bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of Oyster Mushroom on Different Substrates Using Cylindrical Block System
Authors: Dey RC , Nasiruddin KM , Haque MS , Al Munsur MAZ
Published: August 2014

The experiments were conducted at the Mushroom and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Horticulture Demonstration and Training Center (HDTC), DAE, Keyotkhali, Mymensingh during the period from February to May 2006. Oyster mushroom was cultivated on different substrates viz. paddy straw, sugarcane bagasse and mustard straw using cylindrical block system to find out suitable substrate. Different substrates significantly affected the number of primordia and fruiting bodies, and the amount of fresh weight or yield of Oyster mushroom in cylindrical block system. The highest number of primordia and fruiting bodies, and the amount of fresh weight was obtained with sugarcane bagasse in all flushes whereas, the lowest with mustard straw.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.16983 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 7 - 12, 2008
Effect of Miyodo on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield in T. Aman Rice cv. BR-11
Authors: Sarwar AKMG , Sultana J , Islam MO , Prodhan AKMA
Published: August 2014

An experiment was conducted in the field laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, to investigate the effect of foliar application of Miyodo on morphology, yield contributing characters and yield of T. aman rice cv. BR-11. The concentrations of Miyodo used were 2 mgL-1, 3 mgL-1, 4 mgL-1 and 5mgL-1 with a control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Application of Miyodo by spraying at 45 days after transplanting significantly enhanced plant height, number of tillers and effective tillers, number of leaves and leaf area, size of flag leaf, total dry matter, panicle length, number of total grains and filled grains, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index. The result showed that the application of 5 mgL-1 Miyodo produced the highest grain yield of BR-11 compared to other concentrations as well as control. However, further study is needed to determine the higher concentration limit of Miyodo in maximizing the growth and yield of T. aman rice cv. BR-11.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17106 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 45 - 49, 2008
Comparative Efficacy of Tobacco, Jute and Levavet® Against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Cattle
Authors: Amin MR , Mostofa M , Awal MA , Hakim SMA
Published: August 2014

The effect of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, Linn., @100mg/kg bwt.), jute (Corchorus capsularis, Linn., @100 mg/kg bwt.) and Levavet® (levamisole, @ 7.5 mg/kg bwt.) against natural gastrointestinal nematodes were studied in cattle. Their effect on hematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV and TLC), biochemical parameters (ALT and AST) and clinical parameter (body weight) were also observed. Twenty four (24) naturally parasitized cattle of BAU Dairy Farm, Mymensingh were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of six (6) cattle. Water extract of leaves of tobacco and jute were administered orally to the cattle of group A and B, respectively. Cattle of group C were treated with Levavet® orally. Cattle of group D was kept as infected control group. Fecal samples, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were examined before treatment and on 3rd, 10th, 17th and 28th day. A significant (p<0.01) reduction of EPG count was found following administration of tobacco (34.32-51.26%), jute (8.80-27.76%) and Levavet®(89.31-100%) in cattle. The EPG count of the control group (D) were significantly (p<0.01) increased up to the last day of experimental period. After treatment with tobacco, jute and Levavet®, total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb) content and packed cell volume (PCV) were gradually increased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in cattle. Conversely, the total leukocyte count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in treated cattle. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level were not significantly changed in the cattle. The body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in tobacco, jute and Levavet® treated cattle whereas decreased in control group. It is found that water extracts of tobacco leaves were moderately effective and jute leaves were relatively less effective against mixed gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17108 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 61 - 68, 2008
Histopathological Studies of Experimentally Infected Shing, Heteropneustes fossiliswith Aeromonas hydrophila Bacteria
Authors: Islam MT , Mostafa K , Rashid MM
Published: August 2014

Heteropneustes fossilis (shing) of 35g body weight were experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila by two different methods: viz. intraperitonial and intramuscular injection. A standard dose of infection (6.4 × 107 CFU/ml) was selected based on predetermined LD50. Each method gave rise to the mortality of shing up to 85%. Clinical signs of fish included injury, hemorrhage and large ulcerative lesions on the body at the injected area. In kidney, liver and intestine pathologically, massive atrophy and focal necrosis were found. Hemorrhage, Vacuolation and atrophy of hepatic sinusoids represented by necrosis of the sinusoidal lining cells, degeneration of hepatic tissue and distribution of bacterial cell all over the tissue were found in liver. Atrophy, hemorrhage, villi missing and missing of epithelium were found in intestine of the experimentally infected shing. Bacterial cells were distributed in the whole hematopoietic tissue including the renal tubules. Tissue abscess characterized by focal necrosis, hemorrhage and Vacuolation were also found in the kidney of the infected shing. But the above symptoms were not found in the organs of the apparently healthy shing species.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17359 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 89 - 96, 2008
Production and Economics of Gift Strain of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Small Seasonal Ponds
Authors: Khan S , Hossain MS , Hossain MM
Published: August 2014

The production and economics of GIFT strain of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in nine seasonal small ponds at Bangladesh Agricultural University campus for a period of three months during August to October were evaluated. The experiment was arranged in three treatments (T) each with three replications. The ponds were drained, limed and fertilized with organic and inorganic fertilizers during preparation. After stocking the fishes the ponds were fertilized weekly with cowdung, urea and TSP. Supplementary feed was not given in T1, but rice bran and mustard oilcake were given in T2 and commercial pellet feed in T3. Some water quality parameters were monitored at regular intervals and they were within acceptable range for aquaculture. The survival rates were high (>95%) in all treatments. Significantly highest production (3941.50 kg/ha in three months) was found in T3 followed by T2 (1845.5 kg/ha) and T1 (972.50 kg/ha). Similarly, significantly highest net return (Tk. 61805.00/ha with benefit cost ratio of 1.45) was found in T3 followed by T2 (Tk.1339.00/ha with benefit cost ratio of 1.01) and T1 (Tk. 201.50/ha with benefit cost ratio of 1.00).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17360 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 97 - 104, 2008
Poverty Reduction Through Self Employment of Women : A Study on Thengamara Mohila Sabuj Sangha (TMSS)
Authors: Siddique MAJ , Salehin MM , Ahmed JU , Islam AHMS
Published: August 2014

The study was designed to present the issues of self-employed women of Thengamara Mohila Sabuj Sangha (TMSS) in Shajahanpur Upazila of Bogra district considering their participation in different programmes of TMSS for poverty alleviation. The impact of the study was assessed in terms of economic and social gains accrued by the womens and their family activities. Data were collected randomly from four villages under Shajahanpur Upazila of Bogra district. Sixty members from ten societies consisted of 292 members were selected randomly. The test of mean difference, head count ratio, poverty gap were used towards poverty alleviation. The study revealed that per household annual average income was positively changed. The expenditure and saving pattern indicated a shift of positive attitude towards life and improvement in the standard of living due to womens contribution. The poverty situations also improved as compared with that of the national level. This small effort is an addition to the knowledge about the essential contribution of the self employed women in different programmes to their role and status in the society which helps to reduce poverty. Finally, some recommendations were also made by the study.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17366 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 155 - 168, 2008
Impact of Homestead Agro-Forestry on Sustaining Livelihoods of Rural Poor in Mymensingh District of Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan N , Rashid MHA , Jinan T , Islam S
Published: August 2014

This study determines the impact of homestead agro-forestry on livelihood of rural households in Mymensingh district. In total 100 homestead agro-forestry practicing farmers from three upazilas namely Mymensingh Sadar, Bhaluka and Muktagachha of Mymensingh district were randomly selected for this study following a purposive sampling technique. Analysis was done considering the pre (before) and post (after) homestead agro-forestry practicing condition of farmers. The major findings of the study showed that per hectare net returns for vegetables and fruits cultivation were Tk. 6,703.62 and Tk. 14,532.61 respectively considering all farms. On an average, the contribution of vegetables and fruits in total homestead income was 20.23 per cent in before and 22.46 per cent in the after homestead agro-forestry practicing situation indicating enough potentiality to generate income from homestead agro-forestry. It was found that vegetables cultivation was much better for small farmers compared to medium and large farmers. For fruits and vegetables enterprises, the performance of large farmers was better than small and medium farmers. Large farmers were more efficient than medium and small category in case of fruit production. Most of the variables included in the Cobb-Douglas production function model had significant impact on homestead agro-forestry. The study revealed that homestead agro-forestry had positive impact on improving the status of rural households and women empowerment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17367 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 169 - 178, 2008
Management of Seed Mycoflora of Mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa) by Seed Washing, Garlic Extract and Knowin
Authors: Islam MS , Uzzal MSI , Mallick K , Monjil MS
Published: August 2014

Mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is one of the important fibre crops having worldwide acceptance. The crop was found to susceptible to a number of seed and seedling disease causal pathogens; most of them were seed-borne in nature. Germination of seeds and seed-borne fungi were recorded using standard blotter method which varied significantly among different treatments ranged from 84% to 97.33%. The highest (97.33%) germination was found in case seed washed with water and then treated with garlic extract (1 : 1) and washing of seeds with water followed by treating with Knowin 50 WP. Nine different fungi were detected in samples of mesta seeds in using standard blotter method. The fungi were Macrophomina phaseolina, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum corchori, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium spp., Aspergillus favus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp. The finding of the study revealed that seed washing with water followed by seed treatment with garlic extract (1 : 1) or Knowin 50 WP (0.2%) resulted significant reduction of seed-borne fungal population and enhancing seeding vigor.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.18424 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 1 - 7, 2013
Physiological Attributes of Transplant Aman Rice (Cv. Brri Dhan52) as Affected by Tiller Seedlings and Urea Super Granules
Authors: Paul SK , Rahman KS , Sarkar MAR
Published: August 2014

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to investigate the effect of age of tiller seedlings, number of tiller seedlings hill-1 and application of urea super granules (USG) on some physiological attributes of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan52. The experiment consisted of two ages of tiller seedlings viz. 25- and 35-day old, three levels of tiller seedlings hill-1 viz.1, 3 and 5 seedlings hill-1 and three USG levels viz. 0, 1.8g and 2.7g USG per four hills in every alternate row. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The effect of age of tiller seedlings, number of tiller seedlings hill-1 and USG application were significant on crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area index (LAI). The highest CGR and RGR were found by transplanting 35-day old tiller seedlings during the period at 15-30 and 60-75 DAT when 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 were transplanted. The highest NAR was observed at 60-75 DAT with transplanting 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 and the lowest one was recorded at 30-45 DAT. The highest LAI was found at 35-day old tiller seedlings during the period at 60 and 75 DAT when 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 were transplanted. CGR and RGR were found highest by applying 1.8 g USG at 45-60 and 60-75 DAT while NAR was the highest with application of 2.7g USG at 60-75 DAT and lowest one was found in control (0 g USG) at 45-60 and 60-75 DAT. The highest LAI was found by applying 1.8g USG at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAT and the lowest one was found at 60 DAT in control and at 15, 30 and 45 DAT when 2.7g USG was applied. The highest LAI and CGR were found in older tiller seedlings (35- day old) by transplanting five tiller seedlings hill-1 fertilized with 1.8g USG whereas the highest RGR and NAR were obtained in younger tiller seedlings (25-day old) by transplanting single tiller seedling hill-1 fertilized with 1.8g USG per four hills of every alternate row.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19094 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 17 - 27, 2013
Evaluation of Urea Super Granule as a Source of Nitrogen in Transplant Aman Rice
Authors: Qurashi TA , Salam MA , Jannat M , Rabbani MG
Published: August 2014

An experiment was carried out at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of urea super granule (USG) as a source of nitrogen on the yield and yield components of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan46 and BINA dhan7. Five levels of N (viz., 0, 60, 120 kg ha-1 as prilled urea and 60 and 120 kg ha-1 as USG) were taken as experimental treatments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant height, effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1 and grain yield varied significantly due to different cultivars. All the yield and yield components except 1000-grain weight were influenced significantly by the levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest grain yield (4.82 t ha-1) was recorded in BINA dhan7 and the lowest one (4.30 t ha-1) was recorded in BRRI dhan39. Nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 as USG performed the best among the treatments in respect of yield and yield components of rice. The highest grain yield (5.46t ha-1) was obtained from BINA dhan7 with 120 kg N ha-1 as USG which was statistically identical with 60 kg N ha-1 as USG. A considerable amount (31.25%) of prilled urea (PU) nitrogen could be saved by using USG. It may be concluded that USG could be used as N management to achieve better nitrogen use efficiency in reducing N loss than the PU.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19095 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 29 - 37, 2013
Efficacy of Seed Washing with Water and Treatment with Garlic Extract and Carbendazim for Reducing Seed-Borne Fungal Pathogens from Rice Variety Kalijira
Authors: Uzzal MSI , Islam MS , Mallick K , Monjil MS
Published: August 2014

Seed health of aromatic rice variety Kalijira collected from Mymensingh Sadar Upazilla was studied following standard blotter method. Six different treatments namely water wash, garlic (1 : 1), water wash + garlic (1 : 1), Knowin 50WP (Carbendazim) @ 0.2% and water wash + Knowin-50WP @ 0.2% were used in this experiment. The identified seed-borne fungi were Alternaria padwickii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium sp. Highest seed infection (30.67%) was recorded for F. oxysporum and the lowest seed infection (9.33%) was recorded for A. padwickii. Germination of seeds significantly varied in different treatments that ranged from 85.33 to 98.86%. Among the treatments, the highest (98.86%) germination was found by water wash + Knowin-50WP and lowest (85.33%) by control (untreated). After washing of seeds in water, the treated seeds with plant extract or chemical showing better performance than when only treated with plant extract or chemical for controlling seed borne pathogens.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19098 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 45 - 51, 2013
Role of Host and Temperature on the Feeding and Oviposition Behaviour of Red Pumpkin Beetle Aulacophora foveicollis (Lucas)
Authors: Kamal MM , Uddin MM , Shajahan M , Rahman MM
Published: August 2014

The research was carried out in the field and laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during December, 2011 to October, 2012 on the effect of host and temperature on oviposition and food consumption of red pumpkin beetle (RPB), Aulacophora foveicollis (Lucas). Three cucurbitaceous vegetables viz. sweet gourd (BARI Misti Kumra-1, BARI Misti Kumra-2 and Local Misti Kumra), bitter gourd (BARI Karola-1, Taj Karola-88 and Local Karola) and bottle gourd (BARI Lau-3, BARI Lau -4 and Local Lau) were selected to conduct this research. Host plants had the clear role on the feeding of red pumpkin beetle. Due to feeding of A. foveicollis, the highest percentage of weight loss of leaf was recorded from sweet gourd among the selected cucurbits while Local Misti Kumra was found the most preferred host by beetle considering their feeding efficacy compared to other varieties. Results also showed that temperature had a profound effect on the oviposition and food consumption by A. foveicollis while 30oC was the optimum temperature both for oviposition and food consumption for all selected cucurbits and their varieties.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19099 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 53 - 60, 2013
Protection Effect of Vaxxitek HVT + IBD Vaccine Against Infectious Bursal Disease in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Rashid MH , Luo H , Akhter J , Islam MT , Islam MR , Rahman MM , Cao Y , Xue C
Published: August 2014

The very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) infection cause constant and frequent outbreaks of IBD. In order to prevent the disease caused by vvIBDV, moderate-virulent live vaccines are usually used in broilers, but these vaccine influence the immune system of chickens and cause the immunosuppression. VAXXITEK® HVT+IBD bivalent vaccine, a novel vaccine produced by Merial Company, is the recombinant vaccine generated by inserting IBDV VP2 gene into the HVT genome. The recombinant vaccine could prevent Mareks disease and IBD of chickens at the same time after vaccinated by the subcutaneous route at 1-day-old. The objective of this study was to evaluate protection effect of this new vaccine against IBD in broilers. The results of the lab and field immunization trial showed that the vaccination of VAXXITEK® HVT+IBD vaccine did not damage the bursa of broilers; the level of IBD antibody of the VAXXITEK® HVT+IBD vaccination groups was higher than IBD-BLEN® vaccination groups at 21-day-old; the protection effect of the VAXXITEK® HVT + IBD vaccination groups was better than IBD-BLEN® vaccination groups, especially at 21-28 day. The results indicated that VAXXITEK® HVT + IBD vaccine could provide better protection to broiler chickens against IBD.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19102 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 69 - 78, 2013
Treatment Outcomes in Postpartum Anoestrus Cows Guided by Transrectal Ultrasonography
Authors: Islam MR , Juyena NS , Bhuiyan MMU , Rahman MM , Ferdousy RN
Published: August 2014

Anoestrus is considered as one of the most prevalent reproductive disorders in dairy cows and may occur due to hormonal imbalance, nutritional deficiency and disease conditions. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to overcome this disorder to make dairy herd profitable. Therefore, the aim of study was to determine effects of hormonal and nutritional treatments on induction of oestrus and conception in postpartum anoestrus cows. Effects of BCS and parity of anoestrus cows were also considered during treatment. Seventy two cross-breed cows having ?60 days postpartum period were used, which were allotted for two treatment groups. Forty cows were treated with hormone (GnRH and PGF2? ) and rest 32 cows were with nutritional supplement. AI was performed in cows in observed oestrus and the conception was determined by transrectal ultrasonography between 28-35 days post-Al. 75% cows showed oestrus in hormonal treatment groups whereas 56.3% cows in nutritional treatment group. Moreover, the conception rate was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cows (57.5%) received hormonal treatment compared to that of cows (40.6%) in nutritional treatment counterpart. Highest conception rate was also observed (69.2%) in GnRH treated cows having BCS 2-2.5. Cows with parity 1-3 responded better to treatment and had higher conception rate. These results suggest that diagnosis of ovarian activities and reproductive disorders with the help of ultrasonography can lead to use appropriate techniques for treatment as well as to improve reproductive efficiencies of cows in case of postpartum anoestrus.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19109 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 93 - 100, 2013
Reproductivity, Productivity and Management System of Indigenous Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Cows in Costal Areas of Pirojpur and Borguna District of Bangladesh
Authors: Karim MR , Hossain MZ , Islam MR , Parvin MS , Matin MA
Published: August 2014

Twenty five buffalo cows of Mothbaria Upazila of Pirojpur district and another twenty five indigenous buffalo cows of Pathorghata Upazila of Borguna district of Bangladesh were randomly selected and interviewed to collect data on reproductivity (gestation length, birth weight, age of first calving, post partum heat and calving interval), productivity (lactation length and daily milk yield) and management system (general management, housing, feeding, calf rearing and treatment facilities) of indigenous buffalo cows using pre-tested questionnaire during the period from January to June 2010. The reproductive parameters including gestation length, birth weight, age of first calving, post partum heat and calving interval of Mothbaria Upazila of Pirojpur district were 319.56 ± 5.93 days, 24.28 ± 4 kilograms, 50.88 ± 1.71 months, 153.6 ± 6.13 days, 547.92 ± 10.88 days respectively whereas in case of Pathorghata Upazila of Borguna district these parameters were 319.12 ± 4.69 days, 24.12 ± 3.6 kilograms, 51 ± 1.8 months, 153.44 ± 6.78 days, 547.24 ± 14.32 days respectively. The productive parameters including lactation length and daily milk yield of Mothbaria Upazila of Pirojpur district were 286.12 ± 11.27 days and 3.33 ± 0.68 liters/day respectively while in case of Pathorghata Upazila of Borguna district these parameters 290.44 ± 10.92 days and 3.43 ± 0.744 liters/day respectively. So, reproduction and production are almost regular comparing with other published reports with the exception of age of first calving which is almost 12 months later than the buffaloes of other countries. It could be concluded that the buffalo owners of these areas do not follow any scientific method of buffalo husbandry; they just follow traditional rearing system. The farmers mostly use buffaloes for draught purpose in these costal areas.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19113 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 117 - 122, 2013
Histopathological Investigation of Cryptococcosis in Animals at Dhaka Zoo
Authors: Ahasan SA , Chowdhury EH , Khan MAH , Parvin R , Azam SU , Mohiuddin G , Uddin J , Rahman MM , Akter L , Khair A
Published: August 2014

Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate cryptococcosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two opportunistic tissue samples were collected and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy for 36 animals of 25 different species from Dhaka Zoo during the study period. Twenty five among the study animals were found suffering from granulomatous diseases, of them nine cases were identified cryptococcosis first ever in Bangladesh. Clinical history, nodular lesions on necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores & both Langhangs & foreign body giant cells on histopathology and characteristic spores with wide gelatinous band around endospores on special staining revealed cryptococcosis in eight rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and one greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros). Present study provides evidence of existing cryptococcosis and similar long standing zoonotic diseases in majority of rest of the animals with health risk that shades health safety standard at Dhaka zoo.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19114 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 123 - 129, 2013
Effect of Salt and Storage Time on Physico-Chemical and Sensorial Properties of Beef Meatball
Authors: Tanny RS , Hashem MA , Akhter S , Islam MS , Azad MAK , Ali MS , Hossain MM
Published: August 2014

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of salt and storage temperature on the physico-chemical properties of meatball. For this purpose meatball samples were divided into two parts; one is called fresh meatball and another is preserved meatball at different temperatures. Then the fresh samples as well as the preserved samples were divided into four subdivisions. Then these are treated with different salt levels (0, 1.5, 3 and 5% salt level).These Samples were stored at 4oC and -20oC temperature. Samples preserved at 4oC were stored in the refrigerator for 21 days and were analyzed on 7th day, 14th day and 21st day and samples preserved at -20oCwere stored in the refrigerator for 60 days and were analyzed on 15th day, 30th day, 45th day and 60thday. Dry matter content of all the samples increased with the advancement of storage time, temperature and salt concentration. Ash value decreased with the increase of storage time. Fat value of all the samples decreased with the advancement of salt concentration, storage time and temperature. pH value of all the samples decreased with the increasing of salt concentration, storage time and temperature. Cooking loss of all the samples increased with increasing of salt concentration but decreased with increasing of storage time and temperature. Dry matter in fresh sample were less than in preserved samples. CP % of fresh beef meatball was 22.31, 20.55, 14.55 and 20.13 at different salt concentration. The values of CP, DM, Ash and Fat also varied among the samples significantly (P<0.01). Beef meatball can be refrigerated for 60 days in different techniques with more or less difference in the quality. Highly significant differences are observed in preserved samples than in fresh samples at different salt levels. Fresh beef meatball treated with 1.5% salt found to be more acceptable in terms of sensory evaluation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19117 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 137 - 147, 2013
Energy Consumption in Unpuddled Transplanting of Wet Season Rice Cultivation in North West Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam AKMS , Hossain MM , Saleque MA , Rabbani MA , Sarker RI
Published: August 2014

Unpuddled transplanting of rice is gaining attention in Bagnaldesh agriculture. Energy budget is essential for efficient management of the resources in agricultural production. The energy balance under different minimum tillage practices in rice cultivation was assessed during 2009-11 by comparing the parameters: energy input, energy output, energy productivity and energy output:input ratio. Energy input in CT, SPWT, BP and ST were 25.50, 23.15, 20.48 and 20.49 GJ ha-1, respectively in rice cultivation. Maximum energy was consumed for chemical fertilizers. Tillage energy ranked second in conventional tillage and ranked fourth in minimum tillage options. Energy output was insignificant due to insignificant yield difference. Unpuddled transplanting (BP and ST) showed 8-12% increase in energy productivity and 22-24% increase in energy output:input ratio. However, from the energy saving point of view, unpuddled transplanting may be considered better options depending on the resources availability in rice cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19176 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 229 - 237, 2013
Farming Practices and Livelihood of the Coastal People of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin MT , Nasrin M
Published: August 2014

The present study was designed to assess the farming patterns and farmers livelihood in coastal regions of Bangladesh. Three coastal districts namely, Khulna, Satkhira and Bagerhat located in the southwest of Bangladesh were selected to conduct the study. Fifty shrimp farmers from each district (a total of 150 farmers) were selected for necessary data collection on the basis of farm size category (i.e., small, medium and large) following stratified random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics like sum, average, percentages, etc. were derived and calculated for analyzing the data. It was found that the farming system of coastal region was mainly shrimp based. The amount of land devoted to agricultural crop cultivation was declined due to shrimp cultivation for all categories of farmers. Number of livestock except poultry and duck was decreasing due to shortage of feed. Native fish species in fresh and open water bodies were also disappearing gradually. Lower crop production was observed through surveyed region due to lower productivity of land caused by salinity. However, shrimp cultivation opened up new avenues for employment for the local people especially for women. Small farmers get higher proportion of income (75.0% of total farm income) from shrimp farming than medium (67.4%) and large farmers (73.6%). On an average, farmers income was increased which enhanced overall socioeconomic condition and livelihood status. In spite of various adverse impacts of shrimp farming, it can be recommended that proper planning, regulation and motivation of the farmers are needed to develop an environment friendly shrimp farming as well as to maintain sustainable agricultural production practices in the coastal regions of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19177 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 251 - 262, 2013
Food Security in Bangladesh: Present Status and Trend
Authors: Begum MEA , Hossain MI , DHaese L
Published: August 2014

The study was is an attempt that offers better understanding the overall trend and pattern of food consumption and micro-nutrient intake using secondary data. The study revealed that total dietary energy consumption was 2230 kcal/capita/day which was higher than the total energy requirements of 2225 kcal/capita/day in 2003-2005. The shares of energy from protein (8.61%) and from fat (10.90%) were lower than 12% and 20% respectively, although upward trends for dietary fat and protein consumption were observed in between 1969-1971 and 2003-2005. The prevalence of child malnutrition declined in between 1992 and 2006. The results indicate that Bangladesh is not currently food secure in the sense of share of the total energy coming from protein and fat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19178 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 263 - 271, 2013
Eco-Industrial Parks and Sustainable Spatial Planning: A Possible Contradiction?
Authors: Conticelli Elisa , Tondelli Simona
Published: August 2014

The definition and the subsequent development of eco-industrial parks (EIPs) have been deeply based on the application of industrial ecology theory, which pays specific attention to metabolic exchanges within industrial processes to address a deep reduction of limited resource consumption and a minimization of waste production in the framework of a sustainable development approach. Despite the EIPs configurations being essentially based on the overall idea of sustainability, the problem of defining their proper location inside the territory and the consequent land use model, to minimize land consumption, have not always been central in the wide range of studies and practices concerning the EIPs. Nevertheless, the specific problem of a drastic reduction of land consumption at the EIP planning stage acquires a crucial role and, therefore, needs to be carefully assessed inside the perspective of sustainable urban development. In this framework, the paper firstly aims at facing the nontrivial relationship between the EIPs’ theorizations and implementations and the reduction of land consumption by referencing specific studies and shared tools, where new developments have been favored despite the conversion and redevelopment of existing industrial parks; secondly, it focus on an Italian case study and its emblematic EIP planning processes, in order to deepen the contradictions between sustainable spatial planning and eco-industrial parks. Finally, some final conclusions will be presented, in order to integrate some main issues concerning the reduction of land consumption inside the more traditional EIP design processes.
Investigation of Comfort Temperature and Occupant Behavior in Japanese Houses during the Hot and Humid Season
Authors: Rijal Hom
Published: August 2014

In order to clarify the comfort temperature and to investigate the behavioral adaptation in Japanese houses, we have conducted a thermal comfort survey and occupant behavior survey in 30 living rooms during the hot and humid season in the Kanto region of Japan. We collected 3991 votes from 52 subjects. The comfort temperature was predicted by Griffiths’ method. They are analyzed according to humidity levels and compared with the adaptive model. The logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to understand occupant behavior. The mean comfort temperature in naturally ventilated mode is 27.6 °C which is within the acceptable zone of the adaptive model. The comfort temperature is related with skin moisture sensation. The results showed that the residents adapt to the hot and humid environments by increasing the air movement using behavioral adaptation such as window opening and fan use.
Preserving Fertility in Children and Adolescents with Cancer
Authors: Levine Jennifer
Published: August 2014

In the face of excellent survival rates for pediatric and adolescent cancer, preserving the opportunity to have biological children is an important component of long term quality of life. Yet, modern chemotherapeutic regimens continue to pose a threat to fertility. The only fertility preservation methods available to pre-pubertal children of both genders is cryopreservation of gonadal tissue, a highly experimental intervention, or shielding/re-location of reproductive tissue in the setting of radiation. These techniques are available in the post pubertal population as well, but post pubertal patients also have the option for cryopreservation of gametes, a process that is much simpler in males than females. For this reason, prior to the initiation of therapy, sperm banking should be considered standard of care for males, while consideration of embryo or oocyte cryopreservation should be limited to those females at risk of developing ovarian failure. Attention to reproductive health and fertility preservation should continue after the completion of therapy. Establishing programs that streamline access to current fertility preservation techniques will assist in ensuring that all eligible patients can avail themselves of current options.
Multicomponent and High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Cantor Brian
Published: August 2014

This paper describes some underlying principles of multicomponent and high entropy alloys, and gives some examples of these materials. Different types of multicomponent alloy and different methods of accessing multicomponent phase space are discussed. The alloys were manufactured by conventional and high speed solidification techniques, and their macroscopic, microscopic and nanoscale structures were studied by optical, X-ray and electron microscope methods. They exhibit a variety of amorphous, quasicrystalline, dendritic and eutectic structures.
Performance of Siloxane Mixtures in a High-Temperature Organic Rankine Cycle Considering the Heat Transfer Characteristics during Evaporation
Authors: Weith Theresa , Heberle Florian , Preißinger Markus , Brüggemann Dieter
Published: August 2014

The application of the Organic Rankine Cycle to high temperature heat sources is investigated on the case study of waste heat recovery from a selected biogas plant. Two different modes of operation are distinguished: pure electric power and combined heat and power generation. The siloxanes hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) and octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM) are chosen as working fluids. Moreover, the effect of using mixtures of these components is analysed. Regarding pure electricity generation, process simulations using the simulation tool Aspen Plus show an increase in second law efficiency of 1.3% in case of 97/03 wt % MM/MDM-mixture, whereas for the combined heat and power mode a 60/40 wt % MM/MDM-mixture yields the highest efficiency with an increase of nearly 3% compared to most efficient pure fluid. Next to thermodynamic analysis, measurements of heat transfer coefficients of these siloxanes as well as their mixtures are conducted and Kandlikar’s correlation is chosen to describe the results. Based on that, heat exchanger areas for preheater and evaporator are calculated in order to check whether the poorer heat transfer characteristics of mixtures devalue their efficiency benefit due to increased heat transfer areas. Results show higher heat transfer areas of 0.9% and 14%, respectively, compared to MM.
Creating an Interest in Research and Development as a Means of Reducing the Gap between Theory and Practice in Primary Care: An Interventional Study Based on Strategic Communication
Authors: Morténius Helena
Published: August 2014

Today, healthcare professionals are faced with the challenge of implementing research results in an optimal way. It is therefore important to create a climate that is conducive to research and development (R&D). For this reason, new strategies are required to enhance healthcare professionals’ interest in innovative thinking and R&D. Strategic communication with roots in sociology, psychology and political science was employed as a means of achieving long-term behavioural change. The aim of this study was to describe, follow up and evaluate a primary care intervention based on strategic communication intended to increase healthcare professionals’ interest in R&D over time. An interventional cohort study comprising all staff members (N = 1276) in a Swedish primary care area was initiated in 1997 and continued for 12 years. The intention to engage in R&D was measured on two occasions; at 7 and 12 years. Both descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were employed. The results demonstrated that the positive attitude to R&D increased over time, representing a first step towards new thinking and willingness to change work practices for the benefit of the patient. Strategic communication has not been previously employed as a scientific tool to create a long-term interest in R&D within primary care.
Versatility or Promiscuity: The Estrogen Receptors, Control of Ligand Selectivity and an Update on Subtype Selective Ligands
Authors: Ng Hui , Perkins Roger , Tong Weida , Hong Huixiao
Published: August 2014

The estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of versatile receptors. They regulate an enormity of processes starting in early life and continuing through sexual reproduction, development, and end of life. This review provides a background and structural perspective for the ERs as part of the nuclear receptor superfamily and discusses the ER versatility and promiscuity. The wide repertoire of ER actions is mediated mostly through ligand-activated transcription factors and many DNA response elements in most tissues and organs. Their versatility, however, comes with the drawback of promiscuous interactions with structurally diverse exogenous chemicals with potential for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Even when interacting with endogenous hormones, ER actions can have adverse effects in disease progression. Finally, how nature controls ER specificity and how the subtle differences in receptor subtypes are exploited in pharmaceutical design to achieve binding specificity and subtype selectivity for desired biological response are discussed. The intent of this review is to complement the large body of literature with emphasis on most recent developments in selective ER ligands.
Safety and Protective Effectiveness of Two Strains of Lactobacillus with Probiotic Features in an Experimental Model of Salmonellosis
Authors: Steinberg Raphael , Silva Lilian , Souza Tássia , Lima Maurício , De Oliveira Nayara , Vieira Leda , Arantes Rosa , Miyoshi Anderson , Nicoli Jacques , Neumann Elisabeth , Nunes Álvaro
Published: August 2014

Two strains of Lactobacillus, previously isolated from bovine faeces and tested in vitro for properties desired in probiotics, were evaluated for their in vivo effectiveness in protecting against experimental salmonellosis. L. salivarius L38 and L. acidophilus L36 previously demonstrated the ability to successfully colonize the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice and stimulate the immune system associated with the intestinal mucosa. L38- or L36-feeding showed no detrimental effect on the general health indicators and did not induce changes in normal architecture of liver and small intestine, indicating that the use of these strains is apparently safe. In control animals fed L38 strain, several cytokines had augmented mRNA levels that can be associated with a homeostatic state of intestinal mucosa, while L36 had less diverse regulation. IgA production and secretion in the intestinal lumen induced by infection was abrogated by pretreating with both lactobacilli. In addition, liver and small intestine histological scores and, translocation of Salmonella cells to liver and spleen, indicated that these strains did not confer protection against the infection. So, the IL-12:IL-18àIFN-g axis, essential for an effective immune response against Salmonella, was not favored with L38 or L36 strains. However, increased expression of IL-10 in different portions of the gastrointestinal tract of L38-fed animals is indicative of anti-inflammatory effect to be explored furthermore.
Characterization of Dermal Fibroblasts as a Cell Source for Pediatric Tissue Engineered Heart Valves
Authors: Fahrenholtz Monica , Liu Huiwen , Kearney Debra , Wadhwa Lalita , Fraser Charles , Grande-Allen K.
Published: August 2014

There is continued debate regarding the appropriate cell type to replace valvular interstitial cells (VICs) in tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs), particularly for pediatric patients. In this work, neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (nhDFFs) were compared to human pediatric VICs (hpVICs), based on their phenotypic and gene expression characteristics when cultured on collagen type I, fibronectin, fibrin, and tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) substrates. Similar confluency was achieved over the culture period on collagen and fibronectin between both cell types, although nhDFFs tended to reach lower confluence on collagen than on any other substrate. Morphologically, hpVICs tended to spread and form multiple extensions, while nhDFFs remained homogenously spindle-shaped on all substrates. PCR results indicated that fibroblasts did not differ significantly from VICs in gene expression when cultured on fibrin, whereas on collagen type I and fibronectin they showed increased α-SMA, xylosyltransferase I, and collagen type I expression (p < 0.05). However, protein expression of these targets, analyzed by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting, was not significantly different between cell types. These results suggest that nhDFFs express similar matrix production and remodeling genes as hpVICs, and the choice of substrate for TEHV construction can affect the growth and expression profile of nhDFFs as compared to native hpVICs.
(R)-(−)-2-[(5-Oxido-5-phenyl-5λ4-isoquino[4,3-c][2,1]benzothiazin-12-yl)amino]benzonitrile
Authors: Frings Marcus , Atodiresei Iuliana , Bolm Carsten
Published: August 2014

Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling between (S)-S-methyl-S-phenylsulfoximine (1) and 2-iodobenzonitrile (2) resulted in the discovery of an unprecedented one-pot triple arylation sequence to give (R)-(−)-2-[(5-oxido-5-phenyl-5λ4-isoquino[4,3-c][2,1]benzothiazin- 12-yl)amino]benzonitrile (4). Here, we describe the synthesis of the title compound (R)-4 and the elucidation of its structure by means of various techniques.
Microwave Assisted Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives via Pechmann Condensation Catalyzed by FeF3 under Solvent-Free Conditions and Antimicrobial Activities of the Products
Authors: Vahabi Vahid , Hatamjafari Farhad
Published: August 2014

A rapid and efficient solvent-free one-pot synthesis of coumarin derivatives by Pechmann condensation reactions of phenols with ethyl acetoacetate using FeF3 as a catalyst under microwave irradiation is described. This one-pot synthesis on a solid inorganic support provides the products in good yields. The newly synthesized compounds were systematically characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and elemental CHN analyses. The proposed solvent-free microwave irradiation method using the environmentally friendly catalyst FeF3 offers the unique advantages of high yields, shorter reaction times, easy and quick isolation of the products, excellent chemoselectivity, and a one-pot, green synthesis. The products were screened for antimicrobial activity, and the results showed that the compounds reacted against all the tested bacteria.
Inhibition of Glutamine Synthetase: A Potential Drug Target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Mowbray Sherry , Kathiravan Muthu , Pandey Abhishek , Odell Luke
Published: August 2014

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Globally, tuberculosis is second only to AIDS in mortality and the disease is responsible for over 1.3 million deaths each year. The impractically long treatment schedules (generally 6–9 months) and unpleasant side effects of the current drugs often lead to poor patient compliance, which in turn has resulted in the emergence of multi-, extensively- and totally-drug resistant strains. The development of new classes of anti-tuberculosis drugs and new drug targets is of global importance, since attacking the bacterium using multiple strategies provides the best means to prevent resistance. This review presents an overview of the various strategies and compounds utilized to inhibit glutamine synthetase, a promising target for the development of drugs for TB therapy.