bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morpho-physiological-based selection criteria for chili (Capsicum annuum) under drought stress during vegetative to generative phase
Authors: LESTARI PENI , SYUKUR MUHAMAD , TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS , WIDIYONO WAHYU
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Istiqomah I, Isnansetyo A, Murwantoko, Handayani DP, Lestari YN, Taslihan A, Permana IGN, Wijayanti E. 2023. Antibiotic resistance of emerging pathogenic bacteria of hybrid grouper farming in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2493-2501. A hybrid grouper is among the main coastal farming species in Asian countries, yet vibriosis is still a significant issue. Therefore, a knowledge of pathogenic strains responsible for recent cases is essential for developing appropriate control measures. The purpose of the study was to describe emerging bacterial pathogens associated with hemorrhagic disorder, skin wounds, and mortality in cantang hybrid grouper farms in Indonesia. A total of 30 bacterial strains were recovered from the kidney of diseased grouper on TCBS agar. Based on the ability to induce clinical signs and mortality of grouper juveniles owing to intraperitoneal bacterial infection at 106 CFU/fish, the bacteria were divided into three groups: pathogenic (n=11), low-pathogenic (n=2), and non-pathogenic (n=17). The pathogenic strains were putatively identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. damsela (n=8), Vibrio alginolyticus (n=1), Vibrio harveyi (n=2), and Vibrio azureus (n=2) based on the biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA and DNA gyrase B subunit gene sequences. The pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to erythromycin, gentamycin, oxytetracycline, and kanamycin. However, it still has various resistant patterns to ampicillin, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, and enrofloxacin. This study demonstrated the emergence of pathogenic P. damselae subsp. damselae, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. azureus in grouper aquaculture in Indonesia with multiple antibiotic resistance, which needed to further studies.
The diversity and abundance of weeds in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) plantations and its relationships with Hymenoptera parasitoids diversity
Authors: WIBOWO DENNIS , RAHARDJO BAMBANG TRI , KARINDAH SRI , MUHAMMAD FAIZ NASIRUDDIN
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Wibowo D, Rahardjo BT, Karindah S, Muhammad FN. 2023. The diversity and abundance of weeds in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) plantations and its relationships with Hymenoptera parasitoids diversity. Biodiversitas 24: 2342-2349. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important plantation commodity in Indonesia. One of the strategies to improve sugarcane production is by controlling pest populations in sugarcane plantations which can be done by increasing the role of natural enemies as control agents, such as Hymenoptera parasitoids. The presence of parasitoids is influenced by the diversity of vegetation, including weed plants, due to the nectar contained in its flowers. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity, abundance and composition of weeds in sugarcane plantations and their relationships with the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids that have the potential to control pests in sugarcane plantations. The study was conducted from June to August 2022 in four locations in East Java, i.e. Karangploso and Kalipare (Malang), Pasirian (Lumajang) and Gandusari (Blitar). Observation of weed vegetation was carried out by taking samples using 1 m x 1 m frame inside the observation point at each observation plot. Collection of Hymenoptera parasitoids used yellow pan trap and modified farmcop to determine the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids in the field. Observations were made at intervals of 1 week. We found that the highest abundance of weeds found across the four sugarcane plantations was Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler, Ipomoea triloba L. and Ageratum conyzoides L. The highest abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoid species found were Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Telenomus dignus Gahan. There were positive relationships between weed density and Hymenoptera parasitoid diversity and abundance at each sugarcane plantation. Weed species with the most presence of Hymenoptera parasitoids were A. conyzoides, I. triloba and Mimosa pudica L. In conclusion, the presence of weed vegetation on sugarcane plantations affected the composition of the Hymenoptera parasitoid community. The results of this study can be the rationale that the conservation of wild weeds in sugarcane fields is very important to support the existence of beneficial parasitoids.
Ethnobotanical study on using bamboo for kites making in Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: IHSAN MUHAMMAD , IRAWAN BUDI , ISKANDAR BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT , ISKANDAR JOHAN
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Ihsan M, Irawan B, Iskandar BS, Iskandar J. 2023. Ethnobotanical study on using bamboo for kites making in Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2393-2401. Bamboo has diverse socio-economic, cultural, and ecological roles in rural areas. Residentsin Cijambu Village, Tajungsari District, Sumedang Regency, West Java, usually use bamboo for kite crafts based on local or Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). However, currently, the craft activities of the residents of Cijambu Village in making kites tend to decline. This is due to the reduced kite demand, and the younger generation is less interested in kite-making crafts. As a result, it is difficult for the kite-making industry in Cijambu Village to provide jobs and creates an opportunityfor the villagers to maintain its sustainability. In addition, the decline in the kite-making industry could cause the gradual erosion and subsequent loss of the TEK. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the TEK of Cijambu Village on bamboo species and landraces, the utilization of bamboo for the kite-making industry, and its benefits for rural communities. The method used in this study was qualitative with an ethnobotanical approach; there are 12 informants comprising seven men and five women between the ages of 35 and 70 years involved in this study. The resultof the study showed thata total of 5 landraces and species of bamboo, i.e.: awi tali (Gigantochloa apus (Schult.f.) Kurz), awi bitung (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.f.) Backerex K. Heyne), awi surat (Gigantochloa verticillata (Willd.) Munro), awi gombong héjo (Gigantochloa verticillata (Willd.) Munro), awi temen (Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz),and awi haur konéng (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl. var. Striata (Lodd.ex Lindl.) Gamble) in Cijambu Village. The G. apus have predominantly been used for making kites, creating many job opportunities for men and women, and diversifying household income. However, the future sustainability of the kite industry in Cijambu Village tends to be very challenging because the demand for kites is declining occasionally. At the same time, the younger generation is less interested in kites making, and the TEK gradually erodes withinthe younger generation. Thus, it was revealed that the use of bamboo for the kite craft industry had formed biocultural systems, as well as changes in the culture and linguistics of villagers, which can affect the management and conservation of bamboo in rural areas.
Secondary metabolites of the granular form of Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 and its applications to control tomato bacterial wilt
Authors: SOESANTO LOEKAS , SAPUTRA DHIMAS AULI , SASTYAWAN MURTI WISNU RAGIL , MUGIASTUTI ENDANG , SUPRAPTO AGUS , RAHAYUNIATI RUTH FETI
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Soesanto L, Saputra DA, Sastyawan MWR, Mugiastuti E, Suprapto A, Rahayuniati RF. 2023. Secondary metabolites of the granular form of Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 and its applications to control tomato bacterial wilt. Biodiversitas 24: 2475-2482. Bacterial wilt is one of the important diseases of tomatoes caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al. 1996. Its control can be achieved by applying secondary metabolites of Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula 1895 P60 in granular form. The study aimed to determine the shelf life of the secondary metabolites P. fluorescens P60' in granular form and its application to manage bacterial wilt and the performance of tomatoes. The study was conducted for five months at the Plant Protection Laboratory and Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. A randomized block design was used with four replicates and six treatments, consisting of R. solanacearum (control), R. solanacearum + 1, 5, 10, or 15 g, and bactericide (a.i. agrimycin sulphate 20%). Variables observed were inhibition zone, incubation period, disease intensity, the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), crop height, crop fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, and phenolic compounds qualitatively. Results of the research showed that the granular formula until the 4th week still had an inhibition zone between 21.67-23.34%. However, the granules stored for as much as 15 g for four weeks effectively reduced disease intensity by 75.00%, decreased AUDPC value by 74.72%, and increased plant height, root dry weight, and fresh crop weight as well 44, 62.5, and 65.65 %, respectively. In addition, the granular formula increased the content of tomato phenolic compounds qualitatively.
Antibiotic resistance of emerging pathogenic bacteria of hybrid grouper farming in Indonesia
Authors: ISTIQOMAH INDAH , ISNANSETYO ALIM , MURWANTOKO MURWANTOKO , HANDAYANI DESY PUTRI , LESTARI YANI NUR’AINI , TASLIHAN ARIEF , PERMANA I GUSTI NGURAH , WIJAYANTI ENDANG
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Istiqomah I, Isnansetyo A, Murwantoko, Handayani DP, Lestari YN, Taslihan A, Permana IGN, Wijayanti E. 2023. Antibiotic resistance of emerging pathogenic bacteria of hybrid grouper farming in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2493-2501. A hybrid grouper is among the main coastal farming species in Asian countries, yet vibriosis is still a significant issue. Therefore, a knowledge of pathogenic strains responsible for recent cases is essential for developing appropriate control measures. The purpose of the study was to describe emerging bacterial pathogens associated with hemorrhagic disorder, skin wounds, and mortality in cantang hybrid grouper farms in Indonesia. A total of 30 bacterial strains were recovered from the kidney of diseased grouper on TCBS agar. Based on the ability to induce clinical signs and mortality of grouper juveniles owing to intraperitoneal bacterial infection at 106 CFU/fish, the bacteria were divided into three groups: pathogenic (n=11), low-pathogenic (n=2), and non-pathogenic (n=17). The pathogenic strains were putatively identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. Damselae (n=8), Vibrio alginolyticus (n=1), Vibrio harveyi (n=2), and Vibrio azureus (n=2) based on the biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA and DNA gyrase B subunit gene sequences. The pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to erythromycin, gentamycin, oxytetracycline, and kanamycin. However, it still has various resistant patterns to ampicillin, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, and enrofloxacin. This study demonstrated the emergence of pathogenic P. damselae subsp. damselae, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. azureus in grouper aquaculture in Indonesia with multiple antibiotic resistance, which needed to further studies.
Physico-chemical, heavy metal analysis and physical composition of household solid waste, Shone Town, Ethiopia
Authors: BALILO GIZACHEW , ASCHALEW ABEBE , MANIKANDAN REJILA , FEYISA ARBO
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Balilo G, Aschalew A, Manikandan R, Feyisa A. 2023. Physico-chemical, heavy metal analysis and physical composition of household solid waste, Shone Town, Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 32-37. In Ethiopia, Shone is one of the country's fast-developing towns; inadequate solid waste management was observed. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the generation rate and selected physico-chemical characterization and heavy metal analysis of household solid waste. The study was conducted on randomly selected 120 households from two Kebele of the town. The physico-chemical analysis results revealed that moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity (dS/cm), nitrogen, organic carbon, (%), phosphorus and potassium content of household solid waste were 54.6, 8.25, 2.52 (dS/cm), 2.47, 10.25, 0.54, and 0.82%, respectively. In addition, in the decomposed household solid waste samples, heavy metals such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, chromium, lead, and cadmium were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results showed the concentration of these heavy metals in the decomposed solid waste samples was in the order of iron>manganese>zinc>copper>nickel>chromium>cobalt>lead>cadmium. Daily solid waste from those households was separated into its components, and each component was measured. That was conducted for 7 consecutive days to quantify and characterize household solid waste. The result revealed that the household solid waste generation rate in the study area was 0.206 kilogram/capita/day. The physical composition of the solid waste in Shone Town is mainly organic, constituting 92.8%. The organic waste of the town has a high content of biodegradable waste such as food waste (49.56%), ash and dust (29.74%), yard waste (4.95%), textile (4.006%), old shoes and bone (2.5%), paper and cardboard (2.04%) and recyclable material such as plastic (3.28%), glass and metal (3.88%) all account for 92.8% (biodegradable) and 7.17% (non-biodegradable), respectively.
Diversity and role of woody non-timber forest products in Doba District, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: ABEBAW AMARE FASSIL , DAMME PATRICK VAN
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Abebaw AF, Damme PV. 2023. Diversity and role of woody non-timber forest products in Doba District, Eastern Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 38-47. Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) play a pivotal role as local sources of medicine, household paraphernalia, and fodder and offer income opportunities that can mitigate poverty. This study was conducted in Doba District, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, to analyze the diversity and economic contribution of non-timber forest products. Both ethnobotanical and vegetation data were cross-sectionally collected from February 2020 up to June 2021. A total of 422 informants selected randomly from forest inhabitants were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires to explore NTFP utilization and their economic contributions. Vegetation data were collected from 56 sample plots of each 20m x 20m (400m2) along transects lines. Vegetation data collected were analyzed for the relative density of species, Shannon-Wiener index, species evenness, and relative frequency. From the household survey, 58 plant species categorized in 55 genera and 35 families were identified as NTFP-bearing species. Analysis of the socio-economic data shows that NTFP collection is a day-to-day activity of the local communities. These communities use NTFPs in different types of use categories, namely medicinal plants (32, 55.17%), melliferous species (20, 34.48%), wild food and condiment species (22, 37.93%), farm implements (7, 12.06%), wood and flavoring (6, 10.34%), source of energy (20, 35.71%), and household utensils and construction materials (30, 51.72%). The market survey analysis showed that NTFPs account for about 15.77% of the annual household income. The vegetation survey showed that Ades Forest has a good status with an average density of 1,450 plants ha-1, high Shannon-Wiener index (H =3.299), and species evenness (E = 0.81). Ades Forest harbors a diverse number of NTFP-bearing species used for several categories. The study reveals the real experiences of the local communities in utilizing NTFPs for their livelihood. Forest dependency rates tend to be higher among poor households. However, further study on production potential and market chain analysis should be done together with awareness creation activities to get a sustainable product for the community and conserve the forest resource.
Minerals and fatty acids profile of armored catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis from Ciliwung River, Indonesia
Authors: WIJAYANTI FAHMA , LISDANIYAH ADE , HASANAH MAULIDATUL , ELFIDASARI DEWI
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Wijayanti F, Lisdaniyah A, Hasanah M, Elfidasari D. 2023. Minerals and fatty acids profile of armored catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis from Ciliwung River, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 58-67. Fish is an important food source in human consumption due to its minerals and fatty acids needed for various body functions. One fish widely eaten by the people around the Ciliwung River, Indonesia is the armored catfish, Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855). It has great economic value and is easily obtained by the residents along this river. Due to its high protein content, P. pardalis is a potential source of animal protein for humans. The unavailability of information detailing the minerals content and fatty acids in P. pardalis from the Ciliwung River makes it necessary to conduct this research to analyze the fish's minerals content and fatty acid profile. Analyses of minerals, fatty acid contents, and fatty acid profiles were conducted using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), socletation, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) methods, respectively. The mineral content of P. pardalis from the highest order was calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron, and zinc. Based on P. pardalis body size, large fish had the highest calcium concentration content, and the lowest calcium content was found in the medium fish. The fat content in this fish was very low (<1%), and the content of Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) was greater than unsaturated ones. Furthermore, palmitate acid was the dominant fatty acid in the fish, while the biggest ratio of omega-6: omega-3 is fatty acids.
The use of non-medicinal plants by the community of Ayah Village in South Gombong Karst Area, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: HANUN ZAHRA , ATHAYA DANASTRI NUR , SHOLEKHA AINI MAR'ATUSH , DAMAYANTI CLARA ESTELITA , NAZAR IRFAN ABU , CAHYANINGSIH AGUSTINA PUTRI , JUNAEDI EDI , BUOT JR. INOCENCIO E. , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Hanun Z, Athaya DN, Sholekha AM, Damayanti CE, Nazar IA, Cahyaningsih AP, Junaedi E, Buot JR IE Setyawan AD. 2023. The use of non-medicinal plants by the community of Ayah Village in South Gombong Karst Area, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 68-78. In the homegardens of the people of Kebumen District, Central Java Province, Indonesia, especially in the karst area of Ayah Village, usually planted various plant species with many benefits. However, the knowledge of the people of Ayah Village, Kebumen, about the various benefits of plants is only known from generation to generation, passed on orally and in daily practice habits, so a study is needed to document this information. This study aimed to determine the knowledge of local communities and various types of non-medicinal plants used to fulfill people's daily lives. Data was collected through survey techniques and open interviews with a purposive sampling method with 40 respondents. An inventory of non-medicinal plants resulted in findings of 118 plant species from 59 families. The plants used consisted of 51 species of food plants, 40 species of ornamental plants, 19 species of spices, six species of animal feed, six species of firewood, five species of building materials, and two species of hedges. Some species have more than one use. Our study showed that most of the local community uses plants as food with more diverse plant species compared to other uses.
Response of various growth regulators and shade intensity to the growth of arabica coffee seedlings of Sigarar Utang variety
Authors: DAMANIK REVANDY ISKANDAR MUDA , HANUM CHAIRANI , SEMBIRING LOKO JEREMIA
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Damanik RIM, Hanum C, Sembiring LJ. 2023. Response of various growth regulators and shade intensity to the growth of arabica coffee seedlings of Sigarar Utang variety. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 85-89. The productivity of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) of the Sigarar Utang variety in Indonesia is still relatively low, especially in Simalungun District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Growth regulators and shade are some factors that must be considered in nurseries. This research aims to determine the best growth regulators type and shade intensity for Arabika coffee seedling growth. The experiment was conducted from March to June 2022 in Nagori Ujung Bawang, Simalungun District, and the Central Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra. The study used a Split Plot design of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor (main plot) consists of 4 levels, namely 0, 50, 70, and 90% shade intensity. The second factor (sub-plot) consists of the three growth regulator treatments, i.e., auxin, cytokinin, and the combination of auxin and cytokinin. The results showed that the interaction between shade intensity and growth regulators had a significantly different effect on increasing root length. The shade treatment significantly affected plant height, leaf area, and total chlorophyll content of leaves. However, it did not affect the stem diameter. A shade intensity of 90% significantly increased plant height, leaf area, and total chlorophyll content of leaves.
Embryo and larvae development of Nilem Fish, Osteochilus vittatus reared in batik liquid waste
Authors: NUGRAHESTHI GISELA HARSIWI , WIJAYANTI GRATIANA EKANINGSIH , HABIBAH AULIDYA NURUL
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Nugrahesthi GH, Wijayanti GE, Habibah AN. 2023. Embryo and larvae development of Nilem Fish, Osteochilus vittatus reared in batik liquid waste. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 105-112. The embryonic and larval stages are critical phases of an organism's development. For aquatic organisms, development is affected by environmental factors such as liquid waste. A batik liquid waste is a waste product of the textile industry usually streamed directly into the aquatic environment. This study aimed to observe the effects of exposure to batik liquid waste effects on developing Nilem (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes, 1842) fish embryos and larvae. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design. One hundred two-celled embryos were kept in batik liquid waste with dilution concentrations of 0% (the control), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of water until the age of 4 days after hatching with five replications. The time of embryo evaluation was 60th minutes, 120th minutes, and 180th minutes after fertilization; the larval stage evaluation time was the 24th, 48th, 72nd, and 96th hour after fertilization; five embryos were evaluated for each replication. The results showed that embryo exposure to batik liquid waste affected the height of the blastoderm embryo, accumulation of waste in the chorion of the embryo, deceleration of embryonic development, increased larval abnormalities, decreased the survival rate of larvae, and acceleration of yolk absorption of fish larvae. Embryos were successfully hatched and produced larvae only in the control and 5% batik liquid waste medium. Batik liquid waste interfered with O. vittatus embryo development and generated mortality above 5%.
Terahertz biosensor integrated with Au nanoparticles to improve the sensing performance
Authors: Li Rong , Li Zhenbi , Jiang Yuanyuan
Published: June 2023

A terahertz (THz) sensor is presented based on a metasurface integrated with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). It was used to improve the sensitivity of the detection of whey protein and to enhance the sensing index of group delay. This demonstrates that AuNPs can improve the sensing performance of the biosensor. The internal mechanism can be explained by the modified perturbation theory and the coupled harmonic oscillator model. This study provides a means of enhancing the sensitivity of the THz biosensor.
Laser shock forming of metal nanostructures with ultrafine gaps
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Maolu , Zhao Feng
Published: June 2023

The nanogaps between metal nanostructures are of great importance in nanotechnology. However, low cost and high precision fabrication of such nanogaps is still a difficult problem. In this paper, a method combining nanosecond laser shock and flexible metal film is proposed to form ultrafine gaps between metal nanostructures. The forming mechanism of ultrafine gaps between metal nanostructures was revealed by studying the superplastic deformation, spatiotemporal evolution of stress and strain, and cooperative deformation of the flexible metal thin film and metal nanostructures under laser shock. On the basis of the mechanism study, the effects of laser parameters and gold nanoparticle size on the forming of ultrafine gaps were further studied, so as to achieve high precision forming of ultrafine gaps (<10nm) between metal nanostructures.
A machine learning framework for the quantification of experimental uveitis in murine OCT
Authors: Mellak Youness , Ward Amy , Nicholson Lindsay , Descombes Xavier
Published: June 2023

This paper presents methods for the detection and assessment of non-infectious uveitis, a leading cause of vision loss in working age adults. In the first part, we propose a classification model that can accurately predict the presence of uveitis and differentiate between different stages of the disease using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. We utilize the Grad-CAM visualization technique to elucidate the decision-making process of the classifier and gain deeper insights into the results obtained. In the second part, we apply and compare three methods for the detection of detached particles in the retina that are indicative of uveitis. The first is a fully supervised detection method, the second is a marked point process (MPP) technique, and the third is a weakly supervised segmentation that produces per-pixel masks as output. The segmentation model is used as a backbone for a fully automated pipeline that can segment small particles of uveitis in two-dimensional (2-D) slices of the retina, reconstruct the volume, and produce centroids as points distribution in space. The number of particles in retinas is used to grade the disease, and point process analysis on centroids in three-dimensional (3-D) shows clustering patterns in the distribution of the particles on the retina.
The femtosecond structure of extreme contrast, multi-terawatt laser pulses at 400 nm
Authors: Chandrasekaran Aparajit , Dulat Ankit , Choudhary Anandam , Lad Amit , Couairon Arnaud , Ravindra Gattamraju
Published: June 2023

Ultrahigh intensity contrast, short pulse laser-solid interactions offer an attractive platform for investigating high-energy density matter, particularly in the context of structured and ultra-thin targets that form hot, dense plasma conditions. Harmonic generation can improve the contrast of laser pulses by several orders of magnitude. In this study, we present the characterization of extreme contrast, relativistic intensity second-harmonic (SH) pulses at 400 nm, using the self-diffraction frequency-resolved optical gating (SDFROG)
technique. The 400 nm pulses were generated at various input intensities using potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and lithium triborate (LBO) crystals. Our observations reveal the presence of spectral broadening,
pulse compression, and complex structures at higher input intensities. We see that extreme contrast, a few tens of femtosecond pulses can have multiple ’prepulses’ at the 100s femtosecond scale as large as ten percent of the peak value. These can preionize a solid significantly and may influence the interaction. Simulations based on nonlinear pulse propagation equations reinforce our findings.
Tuberculosis related barriers and facilitators among immigrants in Atlantic Canada: A qualitative study
Authors: Shamputa Isdore Chola , Law Moira A. , Kelly Clara , Nguyen Duyen Thi Kim , Burdo Tatum , Umar Jabran , Barker Kimberley , Webster Duncan
Published: June 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and affects approximately one-quarter of the world’s population. Immigrant populations in Canada are disproportionately affected by TB. Canada’s immigration medical examinations include screening for active TB but not latent TB infection (LTBI). In LTBI, the bacterium remains dormant within the host but can reactivate and cause disease. Once active, TB can be transmitted to close contacts sharing confined spaces leading to the possibility of outbreaks in the broader community. This study aimed to 1) assess the current TB knowledge, perceived risk, and risk behaviors of immigrants in Atlantic Canada as well as 2) identify barriers and facilitators to testing and treatment of TB among this population. Three focus group discussions were conducted with a total of 14 non-Canadian born residents of New Brunswick aged 19 years and older. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Four themes were identified from the data relating to barriers to testing and treatment of LTBI: 1) Need for education, 2) stigma, 3) fear of testing, treatment, and healthcare system, and 4) complacency. Results included reasons individuals would not receive TB testing, treatment, or seek help, as well as facilitators to testing and treatment. These findings may inform the implemention of an LTBI screening program in Atlantic Canada and more broadly across the country.
Cross-sectional validation of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in rural Uganda
Authors: Batte Charles , Semulimi Andrew Weil , Mutebi Ronald Kasoma , Twinamasiko Nelson , Muyama Sarah Racheal , Mukisa John , Atukunda Immaculate , Mukunya David , Kalyesubula Robert , Trishul Siddharthan , Kirenga Bruce
Published: June 2023

Measuring quality of life is a key component in the management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The COPD assessment test (CAT), an easy to administer and shorter instrument than the standard Saint George’s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), could be an alternative tool for measuring the quality of life of COPD patients in rural Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2022, consecutively recruiting 113 COPD patients aged > 40 years from the Low-Dose Theophylline for the management of Biomass-associated COPD (LODOT-BCOPD) study. Upon obtaining consent, participants answered an interviewer administered social demographic, CAT and SGRQ questionnaire. Internal consistency for both SGRQ and CAT was determined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and values > 0.7 were considered acceptable while correlations were determined using Spearman’s rank correlation. Limits of Agreement were visualised using Bland Altman and pair plots. Of the 113 participants, 51 (45.1%) were female. The mean age was 64 ± 12 years, 19 (16.8%) had history of smoking while majority (112 (99.1%)) reported use of firewood for cooking. There was a strong correlation of 0.791 (p < 0.001) between the CAT and SGRQ total scores with a high internal consistency of CAT, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.924 (0.901–0.946). The agreement between the absolute CAT scores and the SGRQ scores was good with a mean difference of -0.932 (95% Confidence Interval: -33.49–31.62). In summary, CAT has an acceptable validity and can be used as an alternative to the SGRQ to assess the quality of life of COPD patients in rural Uganda.
Evidencing leprosy neuronal inflammation by 18-Fluoro-deoxy-glucose
Authors: Penna Patricia Sola , De Souza Sergio Augusto Lopes , De Lacerda Paulo Gustavo Limeira Nobre , Rodrigues Pitta Izabela Jardim , Spitz Clarissa Neves , Sales Anna Maria , Lara Flavio Alves , De Souza Ana Caroline Siquara , Sarno Euzenir Nunes , Pinheiro Roberta Olmo , Jardim Marcia Rodrigues
Published: June 2023

Background

Leprosy is caused by multiple interactions between Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) and the host’s peripheral nerve cells. M. leprae primarily invades Schwann cells, causing nerve damage and consequent development of disabilities. Despite its long history, the pathophysiological mechanisms of nerve damage in the lepromatous pole of leprosy remain poorly understood. This study used the findings of 18F-FDG PET/CT on the peripheral nerves of eight lepromatous patients to evaluate the degree of glucose uptake by peripheral nerves and compared them with clinical, electrophysiological, and histopathological evaluations.

Methods

Eight patients with lepromatous leprosy were included in this study. Six patients were evaluated up to three months after leprosy diagnosis using neurological examination, nerve conduction study, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and nerve biopsy. Two others were evaluated during an episode of acute neuritis, with clinical, neurophysiological, and PET-CT examinations to compare the images with the first six.

Results

Initially, six patients already had signs of peripheral nerve injury, regardless of symptoms; however, they did not present with signs of neuritis, and there was little or no uptake of 18F-FDG in the clinically and electrophysiologically affected nerves. Two patients with signs of acute neuritis had 18F-FDG uptake in the affected nerves.

Conclusions

18F-FDG uptake correlates with clinical neuritis in lepromatous leprosy patients but not in silent neuritis patients. 18F-FDG PET-CT could be a useful tool to confirm neuritis, especially in cases that are difficult to diagnose, such as for the differential diagnosis between a new episode of neuritis and chronic neuropathy.
Understanding the role of depressive symptoms in academic outcomes: A longitudinal study of college roommates
Authors: Quinn Diane M. , Canevello Amy , Crocker Jennifer K.
Published: June 2023

Rising rates of depression among adolescents raise many questions about the role of depressive symptoms in academic outcomes for college students and their roommates. In the current longitudinal study, we follow previously unacquainted roommate dyads over their first year in college (N = 245 dyads). We examine the role of depressive symptoms of incoming students and their roommates on their GPAs and class withdrawals (provided by university registrars) at the end of the Fall and Spring semesters. We test contagion between the roommates on both academic outcomes and depressive symptoms over time. Finally, we examine the moderating role of relationship closeness. Whereas students’ own initial levels of depressive symptoms predicted their own lower GPA and more course withdrawals, they did not directly predict the academic outcomes of their roommates. For roommates who form close relationships, there was evidence of contagion of both GPAs and depressive symptoms at the end of Fall and Spring semesters. Finally, a longitudinal path model showed that as depressive symptoms spread from the student to their roommate, the roommate’s GPA decreased. The current work sheds light on a common college experience with implications for the role of interventions to increase the academic and mental health of college students.
Fashion brand campaigns: Carlos Gil SS21 case study
Authors: Cruchinho Alexandra , Peixoto Rodrigo , Neves José Carlos , Marcelo Ana Sofia , Pereira Selma , Gil Carlos
Published: June 2023

This article illustrates a whole set of ideas and challenges around a campaign for a collection, specifically, the case study of the campaign for the SS21 collection by Carlos Gil – a Portuguese luxury fashion brand. The principal challenge designers are facing today is to design and structure the campaign for their recent collections to reach their target audience and other possible consumers in a global market. Through the case study, we will analyse the multi-disciplinarity involved in the production of campaigns for the fashion brand CARLOS GIL, as well as the entire creative process from the idea to the final product – the collection’s promotional materials. In addition, we seek to discuss the importance of image in communication and its role in using new digital realities, as well as the experience of virtualization and the use of mixed realities in a fashion campaign.
Colour matters: An exploratory study of the role of colour in clothing consumption choices
Authors: Durrani Marium , Niinimäki Kirsi
Published: June 2023

It is widely acknowledged that clothing serves as our second skin. Colour plays a significant role in our choice when selecting our clothing, as well as in social and cultural realities, various rituals, everyday practices, and individual or group identities. In this study, we discuss consumer clothing choices in relation to colour based on data analysis drawn from focus group-based research. Analysis of the data revealed not only the importance that colour holds for consumers, but also that there exist different types of colour consumers and that different colour consumption attributes coexist. Moreover the study presents consumers’ colour preferences through different lenses; internal forces (colour preferences in connection to consumers’ identity, mood and body image), colour attributes (shade, matching colours, colour maintenance), external structures (colour preferences in connection to weather conditions and markets) and social factors (social acceptance and cultural context).
Soloùp’s graphic memoir Aivali: Reconstructing a deconstructed community
Authors: Karagianni Eleftheria
Published: June 2023

In 2014, the graphic memoir Aivali created by the prolific comics artist with the pen name Soloùp was published in Greece with great success. His book constitutes a mosaic of personal experiences relating mainly to the cities of Aivali, Chania and the island of Lesbos. More precisely, Soloùp’s sequential art recounts his own personal experiences and reminiscences from a day trip in Aivali sometime in the 2000s, the autobiographical memories of three Greek authors that refer to their lives in the same city before and during the Greco-Turkish war in Asia Minor and the story of a Turkish young man, a family member of the Turkish writer Ahmet Yorulmaz, who resided in Chania until his settlement in Aivali in 1923. The purpose of this article is to examine the way in which the spirit of community is revived, how the city of Aivali is socially reconstructed and finally, the manner in which community and space are connected with each other and also with social memory. The notions of community, space and social memory will be approached through the lens of classical sociology theories formulated by Ferdinand Tönnies, Emile Durkheim and Maurice Halbwachs.
Adoption, Memory, and Cold War Greece: Kid Pro Quo?, Gonda Van Steen (2019)
Authors: Hantzaroula Pothiti
Published: June 2023

Review of: Adoption, Memory, and Cold War Greece: Kid Pro Quo?, Gonda Van Steen (2019)

Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 323 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-47213-158-7, h/bk, $94.95

ISBN 978-0-47203-881-7, p/bk, $39.95

 

Zitountai paidia apo tin Ellada: Yiothesies stin Ameriki tou Psychrou Polemou, Gonda Van Steen (2021) (Trans. Ariadne Loukakou)

Athens: Potamos, 520 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-60545-173-8, p/bk, €25.20
DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) silencing causes increased Cdx2 and Nanog levels in surviving embryos
Authors: Uysal Fatma , Sukur Gozde , Bozdemir Nazlican , Cinar Ozgur
Published: June 2023

Epigenetic mechanisms are one of the essential regulators of gene expression which do not involve altering the primary nucleotide sequence. DNA methylation is considered among the most prominent epigenetic mechanisms in controlling the functions of genes related to cell differentiation, cell cycle, cell survival, autophagy, and embryo development. DNA methyl transferases (Dnmts) control DNA methylation, the levels of which are differentially altered during embryonic development, and may determine cell differentiation fate as in the case of pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) or trophectoderm (TE). In this study, we aimed to analyze the role of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a enzymes in ICM (using the Nanog marker) and TE (using the Cdx2 marker) differentiation, autophagy (using p62 marker), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis (using TUNEL) during mouse preimplantation embryo development. Following knockdown of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a in zygotes, expression levels of Cdx2 in the trophectoderm and Nanog in the inner cell mass were measured, as well as p62 levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis levels after 96 hours in embryo culture. We found that knockdown of Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a significantly induced Cdx2 and Nanog expression. Similarly, p62 expression, ROS levels and apoptosis significantly increased after silencing. This study shows that Dnmt genes are highly crucial for embryonic fate determination and survival. Further studies are required to reveal the specific targets of these methylation processes related to cell differentiation, survival, autophagy, and ROS production in mouse and human preimplantation embryos.
Factors of Blockchain Adoption for FinTech Sector: An Interpretive Structural Modelling Approach
Authors: Gupta Somya , Prasad Sahu Ganesh
Published: June 2023

Blockchain Technology (BT) is rapidly becoming one of the most promising emerging economy innovations. Financial Technology (FinTech) has been disrupted by blockchain, and its market size is growing by the day. Payments are closely related to banking, and blockchain has become very famous in the banking industry. This study aims to analyse the factors influencing behavioural intention to adopt blockchain in FinTech. Total 13 factors were extracted from the literature, and later relations among these variables were analysed using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). The study's conceptual model was built and validated by academic experts working in blockchain. Later, MICMAC analysis was performed to study these variables' driving and dependence power. Blockchain has various challenges as well as opportunities but due to its advantages its implementation is recommended for FinTech. As per our results, the implementation of blockchain in FinTech is required as it promotes data privacy and traceability and involves more trust than traditional means.
Strategic reading comprehension in L2 and L3: assuming relative interdependence within Cummins’ linguistic interdependence hypothesis
Authors: Talebi Seyed Hassan , Fallahi Javad , Amjadi Ali
Published: June 2023

This experimental study attempts to put to the test Cummins’ (1978) Linguistic Interdependence Hypothesis (LIH) in reading between English (L2) and Arabic (L3). Two groups of comparison and experimental attended this study. The experimental group received reading strategy instruction while the comparison group received the traditional form of reading instruction in L2. Both groups received reading comprehension tests in L2 and L3 before and after the instructions. An interview was finally conducted for a more in-depth investigation. Analysis of quantitative data evinced overall reading comprehension ability significantly improved only in the experimental group in both languages, supporting Cummins’ LIH. Componentially, only the inferential component improved significantly for the experimental group, showing different components contribute differently to the interdependence between languages. Qualitative findings showed miscellaneous results in linguistic, cognitive, and affective domains which were evidence of both interdependence and non-interdependence between L2 and L3. The pedagogical implication is further discussed.
Crystal structure of tetracarbonyl-{μ-[N-(diphenylphosphanyl)-N,P,P-triphenylphosphinous amide]}-bis[μ-(phenylmethanethiolato)]diiron (Fe–Fe), C48H39Fe2NO4P2S2
Authors: Gao Xin-Ping , Lü Shuang , Li Qian-Li
Published: June 2023

C48H39Fe2NO4P2S2, orthorhombic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.4073(11) Å, b = 16.9013(14) Å, c = 11.8261(12) Å, α = 90°, β = 108.297(4)°, γ = 90°, V = 2164.8(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0355, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0740, T = 298(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-[(μ3-bromido)-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoato-κ1
N)copper(I)], C9H7BrCuN3O2
Authors: Yuan Zhi-Min , Xia Yu-Pei
Published: June 2023

C9H7BrCuN3O2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 3.8736(3) Å, b = 7.5238(7) Å, c = 18.1555(19) Å, α = 84.581(1)°, β = 

88.166

(
2
)

°

$88.166(2){}^{\circ}$

, γ = 81.551(1)°, V = 520.96(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0344, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0845, T = 298(2) K.
Uncertainty quantification by probabilistic analysis of circular fins
Authors: Gorla Rama Subba Reddy
Published: June 2023

The temperature distribution and thermal Stresses induced by a temperature difference for steady state heat transfer in silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic tube heat exchanger with circular fins was computationally simulated by a finite element method and probabilistically evaluated in view of the several uncertainties in the performance parameters. Cumulative distribution functions and sensitivity factors were computed for the hoop stresses due to the structural and thermodynamic random variables. These results are used to identify the most critical design variables in order to optimize the design and make it cost effective. The probabilistic analysis leads to the selection of the appropriate measurements to be used in structural and heat transfer analysis and to the identification of both the most critical measurements and parameters.
Dual Regulation of Spine-Specific and Synapse-to-Nucleus Signaling by PKCδ during Plasticity
Authors: Colgan Lesley A. , Parra-Bueno Paula , Holman Heather L. , Tu Xun , Jain Anant , Calubag Mariah F. , Misler Jaime A. , Gary Chancellor , Oz Goksu , Suponitsky-Kroyter Irena , Okaz Elwy , Yasuda Ryohei
Published: June 2023

The activity-dependent plasticity of synapses is believed to be the cellular basis of learning. These synaptic changes are mediated through the coordination of local biochemical reactions in synapses and changes in gene transcription in the nucleus to modulate neuronal circuits and behavior. The protein kinase C (PKC) family of isozymes has long been established as critical for synaptic plasticity. However, because of a lack of suitable isozyme-specific tools, the role of the novel subfamily of PKC isozymes is largely unknown. Here, through the development of fluorescence lifetime imaging-fluorescence resonance energy transfer activity sensors, we investigate novel PKC isozymes in synaptic plasticity in CA1 pyramidal neurons of mice of either sex. We find that PKCδ is activated downstream of TrkB and DAG production, and that the spatiotemporal nature of its activation depends on the plasticity stimulation. In response to single-spine plasticity, PKCδ is activated primarily in the stimulated spine and is required for local expression of plasticity. However, in response to multispine stimulation, a long-lasting and spreading activation of PKCδ scales with the number of spines stimulated and, by regulating cAMP response-element binding protein activity, couples spine plasticity to transcription in the nucleus. Thus, PKCδ plays a dual functional role in facilitating synaptic plasticity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic plasticity, or the ability to change the strength of the connections between neurons, underlies learning and memory and is critical for brain health. The protein kinase C (PKC) family is central to this process. However, understanding how these kinases work to mediate plasticity has been limited by a lack of tools to visualize and perturb their activity. Here, we introduce and use new tools to reveal a dual role for PKCδ in facilitating local synaptic plasticity and stabilizing this plasticity through spine-to-nucleus signaling to regulate transcription. This work provides new tools to overcome limitations in studying isozyme-specific PKC function and provides insight into molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity.