bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inline Measurement of Particle Concentrations in Multicomponent Suspensions using Ultrasonic Sensor and Least Squares Support Vector Machines
Authors: Zhan Xiaobin , Jiang Shulan , Yang Yili , Liang Jian , Shi Tielin , Li Xiwen
Published: September 2015

This paper proposes an ultrasonic measurement system based on least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) for inline measurement of particle concentrations in multicomponent suspensions. Firstly, the ultrasonic signals are analyzed and processed, and the optimal feature subset that contributes to the best model performance is selected based on the importance of features. Secondly, the LS-SVM model is tuned, trained and tested with different feature subsets to obtain the optimal model. In addition, a comparison is made between the partial least square (PLS) model and the LS-SVM model. Finally, the optimal LS-SVM model with the optimal feature subset is applied to inline measurement of particle concentrations in the mixing process. The results show that the proposed method is reliable and accurate for inline measuring the particle concentrations in multicomponent suspensions and the measurement accuracy is sufficiently high for industrial application. Furthermore, the proposed method is applicable to the modeling of the nonlinear system dynamically and provides a feasible way to monitor industrial processes.
Continuous-Wave Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscope for Imaging Actin Cytoskeleton in Fixed and Live Cells
Authors: Neupane Bhanu , Jin Tao , Mellor Liliana , Loboa Elizabeth , Ligler Frances , Wang Gufeng
Published: September 2015

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy provides a new opportunity to study fine sub-cellular structures and highly dynamic cellular processes, which are challenging to observe using conventional optical microscopy. Using actin as an example, we explored the feasibility of using a continuous wave (CW)-STED microscope to study the fine structure and dynamics in fixed and live cells. Actin plays an important role in cellular processes, whose functioning involves dynamic formation and reorganization of fine structures of actin filaments. Frequently used confocal fluorescence and STED microscopy dyes were employed to image fixed PC-12 cells (dyed with phalloidin- fluorescein isothiocyante) and live rat chondrosarcoma cells (RCS) transfected with actin-green fluorescent protein (GFP). Compared to conventional confocal fluorescence microscopy, CW-STED microscopy shows improved spatial resolution in both fixed and live cells. We were able to monitor cell morphology changes continuously; however, the number of repetitive analyses were limited primarily by the dyes used in these experiments and could be improved with the use of dyes less susceptible to photobleaching. In conclusion, CW-STED may disclose new information for biological systems with a proper characteristic length scale. The challenges of using CW-STED microscopy to study cell structures are discussed.
Changing the Educational Culture of the Home to Increase Student Success at School
Authors: Leithwood Kenneth , Patrician Penny
Published: September 2015

Parent involvement in their children’s learning is widely acknowledged as having a positive effect on student academic success. Of particular relevance is the finding that the influence of parent engagement can mitigate differences in socioeconomic status (SES) and family background. Family background is a multi-dimensional concept that includes the family’s “educational culture” (including for example, parenting style, parental expectations for children’s work at school, direct instructional support for school learning, active parent interest in the school’s curriculum, and the monitoring of children’s engagement with their school work). It is these features of a child’s home environment that directly influence much of the social and intellectual capital students need to be successful at school. This paper summarizes a quasi-experimental field study which explored the relative effects of alternative types of school interventions on parent engagement. All of these interventions aimed to further engage parents in the education of their children as a means of both improving student achievement and closing gaps in achievement for students living primarily in challenging social and economic circumstances. Initiatives by school staffs aimed at helping those families struggling to build productive educational cultures in their homes would appear to be a very promising strategy for closing achievement gaps between advantaged and disadvantaged students. The study provides eight lessons other districts might take heed of as they embark on their own parent engagement interventions.
A Process for the Implementation of New Renewable Energy Systems in a Building by Considering Environmental and Economic Effect
Authors: Kim Chan-Joong , Hong Taehoon , Kim Jimin , Kim Daeho , Seo Dong-yeon
Published: September 2015

The excessive use of fossil fuels has led to global warming and air pollution. To solve these problems, interest in new renewable energy system (NRE system) has increased in recent years. In particular, photovoltaic, solar thermal heating, fuel cell and ground source heating system are actively implemented for achieving the zero energy building. Since the initial investment cost of the NRE system is quite expensive, it is necessary to conduct a feasibility study from the life cycle perspective. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the process for the implementation of NRE system in a building for the optimal design. This study was conducted with four steps: (i) establishing the basic information for the system installation; (ii) selecting key factors affecting system performances; (iii) making possible alternatives of the system installation; and (iv) selecting optimal system by considering environmental and economic effect. The proposed process could enable the final decision-maker to easily and accurately determine the optimal design of the NRE systems from the economic and environmental efficiency in the early design phase. The process could also be applied to any other NRE system and could be extended to any other country in the global environment.
First Report of Ciguatoxins in Two Starfish Species: Ophidiaster ophidianus and Marthasterias glacialis
Authors: Silva Marisa , Rodriguez Inés , Barreiro Aldo , Kaufmann Manfred , Neto Ana , Hassouani Meryem , Sabour Brahim , Alfonso Amparo , Botana Luis , Vasconcelos Vitor
Published: September 2015

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a syndrome caused by the ingestion of fish contaminated with Ciguatoxins (CTXs). These phycotoxins are produced mainly by dinoflagellates that belong to the genus Gambierdiscus that are transformed in more toxic forms in predatory fish guts, and are more present in the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean areas. It is estimated that CFP causes per year more than 10,000 intoxications worldwide. With the rise of water temperature and anthropogenic intervention, it is important to study the prevalence of CFP in more temperate waters. Through inter- and subtidal sampling, 22 species of organisms were collected, in Madeira and Azores archipelagos and in the northwestern Moroccan coast, during September of 2012 and June and July of 2013. A total of 94 samples of 22 different species of bivalves, gastropods, echinoderms and crustaceans where analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectometry-Ion Trap-Time of Flight (UPLC-MS-IT-TOF) and Ultra Performance Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Our main aim was to detect new vectors and ascertain if there were some geographical differences. We detected for the first time putative CTXs in echinoderms, in two starfish species—M. glacialis and O. ophidianus. We detected differences regarding uptake values by organisms and geographical location. Toxin amounts were significant, showing the importance and the need for continuity of these studies to gain more knowledge about the prevalence of these toxins, in order to better access human health risk. In addition, we suggest monitoring of these toxins should be extended to other vectors, starfish being a good alternative for protecting and accessing human health risk.
An Integrated Approach to Identify Water Resources for Human Consumption in an Area Affected by High Natural Arsenic Content
Authors: Armiento Giovanna , Baiocchi Antonella , Cremisini Carlo , Crovato Cinzia , Lotti Francesca , Lucentini Luca , Mazzuoli Maurizio , Nardi Elisa , Piscopo Vincenzo , Proposito Marco , Veschetti Enrico
Published: September 2015

This study concerns the occurrence of arsenic in the groundwater system of the Cimino-Vico volcanic area (central Italy), different parts of which are currently widely used for local drinking water supply and for irrigation. The system shows a complex groundwater circulation, including a continuous basal aquifer, discontinuous perched aquifers, groundwater flows at high altitude, and local interactions with rising thermal fluids. Data on arsenic contents in 250 water samples from springs and wells and in 68 samples from rock outcrops were measured and combined with already existing information. Results highlight that arsenic concentrations of groundwater are influenced by type of aquifer, groundwater flow path, arsenic content of the aquifer rocks, and interaction with fluids rising from depth. Waters circulating in the Vico volcanics, one of the prominent rock units of the area, have high concentrations of arsenic, both for the basal and the perched aquifers. A large fraction of the waters associated with this rock unit have arsenic contents higher than 10 μg/L (82 percent for basal, 40 percent for perched). In contrast, waters circulating in the Cimino volcanics have lower arsenic contents: 30 percent of the basal and 10 percent of the perched aquifers have arsenic concentrations greater than 10 μg/L. Through an integrated approach, including leaching tests to investigate the arsenic behavior concerning the water-rock interaction and a geostatistical modeling of data, it has been possible to identify and tentatively quantify suitable water resources that have arsenic content not exceeding the quality standards for human consumption.
Concordance in the interpretation of PET after chemotherapy in advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kuhnert G. , Haverkamp H. , Fuchs M. , Kahraman D. , Eich H.-T. , Kriz J. , Baues C. , Nast-Kolb B. , Bröckelmann P. J. , Borchmann P. , Drzezga A. , Engert A. , Dietlein M. , Kobe C.
Published: September 2015

The aim was to analyze the degree of agreement between the central review panel and the local PET interpretation within the HD15 trial and its impact on subsequent treatment and progression free survival. Patients, methods: The analysis set consisted of 739 patients with residues ≥ 2.5 cm after 6 or 8 cycles of BEACOPPesc from the HD15 trial performed by the German Hodgkin Study Group. The recommendation for or against further radiotherapy was based on the central [18F]FDG-PET interpretation. Central PET interpretation was compared to the local PET interpretation and concordance was measured using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Prognostic impact of the analysis of concordance between local and central PET interpretations was evaluated using progression free survival (PFS); groups were compared with the log rank test. Results: The central panel rated 548 of 739 patients (74%) as PET negative. Of these, 513 were also rated as PET negative in the local PET interpretation. PET positivity was seen by central reviewers in the remaining 191 patients (26%), in concordance with local reviewers in 155 cases. Even though substantial agreement was found (Cohen's Kappa 0.81), the interpretation of the central PET review panel led to a different therapeutic recommendation in 71/739 (10%) patients. PFS was equally high in groups in which the therapeutic regime had been changed on the basis of the central panel decision. Conclusion: High concordance is found between local and central reviewers with regard to PET interpretation in residual tissue after intense chemotherapy. The existence of the central PET review panel allows the identification of additional patients as PET negative so that radiotherapy can be safely omitted (35 of 548 patients = 4.7%).
IMPACTS OF EDUCATIONAL FACTORS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN REGIONS OF CHINA: A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC APPROACH
Authors: LV Kangjuan , YU Anyu , GONG Siyi , WU Maoguo , XU Xiaohong
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the impacts of educational factors on economic growth across 31 provinces during 1996 and 2010 in China. A spatial panel estimation model is applied to study the impacts of education on economic growth taking into account the spatial spillover effects in Feder model and the cumulative effect. The results reveal that (1) educational factors are significantly spatially autocorrelated. Educational factors have spatial spillover effects. Regional differences of education impacts still exist. (2) Average schooling year has a more positive effect on economic output than capital investment and labor force. Basic education might play a more important role in economic growth. (3) Education sector also benefits non-education sectors on economic growth if “spatial effects of economic shocks” are considered. Some policies that may enhance education development and their impacts on economic growth are proposed.
Evaluación de una aplicación web con participación pública en la planificación espacial y toma de decisiones para la integración de construcciones rurales
Authors: Jeong J. S. , García-Moruno L. , Hernández-Blanco J. , Montero-Parejo M. J.
Published: September 2015

Se presenta una aplicación web que facilita la integración de construcciones turísticas rurales en su entorno mediante la participación ciudadana. El objetivo general ha sido examinar cómo la investigación puede contribuir a apoyar la toma de decisiones de los usuarios, así como su aplicación a un caso de estudio empírico en Hervás, España. A partir de los datos obtenidos de los participantes, agrupados en cuatro grupos diferentes, este estudio examinó la identificación de modelos espaciales para las distintas percepciones y el intercambio de conocimientos de los procesos de integración de construcciones en el entorno rural, la certificación del posible impacto en el turismo y la definición de una interfaz de usabilidad. Los resultados demostraron que esta web puede facilitar un consenso sobre las recomendaciones para la ordenación del territorio con la implementación de alternativas de decisión.
Influencia del contenido de finos del hormigón en la respuesta estructural a flexión y cortante de vigas de hormigón armado
Authors: Ferreira D. , Oller E. , Bairán J. M. , Carrascón S. , Marí A.
Published: September 2015

Este artículo presenta un estudio experimental sobre el comportamiento a flexión y cortante de vigas de hormigón armado con un contenido de finos (275 kg/m3) superior al límite permitido por la Instrucción EHE-08 (175 kg/m3). En el rango estudiado, el contenido de finos apenas afectó a la respuesta a flexión. La resistencia a cortante de vigas con alto contenido de finos fue menor que la de las vigas de hormigón convencional, en especial para las vigas con cuantía alta de armadura longitudinal y con armadura de cortante, con una reducción de hasta el 23 % en la carga última. Esta reducción se considera debida a la disminución de propiedades mecánicas del hormigón que afecta especialmente al cortante resistido por fricción en la fisura. Por último, los ensayos realizados han permitido verificar un modelo numérico de análisis no lineal evolutivo para predecir el comportamiento de estructuras de hormigón con distintos contenidos de finos.
Opinion mining et ‎Sentiment analysis
Authors: Boullier Dominique , Lohard Audrey
Published: September 2015

L’ « opinion mining » est en passe de devenir une véritable industrie, tout aussi stratégique que celle des sondages. Les promesses avancées sont impressionnantes : la puissance de calcul des outils informatiques permettrait de suivre toutes les évolutions de l’opinion sur le web en temps réel, quel qu’en soit le volume. Plus encore, les capacités de traitement linguistique permettraient de détecter les tonalités de tous les verbatims recueillis, grâce aux méthodes dites de « sentiment analysis ».
L’état de l’art des offres commerciales et technologiques présenté dans cet ouvrage rend compte de cette effervescence mais en souligne aussi la démesure, en veillant à distinguer les résultats réels des slogans promotionnels quelquefois trompeurs.
L’ouvrage écrit par des chercheurs du médialab de Sciences Po, laboratoire spécialisé dans le traitement des masses de données disponibles sur le web pour les sciences sociales, permet aussi de resituer l’intérêt de ces nouveaux moyens techniques pour la recherche, dans le cadre de ce qu’on appelle désormais les « humanités numériques ».
Enfin, soucieux de permettre à chaque lecteur de prendre en main ces outils, certes puissants mais aux limites de validité bien réelles, les auteurs décrivent pas à pas toutes les phases d’un projet mobilisant les méthodes d’opinion mining, en précisant les pièges et les impératifs d’intervention de l’expertise humaine, toujours nécessaire.
Largement illustré, cet ouvrage devrait encourager les chercheurs, les professionnels de l’opinion et du marketing tout autant que les informaticiens et spécialistes des « web studies » à échanger pour faire progresser ces outils communs.
Qu’est-ce que l’identité numérique ?
Authors: Ertzscheid Olivier
Published: September 2015

Qu’est-ce que l’identité numérique et l’e-réputation ? Cette question se pose aujourd’hui dans le cadre de l'écosystème internet pour les usages individuels et collectifs.
Cet ouvrage présente de manière accessible l'état de la recherche sur ces questions et propose un tour d'horizon des enjeux fondamentaux à maîtriser pour pouvoir garder le contrôle sur sa présence en ligne ou sur celle de son organisation.
Ce livre s'adresse à ceux qui, soucieux de découvrir la richesse de cette problématique, aux entreprises, organisations et collectivités à la recherche d'une méthodologie et de bonnes pratiques sur ces questions, ainsi qu'à toute personne qui s'est déjà, ne serait-ce qu'une fois, posé la question de savoir si la publication d'une information, d'une vidéo, d'une photographie, d'un statut Facebook, ne risquait pas de lui porter un jour préjudice, à lui, à l'un de ses proches ou à son employeur. Et surtout, ce livre s'adresse à toutes les personnes qui ne se sont jamais posées cette question.

Cet ouvrage a été réalisé avec le soutien du Labex Hastec.
Qu’est-ce qu’un lieu de savoir ?
Authors: Jacob Christian
Published: September 2015

Comment les savoirs sont-ils produits ? Comment se transmettent-ils ? Quelle approche adopter pour apprendre à les observer ?

Qu’il s’agisse d’un laboratoire, d’une agora grecque, d’un jardin botanique, d’une table de travail ou d’une bibliothèque, chaque lieu de savoir possède une dynamique propre, conséquence de son histoire et de ses spécificités. En mêlant l’observation des pratiques à l’interprétation des méthodes de pensée, cet ouvrage étudie les lieux de l’activité savante dans une approche comparatiste.

Construit comme une invitation à la réflexion, situé à la frontière entre histoire et anthropologie, cet ouvrage tente de baliser les hypothèses et les enjeux d’une nouvelle approche des savoirs humains. Il s’adresse à tous les lecteurs qui souhaitent s’engager dans des cheminements parallèles ; il déploie des pistes de réflexion pour les humanités d’aujourd’hui et de demain.

Cet ouvrage a été réalisé avec le soutien du Labex Hastec.
Qu’est-ce qu’une archive de chercheur ?
Authors: Bert Jean-François
Published: September 2015

Au cours de sa carrière, un chercheur est amené à produire, consulter et conserver différents types de documents. Carnets, agendas, brouillons de toutes formes, livres annotés forment bien souvent la grande partie des fonds d’archives disponibles.

La prise en compte et l’étude de ces documents témoignent d’une activité prenante, mais permettent surtout de saisir les évolutions, les tâtonnements et les manières de faire propres à tel ou tel chercheur.

En décidant d’explorer certaines pratiques concrètes qui se matérialisent dans les archives, Jean-François Bert met l’accent sur l’aspect ordinaire de l’activité savante afin de comprendre le processus de la recherche, dans sa singularité et souvent sa grande complexité.

Cet ouvrage, synthétique et richement documenté, donne les outils essentiels à une meilleure compréhension et à un usage profondément renouvelé des archives de chercheur.

Cet ouvrage a été réalisé avec le soutien du Labex Hastec.
Mastering Entrepreneurship Education in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: September 2015

This chapter aims to master entrepreneurship education in global business, thus illustrating the theoretical and practical overview of entrepreneurship education; entrepreneurship education and human capital; entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial self-efficacy; the significance of entrepreneurship education in global business; and the application of entrepreneurship education in global business. The potential of entrepreneurship education is meaningful for modern organizations that seek to provide suppliers and customers, increase business performance, establish competitiveness, and achieve consistent prosperity in global business. Thus, it is important for modern organizations to investigate their entrepreneurship education applications, create an educational plan to determine their practical accomplishments, and directly respond to entrepreneurship education needs of customers. The chapter argues that mastering entrepreneurship education has the potential to facilitate entrepreneurship education success and gain competitive advantage in global business.
Academic Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economy Context
Authors: Bhowmick Bhaskar , Ghosh Susmita
Published: September 2015

Entrepreneurship fosters economic development of a country. This appears more crucial and absolute necessity in emerging country context. The efforts have been laid for entrepreneurship development with the collaboration of academic institutions and industries. These collaborations try to transform academic based research into commercialized products to develop a knowledge based society. Government has also initiated numerous projects to support this effort. This chapter presents an overview of the whole scenario along with its challenges, prospects and future development in emerging country context. The theme has been elaborated with a case study on IIT Kharagpur, India.
Social Media
Authors: Cuevas Arleen , Kohle Fritz
Published: September 2015

Social media has become ubiquitous in the daily personal lives of students and teachers alike. But the question remains if social media should be integrated effectively in higher education or if it should be left out in the realm outside the classroom. This paper explores how students use social media in school, whether or not they find social media useful in the learning process and provides further discussion on the importance of adopting a social media strategy in the education sector. The authors facilitated a study in 2010 and a follow-up survey in 2011 to students taking the course International Media and Entertainment Management at NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands to assess how students are using social media in a learning environment. The study reveals a need for social media to be used as a learning tool in order to promote active participation through content creation and encourage a virtual space for dynamic dialogue which in turn helps link formal and informal learning connecting students, teachers, and colleagues around the world. But more complex issues such as privacy, copyright, policing and governance of social media needs to be addressed.
Seeking an Online Social Media Radar
Authors: ter Veen James , Sarkani Shahram , Mazzuchi Thomas A.
Published: September 2015

In this paper we identify a method, which rapidly analyzes vast amounts of data present in social media in order to forecast crowd sizes. Based upon comparative analysis of related literature, a conceptual model is proposed and research conducted to develop capabilities to forecast mass collective action behavior such as crowd formation using Social Network Analysis (SNA) tools applied to online social media. We demonstrate that a simple model of online social network parameters can produce situation awareness of crowd sizes in much the same way that radar sensors can produce situation awareness of air traffic density. A prototype online social media ‘radar' sensor system is developed and tested in a pilot study with a dataset of tweets gathered regarding the Occupy Wall Street movement. Further work is suggested which could provide anticipated crowd location, movement and intent in addition to size.
Large-Scale Disaster Response Management
Authors: Young-McLear Kimberly , Mazzuchi Thomas A. , Sarkani Shahram
Published: September 2015

This chapter provides readers with an overview of how social media has enhanced large-scale natural disaster response at the Department of Homeland Security and its partners. The authors of this chapter present the history of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and how its successes and failures have shaped how the Department of Homeland Security has managed trends in increased community participation and information technology. Concepts from Systems Engineering frame the discussion around resilience engineering, network analysis, information systems, and human systems integration as they pertain to how social media can be integrated more effectively in large-scale disaster response. Examples of social media in disaster response are presented including a more in-depth case study on the use of social media during the 2012 Hurricane Sandy response. The chapter concludes with a proposed framework of a decision support system which integrates the benefits of social media while mitigating its risks.
Critics about the Convergence Culture
Authors: Kalikoske Andres
Published: September 2015

In the ambit of Political Economy of Communication and Culture, the following article intends to problematize the convergence culture, comprising its complexity since the political, economic and social divergences that constitutes it. Therefore, it is offered a partial perspective of a “convergence society”. Four processes are especially explained, in order to make possible a critical diagnosis of the social rooting potential proposed by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in our time: the vigilance systems, the convergence multiple processes, the participation culture and the concurrence among consolidated media.
From Information Society to Community Service
Authors: Neto Benedito Medeiros
Published: September 2015

This chapter presents a perspective of a post-industrial society, through the development of the information society and its deployment, focusing on the possibilities of a service predominant society. The most important point of this exercise is that this approach did not happen as expected in form or time. In the past, the ICT tools were restricted to centers of competence or in organizations. Nowadays, their increasingly presence in individual lives, as well as in their human relationships, is changing social and commercial relations, the meaning of work and political participation of people in a compulsory way, unlike what had happened at the turn of agricultural to industrial Eras. New possibilities happen in a rapid manner in a society based on wealth concentration, when there is association of ICTs with the restlessness of social movements or collective protests demanding better living conditions of minority communities. The increasing information flows have led to the desire of knowledge. However, this search for the social welfare achievements has occurred in a superficial manner, leading to anxiety and depression of common and deprived citizens. A new Citizenship or, better defined, e-Citizenship emerges between their aspirations. Based on facts and observations of recent research on the impacts of ICTs in the last ten years, the approach of a community service changes the daily lives of individuals, despite its acceptance or perception, the presence of virtual media, the growing media innovation and agricultural, industrial and operational processes, as well as the claimed social movements.
Digital Inclusion and Computational Thinking
Authors: Lima Jr. Walter Teixeira , Vergili Rafael
Published: September 2015

The Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) brought new players to an environment that subverts industrial logic of communication, visibility and representation. The issue of digital inclusion is still latent, especially in developing countries, such as Brazil. However, with initiatives that facilitate access to technological innovations and ever cheaper devices, possession, remixing and distribution of information are no longer exclusive to large companies or mass media vehicles. Anyone with network access and knowledge about certain topics can generate content for various parts of the world. In this context of constant change, the media professional is faced with new challenges and, in order to gain competitive advantage in the labor market or in the academic environment needs to more adequately understand the technological environment in which he/she is inserted, topics that are discussed under the prism of computational thinking and digital literacy concepts, possible foundations for new paths of his/her activities.
Digital Inclusion and Public Policies in Brazil
Authors: Guzzi Drica
Published: September 2015

This chapter intends to discuss the development of public policies and new participation mechanisms that concern digital inclusion and education in Brazil. Since 2000, several changes have been done in this area to better comprehend the digital era phenomenon and how it affects all the Brazilian people. This study presents comparison between the brazilian regions, once the Southeast and the South are very engaged to the digital era, while the North, Northeast and Mid-West still face problems with access issues.
Information Policies
Authors: Fernández-Bajón Maria Teresa
Published: September 2015

EU policies for digital inclusion outline strategies and action plans based around the implementation of a digitally inclusive society in its member countries. The governing principles of these policies are based on the concept of a knowledge society for everyone, with no place for digital divides that might threaten cohesion and prosperity in Europe and, as such, these policies must encourage greater use of the Internet, increase broadband coverage, promote digital literacy and uphold the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. In 2010, the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Regions Committee, publishes the Digital Agenda for Europe, (2010). A key document that outlines the European policy for ICTs and establishes the priorities of the EU in this area until 2020. The purpose of the Agenda is to outline a space that allows maximization of the economic and social potential of ICTs and specifically Internet as an essential support of society.
Technologies for Digital Inclusion
Authors: Morato Jorge , Ruiz-Robles Alejandro , Sanchez-Cuadrado Sonia , Marzal Miguel Angel
Published: September 2015

Digital inclusion proposals are oriented towards specific groups of people. These groups are excluded due to their qualities or lack of them, their attitude, socio-political factors, economic factors, or just by the geographic zone where they live. Since 1999 several strategies have been proposed, either related to educational or technological aspects. The lessons learned are collected with the aim of proposing an adapted model that allows defining a set of good practices. In order to know what technology is the most suited to promote the digital inclusion of each group, multiple variables are analysed. A higher number of variables allow better groups description regarding their context and the relevance of each variable for each group. In this work the authors discuss the dimensions of the group profiles, the factors affecting them, and the infrastructure and software solutions that can change the situation. Finally a simple graphic is proposed to show the dimensions of causes and user groups in order to improve their comparison.
Discussion on Digital Inclusion Good Practices at Europe's Libraries
Authors: Colmenero-Ruiz Maria-Jesús
Published: September 2015

In this chapter the social role of digital libraries as agents to promote digital inclusion is discussed. It analyzes how European policies of promotion of the Information Society, aimed at digital inclusion were developed and incorporated by the European Libraries, mainly through projects and efforts for the dissemination of good practices. Assuming a broad concept of what good practice is, some experiences considered good practice for digital inclusion in the various stages of this process in European Libraries are shown. Dissemination of good practices has had uneven success without having established a stable formal and institutional channel that favors it.
Digital Revolution in Latin America beyond Technologies
Authors: Gobbi Maria Cristina , Filho Francisco Machado
Published: September 2015

The challenge of interactive digital television (iDTV) in Latin America is to give opportunity of technological access and participation to a significant parcel of the population whose main information source is (still analog) television. The increase in connected device possession and system digitalization has been modifying consumption habits of audiovisual content. Television is still the home center, but now it divides the attention with mobile phones, smartphones, tablets and laptops, delineating a consumption that is multitasking, portable, mobile etc., but not always linked (independent devices use), there are multi-platform services and products that allow this interaction, though. Several externalities must be considered, either the different stages of digital signal development and application, or the cultural diversity, laws, technological unfolding, education, and even the economic aspects of each country. The paper aims to provide demands of how to digitally include these millions of citizens who don't have internet access.
Global Trends in Mobile
Authors: de Prato Giuditta , Simon Jean Paul
Published: September 2015

This chapter aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the mobile landscape. It bridges the global trends affecting the mobile industry as a whole, with the creation and distribution of contents, emphasizing the new patterns of production and distribution. It shed light on the drivers of the changes taking place. The first part of this chapter identifies and sums up the main trends in a global landscape, namely the role of mobile communications (devices, networks) combined with the rise of the “app economy”, the spread of “Big Data”, and the move toward a multiscreen / cross-media paradigm. It provides a synthesis of available data. The first section tracks the evolution of the global market and the emerging geography with the rise of Asia as a leading player in the mobile world. The second section analyses the smartphone phenomenon. The third section deals with the rise of the “app economy”. The fourth section reviews the new modes of data driven management, stemming from “Big Data”. The fifth section follows the move a multi-screen world. The second part investigates some of the impacts of this fast evolving environment on the production of an array of mobile contents (portable movies, video, video games…) tracking the way content industries, while standing at the nexus of technology and content, are rapidly changing. The section documents the way mobile industry is indeed an innovation platform for new services. The section delineates the growing role of the consumer in a mobile world, its various modes of involvement in the production and distribution of digital content. We conclude with some elements about the new challenges brought by these trends, by the entry of new players in both the content and the mobile field.
Behavioural Targeting in the Mobile Ecosystem
Authors: Gómez-Barroso José Luis , Ruiz Juan Ángel
Published: September 2015

Personal information is a key intangible asset for companies. In particular, for those companies that collect personal data to attract advertisers through being a channel to reach their target markets, i.e., through offering targeted advertising. A universe of always located and always connected potential consumers enhance the potential of behavioural targeting, which is seen as the business model on which the success of new mobile content, applications and services relies. This chapter aims to explain the implications of the use of behavioural targeting within the mobile environment. It provides an overview of the exploitation of personal data, a comprehensive description of the behavioural targeting ecosystem, and a view of the promises and pitfalls associated to the rise of mobility.
Mobility Matters
Authors: Oppegaard Brett
Published: September 2015

Researchers generally have not been able to keep up with the rapid pace of mobile app innovation in many ways. One of those holes is with typology. Not being able to clearly describe mobile app artifacts, as a way to start a discussion about them, is a key factor holding researchers back. This chapter splinters off a promising but relatively underdeveloped genre of mobile apps, the locative ones that juxtapose interactive digital media with particular physical environments, for closer examination and better labeling. This piece quickly provides theoretical, historical, and contextual overviews to help situate locative apps as a genre of importance. It then provides informal frameworks, as thought exercises, for examining and understanding apps through a locative perspective. Two cases, also led by the author, will then be taken through this process to illustrate what can be learned from it, followed by reflections and suggestions for related future areas of inquiry.
Who Brings the News?
Authors: Canavilhas João , Satuf Ivan
Published: September 2015

The spread of mobile devices and digital networks generate new perspectives for the circulation of news. The development of mobile communication technologies and the migration of habits consolidated in personal computers promote the expansion of news aggregators for smartphones and tablets. This work seeks to inquire the operational logic of applications designed to aggregate journalistic content. An immersive analysis shows that the general operations of these apps are based on three dimensions: integration between news and online social media, always-on recommendation systems, and parameterization of outputs. It is argued that the approach between aggregators and social media makes the news extrapolate its information domain and start to circulate as symbolic reference for online interaction. Finally, this work posits that the operational logic of aggregators neglect fundamental aspects of new technologies related to locative information.
Mobile Media and Social Interaction
Authors: Damásio Manuel José , Henriques Sara , Teixeira-Botelho Inês , Dias Patrícia
Published: September 2015

This chapter discusses the new social configurations society is undergoing on the basis of media emergence. Media are embedded in the arousal of communication and information transmission becoming the form, the infrastructure and the institution for the social and culture. This chapter focuses on mobile communication, having as central goal to debate on the processes of mediatization and mediation of society, as well as on the processes of belonging and social cohesion. Data from mobile internet adoption and use will be discussed in the light of the above mentioned theoretical approaches. An empirical case study will also be approached and results will provide contributions for the understanding of this type of technology adoption processes and the increasing importance of mobility in cultural and social practices, promoting an exciting discussion on the centrality of media nowadays and the current transformation processes society is undergoing.
Using the Wii Remote for Mobile Device Application Testing
Authors: Freeman Mark Bruce
Published: September 2015

There has been a dramatic shift in the interaction methods of mobile devices over the past decade. From devices simply being able to make phone calls to being able to handle complex tasks traditionally performed on personal computers (PCs); this change has led to new interaction issues that need to be understood during the application development process, particularly as these devices now commonly incorporate a touch-screen as their primary source of input. Currently, the methods of conducting software user experience testing of these devices employs techniques that were developed for PCs, however mobile devices are used within different contexts of use. This research initially reviews the current methods for user experience testing of applications running on mobile devices and then presents, through a proof-of-concept approach, an innovative method for conducting user experience testing employing actual devices.
Drones and Privacy
Authors: McKelvey Nigel , Diver Cathal , Curran Kevin
Published: September 2015

Drones, also referred to as UAV's (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), are an aircraft without a human pilot. Drones have been used by various military organisations for over a decade, but in recent years drones a have been emerging more and more in commercial and recreational capacity. The paper is aimed at drone and UAV technology capabilities and how they could and are currently effecting privacy laws globally in comparison to those currently in the Rep. of Ireland. Being investigated is the collection, retention and purpose of which civilian's information is being gathered. The authors also discuss the laws preventing the development and evolution of drone technology in the US in comparison to the Rep. of Ireland.
A Method for Classification Using Data Mining Technique for Diabetes: A Study of Health Care Information System
Authors: Al-Khasawneh Ahmad
Published: September 2015

Many researchers in the health information system field have been attracted to develop computer applications that help in the diagnosis process. Imperatively, data mining algorithms address the vital role in all of these applications. Many contributions were made in this area. There has always been a debate on the algorithm that gives the best classifier, the parameters to be used, the dataset pre-processing steps, etc. In this paper, the author largely emphasizes that the best way to build a predictive model with relatively high classification accuracy is to build several predictive models and to choose the model that gives the best results through parameters optimization. Diagnosing diabetes mellitus has gained considerable attention in the last few decades due to the increased severity of the disease. In this research, the author reviews four predictive data mining approaches that are being used in diagnosing diabetes. Four models were implemented to diagnose diabetes from PIMA dataset; k-nearest neighbour, support vector machine, multilayer perceptron neural network, and naive bayesian network. Giving the highest classification accuracy, support vector machine technique outperformed the others with a value of 78.83%.
Operational Optimization of High Voltage Power Station Based Fuzzy Logic Intelligent Controller
Authors: Hussain Abadal Salam T. , Malek F. , Ahmed S. Faiz , Taha Taha A. , Ahmed Shouket A. , Othman Mardianaliza , Irwanto Misrun Muhammad , Shasidharan Gomesh Nair , Yusoff Mohd Irwan
Published: September 2015

This paper discusses the use of the intelligent microcontroller and also discusses the results from the simulation application of fuzzy logic theory to the control of the high voltage direct and alternation current (HVDC)& (HVAC) power station systems. The application considered their implementation in both low and high level control systems in HVDC& HVAC power station systems. The results for the fuzzy logic based controller shows many improvements compared to the conventional HVDC& HVAC control system. The fuzzy logic based controller concept was further successfully extended to high level control of optimization problems such as the power swings. Based on simulation results, HVDC and HVAC breaker design are online protection against unwanted incidents happening to the system.
Comparison between Parameter of Single Core Unarmoured Aluminium Conductor 6.35/11 kV Underground Cable for Partial Discharge Measurement Using EMTP-ATP Software
Authors: Khairul Hafizi Rohani Mohamad Nur , Yii Chai Chang , Isa Muzamir , Hassan Syed Idris Syed
Published: September 2015

Partial Discharge (PD) is one of a symptom in the underground cable before the fault happens.This paper concerned with estimation and detection problems related to PD phenomena in buried underground cables. The Rogowski coil has been implemented to analyze this symptom. The various sizes of nominal cross-sectional area cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable with 6.35/11 KV single core unarmored aluminum conductors that follows Nexans manufacturer datasheet based on design standard IEC 60502 has been used in the simulation using Electromagnetic Transient Program-Alternative Transient Program (EMTP-ATP) software. The Lumped parameter is used for the Rogowski coil sensor model. Meanwhile, for Double-end measurement using J-Marti model is designed to evaluate the parameter changing in the measurement.Based on the measurement, the value of amplitude voltage and current is proportional increase depends on the size of cross-sectional area of conductor XLPE cable.
The Effect of Harmonic Distortion on the Performance of Differential Relay for Distribution Transformer Protection
Authors: Nisja Indra , Idris M.H. , Syafrudin M. , Hardi S. , Isa M.
Published: September 2015

This paper aims to analyzing and probing the influences of power system harmonics on a differential relay used for distribution transformer protection. The increased use of nonlinear devices in industry, commercial and residential areas can lead to a significant increase the level of harmonic distortion in the power system. This harmonic has the significant effects to the differential protection systems components such as current transformer (CT) and relay. The CT tends to saturate due to the presence of current harmonics in power system, so it will produce magnitude secondary current error and make the differential relay to miss operations. The harmonic distortion effects on the differential protection have been investigated through laboratory test. To determine the CT errors when operates under harmonic condition, the CT has been test with certain level of THDi. The result of this testing was found that with increasing of the THDi, the magnitude of secondary current error increased and differential relay will operate at no fault conditions.