bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of health workforce turnover and retention in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in remote communities of the Northern Territory and Western Australia, 2017-2019
Authors: Veginadu Prabhakar , Russell Deborah Jane , Zhao Yuejen , Guthridge Steven , Ramjan Mark , Jones Michael P , Mathew Supriya , Fitts Michelle S , Murakami-Gold Lorna , Campbell Narelle , Tangey Annie , Boffa John , Rossingh Bronwyn , Schultz Rosalie , Humphreys John , Wakerman John
Published: May 2024

Background
Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs) in Australia aim to optimise access to comprehensive and culturally safe primary health care (PHC) for Aboriginal populations. Central to quality service provision is the retention of staff. However, there is lack of published research reporting patterns of staff turnover and retention specific to ACCHSs. This study quantified staff turnover and retention in regional and remote ACCHSs in the Northern Territory (NT) and Western Australia (WA), and examined correlations between turnover and retention metrics, and ACCHSs’ geographical and demographic characteristics.
Methods
The study used 2017-2019 payroll data for health workers in 22 regional and remote PHC clinics managed by 11 ACCHSs. Primary outcome measures included annual turnover and 12-month stability rates, calculated at both clinic and organisation levels.
Results
There was a median of 5 client-facing (Aboriginal health practitioners, allied health professionals, doctors, nurses/midwives, and ‘other health workers’ combined) and 2 non-client-facing (administrative and physical) staff per remote clinic, at any time point. Mean annual turnover rates for staff were very high, with 151% turnover rates at the clinic-level and 81% turnover rates at the organisation-level. Mean annual turnover rates for client-facing staff were 164% and 75%, compared to 120% and 98% for non-client-facing staff, at clinic and organisational levels, respectively. Mean 12-month stability rates were low, with clinic-level stability rates of only 49% and organisation-level stability rates of 58%. Mean annual clinic-level turnover rates were 162% for non-Aboriginal staff and 81% for Aboriginal staff. Both workforce metrics were moderately to highly correlated with the relative remoteness of clinics, size of regular clients serviced, and average annual headcount of employees in each clinic (p values <0.01).
Conclusion
Participating ACCHSs in remote NT and WA have a very high turnover and low retention of healthcare staff. Overall, clinic-level turnover rates tend to be lower for Aboriginal staff and increase as distance from regional centres increases. These staffing patterns are likely to impose an untoward burden on ACCHSs’ resources, and may also affect quality of service delivery due to lack of continuity of care.
Does Unequal Tax Burden Contribute toWomen-Owned Businesses Leaving the Tax Net?
Authors: Woldeyes Firew , Ambel Alemayehu
Published: May 2024

This study investigates gender disparities in the tax burden in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia, using data on 2,320 taxpayers for 2011 and 2012. A quantile regressionanalysis is employed to control for firm characteristics such as sector, size, andage. The results show that women-owned businesses are more likely to operate inlow-profit sectors and report lower sales and tax liabilities than men-owned businesses.However, women-owned businesses pay as much as men-owned businessesin taxes, suggesting that they are subject to a higher effective tax rate. This, inturn, may lead to women-owned businesses exiting the tax net at a higher rate.These findings suggest that gender disparities in tax compliance are not simplydue to differences in firm characteristics but may also be due to biases in taxdeclaration and enforcement processes.
JEL Classification: H22 , J16
DID: Data Isolation via Dynamic Adjustment of Permissions and Spaces
Authors: Li YongGang , Qu Zhi , Chung Yeh-Ching
Published: May 2024

Heap and stack are the main carriers for storing data in the operating system (OS), and their isolation is a key factor to ensure the data privacy and instruction orders. The existing isolation methods have the problem of coarse granularity. In addition, the completely open feature of the read and write permissions of the heap and stack has a serious impact on isolation. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an isolation method DID. This method refines the granularity of the isolated stack and heap. It establishes a framework to dynamically adjust the permissions and spaces of the target data. Based on this framework, DID builds four mechanisms: heap fence mechanism, heap owner mechanism, stack alternation mechanism, and stack jump mechanism. These mechanisms can be used to isolate the data on the heap or stack. Experiments and analysis show that DID has a good defense effect against various attacks based on data out-of-bounds access. And it only introduces 1.9% overhead to the CPU.
Large-Scale Stream K-means Based on Product-Quantized Codes
Authors: Hang Yuqing , Yin Hongwei , Hu Wenjun , Zhong Longfei
Published: May 2024

In recent years, using clustering technology to process large-scale data streams is a research hotspot in the field of data mining. However, for the processing of large-scale data streams, most existing methods suffer from slow speed, insufficient memory, and lack of detection and response mechanisms for concept drift. In this paper, a Large-Scale Stream K-measn based on product-quantized codes (LS2K-means) is proposed. By first introducing product quantization code into the framework of incremental clustering methods, memory space consumption is reduced through the dimensionality reduction of data. Additionally, a new similarity measurement method is introduced, greatly improving the efficiency of distance calculation. A concept drift detection and response mechanism is constructed. By comparing the consistency of clustering results, concept drift can be quickly detected, and a backtracking mechanism is utilized to respond to concept drift promptly, effectively improving the algorithm’s performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulations on six real datasets. The method efficiently handles concept drift and outperforms DenStream and EmCStream in terms of execution efficiency.
Molecular identification and Phylogenetic relationship of fishes belonging to the Family Danionidae from Brahmaputra Basin, Assam, Northeast India
Authors: Barman Manabjyoti , Bhushan Shashi , Phukan Bipul , Kumar Annam Pavan , Jaiswar Ashok Kumar , Talukdar Avinash , Kalita Rinku , Gopa Silpa S.
Published: May 2024

Backgroud The Northeast India, being part of two global biodiversity hotspot namely the Indo-Burma and Eastern Himalayan Hotspot supports a wide variety of rich aquatic biodiversity including fishes. The family Danionidae is a widely diverse group inhabiting the upper colder stretches of river although few are abundant in the lower stretches also. The persisting similarity in the morphological appearance and body colouration within the members of this family seeks an integrated method to identify the species correctly.
Methods and results In the present study, the mt-DNA barcode was generated for correct identification and confirmation of the species. A total of nine mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences were generated for each species under the study. The pairwise distance calculated with the help of MEGA 11 softwareresulted distance value ranging from 0.1% to 0.4% within the species and 9.02% to 32.83% between the species. A neighbour-joining tree was constructed based on the Kimura 2 parameter model.Two major group were observed where Danioninae formed sister group to the Chedrinae and Rasborinae.
Conclusion The present study is a preliminary approach to document and identify the species under the family Danionidae from Brahmaputra basin, Assam,using molecular tools and establish thephylogenetic relationship.
Study on hydrometallugical reduction leaching of pyrolusite enhanced by electric field using pyrite as reductant
Authors: Zhao Yakun , Pan KeFeng , Yang RuiYao , Hou ChengShuo , Zhang Nan , Chen Geng
Published: May 2024

In this paper, electric field as a chemical process intensification methods was utilized in the leaching experiment of manganese from pyrolusite using pyrite as reductant. The key leaching parameters under the action of electric field, such as liquid-to-solid ratio, mass ratio of pyrolusite and pyrite, H2SO4 molar concentration, stirring speed, leaching temperature, direct current density, were investigated, respectively. The results suggest the optimum parameters of liquid-to-solid ratio, mass ratio of pyrolusite and pyrite, H2SO4 molar concentration, stirring speed, leaching temperature, direct current density were 10ml/g, 10:3, 1.6mol/L, 250 r/min, 353K, 700 A/m2 under the leaching time of 3h, the manganese extraction efficiency of 96.22% was obtained, the manganese extraction rate of leaching with electric field is nearly 36% higher than that of leaching without electric field, indicating that the electric field enhanced ion migration to improve manganese leaching rate. In addition, phase analysis and morphology detection revealed that leaching slag with electric field contains less elemental sulfur and unreacted pyrolusite as well as pyrite. This further showed that the introduction of electric field promoted the high valence conversion of elemental sulfur, decreased the encapsulation effect of elemental sulfur on minerals, and led to efficient leaching of manganese.
In-domain versus Out-of-domain transfer learning for document layout analysis
Authors: De Nardin Axel , Zottin Silvia , Piciarelli Claudio , Foresti Gian Luca , Colombi Emanuela
Published: May 2024

Data availability is a big concern in the field of document analysis, especially when working on tasks that require a high degree of precision when it comes to the definition of the ground truths on which to train deep learning models. A notable example is represented by the task of Document Layout Analysis in handwritten documents, which requires pixel-precise segmentation maps to highlight the different layout components of each document page. These segmentation maps are typically very time-consuming and require a high degree of domain knowledge to be defined, as they are intrinsically characterized by the content of the text. For this reason in the present work, we explore the effects of different initialization strategies for deep learning models employed for this type of task by relying on both in-domain and cross-domain datasets for their pre-training. To test the employed models we use 2 publicly available datasets with heterogeneous characteristics both regarding their structure as well as the languages of the contained documents. We show how a combination of cross-domain and in-domain transfer learning approaches leads to the best overall performance of the models, as well as speeding up their convergence process.
Finite Elements of Multiscale Mixtures (FE2M) in Three Dimensions: Theory, Numerical Implementation, and Analyses
Authors: Almasi Ashkan , Ricken Tim , Pierce David
Published: May 2024

The remarkable macro-mechanics of many soft tissues and fluid-saturated, porous engineered materials derive from the complex micro-mechanics of their constituents interacting. To facilitate mechanistic understanding and improved analyses (e.g. of experimental results) of the multi-scale mechanics of such materials we aimed to establish a computational framework specific to heterogeneous, fluid-saturated, soft tissues and engineered materials. The FE2 method is a general approach in finite elements (FEs) to describe the behavior of heterogeneous materials that circumvents the macroscopic constitutive model, instead a micro-scale representative volume element (RVE) analyses uses the same FE formulation to describe the nonlinear material behaviors resulting from the microstructure. We combined the theory of mixtures and the FE2 method (i.e. finite elements of multiscale mixtures, the FE2M method) to solve 3-D, two-scale, non-linear, coupled, and time-dependent boundary value problems for poroelastic materials. We established this multi-scale framework within FEBio (University of Utah) to perform finite element discretizations of boundary value problems on both macro- and micro-scales and thus facilitate new studies of fluid-saturated, biphasic/poroelastic materials. We investigated the performance of our FE2M framework using numerical experiments, specifically 3-D simulations of square plates with regular circular holes and included two different boundary conditions. Specifically, we studied the error behaviors, convergence rates, and run times, as well as the influence of size effects, i.e. the difference in scale between the macroscale (global) models and the microscale (local) RVE models for biphasic materials. Our results show that there is a size effect but that, with careful application of the framework, we can make the error arbitrarily small. Our FE2M framework is ideally suited to bridge the joint, tissue, and intra-tissue scales inherent in the biomechanics of soft tissues, but have not yet been applied to multi-phase, heterogeneous and fibrous materials. We provide free, public access to our FE2M framework as a plugin for FEBio, including a short user manual and input files for simple test cases, at github.uconn.edu/imLab/FE2M Resources.
Whole genome sequencing and analysis of Inonotus hispidus isolated from the Chengde Mountain Resort, China
Authors: Fu Chunzheng , Song Yongxue , Zhang Donghao , Wang Hui , Chen Xiuling , Li Jisheng
Published: May 2024

Inonotus hispidus is an edible medicinal macrofungus whose nutritional and therapeutic qualities are well-known. The species is widely distributed in Asia, Europe, North Africa, and North America. As a medicinal and health resource it is highly valued in East Asian countries, notably China, Japan, and South Korea. The antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, hypolipidemic, and immunomodulatory activity of I. hispidus have been documented. In this study, we utilized a combination of Illumina NovaSeq and PacBio Sequel platforms to sequence the whole genome of a strain of I. hispidus named "CDMR" after the Chengde Mountain Resort (Hebei Province, China), where the spores of fresh wild fruiting bodies were collected. The genome size of I. hispidus CDMR was found to be 34.22 Mb, containing 7,723 coding genes, 8,100 repetitive sequences, 91 tRNAs, 13 rRNAs, and 15 snRNAs. Sets of these genes were annotated using the following databases: GO (5,012 genes), KEGG (5,714), COG (1,209), NR (6,576), TCDB (297), InterPro (5,012), and Uniprot (1,639). In addition, we found 313, 340, 128, 116, and 728 genes related to carbohydrate-active enzymes, secretory proteins, secondary metabolism, Cytochrome P450, and pathogen–host interactions, respectively. Our findings offer comprehensive insights into the genome of I. hispidus CDMR, fostering the exploration of genomic and functional variances among I. hispidus populations from diverse regions. Moreover, this study contributes to the advancement of the genetic and genomic investigations of the nutritional and therapeutic attributes of I. hispidus.
Clinical and medical economic value of screening colonoscopy before laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Igami Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Masanao , Ishikawa Takuya , Yamamura Takeshi , Yamao Kentaro , Maeda Keiko , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Sawada Tsunaki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Mizuno Takashi , Yamaguchi Junpei , Onoe Shunsuke , Sunagawa Masaki , Watanabe Nobuyuki , Baba Taisuke , Kawakatsu Shoji , Kawashima Hiroki , Ebata Tomoki
Published: May 2024

Purposes:
Clinical value of screening colonoscopy (SC) has been widely accepted; however, its clinical utility remains controversial in patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The aim of this study is to confirm the clinical value of medical care costs for SC before LC.
Methods
Of the 509 patients who underwent LC, 335 patients underwent preoperative SC, and the remaining 174 patients did not. The electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and the technical fees of SC and endoscopic and/or surgical resection for colorectal neoplasia (CRN) were analyzed.
Results
In the 335 study patients, CRNs were identified in 179 patients (53.4%), including eight (2.4%) with adenocarcinomas, and 132 (39.4%) with tubular adenomas. The rate of advanced adenoma and adenocarcinoma were 13.1%. The total technical fees of SC and/or treatment of CRNs among the 335 study patients and surgical procedures among the four patients who were diagnosed with resectable colorectal carcinoma after LC were 13,125,700 JPY and 4,964,300 JPY, respectively. Regarding the technical fee per person, the former group (approximately 39,180 JPY) had much economic advantage compared to the latter group (1,241,075 JPY).
Conclusions
Scheduling LC is recognized as an important chance to undergo SC.
Pilbara Fat-Tailed Kangaroos: Using Multivariate and Morphometric Analyses to explore Spatial and Stylistic Variability
Authors: He Shiqin , Hughes Michael , Gilani Zulquarnain , Morrison Patrick , McDonald Jo
Published: May 2024

This paper presents an pioneering analysis of a distinctive motif in the engraved corpus of the Pilbara region: the fat-tailed macropod (kangaroo). This approach uses multivariate techniques and face morphometric analysis (FMA) software to explore stylistic variation. Focusing on engraved art (petroglyphs) in Australia’s northwest, this study aims to develop a statistically viable and repeatable approach to exploring stylistic variability by using morphometrics to quantify the significant attributes of these distinctive kangaroo depictions. Integration of multivariate analysis and cutting-edge FMA technology offers an innovative means of exploring the regional dimensions of a deep-time Indigenous artistic tradition. Differing degrees of stylistic homogeneity are interpreted as different signalling intentionality by the artists in different parts of this region. Landscape placement further reinforces how these motifs represent differently inscribing behaviours across the Pilbara: further evidence about identity production and artist intentionality. Distance metrics of the attributes reveal how indigenous knowledge of kangaroo behaviours has been depicted in these iconic Pilbara motifs.
Behavioral biometric optical tactile sensor that instantaneously decouples dynamic touch signals in real time
Authors: Lee Jiseok , Son Changil , Kim Jinyoung , Kang Dongwon , Park Seojoung , Jung Sanggyun , Ahn Seonghyeon , Lim Chanoong , Lee Dong Woog , Kim Donghyuk , Kim Jungwook , Ko Hyunhyub , Ryu Chaeyeong , Baek Dahye , Jung Geonyoung , Jeong Yundon , Park Jung-Hoon , Eom Jeongin
Published: May 2024

Decoupling dynamic touch signals in the optical tactile sensors is highly desired for behavioral tactile applications yet challenging because typical optical sensors mostly measure only static normal force and use imprecise multi-image averaging for dynamic force sensing. Here, we report a highly sensitive upconversion nanocrystals-based behavioral biometric optical tactile sensor that instantaneously and quantitatively decomposes dynamic touch signals into individual components of vertical normal and lateral shear force from a single image in real-time. By mimicking the sensory architecture of human skin, the unique luminescence signal obtained is axisymmetric for static normal forces and non-axisymmetric for dynamic shear forces. Our sensor demonstrates high spatio-temporal screening of small objects and recognizes fingerprints for authentication with high spatial-temporal resolution. Using a dynamic force discrimination machine learning framework, we realized a Braille-to-Speech translation system and a next-generation dynamic biometric recognition system for handwriting.
Oxygen-confined photooxidation represents a novel form of oxidative protein damage
Authors: Min Duyoung , Kim Seoyoon , Kim Eojin , Park Mingyu , Kim Sung Ho , Kim Byung-Gyu , Sadongo Victor , Wijesinghe W.C. Bhashini , Eom Yu-Gon , Yoon Gwangsu , Lee Chaiheon , Jeong Hannah , Kim Chae Un , Myung Kyungjae , Choi Jeong-Mo , Min Seung Kyu , Kwon Tae-Hyuk
Published: May 2024

Oxidative modifications can disrupt protein folds and functions and are strongly associated with human aging and diseases. Conventional oxidation pathways typically involve the free diffusion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which primarily attack the protein surface. Yet, it remains unclear whether and how internal protein folds capable of trapping oxygen (O2) contribute to oxidative damage. Here, we reveal a novel pathway of protein damage, which we refer to as O2-confined photooxidation. In this process, O2 is captured in protein cavities and subsequently converted to singlet oxygen (1O2), a highly reactive ROS, under blue light irradiation. The generated 1O2 then attacks the protein interior through constrained diffusion, causing protein damage. The effects of this photooxidative reaction are extensive, affecting a wide range of cellular proteins, as supported by whole-cell proteomic analysis. This photooxidative mechanism may represent a latent oxidation pathway in human tissues directly exposed to visible light, such as skin and eyes.
Acute Ischemic Stroke Management at Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh: The Crucial Role of Alteplase in Thrombolysis
Authors: Biswaas Himel Kumar , Biswas Rama ,   Sheikh Nafis - ur Rahman1, Mahadi Ashrafur Rahaman
Published: May 2024

A 70-year-old hypertensive and past smoker gentleman presented an acute ischemic stroke with an NIHSS score of 12. Intravenous thrombolysis using Alteplase led to a remarkable recovery, reducing the NIHSS score to 2 within 48 hours. This highlights intravenous thrombolysis' efficacy in acute ischemic stroke management in low-resource settings in Bangladesh.
Aging associated with cardiovascular mortality: Demographic distribution and mortality in northern Peru 2022-2023
Authors: Zavaleta-Corvera Carlos , Guarniz Dora Guevara , Caballero-Alvarado José
Published: May 2024

Aim
To evaluate the demographic distribution and cardiovascular mortality in northern Peru during the years 2022 and 2023, to identify associated factors that influence these diseases.
Methods
A retrospective observational epidemiological study was carried out, analyzing demographic and cardiovascular mortality data of individuals who died in northern Peru during the year 2022-23. Official sources were used to collect the data, guaranteeing the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. Statistical analyzes were carried out to evaluate mortality trends, the main causes of cardiovascular death, and the relationship between demographic variables and mortality rates.
Results
10,739 people were included in the analysis. The majority were older adults between 70 and 89 years old (67.53%), with a slight preponderance of men (51.63%). The predominant health coverage was public(SIS, Essalud, PNP Health, EP, FAP, naval) with 90.61% being theSIS the most frequent (52.01%). Unspecified myocardial infarction and bacterial pneumonia were the main causes of death during the time period analyzed. The correlation between age and mortality rate was positive and strong (Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.415, p < 0.001). The simple linear regression model showed that age was a significant factor in predicting the mortality rate (p < 0.001), with a beta coefficient of 0.002 and an R square of 0.173 (17.3% of the variability in the mortality rate). mortality).
Conclusions
The study indicates the critical influence of age as a predictor of mortality. Myocardial infarction being the main cause of mortality.
Metabolic syndrome components: Obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension as plausible biomarkers for breast cancer risk in Yemeni women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sumaily Khalid M , Dahman Lotfi S Bin , Sabi Essa M , Mujamammi Ahmed H , Mugibel Muna A , Binashikhbubkr Noof K , Kaleem Waleed K , Badheeb Ahmed M , Al-Nakhbi Naela A , AlAfaleq Nouf O , Bahabara Jamal O
Published: May 2024

Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are all important factors associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (BC) among overweight and obese women. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the components of MetS and the risk of BC, as well as whether these components could serve as potential biomarkers for BC risk. Methods The study included a total of sixty-nine (69) Yemeni women diagnosed with BC, with an average age of 48.17 ± 11.0 years. These participants were recruited from the Hadhramout National Oncology Center in Yemen and took part in a cross-sectional study conducted from 1st March to 30th June 2021. Various measures related to metabolic syndrome were assessed, including measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WH ratio), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), and insulin. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined by calculating the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Relsults More than half of the participants were diagnosed with BC stage II (53%), while the remaining had stage III (22%) or stage IV (25%). The results indicated positive correlations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r = 0.284, p = 0.018), total cholesterol (r = 0.373, p = 0.002), and LDL-C (r = 0.331, p = 0.005) with obesity. Furthermore, overweight and obese patients had significantly higher SBP (OR = 1.058, 95%CI = 1.007–1.111, p = 0.025), total cholesterol (OR = 1.023, 95%CI = 1.007–1.039, p = 0.004), and LDL-C (OR = 1.023, 95%CI = 1.006–1.041, p = 0.009) compared to those with normal weight. Additionally, hypertensive patients had significantly higher BMI (OR = 1.078, 95%CI = 1.006–1.155, p = 0.033) and HbA1c (OR = 1.868, 95%CI = 1.100-3.171, p = 0.021) than normotensive patients. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated increasing trends between BMI, SBP, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and LDL-C among Yemeni women with BC, indicating that obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are closely associated with the development and progression of BC. Consequently, these results provide further evidence supporting the role of these components as potential biomarkers for an increased risk of BC.
A protocol and analysis of year-long simulations of global storm-resolving models and beyond
Authors: Takasuka Daisuke , Satoh Masaki , Miyakawa Tomoki , Kodama Chihiro , Klocke Daniel , Stevens Bjorn , Vidale Pier Luigi , Terai Christopher R.
Published: May 2024

We propose a protocol to evaluate and analyze year-long simulations of global storm-resolving models (GSRMs). The proposed protocol complements an earlier 40-day simulation protocol under the DYAMOND (DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains) project to allow the analysis of the seasonal cycle and associated climatic relevant phenomena. This intercomparison aims to reveal how GSRMs, which can simulate meso-scale convective systems (MCSs) in the global domain, reproduce atmospheric large-scale structures related to convection beyond month-long simulations. The intercomparison for one-year simulations is conducted either by atmosphere-only models or atmosphere-ocean coupled models with atmospheric horizontal mesh sizes less than 5 km. We recommend the continuous four seasons from March 2020 to February 2021 as a target period for the intercomparison but with options for many groups to join more flexibly. The output variables are collected at 0.25° resolution, and archives of a small set of native grid variables are encouraged to analyze tropical cyclones and MCSs. Through the proposed global storm-resolving simulation, we will evaluate the climatological distributions of the atmospheric large-scale circulations, such as Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), monsoon, and mid-latitude jets, and their time evolution. We present sample analyses from a one-year simulation using the 3.5-km mesh Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM), revealing the realistic zonal contrast of tropical precipitation, no double ITCZ structure, the reasonable mid-latitude jet position and intensity but a weak bias of storm track activities, and a warm bias over the Eurasia during boreal winter. The proposed one-year simulation protocol is not unique or definite for evaluating GSRMs; we prospect a hierarchical set of experiments from short-term to multi-year simulations as GSRM intercomparisons.
Determinação de biomassa de diferentes espécies de pinus na região de Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Urbano Edilson , Simplicio Vitor Hugo dos Santos , Cacau Filipe Valadão do Prado
Published: May 2024

No Brasil, as espécies de Pinus e Eucalyptus predominam como as principais essências florestais plantadas, sendo importantes fontes de matéria prima para diversos fins, como: painéis, celulose, serraria, siderurgia. Com isso, o projeto tem como objetivo determinar a biomassa de diferentes espécies do gênero Pinus, plantados em um experimento na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, unidade de Aquidauana- MS. Os dados para determinação da biomassa, foram obtidos por método destrutivo aplicado em 3 árvores de cada espécie de Pinus (P. oocarpa, P. caribaea, P. maximinoi e o Híbrido P. elliottii var. elliottii x P. caribaea var. hondurensis). Determinou-se o teor de umidade, o percentual de biomassa seca e o peso da biomassa seca para o total e para os compartimentos: fuste, cascas, galhos, acículas. Nas quatro espécies, a porção fuste apresentou os maiores teores de Umidade, com valor médio de 61,9% e coeficiente de variação médio de 6,36%. O resultado do percentual de biomassa seca mostra que as cascas obtiveram os maiores valores dentre os demais componentes, com média de 66,38% e coeficiente de variação médio de 10,04%. As determinações de peso da biomassa seca feitas, mostraram que a porção do fuste corresponde a mais de 55% da biomassa seca total presente nas espécies, logo, o fuste é a porção que apresenta os maiores valores de peso de biomassa seca, dentre os demais componentes analisados. Com base nos valores apresentados, a espécie P. Oocarpa foi a que aprestou maiores valores em acumulo de biomassa, com média de biomassa seca total de 30,18 Kg. Portanto, a espécie Oocarpa pode ser considerada como sendo a de maior potencial produtivo para a região.
Motor fault diagnosis based on composite multi-scale weighted reverse slope entropy and neighborhood preserving embedding
Authors: Li Shenlong , Zhang Jinbao , Li Yaoheng , Zhang Jinle , Zhu Bingxian
Published: May 2024

The motors are critical components of the electromechanical transmission in vehicles, and its operating status directly affects the maneuverability of vehicles. To quickly and accurately identify the operating status of motors, this paper proposes a new entropy - Composite Multi-scale Weighted Reverse Slope Entropy (CMWRSlE) for motor fault diagnosis, which is a more interpretable entropy due to its deep exploration of signals. Firstly, the composite multi-scale weighted reverse slope entropy values are extracted from the vibration signals of the motor in different states; Secondly, the extracted features are dimensionally reduced by the manifold learning algorithm – Neighbourhood Preserving Embedding (NPE) and classified by the hierarchical prototype-based approach (HPA) to achieve the fault diagnosis of the motor. Finally, the method proposed in this paper is validated through two sets of experimental data: motor rotor faults and motor bearing faults. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed method in motor fault diagnosis reaches 100 %, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Application of ultrasonic vibration in magnesium alloy lap welding
Authors: Tian Yuqin
Published: May 2024

In order to enhance the performance of magnesium alloy and galvanized steel welds, ultrasonic vibration was applied to the laser welding process, and the effect of ultrasonic on mechanical properties was verified through experimental methods. The laser welding system for the lap weld seam was designed, and the ultrasonic vibration module and image detection module were added, which can obtain the influence of ultrasonic vibration on the molten pool area. Under the conditions of ultrasonic vibration power of 1000 W and 0 W, the characteristics of the weld pool area, metallographic structure, tensile strength, fracture morphology, hardness, residual stress, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the weld specimen were compared. The image data acquisition structure indicated that ultrasonic vibration can effectively reduce the ineffective area of the molten pool and make the energy in the molten pool more concentrated. Under the influence of ultrasonic vibration, the maximum molten pool area decreased to 5.38 mm2, with a variation range of 3.9 %, and the proportion of pores was greatly reduced. Research found that ultrasonic vibration can significantly improve the microstructure characteristics of the fusion welding zone, with an average grain size reduced to 23 μm. The reduction of grain size and refinement of microstructure were beneficial to the improvement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloy joints, with a yield strength increase of 6.5 %. Ultrasonic vibration had little effect on the hardness of the heat affected zone, it can increase the average hardness of the weld zone by more than 5 % and reduce the maximum residual stress by more than 50 %. Under different pressure and friction speed conditions, the maximum wear amount can be reduced by more than 25 %. At the same time, the resistance to oxidation corrosion and electrochemical corrosion also can be improved to a certain extent.
Exploring the Impacts of Angelica purpurascens Extracts on Anticholinergic, Antidiabetic, Antibacterial Potential, and Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Topal Meryem , Topal Fevzi , Yılmaz Fırat
Published: May 2024

In Kars-Sarıkamış-Soğanlı, Angelica purpurascens (A. purpurascens) emerges as a promising natural antioxidant source. Extracts from its leaves, branches, and flowers underwent thorough bioanalytical assessments. The leaf extract exhibited the highest concentrations of herbal flavonoids (45.22 µg QE/mg extract) and total phenolics (28.96 µg GAE/mg extract). Branch extracts demonstrated significant enzymatic activity against AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 37.26 mg/mL and 9.08 mg/mL respectively. The flower extract displayed notable antibacterial properties. This study sheds light on the therapeutic potential of A. purpurascens ethanol extracts, suggesting benefits for Alzheimer’s, cell damage-induced diseases, and diabetes mellitus. It pioneers new enzymatic and antioxidant insights and contributes to understanding this abundant Türkiye species. A. purpurascens holds promise for pharmaceutical exploration, offering potential solutions for challenging health conditions
Russian Citizents’ Attitute Towards Private Property: Myths and Contradictions
Authors: Khodzha K.
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the attitude of Russian citizens to the institution of private property. The author estimates the level of confidence and respect of people to this institution, perception of their property right protection and risks connected with property management. The empiric base of the research was formed by findings of the sociological survey conducted in 2023 among 542 respondents of different age groups. The data provided an opportunity to identify common features in perceiving the institution of private property by Russian citizens, their expectation concerning this institution in the long run. The research findings refuted a number of stereotypes formed in society concerning perception of private property by people, who demonstrated rather high level of confidence to the institution of private property and its inviolability. At the same time the majority of respondents today follow the saving model aimed at long-term accumulation and increasing their assets to ensure sustainable standard of life in the future.
3′-Daidzein Sulfonate Sodium Protects against Glutamate-induced Neuronal
Injuries by Regulating NMDA Receptors
Authors: Feng Ruixue , Luo Li , Han Zun , Qi Yue , Xiao Hai , Huang Cheng , Peng Weijie , Liu Ruizhen , Huang Zhihua
Published: May 2024

Background:

It was previously found that 3'-Daidzein Sulfonate Sodium (DSS) exhibits protective
effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI).

Aim:

This study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects
of DSS against ischemic stroke.

Methods:

In this study, rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) were used as an in vivo
model, whereas PC12 cells treated with glutamate alone and rat primary cortical neurons treated with the combination
of glutamate and glycine were used as in vitro models. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
release were used to evaluate cell injury. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Quantitative polymerase
chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining methods were used to determine
the mRNA expressions and protein levels and location.

Results:

It was found that DSS significantly suppressed the impaired viability of PC12 cells induced by glutamate.
DSS also increased cell viability while reducing the LDH release and apoptosis in primary cortical neurons
injured by glutamate and glycine. In addition, DSS decreased GluN2B subunit expression while enhancing
the expressions of GluN2A subunit and PSD95 in tMCAO rats’ brains.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that DSS protects against excitotoxic damage in neurons induced by
CI/RI through regulating the expression of NMDA receptors and PSD95. Our findings provide experimental
evidence for the potential clinical administration of DSS in ischemic stroke.
Friedel Crafts Reactions Revisited: Some Applications in Heterogeneous Catalysis#
Authors: Lachter Elizabeth R. , San Gil Rosane A.S. , Valdivieso Luis G.
Published: May 2024

Important organic reactions require the use of catalysts. The Friedel-Crafts reactions
were discovered by Charles Friedel and James Mason Crafts in 1887. They are an
essential catalytic process since they are widely applied in different areas such as fuels,
cleaning, and pharmacological products. The reaction is usually carried out in the presence
of Lewis acids or Brønsted acids in a homogeneous medium, with the nucleophilic aromatic
substrate in excess. Although there is still work in the literature on the Friedel-
Crafts reaction in a homogeneous medium using metal halides, the tendency is to replace
these catalysts, which generate effluents that are harmful to the environment. Heterogeneous
catalysts using solid acids show advantages over homogeneous catalysts, especially
concerning separating products from the reaction medium, recycling, and reusing. This
paper presents a mini-review focusing on the use of solid acids in Friedel-Crafts reactions.
Light-responsive Polymers: Developments in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Aundhia Chintan , Parmar Ghanshyam , Talele Chitrali , kardani Sunil , Maheshwari Rajesh
Published: May 2024

Photoresponsive polymers have emerged as innovative tools in the domain of
drug delivery, presenting advanced solutions for controlled and targeted release of therapeutic
agents. This review explores recent advances in the design and application of photoresponsive
polymers, focusing on their pivotal role in light-triggered drug delivery systems. It
also encompasses organic synthesis methodologies, key advancements in polymer design,
and the integration of photoresponsive elements into drug carriers. Moreover, this review
also focuses on the applications, challenges, and future prospects, providing a comprehensive
overview of the evolving landscape of light-responsive drug delivery technologies. The
information about the synthesis presented herein aims to contribute to the understanding
and advancement of this dynamic field, offering insights for researchers and practitioners
engaged in the development of next-generation drug delivery systems.
The Synthesis of Trans-enediones from Furan Derivatives using Pyridinium
Chlorochromate: An Explanation
Authors: D’Auria Maurizio , Langerame Fausto
Published: May 2024

:

The reaction of pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) with furan derivatives gives
the corresponding enediones. However, the reaction of pyridinium chlorochromate with
furan to give enedione derivatives cannot be performed by using commercial PCC. XRD
and XPS analysis of the reagents coupled with DFT calculations can allow us to explain this
different behavior. Homemade and commercial PCC have different colors and show some
differences in the XRD spectrum. XPS shows the presence of a relevant amount of Cr(III) in
the homemade reagent. DFT calculations demonstrate that Cr(III) impurities in the reagent
could catalyze the reaction with furan derivatives if an oxygen atom in the Cr(III) derivative
attacks the furan ring while it is reoxidized by PCC through the migration of a chlorine
atom.
Comprehensive Analysis of Chemical Ingredients of Waiganfengsha Granule and Absorbed Components in Rat Plasma Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS
Authors: Wei Wei , Huang Liyuan , Huang Jun , Li Jinhua , Qing Yingying , Hou Xiaotao , Liu Wen
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Waiganfengsha Granule, an over-the-counter drug, is commonly used for treating windheat
cold and sore throat in clinical settings. However, its material basis of medicinal efficacy is still unclear.
In this study, an efficient integrated analytical strategy was established for its chemical and metabolite profiles
study.

Methods:

Firstly, to avoid the possible false-positive results of structural elucidation, an in-house component
library that contains chemical constituents reported in the literature from the six individual medicines of Waiganfengsha
Granule was established. Secondary, mass data post-processing techniques, including precursor
ion list and neutral loss filtering, were applied to enhance the identification accuracy. Thirdly, for the rapid
characterization of those absorbed components after oral administration in rats, the identified chemical constituents
were used as candidate components for the serum analysis. By comparing the retention time and analyzing
mass data, the metabolites in rat plasma were identified.

Results:

As a result, 57 chemical ingredients were identified, including 21 phenolic acids, 9 alkaloids, 2
flavonoids, 5 lignins, 13 saponins, and 7 other compounds. Among these, 12 compounds were unambiguously
identified by comparison with reference standards, and 45 were tentatively characterized by analyzing their accurate
MS data, MS/MS fragmentation patterns, and also by comparison with those data reported in the literature.
Additionally, 46 metabolites were detected and identified in rat plasma.

Conclusion:

This study is beneficial for understanding the chemical composition and metabolic profiles of
Waiganfengsha Granule, and the results obtained might provide a solid basis for further studies on its functional
mechanism
Characterization of Green Synthesized Nanoparticles with Anti-diabetic Properties. A Systematic Review
Authors: Loyola-Leyva Alejandra , Hernandez-Vidales Karen , Ruiz-Garcia Jaime , Loyola-Rodriguez Juan Pablo
Published: May 2024

Background:

Plants are used in medicine because they are low-cost, widely available,
and have few side effects (compared to pharmacological treatment). Plants have phytocompounds
with antidiabetic properties that can be delivered using nanoparticles (NPs).

Objective:

To describe the antidiabetic properties of green synthesized NPs (GSNPs) and their
characterization methods.

Methods:

Three databases were searched using the terms “type 2 diabetes mellitus,” “antidiabetic
effects,” “phytochemicals,” “plants,” and “nanoparticles.” Studies describing the antidiabetic
effects (in vitro or animal models) of NPs synthesized by plant extracts and characterizing them
through UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DLS were included.

Results:

16 studies were included. In vitro studies reported enzyme inhibition values between
11% (H. polyrhizus) and 100% (A. concinna) for alfa-amylase and between 41.1% (M. zapota)
and 100% (A. concinna) for alfa-glucosidase. Animal studies with Wistar Albino rats having diabetes
(induced by alloxan or streptozotocin) reported improved blood glucose, triglycerides, total
cholesterol, LDL, and HDL after treatment with GSNPs. Regarding characterization, NP sizes
were measured with DLS (25-181.5 nm), SEM (52.1-91 nm), and TEM (8.7-40.6 nm). The surface
charge was analyzed with zeta potential (-30.7 to -2.9 mV). UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed
to confirm the formations of AgNPs (360-460 nm), AuNPs (524-540 nm), and ZnONPs
(300-400 nm), and FTIR was used to identify plant extract functional groups.

Conclusions:

GSNP characterization (shape, size, zeta potential, and others) is essential to know
the viability and stability, which are important to achieve health benefits for biomedical applications.
Studies reported good enzyme inhibition percentages in in vitro studies, decreasing blood
glucose levels and improving lipid profiles in animal models with diabetes. However, these studies
had limitations in the methodology and potential risk of bias, so results need careful interpretation.
Utilizing Optimized Machine Learning Techniques to Predict the Compressive Strength of Concrete through Non-Destructive Testing Methodologies
Authors: Achra Swati , Nagar Ravindra , Gupta Rajesh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Examining the concrete quality in its original location and optimizing machine
learning models for precise forecasting of concrete compressive strength(fc) is crucial. Current
research advocates the fine tuning of hyperparameters within machine learning methodologies in
tandem with non-destructive testing techniques to forecast the compressive strength of concrete.

Objective:

This study aimsto incorporate age as a crucial factor by utilizing data spanning from 3
days to 365 days. This approach enhances the study’s applicability for real-time forecasting purposes.

Methods:

In the methodology of this current research, three machine learning (ML) models—
specifically, Multi-Linear Regression (MLR), Decision Tree Regressor (DTR), and Random Forest
Regressor (RFR)—are introduced within the context of age as a significant factor influencing measurements
obtained from the Rebound Hammer (RN) and Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity (UPV). These
ML models were sequentially applied, followed by a meticulous process of hyperparameter finetuning
conducted through grid search Cross-Validation (CV). To gain insights into the predictive
results, the study also employed SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for interpretation purposes.

Results:

The results of this study reveal the development of an empirical relationship using Multi-
Linear Regression, which yielded an R2 value of 0.88. Furthermore, the evaluation showed that Random
Forest Regression outperformed other models with an R2 value of 0.95 in the training and 0.92
in the testing datasets. These models hold promise for facilitating decisions about qualitative analyses
based on UPV and Rebound Hammer measurements relative to the age of the concrete. Rigorous
validation of the models was conducted through standard cross-validation techniques.

Conclusion:

The research has created and validated hyper tunned machine learning models with the
help of grid search cross-validation function, with Random Forest Regression being the most effective.
These models can potentially guide decisions regarding qualitative analyses using UPV and
Rebound Hammer measurements concerning concrete age. They provide a valuable tool for on-site
assessments in construction and structural evaluations. The primary objective of the research is to
introduce age as a significant feature. To achieve this, data ranging from 3 days to 365 days was
integrated. This inclusion aims to enhance real-time decision-making in construction processes, facilitating
actions like the prompt removal of formwork in high-speed construction projects.