bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newtonian and modified newtonian gravitational simulation of spiral galaxies
Authors: Ahmed Bushra A.
Published: August 2020

One of the most powerful tools for any stellar dynamics is the N-body simulation. In an N-body simulation the motion of N particles is followed under their mutual gravitational attraction. In this paper the gravitational N-body simulation is described to investigate Newtonian and non- Newtonian (modified Newtonian dynamics) interaction between the stars of spiral galaxies. It is shown that standard Newtonian interaction requires dark matter to produce the flat rotational curves of the systems under consideration, while modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) theorem provides a flat rotational curve and gives a good agreement with the observed rotation curve; MOND was tested as an alternative to the dark matter hypothesis. So that MOND hypothesis has generated better rotation curves than Newtonian theorem.
The optical properties of a- (GeS2)100-xGax thin films
Authors: Hasan Bushra A.
Published: August 2020

Thin films whose compositions can be expressed by (GeS2)100-xGax (x=0, 6,12,18) formula were obtained by thermal evaporation technique  of bulk material at a base pressure of ~10-5 torr. Optical transmission spectra of the films were taken in the range of 300-1100 nm then the optical band gap, tail width of localized states,  refractive index, extinction coefficient were calculated. The optical constants were found to increase at low concentration of Ga (0 to12%) while they decreases with further addition of Ga. The optical band gap was found to change in opposite manner to that of optical constants. The variation in the optical parameters are explained in terms of average bond energy of the system.
The effect of triggering on the output performance of diode direct face pumping for disc laser in pulse mode
Authors: Dhahir Mohammed K.
Published: August 2020

The triggering effect for the face pumping of Nd:YVO4 disc medium of 4×5×0.5 mm was investigated using bulk diode laser at different resonator cavity length in pulse mode and at repetition rate of 1.3kHz. The maximum emitted peak power was found to be 100, 82, and 66 mW for resonator lengths of 10, 13.5, and 17.5 cm respectively, while the threshold pumping power was found to be 41mW. The maximum emitted peak power obtained was 300 mW when using external triggering and 10cm length, with repetition of 3Hz.
Comparison of three interpolation methods for the average monthly temperature in the south of Iraqi zone
Authors: Ghazal Nawal K.
Published: August 2020

This study focuses on evaluating the suitability of three interpolation methods in terms of their accuracy at climate data for some provinces of south of Iraq. Two data sets of maximum and minimum temperature in February 2008 from nine meteorological stations located in the south of Iraq using three interpolation methods. ArcGIS is used to produce the spatially distributed temperature data by using IDW, ordinary kriging, and spline. Four statistical methods are applied to analyze the results obtained from three interpolation methods. These methods are RMSE, RMSE as a percentage of the mean, Model efficiency (E) and Bias, which showed that the ordinary krigingis the best for this data from other methods by the results that have been obtained .
Design and evalution of a solar PV system
Authors: Khadim Imad Jawad
Published: August 2020

PV connected systems are worldwide installed because it allows consumer to reduce energy consumption from the electricity grid. This paper presents the results obtained from monitoring a 1.1 kWp. The system was monitored for nine months and all the electricity generated was fed to the fifth floor for physics and renewable energy building   220 V, 50 Hz. Monthly, and daily performance parameters of the PV system are evaluated which include: average generated of system Ah per day, average system efficiency, solar irradiation around these months. The average generated kWh per day was 8 kWh/day, the average solar irradiation per day was 5.6 kWh/m2/day, the average inverter efficiency was 95%, the average modules efficiency was 12%.
Study the atomic properties of 2s shell for some atoms
Authors: Kadhim Shaymaa Awad
Published: August 2020

Ground state energies and other properties of 2S shell for some atoms as Be(Z=4), B(Z=5), C(Z=6) and N(Z=7) were calculated by using Hartree-Fock wave function. We found the values of potential energies in hartree unit (3.8369, 6.78565, 10.18852 and 14.41089) respectively and the other proprieties like expectation values of the position < r1m >  were in agreement with the published results. All the studied atomic properties were normalized.
Preparation of polyaniline polymer and using it as a Vapor sensor of acids
Authors: Jabor Ashwaq A.
Published: August 2020

Polyaniline organic Semiconductor polymer was prepared by oxidation polymerization by adding hydrochloric acid concentration of 0.1M and potassium per sulfate concentration of 0.2M to 0.1M of aniline at room temperature, the polymer was deposited at glass substrate, the structural and optical properties were studies through UV-VIS, IR, XRD measurements, films have been operated as a sensor of vapor  H2SO4 and HCl  acids.
Synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of copper oxide thin films obtained by spray pyrolysis deposition
Authors: Faris Rawaa A.
Published: August 2020

Copper oxide thin films were synthesized by using spray pyrolysis deposition technique, in the temperature around 400°C in atmosphere from alcoholic solutions. Copper (II) chloride as precursor and glass as a substrate. The textural and structural properties of the films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average particle size determined from the AFM images ranged from 30 to 90 nm and the roughness average was equal to 9.3 nm. The XRD patterns revealed the formation of a polycrystalline hexagonal CuO. The absorption and transmission spectrum, band gap, film thickness was investigated. The films were tested as an optical limiter. The experiments were performed using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 532nm and 1064 nm at different intensities. Copper oxide thin films appear to be attractive candidates for optical limiting application and sensor application.
Different methods for characterizing surface roughness using laser speckle technique
Authors: Al-Quzweny Mayada B.
Published: August 2020

In this work, results from an optical technique (laser speckle technique) for measuring surface roughness was done by using statistical properties of speckle pattern from the point of view of computer image texture analysis. Four calibration relationships were used to cover wide range of measurement with the same laser speckle technique. The first one is based on intensity contrast of the speckle, the second is based on analysis of speckle binary image,  the third is on size of speckle pattern spot, and the latest one is based on characterization of the energy feature of the gray level co-occurrence matrices for the speckle pattern. By these calibration relationships surface roughness of an object surface can be evaluated within these relations ranges from single speckle pattern image which was taken from the surface.
Quadrupole moment of 14B exotic nucleus
Authors: Manie N. S.
Published: August 2020

The quadrupole moment of 14B exotic nucleus has been calculated using configuration mixing shell model with limiting number of orbital's in the model space. The core- polarization effects, are included through a microscopic theory which considers a particle-hole excitations from the core and the model space orbits into the higher orbits with 6ħω excitations using M3Y interaction. The simple harmonic oscillator potential is used to generate the single particle wave functions. Large basis no-core shell model with (0+2)ћω truncation is used for 14B nucleus. The effective charges for the protons and neutrons were calculated successfully and the theoretical quadrupole moment was compared with the experimental data, which was found to be in a good agreement.
Studying the spectral properties of thin films of rhodamine (6G) dyes doped polymer (PMMA) dissolved in chloroform
Authors: Al-Hamdani Ali H.
Published: August 2020

In the present work, poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) doped with Rhodamine 6G was prepared. The spectral properties (absorption and fluorescence) of the films were studied at different concentrations (1x10-5, 2x10-5, 5x10-5, 7x10-5, and 1x10-4mol/l). The investigated samples were made in the form of thin films. This was achieved by dissolving a certain weight of PMMA in a fixed volume of chloroform, composite films was with thickness (25.8μm) at room temperature. The achieved results were pointed out that absorption and fluorescence spectra have taken a wide spectral rang so when increased the concentration each peak shift toward along wavelength. The quantum efficiency of the films were calculated as follows (98%,89%,84%,83% and 76%) for the above concentrations respectively. It has been noticed that the quantum efficiency decreases as the concentrations increases.
Elastic transverse electron scattering form factors of 11Li exotic nucleus
Authors: Hameed B. S.
Published: August 2020

The elastic transverse electron scattering form factors have been studied for the 11Li   nucleus using the Two- Frequency Shell Model (TFSM) approach. The single-particle wave functions of harmonic-oscillator (HO) potential are used with two different oscillator parameters bcore and bhalo. According to this model, the core nucleons of 9Li nucleus are assumed to move in the model space of spsdpf. The outer halo (2-neutron) in 11Li is assumed to move in the pure 1p1/2, 1d5/2, 2s1/2 orbit. The shell model calculations are carried out for core nucleons using the spsdpf-interaction.  The elastic magnetic electron scattering of the stable 7Li and exotic 11Li nuclei are also investigated through Plane Wave Born Approximation (PWBA). It is found that the difference between the total form factors of unstable isotope (11Li halo) and stable isotope 7Li is in magnitude. The measured value of the magnetic moment is also reproduced.
Enhancement of gas response of annealed ZnO film for hydrogen gas detection
Authors: Hassan Thamir A.A.
Published: August 2020

The mechanism of hydrogen (H2) gas sensor in the range of 50-200 ppm of RF-sputtered annealed zinc oxide (ZnO) and without annealing was studied. The X-ray Diffraction( XRD) results showed that the Zn metal was completely converted to ZnO with a polycrystalline structure. The I–V characteristics of the device (PT/ZnO/Pt) measured at room temperature before and after annealing at 450 oC for4h, from which a linear relationship has been observed. The sensors had a maximum response to H2 at 350 oC for annealing ZnO and showed stable behavior for detecting H2 gases in the range of 50 to 200 ppm. The annealed film exhibited higher response than the film without annealing.. The sensing mechanism was modeled according to the oxygen–vacancy model.
A Study of the electronic structure of CdS Nanocrystals using density functional theory
Authors: Kasim Thekra
Published: August 2020

Density Functional Theory at the generalized-gradient approximation level coupled with large unit cell method is used to simulate the electronic structure of (II-VI) zinc-blende cadmium sulfide nanocrystals that have dimensions 2-2.5 nm. The calculated properties include lattice constant, conduction and valence bands width, energy of the highest occupied orbital, energy of the lowest unoccupied orbital, energy gap, density of states etc. Results show that lattice constant and energy gap converge to definite values. However, highest occupied orbital, lowest unoccupied orbital fluctuates indefinitely depending on the shape of the nanocrystal.
Nucleon momentum distributions and elastic electron scattering form factors for 58Ni, 60Ni, 62Ni, and 64Ni isotopes using the framework of coherent fluctuation model
Authors: Ojaimi Hasan F.
Published: August 2020

The nucleon momentum distributions (NMD) and elastic electron scattering form factors of the ground state for some 1f-2p-shell nuclei, such as 58Ni, 60Ni, 62Ni, and 64Niisotopes have been calculated in the framework of the coherent fluctuation model (CFM) and expressed in terms of the weight function lf(x)l2 . The weight function (fluctuation function) has been related to the nucleon density distribution (NDD) of the nuclei and determined from the theory and experiment. The NDD is derived from a simple method based on the use of the single particle wave functions of the harmonic oscillator potential and the occupation numbers of the states. The feature of the long-tail behavior at high momentum region of the NMD’s has been obtained by both the theoretical and experimental weight functions. The calculated elastic electron scattering form factors for considered isotopes are in reasonable agreement with those of experimental data throughout all values of momentum transfer q.
Indium doped ZnO Urbach energy and dispersion parameters of thin films
Authors: Oboudi Saad Farhan
Published: August 2020

The characterization of ZnO and ZnO:In thin films were confirmed by spray pyrolysis technique. The films were deposited onto glass substrate at a temperature of 450°C. Optical absorption measurements were also studied by UV-VIS technique in the wavelength range 300-900 nm which was used to calculate the optical constants. The changes in dispersion and Urbach parameters were investigated as a function of In content. The optical energy gap was decreased and the wide band tails were increased in width from 616 to 844 eV as the In content increased from 0wt.% to 3wt.%. The single–oscillator parameters were determined also the change in dispersion was investigated before and after doping.
BVR CCD Photometric observation analysis of spiral galaxy Ic 467
Authors: Ali Sinan H.
Published: August 2020

The structure and composition of the stellar population in the surface brightness galaxy Ic 467 is studied using BVR CCD photometry. The observations were obtained on the 1.88m optical telescope of Kottamia Astronomical Observatory, KAO, Egypt. A two-dimensional decomposition of the galaxy bulge and disk components is carried out. A powerful star forming region is observed near the galactic center. Based on the positions of the various components of the galaxy in two color diagrams and the surface brightness of the eastern arms in V filter is brighter than the western arm. From the observations, the surface brightness profiles, Ellipticity profiles, position angle profiles and color indices profiles are described and studied.
Microscopic calculations of the electric Quadrupole transition strengths of Be isotopes (9, 10, 12, 14)
Authors: Ibrahim Sara. H.
Published: August 2020

Electric Quadrupole transitions are calculated for beryllium isotopes (9, 10, 12 and 14). Calculations with configuration mixing shell model usually under estimate the measured E2 transition strength. Although the consideration of a large basis no core shell model with 2ℏtruncations for 9,10,12 and14 where all major shells s, p, sd are used, fail to describe the measured reduced transition strength without normalizing the matrix elements with effective charges to compensate for the discarded space. Instead of using constant effective charges, excitations out of major shell space are taken into account through a microscopic theory which allows particle–hole excitations from the core and model space orbits to all higher orbits with 2ℏw excitations which are called core-polarization effects. The two body Michigan sum of three ranges Yukawa potential (M3Y) is used for the core-polarization matrix element. The simple harmonic oscillator potential is used to generate the single particle matrix elements of all isotopes considered in this work. The b value of each isotope is adjusted to reproduce the experimental matter radius, These size parameters of the harmonic oscillator almost reproduce all the root mean square (rms) matter radii for 9,10,12,14Be isotopes within the experimental errors. Almost same effective charges are obtained for the neutron- rich Be isotopes which are smaller than the standard values. The major contribution to the transition strength comes from the core polarization effects. The present calculations of the neutron-rich 12,14Beisotopes show a deviation from the general trends in accordance with experimental and other theoretical studies. The configurations arises from the shell model calculations with core-polarization effects reproduce the experimental B(E2) values.
Structural and optical properties of ZnO doped Mg thin films deposited by pulse laser deposition (PLD)
Authors: Aadim Kadhim A.
Published: August 2020

This paper reports the effect of Mg doping on structural and optical properties of ZnO prepared by pulse laser deposition (PLD). The films deposited on glass substrate using Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) as the light source. The structure and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmittance measurements. The films grown have a polycrystalline wurtzite structure and high transmission in the UV-Vis (300-900) nm. The optical energy gap of ZnO:Mg thin films could be controlled between (3.2eV and 3.9eV). The refractive index of ZnO:Mg thin films decreases with Mg doping. The extinction coefficient and the complex dielectric constant were also investigate.
Calculated the diffuse and direct parts of global solar radiation in Baghdad city for the period (1983-2005) depending on clearness index by applying the two world models of Liu -Jordan
Authors: Al-Hassany Gheidaa Sabeeh
Published: August 2020

In this paper solar radiation was studied over a region of Baghdad (Latitude 33.3o and longitude 44.4o). The two parts of global solar radiation: diffuse and direct solar radiation were estimated depending on the clearance index of measured data (Average Monthly mean global solar radiation). Metrological data of measured (average monthly mean diffuse and direct solar radiation) were used to comparison the results and show the agreement between them. Results are determined by applying Liu and Jordan two models (1960). Excel 2007program is used in calculation, graphics and comparison the results.
Investigation of the nuclear structure of 84-108Mo isotopes using Skyrme-Hartree-Fock method
Authors: Alzubadi Ali A.
Published: August 2020

Over the last few decades the mean field approach using selfconsistentHaretree-Fock (HF) calculations with Skyrme effectiveinteractions have been found very satisfactory in reproducingnuclear properties for both stable and unstable nuclei. They arebased on effective energy-density functional, often formulated interms of effective density-dependent nucleon–nucleon interactions.In the present research, the SkM, SkM*, SI, SIII, SIV, T3, SLy4,Skxs15, Skxs20 and Skxs25 Skyrme parameterizations have beenused within HF method to investigate some static and dynamicnuclear ground state proprieties of 84-108Mo isotopes. In particular,the binding energy, proton, neutron, mass and charge densities andcorresponding root mean square radius, neutron skin thickness andcharge form factor are calculated by using this method with theSkyrme parameterizations mentioned above. The calculated resultsare compared with the available experimental data. Calculationsshow that the Skyrme–Hartree–Fock (SHF) theory with aboveforce parameters provides a good description on Mo isotopes.
Water balance of the basin of Mandali/ east part of Iraq
Authors: AL-Kubaisi Qusai Y.
Published: August 2020

Mandali Basin is located between latitudes (33◦ 39' 00" and 33◦54' 55") to the north and longitudes (45ο 11' 00" and 45ο 40' 00") to theeast; to the east of Diyala province at the Iraqi-Iranian border; thebasin area is approximately 491 km2.From the study of climate reality of the basin between 1990-2013and assessment of the basic climate transactions, it was foundthat the annual rate of rainfall is 253.02 mm, the relative humidity(44.4%), the temperature (21.3 ◦C), wind speed (2.08 m /sec.),sunshine (8.27 h/day) and evaporation of the basin class (a) (271.98mm) and corrected potential evapotranspiration (80.03 mm). Theresults of the data analysis show that, there are three basic periods ofclimate variability wet period, semi wet and dry period.This study shows that, there is water surplus of 60.87% of therainfall amount which is equivalent to 154.03 mm, the amount ofrunoff is 7.47 mm, and the amount of water recharge is 146.56mm.
Radon concentration measurements in sludge of oil fields in North Oil Company (N.O.C.) of Iraq
Authors: Rejah Basim Kh.
Published: August 2020

In this study the assessment radon concentration in sludge of OilFields in North Oil Company (N.O.C.) of Iraq have been studiedusing CR-39 solid–state nuclear track detector technique. A total of34 samples selected from 12 oil stations in the company have beenplaced in the dosimeters. The average radon concentration was foundto be 162.29 Bq/m3 which is fortunately lower than the standardinternational limit. The potential alpha energy concentration andannual effective dose have been calculated. A proportionalrelationship between the annual effective dose and radonconcentration within the studied region has been certified.
Microscopic study of nuclear structure for some Si-isotopes using Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-method
Authors: Aluboodi Sheimaa T.
Published: August 2020

In this paper the nuclear structure of some of Si-isotopes namely, 28,32,36,40Si have been studied by calculating the static ground state properties of these isotopes such as charge, proton, neutron and mass densities together with their associated rms radii, neutron skin thicknesses, binding energies, and charge form factors. In performing these investigations, the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock method has been used with different parameterizations; SkM*, S1, S3, SkM, and SkX. The effects of these different parameterizations on the above mentioned properties of the selected isotopes have also been studied so as to specify which of these parameterizations achieves the best agreement between calculated and experimental data. It can be deduced from this study that it is SkX parameterization that achieves such agreement. Furthermore, comparison between the theoretical and experimental results of charge form factors has been performed.
Measuring the concentrations of natural radioactive isotopes and radiation dose rates for Missan Province
Authors: Hussein Zarkooshi Ahmed A.
Published: August 2020

This research included measuring the concentrations of natural radioactive isotopes U-238 and Th-232 and radiation dose rates for selected areas of Missan province, GR-460 system was used which has the potential to measure the concentrations of natural radioactive isotopes in (ppm) unit and measuring the radiation dose rates in μR/h unit. It was also used with the system the mobile device FH-40 which measures the radiation dose rates in units μSμ/h the measurement results showed the absence of a significant increase in the U-238 and Th-232 concentration where the concentration of isotopes of U-238 and natural Th-232 (3.35-5.46) ppm respectively it is authorized and universally accepted. In terms of radiation dose rates it ranged between 45-65ոSv/հ by GR-460 system and FH-40 device and all these values are within the natural background radiation. Except for one outlying villages that affiliate to the Kahla area were found the radioactive source type 137Cs was left in a swamp of water rancid. Dose rate reached about 6 meters distance from the source 5.3 mSv/h by FH-40 device and GR-460 system 90.6 μR/h where equivalent 815 ոSvհ. The radioactive source has been transferred safely to the main store in AlTuwaitha site.
Chemical sensor based on a solid-core photonic crystal fiber interferometer
Authors: Zarzoor Rawaa K.
Published: August 2020

Photonic crystal fiber interferometers are used in many sensing applications. In this work, an in-reflection photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on Mach-Zehnder (micro-holes collapsing) (MZ) interferometer, which exhibits high sensitivity to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), without the needing of any permeable material. The interferometer is robust, compact, and consists of a stub photonic crystal fiber of large-mode area, photonic crystal fiber spliced to standard single mode fiber (SMF) (corning-28), this splicing occurs with optimized splice loss 0.19 dB In the splice regions the voids of the holey fiber are completely collapsed, which allows the excitation and recombination of core and cladding modes. The device reflection spectrum exhibits a sinusoidal interference pattern which shifts differently when the voids of the PCF are infiltrated with VOC molecules. The volume of voids responsible for the shift is less than 5microliters whereas the detectable levels are in the nanomole range. Laser diode with a wavelength 1550nm has been used as a pump light source. Two types of chemical liquids used (N-Hexane, and Propanol). The detection limits of our device associated with the maximum shifts of the wavelength is 4.4 nm for N-Hexane vapor when the length of the head sensor 20mm. In this work, the maximum sensitivity obtained of volatile organic compounds is 15420 nm/mol at the vapor of N-Hexane.
Studying the contribution of components and type of spiral galaxy NGC 6946 using digital image processing
Authors: Ahmed A. K.
Published: August 2020

NGC 6946 have been observed with BVRI filters, on October 15-18,2012, with the Newtonian focus of the 1.88m telescope, Kottamiaobservatory, of the National Research Institute of Astronomy andGeophysics, Egypt (NRIAG), then we combine the BVRI filters toobtain an astronomical image to the spiral galaxy NGC 6946 whichis regarded main source of information to discover the components ofthis galaxy, where galaxies are considered the essential element ofthe universe. To know the components of NGC 6946, we studied itwith the Variable Precision Rough Sets technique to determine thecontribution of the Bulge, disk, and arms of NGC 6946 according todifferent color in the image. From image we can determined thecontribution for each component and its percentage, then what is thepercentage mean. In this technique a good classified image resultand faster time required to done the classification process.
The optical properties of (PVA+PVP) + PANI blends
Authors: Hassan Jabir Jinan M.
Published: August 2020

Polyaniline polymer has been prepared by chemical oxidationpolymerization method in laboratory successfully. The PANI and(PVA+PVP) as a polymer blends in different percentage (30%, 50%,70%) from Polyaniline was prepared. The sample was studies asoptical properties by UV-vis spectrophotometer at (400-700) nm.The result of optical energy gap was 2.23 eV for pure (PVA+ PVP)and with additive was increasing with increasing PANI concentrationto become (2.49 for 30% to 2.52 for 70%) PANI. The goal of thisproject is prepare triple blend polymer and study the effect when addconductive polymer (Polyaniline) on the optical properties andcalculate optical constant as energy gap, refractive index, dielectricconstant and dielectric losses for (PVA+PVP) blends.
Effect of Ag nanoparticles on R6G laser dye hosted by PMMA polymerized by plasma jet
Authors: Humud Hammad R.
Published: August 2020

This work aim to prepare Ag/R6G/PMMA nanocomposite thinfilms by In-situ plasma polymerization and study the changes in theoptical properties of fluorophore due to the presence of Agnanoparticles structures in the vicinity of the R6G laser dye. Theconcentrations of R6G dye/MMA used are: 10-4M solutions wereprepared by dissolving the required quantity of the R6G dye inMMAMonomer. Then Silver nanoparticles with 50 average particlessize were mixed with MMAmonomer with concentration of 0.3, 0.5,0.7wt% to get R6G silver/MMA in liquid phase. The films weredeposited on glass substrates by dielectric barrier discharge plasmajet. The Ag/R6G/PMMA nanocomposite thin films werecharacterization by UV-Visible absorption spectra by using a doublebeam UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer and fluorescenceSpectrophotometer. The thin films surface morphological analysis iscarried out by employing an AFM and SEM. the structure analysisare achieved by X-ray diffraction. The thickness of the films wasmeasured by optical interferometric method. AFM analysis showsthat the surface roughness of plasma polymerized pure PMMA thinfilms was 2.7 nm and for (10-4 R6G + 0.7wt% Ag)Ag/R6G/PMMAthin films was 4.16 nm. The SEM images were indicates that Agnanoparticles (NPs) disperse in the PMMA matrix with uniformdistribution and formed mostly spherical NPs and slightlyagglomerate. Also the silver nanoparticles with 0.7wt%concentration enhances the absorption process by 2.3 times and thefluorescence by 1.7 times. it can be conclude, that the addition of lowconcentrations of silver nanoparticles to the PMMA/ R6G matrix waschanging the optical properties of the prepared nanocomposite thinfilms.
Microwave losses of nanostructure Li-Ni ferrites in X-band and Ku-band
Authors: Lafta Sadeq H.
Published: August 2020

The molar ratio(x) of Li-Ni ferrites in the formula Li0.5-0.5xNixFe2.5-0.5xO4 was varied in range 0.1-1.0 by hydrothermal process. TheXRD, SEM, and TEM tests were conducted to examine the samplescrystalline phase and to characterize the particles shapes and sizes.The high purity spinel structure was obtained at med and high xvalues. SEM and TEM images showed the existence of differentferrite particles shapes like nanospheres and nanorods. Themaximum particle size is around (20nm). These size encourageoccurrence of super paramagnetic state. The reflection loss andinsertion loss as microwave losses of Li-Ni ferrite-epoxy compositeof 1mm thickness and mixing ratio 39.4 wt was investigated. Theminimum reflection loss in x-band and in Ku band was about -8dBaround 10GHz and lower than -18dB respectively. The insertion lossexceeded -6dB in the two band for some samples.
Study of weathering effect on the thermal conductivity of polyvinyl chloride before and after silicon carbide addition as packaging materials
Authors: Hammed Nahida J.
Published: August 2020

The work was carried out in two stages. The first stage concernedwith study of silicon carbide (SiC) ratio (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 wt%)effect on the Thermal conductivity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC); andthe second stage concerned with the UV – weatherizing (25, 50, and75 hr), thermal aging (40, 50, and 60 °C), and rain- weatherizing (1,2.5, and 4 hr) effect on the samples involved. Thermal conductivityresults proved that there was slight increase in thermal conductivityby (SiC) loading; it increased from 0.17 W/m.K for PVC to 0.19W/m.K for 4.5% SiC/PVC; where as it was systematically decreasedby UV- weatherizing, thermal aging, and rain- weatherizing. Thisproperty is in a good agreement with general characteristics ofpackaging materials as warm or cold food packaging.
Change detection of remotely sensed image using NDVI subtractive and classification methods.
Authors: Muhsin Israa Jameel
Published: August 2020

Change detection is a technology ascertaining the changes ofspecific features within a certain time Interval. The use of remotelysensed image to detect changes in land use and land cover is widelypreferred over other conventional survey techniques because thismethod is very efficient for assessing the change or degrading trendsof a region. In this research two remotely sensed image of Baghdadcity gathered by landsat -7and landsat -8 ETM+ for two time period2000 and 2014 have been used to detect the most important changes.Registration and rectification the two original images are the firstpreprocessing steps was applied in this paper. Change detection usingNDVI subtractive has been computed, subtractive between the bandsof the two images and the ratio of the red to blue bands was alsocomputed. Change detection mask using minimum distanceclassification or detection after classification have be also used tocompute the changes between the resultant classes, many statisticalproperties of the original and process image have been illustrated inthis research
Study the variation of synodic month for the moon through 2000-2100
Authors: H.S. Abdul Rahman
Published: August 2020

In this research study the synodic month for the moon and theirrelationship with the mean anomaly for the moon orbit and date A.Dand for long periods of time (100 years), we was design a computerprogram that calculates the period of synodic months, and thecoordinates of the moon at the moment of the new moon with highaccuracy. During the 100 year, there are 1236 period of synodicmonths.We found that the when New Moon occurs near perigee (meananomaly = 0°), the length of the synodic month at a minimum.Similarly, when New Moon occurs near apogee (mean anomaly =180°), the length of the synodic month reaches a maximum. Theshortest synodic month on 2053 /1/ 16 and lasted (29.27436) days.The longest synodic month began on 2008 /11/ 27 and lasted(29.81442) days. The mean synodic month (29.53109) days. Wefound the relationship between synodic month with months. Theshortest synodic month are correlated with date (June and July) whenthe Earth is near aphelion. And the longest Synodic month arecorrelated with date (December and January) when the Earth is nearperihelion.
Study of Doppler broadening Compton scattering and cross section determination for the elements Fe, Zn, Ag, Au and Hg
Authors: Abood Wrood K.
Published: August 2020

To assess the contribution of Doppler broadening and examine theCompton profile, the Compton energy absorption cross sections aremeasured and calculated using formulas based on a relativisticimpulse approximation. The Compton energy-absorption crosssections are evaluated for different elements (Fe, Zn, Ag, Au and Hg)and for a photon energy range (1 - 100 keV). With using these crosssections,the Compton component of the mass–energy absorptioncoefficient was derived, where the electron momentum prior to thescattering event caused a Doppler broadening of the Compton line.Also, the momentum resolution function was evaluated in terms ofincident and scattered photon energy and scattering angle. The resultsof cross sections for the coherent and incoherent processes arecompared with theoretical values and reported values of otherresearchers. The present results are in agreement with the theoreticalvalues.
Structural and optical properties of CdS:Sn thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method
Authors: Ghdeeb Nadia Jasim
Published: August 2020

CdS and CdS:Sn thin films were successfully deposited on glasssubstrates by spray pyrolysis method. The films were grown atsubstrate temperatures 300 C°. The effects of Sn concentration on thestructural and optical properties were studied.The XRD profiles showed that the films are polycrystalline withhexagonal structure grown preferentially along the (002) axis. Theoptical studies exhibit direct allowed transition. Energy band gapvary from 3.2 to 2.7 eV.
Inelastic transverse magnetic dipole electron scattering form factors in 48Ca (restricted optimum configurations)
Authors: Majeed Firas Z.
Published: August 2020

Inelastic transverse magnetic dipole electron scattering formfactors in 48Ca have been investigated through nuclear shell modelin an excited state energy Ex= 10.23 MeV which is so called"mystery case" with different optional choices like effectiveinteraction, restricted occupation and core polarization interaction.40Ca as an inert core will be adopted and four orbits with eightparticles distributed mainly in 2p1f model space and in some extendrestricted to make sure about the major accuse about this type oftransition. Theoretical results have been constituted mainly withexperimental data and compared with some important theoreticalresults of the same transition.
Chaos synchronization delay in semiconductor lasers with optoelectronic feedback
Authors: Adnan Atyaf
Published: August 2020

In this work we reported the synchronization delay insemiconductor laser (SL) networks. The unidirectionalconfigurations between successive oscillators and the correlationbetween them are achieved. The coupling strength is a controlparameter so when we increase coupling strength the dynamic of thesystem has been change. In addition the time required to synchronizenetwork components (delay of synchronization) has been studied aswell. The synchronization delay has been increased by mean ofincreasing the number of oscillators. Finally, explanation of the timerequired to synchronize oscillators in the network at differentcoupling strengths.
Determination the concentration of radon in human urine using LR-115 detector
Authors: Rasheed Essam M.
Published: August 2020

In the present study twenty samples of human urine were takenfrom healthy male and female with different of: ages, occupation andplace of residence. These samples were collected from the hospital tomeasure the concentration of radon gas in human urine by using oneof solid state nuclear track detectors LR-115.The results obtained of the concentrations of radon in healthy humanurine are varying from 2.12×10-3 Bq.l-1 to 4.42×10-3 Bq.l-1 andthese values are less than the allowed limits 12.3×10-3 Bq.l-1.
Secure communications by chaotic carrier signal using Lorenz model
Authors: Kafi Dina Ahmed
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the generation of a chaotic carrier by Lorenz modelis theoretically studied. The encoding techniques has been used ischaos masking of sinusoidal signal (massage), an optical chaoticcommunications system for different receiver configurations isevaluated. It is proved that chaotic carriers allow the successfulencoding and decoding of messages. Focusing on the effect ofchanging the initial conditions of the states of our dynamical systeme.i changing the values (x, y, z, x1, y1, and z1).
A.C conductivity and dielectric properties of (PVA/ PEO) blends doped with MWCNTs
Authors: Hasan Ahmad A.
Published: August 2020

A.C electrical conductivity and dielectric properties for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) /poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) blends undopedand doped with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) withdifferent concentrations (1, and 3 wt %) in the frequency range(25x103 - 5x106 Hz) were investigated. Samples of (PVA/PEO)blends undoped and doped with MWCNTs were prepared usingcasting technique. The electrical conductivity measurements showedthat σA.C is frequency dependent and obey the relation σA.C =Aωs forundoped and doped blends with 1% MWCNTs, while it is frequencyindependent with increases of MWCNTs content to 3%. Theexponent s showed proceeding increase with the increase of PEOratio (≥50%) for undoped blends samples, while s value for dopedblends exhibits to change in different manner, i.e. s increases andreach maximum value at 50/50 PVA/PEO, then decreases forresidual doped blends samples with 1% MWCNTs on the other handthe exponent s decrease and reach minimum value at 50/50PVA/PEO for samples doped with 3% MWCNTs, then return toincrease. The results explained in different terms.
Assessment of radiological risk in the area around surface disposal at Al -Tuwaitha site
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Asia H.
Published: August 2020

The gamma dose rates and specific activity of 137Cs, 60Co and 40K insamples of soil taken from places near the landfill radiation at Al-Tuwaitha site were measured using a portable NaI(Tl) detector. Theresults of gamma dose rates in samples were ranged from 52.6nGy.h-1 to 131nGy.h-1. Then the specific activity of 137Cs, 60Co and40K in soil were determined using high pure germanium (HPGe)detector. The specific activities were varied from 1.9 to 115500 Bq.kg-1 for 137Cs, from 6.37 to 616.5 Bq. kg-1 for 60Co, and from 3 to839.5 Bq. kg-1 for 40K. The corresponding health risk for the annualeffective dose equivalent varied from 1.85×10-14 to 15.7mSv/y. Theresults were compared with various international recommendations.
Effect of CuI concentration on structural and optical properties of PVA: CuI nanocomposites
Authors: Suhail Mahdi Hasan
Published: August 2020

The nanocomposite on the base of synthesis Copper iodidenanoparticles and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA/CuI) with differentconcentration of CuI were obtained using casting technique.PVA/CuI polymer composite samples have been prepared andsubjected to characterizations using FTIR spectroscopy, The FTIRspectral analysis shows remarkable variation of the absorption peakpositions with increasing CuI concentration. The obtained results byX-ray diffraction indicated the formation of cubic CuI particles. Theeffects of CuI concentrations on the optical properties of the PVAfilms were studied in the region of wavelength, (190-1100) nm.From the derivation of Tauc's relation it was found that the directallowed transitions was more probable in PVA/ CuI nanocomposite.The results indicate that the obtained values of optical absorptionedge, and energies band gap decreases from 4.05 to3.89 eV for directtransitions with the increasing salt contents.
Impact of thickness and heat treatment on some physical properties of thin Cu2SnS3 films
Authors: Naji Iqbal S.
Published: August 2020

Copper tin sulfide (Cu2SnS3) thin films have been grown on glasssubstrate with different thicknesses (500, 750 and 1000) nm by flashthermal evaporation method after prepare its alloy from theirelements with high purity. The as-deposited films were annealed at473 K for 1h. Compositional analysis was done using Energydispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The microstructure of CTS powderexamined by SEM and found that the large crystal grains are shownclearly in images. XRD investigation revealed that the alloy waspolycrystalline nature and has cubic structure with preferredorientation along (111) plane, while as deposited films of differentthickness have amorphous structure and converted to polycrystallinewith annealing temperature for high thickness. AFM measurementsshowed that the grain size of the films was increasing by annealing.The ultraviolet- visible absorption spectrum measurement indicatedthat the films have a direct energy band gap. Eg decrease withthickness and increase with annealing.
Specific activities and radiation hazard parameters calculations of natural radionuclides in AL-Mustansiriyah university soils using NaI(Tl) detector
Authors: Kadhim Nada Farhan
Published: August 2020

The specific activities of the natural radionuclides U-238 and Th-232 and K-40 in 14 soil samples collected from different sites fromAL-Mustansiriyah university at two depths (topsoil "surface" and20cm depth) were be investigated using gamma ray spectrometer3"x3" NaI(Tl) scintillation detector.The analysis of the energy spectra of the soil samples show thatthese samples have specific activities ranging with (16.08-51.11)Bq/kg for U-238, (14.79-52.29) Bq/kg for Th-232 and (191.08-377.64) Bq/kg for K-40, with an average values of 29.37, 34.14 and289.62 Bq/kg for U-238, Th-232, k-40 respectively. The radiationhazard parameters of the natural radionuclides; radium equivalentactivity (Raeq), gamma absorbed dose rate (Dγ), annual effective doserate (Eγ), internal and external hazard index (Hin, Hex) have also beencalculated. The maximum value of specific activities and hazardparameters was found in the sample of the soil gathered from theLiterature college center. All the calculated specific activates valueswere be in the ranges of worldwide averages, and below than theglobal permissible limits, this would indicate that the soils of theUniversity is safety for both students and staff.
Energy transfer process between two laser compounds coumarin 334 & rhodamine 590
Authors: Ali AL Tememee Nathera Abass
Published: August 2020

In the current research the absorption and fluorescence spectrumof Coumarin (334) and Rhodamine (590) in ethanol solvent atdifferent concentration (10-3, 10-4, 10-5) M had been studied. Theabsorption intensity of these dyes increases as the Concentrationincrease in addition to that the spectrum was shifted towards thelonger wavelength (red shift). The energy transfer process has beeninvestigated after achievement this condition. The fluorescence peakintensity of donor molecule was decrease and its bandwidth willincreases on the contrary of the acceptor molecule its intensityincrease gradually and its bandwidth decreases as the acceptorconcentration increase.
Mechanical and physical properties of carbon nano tubes with kevlar fiber reinforced with polyester resin
Authors: Atallah Marwa Subhi
Published: August 2020

In this research study Hardness (shore D), Water absorption,Flexural, Impact Test, and Fracture Toughness of polymer nanocomposites. The polymer nano composites based on unsaturatedpolyester resin reinforced with Kevlar fibers (K.F). The samples areattended by hand lay – up method according to (Rule mixture) forvarious volume fractions of unsaturated polyester resin, fiber andcarbon nanotube. The polyester resin was matrix strengthened with3% volume fraction from Kevlar fiber and (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%)volume fractions of carbon nanotube. The water absorption, hardness(shore D), flexural test, impact test and toughness fracture propertieswere studied. Results showed that the water absorption increase withvolume fraction increase of fiber with Carbon Nanotube, the sample(polyester+3%K.F+0.5% CNTs) has lower water absorption thanother samples. The hardness (shore D), flexural test, impact test andtoughness fracture for the sample (polyester+3%C.F+0.5% CNTs)has higher value for Nano- composites.
Investigation of the Natural Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in the cyprinus carpio fishes breeding in artificial lakes of Baghdad governorate
Authors: AbdulMuhsin Zahraa A.
Published: August 2020

The steady consumption of fish led many researchers to study it preferences over other foods, especially for radioactivity content. The specific activity concentration (S.A) of natural occurring radioactive materials (NORM) have been measured for Cyprinus carpio fishes collected from several industrial fishes' lakes located in Baghdad governorate using gamma spectroscopy doped with high purity germanium coaxial detector (HPGe). Thirteen fishes' samples were collected from industrial lakes, three samples were collected from cages, and two samples were collected from Trigger River. The last two types of samples were collected in order to compare the results with it. The measured overall averages of S.A for Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 were 58.9 Bq/kg, 14.1 Bq/kg, and 388.6 Bq/kg, respectively. Some radiation health hazard indices have been estimated, such as the annual effective ingestion dose for an adult member of the public due to the intake of radionuclide through ingestion of fish (H). The results of H showed that the cage fish is better than river fishes and lakes fishes. However, the results of S.A and H strongly suggested that the studied fish is safe to use for human consumption from radiological point of view.
Design and manufacturing of supercritical drying autoclave for aerogel production
Authors: Alattar Ashraf M.
Published: August 2020

This article will address autoclave design considerations andmanufacturing working with high pressure low temperaturesupercritical drying technique to produce silica aerogel. The designelects carbon dioxide as a supercritical fluid (31.7 oC and 72.3 bar).Both temperature and pressure have independently controllingfacility through present design. The autoclave was light weight (4.5kg) and factory-made from stainless steel. It contains a high pressurewindow for monitoring both transfer carbon dioxide gas to liquidcarbon dioxide and watching supercritical drying via aerogelpreparation process. In this work aerogel samples were prepared andthe true apparent densities, total pore volume and pore sizedistribution, BET surface area, spectroscopic refractive index,structure and thermal properties have been systematicallyinvestigated characteristic.