bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LLC «Rzhevkirpich» impact on the environment and environmental management of the territory
Authors: Myagkova Christina Gennadievna , Savvateeva Olga Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

A sharp increase of anthropogenic impact on the environment has created a real threat to the ecological crisis. A huge variety of natural resources use in human activities led to the use of a systematic approach to the environmental management analysis, as well as to environmental management. This paper considers Rzhev brick factory impact on such environmental components as air, hydrosphere, soil and lithosphere. Currently, the production of bricks is one of the leading sectors of the building materials industry, accounting for more than 50% of the total production of wall materials. From the environmental point of pollution occurs at all stages of production: raw materials preparation (crushing, grinding, sifting, etc.), mixing of starting components into a homogeneous good shape commodity (preparation of press-powder with the use of emaciated and burnable additives, hydration, heating and mixing) and production with the help of various methods of pressing. As a result of the analysis the authors suggest a complex of measures to minimize negative impacts on the environment and health of workers and the public. As brick plants are widely distributed on the territory of the Russian Federation and as they are quite often located in urban areas, the market for brick production develops, the authors think that the subject is very relevant and important from a practical point of view.
Comparison of cobalt compounds content in organs and tissues of woody plants
Authors: Sibirkina Alfira Raviljevna , Likhachev Sergej Fedorovich
Published: December 2020

The paper presents results of a comparative analysis of cobalt compounds content in the organs and tissues of woody plants in pine forests of the Semipalatinsk Irtysh Republic of Kazakhstan. The investigated forests belong to the dry-steppe area of the Irtysh ribbon belt on the sands of the Irtysh and the provinces of the Priirtyshsky belt in the valleys of the ancient runoff. The investigated area of borons is characterized by a simple stand, formed by trees of approximately one height (20-25 m). The fluctuations between the heights of individual trees do not exceed 10-15%. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a species - edificator. Aspen (Populus tremula L.) and birch pendant (Betula pendula Roth.) are trees of the second size. They appeared after fires and intensive deforestation as a result of secondary succession. Particular attention was paid to needles during the analysis. Needles perform an assimilating function and determine the growth and development of other organs. The determination of cobalt compounds was carried out at the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy (IGM SB RAS) (Novosibirsk) using atomic absorption spectroscopy methods. The calculation of the biogeochemical cycle of the stand was carried out. The mass of cobalt compounds involved in the biogeochemical cycle with the total phytomass of the stand was 0,0090 t / ha, and the phytomass of the aboveground part of the tree was 0,0087 t / ha. The state of the stand according to the Kraft classification corresponds to the I-III class of vitality, depending on the site of occurrence. The stand of boron is characterized by high capacity of biological absorption of cobalt compounds. A comparative analysis of the accumulation of cobalt compounds by different types of trees was carried out. Leaves and branches of deciduous trees are characterized by the maximum accumulation of cobalt compounds in comparison with pine needles and Pinus sylvestris L. The leaves of Populus tremula L. accumulate more cobalt compounds than leaves of Betula pendula Roth. According to the series of biological absorption, cobalt is an element of strong accumulation for woody plants, based on the potential biogeochemical mobility of metals. Cobalt does not play an important role in the general circulation of substances in the forest ecosystem, based on the biotic index.
Designing the social estate of odnodvortsy of the western provinces in 1831
Authors: Troianowski Constantin Vadimovich
Published: December 2020

This article investigates the process of designing of the new social estate in imperial Russia - odnodvortsy of the western provinces. This social category was designed specifically for those petty szlachta who did not possess documents to prove their noble ancestry and status. The author analyses deliberations on the subject that took place in the Committee for the Western Provinces. The author focuses on the argument between senior imperial officials and the Grodno governor Mikhail Muraviev on the issue of registering petty szlachta in fiscal rolls. Muraviev argued against setting up a special fiscal-administrative category for petty szlachta suggesting that its members should join the already existing unprivileged categories of peasants and burgers. Because this proposal ran against the established fiscal practices, the Committee opted for creating a distinct social estate for petty szlachta. The existing social estate paradigm in Russia pre-assigned the location of the new soslovie in the imperial social hierarchy. Western odnodvortsy were to be included into a broad legal status category of the free inhabitants. Despite similarity of the name, the new estate was not modeled on the odnodvortsy of the Russian provinces because they retained from the past certain privileges (e.g. the right to possess serfs) that did not correspond to the 19th century attributes of unprivileged social estates.
Confiscation of church property in the Yenisei province (periodization and outcome)
Authors: Vdovin Alexander Sergeevich , Bobrik Iliya Eugenievich
Published: December 2020

The following paper focuses on the confiscation of church property in the Yenisei province, which was held from March 1922 to March 1923. Hunger in Volga Region was the reason for the campaign. The authors on the basis of central and regional archives review the results of the campaign, which was described earlier in the regional historiography. They also give periodization of the process in the province. The authors believe that the confiscation of church property in the Yenisei province took place in three uneven stages. The last phase was delayed for more than six months. The periodization is based on Krasnoyarsk and Moscow correspondence about the campaign. Yenisei province as most lagging in the campaign finished confiscation by the end of 1922. The authors have traced the path of church property of the local financial departments to the provincial finance department and then from Krasnoyarsk to Yekaterinburg and Moscow.
Life on the basis of morality golden rule as the idea of students’ moral education
Authors: Bezdukhov Vladimir Petrovich , Pozdnyakova Oksana Konstantinovna
Published: December 2020

This paper provides evidence of the importance and necessity of students moral education. The authors show that moral education should be based on the idea that is born in inter-transitions of thought (subjective) and conceivable (objective). It is revealed that the idea points to a lack of life, consisting in the fact that the notions of good, boon, humanity dont correspond in a true way to the reality in which a person lives and thinks about life. The authors show that all the previous development of ethical and pedagogical thinking contains the proof of the idea of good. The authors reveal that the idea as a system-forming link of the transition from values for oneself to the value for another is the pinnacle in the hierarchy of norms. The paper contains an idea of students moral education - life on the basis of morality golden rule which as value it is a link of the transition from values for oneself to the value for another, as the norm it normalizes mutual relations and human interactions with the world and people. The authors also show the difference between value and norm: value is an internal regulator of activity and behavior, norm is an external regulator. The authors reveal that the realization of morality golden rule, which contains the required, proper and prescriptive, by the teacher contributes to the ordering of the meanings of life that become its reference points and to the normalization of student interaction with the world and with people. The authors show that in the process of interaction in the context of morality golden rule, a teacher, provoking counter activity of the student in mastering his/her values, stimulates their implementation by the schoolchild in such a way that other people as well as himself/herself are guided by morality golden rule.
Pedagogical reflection development in the course of prospective elementary school teachers’ training for professional activity
Authors: Sevenyuk Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Shamina Natalya Petrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with features of pedagogical reflection development of prospective elementary school teachers during their training at a higher education institution. The authors analyze modern requirements to personal and professional qualities of a teacher, his or her social value and worthiness caused by radical modernization and cardinal transformations of Russian system of pedagogical education. The authors show that at a high school it is important for students to change position from a consumer of information to a creator of knowledge, to develop personal features, to understand the results of his or her pedagogical activity. The paper contains advantages of such an approach of ensuring systemacy of higher pedagogical education updates. Professional activity of each teacher has to be adapted to these changes. Each teacher has to understand the environment surrounding him; s/he has to be ready for continuous self-education to increase the efficiency of the daily practical activities. In this regard the authors suppose that reflection is a necessary and a major component of pedagogical activity structure. Reflection is supposed to be teachers personal analysis of his or her activity. The authors of the paper think that pedagogical activity has a reflexive character as a teacher who organizes pupils activity is obliged to correct his or her actions from a pupils position, it is obligatory to take their views into account, to see their inner world and their emotional state. On the basis of the given arguments the authors come to the conclusion that a teachers significant professional quality is his or her ability to reflect.
Technical universities students’ readiness for eco-oriented values development
Authors: Kholopov Yurii Aleksandrovich , Slugina Anastasiya Nicolaevna , Stikhanova Svetlana Alexeevna
Published: December 2020

The article discusses issues related to assessment of readiness of students of a technical College to form the foundations of ecological culture. Emphasized that the problems of modern society due to the long dominance of an anthropocentric attitude towards nature. Increasing anthropogenic pressures are often based on artificial heating of consumer demand. It is shown that the formation of eco-friendly values is impossible only through the educational process. The data of sociological survey of 183 students of the Samara state (133 boys and 50 girls) aged 17 to 22 years, who have not studied ecology. The impact of students on the environment assessed according to the method of the ecological footprint proposed by William Reese in 1992: in terms of consumption and way of life, only 16% of girls and 20% of boys fit into one planet. It is marked that a key moment in the formation of environmental culture is the choice of information sources. Revealed the following patterns of circulation the youth audience with information that the students prefer as information sources, television and online media, but trust more tutorials - 84% of girls and 70% boys; in the modern media for environmental information is presented in a minimal volume that shows the development potential of this mechanism of formation of ecological culture. Girls interested in the environmental, food safety, housing; tackling environmental issues at the level of educational institutions; environmental problems and their solutions in the region of residence. Men prioritize the following topics: activities of public ecological organizations and movements; scientific achievements in the field of ecology; global environmental issues. Only 50% of girls and 37% of boys consider themselves to be environmentally educated.
Decoration of bone and antler artefacts as an indication of Mesolithic networks (finds from a central Swedish Late Mesolithic site)
Authors: Larsson Lars , Molin Fredrik
Published: December 2020

Our knowledge of Mesolithic decorated bone and antler tools from Scandinavia has mainly been based on finds from sites and single finds from Southern Scandinavia. However, recent excavations at a Late Mesolithic site at Strandvgen in Motala, south-central Sweden, have changed the state of research and revealed a large number of bone and antler tools, some of them with decorations. The site is located on the eastern shore of Lake Vttern, the second largest lake in the south of Sweden and at the only large outlet of the lake. The site was used during a number of centuries, with a concentration of radiocarbon dates around 75007000 cal. BP. The settlement at Strandvgen is the only site in this part of Scandinavia with a large number of finds of bone and antler. The location of the site was exceptional as it was easily available by contact links to the south and north as well as east and west. This is well manifested in the find material. Leister points are the single largest group of tools, with a total of more than 400 examples. A number of these are furnished with decoration in the form of small notches on the barbs more or less in systematic order, as well as cross-hatched motifs. A small number of other tools such as slotted daggers and antler objects with shaft holes are also decorated. In comparison with southern Sweden and Denmark, similarities are obvious concerning both the choice of motifs and the variety of their execution. The only other area in the Baltic region with a number of decorated objects is the East Baltic. However the chronological relevance is uncertain. For example one can find leister points with similarities to the finds at Strandvgen among the finds from Lake Lubāna in south-eastern Latvia. The question of how many of the motifs, and how they are executed is a pan-Mesolithic phenomenon within Northern Europe and how much can be related to specific regional markings.
Early Neolithic pottery from Central Asia to Denmark
Authors: Andreev Konstantin Mikhailovich , Vybornov Alexander Alexeevich
Published: December 2020

This paper focuses on the analysis of the Early Neolithic cultures pottery on the vast territory from the Aral Sea region in the east to Denmark in the west. The most stable typological and technological features of ancient pottery are singled out: profiled upper part of the vessels, pointed bottom, poor ornamentation, pit or dash patterns under the rim, the compositions are represented by intersecting lines like an oblique lattice. The vessels are made of silty clay mixed with chamotte. The fragments of the surfaces are smoothed with a soft object. This set of features can be traced for the pottery of cultures in the Aral Sea region, forest-steppe part of the Volga region (Povolzhye), Don and Dnepr regions, up to Jutland. The radiocarbon dates for the Early Neolithic culture of the area of interest demonstrate their rather ancient age in the eastern part of the area (6200 ВС) and rather smooth transition to younger (5900 ВС) in the western zone. There is a combined chronointerval for the monuments of Elshanka and Erteblle cultures. The reason for the eastern trend in the appearance of the earliest pottery to the west of the Aral Sea region could be climatic disturbances (aridization), while household components became the instrument for the early pottery appearance in the west.
Cultural borders of elshanskaya ceramic tradition
Authors: Stavitsky Vladimir Vyacheslavovish
Published: December 2020

Elshansky type of settlements was distinguished in the 1970s and 80s years after researches of a number of the settlements with weakly ornamented ceramics with sharp bottom that have profiled brims in the forest-steppe of Zavolzhe. Close analogues to elshansky type of ceramics in the materials of the next regions has not been found, but there were some parallels in the utensil of settlements of Strumel-Gastyatin type. It was already highlighted two types of elshanskaya ceramics: 1) with sharp bottom and profiled, 2) with straight walls and flat-bottomed. Later this lead to change the concept of elshansky type of ceramics. Because the choosing analogues to two types of elshanskaya ceramics began to find on a number of early Neolithic settlements from the Urals to the basin of the river Don. Meanwhile, such features as the shape of the vessels, weakly ornamented walls, belong to the category of the elementary and their convergent appearance is very likely. Only the transfer of the set of complex signs which are not recorded between materials of elshanka-Strumel-Gastyatin-Artibelle could serve the argument of the succession, but which take place between the ceramics Yelshanka and materials of the Baltic settlement Swidze.
Distribution of the Corded Ware Cultures traditions in the Upper Western Dvina region in the III millennium BC
Authors: Tkach Evgenia Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

The following paper presents analysis of the Corded Ware cultures materials in the North-West Russia. The investigation involved materials from 4 archaeological settlements and finds (stone battle-axes) from the Pskov region. The main attention is focused on three principal categories of the Corded Ware cultures artifacts: pottery with cord ornamentation, triangular arrowheads, and stone-battle axes. The paper gives a complex description of ceramic: technology of making pottery, morphology and ornamentation. Stone battle-axes were considered in the context of all Corded Ware cultures materials in the presented region for the first time. Comparison of these materials with other artifacts of the Corded Ware cultures, as well as using methods of relative and absolute chronology, made it possible to trace new directions of the cultural contacts at the beginning of the III millennium BC. The result of these migrations and/or cultural influences from the territory of south-western Europe is the spread of cord impressions on ceramic vessels, emergence of new shapes of pottery and new types of stone battle-axes. The further development is associated with the influence of the Baltic Coast culture. It was the key to the formation of the North-Belarusian culture, which existed in the presented region from the second half of the III millennium BC and is included to the circle of the Corded Ware cultures.
Technological features of ceramic complex of 2nd fourth of I millennium AD of Sosenki settlement in the Ulyanovsk Region
Authors: Nikitina Anna Valerievna
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with typological and technological analyses of the pottery of the Sosenki settlement of the Ulyanovsk region. The author identified 3 morphological groups of vessels among the available material on the basis of external features that are based on vessels shape and surface treatment. Technical-and-technological analysis of ceramics, based on the methods of A.A. Bobrinsky, was carried out for the purpose of determining the characteristics of the initial raw material, traditions of composing the pasts and the character of the calcination of the vessels. The analysis of the preparatory stage of the pottery process confirmed the presence of some differences in the selected groups mainly related to the features of the dimension and calibration of grog in the paste. In conclusion, it is proposed to assign this complex to the Upper Don cultural traditions. However, it is pointed out that a very limited amount of material still requires only the introduction of a scientific use without focusing on cultural interpretations. Settlement dating based on mass material can not be determined smaller than within the C2-D2 phases. The settlement dates back to the pre-Imenkovo period and materials may find later echoes on the sites of Samara Bend.
Diversity of cultivated heterotrophic bacteria selected from surface waters of the Vostok Bay of the Japanese Sea
Authors: Golozubova Julia Sergeevna , Buzoleva Lyubov Stepanovna , Bogatyrenko Elena Aleksandrovna , Kim Alexandra Vyacheslavovna , Eskova Alena Igorevna
Published: December 2020

In this article, the taxonomic diversity of cultivated heterotrophic microorganisms of the surface waters of Bay Vostok of Peter the Great Bay of the Japan Sea was considered. In the bay Vostok total number of heterotrophic microorganisms was 2,0310⁵ КОЕ/ml which can be attributed to mezazoprobnye sea water. Microorganisms isolated from this coastal area are represented by 4 phylums. The cultivated microorganisms were dominated by representatives of the phylum Proteobacteria, which accounted for more than 50% of the total taxonomic diversity of the cultivated bacteria of the Vostok Bay. Phylums of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were also isolated. The taxonomic diversity of microbial community was represented by 15 genus. Based on the phenotypic characteristics, cultured heterotrophic bacteria was classified into the genera Rhodococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Actynomycetes sp., Bacillus sp., Sarcina sp., Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., Arthrobacter sp., Vibrio sp., Halomonas sp., Flavobacterium sp., Acetobacter sp., and Marinococcus sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Aeromonas sp., Staphylococcus sp. Sanitation-indicative bacteria in this bay were not identified, which indicates a slight anthropogenic impact. Thus bay Vostok was really insignificant recreational stress and it was reflected on marine microbial community.
Structure features of Artemisia salsoloides Willd. (Asteraceae) coenotic populations in the Samara Region
Authors: Zenkina Tatyana Evgenievna , Ilina Valentina Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

Artemisia salsoloides Willd. (Asteraceae) is included in the Red Books of Russia and various regions, including the Samara Region. It is characterized by a narrow confinement to the ecological and phytocenotic conditions of habitats. We studied the structure of the populations of the species. Traditional stationary methods for cenotic populations study were used. The spatial structure was estimated using modern mathematical methods, calculation of K (r) Ripley functions and Ripley cross-functions was performed. The phytogenic fields of species that grow together with A. salsoloides are characterized. The research area includes the Samara Predvolzhye and Samara Zavolzhye region. In the averaged age spectrum, the predominant group is the mature generative group, which is slightly inferior in number to the old generative fraction. The features of the spatial distribution of A. salsoloides in the population of Sernovodsky Shihan (Sergievsky District of the Samara Region) are studied. Here Artemisia is dominant in the community Artemisia salsoloides Willd. + Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall. Stipa korshinskyi Roshev. The density of A. salsoloides in the studied coenopopulation is 1,7 individuals per 1 m. Pregenerative individuals are randomly distributed. The generative individuals repel each other for a distance of 0,2 m, followed by random placement. There is a tendency to form aggregations of 0,6 m. The estimation of the mutual placement of A. salsoloides and Stipa korshinskyi, as well as Oxytropis floribunda, indicates a slight repulsion of individuals at a distance of 0,2 m, with Hedysarum grandiflorum a significant repulsion at a distance of 0,4 m with the subsequent random placement of all representatives. The specimens of A. salsoloides and Ephedra distachya, as well as Scabiosa isetensis, have a random placement.
Ontogenetic variability of morphological characters of Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. on different species of trees in different ecological conditions
Authors: Suetina Yulia Gennadjevna
Published: December 2020

The current paper is about the morphological characters variability of the epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri. The studies were conducted on the territory of the Mari El Republic in the flooded lime-tree forest of the Bolshaya Kokshaga river. The thalli of E. prunastri of different ontogenetic states (v₁, v₂, g₁v, g₂v, g₃v, ss) were collected on Tilia cordata, Padus avium, Quercus robur at a stem height of 0,5 to 2 m and on Abies sibirica branches at heights of 34 m, 56 m, 78 m. Tilia cordata is the most favorable substrate for the development of E. prunastri thalli for most of its characters. The character of the thallus development (the length of the thallus) is minimal in Padus avium. The characters of death (the number of dead branches, the length of the cortex blackening area) are maximal on Padus avium, which indicates more accelerated aging processes of the thallus in this phorophyte. The thallus of E. prunastri, which grows on the branches of Abies sibirica, has the largest lengths at heights of 34 and 56 m in comparison with the height of 78 m. At higher altitudes, longer soralia are formed, hence, more soredia are formed. The values of most characters of E. prunastri, which grows on the right bank of the Bolshaya Kokshaga river are bigger than on the left bank, which is due to differences in the lighting of habitats. The length of the soralia on the right bank (the best lighting) is more in Quercus robur than in Tilia cordata. The variability of morphological characters is manifested in different ways in different ontogenetic states.
Current state and forecast of changing hydrobiont communities in the construction zone of the Nizhny Novgorod low-pressure hydrounit
Authors: Shurganova Galina Vasilevna , Okhapkin Alexandr Gennadievich , Gavrilko Dmitriy Evgenievich , Vodeneeva Ekaterina Leonidovna , Kudrin Ivan Aleksandrovich , Puhnarevich Dmitriy Anatolievich , Nizhegorodcev Alexandr Alexandrovich , Gelashvili David Bezhanovich
Published: December 2020

The authors of the paper think that it is necessary to study the structural and functional changes of hydrobiocenoses in case of river runoff regulation and new reservoir creation to make competent, ecologically correct management decisions. The widespread use of the analogy method for the ecological forecasts of reservoirs state is shown. At the present time, the issue of diagnostics of ecological systems which falls into the zone of impact of the planned construction of the Nizhny Novgorod low-pressure hydrounit (NNPG) in the river hydraulics zone of the Cheboksary water reservoir has been actualized. The authors characterize the current state of the species structure of phyto-, zooplanktonocenosis and zoobenthocoenoses of this zone, including species richness, the ratio of quantitative indicators of the main systematic groups and dominant species. The paper shows hydrobiocenoses formation sources and types of anthropogenic impact on them. The authors forecast changes in the structural and functional characteristics of the communities of hydrobionts of the Sormovsky reservoir, taking into account the expected ecological situation after the construction of the Nizhny Novgorod low-pressure hydrounit, including the main limiting factors. As an analogue of a new reservoir, the Cheboksary reservoir in the first years of its existence was chosen. The possibility of spreading new invasive species (Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908), Diaphanosoma orghidani (Negrea, 1982) and Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899)) is considered in the paper. In conclusion the authors suggest permanent monitoring of the new reservoir.
Kurgan Halvay 5 - a complex of Sintashta culture from Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Logvin Andrey Viktorovich , Shevnina Irina Viktorovna , Kolbina Alina Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the study results of kurgan Halvay 5, which is located on the left bank of the Tobol branch of the Karatomar Reservoir (Northern Kazakhstan, Kostanay Region) 7 km to the north-east of Halvay and 500 m to the north-east of the Sintashta kurgan Halvay 3. The diameter of the kurgan is 30 m with a moat, the height is 0,8 m. Five burials were recorded under the embankment of the kurgan. All the primary burials of the kurgan Halvay 5 belong to the XXI century BC to Sintashta culture. All the main burials of the kurgan Halvay 5 were robbed in antiquity. The moat after the burial of the deceased (at least at the time of the robbery of the pits) was not filled up for a while. Funerary chambers have an overlapping of boards and logs, their walls are lined with bark and grass, the bottom is also covered with grass and bark. In the course of the study, the following analyses were performed: anthropological, paleozoological, paleobotanical, dendrochronological, X-ray fluorescent (XRF), radiocarbon. The sacrificial complex is represented by cattles, sheeps, and horses. The finds obtained as a result of the study of the kurgan Halvay 5 are: ceramic vessels, a bronze ax-adzo, stone arrowheads, abrasives and a zoomorphic altar. In the kurgan the Early Sarmatian burial was investigated.
Colonial experience and the theory of counter-guerrilla warfare in the USA: a symposium of RAND, April 16-20, 1962 as a historic source
Authors: Malkin Stanislav Gennad’evich , Nesterov Dmitriy Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes the materials of the symposium held by the RAND Corporation from 16 to 20 April 1962. Its purpose was to generalize the experience of past combat conflicts, which could contribute to an effective fight against insurgents in future conflicts. Twelve military officers of the armies of the United States, Britain, France and Australia participated in this symposium. All of them took part in counter-guerrilla operations around the world Algeria, China, Greece, Kenya, Laos, Malaya, Oman, South Vietnam and the Philippines. Their rich experience formed the basis of this symposium. The goals and objectives of the symposium, the features of the materials and the biographies of the participants are consecrated in details in the paper. The questions discussed at the meeting are discussed in details. They are characteristics and examples of guerrilla warfare; primary objectives of counterinsurgency and some effective organizational and operational approaches; tactics and techniques of counter-guerrilla warfare; principles and techniques of political action; psychological warfare and civil actions; intelligence and counterintelligence: problems and techniques of intelligence-gathering, and the importance of communications; British campaign in Kenya; selection of personnel for counterinsurgency; special role of the advisor; winning the Counterguerrilla War. The conclusion of the paper shows a special significance of the materials of this symposium for the study of military thought during the Cold War, and especially the influence of the colonial experience of European empires on US foreign policy.
Preparation of future biology teachers to their educational upbringing functions
Authors: Semenov Alexander Alexeevich , Yaitsky Andrey Stepanovich
Published: December 2020

An upbringing of the younger generation is an important task of modern education. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education has shaped a system of training of future biology teachers to prepare them for implementation of upbringing functions. The developed system includes psychological, pedagogical and methodological disciplines, on-the-job practices and research work, as well as final State attestation. All components of the system are interrelated; they influence and complement each other. Within a framework of disciplines of Theory and Technology of Education and Pedagogical Psychology, future teachers are learning the essence of upbringing, its purpose and tasks, subject matter, principles, patterns, directions, methods, technologies and evaluation criteria. While studying the Methodology of biology teaching discipline students get acquainted with a system of upbringing education and master methodical approaches to the formation of various elements of bringing up: formation of ideology and patriotic education, morals and aesthetics, ecology and hygiene, labor and sex educations, etc. Magistracy course of Methodology of biology teaching is supplemented by optional Upbringing and socialization of students in process of biology learning. The latter is designed to prepare students to yield upbringing and socialization of students by means of biology education. Future teachers are gaining practical skills on acquired knowledge during the periods of on-the-job practices, research work and final State attestation.
Bioecological analysis of Mountain Kuznetsov vascular plants
Authors: Golovlyov Aleksey Alekseevich , Makarova Yulia Vladimirovna , Prokhorova Nataliya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

According to the vegetation duration the vascular plants grow on Kuznetsov Mountain form such groups as: summer vegetative species (216 species, 80,9%), summer-winter-green species (44 species, 16,5%), evergreen, spring-green, spring-early-summer-green (2 species, 0,7% each) and summer-green or summer-winter-green vascular plants (1 species, 0,4%). Depending on the pollination ways the entomophillic plants prevail (206 species, 77,1%), whereas anemophiles (40 species, 15,0%), self-polinated (3 species, 1,1%) and species combining entomophilia with self-pollination (8 species, 3,0%), entomophilia with anemophilia (1 species, 0,4% %) are also presented. According to spreading seeds ways the species form the following descending series: diplohories and polychories (79 species, 29,6%) ballists, anemochores (55 species, 20,6% each) zoochores (31 species, 11,6%) barochores (29 species, 10,8%) automechanochores (8 species, 3,0%) hydrochores (1 species, 0,4%). Depending on the ecomorph structure of vegetation, the cenomorphs descending row includes: silvants (75 species, 28,1%), pratants (48 species, 18,0%) and ruderants (46 species, 17,2%), the same for trophomorphs - mesotrophs (154 species, 57,7%), among the hygromorphs - mesophytes (98 species, 36,8%) and xeromesophytes (58 species, 21,7%), among heliomorphs - heliophytes (152 species, 56,9%) and scioheliophytes (66 species, 24,7%), among the thermomorphs - mesotherms (195 species, 73,0%).
Taxonomic and biomorphological structure of Mountain Kuznetsov vascular plants flora (Samara Region, Volzhsky District)
Authors: Makarova Yulia Vladimirovna , Golovlyov Aleksey Alekseevich , Prokhorova Nataliya Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The presence of 267 vascular plants species from 190 genera, 63 families, 26 orders, 4 classes (Equisetopsida, Polypodiopsida, Pinopsida, Angiospermae) and 3 divisions (Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta, Spermatophyta) was established for Kuznetsov Mountain. The absolute majority of species belong to Spermatophyta (258 species, 96,7%), Angiospermae (257 species, 96,3%), Dicotyledones (228 species, 85,4%). Vascular spore plants are represented by 9 species belonging to 6 genera ( Equisetum , Matteuccia , Athyrium , Cystopteris , Dryopteris , Pteridium ), 5 families (Equisetaceae, Onocleaceae, Woodsiaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae), 2 classes (Equisetopsida, Polypodiopsida) and 2 divisions (Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta). The leading families according the species diversity are Compositae (44 species, 16,5%), Leguminosae (22 species, 8,2%) and Rosaceae (18 species, 6,7%). The leading families according the number of genera are Compositae (29 genera, 15,3%), Rosaceae (14 genera, 7,4%) and Labiatae (13 genera, 6,8%). The largest number of species is concentrated in the genera Trifolium (7 species), Viola , Campanula , Galium and Carex (4 species each). According to the climamorphic system of K. Raunkiaer, hemicryptophytes predominate in the flora (148 species, 55,4%). According to the biomorph system I.G. Serebryakov and T.I. Serebryakova - perennial polycarpic short-stemmed, long-rooted, and rod-root grasses (47,0%) predominate. 76,8% of the species are vegetatively still and immobile.
Juglans L. genus trees influence on cellulolytic soil activity in Samara University Botanical Garden Dendrarium
Authors: Pomogaybin Efim Alexandrovich , Pomogaybin Alexander Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

Woody plants change qualitatively and quantitatively the substances dynamics into the soil environment, acting on intercepting and saturating them with discharge from the leaves and material precipitated from the air. The arrival of the ground (leaf litter) and underground (root-slope) mort mass influences the chemical processes in the soil and its morphological structure changing. By forming and releasing litter, the trees indirectly activate the soil microflora. The nut plants, forming seeds rich in proteins and lipids, have been used by humans since ancient times as food, medicinal plants, a source of biologically active substances. The nuts ( Juglans ) introduction history in Samara University Botanical Garden begins from the moment of the garden creation. Our work presents the results of the evaluation of the cellulolytic activity of the soil under the walnut trees in Samara University Botanical Garden Dendrarium. The soil sampling were carried out in September 2011 in the sub-crown space for the trees of J. regia and J. nirga (for each species - old, middle age, young specimens), other Juglans species ( J. ailanthifolia, J. mandshurica, J. cinerea, J. сordiformis, J. microcarpa ) were also tested. The determination of cellulolytic activity was carried out by the application method in Petri dishes. Visual examination of exposed paper samples showed its sufficient safety in the control and strong destruction under the influence of the soil in variants J. regia (old tree), J. nirga (all variants), J. regia . A comparison of the results obtained with the data of 2009 showed that the cellulolytic activity of the soil varies from year to year, under the influence of weather conditions.
Assessment of «Leopard Land» National Park and the «Kedrovaya Pad» Reserve landscapes potential resistance to visitor impact
Authors: Somova Eugenia Gennadievna , Sazykin Andrei Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

The paper considers potential resistance of the Leopard Land national park and the Kedrovaya Pad reserve landscapes to visitor impact. The landscapes resistance map to visitor impact for both protected areas has been created based on the materials of permissible visitor impact on the plant communities in Primorsky Region. It has been revealed that the majority of resistant plant communities to visitor impact are concentrated in southern and central parts of the Leopard Land national park, while the most vulnerable landscapes are located in the northern part. Relatively stable landscapes occupy 75% of the recreational zone and 94% of the economic zone of the Leopard Land national park that helps to develop tourism in the national park. The recreational use of the Kedrovaya Pad reserve should be strictly regulated due to its status of reserve and high amount of black-fir broad-leaved forests, which locate on 30% of the reserve area. The paper proposes a method for conversion the values of permissible visitor impact from areal to linear scale. It has been identified that the carrying capacity of the planned routes in the Leopard Land national park varies from 10 people per day (with an allowable recreational load of 0,5 people/ha) up to 70 people per day (with an allowable load of 3,5 people/ha) without construction of impact-resistant trails and additional management strategies. The obtained results would be of interest to managers of the protected areas and their goal of carrying out rational tourism.
«...Inextinguishable spark of love for science appeared in me during the anniversary of the Academy...» (The memories of P.V. Ivanov - young participant of the 200th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences)
Authors: Brovina Alexandra Aleksandrovna , Egorova Svetlana Lvovna
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to one of the iconic pages in the history of academic science - the 200th anniversary of the USSR Academy of Sciences. A broad program of the science holiday on an international scale with the invitation of foreign scientists, pointed to the scientific and political significance of the event, both to raise the prestige of the Academy of Sciences, and to demonstrate to the international community the loyalty of the scientific elite to the new government. Researchers repeatedly turned to the analysis of this event and stressed its importance. However, on the eve of the next anniversary, it is interesting to show this event from an unofficial position, attracting sources of personal origin. The paper focuses on the unpublished memoirs of Pavel Vladimirovich Ivanov (1906-1990), scientist-teacher, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, honored teacher of the Karelian ASSR. In 1925 he as a young local historian from the city of Soligalich of the Kostroma province became a participant of the academic celebrations. The impressions of this event predetermined his future destiny and choice of profession. P.V. Ivanov having traveled from a pupil of a rural school, keen on local lore studies, to a schoolteacher, and then a university professor, laid down in his students - future teachers - the idea to raise the pupils interest, love and desire for young naturalists, local lore, scientific and research work.
Integrative-modular technology of general chemistry teaching
Authors: Perederina Irina Aleksandrovna , Tveryakova Elena Nikitichna , Miroshnichenko Yuliya Yurievna , Drygunova Larisa Alexandrovna , Zykova Mariya Vladimirovna , Zholobova Galina Aleksandrovna , Golubina Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with integrative and modular technology of teaching General Chemistry to medical students that was developed and implemented at Chemistry Department of Siberian State Medical University. To design educational programs, the paradigm of training was exchanged to the paradigm of productive exercises with greater independence of students who become designers of their own knowledge, professional and universal competences. The content block of this discipline consists of two components: invariant and variant. Invariant component includes elective course on the chemistry of biologically active compounds. The paper describes the use of combination of academic and innovative methods and technologies of training. An approximate algorithm is offered for the course module, which focuses on the adsorption equilibrium and processes. It includes theoretical training, provided by textbooks, lecture text and teaching aids. Students assess the quality of academic work on their own with the help of tests and in the implementation of practical tasks in laboratory studies.
Radioecological situation on the territory of the Volga Region Department of Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring in 2016
Authors: Zalybina Yuliya Nikolaevna , Grigoriev Vasily Semenovich , Sklyuev Valeriy Vitalyevich
Published: December 2020

The environment quality is an extremely relevant question, including taking into account radio-ecological situation. The development of local agriculture should take into account various radiation parameters that determine the current radiation situation. In particular, it is necessary to do regular radioecological monitoring of environmental pollution of the Samara Region and adjacent territories on the main types of radiometric observations. The paper focuses on the reliable and rapid detection of radioactive contamination, assessment of the radiation situation with the help of radio-ecological control of natural environment components. In the paper on the basis of the Volga Region Department of Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring data the authors assess the radiation situation in the settlements of Samara, Saratov, Orenburg, Penza and Ulyanovsk Regions. The paper contains values of aerosols -activity concentration in the surface layer of the atmosphere as well as the data of the average annual values in Samara and adjacent regions. According to the data of radioecological monitoring the level of total -activity of radioactive fallout from the atmosphere is shown. The maximum values of the total -activity concentration of the atmospheric surface layer aerosols were recorded in summer, which is due to the secondary wind dust rise from the contaminated areas. It was shown that the average annual value of the total -activity of aerosols according to the results of studies is within the normal limits. The paper also contains conclusions about the degree of danger of the atmosphere surface layer contamination by technogenic radionuclides.
Territory heterogeneity study on the «types-areas» curve for a research of its floristic structure (on the example of the Soksky physiographic area)
Authors: Ivanova Anastasiya Viktorovna , Kostina Natalia Viktorovna , Lysenko Tatyana Mikhaylovna
Published: December 2020

The Sok district is an elevated-flat forest-steppe region located in the northwestern part of Samara Region. A sufficiently large area of its territory can provide a variety of natural conditions, as a result of which there may be differences in the species composition of the flora of its parts. After the accumulation of data on the distribution of species across the territory, it is possible to study the change in species composition in different directions using the curve number of species-area. Zones of the most mass inflow of species can be considered as a different floristic region, having a different species composition. Taking into account the geographical configuration of the Sok district, the study was carried out in two directions: latitudinal (from north to south and from south to north), and also along the direction of the river bed (from the sources of the Sok River to the mouth and from the mouth to the sources). When studying the curve number of species-area in all cases, in addition to primary accumulation, there was an increase in the number of species in the middle region, and also at the end of the ascent. Accordingly, the identified heterogeneity of the species composition of the flora of the Sok district is divided into four zones. They were proposed to be considered as reference units for studying the floristic structure of the territory that is, determining the possible number of complete floras. When increasing the list with an increase in area, in addition to increasing the number of species, the position and proportion of some of the leading families were monitored. The constancy of families location should be noted: they do not change places and retain a sequence of locations. Only a share of the family in the series of floristic sampling is changing. The Sok physical-geographical district is a typical territory for the Fabaceae-zone. On its territory there is no change in the types of floras. We estimated the species specificity of the Sok physical-geographical district in relation to the Melekess-Stavropol region bordering it, located in the forest-steppe province of the Lowland Transvolga. The reference units of the flora of the two regions differ within different floras.