bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of p63/p40 Expression With Myoepithelial Markers in Minor Salivary Gland Tumors
Authors: Teixeira Lucas Novaes , Janner Évelin Caroline , Teixeira Thaís , Passador-Santos Fabrício , Martinez Elizabeth Ferreira , Demasi Ana Paula Dias , de Araújo Ney Soares , de Araújo Vera Cavalcanti
Published: November 2018

The present study aimed to compare the expression of p63/p40 with smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin (VIM) by myoepithelial cells in minor salivary gland tumors. Fifty-two formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of minor salivary gland tumors derived from intercalated duct (pleomorphic adenoma [PA], adenoid cystic carcinoma [ACC], epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma [EMC], polymorphous adenocarcinoma [PAC], and secretory carcinoma [SC]) and 3 samples of minor salivary gland tumors derived from excretory duct (mucoepidermoid carcinoma [MEC]) were evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The results indicated that p63 and p40 expression were detected in myoepithelial cells present in PA, ACC, and EMC. However, both proteins were also observed in squamous areas of PA and all cases of MEC. SMA were noticed in some myoepithelial cells of PA, ACC, and EMC. Expression of SMA was negative in the other salivary gland tumors evaluated. VIM was constantly expressed by myoepithelial cells in PA, ACC, and EMC. VIM was also observed in cells of PAC and SC, but not in squamous areas of PA and MEC. In conclusion, p63 expression is almost comparable with VIM in detecting myoepithelial cells, an immunolabeling pattern not followed by p40, and consequently, caution has to be taken during the interpretation of salivary gland tumor exhibiting an p63/p40 phenotype in order to avoid a misdiagnosis.
Multiple Myeloma 1 Transcription Factor Is Superior to CD138 as a Marker of Plasma Cells in Endometrium
Authors: Parks Robyn N. , Kim Christopher J. , Al-Safi Zain A. , Armstrong Abigail A. , Zore Temeka , Moatamed Neda A.
Published: November 2018

Chronic endometritis is characterized by plasma cell (PC) infiltration of endometrial stroma. Identification of PCs can be challenging by routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain due to the low numbers of PCs or to their being obscured by other cells in the stroma. CD138 is widely used as an ancillary immunohistochemistry stain to identify PCs; however, it has a high background reaction. In this study, multiple myeloma 1 (MUM1) transcription factor is introduced as an alternative PC marker in endometrial tissues. In this study, 311 endometrial biopsies, submitted to rule out chronic endometritis, were selected. They were divided into Group I (n = 87) and Group II (n = 224). Both had MUM1 and H&E while Group I also had accompanying CD138 stains. In both groups combined, MUM1 detected plasma cells in 48% of the cases, while CD138 and H&E identified the cells in 23% and 15% of the biopsies, respectively. In addition to having a clean background, MUM1 is a more sensitive stain than CD138 for detection of PCs in endometrium.
Strategic Alliances in the Triad: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Terpstra Vern , Simonin Bernard L.
Published: November 2018

The Triad nations—Japan, North America, and Western Europe— have emerged in recent decades. To cope with the growing international competition between these areas, firms based in these countries have formed strategic alliances, frequently with partners from another member of the Triad. This article examines these alliances to determine the patterns, similarities, and differences between alliances formed in different parts of the Triad.
Patterns and Technological Implications of Global Sourcing Strategies
Authors: Kotabe Masaaki
Published: November 2018

This study reports sourcing strategies used by European and Japanese multinational firms and their implications on the transferability of the firms’ product and manufacturing process technology. Globalization of markets has a strong impact on firms’ sourcing and marketing strategies. The results suggest the uncoupling of innovation location from actual production location. It is strongly motivated both by the growing competitive threat in the global marketplace and by the expectation of increased payoffs to rapid introduction of advanced product and manufacturing process innovations.
An Assessment of Theoretical and Methodological Development in International Marketing: 1980-1990
Authors: Aulakh Preet S. , Kotabe Masaaki
Published: November 2018

This study examines the state of the art in international marketing research published in the 1980–90 period, and probes significant changes in the field, both in terms of the substance of research and methodologies employed. A major conclusion of the previous review articles ( Albaum and Peterson 1984 ; Boddewyn 1981 ; Cavusgil and Nevin 1981) was that international marketing research had been fragmentary and exploratory without a strong theoretical framework. In this study, we find that the field has since made substantial progress both in the development of conceptual frameworks for the studies conducted and in the empirical testing of concepts and theories.
Executive Insights: The 10-Step Road Map to Success in Foreign Markets©1
Authors: Miller Myron M.
Published: November 2018

This article describes a systematic process for taking a company through the internationalization process. Based upon extensive firsthand experience with both small and large companies, the author proposes and details a step-by-step process designed to take the mystery out of the internationalization challenge and, at the same time, to minimize the risks of going international in a haphazard manner. Specific ideas and helpful tips are offered for each step.
A Comparison of Export Marketing Behavior of Canadian and Austrian High-Tech Firms
Authors: Seringhaus F.H. Rolf
Published: November 2018

Export marketing behavior of high-tech companies in Canada and Austria is examined. T-test analysis was used to compare export marketing expertise, information sources, and market research, and the findings are discussed in the context of the competitive climate for high-tech products. Results show that Austrian companies are more culturally attuned than Canadian companies and that the latter are more inwardly focused. Each group appears to emphasize different areas of expertise and market research activities. Conclusions and implications for exporters of high-tech products and researchers are offered.
An Interactive Multicriteria Approach to Identifying Potential Foreign Markets
Authors: Kumar V. , Stam Antonie , Joachimsthaler Erich A.
Published: November 2018

The authors address the issue of portfolio management in the context of an international marketing problem. Screening, identification, and selection characterize the three stages in the evaluation of potential foreign markets. The proposed methodology is used for identifying potential foreign markets. This article contributes to the existing literature in four ways: (a) it integrates the past research on international market evaluation into a comprehensive framework, (b) it fills a gap in this area, by offering a flexible, cost efficient methodology that is easy to comprehend and adopt, (c) it simultaneously considers the objectives of the firm, its resource constraints, and expansion strategies while identifying potential foreign markets, and (d) it introduces a multicriteria methodology for solving problems of multiobjective decision models, to the international marketing managers.
Structural and Behavioral Predictors of Export Adoption: A Norwegian Study
Authors: Rynning Marjo-Riitta , Andersen Otto
Published: November 2018

A model is developed for predicting export adoption. The export adoption decision is viewed as a logical continuation of antecedent structural characteristics and behavior. Predictors and measurement problems are discussed. To illustrate the model, antecedent firm size, domestic market coverage, number of new products developed, and recent domestic market expansion are used to predict export adoption on a sample of previously non-exporting firms. The findings provide some support for the model.
Executive Insights: A National Export Assistance Policy for New and Growing Businesses
Authors: Czinkota Michael R.
Published: November 2018

This article is based on a speech delivered by the author to the National Economic Council in Washington, D.C. The White House-based council is charged with strengthening the competitive performance of U.S. firms. The author highlights the need for clarity of purpose, tightness of focus, coordination of approaches, emphasis on strengths, targeting of crucial factors, and boldness of vision in shaping a new export assistance policy.
Consumer Perception of Product Quality and the Country-of-Origin Effect1
Authors: Elliott Gregory R. , Cameron Ross C.
Published: November 2018

Consumer attitudes to local and foreign products and the likely “country-of-origin” effect in “Buy Local” and “Made In …” campaigns are surveyed. First, the importance of country of origin in relation to other product attributes is considered. Second, country of origin is assessed as a surrogate indicator of product quality. Third, the likely effect of country of origin on consumer choice across a range of product categories is studied with brand name and price held constant.

Across the product categories studied, respondents rated country of origin as significantly less important as a choice determinant than product quality and price. In addition, clear country-of-origin effects are identified. Consumers rate products as being of significantly different quality when the only variation between products is stated country of origin. Further, consumers express a marked preference for locally made products when price, technical features, and brand name are invariant, and where the locally made product is perceived to be superior or, at least, not significantly inferior to an overseas-made product. Where the locally made product is perceived to be of inferior quality to the imported product, consumers generally prefer an imported product.

Thus, while consumers rate country of origin after product quality and price, when these other factors are equivalent, the fact that the product is promoted as locally made is a positive influence on product choice.
Perspectives and Preparedness regarding ISO-9000 International Quality Standards
Authors: Prasad V. Kanti , Naidu G.M.
Published: November 2018

With increasing globalization of trade, and growing reliance on quality as a competitive weapon, the ISO-9000 international quality standards have become a major force to be reckoned with for U.S. companies doing business directly or indirectly with the European Community or any of the 50 countries that have adopted the standards. While much attention has been focused on the efforts of large companies in achieving ISO-9000 registration, little is known about the awareness, attitudes, concerns, and preparedness of small and medium-sized manufacturers in regard to ISO-9000. Based on a large-scale survey, this article provides insights into the stages and correlates of preparedness for ISO-9000, and also into major perceived barriers to achieving certification among small and medium-sized manufacturers. Important implications for management and public policy are discussed.
A Strategic Model for Multinational Corporation Social Responsibility in the Third World
Authors: Laughlin Jay L. , Ahsan Mohammad Badrul
Published: November 2018

Frequent criticism of multinational corporation social responsibility is contrasted with the “Friedman Doctrine,” which maintains that the social responsibility of business is to increase profits. A general framework recognizing that the long-range purpose of exchange is the mutual satisfaction of the interests of all parties leads to a discussion of concepts from Blau's exchange structuralism. A structural model for enhancing multinational corporation strategy for socially responsible exchange behavior with developing nations is introduced.
The Impact of Brand Differentiating Messages on the Effectiveness of Korean Advertising
Authors: Taylor Charles R. , Wilson R. Dale , Miracle Gordon E.
Published: November 2018

Many U.S. advertisers have long stressed the need to use the advertising message to differentiate a brand from its major competitors. This conventional wisdom has been supported empirically by Stewart and Furse's (1986) study of more than 1,000 television commercials, which found a positive relationship between the presence of a brand differentiating message and advertising effectiveness. The question of whether this important research finding extends cross-culturally to South Korea is investigated in this article. To this end, an experiment was conducted in Seoul using selected commercials from a large content-analyzed database of Korean television advertisements. Results suggest that brand differentiation can be an effective technique for firms advertising in Korea.
Executive Insights: Global Individualism—Reconciling Global Marketing and Global Manufacturing
Authors: Halliburton Chris , Jones Ian
Published: November 2018

Two apparently contradictory trends emerge from recent developments in marketing thinking—global marketing, and individual, or one-to-one, marketing relationships. Simultaneously, recent manufacturing developments have enabled firms to provide “mass customization, “ or products tailored to individual customer requirements. This article discusses these two issues, and suggests that they are the same phenomenon, viewed from two distinct disciplines. This raises serious questions about possible responses of Western companies to Japanese competition.
Toward a Theory of International Services: Marketing Intangibles in a World of Nations
Authors: Clark Terry , Rajaratnam Daniel , Smith Timothy
Published: November 2018

This article defines and describes international services from the marketing perspective. A classification of four types of international services is proposed, and a theoretical model of one of these (contact-based services) is developed. With a rich literature on the nature of services, marketing scholars are in a strong position to make valuable contributions to the ongoing debate concerning international services, which has until now been dominated by international economists and trade statisticians.
Structural Modeling of Success Factors in Exporting: Cross-Validation and Further Development of an Export Performance Model
Authors: Holzmüller Hartmut H. , Stöttinger Barbara
Published: November 2018

Empirical studies in export performance research are characterized by vastly empiricist and eclectic research designs. Partial models—i.e., models that investigate selected determinants of export performance—are symptomatic of this stream of research. Structural modeling techniques allow for the analysis of complex relations, which integrate a vast number of success factors into an extensive model in order to avoid over-emphasis of single determinants and to conduct an integrative investigation of different bundles of variables. In this article, the cross-validation and further development of a structural model for the prediction of export performance that was recently conceived in Austria is outlined.
The Internationalization Process and Networks: A Strategic Management Perspective
Authors: Welch Denice E. , Welch Lawrence S.
Published: November 2018

In this article, a conceptual model is developed that places internationalization and key process dimensions into a longitudinal strategy context. The model follows the internationalization literature with its emphasis on internal organizational processes (such as learning and network development) that drive foreign market expansion, but are also outcomes of it. These internal processes (which feed into the so-called strategic foundation) are linked to the company's strategy mechanisms, thus tying internationalization and strategic management into an interrelated cycle. Networks are analyzed as a subset of the conceptual model, illustrating many of the challenges of taking a strategic approach to internationalization. Although the paper is exploratory in nature, managerial implications of the model in terms of effective servicing of foreign markets are discussed.
Executive Insights: The Korean Automobile Industry—Challenges and Strategies in the Global Market
Authors: Lee Dong-Ok , Lee Keunchul , Kim Jae-Jin , Lim Gill-Chin
Published: November 2018

This article deals with the current challenges and future strategies for the Korean automobile industry in the global market. To understand its strengths and weaknesses, the trends of the world market for motor vehicles and the development of the Korean automobile industry are discussed. In the first part, Korea's automobile production in the world market is examined. A brief overview of the production and consumption of automobiles is provided along with a description of the four-stage development of Korean car production. In the second part, various forces of production are identified that affect Korean automakers’ competitiveness in the global market. Capital formation, labor relations, the role of government, management style, production technology, research and development, and workmanship are discussed briefly. Finally, in light of current observations, some of the challenges for the Korean automobile industry in the future are pointed out and some recommendations for automakers, labor, and the government are offered.
Some Antecedents of Global Strategic Alliance Formation
Authors: Sengupta Sanjit , Perry Monica
Published: November 2018

This article investigates equity joint ventures and contracts as alternative cooperative alliance forms in global, high-technology industries. An analysis of 476 strategic alliances finds that equity joint ventures are preferred to contracts when cultural differences between partner firms are greater, and when alliances involve upstream rather than downstream value chain activities. Contrarily, the data show that contracts are preferred to equity joint ventures in cross-industry alliances, and when the technological intensity of the industry sector of cooperation is higher. While the study reinforces earlier findings on cultural similarity, R&D alliances, and technological intensity, the results on industry origin are a unique contribution to the literature. Possible explanations for these results and their implications for research and managerial practice are discussed.
Initiating and Maintaining Export Channel Intermediary Relationships
Authors: Karunaratna Amal R. , Johnson Lester W.
Published: November 2018

Firms exporting via foreign channel intermediaries, such as import agents or distributors, trade off a lack of control of the foreign channel for a low-risk market entry. Agency theory and transaction cost analysis suggest that a lack of control manifests itself in the foreign channel intermediary (FCI) having opportunities to behave in its own interests, rather than those of the exporter. Even so, management strategies that result in an alignment of the exporter's and FCI's goals are more likely to result in a perception of satisfaction in the relationship than if only one party's goals were met. Such management strategies should commence with an extensive precontractual screening step to find an intermediary whose goals are complementary to those of the exporter. After forming a trading relationship, an exporter can better coordinate the relationship by noncoercive monitoring of the exporter, and reduce the potential for opportunistic behavior and achieve a relationship that performs to the satisfaction to both parties. Greater monitoring is also likely to maintain a state of goal congruence between the parties. Conditions of environmental uncertainty may, however, create difficulties in precontractual screening by the exporter. A conceptual framework explaining the interaction between these variables has been presented, along with nine testable propositions and directions for future research.
Attractiveness of the New European Market to Small U.S. Exporters
Authors: Kumcu Erdoğan
Published: November 2018

The integration of selected west-European countries into a single market has caused concerns about U.S. exporters’ access to the new European market. This article examines strategic export planning for the European market of small U.S. exporters in manufacturing industries on the basis of the strategic market planning framework developed by Abell and Hammond (1979) . The proposed model incorporates market attractiveness as a predictor variable in addition to more traditional company background variables in examining export planning status of small U.S. exporters. Findings of a survey conducted in a Midwestern state among active exporters of manufactured goods demonstrate how company characteristics and market attractiveness are related to export planning status. Most exporting manufacturers have responded actively to changes in the European market by completing and enacting strategic export plans. Factors that influence exporters’ strategic export planning behavior are entry barriers, changes in European market characteristics, company size, exporting experience, and primary export target markets.
Educator Insights: Early Development of Collegiate Education in International Marketing
Authors: Cunningham Peggy , Jones D.G. Brian
Published: November 2018

This article sheds light on some of the early roots of international marketing thought; it describes some of the earliest university courses offered in international marketing in North America. It presents evidence that international marketing was the subject of academic endeavor early in the twentieth century. It compares and contrasts topics covered in the earliest courses with those used in modern programs of study.
Perceived Export Success Factors of Small and Medium-Sized Canadian Firms
Authors: Katsikeas Constantine S. , Deng Shengliang L. , Wortzel Lawrence H.
Published: November 2018

In drawing attention to certain important gaps in the export marketing literature, this paper reports on a systematic study of critical factors for export success of small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Canada. In this ethnocentric context, an attempt is made to investigate the presence of potentially significant differences in perceptions of key export success factors based upon export development, firm size, and product type. The study results point to the importance of the level of export development, product type and, to a lesser extent, company size in influencing exporter perceptions of factors contributing to export success. The implications of the findings for business practitioners and public policy makers are discussed, and avenues for future research outlined along with the limitations of the study.
A Strategy Process Perspective on Export Withdrawal
Authors: Pauwels Pieter , Matthyssens Paul
Published: November 2018

This article presents a strategy process study of export withdrawal. An in-depth comparative study of four export withdrawals results in a complex, six-staged strategy process model. The cases illustrate how organizations behave inertially, cope with opposing perspectives, evaluate, and ultimately withdraw. Clear evidence is provided about how and why commitment to an export venture begins to escalate with some managers, whereas others increasingly detach themselves from it. The authors argue that a profound insight into the strategic and organizational dynamics of an international withdrawal fosters a better understanding of the internationalization process of the firm.
Cauchy formalism for Lamb waves in functionally graded plates
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey V.
Published: November 2018

Propagation of harmonic Lamb waves in plates made of functionally graded materials with transverse inhomogeneity is analyzed by applying Cauchy six-dimensional formalism previously developed for the study of Lamb wave propagation in homogeneous or stratified anisotropic plates. For anisotropic plates with arbitrary transverse inhomogeneity a closed form implicit solution for the dispersion equation is derived and analyzed.
Artistic Research in Theater for Early Years: Methodological Movements in Mum’s Dancing
Authors: Hovik Lise
Published: November 2018

This article is based on the PhD project The Red Shoes, an artistic research project reflected through analyses and experiences of performance events, filmmaking, and theory. The project conducted three different performances for and with children under the age of three, about red shoes, dancing, music, and playing. Mum’s Dancing was the final performance and allowed the children full participation in an installation together with two dancers and a musician. The artistic research process itself, moving from a theater performance toward an installation concept and in the end an improvised dance concert, was challenging in terms of methodology. The multitude of perspectives, focuses, and shifting movements urged me as both director and researcher to search for new understandings of the whole event. With Henk Borgdorff’s theories on artistic research, I was able to move between an interpretive, an instrumental, and a performative research perspective.
Unmasking China’s Great Leap Forward and Great Famine (1958-1962) Through Shunkouliu (顺口溜)
Authors: Hsiung Ping-Chun , Wang Yu
Published: November 2018

Satiric Shunkouliu (顺口溜), an oral folklore tradition among Chinese peasants known as “slippery jingles” or “doggerels,” express discontent and often contain disguised critiques of official propaganda. In this article, I call upon Shunkouliu to expose the reality behind the dogma during China’s Great Leap Forward and Great Famine (1958-1962). This departs from existing scholarship that has focused on written texts and interviews as primary data. Analyzing Shunkouliu demonstrates the collective efforts of Chinese peasants in speaking the truth. Through its satiric and disruptive qualities, Shunkouliu challenged official rhetoric by making erased realities visible and silenced voices audible. Recognizing Shunkouliu as legitimate data also challenges positivist criteria (representativeness and sample size) in assessing data credibility. I conclude this article by urging qualitative practitioners in the global South to explore forms of data beyond those traditionally examined within the parameters of qualitative research originating in the global North.
The Effects of Lag Schedules of Reinforcement on Social Skill Accuracy and Variability
Authors: Radley Keith C. , Moore James W. , Dart Evan H. , Ford W. Blake , Helbig Kate A.
Published: November 2018

Five participants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) between the ages of 10 and 14 years attended a twice-weekly social skills group for 8 weeks. A multiple probe design across skills with concurrent replication across participants was utilized to assess the effects of social skills training using multiple exemplars and lag schedules on social skill variability. Prior to intervention, participants demonstrated low levels of skill accuracy and appropriate variability. Training with one and three exemplars of target skills without lag schedules resulted in no to small increases in appropriate variability, despite increases in skill accuracy. Following introduction of lag schedules, substantial increases were observed. Post-intervention rating scales completed by parents of participants indicated improvements in social functioning and reductions in repetitive behavior.
Effects of oral trazodone on echocardiographic and hemodynamic variables in healthy cats
Authors: Fries Ryan C , Kadotani Saki , Vitt Jordan P , Schaeffer David J
Published: November 2018

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral trazodone on echocardiographic variables, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in healthy cats.

Methods

Client-owned domestic cats between 2 and 8 years of age were recruited. Cats were considered healthy based on physical examination, complete blood count, blood chemistry profile, urinalysis, total thyroxine concentration, non-invasive BP measurement by Doppler method and a screening transthoracic echocardiogram with simultaneous electrocardiogram. Echocardiographic variables assessed pre-trazodone and 90–120 mins post-trazodone (50 mg PO) included left ventricular internal diameter in systole and diastole, interventricular septal and left ventricular free-wall thickness in systole and diastole, left atrial size, left auricular function and left ventricular diastolic function assessed by spectral Doppler transmitral and pulmonary venous flow velocities, and tissue Doppler profiles. Mean echocardiographic and hemodynamic variables were calculated for pre- and post-trazodone examinations for each cat. Pre- and post-trazodone variables were analyzed with a paired t-test with significance set at P <0.05.

Results

Twelve healthy cats were evaluated. Trazodone was administered to all cats and a sedative effect was observed. There were no clinically significant differences in any echocardiographic variables post-trazodone administration. Systolic BP was significantly decreased after trazodone ( P = 0.001) with no significant change in HR.

Conclusions and relevance

Trazodone did not alter echocardiographic variables, in a clinically relevant manner, in this group of healthy cats. Trazodone may aid in obtaining transthoracic echocardiograms without affecting HR or echocardiographic variables but may significantly lower BP in healthy cats.
Sulphate-Crosslinked Chitosan as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Congo Red Dye From Aqueous Solution
Authors: Jeyaseelan Christine , Chaudhary Nisha , Jugade Ravin
Published: November 2018

Dyes are a major cause of concern nowadays as large quantities are being released into water bodies causing pollution. In this article, modified chitosan (sulphate crosslinked) has been studied for the removal of Congo red (a benzidine-based anionic diazo dye) which is a toxic dye introduced into water bodies from textile industries. Sulphate-crosslinked chitosan (SCC) was prepared in the laboratory and the characterization of SCC was done by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Various parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and concentration of adsorbent were optimized. The adsorption capacity was determined at pH 3.0, at which the percentage recovery was about 90% and followed Freundlich adsorption isotherm with an adsorption capacity of 91.8 mg/g. The adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Various thermodynamic parameters were also determined for the change in adsorption with temperature. The SCC was regenerated with NaOH and showed good recycling capacity. The modified chitosan was applied for the removal of Congo red from industrial wastewater samples (spiked).
Health Dynamics in the Built Environment: An Urban Intensity Perspective – An Exploratory Study in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Chadee Samantha , Stoute Valerie
Published: November 2018

The built environment encompasses the physical components of the environment, inclusive of infrastructure, households, buildings, streets, and open spaces, within which individuals reside and carry out their daily activities. It affects both indirectly and directly on the outdoor and indoor physical environment as well as the socio-economic environment. The elements which comprise the built environment and those of the physical and socio-economic environments, which are affected by it, are recognised as key determinants of health. In this study, health dynamics in the built environment are explored along the urban-rural gradient in Trinidad and Tobago. The gradient is measured by a statistically validated Urban Intensity Index developed previously, using physical data from the built environment. Published physical health data from National Surveys as well as data collected on perceptions of health care access and environmental quality are utilised in conjunction with the Urban Intensity Index values to model chronic illness. Multivariate statistical analysis and maps are used to explore and illustrate these dynamics. Ultimately, the outputs of this study can potentially support efforts to diminish the gap between rhetoric and reality, through provision of critical information for policy and decision making, as the global development agenda moves towards evidence-based policy making.
Embodiment in High-altitude Mountaineering: Sensing and Working with the Weather
Authors: Allen-Collinson Jacquelyn , Crust Lee , Swann Christian
Published: November 2018

In order to address sociological concerns with embodiment and learning, in this article we explore the ‘weathering’ body in a currently under-researched physical-cultural domain. Weather experiences, too, are under-explored in sociology, and here we examine in depth the lived experience of weather and, more specifically, ‘weather work’ and ‘weather learning’ in one of the most extreme and corporeally challenging environments on earth: high-altitude mountains. Drawing on a theoretical framework of phenomenological sociology, and an interview-based research project with 19 international, high-altitude mountaineers, we investigate weather as lived and experienced both corporeally and cognitively. We are particularly interested in conceptualizing and theorizing the ways in which embodied beings relate to the environment through different aspects of their being. The novel concepts of ‘weather work’ and ‘weather learning’, we argue, provide salient examples of the mind-body-world nexus at work, as an embodied practice and mode of thinking, strongly contoured by the physical culture of high-altitude mountaineering.
Reflections on emerging trends in clinical work with gender diverse children and adolescents
Authors: de Graaf Nastasja M , Carmichael Polly
Published: November 2018

Gender is a fast-evolving and topical field which is often the centre of attention in the media and in public policy debates. The current cultural and social climate provides possibilities for young people to express themselves. Gender diverse young people are not only developing new ways of describing gender, but they are also shaping what is required of clinical interventions. Emerging cultural, social and clinical trends, such as increases in referrals, shifts in sex ratio and diversification in gender identification, illustrate that gender diverse individuals are not a homogeneous group. How do evolving concepts of gender impact the clinical care of gender diverse young people presenting to specialist gender clinics today?
Social Identification, Widening Participation and Higher Education: Experiencing Similarity and Difference in an English Red Brick University
Authors: Clark Tom , Hordósy Rita
Published: November 2018

In 2012, the UK government introduced the National Scholarship Programme – a scheme that aimed to ensure that young people from families with low household incomes would not be discouraged from entry into higher education by increases in tuition fees. Drawing on longitudinal evidence in the form of 80 semi-structured interviews conducted in an English Red Brick University over a 3-year period, this article uses Jenkins’ work on social identification to examine the processes by which these post-2012 undergraduates used and experienced the financial support made available to them as part of the Programme. The article explores how the initially categorical label associated with being a student in receipt of financial assistance was variously understood and experienced as they moved through their degree. Not only did the additional finance allow students to avoid excessive part-time work, recipients also felt increasingly valued by the institution when they began to recognise how their financial circumstances differed from their peers, and that the university had made this provision for them. It remains to be seen whether these, more intangible, benefits of non-repayable financial support will transfer to the system of ‘enhanced’ loans that have subsequently replaced maintenance grants and the National Scholarship Programme.
Resourcefulness, advocacy, gratitude: Three ethnic narratives in Master Chef Israel
Authors: Gvion Liora
Published: November 2018

This article looks at the experience of Mizrahi contestants in Master Chef Israel as exemplifying the limitations certain ethnicities impose on the incorporation of native culinary knowledge into the realm of haute cuisine. It also considers how such ethnicities can serve as obstacles to winning reality television shows. Specifically, I ask how Mizrahi participants can use their ethnicity explicitly within the context of reality TV to negotiate the articulation of their culinary knowledge and food practices into the public discourse on haute cuisine. I argue that Mizrahi contestants are pushed either to use ethnicity as a resource to enrich their cookery, to acknowledge the limitations it imposes on their kitchens or to use it as a stock of knowledge to be enriched so they become better Mizrahi cooks. The three versions of ethnicity, which work simultaneously in the show, point to the dynamic and changing nature of ethnicity and its ability to provide its holders with various modes of participation in the culinary sphere.
Now, where were we?’: The highs and lows of hunting data with a research pack
Authors: Cudworth Erika
Published: November 2018

The boundaries of the social have been challenged by recent scholarship in sociological animal studies. Empirical work has begun to open up to the presence of the myriad of other creatures that make up social worlds. Yet much of this research relies on standard practices and human-centred methods. This article reflects on a piece of research characterised by such contradictions, drawn from a project investigating everyday lives with canine companions via observation and interviewing. What was methodologically distinctive was that the majority of interviews involved dogs being present and most were undertaken while walking with dogs. An ethnographic diary was also kept in one field site, mapping events, interactions and routines of dogs, humans and others in the space of ‘dog walking’. How might non-humans intervene in data collection and be reflected in the data? What is lost and gained by researching (literally) in the field with a multi-species research pack?
The VIM-Padé technique for strongly nonlinear oscillators with cubic and harmonic restoring force
Authors: Lu Junfeng , Ma Li
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we propose an analytical approach (VIM-Padé) based on the variational iteration method (VIM), Laplace transformation and the Padé approximation. We apply this technique to solve the strongly nonlinear oscillators with cubic and harmonic restoring force. The approximated solutions to the initial value problems are provided and compared with the original variational iteration method solutions and the numerical solutions obtained by Runge-Kutta method. Numerical experiments show that the VIM-Padé technique is efficient for solving the strongly nonlinear oscillators.
Exploring the role of social dialogue in local economic development: A case of a South African Local Economic Development Agency
Authors: Khambule Isaac , Gerwel-Proches Cecile
Published: November 2018

The world is experiencing a growing recognition of the role of social dialogue in the pursuit of inclusive sustainable economic development. However, the sidelining of non-governmental actors in South Africa’s local government-led development landscape has hampered this agenda. This alienating culture led to the establishment of local economic development agencies (LEDAs) as structures tasked with fostering a participatory approach to local economic development (LED) for an effective response to developmental challenges. This article explored the role of social dialogue in LED through a case study of one LEDA in South Africa. A qualitative approach was deployed by conducting semi-structured interviews with key gatekeepers in the LED space. The findings reveal that whereas social dialogue is embraced at the national level, there is minimal understanding and usage of social dialogue at the local government level. Nevertheless, social dialogue strategies (information sharing, consultation, negotiation, joint decision-making and problem-solving) are used by the LEDA and its various stakeholders. The article argues that there is a need to align the national social dialogue with the local social dialogue through LEDAs to strengthen institutional arrangements for LED.
Does a lack of teachers’ recognition of students with migration background contribute to achievement gaps?
Authors: Vieluf Svenja , Sauerwein Markus N.
Published: November 2018

Based on Honneth’s recognition theory, this study aimed at investigating whether students with a migration background reported receiving less recognition from teachers than students without a migration background. Also, we explored whether such a difference contributed to explaining the disparity between the groups in reading achievement. To answer these research questions, we used data from a German study on school quality (STEG-S; n = 2105 students), and from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA; n = 6504 students). The results show that, indeed, students with a migration background experienced less recognition from teachers in terms of cognitive respect. Students reporting lower levels of cognitive respect from reading teachers further achieved poorer outcomes in the reading test at the end of the first term of grade 5, controlling for test results at the beginning of the term. Accordingly, cognitive respect from the reading teacher mediated the effect of the migration background on reading achievement. These effects were small but might accumulate over time. Hence, recognition in the classroom appears to be one piece of the puzzle for understanding how educational disadvantages persist and are reproduced for students with a migration background.
Prediction of ducted diaphragm noise using a stochastic approach with adapted temporal filters
Authors: Karban Ugur , Schram Christophe , Sovardi Carlo , Polifke Wolfgang
Published: November 2018

The noise production by ducted single- and double-diaphragm configurations is simulated using a stochastic noise generation and radiation numerical method. The importance of modeling correctly the anisotropy and temporal de-correlation is discussed, based on numerical results obtained by large eddy simulation. A new temporal filter is proposed, designed to provide the targeted spectral decay of energy in an Eulerian reference frame. An anisotropy correction is implemented using a non-linear model. The acoustic propagation problem is solved using Lighthill’s aeroacoustic analogy with a tailored Green’s function obtained analytically. Comparison with scale--resolved data indicates that accurate far-field noise predictions are obtained for both single and double diaphragm configurations, with computational costs significantly reduced with respect to the scale-resolved approach. A grouping scheme for the noise sources based on the octree structure is introduced to minimize the memory requirements and further reduce the computational cost.
The effects of using passing beams during the day in real traffic conditions
Authors: Kępa P , Żagan W
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a study on the implications for road safety of the use of passing beams during the day. The genesis of the problem and conditions that have led to the use of passing beams by vehicles during the day is presented first. Then, the photometric requirements for passing beams are evaluated in terms of their signal role, comparing them with the requirements for daytime running lights. The main part of this paper presents a report on field tests carried out under real road conditions. The tests were done in order to measure the impact of using passing beams by day on the distance at which the oncoming vehicle could be detected. Also, the correctness of the estimation of relative positions of oncoming vehicles at the same or different distances was examined with different combinations of passing beams on or off in the tested vehicles. The research confirms the effectiveness of using passing beams during the day and the need to harmonize the obligation to use passing beams.
Medicare Accountable Care Organizations and Use of Potentially Low-Value Procedures
Authors: Modi Parth K. , Kaufman Samuel R. , Borza Tudor , Oliphant Bryant W. , Ryan Andrew M. , Miller David C. , Shahinian Vahakn B. , Ellimoottil Chad , Hollenbeck Brent K.
Published: November 2018

Objective. To evaluate the effect of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) on the use of vertebroplasty and arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, 2 procedures for which randomized controlled trials suggest similar outcomes to sham surgery and therefore may provide low value. Medicare Shared Savings Program ACOs aim to improve quality and decrease health care spending. Reducing the use of potentially low-value procedures can accomplish both of these goals. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent potentially low-value orthopedic procedures (vertebroplasty and partial meniscectomy) and a control (hip fracture) from 2010 to 2015 using a 20% sample of national Medicare claims. We performed an interrupted time-series analysis using linear spline models to evaluate the count of each procedure per 1000 patients, stratified by ACO participation. Results. We identified 76 256 patients who underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, 44 539 patients who underwent vertebroplasty, and 50 760 patients who underwent hip fracture admission. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy rates decreased, vertebroplasty rates remained stable, and hip fracture rates increased for both groups during the study period, with similar trends among ACO and non-ACO patients. After January 1, 2013, ACO and non-ACO populations had similar trends for vertebroplasty (ACO incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.15 [1.08-1.23] vs non-ACO IRR = 1.11 [1.05-1.16]), meniscectomy (ACO IRR = 1.06 [1.01-1.12] vs non-ACO IRR = 1.03 [0.99-1.07]), and hip fracture (ACO IRR = 1.08 [1.01-1.14] vs non-ACO IRR = 1.08 [1.03-1.13]). Conclusions. ACOs were not associated with a reduction in the frequency of vertebroplasty and arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.
The Craft Attitude: Navigating Mess in Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Sanscartier Matthew D.
Published: November 2018

Acknowledging and navigating “mess” are clear priorities in the mixed methods literature. Mess enters the mixed methods process in two interrelated ways. The first is empirically, where quantitative and qualitative findings diverge or contrast rather than cohere; the second is through design, where research contexts demand unplanned adaptation. This article outlines three practices that help mixed methods researchers recognize and navigate both kinds of mess, collectively called the “craft attitude.” The craft attitude consists of comfort with uncertainty, a nonlinear/recursive approach to research, and understanding research as storytelling. I further argue these components can orient researchers to mess in both structured and flexible ways by fostering three intellectual activities: science, craft/art, and ethical value judgment. This article contributes to the field of mixed methods by offering a practice-oriented concept facilitating the collective acknowledgement and engagement of mess, rather than concealing it in our research.