bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Foot Bath on Sleep Quality in the Elderly: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Demirağ Hatice , Cin Aynur , Hintistan Sevilay
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study was conducted as a single-blind, randomized controlled parallel-group study with 50 elderly individuals to investigate the effect of foot bath on sleep quality.

Methods: The data were collected using the “Elderly Information Form” and the “Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)” between 1 May 2022-1 July 2022 at a State Hospital in Gümüşhane province. The elderly in the foot bath group were given a foot bath with 41-42°C water for 20 minutes 50 minutes before normal sleep hours. No application was made to the control group except for the administration of data collection tools. The data were analyzed with Chi-square, Friedman, Wilcoxon Sign, and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results: It was determined that at least one of the total PSQI measurements and median scores of all subcomponents obtained from the elderly in the foot bath group differed depending on time (P.05). Again, All PSQI subcomponents and total PSQI scores, except for the subcomponent “Habitual Sleep Efficiency (C4)”, decreased throughout the application in the elderly in the foot bath group.

Conclusion: As a result, a foot bath improved sleep quality in the elderly. In line with the findings from this study, it is recommended to compare the foot bath with multiple experimental groups for a longer period of time.
Patient Satisfaction in Alternative, Holistic, and Complementary Treatment Centers: The Case of Istanbul
Authors: Makar Zehra , Girginer Nuray
Published: January 2025

As in all sectors, patients in the healthcare sector have become more selective when choosing healthcare services, as they expect to receive value for the money they spend. This study aims to measure the level of satisfaction of patients who visit healthcare centers offering alternative, holistic, and complementary treatments in Istanbul. A survey was conducted with 436 individuals who visited alternative, holistic, and complementary treatment centers in Istanbul. The findings show that patients prioritize improving their quality of life and reducing pain with alternative treatments. Most participants expressed satisfaction with timely service, convenient appointment options, and the supportive attitudes of physicians and staff.
Reflection of Toxic Authority: Mediating Role of Perceived Victimization in the Relationship between Dark Leadership and Inner Resignation
Authors: Taş Mehmet Ali , Turan Onur
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the relationship between dark leadership, perceived victimization, and inner resignation from the perspective of employees of public institutions. For this purpose, data were collected from 385 public institution employees using the survey technique. The findings showed that dark leadership has a positive relationship with inner resignation and perceived victimization. In addition, a positive relationship was also found between inner resignation and perceived victimization. The remarkable finding of the study is that perceived victimization plays a mediating role in the relationship between dark leadership and inner resignation. The study provides evidence of the existence of dark leadership in public institutions and emphasizes the need for positive leadership in organizations. Thus, the results offer important implications for managers and researchers.
Evaluation of the quality, reliability, readability of websites on temporomandibular joint pain
Authors: Eser Mısır Selcen , Dalgalı Evli Perihan , Topsakal Kübra Gülnur , Kurun Aksoy Merve
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, quality, and readability of websites providing information on temporomandibular joint pain.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: An internet search was performed on Google Chrome (Google, Mountain View, California, USA) on June 9, 2023, with the keywords “jaw pain”
and the links of the first 50 websites were saved. Four different evaluation tools the DISCERN instrument, The Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP), the
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark, Readability Index were used to evaluate 37 sites that met the inclusion criteria. SPSS 25 statistical
software was used for the statistical analyses and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Within the scope of the study, the first 50 websites were registered and a total of 37 websites met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. The mean
values for DISCERN, EQIP, and the JAMA index were 2.05±0.911, 62.4±11.6 and 0.486±0.692, respectively. In addition, those with high credibility constituted %5.4
(n=2) of the total number of sites and %50 (n=1) of these sites were uploaded by private hospitals, and %50 (n=1) by blogs (web logs).
CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the quality, reliability and readability of websites providing information about jaw pain on the
internet vary but are at a medium-low level. Professional associations and organizations, such as the Turkish Orthodontic Society (TOD), may conduct similar research
and publish the results to ensure the quality and reliability of the information in publicly available online resources.
Key Issues in the Intellectual Property Court's Presidium Rulings
Authors: Kolzdorf Maria , Kapyrina Natalia , Goloiad Nikolai
Published: January 2025

The authors review key positions in the rulings of the Presidium of the Russian Intellectual Property Court (IPC) issued between October and December of 2023. The Chamber hears cassation appeals against the decisions of the IPC first instance and deals primarily, but not only, with matters of registration and validity of industrial property rights. Therefore, the review predominantly covers substantive requirements for patent and trademark protection, as well as procedural issues both in the administrative adjudicating mechanism at the Patent Office (Rospatent) and at the IPC itself. Apart of it, the current review encompasses a variety of aspects related to trademark law and to various procedural matters covering activities of the Rospatent and the Intellectual Property Court.
From civic mobilization to armed struggle: Tracing the roots of the Karabakh movement
Authors: Smbatyan Hayk
Published: January 2025

Prior to the outbreak of the first Nagorno-Karabakh war in 1991, the South Caucasus region had been seeing a gradually amplifying mass mobilization of ethnic Armenians, turning into a civil uprising known as the Karabakh movement. This paper examines the dynamics through which the civic movement evolved into a violent armed conflict, consequently nailing down the groundwork of what is now known to be one of the most intractable conflicts in the post-Soviet region. To trace the processes that translated cross-ethnic relations into mass mobilization, the study builds upon qualitative primary data, coupled with an extensive examination of secondary evidence. The study identifies motivating factors such as economic, political, and socio-cultural horizontal inequalities across ethnic lines as the core drivers of collective grievances. Repressive state measures as well as the Soviet glasnost and perestroika policies are observed as enabling factors further boosting the legitimization of the civic movement claims. This paper subscribes to a context-bound approach of studying intractable conflicts, and by addressing the theoretical gap between data on objective inequality and data on perceived inequality, marries local knowledge of rather marginalized conflicts with the wider academic discourse.
The cruising past of men seeking same-sex encounters under Albanian communism
Authors: Millona Kristina
Published: January 2025

Despite the growing sexuality-related scholarship on Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), the history of non-normative sexualities under state socialism remains theorized mainly through totalizing narratives. These problematic discourses have contributed to the theorization of LGBT+ experience in the CEE region solely through narratives of oppression, criminalization, and persecution of homosexuality, therefore emptying the history of CEE from any development of LGBT+ activism and by rendering the existence of non-normative sexualities even more invisible. I argue that in contrast to such essentialist representations, which in turn are juxtaposed with representations of the West as a homoerotic paradise, there were also different forms of political resistance that contributed to sexual emancipation in state-socialist countries. For this reason, I depart from Western-centric understandings of conventional forms of political organizing and take as a vantage point the cruising areas where men sought to fulfill same-sex desires under the oppressive regime in communist Albania. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, I conceptualize these urban spaces not only as areas of sexual encounter but as grounds of political resistance, therefore ‘queering’ the forms of grassroots politics within the geo-temporality of state-socialism in Albania.
Politics of queer life writing in contemporary Poland
Authors: Tosiek Antonina , Warkocki Błażej , Marzec Lucyna
Published: January 2025

The article presents the analysis of the first comprehensive volume of memoirs Cała siła, jaką czerpię na życie. Świadectwa, relacje, pamiętniki osób LGBTQ+ [All the Power I Draw for Life. Testimonies, Accounts, Memoirs of LGBTQ+ People in Poland] (2022). It is a landmark volume in many respects. It is the first of its kind, a comprehensive (nearly 1,000 pages) selection of memoirs that were sent to a competition announced in 2020 by the LGBT+ History and Identities Research Laboratory at the Institute of Applied Social Sciences at the University of Warsaw. Therefore, they have become part of the long Polish tradition of diaries written for a competition announced by state institutions, a tradition dating back to the interwar period (diaries of peasants, Jewish youth, the unemployed, etc.). At the same time, the diaries were published at a very politically sensitive moment, when homophobia became an element of global politics, including the construction of East/West European distinctions. The published collection of diaries thus becomes a unique, autonomous and empowered voice of the LGBTQ+ community from Central and Eastern Europe in a contemporary, hostile, geopolitical context.
Harmony expired: Why did the main mouthpiece of Latvia’s minorities fail during the 2022 parliamentary election?
Authors: Kascian Kiryl
Published: January 2025

Latvia is a small European state with a significant minority constituency. Minorities form a significant element of its political landscape, characterized by a cleavage between ethnic Latvians and the so-called Russophones. For over a decade, the political representation of Latvia’s minorities was dominated by Harmony, an integrationist social-democratic political party that mobilized the electorate beyond ethnic cleavage. This study analyzes Harmony’s campaign messages delivered by the party’s key figures during the 2022 parliamentary election to identify the drivers of failure. It argues that Harmony’s tactics overlook the challenges of political rivals, including those with similar constituency characteristics. The analysis of the sustainability of Harmony’s electorate includes a comparison of the party’s electoral performance during all campaigns from the 2006 to 2022 parliamentary elections, with a specific focus on Riga and Latgale, the party’s electoral strongholds. This finding suggests that integrationist parties are increasingly vulnerable to changes in the political environment caused by altered domestic and international political contexts.
The legitimation of international organizations in the media in Eurasian post-socialist countries
Authors: Rybinski Krzysztof , Ring Orsolya
Published: January 2025

The paper presents the first-ever big data analysis of International Organisations (IOs) legitimation in the media in Eurasian post-socialist countries. We use text mining and regression analysis to quantify intensity, tone, and narrative in the media as three critical dimensions of legitimation. The model is applied to a corpus of 1.3 million newspaper articles from six countries and twelve IOs. We show that contrary to earlier studies covering established democracies, the tone of articles on IOs is predominantly positive. Articles mentioning influential domestic politicians contribute to the delegitimation of the IOs featured, except in Poland.
Communicating community
Authors: Dmytryk Olena S.
Published: January 2025

This article explores the interrelation between the lives and politics of trans* people in former Soviet countries and the development of the Internet. I argue that while there were possibilities for communication and connection for trans* people during Soviet times, the arrival of the Internet expanded these possibilities. Turning to media archaeology as a methodology, I investigate how early versions of the Internet shaped (digital) trans* communities and how these communities influenced knowledge production. I show that early Internet trans* users were involved in collaborative mutual aid practices that were fostered by the digital cultures of the time, Internet architecture, and earlier offline cultures. Focusing on a case study from Ukraine, the article highlights how trans* Internet users were (and continue to be) active contributors to global knowledge production and medical and technological innovation, fostering a collective ethos vital for trans* communities. I also point to the impact of the Internet’s evolution and geopolitical changes on contemporary trans* communities.
Çocuklarda zaman kavramının gelişimiyle Helenistik felsefedeki zaman kavramsallaştırılması arasındaki ilişki
Authors: Durna Feride , Sabido Codina Judit , Şimşek Ahmet
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmanın amacı, modern araştırmalara göre çocuklarda yaşa bağlı gerçekleşen zaman kavramının gelişim özellikleriyle Antik Yunan mitolojisinin zamana ilişkin tanrıları olarak kabul edilen Aion, Kairos ve Kronos’un zamansal temsilleri arasındaki ilişkiyi irdelemektir. Bilindiği gibi zaman kavramı bireylerde kendiliğinden ortaya çıkmaz, her toplumda kültüre bağlı olarak belirir ve biçimlenir. Çocuğun ailede başlayan zaman kavramına ilişkin öğrenme süreci, okulda sistemli biçimde sürse de toplumun gündelik yaşamındaki işlevine göre şekillenir. Her ne kadar modern dünya işleyişini katı bir zaman bilinci üzerine kursa da zaman algısı toplumsal ve kültürel temelli olarak çeşitlenir. Antik Yunan mitolojisinden Helenizm düşüncesine geçen değerler arasında üç farklı tanrı üzerinden zaman temsili de vardır. Bu üç tanrının, zamanın farklı yönlerini ve farklı işlevlerini temsil ettiği kabul edilir. Buradan kaynaklandığı düşünülen Helenistik düşüncedeki zaman kavramı, yalnızca fiziksel bir süreklilik değil, aynı zamanda bir bilinç ve varoluş sorunu olarak da görülür. Bu çalışmada önce Antik Yunan mitolojisinde zamanın temsili, Aion, Kairos ve Kronos üzerinden açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra çocuklarda genel ve tarihsel zaman kavramının gelişimsel özellikleri literatürden hareketle belirlenmiştir. Sonrasında ise çocukta yaşa bağlı ortaya çıkan tarihsel zaman kavramının gelişimsel durumu ile Yunan mitolojisinin zaman tanrılarının özellikleri arasında bir bağ kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Helenistik zaman anlayışının, üç farklı biçimde zaman temsilini ve bunların etkileşimini içerdiği, öznel zaman algısını vurguladığı ve bu durumun zamansal sınırların ötesinde geniş bir farkındalık sunduğu görülmüştür. Zaman kavramının farklı yapıları ve bunların bireysel ve kolektif hafıza üzerindeki etkilerini ele alan bu çalışmanın, Helenistik zaman kavramlarının birey ve toplum üzerindeki etkilerini anlamada yeni bir perspektif sunduğu düşünülmektedir.
The effect of a unit prepared with a global history approach on the academic success of high school students: The example of the unit on Türkiye and the World during World War II
Authors: Gülmez Abdurrahman , Ata Bahri
Published: January 2025

The global history approach emerged as a method for understanding the interactions and connections that have shaped the modern world, preventing fragmentation and providing a specific perspective on world-building. In this study, the global history approach, which has rapidly developed within the discipline of history and has become widespread not only in the United States but also in Europe and Asia, was examined and its effect on the academic achievement of high school students was analysed. This research, in which a quasi-experimental design was used, was limited to a total of 6 lesson hours for 3 weeks, taking into account the acquisitions of the unit. While the unit reflecting the global history perspective was applied to the students in the experimental group, the unit in the current history curriculum was presented to the students in the control group. High school 12th grade students, who were thought to be suitable for the subject and purpose of the study, were determined as the study group. In this context, the 5th unit of the Turkish Revolution History and Kemalism textbook, ‘Türkiye and the World in the World War II Process’ unit, and three different public schools, namely vocational and technical Anatolian High School, Anatolian High School and Anatolian Imam Hatip High School in İpekyolu district of Van province, were selected as schools. In the study, achievement test was applied to the students in both experimental and control groups as pre-test and post-test. The achievement test, consisting of 30 questions in total, was selected from the questions related to the research topic between 1998 and 2022 by ÖSYM. As a result of the research, it was determined that the history unit prepared with the global history approach had a significant and positive effect on the academic achievement of high school students.
Characterization of the Photon Conversion Factor, Noise, and Dynamic Range of Light Microscope Detection Systems v1
Authors: McFadden David , Barna Laszlo , Acevedo-Hueso Luis-Francisco , V Avilov Sergiy , Bakker Gert-Jan , Beer Sebastian , Belyaev Ivan , Berno Valeria , T Carvalho Mariana , Cesbron Yann , Chiritescu Catalin , Faklaris Orestis , Gaudreault Nathalie , Grunwald David , Guilbert Thomas , Hammer Mathias , Heintzmann Rainer , Holst Gerhard , Aslihan Koksoy Ayse , G Martins Gabriel , Nelson Glyn , Nitschke Roland , L Payne-Dwyer Alex , Podder Santosh , Srinivasan Sathya , van der Oord Kees , Zeug Andre , Schroth-Diez Britta
Published: January 2025

The protocols in this collection describe how to measure and analyze the photon conversation factor (PCF photo-electrons/count), readnoise, and dynamic range of a light microscopy detection system; which can either be a point detector or an area detector, using an in-homogeneous detector illumination scheme (as opposed to uniform illumination). The collection includes protocols on how to prepare a suitable sample for the acquisition, how to acquire data, as well as a respective analysis protocol. There are three aims a detection system can be characterized for, briefly: Aim 1 - experiment QC: Characterize the microscope performance using detection settings that match the experiment. Aim 2 - instrument QC.: Monitoring of microscope performance over time for service purposes, to maintain image quality constant and at high level. Aim 3 - system characterization: Full characterization of detection path performance under the range of settings applied by users. For a more detailed description refer to protocol 1. Introduction - Background and Aims. This protocol collection represents the collective experience of over 100 imaging scientists and industry experts. Measurements made by our working group with these protocols will be available in a public database. Please note, that this is an evolving document, to be versioned and updated, based on community feedback and new data.
Pulldown of protein aggregates with a biotinylated peptide v1
Authors: Sitron Cole , Yuste Checa Patricia
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this protocol is to test whether monomeric or aggregated versions of a protein can bind to a peptide. This is tested by performing a pulldown using an affinity reagent that consists of a biotinylated peptide conjugated to streptavidin beads. This protocol describes how to perform this pulldown with α-syn and Aβ42 monomers and aggregates as prey, but the same pulldown protocol could be extended to any prey of interest. The endpoint of this protocol is the production of input, flow-through, and eluate fractions from the pulldown, which can be analyzed by SDS-PAGE and/or immunoblot.
In vitro coimmunoprecipitation between CHMP2B and alpha-synuclein v1
Authors: Sitron Cole , Ulrich Hartl F
Published: January 2025

This protocol details an in vitro coimmunoprecipitation between recombinant CHMP2B and different alpha-synuclein species - either monomers or fibrils. The goal of the experimental setup described herein is to assess which alpha-synuclein species CHMP2B preferentially binds.
Türkiye’de ve Güney Afrika’da Faaliyet Gösteren Katılım Bankalarının Finansal Performanslarının Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Analiz Edilmesi: 2022-2023 Dönemi ENTROPİ-EDAS Modeli Örneği
Authors: Yavuz İbrahim
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de ve Güney Afrika'da faaliyet gösteren katılım bankalarının 2022 ve 2023 yılı finansal performansının Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) tekniklerinden ENTROPİ ve EDAS yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesidir. Kriter ağırlıklarının belirlenmesinde ENTROPİ, alternatiflerin performans sıralamalarının belirlenmesinde EDAS yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Finansal performansın ölçülmesinde altı adet kriter kullanılmıştır. ENTROPİ sonuçlarına göre, 2022 ve 2023 yıllarında en önemli kriter, toplam aktifler (K1) olmuştur. Toplam borç/toplam aktif, kriterlerin önem ağırlığı sıralamasında her iki yılda da altıncı sırada yer almıştır. EDAS sonuçlarına göre, Güney Afrika’da faaliyet gösteren Standart Bank, 2022 ve 2023’te en iyi finansal performans gösteren katılım bankası olmuştur. Her iki yılda, Albaraka Bank ikinci, ABSA üçüncü ve HBZ Bank dördüncü sırada yer almıştır. 2022 ve 2023’te; Emlak Katılım Bankası 5., Albaraka Türk Katılım Bankası 6., Türkiye Finans Katılım Bankası 7., Vakıf Katılım Bankası 8., Ziraat Katılım Bankası 9. ve Kuveyt Türk Katılım Bankası 10. sırada yer almıştır.
Comparison Of High-Tech Industries In Newly Industrialized Countries
Authors: Demir Gökçe , Aydın Üzeyir
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to measure the competitiveness of Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs) in high-technology manufacturing industries. For this purpose, Ballassa's Revealed Comparative Advantage (BRCA) index, a static comparison, was first calculated. Subsequently, the dynamic comparison of the change in the Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index cross-country variation was calculated. The analysis revealed that India in ''basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations''; the Philippines in ''computer, electronics, and optical products''; and Brazil in '' manufacturing of air and spacecraft and related machinery'' had the highest competitiveness. It is concluded that Türkiye's overall competitive advantage is weak compared to other NICs. These conclusions are of significant importance for understanding the global competitiveness of high-technology industries in NICs and for guiding future policy decisions.
victorious high priest in the African context
Authors: Urga Abeneazer G.
Published: January 2025

Scholars have proposed several atonement theories to describe what Christ has achieved through the incarnation, particularly through his death—Recapitulation, Example, Moral Influence, Ransom, Christus Victor, Penal Substitution, and Government theories. However, the discussion of atonement theories reveals that scholars favour and advocate for one theory. The Christus Victor and Penal Substitutionary atonement theories are often pitted against each other. This article examines Hebrews 2:14–18, using a historical, grammatical, and literary method. The passage depicts Jesus’s sacrificial death for the sins of God’s people and his victory over the devil and death through his incarnation. Contrary to the common tendency of scholars to pit the Christus Victor model and Christ’s atoning substitution against each other, in the present pericope, the author of Hebrews illustrates the integration of Christus Victor and substitutionary atonement theories as complementary aspects of Jesus’s incarnation. The article also showcases the integration of victory and sacrifice in African Christian songs that perceive Jesus as a victorious High Priest who died as a substitute and freed his people from the domination of the devil and death. The article proposes that the Christus Victor and Penal Substitutionary atonement models are not mutually exclusive but should be understood synergistically.
Egzersiz Erteleme Ölçeğinin Türkçe Versiyonunun Psikometrik Özellikleri
Authors: Köse Elif , Kayhan Abdullah , Dinçer Başak , Kayhan Burcu , Yerlisu Lapa Tennur
Published: January 2025

Egzersizin ertelenmesi obezite, kalp damar hastalıkları, kronik hastalıklar ve mental rahatsızlıklar gibi ciddi sağlık sorunlarına yol açabilmektedir. Literatürde geliştirilen ölçekler iş erteleme, akademik erteleme, karar vermeyi erteleme gibi konulara odaklanmasına rağmen egzersizi erteleme ile ilgili sınırlı sayıda ölçme aracı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kelly ve Walton tarafından geliştirilen Egzersiz Erteleme Ölçeğinin Türk kültüründe geçerliği ve güvenilirliğinin test edilmesidir. Üç aşamadan oluşan çalışmada Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi için 406 katılımcıya (Ortyaş=22±2.85); Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi için 395 (Ortyaş=23.55±6.64) katılımcıya; ölçme değişmezliği için 1114 (Ortyaş=32.92±11.30) katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Karar Vermeyi Erteleme Eğilimi Ölçeği, Genel Erteleme Ölçeği ve Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi kullanılmıştır. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Horn’un paralel analizi sonuçları Egzersiz Erteleme Ölçeğinin Türk kültüründe de tek faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ve yapıyı %81.420 açıkladığını ortaya koymuştur. Ölçeğin Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi sonuçları ise 2/sd=4.07; RMSEA (90%CI) =.089 (.033-.13); NFI=.99; NNFI=,98; CFI=.99; SRMR=.017 olarak yapı geçerliğinin sağlandığını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte ölçme değişmezliği sonuçları yapısal ve metrik değişmezlik için (∆CFI≤.010; RMSEA≤.015; ∆SRMR≤.030) koşulların AVE ve CR değerleri ise (AVE>.841; CR>.856; CR>AVE) yakınsak geçerliğin sağlandığını göstermektedir. Eş zaman geçerliği için bakılan tüm ilişkiler anlamlıdır (p=.000). Çalışmanın test-tekrar test sonuçları .94; çalışmanın iç güvenirliği ise .95 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak kişilerin egzersiz erteleme davranışlarını ortaya koymak için kullanılan bu ölçme aracının geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu ifade edilebilir.
Semiotic Analysis of Hate Discourse in Spanish Digital News Media: Biden’s Inauguration Case Study
Authors: Römer-Pieretti Max , Said-Hung Elías , Montero-Díaz Julio
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes hate in Spanish digital media from a semiotic standpoint by focusing on the coverage and discourse of Joe Biden’s inauguration as the US President in January 2021 by El País, La Vanguardia, ABC, El Mundo, and 20Minutos in Spain on the X platform. The event drew significant attention from international and Spanish media. A qualitative investigation was conducted on the interactions, denotations, connotations, and semiosis related to hate in the Spanish media and their followers. The analysis, which is based on a semiotic matrix from Greimas and Courtés (1979), Greimas (1976), Barthes (1970), Kristeva (1969), and Lyotard (1979/2019), and was developed by the authors, covered 661 news items and 721 literal fragments and generated 2,074 interactions for examination. This study offers a semiotic framework for understanding how hate expressions are constructed and disseminated in digital media. It is crucial to recognize the narrative structures that promote the dissemination of hate expression in news content published by digital media on social media platforms. A scenario emerges in which fear, politically charged expressions, and terms aimed at accusing, discrediting, or undervaluing the recipients of such messages become tools for spreading content. Therefore, digital news media must review their content moderation practices to better manage the discussions generated concerning the news that they publish in the current digital landscape. This landscape is dominated not only by hostility rather than violence toward social groups represented by news protagonists but also by people who are used to promoting narratives filled with stereotypes and prejudices through dehumanization or demonization.
Performance Comparison of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Different Magnet Configuration Used in Electric Vehicle
Authors: Balta Bektaş Aybars , Ayçiçek Engin , Aydeniz Mustafa Gürkan , Dedecan Hacı
Published: January 2025

Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, increasing environmental pollution, and global warming, the use of electric vehicles is becoming more widespread. Electric vehicles offer numerous advantages, including high efficiency, quiet and vibration-free operation, and being environmentally friendly. Electric motors provide high power density and a wide torque-speed range. Therefore, many engineering studies, analyses, and comparisons are conducted for electric motors used in electric vehicles. In this study, modeling and analyses of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors with different magnet configurations were carried out, taking as a reference an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor used in a mass-produced and well-selling electric vehicle. At the end of the study, structures with different magnet configurations were compared in terms of performance characteristics such as torque, torque ripple, and efficiency.
Psychological Preparation of Students for Extreme Situations using Virtual Reality
Authors: Skorobogatova T.N. , Margolin A.D.
Published: January 2025

The article considers the results of the study of psychological preparation of students — extreme profile psychologists for situations of special risk through special organized training using virtual reality. Subjects: 38 students aged 20 to 24 years, including 29 females. The subjects were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Research methods: method “Forecast”, method of differential diagnostics of depressive states by V.A. Zhmurov, method “Assessment of neuropsychic stress”, diagnostics of slowing down of biological aging using the program “Anti-aging XXI” (T.N. Berezina). Methods of mathematical statistics: calculation of descriptive statistics, calculation of the Mann-Whitney U criterion, calculation of the Spearman correlation coefficient. Methods of experimental influence: seven VR simulators of different influences (flight simulator, depth, altitude, speed, darkness, etc.). Results. There is a relationship between motivation for activity in extreme conditions and personal resources: a direct relationship with the “achievement” resource and an inverse relationship with the risk level. The VR training we developed actualizes these resources. Increased achievements are ensured by the fact that respondents successfully complete tasks in extreme situations simulated in VR. Risk reduction is ensured by adaptation to extreme situations during the training. After the training, the subjects of the experimental group showed a significant decrease in the level of depression and an increase in the motivational and emotional components of readiness for action in an extreme situation. Conclusion: to increase motivation for activity in an extreme environment, it is necessary to increase the “achievement” resource, and for the “risk” resource, it is necessary to achieve its replacement with a conscious attitude to the situation. Virtual reality technologies have proven their effectiveness in increasing personal resources and preparing psychology students for activity in extreme conditions.
Methods of Psychological Self-Regulation as a Means of Preventing Unfavorable Conditions in Professional Activities
Authors: Morozova M.I. , Kupchik K.V. , Yashneva M.Yu.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study was to analyze existing methods of self-regulation for the prevention of negative conditions and, on its basis, to select the most effective method of self-regulation and test it for representatives of high-risk professions. The research conducted in 2024, involved 28 reserve officers (average age 25 (+2,5) years; 100% men). The subjects were equally divided into 2 groups: experimental and control randomly. Methods: assessment of the state of reduced performance (DORS, the scale of neuropsychic tension (T.N. Nemchin), the questionnaire of the degree of chronic fatigue (A.B. Leonova). Method of experimental influence: progressive muscle relaxation (in our modification). Two sessions were conducted, lasting 20 minutes, according to the following scheme: scanning, tension, and then relaxation of certain muscle groups and repeated scanning. Statistical methods: comparative analysis by the Mann-Whitney criterion, differential analysis ANOVA (Fisher criterion) (independent variable: muscle relaxation training — we identified 2 levels in it. 1 — without training, 2 — with training; dependent variable — unfavorable mental states), arithmetic mean of all indicators, standard deviation of indicators, comparative analysis by the Wilcoxon criterion. All calculations were performed using the STATISTICA program. Results: the most pronounced unfavorable states in reserve officers were: neuropsychic tension, monotony, satiety and stress. After the training, there was a reliable decrease in the level of monotony and the degree of chronic fatigue. Conclusion: the method of progressive muscle relaxation (in our modification) has a positive effect on such unfavorable conditions as satiety and the degree of chronic fatigue and can be used as a preventive measure for these negative conditions in reserve officers undergoing training in a military registration specialty.
The Pollyanna Effect: The role of positive personal and group identity defense mechanisms
Authors: Nestik T.A.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To study the socio-psychological mechanisms supporting the effect of linguistic positivity and its dynamics in crisis conditions.
Background. In the context of increasing hard-to-control climatic, military, economic and technological threats, research aimed at identifying the psychological mechanisms underlying the willingness of individuals and groups to positively evaluate themselves, their group and the world is becoming increasingly important. One of the results of such mechanisms is the Pollyanna effect – the tendency of people to give preference to positive information, manifested in assessments of the present, memories of the past and expectations about the future, and reflected in the prevalence of positive words over negative in the vocabulary of the language.
Conclusions. Individual, interpersonal and group socio-psychological mechanisms of the linguistic positivity effect have been identified, among which the former are much better studied than the others. At the individual level, the Pollyanna effect is supported by patterns of perception of positive and negative information, emotion counter-regulation, coping mechanisms, and positive illusions that protect the positive identity of the individual. At the interpersonal level, these mechanisms are shared positive experiences, interpersonal attraction, and trust. At the group level – group identification, positive group emotions and mechanisms supporting positive evaluation of one's group: ingroup favoritism, perceptual refences, construction of collective memory and collective image of the future. The assumption that the contribution of group identity to the Pollyanna effect increases in crises associated with the experience of hard-to-control threat and collective trauma is stated. Promising directions of socio-psychological research in this area are outlined. The results of our empirical research indicate that group identity participates in the processes of emotional self-regulation and mobilization of psychological resources when experiencing an uncontrollable threat, reducing the level of individual and collective anxiety. Promising directions of socio-psychological research in this area are outlined.
Theoretical and Methodological Framework of Typologization of Digital Identity
Authors: Persidskaya O.A.
Published: January 2025

Objective. The purpose of the article is to develop a theoretical and methodological framework for typologization a person’s digital identity based on the following criteria: 1) the role of the digital environment and digital device; 2) the position of the person’s event center; 3) the position of the center of human self-determination.
Background. The digital environment is becoming such a significant sphere of modern man’s existence, that it determines the peculiarity of the social situation of the development of a modern man at different age stages, and determining the cultural and historical specifics of the development of higher mental functions and processes. In accordance with these transformations, a trend in academic research related to the building of a new conceptual framework for understanding a changing person is emerging. The author focuses on the foundations of ideas about the digital identity of the individual, which are formed in socio-psychological and anthropological studies. It is shown that research optics in identifying the content parameters of this identity is often narrowed, which leads to the reduction of a complex, multi–component education – the identity of a person in the digital world – to a separate part, which is not enough to build a complex image of a modern man.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific methods of analysis, comparison and typologization. The understanding of the types of digital identity is based on the foundations of the modern interpretation of the Cultural and Historical Approach applied to the peculiarities of the digital environment as a significant sphere of human existence.
Conclusions. The theoretical and methodological framework for typologizing the digital identity of a person based on criteria of the role of the digital environment and digital device; the position of the event center of a person; the position of the center of human self-determination is presented A number of types of digital identity are described through set of appropriate scenarios of human behavior in the digital environment: 1) a person with a completed mind; 2) a person with digital physicality; 3) an algorithmic person; 4) a returning person and 5) an information tramp.
Social Beliefs and Foundations for Moral Choice as Predictors of Civic Identity in Adolescence
Authors: Miklyaeva A.V. , Samoilov O.M.
Published: January 2025

Objective. The analysis of social beliefs and the foundations for moral choice as predictors of the civic identity of adolescents.
Background. Despite the expressed interest of researchers in the patterns of formation of civic identity in adolescence, at this stage there is no unambiguous data on the influence of social beliefs and foundations for moral choice on the civic identity of Russian adolescents.
Study design. A comparative and correlation analysis was carried out to describe the characteristics of the respondents' social beliefs, foundations for moral choice and civic identity. Using the structural equation modeling method, predictors of the civic identity of adolescents of different genders were identified (taking into account their age and gender).
Participants. The sample consisted of 424 respondents aged 14–18 years, including 189 boys and 235 girls. The study participants are students of schools, colleges and higher educational institutions in Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad region.
Measurements. The following methods were used in the study: "Social axioms" by M. Bond and K. Leung in the adaptation by A.N. Tatarko and N.M. Lebedeva, the scale "Faith in a just world" by K. Dalbert in the adaptation by S.K. Nartova-Bochaver and N.B. Astanina, the method "Moral foundations" by J. Graham and J. Haidt, adapted by O.V. Sychev et al., "The Valence of Civic Identity" by N.M. Lebedeva and A.N. Tatarko.
Results. According to the obtained model (χ2 = 110, df = 43, p < 0,01, CFI = 0,88, RMSEA = 0,06), positive predictors of civic identity in adolescents are the basis of moral choice "Loyalty", social axioms "Reward for efforts" and "Control over fate"; indicators of the foundation for moral choice make a negative contribution "Justice" and "Respect", and the influence of the latter weakens as teenagers grow up. Specific predictors of the civic identity of adolescent girls are the individual foundation for moral choice ("Care" and "Justice"), as well as the social axioms "Social complexity" and "Reward for efforts"; for adolescent boys, the specific predictors of civic identity turned out to be the social axiom "Social cynicism", as well as "Loyalty" as a rallying factor a moral foundation.
Conclusions. The structure of predictors of civic identity, represented by social axioms and the foundations of moral choice, partially differs for male and female adolescents, and also changes slightly as adolescents grow up.
The Specifics of the Subjective Well-being of Orphans and Children Left without Parental Care in Various Conditions of Upbringing (Institutional Conditions and Conditions of a Foster Family)
Authors: Vavrik S.V.
Published: January 2025

The article is based on the results of a master's study of the subjective well-being of orphaned children and children left without parental care in various conditions of upbringing (institutionalization and foster family). The study involved 153 teenagers from organizations for orphans and children left without parental care and 151 children raised in substitute families in Primorsky Krai. The aim is to identify the specifics of subjective well–being for two forms of orphaned children. In the course of the study, risk zones and resources were identified through the severity of subdomains of subjective well-being, satisfaction levels, as well as the presence of correlations. It has been shown that a higher level of resilience is typical for adolescents raised in foster care. At the same time, an unexpected result was obtained: a higher average value of subjective well-being in general among adolescents in organizations for orphaned children than under guardianship, which may be due to new legislatively fixed requirements for the organization of living conditions and education of pupils, mandatory preparation for independent life.
Vaciamiento demográfico y cambios recientes de paisaje en los Ancares Leoneses. Abandono y asilvestramiento en una montaña marginal / Demographic emptying and recent landscape changes in the Ancares Leoneses. Abandonment and feralisation in a marginal mountain area
Authors: García de Celis Alipio , Sánchez Muñoz María Jesús
Published: January 2025

El espacio comprendido en la Reserva de la Biosfera de los Ancares Leoneses abarca cuatro municipios y una extensión total de 57.000 hectáreas, en su mayor parte de montaña media y alta en la transición bioclimática entre el área atlántica y el área mediterránea. Estas montañas llevan más de un siglo perdiendo población, estando en el momento actual en el límite del vaciamiento total. Se analiza el proceso de declive demográfico y las características actuales de envejecimiento extremo de la población. El vaciamiento ha implicado un abandono de aprovechamientos agrícolas y ganaderos, lo cual ha desencadenado un proceso de asilvestramiento del territorio, manifestado en cambios drásticos del paisaje a través de la regeneración de la vegetación natural.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Film Criticism: Balancing Advancement and Human Expertise
Authors: Szabó Helga
Published: January 2025

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has had a significant influence on diverse domains, including the discipline of film criticism. In recent times, advanced artificial intelligence models have demonstrated the capacity to scrutinize vast quantities of film-related data, encompassing evaluations, and appraisals, as well as audience attitudes and reception. Therefore, the utilization of AI in this regard can offer more advantages to both critics and audiences through the implementation of automated analysis, summarization, and recommendation systems, which provide valuable further insights into the world of movies and thus enhance a more global comprehension of films. In addition, critics can employ AI as a valuable instrument that reduces the processing time of current film criticism. However, the emergence of AI in the realm of film criticism has also prompted apprehensions regarding the possible deprivation of human intuition and creativity, the very subjective analysis, and the emotional involvement that is integral to a traditional critic’s expertise. The ongoing challenge today lies in balancing the benefits of AI-driven analysis and the irreplaceable human touch. The objective of this article is to investigate the correlation between AI and current American film criticism. Specifically, the article centers on how democratization and AI augmentation might impact the domain of conventional film criticism, leading to both a possible crisis in the field and an unprecedented advancement in the same area. It also presents and examines a new form of film analysis: automated criticism. To shed light on the topic, the present paper will engage with media and cultural studies focused, but not limited to, Lev Manovich’s theories on new media and artificial intelligence, Henry Jenkins’s concept of convergence culture, and Marshall McLuhan’s perspective on the influence of the medium on the message.
Anti-Immigration Rhetoric in the United States of America: From the Chinese Exclusion Act to Donald Trump’s First Presidential Term
Authors: Mangold Manuela
Published: January 2025

Donald Trump’s presidential campaign of 2015/16 marks a turning point in the use of inflammatory anti-immigration rhetoric. This paper will examine how this moment has once again magnified a specific type of discourse around race. Under the Trump administration, the call for immigration control at borders, building walls, as well as stopping immigration altogether for selected nationalities, has come into the center of public and political debates. However, today’s discourse on immigration, security, and exclusion can be traced back to examples of public and political discourse at various times in the history of the United States. Moreover, solutions for the immigration “problem” from the 19th and early 20th century still resonate in today’s debates on restrictions and exclusions of immigrants. The paper analyses the anti-immigration rhetoric in media products from different historical moments to trace the genealogy of exclusivist and discriminatory discourse and politics.