bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Pre-colonial Economic Diplomacy in the Lower Cross River Region
Authors: Akpan Uwem Jonah , Iseyen Susan Ikwo
Published: June 2022

Relying on historical narrative methodology, this paper assesses economic diplomacy in the Cross River region during the pre-colonial period. The Cross River being the main artery and economic backbone of the region, rather than dividing the people served as a veritable instrument that facilitated trade and unity. In the process of deep interactions between the diverse groups, the Efifik people, because of their advantageous location at the estuary of the sea, established early contact with the Europeans and subsequently played a dominant role in the ensuing relations. In the process of economic interactions between groups in the region, diverse diplomatic methods such as negotiations, treaties, gifts, threats, marriage, money-lending, peace building and some symbols were employed. Also spheres of inflfluence were created by the major players. It should be noted that the paper particularly considers the interactions between the Efifik and the Umon, strategically located at the estuary, the middle of the Cross River and the Agwagune, who occupy the upper reaches of the river. It refutes the Eurocentric assertion that the people of the area and their pattern of relations were characterised by isolation, separateness and autonomy. It is discovered that the interference of the British in the politics and trade of the area and the imposition of colonialism resulted in the elimination of the African middle men. Indeed, the existing pre-colonial network became the foundation upon which the British enterprise in the region was foisted. This early contact should serve as a veritable roadmap for economic cooperation among the existing groups.
Government and Accountability in Nigeria: The Theoretical Linkage
Authors: Frank Etim O.
Published: June 2022

The study was conducted to indicate the theoretical linkage between the Government as the agent of the state and accountability, which is the outcome of governance. The illustration of the relationship is imperative because the operators of government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), often act as if they are not answerable to the citizens. It was conducted using the descriptive research design, wherein the observations of the MDAs were made over a period of time, inputs noted and outcomes investigated. The focus was on the federal MDAs with implications for sub-states MDAs. It was established that the Government by Social Contract is the agent of the citizens, to whom they surrendered some of the rights. Accountability is expected of the government in the areas of creating appropriate laws providing public services, undertaking development projects, protecting the citizens from attack, ensuring all achieve good-life in the state. The procedure revealed that the political heads of the MDAs were not accountable. It further exposed the fact citizens do not know that they have the right to demand answerability from the duty-bearers. Among the necessary steps suggested were sourcing about 30 per cent of the members of the board of governors of the MDAs from professional bodies and 70 percent on professional patronage. This is because they often influence the management of the various government organizations to settle them financially, leaving very little for the actual productive activities, hence consuming the resources for the generating positive outcomes from these agencies. It is expected that inputs from the professionals would be respected by the board members to enable the various MDAs to generate outcomes as accountability, which is ab-initio the essence of Government.
The Global Phenomenon of Islam Through the Lens of Late Antiquity
Authors: Rabbat Nasser
Published: June 2022

The global reach of Islam is a poorly theorised historical phenomenon.  This essay focuses on the evolving conceptualisation of Late Antiquity as a framework for the inclusion of Islam in a West-oriented, though universally applied, periodisation.  My argument, indebted to Garth Fowden, is that Islam came out of late antiquity but brought in “Eastern” epistemologies to the mix in order to construct its own direction at its own pace.

Cover image caption: A segment of the remaining frieze on the facade of the Mshatta Palace near Amman, Jordan, dated to the 740s and ascribed to the Caliph Walid II (743-44). Photo Nasser Rabbat.
Precolonial African Historiography as a multidisciplinary project
Authors: Du Pisani Jacobus Adriaan , Kim Kwang-Su
Published: June 2022

In this historiographical article we analyse the three sources from which historians obtain their material for the research of the Bahurutshe (a subgroup of the Sotho-Tswana of South Africa) in the precolonial era: oral tradition, archaeological studies of Iron Age sites, and the oldest written accounts by European visitors to the Marico. We show that because the Batswana were non-literate societies before the nineteenth century, the study of their early history is a multidisciplinary project requiring the inputs of anthropologists, archaeologists and linguists. To produce a cohesive narrative of African precolonial history is an arduous task, but the history of precolonial African societies has major significance in the bigger picture of the (South) African past and informs ongoing discourses about the history of the region. We argue that Hurutshe history fits into the broader pattern of South African history and has relevance for the understanding of current debates around controversial issues such as ethnicity and land claims.
Inexcusabiles
Authors: Mariani Giacomo
Published: June 2022

Review of

Alberto Frigo, ed., Inexcusabiles: Salvation and the Virtues of the Pagans in the Early Modern Period (Cham: Springer, 2020)

reviewed by Giacomo Mariani
Hypospadias Repair: Our Experience in BSMMU & Others Private Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Mondal Dr. Susankar Kumar , Hossain Professor A.K.M. Zahid , Nooruzzaman Dr. Md. , Akan Dr. Abu Bakar , Mahammad Dr. Md. Noor , Joshi Dr. Mridul Prasad , Huda Dr. S. M. Shamsul
Published: June 2022

Background: Hypospadias is an abnormality of frontal urethral and penile development. The urethral opening is ectopically located on the ventral surface of the penis. It is one of the common congenital anomalies that affect children and early adults as a birth defect. Urethroplasty is an open surgical reconstruction which also called hypospadias repair. Hypospadias repair can take many forms or techniques, likes meatal advancement and glanuloplasty (MAGPI) repair methods, mathieu meatal-based flip-flap technique repair methods and snodgrass or tubularized incised plate (TIP) repair methods. The repair methods are depending on the severity of the deformity. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the success rate of snodgrass or tubularized incised plate (TIP) methods hypospadias repair procedure. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) & other private hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2013 to January 2020. Ethical clearances were taken from concerned authorities of the assigned hospitals. Properly written consent was taken from all the parents before starting the intervention. A total of 150 patients who needed urethroplasty, of 2 to 12 years of age with proper documents were finalized as the study population. Data were collected, analyzed, and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 16 program as per need. Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 5.25±2.50 years. In analyzing the length of defect we found 62.67% of participants got <4 cm whereas 37.33% of participants got 4+ cm length. On the other hand, in 5.33%, 10%, 20%, and 64.67% of patients glanular, coronal, distal penile, and mid penile locations were found respectively. As complications, we found dribbling and incontinence in 23.33% separately which was the highest in ratio. According to the follow-up report in 80% of cases (n=120), the hypospadias ...
Tattoo Unfolded the Mistaken Identity or Created?
Authors: Somani Dr. Manoj , Yadav Dr. Sangram Singh , Garg Dr. Anil
Published: June 2022

The identification of unknown bodies is of outstanding importance for a well-functioning rule of law. Received a dead body of male individual referred on the grounds of advance stage of putrefaction. Primarily body was identified by the relatives with help of clothes and shoes. The body came to our department as a known case. On post mortem examination it was observed that the body had a tattoo over dorsum of right forearm which become more prominent after removing the skin of that area. The clothes of the deceased were thoroughly examined. Later on due to presence of this tattoo and discrepancy in clothes, relatives refused to take over the body and known case turned out to be an unknown case again. Thus, taking into account of all the accessible data, tattoos can be of great importance in the identification process and can provide useful information even in advanced stages of putrefaction.
Leader Emotional (in)consistency in a Time of Crisis: A Preliminary Text Mining Study based on the Daily COVID-19 Press Briefings
Authors:   The Korean Association Of Personnel Administration, Cheong Minyoung , Huang Xiaoqin
Published: June 2022

By utilizing daily COVID-19 press briefing transcripts of two political leaders, the current research-report-style study applied a mixed-method approach based on text mining techniques to measure, analyze, and compare their emotional (in)consistency. Specifically, this study examines two political leaders’ (56th Governor of New York State, Andrew M. Cuomo, and 45th President of the United States, Donald J. Trump) displayed emotional states and emotional (in)consistency over time while they are handling novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) crisis. Based on the proposed framework called: area- and shape-based emotional states (in)consistency comparison, the results of the current preliminary study showed that Governor Cuomo’s emotional states tend to be more consistent/stable than President Trump when conducting a series of COVID-19 daily press. In an era of the proliferation of digital data (i.e., big data), insights from the current proposed methodological/ statistical approach in conjunction with examining emotional states of decision makers could contribute to the advancement of theory building and testing in the domains of organizational science and leadership.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHEST TUBE DRAINAGE AMONG STAFF NURSES WORKING AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JODHPUR
Authors: Shagufta Sayed
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION: A chest tube is a hollow, flexible tube placed into the chest. It acts as a drain. Chest tubes drain blood, fluid, or air from around the lungs, heart, or oesophagus. The tube around the lung is placed between the ribs and into the space between the inner lining and the outer lining of the chest cavity or the pleural space. It is done to allow the lungs to fully expand. It is also known as bulau drain or an intercostal catheter.
AIM OF THE STUDY: Assess the knowledge and practice regarding nursing management of patients with chest tube drainage among staff nurses working at tertiary care hospital, Jodhpur.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive study was carried out on 60 staff nurse working in ICU’s of M.D.M hospital, Jodhpur. Samples were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
RESULT: The findings of the study reveals that 55% ICU staff nurses had average knowledge, with mean knowledge score 14.47 with SD ± 4.68, while majority of ICU staff nurses (96.67%) had good level of practice, (3.33%) had average level of practice, with mean practice score 13.93 with SD +1.41 regarding nursing management of patients with chest tube drainage. It was found that there was no significant correlation found between level of knowledge and practice among ICU staff nurses regarding nursing management of patients with chest tube drainage. However there was no significant association found between level of knowledge and practice with selected socio demographic variables except their total clinical experience.
CONCLUSION: It can be reiterated that ICU staff nurses have average knowledge and good level of practice regarding nursing management of patients with chest tube drainage as per current research recommendations. They require simulated practices, CNE and Role play to enhance their knowledge and practice regarding nursing management of patients with chest tube drainage.
KEY WORDS: Knowledge, Practice, Staff nurses, Chest tube drainage, Patient care.
THE IMPACT OF E-HRM PRACTICES ON JORDANIAN BANKS CUSTOMERS’ SATISFACTION
Authors: Dr.Moath Alshar  , Dr. M. Sathya Shivalini  , Dr.Sultan Ibrahim Aletein
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to identify the impact of electronic human resource management practices represented as (e-compensation and e-payment) on Jordanian banks customers satisfaction. These two Practices are considered as they are widely practiced in the various banks in Jordan. The customers satisfaction with reference to the above e-hrm practices and their satisfaction in the Jordanian banking sector is studied in this paper. The study population consisted of all Jordanian banks customers. A questionnaire was drafted and mailed to the two hundred customers randomly selected from the list of customers dealing with those banks. One hundred twenty-seven of the two hundred customers properly filled and sent the questionnaires and this is the main data source for the current study. To achieve the objectives of the study, to investigate into any relationship between the customers satisfaction (demographic variable) and their reaction towards implementing the E-hrm practices in their banks the researcher used descriptive-analytical methods. The data was analyzed by employing Chi-square test at 5% level of significance using SPSS statistical software. The result showed that, the satisfaction of banks customers affects their perception towards implementing Electronic Human Resource Management in their banks.
KEYWORDS: E-HRM, Customer satisfaction, E-payment, E-compensation.
A Metáfora em Matemática
Authors: Lolli Gabriele
Published: June 2022

Este artigo está configurado como um ensaio sobre a constituição dos sentidos e significados das linguagens simbólicas ou metafóricas estabelecidas na composição dos discursos matemáticos por meio de analogias. O principal objetivo é discutir o tema para evidenciar pontos de conexões entre campos de conhecimento como a filosofia, epistemologia, lógica, história, psicologia, acerca dos processos de manipulação de símbolos de acordo com regras sintáticas para a elaboração de expressões propositivas sobre ideias concebidas como matemáticas. A esse respeito, considera-se que a semântica formalizada é tudo menos uma explicação dos significados, pois eles intervêm no discurso comum. Portanto, esta é uma discussão potencial concernente à apresentação de conceitos matemáticos para o ensino superior, que exigem uma linguagem rigorosamente formal, que encontra um muro de incompreensão e resistência nas tentativas de superação das dificuldades de ensino e aprendizagem matemática.
IMPACT OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES OF THE CRIMINAL EXECUTIVE SYSTEM
Authors:   Samara Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Kaznacheev V.A.
Published: June 2022

The relevance of the topic of the presented study lies in the fact that the problem of a healthy lifestyle in the modern world is quite popular. In terms of this problem, the penitentiary system is no exception, since in order to achieve the most effective results of the performance of employees, the lifestyle they lead plays an important role. The surveys showed that the vast majority of employees of the above system do not adhere to proper nutrition, do not engage in physical training, which is especially important from a certain age, and 80% of them are smokers. The author concludes that the physical training of penitentiary staff is directly influenced by such factors as nutrition, smoking and maintaining physical fitness at a high level. A system of measures is needed that includes such rules for a balanced diet, strengthening physical condition through regular physical activity, and they should consist of both general developmental workouts that involve the largest number of muscles, and certain types of training aimed at increasing the level of self-defense, for example, study and improvement of combat techniques of struggle; giving up bad habits such as smoking and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. If a set of events with specialists invited to work on healthy lifestyles in each specific institution will work like clockwork, then the level of physical fitness of employees will remain at a high level, which is extremely important when working with convicts.
G. IVANOV`S POEM «I DO NOT ASK FOR LOVE, I DO NOT SING ABOUT SPRING ...» IN THE CONTEXT OF HISTORICAL POETICS: INTERPRETATION EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Abramovskikh E.V. , Pasashkova S.M. , Smolenskaya M.A.
Published: June 2022

The article was written as part of participation of students of the Faculty of Philology of the Samara State Social and Pedagogical University in the II regional methodological theoretical seminar «Theoretical studies»: «Historical poetics», which took place in November 2020 [1]. The interpretation of the poem by Georgy Ivanov is given from the standpoint of works on historical poetics and mythopoetics by A.N. Veselovsky, O.M. Freidenberg, E.M. Meletinsky, S.N. Broitman, Yu.M. Lotman. The authors consider that the thinking of the lyric subject of the poem by Georgy Ivanov is distinguished by neosyncretism, which is implemented in the motives of death and rebirth associated with the natural cycle. The understanding of the fusion of wedding and funeral rites, the antinomy of the real world and the other world, which establish a close connection between them, speaks of «neosyncretism» in the poem. The cumulation which leads to the fact that all sensations received through various channels of perception are collected into one common sense-knowledge is shown in the arrangement of artistic images. This is where the desire to find a common in everything, essential similarity, arising from the experience of unity (syncretism) of the entire surrounding world and all its manifestations that affect a person, who should also be its inseparable part, comes from. The article shows that such unity is also manifested in the subjective sphere: the lyrical «I» and the lyrical «you» are not separated from each other and are not opposed. Their unity is manifested in the metaphysical plane: they are united by the «snowy paradise». It is a paradise because love makes the lyric subject happy, but this paradise is «snowy» because lovers cannot be together. The paper examines in detail the key images of the text in connection with folk culture; the specificity of the genre of the song is noted from the point of view of historical poetics.
PROBLEMS OF SELF-ORGANIZATION OF INDEPENDENT WORK OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Mikhelkevich V.N. , Chekanushkina E.N. , Kardashevsky A.I.
Published: June 2022

The subject of the article: the willingness of students to comply with sanitary and hygienic norms and rules aimed at maintaining health, working capacity during long-term continuous educational activities. The object of the article: selforganized/self-managed independent work of students of a technical university in an educational environment. The purpose of the work: to identify the attitude of students to mandatory and conscious compliance with sanitary and hygienic norms and rules in the process of performing strenuous long-term self-organized independent educational and cognitive activity. Methodology of the work: analysis of the fundamental theoretical and methodological provisions of modern pedagogical science in the field of management and self-organization of independent work of students, aimed at developing interdisciplinary valiological modules, in order for students to master technical areas of preparation of sanitary and hygienic norms and rules, compliance with them when performing long-term continuous educational and cognitive activity. The results of the work indicate the need for students to form an engineering profile of readiness for conscious and full compliance with sanitary and hygienic norms and rules in the implementation of educational and cognitive selforganized independent activity already in the first year. The field of application of the results is practical pedagogical activity aimed at the formation of readiness for compliance by students of a technical university with sanitary and hygienic norms and rules in the process of continuous long-term educational and cognitive self-organized independent activity. It is advisable to develop valeological modules of basic disciplines in technical areas of training based on the principles of interdisciplinarity, health care, reflexivity, regulation and feedback, effective organization of intellectual labor. Conclusion: the formation of the readiness of future technical specialists in compliance with sanitary and epidemiological norms and rules in the process of continuous long-term mental work contributes to increasing the level of valeological culture, maintaining health, productive efficiency, and preventing the development of various diseases.
APOPHATICISM OF PAIN IN S.A. YESENIN’S POEM “BLACK MAN” (LIMINAL STATES IN RUSSIAN CULTURE)
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Dudareva M.A.
Published: June 2022

The object of the article is apophaticism as a phenomenon of artistic culture. The subject is apophaticism of the phenomenon of pain, which is perceived from metaphysical positions in the Russian philosophical thought. The material for the article is represented by S.A. Yesenin’s poem “Black Man” and his early poems. The ethos of life and death in the poet’s art is subject to hermeneutic reconstruction. Much attention is given to the Russian folklore tradition in the poet’s works, which is expressed both explicitly and implicitly. One can find liminal, i.e. borderline states in the Russian folklore, in folkloric accounts, in fairy tales in which the hero stays. These states are associated with temporal death and going through the initiation path. The research methodology represents a holistic ontohermeneutical analysis aimed at highlighting the folklore paradigm in S.A. Yesenin’s poetic style. Much attention is paid to the oneiric space in his figurative system, as well as to the phenomenon of “black” colour which is ambivalent in the world culture. The research results lie in revealing the cultural potential of the poem “Black Man” for further study of the apophatic aspect of the phenomenon of pain as well as apophaticism as a specific feature of the Russian culture associated with the phenomenon of pain and death. The results can also be used in courses on Russian literature, culturology and philosophy.
SEARCH FOR THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DESIGNING CHILDREN'S MEDIA LIBRARY
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Kuznetsova A.A. , Zhdanova I.V. , Nenasheva A.A.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the issue of the prospective development of a new type of buildings - children's media libraries, which are a structural unit of a typological group of public buildings. This type of building has emerged from the globalized leisure needs of children of different age groups. Against the background of the post-stagnation development of the library network, through the implementation of various state programs, the principles of continuity of the classical library function are implemented and media technologies are included in leisure activities. At the junction of the confluence of these two areas, there is the emergence of children's media libraries, whose development is actively carried out in foreign countries and begins to emerge on the territory of the Russian Federation. The study below is devoted to the search for the theoretical foundations of the architectural design of this type of building. Without constructing a theoretical vector for the development of a functionally adaptive scenario, the architectural typology of children's media libraries will not have a thorough study in terms of functional, spatial and technological development. The article is divided into three blocks: an analytical comparison of the most characteristic examples of modern design of media libraries, a retrospective analysis of regulatory documents governing construction, which made it possible to systematize the development of libraries by types of buildings, and then a theoretical model of media libraries based on advanced architectural and pedagogical technologies is proposed.
Space and Time as a Priori Forms of Human Intuition in Kant’s Epistemology
Authors: O.P Rev. Fr. Joseph T. Ekong
Published: June 2022

This work offers a concise exposition and critical appraisal of Kant's notion of space and time as a priori forms of human sensibility or intuition. He dwells on these issues in his Critique of Pure Reason, under the Transcendental Aesthetics section. Owing to the fact that Kant published two editions of the Critique of Pure Reason, both editions are being referenced. Letters A and B are used to denote the first and second edition respectively. Kant identifies the a priori forms of sensibility: space and time, which the mind contributes, to make experience possible. The reason is that an event cannot be experienced at all, unless it is recognized as being in ‘space’ and occurring in ‘time.’ Thus, the possibility of human experience is anchored on the spatiotemporal framework of empirical reality, which embraces both the experiences and their objects. Kant's most original contribution to philosophy is his "Copernican Revolution," in which he argues that it is the ‘representation’ that makes the object possible, and not the ‘object’ that makes the representation possible. With this he presents the human mind as an active originator of experience rather than just a passive recipient of perception. His opinion was that the rational structure of the mind reflected the rational structure of the world, even of ‘things-in-themselves.’ In other words, the operating system of the processor, by modern analogy, matched the operating system of reality. It follows from the way in which appearances are given to us that those things given in space and time must be unified in accordance with the categories, and since the ‘objects of experience’ are given to us in space and time, it follows that they must be unified in accordance with the categories. All representations are subject to the transcendental unity of apperception. Space and time, as forms of human sensible intuition, structure the manifold of appearance, since such a manifold can only occur in accordance with this form. But, space and time are represented by us not only as forms of sensible intuition, but also as intuitions themselves, and therefore as possessing a unity of the manifold of empirical intuition within them. This unity precedes all concepts, and it presupposes a synthesis which does not belong to the senses but through which all concepts of space and time first become possible. So the unity of space and time is explained in terms of the synthetic activity of the understanding. Space and time stand under the synthetic unity of apperception, and in so far as they are represented as unities they are themselves the product of the effect the understanding has upon sensibility, and are thus subject to the categories of human understanding.
Workload, Emotional Intelligence and Professional Stress Level among Employees of Private Commercial Companies in Abidjan
Authors: René GOUBO Aka
Published: June 2022

This study allows us to assess the stress level of employees in private commercial enterprises in Abidjan, based on workload and emotional intelligence. To this end, a sample of sixty employees selected by the onsite sampling method was subjected to a questionnaire. Processing the results using the student "t" technique for independent samples indicates that employees with a high workload have a high level of stress compared to their counterparts with a normal workload. Also, employees who do not have the ability to use their emotional intelligence have a high level of stress compared to their emotionally intelligent colleagues. 'This study will enable managers of these private commercial companies to best manage the stress of their employees by taking into account the workloads entrusted to them and the implementation of their emotional intelligence.
Gender Equality Education in Japan: A Case Study of University EFL Teachers’ Experiences and Perspectives
Authors: Zoni Upton Jessica
Published: June 2022

Over the past 400 years, the impact of Japanese education has defined and limited individuals’ lifestyles and life choices on the basis of gender. Whilst recent data showed that almost as many women as men in Japan have been graduating from higher education institutes (Research Institute for Higher Education, n.d.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2022), the country’s global ranking of gender equality in society in 2020 stood at an all-time low of 121/153 (World Economic Forum, 2020). This study, conducted at university level, is a mixed-methods case study on gender equality education in contemporary Japan. Through the use of survey and interview data, this paper explores the issue of gender equality education through the experiences and perspectives of a small group of university English Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Japan, offering insights into the dissatisfaction with the current system and proposed alternatives.

400年前から、日本の教育の影響は、性別に基づいて個人のライフスタイルや進路を定義し、制限している。最近のデータによると、日本の男性とほぼ同じ数の女性が高等教育機関を卒業しているが(Research Institute for Higher Education, n.d. ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2022)、2020年の社会における男女平等の世界ランキングでは日本は史上最低の121/153だった(World Economic Forum, 2020)。本研究は、大学レベルで実施され、現代日本における男女平等教育に関する混合手法を用いた事例研究である。本論文では、アンケートやインタビューのデータを通して、現在日本の大学で働いている外国語としての英語（EFL）教師の小グループの経験や意見を通じて男女平等教育の問題を調べ、現在の制度に対する不満やそれに対しての解決案を紹介する。
A Semester-Long Study of Second Language Writing Development and the Effects of Topic Familiarity and Difficulty
Authors: Saiki Miki , Okamoto Miki , Shibata Naoya
Published: June 2022

This study explored the development of second language writing as well as the effects of topic familiarity and difficulty with respect to syntactic complexity and lexical diversity. Over the course of one semester, 10 Japanese learners of English watched scenes from the movie “Titanic” (Cameron, 1997) and wrote reports on different topics related to the movie. Overall, 82 reports (token = 9,974) were analyzed via linear mixed-effects models. The results of this study reveal the development of syntactic complexity over the course of 15 weeks, while the effects of topic familiarity and difficulty are not statistically significant. This study elucidates the pattern of second language writing development over the course of a semester and suggests implications for topic-related writing research.

本研究は第二言語ライティングの発達およびトピックの親しみやすさと難しさのライティングにおける影響を語彙多様性と統語的複雑性の観点から調査した。調査期間は一学期間で、10名の日本人英語学習者が授業内で映画『タイタニック』(キャメロン 1997) をシーンごとに見て、映画に関する異なるトピックについてレポートを書いた。全体として82のレポート (トークン数=9,974) を線形混合効果モデルで分析したところ、ライティング活動における統語的複雑性の一学期間中(15週)の発達を確認した。トピックの親しみやすさと難しさの影響は統計的には有意ではなかった。本稿は一学期中の第二言語ライティング発達パターンとライティング研究におけるトピックの影響について示唆する。
The perceived duration of expected events depends on how the expectation is formed
Authors: Saurels Blake W. , Arnold Derek H. , Anderson Natasha L. , Lipp Ottmar V. , Yarrow Kielan
Published: June 2022

Repeated events can seem shortened. It has been suggested that this results from an inverse relationship between predictability and perceived duration, with more predictable events seeming shorter. Some evidence disputes this generalisation, as there are cases where this relationship has been nullified, or even reversed. This study sought to combine different factors that encourage expectation into a single paradigm, to directly compare their effects. We find that when people are asked to declare a prediction (i.e., to predict which colour sequence will ensue), guess-confirming events can seem relatively protracted. This augmented a positive time-order error, with the first of two sequential presentations already seeming protracted. We did not observe a contraction of perceived duration for more probable or for repeated events. Overall, our results are inconsistent with a simple mapping between predictability and perceived duration. Whether the perceived duration of an expected event will seem relatively contracted or expanded seems to be contingent on the causal origin of expectation.
Reducing the tendency for chronometric counting in duration discrimination tasks
Authors: Riemer Martin , Vieweg Paula , van Rijn Hedderik , Wolbers Thomas
Published: June 2022

Chronometric counting is a prevalent issue in the study of human time perception as it reduces the construct validity of tasks and can conceal existing timing deficits. Several methods have been proposed to prevent counting strategies, but the factors promoting those strategies in specific tasks are largely uninvestigated. Here, we modified a classical two-interval duration discrimination task in two aspects that could affect the tendency to apply counting strategies. We removed the pause between the two intervals and changed the task instructions: Participants decided whether a short event occurred in the first or in the second half of a reference duration. In Experiment 1, both classical and modified task versions were performed under timing conditions, in which participants were asked not to count, and counting conditions, in which counting was explicitly instructed. The task modifications led to (i) a general decrease in judgment precision, (ii) a shift of the point of subjective equality, and (iii) a counting-related increase in reaction times, suggesting enhanced cognitive effort of counting during the modified task version. Precision in the two task versions was not differently affected by instructed counting. Experiment 2 demonstrates that—in the absence of any counting-related instructions—participants are less likely to engage in spontaneous counting in the modified task version. These results enhance our understanding of the two-interval duration discrimination task and demonstrate that the modifications tested here—although they do not significantly reduce the effectiveness of instructed counting—can diminish the spontaneous tendency to adopt counting strategies.
Bedienungsanleitungen für Autos: Ein Übersetzungs-wissenschaftlicher Vergleich anhand von türkischen und deutschen exemplarischen Texten
Authors: ÇAĞLAR AKA Esra , ALTINKAYA NERGİS Dilek
Published: June 2022

Der Beitrag widmet sich den Aspekten der Fachübersetzung, die mittels einer exemplarischen Fallstudie von Bedienungsanleitungen für Autos dargestellt werden soll. Dafür sollen ausgewählte Beispiele aus deutschen und türkischen Bedienungsanleitungen aus der Automobilbranche kontrastiv miteinander verglichen und übersetzungswissenschaftlich untersucht werden. Hierbei sollen nicht nur die intersprachlichen Unterschiede der technischen Texte, sondern vor allem die interkulturellen Aspekte in Betracht gezogen werden.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden kontrastiven Untersuchung ist es folglich festzustellen, welche Besonderheiten den technischen Texten zugrunde liegen und wie diese mittels der exemplarisch ausgewählten Beispiele anzugehen sind. Dabei werden die vom Übersetzer bevorzugten Übersetzungsmethoden in den ausgewählten Bedienungsanleitungen für Autos (BMW, Mercedes Benz und Volkswagen) nach Christiane Nord kategorisiert und untersucht und die Ergebnisse werden anschließend nach der Skopostheorie bewertet.
A Circular Loop Time Constant Standard
Authors: Dadić Martin , Sandelić Monika , Hegeduš Hrvoje , Petrović Goran
Published: June 2022

A time constant standard, developed for the phase angle measurement of precision current shunts is developed and described, and its time constant has been determined. Based on a single circular loop placed in an air thermostat, its construction is very simple and it gives accurate results in the frequency band of interest, e.g. for frequencies between 50 Hz and 100 kHz. The influence of the shielding is calculated using numerical Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The thermostatic stability is analyzed, and the time-constant of the thermostat is determined using temperature measurement and Butterworth filtering.
Ac-Dc Characterization of Coaxial Current Shunts and Application of the Shunt in the Digital Sampling Wattmeter
Authors: Konjevod Jure , Malarić Roman , Dadić Martin , Kunšt Ivica , Hegeduš Hrvoje
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to give a review of ac-dc characterization of the current shunts and application of the current shunt (nominal current 1A) within the digital sampling wattmeter. It is described the ac-dc transfer difference measurement of six cage type ac shunts from 10 mA up to 10 A using step-up measurement procedure. Furthermore, the substantial part of the measurement setup is fast switching system which is also described in detail. For the purpose of measurement procedure, the application is developed in LabVIEW and whole process is fully automatized. Obtained results are analyzed and shown on graphs. This paper is extended version of two papers: [1] and [2] which are presented on 1st International Colloquium on Smart Grid Metrology. Thus, paper is extended with presented application of the shunt 1 A in the digital sampling wattmeter.
Determination of local losses and temperatures in power transformer tank
Authors: Sitar R. , Janić Ž.
Published: June 2022

Paper presents research of local losses and temperature rise in transformer steel tank. First experimental method based on initial rate of rise of temperature is presented. This is a direct method for determining distribution of losses in transformer structural steel parts. Technique relies on the fact that after a body has settled at a steady state temperature and the internal heat source is suddenly removed or applied, the initial rate of temperature change at any point is proportional to heat input (loss density) at that point. To test applicability of sensors and instrument for the local loss measurement method, measurement system was tested on conductors (strips) and magnetic steel rings. Second part of experimental work consisted of investigations on model for tank local overheating. The model consisted of excitation windings that were sources of magnetic field. Existence of three separate windings gave the possibility to change value and position of magnetic field source inside the tank. Local losses in the tank were evaluated by proposed method of initial rate of rise of temperature. Heat-run tests were made on the model and local temperatures on the tank were measured. Measured local losses and local temperatures were used for determining local heat transfer coefficients on tank – oil interface. It was concluded that heat transfer coefficients can be presented as function of heat flux from tank to oil. Finally, temperatures in transformer tank were calculated by finite element method. Losses calculated by electromagnetic calculation represented heat sources in thermal numerical model. Heat transfer equations were solved in solid domain (tank) while cooling conditions were defined by heat transfer coefficients checked experimentally. Calculated temperatures were compared to measured temperatures and gave good agreement.
Coordinated TSO and DSO network development plan on the islands of Cres and Lošinj
Authors: Komen V. , Antonić A. , Barićević T. , Skok M. , Dolenc T.
Published: June 2022

The paper presents an example of coordinated transmission and distribution network planning based on analyses conducted as part of the study on long term distribution network development plan for islands of Cres and Lošinj in Croatia. The observed area of two large and several smaller islands is supplied with electricity by one long radial 110 kV TSO owned line and parallel radial 35 kV DSO owned line. Due to transmission capacity of 35 kV line limited to 40% of the area peak demand, which is highly conditioned by tourism, the (N-1) criteria is not complied with in case of unavailability of 110 kV line during the two-month period in summer high season. Construction of the second 110 kV line as a common solution is extremely costly, due to necessity of laying down several kilometres of submarine cables. The paper provides the cost benefit analyses of this basic scenario and other possible alternative scenarios, including also investments in DSO network, to determine the most cost-effective solution. Due to the values of the demands and networks lengths, the presented example is close to a worst case scenario concerning the reliability of supply requirement, requesting thus some atypical distribution network analyses, elements and even conducted field tests of operation. The results clearly show that coordination of TSO and DSO planning is beneficiary concerning efficiency of investments in the networks. However, further analyses are recommended presuming contribution to satisfying the (N-1) criteria by use of non-traditional (“non-network” or “third party”) solutions.
Diversity of Mushrooms and Evaluation of Biochemical Properties of Selected Edible Mushrooms in Pallikkal Village, Malappuram District, Kerala
Authors:   Department of Botany, Nirmala college for women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India., P Salini , M Saradha ,   Assistant professor, Department of Botany, Nirmala college for women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India., S Kavi Malar ,   Ph. D., Research Scholar Department of Botany, Nirmala college for Women, Coimbatore-641018. Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: June 2022

The study was carried out to document the mushrooms in Pallikkal village, Malappuram, Kerala and to analyse the preliminary phytochemical and biochemical constituents of Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus squarrosulus. The qualitative phytochemical analysis in methanolic extract was carried out to screen the presence of primary and secondary metabolites using the standard procedures. The edible mushrooms of Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus squarrosulus were performed to determine the total amount of carbohydrate, protein and phenol present in the fruiting bodies. In methanolic extract the phytochemical analysis results revealed the presence of carbohydrate, protein, phenol, tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and steroids and the highest amount of carbohydrate (326.07 mg/g), protein (309.2 mg/g) and phenol (37.33 mg/g) were present in Agaricus bisporous. Keywords: Biochemical analysis, Mushroom, Phytochemical constituents, Documentation
Numerical Analysis of Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer over a Shrinking Cylinder
Authors: Najwa Najib  , Norfifah Bachok
Published: June 2022

The investigation concerning the movement of the viscous fluid and heat transfer rate when the cylinder shrinks is carried out. The role of curvature parameter and effect of cylinder parameter on skin friction and heat transfer rate were studied. The existence of a dual solution is observed and subsequently identifies which solution is stable. By using the similarity transformation, the boundary layer equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are then solved numerically using bvp4c in MATLAB. The results for the skin friction coefficient, temperature gradient coefficient as well as velocity and temperature profiles are presented graphically. The effects of mass suction parameter and curvature parameter on flow and heat transfer characteristics are also presented. It is found that the dual solution existed when mass suction parameter greater or equal to 2. Cylinder surface diminished the performance of skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate. The stability analysis result is performed to verify that the upper branch solution is stable and physically meaningful.
Discrimination of two species (Androctonus crassicauda and Leiurus abdullahbayrami; Buthidae Scorpions) by MALDI-TOF- MS-based PCA
Authors: NUMANOĞLU ÇEVİK Yasemin , KANAT Mehmet Ali
Published: June 2022

Teh venoms of teh scorpions Androctonus crassicauda and Leuris abdullahbayrami, scorpion species each of teh two members of teh Buthidae family, were analyzed by MALDI–TOFMS in a mass range between 1 and 50 kDa. Interspecies differentiation was evaluated over peptide and protein molecules in dis mass range. Teh similarities and differences between two different scorpion species were revealed wif teh TEMPprincipal component analysis study, which was conducted wif spectral patterns including peptide and protein profiles. Teh similarity rate of teh LAB-123 and teh LAB460 scorpion venoms of teh same species was found as 66% while teh similarity rates of venoms of teh ACR species to teh LAB species ranged from zero to 37%. It was demonstrated dat scorpion venoms belonging to two different species from teh Buthadia family can be differentiated wif teh halp of dendrogram and gel profile, CCI color matrix, 3D or 2D-scattering profile, spectral mass loading data formed by peptide and protein spectral patterns of eleven scorpion venoms. It is anticipated dat dis approach, which was used for teh first time wif teh application of MALDI-TOFMS-based PCA analysis for teh differentiation of scorpion venoms, will be useful in differentiating venoms wif different spectral patterns.
Hasımlıktan Hısımlığa: Kutsal Topraklar Kudüs Ekseninde Memluklere Karşı İlhanlı- Haçlı İttifak Çabaları
Authors: Ekici Kansu , Kirişoğlu Alican
Published: June 2022

Kudüs, Orta Doğu’nun en eski tarihi dönemlerinden itibaren çekim merkezi olmuş, üç semavi din için önemli bir mevkide bulunması nedeniyle de orta çağ süresinde başat devletler bu şehre hâkim olmak istemişlerdir. Selahaddin Eyyübi döneminde Kudüs’ün kaybedilmesiyle büyük darbe alan Haçlılar, Orta Doğu’da yitirdikleri konumlarını geri alabilmek için yeni seferler düzenlemiş ancak bunlar kısa süreli başarılar bir tarafa bırakılırsa muvaffakiyetsizlikle neticelenmiştir. Eyyübi Devleti tarih sahnesinden çekilmesinden sonra onların hâkim oldukları toprakların büyük kısmına hâkim olan Memlukler tüm dünyayı dehşet içerisinde bırakan Moğol askeri ilerleyişini 1260 yılında Ayn Calut Savaşı’nda durdurmuşlardır. Moğolların askeri güçleri ve taktiklerinin bölgedeki Ermenilerin ve Gürcülerin askeri desteğine rağmen bu yeni düşman karşısında yetersiz kalması onları zorunlu olarak yeni müttefikler aramaya itmiştir. Bu minvalde İlhanlıların Memlûklara karşısında Avrupalılar ve onların Ortadoğu’daki uzantıları Haçlı Devletleriyle ittifak kurma çabaları başlamıştır. Hülagü döneminde başlayıp İlhanlıların yıkılışına kadar başta papalık olmak üzere İngiltere ve Fransa kralları gibi Avrupa’nın güçlü hükümdarlarına elçiler Memlukler üzerine ortak bir sefer organizasyonu için defalarca gönderilmiş aynı şekilde Avrupa’dan da İran’a elçiler gelmiştir. Bu temaslar sırasında İlhanlılar Avrupa’nın desteğini almak ve yeni bir Haçlı seferi düzenlenmesini sağlamak için Hristiyanların kutsal şehri Kudüs’ü alıp onlara vermeyi teklif etmişler ancak Avrupalılar ise Hıristiyan olmayan bir topluma her zaman şüpheyle bakmışlardır. Avrupa ve Moğollar arasındaki tüm elçilik teatilerine rağmen Avrupa’daki siyasi karışıklıklar, mesafe problemi ve senkronizasyon zorlukları gibi nedenlerle Memlûklar’a karşı ortak bir harekât tanzimi mümkün olmamıştır. Bu çalışma İlhanlı-Avrupa ilişkilerini Kudüs ekseninde ele alacaktır.