bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symmetry and unification from soft theorems and unitarity
Authors: Cheung Clifford , Moss Zander
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We argue that symmetry and unification can emerge as byproducts of certain physical constraints on dynamical scattering. To accomplish this we parameterize a general Lorentz invariant, four-dimensional theory of massless and massive scalar fields coupled via arbitrary local interactions. Assuming perturbative unitarity and an Adler zero condition, we prove that any finite spectrum of massless and massive modes will necessarily unify at high energies into multiplets of a linearized symmetry. Certain generators of the symmetry algebra can be derived explicitly in terms of the spectrum and three-particle interactions. Furthermore, our assumptions imply that the coset space is symmetric.
Factors contributing to ice nucleation and sequential freezing of leaves in wheat
Authors: Livingston D. P. , Bertrand A. , Wisniewski M. , Tisdale R. , Tuong T. , Gusta L. V. , Artlip T.
Published: May 2021

Main conclusion

Anatomical,
metabolic and microbial factors were identified that contribute to sequential freezing in wheat leaves and likely contribute to supercooling in the youngest leaves and potentially meristematic regions.

Infrared thermography (IR) has been used to observe wheat leaves freezing independently and in an age-related sequence with older leaves freezing first. To determine mechanisms that might explain this sequence of freezing several analytical approaches were used: (1) The size of xylem vessels, in proximity to where freezing initiated, was measured to see if capillary freezing point depression explained sequential freezing. The sequence of freezing in the four youngest leaves was correlated, with the largest vessels freezing first. (2) Carbohydrate and amino acids were analyzed to determine if solute concentrations as well as interactions with membranes explained the freezing sequence. Sucrose was highly correlated to the freezing sequence for all leaves suggesting a prominent role for this sugar as compared to other simple sugars and fructans. Among individual free amino acids proline and serine were correlated to the freezing sequence, with younger leaves having the highest concentrations. (3) Microflora within and on leaf surfaces were determined to measure potential freezing initiation. Levels of bacteria and fungi were correlated to the freezing sequence for all leaves, and species or genera associated with high ice nucleation activity were absent in younger leaves. Moisture content and transcript expression of ice binding proteins were also measured. As expected, our results show that no single mechanism explains the freezing sequence observed via infrared analyses. While these multiple mechanisms are operative at different levels according to the leaf age, they seem to converge when it comes to the protection of vital meristematic tissues. This provides potential phenotypic characters that could be used by breeders to develop more winter-hardy genotypes.
Post-traumatic growth after cancer: a scoping review of qualitative research
Authors: Menger Fiona , Mohammed Halim Nurul Asyiqin , Rimmer Ben , Sharp Linda
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Interest is growing in post-traumatic growth (PTG) after cancer prompted, in part, by observations of positive associations with health-related quality of life. Qualitative research provides valuable insight into survivors’ experiences. We conducted a scoping review of qualitative evidence on PTG in cancer, determining the number, nature, range and scope of studies, and gaps in the literature.

Methods

We systematically searched Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for qualitative research exploring positive changes after cancer published from 1996. From eligible studies, we extracted: terms used for PTG; design, methodological orientation, and techniques, and participant characteristics. Using descriptive mapping, we explored whether study findings fit within Tedeschi and Calhoun’s PTG framework, and evidence for unique positive changes post-cancer.

Results

Twenty-eight studies were eligible. Cancer sites included were: breast, 14; mixed, 6; haematological, 4; head and neck cancer, 2; bone, 1, and testis, 1. Multiple studies were conducted in: the USA (12), Australia (3), Iran (2), and the UK (2). Twenty-three studies collected data using individual interviews (21) or focus groups (2). Definitions of PTG varied. Studies largely focused on descriptive accounts of PTG. Findings mapped onto existing PTG dimensions; health behaviour changes were often reported, under ‘new possibilities’.

Conclusions

A range of PTG outcomes can occur after cancer. Positive health behaviour changes warrant further exploration. Future research should include more diverse patient populations, collect longitudinal data, and focus on pathways towards positive changes.
Isothermic constrained Willmore tori in 3-space
Authors: Heller Lynn , Heller Sebastian , Ndiaye Cheikh Birahim
Published: May 2021

We show that the homogeneous and the 2-lobe Delaunay tori in the 3-sphere provide the only isothermic constrained Willmore tori in 3-space with Willmore energy below$$8\pi $$8π. In particular, every constrained Willmore torus with Willmore energy below$$8\pi $$8πand non-rectangular conformal class is non-degenerated.
Population genetics and geometric morphometrics of the freshwater snail Segmentina nitida reveal cryptic sympatric species of conservation value in Europe
Authors: Hobbs Christopher S. , Vega Rodrigo , Rahman Farzana , Horsburgh Gavin J. , Dawson Deborah A. , Harvey Christopher D.
Published: May 2021

Segmentina nitida Müller 1774 is a rare European freshwater snail of drainage ditches and marshland, which has seen a marked decrease in range (~ 80%) over the last 100 years in the UK. This has been attributed to over-dredging of drainage ditches for land management, conversion of grazing marshes to arable farmland, as well as eutrophication. Segmentina nitida is identified as a priority species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP) that recommends further research to inform reintroduction and translocation for its conservation. We used nuclear markers (microsatellites and ITS2) and a mitochondrial (COI) marker to investigate population structure in S. nitida individuals sampled from Poland, Germany, Sweden, and the UK to identify differences within and between populations. Data based on 2D landmark-based geometric morphometrics of S. nitida shells was used to determine if phenotypic variation followed genetic differentiation. Two distinct genetic lineages of S. nitida were identified in ITS and COI phylogenies as well as cluster analysis of microsatellite markers, one of these lineages was present in eastern Europe (Poland, Sweden- Lineage 2), and one in western Europe (UK, Germany- Lineage 1), with lineages co-occurring in German populations. No genetic admixture was observed in German populations containing both lineages. These two lineages were also distinct in shape, with lineage 2 individuals having significantly wider shells and taller and wider apertures than those in Lineage 1. ~ 85% of shells assigned to the predicted lineage in a discriminant analysis of Procrustes shape coordinates. We infer that S. nitida includes at least one sympatric cryptic species. We discuss the implications of these findings on the conservation status of S. nitida in the UK and Europe.
Non-Tethered Understanding and Scientific Pluralism
Authors: Hauswald Rico
Published: May 2021

I examine situations in which we say that different subjects have ‘different’, ‘competing’, or ‘conflicting understandings’ of a phenomenon. In order to make sense of such situations, we should turn our attention to an often neglected ambiguity in the word ‘understanding’. Whereas the notion of understanding that is typically discussed in philosophy is, to use Elgin’s terms, tethered to the facts, there is another notion of understanding that is not tethered in the same way. This latter notion is relevant because, typically, talk of two subjects having ‘different’, ‘competing’, or ‘conflicting understandings’ of a phenomenon does not entail any commitment to the proposition that these subjects understand the phenomenon in the tethered sense of the word. This paper aims, first, to analyze the non-tethered notion of understanding, second, to clarify its relationship to the tethered notion, third, to explore what exactly goes on when ‘different’, ‘competing’, or ‘conflicting understandings’ clash and, fourth, to discuss the significance of such situations in our epistemic practices. In particular, I argue for a version of scientific pluralism according to which such situations are important because they help scientific communities achieve their fundamental epistemic goals—most importantly, the goal of understanding the world in the tethered sense.
Action Regulation at the Work–Family Interface: Nomological Network and Work–Family Consequences
Authors: Hirschi Andreas , von Allmen Nicola , Burmeister Anne , Zacher Hannes
Published: May 2021

Pursuing personally valued goals in work and family is important for many people, yet research has only partially addressed how individuals can actively manage the work–family interface. We examined the role of action regulation at the work–family interface (AR-WF) as an integrated individual-level approach to attain favorable work–family outcomes through the selection and pursuit of goals at the work–family interface. We investigated the relation of AR-WF to theoretically derived correlates and outcomes in two time-lagged studies with samples from the USA and Germany, based on a newly developed and validated measure to assess AR-WF. Overall, results showed that AR-WF is positively related to dispositional self-regulation, work and family role commitment, work and family goal regulation, and work and family social support. In contrast, AR-WF was largely unrelated to work and family role demands and segmentation or integration boundary enactment. AR-WF further positively related to work and family goal attainment, as well as work–family enrichment beyond related constructs. However, AR-WF was also positively related to increased work-to-family conflict. We discuss how a focus on action regulation can be useful for attaining a better understanding of the active role that people play in managing multiple role demands at the work–family interface.
Presupposed free choice and the theory of scalar implicatures
Authors: Marty Paul , Romoli Jacopo
Published: May 2021

A disjunctive sentence likeOlivia took Logic or Algebraconveys that Olivia didn’t take both classes (exclusivity) and that the speaker doesn’t know which of the two classes she took (ignorance). The corresponding sentence with a possibility modal,Olivia can take Logic or Algebra, conveys instead that she can take Logic and that she can take Algebra (free choice). Theseexclusivity,ignoranceandfree choiceinferences are argued by many to be scalar implicatures. Recent work has looked at cases in whichexclusivityandignoranceappear to be computed instead at the presupposition level, independently from the assertion. On the basis of those data, Spector and Sudo (Linguist Philos 40(5):473–517, 2017) have argued for a hybrid account relying on a pragmatic principle for deriving implicatures in the presupposition. In this paper, we observe that a sentence likeNoah is unaware that Olivia can take Logic or Algebrahas a reading on whichfree choiceappears in the presupposition, but not in the assertion, and we show that deriving this reading is challenging on Spector and Sudo’s (2017) hybrid account. Following the dialectic in Fox (Presupposition and implicature in compositional semantics, Palgrave, London, pp 71–120, 2007), we argue against a pragmatic approach to presupposition-based implicatures on the ground that it is not able to account for presupposed free choice. In addition, we raise a novel challenge for Spector and Sudo’s (2017) account coming from the conflicting presupposedignorancetriggered by sentences like#Noah is unaware that I have a son or a daughter, which is infelicitous even if it’s not common knowledge whether the speaker has a son or a daughter. More generally, our data reveals a systematic parallelism between the assertion and presupposition levels in terms ofexclusivity,ignorance, andfree choice. We argue that such parallels call for a unified analysis and we sketch how a grammatical theory of implicatures where meaning strengthening operates in a similar way at both levels (Gajewski and Sharvit in Nat Lang Semant 20(1):31–57, 2012; Magri in A theory of individual-level predicates based on blind mandatory scalar implicatures, MIT dissertation, 2009; Marty in Implicatures in the DP domain, MIT dissertation, 2017) can account for such parallels.
Asymptotic Analysis of Finite-Source M/GI/1 Retrial Queueing Systems with Collisions and Server Subject to Breakdowns and Repairs
Authors: Nazarov Anatoly , Sztrik János , Kvach Anna , Tóth Ádám
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with a retrial queuing system with a finite number of sources and collision of the customers, where the server is subject to random breakdowns and repairs depending on whether it is idle or busy. A significant difference of this system from the previous ones is that the service time is assumed to follow a general distribution while the server’s lifetime and repair time is supposed to be exponentially distributed. The considered system is investigated by the method of asymptotic analysis under the condition of an unlimited growing number of sources. As a result, it is proved that the limiting probability distribution of the number of customers in the system follows a Gaussian distribution with given parameters. The Gaussian approximation and the estimations obtained by stochastic simulations of the prelimit probability distribution are compared to each other and measured by the Kolmogorov distance. Several examples are treated and figures show the accuracy and area of applicability of the proposed asymptotic method.
State-Level Variation in Abortion Stigma and Women and Men’s Abortion Underreporting in the USA
Authors: Maddow-Zimet Isaac , Lindberg Laura D. , Castle Kate
Published: May 2021

Abortion is highly stigmatized in most settings and severely underreported in demographic surveys. In the USA, variation in the context of abortion between states may influence respondents’ exposure to abortion stigma and create geographic variation in their likelihood of disclosing abortion in surveys. We used restricted geographic data from the 2006–2010 and 2011–2015 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to investigate the association between abortion reporting in the USA and state-level structural factors that may influence respondents’ experience of abortion stigma. At the aggregate level, we compared the weighted number of abortions women reported in the NSFG to abortion counts derived from abortion provider censuses and test for variation in underreporting by state-level structural measures. At the individual level, we tested if state-level structural factors were associated with less reporting of abortion in the face-to-face (FTF) survey mode than the more confidential audio computer-assisted self-interviewing mode (ACASI) of the NSFG. We found that at the aggregate level, there were no differences in reporting by the state-level measures. At the individual level, about 40% of women and men who reported an abortion in their ACASI did not fully report in the FTF interview; however, there were few differences by any state-level factors. This study documents that abortion stigma plagues the quality of reporting in the USA for both women and men, regardless of which state they live in. Survey improvements to reduce abortion underreporting are needed.
New Measures of Economic Insecurity Reveal its Expansion Into EU Middle Classes and Welfare States
Authors: Ranci Costanzo , Beckfield Jason , Bernardi Laura , Parma Andrea
Published: May 2021

Economic instability, social changes, and new social policies place economic insecurity high on the scholarly and political agenda. We contribute to these debates by proposing a new multidimensional, intertemporal measure of economic insecurity that accounts for both its multiplicity and its dynamism. First, we develop three theory-driven, multidimensional measures of economic insecurity. Principal Components Analysis validates the measure. Second, we develop a dynamic approach to insecurity, using longitudinal data and a newly revised headcount method. Third, we then use our new measures to analyze the distribution of insecurity in Europe. Our analysis shows that insecurity is widespread across Europe, even in low-inequality, encompassing welfare states. Moreover, it extends across income groups and occupational classes, reaching into the middle classes.
Extreme Space-Weather Events and the Solar Cycle
Authors: Owens Mathew J. , Lockwood Mike , Barnard Luke A. , Scott Chris J. , Haines Carl , Macneil Allan
Published: May 2021

Space weather has long been known to approximately follow the solar cycle, with geomagnetic storms occurring more frequently at solar maximum than solar minimum. There is much debate, however, about whether the most hazardous events follow the same pattern. Extreme events – by definition – occur infrequently, and thus establishing their occurrence behaviour is difficult even with very long space-weather records. Here we use the 150-year $aa_{H}$
a

a
H

record of global geomagnetic activity with a number of probabilistic models of geomagnetic-storm occurrence to test a range of hypotheses. We find that storms of all magnitudes occur more frequently during an active phase, centred on solar maximum, than during the quiet phase around solar minimum. We also show that the available observations are consistent with the most extreme events occurring more frequently during large solar cycles than small cycles. Finally, we report on the difference in extreme-event occurrence during odd- and even-numbered solar cycles, with events clustering earlier in even cycles and later in odd cycles. Despite the relatively few events available for study, we demonstrate that this is inconsistent with random occurrence. We interpret this finding in terms of the overlying coronal magnetic field and enhanced magnetic-field strengths in the heliosphere, which act to increase the geoeffectiveness of sheath regions ahead of extreme coronal mass ejections. Putting the three “rules” together allows the probability of extreme event occurrence for Solar Cycle 25 to be estimated, if the magnitude and length of the coming cycle can be predicted. This highlights both the feasibility and importance of solar-cycle prediction for planning and scheduling of activities and systems that are affected by extreme space weather.
Dutch Book against Lewis
Authors: Wójtowicz Anna , Wójtowicz Krzysztof
Published: May 2021

According to the PCCP thesis, the probability of a conditional A → C is the conditional probability P(C|A). This claim is undermined by Lewis’ triviality results, which purport to show that apart from trivial cases, PCCP is not true. In the present article we show that the only rational, “Dutch Book-resistant” extension of the agent’s beliefs concerning non-conditional sentences A and C to the conditional A → C is by assuming that P(A → C) = P(C|A) (i.e., in accord with PCCP). In other cases a diachronic Dutch Book against the agent can be constructed. There is a tension between our findings and Lewis’ results, which needs to be explained. Therefore, we present a probability space which corresponds in a natural way to the diachronic Dutch Book—and which allows the conditional A → C to be interpreted as an event in a mathematically sound way. It also allows to formalize the notion of conditionalizing A → C on ¬C which plays a crucial role in Lewis’ proof. Our conclusion is that Lewis’ proof is circular, so it cannot be considered to be a sound argument against PCCP.
Say what? On the transmission of acoustic signals in a Neotropical green city
Authors: Trujillo-Torres Carlos M. , González-García Fernando , MacGregor-Fors Ian
Published: May 2021

Cities do not only represent noisy systems, but also limit acoustic communication given the complex array of artificial structures through which signals can be trapped or obscured. In this study we performed a field experiment to evaluate the loss of energy of a standardized acoustic emission (generated with notes and a call of the Clay-colored Thrush – Turdus grayi). For this, we emitted the acoustic signal and recovered it at increasing radial distances from 26 fixed emission points (i.e., 10 m, 20 m, 40 m, 80 m, 120 m, 160 m) located across the city of Xalapa (Mexico). Our results show that the emitted signal was not recorded beyond 80 m from the emission point. The number and height of the assessed physical obstacles between the emitted signal and the receiving equipment showed to drive our main result, with built elements representing a major barrier than vegetation ones in terms of the recovered energy of the emitted signal. Interestingly, we found that, for both types of physical obstacles, a height of ~7 m was a common threshold influencing the recovered energy of the emitted signal.
In vitro conservation of centennial Austrian Cornelian cherry accessions
Authors: Laimer Margit , Zeiser Maria , Hanzer Veronika , Borroto Fernandez E. G.
Published: May 2021

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) appears in a list of fruit and nut species growing in Europe considered neglected and underused economically. AlthoughC. mashas a long-standing traditional medicinal use, only in recent years interest in products and food made from Cornelian cherries, said to have health-promoting effects, increased. This in turn raises the demand for improved planting material. In the Pielach Valley Region, Lower Austria, hundreds of centenary specimens ofCornus mas, but even a few millennial plants can still be encountered. The occurrence of these plants requested an active intervention to genetically characterize and preserve this valuable biodiversity, particularly in the light of changing environmental conditions. Efforts for the establishment of an in vitro collection of this valuable germplasm of centenary cornelian cherries yielded 193 mericlones initiated from single node explants from 41 selected plants. The selected donor plants were grouped by estimated age ranging from 10 years, > 50 years, > 100 years, > 200 years, > 400 years and 1000 years. The final goal of our efforts is to preserve these genetic resources, also checked for genetic and phytosanitary quality, for future generations and to use the superior clones for further breeding programs.
How to Manage Small Intestine (Jejunal and Ileal) Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Presenting with Liver Metastases?
Authors: Niederle Bruno , Selberherr Andreas , Niederle Martin B.
Published: May 2021

Purpose of Review

Small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (siNENs) are slowly growing tumours with a low malignant potential. However, more than half of the patients present with distant metastases (stage IV) and nearly all with locoregional lymph node (LN) metastases at the time of surgery. The value of locoregional treatment is discussed controversially.

Recent Findings

In stage I to III disease, locoregional surgery was currently shown to be curative prolonging survival. In stage IV disease, surgery may prolong survival in selected patients with the chance to cure locoregional disease besides radical/debulking liver surgery. It may improve the quality of life and may prevent severe local complications resulting in a state of chronic malnutrition and severe intestinal ischaemia or bowel obstruction.

Locoregional tumour resection offers the opportunity to be curative or to focus therapeutically on liver metastasis, facilitating various other therapeutic modalities. Risks and benefits of the surgical intervention need to be balanced individually.
Cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing potency of Moscatilin in cancer cells at low radiation doses of X-ray and UV-C
Authors: Pujari Ipsita , Thomas Abitha , Thomas Jinsu , Jhawar Niharika , Guruprasad Kanive Parashiva , Rai Padmalatha S. , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu , Babu Vidhu Sankar
Published: May 2021

Moscatilin (stilbenoid) is a plant-derived anticancer compound, and it has mostly been isolated from threatened wild Dendrobium species. The present study attempts to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Moscatilin on several cancer cell lines through MTT assay. Additionally, it also aims towards estimating and comparing the radiosensitivity, cell-cycle progression, and apoptotic/necrotic effect induced by Moscatilin on different cell lines. The effects of Moscatilin was compared with another significant stilbenoid anticancer agent, Resveratrol (a structural analog of Moscatilin), whose presence has also been reported in Dendrobiums. Considering the threatened nature of this genus, crude extracts of a tropical and epiphytic Dendrobium species, viz., Dendrobium ovatum, prepared from in vitro seedlings were also tested towards cytotoxicity and radiosensitization efficacy. Moscatilin functioned as an effective radiosensitizer at 5 µg/ml along with 1 Gy X-ray and 200 J/m2 UV-C radiations. It was also able to perturb cell cycle both at replicative and post-replicative phases with the aforementioned combination. Moscatilin, in unison with radiation, triggered immunogenic death specifically on cancer cells starting from Pyroptosis, terminating in Necroptosis. Moscatilin, when used singly, could evoke immunogenic cell death. Analyses of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns released during radiation and Moscatilin treatment would aid in ascertaining the mode of cell death. Moscatilin is a potential radiosensitizer and must be tested for preclinical and clinical trials to combat cancer.
“ENCLOSURES WITH INCLUSION” VIS-À-VIS “BOUNDARIES” IN ANCIENT MEXICO
Authors: Megged Amos
Published: May 2021

Recent in-depth research on the Nahua Corpus Xolotl, as well as on a large variety of compatible sources, has led to new insights on what were “boundaries” in preconquest Nahua thought. The present article proposes that our modern Western concept of borders and political boundaries was foreign to ancient Mexican societies and to Aztec-era polities in general. Consequently, the article aims to add a novel angle to our understanding of the notions of space, territoriality, and limits in the indigenous worldview in central Mexico during preconquest times, and their repercussions for the internal social and political relations that evolved within the Nahua-Acolhua ethnic states (altepetl). Furthermore, taking its cue from the Corpus Xolotl, the article reconsiders the validity of ethnic entities and polities in ancient Mexico and claims that many of these polities were ethnic and territorial amalgams, in which components of ethnic outsiders formed internal enclaves and powerbases. I argue that in ancient Mexico one is able to observe yet another kind of conceptualization of borders/frontiers: “enclosures with inclusion,” which served as the indigenous concept of porous and inclusive boundaries, well up to the era of the formation of the so-called Triple Alliance, and beyond.
Transformation
Authors: Twining William
Published: May 2021

This brief paper is an account of Peter Fitzpatrick's appointment to the Faculty of Law at Queens University, Belfast, and his consequent transformation, personally and professionally, during his short tenure at Queens.
Simulation of Irrigation Demand and Control in Catchments – A Review of Methods and Case Studies
Authors: Uniyal Bhumika , Dietrich Jörg
Published: May 2021

The world's water resources are continuously facing challenges in fulfilling the needs of increasing agricultural water demand with finite or diminishing resources. Therefore, it is important to quantify the amount of irrigation water required to attain sustainable yield at a local, regional, and global level, especially in arid and semi‐arid regions. This is mostly quantified by using agro‐hydrological or agricultural models. The advances in simulation models and several options incorporated in them allow catchment/site‐specific application of irrigation water to depict the field management practices undertaken by farmers. The objective of the present study is to provide a review of the simulation of irrigation water demand at catchment scale by agro‐hydrological and agricultural models. This study discusses the different types of models, their dimensions, and the hydrological and agricultural process models incorporated into them. Additionally, this review provides an overview of how irrigation can be scheduled, how water is applied, and from which sources irrigation water can be extracted by the considered models, taking horizontal hydrological connectivity into consideration. Adding to the model review, seven different fields of innovative case studies are covered. Many agricultural models have been applied in a regional context without simulating horizontal hydrological fluxes, but only a few hydrological catchment models provide full support of both irrigation and plant growth simulation, which are important for the simulation of future crop yield under different climatic and agricultural management scenarios.
Enabling Value Added Scientific Applications of ICESat‐2 Data With Effective Removal of Afterpulses
Authors: Lu Xiaomei , Hu Yongxiang , Yang Yuekui , Vaughan Mark , Palm Stephen , Trepte Charles , Omar Ali , Lucker Patricia , Baize Rosemary
Published: May 2021

The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) aboard the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite‐2 (ICESat‐2) has been making very high resolution measurements of the Earth’s surface elevation since October 2018. ATLAS uses photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) as detectors in photon counting mode, so that a single photon reflected back to the receiver triggers a detection within the ICESat‐2 data acquisition system. However, one characteristic of ICESat‐2 detected photons is the possible presence of afterpulses, defined as small amplitude pulses occurring after the primary signal pulse due to photon arrival. The disadvantage of these afterpulses is that they often confound the accurate measurements of low level signals following a large amplitude of signal and can degrade energy resolution and cause errors in pulse counting applications. This paper discusses and summarizes the after‐pulsing effects exhibited by the ATLAS PMTs based on on‐orbit measurements over different seasons and geographic regions. The potential impacts of these after‐pulsing effects on altimetry and ocean subsurface retrievals are discussed.
Population differentiation of Rhodobacteraceae along with coral compartments
Authors: Luo Danli , Wang Xiaojun , Feng Xiaoyuan , Tian Mengdan , Wang Sishuo , Tang Sen-Lin , Ang Put , Yan Aixin , Luo Haiwei
Published: May 2021

Coral mucus, tissue, and skeleton harbor compositionally different microbiota, but how these coral compartments shape the microbial evolution remains unexplored. Here, we sampled bacteria inhabiting a prevalent coral species Platygyra acuta and sequenced genomes of 234 isolates comprising two populations in Rhodobacteraceae, an alphaproteobacterial lineage representing a significant but variable proportion (5–50%) of the coral microbiota. The Ruegeria population (20 genomes) contains three clades represented by eight, six, and six isolates predominantly sampled from the skeleton (outgroup), mucus (clade-M), and skeleton (clade-S), respectively. The clade-M possesses functions involved in the utilization of coral osmolytes abundant in the mucus (e.g., methylamines, DMSP, taurine, and L-proline), whereas the clade-S uniquely harbors traits that may promote adaptation to the low-energy and diurnally anoxic skeleton (e.g., sulfur oxidation and swimming motility). These between-clade genetic differences were largely supported by physiological assays. Expanded analyses by including genomes of 24 related isolates (including seven new genomes) from other marine environments suggest that clade-M and clade-S may have diversified in non-coral habitats, but they also consolidated a key role of distinct coral compartments in diversifying many of the above-mentioned traits. The unassigned Rhodobacteraceae population (214 genomes) varies only at a few dozen nucleotide sites across the whole genomes, but the number of between-compartment migration events predicted by the Slatkin–Maddison test supported that dispersal limitation between coral compartments is another key mechanism diversifying microbial populations. Collectively, our results suggest that different coral compartments represent ecologically distinct and microgeographically separate habitats that drive the evolution of the coral microbiota.
Consolidating biallelic SDHD variants as a cause of mitochondrial complex II deficiency
Authors: Lin Siying , Fasham James , Al-Hijawi Fida’ , Qutob Nouar , Gunning Adam , Leslie Joseph S. , McGavin Lucy , Ubeyratna Nishanka , Baker Wisam , Zeid Ramez , Turnpenny Peter D. , Crosby Andrew H. , Baple Emma L. , Khalaf-Nazzal Reham
Published: May 2021

Isolated mitochondrial complex II deficiency is a rare cause of mitochondrial respiratory chain disease. To date biallelic variants in three genes encoding mitochondrial complex II molecular components have been unequivocally associated with mitochondrial disease (SDHA/SDHB/SDHAF1). Additionally, variants in one further complex II component (SDHD) have been identified as a candidate cause of isolated mitochondrial complex II deficiency in just two unrelated affected individuals with clinical features consistent with mitochondrial disease, including progressive encephalomyopathy and lethal infantile cardiomyopathy. We present clinical and genomic investigations in four individuals from an extended Palestinian family with clinical features consistent with an autosomal recessive mitochondrial complex II deficiency, in which our genomic studies identified a homozygous NM_003002.3:c.[205 G > A];[205 G > A];p.[(Glu69Lys)];[(Glu69Lys)] SDHD variant as the likely cause. Reviewing previously published cases, these findings consolidate disruption of SDHD function as a cause of mitochondrial complex II deficiency and further define the phenotypic spectrum associated with SDHD gene variants.
Active cloaking and illusion of electric potentials in electrostatics
Authors: Helfrich-Schkabarenko Andreas , Ismail-Zadeh Alik , Sommer Aron
Published: May 2021

Cloaking and illusion has been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally in several research fields. Here we present for the first time an active exterior cloaking device in electrostatics operating in a two-horizontally-layered electroconductive domain, and use the superposition principle to cloak electric potentials. The device uses an additional current source pattern introduced on the interface between two layers to cancel the total electric potential to be measured. Also, we present an active exterior illusion device allowing for detection of a signal pattern corresponding to any arbitrarily chosen current source instead of the existing current source. The performance of the cloaking/illusion devices is demonstrated by three-dimensional models and numerical experiments using synthetic measurements of the electric potential. Sensitivities of numerical results to a noise in measured data and to a size of cloaking devices are analysed. The numerical results show quite reasonable cloaking/illusion performance, which means that a current source can be hidden electrostatically. The developed active cloaking/illusion methodology can be used in subsurface geo-exploration studies, electrical engineering, live sciences, and elsewhere.
Study on the adsorption properties of methyl orange by natural one-dimensional nano-mineral materials with different structures
Authors: Wu Lijuan , Liu Xuewen , Lv Guocheng , Zhu Runliang , Tian Lintao , Liu Meng , Li Yuxin , Rao Wenxiu , Liu Tianming , Liao Libing
Published: May 2021

Methyl orange (MO) is a common anionic azo dye that is harmful to the environment and biology, so it must be treated innocuously before it can be discharged. Adsorption is an effective method to remove anionic dyes. Nanotube mineral is a natural one-dimensional adsorption material, and its unique morphology and structure endow it with good adsorption capacity. Although there are many related studies, there is a lack of in-depth discussions on the influence of nanotube’s composition and structure on the adsorption of dyes and other pollutants. In this paper, two kinds of natural one-dimensional silicate minerals [halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and chrysotile nanotubes (ChNTs)] with similar morphology but slightly different compositions and crystal structures were used as adsorbents, and MO solution was used as simulate pollutants. It is the first time to discuss in depth the influence of the composition and structure of nanotube minerals on their charge properties and the adsorption performance of methyl orange dyes. It is found that HNTs and ChNTs have different adsorption capacity due to the difference of electronegativity between Al3+ and Mg2+ in the crystal, so they possess negative and positive charges respectively in near-neutral solution, which leads to the adsorption capacity of MO by ChNTs with positive charges which is greater than that of HNTs.
Phase evolution of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles from in situ formed binary sulphides under solvothermal conditions
Authors: Ahmad Rameez , Saddiqi Naeem-ul-Hasan , Wu Mingjian , Prato Mirko , Spiecker Erdmann , Peukert Wolfgang , Distaso Monica
Published: May 2021

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals form both by direct nucleation and growth and by conversion of binary sulphides into the quaternary phase via internal recrystallization processes.
Nitrogen, phosphorus co-doped eave-like hierarchical porous carbon for efficient capacitive deionization
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Chaohai , Zhang Wuxiang , Zhang Ming , Qi Junwen , Qian Jieshu , Sun Xiuyun , Yuliarto Brian , Na Jongbeom , Park Teahoon , Gomaa Hassanien Gomaa Abdien , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Yi Jin Woo , Yamauchi Yusuke , Li Jiansheng
Published: May 2021

Novel nitrogen, phosphorus co-doped eave-like hierarchical porous carbon prepared from a metal–organic framework (MOF) precursor shows outstanding capacitive deionization performance.
Synergetic NH3 absorption properties of the NaBH4–LiBH4 mixed system
Authors: Kanna Machi , Oyama Hikaru , Ichikawa Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Keita , Miyaoka Hiroki , Kojima Yoshitsugu , Ichikawa Takayuki
Published: May 2021

The mixed borohydrides absorbed NH3 at low pressure and were liquefied above 100 kPa due to a synergetic phenomenon.
Samarium-based Grignard-type addition of organohalides to carbonyl compounds under catalysis of CuI
Authors: Xiao Shuhuan , Liu Chen , Song Bin , Wang Liang , Qi Yan , Liu Yongjun
Published: May 2021

A useful versatile samarium–CuI based carbonyl addition protocol via organohalides was achieved, with the advantages of excellent efficiency, broad applicability and high chemoselectivity.
Phosphorus nitride nano-dots as a versatile and metal-free support for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Sahu Tushar Kanta , Alam Suhaib , Bhowmick Sourav , Mohanta Manoj Kumar , Qureshi Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Phosphorus nitride dots (PNDs) are employed as a metal-free and versatile support over a range of metal oxide-based photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation.
A newly-constructed hydrolytically stable Co(ii) coordination polymer showing dual responsive fluorescence sensing of pH and Cu2+
Authors: Yan Min , Zhu Peizhi , Yang Shengyang , Kong Wei-Jian , Wang Jian , Zhang Kou-Lin
Published: May 2021

A novel CP (1), showing distinct dual responsive fluorescence sensing of pH in three continuous stages as well as efficient and selective sensing of Cu2+.
Effects of support and oxygen vacancies on the energetics of NiO reduction with H2 for the chemical looping combustion (CLC) reaction; a DFT study
Authors: Rasi Negar Manafi , Hyla Alexander S. , Ponnurangam Sathish , Mahinpey Nader
Published: May 2021

Addition of TiO2 support to NiO oxygen carrier creates a lower energy pathway in the reduction reaction of NiO with H2. Creation of oxygen vacancy also lowers the energy pathway.
Guanidine as a strong CO2adsorbent: a DFT study on cooperative CO2adsorption
Authors: Anila Sebastian , Suresh Cherumuttathu H.
Published: May 2021

Transformation of the non-covalent G⋯CO2complex into a G–CO2covalent complex in (G–CO2)nclusters with a fivefold increase in ΔE/CO2is reported.
Monolayered H–Si–P semiconductors: structural stability, electronic structure, optical properties, and prospects for photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Shu Xiaoqin , Lin Jiahe , Zhang Hong
Published: May 2021

Group IV and V monolayers are promising state-of-the-art two-dimensional (2D) materials owing to their high carrier mobility, tunable bandgaps, and optical linear dichroism along with outstanding electronic and thermoelectric properties.
Characterization of non-graphitized carbon blacks: a model with surface crevices
Authors: Loi Quang K. , Horikawa Toshihide , Do D. D. , Nicholson D.
Published: May 2021

Structure of adsorbate on a homogeneous surface and a creviced surface.
Electrochemical-mediated fixation of CO2: three-component synthesis of carbamate compounds from CO2, amines and N-alkenylsulfonamides
Authors: Xiong Ting-Kai , Zhou Xue-Qi , Zhang Min , Tang Hai-Tao , Pan Ying-Ming , Liang Ying
Published: May 2021

We use amines and N-alkenylsulfonamides as substrates to fix CO2 under electrochemical catalytic conditions for the synthesis of new carbamate compounds.
Influence of substrate temperature on the detection sensitivity of surface-enhanced LIBS for analysis of heavy metal elements in water
Authors: Zhang Dan , Chen Anmin , Chen Yutong , Wang Qiuyun , Li Suyu , Jiang Yuanfei , Jin Mingxing
Published: May 2021

The influence of substrate temperature on the detection sensitivity of surface-enhanced (SE) LIBS for analysis of heavy metal elements in water is investigated; increasing the substrate temperature can improve the detection sensitivity of SE-LIBS.
The hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-34 with improved MTO performance
Authors: Rui Peixin , Wang Baorong , Chen Feibiao , Xiang Yanjuan , Yang Jianming , Guo Tao , Wu Zheng , Liao Weilin , Shu Xingtian
Published: May 2021

A two-step hydrothermal approach for the synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-34 in the absence of any mesoporogen.
Influence of sulfur amount in Ni-incorporated ZnIn2(O,S)4 on phase formation and the visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Sethupathi , Abdullah Hairus , Gultom Noto Susanto , Shuwanto Hardy , Kuo Dong-Hau
Published: May 2021

In the present work, we propose Ni-doped ZnIn2(O,S)4/In(OH)3 composite particles for visible-light photocatalytic HER. By adjusting the sulfur concentration while keeping the amounts of zinc, indium and nickel constant during the hydrothermal process.
Ni pincer complex catalytic hydroboration of CO2: a DFT study on the influence of borane reductants on selective reduction
Authors: Ma Nana , Xu Qingli , Tu Chenhao , Guo Wenyue , Zhang Guisheng
Published: May 2021

An insight into the influence of borane reductants on the selectivity of hydroboration of CO2 catalyzed by (tBuPCP)NiH.
Impacts of octanol and decanol addition on the solubility of methanol/hydrous methanol/diesel/biodiesel/Jet A-1 fuel ternary mixtures
Authors: El-Seesy Ahmed I. , El-Zoheiry Radwan M. , Fouad Abdelrahman K. , Hussien Abdelrahman M. , Elshabrawy Salma O. M. , He Zhixia , Nasser Alhassan
Published: May 2021

This study attempts to enhance the mixture instability of methanol/hydrous methanol mixed with diesel fuel, waste cooking oil biodiesel, and Jet A-1 fuel using n-octanol and n-decanol as cosolvent at numerous temperatures of 10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C.
Efficient removal of bisphenol pollutants on imine-based covalent organic frameworks: adsorption behavior and mechanism
Authors: Fu Daijun , Zhang Qianxin , Chen Ping , Zheng Xiaoshan , Hao Jun , Mo Peiying , Liu Haijin , Liu Guoguang , Lv Wenying
Published: May 2021

Two imine-based covalent organic frameworks with different pore sizes were synthesized, and can be used as adsorbents for the removal of bisphenol pollutants, showing high affinity toward bisphenol S and bisphenol A.
Defects in crystals of soft colloidal particles
Authors: de Jager Marjolein , de Jong Joris , Filion Laura
Published: May 2021

Vacancies and interstitials in crystals of soft particles can lead to 1d, 2d or 3d deformations of the lattice.
Prospects of digital technologies implementation in the system of human resources management of Russian agricultural companies
Authors: Strelnikova Larisa
Published: May 2021

The main trends of the current times are globalization, customer behavior changes and transition to the network digital economy, which define the long term direction of development. The economic and social conditions are transformed in major ways, due to application of digital technologies and this presents the necessity to change key aspects of human resources management in the context of changing companies’ business models, especially as it pertains to logistics. In the digital economy, a number of conceptual provisions are being formed that are associated not only with the process of optimization of management in general, but also with the new role of a person, his competencies, their implementation and development based on digital technologies. This study encompasses the results of digital technologies development analysis, as they are applied to human resources management at various Russian companies and organizations. It also presents methodology of project evaluation in the realm of primary digital technologies implementation to education and professional development of logistics companies’ personnel. The methodology is based on expert approach, using concordance coefficient and range correlation method.
The sustainable promotion strategy of transfer hub in megapolis
Authors: Ababkova Мarianna , Vasileva Olga
Published: May 2021

This article presents a methodological approach to the development of promotion strategy for a transport hub in a metropolis. In response to the modern megapolises’ growth, transport hubs perform the role of multi-functional public facility, implementing a wide set of not only transport and logistics services, but also a combination of social, shopping and entertainment functions to passengers, both tourists and local residents. The material deals with the concept of transfer hub as a transport and communication space – a territory of human existence and activities, so the issues of integration of promotion tools and marketing strategy implementation are vital on every stage of transfer hub’s existence. The adaptation of the Rodrigue-Notteboom model is proposed with the embedded marketing tools and activities to ensure transfer hub’s functioning as a transport and communication space. The stages of marketing promotion strategy implementation include marketing research of region’s economic and geographical position, traffic development and management, consumer satisfaction, promotion and marketing support of transfer hub’s services and commercial facilities among the population and tourists. The implementation of transfer hub project based on the effective marketing strategy to change certain social and cultural environment and the traffic psychology of the population of the metropolis area.