bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociability of patrol police officers as a key professionally important competence: an empirical study
Authors: Yevdokimova О. О. , Ponomarenko Y. S.
Published: January 2022

The psychological analysis of the concept of "sociability" in the field of legal psychology is revealed, which is defined by researchers as a conscious act in communication, aimed at establishing friendly and trusting relationships. The purpose of the article is an empirical study of the psychological structure of the sociability of patrol police officers with different levels of communicative control. The study involved M. Snyder's "Diagnostic Methodology for Assessing Self-Control in Communication", with the help of which we divided the subjects into two groups: with low and high levels of communicative control. The first group consisted of subjects with a low level of communicative control in the number of 14 people, the second group included students with a high level of communicative control in the number of 25 people. 7 respondents with an average level were excluded from further research. O. Krupnov's "Test of judgments of the personality sociability studying" was used to diagnose the main components of sociability. For mathematical and statistical processing, cluster analysis using the k – means method was used. Quantitative processing of the results was carried out using Student's t-test.

The obtained facts show that the police officers of the first group have some difficulties in the implementation of friendly behavior, and the police officers of the second group have the sociability formed as a major component of their professional activities. That is, police officers with a low level of communicative control have a better ability to have a casual and easy conversation. The first group needs a boost to be sociable, as they will prefer solitude rather than a forced conversation with a friend. Police officers with a high level of communicative control enjoy the communication process, often take the initiative, know how to build relationships and control themselves well in difficult and problematic communication conditions. The manifestation of sociability in this group of police officers is due to the need to meet the requirements of the profession and be as effective as possible in society.
Legal bases for counteracting financial terrorism
Authors: Kyrieieva I. V. , Denysov А. І.
Published: January 2022

The legal regulation of the basics for counteracting financial terrorism in connection with financial security has been studied. It has been established that financial terrorism can be considered as a multifaceted phenomenon, and therefore it is extremely dangerous for national economic interests. Financial terrorism is primarily a threat to the economic interests of the state, and therefore threatens national security in general. The fight against financial terrorism is directly linked to financial security. It has been established that financial security is an integral element of economic security, which, in turn, is a part of the national security of the state. The views of scientists on the content and essence of financial security have been studied, on the basis of which a conclusion has been made about the characteristics of financial security as a state of prevention of financial terrorism. It has been concluded that financial security has the following features: future orientation, dynamism, focus on sustainable growth, priority of national economic interests, economic independence of the state, its independence from the influence of external capital, which is especially relevant in external aggression. The content of the main normative legal acts, which determine the basic principles of counteraction to financial terrorism in the context of the principles of legal regulation of tax, foreign economic and other economic activity as a means of financial security, has been analyzed. It has been concluded that the fight against financial terrorism is a system of legal, organizational, financial, economic and methodological measures aimed at ensuring the protection of the financial interests of the state as the financial basis of its activities, prevention of real and projected threats. The classification of legal bases for counteracting financial terrorism on specificity of a direction has been offered; the general economic bases and financial and legal bases which are those guiding principles which are revealed in regulation of financial and legal relations, and also financial and security bases have been allocated. It has been noted that the implementation of reforms on Ukraine's European integration becomes possible only under the conditions of legal consolidation, detailing and observance of the legal bases of counteraction to financial terrorism in those normative and legal acts, which regulate the issues of financial security.
Socio-legal aspects of formation of the system of prevention of offenses among minors
Authors: Pinchuk Y. K.
Published: January 2022

The state of juvenile delinquency in the state is an indicator of the development of civil society, its culture and morality. The formation of the state system of crime prevention is one of the directions of the state youth policy. In this regard, there is a need to analyze the current socio-legal aspects of the formation of a system of prevention of juvenile delinquency. The purpose of the article is an in-depth analysis of the features of the modern system of juvenile delinquency prevention, identification of the features of the activities of crime prevention entities, as well as providing recommendations for its improvement. The following methods are used in the article: dialectical method of research of legal phenomena, by means of which the peculiarities of formation of the system of crime prevention among minors are established; formal-legal method – for consideration of normative-legal acts regulating activity of subjects of preventive activity, as well as to identify gaps and shortcomings in the legal framework of the relevant activities; historical and legal – to assess the processes of formation and development of the system of prevention of juvenile delinquency. The current state of juvenile crime prevention is considered. It is noted that preventive activities are a set of socio-legal, pedagogical and cultural measures aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes that contribute to delinquency and anti-social actions of minors. It is determined that the existing system of juvenile delinquency prevention is ineffective, it has no integrity, preventive activities are not comprehensive. Emphasis is placed on the need for cooperation between all subjects of preventive activities, the direction of the system of juvenile delinquency, primarily to eliminate the causes of crime, prevention of offenses. The need to create an autonomous subsystem of juvenile courts was emphasized.
Educación liberadora de Freire, retos en las modalidades presencial y virtual
Authors: Rojas-Livia Jacquelinee
Published: January 2022

La crisis social que vivimos durante la pandemia por COVID-19 es el resultado de la fragilidad de nuestro modelo de gobierno para salvaguardar la dignidad y la vida, y superar con bienestar y justicia un desastre socio-natural de gran magnitud. Situación que reafirma la complejidad de nuestras realidades y la reciprocidad entre nuestros procesos sociales. La educación es uno de estos procesos sociales que concebimos, siguiendo a Freire, como una práctica de libertad que requiere de un espacio de diálogo donde se produzca el intercambio y la construcción de conocimientos y saberes. Ante esta situación, la educación en modalidad virtual ha generado nuevas experiencias y expectativas educativas. El presente artículo presenta una reflexión acerca de las implicaciones de la modalidad virtual y presencial en una práctica educativa liberadora, repasando los componentes fundamentales de la práctica educativa, propuesta por Freire. En conclusión, consideramos que la modalidad virtual sirve como una herramienta educativa complementaria pero no sustituye la modalidad presencial, donde la presencia de los educadores y educandos estimula múltiples formas de pensar, sentir, hacer y aprender, sin que estas sean sometidas, forzadas o limitadas por recursos muchas veces fuera de nuestro alcance.
Uso de las ciencias del comportamiento en políticas públicas: perspectivas desde la pandemia
Authors: Abrevaya Sofia , Putrino Natalia Inés , Tomio Ailin , Bibbo Diana , Yoris Adrián Ezequiel , Ramenzoni Verónica Claudia
Published: January 2022

Existe un creciente interés en aplicar los hallazgos de las ciencias del comportamiento a los desafíos de formulación de políticas públicas debido a su bajo costo y alto impacto en el corto plazo. Experiencias previas han mostrado los beneficios de utilizar las ciencias del comportamiento en políticas de salud tales como lograr adherencia a tratamientos crónicos. En el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19, se ha reforzado la importancia de estas medidas para contener la expansión de la enfermedad y promover la vacunación de la población. El objetivo de este trabajo es repasar la evidencia de las ciencias del comportamiento en el control de la pandemia.  Asimismo, se realiza una breve discusión sobre cómo aplicarlo a futuro de forma sistemática en las políticas públicas, realizando un recorrido por experiencias realizadas en otros países, haciendo foco en la promoción del proceso vacunatorio.
Muslim Parents' Ways in Providing Sex Education and Guidance for Teenagers
Authors: Safitri Desya , Hulaiyah Siti
Published: January 2022

This article aims to provide a pattern of understanding to Muslim Parents that sex education guidance is very necessary for teenagers. By providing understanding and guidance on sex education in the context of Islam, it is hoped that adolescents can grow into young people who believe and fear Allah SWT, and can maintain their own chastity. The type of research used is the descriptive qualitative method, the data comes from a questionnaire survey of Muslim Parents with 46 respondents. The results of this study indicate that there are still many parents who feel foreign and taboo about adolescent sex education. Parents consider sex education to be done as adults and told by teachers at school.
Reviewing The Role of Media on Employee’s Attitude During The COVID-19 Pandemic In Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Ishaq , Ali Kalsom
Published: January 2022

This research paper aims to go through the previous publications, media, newspapers, and government’s reports relevant to the impact of media on the attitudes and decisions of the human resource in Malaysia. While there is up to 150,000 Malaysians lost their jobs, the researcher reviews 20 papers and attempts to investigate the contribution of media to afford and guide the jobless to vacancies and assist those who are having jobs to better opportunities. Ideas of freelancers and further windows of investment and self-business could also be promoted via media. The research concluded that media impacts the employees’ attitude and job flexibility, which could improve the employee’s performance, productivity, and efficiency.
Social Media Approach to Crisis Communication during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis from Malaysian Perspective
Authors: Hussin Rosninawati , Rahman Suria Hani , Azudin Norizzati
Published: January 2022

Social media is becoming the best platform for any communication during the new norm era. Nowadays, the government uses this platform in delivering messages to citizens during a crisis or disaster. Governments who are involved with a crisis such as an outbreak of the virus pandemic must have a plan to face the issue, especially a way to communicate with their people who may get a panic attack. Aims and Objectives: Thus, this study will prove about social media usage by the government in message deliveries during the COVID-19 pandemic is the best method in handling crisis communication. For this research, researchers will focus on how the Malaysian government used social media in delivering information highlighting the importance and creating awareness among the public. Methodology: Three months of content analysis data from social media platforms such as Twitter will be collected for this qualitative research. Results and Findings: The research findings show that governments used Twitter not only to deliver information but also to highlight the importance and create awareness among the public.
The Analysis of Misleading Information on Covid-19 Posted on Facebook
Authors: Yusoff Sofia Hayati , Isa Fatin Nur Aqilah , Hassan Fauziah
Published: January 2022

The elegance of technology has various impacts on the life cycle of today's society. From a positive point of view, every activity can be done via various existing media including new media. However, the use of modern technology without control will also cause problems in society. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the spread of fake news has increased since day 1. To combat this negative and ill situation, the official page Sebenarnya.my has been created on Facebook to help society identify fake news. The page would repost all the fake news pertaining to the Covid-19 pandemic, or anything related and identify the number of shares made by Facebook users on that fake news. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the number of shares by Facebook users as identified and posted on Sebenarnya.my Facebook page and to investigate the dominant themes of the fake news spread. Content analysis was conducted to answer the objectives of the study. A total of 50 fake news postings on March, April, and May 2020 on the Sebenarnya.my Facebook page were selected. The findings showed various amounts of fake news posting within three months. Similarly, the percentage data for sharing by Facebook users recorded different amounts. Finally, few themes were identified to be the most dominant ones of fake news related to the COVID-19 issue that were posted by netizens.
Risk and Protecting Factors of Cyberbullying in Malaysia: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Yusop Noorrezam , Al-Shami Samer Ali
Published: January 2022

Technology communication allowed the increased number of users over the internet. Each user is able to communicate with each other’s via mobile phone, notebook and any platform as long as connected with the internet. Therefore, they do not have to use a physical interaction while communicating. However, the development of applications such as Facebook, Telegram, WhatsApp etc. resulted in positive and negative effects for victims, Perpetrators, Parents and Stakeholders. This leaves a gap that needs to be addressed since there is a limited model that explains how to prevent cyberbullying. This study aims to identify the risk factor and protecting factor used in cyberbullying. Methodology: This study was conducted using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR).  Thus, this study provides a gap of study for existing work of cyberbullying for risk factors that contribute to cyberbullying and analyse the protection factor of cyberbullying. Based on this study, we found that communication skills, parental involvement and law enforcement are a necessity to reduce the number of cyberbullying in Malaysia.
A Stranger in the House
Authors: Wasmuth Melanie
Published: January 2022

The paper exemplifies how the modern semantic field of ‘alterity’ can be turned into a fruitful research approach for ancient Near Eastern Studies and where ‘deviance’ would be situated in such an approach. I ask how modern terms and concepts that intentionally or unconsciously enter our modern interpretation of ancient sources can be instrumentalised for countering historiographical ‘othering.’ The key idea is to turn the modern terms and underlying concepts and connotations into a research tool that facilitates a systematic search for additional direct or circumstantial evidence on the chosen topic, in this case that of ‘a stranger in the house.’ The paper has the format of a double note. The first part highlights some general methodological questions and sketches out the research tool via sets of characteristic key questions. The second part provides an application example for illustrating how the different questions change the scope of interpretation of ancient sources. The sample case study is a characteristically underdetermined private legal document from 7th c. Assur concerning a group of Egyptian merchants who are attacked in the house of their host.
Advertising policy
Authors: Balogh Lajos P.
Published: January 2022

Last updated: 01/27/2022.
Manifestation of People’s Participation in The Existing Local Government Acts in Bangladesh
Authors: Muhammad Ahsan Abu Hossain , Jahan Dewan Nusrat
Published: January 2022

Whether it is agenda setting, policy formulation or implementation, people’s participation at all levels of policy process, decision-making and service delivery has become the prime prerequisite in the prevailing development paradigm. Although in practice there remains huge argument regarding people’s effective involvement in the development process due to unwillingness of the supply side and inefficiency, political ignorance of the demand end, it is an undeniable fact that the government of Bangladesh in the recent past has enacted laws for all levels of local government bodies with especial focus given on the people’s participation in different phases of development process. This study aims at reconnaissance of the degree of rights and opportunity given to the general people to participate in the development process presented in the existing Local Government Acts, both in rural and urban local government tiers. The study mainly focuses on the secondary sources, exclusively on the existing Local Government Acts and ordinances. The study finds that all acts have significantly included the opportunities for local people to participate in the decision-making process. It is interesting to say that the lower the tier of local government, the higher opportunity to participate in decision making process.
Social Science Review, Vol. 38(1), June 2021 Page 1-16
Equal Access to Primary Education In Environmentally Challenged Area Of Bangladesh: A Study Into the Tanguar Haor Of Sunamganj District
Authors: Mia Maruf
Published: January 2022

The Tanguar Haor is overwhelmed with huge problems such as flash floods, poverty, extreme dependency on natural resources, lack of alternative sources of income, inadequate health facilities and sanitary latrines, scarcity of potable water, poor road connectivity, the insufficient and flimsy infrastructure of educational institutions. The main objective of this research is to find out the core causes of these problems and to examine how these problems make hindrances to ensure equal access to primary education in Tanguar Haor. Simultaneously, this study has analysed the existing scenario of primary education in this area. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches have been incorporated in this fieldwork-based study. The survey, FGD, and KII methods have been applied in this research to collect primary data from sixty (60) respondents of purposively selected villages and primary schools. The researcher has identified major drawbacks such as poverty, dropout, high repetition, absenteeism in school, shortage of enough teachers that create serious obstacles towards ensuring equal access to primary education in the Tanguar Haor of Sunamganj District. Finally, this study concludes that climate change-induced threats and environmental vulnerabilities are mainly responsible for producing these snags. 
Social Science Review, Vol. 38(1), June 2021 Page 175-202
CONSUMPTIVE LIFESTYLE BEHAVIOUR OF ADOLESCENT IN INDONESIA IN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
Authors: Mansir Firman , Putri Amalia Undip
Published: January 2022

This research explains that adolescents are a social commodity with consumptive behaviour that has affected all circles of society. The problem is that adolescents tend to always to want have and buy expensive items. This research aimed to determine the consumptive lifestyle behaviour of adolescents in the industry 4.0 in use the development of technology and information. The method used was in the form of qualitative research. With the type of literature study with the researcher as the main instrument, it was strengthened by the instrument of documentation about literature regarding consumptive adolescents. The results showed that the consumptive behaviour of adolescents in the industry 4.0 can be seen that they buy goods that is not to fulfill their needs but to fulfill their desires. Thus, what they are excessive and it leads to extravagant, and excessive nature. Keywords :  Industrial Revolution 4.0, Lifestyle ,Youth Behaviour
EKSISTENSI GUA MARIA KEREP AMBARAWA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT KEREP
Authors: Dewid Dionisius , Wuryani Emy , Sunardi Sunardi
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perubahan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat Dusun Kerep dengan adanya Gua Maria Kerep Ambarawa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah sosiologis dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan studi kepustakaan. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pengelola Gua Maria Kerep Ambarawa, warga Kerep, pedagang sekitar GMKA. Penataan Gua Maria Kerep Ambarawa, berdampak baik pada masyarakat di sekitarnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Gua Maria Kerep Ambarawa banyak membawa perubahan secara sosial maupun ekonomi. Secara sosial antara lain: interaksi antar warga dan warga dengan pendatang atau pengunjung lebih terbuka, sikap toleransi antar pemeluk agama sangat baik, sikap gotong royong dan kekerabatan sesama warga semakin terpelihara, sikap komunikasi sosial warga terjaga dengan baik. Secara ekonomi perubahan yang terjadi antara lain: tersedianya lapangan pekerjaan bagi warga setempat, pendapatan warga meningkat, pendidikan menjadi baik, kebutuhan warga dapat terpenuhi, kondisi tempat tinggal warga semakin baik.Kata Kunci : Perubahan Sosial-Ekonomi, Masyarakat Dusun Kerep, GMKA
UPAYA KOMUNITAS MEDANG KENANGA DALAM KONSERVASI MANGROVE DI DESA KUALA SEMPANG KECAMATAN SERI KUALA LOBAM KABUPATEN BINTAN
Authors: Syafitri Rahma , Syahputra Irwandi
Published: January 2022

Kerusakan Mangrove di Desa Kuala Sempang Kabupaten Bintan, terjadi karena ditebangnya banyak pohon mangrove untuk kebutuhan produksi dapur arang. Sejak ditutupnya dapur arang, masyarakat kembali menjadi nelayan dan merasakan dampak dari kerusakan mangrove dengan semakin sulitnya mencari biota laut sehingga penghasilan semakin berkurang. Setelah merasakan dampak langsung dari perubahan kondisi mangrove di pesisir desa mereka, akhirnya ada kelompok masyarakat bernama Medang Kenanga membuat kegiatan agar masyarakat lebih sadar untuk mengkonservasi mangrove. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui upaya Komunitas Medang Kenanga dalam konservasi mangrove di Desa Kuala Sempang Bintan. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, serta studi dokumentasi. Hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah upaya konservasi mangrove yang dilakukan oleh Komunitas Medang Kenanga dilakukan melalui sosialisasi dan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang mangrove, membangun kerjasama dengan pihak luar yang memahami konservasi mangrove, melakukan penanaman kembali, dan menjaga mangrove tumbuh. Kata Kunci: komunitas, konservasi, mangrove, perilaku masyarakat
Ensino por investigação e Ciências Forenses: possibilidades para a alfabetização científica
Authors: Silva Adjane da Costa Tourinho e , Ferreira Fernanda Carla Lima , Santos Fernanda dos , Silva Aline Cunha da , Fernandes Cindy Stella
Published: January 2022

O ensino de ciências na perspectiva da alfabetização científica busca, além de proporcionar aos alunos a aprendizagem de conhecimentos científicos, a compreensão acerca dos modos de produção e legitimação de tais conhecimentos, bem como de suas relações com a sociedade e o meio ambiente, tendo em vista suas tecnologias. O engajamento dos alunos em atividades investigativas tem sido considerado como um meio fundamental para favorecer esta alfabetização. Neste artigo, a partir de um estudo bibliográfico, apresentamos uma discussão acerca do potencial da inserção de conteúdos das ciências forenses como temas para as atividades investigativas na Educação Básica. Tendo em vista que as ciências forenses já abrigam em si um caráter investigativo, consideramos também as possibilidades que abrem para que os alunos se envolvam com práticas de uma ciência aplicada, apropriando-se de conhecimentos científicos, além de perceberem estes em meio a situações que se apresentam em seu cotidiano, aliando aspectos sociais e ambientais. Somado a isso, evidencia-se a motivação dos alunos para se engajarem nas atividades e a oportunidade de conhecerem mais sobre o trabalho de peritos e desta área do conhecimento tão importante na sociedade contemporânea.
Prevalência de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho de extrativismo mineral
Authors: Luz Danielle Cruz da , Durans Keyla Cristina Nogueira , Araújo Adriano Constância de , Figueiredo Rosely Lopes , Barbosa Maria do Carmo Lacerda , Garcia Maria Raimunda Santos
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de sintomas de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos em trabalhadores do extrativismo mineral. Método: Estudo de natureza quantitativa, descritiva e transversal que foi realizado no povoado de Pirinã, Município de Pinheiro, no estado do Maranhão. O universo da pesquisa compreendeu os trabalhadores do extrativismo de pedra. A amostra foi de conveniência por inclusão de indivíduos que apresentavam sintomatologia dolorosa em alguma região anatômica do corpo. A coleta dos dados foi feita mediante o uso de dois instrumentos, o Questionário Individual (QI) e o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Musculoesquelético (QNSM). Resultados: A maioria apresentou dor na coluna lombar, coluna dorsal, mãos/punhos, e ombros, necessitando de afastamento do trabalho. Em relação ao cansaço físico durante a jornada de trabalho, 80% referiram cansaço ao final da jornada de trabalho observou-se também que 23 trabalhadores possuíam mais de 10 anos de trabalho e laboravam de 3-4 horas por dia durante a semana. Considerações finais: Os resultados chamam a atenção quanto a recorrência da dor entre os trabalhadores rurais, dores estas que podem interferir em sua qualidade vida, causar sequelas irreversíveis e/ou crônicas e diminuir sua produtividade. A análise ergonômica neste contexto pode atuar prevenindo a incidência de acidentes e evitando incapacitações.
Az endoszkópos leletezés standard nyelve : A nemzetközileg érvényes klasszifikációk gyűjteménye
Authors: Dubravcsik Zsolt , Gyökeres Tibor , Hritz István , Madácsy László , Márkus Márk Philip , Szepes Zoltán , Vincze Áron , Czakó László
Published: January 2022

A gasztrointesztinális betegségek adekvát diagnózisához és kezeléséhez nélkülözhetetlen a közös nyelv és a standardizált leletek használata. A Magyar Gasztroenterológiai Társaság Endoszkópos Szekciójának vezetősége összegyűjtötte azokat a kulcsszavakat és klasszifikációkat, amelyek használata szükséges a mindennapi endoszkópos leletkészítésben.
Tendencia de la mortalidad perinatal y neonatal tardía: 2008- 2015, Colombia
Authors: Rozo Gutiérrez Nathaly
Published: January 2022

Introducción: La mortalidad perinatal y neonatal son indicadores que representan los niveles de equidad de un país, siendo el resultado de la atención durante la maternidad y de múltiples factores sociales, culturales y económicos. El objetivo fue establecer el comportamiento de la mortalidad perinatal y neonatal entre 2008 y 2015, así como la descripción de las características sociales, demográficas, clínicas y epidemiológicas, antecedentes de riesgo y las complicaciones actuales de la gestación bajo las categorías mujer, familia, comunidad y servicios de salud.
Metodología: investigación descriptiva. La fuente de información se obtiene a través de fuente secundaria, por medio de la notificación individual semanal de casos al SIVIGILA del evento mortalidad perinatal y neonatal tardía entre 2008 y 2015.
Resultados principales: La mortalidad perinatal y neonatal (temprana y tardía) tienen una tendencia al incremento, para el 2008 se reportó una tasa nacional de 11 casos por 1 000 nacidos vivos, mientras que para el 2015 se alcanzó una tasa de 13,7 casos por 1 000 nacidos vivos.
Conclusiones: La mortalidad perinatal y neonatal tardía entre 2008 y 2015 reporta un incremento de 17,4%; lo que se traduce en la mejora del proceso de notificación al evento al sistema de vigilancia en salud pública de Colombia. En el 2008 se reportó una tasa nacional de 11 casos por 1 000 nacidos vivos, mientras que para el 2015 se alcanzó una tasa de 13,7 casos por 1 000 nacidos vivos.
Áreas de riesgo por exposición a flúor, Colombia 2012 – 2015
Authors: Misnaza Castrillón Sandra Patricia , Tovar Valencia Sandra
Published: January 2022

Introducción: la ingesta de flúor puede tener efectos benéficos como la reducción de la incidencia de caries dental, o negativos, causando fluorosis dental o esquelética.
La ingesta excesiva de flúor usualmente ocurre a través del consumo de fuentes naturales (aguas) o artificiales (adicionado a la sal o a las cremas dentales). Objetivo: describir los contenidos de flúor en agua y sal y sus ubicaciones geográficas en Colombia durante el periodo 2012-2015.
Métodos: análisis descriptivo retrospectivo de los resultados de la vigilancia de flúor en agua y sal entre 2012 y 2015 con fuente secundaria de información (laboratorios departamentales y distritales de salud pública y SIVICAP). Los valores máximos permisibles para agua fueron 0,5-1ppm y para sal 180 - 220ppm. La información fue analizada mediante distribución de frecuencias y se presentaron los resultados en tablas, gráficas y mapas.
Resultados: fueron analizadas 9 245 muestras de agua en 24 entidades territoriales y 1 439 muestras de sal en 20 entidades territoriales. Caldas, Casanare, Cesar Guainía, Nariño y Santander presentaron muestras con valores de flúor superior a los permisibles en agua. Amazonas, Antioquia, Atlántico, Bogotá, Bolivar, Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander, Quindío y Santa Marta en sal. Boyacá, Caldas, Huila, Tolima y Valle del Cauca en agua y sal.
Conclusión: existen 27,8% entidades territoriales que presentan valores de flúor superiores a los permitidos en agua y 38,9% en sal, estas fuentes podrían representar un riesgo para la infoxicación crónica por flúor y deben ser intervenidas para minimizar los riesgos en la población que las consume.
Evaluación de la gestión del riesgo en salud pública ante casos simulados de cólera, Distrito de Cartagena, Colombia, 2017
Authors: Castro Luz Stella , Rojas Bárcenas Angélica María , Plata Casas Laura , González Hormiga Marysol , Arias Yazmin , Rodríguez Lilian , Arteta Zuleima , Torres German , Garzón Flavio , Saenz Shirley , Muñoz Marcela , Alarcón Angela , Fuertes Luis Fernando , Osorio Luz Karime
Published: January 2022

Introducción: Las instituciones que responden a emergencias en salud pública requieren respuestas coordinadas para mitigar y controlar los efectos a partir de la evaluación del riesgo. Con el fin de medir el cumplimiento en cada uno de los procesos a nivel local y nacional, se realizó una evaluación del sistema, en el escenario de un simulacro de casos de cólera.
Metodología: Se realizó una evaluación de procesos con metodología mixta mediante la observación y análisis de las actividades definidas en la gestión del riesgo en salud pública ante eventos, brotes y epidemias. La información se recolectó a partir de estrategias de observación con listas de verificación, entrevistas semi-estructuradas notas de campo y la metodología de lecciones aprendidas (reflexión después de la acción). Se realizó análisis descriptivo de los datos obtenidos de las listas de verificación y se identificaron textos significantes que se agruparon en categorías de análisis.
Resultados: En el componente cuantitativo se observó un cumplimiento general > 80%. Por escenario se observó un mayor cumplimiento en las actividades desarrolladas en la Institución Prestadora de Servicios de salud (IPS), en el Laboratorio de Salud Pública Departamental (LSPD) y el Sistema de Gestión del Riesgo del Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), el menor cumplimiento se observó en el proceso de comunicación del riesgo. En el componente cualitativo, se identificaron fortalezas y debilidades en categorías previamente definidas (participación, coordinación, desempeño, comunicación y recursos). Todos los hallazgos constituyen puntos claves de mejora.
Conclusiones: Esta evaluación permitió conocer el cumplimiento en cada proceso de la gestión del riesgo en salud pública a niveles nacional y local, identificando oportunidades de mejora en los procesos.
Indicadores de Morbilidad Materna Extrema, Colombia 2015-2017
Authors: Narvaez Díaz Nubia Stella
Published: January 2022

Introducción: la Organización Mundial de la Salud define la morbilidad materna extrema como un estado en el cual una mujer casi muere, pero sobrevivió a una complicación ocurrida durante el embarazo, el parto o dentro de los 42 días de la terminación del embarazo. En Colombia se inició la vigilancia del evento en 2012. El objetivo es describir las características de los casos morbilidad materna extrema en Colombia reportados al sistema de vigilancia entre 2015 y 2017 y estimar los indicadores de vigilancia del evento durante el mismo periodo.
Metodología: se realizó un análisis descriptivo retrospectivo a partir de los datos de la notificación rutinaria de morbilidad materna extrema al Sivigila a nivel nacional durante 2015-2017. El análisis fue realizado por grupos de morbilidades con sus características sociodemográficas. Los indicadores utilizados fueron razón de morbilidad materna por 1.000 nacidos vivos, letalidad, índice de mortalidad perinatal en MME, razón MME/mortalidad materna y proporción de casos con 3 o más criterios.
Resultados: en 2015 fueron reportados 15 109 ca- sos; en 2016, 20 600 y en 2017, 23 175 casos. Según causas agrupadas, los trastornos hipertensivos son los más frecuentes, seguidos de las complicaciones hemorrágicas y otras causas. La razón de morbilidad materna extrema estuvo entre 22,9 y 35,8 casos por 1 000 nacidos vivos. En 2017 se presentaron 1,4 muertes maternas tempranas por cada 100 casos de MME el último año y el índice de mortalidad perinatal en MME fue del 5,8%. Los datos fueron estratificados y comparados entre entidades territoriales.
Discusión: La Razón de MME en Colombia se ubicó entre 22,9 y 35,8 casos por 1000 nacidos vivos en en el periodo estudiado, un indicador similar y con resultado cercano a lo encontrado en Colombia fue calculado para América Latina encontrándose 34 casos de MME por 1000 partos. El índice de letalidad para Colombia durante el periodo 2015 -2017 presentó un descenso iniciando en 2,2% en 2015 y terminando en 1,4% en el 2017, lo cual indica mejora en la salud ma- terna en el país. Este indicador, a nivel institucional se evaluó en México en el 2010 donde se encontró un índice de mortalidad de 0,009%, mientras que en el mismo año en un hospital de Colombia este indicador se ubicó en el 4%. En general las causas de MME son un reflejo de las causas de muerte materna ocurridas en el país, de ahí la importancia de las acciones gene- radas a partir de la vigilancia del evento
Análisis epidemiológico de cáncer en menores de 18 años por tipo de ruralidad en Colombia, 2017
Authors: Rojas Díaz Marcela Pilar
Published: January 2022

Introducción: El cáncer designa un grupo de enfermedades caracterizadas por la división descontrolada de células anormales. Colombia realiza la vigilancia epidemiológica en menores de 18 años, clasificando los canceres en 14 grupos de acuerdo con la Clasificación Internacional de Cáncer Infantil —ICCC-3. El análisis identifica diferencias epidemiológicas según la clasificación por ruralidad de los municipios, permitiendo formular acciones para la orientación de aspectos programáticos del evento.
Métodos: Para el año 2017 se notificaron 1.785 ca- sos. Se consideraron 1.492 casos clasificados como confirmados y nuevos para el estudio. Se calcularon de frecuencias, medidas de tendencia central y pro- porciones de incidencia de acuerdo con la clasificación por ruralidad de los municipios (ciudad-aglomerado, intermedio, rurales y dispersos). Los denominadores para incidencia se calcularon a partir de las proyecciones del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (DANE) 2017 por municipio.
Resultados: Los casos residen en 363 municipios del país, 126 (34,7 %) se clasifican como dispersos; es- tos presentan la incidencia más alta con 17,1/ 100.000 menores de 18 años, siendo en hombres de 18,4, y en mujeres de 15,7. El mayor número de casos se presentó entre los dos y tres años de edad. Las leucemias linfoides agudas (LLA) representan el mayor porcentaje en todos los tipos de municipios con el 30,4- 40,5 % de los canceres. El tiempo promedio entre la fecha de inicio de síntomas y la fecha de consulta fue mayor en municipios dispersos con 111 días.
Conclusión: Se observaron incidencias más altas en municipios dispersos con tiempos de atención prolongados, lo cual exige la re-orientación de las estrategias de salud pública, diagnóstico oportuno en estas zonas y promoción de acciones de prevención a la exposición de cancerígenos.
Sedation With Xylazine Hydrochloride Decreases the Stress Response in Merino Meat Sheep During Routine Hoof Trimming in a Tilt Table
Authors: Amin Safaa , Wagner Romy , Fieseler Helena , Rizk Awad , Schmicke Marion , Spilke Joachim , Mielenz Norbert , Baumgartner Walter , Schären-Bannert Melanie , Starke Alexander
Published: January 2022

We hypothesized that the hoof trimming in sheep in dorsal recumbency implicates a short but intensive stress situation and that the sedation with xylazine causes a decrease in the stress response in this situation. Ten healthy female merino meat sheep were randomly divided into two groups receiving either xylazine hydrochloride (0.1 mg/kg body mass (BM) applied intramuscularly) or a placebo treatment with 0.9% NaCl. Routine hoof trimming was performed in a tilt table and vital signs (rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR)), 33 different behavioral traits and blood cortisol concentrations were recorded throughout the experiment at six different time points (total of 55 min). The procedure itself elicited a clear stress response (increase in the RR, RT, defensive movements, lip twitching, swallowing, and flight behavior). Parallelly, the blood cortisol concentrations were increased, reaching their maximum with 81.5 ng/ml in the control group when the sheep were tilted back into a standing position. In the sedated sheep, no increase in the RR and RT and a decrease in the HR were observed. In addition, the behavioral signs showed a decrease in flight, defensive, and general stress behavior (decrease in licking, movement of head and legs, and sitting on knees), complemented by the serum cortisol concentrations showing 2.28 times reduced concentration at the end of the procedure, compared to the control sheep. The results confirm our hypothesis and support the conduction of future trials investigating the feasibility and benefit of a sedation of sheep prior to routine hoof trimming under practical circumstances.
Identification of Master Regulators Driving Disease Progression, Relapse, and Drug Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Qiong , Cha Qiongfang , Qin Hui , Liu Bin , Wu Xueling , Shi Jiantao
Published: January 2022

Backgrounds: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Current treatment strategies primarily involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, determined by TNM stages, histologic types, and genetic profiles. Plenty of studies have been trying to identify robust prognostic gene expression signatures. Even for high performance signatures, they usually have few shared genes. This is not totally unexpected, since a prognostic signature is associated with patient survival and may contain no upstream regulators. Identification of master regulators driving disease progression is a vital step to understand underlying molecular mechanisms and develop new treatments.

Methods: In this study, we have utilized a robust workflow to identify potential master regulators that drive poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. This workflow takes gene expression signatures that are associated with poor survival of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR-TKI resistance, and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors, respectively, and identifies recurrent master regulators from seven public gene expression datasets by a regulatory network-based approach.

Results: We have found that majority of the master regulators driving poor prognosis in early stage LUAD are cell-cycle related according to Gene Ontology annotation. However, they were demonstrated experimentally to promote a spectrum of processes such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Master regulators predicted from EGFR-TKI resistance signature and the EMT pathway signature are largely shared, which suggests that EMT pathway functions as a hub and interact with other pathways such as hypoxia, angiogenesis, TNF-α signaling, inflammation, TNF-β signaling, Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways. Master regulators that repress immunotherapy are enriched with MYC targets, E2F targets, oxidative phosphorylation, and mTOR signaling.

Conclusion: Our study uncovered possible mechanisms underlying recurrence, resistance to targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The predicted master regulators may serve as potential therapeutic targets in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Thermal Analysis of Blood Flow Alterations in Human Hand and Foot Based on Vascular-Porous Media Model
Authors: Wang Yue-Ping , Cheng Rui-Hao , He Ying , Mu Li-Zhong
Published: January 2022

Microvascular and Macrovascular diseases are serious complications of diabetic mellitus, which significantly affect the life quality of diabetic patients. Quantitative description of the relationship between temperature and blood flow is considerably important for non-invasive detection of blood vessel structural and functional lesions. In this study, thermal analysis has been employed to predict blood flow alterations in a foot and a cubic skin model successively by using a discrete vessel-porous media model and further compared the blood flows in 31 diabetic patients. The tissue is regarded as porous media whose liquid phase represents the blood flow in capillaries and solid phase refers to the tissue part. Discrete vascular segments composed of arteries, arterioles, veins, and venules were embedded in the foot model. In the foot thermal analysis, the temperature distributions with different inlet vascular stenosis were simulated. The local temperature area sensitive to the reduction of perfusion was obtained under different inlet blood flow conditions. The discrete vascular-porous media model was further applied in the assessment of the skin blood flow by coupling the measured skin temperatures of diabetic patients and an inverse method. In comparison with the estimated blood flows among the diabetic patients, delayed blood flow regulation was found in some of diabetic patients, implying that there may be some vascular disorders in these patients. The conclusion confirms the one in our previous experiment on diabetic rats. Most of the patients predicted to be with vascular disorders were diagnosed as vascular complication in clinical settings as well, suggesting the potential applications of the vascular-porous media model in health management of diabetic patients.
ASINA Project: Towards a Methodological Data-Driven Sustainable and Safe-by-Design Approach for the Development of Nanomaterials
Authors: Furxhi Irini , Perucca Massimo , Blosi Magda , Lopez de Ipiña Jesús , Oliveira Juliana , Murphy Finbarr , Costa Anna Luisa
Published: January 2022

The novel chemical strategy for sustainability calls for a Sustainable and Safe-by-Design (SSbD) holistic approach to achieve protection of public health and the environment, industrial relevance, societal empowerment, and regulatory preparedness. Based on it, the ASINA project expands a data-driven Management Methodology (ASINA-SMM) capturing quality, safety, and sustainability criteria across the Nano-Enabled Products’ (NEPs) life cycle. We base the development of this methodology through value chains of highly representative classes of NEPs in the market, namely, (i) self-cleaning/air-purifying/antimicrobial coatings and (ii) nano-structured capsules delivering active phases in cosmetics. These NEPs improve environmental quality and human health/wellness and have innovative competence to industrial sectors such as healthcare, textiles, cosmetics, and medical devices. The purpose of this article is to visually exhibit and explain the ASINA approach, which allows identifying, combining, and addressing the following pillars: environmental impact, techno-economic performance, functionality, and human and environmental safety when developing novel NEPs, at an early stage. A metamodel supports the above by utilizing quality data collected throughout the NEPs’ life cycle, for maximization of functionality (to meet stakeholders needs) and nano-safety (regulatory obligations) and for the minimization of costs (to meet business requirements) and environmental impacts (to achieve sustainability). Furthermore, ASINA explores digitalization opportunities (digital twins) to speed the nano-industry translation into automatic progress towards economic, social, environmental, and governance sustainability.
68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA PET/CT Imaging: Biodistribution, Dosimetry, and Preliminary Application in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Lin Zefang , Zhang Xiaojun , Lin Rong , Cui Mengchao , Miao Weibing , Yao Shaobo
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This prospective trial aimed to evaluate the safety, dosimetry, and biodistribution of a novel theranostic probe 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA. Also, we have performed the first preliminary application with 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA in prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Methods: Five healthy volunteers and ten PCa patients were injected with an intravenous bolus of 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA. They received serial whole-body PET scans from the time of injection up to 60 min post-injection, with a second PET/CT scanning at 120 min post-injection. In PCa patients, low-dose CT scan and whole-body PET were performed with 2 min per bed position in 40 min post-injection. Absorbed organ doses and effective doses were calculated using OLINDA/EXM. Normal organ uptake and tumor lesion uptake were measured. A lesion-by-lesion analysis was performed.

Results: 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA administration was safe and well-tolerated. The kidneys received the highest absorbed dose (114.46 ± 29.28 μSv/MBq), followed by the urinary bladder wall (100.82 ± 46.22 μSv/MBq) in accordance with the expected Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) renal excretion of the tracer. The mean effective dose was 19.46 ± 1.73 μSv/MBq. The SUVmax of 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA PET/CT for PCa lesions, bone metastases, and lymph node metastases was 4.41 ± 2.72, 2.95 ± 1.11, and 3.26 ± 1.20, respectively.

Conclusion: Injection of 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA is safe and associated with low absorbed and effective doses. 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA shows favorable kinetics and imaging characteristics in patients who warrant further head-to-head comparison to validate 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA as an alternative for gallium-68-labeled PSMA clinical PET. Low nonspecific uptake in normal organs of 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA indicates potential radioligand therapy (RLT) application when labeled with 177Lu, 90Y, or 225Ac.