bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Center Virtualization: Challenges and Innovations in Data Protection
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of information technology, data center virtualization has become a key technology to improve resource utilization and reduce operational costs. However, the complexity and dynamism of virtualized environments bring new challenges to data protection. This paper aims to explore the application of data center virtualization technology and deeply analyze the strategies and technologies for data protection in virtualized environments. The article first reviews the development history of data center virtualization technology and the theoretical basis of data protection, then discusses in detail the application of virtualization technology in actual data centers, including virtualization architecture, implementation steps, and optimization strategies. Subsequently, the paper focuses on analyzing key data protection technologies such as data backup and recovery, data encryption, and the assurance of data integrity and availability, and discusses the practical application of these technologies in virtualized environments. In addition, the article identifies the challenges faced by data protection in virtualized environments and proposes corresponding countermeasures. Finally, the paper summarizes the research findings and offers suggestions for future research directions. Through in-depth research on data center virtualization and data protection, this paper provides theoretical guidance and practical references for data center managers to ensure the security and reliability of data in virtualized environments.
Banking Business in Digital Transformation: The Role of Cloud Computing
Authors: Dai Shenghua
Published: December 2024

In the digital age, the banking industry is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. Cloud computing technology, with its advantages of elasticity, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, has become a key force in driving this transformation. This paper explores in depth how cloud computing technology aids in the innovation of banking business models, the enhancement of efficiency, and the improvement of customer experience. By analyzing the diverse applications of cloud computing in banking, this paper reveals its profound impact on payment systems, risk management, data analysis, and customer service. At the same time, this paper also focuses on the challenges and risks in the implementation of cloud computing, including data security and privacy protection, regulatory compliance, technological dependence and risk management, and technological integration and migration issues. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes a series of strategies and solutions aimed at helping financial institutions effectively utilize cloud computing technology while avoiding related risks. The research in this paper not only provides valuable insights for the banking industry but also serves as a reference for the application of cloud computing technology in other industries.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Fungicides for Controlling Late Blight in Tomatoes Induced by Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Kanwal Iqra , Ölmez Fatih , Ali Amjad , Tatar Muhammed , Dadaşoğlu Fatih
Published: December 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), is an important crop in tropical and subtropical regions, but it is highly susceptible to biotic stresses, particularly late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans. This fungus disease can lead to sudden outbreaks, resulting in severe crop losses. Chemical control remains a vital strategy for managing such outbreak. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 20 different fungicides, sprayed at recommended doses, for controlling late blight tomato and improving tomato production. A susceptible tomato variety, Nagina, was grown under randomized complete block design (RCBD) in vivo. Based on the percentage of disease infections produced on tomato plants and statistical analysis results, the results found that Chlorostrobin (13.62%), Cabrio Top (14.91%), Curzate M (15.38%), Ridomil Gold (16.77%), Jalva (17.13%), Nanok (19.2%), and Antracol (19.34%) were the most effective fungicides against P. İnfestans. Other fungicides such as Co-pride (21.1%), Flumax (21.54%), Alliette (23.81%), Score (24.35%), Success 40 WSP (25.13%), and Melody Due (28.82%) also exhibited effective results. However, fungicides like Rally (32.23%), Cytrol (34.28%), Thrill (37.46%), Evito (37.52%), Shincar (43.63%), Topas (45.83%), and Tilt (48.59%) were less effective in controlling the disease. These findings highlight the importance of using Chlorostrobin, Cabrio Top, Curzate M, Ridomil Gold, Jalva, Nanok, and Antracol are highly effective fungicides to combat late blight. This targeted approach ensures that fungicides are applied when they are most effective at preventing disease outbreaks, reducing overall fungicides use and costs.
Subsistence in the Late Bronze Age of the northern Black Sea region: a case study of Taraclia-Gaidabul (Republic of Moldova)
Authors: Groot Maaike , Kaiser Elke , Sava Eugen , Sîrbu Mariana
Published: December 2024

The site of Taraclia-Gaidabul belongs to a type known as ash mounds, although it is now known that they do not in fact contain ash at all. The ash mounds represent settlement remains of the Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni cultural complex, which is found in the northern Black Sea region. There is an ongoing debate about the subsistence of this Late Bronze Age society: were they mobile pastoralists or settled farmers?Unfortunately, there is a lack of pollen diagrams for this region and period, so landscape reconstructions are difficult. Nevertheless, it seems that the landscape was characterised by forest steppe in the north and dry grass steppe in the south. Arable farming would have been challenging without artificial irrigation. Because archaeobotanical remains are scarce, it is hoped that the faunal analysis of Taraclia-Gaidabul can contribute to the question of subsistence and lifestyle: mobile or settled.During four excavation campaigns (2016–2019), more than 15000 animal bones were recorded and studied. Results from the zooarchaeological analysis show a dominance of cattle, followed by sheep and goat and horse. Pig is rare and wild animals also played only a minor role in nutrition, although the variety among the small number of wild animal remains is considerable. It seems that cattle were exploited for both milk and labour, while sheep and goat provided meat, wool and milk. Horses were used for transport, an additional source of meat and perhaps also for milk. Animal remains provide some indications that the settlement was occupied all year round.This paper will place the results of the faunal analysis for Taraclia-Gaidabul in a wider context through a regional comparison of subsistence strategies.
Razvoj pogodbenih zavisnih rečenica u bosanskim srednjovjekovnim poveljama
Authors: Karavdić Zenaida
Published: December 2024

Proučavanje historijske sintakse podrazumijeva proučavanje sintakse starijih perioda razvoja jezika, opis sintaksičkih promjena u pojedinim periodima razvoja jezika i objašnjenje tih pojava. Općenito se smatra da se zavisna rečenica razvila ili širenjem proste, tj. zamjenom rečeničnih dijelova klauzama, ili čvršćim povezivanjem dviju ili više nekad supostavljenih klauza bez formalne veze, bilo po značenju – ako je jedna izražavala činjenicu, a druga neko modalno značenje (pitanje, želju, naredbu i sl.), bilo formalno – kada su nekadašnje riječcce i prilozi, kao i zamjenice, postajali veznici. Van Valin uvodi međustepen kosubordinacije, kao prijelazni tip iz koordinacije ka subordinaciji. Istina je vjerovatno negdje na sredini, odnosno moguće je da je više mehanizama istovremeno utjecalo na nastanak zavisne rečenice.Ono što je posvjedočeno u dosta jezika jest da se sintaksa uopće, pa tako i zavisna rečenica, počela razvijati relativno kasno, nastankom i razvojem pismenosti, što se može potvrditi i u bosanskom jeziku, čiji prvi pisani spomenici zatiču različite tipove zavisnosloženih i nezavisnosloženih rečenica na različitom stepenu razvitka – dok su neke, kao npr. atributske, očito razvijene još u periodu prije pisanih spomenika, druge se pred kraj perioda povelja tek počinju razvijati, kao npr. objekatske i namjerne. Ipak, na kojem god stepenu da su zatečene, zbog kasnijeg utjecaja arhaičnijih pisarskih kancelarija u poveljama se mogu naći potvrde nekadašnjeg stanja za gotovo sve vrste složenih rečenica, a svakako se može pratiti i razvoj dosta tipova složenih rečenica.
Kritike i prikazi
Authors: Bilić Tomislav , Pelidija Enes , Smajkić Madžida
Published: December 2024

What to do when one is confronted with a malicious subpar review? An answerto Darko Periša’s review of Tomislav Bilić’s Coins of the Roman Republic in the ArchaeologicalMuseum in Zagreb (Tomislav Bilić)
Adis Zulić / Faruk Taslidža / Sedad Bešlija / Haris Dervišević / Ahmed Kurt, Sinan-pašaBorovinić, Društveni status, porijeklo, porodični uspon, početak urbanizacije Mostara,Mostar 2023, 198 str. (Enes Pelidija)
Mairesse François (ur.), Dictionary of Museology, International Council of Museums / Routledge, Oxon / New York 2023. (Madžida Smajkić)
Analisis Sumber Daya Manusia dalam meningkatkan Kinerja Perangkat Desa di Desa Cihampelas Kecamatan Cihampelas
Authors: Selviawati  , Kustiwa Atep
Published: December 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis sumber daya manusia untuk meningkatkan kinerja aparatur desa di Desa Cihampelas Kecamatan Cihampelas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mengetahui secara detail gaya kerja pegawai di desa Cihampelas. Penelitian ini akan memudahkan peneliti untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi aparatur desa Cihampelas dalam memberikan pelayanan pemerintah kepada masyarakat. Faktor-faktor yang menghambat atau mempengaruhi kinerja aparat desa Cihampelas antara lain adalah kualitas sumber daya manusia, motivasi dan keputusan kerja, ketersediaan sumber daya dan peran lembaga masyarakat, kualitas komunikasi dan koordinasi, keterlibatan dan peran dari institusi masyarakat. keterbukaan partisipasi masyarakat, karakteristik sosial budaya masyarakat desa, dan tingkat dukungan pemerintah desa. Sumber daya manusia mempunyai pengaruh yang besar terhadap kinerja pegawai Desa Cihampelas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja perangkat desa harus terus dikembangkan dan meningkatkan kebijakan kerjanya. Oleh karena itu, untuk memenangkan persaingan ini, masyarakat harus terus berinovasi. Kemajuan organisasi hanya dapat dicapai melalui sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan berdaya saing. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja perangkat desa sangat berpengaruh kepada kepuasan masyarakat dalam pelayanan dan juga berpengaruh terhadap kualitas desa.
Model Empiris Tentang Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Farmasi Studi Pada PT. Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk
Authors: Salsabila Ghassani Syifa , Taufik Nur Imam , Rahman Abdul , Pradesa Hafid Aditya
Published: December 2024

PT. Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk, salah satu perusahaan farmasi terkemuka di Indonesia, beroperasi sebagai perusahaan publik atau Badan Usaha Milik Negara dalam industri farmasi. Penurunan laba menyebabkan kerugian yang terjadi pada tahun 2022 menjadi perhatian signifikan menjadi -Rp109,78 miliar di mana perusahaan mengalami kerugian yang mencolok yaitu sebesar Rp 399,67 miliar dibandingkan dengan laba yang tinggi pada tahun 2021 sebesar Rp 289,88 miliar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja keuangan PT. Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk dari tahun 2018 hingga 2022 dengan menggunakan metode analisis vertikal dan horizontal. Hasil penelitian ini berupa model kinerja keuangan serta rekomendasi yang ditujukan kepada perusahaan itu sendiri dan para investor yang memerlukan informasi keuangan. Penelitian ini melalui pendekatan deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang mengandalkan data sekunder, terutama laporan neraca yang tersedia di situs resmi. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis common size dan analisis perbandingan laporan keuangan. Dari hasil penelitian, terlihat bahwa kondisi keuangan PT. Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk dinilai memiliki risiko yang perlu diperhatikan, dan kinerja keuangan perlu ditingkatkan untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut. Implikasi praktis tersebut akan mengarahkan pada rekomendasi penting bagi perusahaan yang didiskusikan dan disampaikan pada bagian akhir artikel.
Pengaruh Brand Ambassador BTS, Brand Image, dan Kepuasan Pelanggan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Tokopedia
Authors: Azizah Mutia , Amron
Published: December 2024

Perkembangan teknologi di Indonesia berkembang sangat cepat dalam bidang ekonomi. Persaingan antar e-commerce yang yang ketat pada era globalisasi dengan berbagai promosi adalah cara terbaik untuk menyita perhatian dari masyarakat. Guna mendukung kegiatan dan memepermudahkan masyarakat untuk berbelanja dan melakukan berbagai transaksi Tokopedia terus mengembangkan kemajuannya. Pada tahun 2019 Tokopedia menggandeng BTS untuk bekerja sama guna mempromosikan produknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji variabel yang mempengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan pada pengguna aplikasi Tokopedia di Semarang yang berusia 17 tahun keatas, menggunakan aplikasi Tokopedia, dan mengetahui BTS. Pengambilan sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dari 100 responden, dan hanya ada 97 data responden yang dapat diproses. Data yang diolah menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan Brand Ambassador BTS, Brand Image, Kepuasan Pelanggan berpengaruh positif signifikan atas loyalitas pelanggan Tokopedia.
Pengaruh Capital Intensity, Leverage, dan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Tax Avoidance
Authors: Feby Feby Kurniawan , Dewi Riana Rachmawati , Rois Dimas Ilham Nur
Published: December 2024

Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi dampak capital intensity, leverage, dan good corporate governance terhadap tax avoidance dengan ukuran entitas/persero sebagai variabel moderasi. Studi ini menggunakan sampel entias/persero heavy constructions and civil engineering yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2018 sampai dengan 2023. Proses pemilihan sampel pada penelitian ini menerapkan metode purposive sampling dan didapatkan sebanyak 34 sampel. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda yang diproses menggunakan SPSS versi 21. Hasil observasi mengungkapkan bahwa secara parsial komisaris independen dan kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance. Akan tetapi capital intensity dan leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance secara parsial. Kemudian, ukuran entitas/persero tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh komisaris independen dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap tax avoidance.
Pengaruh Biaya Pemasaran dan Biaya Pengembangan Teknologi Terhadap Biaya Operasional (Studi Kasus: Netflix)
Authors: Silitonga Agnes Irene , Panjaitan Gabriella Dominggoes , Tumangger Emya Malum Karina , Hafiz Fahrul Al-hamdi , Ginting Lisa Melvi
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh biaya pemasaran dan pengembangan teknologi terhadap biaya operasional dengan studi kasus Netflix dimana data diperoleh dari laporan keuangan resmi diterbitkan oleh website resmi Netflix. Biaya pemasaran, yang mencakup promosi, periklanan, dan kegiatan penjualan lainnya, sering kali dianggap sebagai faktor penting untuk meningkatkan pangsa pasar dan pendapatan perusahaan. Di sisi lain, biaya pengembangan teknologi mencakup investasi dalam inovasi, riset dan pengembangan, serta perbaikan sistem dapat meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan daya saing perusahaan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda untuk menguji hubungan antara variabel independen (biaya pemasaran dan biaya pengembangan teknologi) terhadap variabel dependen (biaya operasional). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya pemasaran tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap biaya operasional. Hal yang sama seperti biaya pengembangan teknologi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap biaya operasional, yang menunjukkan bahwa investasi dalam teknologi dapat mengurangi biaya operasional melalui efisiensi dan otomasi. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mengenai bagaimana alokasi sumber daya untuk pemasaran dan teknologi dapat mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan, serta membantu perusahaan dalam pengambilan keputusan yang strategis untuk memaksimalkan efisiensi operasional dan daya saing pasar. Implikasi temuan ini memberikan pemahaman lebih dalam tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan perusahaan dalam industri media streaming.
Viabilidade econômica da produção de requeijão cremoso regular e com baixo teor de lactose, com e sem adição de fibras de maracujá
Authors: Vieira Manuel , Zacarchenco Patrícia , Gomes Renato , Cavichiolo José , Costa Ana
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to make a comparative analysis of the economic feasibility of pro-jects for industrial production of spreadable processed cheese, regular and low lactose, with or with-out added passion fruit fibers. The decision on the best investment option took into account the as-sessment of the economic indicators (Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Payback of Capital and Breakeven) and a comparison of the sales prices obtained with those practiced in the market. The best result was obtained for the production of spreadable processed cheese with low lactose content and fiber addition.
İlâhî Kitapların Tahrif Edilmesine Yönelik Kur’ân’da Yer Alan Eleştiriler
Authors: Tütüncüler Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, Kur’ân’ın ilahi kitapların tahrifine yönelik eleştirel bakış açısını, özellikle Tevrat ve İncil'e yapılan insan müdahalelerini klasik ve modern tefsirler ile akademik çalışmalar çerçeve-sinde kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Kur’ân, ilahi kitaplara inandığını iddia eden bazı toplu-lukların kutsal metinlerin yalnızca bir kısmını kabul edip diğer kısımlarını reddetmelerini ciddi şekilde eleştirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Allah’ın emir ve yasaklarının toplulukların arzu ve istekle-rine uymadığı için gizlenmesi, değiştirilmesi ve saptırılması Kur’ân tarafından açıkça ifşa edil-mektedir. Kur’ân, ilahi kitaplardan olmayan emirlerin ve nehiylerin kitaptanmış gibi sunulması-nın da doğru olmadığını ve bu tür eylemlerin reddedilmesi gerektiğini belirtmektedir. Böylece, keyfi inanç ve uygulamaların hem dini hem de toplumsal düzeyde ciddi tutarsızlıklara yol açtığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu tutarsızlıklar, toplumların inanç sistemlerini zayıflatmakta ve toplumsal yapıyı bozarak huzursuzluklara yol açmaktadır. Çalışma, bu tür davranışların hem dünyevi hem de uhrevi sonuçlarını Kur’ân perspektifinden detaylı bir şekilde ele alırken, aynı zamanda ilahi mesajların doğru bir şekilde anlaşılması ve uygulanması gerektiğine vurgu yapmaktadır. Kur’ân, ilahi mesajların bütüncül bir yaklaşımla kabul edilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu anlam-da, Kur’ân’ın eleştirileri, ilahi kitapların özüne ve değerine zarar veren her türlü tahrifatın karşı-sında durulması gerektiğini açıkça ortaya koymakta ve ilahi mesajların doğru bir şekilde anlaşıl-ması ve toplumda doğru bir şekilde uygulanmasının önemini belirlemektedir. Ayrıca, Kur’ân’ın verdiği mesajların ve önerilerin hem bireysel hem de toplumsal düzeyde doğru bir şekilde değer-lendirilmesi gerektiği, ilahi mesajların ve öğretilerin sadece belirli bir kesim tarafından değil, toplumun tamamı tarafından doğru bir şekilde benimsenmesi gerektiği de vurgulanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, ilahi mesajların bütüncül bir yaklaşımla kabul edilmesinin önemi, konu ile ilgili âyetle-rin anlatımında izlenen temel bir prensip olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Contribución de Mercedes Cervelló a la educación en la provincia de Ñuble (1845 y 1874)
Authors: Parada Ulloa Marcos
Published: December 2024

El presente estudio se enfoca en la vida y el trabajo de Mercedes Cervelló, una educadora del siglo xix que dedicó gran parte de su carrera a la enseñanza en la provincia de Ñuble. También se analizan las estrategias y los enfoques de enseñanza que Cervelló utilizó en sus clases, así como su impacto en la comunidad local. El artículo presenta a Cervelló como una figura importante en la historia de la educación en Chile y destaca su compromiso con la enseñanza de calidad y la promoción de la igualdad de oportunidades para todos los estudiantes.
ANALISIS PENYEBAB KETERLAMBATAN PEKERJAAN REPLATING LAMBUNG PADA PROYEK KAPAL X MENGGUNAKAN METODE FAULT TREE ANALYSIS
Authors: Triwardani Agil , Dewi Sinta
Published: December 2024

The The success of a project is marked by the achievement of the planned target. However, in its implementation, delays often occur, including in the hull replating work. In the ship repair project X at PT XYZ, this work experienced a schedule delay due to constraints on materials/equipment, labor, and management. The purpose of this study was to determine the root cause of the delay and propose improvements. The analysis was carried out using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method to identify the root cause of the delay, while the improvement proposal was carried out using the Kaizen 5S method (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke). Based on the results of the analysis using the FTA method, the main factor causing the delay was the material/equipment factor with a probability value of 0.304. This factor includes three main indicators of the cause of the delay, namely the delay in the arrival of materials, the ordered materials are not appropriate, and the lack of adequate equipment. The application of the Kaizen 5S method aims to improve work efficiency through better material/equipment management and creating an organized work environment. Thus, it is hoped that the application of both methods can reduce delays and prevent similar problems in the future.
AKUISISI DATA 6 DEGREE OF FREEDOM DAN KOORDINAT MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR IMU, GPS, KOMUNIKASI LORA BERBASIS LABVIEW
Authors: Cahya Delila , Setiawan Budhy , Dewatama Denda , Ali Akbar Febritama Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This research developed a data acquisition system for 6 Degrees of Freedom (6 DoF) and coordinates using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Global Positioning System (GPS), with Long Range (LoRa) communication for data transmission. The system is integrated with LabVIEW for real-time data processing and visualization.The test results showed that the system is capable of accurately acquiring, transmitting, and displaying roll, pitch, yaw, and GPS coordinate data. The 3D model in LabVIEW represents the object's orientation and position in real-time, supporting various applications that require high-precision monitoring. LoRa successfully transmitted data over long distances without loss of integrity.This system provides a flexible solution for various industrial and research applications that require precise position and orientation monitoring. The implementation of this technology can support developments in autonomous navigation, surveillance systems, and robotics.
Efektivitas Bantuan Transportasi Laut Masyarakat Desa Numbing Kecamatan Bintan Pesisir
Authors: Mandala Edward , A. Karim Zamzami , Setyadiharja Rendra , Usman Siam Nurbaiti , Wahyu Lumintu Cyntia
Published: December 2024

The Bintan Regency Government provides transportation assistance to the people of Numbing Village so that it can be used to make it easier for people to carry out activities between islands. In practice, the use of government-assisted ferries is still not efficient due to various obstacles, namely lack of members and inadequate operating hours. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of sea transportation for the Numbing village community so that sea transportation becomes more effective and efficient. The research method used is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews and documentation methods. The samples in this research were the Head of the Infrastructure Division of the Bintan Regency Transportation Service, the Head of the Finance Program of the Bintan Regency Transportation Service, the Numbing Village Secretary, the ship's captain, and the community. Primary data uses interview techniques with secondary data in the form of documentation, journals, books and field observations. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that assistance for sea transportation for the community of Numbiing Village, Bintan Pesisir District, can be said to be effective, if seen from the provision of ship assistance. However, the factualization that occurs in the field can be considered less effective. This is due to the lack of operational hours maintained by ship managers, so that people still find it difficult to enjoy the sea transportation provided.
The Production and Marketing of Teff in Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Mekonnen Aklilu
Published: December 2024

Aim: In Ethiopia, Teff is an important cereal crop, 24.02% of all land under civilization is covered by Teff and contributes 17.57% to grain products, which is the alternative coming from maize. The country productivity of Teff was 1.756 tons/ hectare. Between 2004 and 2014, 6.2 million farmers produced teff out of the 12 million small-scale farmers in the nation. Teff is primarily full-grown in the Amhara (40.59%) and Oromiya (46.57%) regions of Ethiopia, with smaller amounts also produced in Tigray (5.64%) and the South Nation and Nationalities People (6.68%) regions. The main objective this review is to investigate teff production and marketing in Ethiopia.
Methods: A systematic review article was established using a systematic review of related literature from various sources in order to review this paper. Most papers are systematically investigated from different international listed journals using keyword selections similar as teff production and constraint, market actors of teff market, and value chain of teff that have connection with the production and marketing of teff.
Results: High input costs, soil erosion, weeds, the presence of diseases, and limited credit access are the main obstacles to teff production. Producers, farmer dealers, city collectors, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers are the majority of Teff's market participants. The country's average selling price, gross margin, and gross returns are 2180.4, 157.2, and 141.24 birr per hectare, respectively. Lack of market information, multiple taxes, shaky market connections, lack of infrastructure, subpar storing and processing, and low development strategies for commodities are the main obstacles to teff marketing.
Conclusion: To establish a clear teff market expansion for the benefit of all market players, regulations about the efficient or sufficient delivery of agricultural inputs, the development of infrastructure, and the implementation of suitable pricing methods are very essential to raise the production and productivity teff in Ethiopia.
PAKISTAN PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR: SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING
Authors: Aleem Talha
Published: December 2024

Adaptation and resilience form basic themes for the survival and evolution of society, traditions, economy, technology, and nature. Inherently, humans continue to adapt themselves to live better lives on this earth with well-meant consequences. However, not all factors are containable unless they can be gauged. This is also true for the corporate and business world, which is always in search of the perfect paradigm for achieving balance in sustainability, function, network, and profit. The research is aimed at analyzing the parameters that lead to the successful deployment of ERP across the pharmaceutical sector, where the use of ERP is prevalent and of high importance. The study's statistical inference leads to the conclusion that private pharmaceutical companies lack a project hierarchy or structure that is well-organized enough to facilitate top-down changeovers, which are typical of successful organizations. The original study effectively demonstrated that, in general, public firm sectors have superior top management when it comes to managing ERP-based data management initiatives.
CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION AFFECT EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN THE BANKING SECTOR
Authors: Khan Noor us Sabah
Published: December 2024

The main aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction, career development, and employee retention, particularly in Pakistan's banking sector. Job satisfaction and opportunities for career growth are critical factors influencing employee retention in organizations. Despite this significance, there's a lack of research in Pakistan, especially within the banking sector. This study seeks to bridge this gap by examining how job satisfaction and career development contribute to improving employee retention in Pakistani banks. It is hypothesized that employees who are satisfied with their jobs and have prospects for career advancement tend to remain with their organizations for longer periods. The findings of the study confirm the substantial impact of job satisfaction and career development on employee retention. Reliability statistics indicate strong internal consistency among the variables studied. Regression analysis reveals that both job satisfaction and career development have positive and significant effects on employee retention.
RELATIONSHIP MARKETING IMPACT ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE: MEDIATING ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN PAKISTAN'S BANKING
Authors: Iqbal Imran , Zaidi Syed Shahid Zaheer
Published: December 2024

This research delves into the impact of relationship marketing and impactful advertising on consumer perceptions within the banking sector of Pakistan. The focus is on key relationship marketing elements: trust, connection, communication, shared values, empathy, engagement, and their role in shaping positive client sentiments. Through empirical research, the study validates the positive influence of these elements on customer attitudes. Additionally, the research introduces advertising effectiveness as a mediator variable, underscoring its importance in shaping consumers' views of relationship marketing efforts and attitudes. Moreover, The study employed the Structural Equation to analyze the variables; the results offer valuable insights for banks, empowering them to enhance customer-centric initiatives and gain a competitive advantage. In Pakistan's banking industry, this study makes a substantial contribution by underscoring the significance of relationship marketing components and their impact on shaping consumer perceptions. Its findings provide actionable information for banks seeking to refine their strategies and distinguish themselves in a competitive market.
ENHANCING STATISTICAL UNDERSTANDING: A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON THE ROLE OF CHATGPT IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Ishaq Khushboo , Jhatial Shamim , Parveen Fozia
Published: December 2024

The consider points to decide whether ChatGPT, a dialect show based on the GPT-3.5 design, can help understudies and commerce administration experts in way better get it measurable concepts. This ponder examines how ChatGPT can back learning around essential measurable concepts and how they are connected. The studies inquire about strategy and investigate ChatGPT's focal points and impediments, especially with respect to dealing with information. Prescient modeling, essential R measurements investigation, and preprocessing, cleaning, and examination are the themes covered within the take a see at. The investigation gives a specific therapeutic case to demonstrate ChatGPT's convenience in real-world scenarios. The ponder kept ethical issues at the bleeding edge of the discussion because it inspected the ethical suggestions of joining ChatGPT into college degree programs. The paper recognizes the significance of moral measures and highlights the requirement for expert collaboration to explore and resolve moral issues to realize ChatGPT's potential completely. The study's discoveries highlight ChatGPT's gigantic potential as a reliable measurable examination apparatus. It improves students' measurable education in trade administration by helping them comprehend complex factual concepts. In any case, they think about too notes ChatGPT's restrictions, highlighting how basic it is to recognize and address them.
UNIVERSALIZATION OF BRICK KILN WORKERS' WAGES IN PAKISTAN: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Abro Nosheen Abdul Raheem , Lanjwani Bisharat Ali , Gahao Ghulam Mustafa
Published: December 2024

This study examines the wide range of problems faced by brick factory workers in Pakistan despite the industry's significant contribution to the country's economy. The brick manufacturing sector, which employs about 4.5 million people, is a major player in South Asia, accounting for 3 percent of Pakistan's GDP. However, workers are subject to various forms of exploitation, including non-payment of wages, debt slavery and child labor exploitation. Despite existing regulations, enforcement is weak, perpetuating systemic inequalities in the industry. This qualitative study uses semi-structured interviews and document analysis to explore the root causes and consequences of these issues. Key findings highlight the urgent need for policy reforms, strengthening enforcement mechanisms and increasing workers' awareness of their rights. Recommendations include strengthening regulatory oversight, promoting alternative livelihood options, and addressing underlying socioeconomic factors that perpetuate labor exploitation. By highlighting these issues, this study aims to contribute to the debate on labor rights in Pakistan and advocate concrete solutions to improve the working conditions and livelihoods of brick kiln workers.
THE IMPACT OF JOB EMBEDDEDNESS, JOB INSECURITY, AND JOB AUTONOMY ON TURNOVER INTENTION: ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AS THE MEDIATING EFFECT
Authors: Ashfaq Amna , Hayat Khizar , Aziz Atif
Published: December 2024

Due to intense competition in the banking sector, employee performance is a crucial developmental factor. Turnover remains a significant issue for banks, with approximately 35% of banks in Pakistan facing this challenge due to various factors such as job satisfaction, organizational culture, and job insecurity, which impact organizational commitment and turnover rates (Aisha Ashraf, 2019). This sector is witnessing rapid growth and operates with a large staff. Turnover intention arises when employees become less committed to their organizations, feel unfocused, and experience dissatisfaction, leading to a desire to leave the organization. Improving employee commitment has become increasingly complex in today's workforce, and a high turnover rate can significantly impact a company's performance and productivity. Various factors influence employee turnover intentions, including organizational reputation, communication, and commitment. This study explores the mediating role of organizational commitment in turnover intention, with job insecurity, job embeddedness, and job autonomy as independent variables influencing turnover intention. A cross-sectional questionnaire was employed to collect data from 278 employees of Bank Al Habib Limited, Askari Bank Limited, and Habib Bank Limited in Karachi. The study utilized deductive reasoning to test hypotheses, aiming to achieve its objectives through survey questionnaires. Non-probability sampling, specifically convenient sampling, was employed as it was not feasible for the researcher to access all employees in the banking sector. The survey instrument consisted of five constructs with twenty-eight indicators, detailed in the literature review, measured on a 5-point Likert scale. The findings indicate a significant relationship between job embeddedness, job insecurity, job autonomy, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. This study's scope could be expanded to include other regions or sectors of Pakistan to enhance its reliability.
FROM FULFILMENT TO CREATIVITY: EXAMINING THE LINK BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT FULFILMENT, WORK ENGAGEMENT, AND EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY
Authors: Awan Wasim Abbas , Amin Hina , Khalil Hamza
Published: December 2024

Employees catalyze the growth of an organization. Therefore, successful organizations empower their employees to make decisions and present distinctive solutions. This ensures the creative involvement of employees, helping the organization attain a competitive edge. Since employee creativity is crucial for organizational sustainability, fostering creativity among employees is vital to achieving organizational objectives. Creative solutions enable organizations to meet the demands of a dynamic environment. Thus, organizations should prioritize involving employees in the exploration of novel ideas and the presentation of creative solutions. This study aims to examine how work engagement mediates the relationship between psychological contract fulfillment and employee creativity. Data was gathered from service sector organizations operating in Karachi, with a total of 332 respondents using pen-and-paper methods. The hypotheses were examined using hierarchical regression. The findings indicate a positive correlation between psychological contract fulfillment and employee creativity. Additionally, it was observed that work engagement partially mediates this relationship. The study concludes by providing recommendations for practitioners to boost employee creativity.
INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS' PERCEPTION, ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST, AND SELECTED HRM PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEES' TURNOVER INTENTION
Authors: Iqbal Isra , Haroon Aisha , Habib Areeba , Shaikh Omar Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Previous research studies have emphasized employment turnover's detrimental impact on people and organizations. Researchers have examined many elements to comprehend the effects of turnover intentions in the workplace and understand why employees choose to leave their organizations fully. Earlier research has extensively investigated organizational–related factors, including the perception of organizational justice, work happiness, reported psychological contract breaches, and felt organizational support. Although there have been many empirical studies, it is clear from the literature that there needs to be more focus on understanding how perceived organizational politics (P.O.P.), employees' perception of Trust in an organization (O.T.), and perceived human resources management (H.R.) practices affect employees' turnover intention (T.I.). The current study investigates the complex connections among employee turnover, perceived organizational politics, organizational Trust, and perceived human resource management practices among employees at the National Bank of Pakistan Head Office. The approach used in this study is multiple regression analysis, including the sample size of 175 participants employed at the National Bank of Pakistan. The results indicated a substantial relation between the perception of organizational politics and the desire to leave the company. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that Trust inside the organization and the perception of human resource procedures had substantial and adverse correlations with intentions to leave the company. In addition, the study survey found that male employees are more prone to leave the organization than female employees. The statistics also revealed that younger professionals were prone to quit their existing jobs or organizations compared to their older peers. The ramifications of these discoveries are examined within both theoretical and practical frameworks.
THE UNDERLYING FACTORS AFFECTING AND SHAPING THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AIR CARGO SECTOR IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN
Authors: Hashar Shaza , Alwi Khurram Khan
Published: December 2024

The economy of any country is significantly shaped by air cargo transportation. Various motivational factors influence the efficiency of air cargo services. These factors can be both internal and external. The internal elements of air cargo services in Karachi Cargo Airport are the main subject of this study. These elements include sophisticated IT software, thorough work training, and a positive organizational culture. Although the creative environment was thought to be a possible catalyst, statistical research showed that the relationship between the independent and dependent variables is not strengthened by it.
On the other hand, a direct and positive association was found between the independent and dependent variables. This study aims to determine the role of resources, employee empowerment, and organizational culture in the quality of air cargo service. Upon conducting a thorough literature analysis and perusing multiple studies, a considerable amount of research has been conducted on the impact of job training, organizational culture, and resources on organizational commitment. However, more studies are needed to examine the relationship between these constructs and the quality of air cargo services. This study underscores the need for further research in this field, as it can provide a deeper understanding of the factors influencing air cargo service quality and pave the way for future studies. Although Karachi is the nation's economic center, this study highlights its potential to become a regional center as well, provided corporate governance and air cargo industry standards are given careful consideration. Therefore, this research study aims to analyze the mediating impact of an organization's creative environment on the relationship between job training, organization culture, information technology, and Air cargo service quality. Cronbach’s alpha, Reliability, discriminant validity, SD. The analysis is used for analysis. The result shows that job training, information technology and organization culture have a significant positive impact on air cargo service quality. At the same time, the result also shows that the organization's creative environment does not moderate the relationships between constructs.
THE IMPACT OF EMAIL MARKETING ON CONSUMER BUYING DECISION PROCESS IN THE PAKISTANI MARKET
Authors: Rana Rohma Ahmed , Kiran Samra , Gul Samina
Published: December 2024

This work tried to investigate the relationship between email marketing at different stages of the consumer buying process. In order to collect data, a survey questionnaire was designed and distributed to different universities in Peshawar. 300 questionnaires were distributed, of which 242 were completed and received, with a response rate of 81.66%. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, correlation matrix, and multi-linear regression. The results suggest a strong impact of email marketing on all the stages of consumer purchase behaviour, i.e., need recognition, information research, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase behaviour. This shows that we can use email marketing to attract customers by sending them personalized emails, and through emails, we can develop a relationship with our customers that will create brand loyalty and brand awareness and increase brand equity. Some of the findings of the study suggest that marketers should develop attractive, comprehensive, eye-catching emails to be more productive. Additionally, they should keep an eye on the recent trends and industry practices to craft and develop productive emails. Some of the implications of the study were that email marketing is an effective technique for manipulating customer choices. Businesses can influence consumer perceptions, preferences, and purchase intentions by clearly expressing the value of the offer and engaging customers with customized content. Segmentation and personalization strategies are essential to maximize the impact of email marketing. Marketers may improve consumer engagement and the efficacy of their efforts by distributing pertinent and targeted information. Finally, convincing call-to-actions and time-limited offers are crucial strategic components in encouraging customers to make purchases.
THREE DECADES OF SPORTS MARKETING RESEARCH: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW USING R
Authors: Azhar Kaukab Abid , Prof. Dr. Zubair Shah Prof. Dr. Zubair Shah , Iqbal Nayab , Kiran Zara
Published: December 2024

Sports Marketing has gained a lot of significance in the past three decades, which has resulted in increased attention from academic scholars. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the development of sports marketing research by conducting a bibliometric analysis of studies conducted from 1992 to 2024. The analysis uses PRISMA guidelines and is visualized through the bibliometrics package in the R programming language. The study provides valuable insights by identifying the key trends and top academic contributors like Jeffrey D. James and Shinhyoung Lee, as well as leading institutions such as Florida State University and the University of Georgia. The findings also reveal that institutions and authors from the USA, Australia and South Korea are leading the research on sports marketing. The most prominent journal identified from the analysis is the International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship. The study also reveals that there is a consistently growing trend in global collaborations and a shift towards global perspectives and digital media integration in sports marketing.
BARRIERS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SARBANES- OXLEY ACT (SOX) 2002 CONFRONTED BY STAKEHOLDERS: IN THE CONTEXT OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Mustafa Sadaf
Published: December 2024

To improve financial reporting standards and increase openness and accountability in public businesses, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 was implemented in the United States. Similar statutes and rules have been incorporated by numerous nations, including Pakistan, to raise their own financial reporting standards. There are numerous obstacles preventing the SOX from being implemented in Pakistan. The biggest challenges are a lack of stakeholder knowledge, limited resources, and a difficult legal and regulatory environment. These obstacles have made it extremely difficult for Pakistani stakeholders to fully comply with the Act's requirements, which has led to a severe lack of trust in the country's corporate financial reporting.  In this investigation, the primary effort is to investigate the knowledge of entrepreneurs about SOX, and the effect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on business in Pakistan. The author explores the effect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on corporate culture, societal & internal controls, and barriers to the implementation of SOX in Pakistan. The objective was achieved through a close-ended survey questionnaire filled by various stakeholders of the big four/ finance directors of different firms/Finance analysts/controllers of regulation of different multinational companies. The result shows that corporate culture is not a hurdle in the implementation of SOX. Potential benefits could be more than cost. The firm can face documentation problems in the process of implementation.