bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Clove Oil Concentration on the Characteristics Of Cassava Starch (Manihot utilissima) Edible Film
Authors: Antoro Adi Indra , Rahmayani Irma
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of clove oil concentration on the characteristics of edible film from cassava starch and to obtain the best clove oil concentration in inhibiting microbial growth on edible films. This research was conducted in 3 stages, namely cassava starch extraction, making edible films, and data analysis. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatment of clove oil concentration and 4 replications to obtain 20 experimental units. The clove oil levels used was 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6%. The results showed that the concentration of clove oil had an effect on thickness, transparency, compressive strength and was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on edible films, but has no significant effect on the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Edible film with the addition of 1.6% concentration produces edible film with the best characteristics, namely 0.175 mm thickness, 7.053 %/mm transparency, 72.70 N/m2 compressive strength, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) 21.00 g/m2.24hours, and able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with an inhibitory power of 13.82 mm.
Correlation Study Between Modification Types and Characteristics of Cassava Starch (Manihot utilissima) Using Pearson Correlation
Authors: Windra Ahmad , Ulyarti Ulyarti , Sari Dian Wulan
Published: June 2024

Starch modification is a process that can improve the properties of starch, so that it has good characteristics. Research on the modification of cassava starch using various modification methods resulted in changes in the characteristics of cassava starch. There are various results regarding the type of modification and their resulting characteristic of modified starch. This research aimed to obtain certain characteristics of cassava starch that have the potential to be modified using certain types of starch modification. The data used in this research is secondary data through searching scientific publications. The type of starch modification wasconsist of pre-gelatinization, cross-linking, acid hydrolysis, HMT, and fermentation while the starch characteristics were swelling power, solubility, water absorption, peak viscosity, and breakdown viscosity. The data collected was analyzed using Pearson's correlation. The correlation between the type of modification and swelling power and WAC is moderate, while the correlation between type of starch modification and solubility, peak viscosity, and breakdown viscosity are very weak. Swelling power and WAC are the characteristics of cassava starch that have the most potential to be modified with predictable results, while changes in solubility, peak viscosity, and breakdown viscosity in various types of modification are difficult to predict, because many other factors are involved besides the type of modification.
The Effect of Glycerol Concentration on The Characteristics of Edible Film of Kimpul Starch (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
Authors: Surhaini Surhaini , Indriyani Indriyani , Affandi Affandi
Published: June 2024

Edible film is a thin layer that has the function of packaging or coating food that can be consumed directly with the packaged product. Edible film made from starch has the disadvantage that it is fragile and easy to use. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of glycerol concentration on the characteristics of edible film from kimpul tuber starch. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD), with 4 treatments with glycerol concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%, each treatment was repeated 4 times. The results showed that the solubility, thickness, wvtr, and elongation values increased with increasing glycerol concentration used. A glycerol concentration of 2.0% produces the highest solubility value of 58.33%, thickness of 0.174mm, wvtr 33.38g/m2.hour, and elongation is found at a glycerol concentration of 1.0% with a value of 21.397%. However, on the contrary, the transparency, compressive strength, and tensile strength of edible film decrease with increasing glycerol concentration. Glycerol concentration has a significant effect on the values of solubility, thickness, transparency, compressive strength, tensile strength and elongation, but does not have a significant effect on the value of the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). A glycerol concentration of 1% produces the best edible film with a solubility value of 38.33%, thickness of 0.125mm, transparency of 18.656%/mm, WVTR of 28.25g/m2.hour, compressive strength of 103.56N/m2, Tensile Strength of 2.9428MPa, and Elongation 21.397%.
Analysis of Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills using Problem-Based Learning Models in Junior High School Students
Authors: Aritonang Paulani Sucahya Br , Hutajulu Masta , Purwasih Ratni
Published: June 2024

The ability to think critically is currently one of the abilities that students need to have because with the ability to think critically in students can improve the quality of education in Indonesia, with this statement this research was conducted with the aim of describing the critical thinking skills of junior high school students using a problem-based learning model on quadratic equation material. This type of research is in the form of descriptive research with qualitative methods. This research was located at SMPN 3 Cimahi with 9 subjects who had high, medium and low abilities in critical thinking covering 3 classes. The data collection technique was carried out by providing 4 description questions and interviews to the subjects. Data analysis techniques in research refer to qualitative data analysis according to Miles and Huberman. The results of the study were measured based on indicators of critical thinking skills according to Facion (2015) where, 67% of students were able to interpret, 58% of students were able to analyze, 72% of students were able to evaluate, and 69% of students were able to infer so that it could be concluded that there was a significant influence of the problem-based learning model on critical thinking skills.
The Development of Problem-Based Learning Liveworksheets to Improve Mathematical Communication Skills on Junior High School Students
Authors: Nurjiah Tia , Minarti Eva Dwi , Fitiranna Aflich Yusnita
Published: June 2024

Communication skill is an ability that needs to be possessed by students. Through communication, students can express their opinions or ideas to their friends or to the teacher. The facts in the field show that students' mathematical communication skills are in the low category, therefore a solution is needed to improve students' mathematical communication skills. This research aims to produce problem-based learning-based LKPD assisted by liveworksheets to hone students' mathematical communication skills. This research was conducted at SMPN 1 Ngamprah. The subjects of this study amounted to 10 students on a limited trial. 34 students for a broad trial. The method used is development research according to Sugiyono which is modified into 7 stages carried out due to time constraints, namely: potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trial, and product revision. Data collection tools for this study are validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and 5 questions about mathematical communication skills in statistics material. Based on the results of value processing from validators, it shows that the developed LKPD is said to be suitable for use in learning, with an average percentage of assessment from validators of 85%. The results of the calculation of student answers show that the developed LKPD is effective for improving mathematical communication skills, with an average calculation of each indicator of 72.35%.  It can be concluded that problem-based learning-based LKPD assisted by liveworksheets can be used in learning as an effort to improve students' mathematical abilities in statistics material.
The Development of Problem Based Learning Canva-Assisted Teaching Materials to Improve Mathematical Probem Solving Ability on Integer
Authors: Fifiana Qistina , Bernard Martin , Yuliani Anik
Published: June 2024

This study aims to define the process of developing educational materials in the form of workbooks for students across the entire document using a Canva-supported problem-based learning approach to determine the feasibility of educational materials developed, determine the effectiveness of the educational materials developed, and identify limitations. encountered by researchers during development. instructional materials, collect data on teaching materials, learning objectives to be achieved, and media used by students to date. The study also asked for information on whether school facilities support the learning process. The type of research used is research and development (R&D) with a 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Dissemination). The selected study site was MT Nurul Hidayah Batujajar. Due to the evolution of the educational material, especially in limited testing, the correct result is 89% with the most likely interprnal material is 83% with the interpretations very realistic and in extensive testing the confirmatory result is 91% with most likely interpretations, the actual result of the teaching material 86% with very realistic interpretations. The results of this study show that the process of developing teaching aids is well conducted. This study can be used as a reference for further studies as this study meets the very feasibility criteria.
The Development of Liveworksheets-Assisted Problem-Based Learning Teaching Materials to Improve Students’ Mathematical Communication Skills
Authors: Rusmiati Mia , Minarti Eva Dwi , Maya Rippi
Published: June 2024

This study aims to measure the level of validity, practicality and effectiveness of Problem Based Learning social arithmetic teaching materials assisted by Liveworksheets. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method of Sugiyono's development model which consists of 10 stages which are limited to step 7, namely: potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trial, and product revision. The research subjects were: a VII grade math teacher, 10 VIII grade students, and 30 VII grade students. Instruments in this study include: interview sheets, validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and mathematical communication skills tests. Data processing techniques in the form of quantitative data analysis include validity analysis, practicality analysis, and effectiveness analysis of test results. The results of this study that LKPD teaching materials have met the eligibility criteria. This is because based on the results of the validation of experts who get a score of 80% which is considered valid. In the limited product trial, a score of 81% was obtained in the very practical category. As well as extensive product trials obtained a score of 85% with a very practical category. Then during the effectiveness test, it got a score of 80% with the effective category. Thus teaching materials in the form of learner worksheet are suitable for use in the learning process.
N-Benzylhydroxylamine as a “C1N1 synthon” in Imidazoles Synthesis via Activation the α–C(sp3)−H under I2-DMSO System
Authors: Tang Yong-Xing , Zhou You , Wu Hao-Xuan , Wang Li-Sheng , Wu Chun-Yan , Zhuang Shi-Yi , Wu Anxin
Published: June 2024

A novel process using N-benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as a “C1N1
synthon” in [2 + 2 + 1] cyclization for the construction of
1,2,5-trisubstituted imidazoles has been described for the first time.
The key to realizing this process lies on capturing arylamines by in
situ generated novel acyl ketonitrone intermediates. Subsequent
tautomerization activates the α–C(sp3)−H of N-benzylhydroxylamines,
thus breaks through its inherent reaction mode and achieves N, α–C
site-selective cyclization. Furthermore, this method enables scale-up
synthesis and late-stage modification of complex molecules.
Increasing Swallowing Rehabilitation Participation during Radiation Therapy: Protocol Development
Authors: Knollhoff Stephanie , Reichl Kaitlyn , Shaikh Safa , Knauer Marissa , Biedermann Gregory , Dooley Laura
Published: June 2024

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to develop a swallowing
rehabilitation protocol using the PETTLEP model to support participation
of individuals with head and neck cancer while undergoing radiation
treatment. Methods: A swallowing rehabilitation protocol combining motor
execution and motor imagery was used by twenty participants with head
and neck cancer undergoing radiation treatment. The motor imagery
components were constructed utilizing the PETTLEP model and its seven
elements. Participants self-reported daily completion of the swallowing
rehabilitation program and tracked pain in the mouth and throat region
weekly. Results: Results noted average weekly participation above 50%
and 45% of participants demonstrating strong participation throughout
radiation treatment. Statistical significance was documented during
participation between the first week and last week of treatment. Average
weekly pain ratings throughout the duration of radiation treatment
ranged from 1.21 - 5.17. Statistically significant differences were
noted between weekly pain ratings. No difference between motor execution
and motor imagery was observed for participation, but a significant
difference was noted between the two modalities for pain. Conclusions:
Our protocol presented a potential framework for incorporating motor
imagery into rehabilitation protocols for individuals with dysphagia who
are unable to execute movements. Results suggest motor imagery is a
promising method to improve participation in swallowing rehabilitation
for head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Comparison of T1-weighted landmark placement and ROI transfer onto diffusion-weighted EPI sequences for targeted tractography tasks in the optic nerve
Authors: Janko Markus , Santaniello Sascha D. , Brockmann Carolin , Wolf Marcel , Grauhan Nils F. , Schöffling Vanessa I. , Dimova Violeta , Ponto Katharina , Hoffmann Esther M. , Kleinekofort Wolfgang , Othman Ahmed , Brockmann Marc , Kronfeld Andrea
Published: June 2024

Diffusion-based tractography in the optic nerve requires sampling
strategies assisted by anatomical landmark information (regions of
interest, ROIs). We aimed to investigate the feasibility of
expert-placed, high resolution T1-weighted ROI-data transfer onto lower
spatial resolution diffusion-weighted images. Slab volumes from twenty
volunteers were acquired and preprocessed including distortion bias
correction and artifact reduction. Constrained spherical deconvolution
was used to generate a directional diffusion information grid (FOD-model
(fibre orientation distribution)). Three neuroradiologists marked
landmarks on both diffusion imaging variants and structural datasets.
Structural ROI information (volumetric interpolated breath-hold sequence
(VIBE)) was respectively registered (linear with 6/12 degrees of freedom
(DOF)) onto single-shot (ss-EPI) and readout-segmented (rs-EPI) volumes
respectively. All eight ROI/FOD combinations were compared in a targeted
tractography task of the optic nerve pathway. Inter-rater reliability
for placed ROIs among experts was highest in VIBE images (lower
confidence interval 0.84 to 0.97, mean 0.91) and lower in both ss-EPI
(0.61 to 0.95, mean 0.79) and rs-EPI (0.59 to 0.86, mean 0.70).
Tractography success rate was highest in VIBE-drawn ROIs registered
(6-DOF) onto rs-EPI FOD (70.0% over 5%-threshold, capped to failed
ratio 39/16) followed by both 12-DOF registered (67.5%; 41/16) and
non-registered VIBE (67.5%; 40/23). On ss-EPI FOD, VIBE ROI-datasets
obtained fewer streamlines overall with each at 55.0% above
5%-threshold and with lower capped to failed ratio (6-DOF: 35/36;
12-DOF: 34/34, non-registered 33/36). The combination of VIBE-placed
ROIs (highest inter-rater reliability) with 6-DOF registration onto
rs-EPI targets (best streamline selection performance) is most suitable
for white matter template generation required in group-studies.
A Real-Time Plasma Concentration Prediction Model for Voriconazole in Elderly Patients via Machine Learning Combined with Population Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Chen Yongchuan , Liu Ruixiang , Ma Pan , Shang Shenglan , Yu Mengchen , Xie Linli , Zhao Linlin , Huang Yifan
Published: June 2024

Background Voriconazole (VCZ) is a first-line treatment drug for
invasive fungal disease, with narrow therapeutic window and significant
inter-individual variability. VCZ is primarily metabolized by liver,
which declines with age. For elderly patients, physiological and
pathological factors lead to more pronounced fluctuations in VCZ plasma
concentrations. Thus, it is crucial to establish a model that accurately
predicts VCZ plasma concentration in elderly patients. Methods A
retrospective study was performed incorporating 32 variables, including
population pharmacokinetics (PPK) parameters derived from the PPK model.
Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation was used for feature
selection. Multiple algorithms were selected and combined into an
ensemble model, and the model was interpreted by Shapley Additive
exPlanations. Results The predictive performance of machine learning was
greatly improved after inclusion of PPK parameters. The composition of
XGBoost, RF, and CatBoost (1:1:8) with the highest R2 (0.828) was
determined as the final ensemble model. Feature selection greatly
simplified the model from 31 variables to 9 variables without
compromising its performance. The R2, mean square error, mean absolute
error, and accuracy (± 30%) of external validation were 0.633, 1.094,
2.286, and 71.05%, respectively. Conclusions Our study is the first to
include PPK parameters as new factors for machine learning modeling to
predict VCZ plasma concentrations in elderly patients. The model
underwent optimization through feature selection. Our model provides a
reference for individualized dosing of VCZ in clinical practice,
enhancing the efficacy and safety of VCZ treatment in elderly patients.
Keywords: voriconazole, elderly patients, machine learning, population
pharmacokinetics, precision medicine
Unraveling Different Biological Roles of Plant Synaptotagmins
Authors: García-Hernández Selene , Rubio Lourdes , Pérez-Sancho Jessica , Morello-López Jorge , Valle Alicia Esteban del , Benítez-Fuente Francisco , Beuzón Carmen , Macho Alberto P. , Ruiz-López Noemi , Albert Armando , Botella Miguel A.
Published: June 2024

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane contact sites (ER-PM CS) are
evolutionarily conserved membrane domains found in all eukaryotes, where
the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) closely interfaces with the plasma
membrane (PM). This short distance is achieved in plants through the
action of tether proteins such as Synaptotagmins (SYTs). Arabidopsis
comprises five SYT members ( SYT1-SYT5), but whether they possess
overlapping or distinct biological functions remains elusive.
SYT1, the best-characterized member, plays essential roles in the
resistance to abiotic stress. This study reveals that the functionally
redundant SYT1 and SYT3 genes, but not SYT5, are
involved in salt and cold stress resistance. We also show that, unlike
SYT5, SYT1 and SYT3 are not required for
Pseudomonas syringae resistance . Since SYT1 and SYT5
interact in vivo via their SMP domains , the distinct
functions of these proteins cannot be caused by differences in their
localization. Interestingly, structural phylogenetic analysis indicates
that SYT1 and SYT5 clades emerged early in the evolution of land plants.
We also show that SYT1 and SYT5 clades exhibit different structural
features, rationalizing their distinct biological roles.
Manipulating Hormones to Mitigate Trade-offs in Crops
Authors: Xie Peng , Liu Fangyuan , Xie Qi
Published: June 2024

A key challenge in molecular breeding is breaking trait coupling.
Recently, Zhang et al. found inhibiting tissue-specific BR pathway
expression in rice increases panicle number by over 40% without
affecting grain size, offering a strategy to avoid hormonal negative
effects by optimizing hormone spatial distribution.
Swatting flies: Biting insects as non-invasive samplers for mammalian population genomics
Authors: Khan Anubhab , Carter Ryan , Mpamhanga Chengetai , Masiga Daniel , Channumsin Manun , Ciosi M , Manangwa Oliver , Mramba Furaha , Ijaz Umer , Auty Harriet , Mable Barbara
Published: June 2024

Advances in next-generation sequencing have allowed the use of DNA
obtained from unusual sources for wildlife studies. However, these
samples have been used predominantly to sequence mitochondrial DNA for
species identification while population genetics analyses have been
rare. Since next-generation sequencing allows indiscriminate detection
of all DNA fragments in a sample, technically it should be possible to
sequence whole genomes of animals from environmental samples. Here we
used a blood-feeding insect, tsetse fly, to target whole genome
sequences of wild animals. Using pools of flies, we compared the ability
to recover genomic data from hosts using the short-read sequencing
(Illumina) and adaptive sampling of long-read data generated using
Oxford nanopore technology (ONT). We found that most of the short-read
data (85-99%) was dominated by tsetse fly DNA and that adaptive
sampling on the ONT platform did not substantially reduce this
proportion. However, once tsetse reads were removed, the remaining data
for both platforms tended to belong to the dominant host expected in the
tsetse fly blood meal. Reads mapping to elephants, warthogs and giraffes
were recovered more reliably than for buffalo, and there was high
variance in the contribution of DNA by individual flies to the pools,
suggesting that there are host specific biases. We were able to identify
over 300,000 SNPs for elephants, which we used to estimate the allele
frequencies and expected heterozygosity for the population. Overall, our
results show that at least for certain wild mammals, it is possible to
recover genome-wide host data from blood-feeding insects.
Gut microbiome combined with metabolomics reveals biomarkers and pathways in neonatal cow milk protein allergy
Authors: Huang Qin , Tao Min , Wang Mei , Chen Zhiqiang , Hu Ying , Chen Sheng , Liao Wei
Published: June 2024

Background: Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) is an increasing
disease in Neonates and related with allergic diseases in childhood.
Emerging evidence has highlighted the involvement of gut microbes and
its downstream metabolic pathways in CMPA, but it remains unknown in
neonates. Methods: Thirty-one neonates with CMPA were selected
as the CMPA group, and 31 neonates matched for demographic and clinical
characteristics comprised the control group in a 1:1 ratio. 16S rRNA
high-throughput sequencing was used to detect the diversity and
composition of the gut microbiome, meanwhile liquid chromatography with
tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) non-targeted metabolomics was used
to detect its metabolites. Results: There were significant
differences in the beta diversity of the gut microbiome at the class and
family levels between groups ( p=0.018, 0.03).
Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Klebsiella, Cutibacterium,
Phascolarctobacterium and Bacillus were found with significant disparity
between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed
the AUC of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was 0.69, which was the
highest. Nontargeted metabolomics revealed 214 different metabolites
between groups, the enriched pathways mainly included protein digestion
and absorption; mineral absorption; tryptophan and galactose metabolism.
The ROC analysis indicated that the AUC were both 0.85 for genipic acid
and tryptophan. Conclusion: The microbiome
Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and metabolites genipic acid and
tryptophan are related to neonatal CMPA, and combined detection can be
used as an early diagnostic marker.
Non-Similar Analysis of Darcy-Forchheimer Flow of Ternary Hybrid Nanoparticles Over a Porous Stretching Sheet
Authors: Razzaq Raheela , Abrar Muhammad Nasir , Sagheer Saiqa , Farooq Umer
Published: June 2024

This research engages a non-similarity analysis to investigate the
effects of ternary hybrid-nanoparticles in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
Darcy-Forchheimer fluid stream stimulated by a porous stretching sheet.
The ternary nanoparticles under study are copper, titanium and carbon
nanotubes, whereas water is taken as a base fluid. In addition, the heat
equation is modelled with the various pertinent factors such as thermal
radiation, viscous dissipation, non-uniform, heat flux, and Joule
heating. Following the mathematical formulations, the differential
equations are non-dimensionless through a non-similarity conversion.
Additionally, the local non-similarity approach is utilized to transform
non-similar partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary
differential equations (ODEs). The resulting set of reduced ordinary
differential equations are solved numerically using the bvp4c MATLAB
tool. To enhance the understanding of emerging physical model, key
factors are comprehensively illustrated graphically and in tabular form.
Moreover, the pertinent engineering parameters, namely skin friction and
Nusselt number, are systematically portrayed in tabular form concerning
the significant factors.
Heat and mass transfer of Mixed convective MHD Micro-polar nanofluid flow between parallel plates in a porous medium
Authors: Arpitha R. , N Naresh Kumar , Srikanth D.
Published: June 2024

In the present analysis, an effort has been made to highlight the
behavior of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters on the
movement of micropolar nanofluid between two plates separated by common
height across the entire length. Different temperature and concentration
values are used at the boundaries and are fixed by a specific value. It
is to be noted that the fluids are periodically withdrawn and injected
from the upper and lower plates. The partial differential equations
underwent a transformation into a system of ordinary differential
equations by implementing similarity transformations. To obtain the
solution to the problem, a fourth-order Runge-Kutta system was employed.
A graphical analysis of the non-dimensionless velocity, mass and heat
profiles is conducted to investigate the influence of different fluid
and geometrical parameters.
The West Morava Flow Dynamics and Teleconnection Impact: A Case Study of Jasika Hydrological Profile (Central Srbija)
Authors: Burić Dragan , Penjišević Ivana
Published: June 2024

The West Morava (WM) River, situated in Serbia’s Central region, boasts
the largest reservoir of freshwater resources within the country. The
primary objective of this study was to investigate alterations in the
flow (Q) of the WM River (length of 308 km) at the Jasika hydrological
station (near the confluence) spanning from 1948 to 2023. Trend analyses
and standardized deviation method across monthly, seasonal, and annual
timeframes indicates an overall shift towards “drier” conditions along
the river’s trajectory. When examining the analysis at a daily level,
utilizing the percentile method revealed a diminishing trend in the
annual count of days small waters (Qd<9th), very small waters
(Qd<25th), large waters (Qd>75th), and very large
waters (Qd>91st). However, in the current segment of the
21st century (2001–2023), there has been a notable rise in the risk of
floods, evidenced by a significant increase in the annual count of days
with Qd>91st. It’s worth noting that river flow is chiefly
influenced by precipitation (P) and air temperature (T), which in turn
impacts evaporation rates. The findings from the Pearson correlation
coefficient analysis indicate that several atmospheric oscillations,
including NAO, NAO-500, NCP, AO, MO1, MO2, WeMO, and EAWR, exert a
significant influence on the local hydroclimate conditions, particularly
during colder months. Additionally, SNAO and AMO exhibit substantial
impact during the summer period. Notably, the influence of EA is
pronounced on T during February, April, and August, with correlation
coefficients ranging between 0.61–0.71. Conversely, the connections
with ENSO, SOI, SCAND, and POLEUR appear to be comparatively weaker
overall. Given the crucial importance of the WM River for Serbia, it is
necessary to define as soon as possible certain plans related to flow
equalization and sustainable management of water resources, but also
mitigation and adaptation to current and specially projected future
climate changes.
Existence of solutions for Klein-Gordon-Born-Infeld system with steep potential well
Authors: Liao Mao-Jun , Li Lin , Chen Shang-Jie
Published: June 2024

In this paper we consider the following Klein-Gordon equation coupled
with Born-Infeld theory { − ∆ u +( λA ( x )+ 1 ) u − ( 2 ω + ϕ ) ϕu = f
( x , u ) in R 3 , ∆ ϕ + β ∆ 4 ϕ = 4 π ( ω + ϕ ) u 2 in R 3 , where
f may be a superlinear term, or it may be an asymptotically
linear term. When f satisfies the superlinear conditions, we can
obtain the existence of a ground state solution. When f satisfies
the asymptotic conditions, we prove the existence of positive solutions
based on variational methods and some analytical techniques. In
addition, we will study the properties of decay estimates and asymptotic
behavior for the positive solution.
Retrieving seismic source characteristics using seismic and infrasound data: the 2020 mb 4.9 Kiruna minequake, Sweden
Authors: Turquet Antoine , Brissaud Quentin , Alvizuri Celso , Näsholm Sven Peter , Kero Johan , LePichon Alexis
Published: June 2024

A minequake of magnitude m 4.9 occurred on 18 May 2020
early in the morning at the LKAB underground iron ore mine in Kiruna,
Sweden. This is the largest mining-induced earthquake in Scandinavia. It
generated acoustic signals observed at three infrasound arrays at 9.3
(KRIS, Sweden), 155 (IS37, Norway), and 286 km (ARCI, Norway) distance.
We perform full-waveform focal mechanism inversion based on regional
seismic data and local infrasound data. These independently highlight
that this event was dominated by a shallow-depth collapse in agreement
with in-mine seismic station data. However, regional infrasound data
cannot inform the inversion process without an accurate model of
atmospheric winds and temperatures. Yet, our numerical simulations
demonstrate a potential of using local and regional infrasound data to
constrain an event’s focal mechanism and depth.
Deep-marine brine seeps stimulate microbial nitrogen cycling: implications for the formation of sediment-hosted ore deposits
Authors: Stueeken Eva , Long Annabel , Rochelle-Bates Nathan , Teske Andreas
Published: June 2024

Deep-marine brine seeps in the modern ocean are considered analogues for
settings that favoured the formation of sedimentary-exhalative zinc and
lead deposits in deep time. Microbial activity plays an important role
in the accumulation of ore minerals, meaning that the extent of
mineralization is at least indirectly dependent on nutrient fluxes.
Here, we investigated the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle in shallow
(15-50 cm) sediment cores from the Orca Basin brine pool and surrounding
sites, as well as from an active brine seep area near Dead Crab Lake in
the Gulf of Mexico, with the aim of constraining the effect of brine
seepage on this bio-essential element. We find high porewater ammonium
concentrations in the millimolar range, paired with elevated ratios of
organic carbon to nitrogen in sediments, which confirm previous
hypotheses that the brine recycles ammonium from sedimentary strata back
into the water column. Within Orca Basin, we note tentative evidence of
microbial ammonium utilization. At the active seep, ammonium is mixed
into the overlying water column and likely undergoes oxidation. Isotopic
data from sediments and dissolved ammonium, paired with previously
published genomic data, suggest the presence of dissimilatory nitrate
reduction to ammonium (DNRA) at the brine-seawater interface. We
conclude that brine seeps can stimulate biological nitrogen metabolisms
in multiple ways. Our results may help calibrate studies of
biogeochemical cycles around brine seeps that are archived in the rock
record.
Detecting slow slip signals in southwest Japan based on machine learning trained by real GNSS time series
Authors: Tanaka Yusuke , Kano Masayuki , Yano Keisuke
Published: June 2024

With the increase in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
observations, the requirement for objective and automated detection of
slow slip event (SSE) signals hidden in displacement time series is
increasing. However, machine learning for GNSS time series has rarely
been attempted, primarily due to the smaller number of SSEs compared to
ordinary earthquakes, which renders it difficult to prepare training
data. In this study, we conducted a single-site SSE detection based on
machine learning trained by real GNSS observations of southwest Japan to
directly consider the complicated spatiotemporal characteristics of
observational noise. Based on a catalog of 284 short-term SSEs,
approximately 16,000 time series containing SSE signals or noises were
extracted as training data. The signal data predominantly had an
amplitude of 1.5–2.0 mm. The model architecture following the
Generalized Phase Detection, which was originally proposed for seismic
wave detection, was then adopted. We obtained an accuracy of 97–98%
for the test data. As expected, signals with smaller amplitudes showed a
higher frequency of false negatives. The true-positive ratio was highest
in the western Shikoku region, which had the largest signal amplitude.
In contrast, the false-positive ratio exhibited a nearly random spatial
distribution. False detection appears to be caused primarily by the
bends in the time series that resemble the onset or termination of the
SSE signal. The analysis of this study is expected to facilitate a
straightforward evaluation of the influence of noise characteristics on
the detection performance, and clarify the crucial topics to improve
detection precision.
How Does Thermospheric Temperature and Composition Recovery Differ After a Strong Geomagnetic Storm?
Authors: Laskar Fazlul I , Codrescu Mihail V. , Eastes Richard W , Wang Wenbin , Sutton Eric K , McClintock William E.
Published: June 2024

The recovery of the thermosphere after a strong geomagnetic storm on 12
May 2021 is investigated using lower and middle thermospheric
temperature (Tdisk), ratio of atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen
column densities (O/N2), cooling due to Nitric Oxide (NO), and model
simulations. The peak influence of the geomagnetic storm lasted about
five hours and generated latitudinal gradients in Tdisk and O/N2.
Following the storm, the latitudinal gradient in temperature recovered
faster compared to that of O/N2. Measured NO-cooling rate and simulated
NO-densities are enhanced on the storm day compared to a quiet-day,
consistent with a rapid recovery in temperatures. Based on this, we
conclude that the faster recovery of the Tdisk latitudinal gradient is
driven by the combined effect of NO cooling and strong thermal
conductivity. Furthermore, the slower recovery of the O/N2 latitudinal
gradients can be attributed to the lack of poleward advection after the
storm.
Measuring Amazon rainfall intensity with sound recorders
Authors: Xavier Rodrigo de Souza , Gosset Marielle , Maciel Tarcisio Ferreira , Nascimento Leandro Aparecido do , Bicudo Thiago , Ramalho Emiliano , Fleischmann Ayan Santos
Published: June 2024

Ground weather observations are scarce in many parts of the globe,
hampering effective climate monitoring and disaster management. In the
Amazon basin, this occurs due to its remoteness and the challenging
measurement of rainfall within the forest. Innovative rainfall
estimation methods are thus requested to fill this gap. Here we present
an approach to estimate rainfall based on sound measurements. We
identified the best frequency range to estimate rainfall occurrence and
intensity, trained classification and regression models with sound and
rain gauge data collected in the Central Amazon during nine months. By
training a random forest classifier/regression model based on power
spectrum values it was possible to identify and satisfactorily estimate
hourly rainfall rates in two vegetation environments distinct from the
training site, located 30 km from it. The proposed method is a promising
approach for future weather monitoring in remote tropical areas.
Spatial Clustering Pattern of Wildfire Burning Risk in California, USA
Authors: Ibrahim Fahmina Binte , Binte Fahmina
Published: June 2024

As wildfires in California, USA continue to cause a peril to the
population residing there, a clear insight into the spatial patterns and
distribution of wildfires is essential. This study aims to explore the
high-risk clusters and low risk clusters for wildfire hazard utilizing
the GIS tools and techniques along with Statistical modelling tool. By
using the up-to-date dataset, the neighborhood effect and spatial
relation among them from this study can be helpful for fire mitigation
measures and land use planning and building resilience of the community.
Also, the result from this study can contribute to strengthening
wildfire management strategies.

This study considers the Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation and
Hotspot, cold spot analysis methods to identify the neighboring effects
and the clustering of the wildfire risks. An integrated approach using
GIS spatial analysis and Statistical analysis tools and techniques are
utilized. Data is collected from United States Department of Agriculture
(Scott et. al. 2020) research data set in the form of raster data.

The findings of the study show that regions with high-risk of burning
due to wildfire tend to cluster together, whereas regions with low risk
of burning exhibit a similar pattern of spatial correlation. This study
can be useful for identifying localized contributing factors for
wildfire as well as the hotspot for the hazard in California. Also,
spatial autocorrelation is essential for prioritizing risk areas and
resource allocation thus effective wildfire management together with
better community resilience.
Improving the QBO Forcing by Resolved Waves with Vertical Grid Refinement in E3SMv2
Authors: Yu Wandi , Hannah Walter M. , Benedict James J , Chen Chih-Chieh , Richter Jadwiga H.
Published: June 2024

The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is the strongest mode of
variability in the tropical stratosphere and plays an important role in
stratospheric dynamics and chemistry. The QBO is notably deficient in
many climate models, including the Energy Exascale Earth System Model
(E3SM) developed by the US Department of Energy. In this work, we
utilize vertical grid refinement to reduce the lower stratospheric grid
spacing from roughly 1 km to 500 m to facilitate more realistic synoptic
wave activity in lower stratosphere in E3SM version 2. The refinement
results in a simulated QBO with a reasonable amplitude and
easterly-westerly transition, but still has a longer period than
observed, slower easterly downward propagation speed, and shallower
vertical depth. Similar refinement in the multi-scale modeling framework
(MMF) configuration of E3SM yields similar improvements. By analyzing
the forcing contributions from different wave types, we find that most
of the QBO forcing still comes from parameterized gravity wave drag from
convection. The improved QBO forcing contributions from resolved waves,
especially equatorial Kelvin waves and resolved small scale gravity
waves can be attributed to the grid refinement.
Limited organic carbon burial by the rusty carbon sink in Swedish fjord sediments
Authors: Placitu Silvia , Velde Sebastiaan van de , Hylén Astrid , Hall Per , Robertson Elizabeth K , Eriksson Mats , Leermakers Martine , Mehta Neha , Bonneville Steeve
Published: June 2024

Marine sediments bury ~160 Tg of organic carbon (OC)
annually and represent an essential component of the global carbon
cycle. OC burial is inherently multifactorial; however, in the past
decade, the role of iron in regulating OC burial via the formation of
organo-mineral associations, known as “rusty carbon sink,” has been
extensively studied. Despite widespread recognition, the origin of the
OC preserved within these associations and the effect of the
bottom-water oxygenation on their stability are still debated. Here, we
investigate the rusty carbon sink in sediments collected across
transects from the head to mouth of three Swedish fjords presenting
contrasting bottom-water oxygenation regimes (the oxic Hake fjord,
seasonally hypoxic Gullmar fjord, and anoxic By fjord). We found that
the oxygenation regimes, the intensity of benthic iron cycling, or the
OC origin have little to no influence on the amount of OC bound to Fe
(%OC-Fe). The lack of correlation with any of the parameters studied,
in combination with an increase in the %OC-Fe in the fjords with
riverine input suggest, at least partially, an allochthonous origin of
these organo-mineral associations. Our results also show that the rusty
carbon sink play a modest role in the OC burial in these fjords
(~6% OC is bound to Fe). While these fjords still
represent important OC burial hotspots with an average of
~35 g C m-2 buried annually, the OC burial is controlled
by other sedimentary processes, such as the high mass accumulation rates
found in these fjord systems.
Long-term Efficacy of Dupilumab in Papulo-erythroderma of Ofuji
Authors: Vanhaecke Clélia , Gusdorf Laurence , Viguier Manuelle
Published: June 2024

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
An Asymptomatic Brown Plaque on the Face: A Quiz
Authors: Zhang Daoning , Lin Pingping , Li Hang
Published: June 2024

Abstract is missing (Quiz)
A 71-year-old Woman with CREST Syndrome and Multiple Waxy Facial Papules and Plaques: A Quiz
Authors: Planella-Fontanillas Nidia , Pesqué David , Parra-Navarro Laura , Pujol Ramon M.
Published: June 2024

Abstract is missing (Quiz)
Fragmented Facial Flushing: A Quiz
Authors: Lyons Alexis B. , Karim Mardeen S. , Mohammad Tasneem F.
Published: June 2024

Abstract is missing (Quiz)
Handcycling with concurrent lower body low-frequency electromyostimulation significantly increases acute oxygen uptake in elite wheelchair basketball players: an acute crossover trial
Authors: Rappelt Ludwig , Held Steffen , Micke Florian , Wiedenmann Tim , Deutsch Jan-Philip , Kleinöder Heinz , Donath Lars
Published: June 2024

Objective: Wheelchair basketball (WCB) demands high-intensity training due to its intermittent nature. However, acute oxygen uptake (V˙O2) in handcycling is restricted. Combining handcycling with low-frequency electromyostimulation (LF-EMS) may enhance V˙O2 in elite WBC athletes.
Design: Randomized crossover trail.
Subjects: Twelve German national team WCB players (age: 25.6 [5.6] years, height: 1.75 [0.16] m, mass: 74.0 [21.7] kg, classification: 2.92 [1.26]).
Method: Participants underwent 2×5 min of handcycling (60 rpm, ¾ bodyweight resistance in watts) (HANDCYCLE) and 2×5 min of handcycling with concurrent LF-EMS (EMS_HANDCYCLE). LF-EMS (4Hz, 350µs, continuous stimulation) targeted gluteal, quadriceps, and calf muscles, adjusted to individual pain thresholds (buttocks: 69.5 [22.3] mA, thighs: 66.8 [20.0] mA, calves: 68.9 [31.5] mA).
Results: Significant mode-dependent differences between HANDCYCLE and EMS_HANDCYCLE were found in V˙O2 (17.60 [3.57] vs 19.23 [4.37] ml min-1 kg-1, p = 0.001) and oxygen pulse (16.69 [4.51] vs 18.41 [5.17] ml, p = 0.002). ΔLactate was significantly lower in HANDCYCLE (0.04 [0.28] vs 0.31 [0.26] mmol l-1). Although perceived effort did not differ (p = 0.293), discomfort was rated lower in HANDCYCLE (1.44 [1.28] vs 3.94 [2.14], p = 0.002).
Conclusion: LF-EMS applied to the lower extremities increases oxygen demand during submaximal handcycling. Thus, longitudinal application of LF-EMS should be investigated as a potential training stimulus to improve aerobic capacity in wheelchair athletes.
A Survey on Sun Protection and Skin Cancer Understanding of Women at a Shelter in Long Island
Authors: L Therese , S Caleb
Published: June 2024

As a medical student, I want to take action to make people understand the significance of skin health and protection from the sun. The United States faces a skin cancer epidemic, with cancer cases on the rise, emphasizing the importance of preventative education. However, not all people have the same opportunity to acquire this vital data. This is the reason why I am suggesting a skin education and sun protection advocacy project aimed at the high-risk communities in New York City. I aim to enlighten vulnerable groups to enable them to make reliable decisions that safeguard their health. I will start by doing workshops and practical training at women's shelters in the neighbourhood. Despite being one of the most preventable forms of cancer. Melanoma continues to claim lives due to lack of understanding and awareness regarding the skin health.
Barriers and Difficulties of Students in the Mathematics Learning Process in Junior High Schools
Authors: Risma Uly Manalu  , Loso Judijanto
Published: June 2024

Low math learning outcomes in students, especially in comparison materials, are reflected in low scores on the National Exam and learning outcomes in the classroom. Several factors, both internal and external, can cause learning difficulties experienced by students. This study aims to analyze the obstacles to students' difficulties in learning mathematics and their causes. The subjects involved were 30 students. This type of mixed research uses data collection methods through tests, interviews, and questionnaires. The instruments used are closed questionnaire sheets and interview guidelines. Data analysis techniques using data collection are interactive model data analysis techniques, especially in the data reduction and conclusion drawing sections. The results revealed that 12 students experienced difficulties in interpreting language. These difficulties include difficulty understanding the problem's core and integrating everyday language into the depth of mathematical language. The conclusion that can be formulated is that the difficulties experienced by students arise because of themselves and from people around their school environment. This research implies that educators design materials by improving concepts and mathematical literacy to overcome student difficulties.
Learning Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Elementary Schools
Authors: Maryono  , Rejokirono
Published: June 2024

Distance learning activities also present problems, such as students and teachers needing adequate device access and a stable internet connection. Based on this, this research aims to analyze the effectiveness of learning management in elementary schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of research is qualitative research. The data collected is primary and secondary. The subjects of this research were all sixth-grade elementary school teachers from 25 state schools and two private schools. The methods used to collect data are interviews, observation, and documentation. The research instruments were interview guidelines, observation guidelines, documentation guidelines, cameras, and notebooks. The technique used to analyze data is qualitative descriptive analysis. The research results show first that during the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers used online, offline, and a combination of online and offline approaches. Second, learning management is in a suitable category. Third, learning obstacles include device availability, network disruption, internet package availability, student discipline, and inadequate teacher information and technology competence. Teachers overcome obstacles by paying attention to the causes of these obstacles. It was concluded that the effectiveness of learning carried out by teachers was adequate so that learning objectives could be achieved optimally.