bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einfluss der Brustdimension bei der einzeitigen Augmentationsmastopexie auf die Implantatauswahl – Erfahrungen aus 103 konsekutiven Brustaugmentationen mit nanotexturierten Silikonimplantaten
Authors: Lam Martin C. , Vorhold Jens , Pech Thomas , Wefers Natalie , Kalff Jörg C. , Walgenbach Klaus J.
Published: April 2021

Hintergrund Laut aktueller Studienlage weist die einzeitige Augmentationsmastopexie (AM) geringe Komplikationen auf und ist mit einer niedrigeren Reoperationsrate verbunden, als wenn ein zweizeitiges Vorgehen erfolgt. Bei der AM kann sich die Brustdimension im Vergleich zu jenen Fällen ohne zusätzliche Straffungsindikation deutlich unterscheiden. Dabei blieben diese Unterschiede nur unzureichend untersucht. In der vorliegenden Studie sollen diese zunächst quantifiziert und im Anschluss die Auswirkung der Brustdimension auf die Implantatauswahl eruiert werden. Zudem soll der Einfluss der Mastopexie auf das Outcome von Augmentationen mit runden nanotexturierten Silikonimplantaten evaluiert werden.

Patienten und Methoden Über einen Zweijahreszeitraum wurden alle Patientinnen mit primären Brustaugmentationen mit nanotexturierten Implantaten in die Studie eingeschlossen. Soziodemografische Daten, präoperative Brustmaße, Spezifikationen der eingesetzten Implantate und Komplikationen der Augmentationsgruppe ohne Straffung wurden mit jenen der Gruppe mit AM verglichen. Die Zufriedenheit der Patientinnen und der Operateure wurde mittels Likert-Skalen dokumentiert.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 206 Brustaugmentationen bei n = 103 Patientinnen durchgeführt. Das mittlere Follow-up betrug 24,0 ± 4,3 Monate. Im Vergleich zur Augmentation ohne Straffungsindikation lagen bei der AM breitere Brustbasen und größere präoperative Körbchengrößen vor, p < 0,001. In der Folge wurden bei der AM Implantate mit breiteren Durchmessern und niedrigeren Volumina (p < 0,05) ausgewählt, welche mit geringeren Projektionen verbunden waren, p < 0,001. Die Gesamtrevisionsraten nach Augmentationen ohne (n = 51) und mit Straffung (n = 52) betrugen 5,9 % und 19,2 %, p < 0,05. Die AM erhöhte gewebebedingte Revisionen von 2,0 % auf 13,4 % (p < 0,05) ohne Einfluss auf implantatbedingte Revisionen (3,9 % vs. 5,8 %, p = 0,663). Die Gesamtinzidenz von Kapselkontrakturen lag bei 1,9 %. In beiden Gruppen zeigte sich eine annähernd gleichhohe Zufriedenheit.

Schlussfolgerung Im Vergleich zu Augmentationen ohne Straffung führen präoperativ breitere Brustbasen und größere Brustvolumina zur Auswahl von signifikant unterschiedlichen Implantatdimensionen bei der AM. Nanotexturierte Implantate sind verbunden mit niedrigen Komplikationsraten, wobei ein erhöhtes Risiko für gewebebedingte Revisionen nach AM verbleibt. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um eventuelle Vor- und Nachteile gegenüber etablierten Implantaten zu evaluieren.
Chirurgische Therapieoptionen bei ausgeprägten spastischen Kontrakturen der oberen Extremität
Authors: Merk Joachim , Prahm Cosima , Heinzel Johannes , Kefalianakis Laura , Daigeler Adrien , Kolbenschlag Jonas
Published: April 2021

Chirurgische Interventionen bergen ein beachtliches Potenzial in der Rehabilitation spastischer Hand- und Armfehlstellungen. Therapeuten können dazu beitragen, dass eine chirurgische Indikationsprüfung möglichst frühzeitig eingeleitet wird, wenn durch konservative Maßnahmen keine Verbesserung mehr zu erreichen ist.
Granuloma anulare, Necrobiosis lipoidica und deren Assoziation zu Adipositas, Diabetes mellitus und hämatologischen Malignomen
Authors: Müller C. S. L. , Shabani M. , Wagenpfeil G. , Vogt T.
Published: April 2021

Das Granuloma anulare und die Necrobiosis lipoidica sind zwei selten auftretende Dermatosen mit Gynäkotropie und granulomatöser feingeweblicher Komponente und meist therapierefraktärem hoch-chronischen Verlauf. Assoziationen mit einem Diabetes mellitus, Schilddrüsenerkrankungen und Dyslipidämie wurden schon länger vermutet, konnten jedoch bisher nicht sicher statistisch nachgewiesen werden.
Aktuelle Behandlungsempfehlungen nach Hängetrauma
Authors: Schneider Jörg
Published: April 2021

Beim Hängetrauma handelt sich nicht um eine Verletzung. Passives Hängen im Seil in vertikaler Position führt zu einer Kreislaufdysregulation mit möglicherweise letalen Folgen. Es kann aufgrund allgemeiner Hypoperfusion zu einem Multiorganversagen kommen. Für die Behandlung dieses Hängetraumas (genannt auch suspension trauma, suspension syndrome oder harness hang syncope) sind noch keine standardisierten Behandlungsrichtlinien veröffentlicht worden. Im Herbst 2020 und im Februar 2021 wurden 2 Artikel mit Behandlungsempfehlungen veröffentlicht.
Rezidivierende Harnwegsinfektionen – was tun?
Authors: Faßl Daniel , Wagenlehner Florian
Published: April 2021

Harnwegsinfektionen zählen zu den häufigsten bakteriellen Infektionen. Einen nicht geringen Anteil stellen rezidivierende Harnwegsinfekte dar, was bei den Patientinnen zu Beeinträchtigungen vor allem bei körperlicher Intimität, Sozialkontakten und Arbeitsfähigkeit führt. Hilfe bei Diagnosestellung und Verlaufsbeurteilung kann der standardisierte Fragebogen ACSS geben.

Neben allgemeiner Aufklärung und Beratung über Risikofaktoren von Harnwegsinfektionen sind vor allem die nicht-antibiotischen Therapieoptionen zur Rezidivreduktion wichtig. Ziele hiervon sind Resistenzentwicklungen und den entsprechenden unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen von Antibiotika vorzubeugen. Zu den nicht-antibiotischen Strategien zählen allen voran eine persönliche Beratung mit Vermittlung von Verhaltensempfehlungen, die Immunoprophylaxe, Phytotherapeutika, sowie eine lokale Östrogensubstitution. Bei hohem Leidensdruck der Patientinnen ist jedoch nach entsprechender Abwägung auch eine antibiotische Prophylaxe in Betracht zu ziehen. Zusammenfassend sollte eine individuelle Beratung erfolgen und mit einem multimodalen Therapieansatz behandelt werden.
Heilsame Bewegung im System
Authors: Cicekten Alphan
Published: April 2021

Welche Rolle spielt das Familiensystem bei chronischen Erkrankungen, und wie können Familienaufstellungen hier unbewusste Zusammenhänge ans Licht bringen? Inwieweit ist Aufstellungsarbeit auch Traumatherapie – und wie kann eine heilsame Bewegung im System entstehen? Ein Gespräch mit dem Heilpraktiker und Systemaufsteller Stephan Hausner.
Nutzerzufriedenheit in den sozialen Medien. Wie beurteilen Patienten ihren Krankenhausaufenthalt online?
Authors: Hopf Felix , Patzelt Christiane , Schindler Anja , Emmert Martin , Sander Uwe
Published: April 2021

Hintergrund Patienten nutzen zunehmend soziale Medien und Bewertungsportale, um sich über Krankenhäuser zu informieren, diese zu bewerten oder einen Erfahrungsbericht über den Krankenhausaufenthalt zu schreiben. Krankenhäuser haben die Möglichkeit, online abgegebene Patientenkritik für die interne Qualitätssicherung sowie das Online-Reputationsmarketing zu nutzen. Ziel der Studie: Ziel ist es, Zufriedenheitsbewertungen zu vorangegangen Krankenhausaufenthalten von Social Media Nutzern der Plattformen „Google“ sowie Nutzern des Bewertungsportals „Klinikbewertungen.de“ zu analysieren und plattformspezifisch zu vergleichen.

Methodik Es wurde eine Extraktion von Nutzerbewertungen (N=16 691) zu allen Krankenhäusern (N=180) im Bundesland Niedersachsen (Vollerhebung) auf den Plattformen Google und Klinikbewertungen.de für die Jahre 2013–2018 vorgenommen. Anschließend wurden deskriptive und induktive Analysen (Chi²-Test) der Nutzerbewertungen durchgeführt und ein plattformspezifischer Vergleich vorgenommen.

Ergebnisse Die meisten Nutzer sind mit ihrem Krankenhausaufenthalt zufrieden, wobei Nutzer der Plattform Google ihren Krankenhausaufenthalt schlechter bewerten (n=6 181; 57,6% zufrieden) als Nutzer der Plattform Klinikbewertungen (n=10 509; 65,4% zufrieden). Krankenhauseigenschaften (Bettenzahl, Fachabteilung), Eigenschaften des Nutzers (Verfasser, Versicherungsart) sind mit der Bewertung des Krankenhausaufenthaltes (Sternebewertung) signifikant assoziiert (Google: Bettenzahl p<0,001; Klinikbewertungen.de: Bettenzahl p<0,001, Verfasser p<0,001, Fachabteilung p<0,001, Versicherungsart p<0,001).

Schlussfolgerung Die Onlinebewertung eines Krankenhausaufenthaltes ist assoziiert mit der Bettenzahl und der Fachabteilung eines Krankenhauses sowie damit, ob der Verfasser Patient oder Angehöriger ist und ob eine private oder gesetzliche Krankenversicherung besteht. Diese Erkenntnisse können für die Interpretation von Onlinebewertung eines Krankenhausaufenthaltes verwendet werden und können die Nutzung von Online-Bewertungen für Krankenhäuser für die interne Qualitätssicherung oder zur Verbesserung der Online-Reputation unterstützen.
Consensus Recommendations for Intramuscular COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Hemophilia
Authors: Pfrepper Christian , Holstein Katharina , Königs Christoph , Heller Christine , Krause Manuela , Olivieri Martin , Bidlingmaier Christoph , Sigl-Kraetzig Michael , Wendisch Jörg , Halimeh Susan , Horneff Silvia , Richter Heinrich , Wieland Ivonne , Klamroth Robert , Oldenburg Johannes , Tiede Andreas ,   On Behalf of the Hemophilia Board of the German, Austrian, Swiss Society on Thrombosis Hemostasis Research (GTH)
Published: April 2021

Background Currently available coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are approved for intramuscular injection and efficacy may not be ensured when given subcutaneously. For years, subcutaneous vaccination was recommended in patients with hemophilia to avoid intramuscular bleeds. Therefore, recommendations for the application of COVID-19 vaccines are needed.

Methods The Delphi methodology was used to develop consensus recommendations. An initial list of recommendations was prepared by a steering committee and evaluated by 39 hemophilia experts. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement and strong consensus as ≥95% agreement, and agreement as a score ≥7 on a scale of 1 to 9. After four rounds, a final list of statements was compiled.

Recommendations Consensus was achieved that COVID-19 vaccines licensed only for intramuscular injection should be administered intramuscularly in hemophilia patients. Prophylactic factor replacement, given on the day of vaccination with a maximum interval between prophylaxis and vaccination of 24 hours (factor VIII and conventional factor IX concentrates) or 48 hours (half-life extended factor IX), should be provided in patients with moderate or severe hemophilia. Strong consensus was achieved that patients with mild hemophilia and residual factor activity greater than 10% with mild bleeding phenotype or patients on emicizumab usually do not need factor replacement before vaccination. Swelling, erythema, and hyperthermia after vaccination are not always signs of bleeding but should prompt consultation of a hemophilia care center. In case of injection-site hematoma, patients should receive replacement therapy until symptoms disappear.

Conclusions Consensus was achieved on recommendations for intramuscular COVID-19 vaccination after replacement therapy for hemophilia patients depending on disease severity.
Hygiene neu verstehen: Teil 1
Authors: Handke Denis
Published: April 2021

Beim Hygienemanagement ist der PDCA-Zyklus eine verbreitete Vorgehensweise mit den Schritten Plan-Do-Check-Act (Planen, Durchführen, Evaluieren und Handeln). Auch zunächst simpel erscheinende Maßnahmen des Hygienemanagements, zum Beispiel die Händedesinfektion, erfordert die Einbindung zahlreicher Vorgaben, Richtlinien und individueller Fragestellungen. Das Hygienemanagement umfasst alle wichtigen Aspekte der Hygiene in der Praxis und sollte immer wieder geprüft, angepasst und in einem gebündelten Dokument festgehalten werden.
Gesunde Kinder durch Hydrotherapie nach Kneipp
Authors: Gündling Peter W.
Published: April 2021

Hydrotherapeutische Anwendungen nach Kneipp eigen sich gut für Kinder – teils eher prophylaktisch und teils eher therapeutisch beispielsweise bei akuten Atemwegsinfekten. Wendet man hydrotherapeutische Maßnahmen bei Kindern an, sind einige grundsätzliche Punkte zu beachten, zum Beispiel, dass bei Kaltanwendungen stets vor- und nachgewärmt werden muss. Zu den hydrotherapeutischen Anwendungen bei Kindern zählen vor allem Wassertreten, Güsse, Bäder, Inhalationen und Auflagen sowie Wickel.
vHTS and 3D-QSAR for the Identification of Novel Phyto-inhibitors of Farnesyltransferase: Validation of Ascorbic Acid inhibition of Farnesyltransferase in an Animal Model of Breast Cancer
Authors: Samuel Metibemu Damilohun
Published: April 2021

Farnesyltransferase (FTase) is a zinc enzyme that has been the subject of attention in anti-cancer research over the past. In this study, phytochemicals from Curcuma longa L., Taraxacum officinale, and Spondias mombin plants were screened for their inhibitory potentials on the human farnesyltransferase. A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model for the inhibition of farnesyltransferase was generated and the inhibition of farnesyltransferase by the hit, ascorbic acid was validated in an animal model of breast cancer. The lead compound, ascorbic acid makes extensive hydrogen bond interactions with key residues, lys-353, tyr-300, gly-290, leu-290 within the active site of farnesyltransferase. It downregulated the expression of FNTA mRNA in an animal model of breast cancer. The 3D-QSAR generated herein is robust, thoroughly validated, and should be employed in the pipelining of novel farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Ascorbic acid demonstrates its anticancer potentials through the inhibition of farnesyltransferase.
Measuring Psychological Load in Sport
Authors: Mellalieu Stephen , Jones Christopher , Wagstaff Christopher , Kemp Simon , Cross Matthew J.
Published: April 2021

Monitoring the physical load undertaken by athletes and examining the subsequent
relationship with performance and injury and illness risk is common practice in
high performance sport. Less attention has been paid to the psychological
factors contributing to the overall load experienced and the impact upon health
status and performance. This paper discusses considerations for the
conceptualization and measurement of psychological load in sport. First, we
outline the importance of ensuring conceptual clarity is adopted in the
measurement of psychological load. Next, we discuss the challenges to measuring
psychological load in a comparable manner to which physical load is currently
evaluated, including use of subjective assessment, adoption of specific and
global approaches, and development of measurement instrumentation, techniques,
and expertise. We then offer recommendations for practitioners when undertaking
assessment of psychological load in sport. We conclude with future research
directions to advance the study and measurement of the construct, including the
interaction between psychological and physical load, the appraisal of the load
faced, and personal and social resources available to successfully cope. We also
highlight the need to consider groups of athletes (e. g., transitioning
athlete, long-term injured) at greater risk from threats to mental and physical
health from increased psychological load.
Interoperator Reliability of Lung Ultrasound during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: De Molo Chiara , Consolini Silvia , Salvatore Veronica , Grignaschi Alice , Lanotte Antonella , Masi Livia , Giostra Fabrizio , Serra Carla
Published: April 2021

Aim Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a reliable, radiation-free, and bedside imaging technique used to assess several pulmonary diseases. Although COVID-19 is diagnosed with a nasopharyngeal swab, detection of pulmonary involvement is crucial for safe patient discharge. Computed tomography (CT) is currently the gold standard. To treat paucisymptomatic patients, we have implemented a “fast track” pathway in our emergency department, using LUS as a valid alternative. Minimal data is available in the literature about interobserver reliability and the level of expertise needed to perform a reliable examination. Our aim was to assess these.

Materials and Methods This was a single-center prospective study. We enrolled 96 patients. 12 lung areas were explored in each patient with a semiquantitative assessment of pulmonary aeration loss in order to obtain the LUS score. Scans were performed by two different operators, an expert and a novice, who were blinded to their colleague’s results.

Results 96 patients were enrolled. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed excellent agreement between the expert and the novice operator (ICC 0.975; 0.962–0.983); demographic features (age, sex, and chronic pulmonary disease) did not influence the reproducibility of the method. The ICC was 0.973 (0.950–0.986) in males, 0.976 (0.959–0.986) in females; 0.965 (0.940–0.980) in younger patients (≤ 46 yrs), and 0.973 (0.952–0.985) in older (> 46 yrs) patients. The ICC was 0.967 (0.882–0.991) in patients with pulmonary disease and 0.975 (0.962–0.984) in the other patients. The learning curve showed an increase in interobserver agreement.

Conclusion Our results confirm the feasibility and reproducibility of the method among operators with different levels of expertise, with a rapid learning curve.
Holmium-166 Radioembolization
Authors: Lam Marnix G. E. H. , Smits Maarten L. J. , Bruijnen Rutger C. G. , de Keizer Bart , Braat Arthur J. A. T.
Published: April 2021

Radioembolization is usually performed with microspheres containing yttrium-90 (90Y). Holmium-166 (166Ho)-microspheres were developed as an alternative new product for radioembolization. The unique characteristics of 166Ho-microspheres allow for improved imaging possibilities. They can be visualized and quantified, already at low numbers and activities, to predict treatment distribution using 166Ho-microspheres at scout quantity during pre-treatment simulation. The option to reliably predict the distribution of microspheres provides physicians control over the treatment, allowing them to select and treat patients with a personalized treatment plan. Safety and efficacy were established in several clinical studies. 166Ho-microspheres radioembolization aims to optimize individualized treatment planning in order to improve treatment outcomes.
Age-Related Hearing Loss and the Development of Cognitive Impairment and Late-Life Depression: A Scoping Overview
Authors: Sharma Rahul K. , Chern Alexander , Golub Justin S.
Published: April 2021

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) has been connected to both cognitive decline and late-life depression. Several mechanisms have been offered to explain both individual links. Causal and common mechanisms have been theorized for the relationship between ARHL and impaired cognition, including dementia. The causal mechanisms include increased cognitive load, social isolation, and structural brain changes. Common mechanisms include neurovascular disease as well as other known or as-yet undiscovered neuropathologic processes. Behavioral mechanisms have been used to explain the potentially causal association of ARHL with depression. Behavioral mechanisms include social isolation, loneliness, as well as decreased mobility and impairments of activities of daily living, all of which can increase the risk of depression. The mechanisms underlying the associations between hearing loss and impaired cognition, as well as hearing loss and depression, are likely not mutually exclusive. ARHL may contribute to both impaired cognition and depression through overlapping mechanisms. Furthermore, ARHL may contribute to impaired cognition which may, in turn, contribute to depression. Because ARHL is highly prevalent and greatly undertreated, targeting this condition is an appealing and potentially influential strategy to reduce the risk of developing two potentially devastating diseases of later life. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanistic relationship between ARHL, depression, and impaired cognition.
Heliocarpus donnellsmithii (majagua).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: April 2021

A datasheet on Heliocarpus donnellsmithii covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.
Olea europaea subsp. europaea (European olive).
Authors: Popay Ian
Published: April 2021

A datasheet on Olea europaea subsp. europaea covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.
Aloe vera (true aloe).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: April 2021

A datasheet on Aloe vera covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.
Next Generation Sequencing of Y-STRs in Father-Son Pairs and Comparison with Traditional Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Bredemeyer Steffi , Roewer Lutz , Willuweit Sascha
Published: April 2021

To evaluate the promising advantages of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) in our casework, we analysed a total of 33 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) with traditional capillary electrophoresis (CE) and 25 Y-STRs using the newer MPS technology. We studied the outcome of both technologies in 64 father-son pairs using stock and custom-designed kits. Current MPS technology confirmed the 13 mutational events observed with CE and improved our understanding of the complex nature of STR mutations. By detecting isometric sequence variants between unrelated males, we show that sequencing Y-STRs using MPS can boost discrimination power.
FIT2 organizes lipid droplet biogenesis with ER tubule-forming proteins and septins
Authors: Chen Fang , Yan Bing , Ren Jie , Lyu Rui , Wu Yanfang , Guo Yuting , Li Dong , Zhang Hong , Hu Junjie
Published: April 2021

Lipid droplets (LDs) are critical for lipid storage and energy metabolism. LDs form in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the molecular basis for LD biogenesis remains elusive. Here, we show that fat storage–inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FIT2) interacts with ER tubule-forming proteins Rtn4 and REEP5. The association is mainly transmembrane domain based and stimulated by oleic acid. Depletion of ER tubule-forming proteins decreases the number and size of LDs in cells and Caenorhabditis elegans, mimicking loss of FIT2. Through cytosolic loops, FIT2 binds to cytoskeletal protein septin 7, an interaction that is also required for normal LD biogenesis. Depletion of ER tubule-forming proteins or septins delays nascent LD formation. In addition, FIT2-interacting proteins are up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation, and ER tubule-forming proteins, septin 7, and FIT2 are transiently enriched at LD formation sites. Thus, FIT2-mediated nascent LD biogenesis is facilitated by ER tubule-forming proteins and septins.
Down but far from out: The durability of SARS-CoV-2 immunity after asymptomatic infection
Authors: Kedl Ross M.
Published: April 2021

The dynamics of immune responses in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2–infected subjects remain to be fully characterized. The work presented in this issue of JEM by Le Bert et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20202617) sheds some light on these issues and ultimately provides some degree of confidence in the magnitude and persistence of immunity over time after asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Morphological characteristics, chemical and amino acids composition of flours from velvet beans tempe (Mucuna pruriens), an indigeneous legumes from Yogyakarta
Authors: Fitriyah H , Anwar F , Palupi E
Published: April 2021

Velvet beans (Mucuna pruriens) an under-utilized legume which grown predominantly in tropical area, including in Indonesia. The morphological characteristics, chemical and amino acid composition of seeds, fermented velvet beans (Benguk tempeh), and Benguk tempeh flours from the legumes Mucuna pruriens was evaluated to determine their potential practical applications. The seeds of velvet beans contains 12.73±0.10, 4.34±0.33, 25.49±0.06, 3.66±0.03, 3.90±0.06, and 53.79±0.26 (% wb) of moisture, fat, crude protein, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrate, respectively. The mineral content of velvet seeds was 76.38±8.77, 6.64±0.67, and 3.08±0.12 mg 100 g1 of calcium, iron, and zinc, respectively. Fermentation process on velvet beans into tempeh brings nutritional changes including the breakdown of certain nutrition content and reduction of anti-nutritional compounds. The velvet beans tempeh contains 54.76±0.24, 2.40±0.16, 12.84±0.56, 1.02±0.13, 3.66±0.49, and 28.99±0.60 (% wb) moisture, fat, crude protein, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrate, respectively. The mineral content of velvet beans tempeh was 55.49±13.91, 6.56±0.39 and 2.60±0.33 mg 100 g1 of calcium, iron, and zinc, respectively. The flours were prepared by steam blanching, oven-drying (60°C) for 7h and milling. The flours contains 13.13±0.52, 6.78±0.72, 25.29±0.41, 0.76±0.04, 4.34±0.32, and 54.06±0.47 (% wb) of moisture, fat, crude protein, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrate, respectively. The mineral content of flour was 29.43±0.00, 5.87±1.36 and 2.56±0.04 mg 100 g” 1 of calcium, iron, and zinc, respectively. The essential amino acids profile of total flour proteins compared favourably with the FAO/WHO reference pattern except for deficiency of sulfo amino acids (methionine and sistin) with concentration of 9.72 mg g1 crude protein. The flours have potential as flour alternatives for food product development.
A Method for Detecting Interaction between 3D Hands and Unknown Objects in RGB Video
Authors: Wu Yankun , Wang Peipei , Wang Xin , Liu Guanqun , Zhao Lin , Xiang Ji
Published: April 2021

We propose a model that can extract 3D position of hand and object in per-frame of RGB videos through a single feed-forward neural network and a zero-shot learning classifier, and understand unknown hand-object interactions in the entire video through an interactive temporal module. The process is trained end-to-end, without depth images or annotated coordinates as input, which has good application prospects in real life.
A secure multicast routing algorithm Based on distributed PCE in multi-domain optical networks
Authors: Zhou Yang , Wu Qiwu , Jiang Lingzhi
Published: April 2021

Aiming at the calculation of secure multicast routing in multi-domain optical network, a new secure multicast routing algorithm based on distributed path calculation element was proposed. Firstly, the distributed PCE multicast routing model was constructed, and the intra-domain cost, inter-domain cost, maximum available wavelength and related constraints were defined. Secondly, the pheromone update strategy of ant colony algorithm with ant queen was locally simplified and modified to make it suitable for the distributed PCE architecture of multi-domain optical network. At the same time, by optimizing the trust value calculation method in the lightweight cross domain trust model, the algorithm can be applied to the calculation of trust value of multicast routing in multi domain optical networks. Finally, the specific implementation steps of the algorithm were given. The analysis and experimental results show that the algorithm can not only ensure the security of cross domain multicast routing, but also prevent the malicious nodes from destroying. Compared with the typical multicast routing algorithm, it has better performance in multicast tree cost and blocking rate in malicious node environment.
Automation of Calculations of Physical Deterioration of Elements of Residential Buildings
Authors: Kuripta O V , Vorob’eva Yu A , Minakova O V
Published: April 2021

The article raises the urgent problem of automating the process of calculating and assessing the physical deterioration of buildings, which is the most important indicator characterizing the physical condition of the building in quantitative terms and of interest to realtors and management companies. In this regard, the authors proposed and developed a software module that allows you to calculate and evaluate the physical depreciation of buildings in accordance with departmental standards, which reduces the complexity and reduces the process of assessing physical depreciation. When working with the software module, the user is provided with the following functionalities: selection of the studied elements of the system, background information on the signs of their wear, automatic calculation of physical wear and reporting on the received assessment.
Urban Square Covering as the Environmental Design Element
Authors: Shipilov A G , Zaichikov R S , Ponomarenko N V
Published: April 2021

The article presents complementary synthesis method. It is necessary for students to form design thinking when designing urban environment. The method is revealed through mutually complementary aspects: social aspect and the aspect of objective filling of architectural environment. Social aspect develops through research and context analysis. Architectural, aesthetic and culturological requirements were taken into consideration. Psychological features of an individual when perceiving small architectural objects were also taken into consideration. The aspect of objective filling of architectural environment is presented by 3D modeling approach. The objectives of compositional design, engineering and technology were taken into consideration. Synthesis is revealed in a creative act of developing objects of environmental design. It is the environmental design that puts the interiors of streets and public gardens into cultural shapes creating a kind of “design-space”. The method of including the requirements of Russian Federation regulations on the area into the design work has been shown. Modeling resulted in draft design of urban square covering meeting the involved requirements.
MINTyper: an outbreak-detection method for accurate and rapid SNP typing of clonal clusters with noisy long reads
Authors: Hallgren Malte B , Overballe-Petersen Søren , Lund Ole , Hasman Henrik , Clausen Philip T L C
Published: April 2021

For detection of clonal outbreaks in clinical settings, we present a complete pipeline that generates a single-nucleotide polymorphisms-distance matrix from a set of sequencing reads. Importantly, the program is able to handle a separate mix of both short reads from the Illumina sequencing platforms and long reads from Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ (ONT) platforms as input. MINTyper performs automated reference identification, alignment, alignment trimming, optional methylation masking, and pairwise distance calculations. With this approach, we could rapidly and accurately cluster a set of DNA sequenced isolates, with a known epidemiological relationship to confirm the clustering. Functions were built to allow for both high-accuracy methylation-aware base-called MinION reads (hac_m Q10) and fast generated lower-quality reads (fast Q8) to be used, also in combination with Illumina data. With fast Q8 reads a higher number of base pairs were excluded from the calculated distance matrix, compared with the high-accuracy methylation-aware Q10 base-calling of ONT data. Nonetheless, when using different qualities of ONT data with corresponding input parameters, the clustering of isolates were nearly identical.
Sequence-specific inhibition of reverse transcription by recombinant CRISPR/dCas13a ribonucleoprotein complexes in vitro
Authors: Fujita Toshitsugu , Nagata Shoko , Yuno Miyuki , Fujii Hodaka
Published: April 2021

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is widely used for genome editing because of its ability to cleave specific DNA sequences. Recently, RNA-specific CRISPR systems have been reported. CRISPR systems, consisting of a guide RNA (gRNA) and a nuclease-dead form of Cas13a (dCas13a), can be used for RNA editing and visualization of target RNA. In this study, we examined whether a recombinant CRISPR/dCas13a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex could be used to inhibit reverse transcription (RT) in a sequence-specific manner in vitro. Recombinant Leptotrichia wadei dCas13a was expressed using the silkworm-baculovirus expression system and affinity-purified. We found that the CRISPR/dCas13a RNP complex, combined with a chemically synthesized gRNA sequence, could specifically inhibit RT of EGFR and NEAT1, but not nonspecific RNA. Thus, the CRISPR/dCas13a RNP complex can inhibit RT reactions in a sequence-specific manner. RT inhibition by the CRISPR/dCas13a system may be useful to assess target binding activity, to discriminate RNA species retaining target sequences of gRNA, or to suppress RT from undesirable RNA species.
Hoary Squash Bees (Eucera pruinosa: Hymenoptera: Apidae) Provide Abundant and Reliable Pollination Services to Cucurbita Crops in Ontario (Canada)
Authors: Willis Chan D Susan , Raine Nigel E
Published: April 2021

The increasing demand for insect-pollinated crops highlights the need for crop pollination paradigms that include all available pollinators. In North America, Cucurbita crops (pumpkin, squash) depend on both wild (solitary and Bombus spp.: Hymenoptera: Apidae) and managed honey bees (Apis mellifera L. 1758: Hymenoptera: Apidae) for pollination. Temporal and spatial differences in abundance may determine which bee taxa are the most important pollinators of Cucurbita crops. We surveyed bees visiting Cucurbita crop flowers on 19 farms over four years (2015–2018) during the crop flowering period (July 1–August 30 from 06:00–12:00). All the farms surveyed had hoary squash bees (Eucera pruinosa (Say, 1867), and most also had some combination of honey bees, bumble bees (Bombus spp.), or other wild bees present on their Cucurbita crop flowers. All four bee taxa were present on about two-thirds of farms. Spatially and temporally, wild bees were more abundant on Cucurbita crop flowers than managed honey bees. Hoary squash bees were the most abundant wild bees, maintaining their abundance relative to other wild bee taxa year-over-year. Male hoary squash bees were both more frequently and consistently seen visiting crop flowers than females in all years. Peak activity of hoary squash bees and bumble bees coincided with the daily crop pollination window, whereas peak activity of honey bees and other wild bees occurred after that window. In addition to elucidating the ecological interactions among wild and managed pollinators on Cucurbita crops, our work provides a novel practical way to evaluate pollinator abundance using a crop-centered benchmark framework.
Does Democratisation Promote Competition? Evidence from Indonesia*
Authors: Hallward-Driemeier Mary , Kochanova Anna , Rijkers Bob
Published: April 2021

Does democratisation promote economic competition? This paper documents that the disruption of political connections associated with Suharto's fall had a modest pro-competitive effect on Indonesian manufacturing industries. Firms with connections to Suharto lost substantial market share following his resignation. Industries in which Suharto family firms had larger market share during his tenure exhibited weak improvements in broader measures of competition in the post-Suharto era relative to industries in which Suharto firms had not been important players.
Neonatal Death in India: Birth Order in a Context of Maternal Undernutrition
Authors: Coffey Diane , Spears Dean
Published: April 2021

We document a novel fact about neonatal death, or death in the first month of life. Globally, neonatal mortality is disproportionately concentrated in India. We identify a large effect of birth order on neonatal mortality that is unique to India: later-born siblings have a steep survival advantage relative to the birth-order gradient in other developing countries. We show that India’s high prevalence of maternal undernutrition and its correlation with age and childbearing can explain this pattern. We find that Indian mothers exit the underweight body mass range at an internationally comparatively high rate as they progress through childbearing careers.
Factors associated with emergency-related diagnosis, time to treatment and type of treatment in 5713 lung cancer patients
Authors: Nilssen Yngvar , Brustugun Odd T , Møller Bjørn
Published: April 2021

Background

International and national differences exist in survival among lung cancer patients. Possible explanations include varying proportions of emergency presentations (EPs), unwanted differences in waiting time to treatment and unequal access to treatment.

Methods

Case-mix-adjusted multivariable logistic regressions the odds of EP and access to surgery, radiotherapy and systemic anticancer treatment (SACT). Multivariable quantile regression analyzed time from diagnosis to first treatment.

Results

Of 5713 lung cancer patients diagnosed in Norway in 2015–16, 37.9% (n = 2164) had an EP before diagnosis. Higher age, more advanced stage and more comorbidities were associated with increasing odds of having an EP (P < 0.001) and a lower odds of receiving any treatment (P < 0.001). After adjusting for case-mix, waiting times to curative radiotherapy and SACT were 12.1 days longer [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.2, 14.0] and 5.6 days shorter (95% CI: −7.3, −3.9), respectively, compared with waiting time to surgery. Patients with regional disease experienced a 4.7-day shorter (Coeff: −4.7, 95% CI:−9.4, 0.0) waiting time to curative radiotherapy when compared with patients with localized disease. Patients with a high income had a 22% reduced odds [odds ratio (OR) = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.97] of having an EP, and a 63% (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.21) and a 40% (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.76) increased odds of receiving surgery and SACT, respectively.

Conclusion

Patients who were older, had advanced disease or increased comorbidities were more likely to have an EP and less likely to receive treatment. While income did not affect the waiting time for lung cancer treatment in Norway, it did affect the likelihood of receiving surgery and SACT.
Acidic pH enhances butyrate production from pectin by faecal microbiota
Authors: Raba Grete , Adamberg Signe , Adamberg Kaarel
Published: April 2021

Environmental pH and gut transit rate are the key factors determining the dynamics of colonic microbiota. In this study, the effect of changing pH on the composition and metabolism of pooled faecal microbiota was elucidated at physiologically relevant dilution rates Dhigh = 0.2 and Dlow = 0.05 1/h. The results showed the best adaptability of Bacteroides ovatus within the pH range 6.0–8.0 at both dilution rates. The butyrate producing Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus comes were extremely sensitive to pH > 7.5, while the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila increased significantly at pH >7 at Dhigh, causing a pH-dependant shift in the dynamics of mucin degrading species. Increased gas formation was observed at pH < 6.5. Substantially more CO2 was produced at Dlow than at Dhigh (18-29 vs 12–23 mmol per L medium, respectively). Methane was produced only at Dlow and pH > 7, consistent with the simultaneous increased abundance of Methanobrevibacter smithii. Our study confirmed the importance of pH in the development of faecal microbiota in pectin-supplemented medium. Fermentation of other dietary fibres can be studied using the same approach. The significance of pH should be more emphasized in gut research and diagnostics.
Interacting impact of maternal inflammatory response and stress on the amygdala transcriptome of pigs
Authors: Keever-Keigher Marissa R , Zhang Pan , Bolt Courtni R , Rymut Haley E , Antonson Adrienne M , Caputo Megan P , Houser Alexandra K , Hernandez Alvaro G , Southey Bruce R , Rund Laurie A , Johnson Rodney W , Rodriguez-Zas Sandra L
Published: April 2021

Changes at the molecular level capacitate the plasticity displayed by the brain in response to stress stimuli. Weaning stress can trigger molecular changes that influence the physiology of the offspring. Likewise, maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation has been associated with behavior disorders and molecular changes in the amygdala of the offspring. This study advances the understanding of the effects of pre- and postnatal stressors in amygdala gene networks. The amygdala transcriptome was profiled on female and male pigs that were either exposed to viral-elicited MIA or not and were weaned or nursed. Overall, 111 genes presented interacting or independent effects of weaning, MIA, or sex (FDR-adjusted P-value <0.05). PIGY upstream reading frame and orthodenticle homeobox 2 are genes associated with MIA-related neurological disorders, and presented significant under-expression in weaned relative to nursed pigs exposed to MIA, with a moderate pattern observed in non-MIA pigs. Enriched among the genes presenting highly over- or under-expression profiles were 24 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways including inflammation, and neurological disorders. Our results indicate that MIA and sex can modulate the effect of weaning stress on the molecular mechanisms in the developing brain. Our findings can help identify molecular targets to ameliorate the effects of pre- and postnatal stressors on behaviors regulated by the amygdala such as aggression and feeding.
Developmental Transcriptomics Reveals a Gene Network Driving Mimetic Color Variation in a Bumble Bee
Authors: Rahman Sarthok Rasique , Terranova Tatiana , Tian Li , Hines Heather M
Published: April 2021

A major goal of evolutionary genetics and evo-devo is to understand how changes in genotype manifest as changes in phenotype. Bumble bees display remarkable color pattern diversity while converging onto numerous regional Müllerian mimicry patterns, thus enabling exploration of the genetic mechanisms underlying convergent phenotypic evolution. In western North America, multiple bumble bee species converge onto local mimicry patterns through parallel shifts of midabdominal segments from red to black. It was previously demonstrated that a Hox gene, Abd-B, is the key regulator of the phenotypic switch in one of these species, Bombus melanopygus, however, the mechanism by which Abd-B regulates color differentiation remains unclear. Using tissue/stage-specific transcriptomic analysis followed by qRT–PCR validation, this study reveals a suite of genes potentially involved downstream of Abd-B during color pattern differentiation. The data support differential genes expression of not only the first switch gene Abd-B, but also an intermediate developmental gene nubbin, and a whole suite of downstream melanin and redox genes that together reinforce the observed eumelanin (black)-pheomelanin (red) ratios. These include potential genes involved in the production of insect pheomelanins, a pigment until recently not thought to occur in insects and thus lacking known regulatory enzymes. The results enhance understanding of pigmentation gene networks involved in bumble bee color pattern development and diversification, while providing insights into how upstream regulators such as Hox genes interact with downstream morphogenic players to facilitate this adaptive phenotypic radiation.
Seismic anisotropy and implications for lithospheric deformation beneath the Ordos Block and surrounding regions
Authors: Liu Jing , Wu Jianping , Wang Weilai , Cai Yan , Fang Lihua
Published: April 2021

The Ordos Block is located at the intersection of the Tibetan Plateau, the South China Plate and the North China Craton. The deep deformation of its surrounding areas is geologically complicated. Seismic anisotropy provides information about past and present deformation of the upper mantle and helps to better understand deep deformation processes. We obtained the anisotropic pattern at high resolution within and surrounding the Ordos Block by analysing teleseismic data from ∼710 newly deployed temporary seismic stations based on SKS phases from ∼86 earthquakes. The central and eastern Ordos Block with a relatively thick and rigid lithosphere is characterized by a weak anisotropy. In the western part of the Ordos Block, the fast-wave polarization direction is dominantly NW–SE. We believe the lithosphere in the western part of the Ordos Block may have undergone significant deformation caused by expansion and compression of the Tibetan Plateau. Near the Datong Basin, the delay time is 0.92 s and the fast-wave polarization direction is mainly oriented NW–SE, perpendicular to the NE-directed compression of the Tibetan Plateau and parallel to the basin extension direction. We speculate that this anisotropy is related to the long-range effect of NE compression of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau on the low-velocity upper mantle in this area. The weak anisotropy in the central part of the Shanxi Rift indicates that the thickness and mechanical strength of the high-velocity lithosphere are higher than in the southern and northern regions.
Piezomagnetic fields associated with a dislocation source in a layered elastic medium
Authors: Yamazaki Ken'ichi
Published: April 2021

The piezomagnetic effect is defined as a change in magnetization with applied stress. Changes in the geomagnetic field caused by the piezomagnetic effect, referred to as the piezomagnetic field, have been theoretically estimated and compared by previous studies to interpret observed variations in the geomagnetic field. However, the piezomagnetic field estimated in previous studies may not provide an accurate estimation because they ignored spatial variations in elasticity, leading to only a rough approximation of the properties of Earth's crust. In this paper, a semi-analytical procedure for calculating the piezomagnetic field arising from a point dislocation source embedded in a layered elastic medium is derived. Following a well-established method of the vector surface harmonic expansion, all of the governing equations written in partial differential equations in a real domain, together with the linear constitutive law of the piezomagnetic effect, are converted to a set of ordinary differential equations in a wavenumber domain. Equations in the wavenumber domain are solved analytically, and each component of the piezomagnetic field in the real domain is obtained after applying the Hankel transform. By using the derived procedure, the piezomagnetic and displacement fields due to a finite fault with strike-slip, dip-slip, and tensile-opening mechanisms are estimated for media with layered elasticity structures. Results for a finite fault are obtained by integrating the point source solution over the fault plane. The results of the numerical analysis allow the effect of heterogeneities in rigidity on the piezomagnetic effect to be examined and implications for the findings of previous investigations to be drawn. In cases where the moment-release at the dislocation source is fixed, the effect of the rigidity differences between upper and lower layers on the piezomagnetic field is minor even in the case where the Curie point depth is near the source of dislocation. This result is in contrast to a previous study that assumed the Mogi model and suggested that heterogeneities in the horizontal direction may be of importance when combined with layered rigidity structures. A contrast is seen between the piezomagnetic and displacement fields corresponding to models with layered rigidity structures: the piezomagnetic field is roughly proportional to the moment-release on a source fault, whereas the displacement field is proportional to slip or opening of the fault. Provided that the rigidity of the crust increases with increasing depth, the calculated piezomagnetic field is likely to have been underestimated in many earlier studies, which assumed uniform rigidity and a geodetically inverted size of slip.