bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV Prevalence in Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Rafiq Asma , Zia Tayyaba , Tasleem Samiyah , . Arjumand , Baig Imran Mehboob , Kashif Muhammad , Jamil Muhammad , Ayaz Mahreen , Naz Rida , Alam Ijaz , Haq Zia Ul , Khan Zeeshan , Naseem Uroosa
Published: March 2022

Although HIV prevalence in Pakistan has been well documented, no data has yet been found on HIV prevalence in the Dera Ismail Khan, KPK region. A total of 300 people were interviewed, or their medical data were reviewed between June 2021 and December 2021. Written informed consent was obtained from those selected using a convenient sample approach, and they were made aware of the study's protocol. HIV antibodies were detected in blood serum (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western Blot). A total of 60 people (or 0.497 percent) tested positive for anti-HIV. The patients ranged in age from 30 to 60, and 73.33 percent of them were male. The vast majority of patients (56.67 percent) were urban inhabitants, divorced or widowed (60 percent) and uneducated (45 percent). Over eleven percent (11%) of the patients admitted to using injectable drugs. Injection drug usage was the most significant risk factor for HIV infection, compared to blood donation/transfusion and sexual contacts. The most significant conclusion was that DI Khan had a higher HIV prevalence than the national average. A dangerous scenario necessitates preventive measures tailored to the context. Blood donation/transfusion and extra-marital sex should be avoided in order to prevent the risky behaviors of injection drug addiction and blood donation/transfusion. Keywords: Pakistan, KPK, HIV, Prevalence, and Risk factors
Frequency of Neonatal Hypocalcemia among Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Ashraf Humaira , Yaqoob Aisha , Rana Mehreen Yousaf , Rasul Noreen , Saba Ameena
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of neonatal hypocalcemia among mothers presented with glucose impairment. Subject and Method: This was a cross-sectional study and was done at department of OBS and Gynaecology of PNS SHIFA Karachi. Study was conducted during six months from December 2010 to June 2011. This study comprised all the known diabetes mothers aged more than 18 years presented at PNS SHIFA Hospital and underwent child birth of either mode of delivery and parity. Females were monitored until they gave birth. A 5ml blood sample was taken from each mother to assess the current value of fasting blood sugar levels. To assess the neonatal calcium level 2cc blood samples were obtained under aseptic conditions after 24 hours of the births and the serum calcium level below 7mg/ dl was considered as hypocalcemia. All the data was collected via self-made study proforma. SPSS version 26 was used the purpose of data analysis. Results: Total 150 diabetes mothers were studied. The average maternal age was 30.23±3.55 years and gestational ag was 37.11±3.22 weeks. Most of the females were multiparous 54.0% and majority of the cases underwent c-sections 93(62.0%). Neonatal hypocalcemia was 20.7% Frequency of the newborn hypocalcemia was higher in age group of 21-30 years (p-0.082), while it was also insignificant according to gestational age (p-0. 172). Conclusion: According to the study's findings, the newborn hypocalcemia was observed to be the 20.7% in diabetes mothers. According to maternal age, it was determined to be statistically significant. Key words: Pregnancy, diabetes, neonatal calcium level
Evaluation of the American College Radiology Ti-Rads System to two other well Established Standards
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Wasif , Bukhari Syed Zain Muhammad , Hassan Haseeb Ul , Haider Quratulain , Qayyum Yasir , Sajjad Sania
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Effective Data Scheme contains suggestions for physicians who evaluate thyroid nodule sonographic exams. The goal of our current research is to evaluate ACR TI-RADS approach to 2 additional well-established standards. Methods: Considering 3500 thyroid nodules with pathological findings, ACR TI-RADS, Korean Academy of Thyroid Radiology also Data System, and American Thyroid Connotation standards remained examined. The substance, echogenicity, boundaries, hyperechoic foci, and size of lesions remained reviewed to determine if fine-needle evacuation before follow-up sonography would indeed be recommended whenever approach remained employed. For any and altogether nodules and nodules 1 cm or bigger, the biopsy return of aggressive results, the output of check-ups, in addition percentage of malevolent or benign nodules that could have been biopsied have been calculated. Results: According to ACR TI-RADS, KSThR TIRADS, in addition ATA criteria, part of nodules that could not have been diagnosed was 1%, 4.8 basis points, and 15.8 basis points, correspondingly. For nodules examined using ACR TI-RADS, KSThR TIRADS, in addition to ATA standards, biopsy product of malignancies remained 15.3 percent, 11.3 percent, and 12.1 percent, accordingly. The proportion of malignant nodules which were biopsied was 69.3 percent for the ACR TI-RADS, 76.5 percent for KSThR TIRADS, and 76.8 percent for the ATA recommendations, however, but percentage of benign tumors that will remain biopsied or investigated stayed 87.3 percent for ACR TI-RADS. For ACR TI-RADS, KSThR TIRADS, in addition to ATA standards, proportion of benign nodules that could have been biopsied remained 48.3 percent, 77.8 basis points, and 79.2 percent, accordingly. For ACR TI-RADS, percent of kind nodules that could also remain biopsied or tracked remained 67.3 percent. Conclusion: Whenever opposed to other well-established recommendations, the ACR TI-RADS succeeds well. Keywords: American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, thyroid nodule sonographic
Incidence of Patterns of Bony Modification of Neck of the Talus
Authors: Yunas Salman , Badar Adnan , Hussain Atif , Shaheen Sadaf , Baloch Abdul Hafeez , Rashidbaloch Abdul
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: Talus is the important tarsal bone that connects the leg two long bones with the human foot through the ankle joint. The current study aims to determine the incidence of neck bone modification of the talus. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 82 Tali of either gender in the Department of Anatomy, Saidu Medical College, Swat and Women Medical and Dental College Hospital, Abbottabad during the period from February 2021 to July 2021. Careful examination of the talar neck dorsal surface was carried out for the presence of facets either squatting or medial, gutter-shaped facets, combined facets, and trochlear surface extension. All the data gathered were tabulated and SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 82 human dry tali, the prevalence of lateral squatting facets, medial and bones squatting facets, gutter-shaped facets, and combined facets were 34 (41.5%), 13 (15.9%), 14 (17.1%), and 12 (14.6%) respectively. About 11 (13.4%) tali had no facets. Trochlear surface lateral extension and medial trochlear extension were observed in 70 (85.4%) and 9 (11%) respectively. Gutter, medial and combined facets were more common on the left side compared to the right side whereas on the right side, lateral squatting facets were more common. Lateral extensions were common in medial extensions. Conclusion: The occurrence of various types of squatting facets is caused by cultural habits, squatting position, and genetic inheritance. The dorsal surfaces modifications occurrence of the talus's neck serves as a critical anthropological factor in determining regional origin of unclaimed skeletons. Keywords: Talus, Squatting Facets, Bony modification
Efficacy of Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy in Treating Chronic Anal Fissure
Authors: Faizan Muhammad , Ahmad Saeed , Zafar Zainab , Khurram Zia Muhammad , Shaikh Maria
Published: March 2022

Aim of the study: To determine the effectiveness of lateral internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissures resistant to pharmacological treatment (chemical sphincterotomy) in terms of recovery time, frequency of recurrences and complications. Study design: This was a prospective descriptive study. Place and duration:In the Department of Surgery,Lahore General Hospital, Lahore during the time period fromJanuary 2021 to August 2021. Material and methods: The study included 80 patients with chronic anal fissure, regardless of age and sex, after the history and clinical examination. All these patients were operated on under general or spinal anesthesia after obtaining consent and routine examinations. Lateral internal sphincterotomy was performed and patients with OPD were followed for 6 to 8 weeks to determine the benefit of the procedure. Results: The study included 57 men and 23 women (M: F ratio 2.2: 1) with a history of pain, bleeding, discharge with or without sentinel tagduring defecation. The average age was 36 and ranged from 20 to 55. The fissure was found in the majority of patients at 6 O clock position (91.2% for men and 52.2% for women). The duration of symptoms was longer in women due to social problems. LIS was used in all patients. Patients were followed in OPD at weeks 1, 2, 4 and 6. Most of the patients fully recovered after 4 weeks. Occasional constipation occurred in 31 (54.4%) men and 11 (47.8%) women. The study found crater ulcers in all 80 patients. All patients had a history of painful bowel movements (100%), but 24 men (42.1%) and 12 women (52.2%) had bleeding and discharge. In 51 male patients (89.5%), the fissure was in the posterior and anterior midline in 3 patients (13.1%). Half of the patients had anterior fissure and the other half had posterior fissures. The sentinel tag was observed in 46 (80.7%) men and 17 (73.9%) women. 11 (19.3%) men and 6 (26.1%) women reported liquid stool incontinence, while 15 men (26.3%) and 9 women (16.9%) reported flatus incontinence. No relapse was observed in all patients after 4 months. Conclusion: As long as the patient is willing to accept the risk of transient fecal incontinence, we can accept the Gold Standard of Treatment (LIS) as first-line therapy for chronic anal fissure. Keywords: Lateral internal sphincterotomy, Chronic anal fissure, Fecal incontinence.
Dermatological Manifestations of Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Soomro Naeem Ahmed , Shaikh Samreen Dost , Shaikh Shumaila , Shaikh Zahid Ali , Shaikh Irfan Ahmed , Lal Sham
Published: March 2022

Background: Chronic liver disease is associated with various skin manifestion. This study was done to assess the spectrum of dermatological changes in chronic liver disease. Objective: To evaluate any correlation between the dermatological findings and the type of the liver diseases. Material and Method: A total 100 patients of chronic liver disease due to any etiology were included after taking informed consent. This study was conducted at department of medicine and department of dermatology Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana from january 2019 to june 2019. Results: In our study total number of patients was 100, among them males were 70(70%) and females were 30 (30%),mean age of patients was 43 ± 17,duration of disease ranged from 1 to 11 years.Fifty patients (50%) were suffering from chronic HCV infection,47 patients were suffering from chronic HBV infection,03 patients were suffering from HCV and HBV infection. Differrent manifestations were terry ‘s nails(83%) xerosis (68%), hyperpigmentation (52%), pruritis (35%), palmer erythema (32%),Non scarring hair loss from axilla and groin (28%), Cutaneous infections (07%),lichen planus (04%), gynaecomastia (04%),spider naevi (03%), acralnecrolytic erythema (01%) Conclusion: Patients with chronic liver disease can have a wide varietyof cutaneous manifestations which can give a clue to the presence of the underlying liver disease and its severity .Therefore, identifying these signs earlier can lead to quick diagnosis and effective management of the underlying condition, hence preventing its complications. Keywords: Dermatological Manifestations, Chronic liver disease
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Pediatric Intussception Taking Surgical Findings as Gold Standard
Authors: Burki Sadia Asmat , Arsalan Muhammad Kashif , Amin Palvesha , Khursheed Amara , Naz Sumaira , Cheema Khadijah Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for diagnosis of Intussusception in children taking surgical findings as gold standard. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: The department of Pediatricsurgery,Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore and PIMS Children Hospital,Islamabad during the time period from June 2019 to May 2021. Methodology: 170 children fulfilling inclusion criteria were taken. After taking informed consent from parents or attendants of the children a detailed history was taken regarding their age, gender and address. All patients with symptoms and signs such as vomiting, abdominal pain and/or distension, rectal bleeding, pallor or lethargy were admitted. They were examined and investigated through ultrasound. The final diagnosis of Intussusception was confirmed on surgery by expert consultant with experience more than 5 years after postgraduation. Ultrasonographic images taken at the time of diagnosis were obtained. Results: The mean age of children was 3.56±3.29 years with 105(61.8%)male children and 65(38.2%)females.The Ultrasound results showed positive result in 97 (57.1%) children and negative in 73 (42.9%) children.The Surgical findings showed positive results in 107 (62.9%) and negative in 63 (37.1%) children.The sensitivity, specificity, Negative Predictive Value (NPV), and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) for ultrasound keeping surgical findings in diagnosis of intussusception were 85.05%, 90.48%, 93.81%, and 78.08% respectively, whereas, the overall diagnostic accuracy was 87.06%. Conclusion: It is concluded that ultrasonography for diagnosis of Intussusception in children is very useful diagnostic modality. USG can help us for prompt and timely diagnosis and early surgical intervention can be done to minimize morbidity related to delayed diagnosis. Keywords:Intussusception, Abdominal surgery, Imaging, Ultrasound, Accuracy
Effectiveness of Art Therapy on Pain Perception among Post-Operative Patients in Orthopedic wards of Selected Hospitals, UAE
Authors: Muthu Priyalatha , Alghafli Fatima Musabeh Khalifa
Published: March 2022

Art therapy the essence of psychotherapy enables to reduce patient’s suffering from pain sensation by focusing the way the patient perceives the current situation; pain relieved as well along the way. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of art therapy on pain perception among postoperative orthopedic patients and to find association between pain perception scores of postoperative patient with their selected demographic and clinical variables.Pre-experimental research design among 50 orthopedic post-operative selected using consecutive sampling technique. Demographic data, clinical data and pain scores assessed using numeric pain scale before and after the art therapy for three consecutive days. Majority (70%) of the participants were males. About 62% were married and 42% had primary level of education. Majority (32%) had road traffic accident and 28% meet with work site injuries. On day-1 pre-art most of the patients (52%) experienced moderate to severe pain (28%), on day-2 and day-3, they experienced mild (44%) to moderate (42%) level of pain. After an hour of the art therapy, pain assessment on day-1, the patients had mild (38%) to moderate (34%), while on day-2, majority (72%) experienced mild pain and 26% had moderate pain. On day-3, the pain was verbalized to be with mild (78%) to moderate (22%). Art therapy was effective in reducing pain (p=0.000) Variables like age, gender, educational level and nationality were noted to be significantly associated with the pain scores along with diabetes, hypertension, and type of injury. Art therapy is beneficial hence be utilized effectively by nurses to help alleviate pain among post- operative orthopedic patients.
Case Study Detecting Venous Blood Glucose in Relaxed Activity in one NAF Tube, and in three NAF Tube for After Anaerob Run Activity
Authors: Arifin Syamsul , Mutohir Toho Cholik , Kusnanik Nining Widyah
Published: March 2022

Ordinary cane (OC) is beverage natural used famously in the world. It is also used in research for athlete after badminton sport1) to look the effects in blood glucose detection in sports laboratory or for mice after being fed with cane juice of cavitated and probed, its cane juice treated crude palm oil floating of transducer2) was making more active. Sonicated by the liquid floating transducer to kill the microbe3,4). The in vivo research from healthy of amateur athlete Venous blood samples in leisure activities contained in NaF-1 tube and venous blood samples after Anaerobic run divided into 3 tubes: NaF-2, NaF-3 blood sample mixed by cane juice, NaF-4 blood sample mixed by OC after float Crude Palm Oils transducer (Tr. FCPO) 3 hours, where it’s exposed after dipped the piezoelectric5) (DP) 3 hours. The specific criteria in this research are: a. Anaerobic running in the sports field, b. Taking random venous samples between leisured and post-anaerobic activities, c. Carrying NaF tube from the sports field to Laboratory, d. detecting blood glucose from NaF tube. The results that turn out is 3 slope positive of blood glucose levels for: NaF-2, NaF-3, and NaF-4, there’s increases to in NaF-1, and if the blood glucose values of NaF-3 and Naf-4 are higher than NaF-2, then m is also positive. While another athlete (name’s Geo) is the negative slope of blood glucose values at NaF-4 of NaF-1, where called Geo cases. The solution to Geo’s case he is possibility pre-diabetes or cholesterol. Keywords: Anaerobic run, Sport field, Blood glucose levels, Cane juice, Cane juice cavitation, Floated CPO transducer.
Association of Leptin and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysist
Authors: Nathan Daniel Setiawan , Gustian Hary
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The risk factors for breast cancer consist of intrinsic, extrinsic and hormonal factors. Method: In the last ten years this meta-analysis taken literature based on full-text English journals published. This article aims to discuss the link between leptin levels and the incidence of breast cancer. The databases that we use in writing this article are Sage Pub, Pubmed and Google Schoolar. PICO (Patient, Index, Comparative, and Objective) analysis used in this study included patients with breast cancer, the index examined was the patient's leptin level, and comparisons were made on patients without breast cancer. Result: When it comes to breast cancer, the hormone leptin has been connected to a number of various phases and processes, including the progression of the disease itself.Conclusion: Most of the studies obtained showed that patients with breast cancer had higher levels of leptin with more severe disease grade, metastases, and ER(+). Keyword: Breast Cancer, Leptin, Obese, Menopaused
Association of Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysist
Authors: Nathan Daniel Setiawan , Samuel Lukas Mulyono
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Immune-mediated diseases such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still unable to be fully recognized, although the etiologic factors are multifactorial. Material and Method: This meta-analysis taken literature based on full-text English journals published in the last 20-years ago (range 2002-2022). This article aims to discuss one-way or two-way connection between IBD inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease CeD. The databases that we use in writing this article are Sage Pub, Pubmed and Google Schoolar. Result: Several researches have presented that with IBD in patients, CeD is more common than the general population, although these results are inconsistent. Conclusion: One of the risk factors associated with the association between IBD and CeD is genetic susceptibility, which can be clearly identified from a previous family history of the disease. Keyword: Celiac Disease; Crohn’s Disease; IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease); Ulcerative Colitis
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Isolated Staphylococcus Aureus Causing Bovine Mastitis in District Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Ruk Majeeda , Ujan Javed Ahmed , Lal Sham
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and to evaluate antibiotic resistant pattern among isolated S. aureus causing bovine mastitis. A total of 400 cattle milk samples from 3 dairy farms of district Khairpur located in Thehri, Gambat and Khairpur were collected in sterilized bottles. Clinical mastitis was noted based on signs of inflammation in the udder and obvious changes in milk. Subclinical mastitis was evaluated using the California mastitis test (CMT). Bacteria were isolated and identified from milk samples based on cultural, microscopic and biochemical tests. The isolated strains were then tested for their antibiotic sensitivity profile by Kiry-Baur disc diffusion assay. Out of 400 milk samples tested, 255 samples (63.55%) were positive for mastitis as indicated by CMT. S. aureus was isolated from 109 samples (26.25%) as confirmed by yellow colored colonies on Mannitol salt agar, Gram positive cocci in bunches and positive for catalase, coagulase, DNase and beta hemolysis. Area wise prevalence of S. aureus was noted as 31.34%, 28.57% and 21.8% in Khairpur, Thehri and Gambat respectively. S. aureus strains were highly resistant to the antibiotic Meropenem (81.6%) followed by Cefixime (61.4%) Cefotaxime (60.55%), Oxycillin (55%), Erythromycin (54%), Ampicillin (51.3%), Ciprofloxacin (38%), Cefradine (37.6%), Sulphametho-Trim (21.1%), Vancomycin (21.1%), Doxycycline (21.1%) and Amoxicillin-clavulanate (5.5%). This study suggests that clinical and subclinical form of S. aureus associated mastitis is highly prevalent among dairy cattle of district Khairpur and S. aureus has become resistant to most of the antibiotics. Hygiene status of animal is very much essential to control mastitis and to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria to other animals. Keywords: Mastitis; Staphylococcus aureus; Antibiotic Resistance
Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes (Type 2 Diabetes) and Their Risk Factors in Pregnant Women of Khairpur Mir’s Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Ujan Javed Ahmed , Memon Sassui , Solangi Shazia , Jumani Zulfiqar Ali , Channa Mujitaba , Ghumro Shaista , Sial Farooq , Hasnain Kaneez Ul , Memon Sakeena , Ujjan Shahnawaz
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Diabetes affects 415 million individuals globally, with 193 million undiagnosed diabetics. Type 2 diabetes affects more than 90% of diabetic patients. It causes microvascular and macrovascular problems that cause significant psychological and physical discomfort in both patients and caregivers and a significant financial burden on healthcare systems. Despite growing awareness of type 2 diabetes risk factors and evidence of effective preventative programmes, the disease's incidence and prevalence continue to climb globally. Methods: In this study, a population-based investigation was made among 60 pregnant women’s belonging to two different age groups ranges (18-38) and (36 to 45) and associated risk factors of the diabetes type 2 were screened out at Kausar Hospital, Khairpur city and Mehran Lab Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Results: Results of this study revealed 31 (52%) positive cases and 29 (48%) negative cases of Diabetes type 2 using manual micro lab procedure and glucometer (Random and Fastening Glucose test). Glucometer. Furthermore, our study also revealed that 80% of positive cases were also experiencing various infections, whereas 20% were without any infection, Similarity 55% of the cases were also had their genetic-based Diabetes, whereas 45% caught this during their gestation period and 47% showed anger and 53% of the woman were in stress. Conclusion: Our study suggests that Maternal and fetal monitoring is required to minimize maternal and fetal /neonatal morbidity and perinatal mortality. After delivery, all women with GDM must be reevaluated as to their glucose tolerance by a 75 g OGTT (WHO criteria). Keywords: Gestational Diabetes type 2, Glucometer, Frequency, Prevalence, Khairpur mirs.
Cardiac Symptoms in Disguise; The Potential Effects of Covid-19 on Heart Tissues and the need for Warning Cardiologists
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Perveen Nagina , Batool Hina , Ammar Arif Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Healthcare professionals throughout the world face a brand-new issue as SARS-CoV-2, a newly discovered coronavirus, spreads around the world. The study's primary goal is to find out how COVID-19 affects cardiac patients, as well as any potential effects on heart tissue and whether cardiologists should be notified. Faisalabad Medical University conducted this descriptive investigation between September 2021 and December 2021. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science articles published up to June 20th, 2021, were used in this inquiry. Also checked for additional relevant research were referenced references from previously published articles and reviews. People with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) have a greater vulnerability to contracting COVID-19, and as a result, their condition is more severe, and their prognosis is worse. Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) hurt the health of these individuals, but they do not appear to increase the chance of infection. The prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension in 1527 COVID-19 patients was 9.7 percent, 16.4 percent, and 17.1 percent, respectively, according to a meta-analysis of six published studies from China. Patients with COVID-19 are more likely to have pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or develop new heart dysfunction throughout their illness, based on the illness's striking clinical presentation and its considerable burden. Keywords: COVID-19, CVD, Patients, Effect
Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy among the Local Population of Pakistan
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Rahman Ammar Abdul , Shahid Areesha , Ammar Arif Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The majority of the world's population is chronically deficient in vitamin D. ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3) are the two forms of vitamin D. (D3). In terms of potency, vitamin D2 in the form of ergocalciferol (D2) is superior to vitamin D3 (D3). It is possible to get ergocalciferol from herbal sources, but cholecalciferol is produced in the body by being exposed to ultraviolet B radiation on the skin (UVB). Vitamin D is made from ergocalciferol, which is a precursor. Objectives: Whether or if vitamin D deficiency is linked to ischemic cardiomyopathy is the major purpose of this study (heart failure). Material and methods: From August to December 2021, researchers from Queen Mary University performed a cross-sectional study. Participants were required to undergo physical exams, blood tests, and echocardiographic evaluations as part of the research procedure. Venous blood samples were obtained the next morning after subjects had fasted the previous night (10 to 12 hours). After that, the serum was centrifuged and sent to the laboratory for biochemical examination as quickly as feasible. Results: A total of 50 persons participated in this research, which depends on data supplied by patients. There were no changes in age, gender, BMI, or sun exposure between the two groups of subjects. In ICMP patients, calcium levels were the only significant difference from those in the control group. Other biochemical indicators did not vary substantially across subjects. As compared to the general population, persons with ICMP had notably reduced mean 25(OH) D3 levels (14.5-7.4 ng/ml as opposed to 28.2-12.2; P = 0.001), but significantly higher PTH and NT-proBNP concentrations. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were revealed to be lower in ICMP patients than in controls, and it was proved that this shortfall had a major effect on heart function. Keywords: Vit-D, Patients, Cardiac Functions, Cardiomyopathy
Frequency of Teenage Pregnancy and Frequency of its Complications
Authors: Sabir Sadaf , Haq Gulfishan , Perhiar Sumaira Meer , Naz Falak , Fatima Maliha , Karim Farah
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To determine the frequency of fetomaternal complications among teenage pregnant women. Study design: Descriptive study, cross-sectional study. Settings: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Civil Hospital Karachi Study duration: 4th February 2019 to 3rd August 2020. Materials & Methods: A total of 126 pregnant women with teenage pregnancies of 13-19 years of age were included. Patients with known medical disorders i.e. PIH, DM were excluded. All teenagers were questioned for demographic particulars like age, parity, ethnicity, antenatal care, qualification, and their height and weight were taken. Clinical details regarding maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy were acquired. The data regarding the demographic characteristics of pregnant teenagers and details about fetal and maternal outcomes were documented. Results: In this study, the age span ranges between 13 and 19 years with a mean age of 17.44 ± 1.63 years. A majority of these patients 100 (79.87%) were between theage group of 17 to 19 years. In this study, the frequency of fetomaternal outcome in teenage pregnancy was as follows; anemia was found in 41 (32.54%), miscarriage in 23 (18.25%) patients, and preterm birth in 45 (35.71%) patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that teenage pregnancy is associated with adverse fetomaternal outcomes so it is recommended that public awareness should be arranged on national and regional levels regarding this major public health issue and to avoid teenage marriages. Keywords: Teenage pregnancy, anemia, preterm birth.
Education and training development
Authors: Tri Nguyen Minh , Ngoc Lai Quang , Dung Nguyen Trung
Published: March 2022

Today, countries around the world, including Vietnam, consider investing in education and training as an investment in development not only for today's generation but also for future generations. Education and training development is a leading national policy. Promoting its potential and advantages, Ho Chi Minh City is aiming to become the center of industry, services, education and training, science, and technology of Southeast Asia. To meet that requirement, Ho Chi Minh City identifies education and training as the top national policy that plays a decisive role in achieving sustainable development goals. Within the framework of the article, the author presents the current situation of education and training development in Ho Chi Minh City; thereby offering some appropriate solutions to develop education and training to meet the requirements outlined in the era of industrial revolution 4.0.
Inter-role conflict and job depressive symptoms
Authors: Joshi Meeta
Published: March 2022

The present research intends to look into the combined outcome of Inter-role conflict and job-related depressive symptoms among working women in relationship with the mediating role of perceived organizational support and moderating role of Employee resilience among middle-aged working women belongs to various occupations such as a bank, hospitality, retail sales, healthcare, telecom, travel and tourism, education and government sectors. Based on the Job-Demand-Resource Model's prediction, a total of seven hypotheses were investigated using mediation analysis of perceived organizational support and also the moderating influence of employee resilience.  Out of the given data,  247 aged women completed an online survey cross-sectional assessment. The data are authenticated using archival data from reliable sources.   The findings substantiated the hypothesis that there is a link between inter-role conflict and job depression symptoms. The findings also supported the idea that perceived organizational support modulates the link between inter-role conflict and job-related depression episodes. Employee Resilience exhibits a negative influence on Job Depressive Symptoms. Furthermore, the moderate data analysis demonstrates a favorable relationship between organizational and family support as predictors of Perceived Organizational Support.
Effect of psyllium seeds and its husk on hypercholesterolemic rats
Authors: Rabeh Naeem M , Refaat Omnia G , Dhaher Aya G Abd El
Published: March 2022

This study was performed to investigate the outcome of psyllium seeds and their husk on lipid profile for 8 weeks of hypercholesterolemic rats. A number of 36 mature male rats were split into two groups. The first six rats in the study were fed a standard diet (served as – ve control group). The second main group (30 rats) was fed on high cholesterol diet to induce hypercholesterolemia for six weeks, then was divided as follows: Subcategories (1) was fed on a diet with high cholesterol (as a positive control group). Subcategories (2 and 3) were on a diet with high cholesterol supplemented with 2.5% and 5% Psyllium husk powder, respectively. Subcategories (4 and 5) were fed on high cholesterol diet supplemented with 2.5 % and 5% Psyllium seed powder, respectively. The results revealed that liver functions were found to be significantly decreased (P<0.05) by Psyllium husk or seeds at the tested levels. Serum kidney functions and lipid profile were appreciably (P<0.05) decreased. At the same time, HDL-C was noticeably increased by psyllium seeds or husk supplementation at the tested levels in comparison to the positive control group.
Evaluating of academic nurses' clinical judgement skills in a critical care unit at Babylon City, Iraq
Authors: Shlash Ahmed Mohammed Jasim , Mohammed Shatha Saadi
Published: March 2022

Clinical judgement is the foundation of nursing practices and recognized as essential skills for all nurses and serves as a distinguishing factor between professional nurses and those in strictly technical roles. Hence, the goal of this study was to evaluate of academic nurse’s clinical judgement skills. A cross-sectional quantitative design is used to conduct this study. The data was gathered during a period of time that started on July 10, 2021, and ended on September 20, 2021, using a non-probability purposive sampling approach that recruited (ninety-one) critical-care nurses from three public governmental hospitals in Babylon City, Iraq. The data was obtained through using a questionnaire format and amended by the researcher, data analyzed was through using (SPSS -version 25). More than half (56.0 %) of the study's participants are between the ages of 25 and 29, and more than two-thirds (61.5 %) are female, single, have a degree of Baccalaureate in nursing, within (1-5) years graduated from nursing, experience in nursing was (1-5 years), and live in urban regions. The results indicated that the majority of participants had average clinical judgement abilities, overall mean was (1.56).
Factors affecting the application of high technology in agriculture production of farmers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Binh Nguyen Dinh
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the factors affecting the decision to apply technology in agricultural production of farmers in Ho Chi Minh City. The logit model was used for the analysis. The results of the regression analysis showed that factors such as gender, education level, family labor, cultivated area, non-agricultural income, agricultural extension services, credit, farm training and economic efficiency from the application of high technology has a positive impact on the decision to apply technology in agricultural production of farmers in Ho Chi Minh City. While factors such as age, profit orientation, risk aversion, input costs, complexity of technology, and popularity of technology have a negative impact on the decision to apply technology of farmers.
Educational technology applied to adult education
Authors: Gonzáles José Luis Arias , Castillo Bryan Sebastián Alfaro , Pauca Mario José Vasquez , Chávez Milagros del Rosario Cáceres
Published: March 2022

Adult learning has been ubiquitous not only in the institutions of higher learning but in the lower learning institutions. As shown by many authors, adult learners often bring with them a high level of experience and higher expectations that positively reflect their performance in their classroom-based activity. This study is done explicitly on educational technology applied in adult learning to enhance the learning activities and increase the level of enrollment in adult learners. Also, the study brings to light how significant technological advancement in education is to adult learners since a higher percentage of students are busy people with different sets of commitments. The study suggests that faculty members' attitudes toward instructional technology, particularly those geared at adults, need to be re-evaluated to serve their students better. Instructors need to think about how technology might affect the development and use of andragogy in the classroom to help adult learners.
Randomized controlled trial comparing two doses of daily vitamin D supplementation in preterm neonates
Authors: Basta Dina Jamal Abdelmoez Abdelmegeed , Aboulghar Hanna Mohamed , Ali Aliaa Adel , Akmal Dina Mohamed , Baz Heba Nabil Amin
Published: March 2022

Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for preterm infants. The study aimed to compare the effect of 400  versus 1000 IU of daily oral vitamin D3 doses on vitamin D levels and anthropometric measurements of two groups of newborns. A Randomized controlled trial included eighty successive preterm neonates with a gestational age of ?32 weeks who were randomly allocated to receive 400 or 1000 IU/day of vitamin D. Data were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 23. Vitamin D concentrations at 40 weeks postconceptual age were significantly higher in the 1000 IU (16.26 ± 7.92 ng/ml) when compared to the 400 IU group (12.87 ± 6.15 ng/ml). Serum Calcium showed a highly significant rise in the 1000 IU group when compared with the 400 IU group (9.18 ± 1.76 mg/dL vs. 8.69 ± 0.77 mg/dL, p<0.001). Significant progression in length at follow-up in the 1000 IU group compared with the 400 IU group (42.0 ± 3.45 cm vs 39.93 ± 1.60 cm, p<0.001). Conclusion: 1000 IU/day of vitamin D supplementation in preterm infants ?32 weeks gestation age effectively decreases the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and leads to higher concentrations of 25(OH) vitamin D at 40 weeks PCA.
Human resources at Vietnamese universities in the process of international integration
Authors: Co Nguyen Dinh , Hanh Tong Thi
Published: March 2022

Human resources is the decisive factor determining the quality of the training of universities. Especially in the context of international integration and the explosion of the fourth industrial revolution (revolution 4.0) today, in order to survive, develop and assert their brands, universities must pay more attention to more to the quality of the human resources to meet the increasing demands of society. In recent years, the quality of human resources in universities in Vietnam has been continuously improved. However, compared with developed countries in the region, the quality of human resources in Vietnamese universities is still limited, still a long distance, requiring longer-term strategies from universities.
Characteristics of structure, meaning and culture of personal only in Ede language in Vietnam
Authors: Hoat Nguyen Minh , Huyen Nguyen Thi Thanh
Published: March 2022

Personal names are classified as proper nouns belonging to the noun category in a language. They function as nominators, addressing a particular name of a person in a given communication setting. Each community or ethnic group has distinctive cultural and linguistic features in naming a person. The Ede's names are a subset of the proper names, with their semantic and structural characteristics. Upon the basis of reasoning and the survey and categorization result of Ede personal names in Vietnam, this research paper analyzes and illuminates the structural and semantic features of the components in proper names, such as middle names, given names, and surnames of the Ede. Thereby, this also indicates modern-day's Ede people's pattern in naming and sheds light on their cultural traits through their names.
TVET Research in SSA: Recommendations for Thematic Priorities
Authors: Haßler Björn ,   Open Development & Education, Haseloff Gesine
Published: March 2022

This paper builds on our study on research on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study was commissioned by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF) and was conducted in 2019. Our study undertook a systematic literature review, which evaluated over 2,000 scientific publications, classifying some 300 as relevant to the topic and examined them in greater detail. One focus area was the institutionalisation of research on TVET in sub-Saharan Africa, its actors, networks and funding. A second area focused on the topics and content addressed by researchers on TVET in SSA. Our comprehensive study allows us to derive indications for future TVET research in SSA, which form the content of the present paper. Our recommendations for future research emerge from: The research literature analysed; A series of expert interviews; and A Structured Community Review. Our key contribution is an extension of the Mulder-Roelofs Vocational Education and Training Research Framework of categories for TVET research. The framework reflects the focus and quality criteria of European/German TVET, and is an ideal starting point. Through our research, we revised and extended the framework for use in SSA. Our goal was to build on international standards on the one hand, but on the other hand to extend and apply those for use in SSA. It therefore makes it possible to respond to the latest state of research both from a European perspective (e.g., donors/organisations like BMBF), as well as to examine the broad spectrum of very different aspects of TVET research in SSA. After presenting the relevant categories of TVET research, the authors go into detail on the topics for further research. Their conclusion recommends continuous research monitoring based on a constantly updated international network of researchers and institutions with an interest in TVET research in SSA. In particular, we propose a coordinated effort for an online, international community of stakeholders and researchers involved in TVET research in sub-Saharan Africa (https://convet.org).
Antibiotic resistance profiling and molecular detection of Escherichia coli Pathotypes isolated from irrigated fresh vegetables
Authors: Alabi Oluyemisi Helen , Obiekezie Smart Obumneme , Ekeleme Kenneth
Published: March 2022

Background: Vegetables are vital to our health and well-being providing essential vitamins, minerals and fibre. E. coli is an important agent of food and waterborne illnesses in humans. In the present study, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular detection of E. coli pathotypes isolated from fresh vegetables were carried out. Methods: A total of 135 vegetable samples of spinach, water leaves and pumpkin leaves were collected and diarrheagenic E. coli were identified using the standard microbiological method. The antibiotic susceptibility test for the isolates was carried out and interpreted in accordance with clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) protocol. The molecular detection of E. coli was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: Out of the 135 samples the occurrence of E. coli was 37.7%. The highest percentage occurrence was observed from pumpkin leaves (46,6%), and Water leaves (40.0%), while spinach has the lowest (26.6%). E. coli isolated from water leaves were highly susceptible to imipenem (83.3%) followed by Gentamicin (77.8%), Ciprofloxacin (66.7%), Ceftazidime (61.1%), Ampicillin (55.6%), Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (50.0%), Cefotaxime (44.4%), Cefoxitin (33.3%), Septrin (38.8%) and the lowest was Streptomycin (25.9%). The E. coli pathotype that was detected were eltB (33.0%) from spinach only, ial from spinach and water leaves each (33%), Vt2 from Pumpkin leaves (33%) and estA from spinach, water leaves, and Pumpkin leaves each (100%). Conclusion: The E. coli isolated from the fresh vegetables were multi-drug resistant and different E. coli Pathotype genes were detected. This observation presents a direct challenge to public health, where E. coli could serve as a gene pool for horizontal gene spread of antibiotic resistance genes
Production and partial characterization of proteases produced by Bacillus licheniformis isolated from cow rumen ingesta
Authors: Tsado Amos Ndarubu Tsado , Jiya Abel Gboke , Mohammed Adamu Saba , Gana David , Danazumi Nathaniel , Zubairu Rakiya , Olawale Junaid Quadri , Berinyuy Eustace B.
Published: March 2022

Background: In recent decades, proteases have gained a lot of recognition because of their applications in various industries, such industries as food, leather, pharmaceutical industries etc. The use of cheap substrates such as agro-industrial wastes could help in meeting industrial demand. Method: In this study, we evaluated the ability of groundnut shell and Bean chaff compared to that of glucose as carbon sources to support proteases production by Bacillus licheniformis isolated from cow rumen ingesta. Results: The optimum pH of the proteases produced with all carbon sources was observed at pH 6, while the optimum temperature of proteases produced with Bean chaff, groundnut shell and glucose were 50, 40 and 30 °C, respectively. However, the activities of proteases produced with agro-industrial wastes were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of glucose under optimum pH and temperature conditions, though protease produced with mango seeds had higher activity. The Km of the proteases produced with groundnut shell, Bean chaff and glucose were 9.78, 3.52 and 1.24 mg/mL while their Vmax were 555.56, 434.78 and 222.22 U/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The lower Km of proteases produced with the agro-industrial wastes suggests that both the carbon sources could be used in place of glucose, though glucose was preferred by the isolate. The presence of Bacillus licheniformis with proteolytic activity in the cow rumen ingesta could mean that the site could be a potential source of proteolytic isolates.
Notes on Tridax Trilobata (Cav.) Hemsl. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Vaishya Jeetendra , Ansari Anis , Dubey Nawal
Published: March 2022

Tridax trilobata (Cav.) Hemsl, an introduced species is reported on the basis of herbarium specimens prepared from cultivated plant. A brief description alongwith distribution, ecological observation, illustration, photographs, etc. are provided herewith to facilitate easy identification of the species in the field.
The Upshot of L2 Instructors’ Motivational Strategies in South Indian Technical Classroom Milieu during COVID-19
Authors: Saranraj L. , Gangalakshmi C. , Rajkumaran S. , Sam Paul R. Ebenezar , M S Vishwalingam
Published: March 2022

Motivation is an inevitable factor in Second Language (L2) learning and teaching; moreover, various motivational strategies are involved in this factor. In the teaching-learning process, motivational strategies are paramount to robust the attainment of L2 learners and instructors. This study aims to investigate the use of motivational strategies given by the L2 instructors in technical classrooms (online) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A simple random sampling method is used to collect data amongst 159 L2 instructors in South India. The questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used to collect the responses from the informants. The collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, internal reliability, and correlation. The study results revealed that various motivational strategies are not carried out meritoriously in an online class. Therefore, notable changes have occurred in the use of strategies in the virtual classroom. Stakeholders could utilize the strategies effectively and support the instructors’ community for balanced growth.