bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative technology advances public health disease surveillance in developing countries
Authors: Tamaki Raita
Published: November 2019

Disease outbreaks pose a real threat and can be particularly damaging and difficult to control in developing countries where health resources are limited. Key to this is public health surveillance, which is succinctly defined by the WHO as 'an ongoing, systematic collection, analysis
and interpretation of health-related data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice'. This practice is key to informing disease prevention and control measures. Dr Raita Tamaki is a disease surveillance advisor of JICA and his expertise is brought
up by 16-year experiences in developing countries, including Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Kenya. In the Philippines, he was responsible for setting up and managing the hospital and community based surveillance system for comprehensive epidemiological and etiological studies to generate
reliable data with technology and provide generalizable evidence for sustainable health system and practice under the Department of Virology, Tohoku University School of Medicine in Sendai, Japan. Currently operating as a disease surveillance advisor in Kenya, Tamaki is working for the Ministry
of Health (MoH) as a JICA expert. 'Due to limited capacities and resources in developing countries, more efficient and cost-effective methods with innovative technologies for disease surveillance and outbreak control need to be developed and applied.' he highlights. Tamaki believes that every
single figure in health statistics such as mortality has its own story. Imagination towards the stories and innovation in technology for surveillance are two pillars that uphold his enthusiasm for improving public health in developing countries.
A new heart model on natural substrate and nanotechnology
Authors: Feng Zhonggang
Published: November 2019

Cardiovascular diseases – the leading cause of death in men and women worldwide – often cause damage to the heart and mean that tissue needs to be repaired. In order to mend heart tissue, a focus for researchers tends to be on cardiomyocytes (CMs), because these cells don't
proliferate themselves after birth, which is the major obstruction for heart regeneration. Researchers are also working to engineer cardiac tissue to promote cellular therapies for heart disease, Dr Zhonggang Feng is one such scientist. Feng has a background in biomedical engineering and his
interest in the mechanical behaviour of cultured CMs has led him to his current work on a research project to engineer specific cardiac tissue. Feng and his team are working on the differentiation of human iPS cells to obtain atrial or ventricular cardiomyocytes in situ at the right place
on the substrate made from natural extracellular matrix. In addition, they are attempting to create an architecture in which flexible conductive tracts between atrial and ventricular cells can propagate, producing a new heart model.The hope is that if Feng can succeed, this will enable a novel
heart model to be integrated, which could potentially have major benefits for people with heart problems.
Stress assessment by psychophysiological monitoring in daily life
Authors: Kanbara Kenji , Morita Yukihiro
Published: November 2019

Stress is a natural phenomenon designed to serve as the body's natural survival reaction to real or perceived threats. It is a complex and multifaceted function and its purpose is to allow organisms to adapt quickly to a potentially dangerous situation, promoting an individual's likelihood
of survival. Stress levels peak markedly in a 'fight or flight' incident, then reduce again after danger has passed. Stress is designed to work in an acute situation, but when the stress becomes chronic – as is often the case in many modern lifestyles–the body remains constantly
on high alert, potentially causing a number of stress-related symptoms. While the exact mechanisms behind it are not clearly understood, stress is recognised as having a major impact on overall human health and wellbeing and, indeed, may directly or indirectly lead to illnesses such as organic
or functional disorders, cancer and mental health conditions. Mental health issues and stress-related diseases are becoming ever-more prevalent as modern lifestyles become more pressured, particularly within sub-populations such as those who work in hospitals and in industry. However, the
general population is also becoming increasingly affected by stress. Professor Kenji Kanbara, from the Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine at Kagawa University in Japan, is a medical doctor who has an extensive experience in understanding more about stress-related illnesses.
'Psychosomatic processes are subconsciously progressive, and the health threat is significant for that reason,' he highlights. Thus, it is important to be able to recognise and deal with increased stress levels to forestall further health issues.
New lung cancer treatment strategy with molecular target of PKCeta
Authors: Ohba Motoi
Published: November 2019

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal forms of the disease accounting for almost 20 per cent of all deaths from cancer. It is therefore the leading cause of cancer death in men and second most fatal in women. There are between 1.5 and 2 million new cases of cancer globally
every year. A similar number die from the disease annually. There are two forms of lung cancer – small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). SCLC is the more aggressive form being faster growing and more metastatic, however it also responds more effectively
to treatments such as chemotherapy. NSCLC is the more common form of the disease, accounting for 85 per cent of cases. They develop more slowly than SCLCs, however they are largely unresponsive to chemotherapy and require precise surgical removal. Both present a huge medical problem in terms
of diagnosis and treatment. Due to its far higher prevalence, NSCLC is the most studied of the two forms. A chemotherapeutic treatment has been developed that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is majorly upregulated in most cases and plays a key role in the tumour's
growth and survival. The treatment blocks the receptor and is usually very effective in the first instances. However, it is typically unable to clear the cancer as a single nucleotide mutation is capable of rendering the inhibitor unable to act on the receptor. Therefore, the cancer returns
and continues to develop. New treatments are also required. This is the work of Dr Motoi Ohba of the Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Japan. His work is aimed at both uncovering novel targets for cancer treatment and finding and developing molecules that
could effectively manipulate these targets.
An adaptive numerical scheme for a partial integro-differential equation
Authors: Georgiou F. , Lamichhane B. , Thamwattana N.
Published: November 2019

One method of modelling cell-cell adhesion gives rise to a partial integro-differential equation. While non-adaptive techniques work in the numerical modelling of such an equation, there are also many opportunities for optimisation. The studied partial integro-differential equation has a tendency to produce aggregations leaving large regions where both the function value and derivative are equal to zero, leading to a higher resolution than needed and lower than desired resolution where the aggregations form. In order to overcome this we develop an adaptive scheme in both space and time using a modified form of Matlab's ode45 and finite volume methods to more efficiently simulate the studied partial integro-differential equation. We use our numerical scheme to simulate the problem presented by Armstrong et al. [J. Theor. Biol. 243 (2006), pp. 98--113] and compare results.

References N. J. Armstrong, K. J. Painter, and J. A. Sherratt. A continuum approach to modelling cell-cell adhesion. J. Theor. Biol., 243:98113, 2006. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.05.030. R. J. LeVeque. Finite volume methods for hyperbolic problems. Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics. Cambridge University Press, 2002. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511791253. C. F. Van Loan. Introduction to scientific computing: A matrix vector approach using MATLAB. MATLAB Curriculum. Prentise Hall, 1997. J. A. Sheratt, S. A. Gourley, N. J. Armstrong, and K. J. Painter. Boundedness of solutions of a non-local reaction-diffusion model for adhesion in cell aggregation and cancer invasion. Eur. J. Appl. Math., 20(1):123144, 2009. doi:10.1017/S0956792508007742. M. S. Steinberg. On the mechanism of tissue reconstruction by dissociated cells, I. Population kinetics, differential adhesiveness and the absence of directed migration. P. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 48(9):15771582, 1962a. doi:10.1073/pnas.48.9.1577. M. S. Steinberg. Mechanism of tissue reconstruction by dissociated cells, II: Time-course of events. Science, 137(3532):762763, 1962b. doi:10.1126/science.137.3532.762. M. S. Steinberg. On the mechanism of tissue reconstruction by dissociated cells, III. Free energy relations and the reorganisation of fused, heteronomic tissue fragments. P. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 48(10):17691776, 1962c. doi:10.1073/pnas.48.10.1769. P. L. Townes and J. Holtfreter. Directed movements and selective adhesion of embryonic amphibian cells. J. Exp. Zool., 128(1):53120, 1955. doi:10.1002/jez.1401280105.
Derandomised lattice rules for high dimensional integration
Authors: Kazashi Y. , Kuo F. Y. , Sloan I. H.
Published: November 2019

We seek shifted lattice rules that are good for high dimensional integration over the unit cube in the setting of an unanchored weighted Sobolev space of functions with square-integrable mixed first derivatives. Many existing studies rely on random shifting of the lattice, whereas here we work with lattice rules with a deterministic shift. Specifically, we consider 'half-shifted' rules in which each component of the shift is an odd multiple of \(1/(2N)\) where \(N\) is the number of points in the lattice. By applying the principle that there is always at least one choice as good as the average, we show that for a given generating vector there exists a half-shifted rule whose squared worst-case error differs from the shift-averaged squared worst-case error by a term of only order \({1/N^2}\). We carry out numerical experiments where the generating vector is chosen component-by-component (CBC), as for randomly shifted lattices, and where the shift is chosen by a new `CBC for shift' algorithm. The numerical results are encouraging.

References J. Dick, F. Y. Kuo, and I. H. Sloan. High-dimensional integration: The quasi-Monte Carlo way. Acta Numer., 22:133–288, 2013. doi:10.1017/S0962492913000044. J. Dick, D. Nuyens, and F. Pillichshammer. Lattice rules for nonperiodic smooth integrands. Numer. Math., 126(2):259–291, 2014. doi:10.1007/s00211-013-0566-0. T. Goda, K. Suzuki, and T. Yoshiki. Lattice rules in non-periodic subspaces of sobolev spaces. Numer. Math., 141(2):399–427, 2019. doi:10.1007/s00211-018-1003-1. F. Y. Kuo. Lattice rule generating vectors. URL http://web.maths.unsw.edu.au/ fkuo/lattice/index.html. D. Nuyens and R. Cools. Fast algorithms for component-by-component construction of rank-1 lattice rules in shift-invariant reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Math. Comput., 75:903–920, 2006. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-06-01785-6. I. H. Sloan and S. Joe. Lattice methods for multiple integration. Oxford Science Publications. Clarendon Press and Oxford University Press, 1994. URL https://global.oup.com/academic/product/lattice-methods-for-multiple-integration-9780198534723. I. H. Sloan and H. Wozniakowski. When are quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms efficient for high dimensional integrals? J. Complex., 14(1):1–33, 1998. doi:10.1006/jcom.1997.0463. I. H. Sloan, F. Y. Kuo, and S. Joe. On the step-by-step construction of quasi-Monte Carlo integration rules that achieve strong tractability error bounds in weighted Sobolev spaces. Math. Comput., 71:1609–1641, 2002. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-02-01420-5.
European Union’s Asia Policy in the Context of Normative Connectivity
Authors: Papatheologou Vasiliki
Published: November 2019

Asia is a region of vital interest for the European Union (EU) in economic and in security sector. The European Union (EU) Asia policy focuses on strengthening the economic relations with the Asian Partners. European Union’s Asia strategy towards can be interpreted as a balanced pursuit of strengthened political, economic cooperation and rules based connectivity with Asia. The European Union has to reinforce the mechanism in decision making with regards to the adoption of consistent strategy towards Asia. The European Union (EU) is a norm entrepreneur and exporter in such a way as the application of the norms with the international community is considered to be necessary for global governance under the spirit of inter-regionalism. The European Union is a model of regionalization in Asia and a model for promoting “normative multilateralism”.
Bearing strength calculation of end-bearing piles under recognition of cohesive friction on the pile surface
Authors: Utkin Vladimir
Published: November 2019

Introduction. It is a drawback of the existing end-bearing pile design method for soil base bearing capacity that the latter is not taken into account in the assessment of the foundation soil action above the rock or a low-compression soil layer in all cases in accordance with the Building Code 24.13330.2011. However, taking into account the bearing capacity of this layer of the soil base in the load accommodation by the end-bearing pile (under recognition of the pile weight) could increase its calculated bearing capacity by the respective value of the soil base bearing capacity in combination with the soil support action under the pile’s lower end. The objective of the research is improving the trustworthiness of the calculation result of the bearing strength of end-bearing piles in the soil base, identifying the pile’s bearing strength reserve by taking in account the additional soil base bearing capacity due to the cohesive friction on the side surface of the pile.

Materials and methods. The object of the research are piles of any applicable materials. The methods of calculation of the end-bearing piles are based on on cohesive friction values and their distribution along the pile length in a limit state calculation model in terms of the soil base bearing capacity.

Results. The paper presents the equation of the ultimate compression load of the end-bearing pile in terms of the foundation base soil bearing capacity and the formula for the base soil bearing capacity reserve factor of the pile. The calculation of the pile bearing strength in terms of the material strength is referenced in the bibliography.

Conclusions. A calculation method of end-bearing piles bearing strength was developed based both on the bearing capacity of soil base under the pile lower end and the additional soil bearing capacity along the flanks of the pile. The method could be applied also for calculations of the bearing strength of deep slot-type foundations. A quantitative assessment of the end-bearing pile on the design stage of a building with a pile foundation is given, prerequisite is made for further studies of the action of end-bearing piles and development of design codes for various piles in terms of material, type of support action, methods of immersion in the soil, etc.
Assessment of the impact of forest plantations on the intensity of commercial frequency electromagnetic fields
Authors: Amirkhanian Maria
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Influence of forest plantations on intensity of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of commercial frequency (50 Hz), generated by high voltage power transmission line (PTL), is considered.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted near the village of Boltino in the Moscow Region. The EMF measurements were made on two profiles perpendicular to the 500 kV PTL (power transmission line) axis, one of which passes through the forest area, the other one does not cross it. Measurements of commercial frequency electromagnetic fields (CFEMF) were carried out using a measurement device and antennas, designed to measure the intensities of magnetic and electrical fields.

Results. The comparative analysis of the character of change of electric and magnetic components of EMF with distance from the PTL axis allowed to establish the effect of EMF intensity decrease starting from the forest area boundary. Diagrams show that EMF reduction effect is more pronounced for the electrical component.

Conclusions. The revealed effect to a certain extent shows the analogy of the forest area with the Faraday cage. However, such an analogy is not complete due to the fact that the forest area is not a perfectly conductive body, but has only a low conductivity. Additional EMF reduction occurs as a result of partial EMF energy absorption by the forest area
Computerized testing as efficient form of objective knowledge monitoring in studying of technical subjects
Authors: Kuznetsov Vitaly , Polekhina Galina , Shaposhnikova Yulia
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Objective and regular students’ knowledge monitoring in technical subjects can be implemented by means of special tests allowing for the required mastering level of the matter and the reliable consolidation of the acquired knowledge. Various aspects of the application of tests in the academic activity were considered.

Materials and methods. Tests used in practical studies should meet specific requirements, such as: validity, definiteness, simplicity, unambiguity, reliability. The identification of mastering levels makes it possible to “troubleshoot” and to improve the academic activity and the mastering degree of the competences by the students. Based on the assessment of the studying pattern of the forthcoming activity, one could point out four mastering levels of the subject matter. Level I tests include recognition, discrimination and classification. Level II tests monitor the mastering of the subject in the level of “reproduction” allowing for retrieval of information from the memory and its analysis, for routine assignment solutions. Level III tests impose special assignments challenging a student with quests for which no ready algorithms are catered, whereas the solutions found lead to obtaining of subjectively new information. Level IV tests reveal students’ capability to take decisions in new problematic situations, the solutions found, being a result of creative activity, are followed by obtaining of objectively new information.

Results. To establish an efficient system of monitoring tests in a certain subject, a number of basic prerequisites is required, such as a data base, a sample group of with the required number of assignments, at least 30 and maximum 70, a time limit in accordance with the required labor intensity, assessment of the assignments and its criteria, the output of the results.

Conclusions. If there is a required number of computers of at least one PC per two students, correctly arranged computer testing considerably reduces time demand of a monitoring event, increases the responsibility and the progress of the students, guarantees the objectiveness of the knowledge monitoring and helps to avoid conflicts.
Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility — a long-term pending project
Authors: Zaytsev Boris , Egorov Igor
Published: November 2019

Introduction. In 1971, “Schedule of multi-purpose use and protection of water resources of the basin of the Belaya River” envisaged construction of a cascade of 10 waterworks facilities, subdivided in 4 sections. Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility was planned for construction in the third section, the most lucrative in terms of energetic utilization. However, of the three HPPs planned in this section: Varyazhskaya, Nizhne-Suyanskaya and Pavlovskaya HPP, for the time being, only Pavlovskaya HPP has been built.

Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility had the mission to solve water household, energy and socio-economic problems.

Materials and methods. Initial material for the study were the results of the “Substantiation of the investment in the construction of Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility in the Ufa River in the Republic of Bashkortostan” prepared by ОJSC Energy Engineering Centre of Volga Region. Based on the retrieved data, the following analyses were made: a theoretical analysis, an estimate substantiation; subsequently, conclusions were put down based on the obtained results.

Results. The optimum solution is a comprehensive waterworks facility, since Nizhne-Suyanskaya HPP will allow for improvement of the electrical power supply of the consumers of the NE part of the Bashkir power supply network. The construction of Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility will enable the control of the water influx to the water storage basin of Pavlovskaya HPP allowing for its increased generation power.

The construction of the waterworks facility is supposed to carry out in 2 stages. The first stage will be the erection of a concrete overflow weir as a single unit with the HPP building. The second stage will be the construction of a soil dam of local construction materials, that is: dam body of sand and gravel soil, PFU core of loamy soil. Simultaneously with the soil dam, on the right bank a solid blind concrete weir will be erected.

Conclusions. Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility unfortunately was not built. Feasibility studies have demonstrated a rate of return of the waterworks facility of 12.8 %, the value being a little higher than the standard one. This justifies investment in Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility. The basic feasibility factors of the construction of the waterworks facility are: Federal support, project engagement of the executive authority of the Republic of Bashkortostan and PJSC RusHydro, as well as availability of free investment funds.
Numerical hydrodynamic researches for justifying design of the Nizhny Novgorod low-head hydraulic system
Authors: Glotko Anna , Belikov Vitalii , Borisova Natalia , Vasil`eva Ekaterina , Rumjancev Aleksey
Published: November 2019

Introduction. A problem area of the Volga river between the Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric power station and the city of Nizhny Novgorod has been surveyed, where unfavourable conditions for navigation, power generation, and safe living in the downstream are formed as a result of the landing level. The only solution to the problem is construction of a low-head hydraulic system (NNGU) that will reduce intensity of relief re-formations in the downstream of the Nizhny Novgorod hydraulic system and stop lowering of the bottom and level marks in this area. Purpose of this research is to study processes that occur upstream and downstream from the site of the facility to identify hazardous trends and develop practical solutions to minimize negative impacts; as well as a review of mathematical models conducted in this area for improving navigation conditions. Materials and methods. Materials of previous researches on this subject, pre-design engineering surveys and layout drawings of the designed hydraulic system are used. The researches have been performed with numerical methods using Stream 2D software package that is based on the two-dimensional differential equation Saint-Venant system. Options for low-flow conditions are considered, taking into account passing of the Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric power station, as well as rare floods. Results. Plans for distribution of velocity modules and vectors are created, which show that construction of the low-pressure hydraulic system results in decrease in slopes and velocities of water in the problem area of the Volga-Kama cascade, as a result of which intensity of bottom deformations decreases. Rare flow passage demonstrated that difference in pools is insignificant, while, at the same time, flow of water along the left-bank floodplain passes more than believed before. Calculations of low-flow conditions demonstrated a number of deficiencies in the design, which are associated with insufficient throughput and uneven distribution of flow rates in the discharge area of the waterfront. Conclusion The results demonstrated a practical importance of using mathematical simulation with numerical methods in a two-dimensional formulation, which allow us to consider processes in more detailed manner and change the hydraulic system design in a timely manner.
Impact of rockfill dam structure heterogeneity on reinforced concrete face stress-strain state
Authors: Sainov Mikhail , Egorov Igor , Pak Konstantin
Published: November 2019

Introduction. One of the main principles in designing modern ultra-high rockfill dams with reinforced concrete face is the principle of zoning rockfill of various quality in the dam body. It envisages that rockfill in the shell upper part should be compacted very carefully in order to minimize to the maximum the deflections of the reinforced concrete face. In the shell lower part it is allowed placing heterogeneous rockfill with less degree of compaction. Analysis of the results of field observations over settlements of the already constructed dams shows that this pattern of zoning may lead to considerable irregularity in distribution of rockfill deformation moduli between the upstream and the downstream parts of the dam. Numerical modeling of the existing Aguamilpa dam carried out by use arlier showed that this effect may be caused by unfavorable stress-strain state of the reinforced concrete face threatening with crack formation. Were come ended using dams of homogenous structure. However, this conclusion caused doubts of some experts. More detailed studies who see results are described in this article were conducted in order to confirm or disprove this conclusion.

Materials and methods. The studies were conducted by finite element method on the example of 100 m high rockfill dam. Different alternatives of rockfill deformation properties in the shell upstream and downstream parts were considered.

Results. Analysis of the results of studies confirmed the conclusions made earlier about the features of the rockfill dam reinforced concrete face stress-strain state. It was revealed that increase of rockfill deformation in the dam shell downstream part leads to appearance of additional tensile longitudinal force in the face. It increases the risk of appearance of through transversal cracks in the face. However, the heterogeneous structure of the dam shell may not have a decisive impact on stress values because the value of bending moment plays a great role.

Conclusions. The results of the fulfilled study as well as modern dam construction practice show the necessity of modifying the traditional pattern of rockfill zoning in the dam body. It is necessary to provide decrease of differences in rockfill deformation of the upstream and downstream parts of the dam.
Modern high-rise architecture in terms of historical development of Ryazan
Authors: Duzhik Daria , Kozhnova Anna
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Preservation of historical and cultural environment is one of the most important tasks nowadays. Nevertheless, a developing city requires the development of architectural and urban environment, which contributes to the emerging of modern objects in historical areas of the city, often discordant. The primary parameter that determines the degree of discordance is the excess of the average height of the building, as well as architectural and stylistic parameters, placement in the structure of the city, etc. The problem of general increase in number of storeys in historical core of the city requires studies, analysis and definition of some restrictions in order to preserve the integrity and authenticity of the historical and cultural environment.

Materials and methods. The work is based on the study of contemporary foreign and domestic solution experience of the problem of modern architecture in the conditions of historical construction image. The initial data for the studies were the materials of the current Project of zones of protection of objects of cultural heritage of Ryazan, and project materials developed in 2017. On the basis of field survey and the analysis of photographic images of buildings in the development, the nature and complexity of the architectural composition.

Results. In accordance with the current Project of protection zones the most typical examples of multi-storey buildings in the historical context were identified, a characteristic and an assessment of the degree of their discordance were given.

Conclusions. The study was aimed to solve the problem of preserving the integrity and authenticity of the historical and cultural environment in the construction of modern multi-storey buildings. The emerging of new buildings in historical core is necessary and inevitable, so, some architectural and urban planning techniques were revealed to reduce the degree of discordance
Individual houses on complex relief in the province of Latakia, Syria, on a new structural basis
Authors: Saoud Yara , Zabalueva Tatiana
Published: November 2019

Introduction. The current problems of post-war Syria are related to the migration of people from hostility areas where the housing stock is substantially destroyed to the areas which remained intact of the war. Such a region in the country is the province of Latakia, Kasab being the biggest city located in a mountain “bowl”. However, there is almost no flat terrain, and construction is being carried out on the slopes surrounding the city. The paper substantiates the rationale for construction of houses on the relief on the basis of a new structural system called “carrier floor” which allows for significant reduction of the cost of such houses (by 1.5x), as well as for space and layout design solutions based thereon which meet both current requirements for housing and Arab cultural traditions.

Materials and methods. The study has been carried out based on statistical and geographical data for Kasab; analyses of Syrian and Russian codes, scientific and analytical sources in literature, as well as on the analysis of the “carrier floor” structural system, its economic advantages and space-planning capabilities.

Results. As a result of the study of individual housing on the basis of the “carrier floor” the advantages of this system were determined, which allow for compliance with current requirements of housing shaping in terms of space and layout solutions based on the example of Kasab; examples of space-planning and compositional solutions are given.

Conclusions. The “carrier floor” structural scheme has made it possible to develop recommendations for creating space layout and composition solutions for individual residential buildings on the relief in Kasab City located in a mountain valley. The use of this structural system allows for reduction the cost of construction, and for the opportunity of free planning and alteration on demand due to the absence of intermediate supports in the ground floor.
Impacts of temperature on the stress-strain state of aerial braces of arch systems
Authors: Makhov Igor
Published: November 2019

Introduction. In landmark buildings, floorings and roofs are performed as vault and arch systems. For accommodation of horizontal forces in the arches, aerial braces are used. Aerial braces of an arch system are a tie made of wrought iron with a cross-sectional area from 10 to 50 cm2. In the scientific and technical literature, information on aerial braces is extremely poor.

Materials and methods. To assess the impacts of temperature deformations on the bearing strength of the aerial braces, a computational analysis was performed. On the basis of data on standard structural schemes of the landmark buildings, the characteristic length of aerial braces was taken into account. Averaged climatic data calculated on the basis of weather observations for the period 1988–2017 for 13 climatic regions of Russia were analysed. Since the data on the temperature of the closure of the distance piece system are irrevocably missing, two variants of the outdoor temperature were considered for the installation of the aerial braces: zero and the maximum summer temperature.

Results. Calculations were carried out and the strain arising in the aerial braces at the corresponding temperature elongation values obtained under recognition of the different temperatures of arch system closure was determined. Totally 78 temperature graphs were obtained and analysed for different climate areas, with different closure temperatures of arched systems.

Conclusions. It was found out that, for the assessment of the impacts of temperature deformation on the bearing capacity of aerial braces, the actual temperature of the arch system closure is decisive. The safety factor of the bearing strength of aerial braces of arch systems for most climatic zones exceeds 50 % and can reach 92 %. At the same time, for two areas with significant negative temperatures in the winter period, the utilization ratio of aerial braces can reach 0.6–0.63. The maximum temperature elongation of aerial braces with a length of 6 m does not exceed 3 mm in case of mounting at the maximum summer temperature and 2 mm at the zero point.
A study case of urban heat island intensity based on urban geometry
Authors: Le Minh Tuan  , Shukurov Ilkhomzhon , Nguyen Thi Mai
Published: November 2019

Introduction. The paper presents a method to simulate the maximum intensity of urban heat island (UHI) based on urban geometry using H/W parameters, where H — building height and W — width of neighboring street. Urban heat island is determined by the increase in the temperature in the city centers compared to the surrounding rural areas.

Materials and methods. The research is based on remote sensing technology to analyze the thermal surface of Hanoi city. It was run in different seasons thereby determining the expansion of the heat island effect over the years. The research method is based on Oke’s model number theory. An area is selected in the city center with high construction density to simulate the intensity of UHI.

Results. The study shows that population growth affects the urbanization process. Over the years the urban land area is affected by the expansion of the heat island effect. Based on Oke’s model, calculations of UHI maximum intensity in Nhan Chinh block (Thanh Xuan district of Hanoi) were made. The estimation showed that the higher the building and the greater the distance from the road, the greater the intensity of the heat island. Accordingly, the lower the building and the smaller the distance from the road, the lower the intensity of the heat island.

Conclusions. Using the Oke’s model to estimate heat island intensity based on the height-to-distance ratio of a building to a road makes process modeling possible. As a result, the planner can offer solutions to eliminate the negative impact of the urban heat island effect.
Deformation of rockfill in bodies of rockfill dams
Authors: Sainov Mikhail
Published: November 2019

Introduction. The main factor determining the stress-strain state (SSS) of rockfill dam with reinforced concrete faces is deformability of the dam body material, mostly rockfill. However, the deformation properties of rockfill have not been sufficiently studied yet for the time being due to technical complexity of the matter,

Materials and methods. To determine the deformation parameters of rockfill, scientific and technical information on the results of rockfill laboratory tests in stabilometers were collected and analyzed, as well as field data on deformations in the existing rockfill dams. After that, the values of rockfill linear deformation modulus obtained in the laboratory and in the field were compared. The laboratory test results were processed and analyzed to determine the parameters of the non-linear rockfill deformation model.

Results. Analyses of the field observation data demonstrates that the deformation of the rockfill in the existing dams varies in a wide range: its linear deformation modulus may vary from 30 to 500 МPа. It was found out that the results of the most rockfill tests conducted in the laboratory, as a rule, approximately correspond to the lower limit of the rockfill deformation modulus variation range in the bodies of the existing dams. This can be explained by the discrepancy in density and particle sizes of model and natural soils. Only recently, results of rockfill experimental tests were obtained which were comparable with the results of the field measurements. They demonstrate that depending on the stress state the rockfill linear deformation modulus may reach 700 МPа. The processing of the results of those experiments made it possible to determine the parameters on the non-linear model describing the deformation of rockfill in the dam body.

Conclusions. The obtained data allows for enhancement of the validity of rockfill dams SSS analyses, as well as for studying of the impact of the non-linear character of the rockfill deformation on the SSS of reinforced concrete faces of rockfill dams.
Grounds for the decision to strengthen reinforced concrete structures after short-term impulse loads, using Alluriquin HPP as an example
Authors: Rubin Oleg , Antonov Anton , Lisichkin Sergey , Frolov Kirill , Lisichkin Andrey
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Floorings of the turbine hall and installation sites of the HPP (PSS) are one of the most important reinforced concrete structures, as during operation they are subjected to significant process duties, including those not provided for by the project. Thus, during the testing of crane equipment on the floor surface of the installation site of the Alluriquin HPP under construction, the cargo weighing 22 tons fell, under the influence of which the floor slab was punched, which required a comprehensive study of the condition of the reinforced concrete structure of the floor and the surrounding area of the failure of structures, as well as the development of measures to strengthen the damaged structure.

Materials and Methods. Visual and instrumental studies of the stress and strain state (SSS) of the reinforced concrete structure of the turbine hall slab and surrounding structures were carried out with the use of optical devices (MPB-3 reading microscope), Schmidt hammer to determine the strength of concrete structures, as well as the “reinforcement load removal” method to determine the actual stresses in the reinforcement of structures.

Results. The punching of the reinforced concrete floor of the installation site with vertical displacements of the edges of through cracks up to 12 mm, as well as the system of cracks formed during the fall of cargo was revealed. The actual stresses in the reinforcement are determined by the “reinforcement load removal” method. On the basis of finite element modeling the actual condition of structures during the period of cargo fall and after the removal of the load is obtained. On the basis of the analysis of results of field and design studies the schematic diagram of strengthening of structures by carbon composite materials is developed.

Conclusions. The actual SSS of the reinforced concrete floor of the installation site and its support structures during the period of the cargo fall and after the termination of the impulse load is established. The vertical displacement of the edges of the crack of the floor punching was 17.5 mm during the period of the fall of the load and 12 mm after the removal of the impulse load. Crack opening width in reinforced concrete structures in the cargo drop area reached 2 mm. At the moment when the cargo fell on the floor slab, the values of stresses in the reinforcement cage reached 200 MPa; after the impact — 76.2 MPa. With a view of the subsequent safe operation of the reinforced concrete floor and surrounding structures the basic schemes of their strengthening by external reinforcement on the basis of carbon fiber have been developed, which have been proved by calculation.
Research and production of prototypes of lightweight concrete panel walls with a screen
Authors: Ruziev Khoshim
Published: November 2019

Introduction. In industrial housing construction in a dry hot climate, the issues of protecting the premises from overheating have not yet been resolved. The purpose of this study is the theoretical and experimental substantiation of the method of calculating the construction of lightweight concrete panel exterior walls with a screen for large-panel residential buildings in hot climates, with improved performance and providing technical and economic efficiency.

Materials and methods. Methods have been developed for ensuring the normative amplitude of temperature fluctuations of the inner surface in the wall due to the targeted formation of material properties and design measures, lightweight concrete wall panels with a screen and suggestions for their production technology have been developed, and recommendations have been made for their operation conditions. The methods of a rational constructive solution to the sun wall consisting of a sunscreen and a supporting structure separated by an air gap have been investigated.

Results. It was supposed to carry out theoretical and experimental studies of the operational properties of lightweight concrete panels of external walls with a screen in laboratory and in-situ conditions.

The work was performed in stages: At the first stage, the design and production technology of panels with a screen on prototype fragments under laboratory conditions was performed. For this, experimental fragments of 1 × 2 m panels will be made in the laboratory. The parameters of the air gap were determined from the condition of ensuring sufficient natural ventilation. At the second stage, a study was made of the rational structure of lightweight concrete for exterior walls in hot climates. To find the optimal structure of lightweight concrete from a thermal point of view, a 3-factor experiment was conducted.

At the third stage, a theoretical study of the temperature regime of shielded and single-layer large-panel exterior walls was performed. At the fourth stage there was a generalization of the above studies, the manufacture and installation of experimental-industrial designs of panels with a screen in the amount of 10 pieces. At the Bukhara house-building combine.

Conclusions. The described study by the method of experimental design and the experimental production of sample fragments confirmed the possibility of producing panels with a screen and an air gap in a single technological cycle. Analysis of the results of theoretical calculations shows that walls with vertical screens and a ventilated air gap are quite effective means of reducing the exposure of solar radiation to buildings and reducing the cost of cooling premises.
Indonesian Online News: Where Does the Bias Go?
Authors: Ratnaningsih Anastasia
Published: November 2019

The shift from printed articles to online articles makes online news even more important for us. This saying is also applied in Indonesia, as people in Indonesia have started to turn toward online news rather than printed ones. Due to the interest Indonesians have gathered toward online news, it is important for online news to be as objective as possible, as it becomes a primary source of information and the latest updates. For this reason, this research delves into the world of Indonesian online news to see how objective it is. This research uses Kompas.com as its subject of research, and propaganda model becomes the primary theory with critical discourse analysis (CDA) as its framework. Propaganda model uses ownership, advertising, sourcing, flak, and fear as aspects used to measure the mass media, in this case Indonesian online news. This research also uses ideology where power comes into play. Through propaganda model, ideology, and CDA, this research finds out that despite of the objectivity that is supposed to exist in Indonesian online news, in this research is Kompas.com, only subjectivity and bias can be seen from it. The bias and subjectivity stem from various aspects. Through propaganda model, this research finds out that those aspects are ownership, sponsorship, personal beliefs, and profit. Despite the fact that Kompas.com is supposed to be neutral, there is little neutrality in their articles, as their articles are generated based on the bias made by the aspects mentioned. Although this research only uses Kompas.com, Kompas.com becomes an example of how little objectivity Indonesian online news has. Being the source of information, it is expected to be objective and neutral. However, instead of being neutral, Indonesian online news is biased with certain factors affecting the way the news is written. Instead of having accurate and objective online news, it is written with bias and in non-neutral way.
A Sociolinguistic Consideration of Intermediation in Greeting Discourse among the Yo?ru?ba of South West Nigeria
Authors: Opoola Bolanle Tajudeen , Adeoye Jelili Adewale
Published: November 2019

Existing studies on Yoru?ba? greeting forms dwell on the appropriateness of their use, with respect to time of the year, event, condition, occupation, vocation, context, politeness and content. The studies portray greetings as discourse between two people or parties who are capable of exchanging pleasantries. None of the existing works has discussed intermediation in greeting discourse among the Yoru?ba? people such that greetings that are directed to the second person(s) such as toddlers, extremely sick persons, kings and the bereaved are answered on their behalf by a third party. This paper examines intermediation and the rationale in greeting discourse among the Yoru?ba? people. The data for this study were drawn from participant observation, Yoru?ba? literature texts, and Yoru?ba? home movies. The Mutual Contextual Beliefs Theory of Pragmatics as proposed by Bach and Harnish (1979) was adopted for the data analysis. The study established, among other things, that greetings are sacrosanct in Yoru?ba? culture and the answer/reply is obligatory, irrespective of the state, status, circumstance and condition of the person(s) being greeted. It is also shown that intermediation in greeting discourse could be for politeness, incapacitation, authority and educating the young ones.
Binary Opposition as the Manifestation of the Spirit of Meiji in Natsume S?seki�s Kokoro
Authors: Christanda Richard Ahadi Christanda , Rosiandani Ni Luh Putu
Published: November 2019

Every period in history has its own unique identity. Meiji period in historical Japan is no exception to this, having its own identity called the spirit of Meiji. This research attempts to reveal this identity, which present in the story of Kokoro, by using binary opposition. Binary opposition allows comparing and examining contradicting elements. Since the spirit of Meiji is defined as having two contradictory elements, therefore, binary opposition is suitable for revealing the spirit of Meiji.The goal of this research is to show how binary opposition constitutes as a crucial element to the unique identity of Meiji period, which is the spirit of Meiji. In order to achieve this, two research problems are used as guides. One is how story of Kokoro presents the binary oppositions and two is how the spirit of Meiji manifests in the binary oppositions.In this research, library research was conducted in order to collect the relevant data. It uses texts in both printed form and digital form. The primary source for the research is the novel Kokoro by NatsumeS?seki while the secondary sources are taken from various books and articles.The first step in explaining the spirit of Meiji is to examine the binary oppositions within in the story. The binary oppositions itself are revealed through the characters and the setting of the story. Through these two elements, five binary oppositions are revealed. They are past against present, old against young, rural against urban, community against privacy, and family against individual. These binary oppositions are then compared to the situation in real-world Meiji period in order to validate whether they really are the spirit of Meiji or not. It is then, through this direct comparison, the binary oppositions are found mirroring the situation in the real Meiji period. Therefore, it can be concluded that binary opposition is the manifestation of the identity of Meiji period, which is the spirit of Meiji.