bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mus308 Processes Oxygen and Nitrogen Ethylation DNA Damage in Germ Cells of Drosophila
Authors: Díaz-Valdés Nancy , Comendador Miguel A. , Sierra L. María
Published: September 2010

The D. melanogaster mus308 gene, highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, is implicated in the repair of cross‐links and of O‐ethylpyrimidine DNA damage, working in a DNA damage tolerance mechanism. However, despite its relevance, its possible role on the processing of different DNA ethylation damages is not clear. To obtain data on mutation frequency and on mutation spectra in mus308 deficient (mus308-) conditions, the ethylating agent diethyl sulfate (DES) was analysed in postmeiotic male germ cells. These data were compared with those corresponding to mus308 efficient conditions. Our results indicate that Mus308 is necessary for the processing of oxygen and N‐ethylation damage, for the survival of fertilized eggs depending on the level of induced DNA damage, and for an influence of the DNA damage neighbouring sequence. These results support the role of mus308 in a tolerance mechanism linked to a translesion synthesis pathway and also to the alternative end‐joinig system.
The historical development of Presbyterian ordination polity as background to the gay and lesbian ordination debate in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
Authors: Vermaak Roch� F.
Published: September 2010

The United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. and the Presbyterian Church in the U.S. united in 1983 to form the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Since 1978, these three denominations have been involved in an ongoing debate regarding same-gender relationships. Subsequently, General Assemblies and General Assembly Permanent Judicial Commissions (GAPJC) � the highest denominational court � have formed a polity regarding the election and ordination and/or installation of gays and lesbians as officers, i.e. deacons, elders, and ministers of the Word and Sacrament, as well as same-gender blessings and marriages. This first of three papers will focus on the historical development of Presbyterian ordination polity with emphasis on specific markers such as the Adopting Act of 1729 with its emphasis on scrupling and essentials, the five fundamentals of 1910 and the Special Commission of 1925 regarding subscription, G-6.0106b Book of Order, and relevant GAPJC rulings.
The polity debate regarding gay and lesbian ordination and/or installation in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)
Authors: Vermaak Roch� F.
Published: September 2010

The paper summarises the formation process of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)�s (PC(USA)) polity regarding the ordination and/or installation of partnered gays and lesbians as officers, i.e. deacons, elders and ministers of the Word and Sacrament, in light of General Assemblies� decisions and General Assembly Permanent Judicial Commissions� ecclesiastical rulings since the 1970's.
Credit Money and Macroeconomic Instability in the Agent-based Model and Simulator Eurace
Authors: Cincotti Silvano , Raberto Marco , Teglio Andrea
Published: September 2010

This paper investigates the interplay between monetary aggregates and the dynamics and variability of output and prices by considering both the money supplied by commercial banks as credit to firms and the fiat money created by the central bank through the quantitative easing monetary policy. The authors address this problem by means of an agent-based model and simulator, called Eurace, which is characterized by a complete set of interrelated markets and different types of interacting agents, modeled according to a rigorous balance-sheet approach. The dynamics of credit money is endogenous and depends on the supply of credit from the banking system, which is constrained by its equity base, and the demand of credit from firms in order to finance their production activity. Alternative dynamic paths for credit money have been produced by setting different firms’ dividend policies. Results point out the strict dependence of output and prices dynamics on monetary aggregates, and show the emergence of endogenous business cycles which are mainly due to the interplay between the real economic activity and its financing through the credit market. In particular, the amplitude of the business cycles strongly rises when the fraction of earnings paid out by firms as dividends is higher, that is when firms are more constrained to borrow credit money to fund their activity. This interesting evidence can be explained by the fact that the level of firms leverage, defined as the debt-equity ratio, can be considered ad a proxy of the likelihood of bankruptcy, an event which causes mass layoffs and supply decrease.
Impact of different definitions of clear-sky flux on the determination of longwave cloud radiative forcing: NICAM simulation results
Authors: Sohn B. J. , Nakajima T. , Satoh M. , Jang H.-S.
Published: September 2010

Abstract. Using one month of the cloud-resolving Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) simulations, we examined the impact of different definitions of clear-sky flux on the determination of longwave cloud radiative forcing (CRF). Because the satellite-like cloud-free composite preferentially samples drier conditions relative to the all-sky mean state, the conventional clear-sky flux calculation using the all-sky mean state in the model may represent a more humid atmospheric state in comparison to the cloud-free state. The drier bias is evident for the cloud-free composite in the NICAM simulations, causing an overestimation of the longwave CRF by about 10% compared to the NICAM simulated longwave CRF. Overall, water vapor contributions of up to 10% of the total longwave CRF should be added to make the NICAM-generated cloud forcing comparable to the satellite measurements.
Regulation of stream water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations during snowmelt; the role of discharge, winter climate and memory effects
Authors: Ågren A. , Haei M. , Köhler S. J. , Bishop K. , Laudon H.
Published: September 2010

Abstract. Using a 15 year stream record from a northern boreal catchment, we demonstrate that the inter-annual variation in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations during snowmelt was related to discharge, winter climate and previous DOC export. A short and intense snowmelt gave higher stream water DOC concentrations, as did long winters, while a high previous DOC export during the antecedent summer and autumn resulted in lower concentrations during the following spring. By removing the effect of discharge we could detect that the length of winter affected the modeled soil water DOC concentrations during the following snowmelt period, which in turn affected the concentrations in the stream. Winter climate explained more of the stream water DOC variations than previous DOC export during the antecedent summer and autumn.
Initiation of a Marinoan Snowball Earth in a state-of-the-art atmosphere-ocean general circulation model
Authors: Voigt A. , Abbot D. S. , Pierrehumbert R. T. , Marotzke J.
Published: September 2010

Abstract. We study the initiation of a Marinoan Snowball Earth (635 million years before present) with the most sophisticated atmosphere-ocean general circulation model ever used for this purpose, ECHAM5/MPI-OM. A comparison with a pre-industrial control climate shows that the change of surface boundary conditions from present-day to Marinoan, including a shift of continents to low latitudes, induces a global mean cooling of 4.6 K. Two thirds of this cooling can be attributed to increased planetary albedo, the remaining one third to a weaker greenhouse effect. The Marinoan Snowball Earth bifurcation point for pre-industrial atmospheric carbon dioxide is between 95.5 and 96% of the present-day total solar irradiance (TSI), whereas a previous study with the same model found that it was between 91 and 94% for present-day surface boundary conditions. A Snowball Earth for TSI set to its Marinoan value (94% of the present-day TSI) is prevented by quadrupling carbon dioxide with respect to its pre-industrial level. A zero-dimensional energy balance model is used to predict the Snowball Earth bifurcation point from only the equilibrium global mean ocean potential temperature for present-day TSI. We do not find stable states with sea-ice cover above 55%, and land conditions are such that glaciers could not grow with sea-ice cover of 55%. Therefore, none of our simulations qualifies as a "slushball" solution. In summary, our results contradict previous claims that Snowball Earth initiation would require "extreme" forcings.
Short term variations of tracer transit speed on alpine glaciers
Authors: Werder M. A. , Schuler T. V. , Funk M.
Published: September 2010

Abstract. We first present the results of a series of tracer experiments conducted on an alpine glacier (Gornergletscher, Switzerland) over a diurnal discharge cycle. For these injections, a moulin was used into which an ice marginal lake was draining, providing a relatively constant discharge. The measured tracer transit speeds show two diurnal maxima and minima. These findings are qualitatively different to existing observations from two series of injections conducted at Unteraargletscher (Switzerland) using a moulin fed by supraglacial meltwater having a high diurnal variability, which displayed one diurnal maximum and minimum. We then develop and use a simple two-component model of the glacier drainage system, comprising a moulin and a channel element, to simulate the measured transit speeds for all three injection series. The model successfully reproduces all the observations and shows that the same underlying processes can produce the qualitatively different behaviour depending on the different moulin input discharge regimes. Using the model, we assess the relative importance of the different measurement quantities, show that frequent measurements of moulin input discharge are indispensable and propose an experiment design to monitor the development of the drainage system over several weeks.
Dynamic Projection of Medication Nonpersistence and Nonadherence Among Patients With Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Rinder Pierre , Marcille Théo , Sinel-Boucher Paul , Cals-Maurette Mallory , Kanoun Dorra , Levy Christelle , Teixeira Luis , Hornus Pierre , Szeftel Daniel , Heudel Pierre-Etienne
Published: May 2024

Importance

Oral endocrine treatments have been shown to be effective when carefully adhered to. However, in patients with early breast cancer, adherence challenges are notable, with 17% experiencing nonpersistence and 41% nonadherence at least once.

Objective

To model the persistence of and adherence to oral anticancer treatment of a patient with localized breast cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was conducted using anonymous reimbursement data belonging to French female patients with breast cancer, extracted from the French Health Insurance database from January 2013 to December 2018. Data analysis was conducted from January 2021 to May 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was the detection of episodes of nonpersistence and nonadherence 6 months before they happened. Adherence was defined as the ratio between the time covered by a drug purchase and the time between 2 purchases; patients were considered nonadherent if the ratio of their next 3 purchases was less than 80%. Disparities in persistence and adherence based on criteria such as age, treatment type, and income were identified.

Results

A total of 229 695 female patients (median [IQR] age, 63 [52-72] years) with localized breast cancer were included. A deep learning model based on a gated-recurrent unit architecture was used to detect episodes of nonpersistence or nonadherence. This model demonstrated an area under the receiving operating curve of 0.71 for persistence and 0.73 for adherence. Analyzing the Shapley Additive Explanations values also gave insights into the contribution of the different features over the model’s decision. Patients older than 70 years, with past nonadherence, taking more than 1 treatment in the previous 3 months, and with low income had greater risk of episodes of nonpersistence. Age and past nonadherence, including regularity of past adherence, were also important features in the nonadherence model.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found associations of patient age and past adherence with nonpersistence or nonadherence. It also suggested that regular intervals in treatment purchases enhanced adherence, in contrast to irregular purchasing patterns. This research offers valuable tools for improving persistence of and adherence to oral anticancer treatment among patients with early breast cancer.
Study: More than 321,000 children lost a parent to drug overdose 2011‐2021
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2024

The oft‐cited statistic of 100,000 overdose deaths a year in the United States has an oft‐unspoken hidden additional tragedy: the children left behind when a parent dies.
An Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Molecule Tailored Versatile Buffer Enabling Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Si Shenglin , Yin Tianzhou , Guo Yixuan , Zhang Zimin , Wen Haoxin , Tan Haiting , Luo Wenqiang , Zhang Zhen , Wu Hualin , Huang Shaoming
Published: May 2024

Interface in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is of vital importance because it dominates deep‐level defects and non‐radiative recombination, thus impacting both efficiency and stability further. Herein, a symmetrical acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) conjugated molecule with the core architecture of terthieno[3,2‐b hiophene and 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1 H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile, named 6TIC, as a versatile buffer layer, is adopted to enhance photovoltaic performance and stability simultaneously. It is found that the conjugated molecule filling at grain boundaries and surface can not only chemically anchor with perovskite components to substantially eliminate interfacial defects and suppress detestable non‐radiative recombination, but also effectively improve the energy level alignment and facilitate charge transfer efficiency at the interface, resulting in an excellent power conversion efficiency of 24.81% with an admirable fill factor of 84.5%. Furthermore, benefiting from the unexceptionable surface protection effect of the hydrophobic buffer layer, greatly improved operational stability is delivered, with retaining 90% of initial efficiency for 960 h aging in a relative humidity of 60 ± 5% air and 1450 h aging under continuous 85 °C heating stress. This strategy may provide a new avenue for advancing high‐efficiency and stable PSCs.
High‐Density Rare‐Earth Single‐Atom‐Triggered Unconventional Transition of Adsorption Configuration on La1Pd Monatomic Alloy Metallene for Sustainable Electrocatalytic Alkynol Semi‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Mao Qiqi , Wang Wenxin , Wu Yueji , Yang Ruidong , Deng Kai , Yu Hongjie , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: May 2024

Electrocatalytic alkynol semi‐hydrogenation for the high‐value chemicals alkenol with mild conditions and carbon‐free emission is a potentially green and sustainable alternative to conventional thermocatalytic routes, which generally involves the design of electrocatalysts with high activity and high selectivity. Here, the rare‐earth single‐atom (Ln = La, Nd, Pr) coordinated Pd metallene (Ln1Pdene) is reported for electrocatalytic 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol (MBY) semi‐hydrogenation reaction (MBY ESHR) to synthesis of 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐2‐ol (MBE). Typically, in alkaline medium containing 0.1 m MBY, MBY conversion and MBE selectivity of La1Pdene are as high as ≈97% and ≈95%, respectively, with excellent electrocatalytic stability. Meanwhile, in situ infrared spectra reveal the conversion of MBY to MBE during the dynamic electrocatalytic process. Theoretical calculations reveal that the interaction between La single‐atom and Pd host triggers an unconventional transformation of the intermediate MBE* adsorption configuration during electrocatalytic hydrogenation, achieving the optimal desorption energy between La1Pd and target product and optimizing the reaction energy barriers to inhibit the over‐hydrogenation of MBE. Moreover, La single‐atom as the adsorption active site of the hydrogen supplier H2O effectively reduces the competition adsorption between the reactants MBY and H2O, rendering La single‐atom and Pd host as the synergistic co‐catalytic active sites to promote the electrocatalytic MBY semi‐hydrogenation reaction.
Hierarchically Programmed Meta‐Louver Fabric for Adaptive Personal Thermal Management
Authors: Zhao Zimeng , Li Haoyun , Peng Yangyang , Hu Jinlian , Sun Fengxin
Published: May 2024

Smart clothing with adaptive personal thermal management functionality is highly desirable for wearing comfort and energy efficiency. However, due to the lack of common materials that can fabricate dynamic thermoregulation fabrics, translating the existing technologies to commercial applications remains challenging. Herein, leveraging an industrial textile manufacturing approach, a hierarchically programmed meta‐louver fabric with switchable modes for both hot and cold is developed. The efficacy of adaptive pore channels by manipulating the orientation of chiral knit loops to regulate water evaporation, as well as thermal convection and radiation, is experimentally demonstrated. In sharp contrast to current pore‐actuated smart textiles, the designed meta‐louver fabric gains its adaptive thermoregulation capacity directly from the multiscale textile structure engineering, ranging from the single‐helical‐fiber enabled yarn actuators to pre‐tension induced chiral‐helical knit loops. This strategy is shown to be also effective for other fiber materials, such as cotton, and thus provides a universal paradigm for a new family of metamaterials by engineering the interconnection of multiscale structures.
Unit‐Cell‐Thickness Electron Confinement by Geometrically Constrained Antipolar Ordering
Authors: Xing Yaolong , Hwang Jaejin , Kang Kyeong Tae , Choi Woo Seok , Lee Jaekwang , Oh Sang Ho
Published: May 2024

Achieving precise electron or spin confinement is essential for the progress of oxide electronics and emerging quantum information processing. While 2D  electron confinement is commonly achieved with bare surfaces, heteroepitaxial interfaces, and charged domain walls, its practical application poses challenges, notably by diverse confinement widths, limited material selection, and the lack of freedom of positioning to a desired location within a given material system. Here, with scrutinizing a novel defect structure, the study suggests a new strategy with compelling evidence to trigger electron confinement down to single unit‐cell‐thickness, through geometrically constrained antipolar ordering facilitated by superlattice‐like periodic planar faults in metallic SrFeO3. Employing atomic resolution electron microscopy and density functional theory, the results demonstrate that electrons are confined two‐dimensionally to screen the positive bound charges on head‐to‐head antipolar state boundary, meanwhile oxygen vacancies segregated in the planar faults compensate the negative bound charges on the tail‐to‐tail one, leading to the stabilization of the antipolar ordering. Additionally, distinguished from traditional methods, this approach offers a potential programing capability for achieving precise charge and spin control by regulating planar fault structure at atomic scale.
Shape‐Persistent Conductive Nerve Guidance Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Song Jiahui , Dong Jize , Yuan Zhengchao , Huang Moran , Yu Xiao , Zhao Yue , Shen Yihong , Wu Jinglei , EL‐Newehy Mohamed , Abdulhameed Meera Moydeen , Sun Binbin , Chen Jiwu , Mo Xiumei
Published: May 2024

To solve the problems of slow regeneration and mismatch of axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been widely used to promote nerve regeneration. Multichannel NGCs have been widely studied to mimic the structure of natural nerve bundles. However, multichannel conduits are prone to structural instability. Thermo‐responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) can maintain a persistent initial structure over the body temperature range. Electrical stimulation (ES), utilized within nerve NGCs, serves as a biological signal to expedite damaged nerve regeneration. Here, an electrospun shape‐persistent conductive NGC is designed to maintain the persistent tubular structure in the physiological temperature range and improve the conductivity. The physicochemical and biocompatibility of these P, P/G, P/G‐GO, and P/G‐RGO NGCs are conducted in vitro. Meanwhile, to evaluate biocompatibility and peripheral nerve regeneration, NGCs are implanted in subcutaneous parts of the back of rats and sciatic nerves assessed by histology and immunofluorescence analyses. The conductive NGC displays a stable structure, good biocompatibility, and promoted nerve regeneration. Collectively, the shape‐persistent conductive NGC (P/G‐RGO) is expected to promote peripheral nerve recovery, especially for long‐gap and large‐diameter nerves.
Thickness of Nanoscale Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Layers Determines the Motion of Sliding Water Drops
Authors: Zhou Xiaoteng , Wang Yongkang , Li Xiaomei , Sudersan Pranav , Amann‐Winkel Katrin , Koynov Kaloian , Nagata Yuki , Berger Rüdiger , Butt Hans‐Jürgen
Published: May 2024

Layers of nanometer thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are applied as hydrophobic coatings because of their environmentally friendly and chemically inert properties. In applications such as heat exchangers or fog harvesting, low water drop friction on surfaces is required. While the onset of motion (static friction) has been studied, the knowledge of dynamic friction needs to be improved. To minimize drop friction, it is essential to understand which processes lead to energy dissipation and cause dynamic friction? Here, the dynamic friction of drops on PDMS brushes of different thicknesses is measured, covering the whole available velocity regime. The brush thickness L turns out to be a predictor for drop friction. 4–5 nm thick PDMS brush shows the lowest dynamic friction. A certain minimal thickness is necessary to form homogeneous surfaces and reduce the attractive van der Waals interaction between water and the substrate. The increase in dynamic friction above L = 5 nm is also attributed to the increasing viscoelastic dissipation of the capillary ridge formed at the contact line. The height of the ridge is related to the brush thickness. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and atomic force measurements support this interpretation. Sum‐frequency generation further indicates a maximum order at the PDMS–water interface at intermediate thickness.
Green Fabrication of Stackable Laser‐Induced Graphene Micro‐Supercapacitors under Ambient Conditions: Toward the Design of Truly Sustainable Technological Platforms
Authors: Silvestre Sara L. , Morais Maria , Soares Raquel R. A. , Johnson Zachary T. , Benson Eric , Ainsley Elisabeth , Pham Veronica , Claussen Jonathan C. , Gomes Carmen L. , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira , Pereira Luis , Coelho João
Published: May 2024

Extensive research into green technologies is driven by the worldwide push for eco‐friendly materials and energy solutions. The focus is on synergies that prioritize sustainability and environmental benefits. This study explores the potential of abundant, non‐toxic, and sustainable resources such as paper, lignin‐enriched paper, and cork for producing laser‐induced graphene (LIG) supercapacitor electrodes with improved capacitance. A single‐step methodology using a CO2 laser system is developed for fabricating these electrodes under ambient conditions, providing an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional carbon sources. The resulting green micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) achieve impressive areal capacitance (≈7–10 mF cm−2) and power and energy densities (≈4 μW cm‐2 and ≈0.77 µWh cm−2 at 0.01 mA cm−2). Stability tests conducted over 5000 charge–discharge cycles demonstrate a capacitance retention of ≈80–85%, highlighting the device durability. These LIG‐based devices offer versatility, allowing voltage output adjustment through stacked and sandwich MSCs configurations (parallel or series), suitable for various large‐scale applications. This study demonstrates that it is possible to create high‐quality energy storage devices based on biodegradable materials. This development can lead to progress in renewable energy and off‐grid technology, as well as a reduction in electronic waste.
Comprehensive Insights into Potassium‐Ion Capacitors: Mechanisms, Materials, Devices and Future Perspectives
Authors: Cai Peng , Wang Kangli , Wang Tianqi , Li Haomiao , Zhou Min , Wang Wei , Jiang Kai
Published: May 2024

Alkali metal‐ion capacitors integrate two electrodes from both batteries and supercapacitors (SCs), combining the advantages of large capacity, high‐rate performance, and long cycle life. Potassium (K) has similar properties to sodium (Na) and lithium (Li), however, the abundance of K in the crust is the same with Na, and much higher than Li. Due to the fast kinetics and low self‐discharge of Potassium‐ion capacitors (PICs), PICs attract more interest from researchers in the field of electrochemical energy storage. The current dilemma is that the research on PICs is more inherited from sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) and lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs). Despite advancements in electrode materials, there is still a lack of profound understanding of the intrinsic issues and key challenges of PICs. In order to provide a detailed and systematic analysis of the development of PICs, in this review, special attention is given on the following Accordingly, full eight key sections: i) development history, ii) defining equations, iii) energy storage mechanism, iv) device configuration, v) electrode materials, vi) electrolyte design, vii) key technologies, and viii) future perspectives. This review provides an intensive theoretical foundation for the development of PICs and is able to pave the path for the practical application of PICs.
The value of publicly engaged podcasting in human biology
Authors: Lynn Christopher D. , Manthey Courtney , Ocobock Cara
Published: May 2024

Podcasting about science may be popular, but does it motivate engagement? The Human Biology Association and American Journal of Human Biology (AJHB) cosponsor a podcast that highlights recent articles. We hypothesized that AJHB articles discussed on the podcast (n = 42) receive more online views than other articles from the same issues. We used Student's t‐tests to compare mean article views and found podcasted articles received more views, but the difference was not significant. When extreme outliers were removed, podcasted articles had over twice the views of control articles (p = .04), indicating that journal‐affiliated podcasting can increase science engagement.
Sex Differences in Trends in Stroke Recurrence and Postrecurrence Mortality 2000–2020: Population‐Based Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project
Authors: Chen Chen , Reeves Mathew J. , He Kevin , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Lisabeth Lynda D.
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study was undertaken to delineate 21‐year sex‐specific trends in recurrence and postrecurrence mortality.

Methods

Between 2000 and 2020, first‐ever ischemic stroke (IS) patients, ascertained from the population‐based BASIC (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi) project in South Texas, were followed for recurrent stroke and all‐cause mortality until December 31, 2020. Multivariable regression models with an interaction between calendar year and sex were used to estimate sex‐specific trends and sex differences in recurrence and postrecurrence mortality.

Results

Of the 6,057 IS patients (median age = 69 years, 49.8% women), 654 (10.8%) had a recurrence and 399 (47.7%) had postrecurrence mortality during 5 years of follow‐up. In 2000, women had 2.5% higher albeit non‐statistically significant 5‐year risk of recurrence than men in absolute scale. With the trend declining in women by 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = −10.8 to −4.5%) and in men by 3.6% (95% CI = −6.5% to −0.7%), the risk at the end of the study period was 1.5% (95% CI = −0.3% to 3.6%) lower among women than men. For postrecurrence mortality, the risk was 10.2% lower among women in 2000, but the sex difference was 3.3% by the end of the period, which was due to a larger overall increase in the risk among women than men over the entire time period.

Interpretation

The declines in recurrent stroke suggest successful secondary stroke prevention, especially in women. However, the continued high postrecurrence mortality among both sexes at the end of study period emphasizes the need for ongoing interventions to improve prognosis in those who have had recurrent cerebrovascular events. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:332–342
Polymer‐DNA Carriers Co‐Deliver Photosensitizer and siRNA for Light‐Promoted Gene Transfection and Hypoxia‐Relieved Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Fan Guiling , Hou Shengxin , Zhang Wenkang , Jiang Hengfeng , Xiao Fan , Yu Jiantao , Tian Leilei
Published: May 2024

Photochemical internalization is an efficient strategy relying on photodynamic reactions to promote siRNA endosomal escape for the success of RNA‐interference gene regulation, which makes gene‐photodynamic combined therapy highly synergistic and efficient. However, it is still desired to explore capable carriers to improve the delivery efficiency of the immiscible siRNA and organic photosensitizers simultaneously. Herein, we employ a micellar nanostructure (PSNA) self‐assembled from polymer‐DNA molecular chimeras to fulfill this task. PSNA can plentifully load photosensitizers in its hydrophobic core simply by the nanoprecipitation method. Moreover, it can organize siRNA self‐assembly by the densely packed DNA shell, which leads to a higher loading capacity than the typical electrostatic condensation method. The experimental results prove that this PSNA carrier can greatly facilitate siRNA escape from the endosome/lysosome and enhance transfection. Accordingly, the PSNA‐administrated therapy exhibits a significantly improved anti‐tumor efficacy owing to the highly efficient co‐delivery capability.
Kinetics of pyrolysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics modeling of low metamorphic coal
Authors: Zhang Qiu Li , Li Jun Yi , Wang Hai Xuan , Liu Jun Li , Zhou Jun
Published: May 2024

This study explores the low‐temperature pyrolysis kinetic of low metamorphic grade coal from Northern Shaanxi, utilizing Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy to analyze the characteristics of various functional groups over a 293–1023 K temperature range. A kinetic model, correlating with the pyrolysis behaviors of these groups, was developed through thermal analysis kinetics. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology simulated the furnace's flow dynamics, allowing an examination of the physical field alterations and functional group evolution during pyrolysis. Results showed that the pyrolysis kinetic functions for aromatic C–H, C=C, C–O, and •OH, along with temperature, pressure, and velocity fields, were successfully integrated into the simulation. This integration provided detailed insights into the temperature profile, pressure distribution, flow velocities, and functional group distribution in the furnace. Aliphatics, exhibiting the largest mass fraction and wide pyrolysis temperature range, and •OH radicals with the highest activation energy were concentrated in the furnace's pyrolysis zone center. C=C's distribution was influenced by aromatic C–H and aliphatics, showing a complementary pattern. The oxygen‐containing groups C–O and C=O had similar pyrolysis mechanisms and uniform distribution. The functional groups' mass fractions were ranked from highest to lowest as follows: aliphatics > •OH > aromatic C–H > C–O > C=C > C=O.
Understand the intersection of FERPA, coaches, and transcript disclosures
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: May 2024

A registrar recently asked me for my opinion on a situation involving transcript disclosures and a coach. That situation serves as a good pretext to introduce a very common type of disclosure of education records. As per the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act:
Consider potential implications of Title IX exemption granted to Baylor University
Authors: Romano Robert , Shanklin Mackenzie
Published: May 2024

Title IX was originally enacted to protect college ­students from sex discrimination in educational programs or activities, including athletics. Specifically, Title IX states that “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”
HBCU GO highlights Black female student‐athletes
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: May 2024

As college basketball season reached its apex, the women's game was getting more attention than ever. The teams from Historically Black Colleges and Universities were leaving it all on the floor in hopes of earning spots in Divisions I and II NCAA tournaments.
Therapeutic Promises of Ferulic Acid and its Derivatives on Hepatic damage Related with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: A Review with Mechanisms
Authors: Bhuia Md. Shimul , Chowdhury Raihan , Shill Manik Chandra , Chowdhury Afsana Kabir , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Antas e Silva Davi , Raposo António , Islam Muhammad Torequl
Published: May 2024

Ferulic acid (FA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound commonly found in the plant Ferula communis. This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of FA and its derivatives (methyl ferulic acid and trans‐ferulic acid) against oxidative stress and inflammation‐related hepatotoxicity due to toxicants based on the results of different non‐clinical and preclinical tests. For this, data was collected from different reliable electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, etc. The results of this investigation demonstrated that FA and its derivatives have potent hepatoprotective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation‐related damage. The findings also revealed that these protective effects are due to the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of the chemical compound. FA and its analogues significantly inhibit free radical generation and hinder the effects of proinflammatory markers and inflammatory enzymes, resulting in diminished cytotoxic and apoptotic hepatocyte death. The compounds also prevent intracellular lipid accumulation and provide protective effects.
Tributelosides A−D: Four Undescribed Spirostan Glycosides Isolated from the Branches and Leaves of Tribulus terrestris with Their NO Production Inhibitory Activity in LPS Activated RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Van Quoc Nguyen , Huy Hoang Nguyen , Huu Tai Bui , Hai Yen Pham , Thi Cuc Nguyen , Thanh Huong Phan Thi , Thi Dung Duong , Thi Trang Do , The Cuong Nguyen , Duc Giang Le , Van Kiem Phan
Published: May 2024

Four undescribed spirostan glycosides, (25S)‐5α‐spirostan‐ 12‐one‐2α,3β‐diol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (1), (25S)‐5α‐spirostan‐12‐one‐2α,3β‐diol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐galatopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐ (1→4)‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (2), (25S)‐5α‐spirostan‐12‐one‐2α,3β‐diol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (3), and hecogenin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (4), together with eleven known compounds (5–15) were isolated from the branches and leaves of Tribulus terrestris. Their chemical structures were established through spectroscopic methods, including HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐, and 2D‐NMR spectra. Preliminary biological evaluation on NO production inhibitory activity in LPS activated RAW 264.7 cells showed that compounds 1–3, 5, and 6 had significant inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 2.4 to 18.3 μM, compared to that of the positive control compound, dexamethazone (IC50 13.6 μM).
Parametric Optimization of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Chaotic Swarm Intelligence Technique
Authors: Kaura Vasudha , Narang Bhavya , Singh Parminder , Sandhu Amanpreet
Published: May 2024

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) converts chemical energy into electricity without pollution or noise. PEMFC has a stable electrolyte, reliable, fast start‐up, and lightweight portability. Optimal PEMFC parameter prediction is difficult. Due to inaccurate estimation, many meta‐heuristic models are inaccurate. Particle swarm, Ant colony, and grey wolf algorithms are tested for fuel cell parameter estimation. These traditional algorithms benefit from chaotic maps for exploitation and exploration. Analyzing V–I and P–I polarization curves, hybrid approaches estimate unknown parameters. Results are compared with others to support the identifying strategy. This project examined SR‐12 and NedSstack PS‐6 PEMFC stacks. The objective function was shown by the sum of square errors between the experiments, and once an appropriate map is identified, the single chaotic map inclusion method can perform better than the multiple chaotic map scheme, and the “Iterative” approach in chaotic swarm is the most promising for multidimensional challenges.
Local electronic structure constructing of layer‐structured oxide cathode material for high‐voltage sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Yang Dongrun , Gao Xuan‐Wen , Gao Guoping , Lai Qingsong , Ren Tianzhen , Gu Qinfen , Liu Zhaomeng , Luo Wen‐Bin
Published: May 2024

As the cyclable sodium ions' primary suppliers, O3‐type layer‐structured manganese‐based oxides are recognized as one of the most competitive cathode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries. Suffering from complex structural transformations and transition metal migration during the sodium intercalation/deintercalation process, particularly at high voltage, the energy density and lifespan cannot satisfy the increasing demand. The orbital and electronic structure of the octahedral center metal element plays an important role in maintaining the octahedral structural integrity and improving the Na+ diffusivity by the introduced heterogeneous [Me–O] (Me: transition metals) chemical bonding. Herein, inspired by the 4f and 5d orbital bonding possibility from the abundant configuration of extranuclear electrons and large ion radius, O3‐type Na[La0.01Ni0.3Mn0.54Cu0.1Ti0.05]O2 was synthesized with a nearly single crystal structure. Based on the experimental and computational results, the introduced heterogeneous [La–O] chemical bond with larger bond strength can not only ensure the stability of the lattice oxygen framework and the reversibility of oxygen redox but also optimize the oxygen local electronic structure resulting from La 5d and O 2p orbital mixing due to O 2p → La 5d charge transfer. It delivers an optimal electrochemical performance with a high energy density and cycling lifespan.
Supramolecular Sequential Light‐Harvesting Systems for Constructing White LED Device and Latent Fingerprint Imaging
Authors: Zhang Qiaona , Cui Fengyao , Dang Xiaoman , Wang Qi , Li Zheng‐Yi , Sun Xiao‐Qiang , Xiao Tangxin
Published: May 2024

The fabrication of supramolecular light‐harvesting systems (LHS) with sequential energy transfer is of significance in utilizing light energy. In this study, we report the non‐covalent self‐assembly of a sequential LHS by pillar[5]arene‐based host‐guest interaction in water and its applications in white light‐emitting diode (LED) device and latent fingerprint imaging. The host‐guest complex WP5
G self‐assembles into nanoparticles in water and shows enhanced aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect. The nanoparticles can be further used to construct sequential LHS with fluorescent dyes 4,7‐di(2‐thienyl)‐benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole (DBT) and sulforhodamine 101 (SR101). Impressively, the system shows white‐light emission when the molar ratio of WP5
G/DBT/SR101 is 1100/2/16. The material can be coated on a LED bulb to achieve white‐light emission. In addition, the sequential LHS exhibit multicolor fluorescence including red emission, which have been successfully applied to high‐resolution imaging of latent fingerprints. Therefore, we demonstrated a general strategy for the construction of sequential LHS in water based on macrocyclic host‐guest interaction and explored its multi‐functional applications in white‐light LED device and imaging of latent fingerprints, which will promote future development and application of supramolecular LHSs.
Luminescent Tetranuclear Copper(I) and Gold(I) Heterobimetallic Complexes: A Phosphine Acetylide Amidinate Orthogonal Ligand Framework for Selective Complexation
Authors: Shubham  , Naina Vanitha R. , Roesky Peter W.
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of phosphine acetylide amidinate stabilized copper(I) and gold(I) heterobimetallic complexes was achieved by reacting ligand [{Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}Li(thf)3] (Dipp=2,6‐N,N′‐diisopropylphenyl) with CuCl and Au(tht))Cl, yielding the eight membered ring [{Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Cu2] and the twelve membered ring [{Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Au2]. {Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Cu2] features a Cu2 unit, which is bridged by two amidinate ligands, served as a metalloligand to synthesize the heterobimetallic CuI/AuI complexes [{(AuX)Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Cu2] (X=Cl, C6F5). In these reactions, the central ring structure is retained. In contrast, when the twelve membered ring [{Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Au2] was reacted with CuX (X=Cl, Br, I and Mes), the reaction led to the rearrangement of the central ring structure to give [{(AuX)Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Cu2] (X=Cl, Br, I and Mes), which feature the same the eight membered Cu2 ring as above. These compounds were also synthesized by a one‐pot reaction. The luminescent heterobimetallic complexes were further investigated for their photophysical properties.
Design, Synthesis, Antitumor Activity and NMR‐Based Metabolomics of Novel Amino Substituted Tetracyclic Imidazo[4,5‐b]Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Perin Nataša , Lončar Borka , Kadić Matej , Kralj Marijeta , Starčević Kristina , Carvalho Rui A. , Jarak Ivana , Hranjec Marijana
Published: May 2024

Newly prepared tetracyclic imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine derivatives were synthesized to study their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells. Additionally, the structure‐activity was studied to confirm the impact of the N atom position in pyridine nuclei as well as the chosen amino side chains on antiproliferative activity. Targeted amino substituted regioisomers were prepared by using uncatalyzed amination from corresponding chloro substituted precursors. The most active compounds 6 a, 8 and 10 showed improved activity in comparison to standard drug etoposide with IC50 values in a nanomolar range of concentration (0.2–0.9 μM). NMR‐based metabolomics is a powerful instrument to elucidate activity mechanism of new chemotherapeutics. Multivariate and univariate statistical analysis of metabolic profiles of non‐small cell lung cancer cells before and after exposure to 6 a revealed significant changes in metabolism of essential amino acids, glycerophospholipids and oxidative defense. Insight into the changes of metabolic pathways that are heavily involved in cell proliferation and survival provide valuable guidelines for more detailed analysis of activity metabolism and possible targets of this class of bioactive compounds.
Twisted Kähler–Einstein metrics in big classes
Authors: Darvas Tamás , Zhang Kewei
Published: May 2024

We prove existence of twisted Kähler–Einstein metrics in big cohomology classes, using a divisorial stability condition. In particular, when is big, we obtain a uniform Yau–Tian–Donaldson (YTD) existence theorem for Kähler–Einstein (KE) metrics. To achieve this, we build up from scratch the theory of Fujita–Odaka type delta invariants in the transcendental big setting, using pluripotential theory. We do not use the K‐energy in our arguments, and our techniques provide a simple roadmap to prove YTD existence theorems for KE type metrics, that only needs convexity of the appropriate Ding energy. As an application, we give a simplified proof of Li–Tian–Wang's existence theorem in the log Fano setting.
Seamless transfer of virtual synchronous generator using virtual synchronizing torque controller
Authors: Utkarsha Prateek , Swami Naidu N. K.
Published: May 2024

Inverter‐dependent renewable energy sources are being integrated into the grid, raising several stability‐related difficulties. This is because these renewable sources have less inertia than synchronous generators. Since the power grid's overall inertia has improved, the introduction of virtual synchronous generators (VSG) has gained much attention. A robust microgrid system requires an effortless transition from grid‐connected to autonomous mode. This can be easily achieved with the help of VSGs. The angle, frequency, and magnitude of the grid voltage needed for synchronization have traditionally been determined by phase‐locked‐loop (PLL). The virtual synchronizing torque and voltage‐based synchronization controller for simple switching between islanding and grid‐connected modes are presented in this study. The proposed method requires no additional controller to identify the unwanted islanding situations because the operating mode can be identified with the help of synchronizing torque. The proposed method does not need to shift to different control algorithms while changing between grid connection and stand‐alone modes. The effectiveness of the suggested controller is established by comparing the experimental prototype of the VSG incorporating the proposed controller to the existing synchronization methods.
Traditional paddy field‐supported bird diversity ignored by forest‐focused protection of ecosystems in tropical China
Authors: Zhang Mingxia , Xu Yuqing , Li Jiabin , Yang Jianbo , Wang Qiaoyan , Lin Qiaoli , Zhou Qihai , Wang Lin
Published: May 2024

Biodiversity in tropical regions is facing threats from agricultural expansion and intensification. Therefore, a promising future for local ecosystem conservation depends not only on traditional protected areas but also on well‐managed agricultural landscapes. In this study, we compared the ecological traits of bird species in paddy fields outside of protected areas and natural forests within the protected areas of Xishuangbanna, southern China. There were 148 species in total, of which 98 were in forests and 55 in paddy fields. The abundance of birds in paddy fields was 176 per kilometer, which was much higher than the 60 per kilometer in forests. There were 26 law‐protected species observed, half of which were found in each habitat. The main functional groups living in nature reserves are invertivores and frugivores, whereas paddy fields provide habitats for aquatic predator and granivore bird species. Our results indicate that paddy fields act as a refuge for wetland and grassland bird species when natural wetlands disappear, highlighting the urgent need to focus more on wetland protection and eco‐friendly agricultural schemes at the landscape scale in future conservation policies.