bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les structures pronominales en français : polyvalence syntaxique, ambiguïté sémantique et phénomènes de grammaticalisation. Les cas de se mettre et se voir
Authors: Willems Dominique , Verroens Filip
Published: January 2020

Les structures pronominales, de par leur polyvalence syntaxique et sémantique, sont particulièrement propices à des phénomènes de réanalyse, voire de grammaticalisation. Notre contribution cherche à décrire les conditions syntaxiques, lexico-sémantiques et cognitives favorables à la réanalyse des constructions pronominales à partir de deux cas types : (i) l’auxiliaire inchoatif se mettre à , que nous interpréterons comme un cas de réanalyse par étapes successives à partir de la structure transitive mettre quelqu’un/quelque chose quelque part  ; (ii) le pronominal se voir , qui présente un double parcours de grammaticalisation : un mouvement d’auxiliarisation de diathèse, d’une part, suivi d’un infinitif ou d’un participe passé, un mouvement de copularisation, d’autre part, en passant de la construction à attribut de l’objet (facultatif) à une construction avec attribut du sujet (obligatoire).
Une métaphore suit-elle toujours le même chemin ? Analyse des expressions idiomatiques et des proverbes métaphoriques
Authors: Kleiber Georges
Published: January 2020

L’objectif de notre article est de comparer les expressions idiomatiques et les proverbes métaphoriques. Nous montrerons d’abord quels sont les points qui justifient leur rapprochement, puis nous mettrons en évidence et essaierons d’expliquer ceux qui les séparent : (i) pourquoi la relation entre le sens littéral et le sens conventionnel des proverbes métaphoriques est-elle transparente alors qu’elle ne l’est pas toujours pour les expressions idiomatiques ? (ii) pourquoi le sens conventionnel des proverbes métaphoriques subsume-t-il toujours le sens littéral alors que ce n’est jamais le cas pour les expressions idiomatiques ? Les réponses apportées à ces deux questions feront émerger, pour les proverbes métaphoriques comme pour les expressions idiomatiques, des propriétés peu ou mal connues et des attributs inédits.
Pour une didactique de la lecture « au premier degré » en classe de français
Authors: Levet Natacha
Published: January 2020

Au collège comme au lycée, les programmes de français insistent depuis quelques années sur l’intérêt de prendre en compte le sujet lecteur et la littérature en tant qu’elle permet la construction de soi, par la dimension émotionnelle des œuvres. Les travaux de D. Bucheton ou de J.-L. Dufays sur le lecteur et la didactique de la lecture nourrissent cette conception d’une lecture investie, impliquée. Pourtant, l’écart subsiste entre lectures juvéniles et lectures scolaires, aussi bien dans les choix que dans les usages des textes. Les théoriciens de la littérature s’intéressent désormais à la lecture immersive, impliquée, et des didacticiens de la lecture leur emboitent le pas, proposant de mettre en œuvre la lecture impliquée que l’institution appelle désormais de ses vœux. Il ne s’agit donc plus de rejeter la dominante participative et empathique des œuvres, mais bien de voir comment elle fonctionne sur les plans sémantique et narratologique, aussi bien dans des œuvres issues des cultures juvéniles que dans les classiques littéraires.
Orbital Myositis in a Child With Linear Scleroderma En Coup de Sabre
Authors: Roulez Françoise M. , Dangoisse Chantal , Dufour Dominique , Meire Françoise M.
Published: January 2020

Orbital Myositis in a Child With Linear Scleroderma En Coup de Sabre

To the Editors:
A 9-year-old boy presented with headaches and intermittent diplopia for approximately 3 weeks. His ocular history was unremarkable. [more...]
Traumatic Swelling of the Medial Rectus Muscle Clinically Mimicking Muscle Disinsertion or Transection
Authors: Mohan Kanwar , Sharma Ashok
Published: January 2020

Traumatic Swelling of the Medial Rectus Muscle Clinically Mimicking Muscle Disinsertion or Transection

To the Editors:
A 5-year-old girl presented with deviation of her left eye 5 weeks after her left upper eyelid and medial orbit were penetrated by an iron rod. A local medical practitioner had repaired the wound on the left upper eyelid. There was no history of diplopia. [more...]
Global existence and propagation speed for a Degasperis-Procesi equation with both dissipation and dispersion
Authors: Hwang Guenbo , Moon Byungsoo
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we consider the dissipative Degasperis-Procesi equation with arbitrary dispersion coefficient and compactly supported initial data. We establish the simple condition on the initial data which lead to guarantee that the solution exists globally. We also investigate the propagation speed for the equation under the initial data is compactly supported.
The existence of solutions for a shear thinning compressible non-Newtonian models
Authors: Song Yukun , Chen Yang , Yan Jun , Chen Shuai
Published: January 2020

This paper is concerned with the initial boundary value problem for a shear thinning fluid-particle interaction non-Newtonian model with vacuum. The viscosity term of the fluid and the non-Newtonian gravitational force are fully nonlinear. Under Dirichlet boundary for velocity and the no-flux condition for density of particles, the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions is investigated in one dimensional bounded intervals.
Re-Establishing the School in the Light of Information Technology
Authors: Bozkurt Süheyla
Published: January 2020

The aim is to open the discussion of the concept of education and school that emerged as a result of the changes in information technologies and to provide insight into the future educational institutions. Firstly, the effects of changes in the world on educational institutions were discussed. The skills needed by the world were introduced and finally the 21st century Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 technologies, which are information sharing methods that enable data sharing over the internet. In the conclusion part, a school structure where principles such as personalized ways and methods of access to information, development of creativity, acquisition of necessary methods for reasoning, integration of information with systematic attitude is proposed. For the schools of the future, it has been concluded that the elements of education such as classrooms, technique, methods, tools, and materials, and the role of the teacher should be reconsidered, and the school should be designed in a way that individuals can establish their own knowledge sphere within the boundaries of the school buildings.
Cyber Forensics Evolution and Its Goals
Authors: Khan Mohammad Zunnun , Mishra Anshul , Khan Mahmoodul Hasan
Published: January 2020

This chapter includes the evolution of cyber forensics from the 1980s to the current era. It was the era when computer forensics came into existence after a personal computer became a viable option for consumers. The formation of digital forensics is also discussed here. This chapter also includes the formation of cyber forensic investigation agencies. Cyber forensic life cycle and related phases are discussed in detail. Role of international organizations on computer evidence is discussed with the emphasize on Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRWS), Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWDGE), chief police officers' involvement. Authenticity-, accuracy-, and completeness-related pieces of evidence are also discussed. The most important thing that is discussed here is the cyber forensics data.
A Compendium of Cloud Forensics
Authors: Akbar Mohd. , Suaib Mohammad , Husain Mohd. Shahid , Shukla Saurabh
Published: January 2020

The cloud computing environment is one of the most promising technologies in the development of computing resources. The cloud service providers provide almost every resource for computing to their users through the internet. With all its advantages, cloud computing has major security issues. Especially in the case of public clouds, anyone can misuse the services for performing unlawful activities. The traditional approaches used for cyber forensics and network forensics are not adequate for the cloud environment because of many technical constraints. There is a need for setting up effective countermeasures that can help an investigator to identify and track unlawful activities happened in a cloud environment. Cloud forensics is an emerging area of research where the researchers aim to provide effective digital forensic techniques that help in the investigation of digital crimes in a cloud environment. The cloud environment helps to extract data even from devices that are not physically accessible. However, cloud forensics is not as easy as it seems; a lot of the success depends on the cloud service model implemented in the context. Getting the support of cloud service providers in accessing the potential sources of evidence necessary for investigation is also a major concern. Another critical aspect of cloud forensics is dealing with legal issues. This chapter discusses the basic concepts of cloud forensics, its challenges, and future directions.
Forensic Case Studies
Authors: Ahmad Faiyaz , Khan M. Z.
Published: January 2020

In this chapter, the authors collected and defined different types of case studies based on cyber forensics. They tried to gather the latest as well as the oldest case studies. This chapter will help those who want to study different categories of cyber care and their forensics studies. The following scenarios are specific examples of the problems that have been faced by various organizations in the past. For reasons of client confidentiality and legal sensitivity, actual names have been changed.
Uncertainty and Health-Related Quality of Life 1 Year After Coronary Angiography
Authors: Eastwood Jo-Ann , Doering Lynn , Roper Janice , Hays Ron D.
Published: January 2020

Background Little is known about illness-related uncertainty and decreased health-related quality of life in patients undergoing initial coronary angiography or about the long-term effects of uncertainty.

Objectives To compare patients with and without high levels of uncertainty before angiography and to examine the influence of uncertainty on health-related quality of life 1 year after angiography.

Methods In a prospective, longitudinal study, measurements of perceived control, uncertainty, affective distress, and health-related quality of life were collected from 93 patients before angiography (baseline) and 1 year later. At baseline, patients were classified into high- and low-uncertainty groups by median split. At 1 year, analysis of variance was used to compare health-related quality of life and psychological outcomes in the 2 groups, and multiple linear regression with stepwise entry was used to identify independent determinants of health-related quality of life.

Results Compared with patients with low baseline uncertainty, patients with high baseline uncertainty had higher levels of anxiety and depression and lower levels of perceived control and health-related quality of life 1 year after angiography. Baseline health-related quality of life, uncertainty, and life stress accounted for 54% of the variance in health-related quality of life, even when angiographic outcome was controlled for (P < .001). Baseline uncertainty was independently associated with health-related quality of life (β = −0.25; 95% confidence interval, −9.40 to −0.05; P = .02).

Conclusions At initial angiography, high levels of uncertainty about illness portend negative health-related quality of life outcomes up to 1 year later.
Course of Illness after the Onset of Chronic Rejection in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Song Mi-Kyung , De Vito Dabbs Annette , Studer Sean M. , Zangle Sarah E.
Published: January 2020

Background Despite the overall negative impact of chronic rejection on quality of life and survival after lung transplant, the specific clinical indicators of deterioration have not been identified.

Objectives To describe the course of illness after the onset of chronic rejection, including demographic and transplant variables, morbidity, mortality, health resource utilization, and end-of-life care, and to identify clinical indicators of deterioration in health and limited survival after the onset of chronic rejection.

Methods The medical records of 311 recipients of lung transplants between 1998 and 2004 were reviewed retrospectively to identify 60 recipients who experienced chronic rejection.

Results Median survival after chronic rejection was 31.34 months. Time to rejection (mean, 26.05 months; SD, 16.85) was significantly correlated with overall survival without need of a retransplant (r = 0.64; P < .001). The earlier the onset of chronic rejection or the need for oxygen at home, the shorter was the period of survival after chronic rejection and the more frequent were hospital and intensive care unit admissions and prolonged stays. Of the 26 recipients who died, 65% died at the transplant center, and all but 1 died in the intensive care unit; 3 died after multiple attempts of cardiopulmonary resuscitation; life support was ultimately withdrawn in 69%.

Conclusions Lung transplant recipients who experience chronic graft rejection have high rates of morbidity, mortality, and health resource utilization; however, the course of illness after chronic rejection is highly variable.
New Technique of Embolization of the Hemorrhoidal Arteries Using Embolization Particles Alone: Retrospective Results in 33 Patients
Authors: Abd El Tawab Karim , Abdo Salem Amr , Khafagy Rana
Published: January 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of using particles only in the embolization of the hemorrhoidal arteries for the management of hemorrhoids. Subjects and Methods: This is a retrospective study for patients treated between March 2015 and December 2018. We treated 33 patients, 13 men and 20 women with a mean age of 37 years (range: 18–70 years), in which 11 patients had Grade II hemorrhoids and 22 had Grade III hemorrhoids. Technical and clinical successes together with procedural complications were assessed. Results: The technical success rate was 100%. No minor or major complications have been reported. No cases of anorectal ischemia, anal incontinence, hemorrhoidal thrombosis, or complications related to femoral arterial puncture have occurred. Follow-up was at 3 months and 12 months postembolization. Clinical success was observed in 32 patients (96.9%) with improvement by at least 2 points of the French bleeding score at 3 months postembolization. Conclusion: The use of particles alone in the embolization of hemorrhoidal arteries whether from the superior rectal artery and/or from the middle and inferior rectal arteries can offer a safe and effective treatment option.
The book "Albaraheenu alsabatiah" Sabatian proofs "by the author:" Jawad Sabati ", a critical analytical study of the method of dialectic with Christians in the book By
Authors: Abdullah Abdulrahman Almeman Abdullah Abdulrahman Almeman
Published: January 2020

This research is dedicated to the criticism and analysis of the book of Sabatian proofs, one of the most important books that remained a source of response to the Christians in the nineteenth century in the countries of India and Bengal, where the author's life greatly influenced the style of the book and the accuracy of his information in the response to the Christians, Understand accurate details about the lives of Christians, Has been written on the modern approach in the introduction and indexing and referrals, and even in the use of coordinates of cities, all indicate the author's awareness of the psychological rhythm of that methodology to understand the reader and his awareness. The response in the book addressed all aspects of the Christian doctrine of the divinity of Christ and the distortion of the Bible and forgiveness. The book also distinguished itself with events and details that were not known at that time except by those who lived within the Church and suffered from their details. The care of such a specialized book is a link between the advanced ages and modern times to respond to the Christians, and the more attention this art among specialists, the more complete the science
القلق النفسي في قصة "الإنسان الخالد" للكاتبة ماري شيلي
Authors: Rasha Asim Hussein Gazzaz Rasha Asim Hussein Gazzaz
Published: January 2020

تبحث هذه الورقة قصة ماري شيلي القوطية القصيرة "الإنسان الخالد" (1833) في ضوء حياة الكاتبة النفسية والعقلية وقت كتابة هذه القصة. أثر حزن شيلي العميق لفقدان عدد من أفراد عائلتها وأصدقائها المقربون بشكل كبيرعليها في فترات مختلفة في حياتها وانعكس ذلك على كتابتها بصفة عامة. ويظهر ذلك جليا بالأخص في قصتها المشهورة "الإنسان الخالد." وتركز الدراسه في هذه الورقة على كيفية تناوب شيلي بشكل عميق بين حياة الشخصيتين الرئيسيتين في القصة - وينزي وبيرثا – وتجارب حياتها وأحزانها الخاصة. تم إجراء تحليل مفصل لوينزي وبيرثا وخاصة تجاربهم العاطفية غير المستقرة والمأسوية من أجل إلقاء الضوء على تأملات شيلي الخاصة والتأكيد على تأثيرسيرتها الذاتية وأحزانها الشخصية التي اتبعتها لكتابة هذه القصة. تصور لنا شيلي - من خلال وينزي – شخصية إنسان معمرعاش طويلا عانى من فقدان الأحبة و عاش بعد رحيلهم حياة طويلة في ألم وهي بذلك تثبت نظريتها بأن هناك علاقة بين العيش حياة طويلة والنقمة التي تلحق بالمعمر. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تصور شيلي التشابه بين نفسها وبين امرأة فاشلة - بيرثا - تخفق في أداء واجباتها البيولوجية المتمثلة في الأمومة. كلتا الشخصيتين تمثلان مقاطع من حياة شيلي الحزينة وترمزان إلى صراعاتها الداخلية. فعلى الرغم من أن فكرة الإنتحار للتخلص من الأحزان لم ترد في أي من الكتب التي تحدثت عن سيرة شيلي الذاتية الى أن موضوع التدمير الذاتي يظهر بوضوح في قصتها "الإنسان الخالد." فمن خلالها توضح شيلي فكرة الإنتحار نفسيا والموت داخليا للتخلص من الصراعات المأساوية التي تخنق الشخصيات.
لغة الجسد في السنة النبوية (لغة الأيدي أنموذجا)
Authors: Reem Khalid Abdullah Alsqaf Reem Khalid Abdullah Alsqaf
Published: January 2020

الحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد، أما بعد: هذا البحث عبارة عن دراسة موضوعية لنموذج من أحاديث السنة النبوية الواردة في التواصل عبر لغة الجسد. هدف البحث: أولا: إبراز وجود لغة الجسد في السنة النبوية. ثانيا: جمع بعض الأحاديث المتعلقة بموضوع لغة الجسد -لغة الأيدي- في السنة النبوية. ثالثا: توضيح دلالة لغة الجسد، وفائدتها، وأثر استخدامها، وربطها بالواقع من خلال الرجوع إلى شروح الأحاديث وكتب مهارات الاتصال. وقد اتبعت في البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والاستنباطي. وانتظمت خطة البحث في مقدمة، ومبحثين، وخاتمة. تضمن المبحث الأول: معنى مصطلح لغة الجسد، وأهميته في عملية التواصل. وتضمن المبحث الثاني: نموذج من الأحاديث الواردة في لغة الأيدي في السنة النبوية. ثم ذكرت الخاتمة مبينة فيها أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها، ومن أبرزها:1-أن السنة النبوية تضمنت عدة مواقف يتضح فيها استخدام لغة الأيدي كوسيلة للتواصل المؤثر، أو توضيح المعاني، أو الإقناع أو التعبير عن المشاعر أو الملاطفة. 2-سبق السنة النبوية في الاهتمام بمهارات الاتصال وخاصة لغة الجسد قبل الدراسات الحديثة. ومن أبرز التوصيات:1-ضرورة الاستفادة من السنة النبوية في تأصيل علم مهارات الاتصال، فقد وردت مواقف كثيرة من سيرة النبي e في تواصله مع الصحابة ?،وكان لها أبلغ التأثير في الجانب التعليمي والاجتماعي والتربوي.2-ضرورة إدراك الباحثين لأهمية التكامل المعرفي بين تخصصات العلوم الإنسانية، والإسهام في البحوث التي تجمع بين أكثر من تخصص؛ لما لذلك من أثر في تأصيل المعرفة.
التحليل الجغرافي لخصائص استهلاك المياه المعبأة بحاضرة الدمام.. دراسة ميدانية
Authors: Msferah Saleh Mohammed Alghamdi Msferah Saleh Mohammed Alghamdi
Published: January 2020

تلقي هذه الدراسة الضوء على خصائص استهلاك مياه الشرب المعبأة في حاضرة الدمام بالمملكة العربية السعودية، بهدف فهم خصائص استهلاك المياه المعبأة بحاضرة الدمام، وتقدير متوسط استهلاك الفرد البالغ من المياه المعبأة، وتحديد العلاقة بين حجم الاستهلاك وكل من عدد أفراد الأسرة ودخلها الشهري، وتفسير أسباب تباين الاستهلاك، كما تهدف الدراسة إلى مقارنة استهلاك المياه المعبأة ومياه الشبكة العامة بمنطقة الدراسة. ولا شك في أن التعرف إلى الأبعاد الجغرافية لخصائص استهلاك المياه المعبأة من الدراسات الجغرافية ذات الجانب التطبيقي ـــ النفعي، إذ تسعى إلى أن توفر بعض المؤشرات التي قد تساعد صانعي القرار على تحقيق الأهداف الأساسية لتحسين جودة الحياة في حاضرة الدمام. واعتمدت الدراسة على الدراسة الميدانية بصفة أساسية، وصُمِّم الاستبيان بناءً على مجموعة من المحاور التي تخدم أهداف الدراسة وتساؤلاتها الموجَّهة إلى سكان حاضرة الدمام. واعتمدت الدراسة على الأسلوب الكارتوجرافي؛ والأسلوب الكمي لتحليل خصائص الاستهلاك، وآراء عينة الدراسة نحو المياه المعبأة بمنطقة الدراسة. واستخدم المنهج الموضوعي: لتحليل جوانب استهلاك المياه المعبأة من حيث خصائصها المكانية، والمنهج الأصولي لتحليل خصائص الاستهلاك وعلاقتها بحجم الأسرة ودخلها، والمنهج السلوكي للوقف على أسباب المفاضلة بين أنواع المياه المعبأة وتفسير آراء عينة الدراسة حول جودة مياه الشبكة العامة بمنطقة الدراسة. وخلص البحث إلى عدة نتائج أبرزها ارتفاع نسبة من لديهم معرفة بالكمية اليومية اللازمة للإنسان البالغ من مياه الشرب؛ إذ بلغت 95%، وهو ما يعكس ارتفاع نسبة الوعي الصحي لدى المواطن السعودي وهو ما يتوافق مع أهداف رؤية الدولة للتنمية المستدامة والارتقاء بجودة الحياة للمواطنين.
جدل الصحراء والغابة في ضوء التأويل التقابل (دراسة تقابلية سيميائية)
Authors: سعود حامد مرزوق الصاعدي سعود حامد مرزوق الصاعدي
Published: January 2020

تستند هذه الدراسة على التأويل التقابلي بين فضاءين مختلفين هما الصحراء والغابة، وتفترض أن اختلافهما أدّى إلى اختلاف في الرؤية والتفاعل مع العالم، سواء على المستوى الفكري أو على المستوى الثقافي والحضاري، كما أدّى إلى اختلاف في أدوات التعبير. وقد قمنا في هذه الدراسة بتجريب التأويل التقابلي من خلال عنصر بياني هو النصبة باعتبار الصحراء بيانا موسومًا بالعلامات، وباعتبار الغابة نصا متشابك العلاقات، فأفضى بنا هذا التأويل إلى تقابلات وافرة تفسّر الاختلاف بين هذين الفضاءين اللذين فسّرنا من خلال هذه الدراسة اثرهما على الرؤية والتفكير والتعبير، فجاءت مباحث الدراسة ذات منزع ثقابلي على النحو الآتي: الفضاء والرؤية، روح الثقافة وجسد الحضارة، البيان اللطيف والنص الكثيف، غواية الشعر ومتاهة الرواية. وجاءت تحت كل مبحث من هذه المباحث مطالب لم تخرج عن الثنائية التقابلية نحو التشبيه والاستعارة، والكناية والرمز، والمسير والمصير. وقد سلكنا في هذه الدراسة منهج التأويل التقابلي الذي طرحه د. محمد بازّي في مشروع علمي في إطار النظرية التقابلية من خلال عدة كتب أشرنا إلى بعضها في الدراسة، فاقتضى هذا المسلك أن نبدأ بمدخل ،فمبحث يعالج تفاعل الإنسان مع الكون عبر ثلاثة مستويات، كانت نتيجة للنظر التقابلي بين الشرق والغرب، والثقافة والحضارة، وهي في نظرنا أهم المداخل التقابلية لهذه الدراسة. وقد أفادت الدراسة من المنهج التقابلي والسيميائي منطلقة في البدء من النصبة، أحد أهم عناصر البيان عند الحاجظ، ونراه مدخلا تأويليا علاماتيا يتيح النظر والدراسة التأويلية باعتبار الكون بيانًا شاملا ،منصوبا بعلاماته للقراءة والتأويل.
Electric Vehicle Power Transfer System Using Conductive Automated Connection Devices Infrastructure-Mounted Pantograph (Cross-Rail) Connection
Authors:   Hybrid - EV Committee
Published: January 2020

This document details one of the connections of the SAE J3105 document. The connections are referenced in the scope of the main document SAE J3105. SAE J3105/1 details the infrastructure-mounted pantograph, or cross-rail connection. All the common requirements are defined in the main document; the current document provides the details of the connection.

This document covers the connection interface relevant requirements for an electric vehicle power transfer system using a conductive ACD based on a cross-rail design. To allow interoperability for on-road vehicles (in particular, buses and coaches), one configuration is described in this document. Other configurations may be used for non-standard applications (for example, mining trucks or port vehicles).
The Godley-Tobin lecture
Authors: Rowthorn Robert
Published: January 2020

This paper surveys some of the main developments in macroeconomics since the anti-Keynesian counter-revolution 40 years ago. It covers both mainstream and heterodox economics. Amongst the topics discussed are: New Keynesian economics, Modern Monetary Theory, expansionary fiscal contraction, unconventional monetary policy, the Phillips curve, hysteresis, and heterodox theories of growth and distribution. The conclusion is that Keynesian economics is alive and well, and that there has been a degree of convergence between heterodox and mainstream economics.
The return of Keynes and the Phillips curve in Latin America: evidence from four countries
Authors: Caldentey Esteban Pérez , Perry Nathan , Vernengo Matías
Published: January 2020

Robert Rowthorn, in his Godley–Tobin Lecture, suggests that Keynesian policies have again been incorporated by the mainstream of the profession, and the old Phillips relation is again relevant. In other words, there seems to be a persistent trade-off between inflation, wage inflation in particular, and unemployment rates, properly measured, which would create the space for Keynesian policies. This paper discusses the return of Keynesian economics, in particular in Latin American economies. While it is true that Keynesian economics made a comeback in terms of policy in Latin America, as in other parts of the world, in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, it is also true that the Keynesian moment was relatively weak and short-lived. The evidence in Latin America for a Phillips curve is relatively weak, and suggests that inflation is often cost-push rather than demand-pull, which could be understood to suggest that there is space for expansionary fiscal policy, at least in the absence of an external constraint. The authors remain skeptical about the return of Keynesian economics at the theoretical level, and the possibilities for Keynesian policies in the region.
Tobin (1975) meets rational expectations
Authors: Libman Emiliano
Published: January 2020

In his 1975 paper, Tobin formalizes one of the main lessons from Keynes's General Theory: the idea that price flexibility is destabilizing. We propose a modified model à la Tobin by including rational expectations and staggered price setting, to show that under some conditions (a strong Tobin effect), there exist an infinite number of equilibrium paths that converge to equilibrium. Tobin was right: the most problematic assumption of modern macroeconomics is not rational expectations per se, but rather price flexibility and continuous market clearing.
Democratização de arquivos em bibliotecas digitais e hemerotecas: um caminho para Histórias ou Micro Histórias da tradução no Brasil
Authors: Torres Marie-Hélène Catherine
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo apresenta, em primeiro lugar, o estado da arte da História da Tradução no Brasil, considerando os projetos de publicações coletivas e os poucos projetos digitais que temos colocado online com a colaboração de alguns colegas, como o Dicionário de Tradutores Literários no Brasil, que foi colocado online em 2005 e que visa mapear tradutores literários no Brasil e definir seu perfil ou ainda o site Mnemosine online desde 2015, que abriga resultados obtidos com pesquisas financiadas pelo CNPq. Em segundo lugar, discuto do acesso às fontes primárias no Brasil, questão crucial das bibliografias, catálogos e acervos disponibilizados paraos pesquisadores que desejam elaborar uma História da Tradução a partir de bases de dados digitais. E finalmente, proponho algumas vias possíveis para escrever a História ou Micro-História da Tradução no Brasil a partir de arquivos digitalizados.
VENUTI, Lawrence. Teaching Translation: Programs, Courses, Pedagogies. Londres e Nova York: Routledge, 2017, 276 p.
Authors: Moreira Helton Bezerra
Published: January 2020

Com a relativamente recente solidificação científica dos Estudos da Tradução, tem surgido grande interesse acerca das práticas pedagógicas, ementas e bibliografias voltadas especificamente para o ensino de tradutores. O livro Teaching Translation: Programs, Courses, Pedagogies (Ensinando Tradução: Programas, Cursos, Pedagogias), editado por Lawrence Venuti, faz um apanhado do estado da arte nessa atividade, descrevendo cursos e disciplinas em algumas instituições de referência americanas, canadenses, inglesas e espanholas, detalhando desde os pré-requisitos para os alunos serem admitidos até os trabalhos de conclusão. Além desse detalhamento, o livro apresenta artigos com diversos enfoques no ensino de tradução literária, tradução técnica, tradução pós-colonial, tradução teatral, dentre outros mais. Como se não bastasse, a parte final do livro traz uma análise detalhada tanto das abordagens pedagógicas predominantes na formação de tradutores quanto dos manuais, enciclopédias e livros sobre tradução lançados nos últimos vinte anos. O ponto forte da obra é a visão panorâmica mundial que ele oferece aos professores, alunos e estudiosos da área, interessados em saber como se está ensinando tradução na prática, muito embora não se tenha a mesma informação sobre a prática em cursos de países fora do eixo escolhido por Venuti.
Entrevista com Alison Entrekin
Authors: Almeida Filho Eclair Antonio , Reis Pedro Henrique
Published: January 2020

Entrevista com Alison Entrekin
Escrevendo em terra de homem nenhum: questões de gênero e tradução
Authors: Bassnett Susan , Matos Naylane Araújo
Published: January 2020

Este artigo centra-se em questões de gênero e tradução levantas por teóricas/osfeministas e dos Estudos da Tradução, na década de 1970. Susan Bassnett discute osargumentos apresentados pela crítica feminista – no que tange o modo como asociedade marginaliza as mulheres e seus processos criativos – e por teóricas/os detradução – em relação ao processo manipulativo envolvido na suposta “inocente”transferência de textos de uma cultura para outra – e como essas áreas têm sidoconectadas. Seguindo a perspectiva de Bassnett, esta tradução almeja ser uma atividadepolítica na qual são eleitas estratégias feministas de tradução a fim de tornar o próprioconteúdo do texto visível na tradução.
Exploring the Mechanical, Thermal and Ballistic Effects of Carbon Black on Paraffin-Based Fuels for Hybrid Rocket Motors
Authors: Cristina Gomes Fernandes Paula , Santos Gomes Jessica , Yoshie Kawachi Elizabete , Yuji Nagamachi Marcio , Fernando de Araujo F Ferrão Luiz , Pereira Cardoso Kamila
Published: January 2020

Paraffin-based hybrid propellants have been developed due to their high burning rate. However, they have some disadvantages such as inadequate mechanical properties and unstable burning. In this work, paraffin fuel grains with carbon black were evaluated to study the possible effects of this additive on the mechanical, thermal and ballistic properties of these grains, besides the already known effect of minimizing the thermal radiation inside the motor. The grains with carbon black showed significant changes in the thermal degradation profile and substantial improvement in burn stability.
Natural sea-salt emissions moderate the climate forcing of anthropogenic nitrate
Authors: Chen Ying , Cheng Yafang , Ma Nan , Wei Chao , Ran Liang , Wolke Ralf , Größ Johannes , Wang Qiaoqiao , Pozzer Andrea , Denier van der Gon Hugo A. C. , Spindler Gerald , Lelieveld Jos , Tegen Ina , Su Hang , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Natural sea-salt aerosols, when interacting with
anthropogenic emissions, can enhance the formation of particulate nitrate.
This enhancement has been suggested to increase the direct radiative forcing
of nitrate, called the “mass-enhancement effect”. Through a size-resolved
dynamic mass transfer modeling approach, we show that interactions with
sea salt shift the nitrate from sub- to super-micron-sized particles
(“redistribution effect”), and hence this lowers its efficiency for light
extinction and reduces its lifetime. The redistribution effect overwhelms
the mass-enhancement effect and significantly moderates nitrate cooling;
e.g., the nitrate-associated aerosol optical depth can be reduced by
10 %–20 % over European polluted regions during a typical sea-salt event, in
contrast to an increase by ∼10 % when only accounting for
the mass-enhancement effect. Global model simulations indicate significant
redistribution over coastal and offshore regions worldwide. Our study
suggests a strong buffering by natural sea-salt aerosols that reduces the
climate forcing of anthropogenic nitrate, which had been expected to
dominate the aerosol cooling by the end of the century. Comprehensive
considerations of this redistribution effect foster better understandings
of climate change and nitrogen deposition.
Improved inversion of aerosol components in the atmospheric column from remote sensing data
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Zhengqiang , Chen Yu , de Leeuw Gerrit , Zhang Chi , Xie Yisong , Li Kaitao
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A method to calculate the complex refractive index of a multicomponent liquid system is introduced into the retrieval of atmospheric columnar aerosol components from optical remote sensing data. The aerosol components comprise five species, combining eight sub-components including black carbon (BC), water-soluble (WSOM) and water-insoluble organic matter (WIOM), ammonium nitrate (AN), sodium chloride (SC), dust-like (DU), and aerosol water in the fine and coarse modes (AWf and AWc). The uncertainty in the retrieval results is analyzed based on the simulation of typical models, showing that the complex refractive index obtained from instantaneous optical-physical inversion compares very well with that obtained from chemical estimation. The algorithm was used to retrieve the columnar aerosol components over China using the ground-based remote sensing measurements from the Sun-sky radiometer Observation NETwork (SONET) in the period from 2010 to 2016. The results were used to analyze the regional distribution and interannual variation. The analysis shows that the atmospheric columnar DU component is dominant in the northern region of China, whereas the AW is higher in the southern coastal region. The AN significantly decreased from 2011 to 2016, by 26.8 mg m−2, which is inseparable from China's environmental control policies.
Improved SIFTER v2 algorithm for long-term GOME-2A satellite retrievals of fluorescence with a correction for instrument degradation
Authors: van Schaik Erik , Kooreman Maurits L. , Stammes Piet , Tilstra L. Gijsbert , Tuinder Olaf N. E. , Sanders Abram F. J. , Verstraeten Willem W. , Lang Ruediger , Cacciari Alessandra , Joiner Joanna , Peters Wouter , Boersma K. Folkert
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) data from satellites are increasingly used as a proxy for photosynthetic activity by vegetation, and as a constraint on gross primary production. Here we develop an improved retrieval algorithm to retrieve mid-morning (09:30 hrs local time) SIF estimates on the global scale from GOME-2 sensor on the Metop-A satellite (GOME-2A) for the period 2007–2019. Our new SIFTER v2 algorithm improves over a previous version by using a narrower spectral window that avoids strong oxygen absorption and is less sensitive to water vapour absorption, by constructing stable reference spectra from a 6-year period (2007–2012) of atmospheric spectra over the Sahara, and by applying a latitude-dependent zero-level adjustment that accounts for biases in the data product. We generated stable, good-quality SIF retrievals between January 2007 and June 2013, when GOME-2A degradation in the near infrared was still limited. After the narrowing of the GOME-2A swath in July 2013, we characterized the throughput degradation of the level-1 data in order to derive reflectance corrections and apply these for the SIF retrievals between July 2013 and December 2018. SIFTER v2 data compares well with the independent NASA v2.8 data product. Especially in the evergreen tropics, SIFTER v2 no longer shows the underestimates against other satellite products that were seen in SIFTER v1. The new data product includes uncertainty estimates for individual observations, and is best used for mostly clear-sky scenes, and when spectral residuals remain below a certain spectral autocorrelation threshold. Our results support the use of SIFTER v2 data to be used as an independent constraint on photosynthetic activity on regional to global scales.
Wuhan MST radar: Technical features and Validation of wind observations
Authors: Qiao Lei , Chen Gang , Zhang Shaodong , Yao Qi , Gong Wanlin , Su Mingkun , Chen Feilong , Liu Erxiao , Zhang Weifan , Zeng Huangyuan , Cai Xuesi , Song Huina , Zhang Huan , Zhang Liangliang
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Wuhan MST radar is a 53.8 MHz monostatic Doppler radar, located in Chongyang, Hubei Province, China, which has the capability to observe the dynamics of the mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere region in the subtropical latitudes. The system is composed of 576 Yagi antennas with square distribution, and the maximum peak power is 192 kW. The Wuhan MST radar is efficient and cheap, which applies simplifier and more flexible architecture. It includes 24 big TR modules, and the row/column data port of each big TR module connects 24 small TR modules via the corresponding row/column feeding network. Each antenna is driven by a small TR module with peak output power of 300 W. The arrangement of the antenna field, the functions of the timing signals, the structure of the TR modules, and the clutter suppression procedure are described in detail in this manuscript. We compared the MST radar observation results with other instruments and related models in the whole MST region for validation. Firstly, we made a comparison of the Wuhan MST radar observed horizontal winds in the troposphere and low stratosphere with the radiosonde in the short term, as well as the ERA-interim data sets (2016 and 2017) in the long term. Then, we made a comparison of the observed horizontal winds in the mesosphere with the meteor radar and the HWM-07 model in the same way. In general, good agreements can be obtained, and it indicates that the Wuhan MST is an effective tool to measure the three-dimensional wind fields of the MST region in the short-term and long-term.
Structural elucidation and environmental distributions of butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs)
Authors: Coffinet Sarah , Meador Travis B. , Mühlena Lukas , Becker Kevin W. , Schröder Jan , Zhu Qing-Zeng , Lipp Julius S. , Heuer Verena B. , Crump Matthew P. , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs)
are membrane lipids, recently discovered in sedimentary environments and in
the methanogenic archaeon Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis. They
possess an unusual structure, which challenges fundamental assumptions in
lipid biochemistry. Indeed, they bear a butanetriol or a pentanetriol
backbone instead of a glycerol at one end of their core structure. In this
study, we unambiguously located the additional methyl group of the BDGT
compound on the C3 carbon of the lipid backbone via high-field nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. We further systematically explored the
abundance, distribution and isotopic composition of BDGTs and PDGTs as both
intact polar and core lipid forms in marine sediments collected in
contrasting environments of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. High
proportions of intact polar BDGTs and PDGTs in the deeper methane-laden
sedimentary layers and relatively 13C-depleted BDGTs, especially in
the Rhone Delta and in the Black Sea, are in agreement with a probable
methanogenic source for these lipids. However, contributions from
heterotrophic Archaea to BDGTs (and PDGTs) cannot be excluded, particularly
in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and contrasting BDGT and PDGT headgroup
distribution patterns were observed between the different sites studied. This
points to additional, non-methanogenic, archaeal sources for these lipids.
Organic iron complexes enhance iron transport capacity along estuarine salinity gradients of Baltic estuaries
Authors: Herzog Simon David , Persson Per , Kvashnina Kristina , Kritzberg Emma Sofia
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Rivers discharge a notable amount of dissolved Fe
(1.5×109 mol yr−1) to coastal waters but are still not considered
important sources of bioavailable Fe to open marine waters. The reason is
that the vast majority of particular and dissolved riverine Fe is considered
to be lost to the sediment due to aggregation during estuarine mixing.
Recently, however, several studies demonstrated relatively high stability of
riverine Fe to salinity-induced aggregation, and it has been proposed that
organically complexed Fe (Fe-OM) can “survive” the salinity gradient,
while Fe (oxy)hydroxides are more prone to aggregation and selectively
removed. In this study, we directly identified, by X-ray absorption
spectroscopy, the occurrence of these two Fe phases across eight boreal
rivers draining into the Baltic Sea and confirmed a significant but
variable contribution of Fe-OM in relation to Fe (oxy)hydroxides among river
mouths. We further found that Fe-OM was more prevalent at high flow
conditions in spring than at low flow conditions during autumn and that
Fe-OM was more dominant upstream in a catchment than at the river mouth. The
stability of Fe to increasing salinity, as assessed by artificial mixing
experiments, correlated well to the relative contribution of Fe-OM,
confirming that organic complexes promote Fe transport capacity. This study
suggests that boreal rivers may provide significant amounts of potentially
bioavailable Fe beyond the estuary, due to organic matter complexes.
A 15 million-year long record of phenotypic evolution in the heavily calcified coccolithophore Helicosphaera and its biogeochemical implications
Authors: Šupraha Luka , Henderiks Jorijntje
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The biogeochemical performance of coccolithophores is defined by their overall abundance in the oceans, but also by a wide range in cell size, degree of calcification and carbon production rates between different species. Species’ sensitivity to environmental forcing has been suggested to relate to their cellular PIC : POC ratio and other physiological constraints. Understanding both the short and longer-term adaptive strategies of different coccolithophore lineages, and how these in turn shape the biogeochemical role of the group, is therefore crucial for modeling the ongoing changes in the global carbon cycle. Here we present data on the phenotypic evolution of a large and heavily-calcified genus Helicosphaera (order Zygodiscales) over the past 15 million years (Ma), at two deep-sea drill sites from the tropical Indian Ocean and temperate South Atlantic. The modern species Helicosphaera carteri, which displays eco-physiological adaptations in modern strains, was used to benchmark the use of its coccolith morphology as a physiological proxy in the fossil record. Our results show that, on the single-genotype level, coccolith morphology has no correlation with physiological traits in H. carteri. However, significant correlations of coccolith morphometric parameters with cell size and physiological rates do emerge once multiple genotypes or closely related lineages are pooled together. Using this insight, we interpret the phenotypic evolution in Helicosphaera as a global, resource limitation-driven selection for smaller cells, which appears to be a common adaptive trait among different coccolithophore lineages, from the warm and high-CO2 world of the middle Miocene to the cooler and low-CO2 conditions of the Pleistocene. However, despite a significant decrease in mean size, Helicosphaera kept relatively stable PIC : POC (as inferred from the coccolith aspect ratio) and thus highly conservative biogeochemical output on the cellular level. We argue that this supports its status as an obligate calcifier, like other large and heavily-calcified genera such as Calcidiscus and Coccolithus, and that other adaptive strategies, beyond size-adaptation, must support the persistent, albeit less abundant, occurrence of these taxa. This is in stark contrast with the ancestral lineage of Emiliania and Gephyrocapsa, which not only decreased in mean size but also displayed much higher phenotypic plasticity in degree of calcification while becoming globally more dominant in plankton communities.
The effect of mountain uplift on eastern boundary currents and upwelling systems
Authors: Jung Gerlinde , Prange Matthias
Published: January 2020

Abstract. All major mountain ranges are assumed to have been
subject to increased uplifting processes during the late Miocene and
Pliocene. Previous work has demonstrated that African uplift is an important
element to explain Benguela upper-ocean cooling in the late
Miocene–Pliocene. According to proxy records, a surface ocean cooling also
occurred in other eastern boundary upwelling regions during the late
Neogene. Here we investigate a set of sensitivity experiments altering
topography in major mountain regions (Andes, North American Cordillera, and
southern and East African mountains) separately with regard to the potential impact
on the intensity of near-coastal low-level winds, Ekman transport and Ekman
pumping, and upper-ocean cooling. The simulations show that mountain
uplift is important for upper-ocean temperature evolution in the area of
eastern boundary currents. The impact is primarily on the atmospheric
circulation which is then acting on upper-ocean temperatures through changes
in strengths of upwelling, horizontal heat advection and surface heat
fluxes. Different atmosphere–ocean feedbacks additionally alter the sea
surface temperature response to uplift. The relative importance of the
different feedback mechanisms depends on the region, but it is most likely also
influenced by model and model resolution.
Volcanism and climate change as drivers in Holocene depositional dynamic of Laguna del Maule (Andes of central Chile – 36° S)
Authors: Frugone-Álvarez Matías , Latorre Claudio , Barreiro-Lostres Fernando , Giralt Santiago , Moreno Ana , Polanco-Martínez Josué , Maldonado Antonio , Carrevedo María Laura , Bernárdez Patricia , Prego Ricardo , Delgado Huertas Antonio , Fuentealba Magdalena , Valero-Garcés Blas
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Late Quaternary volcanic basins are active landscapes from which detailed archives of past climate, seismic and volcanic activity can be obtained. A multidisciplinary study performed on a transect of sediment cores was used to reconstruct the depositional evolution of the high-elevation Laguna del Maule (LdM) (36° S, 2180 m asl, Chilean Andes). The recovered 5 m composite sediment sequence includes two thick turbidite units (LT1 and LT2) and numerous tephra layers (23 ash and 6 lapilli). We produced an age model is based on nine new 14C AMS date, existing 210Pb and 137Cs data and the Quizapú ash horizon (CE 1932). According to this age model, early Holocene were followed by a phase of increased productivity during the mid Holocene and higher lake levels after 4.0 ka BP. Major hydroclimate transitions occurred at ca. 0.5, 4.0, 8.0 and 11 ka BP. Decreased summer insolation and winter precipitation due to a southward shift in the Southern Westerly Winds and a strengthened Pacific Subtropical High could explain early Holocene lower lake levels. Increased biological productivity during the mid-Holocene (~ 8.0 to 6.0 ka) is coeval with a warm-dry phase described for much of southern South America. Periods of higher lake productivity are synchronous to higher frequency of volcanic events. During the late Holocene, the tephra layers shows compositional changes suggesting a transition from silica-rich to silica-poor magmas at around 4.0 cal ka BP. This transition was synchronous with increased variability of sedimentary facies and geochemical proxies, indicating higher lake levels and increased moisture at LdM after 4.0 cal ka BP, most likely caused by the inception of current ENSO/PDO-like dynamics in central Chile.