bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Educator and Education Staff in The Islamic Education Management Study Program Faculty of Tarbiyah IAIN Bone
Authors: Abu Bakar Abu Bakar , Fitriani Fitriani , Amin Arifah
Published: August 2023

This research aims to describe the management process of educator and education staff consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques are the method of observation, interviews and documentation. The data that has been collected is then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The results of the research are 1) Planning of educator and education staff in the Islamic Education Management study program, Faculty of Tarbiyah IAIN Bone is carried out by analyzing needs, researching problems, collecting data and information through the coordination of each leader, a series of actions carried out based on SOP, and finding solutions together to be used as the next reference. 2) Organizing of educator and education staff in the Islamic Education Management study program of the Tarbiyah Faculty of IAIN Bone is regulated based on the applicable IAIN Bone statutes and ortakers, the recruitment and placement of educator and education staff proposed from the institute and regulated by the central government. 3) Actuating of educator and education staff in the Islamic Education Management study program, Faculty of Tarbiyah IAIN Bone is supported by giving examples from leaders, guidance through training and BIMTEK, fairly effective communication, giving motivation in the form of rewards and punishments, giving facilities and infrastructure for education staff that are adequate and still sought to be the best for educator. 4) Controlling of educator and education staff in the Islamic Education Management study program, Faculty of Tarbiyah IAIN Bone is carried out by monitoring and evaluating every study program, directly from the leadership, and various routine reports as a form of real output. Then followed up with problem solving together.
Implementasi Fungsi Pengawasan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan
Authors: Elynawati Elynawati , Usman Nurodin , Mawardi Imam
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the implementation of the supervisory function of the DPRD Temanggung Regency in terms of planning, implementation, and evaluation, to find out the efforts made by the DPRD to improve the quality of education in Temanggung Regency and to find out the obstacles faced by the DPRD in overseeing the quality of education in Temanggung Regency. The research used is qualitative research, while the research approach used is descriptive qualitative research. The object of this research is the DPRD of Temanggung Regency. The method used in this study is a descriptive method that is carried out in a systematic, factual, and accurate manner regarding the facts, nature, and relationship of the phenomena being investigated. The data were obtained through interviews, document studies, and observation. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The implementation of the DPRD's supervisory function to improve the quality of education in Temanggung Regency from the planning, implementation, and evaluation side has been going well and in accordance with statutory regulations; (2) The efforts that have been made by the DPRD to improve the quality of education in Temanggung Regency are through the legislative function and through the budgeting function; (3) Obstacles faced by the DPRD in supervising the quality of education in Temanggung Regency are limited human resources, both in terms of numbers, educational background, the background of interest and level of understanding of DPRD Members regarding the supervisory function, limited time, limited authority, limited information and there is a wrong perception of the supervision carried out by the DPRD.
Implementing One Stop Schooling System Program in Reaching Graduate Standards of Santri at Salaf Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Lathifah Etharina , Humaidi M. Nurul , Kamaludin Mohammad
Published: August 2023

The study aims to describe the application of the one-stop schooling system in achieving standards for graduating students in the Islamic Boarding School Al-Ma'had Setu Bekasi. The study uses field research with a qualitative descriptive research design, while data is collected by using interviews, observation, and document collection related to the research focus. Interview techniques are used to collect data from several sources, including the school's founders, management, and students. The analysis flow follows an interactive analysis model, with the process of analysis made through 4 stages data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and deduction. The findings suggest that the Pondok Pesantren Salaf Al-Ma'had Setu Bekasi uses the One Stop Schooling System to achieve the standard characters for graduating students; ten standards have been designed. Pondok Pesantren Salaf Al-Ma'had Setu Bekasi belongs to the traditional Islamic boarding school but uses modern teaching systems and methods. In the application of the One Stop Schooling System, a teaching and educational method becomes the primary facility for achieving the character standards for graduating students. In the program, there is also an organization that serves as a support facility to help students develop their insights, knowledge, talents, and skills.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL TERHADAP VAKSIN COVID-19 DI PUSKESMAS SP IV PRAFI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI TAHUN 2022
Authors: Her Bambang Trisiwi Bayu Pangayoman , Pihahey Priscilla Jessica , Soripet Merlin , Bahrah Bahrah , Pongoh Ariani , Isnaini Yuni Subhi
Published: August 2023

COVID-19 adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh penyakit infeksi yang dapat menyebabkan kematian, gejalanya demam, batuk, sesak napas, nyeri tenggorokan, hilang penciuman dan diare. COVID-19 dapat dicegah dengan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat menjaga jarak, memakai masker dan mendapatkan vaksinasi. Wanita hamil yang terkena COVID-19 berisiko mengalami persalinan prematur, pembengkakan hingga kematian. Vaksinasi pada ibu hamil di Manokwari untuk dosis pertama 7 ibu hamil dan dosis kedua 4 ibu hamil. Masih banyak ibu hamil yang menolak vaksin karena pengetahuan yang kurang, pengaruh lingkungan, budaya, keyakinan, tidak mendapat persetujuan dari keluarga, kecemasan akibat informasi yang salah dari media sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil terhadap vaksin COVID-19. Metode penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional analitik yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai dengan Mei tahun 2022 di Puskesmas SP IV Prafi Kabupaten Manokwari. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang menilai kehamilannya sebanyak 138 ibu hamil pada bulan Januari-Februari 2022. Sampel diperoleh dengan rumus Slovin sebanyak 58 ibu hamil. Data diolah secara univariat dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji alternatif chi-square yaitu Kolmogorov-Smirnov dengan STATA. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa 57 Ibu hamil belum bersedia menerima vaksin COVID-19. Ibu hamil yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang dengan sikap positif 4,8%, pengetahuan kurang dengan sikap negatif 25%, pengetahuan cukup dengan sikap positif 35,7% pengetahuan cukup dengan sikap negatif 43,7%, pengetahuan baik dengan sikap positif 59,5% ,p-nilai 0,313. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini tidak ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang vaksin COVID-19 dengan sikap ibu hamil terhadap vaksin COVID-19 di Puskesmas SP IV Prafi Manokwari, hal dikarenakan berbagai faktor internal lain dari responden meskipun rata-rata responden telah memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup dan baik
RESULTS OF ANTIFIBROTIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B+C
Authors: Usychenko K.M.
Published: August 2023

Modern antiviral therapy regimens for patients with chronic viral hepatitis aim to achieve either long-term suppression of pathogen replication (e.g., nucleoside analogs in chronic hepatitis B) or complete elimination of the virus (such as direct-acting antiviral drugs in chronic hepatitis C). However, antiviral agents do not have a significant impact on the complete restoration of biochemical processes or the prevention of further progression of morphological changes in the liver. These limitations emphasize the ongoing need for new therapeutic strategies that target the processes of fibrogenesis.

The aim of the work is to assess the possibility of the effect of the drug "Bicyclol" on fibrotic changes in patients with chronic hepatitis B+C using a non-invasive scale of the rate of fibrosis.

Materials and methods

An analysis of the dynamics of 62 patients with chronic hepatitis B and C (HCV+C) was conducted. All patients received long-term antiviral therapy consisting of pegylated interferon for 48 weeks. In the main group (Group I), patients with chronic hepatitis B and C were prescribed the drug "Bicyclol" after completing antiviral treatment with interferon. The control group (Group II) followed the principles of proper nutrition and took traditional hepatoprotectors. Based on the identified correlations, a non-invasive scale was proposed to assess the individual risk of liver fibrosis progression.

Research results

Against the background of the use of an antiviral treatment regimen, the normalization of cytolysis indicators was observed in most patients with CHB+C, but in some patients it was short-lived. Treatment with the drug "Bicyclol" contributed to a further decrease in cytolysis indicators, in the vast majority of patients with CHB+C, the activity of ALT and AST reached the upper limit of the norm. In patients with CHB+C who received only basic treatment without an antifibrotic component, a tendency to maintain an elevated level of transaminases was observed.

Conclusions.

Thus, the use of the hepatoprotector "Bicyclol" for 12 months ensures a decrease in cytolysis in the liver, is accompanied by a decrease in the severity of fibrosis, and in some patients - its reverse development. The use of the proposed prognostic scale makes it possible to assess the need for early appointment of antifibrotic therapy.
“Siluetas tapatías” en el periódico “El Kaskabel”. Cuadros costumbristas moralizantes en los estertores del porfiriato
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Bastarrica Mora Beatriz
Published: August 2023

This article identifies, in the context of the ‘costumbrist’ satire of the press during the Porfiriato, the most outstanding mental representations in the class and gender dynamics that occurred in the daily life of Guadalajara’s sociabilities. This identification is made on the urban environments of these dynamics, specifically around the clothing and general appearance of its protagonists. The main objective is to demonstrate how clothing, daily interactions in public and private spaces, and humorous texts can contain – if one knows how to read between the lines – keys to better understand the conflicting relationships that exist between social classes and genres. For this, I analyze a series of brief articles published in the Guadalajara newspaper El Kaskabel, in the years 1906, 1907 and 1908. The analysis is supported by the conceptual framework of the history of representations, and by consulting other textual sources.
Anti-hyperglycemic Effect of Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) Leaves Extract Through Liver and Muscle Glycogen Deposits in Streptozotocin-induced Hyperglycmic Sprague-Dawley Rats Model
Authors: Andrestian Meilla Dwi , Damanik Rizal , Anwar Faisal , Yuliana Nancy Dewi
Published: August 2023

The association of liver and muscle glycogen deposits with serum insulin levels, β-cells pancreas, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rats receiving Torbangun leaves extract (TE) investigated. The intervention performed on 25 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats divided into four groups. Seven rats separated as a normal group (N), and other rats injected with streptozotocin (STZ). Confirmation of hyperglycemic was characterized by fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dl. Treatment group which is NG (hyperglycemic rats); N (normal rats); H-IM (62.5 mg/kg BW metformin); and H-IT (620 mg/kg BW TE) for 14 days. This study revealed that TE significantly decreased FBG levels, increased insulin production, and the amount of liver glycogen deposits (a=0.01). However, the intervention did not significantly increase the amount of muscle glycogen deposits. TE administration improves β-cells, increases the liver and muscle glycogen deposits. TE was shown to have antihyperglycemic activity by improving the β-cell, increasing blood serum insulin levels, decreasing blood glucose levels, and increasing the liver glycogen deposits.
Acute Toxicity Test of Black Pomegranate Peel Extract (Granati Fructus Cortex) Against Larvae of Shrimp (Artemia salina Leach)
Authors: Achmad Rofiatu Sholihah , Aditya Lingga Aditya , Cahyariza Nosa Ika
Published: August 2023

Toxicity test on red pomegranate has done, while in black pomegranate is not widely known. Black pomegranate peel (Granati Fructus Cortex) has some chemical ingredients such as saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids are thought to be toxic at certain levels. This study aimed to determine the effects of toxic black pomegranate peel extract (Granati Fructus Cortex) against larvae of shrimp (Artemia salina Leach) indicated LC50 values below 1000 µg / ml. This study is purely experimental by using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The experiments divided into five groups, namely ethanol extract of black pomegranate peel (Granati Fructus Cortex) with a concentration of 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm, and negative control (seawater). Mortality data percentage of Artemia salina Leach analyzed by probit analysis. Results showed that the extract of black pomegranate peel (Granati Fructus Cortex) has a toxic effect on larvae of Artemia salina Leach with LC50 values of 114.090 µg/ml. From these results, it can conclude that black pomegranate peel extract has a potential acute toxic to larval shrimp (Artemia salina Leach) with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method.
Ethanol Extract of Black Cumin Seed (Nigella Sativa) Reduces Expression Kidney iNOS in Mice Model Preeclampsia
Authors: Hipni Rubiati
Published: August 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of ethanol extract of black cumin seeds (Nigella Sativa) on iNOS expression in the kidney of mice model preeclampsia. Design This study uses an experimental design with a posttest only control group design. Using a mice model preeclampsia. This study was divided into 6 groups: negative control, positive control (preeclampsia model), model + black cumin seed extract 500 mg/KgBB/day, 1000 mg/KgBB/day, 1500 mg/KgBB/day, and 2000 mg/KgBB/day days, after surgery on mice then examined iNOS Kidney expression by methods Immunohistochemical. Data from observations were analyzed by one way ANOVA test. The result there is an effect of ethanol extract of black cumin seeds on renal iNOS expression in mice model preeclampsia (p
Effects of chronic urticaria on ovarian reserve
Authors: AK Mehmet , TAŞ Mustafa , AKSOY Hüseyin , ERTAŞ Ragıp
Published: August 2023

Aims: To evaluate the ovarian reserve in women with chronic urticaria (CU).

Methods: Thirty women with CU and twenty nine healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured on cycle day 2. All patients underwent transvaginal ultrasonographic examination on the second day of their menstrual cycle to assess Antral Follicle Count (AFC) and ovarian volume (OV). The disease activity of CU was measured with the urticaria control test (UCT) and urticaria activity score (UAS).

Results: Women with CU had significantly lower concentrations of AMH, AFC, and E2 than controls. Additionally, total AFC and ovarian volume were significantly lower in women with CU than in the control group. UAS and UCT were positively associated with FSH and negatively associated with AMH, AFC, and OV.

Conclusion: This is the first prospective controlled study to examine ovarian reserve in women with CU. In this study, we found that ovarian reserve was significantly reduced in women with CU. CU may negatively affect the ovarian reserve but the mechanism of this effect is unclear.
The impact of COVID-19 on patients with Parkinson disease
Authors: KOBAK TUR Esma , ARI Buse Çağla
Published: August 2023

Aims: Viral infections have been implicated in the development of Parkinson disease (PD). It has been observed that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in dopaminergic cells can expedite the degeneration process and potentially exacerbate symptoms. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with PD.

Methods: A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study. The severity of the disease was assessed using the using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), while the stage of the disease was determined using modified Hoehn &Yahr Rating Scale (m HYRS). Various measures were taken to evaluate the patients’ well-being, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39), and Impact of Events Scale (IES-R) scores. The researchers also recorded the UPDRS scores, levodopa equivalent doses (LED), and BMI of the patients before and after the lockdown period. Subsequently, the collected data were compared to identify any significant changes.

Results: The difference in UPDRS, LED and BMI of the patients before and after the lockdown was statistically significant (p
Pan-cancer transcriptomic data of ABI1 transcript variants and molecular constitutive elements identifies novel cancer metastatic and prognostic biomarkers
Authors: Lin Tingru , Guo Jingzhu , Peng Yifan , Li Mei , Liu Yulan , Yu Xin , Wu Na , Yu Weidong
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Abelson interactor 1 (ABI1) is associated with the metastasis and prognosis of many malignancies. The association between ABI1 transcript spliced variants, their molecular constitutive exons and exon–exon junctions (EEJs) in 14 cancer types and clinical outcomes remains unsolved.

OBJECTIVE:

To identify novel cancer metastatic and prognostic biomarkers from ABI1 total mRNA, TSVs, and molecular constitutive elements.

METHODS:

Using data from TCGA and TSVdb database, the standard median of ABI1 total mRNA, TSV, exon, and EEJ expression was used as a cut-off value. Kaplan-Meier analysis, Chi-squared test ([Formula: see text]) and Kendall’s tau statistic were used to identify novel metastatic and prognostic biomarkers, and Cox regression analysis was performed to screen and identify independent prognostic factors.

RESULTS:

A total of 35 ABI1-related factors were found to be closely related to the prognosis of eight candidate cancer types. A total of 14 ABI1 TSVs and molecular constitutive elements were identified as novel metastatic and prognostic biomarkers in four cancer types. A total of 13 ABI1 molecular constitutive elements were identified as independent prognostic biomarkers in six cancer types.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, we identified 14 ABI1-related novel metastatic and prognostic markers and 21 independent prognostic factors in total 8 candidate cancer types.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphism miRNA-146a (rs2910164) with increased predisposition to oral squamous cell carcinoma in central India population
Authors: Tiwari Shikha , Pandey Ritu , Kumar Vinay , Das Saikat , Gupta Vikas , Vishwakarma Supriya , Nema Rajeev , Sindhuja Tulasi , Hashmi Sana , Kumar Ashok
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: miRNAs play a crucial role in the genesis of cancer, either as tumor suppressor genes or as oncogenes. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the seed region of microRNAs (miRNAs) can dysregulate their levels in the tissues and thereby affect carcinogenesis. The association of SNP in miR-146a (rs2910164) with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been understood. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we have determined the association and functional significance of miR-146a (rs2910164) SNP with susceptibility to OSCC predisposition. METHODS: In the present case-control study, we enrolled 430 subjects from central India (215 OSCC cases and 215 healthy controls). We performed genotyping by Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP), and their correlation with OSCC susceptibility was analyzed. miRNA expression profiling in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from six OSCC patients was done by a NanoString n-Counter-based assay. Subsequently, gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed with FunRich version 3.13. RESULTS: The CC genotype of rs2910164 miR-146a was significantly associated with the increased risk for OSCC (CC vs GC, OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.48–4.66; p value = 0.001). However, the GC genotype was protective with GC vs CC (OR = 0.38, 95%CI =0.21–0.67, p-value = 0.001), and GC vs GG (OR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.37–0.89, p-value = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our finding suggests that SNP rs2910164 of miR-146a may be a genetic risk factor for OSCC susceptibility in the Central India population. However, more extensive multicenter studies are required to validate these findings.
Chapter 1. The Roles of Symbols in Neural-Based AI: They Are Not What You Think!
Authors: Silver Daniel L. , Mitchell Tom M.
Published: August 2023

We propose that symbols are first and foremost external communication tools used between intelligent agents that allow knowledge to be transferred in a more efficient and effective manner than having to experience the world directly. But, they are also used internally within an agent through a form of self-communication to help formulate, describe and justify subsymbolic patterns of neural activity that truly implement thinking. Symbols, and our languages that make use of them, not only allow us to explain our thinking to others and ourselves, but also provide beneficial constraints (inductive bias) on learning about the world. In this paper we present relevant insights from neuroscience and cognitive science, about how the human brain represents symbols and the concepts they refer to, and how today’s artificial neural networks can do the same. We then present a novel neuro-symbolic hypothesis and a plausible architecture for intelligent agents that combines subsymbolic representations for symbols and concepts for learning and reasoning. Our hypothesis and associated architecture imply that symbols will remain critical to the future of intelligent systems NOT because they are the fundamental building blocks of thought, but because they are characterizations of subsymbolic processes that constitute thought.
Chapter 21. Neuro-Symbolic Semantic Learning for Chemistry
Authors: Glauer Martin , Mossakowski Till , Neuhaus Fabian , Memariani Adel , Hastings Janna
Published: August 2023

Ontologies represent human domain expertise symbolically in a way that is accessible to human experts and suitable for a variety of applications. As a result, they are widely used in scientific research. A challenge for the neuro-symbolic field is how to use the knowledge encoded in ontologies together with sub-symbolic learning approaches. In this chapter we describe a general neuro-symbolic architecture for using knowledge from ontologies to improve the generalisability and accuracy of predictions of a deep neural network applied to chemical data. The architecture consists of a multi-layer network with a multi-step training process: first, the network is given a self-supervised pre-training step with a masked language step in order to learn the input representation. Second, the network is given an ontology pre-training step in which the network learns to predict membership in the classes of the ontology as a way to learn organising knowledge from the ontology. Finally, we show that visualisation of the attention weights of the ontology-trained network allows some form of interpretability of network predictions. In general, we propose a three-layered architecture for neuro-symbolic integration, with layers for 1) encoding, 2) ontological classification, and 3) ontology-driven logical loss.
Senescent Microglia Represent a Subset of Disease-Associated Microglia in P301S Mice
Authors: Ng Pei Y. , Zhang Cheng , Li Hu , Baker Darren J.
Published: August 2023

Background: The existence and contribution of microglia with senescent-like alterations in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been suggested in recent years. However, the identification of this distinct microglial population in vivo has proven challenging, largely due to overlaps in the inflammatory phenotype of activated and senescent microglia. Furthermore, attempts at recapitulating senescence in microglia in vitro are limited. Objective: To identify and characterize senescent microglia that occur in vivo in an animal model of neurodegeneration driven by pathologic tau. Methods: We analyzed the RNA expression patterns of individual microglia from normal mice and the pathogenic tau P301 S PS19 mouse model. We have previously demonstrated that p16-expressing senescent microglia occur in these mice when neurodegeneration has occurred. Results: Here we identify a subset of disease-associated microglia with senescent features, notably characterized by the expression of Ccl4. This signature overlaps with established markers of senescence from other cell types. Conclusion: Our characterization of senescent microglia can be used to better understand the role of senescent microglia in various age-related contexts, including whether clearance of senescent microglia represents a viable therapeutic option.
Upregulation of sFRP1 Is More Profound in Female than Male 5xFAD Mice and Positively Associated with Amyloid Pathology
Authors: Macyczko Jesse R. , Wang Na , Lu Wenyan , Jeevaratnam Suren , Shue Francis , Martens Yuka , Liu Chia-Chen , Kanekiyo Takahisa , Bu Guojun , Li Yonghe
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease is greater in women, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We herein demonstrated that α-secretase ADAM10 was downregulated and ADAM10 inhibitor sFRP1 was upregulated in 5xFAD mice. While there were no sex effects on ADAM10 protein and sFRP1 mRNA levels, female 5xFAD and age-matched non-transgenic mice exhibited higher levels of sFRP1 protein than corresponding male mice. Importantly, female 5xFAD mice accumulated more Aβ than males, and sFRP1 protein levels were positively associated with Aβ42 levels in 5xFAD mice. Our study suggests that sFRP1 is associated with amyloid pathology in a sex-dependent manner.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Life Review Delivered by Virtually-Trained Family Caregivers
Authors: Miyawaki Christina E. , McClellan Angela , Bouldin Erin D. , Brohard Cheryl , Spencer Helen , Tahija Nina , Kunik Mark E.
Published: August 2023

Background: Due to the high prevalence of depressive symptoms and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in older Americans (≥65 years), we developed a six-week depression intervention, Caregiver-Provided Life Review (C-PLR) for care recipients (CRs) with early-stage dementia and mild depression. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of C-PLR delivered by virtually-trained caregivers (CGs) on CRs who live with dementia and depression in community and long-term care settings (N = 25 CG-CR dyads). Methods: We used fidelity scores as a measure of CG’s feasibility to provide C-PLR. We collected the pre- and post-measures on CRs’ depression (primary outcome), life satisfaction, CGs’ burden, positive aspects of caregiving, and CG-CR relationship quality (secondary outcomes) and compared them using paired t-tests. We evaluated if the effect differed by race/ethnicity, residential setting, or living alone. Results: The average fidelity check-in score was 14.8±0.78 indicating high feasibility. CGs were 52 years old (mean), 88% female, 64% working, 72% college-educated, and 72% in good-excellent health. CRs were 81 years old (mean), 84% female, and 56% in poor-fair health. CRs’ depression significantly improved (p < 0.001), and this effect was found in CRs who were Asian (p = 0.017), White (p = 0.040), community-dwelling (p < 0.001), lived alone (p = 0.045), or with others (p = 0.002). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the C-PLR can be successfully taught to CGs virtually and is effective in reducing CR’s depressive symptoms. C-PLR could be implemented more broadly to improve symptoms among CRs in community and residential settings, as well as among a diverse population of CRs.
Immunohistochemistry in pathology: A review
Authors: Kohale Mangesh G. , Dhobale Anupama V. , Bankar Nandkishor J. , Noman Obaid , Hatgaonkar Kajal , Mishra Vaishnavi
Published: August 2023

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an invaluable technique in pathology that allows for the localization and characterization of specific antigens within tissues using specific antibodies. Over the years, IHC has revolutionized the field of diagnostic pathology, providing critical information about the molecular and cellular composition of tissues. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an overview of the principles, methodologies, applications, and challenges of IHC in pathology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital technique in pathology that allows for the detection and visualization of specific antigens within tissue samples. This article provides an overview of the principles, methodology, and applications of IHC in pathology. The principles of immunoreactivity, antibody selection, and detection methods are discussed, highlighting their importance in achieving accurate and reliable results. The methodology of IHC, including tissue preparation, antigen retrieval, and visualization techniques, is outlined to guide researchers and pathologists in implementing the technique effectively. The article also explores the role of antibodies in IHC, emphasizing the differences between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, as well as the significance of antibody validation and quality control. The applications of IHC in pathology are described, ranging from tumor classification and prognostic assessments to the detection of infectious agents and the characterization of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the article examines advancements and challenges in IHC, such as multiplex staining, digital pathology, quality control, and interpretation. Finally, emerging techniques, including the integration of next-generation sequencing and artificial intelligence, are discussed as future perspectives for IHC. Overall, this comprehensive overview demonstrates the indispensable role of IHC in pathology and its continuous evolution to meet the ever-expanding needs of diagnostic and research endeavors.
FightNet deep learning strategy: An innovative solution to prevent school fighting violence
Authors: Thao Le Quang , Diep Nguyen Thi Bich , Bach Ngo Chi , Linh Le Khanh , Giang Nguyen Do Hoang
Published: August 2023

In this study, we introduce a new method to address the pressing issue of school violence using Artificial Intelligence (AI). School violence is a critical issue that affects the safety and well-being of students, teachers, and the school community as a whole. Violent behaviors, such as bullying, physical assaults, and weapon use, can have long-term effects on students’ psychological health and academic performance. To reduce these issues, we developed a lightweight Deep Learning model that can be integrated into a school’s surveillance camera system to quickly detect violent fighting behaviors for timely intervention by school staff. The proposed FightNet model consists of three components: MobileNetV2 backbone, Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) neck, and Centernet Object as a Point (COaP) head. By optimizing the hyperparameters of the model to extract keypoints in image frames from the COCO dataset, we applied an LSTM model to determine the temporal dependence of actions and classify them as “fighting” or “normal” using the UBI-Fights dataset. The FightNet model achieved mAP@0.5 of 45.34% and mAP@0.95 of 55.89% in estimating keypoints, and 72.68% accuracy and 71.69% F1-score in predicting actions. Based on these results, we conclude that the proposed model can effectively address the issue of school violence.
Focused categorization power of ontologies: General framework and study on simple existential concept expressions
Authors: Svátek Vojtěch , Zamazal Ondřej , Nguyen Viet Bach , Ivánek Jiří , Kľuka Ján , Vacura Miroslav
Published: August 2023

When reusing existing ontologies for publishing a dataset in RDF (or developing a new ontology), preference may be given to those providing extensive subcategorization for important classes (denoted as focus classes). The subcategories may consist not only of named classes but also of compound class expressions. We define the notion of focused categorization power of a given ontology, with respect to a focus class and a concept expression language, as the (estimated) weighted count of the categories that can be built from the ontology’s signature, conform to the language, and are subsumed by the focus class. For the sake of tractable initial experiments we then formulate a restricted concept expression language based on existential restrictions, and heuristically map it to syntactic patterns over ontology axioms (so-called FCE patterns). The characteristics of the chosen concept expression language and associated FCE patterns are investigated using three different empirical sources derived from ontology collections: first, the concept expression pattern frequency in class definitions; second, the occurrence of FCE patterns in the Tbox of ontologies; and last, for class expressions generated from the Tbox of ontologies (through the FCE patterns); their ‘meaningfulness’ was assessed by different groups of users, yielding a ‘quality ordering’ of the concept expression patterns. The complementary analyses are then compared and summarized. To allow for further experimentation, a web-based prototype was also implemented, which covers the whole process of ontology reuse from keyword-based ontology search through the FCP computation to the selection of ontologies and their enrichment with new concepts built from compound expressions.
A very low-profile CPW based conformal antenna for wearable/implantable applications
Authors: Thyla B. , Bai V. Thulasi
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: In wireless communication standard 4G and 5G, the body centric network plays an important role for the wireless communication between various devices. OBJECTIVE: This research relates to a wide-band conformal co-planar waveguide (CPW) antenna for wearable applications. METHODS: The proposed CPW antenna is printed on 0.1 mm thick bio-compatible polymide substrate whose dielectric constant and permittivity are 3.5 and 0.02 respectively. The total area of the antenna is around 17.5 × 15 mm2 which is significantly smaller than the wearable antennas proposed in literature. The proposed antenna is designed to operate in new ISM band 5.8 GHz with the bandwidth of 5.3–6.3 GHz with 2:1 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). The antenna is printed on the flexible substrate and hence robustness of device is evaluated by bending analysis. It reveals the superior performance of the designed CPW antenna over the desired spectrum of operation. RESULTS: Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated after placing the antenna at various places of human phantom model and showed that SAR values are below 1.6 W/Kg which is the maximum margin recommended by Federal Communication Commission (FCC), i.e when tested with 1 g and 10 g of human tissue of phantom model, for the test frequency range of 5.5–6.1 GHz, SAR value falls between 0.9987 and 0.921 W/Kg respectively. The antenna also shows the radiation efficiency around 92% with overall realized gain 5.2 dBi which are substantial values for wearable applications. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of this research revealed the feasibility of the recommended antenna becoming a major contender of future Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
Discovery, classification and application of the CPISPR-Cas13 system
Authors: Nie Xiaojuan , Wang Dandan , Pan Ye , Hua Ye , Lü Peng , Yang Yanhua
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system is an acquired immune system of bacteria and archaea. Continued research has resulted in the identification of other Cas13 proteins. OBJECTIVE: This review briefly describes the discovery, classification, and application of the CRISPR-Cas13 system, including recent technological advances in addition to factors affecting system performance. METHODS: Cas13-based molecular therapy of human, animal, and plant transcriptomes was discussed, including regulation of gene expression to combat pathogenic RNA viruses. In addition, the latest progress, potential shortcomings, and challenges of the CRISPR-Cas system for treatment of animal and plant diseases are reviewed. RESULTS: The CRISPR-Cas system VI is characterized by two RNA-guided higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide-binding domains. CRISPR RNA can cleave specific RNA through the interaction between the stem-loop rich chain of uracil residues and the Cas13a protein. The CRISPR-Cas13 system has been applied for gene editing in animal and plant cells, in addition to biological detection via accurate targeting of single-stranded RNA. CONCLUSION: The CRISPR-Cas13 system offers a high-throughput and convenient technology for detection of viruses and potentially the development of anti-cancer drugs in the near future.
Automatic extraction of coronary arteries using deep learning in invasive coronary angiograms
Authors: Meng Yinghui , Du Zhenglong , Zhao Chen , Dong Minghao , Pienta Drew , Tang Jinshan , Zhou Weihua
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: Accurate extraction of coronary arteries from invasive coronary angiography (ICA) images is essential for the diagnosis and risk stratification of coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVE: In this study, a novel deep learning (DL) method is proposed for automatically extracting coronary arteries from ICA images. METHODS: A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed with full-scale skip connections and full-scale deep supervisions. The encoder architecture was based on the residual and inception modules to obtain multi-scale features from multiple convolutional layers with different window shapes. Transfer learning was utilized to improve both the initial performance and learning efficiency. A hybrid loss function was employed to further optimize the segmentation model. RESULTS: The model was tested on a data set of 616 ICAs obtained from 210 patients, composed of 437 images for training, 49 images for validation, and 130 images for testing. The segmentation model achieved a Dice score of 0.8942, a sensitivity of 0.8735, a specificity of 0.9954, and a Hausdorff distance of 6.0794 mm; it could predict arteries for a single ICA frame in 0.2114 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that our model outperformed the state-of-the-art deep-learning models. Our new method has great potential for clinical use.
Role of pre-hospital emergency medical systems in the rescue of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Tan Pei-Ze , Li Shang-Lun , Zhang Qing , Liu Xiang , Tang Feng , Liu Chang-Le
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a series of clinical syndromes caused by ischemic necrosis of myocardial cells that results from severe and persistent acute ischemia of the myocardium due to a dramatic reduction or interruption of coronary blood supply. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we analyzed the role of pre-hospital emergency services in the rescue of patients suffering from ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: We enrolled 229 patients with STEMI who were transported to the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University by Tianjin Emergency Center from January 2017 to June 2021. With the development of the pre-hospital emergency medical system in Tianjin (2019) as the time node, the patients were divided into three groups: A (87 cases), B (68 cases), and C (74 cases). The onset-to-call time, emergency response time, door-to-balloon (D-B) time, first medical contact to balloon dilation (FMC-B) time, symptom onset-to-balloon dilation (S-B) time, proportion of patients receiving prehospital administration of bispecific antibodies, number of days hospitalized, total hospitalization expenses, and in-hospital incidence and mortality of heart failure were compared between the three groups. RESULTS: Group C differed significantly from group A and group B in terms of emergency response time, D-B time, FMC-B time, S-B time, the proportion of patients who received prehospital administration of bispecific antibodies, and the number of days of hospitalization (P< 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the onset-to-call time (P> 0.05) and the decreasing trends in the in-hospital incidence and mortality of heart failure were not statistically significant (incidence: 9.50% vs. 13.23%, 12.64%; mortality: 4.10% vs. 5.90%, 4.60%). CONCLUSION: A reasonable pre-hospital emergency medical network layout and resource investment, as well as the strengthening of the interface between pre-hospital and in-hospital medical emergencies and pre-hospital standardized rescue, can shorten the emergency response time and the total ischemic time in patients with chest pain, which can improve patient prognosis to a certain extent.
Developing a prototype system of computer-aided appointment scheduling: A radiology department case study
Authors: Chen Ping-Shun , Lai Chin-Hui , Chen Ying-Tzu , Lung Ting-Yu
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: Scheduling patient appointments in hospitals is complicated due to various types of patient examinations, different departments and physicians accessed, and different body parts affected. OBJECTIVE: This study focuses on the radiology scheduling problem, which involves multiple radiological technologists in multiple examination rooms, and then proposes a prototype system of computer-aided appointment scheduling based on information such as the examining radiological technologists, examination departments, the patient’s body parts being examined, the patient’s gender, and the patient’s age. METHODS: The system incorporated a stepwise multiple regression analysis (SMRA) model to predict the number of examination images and then used the K-Means clustering with a decision tree classification model to classify the patient’s examination time within an appropriate time interval. RESULTS: The constructed prototype creates a feasible patient appointment schedule by classifying patient examination times into different categories for different patients according to the four types of body parts, eight hospital departments, and 10 radiological technologists. CONCLUSION: The proposed patient appointment scheduling system can schedule appointment times for different types of patients according to the type of visit, thereby addressing the challenges associated with diversity and uncertainty in radiological examination services. It can also improve the quality of medical treatment.
Development of a new immersive virtual reality (VR) headset-based dexterity training for patients with multiple sclerosis: Clinical and technical aspects
Authors: Kamm Christian P. , Kueng Roger , Blättler Remo
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: Impaired manual dexterity is frequent and disabling in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting activities of daily living and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To develop a new immersive virtual-reality (VR) headset-based dexterity training to improve impaired manual dexterity in persons with MS (pwMS) while being feasible and usable in a home-based setting. METHODS: The training intervention was tailored to the specific group of pwMS by implementing a simple and intuitive application with regard to hardware and software. To be efficacious, the training intervention covers the main functions of the hands and arm relevant for use in everyday life. RESULTS: Taking clinical, feasibility, usability as well as technical aspects with regard to hardware and software into account, six different training exercises using hand tracking technology were developed on the Meta quest 2 using Unity. CONCLUSION: We report the developmental process of a new immersive virtual VR headset-based dexterity training for pwMS implementing clinical and technical aspects. Good feasibility, usability, and patient satisfaction was already shown in a feasibility study qualifying this training intervention for further efficacy trials.
Design of compound data acquisition gateway based on 5G network
Authors: Hu Jufen , Lorenzini Giulio
Published: August 2023

With the wide application of industrial Internet of Things, the increasing amount of data and the complexity of data types, higher requirements are put forward for the performance of data acquisition gateway. In order to reduce the data acquisition time of the gateway and improve the data retrieval coverage of the gateway, a novel design method of composite data acquisition gateway based on 5G network is proposed. Based on the analysis of related technologies, the functional requirements of the composite data acquisition gateway are summarized, and the overall design of the gateway is completed. On this basis, the gateway hardware environment is constructed by designing the main control module, 5G module and FPGA program, and then the software program is designed by designing the data acquisition driver, 5G module driver, embedded software and protocol conversion process. The experimental results show that the data retrieval coverage of the gateway designed by this method is always above 92%, which is 6% higher than that of method 1. This shows that the method significantly improves the coverage of data search, speeds up the efficiency of data collection, and improves the performance of the data collection gateway, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the method and is conducive to promoting the intelligent development of the data collection gateway technology.
Cushing’s Syndrome (CS) in Children: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Ashraf Sana , Parveen Shakeela , Ashraf Saba , Batool Uzma , Sultana Mehwish , Ishaque Urwah , Shafqat Zainab , Shabbir Saman , Riaz Zainab , Faiz Zunaira
Published: August 2023

A rare condition known as Cushing’s Disease (CD) causes increased morbidity or mortality. It is an endocrine illness that presents differently from other endocrine disorders, making it difficult for doctors to control. Hence, early detection and treatment are essential. Significant fetal and mental complications during pregnancy are linked to Cushing’s Syndrome (CS). Except in the late trimester, surgery is its preferred method of treatment during pregnancy, with medication therapy as a backup. Therapeutic methods such as anti-cortisol medication, bilateral adrenalectomy, or radiation procedures may, therefore, be required to prevent long-term dangers of hypercortisolism, such as hirsutism, moon face, facial plethora, and obesity. Endogenous hypercortisolism increases the risk of cardiovascular metabolic symptoms, osteoporosis, respiratory diseases, psychological difficulties, and infections, while also inducing a high rate of morbidity or mortality.