Pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik terkait pencegahan penyakit demam berdarah
Authors: Nopratilova Nopratilova , Budiastuti Rizky Farmasita , Adina Anugerah Budipratama , Lestari Ika , Imanda Radita Cahya 
Published: January 2025

Background: Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with dengue virus from dengue sufferers. Transmission of this disease is influenced by several factors, including lack of public knowledge about dengue fever, low levels of education and awareness, and limited access to health services, especially in remote areas.
Purpose: To evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices related to dengue fever prevention.
Method: Used a cross-sectional design with data collection via online questionnaires. A total of 101 JGU students participated in this research. The questionnaire includes statements about knowledge about dengue fever, attitudes towards prevention, and prevention practices implemented. Data were analyzed using Kruskall Wallis' descriptive and non-parametric statistics to see the relationship between faculty influence and the level of knowledge about dengue fever.
Results: The majority were aged 18-22 years (75.2%) and female (73.3%). Based on knowledge about dengue fever, 98.0% of respondents understood that insecticide spray can reduce mosquitoes and 99% knew that removing stagnant water can prevent mosquito breeding. Regarding the symptoms of dengue fever, 97.0% of respondents knew that high fever for 2-7 days is a common symptom and 84.2% recognized rash as a symptom. However, understanding of dengue transmission through direct contact could be further improved. Based on attitudes, 78.2% of respondents agreed that they had carried out various dengue prevention activities and 64.4% wanted to help reduce cases in their area. Based on practice, 69.3% of respondents used mosquito repellent lotion or spray and 60.4% cleaned the bathtub at least once a week. Kruskall Wallis analysis showed no significant difference in the level of knowledge about dengue fever between students from various faculties (H < 5.991).
Conclusion: Knowledge, attitudes and practices have an influence in controlling and preventing dengue fever and there are no significant differences in the distribution of students' knowledge levels between the three faculties.
 
Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever; Prevention; Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP).
 
Pendahuluan: Penyakit DBD ditularkan oleh gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus yang terinfeksi virus dengue dari penderita DBD. Penularan penyakit ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, termasuk kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang DBD, rendahnya tingkat pendidikan dan kesadaran, serta akses terbatas ke layanan kesehatan, terutama di daerah terpencil.
Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik yang terkait dengan pencegahan demam berdarah.
Metode: Penelitian desain cross-sectional dengan pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner online. Sebanyak 101 mahasiswa Universitas Global Jakarta berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Kuesioner mencakup pernyataan tentang pengetahuan mengenai DBD, sikap terhadap pencegahan, dan praktik pencegahan yang diterapkan. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan non-parametrik Kruskall Wallis untuk melihat hubungan pengaruh fakultas terhadap tingkat pengetahuan tentang DBD.
Hasil: Mayoritas berusia 18-22 tahun (75.2%) dan berjenis kelamin perempuan (73.3%). Berdasarkan pengetahuan tentang demam berdarah, 98.0% responden memahami bahwa semprotan insektisida dapat mengurangi nyamuk dan 99% mengetahui bahwa pembuangan genangan air dapat mencegah perkembangbiakan nyamuk. Mengenai gejala demam berdarah, 97.0% responden mengetahui bahwa demam tinggi selama 2-7 hari adalah gejala umum dan 84.2% mengenali ruam sebagai gejala. Namun, pemahaman mengenai penularan DBD melalui kontak langsung dapat diedukasi lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan segi sikap, 78.2% responden setuju bahwa mereka telah melakukan berbagai kegiatan pencegahan demam berdarah dan 64.4% ingin membantu mengurangi kasus di daerah mereka. Berdasarkan praktik, 69.3% responden menggunakan lotion atau semprotan pengusir nyamuk dan 60.4% membersihkan bak mandi setidaknya sekali seminggu. Analisis Kruskall Wallis menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam tingkat pengetahuan tentang DBD antara mahasiswa dari berbagai fakultas (H < 5.991).
Simpulan: Pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik memiliki pengaruh dalam pengendalian dan pencegahan penyakit demam berdarah dan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan dalam distribusi tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa antara ketiga fakultas.
 
Kata Kunci: Demam Berdarah; Pencegahan; Pengetahuan; Praktik; Sikap.