bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel application of SANS provides quantitative non-destructive identification of forming techniques in late Roman and early medieval pottery from Pannonia
Authors: Gait John , Bajnok Katalin , Hugot Nicolas , Horváth Friderika , Pépy Gérard , Ellis Darren , Len Adél
Published: October 2024

Within archaeological studies of ancient pottery, understanding the techniques used to form vessels from unfired clay provides significant information on the history of technology and economic systems, as well as wider cultural practices and social interactions. We introduce here a new analytical methodology, using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to investigate pottery forming techniques through the preferential orientation of nanoscale objects within pottery fabrics. Significantly, SANS is non-destructive, suitable for both coarse and fine-textured pottery fabrics, provides quantitative data, enables fast-throughput of samples, and is not significantly affected by surface modifications occurring after the primary forming stage. The use of SANS is systematically investigated through over 400 measurements of experimental vessels, and also compared with X-ray microtomography and neutron tomography. The results show that SANS can be used to differentiate wheel-throwing, coil-building, percussion-building, and coil-wheeling techniques. The archaeological application of SANS is demonstrated through a case study of 50 late Roman and early medieval (fourth–sixth century AD) pottery sherds from Hungary, spanning the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and the arrival of Barbarian polities into the region. The findings show a transition in production from predominantly wheel-throwing to coil-wheeling, but also coil-building, percussion-building, percussion-wheeling, and drawing. Such changes appear to reflect the disintegration of large-scale centrally organised Roman economic systems, and the diversification of production, consistent with the more diversified technological and cultural backgrounds of the producers themselves.
Amplified response of drug-induced liver fibrosis via immune cell co-culture in a 3D in vitro hepatic fibrosis model
Authors: Jung Hyewon , Kyun Mi-lang , Kwon Ji-In , Kim Jeongha , Kim Ju-Kang , Park Daeui , Lee Yu Bin , Moon Kyoung-Sik
Published: October 2024

In vitro liver toxicity model for detecting risks of immune-associated liver fibrosis induction.
Triple-shelled Ni@MnO/C hollow spheres with enhanced performance for rechargeable zinc-ion capacitors
Authors: Xiang Tao , Qu Zaiting , Zhang Daohong , Hu Chenglong , Chen Zhen , Wang Qiufan
Published: October 2024

Ni/MnO@C nanospheres with different core–shell structures are obtained by using Ni3Mn-MOFs as templates, exhibiting excellent electrochemical properties as cathodes in zinc-ion storage.
Heteroleptic mononuclear Cu(i) halide complexes containing carbazolyl substituted phenyl diphosphine and monophosphine: structures and photophysical and electroluminescent properties
Authors: Chen Zhun , Xu Wei , Zhu Ruiqin , Liu Li , Zhong Xin-Xin , Li Fa-Bao , Zhou Guijiang , Qin Hai-Mei
Published: October 2024

Heteroleptic mononuclear Cu(i) halide complex 4 containing carbazolyl groups in diphosphine and monophosphine shows high PLQY (0.75) and a short decay lifetime (1.9 μs) with a high kr value of 3.95 × 105 s−1.
New Pd(ii)-pincer type complexes as potential antitumor drugs: synthesis, nucleophilic substitution reactions, DNA/HSA interaction, molecular docking study and cytotoxic activity
Authors: Pavlović Sladjana , Petrović Biljana , Ćoćić Dušan , Schreurer Andreas , Sretenović Snežana , Nešić Maja D. , Nišavić Marija , Maric Zorana , Stanisavljević Isidora , Ćorović Irfan , Simović Marković Bojana , Maric Veljko , Jovanović Ivan , Radić Gordana , Radisavljević Snežana , Jovanović Stević Snežana
Published: October 2024

Antitumor effect of new Pd(ii) complexes having pyridine derivatives of 2.6-dicarboxamide as chelating ligand was assessed by examination of nucleophilic substitution reactions, DNA/HSA interaction, molecular docking and cytotoxic activity.
A donor:hole-transport layer alloy for high-efficiency and stable binary organic solar cells with promoted hole collection and suppressed recombination
Authors: Zeng Xianghui , Xu Ting , Chen Hansheng , Deng Baoshen , Yan Qing , Wen Xuanlin , Li Zijian , Zeng Haoxuan , Gao Chuanlin , Xiao Yaodong , Liao Jiwei , Liu Hui , He Bin , Han Peigang , Zhang Guangye , Li Shunpu , Chen Yiwang , Xie Chen
Published: October 2024

A donor-based nanoparticle (NPs)-incorporated hole-transport layer was synthesized for fine-tuning the energy level of anodes in organic solar cells. The conventional and inverted devices achieved record efficiencies of 19.9% and 17.2%, respectively.
Degradation of norfloxacin by the synergistic effect of micro–nano bubbles and sodium hypochlorite: kinetics, influencing factors and pathways
Authors: Li Guijuan , Cheng Yan , Jing Mengyao , Zhang Dan , Ma Yufei , Yang Shengke
Published: October 2024

The degradation reaction process and influencing factors of norfloxacin in the sodium hypochlorite and micro–nano bubble composite system.
Developing environmentally relevant micro- and nanoplastics to assess removal efficiencies in wastewater treatment processes
Authors: Benzo Martín , Pérez Barthaburu María Eugenia , Pérez-Parada Andrés , Olivera Álvaro , Fornaro Laura
Published: October 2024

This study presents a simple, cost-effective method to produce environmentally relevant micro- and nanoplastics as model particles for testing removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants.
Cu(ii) traceability in industrial samples: innovating detection with modified nanoparticles and magnetic electrodes
Authors: Costa C. , Talbot D. , Bée A. , Abramson S. , Diz V. , González G. A.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel approach for the sensitive detection of Cu(ii) ions in acidic industrial samples, used in the manufacture of printed circuits.
Closing the loop: exploring apple pomace as a source of bioactive compounds in the framework of circular economy
Authors: Aguiar Pascoalino Liege , Barros Lillian , Barreira João C. M. , Oliveira M. Beatriz P. P. , Reis Filipa S.
Published: October 2024

Apple pomace (AP), the common designation of bio-residues generated during apple processing, holds a vast potential for alternative added-value solutions, particularly by applying new sustainable technologies in the food sector.
Advances in plant-derived extracellular vesicles: isolation, composition, and biological functions
Authors: Zeng Yao-Bo , Deng Xun , Shen Li-Sha , Yang Yong , Zhou Xing , Ye Lianbao , Chen Sibao , Yang Da-Jian , Chen Guo-Qing
Published: October 2024

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are nanoscale vesicles released from plant cells into the extracellular space.
Biological metasurfaces based on tailored Luria Bertani Agar growth medium formulations for photonic applications
Authors: Leone Francesca , Favale Olga , Bruno Mauro Daniel Luigi , Bartolino Roberto , Annesi Ferdinanda , Caligiuri Vincenzo , De Luca Antonio
Published: October 2024

The Luria Bertani agar medium is a formidable scaffold for all-biological metasurfaces. To reduce its scattering nature and improve its optical performance while preserving the cell-viability, we propose two new formulations with reduced nutrients.
Controllable transformation of UCST and LCST behaviors in polyampholyte hydrogels enabled by an association–disassociation theory-based switch mechanism
Authors: Du Wenhao , Sun Shixiong , Zhao Zhixin , Zhao Benbo , Zhang Xi
Published: October 2024

“Association–disassociation” theory was proposed to offer a controllable mechanism for switching between UCST and LCST behaviors in polyampholyte hydrogels.
Two birds with one stone: natural polyphenols boosted periodontitis treatment of chlorhexidine via reducing toxicity and regulating microenvironments
Authors: Sun Zhiyuan , Wang Tianyou , Chen Enni , Xu Lingyi , Ding Yi , Gu Zhipeng , Xiao Shimeng
Published: October 2024

Typical natural polyphenol was combined with chlorhexidine to form nanoparticles, achieving the “two birds with one stone” of reducing toxicity and regulating microenvironment, resulting in superior periodontitis treatment outcomes.
Multiple H-bonds induced mechanically robust vat photopolymerization 3D printing poly(urethane–urea) elastomers
Authors: Yang Xingxing , Bai Changcheng , Zhu Bin , Wu Jiayu , Wang Mingyang , Wang Yixian , Wu Tao , Liu Desheng , Jiang Pan , Wang Xiaolong
Published: October 2024

A multiple H-bonds crosslinking strategy is proposed with a poly(urethane–urea) oligomer to overcome the mismatch between the excellent mechanical properties and the good processability of 3D printable PU elastomers.
Remarkably boosted high-temperature energy storage of a polymer dielectric induced by polymethylsesquioxane microspheres
Authors: Chang Zelong , Lei Li , Zhu Linwei , Quan Yang , Ren Zengliang , Qian Yihui , Dastan Davoud , Shi Zhicheng
Published: October 2024

The polymethylsesquioxane (PMSQ) microspheres can remarkably enhance the energy storage performance of a polymer dielectric at high temperatures.
Fine-tuning the molecular conformation and packing structures of coumarin-based luminogens to achieve distinct piezochromic properties upon mechanical grinding and under hydrostatic pressures
Authors: Fu Shijie , Jia Hao , Meng Xinmiao , Wang Chengyuan , Li Qian , Li Lei , Yang Jiaxiang , Niu Helin
Published: October 2024

Distinct piezochromic properties of coumarin-based luminogens upon exposure to various force stimuli are achieved through fine-tuning the molecular conformations and packing structures.
Theoretical insights and design of MXene for aqueous batteries and supercapacitors: status, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Zhao Jun , Ma Ninggui , Wang Tairan , Wang Yuhang , Liang Bochun , Zhang Yaqin , Luo Shuang , Xiong Yu , Wang Qianqian , Fan Jun
Published: October 2024

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current theoretical understanding and design strategies of MXene materials in the aqueous electrochemical energy storage systems field.
Correlated excitonic signatures of individual van der Waals NiPS3 antiferromagnet nanoflakes
Authors: Chandrasekaran Vigneshwaran , DeLaney Christopher R. , Trinh Cong Tai , Parobek David , Lane Christopher A. , Zhu Jian-Xin , Li Xiangzhi , Zhao Huan , Campbell Marshall A. , Martin Laura , Wyckoff Edward F. , Jones Andrew C. , Schneider Matthew M. , Watt John , Pettes Michael T. , Ivanov Sergei A. , Piryatinski Andrei , Dunlap David H. , Htoon Han
Published: October 2024

Optical spectroscopy on individual nano-flakes of NiPS3 2D-antiferromagnet reveals correlated excitons arising from entangled charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom, similar to bulk NiPS3 but at a completely different energy range.
Prediction methods for phonon transport properties of inorganic crystals: from traditional approaches to artificial intelligence
Authors: Wei Yi , Liu Zhixiang , Qin Guangzhao
Published: October 2024

This review comprehensively summarizes all available strategies for predicting phonon transport properties and explores how AI-based approaches can enhance traditional methods.
Liquid exfoliation of a series of expanded layered Cu(ii)-paddlewheel metal–organic frameworks to form nanosheets
Authors: Nicks Joshua , Roseveare Thomas M. , Harris Michael S. , Ashworth David J. , Danczuk George , Brammer Lee , Foster Jonathan A.
Published: October 2024

The effects of linker length on nanosheet dimensions and properties are investigated through the ultrasonic liquid exfoliation of an isoreticular series of layered metal–organic frameworks.
Photoemission spectroscopy and microscopy for Ta@Si16 superatoms and their assembled layers
Authors: Shibuta Masahiro , Ohta Tsutomu , Kamoshida Toshiaki , Yamagiwa Kana , Tsunoyama Hironori , Inoue Tomoya , Masubuchi Tsugunosuke , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: October 2024

An alkaline-like Ta-encapsulating Si16 superatom film was fabricated on a C60 substrate. Charge transfer between Ta@Si16 and C60 lowers the work function. In the multilayer film, the central Ta atom's positive charge is compensated by the Si16 cage.
Introduction to celebrating the 10th anniversary of INST Mohali
Authors: Patra Amitava , Waghmare Umesh
Published: October 2024

Amitava Patra and Umesh Waghmare introduce this collection collating some of the latest research published in Nanoscale in celebration of the 10th anniversary of the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali.
Toward highly efficient TADF-active Cu(i), Ag(i) and Au(i) carbene complexes using symmetry-based design strategy
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Rogovoy Maxim I. , Odud Ilia M. , Davydova Maria P. , Rakhmanova Marianna I. , Petrov Pavel A. , Brel Valery K. , Artushin Oleg I. , Brylev Konstantin A. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Berezin Alexey S. , Gorbunov Dmitry E. , Gritsan Nina P.
Published: October 2024

Tetraphosphine-carbene Cu(i), Ag(i) and Au(i) complexes, synthesized via a symmetry-based design strategy, exhibit cyan to yellow TADF with excellent quantum yields (58–89%) and reduced lifetimes.
Facile single-step synthesis of pentaaryl-substituted pyrano[3,2-b]pyrrol-5(1H)-ones showing aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Wang Yongfeng , Chu Ruijun , Wang Yanxiao , Zhou Mengyuan , Chen Yuan , Xu Cheng , Sun Jingyu , Yin Guodong
Published: October 2024

A novel class of heterocyclic AIEgens has been synthesized via a multicomponent reaction of isatins, 2,3-diaryl cyclopropenones, and alkyl bromides.
Recent advances in carbon atom addition for ring-expanding single-atom skeletal editing
Authors: Yuan Ting , Shi Lei
Published: October 2024

This review focuses on recent advances in carbon atom addition for ring-expanding single-atom skeletal editing.
Stereoselective access to furan-fused [5.5.0] bicyclic heterocycles enabled by gold-catalyzed asymmetric [8 + 4] cycloaddition
Authors: Wang Xunhua , Wang Jianhua , Li Xiaoxun
Published: October 2024

A gold-catalyzed asymmetric [8 + 4] cycloaddition was developed to afford highly functionalized furan/pyrrole-fused [5.5.0] polycyclic heterocycles with good diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
An isochoric optical platform for interrogation of aqueous glass formation processes
Authors: Kavian Soheil , Sellers Ronald , Berrospe-Rodriguez Carla , Alvarez Crysthal , Velasco Fernanda D. , Smith Hunter B. , Aguilar Guillermo , Powell-Palm Matthew J.
Published: October 2024

The “isovitriscope” optical platform supplements standard techniques by tracking optical temperature evolution, accurately measuring onset glass transition temperature, and identifying phase change events.
Functionalized porous carbon microspheres packed column for solid phase extraction and preconcentration of trace metal ions in food and water samples
Authors: Ali Syed Ghazanfar , Kapoor Sakshi , Khan Rais Ahmad , Haseen Uzma , Khan Haris Manzoor
Published: October 2024

Symthesis and functionalization of porous carbon nanospheres for metal ion extraction.
Contribution of an instructional module incorporating PhET simulations to Rwandan students' knowledge of chemical reactions, acids, and bases through social interactions
Authors: Ndagijimana Jean-Baptiste , Musengimana Jeannette , Mushimiyimana Henriette , Mukama Evode , Habimana Olivier , Manirakiza Paulin , Dushimimana Jean Claude , Munyaruhengeri Jean Pierre Alpha , Khan Samia , Lakin Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

The current study ascertained the influence an instructional module had on enhancing students’ understanding of chemical reactions and acid–base topics. The sample size for this study consisted of 197 students, including 101 in an “experimental” group and 96 in a “control” group, selected from schools in two Districts (Rwamagana and Musanze) in Rwanda, Africa. The experimental and control groups received a pre-test and post-test to collect data. In addition, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with students in the experimental group. Further, a test question analysis was used to evaluate the students’ content knowledge of chemical reactions and acids, bases, and pH. To analyze the research data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for quantitative analysis. The independent t-test results indicated no significant difference between the means of the control and experimental groups at the pre-test stage (df = 195, p = 0.380). At the post-test stage, a statistically significant increase was observed in the mean scores of the experimental group compared to the control group (df = 195, p < 0.001), showing that the intervention effectively improved student learning outcomes in chemistry education.
Steering N/S coordination number to accelerate catecholase-like catalysis over low-coordinated Cu site
Authors: Yuan Meng , Xia Nannan , Huang Ziheng , Huang Chaofeng , Hu Xun , He Fei
Published: October 2024

Modulating the coordination configuration of metal Cu center through steering the N/S coordination number around Cu center boosted the catalytic activity of catechol oxidase-mimicking nanozyme.
A potent and selective anti-glutathione peroxidase 4 nanobody as a ferroptosis inducer
Authors: Li Xinyu , Li Yaru , Xie Aowei , Chen Fenglin , Wang Jing , Zhou Jianfeng , Xu Ximing , Xu Zhenlin , Wang Yong , Qiu Xue
Published: October 2024

Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) plays a crucial role in the ferroptosis pathway, emerging as a potential drug target in the treatment of refractory tumors.
The chirality-induced spin selectivity effect in asymmetric spin transport: from solution to device applications
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Balo Anujit , Garg Rabia , Mondal Amit Kumar , Ghosh Koyel Banerjee , Chandra Mondal Prakash
Published: October 2024

This review highlights recent experimental findings related to the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect. This effect is demonstrated to explain asymmetric electron's spin transport in chiral molecules for various technological applications.
Flexible doorway controlled Na+ ion diffusion in NaPSO glassy electrolytes from machine-learning force field simulations
Authors: Luo Kun , Zhou Rui , Martin Steve W. , An Qi
Published: October 2024

Oxygen doping reduces free volume yet paradoxically enhances amorphous framework flexibility, facilitating Na+ ion diffusion. This balance leads to an initial increase, then a decline, observed in conductivity of NaPSO electrolytes.
An unconventional charge compensation mechanism for proton insertion in aqueous Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jiwei , Huang Heran , Qiao Linna , Wang Haonan , Lee Krystal , Zhou Guangwen , Liu Hao
Published: October 2024

Electrochemical cycling of the VOPO4 cathode in aqueous Zn-ion batteries proceeds via proton insertion, which is accompanied by the conformal coating of an amorphous ZnO layer on the electrode particles.
Bacterial nanocelluloses as sustainable biomaterials for advanced wound healing and dressings
Authors: Zarepour Atefeh , Gok Bahar , Budama-Kilinc Yasemin , Khosravi Arezoo , Iravani Siavash , Zarrabi Ali
Published: October 2024

This review aims to provide an overview on the application of BNC-based composites for advanced wound healing and dressings.
Reconfiguring the endogenous electric field of a wound through a conductive hydrogel for effective exudate management to enhance skin wound healing
Authors: Yan Yukun , Chen Yuanyuan , Dai Hanqing , Zhang Wanlu , Guo Ruiqian
Published: October 2024

In this work, we proposed a mechanism for hydrogel-based dressings to respond to endogenous electric fields through exudate absorption and conducted a verification study using polyacrylamide and sodium alginate (PAM–SA) hydrogels.
Dual‐state and self‐oscillating wireless charging system topology for direct‐drive battery
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Bao , Xie Kai
Published: October 2024

This study proposes a novel topology with bi‐stable controlling for wireless charging system (WCS). The advantage of the proposal is that a desired charging current can be directly output from rectifier without requiring charging current manager, thereby greatly simplifying the structure of the receiver. The proposed topology not only improves the transmission efficiency of system, but also reduces the loss and heat dissipation in the receiver. The principle of the topology is outlined and the circuitry model and control strategy are established and analyzed in detail. The innovation of this method lies in treating the coupler as a current transformer, which enables more direct and simpler controlling of the charging current. The experiment is conducted to verify that when the peak charging current is increased from 5A to 10A, the system efficiency is increased up to 82.0% and the receiver efficiency up to 96.7%. Both computational simulation and experimental validation have confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method. Compared with conventional WCS topology with compensation, the proposed method improves the system efficiency by 3% and the receiver efficiency by 5%, which is more suitable for practical applications where compact and light‐weight receiver is required.
The return of FarNet-II: Generation of solar far-side magnetograms from helioseismic data
Authors: Broock E. G. , Asensio Ramos A. , Felipe T.
Published: October 2024

Context. The far-side activity of the Sun can be inferred by interpreting the near-side wave field using local helioseismic techniques. However, detections are limited to strongly active regions because signal-to-noise ratio of the data is low. Recently, we developed the FarNet and FarNet-II neural networks to improve the identification of active regions on far-side seismic maps.

Aims. We aim to use FarNet-II to leverage seismic data to infer far-side magnetograms, including the magnetic field strength and polarity.

Methods. We used FarNet-II to produce sequences of 11 consecutive binned magnetograms with a 12-hour cadence of a central section of the far side, where each pixel was assigned to one of nine possible classes that define its magnetic field and polarity. The inputs to the network are sequences of phase-shift maps of the same regions, computed using helioseismic holography. We trained the network using a cross-validation approach to estimate its reliability. The targets for the training and the cross-validation were obtained from near-side Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager magnetograms, taken half a rotation later than the seismic data. The metric we used for the evaluation is the volumetric Dice, a newly defined metric that measures the overlap between the outputs and the targets. The results were compared with Solar Orbiter data from a period with far-side coverage between May 2022 and September 2022.

Results. FarNet-II achieves an average volumetric Dice of 0.249, showing a good visual superposition between the targets and outputs of the network. The comparisons of the outputs and the Solar Orbiter magnetograms are also similar.

Conclusions. FarNet-II can correctly predict the level of activity and the polarity of far-side regions using near-side seismic data. This capability can be leveraged in space-weather forecasting.
Blazar S 0528+134 is possibly the most powerful emitter in the Universe, including in the range of gravitational waves
Authors: Volvach A. E. , Volvach L. N. , Larionov M. G.
Published: October 2024

Aims. A new method of determining the parameters of close binary systems of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and the level of gravitational waves (GWs) on the Earth’s surface are proposed.

Methods. Data are presented from long-term monitoring of possibly the most powerful emitter in the Universe, S 0528+134, at five frequencies in the radio range from 4.8 GHz to 37 GHz, obtained by the RT-22 radio telescope of the Radio Astronomy Laboratory CrAO in Simeiz, the RT-26 radio telescope at Michigan Observatory, and the 40 m radio telescope of the Owens Valley Radio Observatory.

Results. The dynamics of powerful flares that have occurred in the object since its discovery in a sky survey in 1970 were considered. The main physical characteristics of binary SMBHs located in the central regions of the system were obtained. These data were used to find the masses of the SMBH companions, the parameters of their orbits, the energy reserve of the system, and the lifetime of the object before the SMBHs’ merger. The level of GWs on the Earth’s surface was determined and the possibility of their detection by International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) GW detectors was considered.
Complete extraction of main pancreatic duct residual and microstones using an 8-wire basket catheter
Authors: Sagami Ryota , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Nishikiori Hidefumi , Sato Takao , Murakami Kazunari
Published: October 2024

Background and study aims Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), pancreatoscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are primary treatments for symptomatic main pancreatic duct (MPD) stones. However, incomplete clearance of residual/microstones post-treatment may cause symptom recurrence. We hypothesized that the 8-wire biliary basket catheter could be suitable for MPD stone extraction and aimed to analyze its ability to achieve more complete clearance of MPD residual/microstones.

Patients and methods Patients suspected of having MPD residual/microstones ≤ 5 mm because of abdominal symptoms, computed tomography examination results, and pancreatography results after previous therapy, including ERCP, EHL, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, were retrospectively enrolled. Patients with severe MPD stenosis/biliary obstruction requiring ERCP drainage were excluded. Extraction of residual/microstones was attempted using an 8-wire basket that is widely expandable in the narrow pancreatic duct and can capture and sweep stones in the narrow pancreatic duct. Technical success was defined as extraction of residual/microstones. The primary outcome was the technical success rate. Secondary outcomes were therapeutic details of stone extraction using the 8-wire basket catheter, including symptom improvements.

Results The technical success rate was 100% for seven patients; 1 to 8 residual/microstones were extracted. An improvement was observed in five patients with symptoms after the previous therapy. Three patients underwent residual stone extraction after extraction using a dedicated basket. No patient experienced symptom recurrence during the 270-day follow-up period.

Conclusions The 8-wire basket resulted in successful MPD residual/microstone extraction and pancreatic symptom improvement. This method may prevent symptom recurrence caused by incomplete residual/microstone clearance.
Choledochal Cyst and Right Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: When to Intervene?
Authors: Landry Émilie Kate , Le-Nguyen Annie , Butler Elissa K. , Bouchard Sarah , Dubois Josée , Lemoine Caroline P.
Published: October 2024

Patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can present with other congenital anomalies, but an associated choledochal cyst (CC) has rarely been described. The simultaneous diagnosis of both anomalies complicates patient management. There is no consensus on the ideal timing for CC excision. Unrepaired CC is associated with risks of developing biliary sludge, choledocholithiasis, and cholangitis. After a CDH repair with mesh, secondary bacterial translocation caused by a delayed CC repair could lead to mesh superinfection. Conversely, early CC surgical management could cause mesh displacement and lead to CDH recurrence, requiring reintervention. We present the rare case of a CC occurring in a neonate with a prenatally diagnosed right CDH. One month after an uncomplicated CDH repair with mesh, while the patient was still hospitalized for pulmonary hypertension, she developed progressive cholestasis and acholic stools. Investigations revealed a nonpreviously suspected CC. Conservative treatment was attempted, but CC perforation with secondary biliary peritonitis occurred. Open CC excision with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was therefore performed on day of life (DOL) 41. Having suffered no short-term surgical complications, the patient was discharged on DOL 83 because of prolonged ventilatory support due to pulmonary hypertension. Now 12 months after surgery, she is doing well with normal liver function tests and imaging studies. In summary, CC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of progressive cholestasis in patients with CDH. Surgical repair of a symptomatic CC should not be delayed even in the presence of mesh given the risks of CC complications.
Curricular Redundancy in Medical Undergraduate Course: Critical Insights from Various Stakeholders in Medical Institutes in India
Authors: Barde Pradip B. , Parmar Naresh , Chitturi Vinay , Sharma Gaurav , Kathrotia Rajesh , Joshi Krupal , Naithani Manisha , Sharma Vivek Kumar
Published: October 2024

Background Medical education is continuously evolving to keep pace with the dynamic field of medicine. This study addresses the issue of curricular redundancy in medical education, highlighting the necessity for periodic reviews to eliminate outdated or irrelevant topics.

Method A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving participants from various medical schools across India. An online questionnaire was used to gather data on redundant topics, suggested replacements, and improvements in the curriculum for both didactic and non-didactic subjects, along with inputs related to assessment and evaluation methods. Content analysis was used for thematic identification and qualitative interpretation.

Results Out of 71 respondents from a wide geographic distribution, 30% were female, and 70% were male, with an age range of 17 to 36 years. Participants expressed concerns about redundant theoretical (32%) and practical (51%) topics. Qualitative analysis highlighted the need for integrating different subjects and placing a stronger focus on practical clinical skills. Participants emphasized the importance of a curriculum that keeps pace with advancements in medicine, such as genomics and artificial intelligence, while also addressing mental health. Specifically, they suggested combining anatomy and surgery courses, incorporating more active learning techniques, and utilizing ongoing assessments to gauge progress.

Conclusion The study highlights the necessity of eliminating curricular redundancy in medical education. Recommendations include developing a flexible curriculum, emphasizing region-specific content, and implementing a formative assessment system. Additionally, the importance of faculty development and stakeholder involvement in curriculum design is emphasized.

Key Message

Key insights for updating the medical undergraduate curriculum include the following:
Intracranial Off-Midline Mature Teratoma and Pneumosinus Dilatans: A Unique Clinical Report
Authors: Demir Mustafa Kemal , Yapıcıer Ozlem , Kılıç Deniz , Kılıc Turker
Published: October 2024

Teratomas typically arise as midline lesions in the suprasellar and pineal regions. Pneumosinus dilatans is a rare condition characterized by the expansion of one or more of the paranasal sinuses and thinning of their bony walls with a normal covering mucosa. It usually involves the sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinuses and has been associated with meningiomas and arachnoid cysts. Off-midline mature teratomas are uncommon, and no reports have described an association with pneumosinus dilatans. We present a rare association between an intracranial off-midline mature teratoma and pneumosinus dilatans in an 18-year-old male patient who presented with a second episode of a left-sided seizure, which has not yet been reported in the literature.
Superorders and terahertz acoustic modes in multiferroic BiFeO3/LaFeO3 superlattices
Authors: Gu R. , Xu R. , Delodovici F. , Carcan B. , Khiari M. , Vaudel G. , Juvé V. , Weber M. C. , Poirier A. , Nandi P. , Xu B. , Gusev V. E. , Bellaiche L. , Laulhé C. , Jaouen N. , Manuel P. , Dkhil B. , Paillard C. , Yedra L. , Bouyanfif H. , Ruello P.
Published: October 2024

Superlattices are materials created by the alternating growth of two chemically different materials. The direct consequence of creating a superlattice is the folding of the Brillouin zone, which gives rise to additional electronic bands and phonon modes. This phenomenon has been successfully exploited to achieve new transport and optical properties in semiconductor superlattices. Here, we show that multiferroic BiFeO3/LaFeO3 superlattices exhibit several structural orders parallel and perpendicular to the growth direction, not existing in individual bulk materials. Using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and first-principles calculations, we reveal in particular a new long-range order of tilted FeO6 octahedra, with a period along the growth direction about twice that of the chemical supercell, i.e., a superorder. The effect of this new structural order on the phonon dynamics is studied with ultrafast optical pump-probe experiments. While a folded-mode at 1.2 THz is attributed solely to the chemical modulation of the superlattice, the existence of another 0.7 THz mode seems to be explained only by a double Brillouin zone folding in agreement with the structural out-of-plane superorder. Our work shows that multiferroic BiFeO3/LaFeO3 superlattices can be used to tune the spectrum of coherent THz phonons, and potentially that of magnons or electromagnons.
Balancing act: evaluating non-target risks of feral cat management in conservation reserves
Authors: Cowan Mark , Drew Michelle , Macmahon Brian , Gibson Lesley A.
Published: October 2024

Context Predation by feral cats continues to place substantial pressure on native Australian wildlife, contributing to significant population declines and localised extirpations of susceptible species. In Western Australia (WA), the registration of the poison bait Eradicat® provides a tool to help manage these introduced predators, but only in areas where the risk to non-target species is considered acceptable. The red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura), a small carnivorous marsupial now restricted to vegetation remnants in the highly fragmented agricultural zone of south-western WA (i.e. the Wheatbelt), is one species that may be vulnerable to lethal ingestion. Aim To investigate the impact of repeated Eradicat® baiting, to control feral cats, on the activity levels of the red-tailed phascogale, focusing on populations in two Wheatbelt conservation reserves. Methods We established a novel approach to monitoring red-tailed phascogales by using tree-mounted camera trap arrays in an area with feral cat management using ground-delivered Eradicat® baits, and two control zones with no feral cat management. We examined changes in activity levels (detection rate and occupancy) based on camera trap detections, before and after Eradicat® application, across two autumn and two spring baiting events. We also investigated non-target bait uptake using camera traps. Key results Although a small number of baits (7/60) was removed by red-tailed phascogales from the field of view of a camera, our results showed no overall impact of Eradicat® on their activity levels within the study area. Tree-mounted camera traps proved to be highly effective and efficient at detecting red-tailed phascogales. To maximise camera detections, the optimal time for monitoring red-tailed phascogales is during autumn, prior to male die-off. Conclusions Our results suggested that the risk posed to red-tailed phascogale populations from the repeated use of Eradicat® baits is likely to be low. Implications Integrating the application of Eradicat® to control feral cats with existing fox control in conservation reserves that support populations of red-tailed phascogales is likely to pose minimal risk to the species.
Perspectives on virtual intercultural communication in the Irish-based technology sector
Authors: Flanagan Gail , Farr Fiona
Published: October 2024

This mixed-methods study investigates English-medium oral online intercultural communication within the
Irish-based international technology sector. The initial phase of the research consisted of a survey investigating participants’
(N = 113) experiences of virtual communication. Following the survey, to linguistically investigate such
interactions, the International Virtual Team Corpus (IVT Corpus) was created. This corpus consists of approximately 80,000 words
of transcribed speech gathered from 30 web-based recordings of meetings, which include both Irish and international colleagues
speaking in English. This paper reports on some of the relevant quantitative and qualitative survey results, uncovering both
preconceptions and embodied experiences of international virtual meetings. Following this, it presents corpus-based results of
significant frequent and keyword clusters that provide a window into the discourse patterns of international virtual team meetings
in this sector. Some tentative implications and applications for work-based virtual communication are explored in the closing
discussion.
Strain-tunable electronic and magnetic properties of two-dimensional CrSBr material
Authors: Moaied Mohammed , Salem Mahmoud A
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, particularly those with intrinsic magnetism, hold promise for next-generation spintronic devices due to their unique electronic and magnetic properties. This study investigates the impact of in-plane uniaxial and biaxial strain on the properties of monolayer CrSBr using density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. We demonstrate that strain engineering can effectively modulate the electronic band structure and Curie temperature (Tc) of the CrSBr monolayer. Under uniaxial strains, transitions from indirect to direct bandgaps are observed, enhancing semiconductor characteristics. Importantly, compressive strain along the y-direction significantly increases Tc, potentially approaching room temperature. These findings highlight the role of strain manipulation in tailoring the functionality of 2D magnetic materials, crucial for advancing spintronics and nanoelectronic applications.
Output performance analysis of a piezoelectric micro nuclear battery powered by radioisotopes
Authors: Yang Ruikai , Wang Zhongqiang , Li Lingfeng , Wang Xingyu , Chen Yu , Peng Jianshe , Yang Jie , Yang Liu
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the output performance (output voltage, electrical energy output, power output) of a piezoelectric micro nuclear battery powered by radioisotopes. The theoretical formulations are base on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and include the effects of load nonlinearity due to radioactive source. By employing extended Hamilton’s principle, the nonlinear electromechanical Lagrange equations are derived then solved by using Runge–Kutta method to obtain the dynamic output response. The results based on present electromechanical dynamic model are validated through direct comparisons with the results in the open literatures. The effects of initial gap, length of the piezoelectric layer, thickness of the collector and load impedance on the output voltage, energy output and power output of the piezoelectric micro nuclear battery are discussed in detail.
Heavy quark mass near the phase transition
Authors: Song Taesoo , Zhou Qi
Published: October 2024

Assuming that the number densities of heavy flavor in hadron gas and in QGP are same at T

c
, we obtain the effective mass of heavy quark at T

c
from the comparison with the hadron resonance gas model which well describes particle yield in heavy-ion collisions. We find that charm quark mass at vanishing baryon chemical potential is around 1.8 GeV which is much heavier than QCD bare mass and close to D meson mass. The mass slightly increases with increasing baryon chemical potential and then decreases. On the other hand, anticharm quark mass constantly decreases with increasing baryon chemical potential. Bottom quark mass has a similar pattern. Extending the hadron resonance gas model to a bit higher temperature beyond T

c
, the effective masses of charm and bottom quarks decrease with increasing temperature.
Deep learning-based spectrum sensing and modulation categorization for efficient data transmission in cognitive radio
Authors: E Vargil Vijay , K Aparna
Published: October 2024

One prominent feature of cognitive radio (CR) involves spectrum sensing (SS), which allows licensed primary users to remain unaffected by secondary users’ ability to discover and exploit unoccupied frequency bands. Spectrum sensing enhances the use of spectrum in CR devices, increasing their adaptability and efficiency in wireless communication systems. The rise of wireless equipment and the advent of IoT technologies compound this need for flexibility. Over time, the fixed allocation of frequencies has led to inefficiencies and underutilization as bandwidth needs increase. Deep learning and artificial intelligence have improved spectrum sensing by increasing detection probability of primary users’ presence under noisy environments, enabling cognitive radio systems to respond intelligently to fluctuations in RF environments. This article is concerned with deep learning techniques for spectrum sensing and modulation categorization with CBRT structure, which combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs), bidirectional recurrent neural networks (BRNNs), and transformer networks (TNs) to improve spectrum sensing. CNNs are responsible for performing spectrum feature extraction; BRNNs are used to capture temporal dependencies; and TNs are good at long range dependencies. Better performance for this model is aimed by integrating the three architectures described. In the proposed work, six digital modulation schemes were considered, for spectrum sensing. The sensing of spectrum in this model is performed using the RadioML2016.10B open-source dataset and performance metrics like the Jaccard Index (JI), Fowlkes’s Mallows Index, and F1 Score. Modulation classification has been performed using MIGOU-MOD open-source dataset. The proposed model exhibits good detection probability and low sensing error, unlike other methods at lower SNR.
ECW assisted plasma startup with low toroidal electric field and full metal wall in EAST superconducting tokamak
Authors: Liu Wenbin , Qian Jinping , Sun Hongjuan , Kim Hyun-Tae , Chen Runze , Zhang Bin , Xu Handong , Luo Zhengping , Yu Yaowei , Gao Wei , Ti Ang , Zhao Hailin , Liu Haiqing , Wang Shouxin , Zhang Ling , Zuo Guizhong , Li Pan , Li Kedong , Jia Tianqi , Wang Zuhao , Wang Wei , Gaun Zhongfang , Guo Yutong , Gong Xianzu ,   the EAST Team
Published: October 2024

Recent experimental results from the EAST superconducting tokamak with a full metal wall (without Li-coating) provide strong support for the ITER startup scheme with electron cyclotron wave (ECW) assistance. Detailed investigations were performed on the impact of different magnetic field geometries, including quadrupolar field configuration (QFC), wide null field configuration (NFC), and trapped particle configuration (TPC). All three configurations enabled the breakdown of neutral gas with ECW pre-ionization. However, in most discharges with QFC, the absence of closed flux surfaces after the breakdown was associated with unsuccessful plasma startups. Conversely, both NFC and TPC achieved successful plasma startups under normal conditions, with TPC demonstrating higher robustness against high impurity levels compared to NFC. Experiments found that the minimum ECW power required for a successful TPC startup is approximately 0.48 MW. Plasma startup failed if the prefill gas pressure exceeded optimal levels for a given ECW power (

⩾

0

.48

MW), with the critical gas pressure linearly dependent on the ECW power. Additionally, higher ECW power was required with increased impurity levels. With ECW assistance, the toroidal electric field at

R
=
1.85

 m

in EAST routine operations (

<

0.15

 V

m

−
1

) is significantly lower than ITER’s maximum value (0.3 V m−1), suggesting the possibility of reducing flux consumption and lowering demands on coils and power supplies for ITER.
Fast pressure crash related to m/n = 3/2 double tearing mode
Authors: Lu X.Q. , Guo W. , Ma Z.W. , Zhang W.
Published: October 2024

The CLT code is employed to quantitatively investigate how a single destabilization of the m/n = 3/2 double tearing mode (DTM) and sequential destabilizations of multi-DTMs affect the pressure crash. The focus is on the explosive reconnection process, characterized by kinetic energy bursts and the position exchange of islands on two resonant surfaces. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that pressure crashes related to the 3/2 DTM can be manipulatable by modifying the q-profile. Precursor bursts impact the behavior of the 3/2 DTM but do not significantly contribute to pressure collapse, which mainly occurs during the destabilization of the 3/2 DTM. The sequential reconnecting DTMs of different helicities culminating in a 3/2 DTM with a pressure crash may decrease the overall amplitude of the pressure crash, thereby mitigating the destructive impact of the pressure crash on plasma confinement.
Fabrication and electroadhesion properties of parylene-coated carbon fiber arrays
Authors: Ai Lan , Liu Tingting , Zai Mingmin , Hou Lizhen , Wang Shiliang
Published: October 2024

Parylene-coated carbon fiber (CF) arrays with tunable inclination angles and heights were fabricated using oxygen plasma etching of composite wafers with embedded parallel CFs, followed by parylene coating via chemical vapor deposition. The effective elastic modulus of the CF arrays was found to decrease approximately in proportion to the square of the fiber length (5–60 μm), with the parylene coating (∼2 μm) further slightly reducing the modulus. Both experimental measurements and finite element simulations indicated that CF arrays with inclination angles below 75° exhibit ideal contact with glass wafers during electrostatic adhesion. However, the measured electrostatic adhesion between CF arrays and A4 paper was significantly lower than the predicted value for ideal contact, likely due to the porous nature of the paper. Electrostatic chuck prototypes based on the parylene-coated CF arrays demonstrated effective pick-and-place capabilities for A4 paper, plastic films, and glass wafers at voltages ranging from 500 to 900 V, without causing surface damage or leaving residue. These results highlight the potential of the parylene-coated CF arrays for applications in high-precision manufacturing and automated handling systems.