bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ECODENT Model for Enhancing Pro-Environmental Behaviors in Dentists
Authors: Antoniadou Maria
Published: September 2023

Climate changes challenges people’s life and sustainability. Environmental problems seem to derive from human behavior. Dentistry has a high environmental footprint that needs to be controlled worldwide. Thus, the change of behavior of dentists is a necessary condition to improve the environmental situation. In this study we use a system dynamics approach to analyze pro-environmental behavior in dentists. Systemic modelling in this case, allow us to make a clear prediction of how the population of non-eco dentists will change in the future if certain factors will be affected and how much time will be needed by the system of a group of dental professionals to become eco- dentists. The ECODENT model was designed with Vensim software. It was based on the influence of WOM (word of mouth) spread of information among colleagues and stakeholders (e.g. patients, auxiliary staff and community) and other factors such as dental income, state support, CaPex and OpEx, education hours, level of urbanization and time to react. By changing each one of them we can observe the changes in the groups of non-eco and eco dentists as well as the flow of the phenomenon. It is tested that by augmenting WOM parameter, state economic support or education hours, while diminishing CaPex and OpEx, changes in pro-environmental behaviors of dentist will be reported in a shorter time. The ECODENT model can be used to further study pro-environmentalism in different dental groups and associations and design relevant eco-friendly educational programs.
Investigation of Inner Lining Loss and Correlation with Steel Structure Ovality in Rotary Kilns
Authors: Zahradník David , Vynikal Jakub , Pavelka Karel
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the investigation was to determine the relationship between rotary kiln liner loss and steel structure ovality. As measurement apparatus, a terrestrial laser scanner was used. The interior and exterior of the rotary kiln were measured. The primary focus object was inner-lining loss and the geometric characteristics of cylindrical shells. The research uncovered significant disparities in inner lining loss between sections. A correlation was found between ovality and elimination of inner lining. Due to the hypothesis of constant inner linig loss from the middle of the rotary kiln, the investigation found that the loss of brick lining was less than the value reported from the boreholes. The study offers significant information on maintenance and repair strategies for rotary kilns, which have the potential to increase their efficiency and useful life.
Real-Time Monitoring of Laser-Induced Functionalisation of Transparent Conductive Oxide Films
Authors: Hosokai Takuya , Nomoto Junichi
Published: September 2023

Laser-induced functionalisation using excimer laser irradiation has been widely applied to transparent conductive oxide films. However, exploring suitable irradiation conditions is time-consuming and cost-ineffective as there are numerous routine film fabrication and analytical processes. Thus, we herein explored a real-time technique to monitor the laser-induced functionalisation of transparent conductive oxide films. We developed two types of monitoring apparatus, electrical and optical, and applied them to magnetron-sputtered Sn-doped In2O3 films grown on glass substrates and hydrogen-doped In2O3 films on glass or plastic substrates using a picosecond Nd:YAG pulsed laser. Both techniques could monitor the functionalisation from a change in properties of the films on glass substrates by laser irradiation, but electrical measurement was unsuitable for plastic samples because of a laser-induced degradation of the underlying plastic substrate, which harmed proper electrical contact. Instead, we demonstrated that the optical properties in the near-infrared region were suitable for the monitoring and the changes in the optical properties were visually detected in real-time by using a near-infrared camera.
Development of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for the Emerging Arbovirus Infections
Authors: Ormundo Leonardo Fontoura , Barreto Carolina Thome , Tsuruta Lilian Rumi
Published: September 2023

Antibody-based passive immunotherapy has been used effectively in the therapy and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Outbreaks of the emerging viral infections from arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) represent a global public health problem due to the rapid spread and urge actions and treatment of the infected individuals to combat them. Preparedness in advance developing antivirals and studies related to the epidemiology could protect us from damages and losses. Immunotherapy based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has shown to be very specific to combat infectious diseases and several illnesses. Recent advances in the mAb discovery techniques allowed the development and approval of a wide number of therapeutic mAbs. This review focuses on the technological approaches available to select neutralizing mAbs for emerging arbovirus infections and outstanding strategies to obtain highly effective and potent mAbs. The characteristics of mAbs developed as prophylactic and therapeutic antiviral agents for the dengue, Zika, chikungunya and West Nile virus are presented, as well as the protective effect verified in animal model studies.
Low-Pass Image Filtering to Achieve Adversarial Robustness
Authors: Ziyadinov Vadim , Tereshonok Maxim
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we continue the research cycle on the properties of convolutional neural network-based image recognition systems and ways to improve noise immunity and robustness [1]. Currently, a popular research area related to artificial neural networks is adversarial attacks. The effect of adversarial attacks on the image is not highly perceptible to the human eye, also it drastically reduces the neural network accuracy. Image perception by a machine is highly dependent on the propagation of high frequency distortions throughout the network. At the same time, a human efficiently ignores high-frequency distortions, perceiving the shape of objects as a whole. The approach proposed in this paper can improve the image recognition accuracy in the presence of high-frequency distortions, in particular, caused by adversarial attacks. The proposed technique makes it possible to measure up the logic of artificial neural network to that of a human, for whom high-frequency distortions are not decisive in object recognition.
Environmental Impact on RF and PLC for Advanced Metering Infrastructure in Smart Grids
Authors: BenRhouma Ons , Rebai Chiheb , Ben-Romdhane Manel , Di Cara Dario , Artale Giovanni , Panzavecchia Nicola
Published: September 2023

In the Neighborhood Area Network (NAN), the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) enables a bidirectional connection between the Smart Meter (SM) and the Data Concentrator (DC). Sensors, such as smart meter node or Radio Frequency transceiver, play a crucial role in collecting and transmitting data from meters to central unit for advanced monitoring, management, and analysis of energy consumption. Wired and wireless communication technologies can be used to implement the AMI-NAN. This paper delves into a novel approach for optimizing the choice of communication medium, Radio Frequency (RF) or Power-Line Communication (PLC), between the SM and DC in the context of AMI-NAN. The authors methodically select the specific technologies, RF and NB-PLC (Narrow Band Power-Line Communication), and meticulously characterize their attributes. Then, a comparative analysis spanning rural, urban, and industrial settings is conducted to evaluate the proposed method. The overall reliability performance of the AMI-NAN system requires a Packet Error Rate (PER) lower than 10%. To this end, a comprehensive methodology is introduced to assess and enhance the reliability of NB-PLC and RF for AMI-NAN applications. Simulation results demonstrate that wireless communication is the optimal choice for the rural scenario, especially for Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) lower than 25 dB. However, in urban environments characterized by higher SNR values and moderately dense networks, NB-PLC gains prominence. In denser networks, it outperforms wireless communication, exhibiting a remarkable 10 dB gain for a bit error rate (BER) of 10-3. Moreover, in industrial zones characterized by intricate network topologies and non-linear loads, the powerline channel emerges as the optimal choice for data transmission, affording a gain surpassing 20 dB.
Incobotulinumtoxin A and Yoga-Like Isometric Exercise in Adolescent Idiopathic Lumbar Scoliosis – a Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Fishman Loren Martin
Published: September 2023

Incobotulinumtoxin A and Yoga-like Isometric Exercise in Adolescent Idiopathic Lumbar Scoliosis – a randomized pilot study

Abstract:

Background:

Approximately 90% of scoliosis is adolescent idiopathic (AIS). From its first appearance at 10-14 until age 18 it is most vulnerable to deterioration; young people are most susceptible to the condition worsening. An effective non-surgical means of remediation would be welcome.

Design:

Randomized control two-arm study, assessing the safety and efficacy of combining incobotulinum injections with yoga to reverse lumbar and thoracolumbar AIS.

Methods:

In a private clinic setting, non-pregnant healthy 12 – 18 year-olds were either taught a symmetrical “placebo” yoga pose (control sub-group 1), given the side plank (Vasisthasana) done thrice daily with placebo injection (control sub-group 2) or given the thrice-daily side-plank with botulinum injection (Intervention group 3). Injection: 33 IU of incobotulinum toxin type A (Xeomin) injected into concave-side lumbar paraspinals and quadratus lumborum at L2-3 and the psoas muscle at L3-4, or injected similarly with placebo. Randomization by Random.com.

Objective: Assess whether muscular asymmetry treated with botulinum toxin injection and the side-plank are safe and effective in AIS.
Results:

Outcome:

Twelve intervention and 12 placebo patients (Groups 1 + 2), 12 -18 years old completed the three-month study period. Mean daily side-plank time = 165 seconds. Mean initial lumbar curvature was 36.9 degrees (SD 14.36), (p<0.0001); mean curvature at 3 weeks was 29.5 degrees. (SD 14.23) (p<0.0001); mean curvature at 3 months was 26.0 degrees (SD 12.81) Onset vs 3-month value: p<0.0001. Two patients in Group 3 complained of shoulder pain, and 2 of wrist pain that resolved when the side-plank was done on the elbow.

Conclusion:

Muscle asymmetry appears relevant to AIS treatment. Incobotulinum injections combined with the side-plank done with the convex side downward may be safe and helpful in adolescent idiopathic lumbar scoliosis.
Material Design-for-Excellence (M-DFX) – A New Holistic Analysis for Glass and Basalt Composite Materials
Authors: Sousa Susana P.B. , Baptista António J. , Marques António Torres
Published: September 2023

Advanced composite materials have drawn significant interest in the last years as an alternative to traditional materials due to their higher performance. However, industry struggle to provide low-cost, higher occupational safety, lower footprint with composites, making them suitable for holistic analyses. Therefore, the material design becomes an essential element that can impact the competitiveness, particularly in terms of productivity, circularity, safety, sustainability, and quality of the value chain. The Material Design-for-eXcellence is a state-of-art methodology for material performance multi-dimensional assessment along its life cycle phases, either useful to support ma-terial selection for new products or also to new material design support optimizing resource effi-ciency. In this methodology, the material behaviour and its multiple characteristics assessment, and the manufacturing processes efficiency are evaluated. The framework considers the analogy of product design holistic approaches, as Lean Design-for-X, to organize and assess the mul-ti-dimensional performance for each “X” Material Property. In this work, it was possible to observe that the bio-based composites solutions could be a good sustainable alternative for several sectors. Every day researchers are creating more new materials, having a diversity of properties at different scales, Material Design-for-eXcellence must also in the near future consider other factors. Hence, additional studies are thus foreseen to explore and develop this new tool.
The Sustainable Material Culture (SMC): A Review
Authors: Fucà Romina , Cubico Serena , Ardolino Piermatteo , Rosiello Francesco
Published: September 2023

We confidently approach current issues in Green Finance (GF) from the perspective of an international organization, where the first author has previous experience as a support assistant. In fact, the economy of the EU (European Union) is deeply involved in the changing needs related to the dramatic consequences of climate change and environmental degradation, which has placed the needs of a more sustainable economy at the top of the international agenda. The environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspects are marginally addressed to arouse a major interest in questions raised by green financial products which require long-term profit expectations, and which above all contain a risk margin that is difficult to calculate in the landscape of traditional financial instruments. Through a careful approach akin to artificial intelligence research methods, we attempt to “materialize” at least the most visible clues of this fashionable economic shift through what we call SMC (sustainable material culture) objects.
Bone Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloartritis: An Updated Review
Authors: Orsini Francesco , Crotti Chiara , Cincinelli Gilberto , Di Taranto Raffaele , Amati Andrea , Ferrito Matteo , Varenna Massimo , Caporali Roberto
Published: September 2023

Several rheumatologic diseases are primarily distinguished by their involvement of bone tissue, where it not only serves as a mere target of the condition but often plays a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. This scenario is particularly prominent in chronic inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). Given the immunological and systemic nature of these diseases, in this review, we report an overview of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the specific bone involvement, focusing on the complex interactions that occur between bone tissue's own cells and the molecular and cellular actors of the immune system, a recent and fascinating field of interest defined osteoimmunology. Specifically, we have comprehensively elaborated on the distinct pathogenic mechanisms of bone erosion seen in both rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis, as well as the characteristic process of aberrant bone formation observed in spondyloarthritis. Lastly, chronic inflammatory arthritis lead to systemic bone involvement, resulting in systemic bone loss and consequent osteoporosis, along with increased skeletal fragility.
Hormonal Interplay Leading to Black Knot Disease Establishment and Progression in Plums
Authors: Shinde Ranjeet , Ayyanath Murali Mohan , Shukla Mukund , El Kayal Walid , Saxena Praveen Kumar , Subramanian Jayasankar
Published: September 2023

Black Knot (BK) is a deadly disease of European (Prunus domestics) and Japanese (Prunus salicina) plums caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Apiosporina morbosa. After infection, the appearance of warty black knots indicates a phytohormonal imbalance in infected tissues. Based on this hypothesis, we quantified phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, tryptophan, indoleamines (N-acetylserotonin, serotonin, and melatonin), and cytokinins (zeatin, 6-benzyladenine, and 2-isopentenyladenine) in temporally collected tissues of susceptible and resistant genotypes belonging to European and Japanese plums during of BK progression. The results suggested auxin-cytokinins interplay driven by A. morbosa appears to be vital in disease progression by hampering the plant defense system. Taken together, our results indicate the possibility of using the phytohormone profile as a biomarker for BK resistance in plums.
The Tunable Electronic and Optical Properties of Two-Dimensional Bismuth Oxyhalides
Authors: Zhou Yong , Cheng Beitong , Huang Shuai , Huang Xingyong , Jiang Ruomei , Wang Xule , Zhang Wei , Jia Baonan , Lu Pengfei , Song Hai-Zhi
Published: September 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) have attracted much attention as potential optoelectronic materials. Expecting for their application diversity, we herewith systematically investigate the tunable properties of 2D BiOX by using first principles calculations. Their electronic and optical properties can be modulated by changing the number of monolayers, applying strain, and/or varying the halogen composition. The bandgap shrinks monotonically and approaches the bulk value, the optical absorption coefficient increases, and the absorption spectrum redshifts, as the layer number of 2D BiOX increases. Carrier transport property can be improved by applying tensile strain, and the ability of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution can be obtained by applying compressive strain. General strain engineering will be effective in linearly tune the bandgap of BiOX in a wide strain range. Strain together with halogen composition variation can tune the optical absorption spectrum to be on demand in the range from visible to ultraviolet. It suggests that that 2D BiOX materials have potential serving as tunable novel photodetectors, can be used to improve clean energy techniques, and are prospective in the field of flexible optoelectronics.
A Novel Approach for Individual Design Perception based on Fuzzy Inference System Training with YUKI Algorithm
Authors: Benaissa Brahim , Kobayashi Masakazu , Kinoshita Keita , Takenouchi Hiroshi
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a novel approach for individual design perception modeling using the YUKI-trained Fuzzy Inference System. The study focuses on understanding how individuals perceive design based on personality traits, particularly openness to experience. The proposed YUKI algorithm optimizes the FCM clustering algorithm, enhancing its ability to handle uncertain and imprecise data. The YUKI-trained FIS generates several Sugeno-type FIS models to predict design perception, to minimize the Root Mean Squared Error between the model prediction and the actual design perception of participants. The results demonstrate that the YUKI-trained FIS offers more accurate predictions compared to the traditional FCM-trained FIS, and the RMSE values for individual design perceptions fall within a satisfactory range of 0.84 to 1.32. The YUKI-trained FIS proves effective in clustering individuals based on their level of openness, providing insights into how personality traits influence design perception.
Implementation of Elzaki HPM for Semi-Analytical Solution upon Two-Dimensional Fuzzy Fractional Heat Equation
Authors: Kapoor Mamta , D. G. Prakasha , P. Veeresha , Turki Nasser Bin , Shah Nehad Ali
Published: September 2023

In this research, a computation algorithm is established for a fractional order 2D fuzzy heat equation. In this study, Elzaki transform and HPM fusion is produced. Computing the desired outcome in series yields a fast convergence on an appropriate response. Examples are provided to support the conclusions, which are then compared with a particular approach to show the effectiveness and potential of the suggested approach. Two crisp equations—one for the lower bound solution and one for the upper bound solution are constructed from the input fuzzy fractional heat equation. The contour and surface representations of the approximate and exact results are offered for the lower and upper-bound solutions. The l∞-error norm is used in this study to validate the numerical convergence aspect. Together with the absolute inaccuracy, the approximate and exact solutions are matched. It has been demonstrated that the proposed regime will make it feasible to work with fuzzy fractional partial differential equations in a wide range of dimensions.
Ultrafast infrared laser crystallization of amorphous Ge films on glass substrates
Authors: Cheng Yuzhu , Bulgakov Alexander V. , Bulgakova Nadezhda M. , Beránek Jiří , Zukerstein Martin , Milekhin Ilya A. , Popov Alexander A. , Volodin Vladimir A.
Published: September 2023

Amorphous germanium films on non-refractory glass substrates were annealed by ultrashort near-infrared (1030 nm, 1.4 ps) and mid-infrared (1500 nm, 70 fs) laser pulses. Crystallization of germanium irradiated at a laser energy density (fluence) range from 25 to 400 mJ/cm2 under single-shot and multi-shot conditions was investigated using Raman spectroscopy. The dependence of the fraction of the crystalline phase on the fluence was obtained for picosecond and femtosecond laser annealings. The regimes of almost complete crystallization of germanium films over the entire thickness are obtained (from the analysis of Raman spectra with excitation of 785 nm laser). The possibility of scanning laser processing is shown, which can be used to create films of micro and nanocrystalline germanium on flexible substrates.
The Role of Early Functional Electrostimulation in Partial Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury Cats: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gouveia Débora , Cardoso Ana , Carvalho Carla , Moisés Marina , Do Rosário Bernardo Trovão , Oliveira Ana Catarina , Rijo Inês , Loureiro Inês , Silva Cátia , Almeida António , Gamboa Óscar , Sousa Ana Catarina , Lopes Bruna , Sousa Patrícia , Moreira Alícia , Coelho André Filipe , Rêma Alexandra , Simões Maria João , Meireles Carla Sofia , Balça Maria Manuel , Salgado António José , Alvites Rui , Varejão Artur  Severo P. , Maurício Ana Colette , Ferreira António , Martins Ângela
Published: September 2023

This prospective cohort pilot study included 22 cats diagnosed with partial traumatic brachial plexus injury (PTBPI), aiming to explore the response of an early intensive neurorehabilitation protocol. This protocol included functional electrical stimulation (FES), locomotor treadmill training and kinesiotherapy exercises, starting at the time with highest probability of nerve repair. The synergetic benefits of this multimodal approach were based on the structural and protective role of proteins and release of neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, parametrization of FES was according to presence or absence of deep pain. Results have shown 72.6% (16/22) cats that achieved ambulation, with 9 cats within 15 days, 2 cats until 30 days and 5 cats until 60 days, however with persistent knuckling position. During the 4 years follow-up, there was evidence of improvement on both muscle mass and muscle weakness, in addition to the disappearance of neuropathic pain. Notably, after the 60 days of neurorehabilitation, 3 cats improved ambulation after arthrodesis of the carpus. Thus, early rehabilitation, with FES applied at the first weeks after injury and accurate parametrization according to deep pain perception, may improve functionality and ambulation, reducing probability of amputation of the affected limb.
One Kind Method for Constructing Knowledge Graph of Yijing
Authors: Zheng Xinqi , Liu Haiyan , Zhang Guopeng
Published: September 2023

Due to the inclusion of both the principles and divination methods, the study of Yijing (Yijing) becomes more complex. The complex data types, diverse semantic relationships, and unclear influencing mechanisms in Yijing pose challenges to its scientific research. Knowledge graph, as an advanced way of organizing knowledge, can provide technical support in exploring the hidden connections and knowledge structure within text resources. This paper proposes a method of constructing a Yijing knowledge graph based on Neo4j. By analyzing the concepts, entities, and various related relationships in Yijing, the method discusses the basic architecture, data model, and implementation steps of constructing the Yijing knowledge graph. It also extracts, integrates, and structures the Yijing knowledge, allowing for inquiries, associations, and reasoning about the knowledge and its various elements. By adopting a top-down approach, the paper reconstructs the fundamental knowledge system of the Yijing, including yin-yang, the five elements, generation and restriction, 64 hexagrams, and six lines(yao). It establishes a knowledge graph pattern layer and a data layer that encompass concepts, attributes, and relationships. With the technical support of the Neo4j platform, the visualization and retrieval of Yijing knowledge are realized, providing new ideas and methods for studying the mechanisms of the Yijing. The proposed method of constructing a Yijing knowledge graph can be expanded to other types of ancient scripture knowledge graph research and can be applied to the field of digital humanities, promoting in-depth cross-disciplinary research and integration.
What Does ChatGPT Think about the Scientification of Yijing?
Authors: Zheng Xinqi , Liu Haiyan
Published: September 2023

The debate surrounding the scientific interpretation of Yijing has been ongoing, yet thus far, a systematic, comprehensive, and objective explanation of its scientization remains elusive. The intricate nature of Yijing' scientific content makes it challenging to gain universal acceptance. The emergence of ChatGPT presents a new opportunity to delve into the scientific aspects of Yijing. Leveraging the support of ChatGPT, this paper explores the potential for scientization of Yijing and the possibility of establishing a new scientific research paradigm through in-depth dialogue with ChatGPT. It examines various aspects including the evolution of scientific paradigms, perspectives from detractors and opponents of Yijing, as well as existing challenges and approaches to its scientization. The ideas presented in this paper may offer enlightening insights for further exploration of Yijing.
Listeria monocytogenes ST37 Distribution in Russia and Properties of the Clinical and Food-Born Isolates
Authors: Voronina Olga L. , Kunda Marina S. , Ryzhova Natalia N. , Aksenova Ekaterina I. , Kustova Margarita A. , Karpova Tatyana I. , Melkumyan Alina R , Klimova Elena A. , Gruzdeva Olga A. , Tartakovsky Igor S.
Published: September 2023

Listerias of the phylogenetic lineage II (PLII) are common in the European environment, and are hypovirulent. Despite this, they caused more than a third of sporadic cases of listeriosis, and multi-country foodborne outbreaks. L. monocytogenes ST37 is one of them. During the COVID-19 pandemic ST37 appeared in the clinical cases and ranked second in occurrence among food isolates in the Moscow region. The aim of this study was to describe the genomic features of ST37 isolates from different sources. All clinical cases of ST37 were in the cohort of male patients (age, 48-81 years) with meningitis-septicemia manifestation, and COVID-19 or Influenza in the anamnesis. The core genomes of the fish isolates were closely related. The clinical and meat isolates revealed a large diversity. Prophages (2-4/genome) were the source of the unique genes. Two clinical isolates displayed the pseudolysogeny, and excided prophages were A006-like. Absence of the plasmids, the assortment of virulence factors and resistance determinants in chromosome corresponded to the hypovirulent characteristics. However, all clinical isolates caused severe disease with deaths in four cases. Thus, these studies allow us to speculate that a previous viral infection increases a human susceptibility to listeriosis.
Applications of Extended Reality in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Nazzal Ehab M. , Zsidai Bálint , Hiemstra Laurie A. , Lustig Sébastien , Samuelsson Kristian , Musahl Volker
Published: September 2023

➤ Extended reality is a term that encompasses different modalities, including virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality.

➤ Although fully immersive virtual reality has benefits for developing procedural memory and technical skills, augmented and mixed reality are more appropriate modalities for preoperative planning and intraoperative utilization.

➤ Current investigations on the role of extended reality in preoperative planning and intraoperative utilization are still in the early stages, but preliminarily show that extended reality technologies can help surgeons to be more accurate and efficient.
Racial/Ethnic and Gender Diversity of Orthopaedic Journal Editorial Boards
Authors: Pujari Amit , Johnson Franchesca , Little Milton T. , Forsh David A. , Okike Kanu
Published: September 2023

Background:

In the current era of evidence-based medicine, scientific publications play a crucial role in guiding patient care. While the lack of diversity among orthopaedic surgeons has been well documented, little is known about the diversity of orthopaedic journal editorial boards. The purpose of this study was to assess the racial/ethnic and gender diversity of U.S. orthopaedic journal editorial boards.

Methods:

The editorial boards of 13 orthopaedic journals were examined, including 10 subspecialty and 3 general orthopaedic journals. Race/ethnicity and gender were determined for each editorial board member. The representation observed on orthopaedic journal editorial boards was compared with representation at other phases of the orthopaedic pipeline, as well as within the various subspecialty fields of orthopaedics. Logistic regression and t tests were used to evaluate these comparisons.

Results:

We identified 876 editorial board members of the 13 journals; 14.0% were Asian, 1.9% were Black, 1.9% were Hispanic, 2.4% were multiracial/other, and 79.7% were White. Racial/ethnic representation was similar across the subspecialty fields of orthopaedics (p > 0.05). The representation of women on orthopaedic editorial boards was 7.9%, with differences in gender diversity observed across subspecialty fields (p < 0.05). Among journals in the subspecialty fields of spine and trauma, female editorial board representation was lower than expected, even after taking into account the representation of women in these subspecialty fields (2.0% versus 9.0% [p = 0.002] and 3.8% versus 10.0% [p = 0.03], respectively).

Conclusions:

In this study of 13 subspecialty and general orthopaedic journals, the representation of racial/ethnic minorities and women on editorial boards was similar to their representation in academic orthopaedics. However, these values remain low in comparison with the population of patients treated by orthopaedic surgeons. Given the importance of scientific publications in the current era of evidence-based medicine, orthopaedic journals should continue working to diversify the membership of their editorial boards.
Impact of cross-border data flows on goods and services flows in international trade
Authors: Varlamova J. A. , Podkorytova O. A.
Published: September 2023

Objective: to assess the impact of cross-border data flows on imports and exports.

Methods: static panel data models, graphical method.

Results: the paper shows that currently the issues of the digitalization impact on economic processes are insufficiently studied from an empirical point of view, and the conclusions obtained by the researchers are quite contradictory. To assess the impact of digitalization, the authors formed a model with fixed effects, the variables of which are indicators of exports and imports of goods and services of geographical macro-regions, the use of international bandwidth, oil rents, investment indicators, etc. The main conclusion is that the use of international data transmission channels has a statistically significant effect on export and import flows. Modeling in terms of geographical macro-regions showed that the impact of international data flows on export and import flows was uneven.

Scientific novelty: the negative impact of international data flows on exports in Latin America and the Caribbean and imports in Europe and Central Asia, East Asia and the Pacific is shown. A quantitative assessment of the impact of cross-border data flows on international trade flows gives grounds to assert the ambiguous consequences of digital transformation in relation to international trade for certain geographical macro-regions.

Practical significance: conclusions based on the study results can become the basis for assessing the consequences of measures aimed at increasing the country’s involvement in the globalization and digitalization processes. The study results can also be used to further assess the impact of international data flows on international trade indicators during external shocks and to determine the specifics of this relationship during increased macroeconomic instability and risk.
Scientific creativity of an outstanding Russian jurist M. N. Gernet and his role in developing criminal legal sciences and criminology in the pre-revolutionary period
Authors: Kobets P. N.
Published: September 2023

Objective: to comprehensively study the results of the work of an outstanding Russian jurist and scientist, Professor

N. Gernet, and his role in the formation and improvement of the criminal-legal and criminological science in prerevolutionary jurisprudence.

Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, and sociological.

Results: it is proved that, being the author of serious scientific developments in the field of criminal law and fundamental criminological research printed in pre-revolutionary Russia, M. N. Gernet laid the foundation for the further formation of criminological doctrine, which later became a sub-branch of criminal law science, thus significantly influencing the formation of the humanistic principle in the Russian criminal-legal theory. Analysis of M. N. Gernet’s works allows the author to assert that they identify many shortcomings in fighting crime by solely criminal-repressive methods, and also to show the negative phenomena in the field of assigning criminal penalties, which were created by the judicial practice in force at that time, which used various means to intimidate the population.

Scientific novelty: the author’s approach to the analysis of the pre-revolutionary scientific heritage of Professor M. N. Gernet, as well as individual scientific works of his students and followers, allowed the author to conduct a comprehensive scientific study of the life, activities, scientific creativity of the greatest Russian jurist and scientist, Professor M. N. Gernet, as well as his role in the formation and development of criminal law and criminological science in pre-revolutionary jurisprudence.

significance: the author’s conclusions proposed in this study can act as a theoretical basis in conducting new research concerning the results of scientific creativity of the Russian jurists developing various scientific criminal law and criminological areas of jurisprudence.
Fault Diagnosis for Power Grids under Disaster Weather Based on a Random Self-regulating Algorithm
Authors: Wang Tao , Liu Liyuan , Ying Ruixuan , Zhou Chunyu
Published: September 2023

With the change of global climate and environment, different types of disaster weather occur more and more frequently, leading to a large number of power security accidents. The disaster weather not only brings risks to the normal operation of power grids, but also affects their fault diagnosis accuracy. Considering the fault risk of power grids under disaster weather, the self-test information of protection devices and weather data are introduced to propose a novel fault diagnosis method for power grids based on a random self-regulating algorithm. Firstly, a diagnosis analytic model is established based on the alarm, weather and self-test information of power outage areas. Secondly, three types of self-regulating trust factors are introduced into the analytic model to strengthen its fault diagnosis ability in the context of disaster weather. Finally, a random self-regulating algorithm is proposed to solve the analytic model to obtain a fault hypothesis. Case studies verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, which also has good fault tolerance to the abnormal action of protection devices and the distortion of alarm information.
Preexisting Enhancing Antibodies in Vaccinated Participants Accelerate Dengue Virus 1 Infection Following Live Virus Human Challenge
Authors: Lyke Kirsten , Chua Joel , Koren Michael , Friberg Heather , Gromowski Gregory , Rapaka Rekha , Waickman Adam , Joshi Sudhaunshu , Strauss Kathleen , McCracken Michael , Gutierrez-Barbosa Hernando , Shrestha Biraj , Bernal Paula , Barrera Rafael De La , Currier Jeffrey , Jarman Richard , Edelman Robert
Published: September 2023

Dengue Human Infection Models (DHIM) are needed to down-select dengue vaccine candidates and establish tetravalent efficacy before advanced clinical field trials. As part of a randomized heterologous prime-boost vaccine strategy, participants received a tetravalent dengue (TDEN) Purified Inactivated Vaccine (PIV) prime followed by a TDEN Live Attenuated Vaccine (LAV) boost at 28, 90 or 180 days. Vaccinated participants (n = 6) aged 18–50 years, with detectable pre-challenge TDEN antibody titers, and flavivirus-naïve control participants (n = 4) were inoculated with DENV-1 strain 45AZ5, 27–65 months following booster dosing. Daily quantitative PCR detected DENV-1 RNA in nine of 10 participants (5/6 vaccinees and 4/4 controls). The mean onset of RNAemia occurred on day 5 (range 5–6) in vaccinees versus day 8 (range 7–10) in controls, P = 0.007, with a trend towards reduced RNAemia duration in vaccinees (8.2 days vs. 10.5, P = 0.056). Mild to moderate symptoms, leukopenia, and transaminitis were commonly observed. Severe adverse events were detected only in vaccinees, including fever > 102.1°F (n = 3) and headache (n = 1), with one transient Grade 4 AST. Immunologic and transcriptomic analyses revealed vaccinees developed rapid and more robust upregulation of pathogen-induced gene markers of inflammatory innate and effector responses, in the setting of pre-existing antibodies and in vitro evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement, compared to naïve controls. We conclude that TDEN-PIV-primed, TDEN-LAV-boosted participants were unprotected against DENV-1 infection and further, showed increased clinical, immunologic, and transcriptomic evidence of inflammation potentially mediated by preexisting infection-enhancing antibodies. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04786457.
Spin transport of a doped Mott insulator in moiré heterostructures
Authors: Wang Feng , Regan Emma , Lu Zheyu , Wang Danqing , Zhang Yang , Devakul Trithep , Nie Jacob , Zhang Zuocheng , Zhao Wenyu , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Tongay Sefaattin , Zettl Alex , Fu Liang
Published: September 2023

Moiré superlattices of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterobilayers are model systems for investigating strongly correlated electronic phenomena1-12. Specifically, WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattices has emerged as a quantum simulator for the 2D extended Hubbard model1,2, which hosts fascinating correlated charge and spin physics. Experimental studies of charge transport have revealed correlated Mott insulator1,2 and generalized Wigner crystal states1, but spin transport of the moiré heterostructure has not yet been explored. Here, we use spatial- and temporal-resolved circular dichroism spectroscopy to directly image the spin transport as a function of carrier doping and temperature in WSe2/WS2 moiré heterostructures. We observe diffusive spin transport at all hole concentrations at 11 Kelvin, including the Mott insulator at one hole per moiré unit cell, where charge transport is strongly suppressed. At elevated temperatures the spin diffusion constant remains unchanged at the Mott insulator state, but it increases significantly at finite doping away from the Mott state. The doping- and temperature-dependent spin transport can be qualitatively understood using a t-J model, where spins can move via hopping of spin-carrying charges and via the exchange interaction. From the measured spin diffusion constant, we can estimate the effective hopping amplitude t and exchange coupling J in the superlattice. Our results demonstrate opportunities for exploring novel spin physics in correlated electronic systems using TMD moiré superlattices.
The RNA virome of human and animal parasitic nematodes
Authors: Quek Shannon , Hadermann Amber , Wu Yang , De Coninck Lander , Hegde Shrilakshmi , Boucher Jordan , Cresswell Jessica , Foreman Ella , Steven Andrew , LaCourse E. , Ward Stephen , Wanji Samuel , Hughes Grant , Patterson Edward , Wagstaff Simon , Turner Joseph , Heinz Eva , Matthijnssens Jelle , Colebunders Robert , Taylor Mark
Published: September 2023

Screening published transcriptomes, we have discovered 75 RNA viruses that infect 27 species of parasitic nematodes, responsible for >1.5 billion infections in people and animals. Our analysis shows extensive diversity and a conserved global spread of virus/nematode associations across multiple continents suggesting an ancestral acquisition event and host-virus co-evolution. Characterization of viruses of Brugia malayi (BMRV1) and Onchocerca volvulus (OVRV1) shows that these viruses are abundant in reproductive tissues of adult parasites, suggesting sexual/vertical transmission routes. One striking feature was the presence of BMRV1 RNA in epicuticular inflations in older parasites. BMRV1 and OVRV1 elicit antibody responses from the vertebrate host demonstrating direct exposure to the immune system. The parasites hosting these viruses have an intimate, chronic and life-long exposure to vertebrate tissues creating the opportunity to cross species barriers and so act as a novel paradigm for parasitic nematode diseases and a potential hidden reservoir of emerging viral diseases.
Cervical Cancers Diagnosed Across Ghana, a Study of Histopathological Characteristics and Hpv Type Distribution Using an Automated Ampfire Pcr Detection System
Authors: Akakpo Patrick Kafui , Imbeah Emmanuel Gustav , Ulzen-Appiah Kofi , Wiredu Edwin Kwame , Darkwa-Abrahams Afua , Adjei Ernest , Amo-Antwi Kwabena , Amo Ernest Obeng , Der Edmund Mounir
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Due to the absence of a national screening and vaccination program, the burden of cervical cancer in Ghana is staggering. Geographical variations in high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (hrHPV) incidence and type have been documented and should be considered during vaccine improvement and screening, especially in Low Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). We determined the types of hrHPV associated with cervical cancer and compared this to histopathological characteristics of cervical cancer.
Methods:
Cervical cancers were assessed for histopathological features by two independent pathologists following WHO 2014 and 2022 guidelines for the reporting of cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma (EAC). In addition, the novel Tumour Budding and Nest Size Grade (TBNS) for SCC, SILVA pattern of invasion for EAC and Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) were assessed. High Risk HPV testing was done using an isothermal, multiplex nucleic acid amplification method from ATILA biosystem (Mountain View California, USA).
Results:
A total of 297 cases were identified for the study with ages ranging from 20 to 95 years. The peak age group for cervical cancer was 46 to 55 years. For those tested, hrHPV positivity rate was 85.4% [ EAC (84.6%) and SCC (85.6%)]. The top five hrHPV serotypes for both histological cancers were 59(40%), 35(32%), 18(30%), 16(15%), and 33(10%) respectively. Approximately, 58.2% of infections were multiple. Single hrHPV infections were mostly caused by 59 (28.9%), and hrHPV 16 (26.3%). TBNS grade for SCC, SILVA pattern of invasion for EAC and TILs did not show any statistically significant relationship with hrHPV, though TBNS grade for SCC and SILVA invasion pattern for EAC mirrored the reported late stage and poor prognosis of cervical cancer in Ghana.
Conclusion:
We affirm reported variations in hrHPV types in cervical cancer in Ghana with hrHPV types such as 59, 35, and 33 playing a more significant role. Variations should guide vaccine improvement and triaging of hrHPV positives. Though multiple infections are more common, some hrHPV types such as hrHPV 16 and 59 are responsible for most single infections that result in cervical cancer. Simple haematoxylin and eosin-based morphological assessments can improve the prognostication of patients with cervical cancer.
Femoral bone metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in osimertinib-treated patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tanaka Ichidai , Gen Soei , Morise Masahiro , Koyama Junji , Kodama Yuta , Matsui Akira , Miyazawa Ayako , Hase Tetsunari , Hibino Yoshitaka , Yokoyama Toshihiko , Kimura Tomoki , Yoshida Norio , Sato Mitsuo , Ishii Makoto
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have higher frequency of bone metastases than those of wild type; however, the metastatic pattern and the influence on clinical outcome remains unclear. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the association between bone metastatic sites and the clinical efficacy of the third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), osimertinib, in these patients.
Methods:
Clinical data of patients with advanced-NSCLC harboring EGFR mutation (N=411) at five medical institutions were retrospectively assessed for bone metastatic sites, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
Results:
Bone metastases was found in 41.1% of the patients at diagnosis, including 13.1% for single lesion, 8.0% for double lesions, and 20.0% for multiple lesions (≥3). Among them, vertebra (76.3%) and pelvis (60.9%) were most frequent metastatic sites. Femoral-, sternum-, and scapula-metastases were remarkably increased in the patients with multiple-bone metastasis. In the common EGFR-mutant NSCLC patient treated with osimertinib, both the OS and the PFS of the patients with femoral bone metastasis were remarkable significant shorter than those of the patients without femoral bone metastasis (OS; not reached vs. 12.1 months, P< 0.0001, and PFS; 17.2 vs. 9.3 months, P < 0.0018). Furthermore, a multivariable cox regression analysis, including several poor prognostic factors such as L858R mutation and liver metastasis, demonstrated that femoral bone metastasis was a statistically independent predictor of OS.
Conclusion:
Femoral bone metastasis is notably associate with poor survival of EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients who were treated with osimertinib, and is an independent prognostic factor of OS.