bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calidad de la vivienda informal: aportes desde la proyección social universitaria
Authors: Ramos Calonge Helmuth , Agudelo Rodríguez Carlos Fernando
Published: November 2016

The main purpose of this article is to reflect on the quality and habitable conditions of informal housing and to propose two ways of contributing to its improvement from university outreach. Two outreach exercises carried out by the School of Habitat Sciences from La Salle University are explained, together with two organizations dedicated to work for the improvement of the living conditions of the vulnerable population. One of them involves integral improvement actions in a neighborhood, which led to conducting remodeling and construction work accompanied by social workers and psychologists the other one was to design new training methodologies for foremen each case includes particular reflections and, in the end, general reflections and conclusions inherent to the quality and habitability of informal housing. It is concluded, in general terms, that the quality and habitability of affordable, informal housing is poor, and it is highlighted that the first step for improving it must be taken by the user or owner, based on their appropriation of habitat, either at the individual, family or community level in other words, better living conditions will only be achieved when the owner and the community decide so.
El gerente competitivo y su rol en las mipymes: una perspectiva desde el marketing
Authors: López Rodríguez Campo Elías
Published: November 2016

Este artículo de carácter reflexivo pretende relacionar cómo la evolución del marketing en las mipymes impacta directamente en el desarrollo de las competencias de los gerentes que gestionan organizaciones inmersas en un escenario global. La ciencia administrativa ha tenido notables cambios en sus enfoques, en especial los mercadológicos; sin embargo, la formación integral del gerente respecto a otras áreas funcionales, como la producción, las finanzas, el talento humano y los sistemas de información, complementa la fortaleza en la gestión del líder organizacional desde los lineamientos tácticos y, en especial, los estratégicos. Esta reflexión inicia con la relación de las mipymes con el emprendimiento y, así mismo, el relevante papel del marketing en todos sus niveles dentro de las empresas. Posteriormente, se analiza el protagonismo de los gerentes y el desarrollo de las competencias que deben poseer para la generación de ideas emprendedoras a través de la conformación de mipymes.
Nicolasa Gotay Norales (1973…) Una historia de revisibilización de la cultura garífuna
Authors: Lopez Perez Danilo , Flores Luin Walda Paola
Published: November 2016

Maestra afrodescendiente de la etnia Garífuna. Trabajó ad honorem en un barrio pobre en su ciudad natal, donde fundó la escuela de preprimaria. Alfabetizó soldados. Con su sueldo por alfabetizar, compraba útiles escolares para los niños. Enseña en la escuela, donde cursó la educación primaria y donde, de niña, le prohibieron hablar su idioma materno. Promueve educación acorde a la realidad idiomática y cultural de su Pueblo. Su aula es una muestra elementos culturales garífuna como la pesca, alimentación, valores y otros.  El trabajo surgió en el marco del proyecto de investigación titulado Maestras Africanas y Afrodescendientes en Colombia, Brasil, Guatemala, Venezuela, Guinea Ecuatorial, siglo XX a XXI, en una línea de investigación sobre Educadores Latinoamericanos. Método: Historia de vida, con enfoque cualitativo. Se hicieron visitas de campo. Se entrevistó a Nicolasa, personas que la conocen y a familiares. Esta investigación se realizó en el municipio de Puerto Barrios, cabecera del departamento de Izabal, Guatemala, bajo la coordinación técnica y financiamiento de la Escuela de Formación de Profesores de Enseñanza Media, de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Ha incidido en el desarrollo de su práctica educativa al evidenciar la resiliencia, el orgullo y persistencia de las mujeres garífunas, al iniciar una escuela de educación preprimaria, al recuperar y dar a conocer a estudiantes y comunidad, la cosmovisión y valores de la cultura garífuna; entre ellos, el idioma, danza y música. Altamente responsable, comprometida con su labor docente; impacta dentro de los procesos sociales, culturales y políticos, para el cambio de mentalidad de una sociedad que por muchos años ha estado dentro de un ambiente de discriminación y racismo, para proyectar una identidad cultural y desarrollo educativo para el propio beneficio y superación permanente del pueblo Garífuna.
Web-Based Education at Conventional Universities in China: A Case Study
Authors: Zhang Weiyuan , Jiang Guozhen , Niu Jian
Published: November 2016

With advances in information and communication technology (ICT), Web-based education has become an increasingly popular instructional mode all over the world. In recent years, the Chinese government has authorized a total of 45 universities to offer Web-based educational programs. One is China Central Radio and Television University, the Open University in China. The other 44 universities are all leading conventional universities. This case study is intended to provide a descriptive analysis of Web-based educational practices at the 44 leading conventional universities, by focusing on the current state of Web-based education in China and its discernible trends for the future. It is hoped this analysis of Web-based educational efforts in China will provide some insight for other countries.
Using Web-Based, Group Communication Systems to Support Case Study Learning at a Distance
Authors: Anderson Terry , Rourke Liam
Published: November 2016

This study explored the capacity of Web-based, group communication systems to support case-based teaching and learning. Eleven graduate students studying at a distance were divided into three groups to collaborate on a case study using either a synchronous voice, an asynchronous voice, or a synchronous text communication system. Participants kept a detailed log of the time they spent on various activities, wrote a 1,500-word reflection on their experience, and participated in a group interview. Analysis of these data reveals that each group supplemented the system that had been assigned to them with additional communication systems in order to complete the project. Each of these systems were used strategically: email was used to share files and arrange meetings, and synchronous voice systems were used to brainstorm and make decisions. Learning achievement was high across groups and students enjoyed collaborating with others on a concrete task. Keywords: Distance Education, Case-based Learning, Collaboration Software, Online Learning.

The evidence in favour of case-based teaching and learning continues to mount (cf. Lundeberg, Levin, and Harrington, 1999). One interesting facet of this research suggests that group discussions are the active ingredient of case study learning. For on-campus students this is simple to arrange, but where does it leave students who are studying at a distance? Case studies are often used in distance education, but traditionally they have been implemented in an independent mode, with students reading a problem-centred or exemplary narrative in order to contemplate its central issues. This type of case-based teaching omits what may be the most important part of case-based pedagogy.

Fortunately, a wide array of Web-based communication software exists that supports various types of communication at a distance, including text or voice, person-to-person or multi-person, and synchronous or asynchronous interaction. The relative effectiveness of these systems to support collaboration among students is an important issue to distance educators.
Indicators of Support in Online Interaction
Authors: Fahy Patrick J.
Published: November 2016

Peer-to-peer interaction using computer-mediated communication (CMC) would appear to be a promising source of timely and cost-effective student support, but little empirical evidence regarding actual participant support behaviour has been presented (Lee, 2000). This paper reports a study of the occurrence of 13 online strategies defined as “supportive,” according to the categorizations found in an instrument called the Transcript Analysis Tool (TAT). The corpus used in the study consisted of three transcripts produced by students (graduate degree and professional development diploma candidates) engaged in course-related CMC conferencing. Analysis of the transcripts generated by the three groups showed the following:

The support strategies most frequently used by the three groups were referential statements (statements which made reference to others’ previous comments; TAT type 2B), signatures, greetings, and horizontal questions (open-ended questions which invited negotiation of a plausible answer; TAT type 1B).

There was some variability among the groups in the frequency of use of referential statements, horizontal questions, emoticons, and invitations to others.

High- and low-support groups differed from each other in their use of referential statements, signatures, greetings, horizontal questions, rhetorical questions, and humour.

As an examination of the social element of three communities of inquiry, the study described how members of these groups attempted to connect with one another interpersonally, using asynchronous conferencing, on topics related to the conceptual content of the courses. The paper concludes that while in this case the above behaviours were the means most often used to support and encourage interaction, further examination of online support behaviours and strategies is needed, especially in relation to valued outcomes such as persistence, greater motivation, less stress, and, ultimately, enhanced learning. 
From Cognitive Landscapes to Digital Hyperscapes
Authors: Bidarra Jose , Dias Ana
Published: November 2016

The widespread diffusion of e-Learning in organizations has encouraged the discovery of more effective ways for conveying digital information to learners, for instance, via the commonly called Learning Management Systems (LMS). A problem that we have identified is that cognitive variables and pedagogical processes are rarely taken into consideration and sometimes are confused with the mere use by learners of “diversified” hypermedia resources. Within the context of widespread dissemination of multimedia content that has followed the emergence of massive information resources, we discuss the need for more powerful and effective learner-centered tools capable of handling all kinds of design configurations and learning objects.

Key Terms: cognitive profiles, learning styles, mind mapping, multimedia and hypermedia content, hyperscapes, e-Learning, learning objects, Learning Management Systems (LMS).
Miselni modeli cepljenja, zaupanje v zdravstvo in odnos staršev do cepljenja otrok
Authors: Gjorgjievski Bojan
Published: November 2016

Na področju zdravstva se v zadnjih letih pojavljajo mnoga protislovna pojmovanja, tudi tista, povezana z odnosom do cepljenja. Del staršev na osnovi svojega razumevanja pojava cepljenju nasprotuje. Namen raziskave je bil primerjati miselne modele laikov s strokovnimi modeli in preučiti povezanost miselnih modelov cepljenja ter zaupanja v zdravnike in sistem zdravstva s stališči staršev do cepljenja otrok. Pri tem smo upoštevali demografske značilnosti staršev in medkulturne razlike med starši iz Slovenije in Makedonije. Zanimala nas je tudi vloga obveznega in neobveznega cepljenja, saj se vedenjska namera pri neobveznem cepljenju pokaže mnogo jasneje. Metodološko je raziskava miselnih modelov temeljila na pristopu Morgana, Fischhoffa, Bostroma in Atmana (2002), ki ima tri faze: (1) pridobivanje strokovnih miselnih modelov, (2) pridobivanje miselnih modelov laikov (tj. staršev) in (3) primerjava obojnih miselnih modelov. Strokovni modeli cepljenja so bili pridobljeni pri petih zdravnikih iz Slovenije in petih zdravnikih iz Makedonije, laični pa v strukturiranih intervjujih s 33 starši iz Slovenije in 30 iz Makedonije. Na osnovi primerjav strokovnih in laičnih miselnih modelov lahko ugotovimo, da se miselni modeli cepljenja pri starših enoletnih otrok razlikujejo od strokovnih miselnih modelov. Večina intervjuvanih staršev, tako makedonskih kot slovenskih, je tudi odgovorila, da bolj zaupa zdravniku kot sistemu zdravstva, in sicer predvsem zaradi v glavnem dobrih izkušenj z izbranim pediatrom. Pri nekaterih slovenskih starših smo opazili težnjo po identifikaciji obveznega cepljenja s prisilo.
O Espetáculo do Trauma: Narrativas Testemunhais de Celebridades Sobre o Bullying Num Programa de TV
Authors: Sacramento Igor
Published: November 2016

Neste artigo, analiso depoimentos de celebridades sobre experiências de bullying exibidos pelo programa Encontro com Fátima Bernardes com o objetivo de demonstrar como essas expressões da memória individual se articulam ao discurso terapêutico e a formatos televisivos. O teor testemunhal dos relatos se caracteriza pela autoidentificação das celebridades como vítimas de preconceito que conquistaram a felicidade. Nesse sentido, a formatação das experiências pessoais em narrativas de superação no programa é bastante exemplar da exposição de sofrimentos íntimos na cultura da mídia recente. Observo que o trauma assumiu tal valor em nossa sociedade que reconfigura a memória e a narrativa sobre eventos atormentadores, submetendo-as ao ethos motivacional, que toma o sofrimento como meio de desenvolvimento pessoal.
Optimal Surface Amino-Functionalization Following Thermo-Alkaline Treatment of Nanostructured Silica Adsorbents for Enhanced and Selective CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Medina-Juárez Obdulia , García-Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Arellano-Sánchez Ulices , Kornhauser-Straus Isaac , Rojas-González Fernando
Published: November 2016

Special preparation of SBA-15 materials has been carried out for creating adsorbents exhibiting an enhanced and selective adsorption toward CO2. This creation starts from an adequate conditioning of the silica surface, via a thermo-alkaline treatment to increase the population of silanol species on it. CO2 adsorption is only reasonably achieved when the SiO2 surface becomes aminated after put in contact with a solution of an amino alkoxide compound in the right solvent. Unfunctionalized and amine-functionalized substrates were characterized through X-ray diffraction, N2 sorption, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, 29Si solid-state NMR, and NH3 thermal programmed desorption. These analyses proved that the thermo-alkaline procedure desilicates the substrate and eliminates the micropores (without affecting the SBA-15 capillaries), present in the original solid. NMR analysis confirms that the hydroxylated solid anchors more amino functionalizing molecules than the unhydroxylated material. The SBA-15 sample subjected to hydroxylation and amino- functionalization displays a high enthalpy of interaction, a reason why this solid is suitable for a strong deposition of CO2 but with the possibility of observing a low-pressure hysteresis phenomenon. Contrastingly, CH4 adsorption on amino-functionalized, hydroxylated SBA-15 substrates becomes almost 5 times lesser than the CO2 one, thus giving proof of their selectivity toward CO2.
The Impact of Pay-As-You-Throw Schemes in the Management of Municipal Solid Waste: The Case of the County of Aschaffenburg, Germany
Authors: Morlok Juergen , Schoenberger Harald , Styles David , Galvez-Martos Jose-Luis , Zeschmar-Lahl Barbara
Published: November 2016

The “Pay-as-you-throw” scheme, PAYT, is an economic instrument of waste management that implements the “polluter pays” principle by charging inhabitants of municipalities according to the amount of residual, organic and bulky waste they send for third-party waste management. When combined with well-developed infrastructure to collect the different waste fractions (residual waste, paper and cardboard, plastics, bio waste, green cuttings, many recyclables) as well as with a good level of citizen’s awareness, its performance has frequently been linked to high collection rates of recyclables. However, the establishment and operation of PAYT systems can require significant resource inputs from municipalities. In this paper, PAYT is analysed through a case study from the German County of Aschaffenburg, covering nearly 20 years of implementation across 173,000 inhabitants. Key performance indicators applied include temporal trends in the county’s recyclables collection rate, waste treatment fees for residents and municipal waste management costs, benchmarked against German municipalities not implementing PAYT.
From Systems to Organisations
Authors: Kritz Maurício
Published: November 2016

Warren Weaver, writing about the function that science should have in mankind’s developing future, ideas and ideals, proposed to classify scientific problems into ‘problems of simplicity’, ‘problems of disorganised complexity’, and ‘problems of organised complexity’ — the huge complementary class to which all biological, human, and social problems belong. Problems of simplicity have few components and variables and have been extensively addressed in the last 400 years. Problems of disorganised complexity have a huge number of individually erratic components and variables, but possess collective regularities that can be analysed by resourcing to stochastic methods. Yet, problems of organised complexity do not yield easily to classical or statistical treatment since interrelations among phenomenon elements change during its evolution alongside commonly used state variables, affecting behaviour and outcome. Moreover, organisation, the focal point in this complementary class, is still an elusive concept despite the gigantic efforts undertaken since a century ago to tame it. This paper addresses the description, representation and study of phenomena in the ‘problems of organised complexity’ class. Grounded on relational mathematical constructs, a theoretical framework providing operational definitions and schemes for formally modelling organisations and interaction of organisations is introduced. This framework extends the general systems’ concept and provides a novel perspective for addressing organised complexity phenomena as a collection of interacting organisations.
Vitamin C Supplementation and Hyperuricemia: Fact or Hoax?
Authors: Azzeh Firas S. , Al-Hebshi Abrar H. , Al-Essimii Haya D. , Alarjah Mohammed A.
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Hyperuricemia is commonly diagnosed in subjects with abnormal purine metabolism. Prolonged hyperuricemia often associated with gout, which is a vital risk factor for joint dysfunction. The current study was designed to determine the efficacy of vitamin C supplements for treatment of high serum uric acid (UA) among hyperuricemic and gouty patients, and finding-out the effect of supplementation on serum creatinine (Cr) level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This intervention study was started in April, 2013, till two months. A convenient sample of 30 adults aged between 24-75 years of both genders was assigned into two study groups: hyperuricemic (n=15) and gouty (n=15) groups. Each participant supplemented with 500 mg/day vitamin C chewable tablets for 2 months. Serum UA, Cr, and GFR were measured before and after treatment. At the end of this study, Cr and GFR enhanced insignificantly in both groups. UA increased insignificantly in gouty group after 2 months by about 0.31 mg/dl. On the other hand, hyperuricemic group showed significant (P ≤0.05) decrease in UA (-0.78 mg/dl) after 2 months duration. In conclusion, supplementation with 500 mg/day vitamin C for 2 months significantly attenuated serum UA for hyperuricemic patients and insignificantly affected serum UA in gouty patients. The uselessness of vitamin C supplements on gouty patients could be associated to a number of possible reasons.
Predictors of Survival in Children with Ependymoma from a Single Center: Using Random Survival Forests
Authors: Felix Francisco H. C. , Fontenele Juvenia B.
Published: November 2016

Ependymoma is responsible for 8–10% of all pediatric brain tumors and constitutes the third most common brain tumor in children. No robust molecular markers are yet in routine clinical use. Surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy cure approximately 40-70% of pediatric patients with ependymoma. In our centre, we have been using prophylactic valproic acid treatment for brain tumor patients. Initial observations indicated that valproate could have a beneficial effect in the survival of patients. Recent observations by other authors have shown that patients with glioblastoma benefited from the treatment with valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor. We have used random survival forest, a novel ensemble survival modelling method to study a single- center, small number cohort of pediatric patients with ependymoma. This analysis has confirmed surgery resection extent and treatment with radiotherapy as independent predictors of overall survival. Treatment with valproic acid was also a predictor of higher survival in this cohort. These results highlight the potential usefullness of the random survival forest model in gathering information from retrospective data. More data is needed about the possible influence of histone deacetylase inhibition by valproic acid in the survival of patients with ependymoma.
Categorical Forecast of Precipitation Anomaly Using the Standardized Precipitation Index SPI
Authors: Łabędzki Leszek
Published: November 2016

In the paper the verification of forecasts of precipitation conditions measured by the standardized precipitation index SPI is presented. For the verification of categorical forecasts a contingency table was used. Standard verification measures were used for the SPI value forecast. The 30 day SPI moved every 10 days by 10 days was calculated in 2013-2015 from April to September on the basis of precipitation data from 35 meteorological stations in Poland. Predictions of the 30 day SPI were created in which precipitation was forecasted in the next 10 days (the SPI 10-day forecast) and 20 days (the SPI 20-day forecast). Both for the 10 and 20 days, the forecasts were skewed towards drier categories at the expense of wet categories. There was a good agreement between observed and 10-day forecast categories of precipitation. Less agreement is obtained for 20-day forecasts – these forecasts evidently “over-dry” the assessment of precipitation anomalies. The 10-day SPI value forecast accuracy is acceptable, whereas for the 20-day forecast is unsatisfactory. Both for the SPI categorical and the SPI value forecast, the 10-day SPI forecast is reliable and the 20-day forecast should be accepted with reservation and used with caution.
HIDROLISA PATI DARI KULIT SINGKONG (VARIABEL RATIO BAHAN DAN KONSENTRASI ASAM)
Authors: Mastuti Endang
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Cassava peel is generally used as animal feed and sometimes just thrown away. To
increase the economic value of cassava peels used as alternative materials to manufacture
glucose by hydrolysis. This study aims to determine the effect of material and the concentration
ratio of acid to the peel of cassava starch hydrolysis of the resulting reduction of glucose and
starch hydrolysis reaction rate constants of the cassava peel with hydrochloric acid catalyst.
Variables remained in the study was 250 ml volume of cooking and temperature 95
C (boiling
temperature). Variable is the ratio of materials that were reviewed (30 gr, 40 gr, 50 gr and 60 gr)and acid concentration (0.05 N, 0.1 N; 0.15 N; and 0.2 N). Glucose samples were analyzed by
using the Lane-Eynon. Data analysis showed the material and the larger the ratio of acid
concentration, the glucose formed higher. So also with increasing reaction time, glucose is
formed also higher. Operating conditions which result in maximum glucose in the ratio 5:1
material and acid concentration 0.2 N. In this study the reaction of first order reaction rate
constants obtained in ratio of materials from 0.0116 to 0.0172/min and at variable acid
concentrations from 0.0157 to 0.0252/min.
Keywords: Cassava peel, hydrolysis, hydrochloric acid
o
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI KATALIS ASAM DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN PADA HIDROLISIS SELULOSA DARI AMPAS BATANG SORGUM MANIS
Authors: Kriswiyanti Enny
Published: November 2016

Abstract : Sweet sorghum stem residues contains high enough cellulose (36.92%)so it can be
hydrolyzed to glucose. In this research, hydrolysis of cellulose is carried out using hydrochloric
acid catalyst. This research aims to determine the effect of acid catalyst concentration and
agitation speed on the resulting reduction of glucose levels and determine the reaction rate
constant of hydrolysis of sweet sorghum stem residues. The observed variables were the
concentration of hydrochloric acid catalyst (0.5 N, 1 N, 1.5 N, 2 N) and the agitation speed (150
rpm, 200 rpm, 250 rpm, 300 rpm). Glucose samples were analyzed by using the Lane-Eynon
method. Data analysis showed the higher concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the
agitation speed, the levels of reduced glucose that is formed is also higher. In this study by
assuming a first order reaction, the reaction rate constants obtained at variable concentrations of
hydrochloric acid catalyst ranged from 0.0010 to 0.0033 / minute and at agitation speeds variable
ranged from 0.0023 to 0.0030 / minute.
Keywords : sweet sorghum stem residues, hydrochloric acid, hydrolysis, cellulose
PENGOLAHAN BIJI KARET SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN MINYAK PANGAN (EDIBLE OIL)
Authors: Setyawardani Dwi Ardiana
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Rubber (Hevea Brasiliensa)is one of Indonesia's largest plantation commodities is not
optimal utilization. Rubber seeds have a high vegetable oil content of 45.63%, so the potential to
be used as edible oil. However, toxic linamarin contained in the seeds of an obstacle in the
utilization of rubber, because if hydrolyzed to form hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which if consumed
in large amounts can cause dizziness and fainting. Cyanide is soluble and evaporates. This study
aims to provide early treatment for rubber seed, in order to reduce levels of toxic linamarin. This
research is still exploratory, as a preliminary study for rubber seed oil to prepare adequate food
consumption. Linamarin removal process is done by soaking and boiling with variable immersion
1-3 days old, and the old variable boiling 1-2 hours. Rubber seed which has undergone initial
treatment further analyzed by the method of Volhard Argentometri way to determine levels of
linamarin contained therein. Furthermore, the oil extraction process is carried out using the
solvent n-hexane followed by degumming process and analysis of petroleum oil based food
quality standards (SNI 01-3741-2002)with parameters and acid value metal content. From the
research that has been done, the result that the greatest decline linamarin levels achieved at 1
day of immersion time and 1.5 hours of boiling time, ie by 39%. The results of the metal analysis
showed that rubber seed oil rubber seed oil oils do not meet the quality standards of food because
it contains a metal content of 1.78 ppm Cu (oil food safe limit of 1 ppm)that required further
treatment to reduce levels of Cu, one how the adsorption process using a specific adsorber.
Keywords: Rubber, Linamarin, Edible Oil.
PENGARUH LAJU ALIR UDARA DAN TIPE ALIRAN UDARA TERHADAP KINERJA KOMPOR GASIFIKASI TONGKOL JAGUNG
Authors: Wibowo Wusana Agung
Published: November 2016

Abstract : Central Java (a province in Indonesia) produced about 2.2 million tons of corn kernel
in 2007. Cob corn had low efficiency if only burned away. We used gasification processes to
improve the efficiency. Gasification consists of four processes, i.e.: drying, pyrolysis, oxidation
and reduction. Gas wich produced from the gasification process, are CO, CO
2
.
Based on the direction of the flow of gas and the flow of solid, gasification machines can be
divided into two gasification (downdraft gasification) and gasification opposite flow (updraft
gasification). Gasification can be affected by several variables. This study used two variables:
the air flow rate (273 cm
3
/ s; 345 cm
3
/ s; 412 cm
3
/ s and 599 cm
/ s) and the type of air flow
(up draft and downdraft). The parameters in the gasification is combustible gas, SGR (Specific
Gasification Rate), FCR (Fuel Consumption Rate), AFR (Air Fuel Ratio) and Percentage of Char
(charcoal). Combustible gas composition (CO, H
2
, and CH
4
3
) as indicator of producer gas
composition. Combustible gas composition of the greatest value obtained on the type of flow up
to the draft air flow rate 345 cm
3
/ s which is 17.742% mol (SGR 75.0761 kg/m
.jam; FCR 1.1551
kg / hour; AFR 1.3448; percentage of char 2,5%).
Keywords: Corn cob,Gasification, Air flow, Air flow tipe
2
, H
2
, and CH
4
KARAKTERISTIK HILANG TEKAN ALIRAN UDARA MELALUI TUMPUKAN SERBUK GERGAJI DI FIXED BED REACTOR
Authors: Pranolo Sunu Herwi
Published: November 2016

Abstract : Solid Bed in fixed bed gasifier tends to cause the pressure drop that resulting energy
loss. Thus, the main cause needs analysis in order to obtain the operating conditions that
minimize energy loss. Pressure drop at the fixed bed gasifier is influenced by the particle
diameter, bed porosity and shape factor of the solid particle. This research purposed to analyze
influence of air flow rate and depth of sawdust bed in the fixed bed gasifier. The experiments
were performed by air flux from the blower. This research analyzed two conditions of the
gasifier, empty and filled with the bed of sawdust. Average diameter (D
p
) of 0,02 cm was
selected as constant variable and the independent variables were depth of bed (L) and air
superficial velocity (G). The experiments air superficial velocities were in the range of 1,3154 –
1,3891 g/cm
s and depth of bed at 15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm. Experimental results showed that the
trend of the pressure drop is proportional to the air flow rate and to the depth of sawdust bed.
2
Keywords: pressure drop, sawdust, gasification
PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DALAM EKSTRAK MINYAK BEKATUL PADI (RICE BRAN OIL)
Authors: Purwanto Agus
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Bran rice is a by-product of rice milling which only used as cattle feed. Utilization of
bran rice to take rice bran oil will increase its economic value. Rice bran oil contains natural
antioxidants -oryzanol and fatty acids. Antioxidants -oryzanol are more powerful than vitamin
E to avoid free radical damage. One way to recovery rice bran oil is extraction using volatile
solvents. The effects of solvent type to yield of rice bran oil and antioxidant activity of rice bran
oil need to be researched. This study started with the process of stabilization of bran to inhibit
lipase activity. Next process was extraction of bran oil using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and
ethanol as the solvent. The next step was evaluation the acid number and antioxidant activity of
obtained oil with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results showed that the
yields of oil were affected by solvent polarity compounds. Highest yield was obtained on
extraction using ethanol and the yield was 12.553%, 14.105% and 17.431%. Acid test showed
that extraction using ethyl acetate produced oil with smallest acid number (79.662 and 90.882)and test of antioxidant activity showed that extraction with ethanol was potential as antioxidants
which value of IC
50
were 46.79% and 47.29%.
Keywords: bran, extraction, solvent type, antioxidants, DPPH
Kultúra- és nyelvspecifikus diskurzusjelölők a romani nyelvben
Authors: Lakatos Péter
Published: November 2016

A tanulmány egy romani–magyar kétnyelvű közösség nyelvhasználatával foglalkozik, elsősorban a romani diskurzusjelölők funkcióit vizsgálja. Az elemzésekből kiderül, hogy a szoros értelemben vett kultúraspecifikus diskurzusjelölők (shun mo’shun shej, dikh mo’ dikh shej) olyan jelentéseket hordoznak, amelyek a beszélőközösség kultúrájának viselkedési normáit is szabályozzák a diskurzusban, de a nyelvhasználók ezeket a diskurzusjelölőket képesek rugalmasan a magyar nyelvbe is átemelni, megtartva jelentéstartalmuk nagy részét. Bizalmi viszonyt jelölnek mindkét nyelvben. A tanulmány arra is példát hoz, hogy az abisti, avo, amaj, noroko nyelvspecifikus diskurzusjelölők mindig valamilyen történésre vagy diskurzusbeli jelentéstartalomra utalva hangulatot jelölnek, és így vezetik be az adott mondanivalót. Ismerve jelentésüket, a hangsúly figyelmen kívül hagyásával is meghatározható, hogy éppen hitetlenkedést, meglepődést, félelmet vagy esetleg érdektelenséget fejeznek-e ki.
The bent of human resource theory on gender equality: examining work conditions for female leaders in U.S. collegiate athletic organizations
Authors: L. Huberty Lana , E. Moore Mark , Binegar Shelley , Marks Whitney
Published: November 2016

The low representation of female leaders is problematic in work organizations. In fact, women historically have had trouble entering the managerial hierarchy of a multitude of industries including the sport industry. Accordingly, the evolution of sport has proffered a diverse array of jobs with growth potential. Despite this, sport remains a male dominated sector where women’s perspectives on work issues have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study is to examine perceived organizational factors impacting the representation of female leaders in college athletics. To promptly investigate issues and concerns of working women in sport, the research focused on human resource management (HRM). This study utilized survey design, specifically snowball sampling, to generated 60 completed questionnaires from female administrators working in U.S. collegiate athletics. A Qualtrics online survey site was created to gather responses. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Demographics showed the level of work experience, position titles, and educational background varied across the sample. Results showed that structures were important factors in recruiting and advancing female leaders, while the ’ole’ boys’ networks and limited social capital negatively impacted leadership development. In conclusion, leadership opportunities for women in intercollegiate athletics were perceived to be shaped by organizational practices.
Keywords: female leaders, U.S. college athletics, social capital, organizational practices, HRM structures. JEL Classification: M14
Consumer attitudes towards sponsors of the South African national rugby team
Authors: Mpolokeng Sephapo Catherine , Erdis Cindy
Published: November 2016

The primary objective of the study is to explore the attitudes that consumers in Tshwane have towards the sponsors of the South African National Rugby team, commonly known as the Springboks as a result of the sponsorship partnership. Qualitative data collected by means of focus groups and naïve sketches were analyzed through content analysis. The study found that participants had a positive attitude towards the sponsors of the Springboks. This positive attitude was because participants felt that sponsors were endorsing good values that they perceived to be important, such as teamwork, healthy living and nation building.
Keywords: consumers, attitudes, sponsorship, rugby, Springboks. JEL Classification: M30
Reduction of Falls and Factors Affecting Falls a Year After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Elderly Patients with Severe Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tsonga T. , Michalopoulou M. , Kapetanakis S. , Giovannopoulou E. , Malliou P. , Godolias G. , Soucacos P.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)1is a common surgical treatment for severe knee Osteoarthritis (OA)2, which generally improves pain, physical function, quality of life and possibly fall risk. Fall risk increases for older adults with severe knee OA; however it has not been studied extensively whether this parameter is improved after TKA.

Objective:

To investigate: a) the history and frequency of falls, including mechanism or causes of falls, injuries sustained from falls reported, activity during falling and location of falls and, b) the factors affecting falls, a year after TKA in elderly patients with severe knee OA.

Patients and Method:

An observational prospective longitudinal study of 68 patients (11 males and 57 females) was conducted. The frequency of falls was recorded every month after knee replacement for a year period. A year after the TKA patients completed self-administered questionnaires (SF-36, Womac, FOF, ABC, PASE) and were assessed in physical performance tests (TUG and BBS).

Results:

There was significant improvement in falls frequency (p<0.001), differentiation of falling status to the benefit of non fallers (p<0.001) and risk of serious injuries (p<0.001). The factors that affected falling status was history of falls (p<0.0005), fear of falls (p<0.017) and advanced age, marginally (p<0.097).

Conclusion:

TKA generally improved a lot of aspects in patients’ life. One of these was the reduction of fall risk, which always co-exists in this population and can cause devastating problems threatening the benefits of the procedure.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KARTOGRAFI PADA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN GEOGRAFI FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL UNY
Authors: Sariyono Kimpul Endro , Mukminan Mukminan
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menghasilkan multimedia pembelajaran kartografi dan (2) mengetahui kelayakan multimedia pembelajaran dari aspek materi, aspek tampilan dan kelayakan untuk pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development). Produk awal divalidasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media kemudian diujicobakan. Subjek uji coba produk adalah mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Geografi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial UNY. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data dari ahli materi, data ahli media, dan tanggapan mahasiswa terhadap daya tarik media. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar evaluasi untuk ahli materi dan ahli media, serta lembar angket untuk uji coba kelompok kecil dan uji coba lapangan. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) hasil pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran  melalui tahap  persiapan, desain, produksi, uji coba, dan revisi; 2) kualitas media ditinjau dari aspek materi termasuk kategori sangat baik; (3) kualitas media ditinjau dari aspek tampilan termasuk kategori  baik; (4) tanggapan mahasiswa tentang daya tarik media termasuk kriteria sangat menarik; dan (5) evaluasi hasil belajar menunjukkan lebih dari 75% mahasiswa mampu menguasai kompetensi pembelajaran menggunakan multimedia yang dikembangkan.Kata kunci: kartografi, multimedia  DEVELOPING COMPUTER-BASED INSTRUCTION MULTIMEDIA FOR CARTOGRAPHY AT GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITYAbstractThis research aims: (1)to product multimedia for cartography; and (2)to reveal the quality of the developed instructional media viewed from the aspects of content, appearance, and attraction for instruction. This research is research and development. The initial product was validated by an expert in subject matter and an expert in media and then was trying out. The subject of product trials are students from the Department of Geography Education Faculty of Social Sciences Yogyakarta State University. The data were collected using an evaluation sheet for the subject matter expert, the media expert, and questionnaire sheet for the one-to-one try-out, the small group try-out, and the field try-out. The data were analyzed using the statistic descriptive technique. The research results show that: (1)the steps in developing  computer-based multi media was in some stages, namely, need analysis, design, production, try-out, and revision; (2) the quality of the developed instructional media viewed from the content aspects is very good; (3) the quality of the developed instructional media in terms of the appearance aspects is good; (4) the quality of the developed instructional media in regard to the attraction aspects is interesting; and 5) result of study explain more than 75% of students competen to received the targets of study with this multimedia.Keywords: cartography, multimedia
Gigi Tiruan Sebagian Kerangka Logam sebagai Penunjang Kesehatan Jaringan Periodontal
Authors: Lenggogeny Putri , Masulili Sri Lelyati C
Published: November 2016

Penggunaan gigi tiruan sebagian sangat penting dalam mempertahankan kesehatan jaringan periodontal dan menjaga stabilitas gigi yang tersisa. Pembuatan gigi tiruan yang tepat merupakan fase integral dari perawatan penyakit periodontal secara keseluruhan dalam mempertahankan kesehatan jaringan periodontal tersebut.Gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan harus didesain untuk dapat mengurangi penumpukan sisa makanan serta plak pada gigi dan tepi gingiva dari gigi penyangga. Pemilihan bahan logam sebagai gigi tiruan pada kasus periodontal kompromis dapat membantu dalam mencegah pergerakan gigi dan mempertahankan posisi gigi pasca perawatan periodontal karena sifat logam yang lebih kaku dibandingkan dengan bahan lainnya, sehingga keberhasilan perawatan dapat tercapai. Pembuatan gigi tiruan kerangka logam yang baik dan kerjasama yang baik antara semua anggota tim medis dalam menangani kasus akan menghasilkan keberhasilan perawatan yang dilakukan. Tujuan dari penulisan sari pustaka ini adalah menambah ilmu dan wawasan periodontis dan prostodontis dalam penggunaan gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan kerangka logam pasien periodontal kompromis. Pemberian informasi dan mendidik pasien dalam menjaga kebersihan gigi tiruan dan mulutnya juga merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan keberhasilan pembuatan gigi tiruan.Frame Partial Denture as a Supportive Therapy for Periodontal Health. Partial denture is very important in maintaining periodontal health and maintaining the stability of the remaining teeth. The fabrication of denture is an important phase in comprehensive periodontal health therapy, so as to maintain the periodontal health. Removable partial dentures should be designed to reduce the accumulation of food residue and plaque on the teeth and gingival edge of the abutment. The selection of metallic materials as denture in case of periodontal compromise can help in preventing tooth movement and maintain the position of the teeth after periodontal treatment because the nature of metal is more rigid when compared with other materials, so that the success of the treatment can be achieved. Making good metal framework denture and good cooperation between all members of the medical team in handling the case will result in a successful treatment. The aim of the study is to enrich the knowledge for periodontists and prosthodontists in using metal removable prothesis in compromised periodontal patients. Providing information and educating patients in maintaining the cleanliness of denture and mouth are also an important factor that determines the success of the manufacture of dentures.
Pengaruh Gigi Impaksi Molar Ketiga terhadap Ketebalan Angulus Mandibula Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin
Authors: Poernomo Hendri
Published: November 2016

Fraktur mandibula sering terjadi pada praktek kedokteran gigi. Fraktur biasanya terjadi di daerah angulus mandibula tepat di daerah yang terdapat gigi impaksi. Masalah yang ditimbulkan akibat fraktur mandibula, yaitu hilangnya keseimbangan, terputusnya komponen neurovascular dan cedera pada jaringan disekitar fraktur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan ketebalan tulang angulus mandibula antara kelompok yang memiliki gigi impaksi dengan kelompok yang tidak memiliki gigi impaksi serta jenis kelamin berdasarkan radiografis. Jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan 40 sampel foto rontgen panoramik. Hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan rata-rata antara pasien yang memiliki gigi impaksi dan tanpa gigi impaksi yaitu 1,44. Pada pasien impaksi gigi molar ketiga menurut jenis kelaminmenunjukkan perbedaan rerata ketebalan angulus mandibula sebesar 1,19 pada laki-laki dan 1,16 pada perempuan serta pasien tanpa impaksi menunjukkan nilai rerata ketebalan angulus mandibula sebesar 1,48 pada laki-laki dan 1,40 pada perempuan. Berdasarkan perhitungan T-test terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (ρ<0,05). Kesimpulan bahwa adanya perbedaan signifikan ketebalan angulus mandibula pada pasien dengan gigi impaksi molar ketiga rahang bawah dan kelompok pasien tanpa gigi impaksi molar ketiga rahang bawah, serta jenis kelamin. Effect of impacted teeth on thickness of the angle of mandible based on gender. Mandibular fractures often occur in dental practice. Fractures usually occur in the angle of the mandible within the area of the impacted tooth. Some problems that are caused by mandibular fractures area are, the loss of balance, the breaking of neurovascular components and injury to the tissue surrounding the fracture. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in bone thickness of the angle of the mandible between the groups that have an impacted tooth with the group that does not have an impacted tooth with different gender based on radiographic. This analytic descriptive study used 40 samples of panoramic radiographs. The study results show that the average difference between patients that have impacted tooth with patients that do not have is 1,44. Patients with impacted third molar based on gender show an average difference of the thickness of mandibular angle of 1,19 for men and 1,16 for women and patients with no impaction show an average thickness of the mandibular angle of 1,48 for men and 1,40 for women. Based on T-test calculation, there is a significant difference (ρ <0.05). The conclusion of study is that there is significant differences in the thickness of the angle of the mandible based on group of patients with impacted mandibular third molar, with the group of patients without impacted mandibular third molar.
Autotranplantasi Caninus Maxilla pada Soket Incisivus Lateral Maxilla menggunakan Anestesi Lokal
Authors: Putra Adi Subekti , Widyastuti Maria Gorreti , Rahajoe Poerwati Soetji
Published: November 2016

Autotranplantasi gigi sebagai pilihan utama mempunyai banyak keuntungan selama periode gigi bercampur karena berkontribusi untuk merangsang pertumbuhan tulang, hal ini pun tidak didapat pada implan gigi. Gigi donor terbaik untuk autotransplantasi adalah ketika perkembangan akar mencapai setengah atau sepertiga dari panjang total dengan apek terbuka lebar, dengan tingkat keberhasilan 94%, sedangkan dengan akar komplet tingkat keberhasilannya lebih rendah (84%) karena seringkali jaringan periodontal rusak saat pengambilan donor. Pada laporan kasus ini penulis melakukan autotransplantasi dengan menggunakan donor gigi yang mempunyai akar lengkap. Gigi embedded dimanfaatkan untuk menggantikan gigi caninus desidui yang mengalami rampan karies dengan autotransplantasi. Tujuan autotransplantasi pada kasus ini adalah menggantikan gigi caninus desidui yang rampan karies sehingga secara fungsi dan estetika menjadi lebih baik.Autotransplantation of Maxillary Canines in Lateral Incisor Socket Using Local Anesthetic. Autotransplantation as the primary option that has many benefits over a period of mixed dentition for contributing to stimulating bone growth; it is not obtained on dental implants. Autotransplantation donor tooth is best when root development reaches half or one-third of the total length with open apex, with a success rate of 94%. However in the complete root, the success rate is lower (84%) due to periodontal issues which are often damaged when making the donor. In this case report, the authors performed the autotransplantation using a whole root donor tooth. Embedded teeth were used to replace deciduous canine teeth with rampant caries. The aim of this case is to replace rampant caries teeth that are not anatomically perfect.