bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of health care disparities on procedure selection of autologous breast reconstruction in Florida
Authors: Huayllani Maria T. , Torres-Guzman Ricardo A. , Avila Francisco R. , Advani Pooja P. , Spaulding Aaron C. , Cochuyt Jordan J. , Nguyen Minh-Doan T. , Lu Xiaona , Rinker Brian D. , Forte Antonio J.
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION: Disparities in access to reconstructive surgery after breast cancer have been reported. We aim to evaluate demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing type of autologous breast reconstruction in Florida. METHODS: We queried the Florida Inpatient Discharge Dataset to evaluate disparities in type of autologous breast reconstructive surgery between January 1, 2013, and September 30, 2017. Patients 18 years of age or older were included. Women younger than 65 years old on Medicare were excluded. Patients were categorized into three groups according to type of autologous reconstruction: latissimus dorsi pedicled flap (pedicled flap), free flap, or pedicled flap with implant (combined flap). Demographic and socioeconomic variables were evaluated. 𝜒2 and Mann–Whitney tests were used to estimate statistical significance. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to find independent associations. RESULTS: Our results showed higher odds of reconstruction with free flap in Hispanic patients (odds ratio (OR), 1.66; 95% CI, 1.32–2.09; P < 0.0001) and patients with comorbidities (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.23–1.71; P < 0.0001). However, patients treated in Central and South Florida were less likely to undergo free flap than combined and pedicled flap reconstructions compared with those treated in North Florida (P < 0.05). Patients insured by Medicaid and Medicare were less likely to undergo free flap than combined or pedicled flap reconstruction compared to patients with private insurance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified that race, region, insurance, and comorbidity are factors associated with type of autologous breast reconstruction in Florida.
Development and validation of stemness associated LncRNA based prognostic model for lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Chatterjee Annesha , Khadirnaikar Seema , Shukla Sudhanshu
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of studies are indicating that the stemness phenotype is a critical determinant of the Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patient’s response. Thus, it is crucial to identify novel biomarkers for stemness determination. OBJECTIVE: Here, we aim to develop a robust LncRNAs based prognostic signature with a stemness association for the LUAD patients. METHODS: RNA-seq and clinical data were downloaded from the existing database. The data were analysed using Cox regression, KM-plot, GSEA, and T-test. RESULTS: Initially, we used the TCGA dataset to characterize the stemness phenotype in LUAD. The commonly expressed LncRNAs in TCGA and MCTP cohort were then used as input for the Cox-regression analysis. The top three LncRNAs were selected to build a prognostic model, which was the best prognosticator in multivariate analysis with stage and previously published prognosticators. The characterization of poor surviving patients using various analysis showed high stemness properties and low expression of differentiation markers. Furthermore, we validated the prognostic score in an independent MCTP cohort of patients. In the MCTP cohort, prognostic score significantly predicted survival independent of stage and previous prognosticators. CONCLUSION: Taken together, in this study, we have developed and validated a new prognostic score associated with the stemness phenotype.
Establishment of a resazurin-based aortic valve tissue viability assay for dynamic culture in a microphysiological system
Authors: Dittfeld C. , Winkelkotte M. , Behrens S. , Schmieder F. , Jannasch A. , Matschke K. , Sonntag F. , Tugtekin SM.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND/AIM: Tissue pathogenesis of aortic valve (AV) stenosis is research focus in cardiac surgery. Model limitations of conventional 2D culture of human or porcine valvular interstitial/endothelial cells (VIC/VECs) isolated from aortic valve tissues but also limited ability of (small) animal models to reflect human (patho)physiological situation in AV position raise the need to establish an in vitro setup using AV tissues. Resulting aim is to approximate (patho)physiological conditions in a dynamic pulsatile Microphysiological System (MPS) to culture human and porcine AV tissue with preservation of tissue viability but also defined ECM composition. MATERIALS/METHODS: A tissue incubation chamber (TIC) was designed to implement human or porcine tissues (3×5 mm2) in a dynamic pulsatile culture in conventional cell culture ambience in a MPS. Cell viability assays based on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-release or resazurin-conversion were tested for applicability in the system and applied for a culture period of 14 days with interval evaluation of tissue viability on every other day. Resazurin-assay setup was compared in static vs. dynamic culture using varying substance saturation settings (50–300μM), incubation times and tissue masses and was consequently adapted. RESULTS: Sterile dynamic culture of human and porcine AV tissue segments was established at a pulsatile flow rate range of 0.9–13.4μl/s. Implementation of tissues was realized by stitching the material in a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-ring and insertion in the TIC-MPS-system. Culture volume of 2 ml caused LDH dilution not detectable in standard membrane integrity assay setup. Therefore, detection of resazurin-conversion of viable tissue was investigated. Optimal incubation time for viability conversion was determined at two hours at a saturated concentration of 300μM resazurin. Measurement in static conditions was shown to offer comparable results as dynamic condition but allowing optimal handling and TIC sterilization protocols for long term culture. Preliminary results revealed favourable porcine AV tissue viability over a 14 day period confirmed via resazurin-assay comparing statically cultured tissue counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Human and porcine AV tissue can be dynamically cultured in a TIC-MPS with monitoring of tissue viability using an adapted resazurin-assay setup. Preliminary results reveal advantageous viability of porcine AV tissues after dynamic TIC-MPS culture compared to static control.
Assessment of breast cancer primary tumor material in a 3D in vivo model
Authors: Kohl Cynthia , Aung Thiha , Haerteis Silke , Papathemelis Thomas
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women and highly heterogeneous with a variety of different molecular subtypes. The analysis of the individual tumor biology is necessary to develop a specific and individualized treatment plan for every patient. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, a 3D-in-vivo-tumor-model, could potentially provide a methodology that facilitates the gain of additional information regarding the tumor biology as well as the testing of the tumor’s individual sensitivity to different therapies. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to establish the grafting of different breast cancer primaries onto the CAM for tumor profiling and the investigation of different parameters. METHODS: Breast cancer primary tissue of different patients was grafted onto the CAM. Subsequently, 3D volume and perfusion measurements were performed during the engraftment period. Histological analyses of the tumors were carried out after the engraftment period. RESULTS: The grafting of the breast cancer primaries onto the CAM was successful. The tumors remained partially vital and displayed angiogenic development on the CAM. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer primary material can be grafted onto the CAM and we observed visible and measurable changes of perfusion over time.
CT diagnostics of pulmonary embolism: Does iodine delivery rate still affect image quality in iterative reconstruction?
Authors: Burdenski Thomas , Bressem Keno K. , Adams Lisa C. , Grauhan Nils F. , Niehues Stefan M.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Computed tomographic (CT) imaging in suspected pulmonary artery embolism represents the standard procedure. Studies without iterative reconstruction proved beneficial using increased iodine delivery rate (IDR). This study compares image quality in pulmonary arteries on iteratively reconstructed CT images of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism using different IDR. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1065 patients were included in the study. Patients in group A (n = 493) received an iodine concentration of 40 g/100 ml (IDR 1.6 g/s) and patients in group B (n = 572) an iodine concentration of 35 g/100 ml (IDR 1.4 g/s) at a flow rate of 4 ml/s. A 80-detector spiral CT scanner with iterative reconstruction was used. We measured mean density values in truncus pulmonalis, both pulmonary arteries and segmental pulmonary arteries. Subjectively, the contrast of apical and basal pulmonary arteries was determined on a 4-point Likert scale. RESULTS: Radiodensity was significantly higher in all measured pulmonary arteries using the increased IDR (p < 0.001). TP: 483.0 HU vs. 393.4 HU; APD: 452.1 HU vs. 372.1 HU; APS: 448.2 HU vs. 374.4 HU; ASP: 443.9 vs. 374.4 HU. Subjectively assessed contrast enhancement in apical (p = 0.077) and basal (p = 0.429) lung sections showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: Higher IDR improves objective image quality in all patients with significantly higher radiodensities by iterative reconstruction. Subjective contrast of apical and basal lung sections did not differ. The number of non-sufficient scans decreased with high IDR.
Relationship of Laser-Doppler-Flow and coronary perfusion and a concise update on the importance of coronary microcirculation in donor heart machine perfusion
Authors: Saemann Lars , Großkopf Anne , Hoorn Fabio , Veres Gábor , Guo Yuxing , Korkmaz-Icöz Sevil , Karck Matthias , Simm Andreas , Wenzel Folker , Szabó Gábor
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Machine perfusion (MP) is a novel method for donor heart preservation. The coronary microvascular function is important for the transplantation outcome. However, current research on MP in heart transplantation focuses mainly on contractile function. OBJECTIVE: We aim to present the application of Laser-Doppler-Flowmetry to investigate coronary microvascular function during MP. Furthermore, we will discuss the importance of microcirculation monitoring for perfusion-associated studies in HTx research. METHODS: Porcine hearts were cardioplegically arrested and harvested (Control group, N = 4). In an ischemia group (N = 5), we induced global ischemia of the animal by the termination of mechanical ventilation before harvesting. All hearts were mounted on an MP system for blood perfusion. After 90 minutes, we evaluated the effect of coronary perfusion pressures from 20 to 100 mmHg while coronary laser-doppler-flow (LDF) was measured. RESULTS: Ischemic hearts showed a significantly decreased relative LDF compared to control hearts (1.07±0.06 vs. 1.47±0.15; p = 0.034). In the control group, the coronary flow was significantly lower at 100 mmHg of perfusion pressure than in the ischemia group (895±66 ml vs. 1112±32 ml; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Laser-Doppler-Flowmetry is able to reveal coronary microvascular dysfunction during machine perfusion of hearts and is therefore of substantial interest for perfusion-associated research in heart transplantation.
Can we reduce psychosomatic symptoms and work presenteeism with physical activity?
Authors: Petrovčič Andreja , Erčulj Vanja , Boštjančič Eva
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:

Past studies have tended to consider the relationships between presenteeism, physical activity and psychosomatic symptoms in a partial manner and not as a whole.

OBJECTIVE:

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between physical activity, psychosomatic symptoms and presenteeism, in order to increase the visibility of presenteeism and promote workplace health.

METHODS:

Two questionnaires (Patient Health Questionnaire and Work Limitations Questionnaire) with a set of physical activity questions were administered on the sample of 514 employees.

RESULTS:

The results showed a statistically significant relationship between presenteeism and some variables of physical activity, as well as between presenteeism and psychosomatic symptoms. Further results showed a statistically significant association between psychosomatic symptoms and some variables of physical activity. General evaluation (adequacy) of physical activity, and lack of general, aerobic physical activity proved to be important predictors of presenteeism, while general, aerobic physical activity also predicted psychosomatic symptoms. Analysis of the results revealed that psychosomatic symptoms moderate the relationship between physical activity and presenteeism.

CONCLUSIONS:

The article points out that employees with health problems have a lower percentage of productive time than healthy employees. However, developing an active lifestyle can be a cost-effective measure to cope with presenteeism and promote psychophysical health among employees.
Effects of three 8-week strength training programs on jump, speed and agility performance in prepubertal children
Authors: Jaimes Diego A.R. , Petro Jorge L. , Bonilla Diego A. , Cárdenas Johanny G. , Duarte Ailin O. , Contreras Dennis
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:

Supervised strength training has been shown to promote physiological adaptations in children and youth that can be beneficial to the process of physical growth and developed, and general health status.

METHODS:

Sixty-three children (9.2 [Formula: see text] 0.5 years old) were randomly assigned to training groups: multi jumps (MJ) ([Formula: see text] 20), sled towing (ST) ([Formula: see text] 21), or uphill running (UR) ([Formula: see text] 22). The following tests were applied before and after each intervention: vertical jump (ABK, CMJ, SJ), standing broad jump (SBJ), velocity/agility 4 [Formula: see text] 10 m, and 20 m sprint test (ST[Formula: see text]).

RESULTS:

After 8 weeks of training, statistically significant changes were found in all study variables for all groups, but with different effect sizes. In the ABK jump, the largest effect size was observed in UR (1.40, 0.97–1.85), while in ST and MJ it was medium (0.67, 0.44–0.98 and 0.48, 0.17–0.82, respectively). Similarly, the effect size in the SJ jump was large for the UR and ST groups (1.10, 0.78–1.51 and 1.30, 0.98–1.64, respectively) and medium in MJ (0.56, 0.24–0.97). However, the magnitude of the effect registered in SBJ was large in MJ (0.80, 0.55–1.15) and medium in UR and ST (0.56, 0.32–0.86 and 0.64, 0.42–1.013, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

All three training programs improve jumping and velocity/agility performance but based on clinical significance, UR and ST methods can be considered more efficient to improve physical performance in children.
Opening doors to discovery: Partnerships are key to advancing open science
Authors: Peeters Frank Vrancken
Published: August 2021

The evolution of scholarly communications has accelerated in recent years, and 2020 for obvious reasons put even more pressure on the sector to evolve and adapt. By opening up access to research publications, by simplifying or customising the digital experience, or by improving the speed of publishing – the focus is firmly placed on the need for publishers to work more in partnership with each other, with institutions, funders, and new players in the market to develop solutions that meet the evolving needs of researchers and the wider community. Partnerships between different actors in the research process address challenges in practice and help advance open science, publishing, and the research system as a whole.
ABA accelerates blackberry (Rubus spp.) fruit ripening by positively affecting ripening-related gene expression and metabolite profiles
Authors: Zhang Chunhong , Wu Yaqiong , Xiong Zhenghao , Li Weilin , Wu Wenlong
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: The softness of blackberry fruits limits their postharvest shelf-life and commercial use, and abscisic acid (ABA) is considered one of the key hormones involved in fruit ripening. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the underlying physiological and molecular actions of ABA on blackberry fruit ripening and softening. METHODS: Various physiological indices of and plant hormone levels in treated and untreated blackberry fruits were determined simultaneously. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by RNA-sequencing, and their expression profiles were detected. The ripening mechanism was elucidated by UHPLC-MS using two groups of fruits at 28 d. RESULTS: After 25 d, the ABA concentration and polygalacturonase (PG) and beta-1,4-endoglucanase (EG) activities in ABA-treated fruits were significantly higher than those in untreated fruits. Large differences in the expression profiles were detected at 28 d. The expression of DEGs related to cell wall softening and ABA synthesis was largely triggered after 25 or 28 d. Sixty-nine differentially accumulated metabolites were ultimately annotated as related to fruit ripening. CONCLUSIONS: ABA stimulates blackberry fruit ripening by promoting cell wall enzyme activities, the expression of various ripening-related genes and metabolite accumulation.
A Machine learning-based prediction model for the heart diseases from chance factors through two-variable decision tree classifier
Authors: Wang Y. , Chu Y.M. , Khan Y.A. , Khan Z.Y. , Liu Q. , Malik M.Y. , Abbas S.Z.
Published: August 2021

This paper addressed the prediction of heart sicknesses from hazard elements through a decision-making tree. We introduced the facts mining technique in public fitness to extract high-degree knowledge from raw data, which facilitates predicting heart diseases from risk factors and their prevention. The existing work intends to introduce a new risk element in heart diseases using novel data mining strategies. Latest actual international affected person’s information (e.g., smoking, area of residence, age, weight, blood stress, chest pain, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), block arteries became accrued by way of the use of questionnaire through direct interview technique from patients. Novel two-variable decision trees are constructed for coronary heart illness records primarily based on chance factors and ranking of risk elements. The results show a correct prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) from the risk factor if records on chance factors are available as direct results of this study, tobacco, loss of physical exercise, and weight-reduction plan play a vital role in predicting heart diseases, which is the most important reason for mortality in developing countries, especially in my country.
Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation support for neonatal vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: Case report
Authors: Abrahan D. , Yeaney N.K. , Hamzah M.A. , Bain M.D. , Najm H.K. , Latifi S.Q. , Agarwal H.S.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: The vein of Galen aneurysm (VGAM) is the most common type of arteriovenous malformation in the neonate. These neonates commonly present with high output cardiac failure that may be associated with pulmonary hypertension. The medical management and stabilization of these neonates can be challenging before staged transarterial embolization of the aneurysm is undertaken. CASE: A 2.34 kilogram neonate, antenatally diagnosed to have VGAM, was born at 36 weeks of gestation for fetal distress. The neonate failed to respond to medical management including inotropes, high frequency mechanical ventilation and inhaled nitric oxide. The patient’s high-output heart failure and persistent pulmonary hypertension were stabilized with veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) using central cannulation. Further transarterial staged embolization of the VGAM was undertaken on VA-ECMO support. CONCLUSION: There may be a role of VA-ECMO using central cannulation to optimize management of high output cardiac failure and persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonatal VGAM patients who fail medical management to facilitate staged transarterial embolization of the VGAM.
Single channel photoplethysmography-based obstructive sleep apnea detection and arrhythmia classification
Authors: Chen Xiang , Huang Jiahao , Luo Feifei , Gao Shang , Xi Min , Li Jin
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Simplified and easy-to-use monitoring approaches are crucial for the early diagnosis and prevention of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its complications. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the OSA detection and arrhythmia classification algorithms based on single-channel photoplethysmography (PPG) are proposed for the early screening of OSA. METHODS: Thirty clinically diagnosed OSA patients participated in this study. Fourteen features were extracted from the PPG signals. The relationship between the number of features as inputs of the support vector machine (SVM) and performance of apnea events detection was evaluated. Also, a multi-classification algorithm based on the modified Hausdorff distance was proposed to recognize sinus rhythm and four arrhythmias highly related with SA. RESULTS: The feature set composed of meanPP, SDPP, RMSSD, meanAm, and meank1 could provide a satisfactory balance between the performance and complexity of the algorithm for OSA detection. Also, the arrhythmia classification algorithm achieves the average sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 83.79%, 95.91% and 93.47%, respectively in the classification of all four types of arrhythmia and regular rhythm. CONCLUSION: Single channel PPG-based OSA detection and arrhythmia classification in this study can provide a feasible and promising approach for the early screening and diagnosis of OSA and OSA-related arrhythmias.
The human-AI scoring system: A new method for CT-based assessment of COVID-19 severity
Authors: Liu Mingzhu , Lv Weifu , Yin Baocai , Ge Yaqiong , Wei Wei
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Chest computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in the diagnosis and assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of an artificial intelligence (AI) scoring system for radiologically assessing the severity of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chest CT images of 81 patients (61 of normal type and 20 of severe type) with confirmed COVID-19 were used. The test data were anonymized. The scores achieved by four methods (junior radiologists; AI scoring system; human-AI segmentation system; human-AI scoring system) were compared with that by two experienced radiologists (reference score). The mean absolute errors (MAEs) between the four methods and experienced radiologists were calculated separately. The Wilcoxon test is used to predict the significance of the severity of COVID-19. Then use Spearman correlation analysis ROC analysis was used to evaluate the performance of different scores. RESULTS: The AI score had a relatively low MAE (1.67–2.21). Score of human-AI scoring system had the lowest MAE (1.67), a diagnostic value almost equal to reference score (r= 0.97), and a strongest correlation with clinical severity (r= 0.59, p< 0.001). The AUCs of reference score, score of junior radiologists, AI score, score of human-AI segmentation system, and score of human-AI scoring system were 0.874, 0.841, 0.852, 0.857 and 0.865, respectively. CONCLUSION: The human-AI scoring system can help radiologists to improve the accuracy of COVID-19 severity assessment.
Early prediction of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence and identification of disease persistence using PSA isoforms and human kallikrein-2
Authors: Do Carmo Silva Joana , Vesely Stepan , Luksanova Hana , Prusa Richard , Babjuk Marko
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:

The role of isoforms of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and other kallikrein-related markers in early detection of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) is not well known and serum PSA is currently used in preoperative risk nomograms.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this research was to study pre- and early postoperative levels of important PSA isoforms and human kallikrein-2 to determine their ability to predict BCR and identify disease persistence (DP).

METHODS:

This study included 128 consecutive patients who underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer. PSA, fPSA, %fPSA, [–2]proPSA, PHI and hK2 were measured preoperatively, at 1 and 3 months after RP. We determined the ability of these markers to predict BCR and identify DP.

RESULTS:

The DP and BCR rate were 11.7%and 20.3%respectively and the median follow up was 64 months (range 3–76 months). Preoperatively, the independent predictors of BCR were PSA ( p-value 0.029), [–2]proPSA ( p-value 0.002) and PHI ( p-value 0.0003). Post-RP, PSA was the single marker correlating with BCR, both at one ( p-value 0.0047) and 3 months ( p-value 0.0004). PSA, fPSA, [–2]proPSA and PHI significantly correlated to DP at 1 and 3 months post-RP ( p-value <  0.05), although PSA had the most significant existing correlation ( p-value <  0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

[–2]proPSA and PHI are preoperative predictors of BCR and DP that outperform the currently used serum PSA. At the early postoperative period there is no additional benefit of the other markers tested.
Theory of planned behavior as a conceptual framework for the willingness to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic: A regional cross-sectional study
Authors: Issrani Rakhi , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Due to an unavailability of a vaccine, one of the efficient methods to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is by applying self-isolation (SI). Hence there is an urgent need to investigate the factors leading to an individuals’ willingness to choose to self-isolate. OBJECTIVES: The current study utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual model and aimed to investigate the extent to which subjective norms, personal attitudes and perceived control influences an individual’s willingness to self-isolate during COVID-19 risk. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed on 800 Saudi respondents aged≥18 years by using a validated self-administered questionnaire about factors related to willingness to self-isolate during COVID-19 pandemic risk based on the TPB. The effects of different variables on SI were analyzed by using ordinal logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 756 (94.5%) were completed and analyzed. Subjective norms and perceived control over the behavior significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the intention of willingness to self-isolate, while attitude was found to be insignificant. The odds of letting others to know about self COVID status were 2.40 times higher than not telling the neighbors or colleagues. A statistically significant difference (p≤0.001) existed between males and females regarding the willingness to self-isolate. Similarly the odds of willingness to self-isolate with a presence of disabled person in family were 2.88 times higher than the absence of a disability in the family. Few recommendations for the policymakers that are needed to curb the spread of COVID-19 infection are also proposed. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of study might be considered as an initial understanding of the factors that significantly influences an individual’s willingness to SI when facing an unprecedented pandemic risk. Additionally, these factors provide a plan for policymakers to encourage citizens for self-isolation during pandemic infections.
El rol docente en la nueva virtualidad: Un debate sobre la formación de destrezas jurídicas en el contexto actual
Authors: Puebla Fortunato Cristian
Published: August 2021

Encontramos dos olas que marcan a la enseñanza del derecho. La primera, es la transición de la enseñanza memorística a la de destrezas. Mientras que, la segunda, es atravesada por el traspaso de lo analógico a lo virtual. El objetivo es reflexionar y vislumbrar las nuevas oportunidades del contexto.
Nouveaux taxons et synonymies dans le groupe de Liptena opaca (Kirby, 1890) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Poritiinae)
Authors: Libert Michel
Published: August 2021

New taxa and synonymies in the group of Liptena opaca (Kirby, 1890) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Poritiinae). A lectotype of Liptena opaca (Kirby, 1890) is designated, and the status of three of its subspecies are revised: ugandana Stempffer, Bennett & May, 1974, is raised to specific rank, centralis Stempffer, Bennett & May, 1974, is synonymized with L. opaca gabunica, and sankuru Stempffer, Bennett & May, 1974, becomes a subspecies of L. albomacula Hawker-Smith, 1933. Liptena ouesso Stempffer, Bennett & May, 1974, is synonymized with L. immaculata Grünberg, 1910. Six new species are described, four from Cameroon (L. arnouxi n. sp., L. laguerrei n. sp., L. mariae n. sp. and L. perconfusa n. sp.), one from eastern Nigeria (L. brophyi n. sp.), and one species (L. restricta n. sp.) as well as a new subspecies (L. immaculata orientis n. ssp.) from north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Bevezetés: nyelvészeti etnográfia és antropológia
Authors: Bodó Csanád
Published: August 2021

A nyelvészeti etnográfiai és antropológia kortárs szövegeit közreadó válogatás bevezetője azokat a csomópontokat helyezi középpontjába, amelyekben a különböző megközelítések, elméleti viszonyulások és empirikus tapasztalatok összeérnek. A bevezető a terület néhány újabb fejleményét az indexikalitás, a heteroglosszia, az interdiszkurzivitás, a regisztrálás és a diszkurzusok körforgásának koncepciójával összefüggésben tárgyalja.
PERANG DAGANG ERA DONALD TRUMP SEBAGAI KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI ADAPTIF CONVULSIVE AMERIKA SERIKAT
Authors: Arisanto Puguh Toko , Adi Wibawa
Published: August 2021

Abstract:

The U.S-China trade war began after U.S under Donald Trump era raised import tariffs on thousands of China’s products. The policy was retaliated by China with a similar policy. The trade war took place in three rounds starting from July 2018 to September 2019. This paper seeks to analyze factors that influence U.S to issue such a policy triggering the trade war. The article adopted theory of adaptive foreign policy model. Following this theory, authors argued that U.S policy of raising import tariffs that triggered the trade war was a convulsively adaptive foreign policy reflecting significant changes in both external and internal environment. First, it can be seen from External Change Variable, namely, the emergence of China as a new superpower. Second, Structural Change variable showed U.S political structure change from Democrats to Republicans along with Trump's victory in the 2016 Presidential Election. Finally, the leadership factor was Trump's negative perception of China before serving as president.

Keywords: trade war, convulsively adaptive, external change, structural change, leadership factor.

Abstrak:

Perang dagang AS dan Tiongkok diawali dengan kebijakan AS di era Donald Trump yang menaikkan tarif impor atas ribuan produk asal Tiongkok. Kebijakan tersebut dibalas oleh Tiongkok dengan kebijakan yang serupa. Perang dagang tersebut berlangsung dalam tiga ronde dari Juli 2018 hingga September 2019. Tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi AS mengeluarkan kebijakan tersebut sehingga memicu perang dagang. Penulis menggunakan teori model kebijakan luar negeri adaptif. Berdasarkan teori tersebut, penulis menemukan bahwa kebijakan AS menaikkan tarif impor yang memicu perang dagang merupakan kebijakan luar negeri adaptif convulsive yang berarti terdapat perubahan signifikan baik di lingkungan ekstenal maupun internal. Pertama, dilihat dari variabel External Change yaitu kemunculan Tiongkok sebagai negara adidaya baru. Kedua, dilihat dari variabel Structural Change yaitu perubahan struktur politik AS dari Partai Demokrat ke Partai Republik seiring dengan kemenangan Trump pada Pilpres 2016. Terakhir, yakni leadership factor berupa persepsi negatif Trump terhadap Tiongkok sebelum menjadi presiden.

Kata Kunci: perang dagang, adaptif convulsive, external change, structural change, leadership factor.
La autonomía económica de las mujeres para una recuperación transformadora con igualdad en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Bárcena Alicia
Published: August 2021

La desigualdad de género es históricamente un rasgo estructural en América Latina y el Caribe que limita la autonomía económica de las mujeres y se expresa en una distribución desigual entre mujeres y hombres del poder, los recursos, la riqueza, el trabajo y el tiempo. Este trabajo analiza el impacto de la crisis provocada por la pandemia del COVID-19, en la autonomía económica de las mujeres en América Latina y el Caribe. El texto concluye con medidas de corto, mediano y largo plazo en diferentes sectores y áreas, orientadas a una recuperación transformadora con sostenibilidad y con igualdad, desde los aportes de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe.
El rol del análisis de género en la reducción de los sesgos algorítmicos
Authors: Degli-Esposti Sara
Published: August 2021

El análisis recogido en este artículo estudia el papel del análisis de género en combatir los sesgos algorítmicos derivados de la falta de inclusión y visibilidad de la mujer tanto en los macrodatos (big data) como en los algoritmos de inteligencia artificial (IA). Al fin de analizar esta problemática, se estima el número de mujeres matriculadas en áreas de estudios relacionados con la informática, la ingeniería y la ciencia de datos y se analizan las barreras a la interdisciplinariedad que pueden facilitar la difusión de sesgos algorítmicos y limitar el progreso de la economía digital.
Female Entrepreneurial Activity in Emerging Economies: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Aljarodi Abdullah , Rialp Alex , Urbano David
Published: August 2021

This study reviews systematically the existing literature on female entrepreneurial activity in emerging economies. The paper reviews articles included in the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). Based on the main findings, the literature considers three levels of analysis: micro-individual, meso-organizational, and macro-environmental. The results show that the macro-environmental level has perceived higher attention from scholars, while several studies have incorporated the other levels of analysis.
Термін «прийняти закон» як негативний мовно-соціальний феномен
Authors: Demchenko  V. M.
Published: August 2021

У статті доведено, що термін «прийняти закон / рішення» не лише порушує лексико-семантичну систему української мови як пряма калька з російської, але й становить негативний феномен у соціальному вимірі, адже хоча є семантично нелогічним, проте використовується досвідченими мовцями, зокрема й професійними риторами. Найбільшу небезпеку цей феномен виявляє на рівні законодавства, де зазначений термін вживається в усіх державних документах, і хоча всі розуміють цю помилку, але несвідомо використовують саме його.
Метою статті є доведення нелогічності та неорганічності терміна «прийняти закон», зокрема його складника – дієслова прийняти – на рівні наукового мовлення та законодавства України. Наведено й деякі аналогічні кальковані форми, що порушують лексико-семантичну структуру української мови.
Наукова новизна полягає в обґрунтуванні понять «зайве стилістичне розмежування» та «тиражування калькованих форм» у контексті мови законодавства України; у додатковому маркуванні російськомовних кальок ще й як складників негативного мовно-соціального феномену, який полягає в незрушності стереотипів колоніального мислення під впливом метрополійної мови (у нашому разі – російської); у визначенні семантичної невідповідності калькованого терміна позначуваному ним поняттю з урахуванням українських лінгвістичних особливостей і традицій.
Висновки. Норми Правопису української мови повинні мати обовʼязковий характер, виконуватися категорично, незважаючи на будь-яку тривалу традицію чи звичку. Такими традиційними помилками є численні кальковані з російської мови форми, зокрема проаналізовані в цій статті моделі «приймати…» та «…правовий», що становлять таким чином негативний феномен, адже використовуються багато років учителями й науковцями, політиками й публіцистами.
Перша з них є семантично неоднозначною, адже дієслово приймати позначає в такому контексті фізичну дію прийняття документа в руки, що порушує головний принцип термінології – однозначність терміна. Друга модель безпосередньо порушує правило, визначене у Правописі, підручниках і посібниках з української мови, за яким такі слова мають писатися разом, а не з дефісом (тобто публічноправовий, а не публічно-правовий). Отже, в першій моделі потрібно використовувати дієслово узгоджувати, що позначає комплекс підготовки – затвердження – упровадження документа, а дієслово приймати має бути взагалі виведено з наукової термінології. Друга модель потребує обговорення щодо написання разом, але однозначно варіант із дефісом має бути сприйнятий як помилка й порушення законів української мови.
Забезпечення безпеки та правопорядку органами місцевого самоврядування: сучасний стан та шляхи врегулювання
Authors: Ladychenko  V. V. , Gulac  O. V. , Danyliuk  Yu. V.
Published: August 2021

Мета статті. У статті досліджується питання сучасного стану забезпечення органами місцевого самоврядування безпеки та правопорядку в територіальних громадах. Науковому дослідженню присвячено аналіз законодавства щодо утворення органами місцевого самоврядування муніципальних правоохоронних утворень, а також юридичні підстави їх існування на сучасному етапі, правовий статус таких утворень та шляхи врегулювання цього питання в правовому полі держави.
Наукова новизна. Науковою новизною є акцентування уваги на вирішенні актуальної проблеми врегулювання в законодавстві питання утворення, правового статусу, компетенції та взаємовідносин муніципальних правоохоронних утворень з органами Національної поліції та держави загалом, з метою запобігання, у першу чергу, дублюванню таких повноважень у процесі їх діяльності.
Висновки. Підсумовуючи всі результати дослідження, у висновках наведено обґрунтовані пропозиції щодо найменування муніципальних правоохоронних утворень, визначення їхньої територіальної та предметної юрисдикції, встановлення рівноправних взаємовідносин по відношенню один до одного місцевих правоохоронців та співробітників Національної поліції. Запропоновано також надати муніципальним правоохоронним утворенням єдиний правовий статус виконавчих органів місцевого самоврядування, а їхніх співробітників прирівняти до посадових осіб місцевого самоврядування. Щодо форми управління муніципальними правоохоронними утвореннями, – звернуто увагу на варіанті виборного керівника такого органу, що надасть їм певну автономність по відношенню до голів громад, але під подвійним контролем та підзвітністю як місцевій раді, так і органам державної виконавчої влади, таким, як Міністерство внутрішніх справ України, Державне бюро розслідувань, місцеві державні адміністрації, а в перспективі, – префектам.
Сучасні проблеми та перспективи удосконалення Конституції України
Authors: Myshchak  I. M.
Published: August 2021

Метою статті є виокремлення тих проблемних і дискусійних положень, які або не були остаточно вирішені під час ухвалення Основного Закону, або потребують змін з огляду на сучасний стан розвитку держави та суспільства.
Наукова новизна полягає в аналізі конституційних норм і думок фахівців та виокремленні тих положень Конституції України, які потребують змін або уточнення в сучасних умовах трансформації політичної та правової системи України.
Висновки. Більшість фахівців-конституціоналістів погоджується, що потенціал чинної Конституції України не вичерпано, вона продовжує успішно діяти й забезпечує основи державного правопорядку та гарантії захисту прав людини і громадянина. Окремі критичні зауваження на адресу Основного Закону пов’язані не стільки з його нормами, скільки з політичною кон’юнктурою. Крім того, не ухвалено ряд законів, прямо передбачених Конституцією України, багато законів не приведено у відповідність до її норм, що істотно впливає на якість сприйняття самого Основного Закону, як і неналежний рівень виконання його положень не лише громадянами, а й органами державної влади та місцевого самоврядування, низький рівень правосвідомості та правової культури. Всі ці фактори в цілому посилюють громадську думку про необхідність реформування конституційних норм і вирішення таким чином назрілих правових проблем.
Особливістю внесених до Конституції змін є те, що вони фактично відображають політичні та суспільні настрої, однак належним чином не відпрацьовані фахівцями-правниками, що створює чергові приводи для невдоволення окремими змінами. Варто відзначити, що в Україні практично весь період незалежності діяли спеціальні комісії, створені для фахового опрацювання змін до Основного Закону. Проте ні Національна Конституційна Рада, ні Конституційна Асамблея, ні Конституційна комісія, ні, навіть, нинішня Комісія з питань правової реформи так і не затвердили остаточного варіанту напрацьованих ними змін.
Окремі проблемні положення Конституції України, зокрема щодо статусу Криму, питань мови, державних символів, землі, були очевидними ще під час її ухвалення, однак прописані як компромісні. Крім того, за роки незалежності суспільний розвиток держави висунув на порядок денний ще ряд важливих аспектів, які можуть стати предметом внесення змін до Конституції. Серед таких реформ, здійснення яких потребує внесення змін до Основного Закону, передусім варто відзначити судову, децентралізацію, чіткий розподіл повноважень між гілками влади й забезпечення балансу стримувань і противаг, а також розширення конституційних прав і свобод людини та громадянина із забезпеченням чітких гарантій їх дотримання. Однак і цей перелік не є вичерпним, оскільки подальший суспільний розвиток виносить на порядок денний нові питання, які потребуватимуть правових гарантій і врегулювання, у тому числі й на рівні Конституції України.
ALGORITMA NON-PHOTOREALISTIC RENDERING UNTUK KARTUN MENGGUNAKAN K-MEANS DAN CANNY
Authors: Baso Budiman , Sapta Irit Maulana , Mawaddah Saniyatul
Published: August 2021

Cartoons are one type of illustration usually in a non-realistic or semi-realistic style. To make a cartoon drawing manually requires good drawing ability. So, not everyone can make cartoons. This research proposes a non-photorealistic rendering algorithm to create cartoon drawings automatically. The algorithm consists of four phases. First, create an image abstraction using bilateral filtering. Second, using kmeans clustering for abstract image quantization. Third, get the contour lines of the drawing using the canny algorithm. Fourth, contour lines and quantized images are combined. The results show that this algorithm can produce good visualization of cartoon images.
KENDALA PERKEMBANGAN POTENSI MASYARAKAT - Studi Kasus di Kelurahan Kawatuna, Kota Palu - (Constraints to The Developmental of Societal Potential: Case Study in Kawatuna, Palu City)
Authors: Jayaputra Achmadi
Published: August 2021

The impact of uncoordinated handling of social-economic problems in community is the occurrence of constrains for the development of societal potential. In enerally, is assumed thatthe causes of poverty can be come from internal factors such as the limited education and skillbased on local potentials, Whereas the external factors causing povertyare less pro-poor of thegovernment policy disaster, This research is aimed at identifying poverty programs and it'sconstraints focusing on the development of societal potential. The respondents of this research are local readers and managers of local institutions at Kelurahan Kawatuna district of Palu Selatan, The City of Palu. Result of this research found that constraints for the development of societal potential are economic problems and the lack of human resources. These factors seem to have reduced the effectiveness of empowering natural and social resources.
ETIKA PENELITIAN DAN PARTISIPASI ANAK DALAM KEGIATAN PENELITIAN (Research Ethics and the Participation of Children on Research Activities )
Authors: Wismayanti Yanuar Farida
Published: August 2021

Child participation is the biggest issue on child rights implementation on research activities. Most researches have exclusively given high attention for adult to be treated as participants. of respondents. However, child participahon on research has been as a key succes for participantsÂ research. Henceforth, there 1s a general opinion that child participation may contribute greatly for the development process. Thus, participatory research which considers the involvement of children would be able that research to receive a comprehensive data and information of particular issues
PEMBERDAYAAN PEKERJA MIGRAN: SUATU KONSEPSI MENGHAPUS MASALAH KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL DI KELURAHAN PRAWIRODIRJAN (Empowering of Migrant Workers: A Conception for Eliminating Social Welfare Problems in Prawirodirjan)
Authors: Karinina Nina
Published: August 2021

Actually, a serious program for poverty alleviation has been started since the last five years. Ta alleviate poverty problem especially in urban areas should not be focused on physical infrastructure development alone. it should be considering the dimension of social development to make urban development to be more harmony. Poverty alleviation is almost considered as the ultimate goals of the city planning, and this problem caused by the process of urbanization.Contemporary social problems in urban areas such as financial assistant for the poor, adolescent problem, drug abuse, criminality, prosti tution, social dysfunction, social cinflict, etc. Efforts to prevent these problems are needed; and improvement the quality of life of migrant workers should be the priority for the government of the municipalities. Regarding these problems, results of the the research in Keluraban Prawirodirjan found evidences that the empowerement program directed to migrant workers resulting a good lessons lerned for us.
PERMASALAHAN ANAK DALAM PENGUNGSIAN DI NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM
Authors: Wismayanti Yanuar Farida
Published: August 2021

(Children's Problems on the Refuge in Nanggroe Aceh

Darussalam) - Restoration of post disaster area is a big agenda to recovery this area and to build life of system. Nature of disaster, earthquakes and tsunamis in Aceh (26/12/1004), this moment has

attracted the attention from around the world to help and give support for peoples in disaster area. For that, some of different effort to recovery this area, involving the stakeholder, built a networking, develop and support a soladirity with a humanity of sense. A part of the big agenda of Aceh Recovery, it's very important to give a chance for children to be actor in this agenda, considering with the best for the children principles.
SISTEM PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL JEPANG: MENUJU NEGARA WELFARE PLURALISM
Authors: Nuryana Mu'man
Published: August 2021

(Social ProtectionSystem in Jepang for Welfare Pluralism Country) - This article attempts to describe social security system in Japan, with special emphasize on its objectives, purposes and functions. However, Japanese social security systems will be looked at the present situation in order to know how they have been established. Indeed, social security system in Japan is a general expression that includes the systems in the following fields: social insurance systems including medical and pension insurance programs, public assistance systems to ensure the minimum level of sound and cultural living, social welfare systems for children, mothers and children, people of disabilities and for the elderly, medical care systems, and the systems for public and environmental health. And there are objectives and functions for each social security system in. A recognition into the objectives and functions of social security systems in Japan will help us in analyzing the present situation of, evaluating, or examining the desirable future of social security in Indonesia.
PERLINDUNGAN PEREMPUAN TERHADAP HIV/AIDS
Authors: Wismayanti Yanuar Farida
Published: August 2021

(Women Protection from HIV/AIDS) - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus being influences the antibody and make be died, the named is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Amount of the people with AIDS in Indonesia, especially women are seriously facmg problems to handling it. Remembering, women are a vulnerable group and high risk be contagious HIV I AIDS to their baby. If this problems can not to taken into consideration through prevention strategy, it could be a high risk to separate the HIV/ AIDS from mvected persons.