bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tanshione IIA reduces AQP4 over-clustering in the plasma membrane and astrocyte swelling after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation by inhibition of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB/IL-6 pro-inflammatory axis
Authors: Tang Zhaohua , Yang Gang , Liao Zhengbu , Chen Feilan , Chen Song , Liu Mengqi , Wang Wentao , Huo Gang , Sun Xiaochuan , Wang Xiaoshu
Published: April 2022

Background: Tanshione IIA (TSO IIA) has emerged as a powerful anti-inflammatory compound with multiple therapeutic properties. Here, we investigated the role of TSO IIA in astrocytic swelling caused by ischemia and reperfusion-like injury in an in vitro model and the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. Methods: Primary brain astrocytes were cultured in vitro in conditions of glucose and oxygen deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). We investigated the effects of TSO IIA treatment on cell swelling and injury, and the expression levels of AQP4 protein in the plasma membrane. We then studied the involvement of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB/IL-6 pro-inflammatory axis in TSO IIA-mediated protection. Results: Treatment with TSO IIA alleviated OGD/R-induced astrocytic swelling, changes in cell morphology and ultrastructure, the release of LDH, and the over-clustering of AQP4 protein in the plasma membrane. In addition, TSO-IIA significantly reduced over-expression of HMGB1 protein in the cytoplasm and surrounding medium, the high levels of NF-κB protein in the nucleus, and of IL-6 protein in cytoplasm and extracellular media induced by OGD/R. Combination of TSO IIA and recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1) reversed these effects. Inhibition of RAGE, the receptor of HMGB1, via administration of FPS-ZM1 (a RAGE antagonist) induced similar results to those of TSO IIA. In addition, exogenous IL-6 reversed TSO IIA-mediated effect on AQP4 protein clustering in the plasma membrane, cell swelling and LDH activity.Conclusions: TSO IIA significantly reduced astrocyte swelling after OGD/R injury in vitro, via blocking activation of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB/IL-6 pro-inflammatory axis and thereby decreasing the expression of AQP4 in plasma membrane.
Burkitt's lymphoma of the ovary mimicking ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Jie , Xi Ling , Chen Xin yuan
Published: April 2022

Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) in female adults is rare; the initial presentation of BL as an ovarian tumour is even rarer. A 30-year-old woman presented to the clinic with complaints of distention and went on exploratory laparotomy. Pathological examination showed the final diagnosis as BL. Then the patient commenced seven cycles of chemotherapy for one year and received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The patient remained disease-free for six years and has kept follow-up since then. This study offers insights into the clinical features and prognosis factors in primary ovarian Burkitt’s lymphoma patients.
Accurate magnetic field imaging using nanodiamond quantum sensors enhanced by machine learning
Authors: Tsukamoto Moeta , Ito Shuji , Ogawa Kensuke , Ashida Yuto , Sasaki Kento , Kobayashi Kensuke
Published: April 2022

Nanodiamonds can be excellent quantum sensors for local magnetic field measurements. We demonstrate magnetic field imaging with high accuracy of 1.8 µT combining nanodiamond ensemble (NDE) and machine learning without any physical models. We discover the dependence of the NDE signal on the field direction, suggesting the application of NDE for vector magnetometry and the improvement of the existing model. Our method enhances the NDE performance sufficiently to visualize nano-magnetism and mesoscopic current and expands the applicability of NDE in arbitrarily shaped materials, including living organisms. This accomplishment bridges machine learning to quantum sensing for accurate measurements.
OBSCN as biomarker for evaluating tumor mutation burden and anti-tumor immunity in Stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Enjun , Liu Xuxu , Yang Yang , He Yuanhang , Xue Dongbo
Published: April 2022

Background: Somatic mutations are strongly linked to cancer. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), PD-L1, and CTLA-4 are considered to be important biomarkers for selecting patients with stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. Nonetheless, whether specific gene mutations are related to prognosis, TMB, sensitivity to ICIs, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells remains unclear.Methods: Mutation data for STAD are derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Mutation data were analyzed by R software to calculate gene mutation frequency and TMB. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log rank test assessed patient prognosis, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors. The limma package of R software was used for differential analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed by GSEA4.1.0. TISIDB was used to validate the correlation of OBSCN mutations with immune cell infiltration in STAD TME.Results: 16 genes both mutated in TCGA and ICGC. Although all of the 16 genes mutations are correlated to high TMB, only patients with OBSCN mutation enjoyed a better prognosis in STAD. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that OBSCN mutation was an independent predictor for prognosis in STAD patients. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that OBSCN mutations were mainly related to peroxisome, MTORC1 signaling, and Oxidative phosphorylation. Then, compared with the OBSCN wild type (WT) group, four genes in the OBSCN mutant type (MT) group are up-regulated, and 26 genes are down-regulated. Finally, we observed higher infiltration of T cell follicular helper, NK cells, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, CD8+ T cells, central memory CD8+ T cells, and activated CD4+ T cells but lower mast cells in the OBSCN MT group. Additionally, we found STAD patients with OBSCN mutation are more sensitive to ICIs treatment and certain chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Docetaxel, which are most commonly used for STAD.Conclusions: OBSCN mutations serve as a biomarker for predicting STAD prognosis and sensitivity to ICIs and are associated with anti-tumor immunity.
Expansion of C4 vegetation and wildfire intensification during the late Cenozoic caused atmospheric CO2 drawdown
Authors: Ghosh Prosenjit , S Thamizharasan , Nair Nisha
Published: April 2022

The late Cenozoic [6.8 to 0.5 Ma] vegetation ecosystem preferred to hatch slack photosynthetic C4 pathways1,2 and witnessed intense wildfire activity3–5. Modern-day such ecosystems are considered as potential atmospheric CO2 pumps due to their ability to enhance erosion rate and rapid burial of charcoal of terrestrial origin 6–8. However, their role has never been considered in the context of the Late Cenozoic CO2 drawdown. Here, we showed evidence of C4 vegetation expansion, intense wildfire activities, and consequent shift in the soil erosion rate during Late Cenozoic based on terrestrial organic carbon (TOC) stable isotope, clay fixed ammonium stable nitrogen isotope, and its mean accumulation rate (MAR) from the sediments of International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expedition 362 site U1480, Nicobar fan. Our result suggests that the Plio-Pleistocene boundary ecosystem recorded 22% more C4 vegetation and 2.5 times more wildfire-associated erosion rate than the Late Miocene. We exhibit the yield of both processes on ⁓150ppm drop-in pCO2 during the Plio-Pleistocene boundary through an 11% rise in silicate mineral reactivity and 2.3 times terrestrial organic carbon burial. These estimates are based on a reappraisal of global seawater 87Sr/86Sr ratio and TOC MAR at the present study site. Overall, our results demonstrate that C4 vegetational expansion and wildfire are likely to function in silicate mineral reactivity and terrestrial organic burial during Late Cenozoic. We anticipate our results serve as a premise for further investigations into the linkage between global wildfire occurrences in driving C4 vegetational abundances and climate change.
Prognostic role of Quantification of Circulating RNA (PDGFRβ) Fragments as Tumor Markers in serum of Patients with Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Babaei Ali , Doust Hadi Mohammad , Dashti Vahid , Rezapour Taha Mohammad , Mohammadi Fatemeh Nour , Raeisalsadati Seyedehsara , Salimi Alireza , Abbaspour Alireza , Salarinia Reza
Published: April 2022

Background: Very deadly esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with a wide distribution in Iran and China and with poor overall survival. Most EC patients are at the metastatic stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. So, effective non-invasive biomarkers are still needed for the early diagnosis of this malignancy. In this study, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) was selected for further validation as a candidate biomarker for EC diagnosis and prognosis.Methods: Serum from 83 individuals (33 patients with EC and 50 normal volunteer controls) were collected. RNAs of the specimens were extracted and their levels of PDGFRβ gene expression were measured by real-time PCR.Results. The results demonstrated that the expression of PDGFRβ in the sample of the case group is higher in comparison with the control group (fold change= 1.12 ،p=0.03).Conclusions. According to our results, the evaluation of serum RNAs including beta-platelet-derived growth factor receptor mRNA could help to achieve a non-invasive, rapid diagnostic method and ultimately earlier treatment of EC. Further studies in this field are necessary to find the appropriate diagnostic and differential pattern of esophageal cancer.
Status of decent work for women in the informal RMG sector of Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Md. Aminul
Published: April 2022

This research analyzes the prospects of decent working conditions in the informal RMG sector, focusing on women. The study is conducted among three types of informal sector RMG workers. At first the study tries to define the formal and informal RMG sector and then tries establishing the relationship among formal, informal and associated RMG sector in Bangladesh. Embroidery and Accessories are associated industry with high female concentration, and these industries work as backward linkage industry for both informal and formal RMG factory and Jhut works as a forward linkage industry. In terms of practicing labor rights and freedom of expression workers have no scope, workers face discrimination in equal opportunities for promotion at workplaces. Increasing child labor, especially adolescent girls, is more involved in Jhut factories. Less government monitoring and documentation, less scope for workers to prove their experience and skills, lack of compliances, illegal factories, less presence of development organizations to support workers are some of the major constraints. A better monitoring system, implementation of child labor law, financial protection of workers, large scale skill development programs, awareness raising programs for both workers and owners, involvement of local government can help to ensure the decent work in informal RMG sector.
Effects of CYP1A2 Polymorphisms on the Steady-State Plasma Concentrations of Aripiprazole and Its Active Metabolite, Dehydroaripiprazole, in Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Suzuki Takeshi , Nagai Goyo , Mihara Kazuo , Tomori Yoko , Kagawa Shoko , Nakamura Akifumi , Nemoto Kenji , Kondo Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2022

Background
The authors studied the effects of two cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 polymorphisms, CYP1A2*C (-3860G > A) and CYP1A2*F (-163C > A), on the steady-state plasma concentrations of aripiprazole and its active metabolite, dehydroaripiprazole, in 89 patients with schizophrenia (46 males and 43 females).
Methods
All patients had been receiving fixed doses of aripiprazole for at least 2 weeks. The daily doses were 24 mg (n = 56) and 12 mg (n = 33). No other drugs except biperiden and flunitrazepam were coadministered. The plasma concentrations of aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole were measured using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. These CYP1A2 polymorphisms were identified by PCR analyses.
Results
The mean concentration/dose ratios of dehydroaripiprazole were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in patients with two mutated alleles of CYP1A2*F than in those without mutated alleles. No differences were found in the values of aripiprazole and the combination of aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole among CYP1A*2F variants. There were no differences in the values of aripiprazole, dehydroaripiprazole, or the combination of the 2 compounds among CYP1A*C variants. Multiple regression analyses including the polymorphisms of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6, age, sex, and smoking habits showed that the number of mutated alleles for CYP1A2*F was negatively correlated with the mean concentration/dose ratios of dehydroaripiprazole (standardized partial correlation coefficients = -0.276, P < 0.01).
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that the CYP1A2*F polymorphism at least partially contributes to the variability in the steady-state plasma concentration of dehydroaripiprazole.
Variability studies on Fusarium sp. complex causing Pigeonpea wilt in India
Authors: Reddy B. Deepak ,   B. Kumar1, Yashaswini Gummudala , Karthik Somala , Reddy M.S. Sai
Published: April 2022

A total of 50 Fusarium isolates were collected from major pigeonpea growing states of India and studied for cultural and morphological characters. Among 50 isolates, a total of 30 isolates were selected based on their cultural and morphological characters and studied for pathogenic variability on eight pigeonpea (ICP8858, ICP 8859, ICP 8862, BDN-2, ICP 9174 ICP 8863, ICP 2376 and BAHAR) differential genotypes. Among eight genotypes, the four genotypes namely ICP8858, ICP 8859, ICP 8862, BDN-2 reacted differentially to isolates and not much consistent in their pathogenicity, however two genotypes ICP 9174 and ICP 8863 exhibited resistant reactions and two genotypes ICP 2376 and BAHAR exhibited consistent susceptibility to wilt disease and could differentiate the 30 Fusarium isolates into six pathogenic variants (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Among 6 variants, maximum distribution of Fusarium variants was noticed in Bihar and Telangana (4 variants in each state) followed by Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka Uttar Pradesh and, Maharashtra (2 variants) and one variant each in New Delhi and Jharkhand states. The ITS-rDNA sequencing 23 Fusarium isolates of revealed that Fusarium udum (65.21) was the dominant species causing pigeonpea wilt in India followed by Fusarium solani (21.7) and Fusarium equiseti (13.04). The results of present study were notable in terms of Fusarium variants, which might be used to deploy location specific wilt resistant cultivars for improved disease management tactics. This study will also aid in the development of broad- based pigeonpea wilt resistant varieties to supress potential epidemics.
Neighbor Coverage and Bandwidth Aware Multiple Disjoint Path Discovery in Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: S ANITA C , R SASIKUMAR
Published: April 2022

With the ease of appending new nodes without re-installing the whole network, the Internet of Things (IoT) builds several smart applications on Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). One of the important aspects of integrating WMN and smart IoT applications is to provide an energy-efficient and reliable routing protocol. Seeking the communication route that delivers the high-quality stream quickly over WMN is an important issue, but the maximum utilization of a single high-quality path leads to poor throughput and large communication delay, including route discovery and data forwarding delay. The broadcasting mechanism creates redundant transmissions of control packets into the network and reinitializes the blind route discovery process due to link disconnections leading to network resource constraints and high delay during the route discovery process. Moreover, the congestion in the communication route incurs data transmission latency. This paper proposes the Multiple Disjoint Path Determination (MDPD) mechanism based on-demand routing in WMN to formulate the path discovery and data transmission latency. Reducing the neighbor list into the uncommon neighbor set reduces the unnecessary latency in route discovery, and deriving high capacity multiple disjoint communication routes reduce the communication delay in the proposed work. The proposed work employs the queue dynamics in queuing delay, which mainly provides adaptability to the dynamics in network capacity and efficient diversity paths to the gateway node to infer the available bandwidth and optimize the network traffic. To fully utilize the advantage of heterogeneous routers, it disables the flooding of control packets across the stable mesh routers, excluding the initial route discovery process, because it enables the available route storage system in each mesh router. Hence, the proposed work efficiently supports wireless broadband internet access with reduced delay and control overhead. The simulation results demonstrate the fast detection of the multiple disjoint routes and data traffic optimization over the discovered disjoint routes in the proposed MDPD mechanism over WMN.
Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection among Outpatients in Sana’a – Yemen
Authors: Ibrahim Doa'a Anwar , Halboup Abdulsalam M. , Al-Dhubaie Shatha , Hayal Noor , Shaaban Aisha , Alhazwarah Hajer , Al-thalje Soha ,   Afra Alsabri1, Areqi Abdullah Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Background
inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics is frequently encountered in upper respiratory tract infections, it considers the leading cause of misuse of antibiotics, which leads to unnecessary adverse effects and antibiotic resistance. Data about antibiotics prescription in developing countries are lacking. This study assessed antibiotic prescription in Sana’a city in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections.
Objective
This study aimed to describe the current pattern of antibiotic use for the treatment of URTI in outpatient settings in Sana`a – Yemen by evaluating the adequacy and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing corresponding to treatment guidelines.
Methods
A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infections at outpatient settings of different private and public hospitals in Sana’a–Yemen in September 2019 using a validated questionnaire. Diagnosis was classified as appropriate or inappropriate based on the most likely pathogen that may warrant antibiotic use. Chi-square test and logistic regression were the analytical methods used in this study.
Results
A total of 485 patients were included in this study. Of these, 462 (95.3%) were prescribed antibiotics. The majority of them (78.35%, N = 362) received antibiotics appropriately. However, (21.64%, N = 100) received antibiotics for inappropriate indication. High prescribing rates were observed in patients with pharyngotonsillitis ( 44.12%, N = 214 ) followed by acute otitis media ( 14.23%, N = 69) and bronchitis (11.55%, N = 56 ).The most common antibiotics classes prescribed were penicillin including amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (47.6% of patients, 19.09% inappropriate ), follow by macrolide ( 27.9% of patients, 29.46% inappropriate), cephalosporin (14.5% of patients, 3% inappropriate) and fluoroquinolone (9.3% of patients, 34.88% inappropriate ).Conclusion: Antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections in some health care centers in Sana`a – Yemen was very high with a considerable proportion of inappropriate antibiotics prescriptions. patient's characteristics have an impact on physicians' prescribing patterns of antibiotics. we recommend further studies of this important issue, to find out the reasons of overusing antibiotics by physicians in this illness.
Validation of Medical Service Insurance Claims as a Surrogate for Ascertaining Vitiligo Cases
Authors: Bell Madelaine , Lui Harvey , Lee Tim , Kalia Sunil
Published: April 2022

Background: The epidemiology of vitiligo, especially its disease burden on the healthcare system, can be assessed indirectly by analyzing health insurance claims data. Validating this approach is integral to ensuring accurate case identification and cohort characterization.Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to develop and validate an indirect measure of vitiligo ascertainment using health insurance claims data. These data were used secondarily to identify demographic characteristics, body site involvement, vitiligo subtypes, disease associations, and treatments. Methods: This study assessed the validity of identifying vitiligo from billing claims within a Canadian provincial universal health insurance program, versus vitiligo cases accrued from direct medical chart reviews. Claims-based algorithms combining ICD-9-CM diagnostic code 709 with treatment-specific data were derived and tested to identify vitiligo patients. This was compared against cases arising from the manual review of medical records of 606 patient with a diagnostic code for “dyschromia” (ICD-9-CM diagnostic code 709) from January 1 to December 31, 2016.Results: Based on the chart reviews, 204 (33.7%) patients were confirmed to have vitiligo. 42 separate claims-based algorithms combining ICD-9-CM diagnostic code 709 with treatment data specific to vitiligo were modelled and individually tested to evaluate their accuracy for vitiligo ascertainment. One algorithm achieved a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 86.8% (95% CI 82.1-91.4), 92.5% (95% CI 90.0-95.1), 85.5% (95% CI 80.7-90.3), and 93.2% (95% CI 90.8-95.7), respectively. There was a 2.2 female to male ratio. The most common medical treatments were tacrolimus (74.5%) and topical corticosteroids (54.3%). Hypertension (24.2%) and hypothyroidism (19.6%) were the predominant co-morbidities associated with vitiligo. Conclusions: Health insurance claims data can be used to indirectly ascertain vitiligo for epidemiologic purposes with relatively high diagnostic performance between 85.5-93.2%.
Comissão Mista Brasil-Estados Unidos para o Desenvolvimento Econômico (CMBEU) (1951-1953) à luz do Programa Ponto Quatro (1949) do governo Truman
Authors: Candido Stutz Gomes Nathalia
Published: April 2022

Este artigo explora como a Comissão Mista Brasil-Estados Unidos para o Desenvolvimento Econômico (CMBEU) (1951-1953) refletiu as concepções do programa Ponto Quatro de Harry Truman (1945-1953). Com base em arquivos brasileiros e norte-americanos, demonstra-se que o enquadramento da CMBEU no Ponto Quatro se deu por meio da coordenação das múltiplas atividades do programa no Brasil, da concepção de que investimentos privados teriam um papel fundamental no processo de desenvolvimento e das preocupações de segurança internacional dos norte-americanos na Guerra Fria. Nesse sentido, os EUA fizeram esforços para aliar os projetos de desenvolvimento da CMBEU às necessidades de acesso a materiais estratégicos brasileiros.
DOCÊNCIA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA DISCIPLINA FORMATIVA DA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Adriana Souza Adriana Souza , Allegretti Mercadante Luciano , Célia Grando Regina
Published: April 2022

No presente trabalho, são apresentados os resultados de um estudo desenvolvido na disciplina ‘Oficina de Apoio Didático’, oferecida desde 2016 em um programa de pós-graduação stricto sensu da grande área Ciências da Saúde. A disciplina tem por objetivos: (1) estimular os estudantes a discutir e construir princípios, critérios e estratégias de ensino e de aprendizagem; (2) refletir sobre a formação humanista do estudante universitário; (3) planejar, construir e aplicar recursos didáticos em situações de ensino. Nosso objetivo de pesquisa foi investigar os processos formativos da docência do ensino superior, analisando três momentos da disciplina: (1) construção das memórias escolares e reflexões sobre ‘o professor inesquecível’, (2) formação humanista do professor em prol do desenvolvimento humano: debates contemporâneos e (3) ‘pondo a mão na massa’: construção colaborativa e aplicação de ferramentas inovadoras em disciplinas da graduação. Consideramos como dados da pesquisa: narrativas de aula dos formadores, produção de memórias escolares dos estudantes, registros orais audiogravados dos estudantes durante os debates e discussões em aulas, carta ao ‘professor inesquecível’, videogravação da socialização de aulas e apresentações. Os resultados indicam que foi possível construir caminhos para pensar uma formação do futuro professor do ensino superior na perspectiva da produção de conhecimentos compartilhados sobre a docência. Os formadores e futuros professores aprenderam durante todo o processo, sobretudo como é possível repensar práticas inovadoras de ensino na graduação em um ambiente problematizador, mesmo em disciplinas com altos índices de reprovação.
A POPULARIZAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO COMO FORMA DE INTERAÇÃO ENTRE A ACADEMIA E A SOCIEDADE
Authors: Speguen de Quadros Piccoli Marcia , Panizzon Mateus
Published: April 2022

A popularização do conhecimento, de acordo com o portal do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq é uma ação que divulga os resultados científicos e tecnológicos das pesquisas para além da academia, alcançando a sociedade por meio da disseminação de informações para um público amplo, com linguagem apropriada e direcionada para esse fim. Ao olhar para essa prática no âmbito das Instituições Comunitárias de Educação Superior (ICES), observa-se que este pode ser um caminho para a interlocução entre a academia e a sociedade, tendo em vista que a busca dessa aproximação tem sido um fato presente no planejamento institucional das ICES. Com isso, para observar a popularização do conhecimento e dos resultados das pesquisas científicas numa universidade comunitária, o percurso metodológico considerou as respostas apresentadas por pesquisadores para um questionário estruturado sobre o tema. Os dados foram explorados com base na análise textual discursiva, seguindo os preceitos de Bacellar (2005) e de Moraes e Galiazzi (2011). Ademais, foram estabelecidas pelos autores do artigo as categorias para interpretação do questionário, identificadas como: domínio do conceito sobre popularização do conhecimento; o interesse pelo tema; as práticas de popularização do conhecimento; os desafios existentes e o entendimento sobre os resultados que essa ação pode proporcionar. Essas categorias são colocadas em relação a três dimensões de análise para instituições de educação superior, propostas por McCowan (2018): valor, função e interação.  A partir dessas interfaces, é proposto o Sistema para a Popularização do Conhecimento Científico das Universidades para a Sociedade.
O DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL SOCIAL À SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA NO BRASIL E O CAMINHO PARA SUA EFETIVAÇÃO
Authors: Machado da Silva Ricardo , Gesta Leal Rogério
Published: April 2022

Resumo – Trata-se de artigo científico voltado à realização do direito fundamental à segurança pública no Estado democrático de direito. O tema envolve políticas públicas relacionadas à segurança e persegue a fundamentação jurídica a sustentar a forma pela qual o Estado deve atuar para realização dos direitos sociais, em especial o direito fundamental à segurança pública. Objetiva-se, de forma geral, o encaminhamento do problema e de forma específica, considerando os deveres do Estado de respeito, proteção e promoção de direitos fundamentais, sustentar as políticas públicas como instrumental jurídico adequado para realização do direito fundamental social à segurança no ambiente democrático. O método de procedimento da pesquisa foi o bibliográfico.
CONCEPÇÕES E PRÁTICAS DOS NUTRICIONISTAS SOBRE CUIDADO EM SAÚDE
Authors: Lemos Lopes De Cicco Vivian , Zihlmann Karina Franco
Published: April 2022

Introdução: o nutricionista é o profissional que visa garantir o Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada, tema fundamental no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Método: realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa com nove nutricionistas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Santos – São Paulo, com o propósito de conhecer suas concepções e práticas sobre integralidade em saúde e cuidado em rede. As entrevistas foram categorizadas pela Análise de Conteúdo temática. Resultados: os participantes da pesquisa representam a maioria dos profissionais nutricionistas atuantes na cidade (9 do total de 11 profissionais). Observou-se que os nutricionistas desenvolvem trabalho isoladamente, com pouca comunicação com pares. A maioria afirmou não teve formação adequada na graduação sobre SUS, Nutrição Social e pouco sobre PNAN. Destacou-se o sofrimento implícito nas suas falas e baixa valorização da categoria. Conclusão: conclui-se que há questões de formação, dificuldades de construção de ações integrais de cuidado e, além disso, ressaltaram a necessidade de espaços de encontro e formação. A pesquisa serviu de base para a proposição da Educação Permanente em Saúde como estratégia formação contínua, reflexão e de apoio, visando colaborar com o fortalecimento das ações intra e interprofissionais.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DE REDES DE PESQUISA E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA A TRANSFORMAÇÃO DE REALIDADES
Authors: Ataide Malcher Maria , Chocron Miranda Fernanda , Raiol Weverton , Cunha Lopes Suzana , Souza Oliveira Florêncio Felipe Jailson
Published: April 2022

A partir da experiência do projeto “Jovem e Consumo Midiático em Tempos de Convergência”, fomentado pelo Programa Nacional de Cooperação Acadêmica (PROCAD) da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), este artigo busca refletir sobre políticas públicas que estimularam a implementação de redes de cooperação como elemento importante para o fortalecimento da pós-graduação no Brasil. A partir do diagnóstico da pós-graduação no país, apontamos que o processo constituinte de uma investigação beneficiada pelo programa permite a qualificação de docentes e discentes, o intercâmbio entre instituições, a formação e a fixação de recursos humanos e a criação do habitus acadêmico científico para manutenção de pesquisas desenvolvidas em rede.
Nanoscale Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Mesenchymal
Stem Cell Exosome Transplantation
Authors: Hu Yi-cun , Zhang Xiao-bo , Lin Mao-Qiang , Zhou Hai-Yu , Cong Meng-xue , Chen Xiang-yi , Zhang Rui-hao , Yu De-chen , Gao Xi-dan , Guo Tao-wen
Published: April 2022

A common surgical disease, intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), is increasing at an alarming
rate in younger individuals. Repairing damaged intervertebral discs (IVDs) and promoting IVD tissue
regeneration at the molecular level are important research goals. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles
(EVs) secreted by cells and can be derived from most body fluids. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes
(MSC-exos) have characteristics similar to those of the parental MSCs. These EVs can shuttle
various macromolecular substances, such as proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and microRNAs
(miRNAs) and regulate the activity of recipient cells through intercellular communication. Reducing inflammation
and apoptosis can significantly promote IVD regeneration to facilitate the repair of the IVD.
Compared with MSCs, exosomes are more convenient to store and transport, and the use of exosomes can
prevent the risk of rejection with cell transplantation. Furthermore, MSC-exo-mediated treatment may be
safer and more effective than MSC transplantation. In this review, we summarize the use of bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs), nucleus pulposus
mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs), and stem cells from other sources for tissue engineering and use in
IVDD. Here, we aim to describe the role of exosomes in inhibiting IVDD, their potential therapeutic effects,
the results of the most recent research, and their clinical application prospects to provide an overview
for researchers seeking to explore new treatment strategies and improve the efficacy of IVDD treatment.
Advances in the Management of Dentin Hypersensitivity: An Updated Review
Authors: Dam Van Viet , Nguyen The Hanh , Trinh Hai Anh , Dung Da Thi , Hai Trinh Dinh
Published: April 2022

Background:

Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to present an overview of dentin hypersensitivity and of the prevalence, etiology, mechanism, diagnosis, and clinical management.

Methods:

Available articles (research, reviews, commentary, views, or editorial) on hypersensitivity were searched and reviewed from January 1990 till March 2021 in Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Relevant studies in English were included and critically analyzed in this article.

Results:

Dentin hypersensitivity causes severe pain. The most effective and least invasive remedy is using desensitizing toothpaste. In addition, based on the dentin hypersensitivity severity, management can be done professionally in-office and through self-applied at-home treatments.

Conclusion:

Although dentin hypersensitivity causes severe pain, it can be treated using a proper remedy. Correct diagnosis helps in the proper management of dentine hypersensitivity.

Management of dentinal hypersensitivity should be done with more conservative strategies first, followed by irreversible dental interventions.
Selenium and Platinum Compounds in Cancer Therapy: Potentiality of their Progeny as Future Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Priyadarsini Karirayani Indira , Jain Vimal Kumar
Published: April 2022

Compounds based on two different elements, selenium and platinum, have been attracting researchers to deploy them in chemotherapy of human cancers. Selenium, as a micronutrient plays many important roles in human biology. Different research groups have been developing both inorganic and organoselenium compounds for potential use for treatment of diseases including cancer. New synthetic designs are emerging to develop selenium compounds either as chemo-preventive or chemotherapeutic agents. Platinum is another important element in cancer therapy. Platinum-based drugs are the first line of treatment for many cancers. Attracted by the fact that chalcogens are excellent ligands for platinum, new ideas are emerging to develop selenium-bound platinum compounds as cancer therapeutics. In this direction, our group has made a beginning to develop stable seleno-platinum compounds to explore their anti-cancer potentials.
Pengawetan Buah Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) Segar dengan Teknologi Hypobaric Storage
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Lastriyanto Anang , Bintoro Bagus Imam ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Hawa La Choviya ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Wibowo Sasongko Aji ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: April 2022

Buah jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) adalah buah klimakterik yang umum dibudidayakan di negara Indonesia. Sebagai buah klimakterik, buah jambu biji memiliki umur simpan yang pendek. Teknologi penyimpanan tekanan rendah (hipobarik) adalah salah satu teknologi penanganan pascapanen yang dapat menghambat proses kematangan buah klimaterik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perubahan mutu segar buah jambu biji merah selama penyimpanan hipobarik dengan perlakuan kontrol sebagai pembanding. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kuantitatif. Enam buah jambu biji disimpan di dalam kondisi tekanan rendah (46.325 kPa.abs) – (56.325 kPa.abs) menggunakan suhu penyimpanan 27°C selanjutnya sebagai perlakuan kontrol enam buah jambu biji lainnya disimpan di ruang terbuka dengan tekanan normal yaitu 101.325 kPa pada suhu 27°C. Buah jambu biji disimpan dengan lama perlakuan penyimpanan adalah tiga, enam, dan sembilan hari, kemudian diamati dan dibandingkan pada hari yang sudah ditentukan. Pengamatan mutu buah jambu segar yang dilakukan mencangkup perubahan kondisi fisik buah, susut bobot buah, tingkat kekerasan dan total padatan terlarutnya selama proses penyimpanan dengan tekanan rendah. Hasil penelitian ini, buah jambu yang disimpan di dalam kondisi hipobarik (46.325 kPa.abs)–(56.325 kPa.abs) memiliki kondisi fisik yang lebih baik, mengalami lebih sedikit susut bobot, kondisi tingkat kekerasan yang lebih tinggi, dan total padatan terlarut yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan buah jambu yang diberikan perlakuan kontrol dengan cara disimpan di ruang terbuka. Teknologi hipobarik dapat menghambat kematangan buah jambu biji sehingga menjadi awet dan memperpanjang umur simpan dengan cara mempertahankan kondisi fisik, bobot buah, tingkat kekerasan dan total padatan terlarut.
Crecimiento verde y agricultura climáticamente inteligente en el cultivo de cacao
Authors: Meneses-Buitrago Diego Hernán , Bolaños-Benavides Martha Marina
Published: April 2022

Este manual contiene información agronómica valiosa que atiende las necesidades, fortalezas y debilidades de algunas prácticas realizadas en el cultivo del cacao en Colombia. Además, contextualiza las actividades propuestas con un enfoque de crecimiento verde para el incremento de la productividad en el uso de recursos y el aumento de los ingresos para los interesados en esta actividad.
The Prediction of Preterm Birth Using Time-Series Technology-Based Machine Learning: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Yichao , Lu Sha , Wu Yina , Hu Wensheng , Yuan Zhenming
Published: April 2022

Background

Globally, the preterm birth rate has tended to increase over time. Ultrasonography cervical-length assessment is considered to be the most effective screening method for preterm birth, but routine, universal cervical-length screening remains controversial because of its cost.

Objective

We used obstetric data to analyze and assess the risk of preterm birth. A machine learning model based on time-series technology was used to analyze regular, repeated obstetric examination records during pregnancy to improve the performance of the preterm birth screening model.

Methods

This study attempts to use continuous electronic medical record (EMR) data from pregnant women to construct a preterm birth prediction classifier based on long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Clinical data were collected from 5187 pregnant Chinese women who gave birth with natural vaginal delivery. The data included more than 25,000 obstetric EMRs from the early trimester to 28 weeks of gestation. The area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to assess the performance of the prediction model.

Results

Compared with a traditional cross-sectional study, the LSTM model in this time-series study had better overall prediction ability and a lower misdiagnosis rate at the same detection rate. Accuracy was 0.739, sensitivity was 0.407, specificity was 0.982, and the AUC was 0.651. Important-feature identification indicated that blood pressure, blood glucose, lipids, uric acid, and other metabolic factors were important factors related to preterm birth.

Conclusions

The results of this study will be helpful to the formulation of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of preterm birth, and will help clinicians make correct decisions during obstetric examinations. The time-series model has advantages for preterm birth prediction.
Kualitas Hidup dan Biaya Sakit Pasien Dengue di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Ratnawiningsih Herjanti , Perwitasari Dyah Aryani , Supadmi Woro , Faridah Imaniar Noor
Published: April 2022

Jumlah kasus penyakit infeksi dengue pada tahun 2019 di Kabupaten Bantul mencapai 1.424 orang. Berdasarkan manifestasi klinis dengue terbagi menjadi dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) dan dengue shock syndrome (DSS), dapat memberikan dampak pada kualitas hidup dan biaya sakit. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup dan biaya sakit pasien dengue selama menjalani rawat inap. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan cross-sectional di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Yogyakarta periode Februari - Juli 2021. Kualitas hidup dinilai menggunakan instrumen EQ-5D-5L untuk pasien dewasa dan  EQ-5D-Y untuk pasien anak, sedangkan biaya sakit diperoleh dari bagian keuangan rumah sakit yaitu biaya medis langsung.  Sebanyak 40 pasien rawat inap dengan dengue berjenis kelamin laki-laki (60%),  usia  4-20 tahun (75%) dan menggunakan asuransi BPJS (82,5%). Kualitas hidup pasien menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 80% pasien DF sedikit bermasalah pada dimensi perawatan diri, sebesar 69% dan 100% pada pasien DHF dan DSS sedikit bermasalah pada dimensi rasa sakit/ketidaknyamanan. Rata-rata biaya sakit pada pasien DF, DHF dan DSS  masing-masing sebesar  Rp 3.192.725 , Rp 2.872.517 dan Rp 5.090.190. Infeksi dengue memberikan dampak pada kualitas hidup pasien dengue. Rata-rata biaya sakit tertinggi pada pasien dengan DSS.
Strategi Perencanaan dan Pengadaan Obat Dalam Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Bali Mandara
Authors: Puspikaryani Gusti Ayu Putu , Iin Kristanti I Gusti Ayu Made , Wibawa I Made Agus Yogeswara
Published: April 2022

World Health Organization (WHO) menyatakan penyakit virus Corona-19 sebagai global pandemi. Perencanaan dan pengadaan persediaan obat di instalasi farmasi harus dilakukan secara baik agar rumah sakit terhindar dari masalah kehabisan persediaan obat di gudang farmasi. Penelitian ini melihat penerapan strategi pengendalian persediaan obat di Rumah Sakit dengan menerapkan kombinasi metode ABC, metode konsumsi, dan metode epidemiologi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dari bulan Januari - Juli 2021. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini bersumber dari data sekunder. Dilakukan pengelompokan obat dengan menggunakan Metode ABC ke dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok A untuk persentase 0 - 70%, kelompok B untuk persentase > 70 - 90%, dan kelompok C untuk persentase > 90 - 100%. Hasil analisis ABC yang dilakukan untuk RSUD Bali Mandara Bulan Januari - Juli tahun 2021 diperoleh obat kelompok A sebanyak 38 item (17,43%), kelompok B sebanyak 43 item (19,72%), dan kelompok C sebanyak 137 item (62,84 %). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan dan pengadaan dengan menggunakan metode ABC, metode konsumsi dan metode epidemiologi cukup efektif untuk mengatasi kekosongan obat Covid-19 dan obat untuk gejala penyertanya.
Masalah Terkait Obat pada Pasien Onkologi: Apa yang Harus Diperhatikan oleh Apoteker?
Authors: Titiesari Yovita Diane , Nursalim Helin Yovina , Nathania Jessica
Published: April 2022

Pasien kanker seringkali memiliki regimen terapi yang kompleks dan rawan terjadi kesalahan pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan masalah, penyebab, dan klasifikasi obat yang berhubungan dengan masalah terkait obat (drug related problems/DRPs) pada pasien kanker. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Kasus DRP dilaporkan oleh apoteker klinis di rumah sakit khusus kanker selama periode Januari sampai Agustus 2021. DRP terkait obat kanker diklasifikasikan mengunakan sistem klasifikasi DRP menurut PCNE versi 9.1. Kelas terapi obat yang terlibat diklasifikasikan menggunakan klasifikasi berdasarkan MIMS. Dari 146 laporan DRP yang berhubungan dengan pasien kanker, masalah DRP yang paling banyak terjadi adalah keamanan pengobatan (63,7%) dan efektivitas pengobatan (17,81%). Penyebab DRP yang sering terjadi adalah pemilihan obat (38,06%), pemilihan dosis obat (21,94%), dan durasi terapi obat (14,84%). Selain itu, golongan obat yang mempengaruhi sistem saraf pusat, antiinfeksi, dan obat yang bekerja pada sistem kardiovaskular dan hematopoietik adalah jenis obat yang paling sering berkaitan dengan DRP. Apoteker harus lebih memperhatikan pemilihan obat dan dosis serta durasi pengobatan, tidak hanya pada kemoterapi tetapi juga pada obat-obatan pendukung kemoterapi, saat memberikan asuhan kefarmasian untuk pasien kanker.
Peran Apoteker Klinis dalam Tim Onkologi Multidisiplin untuk Meningkatkan Keamanan Pengobatan
Authors: Titiesari Yovita Dianie , Vidya Saraswati Luh Nyoman
Published: April 2022

Pendekatan multidisiplin sering kali digunakan dalam penanganan medis pada sekelompok pasien yang memiliki kompleksitas secara patogenesis maupun pengobatannya, salah satunya pada pasien kanker. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan peranan apoteker klinis dalam tim onkologi multidisiplin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif yang datanya diambil secara retrospektif di sebuah rumah sakit kanker di Indonesia. Intervensi yang dilakukan apoteker klinis terhadap masalah terkait obat (drug related problem/DRP) diklasifikasikan menggunakan PCNE Drug Related Problem versi 9.1. Tipe intervensi yang diberikan oleh apoteker klinis kemudian dikelompokkan sesuai klasifikasi yang diajukan oleh Allenet et al. Klasifikasi ini telah tervalidasi untuk mendokumentasikan intervensi oleh apoteker klinis yaitu penambahan obat baru, penghentian obat, penggantian obat, penggantian rute administrasi obat, pemantauan obat, optimasi mode administrasi dan penyesuaian dosis. Terdapat 148 intervensi yang dilakukan oleh apoteker klinis dari 146 masalah terkait obat yang ditemukan, 79,7% dari intervensi tersebut ditujukan langsung kepada dokter penulis resep. Intervensi yang paling sering diberikan oleh apoteker klinis yang penghentian terapi (45,9%), penyesuaian dosis (24,0%) dan penggantian terapi (8,2%). Dokter sebagai penulis resep menerima dengan baik intervensi yang diberikan dan mengimplementasikan intervensi tersebutsecara penuh pada 89,7% kasus. Apoteker merupakan bagian penting dalam tim multidisiplinonkologi yang berperan aktif dalam mendeteksi dan juga mengusulkan intervensi untuk mengurangi masalah terkait obat dan meningkatkan keamanan obat. Tingginya tingkat penerimaan intervensi menunjukkan bahwa intervensi yang diberikan oleh apoteker klinis sangatlah efektif dalam pengobatan pasien.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Berdasarkan Indikator Kinerja Pelayanan Kefarmasian Pada Puskesmas Wilayah Kota Kupang
Authors: Fudholi Achmad , Andayani Tri Murti , Satibi Satibi , Gilarsih Natalia
Published: April 2022

Berangkat dari permasalahan belum optimalnya penerapan penggunaan obat secara rasional pada pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia maka telah dikembangkan indikator khusus yang menjadi dasar penilaian kinerja pelayanan kefarmasian di puskesmas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan obat di puskesmas wilayah Kota Kupang berdasarkan indikator hasil metode Delphi yang dikembangkan oleh Satibi dkk. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, menggunakan data retrospektif tahun 2018 dan melalui observasi langsung. Pemilihan sampel puskesmas dilakukan dengan purposive sampling. Data hasil penelitian berupa data kuantitatif, dianalisis secara deskriptif dan 6 indikator diantaranya dibandingkan dengan standar Kemenkes RI dan WHO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan obat belum rasional sesuai standar WHO ataupun Kemenkes RI pada indikator item per resep, penggunaan obat generik dan pemberian oralit dan zink sedangkan indikator antibiotik pada diare non spesifik, antibiotik pada ISPA non pneumonia dan penggunaan injeksi pada myalgia telah memenuhi standar yang ada. Indikator biaya obat per kunjungan resep sebesar Rp.9.394 ± Rp.1.341 digunakan sebagai parameter dalam penetapan alokasi dana pengadaan obat tahun berikutnya dan indikator kejadian medication error tidak dapat dievaluasi karena tidak tersedianya dokumentasi tersebut. Kesimpulan menunjukkan puskesmas wilayah Kota Kupang masih mengalami masalah dalam jumlah item obat per resep, penggunaan obat generik, pemberian oralit dan zink dan pendokumentasian kejadian medication error. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tenaga kefarmasian yang dapat mendukung penggunaan obat rasional di puskesmas.