bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Am Aggregation on the Bulk Properties of Mixed Oxides (U, Am)O2 from First Principles
Authors: Liu Tao , Yang Ziyi , Yu Xiaoyan , Gao Tao
Published: November 2024

We present a first-principles density functional theory with the Coulomb interaction U (DFT + U) investigation of the bulk properties, including structural, energetic, electronic, and mechanical properties for uranium–americium mixed oxides (U, Am)O2. The various Am aggregation contents were investigated to better understand the impact of Am on the nuclear fuel UO2. The supercell defect models at different scales were used to describe the solid solution (U, Am)O2. The obtained results show that different contents of Am aggregation have a significant impact on the volume and energy of the formation of mixed oxide systems. The results of the electronic structure calculations exhibit no bandgap owing to the mixing of UO2 and AmO2. The mixing enthalpy of the Am aggregation systems is used to describe the phase stability of the solid solution. In particular, the mixing enthalpy of (U, Am)O2 is significantly reduced as the Am content increases. The elastic properties of the (U, Am)O2 mixed oxides have also been compared as a function of the Am content. Moreover, the impacts of the whole Pu aggregation content range on the bulk properties for the (U, Pu)O2 mixed oxides are also discussed.
Development and Applications of Somatic Embryogenesis in Grapevine (Vitis spp.)
Authors: Carra Angela , Wijerathna-Yapa Akila , Pathirana Ranjith , Carimi Francesco
Published: November 2024

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) provides alternative methodologies for the propagation of grapevine (Vitis spp.) cultivars, conservation of their germplasm resources, and crop improvement. In this review, the current state of knowledge regarding grapevine SE as applied to these technologies is presented, with a focus on the benefits, challenges, and limitations of this method. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the different steps involved in the grapevine SE process, including callus induction, maintenance of embryogenic cultures, and the production of plantlets. Additionally, the review explores the development of high-health plant material through SE; the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying SE, including the regulation of gene expression, hormone signaling pathways, and metabolic pathways; as well as its use in crop improvement programs. The review concludes by highlighting the future directions for grapevine SE research, including the development of new and improved protocols, the integration of SE with other plant tissue culture techniques, and the application of SE for the production of elite grapevine cultivars, for the conservation of endangered grapevine species as well as for cultivars with unique traits that are valuable for breeding programs.
The Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Above- and Belowground Phytochemical Diversity of the Wetland Grass, Phragmites australis
Authors: Glassmire Andrea E. , Salgado Ana L. , Diaz Rodrigo , Johnston Joseph , Meyerson Laura A. , Snook Joshua S. , Cronin James T.
Published: November 2024

Coastal wetlands face threats from climate change-induced flooding and biological invasions. Plants respond to these stressors through changes in their phytochemical metabolome, but it is unclear whether stressors affecting one tissue compartment (e.g., leaves) create vulnerabilities in others (e.g., roots) or elicit similar responses across tissues. Additionally, responses to multiple simultaneous stressors remain poorly understood due to the focus on individual metabolites in past studies. This study aims to elucidate how the phytochemical metabolome of three Phragmites australis (Cav.) lineages, common in the Mississippi River Delta, responds to flooding and infestation by the non-native scale insect Nipponaclerda biwakoensis (Kuwana). Among these lineages, one is non-native and poses a threat to North American wetlands. Results indicate that metabolomic responses are highly specific, varying with lineage, tissue type, stressor type, and the presence of multiple stressors. Notably, the non-native lineage displayed high chemical evenness, while the other two showed stressor-dependent responses. The 10 most informative features identified by a machine learning model showed less than 1% overlap with known metabolites linked to water and herbivory stress, underscoring gaps in our understanding of plant responses to environmental stressors. Our metabolomic approach offers a valuable tool for identifying candidate plant genotypes for wetland restoration.
Role of Neurotransmitters (Biomediators) in Plant Responses to Stress
Authors: Dehghanian Zahra , Ahmadabadi Mohammad , Asgari Lajayer Behnam , Bagheri Nazila , Chamani Masoud , Gougerdchi Vahideh , Hamedpour-Darabi Mohsen , Shu Weixi , Price G. W. , Dell Bernard
Published: November 2024

Plants possess a complex signaling system that enables them to sense and adapt to various environmental stressors, including abiotic factors like extreme temperatures, drought, salinity, and toxic heavy metals. While the roles of hormones and signaling molecules in plant stress responses are well established, the involvement of neurotransmitters—traditionally linked to animal nervous systems—in plant stress physiology is a relatively underexplored area. Recent findings indicate that neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, serotonin, and dopamine play crucial roles in several physiological processes within plants. They regulate ion channels, adjust stomatal movements, modulate the production of reactive oxygen species, and influence gene expression. Evidence suggests that these neurotransmitters enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms and regulate stress-responsive pathways vital for plant stress tolerance. Additionally, under stressful conditions, neurotransmitters have been shown to impact plant growth, development, and reproductive activities. This review aims to illuminate the emerging understanding of neurotransmitters as key biomediators in plant responses to abiotic stress.
Chokeberry Products and By-Products as the Potential Pharmaceuticals for Kidney Protection—An Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Milutinović Milica , Ćujić Nikolić Nada , Cvetković Tatjana , Šavikin Katarina , Djordjević Ivana , Janković Veličković Ljubinka , Randjelović Milica , Miladinović Bojana , Branković Suzana , Kitić Dušanka
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of chokeberry fruit products and by-products against cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. Potential mechanisms involving oxidative stress and inflammatory responses were examined through biochemical and histopathological analyses of kidney tissue. Chokeberry waste, along with the whole fruit extract and juice, was evaluated as a potential raw material for pharmaceutical use. The chemical composition of chokeberry juice and extracts was analyzed using spectrophotometry and HPLC. Rats were treated with chokeberry preparations via intragastric tube for ten days, with a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin (8 mg/kg BW) administered on the third day. Post-sacrifice, plasma samples were analyzed for biochemical nephrotoxicity markers, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. Kidneys were removed for histopathological and biochemical analysis. Cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity was confirmed by elevated plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Additionally, lipid peroxidation was significantly elevated, while reduced glutathione and catalase activity were significantly reduced. Pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly increased in the cisplatin group. Treatment with chokeberry extracts and juice significantly mitigated these nephrotoxic effects, as confirmed by histopathological examination and biochemical marker analysis. Notably, the waste extract demonstrated greater efficacy than the whole fruit extract, likely due to its higher concentration of polyphenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. These results highlight the potential of chokeberry as a therapeutic and preventive agent for kidney protection, emphasizing the value of by-products rich in biologically active compounds.
Effects of a Novel Tripyrasulfone Herbicide on Key Soil Enzyme Activities in Paddy Rice Soil
Authors: Sun Penglei , Sun He , Yu Shuo , Lian Lei , Jin Tao , Peng Xuegang , Li Xiangju , Liu Weitang , Wang Hengzhi
Published: November 2024

Weeds significantly impact paddy yields, and herbicides offer a cost-effective, rapid, and efficient solution compared to manual weeding, ensuring agricultural productivity. Tripyrasulfone, a novel 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor developed by Qingdao Kingagroot Chemicals Co., Ltd., has demonstrated high efficacy when applied post-emergence, causing characteristic foliar bleaching in susceptible weed species, distinct from conventional acetolactate synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and synthetic auxin herbicides. This study investigates the impact of tripyrasulfone on the activity of key soil enzymes (urease (UE), acid phosphatase (ACP), sucrase (SC), catalase (CAT), and dehydrogenase (DHA)) in paddy soils from Jilin Province and Shandong Province. Different doses of tripyrasulfone (0.1, 1.0, and 2.5 mg kg−1) were applied, and the enzymatic activities were measured. Results indicated that tripyrasulfone initially inhibited UE and ACP activities before activating them. On the 20th day after treatment, UE activity had returned to control levels, whereas ACP activity remained significantly higher, showing long-lasting activation. SC and CAT activities were inhibited but gradually recovered to control levels. Furthermore, DHA activity was activated with a sustained effect, remaining significantly higher than the control group even 20 days after treatment. Overall, the impact of tripyrasulfone on soil enzyme activities diminished over time, suggesting that tripyrasulfone posed minimal long-term ecological risk to soil health.
Microplastics in Animals: The Silent Invasion
Authors: Bhowmik Awnon , Saha Goutam , Saha Suvash C.
Published: November 2024

Microplastics, defined as plastic particles less than 5 mm in size, have become a pervasive environmental contaminant detected across a wide range of ecosystems. While the presence of microplastics in marine life and humans has been extensively documented, there remains a significant gap in understanding their full health impacts. Moreover, the effects of microplastics on animals, particularly those in close proximity to human activities, remain underexplored, representing a key area for future research. In this study, we found high levels of microplastic accumulation in animal tissues, particularly in the lungs, intestines, and reproductive organs. Our results also indicate that ingestion of microplastics occurs through multiple environmental sources, including contaminated food, water, and air, reflecting their widespread distribution. Evidence of microplastics crossing biological barriers and accumulating in critical organ systems suggests potential long-term health risks for animals that may also have implications for humans through environmental and food-chain exposure. Given the interconnectedness of ecosystems and the potential for these contaminants to enter the food chain, the presence of microplastics in animals raises serious concerns for broader ecological and human health. The findings underscore the urgent need for further research to clarify the long-term effects and to develop effective strategies for mitigating this emerging global threat.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Thermal Expansion of Al6063-SiC-Graphite, Molybdenum Disulfide Hybrid Composite
Authors: Chattrakul Kawita , Sornsuwit Nuttaphong , Muangnoy Phisith
Published: November 2024

The effect of casting and T6 heat treatment at 540 °C for 3 h, quenching in water, heating to 180 °C for 4 h and cooling at room temperature on the mechanical properties and thermal expansion of Al6063 with reinforcement of 10 wt.% SiC/1 wt.% Y2O3/3 wt.% Graphite, 3 wt.% MoS2 was studied, comparing the properties of the material before and after treatment. The results of the tensile test found that the ultimate tensile stress (UTS) increased without reinforcement applied but decreased the elongation at breaking point (%El). This contrasts with the reinforcement applied group, which showed an increase in the UTS and %EL by 4.1% and 32.5% in Gr, 10.5% and 44.9% in MoS2, respectively. Meanwhile, the UTS and %EL increased by 23.5% and 26.98% in Gr, 22.7% and 15.0% in MoS2, respectively, after the T6. Cracking analysis in the treatment without the addition of reinforcement showed ductile and brittle fracture after casting, similar to the effects of being treated by T6, which was characterized by brittle fracture. This was contrary to the reinforcement-added treatment, which was characterized by ductile fracture before and after treatment. The thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) after treatment without reinforcement applied was reduced, while no significant difference was seen with reinforcement applied.
The Effect of Ellipsoidal Particle Surface Roughness on Drag and Heat Transfer Coefficients Using Particle-Resolved Direct Numerical Simulation
Authors: Luo Heng , Zhang Fengbin , Huang Haibo , Huang Yong , Liu Zhendong , Yan Jianxi , Yang Chicheng
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to estimate the effect of roughness layer thickness on the heat transfer and drag coefficients of ellipsoidal particles. Using an OpenFOAM-based particle-resolved direct numerical simulation (PR-DNS) method, we calculated the drag coefficient and Nusselt number for an isolated axisymmetric nonspherical particle with a rough surface in a uniform flow. The PR-DNS results indicate that the drag coefficient varies linearly with the effective roughness Sef at different angles, which can be expressed as CD=kSef−1+CD0. The changes in k are consistent with the Happel and Brenner equation. Furthermore, the influence of roughness on the heat transfer efficiency factor can be represented by Ef=Sef−65. The models for the drag coefficient and Nusselt number are valid within the ranges 1.25≤Ar≤2.5,1≤Sef≤2, and 10≤Rep≤200, thereby extending the applicability of the equations developed for smooth particles. These newly developed correlations for the drag coefficient and Nusselt number can be utilized for non-isothermal flows of particle mixtures containing materials with various rough-surfaced ellipsoids.
Integrated Hybrid Modelling and Surrogate Model-Based Operation Optimization of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process
Authors: Li Haoran , Zhao Qiming , Wang Ruqiang , Xu Wenle , Qiu Tong
Published: November 2024

Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes in oil refineries, widely used to convert high-boiling, high-molecular-weight hydrocarbon components from crude oil into more valuable products like gasoline and diesel. Advanced simulation and optimization technologies are critical for improving the operational efficiency and economic performance of the FCC process. First-principles-based simulators rely on parameter estimation and are computationally intensive, making them unsuitable for online optimization. In recent years, with the development of deep learning, data-driven models have made significant progress in FCC modeling. However, due to their black-box nature and difficulty with extrapolation, they are rarely used for optimization. To bridge this gap, we propose an integrated framework that combines hybrid modeling and surrogate model-based optimization. This approach combines plant and simulation data to train a multi-task learning prediction model, which then serves as a surrogate for operational optimization. Validated on a large-scale FCC unit in southern China, the model predicts product yields with an error margin of under 4.84% for all products. Following optimization, yields of LNG, gasoline, and diesel rose by an average of 0.10 wt%, 1.58 wt%, and 1.05 wt%, respectively, resulting in a 3.67% increase in product revenues. This highlights the substantial potential of this framework for industrial applications.
Old and New Approaches in Rock Art: Using Animal Motifs to Identify Palaeohabitats
Authors: Korpershoek Mirte , Reynolds Sally C. , Budka Marcin , Riris Philip
Published: November 2024

Humans are well known to have made paintings and engravings on rock surfaces, both geometric motifs with an unclear representation, and representative motifs that refer to their activities and aspects of their environment. This kind of art is widespread across time and space and has throughout history been subjected to various kinds of approaches. Typically, rock art research focuses on its role in the development of the hominin brain and the capability of abstract thinking, as well as on interpreting representative and non-representative motifs. Ethnography and cognitive research have often stressed that rock art is the result of ritual practises and the expression of a shamanic belief system. However, representative motifs may also shed light on a region’s ecological and human prehistory. Here, we give an overview of the general development of rock art study: we highlight the development of artistic behaviour in humans by discussing aesthetic preferences, and the creation of simple geometric motifs and eventually representative motifs, before describing the theories that developed from the earliest study of rock art. These have largely focused on classification and interpretation of the motifs, and often centred on Palaeolithic material from Europe. We then move on to discuss how ethnography among rock art creating communities often suggests important relationships between specific animals in both the realms of spiritual belief systems and within the local environment. Lastly, we highlight how rock art reflects the local penecontemporaneous environment when it comes to depictions of animals, plants, technologies, humans and their activities. We argue that animal depictions are a useful subject to study on a large scale, as it is the most widespread representative motif, and the most appropriate subject to study when the goal is to draw conclusions on environmental changes. Rock art can fill gaps in the local archaeological record and generate new questions of it, but also offer new insights into the history of local human–animal interaction: animal species depicted and/or referred to in rock art are likely to have been a selection of spiritually important animals and a comparison to known information on human interactions with local species may reveal patterns among which animals are selected for local rock art depictions and which are not. Interregional comparison can in turn shed light on whether humans in general tend to ascribe meaning to the same types of animals. We end the review with suggestions for future study, with a special role for computational methods, which are suitable for the analysis of large databases of visual imagery.
Unexplained Giant Genital Enlargement: Is It Due to Inverse Psoriasis?
Authors: Natale Francesco , Cimmino Giovanni
Published: November 2024

A healthy 54-year-old man previously presented to vascular surgeons with a 4-year history of swelling of the penis and scrotum was scheduled for ultrasound evaluation in the angiology office in our department. At presentation, there was a giant enlargement of the penis and scrotum, without swelling of the legs. Ultrasound evaluation was negative for vascular abnormalities. A diagnosis of chronic lymphatic disease was suspected; thus, a lymphoscintigraphy was performed. This test was normal showing, a good visualization of major lymphatics. The patients had a history of psoriasis with a documented previous event of flexural psoriasis involving his genitals with secondary infection 4 years before. Since that infection, his genitals progressively increased in size, and despite medical treatment and different surgical evaluations, the patient’s symptoms have not resolved, with marked disability associated with walking and sexual activity.
Apple Pomace Integrated Biorefinery for Biofuels Production: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Sustainability Analysis
Authors: Rebolledo-Leiva Ricardo , Estévez Sofía , Hernández Diógenes , Feijoo Gumersindo , Moreira María Teresa , González-García Sara
Published: November 2024

The combination of techno-economic process modelling and life cycle assessment is an integrated methodology that addresses quantitative operational data, and evaluates the emissions associated with any process under development. In particular, the valorisation of waste streams within the context of the circular economy could be considered a valid and promising approach, especially regarding techno-economic and environmental indicators. This manuscript aims to evaluate the integral valorisation of apple pomace from the processing industry into bioethanol, and vinasses (a byproduct of the distillation process) into biogas and digestate as biofertiliser. In addition to biogas production, lagooning and composting were considered as strategies for vinasse management. After the conceptual design of the process options was completed, the environmental profile of bioethanol production was estimated across different scenarios. When biogas production was integrated to reduce the biorefinery’s energy demand, the carbon footprint was 1.13 kg CO2eq∙kg−1. This footprint increased to values around four when lagooning and composting were used as vinasse management strategies. Although the economic dimension posed a significant limitation due to high investment costs, the eco-efficiency analysis showed that the scenario of the co-production of bioethanol and biogas is the best alternative. Despite the promising results, further research is needed to explore the recovery of additional co-products to develop a high-potential strategy for apple pomace.
Multiobjective Optimisation of Flotation Variables Using Controlled-NSGA-II and Paretosearch
Authors: Amankwaa-Kyeremeh Bismark , McCamley Conor , Ehrig Kathy , Asamoah Richmond K.
Published: November 2024

Finding the optimum operating points for the maximisation of flotation recovery and concentrate grade can be a very difficult task, owing to the inverse relationship that exists between these two key performance indicators. For this reason, techniques that can accurately find the trade-off are critical for flotation process optimisation. This work extracted well-assessed Gaussian process predictive functions as objective functions for a comparative multiobjective optimisation study using the paretosearch algorithm (PA) and the controlled elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (controlled-NSGA-II). The main aim was the concomitant maximisation of the copper recovery and the concentrate grade. Comparison of the two applied techniques revealed that the PA discovered the best set of the pareto-optimal solution for both the recovery (93.4%) and concentrate-grade (17.4 wt.%) maximisation.
Web-Enhanced Vision Transformers and Deep Learning for Accurate Event-Centric Management Categorization in Education Institutions
Authors: Albarrak Khalied M. , Sorour Shaymaa E.
Published: November 2024

In the digital era, social media has become a cornerstone for educational institutions, driving public engagement and enhancing institutional communication. This study utilizes AI-driven image processing and Web-enhanced Deep Learning (DL) techniques to investigate the effectiveness of King Faisal University’s (KFU’s) social media strategy as a case study, particularly on Twitter. By categorizing images into five primary event management categories and subcategories, this research provides a robust framework for assessing the social media content generated by KFU’s administrative units. Seven advanced models were developed, including an innovative integration of Vision Transformers (ViTs) with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, VGG16, and ResNet. The AI-driven ViT-CNN hybrid model achieved perfect classification accuracy (100%), while the “Development and Partnerships” category demonstrated notable accuracy (98.8%), underscoring the model’s unparalleled efficacy in strategic content classification. This study offers actionable insights for the optimization of AI-driven digital communication strategies and Web-enhanced data collection processes, aligning them with national development goals and Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, thereby showcasing the transformative power of DL in event-centric management and the broader higher education landscape.
Deep Learning-Based Freight Recommendation System for Freight Brokerage Platform
Authors: Kim Yeon-Soo , Chang Tai-Woo
Published: November 2024

Platform-based businesses in the logistics market are evolving under the influence of digital transformation. Transforming the freight market into an environment where various types of freight can be traded across multiple markets and locations. Freight brokerage platforms have revolutionized the trading relationship between freight owners and vehicle owners. However, this type of system has also introduced inefficiencies, such as unestablished contracts, leading to unnecessary costs and delays. To address this issue, a freight recommendation system can assist users in finding what they are looking for while aiming to reduce failed contracts. With current advances in deep learning, complex patterns based on users’ past behaviors and preferences can be learned, enabling more accurate and personalized recommendations. This study proposes a deep learning-based freight recommendation system to provide personalized services and reduce failed contracts on freight brokerage platforms. The system is built by creating a freight transaction dataset, classifying freight categories through natural language processing and text mining techniques, and incorporating externally derived data on transportation distances. The deep learning model is trained using Autoencoder, Word2Vec, and Graph Neural Networks (GNN), with recommendation logic implemented to suggest suitable freight matches for vehicle owners. This system is expected to increase the market efficiency of the freight logistics industry and is a key step toward improving the long-term profit structure.
Geoenvironmental and Health Indices to Assess the Hazardousness of Heavy Metals in Urban Dust in Schoolyards in Murcia, Spain
Authors: Delgado-Iniesta María José , Marín-Sanleandro Pura , Canca Pedraza María del Carmen , Díaz-Pereira Elvira , Sánchez-Navarro Antonio
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible contamination of urban dust in the schoolyards of 27 schools in an urban area of the city of Murcia (SE Spain). The color and degree of magnetism, as well as the heavy metal content (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn), were determined to establish the absence or the degree of contamination, if present, using environmental and health indices. It was established that the concentrations of heavy metals in the dust samples followed the order Zn (454 mg kg−1) > Cu (77 mg kg−1) > Cr (68 mg kg−1) > Pb (56 mg kg−1) > Ni (19 mg kg−1) > Cd (0.4 mg kg−1). Dark-colored dust showed the highest concentrations of contaminants associated with medium or high magnetism. An analysis of the magnetic and non-magnetic fractions indicated the highest concentrations of all heavy metals in the magnetic fraction. According to the geoenvironmental indices used, the ecological risk in these schoolyards is moderate overall. Based on the health indices, ingestion is the main route of entry of dust particles into the body, which poses the main health risk for adults and children for all heavy metals. Regarding the hazard index (HI) for all elements and the cancer risk (CR) for children and adults, the results indicate that there is no health risk.
Effect of S-Allyl-L-Cysteine on Nitric Oxide and Cadmium Processes in Rice (Oryza sativa L. sp. Zhongzao35) Seedlings
Authors: Huo Xingyu , Wang Changrong , Huang Yongchun , Kong Weiyong , Wang Xiaoli
Published: November 2024

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in regulating plant processes to cope with abiotic stress. S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) is known to induce NO synthesis in animals. However, it is unknown whether SAC can trigger NO biosynthesis, regulate Cd transport, or alleviate Cd stress in plants. After being sprayed with 0.2 mM SAC, rice seedlings had a NO content that was 1.8 times higher than that of the control (ctrl) group at the ninth hour, which then gradually decreased. The expressions of Cd uptake and transport genes in the roots (including OsNRAMP5, OsNRAMP1, and OsHMA2) were markedly downregulated by 27.2%, 24.8%, and 49.1%, respectively, 72 h after SAC spraying treatment. The Cd content in seedling roots’ cell wall (CW) components significantly increased by 43.5% compared to that of the ctrl group. The Cd content in the shoots and roots decreased by 49.0% and 29.8%, respectively. Cd stress in the seedlings was also substantially alleviated. In conclusion, spraying rice seedlings with SAC triggered an increase in NO synthesis, regulated the expression of genes related to Cd transport, increased Cd fixation in the root CW components, and reduced Cd accumulation in the roots and shoots.
Polymorphisms in the ACE I/D (rs4646994) and ACE2 G8790A (rs2285666) in Young Children Living in the Amazon Region and SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Pimenta Yan Cardoso , Bonfim Flávia Freitas de Oliveira , Figueiredo Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Pedroso Bruno Loreto de Aragão , Silva Mauro França , Olivares Alberto Ignacio Olivares , Delgado Isabella Fernandes , Leite José Paulo Gagliardi , Moraes Marcia Terezinha Baroni de
Published: November 2024

COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to cause significant mortality and morbidity. ACE2 is a key regulator of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Differences in COVID-19 severity are thought to be due to the imbalance of RAAS/ACE mutations. This retrospective study evaluated the detection and genetic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in 202 children ≤3 years of age living in the Amazon region in 2021. The angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE I/D (rs4646994) and ACE2 G8790A (rs2285666) polymorphisms were detected by SYBR GREEN real-time PCR and PCR-RFLP/Alul digestion, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 detection was performed by RT-qPCR in feces and saliva samples collected simultaneously from the same children presenting acute gastroenteritis (AGE) or acute respiratory infection (ARI). The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 detected by qRT-PCR in children was low (5.9%, 12/202), although higher in the group of children with AGE (8.9%, 9/101) than with ARI (2.9%, 3/101). Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection was not verified due to the low frequency. Homozygous II (rs4646994) children were the majority (87.1%, 176/202). Boys with genotype A (rs2285666) were more susceptible to ARI and pneumonia symptoms than AGE (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.4–10.3, p 0.007). Boys with genotype G (rs4646994) or the combination II + G were more susceptible to acquiring AGE. Surveillance, along with understanding their causes, is crucial to controlling ARI and COVID-19 in children living in low-income countries.
Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės bajorų teismų reforma Ketverių metų Seime
Authors: Stankevič Adam
Published: November 2024

The article sets out to discuss the reform of the courts of the nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania carried out by the Four-Year Sejm (1788–1792). The author makes use of the instructions issued to the delegates to the Four-Year Sejm, as well as the laws passed by the Sejm itself, to present castle, land and border courts, as well as the Lithuanian Tribunal and their reorganisation, as a result of which new institutions operating on a more modern basis were established. Although the Polish nobility envisaged a centralised and unified state, a common legal code for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (drawn up by the Constitution of 3 May 1791), and institutions operating on an equal footing, the representatives from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania often secured separate laws (in the case of the delineation commission and the Lithuanian Tribunal), or at least supplementary laws (in the case of the landowners’ law court). For this reason, some differences remained in the organisation and operation of the courts of the two constituent states of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. As a result of the reforms, important changes took place in the organisation of land courts and the regulation of the activity of judges: the composition of the courts was changed, a new procedure for electing judges was introduced (the introduction of the general election of judges and their terms of office), and the competence of the courts and the regulation of the activities of the courts and their offices were defined in greater detail. On the other hand, the judiciary still remained estate-dependent; there was no separation between administrative and judicial functions, the issue of the professionalism of the judges was not raised, and the organisation and operating principles of the judiciary differed significantly, even within a single estate (judicial systems operating on a unified basis did not yet exist). The laws passed by the Four-Year Sejm sought to define in some detail the structure of the courts and the duties of the judges and other officials (in this respect, referring to the ideas of the Enlightenment to create the most comprehensive and clear law possible), but important organisational issues, such as the courts’ location, their maintenance, and judges’ salaries, were not fully resolved.
Stolica Apostolska a Kodeks Zamoyskiego – Refleksje Nuncjusza Archettiego na marginesie sporu o reformę Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1778–1780
Authors: Zając OMI Paweł
Published: November 2024

Projekt Zbioru praw sądowych Andrzeja Zamoyskiego był najważniejszym przejawem reformatorskich dążeń dworu królewskiego przed Sejmem Czteroletnim. Po pierwszych negatywnych reakcjach szlachty, wyrażonych na sejmie 1778 roku, został definitywnie odrzucony na sejmie w roku 1780. W historiografii XIX i XX wieku szczegółowo przeanalizowano znaczenie reform proponowanych przez Zamoyskiego oraz przyczyny odrzucenia Kodeksu, w tym udział nuncjusza apostolskiego w mobilizowaniu opozycji. Giovanni Andrea Archetti zdobył wykształcenie prawnicze pod koniec pontyfikatu Benedykta XIV, miał też wiedzę, a nawet osobiste doświadczenie w kwestii reform państwowo-kościelnych ówczesnej Europy. Jego akcja przeciwko Kodeksowi zbiegła się w czasie z odwołaniem swych tez przez biskupa
Nicolasa von Hontheima, znanego pod pseudonimem Justinius Febronius. Było to dodatkową motywacją w opozycji przeciwko innowacjom zapisanym w projekcie Zbioru praw sądowych.
Apie ką kalbėjo Konstitucijos šventės? „Švelniosios revoliucijos“ epochos iškilmės ir jų dekoracijos
Authors: balaišytė Lina
Published: November 2024

The 3 May 1791 Constitution, adopted by the Sejm of the Commonwealth of Both Nations, was welcomed by a significant part of society, therefore the year of the ‘soft revolution’ passed in an atmosphere of elation and patriotism. However, there was some opposition within the country and the geopolitical situation was unfavourable to the Republic, so it was very important for the King and the reformist camp to demonstrate unity and secure the widest possible support for their programme. Celebrations were used as one of their means of action. The article discusses the visual occasional works for the celebrations of the adoption of the Constitution. The aim is to analyse what values were actualized and what images were created in the epoch of the ‚gentle revolution‘. The study is based on the descriptions of festivals published in the periodical press and in occasional works. The importance of the text used in the decorations of such festivals was highlighted: various inscriptions amplified the imagery and at the same time served as a foundation for these images. In addition, the text in the descriptions of those festivals had a double power: in addition to the text used in the decorations, there was also the text of the person describing the festivities, in which they gave a verbal interpretation of the image.
Ehl-i Sünnet ve Mu’tezile Kelamı Açısından Emir ve İrade İlişkisinin Neliği Tartışması
Authors: Bal Samet Yahya
Published: November 2024

Ehl-i sünnet ve Mu’tezile arasında tartışmalı pek çok mesele olduğu bilinmektedir. Bunlardan biri de irade ve emir arasındaki ilişkinin nasıl olması gerektiğidir. Mu’tezili kelam bilginleri irade ve emrin farklı anlamlarda ve yönde olması durumunun imkânsızlığını savunmaktadır. Allah’ın emir ve yasakları hususunda emir ve iradesinin aynı doğrultuda tecelli ettiğini iddia ederler. Ehl-i sünnet kelam bilginleri ise irade ve emrin mutlak olarak aynı yönde ve anlamda olmadığını iddia etmektedirler. Allah’ın iman etmeyeceğini bildiği kullar bağlamında tezahür eden iradesinin emirden farklı olduğunu savunurlar. Onlara göre Allah’ın özellikle imtihan gereği olarak emrettiği her şeyi irade etmesi ve bu olayın kul istesin ya da istemesin zorunlu olarak gerçekleşmesi ilahi hikmet açısından mümkün değildir. Ehl-i sünnet ve Mu’tezile bilginlerinin bu farklı yorumlarının altında ilahi sıfatları ve özellikle de irade sıfatını nasıl yorumladıkları ve onu zattan ayrı bir sıfat olarak görüp görmedikleri yatmaktadır. Buna göre farklı şekillerde tanımlanan irade kavramı üzerinden kelam bilginleri iradenin emirle olan ilişkisine farklı açılardan yaklaşarak birtakım yargılara varmışlardır.
4./10. Asır Hadis Metinlerinde “İsnad Hazfi” Üzerine Değerlendirmeler
Authors: Sağlam İbrahim
Published: November 2024

Hadisin iki temel unsuru vardır: isnad ve metin. İsnadın hicrî üçüncü asırdan itibaren, hadisin ayrılmaz parçası haline geldiği ifade edilmektedir. Ancak bu durum isnadın mükemmel haliyle kullanıldığı anlamına gelmemektedir. 4./10. asırda hacimli kitapların kullanımında bazı zorluklar yaşandığı, muhtasar türü çalışmalara ağırlık verildiği ve hacimli eserlerin isnadları hazf edilerek tekrar yazıldığı ifade edilmektedir. Söz konusu dönemde hadis edebiyatına “isnad hazfi” kavramının dâhil olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Fakat isnad hazfinin görüldüğü ilk örnekler konusunda farklı değerlendirmeler bulunmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada; isnad hazfinin ne olduğu, tarihi gelişimi, görüldüğü ilk örnekler, isnad hazfinin gerekçesi ve hadisin sahîh oluşuna tesiri gibi konular, hadis ilminin verileri doğrultusunda ve tümevarım yöntemi kullanılarak irdelenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda, hicrî dördüncü asırda muhtasar eser yazma geleneğinin başlaması sonrası “isnad hazfi” kavramının hadis edebiyatına dâhil olduğu, cemʿ türü eserlerin buna öncülük ettiği, hadisin sıhhati ile ilgili ölçünün isnaddan yavaş yavaş eser ve müellife doğru kaydığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Uso de aplicativos para tratar feridas em crianças
Authors: Bellin Camila Souza , Amaducci Geovanna Peres , Polli Julia Roque , Boaro Leticia , Isoldi Felipe Contoli , Blanes Leila , Nicodemo Denise
Published: November 2024

O artigo "O Uso de Aplicativos para Tratar Feridas em Crianças" trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que aborda o desafio significativo que as feridas representam na saúde infantil, frequentemente associadas a condições crônicas, agudas ou congênitas. A prevalência dessas feridas varia conforme idade, ambiente socioeconômico, acesso a cuidados médicos e região geográfica, impactando negativamente a qualidade de vida e sobrecarregando o sistema de saúde. As feridas mais comuns incluem lesões por pressão, lesões por extravasamento, dermatite de incontinência, queimaduras e feridas operatórias. O cuidado eficaz requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar e suporte tecnológico, como aplicativos móveis que auxiliam no registro, monitoramento e fornecimento de orientações baseadas em evidências e há uma tendencia global e brasileira entres os profissionais de saúde a buscarem o recurso tecnológico no formato de aplicativo para auxiliar no tratamento desta molestia. Exemplos desses aplicativos são "Pediatric Dermatology" e "Convatech Wound", disponíveis para Android.
Elektromanyetik Dalgalardan Enerji Hasat Etme Tekniğine Dayali İki Cihaza Sahip Çift Yönlü Simbiyotik Ağ İçin Kaynak Tahsisi
Authors: Onay Muhammed Yusuf
Published: November 2024

Altıncı nesil (6G) teknolojisine yön verme potansiyeline sahip nesnelerin interneti (IoT) ağlarının en önemli sorunu cihazların pil ömrüdür. Gelecek nesil haberleşme sistemlerinde kullanılabilecek milyarlarca IoT cihazının pillerini sık sık değiştirmek veya şarj etmek, hem maliyetli hem de zahmetli olduğundan uygulama açısından pratik değildir. Ayrıca bu durum, yüksek bit hızında düşük enerji ve düşük gecikme süresine sahip haberleşme protokolü kurma hedefinden de çok uzaktır. Bu makalede, mevcut sorunun üstesinden gelmek ve bit hızını artırmak için elektromanyetik dalgalardan enerji hasat etme tekniğine dayalı iki kablosuz cihaza sahip çift yönlü simbiyotik bir ağ önerilmiştir. Zaman ve güç açısından cihazlara kaynak tahsisinin yapıldığı bu çalışmada iki farklı senaryo düşünülmüştür. İşbirliksiz senaryoda kablosuz cihazlar kendi haberleşme hedefine ulaşmaya çalışırken, işbirlikli senaryoda ise cihazlar simbiyotik bir ilişki içinde bilgi aktarımını gerçekleştirmektedirler. Önerilen sistemde çift yönlü güç istasyonu (FDPS), iki antene sahip olup hem verici hem alıcı görevi görmektedir. Kablosuz cihazlar tipik sinyal iletimi yapma yeteneğine sahip olmanın yanında, anten yük empedansının değiştirilip anten yansıma katsayısının ayarlanarak bit dizisini elektromanyetik dalga türü olan radyo frekans dalga formlarına eşleme yöntemiyle geri saçılım haberleşme de yapabilmektedir. Kablosuz cihazların hasat ettiği enerjinin miktarına göre çalışma durumlarının belirlendiği bu modelde, matematiksel analizler yapılmış ve her iki model için sistemin objektif fonksiyonu elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra güç ve zaman parametreleri üzerinden kaynak tahsisi yapılarak bit hızı maksimize edilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçlarında, farklı parametreler üzerinden sistem performansı test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, FDPS’nin sinyal gücünün düşük olması, uzak cihazın iletişimini ciddi manada etkilemektedir. Ayrıca sistemi çok yüksek frekanslarda kullanmak performansta bir miktar düşüşe sebep olmuştur. Son olarak, işbirlikli senaryonun işbirliksiz senaryoya göre sistem parametrelerinden daha az etkilendiği ve performans açısından daha üstün olduğu grafiksel sonuçlarda gösterilmiştir.
СЛУЧАЙ УСПЕШНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ КРИЗА ПРИ МИАСТЕНИИ У МОЛОДОГО ПАЦИЕНТА
Authors: Н.А. Жаркинбекова , А.М. Мамыров , Б.Б. Иргашева
Published: November 2024

Миастения является хроническим аутоиммунным заболеванием, которое характеризуется слабостью и патологической утомляемостью различных групп поперечно-полосатых мышц, возникающими в результате нарушения нервно-мышечной проводимости. Вместе с тем у больных миастенией в ряде случаев возможно развитие критических состояний, так называемых кризов, требующих проведения неотложных мероприятий, что нередко вызывает существенные затруднения у практикующих врачей. Такие нарушения влияют на течение болезни и уровень смертности [15]. Приведен анализ клинического случая больного со смешанным кризом (миастеническим и холинэргическим) при миастении, ведущим синдромом которого являлась дыхательная недостаточность. Описанный случай миастенического криза, интересен с позиций причин возникновения, клинического течения и эффективности использования алгоритма ведения криза, отраженного в клиническом протоколе №16 от 29.11.2016г.

Myasthenia is a chronic autoimmune disease, which determined by weakness and pathological tiredness of different groups of cross striated muscles causing neuromuscular conduction disorders. At the same time, critical conditions may arise in patients with myasthenia, requiring urgent measures, which maybe a cause of significant difficulties for physicians. Such disorders affecton the course of the disease and the mortalityrate [15]. Ananalysis of the clinical case of a patient with a mixed crisis (myasthenic and cholinergic) in myasthenia, the leading syndrome of which was respiratory failure is given. The described case of myasthenic crisisis interesting from the stand point of the causes, clinical course and effectiveness of the use of the crisis management algorithm, reflected in the clinical protocol No. 16 of November 29, 2016.

Миастения - жүйке бұлшық етінің өткізгіштігі бұзылған жағдайда туындайтын әр түрлі көлденең бұлшық ет жолақтарының потологиялық шаршауы мен әлсіздігін сипаттайтын созылмалы аутоиммунды ауру болып табылады. Сонымен қатар, миастениямен ауыратын науқаста кейде шұғыл әрекет етуді талап ететін күрделі жағдай болуы мүмкін, бұл дәрігерлердің жұмысында елеулі қиындықтар тудырады. Осындай бұзылымдар ағымы мен өлім деңгейіне де әсер етеді. Миастения кезінде науқастың бойындағы аралас кризді(миастениялық және холинэнергиялық) клиникалық жағдайын талдауда тыныс жеткіліксіздігі жетекші синдром болып табылады. Миастениялық криздің жоғарыда келтірілген жағдай бойынша, 2016 жылы 29 қарашадағы №16 клиникалық хаттамада көрсетілгендей, оның туындау себебін, клиникалық ағымын және кризді жүргізудің алгоритмді пайдалану тиімділігін зерттеу өте қызық.
A RARE CASE REPORT: POSTERIOR DISLOCATION OF SHOULDER
Authors: M. Findik , C. Kavalci , E. Kilicli , A. Kayipmaz , M. Muratoglu
Published: November 2024

Posterior dislocation of the shoulder is a rare. A 18-year-old woman admitted to our department with complaint an injury to her left shoulder. Plain anteroposterior radiography of shoulder showed a posterior dislocation of the left shoulder. Shoulder was reducted. Shoulder was immobilized for 4 weeks Posterior dislocations of the shoulder are uncommon. The keys to making the correct diagnosis involve maintaining a high index of suspicion.

Задний вывих плеча встречается редко. 18-летняя женщина поступила в наше отделение с жалобой на травму левого плеча. Обычная передне-задняя рентгенография плеча показала задний вывих левого плеча. Плечо было редуцировано. Проведена иммобилизация плеча в течение 4 недель. Поскольку задний вывих плеча является необычным типом вывиха плеча, ключевым вопросом к постановке правильного диагноза является высокий уровень предположений о его существовании, комплексное физикальное и радиографическое обследование с включением подмышечно-латеральной области.

Иықтың артқы шығып кетуі сирек кездеседі. 18-жастағы әйел адам біздің бөлімшеге сол жақ иығының зақымдануына шағымданумен түсті. Әдеттегі иықтың алдыңғы-артқы рентгенографиясы Иықтың артқы шығып кетуін көрсетті. Иық редуцирленді. Иыққа 4 апта бойы иммобилизация өткізілді. Өйткені иықтың артқы шығып кетуі иықтың шығып кетуінің ерекше түрі болып табылады, дұрыс диагноз қоюға негізгі сұрақ оның бар болуы туралы болжамдардың жоғары деңгейі болып табылады, қолтық асты – латералды аумақты енгізумен кешенді физикалық және радиографикалық тексеру.
НОВЫЙ СПОСОБ НАЛОЖЕНИЯ ФИКСИРУЮЩИХ ПОВЯЗОК НА КОЛЕННЫЙ И ЛОКТЕВОЙ СУСТАВЫ
Authors: С.Б. Имангазинов , Н.К. Андасбеков , М.Г. Канжигалин , А.А. Мурсалимов
Published: November 2024

В статье описан разработанный авторами новый способ наложения фиксирующей повязки на коленный и локтевой суставы. Преимуществами разработанного способа наложения повязок являются жесткая фиксация суставов и подлежащего перевязочного материала, удобство в ношении повязки для пациента и простота выполнения, не требующая определенных практических навыков.

The article describes a new method developed by the authors for applying a fixing bandage to the knee and elbow joints. The advantages of the developed method for applying a dressing are rigid fixation of the joints and the underlying dressing, convenience of putting on a bandage for a patient and ease of implementation, which does not require certain practical skills.

Маалада тзе мен шынта буындарын дке орамамен бектп тауды жаа тсл келтрлген. Тауды жаа тслн артышылытарына буындарды жне таыштарды бектлун берктг, ыайлылыы жне оны олданудаы еш бр дайындыты талап етпейтндг жатады.