bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Farewell to the Man in the Red Beret, Enter the Man in the White Silk Mitre: ‘There is a Crack in Everything, That's How the Light Gets in’
Authors: McLaren Peter
Published: September 2013

This essay examines the legacy of the late President of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez Frias. Shortly after the death of President Chávez, Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected the 266th and current pope of the Catholic Church and took the name, Francis. The essay contrasts the demonization of Hugo Chávez by the Western corporate media with the adulation of the newly elected Pope. The author recounts his work in Venezuela building socialism as part of the Bolivarian Revolution initiated by the Chávez government. The Bolivarian Revolution has been a powerful challenge to the catastrophe of finance capitalism and has helped Venezuela's poor tremendously. The author then discusses the traditional role of the Catholic Church in Latin America to protect the class of wealth and property. He notes the controversy surrounding the role Pope Francis played during the days of the military dictatorship in Argentina where the Pope was serving as a bishop of the Church. Some reason to be optimistic about the new pope is contained in the view of liberation theologian Leonardo Boff, and the author ends his commentary with this note of optimism. Chávez's legacy, however, is already assured, at least among the poor and the powerless of Las Americas, who will continue to revere him as a popular saint.
Financial Reporting versus Tax Incentives and Repatriation under the 2004 Tax Holiday
Authors: Morrow Michaele , Ricketts Robert C.
Published: September 2013

We analyze the repatriation behavior of U.S. multinational corporations under the tax holiday implemented as part of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. Our results suggest that tax incentives, as reflected in differences between firms' effective foreign tax rates, do not appear to be significant predictors of either participation in the tax holiday or the amounts repatriated by firms that chose to participate. In contrast, differences in financial reporting incentives were significant predictors of both participation in the holiday and the amounts repatriated. Not surprisingly, we find that firms appear to have chosen between repatriation of permanently versus temporarily deferred foreign earnings based on how the source of repatriation impacted their GAAP financial statements. Moreover, our results suggest that many firms chose to participate in the holiday only to the extent necessary to achieve financial reporting goals. Overall, our results suggest that financial reporting incentives appear to have been much more important to firms than tax savings in choosing whether and to what extent to participate in the holiday. Indeed, many firms appear to have viewed the act principally as an opportunity to manage reported GAAP income, rather than as an opportunity to reduce their U.S. tax costs.
The Effect of Changes in Decision Aid Bias on Learning: Evidence of Functional Fixation
Authors: Beck Grant M. , Limor Rina , Arunachalam Vairam , Wheeler Patrick R.
Published: September 2013

Building on prior accounting research (Luft and Shields 2001; Dearman and Shields 2005), this study examines the effects of observable decision aid bias on decision aid agreement and task performance accuracy. Using a behavioral experiment, this study manipulates decision aid bias to assess the impact of a change in the level of decision aid bias on the degree to which decision makers' decisions agree with decision aid suggestions (i.e., decision aid agreement) and to which they learn to effectively adjust their decisions (i.e., task performance accuracy). Results indicate that learning subsequent to an observable change in decision aid bias is diminished, consistent with fixation on the previous aid's bias.

JEL Classifications: D8; D83; M4
Deep submersion: Severe phenotype of deciduous-molar infraocclusion with biological associations
Authors: Shalish Miriam , Har-Zion Gilad , Zini Avraham , Harari Doron , Chaushu Stella
Published: September 2013

Objective:

To evaluate the clinical manifestation of and treatment modalities for this severe phenotype of infraocclusion and to examine relationships between deep submersion and the occurrence of other dental anomalies.

Materials and Methods:

The experimental sample consisted of 25 orthodontic patients with at least one deciduous molar in infraocclusion greater than 5 mm. Dental records were used to assess severity of infraocclusion, treatment modality, and presence of other dental anomalies (tooth agenesis, small maxillary lateral incisors, palatally displaced canines, and distal angulation of mandibular second premolars).

Results:

The sample included 14 females and 11 males, age 7 to 14 years (mean age 10.1 years). The mean infraocclusion depth was 9 mm, with a range of 5–18 mm. The crowns of the adjacent teeth were severely tilted toward the infraoccluded tooth, space was lost in the dental arch, and the successor premolars were impacted in all cases. Treatment consisted of space regaining, surgical extraction of the deciduous molar, and space maintenance. The impacted premolar erupted spontaneously in 95% of the cases. There was a significant increase in prevalence of dental anomalies in the deep-submersion sample compared with that of reference values (P < .001).

Conclusions:

The treatment modality used in this sample resulted in spontaneous eruption of the impacted premolar in most cases. Markers for early diagnosis of deep submersion include other dental anomalies, severe tilt of adjacent teeth, and local space loss. The increased prevalence of other dental anomalies supports a shared genetic etiology.
Optimizing the operation of a photovoltaic generator by a genetically tuned fuzzy controller
Authors: Drir Nadia , Barazane Linda , Loudini Malik
Published: September 2013

This paper presents design and application of advanced control scheme which integrates fuzzy logic concepts and genetic algorithms to track the maximum power point in photovoltaic system. The parameters of adopted fuzzy logic controller are optimized using genetic algorithm with innovative tuning procedures. The synthesized genetic algorithm which optimizes fuzzy logic controller is implemented and tested to achieve a precise control of the maximum power point response of the photovoltaic generator. The performance of the adopted control strategy is examined through a series of simulation experiments which prove good tracking properties and fast response to changes of different meteorological conditions such as isolation or temperature.
Observer-based fault estimation for linear systems with distributed time delay
Authors: Filasová Anna , Gontkovič Daniel , Krokavec Dušan
Published: September 2013

The paper is engaged with the framework of designing adaptive fault estimation for linear continuous-time systems with distributed time delay. The Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional principle is enforced by imposing the integral partitioning method and a new equivalent delaydependent design condition for observer-based assessment of faults are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Asymptotic stability conditions are derived and regarded with respect to the incidence of structured matrix variables in the linear matrix inequality formulation. Simulation results illustrate the design approach, and demonstrates power and performance of the actuator fault assessment.
Effects of sliding surface on the performances of adaptive sliding mode slip ratio controller for a HEV
Authors: Dash Basanta Kumar , Subudhi Bidyadhar
Published: September 2013

Slip ratio control of a ground vehicle is an important concern for the development of antilock braking system (ABS) to avoid skidding when there is a transition of road surfaces. In the past, the slip ratio models of such vehicles were derived to implement ABS. It is found that the dynamics of the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is nonlinear, time varying and uncertain as the tire-road dynamics is a nonlinear function of road adhesion coefficient and wheel slip. Sliding mode control (SMC) is a robust control paradigm which has been extensively used successfully in the development of ABS of a HEV. But the SMC performance is influenced by the choice of sliding surface. This is due to the discontinuous switching of control force arising in the vicinity of the sliding surface that produces chattering. This paper presents a detailed study on the effects of different sliding surfaces on the performances of sliding mode based adaptive slip ratio control applied to a HEV.
The Identification of Sustainable Supply Chain Elements in The Enterprise X
Authors: Bajdor Paula
Published: September 2013

Today, operating on the market, enterprises, to a lesser or greater extent, try to carry out their activities in such a way to minimize the possible negative impact on the environment. In most companies, the analysis of its supply chains can identify them as "green supply chains", which primarily involves not harming the natural environment. However, the further development of this concept is "sustainable supply chain", the chain that means not only protection of the environment but also means caring for the closest social environment together with economic development of the company. As opposed to green supply chains, it is still difficult to identify a sustainable supply chain in Polish enterprises. For the research purpose, the interview sheet has been created, based on the answers provided by the companies it is possible to further identify and determine the elements that make up a sustainable supply chain. This article presents an interview sheet with the answers given by one of the companies investigated
The Impact of Sustainable Development on Organizational Culture at S.C. Automobile Dacia S.A.
Authors: Isac Nicoleta , Tomescu Crenguta Ileana
Published: September 2013

Culture today is undoubtedly a factor of a company’s success. Whether known or less known, organizational culture and management companies support efforts to increase efficiency, effectiveness and market competitiveness. Improvement, diversification and training are important goals of strategic importance and a prerequisite to put into practice the principles of medium and long-term sustainable development. At a time when economies of scale can decide which vehicle manufacturers can stay or disappear on the market, our paper aims to analyze the organizational and managerial culture in the SC Automobile Dacia SA, as it results from a questionnaire administered to its employees
Emerging clinical importance of the cancer biomarkers kallikrein-related peptidases (KLK) in female and male reproductive organ malignancies
Authors: Schmitt Manfred , Magdolen Viktor , Yang Feng , Kiechle Marion , Bayani Jane , Yousef George M. , Scorilas Andreas , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Dorn Julia
Published: September 2013

Background. Tumor tissue-associated KLKs (kallikrein-related peptidases) are clinically important biomarkers that may allow prognosis of the cancer disease and/or prediction of response/failure of cancer patients to cancerdirected drugs. Regarding the female/male reproductive tract, remarkably, all of the fifteen KLKs are expressed in the normal prostate, breast, cervix uteri, and the testis, whereas the uterus/endometrium and the ovary are expressing a limited number of KLKs only.

Conclusions. Most of the information regarding elevated expression of KLKs in tumor-affected organs is available for ovarian cancer; depicting them as valuable biomarkers in the cancerous phenotype. In contrast, for breast cancer, a series of KLKs was found to be downregulated. However, in breast cancer, KLK4 is elevated which is also true for ovarian and prostate cancer. In such cases, selective synthetic KLK inhibitors that aim at blocking the proteolytic activities of certain KLKs may serve as future candidate therapeutic drugs to interfere with tumor progression and metastasis.
The level and trends of the body function asymmetry changes in deaf adolescents aged 14 - 16
Authors: Wieczorek Marta
Published: September 2013

Introduction: This work is a part of the population studies conducted among deaf children and adolescents, aged 7 - 19, in Poland under the government’s grant. The aim of this study was to determine the level and trends of the somatic and motor skills development changes. The body lateralization was one of the diagnosed parameters.

Material and methods: The research was conducted in 24 centers for deaf children localized on the Polish territory. A total of 1194 subjects were examined including 482 girls and 712 boys. In the group of subjects aged 14 to 16 was 415 people including 161 girls and 254 boys. The lateralization evaluation was made using the Wroclaw Asymmetry test. The direction and the profile of functional asymmetry in the examined age groups were determined; the assessment of the change trends and the dimorphic diversity in the 14 to 16 years of age group was carried out.

Results: Analysis of obtained results showed that the level of lateralization in the deaf, aged 14 to 16 years, is high and similar to the trends known from the ontogenesis in normal hearing subjects. An eye was the higher oriented organ and a lower limb - the lower. The right handiness was most often observed as to the handiness. The dominant profile was the determined uniform one. Both the direction and the profile are making significantly differentiating girls from boys. In the age between 14 and 16 years of age the body lateralization changes occur and they are especially visible in organs characterized by the low lateralization.

Conclusions: Lateralization is an important process in human development, because its established level determines the proper action. Children with impaired lateralization often have learning difficulties, both intellectual and motor. Diagnosing the level of lateralization is therefore an important area for educational activities that could help to stimulate the process of lateralization and thus to prevent developmental abnormalities in pupils.
The levels of engagement in sport activity by partners and athletes in the teams of unified football during Special Olympics
Authors: Dangel Katarzyna , Skowroński Waldemar
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Unified Sports are the official programme of Special Olympics, which brings together people with intellectual disabilities (athletes) with their peers with no such disabilities (partners) in teams, in trainings and during competitions.

The aim: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the level of engagement in sport activity by partners and athletes in the teams of unified football programme during Special Olympics.

Materials and methods: 206 participants - 113 athletes and 93 partners - from the teams of unified football programme took part in the research in Poland. The average age among the athletes was 15.5, and among the partners 15.7. The results obtained are just a fraction of deeper, international research done with the use of a questionnaire by the University of Ulster in 2009-2010.

Results: All the people surveyed like taking part in both trainings and competitions. Around 70% like both of them a lot, 30% enjoy them a bit. In accordance with the answer to the question “How often did you try to do your best in a competition?” one can assume that all the people in the group were highly engaged in the game - 54% all the time, 46% sometimes. All the people questioned claim that their team is competitive - 51% believe it to be very competitive, 48% quite competitive. The partners believed that trainings were more challenging for the athletes than for them. Substantially more partners state that the athletes were doing their best in a competition when compared with the opinion of the athletes themselves.

Conclusions: The results prove that the aims of the programme for Unified Sports are realized properly. The fact that all the participants find pleasure in doing sports and that they positively assess the competitiveness of their team explains why all of them are so engaged in sports activity. It means that the programme is really valuable and can develop in a positive way. Research on the motives of taking part in Unified Sports and relations between athletes and partners should, therefore, be continued.
The effect of intravaginal electrical stimulation on the quality of life and changes in function and anatomy of pelvic floor in women with stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Erica Carneiro , Nazete Araùjo , Samaria Cader , Aluizio Fonseca , Leila Bittencourt , Stefanie Mendes , Estélio Dantas
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI), according to the Committee of the International Continence Society Standards, is defined as any involuntary urine loss associated to exertion conditions. This urine loss can be called Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) and when the detrusor muscle becomes inactive

Material and methods: The goal of this study was verifying intravaginal electrical stimulation effects on bladder floor mobility, pelvic floor muscles´ width, their contraction ability and the quality of life of 40 women whose age ranged from 35 to 55 and who were diagnosed with Stress Urinary Incontinence disorder. They were split into two groups: Geletro (underwent 16 perineal electrical stimulation sessions) and control group, Gc (no intervention). The variables were respectively evaluated by the following instruments: transvaginal ultrassonography (Toshiba trademark), Phenix electromyographic biofeedback and King´s Health Questionnaire.

Results: The results were bladder floor mobility reduction (Δ% = -9,13%, p=0,0930), width increase on pelvic floor muscles (Δ% = 11,64%, p= 0,2924), both not significant, muscle strength increase due to biofeedback (Δ% =60,49%, p= 0,0001) and to AFA* (Δ% = 24,53%, p=0,0001), and significant decrease of all questionnaire scores: DOM 1 (Δ% = -50,00%, p = 0,000), DOM 2 (Δ% = -55,14%, p= 0,005), DOM 3 (Δ% =-74,98 %, p= 0,002), DOM 4 (Δ% = -73,87%, p= 0,002), DOM 5 (Δ% = -68,91%, p= 0,001), DOM 6 (Δ% = -85,90%, p= 0,000), DOM 7 (Δ% = -72,48%, p= 0,014), DOM 8 (Δ% =-71,88 %, p= 0,030), DOM 9Δ% =-73,29 %, p= 0,023)

Conclusions: The Geletro group in comparison to the Gc which showed that intravaginal electrical stimulation improved the pelvic floor anatomically and functionally and also the quality of life of Geletro group. Stress Urinary Incontinence improvement could only be subjectively demonstrated.
Effect of Kinesiology Taping method on pain reduction after rib broken – initial report
Authors: Czyżewski Piotr , Hałas Ireneusz , Kopytiuk Renata , Domaniecki Janusz , Szczepkowski Marek
Published: September 2013

Introduction: The rib broken are most frequent damages of chest. They cause strong pain, and make difficulties in breathing and changing position of body. Uncomplicated breakdowns are cured by analgesics drugs. One of physical methods for pain decreasing in musculoskeletal dysfunctions is kinesiotaping. The aim of this study was assessment of effectiveness Kinesiology Taping method after rib broken and their influence on pain reduction and breathing parameters.

Material and methods : In this study take part 14 patients after broken one or few ribs from General and Colorectal Surgery Clinic Bielanski Hospital in Warsaw.

Breathing parameters was controlled by forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory voluntary in first second(FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Pain was asses by visual analogue scale (VAS) separately for three situations: deep breathing, provoked coughing and changing body position from supine to seating. Next K-Active Tape® apply on skin over the broken rib. After 15 minutes breathing parameters and pain level assessing was repeated.

Results: There were difference between pain level before and after K-Active Tape® apply in three different situations. It shown difference in value of average points VAS in changing body position from supine to seating (p= 0,015), provoked coughing (p= 0,022) and deep breathing (p= 0,023). It means that pain was significantly decrees. Analysis of average value breathing parameters indicate upward trend FVC, FEV1 and PEF after Kinesiology Taping application, but it wasn’t statistically significant.

Conclusions: Kinesiology Taping is safety, supplementary method for heeling posttraumatic ribs condition. Apply lymphatic and ligament techniques using K-Active Tape® could be effectiveness method of reduction pain after ribs broken. It’s necessary to continue research on effectiveness Kinesiology Taping after ribs broken with extend methodology.
Analysis of preparation for the Paralympics Games in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008 of athletes with visual impairment, practicing athletics middle distance runs
Authors: Bednarczuk G. , Rutkowska I. , Molik B. , Skowroński W. , Morgulec – Adamowicz N.
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Paralympics Games (PG) are most important sports event for athletes with disability. Preparation to the most important start in the season, requires from the coach knowledge about methods and forms of training, the use of which is the foundation for success. Meet the expectations of practitioners (coaches and trainers) and cognitive purposes, one analyzed and evaluated, training in preparation for the IP in 2004 and 2008 athletes with visual impairment (V.I.).

Material and methods: The evaluation assessed the two annual cycles of athletes with V.I. (n = 4), practicing athletics middle distance runs, followed the PG in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008. The method was based on an analysis of trainings documentation which included: number of repetitions used in the training and the way of their implementation. For the analysis was used program TREOB 4.0. Identification and classification of the training was done on the basis of the register groups of training in the middle and long distance runs.

Results:Structure of the workout was characterized by intensive use of special means of preparation, carried out in 2 and 3 level of intensity, in both analyzed cycles (respectively 60 and 14 and 56, and 12% of the total loads). It was observed global decline in the volume of training loads, by the increase of training realized in the higher levels of intensity (3 - 5) in the cycle 2007/08 compared to 2003/04 cycle. The dynamics of the dominant groups in both cycles, shows a similar course. It was observed a large volume of training loads during the preparatory period, then its decline as one approach to the starts season. Comparison of results obtained by the athletes in 2004 and 2008, shows increasing levels of their performance in the analyzed group.

Conclusions: Comparing the results obtained in 2008, progress has been made in respect of 2004, which may indicate a properly planned and completed the training cycle. The nature (type of work and intensity), the dominant means of training, satisfy the requirements.
Body stability of the elderly in the aspect of their daily physical activity
Authors: Famuła Anna , Nowotny Janusz , Nowotny-Czupryna Olga , Szymańska Joanna , Kita Beata
Published: September 2013

One of the problems of the elderly is to reduce the efficiency of regulation of the balance of the body, often resulting in deterioration of their stability and falls. Whole physical activity is one of the elements which in a measurable way are affecting the ability to function independently in society. Efforts are, therefore, studies aimed at understanding the impact of physical activity on the level of balance control in the elderly and attempts to develop the best strategy for prevention and promotion physical activity

The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of the regulation of body balance and stability in the elderly in terms of their daily physical activity

Material and methods: The study included 66 people aged over 65 years of age. Based on questionnaire it was identified the level of health and current level of physical activity. Basic stabilometric parameters were evaluated using AccuGait platform while maintaining a standing upright posture with and without visual control and while the platform was set horizontally and tiltable in four basic directions. Also performed attempts to tilt the body to the limit of stability in four basic directions.

The results: Based on analysis of the path length, speed and size swingings fields, it was found that in people who are less active physically disabling visual control did not start a sufficient mechanisms of the body balance control, especially when the base of support is not positioned horizontally. These patients also showed a significant the lack of skills of narrowing the margin of safety when the body was leaned to the back

Conclusions:Seniors with lower levels of physical activity are generally characterized by lower sensitivity of proprioception. Older people who are less physically active showed deterioration of stability of the body especially in the direction to the back. Physical activity associated only with functioning independently in the home environment may not be a sufficient stimulus of maintenance the efficiency of elderly.
Physical capacity in elderly women
Authors: Magiera Andrzej , Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna , Wiszomirska Ida , Olszewska Ewelina
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Physical fitness has a direct impact on daily motor function. The level of fitness generally increases with age to reach a maximal level for a given individual at around 20-30 years of age, after which it begins to gradually decrease - with the pace of the decrease depending on the type of physical activity engaged in. At every age, physical fitness can be improved by the right physical training. One factor that frequently limits participation in various types of physical activity is insufficient free time. Older individuals frequently have more free time, yet do not spend it in an active way. At the same time, elderly individuals are becoming an increasingly sizeable group within society. That means that soon a large share of Poland's population will consist of individuals with low motor fitness. To mitigate this, organizations are being formed where older individuals can participate in motor-exercise classes. This type of activity can have a positive impact on the condition of older individuals, who represent an ever-larger part of society. It is thus possible to boost the physical fitness of the elderly, and doing so is very important for this population segment's health.

The objective of this study is to identify the level of physical fitness of elderly individuals who participate in the Third Age University at the Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw, and to trace the evolution of their physical fitness after 3 months of motor-exercise classes.

Materials and methods: The physical fitness of 31 women was tested. All were female participants in the Third Age University at the Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw. The mean age of the subjects was 65.3 years (SD 4.42), with mean body mass 66.4 kg (SD 7,44) and mean height 157.7cm (SD 5,11). Their body mass index (BMI) ranged between 21.5 and 31.7, with the mean value being 26.5. The test was conducted twice, after an interval of 3 months. The objective was to identify an exercise regime that would cause a given individual's heart rate to increase to 130 bpm.

Results: The individuals studied showed a low level of physical fitness. A 3 month period was sufficient to effect an improvement in the physical fitness of elderly individuals

Conclusions:

1. Physical capacity subjects is low.

2. Using regular physical activity adapted specifically for the needs of older people can improve physical performance in elderly people.

3. A period of three months is sufficient to improve physical performance in the elderly.
The impact of ambulatory rehabilitation to change of the effort parameters after myocardial infarction in patients of different physical capacity
Authors: Pabisiak Anna , Małek Weronika , Lisowska Małgorzata , Smoleński Olgierd
Published: September 2013

Introduction: the aim of the study was an attempt to verify the impact of cardiac training on the effort parameters in patients of different physical capacity.

Material and methods: the study included 61 ambulatory patients after hospital treatment due to acute myocardial infarction. Two different groups was separated on the base of the first treadmill test: a group of 28 patients of low tolerance (3.17 ± 0.67 MET) and a group of 33 persons of higher effort tolerance (7,21 ± 1,85 MET). For estimation of physical efficiency before and after completing 24 training sessions (8 weeks) treadmill test with perceiving fatigue in Borg scale, measurement of ejection fraction, NYHA classification of heart failure, CCS classification coronary heart disease and BMI were performed. The students t-test was used to analyze the data.

Results: after training physical efficiency increased significantly 5,36 ± 2,48 MET vs. 7,48 ± 2,61 MET (p < 0.001) in all patients. Significant differences were observed in two groups: patients of low effort tolerance 3.17 ± 0.67 vs. 5,63 ± 1.83 (p < 0,001) and patients of higher effort tolerance 7,21 ± 1,85 vs. 9,06 ± 2,07 (p < 0.001). The value of the EF significantly increased only in the group of low tolerance 55,20% ± 10.04 vs. 57,70% ± 10,57 (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the level of fatigue at the top of treadmill, in the scale of the NYHA , CCS and BMI in both groups.

Conclusions: Significant improvement of physical efficiency in both groups was observed, but ejection fraction was increased only in patients of low effort tolerance. Cardiac ambulatory rehabilitation should be recommended especially for patients of low effort tolerance after myocardial infarction.
Comparison of effects therapy of stretching and muscle energy technics in women with neck pain – preliminary report
Authors: Jakub Stępnik , Krzysztof Klukowski
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Therapeutic use of exercises and methods of increasing the range of motion in the joints is present in many rehabilitation programs. In addition to improving the range of motion may decrease pain , there may be improvement of the status of psychophysical status, the streamlining of the activities of daily living and the restoration of harmony between the antagonistic groups of muscles.

The aim of the work was to assess whether stretching and postisometric relaxation are an effective methods of increasing the range of motion and reduction of pain and which of that therapeutic applications is more effective. In addition, set out the factors having significant impact on the neck pain ailments.

Material and methods: In the investigation took part 20 women with neck pain, which are divided into two groups. The first group perform postisometric relaxation and the second stretching. Exploring the range of motion of the head and neck, and pain before and after therapy. To investigate factors affecting pain ailments used the survey.

Results: in both groups, there has been significant increase in range of motion. There was no significant difference between the groups. In the group has been performing postisometric relaxation note significant much improvement of reducing pain ailments than in the second group. The survey revealed that the factors most influencing pain ailments on the neck are: the seating position, sleeping in the wrong position and level of physical activity.

Conclusions: many studies shown that both stretching and postisometric relaxation are an effective methods of increasing the range of motion in the joints. Most of the work shown better results after postisometric relaxation treatment than stretching. The results presented in the work of the show the effectiveness of two methods to increase range of motion and only method of postisometric relaxation in reducing pain ailments.
Evaluation of the influence of Active Rehabilitation camps on the functional abilities in persons with tetraplegia
Authors: Furmaniuk Lech , Cywińska-Wasilewska Grażyna
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Every year, about 400 new patients with tetraplegia arise in Poland. The solution ensuring the continuation of the rehabilitation process of such patients is the activity of non-governmental organizations associating disabled people. Among them Foundation of Active Rehabilitation (FAR) has greatest experience in rehabilitation of people after SCI. Annually, about 70 persons with tetraplegia participate in Active Rehabilitation (AR) camps.

Aim of this study was to estimate the influence of AR camps on the functional abilities in persons with tetraplegia.

Material and methods: 40 men with tetraplegia were examined. Subjects were divided into two groups: participants of AR camps (group A, n=20) and control (group B, n=20). TheASIA motor score was used to estimate the degree of upper limb impairment. Functional Independence Measure (FIM)was used to assess functional abilities. All subjects were assessed in the beginning of the study and reassessed after 8 days. Results: Both groups during preliminary investigation were homogeneous under regard the ASIA motor score as well as the results of FIM. During final investigations significant improvement of FIM was noted only in group A. The mean value of FIM significantly increased about 10.8 points. In group A significant correlation between FIM scores and ASIA motor score were found (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Improvement of functional skills among patients with tetraplegia which participated in AR camps was observed. The highest improvement in FIM was observed among persons with a C6 tetraplegia. Obtained results (ceiling effect) through of examined persons from C7 tetraplegia were suggested the need of applying more sensitive tests.
Susceptibility to injury during a fall among blind children
Authors: Boguszewski Dariusz , Zabłocka Martyna , Adamczyk Jakub
Published: September 2013

Introduction: The aim of this study was examine the relationship between ability of safe falls and occurrence injuries from the effect of falls, among blind children.

Material and methods: More than one hundred children (10-16 years old) was in research and control groups. In the research group was 51 blind people, in control group 66 sighted in a proper manner. Test of Susceptibility to Injury During the Falls (TSIDF) by Kalina and interview directed to determine the number and frequency of falls and their consequences (number and type of injuries) and selected lifestyle factors were used as a research tools.

Results: Blind children made more mistakes in test (TSIDF) than their non-disabled peers (although they are trained to safe falls). This may prove that a high susceptibility to injury of the children from the research group. However blind people had more injuries after the falls. Study confirmed positive effect of physical activity on the level of safe falls skills.

Conclusion: Physical fitness, physical activity and especially exercises of safe falls skills can be important element of prevention of falls. This concern to high-risk groups, such as blind people.
Influence of Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex on motor development of infants with hypotony of posture
Authors: Poklękowska Katarzyna , Suchocka Joanna
Published: September 2013

Introduction: One of the commonly used terms in the assessment of CNS functioning is muscle tone. In literature we can find many different and not standardized definitions. Postural tone depends on topographic distribution in proximal and distal parts of body and antigravital activity. For diagnostic and therapeutic purpose the term postural tone is used.

The aim of this study was to assess (monitoring) the psychomotor development of infants between 2 months and 2 years of life with abnormal posture tone (hypotonia of posture) and asymmetry of postural and motor patterns. Infants participated in NDT-Bobath therapeutic intervention.

Material and methods: 65 infants fulfilling specified criteria were examined during 2 years of prospective study. According to hypotonic type, infants were divided into two groups. The presence of asymmetrical tonic neck activity in spontaneous movements was coded in two-points scale (1 or 2).

Results: All infants were examined at first visit with INSITE developmental scale which displayed psychomotor retardation. At the age of 2 years, only 21,87% from first group and 100% from second group still were assessed as retarded.

Conclusions: Disintegrated activity ATOS decreased the level of motor development of 24-month-old infants even to 4 months of developmental age. In the second group, the number of infants with more disorders in quality of movement and decreased final developmental age is much bigger.
Research ethics – from ethos to regulations
Authors: Przyłuska-Fiszer Alicja
Published: September 2013

This paper has three aims. First, to present main principles for responsible conduct of research in the light of ethos of researchers and goals of science. Secondly, to describe the problem of scientific misconduct and strategies of preventing and dealing with it adopted by different Polish and international institutions. Thirdly, to analyze causes of growing institutionalization of research ethics
Research in physiotherapy – selected problems
Authors: Chudobina Aleksandra , Pilch Anna
Published: September 2013

Research in the field of physiotherapy creates some controversy. This article seeks to explore and find out the solutions for this issue. Two aspects are discussed: the difficulties in reconciling the specificity of physiotherapy research with methodological standards and the concerns related to patients’ participation in the research. These problems affect the physiotherapists involved in the creation of ethically and methodologically valuable research project. Physiotherapists conducting research struggle to reconcile two sets of values: the role of a researcher and the role of a professional helper. This article discusses the possibility of creating a valuable research project based on the methodological standards within EBM paradigm in relation to the practical aspects of physiotherapy, such as therapy effectiveness and patient-therapist interaction.
Ethical and legal aspects of scientific research on data collected in medical records
Authors: Staszewska Anna , Sierocka Aleksandra , Marczak Michał
Published: September 2013

Research on medical data is essential to the development of evidence based medicine. The use of medical data for scientific purposes must follow principles of good research practice and all relevant legal requirements. The aim of this article is to discuss ethical and legal aspects of processing, preparation and identification of medical data that were used by one of the authors for her doctoral research. The research deals with the black spots methods as a tool for minimizing risks of adverse events in medical setting. It must be stressed, that analyses presented in this article apply to research conducted by physicians as well as to research on medical data undertaken by representative of other medical professions, in particular physiotherapists.
To Be or Not to Be Invited Youth Sport: Young People’s Influence in Voluntary Sport
Authors: Larsson Lena , Meckbach Jane
Published: September 2013

Influence and the opportunity to have one’s voice heard are fundamental rights valid for all people, including also children and youths. Despite this, research shows that young people’s voices have received less attention and young people have no influence in many contexts in which they find themselves (Evans, 2007; Fundberg, 2009; Redelius, 2005). In Sweden, the emphasis on influence can be linked to the fact that the sport club activities of the Swedish state are seen as an important arena for the civic education of young people (The Swedish Sports Confederation, 2005, 2011). The aim of this study is to explore young coaches and their opportunities to influence in the Swedish sport clubs with focus on what the youths themselves say about influence and power. We use Bourdieus’ theories on social fields to bring to light which youths are chosen to be leaders and their possibilities to influence. The results show that for young coaches to have influence, both their habitus and capital are required to ‘match’ the social context into which they are entering. One way of maintaining power is not to change the accepted way of working, which excludes the young coaches from challenging in the battle for positions.
Above-water reflectance for the evaluation of adjacency effects in Earth observation data: initial results and methods comparison for near-coastal waters in the Western Channel, UK
Authors: Martinez-Vicente V. , Simis S. G. H. , Alegre R. , Land P. E. , Groom S. B.
Published: September 2013

Un-supervised hyperspectral remote-sensing reflectance data (<15 km from the shore) were collected from a moving research vessel. Two different processing methods were compared. The results were similar to concurrent Aqua-MODIS and Suomi-NPP-VIIRS satellite data.
Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patch of Stavudine
Authors: Kumar Sahoo Sunit , Behury Baurahari , Sachinkumar Patil
Published: September 2013

Stavudine has the half life of 1 to 1.5 hour and bioavailability in the body is 86% due to first-pass metabolism. The dose of stavudine is 40 mg two to three times daily depending on weight and gender; hence, it requires frequent dosing. Transdermal patch of stavudine was prepared to sustain the release and improve bioavailability of drug and patient compliance. Different formulations were prepared by using different concentrations of Eudragit RS 100 and Eudragit RL 100. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various parameters like weight, thickness, drug content, percentage moisture content, percentage moisture uptake, tensile strength, folding endurance, In vitro drug release and in vitro permeation studies. Also these patches were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier transforms Infrared Spectrosphotometry (FTIR). All formulations have shown 0 % constriction of the patches indicating 100% flatness of the transdermal patches. Thus, these formulations can maintain a smooth and uniform surface when they are functional onto skin. The folding endurance values of patches showed optimum flexibility of the patches. The moisture content and moisture uptake in the formulations of transdermal patch was found to be increased by increase in the concentration of Eudragit RS 100 and decreasing the concentration of Eudragit RL 100. FTIR study has shown absence of any interaction of the drug with the excipients. As concentration of Eudragit RL100 increased and subsequently the concentration of Eudragit RS100 decreased, the drug release was enhanced. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 63-69, 2013 (June) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16302
Evaluation of Bactericidal Action of Serum Collected from Paratyphoid Patients and Normal Human against Salmonella Paratyphi
Authors: Rabbee Md. Chhanaur , Shahriar Mohammad , Bhuyian Mohiuddin Ahmed , Islam Rishikesh , Islam Md. Asraful
Published: September 2013

A comparative study of susceptibility of clinical isolates of Salmonella Paratyphi to bactericidal action of S. Paratyphi infected human serum and uninfected human serum was investigated. Bactericidal action of S. Paratyphi infected human serum and uninfected human serum was assessed after incubating the bacterial suspension of S. Paratyphi with 40% of both infected and unifected human serum at various incubation times. Eight samples of S. Paratyphi infected serum from the patients diagnosed with paratyphoid fever were used. The investigation found that the serum killed S. Paratyphi both by classical and alternative pathways. Anti- S. Paratyphi antibodies for the bactericidal action of serum were examined by the assessment of bactericidal activity of non-immune normal human serum. Significant killing of S. Paratyphi by S. Paratyphi infected serum was investigated and the serum mediated killing was increased by increasing the incubation time. The mean growth declines gradually as the incubation time was increased. No noteworthy serum mediated killing was observed for normal human serum and inactivated (heat induced) S. Paratyphi infected serum. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 71-75, 2013 (June) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16303
Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Leaf Extract of Holigarna longifolia Roxb.
Authors: Ekram AE , Hoque KMF
Published: September 2013

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(1): 83-85, 2013 (June) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16305
Special Issue: “q-Series and Related Topics in Special Functions and Analytic Number Theory”—Foreword
Authors: Srivastava Hari
Published: September 2013

It is indeed a fairly common practice for scientific research journals and scientific research periodicals to publish special issues as well as conference proceedings. Quite frequently, these special issues are devoted exclusively to specific topics and/or are dedicated respectfully to commemorate the celebrated works of renowned research scientists. The following Special Issue: “q-Series and Related Topics in Special Functions and Analytic Number Theory” (see [1–8] below) is an outcome of the ongoing importance and popularity of such topics as Basic (or q-) Series and Basic (or q-) Polynomials. [...]
Fungal Beta-Glucosidases: A Bottleneck in Industrial Use of Lignocellulosic Materials
Authors: Sørensen Annette , Lübeck Mette , Lübeck Peter , Ahring Birgitte
Published: September 2013

Profitable biomass conversion processes are highly dependent on the use of efficient enzymes for lignocellulose degradation. Among the cellulose degrading enzymes, beta-glucosidases are essential for efficient hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass as they relieve the inhibition of the cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases by reducing cellobiose accumulation. In this review, we discuss the important role beta-glucosidases play in complex biomass hydrolysis and how they create a bottleneck in industrial use of lignocellulosic materials. An efficient beta-glucosidase facilitates hydrolysis at specified process conditions, and key points to consider in this respect are hydrolysis rate, inhibitors, and stability. Product inhibition impairing yields, thermal inactivation of enzymes, and the high cost of enzyme production are the main obstacles to commercial cellulose hydrolysis. Therefore, this sets the stage in the search for better alternatives to the currently available enzyme preparations either by improving known or screening for new beta-glucosidases.
Is Glioblastoma an Epigenetic Malignancy?
Authors: Maleszewska Marta , Kaminska Bozena
Published: September 2013

Epigenetic modifications control gene expression by regulating the access of nuclear proteins to their target DNA and have been implicated in both normal cell differentiation and oncogenic transformation. Epigenetic abnormalities can occur both as a cause and as a consequence of cancer. Oncogenic transformation can deeply alter the epigenetic information enclosed in the pattern of DNA methylation or histone modifications. In addition, in some cancers epigenetic dysfunctions can drive oncogenic transformation. Growing evidence emphasizes the interplay between metabolic disturbances, epigenomic changes and cancer, i.e., mutations in the metabolic enzymes SDH, FH, and IDH may contribute to cancer development. Epigenetic-based mechanisms are reversible and the possibility of “resetting” the abnormal cancer epigenome by applying pharmacological or genetic strategies is an attractive, novel approach. Gliomas are incurable with all current therapeutic approaches and new strategies are urgently needed. Increasing evidence suggests the role of epigenetic events in development and/or progression of gliomas. In this review, we summarize current data on the occurrence and significance of mutations in the epigenetic and metabolic enzymes in pathobiology of gliomas. We discuss emerging therapies targeting specific epigenetic modifications or chromatin modifying enzymes either alone or in combination with other treatment regimens.