bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual screening of antidiabetic compounds from common-urban herbs in Indonesia based on alpha-amylase inhibition
Authors: Fauziyah  , Lukitasari M , Rahmasuha S , Jadid N , Ramadhan R , Hidayati D
Published: July 2022

The common-urban herb (c-uh) plants in Indonesia were known as TOGA plants that can use as traditional medicines hence can improve the quality of health and the economy. Since the diabetic case in the city is usually high prevalence, the investigation of c-uh potential for diabetic medicines are strategic due to its accessibility. Recently, the activity of herbal bioactive compounds for medical purposes can be screened prior to in vitro or in vivo tests, including for diabetic medicine. One of the diabetic treatments is conducted by decreasing glucose absorption in the intestine via alpha-amylase inhibition. This research was aimed to obtain the potential of bioactive compounds from six Indonesian c-uhs (Imperata cylindrica, Cassia siamea, Apium graveolens, Catharanthus roseus, Physalis angulata, and Peperomia pellucida) using the molecular docking method. The bioactive compounds were selected referred to several references, i.e Cylindrene, Dihydroquercetin, Limonene, Lochnerine, Vindolidine, Withangulatin-A, and Yohimbine which were used as ligands. The 3D of ligands were obtained from the PubChem and then screened virtually of each binding affinity toward the alpha-amylase using PyRx method. The results showed that Withangulatin-A from Physalis angulata has the highest potential among other candidates for bioactive compounds as alpha-amylase inhibitors for antidiabetic treatment.
The timing of sonic bloom application on cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) for foliar fertilizer effectiveness
Authors: Mawarni L , Lahay R R , Fajari A
Published: July 2022

Sonic bloom was a technology that used sound waves at 07.00–11.00 a.m. in the western part of Indonesia with a particular frequency to stimulate plant growth. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and best time for applying the foliar fertilizer with sound waves to cabbage plants. This research was conducted in Kuta Gugung Village, Naman Teran District, Karo Regency, from September 1st, 2020, to December 9th, 2020. The research method was a non-factorial randomized block design with four treatments and five replications, namely: application sound waves without fertilization (control), fertilization at 1 hour before application sound waves, fertilization carried out simultaneously with application sound waves, and fertilization carried out 1 hour after application sound waves. The results showed that the application of foliar fertilizer with sound waves significantly affected stomata exposure, making fertilizer more effective. To get the best stomata exposure, it was at 8.30 a.m., but the average selling weight of the crop was not significant.
The effect of manure and ascorbic acid to the growth of Vetiveria zizanioides L. in saline soil
Authors: Novita A , Widodo S W , Madjid M , Mariana M , Nora S , Basri A H H
Published: July 2022

Vetiveria zizanioides was known as vetiver that produces a good quality oil and is also competent in foreign markets. This study aims to determine the effect of manure and ascorbic acid on the growth of vetiver on saline soil by applying the appropriate dose of manure and ascorbic acid for optimal growth. The methodology was done using a randomized block design with three replicates and consisted of 2 factors, i.e., manure level (K) and the ascorbic acid concentration (A). The results suggested an interaction of the manure and ascorbic acid concentration in the plant height, root volume but not found in the number of clumps. The manure displays a significant response to plant height, number of leaves, number of clumps, and root volume. The ascorbic acid response to the growth was obtained to the best response in plant height, a number of leaves, and root volume. The dose of manure and ascorbic acid that increased concentration was suspected to control salinity stress. The manure was thought to be able to provide the organic matter in saline soil because the addition of organic matter holds water and retains nutrients. Besides, ascorbic acid has been a role antioxidant during plant stress.
Local wisdom on processing and utilization of geronggang’s oil for daily remedy and healthcare
Authors: Latifah H , Akbar O T , Irawan A , Kholibrina C R , Aswandi A
Published: July 2022

Geronggang oil has been utilized in various traditional remedy for a long time. However, oil processing from Cratoxylon arborescens applied in simple technique through boiling water, while extraction involving organic solvents to increase productivity were limited. This study aims to explore local wisdom in processing of geronggang oil through applications of several fatty oils such as virgin coconut oil; virgin olive oil; moringa oil; and castor oil and to explore the local knowledge on traditional utilization and sustainable management of this non-timber forest product. Samples of dried bark with 20% moisture content from 8-year-old plants were involved in study. Some proportions of weight of barks were immersed in particular fatty oils and then heated at 100°C. Various literatures were reviewed regarding the traditional application of this organic oil. The results showed that all carrier oils dissolved the extractive substances contained in the barks. The colour of solution becomes darker in higher proportion of barks to carrier oil. This indicates the higher concentration of oil-soluble extractives. It required 30 minutes to dissolve most of extractives, and no colour change was observed thereafter. Furthermore, local wisdom revealed the potential of geronggang oil for various daily remedies and for skin care products.
Characteristics of Bromelain enzyme from Queen variety pineapple crown at different drying temperatures
Authors: Susanti S , Rizqiati H , Pratama Y , Arifan F , Reza S P
Published: July 2022

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) is a plant that contains bromelain enzymes in almost all parts of the plant, such as fruit, leaves, crown, and the stem with different amounts. Bromelain is included in the protease enzyme group that can break down the molecular structure of proteins into amino acids. Pineapple crown is one of the waste products from pineapple processing that has not been used optimally. This study aims to utilise Queen pineapple crown waste and determine the characteristics of Queen pineapple crown bromelain enzymes which consist of protein content, unit activity, and specific activity at different drying temperatures. Queen pineapple crowns were dried using a cabinet dryer at the temperature of 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C before the extraction process. The optimum temperature in the Queen pineapple crowns drying process to produce bromelain with a protein content of 4.41 mg/ml, unit activity 1.36 U/ml, and specific activity 0.31 U/ml was 40°C, then purified by adding 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% ammonium sulfate. The optimum concentration of ammonium sulfate used to produce pure bromelain (0.33 U/mg specific activity) from Queen pineapple crowns was 60%.
Grafting compatibility between variants of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) in Gunungkidul, Indonesia
Authors: Prastyo B , Indrioko S , Faridah E , Ratnaningrum Y W N
Published: July 2022

The declining number of adult individuals led to changes in the mating system of certain sandalwood (Santalum albumLinn.) populations previously dominated by outcrossing. The genetic quality of the produced seeds and reproduction success decreased due to inbreeding. Therefore, vegetative propagation by grafting is an alternative method to support sandalwood conservation and development. This study aimed to determine the compatibility of rootstocks and scion for vegetative propagation by top cleft grafting on sandalwood variants found in Petir and Wanagama landraces, Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia. Based on the availability of materials, we used Red Big Flower (RBF), Red Small Flower (RSF), and Yellow Small Flower (YSF) variants, with RBF and RSF as rootstocks and RBF, RSF, and YSF as scions. All six combinations of rootstock-scion indicated compatibility with various results. The average grafting survival was 35.8%, and the RBF-YSF combination showed the highest survival (90%). However, the RSF-YSF combination produced leaves on the scion at most (21 blades). The propagation method of grafting can be applied for the conservation and deployment of sandalwood variants. In tree improvement, grafting is essential to set up the stool plant in a hedge orchard, copy the genetic materials for the clonal test and clonal seed orchard.
The response of paddy with biochar application and legowo planting system at Tanjung Garbus Kampung Village
Authors: Sipayung A , Damanik R I
Published: July 2022

A black charcoal from the heating of biomass with limited or without oxygen called Biochar. It is organic matter that has stable charateristics could be removed in dry land. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of biochar application on paddy fields and legowo planting systems. The Factorial Plan Split Plot Design was used for this research with two factors, namely; the treatment of planting system (main plot/S) with two stages, Jajar Legowo 2:1 and Jajar Legowo 4:1 and biochar’s application as sub-plot with three level; control, 25.5 ton/ha, and 50.5 ton/ha. The research was carried out in Tanjung Garbus Kampung’s Village, Pagar Merbau Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency with an elevation of ± 50 Meters above sea level. The paddy field has irrigation system for watering the crops. The biochar application and legowo planting system showed a slight significant effect on the root volume. However, the application of biochar and legowo planting systems statistically unaffected on the weight of 1000 grains of paddy crops. Therefore, legowo planting system had slight difference on the production per hectare for paddy.
Genetic diversity analysis of several maize lines (Zea mays L.) developed in acid soil using molecular markers RAPD
Authors: Lubis K , Butarbutar L K S
Published: July 2022

Abstact. Maize is the second staple crop in Indonesia with optimal temperature between 21-34 °C, soil pH between 5.6-7.5 and altitude between 1000-1800 m above sea level. Efforts to increase the potential of marginal soils really need to be done to support food needs in Indonesia, one of the ways to be done is by increasing acid stress-resistant maize varieties in Indonesia. This research was conducted at the Molecular Genetics Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture University of North Sumatra, Medan from March-July 2021. Determination of band size using the UVITEC Cambridge FireReader software and the calculation of genetic similarities and group formation using the MVSP software (ver. 3.2). Based on 5 plant samples from varietis CIMMYT and Maros then isolated using primers OPC 08, OPD 05 and OPA 03. Based on the results of phylogenetics with UPGMA, all analyzed samples were divided into 2 groups. Group I consistsof CLA 84 × NEI 9008, CLA 84 and NEI 9008. The second group II consisted of CLA 106 and 1027.13 × NEI 9008
The intercropping soybean searches in The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
Authors: Wagino  , Hanum C , Rahmanta
Published: July 2022

The increasing soybean production is constrained by land area, so alternative cultivation is needed through an intercropping system, including sustainable use of oil palm plantations. This study aims to obtain online information at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)”to access soybean intercropping information regarding the literature on biological information data, the PubMed database, health, genomes, genes, and proteins. Reportedly there are: 1 book and report; 159 online books; 576 DNA and RNA nucleotides reported;”and 969 full-text journal articles on intercropping soybean cultivation. Soybean intercropping in biotechnology research provides information about research on intercropping, including soybean-oil palm integration in oil palm plantations that has not been reported inNCBI.
The role of agricultural extension on the productivity of arabica coffee farmers’ (Study: Sait Buttu Saribu, Pematang Sidamanik District, Simalungun Regency)
Authors: Lubis S N , Wardanti S
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the role of agricultural extension on the productivity Arabica coffee farmers and to find out the obstacles faced by agricultural extension in providing information concerning the productivity of Arabica coffee farmers in Sait Buttu Saribu Village, Pematang Sidamanik District, Simalungun Regency. The method of determining the sample in this study used simple random sampling with the research sample were farmers who participated in counseling activities and using to 38 samples. Data analysis was carried out by means of Likert scale and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the role of agricultural extension workers as dynamists and facilitators was in the category of important role, while the role of counselor workers as motivators was in the category of very important role and the constraints faced by agriculture counselor in extension activities were that lack of farmers participate in couseling activities and there are inadaquate facilities and infrastructure.
Analysis of rice supply determinants in North Sumatera
Authors: Lindawati  , Emalisa  , Zulfida I
Published: July 2022

The problem of rice supply is a continuous problem that continues to affect food security in North Sumatra every year. This study aims to find out the factors related to the problem of rice supply and what factors have a significant effect on rice supply. The study was conducted in North Sumatera with the consideration of a decrease in production that could interfere with food security. The results showed that several factors had a major influence on rice supply, including rice prices, rice production, rice consumption, rice imports, government rice reserves, land conversion, prices of production factors such as fertilizers, land conversion and food diversification. Some variables that have a significant effect on rice supply include North Sumatera Rice Price (NSRP), North Sumatera Harvest Area (NSHA) and North Sumatera Fertilizer Price (NSFP). Two variables that have a positive effect are NSHA and NSFP, while one variable has a negative effect, namely NSRP. Of the five variables, there are two variables that have no significant effect, namely North Sumatera Rice Consumption (NSRC), North Sumatera Cassava Price (NSCP).
Factors related to decisions of farmers victims of the eruption choosing temporary work as an effort for sustainability of livelihoods in refugee locations (case: refugee farmers victim of the Mount Sinabung eruption from Guru Kinayan, Gamber, Kuta Tonggal and Beras Tepu Village, Karo Regency)
Authors: Maryunianta Y , Kesuma S I
Published: July 2022

This study was carried out with the aim of identifying the type of temporary work chosen by the eruption victim farmers as an effort for sustainability of livelihoods in refugee locations, analysing various factors related to the decision of the eruption victim farmer to choose temporary work during the evacuation, and comparing the family income of the eruption victim farmer after with before evacuating. The sample size was determined using the Slovin method so that a total sample of 63 farmers was obtained. Sampling was done by simple random sampling method. To examine factors related to the decision of eruption victim farmer to choose the type of temporary work, the Chi Square Method was used. Results of the research are the type of temporary work for the eruption victim farmers during the evacuation are farm workers, farmers and non-agricultural workers (i.e. construction workers, drivers, small merchants); socio-economic factors related to the decision of farmers to choose the type of temporary work during the evacuation are additional skills, family dependent, intensity of attending traditional events, and temporary farmer’s residence status; there a significant decrease in the income of the families of eruption victim farmer between after and before evacuating.
Cohesivity and social capital of horticultural farmers group developing the quality of agro-tourism sector in South of Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatera
Authors: Herawaty  , Febrimely D , Siregar A Z , Siregar A A
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to analyze and to correlate the level of quality and quantity of agro-tourism sector, determined of the factors of cohesivity which is develop social capital in Tapanuli Selatan Regency. This research was conducted from March 18, 2020, till July 2020 in 5 Districts (Angkola Barat, Angkola Timur, Batang Angkola, Marancar, and Sipirok). The method used to collect data are observation and interviews, then processed by the Path Analyze method to find out the effect of each variables. The results showed low presented as 37.42%, consist of internal and external aspects to be obstacles to the quality of the agro-tourism sector. Meanwhile, the factors of cohesivity can increase social capital (loyalty, solidarity, kinship relation and pressure affect) was 31.1% of the responsibility. While, solidarity have an effect of 13.2% on cooperation, then kinship has an 11% effect on social networks, and solidarity have 22% effect on loyalty. As well as the cohesivity factor also has an overall effect value to the social capital (43.5%), which significantly. The cohesivity and social capital to the development the quality of the agro-tourism sector in the Tapanuli Selatan Regency have an effect of 50.7%.
Study of Biodiesel Production Fluid Flow Patterns in LPD Type Static Mixing Reactors Using CFD Simulation for Sustainable Energy
Authors: Hashifatunnisa  , Panggabean S
Published: July 2022

Flow patterns can be analyzed accurately using a computational fluid dynamics model approach or CFD. The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of fluid flow, pressure drop, fluid viscosity and FAME results in biodiesel production in a low pressure drop (LPD) static mixing reactor. The CFD method has three important stages, namely pre-processing (experimental data), solution search (boundary conditions and calculations) and post-processing (data presentation and validation). The simulation results show that the flow pattern occurred in turbulent flow with Reynolds number in each reactor above 3000 (Re > 3000). This research also produces a scenario that can reduce the pressure drop in the flow by performing a hole addition scenario, that successfully reduces the pressure drop by 5.13% compared to conventional LPD. Observations also show a decrease in viscosity in the hollow scenario with a decrease of 9.8% better than conventional LPD and an increase of 0.33% FAME in the scenario of adding holes. This study on biodiesel production can help increase the yield of better biodiesel with high quality and for the future can reduce or replace the use of non-renewable fossil fuels with renewable fuels so that the environment will remain sustainable.
Study of fluid flow movement of biodiesel production with helical static mixing reactor using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)
Authors: Putri N A , Panggabean S
Published: July 2022

The simulation was carried out using the computional fluid dynamics method to find out and read the flow pattern in the reactor. Simulations were implemented in nine reactors, which every reactor have 12 helical type static mixer elements. The elements in every static mixer are twisted 180°, and between elements are glued at an angle of 90°. Also performed two scenarios on the modification of the torsion angle of the elements, namely 225° and 270° . Based on the flow velocity and viscosity, the static mixer with 270° torsion angle has a good mixing pattern compared to the torsion angle of 225° and 180° . The viscosity was descresed by 5.4% and the velocity was increased by 3.05%. The concentration of fatty acid methyl ester using static mixer 270° (as much as 97.50%) was higher than the 225° torsion angle (as much as 97.46%) and the 180° torsion angle (as much as 97.41%).
Investigation of optimal processing parameters of palm kernel oil extraction under uniaxial loading towards food security and energy sustainability
Authors: Demirel C , Herák D , Kabutey A , Mizera Č
Published: July 2022

The present study evaluates the optimal conditions for palm kernel oil extraction under uniaxial compression loading. The response surface regression technique was used to test the independent variables, which were the force, vessel diameter and speed at three levels separately. The kernel oil yield was observed as the dependent variable where a regression model was described using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability level. The observed palm kernel oil yield was found to be 22.61% whereas the optimized value was 22.99%. The corresponding extraction (deformation energy) was calculated to be 1.24 kJ. The lack-of-fit of the regression model was non-significant (P > 0.05) implying its adequacy. The force, vessel diameter and speed at the levels of 200 kN, 60 mm and 4 mmmin-1 were identified as the optimum parameters for obtaining high percentage palm kernel oil under uniaxial compression. The findings would be validated in a mechanical screw press type Farmet Duo at a laboratory scale to optimize the palm kernel oil extraction process at small-to large -scale production.
Technical study of small-scale coconut husk decomposing equipment to reduce coconut husk waste in North Sulawesi
Authors: Tooy D , Longdong I A , Lolowang T F
Published: July 2022

Coconut in North Sulawesi are known to produce food products from coconut flesh. However, coconut husks which is 35% of the whole coconut, is still considered waste for farmer groups. In some areas the husk is thrown away or burned. When it is burned the problems faced by the people around the area, some complain about the smoke generated. This study aims to study how to utilize the coconut husk to become a more useful product and to study and test the manufactured equipment to process coconut husk become coconut fiber and coconut peat. The study showed that the equipment is very promising to produce cocopeat and coconut fiber in small scale sector and very potential to reduce husk waste in the field. The products can be made to other derivative products that have economic value and to avoid smoke problems due to environmental smoke due to burned the coconut husk.
Increased stomata openings and chlorophyll index of green mustard (Brassica juncea.L) with violin sound exposure
Authors: Prasetyo J , Raju
Published: July 2022

The goal of this study was to see how violin music affected stomata opening, chlorophyll index, and green mustard productivity. The sole treatment used in the experiment was the sound level. The sound levels were 70-75 decibels, 80-85 decibels, and 90-95 decibels. The Tosokan variety of green mustard was the subject of this study. When compared to green mustard that had not been exposed to sound, the results demonstrated that sound had an effect on the plant. With the exception of stomatal opening, sound exposure at 70-75 dB provides the highest values for all metrics. According to statistical investigation, sound levels of 70-75 decibels provided the highest average productivity weight.
Potential Research of Horizontal Collaboration for Food Supply Chain
Authors: Amelia P , Wirjodirdjo B , Dewi R S
Published: July 2022

FAO data predicts that the world’s population will be around 9.7 billion in 2050. This number could increase demand for a food product. In addition, farmers are responsible to provide the market demand but there are various constrain to full the food product. Modern, food supply chains require multi-tier supply chain operations for transferring the product and information quickly and accurately. Using the horizontal collaboration, partner could make the agreement for the resource and resource sharing for increasing the demand fulfilment. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to give a summary of academic works on horizontal collaboration in the food supply chain. The methodology for this research is using systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis method. The first step is searching criteria and sourcing the identification. The next step is to use the VOS viewer software and extract data from the Scopus database from 2000 to 2021. The final step is analysis data and interpretation. The analysis of this research will find topic initiatives of high relevance and significance for the future. The findings are useful in understanding the major group of literature review and the possible future direction in which they could evolve.
Impact of origin environment to the chemical characteristic of java coffees
Authors: Budiastra I W , Sutrisno  , Ayu P C
Published: July 2022

Coffee is one of the most important export commodities and a unique product which have different taste, shape and flavour according to the origin. The objective of this research was to characterized three different origins of Java coffee (Java Preanger, Andung Sari and Malang) using chemical method. Determination of major composition of coffees were carried out using proximate analysis and determination of caffeine, trigonelline and chlorogenic acid (CGA) was conducted using LCMS method. The concentration of each chemical composition were significantly different among three Java coffees, except for trigonelline and lipid concentration. The carbohydrate and protein concentration of Andung Sari coffee were the highest beside another two coffee origins which were 58.4% and 14.59% respectively. The highest concentration of CGA was obtained in Andung Sari coffee (9.1%) followed by Malang coffee (8.32%) and Java Preanger coffee (6.04%). The highest concentration of caffeine was also obtained in Andung Sari (1.42%). The Chemical quality of Andung Sari coffee is superior among Java coffees.
Performance of Jarwo Rice Transplanter, Tegel Rice Transplanter, and Atabela Systems in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Amalia A F , Rahayu H S P , Risna  , Syafruddin
Published: July 2022

One of the important factors in the agricultural production is labour. However, most of the agricultural workforce has entered a non-productive age, while the interest of the younger generation to enter agricultural land is getting lower, especially with the traditional system. Agricultural mechanization is necessary to handle this problem. Futhermore, the most efficient machine and system will be the best choice to get farm efficiency. The study aims to evaluate the performance of three rice planting tools which were considered also based on the land topography. Data were collected to meet the requirements of technical considerations that have been set in on the standards. The results showed that the Jarwo Rice Transplanter is the most efficient regarded to the effective field capacity which was 0.391 hectares/hour. The efficiency of land management of jarwo rice transplanter is the most effective by 58.86%. This is influenced by several factors, such as the skill of the operator, soil condition, land size, wheel slip, and also the shape of the planting tool.
Analysis of carbohydrate, protein and fat levels using various type rice with different cooking process
Authors: Cintya H , Putra E D L , Muhammad M , Pranata C , Syahputra H D
Published: July 2022

The highest comsumption white rice can increase risk of diabetes deseases. The aimed of this study was to determine nutrient as carbohydrate, ptotein, and fat levels with various types of rice with different cooking process. All of type rice conducted with different cooking process using steamed and rice cooker. Analysis of carbohydrates using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, analysis of fats using the soxhletation method and protein levels using Kjeldhal method. The result of this study that the highest carbohydrate levels is found in raw white rice at 126.124 mg/kg, while after cooking process that the highest carbohydrate levels was found in white rice used ricecooker at 103.400 mg/kg. The highest protein levels before processed was found in raw black rice at 11.16%, while the lowest was found in white rice at 8.71%, after cooking processed the highest protein levels found in black rice cooker at 5.12 %, while the lowest was found in steamed black rice at 3.89%. The highest fat levels before processed was found in black rice of 0.214%, while after cooking processed, the highest fat levels was found in steamed white rice at 0.076%. The conclusion of this study that there are the effects of cooking processed on nutrient.
Effect of sugar concentration and fermentation time on secang kombucha drink
Authors: Sinamo K N , Ginting S , Pratama S
Published: July 2022

Secang kombucha drink is a fermented drink by Acetobacter xylinum and Sacharomyces cerevisiae using secang wood. Secang wood contains several nutritional contents that can be used in food diversification and sustainability of food for supporting food security. The use of secang wood is as a substitute for tea leaves in making of kombucha drinks. The study aims to determine the effect of fermentation and the concentration of sugar used on the manufacture of secang kombucha drink. The study was conducted using the factorial CRD (Completely Randomized Design) method, that is the addition of sugar concentration (G): 10%, 20%, 30% and fermentation time (F): 4 days, 7 days, 10 days, 13 days. The parameters observed were total acid, total soluble solid, pH, viscosity, and colour value. The results showed that the effect of addition of sugar concentration and fermentation time had a very significant effect on total acid, total soluble solid, pH, viscosity, and colour value. The best treatment is G2F3 treatment (the sugar concentration of 20% and the fermentation time of 10 days) with total acid of 0.9239%, total soluble solid of 20.8964°Brix, pH 2.9997, viscosity of 1.0906 Pa.s and colour value of 54.9170°Hue.
Characteristic infused water of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea Linn) with the addition of traditional spice andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) based on sustainable local resources
Authors: Sakdiah H , Nurminah M , Karo-Karo T
Published: July 2022

Infused water is a drink that contains bioactive components. In this study, the manufacture of infused water from herbs, namely butterfly pea and the addition of andaliman which is a traditional spice typical of North Sumatra. The determine of this study was to determine the effect of adding andaliman and the storage time of butterfly pea infused water. This study was made with the addition of andaliman (A1 = 0%, A2 = 5%, A3 = 10%, and A4 = 15%) of the weight of water, then stored for a long time of storage (P1 = 0 days, P2 = 2 days, P3 = 4 days, P4 = 6 days, and P5 = 8 days) at refrigerator temperature. The results obtained were the addition of andaliman highly significantly different (P<0.01) on colour index, total sugar, and total flavonoids. Meanwhile, there was highly significantly different P(<0.01) in the total sugar and total flavonoids, but no significantly different (P>0.05) in colour index on the effect of storage time. The results show that the colour index of this infused water is blue-purple (302.1794-300.2495 °Hue). The highest total sugar was in treatment A4 (0.2437%) and the highest total flavonoid was in treatment A4 (2.0728%).
Analysis of cupping, colour and caffeine content of Gayo Arabica coffee
Authors: Sinaga H , Hilman A
Published: July 2022

The Gayo Arabica coffee are processed with natural, semi-washed, and full-washed methods. The aim of this study was to determine the colour, caffeine and protein contents along with cupping test of the green beans after the differences in the processing methods. Based on cupping test, all attributes such as the uniformity, clean cup and sweetness get maximum scores, above 80, meaning the beans are classified as specialty coffee. The colour of all beans were reddish-yellow especially in semi-wet and wet processed seeds. The caffeine and protein content of all coffee types ranged from 0.70 ± 0.02% to 0.99 ± 0.03% and 7.74 ± 0.43% to 10.04 ± 1.39%, respectively. The values have met the quality standard of Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-3542-2004). This preliminary results will be continued by storing the coffee beans up to 12 months at room temperature. This study related to the environmental balance and sustainability of coffee plants. The finding results confirmed that the Gayo Arabica coffee can still be classified as specialty although the coffee cherries are processed with various methods.
The Effect of Implementation of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and the Use of Andaliman Fruit Extract as Natural Preservatives on Microbiological Quality of Beef Meatbals in Household Food Industry “Mak Iji” in Medan City
Authors: Pangaribuan M , Julianti E , Suryanto D
Published: July 2022

Bacterial contamination such as Salmonella and E. coli is the main cause of extraordinary cases of foodborne diseases. This study was done at the Mak Iji Household Food Industry in Medan City which produces beef meatballs. The application of good manufacturing practice (GMP) was carried out in accordance with the Regulation of the Head of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BPOM RI) of 2012. The microbiological quality of the beef meatballs produced was carried out before and after the application of GMP with and without the addition of ethyl acetate extract of andaliman fruit. The results show there are 8 elements of major findings and 29 elements of minor findings from 37 elements of GMP examination. The application of GMP can reduce the total plate count (TPC) from 3.87 CFU/mL to 1.47 CFU/mL in meatballs without the addition of andaliman fruit extract, and 0 CFU/mL for meatballs with the addition of andaliman fruit extract. E.coli and Salmonella were not detected after the application of GMP. The results of this study indicate that the application of GMP and ethyl acetate extract of andaliman fruit can prevent the growth of harmful bacteria in beef meatball products.
Hydrolysis of alkaline treatment and characterization of cellulose fibrils from processing waste of bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharide
Authors: Hilman A , Karo-karo T , Azhari  , Sakdiah H , Salma N A , Pangestu I
Published: July 2022

Cellulose fibrils are insoluble dietary fibres in the processing waste of bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP). The researcher has investigated the characterization of chemical and morphological properties of WSP bengkoang in previous studies. However, the processing waste of the insoluble dietary fibres from WSP bengkoang still needs to be studied. This research aim is to hydrolyze and characterize the cellulose fibrils from bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharides. The results showed that the crude fibres assisted with alkaline treatment would lead to the swollen thread and remove materials like soluble and insoluble lignin to become cellulose fibrils. The morphology of natural fibres has mixed with starch from the processing waste of bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the cellulose fibrils look clear with a dimension of around 10–14 μm. The FTIR graph shows a degradation in the quantum of linking materials allows in the fibres due to alkaline treatment. The raw fibres characteristic peak does not appear due to alkaline hydrolisis treatment. The peak between 1200 and 1300 cm-1 which decreases due to alkaline treatment is mainly responsible for the wax, lignin, pectin, and other impurities components. The color degree of cellulose fibrils were indicate due to the removal of other impurities and non-cellulosic components.
The effect of planting distance on seeds Rhizophora apiculata from the coast to the northeast on Pulau Sembilan, Pangkalan Susu District, Langkat Regency
Authors: Yunasfi  , Simanungkalit J M
Published: July 2022

Coastal areas are the main habitat of mangrove forests. As is well known, this area has both beauty and conflict of interest, so the ecosystem in the area faces various threats and problems of destruction caused by human activities, such as coastal reclamation work, bombing, poisoning of coral reefs and housing construction. This research was conducted to see the differences in the treatment of mangrove nurseries with the type of red mangrove on their growth and development based on the direction of the wind and the distance from the shoreline. The research was carried out from October to December 2020. Determination of the cardinal directions using a compass that points to the northeast, as far as 40 meters from the shoreline. Rhozophora apiculata was planted from a distance of 40 meters to 44 meters at a distance of 1 meter by 1 meter. The results obtained during 12 weeks of observation, showed that the highest seedling height was at a distance of 41 meters, the highest diameter at a distance of 41 meters and the highest number of leaves at a distance of 40 meters. The conclusion is that the most ideal planting distance is at p1 (41 meters spacing).
The effect of skidding by excavator on soil compaction in the industrial plantation forest of PT Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Muhdi  , Lubis L M , Purba B , Lintang D P S , Zaitunah A , Sahar A , Hanafiah D S
Published: July 2022

The impact caused by excavator is damage to forest vegetation and physical damage to forest soil. The aimed of this study was to analyze of soil compaction due to skidding in the industrial plantation forest of PT Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra. This research was conducted in the industrial plantation forest of PT Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra. Soil samples were taken each cycle with a skidding intensity of 5, 10 and 15 round-trip with a repetition distance of 10 m and with 3 replications, respectively. This research shows that soil mass density increases with the increase in skidding intensity. The value of soil mass density increases along with the increase in the intensity of skidding both in the litter path and without litter path. The soil mass density with litter-lined paths is lower than witout litter-lined paths.
The peunajoh toward conservation of flora and fauna biodiversity in Aceh
Authors: Lubis T , Ramlan  , Dardanila  , Hasrul S , Nasution T , Abus A F
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study described the role of traditional Aceh dish peunajoh (food and drink) toward the conservation of flora biodiversity in Aceh. Peunajoh is dependent on each formal occasion. In this study, the qualitative method and ethnography model was applied. The data were documentation of peunajoh (kinds of peunajoh) which used in traditional special occasions, namely uroe raya (Idul Fitri) and Tueng dara baro (having the bride at the groom’s house). They were collected through interviews and observation. The study showed that the peunajoh has indexed with the activity toward conservation for flora and fauna in Aceh. The plants for the ingredient of peunajoh is essential to growing not only for the needs of food but also become the symbol for in peunajoh affected the conservation of flora biodiversity in Aceh. The Acehnese had an engagement with several floras, which are used for peunajoh. As a result, traditional dishes out peunajoh in every occasion had affected the conservation of flora biodiversity in Aceh.
Utilization of UAV technology for mapping of mangrove ecosystem at Belawan, Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Thoha A S , Lubis O O A , Hulu D L N , Sari T Y , Mardiyadi Z
Published: July 2022

As the largest archipelagic state in the world, Indonesia has the largest mangrove forest in the world. Unfortunately, Indonesia is also listed as the country with the largest mangrove loss in the world. Mangrove forests in Belawan and their surroundings are also damaged and need restoration. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a technology that can assist monitor mangrove ecosystems in more detail. The objective of this study was to identify land cover in the Belawan Mangrove Ecosystem restoration area. The land cover analysis used aerial photo analysis from drones using the maximum likelihood classification method. Field surveys were conducted to obtain the accuracy of land cover analysis from aerial photographs. They were also conducted to find the types of trees that grow in the Belawan Mangrove Ecosystem, Medan. There are four types of land cover based on the classification results using the maximum likelihood method, including mangroves, water bodies, ponds, and settlements. The classification results obtained an overall accuracy test result of 92%. Restoration efforts are needed by mangrove area managers considering that non-forest land in the form of ponds and water bodies is still quite wide.
The impact of flooding on rice production in the Krueng Kluet Watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Pirngadi R S , Rahmawaty
Published: July 2022

Kluet Utara is a sub-district in South Aceh Regency, Aceh Province. This sub-district is the largest rice field area in South Aceh Regency with an area of ± 1,627.34 Ha. Currently, lowland rice farmers in this district often suffer losses due to flooding from the Krueng Kluet watershed which has an impact on crop failure and the drifting of rice production that is carried away by flood currents, this greatly affects the decline in lowland rice production. This study aims to examine correlation the impact of flooding on lowland rice production and the relationship between flood-prone areas and the of lowland rice production in Kluet Utara Regency. In conclusion, before the flood the total production was 9,827 tons, productivity was 6.03 tons/ha. Meanwhile, when there was a flood, the production of lowland rice was 2,827 tons, the productivity was 1.73 tons/ha. The relationship of lowland rice production with moderate and high flood areas has a very strong correlation value. That is, there is a very large relationship on the decline in production during a flood, while in very high flood areas there is a correlation between the impact of flooding on a decrease in rice production.
The effect of Sargassum sp. porridge immersion to reduce levels of lead (Pb) and the organoleptic quality in blood cockles (Anadara granosa) from Belawan fishing port
Authors: Dewinta A F , Lubis R Y , Siregar R F
Published: July 2022

The east coast waters of North Sumatera experience high pollution pressure, which has an impact on the biota in it, especially blood cockles. Blood cockles are one type of fishery commodity taken from Belawan fishing port. They have a habit of eating by filtering the food in the water. Sargassum sp. is one of the marine biotas with a biofilter capability that can absorb compounds in waters. It can be used as a bioindicator of pollution and biocontrol of waters in native habitats. It is necessary to investigate the effect of concentration and duration of immersion with Sargassum sp. porridge to decrease Pb levels and maintain quality in blood cockles. Testing of lead heavy metal used AAS method and the quality test used scoresheet organoleptic for cockles. Immersion was carried out with porridge concentrations of 4%,6%,8%,10%. After obtaining the best concentration, the immersion test was carried out with a treatment time of 45,60,75,90 minutes. The best concentration is 10%, with an optimum Pb reduction of 58.67% with a Pb value of 0.998 mg/kg. The optimum time is 90 minutes with an effectiveness of 67.19%. The immersion time can maintain the organoleptic quality of blood cockles.
The threat of foodborne disease from raw seafood: isolation and molecular identification of bacteria from the gut of Portunus pelagicus
Authors: Kartika A I , Retnani T P , Fitria M S , Iswara A , Mukaromah A H
Published: July 2022

Portunus pelagicus is a marine commodity that is in great demand by consumers, especially coastal communities. Portunus pelagicus habitat in the sea allows contamination from microorganisms and marine waste. Proper cleaning and processing of Portunus pelagicus can cause foodborne disease. One part of Portunus pelagicus that contains a lot of contaminants is the gut. The process of isolation and molecular identification of bacteria from the gut of Portunus pelagicus is important. Portunus pelagicus samples that have been taken from the gut and extracted. Portunus pelagicus gut extract was put in NA media and continued into BAP media. Pure bacterial cultures were isolated using CIAA phenol DNA method and amplified using 16S rRNA followed by sequencing. Four bacterial isolates were obtained from the gut of Portunus pelagicus, namely PorTRJ6, PorTRJ8, PorTRJ9, PorTRJ10. PorTRJ6 are β-hemolytic bacteria and PorTRJ8, PorTRJ9, PorTRJ10 are α-hemolytic bacteria. Based on the results of sequencing the bacterial isolates had similarity with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Uncultured bacterium clone RS-E27, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus sp. Some bacteria found in the gut of Portunus pelagicus can cause foodborne disease. Portunus pelagicus is a high-protein seafood that can be toxic if it is not processed cleanly and properly.
Status of seagrass ecosystem in Pane Island, North Sumatera
Authors: Khairunnisa  , Dewinta A F , Siregar R F
Published: July 2022

Pane Island is surrounded by seagrass meadows where Enhalus acoroides was the only species found. This small island is located in Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatera. The seagrass density and coverage was determined by using seagrass watch method, while the status was classified based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia. The percentage of seagrass canopy cover shows that the seagrass is in poor and less affluent/unhealthy condition with 19.33 - 30.20%. Meanwhile, the seagrass density on Pane Island ranges from 58 – 107 ind/m2. The density is well related to the coverage, shown from the regression analysis between density and cover where the value of R2 is 0.65. The highest biomass was found at station II with aboveground biomass of 303.09 g/m2 and belowground biomass of 607.86 g/m2, while the lowest was at station I with aboveground biomass of 163.17 g/m2 and belowground biomass of 327.25 g/m2. The distribution and the status of the seagrass in Pane Island can become a database and inventory, so that follow-up related to the management and protection of seagrass ecosystems can be carried out effectively.
Analysis of abundances and growth of Indo-Pacific tarpon fish (Megalops cyprinoides) on the estuary of leidong river North Labuhanbatu Regency
Authors: Harahap Z A , Awaliah N , Desrita
Published: July 2022

Leidong river flow is deriving from the Kualuh river basin as the largest river in Labuhanbatu District. The Leidong stream is possibly a water space with changed human exercises which has the potential to cause contamination and disturbance of oceanic biota. The purposes of this study were to figure out fish abundances and the growth of tarpon fish (Megalops cyprinoides) in the Leidong River, North Labuhanbatu District. The highest fish abundance was at station one which was 6 ind/m2, followed by stations 3 and 2 which were 5 and 4 ind/m2. The length and weight estimation of the catched angle at each station demonstrated the development of the tarpon fish with the esteem of b> 3 which is a positive allometric and the value of the condition factor of each K> 1, where this indicates that the condition of the fish in the estuary of the Leidong river morphologically can be said to have good plumpness.