bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminism in Inter-War Greece: An Anthology
Authors: Offen Karen
Published: July 2012

The collection below was published in Greek by Gnosi ("Knowledge") Publications in Athens. It inaugurates a series on women's history by this press in a country whose universities as yet offer no women's history courses and where no women's studies programs exist. This translation of part of the Editors' Note and Preface by Angelos Kokkinos offers a bitter indictment by the editors of academic Greek historiography's utter disinterest in the history of Greek women or of Greek feminism. The Co-Editors of the Journal of Women's History encourage its international readers to submit similar excerpts or descriptions in translation of important feminist historical works not yet available in English. Feminism in Inter-War Greece represents a heroic effort at retreival of women's past, indeed a rather recent past, that was already fading from sight when a group of young activist Greek university women began to reclaim it. The women whose words they have retrieved from time's ravages (Maria Svollou, Roza Imvrioti, Alkis Thrilos, Sofia Antoniadou, to name but a few) are not known to us-but like many women whose names we know better, they should be considered previous witnesses. They young women who edited this collection, Efi Avdela and Angelica Psarra, have committed a heroic act in preserving these texts and their authors from oblivion, a strange oblivion resulting when political needs as defined by male leadership of Greek progressive politics overpowered and drowned out the women's claims. We are reminded by these texts and their editors how difficult it can be to sustain feminist momentum in difficult political circumstances, and we thank them for the courage and conviction that made this material once again available.
The Inconsistency of United States Foreign Policy in the Aftermath of the Cyprus Invasion: The Turkish Arms Embargo and its Termination
Authors: Kassimeris Christos
Published: July 2012

When Turkey invaded Cyprus in 1974, both NATO and United States interests were impacted. The United States adopted measures to preserve its interests in the Eastern Mediterranean and maintain the cohesion of NATO's southern flank. But the U.S. Congress imposed an embargo on arms sales to Turkey. This had serious implications for American foreign policy and brought out the sharp divisions between the legislature and the executive branches over issues of enforcing regulations governing arms sales and the need to preserve national interests. An examination of the conflicting interests of all pertinent actors is revealing and exposes the "purposeful inconsistency" of U.S. foreign policy in this instance.
The National Library of Greece: Its Situation and Prospects for Development with a Note on Academic Libraries in Greece
Authors: Zachos Georgios K.
Published: July 2012

The National Library of Greece (NLG) has had a long and checkered career. Founded in the earliest years of the modern Greek state, it has long been a repository of books, newspapers, and other materials relating to Greece and the Greeks. It has weathered all manner of crises and neglect, but more recently it has benefited from new financial support, much of it from the European Union. Although there is much work to be done, it is moving ahead and stands poised to take its place among the national libraries of the developed world. A full accounting of the history, collections, services, and operations is here provided by the former Director of the NLG followed by an extensive note on the more positive situation of academic libraries in Greece.
Howe, Greece, and Byron's Helmet
Authors: Eliot C. W. J.
Published: July 2012

"[A] helmet and a sword, and a crown of laurel," these were the objects placed on Byron's coffin in Missolonghi in April 1824. Three years later on Poros, Dr. Samuel Howe bought one of Byron's helmets, and Col. Jonathan Miller, also an American Philhellene, one of his swords. Both carried their prizes to America, and the sword is still in Vermont. As for the helmet, Dr. Howe kept it in his house in South Boston; it finally passed in 1926 to his daughter Maud Howe Elliott, who returned it to Greece. Is this the helmet that was placed on Byron's coffin? Proof of the connection is lacking, but the sword was once owned by Loukas Chalandritsanos, Byron's last page, as a gift from the master, and the helmet may have had the same history.
Palmerston and the Cretan Question, 1839-1841
Authors: Stavrinos Miranda
Published: July 2012

Crete was not included in the Greek kingdom established in 1830. Consequently, the Cretan Question became one of the major issues of Greek irredentism during the 19th century. Owing to its strategic location, Crete was vitally important to the British for protecting the sea-lanes to their eastern empire. Palmerston, the British foreign secretary, was determined to settle the Cretan Question. In the 1830s he promoted the establishment of an autonomous hegemony in Crete under a Chrutian governor subservient to the Turkish sultan. But when an insurrection broke out in Crete in 1841 the hegemony plan was abandoned because the British government felt that if it intervened at the Sublime Porte in favor of the insurrection, its influence in Turkey would be jeopardized and similar outbreaks would be encouraged elsewhere in the Ottoman Empire.
Systems, Games, and the Player: Did We Manage to Become Human?
Authors: Sussman Henry
Published: July 2012

The essay is part of an overall effort to translate the traditions of German idealism and contemporary systems theory into a discourse infused by the rhetoric and operations of cybernetics. This is a step best tracked explicitly. The language of open as opposed to closed systems, feedback loops, autopoeisis, turbulence, chaos, and gaming not only characterizes a vast amount of the scientific and cultural programming taking place today; it is a rhetoric with deep roots in the traditions of critical theory, hermeneutics, and language-intensive philosophy. With reference above all to Kant, Hegel, Walter Benjamin, James Gleick, Fritjof Capra, Anthony Wilden, and Niklas Luhmann.
John Shade Shaving: Inspiration and Composition in a Selection from Pale Fire
Authors: Condren Dustin
Published: July 2012

Charles Kinbote's aesthetic frustrations with his beloved poet John Shade reach their apex at the start of Pale Fire's final canto, which features long descriptions of the poet shaving in the bathtub. Kinbote tries to elevate the passage with a desperate (and faulty) reference to a similar moment in the oeuvre of A. E. Housman. Kinbote unwittingly sends the reader on an allusive journey in which we find that that the act of shaving is the figure used by both Nabokov and Housman in describing the agony of poetic composition and the transient bliss of inspiration. What Kinbote originally reads as a mocking parody turns out to be a genuine, though playful, statement of artistic method.
Gambling with Kant: Faustian Wagers
Authors: Holquist Michael
Published: July 2012

Instead of a contract (as in traditional versions of the legend), Goethe’s Faust makes a bet with the devil. This is only one of several aspects of the play that point to the central role in it of gambling. Goethe is responding to the epistemological crisis his generation faced after publication of Kant’s first critique. Goethe uses gambling as a means to structure his own intervention in debates of the time about the possibility—or impossibility—of having certain knowledge of the world outside our minds. From God’s wager with Mephistopheles in the Prologue, to the introduction of paper currency in Part II, the drama is structured around the consequences of having to make judgments in a world from which the god of certainty has fled.
The Holocaust: Questions for the Humanities
Authors: Godzich Wlad
Published: July 2012

This paper discusses the challenges posed by the Holocaust and its representations to the practices of the Humanities. The nature of these challenges is brought through an examination of the German Historikerstreit and the French controversies surrounding Heidegger’s relation to the Nazis. The nature of historical representation and its relation to affect are examined in works by Jacques Derrida, Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, and Jean-Francois Lyotard. The Humanities cannot appropriate the Holocaust but they cannot ignore it either. They face the daunting task of learning how to remember it.
The Steorn Exploit and its Spin Doktors , or “ Synergie ist der name of das Spiel , my boy!”
Authors: Freeman John
Published: July 2012

This essay considers one of the more intriguing techno-events of this decade: the claim of the Irish technology company Steorn to have produced a perpetual motion device, the Orbo. Although its promised demo in July 2007 failed to produce a working device, events leading up to and beyond the failed demo offer a case study in what Galloway and Thacker define as an “exploit,” “a resonant flaw designed to resist, threaten, and ultimately desert the dominant political diagram.” Selecting its own jury to test and validate the Orbo, the company has resisted the normal scientific validation process. Enlisting the aid of an “outernet” workforce, Steorn has challenged traditional business models as well. Unfortunately, Orbo's failure has put a reverse spin on the Steorn Exploit and its viral marketing campaign, demonstrating that viruses not only spread but also mutate. Embarking on its own exploit, Steorn's on-line forum has morphed into a Webmind whose emergent properties recall Goertzel's psynet, “a self-organizing network of information-carrying agents.” “Mobile agents,” forum members create new links and provide each other feedback as they sort through the multiple drafts of Steorn's narrative. Scripted into this narrative, they must also do battle with other counter-exploitive elements such as Herr Doktor Mabuse, a nightmarish perversion of Steorn's original vision. Whether or not the forum endures depends paradoxically on the very spirit of contestation that drives its-and Steorn's-operations.
Is America Assembling a Set of Higher Education Classics?
Authors: Keller George
Published: July 2012

Recently certain publishers have been bringing the best
out-of-print books on higher education back into circulation. Is
higher education studies at the incipient stage of creating its own
canon of "great books"? This essay examines what may be
behind the surprising development, looks closely at Transaction
Books, the publisher who has been most active in this revival,
and reviews several of the "classics" selected for reprinting.
Low Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon-rich Tungsten Silicide Films from Tungsten Hexafluoride - Disilane Pre-activated Mixtures
Authors: Saito Takeyasu , Oshima Keiji , Shimogaki Yukihiro , Egashira Yasuyuki , Sugawara Katsuro , Takahiro Katsumi , Nagata Shinji , Yamaguchi Sadae , Komiyama Hiroshi
Published: July 2012

Kinetics of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of silicon-rich tungsten silicide films from WF6/Si2H6 mixtures was investigated as a function of the configuration of a hot-wall tubular reactor. The step coverage within micron-sized trenches was analyzed to determine the overall sticking probability, which is the ratio between the film-forming species deposited on a surface and the flux of that species to the surface. The overall sticking probability was found in the range 0.01 - 0.30 as the deposition temperature was varied from 120 to 360°C. The activation energy was 25 kJ/mol. These sticking probabilities were lower than those for CVD of tungsten silicide film from WF6/SiH4 mixtures, which yielded better step-coverage profiles. The extinction temperature, Tex, below which no deposition was observed, ranged from 70  Tex  80°C. Tex = 70°C corresponded to an inner reactor diameter, d, of 22 mm, and Tex = 80°C corresponded to d = 11 mm. The dependence of Tex on d strongly suggests that radical chain reactions are involved in the CVD process. The reaction producing active intermediate species occurs in the gas phase and these active species are consumed on the surface of the reactor wall. Therefore, the volume to surface ratio of the reactor may be the key factor to control Tex, and an increase in d leads to a decrease in Tex. For Tex = 80°C, pre-heating of the gas phase can be used to induce the chain reaction and increase the silicon content in the tungsten silicide films.
Green Process for Adipic Acid Synthesis: Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide in Water Micromelusions using Benzalkonium Chloride C12-14 Surfactant
Authors: Lesage Geoffroy , Quesada Peñate Isariebel , Cognet Patrick , Poux Martine
Published: July 2012

Adipic acid was synthesized by the oxidation of cyclohexene using 30% hydrogen peroxide in a microemulsion in the presence of sodium tungstate as catalyst. The proposed green process is environmentally friendly since catalyst and surfactant are recycled and pure adipic acid is produced in high yield (70% to 79%). Microemulsions are used as a green solvent and give a better contact between the phases. Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (C12-C14) was used as a surfactant for the generation of the microemulsion since it enables the use of harmful organic solvents and phase-transfer catalysts to be avoided. Optimised operating conditions (temperature, reaction time, separation process) have been defined and applied to evaluate the industrial practicability. The main interest of the present work is the easy recovery of pure adipic acid and the reuse of the reaction media (surfactant and catalyst). This shows promise for developing a future green industrial process that will enable greenhouse gas emissions (N2O), among others, to be reduced.
The Role of Specific Subjects in Education Production Functions: Evidence from Morning Classes in Chicago Public High Schools
Authors: Cortes Kalena E. , Bricker Jesse , Rohlfs Chris
Published: July 2012

Absences in Chicago Public High Schools are 4-7 days per year higher in first period than at other times of the day. This study exploits this empirical regularity and the essentially random variation between students in the ordering of classes over the day to measure how the returns to classroom learning vary by course subject, and how much attendance in one class spills over into learning in other subjects. We find that having a class in first period significantly reduces grades in that course but does not affect grades in related subjects. We also find that having math in first period reduces test scores in all subjects and reduces grades in future math classes. These effects are particularly large for black students. For classes other than math, we find little effect of having the class in first period on test scores or long-term grades.
Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH): a review of research
Authors: Rosen Joseph , Brooker Gary
Published: July 2012

In this review, we describe our method for creating holograms of incoherent objects, dubbed Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH). FINCH creates holograms by a single-channel on-axis incoherent interferometer process. Like any Fresnel hologram, the object is correlated with quadratic phase functions, but the correlation is carried out without any movement. Generally, in the FINCH system, light is reflected, or emitted, from a three-dimensional (3D) object, propagates through a spatial light modulator (SLM), and is recorded by a digital camera. The SLM is used as a beam-splitter of the single-channel incoherent interferometer, such that each spherical beam originated from each object point is split into two spherical beams with two different curve radiuses. Incoherent summing of the entire interferences between all the couples of the spherical beams creates the Fresnel hologram of the observed 3D object. When this hologram is reconstructed in the computer, the 3D properties of the object are revealed. In this review, we describe various aspects of FINCH which have been described recently, including FINCH of reflected white light, FINCH of fluorescence objects, a FINCH-based holographic fluorescence microscope, a FINCH configuration which capitalizes on the polarization sensitivity of the SLM and finally FINCH is analyzed in view of linear system theory.
Practical aspects of modern interferometry for optical manufacturing quality control: Part 2
Authors: Smythe Robert
Published: July 2012

Modern phase shifting interferometers enable the manufacture of optical systems that drive the global economy. Semiconductor chips, solid-state cameras, cell phone cameras, infrared imaging systems, space based satellite imaging and DVD and Blu-Ray disks are all enabled by phase shifting interferometers. Theoretical treatments of data analysis and instrument design advance the technology but often are not helpful towards the practical use of interferometers. An understanding of the parameters that drive system performance is critical to produce useful results. Any interferometer will produce a data map and results; this paper, in three parts, reviews some of the key issues to minimize error sources in that data and provide a valid measurement.
Explicit Constructions of Large Families of Generalized More Sums Than Differences Sets
Authors: Miller Steven J. , Robinson Luc , Pegado Sean
Published: July 2012

A More Sums Than Differences (MSTD) set is a set of integers

whose sumset
‘Unilateral’ decision making and patient participation in primary care
Authors: Ijäs-Kallio Taru , Ruusuvuori Johanna , Peräkylä Anssi
Published: July 2012

Using conversation analysis as a method, we examine patients’ responses to doctors’ treatment decision deliveries in Finnish primary care consultations for upper respiratory tract infection. We investigate decision-making sequences that are initiated by doctors’ ‘unilateral’ decision delivery (Collins et al. 2005). In line with Collins et al., we see the doctors’ decision deliveries as unilateral when they are offered as suggestions, recommendations or conclusions that make relevant patients’ acceptance of the decision rather than their further contributions to the decision. In contrast, more ‘bilateral’ decision making encourages and is dependent in part on patient's contributions, too (Collins et al. 2005). We examine how patients respond to unilaterally made decisions and how they participate in and contribute to the outcome of the decision-making process. Within minimal responses patients approve the doctor's unilateral agency in decision making whereas within two types of extended responses patients voice their own perspectives. 1) In positive responses they appraise the doctor's decision as appropriate; 2) in other instances, patients may challenge the decision with an extended response that initiates a negotiation on the decision. We suggest that, firstly, unilateral decision making may be collaboratively maintained in consultations and that, secondly, patients have means for challenging it.
Unlabelled advertorials in Slovenian life-style press: A study of the promotion of health products
Authors: Poler Kovačič Melita , Erjavec Karmen , Stular Katarina
Published: July 2012

The paper analyses unlabelled advertorials about health products in four life-style magazines and three daily newspapers’ life-style supplements in Slovenia. Based on 250 hours of observing the production practice, 20 in-depth interviews with the main participants and a textual analysis of 247 advertorials, supported by three detailed case studies, the process of unlabelled advertorial production was unveiled, reasons for their production explained and their discursive elements of promotion uncovered. Despite their typical news-like appearance, advertorials focus on a product's positive characteristics only and represent an oversimplified viewpoint on health, primarily oriented towards the interest of the pharmaceutical industry. In advertorials, readers are instructed in healthy living and caring about their health through buying the promoted product. No particular differences were found between the magazines and quality dailies’ supplements, indicating that the advertorial practice has become a common part of the Slovenian press media scene. The outburst of advertorials in Slovenia is outstanding due to the lack of historical democracy, problems with the supervision of legal transgressions, the small media and advertising market, economic downturns and the financial weakness of the media.
Distribution of QPY and RAH haplotypes of granzyme B gene in distinct Brazilian populations
Authors: Garcia Fernanda Bernadelli , Kashima Simone , Rodrigues Evandra Strazza , Silva Israel Tojal , Malta Tathiane Maistro , Nicolete Larissa Deadame de Figueiredo , Covas Dimas Tadeu , Moraes-Souza Helio
Published: July 2012

INTRODUCTION: The cytolysis mediated by granules is one of the most important effector functions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Recently, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at exons 2, 3, and 5 of the granzyme B gene, resulting in a haplotype in which three amino acids of mature protein Q48P88Y245 are changed to R48A88H245, which leads to loss of cytotoxic activity of the protein. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of these polymorphisms in Brazilian populations. METHODS: We evaluated the frequency of these polymorphisms in Brazilian ethnic groups (white, Afro-Brazilian, and Asian) by sequencing these regions. RESULTS: The allelic and genotypic frequencies of SNP 2364A/G at exon 2 in Afro-Brazilian individuals (42.3% and 17.3%) were significantly higher when compared with those in whites and Asians (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0007, respectively). The polymorphisms 2933C/G and 4243C/T also were more frequent in Afro-Brazilians but without any significant difference regarding the other groups. The Afro-Brazilian group presented greater diversity of haplotypes, and the RAH haplotype seemed to be more frequent in this group (25%), followed by the whites (20.7%) and by the Asians (11.9%), similar to the frequency presented in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: There is a higher frequency of polymorphisms in Afro-Brazilians, and the RAH haplotype was more frequent in these individuals. We believe that further studies should aim to investigate the correlation of this haplotype with diseases related to immunity mediated by cytotoxic lymphocytes, and if this correlation is confirmed, novel treatment strategies might be elaborated.
A retrospective serologic survey of hantavirus infections in the county of Cássia dos Coqueiros, State of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Badra Soraya Jabur , Maia Felipe Gonçalves Mota , Figueiredo Glauciane Garcia , Santos Junior Gilberto Sabino dos , Campos Gelse Mazzoni , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu Moraes , Passos Afonso Dinis Costa
Published: July 2012

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, hantavirus infections producing severe diseases have obtained an increased attention from public health authorities from the countries of Eurasia to the Americas. Brazil has reported 1,300 cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) from 1993 to 2010, with about 80 of them occurring in the northeast of the State of São Paulo, with 48% fatality rate. Araraquara virus was the causative agent of HCPS in the region. Considering that hantaviruses causing human disease in the Americas were unknown until 1993, we have looked for hantavirus infections in the population of Cássia dos Coqueiros county, northeast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, before this time. This county has about 2,800 inhabitants and an economy based on agriculture, including cultivation of Brachiaria decumbens grass. The grass seeds are an important rodent attraction, facilitating transmission of hantavirus to man. Four HCPS cases were reported so far in the county. METHODS: In this study, 1,876 sera collected from 1987 to 1990 were tested for IgG to hantavirus by IgG-ELISA, using the N recombinant protein of Araraquara virus as antigen. RESULTS: Positive results were observed in 89 (4.7%) samples, which were all collected in 1987. The positivity among urban inhabitants was 5.3%, compared with 4.3% among those living in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that hantavirus infections occurred in Cássia dos Coqueiros, completely unrecognized, even before hantaviruses were described in the Americas.
A maternidade no contexto de abrigamento: concepções das adolescentes abrigadas
Authors: Penna Lucia Helena Garcia , Carinhanha Joana Iabrudi , Martins Vilma Villar , Fernandes Gleice da Silva
Published: July 2012

Este estudo objetiva descrever as concepções das adolescentes abrigadas quanto ao processo da maternidade e analisar a vivência desse processo na perspectiva das próprias adolescentes, dessa forma, visando à identificação de uma estrutura de apoio à maternidade. Pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, realizada em dois abrigos municipais do Rio de Janeiro cujos dados foram produzidos através de grupos focais, com 10 adolescentes abrigadas. A análise de conteúdo dos dados revelou duas categorias: A maternidade na adolescência: perspectiva da adolescente abrigada e Ser mãe no abrigo: condições favoráveis e desfavoráveis. A experiência da maternidade na adolescência é vivida de forma ambivalente pelas jovens abrigadas. O abrigo aparece como espaço acolhedor, mas que ainda apresenta dificuldades em ajudá-las a construir uma maternidade saudável. Observa-se a necessidade de sensibilização dos atores sociais envolvidos para intervenção intersetorial no que concerne ao contexto e modos de viver da jovem, desta maneira, possibilita a ruptura na trajetória de vulnerabilização/desafiliação de mãe e filho.
Micropolítica do trabalho dos profissionais de saúde na UBS: visão sobre necessidades de saúde das famílias
Authors: Graziano Ana Paula , Egry Emiko Yoshikawa
Published: July 2012

Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender as potencialidades e limitações do processo de trabalho da enfermagem de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde para o reconhecimento das necessidades de saúde da população. A vertente metodológica utilizada foi a pesquisa social, na perspectiva qualitativa, tendo como base de análise dos discursos a hermêutica-dialética, e como alicerce a Teoria da Interpretação Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. Os dados foram coletados por meio da entrevista semiestruturada e os processos de trabalho das equipes foram analisados através do Fluxograma Analisador do Modelo de Atenção de um Serviço de Saúde. Concluiu-se que há limitações no cotidiano do processo de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem à medida em que o reconhecimento e enfrentamento das necessidades de saúde perpassavam pela identificação de agravos instalados, deixando em segundo plano os determinantes sociais das más condições de vida associadas ao processo saúde-doença.
Gerência do cuidado de enfermagem em cenários hospitalares: a construção de um conceito
Authors: Christovam Barbara Pompeu , Porto Isaura Setenta , Oliveira Denise Cristina de
Published: July 2012

Este estudo teve como objetivo construir e apresentar a definição teórica do conceito de gerência do cuidado de enfermagem em cenários hospitalares, a partir de base literária específica. Optou-se pela utilização das estratégias para construção de conceitos da Análise de Conceito, as regras de formação de conceito da Análise Arqueológica e a Análise Lexical como referencial teórico-metodológico. A operacionalização das estratégias e das regras de formação de conceito possibilitou a construção do conceito gerência do cuidado de enfermagem em cenários hospitalares. O conceito construído apresentou, em sua natureza, a capacidade de integrar dialeticamente os aspectos relativos ao saber-fazer do cuidar e gerenciar. A definição teórica do conceito Gerência do Cuidado de Enfermagem em Cenários Hospitalares deu significado ao termo, no contexto inicial de construção de uma teoria, a Gerência do Cuidado de Enfermagem em Serviços de Saúde.
Reflexões sobre o pesquisador nas trilhas da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados
Authors: Leite Joséte Luzia , Silva Laura Johanson da , Oliveira Rosane Mara Pontes de , Stipp Marluci Andrade Conceição
Published: July 2012

Estudo de natureza descritivo-reflexiva, objetivando apresentar as características do pesquisador que utiliza o método Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e delinear reflexões sobre o desenvolvimento das aptidões do pesquisador para tornar-se um Teórico Fundamentado. A discussão teórica foi embasada nos referenciais dessa metodologia e apoiada na literatura. O artigo apresenta as principais demandas de estudos qualitativos com a Grounded Theory e importantes comportamentos, atitudes e características desenvolvidas pelos pesquisadores. Constata-se que a aprendizagem acerca da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados vai além da habilidade para operacionalizar um conjunto de procedimentos e técnicas. Implica, também, em desafios de transformação na postura como pesquisador e em novas formas de pensar e pesquisar, reunindo conhecimentos a partir dos dados para formar uma teoria.
Preparação psicológica de pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos
Authors: Costa Junior Áderson Luiz , Doca Fernanda Nascimento Pereira , Araújo Ivy , Martins Luciana , Mundim Lara , Penatti Ticiana , Sidrim Ana Cristina
Published: July 2012

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar, entre artigos publicados em periódicos indexados pelo PubMed/MedLine, informações sobre as principais modalidades e efeitos de intervenção psicossocial em procedimentos pré e pós-operatórios com pacientes adultos, bem como, apontar algumas lacunas na produção científica acerca do tema. Foram selecionados 32 artigos, sendo oito teórico-conceituais e 24 empíricos, dos quais um era estudo de caso, nove se referiam à avaliação específica de efeitos de preparação psicológica e 14 tratavam de temas associados ao contexto de preparação psicológica e cuidados cirúrgicos. As intervenções psicológicas foram divididas em oito categorias, baseadas em características funcionais das respectivas intervenções. Verificou-se uma deficiência de estudos na área de atuação específica da Psicologia, sendo os profissionais de enfermagem e medicina os que mais produziram estudos sobre o tema. Constatou-se, também, a ausência de protocolos sistematizados de intervenção psicológica relacionados a procedimentos cirúrgicos.
Atendimento a uma criança que relatava ver o espírito da avó
Authors: Del Prette Almir
Published: July 2012

Descreve-se o atendimento de criança do sexo feminino, com queixa inicial, trazida pela mãe, de que a filha "via a avó", falecida há alguns meses. A mãe relatou também que a criança se recusava a entrar sozinha nos ambientes da casa, pois temia a presença da avó e falava sobre o assunto frequentemente. Foram realizadas duas sessões na sala de atendimento e quatro na residência da criança com participação de suas amigas, utilizando-se procedimentos de dessensibilização, modelagem, modelação e instrução, associados a atividades lúdicas, além de orientação aos familiares. Os resultados mostraram decréscimo e supressão de verbalizações sobre o espírito da avó, uso de espaços da casa antes evitados, melhora no rendimento escolar e recuperação de contatos com colegas. Um follow-up, com visita à família e entrevista com professores, evidenciou a manutenção das aquisições. São discutidas questões sobre esse tipo de queixa em nossa cultura.
Influência do peso adicional nos chutes de lactentes pré-termo e de termo
Authors: Dionisio Jadiane , Santos Gabriela Lopes dos , Landgraf Jocelene de Fátima , Tudella Eloisa
Published: July 2012

INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar padrões de chutes com e sem peso adicional em lactentes pré-termo e de termo aos 3 e 4 meses de idade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram filmados 26 lactentes aos 3 e 4 meses de idade, divididos em Grupo Experimental, 12 lactentes pré-termo sem idade corrigida; e Grupo Controle, 14 lactentes de termo. O experimento foi subdividido em quatro condições, a saber: 1) Treinamento (T): o pesquisador tocava os pés dos lactentes no painel, elevando-o; 2) Linha de Base (LB): movimentos livres de chutes, podendo o lactente elevar ou não o painel com os pés; 3) Peso (P): acréscimo de tornozeleira pesando 1/3 da massa do membro inferior; 4) Pós-Peso (PP): idêntica à LB. RESULTADOS: Na variável frequência de chutes, constatou-se diferença entre as idades [F(5,72) = 5,620; p = 0,0035] e entre as condições LB-P (p = 0,023) e P-PP (p < 0,001). Na variável frequência de contato, obteve-se diferença entre as condições LB-P (p = 0,002) e P-PP (p < 0,001). Na variável sucesso ao elevar o painel, constatou-se diferença entre os grupos (x²(1) = 4,341; p = 0,0013) e as condições LB-P (p = 0,003), LB-PP (p = 0,002) e P-PP (p = 0,002) aos 3 meses de idade. Na variável duração de chute, constatou-se diferença entre as condições LB-P (p = 0,023) e P-PP (p = 0,010). CONCLUSÃO Os chutes de lactentes pré-termo se diferenciam dos termos dependendo das características intrínsecas e extrínsecas.
Subsídios reunidos junto à equipe de saúde para a inserção da fisioterapia na estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Baena Cristina Pellegrino , Soares Maria Cristina Flores
Published: July 2012

Esta pesquisa visou obter subsídios para a inserção do fisioterapeuta na Estratégia Saúde da Família em Rio Grande/RS. Estudo quantitativo, delineamento transversal com 196 trabalhadores. Utilizou-se instrumento semiestruturado com os temas: princípios norteadores do SUS/ESF, identificação de situações com potencialidade para a atuação fisioterápica, percepção sobre preparo da equipe para enfrentá-las e infraestrutura das unidades. Foi realizada a distribuição de frequências das variáveis, a comparação das médias (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey. As médias das notas atribuídas aos princípios integralidade, equidade e universalidade diferiram entre si (p = 0,00), sendo 6,3 ± 2,4, 7,0 ± 2,4 e 7,8 ± 2,2, respectivamente. As situações mais prevalentes foram: hipertensão (90,8%), diabete (89,8%), doenças osteomusculares (88,2%), DPOC (84,7%), pessoas acamadas (83,7%), dificuldade para caminhar (83,7%) e deficientes físicos (82,7%). Quanto ao preparo da equipe, a maioria dos trabalhadores afirmou se sentir despreparado para: atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (51,7%), treino de marcha (51,8%), atenção a deficientes físicos (68,1%) e amputados (57,0%). Na avaliação da infraestrutura das unidades, a maioria acusou bom estado do prédio e unidades, com salas para atendimento especializado (31,6%). Os dados evidenciam as possibilidades de ação do fisioterapeuta na ESF, visando aumentar a resolubilidade da mesma.
Corpo, violência sexual, vulnerabilidade e educação libertadora no filme "Preciosa: uma história de esperança"
Authors: Godoi Marcos Roberto , Neves Luciene
Published: July 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as representações de corpo (raça, obesidade e beleza), de violência sexual e os aspectos de vulnerabilidade, educação e emancipação vividos pela protagonista na trama do filme "Preciosa: uma história de esperança". A análise permitiu identificar representações do corpo gordo e negro: de rejeição e preconceito; o desejo de ser bela e famosa; de valorização do próprio corpo e de sua beleza. A violência sexual tem caráter difuso, pois a mãe da protagonista a explora e a violenta física e psicologicamente, além de encobertar o abuso sexual cometido por seu marido e culpabilizar a filha pelo ocorrido. A vulnerabilidade foi verificada nas dimensões individual, social e institucional, no que se refere à violência sexual. Por outro lado, a educação desempenhou um papel importante no processo de emancipação da situação de opressão e de vulnerabilidade da personagem principal.
Enterocolite necrosante em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso em uma unidade neonatal de alto risco do Nordeste do Brasil (2003-2007)
Authors: Braga Taciana Duque , Silva Giselia Alves Pontes da , Lira Pedro Israel Carvalho , Lima Marília de Carvalho
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a incidência de enterocolite necrosante (ECN), no período de 2003 a 2007, em crianças nascidas com muito baixo peso e descrever as características da assistência prestada a esses recém-nascidos. MÉTODOS: estudo longitudinal retrospectivo conduzido em uma unidade neonatal de alto risco com uma amostra de 1028 recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso, excluindo-se os menores de 750 g. A frequência de ECN foi observada do primeiro até o trigésimo dia de vida, ou até a sua ocorrência ou óbito, considerando-se o que ocorresse primeiro em um período de cinco anos. ECN foi definida pelo critério de Bell (estágio ≥2). Utilizou-se o qui-quadrado de tendência para avaliar o comportamento das variáveis categóricas ao longo dos cinco anos. RESULTADOS: ECN ocorreu em 55 dos 1028 recém-nascidos (5,3%). Observou-se maior incidência de ECN no ano de 2005 (19/204) com uma significante redução no ano de 2007 (8/195), entretanto, essa variação não caracterizou uma tendência (p=0,45). Observou-se aumento significante do uso de antibióticos,de nutrição parenteral, de corticóide antenatal e do consumo de leite materno e uma redução na média da idade gestacional de 2,4 semanas entre 2003 e 2007. CONCLUSÕES: a incidência de ECN foi variável, sem tendência de ascensão ou queda. Observou-se um incremento na cobertura de corticoide antenatal, aumento na utilização de leite materno e redução no consumo de fórmula. Mais estudos são necessários para melhor avaliar a contribuição dessas medidas na não progressão da incidência da ECN, apesar de tratar-se de uma população com risco elevado para essa doença.
Fatores associados à displasia broncopulmonar em prematuros sob ventilação mecânica precoce
Authors: Duarte Paula Eylla Cristina Rodrigues , Coutinho Sônia Bechara
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVOS: descrever os fatores neonatais e de assistência ventilatória associados à displasia broncopulmonar (DBP), e verificar sua frequência em recém-nascidos prematuros submetidos à ventilação mecânica (VM) na primeira semana de vida. MÉTODOS: coorte retrospectiva, realizada em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Foram analisados prontuários de 86 prematuros, sob VM na primeira semana de vida e registrados dados neonatais, parâmetros da VM e sua relação com a DBP. Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis do estudo e a DBP utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e o Exato de Fisher quando indicado. O teste t e o Kruskal Wallis foram utilizados para a comparação das médias das variáveis contínuas. RESULTADOS: a DBP ocorreu em 17,4%. Foram relacionados à doença: menor peso ao nascer e idade gestacional, Apgar <7 no 1º e 5º minutos, maior tempo sob antibioticoterapia, nutrição parenteral e VM, valores elevados de fração inspirada de oxigênio (FiO2), VM como primeiro suporte respiratório, menor volume de nutrição enteral e ganho ponderal . Não houve diferença nos níveis de pressão positiva inspiratória, pressão positiva expiratória final e diferença de pressão. CONCLUSÕES: a ocorrência da DBP foi baixa e relacionada ao manejo clínico e nutricional e VM precoce e prolongada. Excetuando-se a FiO2 média não foi encontrada relação entre a doença e os demais parâmetros ventilatórios.
Impacto da orientação para a prática regular de atividade física dois anos após o parto
Authors: Scarpa Simone Cristina , Kurashima Carolina Harumi , Takito Monica Yuri
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVOS: avaliar as modificações na prática de atividade física (AF) e as barreiras para adoção de um estilo de vida saudável em mulheres que receberam orientações nutricionais e de AF durante a gestação e no primeiro ano após o parto. MÉTODOS: estudo de coorte com 57 mulheres (Grupo Controle = 29 e Grupo Intervenção = 28), e idade média igual a 28 (±6) anos. As informações foram obtidas através de entrevistas em visita domiciliar (durante a intervenção) e inquérito telefônico (um ano após o término da intervenção), utilizou-se questionário de AF. Para análise das barreiras foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com questões abertas, as quais foram codificadas e agrupadas para análise dos dados. Foram realizados testes de qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney U e Friedman. RESULTADOS: aos seis meses, apenas 30% das mulheres do grupo Intervenção realizavam AF no lazer pelo menos 120 minutos por semana, contra 10% do grupo Controle, reduzindo para 18% e 4%, respectivamente, dois anos após o parto. As principais barreiras à prática de AF regular foram: falta de tempo (44%), cuidado com os filhos (37%), trabalho (21%), afazeres domésticos (21%) e comodismo (26%). CONCLUSÕES: futuros programas devem priorizar a aquisição de conhecimento, visando à adoção de um estilo de vida ativo no pós-parto, considerando as barreiras maternas.
Automedicação em menores de cinco anos em municípios do Pará e Piauí: prevalência e fatores associados
Authors: Goulart Ivana da Cruz , Cesar Juraci Almeida , Gonzalez-Chica David Alejandro , Neumann Nelson Arns
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVOS: medir a prevalência e identificar fatores associados à automedicação em crianças menores de cinco anos nos municípios de Caracol no Estado do Piauí, e Garrafão do Norte no Pará. MÉTODOS: utilizando-se de delineamento transversal, amostragem sistemática e utilização de questionário padrão por meio de visita domiciliar, foram investigadas diversas características das mães, das famílias e das crianças. Utilizou-se teste do qui-quadrado para comparar proporções e regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância na análise multivariável. RESULTADOS: dentre as 590 crianças estudadas em Caracol e 1081 em Garrafão, 30% e 25% haviam sido automedicadas nos últimos 15 dias, respectivamente. Após análise ajustada para diversas variáveis confundidoras, o fato de não conseguir atendimento para o filho doente nos últimos 15 dias nos dois municípios, assim como de residir há mais de 1 km dos serviços de saúde em Caracol e de a mãe exercer trabalho remunerado nos últimos 12 meses em Garrafão mostraram-se significativamente associadas à automedicação entre menores de cinco anos. CONCLUSÕES: a prevalência de automedicação por parte das mães para menores de cinco anos nos municípios estudados, apesar de inferior à observada em outras localidades brasileiras, decorreu, sobretudo, da dificuldade de realização de consulta médica.
Deformation and strength of embankments on soft Dutch soil
Authors: den Haan Evert , Feddema Antoine
Published: July 2012

Embankment and dyke stability in the Netherlands has always been evaluated by effective stress analysis. The subsoil of most of these structures is organic, weak and soft, but the internal friction angle of these soils is surprisingly high. Empirical methods are used to obtain acceptable, reduced values of friction angle from triaxial tests for use in stability analyses. It appears possible, however, to do full justice to the peculiar combination of low strength and stiffness and high friction angle by means of the finite-element method using a viscous version of the Cam-clay model. All parameters of the model are found from a single test in a constant-rate-of-strain K0 oedometer. The approach is illustrated by two case histories, after first providing insight into the peculiar properties of the Dutch soils, and the manner in which they are dealt with.
A test for lateral vehicle safety related to road design
Authors: Ramirez Maria , Díaz Vicente , García-Pozuelo Daniel
Published: July 2012

The design criteria utilised by civil engineers are not adequate to account for the complex behaviour of the tyres of a driven vehicle. Surveying and maintenance of the vehicles and road network are essential in order to minimise car accidents. Moreover, the number of accidents that occur on curved roads increases the necessity to check the lateral force applied to the tyres in order to take the curves safely. The novelty of this paper is based on the establishment of a relation between the road design criteria of lateral friction according to civil engineers and the tyre behaviour when taking a curve, according to the tests and models of automotive engineers. Thus, it proposes a new and more effective method to check the wheel alignment during the periodic motor vehicle inspections, based on force measurement with a force plate.
Evaluation of safety factors at Chinese intersections
Authors: Sun Jian , Zhou Si'en , Li Keping , Ni Ying
Published: July 2012

With the rapid development of urbanisation and motorisation in China, actions to improve traffic safety conditions, especially the safety of intersections, are urgently needed. Although the evaluation of traffic influencing factors of urban intersections is not a new topic in developed countries, in China, due to the limitations on the traffic accident collecting time span, processing methods and the division of responsibility among each government sector, intersection safety problems cannot be thoroughly evaluated by current methods. A novel comprehensive influencing factor evaluation procedure (CIFEP) has been developed to carry out the whole process of analysis and control from intersection planning, through design to operation. Using scenario analysis and expert judgment, the task of ‘safety influencing factor identifying' is fulfilled first. Then the risk degree of each influencing factor is quantified by utilising an ‘accident risk degree matrix' to attain ‘safety influencing factor quantifying'. Finally the ‘safety influencing factor mapping' is implemented by allocating the quantified factors to corresponding government sectors. A case study in Shanghai revealed that, in comparison with conventional methods, CIFEP can help to identify the safety influencing factors of the full intersection life cycle, and also coordinate the safety actions among related government departments.
Behaviour of train–track interaction in stiffness transitions
Authors: Banimahd Meysam , Woodward Peter K. , Kennedy Justin , Medero Gabriela M.
Published: July 2012

In the present study, the problem of railway stiffness transitions, for example, railway tracks near bridge abutments or tunnels, was investigated numerically in terms of track deterioration and passenger comfort utilising two types of analysis. The first analysis employed a train–transition curve model which simulates the response of the train to deflection changes in the vicinity of the transition zone. The second analysis used a three-dimensional (3D) finite-element representation of the railway track interacting with a passing train. The effects of train speed, track stiffness changes and the presence of a track fault were addressed. The findings of this research are compared against available studies in the literature and recommendations are given towards an appropriate engineering design of transition zones.
Low Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Males and Females from a Sunny, Rich Country
Authors: El-Menyar Ayman , Rahil Ali , Dousa Khalid , Ibrahim Walid , Ibrahim Talal , Khalifa Rasha , Abdel Rahman Mohamed Osman
Published: July 2012

Background:

Low serum vitamin (vit) D levels are common even in sunny countries. We assessed the prevalence and relationship of low vit D with cardiovascular risk factors in Qatar.

Methods:

Data were collected retrospectively from January 2008 and November 2009. In patients who had low vi t D (< 30 ng/ml ) , demographic and clinical profiles were analyzed and compared in males and females.

Results:

The overall mean level of vit D among 547 patients was 14.4±11 ng/mL. Among the low vitamin D group, 56% were females (mean age 48±12) and 44% males (mean age 49.6±13). Severely low vit D levels (<10 ng/mL) were found in 231 (46%) patients with mean age of 46±12 years. Compared with females, males with low vitamin D were more likely to have diabetes mellitus (38 vs 22%, p=0.001), dyslipidemia (41 vs 29%, p=0.007), myocardial infarction (5.5 vs 1.5%, p=0.001) and angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD) (53 vs 17%, p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in the presence of low vit D, age and hypertension were independent predictors of CAD (OR 1.07;95% CI: 1.02-1.11) and OR 8.0; 95% CI: 1.67-39.82), respectively.

Conclusions:

Our study supports the widespread prevalence of low vit D in sunny regions. Low vit D is associated with 3 times increase in the rate of MI among males. Hypertension increases the risk of CAD 8 times in the presence of low vit D regardless of gender.