bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tornando-se Jane: a individuação retratada em filme
Authors: Silva Luiza Bontempo e
Published: January 2010

Este é um trabalho de fundo explicativo que pretende estabelecer um diálogo entre o filme Becoming Jane (traduzido, no Brasil, como Amor e inocência), de Julian Jarrold, com a concepção junguiana de processo de individuação. Foi observado que o filme faz várias referências à obra de Jung, sendo a trama principal um exemplo (intencional ou não) do conceito junguiano de processo de individuação. No filme analisado a personagem principal passa por um processo difícil de descobrimento de si mesma e de confronto com o senso comum, processo também vivido por muitos e essencial para a realização ou formação da personalidade.
A feminilidade na psicanálise: a controvérsia quanto à primazia fálica
Authors: Bonfim Flavia Gaze , Vidal Paulo Eduardo Viana
Published: January 2010

Na história da psicanálise, a postulação freudiana da primazia do falo na estruturação da sexualidade suscitou uma controvérsia quanto ao seu papel na feminilidade. Com o intuito de retraçarmos essa polêmica, apresentamos a elaboração freudiana, percorremos depois as formulações quanto ao devir-mulher de dois pós-freudianos, Klein e Jones, que especificaram a feminilidade não através da função fálica, mas pelo deslocamento da libido oral para os genitais. Finalmente, mostramos como Lacan interferiu nessa "querela do falo", reconhecendo que uma mulher está inscrita, mas não de todo na lógica fálica e introduzindo a noção de um gozo suplementar feminino.
Validade por processo de resposta no teste de Cloze
Authors: Cunha Neide de Brito , Santos Acácia Aparecida Angeli dos
Published: January 2010

Tendo por base considerações sobre as evidências de validade por processo de resposta, foram analisados neste estudo os erros cometidos num teste de Cloze. Participaram 266 crianças, de ambos os sexos, entre 8 e 13 anos, de terceiras e quartas séries do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas e particulares de São Paulo. Foram formados dois grupos de protocolos: das crianças que tiveram as melhores e as piores pontuações, para a construção de uma escala dos tipos de erros cometidos, a saber: branco, fonológico, lexical, sintático e semântico. Os resultados mostraram que as crianças com médias mais altas cometeram mais erros lexicais e as com médias mais baixas, erros semânticos. Embora tenha sido encontrada a evidência de validade por processo de resposta, por meio da avaliação da homogeneidade na distribuição dos tipos de erros, é preciso ampliar o conhecimento sobre as características psicométricas do teste de Cloze.
No calor de um lugar: território, subjetividades e poder
Authors: Aguiar Kátia
Published: January 2010

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar algumas análises extraídas de um processo de formação de lideranças comunitárias que teve como recurso metodológico a pesquisa-intervenção. Para tanto, recorre-se a diferentes pensadores que tomam a cidade como campo de análise, ensaiando uma interlocução que favoreça a apreensão das forças de composição em sua complexidade. Nessa perspectiva, alguns conceitos ferramentas problematizam as noções de comunidade, território, grupalidade, urbanismo, entre ouras. Afirma-se que as práticas de publicização e privatização se tocam e definem diferentes configurações no curso da história das cidades, constituindo um ponto de tensão privilegiado nas práticas dos trabalhadores sociais e dos grupos e organizações populares. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa que intervêm essas noções são experimentadas em seus desdobramentos de "espaços-tempos-vidas" ilustradas por um diário de campo e as questões processuais que ele encerra em termos de questões problemas eleitos por todos os atores que compõem a experiência/experimentação.
Conflito entre práticas e leis: a adolescência no processo judicial
Authors: Ciarallo Cynthia Rejanne Correa Araujo , Almeida Ângela Maria de Oliveira
Published: January 2010

O Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (1990) apontou novas formas de enfrentamento na apuração de ato infracional de adolescentes. Porém, suspeita-se que uma complexa negociação de sentidos constantemente atravessada por estereótipos e por lógicas sociais historicamente construídas tenha gerado conflitos de práticas e ideias entre aqueles que operam a lei. Assim, propõe-se conhecer como o adolescente era retratado nos processos judiciais na apuração de atos infracionais. A partir de leitura e análise minuciosa de 12 (doze) processos infracionais de adolescentes foram identificados elementos típicos da doutrina da situação irregular que passaram a receber nova roupagem conceitual nas manifestações evocadas a partir do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que as representações compartilhadas no âmbito da Justiça acerca do adolescente são ainda ancoradas em um modelo tutelar que considera o adolescente um objeto de direito, cujo futuro, na condição de infrator, deve ser traçado pelo Estado.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation in Water with Platinum Group Metal Catalysts
Authors: Wu By Xiaofeng , Wang Chao , Xiao Jianliang
Published: January 2010

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) is the reduction of prochiral compounds with a hydrogen donor other than hydrogen gas in the presence of a chiral catalyst. The asymmetric reduction of a wide variety of ketone and aldehyde substrates has been carried out in water using catalysts based on complexes of ruthenium(II), rhodium(III) and iridium(III), affording fast reaction rates and good enantioselectivities without the use of organic solvents and with easy separation of catalyst and product. For ATH of ketones, the Rh(III) complexes appear to perform better than the Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes in terms of activity, enantioselectivity and substrate scope. However, their performance varies with the choice of ligands, and simple Ir(III)-diamine complexes were found to be excellent catalysts for the reduction of aldehydes.
Editorial
Authors: Palacios Erwin , Cortés-Ortiz Liliana , Bicca-Marques Júlio César , Heymann Eckhard , Alfaro Jessica Lynch , Veiga Liza
Published: January 2010

No abstract
Seed predation of Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae) by northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)
Authors: Mourthé Ítalo M. C. , Strier Karen B. , Boubli Jean P.
Published: January 2010

Seeds are staple foods in the diets of primates with morphological and behavioral specializations for seed predation, but are considered a less important resource for most other primates. Here we report the first observation of seed predation by northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). Twenty-four Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae) seed eating events were observed during a systematic study of two groups of northern muriquis in an Atlantic forest fragment in southeastern Brazil in July 2003, accounting for 2.9% of 836 feeding records during this month. Only unripe seeds were consumed in all records. The absence of Mabea fistulifera seeds in any of the 102 fecal samples examined suggests that the seeds were predated. Analyses of 47 fruits of Mabea fistulifera collected in different stages of ripeness in June 2004 indicated that fruits at earlier stages of ripeness were significantly softer than ones of later stages, implying that fruit hardness made their seeds unprofitable to these non-specialized seed predator monkeys.
Habitat characterization and population density of brown spider monkeys (Ateles hybridus) in Magdalena Valley, Colombia
Authors: Aldana Ana María , Beltrán Marta , Torres-Neira Johanna , Stevenson Pablo R.
Published: January 2010

No abstract
Observation of black-capped capuchins (Cebus apella) feeding on an owl monkey (Aotus brumbacki) in the Colombian llanos
Authors: Carretero-Pinzón Xyomara , Defler Thomas R. , Ferrari Stephen F.
Published: January 2010

No abstract
Densidad poblacional y tamaño de grupo de Saguinus leucopus en parches de bosque en el departamento de Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Duque Néstor Roncancio , Rojas William , Varón Jaime Vicente Estévez
Published: January 2010

No abstract
Expansão da distribuição geográfica de Callicebus bernhardi a oeste do rio Ji-Paraná, estado de Rondônia, Brasil
Authors: Monção Guilherme Reis , Selhorst Valquiria , Filho José Alexandre Rodrigues Soares
Published: January 2010

No abstract
Development of multi-objective reservoir operation rules for integrated water resources management
Authors: Cheong T. S. , Ko I. , Labadie J. W.
Published: January 2010

Real-time monitoring, databases, optimization models and visualization tools have been integrated into a Decision Support System (DSS) for optimal water resources management of two water supply reservoirs, the Daechung Reservoir and the Yongdam Reservoir of the Geum River basin, Daejeon, Korea. The KModSim as a DSS has been designed to provide information on current reservoir conditions to operational staff and to help in making decisions for short- and long-term management. For the physical calibration, the network simulations in seasonal water allocation of both reservoirs are performed for 23 years from January 1 1983 to June 30 2006. Linear and nonlinear operating rules are developed by using the actual reservoir operation data obtained from both reservoirs which are then used in KModSim by the hydrologic state method to estimate optimized target storages of both reservoirs. For validation of hydrologic states in KModSim and scenario testing for the management simulations, the optimal network simulation for the seasonal water allocations from October 1 2002 to June 30 2006 were also performed. The results' simulation by new rules fit the measured actual reservoir storage and represent well the various outflow discharge curves measured at the gauging stations of Geum River. The developed operating rules are proven to be superior in explaining actual reservoir operation as compared to the simulated target storages by existing optimization models.
Realising social justice in the water sector: 2
Authors: Abbott M. B. , Vojinovic Z.
Published: January 2010

The second part of this paper is given over to the role of the hydroinformatician in creating sociotechnical environments in which the transmutations necessary to provide states of social justice can be catalysed through the creation of appropriate web-based environments. Some recent exemplifications of these processes within the second paradigm case that is used here are provided in conclusion. In particular, the ways in which the objects presented by the user interfaces to the different classes of stakeholders become transmuted into symbols in the minds of these stakeholders through the active exercise of their imaginations are exemplified and further analysed.

This work has proceeded concurrently with the design, writing and development of the software necessary to realise its aims and ambitions, with special attention being given to the new kinds of user interfaces and viewing facilities that are then required. This work will be described separately by other authors involved in this initiative.

It is emphasised at various junctures that enterprises of this kind carry substantial risks and must be approached with much care and understanding; and indeed the primary reason for writing this paper is to communicate not only the risks, but also the corresponding level of understanding that is necessary to overcome these risks.
Arsenic oxidation by UV radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Sorlini S. , Gialdini F. , Stefan M.
Published: January 2010

Arsenic is a widespread contaminant in the environment around the world. The most abundant species of arsenic in groundwater are arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)]. Several arsenic removal processes can reach good removal yields only if arsenic is present as As(V). For this reason it is often necessary to proceed with a preliminary oxidation of As(III) to As(V) prior to the removal technology. Several studies have focused on arsenic oxidation with conventional reagents and advanced oxidation processes. In the present study the arsenic oxidation was evaluated using hydrogen peroxide, UV radiation and their combination in distilled and in real groundwater samples. Hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation alone are not effective at the arsenic oxidation. Good arsenic oxidation yields can be reached in presence of hydrogen peroxide combined with a high UV radiation dose (2,000 mJ/cm2). The quantum efficiencies for As(III) oxidation were calculated for both the UV photolysis and the UV/H2O2 processes.
Polluted aquifers: identification and characterisation by statistical analysis
Authors: Boemo Analía , Musso Haydée , Lomniczi Irene
Published: January 2010

Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis applied to chemical components and physicochemical properties of well water proved to be a useful tool for identification and characterisation of aquifers. Underground water of Lerma Valley (Salta, Argentina) was examined for its physical and chemical properties by sampling 46 wells located in two adjacent areas separated by hills, one of them polluted with boron since 1991. Hierarchical clustering splits sampled sites into two main clusters, corresponding to the two areas, establishing the fact that the aquifers should be considered as two different entities in spite of their common recharge area. Values of boron concentration in the eastern area decreased in most of the wells since the pollution sources were eradicated, while four of them experienced a substantial increase, proof of the slow self-recovery of the aquifer. The use of principal component analysis provided evidence of the incipient boron pollution of the aquifer of the western area.
Enterophages, a group of phages infecting Enterococcus faecalis, and their potential as alternate indicators of human faecal contamination
Authors: Bonilla N. , Santiago T. , Marcos P. , Urdaneta M. , Domingo J. Santo , Toranzos G. A.
Published: January 2010

We have developed a method for the detection of viruses in environmental samples that we have called enterophages, that specifically infect Enterococcus faecalis. This method has allowed us to determine the prevalence and to study the ecology of this group of phages. The enterophages replicate at 37°C, and at 41°C. The presence of NaN3 in the media inhibits the growth of background microbiota and allows an accurate, specific and rapid detection of these viruses. Enterophages were present in raw domestic sewage at lower concentrations (average 1.8 × 102 PFU/100 mL) than those of coliphages (average 1.7 × 105 PFU/100 mL). Phages were characterised by transmission electron microscopy showing icosahedral capsids, some with non-contractile tails as well as icosahedral non-tailed capsids. Different isolates had capsid sizes ranging from 20 nm to about 75 nm in diameter. These data describe a new group of phages that may serve as alternate indicators of human faecal pollution, especially in recreational waters. The ecology of these enterophages indicates that these may be strictly of human origin.
Development and validation of an integrated cell culture-qRTPCR assay for simultaneous quantification of coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and polioviruses in disinfection studies
Authors: Mayer B. K. , Ryu H. , Gerrity D. , Abbaszadegan M.
Published: January 2010

This study demonstrated the applicability of integrated cell culture-quantitative RTPCR (ICC-qRTPCR) for the simultaneous quantification of coxsackievirus, echovirus, and poliovirus in disinfection studies. Buffalo green monkey cells were inoculated with a 10-fold dilution series of mixed enteroviruses and incubated prior to qRTPCR quantification. Optimal assay conditions included three post infection washes and a 24-hour post infection incubation period based on successful differentiation between infectious and noninfectious viruses and significant and consistent viral replication rates. Ultraviolet disinfection studies were performed to validate the ICC-qRTPCR assay. Using the optimized assay, three-log microbial inactivation was achieved at UV doses of 30–44, 28–42, and 28–29 mJ/cm2 for coxsackievirus B6, echovirus 12, and poliovirus 1, respectively. These results compare favorably to side-by-side assessments using conventional cultural techniques and values previously reported in the literature. This indicates that ICC-qRTPCR is a practical alternative for the simultaneous quantification of enteroviruses in disinfection studies.
Evaluation of a novel electropositive filter for the concentration of viruses from diverse water matrices
Authors: Bennett H. B. , O'Dell H. D. , Norton G. , Shin G. , Hsu F.-C. , Meschke J. S.
Published: January 2010

Human enteric viruses are important agents of waterborne illness. They are diffusely distributed in environmental waters, necessitating concentration of tens to hundreds of litres for effective detection. This study evaluates the novel ViroCap disposable capsule filter for concentration of coliphage MS2 and poliovirus (PV1) from deionised (DI) water and artificial seawater, as well as natural ground, surface, and seawater. Retention and recoveries for the ViroCap were compared with two well-characterised filters: the 1MDS for DI water, and the OptiCap XL for artificial seawater. The mean adsorption for MS2 by the ViroCap was 88%. Recovery of MS2 was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.01) than alternative filters tested: 65% from DI water and 63% from artificial seawater, compared to 30% for the 1MDS and 15% for the OptiCap for the respective matrices. Recovery of PV1 from DI water (37%) was similar to that of the 1MDS (51%). PV1 recoveries from artificial seawater were significantly greater (p ≤ 0.01) for the ViroCap (44%) than the OptiCap (11%). Recovery of MS2 from seeded environmental samples yielded 44% from groundwater, 53% from surface water, and 51% from seawater. ViroCap disposable filter is efficient for concentrating MS2 and PV1 from diverse matrices and is robust across a range of ionic concentrations.
Extreme value statistics for river quality simulations
Authors: Schindler N. , Tränckner J. , Krebs P.
Published: January 2010

Various methods have been proposed to assess intermittent pollution loads and impacts on rivers in urban areas. Although the variables to describe the impact are mainly the same, the standards show significant differences in the assessment of permitted concentration level, duration and return period. The probability of an event is derived using either frequencies of occurrence or predefined extreme value distributions. Both methods have drawbacks. To bypass these, an a posteriori estimation of the statistical distribution of data based on the peak-over-threshold method is proposed. The method is exemplarily demonstrated using a semi-virtual case study.
Treatment of vegetable oily wastewater using an integrated microfiltration–reverse osmosis system
Authors: Yu Xiaoli , Zhong Zhaoxiang , Xing Weihong
Published: January 2010

Vegetable oil processing plants and catering trade often generate a large amount of oil-containing wastewater, which causes serious environmental problems. The objective of this work was to explore the feasibility of vegetable oil wastewater treatment with an integrated microfiltration–reverse osmosis (MF–RO) process. The influence of operational parameters on the separation behaviors were investigated in MF process. In MF continuous process the steady flux was around 90 (L/m2 h) when the concentrated multiple reached 16, and the oil content in permeate was less than 12 mg/L. In the RO continuous process, antifouling membrane was used to treat permeate from the ceramic membrane process in order to improve the water quality. The RO process had a permeate flux of 24 (L/m2 h) and water recovery rate of 95%. The permeate from the RO stage was free of oil, and its TOC and conductivity were less than 0.6 mg/L and 50 μs/cm, respectively. The results demonstrated that the two stage membrane process combining MF and RO is highly efficient in the treatment of oil-containg wastewater.
Model analysis of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of sewage sludge treatment systems with different processes and scales
Authors: Soda S. , Iwai Y. , Sei K. , Shimod Y. , Ike M.
Published: January 2010

An energy consumption model was developed for evaluating sewage sludge treatment plants (SSTPs) incorporating various treatment processes such as thickening, anaerobic digestion, dewatering, incineration, and melting. Based on data analyses from SSTPs in Osaka, Japan, electricity consumption intensities for thickening, anaerobic digestion, dewatering, incineration, and melting and heat consumption intensities for anaerobic digestion, incineration, and melting were expressed as functions of sludge-loading on each unit process. The model was applied for predicting the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of SSTPs using various treatment processes and power and heat generation processes using digestion gas. Results showed that SSTPs lacking incineration and melting processes but having power generation processes showed excess energy production at the high sludge-loading rate. Energy consumption of the SSTPs without incineration and melting processes were low, but their GHG emissions were high because of CH4 and N2O emissions from sludge cake at the landfill site. Incineration and melting processes consume much energy, but have lower CH4 and N2O emissions.
Uncertainty in bulk-liquid hydrodynamics and biofilm dynamics creates uncertainties in biofilm reactor design
Authors: Boltz J. P. , Daigger G. T.
Published: January 2010

While biofilm reactors may be classified as one of seven different types, the design of each is unified by fundamental biofilm principles. It follows that state-of-the art design of each biofilm reactor type is subject to the same uncertainties (although the degree of uncertainty may vary). This paper describes unifying biofilm principles and uncertainties of importance in biofilm reactor design. This approach to biofilm reactor design represents a shift from the historical approach which was based on empirical criteria and design formulations. The use of such design criteria was largely due to inherent uncertainty over reactor-scale hydrodynamics and biofilm dynamics, which correlate with biofilm thickness, structure and function. An understanding of two fundamental concepts is required to rationally design biofilm reactors: bioreactor hydrodynamics and biofilm dynamics (with particular emphasis on mass transfer resistances). Bulk-liquid hydrodynamics influences biofilm thickness control, surface area, and development. Biofilm dynamics influences biofilm thickness, structure and function. While the complex hydrodynamics of some biofilm reactors such as trickling filters and biological filters have prevented the widespread use of fundamental biofilm principles and mechanistic models in practice, reactors utilizing integrated fixed-film activated sludge or moving bed technology provide a bulk-liquid hydrodynamic environment allowing for their application. From a substrate transformation perspective, mass transfer in biofilm reactors defines the primary difference between suspended growth and biofilm systems: suspended growth systems are kinetically (i.e., biomass) limited and biofilm reactors are primarily diffusion (i.e., biofilm growth surface area) limited.
Wastewater treatment using a novel bioreactor with submerged packing bed of polyethylene tape
Authors: Mijaylova Nacheva P. , Moeller Chávez G.
Published: January 2010

The performance of a novel aerobic bioreactor with a specially designed submerged packing bed of high specific surface area density, made of polyethylene tape, was studied for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The reactor has a volume of 0.71 m3 and the specific area of the packing bed was 1,098 m2/m3. The operation was performed with and without effluent recycling, applying different organic loads in the range of 4.0–17.6 g COD m−2 d−1. No back-washings were carried out. Overall BOD5 removals of 90–95% were obtained with organic loads of 4.0–17.6 g COD m−2 d−1 and HRT of 0.2–1.1 h. Overall TN removal of 69–72% was obtained at loads of 0.8–4.6 g TN m−2 d−1 when effluent recycling was used. The reactor allowed obtaining high quality water for urban reuse and demonstrated an effective process performance and resistance to load variations. The developed biofilm was completely penetrated by the organic matter, ammonia and oxygen, providing high removal rates. Large biomass quantities, up to 13 g dry VS/m2, were reached in the reactor and the determined sludge yield coefficient was relatively low, of 0.25 g VSS/g COD. These results allow obtaining compact treatment systems with low sludge production and make the technology a suitable option for small wastewater treatment plants.
Solar photocatalytic disinfection with immobilised TiO2 at pilot-plant scale
Authors: Sordo Carlos , Van Grieken Rafael , Marugán Javier , Fernández-Ibáñez Pilar
Published: January 2010

The photocatalytic disinfection efficiency has been investigated for two immobilized TiO2 catalytic systems (wall reactor and fixed-bed reactor) in a solar pilot plant. Their performances have been compared with the use of a slurry reactor and the solar disinfection without catalyst. The use of photocatalytic TiO2 wall reactors does no show clear benefits over the solar disinfection process in the absence of catalyst. The reason is that the efficiency of the solar disinfection is so high that the presence of titania in the reactor wall reduces the global efficiency due to the competition for the absorption of photons. As expected, the maximum efficiency was shown by the slurry TiO2 reactor, due to the optimum contact between bacteria and catalyst. However, it is noticeable that the use of the fixed-bed reactor leads to inactivation rate quite close to that of the slurry, requiring comparable accumulated solar energy of about 6 kJ L−1 to achieve a 6-log decrease in the concentration of viable bacteria and allowing a total disinfection of the water (below the detection limit of 1 CFU mL−1). Not only the high titania surface area of this configuration is responsible for the bacteria inactivation but the important contribution of the mechanical stress has to be considered. The main advantage of the fixed-bed TiO2 catalyst is the outstanding stability, without deactivation effects after ten reaction cycles, being readily applicable for continuous water treatment systems.
Dynamics in Flocculation and Settling Properties Studied at a Full‐Scale Activated Sludge Plant
Authors: Wilén Britt‐Marie , Lumley Doug , Mattsson Ann , Mino Takashi
Published: January 2010

A comprehensive study of the dynamics in settling and flocculation properties at a full‐scale activated sludge treatment plant with secondary settlers operated at their maximum capacity is presented. An extensive set of process data was analyzed to assess physical parameters affecting the capacity and performance of the secondary settlers. There was a large variation in the settling and compaction properties, and they changed quickly, as a result of the short sludge age. Even though the flocculation properties changed throughout the year, they were generally improved during the summer, with lower values of effluent turbidity and effluent suspended solids concentration. The shear sensitivity, which is a measure of floc stability, was higher during the winter, when the water temperatures were lower. The sludge floc morphology had, in general, a different internal structure, with more round microbial colonies during the warmer summer months and a more net‐like open structure during the winter.
Monitoring of Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn in Wastewater during Treatment in a Horizontal Rotating Tubular Bioreactor
Authors: Zeiner Michaela , Rezić Tonči , Šantek Božidar
Published: January 2010

The most appropriate systems for treatment of metal‐contaminated waters are bioreactors with microbial biofilms. A horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor (HRTB) was studied for its applicability for removing copper, iron, nickel, and zinc (Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn) from wastewater. Monitoring of the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn by a fast, simple, onsite method was needed to make decisions for further optimization. The UV‐VIS spectrophotometric quantification of Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, 1,10‐phenathroline, dimethylglyoxime, and 2‐{[α‐(2‐Hydroxy‐5‐sulfophenylazo)‐benzylidene]‐hydrazino}‐benzoic acid monosodium salt (= zincon monosodium salt) as reagents, respectively, was optimized and validated. The limits of quantification were 0.14, 0.12, 0.21, and 0.03 mg/L for Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn, respectively. The recovery for all elements was between 98 and 104%, the uncertainty of measurement was less than 6%. Depending on the reactor parameters applied, metal removals from 40 to more than 90% could be obtained.
Response of Phytochelatins and Their Relationship with Cadmium Toxicity in a Floating Macrophyte Pistia stratiotes L. at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations
Authors: Wang C. , Wang L.Y. , Sun Q.
Published: January 2010

An indoor experiment was undertaken to investigate the response of phytochelatins and their relationship to cadmium toxicity in Pistia stratiotes L., a free‐floating macrophyte, exposed to low concentrations of cadmium typically found in realistic environments. Cadmium concentrations of 0.01 to 0.08 µM had no toxic effects on the growth of this plant, as indicated by no significant changes in the fresh weights of leaves and roots and the slight induction of phytochelatins in plant tissues, whereas cadmium concentrations of 0.16 to 1 µM were toxic, and cadmium toxicity increased with the increase of cadmium concentrations in solutions, accompanied by the dramatic production of phytochelatins in plant tissues, especially in roots. There was a positive correction between root phytochelatin levels and cadmium toxicity, as measured by the growth inhibition rate of the root fresh weight. The results suggested that phytochelatins in aquatic macrophytes can serve as sensitive biomarkers for heavy metal toxicity in a moderately polluted water environment.
Analysis of the Gas Holdup Evolution in a Circulating Jet-Loop Nitrifying MBR
Authors: Kouakou Edouard , Marchot P , Crine M
Published: January 2010

This paper presents an analysis of the gas holdup evolution in a novel type of jet-loop membrane bioreactor (JLMBR), designed for nitrogen removal through the nitrite route application. Its configuration is inspired from airlift systems. It consists of a 60-l reactor made of an internal airlift system coupled to an external liquid recirculation loop. Hollow fiber membranes are submerged in the riser compartment. The process was intermittently fed with a synthetic ammonia solution and the gas holdup evolution was monitored for 500 to 600 days. Experiments were performed using flowrates ranging from 0.4 to 1.03 Nm3/h, and from 0 to 0.6 m3/h for air and water, respectively. This corresponded to superficial velocities from 0.004 to 0.03 m.s-1 for air and 0 to 0.011 m.s-1 for water. The gas holdup ?g was directly measured by the volume expansion method, using a tubular level meter located on the plant. The reported results showed that, in the absence of microorganisms, ?g ranged between 0.5 and 5.5% for the investigated range of gas liquid superficial velocities, whilst increasing from 0.5 to 4.8% only in the presence of gas (no liquid recirculation). This double influence of the air and the liquid velocities on the gas holdup was described by a multilinear correlation.However in the presence of biosolids in the reactor, the gas holdup raised up to 6.5%, corresponding to an increase of ca. 48% (in average, with respect to data recorded on day 0). This increase in ?g was attributed to both a gas entrainment effect and an impact of the bioparticles recirculated into the reactor. Under experimental conditions investigated, the gas holdup increased linearly with the air and the liquid velocities, what corresponded to the bubbly flow regime in the system. This showed that, according to investigated conditions, the impact of circulated biomass was not enough to change the bubble gas flow regime.
Thermochemical Solar Reactor: Simplified Method for the Geometrical Optimization at a Given Incident Flux
Authors: Tescari Stefania , Neveu Pierre , Mazet Nathalie
Published: January 2010

This paper aims to describe a simplified method to optimize the geometry of a solar thermochemical reactor. As a first step, this paper focuses on a purely thermal analysis. The chemical reaction is represented by a uniform heat sink inside the material. The heat transfer modes are radiation in the empty part (cavity) and conduction inside the reactive material. The aim is to find the optimal geometry of the reactor, by maximizing its efficiency, for a fixed value of the incident solar flux and of the total volume of the reactor. An analytical solution can be found thanks to some simplifying hypothesis. The influence of different operational parameters on the maximal efficiency and on the optimal shape is studied. A comparison between different reactor designs (cylindrical and cavity reactors) is shown. A 2D study, based on CFD software using a finite element method, allows for quantifying the effects of the simplifying assumptions. The constructal theory aims to optimize the internal structure of a system in order to provide easier access to its internal currents and increase the system efficiency. Thus, this study can be seen as the optimization of the elemental volume of the constructal approach. In a next step this optimization method will be used to optimize more complex reactor design, as for example, a honeycomb reactor obtained by the assembling of several cavities, in order to optimize a thermochemical reactor for hydrogen production or high temperature heat storage.
Kinetics of Catalytic Thermal Pretreatment (Catalytic Thermolysis) of Distillery Wastewater and Bio-Digester Effluent of Alcohol Production Plant at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Chaudhari Parmesh Kumar , Singh Rajkumar , Mishra Indra Mani , Chand Shri
Published: January 2010

This paper presents the kinetics of catalytic thermolysis of the sugarcane molasses based alcohol distillery wastewater coming out from distillation unit (distillery wastewater or DWW) and the biodigester (biodigester effluent or BDE) having high biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD). The effluents were thermally pretreated at 80-100°C and atmospheric pressure in the presence of various catalysts. The homogeneous copper sulphate and the heterogeneous metal oxide catalysts, such as CuO, MnO2-CeO2 and ZnO were used for the catalytic thermolysis. The CuO catalyst was found to be best amongst all the catalysts, giving 47% COD reduction, 68% colour reduction for DWW and 61% COD reduction, 78% colour reduction for BDE at 100°C using 4 kg m-3 catalyst loading in 12h. The experimental data on the catalytic thermolysis exhibit two clearly distinct COD reduction phases: the first phase being fast followed by the second phase which is a slower. Both the phases of the catalytic thermolysis are found to follow first order COD reduction kinetics. Catalytic thermolysis with 3 kg m-3 CuO at 100°C and atmospheric pressure shows about 1.6 and 1.5 times higher COD reductions in comparison to that without using a catalyst for the DWW and BDE, respectively.
Constrained Hybrid Neural Modelling of Biotechnological Processes
Authors: Karama Asma , Bernard Olivier , Gouzé Jean-Luc
Published: January 2010

We propose a general methodology to develop a hybrid neural model for a wide range of biotechnological processes. The hybrid neural modelling approach combines the flexibility of a neural network representation of unknown process kinetics with a global mass-balance based process description. The hybrid model is built in such a way that its trajectories keep their physical and biological meaning (mass balance, positivity of the concentrations, boundness, saturation or inhibition of kinetics) even far from the identification data conditions. We examine the constraints (a priori knowledge) that must be satisfied by the model and that provide additional conditions to be imposed on the neural network. We illustrate our approach with various biotechnological processes showing how to select the appropriate neural network architecture. The method is detailed for modelling an anaerobic wastewater treatment bioreactor using experimental data.
Metacognitive Factors that Impact Student Nurse Use of Point of Care Technology in Clinical Settings
Authors: Kuiper RuthAnne
Published: January 2010

The utility of personal digital assistants (PDA) as a point of care resource in health care practice and education presents new challenges for nursing faculty. While there is a plethora of PDA resources available, little is known about the variables that effect student learning and technology adoption. In this study nursing students used PDA software programs which included a drug guide, medical dictionary, laboratory manual and nursing diagnosis manual during acute care clinical experiences. Analysis of student journals comparative reflective statements about the PDA as an adjunct to other available resources in clinical practice are presented. The benefits of having a PDA included readily available data, validation of thinking processes, and facilitation of care plan re-evaluation. Students reported increased frequency of use and independence. Significant correlations between user perceptions and computer self-efficacy suggested greater confidence in abilities with technology resulting in increased self-awareness and achievement of learning outcomes.
Causes of Caregiver Turnover and the Potential Effectiveness of Wage Subsidies for Solving the Long-Term Care Workforce 'Crisis'
Authors: Powers Elizabeth T , Powers Nicholas J
Published: January 2010

Detailed data on private providers of long-term community-based residential services for persons with developmental disabilities permit investigation of the causes of frontline worker turnover. The endogeneity of turnover with compensation variables is accounted for in the estimation using instrumental variables. Turnover is determined by resident characteristics, frontline-worker compensation, and establishment characteristics. The share of higher-need residents and agency size predict higher turnover, while compensation and non-profit status are associated with lower turnover. Our findings indicate that public policies to reduce turnover through compensation subsidization can be effective. Our preferred estimates suggest an approximate one-quarter increase in total compensation would cut turnover by one-third.
The T-Allele of TCF7L2 rs7903146 Associates With a Reduced Compensation of Insulin Secretion for Insulin Resistance Induced by 9 Days of Bed Rest
Authors: Alibegovic Amra C. , Sonne Mette P. , Højbjerre Lise , Hansen Torben , Pedersen Oluf , van Hall Gerrit , Holst Jens J. , Stallknecht Bente , Dela Flemming , Vaag Allan
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine whether the type 2 diabetes–associated T-allele of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 associates with impaired insulin secretion to compensate for insulin resistance induced by bed rest.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 38 healthy young Caucasian men were studied before and after bed rest using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique combined with indirect calorimetry preceded by an intravenous glucose tolerance test. The TCF7L2 rs7903146 was genotyped using allelic discrimination performed with an ABI 7900 system. The genetic analyses were done assuming a dominant model of inheritance.

RESULTS

The first-phase insulin response (FPIR) was significantly lower in carriers of the T-allele compared with carriers of the CC genotype before bed rest, with and without correction for insulin resistance. The incremental rise of FPIR in response to insulin resistance induced by bed rest was lower in carriers of the T-allele (P < 0.001). Fasting plasma glucagon levels were significantly lower in carriers of the T-allele before and after bed rest. While carriers of the CC genotype developed increased hepatic insulin resistance, the TCF7L2 rs7903146 did not influence peripheral insulin action or the rate of lipolysis before or after bed rest.

CONCLUSIONS

Healthy carriers of the T-allele of TCF7L2 rs7903146 exhibit a diminished increase of insulin secretion in response to intravenous glucose to compensate for insulin resistance as induced by bed rest. Reduced paracrine glucagon stimulation may contribute to the impairment of β-cell function in the carriers TCF7L2 rs7903146 T-allele associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Impact of rs361072 in the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110β Gene on Whole-Body Glucose Metabolism and Subunit Protein Expression in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Ribel-Madsen Rasmus , Poulsen Pernille , Holmkvist Johan , Mortensen Brynjulf , Grarup Niels , Friedrichsen Martin , Jørgensen Torben , Lauritzen Torsten , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F.P. , Pedersen Oluf , Hansen Torben , Vaag Allan
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is a major effector in insulin signaling. rs361072, located in the promoter of the gene (PIK3CB) for the p110β subunit, has previously been found to be associated with homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in obese subjects. The aim was to investigate the influence of rs361072 on in vivo glucose metabolism, skeletal muscle PI3K subunit protein levels, and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The functional role of rs361072 was studied in 196 Danish healthy adult twins. Peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity was assessed by a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Basal and insulin-stimulated biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle, and tissue p110β and p85α proteins were measured by Western blotting. The genetic association with type 2 diabetes and quantitative metabolic traits was investigated in 9,316 Danes with glucose tolerance ranging from normal to overt type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS

While hepatic insulin resistance was similar in the fasting state, carriers of the minor G allele had lower hepatic glucose output (per-allele effect: −16%, Padd = 0.004) during high physiological insulin infusion. rs361072 did not associate with insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose disposal despite a decreased muscle p85α:p110β protein ratio (Padd = 0.03) in G allele carriers. No association with HOMA-IR or type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.07, P = 0.5) was identified, and obesity did not interact with rs361072 on these traits.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study suggests that the minor G allele of PIK3CB rs361072 associates with decreased muscle p85α:p110β ratio and lower hepatic glucose production at high plasma insulin levels. However, no impact on type 2 diabetes prevalence was found.
Landau quantization for an induced electric dipole in the presence of topological defects
Authors: Bakke Knut , Ribeiro Lincoln , Furtado Claudio
Published: January 2010

In this contribution we investigate the non-relativistic quantum dynamics of induced electric dipoles in the presence of a topological defect. We propose an analog of Landau quantization for neutral atoms, where a electric dipole is induced by the electromagnetic field configuration. We investigate this system in the presence of a topological defect and show that it breaks the infinite degeneracy of Landau levels.
Characterization of proteins associating with 5’ terminus of PGHS-1 mRNA
Authors: Bunimov Natalia , Laneuville Odette
Published: January 2010

Induction of Prostaglandin Endoperoxide H Synthase-1 (PGHS-1) gene has been previously documented in a few studies during events such as development and cellular differentiation. However, molecular mechanisms governing the regulation of PGHS-1 gene expression and contributing to changes in protein levels are poorly understood. Using the MEG-01 cell model of PGHS-1 gene induction, our laboratory has previously demonstrated that the 5’UTR and the first two exons of PGHS-1 mRNA had a significant impact on decreasing the translational efficiency of a reporter gene and suggested that the presence of a secondary structure is required for conservation of this activity. This 5’end of PGHS-1 mRNA sequence has also been shown to associate with nucleolin protein. In the current study, we set to investigate the protein composition of the mRNP (messenger ribonucleoprotein) associating with the 5’end of PGHS-1 mRNA and to identify its protein members. RNA/protein binding assays coupled with LC-MS analysis identified serpin B1 and NF45 (nuclear factor 45) proteins as potential members of PGHS-1 mRNP complex. Immunoprecipitation experiments using MEG-01 protein extracts validated mass spectrometry data and confirmed binding of nucleolin, serpin B1, NF45 and NF90. The RNA fraction was extracted from immunoprecipitated mRNP complexes and association of RNA binding proteins, serpin B1, NF45 and NF90, to PGHS-1 mRNA target sequence was confirmed by RT-PCR. Together these data suggest that serpin B1, NF45 and NF90 associate with PGHS-1 mRNA and can potentially participate in the formation a single or a number of PGHS-1 ribonucleoprotein complexes, through nucleolin that possibly serves as a docking base for other protein complex members.
How to Develop Patient-Centered Research: Some Perspectives Based on Surveys Among People With Rheumatic Diseases in Scandinavia
Authors: Kjeken Ingvild , Ziegler Connie , Skrolsvik Jack , Bagge Jan , Smedslund Geir , Tøvik Anne , Dagfinrud Hanne S. , Petersson Ingemar F. , Hagen Kåre Birger
Published: January 2010

Patient-centered research addresses the research agenda of patients and captures aspects of health and functioning that they consider important. Yet, those who live with a disease or condition have limited influence when it comes to setting the research agenda, and we know little about how they experience being participants in research studies. Furthermore, knowledge is limited concerning factors enhancing or hindering patients' participation in trials and the format that people with rheumatic diseases and their families prefer for dissemination of the results from clinical research. This perspective article describes the research priorities of people with rheumatic diseases in Scandinavia, their experiences and attitudes concerning participation in research projects, and which format for research information they prefer. Based on results from 3 surveys organized by the Scandinavian Rheumatism Associations and on related research literature, the possible implications for future research also are discussed.