bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a spherical parallel manipulator for brain surgery applications: preliminary study on the dynamic analysis and verification
Authors: Güzin Didem , Gezgin Erkin
Published: April 2022

This study focuses on development, task planning, and dynamic analysis of a previously proposed spherical parallel robot manipulator that is conceptually enhanced to adapt various brain surgery scenarios. Conceptual design of the proposed manipulator was briefly introduced and explained. In order to simulate one of the possible surgery scenarios, a case study of craniotomy was designed along with its trajectory planning. Dynamic analysis of proposed manipulator was performed by Lagrange method, and required actuator torque values were calculated for the desired trajectory. At the end of the study, hardware verification was carried out on the manufactured prototype of the system by comparing both calculated/acquired torque values and desired/actual trajectories. Promising verification results in terms of system dynamics and trajectory execution were introduced.
A Prefatory Study on the Effects of Alcohol on Ship Manoeuvring, Navigational and Decision-Making Abilities of Navigators
Authors: Gug Seung-Gi , Yun June-Ho , Harshapriya Dimantha , Han Jae-Jin
Published: April 2022

Adverse effects of intoxicated driving have been well documented over the years, with clear conclusions. In addition, it is evident that the cognitive and neurological functions and reaction times deteriorate with the consumption of alcohol. Addressing the lack of literature on the subject, this paper focuses on studying the effects of alcohol on manoeuvring, navigational and decision-making ability in ship navigation. Ten participants – five cadets and five experienced navigation officers – volunteered and carried out a standard manoeuvre using a computer-controlled vessel simulator, under three different blood alcohol concentrations (0⋅00%, 0⋅05% and 0⋅08% BAC). Results from the simulations were used to assess the performance and the decision-making ability of participants under the influence of alcohol. In addition, the responses and behaviour of the simulated vessel when the navigators were intoxicated were analysed. Workload experienced by participants during the simulations were also assessed using the NASA Task Load Index. Findings of this preliminary study proved that the ability to make the correct decisions at the right time was drastically deteriorated when the blood alcohol concentration was increased.
NICHOLAS GEORGESCU-ROEGEN, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIST
Authors: Suprinyak Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2022

Accounts of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen’s career usually focus on his pioneer contributions to mathematical economics during the 1930s and his later conversion to a critical approach to economic theory anchored on the entropy law. These disparate moments, however, were connected by Georgescu-Roegen’s strong attraction to the study of problems afflicting less developed societies. This began with his work on the agrarian economy of his native Romania, in the late 1940s, under the auspices of Harvard’s Russian Research Center. Thenceforth, he embarked on a journey that spawned his early interest in Leontief-type linear models, an extended tour of Southeast Asia commissioned by Vanderbilt University’s Graduate Program in Economic Development, and several visits to Brazil during the 1960s. The paper highlights these lesser-known aspects of Georgescu-Roegen’s trajectory, examining how he built on neo-populist writings from the early twentieth century to construct an alternative to the mainstream emphasis on industrialization policies.
THE MADMAN AND THE ECONOMIST(S): GEORGES BATAILLE AND FRANÇOIS PERROUX AS FRENCH CRITIQUES OF THE MARSHALL PLAN
Authors: Fèvre Raphaël
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the initial reception of the Marshall Plan by Georges Bataille and François Perroux in light of the discussion they held in the journalCritique, during the second half of 1948. I argue that Bataille and Perroux took the Marshall Plan as an enigma that current economic and political theories were not able to explain fully. In response, both authors contributed a unique and sophisticated economic analysis to transcend what they perceived as the limited scope of economics. By focusing on this interdisciplinary dialogue, this paper is intended as a contribution to a history of economic thought, taking in the economic inquiry of non-economists and the ways in which they relate to professional economists.
Horse and rider: who will drive change in ethics and practices of globalised conservation on living heritage sites?
Authors: Prizeman Oriel
Published: April 2022

This article explores challenges that surround the implementation of conservation management strategies for living heritage in the context of two case study sites in India. Acknowledging that, in theory, ‘bottom-up’ strategies for expertise exist but are rarely constituted in practice, it presents two vivid but fragile examples where such possibilities might be observed. It first distinguishes the Indian Cultural Heritage context from many conventional conceptions of heritage, defined by its distance from the beholder. Vignettes illustrate how the complexity of simultaneous value systems and beliefs may confound precepts relating to the treatment of tangible heritage. A discussion of the role of the architect in drawing and model making in this context is promoted for the purpose of deeper documentation. It draws upon previous work, which has proposed the enhanced potential to record the ephemeral as well as the monumental using photogrammetry. Building on this, the role of 3D digital models has recently been suggested as a means to contribute to processes for mediating between contested conservation strategies. Challenges of heritage that is at risk of destruction from being overwhelmed by nature are separated from those associated with dereliction or, in this instance and most importantly, increased use. The two case studies, in north and south India – at Ajmer in Rajasthan and at Madurai in Tamil Nadu – are discussed in relation to other examples. These present the opportunity to consider in context how issues of the designation of value at a local or a global scale might relate to corresponding difficulties in terms of governance and control at local or global scales. It again emphasises the role and scope of deeper documentation for this purpose. In terms of safeguarding, it suggests that better means for deeper observation of existing practices of maintenance should specifically be incorporated in future work.
Heterogeneity in longevity, redistribution, and pension reform
Authors: Díaz-Saavedra Julián
Published: April 2022

The gap in the life expectancy of the elderly across educational groups is high, and this will probably increase over the coming decades. In this article, we use a computable overlapping generations model economy to show that the long-term link between heterogeneity in longevity and education could translate into an implicit tax/subsidy on the expected lifetime benefits to lifetime payroll taxes ratio, with rates around 10%, and that such rates pervert redistributive objectives of pension systems. We then analyze some parametric changes aimed at restoring the progressiveness of these systems in the long run, and find that a higher minimum pension or changes in the pension benefit formula go a long way as tools to restore the system's long-term progressivity.
Control of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with sequential applications of dimethenamid-Pin dry edible bean
Authors: Miranda Joshua W.A. , Jhala Amit J. , Bradshaw Jeffrey , Lawrence Nevin C.
Published: April 2022

Biotypes of Palmer amaranth that are resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor are becoming widespread in western Nebraska. There are limited effective postemergence (POST) herbicides labeled for ALS-inhibitor-resistant Palmer amaranth control in dry edible bean. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dimethenamid-Pin a sequential preemergence (PRE) fb followed by (fb) POST program at two POST application timings, the first and third trifoliate stages (V1 and V3, respectively), for controlling ALS-inhibitor-resistant Palmer amaranth in dry edible bean. A field study was conducted in 2019, 2020, and 2021 in Scottsbluff, NE. PRE-alone applications of pendimethalin + dimethenamid-Pprovided inconsistent Palmer amaranth control. Dimethenamid-Papplied POST following a PRE application of pendimethalin + dimethenamid-Pprovided effective (>90%) Palmer amaranth control at 4 wk after V3 only at the V1 application timing in 2019. In 2020 and 2021 dimethenamid-Papplied POST at V1 and V3 following a PRE application of pendimethalin + dimethenamid-Pprovided 99% and 98% Palmer amaranth control at 4 wk after V3, and 98% and 94% Palmer amaranth control at harvest, respectively. Palmer amaranth biomass was reduced by 95% to 99% and by 96% to 98% compared with the -nontreated control when dimethenamid-Pwas applied POST at V1 and V3, respectively, following a PRE application of pendimethalin + dimethenamid-Pin 2020 and 2021. Application of a mixture of dimethenamid-Pwith imazamox + bentazon POST provided similar results to those of the fomesafen-containing treatments and dimethenamid-Palone POST. Dimethenamid-Papplied POST following a PRE application of pendimethalin + dimethenamid-Presulted in similar yield as the fomesafen-containing treatments. If fomesafen is not an option due to the crop rotation interval restriction, using dimethenamid-Pin a sequential PRE fb POST program is the only effective alternative to control ALS-inhibitor–resistant Palmer amaranth in Nebraska. The use of dimethenamid-Pin a sequential PRE fb POST program, alone or mixed with foliar-active herbicides should be considered by dry edible bean growers who are dealing with ALS-inhibitor-resistant Palmer amaranth.
Wave‐ and Tide‐Induced Infragravity Dynamics at an Intermediate‐To‐Dissipative Microtidal Beach
Authors: Melito Lorenzo , Parlagreco Luca , Devoti Saverio , Brocchini Maurizio
Published: April 2022

Numerical simulations of a range of wave climates and tide conditions made with the model XBeach are exploited to study propagation, evolution, dissipation, and reflection patterns of infragravity waves (IGW) at the intermediate‐to‐dissipative beach of Sabaudia (Tyrrhenian sea, Italy). On the basis of a novel calibration process performed using field swash properties collected by a nearby monitoring station, the model reproduces average run‐up characteristics with good skill (Willmott index of agreement of 0.61 for R2%). IGW at Sabaudia beach evolves exclusively as bound long waves growing across the shoaling region for both mild and intense wave climates. Furthermore, values of the dimensionless bed slope βH at which transition from steep‐to mild‐slope behavior occurs are higher than the threshold commonly assumed in the literature. Finally, although the small tide (0.4 m between mean high water spring and mean high water spring; tide range/breaking wave amplitude ratios between 0.14 and 1.1) does not alter bulk IGW reflection significantly, low tide is effective in reducing onshore IGW fluxes and, ultimately, reflection coefficients R2 selectively for intermediate IG frequencies. Our study, for the first time, gives clear evidence that the tide has a role in determining frequency‐dependent IGW dynamics and altering the dissipative state of a mild sloping beach also in a microtidal environment.
Global Ocean Response to the 5‐Day Rossby‐Haurwitz Atmospheric Mode Seen by GRACE
Authors: Ponte Rui M. , Schindelegger Michael
Published: April 2022

A dynamic response of the ocean to surface pressure loading by the well‐known 5‐day Rossby‐Haurwitz mode in the atmosphere has been inferred from limited in situ data, but a global characterization of such response, including details at mid and high latitudes, has been lacking. Here, we explore two products based on inversions of daily Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations to obtain a first quasi‐global look at the associated ocean bottom pressure (pb) signals at 5‐day period. The previously reported in‐phase behavior over the Atlantic basin, seesaw between the Atlantic and Pacific, and westward propagation in the Pacific are all seen in the GRACE‐based pb fields. Correlation analysis points to the Rossby‐Haurwitz surface pressure wave as the main forcing for the observed large‐scale pb anomalies. Other previously unknown features include relatively strong responses in the Southern Ocean and also some shallow coastal regions (e.g., North Sea, East Siberian shelf, and Patagonian shelf), with model experiments indicating they are mainly forced by winds. Inferences on energetics based on GRACE solutions and model results point to decay time scales shorter than the oscillation period, with substantial kinetic energy and dissipation located over a few topographic features in the Southern Ocean. Comparisons with in situ pb and Earth rotation data suggest that the satellite‐based pb estimates at 5‐day period are somewhat more realistic than those of the GRACE de‐aliasing products and comparable to another independent ocean model. Results illustrate the potential of space gravity measurements for examining large‐scale oceanic variability at subweekly periods.
Identification of Artificial Levees in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Knox R. L. , Morrison R. R. , Wohl E. E.
Published: April 2022

Artificial levees are anthropogenic structures designed to hydrologically disconnect rivers from floodplains. The extent of artificial levees in the contiguous United States (CONUS) is unknown. To better estimate the distribution of artificial levees, we tested several different geomorphic, land cover, and spatial variables developed from the National Elevation Dataset, the National Land Cover database, and the National Hydrology Dataset HR Plus. We used known levee locations from the National Levee Database as training data. We tested machine learning and general logistic models’ ability to detect artificial levees in a 100‐year hydrogeomorphic floodplain of seven geographically diverse 8‐digit HUC basins. Random forest models outperformed other models in predicting the location of levees using variables representing geomorphic attributes, land cover, and distance from streams ranging in size between stream order one through six. To demonstrate the ability of our approach to detect unknown levees, we conducted a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation in the lower Mississippi Basin using approximately 1,100 artificial levees. This approach detected known levees constituting 94% of the total levee length in the basin. Scaling up to the CONUS, we applied a high performing (overall accuracy of 97%) random forest model using land cover and stream order variables. We detected 182,213 km of potential levees, mostly along streams of order 2–6 in the Mississippi and Missouri River Basins, indicating that the national levee database contains 20.4% of levee length. Potential levees and those documented in the national levee database modify 2% of the total length of streams in the contiguous United States.
Stereo Plume Height and Motion Retrievals for the Record‐Setting Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption of 15 January 2022
Authors: Carr James L. , Horváth Ákos , Wu Dong L. , Friberg Mariel D.
Published: April 2022

Stereo methods using GOES‐17 and Himawari‐8 applied to the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai volcanic plume on 15 January 2022 show overshooting tops reaching 50–55 km altitude, a record in the satellite era. Plume height is important to understand dispersal and transport in the stratosphere and climate impacts. Stereo methods, using geostationary satellite pairs, offer the ability to accurately capture the evolution of plume top morphology quasi‐continuously over long periods. Manual photogrammetry estimates plume height during the most dynamic early phase of the eruption and a fully automated algorithm retrieves both plume height and advection every 10 min during a more frequently sampled and stable phase beginning 3 hr after the eruption. Stereo heights are confirmed with Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation bending angles, showing that much of the plume was lofted 30–40 km into the atmosphere. Cold bubbles are observed in the stratosphere with brightness temperature of ∼173 K.
The Molecular Oxygen Density Structure of the Lower Thermosphere as Seen by GOLD and Models
Authors: Greer K. R. , Laskar F. , Eastes R. W. , Lumpe J. , Liu H.‐L. , Pedatella N.
Published: April 2022

Oxygen chemistry plays a central role in the production of plasma in the ionosphere. While molecular oxygen (O2) is the third most abundant constituent in the thermosphere, molecular and atomic oxygen densities are difficult to quantify accurately. Consequently, modeled densities have significant uncertainties. New stellar occultation measurements from the Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission provide data that can quantify, with high precision, the O2 density and its daily and local time variations. These observations are compared to the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter radar family of empirical models and the physics based Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension. While GOLD observations show a strong diurnal structure with local time, the models display a semidiurnal structure in O2. The local time structure of O2 is critical for accurately modeling plasma densities in the ionosphere.
Timing Earth's Abiotic Kitchen: Short Hydrothermal Fluid Residence Times in Serpentinizing Oceanic Crust
Authors: Reeves Eoghan P.
Published: April 2022

Hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rock (serpentinization) creates extremely reducing (H2‐rich) fluids in the oceanic crust, resulting in strong thermodynamic drives to reduce CO2 to organic molecules in the absence of life. Timescales on which such hydrothermal fluids circulate (thus produce or destroy such organic molecules) have remained enigmatic. In their new publication, Moore et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017886) present compelling radioisotope‐based estimates of fluid residence times in a widely known site of purported abiotic synthesis—The Lost City Hydrothermal Field. Using a model that accounts for the sorptive behavior of Ra radionuclides during circulation, they find that fluids at Lost City must have remarkably short residence times, averaging 0.5–2 years or less. The study represents a critical step forward in our understanding of Earth's abiotic organic “kitchen”, as it now places a constraint on the timeframe in which organic molecule creation should occur in such fluids (if at all) prior to venting at the seafloor.
Thank You to Our 2021 Reviewers, and a New Co‐Reviewing Protocol
Authors: East Amy E. , Attal Mikael , Hoitink A. J. F. (Ton) , Sergienko Olga V.
Published: April 2022

The Editors of the Journal of Geophysical Research—Earth Surface express their appreciation to those who served as peer reviewers for the journal in 2021, and explain the newly formalized opportunity for early‐career scientists to co‐review manuscripts.
Loss of E-cadherin leads to Id2-dependent inhibition of cell cycle progression in metastatic lobular breast cancer
Authors: Rätze Max A. K. , Koorman Thijs , Sijnesael Thijmen , Bassey-Archibong Blessing , van de Ven Robert , Enserink Lotte , Visser Daan , Jaksani Sridevi , Viciano Ignacio , Bakker Elvira R. M. , Richard François , Tutt Andrew , O’Leary Lynda , Fitzpatrick Amanda , Roca-Cusachs Pere , van Diest Paul J. , Desmedt Christine , Daniel Juliet M. , Isacke Clare M. , Derksen Patrick W. B.
Published: April 2022

Invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC) is characterized by proliferative indolence and long-term latency relapses. This study aimed to identify how disseminating ILC cells control the balance between quiescence and cell cycle re-entry. In the absence of anchorage, ILC cells undergo a sustained cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 while maintaining viability. From the genes that are upregulated in anchorage independent ILC cells, we selected Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2), a mediator of cell cycle progression. Using loss-of-function experiments, we demonstrate that Id2 is essential for anchorage independent survival (anoikis resistance) in vitro and lung colonization in mice. Importantly, we find that under anchorage independent conditions, E-cadherin loss promotes expression of Id2 in multiple mouse and (organotypic) human models of ILC, an event that is caused by a direct p120-catenin/Kaiso-dependent transcriptional de-repression of the canonical Kaiso binding sequence TCCTGCNA. Conversely, stable inducible restoration of E-cadherin expression in the ILC cell line SUM44PE inhibits Id2 expression and anoikis resistance. We show evidence that Id2 accumulates in the cytosol, where it induces a sustained and CDK4/6-dependent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through interaction with hypo-phosphorylated Rb. Finally, we find that Id2 is indeed enriched in ILC when compared to other breast cancers, and confirm cytosolic Id2 protein expression in primary ILC samples. In sum, we have linked mutational inactivation of E-cadherin to direct inhibition of cell cycle progression. Our work indicates that loss of E-cadherin and subsequent expression of Id2 drive indolence and dissemination of ILC. As such, E-cadherin and Id2 are promising candidates to stratify low and intermediate grade invasive breast cancers for the use of clinical cell cycle intervention drugs.
Pairwise quantum criteria and teleportation in a spin square complex
Authors: Benabdallah Fadwa , Haddadi Saeed , Arian Zad Hamid , Pourkarimi Mohammad Reza , Daoud Mohammed , Ananikian Nerses
Published: April 2022

Thermal non-classical correlations quantified by concurrence entanglement, local quantum uncertainty, and quantum coherence in a four-qubit square chain are exactly examined. The influences of the Hamiltonian parameters on the mentioned pairwise quantum criteria and fidelity of teleportation are studied, and the most interesting findings are discussed in detail. It is found that the tuning anisotropy results in enhancing the thermal quantum correlations and coherence as well as average fidelity until achieving maximum values. We persuasively deduce that quantum coherence is a more efficient criterion than that of concurrence and local quantum uncertainty to detect the quantumness of a thermal state.
Molar loss induces hypothalamic and hippocampal astrogliosis in aged mice
Authors: Furukawa Masae , Tada Hirobumi , Wang Jingshu , Yamada Mitsuyoshi , Kurosawa Mie , Satoh Akiko , Ogiso Noboru , Shikama Yosuke , Matsushita Kenji
Published: April 2022

Age-related tooth loss impedes mastication. Epidemiological and physiological studies have reported that poor oral hygiene and occlusion are associated with cognitive decline. In the present study, we analyzed the mechanism by which decreased occlusal support following bilateral extraction of the maxillary first molars affects cognitive functions in young and aged mice and examined the expression of brain-function-related genes in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. We observed decreased working memory, enhanced restlessness, and increased nocturnal activity in aged mice with molar extraction compared with that in mice with intact molars. Furthermore, in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of molar-extracted aged mice, the transcript-level expression of Bdnf, Rbfox3, and Fos decreased, while that of Cdkn2a and Aif1 increased. Thus, decreased occlusal support after maxillary first molar extraction may affect cognitive function and activity in mice by influencing aging, neural activity, and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and hypothalamus.
Quick removal of metronidazole from aqueous solutions using metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Kalhorizadeh Tina , Dahrazma Behnaz , Zarghami Reza , Mirzababaei Soheyl , Kirillov Alexander M. , Abazari Reza
Published: April 2022

Two MOFs were assembled, characterized and investigated in detail as efficient adsorbents for removal of the metronidazole antibiotic. Adsorption isotherms and kinetic features were also studied.
Hybrid interaction network of guanidinium–biphenyldisulfonic acid for the structure determination of liquid molecules
Authors: Qin Shu-Qin , Gan Qian-Ying , Xu Wei , Jiang Ren-Wang
Published: April 2022

Guanidinium–biphenyldisulfonic acid (GBPS) was used as a coformer for the co-crystallization of liquid compounds 1–8, and their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Supramolecular assemblies of Zn(ii) complexes with a D–π–A ligand for sensing specific organic molecules
Authors: Huang Zi-Qing , Chen Jia-Qi , Zhao Shu-Man , Qiu Zhao-Feng , Zhao Yue , Sun Wei-Yin
Published: April 2022

Three Zn(ii) supramolecular assemblies are fabricated with a D–π–A ligand and present good fluorescent sensing properties for specific organic molecules.
Rotational spectroscopy of the argon dimer by time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging of rotational wave packets
Authors: Mizuse Kenta , Sato Urara , Tobata Yuya , Ohshima Yasuhiro
Published: April 2022

The time-domain rotational Raman spectrum of the argon dimer is measured on the basis of direct wave packet imaging to determine spectroscopic constants precisely, which are keys for further refinement of the intermolecular potential for the Ar–Ar pair.
Electron-induced dissociation dynamics studied using covariance-map imaging
Authors: Heathcote David , Robertson Patrick A. , Butler Alexander A. , Ridley Cian , Lomas James , Buffett Madeline M. , Bell Megan , Vallance Claire
Published: April 2022

Electron ionisation is a fundamental ionisation process that often leads to unimolecular dissociation. Velocity-map and covariance-map imaging experiments provide detailed insight into the often complex dissociation dynamics.
Design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluation of a novel series of biaryloxazolidinone derivatives against Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Qi Yinliang , Ding Xiudong , Wang Kun , Yan Pingzhen , Guo Xinxin , Ma Shiwei , Xiao Mingfei , Sun Pengrui , Liu Siyu , Hou Yunlei , Zhao Yanfang
Published: April 2022

A series of new biaryloxazolidinone derivatives has been designed and synthesized using the combination principle and blocking metabolic site to improve their antibacterial activity and stability.
A four-step cascade reaction involving O[1,3] sigmatropic shift and Smiles rearrangements as key steps
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , Xu Jiaxi
Published: April 2022

4-Nitroaryl halides and N-acyl-N-arylhydroxyamines undergo cascade aromatic nucleophilic substitution-O[1,3] sigmatropic shift-Smiles rearrangement-amide and ester exchange reaction, affording 2-((4-nitroaryl)amino)aryl carboxylates.
Degree-scale galactic radio emission at 122 MHz around the North Celestial Pole with LOFAR-AARTFAAC
Authors: Gehlot B. K. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Offringa A. R. , Gan H. , Ghara R. , Giri S. K. , Kuiack M. , Mertens F. G. , Mevius M. , Mondal R. , Pandey V. N. , Shulevski A. , Wijers R. A. M. J. , Yatawatta S.
Published: April 2022

Aims.Contamination from bright diffuse Galactic thermal and non-thermal radio emission poses crucial challenges in experiments aiming to measure the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the cosmic dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). If not included in calibration, this diffuse emission can severely impact the analysis and signal extraction in 21-cm experiments. We examine large-scale diffuse Galactic emission at 122 MHz around the North Celestial Pole, using the Amsterdam-ASTRON Radio Transient Facility and Analysis Centre (AARTFAAC-) High Band Antenna (HBA) system.

Methods.In this pilot project, we present the first-ever wide-field image produced with a single sub-band of the data recorded with the AARTFAAC-HBA system. We demonstrate two methods, multi-scale CLEAN and shapelet decomposition, to model the diffuse emission revealed in the image. We used angular power spectrum metrics to quantify different components of the emission and compared the performance of the two diffuse structure modelling approaches.

Results.We observed that the point sources dominate the angular power spectrum (ℓ(ℓ + 1)Cℓ/2π≡Δ2(ℓ)) of the emission in the field on scales of ℓ ≳ 60 (≲3 degree). The angular power spectrum after subtraction of compact sources is flat within the 20 ≲ ℓ ≲ 200 range, suggesting that the residual power is dominated by the diffuse emission on scales of ℓ ≲ 200. The residual diffuse emission has a brightness temperature variance of Δℓ=1802 = (145.64 ± 13.61) K2at 122 MHz on angular scales of 1 degree, and it is consistent with a power law followingCℓ ∝ ℓ−2.0in the 20 ≲ ℓ ≲ 200 range. We also find that, in the current set-up, multi-scale CLEAN is suitable to model the compact and diffuse structures on a wide range of angular scales, whereas the shapelet decomposition method better models the large scales, which are of the order of a few degrees and wider.
Implementation of artificial intelligence development strategy in the Russian Federation in the educational programs of aerospace engineering training of Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Authors: Kalugin Vladimir , Lutsenko Alexander , Romanova Irina , Xu Yongjian
Published: April 2022

As a part of the National Strategy on Artificial Intelligence development in the Russian Federation, the specific features of training in USSN 24.00.00 Aviation and Rocket-Space Engineering at “Mechanical Engineering” (SM) Department of Bauman Moscow State Technical University were considered. The analysis of self-established educational standards and the classification of artificial intelligence course modules, implemented at the SM Department, is carried out. Individual courses that already use methods of artificial intelligence or are promising for the introduction of such methods are presented.
Analysis of the impact of the introduced restrictions caused by the new COVID-19 infection in the field of education on the results of the unified state exam in various constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Konstantinov Ilia , Zhuleva Anna , Shavelkin Denis
Published: April 2022

Since the end of 2019, all countries of the world have faced a rapidly increasing level of disease caused by the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which in turn has led to the introduction of a number of restrictions in various areas of life. Educational institutions in many countries were forced to transfer students to a remote mode of work, for which both sides were not ready. The difficulty of a quick transition to a distance learning mode was primarily associated with a number of technical limitations, since not every educational institution had the proper material and technical support, just like not every student had the opportunity to use electronic resources. The resulting situation temporarily made it impossible to carry out the educational process. As technical and other problems were solved, educational organizations sought to bridge the gap in the quality of distance and face-to-face training. This article provides statistical data on the results of the unified state exam in mathematics in various regions of Russia and analyzes the results of the exam.
Methodology for identifying the effective proportion of educational activities for the purpose of conducting distance learning without losing the quality of the educational process
Authors: Konstantinov Ilia , Zhuleva Anna , Shavelkin Denis
Published: April 2022

The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has significantly affected all areas of society in all countries of the world, the education sector is no exception. In view of the rapid spread of the growth of morbidity, many universities were forced to abandon the traditional educational model and switch to a remote mode of operation. However, such a transition raises a serious question about the quality of training of students. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of distance learning in one of the technical specialties of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). This analysis contains various statistical data. This study shows that although distance learning forms have a number of positive aspects, they also have a number of negative factors, in view of which a complete transition from the classical educational model to the distance form is impossible.
Student character building activities as a component of higher education primary educational program
Authors: Kozorez Dmitriy , Dolgova Elena , Korneenkova Anna , Rumakina Alena , Shi Chuang
Published: April 2022

The paper provides a solution to the task of implementing student’s character building activities as a component of the main educational program of higher education in a technical university through the common universal competences formation, the educational process is considered as a single focused process of education and training in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, where education is an activity aimed at personal development, creating conditions for self-determination and socialization of the student.
Features of training of marine ship radio specialists
Authors: Lavrenteva Elena
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the features of training radio specialists for sea transport, taking into account international and national requirements for the qualifications of seafarers. It is emphasized that only persons who have diplomas and qualification certificates of the established form are allowed to occupy the positions of ship’s crew members. As part of the study, qualification documents were systematized for a GMDSS limited area operator, GMDSS operator, GMDSS second class radio electronics, radiotelephone operator and GMDSS first class radio electronics. The areas, types and tasks of the professional activity of the graduates of the educational program “Radio communication and electrical radio navigation of the marine fleet” have been determined. Among the main objects of professional activity, radio-electronic equipment on ships and coastal centers of sea and water transport is highlighted. It was emphasized that the results of training specialists are assessed by the acquired universal, general professional and professional competencies, i.e. the ability to apply knowledge, skills and personal qualities in accordance with the tasks of professional activity. The article examines modern trends in determining the quality of education by using internal and external assessments. It is concluded that the training of radio specialists for maritime transport in modern conditions is of great importance, especially taking into account the development of transportation along the Northern Sea Route and the industrial development of the Arctic. At the same time, the defining condition is the inclusion of international and national requirements in the educational process, then graduates in the field of radio communication and electric radio navigation of the marine fleet will be in demand in the Russian and foreign freight market.
Axiological approach in the university’s transformation based on the use of digital and remote educational technologies in pandemic and normal conditions
Authors: Sazonova Tatyana , Khristodulo Olga , Kiryakova Aida , Dusheyeva Nazira
Published: April 2022

The digitalization of education due to constant transformation is considered as an existing reality and at the same time is a challenge of a modern age. It will invariably lead to changes in the content of education, methods and organizational forms of educational work. The article considers the issues of the university’s transformation, describes the experience of using digital technologies during the mass transition to the remote studying on the example of two regional universities. Issues of axiology in transformation of education are considered.
Professional precedent texts in teaching English for aerospace engineers
Authors: Shafikova Inna
Published: April 2022

The paper discloses the importance of professional precedent texts for teaching English to future engineers and researchers at a Master’s degree program at a technical university. Three types of precedent texts found in scientific and technical articles are identified: classic precedent texts, term-type precedent texts, and professional precedent texts. It is stated that professional precedent texts have the greatest teaching potential. The most common genres of precedent texts for aerospace graduate students are review articles and original research articles in peer-reviewed journals. Criteria for the selection of professional precedent texts essential for teaching profession-oriented reading in aerospace departments of engineering universities are provided.
On the problem of motivation of technical university students in the case of group implementation of an interdisciplinary term project
Authors: Vlasova Elena , Popov Vladimir , Pugachev Oleg
Published: April 2022

The authors consider the problems concerned with the mathematical constituent of implementation of interdisciplinary semester projects by groups of students. Significance of using the method of projects for creation of the innovative environment in a technical university, as well as for formation of professional competences of future engineers is demonstrated. The authors have analyzed the techniques of student groups’ work on term projects and reflected the role of a teacher in the process of implementation of such projects. It is stressed that one of the major components of technical university education is fundamental training of engineering students based on deeper and wider cycle of mathematical and common engineering disciplines. It provides close interdisciplinary relations between the mathematics course and engineering disciplines, increases the motivation to master mathematics, helps the students to recognize the need to gain profound mathematical knowledge, and forms the skills of creative application of the gained knowledge to successful mastering their engineering professions chosen. It is demonstrated that, in a technical university, an interdisciplinary term project is in essence a task that unites various scientific and technical disciplines and demands engineering and technical knowledge as well as mathematical methods of task solution: applied methods of mathematical modeling, methods of probabilistic and statistical analysis of data, and various types of mathematical packages.
Relationship between Decrease in Urine Output following Treatment with Prostaglandin Inhibitors and PDA Closure
Authors: Goel Malika , Dutta Sourabh , Saini Shiv Sajan , Sundaram Venkataseshan
Published: April 2022

Objective Prostaglandin inhibitors are used for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and they often transiently decrease the urine output (UO) due to prostaglandin inhibition in the renal vasculature. We hypothesized that preterm infants whose renal vasculature shows greater sensitivity to prostaglandin inhibitors are likely to have ductal tissue with greater sensitivity to the same. Our objective was to determine whether the decrease in UO following treatment of PDA with a prostaglandin inhibitor is associated with a higher probability of PDA closure.

Study Design In a prospective, proof-of-concept, cohort study, we enrolled 40 preterm neonates with hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA), being treated with a prostaglandin inhibitor. The key predictor, UO, was measured at baseline and daily until 72 hours. We repeated echocardiography daily until PDA closure or the end of treatment. The key outcome was PDA closure. We compared “PDA-closed” (n = 28) and “PDA-open” (n = 12) groups for change in UO from baseline.

Results The median (Q1, Q3) percent decrease in UO (figures rounded off to integers) was greater in the “PDA-closed” versus “PDA-open” group: from baseline to 0 to 24 hours [−45% (−55%, +0.04%) vs. −15% (−28%, +49%)]; baseline to 24 to 48 hours [−41% (−53%, +14%) vs. −3% (−25%, +62%), p = 0.03] and baseline to 48 to 72 hours [−33% (−49%, +32%) vs. +21% (−7%, +98%), p = 0.02]. Decrease in UO preceded PDA closure. The “PDA-closed” group had significantly greater weight loss, despite a greater decrease in UO. A decrease in UO of 27 and 17% by 24 to 48 hours and 48 to 72 hours, respectively, best predicted PDA closure.

Conclusion A decrease in UO after treating hsPDA with a prostaglandin inhibitor is associated with successful closure of PDA.

Key Points
A Practical and Scalable Preparation of Lusianthridin
Authors: Liao Qi , Shi Da-Yu , Wang Zhengtao , Wang Yu-Hui , Xu Hao , Zhang Gui-Shan , Huang Cheng , Tian Ping , Lin Guo-Qiang
Published: April 2022

The efficient preparation of the stilbenoid lusianthridin is described. This synthesis relies on a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution as key reactions to construct the 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene core. The synthesis is completed in seven steps with a 13.2% overall yield, and each step can be conducted on a >20 gram scale. The route has provided 20 grams of lusianthridin for further biological activity studies.
Mechanical Prosthetic Valve Thrombus in a Term Pregnant Woman Presenting as Acute Heart Failure: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gethu Kumari , Jha Nivetida , Rengaraj Sasirekha , Pampapati Veena , Munuswamy Hemachandren , Pillai Ajith Ananthakrishnan
Published: April 2022

Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy contributes to a significant proportion of death worldwide. Though pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction and aortic dissection are the common causes of adverse cardiac events in developed countries, rheumatic heart diseases continue to be the important reason for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The risk of adverse cardiac outcome is dependent on the type and severity of valvular abnormality, functional status, left ventricular function, and pulmonary arterial pressure. Managing a pregnant woman with a mechanical heart valve prosthesis is challenging because of the difficulty in achieving optimal anticoagulation in the presence of hypercoagulability. Mitral valve thrombus is a life-threatening event and women can present with acute heart failure or thromboembolic events. We report successful management of a 26-year-old primigravida with rheumatic heart disease diagnosed to have huge thrombus on mechanical prosthetic mitral valve presented with acute heart failure at 36 weeks. She received multidisciplinary care and underwent concurrent cesarean section followed by thrombectomy under cardiopulmonary bypass. She had a good recovery following surgery and the complexity surrounds the management merit the presentation with a review of management strategies for a women with mechanical prosthetic heart valve in pregnancy.
Hyper-Progressive Disease (HPD) during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Therapy
Authors: Jain Arpit , Koyyala Venkata Pradeep Babu , Narayan Satya , Soni Satyajeet , Redhu Pallavi , Jaju Akanksha
Published: April 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) restores an efficient antitumor T cell response against tumor cells fostering durable responses that can persist even after the treatment. However, these treatment effects can manifest as an unusual pattern of disease progression, pseudo-progression, or hyper-progression. Differentiating hyper progressive disease (HPD) from pseudo-progression has significant clinical implications and further decision-making for the patient on ICI. HPD is a dramatic acceleration of the rate of tumor progression with the advent of immunotherapeutic agents causing detrimental effects on the disease outcome.
Physiological Significance of Myocardial Bridging by Fractional Flow Reserve—An Observational Study
Authors: Panda Ashwin Kumar , Jain Kala Jeethender , M.S Harish Reddy
Published: April 2022

Background Myocardial bridge (MB) is a portion of an epicardial coronary artery that takes an intramuscular course. The systolic compression of MB often gets carried over to early and mid-diastole, compromising coronary blood flow. In clinical practice, we encounter patients with angina, non-invasive evidence of ischemia, and a MB as the only relevant finding on angiography. In view of studies in support of decreased coronary flow reserve in MB, we assessed the physiological significance of MB by fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Methods and Results We enrolled eight patients with chronic stable angina and positive noninvasive stress test, who had no significant CAD, and with evidence of MB in the left anterior descending artery. Mean age of population was 57.14 ± 6.25 years. Two (25%) were females and six (75%) were males. Four (50%) were smokers, five (62.5%) were diabetics, and two (25%) were hypertensives. Mean length of MB is 19.4 ± 5.04 mm. All underwent physiological assessment by FFR and the baseline, post nitroglycerin (NTG), and post adenosine readings were noted. Mean pre-NTG value, post-NTG, and post-adenosine were 0.974 ± 0.022, 0.96 ± 0.03, and 0.88 ± 0.042 (≤0.80 hemodynamically significant) respectively. Paired t-test showed significant reduction in FFR after NTG (p = 0.0452) and post-adenosine (p = 0.011) but all eight patients did not get significant FFR.

Conclusion MB was found to be physiologically insignificant in our group of patients. But a statistical significant reduction of FFR in MB, post NTG and post adenosine, does impress on the fact that, an extensive study over a longer period of course, could throw light on this unsettled area of physiological significance and optimal therapeutic approach.
Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure—An Observational Study
Authors: Jyotsna Maddury , Jakkula Srikiran , Srikanth N. , Kumar Achukatla
Published: April 2022

This study was done to evaluate the lung ultrasound findings such as Kerley A and Kerley B lines and the correlation between them with duration of hospital stay, where patients with Kerley A lines had longer duration of hospital stay even though it was statistically insignificant. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels were higher in female patients when compared with males in acute decompensated heart failure.
Manufacturing rare earth metal oxide nanoparticles with lasers
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: April 2022

Using laser energy, metal-organic frameworks can be converted into uniform metal oxide nanoparticles.
Effective field theory and classical equations of motion
Authors: Reall Harvey S. , Warnick Claude M.
Published: April 2022

Given a theory containing both heavy and light fields (the UV theory), a standard procedure is to integrate out the heavy field to obtain an effective field theory (EFT) for the light fields. Typically, the EFT equations of motion consist of an expansion involving higher and higher derivatives of the fields, whose truncation at any finite order may not be well-posed. In this paper, we address the question of how to make sense of the EFT equations of motion and whether they provide a good approximation to the classical UV theory. We propose an approach to solving EFTs, which leads to a well-posedness statement. For a particular choice of UV theory, we rigorously derive the corresponding EFT and show that a large class of classical solutions to the UV theory are well approximated by EFT solutions. We also consider solutions of the UV theory, which are not well approximated by EFT solutions, and demonstrate that these are close, in an averaged sense, to solutions of a modified EFT.