bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New records of Phylinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from the Palaearctic Region
Authors: KONSTANTINOV FEDOR V. , NAMYATOVA ANNA A.
Published: June 2019

The following 62 species of Phylinae are recorded for the first time from various Palaearctic countries: Alloeomimus kurdus (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), Aspidacanthus myrmecoides (Mongolia), Hallodapus montandoni (Iran, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Mongolia), Omphalonotus quadriguttatus (Kyrgyzstan), Systellonotus triguttatus (Kazakhstan), Pilophorus cinnamopterus (Kazakhstan and Mongolia), Pilophorus clavatus (Kazakhstan), Pilophorus disjunctus (Kazakhstan), Pilophorus sinuaticollis (Caucasus, Iran, and Mongolia), Amblytylus jani (Morocco), Amblytylus peitho (Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan), Anonychiella brevicornis (Ukraine, northern Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan), Atractotomimus picturatus (Turkmenistan), Atractotomus magnicornis (Caucasus), Atractotomus morio (Mongolia), Boopidocoris salsolae (Tajikistan), Boopidocoris vitticollis (Mongolia), Camptotylus apanaskevichi (Kazakhstan), Campylomma nigronasutum (Kazakhstan), Chlorillus pictus (Georgia), Compsidolon absinthii (Armenia and Kyrgyzstan), Compsidolon kerzhneri (Mongolia), Conostethus hungaricus (Uzbekistan), Conostethus roseus (Iran), Conostethus venustus (Iran), Criocoris crassicornis (Kazakhstan and Mongolia), Eurycolpus flaveolus (southern part of European Russia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan), Glaucopterum atraphaxidis (Armenia), Hadrophyes sulphurella (northern Kazakhstan), Leucodellus nathaliae (Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan), Lepidargyrus muminovi (Uzbekistan), Litoxenus tenellus (Asian part of Kazakhstan and Turkey), Lopidodenus bipunctatus (Tajikistan), Macrotylus dentifer (Iran), Macrotylus dimidiatus (Mongolia), Macrotylus paykullii (Tajikistan), Macrotylus cruciatus (Uzbekistan), Maurodactylus fulvus (Cyprus), Megalocoleus chrysotrichus (Turkmenistan), Megalocoleus dissimilis (Azerbaijan), Megalocoleus lunula (Ukraine), Megalocoleus mellae (Uzbekistan), Megalocoleus molliculus (Tajikistan and Turkmenistan), Megalocoleus tanaceti (Georgia and Uzbekistan), Monocris griseolus (Uzbekistan), Oncotylus vitticeps (Armenia and Turkmenistan), Orthonotus fuscicornis (Asian part of Kazakhstan), Placochilus seladonicus (Armenia), Psallopsis kirgisica (Armenia), Psallus dichrous (Algeria), Psallus henschii (Armenia), Psallus corsicus (Turkey), Salicarus roseri (Georgia), Salicarus urnammu (Armenia), Tuponia kiritshenkoi (Mongolia), Tuponia prasina (Turkmenistan), Tuponia suturalis suturalis (Tajikistan), Tuponia arcufera (Uzbekistan), Tuponia elegans (Armenia), Tytthus pygmaeus (Central Asia), Voruchia vittigera (Central Asia), Voruchiella dubia (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan).
New species of the genus Paravibrissina Shima (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Southeast Asia and South Pacific
Authors: SHIMA HIROSHI , TACHI TAKUJI
Published: June 2019

Five new species of Paravibrissina Shima are described from Southeast Asia and the South Pacific: P. argentifera sp. nov., P. aurigera sp. nov., P. leucogaster sp. nov., P. pacifica sp. nov. and P. parvula sp. nov. Paravibrissina adiscalis infuscata Shima and P. thailandica Shima are synonymized with P. adiscalis Shima (syn. nov). The female, egg and a host are known for the first time for the type species, P. adiscalis. Paravibrissina is moved to the tribe Goniini from its original placement in the Blondeliini and its systematic position is discussed in light of conflicting characters. A key to the known species of Paravibrissina is provided.
The genus Magia Distant (Hemiptera: Lophopidae): review and biogeographic history
Authors: SOULIER-PERKINS ADELINE
Published: June 2019

Kasserota illingworthi Baker, 1925 is transferred to the genus Magia Distant, 1907 and placed in synonymy with Magia subocellata Distant, 1907. The first description of the male genitalia of this species is provided along with the first description of the fifth instar nymph. A new species for this genus is described, Magia stuarti Soulier-Perkins sp. n. The presence of this genus in Australia is discussed in terms of its historical biogeography.
Two new species of Flavoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Shaanxi Province of China
Authors: LIU HAO , YAN YANHUA , LI WEIHAI
Published: June 2019

Two new Perlidae stonefly species, Flavoperla furcomaculata sp. nov. and F. triangulata sp. nov. from the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, northwestern China are described. Their taxonomic relationships with other known similar Flavoperla species are discussed.
Bayesian Assimilation of Multiscale Precipitation Data and Sparse Ground Gauge Observations in Mountainous Areas
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Chen Jinsong , Yang Dawen
Published: June 2019

Estimating the spatial distribution of precipitation is important for understanding ecohydrological processes at catchment scales. However, this estimation is difficult in mountainous areas because ground-based observation stations are often sparsely located and do not represent the spatial variability of precipitation. In this study, we develop a Bayesian assimilation method based on data collected on the Tibetan Plateau from 1980 to 2014 to estimate monthly and daily precipitation. To accomplish this, point-scale ground meteorological observations are combined with large-scale precipitation data such as satellite observations or reanalysis data. First, we remove the terrain effects from ground observations by fitting the precipitation data as functions of elevation, and then we spatially interpolate the residuals to 5-km-resolution grids to obtain monthly and daily precipitation. Additionally, we use Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observations and ERA-Interim reanalysis data. Cross-validation methods are used to evaluate our method; the results show that our method not only captures the change in precipitation with terrain but also significantly reduces the associated uncertainty. The improvements are more evident in the main river source areas on the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, where elevation changes dramatically, and in high-altitude areas, where the ground gauges are sparse compared with those in low-altitude areas. Our assimilation method is applicable to other regions and is particularly useful for mountainous watersheds where ground meteorological stations are sparse and precipitation is considerably influenced by terrain.
Modeling of Item Response Functions Under the D-Scoring Method
Authors: Dimitrov Dimiter M.
Published: June 2019

This study presents new models for item response functions (IRFs) in the framework of the D-scoring method (DSM) that is gaining attention in the field of educational and psychological measurement and largescale assessments. In a previous work on DSM, the IRFs of binary items were estimated using a logistic regression model (LRM). However, the LRM underestimates the item true scores at the top end of the D-scale (ranging from 0 to 1), especially for relatively difficult items. This entails underestimation of true D-scores, inaccuracy in the estimates of their standard errors, and other psychometric issues. The inverse-regression adjustments used to fix this problem are too complicated for regular applications of the DSM and not in line with its simplicity. This issue is resolved with the IRF models proposed in this study, referred to as rational function models (RFMs) with one parameter (RFM1), two parameters (RFM2), and three parameters (RFM3). The proposed RFMs are discussed and illustrated with simulated and real data.
Moving Into the Loop: An Investigation of Drivers’ Steering Behavior in Highly Automated Vehicles
Authors: Alsaid Areen , Lee John D. , Price Morgan
Published: June 2019

Objective

This paper investigates driver engagement with vehicle automation and the transition to manual control in the context of a phenomenon that we have termed vicarious steering—drivers steering when the vehicle is under automated control.

Background

Automated vehicles introduce many challenges, including disengagement from the driving task and out-of-the-loop performance decrement. We examine drivers’ steering behavior when the automation is engaged, and steering input has no effect on the vehicle state. Such vicarious steering is a potential indicator of engagement for evaluating automated vehicles.

Method

A total of 32 female and 32 male drivers between 25 and 55 years of age participated in this experiment. A 2 × 2 between-subject design combined control algorithms and instructed responsibility. The control algorithms (lane centering and adaptive) were intended to convey the capability of the automation. The adaptive algorithm drifted across the lane center when latent hazards were present. The instructed levels of responsibility (driver primarily responsible and automation primarily responsible) were intended to replicate the admonitions of owners’ manuals.

Results

The adaptive algorithm increased vicarious steering ( p < .001), but instructed responsibility did not ( p = .67), and there was no interaction between the algorithm and the responsibility ( p = .75). Vicarious steering was associated with an increase in transitions to manual control and glances to the road but was negatively associated with driving performance immediately after the transition to manual control.

Conclusion

Vicarious steering is a promising indicator of driver engagement when the vehicle is under automated control and automation algorithms can promote engagement.
Experience and Entrepreneurship: A Career Transition Perspective
Authors: Rider Christopher I. , Thompson Peter , Kacperczyk Aleksandra , Tåg Joacim
Published: June 2019

The authors cast entrepreneurship as one of three career choices—remaining with one’s employer, changing employers, or engaging in entrepreneurship—and theorize how the likelihood of entrepreneurship evolves over one’s career. They empirically demonstrate an inverted U-shaped relationship between accumulated experience and entrepreneurship across various industries and jobs. The authors highlight the difficulty of inferring the mechanism underlying the observed relationship, despite detailed career history data and job displacement shocks that eliminate the current employer choice. These analyses motivate a formal career transitions model in which employer-specific and general skills accumulate with experience but potential employers observe only total skill. Results from the model presented here are that entrepreneurial career transitions vary with two relative costs: 1) the cost to an individual to form a business and 2) the cost to a potential employer to utilize the individual’s employer-specific skills. The authors discuss how this model contributes new insights into an entrepreneurial career.
Below the Surface: HBCU Performance, Social Mobility, and College Ranking
Authors: Hardy Precious M. , Kaganda Elizabeth J. , Aruguete Mara S.
Published: June 2019

This study compared Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) to Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) on student outcome variables, student precollege characteristics (e.g., SAT scores), and college ranking scores. We collected data on HBCUs and PWIs matched by size and location using the U.S. Department of Education’s College Scorecard, U.S. News and World Reports’ Best College Rankings, and CollegeNET’s Social Mobility Index (SMI). When compared to PWIs, HBCU ranks tend to be more favorable on the SMI but less favorable on U.S. News and World Reports. HBCUs showed higher first-year retention and graduate salary than PWIs once precollege characteristics were controlled. Results suggest that HBCUs serve a higher proportion of low-income students than PWIs, which can affect the public perception of their performance. HBCUs would benefit from emphasizing their demonstrated success in promoting social mobility of students.
Using Tiered Coaching and Bug-in-Ear Technology to Promote Teacher Implementation Fidelity
Authors: Owens Tosha L. , Lo Ya-yu , Collins Belva C.
Published: June 2019

In this study, we examined the effects of a tiered teacher coaching intervention package, including video coaching and in situ coaching with use of the bug-in-ear technology, on the implementation fidelity of four general education teachers in supporting students with persistent off-task behaviors to self-monitor own behaviors in the general education setting. In addition, we evaluated the effects of teachers’ implementation on the on-task behavior of four target students. Results of the multiple probe across participants design showed that there was a functional relation between the tiered coaching intervention and the teachers’ implementation fidelity. There was also an overall improvement in all of the four students’ on-task behaviors. Limitations, suggestions for future research, and implications for practice are discussed.
Legal support to gain access to medical treatment in the current healthcare system is unproductive
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayantan , Ghosh Chandrima , Khan Iftikhar , Shrotri Milind
Published: June 2019

The National Health Service in UK is facing grave financial crisis. Recently, 65% of Acute Trusts have reported a collective deficit of £2.5 billion. This financial crunch has had significant impact on patient care and sustenance of essential healthcare services. In order to thrive, the National Health Service has begun significant rationing of treatment which has become increasingly apparent in recent times, exposing the National Health Service to legal challenges. This article reviews the current state of the National Health Service from a legal perspective.
Spatial information extraction from travel narratives: Analysing the notion of co-occurrence indicating closeness of tourist places
Authors: Haris Erum , Gan Keng Hoon , Tan Tien-Ping
Published: June 2019

Recent advancements in social media have generated a myriad of unstructured geospatial data. Travel narratives are among the richest sources of such spatial clues. They are also a reflection of writers’ interaction with places. One of the prevalent ways to model this interaction is a points of interest (POIs) graph depicting popular POIs and routes. A relevant notion is that frequent pairwise occurrences of POIs indicate their geographic proximity. This work presents an empirical interpretation of this theory and constructs spatially enriched POI graphs, a clear augmentation to popularity-based POI graphs. A triplet pattern, rule-based spatial relation extraction technique SpatRE is proposed and compared with standard relation extraction systems Ollie and Stanford OpenIE. A travel blogs data set is also contributed containing labelled spatial relations. The performance is further evaluated on SemEval 2013 benchmark data sets. Finally, spatially enriched POI graphs are qualitatively compared with TripAdvisor and Google Maps to visualise information accuracy.
Minimally invasive subtalar arthrodesis for traumatic subtalar arthritis
Authors: Sun Lei , Kong Zhigang , Xu Ming
Published: June 2019

Objective

This study was performed to introduce a new method of minimally invasive subtalar arthrodesis (MISA) and assess its clinical effects on traumatic subtalar arthritis (TSA).

Methods

Fifteen patients (8 male and 7 female; age range, 36–56 years; mean age, 48.67 years) with TSA who underwent MISA were included. All patients were treated using a series instrument. The intraoperative and postoperative indexes were recorded.

Results

Among all patients, the mean operation time was 59.67 ± 16.31 minutes and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 43.33 ± 52.87 mL. Four patients underwent iliac crest bone graft surgery, and one patient developed a complication involving fat liquefaction of the iliac crest wound. The mean bony fusion time among all patients was 3.5 months. According to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society standard, an excellent outcome was obtained in eight patients and a good outcome was obtained in seven patients. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly different between patients who did and did not undergo iliac crest bone graft surgery.

Conclusion

MISA is a simple and effective method for the treatment of TSA.
Effect of thrombin injection on cerebral vascular in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Li Gang , Wang Qingsong , Lin Tingting , Liu Chengye
Published: June 2019

Objective

To evaluate the effect of thrombin (TM) injection via the cerebellomedullary cistern on cerebral vessels in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods

Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups. In the A1 group, physiological saline was injected via the cerebellomedullary cistern; in the A2 group, 3 U of TM was injected into the subarachnoid space; and in the A3 group, SAH models were established and 3 U of TM was injected with the first injection of whole blood. Three days later, basilar artery specimens were collected for pathological examination.

Results

The basilar arterial lumen cross-sectional area was significantly smaller in the A2 versus the A1 group, and proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α average optical densities were significantly higher (all P < 0.05). Basilar arterial lumen cross-sectional areas were significantly smaller in the A3 than the A2 group and average TNF-α optical densities were significantly lower (both P < 0.05), while those of PAR-1 did not differ significantly.

Conclusions

There was no significant difference in the extent of cerebral vasospasm between SAH and non-SAH model groups following TM injection into the subarachnoid space, so TM was considered to be an independent factor affecting cerebral vasospasm.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty and excision of an intraperitoneal mass: a case report
Authors: Su Hao , Wu Shuiqing , Wang Yinhuai , Peng Shiqi
Published: June 2019

Objective

This case is reported to introduce an advanced surgical technique and share our experience with surgeons.

Methods

A 53-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Urology of The Second Xiangya Hospital with complaints of frequent urination and dysuria in June 2018. He had been diagnosed with genitourinary tuberculosis and left renal dysfunction at another hospital and had undergone left nephrectomy 6 months previously. At our institution, intravenous urography showed a normally functioning right solitary kidney. Computed tomography indicated a high-density mass in the abdominal cavity. At the patient’s request, robot-assisted laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty and excision of the intraperitoneal mass was performed.

Results

The surgery was performed using a completely intracorporeal technique. The procedure was completed in 240 minutes, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 11. At the 2-month follow-up, ultrasound examination showed that the maximal bladder capacity had increased to 1000 mL. Intravenous urography revealed no urine leakage, and filling of the bladder was satisfactory.

Conclusions

With the development of robot-assisted surgery, robotic surgery can be successfully used for less frequently performed operations.
Comparison of HLA-B*27 subtypes between Chinese patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-ankylosing spondylitis carriers
Authors: Luo Fangjun , Zhao Zhigang , Zhang Jie , Leng Jianhang
Published: June 2019

Objective

To investigate the distribution of subtypes between HLA-B*27 (+) patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and carriers.

Methods

This case–control study recruited Chinese Han patients with HLA-B*27 (+) AS from six hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China between 2013 and 2018. Patients who were examined for HLA-B*27 because of back pain or arthralgia but who did not have AS or arthritis were recruited as controls. HLA-B*27 target DNA was amplified by amplification refractory mutation systems and HLA-B*27 subtypes were determined by sequencing.

Results

The positive rate of HLA-B*27 was significantly higher in the AS group than in the control group. In AS patients, HLA-B*2704 was predominant at 86.4%, followed by HLA-B*2705 at 12.6%; HLA-B*2704 and HLA-B*2705 were found in 70.0% and 10.0% of controls, respectively. HLA-B*2702 and HLA-B*2706 were detected at low frequencies in the control group, while the rare subtype HLA-B*2715 was only observed in two (1.0%) patients with AS. HLA-B*2707 was not detected in AS or control groups.

Conclusion

HLA-B*2704 is the predominant subtype among patients with AS and carriers in southeast China.
Comparative Analysis of Empirical Bayes and Bayesian Hierarchical Models in Hotspot Identification
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Wu Lingtao , Zou Yajie , Fawcett Lee
Published: June 2019

Hotspot identification is an important step in the highway safety management process. Errors in hotspot identification (HSID) may result in an inefficient use of limited resources for safety improvements. The empirical Bayesian (EB) HSID has been widely applied as an effective approach in identifying hotspots. However, there are some limitations with the EB approach. It assumes that the parameter estimates of the safety performance function (SPF) are correct without any uncertainty, and does not consider temporal instability in crashes, which has been reported in recent studies. The Bayesian hierarchical model is an emerging technique that addresses the limitations of the EB method. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare the performance of the standard EB method and the Bayesian hierarchical model in identifying hotspots. Three methods (crash rate, EB, and the Bayesian hierarchical model) were applied to identify risky intersections with different significance levels. Four evaluation tests (site consistency, method consistency, total rank differences, and Poisson mean differences tests) were conducted to assess the performance of these three methods. The testing results suggest that: (1) the Bayesian hierarchical model outperforms the crash rate and the EB methods in most cases, and the Bayesian hierarchical model improves the accuracy of HSID significantly; and (2) hotspots identified with crash rates are generally unreliable. This is significant for roadway agencies and practitioners trying to accurately rank sites in the roadway network to effectively manage safety investments. Roadway agencies and practitioners are encouraged to consider the Bayesian hierarchical model in identifying hotspots.
Early results of supervised versus unsupervised rehabilitation of patients with cervical pain
Authors: Huber Juliusz , Lisiński Przemysław
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

Comparison of early effects of supervised (led by physiotherapist) and unsupervised rehabilitation protocols in patients with myofascial pain syndrome, disk-root conflict and degenerative spine disease at cervical level.

Methods:

Three groups of patients (n = 60 each) with clinically and neurophysiologically confirmed myofascial pain syndrome, disk-root conflict and degenerative spine disease were randomly subdivided to supervised and unsupervised treatment subgroups (n = 30 each). Thirty healthy subjects with similar demographic and anthropometric properties as patients were enrolled to control group. Patients were examined before and after rehabilitation with visual analog scale of pain, Spurling’s test, painful passive elongation and active trigger points detection in trapezius muscle, sensory perception studies and surface electromyography (at rest, during maximal contraction) and electroneurography.

Results:

Supervised treatment resulted in decrease of pain intensity (P = .001) and Spurling’s symptoms incidence (P = .008) in patients from disk-root conflict group. Painful elongation and incidence of trigger points in trapezius muscle were the least observed at P = .009 after supervised therapy of myofascial pain syndrome. Supervised therapy resulted in decrease of resting electromyography amplitude and increase of maximal contraction electromyography amplitude from trapezius muscle (P = .02) in myofascial pain syndrome patients and from biceps and abductor pollicis brevis muscles of patients from other groups (P from .05 to .001). Median nerve electroneurography and sensory perception results improved at P = .05 after supervised treatment in disk-root conflict group.

Conclusions:

Twenty-day supervised rehabilitation provides better therapeutic effects than unsupervised one in treatment of muscle dysfunctions in patients with myofascial pain syndrome, degenerative changes and disk-root conflict at cervical spine.
Scaling Up and Integrating Effective Behavioral and Instructional Support Systems (EBISS): A Study of One State’s Professional Development Efforts
Authors: Chaparro Erin A. , Smolkowski Keith , Jackson Kathleen Ryan
Published: June 2019

Oregon’s Effective Behavioral and Instructional Support Systems (EBISS) initiative was implemented in 25 school districts. The initiative trained and coached district leaders and teachers in the use of the EBISS model through the lens of implementation science. The EBISS model integrates school-wide positive behavior intervention and supports (SWPBIS) and the school-wide reading model (SWRM) to improve schools for all students and to reduce the number of students at risk of learning difficulties. Proximal outcomes included gains in the number of building-level SWPBIS and SWRM implementation teams and the activities of those teams. Distal outcomes included statistically significant gains in oral reading fluency (ORF) in first and third grades and marginally significant decreases in the percentage of students in the intensive category for reading in second and fourth grades. These findings suggest that to optimize improvements in teacher and student outcomes, a rigorous system of professional development and coaching appears necessary.
Neurodevelopmental Treatment (Bobath) for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zanon Márcia Andréa , Pacheco Rafael Leite , Latorraca Carolina de Oliveira Cruz , Martimbianco Ana Luiza Cabrera , Pachito Daniela Vianna , Riera Rachel
Published: June 2019

Aim:

To assess the effects of neurodevelopmental treatment for children with cerebral palsy.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review following the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and reported in accordance to PRISMA Statement. Through a comprehensive literature search we considered all randomized clinical trials that compared neurodevelopmental treatment with conventional physical therapy for children with cerebral palsy. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias Table to assess the risk of bias of the included randomized clinical trial, and the GRADE approach to evaluate the certainty of the body of the evidence.

Results:

We found 3 randomized clinical trials (2 published and 1 ongoing) comprising 66 children. Published randomized clinical trials presented methodological and reporting limitations and only 1 provided data for outcomes of interest. No difference between neurodevelopmental treatment and conventional physical therapy was found for gross motor function (mean difference 1.40; 95% confidence interval –5.47 to 8.27, low certainty evidence).

Conclusion:

This review found that the effects of neurodevelopmental treatment for children with cerebral palsy are still uncertain. Further studies are required to assess the efficacy and safety of neurodevelopmental treatment for this purpose and until there, current evidence do not support its routinely use in practice. Number of protocol registration in PROSPERO database: CRD42017082817 (available from https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=82817 ).
Understanding the Impact of Seeing Gun Violence and Hearing Gunshots in Public Places: Findings From the Youth Firearm Risk and Safety Study
Authors: Mitchell Kimberly J. , Jones Lisa M. , Turner Heather A. , Beseler Cheryl L. , Hamby Sherry , Wade Roy
Published: June 2019

There is a current public health emphasis on finding strategies for reducing the risks associated with children’s gun violence exposure. This article examines the impact of seeing and hearing gun violence on youth of different ages and living in urban and nonurban areas. Participants were 630 youth, aged 2 to 17. Youth, ages 10 to 17, completed a self-report survey, and caregivers of young children, ages 2 to 9, completed the survey as a proxy for that child. Participants resided in Boston, MA; Philadelphia, PA; and rural areas of eastern TN. Participants were recruited through a variety of techniques including pediatric clinics, housing authorities, youth-serving agencies, festivals, word of mouth, and local e-mail lists for classified advertisements. Data were collected between October 2017 and April 2018 and analyzed in 2019. In total, 41% of youth in this study reported ever seeing or hearing gun violence; 32% had such an experience in the past year. Among exposed youth, 50% took protective action to keep themselves safe, and 58% reported being very or extremely afraid, sad, or upset as a result of the indirect gun violence. More youth living in urban compared with nonurban areas took some protective action. Females and younger children had increased odds of experiencing high fear as a result of the violence. Current gun violence prevention has typically targeted adolescents; however, current findings suggest the need to focus on younger children as well, including the distress resulting from indirect exposure to gun violence.
Bullying Involvement in Adolescence: Implications for Sleep, Mental Health, and Academic Outcomes
Authors: Hysing Mari , Askeland Kristin Gärtner , La Greca Annette M. , Solberg Mona E. , Breivik Kyrre , Sivertsen Børge
Published: June 2019

Adolescents’ involvement in bullying is associated with both sleep and mental health problems, but the nature of this association remains unclear; further, its association with academic outcomes has received little attention. Thus, the aims of the current study were to (a) determine whether involvement in bullying as a victim, bully, or bully-victim was associated with greater sleep and mental health problems and (b) explore the potential mediating effect of sleep and mental health problems on the association between bullying and academic outcomes. A large 2012 population-based study in Hordaland County, Norway, surveyed 10,220 adolescents (16-19 years; 54% girls) about bullying involvement using the revised version of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, detailed sleep assessment, and mental health questionnaires. Academic outcomes were obtained from official administrative registries. 1.7% of the adolescents ( n = 156) reported being victims of bullying, 1.0% ( n = 92) reported being a bully, and 0.5% ( n = 50) reported being a bully-victim. All categories of bullying involvement had higher rates of mental health problems compared with adolescents not involved in bullying. Victims reported more symptoms of anxiety and depression, whereas bullies reported higher rates of conduct problems. Adolescents in all bullying categories also reported significantly shorter sleep duration and higher prevalence of insomnia as well as lower grade point average (GPA) compared with adolescents not involved; however, school absence was not associated with bullying involvement. Bullying involvement and GPA showed complete mediation for bullies and bully-victims and partial mediation for victims through sleep duration, conduct problems, and symptoms of depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Bullying is strongly associated with mental health and sleep problems, in addition to lower academic performance. Findings support the importance of addressing bullying involvement during this important developmental period.
Child Abuse Victimization, Depression, and Substance Use Among Homeless Women: Application of General Strain Theory
Authors: Song Ahyoung , Wenzel Suzanne L. , Cho Yusun
Published: June 2019

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the association between child abuse and substance use among homeless women based on a framework of General Strain Theory, which emphasizes the strong relationship between deviant behaviors and personally experienced strain. In this study, as the strain associated with substance use, child abuse experience in the past was assessed. This research tested three hypotheses about (a) the association between physical and sexual abuse during childhood and substance use (heavy drinking, marijuana use, and crack cocaine use), (b) the mediating effect of depressive symptoms, and (c) the moderating effect of positive social supports on the relationship between abuse during childhood and substance use with a survey and interview data of a randomly selected sample of 445 homeless women in a temporary shelter setting in Los Angeles County between June 2007 and March 2008. Although the results indicated that abuse during childhood was not significantly associated with any form of substance use, the results of multivariate analyses indicated that depressive symptoms fully mediated the four relationships ( p < .01; physical abuse and heavy drinking, physical abuse and crack cocaine use, sexual abuse and heavy drinking, and sexual abuse and crack cocaine use). The results of this study also indicated that positive social supports significantly moderate the effect of physical ( p < .01) and sexual ( p < .05) abuse experience on heavy drinking, which implies that positive social supports would be significant to reduce substance use among homeless women who had a history of physical and sexual abuse during childhood.
Optimization of compound die piercing punches and double cutting process parameters using finite element analysis
Authors: Shaheen Wael , Kanapathipillai Sangarapillai , Mathew Philip , Prusty B Gangadhara
Published: June 2019

This article investigates different types of compound die piercing punches and double cutting operation parameters in terms of optimization using finite element technique, Taguchi method, regression analysis, and analysis of variance. The article overcomes the current knowledge gap in studying various cutting edges of piercing punches such as flat, chamfered, flat edge with concave hemisphere, and convex shaped when using the compound dies in stamping operations. The analysis of the compound die is carried out using ANSYS software. The main focus is to determine the contribution of key parameters for obtaining optimum cutting tool design. The best piercing punch is selected based on minimum burr height of the product. The values of cutting process parameters and burr heights have been analyzed using Minitab software. The results obtained indicate that the burr heights of the final product are at a minimum when the sheet metals are thicker and larger when the sheets are thinner. The chamfered and convex punches provided minimum burr heights which are as low as 0.034 mm for a typical sheet metal. This study provides a better outcome compared to the available experimental data in the literature. The investigation also designed efficient compound dies resulting in improved product quality.
The influence of moderate angle-of-attack variation on disturbances evolution and transition to turbulence in supersonic boundary layer on swept wing
Authors: Kosinov Alexander , Semionov Nikolai , Yermolaev Yury , Smorodsky Boris , Kolosov Gleb , Yatskikh Aleksey , Semenov Alexander
Published: June 2019

The paper is devoted to an experimental and theoretical study of effect of moderate angle-of-attack variation on disturbances evolution and laminar-turbulent transition in a supersonic boundary layer on swept wing at Mach 2. Monotonous growth of the transition Reynolds numbers with angle of attack increasing from −2° to 2.7° is confirmed. For the same conditions, calculations based on linear stability theory are performed. The experimental and computational results show a favourable comparison.
(-)-Phenserine Ameliorates Contusion Volume, Neuroinflammation, and Behavioral Impairments Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
Authors: Hsueh Shih-Chang , Lecca Daniela , Greig Nigel H. , Wang Jia-Yi , Selman Warren , Hoffer Barry J. , Miller Jonathan P. , Chiang Yung-Hsiao
Published: June 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major cause of mortality and morbidity, affects 10 million people worldwide, with limited treatment options. We have previously shown that (-)-phenserine (Phen), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor originally designed and tested in clinical phase III trials for Alzheimer’s disease, can reduce neurodegeneration after TBI and reduce cognitive impairments induced by mild TBI. In this study, we used a mouse model of moderate to severe TBI by controlled cortical impact to assess the effects of Phen on post-trauma histochemical and behavioral changes. Animals were treated with Phen (2.5 mg/kg, IP, BID) for 5 days started on the day of injury and the effects were evaluated by behavioral and histological examinations at 1 and 2 weeks after injury. Phen significantly attenuated TBI-induced contusion volume, enlargement of the lateral ventricle, and behavioral impairments in motor asymmetry, sensorimotor functions, motor coordination, and balance functions. The morphology of microglia was shifted to an active from a resting form after TBI, and Phen dramatically reduced the ratio of activated to resting microglia, suggesting that Phen also mitigates neuroinflammation after TBI. While Phen has potent anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, its (+) isomer Posiphen shares many neuroprotective properties but is almost completely devoid of anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. We evaluated Posiphen at a similar dose to Phen and found similar mitigation in lateral ventricular size increase, motor asymmetry, motor coordination, and balance function, suggesting the improvement of these histological and behavioral tests by Phen treatment occur via pathways other than anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibition. However, the reduction of lesion size and improvement of sensorimotor function by Posiphen were much smaller than with equivalent doses of Phen. Taken together, these results show that post-injury treatment with Phen over 5 days significantly ameliorates severity of TBI. These data suggest a potential development of this compound for clinical use in TBI therapy.
Material characterization of SiC and Al2O3–reinforced hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites on wear behavior
Authors: AM Rajesh , Kaleemulla Mohamed , Doddamani Saleemsab , KN Bharath
Published: June 2019

In the present investigation, wear test is conducted on a pin-on-disc device at room temperature for both the age hardening and without age hardening conditions. Al7075 has been chosen as the matrix material. Hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites are produced utilizing stir casting route for enhancing the wear behavior and hardness number. The reinforcement used is silicon carbide with 5, 10, and 15 wt% and alumina as the reinforcement in 5, 10, and 15 wt%. In the aluminum matrix, microstructural characterization reveals homogeneous mixing of reinforcements. This investigation shows that the enhanced wear resistance is due to the increment weight fraction of reinforcement. By raising the sliding speeds, there is a reduction in the rate of wear and it reduces with increment in the sliding distance. With increasing weight fraction, there is decrement in the rate of wear of composites. In general, tribological property enhances because of the addition of the two reinforcements.
Mechanical and tribological study of short glass fiber-reinforced PA 66
Authors: Autay R , Missaoui S , Mars J , Dammak F
Published: June 2019

Tensile, flexural, wear, and friction behaviors of polyamide 6.6 (PA 66) reinforced by different weight fractions of short glass- iber were investigated. Three-point bending flexural tests in addition to monotonic tensile tests were carried out to determine the mechanical behavior. Reciprocating friction tests were carried out without lubrication under ambient conditions. A ball-on-flat contact configuration was adopted for all tests. Reciprocating wear tests were carried out against a silicon carbide abrasive paper. Results show that the reinforcement influenced mechanical and tribological behaviors and that the orientation of glass fiber has an effect on the friction behavior. Increasing the weight fraction of glass fiber increases the ultimate strength, the flexural strength, and the elastic modulus but decreases the elongation at break. Increasing the weight fraction of glass fiber decreases the coefficient of friction and increases the wear rate. For high weight fractions, when sliding parallel to the glass fiber direction, the coefficient of friction is smaller than which is measured in the perpendicular direction. Abrasive wear mechanism of wear was illustrated via scanning electron micrographs.
Reviewing the Role Criticality of Culture and Technology in Knowledge Management Practice: From Practitioners’ Viewpoint
Authors: Dutt Himanshu , Kusumawati Reni Diah
Published: June 2019

This article is targeting at examining the difference between the impact of culture and technology on the knowledge management (KM) practices. It holds two points: first is why the existing research relies heavily on cultural approach to KM and the second one is why technology view of KM is neglected in the past research. Most scholars have rated organizational culture highly over tech-nology (IT). This premise has been largely made in context of knowledge sharing, with technology enabling this transfer. As KM matured from sharing to creating knowledge, scholarly views, however, have remained unchanged. This stubborn viewpoint—culture precedes technology—weighs behaviours and attitudes, collectively called culture, compared to the technology thus, limiting its scope. This research attempts to find out if KM practitioners agree to this notion. Whose contribution they value more—culture or technology? Our research assessed the role of culture and technology, individually, for their impact/contribution to overall KM practice. We found practitioners testifying against the above hypothesis, giving credit largely to technology for KM success in their organizations, over culture. Our research further outlines the reasons why culture has taken the backseat and what contribution technology has been making to successful KM practice.
Structural Breaks in Volatility Transmission from Developed Markets to Major Asian Emerging Markets
Authors: Kumar Dilip
Published: June 2019

The study investigates the volatility transmission from developed markets (the United States [US], the United Kingdom [UK] and Japan) to the major Asian emerging markets (India, China, Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia) during a period from 1996 to 2015. We make use of the opening, high, low and closing prices to estimate unbiased extreme value volatility estimator and implement heterogeneous autoregressive distributed lag (HAR-DL) framework to study the spillover effects. Based on time-varying spillover analysis, we observe sudden changes in the spillover effect during the periods of major crises. Initially, we find evidence of contagion during the period of global financial crisis of 2007–2009. However, after accounting for conditional heteroscedasticity, we observe a decline in the strength of volatility transmission from developed markets to the Asian emerging markets. Moreover, the initial evidence of contagion is not detectable anymore. We also test the economic significance of the findings by implementing three trading strategies based on risk averse and risk-taking investors that make use of the forecasted variance based on HAR-DL specification. Our findings indicate that substantial average annualised gains in returns can be earned based on the lagged volatility components of the USA and the UK.

JEL Classification: C32, C58, G01, G15
The ‘Common Core’ of administrative laws in Europe: A framework for analysis
Authors: della Cananea Giacinto , Bussani Mauro
Published: June 2019

This essay presents the framework for new comparative research in the field of administrative law, with a focus on the European legal area. It is divided into two parts. In Part I, we argue that some difficulties that beset the traditional uses of the comparative method are even more evident when considering the field of administrative law. Accordingly, a methodological shift is needed in more than one sense. First, instead of focusing on either similarities or differences between national legal systems, both analogies and differences must be considered. Second, legal comparison, properly intended, differs from a mere juxtaposition of national administrative laws. Third, the overemphasis on legislation is even less justified in the field of administrative law, which calls for careful attention to judicial and institutional practices. In this perspective, we briefly illustrate the methodology grounded in a factual approach that has been developed in the field of comparative private law in the last few decades and the way we are going to apply it into our research on administrative law, viewed through a procedural lens. In Part II we discuss the main pillars that characterize our research concerning administrative law: first, its goal, which is the advancement of knowledge; second, the choice to focus on administrative procedure, instead of judicial review of administrative action; third, the methodology, which combines a synchronic comparison, concerning modern legal systems, with a diachronic comparison, that is to say a retrospective on some aspects of the history of legal institutions that look particularly relevant; and fourth, the choice of the legal systems selected for comparison, including a variety of states and a non-state, the European Union.
Forensic patients, treating psychiatrist and the Mental Health Review Tribunal – An ethical question?
Authors: Maheshwari Rajesh , Skinner Yvonne
Published: June 2019

Objective:

In inpatient forensic settings, a psychiatrist is expected to wear ‘Two Hats’, as a treating physician and as an expert to provide risk assessments and expert advice to the judicial authorities for leave and release decisions. Although dual roles have long been accepted as an inevitable part of independent forensic practice, there are additional ethical challenges for the treating psychiatrist to provide an expert opinion. This paper examines the specific ethical ambiguities for a treating psychiatrist at the interface of legal process related to leave and release decisions in the treatment of forensic patients.

Conclusions:

While respect for justice is the prevailing ethical paradigm for court-related forensic work, the medical paradigm should remain the key ethical framework for psychiatrists in treatment settings. Thus, psychiatrist should be aware of possible adverse consequences in acting as forensic experts for their patients. A conscientious adherence to clinical facts and awareness of the ‘Two Hats’ ethical pitfall can serve as important reference points in framing the psychiatric evidence in the decision-making process and safeguard treating psychiatrist’s role.
An Integrative Review of School-Based Mental Health Interventions and Implications for Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures
Authors: Tanner Andrea , Miller Wendy R. , Gaudecker Jane von , Buelow Janice M.
Published: June 2019

Millions of students with mental health concerns attend school each day. It is unknown how many of those students experience psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES); however, quality of life, academic, and mental health outcomes for students experiencing PNES can be bleak. Currently, no authors have addressed potential school nurse interventions for students with PNES. Because PNES is a mental health condition and is often influenced by underlying anxiety and/or depression, an integrative review of school nurse interventions and outcomes for students with general mental health concerns was conducted. An integrative review resulted in the identification of 13 quantitative and 2 qualitative studies that met inclusion criteria. The findings from this review suggest school nurses, following principles from the Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice, play an active role in mental health interventions and should be involved in replicating and testing known mental health interventions to investigate their effectiveness for students with PNES.