bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salivary Zinc Levels in Mixed Unstimulated Saliva of Children and its Correlation with Dental Caries
Authors: Mathur Anmol , Mathur Aditi , Aggarwal Vikram Pal , Jain Ridam
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Zinc is the second most abundant trace element in human and animals. It is essential for the growth and development in humans and has diverse roles. While the effects of zinc on calculus and plaque growth have been reviewed extensively, its interaction with dental caries has received less attention.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study done on 60 children belonging to 4–6 and 12–14 years of age groups (30 children in each age group). After intraoral examination, the patients were categorised into low caries (deft <2) and high caries category (deft more than 5), with 15 children in each group. Saliva samples were collected, and the estimation of salivary zinc was done by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis used was Student's t-test, applied to test the association between high and low caries group.

Results:

The mean values of salivary zinc levels are significantly higher in the low caries category of both groups. The difference in mean salivary zinc values computed for Student's t-test among high and low caries category is found to be highly significant for both the age groups.

Conclusion:

Salivary zinc levels are negatively correlated with dental caries experience in both the dentition. The authors conclude that zinc can be used in toothpaste to reduce the caries prevalence.
Comparison of Immediate and Delayed Loading of Dental Implants in Mandibular Posterior Teeth
Authors: Shaik Khadar Vali , Albilasi Rakan Menwer , Arqoub Albalawi Bader Falah , Alruwaili Faris Alturqi , Sanaka Sankar Rao
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

The study is aimed to compare the clinical outcome of immediate and delayed loaded single tooth implants in replacement of mandibular posterior tooth in consideration with implant stability quotient, bleeding on probing, probing depth, implant mobility, marginal bone loss and peri-implant radiolucency.

Materials and Methods:

The study consisted of 20 patients who were divided into two groups and compared: Group A is an immediately loaded group with ten patients who received implants in the mandibular posterior tooth region along with abutment on the same day and acrylic crown placed within 48 h and the second group is a conventionally loaded group of ten patients who received the implant in the mandibular posterior tooth region in which the cover screw was placed and conventionally loaded after 3 months. Implant stability quotient, implant mobility, bone loss and peri-implantitis were assessed at 1st and 6th months after loading. All patients were evaluated for the parameters at 1st, 3rd and 6th months after loading in both the groups.

Results:

Probing depths obtained for all twenty patients after 1 and 6 months of loading were within the normal range (1–3 mm). In Group A, the mean probing depth after 1-month loading was 1.8 mm with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.63 and after 6 months of loading 1.2 mm with SD 0.42. In Group B, the mean of the probing depth after 1 month of loading is 1.8 mm with SD 0.42 and remained the same post loading after 6 months. Marginal bone loss was measured mesially and distally after 1 month and 6 months in both the groups. The standard intraoral periapical radiograph was used to evaluate peri-implant radiolucency. No patient showed peri-implantitis for 6-month follow-up after loading of implants.

Conclusion:

Immediate loading of an implant in a single mandibular posterior tooth can be an effective treatment modality and a promising alternative to delayed loading.
Midterm Clinical Results of Bankart Repair, Bankart Remplissage, and Latarjet Procedures for Treating Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Saremi Hossein , Saneii Ali , Goodarzi Bijan
Published: October 2021

Introduction

: This study compared the midterm outcomes of pain, apprehension and range of motion in the shoulder after three arthroscopic procedures including Bankart repair, Bankart repair plus remplissage, and Latarjet surgeries, in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation.

Materials and Methods

: We evaluated 128 patients who had undergone anterior shoulder instability surgery at least 4 years ago in our centre based on pain, apprehension and range of motion of both shoulders. Pain was assessed with visual analogue scale, apprehension by physical examination and range of motion with goniometer. We divided them into three groups based on their treatment: (1) Bankart repair, (2) Bankart remplissage and (3) Laterjet procedure.

Results

: There were 34 patients with Bankart repair, 68 with Bankart remplissage and 26 with Latarjet procedure. The mean of follow-up time was 6.2 years. There was only one re-dislocation. Apprehension was positive in two patients of Bankart repair, eight patients of Bankart remplissage and none of Latarjet procedure groups. The movement limitation average of the external rotation was 9.12° in Bankart repair, 7° in Bankart rempilssage and 18.53° in Latarjet procedure groups. The means of visual analogue scales were 0.29, 0.76, and 0.38 in Bankart repair, Bankart remplissage and Latarjet procedure groups.

Conclusion

: All operations had had satisfactory results. Remplissage does not induce more restriction on the range of motion. However, in case of more bone loss in the humeral head, apprehension seems to be more positive in those who do remplissage. Latarjet procedure seems to be very effective but causes more range of motion restrictions.
A Comparison of Homocysteine, Troponin, Cobalamin and Folate Status in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Niazi Abbas Ali , Karajibani Mansour , Ghassami Keivan , Montazerifar Farzaneh , Iranneghad Maryam , Bolouri Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Homocysteine (HCY), troponin, cardiac markers, folic acid and Vitamin B12 are known as the potential biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis. This study was designed to evaluate these markers as candidate biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and prevention of AMI.

Materials and Methods:

This study was carried out on 40 AMI patients and 40 healthy subjects. After taking blood, HCY level was measured by an enzymatic, troponin and Vitamin B12, while the level of folic acid was determined by the radioimmunoassay method. In addition, the cardiac enzyme markers and lipid profile were measured by commercial kits and spectrophotometric method.

Results:

The results showed that patients' HCY levels were significantly more than the control group. Furthermore, the level of troponin was significantly different in the two groups (P = 0.0001), while serum levels of cardiac enzyme markers were significantly higher in patients (P < 0.01). Moreover, serum folic acid and Vitamin B12 levels differed between the two groups (P > 0.05). A positive correlation was identified between HCY with cholesterol (r = 0.32, P < 0.04) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (r = 0.38, P < 0.02) in the patients.

Conclusion:

Elevated fasting HCY and troponin concentration are related to the lower circulation of folate and Vitamin B12 levels in the patients. The deficiency of these vitamins plays a role as an independent factor in HCY metabolism. As our findings revealed, despite a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the level of LDL-C increased in the patients. It can be inferred that merging enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers might be more valuable in the diagnosis of AMI.
Dermatoglyphics Findings in Intellectual Disability Children with Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Sariza Astri Anindya , Maristka Ziske , Hayati Lusia , Inggarsih Rara , Purnamasari Septi
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Intellectual disability is a condition, in which mental development is incomplete or hindered, causing the individuals to encounter difficulties in everyday learning. Some of the conditions with intellectual disability can be seen in dermatoglyphics due to the same period formation between fingerprints and the neocortex. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of dermatoglyphics in intellectual disability individuals with Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach on children with intellectual disabilities diagnosed with Down syndrome, ASD and ADHD in a special needs school in Palembang.

Results:

Of all 86 respondents, 31 (36%) had Down syndrome, 30 (34.88%) had ASD and 25 (29.07%) had ADHD. The most commonly found fingerprint patterns in Down syndrome, ASD and ADHD were ulnar loop patterns (80.96%, 59.67% and 46.8%, respectively). The mean pattern Intensity Index values were 11.03 for Down syndrome, 13.06 for ASD and 14.36 for ADHD. The mean Dankmeijer Index values were 3.57 in Down syndrome, 12.07 in ASD and 16 in ADHD. The mean Furuhata Index values were 18.72 in Down syndrome, 107.29 in ASD and 146.22 in ADHD. The angle of axial triradius digital in Down syndrome, ASD and ADHD was mostly on the right and left palm: 3°–65°.

Conclusions:

The majority of intellectual disability individuals with Down syndrome, ASD and ADHD shared relatively the same dermatoglyphic findings, especially in the fingerprint pattern, yet show differences in some measurements.
Proximal Femoral Nail Anti-Rotation-2 in Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Albaker Abdulmalik Baker
Published: October 2021

Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA)-2 is an intramedullary implant designed specifically for the Asian population for managing intertrochanteric (IT) fractures among the elderly. We presented this cases series with an objective to use and document the effectiveness of PFNA-2 for the management of unstable IT fracture among patients aged 60 years and above in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Four females were treated above 65 years with severe pain in the hip region after a trivial fall on the ground over a period of 2 years (2018–2020), diagnosed with T3 and T4 unstable IT fracture. All the patients were hypertensive, with two having diabetes. It was decided to manage the fracture site by PFNA-II implant following baseline clinical and biochemical investigations. The duration of surgery took around 70–75 min with a blood loss of 100–150 ml, and there was no intraoperative complication. Early mobilisation and toe touch walking was achieved within 2 days postoperatively. Harris hip score was 'good' for all patients within 3 months, which became 'excellent' after 6 months for all except one. Union was achieved in all the cases with a full weight-bearing period ranging from 9 to 11 weeks. The usage of PFNA-2 for IT fractures among elderly having co-morbidities such diabetes and hypertension is perfectly promising good results for such reason we strongly recommend it. However, future prospective clinical trials using sufficient sample size, comparing PFNA-2 with PFN and dynamic hip screws are needed for better decision-making.
Incidence of Urinary Tract Injury While Performing Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy and Role of Cystoscopy
Authors: Choudhary Sumesh Divakant , Mishra Vineet V , Shah Kunur N , Aggarwal Rohina S , Solanki Smit B
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure performed by a gynaecological endoscopic surgeon. Urinary tract injuries, though rare, is a serious complication requiring early detection and management. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and risk factors for injury to the lower urinary tract during total laparoscopic hysterectomy and the role of cystoscopy in diagnosing the injury.

Materials and Methods:

All patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign disease from January 1, 2017, to November 1, 2019, at the Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre were included. Intraoperative cystoscopy with oral Pyridium given before surgery was routinely performed. Relevant data were abstracted to determine the incidence of lower urinary tract injury, predictors of injury and post-operative complications and the role of cystoscopy.

Results:

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed in 150 consecutive subjects. Out of the encountered 6 cases (4%) of renal injuries in our study, two (1.3%) cystotomies were noted and repaired. An absent ureteral spill of Pyridium was detected in one subject, ureteral injury that was detected and confirmed with retrograde pyelography and managed with percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteric implantation. Three patients had a ureteric injury which was missed initially with a cystoscope. Later on, the patient presented with a urinary leak. The injury was identified and managed surgically. Only 25% (1/4) of injuries were recognised with the use of cystoscopy with Pyridium. All patients recovered with no long-term complications on follow-up.

Conclusions:

Renal injuries are relatively uncommon during total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Nevertheless, when an injury does occur, quick recognition of the problem and a working knowledge of its location and treatment are essential in providing patients with optimal medical care. Surgeons should consider performing cystoscopy at the time of total laparoscopic hysterectomy.
An Investigation of Effect of Rigid and Nonrigid Connector Designs on Implant as Pier Abutment In Implant Tooth-Supported Fixed Dental Prosthesis with Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Kumar S. Manoj , Jei J Brintha , Krishnan Murugesan
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

The effect and stress distribution of rigid and non-rigid connectors were evaluated on a 5-unit fixed partial denture (FPD) with an implant as pier abutment by finite element analysis.

Materials and Methods:

A three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography with Digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format output was made for a patient with the implant in the second pre-molar region of the maxilla and missing the first pre-molar and first molar. In the obtained 3D finite element method (FEM) model, the implant in the second pre-molar region acts as a pier abutment. The canine and second molar served as terminal natural teeth abutments. By using CATIA V.05, the features of the implant in the second pre-molar region of 13 mm length and 3.75-mm diameter and 5 unit FPD tooth implant-supported prosthesis with rigid and non-rigid connector FEM models were made with a static vertical occlusal load of 250N. The areas and locations of maximum and minimum concentration of stress were analysed using Von Mises stress values for all the models at 10 Mpa.

Results:

The analysis of the von mishes stress values exposed the maximum stress concentrations at the load areas of all models. For all models, the highest stress values were located at connectors and cervical regions of abutment teeth, especially at the pier abutment.

Conclusion:

The area of maximum stress concentration at the pier abutment was decreased using the non-rigid connector at the mesial surface of the pier abutment.
Impact of Reverse Transcriptase Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Cycle Threshold Values on Sars-Cov-2–Positive Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment
Authors: Barman Rashmisnata , Taw Manash Jyoti , Rai Avdhesh Kumar , Krishnatreya Manigreeva , Sarma Anupam , Das Sawmik , Bhattacharyya Mouchumee , Kataki Amal Chandra , Kalita Manoj
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, being a novel viral infection, has resulted in disruption of health services, including cancer patient's care and treatment. Hence, there was a need for testing and lateral integration of services for cancer patients with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 1178 samples were collected from cancer patients for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing before undergoing treatment in a tertiary care cancer center. The realtime reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) was done using the E gene for screening, and for the confirmation, any of the three reactions using RdRp, ORF1bnsp14 and RNasePas were run as internal control.

Results:

Out of the 1178 samples tested, 211 (17.91%) were positive, and of these patients, 863 (73.25%) were men and 342 (29%) were women. Among the 863 men with cancer, 133 (15.41%) were real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) positive. Of the 342 women with cancer, 78 (22.80%) were positive. Of the 144 SARS-CoV-2–positive cancer patients with cycle threshold (Ct) <25, 112 (84.2%) were asymptomatic and 32 (41.0%) were symptomatic. Sixty-seven patients showed positive results with a Ct >25. Out of them, 21 (31.3%) were asymptomatic and 46 (68.65%) were symptomatic cancer patients (P < 0.001). Of 144 patients with Ct <25, only 4 (2.8%) patients tested negative within 7–9 days, whereas the rest of the 140 (97.22%) became negative in >9 and up to 28 days. In the 67 cancer patients with Ct >25, within 7–9 days, 50 (74.6%) became RT-PCR negative and the remaining 17 patients mostly >60 years age group became RT-PCR negative in >9–28 days.

Conclusions:

Ct value of qualitative SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase RT-PCR should be an important tool for an oncologist in designing and implementing patient management guidelines for SARS-CoV-2–positive cancer patients without or with symptoms for COVID-19.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge and Attitude of Schoolteachers About Epilepsy in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Norah , Alharbi Yousef Mohammed , Almasaud Abdulrahman Khalifah , Alsamarh Tareq Naseer , Alwasil Saleh Abdullah , Aldaham Ahmed Hamoud , Alolayan Omar Abdulaziz , Alharbi Abdulrahman Obaid
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease characterised by intermittent nervous system derangement due to sudden excessive cerebral neuron discharge that results in almost instantaneous sensation disruption and loss of consciousness. There is a clear lack of epilepsy information among the general population. This study was carried out with an aim to examine the knowledge, attitude and practice of schoolteachers towards epilepsy.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional survey was administered to 433 schoolteachers working in the Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia from October to December 2020. A 20-item pretested validated questionnaire was distributed as a Google survey link, and the data collected were analysed using SPSS version 22. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the categorical variables.

Results:

Around two-thirds of the teachers (35.2%) gained their information about epilepsy from public resources such as newspapers, television and the internet, and around half of them (53.1%) gained their information about epilepsy from multiple resources, namely from doctors, public resources and parents of students with epilepsy. Almost all teachers (99.3%) acknowledge that epilepsy is not a contagious disease, and more than half of the participants (58.4%) believed that there are multiple causes of epilepsy, including genetics, head trauma, infection, brain tumour and insanity.

Conclusion:

The study showed that teachers' knowledge of epilepsy was promising, but still, there are gaps in knowledge and attitude towards first aid management. There is a need to address this issue with the training of schoolteachers with the cooperation of local health professionals.
An Evaluation of Dental Crowding and its Relation to the Mesiodistal Crown Widths in Andhra Pradesh Population
Authors: Jain Divya Kumar , Mathur Anmol , Saify Mansoor , Sharma Tanmay , Jain Manish
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Crowding of the teeth is one of the most common anomalies which makes an individual seek orthodontic treatment. Dental crowding is more disturbing to the patients when located in the anterior segment of the dental arch because it often affects the quality of the patient's smile and speech, causing social embarrassment to the patient.

Materials and Methods:

The maxillary and mandibular casts of 100 subjects belonging to the Andhra population between 13 and 21 years of age were selected and divided into 50 subjects crowded and 50 in the noncrowded group further; we divided the crowded and non-crowded group into 25 males and 25 females in each group. Using measurement tool, individual and collective mesiodistal crown widths of canine, first and second premolar and first molar and arch perimeter of both the maxillary and mandibular jaws were measured.

Results:

When both the gender were considered, the mesiodistal crown widths were statistically significant for dental crowding in both mandibular jaw (P < 0.05 for mesiodistal crown width–P > 0.05 for arch perimeter) and maxillary jaw (P < 0.05 for mesiodistal crown width–P > 0.05 for arch perimeter). When we analysed the gender wise in the non-crowded group, we found there is no significant difference in dental crowding in both mandibular jaw and maxillary jaw (P > 0.05). Mean arch perimeter of the maxillary arch in crowded females (95.56) and mean arch perimeter of the maxillary arch in crowded males (98.79) have significant difference (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study concluded that it is the cumulative mesiodistal width of the tooth, which contribute more towards crowding, while the arch perimeter contributes much less to crowding. Thus, it is better to undergo extraction orthodontic treatment then to go for arch expansion in orthodontic patients of Andhra Pradesh who are seeking the treatment for relieving crowding.
Solute transport and solutional denu-dation rate of carbonate karst in the semi-arid Zagros region (southwes-tern Iran)
Authors: Sepahvand Alireza , Prelovsek Mitja , Akbar Nazari Samani Ali , Wasson Robert
Published: October 2021

We conducted a one-year-long study of solute load measured three times per month in three neighboring subwatersheds (Alashtar, Khorram Abad, and Biranshahr) located in the Karkheh River basin in the Zagros region of southwestern Iran. Research was focused on the chemical composition of water (solute load), karst denudation rate, spatial and temporal variability, as well as comparison of solute load with suspended load. Results show that Ca-Mg-HCO3 is the dominant water type that reflects the lithological characteristics of the catchment areas. Lack of seasonal fluctuation of solute load and absence of dilution during high water levels but evident seasonal course of discharge defines the highest solute flux during the annual maximum of discharge in spring months. The highest solute flux is related to flood events. High annual variation of Na1 concentration compared to conservative Cl2 as well as Chloro-Alkali indexes (CAI and CAI2) suggests that Na1 adsorption and desorption during ion-exchange reactions occur in the regolith. This Na+ variability, to some extent, explains weak Ca21 and Mg21 dilution effect during high water levels. During the measurement period (2014-2015), solute flux calculated per catchment area amounted to 49-69 t km-2 a-1 (tons per km per year). The chemical composition of water and discharge shows by far the highest chemical denudation of limestones and dolomites (87−89 %), while dissolution of gypsum is of minor importance (11−13 %). As a result, the carbonate karst solutional denudation rate is between 0.010 and 0.040 mm a21 , where the higher values are more probable for longer periods due to the relatively low discharge during the spring of 2015. Comparison of dissolved and suspended loads indicates that the transport of suspended load is an order of magnitude less than transport of the dissolved load; the only exception is one flash flood event when suspended load exceeded the dissolved load. Besides a small decrease in solute flux as well as carbonate karst dissolution rates from NW to SE, no large hydrochemical differences between the three subwatersheds were detected.
Physical and analytical modeling of rhythmic karst springs
Authors: Xiao Xianxuan , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2021

Rhythmic Karst Springs (RKSs) are rare geologic features that rhythmically outflow water. A mechanical model for the rhythmic flow with rhythmic spill-over configuration was constructed in this work. The evolution of the RKS was revealed by using geological process analysis. The analytical model can directly explain the existence of RKSs in soluble rock regions and their formation mechanism in nature. Visual observations and flow measurements were performed using a laboratory physical model of RKS. The physical model components included a soluble rock simulation area, karst pipes, cave-reservoir, karst depression terrain, water tank, rhythmic spring, and the outflow measurement system. Groups of tests were carried out to recreate the process of RKS functioning and to confirm the rhythmic cycle duration and the threshold of replenishment intensity. This research helped to interpret the behavior of rhythmic springs using the recharge and evacuation of the subsurface cave-reservoir by means of fluid mechanics and groundwater hydraulics theories.
Genetic and functional diversity of soil bacteria and fungi from different microhabitats in a karst region in Southern China
Authors: Li Xinru , Zhou Min , Mi Yidong , Chen Haiyan , Su Hailei , Wei Yuan , Guo Fuhan , Wang Fanfan
Published: October 2021

Little is known about the difference between bacterial and fungal genetic and functional diversity in karst regions of south China. In this study, the genetic and functional diversity of bacteria and fungi in nine types of soil microenvironments in the karst region in Maolan National Nature Reserve in Guizhou were investigated by PCR-DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) and BIOLOG EcoPlates. Maolan National Nature Reserve is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and plays an important role in protecting the karst forest ecosystem and rare and endangered wild animals and plants in central Asia. The results showed that the diversity of both bacteria and fungi was high and the main factors influencing the diversity of bacteria and fungi were different. The bacterial community structure from different microhabitats under the same vegetation type had higher similarity than similar microhabitats in different vegetation types, which could indicate that the bacterial community structure was mainly controlled by vegetation. For fungi, similar microhabitat species under different vegetation types had higher similarities than different microhabitats species under the same vegetation type, which could indicate that the fungal community structure is mainly controlled by microhabitats. In addition, the metabolic patterns of similar microhabitats in different vegetation were different, while the metabolic patterns of different microhabitats in the same vegetation were not obviously different. In conclusion, the effect of vegetation types on soil microbial functional diversity was greater than that of microhabitats, and this difference was reflected by the different degrees of influence on soil microbial genetic diversity and community structure.
ISOLATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM TRIDAX PROCUMBENS GROWN IN CONTAMINATED SITES AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR HEAVY METAL TOLERANCE
Authors: C Arul Selvi , C Soundhari
Published: October 2021

Seven strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of Tridax procumbens and were first screened individually for tolerance to heavy metals like Zn, Pb, Cu, Mg, and Cr from 5 ppm to 50 ppm on Potato dextrose agar medium. They were further tested for resistance at 75, 100, 200, 400, and 600 ppm of heavy metals. The fungal isolate on the PDA medium without any heavy metal was used as a control for growth comparison. It was observed that with increasing concentration of heavy metal from 5 to 600 ppm there was a decrease in the number of fungal isolates. Few of the fungal isolates were able to tolerate heavy metals up to 600 ppm. The screening test revealed heterogeneity in the heavy metal tolerance of the isolates.
Production of Phytase by three thermophilic fungi
Authors: R Ranjith Kumar , Reddy Rajendar , S Girisham , S.M. Reddy
Published: October 2021

Production of phytase by three thermophilic fungi, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Talaromyces luteus and Rhizomucor pusillus under different cultural conditions was assessed. Temperature of 45°C, pH-6.0 were optimum for phytase production by the all three fungi under investigation . Carbon and nitrogen sources for production of phytases by the three thermophilic fungi varied with the fungus. When T. lanuginosus opted for D-glucose followed by D-fructose, T. luteus preferred D-glucose, D-mannose and mannitol for production a phytase. On the other hand, R. pusillus produced maximum phytase during its growth on mannitol and maltose as carbon source. L- asparagine, L- arginine and L-asparatic acid were preferred nitrogen sources for production of phytase by T. lanuginosus. On the other hand T. luteus, opted for L- asparagine, L-glutamic acid and L- glycine for the activity of phytase. R. pusillus produced maximum phytase in medium containing L-argine, L-asparagine and L- asparatic acid.
A case report of Sino-orbital Mucormycosis in a COVID-19 patient from eastern India: a “Red-alert” to physicians emphasizing the importance of early microbiological diagnosis
Authors: Dawar Pal Nidhi , Pal Anirban , Kundu Debi , Dutta Puspendu
Published: October 2021

A 65 years old diabetic female, presented with swelling of left eye and multiple discharging sinuses near the inner canthus of the left eye. She had a history of recent COVID-19 infection and was treated with steroids. The pus from peri-orbital sinuses, in KOH stain showed presence of broad, non-septate, right-angle branching fungal filaments. An early microbiological diagnosis of Mucormycosis, based on the direct smear findings substantiated the clinical diagnosis and helped the patient to get timely treatment. We emphasize that a request for an early microbiological diagnosis may affect the outcome in this highly invasive fatal disease.
STUDY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF WHOLE CELL EXRACTS OF CYANOBACTERIA BY MEMBRANE STABILIZATION & TRYPSIN INHIBITION ASSAY
Authors: Ratnaparkhe Shraddha , Mali Devyani
Published: October 2021

Inflammation is a complex mechanism in response to any infection, injury, or irritation. The prolonged inflammation leads to tissue damage and loss of function result in various disease conditions like osteoarthritis, and autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and Crohn’s disease. Anti-inflammatory drugs are used to control inflammatory response and prevent tissue damage .Cyanobacteria are rich sources of phytochemicals like phenolics, flavonoids are known to have anti-inflammatory activity. Because of ease of cultivation and faster growth rate than plants, they are preferred candidates over plants. This study focuses on screening of cyanobacterial isolates for their anti-inflammatory activity. The human erythrocytes (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay indicated the potential of whole cell extracts of cyanobacteria to stabilize lysosomal membrane and thereby prevent tissue damage by lysosomal chemokines and enzymes. The trypsin inhibition assay is an indicator for potential to inhibit proteinases and decelerate tissue damage. The whole cell extracts of 10 cyanobacterial isolates of different genus namely Weistellopsis, Pseudophormidium, Oscillatoria, Nostoc, Phormidium, Chlorella, Hapalosiphon under study showed 85%-94% membrane stabilization in hypotonicity induced hemolysis and 92% to 97% membrane stabilization in heat induced hemolysis. The test extracts also showed 48% to 52% inhibition of trypsin. Thus, the isolates under study have application as anti-inflammatory agent.
As novas tecnologias aplicadas à educação no mundo contemporâneo
Authors: De Oliveira Celina Trajano , Marques Antônio Abrão
Published: October 2021

A pesquisa mostra que educação profissional e tecnológica é um tema que, desde meados dos anos noventa, vem ganhando espaço no Brasil, por meio de reformas educacionais e estabelecimento de diversas políticas públicas e programas governamentais. As instituições de ensino  estão  constantemente à busca de ações que possam viabilizar a inserção das novas tecnologias na educação, objetivando melhorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos. Há muitas  discussões sobre os caminhos metodológicos, mediação e acompanhamento que devem ser realizados, não só pelos professores, mas também pelos tutores nas atividades diárias desenvolvidas pelos discentes. É importante evidenciar os há diversos desafios impostos ao ensino alguns relacionados ao impacto que novas tecnologias vem trazendo à educação. Para alguns estudiosos, o modelo tradicional era  estático. A mudança obrigou os educadores a obterem novos conhecimentos não só específicos, mas também tecnológicos. Objetivou-se neste artigo levantar bibliografia capaz de identificar as principais mudanças trazidas pela tecnologia em sala de aula.  Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados do estudo podem servir para a tomada de decisões  e de ações  que ajudem no processo ensino-aprendizagem. A conclusão faz uma reflexão sobre a estrutura conservadora e tradicional e a entrada de novas tecnologias no ambiente escolar.

 

Las investigaciones muestran que la educación profesional y tecnológica es un tema que, desde los años noventa hasta hoy, ha ganado terreno en Brasil, por medio de las reformas educativas y el establecimiento de una serie de políticas públicas y programas del gobierno. Las instituciones educativas buscan constantemente acciones para hacer posible la integración de las nuevas tecnologías en la educación, con el objetivo de mejorar la enseñanza y el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Hay muchas discusiones sobre los enfoques metodológicos, la mediación y el seguimiento que se lleva a cabo no sólo por los profesores, sino también por los tutores en las actividades diarias desarrolladas por los estudiantes. Es importante destacar que hay varios desafíos a la enseñanza relacionados con el impacto que las nuevas tecnologías ha traído a la educación. Para algunos estudiosos, el modelo tradicional era estático. El cambio ha obligado a los educadores a obtener nuevos conocimientos específicos y tecnológicos. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los principales cambios introducidos por la tecnología en el aula. Se trata de una investigación bibliográfica y documental. Los resultados del estudio pueden ser utilizados para tomar decisiones y crear acciones para apoyar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La conclusión analisa la estructura conservadora y tradicional y la entrada de las nuevas tecnologías en el ambiente escolar.
Thermal Energy Production in an Electrochemical Cell and Heat Transfer to Its Dark Surroundings
Authors:   Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH  45469, Sandhu Sarwan S.
Published: October 2021

The theoretical formulation presented in this abridged paper was developed to predict the transient cell average temperature of a lithium-based cell during its discharge in dark, extremely low material density surroundings where the predominant mechanism of heat exchange between its shroud surface and surroundings is the thermal radiation process for a given cell discharge current and its initial temperature. The average computed temperature of an ideal lithium-based button cell, such as Li(s)/electrolyte/CF(s), is presented as a function of time in the form of plots at two discharge currents as an example of the application of the derived formulation. The presented data are briefly discussed in light of the lithium-based cell component stability and its safe discharge operation.
Uçucu kül ve yüksek fırın cürufu temelli geopolimer sistemlerde atık demir tozunun agrega yerine kullanımının araştırılması
Authors: DURAK Uğur , ŞİMŞEK Ahmet Ayberk
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada uçucu kül ve yüksek fırın cürufu kullanılarak üretilen geopolimer harç numunelerde atık demir tozu kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada atık demir tozları agrega ile ağırlıkça %10, %20 ve %30 oranlarında yer değiştirilerek kullanılmıştır. Uçucu kül ile üretilen harç numunelerde aktivatör olarak sodyum hidroksit kullanılmış ve numuneler 24-48 saat 75 ve 100C’de ısıl küre tabi tutulmuştur. Yüksek fırın cürufu ile üretilen harç numunelerde ise aktivatör sodyum metasilikat kullanılmış ve numuneler 3, 7, 28 ve 90 gün boyunca oda koşullarında kür edilmiştir. Kür süresini tamamlayan tüm harç numunelerin birim ağırlık, eğilme ve basınç dayanımları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca her iki karışım sisteminde de en iyi sonuçları veren numunelerin su emme ve boşluk oranları ile aşınma dirençleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar, agrega ile ikame edilerek kullanılan atık demir tozunun yüksek fırın cüruflu sistemlerde olumlu sonuçlar vermezken, uçucu kül ile üretilen sistemlerde aşınma, eğilme ve basınç dayanımlarına pozitif katkı sağlayabildiğini göstermiştir.
Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Nousheen Adiba , Asra Asra , Fatima Hasnat , Nizami Nashra , Noureen Sarah , Amair Ali Syed , Tazneem B. Tazneem , Begum Syeda Zuleqaunnisa
Published: October 2021

Pharmacovigilance started about 170 years ago, although it was not yet named as such at that time. It is structured activity in the
professional health field, with important social and commercial implications aimed at monitoring the risk/benefit ratio of drugs,
improving patient’s safety and the quality of life. In this commentary we report the milestones of pharmacovigilance up to the present
day, in order to understand all the steps that have characterized the historical evolution; from the first reports, which were essentially
letters or warnings sent by clinicians to publishers of important and famous scientific journals, up to today’s modern and ultrastructured electronic registries. The historical phases also help us to understand why pharmacovigilance helped us to achieve such
important results for man’s health and for pharmacology itself, and to identify the challenges that await Pharmacovigilance in future
years.
A Retrospective Study on Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Nousheen Adiba , Asra Asra , Fatima Hasnat , Nizami Nashra , Noureen Sarah , Begum Syeda Zuleqaunnisa , Tazneem B. , Ali Syed Amair
Published: October 2021

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major concern in clinical practice. Reporting of ADRs either through health care professionals or
the patients themselves is of utmost importance to give an accurate estimate of the prevalence, severity and preventability of ADRs.
Present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana,
India. This was a retrospective observational study, extending over 3 months (December 2020 to February 2021). A total of 41 cases
comprising patients of either sex or age group were studied. The data was collected using CDSCO ADR reporting form. A total of 41
ADRs were reported during the three months period of study. During the study period a total of 41 ADR reports were received from
various departments of the hospital. We observed 25 ADRs in females and 16 ADRs in males from our study. Among the age groups,
3 ADRs in age group 0 – 19 Yrs., 28 ADRs were seen in age group 20 – 59 Yrs., and 10 ADRs were seen in age group >60 Yrs. Maximum
number of ADRs came from General Medicine department 17 (41.46%). Drug therapy 41 (100%) and diseases 19 (46.34%) were the
most prominent predisposing factors of ADRs seen in our hospital. Causality assessment of suspected drugs was assessed using
Naranjo scale. According to Naranjo scale most of the reported ADRs were found to be probable 23 (56.9%) followed by possible 16
(39.02%) and definite 2 (4.8%). The severities of the reactions were done using Hart Wig Scale. Majority of the reactions were mild
25 (60.97%). Withdrawal of the drug 5 (12.19%) was the main line of the management of the adverse drug reactions in the present
study. Majority of serious ADRs were preventable in our study. ADRs are a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Frequency of ADRs
can be reduced by careful follow up and a robust hospital-based pharmacovigilance setup. A measure to improve detection and
reporting of adverse drug reactions by all health care professi
A Review on Pharmacological Properties and Laboratory Outcomes of Flaxseed Diet (Linum usitatissimum)
Authors: Bhavana Kanda Bala , Babu A. Narendra , Lakshmi J. Naga , Deepthi B. , Kavya G.
Published: October 2021

The current review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of Bioactive compounds and pharmacological uses, of Linum
usitatissimum, and to list its significant therapeutic benefits. From various studies, researchers specified the pharmacological
properties of flaxseed. The phytoconstituents like lignan and ? linolenic acid are the richest of flaxseeds. It is also a chief source for
soluble fiber, high-quality protein, and antioxidants. Its long trip from old era to the 21st century from being a medication in old age
opened the way for a broad populace. Linolenic acid, linoleic acid, lignans, polysaccharides cyclic peptides, alkaloids, cadmium and
cyanogenic glycosides were some of the biologically active chemicals and elements. Flaxseed extracts containing lignan or ? linolenic
acid were often the focus of biological and clinical research. Some beneficial outcomes for health include decreasing cardiovascular
illnesses, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer and arthritis, osteoporosis, and autoimmune illnesses, as well as neuroscience. Some
Proteins present in flaxseed helps in prevention and cure for cardiovascular disease and reinforce the immune system. This present review focuses briefly on a pharmacological properties and laboratory outcomes of flaxseed diet.
2-Deoxy Glucose: A Ray of Hope for Treatment of Covid-19
Authors: Sharma Archana , Gull Azka , Jain Neha , Meena Vineeta
Published: October 2021

2-Deoxy-D-glucose, mimic of glucose having deoxygenated carbon at second position i.e. hydroxyl group is replaced by hydrogen, due
to which 2-DG cannot undergo further glycolysis. It inhibits the production of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose at the
phosphoglucoisomerase level which is second step of glycolysis.
Lupeol Impact on Breast Cancer Management
Authors: S. Mirunalini , R. Susmitha
Published: October 2021

Conventional therapies for the management of breast cancer are lacking in outcomes and also cause several adverse effects that
prompted the acquisition of new therapeutic approaches for combating breast cancer without any of these pitfalls. Moreover,
fostering a holistic therapeutic strategy might be a significant solution to this issue, because it is evident that products obtained via
dietary sources have a great number of anti-breast cancer capacities with fewer side effects and low cost. Considerably over the past
decade, the demand for triterpenes for breast cancer management has increased significantly due to the declining properties of
cancer. However, lupeol (LUP) is a dietary triterpene and the active ingredient found in most medicinal plants has indeed been
witnessed to manifest numerous pharmaceutical attributes especially anti-cancer activities, and is strongly related to the declining
prevalence of breast cancer in Asian countries. Several reports offer valuable input into the lupeol mechanism of action and thereby
propose that this was a multi-target substance with massive potential towards breast cancer (BC) by hitting pivotal molecular
pathways associated with breast cancer. There seems to be extensive evidence of such a wonderful compound's anti-breast cancer
activity. In this review, we strenuously reaffirm lupeol’s preventive and therapeutic effects in the breast cancer model, with a focus
on multi-targeted biological and molecular effects.
A Brief Review on Covid-19 Effects in Children and Treatment Methods
Authors: Tammishetty Vaishnavi , Nagamalla Sravika , Sakilam Pravalika , Ponnaganti Hyma
Published: October 2021

As there is an outbreak of novel corona virus in 2019 it has spread globally that resulted in severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic and mostly there is limited data provided on children. The main aim of this review is to provide
a knowledge on introduction, epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment of
COVID-19 in children. And it also includes latest statistical data of children prone to COVID-19. Besides respiratory and GI symptoms
atypical features such as chilblains and multi-inflammatory system are also reported. pathophysiology gives information regarding
the life cycle of virus in hostcell and epidemiology explains the different types of viruses affecting the respiratory system. The clinical
signs and symptoms are almost similar to the adults but they are in mild, and most of the children affected with Covid-19 are
asymptomatic. This review study makes a medical practitioner to have a quick, practical approach to the disease to use in different
scopes, especially in pediatric medicine.
Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulation (Kemite) on Cafeteria Diet-induced Obesity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Narcisse GNANGORAN Boua , Moussa Traoré , Paul YAPO Angoué
Published: October 2021

Obesity is a chronic disorder of global prevalence and associated with morbidity and mortality. This pathology is a real public health
problem. The work was undertaken to evaluate the antiobesity efficacy of aqueous extract of Kemite in cafeteria diet induced obese
Wistar rats for a period of 28 days. Aqueous extract of Kemite (AEK) was prepared by hot extraction method. Female Wistar rats
weighing 124-170 g were divided into different groups i.e. Normal control, cafeteria control and aqueous extract of Kemite at dose
of 200 mg/kg bw. The antiobesity activity is estimated in terms of body weight gain, food intake, serum triglycerides (TG), Total
cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C), blood glucose (BG), ASAT and ALAT
activities, atherogenic index, coronary risk index and liver and fat pad weights. Results showed Cafeteria diet fed rats for 28 successive
days significantly increased the body weight, food intake, ASAT and ALAT activities, liver and fat pad weights, atherogenic index,
coronary risk index TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, BG and not influenced HDL levels. Rats treated with extract for 28 successive days along with
cafeteria diet reversed the effects induced by cafeteria diet. In conclusion, this study revealed that AEK may be a natural and safe
remedy for the prevention and control of obesity.
Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical Screening, Formulation and Evaluation of Nanophytosomes of Aqueous Extracts of Trigonella foenum graecum., (Fabaceae)
Authors: Pramanayakam Anitha , Panneerselvam Arjunkumar
Published: October 2021

Traditional approach is the one of the emerging field of biomedical sciences. In this research work, we have evaluated the traditional
approaches of the ancient healer plant T. foenum graecum belonging to fabaceae family. The leaves of T. Foenum graecum was
subjected to extraction process, phytochemical analysis, preparation of phytosome and evaluation of its characterization. The
scientific data shows that, leave extracts contain flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides etc., Nanophytosome was prepared by thin layer
lipid hydration method. The preparation was evaluated for DSC, FTIR, SEM, TEM and particle size analysis. Recently, Nanophytosome
methodology has been fruitfully applied over several well-known natural drugs such as ginseng, green tea hawthorn, olive oil and
grape seed etc. Indeed, phytosome are superior to conventional drug delivery systems in terms of the pharmacodynamic and
pharmacokinetic properties. This research, we discusses the various aspects, components, methods of preparation of phytosome and
their marketed formulations, therapeutic applications along with the recent research work reported on this technology.