bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from raw meat and liver of cattle in the Wa Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Ekli R , Adzitey F , Huda N
Published: August 2019

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from meat (beef) and liver of cattle in the Wa, Municipality of Ghana. Isolation of Salmonella spp. was done according to the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method and the results interpreted using the CLSI guidelines. Antibiotic residues determination was carried out using Premi®Test Kit. Liver samples 32%(16/50) were more contaminated with Salmonella spp. as compared to beef samples 30% (15/50). The Salmonella spp. were highly resistant to teicoplanin (96.77%) but susceptible to chloramphenicol (100%), ciprofloxacin (100%), tetracycline (100%), suphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (100%), amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (93.55%), ceftriaxone (93.55%) and gentamicin (83.87%). The Salmonella spp. exhibited 5 antibiotic resistant patterns with the pattern (Tec) being the commonest. Multiple antibiotic index ranged from 0.11 to 0.33. A total of 35 samples (20 beef and 15 liver samples) were examined for antibiotic residues, and 7 (20%) were positive for antibiotic residues; 6 (17%) were found in the liver while 1 (3%) was in the beef. This study revealed that salmonellae are present in beef and liver samples examined and showed high resistance to teicoplanin. Some of the beef and kidney samples harbored antibiotic residues.
Polymorphism of prolactine genes and its association with body weight in Bayang ducks, local duck from West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Yurnalis  , Arnim  , Kamsa Zulkarnaini , Eka Putra Dino
Published: August 2019

This study aims to determine the polymorphism of Prolactin (PRL | XbaI and PRL | DraI) genes in Bayang ducks using the PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique and its association with weight of ducks aged 1-10 weeks. This study used 200 Bayang duck blood samples consisting of 102 male ducks (♂) and 98 female ducks (♀). DNA from blood samples was isolated using the Genomic DNA Purifification Kit (Promega) using protocol from the manucfacture. The DNA was then amplified using two primers with F: 5′-AAA TTC CCT CTC ACA GTT ACA-3′ and R: 5′-GAT GCA GAG ACA AGT TTC ACC-3′ and F: 5′-GAATAGAACACTTGACCCTG-3′ and R: 5′-TAGAGGAGGCAAGCATAG-3′ which produces fragments with a length of 416 bp and 566 bp. Restriction with XbaI enzymes that recognized the binding site (5-TT CTAGA-3′) resulted 3 genotypes: homozygote (+/+), heterozygote (+/−) and homozygote (−/−) with frequencies 0.455, 0.495 and 0.050 respectively and with frequency allel (+) 0.702 and frequency allel (−) 0.297. While the results of the restriction with enzyme DraI found three types of genotypes, namely (+/+), (+/−) and (−/−) with frequencies of 0.64, 0.35 and 0.01 respectively with frequency allel (+) 0.82 and allele frequencies (−) 0.18. From the results of the analysis, it was found that there was no relationship between these two diversity and weight ducks of duck.
The prevalence and risk factor of gastrointestinal nematode infestation in cattle based on the environmental conditions of the farming locations in Aceh Province
Authors: Zulfikar  , Umar S , Ferasyi T R , Tafsin M
Published: August 2019

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factor of gastrointestinal nematode infestation (GIN) in cattle based on environmental conditions, i.e., elevated altitude locations in Aceh Province. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the Districts of Gayo Lues and East Aceh, representing high altitude location (HAE) and low altitude location (LAE), respectively. A total of 64 samples (HAE) and 93 (LAE) samples were randomly collected from selected cattle. Fecal samples were examined with the centrifuge technique, and McMaster-counting chamber was used for egg count per gram feces (EPGF). Data obtained were analyzed for GIN infestation prevalence and risk factors based on the calculation of the Odds Ratio (OR). The results revealed that 14 HAE samples (21.9%, CI 13.5-33.43) and 35 LAE samples (37.6%: CI 28.46-47.79) were positive. Then, the number of EPGF in the GIN was significantly lower in the HAE (in average at 567 eggs/grams feces) compared to the LAE (an average at 669 eggs/grams feces) (P<0.005). The results of the OR calculation showed that the factor of raising cattle in LAE location significantly increased the risk of GIN infestation which was about 2.16 times higher than that of HAE location ((P<0.05). In conclusion, the LAE location for raising cattle is a risk factor for higher prevalence of GIN infestation in Aceh Province.
Macro minerals (Ca, P, Mg and K) concentration mixed of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) CV. Taiwan and Legume Indigofera zollingeriana
Authors: Evitayani  , Khalil  , Warly Lili , Kawamura Kensuke
Published: August 2019

This study aims to determine the content of macro minerals (Ca, P, Mg and K) of Elephant grass CV. Taiwan and Legumes of Indigofera zollingeriana are grown mixed with different doses of N fertilizer on land that was given Fungi Mycorrhizae of Arbuskula (FMA). This research was conducted by planting grass and Indigofera in the land by different N fertilizer: 0% N, 25% N, 50% N, 75% N. The measured parameters are macro mineral contents of Ca, P, Mg and K. Statistical Analysis calculated by the method of randomized block design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that the treatment effect is not significant (P> 0.05) on the content of macro minerals (Ca, P, Mg and K) of elephant grass CV. Taiwan and Legume Indigofera. The mineral content of elephant grass CV. Taiwan ranged from of Ca: 5.6 to 6.6, P: 3.2 to 3.6, Mg: 2.9 to 3.5, K: 5.0 to 5.8 g/Kg DM, respectively. While, macro minerals of legume Indigofera was ranged from of Ca: 4.1 to 4.9, P: 4.0 to 4.3, Mg: 2.8 to 3.0, K: 4.4 to 5.4 g/Kg DM, respectively. From the results of this study concluded that different doses of fertilizer N up to a dose of 75% gives the same result by giving N 0% to macro mineral (Ca, P, Mg and K) of elephant grass CV. Taiwan and Legume Indigofera.
The effect of urea supplementation and incubation time in fermentation process of bagasse by using Ganoderma lucidum on the growth of G. lucidum and the nutritive value of bagasse
Authors: Agustin Fauzia , Elihasridas  , Juliyarsi Indri
Published: August 2019

Fermentation of bagasse with fungiGanoderma lucidumwas designed to determine the effect of urea and optimum time to get the best growth ofG. lucidumand the nutritive value of bagasse and the optimum laccase activity ofG. lucidum. Treatments were combination of nitrogen dose (0% urea and 0.3% urea) and incubation time (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 days). The treatments were arranged in factorial 2x7 and allocated in completely randomized design with three replications. The result showed that there was no interaction of urea supplementation and incubation time (P>0.05) on laccase activity, but each factor was significant different. The laccase activity in bagasse which supplemented with 0.3% urea was higher than bagasse without supplemented. Dry matter content of the substrate decreased as much as 27.45% in urea treatment, was higher than non urea supplementation (15.45%). Organic matter content of fermented bagasse decreased as much as 31.64%, was higher than non urea supplementation (21.86%). It can be concluded that (1) urea can be used 0.3% as nitrogen source in fermentation process usingG. lucidum, (2) the highest VFA content of fermented bagasse was 98.25 mM in the length of fermentation up to 60 days with 0.3% urea with the NH3 value was 15.99 mg%, (3) The highest dry matter and organic digestibility occurs in bagasse which is fermented with the addition of usingGanoderma lucidumwhich is at 40 days fermentation time with dry matter digestibility value 43.39% and organic matter digestibility value 40.97%.
The utilization of different binders for pelleted native chicken ration based on coconut meat waste supplemented with mannanolytic thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase: a physical characteristic of pelleted native chicken ration
Authors: Harnentis  , Marlida Yetti , Amizar Robi
Published: August 2019

This research aim was to know the influence of addition of binders (bentonite, tapioca flour, gambier liquid waste, and onggok) on physical characteristics of pelleted native chicken ration based on coconut meat waste supplemented with mannanolytic thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase. A completely randomized design was applied in this experiment with five treatments and five replicates. Moisture content, angle of response, bulk and compacted bulk densities, specific gravity, compaction rate, and pellet durability were determined. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance according to completely randomized design and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Data indicated that moisture content, bulk density, compact bulk density and pellet durability affected significantly by binders, while angle of response, specific gravity and compaction rate had no affected by the presence of binders. Moisture content, bulk density, compacted bulk density, pellet durability of ration with binders were significantly different with ration without binder. Ration with gambier liquid waste binder had the highest value for bulk density and compacted bulk density, i.e. 1.36 g/cm3±0.011 and 1.46 g/cm3±001 respectively, while the value of pellet durability in ration with bentonite and tapioca flour binders were higher than others (98.63±0.11 and 98.49±0.05). It is concluded that the addition of binders in native chicken ration based on coconut meat waste supplemented with mannanolytic thermophilic bacteria and thermostable mannanase pelleted were able to improve the physical characteristic of native breed chicken ration.
The effects of leguminous supplementation on ammoniated rice straw based completed feed on nutrient digestibility on in vitro microbial protein synthesis
Authors: Zain Mardiati , Ningrat Rusmana W S , Erpomen  , Putri Ezi Masdia , Makmur Malik
Published: August 2019

Legume is the best source of protein to ruminant. Tannin content in legumes can provide protein by pass for ruminant. This study was conducted to determine the effect supplementation of legumes (Leucaena leucocephala) as substitute of concentrate on nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis of the completed feed based on ammoniated rice straw. The study was conducted in an in vitro used a randomized block design where there were 3 treatments dan 5 replications. The treatments were A. 40% ammoniated rice straw + 60% concentrate, B. 40% ammoniated rice straw + 50% concentrate + 10% Leucaena leucocephala, C. 40% ammoniated rice straw + 40% concentrate +10, + 20% Leucaena leucocephala. The results showed that the addition of of Leucaena leucocephala had increased the digestibility of DM, OM, CP and microbial protein synthesis (p< 0.05). Increased doses of Leucaena leucocephala until 20% decreased digestion of nutrition compared with dose 10% but was still higher than control. In conclusion, the supplementation of Leucaena leucocephala on completed feed based on ammoniated rice straw in vitro can increase nutrient degradability. Supplementation of 10% and 20% Leucaena leucochepala were suitable to be used for further studies, therefore in vivo experiment is required to study the effects on animal production.
The chemical characteristics of yoghurt (Lactobacillus fermentum MGA40-6 and Streptococcus thermophilus) with additional puree from Senduduk fruit (Melastoma malabathricum, L.)
Authors: Sandra Afriani , Fitri Kurnia Yulianti , Sukma Ade , Purwati Endang
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of adding the puree of senduduk fruit on the chemical characteristics of yoghurt. The experiment is conducted by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by adding different concentrations of senduduk fruit’s puree into yoghurt; A (0%), B (1.5%), C (3%), D (4.5%), dan E (6%). The results of this study with adding the puree of senduduk fruit into yoghurt can significantly increased the total titratable acidity, protein concentration and antioxidant activity. The experiments also show the decrease on the pH value, but showing not significant differences at the water content and ash concentration of the yoghurt. In conclusion, adding 4.5% (D) of senduduk fruit puree into yoghurt is the best to produce a consumtive yoghurt with (1.54%) total titratable acidity, (5.18%) protein concentration, (56.72%) antioxidant activity, (4.4) pH, (77.59 % ) water and (1.22%) ash.
The characteristics of organic fertilizer made of cow feces using the Indigenous Micro-Organisms (IMO) from raw manures
Authors: Novia D , Rakhmadi A , Purwati E , Juliyarsi I , Hairani R , Syalsafilah F
Published: August 2019

Raw manures are very potential if it can be processed into Indigenous Micro-Organisms (IMO) and organic fertilizers. It has sustainable availability in large number, yet if it is not processed into the useful matter, it causes water and air pollution. IMO is a kind of biological products which can be used as decomposers in the production of organic fertilizers, yet it is almost unknown to the public. The IMO of raw manures is cheaper, easier to produce and more economical than IMO of commercial products such as EM4 or others. The making of the IMO used the experimental method called Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in which 5 treatments were given by using raw manures from the different animal such as cow, goat, rabbit, quail, and chicken with 4 replications for each. The result IMO was further examined for the moisture content, pH value, total plate count, lactic acid bacteria count, fungal count, and N. Then the IMO was applied in the production of organic fertilizer from cow feces with 21 days fermentation time, then it is further examined for the value of moisture content, pH, N, P, K, and C/N ratio. If the results of variance analysis (ANOVA) showed a significant effect then it is proceeded by Duncan’s test. Based on the research results, it is obtained that IMO of quail feces produce organic fertilizer with the highest N, P, K content.
The characteristics of the pericarp of garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) extract as natural antioxidants in rendang
Authors: Melia S , Novia D , Juliyarsi I , Purwati E
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (commonly known as Mangosteen) extract as natural antioxidants in rendang. The materials used in this study were obtained from Mangosteen of Pariaman, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Xhantones were extracted from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana by using ethanol. The rendang were made with additional Mangosteen extract: 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%. The data obtained were processed statistically. If treatment showed significant results (P <0.05), it then further tested by using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with SPSS method. Results indicated that pericarp of Mangosteen produces the antioxidants. Xanthones content of Mangosteen extract was 37.5 mg/100ml. Another component were found: total phenolic content 90 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE/g dry weight) mg GAE/g, tannins 3.02% and anthocyanins 1.85%. The organoleptic test showed that addition of the extract in rendang was not significant (P>0.05) and addition of mangosteen extract could extend the storage life of rendang.
Effect of mega floral booster addition on carcass characteristics of quail meat
Authors: Sharif U H , Kamarudin A S , Huda N
Published: August 2019

This study evaluated the effect of Mega Floral Booster (MFB) as probiotic supplement on the carcass yield and physicochemical properties of quail meat. The treatment is divided to four treatments based on percentage of MFB include MFB-0.00 (control), MFB-0.05 (0.05% of MFB), MFB-0.20 (0.20% of MFB) and MFB-0.35 (0.35% of MFB). The 18 of quail species Cortunix japonica (Japanese quail) used as the main material in the studyfor each treatments. For the first until fourteen days, the quails are supplied with commercial feed only. After fifteen days, the quails begin provided with the MFB-0.00, MFB-0.05, MFB-0.20 and MFB-0.35 mixed with commercial feed. The quails for 42nd days slaughtered and deboned of breast and whole leg separated from the bone for analysis. Probiotic supplement (Mega Floral Booster) had no influence on body weight, and carcass characteristics (breast, whole leg muscle and carcass yield) (p>0.05). MFB-0.20 had influence on color parameter (L*, a* and b*), pH and WHC of quail meats compared to MFB-0.00 (p<0.05). MFB show cooking loss, juiciness and Warner-Bratzler shear force not affected by treatment. Thus, Mega Floral Booster is not affecting the quality of quail meats.
Analysis of prospects application of integrated farming system models for lowland rice with beef cattle to strengthen farmers’ economy in West Sumatera
Authors: Agustar Asdi , Juniarti  , Indrayani Ida
Published: August 2019

Crop-Livestock-System (CLS) is an agricultural system approach that can improve business efficiency, maintain land fertility and realize sustainable agriculture, especially on small-scale agriculture. This research was conducted in Gunung Talang Subdistrict, Solok Regency, West Sumatra, aimed to find out the habits of farmers and the potential to integrate and calculate farmers’ income if they only do one commodity farming, namely rice, or rice and cattle. Data collection was conducted from June to August 2018 using survey methods. Data collection was carried out through interviews with 30 lowland rice farmers as respondents, randomly selected. Data collected includes crop and livestock farming data such as: farmer characteristics, average rice field area, average productivity and production value, average number and value of inputs (seeds, inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers, and organic and inorganic pesticides, the average supply of laboratory in an integrated farming system between plants and cattle. The results showed that average rice yield was 5.74 tons/ha of dried ground rice. The use of inorganic fertilizer urea 100 kg/ha (N 71.43%), SP-36 50 kg/ha (50%), KCl 50 kg/ha (50%).The income of farmers with only rice IDR 11,816,807 for ones hectare land. Total income from paddy (1 ha) and livestock (2 heads) integrated farming system about IDR 17, 612,405/season and provide R/C value about 1.44, meanwhile R/C value of non integrated farming system about 1.33. It means, paddy and livestock integrated farming system could increase farmer’s income about 49,45% per season compared to non integrated farming.
Basic mapping data of Jambi Province potency for a continuous livestock development strategy
Authors: Nora D
Published: August 2019

Local commodity in Jambi Province consists of 20 kinds of product for plantation area, which in its entirety have the power of the biggest labour variation amount that is in plantation area (85%) followed by farm area (66,67%) and animal husbandry area (63,64%). Technique to identify regional input contribution. As for the quantity of input resources variation becomes the measurement of : (1) the unit size of commodity area, (2) effort variation and effort specification, (3) quantity of effort contribution, (4) alternative potency and prior potency of area effort that becomes a measurement. The result above can be used as precisely basic identification program in specifying program policy that is integrated to strengthen the commodity power. Jambi Province has the ability to apply integration program between farming-plantation, animal husbandry (P3) to support reinforcement of self sufficiency in food and effort. The action of maintaining this final potency of commodity can be taken as a recommendation to keep the stability of raw and final material availability as commodity of area requirement accomplished also can be developed continuously in Jambi Province To answer the second problem in this research, it is stated that the lowest standard pattern that can be done in developing local resources program to maintain food is by P3 pattern (Plantation, Animal Husbandry and Agriculture). Basic mapping data horizontally, the plantation mapping possesses 3 area categories of commodity : green zone A, orange zone B and C yellow zone. Sub-provinces with green zone commodity area 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Zone B in sub-province (none), 5,6,7,8,9,11 and C Yellow zone sub-province is 10. Horizontally farming mapping owns 3 (three) area categories of commodity A green zone, B orange zone (none) and C yellow zone. Sub-province with green zone commodity are 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, zone B in sub-province in none and C yellow zone in sub province are 10,11. While horizontally animal husbandry mapping owns 4 area categories commodity. For Non Poultry livestock, B (non poultry livestock). Sub province non poultry livestock 1,2,3,4,5,6, Zone B (7,8,9,10,11), zone poultry livestock (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8), B (9,10,11). while Vertically animal husbandry mapping owns 4 zone, they are active/high potency (A1,A2) non poultry livestock and poultry livestock conservation zone B and C. According to Nora (2016) identification of rescue conservation measures for livestock stock can be seen from: 1) whether or not there is integration of potential natural resources and animal husbandry activities (in terms of waste utilization), 2) an increase in deductions which causes changes in population to exceed the existing population, 3) absence of linearity between stock and cutting numbers, 4) mapping of conservation positions starting from level 2, 3, and 4.
Extension methods in adopting reproductive biotechnology innovation for cattle breeding in Dharmasraya District, West Sumatera
Authors: Ediset  , Madarisa Fuad
Published: August 2019

A study had been carried out from May to July 2016 to evaluate the extension methods utilized in adopting process of reproductive biotechnology innovation for beef cattle breeding in Dharmasraya district, West Sumatra. Following a survey method, 40 farmers of using Artificial Insemination (AI) and 14 farmers of using Embryo Transfer (ET) were interviewed. Those farmers were chosen by quota sampling method and saturated sampling method respectively. Both primary and secondary data were analyzed by descriptive and quantitative approach using Likert scale. The results showed that extension methods operated by extension workers consisted of three types; home and farm visit; demonstration and campaign.
Study of the application of technical aspects of Pesisir cattle in several regions of West Sumatera to maintain the existence of native Indonesian beef cattle
Authors: Iskandar I , Sartika W
Published: August 2019

Pesisir cattle are native Indonesian germplasm living in the coastal areas of West Sumatera. Pesisir cattle population was to decline from year to year. This research aims to examine the technical aspects of the maintenance of pesisir cattle in several regions in West Sumatera to maintain the existence of this native Indonesian beef cattle. The research method used is a survey. The research location was determined based on the distribution of Pesisir cattle in several regions in West Sumatera, namely Pesisir Selatan Regency, Pasaman Barat Regency, Padang Pariaman Regency, Agam Regency and Padang City. Data analysis was done by tabulation and scoring in accordance with the Guidelines for Animal Husbandry Technical Aspects of the Directorate General of Animal Husbandry in 1992. The results showed that the technical maintenance of Pesisir cattle in Pesisir Selatan District, Pasaman Barat Regency, Padang Pariaman Regency, Agam Regency and Padang City were in the less category with scoring scores averaged 43,34%. This shows that Pesisir cattle breeding techniques in West Sumatera still need to be considered so that the native Indonesian cattle population can continue to grow.
Social and economic analysis of food crops and beef cattle sub systems in the dry land area of Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Kapa Maximilian M J
Published: August 2019

This study aims to analyze the system properties of food crop and beef cattle sub-systems in dry land area. The properties analyses are divided into two factors, namely the social and economic factors of both sub-systems. The study was conducted in Pakubaun Village in East Amarasi Sub District and Pukdale Village in East Kupang Sub District, Kupang Regency. The method applied was a survey method and the data was analyzed by using 5 (five) agro-ecosystem properties. Results of the research were the economic properties namely productivity of both subsystems were low to moderate, while, the stability of rice farming was low and the stability of the beef cattle enterprise was high. The sustainability of the two subsystems was high. Based on the social properties analysis, it was found that the equitability of food crops sub-system was low; on the contrary, the equitability of the beef cattle sub-system was high. From autonomy point of view, the results of this study indicated that the autonomy in both sub-systems was high. Based on agro-ecosystems properties, in general, the performance of both sub-systems was low, out of five properties only two properties described the high conditions.
Cost of goods sold analysis of banana blossom chicken nuggets in the women farmers group “KWT Kebersamaan” in Padang Pariaman Regency
Authors: Sartika W , Rahmi E
Published: August 2019

Chicken nuggets are one of the products of meat processing technology that has good nutritional value and affordable prices compared to processed beef products. Despite having a fairly complete and good nutritional content, chicken nuggets contain high fat and low fiber. To increase the nutritional value of chicken nuggets, the Women Farmers Group “KWT KEBERSAMAAN” tried to make processed nugget with the ingredients of banana blossom and chicken meat. This study aims to analyze the cost of production and the cost of goods sold in banana blossom chicken nugget. Data used in this study were primary data from the company and secondary data obtained throught literature in line the tittle of the study. Method of calculating the cost of production and the cost of goods sold in this study is to use the full costing method and variable costing method. Results of this study showed that The cost of production obtained from the variable costing method is IDR 8,519/pack, while the full costing method costs IDR 10,719/pack. 200 gram of banana blossom-chicken nuggets per pack is sold at a price of IDR 10000, while the result of the research shows that the cost of goods sold is higher than the selling price set by the KWT Kebersamaan. The cost of goods sold using the variable costing method is IDR 13,074/pack and the full costing method obtains IDR 15,923/pack.
Early Faults and Characteristics of Large Capacity Non-salient Pole Synchronous Electric Machines
Authors: Wang Andong , Wang Jihao , Li Junqing , Ma Yangshuo , Sun Fuchun
Published: August 2019

Large-capacity synchronous machines are prone to failure due to their complicated structure. The timely detection and processing in the early stage of the failure can avoid further expansion of the fault and avoid huge economic losses. By studying the structure of water-hydrogen-hydrogen turbine generators, this paper analyzes the types and characteristics of early faults of every component, and provides reference for the operation and state maintenance of synchronous machines.
Improvements in miniaturized Hall Thrusters by use of high-temperature SmCo magnets and additive manufacturing techniques
Authors: Olano A , Ren J , Zhang G , Tang H , Zhang T , Li J
Published: August 2019

This work presents the difficulties associated with the miniaturization of Hall Thruster engines and how state of the art materials and new manufacture techniques can potentially solve these problems. Hall Thrusters are electric propulsion systems that require specific magnetic field topography and uniform propellant distribution for optimal operation which is difficult to achieve with typical materials and by conventional manufacturing methods in miniaturized engines. To keep the optimal magnetic field distribution at small thruster sizes, it is shown that new alloys of SmCo permanent magnets can generate the desired magnetic field distribution and that their high-temperature resistance properties assure its operation temperature will be under the maximum operational temperature. In addition, whereas for the small dimensions required for the anode traditional manufacture methods only allow for simple designs, it is explained how the implementation of 3D-printing techniques can improve the uniformity in the azimuthal distribution of the propellant by allowing complex geometries in the design of the anode that are unattainable with traditional manufacturing.
Bolt layout optimization design based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Shen B , Pan Z W , Lin H , Li W Z
Published: August 2019

When working, electronic equipment is often subjected to mechanical environments such as vibration and shock. The reliability problem of components after experiencing vibration environment is one of the key research contents in the development of electronic equipment. The printed circuit board on which the component is mounted is deformed during vibration, and the vibration is transmitted to the component, so that the component corner has a large acceleration, which is one of the important reasons for the failure of the electronic device. Based on the finite element simulation of the circuit board, the application of genetic algorithm in bolt layout optimization is realized by MATLAB programming. By optimizing the bolt layout, the acceleration value at the component corners is greatly reduced, and the reliability of the electronic equipment is improved.
Thermal-mechanical coupling analysis of functionally graded cylindrical shells
Authors: Feng Xiayao , Liu Wenguang , Liu Chao
Published: August 2019

Functionally graded materials is a new material for thermal protection in the aerospace field. It is extremely important to study the temperature and stress changes in the thermal environment to ensure the normal operation of the spacecraft and the safety of crews. In this paper, ABAQUS is used to perform sequential thermal coupling and full thermal coupling analysis. The temperature variation and mechanical properties of functionally graded cylindrical shells in thermal environment under temperature and force field and temperature field interacts with force field are studied. Based on the first law of thermoelasticity and thermodynamics, the three-dimensional stress and energy equations of functionally graded cylindrical shells in thermal environment are derived. The example shows that the temperature variation law and mechanical characteristics of the two types of thermo-mechanical coupling analysis are almost the same. The temperature value results of the sequential thermal-mechanical coupling analysis are the same as the results of the full thermal coupling, but the stress value results are lower than the results of the full thermal coupling.
Steady-state temperature field of stator bar of double water internal cooling synchronous condenser
Authors: Sun Fuchun , Wang Andong , Ji Gang , Li Junqing , Yong Jun , Wang Jihao
Published: August 2019

Synchronous condenser is a key part of ensuring stable operation of the extra-high voltage AC and DC transmission grid. In order to optimize and ensure the reliable operation of the synchronous condenser cooling system, it is necessary to master the temperature distribution in the synchronous condenser. In the double water internal cooling synchronous condenser, the fluid flow and heat transfer are quite complicated in the water-cooling system of the stator and the rotor. In this paper, the steady-state temperature field of stator coil of TTS-300-2 300MVar double water internal cooling synchronous condenser is calculated by using the finite volume method. The influence of empirical parameters on the calculation results is reduced. The calculation results show that the water temperature and copper temperature increase linearly along the direction of water flow.
Effect of roundness and coaxiality error on the lubrication performance of ICE main bearings
Authors: Ren Peirong , Zuo Zhengxing , Cheng Ying , Jing Guoxi
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, with higher power density trend and lightweight design requirements in internal combustion engine, more factors are considered in bearing lubrication analysis to improve the lubrication performance and to decrease the risk of failure. The effect of roundness and coaxiality on the lubrication performance of a V-type diesel engine main bearings were investigated systematically and comprehensively using numerical simulation method based on elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication theory. The average flow model, the asperity contact theory and the multi-body dynamics based on component mode synthesis were used to improve simulation accuracy and efficiency. The results showed that out-of-roundness has an apparent negative effect on the lubrication performance of main bearings and the out-of-roundness wave height and the wave number should not exceed 2μm and 10 respectively. In addition, the lubrication performance increased slightly when the bearing house coaxiality tilt angle is the same as the journal load bending direction. The study has some guiding significance for improving the lubrication performance and tolerance requirements design of main bearings.
Research on Tool Wear Monitoring and Turning Simulation
Authors: Wei Liao
Published: August 2019

The condition of cutting tool has a direct effect on processing quality, productivity and produce cost. So, it is very important to monitor tool condition in cutting process. The on line monitoring of tool wear is an important topic in the research of flexible manufacturing system. Cutting force is one of the important physical parameters in cutting process, which affects tool wear and machined surface quality. The correlation between cutting force and tool wear is experimentally analyzed. It is proposed that the change of tool cutting force is consistent with the change of wear. The simulation study of turning processing based on finite element analysis software Deform 3D. The size distribution of cutting force was simulated, the simulation results and the test results were compared and analyzed, which provided guiding significance for the determination of process parameters.
Research on consistency check of natural storage and enhancement test for missile servo system
Authors: Wang Xu , Sun Quan
Published: August 2019

In order to check the consistency of two mechanisms for a missile servo system, we conduct two enhancement tests and utilize two sets of test data to establish the accelerated degradation models of the servo system. Based on the above accelerated degradation models and natural storage profile of the servo system, we present and demonstrate a procedure to check the consistency of two mechanisms by checking the correlation of two sets of degradation data. The results indicate that two degradation mechanisms are significantly consistent with each other.
Effects of the off-axis layer on the tensile failure of carbon fiber reinforced polymer [0/θ]ns laminates
Authors: Deng Xi , Wang Wen-Xue , Matsubara Terutake
Published: August 2019

Off-axis plies have a great influence on the tensile failure stress of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) multidirectional laminate. Matrix cracks in the off-axis plies will cause negative effect on the layers, leading to fatal failure of the laminate. A microscale cohesive zone model is proposed to explore the influence of matrix cracks in the off-axis plies on the tensile failure of [0/θ]ns laminates. Simulations of tensile failure of [0/θ]s laminate were performed by varying the off-axis ply angle θ ranging from 15° to 90° and the cohesive properties to investigate the effects of off-axis plies to the failure of the laminates. Tensile tests of [0/θ]2s laminates with various off-axis ply angles were conducted to validate the simulations of microscale model. The simulation results with matrix cracking are in high agreement with the experimental results, illustrating the influence of off-axis plies on the tensile failure of [0/θ]ns laminates.
Effect of Nanometer Antimony Trioxide on Properties of Flame Retardant Polypropylene Matrix Composites
Authors: Xu J L , Lin Y G , Yang W L , Niu L , Kang C H
Published: August 2019

Using antimony trioxide nanoparticles (nano-Sb2O3), montmorillonite (MMT) and brominated polystyrene (BPS) as additive and using polypropylene (PP) as matrix material, a novel nano-Sb2O3/MMT/BPS-PP flame retardant composite was synthesized via mechanical ball milling dispersion and melt blending method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter and tensile properties testing. The flame retardant performance of the composite was investigated by limiting oxygen index and vertical burning test (UL-94). The results show that the mechanical properties and flame retardant properties of the composites are improved compared to that of pure PP when PP matrix retardant composites are added with different mass fraction of nano-Sb2O3. When the mass fraction of nano-Sb2O3 is 3wt%, the PP matrix composite exhibits excellent tensile strength and crystallization properties. When the mass fraction of nano-Sb2O3 is more than 3wt%, the PP matrix composite exhibits excellent flame retardancy.
Synthesis of oxygen-deficient and monodispersed Pr doped CeO2 nanocubes with enhanced resistive switching properties
Authors: Chen Nan , Li Sean
Published: August 2019

Monodispersed praseodymium (Pr) doped cerium oxide (CeO2) nanocubes (∼ 10 nm) were successfully synthesized via a facile two-phase solvothermal method and further assembled into a dense film through a drop-coating procedure for resistive switching applications. The XRD and Raman results showed that Pr element was successfully doped into the CeO2 lattice structure while maintaining the highly uniform nano-cubic structure. In addition, the concentration of oxygen vacancy in CeO2 nanocubes could be effectively modulated by varying dopant concentration evidenced by XPS and Raman analysis. The two-terminal structured device of Au/Pr doped CeO2/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) exhibits stable resistive switching behaviour and ON/OFF endurance for more than 1000 cycles at a small operational voltage ranging from -0.6 to 1V. The present study may extend the potential of using praseodymium (Pr) doped cerium oxide nanocube in nanoscale building block for novelty 3D architectural memory and logic design in data-dependent applications such as artificial intelligence (AI) system and machine learning.
Red Shift in Optical Properties of Type-I Al0.45Ga0.55As/GaAs0.84P0.16/Al0.45Ga0.55As Nano-heterostructure under External Strain
Authors: Rathi Amit , Singh Amit Kumar , Riyaj Md. , Dalela S. , Alvi P. A.
Published: August 2019

The application of external pressure on a heterostructure produces changes in the lattice parameter and symmetry of the material. These in turn produce significant changes in the electronic bandstructure. Due to the application of external pressure energy gaps are altered. This paper reports the energy bandstructure, wavefunctions and optical gain in type-In-Al0.45 Ga0.55 As/GaAs0.84P0.16 / p-Al0.45 Ga0.55 As nano-heterostructures under uniaxial strain (-1 to +1 GPa) along [110] directions in the red visible region. Numerical calculations of the photonic energy and optical gain of TE and TM modes in GaAsP/AlGaAs laser diode structure have been carried out for various uniaxial strain at temperature 300 K. The band structure was calculated using 6×6 Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian to determine sub-band dispersion and corresponding wavefunctions. The Heterostructure is observed to operate in the energy range 1.62 to 1.78 eV (696 to 765 nm).
Research on Key Patent Licensing Strategy of 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Wang Qiang , Liu Haiying , Wu Ping , Cao Yu , Xu Bo
Published: August 2019

Patent licensing is one of the most important means to gain profits from the commercial application of patents. Based on the analysis of the market sales price, volume and profit of key patented 3D printing technology products, the profit of patentee under the mode of exclusive licensing, sole licensing and general licensing is studied in order to provide reference for formulating the best licensing strategy for key patents of 3D printing technology and speed up the application of patents.
Prediction of critical heat flux on surface under boiling in case of IVR-ERVC by using CFD simulation
Authors: Urfa Rasool , Lu Daogang , Asran Noor Farooq , Munib Ansari , Aazim Rasool
Published: August 2019

The efficacy of in-vessel through external reactor vessel cooling (IVR-ERVC) is strongly correlated with the critical heat flux (CHF) on the lower head of reactor pressure vessel (RPV). The high limit of CHF prevents the RPV from failure by extracting much heat out of the vessel through the circulation of working fluid in external flow channel. In present study, the deionized water is allowed to flow through curved flow channel having radius of curvature of 368mm and hydraulic diameter of 40mm with square cross-section. The heat flux of 1500kWm−2 is applied perpendicular to the convex wall of the channel. The CHF on the wall of flow channel has been predicted by incorporating CFD based two-phase (liquid-vapor) boiling model. The investigations on spatial variation of pressure, temperature, and velocity and heat flux acquired as a result of numerical simulations have been discussed in detail. The CHF and average HTC is predicted as 1.798e+04kWm−2 and 38.981kWm−2K−1 respectively.
Numerical study of natural convection in a rectangular cavity with variation of cavity aspect ratios and cavity inclination angles
Authors: Prasopchingchana U
Published: August 2019

Effects of cavity aspect ratios and cavity inclination angles to natural convection in a rectangular cavity are numerically investigated. Investigation is performed at the Rayleigh number (Ra) equal to 104, the cavity aspect ratios from 1 to 50 and the cavity inclination angles from 0 to 180°. Consequently, Heat transfer enhancement or decreasing due to the effects is exposed. In addition, streamline contours in the rectangular cavity are illustrated. Multi-cellular flow figuring on the appropriate conditions is exhibited. A new correlation of the average Nusselt number, the cavity aspect ratio and the cavity inclination angle is formulated at Ra equal to 104.
Heun algebras of Lie type
Authors: Crampé Nicolas , Vinet Luc , Zhedanov Alexei
Published: August 2019

We introduce Heun algebras of Lie type. They are obtained from bispectral pairs associated to simple or solvable Lie algebras of dimension three or four. Forsu(2)\mathfrak {su}(2), this leads to the Heun–Krawtchouk algebra. The corresponding Heun–Krawtchouk operator is identified as the Hamiltonian of the quantum analogue of the Zhukovsky–Voltera gyrostat. Forsu(1,1)\mathfrak {su}(1,1), one obtains the Heun algebras attached to the Meixner, Meixner–Pollaczek, and Laguerre polynomials. These Heun algebras are shown to be isomorphic to the the Hahn algebra. Focusing on the harmonic oscillator algebraho\mathfrak {ho}leads to the Heun–Charlier algebra. The connections to orthogonal polynomials are achieved through realizations of the underlying Lie algebras in terms of difference and differential operators. In thesu(1,1)\mathfrak {su}(1,1)cases, it is observed that the Heun operator can be transformed into the Hahn, Continuous Hahn, and Confluent Heun operators, respectively.
G3viz: an R package to interactively visualize genetic mutation data using a lollipop-diagram
Authors: Guo Xin , Zhang Bo , Zeng Wenqi , Zhao Shuting , Ge Dongliang
Published: August 2019

The lollipop-diagram is one of the widely used graphical representations to visualize and explore translational effects of genetic mutations in cancer genomics. However, an easy-to-use lollipop-diagram tool with full functionality is still lacking. Here, we introduce g3viz, an R package that enables researchers to explore genetic mutation data using a lollipop-diagram in a web browser. With a few lines of R code, users can interactively visualize data details, annotate findings and export resultant diagrams in high-quality figures. Because of usefulness and usability, g3viz can be generally exploited by researchers with different levels of bioinformatics skills and programming experience.

Availability and implementation

The R package is freely available under the MIT license from CRAN (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/g3viz). The g3lollipop JavaScript package is freely available under MIT license at GitHub (https://github.com/g3viz/g3lollipop.js).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Listening to our Global Partners: Kenyans’ perceptions of international volunteers
Authors: Dickey Jennifer Smyer , Wasike Rosemary , Singletary Jon , Sayers Megan Levers
Published: August 2019

Although international volunteerism is a common service practice among Americans and Europeans, research exploring host community members’ perceptions of volunteers and their practice is lacking. In this phenomenological study, thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with Kenyan participants and their perceptions of international volunteers’ attitudes and behaviors were explored. While positive themes of skill transfer and honoring cultural practices emerged, so did negative themes that suggested international volunteers had demeaning perceptions of Kenyans, controlled collaborative projects, and gave Kenyans cursory roles to play. The study also suggests that international volunteers departed from service hastily without empowering Kenyans, which led to project failure. Recommendations for strengthening international volunteer practice are identified and described.
A journey from microenvironment to macroenvironment: the role of metaflammation and epigenetic changes in cardiorenal disease
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Yerlikaya Aslihan , Sag Alan A , Ortiz Alberto , Kuwabara Masanari , Covic Adrian , Wiecek Andrzej , Stenvinkel Peter , Afsar Baris
Published: August 2019

Chronic non-communicable diseases have become a pandemic public problem in the 21st century, causing enormous burden on the economy, health and quality of life of societies. The role of a chronic inflammatory state in the pathogenesis of chronic disease has been more comprehensively recognized by recent findings. The new paradigm ‘metaflammation’ focuses on metabolism-induced (high fat or fructose-based diet or excessive calorie intake) chronic inflammation. There is a close correlation between the increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure with both increased inflammatory marker levels and western-type diet. In this review we describe the concept of metaflammation, its role in the development of CKD and chronic heart disease, the molecular and signalling pathways involved and the therapeutic consequences.