bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las drogas bajo la cruz: reflexiones sobre el imaginario católico contemporáneo sobre drogas
Authors: Peña Enrique , Mariotta Rodrigo
Published: March 2022

La Iglesia Católica encabezada por el Papa, es un actor relevante en la consolidación del imaginario católico contemporáneo sobre drogas, que armoniza con las directrices internacionales prohibicionistas que fundamentan las convenciones sobre drogas de la Organización de Naciones Unidas. Comprender la relación político/religiosa entre la institución eclesiástica y el Régimen Internacional de Control de Drogas, resulta en insumos para la toma de decisiones en políticas de drogas. A partir de una revisión documental de textos oficiales en español (traducidos algunos) de los últimos tres periodos papales (1978 y 2020), fueron seleccionados y analizados cuatro documentos centrales que a los ojos de los autores expresan el sustrato epistemológico y axiológico contemporáneo de la Santa Sede frente a las drogas. En base a lo anterior encontramos que es imposible comprender el paradigma prohibicionista sin estudiar la influencia que tiene la religión en su génesis, desarrollo y presente. Por otro lado, que la crisis del sistema prohibicionista y su fracaso estrepitoso, a todas luces evidente, coincide con una creciente secularización por parte de los estados, y con la adopción de políticas públicas y legislativas que históricamente fueron repudiadas por la Iglesia. Finalmente, que el ejercicio que llevamos adelante, puede resultar esencial para desenmascarar estas lógicas y tener mejores herramientas epistemológicas, conceptuales y prácticas para quienes desde la vereda opuesta, trabajamos por una política de drogas que reconozca el placer como central en los consumos, el respeto de la autonomía personal y los derechos humanos de las personas.
Redes de usuários-cultivadores de maconha no Brasil: relações dissidentes com as regras formais e informais
Authors: De Castro Marco Vinicius , Pontes Fraga Paulo Cesar
Published: March 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo entender como os atores que cultivam sua própria maconha para uso social-recreativo se relacionam com as regras formais e informais. A partir de um estudo exploratório, inspirado no método etnográfico, realizado com usuários que cultivam a própria maconha, observa-se que esses atores configuram uma moralidade singular por meio de suas práticas. Do ponto de vista deles, mapeado em entrevistas qualitativas, observamos que esses atores têm suas próprias perspectivas morais e configuram conflitos com regras formais e informais. Vários conflitos morais são estabelecidos entre “nós” e “outros”, sendo que o “nós”, nesta pesquisa, são os atores que cultivam maconha e os “outros” são os sentimentos morais que impregnam as regras formais e informais. Portanto, os cultivadores da própria maconha apresentam uma série de argumentos para justificar por que eles estão certos e seus julgadores estão errados sobre suas práticas.
Aspectos históricos, jurídicos y culturales en torno al consumo de peyote en México
Authors: Tláloc Humberto Mata-Zamor Tláloc Humberto Mata-Zamor
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: revisar algunas relaciones históricas, jurídicas y culturales relacionadas con el consumo del cactus conocido popularmente como peyote (Lophophora williamsii). Se busca mostrar la tensión histórica entre la condena al consumo y su valoración como herramienta espiritual, resaltando como, pese a esa tensión, la cactácea sigue utilizándose actualmente. Esto último, un ejemplo de lo absurdo de las políticas actuales de prohibición de plantas psicoactivas. Se busca remarcar la necesidad de replantearnos dichas políticas que niegan las distintas realidades y formas de consumo. Metodología: análisis bibliográfico de las fuentes relacionadas con el objetivo y la observación participante en ceremonias públicas y privadas de la cultura wixaritari. Conclusión: después de 500 años de condena, religiosa y laica, el peyote sigue siendo un elemento central en la vida de muchos seres humanos. Este texto da cuenta de la importancia cultural de esta planta que no puede reducirse a la concepción vulgar de droga.
Redes criminais, tráfico e consumo de drogas nas periferias de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil (2000-2020)
Authors: De Matos Júnior Clodomir Cordeiro , De Santiago Neto João Pedro
Published: March 2022

O trabalho visa explorar as transformações do mercado varejista de drogas ilegais em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, nos últimos vinte anos e sua importância para a compreensão da figuração criminal que se torna visível no estado a partir de 2014. Privilegiando as representações e experiências dos traficantes varejistas das periferias da capital cearense, através de imersões etnográficas, entrevistas e conversas informais realizadas entre os anos de 2016 e 2019 em quatro bairros da cidade, o artigo destaca para o debate, por um lado, o processo histórico de diversificação da oferta de mercadorias ilegais como um momento decisivo na mudança da lógica de atuação das redes criminais no estado, e, por outro, os ajustamentos e dispositivos de controle que permeiam os engajamentos desses sujeitos no tráfico e consumo de drogas nos bairros periféricos da região Nordeste do Brasil.
Exploring rhetorical moves in a digital academic genre: A cross-disciplinary study of the highlights section
Authors: Akbaş Erdem , Farnia Maryam
Published: March 2022

This cross-disciplinary paper explores the ways in which writers promote their research articles in the highlights section of journals available online as a digital academic genre. A corpus of highlights from 300 research articles was randomly selected from journals in two major domains of knowledge, hard sciences and soft sciences. The corpus contained texts from the fields of (1) Chemistry and (2) Computer Science representing hard sciences and from (3) Linguistics and (4) Management representing soft sciences published in reputable journals in 2018 and 2019. The corpus was analysed in terms of the promotional and rhetorical moves based on a model developed by the researchers using the UAM Corpus Tool. The results show that despite similarities in the use of rhetorical moves, for example, Promoting the results (Move 4) as the most frequently used move in both corpora, there were disciplinary variations in the highlights section. Whereas hard science majors give secondary importance to promoting the value (Move 2) of their research, soft science majors promoted the scene of the study (Move 1) in the highlights. Analyses of the cyclical patterns of the highlights reveal that whereas hard sciences researchers combined promoting the results with promoting the methodological issues (Move 3), soft sciences writers showcased their results as well as promoting background information (Move 1) related to their actual research.
A Qualitative Study of English Language Learners and their Families Navigating School Selection
Authors:   , Petri Sandra , Lee Vera , Zitcer Andrew
Published: March 2022

School choice has shaped decades of education policy in the United States, and advocates claim that it can serve as an equalizer, particularly in urban areas where different schools have access to vastly different resources. As the number of English Language Learners (ELLs) continues to grow, primarily concentrated in urban areas, city school districts must find ways to connect these students to educational opportunities that will allow them to learn and thrive. This qualitative study examines ways that ELLs and their families gather information about the many schooling options available to them in a large Northeastern city. Data was collected via interviews with guidance counselors and English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) teachers, in one district and one charter school, as well as a district-level professional. Using a thematic analysis method to study the interviews, the researcher found that even as ELLs and their families navigate language and culture barriers, these communities have found their own ways to gather information and choose schools within the urban context. Relying heavily on social networks and information gained from others in their communities, families of ELLs share information about school choice in the city. One implication from the study suggests that in order for school choice to truly provide equitable options for all students in the district, deeper issues of resource allocation (between English speaking students and ELLs, and between district and charter schools) must be addressed.
Competencias TIC del docente en época de no presencialidad: Una mirada desde los estudiantes de comunicación social
Authors: Hernandez Suarez Cesar Augusto , Prada Nuñez Raul , Espinel Rubio Gladys Adriana
Published: March 2022

The study aimed to identify the teaching competencies for the development and implementation of ICT based education from the students’ perspective. It is quantitative with a correlational descriptive approach in which the levels of ICT skills are measured using a Likert scale with 27 items in the communicative, technological and pedagogical dimensions. The sample consisted of 606 students enrolled in Social Communication programs at universities located in five different cities in Colombia, of which 27% were men and 73% women. The findings of the study reveal that, from the perspective of the students, their teachers during the time of the pandemic have been competent from the communicative, technological and pedagogical aspects, but they also consider that teachers should be more creative in class, socialize more your research and design good support material. A positive relationship was identified that is not linear, but it is of direct proportionality between them.
Susceptibility of Landslide Embankment, Based on the Maximum Number of Geotextile for Reinforcement
Authors: Sari Putu Tantri Kumala , Fitri Siti Nurlita
Published: March 2022

This aim of this study is to obtain the landslide susceptibility, and the maximum number of reinforcements needed for road embankment. It also aims at verifying the empirical formulation used in the previous research. Based on the value of the safety factor, circular center, resistance moment and other landslide variables, the limit equilibrium method by Bishop simplified, was used to obtain the empirical formulation of the number of reinforcements. The verification process was carried out on an embankment dimension of 8 meter (which is different from the data used in the previous studies). The result obtained indicated that the empirical formulation which was developed to obtain the susceptibility of landslides on road embankment, based on the maximum number of reinforcements is inadequate to generalize all the conditions in the area. This formula is optimal for certain heights and subgrade which are similar to the data used in the other study. The simplification of the previously developed formulation needs to be carried out, in order for it to be used in various field conditions.
VENGA A BAILAR EL ROCK AND ROLL: A FORMAÇÃO DO MERCADO DA MÚSICA JOVEM ARGENTINA ENTRE OS PRIMEIROS ROCKER’S E A NUEVA OLA (1956-1964)
Authors: Antunes de Moraes Karin Helena
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho busca apresentar um levantamento acerca das principais expressões musicais voltadas para a juventude argentina em um período que abarca os anos de 1956 a 1964. Deste modo, o artigo se debruça principalmente sobre os principais eventos detonadores do interesse musical no campo do rock and roll, suas práticas, danças e as articulações com a sociedade do período. O trabalho analisa também a formação de um mercado de consumo juvenil e suas reverberações no cenário da música nacional antes da chegada do chamado “primeiro rock argentino”, movimento privilegiado pela historiografia da música jovem argentina que se inicia entre os anos de 1965 e 1967.
DESBUNDAR É UM ATO POLÍTICO: NOVOS BAIANOS E A DITADURA MILITAR BRASILEIRA
Authors: Gonzaga Caroline , Gatti Soraia
Published: March 2022

Durante a ditadura militar (1964 – 1985) a influência da contracultura internacional chegou ao Brasil e atingiu a juventude a partir de pressupostos revolucionários subjetivos, individuais e culturais. Muitas vezes, a experiência contracultural brasileira foi mediada pela ideia do desbunde: expressão cunhada na década de 1970, por militantes de esquerda, para descrever os “alienados” políticos. Vários artistas foram classificados como desbundados, entre eles o grupo musical Novos Baianos. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar como a postura adotada pela banda representou um enfrentamento político contra a ditadura militar, diferente da ideia proposta pela esquerda do período. Para tal, serão utilizadas as considerações de Pierre Ansart sobre as paixões políticas que servirão como um norte para a leitura das fontes escolhidas: o documentário Novos Baianos Futebol Clube e o livro Novos Baianos: a história do grupo que mudou a MPB.
Numerical Modeling Tools and S-derivatives
Authors: Morozov Anatoly Nikolaevich
Published: March 2022

Numerical study of various processes leads to the need of clarification (extensions) of the limits of applicability of computational constructs and modeling tools. For dynamical systems, this question may be related with a generalization of the concept of a derivative, which keeps the used constructions relevant. In this article we introduce the concept of weak local differentiability in a space of Lebesgue integrable functions and consider the consistency of this concept with such fundamental computational constructions as the Taylor expansion and finite differences, as well as properties of functions with a given type of differentiability on a segment. The function f from L₁[a; b] is called S-differentiable at the point x₀ from (a; b), if there are coefficients c and q, for which fx₀x₀+h (f (x) - c - q·(x-x₀)) dx = o(h²). Formulas are found for calculating the coefficients c and q, coefficients c and q, which are conveniently denoted fₛ(x₀) and fₛ ˊ(x₀) respectively. It is shown that if the function f belongs to W₁ⁿ⁻¹[a; b], n is greater than 1, and the function f⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ is S-differentiable at the point xₒ from (a; b), then f is approximated by a Taylor polynomial with accuracy o((x-xₒ)ⁿ), and the ratio of Δⁿₕ(f, xₒ) to hⁿ tends to fₛ⁽ⁿ⁾(xₒ) as h tends to 0. Based on the quotient Δⁿₕ (f, ·) and hⁿ, a sequence is built {Ʌₘⁿ [f]} piecewise constant functions subordinate to partitions segment [a; b] into m equal parts. It is shown that for the function f from W₁ⁿ⁻¹[a; b], for which the value is defined f ₛ⁽ⁿ⁾(xₒ), { Ʌₘⁿ [f] (xₒ)} converges to f ⁽ⁿ⁾(xₒ) as m tends to infinity, and for f from Wₚⁿ[a; b] the sequence { Ʌₘⁿ [f] } converges to f⁽ⁿ⁾ in the norm of the space Lₚ [I]. The place of S-differentiability in practical and theoretical terms is determined by its bilateral relations with ordinary differentiability. It is proved that if f belongs to W₁ⁿ⁻¹[I] and the function f⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ is uniformly S-differentiable on I, then f belongs to Cⁿ[f]. The constructions are algorithmic in nature and can be applied in numerically computer research of various relevant models.
A Avaliação da Aprendizagem na Modalidade de Educação a Distância: Caracterização sob a Égide de uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Soares Simone , Massuga Flávia , Gonzaga Carlos Alberto Marçal
Published: March 2022

Este estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar a avaliação na educação a distância (EaD) enquanto parte do processo de ensino aprendizagem. Com auxílio da ferramenta Methodi Ordinatio foram selecionados e analisados 15 estudos nasbases de dados da Capes, da ScienceDirect e da Scopus. Os achados denotam desafios ainda existentes no processo avaliativo da EaD, bem como revelam a necessidade de um comportamento autorregulador da parte discente, de avaliaçõesque atendam às particularidades dos alunos e de feedbacks que auxiliem no monitoramento do aprendizado. De um modo geral, a avaliação na educação a distância tem se demonstrado promissora, no entanto, ainda são evidenciados poucos estudos que consideram a eficácia de instrumentos avaliativos em ambientes virtuais.
Palavras-chave: Educação a distância. Avaliação do aluno. Ambiente virtual.
Фармацевтический рынок в России: изменение цен оригинальных препаратов в присутствии Дженериков
Authors: Копылова Е.Д.
Published: March 2022

Актуальность темы обусловлена тем, что фармацевтический рынок в нашей стране сейчас находится под влиянием разного рода неблагоприятных факторов. Конкурентоспособность отечественной продукции невысока, к тому же многие препараты из перечня жизненно необходимых и важнейших лекарственных средств не производятся в России. Основная часть лекарств, производимых в Российской Федерации - дженерики, чтобы минимизировать затраты на разработку и производство инновационных продуктов.
AGROECOLOGIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL SUSTENTÁVEL: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A EXPERIÊNCIA DE ESTÁGIO NO SINDICATO DE TRABALHADORES E TRABALHADORAS RURAIS
Authors: Santos Liliane Martins dos , Carvalho Tássia Caroline Santos de , Campos Gleisy Vieira
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo destaca as Práticas agroecológicas, Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável e Articulações do SINTRAF. Assim, pretende verificar a contribuição da (re) construção do viveiro e de um aviário no Sindicato de Campo Formoso para o processo de produção agropecuária, preservação e geração de renda dos associados. Quanto à metodologia, propõe-se a utilização da pesquisa-intervenção como princípio, desenvolvendo uma abordagem qualitativa. Desse modo, os objetivos foram atingidos com êxito, visando a finalização das atividades propostas e identificação da relevância dessas práticas para os diretores do sindicato, materializando-se em um cenário de troca de saberes, experiências e conhecimentos para todos os envolvidos. Portanto, foi possível realizar desse momento, um link de encontros, entre alunos em formação e gestores que estão atuando no processo das questões sindicais já algum tempo, concretizando desta ação uma verdadeira formação em serviço.Palavras-chavePráticas agroecológicas; Pesquisa-intervenção; Produção Agropecuária; Pesquisa participativa.
AGREGAÇÃO DE VALOR NUTRICIONAL E SENSORIAL EM RAPADURAS
Authors: Djalou Joseph , Borges Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro , Ichola Maessarath Sara , Medeiros Simone Daniela Sartori de , Verruma-Bernardi Marta Regina
Published: March 2022

O estudo teve como objetivo agregar valor nutricional e sensorial em rapaduras. Foram utilizadas cinco formulações utilizando caldo de cana-de-açúcar: sem adição de ingrediente (A); com amendoim (B), com coco (C), com gengibre (D) e com gergelim (E). As rapaduras foram analisadas quanto à composição química, aceitação e intenção de compra. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância univariada. A adição de ingredientes na rapadura apresentou efeito positivo no valor nutricional e sensorial. O estudo demonstrou que é possível agregar valor nutricional às rapaduras e obter uma boa aceitação das mesmas.Palavras-chaveenriquecimento, composição química, aceitação, cana-de-açúcar.
PRODUÇÃO DA CULTURA DA SOJA EM CONSÓRCIO COM A Urochloa brizantha CV. BRS PIATÃ SOB DIFERENTES DENSIDADE E ÉPOCA DE SEMEADURA
Authors: Mata Jhansley Ferreira , Lemus Eduardo Andrea Erasmo , Siebeneichler Susana Cristine , Korasaki Vanesca , Martins Heytor Lemos
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e produção da cultura da soja transgênica em consórcio com diferentes densidades de Urochloa brizantha cv BRS Piatã. O experimento foi realizado na safra agrícola de 2009/10, na fazenda experimental da UFT, Campus Gurupi-TO. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizado, em esquema fatorial de 2X5, com quatro repetições. A semeadura da U. brizantha cv. BRS Piatã ocorreu em duas épocas, correspondendo a 20 e 30 dias, após a emergência da soja, com cinco densidades (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 kg de semente ha-1). Foram avaliados aos 35, 50, 65 e 80 dias após o plantio: altura de planta; diâmetro do caule; massa seca da parte aérea e peso de 100 grãos. Todas as densidades de semeadura de U. brizantha cv. BRS Piatã em consórcio com a cultura da soja acarretaram a redução do crescimento e da produtividade da cultura da soja, considerando a diminuição de até 5% da produtividade, deve-se utilizar densidade de até 4 kg ha-1. As variáveis de soja mais afetadas pela presença da U. brizantha cv. Piatã em ordem decrescente foram massa seca da parte aérea, altura, diâmetro do caule, produtividade e peso de 100 grãos. Recomenda-se para uma menor perda de produtividade e melhor crescimento da soja RR, observando a competição interespecífica, o agropecuarista deve semear a braquiária Piatã aos 30 dias após a emergência da soja e na densidade de até 4 kg ha-1.
Diagnostic significance of the determination of streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in the urine of children with community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Safiullin T. R. , Nurmieva E. R. , Vakhitov Kh. M.
Published: March 2022

Community-acquired pneumonia remains an urgent problem in modern pediatrics. Taking into account the variety of pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia, an important task is to identify the etiology of this disease rapidly. Early diagnostics is able to increase the effectiveness of treatment and exclude the irrational prescription of antibacterial drugs or the formation of resistable microflora. Traditional methods of etiotropic diagnostics do not always meet such criteria as timeliness, minimal invasiveness, and simplicity of reproduction. Meeting these requirements is especially important in pediatric practice due to the difficulty of venous access, collection of spontaneous or induced sputum and negative childhood denial reaction to invasive manipulation. Recently, active efforts have been made to identify the early markers con-firming the etiology of pulmonary inflammation, while the criteria for timeliness and non-invasiveness are met by methods for determining pathogen antigens in accessible media such as saliva and urine.Considering the fact that Streptococcus pneumoniae remains one of the main causative agents of pneumonia, its testing is of great practical importance. This article presents an overview of modern methods of etiotropic diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and the results of our own study of the effectiveness of detecting pneumococcal antigens in urine using express tests. Attention is focused on the use of minimally invasive methods for identifying the pathogen in practical pulmonology. Evaluation of the effectiveness of rapid testing was carried out in comparison with the results of bacterial sputum culture for pneumococcus. The analysis of the obtained results showed the high sensitivity and specificity of the Alere Binax Now test when checking the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children.
Karolina Kocięcka – latająca diablica czy anioł na rowerze?
Authors: Czajka Anna
Published: March 2022

Karolina Kocięcka była pionierką sportu kołowego na ziemiach polskich na przełomie dziewiętnastego i dwudziestego wieku. Urodzona w 1875 roku w Warszawie, wychowana „po męsku” przez braci, mając kilkanaście lat zaczęła jeździć na rowerze. Wiele czasu spędzała na Dynasach, w siedzibie Warszawskiego Towarzystwa Cyklistów, gdzie przypatrywała się wyścigom panów. W 1894 roku pierwszy raz uczestniczyła w zawodach z mężczyznami pod Warszawą, które ku zdziwieniu wszystkich wygrała. W 1897 roku podjęła nieudaną próbę stworzenia „Klubu cyklistek” w Warszawie. W tym samym roku zajęła pierwsze miejsce w pierwszym wyścigu szosowym damskim na dystansie 25 wiorst. Swoich sił probowała w zmaganiach o prestiżowy tytuł Mistrza Królestwa Polskiego (1898). W 1900 roku stanęła do rywalizacji z mężczyznami na odcinku Moskwa – Petersburg, który uchodził w tych czasach za ekstremalny (650 wiorst). W tym samym roku udała się na swoim rowerze na Światową Wystawę Przemysłową do Paryża. W 1901 roku biła rekordy na 50 i 100 wiorst. Wyczynem godnym podziwu było przemierzenie trasy Petersburg – Warszawa – Moskwa, której odległość wynosiła 5227 wiorst. W 1903 roku panna Karolina wyjechała do Paryża, gdzie uzyskała prawo jazdy. Mimo odniesionych sukcesów, słuch o niej zaginął. Poniższy artykuł ma na celu przypomnienie tej wspaniałej kobiety.
Ubiór jako narzędzie buntu, czyli zmiany kobiecego stroju w XX wieku
Authors: Szymczak Agata
Published: March 2022

Ubranie kobiety pełniło i pełni nadal funkcje stricte użytkowe, ale stanowi także przekaźnik treści o charakterze ideowym, kulturowym i rewolucyjnym. Wiek XX szczególnie mocno zapisał się w historii mody jako czas wielkich zmian i przełomowych zjawisk, które wiążą się z emancypacją kobiet. Ubiór stanowi potężne narzędzie socjotechniczne i może wpływać na zachowania nawet wielkich mas ludzkich. Moda jest jedną z niewielu dziedzin, których rozwój w tak wyraźny sposób uwidacznia cechy charakterystyczne współczesności, a może nawet kierunek, w jakim ona zmierza. Rezygnacja z gorsetu, koniec monopolu mężczyzn na noszenie spodni, uczynienie bielizny najważniejszym elementem garderoby, pojawienie się damskiej torebki – to tylko niektóre z przełomowych momentów, których znaczenia dla walki z konwenansami i normami obyczajowymi nie sposób przecenić. Moda i zmiany, jakim ona podlega, stanową interesujący przykład przemiany rzeczywistości przez kobiety niepokorne, zbuntowane i reformatorki. Na zmiany w kwestii kobiecego ubioru mają wpływ nie tylko wielkie wizjonerki i projektantki, ale także zwykłe kobiety, które podejmują wyzwanie i jako pierwsze w swoim środowisku łamią dotychczasowe zwyczaje i konwenanse, przekraczają obowiązujące normy.
Idea ofiary u Simone Weil
Authors: Płazińska Agata
Published: March 2022

Autorka omawia ofiarę, jaką z samej siebie złożyła Simone Weil. Głównym celem autorki artykułu jest wykazanie, iż idea ofiary była najważniejszą myślą w życiu francuskiej filozof. W artykule ukazano myśl o ofierze w życiu i pismach intelektualistki, jak również analogie, które rzucają nowe światło na ofiarę Weil. Jako klucz do interpretacji i zrozumienia ofiary Weil, autorka analizuje myśl Emmanuela Levinasa oraz Józefa Tischnera.
​Understanding the Potential of Livestock Market with Special Reference to the Export of Swine Meat from India: A Study of Time-series Analysis using ARIMA-based Forecasting Method
Authors: Jaiswal Priyanka , Bhattacharjee Mahua
Published: March 2022

Background: The increasing demand of swine meat, both for local consumption and for export,can be taken as an opportunity for increased revenue and foreign exchange. Since north east India is considered as the hub of pork market in India, an attempt is made to study the current trend of export of swine meat from India and forecasting the same for the next decade. Methods: Six different ARIMA models were fitted to the time- series data pertaining to the period 2003 to 2019 for the export of annual swine meat (fresh, chilled or frozen). The forecasting of future annual meat export value in leading 10 years is done using the best model with higher accuracy. Result: The most fitted model (1,0,1) out of other models (1,1,0), (2,0,2), (1, 2, 1), (1,1,1) and (1,1,2) suggests the positive trend of annual swine meat export from India. It is anticipated to grow at 6.54 units from 2020 to 2029 as compared to 1.45 units from the last decade (2010-2019). The commercialisation of piggery sector can be a vital source for sustainable livelihood, for doubling the farmer’s income and for an enterprise building.
The phenomenon of conscious childlessness in the conditions of transformation of family and marriage relations
Authors: Kobleva Zuret
Published: March 2022

One of the modern trends of Russian society is the conscious refusal of childbearing, called conscious childlessness, which is gaining popularity at the present time. The transformation of the institution of the family and family-marriage relations contributes to the revision of traditional family values, which inevitably lead to the emergence of a system of individual values with the possibility of personal self-realization, forming in people's minds stable ideas about the decline in the social significance of the values of childbearing and parenthood, associated, among other things, with significant changes in the gender display, determining the nature and extent of conscious rejection of childbearing by gender, revealing the extent of the spread of this social phenomenon in the conditions of modern society.In many ways, this is facilitated by the level of education of modern women, who, along with men, have equal opportunities to achieve a high level of professional and career growth, forming stable ideas about the importance of personal self-realization over the value of childbearing, which entails a serious transformation of the reproductive behavior of a modern woman focused on giving up having children. At the same time, the nature of social attitudes and the motivation of conscious childlessness have pronounced individual characteristics and depend on the value preferences of the individual. The purpose of this study is caused by a serious scientific interest in the problem of conscious childlessness in modern conditions, which is the result of deep transformational processes in the field of family and marriage relations.In accordance with this goal, the following tasks are set: to analyze the value system that influences the formation of the phenomenon of conscious childlessness in modern conditions; to consider the main reasons for the conscious refusal of childbearing; to identify the degree of influence of professional growth of a person on the choice of conscious childlessness at the present stage.It should be noted that the phenomenon of conscious childlessness does not always cause negative emotions on the part of society, forming a loyal attitude to childless families, as a manifestation of a certain social norm reflecting the new format of family and marriage relations in the conditions of transformation of the institution of the modern family.
Taphonomic bias in preservation and representativeness of skeletal samples (a case of Gonur Depe)
Authors: Kufterin V.V. , Sataev R.M. , Dubova N.A.
Published: March 2022

The topic of this article is theoretical and practical issues underlying the problems of representativeness of skeletal samples, as well as age and sex biases in preservation of skeletal remains, and the impact of these fac-tors on paleodemographic reconstructions. The impact of taphonomic bias in preservation on the qualitative and quantitative composition of skeletal sample is discussed on the materials from Gonur Depe — a Bronze Age proto-urban center in Southern Turkmenistan (2500–1500 BC, BMAC — Bactria-Margiana archaeological com-plex, also referred to as Oxus Civilization). The analyzed sample consists of skeletal remains of 500 individuals (215 non-adults, 115 adult males and 170 adult females) excavated between 2008 and 2015. Based on the type of preservation of skeletal remains, their completeness, as well as the preservation index (computed for each individual by dividing the number of long bones present by 14 — their maximum number per individual), three preservation classes were identified, of which class 1 corresponds to poor, and class 3 — to good state of preser-vation. Comparison of sex and age groups per each preservation class using сhi-square test demonstrates that in the Gonur Depe skeletal remains of infants (0–4 years old) and young adults (under 35 years of age) show the best state of preservation. Skeletons of elderly adults (over 35 years of age) have the worst state of preservation. There are no statistically significant differences between sexes in the degree of bone preservation. On the one hand, these results, contrary to theoretical expectations, testify against the existence of taphonomic biases in preservation of infant and female skeletons. On the other hand, the underrepresentation of elderly individuals in the studied collection is probably explained by a decrease in resistance to taphonomic processes due to the ac-celerated loss of bone calcium. It has been concluded that age and sex-related biases in the demographic struc-ture of prehistoric skeletal samples cannot be universally explained by the preservation factor. Misrepresentation in the percentage of different age and sex groups is a non-linear and a complicated process that requires consid-eration of different factors affecting the qualitative and quantitative composition of a particular skeletal sample. A detailed assessment of the taphonomic characteristics of a studied skeletal collection should be a mandatory step prior to its analysis by paleodemographic methods.
“Death discarded”: desemantization of death and new understanding of a man in the early USSR
Authors: Sokolova A.D.
Published: March 2022

In this article we explore the evolving concept of death and dying in the Soviet political project. The discur-sive practices of the new state in the field of death and body disposal have been analyzed based on materials from journalism, fiction, memoirs and diaries, archival data and other sources on the history of the early USSR (1920–1930). It has been shown how the concept of creation of a new world and a new Soviet man, the founda-tions of which were laid in the materialist Marxist approach, transformed the deep understanding of human nature. Discarding the metaphysical interpretation of the immortal nature of man, the Bolshevik ideology destroyed the established principles of understanding of human mortality, without offering anything new in exchange. Thus, the traditional logic of the practice of dealing with death, which worked as an effective adaptive mechanism for reas-sembling society in the face of natural loss of its members (A. van Gennep, R. Hertz, Davies D.), was violated. In a situation of confusion caused by the loss of the usual semantics of death and funeral practices, the ideologues of the new government made a number of attempts to build new mechanisms of adaptation. One of them was the project of a new civil funeral ritual, reflected in the journalism of the 1920s, although it did not receive widespread distribution. Another practice was the construction of symbolic immortality through the concept of “life in the me-mory of descendants” reflected both in the literature of socialist realism and in real practices. However, the con-cept of “living in the memory of descendants” was relevant only for few members of the new society, who could be referred to as “Soviet heroes”. It was an elite political practice that could hardly act as a reassembly mechanism for the entire society. In this situation, ordinary deaths and funerals were thrown to the periphery, having lost the ideological and practical attention of the state.
Paleogenomic research in the context of modern Biomolecular Archaeology
Authors: Dobrovolskaya M.V. , Kunizheva S.S. , Andreeva T.V. , Rogaev E.I.
Published: March 2022

Biomolecular Archaeology is a newly formed field of archaeological science. The 9th International Sympo-sium on Biomolecular Archaeology was held in June 2021 in Toulouse (France) with the participation of almost 500 delegates. Such conferences were originally organized in the beginning of the 21st c. for regular discussion the most relevant topics and the latest achievements in biomolecular archaeology. Thus, the materials of the symposium appear as a representative reflection of the processes taking place in modern science. Paleogenomics being one of the most actively developing components of biomolecular archaeology. The proposed review presents the most stri-king, in our opinion, reports on the topic, which enables understanding of the potential and prospects of modern pa-leogenomic research. Conclusions based on the results of paleogenomic studies are crucially important for the study of population formation, which makes it essential to comply with the rules of parity comprehensive research, which have been reflected in the publication of the basic ethical rules for organizing such studies.
Developing an Extended Virtual Blade Model for Efficient Numerical Modeling of Wind and Tidal Farms
Authors: Radfar Soheil , Kinaoush Bijan
Published: March 2022

The Virtual Blade Model (VBM) is the implementation of the Blade element model (BEM). This was done by coupling the Blade Element Momentum theory equations to simulate rotor operation with the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation to simulate rotor wake and the turbulent flow field around it. Exclusion of actual geometry of blades causes lower computational cost (about 10 to 100 times). Also, due to simplifications in the meshing procedure, VBM is easier to set up than the models that consider the actual geometry of blades. One of the main unaddressed limitations of the VBM code was the constraint of modeling up to ten rotor zones within one computational domain. This paper provides a detailed and well-documented general methodology to develop a virtual blade model for simulation of ten-plus turbines within one computational domain to remove the limitation of this widely used and robust code. It is strongly believed that the technical contribution of this paper, combined with the current sky-rocketing advancement of available computational resources and hardware, would open the gates to simulate various engineering problems in the field of aerospace, clean energy, and many more.
Wind Turbine Pitch Actuator Regulation for Efficient and Re-liable Energy Conversion: A Fault-Tolerant Constrained Control Solution
Authors: Habibi Hamed , Howard Ian , Simani Silvio
Published: March 2022

Motivated for improving the efficiency and reliability of wind turbine energy conversion, this paper presents an advanced control design that enhances the power regulation efficiency and re-liability. The constrained behaviour of the wind turbine is taken into account, by using the barrier Lyapunov function in the analysis of the Lyapunov direct method. This, consequently, guarantees that the generated power remains within the desired bounds to satisfy the grid power demand. Moreover, a Nussbaum-type function is utilized in the control scheme, to cope with the unpre-dictable wind speed. This eliminates the need for accurate wind speed measurement or estimation. Furthermore, via properly designed adaptive laws, a robust actuator fault-tolerant capability is integrated into the scheme, handling the model uncertainty. Numerical simulations are performed on a high-fidelity wind turbine benchmark model, under different fault scenarios, to verify the effectiveness of the developed design. Also, a Monte-Carlo analysis is exploited for the evaluation of the reliability and robustness characteristics against the model-reality mismatch, measurement errors and disturbance effects.
Identification and Distribution of Human-Biting Ticks in Northwestern Spain
Authors: Vieira Lista María Carmen , Belhassen-García Moncef , Vicente Santiago María Belén , Sánchez-Montejo Javier , Pedroza Pérez Carlos , Monsalve Arteaga Lía Carolina , Herrador Zaida , del Álamo-Sanz Rufino , Benito Agustin , Soto López Julio David , Muro Antonio
Published: March 2022

Ticks drive a wide diversity of pathogens to a great variety of hosts, including humans. We conducted a tick surveillance study in northwestern Spain between 2014 and 2019. Ticks were removed from people and were identified. Tick numbers, species, development stages, evolution over time, seasonal and geographical distribution, and epidemiological characteristics of people bitten by ticks were studied. We collected ticks from 8143 people. Nymphs of Ixodes ricinus were the most frequently collected. Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l), Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Haemaphysalis punctata were also found, with adults as the main stage. Hyalomma spp. and R. bursa have been progressively increasing over time. Although bites occurred throughout the year, the highest number of incidents were reported from April to July. The distribution patterns of the tick species were different between the north and the south of the region, which was related to cases detected in humans of the pathogens they carried. Adult men were more likely to be bitten by ticks than women. Ticks were most frequently removed from adults from the lower limbs, while for children they were mainly attached to the head. Epidemiological surveillance is essential given the increase in tick populations in recent years, mainly of species potentially carrying pathogens causing emerging diseases in Spain, such as the Crimean Congo Hemorraghic Fever (CCFH).
El desarrollo local y los sistemas de encadenamientos productivos en el sur de Tlaxcala, México
Authors: Jiménez Márquez María del Pilar
Published: March 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las formas de encadenamientos que se generan entre los agentes productivos, agentes socioculturales y agentes político administrativos a nivel local, identificando la importancia que tienen sus contribuciones para la coexistencia de la comunidad, así como las necesidades fundamentales que enfrentan las comunidades locales para articularse o encadenarse. Evidenciando algunos elementos locales que han subsistido y que contribuyen para promover el desarrollo local, desde el estudio de 19 municipios del sur estado de Tlaxcala. A través de la investigación realizada a las unidades económicas locales de tamaño micro de los sectores industria, comercio y servicios, como a las autoridades municipales, mediante el uso de las metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa, llevándonos a cuestionar si hay posibilidad para el desarrollo local en los países como el nuestro.
Osseous Morphological Differences in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Siddiqi Ahmed , Anis Hiba , Borukhov Ilya , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Improved understanding of the morphological characteristics of knees with osteoarthritis (OA) and various deformities can enable personalized implant positioning and balancing in total knee arthroplasty in an effort to continue improving clinical outcomes and optimizing procedural value. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to outline morphological differences in the medial and lateral distal femur and proximal tibia associated with varus and valgus deformities in knee OA.

Methods:

A large computed tomography (CT) database was used to identify 1,158 knees, which were divided into normal and osteoarthritic groups; the latter was further divided on the basis of deformity into neutral, varus, and valgus subgroups. Morphological measurements included the non-weight-bearing hip-knee-ankle angle (nwHKA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), rotation of the posterior condylar axis (PCA) relative to the surgical transepicondylar axis (sTEA), ratio of medial to lateral posterior condylar offset, ratio of medial to lateral condylar radius, medial posterior slope (MPS), lateral posterior slope (LPS), medial coronal slope (MCS), and lateral coronal slope (LCS).

Results:

Compared with the normal group, the OA group was in overall varus (nwHKA, −2.2° ± 5.0° compared with −0.2° ± 2.4°) and had a significantly smaller MPS (8.4° ± 4.0° compared with 9.2° ± 4.0°), larger LPS (9.2° ± 3.6° compared with 7.2° ± 3.3°), and smaller MCS (82.1° ± 4.3° compared with 83.9° ± 3.3°). Differences among the OA subgroups were also observed for the MCS and LCS. Compared with the normal group, the sTEA of the OA group was less externally rotated relative to the PCA (0.3° ± 1.5° compared with 1.2° ± 1.9°), and both the condylar offset ratio (1.01 ± 0.06 compared with 1.04 ± 0.07) and the condylar radius ratio (0.98 ± 0.07 compared with 1.03 ± 0.07) were smaller. Only the condylar radius ratio showed differences among the OA subgroups, with valgus deformity associated with a larger ratio.

Conclusions:

An analysis of CT scans of 965 healthy and 193 osteoarthritic knees revealed significant differences in PCA, condylar offset, and condylar radius as well as tibial slope in both the sagittal and coronal planes.

Clinical Relevance:

There is a strong need to evolve toward a more personalized treatment for osteoarthritic knees that utilizes implants and technology to help tailor total knee arthroplasty on the basis of the patient’s morphologic characteristics.
Minimally Invasive Iliac Screw Insertion: Clinical Case Series and Technical Note
Authors: Srikantha Umesh , Lokanath Yadhu K , Hari Akshay , Somasundar Deepak , Varma Ravi Gopal
Published: March 2022

Objective: Iliac screw fixation has numerous indication and techniques. To describe the technique of minimally invasive screw insertion of the iliac screw by freehand and navigated iliac screw placement using intraoperative image guidance.Methods: Bilateral iliac screws were inserted in a total of seven patients. Five patients underwent navigation guided iliac screw placement and the freehand technique was used in 2 patients. Results: A total of 7 patients underwent minimally invasive iliac screw fixation in our series. The pathology in 4 of the cases was spondylodiscitis, among them 2 cases each at L5-S1 and L4-L5, one with the destruction of L5 vertebral body and the other with the destruction of both L4 and L5 vertebral bodies. Of the remaining cases, two cases had sacral insufficiency fracture and the last case was implant failure after L2-L5 oblique lumbar fusion. None of the cases required conversion to open procedure and none had wound or hardware related complications till the last follow-up. All patients had an uneventful post-operative period with improvement in pain scores and were mobilized on the 1st postoperative day. One 50-year-old female patient suffering from L5-S1 tubercular spondylodiscitis died due to underlying chronic kidney disease three months post-surgery. Conclusion: Minimal invasive iliac screw placement with or without navigation offers the same biomechanical stability as the open approach but without the need for extensive soft tissue exposure needed for a conventional/open procedure; thereby reducing exposure-related complications and enhancing post-operative recovery and early mobilization. Incorporating intra-operative 3D navigation provides real-time multi-planar images which help in easy planning and safe screw placement whilst reducing radiation exposure.
A Novel Technique of the Full Endoscopic Interlaminar Contralateral Approach for Symptomatic Extraforaminal Juxtafacet Cysts
Authors: Kim Hyeun Sung , Kim Ji Yeon , Lee Dong Chan , Lee Jun Hyung , Jang Il-Tae
Published: March 2022

Objective: Extraforaminal juxtafacet cyst is rare and present a surgical challenge due to its anatomical location. This study aimed to introduce the surgical technique of interlaminar contralateral endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (ICELF) for extraforaminal juxtafacet cyst removal and reveal its approach-related benefits.Method: The endoscope was docked on the ipsilateral spinolaminar junction and access the contralateral foraminal area through the contralateral sublaminar space created by the fine drilling. As the foraminal was enlarged by foraminal ligament removal and the superior articular process drilling, the endoscope was introduced deeper to the extraforaminal area without violation of the foraminal disc. Combined foraminal stenosis was also resolved while exploring the foraminal space. Subsequently, the extraforaminal cyst was safely and entirely removed while exposing the cyst-nerve root adhesion site with an endoscopic view looking up obliquely.Results: Radiating pain in the right leg, back pain, leg hypesthesia, and ankle weakness improved. Conclusion: ICELF for the treatment of extraforaminal JFC can be an alternative surgical method to resolve symptomatic foraminal stenosis and the cyst simultaneously. The endoscopic system moves parallel to the exiting nerve root during ICELF, facilitating clear visualization of the cranial-dorsally or cranial-ventrally located extraforaminal JFCs. The entire cyst contour and the site of cyst-nerve root adhesion can be detected without nerve root retraction, and meticulous dissection is possible without violating the cystic wall.