on psychological distress. Study 1 (Sample 1, N = 279; Sample 2, N = 224) and Study 2 (N = 205) found evidence, cross‐sectionally and prospectively, that brooding ruminative response style either fully or partially mediated the effects of socially prescribed and self‐oriented perfectionism on psychological distress, depression and hopelessness levels. In addition, Study 3 (N = 163) confirmed these mediation effects for socially prescribed perfectionism in relation to depression and hopelessness, 2 months later, after initial levels of distress were controlled. Overall, these findings provide evidence that brooding ruminative response style is an important mechanism that can explain, in part, the relationship between perfectionism and distress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of various authoritarianism scales in Belgian Flanders
Authors: Van Hiel Alain , Cornelis Ilse , Roets Arne , De Clercq Barbara
Published: January 2007

The present study compared in a Flemish adult sample (N = 480) four recently developed authoritarianism scales as well as the widely used Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) scale. Results revealed that all these measures were strongly related and that they showed relationships of comparable magnitude with various indicators of right‐wing ideology such as conservatism and racism, as well as with political party preferences. Analyses confirmed the superior fit of a multidimensional model for the scales that are assumed to have an explicit underlying multidimensional structure, but it was also revealed that there was little consensus on what these dimensions exactly mean. Finally, the results indicated serious problems of overlap between cultural conservatism and authoritarianism for some of the scales. Having relied exclusively on an empirical method for comparing the utility of these scales, the use of other criteria for a final assessment of the authoritarianism scales is elaborated upon. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoelectron imaging of I2− at 5.826eV
Authors: Parsons Bradley F. , Sheehan Sean M. , Kautzman Kathryn E. , Yen Terry A. , Neumark Daniel M.
Published: January 2007

We report the anion photoelectron spectrum of I2− taken at 5.826eV detachment energy using velocity mapped imaging. The photoelectron spectrum exhibits bands resulting from transitions to the bound regions of the XΣg+1(0g+), A′Πu3(2u), AΠu3(1u), and BΠu3(0u+) electronic states as well as bands resulting from transitions to the repulsive regions of several I2 electronic states: the B′Πu3(0u−), B″Πu1(1u), Πg3(2g), aΠg3(1g), Πg3(0g−), and CΣu+3(1u) states. We simulate the photoelectron spectrum using literature parameters for the I2− and I2 ground and excited states. The photoelectron spectrum includes bands resulting from transitions to several high-lying excited states of I2 that have not been seen experimentally: Πg3(0g−), Πg13(1g), 1Σg−33(0g+), and the Σg−13(0u−) states of I2. Finally, the photoelectron spectrum at 5.826eV allows for the correction of a previous misassignment for the vertical detachment energy of the I2 BΠu3(0u+) state.
Characterization of guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Jian Zhongping , Mittleman Daniel M.
Published: January 2007

We describe experimental studies of guided resonances in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs using coherent single-cycle terahertz pulses. Our measurements directly reveal two stages of pulse transmission in the time domain: an initial pulse resulting from the direct transmission through the photonic crystal slab and a long-lived decaying tail resulting from the finite lifetime of guided resonance modes. These reflect the coupling of a set of discrete modes to the free-space continuum, which produces guided resonances with Fano resonance profiles. Phase spectra are also obtained experimentally, and these also exhibit the signatures of guided resonances. By changing the incident angle of the input beam, we change the spectrum of guided resonances excited by the incident wave. Our experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations.
Green functions for wave propagation on a five-dimensional manifold and the associated gauge fields generated by a uniformly moving point source
Authors: Aharonovich I. , Horwitz L. P.
Published: January 2007

Gauge fields associated with the manifestly covariant dynamics of particles in (3,1) space time are five dimensional (5D). We provide solutions of the classical 5D gauge field equations in both (4,1) and (3,2) flat space-time metrics for the simple example of a uniformly moving point source. Green functions for the 5D field equations are obtained, which are consistent with the solutions for uniform motion obtained directly from the field equations with free asymptotic conditions.
Electromagnetic noise suppression characteristics of a coplanar waveguide transmission line integrated with a magnetic thin film
Authors: Sohn Jaecheon , Han S. H. , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Lim S. H.
Published: January 2007

Integrated-type electromagnetic noise suppressors based on a coplanar waveguide transmission line, incorporated with a SiO2 dielectric and a nanogranular Co–Fe–Al–O magnetic thin film with excellent high frequency soft magnetic properties, are reported. A systematic study on the frequency dependences of scattering parameters, power loss, and phases of transmitted and reflected signals as a function of the length and width of the magnetic thin film indicates that the main loss mechanism of the integrated devices is the L-C resonance. Excellent noise suppression characteristics, combined with a resonance frequency of several gigahertz, are achieved in the present integrated devices.
Control of electro-osmostic flow by light
Authors: Oroszi László , Dér András , Kirei Huba , Ormos Pál , Rakovics Vilmos
Published: January 2007

The author introduce a technique for the optical control of electro-osmosis. One wall of the microfluidic channel is formed by a photoconductive material. Illumination of the photoconductor results in a local drop of the electric field in the microchannel, reducing the electro-osmotic driving force. Fluid flow can be effectively modulated by light utilizing this effect. They verified the phenomenon in linear channels and further developed the method by building a Y junction, an optically controlled microfluidic switch. This unit is the basis of more complex flow patterns: it demonstrates the feasibility of dynamic optical control of microfluidic devices.
Permittivity enhancement of aluminum oxide thin films with the addition of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Ravindran R. , Gangopadhyay K. , Gangopadhyay S. , Mehta N. , Biswas N.
Published: January 2007

Multilayer reactive electron-beam evaporation of thin aluminum oxide layers with embedded silver nanoparticles (Ag-nps) has been used to create a dielectric thin film with an enhanced permittivity. The results show a frequency dependent increase of the dielectric constant κ. Overall stack κ of the control sample was found to be 7.7–7.4 in the 1kHz–1MHz range. This is in comparison with κ=16.7–13.0 over the same frequency range in the sample with Ag-nps. Capacitance-voltage and conductance-voltage measurements indicate the presence of charge capture resulting from the Ag-nps. The authors attribute this dielectric constant enhancement to dipole and space charge polarization mechanisms.
Anti–TNF-α therapy induces a distinct regulatory T cell population in patients with rheumatoid arthritis via TGF-β
Authors: Nadkarni Suchita , Mauri Claudia , Ehrenstein Michael R.
Published: January 2007

The induction of regulatory T (T reg) cells holds considerable potential as a treatment for autoimmune diseases. We have previously shown that CD4+CD25hi T reg cells isolated from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a defect in their ability to suppress proinflammatory cytokine production by CD4+CD25− T cells. This defect, however, was overcome after anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibody (infliximab) therapy. Here, we demonstrate that infliximab therapy gives rise to a CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ T reg cell population, which mediates suppression via transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin 10, and lacks CD62L expression, thereby distinguishing this T reg cell subset from natural T reg cells present in healthy individuals and patients with active RA. In vitro, infliximab induced the differentiation of CD62L− T reg cells from CD4+CD25− T cells isolated from active RA patients, a process dependent on TGF-β. In spite of the potent suppressor capacity displayed by this CD62L− T reg cell population, the natural CD62L+ T reg cells remained defective in infliximab-treated patients. These results suggest that anti–TNF-α therapy in RA patients generates a newly differentiated population of T reg cells, which compensates for the defective natural T reg cells. Therefore, manipulation of a proinflammatory environment could represent a therapeutic strategy for the induction of T reg cells and the restoration of tolerance.
On a Suggested Simplification of the Established Pitch-Notation
Authors: Taylor Sedley
Published: January 2007

By way of introduction to the more distinctly practical portion of this paper, I propose to examine concisely the following question:— ‘What are the essential requisites of a good notation for musical pitch?’ I shall then enquire how far the system in common use satisfies the conditions which an answer to this question must embody. Before submitting to the Association some suggestions of my own for remedying the defects which will thus be brought to light, I shall make a few observations on the leading methods by which others have sought to attain the same object. This will be done with no desire to disparage the merits of these schemes, but merely in order to show that their success has not been so complete as to render further efforts superfluous and uncalled for.
On Certain Principles of Musical Exposition Considered Educationally and with Special Reference to Current Systems of Musical Theory
Authors: Cobb Gerard F.
Published: January 2007

Before resuming our subject it will be desirable briefly to mention a few points dealt with at the last meeting, just to make the position of the question clear. By “Musical Physics” we mean the science that deals with the origin of musical sounds, and their mode of transmission through the air. These sounds are conducted by the ear to the brain. So far as the stages by which they are so conducted have been brought within the range of knowledge, they are physiological; operations beyond this, the nature of which still remains unrevealed to us, we entitle psychic. It was stated, on the authority of a most eminent physiologist, that science has as yet discovered no difference whatever between the ear of the musician and the ear of the non-musician; consequently our appreciation of music is not a physiological, but a psychical problem. The question then followed: Can musical physics explain musical psychics? Do the operations of the brain in dealing with musical sounds correspond in any degree with those constant features of them which are physically demonstrable, and which form a portion of what we call the immutable laws of Nature? It was thoroughly established by quotations from the works of the Professors of music at our two oldest Universities, as well as from other sources, that there exists a strong tendency to apply these laws to explain the case, and to make them the basis of what is called musical theory. It was shown that these natural phenomena had been made the ground of special systems of chord classification, and of special chord treatment. We also found that some more or less systematic attempts had been made to trace the origin of the musical scale to the same source, and it was with an attempt to point out the difficulties in the way of any such derivation that the paper closed.
Words for Music
Authors: Browne M. E.
Published: January 2007

When the idea first occurred to me of writing a paper upon this subject—a subject in which, for more than twenty years, I have taken a practical interest—I put it aside, feeling that so light and literary a subject might possibly be regarded by some of our more scientific members as hardly worthy of the attention of one whole monthly meeting; and also hesitating, as a comparatively new member, to come forward and occupy a position which is so frequently filled by more experienced writers, treating of more exclusively musical matters. However, in each new paper which I listened to here I recognised, as I thought, an absence of dogmatism which clearly distinguished the readers of our papers from lecturers or teachers; it seemed to me that the tone of our meetings was not so much to gather instruction from the reader of the paper as to gather instruction from the members present, by the help of the reader of the paper. And therefore, not in the expectation of being able to teach anything new to anybody present here this evening, but as one anxious that a favourite subject should be discussed by this society, I ventured to offer this paper to the secretary.
French Binary Air within Italian Aria da Capo in Montéclair's Third Book of Cantatas
Authors: Anthony James R.
Published: January 2007

The twenty French and four Italian cantatas of Michel Pignolet de Montéclair are distributed over three printed editions dated 1709, 1713 and 1728 respectively. Bachelier in his Recueil de cantates published in The Hague in 1728, described Montéclair's first two cantata books as follows:

Mr Montéclair through his individual taste gives pleasure to those who hear him. His melody and skilful accompaniments à l'italienne enliven his works. Since the texts with which he has worked are not the most usual, it is undoubtedly his good taste which has suggested to him the manner of treating them. … I have no doubt that were the poems in the style of Mr Rousseau to fall into his hands, he would use them with success and win the approbation of Connoisseurs.
Secular Influences in the Bolognese Sonata da Chiesa
Authors: Allsop Peter
Published: January 2007

Despite important contributions in the realms of sacred vocal music, it has long been acknowledged that the most significant factor in the rise of the Bologna School was its concentration to an unprecedented and ever increasing extent on the production and publication of instrumental music. Before the 1660s the Venetian presses held a virtual monopoly in this field, but almost overnight they were eclipsed by the Bolognese publishing houses of Pisarri, Dozza, Silvani and Giacomo Monti. The relative importance of instrumental to vocal music may be gauged by comparing the catalogues for 1621, 1649 and 1661 of the Venetian, Alessandro Vincenti, who includes between six and ten per cent of instrumental music, and those of Monti (1680?) and Silvani (1698–9) containing respectively 30 and 60 per cent. It is perhaps not so generally recognized that the majority of collections which issued with such profusion from the Bolognese presses were not designed for church use but were mainly sets of dance or chamber music. This neglect of the secular aspects of the Bolognese development has led to some fundamental misconceptions about the precise contribution of the Bologna School to late seventeenth-century instrumental forms.
The Tasche of Lucca: 150 years of Political Serenatas
Authors: Biagi-Ravenni Gabriella , Gianturco Carolyn
Published: January 2007

The real rise of Lucca dates from the end of the twelfth century when many of the nobility moved within the city walls, declared themselves ready to defend them, and chose a Podestà as their head. But the ensuing centuries found Lucca often in conflict with other comuni such as Florence and Modena, with the Church especially over control of the Garfagnana mountains, and with the nearby sea republic of Pisa which sacked Lucca in 1314 in order to form with it a strong ghibelline force against Florence. Due to a series of unfortunate political manoeuvres, Lucca next found itself tossed from one owner to another. First it was sold to Francesco Castracani, then to Gherardo Spinola, to John of Bohemia, to the Rossi of Parma, the Scaligeri of Verona, and to Florence from where it passed back to Pisa in 1342. In 1369 Emperor Charles IV freed Lucca of Pisa, and although he kept it somewhat under himself, he allowed it to write a statute as a republic in 1372. Unfortunately independence soon gave way to domination by Paolo Guinigi who managed to keep control from 1400 to 1430. Only then was Lucca once again able to assert itself as a republic, a situation it guarded proudly and jealously for three centuries, until 1799 when France and Austria began. alternately to occupy it. In 1805 Napoleon installed his sister Elisa Bonaparte and her husband Felice Baciocchi as rulers of what then became the Principality of Lucca.
Cardinal Scipione Gonzaga (1542–93): ‘Quel padrone confidentissimo’
Authors: Fenlon Iain
Published: January 2007

If Scipione Gonzaga is remembered at all today, it is most likely to be for his friendship and patronage of Torquato Tasso; as the dedicatee of the poet's youthful Discorsi dell'arte poetica and one of his dialogues, the transcriber (in the crucial year 1575) of all the stanzas of the Liberata then available to him, and the editor of the celebrated edition of the full text of the poem brought out by the Mantuan printer Osanna in 1584. Of his own literary efforts little remains. A handful of poems in a respectable if conventional Petrarchesque idiom appeared during his lifetime; on the other hand the Commentam, evidently inspired by classical precedent and a rare example from the period of a prelate's autobiography, was not published until the end of the eighteenth century when it appeared in an elaborate edition with annotations by Giuseppe Marotti.
Alessandro Grandi: A Case Study in the Choice of Texts for Motets
Authors: Roche Jerome
Published: January 2007

It is perhaps still true that research into sacred types of music in early seventeenth-century Italy lags behind that into madrigal, monody and opera; it is certainly the case that the textual aspects of sacred music, themselves closely bound up with liturgical questions, have not so far received the kind of study that has been taken for granted with regard to the literary texts of opera and of secular vocal music. This is hardly to be wondered at: unlike great madrigal poetry or the work of the best librettists, sacred texts do not include much that can be valued as art in its own right. Nevertheless, if we are to understand better the context of the motet – as distinct from the musical setting of liturgical entities such as Mass, Vespers or Compline – we need a clearer view of the types of text that were set, the way in which composers exercised their choice, and the way such taste was itself changing in relation to the development of musical styles. For the motet was the one form of sacred music in which an Italian composer of the early decades of the seventeenth century could combine a certain freedom of textual choice with an adventurousness of musical idiom.
Postscript
Authors: Weber William
Published: January 2007

This conference illustrates how far the social history of music has come within the last two decades. Since musicological study was founded in the late nineteenth century, social topics have sometimes been looked upon as a threat to the integrity of the field, indeed of the music itself; the imputation of social interpretations seemed to some people to undermine the whole endeavour of musical study. The very grammar of the often-used phrase ‘Music and Society’ carried with it an unfortunate dualism that made the two parts seem disjunct, indeed ultimately incompatible. What was so refreshing about this conference was that the old problem just did not come up. It was assumed implicitly, as has been happening increasingly in the literature, that music is part of society, and that society turns to music to fulfil certain needs integral to it. With so fussy an old issue set aside, we can now go on to much more profitable matters. Some problems do remain, of course, over how independent musical and social analysis are of each other, but that is a tactical question as to the conduct of research that does not raise doubts about the very nature of the field as the old question used to do.
Improvised Vocal Ornamentation and German Baroque Compositional Theory—An Approach to ‘Historical’ Performance Practice
Authors: Butt John
Published: January 2007

Since it has been observed that artistic singers and also instrumentalists have somewhat digressed from the notes here and there, and thus have given occasion to invent an agreeable kind of figure; for what can be sung with reasonable euphony might well indeed also be written down.
The English Anthem Text, 1549–1660
Authors: Morehen John
Published: January 2007

The extensive repertory of English anthems composed between the passing of the Act of Uniformity (1549) and the cessation of church services precipitated by the Civil War during the 1640s has been the focus of such concentrated attention in recent years that, on first sight at least, few important facets appear to have languished in neglect. Amongst those aspects of the anthem which have been subjected to detailed scrutiny are the genre itself,' the associated printed and manuscript music sources, the many vexing problems of performance practice, and the anthem settings of most of the principal composers. One conspicuous omission from this research profile, however, is any survey of anthem texts, a subject of such fundamental importance as to refute any suggestion that the present understanding of the anthem genre is complete.
‘There is No Music in Chinese Music History’: Five Court Tunes from the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1271–1368)
Authors: Lam Joseph S. C.
Published: January 2007

‘There is no music in Chinese music history.’ This paradox is often expressed by music scholars in Hong Kong, a modern metropolis in which Chinese and Western musics and music scholarship mingle and thrive. Highlighting the contrasts between traditional Chinese and contemporary Western views of music and music historiography, the paradox refers to the scholars' observation that Chinese music histories include few descriptions of actual music, and that performances of early Chinese music are often inauthentic. Published accounts of China's musical past include little hard evidence about the structure and sounds of specific musical works. Thus, the scholars argue, the accounts are more theoretical than factual, and their musical descriptions disputable. Public performances and recorded examples of early Chinese music reveal obvious use of Western tonal harmony and counterpoint, and thus cannot be authentic music from China of the past. The scholars' arguments, however, cannot refute that in Hong Kong many Chinese music masters and audiences find the so-called early Chinese music authentic and its histories credible.
Rewriting Don Giovanni, or ‘The Thieving Magpies’
Authors: Ellis Katharine
Published: January 2007

Mozart's text has undergone no changes. Just as it is performed in the great cities of Germany and Italy, so will it be performed at the great Paris Opéra. … The respect due to the memory of the illustrious master has not for an instant been forgotten in the staging of the French Don Juan. The slightest alteration has been outlawed as sacrilege.
The Exiled Court of James II and James III: A Centre of Italian Music in France, 1689–1712
Authors: Corp Edward T.
Published: January 2007

Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688–9, James II and the Stuart royal family lived in exile as the guests of Louis XIV at the Château de St-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris. James II died in 1701 and was succeeded as king-in-exile by his son, James III. The court of these two kings remained at St-Germain-en-Laye for well over 20 years, until James III was expelled from France at the demand of the British government.
The Registers of the Voice
Authors: Behnke Emil
Published: January 2007

I have to say a few words to you this afternoon on the Registers of the Human Voice. My definition of the registers is this :—A register consists of a series of tones produced by the same mechanism. If we were to hear two men outside playing a scale, one commencing on a double bass, and the other continuing, say, on a violoncello, without the scale being interrupted, we should know exactly where the one left off and where the other one came in. In a similar way several series of tones are produced by different mechanisms in the human voice, and each of such series I term a register; the mechanism of some of the registers may be seen just the same as the tones of these registers may be heard.