bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raja yoga within the system of religious-ethical philosophy Of M. V. Lodyzhensky
Authors: Solopov Oleg Viktorovich
Published: December 2020

This article is dedicated to examination of the characteristics of the doctrine of Raja yoga in interpretation Of M. V. Lodyzhensky. The goal consists in the analysis and reconstruction of the system of Raja yoga within the religious-ethical philosophy of the thinker. In the course of this research, the author resolves a number of problems: examines the system of primary elements of religious-ethical philosophy of M. V. Lodyzhensky; analyzes the sources that affected the formation of views of the philosopher upon Raja yoga; reveals main characteristics of the system of Raja yoga within Lodyzhensky’s philosophy; determines the peculiarities of religious-mystical practice of Raja yoga in the philosophy of M. V. Lodyzhensky; defines the role of Raja-yoga within the system of religious-ethical philosophy of the thinker. The novelty lies in determination of the novel in comparison to the existing in scientific literature categories of M. V. Lodyzhensky’s philosophy and their analysis in the context of system of fundamental sections of philosophical knowledge (ontology, theology, anthropology, epistemology, axiology, ethics); as well as in comprehensive study of the system of Raja yoga in interpretation Of M. V. Lodyzhensky and determination of its role within the structure of his philosophy. It is established that the “core” of the system of religious-ethical philosophy of M. V. Lodyzhensky is the ethics develop ethics and axiology of Hesychasm developed by him. It is proven that the system of metaphysical categories and ideas of the thinker is of synthetic nature and leans on various cultural trends and traditions. The article demonstrates that special role within the system of Lodyzhensky’s philosophy is played by the apologetics of Hesychasm that implies critical review of the non-Christian mystical practices, among which is the examination of Raja yoga. The author underlines the uniqueness of interpretation of Raja yoga in the philosophy M. V. Lodyzhensky, as well as provides critical assessment to his interpretation of the system of Raja yoga.
Emilio Betti: from the history of law to the general theory of interpretation
Authors: Rossius Iuliia
Published: December 2020

The goal of this article consists in demonstration of the impact of research in the field of history and theory of law alongside the hermeneutics of Emilio Betti impacted the vector of this philosophical thought. The subject of this article is the lectures read by Emilio Betti (prolusioni) in 1927 and 1948, as well as his writings of 1949 and 1962. Analysis is conducted on the succession of Betti's ideas in these works, which is traced despite the discrepancy in their theme (legal and philosophical). The author indicates “legal” origin of the canons of Bettis’ hermeneutics, namely the canon of autonomy of the object. Emphasis is placed on the problem of objectivity in Betti's theory, as well as on dialectical tension between the historicity of the interpreted subject and strangeness of the object that accompanies legal, as well as any other type of interpretation. The article reveals the key moment of Betti's criticism of Hans-Georg Gadamer. Regarding the question of historicity of the subject of interpretation. The conclusion is made that the origin of the general theory of interpretation lies in the approaches and methods developed and implemented by Betti back in legal hermeneutics and in studying history of law.   Betti's philosophical theory was significantly affected by the idea on the role of modern legal dogma in interpretation of the history of law. Namely this idea that contains the principle of historicity of the subject of interpretation, which commenced  the general hermeneutical theory of Emilio Betti, was realized in canon of the relevance of understanding in the lecture in 1948, and later in the “general theory of interpretation”. The author also underlines that the question of objectivity of understanding, which has crucial practical importance in legal hermeneutics, was transmitted into the philosophical works of E. Betti, finding reflection in dialectic of the subject and object of interpretation.
Собственные имена у этнических тувинцев Монголии
Authors: Сувандии Надежда Дарыевна , Уламсурен Цэцэгдарь
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматривается использование собственных имен тувинцев, которые проживают в сумонах Цэнгэл Баян-Улэгэйского, Буянт Ховдского, Цагаан-Нуур Хубсугульского аймаков Монголии. Материалом исследования послужили собственные имена, собранные авторами во времена комплексных научных экспедиций в 1999–2019 гг. на территории Ховдского, Баян-Улэгэйского и Хубсугульского аймаков Монголии.

В исследуемых территориях исконно тувинские собственные имена в настоящее время стали малоупотребительными, иногда и редко употребительными. Основной причиной данного явления является то, что носителей родного тувинского языка становится все меньше, т. к. старшее поколение сменяется новыми, которые пользуются языком местного населения — монгольским, считая его родным. Сравнительный анализ между территориями все же показал различие: тувинцы сумона Цэнгэл Баян-Улэгэйского аймака Монголии сохранили больше и тувинских собственных имен, и больше в целом говорят на тувинском языке.
Тува в диалоге культур: компаративистский контекст
Authors: Попков Юрий Владимирович , Тюгашев Евгений Александрович
Published: December 2020

В статье актуализируется проблема диалога культур в мировом и региональном аспекте и решается значимая для сравнительного тувиноведения задача по диагностике позиционирования Тувы в диалоге культур в компаративистском контексте. Культуру авторы трактуют как отдельный социальный организм в его конкретно-исторической специфике (по О. Шпенглеру). Именно в рамках такого представления корректно говорить о способности культуры вступать в диалог и его вести.

О диалоге культур правомерно говорить только в том случае, когда осуществляется содержательный и конструктивный речевой информационный взаимообмен. Для этого культура должна быть говорящей, не-молчащей культурой и обладать способностью не к монологу, а диалогу. В рамках разговорного формата диалога культура призвана быть субъектно-ориентированной. Ее должна интересовать и привлекать субъектность чужой культуры в ее самоценности.

Проведенный компаративный анализ положения традиционной тувинской культуры дает основание для следующих заключений: по критерию открытости к диалогу она относится к категории сравнительно закрытых культур; по критерию избирательности в диалоге тувинцев можно охарактеризовать как преимущественно азиатско-ориентированных; в рамках сопоставления культур «говорящих» и «молчащих» тувинская культура больше соответствует культуре молчания; в горизонте диалоговых и монологовых культур ее можно оценить как в большей степени монологичную.

Распространение современных глобализационных сетей и цифровизация публичной и повседневной жизни способствуют переформатированию положения Тувы в диалоге культур. Одновременно с этим, по мнению авторов, актуальными для тувинцев является культивирование уважительного и заинтересованного отношения к собственной культуре, ее более глубокое познание.
Параллели эпических формул в якутском олонхо и тувинском эпосе: сравнительный аспект
Authors: Борисов Юрий Петрович
Published: December 2020

Целью статьи является выявление параллелей и установление универсалий между якутским олонхо и тувинским эпосом на уровне эпических формул. В исследовании основным методом был индуктивный метод, который позволяет обобщить результаты применения метода сплошной выборки, метода верификации, метода описания, методов компонентного и контекстуального анализа.

В ходе исследования из текста тувинского эпоса «Боктуг Кириш, Бора Шэлей» сказителя М. Н. Ооржака всего было выявлено 82 эпических формул, при этом обнаружены параллели в 17 примерах, из них в статье проанализированы 9 формул с их аналогами из текстов якутского олонхо (нескольких версий).

Установлено, что рассмотренные примеры являются типическими местами. Универсальность формул заключается в их интертекстуальности. При этом структурные особенности эпических формул свидетельствует о стадиальном отличии сравниваемых эпических систем. А семантическая нагрузка эпических формул исходит из ядерных лексем и периферийных элементов, которые подобраны по принципам дословного повтора и начальной аллитерации. В некоторых примерах, особенно организованных посредством матричной конструкции, наблюдаются полные эквиваленты в ключевых лексемах.

В связи с изложенным автор считает, что рассмотренные параллели эпических формул являются результатом генетического родства тувинского эпоса и якутского олонхо, которые сохранились благодаря принципу ритмико-синтаксического параллелизма.
Одежда замужней женщины тюрко-монгольских народов Внутренней Азии: образы, функции, значение (cegedek, qubaiki, uuja, degelei, tangalai)
Authors: Содномпилова Марина Михайловна
Published: December 2020

Безрукавка женщин тюрко-монгольских народов Внутренней Азии (монголов, ойрат, бурят, тувинцев, якутов, хакасов, алтайцев) — предмет полифункциональный. Его главным назначением на протяжении многих сотен лет развития кочевой культуры стало обозначение социального статуса женщины в социуме, определение её этнической принадлежности, магическая защита. Отражением функций воинского облачения выступает традиция укреплять и декорировать лиф безрукавки. Впоследствии эту функцию безрукавки сменила функция магической защиты женщины от злых духов и «нехороших» взглядов.

Часть обозначений безрукавки — тюрко-монгольского происхождения. Но есть и заимствования, свидетельствующие о тесных контактах кочевников с тунгусо-маньчжурскими народами. Ключевое понятие, к которому сводятся почти все названия этой верхней одежды, — «шкура» («кожа», «мех»), что подчеркивает первоначальную функцию безрукавки защищать от холода и атмосферных осадков.

У истоков этой одежды, вероятно, были два ее разных вида: длиннополая безрукавка относилась к верхней распашной одежде, другая, короткая, была нательной. Функция последней была стягивать и поддерживать женскую грудь. В процессе своего развития безрукавка была наделена особым символическим содержанием, став маркером нового социального положения женщины в замужестве, отделив ее от незамужних девушек и вдов. Безрукавка
Традиции собирательства в фольклоре калмыков и тувинцев
Authors: Бакаева Эльза Петровна , Баянова Александра Тагировна , Куканова Виктория Васильевна
Published: December 2020

Настоящая работа посвящена особому виду хозяйствования некоторых народов Центральной Азии — собирательству. Предки тувинцев и ойратов относились в прошлом к «лесным» народам, поэтому в их культуре должны сохраниться те или иные традиции собирательства. Цель статьи — проанализировать на примере фольклора калмыков и тувинцев, как в фольклоре народов Центральной Азии сохраняются традиции такого древнего способа хозяйствования, как собирательство. Также выявлены особенности традиционных представлений, связанных с мотивами собирательства. Материалом для анализа послужили фольклорные тексты разных жанров (в основном сказочные и эпические тексты). Это составляет новизну проведенного исследования, поскольку имеется большое количество этнографических материалов, содержащих в той или иной степени описание собирательства.

В результате анализа фольклорных материалов авторы пришли к выводу, что в фольклорных текстах минимально сохранились реликты собирательства, но, тем не менее, они все же там имеются. Тувинцы в большей степени их сохранили — в отличие от калмыков, которые не только сменили природную зону с тайги на степь, но и мигрировали на значительное расстояние от родины предков (из Центральной Азии в Нижнее Поволжье). Видимо этот фактор и способствовал утрате упоминаний элементов древнего типа хозяйствования.

В тувинском фольклоре прослеживаются архаические традиции собирательства, которые в текстах связываются с примитивным состоянием общества и деятельностью персонажей — культурных героев. Собирательский труд связывается с женскими персонажами, и занятия сбором растений мужчинами порицаются либо осуществляются в особых ситуациях. В поздние времена собирательство было занятием беднейшего населения.

В калмыцких фольклорных текстах обнаруживается типологический сюжет о пребывании в архаическом состоянии, в изначальном мире, для которого характерны скудность пропитания, «травяная кибитка», отверженное состояние, непризнание обществом. Героям необходимо преодоление границы между этим изначальным миром и обществом, в котором занимаются скотоводством, чтобы обрести счастье и богатство.

Богатство в фольклорных текстах, содержащих материалы о примитивных занятиях охотой и собирательством, связывается с появлением одомашненных животных, что, несомненно, является влиянием ценностей культуры калмыков и тувинцев.
Тувинские традиционные методы точных расчетов при изготовлении каркаса юрт
Authors: Ооржак Валерий Окпан-оолович
Published: December 2020

В статье представлены методы расчетов, которые использовались тувинскими мастерами при изготовлении каркаса тувинской юрты, в частности, верхнего круга — хараача.

Эти методы обеспечивали надёжность, долговечность конструкций и их оригинальные возможности изменения размеров и конфигурации юрты в соответствии с сезонами года, приспособляемость традиционного жилища к различным природным, климатическим условиям и явлениям. Особенно важно было соблюдать заранее рассчитанные параметры при выполнении отверстий-пазов в хараача — верхнем круге, в которые вставляются верхние концы улун (ынаа) — жерди-стропила юрты.

Подробно описаны методы и способы расчетов, замеров и сам процесс подготовки, сверления и совершенствования конфигурации пазов хараача при их изготовлении. Разработаны и показаны чертежи-схемы (проекты) традиционных методов проведения расчетов, замеров, способов и приспособлений.
Юрта как геометрическая модель в обучении математике в Туве
Authors: Танзы Менги Васильевна , Саая Сылдыс Казараковна , Шершнева Виктория Анатольевна , Вайнштейн Юлия Владимировна , Ондар Чодураа Мергеновна
Published: December 2020

Статья посвящена пониманию юрты как модели при изучении аналитической геометрии в образовании Тувы (высшего и среднего уровней). В элементах юрты можно увидеть ряд геометрических фигур, поэтому она рассматривается как наиболее подходящая учебно-познавательная модель. Это имеет особый педагогический смысл, когда геометрические знания усваиваются в процессе исследования хорошо известного учащимся объекта.

Рассмотрены основные элементы юрты, в которых представлены формы всех трех геометрических тел вращения: цилиндра, усеченного конуса и части сферы, а также параллельные прямые, окружности, прямоугольники и другие.

Представлена авторская разработка — электронный обучающий модуль «Юрта как геометрическая модель при изучении математики». В него входят электронные интерактивные лекции, тесты-тренажеры и индивидуальные задания, позволяющие повысить качество математической подготовки и на практике продемонстрировать возможности электронного обучения.
Перспективы применения дендрохронологического метода для этноэкологических исследований историко-культурного наследия Тувы
Authors: Майничева Анна Юрьевна , Мыглан Владимир Станиславович , Филатова Майя Олеговна
Published: December 2020

Метод дендрохронологии является неотъемлемой частью исследований по реконструкции условий внешней среды в прошлом, и календарной (относительной) датировки памятников истории и культуры. В Республике Тыва дендрохронологические исследования ведутся давно — с 1974 года. По этой причине назрела необходимость в систематизации данных о существующих древесно-кольцевых хронологиях и коллекциях археологической древесины для выявления перспектив применения дендрохронологического метода применительно к историко-культурному наследию Тувы.
Предметом исследования стали итоги и перспективы дендрохронологических исследований историко-культурного наследия Тувы методами дендрохронологии, объектом исследования — результаты уже выполненных и перспективных исследований. Источниковую базу составляет собранный авторами банк данных по дендрохронологическим исследованиям историко-культурного наследия Тувы.
Проведенный нами анализ источниковой базы показал, что дендрохронологические исследования в основном связаны с исследованием высокогорных районов республики (Монгун-Тайга, нагорье Сангилен), по которым удалось построить тысячелетние древесно-кольцевые хронологии. Степная часть республики изучена гораздо слабее, хотя, именно на этой территории расположены всемирно известные археологические памятники и архитектурное наследие. Коллекции образцов археологической древесины из курганов достаточно разрознены и дендрохронологическим исследованиям не подвергались. Как правило, они были календарно датированы при помощи радиоуглеродного метода. Однако, это не всегда позволяет точно установить их календарный возраст (даты приходятся на «плато» на калибровочной радиоуглеродной кривой или при датировке не учитывается собственный возраст дерева относительно участка, взятого на радиоуглеродный анализ).
Выполненная систематизация дендрохронологических данных выявила два принципиальных момента: 1) в настоящее время для степной зоны Тувы имеется потенциал для построения древесно-кольцевой хронологии, охватывающей первое тысячелетие до н. э.; 2) существующая сеть древесно-кольцевых хронологий, охватывающая последние 778 лет, позволяет выполнять полномасштабные работы по исследованию архитектурного наследия Республики Тыва.
Российский буддизм и социальные медиа: тувинские буддийские онлайн-сообщества ВКонтакте
Authors: Бадмацыренов Тимур Баторович , Хандаров Федор Владимирович , Бадараев Дамдин Доржиевич
Published: December 2020

Развитие социальных медиа в последние годы демонстрирует новое измерение соотношения традиции и инновации в религиозной жизни. Социальные медиа стали особым пространством трансформации буддийских сообществ. Оно не ограничивается простым использованием новых информационных технологий, а ставит перед ними сложные вопросы сохранения традиции и адаптации к изменениям, приспособления к глобальной культуре и защиты этнических ценностей.

В статье выявляются особенности использования социальных медиа тувинскими буддийскими онлайн-сообществами в социальной сети ВКонтакте. Одним из самых больших по числу пользователей является сообщество «Сарыг Шажын Тывада» с более 36 тысячами подписчиков, которое входит в число крупнейших буддийских групп в ВКонтакте. Он демонстрирует устойчивый рост пользователей. С использованием специально разработанного программного обеспечения был произведен автоматизированный сбор данных, что позволило построить социальный граф. Его анализ проводился с помощью методов математического моделирования, а именно кластерного анализа и расчета его топологических свойств, коэффициента ассортативности, соответствия степенному закону распределения степеней вершин и степени посредничества.

Тувинские буддийские онлайн-сообщества обладают выраженными этнорелигиозными отличиями, отличаются ориентацией на воспроизводство этнической традиции, использование тувинского языка, сравнительно высокой плотностью социальной коммуникации. Можно предположить, что для многих пользователей участие в таких онлайн-группах выступает одним из механизмов трансляции этничности и приверженности традициям.
The impact of earnings accounting attributes on the level of voluntary disclosure in the Annual Financial Reports of Jordanian Commercial Banks
Authors:   Al Albayt University, Jordan, Al-Ali Dina Ziad Suleiman
Published: December 2020

The Study aimed to determine the impact of earnings accounting attributes represented by the following variables ( Accrual qulity, Persistence, Predictability, Smoothness, Value Relevance, Timeliness, Conseratism) on the level of voluntary disclosure in the anuual financial reports of Jordanian commercial banks. For the Purpose of the study, the descriptive analytical apporoach was used. The population of the study consisted of Jordanian commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE), While the sample of the study consisted of (13) commercial banks, the study data were collected from the annual reports related to the sample of the study during the period (2014-2018). (SPSS) software was used for analyzing data running statistical tests including descriptive statistics ( lowest value, highest value, arithmetic mean, standard deviations) in addition to multiple regression analysis which was used to test the hypotheses of the study. The result of the multiple regression analysis showed relationship between (Conseratism, Value Relevance, Timeliness) and the level of voluntary disclosure, while there was no relationship between (Accrual quilty, Persisten, Predictability, Smoothness) and the level of voluntary disclosure.The study recommended that banks should impose oversight on disclosures and rise awareness of the importance of voluntary disclosure for both high level management and stakeholders.
Membangun pendidikan karakter santri melalui panca jiwa pondok pesantren
Authors: Nurul Romdoni Lisda , Malihah Elly
Published: December 2020

The five souls of the Islamic boarding school are not just slogans, but the five souls are a character education that must be formed for students. To build the character of students there must be considered by a teacher or caregiver through the process of activities that are often done. The five souls are the five values that must be imbued and instilled by the students in building the character that is carried out in life. The atmosphere of the Islamic boarding school is very close to the values of life that build the character of students to have a spirit of sincerity, a spirit of simplicity, a spirit of independence, a spirit of brotherhood, and a spirit of freedom to prepare themselves to be virtuous, noble, and meaningful for a better life. 

Keywords: Character Education, Five Souls, Islamic Boarding Schools
The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the antioxidant activities and amino acid profiles of defatted chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour
Authors: Ibrahim E.S.K. , Ghani M.A.
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis using different
proteases (Alcalase® and papain) and hydrolysis period on antioxidative activities and
amino acid profiles of hydrolysed chia peptides. The experiment has been carried out
using a completely randomized block design. The protein from defatted chia flour (DCF)
was first isolated using different extraction pH (pH 10; 11; 12) and precipitation pH (pH
3.5, 4.0 and 4.5) to determine the highest protein isolated (CI) yield. The chia isolate (CI)
extracted using the combination treatment (pH 12, 3.5) demonstrated the highest protein
content of 17.22% and was selected to further hydrolysed using Alcalase® and papain
enzyme at different hydrolysis time. The degree of hydrolysis (DH), protein solubility and
peptide content of the chia protein hydrolysates (CH) were observed. Alcalase®-CH and
Papain-CH demonstrated the highest DH at 60 mins of hydrolysis with the value of
47.09% and 44.29%, respectively. The protein solubility and peptide content were directly
proportional to the DH. The Alcalase®-CH hydrolysed at 60 mins exhibited the highest
antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays with values of
35.46µM AAE, 34.45µM TE and 23.11 µM FeSO4.7H2O E, respectively. The Alcalase®-
CH demonstrated higher (p<0.05) hydrophobic amino acid (42.51%) compared to and
Papain-CH (37.25%,). The highest aromatic amino acid content also recorded by
Alcalase®-CH (20.10%), whereas Papain-CH with the value of 15.54%. However, both
CH exhibited higher hydrophilic and aromatic amino acid compared to DCF and CI. This
result has proved that the enzymatic hydrolysis of CH using Alcalase® and papain
improved the nutritional and antioxidant capabilities, thus potentially represent a naturally
occurring antioxidant ingredient in the production of functional food and nutraceutical
appliance with significant health benefits.
Effect of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) powder on quality of glass noodles
Authors: Singthong J. , Thongkaew C.
Published: December 2020

The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tuber is a vegetable with a low caloric
value and a high content of inulin, vitamins and minerals. The purpose of this study was to
determine the physicochemical properties of Jerusalem artichoke powder (JA powder).
The results indicated that moisture, ash, crude fiber, protein, lipid and carbohydrate
contents were 6.71, 3.54, 2.83, 7.58, 0.28 and 79.04%, respectively. The Jerusalem
artichoke stored carbohydrates in the form of inulin instead of starch. Total dietary fiber
(TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) of JA powder were
53.11, 40.07 and 13.04%, respectively. Total sugar, total phenolic compound (TPC) and
antioxidant activity by DPPH of JA powder were 0.92 mg fructose/g sample, 6.58 mg
GAE/g sample and 93.74 mg TEAC/g sample, respectively. Furthermore, this research
reported the design of experimental for optimizing JA powder on the quality of glass
noodles using three independent variables: JA powder concentration (0-3%), alginate
concentration (1.5-2.5%) and calcium concentration (1-3%). The optimum condition for
the glass noodles was 3% JA powder, 2% alginate and 3% calcium. This optimization
revealed that glass noodles had more fiber and sugar, as well as good hardness,
cohesiveness, springiness and gumminess. The microstructure of glass noodles addition
with JA powder was smaller porosity than glass noodles without JA powder
(commercially glass noodle).
Product qualities and sensory evaluation of high protein snack bar incorporated with pea protein isolate
Authors: Gunyaphan S. , On-nom N. , Suttisansanee U. , Nana A. , Chamchan R. , Khemthong C. , Chupeerach C.
Published: December 2020

Snack bars are convenient and nutritious food composed of several ingredients. It also can
be supplemented by some health-promoting substances such as pea protein isolate (PPI).
The aim of this study was to formulate a high-protein snack bar using pea protein isolate
using INMUCAL-Nutrients V.4.0. Moreover, the product qualities of PPI snack bars in
term of physical and sensory qualities and nutritive values were also determined. Protein
content of the PPI snack bars (20-25 g per 100 g sample) was criteria for the formulation.
As the result the physical qualities of PPI snack bars showed that water activity was below
0.65, therefore snack bars should be stable against microbial growth. No significant
difference was found in color values between the PPI snack bar and the control formula,
but PPI snack bars had higher hardness than the control formula. The energy,
carbohydrate, protein, fat and dietary fiber of PPI snack bar was 439.40 kcal, 46.88 g,
22.20 g 18.12 g and 7.17 g per 100 g, respectively. Moreover, it had balanced energy
distribution of carbohydrate: protein: fat at 54:25:21. The results from the sensory
evaluation indicated that the liking score of appearance, color, odor, taste texture and
overall liking of PPI snack bars were higher than 7 (like moderately). Therefore, PPI
appears to be an alternative ingredient used to improve the nutritional quality of the high
protein diet bar
Spray drying conditions for protein hydrolysate of crocodile meat
Authors: Hong P.V.C. , Tan H.D. , Thanh P.T.T. , Cang M.H. , Don D.L. , Thien L.T.
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study is to screen the effects of several parameters (i.e., drying aid
concentration, inlet air temperatures, and feed flow rates) on the spray drying process of
crocodile meat protein hydrolysate. The results showed that the experimental parameters
exhibited significant effects on recovery of dry matter, recovery of proteins and the
obtained powder properties (total protein content, moisture content and antioxidant
capacity). Besides, inlet air temperature and drying aid concentration also significantly
impacted response variables. The conditions for maximum recovery of dry matter,
maximum recovery of proteins, and minimum moisture content of the spray-dried powder
were found at maltodextrin concentration of 19.47% (w/w), inlet air temperature of
142.71oC, and input feed flow rate of 10 mL/min. These conditions correspond to the
recovery of dry matter of 69.51%, protein recovery yield of 76.94%, powder humidity of
5.33%, and powder antioxidant activity of 1.87 mg/mL.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERSONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF UNSUCCESSFUL IVF ATTEMPTS
Authors: A.V. Kazakova , I.E. Dufinets , V.B. Marinovskay , I.S. Kiyashko
Published: December 2020

Currently, the demographic situation in modern Russia is not clear. The decline in the nation's reproductive potential is due to negative social trends and the low level of health of women of childbearing age. It is obvious that centralized measures are needed in this situation. A number of authors point to the relevance of the development of psychological assistance to women with infertility, including IVF treatment. However, the system of psychosocial care for women receiving IVF remains underdeveloped. This study is devoted to identifying features of mental States, personal and reactive anxiety in women with a history of unsuccessful IVF attempts. The sociological research was carried out by the method of active questioning of women on special tests. The level of personal and situational anxiety was determined by the Hanin-spielberger tests. The presence of anxiety and depressive reactions at the stage of preparation for treatment should be an indication.
POSSIBILITIES OF FORECASTING SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AFTER HIP AND KNEE REPLACEMENT
Authors: A.A. Vorokov , E.M. Fadeev , A.A. Spichko , B.G. Aliev , E.A. Murzin , V.M. Khaidarov , D.Sh. Mansurov , A.N. Tkachenko
Published: December 2020

1707 Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty had been retrospectively analyzed for the research. All patients’ data (non-complicated post- Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (1st group - 1579 patients) and post- Hip and Knee Arthroplasty with surgical site infection in 12 months (2nd group - 128 patients)) had been used as an educational matrix for a mathematic forecast and as a construction of a prevention algorithm for septic complications in primary THA and TKA. The study had shown 14 significant criteria which can influence the occurrence of surgical site infection in THA and TKA.
12-month testing period of the software in prospective research (467 cases) had shown a significant decrease rate of surgical site infection in comparison to retrospective research (decrease of 7.5% in the prospective cases and 4.1% - in retrospective).
CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF COMARUM PALUSTRE L. AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: J. Strugar , M.N. Povydysh
Published: December 2020

Marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.) is a perennial herb from the Rosaceae family. It has been used for long in folk medicine in form of infusions, tinctures and decoctions of the underground and aboveground parts of this plant. Nonetheless it is not a pharmacopoeial plant and requires additional research. The goal of this study was to review the existing literature data on the chemical composition of the aerial and underground organs of the marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre L.) and their pharmacological activity. Over the period from 1963 to the present, more than 130 components have been identified in the aboveground and underground parts of the marsh cinquefoil, mainly belonging to the group of phenolic compounds, tannins, fatty acids, polysaccharides and amino acids. Several aspects of pharmacological activity of the total extracts and individual secondary metabolites of the marsh cinquefoil have been studied; anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, nephroprotective, antiviral, antioxidant and other types of biological activity have been experimentally confirmed. Literature data analysis showed that the marsh cinquefoil represents a rich source of biologically active substances and is promising for the creation of new drugs, therefore, further study of its metabolites and their biological activity is of great interest.
ETHICAL STANDARDS IN THE PROMOTION OF MEDICATIONS: ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: E.E. Chupandina , A.Yu. Rodivilova , M.S. Kurolap
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze the content of printed advertising materials for compliance with ethical principles and standards for the promotion of medicinal products (MP). Materials and methods. The object of the research was the promotion of medications using printed advertisements about medications. Considered 200 samples of printed materials in the form of leaflets, booklets and leaflets received by health professionals from medical representatives in pharmacies and clinics in Voronezh..Structural and content analysis, comparative, mathematical and statistical analysis, as well as methods of generalization and systematization were used. Results. It was found that the ethical principles and norms of drug promotion when using printed advertising materials are performed in fragments - only 2 printed materials (1% of the study population) met all eleven WHO criteria, and 26 samples met 10 ethical criteria (13%) and 104 (52%) met 50% of the criteria. According to the criterion “Names of excipients that can cause unwanted reactions”, the greatest discrepancy was found, only 14% of the samples provided the necessary information. Conclusion. Printed advertising materials about medicinal products, as the most common method of promoting medicinal products, contain incomplete or unbalanced data on medicinal products in terms of compliance with the ethical principles of promoting medicinal products as the basis for their rational use. This can contribute to a decrease in the effectiveness of the drug, as a result, an increase in the financial and time costs of treatment, as well as the occurrence of unwanted side reactions. A promising direction for solving this problem is the development of special requirements for the structure and content of printed advertising materials about drugs based on instructions for the use of drugs and ethical criteria for promoting recommended by WHO and the AIMP Code of Good Practice.
A CLINICAL CASE OF PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM OF THE OSTEO-VISCERAL FORM
Authors: O.B. Poselyugina , A.S. Kulish , D.F. Vasiliev
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disease resulting from a primary pathology of the parathyroid gland, characterized by increased secretion of parathyroid hormone and increased blood calcium levels. Among the endocrine diseases, primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common after diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease. In Russia, according to epidemiological studies, primary hyperparathyroidism is found in 1% of the population, women suffer 2-3 times more often than men do, and the average age of diagnosis is 54-59 years. In the absence of a timely diagnosis, primary hyperparathyroidism causes systemic damage to internal organs: renal impairment, nephrolithiasis, esophageal affection, cardiovascular and nervous system involvement, and it leads to a violation of bone tissue integrity.
The aim is to demonstrate a clinical case of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and to analyze the stages of diagnosis of the disease and treatment.
Material and methods. The review of medical literature on the problem of diagnostics and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism was performed, as well as an analysis of the patient’s medical documentation with this pathology.
Results and discussion. A variant of complicated course of primary hyperparathyroidism of bone and visceral form is considered. About 15 years passed from the moment of appearance of the first symptoms of the disease to the development of complications of renal and bone system. Despite the slow development of the disease and availability of screening methods, hyperparathyroidism was detected at the stage of complications. This article provides a detailed analysis of the primary hyperparathyroidism history, as well as analyzes the possibilities of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this pathology. The efficacy of the therapy has been assessed, and ways of correction have been outlined. The analysis of the reasons that made it difficult to diagnose this pathology at an early stage, before the development of serious complications of internal organs, has been carried out.
Conclusions: It can be assumed that the presented clinical case will increase the awareness of physicians, especially therapists, about the primary manifestations of this pathology and the peculiarities of its detection and routing the patient, which will allow avoiding many diagnostic errors.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MECKEL DIVERTICULUM COMPLICATIONS IN CHILDREN
Authors: M.A. Barskaya , A.V. Varlamov , V.A. Zavyalkin , A.I. Kuzmin , M.I. Terekhina
Published: December 2020

Meckel diverticulum is a congenital abnormality of the intestinum appearing due to the failure of the vitelline duct closure. Meckel diverticulum may have no clinical signs however in 20-25% its complications may cause different acute surgical conditions demanding surgical interventions. These complications may appear with the symptoms of abdominal pain, intestinal hemorrhage and intestinal obstruction.
The aim of the study was to analyze the results of treatment of Meckel diverticulum complications in children.
We have analyzed the results of diagnostics and treatment of 69 children aged between 10 months and 13 years. All the children were admitted to the surgical department of Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavin between 2013 and October 2020. The presented complications of Meckel diverticulum were: diverticulitis (37), intestinal bleeding (17), intestinal volvulus (9), intestinal obstruction (3), intussusception (3).
Most frequently the complications were present in infants and preschool children.
All the patients underwent clinical, laboratory, ultrasound, X-Ray (when necessary) and intraluminal endoscopic (when necessary) examinations. However, in most cases complications were diagnosed during laparoscopy. All the children underwent surgical treatment. Most of the surgeries were laparoscopic (54, 35 of them were video assisted mini laparotomies).
Two patients presented postoperative complications: anastomotic leaks; both of the children required repeated surgeries. The reasons of complications were underestimation of the paients’ conditions at the moment of surgical interventions and significance of the inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity. We employed ileostomies to those children which we closed 3 weeks after that when the general conditions were appropriate. We had no lethal cases. The average hospital stay was 11,6 days.
MODERN APPROACHES IN MANAGING WOUND DEFECTS IN CHILDREN WITH SURGICAL INFECTION
Authors: A.I. Kuzmin , A.G. Munin , V.A. Zavyalkin , M.A. Barskaya , M.I. Terekhina
Published: December 2020

The results of treatment of 57 children with wound defects of soft tissues that have appeared at the background of surgical infections of various origins have been analyzed. The causes of the wound defects formation were analyzed according to the T.I.M.E. system.[7,8,9]. While treating the wound defects the strategy of creating the conditions close to the ones in an acute wound was followed («Wound bed preparation») [7,8,11]. We used several types of debridement aimed at shortening the phases of the wound process with the following closure of the wound defects by different methods [1,2,5,7]. The assessment of the effectiveness of local treatment was carried out taking into account the nature and severity of the phases of the wound process by the method of clinical observation of the state of the wound (the severity of symptoms of inflammation, the nature and amount of exudate, the presence and appearance of granulations, the presence of signs of wound epithelialization and scarring, the size of the wound), microbiological, cytological and histology and research [10]. The study revealed factors that disrupt wound healing during primary surgical treatment, in the management of foci of surgical infection, in the management of postoperative wounds, in the treatment of pressure ulcers in children with neurological pathology. During the initial surgical treatment of the received wounds, its inadequacy was noted - the abandonment of necrotic, defective tissues, foreign bodies, the presence of an undiagnosed infection, the absence or inadequate antibiotic therapy, constant tension of the skin edges, impaired blood flow and innervation, inadequate sanitation and drainage. The use of modern innovative technologies in wound management reduces hospital stay, reduces the duration of the use of antibiotics and other medications, contributes to a good cosmetic effect. Application of the current innovative technologies in wounds treatment shortens the hospital stay, decreases the duration of the use of antibiotics and other medicines, and contributes to better cosmetics effects [1,4,6]. The current trends in wounds treating with the choice of local treatment according to the phases of the wound process are presented in this article. The methods of active wound defects therapy and different types of debridement considering their pros and cons are analyzed.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE: POSSIBILITIES FOR STUDYING KIDNEY DISEASES
Authors: S.N. Mamaeva , R.R. Vinokurov , Ya.A. Munkhalova , D.P. Dyakonova , V.A. Platonova , F.A. Zakharova
Published: December 2020

Currently, due to the intensive development of high-tech science-intensive medical and research devices, more and more attention is paid to the development of diagnostics of rare and difficult to diagnose diseases.
It is known that among numerous nephropathies, hematuria may be the only symptom of kidney and urinary tract diseases, which complicates their diagnosis and treatment. In order to develop new approaches for the diagnosis of nephropathies, the authors have been studying the morphology of red blood cells in the blood and urine of children and adults using a scanning electron microscope for several years. The paper presents the results of studies of children with various kidney diseases, including IgA-nephropathy, and chronic glomerulonephritis. Scanning electron microscopy was used for the first time to detect nanoparticles on the surface of red blood cells, the size of which is comparable to the size of viruses, which became the basis for one of the authors ' assumptions, namely, the possible transport of certain types of viruses by red blood cells. Thus, some kidney diseases could be considered virus-associated.
This paper presents for the first time the results of determining the glomerular filtration rate of both kidneys separately in the study of separate kidney function and of the study of urine smears obtained during catheterization of the ureters in patients with hydronephrosis of one of the kidneys by scanning electron microscopy. As in previous studies, nanoparticles were found on the surface of red blood cells, which leads to the conclusion about the possible viral nature of the disease of the considered patient. In addition, smear images obtained using a microscope showed a significant difference in the elements of the right and left kidneys urine, which did not contradict the data on the study of glomerular filtration rate.
According to the authors, the capabilities of the scanning electron microscope can be applied in fundamental research of kidney diseases at the cellular and molecular levels, forming new ideas about their origin, as well as on the basis of which new methods of non-invasive diagnostics can be built.
HEALING OF INJURIES OF THE ORAL MUCOSA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF RECOMBINANT EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR
Authors: D.V. Kabaloeva , A.B. Akkalaev , A.Ch. Tskhovrebov
Published: December 2020

An analysis of modern scientific and practical literature leaves no doubt that among the many problems of a dentist, an important place is occupied by the optimization of wound healing of the oral mucosa in case of injuries. Immunodeficiencies of various origins, elderly and senile age, diabetes mellitus, and severe pathology of the cardiovascular system, hypoxic conditions and other somatic diseases reduce the repair potential of the oral mucosa. In addition, all types of metabolism are disrupted, synthesis and humoral transport are reduced, as well as the secretion of growth factors with saliva and their content in the blood and tissue. The healing process of the oral mucosa is slowed down by bacterial colonization of the wound surface, which can increase the area of inflammation. A common method of treating such patients in a dental clinic is the use of agents aimed at regenerative processes in tissues. Along with the positive qualities of modern drugs (good fixation, comfort when used in the oral cavity, wound healing, bactericidal effect on the damaged mucous membrane, reducing pain, accelerating the processes of epithelialization and scar organization), a noticeable weakening of their action in immunodeficient conditions should be noted. Based on this, it is advisable to use recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGFR) in the treatment of traumatic lesions of the oral mucosa, including those caused by the use of orthopedic structures, surgical interventions, especially those accompanied by conditions involving a decrease in the immune status.
THE NEW GENETIC ASPECTS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PERSONS OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION
Authors: N.V. Aksyutina , V.A. Shulman , E.E. Aldanova , S.Yu. Nikulina , V.S. Mordovskii , E.Yu. Kuznetsova , L.V. Nikolaeva
Published: December 2020

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common and dangerous heart rhythm disorders. Lone AF is due to a genetic predisposition. Foreign studies have proven the association of rs2200733 polymorphism of chromosome 4q25 with AF. No such studies have been conducted in the Russian Federation. Purpose of the study: to determine the association of the rs2200733 polymorphism of chromosome 4q25 with the development of AF, and to exclude the possible connection of the studied polymorphic marker with concomitant cardiovascular pathology. A total of 247 patients with AF were examined (113 from lone AF, 134 from secondary). Control group - 182 healthy people. Behavior: ECG, EchoCG, Holter ECG monitoring, blood test for thyroid hormones, VEM, CAG, molecular genetic research. In the group of patients with AF, the TT genotype was detected in 12.95%, which is statistically significant more often than in the control group (4.94%), p<0.05. In the presence of a genotype with a rare T allele, the risk of developing AF increases by 1.5 times. The TT genotype was statistically significant more often in the subgroup of patients with isolated AF (17.70%) in comparison with the control group (4.94%), p<0.05. The risk of developing isolated AF in the presence of a genotype with a rare allele T is 1.8 times increased. Chronic heart failure, no statistically significant differences were found (p>0.05). In patients with the TT genotype, the mean LA size was 3.738 ± 0.494 cm, it was statistically significantly smaller than in patients with the CC genotype, which corresponded to 3.925 ± 0.629 cm, p<0.05; and than in individuals with a heterozygous CT genotype, its value in this subgroup is 4.018 ± 0.639 cm, p<0.05. Conclusions: Homozygous genotype for the rare TT allele and the T allele of the rs2200733 polymorphism of chromosome 4q25 are predictors of lone AF. The rs2200733 polymorphism has no association with any cardiovascular pathology, such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure. The TT genotype and the T allele of the rs2200733 polymorphism do not affect left atrial remodeling in patients with AF.