bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faculty/librarian collaborations enhance doctoral student success: Strategies for retention and graduation
Authors: Chen Yu-Hui
Published: November 2018

Doctoral study is perhaps the most rigorous educational experience anybody can have. In higher education, a great amount of effort has been focused on increasing retention and graduation rates of undergraduate students. Yet, there has been little discussion about effective qualitative measures for retaining and graduating doctoral students. This neglect masks the reality that doctoral student attrition rates in the United States have been problematic for several years. A meta-analysis conducted in 2001 showed that about 50% to 71% of doctoral candidates in the humanities did not complete their degrees.1
The state copyright conundrum: What’s your state government’s rule on copyright?
Authors: Courtney Kyle K.
Published: November 2018

U.S. copyright law has a unique place in the world regarding federal works and copyright. Federal copyright law states that “Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.”1 This is a broad and clear statement that works of the federal government are in the public domain and are free for use by all.
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: November 2018

American Battlefield TrustInternational Music Score Library ProjectSustainable Communities Online
Maternal Knowledge of Stunting in Rural Indonesia
Authors: Hall Cougar , Bennett Cudjoe , Crookston Benjamin , Dearden Kirk , Hasan Muhamad , Linehan Mary , Syafiq Ahmad , West Scott , West Joshua
Published: November 2018

Child undernutrition and stunting remain serious public health problems in Indonesia. According to the Health Belief Model, increasing mothers’ knowledge of stunting is fundamental to establishing accurate threat perceptions predictive of behavior change. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of factors related to maternal knowledge of stunting in Indonesia by addressing three questions: 1) How familiar with stunting are Indonesian mothers? 2) What antecedent factors do Indonesian mothers associate with stunting? and 3) What health effects do Indonesian mothers associate with stunting? A total of 3,150 mothers participated in structured face-to-face interviews. Study measures targeted four main variables. Mothers were asked: 1) Have you heard of stunting?; 2) Have you heard of shortness?; 3) What causes stunting/shortness?; and 4) What are the effects of stunting? Only 66 (2.1%) mothers reported having heard of, read about, or knew something about stunting. Approximately two-thirds of participants attributed stunting to hereditary factors. Interrupted growth (33.7%), idiocy (13.8%), and easy to get sick (11.8%) were identified as health effects of stunting. Results highlight the need for health promotion and education efforts focused on increasing basic knowledge of stunting, its causes, and its health effects among Indonesian mothers
A sociolinguistic consideration of free and open source software teams as virtual communities of practice
Authors: Freudberg Jeremy
Published: November 2018

A sociolinguistic exploration of free and open source software (FOSS) development teams as virtual communities of practice will offer further conclusions about the identity of these groups and their relevance to linguistic inquiry. Making use of the "third wave" notion of style laid out by Eckert (2012), it is revealed how a FOSS community may make use of certain language norms to cement their identity both against their opponent of proprietary software groups and within the larger spheres of the Internet.
PELATIHAN TERAPI AUTIS METODE APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS (ABA) (STUDI KASUS PADA PROSES PELATIHAN TERAPI AUTIS DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS I TANGERANG)
Authors: Julimet Nofri , Cholid Sofyan
Published: November 2018

Applied behavior analysis was a method of healing autistic that have not known by the Indonesian. Meanwhile, ABA was effective and efficient in reducing the behavior of disruptive which shown in autistic. Then, the benefit of ABA was taught in a systematic, structured, and measurable. This the-sis descrubed the training process of autism therapy that carried out in prison class 1 Tangerang, the instructor was inmates X. This research used qualitative approach by using depth-interview to the informants that consist of instructor, prison officers, and trainee. The is training including the three steps. Those were pre training, whils training, and post training, the most interesting activity was post training, that is doing a comparative study to the clinic ABA, practice and written exam. Although the training has ended the monitoring still done by the instructor.
PENERAPAN PRAKTIK COMMUNITY VOLUNTEERING MELALUI KEBIJAKAN EMPLOYEE VOLUNTARY HOUR DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM CSR PT. KRAKATAU POSCO (STUDI KASUS PROGRAM SEKOLAH BINAAN DI KECAMATAN CITANGKIL DAN CIWANDAN, KOTA CILEGON, BANTEN)
Authors: Yuliantini Nur Fajria , . Fitriyah
Published: November 2018

This study discusses application of practice community volunteering through policy employee voluntary hour in implementation CSR program PT. Krakatau Posco (case study of school patronage program in district Citangkil and Ciwandan, Cilegon City, Banten). Descriptive qualitative was used in this study. The technique of informant selection in this study was used purposive sampling. The study shows corporate interpretation of a kind CSR implementation that is community volunteering through employee voluntary hour’s policy. Although in context of Indonesia’s CSR implementation, PT. Krakatau Posco having character of discretionary. But, through employee voluntary hour that is obligation for company’s employees to carry out sosial activitywith provisions 23 social hours/ 1 year in neighborhood community make CSR implementation from discreationary to necessity. However in implementation, this practice having some lacked but also can give motivation for employee to doing social activity and impact of positive for beneficiary school. Community volunteering is a kind of CSR implementation which rare in others Indonesia’s companies. Because need riped preparation and through employee voluntary hour’s policy, PT. Krakatau Posco try represent other shape of this practice.
LANSIA ANGGOTA KELOMPOK BINA KELUARGA LANSIA (BKL) ADALAH SEBUAH ASET (POTENSI) BAGI PEMBANGUNAN DI MASYARAKAT RW 04 PANCORAN, JAKARTA SELATAN
Authors: Yanto Juli , Bantarti Wisni
Published: November 2018

This research depict a new paradigm of elderly. All this time, the elderly have been thouht as an unproductive age group, dependent to the family, consumptive, used up of the health budget, and useless jugment in the community. However, the existing of the BKL IMPALA group in the community indicates that the elderly in the BKL IMPALA group as an asset or potential human resources to participate in the development of RW 04 Pancoran, and they are not family’s or development’s burden. The result of this research that the elderly have been health, and active in every BKL IMPALA’s or community’s activity. Their activities have been shown in every activity that held by BKL IMPALA and they are to become motivator in every activity. They always give an very good idea to the RW 04 development. For BKL IMPALA group, it is better to keep giving opportunity to the elderly to be active in the all activities in the community. For further research can be done by focusing on how the elderly that are an asset for the development can generate the good values or wisdoms to the youth as an further generation in RW 04 Pancoran, South Jakarta.
PROGRAM MEN CARE SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (STUDI DESKRIPTIF PADA YAYASAN PULIH, JAKARTA)
Authors: , Clara , Nugroho Fentiny
Published: November 2018

Domestic violence is a delicate matter in our society. Many efforts have been made by many institutions to decrease the violence that continues to increase every year. One of them is a prevention effort through a Men Care program that presents the male-engagement. Therefore, this study specifically describes the Men Care program implemented by Yayasan PULIH in Jakarta. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. The results is to describe the forms of male-engagement including advantages and disadvantages faced by Yayasan PULIH in disseminating those issue, as well as strategies undertaken to attract the public participation into the program.
RELOKASI BERDAMPAK TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN DARI SISI KONDISI EKONOMI WARGA KAMPUNG PULO
Authors: Syafruddin Pebrianto , Adi Isbandi Rukminto
Published: November 2018

This study discusses how the Relocation impacts the economic condition in terms of financial expenditure in Kampung Pulo, East Jakarta. The economy is a fundamental factor in how villagers do not want to move into vertical housing, the spending of only about Rp.50,000 – Rp.100,000 per month is spent on electricity, and they have many rented house . This research is descriptive research using qualitative approach. The results of this study found that the expenditure of their kampung pulo into a large around Rp.600.000 - Rp.700.000 per month which is not balanced with income causing expenditure to be a burden, this is because villagers do not have the ability to cap-ture business, trade, and owned capital None, this study also reveals the larger arrears that are not paid by citizens and the potential for mutual influence between citizens not to pay. Therefore, the residents of the towers need to be given economic coaching so that they can be self-sufficient, by themselves they will suffice their needs as well as the awareness that their living expenses should be their responsibility and develop thinking of improving decent and prosperous living conditions.
FINANCIAMENTO DE PERIÓDICOS NACIONAIS: O ESTADO DA ARTE
Authors: Costa Abimael De Jesus Barros
Published: November 2018

Este artigo é uma revisão da literatura a respeito do tema financiamento de periódicos nacionais. A revisão foi realizada com base em artigos científicos publicados em revistas das áreas de Informação e no ENANCIB no período de 1972 a 2011. O objetivo principal deste artigo é apresentar um panorama da produção científica nacional relacionada com o tema financiamento de periódicos nacionais. Os artigos foram lidos na íntegra, com o objetivo de analisar o problema levantado, os objetivos, a revisão teórica, a metodologia empregada e as principais contribuições para o desenvolvimento da compreensão a respeito do tema. Constatou-se, a partir da análise da amostra de 28 artigos que as revistas Ciência da Informação e DataGramaZero destacaram-se visto que juntas representam mais da metade (11) dos artigos publicados em periódicos, mas no geral, individualmente, é o ENANCIB que concentra o maior número (9) de artigos que exploram a temática financiamento de periódicos nacionais. A pesquisadora que se destacou foi Mueller com sete artigos que representam 25% da amostra. A partir da revisão da literatura percebe-se que as agências de fomento governamental têm papel fundamental no financiamento à pesquisa, mas não estão sozinhas porque organismos não governamentais, também, estão colaborando com pesquisadores. Desta forma tornam-se necessários levantamentos que façam detalhamentos sobre o financiamento governamental e não governamental voltado à pesquisa científica.
REPOSITÓRIO INSTITUCIONAL DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA: FERRAMENTA DE VISIBILIDADE PARA OS PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Barros Susane , Rosa Flávia , Meirelles Rodrigo França
Published: November 2018

Implantado em 2010, o Repositório Institucional (RI) da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) se destaca pela contribuição na ampliação da visibilidade da produção científica da Instituição. Além da visibilidade, contribui para a transparência da produção intelectual, e sistematiza uma política de disseminação, de alcance universal. Permite também consolidar um sistema de ordenamento dessa produção, que se faz, tradicionalmente, de maneira dispersa. Para tanto, é indispensável o compromisso e a participação dos programas de pós-graduação da UFBA para que de fato o RI cumpra o seu papel. Essa pesquisa analisa os sites dos programas para verificar de que modo eles orientam quanto ao uso e autoarquivamento da produção dos seus discentes e docentes, e em que medida atendem aos indicadores do item visibilidade do quesito 5, da ficha de avaliação da Capes. Os resultados apontam para: uma baixíssima indicação, nos sites dos programas, de orientações formais sobre o autoarquivamento no repositório; indicações para a BDTD, já desativada; ites com problemas de usabilidade e legibilidade às informações. A política de acesso aberto institucionalizada através do repositório não é satisfatória para mobilizar os programas num compromisso mais efetivo da disponibilização de conteúdo via RI.
O DIREITO DE AUTOR NO MOVIMENTO DE ACESSO LIVRE E ABERTO, UM ESTUDO SOB A ÓTICA DAS EDITORAS CIENTÍFICAS
Authors: Pimenta Fabrícia Pires
Published: November 2018

O direito de autor se destaca como motivador de grandes discussões e é considerado por vezes um empecilho para o acesso aberto e livre à informação científica. Neste trabalho buscou-se compreender como as editoras científicas têm atuado e se adaptado ao movimento de acesso livre e aberto ao conhecimento científico, principalmente no que tange aos direitos autorais. Para isto, foi utilizada a produção científica produzida pelo Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica em Saúde (ICICT) da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), no período de 2007 a 2014. A coleta dos dados foi realizada a partir do Repositório Institucional da Fiocruz. Em seguida, buscaram-se dados concernentes às políticas de direitos autorais e de acesso livre e aberto à informação científica nos sítios oficiais dos periódicos ou de seus associados e, complementarmente no DOAJ e no Sherpa Romeo. A análise de mais de 350 artigos científicos publicados em 120 periódicos distintos apontam para um cenário de extrema vulnerabilidade jurídica para o usuário, quer seja autor ou leitor. Os resultados indicam a real necessidade de maior conhecimento e transparência quanto ao uso dos direitos autorais por parte dos periódicos/editoras científicos a fim de se minimizar a insegurança jurídica para a comunidade científica.
ACESSO ABERTO: UMA NOVA POSSIBILIDADE DE MONITORAR E AVALIAR O FLUXO E O IMPACTO DA CIÊNCIA
Authors: Dos Santos Paula Xavier , Lima Nísia Trindade
Published: November 2018

Este artigo propõe a reflexão sobre como o Acesso Aberto e uma das principais estratégias para sua implantação, os Repositórios Institucionais, podem contribuir para o debate acerca dos modelos alternativos de monitoramento e avaliação da ciência e tecnologia e seu impacto para a sociedade. A comunidade científica tem criticado o uso de indicadores quantitativos como parâmetros de qualidade, gerando distorções na avaliação da pesquisa e do ensino. Algumas destas distorções se devem ao conjunto de periódicos selecionados para indexação pelos índices globais, utilizados como fonte primária na geração de indicadores e rankings. Neste cenário as instituições de pesquisa e ensino estão conformando uma nova infraestrutura de informação, resultado da implantação de repositórios institucionais que possibilita a gestão da sua produção científica e tecnológica. Torna-se urgente o aperfeiçoamento dos instrumentos contemporâneos de acompanhamento e avaliação da produção em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação considerando seu impacto na sociedade.
Expediente
Authors: Silva Silvana Pereira da
Published: November 2018

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MÍDIAS SOCIAIS NAS BIBLIOTECAS DA UFRJ: ADOÇÃO E MONITORAMENTO.
Authors: Dos Anjos Cláudia Regina
Published: November 2018

O estudo investigou o uso das mídias sociais em trinta e uma bibliotecas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro para compreender como utilizam estas ferramentas e tecer orientações para o bom uso das ferramentas de monitoramento no cenário biblioteconômico. Baseou-se em técnicas de observação e de entrevistas para averiguar a percepção de bibliotecários e usuários na utilização das mídias no contexto das bibliotecas acadêmicas. Embora a importância da comunicação nesse canal seja reconhecida por ambos entrevistados, como meio de promover serviços e produtos, os resultados indicaram que essas mídias não são elementos dominantes do universo das bibliotecas acadêmicas. Por fim, objetivando atender a demanda dos profissionais respondentes que declaram não estar habilitados para avaliar a presença de suas bibliotecas nas mídias sociais elaborou-se um material adicional, um produto desta pesquisa chamado: “Manual básico de uso de mídias sociais”, direcionado aos profissionais da informação, onde são apresentadas sugestões para uso, monitoramento e medição do desempenho organizacional na comunicação em mídias sociais, propõe-se que, esse Manual, funcione como um ponto de partida para explorações no universo destas mídias para fins de trabalho, seja no desenvolvimento de um plano de ação para as páginas sociais ou para melhor entendimento do universo virtual.
É TEMPO DE DEBATE
Authors: Tude de Sá Alzira Gondim
Published: November 2018

Aberta ao debate científico e sintonizada com as questões que envolvem os sujeitos na contemporaneidade, a revista PontodeAcesso, neste número 1 do volume 12, publica artigos, resumos de dissertações e teses que abordam, problematizam, apontam caminhos e buscam soluções, além de trazer, como um presente para o leitor, a tradução de um texto do ilustre pesquisador Peter Burke. Este número, com satisfação, amplia o seu Comitê Editorial Internacional com a inserção de pesquisadores de países da América Latina e da Espanha.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PROTEÇÃO MARCARIA DO AGRONEGÓCIO BRASILEIRO: uma visão com base em dados do INPI
Authors: Castro Maria Jose , Tapajos Sidney Rodrigues , Filho Petrojanes Stellato , Santos João Antonio Belmino dos
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho buscou analisar com base em dados do INPI a situação dos pedidos de registros de Marcas relacionadas ao setor do Agronegócio. A Marca de um produto ou serviço tem como objetivo levar o nome da empresa ao mercado e como tal ela se traduz em ativos valiosos para as organizações contribuindo para seu reconhecimento social e crescimento econômico. A pesquisa consistiu na verificação dos seguintes aspectos: segmentos que mais registraram as Marcas, tipo de apresentação da marca, natureza da marca, titularidade, situação dos registros e evolução anual dos registros. Os resultados demonstram que para o período analisado (1998 até junho de 2017) foram encontrados 549 pedidos registros de marcas para o segmento pesquisado, desses registros, 89,80% foram efetuados por pessoa jurídica, quanto aos setores se destacam o de Comércio de insumos agrícolas com 40,25% dos pedidos, o de Publicidade e comunicação no geral com 12,39%. Já com relação à natureza das marcas, a Marcas de Serviços representam 76,87% dos processos e quanto à forma de apresentação a Mista concentra 79,42% dos pedidos.
MÍNIMOS QUADRADOS ORDINÁRIOS (MQO) NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA BRASILEIRA: a interdisciplinaridade entre a econometria e as metrias da informação (bibliometria, informetria e cientometria)
Authors: Santos Levi Alã Neves dos
Published: November 2018

Analisa a produção científica brasileira (artigos nacionais, artigos internacionais, anais de eventos e livros) através dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO). Para tanto, discorre sobre o percurso histórico e de aplicação das metrias que a Ciência da Informação (CI) vem construindo, desde a mais primordial de todas, a bibliometria, oriunda da biblioteconomia, passando pelas visões modernas como a cienciometria até a informetria. Explica como a econometria constrói o seu modelo de análise, que é utilizado para pesquisas na economia e, ao mesmo tempo, reflete como esse método pode ser trazido para as metrias da informação. Explica e expõe o método de estimação por MQO para a análise de regressão, que é a proposta desta tese. Pesquisa aplicada descritiva com abordagem quantitativa com procedimentos baseados no tipo de pesquisa estudo de caso do levantamento de dados a partir do Portal do Plano Tabular do CNPq do ano de 2010. Os critérios para delineamento da pesquisa foram aprofundados, na revisão de literatura, em referências tanto da área da CI quanto da bibliometria, estatística e econometria. Este estudo, metodologicamente, conta com a abordagem conceitual da bibliometria e da CI em busca de teorias aplicáveis aos estudos em MQO e a aplicação empírica do MQO se aproxima da concepção econométrica. A tese conclui que a utilização de técnicas de análises das funções de regressão construída por meio de MQO possibilita a criação de um modelo de previsão da produção científica brasileira. Esse modelo é construído a partir da correlação e determinação detectada entre o número de doutores e a produção científica destes em cada estado do Brasil. Com a aplicação de estratégias econométricas (índice de correlação, índice de determinação, forma funcional de curva de regressão e cálculo dos parâmetros da função por MQO), foi possível construir um modelo de previsão.
COMPETÊNCIAS EM INFORMAÇÃO - ARQUIVOS, BIBLIOTECAS E MUSEUS: uma análise por indicadores de avaliação
Authors: Rodrigues Marina Brito
Published: November 2018

O trabalho de pesquisa resultado desta dissertação objetiva apontar as competências em informação necessárias para que os gestores em arquivos, bibliotecas e museus de caráter público, da cidade de Salvador, possam atuar de modo a colaborar com a formação e o desenvolvimento da pessoa humana, a partir do acesso à informação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, de caráter qualitativo e que se desenvolveu por meio de visitas ao Arquivo Público do Estado da Bahia, à Biblioteca Central do Estado da Bahia e ao Museu de Arte Moderna da Bahia. A pesquisa apresenta o método de análise do conteúdo de entrevistas, a partir de indicadores de avaliação desenvolvidos de acordo com os padrões preconizados pela International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, das entrevistas e da literatura da área, que foi ancorada em trabalhos de autores contemporâneos. O estudo aponta que os gestores dos espaços pesquisados compreendem o que são competências em informação e as utilizam conforme as suas necessidades, dada à realidade que cada instituição vivencia. Considera-se que o objetivo geral deste estudo foi alcançado, pois através dos resultados da pesquisa, foi possível compreender as competências em informação necessárias para os profissionais que atuam em arquivos, bibliotecas e museus possam colaborar com a difusão do conhecimento na atualidade. Como resultado, foram apresentadas as principais competências em informação desenvolvidas pelos gestores que atuam nestes espaços e que são comuns aos profissionais de arquivos, bibliotecas e museus.
OTPs can be source of needed support for office‐based treatment providers
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: November 2018

The kind of collaboration between generalist physicians and specialty treatment that has become second nature in addressing chronic conditions such as diabetes remains largely absent in the health care community's response to opioid use disorders. The result, say behavioral health experts interviewed by ADAW, often can be incomplete or inappropriate care in the office‐based practices that national leaders increasingly see as the focus of the treatment response to the opioid crisis.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bio‐Inspired Ti/Al/Al‐Cf Multilayered Composites
Authors: Tang Yingchun , Han Baoshuai , Luo Liangshun , Wang Xinwei , Su Yanqing , Guo Jingjie , Fu Hengzhi
Published: November 2018

In this work, a novel Ti/Al/Al‐Cf multi‐layered composite consisted of periodically alternating brittle and ductile layers has been successfully fabricated through the biological shell structure consideration as the prototype. Pure titanium foils (Ti), aluminum foils (Al), and woven C fibers (Cf) with Ni coating are adopted and stacked in a specific order, namely the Ti, Al, Cf, and Al order. The results demonstrated that all layers are well bonded. The Al3Ti and Al3Ni phases are formed at the Ti/Al and Cf/Al interface, respectively. Compression and three‐point bending tests are conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the bio‐inspired composites. Due to the special layered structure and reinforcing effect of the Cf, the novel material has high compressive strength (565 MPa), as well as high bending strength (413 MPa). It is discovered that the hierarchical structure can effectively delay crack propagation and absorb energy during fracture. The authors’ work provided new sight for the design of a new bio‐inspired composite and better understanding the relationship of mechanical performance and hierarchical structure.
On the Limits of Scalpel AFM for the 3D Electrical Characterization of Nanomaterials
Authors: Chen Shaochuan , Jiang Lanlan , Buckwell Mark , Jing Xu , Ji Yanfeng , Grustan‐Gutierrez Enric , Hui Fei , Shi Yuanyuan , Rommel Mathias , Paskaleva Albena , Benstetter Guenther , Ng Wing H. , Mehonic Adnan , Kenyon Anthony J. , Lanza Mario
Published: November 2018

Conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) has been widely used for electrical characterization of thin dielectrics by applying a gentle contact force that ensures a good electrical contact without inducing additional high‐pressure related phenomena (e.g., flexoelectricity, local heat, scratching). Recently, the CAFM has been used to obtain 3D electrical images of thin dielectrics by etching their surface. However, the effect of the high contact forces/pressures applied during the etching on the electrical properties of the materials has never been considered. By collecting cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy images at the etched regions, it is shown here that the etching process can modify the morphology of Al2O3 thin films (producing phase change, generation of defects, and metal penetration). It is also observed that this technique severely modifies the electrical properties of pSi and TiO2 wafers during the etching, and several behaviors ignored in previous studies, including i) observation of high currents in the absence of bias, ii) instabilities of etching rate, and iii) degradation of CAFM tips, are reported. Overall, this work should contribute to understand better the limitations of this technique and disseminate it among those applications in which it can be really useful.
Fast Deposition of Aligning Edge‐On Polymers for High‐Mobility Ambipolar Transistors
Authors: Jiang Yingying , Chen Jinyang , Sun Yunlong , Li Qingyuan , Cai Zhengxu , Li Junyu , Guo Yunlong , Hu Wenping , Liu Yunqi
Published: November 2018

Fast deposition of aligning ambipolar polymers for high‐performance organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and inverter circuits are highly desired for both scientific studies and industry applications. Here, large‐area and ordered polymer films are prepared by a bar‐coating method at a rate of 120 mm s−1 in air. Atomic force microscopy and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis indicate uniform edge‐on poly(fluoroisoindigo‐difluorobithiophene‐fluoroisoindigo‐bithiophene) (PFIBI‐BT) in 11.7 ± 1 nm film (≈5 layers). The elongated, uniformly oriented grains can reduce the adverse effects of the grain boundaries and facilitate charge transport in polymers. Furthermore, OFETs based on parallel film show high hole/electron mobilities up to 5.5/4.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, which are approximately nine times of the devices prepared by spin‐coating. The gain of the inverter is as high as 174, which is one of the highest values in polymer inventers currently. These results demonstrate that the excellent bipolar performance of few‐layer PFIBI‐BT can be ensured while achieving the compatibility of the experimental process with industrial preparation.
9,10‐Imide‐Pyrene‐Fused Pyrazaacenes (IPPA) as N‐Type Doping Materials for High‐Performance Nonvolatile Organic Field Effect Transistor Memory Devices
Authors: Wu Ze‐Hua , Sun Wen‐Jing , Tian Hu‐Hu , Yu Ze‐Feng , Guo Rui‐Xue , Shao Xiangfeng , Zhang Hao‐Li
Published: November 2018

The fabrication of high‐performance nonvolatile organic field effect transistor (OFET) memory devices is reported using a series of pyrene‐fused pyrazaacene (PPA) and 9,10‐imide‐pyrene‐fused pyrazaacene (IPPA) derivatives as n‐type doping components. The obtained memory devices exhibit stable switching behaviors (>100 times) and good retention properties (>104 s). Devices based on chlorinated IPPA (IPPA‐Cl) show the largest memory window of 40.8 V, with a trapping charge density of 2.66 × 1012 cm−2 and on/off ratio higher than 106. Our investigation reveals that low‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels and small dipole moment are key parameters for achieving high memory performance. This work provides a general guideline for the design of n‐type organic semiconductors as highly efficient doping materials for organic memory devices.
The impact of business relationships on safe production behavior by farmers: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Lin , Guo Hongdong
Published: November 2018

This paper focuses on the impact of business relationships on safe production behavior by farmers in China. Data collected from 410 vegetable farmers were used with a propensity score matching model for estimating. We found that the co‐operative membership without marketing transactions had no significant effect on whether farmers had vegetable certification, whereas the membership did positively affect farmers’ attention to pesticide toxicity and the application of soil‐testing results to fertilization compared with farmers who participated in market exchanges. These results show that farmers who participate in co‐operative membership with marketing transactions are more likely to own certifications, attend to toxicity and apply soil‐testing results. We also found that contract farming has a positive effect on whether farmers have certification, whereas no significant effect was observed on the attention paid to toxicity and the application of soil‐testing results.
Patterns and predictors of fleshy fruit phenology at five international botanical gardens
Authors: Gallinat Amanda S. , Primack Richard B. , Willis Charles G. , Nordt Birgit , Stevens Albert‐Dieter , Fahey Robert , Whittemore Alan T. , Du Yanjun , Panchen Zoe A.
Published: November 2018

Premise of the Study

To improve our understanding of the patterns and drivers of fleshy fruit phenology, we examined the sequence, patterns across years and locations, and drivers of fruiting times at five botanical gardens on three continents.

Methods

We monitored four stages of fruit phenology for 406 temperate, fleshy‐fruited, woody plant species in 2014 and 2015.

Key Results

Across all gardens, ripe fruits were present from May to March of the following year, with peak fruiting durations ranging from under 1 week to over 150 days. Species‐level first fruiting and onset of peak fruiting dates were strongly associated with one another within sites and were more consistent between years and sites than the end of peak fruiting and last fruiting date. The order of fruiting among species between years and gardens was moderately consistent, and both peak fruiting times and fruiting durations were found to be phylogenetically conserved.

Conclusions

The consistent order of fruiting among species between years and locations indicates species‐specific phenological responses to environmental conditions. Wide variation in fruiting times across species and in the duration of peak fruiting reinforces the importance of understanding how plant phenology impacts dispersers and monitoring the health and consistency of these interactions.
A Versatile Metalloporphyrinic Framework Platform for Highly Efficient Bioinspired, Photo‐ and Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: He Wei‐Long , Zhao Min , Wu Chuan‐De
Published: November 2018

Even though numerous bioinspired catalysts have been developed, there remain huge gaps between the artificial and natural catalysts, because it is very difficult to imitate simultaneously the complicated constituents, structures, and synergistic effect of enzymes. We report herein a versatile metalloporphyrinic framework platform, which exhibits high efficiency in bioinspired catalysis, photocatalysis, and asymmetric catalysis. The catalytic properties are highly dependent on the tunable constituents and their cooperation, and are significantly superior to the corresponding molecular catalyst systems which lack the synergistic effects. Since there are numerous functional moieties that can readily be incorporated into the metalloporphyrinic framework platform, a myriad of applications can be simply realized by embedding different functional moieties.
Understanding the Roles of Oxygen Vacancies in Hematite‐Based Photoelectrochemical Processes
Authors: Wang Zhiliang , Mao Xin , Chen Peng , Xiao Mu , Monny Sabiha Akter , Wang Songcan , Konarova Muxina , Du Aijun , Wang Lianzhou
Published: November 2018

Oxygen vacancy (VO) engineering is an effective method to tune the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance, but the influence of VO on photoelectrodes is not well understood. Using hematite as a prototype, we herein report that VO functions in a more complicated way in PEC process than previously reported. Through a comprehensive analysis of the key charge transfer and surface reaction steps in PEC processes on a hematite photoanode, we clarify that VO can facilitate surface electrocatalytic processes while leading to severe interfacial recombination at the semiconductor/electrolyte (S‐E) interface, in addition to the well‐reported improvements in bulk conductivity. The improved bulk conductivity and surface catalysis are beneficial for bulk charge transfer and surface charge consumption while interfacial charge transfer deteriorates because of recombination through VO‐induced trap states at the S‐E interface.
Nanographene Imides Featuring Dual‐Core Sixfold [5]Helicenes
Authors: Liu Guogang , Koch Tobias , Li Yan , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Wang Zhaohui
Published: November 2018

A novel kind of nanographene imide, namely pentaperylene decaimides (PPD) featuring dual‐core sixfold [5]helicenes and ten imide groups, was efficiently obtained. Among the possible 28 stereoisomers, which include 14 pairs of enantiomers, only one pair of enantiomers was obtained selectively which could be separated by chiral HPLC. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that it exhibits a D2‐symmetric “four‐bladed propeller” conformation composed of conjoined double “three‐bladed propeller”, which is very stable and could not convert into other conformations even when heated up to 200 °C. Meanwhile, enantiomerically pure PPD also exhibits an excellent resistance to thermally induced racemization, which makes it a promising candidate for various applications in chiral material science.
A Multi‐Doped Electrocatalyst for Efficient Hydrazine Oxidation
Authors: Ojha Kasinath , Farber Eliyahu M. , Burshtein Tomer Y. , Eisenberg David
Published: November 2018

We report an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxidation of hydrazine, a promising fuel for fuel cells and an important analyte for health and environmental monitoring. To design this material, we emulated natural nitrogen‐cycle enzymes, focusing on designing a cooperative, multi‐doped active site. The catalytic oxidation occurs on Fe2MoC nanoparticles and on edge‐positioned nitrogen dopants, all well‐dispersed on a hierarchically porous, graphitic carbon matrix that provides active site exposure to mass‐transfer and charge flow. The new catalyst is the first carbide with HzOR activity. It operates at the most negative onset potentials reported for carbon‐based HzOR catalysts at pH 14 (0.28 V vs. RHE), and has good‐to‐excellent activity at pH values down to 0. It shows high faradaic efficiency for oxidation to N2 (3.6 e−/N2H4), and is perfectly stable for at least 2000 cycles.
Photocatalysis Enables Visible‐Light Uncaging of Bioactive Molecules in Live Cells
Authors: Wang Haoyan , Li Wei‐Guang , Zeng Kaixing , Wu Yan‐Jiao , Zhang Yixin , Xu Tian‐Le , Chen Yiyun
Published: November 2018

The photo‐manipulation of bioactive molecules provides unique advantages due to the high temporal and spatial precision of light. The first visible‐light uncaging reaction by photocatalytic deboronative hydroxylation in live cells is now demonstrated. Using Fluorescein and Rhodamine derivatives as photocatalysts and ascorbates as reductants, transient hydrogen peroxides were generated from molecular oxygen to uncage phenol, alcohol, and amine functional groups on bioactive molecules in bacteria and mammalian cells, including neurons. This effective visible‐light uncaging reaction enabled the light‐inducible protein expression, the photo‐manipulation of membrane potentials, and the subcellular‐specific photo‐release of small molecules.
Efficient Light‐Harvesting Systems with Tunable Emission through Controlled Precipitation in Confined Nanospace
Authors: Li Chuanqi , Zhang Jing , Zhang Shiyong , Zhao Yan
Published: November 2018

Light harvesting is a key step in photosynthesis but creation of synthetic light‐harvesting systems (LHSs) with high efficiencies has been challenging. When donor and acceptor dyes with aggregation‐induced emission were trapped within the interior of cross‐linked reverse vesicles, LHSs were obtained readily through spontaneous hydrophobically driven aggregation of the dyes in water. Aggregation in the confined nanospace was critical to the energy transfer and the light‐harvesting efficiency. The efficiency of the excitation energy transfer (EET) reached 95 % at a donor/acceptor ratio of 100:1 and the energy transfer was clearly visible even at a donor/acceptor ratio of 10 000:1. Multicolor emission was achieved simply by tuning the donor/acceptor feed ratio in the preparation and the quantum yield of white light emission from the system was 0.38, the highest reported for organic materials in water to date.
Holding Eternity in One's Hand: First Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction and Printing of the Heart from 2700 Years‐Old Egyptian Mummy
Authors: Olszewski Raphael , Tilleux Caroline , Hastir Jean‐Philippe , Delvaux Luc , Danse Etienne
Published: November 2018

The heart in ancient Egyptian mummification procedure is the central organ that should stay in place in the chest and waiting for the afterlife judgment. Here, we show the first case of three‐dimensional (3D) CT scan reconstruction of a mummified heart from a person embalmed in Egypt around 2,700 years ago, and present a 3D printing of the same heart using a low‐cost yet accurate 3D printer. A multi‐slice computed tomography scanner was used to scan the mummy. We applied the following radiological protocol: 80 keV and 140 keV, 140 mAs, with a slice thickness of 0.9 mm. The mummified heart and ascending aorta were extracted with semi‐automatic segmentation. We used a low‐cost 3D printer (Up plus 2) using fusion deposition modeling technology. The 3D printed model was then painted with acrylic paint to color code structures of interest. The 3D CT multi‐resolution imaging allows us to identify the gross anatomy of the heart, the ascending aorta, the pulmonary arteries, and the presence of multiple atherosclerosis lesions. Using 3D printed model we recognized upper auricle, vein cave inferior, and the two coronary arteries. The brachiocephalic artery, common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery were clearly cut to dissociate the heart from surrounding tissues. This multi‐3D approach allows for a better understanding of complex and distorted anatomy of the mummified heart, of paleopathology (arteriosclerosis), and of mummification techniques. Anat Rec, 302:912–916, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multidetector Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Lungs in the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)
Authors: Ricciardi Mario , Franchini Delia , Valastro Carmela , Ciccarelli Stefano , Caprio Francesco , Eyad Assad Abu , Di Bello Antonio
Published: November 2018

Multidetector computed tomographic (CT) anatomy was used to evaluate the lungs of 10 loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) without pulmonary disease, in order to provide a baseline of turtle lung anatomy by CT imaging. In all patients, in this retrospective anatomic study, the CT datasets were carefully evaluated for assessment of the bronchial tree morphology and branching pattern, of the arborization pattern of pulmonary arteries and veins and of the bronchoarterial–bronchovenous diameter ratios. Imaging anatomy was compared with previous published data based on dissection and microscopic anatomy. With the increasing availability of advanced imaging tools for wildlife animal patients, a detailed CT anatomy background is required to decipher correctly the pathologic respiratory conditions of sea turtles. Anat Rec, 302:1658–1665, 2019. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy
Cellular Composition and Proliferation Levels in the Hematopoietic Tissue of Black Scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus L.) Head Kidney and Spleen During the Spawning and Wintering Periods
Authors: Andreyeva Aleksandra Y. , Kukhareva Tatiana A. , Soldatov Alexander A.
Published: November 2018

To identify cells and analyze proliferative activity of hematopoietic tissue, black scorpionfish head kidney and spleen cells were characterized by light microscopy and flow cytometry. Hematopoiesis of black scorpionfish head kidney was formed by the following series: erythropoietic, granulopoietic, lymphopoietic, and thrombopoietic. Flow cytometric analysis allowed dividing blood cells in hematopoietic organs into subpopulations differing by size, granularity, and proliferative activity. Three distinct subpopulations were observed during the wintering period. The number of small low‐granulated cells, identified as lymphocytes and thrombocytes, was 41% ± 4% in both wintering and spawning fish. Proliferating subpopulation of blast (high‐granulated) cells amounted to about 36% of the total cell count with 50% ± 5% of proliferating cells; the largest low‐granulated cells (10% of total cells) comprised maturing white blood cells, monocytes, and macrophages. The spawning period was accompanied with an increase of maturing neutrophils and enhancement of blast cell proliferation. In the spleen three distinct subpopulations were observed. The subpopulation of small low‐granulated cells comprised lymphocytes and thrombocytes similar to the head kidney and amounted 33% ± 4%. Other cells with larger diameter were identified as red blood cells. No proliferation was observed during the wintering period in the spleen, however, spawning induced cell proliferation of erythroblasts (small granulated cells) with the number of dividing cells 84% ± 1%. Anat Rec, 302:1136–1143, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Autoantibodies Against CD74 in Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Riechers Elke , Baerlecken Niklas , Baraliakos Xenofon , Achilles‐Mehr Bakhsh Katrin , Aries Peer , Bannert Bettina , Becker Klaus , Brandt‐Jürgens Jan , Braun Jürgen , Ehrenstein Boris , Euler Hans‐Hartwig , Fleck Martin , Hein Reinhard , Karberg Kirsten , Köhler Lars , Matthias Torsten , Max Regina , Melzer Adelheid , Meyer‐Olson Dirk , Rech Jürgen , Rockwitz Karin , Rudwaleit Martin , Schmidt Reinhold E. , Schweikhard Eva , Sieper Joachim , Stille Carsten , von Hinüber Ulrich , Wagener Peter , Weidemann Heike‐Franziska , Zinke Silke , Witte Torsten
Published: November 2018

Objective

Autoantibodies against CD74 (anti‐CD74) are associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The present multicenter study, the International Spondyloarthritis Autoantibody (InterSpA) trial, was undertaken to compare the sensitivity and specificity of anti‐CD74 and HLA–B27 in identifying patients with nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods

Patients ages 18–45 years with inflammatory back pain of ≤2 years’ duration and a clinical suspicion of axSpA were recruited. HLA–B27 genotyping and magnetic resonance imaging of sacroiliac joints were performed in all patients. One hundred forty‐nine patients with chronic inflammatory back pain (IBP) not caused by axSpA served as controls, and additional controls included 50 AS patients and 100 blood donors whose specimens were analyzed.

Results

One hundred patients with inflammatory back pain received a diagnosis of nonradiographic axSpA from the investigators and fulfilled the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria. The mean age was 29 years, and the mean symptom duration was 12.5 months. The sensitivity of IgA anti‐CD74 and IgG anti‐CD74 for identifying the 100 axSpA patients was 47% and 17%, respectively. The specificity of both IgA anti‐CD74 and IgG anti‐CD74 was 95.3%. The sensitivity of HLA–B27 was 81%. The positive likelihood ratios were 10.0 (IgA anti‐CD74), 3.6 (IgG anti‐CD74), and 8.1 (HLA–B27). Assuming a 5% pretest probability of axSpA in chronic back pain patients, the posttest probability, after consideration of the respective positive test results, was 33.3% for IgA anti‐CD74, 15.3% for IgG anti‐CD74, and 28.8% for HLA–B27. A combination of IgA anti‐CD74 and HLA–B27 results in a posttest probability of 80.2%.

Conclusion

IgA anti‐CD74 may be a useful tool for identifying axSpA. The diagnostic value of the test in daily practice requires further confirmation.
Metallochaperone function of the self‐subunit swapping chaperone involved in the maturation of subunit‐fused cobalt‐type nitrile hydratase
Authors: Xia Yuanyuan , Peplowski Lukasz , Cheng Zhongyi , Wang Tianyi , Liu Zhongmei , Cui Wenjing , Kobayashi Michihiko , Zhou Zhemin
Published: November 2018

The transition metal (iron or cobalt) is a mandatory part that constitutes the catalytic center of nitrile hydratase (NHase). The incorporation of the cobalt ion into cobalt‐containing NHase (Co‐NHase) was reported to depend on self‐subunit swapping and the activator of the Co‐NHase acts as a self‐subunit swapping chaperone for subunit exchange. Here we discovered that the activator acting as a metallochaperone transferred the cobalt ion into subunit‐fused Co‐NHase. We successfully isolated two activators, P14K and NhlE, which were the activators of NHases from Pseudomonas putida NRRL‐18668 and the activator of low‐molecular‐mass NHase from
Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1, respectively. Cobalt content determination demonstrated that NhlE and P14K were two cobalt‐containing proteins. Substitution of the amino acids involved in the C‐terminus of the activators affected the activity of the two NHases, indicating that the potential cobalt‐binding sites might be located at the flexible C‐terminal region. The cobalt‐free NHases could be activated by either of the two activators, and both the two activators activated their cognate NHase more efficiently than did the noncognate ones. This study provided insights into the maturation of subunit‐fused NHases and confirmed the metallochaperone function of the self‐subunit swapping chaperone.