bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of Acetals under Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation Conditions in Alcohols
Authors: Diebolt Olivier , Cruzeuil Clément , Müller Christian , Vogt Dieter
Published: February 2012

Hydroformylation of terminal alkenes in alcohol solvents leads to the selective formation of the corresponding acetals. The Xantphos ligand gave the best results as well as acetal selectivities higher than 99% and linear/branched ratios of up to 52 were obtained. The scope of the reaction was studied. Acetals were found to be unreactive under hydroaminomethylation conditions.
Catalytic System for Inhibition of Amination‐Type Reaction and Palladium‐Catalysed Direct Arylation using Non‐Protected Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Derridj Fazia , Roger Julien , Djebbar Safia , Doucet Henri
Published: February 2012

The palladium‐catalysed direct arylation at C‐4 of non‐protected 5‐aminopyrazoles was found to proceed in high yields using a variety of aryl bromides. The choice of potassium acetate as the base was found to be crucial to inhibit the amination reaction and to promote the direct arylation.
Hydroxyl Radical Promotes the Direct Iodination of Aromatic Compounds with Iodine in Water: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Zhang Peng , Sun Dongqing , Wen Mingwei , Yang Jingkui , Zhou Kebin , Wang Zhixiang
Published: February 2012

It is still a challenge to develop green, simple and effective approaches to prepare aromatic iodides. Herein, a novel and green strategy for the direct mono‐iodination of aromatic compounds starting with molecular iodine has been developed. The strategy uses ceria nanocrystals to decompose hydrogen peroxide, giving hydroxyl radicals which are demonstrated experimentally and computationally to be crucial to promote the iodinations.
Highly Efficient Nickel(II) Chloride/Bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)nickel(II) Chloride‐Cocatalyzed Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroarenes and Trifluorotoluenes with Superhydride
Authors: Zhao Wenwen , Wu Jingjing , Cao Song
Published: February 2012

A simple and highly efficient approach for the hydrodefluorination of both fluoroarenes and trifluorotoluenes in the presence of lithium triethylborohydride using a catalytic amount of nickel(II) chloride (NiCl2, 2 mol%) combined with a catalytic amount of bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)nickel(II) chloride [NiCl2(PCy3)2, 2 mol%] as cocatalyst has been developed.
Iron‐Catalyzed Nitrogen‐Directed Coupling of Arene and Aryl Bromides Mediated by Metallic Magnesium
Authors: Ilies Laurean , Kobayashi Motoaki , Matsumoto Arimasa , Yoshikai Naohiko , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: February 2012

2‐Arylpyridines, 2‐alkenylpyridine, and aromatic imines can be coupled with aryl bromides in the presence of an iron catalyst, metallic magnesium, a diamine ligand and an organic dihalide oxidant at 0 °C. The use of a 1:1 mixture of tetrahydrofuran and 1,4‐dioxane is essential for this CH bond activation reaction. The reaction has wider scope of the substrate compared with the reaction using a separately prepared Grignard reagent, and proceeds with lower catalyst loading (2.5 mol%).
An Efficient and Practical Protocol for Catalytic Hydrolysis of Nitriles by a Copper(I) Complex in Water
Authors: Li Zhengkai , Wang Lixia , Zhou Xiangge
Published: February 2012

The cuprous complex – Cu4I4(H2O)4 – has been isolated and employed for the catalytic hydrolysis of arenecarbonitriles, cinnamonitrile, and arylacetonitriles to the corresponding amides in pure water in high yields of up to 98%. The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused without loss of catalytic activity at least five times. Oxindole could be prepared successfully by one‐pot domino protocols based on this method.
Air‐Stable, Nitrile‐Ligated (Cyclopentadienone)iron Dicarbonyl Compounds as Transfer Reduction and Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Plank Taylor N. , Drake Jessica L. , Kim Daniel K. , Funk Timothy W.
Published: February 2012

A series of air‐stable, nitrile‐ligated (cyclopentadienone)iron dicarbonyl compounds was synthesized and their activities as catalysts in the transfer reduction of acetophenone were explored. While all were active catalysts, the acetonitrile adduct was chosen for further study and was found to be active in the transfer reduction of aldehydes and ketones and in the Oppenauer‐type oxidation of secondary alcohols. The acetonitrile catalyst exhibited activities similar to those of an analogous air‐sensitive iron hydride, but unlike the iron hydride it was unreactive in carbonyl reductions using hydrogen gas.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Dibenzopentalenes – Evidence for Gold Vinylidenes
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Wieteck Marcel , Braun Ingo , Nösel Pascal , Jongbloed Linda , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank
Published: February 2012

A series of easily accessible arene‐1,2‐diynes, bearing one aryl substituent on one of the alkynyl groups, is readily converted to dibenzopentalenes in good yields by gold(I) catalysts. The participation of gold acetylides could be proven by the direct conversion to the corresponding gem‐diaurated dibenzopentalenes with a gold catalyst. From an experiment with a gold acetylide complex and stoichiometric amounts of the gold “catalyst” the corresponding gem‐diaurated complex of a dibenzopentalene could be obtained and characterized by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. Labelling studies with deuterated alkynes show the expected deuteration of the two remaining positions of the pentalene core. All this provides evidence for a dual activation mode of the reaction and gold(I) vinylidene complexes as intermediates of the catalytic cycle.
Is severe obesity a cardiovascular health concern in the inuit population?
Authors: Kellett Samantha , Poirier Paul , Dewailly Eric , Sampasa Hugues , Chateau‐Degat Marie‐Ludivine
Published: February 2012

Objectives:Obesity is rising globally and severe obesity (SO) [body mass index (BMI) = 40 kg/m2or = 35 kg/m2with co‐morbidity] is growing at a much faster rate. Amongst the Inuit, evolution of SO remains unknown. We investigated whether the level of SO changed and whether the cardio‐metabolic profile improved or deteriorated in Nunavik Inuit between 1992 and 2004.

Methods:SO subjects were selected from two comparable population‐based studies. These studies were undertaken in Nunavik (Quebec, Canada), and were performed in two different time frames, separated by 12 years. Physiological (lipid profile, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and blood pressure) as well as anthropometric data (BMI, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio) were collected in both studies.

Resutls:There was approximately a fourfold increase in the prevalence of SO in comparable age groups. This increase affected both genders between 1992 and 2004. Smoking rates in SO populations have significantly decreased during this period, from 85% to 41% (P< 0.0001). Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in the cardio‐metabolic profile (insulin, total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, BMI, and waist to hip ratio). There was, however, a significant increase in waist circumference (P< 0.001), especially in women (P< 0.01). Type 2 diabetes remained stable, at around 40% in this population.

Conclusion:Although the prevalence of SO increased, the cardio‐metabolic profile remained stable. Nevertheless, regular monitoring of chronic disease in this population remains crucial. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Taller indian women are more successful at the marriage market
Authors: Smits Jeroen , Monden Christiaan W.S.
Published: February 2012

Objectives:

Whereas being tall has consistently been found a favorable characteristic at the marriage market for men, much less is known about the association between stature and marital success among women. Taller women are healthier than shorter women, give birth more easily and their offspring are healthier. We therefore would expect them to be more successful at the marriage market. However, existing evidence is mixed. We study the association between women's height and the odds of being married, marrying young, experiencing a divorce, and becoming widowed, and the association between women's height and their husbands' educational attainment and occupational status.

Methods:

Data come from the Indian National Family Health Survey 2005–2006, a representative study among 124,385 women and 74,369 men in all Indian states. Effects of female height on being married, marrying young, divorce, widowhood, and husband's occupation were estimated using logistic regression models. Effects of female height on husband's education were estimated using OLS regression models. Woman's education and age were always taken into account. Where possible controls for husband's height, husband's education, and age at marriage were included.

Results:

Positive effects of women's height on favorable marital outcomes were found. Taller than average women are more likely to marry, get higher educated husbands with better jobs and are less likely to marry at a very young age or to lose their husbands through divorce or premature death.

Conclusions:

Taller Indian women seem to be more successful at the marriage market. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of amides from imines using Et3SiH/Zn system
Authors: Ghaffarzadeh Mohammad , Heidarifard Somaye , Faraji Fereshteh , Joghan Somaye Shahrivari
Published: February 2012

A simple and efficient approach for the synthesis of amides by the reaction of imines and acyl chlorides in the presence of Et3SiH/Zn system in THF at ambient temperature is reported. Mild reaction conditions, good yields of products, short reaction time and operational simplicity are the advantages of this procedure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron carbonyl complex containing bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether enhancing efficiency in the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura reaction
Authors: Borah Malabika , Bhattacharyya Pradip K. , Das Pankaj
Published: February 2012

The reaction of [Fe3(CO)12] with bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (DPEphos) in refluxing THF afforded a mononuclear complex, [Fe(CO)4(η1‐P‐DPEphos)] (1), as major product and a binuclear complex, [Fe2(CO)6(μ‐CO)(μ‐P,P‐DPEphos)] (2), as minor product respectively. The DPEphos ligand acts as a terminal P‐donor in complex 1 and a bridging P,P‐donor in complex 2. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, FT‐IR,1H and31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The structure of complex 1 has been tentatively assigned by density functional theory calculations and its analogy with reported complexes. Combination of complex 1 and PdCl2furnished an active catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of various aryl halides with arylboronic acids. Interestingly, under the same experimental condition, complex 1/PdCl2as catalyst showed superior activity over the DPEphos/PdCl2system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term residence of juvenile loggerhead turtles to foraging grounds: a potential conservation hotspot in the Mediterranean
Authors: Casale Paolo , Broderick Annette C. , Freggi Daniela , Mencacci Resi , Fuller Wayne J. , Godley Brendan J. , Luschi Paolo
Published: February 2012

Identifying highly frequented areas is a priority for sea turtle conservation. Although juveniles represent the bulk of the population, a minority of studies have investigated their movement patterns.

Six large juvenile loggerhead turtles that were found and released in an important foraging ground in the Mediterranean, the Tunisian continental shelf were tracked. Tracking data were obtained via satellite for periods ranging from 120 to 225 days and allowed the identification of high use areas.

All turtles generally performed apparently non‐directed, wandering movements in waters with a wide range of seafloor depths. They showed clear residential behaviour to the region with no evident seasonal pattern. Core areas of residence were in the neritic zone or on the edge of the continental shelf, largely overlapping among individuals, and were much smaller than residential oceanic areas reported elsewhere.

When integrated into current knowledge, these results suggest an ecological‐behavioural model of a gradual shift from a pelagic‐vagile to a benthic‐sedentary life style with progressive reduction of home ranges.

They also highlight an area of the continental shelf and offshore waters as potential core foraging ground for large juvenile loggerhead turtles in the Mediterranean informing future spatial management for loggerhead turtles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehension of Wh‐Questions Precedes Their Production in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Goodwin Anthony , Fein Deborah , Naigles Letitia R.
Published: February 2012

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) rarely produce wh‐questions (e.g. “What hit the book?”) in naturalistic speech. It is unclear if this is due to social–pragmatic difficulties, or if grammatical deficits are also involved. If grammar is impaired, production of wh‐questions by rote memorization might precede comprehension of similar forms. In a longitudinal study, 15 children withASDand 18 initially language‐matched typically developing (TD) toddlers were visited in their homes at 4‐month intervals across a 3‐year period. The wh‐question task was presented via intermodal preferential looking. Silent “hitting” events (e.g. an apple hitting a flower) were followed by test trials in which the apple and flower were juxtaposed on the screen. During test trials, subject‐wh‐ and object‐wh‐question audios were sequentially presented (e.g. “What hit the flower?” or ”What did the apple hit?”). Control audios were also presented (e.g. “Where's the apple/flower?”). Children's eye movements were coded off‐line, frame by frame. To show reliable comprehension, children should look longer to the named item (i.e. apple or flower) during the “where” questions but less at the named item during the subject‐wh and object‐wh‐questions. To compare comprehension to production, we coded 30‐min spontaneous speech samples drawn from mother–child interactions at each visit. Results indicated that comprehension of subject‐ and object‐wh‐questions was delayed in children withASDcompared with age‐matchedTDchildren, but not when matched on overall language levels. Additionally, both groups comprehended wh‐questions before producing similar forms, indicating that development occurred in a similar manner. This paper discusses the implications of our findings for language acquisition inASD.
Allelic Variation Within the Putative Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk Gene Homeobox A1 and Cerebellar Maturation in Typically Developing Children and Adolescents
Authors: Raznahan Armin , Lee Yohan , Vaituzis Catherine , Tran Lan , Mackie Susan , Tiemeier Henning , Clasen Liv , Lalonde Francois , Greenstein Dede , Pierson Ron , Giedd Jay N
Published: February 2012

Homeobox A1 (HOXA1) has been proposed as a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as it regulates embryological patterning of hind‐brain structures implicated in autism neurobiology. In line with this notion, a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism within a highly conserved domain of HOXA1—A218G (rs10951154)—has been linked to both ASD risk, and cross‐sectional differences in superior posterior lobar cerebellar anatomy in late adulthood. Despite evidence for early onset and developmentally dynamic cerebellar involvement in ASD, little is known of the relationship between A218G genotype and maturation of the cerebellum over early development. We addressed this issue using 296 longitudinally acquired structural magnetic resonance imaging brain scans from 116 healthy individuals between 5 and 23 years of age. Mixed models were used to compare the relationship between age and semi‐automated measures of cerebellar volume in A‐homozygotes (AA) and carriers of the G allele (Gcar). Total cerebellar volume increased between ages of 5 and 23 years in both groups. However, this was accelerated in the Gcar relative to the AA group (Genotype‐by‐age interaction term, P = 0.03), and driven by genotype‐dependent differences in the rate of bilateral superior posterior lobar volume change with age (P = 0.002). Resultantly, although superior posterior lobar volume did not differ significantly between genotype groups at age 5 (P = 0.9), by age 23 it was 12% greater in Gcar than AA (P = 0.002). Our results suggest that common genetic variation within this putative ASD risk gene has the capacity to modify the development of cerebellar systems implicated in ASD neurobiology.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes following pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer
Authors: Martin S T , Heneghan H M , Winter D C
Published: February 2012

Background

Following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and interval proctectomy, 15–20 per cent of patients are found to have a pathological complete response (pCR) to combined multimodal therapy, but controversy persists about whether this yields a survival benefit. This systematic review evaluated current evidence regarding long-term oncological outcomes in patients found to have a pCR to neoadjuvant CRT.

Methods

Three major databases (PubMed, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library) were searched. The systematic review included all original articles reporting long-term outcomes in patients with rectal cancer who had a pCR to neoadjuvant CRT, published in English, from January 1950 to March 2011.

Results

A total of 724 studies were identified for screening. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 studies involving 3363 patients (1263 with pCR and 2100 without) were included (mean age 60 years, 65·0 per cent men). Some 73·4 per cent had a sphincter-saving procedure. Mean follow-up was 55·5 (range 40–87) months. For patients with a pCR, the weighted mean local recurrence rate was 0·7 (range 0–2·6) per cent. Distant failure was observed in 8·7 per cent. Five-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 90·2 and 87·0 per cent respectively. Compared with non-responders, a pCR was associated with fewer local recurrences (odds ratio (OR) 0·25; P = 0·002) and less frequent distant failure (OR 0·23; P < 0·001), with a greater likelihood of being alive (OR 3·28; P = 0·001) and disease-free (OR 4·33, P < 0·001) at 5 years.

Conclusion

A pCR following neoadjuvant CRT is associated with excellent long-term survival, with low rates of local recurrence and distant failure.
A more accurate profile of Achyrocline satureioides hypocholesterolemic activity
Authors: Espiña Débora Corrêa , Carvalho Fabiano Barbosa , Zanini Daniela , Schlemmer Josiane Bizzi , Coracini Juliane Dors , Rubin Maribel Antonello , Morsch Vera Maria , Schetinger Maria Rosa Chitolina , Leal Daniela Bitencourt Rosa , Baiotto Cléia Rosani , Jaques Jeandre Augusto dos Santos
Published: February 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract (AE) of Achyrocline satureioides on serum lipid profile, liver oxidative profile and Na+,K+‐ATPase activity of rats submitted to a hyperlipidic diet. The animals were divided into four groups: control (C), AE 10% (A10), hyperlipidic (H) and hyperlipidic/AE 10% (HA10). In serum, we measured the levels of total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein, very‐low‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG). In liver homogenates, we measured the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, the carbonyl proteins, the non‐protein thiols (NPSHs) and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT) and Na+,K+‐ATPase. We observed a significant increase in the TC and LDL levels in the H group. A. satureioides prevented these effects, decreased the TG levels in the HA10 group and increased the NPSH levels in the A10 and HA10 groups. The H group showed an increase in the carbonyl protein level and a decrease in CAT and Na+,K+‐ATPase activities. With the use of this model, results show that increased levels of lipids are related to a redox imbalance in the liver, which is also related to the inhibition of Na+,K+‐ATPase activity, and that chronic administration of the AE of A. satureioides is capable of changing this profile. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetic Study of Epoxy Resin Decomposition in Near‐Critical Water
Authors: Liu Y. Y. , Wei H. , Wu S. , Guo Z.
Published: February 2012

A diglycidyl ether type epoxy resin from bisphenol A, E‐51, was cured by methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA) and then decomposed in near‐critical water without any additives. The effects of the experimental parameters such as the reaction temperature, reaction time, pressure, and feedstock ratio on the percentage of decomposition were investigated to obtain optimized reaction conditions. The results revealed that the percentage of decomposition can be enhanced by increasing either temperature or reaction time. At 260 °C, it initially increased with higher pressure and then decreased dramatically when the pressure further was reduced to the saturated water vapor pressure. The kinetics study of the epoxy decomposition was also carried out by monitoring the glass transition temperature of the solid product using differential scanning calorimetry. The decomposition equation was established and the activation energy was calculated to be 123.5 kJ mol–1.
Beckmann Rearrangement of Cyclohexanone Oxime to ϵ‐Caprolactam in a Microreactor
Authors: Zuidhof N. T. , de Croon M. H. J. M. , Schouten J. C. , Tinge J. T.
Published: February 2012

The selectivity and conversion of the sulfuric acid‐catalyzed Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime, dissolved in cyclooctane, to ϵ‐caprolactam are determined in a microreactor for conditions with a high concentration of ϵ‐caprolactam. The microreactor consists of a low‐temperature mixing zone followed by a high‐temperature reaction zone. The mixing is conducted in a split‐and‐recombine micromixer and a microchannel at 65 °C, followed immediately by a second microchannel at 100–127 °C to obtain complete conversion. Under these conditions a selectivity of 99 % is achieved. The residence time of the reactants in the microreactor setup is about 10 s. In literature, a selectivity of about 95 % for the same reaction in a similar setup is reported, but at a uniform temperature of 120–130 °C for mixing and reaction. So, suppressing the reaction during mixing is a major tool to enhance the selectivity to ϵ‐caprolactam.
Multivalent Gold Glycoclusters: High Affinity Molecular Recognition by Bacterial Lectin PA‐IL
Authors: Reynolds Michael , Marradi Marco , Imberty Anne , Penadés Soledad , Pérez Serge
Published: February 2012

Multivalent protein‐carbohydrate interactions are involved in the initial stages of many fundamental biological and pathological processes through lectin–carbohydrate binding. The design of high affinity ligands is therefore necessary to study, inhibit and control the processes governed through carbohydrate recognition by their lectin receptors. Carbohydrate‐functionalised gold nanoclusters (glyconanoparticles, GNPs) show promising potential as multivalent tools for studies in fundamental glycobiology research as well as biomedical applications. Here we present the synthesis and characterisation of galactose functionalised GNPs and their effectiveness as binding partners for PA‐IL lectin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interactions were evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition (HIA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays. Results show that the gold nanoparticle platform displays a significant cluster glycoside effect for presenting carbohydrate ligands with almost a 3000‐fold increase in binding compared with a monovalent reference probe in free solution. The most effective GNP exhibited a dissociation constant (Kd) of 50 nM per monosaccharide, the most effective ligand of PA‐IL measured to date; another demonstration of the potential of glyco‐nanotechnology towards multivalent tools and potent anti‐adhesives for the prevention of pathogen invasion. The influence of ligand presentation density on their recognition by protein receptors is also demonstrated.
The Structures, Morphologies, and Photophysical Properties of Multiluminescent Layered Lanthanide–Phosphono–Carboxylate Nanoparticles
Authors: Gentili Pier Luigi , Presciutti Federica , Evangelisti Fabio , Costantino Ferdinando
Published: February 2012

A new family of layered metal(III)–phosphono–carboxylate nanostructures (M=Y, Eu, Tb, Er, and Yb) was hydrothermally synthesized and their structures and morphologies were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction and TEM. 4‐[Bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]caproic acid and 4‐ [bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]undecan‐ oic acid, with general formula (H2O3PCH2)2NR (R=C5H10COOH (P2CAPR) and C10H22COOH (P2UND), respectively) were used as building blocks for the preparation of novel layered hybrid materials in which the inorganic layers were composed of MO7 or MO8 polyhedra and PO3C tetrahedra. The interlayer region was occupied by carboxyalkyl chains. These layered compounds were easily dispersed as stable solutions in alkylamine/water upon ultrasonication. These dispersions were constituted of rectangular elongated nanoparticles (NPs), which showed a distribution of sizes ranging from 20–500 nm. These new materials had interesting photophysical properties because they were multiluminescent compounds. These properties gave rise to several emission bands, which were spread over the broad spectroscopic region, from the near‐UV up to the near‐IR regions. Each emission band had a specific lifetime, which ranged from the sub‐ps to the ms scale.
Highly Homogeneous Stereocontrolled Construction of Quaternary Hydroxyesters by Addition of Dimethylzinc to α‐Ketoesters Promoted by Chiral Perhydrobenzoxazines and B(OEt)3
Authors: Infante Rebeca , Nieto Javier , Andrés Celia
Published: February 2012

A highly efficient enantioselective addition of Me2Zn to α‐ketoesters, assisted by a chiral perhydro‐1,3‐benzoxazine ligand, is described. This novel catalytic system offers homogeneous elevated enantioselectivities in the preparation of α‐hydroxyesters that bear a quaternary stereocenter, with a minor dependence on electronic and steric effects when aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aliphatic α‐ketoesters are employed. The catalyst can be recovered and reused without loss of activity.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 5,10,15‐Triaryl Doubly N‐Confused Bilanes
Authors: Toganoh Motoki , Gokulnath Sabapathi , Kawabe Yasunori , Furuta Hiroyuki
Published: February 2012

A series of 5,10,15‐tris(pentafluorophenyl) doubly N‐confused bilanes were synthesized in a stepwise manner with the aid of sterically demanding N‐protecting groups, in which the difference in reactivity between regular pyrrole and N‐confused pyrrole plays a crucial role in the synthetic strategy. Some doubly N‐confused bilanes were converted into porphyrinoids or a unique 2:2 copper(II) complex with a helical structure. In addition, the conformations and electronic states of the doubly N‐confused bilanes were investigated theoretically, giving fruitful information about the effect of confusion on the bilane skeleton.
Do Carbenes Have a “Hidden” Carbon(0) Character? Revisiting the Electronic Structure of 2,2′‐Bipyridyl Carbene
Authors: Guha Ankur Kanti , Phukan Ashwini K.
Published: February 2012

Density functional calculations predict that 2,2′‐bipyridyl carbenes have some degree of “hidden” carbon(0) character. This is supported by very high second proton affinity values and bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for the dissociation of one AuCl and one Ni(CO)2 molecule from [(AuCl)2(2,2′‐bipyridyl carbene)] and [{Ni(CO)2}2(2,2′‐bipyridyl carbene)]. An Arduengo type carbene also showed significant BDE values for gem‐dimetallation, thus indicating the possible existence of carbon(0) character. All of the dimetallated derivatives showed metallophilic interactions.
A Smart Gelator as a Chemosensor: Application to Integrated Logic Gates in Solution, Gel, and Film
Authors: Xue Pengchong , Lu Ran , Jia Junhui , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka
Published: February 2012

A gelator that consisted of one benzimidazole moiety and four amide units was used as a chemosensor. We found that its absorption and emission spectra in solution were sensitive to two complementary chemical stimuli: protons and anions. Thus, YES and INH logic gates were obtained when absorbance was defined as an output. A combination gate of XNOR and AND with an emission output was also obtained. Moreover, wet gels in two solvents were used to construct two more‐complicated three‐input‐three‐output gates, owing to the existence of the gel phase as an additional output. Finally, in xerogel films that were formed from two kinds of wet gels, reversible changes in their emission spectra were observed when they were sequentially exposed to volatile acid and NH3. Another combination two‐output logic gate was obtained for xerogel films. Finally, three states of the gelator were used to construct not only basic logic gate, but also some combination gates because of their response to multiple chemical stimuli and their multiple output signals, in which one chemical input could erase the effect of another chemical input.
One‐Step Solvothermal Synthesis of Single‐Crystalline TiOF2 Nanotubes with High Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance
Authors: Zeng Yi , Zhang Wenyu , Xu Chen , Xiao Ni , Huang Yizhong , Y. W. Yu Denis , Hng Huey Hoon , Yan Qingyu
Published: February 2012

Single‐crystalline TiOF2 nanotubes were prepared by a one‐step solvothermal method. The nanotubes are rectangular in shape with a length of 2–3 μm, width of 200–300 nm, and wall thickness of 40–60 nm. The formation of TiOF2 nanotubes is directly driven by the interaction between TiF4 and oleic acid in octadecane to form the 1D nanorods, and this is followed by a mass diffusion process to form the hollow structures. The synthesis approach can be extended to grow TiOF2 nanoparticles and nanorods. Compared with TiO2, which is the more commonly considered anode material in lithium‐ion batteries, TiOF2 has the advantages of a lower Li‐intercalation voltage (e.g., to help increase the total voltage of the battery cell) and higher specific capacities. The TiOF2 nanotubes showed good Li‐storage properties with high specific capacities, stable cyclabilities, and good rate capabilities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Optical Properties of a New Cesium Aluminum Borate, Cs2Al2B2O7.
Authors: Feng Kai , Yin Wenlong , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: February 2012

The new title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of Cs2CO3, Al2O3, and H3BO3 (1000 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Li NMR Spectroscopy on Crystalline Li12Si7: Experimental Evidence for the Aromaticity of the Planar Cyclopentadienyl‐Analogous Si56‐ Rings.
Authors: Kuhn Alexander , Sreeraj Puravankara , Poettgen Rainer , Wiemhoefer Hans‐Dieter , Wilkening Martin , Heitjans Paul
Published: February 2012

The Li MAS NMR spectrum of the Zintl phase Li12Si7 shows a distinct signal at ‐17.2 ppm, which can be unambigously assigned to the Li ions sandwiched between cyclopentadienyl‐analogous Si56‐ rings.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Rhodium‐Doped Calcium Niobate Nanosheets for Hydrogen Production from a Water/Methanol System Without Cocatalyst Loading.
Authors: Okamoto Yohei , Ida Shintaro , Hyodo Junji , Hagiwara Hidehisa , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: February 2012

Rhodium‐doped calcium niobate nanosheets are obtained by exfoliation of layered KCa2Nb3‐xRhxO10‐δ (x = 0—0.15).
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide Complexes of Macrocyclic Polyoxovanadates by VO4 Units: Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure Elucidation by X‐Ray Crystallography and EXAFS Spectroscopy.
Authors: Nishio Masaki , Inami Shinnosuke , Katayama Misaki , Ozutsumi Kazuhiko , Hayashi Yoshihito
Published: February 2012

The title compounds are characterized by single crystal XRD, IR, and EXAFS.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective, Intermolecular α‐Arylation of Ester Enolates to Form Tertiary Stereocenters.
Authors: Huang Zhiyan , Liu Zheng , Zhou Jianrong
Published: February 2012

Palladium catalysts supported by a new chiral H8‐BINOL‐derived monophosphine PHO are applied to the title reaction of enolates (I) with aryl triflates to give the arylated esters with up to 96% enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Nitroaldol (Henry) Reactions Utilizing a Chiral C1‐Symmetric Dinitrogen Ligand.
Authors: Zhou Yirong , Gong Yuefa
Published: February 2012

Both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes are converted to nitroalcohol products with up to 96% enantioselectivity in the presence of a copper(II)/exo‐bornylamine derived catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbohalogenation: Bromide to Iodide Exchange and Domino Processes.
Authors: Newman Stephen G. , Howell Jennifer K. , Nicolaus Norman , Lautens Mark
Published: February 2012

Aryl bromides of type (I) or (III) undergo a bromide exchange‐induced carboiodination in the presence of KF to give a variety of iodomethyl‐substituted oxygen‐ and nitrogen heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Lead(IV) Acetate Mediated Cleavage of β‐Hydroxy Ethers: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Acetoxy Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Alvarez‐Manzaneda Enrique , Chahboun Rachid , Alvarez Esteban , Alvarez‐Manzaneda Ramon , Munoz Pedro E. , Jimenez Fermin , Bouanou Hanane
Published: February 2012

The synthesis of a variety of α‐acetoxy carbonyl compounds is efficiently achieved by lead tetraacetate mediated oxidative ring opening of various 2,3‐epoxy primary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (‐)‐Oseltamivir by Using a Microreactor in the Curtius Rearrangement.
Authors: Ishikawa Hayato , Bondzic Bojan P. , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: February 2012

The method avoids the isolation of the potentially hazardous azide intermediate and can be scaled up as an industrial process.
ChemInform Abstract: SiO2‐Supported RuCl3/3‐(Dichloroiodo)benzoic Acid: Green Catalytic System for the Oxidation of Alcohols and Sulfides in Water.
Authors: Zeng Xiao‐Mei , Chen Jiang‐Min , Yoshimura Akira , Middleton Kyle , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: February 2012

A new green catalytic oxidative system based on SiO2‐supported RuCl3 and 3‐(dichloroiodo)benzoic acid as oxidant is used for the oxidation of alcohols and sulfides under mild conditions in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Clean and Efficient Benzylic C—H Oxidation Using a Microflow System.
Authors: Lv Xiao‐Ming , Kong Ling‐Jie , Lin Qi , Liu Xiao‐Feng , Zhou Ya‐Ming , Jia Yu
Published: February 2012

An efficient procedure using a microreactor system is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reduction of 2‐Chloro‐3‐oxo Esters by Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Bai Jinjin , Miao Shifeng , Wu Yun , Zhang Yawen
Published: February 2012

The reduction is accomplished by using Noyori′s Ru(cymene)‐TsDPEN catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of the Carboxamide Protecting Group, 4‐(tert‐Butyldimethylsiloxy)‐2‐methoxybenzyl.
Authors: Muranaka Kazuhiro , Ichikawa Satoshi , Matsuda Akira
Published: February 2012

Smb is found to be an efficient carboxamide protecting group.
ChemInform Abstract: Active Cobalt Catalyst for the Cleavage of Benzyl Ether.
Authors: Wang Bo , Yin Zhaojun , Li Yangbing , Yang Ting‐Xiang , Meng Xiang‐Bao , Li Zhong‐Jun
Published: February 2012

An improved method for the cleavage of primary and secondary benzyl ethers is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodide‐Catalyzed Reductions: Development of a Synthesis of Phenylacetic Acids.
Authors: Milne Jacqueline E. , Storz Thomas , Colyer John T. , Thiel Oliver R. , Dilmeghani Seran Mina , Larsen Robert D. , Murry Jerry A.
Published: February 2012

Treatment of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids with NaI/H3PO4/MesOH allows a new and efficient access to phenylacetic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of γ‐Heteroatom Substituted β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Fan Weizheng , Li Wanfang , Ma Xin , Tao Xiaoming , Li Xiaoming , Yao Ying , Xie Xiaomin , Zhang Zhaoguo
Published: February 2012

The phosphine efficiently promotes the reduction of a wide range of γ‐heteroatom substituted β‐keto esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbocyclization/Arylation of Enallenes.
Authors: Jiang Tuo , Persson Andreas K. Aa. , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: February 2012

The reaction is applied to electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing arylboronic acids tolerating halogens, silyl‐, formyl‐, vinyl‐ and hydroxy‐groups [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Supported Diarylprolinol Ethers as Highly Efficient Organocatalysts for Michael‐Type Reactions.
Authors: Alza Esther , Sayalero Sonia , Kasaplar Pinar , Almasi Diana , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: February 2012

The novel catalyst (I) is effective in additions of aldehydes to nitroolefins and of nitromethane or malonates to α,β‐saturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition Reactions of Arylboronic Acids to Acyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Compounds: The Formal Synthesis of (‐)‐Indatraline.
Authors: Wei Wei‐Ting , Yeh Jiann‐Yih , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Wu Hsyueh‐Liang
Published: February 2012

Chiral 2,5‐disubstituted bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene ligands are prepared and applied to the conjugate addition reaction of arylboronic acids to acyclic α,β‐unsaturated compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐CF3‐Substituted Carbonyl Compounds with Relative and Absolute Stereocontrol Using Electrophilic CF3‐Transfer Reagents.
Authors: Matousek Vaclav , Togni Antonio , Bizet Vincent , Cahard Dominique
Published: February 2012

The reaction of lithium imide enolates, generated from ketones, bearing a chiral auxiliary, with hypervalent iodine‐CF3 reagent (II) results in formation of α‐trifluoromethylated products with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Substrate‐Specific Hydration of Nitriles to Amides in Water by Using a CeO2 Catalyst.
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Wakasugi Hiroko , Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Satsuma Atsushi
Published: February 2012

The method requires a heteroatom adjacent to the α‐carbon of the CN group.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemically Induced Radical Transformation of C(sp3)—H Bonds to C(sp3)—CN Bonds.
Authors: Kamijo Shin , Hoshikawa Tamaki , Inoue Masayuki
Published: February 2012

Activation of the C—H bonds by photoexcited benzophenone and their cyanation proceeds with complete stereo‐ and chemoselectivity at the most electron‐rich C—H bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed α‐Alkylation of Aldehydes with Diaryl Methyl Alcohols.
Authors: Xing Chong , Sun Hui , Zhang Junmin , Li Guohui , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: February 2012

The α‐alkylation of aldehydes with diarylmethanols is achieved in the presence of Broensted acids such as TfOH, TosOH or dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Defined [Rh(NHC)(OH)] Complexes Enabling the Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Truscott Byron J. , Fortman George C. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: February 2012

Three stable, monomeric rhodium(I) hydroxide complexes incorporating N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Catalytic Asymmetric Aziridination of Aldehydes.
Authors: Gupta Anil K. , Mukherjee Munmun , Wulff William D.
Published: February 2012

Various aziridine‐2‐carboxylic esters are prepared with high yields and enantioselectivities from imines, generated in situ from aldehydes and the amine (I), with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA).
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Promoted, Silver—Phosphine Complex‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Cyclization of 2‐(1‐Hydroxy‐3‐arylprop‐2‐ynyl)phenols Leading to a Highly Efficient Approach to Aurones.
Authors: Lin Mingdeng , Yu Min , Han Chengyan , Li Chao‐Jun , Yao Xiaoquan
Published: February 2012

The intramolecular cyclization of (I) is efficiently catalyzed by a silver complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective and Regioselective Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Addition of Pyrroles to Isatins.
Authors: Gutierrez Elisa G. , Wong Casey J. , Sahin Aziza H. , Franz Annaliese K.
Published: February 2012

The reaction requires an excess of pyrrole to provide the addition products with high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Ecofriendly and Sustainable Efficient Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes Based on Recyclable Broensted (CSA) or Lewis (ZrOCl2·8H2O) Acid Catalysts.
Authors: Mishra Sarita , Ghosh Rina
Published: February 2012

Green conditions of the reaction, moisture stability and recyclability of the catalyst as well as low toxicity make the present procedure very attractive for its further ramification towards large scale production.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Olefination of N‐(1‐Naphthyl)sulfonamides Using Activated and Unactivated Alkenes.
Authors: Li Xuting , Gong Xue , Zhao Miao , Song Guoyong , Deng Jian , Li Xingwei
Published: February 2012

Activated olefins react to afford five‐membered azacycles [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Gel‐Mediated Microwave‐Assisted Efficient Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazoles and Exploration of Naked Eye/Colorimetric Sensor for Anions.
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pranabes , Medda Arunima , Samanta Anuva , Guchhait Nikhil , Das Asish R.
Published: February 2012

An improved and very rapid one‐pot synthesis of tri‐ and tetrasubstituted imidazoles via multicomponent cyclocondensation reactions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1‐benzylated‐1H‐benzimidazoles.
Authors: Shaterian Hamid Reza , Fahimi Nafiseh , Azizi Kobra
Published: February 2012

The green reaction is carried out under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activities Evaluation of New 4‐(2,4‐Difluorophenyl)‐N‐aryl‐5‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)thiazol‐2‐amine.
Authors: Liu Jian‐Bing , Dai Hong , Fang Jian‐Xin
Published: February 2012

Fiveteen thiazole derivatives of type (IV) and (VII) are prepared and tested for their antifungal and plant‐growth regulatory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Formation of Six‐Membered Oxa‐ and Carbocycles by the In(III)‐Activated Ring Closure of Acetylenic Substrates.
Authors: Qiu Wen‐Wei , Surendra Karavadhi , Yin Liang , Corey E. J.
Published: February 2012

The reaction is catalyzed by InI3 and proceeds with complete selectivity to afford the bi‐, tri‐ and tetracyclic products with good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyzed Selective Direct α‐ and γ‐Alkylation of Aldehydes with Cyclic Benzyl Ethers by Using T+BF‐4 in the Presence of an Inexpensive Organic Acid or Anhydride.
Authors: Richter Heinrich , Rohlmann Renate , Garcia Mancheno Olga
Published: February 2012

The reaction of the cyclic benzyl ethers with various carbonyl compounds as aldehydes, ketones and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes applies oxoammonium salt TBF as the formal hydrogen acceptor and Cu(OTf)2 as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Mediated Cu‐Catalyzed Cascade oxa‐Michael‐Oxidation: Efficient Synthesis of Flavones under Mild Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Du Zhiyun , Ng Huifen , Zhang Kun , Zeng Huaqiang , Wang Jian
Published: February 2012

The Cu(I)‐catalyzed cascade intramolecular oxa‐Michael‐oxidation sequence affords the flavones (II) and (IV) in high yields.A variety of functional groups is well tolerated in the reaction process.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroisocoumarins and Phthalides Using the Heck—Matsuda Reaction.
Authors: da Penha Eduardo T. , Forni Jose Augusto , Biagoli Andre F. P. , Correia Carlos Roque D.
Published: February 2012

Reaction of diazonium salt (I) with electron‐rich styrenes gives isocoumarins,whereas electron deficient‐olefins provide phthalides.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, High Yielding, and Eco‐Friendly Method for the Synthesis of 14‐Aryl‐ or 14‐Alkyl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes Using Polyvinylsulfonic Acid as a Recyclable Broensted Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Rahmatpour Ali
Published: February 2012

Seventeen title compounds of type (III) are prepared from 2‐naphtol (I) and aldehydes (II) using polyvinylsulfonic acid (PVSA).
ChemInform Abstract: A Modular Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridines Through Lewis Acid‐Mediated and Microwave‐Assisted Cycloadditions Between Azapyrylium Intermediates and Alkynes.
Authors: Linder Igor , Gerhard Markus , Schefzig Luise , Andrae Michal , Bentz Christoph , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Zimmer Reinhold
Published: February 2012

The dissociation of 6H‐1,2‐oxazine precursors mediated by BF3·OEt2 affords the azapyrylium intermediates which undergo the hetero‐Diels—Alder reactions with terminal or internal alkynes to give variously substituted pyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of 4‐Thiazolidinones and Its 5‐Arylidene Derivatives: Screening of Antimicrobial Activity with Various Microorganisms.
Authors: Upadhyay Apoorva , Srivastava S. K. , Srivastava S. D. , Upadhyay Navneeta
Published: February 2012

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of new isonicotinamide derivatives incorporating a thiazolidine moiety (VIII) and their 5‐arylidene derivatives [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Sorafenib and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Xia Wenpin , Wang Bo , Luo Yu , Lu Wei
Published: February 2012

Sorafenib (Va) and its derivatives (Vb)—(Ve) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Hantzsch Reaction: Synthesis and Characterization of Some New 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives as Potent Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents.
Authors: Vijesh A. M. , Isloor Arun M. , Peethambar S. K. , Shivananda K. N. , Arulmoli T. , Isloor Nishitha A.
Published: February 2012

A variety of new substituted Hantzsch 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives containing a pyrazole moiety is synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Tandem 1,3‐Migration/[2 + 2] Cycloaddition of 1,7‐Enyne Benzoates to Azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct‐5‐enes.
Authors: Rao Weidong , Susanti Dewi , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: February 2012

Cyclobutane‐fused piperidines synthesized by the present new Au(I)‐catalyzed method are obtained as single diastereomers irrespective of the diastereomeric purity of the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Induced Stereoselectivity in Synthesis of trans‐4‐Aryl‐3‐methyl‐6‐oxo‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐2H‐pyrazolo [3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbonitriles.
Authors: Rahmati Abbas , Kouzehrash Meysam Alizadeh
Published: February 2012

All products are purified by recrystallization from ethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of C‐3‐(Hetero)aryl [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines Using the Stille Reaction.
Authors: Germain Herve , Harris Craig S. , Lebraud Honorine
Published: February 2012

A high yielding synthesis of starting material (V) is developed and its application in the title reactions is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Conventional and Microwave Irradiation Technique for the Synthesis of Some Pyrimidine and Pyrazoline Derivatives from 1‐{4′‐[(4′′‐Methylpiperazinyl)‐diazenyl] phenyl}‐3‐(substitutedphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (I) and Studies of Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Mistry B. D. , Desai K. R. , Rana P. B.
Published: February 2012

New pyrimidine derivatives (III) and pyrazoline derivatives (IV) and (VI) possess only low antibacterial activities compared to reference drug streptomycin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ones Catalyzed by Broensted‐Acidic Ionic Liquids as Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalysts.
Authors: Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar , Moloudi Raheleh , Davoodnia Abolghasem , Shaker Mohammad
Published: February 2012

The reaction is conducted under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 5‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐4,7‐dihydro‐[1,2,4]‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Li Tuanjie , Yao Changsheng , Lei Song , Yu Chenxia , Tu Shujiang
Published: February 2012

The applied ionic liquid can be recycled several times.
ChemInform Abstract: Study of the Reaction of 5‐Aryl‐7‐hydrazino‐2‐phenylpyrazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidines with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Atta Kamal F. M.
Published: February 2012

All products are purified by recrystallization.