bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validasi Status Hara Model Plus One Test pada Latosol dengan Indikator Jagung Manis
Authors: Nugroho Budi , Nadalia Desi , Hanifah Dewi
Published: May 2021

Model evaluasi status hara plus one test dilakukan untuk menetapkan hara yang menjadi faktor pembatas. Model ini perlu divalidasi baik secara statistik maupun agronomik yang dilihat dari pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman, agar hasilnya dapat diinterpretasikan dengan tepat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memvalidasi status hara  model plus one test secara statistik, mengevaluasi pengaruh perlakuan pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung manis, serta korelasi kadar hara tersedia tanah dengan hara tanaman. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Cikabayan, Dramaga Bogor. Percobaan  menggunakan rancangan perlakuan plus one test yang meliputi : (1) Kontrol, (2) N, (3) N + P, (4) N + P + K, (5) N + P + K + Ca, (6) N + P + K + Ca + Mg, (7) N + P + K + Ca + Mg + S. Pupuk yang digunakan adalah pupuk Urea (N), SP-36 (P), KCl (K), kaptan (Ca), MgO (Mg), dan ZA (S). Rancangan lingkungan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok 2 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 14 satuan percobaan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa hara yang menjadi faktor pembatas adalah Ca. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil sidik ragam yang menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penambahan hara Ca berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi Jagung manis. Korelasi hara Ca-dd tanah dengan kadar hara Ca daun lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan korelasi hara lainnya (koefisien korelasi/ r = 0.75), dan tergolong sangat nyata. Pada reflektan warna daun didapatkan bahwa reflektan warna merah dan hijau dipengaruhi perlakuan hara K, reflektan warna biru oleh hara P dan Ca, reflektan warna hijau dan biru oleh perlakuan hara Mg, sedangkan reflektan warna biru dan merah oleh perlakuan hara N dan S. Hasil evaluasi status hara tersebut digunakan untuk tindakan pemupukan selanjutnya.
Nilai Ekonomi Nilai Ekonomi Penggunaan Air Permukaan Di Sub DAS Cihideung, DAS Cisadane
Authors: Fitriani Dewi , Arief Harnios , Darusman Dudung , Hermawan Rachmad
Published: May 2021

Surface water is part of the rainfall flowing above the ground to rivers, lakes, or oceans. One of the surface water resources in West Java is the river water from Cihideung sub watershed. People living in the Cihideung river have traditionally benefited water value as environmental services of the river. They use the water for their livelihood, mainly for agriculture, fisheries, and livestock with their level of income up to Rp.512.250.999,00 per year and expenditure of up to Rp.172.079.999,00 per year. Most of them work as farmers with an average age of 47-53 years and the education level is only elementary school level. They put value of water services about Rp. 237.642.578.707,00 for all house hold in Cihideung Sub Watershed for economic value of water utilization. The quality of water tends to be degrading with existing condition is mild to moderate polluted. The water condition have been decreasing people income and need to be restored among other by upland forest conservation using Payment for Environmental Service schema. The value of water could be managed as a source of fund for the conservation program.
Environmental Assessment of Atmospheric Dioxin Dispersion from a Municipal Wastes Power Plant, Indonesia
Authors: Sulaiman Albert , Dewanti Dian Purwitasari
Published: May 2021

We assess of environemental effect of the dioxin dispersion from municipal waste power plant (MWPP) covering, characteristic of the dispersion and health risk affected communities in  Indonesia. The dispersion studies through modeling which is  done with the following steps 1 ) estimate dioxin emissions from incinerator processing, 2 ) design the dioxin dispersion by literature review, 3 ) calculate health risk of communities based on the dispersion modeling.  The results show that the dispersion of dioxin is represented in the form of a non-Gaussian solution of the advection-diffusion equation with taking into account the settling and deposition velocity. In the case of MWPP with capacity, 80 tonnes per day produce a concentration of 0.04 pg TEQ/Nm3 in residential areas which are located  200m from chimney. Inhalation exposure resulting is 5.28 pg 1-TEQ/( kg-day ) to adults and 6.95 pg 1-TEQ/( kg-day ) to children. The strategy took to adjust by WHO environmental quality standard  4 pg 1-TEQ /( kg-day ), we increase the reduction of APC  25%. The calculation of emissions based on combustion processes shows that the dioxin concentration of MWPP is still below the threshold required by WHO.
Spectral Pattern of Paddy as Response to Drought Condition: An Experimental Study
Authors: Wijayanto Arif Kurnia , Prasetyo Lilik Budi , Setiawan Yudi
Published: May 2021

Every single physical object has a different response to the electromagnetic wave emitted to it. The response is in the form of how it absorbs and reflects the energy in every range of wavelength. The absorption and reflection curve is known as a spectral pattern. The spectral pattern of each object can be used to determine the object. In agriculture, the spectral pattern of plants can be used to determine the health condition of the plant. Drought is one factor that can affect the health of the plant. By identifying the spectral pattern of the plants, the effect of drought on paddy can be identified. This experimental study tried to identify the spectral pattern of some varieties of paddy and different growth stages. A spectrophotometer with a wavelength range of 350-1052 nm was used. Four varieties of paddy were planted in a greenhouse and being treated in drought conditions from the stage of vegetative, generative, and reproductive. Based on the result, the spectral response from the generative phase of all varieties gave the most different pattern compared to the control. This result compromising the rapid detection of paddy fields affected by drought using optical remote sensing data. Especially for plants in the stage of generative.
BRIEF ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY
Authors: Ceocea Costel , Nichifor Bogdan , Timiras Laura
Published: May 2021

In the context in which globalization generates chain reactions, the economic disturbances generated by the Covid-19 crisis are encountered at the global, European and of course regional level and, due to the novelty of the manifestation of the crisis, the capacity of known economic models to provide quick solutions in this context has proved to be limited. Most of the economic imbalances that have occurred are not due to the epidemic itself, but to the measures taken to prevent the spread of this virus. Attempts are being made globally to identify exit scenarios from the crisis. Such scenarios are the result of individual and collective action by states affected by the pandemic. Obviously, the results are different depending on the characteristics, potential, commitment of each of the states / areas affected by the economic crisis and can be evaluated in term of efficiency only after the trigger factor will cease to exist.
 

 
THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT ACCREDITATION IN THE FIELD OF THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL SERVICES ON THE SATISFACTION OF PATIENTS IN ROMANIA
Authors: Ceocea Costel , Ceocea Raluca Alexandra , Cosma Aurora , Savin Marius
Published: May 2021

To achieve quality involves the use of standards in all medical and non-medical processes carried out in the medical system. Standards translate quality into operational terms. They set minimum levels of excellence or performance compatibility intervals. In the paper below I presented a brief history of quality management in the world, then a brief history of quality management in health to demonstrate the importance and relevance of implementing quality management in the current health system. The case study presents the interpretation of the data obtained after the evaluation of the medical unit by ANMCS, accreditation system of health units. In this content I presented the number of indicators implemented related to the applied standards and implicitly the number of non-compliant indicators.The results obtained lead to the presentation of the "strengths" of the health unit, also the recommendations are related to the processes that can be improved. The presentation of the results obtained from the application of satisfaction survey to inpatients during 2017 strengthens the belief that the implementation of quality management in a medical unit is not unnecessary work, on the contrary it is appreciated by patients and its continuation is an imperative action to have medical units at standards of excellence.
Em torno da Renovação Carismática
Authors: Rolim Francisco Cartaxo
Published: May 2021

Não vou repetir o que outros escreveram sobre a Renovação Carismática Católica. São algumas reflexões que julguei oportunas e indispensáveis antes de voltar ao tema em outra oportunidade. Diria que são pressupostos para um enfoque sociológico sobre uma experiência religiosa que se expande entre nós, na América Latina e no mundo. Que o leitor não se espante quanto emprego a expressão “enfoque sociológico” que gostaria de não usar...
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Iraqi Local Breed Cows During Pregnancy and Early Lactation
Authors: Shareef Al-Bayati O.A. , Luaibi Oday K.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted in Al-Alam region, which is located in Salah Al-Din Governorate, on first month pregnant Iraqi local cows (n-10). The follow up extended from the first month of pregnancy up to the end of the first month post-parturition during that some clinical and biochemical parameters were measured in the serum. Blood samples from the jugular vein of cows were collected monthly for the whole period of experiment and divided into four stages: early pregnancy, mid pregnancy, late pregnancy, and early lactation immediately after birth. It was observed that the temperature, respiration rate, and heart rate increased gradually and significantly (P≤0.05) with the progress of pregnancy reaching to its highest value in the last period of pregnancy and decreased after birth. The last trimester of pregnancy and the early lactation were also showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) of the phosphorus, calcium, iron, and copper concentrations compared to the first and second trimesters of the pregnancy however, significant increases in other biochemical values (P≤0.05) were observed in urea and creatinine concentrations in the last trimester of pregnancy and early lactation. In addition to a significant decrease (P≤0.05) of the ratios of concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin, and globulin in the last period of pregnancy compared to other periods. The decrease in the value of globulin continued until the early birth period while the study did not show any significant difference in the concentration of bilirubin between durations. Finally, values of the ALT, AST and ALP enzymes showed significant increases (P≤0.05) in their concentrations in the last period of pregnancy. It is concluded that possible changes in the biochemical parameters of the local Iraqi cows’ blood during pregnancy and early lactation are existed
Trichomonas gallinae Identification and Histopathological Study in Pigeon (Columba livia domestica) in Baghdad City, Iraq
Authors: Fadhil Layla T. , Faraj Azhar A. , AL-Amery Amer M.
Published: May 2021

Trichomonas gallinae causes avian trichomoniasis, which is one of the most common protozoan infections in birds worldwide. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate and identify the Trichomonas gallinae in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) by microscopic examination (direct smear and Giemsa stain) and histopathological examination in Baghdad city, Iraq, during the period from beginning of October 2018 to end of March 2019. Giemsa-stained cytoplasm with light purple and nucleus with dark purple, clarification of flagella, nucleus, and cytoplasm very well. Histopathological findings of infected birds showed gross existence of yellowish white caseous necrotic material in the oral cavity and esophagus. The histopathological examination in the larynx, esophagus, trachea, crop, liver, and lung as infiltration of inflammatory cell mainly (heterophils); thickening of mucosa because of extensive infiltration of heterophils and disruption of esophageal gland; the thickness in bronchi wall of lung due to glandular hyperplasia and muscular fibroplasia, in liver focal necrosis of parenchyma with mononuclear cell (MNCs) infiltration and granuloma composed of MNCs and heterophils. The current study may contribute to determining the histopathological changes of esophagus, trachea, crop, and liver of trichomoniasis- infected pigeons.
Modeling Tensile Strength of Concrete on Partial Replacement of Cement and Sand with Quarry Dust Ground Granulated Blast Furnace and Slag Silica Fumes
Authors: S.N. Eluozo , K. Dimkpa
Published: May 2021

Tensile strength of concrete were examined on its partial replacement of cement and sand using ground granulated blast furnace and quarry dust, the study examines its behaviour at different dimensions, this is to monitor the variation effect of these parameters on the growth rates of tensile to the optimum curing age, these includes  non linear  conditions of tensile state,  non-elastic and its brittle behaviour at all times as it express  zero conditions in tension, this means that it has the ability to with stand pull force, it also reflect its weak ability to handle shear stress thus tends to cause deformation in material as it has poor elasticity. The reflection of its brittle influence the rate of tensile behaviour from concrete ductility, these are known to be a material on modern mechanics of concrete. These also considered as quasi brittle material, this behaviour were reflected as the system considered evaluating the growth rate of tensile strength that replaced cement and sand with these locally sourced addictives. the developed model monitor other reflected influential parameters such as variation of concrete porosity due it  compaction in placements, tensile behaviour reflects these effect that  subject  it to  mechanical properties of concrete, the study expressed the reaction of these parameters in the simulation, the evaluation of  these affected the details variation of tensile growth rate at different water cement ratios and curing age, the tensile behaviour that were monitored are  based on these factors in the study, these derived model were validated with Jaharatul et al 2018, and both parameters developed best fits correlation, the study is imperative because the system expressed the behaviour of tensile strength from concrete at different dimensions, experts can applied these concept to monitor tensile behaviour considering these parameters in its growth rates.
Euripide, Ifigenia in Aulide
Authors: Andò Valeria
Published: May 2021

This volume contains the first Italian critical edition with introduction, translation and commentary of Euripides’ Iphigenia in Aulis. The tragedy, exhibited posthumously in 405 BCE, stages the first mythical segment of the Trojan War, namely the sacrifice of Iphigenia, daughter of king Agamemnon, head of the Greek army, in order to propitiate the winds that should lead the navy to Troy. A tragedy of intrigue and unveiling, in which all the characters try to oppose the sacrifice, judged to be an impiety despite its sacred essence. It is therefore a tragedy without gods, in which characters of modest moral stature move, unstable, ready to sudden changes of mind, and among whom the protagonist stands out: the girl who, having overcome the dismay for the destiny awaiting her, voluntarily moves towards death on the altar, for a flimsy patriotic ideal and with the illusion of achieving immortal glory. Since the end of the eighteenth century, the text of this tragedy, handed over to us by the manuscript tradition, has been exposed more than others to a rigorous philological criticism that has broken its unity, through considerable expunctions of entire sections and sequences of verses. The volume traces the phases of this critical work, showing its methods – and sometimes its excesses – and choosing a balance line in the constitution of the text. The overall exegesis of the tragedy, which I propose in this study, consists in the belief that, despite the exodus being spurious, the finale, in view of which the entire dramaturgy was composed, still had to contemplate Iphigenia’s salvation. In fact, if the Panhellenic ideal of defence against the barbarians is now meaningless, and if a war of destruction, to begin with, needs the death of an innocent person, then this death must be transcended and the horror of human sacrifice must dissolve. It therefore seems that, once political current events become opaque, the poet’s research tends to create situations of great patheticism in an aesthetic setting of refined beauty.
Effect of Integration of Seed Bio-priming and Inorganic Fertilization on Soil Physico-chemical Properties of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Devika O. Siva
Published: May 2021

Conventional agricultural practices rely on the immense application of agrochemicals that show detrimental effects on soil biota. Negative impacts on soil microbiota and enzymes that involve in nutrient cycles hinder nutrient availability. Application of plant growth-promoting microbes such as Trichoderma spp. can evade these hurdles by improving soil biodiversity and performance of the crop. A pot culture experiment was conducted during two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) to figure out the effect of different doses of fertilizers and seed bio-priming with Trichoderma asperellum BHUT8 in sunflower (PAC-334) on soil chemical properties. Results showed that the initial soil reaction was slightly alkaline that tend towards neutral with seed bio-priming. The electrical conductivity of soil in both seasons varied randomly among imposed treatments. Soil cation exchange capacity, which permits the soil to hold all essential nutrients, was enhanced 4% with the supply of 70% recommended dose of fertilizer and seed bio-priming. Soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were found maximum in the treatments supplied with Trichoderma through seed bio-priming. Inoculation of Trichoderma showed positive effects on soil chemical properties and reduced the requirement of inorganic fertilizers.
Constraints Faced by Orange Growers about Production and Marketing Orange
Authors: Agrawal Sonam
Published: May 2021

The oranges created in Amravati district possessed the biggest share of oranges within the Vidarbha orange market. The orange crop plays a vital role within the economy of the region. Among the fruit crops, orange crop covers about 45,226 ha area in Vidarbha. There is still a good potential toward bringing a lot of area below orange in Vidarbha region. The present paper analyses the information behaviour of orange growers concerning the production of the oranges. The various types of constraints confronted by the orange grower related to production of orange are rootstock availability, labour availability, manures and fertilizers, irrigation, plant protection, capital, availability of loan from co-operative society, technical information, use of growth regulator, supporting and constraints confronted by the orange grower related to marketing of orange are Grading, Transportation, Sale of produce, Packaging, Storage. The study was conducted in the purposively selected Amravati district of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state. Five Panchayat Samities from Amravati district were hand-picked purposively covering ten villages from every Panchayat Samiti. Thus, a total of 50 villages and five orange growers from each selected village was selected 250 orange growers constituted the sample size for the present investigation. The main objective of the present paper is to analyze the constraints faced by orange growers in the Amravati District of Maharashtra. Study findings indicated that the orange growers were non-availability of rootstock, high cost of rootstock and fertilizers, uncertainty of electricity supply and difficulties in getting loan were major constraints faced by the farmers which are related to the production. Lack of transport facilities, non-establishment of processing units, and high cost of packing material and non-availability of storage facilities in nearby markets were the major constraints about marketing on orange.
Investigating the Revival of Ancient Egyptian Artifacts as a Symbol of Power through their Occupation of European Public Spaces: A Chrono-Morphological Study
Authors: Raslan Mohamed , Bartók István , Szécsi Zoltán
Published: May 2021

Numerous architectural styles have been explored in recent years (Pakkanen 2018). However, Egyptian revival did not obtain the consideration it deserved till lately, when there was a remarkable flow of attention coursed by various significant ancient Egyptian exhibitions all over the world, which led to the publications of books and articles tackling the Egyptian revival (Curl 2013). In this paper the researcher will try to investigate the chronological change of form and shape of ancient Egyptian architectural features that were revived in European public spaces to signify power, sovereignty, and authority. Curl (2013) charts the argument of the persistence of Egyptian motifs in design from Greco-Roman Antiquity, through the Mediaeval, Baroque, and Neo-Classical periods. Our hypothesis is that Ancient Egypt is a central source, rather than peripheral, to the development of considerable volume of European urbanistic and architectural features. We will distinguish manifestations with Egyptian connotations based on literature reviewed, field observation and the methodology of Curl (2013). Aiming only on three ancient Egyptian sources, the Sphinx, the obelisk, and the temple. Keywords: Egyptian revival, Ancient Egyptian artifacts, morphological regeneration, space occupation, public spaces
New method of poultry selection
Authors: Rehleckaya E. , Dymkov A. , Lazarets L. , Maltsev A.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Install the influence of the «small diameter of the egg» on the living mass and the reproductive qualities of chickens of meat crosses and the quail of meat breeds.Materials and methods. The selection was carried out along egg production and mass of eggs and additionally on the average small diameter of 5 eggs by value of ≥0.5σ from the average for the herd, while the evaluation on the basis of the «small diameter of the egg» was carried out in chickens aged 238 days of life, quails — 70 days of life. Calculated the average for each female and the average for the herd. For further reproduction, chickens carrying eggs with a small egg diameter ≥0.5σ from the average for the herd. Studies were held in SibNIP on quail and on the courses.Results. In the initial period of the egg laying, the individual variability of the small diameter of the egg — more than 10% (in the future, the figure decreased). The close correlation rate of the small egg diameter in the first half of the egg laying with such at the end of the bird's operation period was revealed. It has been established that the large diameter of the egg has a positive reliable connection with a lively mass, but negative with egg production. The reliable correlation rate of the small diameter of the egg with a live weight at a 42-day age, as well as with the derivation of eggs. The inheritance coefficients of the small diameter of the egg are comparable to the inheritance coefficients of the mass of eggs and significantly exceed those for a large diameter of the egg. The selection according to the small diameter of the eggs by ≥0.5σ from the average for the herd led to the fact that the chickens of the experimental groups reliably exceeded the live weight in the SB level of 1.57%, in the line G8 — by 1.35%. The superiority of a lively mass of quail of experienced groups was more pronounced than that of the chickens: the Pharaoh breed — by 4.15%, the Texas white breed is 4.22%. In relation to the derivation of eggs, a similar trend was traced. The derivation of eggs in quails of experienced groups was more than 4.59–4.98%; Country, respectively, 4.57–5.22%. Egg production of females of comparable groups of both chickens and quail was almost on the same level, and the difference was unreliable.Conclusion. It was established that a new method of breeding the poultry of the meat direction of productivity allows without decreasing egg production to increase the living mass of chickens of meat crosses by 1.5%, rewinds of meat breeds — by 4%, the derivation of eggs, respectively, by 4–5%. The method is intended for early prediction of females productivity during breeding selection.
AS PERSPECTIVAS DE APRENDIZIGEM DA LÍNGUA INGLESA NAS REDES SOCIAIS
Authors: de Souza Duarte Solange
Published: May 2021

A aprendizagem significativa da língua inglesa nas redes sociais é um assunto que deve ser englobando a prática pedagógica e a representação social dos sujeitos. As perspectivas de aprendizagem da língua inglesa nas redes sociais podem contribuir muito para renovar o processo educativo, trazendo novos recursos tecnológicos. O estudo buscou investigar através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre perspectivas de aprendizagem da língua inglesa nas redes sociais. Tendo como objetivo geral: Analisar a importância aprendizagem da língua inglesa nas redes sociais; objetivos específicos, buscou-se: - Conhecer as ações aprendizagem da língua inglesa nas redes sociais desenvolvidas pelos docentes nas escolas; - e como vem sendo trabalhada pelos professores em sala de aula na prática. As novas formas de interação, comunicação como Whatssapp, Instagran, Facebook que permitem novas possibilidades a serem utilizadas no processo de ensino aprendizagem nas interações entre alunos e professores. Desta forma, é indispensável garantir a democratização do acesso aos recursos tecnológicos para construir uma sociedade mais igualitária com acesso as novas formas de aprendizagem pela perspectiva de uso das redes sociais como recursos de interação e desenvolvimento de conhecimento pessoal e profissional.
Ley Orgánica de Comunicación Comentada, reseña
Authors: Rodríguez Llamas Gabriela
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo contiene tanto una reseña de la obra Ley Orgánica de Comunicación comentada del doctor Juan Carlos Riofrío Martínez-Villalba, como un breve comentario a las profundas reformas hechas a esta ley en febrero de 2019. Se muestran aquí algunas luces y sombras de la reforma, siguiendo los comentarios del autor. Además se explica aquí cómo esta obra se inscribe en la colección Digesto ecuatoriano que la Corporación de Estudios y Publicaciones (CEP), junto a la Universidad de Los Hemisferios, está sacando adelante. En la primera parte hablamos sobre el autor y sobre la oportunidad de la obra. A continuación, en la parte II hablamos del objetivo de la reforma. Finalmente, en la parte III incluimos algunas conclusiones que nos ayudan a valorar la reforma y la obra comentada. Aunque sea muy positivo lo que se ha andado para reconquistar la libertad de expresión, siguiendo al autor, se echa de meno ahí la desaparición de los principios de la comunicación, que han quedado solo como estándares doctrinales en nuestro medio.
High performance optical filters based on advanced coupled Sagnac loop waveguide reflectors
Authors: Moss David
Published: May 2021

We present theoretical designs of high performance optical filters in integrated silicon photonic nanowire resonators. We use mode interference in formed by zig-zag waveguide coupled Sagnac loop reflectors (ZWC-SLRs), tailored to achieve diverse filtering functions with good performance. These include compact bandpass filters with improved roll-off, optical analogues of Fano resonances with ultrahigh spectral extinction ratios (ERs) and slope rates, and resonance mode splitting with high ERs and low free spectral ranges. The analysis verifies the feasibility of multi-functional integrated photonic filters based on ZWC-SLR resonators for flexible spectral engineering in diverse applications.
Shared Disadvantage as a Determinant of the Relationship Between White Americans’ Socioeconomic Status and Racial/Ethnic Prejudice
Authors: Hines Bryon , Rios Kimberly
Published: May 2021

The present studies examined the conditions under which low subjective socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with greater racial/ethnic prejudice among White Americans. Based on theories of intergroup threat and inclusive victim consciousness, we predicted that describing racial/ethnic minorities as disadvantaged (versus as competitive or in neutral terms) would increase empathy and reduce prejudice among White Americans who consider themselves low in SES. Study 1 provided correlational evidence that White Americans who perceived themselves as low-SES (but not high-SES) were less prejudiced against racial/ethnic minorities the more they perceived minorities as disadvantaged. In Study 2, portraying the target outgroup (Arab immigrants) as disadvantaged increased outgroup empathy, and in turn reduced prejudice, among participants induced to think of themselves as low-SES. Study 3 conceptually replicated these results using a different outgroup (Mexican Americans) and a behavioral measure of prejudice. Implications for reducing prejudice among White Americans of different socioeconomic backgrounds are discussed.
Cultural additivity and the paradox of incited lies, violence in religions
Authors: Quang-Loc Nguyen
Published: May 2021

Although the people are encouraged to live in harmony, honesty, and loyalty to the king by religions, they tend to exposure to violence and prioritize their own interests rather than the kingdom’s gains. Applying the concept of cultural additivity and the argument that “religions incite lies and violence”, this paper attempts to discuss some specific cases that relate to this paradox.
When Information Is Not Enough for Strategic Voting
Authors: Stoetzer Lukas , Kraft Patrick , Schlegel Benjamin E.
Published: May 2021

Voters frequently have to decide between supporting their preferred candidate or choosing a less appealing but more viable alternative. Previous research argues that different aspects of political sophistication, but especially political information, permit citizens to navigate these strategic trade-offs. In this research note, we disentangle the effect of political information from the effect of cognitive capacity on strategic voting in an experimental study. We find that especially the combination of information and cognitive resources increases strategic voting, under high incentive for a strategic vote. Thus, our findings suggest that a narrow focus on individual levels of information to facilitate strategic voting and thereby improve democratic representation is incomplete.
Differential expression of latrophilin 3 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding latrophilin 3, LPHN3, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. LPHN3 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of LPHN3 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with luminal B subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. LPHN3 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF THE IBIBIO AND IGBO SOUND SYSTEMS
Authors: Etim God'spower
Published: May 2021

This research strives to contrast the consonant phonemes, vowel phonemes and tones ofIbibio and Igbo in order to describe their similarities and differences. The researcher adoptedthe descriptive method, and relevant data on the phonology of the two languages weregathered and analyzed within the framework of CA before making predictions andconclusions. Ibibio consists of ten vowels and fourteen consonant phonemes, while Igbo ismade up of eight vowels and twenty-eight consonants. The results of contrastive analysis ofthe two languages showed that there are similarities as well as differences in the soundsystems of the languages. There are some sounds in Ibibio which are not present in Igbo.Also many sounds are in Igbo which do not exist in Ibibio. Both languages share thephonemes /e, a, i, o, ɔ, u, p, b, t, d, k, kp, m, n, ɲ, j, ŋ, f, s, j, w/. All the phonemes in Ibibioare present in Igbo except /ɨ/, /ʉ/, and /ʌ/. Igbo has two vowel segments /ɪ/ and /ʊ/ and alsofourteen consonant phonemes /g, gb, kw, gw, ŋw, v, z, ʃ, h, ɣ, ʧ, ʤ, l, r/ which Ibibio lacks.Both languages have high, low and downstepped tones but Ibibio further has contour orgliding tones which are not tone types in Igbo. Also, the downstepped tone in Ibibio isconventionally marked with exclamation point, while in Igbo, it is conventionally markedwith a raised macron over the segments bearing it. With the assumptions of ContrastiveAnalysis Hypothesis (CAH), these differences may constitute learning problems to thelearners of either language, while similarities may facilitate learning. The paper predictsproblems and proffer solutions to helps teachers as well as learners tackle these difficulties.
Are there really so many moral emotions? Carving morality at its functional joints
Authors: Fitouchi Léo , André Jean-Baptiste , Baumard Nicolas
Published: May 2021

In recent decades, a large body of work has highlighted the importance of emotional processes in moral cognition. Since then, a heterogeneous bundle of emotions as varied as anger, guilt, shame, contempt, empathy, gratitude, and disgust have been proposed to play an essential role in moral psychology. However, the inclusion of these emotions in the moral domain often lacks a clear functional rationale, generating conflations between merely social and properly moral emotions. Here, we build on (i) evolutionary theories of morality as an adaptation for attracting others’ cooperative investments, and on (ii) specifications of the distinctive form and content of moral cognitive representations. On this basis, we argue that only indignation (“moral anger”) and guilt can be rigorously characterized as moral emotions, operating on distinctively moral representations. Indignation functions to reclaim benefits to which one is morally entitled, without exceeding the limits of justice. Guilt functions to motivate individuals to compensate their violations of moral contracts. By contrast, other proposed moral emotions (e.g. empathy, shame, disgust) appear only superficially associated with moral cognitive contents and adaptive challenges. Shame doesn’t track, by design, the respect of moral obligations, but rather social valuation, the two being not necessarily aligned. Empathy functions to motivate prosocial behavior between interdependent individuals, independently of, and sometimes even in contradiction with the prescriptions of moral intuitions. While disgust is often hypothesized to have acquired a moral role beyond its pathogen-avoidance function, we argue that both evolutionary rationales and psychological evidence for this claim remain inconclusive for now.
Pathways of Perceptual Primacy: ERP Evidence for Relationships Between Autism Traits and Enhanced Perceptual Functioning
Authors: Kaplan-Kahn Elizabeth A. , Park Aesoon , Russo Natalie
Published: May 2021

Autistic individuals show enhanced perceptual functioning on many behavioral tasks. Neurophysiological evidence also supports the conclusion that autistic individuals utilize perceptual processes to a greater extent than neurotypical comparisons to support problem solving and reasoning; however, how atypicalities in early perceptual processing influence subsequent cognitive processes remains to be elucidated. The goals of the present study were to test the relationship between early perceptual and subsequent cognitive event related potentials (ERPs) and their relationship to levels of autism traits. 62 neurotypical adults completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and participated in an ERP task. Path models were compared to test causal relationships among an early perceptual ERP (the P1 component), a subsequent cognitive ERP (the N400 effect), and the Attention to Detail subscale of the AQ. The size of participants’ P1 components was positively correlated with the size of their N400 effect and their Attention to Detail score. Model comparisons supported the model specifying that variation in Attention to Detail scores predicted meaningful differences in participants’ ERP waveforms. The relationship between Attention to Detail scores and the size of the N400 effect was significantly mediated by the size of the P1 effect. This study revealed that neurotypical adults with higher levels of Attention to Detail show larger P1 differences, which, in turn, correspond to larger N400 effects. Findings support the Enhanced Perceptual Functioning model of autism, suggesting that early perceptual processing differences may cascade forward and result in modifications to later cognitive mechanisms.
Is 'right-of-reply' right for science?
Authors: Chambers Christopher D , McIntosh Robert D , Della Sala Sergio
Published: May 2021

In this Editorial, we outline the 'right-of-reply' policy at Cortex and explain how it differs from typical expectations at many peer-reviewed journals. Too often, the right-of-reply prompts a generic opinion piece -- a form of academic theatre -- that is focused more on reputation-management than on science. At Cortex, we do not believe that right-of-reply should be a knee-jerk response. We do not routinely offer it, because it does not routinely add value. The received norm may be that the authors of an original study are owed a special status in shaping the narrative around criticisms of their work; but, as scientists, we do not ‘own’ our research questions or findings after we have shared them by publication. Cortex will always consider informed scientific commentaries that advance the debate, subject to editorial judgement and peer review; but there is no routine right-of-reply.
Genetic syndromes, neuroconstuctivism, and replicable research; challenges and future directions
Authors: Farran Emily Kate , Scerif Gaia
Published: May 2021

With growing awareness of problems with replicability and reproducibility within the field of genetic syndrome research, we outline why and how, as a field, we can collectively reform our practice with the goal of research improvement. We advocate that our research is of most impact when researchers investigate how developmental pathways and phenotypic profiles unfold. However, this neuroconstructivist approach and more traditional approaches bring many challenges, not least the problem of statistical power. Here, we outline the challenges to research in our field, and suggest solutions. In recognition that solutions can require substantial resource, we have also included less resource-intensive solutions where possible. The challenges and solutions discussed include sample size, individual differences, cross-disorder comparisons, multi-disciplinary expertise, measurement sensitivity and longitudinal data. Key recommendations include transparency and collaboration. For our field to produce rigorous, replicable research, researchers should strive to present protocols and data transparently (where possible) and collaborate to collect (multi-disciplinary) data as a collective effort.
“My body is out to wreck everything I have”: A qualitative study of how women with endometriosis feel about their bodies
Authors: Mills Jacquie , Shu ChellChih , Misajon RoseAnne , Rush-Privitera Georgia
Published: May 2021

There is a distinct lack of research regarding the relationship with the body in women with endometriosis, despite the condition involving significant changes to appearance and impaired bodily functionality. The current study aimed to understand how women with endometriosis feel about their body. Participants completed an online survey with open-ended questions on how they feel about their body, physical appearance, and level of daily functioning. Responses from 315 women with endometriosis were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, generating three themes: 1) “It makes me feel broken and inadequate” (Sense of being defective); 2) “I feel like I’m in a war with it” (Sense of conflict); and 3) “I feel like my body isn’t mine; it’s out of control” (Sense of alienation). The findings provide support for the notion that the relationship between the body and sense of self is particularly problematic for women with endometriosis and warrants therapeutic intervention. Future research should verify the efficacy of appreciation and self-compassion-based interventions for women with endometriosis.
Nationwide assessment of the mental health of UK Doctoral Researchers
Authors: Hazell Cassie M , Niven Jeremy , Chapman Laura , Roberts Paul , Cartwright-Hatton Sam , Valeix Sophie , Berry Clio
Published: May 2021

Doctoral Researchers (DRs) are an important part of the academic community and, after graduating, make substantial social and economic contributions. Despite this importance, DR wellbeing has long been of concern. Recent studies have concluded that DRs may be particularly vulnerable to poor mental health problems, but direct comparisons of the prevalence of mental health problems between them and a control group is lacking. Here, by comparing DRs with educated working controls, we show that DRs report significantly greater anxiety and depression, and that this difference is not explained by a higher rate of pre-existing mental health problems. Moreover, most DRs perceive poor mental health as a ‘normal’ part of the PhD process. Thus, our findings suggest a hazardous impact of PhD study on mental health, with DRs being particularly at risk of developing common mental health problems. This provides an evidence-based mandate for universities and funders to reflect upon practices related to DR training and mental health. Our attention should now be directed towards understanding what factors may explain heightened anxiety and depression among DRs so as to inform preventative measures and interventions.
Second language learning via syntactic priming: The effects of modality, attention and motivation
Authors: Coumel Marion , Ushioda Ema , Messenger Katherine
Published: May 2021

Please now refer to the publication in Language Learning, see the link below.
The Wisdom of the Coherent: Improving Correspondence with Coherence-Weighted Aggregation
Authors: Collins Robert N. , Mandel David R. , Karvetski Christopher W. , Wu Charley M , Nelson Jonathan D.
Published: May 2021

Previous research shows that variation in coherence (i.e., degrees of respect for axioms of probability calculus), when used as a basis for performance-weighted aggregation, can improve the accuracy of probability judgments. However, many aspects of coherence-weighted aggregation remain a mystery, including both prescriptive issues (e.g., how best to use coherence measures) and theoretical issues (e.g., why coherence-weighted aggregation is effective). Using data from six experiments in two earlier studies (N = 58, N = 2,858) employing either general knowledge or statistical information-integration tasks, we addressed many of these issues. Of prescriptive relevance, we examined the effectiveness of coherence-weighted aggregation as a function of judgment elicitation method, group size, weighting function, and the bias of the function’s tuning parameter. Of descriptive relevance, we propose that coherence-weighted aggregation can improve accuracy via two distinct, task-dependent routes: a causal route in which the bases for scoring accuracy depend on conformity to coherence principles (e.g., Bayesian information integration) and a diagnostic route in which coherence serves as a cue to correct knowledge. The findings provide support for the efficacy of both routes, but they also highlight why coherence weighting, especially the most biased forms, sometimes imposes costs to accuracy. We conclude by sketching a decision-theoretic approach to how aggregators can sensibly leverage the wisdom of the coherent within the crowd.
A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Peer Influence Effects in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Giletta Matteo , Choukas-Bradley Sophia , Maes Marlies , Linthicum Kathryn , Card Noel , Prinstein Mitchell J
Published: May 2021

For decades, psychological research has examined the extent to which children’s and adolescents’ behavior is influenced by the behavior of their peers (i.e., peer influence effects). This review provides a comprehensive synthesis and meta-analysis of this vast field of psychological science, with a goal to quantify the magnitude of peer influence effects across a broad array of behaviors (externalizing, internalizing, academic). To provide a rigorous test of peer influence effects, only studies that employed longitudinal designs, controlled for youths’ baseline behaviors, and used “external informants” (peers’ own reports or other external reporters) were included. These criteria yielded a total of 233 effect sizes from 60 independent studies across four different continents. A multilevel meta-analytic approach, allowing the inclusion of multiple dependent effect sizes from the same study, was used to estimate an average cross-lagged regression coefficient, indicating the extent to which peers’ behavior predicted changes in youths’ own behavior over time. Results revealed a peer influence effect that was small in magnitude (β ̅ = 0.08) but significant and robust. Peer influence effects did not vary as a function of the behavioral outcome, age, or peer relationship type (one close friend vs. multiple friends). Time lag and peer context emerged as significant moderators, suggesting stronger peer influence effects over shorter time periods, and when the assessment of peer relationships was not limited to the classroom context. Results provide the most thorough and comprehensive synthesis of childhood and adolescent peer influence to date, indicating that peer influence occurs similarly across a broad range of behaviors and attitudes.
The Neuroscience of Dance: A Systematic Review of the Present State of Research and Suggestions for Future Work
Authors: Foster Vander Elst Olivia , Foster Nicholas HD , Vuust Peter , Kringelbach Morten L.
Published: May 2021

Ancient and culturally universal, dance is important in many areas of life and brings pleasure, motivational, and health benefits. This is the first comprehensive review of research into its neuroscientific aspects. To produce it, we devised a map of the field, identified relevant papers using the PRISMA guidelines, then summarised and evaluated the results of those papers. We also suggest avenues for future research in: the interactive and collective aspects of dance; groove; dance performance; dance observation; and dance therapy. The interactive and collective aspects of dance constitute a vital part of the field, but have received almost no attention to date. More research has been conducted in the other areas, but they would benefit from additional attention.