bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A simple and convenient method for determination of entrance into dormancy in woody plants
Authors: Sønsteby Anita , Woznicki Tomasz L. , Heide Ola M.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Bud dormancy is a quantitative condition that is gradually acquired and lost. Better and more convenient methods for assessment of the time of dormancy entrance of woody plants are highly needed. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a simple and convenient method for determination of dormancy in woody plants. METHODS: We employed a seasonal series of soft tipping of vigorously growing annual shoots and used the loss of ability of subtending lateral buds to break and grow as a measure of entrance into dormancy. RESULTS: There was a gradual decline in the ability of the buds to burst and grow during the month of July and early August, culminating with a complete loss of this ability. This coincided with the known time of growth cessation and dormancy induction in shoots of intact plants and occurred in the berry shrubs raspberry and black currant and the forest tree silver birch. CONCLUSIONS: The decline and loss of ability of the buds to grow during late summer is a direct expression of the entrance of buds into the state of endodormancy, rendering the tipping method a simple and convenient method for precise determination of the time of entrance into dormancy in woody plants.
Amniotic fluid index curves in the obese gravida
Authors: Chishom T. , Stephens A. , Raley S. , Ange B. , Looney S. , Street L. , Browne P.
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether amniotic fluid volume as measured by amniotic fluid index (AFI) is influenced by maternal pre-gestational obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI).

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women between 20 and 43 weeks gestation receiving ultrasounds with AFI measurements at Augusta University Medical Center between 2003 and 2017. A subset of 500 charts that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed to obtain maternal clinical data. The study cohort was subdivided by maternal BMI at initial obstetric visit into three groups: normal weight (18.5 kg/m2–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0 kg/m2–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 30 kg/m2). Chi-square analysis was used to compare BMI groups in terms of categorical clinical characteristics and outcome variables, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for continuous variables. Mixed effects regression models (MRMs) were used to evaluate AFI throughout gestation separately in each group, and MRM-based analysis of covariance was used to compare AFI throughout gestation among groups. AFI curves were constructed for the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles for all study subjects combined and separately for normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects.

RESULTS:

Fitted curves relating AFI percentiles to estimated gestational age (EGA) showed statistically significant differences among BMI groups. There was also a significant difference in AFI over gestation across the obesity groups.

CONCLUSION:

Fitted curves for AFI throughout pregnancy showed statistically significant differences among BMI groups.
Development of a novel massage platform for medical training
Authors: Wang Chunbao , Sun Zhengdi , Long Jianjun , Wei Jianjun , Chen Xiaojiao , Liu Quanquan , Shen Yajin , Shang Wanfeng , Wang Yulong , Duan Lihong , Wu Zhengzhi
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) massage has a better effect on treating infant diarrhea compared to medical treatment. The TCM doctors need to be trained to master professional massage techniques. Traditional Chinese massage training relies on the students’ understanding ability, and cannot accurately record the students’ operating information. This situation leads to insufficient clinical massage skills of the students.

OBJECTIVE:

This paper proposes a novel massage training platform to quantitatively perceive the massage techniques of students.

METHODS:

The paper proposed two types of flexible array sensors, which are arranged and placed into the bionic baby according to the position of the human acupoints. The massage techniques of the training object can be analyzed and evaluated during the massage process by studying the voltage from pressure sensors when the participants massage the bionic infant.

RESULTS:

A medical student was invited to conduct the massage training experiment, and the massage information included the operating strength, massage frequency and the massage direction, which were recorded and analyzed through the training platform.

CONCLUSION:

The platform can perceive the parameters related to the massage technique of students and can be used for medical training.
Artwork
Authors: Klein Sarah
Published: April 2020

I am a recreational artist from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. My participation in art classes predates my teenage years and has had a great influence on my growth as an artist. I enjoy a wide variety of fine art disciplines and mediums, including film/digital photography, printmaking, drawing, chalk pastels, acrylic painting, pottery & sculpture. I continue to create works of art and display them on Instagram and on my art website.

My work “Express Yourself” is a monotype screen print. This involves painting on a screen and transferring the image through the screen onto paper to create a one-of-a-kind print. I enjoy the freedom that this method of printmaking provides. The colours and the loose impressionistic style of this work were inspired by my favourite artist -- Claude Monet.
Photovoltaics with Emphasis on CdTe Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Bosio Alessio
Published: April 2020

A brief overview of the main photovoltaic technologies is chronologically presented. Single-crystal and multi-crystalline, epitaxial and thin film inorganic materials are widely used as absorbers in high efficiency solar cells and modules. A schematic representation of the principal devices developed in more then 70 years of research will be displayed and commented. Among thin-film technology, cadmium telluride (CdTe) has achieved a truly impressive development that can commercially compete with silicon, which is still the king of the market. Solar cells made on a laboratory scale have reached efficiencies close to 22%, while modules made with fully automated in-line machines show efficiencies above 18%. Based on the research developed in our laboratory, the fabrication processes of both CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cells and photovoltaic modules are critically discussed. The most common substrates, the constituent layers and their interaction, the interfaces and the different “tricks” commonly used for obtaining highly efficient devices will be analyzed. A realistic industrial production process will be analytically described.
Hizmetkar Liderlik Algısının İş Stresine Etkisi: Sivil Havayolu Taşımacılığı Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÇİÇEK Berat
Published: April 2020

Stres, bireyler ve organizasyonlar için yönetilmesi gereken aksi taktirde fiziksel ve ruhsal sorunlara yok açabilecek bir unsurdur. Bu çalışmada, yer hizmetleri çalışanlarının yöneticilerine karşı hizmetkar liderlik algısının iş streslerine olan etkisinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda İstanbul Havalimanında görevli 138 uçak bakım teknisyeni ile bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler öncelikle geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Daha sonra hizmetkar liderlik algısının iş stresi üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymak için çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizlere göre hizmetkar liderliğin iş stresini azaltıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Hizmetkar liderliğin iş stresi üzerindeki etkisini inceleyen çalışmanın azlığı nedeniyle çalışmanın literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmaya yardımcı olması beklenmektedir. Ayrıca sivil havayolu taşımacılığı açısından benzer çalışmaya rastlanılmamış olması çalışmanın özgün yönüdür.
ФІНАНСОВА СТРАТЕГІЯ СТРАХОВОЇ КОМПАНІЇ В УМОВАХ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЗАКОНОДАВЧИХ ЗМІН РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ УЧАСНИКІВ ФІНАНСОВОГО РИНКУ
Authors: Soboleva-Terschenko Olena , Bronitska Kateryna
Published: April 2020

В рамках статті досліджуються зміст і основні проблеми формування, реалізації та управління фінансовою стратегією страхової компанії, фінансового стратегічного планування. Позначається місце фінансової стратегії в загальній системі фінансового планування та прогнозування. Розроблено етапи впровадження фінансових стратегій страховими компаніями на основі існуючих розробок для інших суб’єктів господарювання, розкрито сутність та послідовність здійснення кожного з етапів застосування страховою компанією фінансової стратегії. Проведено аналіз адекватності  розроблених етапів фінансової стратегії страхових компаній існуючим екзогенним та ендогенним факторам та обґрунтовано застосування саме розроблених стратегічних етапів. Проведено аналіз законодавчих змін стосовно регулювання діяльності учасників небанківського фінансового ринку та встановлені вірогідні результати вказаних змін. Встановлено позитивні та негативні наслідки запровадження змін законодавства стосовно «СПЛІТУ». Виявлено зміну факторів, які впливають на процес здійснення суб'єктами небанківського фінансового ринку своєї діяльності та здійснено її аналіз на основі існуючих статистичних даних. На основі аналізу літературних джерел та існуючого досвіду діяльності страхових компаній досліджено вплив запровадження Закону про «СПЛІТ» на фінансову стратегію страхової компанії. Дається оцінка перспектив та ефективності впровадження заходів щодо змін умов регулювання страхових компаній як учасників небанківського фінансового ринку. Проаналізовано зміну чинників, що впливають на провадження страховою компанією фінансової стратегії у зв’язку з запровадженням закону про «СПЛІТ» та здійснено передбачення майбутньої результативності здійснення страховими компаніями своєї фінансової стратегії в умовах практичного запровадження Закону про "СПЛІТ".
Family business in tourism characteristics
Authors: Bujan Ivana
Published: April 2020

Tourism and
family entrepreneurship make a significant contribution to the Croatian economy,
therefore it is important to define characteristics and business operations of
family business in tourism. This paper examines characteristics of small family businesses in tourism from the
perspective of owners of small family hotels in Croatia. In this qualitative
study, interview was employed as a primary research instrument and the scientific
method used is based on gestalt principles. GABEK©, a specific method of
qualitative research and text analysis was used. The paper portrays the aspects
of chosen business characteristics of small families in tourism - motivation of
owners when setting up a business, success of small family business, financing,
business issues, business facilitation and innovativeness. For each business
aspect gestalten tree was formed with owner`s aggregated statements and finally
the gestalten tree containing all chosen business aspects has been formed.
Motives are, as presumed, family oriented and tending to preserve the family
vision in the future. Qualitative, non-financial success measures are more
important than financial measures. Business is usually financed from own funds
and by combining bank loans, while business issues imply too high tax rates.
Innovativeness levels are low which relates to low education levels.
Originality of the research can be found in the fact that no similar study was
conducted for Croatia nor as GABEK© method was used for qualitative data
analysis. The research contributes to the scarce scientific research corpus in
the field of family business in tourism. Practical implications presuppose
education suggestions for family members in family firms - business
facilitation suggestions and detected business issues.
Screening of endophytic microorganisms from sweetpotato for the production of antimicrobial compounds
Authors: Tan Julie , Sanchez Edmundo , Tanaka Michiko , Katayama Taiki , Asano Kozo , Tomita Fusao
Published: April 2020

This study was an attempt to isolate endophytic microorganism with antimicorbial properties from sweetpotato that are grown in the Philippines. Endophytic microorganims were isolated from surface-sterilized stem cuttings of selected Philipine sweetpotato varieties such as BSP-SP-17, BSP-SP-22, and NSIC-SP-25. The isolates were purified and tested for antimicrobial activities using spot and streak inoculation methods against Lasiodiplodia theobromae (sweetpotato rot-causing mold), Colletotrichum gloesporoides (yam anthracnose-causing mold)
THE DIRECTING ANIMATION FILM ENTITLED SI JOE
Authors: Wiguna Satria Veriansyah , Sugihartono Ranang Agung
Published: April 2020

The re-introduction of the Nusantara folklore is very important because it is a form of the original culture of the archipelago and a national identity. An animated film work that tells the story of a parody about Timun Mas folklore is expected to be able to reintroduce a folklore from Central Java by adding novelty to the portrayal of the characters and stories. The making of this work aims to create a 2.5D animated film with the theme of folklore with new packaging. The artistic creation doing by the director is to combine and move 2D animation in a 3D space perspective, so that 2.5D animation is created. 2.5D animation was created using a virtual camera so that it produces better image movement than an ordinary 2D animation. This animation work that explores the folklore of the archipelago shows success in aspects of the uniqueness and impression in the visualization and novelty of the story. This animated film can bring back the old story so it is enjoyable to watch by millennial audiences.
Comparison of efficacy of Ledermix and Calcium hydroxide in the management of deep caries
Authors: Karim Fahd AA , Sultana Asma , Shiekh Hanann , Iqbal Md Ashif , Shrestha Puja , Rahman Md Toufiqur , Pia Tarannum Tasnim
Published: April 2020

Background:Pulp capping is a treatment that enables pulp to recover and maintain its vitality and function by applying a protective agent to an exposed pulp. Ca (OH)2 has been considered the gold standard for this procedure. Despite its wide use, Ca (OH)2 is not ideally suited for pulp capping. Recently ledermix cement used for indirect pulp capping material in the outer world broadly.

Objective: To assess the clinical and radiological evidence of the formation of secondary dentin and compare the degree of short time post operating pain after indirect pulp treatment.

Methods: A Randomized control trial in vivo study was directed in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University for one year (January 2012-January 2013). We took the patients with 40 deep carious permanent teeth as a sample. The selected teeth were divided into two test groups. All odd number teeth (20) were included in group-1(where pulp capping was done with ledermix cement). All even number teeth (20) were included in group-2(where pulp capping was done with Ca(OH)2). We assessed all the patients clinically and radiographically at the interval of 3, 6, and 12 months simultaneously for the assessment of dentinal bridge formation and also collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 17.

Results: Among the full scale 40 models, ledermix (20) and Ca(OH)2(20), minor to direct irritaion of the teeth was experienced premium to treatment and found comparable in the two gatherings. Regardless, after 24 hrs of treatment, this value was shockingly higher in the Ca(OH)2 (p<0.01)group than in the Ledermix gathering (p < 0.001, t-test). Following 7 days, there was no basic differentiation between them. Follow up evaluation revealed, failure of 3 teeth treated with Ca(OH)2 and 2 teeth treated with ledermix due to pain and swelling. The remaining 35 teeth radiated an impression of being clinically and radiologically successful a year postoperatively.

Conclusion: No post-operative pain was experienced in both groups in the long term. However, within the first hours after cementation, there was a sensation of pain significantly higher in the Ca(OH)2 group than in the Ledermix group. Ledermix can be considered a predictable treatment and may be an alternative to calcium hydroxide in indirect pulp capping.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2020; 10 (1): 6-12
Comparative evaluation of anti inflammatory effect of bromelain-trypsin combination versus diclofenac sodium after surgical removal of mandibular third molar teeth
Authors: Islam ASM Ariful , Rahman Mohammad Asifur , Hossain Shakhawat , Rahman Quazi Billur
Published: April 2020

Aim: The focus of the education was to assess the success between localanesthetic infiltration injection and inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia in extraction of Chronic periodontitis mandibular posterior teeth.

Methods: 100 patients aged between 13 and 73 years who attended the Department of Dental surgery, BIRDEM General Hospital for extraction of advance periodontitis of mandibular molars were included in this study. For the infiltration anesthetic technique, patient’s approval was taken. The patients were equally divided into two groups. Group (1) received 0.6 ml out of 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 adrenaline injection bucally and the same amount infiltration lingually opposite the intended tooth. Group (2) received 1.5 ml out of 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 and the remaining 0.3 ml was injected for long buccal nerve anesthesia.

Results: In this Study we found 88% patients were pain free and Group-2 94% patients were pain free During extraction of Advance periodontitis of mandibular molars. P-value was 0.138 and it was not < 0.05. So it was not significant. On the other side 103 patients out of 113 were pain free in male and 79 patients out of 87 were pain free in female and 6 patients out of 87 were feeling pain during tooth extraction of advance periodontitis of mandibular molars. P-value was 0.138 and it was not < 0.05. So it was not significant.

Conclusion: Infiltration anesthesia for non-vital mandibular molars is effective as a substitute for inferior alveolar block technique.

Update Dent. Coll. j: 2020; 10 (1): 16-20
A Design Insight for Substitution of Metal Shims with Reverse Engineered Element in Tool Post for Alignment of Tool-Work Center
Authors: Surabhi Lata  , Hitesh
Published: April 2020

This research work propounds and analyses the comparison of solution to the issue of height adjustment of tool in four way tool post. The customary way of tool lifting in tool post to centre of work i.e. by adding/removing metal packing, is altered by introducing a design alternative for tool lifting, an upgradation in the former proposed design named solid double cone threaded pin (SDCTP). It is explicitly studied to investigate its limitation and scope for further design amendments. In the premise, a revised design is proposed including modifications named as solid cone threaded pin (SCTP) and is fabricated along with its assembly. Mathematical calculations of least count and screw thread analysis are performed on both the pins. Finite element analysis on CREO is executed to calculate stresses induced for diverse loads to analyze pin failure conditions. The results of new modified design is compared with the erstwhile concluding that SCTP design is preferable over SDCTP design entailing precise tool adjustment, saving time and higher efficiency in machining operations. The paper subsequently explores conventional tool lifting method and its shortfall, shortcomings of former design, revised design and its comparison, fabrication of revised design, conclusions and future ambit.
Viral infection of prokaryotic plankton during early formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water
Authors: Weinbauer MG , Griebler C , van Aken HM , Herndl GJ
Published: April 2020

Viral abundance was assessed in different water masses of the NW Atlantic, and the development of viral abundance, lytic viral infection and lysogeny was followed for the first ca. 5000 km (corresponding to ca. 50 yr in the oceanic conveyor belt) of the western branch of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Viral abundance was significantly higher in the 100 m layer than in the NADW (2400-2700 m depth) and the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (2400-3600 m depth). The virus-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR) increased with depth, ranging from 32-43 for different water masses of the bathypelagic ocean, thus corroborating the enigma of high viral abundance in the dark ocean. The O2-minimum layer (250-600 m) also showed high viral abundance and VPRs. Viral abundance, a viral subgroup and VPRs decreased in a non-linear form with distance from the NADW origin. Viral production (range: 0.2-2.4 × 107 viruses l-1) and the fraction of lytically infected cells (range: 1-22%) decreased with increasing distance from the formation site of the NADW. Conservative estimations of virus-mediated mortality of prokaryotes in the NADW averaged 20 ± 12%. The fraction of the prokaryotic community with lysogens (i.e. harboring a functional viral DNA) in the NADW averaged 21 ± 14%. Hence, we conclude that (1) viral abundance and subgroups differ between water masses, (2) virus-mediated mortality of prokaryotes as well as lysogeny are significant in the dark ocean and (3) the lysogenic life strategy became more important than the lytic life style during the early formation of the NADW.
Assessing behavioural traits of benthic foraminifera: implications for sediment mixing
Authors: Deldicq N , Seuront L , Langlet D , Bouchet VMP
Published: April 2020

The assessment of behavioural traits of marine organisms is increasingly recognized as a key issue to understanding their role in ecosystem processes such as bioturbation and nutrient cycling. The movement ability of intertidal foraminifera suggest that they may have a role, yet to be quantified, in benthic-pelagic coupling through their movement on the sediment surface, at the sediment-water interface and within the sediment. In this context, we investigated the behavioural traits of 5 benthic foraminiferal species typical of European temperate mudflats under standardized trophic light and temperature conditions. Behavioural traits related to motion ofAmmonia tepida, Haynesina germanica, Cribroelphidium williamsoni, Miliammina fuscaandQuinqueloculina seminulawere assessed through their travelled distance, velocity, tortuosity of the path, position in the sediment and activity index. By analogy with macrofauna bioturbation functional groups, we describe the studied foraminifera as biodiffusor species with 3 sub-groups defined according to their vertical position in the sediment.C. williamsonibelongs to the epifaunal-biodiffusors,A. tepidaandH. germanicabelong to the surficial-biodiffusors, andQ. seminulaandM. fuscaare considered gallery-biodiffusors. Our results further suggest that features such as velocity, activity and tortuosity may mediate sediment-mixing intensity. Therefore,Q. seminula,H. germanicaandC. williamsoni, which are the most active species, would have a larger effect on particle reworking rates than the less activeA. tepidaandM. fusca. Our results suggest that benthic foraminifera may play an underestimated role in bioturbation processes.
Steroid Hormones and Homocysteine in the Outcome of Patients With Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: SOSVOROVA L. , MOHAPL M. , HILL M. , STARKA L. , BICIKOVA M. , VITKU J. , KANCEVA R. , BESTAK J. , HAMPL R.
Published: April 2020

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is one of a few treatable conditions of cognitive decline affecting predominately elderly people. Treatment, commonly based on the ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion, leads to a partial or complete correction of patient's state, although its effect does not unfortunately always last. The aim of our study was to observe the changes of homocysteine and selected steroids and neurosteroids and follow-up the patients with respect to the duration of the NPH-related dementia improvement. The cerebrospinal fluid and plasma levels of cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 7α-hydroxy-DHEA, 7β-hydroxy-DHEA, 7-oxo-DHEA, 16α-hydroxy-DHEA (all LC-MS/MS), DHEA-sulphate (DHEAS) (radioimmunoassay) and homocysteine (gas chromatography) were determined in NPH-diagnosed subjects before, during and 6, 12 and 24 months after shunt insertion. The cognitive functions ameliorated after shunt insertion and remain improved within 2 years. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid DHEAS, DHEA and its ratio, cortisone/cortisol and 16α-hydroxy-DHEA and plasma DHEAS, 7β-hydroxy-DHEA, cortisone/cortisol and homocysteine were found. Mentioned changes may contribute to the clarification of NPH pathogenesis. Altered neurosteroids levels are possible indicators to be utilized in the follow-up of NPH subjects. Moreover, plasma homocysteine may serve as an early indicator of NPH-related dementia.
Steroid Hormones Related to 11β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Treated Obesity
Authors: MÁČOVÁ L. , SOSVOROVÁ L. , VÍTKŮ J. , BIČÍKOVÁ M. , HILL M. , ZAMRAZILOVÁ H. , SEDLÁČKOVÁ B. , STÁRKA L.
Published: April 2020

The local concentration of glucocorticoids is intensively regulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD 1). Human 11β-HSD 1 also reversibly catalyzes the inter-conversion of 7α-hydroxy- and 7β-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into 7-oxo-DHEA. The cohort of 282 obese adolescents, 154 girls (median age 15.31 years, range 14.17-16.68 years) and 128 boys (median age 14.95 years, range 13.87-16.16 years), BMI (Body Mass Index) >90th percentile was examined. In samples collected before and after one month of reductive diet therapy, circulating levels of steroids were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and radioimmunoassay methods. The model of the treatment efficacy prediction was calculated. A significant reduction in circulating levels of cortisone, E2 and increased levels of 7β-hydroxy-DHEA after the reductive treatment was observed. Levels of cortisol, DHEA, DHT sustained without any significant change. The predictive Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures (OPLS) model explained 20.1 % of variability of BMI, z-score change by the basal levels of 7α-hydroxy-DHEA, DHEA, cortisol and E2 as the strongest predictors. Reduced levels of circulating cortisone and reduced ratios of oxygenated/reduced metabolites reflect increased reductase activity of 11β-HSD 1 with reduced BMI, z-score. We hypothesize whether these changes can be attributed to the altered activity of 11β-HSD 1 in the liver.
Vitamin D in Anxiety and Affective Disorders
Authors: BIČÍKOVÁ M. , DUŠKOVÁ M. , VÍTKŮ J. , KALVACHOVÁ B. , ŘÍPOVÁ D. , MOHR P. , STÁRKA L.
Published: April 2020

Reduced levels of vitamin or its metabolites have been reported in various psychiatric disorders. Insufficient levels of vitamin D in depressive patients have been confirmed by many authors, but there have been conflicting results in subjects with anxiety disorders. In the present cross-sectional study, levels of calcidiol were determined in groups of depressive men and women and in men and women with anxiety disorders and compared with age matched controls. Significantly lower levels of calcidiol were found in men and women with depression as well as in age matched patients with anxiety disorders.
Vitamin D and Thyroid Diseases
Authors: VONDRA K. , STÁRKA L. , HAMPL R.
Published: April 2020

In this review we summarize recent opinions on the possible role of vitamin D in the risk of thyroid diseases development. It may be concluded from the available data that vitamin D deficiency, particularly levels below 12.5 ng/ml should be considered as an additional, but important risk factor for development of thyroid autoimmunity, both chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves´ disease. A higher risk of Graves´ disease development is also associated with several polymorphisms in the gene encoding for vitamin D binding protein and for the specific receptor of active form of vitamin D – 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the respective target cells. Important for development of thyroid cancer appeared polymorphisms of genes encoding for vitamin D receptors and of genes encoding for the participating hydroxylating enzymes in thyroid tissue, leading to a diminished local 1,25-(OH)2D3 formation capacity with following alteration of antiproliferatory, antiapoptotic and prodifferentiating efficacy of the latter. Whether supplementation with high doses of vitamin D or its analogues possesses preventive or therapeutic effect is an object of intensive studies.
How Hormones Influence Composition and Physiological Function of the Brain-Blood Barrier
Authors: HAMPL R. , BIČÍKOVÁ M. , SOSVOROVÁ L.
Published: April 2020

Hormones exert many actions in the brain. Their access and effects in the brain are regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Hormones as other substances may enter the brain and vice versa either by paracellular way requiring breaching tight junctions stitching the endothelial cells composing the BBB, or by passage through the cells (transcellular way). Hormones influence both ways through their receptors, both membrane and intracellular, present on/in the BBB. In the review the main examples are outlined how hormones influence the expression and function of proteins forming the tight junctions, as well as how they regulate expression and function of major protein transporters mediating transport of various substances including hormone themselves.
Levels of Adipokines and Some Steroids During the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: ŠRÁMKOVÁ M. , DUŠKOVÁ M. , VÍTKŮ J. , VČELÁK J. , MATUCHA P. , BRADNOVÁ O. , DE CORDEIRO J. , STÁRKA L.
Published: April 2020

The cyclical effects of hormones during the menstrual cycle (MC) are not just responsible for driving ovulation, but also have significant influence on dietary intake and appetite, as well as psychological and behavioral changes. The aim of our study was to describe changes and relationships between the MC and selected steroids, adipokines and food intake-related hormones. Twenty-seven women with regular menstrual cycles were included in the study, and their hormonal spectrum was measured in regular intervals starting from the first day of their cycle. Classical changes in gonadotropins, estrogens and progesterone during the menstrual cycle are accompanied by less striking but significant changes in 17-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone. No significant changes show dehydroepiandrosterone and its 7-oxygenated metabolites. Adipokines show a tendency to increase during ovulation, while ghrelin and resistin decrease. There is also a remarkable association of sex hormone-binding globulin on the day of the cycle. Our results demonstrate that changes to adipokines during the menstrual cycle are not substantial, but nonetheless can play a role in the changes of food intake described in the literature. Precise descriptions of physiological changes in healthy women are important in helping us understand the significance of the changes accompanying various pathological states.
Development of the tape pH indicator acid-basic from açai pulp extract
Authors: Correia Leandro Marques , Da Costa Rilder Tebias Toledo , Da Silva Arlesson Pereira , De Aviz Emanoel Oliveira , De Araújo Josiney Farias , De Freitas Manolo Cleiton Costa
Published: April 2020

Euterpe oleracea Mart. known as acai, it is a palm of bacaceous fruit, distributed throughout Brazil in states such as Amazonas, Pará, Maranhão, Rondônia and Tocantins. The objective of this work was to produce an acid-base indicator strip from the hydroalcoholic extract of the pulp of Euterpe oleracea Mart. to determine acidity by colorimetric method, also seeking to develop in a simple, fast and low cost, being an alternative way to be used in teaching Chemistry in experimental practical classes with the subject covered in Inorganic Functions in Teaching: Elementary, Middle and Higher. The methodology used was carried out in stages: (i) obtaining the acai pulp from the fruits of the açaizeiro, (ii) obtaining the extract from the pulp of Euterpe oleracea Mart., (iii) building a pH scale (0- 14), (iv) obtaining a pH paper from the hydroalcoholic extract, (v) identification of acidic and basic substances in everyday use with both the extract and the pH indicator paper, (vi) determining the acetic acid content in commercial vinegars, and (vii) a comparison of the results obtained from% acetic acid, both with the synthetic indicator (phenolphthalein) and with the natural indicator. Through the tests with the tape and with the pulp extract of Euterpe oleracea Mart. satisfactory results were obtained. Thus, the pH tape and the Euterpe oleracea Mart. pulp extract identified the acidic, basic and neutral substances of everyday life, showing an alternative for teaching with practical experimental chemistry classes, being financially viable, and exploring an application of Euterpe oleracea Mart. pulp. as forest treasure for future industrial applications, such as the production of a pH indicator strip.
Performance Assessment of Predictive Control—A Survey
Authors: Domański Paweł D.
Published: April 2020

Model Predictive Control constitutes an important element of any modern control system. There is growing interest in this technology. More and more advanced predictive structures have been implemented. The first applications were in chemical engineering, and now Model Predictive Control can be found in almost all kinds of applications, from the process industry to embedded control systems or for autonomous objects. Currently, each implementation of a control system requires strict financial justification. Application engineers need tools to measure and quantify the quality of the control and the potential for improvement that may be achieved by retrofitting control systems. Furthermore, a successful implementation of predictive control must conform to prior estimations not only during commissioning, but also during regular daily operations. The system must sustain the quality of control performance. The assessment of Model Predictive Control requires a suitable, often specific, methodology and comparative indicators. These demands establish the rationale of this survey. Therefore, the paper collects and summarizes control performance assessment methods specifically designed for and utilized in predictive control. These observations present the picture of the assessment technology. Further generalization leads to the formulation of a control assessment procedure to support control application engineers.
Numerical Simulation of Non-Linear Models of Reaction—Diffusion for a DGT Sensor
Authors: Averós Joan Cecilia , Llorens Jaume Puy , Uribe-Kaffure Ramiro
Published: April 2020

In this work, we present a novel strategy for the numerical solution of a coupled system of partial differential equations that describe reaction–diffusion processes of a mixture of metals and ligands that can be absorbed by a sensor or a microorganism, in an aqueous medium. The novelty introduced in this work consisted of an adequate database management in conjunction with a direct iterative schema, which allowed the construction of simple, fast and efficient algorithms. Except in really adverse conditions, the calculation is converging and satisfactory solutions were reached. Computing times showed to be better than those obtained with some commercial programs. Although we concentrate on the solution for a particular system (Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films [DGT] sensors), the proposed algorithm does not require major modifications to consider new theoretical or experimental configurations. Since the quality of numerical simulations of reaction–diffusion problems often faces some drawbacks as the values of reaction rate constants increase, some additional effort has been invested in obtaining proper solutions in those cases.
Trajectory Optimization and Analytic Solutions for High-Speed Dynamic Soaring
Authors: Sachs Gottfried , Grüter Benedikt
Published: April 2020

Dynamic soaring is a non-powered flight mode that enables extremely high speeds by extracting energy from thin shear wind layers. Trajectory optimization is applied to construct solutions of the maximum speed achievable with dynamic soaring and to determine characteristic properties of that flight mode, using appropriate models of the vehicle dynamics and the shear wind layer. Furthermore, an energy-based flight mechanics model of high-speed dynamic soaring is developed, with reference made to trajectory optimization. With this model, analytic solutions for high-speed dynamic soaring are derived. The key factors for the maximum speed performance are identified and their effects are determined. Furthermore, analytic solutions for other, non-performance quantities of significance for high-speed dynamic soaring are derived. The analytic solutions virtually agree with the results achieved with the trajectory optimization using the vehicle dynamics model. This is considered a validation of the energy-based model yielding analytic solutions. The analytical solutions are also valid for the high subsonic Mach number region involving significant compressibility effects. This is of importance for future developments in high-speed dynamic soaring, as modern gliders are now capable of reaching that Mach number region.
Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Some Silphium L. Species as Alternative Raw Materials
Authors: Kowalska Grażyna , Pankiewicz Urszula , Kowalski Radosław
Published: April 2020

The chemical composition of three Silphium species in the aspect of the possibility of their use for various purposes has been evaluated. The plant material of three Silphium species (S. perfoliatum, S. trifoliatum and S. integrifolium) was acquired from cultivation located in eastern Poland. The vegetative propagating material consisted of seeds and rhizomes. Content of protein (up to 22.9% in leaves of S. perfoliatum), amino acids (aspartic acid—up to 12.0%, glutamic acid—up to 9.5%, and leucine—up to 9.4%), fat (up to 4.2% in inflorescences of S. perfoliatum), cellulose (up to 42.9% in stems of S. trifoliatum), water-soluble sugars (up to 26.7% in rhizomes of S. perfoliatum) and mineral substances (ash up to 20.9% in stems of S. integrifolium, with significant levels of elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn) in the tested Silphium species can be an important criterion determining a positive evaluation of these plants as sources of alternative raw materials. The conducted research is meant to draw attention to the possibility of use of the biomass of three Silphium species as a potential source of ecological and renewable raw material for food, pharmaceuticals, feed and possibly also for energy generation purposes.
Optimizing Overhead Irrigation Droplet Size for Six Mississippi Soils
Authors: Ferguson J. Connor , Krutz L. Jason , Calhoun Justin S. , Gholson Drew M. , Merritt Luke H. , Wesley Michael T. , Broster Kayla L. , Treadway Zachary R.
Published: April 2020

Optimizing overhead irrigation practices will ensure that water loss is minimized, and each unit of water is used most effectively by the crop. In order to optimize overhead irrigation setup, a study was conducted over two years in Mississippi to quantify the optimal overhead irrigation duration and intensity for six soil types commonly found in row-crop production regions in the state. Each soil type was transferred to containers and measured for total water infiltration and water infiltration over time using a two-nozzle rainfall simulator in a track sprayer. The rainfall simulator was calibrated to apply 2.1 mm of water per minute. The rainfall simulator ran on a 2.4 m track for 90 s, with 3.2 mm total water applied during that time. After the 90 s overhead irrigation event, each container was undisturbed for 150 s and assessed for irrigation penetration through the soil profile. Commercially available irrigation nozzles were measured for droplet size spectrum. Results showed that across soil type, organic matter was the primary factor affecting water infiltration through the profile, followed by soil texture. Irrigation nozzle volumetric median droplet sizes ranged from 327 µm to 904 µm. The results will improve overhead irrigation setup in Mississippi, improving irrigation water use efficiency and reducing losses from soil erosion over the application of water and reduced crop yield.
Physiology, Growth and Yield of Different Cassava Genotypes Planted in Upland with Dry Environment during High Storage Root Accumulation Stage
Authors: Wongnoi Settawoot , Banterng Poramate , Vorasoot Nimitr , Jogloy Sanun , Theerakulpisut Piyada
Published: April 2020

Additional information on the physiological performances for different cassava genotypes would support better decision-making about desirable genetic resources for water-limited conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological expression and yield of eight different cassava genotypes grown under a dry environment during high storage root accumulation. The eight cassava genotypes, i.e., Kasetsart 50, Huay Bong 80, Rayong 5, Rayong 7, Rayong 9, Rayong 11, Rayong 90, and CMR38-125-77 were evaluated under rain-fed upland conditions at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, during 2018 to 2020. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Soil moisture contents, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm and Fv′/Fm′), net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance, water use efficiency (WUE), relative water content (RWC) for leaf, leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), starch content, crop dry weight, and starch yield were observed at 180, 270, and 360 days after planting (DAP), and weather data during the experimental period were also recorded. The results from both 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 indicated that Pn was positively and significantly correlated with stomatal conductance and Fv/Fm during the high storage root accumulation stage (270 and 360 DAP) with soil moisture content lower than field capacity. CMR38-125-77 had satisfactory performances in Pn, RWC, Fv/Fm, Fv′/Fm′, stomatal conductance, LAI, SLA, WUE, biomass, starch content, and starch yield at a last growth stage with soil moisture content lower than permanent wilting point. Significant association between crop dry weight and WUE at 360 DAP was recorded, and CMR38-125-77 and Kasetsart 50 were classified as favorable genotypes with high WUE and biomass.
Short-Term Effects of Changing Soil Management Practices on Soil Quality Indicators and Crop Yields in Greenhouses
Authors: Salinas Jerónimo , Meca David , del Moral Fernando
Published: April 2020

The short-term responses of soil quality indicators are important for assessing the effects of new management practices and addressing threats to crop yields in greenhouses. The aim of this study was to assess, during three consecutive cropping seasons, the effect of a sustainable management package (CRTMP)—which includes the on-site reuse of greenhouse crop residues and tillage—in comparison with conventional management, based on fertigation only (CMP), on certain biochemical soil quality indicators and crop yields. CRTMP significantly increased (p < 0.05) the values of total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), light fraction (LF), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and dehydrogenase (DH) and β-glucosidase (GL) activities at a depth of 0–15 cm, as well as the mean concentration of nitrates in the soil solution. In addition, a significant Pearson’s correlation (p < 0.01) found between the indicators suggested a balanced improvement of soil biological activity and nutritional soil state. Nonetheless, the significant (p < 0.05) increases in the mean concentration of chlorides in the soil solution and electrical conductivity (p < 0.05) increased the risk of salinization, which may have affected the concentration of nitrates in the petiole sap and total production in CRTMP, which were significantly lower than in CMP. Nevertheless, the proportion of premium product was significantly higher in CRTMP, while the proportion of non-commercial production decreased.
Trifluralin and Atrazine Sensitivity to Selected Cereal and Legume Crops
Authors: Chowdhury Imtiaz Faruk , Doran Gregory S. , Stodart Benjamin J. , Chen Chengrong , Wu Hanwen
Published: April 2020

Soil-applied herbicides can persist in sufficient concentrations to affect the growth of crops in rotations. The sensitivity of wheat, barley, oat, lucerne and lentil to trifluralin and atrazine residues were investigated with three glasshouse experiments in 2018 and 2019. Each bioassay crop species was tested against different concentrations of trifluralin and atrazine in sandy soil using a full factorial design. Shoot and root parameters of the tested crop species were fitted in logistic equations against herbicide concentrations to calculate effective doses for 50% growth inhibition (ED50). Results revealed that both shoot and root parameters of all the test crop species were significantly affected by trifluralin and atrazine. Trifluralin delayed crop emergence at the lower concentrations examined, while higher concentrations prevented emergence entirely. Low concentrations of atrazine did not affect emergence but significantly reduced plant height, soil–plant analyses development (SPAD) index, shoot dry weight, root length, root dry weight and number of nodules of all the crop species. At high concentration, atrazine resulted in plant death. Legumes were found to be more sensitive than cereals when exposed to both trifluralin and atrazine treatments, with lucerne being the most sensitive to both herbicides, ED50 ranging from 0.01 to 0.07 mg/kg soil for trifluralin; and from 0.004 to 0.01 mg/kg for atrazine. Barley was the most tolerant species observed in terms of the two herbicides tested. Lucerne can be used to develop a simple but reliable bioassay technique to estimate herbicide residues in the soil so that a sound crop rotation strategy can be implemented.
Documenting Aggression, Dominance and the Impacts of Visitor Interaction on Galápagos Tortoises (Chelonoidis nigra) in a Zoo Setting
Authors: Freeland Laura , Ellis Charlotte , Michaels Christopher J.
Published: April 2020

Ensuring high levels of welfare is imperative for modern zoos, but such organisations must also engage visitors in order to successfully spread awareness and raise conservation funds. It is therefore important to understand the responses of animals to visitor interaction to optimise welfare. Often, the opportunity to interact with humans may be enriching for animals, but in other contexts, this interaction may have negative welfare effects. We observed captive female Galápagos giant tortoises (Chelonoidis nigra) to describe aggressive interactions, characterize hierarchy using Elo ratings and assess the impact of visitor interactions. Elo ratings indicated that one individual was dominant over two equally ranked subordinates; aggressive interactions are discussed in this context. We detected significant effects of the presence of visitors and visitor type (keepers, vets or public) within the enclosure on aggression and activity. We suggest that previous miscategorisation of a natural behaviour (the finch response) as an operantly conditioned behaviour, rather than a fixed action pattern, may have triggered aggression. We then document changes made to the management of the animals to mitigate the impacts discovered. This work highlights the importance of empirical evidence in determining optimal management strategies for zoo animals with regards to public interactions and animal welfare.