bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of blastocyst elongation and implantation chamber formation on the alignment of the embryonic axis and uterine axis in mice
Authors: Sakurai Jun , Oka Sanae , Higuchi Yoko , Ohsawa Sonoko , Fujimori Toshihiko
Published: June 2024

Embryo implantation involves a series of events that bring the embryo and maternal tissues into contact to support post-implantation development in mammals. During implantation, alignment of the embryonic–abembryonic (E–Ab) axis of the blastocyst with the mesometrial–antimesometrial (M–AM) axis of the uterus precedes post-implantation embryonic development and placentation. In the present study, we observed the morphological changes in blastocysts and the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) that occur during the alignment of the embryonic and the uterine axes. We found that at the time that the blastocysts attached to the LE at the mural trophectoderm, the embryonic axis was not aligned with the uterine axis. Alignment of the embryonic E–Ab axis with the uterine M–AM axis occurred after E4.0, and the embryo was significantly elongated during the process. The depth of the implantation chamber (IC) correlated with the degree of alignment, suggesting that elongated embryos are oriented along the M–AM axis during IC formation. Transplantation of the Concanavalin A (Con A)–coated beads induced IC formation, and the alignment of two Con A–coated beads present in the same IC in the M–AM direction suggested that elongated materials can align along the M–AM axis. These data suggest that an elongated shape of the embryo and IC formation coordinate the alignment of the embryonic and uterine axes.
Ad libitum feeding of silkworm larvae powder-containing diets specifically influences metabolism-related and short-chain fatty acid-producing gut bacteria in mice
Authors: Murakami Aito , Yamaguchi Haruka , Namai Fu , Sato Takashi , Yamazaki Maki , Uehara Hiroshi , Fujii Tadashi , Tochio Takumi , Shiomi Kunihiro , Shimosato Takeshi
Published: June 2024

Silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae are expected to be useful as an ingredient in entomophagy. They are full of nutrients, including indigestible proteins; however, there have been few studies on the effects of the consumption of the entire body of silkworms on the intestinal microflora. We prepared a customized diet containing silkworm larval powder (SLP), and investigated the effects of ad libitum feeding of the SLP diet on the intestinal microbiota and the amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice. We found that the diversity of the cecal and fecal microbiota increased in the mice fed the SLP diet (SLP group), and that the composition of their intestinal microbiota differed from that of the control mice. Furthermore, a genus-level microbiota analysis showed that in the SLP group, the proportions of Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae A2, and RF39, which are associated with the prevention of obesity, were significantly increased, while the proportions of Helicobacter and Anaerotruncus, which are associated with obesity, were significantly decreased. Additionally, the level of butyrate was increased in the SLP group, and Clostridia UCG 014 and Lachnospiraceae FCS020 were found to be associated with the level of butyrate, one of the major SCFAs. These findings indicated that silkworm powder may be useful as an insect food that might also improve obesity.
Comprehensive analysis of key host gene-microbe networks in the cecum tissues of the obese rabbits induced by a high-fat diet
Authors: Li Yanhong , Qi Xiaolan , Wang Qinrong , He Yan , Li Zhupeng , Cen Xi , Wei Limin
Published: June 2024

The Cecum is a key site for cellulose digestion in nutrient metabolism of intestine, but its mechanisms of microbial and gene interactions has not been fully elucidated during pathogenesis of obesity. Therefore, the cecum tissues of the New Zealand rabbits and their contents between the high-fat diet-induced group (Ob) and control group (Co) were collected and analyzed using multi-omics. The metagenomic analysis indicated that the relative abundances of Corallococcus_sp._CAG:1435 and Flavobacteriales bacterium species were significantly lower, while those of Akkermansia glycaniphila, Clostridium_sp._CAG:793, Mycoplasma_sp._CAG:776, Mycoplasma_sp._CAG:472, Clostridium_sp._CAG:609, Akkermansia_sp._KLE1605, Clostridium_sp._CAG:508, and Firmicutes_bacterium_CAG:460 species were significantly higher in the Ob as compared to those in Co. Transcriptomic sequencing results showed that the differentially upregulated genes were mainly enriched in pathways, including calcium signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway, while the differentially downregulated genes were mainly enriched in pathways of NF-kappaB signaling pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway. The comparative analysis of metabolites showed that the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and cysteine and methionine metabolism were the important metabolic pathways between the two groups. The combined analysis showed that CAMK1, IGFBP6, and IGFBP4 genes were highly correlated with Clostridium_sp._CAG:793, and Akkermansia_glycaniphila species. Thus, the preliminary study elucidated the microbial and gene interactions in cecum of obese rabbit and provided a basis for further studies in intestinal intervention for human obesity.
Contribution of campaign GNSS toward parsing subsidence rates by time and depth in coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Steckler Michael S. , Jaman Md. Hasnat , Grall Céline Jo , Goodbred Steven L. , Wilson Carol A. , Oryan Bar
Published: June 2024

Coastal regions are vulnerable to rising seas, increasing storm magnitude, and decimation of ecologically-fragile areas. Deltas are particularly sensitive to the balance between sea-level rise, land subsidence and sedimentation that determine relative elevation. Bangladesh has been highlighted as being at risk from sea-level rise. Integrating measurements from different methods can approach a more complete understanding of factors controlling areally and temporally varying subsidence rates. To augment our compilation of rates from stratigraphic wells, historic buildings, vertical strainmeters, RSET-MH, and continuous Global Navigation Satellite System, we resurveyed 48 geodetic monuments in coastal Bangladesh ∼18 years after the monuments were installed. A later resurvey of 4 sites showed that some sites with higher subsidence may be unstable, but we consider the subsidence pattern of all the sites. Sites with rates <2 mm/yr overlie thin (≤35 m), sandy Holocene deposits located along interfluves between the main paleo-river valleys. As Holocene strata thicken seaward and become muddier, subsidence rates increase to 20–25 mm/y. Sites in incised valleys of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers, with Holocene sediments >100 m show subsidence rates of 20 ± 10 mm/y, with a slight seaward increase. Overall, subsidence rates increase with Holocene sediment thickness and the seaward shift from sandy to muddy sediments. Together with earlier measurements, we parse the different rates and mechanisms of subsidence. Earlier models show 2–3 mm/yr correspond to deep processes, such as isostasy. Within the shallow Holocene (<10 m), we estimate 5–8 mm/yr of subsidence from shallow, edaphic effects (tree roots, burrows, organic matter decomposition) and shallow (≤10 m) sediment consolidation on short timescales. Below this, we estimate 3–6 mm/yr from compaction of the upper Holocene strata, with 2–5 mm/yr occurring in deeper Holocene strata. Subsidence rates in areas of active sedimentation, such as rice fields and mangrove forests, are greater than buildings and structures with deep foundations. Subsidence on timescales >300 y, which do not include edaphic effects, are up to ∼5 mm/y. We note subsidence can be offset by active deltaic sedimentation, and does not necessarily indicate elevation loss. Collectively, the integration of these approaches allows us to begin quantifying the varied contributions to land subsidence from edaphic effects, Holocene sediment compaction, lithology, and time. Similar factors may contribute to the highly variable subsidence rates observed at other deltas worldwide.
Design and application of a monitoring device for embedded foundation side friction resistance
Authors: Tian Wei , Chen Peishuai , Li Jiacheng , Ji Fuquan
Published: June 2024

In geotechnical engineering, side friction resistance (SFR) is difficult to be measured directly. To further understand distribution law of the SFR, this paper developed a monitoring device that can directly measure the SFR. Further, a theoretical conversion formula for the elastic deformation and the SFR that considers the end effect of sensor sealing was proposed to guide the selection of sensor size and sealing material. Moreover, the monitoring device for the SFR was then calibrated using a large-scale direct shear apparatus and analyzed the stability of the sensor. The calibration results revealed that under cyclic loading and unloading conditions, the linear correlation coefficient of the sensor was greater than 0.996, and the sensitivity after sealing could reach 4.836 με/kPa, which met requirements of the engineering application. The developed monitoring device characterized by simple testing principle, low cost, and high precision were successfully applied to an open caisson project in Harbin City, which contributes to address the difficult problem of efficiently collecting the SFR in highways, bridges, water conservancy, and other projects.
A mixed methods evaluation of the usability of Feel Your Best Self
Authors: Iovino Emily A. , Chafouleas Sandra M. , Torres Rabbecca C. , Weiner Michael A.
Published: June 2024

Feel Your Best Self (FYBS) is an online toolkit developed to facilitate teaching emotion-focused coping skills to elementary-aged children. This study presents findings from a mixed methods evaluation of FYBS usability. Survey participants (n = 29) and interview participants (n = 12) shared their perceptions of FYBS, including strengths and areas for growth along with adaptations made relevant to their unique contexts. Results indicated that participants found FYBS to be highly usable, and that both children and implementers responded well to FYBS. FYBS was easy to use, and implementers were able to personalize materials and indicated a desire for additional features to enhance usability. Findings provide considerations for the iteration of FYBS materials along with directions for features to explore in future research.
CT semi-quantitative score used as risk factor for hyponatremia in patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu Baofeng , Li Ru , Hao Jinxuan , Qi Yijie , Liu Botao , Wei Hongxia , Li Zhe , Zhang Yi , Liu Yunfeng
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Chest computed tomography (CT) is used to determine the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia, and pneumonia is associated with hyponatremia. This study aims to explore the predictive value of the semi-quantitative CT visual score for hyponatremia in patients with COVID-19 to provide a reference for clinical practice.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 343 patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19, all patients underwent CT, and the severity of lung lesions was scored by radiologists using the semi-quantitative CT visual score. The risk factors of hyponatremia in COVID-19 patients were analyzed and combined with laboratory tests. The thyroid function changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and their interaction with hyponatremia were also analyzed.

Results

In patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the total severity score (TSS) of hyponatremia was higher [M(range), 3.5(2.5–5.5) vs 3.0(2.0–4.5) scores, P=0.001], implying that patients with hyponatremia had more severe lung lesions. The risk factors of hyponatremia in the multivariate regression model included age, vomiting, neutrophils, platelet, and total severity score. SARS-CoV-2 infection impacted thyroid function, and patients with hyponatremia showed a lower free triiodothyronine (3.1 ± 0.9 vs 3.7 ± 0.9, P=0.001) and thyroid stimulating hormone level [1.4(0.8–2.4) vs 2.2(1.2–3.4), P=0.038].

Conclusion

Semi-quantitative CT score can be used as a risk factor for hyponatremia in patients with COVID-19. There is a weak positive correlation between serum sodium and free triiodothyronine in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A multi-time-scale optimization dispatching strategy for the regional DN–MG systems
Authors: Sun Ning , You Guangzeng , Zhu Xiaoli , Liu Yong , Wu Junhong , Zhu Huiqiong
Published: June 2024

The optimization dispatching problem of the regional distribution network (DN) interconnection with the microgrid (MG) is studied in this paper. By installing flexible interconnection devices based on the soft open point (SOP) at the boundaries of DNs, the flexible interconnection can be achieved between distribution networks, and the distribution zoning model is established. A multiobjective DN–MG system optimization dispatching model for multi-area DNs considering distributed resources is established based on the distribution zoning model. By introducing intermediate coupling variables, the optimization dispatching problem of the DN–MG system is decomposed into MG sub-area optimization problems and DN sub-area optimization problems. On the basis of the above, a method based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is proposed to solve the optimization dispatching model. Finally, simulation verification shows that by application of the proposed method, the economic efficiency of the DN–MG system is improved effectively.
Hydrological response to vegetation restoration and urban sprawl in typical hydrologic years within a semiarid river basin in China
Authors: Kang Youcai , Zhang Kai , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhao Lianchun
Published: June 2024

Semiarid regions play a pivotal role in global ecosystem and environmental governance. Changing environment (climate and land use variation) has led to the disruption of hydrology in semi-arid regions and ecological degradation in some area. Understanding their hydrological response to changing environments is crucial for ecological rehabilitation and optimal water resource allocation. This research, conducted in a Chinese semiarid watershed, integrates multi-field models about hydrology, meteorology and geography to investigate hydrological processes in typical hydrological years. The results indicate that the climate in this region is drying, and the likelihood of extreme weather events is increasing with global warming. Projecting changes from 2010 to 2060, 9.21% of grassland converting to 5.63% of forest and 3.58% of gully built-up land. As a result, the flood peak increases by 22.99% in typical drought years, while it decreases by 36.77% in normal years. Based on our analysis of the rainfall-runoff process in typical drought and normal years, we identify two distinct effects: the “local rainfall-runoff effect” and the “global rainfall-runoff effect”, respectively. However, in typical wet years, the streamflow state is primarily controlled by intense and concentrated precipitation. This research provides insights into the effect of ecological restoration and typical climate variations on hydrological cycle in semiarid regions, thus contributing to more informed decision-making in environmental management and water resource planning.
Potential of mRNA-based vaccines for the control of tick-borne pathogens in one health perspective
Authors: González-Cueto Elizabeth , de la Fuente José , López-Camacho César
Published: June 2024

The One Health approach, which integrates the health of humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems at various levels, is crucial for addressing interconnected health threats. This is complemented by the advent of mRNA vaccines, which have revolutionized disease prevention. They offer broad-spectrum effectiveness and can be rapidly customized to target specific pathogens. Their utility extends beyond human medicine, showing potential in veterinary practices to control diseases and reduce the risk of zoonotic transmissions. This review place mRNA vaccines and One Health in the context of tick-borne diseases. The potential of these vaccines to confer cross-species immunity is significant, potentially disrupting zoonotic disease transmission cycles and protecting the health of both humans and animals, while reducing tick populations, infestations and circulation of pathogens. The development and application of mRNA vaccines for tick and tick-borne pathogens represent a comprehensive strategy in global health, fostering a healthier ecosystem for all species in our interconnected world.
Immune interactions and regulation with CD39+ extracellular vesicles from platelet concentrates
Authors: Delorme Adèle Silane , Laguide Alexandra , Tamagne Marie , Pinheiro Marion Klea , Cagnet Léonie , Neyrinck-Leglantier Deborah , Khelfa Mehdi , Cleophax Sabine , Pirenne France , Vingert Benoît
Published: June 2024

Introduction

CD39 plays an important role in the immunoregulation and inhibition of effector cells. It is expressed on immune cells, including Tregs, and on extracellular vesicles (EVs) budding from the plasma membrane. Platelet transfusion may induce alloimmunization against HLA-I antigens, leading to refractoriness to platelet transfusion with severe consequences for patients. Tregs may play a key role in determining whether alloimmunization occurs in patients with hematologic disorders. We hypothesized that CD39+ EVs might play an immunoregulatory role, particularly in the context of platelet transfusions in patients with hematologic disorders. Such alloimmunization leads to the production of alloantibodies and is sensitive to the regulatory action of CD39.

Methods

We characterized CD39+ EVs in platelet concentrates by flow cytometry. The absolute numbers and cellular origins of CD39+ EVs were evaluated. We also performed functional tests to evaluate interactions with immune cells and their functions.

Results

We found that CD39+ EVs from platelet concentrates had an inhibitory phenotype that could be transferred to the immune cells with which they interacted: CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes (TLs), dendritic cells, monocytes, and B lymphocytes (BLs). Moreover, the concentration of CD39+ EVs in platelet concentrates varied and was very high in 10% of concentrates. The number of these EVs present was determinant for EV-cell interactions. Finally, functional interactions were observed with BLs, CD4+ TLs and CD39+ EVs for immunoglobulin production and lymphoproliferation, with potential implications for the immunological management of patients.
Critical thinking pedagogical practices in medical education: a systematic review
Authors: Araújo Beatriz , Gomes Sandra F. , Ribeiro Laura
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The development of critical thinking (CT) has been a universal goal in higher education. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of currently used pedagogical practices to foster CT/ clinical reasoning (CR)/ clinical judgment (CJ) skills and/or dispositions in undergraduate medical students.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched from January 2010 to April 2021 with a predefined Boolean expression.

Results

Of the 3221 articles originally identified, 33 articles were included by using PICOS methodology. From these, 21 (64%) reported CR pedagogical practices and 12 (36%) CT pedagogical practices.

Discussion

Overall, pedagogical practices such as cognitive/visual representation, simulation, literature exposure, test-enhancing and team-based learning, clinical case discussion, error-based learning, game-based learning seem to enhance CT/CR skills and/or dispositions. Further research is required to identify the optimal timing, duration and modality of pedagogical interventions for effectively foster CT/CR in medical education.
Mechanisms and therapeutic research progress in intestinal fibrosis
Authors: Liu Yanjiang , Zhang Tao , Pan Kejian , Wei He
Published: June 2024

Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of chronic intestinal diseases with the characteristics of fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition after chronic inflammation, leading to lumen narrowing, structural and functional damage to the intestines, and life inconvenience for the patients. However, anti-inflammatory drugs are currently generally not effective in overcoming intestinal fibrosis making surgery the main treatment method. The development of intestinal fibrosis is a slow process and its onset may be the result of the combined action of inflammatory cells, local cytokines, and intestinal stromal cells. The aim of this study is to elucidate the pathogenesis [e.g., extracellular matrix (ECM), cytokines and chemokines, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), differentiation of fibroblast to myofibroblast and intestinal microbiota] underlying the development of intestinal fibrosis and to explore therapeutic advances (such as regulating ECM, cytokines, chemokines, EMT, differentiation of fibroblast to myofibroblast and targeting TGF-β) based on the pathogenesis in order to gain new insights into the prevention and treatment of intestinal fibrosis.
Clinical analysis of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei: a cross-sectional study and literature review
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Li Jiahui , Wang Shuang
Published: June 2024

Background

The clinical similarity of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) and other papular granulomatous facial disorders often makes its correct diagnosis challenging. Diagnosis often requires the assistance of pathological examination, and dermoscopy can be used as an auxiliary and non-invasive examination method, however, the current findings remain incomplete.

Objectives

This study aimed to summarize the clinical, histopathological and dermoscopic features of LMDF in the Chinese Han population and aiming to provide practical significance to correct diagnosis.

Methods

109 patients of LMDF were collected in the Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from August 2015 to August 2023. The clinical and histopathological manifestations of all patients, as well as the dermoscopic image features of 44 cases, including background, follicular findings, vessels, and other structures, were summarized and evaluated.

Results

The most significant histopathological features of LMDF in 109 cases is epithelioid granulomatous infiltrate in the superficial dermis, with or without caseation. The most significant dermoscopic features of LMDF in all 44 cases were orange structureless background (30/44), follicular plug (32/44), follicular white scar-like area (32/44), unspecific linear vessels (24/44), linear vessels with branch (24/44) and white streaks (18/44).

Conclusion

Histopathologically, LMDF is characterized by the presence of epithelioid granulomatous infiltrate in the superficial dermis, with or without caseation. Dermoscopically, it exhibits a distinctive orange structureless background, follicular plug, follicular white scar-like area, nonspecific linear vessels, linear vessels with branches, and white streaks.
Long COVID management: a mini review of current recommendations and underutilized modalities
Authors: Dietz Tiffany K. , Brondstater Kirsten N.
Published: June 2024

Long COVID is a condition that develops in a subset of patients after COVID-19 infection comprising of symptoms of varying severity encompassing multiple organ systems. Currently, long COVID is without consensus on a formal definition, identifiable biomarkers, and validated treatment. Long COVID is expected to be a long-term chronic condition for a subset of patients and is associated with suffering and incapacity. There is an urgent need for clear management guidelines for the primary care provider, who is essential in bridging the gap with more specialized care to improve quality of life and functionality in their patients living with long COVID. The purpose of this mini review is to provide primary care providers with the latest highlights from existing literature regarding the most common long COVID symptoms and current management recommendations. This review also highlights the underutilized interventions of stellate ganglion blocks and low-dose naltrexone, both with well-established safety profiles demonstrated to improve quality of life and functionality for patients suffering with some symptoms of long COVID, and encourages prompt referral to interventional pain management.
Research trends and hotspots of ketamine from 2014 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Yida , Chang Sile , Chen Dongxu
Published: June 2024

Background

Despite this growing interest, there remains a lack of comprehensive and systematic bibliometric analyses of ketamine research. This study aimed to summarize the progress in ketamine research through bibliometric analysis, providing insights into the development and direction of the field.

Methods

Publications related to ketamine were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on February 15, 2024. In conducting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, a variety of bibliographic elements were meticulously collected to map the landscape of research within a specific field.

Results

Between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2023, a total of 10,328 articles on ketamine research were published across 1,752 academic journals by 45,891 authors from 8,914 institutions in 128 countries. The publication volume has shown a steady increase over this period. The United States of America (USA) and the People’s Republic of China lead in both publication and citation counts. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and Yale University emerge as the most active institutions in this research domain. Carlos Zarate of the NIH National Institute of Mental Health was noted for the highest number of significant publications and received the most co-citations. The analysis revealed key research themes including mechanism of action, adverse events, psychiatric applications, and perioperative implications.

Conclusion

This study provided comprehensive bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis of the global ketamine research landscape, offering valuable insights into the trends, key contributors, and thematic focus areas within the field. By delineating the evolution of ketamine research, this study aims to guide future scholarly endeavors and enhance our understanding of ketamine’s therapeutic potential.
The Mediterranean-dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dai Linxiong , Lin Xiaoxiao , Wang Shuai , Gao Yue , He Fei
Published: June 2024

The MIND diet is a healthy dietary pattern that has some benefits for many health outcomes. Our study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the MIND diet, identifying leading edges and hotspots to provide a reference for future research. The research on the MIND diet was gathered from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. For bibliometric analysis, VOSviewer 1.6.16 and the WOSCC Online Analysis Platform were utilized. In total, this comprehensive investigation encompassed 171 documents in the field of the MIND diet. The publications are globally distributed, with contributions from 953 authors across 362 institutions in 37 countries/regions, and published in 94 journals. The United States leads with 72 publications, and Iran and the People’s Republic of China also show notable engagement with 28 and 19 publications, respectively. Rush University stands out with 21 publications, followed by Harvard University and Tehran University of Medical Sciences, demonstrating their substantial contributions to this field. Martha Clare Morris is a key figure with 10 publications, alongside Klodian Dhana and Puja Agarwal, each contributing 9 publications, highlighting their influence in the MIND diet research. The journal “Nutrients” is a major publication venue with 20 related articles, followed by “Frontiers in Nutrition” and “Journal of Nutrition Health Aging,” reflecting their crucial roles in advancing knowledge about the MIND diet. The first high-cited publication was published in Alzheimers & Dementia and conducted by Martha Clare Morris, which focuses on the MIND diet’s relationship with Alzheimer’s disease prevention and cognitive decline and emphasizes the diet’s neuroprotective potential, highlighting how even moderate adherence can substantially reduce Alzheimer’s risk and slow cognitive decline. In conclusion, this is the first comprehensive bibliometric study that quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the publications in the field of the MIND diet. The MIND diet may be a promising dietary pattern for dementia. However, the current evidence is restricted and highlights the urgency and necessity of further research to investigate the efficacy of this diet for cognitive function. In addition, the MIND diet may have some benefits for other health outcomes, including CVDs, cancer, and diabetes. The number of studies in the field of the MIND diet is limited. More studies are needed, and will give us more knowledge about the MIND diet to improve human health, especially for dementia.
A transformer-based multi-task deep learning model for simultaneous T-stage identification and segmentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yang Kaifan , Dong Xiuyu , Tang Fan , Ye Feng , Chen Bei , Liang Shujun , Zhang Yu , Xu Yikai
Published: June 2024

Background

Accurate tumor target contouring and T staging are vital for precision radiation therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Identifying T-stage and contouring the Gross tumor volume (GTV) manually is a laborious and highly time-consuming process. Previous deep learning-based studies have mainly been focused on tumor segmentation, and few studies have specifically addressed the tumor staging of NPC.

Objectives

To bridge this gap, we aim to devise a model that can simultaneously identify T-stage and perform accurate segmentation of GTV in NPC.

Materials and methods

We have developed a transformer-based multi-task deep learning model that can perform two tasks simultaneously: delineating the tumor contour and identifying T-stage. Our retrospective study involved contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (CE-T1WI) of 320 NPC patients (T-stage: T1-T4) collected between 2017 and 2020 at our institution, which were randomly allocated into three cohorts for three-fold cross-validations, and conducted the external validation using an independent test set. We evaluated the predictive performance using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) and accuracy (ACC), with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and the contouring performance using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and average surface distance (ASD).

Results

Our multi-task model exhibited sound performance in GTV contouring (median DSC: 0.74; ASD: 0.97 mm) and T staging (AUC: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82–0.87) across 320 patients. In early T category tumors, the model achieved a median DSC of 0.74 and ASD of 0.98 mm, while in advanced T category tumors, it reached a median DSC of 0.74 and ASD of 0.96 mm. The accuracy of automated T staging was 76% (126 of 166) for early stages (T1-T2) and 64% (99 of 154) for advanced stages (T3-T4). Moreover, experimental results show that our multi-task model outperformed the other single-task models.

Conclusions

This study emphasized the potential of multi-task model for simultaneously delineating the tumor contour and identifying T-stage. The multi-task model harnesses the synergy between these interrelated learning tasks, leading to improvements in the performance of both tasks. The performance demonstrates the potential of our work for delineating the tumor contour and identifying T-stage and suggests that it can be a practical tool for supporting clinical precision radiation therapy.
Focal adhesion kinase and its epigenetic interactors as diagnostic and therapeutic hints for pediatric hepatoblastoma
Authors: Braghini Maria Rita , De Stefanis Cristiano , Tiano Francesca , Castellano Aurora , Cicolani Nicolo’ , Pezzullo Marco , Tocco Valeria , Spada Marco , Alaggio Rita , Alisi Anna , Francalanci Paola
Published: June 2024

Background

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric hepatic malignancy. Despite the progress in HB treatment, investigating HB pathomechanisms to optimize stratification and therapies remains a focal point to improve the outcome for high-risk patients.

Methods

Here, we pointed to explore the impact of these mechanisms in HB. An observational study was performed on liver samples from a cohort of 17 patients with a diagnosis of HB and two normal liver samples. The in vitro experiments were executed on the Huh6 human HB cell line treated with the FAK inhibitor TAE226.

Results

Our results highlight a significant up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of FAK in livers from HB with respect to normal livers. The increased protein expression of total and Tyr397 phosphorylated FAK (pTyr397FAK) was significantly correlated with the expression of some epigenetic regulators of histone H3 methylation and acetylation. Of note, the expression of pTyr397FAK, N-methyltransferase enzyme (EZH2) and tri-methylation of the H3K27 residue correlated with tumor size and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Finally, TAE226 caused a significant reduction of pTyr397FAK, epigenetic regulators, AFP, EPCAM, OCT4, and SOX2, in association with anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on HB cells.

Conclusion

Our results suggest a role of FAK in HB that requires further investigations mainly focused on the exploration of its effective diagnostic and therapeutic translatability.
Hepatitis-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: an observational, retrospective, pharmacovigilance study using the FAERS database
Authors: Fu Zhiwen , Liu Jinmei , Zhang Cong , Hu Huiping , Li Shijun , Zhang Yu , You Ruxu
Published: June 2024

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, have become a standard treatment for multiple cancer types. However, ICIs can induce immune-related adverse events, with hepatitis-related adverse events (HRAEs) being of particular concern. Our objective is to identify and characterize HRAEs that exhibit a significant association with ICIs using real-world data.

Methods: In this observational and retrospective pharmacovigilance study, we extracted real-world adverse events reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database spanning from the first quarter of 2004 to the first quarter of 2023. We conducted both Frequentist and Bayesian methodologies in the framework of disproportionality analysis, which included the reporting odds ratios (ROR) and information components (IC) to explore the intricate relationship between ICIs and HRAEs.

Results: Through disproportionality analysis, we identified three categories of HRAEs as being significantly related with ICIs, including autoimmune hepatitis (634 cases, ROR 19.34 [95% CI 17.80–21.02]; IC025 2.43), immune-mediated hepatitis (546 cases, ROR 217.24 [189.95–248.45]; IC025 4.75), and hepatitis fulminant (80 cases, ROR 4.56 [3.65–5.70]; IC025 0.49). The median age of patients who report ICI-related HRAEs was 63 years (interquartile range [IQR] 53.8–72), with a fatal outcome observed in 24.9% (313/1,260) of these reports. Cases pertaining to skin cancer, lung cancer, and kidney cancer constituted the majority of these occurrences. Patients treated with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies exhibited a higher frequency of immune-mediated hepatitis in comparison to those undergoing anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy, with a ROR of 3.59 (95% CI 1.78–6.18). Moreover, the dual ICI therapy demonstrated higher reporting rates of ICI-related HRAEs compared to ICI monotherapy.

Conclusion: Our findings confirm that ICI treatment carries a significant risk of severe HRAEs, in particular autoimmune hepatitis, immune-mediated hepatitis, and hepatitis fulminant. Healthcare providers should exercise heightened vigilance regarding these risks when managing patients receiving ICIs.
Research progress on Alpinia oxyphylla in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Xiaomin , Ma Tianpeng , Xie Yiqiang
Published: June 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) constitutes a major microvascular complication of diabetes and is a primary cause of mortality in diabetic individuals. With the global rise in diabetes, DN has become an urgent health issue. Currently, there is no definitive cure for DN. Alpinia oxyphylla, a Chinese herbal medicine traditionally used, exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects and is frequently used in the prevention and management of DN. This paper offers an extensive review of the biological mechanisms by which A. oxyphylla delivers therapeutic advantages in DN management. These mechanisms include activating podocyte autophagy, regulating non-coding RNA, modulating gut microbiota, alleviating lipotoxicity, counteracting oxidative stress, and diminishing inflammatory responses, underscoring the therapeutic potential of A. oxyphylla in DN treatment.
The reprotoxic adverse side effects of neurogenic and neuroprotective drugs: current use of human organoid modeling as a potential alternative to preclinical models
Authors: Abady Mariam M. , Jeong Ji-Seon , Kwon Ha-Jeong , Assiri Abdullah M. , Cho Jongki , Saadeldin Islam M.
Published: June 2024

The management of neurological disorders heavily relies on neurotherapeutic drugs, but notable concerns exist regarding their possible negative effects on reproductive health. Traditional preclinical models often fail to accurately predict reprotoxicity, highlighting the need for more physiologically relevant systems. Organoid models represent a promising approach for concurrently studying neurotoxicity and reprotoxicity, providing insights into the complex interplay between neurotherapeutic drugs and reproductive systems. Herein, we have examined the molecular mechanisms underlying neurotherapeutic drug-induced reprotoxicity and discussed experimental findings from case studies. Additionally, we explore the utility of organoid models in elucidating the reproductive complications of neurodrug exposure. Have discussed the principles of organoid models, highlighting their ability to recapitulate neurodevelopmental processes and simulate drug-induced toxicity in a controlled environment. Challenges and future perspectives in the field have been addressed with a focus on advancing organoid technologies to improve reprotoxicity assessment and enhance drug safety screening. This review underscores the importance of organoid models in unraveling the complex relationship between neurotherapeutic drugs and reproductive health.
Growing pains with kratom: experiences discussed in subreddits contrast with satisfaction expressed in surveys
Authors: Rogers Jeffrey M. , Colvin Kayla , Epstein David H. , Grundmann Oliver , McCurdy Christopher R. , Smith Kirsten E.
Published: June 2024

Background

“Kratom” refers to an array of bioactive products derived from Mitragyna speciosa, a tree indigenous to Southeast Asia. Most kratom consumers report analgesic and stimulatory effects, and common reasons for use are to address mental and physical health needs, manage pain, and to reduce use of other substances. Natural-history studies and survey studies suggest that many kratom consumers perceive benefits from those uses, but such studies are unlikely to capture the full range of kratom-use experiences.

Methods

We collected text data from Reddit posts from 2020-2022 to qualitatively examine conceptualizations, motivations, effects, and consequences associated with kratom use among people posting to social media. Reddit posts mentioning kratom were studied using template thematic analysis, which included collecting descriptions of kratom product types and use practices. Network analyses of coded themes was performed to examine independent relationships among themes, and between themes and product types.

Results

Codes were applied to 329 of the 370 posts that comprised the final sample; 134 posts contained kratom product descriptions. As Reddit accounts were functionally anonymous, demographic estimates were untenable. Themes included kratom physical dependence (tolerance, withdrawal, or use to avoid withdrawal), perceived addiction (net detrimental effects on functioning), and quitting. Extract products were positively associated with reports of perceived addiction, dependence, and experiences of quitting kratom. Many used kratom for energy and self-treatment of pain, fatigue, and problems associated with opioid and alcohol; they perceived these uses as effective. Consumers expressed frustrations about product inconsistencies and lack of product information.

Conclusion

As in previous studies, kratom was deemed helpful for some and a hindrance to others, but we also found evidence of notable negative experiences with kratom products that have not been well documented in surveys. Daily kratom use may produce mild-moderate physical dependence, with greater severity being possibly more common with concentrated extracts; however, there are currently no human laboratory studies of concentrated kratom extracts. Such studies, and detailed kratom product information, are needed to help inform consumer decision-making.
The information propagation mechanism of individual heterogeneous adoption behavior under the heterogeneous network
Authors: Cui Shiru , Zhu Xuzhen
Published: June 2024

To explore heterogeneous behavior diffusion in the same population under a heterogeneous network, this study establishes a dual-layer heterogeneous network model to simulate the spreading patterns of hesitant individuals and regular individuals in different networks. It analyzes the influence of to investigate heterogeneous behavior diffusion within the same population in a heterogeneous network, this paper establishes a dual-layer heterogeneous network model to simulate the spreading patterns of hesitant individuals and regular individuals in different networks. It analyzes the influence of individuals’ hesitation states and different spreading patterns in heterogeneous networks on the information diffusion mechanism. In the propagation of this model, when either layer of the dual-layer network becomes the dominant spreading layer, second-order continuous spreading is observed. However, when the regular adoption behavior serves as the dominant spreading layer, its spreading threshold occurs earlier than the spreading threshold when hesitant adoption behavior is the dominant spreading layer. When there is no dominant spreading layer, first-order discontinuous spreading is observed, and the spreading threshold occurs later than the threshold in the presence of a dominant spreading layer. Additionally, the study discovers the existence of cross-phase transitions during the spreading process. The results of theoretical analysis align with the simulation results.
The influence of “momentum” on the game outcome while controlling for game types in basketball
Authors: Qiu Mingjia , Zhang Shaoliang , Yi Qing , Zhou Changjing , Zhang Mingxin
Published: June 2024

In competitive sports, momentum encompasses positive or negative changes in cognition, physiology, emotions, and behavior caused by sudden or a series of continuous events. Momentum occurring during basketball games leads to significant performance variation regarding positive net points differences for a specific team within a certain period. This study designed a quantitative framework based on two performative dimensions (time constraints and point differentials) to accurately identify momentum in basketball games, and explored the role of momentum in games. We identified 2,083 momentum occurrences in 372 professional elite basketball games. The number of momentum occurrences for winning teams is significantly higher than for losing teams (1.78 ± 0.47 Difference Value, p < 0.001); the correlation between momentum and game outcomes decreased as each quarter progressed. To distinguish the influence of contextual variables on momentum, we divided games into five types based on the team quality differences between the team and the opponent team. The decision tree model shows that first-quarter momentum is critical in games where weaker teams defeat stronger teams. This study provides insights for basketball coaches to formulate game strategies. More importantly, the momentum conceptual framework can help researchers identify and capture momentum, offering inspiration and reference for subsequent research.
Bidirectional relationship between C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms considering cumulative effect among Chinese middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Zhao Ningxuan , Jiang Lin , Hu Meijing , Zhang Baiyang , Lin Yidie , Yao Qiang , Hao Jingjing , Zhu Cairong
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Research examining the bidirectional relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and depressive symptoms, while accounting for cumulative effect of repeated episodes of CRP or depressive symptoms, is currently deficient in non-Western populations.

Methods

A nationally representative population-based cohort data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was utilized. In bi-directional analysis, we considered both single determinations and two successive determinations of CRP or depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the association between elevated CRP levels at baseline or repeated episodes of CRP elevations over two successive determinations and subsequent elevated depressive symptoms, and vice versa.

Results

Although single determinations of CRP or depressive symptoms yielded non-significant results in both directions, full multivariate models, adjusting for baseline depressive symptoms, socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, metabolic measures, and health status, revealed a significantly positive association based on two successive determinations of CRP or depressive symptoms. This significant association was observed between cumulative effects of sustained CRP elevations over two successive determinations (2 vs. 0) and subsequent elevated depressive symptoms (OR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.17) and between cumulative effect of repeated episodes of depression (2 vs. 0) and later elevated CRP (OR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.56). Furthermore, sex-stratified analyses confirmed the robustness of these relationships.

Conclusion

There are bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and CRP, driven by the cumulative effect of repeated episodes of CRP or depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. These findings hold significant clinical implications, highlighting the potential of both anti-inflammatory and anti-depression approaches.