bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A origem e a perenidade do discurso de alinhamento com a prática na formação continuada
Authors: Eyng Victor Augusto Both , Silva Camila Perez da
Published: June 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como se originou e por qual razão se perpetua o discurso de alinhamento com a prática na formação continuada, apesar do aparente avanço em promovê-la. Analisou-se a construção da identidade da formação continuada no Brasil e como ela é, hoje, percebida por professores da educação básica, a partir da narrativa sobre suas experiências, obtidas via questionário online, e o paralelo com a literatura especializada. Identificaram-se possíveis causas-raiz, como a expansão do acesso à educação básica e o crescimento das licenciaturas, que exigiram formações compensatórias às lacunas da formação inicial. Ainda, outras características dos programas de formação continuada possivelmente contribuíram para a constituição de uma visão de “prática pela prática”, com modelos de formação verticalizadas e não dialógica com os ambientes de exercício da docência.
Evaluating the Influence of Instructional Approaches on the Mathematical Achievement of Immigrant Students
Authors: Manzouri Malihe
Published: June 2024

As a teacher, my experiences revealed that although most Iranian new immigrant high school students had an excellent mathematical background, they faced difficulties in learning math after relocating to a school in Vancouver, BC. There are several reasons for this, and this article focuses on one of those. I conducted two series of interviews with seven Iranian new immigrant high school students to collect data. They studied in a Canadian school and had also learned math in an Iranian high school. Participants pointed to different math teachers' methods as a reason why learning math in Canada differs from Iran. Canadian math teachers give students the authority to decide on how and when to finish their math work. These students are not familiar with this authority, and they do not know how to plan for their math education. They need support as they learn how to make decisions and be more autonomous.
Chlorophyllin Inhibits Lipid Peroxidation Triggered by the Fenton Reaction
Authors: Romodin L. A
Published: June 2024

The Fenton reaction was used to model a system in which particles similar to those formed during water radiolysis are created. A method of registering the chemiluminescence was applied to the analysis of the chlorophyllin-induced suppression of reactions caused by hydroxyl radicals. It has been shown that sodium copper chlorophyllin dose-dependently inhibits the chemiluminescence which accompanies the Fenton-mediated oxidation of phosphatidic acid. This leads us to conclude that copper chlorophyllin can inhibit the metabolism of lipid radiotoxins, also known as lipid peroxidation, caused by the attack of water radiolysis products to lipid molecules.
Peculiarities of Purinergic Modulation of Myoneural Transmission in Presence of Capsaicin
Authors: Khairullin A. E , Mukhamedyarov M. A , Mukhamedzyanov R. D , Kashtanova N. M , Zhivotova E. N , Suchkova G. G , Shaikhutdinova A. R , Eremeev A. A , Grishin S. N
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate myoneural transmission in the presence of capsaicin that acts as an “integrator of painful stimuli and causes heat sensation”. The effects of purines such as ATP and adenosine that participate in synaptic transmission in presence of capsaicin have been explored. When the muscle-nerve preparation of frog was perfused with solution containing capsaicin, the inhibitory effects of both purines were significantly reduced. A reduction of the depressant effects of adenosine is associated with the inhibition of A1 signaling, since the A2A receptor agonist CGS21680 showed pronounced, almost completely hidden in the control, potentiating effect in presence of capsaicin. Our findings suggest that the known neuroprotective effect of capsaicin is primarily due to elimination of inhibition by endogenous purines of the induced quantum output of the neurotransmitter.
Digital models of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Chernykh A. A. , Yakovenko L. V. , Korneva M. S. , Glebovsky V. Y.
Published: June 2024

Based on the method of gravity modeling, taking into account the accumulated geophysical data on the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, the authors have developed digital models of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust. The digital models of the basement relief and sedimentary cover thickness in the Eurasia Basin are calculated on the basis of reinterpretation of depth multi-channel seismic cross-sections and 2D gravity modeling. The digital models of the Mohorovichich surface relief and the earth’s crust thickness were calculated using the improved 3D gravity modeling method. It is shown that the reason for the deepening of the basement in the Nansen Basin by 1‒1.5 km in comparison with the Amundsen Basin is a larger volume of accumulated sedimentary cover in the Nansen Basin, with a similar thickness of the crust ~4.8 km in both basins. The characteristics of the oceanic crust studied on the basis of the obtained digital models reveal a complex, three-dimensional variability characteristic of ultra-slow spreading ridges. In the region of the Gakkel Ridge, which was formed at full spreading rates of less than 12 mm/year, the maximum spread of crust thickness is observed, as well as the predominance of the role of the tectonic factor over the magmatic one during the accretion of oceanic crust. Latter fact is expressed in the formation of extended subsea ridges parallel to the amagmatic segments of the ridge.
Hardfacing of multicomponent alloys containing refractory metals
Authors: Oleinik K. I. , Bakhteev I. S. , Russkih A. S. , Osinkina T. V. , Zhilina E. M.
Published: June 2024

The paper considers the possibility of coating Al–Zr–V–Nb in the form of a powder with a fraction of 0.063 mm and a humidity of 0.33%, measured using the AND MX-50 device, on a substrate made of 08Cr18Ni10 steel. The deposition was carried out using a laser complex consisting of a laser radiation source LS-5 and a robot KUKA KR-60 ha in a protective argon atmosphere. Gas purging was carried out before the deposition process of 0.3 s and after 1 s. For reliable bonding of the coating powder (Al–Zr–V–Nb) with the surface of the base material (Steel 08Cr18Ni10), a mixture of powder with polyvinyl alcohol was applied to the steel before deposition. According to the data obtained on the Carl Zeiss EVO 40 scanning electron microscope, the optimal mode of deposition of Al–Zr–V–Nb powder on the base material corresponds to a power of 250 Watts at a processing speed of 0.5 m/s and a coating thickness of 0.6 mm. At a lower power of 230 W, the coating cannot melt qualitatively and, in this regard, insufficient penetration of the base metal by the coating metal (adhesion) occurs, resulting in partial detachment. If the power is increased to 270 W, then the base metal and the substrate interact with each other just as well and create a strong monolayer of the coating, as in the optimal mode, but when cooling, due to a significant difference in cooling speeds (the 08Cr18Ni10 steel plate does not have time to cool at the speed of the coating material), cracking occurs and the appearance of microcracks. Thus, there is a need to further increase the number of passes or an additional melting process to create a reliable coating with no discontinuities and islands. At the same time, measurements of Vickers microhardness (HV) during surfacing of the Al–Zr–V–Nb coating showed an increase in HV values by more than two times compared to the base material, which is a sufficient reason for using Al–Zr-V-Nb powder as a strengthening coating for 08Cr18Ni10 steel).
Application
of Additive Technologies in the Study of the Discipline “Technology of Structural Materials”
Authors: Astafyeva E. A. , Noskova O. E. , Lytkina S. I. , Noskov F. M. , Sinichkin A. M.
Published: June 2024

The article considers the possibilities of using additive technologies in teaching
general technical disciplines to future bachelors of engineering training. The article
analyzes the scientific literature on the subject of forming students’ primary skills of
additive technologies application in the study of general engineering disciplines. Within
the framework of this analysis the lack of scientific publications devoted to the experience
of using additive technologies in the framework of studying the discipline “Technology of
Structural Materials” has been revealed. The article presents the expediency and reveals the experience of 3D printing application in the process of teaching students the discipline
“Technology of Structural Materials”. The advantages of the use of additive technologies
in laboratory work are also presented.
Study of the Phenomenon of Polyfunctionality in the Course of
Russian as a Foreign Language (Based on Comparatives bigger/more, better, shorter/anyway).
Authors: Matiishina I. R.
Published: June 2024

The article features the peculiarities of presenting the phenomenon of
polyfunctionality in the course of Russian as a foreign language (RFL). The article is based
on Elena Bryzgunova’s concept, which considers polyfunctionality as the possibility of a
word-form to realize its different particle potential in different syntactic conditions. The article
pays special attention to the description and presentation of the work with polyfunctional comparatives better, bigger / more, shorter / anyway at the second certification level
with students of philology. The article offers exercises for working with the most relevant
realizations of these comparatives for the designated level. The focus is on the fact that the
proposed exercises precede communicative activity, i. e. they are aimed at the formation of
linguistic and speech competence. The described methodological materials can be used both
in general and in nationally oriented teaching of Russian as a foreign language.
Employers Assessment of the Demand for Universal Competencies Among
Bachelors of Physical Culture
Authors: Filonov L. V.
Published: June 2024

The relevance of this work is due to the demand in the field of physical education
and sport for bachelors who are able to qualitatively meet the targets of strategies and
federal programs. The article is aimed at assessing the employers’ demand for universal
competencies in the professional activity of bachelors of training direction 49.03.01
“Physical Culture”. For the organization of the research the methods of questionnaire
and group expert assessment were used. Theoretical analysis of employers’ assessment
of the quality of educational activities and the level of training of graduates in Russian
universities; ways of interaction of educational organizations of higher education with
representatives of enterprises and organizations in Russia and in Western countries was
carried out. Theoretical analysis of interaction of educational organizations with employers,
conducted in the article, will allow faculties to modernize their own model of interaction
with organizations of physical culture and sports industry. The results of the questionnaire
survey will become an impetus for finalizing the working programs of disciplines to improve
the level of formation of universal competencies of future bachelors of physical education.
Effective ways of interaction between employers and educational organizations of higher
education are considered to be open days; job fairs; industrial practice; excursions to
employers; joint events, where students participate in trainings, master classes, analyze
cases from enterprises and organizations, create ideas and work out projects to solve
specific problem situations in the interests of employers.
STRATEGIES FOR ENSURING OF HIGHER EDUCATION ACCESSIBILITY FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Brovkina Aleksandra , Popova Olga
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the main problems of forming the strategy for the inclusive education development in higher education institutions. Based on the systematic approach and content analysis, the authors considered and described a comprehensive legislative framework for ensuring accessibility of higher education for people with disabilities, the main indicators and criteria for the university inclusive environment formation.
FEATURES OF TEACHERS’ LABOR MOTIVATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTEGRATION OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Vyshivanaya Elena
Published: June 2024

The article substantiates the issue of finding an effective motivation system for teaching staff in the conditions of reorganization of educational institutions by combining them into one educational cluster. The purpose of the study was to determine the motives that underlie the activities of the teaching staff against the background of integration. The objectives of this work consisted in theoretical and practical substantiation of the chosen diagnostics of the needs and motives of the employees of the reorganized institutions; identification of factors affecting their motivation; ranking of components within the structure of motivational work activity. To solve the problems of the experiment, mathematical and statistical methods, comparative analysis and generalization of materials, study of documents, survey, questionnaire and methods of processing and interpretation of the data obtained were used. As the result of the study, the relevance and effectiveness of diagnostics of internal, external positive and external negative motivations are substantiated. The prospects for further research are related to the specification of ways to implement the presented motives and to develop methodological recommendations for their practical application when managing educational clusters.
RESOURCES OF AN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION AS A LEADER IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP
Authors: Galeeva Natalya , Osipova Olga , Savenkova Elena , Shklyarova Olga
Published: June 2024

The success of building a productive social partnership on the initiative and with the leadership of an educational organization is ensured, first of all, by an effective school management team as well as an objective and fairly complete assessment of resources, which is the basis for determining a management strategy and concretizing directions, designing a program of interaction with society. The article presents the main approaches to the analysis of resources relevant to social partnership. The authors not only developed a matrix of resources to characterize and analyze the quality of resources necessary for the implementation of a productive interaction in the implementation of social partnership, but also described the results of the study
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR DEVELOPING METACOGNITIVE SKILLS AS A FACTOR OF STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT FORMATION
Authors: Kintsel Alexander
Published: June 2024

. In the article, the author reveals the peculiarities of pedagogical conditions that are necessary to be implemented in the educational process while developing students' metacognitive skills. In the work, these skills are considered as the main factor for the students’ academic achievement development. The study aims at revealing the pedagogical conditions that contribute to forming metacognitive skills in students. In this paper, the author summarizes the research experience conducted by various scientists and gives the author’s opinion based on his own practical experience.
MIND, HEART, HAND AND LANGUAGE AS EDUCATIONAL CRITERIA: Th. STANLEY (1625–1678) AND J. A. COMENIUS (1592–1670)
Authors: Gogleva Еkaterina
Published: June 2024

This article refers to the subject of an understudied subject in the historiography of the history of philosophy and reveals the substantial similarity between Th. Stanley’s poetry and J.A. Comenius’s works. The author’s translations of Stanley’s poems are given. The historical and social prerequisites are shown; they make it possible to consider that Comenian’s ideas affected implicitly Stanley’s work. It is hypothesized that Stanley and Comenius represent the idea of a humanist type of education which is the base of the humanities knowledge and which develops in parallel with a new type of science borrowing methods and samples from mathematics.
WAYS TO OVERCOME OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE DIFFICULTIES IN TEACHING SPECIAL VOCABULARY TO CHINESE STUDENTS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION
Authors: Su Qingxi
Published: June 2024

Today, cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the field of sports and physical culture is intensively developing. Mastering the sports language is equally necessary for future translators, teachers of Russian as a foreign language, athletes, coaches and referees, doctors and specialists in the field of sports medicine, sports journalists, etc. We have identified some objective and subjective difficulties in teaching sports terminology to Chinese students in the context of distance learning, which, due to the complex and unpredictable international situation, has been chosen by many universities as an alternative training format. Expedient ways of overcoming these difficulties are proposed: basing on an increasing motivation to study and activating cognitive activity of students in the classes of Russian as a foreign language; taking into account the specifics of the national character and ethnopsychological characteristics of students; improving digital competencies of the scientific and pedagogical staff, ensuring continuous support of the educational portal of the university; developing self-control in Chinese students; compiling bilingual Russian-Chinese publications on the subject of “Sports” (for example, dictionaries and reference books of sports terms, textbooks on sports); using audiovisual learning tools to improve the memorization of sports terms, etc. The development of a lesson plan on the topic “Summer Olympic sports” with the distribution of time by type of activity for modeling the educational process in the conditions outside the Russian language environment is presented.
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ МОНІТОРИНГУ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПЕРСОНАЛУ НА ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ В УМОВАХ ЗМІННОСТІ РИНКОВОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА
Authors: САВЕНКО Дмитро
Published: June 2024

Промислові підприємства функціонують в умовах невизначеності, змінності ринкового середовища та стикаються з безліччю проблем, серед яких: зниження показників фінансово-господарської діяльності; втрата ринків збуту продукції; міграційні процеси; зниження частки кваліфікованих кадрів на нестача персоналу. Одним із важливих питань є збереження кадрового складу, раціональне використання працівників, адже продуктивність праці, результати роботи впливають на якість виробленої продукції, обсяги виробництва та збуту продукції, рівень конкурентоспроможності та відповідно прибутковість діяльності. Доведено, що існує потреба у комплексному дослідженні стану використання працівників, який дозволить не лише проаналізувати показники роботи працівників, але й сформувати та впровадити інструменти зростання результативності їх роботи. Встановлено, що поряд з дослідженням показників роботи персоналу слід проводити моніторинг використання працівників, що забезпечить спостереження за всіма аспектами роботи, досягнутими результатами та створить базу даних для розробки інструментів стимулювання їх розвитку, виявлення поточних проблем. Удосконалено науково-методичний підхід забезпечення моніторингу використання персоналу промислових підприємств, в рамках якого сформовано теоретико-методичний базис щодо виокремлення інструментів забезпечення зростання результативності роботи, напрямів здійснення моніторингу використання персоналу, показників оцінки стану їх використання та прогнозування очікуваних результатів, що дозволить визначити шляхи покращення роботи працівників в умовах нестабільності ринкового середовища. Крім того, науково-методичний підхід складається з теоретичного та методичного блоків, в рамках яких визначено теоретико-методичні засади здійснення моніторингу використання працівників, що забезпечить формування рекомендацій до підвищення результативності їх використання, сприятиме покращенню показників фінансово-господарської діяльності та ефективності функціонування підприємств.
Forschung zu sexualisierter Gewalt durch betroffene Forschende. Eine Annäherung an ein reichlich beschwiegenes Thema
Authors: Täubrich Malte
Published: June 2024

The subject position of survivor researchers of sexualized violence against children and youths is largely marginalized and silenced in German-speaking academia. Individual as well as structural barriers silencing researchers about self-experienced sexualized violence are analyzed and contextualized with personal experiences about the vulnerability of disclosing sexualized violence as a researcher. Drawing on standpoint epistemology, the question if survivor researchers can comply with scientific standards when researching sexualized violence is critically reflected and contextualized as a mechanism negating vulnerability by researchers and how these mechanisms are challenged by the subject position of survivor researchers. Embracing these challenges, conditions for a cultural change within scientific communities allowing a freer expression of vulnerability and experiences of violence are explored.
Sexualpädagogische Professionalisierung als Aufgabe der Hochschullehre
Authors: Thuswald Marion
Published: June 2024

Sexuality is a constitutive part of pedagogical practice, while sex education has been an interdisciplinary task of schooling since the 1960s (Germany) and since 1970 (Austria). Nevertheless, professionalization in sexuality education has not been implemented as a compulsory part of either education science or teacher education and other pedagogical studies. This article offers an overview of the current state of sexuality education in university teaching – including the prevention of sexual violence – by differentiating terms and task fields, introducing different approaches and discussion points as well as outlining development perspectives.
Adaptive fuzzy-based node communication performance prediction with hybrid heuristic Cluster Head selection framework in WSN using enhanced K-means clustering mechanism
Authors: Ayyappan Asha , Arunachalam Rajesh , Kumar Manivel Lenin
Published: June 2024

The “Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)” has gained a lot of interest among research scholars and has been utilized in various advanced applications in distinct fields. Along with the load balancing techniques, the clustering scheme also prolongs the network’s overall lifespan. The “Cluster Head (CH)” performs the task of load balancing between the nodes in the “Clustering algorithm”; hence, the CH selection procedure is regarded as a critical task in the case of the clustering algorithms. Depending on the CH selection and cluster nodes, the rate of energy consumed by these CHs will be reduced in the wireless sensor. CH selection is a promising solution for the transmission of information within various parameters. Thus, CH selection leads to an increase in the duration of the system and a reduction in the energy utilization by the nodes. Therefore, an “optimization-based CH selection” mechanism in WSN is developed in this paper along with an enhanced node communication performance prediction strategy to provide better communication between the “Sensor Nodes (SNs)” with limited energy expenditure. The node’s communication performance is predicted using the Adaptive Fuzzy, in which metrics such as bit rate, latency, throughput, loss, and packet delivery ratio are specified as the input to the network. Here, the parameters within the fuzzy network are tuned with the help of the recommended “Hybrid Position of Heap and African Buffalo Optimization (HP-HABO)”. Then, to perform efficient node clustering, the “Optimal K-Means Clustering (OKMC)” approach is executed and the CHs are formed using the developed HP-HABO. The objective function depends on the constraints like energy, distance, and predicted communication performance attained by forming these CHs. The performance of the developed CH selection mechanism is verified by analyzing the experimental outcome of the proposed technique with different optimization algorithms and previous works concerning the objective constraints.
Insomnia Symptoms Are Associated with Measures of Functional Deterioration and Dementia Status in Adults with Down Syndrome at High Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Desai Shivum , Chen Ivy Y. , Hom Christy , Doran Eric , Nguyen Dana D. , Benca Ruth M. , Lott Ira T. , Mander Bryce A.
Published: June 2024

Background: While obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia symptoms in neurotypical populations are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), their association with dementia in adults with Down syndrome (DS) remains less clear, even though these symptoms are prevalent and treatable in DS. Understanding their associations with AD-related dementia status, cognitive impairment, and functional deterioration may lead to interventions to slow decline or disease progression in adults with DS. Objective: To characterize differences in OSA and insomnia symptom expression by dementia status, and to determine which sleep factors support dementia diagnosis. Methods: Multimodal consensus conference was used to determine dementia status in 52 adults with DS (52.2 ± 6.4 years, 21 women). Cognitive impairment, adaptive behavior skills, and symptoms of OSA and insomnia were quantified using validated assessments for adults with DS and their primary informants. Results: A sex by dementia status interaction demonstrated that older women with DS and dementia had more severe terminal insomnia but not OSA symptoms relative to older women with DS who were cognitively stable (CS). Greater insomnia symptom severity was associated with greater functional impairments in social and self-care domains adjusting for age, sex, premorbid intellectual impairment, and dementia status. Conclusions: Insomnia symptoms are more severe in women with DS with dementia than in women with DS and no dementia, and regardless of dementia status or sex, more severe insomnia symptoms are associated with greater impairment in activities of daily living. These findings underscore the potential importance of early insomnia symptom evaluation and treatment in women with DS at risk of developing AD.
Resting State Electrophysiological Profiles and Their Relationship with Cognitive Performance in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chino Brenda , López-Sanz David , Doval Sandra , Torres-Simón Lucía , de Frutos Lucas Jaisalmer , Giménez-Llort Lydia , Zegarra-Valdivia Jonathan , Maestú Fernando
Published: June 2024

Background: Aging is a complex and natural process. The physiological decline related to aging is accompanied by a slowdown in cognitive processes, which begins shortly after individuals reach maturity. These changes have been sometimes interpreted as a compensatory sign and others as a fingerprint of deterioration. Objective: In this context, our aim is to uncover the mechanisms that underlie and support normal cognitive functioning in the brain during the later stages of life. Methods: With this purpose, a systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, which identified 781 potential articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 12 studies that examined the brain oscillations patterns in resting-state conditions associated with cognitive performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Results: Although cognitive healthy aging was characterized differently across studies, and various approaches to analyzing brain activity were employed, our review indicates a relationship between alpha peak frequency (APF) and improved performance in neuropsychological scores among cognitively unimpaired older adults. Conclusions: A higher APF is linked with a higher score in intelligence, executive function, and general cognitive performance, and could be considered an optimal, and easy-to-assess, electrophysiological marker of cognitive health in older adults.
Cognitive Speed in Neurodegenerative Disease: Comparing Mean Rate and Inconsistency Within and Across the Alzheimer’s and Lewy Body Spectra in the COMPASS-ND Study
Authors: Caballero H. Sebastian , McFall G. Peggy , Gee Myrlene , MacDonald Stuart , Phillips Natalie A. , Fogarty Jennifer , Montero-Odasso Manuel , Camicioli Richard , Dixon Roger A.
Published: June 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) are characterized by early and gradual worsening perturbations in speeded cognitive responses. Objective: Using simple and choice reaction time tasks, we compared two indicators of cognitive speed within and across the AD and LBD spectra: mean rate (average reaction time across trials) and inconsistency (within person variability). Methods: The AD spectrum cohorts included subjective cognitive impairment (SCI, n = 28), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 121), and AD (n = 45) participants. The LBD spectrum included Parkinson’s disease (PD, n = 32), mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI, n = 21), and LBD (n = 18) participants. A cognitively unimpaired (CU, n = 39) cohort served as common benchmark. We conducted multivariate analyses of variance and discrimination analyses. Results: Within the AD spectrum, the AD cohort was slower and more inconsistent than the CU, SCI, and MCI cohorts. The MCI cohort was slower than the CU cohort. Within the LBD spectrum, the LBD cohort was slower and more inconsistent than the CU, PD, and PD-MCI cohorts. The PD-MCI cohort was slower than the CU and PD cohorts. In cross-spectra (corresponding cohort) comparisons, the LBD cohort was slower and more inconsistent than the AD cohort. The PD-MCI cohort was slower than the MCI cohort. Discrimination analyses clarified the group difference patterns. Conclusions: For both speed tasks, mean rate and inconsistency demonstrated similar sensitivity to spectra-related comparisons. Both dementia cohorts were slower and more inconsistent than each of their respective non-dementia cohorts.
Approaches for Increasing Cerebral Efflux of Amyloid-β in Experimental Systems
Authors: Loeffler David A.
Published: June 2024

Amyloid protein-β (Aβ) concentrations are increased in the brain in both early onset and late onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In early onset AD, cerebral Aβ production is increased and its clearance is decreased, while increased Aβ burden in late onset AD is due to impaired clearance. Aβ has been the focus of AD therapeutics since development of the amyloid hypothesis, but efforts to slow AD progression by lowering brain Aβ failed until phase 3 trials with the monoclonal antibodies lecanemab and donanemab. In addition to promoting phagocytic clearance of Aβ, antibodies lower cerebral Aβ by efflux of Aβ-antibody complexes across the capillary endothelia, dissolving Aβ aggregates, and a “peripheral sink” mechanism. Although the blood-brain barrier is the main route by which soluble Aβ leaves the brain (facilitated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1), Aβ can also be removed via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, glymphatic drainage, and intramural periarterial drainage. This review discusses experimental approaches to increase cerebral Aβ efflux via these mechanisms, clinical applications of these approaches, and findings in clinical trials with these approaches in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment. Based on negative findings in clinical trials with previous approaches targeting monomeric Aβ, increasing the cerebral efflux of soluble Aβ is unlikely to slow AD progression if used as monotherapy. But if used as an adjunct to treatment with lecanemab or donanemab, this approach might allow greater slowing of AD progression than treatment with either antibody alone.
An automated two-stage approach to kidney and tumor segmentation in CT imaging
Authors: Yao Ni , Hu Hang , Han Chuang , Nan Jiaofen , Li Yanting , Zhu Fubao
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: The incidence of kidney tumors is progressively increasing each year. The precision of segmentation for kidney tumors is crucial for diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To enhance accuracy and reduce manual involvement, propose a deep learning-based method for the automatic segmentation of kidneys and kidney tumors in CT images. METHODS: The proposed method comprises two parts: object detection and segmentation. We first use a model to detect the position of the kidney, then narrow the segmentation range, and finally use an attentional recurrent residual convolutional network for segmentation. RESULTS: Our model achieved a kidney dice score of 0.951 and a tumor dice score of 0.895 on the KiTS19 dataset. Experimental results show that our model significantly improves the accuracy of kidney and kidney tumor segmentation and outperforms other advanced methods. CONCLUSION: The proposed method provides an efficient and automatic solution for accurately segmenting kidneys and renal tumors on CT images. Additionally, this study can assist radiologists in assessing patients’ conditions and making informed treatment decisions.
Chronic mild to moderate mitral regurgitation will not have an impact on left atrial strain parameters in the pediatric population
Authors: Begic Zijo , Djukic Milan , Begic Edin , Aziri Buena , Begic Nedim , Badnjevic Almir
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Left atrial strain (LAS) analysis represents a newer non-invasive, sensitive and specific technique for assessing left atrial (LA) function and early detection of its deformation and dysfunction. However, its applicability in mitral regurgitation (MR) in pediatric population remains unexplored, raising pertinent questions regarding its potential role in evaluating the severity and progression of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of chronic MR in children and adolescents on LA remodeling and function. METHODS: The study included 100 participants. Patients with primary and secondary chronic MR lasting at least 5 years fit our inclusion criteria. The exclusion criteria from the study were: patients with functional mitral regurgitation due to primary cardiomyopathies, patients with artificial mitral valve, patients with MR who had previously undergone surgery due to obstructive lesions of the left heart (aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta), patients with significant atrial rhythm disorders (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter). The echocardiographic recordings were conducted by two different cardiologists. Outcome data was reported as mean and standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (Q1–Q3). RESULTS: The study included 100 participants, of whom 50 had MR and the remaining 50 were without MR. The average age of all participants was 15.8 ± 1.2 years, with a gender distribution of 37 males and 63 females. There was a significant difference in the values of LA volume index (LAVI), which were higher in patients with MR (p= 0.0001), S/D ratio (and parameters S and D; p= 0.001, p= 0.0001, p= 0.013), mitral annulus radius (p= 0.0001), E/A ratio (p= 0.0001), as well as septal e’ (m/s), lateral e’ (m/s), and average E/e’ ratio, along with the values of TV peak gradient and LV global longitudinal strain (%). There was no significant difference in LA strain parameters, nor in LA stiffness index (LASI). CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed significant differences in several echocardiographic parameters in pediatric patients with MR relative to those without MR, providing insight into the multifaceted cardiac structural and functional effects of MR in this vulnerable population.
Prevalence of text neck syndrome, its impact on neck dysfunction, and its associated factors among medical students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Salameh Muna A. , Boyajian Silvia D. , Amaireh Enas A. , Jamal Baraah , Alrfooh Hala , AbuKhalaf Khalid , Alzu’bi Omar M. , Al-Tanbouz Hadeel D. , Alzyoud Koloud
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Students increasingly rely on digital devices, leading to text neck syndrome, a common overuse syndrome caused by repetitive forward neck flexion. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of text neck syndrome among medical students and the resulting neck dysfunction and to investigate the possible associated factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used an online self-developed questionnaire among medical students. Students’ characteristics and data about smartphone usage were evaluated for diagnosis. Individuals with at least 3 of the 6 text neck syndrome symptoms and a history of more than four hours a day spent on a smartphone were diagnosed with text neck syndrome. Neck dysfunction was measured using the neck disability index. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study found that 31.7% of students with text neck syndrome have mild neck disabilities, with a higher proportion of females (40%). The characteristics that have a significant relation to text neck syndrome include being female (p < 0.0001), overweight (p = 0.025), being right-handed (p = 0.001), using four digital devices or more (p = 0.002), having low levels of physical activity (P = 0.018), and spending more than three hours a day sitting down (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION: More than a quarter of medical students had text neck syndrome, and most of them had a mild neck disability. Text Neck Syndrome was linked to an increased number of gadgets used, low exercise, and more time spent in a sitting position.
UNRAVELING CULTURAL PRACTICES AND SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW IN THE SEAWEED TRADING SYSTEM OF KUALA STABAS, LAMPUNG
Authors: Pradikta Hervin Yoki , Wazier Rawan Ba , Nofika Yenda , Muhammad Hasanuddin
Published: June 2024

Buying and selling are essential economic activities integral to fulfilling daily needs. In the community of Kuala Stabas, Pesisir Barat Regency, Lampung, Indonesia, a unique system for trading seaweed using plastic bags without prior weighing is prevalent. The legality of this system under Sharia economic law remains unclear. This study aims to address this research gap by evaluating the legitimacy of the seaweed trading system using plastic bags from the perspective of Sharia economic law while also examining the local wisdom inherent in the practices of the Lampung community. This field research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, gathering primary data through interviews with key informants and supplementing it with secondary data. The uniqueness of this study lies in its in-depth analysis of local practices that have been scarcely studied. Findings indicate that the practice of trading seaweed using plastic bags in Kuala Stabas is lawful and permissible under Sharia economic law, as it aligns with the principles, requirements, and conditions of trade in Sharia, including Aqidain, Sighat (ijab qabul) and Ma'qud 'alaih. This research significantly contributes new insights into the local trading dynamics within the framework of Sharia economic law, enriching the existing literature and providing a foundation for further research.
The influence of technological factors on the wear resistance of white cast iron
Authors: Volkov S. Yu. , Kolokol'tsev V. M. , Potapov M. G. , Belkin D. E.
Published: June 2024

Wear-resistant cast irons with a martensitic matrix or a martensitic-austenitic matrix, in which carbides of the M7C3 type are evenly distributed, possess the best service properties. The main axes of the carbides are directed towards the working surface of the casting. The presence of the M3C cementite type or carbides of the M23C5 type in the structure of carbides reduces wear resistance. In addition, the presence of primary carbides in the structure also has a negative effect. One of the sources of primary hypereutectic carbides is high-carbon ferrochrome, which is used for smelting high-chromium cast irons. Large chromium carbides entering the melt from such a charge apparently do not have time to completely dissolve during the cast iron melting process and remain in the structure after the alloy solidifies. The use of low carbon ferrochrome may not always be economically feasible. In this case, two grades of ferrochrome can be used ‒ low-carbon and high-carbon. When using high-carbon ferrochrome grades FKh650 and FKh800 for the preparation of white cast iron, it can be recommended to improve the properties by homogenizing the melt at a temperature of 1500‒1550 °C for 5‒15 minutes. This reduces the amount of primary carbides and increases wear resistance. Cooling rate is the most significant factor determining the characteristics of the primary cast structure of white wear-resistant cast irons. The cooling rate of the casting is determined mainly by the reduced thickness of the casting, the type of casting mold, the pouring temperature and it is not the same on the surface and in the center of the casting, especially the massive one. The influence of cooling rate on the structure and properties of cast iron by means of the influence of the casting wall thickness, its reduced size and the type of the casting mold. The research was carried out on two new compositions of wear-resistant cast iron
LITERASI EKOLOGIS
Authors: Labobar Julianus , Kapojos Sintia
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini menginvestigasi implementasi pendidikan lingkungan hidup di SMP Negeri Se-Distrik Sentani dan dampaknya terhadap pemahaman siswa tentang isu-isu lingkungan serta literasi ekologis mereka. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi sejumlah tantangan, termasuk kurangnya pengetahuan ekologis di kalangan siswa dan pelatihan terbatas bagi guru dalam memberikan pendidikan lingkungan. Metodologi kualitatif digunakan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pendidikan lingkungan hidup melalui integrasi ke dalam kurikulum sekolah melalui berbagai mata pelajaran dan kegiatan sekolah. Guru yang dapat mengaitkan materi pembelajaran dengan situasi lokal siswa memiliki pengaruh positif dalam membentuk pemahaman siswa tentang isu-isu lingkungan. Meskipun demikian, kendala seperti ketersediaan materi dan pelatihan yang kurang bagi guru tetap menjadi tantangan. Pengintegrasian pendidikan lingkungan hidup membuahkan hasil positif, dengan siswa yang mulai menghargai alam, merasa bertanggung jawab terhadap lingkungan, dan mampu berpikir kritis tentang dampak tindakan mereka. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendidikan lingkungan hidup dan literasi ekologis berperan penting dalam membentuk sikap, pengetahuan, dan perilaku siswa terkait lingkungan. Implementasi pendidikan lingkungan hidup di sekolah dapat memberikan manfaat yang signifikan dalam menghasilkan generasi yang lebih peduli terhadap lingkungan dan mampu mengambil tindakan untuk menjaga keberlanjutan lingkungan.
PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG DI TINJAU DARI PERDA NOMOR 4 TAHUN 2021
Authors: ARIDHO AHMAD
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Peraturan Daerah (Perda) Nomor 4 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Metode kualitatif digunakan untuk memahami peran pemerintah, dan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah. Penelitian ini mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi PERDA ini menghadapi beberapa tantangan, termasuk kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya pengelolaan sampah, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan koordinasi antarinstansi yang belum optimal. Namun, upaya pemerintah dalam memperkuat infrastruktur pengelolaan sampah dan meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat telah memberikan dampak positif dalam mengurangi jumlah sampah dan meningkatkan kesadaran lingkungan. Kesimpulannya, penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi pemangku kepentingan untuk memperbaiki strategi pengelolaan sampah di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Kata Kunci: Pengelolaan Sampah, Peraturan Daerah, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Metode Kualitatif.
Методологічні підходи прогнозування стану здоров’я населення на основі оцінки ризиків, спричинених забрудненням довкілля
Authors: Першегуба Ярослав
Published: June 2024

Резюме. Розглянуто методологічні підходи прогнозування стану здоров’я населення наоснові оцінювання ризиків від забруднення довкілля. Мета. Розробити методологічні підходидо прогнозування стану здоров’я населення на основі оцінювання ризиків від забрудненнядовкілля на прикладі забруднення повітря. Методи. Аналіз науково-методичної літератури,узагальнення, синтез, абстрагування, формалізація. Результати. Було виконано системнийаналіз наукової, науково-методичної літератури та інших джерел інформації, що стосують-ся методологічних підходів прогнозування стану здоров’я населення на основі оцінюванняризиків для здоров’я населення від забруднення довкілля. За отриманими результатамибуло зроблено висновки, що оцінювання впливу забруднення повітря на населення за допо-могою ризиків потрібне для ефективної політики контролю якості повітря та впровадженняефективних втручань. Управління забрудненням повітря означає зменшення до прийнятнихрівнів або можливе усунення забруднювачів повітря, присутність яких у повітрі впливає нарівень здоров’я людини. Розробники політики у сфері охорони здоров’я повинні використо-вувати оцінювання ризиків для здоров’я населення від забруднення довкілля для сприянняздоров’ю населення, зменшенню впливу та більш точному запобіганню виникнення захво-рювань ефективними та економічно вигідними способами.Ключові слова: методологія оцінювання ризику, стан здоров’я, забруднення довкілля, гро-мадське здоров’я.
Вплив рухової активності на біосинтетичну функцію печінки у хворих на токсичний гепатит
Authors: Шматова Олена , Барчук Марина
Published: June 2024

Резюме. Несприятлива екологічна ситуація, безконтрольне вживання ліків, зловживанняалкоголем, недоброякісні продукти харчування, розвиток хімічної промисловості сприяютьзростанню захворюваності на хронічний токсичний гепатит. Лікування та реабілітація хворихмає супроводжуватись суттєвим обмеженням медикаментозного навантаження на печінкуі тому визначає актуальність застосування методів фізичної реабілітації. Мета. Вивченнявпливу рухової активності на біосинтетичну функцію печінки у хворих на токсичний гепатит.Методи. Аналіз даних фізичних методів обстеження, ультразвукового дослідження печінки іфункціональної активності сироваткового альбуміну крові та втягнення в процес глобулінів.Результати. Встановлено, що у хворих з токсичними гепатитами використання руховоїактивності з урахуванням важкості перебігу захворювання та наявності супутньої патологіїдає змогу підвищити біосинтетичну функцію печінки, що покращує якість життя хворих і їхсоціалізацію.Ключові слова: токсичний гепатит, рухова активність, біосинтетична функція, печінка.