bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional mediators of treatment resistance in lethal prostate cancer
Authors: He Meng Xiao , Cuoco Michael S. , Crowdis Jett , Bosma-Moody Alice , Zhang Zhenwei , Bi Kevin , Kanodia Abhay , Su Mei-Ju , Rodman Christopher , DelloStritto Laura , Shah Parin , Burke Kelly P. , Izar Benjamin , Bakouny Ziad , Tewari Alok K. , Liu David , Camp Sabrina Y. , Vokes Natalie I. , Park Jihye , Vigneau Sébastien , Fong Lawrence , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Regev Aviv , Rotem Asaf , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Van Allen Eliezer M.
Published: March 2020

Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is primarily treated with therapies that prevent transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR), cause DNA damage, or prevent cell division. Clinical resistance to these therapies, including second-generation androgen-targeting compounds such as enzalutamide and abiraterone, is nearly universal. Other treatment modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have provided minimal benefit except in rare subsets of patients1,2. Both tumour intrinsic and extrinsic cellular programs contributing to therapeutic resistance remain areas of active investigation. Here we use full-length single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify the transcriptional states of cancer and immune cells in the mCRPC microenvironment. Within cancer cells, we identified transcriptional patterns that mediate a significant proportion of inherited risk for prostate cancer, extensive heterogeneity inARsplicing within and between tumours, and vastly divergent regulatory programs between adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma. Moreover, upregulation of TGF-β signalling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were both associated with resistance to enzalutamide. We found that some lymph node metastases, but no bone metastases, were heavily infiltrated by dysfunctional CD8+T cells, including cells undergoing dramatic clonal expansion during enzalutamide treatment. Our findings suggest avenues for rational therapeutic approaches targeting both tumour-intrinsic and immunological pathways to combat resistance to current treatment options.
Embodied virtual reality for the study of real-world motor learning
Authors: Haar Shlomi , Sundar Guhan , Faisal A. Aldo
Published: March 2020

Motor-learning literature focuses on simple laboratory-tasks due to their controlled manner and the ease to apply manipulations to induce learning and adaptation. Recently, we introduced a billiards paradigm and demonstrated the feasibility of real-world-neuroscience using wearables for naturalistic full-body motion-tracking and mobile-brain-imaging. Here we developed an embodied virtual-reality (VR) environment to our real-world billiards paradigm, which allows to control the visual feedback for this complex real-world task, while maintaining sense of embodiment. The setup was validated by comparing real-world ball trajectories with the trajectories of the virtual balls, calculated by the physics engine. We then ran our learning protocol in the embodied VR. Subjects played billiard shots when they held the physical cue and hit a physical ball on the table while seeing it all in VR. We found comparable learning trends in the embodied VR to those we previously reported in the physical real-world task. Embodied VR can be used for learning real-world tasks in a highly controlled environment which enables applying visual manipulations, common in laboratory-tasks and rehabilitation, to a real-world full-body task. Embodied VR enables to manipulate feedback and apply perturbations to isolate and assess interactions between specific motor-learning components, thus enabling addressing the current questions of motor-learning in real-world tasks. Such a setup can be used for rehabilitation, where VR is gaining popularity but the transfer to the real-world is currently limited, presumably, due to the lack of embodiment.
Limits of subjective and objective vection for ultra-high frame rate visual displays
Authors: Weech Séamas , Kenny Sophie , Calderon Claudia Martin , Barnett-Cowan Michael
Published: March 2020

Large-field optic flow generates the illusory percept of self-motion, termed ‘vection’. Smoother visual motion displays generate a more compelling subjective sense of vection and objective postural responses, as well as a greater sense of immersiveness for the user observing the visual display. Research suggests that the function linking frame rate and vection asymptotes at 60 frames per second (FPS), but previous studies have used only moderate frame rates that do not approach the limits of human perception. Here, we measure vection using subjective and objective (mean frequency and path length of postural centre-of-pressure (COP) excursions) responses following the presentation of high-contrast optic flow stimuli at slow and fast speeds and low and ultra-high frame rates. We achieve this using a novel rendering method implemented with a projector capable of sub-millisecond temporal resolution in order to simulate refresh rates ranging from very low (15 FPS) to ultra-high frame rates (480 FPS). The results suggest that subjective vection was experienced most strongly at 60 FPS. Below and above 60 FPS, subjective vection is generally weaker, shorter, and starts later, although this pattern varied slightly according to the speed of stimuli. For objective measures, while the frequency of postural sway was unaffected by frame rate, COP path length was greatest for 480 FPS stimuli. Together, our results support diminishing returns for vection above 60 FPS and provide insight into the use of high frame rate for enhancing the user experience in visual displays.
Anchoring the human olfactory system to a functional gradient
Authors: Waymel Alice , Friedrich Patrick , Bastian Pierre-Antoine , Forkel Stephanie J. , de Schotten Michel Thiebaut
Published: March 2020

Margulies et al. (2016) demonstrated the existence of at least five independent functional connectivity gradients in the human brain. However, it is unclear how these functional gradients might link to anatomy. The dual origin theory proposes that differences in cortical cytoarchitecture originate from two trends of progressive differentiation between the different layers of the cortex, referred to as the hippocampocentric and olfactocentric systems. When conceptualising the functional connectivity gradients within the evolutionary framework of the Dual Origin theory, the first gradient likely represents the hippocampocentric system anatomically. Here we expand on this concept and demonstrate that the fifth gradient likely links to the olfactocentric system. We describe the anatomy of the latter as well as the evidence to support this hypothesis. Together, the first and fifth gradients might help to model the Dual Origin theory of the human brain and inform brain models and pathologies.
AMPAR trafficking dependent LTP initiates cortical remapping and adaptive behaviors during sensory experience
Authors: Campelo Tiago , Augusto Elisabete , Chenouard Nicolas , de Miranda Aron , Kouskoff Vladimir , Choquet Daniel , Gambino Frédéric
Published: March 2020

Cortical plasticity improves behaviors and helps recover lost functions after injury by adapting neuronal computations. However, the underlying synaptic and circuit mechanisms remain unclear. In mice, we found that trimming all but one whisker enhances sensory responses from the spared whisker in the somatosensory barrel cortex and occludes whisker-mediated long-term potentiation (w-LTP)in vivo. In addition, whisking-dependent behaviors that are initially impaired by single whisker experience (SWE) rapidly recover when associated cortical regions remap. Blocking the surface diffusion of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) suppresses the expression of w-LTP in naïve mice with all whiskers intact, demonstrating that physiologically induced LTPin vivorequires AMPARs trafficking. We used this approach to demonstrate that w-LTP is required for SWE-mediated strengthening of synaptic inputs and initiates the recovery of previously learned skills during the early phases of SWE. Taken together, our data reveal that w-LTP mediates cortical remapping and behavioral improvement upon partial sensory deafferentation and demonstrates that restoration of sensory function after peripheral injury can be manipulated.
A preliminary investigation of major bacterial antibiotic resistance genes present in Australian fecal samples using shotgun metagenomics and targeted sequencing
Authors: Guernier-Cambert Vanina , Chamings Anthony , Collier Fiona , Alexandersen Soren
Published: March 2020

The gut microbiota is an immense reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs); however, in Australia the profile of the gut ‘resistome’, or ensemble of ARGs, has not been investigated. This study provides a first preliminary mapping of the major bacterial ARGs present in human, domestic dog and wild duck fecal samples collected from south-eastern Victoria, Australia; and evaluates the use of shotgun metagenomics sequencing (SMS) and targeted amplification of ARGs. We analysed SMS data using an in-house method and web-based bioinformatics tools: ResFinder and KmerResistance. We examined targeted sequences using One Codex or the PanBacterialAnalysis Torrent Suite plugin. All methods detected ARGs in all samples, with resistance to up to 13 classes of antibiotics detected overall. ARGs were more abundant in the human and dog samples than the duck samples. They mostly conferred resistance to three classes of antibiotics that are the most frequently prescribed in Australia: tetracycline, β-lactams and MLSB(macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B). Targeted sequencing significantly improved sensitivity for detection of ARGs included in the panel; however, SMS provided quantitative information and allowed tentative identification of the host bacteria. For SMS, web-based and in-house methods gave comparable results, with discrepancies mostly due to different reference databases. The in-house method allowed manually checking results and potential errors, while web-based methods were user-friendlier and less time-consuming. More samples need to be investigated to fully describe the resistome in humans and animals in Australia.
Fast quantitative analysis of timsTOF PASEF data with MSFragger and IonQuant
Authors: Yu Fengchao , Haynes Sarah E. , Teo Guo Ci , Avtonomov Dmitry M. , Polasky Daniel A. , Nesvizhskii Alexey I.
Published: March 2020

Ion mobility brings an additional dimension of separation to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, improving identification of peptides and proteins in complex mixtures. A recently introduced timsTOF mass spectrometer (Bruker) couples trapped ion mobility separation to time-of-flight mass analysis. With the parallel accumulation serial fragmentation (PASEF) method, the timsTOF platform achieves promising results, yet analysis of the data generated on this platform represents a major bottleneck. Currently, MaxQuant and PEAKS are most commonly used to analyze these data. However, due to the high complexity of timsTOF PASEF data, both require substantial time to perform even standard tryptic searches. Advanced searches (e.g. with many variable modifications, semi- or non-enzymatic searches, or open searches for post-translational modification discovery) are practically impossible. We have extended our fast peptide identification tool MSFragger to support timsTOF PASEF data, and developed a label-free quantification tool, IonQuant, for fast and accurate 4-D feature extraction and quantification. Using a HeLa data set published by Meier et al. (2018), we demonstrate that MSFragger identifies significantly (∼30%) more unique peptides than MaxQuant (1.6.10.43), and performs comparably or better than PEAKS X+ (∼10% more peptides). IonQuant outperforms both in terms of number of quantified proteins while maintaining good quantification precision and accuracy. Runtime tests show that MSFragger and IonQuant can fully process a typical two-hour PASEF run in under 70 minutes on a typical desktop (6 CPU cores, 32 GB RAM), significantly faster than other tools. Finally, through semi-enzymatic searching, we significantly increase the number of identified peptides. Within these semi-tryptic identifications, we report evidence of gas-phase fragmentation prior to MS/MS analysis.
Optical trapping of nucleolus reveals viscoelastic properties of nucleoplasm inside mouse germinal vesicle oocytes
Authors: Syrchina Maria S. , Shakhov Aleksander M. , Aybush Arseny V. , Nadtochenko Victor A.
Published: March 2020

We propose a technique of controlled manipulation with mammalian intracellular bodies by means of optical trapping in order to reveal viscoelastic properties of cell interior. Near infrared laser in the spectral range of tissue transparency was applied to study dynamics of the nucleolus-chromatin complex inside the thermodynamically non-equilibrium system of a mouse oocyte. A nucleolus of germinal vesicle (GV) oocyte as spherical probe was displaced from the equilibrium and its relaxation dynamics was observed. We developed software for subdiffraction tracking of a nucleolus position with lateral resolution up to 3 nm and applied it for different GV-oocyte chromatin configurations. We showed differences in viscoelastic properties within nucleoplasm of NSN-oocytes, visualized by Hoechst 33342 staining. Also, we demonstrate that in germ cells basic biophysical properties of nucleoplasm can be obtained by using optical trapping without disruption and modification of cellular interior.
The GspLM inner membrane complex from the bacterial type II secretion system is a dimer of dimers and interacts with the system ATPase with high affinity
Authors: Fulara Aleksandra , Ramou Ioanna , Savvides Savvas N.
Published: March 2020

ABSTACT

The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a multiprotein machinery spanning the diderm of gram-negative bacteria. T2SS contributes to the virulence of numerous gram-negative pathogens, including the multidrug resistant speciesPseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii, Klebsiella pneumoniaandVibrio cholerae. Even though the T2SS has been studied extensively over the past three decades, our understanding of the molecular basis of its biogenesis and of its overall structure still remains unclear. Here we show that the core component of the inner membrane platform, the GspLM membrane protein complex, can be isolated as a dimer of dimers. Importantly, the complex is able to bind the T2SS ATPase, GspE, with high affinity. Finally, we have developed single domain VHH camelid antibodies (nanobodies) against the GspLM complex and have identified a nanobody that effectively prevents the cytoplasmic domain of GspL, GspLcyto, from binding to GspE. Our findings suggest that the T2SS ATPase is permanently associated with the inner membrane platform and that the GspELM complex should be considered as a key subassembly for the biogenesis of the T2SS apparatus.
Role of YAP1 gene in proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells induced by TNF-α
Authors: Dong Tao , Sun Xuemin , Jin He
Published: March 2020

The authors have withdrawn their manuscript whilst they perform additional experiments to test some of their conclusions further. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Neuronal octopamine signaling regulates mating-induced germline stem cell proliferation in femaleDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Yoshinari Yuto , Ameku Tomotsune , Kondo Shu , Tanimoto Hiromu , Kuraishi Takayuki , Shimada-Niwa Yuko , Niwa Ryusuke
Published: March 2020

Stem cells fuel the development and maintenance of tissues. Many studies have addressed how local signals from neighboring niche cells regulate stem cell identity and their proliferative potential. However, the regulation of stem cells by tissue-extrinsic signals in response to external cues remains poorly understood. Here we report that efferent octopaminergic neurons projecting to the ovary are essential for germline stem cell (GSC) proliferation in response to mating in femaleDrosophila. The neuronal activity of the octopaminergic neurons is required for mating-induced GSC proliferation as they relay the mating signal from Sex peptide receptor-positive cholinergic neurons. Octopamine and its receptor Oamb are also required for mating-induced GSC proliferation via intracellular Ca2+signaling. Moreover, we identified Matrix metalloproteinase-2 as a downstream component of the octopamine-Ca2+signaling to induce GSC proliferation. Our study provides a mechanism describing how neuronal system couples stem cell behavior to external cues through stem cell niche signaling.
A role for KIF9 in male fertility
Authors: Chen Ken , Cho Sang Yeon , Zhang Yongwei , Beck Amanda , Segall Jeffrey E.
Published: March 2020

A mouse was generated containing a floxed exon 3 of the gene for the kinesin family member KIF9. By in situ hybridization, expression of KIF9 mRNA was highest in the testis and was also strong in epithelia containing multi-ciliated cells such as the ependyma, bronchioles and oviduct. Deletion of the exon led to loss of KIF9 expression at the mRNA and protein level with no effect on viability. However, homozygous KIF9 knockout males were sterile. Although KIF9 knockout sperm were motile, they were unable to fertilize oocytes in an in vitro fertilization assay. Closer examination of sperm motility indicated a subtle difference in waveform. Our results suggest that KIF9 plays a role male fertility, possibly through regulation of flagellar waveforms in ciliated cells.
Dmon1andrab7interact to regulate glutamate receptor GluRIIA levels at the larvalDrosophilaneuromuscular junction
Authors: Basargekar Anagha , Yogi Shweta , Mushtaq Zeeshan , Deivasigamani Senthil , Kumar Vimlesh , Ratnaparkhi Girish , Ratnaparkhi Anuradha
Published: March 2020

Regulation of post-synaptic receptors plays an important role in determining synaptic strength and plasticity. TheDrosophilalarval neuromuscular junction (nmj) has been used extensively as a model to understand some of these processes. In this context, we are interested in the role ofDrosophilaMonensin sensitive protein 1 (DMon1) in regulating glutamate receptor (GluRIIA) levels at the nmj.Dmon1is an evolutionarily conserved protein which, in complex with CCZ1, regulates the conversion of early endosomes to late endosomes through recruitment of Rab7. C-terminal deletion mutants ofDmon1(Dmon1Δ181) exhibit lethality. The escapers have a short life span and exhibit severe motor defects. At the nmj, these mutants show a defects in synaptic morphology and a strong increase in glutamate receptor GluRIIA levels. The mechanism by whichDmon1regulates GluRIIA is unclear.

In this study, we have described the characterization the mutation in an EMS mutant referred to aspog1and demonstrate this mutant to be an allele ofDmon1. Further, we have examined the role ofrab7in regulation the of GluRIIA. We show that similar toDmon1, knock-down ofrab7using RNAi in neurons, and not muscles, leads to an increase in GluRIIA. Loss of one copy each ofDmon1withrab7leads to a synergistic increase in receptor expression. Further, overexpression of an activated Rab7 can rescue the GluRIIA phenotype observed inDmon1Δ181mutants. Together, these results highlight a neuronal role for Rab7 in GluRIIA regulation and underscores the important of the endo-lysosomal pathway in this process.
Senescent stromal cells promote cancer resistance through SIRT1 loss-potentiated overproduction of small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Han Liu , Long Qilai , Li Shenjun , Xu Qixia , Zhang Boyi , Dou Xuefeng , Qian Min , Jiramongkol Yannasittha , Guo Jianming , Cao Liu , Chin Y. Eugene , Lam Eric W-F , Jiang Jing , Sun Yu
Published: March 2020

Cellular senescence is a potent tumor-suppressive program that prevents neoplastic events. Paradoxically, senescent cells develop an inflammatory secretome, termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and implicated in age-related pathologies including cancer. Here we report that senescent cells actively synthesize and release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with a distinctive size distribution. Mechanistically, SIRT1 loss supports accelerated sEV production despite enhanced proteome-wide ubiquitination, a process correlated with ATP6V1A downregulation and defective lysosomal acidification. Once released, senescent stromal sEVs significantly alter the expression profile of recipient cancer cells and enhance their aggressiveness, specifically drug resistance mediated by expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 (ABCB4). Targeting SIRT1 with an agonist SRT2104 prevents development of cancer resistance through restraining sEV production by senescent stromal cells. In clinical oncology, sEVs in peripheral blood of posttreatment cancer patients are readily detectable by routine biotechniques, presenting a novel biomarker to monitor therapeutic efficacy and to predict long term outcome. Together, our study identifies a distinct mechanism supporting pathological activities of senescent cells, and provides a novel avenue to circumvent advanced human malignancies by co-targeting cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment, which contributes to drug resistance via secretion of sEVs from senescent stromal cells.
Tax structure and economic growth in India: insights from ARDL model
Authors: Neog Yadawananda , Gaur Achal Kumar
Published: March 2020

Purpose

In the academic debate, the tax–growth relationship is always a controversial one. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between tax structure and economic growth in India for the period 1980-2016. After controlling for total tax revenue share to GDP in the estimation model, the authors examine the long-run and short-run relationship between tax structure and growth in India.

Design/methodology/approach

Auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model has been used in this study. This bound cointegration model has certain advantages to the traditional cointegration model. This study also applies the threshold cointegration test of Hansen and Seo (2002) for examining non-linearity in tax–growth nexus.

Findings

The analysis shows that income tax share, corporation tax share and excise tax share are harmful to growth in the long-run. While the custom share is enlarging the growth performance. Corporation tax share is also reducing growth in the short-run. Following the Pesaranet al.(2001) approach of ARDL bound testing, the authors find the existence of a long-run relationship between studied variables. However, this study does not find any existence of threshold effect in the tax–growth relationship for India.

Practical implications

Based on the empirical findings, the author suggests that the prime tax change, which has the potential to impact both long-run growth and short-run economic recovery is the reduction of corporate tax rate with sustainable revenue generation. It will definitely enlarge the foreign direct investment, saving and investment in India.

Originality/value

This study will be a contribution to the empirical literature by investigating “tax–growth” relationship in the Indian case. To the knowledge, this will be the first study to examine this relationship for India with a recent data set.
Board independence and CSR reporting: pre and post analysis of JCGC 2009
Authors: Al Fadli Amer , Sands John , Jones Gregory , Beattie Claire , Pensiero Domenico
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the influence of board independence on the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in Jordan over time. The paper also compares this level of influence between the pre- and post-issuance of the Jordanian corporate governance code (JCGC) in 2009.

Design/methodology/approach

Longitudinal data (panel data) from all non-financial listed companies on the Amman stock exchange for the period 2006-2015 was collected and analysed. The content analysis method was used to assess the CSR reporting evident in the annual reports. An ordinary least square regression was used to investigate the relationship between board independence and the level of CSR reporting.

Findings

The results revealed that board independence has a positive and significant influence on the level of CSR reporting. This influence became significantly stronger post the issuance of the corporate governance code in Jordan. The findings suggest that the presence of independent directors on the board encourages companies to report additional CSR information as one of the legitimation strategies to manage the expectations of stakeholder groups.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides motivation for regulators and companies to continue to improve board independence effectiveness.

Practical implications

The study supported evidence from prior studies, conducted the developed countries, that legitimacy theory is also applicable in Jordanian companies, which is a developing country. This study contributes to the debate and findings of the literature about governance and CSR reporting, specifically in the Middle East, as well as the potential of future studies in developing countries using a legitimacy theory as the basis for their investigations and motivation. This study provides evidence to motivate regulators and companies to improve, further, board independence effectiveness.

Originality/value

This empirical study has explored the potential influence of board independence on the level of CSR reporting in Jordan for JCGC pre- and post-issuance, which has not been examined previously and the findings for future studies in the Middle East region and other developing countries.
Enhancing small and medium enterprises performance through innovation in Indonesia
Authors: Prima Lita Ratni , Fitriana Faisal Ranny , Meuthia Meuthia
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This study aims to identify the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and organizational culture on organizational innovation and organizational performance among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on the creative industry which is supporting tourism in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative approach was used to distribute questionnaires using a purposive sampling technique to 183 SME’s owners of the creative industry that produce and trade the products directly to the customers. A partial least square (PLS) was conducted to analyze the data.

Findings

Entrepreneurial orientation and organizational culture have a significant effect on innovation, which in turn, influences the performance. Interestingly, innovation does not have a significant influence on performance as well as does not mediate the influence between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance.

Research limitations/implications

The issue of innovation in this study was measured by many indicators that reflected the organizational innovation. Further studies may investigate other specific types of innovation.

Practical implications

Both entrepreneurs and government should establish more technological support, business incubation centers and counseling organizations to encourage performance in the future.

Originality/value

Socio-cultural diversity such as entrepreneurial orientation and natural resources especially the culture of Indonesia can inspire creative industries to continue to innovate and after that can lead them to improve their performance, especially in the tourism area.
Habitus as a value lens to link customer engagement and value cocreation
Authors: Ellway Benjamin Piers William , Dean Alison
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This paper uses practice theory to strengthen the theoretical relationship between customer engagement (CE) and value cocreation (VCC), thereby demonstrating how customers may become engaged and remain engaged through VCC practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a problematization approach to identify shared assumptions evident in service-dominant logic (SDL) and CE research. Practice theory, as a higher-order perspective, is used to integrate the iterative and cyclical processes of VCC and CE, specifically through the theoretical mechanism of habitus.

Findings

Habitus acts as a customer value lens and provides a bridging concept to demonstrate how VCC and CE are joined via sensemaking processes. These processes determine how customers perceive, assess, and evaluate value, how they become engaged through VCC, and how their experience of engagement may lead to further VCC practice. The temporally bound experiences, states, and episodes are accumulated and aggregated through an enduring customer value lens comprised of habituated dispositions, interests, and attitudes.

Research limitations/implications

This work responds to calls for research to strengthen the theoretical link between VCC and CE and to take account of customers' lived realities and their contextualized experiences. A key suggestion for future research is the use of a rope metaphor to stimulate thinking about the complex, temporally unfolding, and interrelated processes of VCC and CE.

Practical implications

The customer value lens and CE rope are introduced to simplify the complex, abstract, theoretical research on VCC and CE for a nonacademic audience. To understand how customers' value lenses are formed and change, and how a CE rope is strengthened, firms, service designers, and practitioners need to understand sensemaking processes through customer narratives and to use platforms and feedback to support and trigger sensemaking.

Originality/value

This paper provides a theoretical mechanism to explain the iterative and cyclical nature of VCC and CE processes and how accumulation and aggregation occur in these processes. In doing so, it demonstrates that CE occurs by virtue of, and is typified by, sensemaking processes that reproduce and shape a customer's habituated value lens, which perceives, assesses, and determines VCC and thus provides a basis for further customer engagement.
News
Authors: Tarran Brian
Published: March 2020

UCL inquiry: Galton, Pearson names should be removed: Committee investigating historical links to eugenics calls for university buildings and lecture theatres to be renamed
The Real Goods and The Oversell
Authors: McDonald Lynn
Published: March 2020

To many, Florence Nightingale is a hero. But like all heroes, elements of her story have been exaggerated. Lynn McDonald, editor of Nightingale's collected works, sorts fact from fiction
Multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption involving all permanent teeth
Authors: Chen Xue , Yu Xijiao , Yan Kaixian , Liu Shuang , Sun Zhaoze , Li Shu
Published: March 2020

Multiple idiopathic external cervical root resorption is a rare condition with numerous predisposing factors that have not yet been clearly elucidated. In addition, its diagnosis and treatment pose challenges for clinicians, and thus, the extraction of the involved teeth is commonly performed. Here, we report a 29‐year‐old pregnant woman with no contributory medical or family/social history who experienced cervical root resorption that progressed aggressively and involved all permanent teeth. This case is unique owing to the involvement of all teeth. Reports of multiple idiopathic external cervical root resorption are rare in the literature, and the pathogenesis of the condition is poorly understood. This report aims to add an additional case to the existing literature, analyse the underlying mechanisms and provide clinicians with some guidance in diagnosing cervical root resorption.
Comparison of tandem ureteral stents, cryoplasty, and cutting balloon ureteroplasty in treatment of refractory transplant ureteral strictures
Authors: Jalaeian Hamed , Talaie Reza , Hunter David W. , Golzarian Jafar , Rosenberg Michael S.
Published: March 2020

The objective of study was to compare clinical outcome of cryoplasty, tandem stents, and cutting balloon ureteroplasty as “bailout procedures” to prevent surgical intervention or stent dependency in renal transplant patients with refractory ureteral stricture. All patients who underwent a bailout procedure from June 11, 2003, to August 8, 2015, at a single institution were reviewed retrospectively. Refractory ureteral stricture was defined as ureteral stenosis not responding to at least two prior percutaneous plain balloon ureteroplasties. Primary patency was defined as stable allograft function following the procedure with unobstructed urine outflow, not requiring indwelling ureteral stent, repeat ureteroplasty, or surgical revision. Sixty‐one procedures were performed on 51 patients. Patients were followed up for a median of 286 days. Overall primary patency rate was 26.1%. Primary patency rate by method was 38.1%, 23.1%, and 14.3% after cryoplasty, tandem stent placement, and cutting balloon dilatation, respectively (P = .260). Primary patency rate was higher in early (<3 months post‐transplant) ureteral strictures (35.7% vs 13.3%; P = .047). More complications identified in patients who had tandem ureteral stents (P = .00754). As some renal transplant patients may not be good operative candidates for ureteral revision, it would be reasonable to attempt one of these “bailout” interventions as long as the clinical team and patient are aware of overall low potential for achieving primary patency.
Development of rapid word–object associations in relation to expressive vocabulary: Shared commonalities in infants and toddlers with and without Williams syndrome
Authors: Ha Oh‐Ryeong , Cashon Cara H. , Holt Nicholas A. , Mervis Carolyn B.
Published: March 2020

Associative word learning, i.e., associating a word with an object, is an important building block of early word learning for TD infants. This study investigated the development of word–object associations by TD infants and infants and toddlers with Williams syndrome (WS), a rare genetic disorder associated with delayed language and cognitive development. The specific reasons for the language delays remain unknown. We investigated whether their early language delay could be related to differences in how word–object associations are formed. Fifty‐nine 11‐ to 14‐month‐old TD infants and thirty‐one 12‐ to 35‐month‐olds with WS were tested on a modified version of the “switch” task (Werker, Cohen, Lloyd, Casasola, & Stager, 1998) using phonetically dissimilar words and novel objects. Infants were classified as word learners or novice word learners based on their expressive vocabularies (greater than 10 words vs. 10 words or fewer). We found similar developmental patterns across both populations: Expressive vocabulary size classification was an important index of the development of word–object associations. Moreover, the development of word–object associations evidenced a domain‐general progression from independent (processing objects separately from words) to integrated (processing associations between words and objects). As a group, word learners formed word–object associations, but novice word learners did not; instead, they focused primarily on the objects. Findings build on previous research suggesting that although early language acquisition is delayed in infants with WS, infants and toddlers with and without WS share a common developmental pattern and set of mechanisms in early word learning.
Protected areas and prime hoverfly areas: Safe haven for hoverflies or not?
Authors: Janković Marina , Miličić Marija , Ačanski Jelena , Vujić Ante
Published: March 2020

The efficiency of protected areas (PAs) has often been questioned due to global decline of biodiversity. Invertebrates, especially insects, have been historically underrepresented in conservation studies. Our study focuses on hoverflies, an important group of insect pollinators and proven to be good bioindicators. Research was focused in Serbia, one of Europe's hotspots of hoverfly diversity, with a long tradition of hoverfly research, which provided sufficient information for achieving our aims: identifying areas of high hoverfly diversity, evaluating the efficiency of PAs and prime hoverfly areas (PHAs) in the conservation of hoverflies, determining how well they cover the distribution of hoverfly species, especially those of conservation concern, and testing the importance of the size of the area for conservation of hoverfly diversity. We applied weighting of the species to help stress the importance of species of conservation concern. The results indicated that PHAs cover the areas with high hoverfly diversity better than PA networks, especially when it comes to species of conservation concern. Generalized linear model results showed that the area size was a significant predictor of number of species in both PA and PHA. This indicates that area size is key when designating new areas important for conservation, but there are also other factors that need to be taken into account, such as habitat quality or suitability. Studies like this are useful in aiding designation of new areas important for conservation of certain species and in identifying sampling gaps, which could potentially aim future research in that direction.
Complex pastern injuries involving the scutum medium in ten horses
Authors: Bergstrom T. , Bass L. , Daglish J. , Moorman V. , Griffin J. , Barrett M.
Published: March 2020

No description of injuries to the equine scutum medium exists in the veterinary literature. The purpose of this case series is to describe the clinical findings, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment and outcome of 10 horses with complex pastern injuries involving the scutum medium. Horses with scutum medium injury presented with septic synovial structures, acute lameness or chronic lameness. In all cases, scutum medium injury occurred with severe tendon, ligament or osseous injuries in the pastern region. The most common comorbidities were proximal interphalangeal joint sepsis, injuries to the straight sesamoidean ligament and/or the superficial digital flexor tendon branches. This case series also highlights that severe injuries to the scutum medium can be associated with proximal interphalangeal joint subluxation. Outcome and treatment are dependent upon concurrent injuries but proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis should be considered. Prognosis for return to athletic function is poor, and return to pasture soundness is guarded.
Polycentric Urban Development and its Determinants in China: A Geospatial Big Data Perspective
Authors: Lv Yongqiang , Lan Zongmin , Kan Changcheng , Zheng Xinqi
Published: March 2020

The urban structure of large Chinese cities has been well researched, but a systematic analysis of polycentric urban development and the determinants of subcenter formation across municipal districts in cities at the prefectural level and above (PLACMD) is lacking. Using geospatial big data and spatial analysis methods, we measure the urban spatial structure of all 294 PLACMDs to determine the polycentric urban structure in China and conduct an exploratory regression analysis of 59 PLACMDs (due to data restrictions) to explore the formation of polycentric cities. Our results suggest that using location‐based data allows for a timelier and more accurate center identification of detailed urban structural features than using other data. Each PLACMD in China has at least one center, and polycentricity is currently the most common urban spatial structure. PLACMDs with higher populations are more polycentric. Compared with the results obtained from large American urban areas, our regression results imply that population alone accounts for most of the variation in the polycentric index and that commuting costs provide a weak explanation of the existence of Chinese PLACMDs. Both economic development and agglomeration economics are associated with the polycentric index. In contrast, the topographical features are statistically nonsignificant in the regression model.
PRIRATE 2020 guidelines for reporting randomized trials in Endodontics: a consensus‐based development
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Duncan H. F. , Bjørndal L. , Kvist T. , Priya E. , Jayaraman J. , Pulikkotil S. J. , Pigg M. , Rechenberg D. K. , Væth M. , Dummer P. M. H.
Published: March 2020

In evidence‐based health care, randomized clinical trials provide the most accurate and reliable information on the effectiveness of an intervention. This project aimed to develop reporting guidelines, exclusively for randomized clinical trials in the dental specialty of Endodontology, using a well‐documented, validated consensus‐based methodology. The guidelines have been named Preferred Reporting Items for RAndomized Trials in Endodontics (PRIRATE) 2020. A total of eight individuals (PD, VN, HD, LB, TK, JJ, EP and SP), including the project leaders (PD and VN) formed a steering committee. The committee developed a checklist based on the items in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines and Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles. A PRIRATE Delphi Group (PDG) and PRIRATE Face‐to‐Face Meeting group (PFMG) were also formed. Thirty PDG members participated in the online Delphi process and achieved consensus on the checklist items and flowchart that make up the PRIRATE guidelines. The guidelines were discussed at a meeting of the PFMG at the 19th European Society of Endodontology (ESE) Biennial congress, held on 13 September 2019 in Vienna, Austria. A total of 21 individuals from across the globe and four steering committee members (PD, VN, HD and LB) attended the meeting. As a consequence of the discussions, the guidelines were modified and then piloted by several authors whilst writing a manuscript. The PRIRATE 2020 guidelines contain a checklist consisting of 11 sections and 58 individual items as well as a flowchart, considered essential for authors to include when writing manuscripts for randomized clinical trials in Endodontics.
Perceptions of inpatients and nurses towards the importance of nurses' caring behaviours in rehabilitation: A comparative study
Authors: Roulin Marie‐José , Jonniaux Sandrine , Guisado Huguette , Séchaud Laurence
Published: March 2020

Aims

This study was conducted to describe and compare nurses' and inpatients' perceptions of caring attitudes and behaviours in rehabilitation.

Methods

A comparative descriptive design was used. Perceptions of caring attitudes and behaviours were compared between 34 nurses working in rehabilitation and 64 elderly patients, using the Caring Nurse Patient Inventory‐23, to explore Watson's carative factors through four dimensions. Patients' and nurses' ratings of importance for each dimension were compared. The study data were collected from 8 November 2017 to 5 May 2018.

Results

Patients' and nurses' responses showed high scores in terms of their perceptions of caring, with nurses having the higher scores, and significant differences were found between patients and nurses. Patients scored items linked to clinical aspects of caring as the most important, whereas nurses scored items linked to humanistic and clinical caring as equally important. Comfort care was considered important for nurses and patients. Both groups considered relational caring items as the least important.

Conclusion

Results show that patients and nurses value clinical aspects of care, which is the visible aspect of care. The Caring Nurse Patient Inventory‐23 is a reliable instrument to measure the nurses' and patients' perception of caring behaviours in rehabilitation.
Understanding Systematic Risk: A High‐Frequency Approach
Authors: PELGER MARKUS
Published: March 2020

Based on a novel high‐frequency data set for a large number of firms, I estimate the time‐varying latent continuous and jump factors that explain individual stock returns. The factors are estimated using principal component analysis applied to a local volatility and jump covariance matrix. I find four stable continuous systematic factors, which can be well approximated by a market, oil, finance, and electricity portfolio, while there is only one stable jump market factor. The exposure of stocks to these risk factors and their explained variation is time‐varying. The four continuous factors carry an intraday risk premium that reverses overnight.
A double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized trial on the effect of hyosine n‐butyl bromide for improving duration of labor in term pregnancies
Authors: Ejikeme Toochukwu Benjamin , Eleje George Uchenna , Igberase Gabriel O. , Ugwu Emmanuel Onyebuchi , Ikwuka David Chibuike , Okpala Boniface Chukwuneme
Published: March 2020

Aim

To compare the effectiveness of intramuscular hyocine n‐butyl bromide (HBB) with placebo for shortening the duration of the first stage of labor in term pregnancies.

Methods

A double blind placebo‐controlled randomized trial of parturients who presented at term in the active phase of labor was conducted. They were randomly (1:1 ratio) given intramuscular injection of either 40 mg (2 mL) of HBB or 2 mL of water for injection as a placebo. The primary outcome measures were the duration of first and second stages of labor. Subgroup analysis of primigravid and multigravid women were also performed for various outcomes. We did intention‐to‐treat analysis.

Results

Sixty‐two women were randomized to each group and none were lost to follow‐up. Baseline characteristics were similar between the HBB and placebo groups. The mean duration of first stage of labor was noted to be significantly shorter in the HBB group for both the primigravidas (246.6 ± 21.9 vs 391.8 ± 56.6 min for control; P < 0.001) and for multigravidas (205.9 ± 17.8 vs 323.8 ± 16.0 min for control;P < 0.001).There was also significantly shorter duration of second stage of labor in the HBB group (primigravida: P = 0.013; multigravida: P = 0.016). The duration of third stage of labor, mode of delivery and maternal and/or neonatal outcomes for both classes of parturients were not significantly different.

Conclusion

HBB is effective in reducing the first and second stages of labor without adverse maternal or neonatal outcome. HBB does not significantly influence the duration of third stage of labor including mode of delivery. More evidence is needed to further explore the potential useful role of HBB in the active phase of labor.
Reemergence of Guadalupe fur seals in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: The epidemiology of stranding events during 2005–2016
Authors: D'Agnese Erin , Lambourn Dyanna , Rice James , Duffield Debbie , Huggins Jessica , Spraker Terry , Raverty Stephen , Kuzmina Tetiana , Grigg Michael E. , Wilkinson Kristin , Jeffries Steven , Smith Woutrina
Published: March 2020

Guadalupe fur seals (GFS), Arctocephalus philippii townsendi, an U.S. Endangered Species Act threatened pinniped, have recently reappeared in their historic range along the western seaboard of the continental United States. Starting 2005 through 2016, 169 GFSs stranded in Washington and Oregon, involving two designated unusual mortality events. The circumstances surrounding GFS strandings, mortality, and their increased presence in Oregon and Washington were analyzed during this study. Detailed necropsies, histopathology (n = 93), and epidemiological analysis found three main causes of death (COD): emaciation (44%), trauma (29%), and infectious disease (19%) and the factors associated with overall strandings and emaciation. Trauma included many cases found associated with fisheries interactions and clustered near the mouth of the Columbia River, where high levels of commercial fishing occur. The most common pathogens found associated with disease were Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis neurona, and gastrointestinal helminths. Seasonality and upwelling were associated with higher stranding numbers regardless of COD. Seasonal migration into the region, coinciding with postweaning, suggests young GFSs are in search of prey and habitat resources. Reemergence of GFSs is likely due to conservation efforts, which have been critical for species recovery in the region. Continued monitoring is needed as this vulnerable species continues to rebound.