bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kiwi chicken advocate talks with Californian dog companion
Authors: Potts Annie , Haraway Donna
Published: August 2010

An influential feminist scholar in the field of human-animal studies, Donna Haraway (Professor in the History of Consciousness Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz) has over the past couple of decades provided ground-breaking critiques of such subjects as twentieth century primatology (and its links to race, gender and first-world/third-world politics), the place of nonhuman animals in laboratory science, and the phenomenon of pedigree dog breeding. Her most recent work focuses on our relationships with ‘companion species’, a term Haraway employs in her analysis of the diverse forms of human-animal interactions and exchanges that are part of everyday life. Drawing from ecological developmental biology, she suggests that companion species are the fruit of ‘multispecies reciprocal inductions’. In the following interview with Annie Potts (Co-Director, the New Zealand Centre for Human-Animal Studies), Donna Haraway discusses her views on, amongst other things, feminism and multispecies issues, human exceptionalism and posthumanism, and the pleasures of ‘becoming with’ our companion species.
Gender differences in family and peer reaction to the adoption of a vegetarian diet
Authors: Merriman Ben
Published: August 2010

Although ethical vegetarianism has been the subject of considerable theoretical attention and debate among feminists, the subject has received little empirical attention. This research note summarizes an interview study with ethical vegetarians of college age, and describes gendered responses to the adoption of a vegetarian diet. While friends and family were neutral or favourable to men’s vegetarianism, women vegetarians encountered significant hostility from male family members, in particular. The study is by no means conclusive, but the evidence may suggest that this hostility is rooted in a double standard, wherein men are seen as capable of governing their bodies, while women are not. Despite opposition from male intimates, women participating in the study persisted in their diets, suggesting a high degree of moral autonomy. This tension between individual agency and constraining social and economic structure is at the centre of the ongoing feminist debate on vegetarianism, and the findings presented here invite further discussion and more targeted research.
Intersectional disgust? Animals and (eco)feminism
Authors: Twine Richard
Published: August 2010

This paper explores tensions between feminisms on the issue of nonhuman animals. The possibility of a posthuman or more-than-human account of intersectionality is explored through the retelling of an encounter with a feminist academic colleague and her experience of disgust toward a book I was carrying (Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations, Adams and Donovan, 1995). I argue that such disgust responses can be read as the affective embodiment of unacknowledged human/animal hierarchy and act to impede intersectional theory and politics. Moreover this disgust response is paradigmatic of a certain feminist disavowal of ecofeminism misread as a stereotypical representation of essentialist thinking. Reversing this I argue that it is humanist disgust rather than ecofeminism that may be seen as ‘out of date’ especially when one appreciates how the more-than-human have come to occupy a significant place in both feminist work and the broader humanities and social sciences. In conclusion the paper claims that feminist engagement with nonhuman animals is entirely consistent with its multi-faceted interrogation of dualist ontology, and, whilst the ethics of this engagement may be complex, it is no longer tenable for feminist work to exclude nonhuman animals from its understanding of sociality, politics or ethics.
You see me, but do you hear me? The science and sensibility of trans-species dialogue
Authors: Bradshaw GA
Published: August 2010

Talking with animals comes naturally and happens the world over. Traditional indigenous peoples depend on their abilities to understand the birds, grazers, and hunters who share their land and waters and we converse intimately with the dogs, cats, birds, and other animals with whom we live. Nonetheless, science and society cast a skeptical eye on claims that animals think and communicate on par with humans. Now, this view is changing. We have entered into a remarkable new ethical and psychological consilience as scientific theories and data converge with age-old experience. Communicating with animals — hearing what they are saying and talking with them — is not only possible, it has never stopped.
Structuring relationships: On science, feminism and non-human animals
Authors: Birke Lynda
Published: August 2010

Non-human animals and their behaviour are part of the remit of what psychology studies; yet they are largely absent from feminist theory. This is in part due to earlier decades of feminist disavowal of biology and biological determinism (manifest in the sex/gender distinction). To exclude animals makes little sense, however, as animal societies continue to be used as models for humans, including gender differences. In this article, I argue that how we see gender in animal societies is not only an extrapolation from our own cultural mores, but is also produced in part by the material practices of laboratories. If laboratory animals are kept in impoverished, restricted conditions, then it is perhaps not surprising that experiments designed to investigate their sexuality or gender differences produce limited understandings. To counteract these tales of biological restriction, we need to look more at the complexities of non-human animal behaviour and society — and in particular to emphasize how we build relationships with non-humans, as mutual co-creations.
The Potentiality of Bodies
Authors: Tucker Ian
Published: August 2010

Theorizing embodiment has proved a major stumbling block in social psychology in recent times. Attempts have been made, such as the “discursive body” or the “regulated body,” but less attention has been placed upon incorporating a sense of movement and change within theories of the body. This paper seeks to conceptualize a potentialized body, utilizing Deleuzian theory, along with Massumi’s focus on potentiality. This is empirically driven through focus on the various ways in which mental health service users manage the somatic challenges presented by adhering to medication regimens, which involves a detailed empirical and conceptual engagement with accounts of medication taking. This culminates in the presentation of a move towards innovating social psychological engagement with embodiment theory and reveals greater insight into the difficulties presented in everyday life for service users drawn into complex medication regimen practices.
“Talking Brought Me Here”
Authors: Jones Raya A.
Published: August 2010

This essay considers the role that the literary experience may play in furthering fiction readers’ self-understanding. Although not everyone reads literary fiction, and fewer may claim to have been highly influenced by a literary work, the psychological phenomenon could reveal something about the reflexivity of self-construction that would not be detected by theorizing about the self solely on the basis of analysing self-narratives. Three main propositions are stated and expanded: (a) defining “narrative” for the purpose of analysing self-narratives understates features central for the literary experience; (b) certain aspects of the “feeling” response apply to the literary experience but not to autobiographical telling—for example, Freud’s essay “The ‘Uncanny’” and the Jungian concept of the numinous are instructive here; and (c) the literary experience can have special liminal affordances for the narrative self, enabling the channelling of subsequent self-narratives.
Sovereignty, Security, Psychiatry: Liberation and the Failure of Mental Health Governance in Iraq
Authors: Howell Alison
Published: August 2010

This article examines how psychiatry has been used as a technology of security in post-‘liberation’ Iraq. Drawing on Foucault and Foucauldian work on the history and sociology of medicine, it begins by tracing how, from the 19th century onwards, psychiatry has instantiated its authority through a claim to provide social security within national spaces, both through methods of sovereign confinement and through liberation and governance. Arguing that the various ‘psy’ disciplines — and medicine more generally — are increasingly used as technologies of security internationally, the article examines psychiatric practice in Iraq, where patients in the Al Rashad psychiatric institution were accidentally liberated from their confinement by US Marines in 2003. Iraq’s ‘mentally ill’ were initially considered a manageable security threat and thus subject to liberal community governance efforts. Yet, after the so-called suicide bombing of two pet markets in 2008, reportedly by former Al Rashad patients, those deemed ‘mentally ill’ and others associated with them were once again made subject to sovereign confinement, marking a failure in liberal governance. Thus, this article seeks to explore some of the complex lines connecting sovereignty, security and psychiatry in post-‘liberation’ Iraq, and in global politics more generally.
Foucault’s Legacy: Security, War and Violence in the 21st Century
Authors: Evans Brad
Published: August 2010

Anticipating the strategic confluence between liberal ways of war and liberal ways of development, the ideas of Michel Foucault have increasingly resonated in the field of security studies. Foregrounding in particular the biopolitical imperative at the heart of liberal governance, critical attention has been given to the manner in which life itself becomes the principle referent object for security practices. In mapping out these key debates, this article will nuance our understanding of Foucault’s relevance by explaining: how liberal security governance today operates within a globally inclusive imaginary to the defection of all meaningful Newtonian distinctions; how liberal biopolitics displaces the bare life of the sovereign encounter with the bare activity of species survival; how principally tasking security practitioners with sorting and adjudicating between different forms of species life reveals a distinct biopolitical aporia, in the sense that making life live demands the elimination of that which poses an internal cultural threat to its will to rule; how the rationalization of violence through doing what is necessary out of species necessity implies that humanity’s most purposeful expression appears through the battles that are waged upon life, for life, on a planetary scale; how the liberal encounter has created conditions akin to a global state of civil war that offers a marked conceptual departure from traditional sovereign paradigms; and why the onto-theological dimensions that give moral sanction to liberal biopolitical rule now demand the most serious critical attention.
Race, Culture and Civil Society: Peacebuilding Discourse and the Understanding of Difference
Authors: Chandler David
Published: August 2010

This article seeks to draw out an understanding of the role of narratives and discourses of race, culture and civil society within international peacebuilding, through the location of the discourse of culture as a transitional stage between interventionist and regulatory discourses of race and civil society. It particularly seeks to highlight that the discourse of culture is key to understanding the peacebuilding discourses of intervention and regulation that have developed in the last decade. This is all the more important as the discourse of culture has in many respects been displaced by the discourse of civil society. In drawing out the links between the framings of race, culture and civil society, the article seeks to explain how the discourse of civil society intervention has been reinvented on the basis of the moral divide established and made coherent through the discourse of culture, and how the discourse of civil society contains a strong apologetic content, capable of legitimizing and explaining the persistence of social and economic problems or political fragmentation while simultaneously offering potential policy programmes on the basis of highly ambitious goals of social transformation.
Found in Transition: An Acculturation Narrative of Immigration from the Former Soviet Union to Israel
Authors: Tartakovsky Eugene
Published: August 2010

This article presents a personal narrative exemplifying acculturation processes and their theoretical analysis. The author describes the development of his Jewish identity in the Soviet Union, emigration, and adjustment to Israel. The author’s affiliations with his ethnic group, the country of origin, and the country of immigration are described and analyzed as an ever-changing process. The role of family and society in creating a multifaceted ethnic identity is discussed. The validity of the theories on ethnic identity development (Camilleri & Malewska-Peyre, 1997; Phinney, 1990), acculturation (Berry, 1997), and the theories of culture shock and cultural learning (Ward, Bochner, & Furnham, 2001) are tested in light of the acculturation narrative presented here. The author argues that acculturation is a multidimensional process, which relates to the ethnic group, the homeland, and the receiving country. Each of these dimensions has its own dynamic of change in the process of immigration, which depends on the circumstances of the immigrants’ adjustment first in the homeland and after that in the receiving country.
Acculturation Experiences in Korea and Japan
Authors: Froese Fabian Jintae
Published: August 2010

This article provides new insights into the study of acculturation based on a phenomenological research design, that is, in-depth and conscious descriptions and reflections. The in-depth descriptions illustrate the plurality and complexities inherent in the social networks and languages of highly skilled migrants in foreign countries, which transcend the customary local—foreign dichotomy. In Korea and Japan, Westerners may enjoy a moot advantage of being foreigners to whom superior knowledge and skills are ascribed, while simultaneously facing subtle forms of discrimination. Being aware of this situation, some migrants, for example bicultural and biracial people, might be able to take advantage of this ambivalent situation while simultaneously coping with discrimination.
On accountability: Towards a white middle-class queer ‘post identity politics identity politics’
Authors: Riggs Damien W.
Published: August 2010

Writing about white middle-class queer subjectivities is a necessarily difficult task. Partly, this is because of ongoing debates over identity politics (and indeed post-identity politics), and partly because writing as a white middle-class queer always appears to invoke a particular ‘yes but’ (‘yes I am white and middle-class but I am also queer’). In this article I outline one way of engaging in a white middle-class queer praxis that takes into account these two issues, and uses them as a starting place from which to think about the intersections of whiteness, queerness and class in potentially novel ways. Drawing on the work of Jodi Dean, I elaborate what I term a ‘white middle-class queer post-identity politics identity politics’ that centres issues of reciprocity and accountability by considering the role of others in the constitution of the self. Recognizing the fundamental indebtedness that arises from this represents one means through which to negotiate a speaking position as a white middle-class queer that evokes an altogether different ‘yes but’, one that is mindful of race and class privilege.
White South African school girls and their accounts of black girls at school and cross-racial heterosexual relations outside school
Authors: Bhana Deevia , Pattman Rob
Published: August 2010

The post-apartheid era has generated opportunities for cross-racial mixing and socializing among young people inconceivable under apartheid, and this perhaps is no more apparent than in the formation of racially mixed public schools. In this article we draw on an interview study that seeks to investigate Grade 11 (16—17-year-old) young people and their lives and identities in different schools near Durban. We concentrate on interviews conducted with a group of middle-class white girls in a formerly white school and we examine whether and if so how they draw on whiteness when asked to reflect on themselves and their relations with others in and outside the school. While we begin with how these girls spoke about themselves and their relations with others in the school, we focus mainly in this article on these girls’ accounts of cross-racial heterosexual relations outside the school. In their accounts of schooling whiteness was constructed in opposition to versions of blackness associated with racial essentialism and intransigence. What was very striking was how positively they presented (heterosexual) desire when directed to boys of other races, associating this with free will and agency as against ‘constraints’ imposed by their parents, peers and culture. In these accounts their sense of whiteness seemed much less assured and taken for granted than in their accounts of their relations with black girls in school. Whereas, we argue, white girls drew on versions of whiteness (and blackness) in school that reinforced racial divisions and hierarchies, despite presenting themselves as non-racial, their interest in cross-racial heterosexual relations and expressions of cross-racial desire subverted racial essentialisms even if, in some cases, this was extremely limited.
White like who? The value of whiteness in British interracial families
Authors: Winddance Twine France
Published: August 2010

The value of whiteness is not fixed, rather it has contradictory and competing meanings among members of Black British interracial families. Drawing upon racial consciousness interviews and participant observation conducted as part of a longitudinal study of Black-White interracial families in England, this article presents the analysis of five black members of interracial families to show the fluid value of whiteness. An analysis of interviews with sixteen black family members uncovered four discourses or analytical frames employed by blacks as they evaluated the impact of their white family member upon the family. These four frames reveal that white family members are perceived as both a source of status and stigma. Black family members perceived their white spouses, partners and sisters-in-laws as: 1) an asset - a source of economic, social and symbolic capital, 2) a source of injury, 3) a cultural liability and 4) a source of sexual adventure that threatened the respectability of the family.
Imprinting Mortality: Updike Reading Books
Authors: Verduin Kathleen
Published: August 2010

Self-consciousness was eminently John Updike's hallmark theme, the matrix of his sustained confrontation with mortality and the condition of his alliance with Christianity. As with most literate persons, Updike's self-consciousness was stimulated by reading. His extensive oeuvre and recurrent confessional impulse permit reconstruction of much of his reading experience, recording not simply his internalization of formative texts but also his attraction to books as auratic objects for consumption. For students of book history, Updike's “story of reading” yields a quarry of information, intersecting continually the larger narrative of twentieth-century print culture: his self-defining agon with mortality may in fact be traced to a concomitant chronicle of American publishing history. Building on the story “Pigeon Feathers” as exemplum, this essay traces the progress of Updike's engagement with books from childhood to early adulthood, focusing on his well-known interest in Søren Kierkegaard and Karl Barth and contextualizing that interest by reference to such contemporary publishing ventures as Anchor Books and the Harper Torchbooks.
Synthesis of a Highly Hydrophobic Cationic Lipid and Structural and Thermodynamic Studies for Interaction with DNA
Authors: Nishimura Tomoki , Cho Takeshi , Kelley Andrew M , Powell Magdalena E , Fossey John S , Bull Steven D , James Tony D , Masunaga Hiroyasu , Akiba Isamu , Sakurai Kazuo
Published: August 2010

Synthetic DNA-transfection reagents can overcome safety issues raised by use of viral DNA vectors. One of these candidates is a cationic lipid that can form a supramolecular complex with DNA. We have been working in a series of aromatic diamine lipids with different tail length from C6 to C18: [N-(3,5-dialkylbenzyl)ethane-1,2-diamine, denoted DA] as such a lipid. The present paper describes the synthesis and the fundamental properties of DA. SAXS from DA solution showed bilayer vesicle formation, while it showed lamellar formation after the complexation with DNA. When we measured the N/P ratio (molar ratio of the amine groups (N) in DA to phosphate groups (P) in the DNA) dependence of SAXS, the lamellar peak (spacing = 5.0 nm) increased proportionally to the added DNA concentration at N/P ≥ 8. On the other hand, in the range of N/P < 8, the spacing was increased to 5.5 nm and the area decreased as DNA increased. These different features between N/P ≥ 8 and N/P < 8 suggest that the lamellar supramolecular structures differ according to the composition.
Manganese(II), Nickel(II), and Palladium(II) Complexes of a Terpyridine-Like Ligand Containing a Sulfur Linkage, and an Analogous NCN Pincer Palladium(II) Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Pd-Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Hirotsu Masakazu , Tsukahara Yuhei , Kinoshita Isamu
Published: August 2010

Coordination properties of new polypyridines containing a single sulfur linkage, 6-(2′′-pyridylthio)-2,2′-bipyridine (L1) and 1-(2′-pyridyl)-3-(2′′-pyridylthio)benzene (HL2), are described. The manganese(II) and nickel(II) complexes of the terpyridine-like ligand L1, [MnCl2(L1)] (1), [NiCl(μ-Cl)(L1)]2 (2), and [Ni(L1)2](SbF6)2 (3), were prepared and characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The palladium(II) complex [PdCl(L1)]Cl (4) was synthesized from L1 and Li2[PdCl4] at room temperature, while the corresponding NCN pincer complex of L2, [PdCl(L2)] (5), was synthesized in DMSO at 150 °C by cyclopalladation of the ligand precursor HL2. The crystal structures of 4 and 5 revealed similar coordination geometries around Pd except for the longer Pd–Cl distance in 5, which is induced by the strong trans influence of the Pd–C bonding. The NMR spectra of 4 showed partial dissociation of L1 in DMSO-d6, which was not observed for L2 in 5. Catalytic activities of 4 and 5 for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction were investigated, and the lower activity of 5 can be related to the strong σ-donating character of L2.
Spin-Carrying Naphthalenediimide and Perylenediimide Derivatives
Authors: Nakatsuji Shin’ichi , Aoki Kazunori , Akutsu Hiroki , Yamada Jun-ichi , Kojima Takahiro , Nishida Jun-ichi , Yamashita Yoshiro
Published: August 2010

A couple of naphthalenediimide 4 and 5 and series of perylenediimide derivatives 6–9 carrying TEMPO radical were prepared and their redox, FET, and magnetic properties were investigated. The radical compounds 4 and 6–9 were found to show antiferromagnetic interactions obeying the Curie–Weiss model, while the naphthalenediimide derivative 5 exhibited a singlet–triplet magnetic behavior and it could be well understood by the short oxygen-to-oxygen distance between the spin centers observed in its crystal structure. Owing presumably to their appropriate reduction potentials and structural motifs, exhibitions of n-type FET properties were disclosed in these radical compounds with mobilities of the order from 10−5 to 10−8 cm2 V−1 s−1 and apparent increase of mobilities was observed in the radical compounds 5 and 7 by the surface treatment with HMDS.
Briarenolide D, a New Hydroperoxybriarane Diterpenoid from a Cultured Octocoral Briareum sp.
Authors: Sung Ping-Jyun , Lin Mei-Ru , Chiang Michael Y , Huang I-Chu , Syu Siou-Ming , Fang Lee-Shing , Wang Wei-Hsien , Sheu Jyh-Horng
Published: August 2010

Chemical investigation on a cultured octocoral identified as Briareum sp. has led to the isolation of a new 12-hydroperoxybriarane, briarenolide D (1) and a known briarane, 2β-acetoxy-2-(debutyryloxy)stecholide E (2). The structure of briarane 1 was established by spectroscopic methods and the structure of 2 was further confirmed by X-ray data analysis for the first time. Cytotoxicity of hydroperoxybriarane 1 toward various tumor cell lines is also described.
An Effective Synthesis of a (Pyridin-3-yl)isoxazole via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Using ZnCl2: Synthesis of a (2-Aminopyridin-3-yl)isoxazole Derivative and Its Antifungal Activity
Authors: Tanaka Keigo , Inoue Satoshi , Murai Norio , Shirotori Syuji , Nakamoto Kazutaka , Abe Shinya , Horii Takaaki , Miyazaki Mamiko , Hata Katsura , Watanabe Naoaki , Asada Makoto , Matsukura Masayuki
Published: August 2010

We described a rare example of an effective isoxazole synthesis via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition using ZnCl2, which allowed us to synthesize novel (2-aminopyridin-3-yl)isoxazole derivatives effectively. In addition, these compounds demonstrated potent antifungal activity in vitro against both Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus.
Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Imines to Homoallylic Alcohols
Authors: Tanaka Katsuyoshi , Kato Tomomitsu , Fujinami Shuhei , Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko
Published: August 2010

The asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine imines to homoallylic alcohols was achieved by utilizing diisopropyl (R,R)-tartrate as a chiral auxiliary to give the corresponding optically active trans-pyrazolidines with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. The catalytic use of diisopropyl (R,R)-tartrate was also effective in the presence of MgBr2.
Controlled Cell Adhesion onto Photochemically Micropatterned Perfluoroalkyl Isocyanate Monolayer on Oxidized Aluminum
Authors: Saito Takao , Goto Hiromu , Yagihashi Makoto , Hozumi Atsushi
Published: August 2010

A superhydrophobic surface of a perfluoroalkyl isocyanate (RF-NCO) layer on oxidized aluminum (BWAlAl2O3) was photolithographed using masked 172-nm vacuum ultraviolet light to fabricate a superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic micropattern. Cell-adhesion experiments revealed complete cell repellency on the superhydrophobic region of the RF-NCO layer and cell adhesiveness on the superhydrophilic region of BWAlAl2O3 surface.
Titanium Tetraiodide-promoted Tandem Prins Reaction of Alkynes with Acetals: Synthesis of (Z,Z)-1,5-Diiodo-1,3,5-triarylpenta-1,4-dienes
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Okura Kanako , Arai Takuya , Hachiya Iwao
Published: August 2010

In the presence of titanium tetraiodide, a tandem Prins reaction of alkynes proceeded with acetals to give (Z,Z)-1,5-diiodo-1,3,5-triarylpenta-1,4-dienes in good yields, where an intriguing reversal of the stereoselectivity was observed among titanium tetrahalides.
Indigenous Sentencing Courts and Partner Violence: Perspectives of Court Practitioners and Elders on Gender Power Imbalances During the Sentencing Hearing
Authors: Marchetti Elena
Published: August 2010

One of the most common forms of violence in Indigenous communities is violence between intimate partners. Indigenous sentencing courts and specialist family violence courts (as well as mainstream courts) are used in Australia to sentence Indigenous partner violence offenders. Currently, there are over 50 Indigenous sentencing courts operating in all Australian states and territories, except Tasmania, which use Indigenous Elders to assist a judicial officer in sentencing an offender. Debates exist surrounding the issue of whether alternative justice forums are appropriate in cases involving domestic and family violence. Feminist advocates are concerned with the appearance of a ‘too lenient’ response to violent men and the danger of exposing a victim to further power imbalances during a hearing, whereas Indigenous advocates focus on the need for justice practices that are more culturally relevant, sensitive and appropriate. This article explores the extent to which gendered power imbalances are present in Australian Indigenous sentencing court hearings concerning intimate partner violence offending, and how, if at all, such power imbalances are managed by a process which aims to be more culturally appropriate.
Maori and Criminal Offending: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Marie Dannette
Published: August 2010

Since the advent of the Maori renaissance in New Zealand and the shift toward the sociopolitical ideology of biculturalism, the disproportionate representation of Maori in prisons has increased. Criminal justice sector policy asserts that this overrepresentation is best understood as the outcome of Maori experiencing impairments to cultural identity resulting from colonisation. Central to this claim is the notion that ethnicity is a reliable construct by which distinctions can be made between offenders regarding what factors precipitate their offending, as well as best practices for their rehabilitation. Despite the absence of empirical support, this claim has been transformed from a conjectural claim to a veridical fact resulting in what is termed here ‘the wishing well approach’. An alternative perspective is recommended to improve current efforts to address the issue of Maori being overrepresented in New Zealand's criminal justice sector.
Why Do Some Aboriginal Communities Have Lower Crime Rates Than Others? A Pilot Study
Authors: McCausland Ruth , Vivian Alison
Published: August 2010

Crime data collated by the New South Wales (NSW) Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR) indicates that there is considerable variation in rates of Indigenous1 offending from one area to another in NSW, including in areas that are comparable in terms of Indigenous population. However, despite research findings that raise the importance of community context in relation to the offending of Indigenous individuals, there has been little investigation of the relationship between the dynamics of Indigenous communities and crime rates. In particular, there is a dearth of research that seeks to better understand the factors that may render Indigenous communities less prone to crime. This article outlines the findings of a pilot study undertaken by a research team from Jumbunna Indigenous House of Learning at the University of Technology Sydney, with support from BOCSAR. The pilot study sought to better understand the factors that contribute to variations in rates of Indigenous offending by conducting qualitative research in two communities with significant Aboriginal populations — Wilcannia and Menindee — that are demographically and geographically comparable but with contrasting crime rates.
Policing Indigenous Peoples on Two Colonial Frontiers: Australia's Mounted Police and Canada's North-West Mounted Police
Authors: Nettelbeck Amanda , Smandych Russell
Published: August 2010

This article examines the ways in which colonial policing and punishment of Indigenous peoples evolved as an inherent part of the colonial state-building process on the connected 19th century frontiers of south-central Australia and western Canada. Although there has been some excellent historical scholarship on the relationship between Indigenous people, police and the law in colonial settings, there has been little comparative analysis of the broader, cross-national patterns by which Indigenous peoples were made subject to British law, most especially through colonial policing practices. This article compares the roles, as well as the historical reputations, of Australia's mounted police and Canada's North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) in order to argue that these British colonies, being within the ambit of the law as British subjects did not accord Indigenous peoples the rights of protection that status was intended to impart.
Highlight: The Biology of Proteolytic Systems
Authors: Pike Robert N. , Whisstock James C.
Published: August 2010

No abstract available
Using the “DNA Story” to Inculcate a Scientific Thought Process in the Classroom
Authors: Emani Chandrakanth
Published: August 2010

Episodic history of major scientific events can be an effective tool for sharing the excitement and eureka moments of scientific revolutions, especially in classrooms with both science and nonscience majors. By introducing the principal characters and the timeline involved in a scientific discovery, teachers can inculcate a scientific thought process in the students. This may in turn lead to a classroom environment in which students can develop analytical skills that are required to understand the basic concepts and the underlying characteristics of a scientific theory, instead of blindly accepting textbook facts.
Two Instructional Models That Teachers Can Use to Promote & Support Scientific Argumentation in the Biology Classroom
Authors: Sampson Victor , Gerbino Francesca
Published: August 2010

We describe two instructional techniques that science teachers can use to promote and support scientific argumentation inside the classroom. These techniques are designed to give students an opportunity to establish or validate a claim on the basis of reasons or to propose, support, evaluate, and refine a claim as part of a group. The description of the techniques includes two example lessons and suggestions for teachers.
Besugárzás utáni angiosarcoma emlőben
Authors: Vertse Gergely , Svastics Egon , Iványi András
Published: August 2010

Absztrakt

Az emlőbesugárzást követő másodlagos angiosarcoma ritka betegség, mégis az emlőmegtartó kezelések arányának növekedésével számítani lehet gyakoribbá válására. Az igen malignus, gyorsan progrediáló daganat diagnózisában a szövettani minta immunhisztokémiai feldolgozása segít. Sikeres kezelést az időben elvégzett radikális sebészi beavatkozás biztosíthat. A szerzők egy 56 éves nőbeteg esetét ismertetik, akinél 10 évvel a jobb mamma csökkentett radikalitású műtétje és radioterápiája után alakult ki szekunder angiosarcoma a maradék emlőben.
Prevalência de internação hospitalar e fatores associados em Pelotas, RS
Authors: Costa Juvenal Soares Dias da , Reis Mauri Caldeira , Silveira Filho Claudio Viana , Linhares Rogério da Silva , Piccinini Fábio , Fantinel Everton
Published: August 2010

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de hospitalizações e identificar características associadas à internação hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com indivíduos de ambos os sexos, de 20 a 69 anos, residentes na zona urbana de Pelotas, RS, entre 1999 e 2000. Foi utilizado questionário padronizado e pré-codificado. Foi realizada análise estratificada entre os sexos e controle de fatores de confusão por meio de Regressão de Poisson. Foram incluídas na análise variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, hábitos de vida, morbidades e consulta com médico no último ano. RESULTADOS: Dos 1.916 indivíduos, 146 (7,6%, IC95%:6,4;8,8) haviam sido hospitalizados no último ano desde a entrevista. Entre os homens, as características que se mostraram associadas a internação foram: idade de 50 anos ou mais, entre cinco e sete anos de escolaridade, ex-fumantes, distúrbios psiquiátricos menores e consulta com médico no último ano. Entre as mulheres com idade entre 60 e 69 anos, entre cinco e sete anos de escolaridade e consulta médica no período de um ano antes da entrevista, ocorreram maiores prevalências de hospitalização. As mulheres que consumiam menos de 30 g/dia de álcool mostraram menor freqüência de hospitalização. A prevalência de internação por causas sensíveis à atenção primária foi de 13,0% (IC 95%: 7,6;18,5). CONCLUSÕES: Homens e mulheres apresentaram prevalências semelhantes de internação hospitalar. Foi encontrada associação entre escolaridade e internação, mas não entre renda e internação.
Fatores associados à atividade física em adultos, Brasília, DF
Authors: Thomaz Priscilla Marcondelli Dias , Costa Teresa Helena Macedo da , Silva Eduardo Freitas da , Hallal Pedro Curi
Published: August 2010

OBJETIVO: Descrever a prática de atividade física por adultos e identificar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostragem por conglomerados das quatro regiões de Brasília, DF, em 20062007. A amostra de 469 adultos foi obtida em 250 domicílios selecionados aleatoriamente. Dados sociodemográficos, peso e altura foram obtidos durante uma entrevista no domicílio. O questionário internacional de atividade física (Ipaq), versão curta, foi utilizado para a mensuração da atividade física. Para se avaliar o efeito do sexo, índice de massa corporal (IMC), classificação socioeconômica e estado civil sobre o escore de atividade física, foi realizada uma análise de regressão linear multivariável. RESULTADOS: A maioria da amostra era composta por mulheres (57%). O percentual de indivíduos que atingiu 150 minutos semanais de prática de atividade física foi de 52% (IC 95%: 47; 56) e de inativos de 21,5% (IC 95%: 17,8;25,3). Somente nos homens foi observada uma associação inversa entre atividade física e IMC. Os tipos de atividades físicas relatados diferiram entre os sexos: entre mulheres, caminhar e fazer serviços domésticos; entre os homens, pedalar, correr, nadar e fazer exercícios com pesos. Houve uma forte interação entre sexo masculino e IMC para a associação com o escore de atividade física: quanto maior o IMC, menor o escore de atividade física. CONCLUSÕES: A parcela de indivíduos inativos em Brasília pode ser considerada baixa, em contraste com estimativas de outras cidades brasileiras. Diferenças entre sexos em relação a IMC e escore de atividade física estão associadas ao tipo de atividade física praticada.
A gestão estratégica dos hospitais na França: balanço e perspectivas
Authors: Crémadez Michel
Published: August 2010

A gestão estratégica é introduzida nos hospitais franceses no final da década de oitenta, num contexto de ineficácia e necessidade de controle das despesas de saúde. Este conceito tem inspirado uma série de reformas do governo, da organização e da dinâmica dos hospitais e do modo de regulação do sistema de saúde francês, pressupondo uma verdadeira mudança da cultura profissional. As mudanças no contexto econômico e no modo de financiamento dos hospitais, no comportamento dos usuários, o envelhecimento da população, o desenvolvimento das patologias crônicas e a intensificação da concorrência, constituem novos desafios a serem enfrentados. O envolvimento dos atores é fundamental e a gestão estratégica, baseada na mobilização dos atores, torna-se, hoje, um modo de administração particularmente adaptado à área da saúde. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o impacto do conceito de gestão estratégica na evolução do meio hospitalar francês e as consequências desta evolução sobre as perspectivas de difusão da gestão estratégica no setor da saúde. Para isso, examina-se a evolução do contexto francês até 2010, os novos desafios que os hospitais franceses devem enfrentar e, por fim, as consequências destes desafios sobre a maneira de conceber os serviços, de administrar as relações entre os atores do sistema de saúde e de organizar o funcionamento operacional dos hospitais.
Redes de atenção à saúde: contextualizando o debate
Authors: Kuschnir Rosana , Chorny Adolfo Horácio
Published: August 2010

A proposta de organização de redes de atenção à saúde tem sido incluída no grande campo do "cuidado integrado", denominação genérica que agrupa intervenções que variam muito em objetivos e escopo, tendo em comum a busca por mecanismos e instrumentos de integração do cuidado. Entre as experiências consideradas centrais, estão os sistemas integrados americanos e as redes regionalizadas dos sistemas nacionais de saúde, especialmente após a adoção de novos mecanismos de cooperação. No entanto, ainda que possam ser observadas semelhanças nas estratégias e arranjos organizacionais, é fundamental contextualizar o debate. Não considerar a natureza distinta dos sistemas de saúde tende a obscurecer diferenças centrais do âmbito da política, que condicionam as possibilidades de aplicação em um dado sistema de instrumentos desenvolvidos em outro contexto. Este artigo tem por objetivo buscar referências na literatura e na experiência internacional que possam contribuir para o debate da constituição de redes no SUS. Busca contextualizar a discussão da organização de serviços de saúde "em redes" em dois casos, o sistema nacional de saúde britânico e o sistema privado americano, focalizando especificamente no recorte da organização de serviços.
(Re)visitando alguns elementos do enfoque situacional: um exame crítico de algumas das contribuições de Carlos Matus
Authors: Mattos Ruben Araujo de
Published: August 2010

Carlos Matus ofereceu, ao longo de sua obra, um conjunto de contribuições teóricas e metodológicas para o planejamento. Entre elas, destaca-se a compreensão do planejamento como uma forma de cálculo que precede e preside a ação, a noção de situação, autorreferida ao ator social que planeja, a importância dos procedimentos explicativos e do chamado cálculo direcional. Partindo de uma leitura pragmática da ciência e de algumas contribuições de Giddens, este trabalho examina os pressupostos teóricos subjacentes a essas contribuições. De modo específico, reconhecendo a importância dessas contribuições, faz-se uma leitura que radicaliza o caráter autorreferencial, rejeitando as pretensões de se construir uma teoria geral da mudança situacional, apostando na capacidade dos próprios atores sociais de sistematizar o cálculo que precede e preside a ação a partir do seu próprio repertório de interpretação. Explora-se a possibilidade de compreender as contribuições do cálculo sistemático e explícito que precede e orienta a ação como uma forma de ampliação do entendimento teórico das ações, sustentado pelos agentes humanos. Por fim, indicam-se as consequências práticas dessa (re)leitura.
Conselho Municipal de Saúde: (re)pensando a lacuna entre o formato institucional e o espaço de participação social
Authors: Cotta Rosângela Minardi Mitre , Cazal Mariana de Melo , Martins Poliana Cardoso
Published: August 2010

O presente trabalho inscreve-se no contexto da construção da participação da sociedade civil organizada em saúde como exercício da cidadania e do espaço dos Conselhos Municipais de Saúde (CMS) neste processo de participação. O estudo tem por objetivo analisar o formato institucional do CMS de Viçosa (MG), abordando sua estrutura e dinâmica de funcionamento, regras de composição e competências. Trata-se de um estudo observacional de cunho transversal, no qual se utilizou como instrumentos de análises entrevistas individuais dirigidas aos conselheiros de saúde, observação direta não participativa das reuniões do CMS e análise documental. Dos 34 membros entrevistados (77,2% dos membros do CMS), 44,2% afirmaram que as decisões tomadas no CMS não são informadas à população e 35,3% não repassam as informações sobre as propostas e discussões tomadas no CMS para discussão e deliberação por seus pares. Pela análise documental, constatou-se que a composição do CMS de Viçosa, na gestão estudada, não está de acordo com a distribuição prevista pela legislação federal. Os resultados sugerem a existência de problemas relacionados à representação, limitando a participação social no conselho.
Vivenciando o processo de municipalização do SUS no município de Juazeiro do Norte (CE)
Authors: Coriolano Maria Wanderleya de Lavor , Albuquerque Grayce Alencar , Araújo Natércia de Sousa , Oliveira Marcelo Alves de , Lima Marinus de Moraes
Published: August 2010

Com a reorganização do sistema de saúde brasileiro e o princípio da descentralização e municipalização dos serviços de saúde, torna-se de caráter relevante um conhecimento mais aprofundado sobre a realidade da municipalização para a qualidade de vida das pessoas. O objetivo do estudo é observar as estratégias organizacionais da atenção à saúde no município de Juazeiro do Norte (CE), através de uma pesquisa de campo descritiva, com abordagem quantiqualitativa, extraindo indicadores das condições de vida da população, e entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com principais instâncias de gerência no âmbito do SUS. Os resultados evidenciaram uma realidade semelhante à maioria dos municípios brasileiros, marcada pela insuficiência de recursos no setor, problemas de saúde de diferentes complexidades resolutivas, demonstrando uma realidade com determinadas particularidades, tais como a existência de uma grande população flutuante, atendida pelo sistema de saúde. Desta forma, há de se analisar o SUS com maior objetividade, entendendo-o como processo em construção permanente, haja vista as inúmeras dificuldades a serem enfrentadas.
As organizações sociais de saúde como forma de gestão público/privado
Authors: Barbosa Nelson Bezerra , Elias Paulo Eduardo Mangeon
Published: August 2010

O presente tem como objetivo analisar o processo de implementação das organizações sociais de saúde (OSS), no Estado de São Paulo, focalizando o papel desempenhado por fatores como autonomia administrativa e financeira, direcionamento proposto pelo contrato de gestão e o emprego de instrumentos e práticas gerenciais inovadoras, como fatores que condicionam o ganho de eficiência destas (OSS) frente às unidades da administração direta (AD). A abordagem adotada foi a do estudo comparativo, que propõe estabelecer possibilidades de, a partir da confrontação entre duas unidades (HOSS e HAD), identificar os elementos capazes de explicar esta diferença de desempenho entre os dois modelos de gestão. A investigação aponta para a influência positiva da autonomia administrativa e financeira, da direcionalidade imprimida aos processos de trabalho pelas metas estabelecidas no contrato de gestão e de tecnologias gerenciais inovadoras com uso intensivo da informação como base para a tomada de decisão. Este resultado, longe de indicar a completa conversão da AD para a publicização por meio do modelo OSS, aponta para as possibilidades e limites de desenvolvimento da AD, pela incorporação de tecnologias gerenciais implementadas no âmbito das OSS.
Aspectos relacionados aos efeitos da desigualdade de renda na saúde: mecanismos contextuais
Authors: Celeste Roger Keller , Nadanovsky Paulo
Published: August 2010

O Brasil é um dos países mais desiguais em distribuição de renda e a influência desse fator na saúde das pessoas é controversa. Este artigo revisou a metodologia para estudos contextuais e mecanismos de ação que podem explicar o efeito contextual da desigualdade de renda na saúde. O estudo de efeitos contextuais necessita de teorias multiníveis bem formuladas que identifiquem o papel de cada variável no modelo, e o nível de agregação ideal das variáveis contextuais. Foram identificadas quatro explicações: (1) artefato estatístico; (2) comparação social;(3) subinvestimento público; (4) capital social. A contribuição relativa de cada um desses mecanismos não está ainda bem avaliada. Concluímos que a existência de diferentes mecanismos de ação pode explicar parte da heterogeneidade dos resultados. Outra explicação é que a desigualdade de renda pode captar outros construtos, como estratificação social ou políticas públicas e, em alguns casos, pode não ser um bom marcador de tais construtos. Estudos com maior poder de estabelecimento de relação causal são necessários. Uma possibilidade é a avaliação do impacto de políticas de intervenção direcionadas para redistribuição de renda.