bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies in the Design and Development of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Authors: Vanangamudi Murugesan , Palaniappan Senthilkumar , Kathiravan Muthu Kumaradoss , Namasivayam Vigneshwaran
Published: September 2023

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To date, thousands of people have lost their lives annually due to HIV infection, and it continues to be a big public health issue globally. Since the discovery of the first drug, Zidovudine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), to date, 30 drugs have been approved by the FDA, primarily targeting reverse transcriptase, integrase, and/or protease enzymes. The majority of these drugs target the catalytic and allosteric sites of the HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase. Compared to the NRTI family of drugs, the diverse chemical class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has special anti-HIV activity with high specificity and low toxicity. However, current clinical usage of NRTI and NNRTI drugs has limited therapeutic value due to their adverse drug reactions and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. To overcome drug resistance and efficacy issues, combination therapy is widely prescribed for HIV patients. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) includes more than one antiretroviral agent targeting two or more enzymes in the life cycle of the virus. Medicinal chemistry researchers apply different optimization strategies including structure- and fragment-based drug design, prodrug approach, scaffold hopping, molecular/fragment hybridization, bioisosterism, high-throughput screening, covalent-binding, targeting highly hydrophobic channel, targeting dual site, and multi-target-directed ligand to identify and develop novel NNRTIs with high antiviral activity against wild-type (WT) and mutant strains. The formulation experts design various delivery systems with single or combination therapies and long-acting regimens of NNRTIs to improve pharmacokinetic profiles and provide sustained therapeutic effects.
The Hypersensitive Response to Plant Viruses
Authors: Piau Maïlys , Schmitt-Keichinger Corinne
Published: September 2023

Plant proteins with domains rich in leucine repeats play important roles in detecting pathogens and triggering defense reactions, both at the cellular surface for pattern-triggered immunity and in the cell to ensure effector-triggered immunity. As intracellular parasites, viruses are mostly detected intracellularly by proteins with a nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeats but receptor-like kinases with leucine-rich repeats, known to localize at the cell surface, have also been involved in response to viruses. In the present review we report on the progress that has been achieved in the last decade on the role of these leucine-rich proteins in antiviral immunity, with a special focus on our current understanding of the hypersensitive response.
The Impact of Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine on Disease Severity in the US: A Stochastic Model
Authors: Pelton Stephen I. , Mould-Quevedo Joaquin F. , Nguyen Van Hung
Published: September 2023

Influenza can exacerbate underlying medical conditions. In this study, we modelled the potential impact of an egg-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVe) or adjuvanted QIV (aQIV) on hospitalizations and mortality from influenza-related cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory, and other complications in adults ≥65 years of age in the US with underlying chronic conditions. We used a stochastic decision-tree model, with 1000 simulations varying input across predicted ranges. Due to the variable nature of influenza across seasons and differences in published estimates for input parameters, data are presented as 95% confidence intervals. Compared with no vaccination, use of aQIV would prevent 135,450–564,360 hospitalizations and 1612–29,226 deaths across outcomes evaluated. Overall, aQIV prevented 1071–18,388 more hospitalizations and 85–1944 more deaths than QIVe. By routine seasonal vaccination against influenza, a substantial number of severe influenza-associated complications and deaths, caused by direct influenza symptoms or by exacerbation of chronic conditions, can be prevented in high-risk adults ≥65 years of age in the US.
Determinants of Anti-S Immune Response at 12 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in a Multicentric European Cohort of Healthcare Workers—ORCHESTRA Project
Authors: Leomanni Ludovica , Collatuzzo Giulia , Sansone Emanuele , Sala Emma , De Palma Giuseppe , Porru Stefano , Spiteri Gianluca , Monaco Maria Grazia Lourdes , Basso Daniela , Pavanello Sofia , Scapellato Maria Luisa , Larese Filon Francesca , Cegolon Luca , Mauro Marcella , Lodi Vittorio , Lazzarotto Tiziana , Noreña Ivan , Reinkemeyer Christina , Giang Le Thi Thu , Fabiánová Eleonóra , Strhársky Jozef , Dell’Omo Marco , Murgia Nicola , Carrasco-Ribelles Lucía A. , Violán Concepción , Mates Dana , Rascu Agripina , Vimercati Luigi , De Maria Luigi , Asafo Shuffield S. , Ditano Giorgia , Abedini Mahsa , Boffetta Paolo
Published: September 2023

Background: The effectiveness of the immunity provided by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is an important public health issue. We analyzed the determinants of 12-month serology in a multicenter European cohort of vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW). Methods: We analyzed the sociodemographic characteristics and levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (IgG) in a cohort of 16,101 vaccinated HCW from eleven centers in Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia and Spain. Considering the skewness of the distribution, the serological levels were transformed using log or cubic standardization and normalized by dividing them by center-specific standard errors. We fitted center-specific multivariate regression models to estimate the cohort-specific relative risks (RR) of an increase of one standard deviation of log or cubic antibody level and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for different factors and combined them in random-effects meta-analyses. Results: We included 16,101 HCW in the analysis. A high antibody level was positively associated with age (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00–1.08 per 10-year increase), previous infection (RR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.29–2.45) and use of Spikevax [Moderna] with combinations compared to Comirnaty [BioNTech/Pfizer] (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.97–1.19) and was negatively associated with the time since last vaccine (RR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91–0.98 per 30-day increase). Conclusions: These results provide insight about vaccine-induced immunity to SARS-CoV-2, an analysis of its determinants and quantification of the antibody decay trend with time since vaccination.
Redox Behavior of Chromium in the Reduction, Coagulation, and Biotic Filtration (RCbF) Drinking Water Treatment—A Pilot Study
Authors: Mahringer Daniel , Zerelli Sami S. , Ruhl Aki S.
Published: September 2023

The chromium (Cr) limit values are currently tightened to 25 μg L−1 (EU), 5 μg L−1 (Germany), and possibly 10 μg L−1 Cr(VI) (California). The combined process of chemical reduction, coagulation, and biotic filtration (RCbF) efficiently removes Cr(VI) in drinking water. In this study, redox-active substances (O2, NO3−, Fe2+, MnO2) were investigated concerning their effect on the RCbF process. The experiments were performed at two-stage pilot waterworks for biological iron and manganese removal. O2 or NO3− as oxidants affected the RCbF process, neither by consumption of the reductant Fe(II) nor by re-oxidation of already formed Cr(III) in the supernatant of the filter bed. However, the oxidation of Cr(III) by O2 to Cr(VI) with MnO2 as a mediator was identified as potential risk for Cr breakthrough. Up to one third of the initial Cr(III) concentration was oxidized to Cr(VI) in the second filter bed within a contact time of only 5 min. The kinetically relevant mechanism seemed to be the formation of Cr(III)Fe(III)-hydroxides and not the reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(II). Further, the mixing of Cr(VI) containing raw water with Fe(II) containing groundwater was determined as a chemical-free alternative for the RCbF process, depending on the resulting Fe(II) concentration after mixing.
A Proposed Method for Calculating the Rainfall Threshold Based on the Multi-Method to Provide Heavy Rain Disaster Impact Information
Authors: Kang Dong Ho , Nam Dong Ho , Song Young Seok , Kim Byung Sik
Published: September 2023

Recently, Korea has been affected by various disasters caused by climate change and the resulting changes in weather, which have been taking an increasing toll on the country. A review of weather phenomena and their socioeconomic impact identified weather disasters as one of the most damaging categories of disasters. As such, this study suggests a method for calculating the rainfall threshold to predict the impact of heavy rain. In order to calculate the rainfall threshold based on the multi-method, the entire territory of South Korea was divided into 1 km by 1 km grids, and a method for calculating the rainfall threshold was proposed by grouping them into four categories: standard watershed, urban areas, rivers, and inundation traces. This study attempted to verify the results of the rainfall threshold in standard watersheds and urban areas. The results were verified using the data from events during the heavy rain in Seoul in 2022 and 2018, the heavy rain in Busan in 2020, and Typhoon Mitag in October 2019. As a result of the verification and calculation, a rainfall threshold was found on the grid where the actual flooding damage occurred in Busan, where heavy rain caused a large amount of urban flooding in July 2020. The application of the rainfall threshold on the grid caused enough damage to flood vehicles. After this application, it was found that flooding of more than 0.2 m affected vehicles. During early September in the Gangneung grid, flooding damage was caused by Typhoon Haishen, which affected traffic. In this damaged grid, it was also found that flooding of more than 0.2 m occurred according to the rainfall impact limit. In this study, since there were no quantitative data, verification was performed using qualitative data such as news and SNS. Therefore, quantitative verification methods using flooding sensors and CCTVs need to be carried out in the future. After verification using qualitative data, we found that the time when the actual flooding damage occurred and the flooding patterns were well ascertained. The rainfall threshold calculation method and the rainfall prediction information developed in this study are expected to be applicable to impact forecasting, which can provide people affected by heavy rainfall with information on how the rainfall will affect them, as well as simple rainfall forecasts.
Study on Flow Characteristics of Francis Turbine Based on Large-Eddy Simulation
Authors: Xu Tianyu , Cheng Quanjie , Lin Changjiang , Yu Qiuyue , Hu Xiucheng
Published: September 2023

The research object was a Francis turbine, and the working conditions at 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 1% opening were determined by the opening size of the guide vane. Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) was adopted as a turbulence model method to conduct three-dimensional unsteady turbulent numerical simulation of the entire flow channel of a Francis turbine, and the flow situation of various parts of the turbine under different working conditions was obtained. The flow characteristics of each component under different working conditions were analyzed, and the hydraulic performance of each part was evaluated. The factors that affected the stability of hydraulic turbines were identified, and their formation mechanisms and evolution laws were explored. The results show that the guide vane placement angle was reasonable in the guide vane area, and the hydraulic performance was fine. The impact on the stability of the hydraulic turbine was small. Further research showed that the hydraulic performance was poor in the runner area, and there were flow separation and detachment phenomena in the flow field. This created a channel vortex in the runner blade channel. The channel vortex promoted the lateral flow of water and had a significant impact on the stability of the hydraulic turbine. The diffusion section of the draft tube can dissipate most of the kinetic energy of the water flow in the draft tube area, and it had a good energy dissipation effect. However, the was a large pressure difference between the upper and lower regions of the diffusion section, and it generated a backflow phenomenon. It created vortex structures in the draft tube, and the stability of the hydraulic turbine was greatly affected.
Technical–Economic Evaluation of Water Reuse at the WWTP El Salitre (Bogotá, Colombia): Example of Circular Economy
Authors: Urrea Vivas Michelle A. , Seguí-Amórtegui Luis , Tomás Pérez Cristina , Guerrero-García Rojas Hilda
Published: September 2023

Water resource management should be conducted from a multidisciplinary perspective. In this sense, the objective of this work is to analyze, from the perspective of the circular economy, the technical–economic feasibility of implementing different alternatives for the regeneration of wastewater for its subsequent reuse in industrial and sports companies located in Bogotá, Colombia. The development of the methodology is carried out through the method of economic cost–benefit analysis (ACB) and the technique of net present value (NPV). These methodologies facilitate decision making based on the economic feasibility of recovering the initial investment costs and the operating costs during the useful life of the WWTP. Establishing the cost and price of reclaimed water is essential to the efficient management of water resources; so far, the studies carried out only focus on the economic viability of the internal costs of the system, while the private impacts and the externalities are excluded and relegated to unsubstantiated statements about the advantages of water reuse. The economic feasibility incorporating the analysis of externalities presents a total profit that ranges between 6.52 EUR/m3 for the industrial sector and 2503 EUR/m3 for the irrigation of golf courses. This analysis demonstrates the technical and economic feasibility of carrying out a circular economy where the water already used returns as a new source of supply.
Effect of Hydraulic Loading Rate on Treatment Performance of a Pilot Wetland Roof Treating Greywater from a Household
Authors: Rahman Khaja Zillur , Chen Xiaoyan , Blumberg Michael , Bernhard Katy , Müller Roland A. , Mackenzie Katrin , Trabitzsch Ralf , Moeller Lucie
Published: September 2023

To solve the upcoming environmental problems, sponge city concepts as well as new technologies are being developed these days. One of the future challenges is to reduce drinking water demand by using decentralized water recycling systems. This study aimed to investigate the performance of a specially designed pilot wetland roof (PWR) treating domestic greywater (GW) at ground level under outdoor conditions and to evaluate the effects of different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) for a period of two years. The results showed highly efficient removal of typical greywater pollutants from the system, e.g., five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) > 96%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) > 93%, total suspended solids (TSS) >94%, anionic surfactants (AS) > 94%, ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) > 84%, total nitrogen (TN) > 71%, total phosphorous (TP) > 87%, and E. coli (1.86 ± 1.54 log-removal). The mean concentrations of the targeted parameters at the outflow were in compliance with the requirements for discharge to the environment and met reclaimed water quality standards for agricultural irrigation, except for E. coli. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) results of pollutant mass removal rate across different HLRs indicated the potential effect of HLR on treatment performance, and HLR in a range of 67–80 L m–2 d–1 contributed to a higher removal efficiency without compromising the limit values. A comparatively low HLR of 45 L m–2 d–1 should be applicable if pathogen removal is the most important requirement. Plant species showed good plant vitality and adapted well to the water storage mat. The higher the mean ambient air temperature, the greater runoff reduction (>50%) was observed due to high evapotranspiration. The results showed the system is a promising green technology for GW recycling and can be scaled up for application to urban buildings.
Fundamental Characteristics of Wind Loading on Vaulted-Free Roofs
Authors: Ding Wei , Uematsu Yasushi , Wen Lizhi
Published: September 2023

The present paper investigates the fundamental characteristics of wind loading on vaulted (cylindrical) free roofs based on a wind tunnel experiment and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). In the wind tunnel experiment, wind pressures at many points, both on the top and bottom surfaces of rigid roof models, were measured in a turbulent boundary layer. The wind tunnel models, including the tubing system installed in the roof and columns, were made using a 3D printer, which made the roof thickness as small as 2 mm, whereas the span B was 150 mm and the length L ranged from 150 to 450 mm. The rise-to-span ratio f/B ranged from 0.1 to 0.4. Pressure taps were installed along the center arc and an arc near the roof edge (verge) of an instrumented model with a length-to-span ratio of L/B = 1. The value of L/B of the tested models was changed from 1 to 3 using one or two dummy models, which had the same configuration as that of the instrumented model but no pressure taps. The wind direction θ was changed from 0° (perpendicular to the eaves) to ±90° (parallel to the eaves). The CFD simulation was carried out only for limited cases, that is, f/B = 0.1 and 0.4 and θ = 0° and 45°, considering the computational time. The effects of f/B, L/B, and θ on the mean (time-averaged) and fluctuating wind pressures acting on the roofs were investigated. In particular, the flow mechanism generating large wind forces on the roof was discussed. An empirical formula was provided for the distribution of mean wind force coefficients along the center arc (Line C) at θ = 0° and 30° and along the edge arc (Line E) at θ = 40° for each f/B ratio. Note that these wind directions provided the maximum and minimum mean wind force coefficients within all wind directions for Lines C and E. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum peak wind force coefficients on the two arcs were presented. The effect of turbulence intensity of approach flow on the maximum and minimum peak wind force coefficients was investigated. The experimental results were compared with those estimated using a peak factor approach, which showed a relatively good agreement between them. The data presented here can be used to guide the design of the main wind force-resisting systems and the cladding/components of vaulted-free roofs.
The Halloween Party
Authors:   , Miller Pippi
Published: September 2023

My studio project, the final exhibition for which will also be named The Halloween Party, is a mix of individual works and a picture-book. The individual works consist of oil paintings on canvas, and gouache paintings on paper. The oil paintings deal with the figurative, although there are abstract moments to be found within them. Whether or not the figure is present, the paintings are at heart about people. Their more obviously perceivable subjects, however, move between the domestic, portraiture, and the outside environment. The individual gouache works are painted in an illustrative style, a way of painting that is suited to gouache. While they deal with the figurative, are not as realistic as the oil works. Their subject is also people, but those people are portrayed in much more fantastical ways. Both the gouache and oil paintings are accompanied by words, which are written like captions under the image. The words direct and alter the meaning of the image. My picture-book will be scanned and put together into a functional book for the final exhibition. However, each individual image (or page) is hand-painted gouache onto paper, much like the gouache individual images. Similar again to the gouache individual images, the style of the paintings leans to the illustrative, but like the oil works, abstract moments can be found within the figurative. The colour-palette of the picture book tends more toward bright, bold colours than my individual works. The picture-book follows a girl named Clarisse, as she collects objects she finds fascinating, and attempts to show them to her parents, who are both blithely busy with their work. Hurt, Clarisse runs away, but gets cold and lonely, so eventually goes back home, where her parents have not noticed her running away, but have made her a delicious dinner. The book investigates the magic of childhood, as well as the feelings of sadness, hurt, and loneliness often a part of being a child. It examines the imperfect nature of parenting, and how gestures of love can so often be missed or misunderstood by those they are intended for. As a whole, my studio project is about love, small moments that are actually big, and paint.
Using AI to Create Content Designed for Marketing Communications
Authors: Murár Peter , Kubovics Michal
Published: September 2023

Innovation is a key success factor in every industry, including marketing communications. One of the most significant innovations in marketing is use of artificial intelligence (AI). Without a doubt, it has tremendous potential to become an essential content creation tool for marketing communications. In recent years, several AI-based tools have been created that simplify the content creation process in various ways. We are witnessing an enormous increase in these services and a significant increase in their quality. This qualifies them for use to a much greater extent than before. It is obvious that these tools will become key tools for marketers and related professions in the near future. Experience from the past months reveals that AI-based tools can significantly speed up content creation and increase its relevance by using optimal vocabulary, stylistics, or - in the case of image generators - visuals. The presented work analyzes the current state of using AI in marketing communication, through the possibilities and challenges related to it. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the possibilities of using AI in the creation of content. AI can automate some tasks, such as data analysis and information processing, freeing marketers to focus on other important tasks. The advantages of AI in the creation of marketing communication content can be speed and relevance, personalisation but also objectivity. AI in the creation of content may encounter a lack of creativity, lack of emotion and empathy. AI cannot fully understand the context in which the content is to be used, which can lead to the creation of inappropriate or ineffective content. Different types of AI tools usable in marketing communication. AI can assist in various stages of the content creation process, such as generating ideas, creating a story, personalising content. AI can use target group data such as interests, purchasing behavior, demographic information. This article discusses a contribution to research that uses qualitative and quantitative scientific methods to analyse the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in marketing and marketing communications. It highlights the uses of AI in marketing and identifies a list of selected AI tools that are considered advantageous in different areas of marketing. The conclusions of this work should provide important guidance for further research and application of AI in marketing communication, which could significantly contribute to the development of the entire mentioned field.
Metodología de la investigación social
Authors: Vestfrid Pamela , Tosi Ana Clara , Albarracín Paula , Domínguez Natalia , Leopardi Tomás
Published: September 2023

Cuaderno de estudios de la materia Metodología de la investigación social, de la Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social (UNLP).
Impact of Local Meteorological Conditions on Aerosol Particle Properties
Authors:   , Kesti Jutta
Published: September 2023

Aerosol particles play an important role in the atmosphere. They can affect climate directly by scattering or absorbing solar radiation. They can also modify climate indirectly by acting as seeds in cloud droplet formation, and therefore further modify cloud properties such as their lifetime. A change in cloud lifetime further affects cloudiness and rainfall patterns on the Earth. The climate effects of aerosols depend on their properties, such as particle size and chemical composition. Black carbon is a highly light-absorbing aerosol, as an example. Thus, it is important to know how these aerosol particle properties are changing in the air in different conditions. The aims of this thesis are to better understand how the meteorological conditions during small- and large-scale transport affect aerosol particle properties from various sources and how the properties are changing in different boundary layer conditions. In this thesis, effects of local meteorological conditions on aerosol particle properties and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration were investigated in the United Arab Emirates. The combination of surface aerosol particle measurements and boundary layer profiling enabled to identify periods when pollution from remote sources was mixed down to the surface. It also enabled to determine that the primary source of black carbon containing aerosol was local, whereas remote sources were responsible for SO2. Impacts of precipitation on aerosol particle number size distributions in the Maldives were also studied in the thesis. During the south-west monsoon season, precipitation efficiently removed accumulation mode aerosol particles. The number of nucleation mode aerosol particles remained similar or slightly increased in air masses with higher accumulated precipitation. It was observed that the aerosol particle number concentration had increased between two measurement periods with a 10-year gap in between. Simultaneous increase is observed in aerosol optical depth (AOD) from long-term satellite observations, and the increase is also partly explained by environmental factors, such as changes in precipitation or air flow patterns. The results of this thesis underline the importance of long-term measurements to detect the changes in the aerosol particle properties and track the responsible factors for the changes. The thesis also shows the added value of combining comprehensive surface aerosol particle measurements with boundary layer profiling.
IMPLEMENTASI SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) DALAM PENERAPAN PEMBANGUNAN APLIKASI PERANGKAT LUNAK
Authors: Dwanoko Yoyok Seby
Published: September 2023

Membangun sebuah aplikasi perangkat lunak diperlukan beberapa tahapan yang harus dilalui mulai dari tahapan persiapan analisa program sampai dengan perawatan perangkat lunak yang sudah dibuat. Sering sekali permasalahan dalam pembuatan perangkat lunak tidak mengikuti suatu metode atau langkah-langkah dalam membuat aplikasi perangkat lunak yang akan menjadi sebuah produk gagal atau biasanya disebut software crisis. Untuk menghindari software crisis diperlukan sebuah metode untuk mengarahkan pembangunan perngkat lunak, metode tersubut yaitu Software Development live cycle atau bisa disebut SDLC. Metode ini mepresentasikan tahapan pembuatan aplikasi perangkat lunak mulai dari tahapan analisis, desain, kontruksi, implementasi, testing, perawatan sistem. Dalam penelitian ini menerapkan metode SDLC pada masing-masing tahapan dengan mengunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML) yang akan menghasilkan sebuah Software Requirement Specification (SRS) atau bisa dikenal Spesifikasi Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak(SPKL). Kata Kunci: Tahapan SDLC, UML, SRS.
Acculturation challenges that confront Sudanese former refugees in Australia
Authors: Hebbani Aparna Girish , Obijiofor Levi , Bristed Helen
Published: September 2023

This study investigated acculturation challenges that Sudanese former refugees faced as a consequence of settling in South-East Queensland, Australia.  A total of 28 females and 11 males participated in focus groups. The findings indicate that both women and men face acculturation issues relating to successful settlement.  The women were particularly challenged by low English language proficiency and parenting issues, while the men faced challenges to their traditional gender role within the family, as breadwinner, and their role outside the home - at work and in the public sphere.  Thus, the research offers important insights into acculturation issues faced by both genders
Exploring Communication Competence and Psychological Health: A Study of Cross-cultural Adaptation among Young Korean Immigrants (1.5ers) in the U.S.
Authors: Kim Yang-Soo
Published: September 2023

The present study examines the communication experiences of young Korean immigrants and their psychological adjustment in the United States.
Y. Y. Kim’s (1988, 2001) Cross-cultural Adaptation Theory provides the basis for offering an explanation of the theoretical linkage between host communication competence, host/ethnic interpersonal communication, host/ethnic mass communication and psychological adjustment in the United States. A self-reported structured survey questionnaire was collected from 81 young Korean immigrants. The results show that key research variables are significantly related to the psychological adjustment of young Korean immigrants. The findingsof this study have theoretical implication that communication is at the heart of successful adaptation experiences among young immigrants. The practical implication is also discussed.
Teaching Intercultural Communication through Service Learning
Authors: Yook Eunkyong
Published: September 2023

Interest in service learning has increased in past years because of more accumulated knowledge about its beneficial outcomes to participants and to society. The purpose of this paper is to describe one case of a service learning project with positive outcomes. Service learning was chosen as an assignment for an intercultural course at ___ University. A total of 97 responses were collected from students over two semesters. A content analysis of student reflections was conducted for themes concerning students’ perceptions of learning outcomes of the project. Five major themes emerged. The self-reported themes were in the following order of frequency, from the highest to the lowest level; 1) enhancement of volunteering students’ ability to apply communication concepts, 2) enhancement of volunteering students’ ability to make a difference and to impact others’ lives in a positive way, 3) enhancement of volunteering students’ ability to build bridges with the local community, 4) enhancement of volunteering students’ ability to apply intercultural communication concepts, and 5) enhancement of volunteering students’ ability to understand themselves and the similarities and disparities of the human condition. Sample student comments best illustrating those themes are included. A discussion of the learning outcomes and suggestions for students who wish to take service learning courses follow.
Empowerment of Citizens in a Multicultural Society
Authors: Songe-Møller Anna S. , Bjerkestrand Karin Brunvathne
Published: September 2023

This article is based on the project: Empowerment of Citizens in aMulticultural Society. We wanted to explore theatre as intercultural communication related to the challenges faced by our diverse society. Drama students and immigrants worked together based on Augusto Boal`s “Theatre of the Oppressed”. They participated as actors in “Forum Theatre” where they staged their own experiences with oppression. Through the medium of “Solidarity Forum Theatre Performance” (SFT) the spectators were invited to discuss and find solutions to oppression in a multicultural society. The spectators took on the main role in Forum Theatre as spect-actors, and through acting they explored different strategies to challenge oppression. The key question is: What potential do phases six and seven in Solidarity Forum Theatre have to empower immigrants and drama students as citizens in a multicultural society?
Intercultural Attitudes of Turkish Students Studying in a UK University
Authors: Karakaş Ali
Published: September 2023

The study aimed at identifying intercultural attitudes of Turkish students enrolled in the University of Southampton, in the UK, towards both host and other cultures. The data were elicited through a questionnaire consisting of two parts. Data were analyzed through statistical package software called SPSS. Descriptive statistics i.e. mean scores; standard deviations and percentages were utilized in the presentation of the results. The results were introducedby quantitative analysis and qualitative interpretations. The findings demonstrated that Turkish students held confounding attitudes depending on various factors and engaged in multifarious interactions with their British and non-British friends.
Modelo de Ciencia de Datos para predecir ventas en una Empresa
Authors: López Vázquez Luisa , Cadena Martínez Rodrigo
Published: September 2023

En este trabajo de investigación se realizará un modelo de predicción mediante algoritmos de ciencia de datos, que le permita a una empresa del sector de bienes raíces tener una predicción de sus ventas, tomando como base el historial de años anteriores; lo cual permitirá a los directivos y asesores inmobiliarios conocer los meses en los que se venden más inmuebles. Se trabajará con la metodología CRISP-DM la cual permitirá hacer ajustes fácilmente en los cambios que surgen en el desarrollo del proyecto. Posteriormente se identificarán las fuentes de datos de la inmobiliaria, se realizará un análisis de los mismos para clasificarlos en datos estructurados y no estructurados. Se realizará el diseño de la solución mediante la herramienta Jupyter Notebook utilizando algoritmos de Machine Learning, el tipo de aprendizaje utilizado será supervisado.  El modelo de Ciencia de Datos permitirá a la inmobiliaria conocer las operaciones que más ganancias generan, identificar las características de los inmuebles más vendidos, así como tener el pronóstico de sus ventas futuras.
Qualitative Assessment of the Experiences and Psychosocial Problems of International Students Studying in Türkiye
Authors: ÇİYDEM Emre , TARAVATİ GHARALAR Fatemeh
Published: September 2023

International students may have more difficulties than domestic students from the regions of their home countries. This study aims to qualitatively assess the experiences and psychosocial problems of international students studying in Turkey. The convinience sample of the study in the descriptive phenomenological research design was 50 students. Data were collected using the focus group interview. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA package program according to Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis steps. Participants' experiences and psychosocial problems were divided into 3 themes: Developmental Opportunities, Needs, and Adaptation Problems. It was found that being an international student helps students acquire social capital and identity. It was found that students have needs related to peer mentoring, language learning, socioeconomic opportunities, and the acculturation process. Students were found to have adjustment problems due to culture shock, prejudice, and discrimination. To overcome the difficulties in bureaucratic procedures, it is recommended that commissions for international students be established at the university and departmental levels. In order to facilitate the adaptation of students and improve the quality of education, it is recommended that the language learning period be extended. It is also suggested that scholarship and housing opportunities for Turkish students be extended to international students. It is recommended that universities, faculties, and departments create academic adjustment programmes and printed guides to facilitate the acculturation process of international students. Contact-oriented activities that bring the community, academics, and domestic students together with international students should reduce prejudice and discrimination.
Insulin Preferentially Regulates the Activity of Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons over Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
Authors: Hyun Uisu , Kweon Yoon Young , Sohn Jong-Woo
Published: September 2023

Background: Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates post-prandial physiology, and it is well known that insulin controls homeostasis at least in part via the central nervous system. In particular, insulin alters the activity of neurons within the autonomic nervous system. However, currently available data are mostly from unidentified brainstem neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV).Methods: In this study, we used several genetically engineered mouse models to label distinct populations of neurons within the brainstem and the spinal cord for whole-cell patch clamp recordings and to assess several in vivo metabolic functions.Results: We first confirmed that insulin directly inhibited cholinergic (parasympathetic preganglionic) neurons in the DMV. We also found inhibitory effects of insulin on both the excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents recorded in DMV cholinergic neurons. In addition, GABAergic neurons of the DMV and nucleus tractus solitarius were inhibited by insulin. However, insulin had no effects on the cholinergic sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the spinal cord. Finally, we obtained results suggesting that the insulininduced inhibition of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons may not play a critical role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and gastrointestinal motility.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that insulin inhibits parasympathetic neuronal circuitry in the brainstem, while not affecting sympathetic neuronal activity in the spinal cord.
Estimates of Proton and Electron Heating Rates Extended to the Near-Sun Environment
Authors: Bandyopadhyay R. , Meyer C. M. , Matthaeus W. H. , McComas D. J. , Cranmer S. R. , Halekas J. S. , Huang J. , Larson D. E. , Livi R. , Rahmati A. , Whittlesey P. L. , Stevens M. L. , Kasper J. C. , Bale S. D.
Published: September 2023

A central problem of space plasma physics is how protons and electrons are heated in a turbulent, magnetized plasma. The differential heating of charged species due to dissipation of turbulent fluctuations plays a key role in solar wind evolution. Measurements from previous heliophysics missions have provided estimates of proton and electron heating rates beyond 0.27 au. Using Parker Solar Probe (PSP) data accumulated during the first 10 encounters, we extend the evaluation of the individual rates of heat deposition for protons and electrons to a distance of 0.063 au (13.5 R
⊙) in the newly formed solar wind. The PSP data in the near-Sun environment show different behavior of the electron heat conduction flux from what was predicted from previous fits to Helios and Ulysses data. Consequently, the empirically derived proton and electron heating rates exhibit significantly different behavior than previous reports, with the proton heating becoming increasingly dominant over electron heating at decreasing heliocentric distances. We find that the protons receive about 80% of the total plasma heating at ≈13 R
⊙, slightly higher than the near-Earth values. This empirically derived heating partition between protons and electrons will help to constrain theoretical models of solar wind heating.
Le président « propre » : métaphores politiques de déchets et de propreté
Authors: Bouhlel Maha , Furniss Jamie
Published: September 2023

L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner les déchets comme signifiants politiques en Tunisie à travers deux exemples récents. Le premier est la campagne de Ḥālit waʿī, nom donné à des initiatives de nettoyage et d’embellissement des trottoirs, des parcs et de la voirie dans plusieurs villes de la Tunisie, par lesquelles les supporters de Kaïs Saïed ont célébré l’élection de l’« homme propre » à la tête de leur pays en octobre 2019. Le second est la fermeture de la décharge contrôlée de la deuxième ville du pays, Sfax, en octobre 2021. Cet événement a conduit au non-ramassage des déchets pendant plusieurs mois, à des clashs violents entre riverains et forces de l’ordre, à l’intervention de l’armée et, in fine, à une crise nationale. Les deux incidents se déploient et sont interprétés à travers des registres politiques et patriotiques dans lesquels la notion de l’environnement (en particulier celle de « justice environnementale », qui reste relativement neuve dans le discours public en Tunisie) joue un rôle secondaire. Nous essayons de montrer comment l’amoncellement des ordures est, ainsi, plutôt une sorte de raccourci pour prendre le pouls politique du pays : l’embellissement et l’enlèvement de déchets permettant une mise en scène d’aspirations pour le changement politique, l’accumulation de déchets agissant comme une métaphore pour le dysfonctionnement du système politique. La prégnance de ce système de métaphores politiques autour des déchets et de la propreté est plus large et peut s’appliquer à l’ensemble de la région moyen-orientale.
Comment prévenait-on les naissances avant la contraception moderne ?
Authors: Van de Walle Étienne
Published: September 2023

Les êtres humains se sont mis à limiter les naissances depuis deux siècles seulement. Ils connaissaient pourtant depuis longtemps des méthodes de contraception ou d’avortement, mais ne les utilisaient pas dans la vie courante. Étienne van de Walle nous décrit celles mentionnées dans trois textes d’époques différentes : un ouvrage médical gréco-romain, un texte libertin français du xvii e  siècle et un guide matrimonial américain du xix e  siècle.
Prévenir et guérir dans l’entre-deux-guerres à Suresnes (Hauts-de-Seine)
Authors: Trion Émeline , Deguillaume Marie-Pierre
Published: September 2023

L’industrialisation de la petite couronne parisienne amorcée dès la fin du xixe siècle entraîne des bouleversements démographiques et urbains, particulièrement visibles à Suresnes (act. dép. des Hauts-de-Seine) : la classe ouvrière s’entasse dans les immeubles délabrés et insalubres du centre ancien, alors que le haut de la ville reste inhabité. Au sortir de la Première Guerre mondiale, plusieurs facteurs permettent l’émergence d’une politique urbaine et sociale ambitieuse.La récente législation encourageant la planification urbaine, les projets d’aménagement et d’extension du Grand Paris, ainsi que l’élection du maire Henri Sellier, contribuent à l’aménagement de nouveaux quartiers et à la mise en place d’une parure monumentale dédiée à l’hygiène et aux soins.Une grande variété d’équipements matérialise cette volonté d’accès à l’hygiène pour tous, au moment où les logements de la cité-jardin sont dotés du confort moderne. Ces édifices agissent comme la base arrière d’un vaste système social où les médecins, puéricultrices et infirmières visiteuses se déploient sur le territoire.À l’heure où la quasi-totalité des logements bénéficie de commodités, ces édifices d’avant-garde ont été repensés ou transformés, et leur vocation approfondie ou complètement modifiée.Cet article propose de revenir sur la genèse des équipements médico-sociaux de la période clé que constitue l’entre-deux-guerres et de se pencher, à travers plusieurs exemples emblématiques, sur l’évolution de leur destination.
Une histoire des lieux d’aisances publics à Paris
Authors: Simon Miriam
Published: September 2023

Vespasiennes, chalets de nécessité, lavatories, sanisettes et uritrottoirs, ces équipements qui mettent à la disposition des usagers un service destiné à satisfaire des besoins naturels appartiennent à une histoire de l’hygiène publique, tout comme les égouts, et leur diffusion est concomitante à celle d’une eau abondante. Certains ne subsistent dans l’espace public parisien qu’à titre de vestiges tandis que d’autres y sont des symboles de notre modernité.Cette contribution, principalement fondée sur des recherches aux Archives de Paris, se veut une esquisse qui demande à être poursuivie : après une présentation du contexte sanitaire qui a précédé la création des lieux d’aisances publics à Paris, une chronologie en expose les dispositifs successifs, parmi lesquels la focale porte sur les lavatories et, plus précisément, sur celui de la place de la Madeleine.
L’hygiène dans les établissements agricoles gallo-romains à travers les auteurs antiques et les recherches archéologiques
Authors: Devevey Frédéric
Published: September 2023

Les structures liées à la gestion des eaux (propres comme souillées) jouent un rôle fondamental dans l’organisation générale des établissements ruraux antiques. Lié directement ou non à l’hygiène, ce rôle souvent méconnu a trop longtemps été ignoré par les chercheurs. Si la présence d’installations balnéaires plus ou moins élaborées dans les villae « d’agrément » ou les pars urbana des vastes établissements agricoles des campagnes de Gaule romaine a fait l’objet de nombreuses publications, qu’en est-il des établissements ruraux de taille plus modeste, des fermes, qui ont finalement composé la grande majorité de l’activité agropastorale ?D’après les agronomes antiques, les vertus « hygiéniques » de l’environnement sont déterminées par les données physiques : l’eau, le sol et l’air caractérisent la salubrité d’un lieu, condition sine qua non pour une hygiène générale qui permettra de rendre l’exploitation viable. L’archéologie préventive peut-elle retrouver ces règles dans des établissements ruraux et des petites villae agricoles, fouillées de façon de plus en plus exhaustive ?Comment les exploitants de ces petits domaines géraient-ils leur hygiène, au sens large comme au niveau individuel ? L’archéologie permet-elle de retrouver les traces de mises en application des recommandations des auteurs antiques ? Cet article présente quelques exemples d’établissement gallo-romains fouillés depuis une dizaine d’années sur la bordure orientale de l’agglomération dijonnaise, alors partie prenante du territoire des Lingons. Il vient compléter une synthèse plus générale (à paraître), axée sur l’usage de l’eau dans les exploitations agricoles antiques de la région dijonnaise. Cette dernière étude a pu être réalisée dans le cadre du programme Rurland, coordonné par l’archéologue Michel Reddé entre 2012 et 2017.
Du réservoir des Gallets à la piscine Saint-Georges
Authors: Baguelin Isabelle
Published: September 2023

Le site des Gallets, au nord de Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine), conserve ses trois réservoirs enterrés et maçonnés datant des années 1880 ainsi qu’un quatrième espace en béton armé construit au début du xxe siècle. Cet ensemble associé à des aqueducs a permis l’alimentation en eau potable de la cité bretonne sous l’égide du maire et de l’architecte de la Ville Jean-Baptiste Martenot. Ce premier jalon d’une politique hygiéniste préfigure une des grandes réalisations du mandat du maire Jean Janvier (1859-1923) : la construction de la piscine Saint-Georges, entre 1923 et 1926, sur les plans de l’architecte de la Ville Emmanuel Le Ray. Très représentatif de l’architecture monumentale et hygiéniste de la première moitié du xxe siècle, l’édifice présente un décor remarquable des céramistes parisiens Gentil et Bourdet et du mosaïste rennais Odorico.