bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Complicated by Massive Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report
Authors: Hekmat Manouchehr , Ansari Aval Zahra , Omidi Farzin Alireza , Dabbagh Ali , Mirjafari S. Adeleh , Ghaderi Hamid
Published: July 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 is an emerging disease that has been spread all over the world. Not all the dimensions and manifestations of the disease have yet been fully explored. One such manifestation is vascular thrombosis that occurs in the lungs and other vessels. However, it is often ignored or mistaken for pulmonary manifestations. Herein, we presented a case with dominant pulmonary embolism manifestations. The COVID-19 symptoms were detected in the patient a few days after heart surgery, and he was appropriately treated and discharged. Case Presentation: The patient was a 62-year-old man visiting with the signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism. In the CT-angiography, massive pulmonary embolism was reported in the right and left pulmonary arteries of the patient. Moreover, the patient’s echocardiogram showed a clot in the right ventricle in addition to severe right ventricular dysfunction. The patient underwent emergency heart surgery to remove the clot. In the 3 - 4 postoperative days, the pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 emerged. The throat swab test was positive for COVID-19, and the patient received treatment. After receiving appropriate treatments for about two weeks, the patient was discharged with good general health. Conclusions: The presented case had the primary pulmonary embolism symptoms. However, in the 2 - 3 postoperative days, he showed the COVID-19 symptoms and received treatment. Pulmonary embolism can be a manifestation of COVID-19.
Improving the Outer Shell of the Form Using the Characteristics of Human Skin
Authors: Tafreshi Faezeh , Alemi Babak
Published: July 2020

Context: Biomimetics is a novel field of science that takes inspiration from nature and biological organisms to create and design forms. This knowledge can help improve the conditions of a building form. The form is the manifestation of architecture, and the initial insight into a form is figured out by observing its external shell. Therefore, the composition and the type of interactions of a shell with its surrounding forces determine the quality of this important element in construction. Evidence Acquisition: One of the most obvious patterns that have similar features with the outer shell of the building is the human skin, so the structural features of the skin can be used as a source of inspiration in production or improvement of the form’s outer shell. The skin is a vital and the widest living organ of the body. It is one of the most complex and active organs with such capabilities in transforming the human body as an efficient microclimate that can favor the situation of its internal organs and plays an important role in self-repair, energy absorption, and thermal insulation. Conclusions: In this study, we tried to use the structural features of the skin to provide suitable ideas for improving and upgrading the outer shell of the building form. Applying these capabilities in the structure of a building form would lead to the creation of a smart, usable, and expandable architecture with a favorable geometrical performance that will adapt to the surrounding environmental conditions, including climate, pressure, etc.
Serum Concentration of Selenium and GPX Enzyme Activity in Iranian Children with Asthma
Authors: Tabatabaei Azardokht , Babaee Mohammad , Moradi Nariman , Nabavi Mohammad , Arshi Saba , Fallah Soudabeh
Published: July 2020

Background: Asthma is a disease with chronic airway inflammation, whereby the airway hyper-reactivity increases. Oxidative stress balance plays a critical role in asthma. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate serum glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activity and selenium levels in patients with asthma. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 64 children aged 1 - 5 years, 32 subjects as controls, and 32 subjects with asthma who were selected randomly. The serum GPX activity and selenium levels of the studied subjects were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: The present study showed that serum GPX activity and Se levels of patients with asthma were significantly lower than those of controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Reduction of serum GPX activity and Se concentration in patients could have a potential role in the pathogenesis and modulation of asthma. Micronutrient supplementation of Se may be beneficial in asthma.
Neonatal Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Case Report
Authors: Abdollahimajd Fahimeh , Fallahi Minoo , Rakhshan Azadeh , Taslimi Taleghani Naeeme , Kazemian Mohammad , Nouripour Shamsollah
Published: July 2020

: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. The transplacental passage of maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies to desmoglein-3 (a transmembrane glycoprotein component in the skin) from the mother’s blood to the fetus can cause transient PV in the neonatal period. The duration of PV is short in the neonatal period, and the disease is improved with no prolonged sequelae. The similarity of skin lesions in PV to other skin conditions, such as infectious diseases caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens, or inherited bullous disorders, such as epidermolysis bullosa and incontinentia pigmenti, leads to misdiagnosis, inappropriate hospital admission, and poor antimicrobial treatment of patients. On the other hand, the maternal history of PV, besides laboratory examination, confirms the exact diagnosis. In this case report, we present a male term neonate with multiple pustules and blisters on the skin, developed within the first hours of life. The patient was admitted to the neonatal ward of our hospital for a sepsis workup and antibiotic treatment. Regarding the positive maternal history of PV in the second trimester of pregnancy and neonatal examinations skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of this disease.
Posaconazole-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Rare Side Effect in a Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Tariverdi Marjan , Rafiei Tabatabaei Sedigheh , Saffaei Ali , Ayazkhoo Ladan , Mirrahimi Bahador
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. Drug-induced pancreatitis is an important cause of pancreatitis. There are two pathological types of acute pancreatitis, including pancreatic edema with a mild course and pancreatic necrosis with a poor prognosis. Some agents can induce pancreatitis, but so far, posaconazole-induced pancreatitis in children has been not reported. Here, we describe the case of a child with acute pancreatitis who received posaconazole. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old girl with a three-year history of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) was admitted to hospital due to epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and fever for the last four days. The pain was persistent and prominent in the periumbilical area. The patient was on lifelong antifungal prophylaxis for her illness. On abdominal sonography, the head of the pancreas was inflated, which can indicate pancreatitis. All the medications were discontinued at the time of admission, and along with sufficient hydration, acetaminophen was administered for the patient’s pain. One, three, and twelve months after discharge, the patient was visited for follow-up with no signs of stomach discomfort, and the lab data was within the normal limits. CGD is a rare disease in which the phagocytes fail to produce hydrogen peroxide. Such patients are prone to bacterial and fungal infections. Conclusions: In conclusion, this is the second case of posaconazole-induced pancreatitis and the first case in children; thus, we recommend that physicians should be aware of the signs of pancreatitis in high-risk individuals like immunocompromised pediatric population.
Professional Engineers
Authors: Stelios Spyridon ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2020

Professional ethics refer to the rights and obligations of practitioners within any profession or sector. Engineering ethics can be discussed based on the nature of the engineer profession and its implications for professional morality. This paper takes the virtue ethics lens to discuss engineering ethics and argues that, since human and social good derives from professional virtues, protecting the public interest is a professional virtue of engineers. Further, since the protection of the public interest redounds to human and social good, then engineers are bound by the nature of their professional role to achieve these two interconnected aims, namely, protecting the public interest and promoting human good. The importance of virtues is eminent in the way an engineer improves her professional conduct and this has an impact on the social environment and on human good in general. Given an engineer’s concern with the broad public needs of people, the engineer’s function counts as a morally good role, and therefore can be described as one that can lead to human flourishing.
The analysis of fitness in Drosophila melanogaster stocks with whiteapricot mutation after influence of microwave radiation
Authors: Gorenskaya O. V. , Prylypko E. V. , Shkorbatov Yu. G.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of microwave irradiation of Drosophila melanogaster females on parameters of fitness of Drosophila. Methods. Three Drosophila stocks were used: stock whiteapricot (wa), and two stocks, obtained by saturation of the wild-type stocks Canton-S and Oregon-R with mutation wa (waC-S and waOr). The Drosophila females were exposed to microwave radiation (f=37.5 GHz; P=250 μW/cm), exposure time was 60 sec. Drosophila females were exposed at two different stages of eggs development: during 1–2 days after pairing with nonexposed male and during 3–4 days after pairing. Three characteristics of Drosophila fitness were assessed in progeny of exposed females: fecundity, imago viability, and death rate on pupa stage. Results. The increase of fecundity was revealed only in progeny of waOr flies exposed at early stage of egg development. Imago viability increased only in waOr males. Increase of death rate at the pupa stage in the progeny of exposed females was revealed in lines wa and waC-S. Conclusions. The influence of microwave radiation on Drosophila melanogaster adaptive traits has been studied. In some variants of experiment in progeny of females exposed to microwaves the increase of fecundity, imago viability, and pupae death rate were observed. It is shown that the main factor determining the fitness quantity traits is genotype. The increase of fecundity and imago viability was observed only in one line (waOr) if females exposed to microwaves at early stage of egg development (stage of meiosis). Keywords: fecundity, drosophila, electromagnetic radiation.
Locomotor activity of Drosophila melanogaster larvae with altered function of gene swiss cheese
Authors: Matiytsiv N. P. , Trush O. I. , Gudyma O. M. , Chernyk Ya. I.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Gene swiss cheese (sws) in Drosophila melanogaster is ortholog of human gene Neuropathy Target Esterase (NTE). Point mutation in this gene lead to many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Spastic Paraplegia. The aim of this study was to determine whether the change of gene sws function influence in Drosophila larvae motor behavior. Methods. We used two mutant lines: sws1 and sws76-15; transgenic lines for UAS-Gal4 controlled expression of SWS in moroneurons. Locomotor assay was performed in third-instar larvae. Results. We have found that larvae sws76-15 and sws1 showed significant decrease of motor behavior in comparison with wild type: sws1 has 35.4 %, and sws76-15 24.1 % difference with Oregon R. Functional knockout of sws in motoneuron showed decrease of motor activity as well – 16.5 % less than control. overexpression sequences of complete SWS protein in motoneurons causes significant increment in motor activity about 43.7 %. Esterase domen and three nucleotidbinding domains overexpression in larvae motoneurons had no differences compared to control. Conclusions. For the first time was shown a critical role of gene sws for larvae motor activity in D. melanogaster. Flies with altered sws function are good model of spastic paraplegia study.

Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, sws/NTE, neuropathy, locomotor behavior.
Non-canonical inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in common wheat introgressive lines
Authors: Ternovska T. K. , Antonyuk M. Z. , Shtefiuk T. V. , Martynenko V. S.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Determine the nature of inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in common wheat introgressive lines developed with Aegilops species. Methods. Interline crossing, individual assessment of plants for resistance to powdery mildew, modeling of phenotypic classes ratios. Results. Empirical segregation for the trait susceptibility/resistance to powdery mildew in F2 and backcross plants from the crosses of introgressive lines of common wheat and its cultivars were characterized by ultra high frequency of appearance of susceptible plants. Susceptible plants appeared among progeny of resistant parents, and in backcross populations from crossing of resistant F1 hybrids with resistant crossing component. Considering influence of gametes formation with different chromosome numbers and zygotes with different viability on segregation ratios did not gave the possibility to develop adequate model of inheritance. Conclusions. Inheritance of powdery mildew resistance of wheat plants, which is controlled by alien resistance genes could not be modeled on the basis of traditional combinatorics of alternative alleles in hybrids without information about the expression of the gene of interest on molecular level.

Keywords: wheat introgressive lines, powdery mildew, inheritance model, aneuploid gamets.
Realization of cereals varieties potential as a way of solving the food problem
Authors: Vasylkivskyi S. P. , Gudzenko V. M. , Kochmarskyi V. S. , Kyrylenko V. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Constantly growing gaps between potential and actual yields as well as its variability stress the problem of development of systematic approach to realizing the crops performance potential. Methods. The paper summarizes the results of long run research (1997–2016) in domestic and foreign selection winter wheat and barley. The varieties were registered in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine in the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat and in agricultural enterprises of various ownership. The following methods were used while conducting the research: general (abstraction, generalization, modeling, etc.), field experiment (comparative testing, evaluation of the factors on crops growth and development, performance, etc.). Results. The scheme of systematic approach for the varieties growing conditions optimizing which enhances their genetic potential implementation is suggested. Conclusions. Thus, each new variety is a complex biological system that should be use under the systematic approach recommended by a variety originator.

Keywords: potential, yields, problem, winter wheat, barley.
Influence of the nanosilver different concentrations on the growth, the grain productivity of the oat cultivar Nezlamny and on the photosynthetic pigments content in the leaves in the oncet of panicle formation
Authors: Katsan V. A. , Potopalskyi A. I. , Zadorozhnii B. O.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of this study is the investigations of the influence of different concentrations of the nanosilver SS1000 (S), elaborated in Institute for Superhard materials V.M. Bakul NAS of Ukraine and kindly given to us, on the growth, the grain productivity and on the photosynthetic pigments contents in the leaves of the oat cultivar Nezlamny. Methods. The oat seeds were treated by the water solutions of S, the plants were grown in the field. The plant growth intensity was estimated by the stem length in booting. The grain productivity elements were performed after the gather in the harvest. The chlorophylls (chl) a and b, the carotenoids content and the ratios chl a/b, chlorophylls/carotenoids were estimated in the even-aged leaves in the onset of panicles formation. Results. SS1000 stimulated the oat growth in booting; same time it may influence negatively on the corn crop, owing to the reduction of the panicles length and the grains number in them and such unfavorable impact depend on its content in solutions, shown less stable, when the content decreased 10–60 times. The most stable suppression of the chlorophylls content was observed also for the maximal S concentration.

Keywords: nanosilver SS1000, oat, growth, grain productivity, chlorophylls a, b, carotenoids.
Formation of potato microtubers in vitro depending on temperature and light intensity
Authors: Lavrynenko Yu. O. , Balashova H. S. , Bazalii V. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To specify optimal techniques influencing the increase of intensity of potato tuber formation in meristem culture in vitro. Methods. Integrated use of laboratory, mathematical and statistical, calculation and comparison methods and the method of systematic analysis. Results. The paper represents experimental data about the influence of temperature and light intensity on the induction of tuber formation under microclonal reproduction of the health-improved initial material. It proves that the decisive factor in the process of morphogenesis of plants in vitro of the early maturing potato variety Kobza and their productivity is temperature conditions for cultivation. Conclusions. Optimal indexes of productivity and economic efficiency are maintained by growing test-tube plants under the temperature of cultivation of 14–16ºC and the light intensity of 3000 lux. The number of microtubers per plant was 1.2 pieces, the weight of an average microtuber was 262.0 mg, the weight of microtubers per plant was 363.7 mg, the number of microtubers weighing more than 350.0 mg was 20.9 %; the cost price of microtubers was 5.31 UAH with the profitability of 201 %.

Keywords: potato, microtubers, temperature mode, light intensity, in vitro.
Effects of total and variances specific combining ability of hemp inbred lines and varieties in topcross systems
Authors: Mishchenko S. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Determination of combining ability of monoecious hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) inbred lines and varieties by quantitative breeding signs of plants are the aims of our study. Methods. The study was conducted in 2014–2016 in the Institute of Bast Crops of NAAS. The effects of total combining ability and specific combining ability variances investigated in the full topcross systems by the method P.P. Lytun and N.V. Proskurnyn (1992). Results. Inbred lines and varieties of hemp were significantly differentiated by the total combining ability effects and specific combining ability variances. Conclusions. Line×variety crossing Central-Russian eco-geographical type and Southern eco-geographical type of hemp was recommended for productive combination breeding. Keywords: hemp, variety, topcross, total combining ability and specific combining ability, additive gene effects and non-additive gene effects.
Toxic and genotoxic effect of 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-1h-pyrol-2,5-dione in the test system Drosophila melanogaster Mg. (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Protsenko O. V. , Dudka O. A. , Demydov S. V. , Kozeretska I. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To date, the problem of cancer treatment is very acute particularly in countries where the population faced significant man-made catastrophes. It was shown that 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-1H-pyrol-2,5-dione can be used as a cure for cancer. Studied compound shows remarkable antiproliferative effect on the culture of transformed and cancer cells. However, as any drug this compound is a potential xenobiotics and requires pre-test for genotoxicity. Methods. To study the toxicity of chemical determined it was analyzed survival, development time and fecundity of flies. We evaluated the genotoxicity of the potential drug with the test for DNA damage repair on the model organism – Drosophila melanogaster. For study we used the strain mei-9a mei-41D5 / FM7c; mwh, y for the detection of repairable DNA damage in somatic cells. The tested compound was added to culture medium in amount of 1 mg per 4 ml of the medium. Results. As a result, we did not observe any toxic or genotoxic effects for D. melanogaster in concentration 0.2 mg/ml. Conclusions. It was shown the absents of the ability compound, cause toxic and genotoxic effects at the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.Keywords: genotoxic, anticancer drugs, Drosophila melanogaster.
Defining individual cannabinoid compounds of Cannabis sativa L. by the Rf index by the method of the thin layer chromatography
Authors: Rakhmetov D. B. , Polyakova A. S.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Modern researches identified a significant number of individual cannabinoid compounds: neutral – KBD, THC, KBN and acids – KBDK, THCC. Schultz et al., R. Mechoulam believe that cannabidiolic acid – KBDK has an advantage over the other cannabinoids in the nature. It is the main component of the cannabinoid substances. Defining acids in the sorts by the value of Rf by the method of the thin layer chromatography (TLC), with the absence of "witnesses" for them is of interest. Methods. TLC method was applied to the samples (leaves, perianth, buds) of the domestic and French varieties of hemp. KBD, THC and KBN were defined by "witnesses" – KBDK and THCC by the value of Rf. Results. By the results of the chromatographic analysis, it was found that the compound with the value 0.059–0.060 of Rf was related to cannabidiolic acid while compound with the value 0.131 of Rf belonged to tetrahydrocannabinolic acid. In the chromatogram, the defined acids occupied the lowest border by the distribution front of the mobile phase. Conclusions. The study showed that during the plant vegetative growth and development only cannabidiolic acid was biosynthesised: Rf – 0.059–0.060; the French variety Futura 77 also had tetrahydrocannabinolic acid: Rf – 0.131. During the biological maturity of domestic hemp varieties seeds the neutral compounds were virtually absent. Biosynthesis of acids amplified. The French varieties demonstrated significant accumulation of both neutral cannabinoids and acids.Keywords: thin layer chromatography (TLC), individual cannabinoids compounds (KBN, KBD, THC), Rf value, cannabinoid acids (KBDK, THCC).
The role of glutathione in detoxification of chromate by Hansenula (Ogataea) polymorpha yeast
Authors: Fedorovych D. V. , Yurkiv M. T. , Kolodii O. M. , Kurylenko O. O. , Grabek-Lejko D. , Sibirny A. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Chromate is very toxic, displays mutagenic and carcinogenic activity and its pollution poses a serious environment problem. The development of efficient methods for detoxification of this oxyanion is of great importance. For microbial cells, it is known that chromate transported in cells can be reduced to less toxic Cr3+. The most powerful chromate reductants could be glutathione (GSH) or cysteine. The role of GSH in detoxification of chromate by the yeast Hansenula polymorpha was evaluated. Methods. For this purpose recombinant strains with overexpressed GSH2 and MET4 genes and mutant defective in GSH biosynthesis were used. Profiles of GSH and chromium contents as well as rate of reduction of chromate were studied in relation to chromate resistance/sensitivity of the wild- type and mutant yeast strains. Results. High level of GSH in recombinant strains of H. polymorpha slightly changed the sensitivity/tolerance to chromate, but increased the rate of reduction of Cr6+ and reduces the amount of chromium accumulated in the cells. Deletion of GSH2 gene, encoding the enzyme of the first reaction of GSH synthesis, leads to increased sensitivity to the action of chromate. Conclusions. GSH can be considered as an important part of chromate detoxification system in H. polymorpha.

Keywords: glutathione, chromium, yeast, chromate reduction, Hansenula (Ogataea) polymorpha.
PM H+-ATPase is a potential target of hormone signaling during pollen tube growth in petunia
Authors: Kovaleva L. V. , Voronkov A. S. , Zakharova E. V. , Timofeeva G. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Pollen tube growth is the best known example of highly polarized plant cell expansion. This process is known to require intensive exocytosis at the tip which is supported by dynamic cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, and functioning of ion transporters in pollen tube plasma membrane (PM). We have attempted to test the possibility of plant hormones functioning as signal molecules in progamic phase of fertilization. Methods. The effects of exogenous plant hormones, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin A3 (GA3), and cytokinin (kinetin) on the growth, PM polarization of in vitro germinating petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) pollen tubes were investigated. Results. Growth-stimulated effects of IAA, ABA and GA3 were accompanied by orthovanadate-sensitive hyperpolarization of PM suggesting possible involvement of PM H+-ATPase activation in this process. Fluorescent labeling the enzyme with H+-ATPase antibodies exhibited IAA- and ABA-induced lateral membrane redistribution of it into the subapical zone of pollen tube PM. Conclusions. All these results, taken together, indicate the potential target of hormone signaling in pollen tubes, PM H+-ATPase, related to the hormone-induced modulation of the above mentioned characteristics of this proton pump.Keywords: Petunia hybrida, Pollen tube, PM H+-ATPase, phytohormones.
Realizing the genetic potential of the productivity of wheat varieties of different type of development under various growing conditions
Authors: Bazalii V. V. , Boichuk I. V. , Babenko D. B. , Lavrynenko Yu. O. , Bazalii G. G.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The cultivation of wheat varieties of varying intensity, genetically and biologically diverse, allows us to make more efficient use of the agro-climatic potential of each zone, each field, and ultimately to increase productivity and stabilize gross grain yields. Methods. The parameters of plasticity and stability of yield were determined according to the methodological guidelines of Eberhart S.A., Russell W.A.; variance analysis of the experimental data was carried out based on the methodological recommendations of Litun P.P. et al. Results. Analyzing the nature of yield formation in spring-winter varieties under spring seeding times it is necessary to note their possible use only during ‘February windows’ and not later than the first ten days of March. Klarisa and Solomiia wheat varieties of the alternative type formed consistently high yields under later seeding dates, exceeding the average yield of ‘typical’ winter wheat variety Driada 1 by 1.26 t/ha. Conclusions. The use of the available varietal composition of wheat under specific agrotechnical conditions and introduction of the alternative type of wheat will certainly contribute to enhancing the competitive ability of this crop.Keywords: spring-winter variety, plasticity, stability, variability, yield.
Expression analysis of alpha-tubulin genes during cold acclimation in winter wheat Demetra
Authors: Bui D. D. , Demkovych A. Ye. , Pirko Ya. V. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) display significant increase in freezing tolerance during a period of cold acclimation (CA). Functions and regulations unraveling of CA-associated genes can help in cold-resistant cultivars receiving using biotechnology methods. Cytoskeleton reorganization is an important element of the cold resistance mechanism associated with tubulin expression level alterations. Methods. Cold acclimation during 28 days was carried out. The expression level of 15 members of alpha-tubulin genes was measured using RT Real-time PCR with specific primers. Results. Similar patterns of expression alterations were observed within subfamilies. The highest levels of expression were recorded for the fourth subfamily members (Tuba_4-1, 4-2, 4-3) and Tuba_2-3 gene. These 4 alpha-tubulin genes may be involved in the vital functions maintenance during the first days of the low temperature influence. Conclusions. It is likely that four of the fifteen genes are related to cold tolerance mechanisms since they have significantly higher expression levels during cold acclimation.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum, winter wheat, tubulin, cold acclimation.
Mutagenic effects of phosphemid at the cellular and organismal levels
Authors: Weisfeld L. I. , Bome N. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Study of cytogenetic effect of phosphemid on the fibroblast human and mice. Application of phosphemid for inducing mutagenesis wheat. Methods. We studied the cytogenetic effect of a alkylating agent, named phosphemide – di-(etilenimid)pyrimidyl-2-amidophosphoric acid, in cultured human fibroblasts and mouse and in seedlings plant Crepis capillaris. Besides we studied the seeds, seedlings and plants of spring and winter wheat. Results. We have shown that phosphemid inhibits mitotic cell division and it induces many aberrations in chromosomes. At plants of spring and winter wheat it was be shown, that a mutagen phosphemid was induced a wide range new characters, and among them were a number of useful characters for selection. Conclusions. It is proposed the use of a new chemical mutagen named phosphemid in order for obtaining a wide variety of crops and for creation new varieties.Keywords: chemical mutagenesis, cytogenetics, wheat, plant selection, fibroblasts, Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr.
Combinative ability by weight of seed from plants of winter wheat cultivars with wheat-rye translocations without them of the north-eastern Forest-steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Vlasenko V. A. , Bakumenko O. M.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim was to study combinative ability of winter wheat – carriers of wheat-rye translocations by of weight seed from plants to determine their breeding values and model the possibility of valuable generations selection. Methods. Studies were conducted using field, laboratory and mathematical-statistical methods. Results. The highly significant effects of both general combinative ability and specific combinative ability of studied varieties by of weight seed from plants are found out with the disperse analysis. Conclusions. By weight of grains from plants the sources of steady high general and specific combinatve abilities are distinguished: effects general combinatve abilities – Smuhlyanka, Rozkishna; effects specific combinatve abilities – Smuhlyanka / Myronivs’ka rann’ostygla, Rozkishna / Myronivs’ka rann’ostygla, Rozkishna / Remeslivna, Remeslivna / Epoha odeska, Myronivs’ka rann’ostygla / Rozkishna, Kryzhynka / Rozkishna. The mentioned above cultivars are recommended to be involved in hybridization under conditions of Forest-steppe of Ukraine to improve the studied feature. Keywords: winter wheat, wheat-rye translocations, combinative ability, weight seeds from plant.
The apical dominance in winter wheat
Authors: Zhuk O. I.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of this work was to study the influence of apical dominance in winter wheat on stem growth and productivity. Methods. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’, ‘Novokievska’ were grown on mixture of soil and sand in pots with capacity of 7.5 kg. Optimal plant mineral nutrition was N160 P160 K160. The stem growth was measured. After ear maturing the quantity of grains in ear, and mass of 1000 grains were measured. Results were statistically analyzed with ANOVA. Results. The length of winter wheat stems and grain quantity in ear of main and lateral stems were studied under optimal mineral nutrition. The highest number of grains was detected in main stems. The tillers had less quantity of grains than main stems. The wheat cv. ‘Novokievska’ was more productive than cv. ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’. Conclusions. It is shown that the main stem is dominant over lateral stems of winter wheat cultivars ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’, ‘Novokievska’.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum, winter wheat, grain, stem, apical dominance.
Correlations and path analysis of yield components in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties
Authors: Kozachenko M. R. , Kompanets K. V. , Sviatchenko S. I.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of research was to determine pair correlation and path coefficients of traits and to identify on their basis contributions of different quantitative traits in the main feature – ‘grain yield. Methods. Eleven 11 spring barley varieties were investigated: ‘Dzherelo’, ‘Zvershennia’, ‘Etyket’, ‘Badioryy’, ‘Vzirets’, ‘Hranal’, ‘Modern’, ‘Vitrazh’, ‘Pasadena’, ‘Tolar’, and ‘Maliovnychyy’. We analyzed 50 plants of each variety for 11 quantitative traits. The pair correlation coefficients between quantitative traits were calculated by the BA Dospehov method; path analysis was conducted as AI Sedlovskiy et al described by the S. Wright method. Results. Path analysis revealed that the correlation between plant traits and yield depended both on direct and on indirect effects of each trait on the yield capacity. We established causes of varying correlations between yield and other plant traits. Conclusions. Different pair correlations between yield and plant traits were found. Path analysis of the yield capacity demonstrated that the correlation values between the yield and 11 quantitative traits ambivalently depended both on direct and indirect effects of a trait on the yield and on indirect effects of other traits. The direct effect of a trait on the yield does not always unambiguously affect the pair correlation coefficient. The following traits were of the greatest breeding value: lodging resistance and grain weight/straw weight ratio.

Keywords: spring barley, varieties, yield and trait, correlation coefficient, path analysis.
Cross-pollination in wheat Triticum aestivum L. and its wild relative Aegilops biuncialis Vis.
Authors: Kozub N. O. , Sozinov I. O. , Bidnyk H. Ya. , Demianova N. O. , Blume Ya. B. , Sozinov O. O.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of the study was analysis of outcrossing indices in Triticum aestivum L. plants depending on growth conditions and in natural populations of its wild relative Aegilops biuncialis Vis. using storage proteins as genetic markers. Methods. SDS and APAG electrophoresis was used to identify genotypes at the Glu-1 and Gli-1 loci for single seeds from F2 plants of T. aestivum and in samples from natural populations of Ae. biuncialis. Results. In T. aestivum, significant differences in the frequency of cross-pollination were revealed, from 0.3 to 11 % depending on year’s conditions and the dose of the 1BL/1RS translocation. The high outcrossing rate was observed under low humidity and the absence of precipitations. The frequency of cross-pollination is, on average, 2.3 % in T. aestivum and 4.38 % in Ae. biuncialis. Conclusions. Differences in outcrossing indices between genotypes with different doses of 1BL/1RS are realized only in certain conditions: drought at moderate temperatures favors cross-pollination. The rate of outcrossing is similar in T. aestivum and Ae. biuncialis.Keywords: cross-pollination, Triticum aestivum L., Aegilops biuncialis Vis, storage proteins.
Genetic control of sugar content in Beta vulgaris L. and creation of sugar beet hybrids with high level of sugar content based on the forms with cytoplasmic male sterility
Authors: Kornieieva M. O. , Nenka M. M. , Nenka O. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of the research was to study genetic control of sugar content feature in the system of diallel crossing and create sugar beet hybrids with high level of sugar content. Methods. Diallel crossing was used to study genetic determination of sugar content feature and top crossing hybridization was used to create experimental hybrid combinations based on the best paternal lines of pollinators and maternal components in the form of pollen sterile lines and simple sterile hybrids. Results. Genotypic structure of variability of sugar content feature in diallel crossing was defined. Components of genetic dispersion and inheritance coefficients of sugar content feature were estimated on the basis of genetic analysis by Hayman method. Studied lines were divided by relative share of dominant and recessive genes which control this feature in parental lines. Combination ability of lines was estimated and the best of them were selected. Conclusions. Lines-pollinators B31 and B32 recommended to use as components for creating MS sugar beet hybrids with high level of sugar content. Polygenetic control of sugar content was confirmed and this feature was determined by six genes. Keywords: lines-pollinators, pollen sterile lines, simple sterile hybrids, inheritance, hybrid combinations.
Peculiarities of resistance of carriers translocation 1AL/1RS to leaf rust of wheat in conditions of Forest-steppe zone of Right-bank of Ukraine
Authors: Lisova G. M. , Sobko T. O.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To define the features of resistance at the cultivars-carriers of a translocation 1AL/1RS in conditions of Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine to a local population of wheat leaf rust. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative, analytical. Results. A diversity in exhibiting of resistance at carriers of the wheat-rye translocation 1AL/1RS to the effects of a local population of leaf rust pathogen of wheat in the conditions of Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine is established. Varieties Nekota, Century, Monolog, Smuglyanka, Spasivka are donors of stable resistance. Variety Knyaginya Olga – a source of stable moderate resistance. Varieties Amigo, Colombia and Slavna can be a sources of changeable resistance with noncritical (tolerant) defeat plants at epiphytotic years. Conclusions. The expression of genes of 1AL/1RS translocation depends on the level of infection load. When epiphytotics it fully does not provide the resistance of some varieties. The presence of the background translocation 1AL/1RS of other effective resistant genes increases the resistance of varieties and can provide high resistance and even immunity in the years of epiphytoties. It is necessary to consider such features at attraction of varieties in the breeding process, aimed on resistance to local population of leaf rust. Keywords: wheat-rye translocation, sources of resistance, wheat, leaf rust.
Impact of storable lift of breeding material on yield and quality of sugar beet root
Authors: Polishchuk V. V. , Balabak A. F. , Polishchuk T. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. It is well known that the sugar beet seed during the period of storage perish or are unfitted for seeding. A lot of scientists have studied the various seed storage technologies. It was found out, that seeds with a high germinating ability, under the favorable weather conditions, stay responsible for seeding for 5–7 years. Methods. Calibrated and uncalibrated components of hybrid seed of Ukrainian ChS 72 and its hybrid seed (F1) of different storable lift (2006 crop) – the starting material for the research. The method of randomized blocks was used for placing sections according to the standard practice. Results. Upon storage and sowing uncalibrated seeds the significant production loss is observed. The seeds of CMS component and O-type are the most sensitive, the seeds of polyspermic male parent and hybrid seeds are less sensitive. It was found out that, productive properties of calibrated seeds, specifically yield capacity and sugariness, vary with shelf life. A significant difference in yield indices, depending on the size of the seed is not determined. As to the sugariness of root crop, the specified modifications are observed, depending upon seed fraction and its shelf life, but substantial and regular decline of this index is not determined. Conclusions. In the course of the research, it was found out and proved, that the duration of storage of uncalibrated seeds the significant production loss of sugar beet is observed. Therefore, in seed breeding practice it is advisable to brood the seeds calibrated and plotted out on fractions.

Keywords: sugar beets, fractions, sugariness, yield, shelf life, calibrated seeds, hybrid seeds.
Determination of allelic variants of gene Glu-1 in hybrid families, bearing gene Gpc-B1 of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides
Authors: Pokhylko S. Yu. , Stepanenko A. I. , Dugan O. M. , Morgun B. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of our study was to analyze the hybrid families of generation F5 carrying gene Gpc-B1 of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides for the allelic state of Glu-1, to calculate 1000 kernel weight and to select families with the best set of alleles and performance. Methods. Polymerase chain reaction for molecular genetic analysis and calculation of the 1,000-kernel weight for wheat grain yields were used. Results. Determination of the three loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 shows that among 44 hybrid families it is possible to identify 16 most promising families that have the most valuable allelic variants. Furthemore, given the analysis of the 1,000-kernel weight, two families (#36 and 40) having the highest values can be selected among those 16 families. Conclusions. The results of study enable a comprehensive approach to the selection of progeny with the best genetic base, which will be used in breeding of soft winter wheat later on.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., gene Gpc-B1, Glu-1 loci, PCR, molecular markers.
Key factors affecting on implementation genetic potential wheat and improving quality of grain
Authors: Pochynok V. M. , Mamenko T. P. , Tarasiuk O. I.
Published: July 2020

The quality wheat breeding refers to complex traits that researchers are exploring many countries and Ukraine. The quality of grain is primarily determined by genotype, but its implementation depends on many factors. The protein content in wheat grain and its performance – is genetically predetermined, multifactor characteristics that sold the totality of complex physiological and biochemical processes occurring in the plant body. The purpose of our review was to focus on the key factors that should be considered and which depend on the realization of the genetic potential of wheat and its quality. In the present review summarizes current scientific methods and approaches to the problem of improving the quality of grain. Concluded that the ability to combine modern genetic research methods in the selection process and targeted use agronomic management practices processes of formation of high yields of high-quality grain depends on the whole successful grain production. Keywords: wheat, genetic potential, grain quality, breeding.
Reactions of corn cell cultures during hard osmotic stresses action
Authors: Sergeeva L. E. , Dykun M. O. , Bronnikova L. I.
Published: July 2020

Aim. There are corn cell cultures, obtained from plants of maize inbred line L-390 (control) and from T2 progeny (L-390-T) of plants transformed via in planta Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with LBA4404 strain harboring pBi2E with double-stranded RNA-suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene. The reactions of cell variants, cultivated under hard osmotic stress pressure were investigated. Methods. 25.0 g/l of sea water salts or 0.8 M of mannitol were added to F1 cultural medium. Corn cell variants were tested under osmotic stress pressure. The free proline and protein levels were estimated on 14-th and 34-th days of the experiment. Results. L-390-T cell cultures maintained viability and wild type cultures died at the end of experiment. The levels of free proline rose in calli tissues, cultivated on nutrition medium with the addition of mannitol or salinity. At the same time the proline levels of L-390-T cells were products of biosynthesis. While the proline content in control cultures elevated after the degradation of proline rich proteins (PRPs). Conclusions. The L-390-T high level of osmotic stress tolerance is a possible result of transgene activity.

Keywords: Zea mays, cell cultures, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation salinity, water stress, proline.
Breeding of legume crops for effective nitrogen fixation
Authors: Sichkar V. I.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Grain legume are able to accumulate 80–220 kg/ha of nitrogen. To optimize this process we should select the complementary pairs “cultivar-strain”, which could realize their maximum genetic potentials. We studied indices of symbiosis for the use of the number of experimental strains of soybean, pea and chickpea in laboratory and field conditions. Methods. The plants grown in containers of a volume of 0.3 l without nitrogen in laboratory conditions. Field research conducted in rainfed conditions in the presence of spontaneous rhizobia in the soil. Results. Substantial variability was found for indices of the symbiosis of the interaction of different varieties of soybean, chickpea and pea with recommended and experimental strains of rhizobia. The best combination are recommended for use in different locations. Conclusions. The selected experimental strains of rhizobia, which are characterized by improved performance of the symbiosis of the varieties of soybean, chickpea and pea are recommended for using.

Keywords: rhizobium strains, nodulation, nitrogen fixation.
Analysis of Glu-1 loci in hybrid Triticum spelta L. × Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Sichkar S. M. , Velykozhon L. H. , Dubrovna O. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Determination of allelic status of genes in samples of winter spelt and bread wheat varieties and their interspecific hybrids, as well as a comparative analysis of specific combinations of loci and characteristics of grain quality. Methods. We used the method of multiplexed PCR. Results. DNA analysis of allelic status of genes of loci Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 in samples of winter spelt and their interspecific hybrids with bread wheat samples allowed to isolate spelt and hybrid combinations that could be promising for further breeding. It was shown that the allele d of locus Glu-D1 improves the baking properties of hybrids. Conclusions. Genetic improvement spelt by interspecific hybridization with varieties of bread wheat that contain only d allele of locus Glu-D1 can give rise to lines with high protein and good baking qualities.Keywords: Triticum spelta L., T. aestivum L., PCR, loci Glu-1, PCR-analysis.
Physiology-genetical regulation of initial development rate in barley of autumn sowing
Authors: Stelmakh A. F. , Lynchevskyi A. A. , Fait V. I.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Cultivars of facultative and winter barley are planted at sowing in the fall. Evaluations of their photoreaction and vernalization requirement were conducted in the breeding stocks of the Institute to understand their adaptation to winter freezing. Methods. The trait levels were valued by heading date differences at planting in natural and short photoperiods after preliminary artificial seedling vernalization of various durations. Results. Facultative stocks showed only the strong photosensitivity without any requirement in vernalization whereas winter ones revealed significant vernalization requirement followed by photoreaction of various levels. In spite of the negative correlation of studied traits in the total set, it was positive significantly in the winter set as such. Conclusions. To breed winter barley stocks of strong photo-sensitivity is really possible by combining certain alleles of Vrn(=Sh) and Ppd gene systems. However, their effects on the final productivity at planting in the certain zones with specific environmental limits need additional investigations. And molecular marking and identification of these alleles require additional discussion to form a clear view of molecular variety coincidence with phenomenological effects of concrete alleles.

Keywords: facultative and winter barley, genetic systems, photosensitivity, vernalization requirement, adaptation.