bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
D614G substitution at the hinge region enhances the stability of trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Authors: Yazhini Arangasamy , Sidhanta Das Swayam Prakash , Sriniva Narayanaswamy
Published: January 2021

Background

Spike protein is a key player in the SARS-CoV-2 infection by mediating primary contact between the virus and host cell surface. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, a variant of SARS-CoV-2 having D614G substitution in the spike protein has become dominant world-wide. Initial characterization of the virus shows that the G614 variant is more infectious and has higher fitness than the ancestral (D614) variant. In this study, we analyzed the significance of the D614G substitution on the protein flexibility, inter-residue interaction energies and thermostability of the spike protein trimer.
Results

Using Gaussian network model-based normal mode analysis, we demonstrate that D614G substitution occurs at hinge region that facilitates domain-domain motions between receptor binding domain and S2 region of the spike protein. Further, in-silico mutagenesis and inter-residue energy calculations reveal that contacts involving D614 are energetically frustrated whereas contacts involving G614 are energetically favourable implying the substitution strengthens intra- as well as inter-protomers association. Upon glycine substitution, free energy difference (ΔΔG) is -2.6 kcal/mol for closed and − 2.0 kcal/mol for 1-RBD up conformation i.e., thermodynamic stability has increased. When we perform reverse mutation in the structures of spike protein having G614 substitution, we observe that the free energy difference is 6.6 kcal/mol and 6.3 kcal/mol for closed and 1-RBD up conformations respectively indicating lowered thermodynamic stability. Together, these observations suggest that D614G substitution could modulate the flexibility of spike protein and confer enhanced thermodynamic stability.
Conclusion

Our results on protein flexibility and energetic basis of enhanced stability hint that G614 likely increases the availability of functional form of spike trimer thereby associated to increased infectivity.
Planning and optimising a digital intervention to protect older adults’ cognitive health
Authors: Essery Rosie , Pollet Sebastien , Smith Kirsten A. , Mowbray Fiona , Slodkowska-Barabasz Joanna , Denison-Day James , Hayter Victoria , Bradbury Katherine , Grey Elisabeth , Western Max J. , Milton Alexander , Hunter Cheryl , Ferrey Anne E. , Müller Andre Matthias , Stuart Beth , Mutrie Nanette , Griffin Simon , Kendrick Tony , Brooker Helen , Gudgin Bernard , Phillips Rosemary , Stokes Tom , Niven John , Little Paul , Yardley Lucy
Published: January 2021

Background By 2050 worldwide dementia prevalence is expected to triple, rising to 152 million. Affordable, scalable interventions are required to support protective behaviours such as physical activity, cognitive training and healthy eating. This paper outlines the development of ‘Active Brains’: a multi-domain digital behaviour change intervention to reduce cognitive decline amongst older adults, and key findings arising from this process. Methods A theory-, evidence- and person-based approach to intervention development was undertaken. Scoping reviews and behavioural analysis contributed to intervention planning. Optimisation involved qualitative interviews with 52 older adults with higher and lower cognitive performance scores. Data were analysed thematically and informed changes.Results The development process synthesised findings from planning and optimisation activities. Scoping reviews and qualitative interviews suggested that the same intervention content should be suitable for individuals with higher and lower cognitive performance. Qualitative findings revealed that maintaining independence and enjoyment motivated engagement in intervention-targeted behaviours, whereas managing ill health was a potential barrier. Social support for engaging in such activities could provide motivation, but was not desirable for all. These findings informed development of highly acceptable intervention content and functionality for target users.Conclusions A digitally-delivered intervention with minimal support appears acceptable and potentially engaging to older adults with higher and lower levels of cognitive performance. As well as informing our own intervention, the insights obtained through our development process may be useful for others working with, and developing interventions for, older adults and/or those with cognitive impairment.
Evaluation of a multidisciplinary lipid clinic to improve the care of individuals with severe lipid conditions: a RE-AIM Framework Analysis
Authors: Jones Laney K , McMinn Megan , Kann David , Lesko Michael , Sturm Amy C. , Walters Nicole , Chen Nan , Fry Kerrianne , Brownson Ross C. , Gidding Samuel S. , Williams Marc S. , Rahm Alanna Kulchak
Published: January 2021

Background. Individuals with complex dyslipidemia, or those with medication intolerance, are often difficult to manage in primary care. They require the additional attention, expertise, and adherence counseling that occurs in multidisciplinary lipid clinics (MDLCs). We conducted a program evaluation of the first year of a newly implemented MDLC utilizing the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework to provide empirical data not only on program effectiveness, but also on components important to local sustainability and future generalizability.Methods. The purpose of the MDLC is to increase uptake of guideline-based care for lipid conditions. Established in 2019, the MDLC provides care via a centralized clinic location within the healthcare system. Primary care providers and cardiologists were invited to refer individuals with lipid conditions. Using a pre/post study design, we evaluated implementation outcomes from the MDLC using the RE-AIM framework. Results. In 2019, 420 referrals were made to the MDLC (reach). Referrals were made by 19% (148) of the 796 active cardiology and primary care providers; with an average of 35 patient referrals per month in 2019 (SD 12) (adoption). The MDLC saw 83 patients in 2019 (reach). Additionally, 50% (41/82) had at least one follow-up MDLC visit and 12% (10/82) had two or more follow-up visits in 2019 (implementation). In patients seen by the MDLC, we found improved diagnosis of specific lipid conditions (FH, hypertriglyceridemia, and dyslipidemia), increased prescribing of evidence-based therapies, high rates of medication prior authorization approvals, and significant reductions in lipid levels by lipid condition subgroup (effectiveness). Over time, the operations team decided to transition from in-person follow-up to telehealth appointments to increase capacity and sustain the clinic (maintenance).Conclusions. Despite limited reach and adoption of the MDLC, we found a large intervention effect that included improved diagnosis, increased prescribing of guideline-recommended treatments, and clinically significant reduction of lipid levels. Attention to factors including solutions to decrease the large burden of unseen referrals, discussion of the appropriate number and duration of visits, and sustainability of the clinic model could aid in enhancing the success of the MDLC and improving outcomes for more patients throughout the system.
Comparing syngeneic and autochthonous models of breast cancer to identify tumor immune components that correlate with response to immunotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Lal Jessica Castrillon , Mehta Anita K. , Townsend Madeline G. , Oliwa Madisson , Miller Eric , Sotayo Alaba , Cheney Emily , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Letai Anthony , Guerriero Jennifer L.
Published: January 2021

Background: The heterogeneity of the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) may contribute to the lack of durable responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), however, mouse models to test this are currently lacking. Proper selection and use of preclinical models are necessary for rigorous, preclinical studies to rapidly move laboratory findings into the clinic to treat patients.Methods: We compared 3 versions of a common syngeneic and autochthonous mouse model to elucidate how tumor latency and TME heterogeneity contributes to ICB resistance. We performed comprehensive characterization of the TME using quantitative flow-cytometry and RNA expression analysis (NanoString) utilizing three distinct syngeneic breast cancer models, all derived from the MMTV-PyMT autochthonous model. A commonly used protocol was used to obtain tumor cells from MMTV-PyMT mice and 1E6, 1E5 or 1E4 cells were immediately injected into the mammary fat pad of FVB/NJ wild type mice. We then performed deep immunophenotyping and tested ICB efficacy in the 3 syngeneic models compared to the autochthonous model. Results: The 4 models had vastly different TMEs that correlated to ICB responses. We found that the number of cells used to generate syngeneic tumors significantly influences tumor latency, infiltrating leukocyte population and response to ICB. Compared to the autochthonous model, all 3 syngeneic models had significantly more tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs; CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and higher proportions of PD-L1 positive myeloid cells, whereas the MMTV-PyMT model had the highest frequency of myeloid cells out of total leukocytes. Increased TILs correlated with response to anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy; but PD-L1expression on tumor cells or PD-1 expression of T-cells did not.Conclusions: These studies reveal that the commonly used syngeneic models have low concordance with the autochthonous model. We have identified ICB-sensitive and resistant syngeneic breast cancer models, generated from the same tumor cell inoculum, and find that only the 1E4 syngeneic model is representative of the slow growing, autochthonous model. Given the lack of benefit from ICB in breast cancer, the identification of robust murine models presented here provides the opportunity to further interrogate the TME for breast cancer treatment and provide novel insights into therapeutic combinations to overcome ICB resistance.
One-tube SARS-CoV-2 detection platform based on RT-RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a
Authors: Sun Yangyang , Yu Lei , Liu Chengxi , Ye Shanting , Chen Wei , Li Dechang , Huang Weiren
Published: January 2021

Background: COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world, affecting a large percentage of the population. When lifting certain mandatory measures for an economic restart, robust surveillance must be established and implemented, with nucleic acid detection for SARS-CoV-2 as an essential component. Methods: We tried to develop a one-tube detection platform based on RT-RPA (Reverse Transcription and Recombinase Polymerase Isothermal Amplification) and DNA Endonuclease-Targeted CRISPR Trans Reporter (DETECTR) technology, termed OR-DETECTR, to detect SARS-CoV-2. We designed RT-RPA primers of the RdRp and N genes following the SARS-CoV-2 gene sequence. We optimized reaction components so that the detection process could be carried out in one tube. Specificity was demonstrated by detecting nucleic acid samples from pseudoviruses from seven human coronaviruses and Influenza A (H1N1). Clinical samples were used to validate the platform and all results were compared to rRT-PCR. RNA standards and pseudoviruses diluted by different gradients were used to demonstrate the detection limit. Additionally, we have developed a lateral flow assay based on OR-DETECTR for detecting COVID-19.Results: The OR-DETECTR detection process can be completed in one tube, which takes approximately 50 min. This method can specifically detect SARS-CoV-2 from seven human coronaviruses and Influenza A (H1N1), with a low detection limit of 2.5 copies/µl input (RNA standard) and 1 copy/µl input (pseudovirus). Results of six samples from SARS-CoV-2 patients, eight samples from patients with fever but no SARS-CoV-2 infection, and one mixed sample from 40 negative controls showed that OR-DETECTR is 100% consistent with rRT-PCR. The lateral flow assay based on OR-DETECTR can be used for the detection of COVID-19, and the detection limit is 2.5 copies/µl input.Conclusions: The OR-DETECTR platform for the detection of COVID-19 is rapid, accurate, tube closed, easy-to-operate, and free of large instruments.
FUNDAMENTAL LESSONS OF THE FIRST HUMAN VERTICAL ROCKET FLIGHT
Authors: Gooden Brett
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the historic but tragic first human vertical rocket flight which took place in south-western Germany on 1 March 1945. The primary lesson learned from the flight was that, as a result of the combination of psychological and physiological stresses, a human pilot could not be expected to fly a vertically launched rocket manually. An autopilot would be essential for the guidance of the Natter rocket interceptor up to its operational altitude. No further human vertical rocket flights took place until 1961 when Major Yuri Gagarin was launched into orbit. In early April 1945 a fully operational Natter flew successfully into the lower stratosphere under the control of a three-axis autopilot and crewed with a dummy pilot. Both dummy pilot and rear fuselage were recovered successfully under separate parachutes. In less than a year the engineers and scientists in collaboration with aviation physicians and physiologists at research institutions across Germany had laid down the basic principles which still apply to human rocket flight today.
Sodium nanoparticles in alkali halide minerals: Why is villiaumite red and halite blue?
Authors: Calas Georges , Galoisy Laurence , Geisler Alexis
Published: January 2021

The presence of metal Na nanoparticles causes the bright, thermally unstable colors of villiaumite (NaF) and halite (NaCl). These nanoparticles have been suspected for a long time to be caused by external irradiation. Metal nanoparticles, often referred to as metal colloids, cause surface plasmon resonance effects, characterized by a single Lorentzian-shaped absorption band. The color of these minerals is due to metal Na nanoparticles of 2.5–3 nm. A key point is that the resonance wavelength, which corresponds to the maximum of the absorption band, is inversely related to the value of the refractive index of the embedding mineral. This causes the position of the main absorption band to be offset downward by 140 nm in halite relative to villiaumite. As a consequence, the optical transmission window is shifted from the long to the short wavelength domain, explaining the color of blue halite and red villiaumite, respectively. Similar refractive index dependence may explain the purple color of fluorite caused by metallic Ca nanoparticles. Finally, the origin of the villiaumite irradiation may be the presence of Th-rich (about 8.8 wt% ThO2) nano-inclusions, about 500 nm large, illustrating the specific geochemistry of peralkaline rocks where villiaumite is found.
On the parameters of an industrial motor vehicle designed to transport sized coal out of the face of an open pit
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, A Mulenkova , I.I. Demchenko ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Sized coal production in the face of an open pit allows to reduce its prime cost by reducing transfers and backhauls. At that, the maintenance of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the produced coal is highly significant. For this purpose it is suggested that the coal’s transfer from the face to the daylight surface ought to be carried out in specialized containers installed on an industrial motor vehicle being the initial link in the resource-saving and ecological technology of sized coal transportation out of the face of an open pit. The research aims to determine and substantiate the parameters of an industrial motor vehicle for sized coal transportation in specialized containers out of the face to the daylight surface. Methodology. An industrial motor vehicle parameters determining mathematical model have been worked out, which allows to determine the rational values of its carrying capacity and structural parameters. Research methods include mathematical modeling and analysis, computer calculation software tools, and physical modeling. Results. The present work has determined the range of parameters and the alternatives of structural variants of an industrial motor vehicle adapted for the specialized containers with sized coal transportation out of the face of an open pit. Interdependences between its basic parameters among themselves and between its basic parameters and external factors have been examined. The dependences between the carrying capacity and the productivity of processing equipment, time of sized coal loading into the containers, and the dimensions of a freight platform. Conclusions. Dependences derived in the present work allow to determine rational values of industrial motor vehicle parameters and come into the substantiation of excavating and loading equipment and processing equipment for co-operation in the process chain of coal production in the face of an open pit.
Consumers' purchasing intentions for efficient water-saving products: the mediating effects of altruistic and egoistic values
Authors: Sarpong Kwabena Agyarko , Amankwaa Gordon , Frimpong Obeng , Xu Wanzhen , Cao Yunfei , Ni Xiaoni , Nkrumah Nana Kwame
Published: January 2021

Efficient water-saving appliances are an essential part of changing water consumption toward a more sustainable future. Unlike previous studies, this research focuses on egoistic and altruistic values as determinants of consumers' willingness to buy efficient water-saving appliances. In this study, a convenient sampling technique was used to solicit data from 308 potential consumers. Using a two-step structural equation model method for data analysis, the results show that both egoistic and altruistic values affect the willingness of consumers to purchase efficient water-saving appliances. However, compared with altruistic values, egoistic values had a greater influence on consumers' purchasing intention. From the Chinese perspective, this study is one of the primary efforts to understand the association and importance of ethical values and consumers' willingness to support water-saving innovations. The findings of this study put forward significant policy effects that could serve as a benchmark for measures that are likely to promote purchasing intentions toward efficient water-saving appliances.
Modeling of contaminant concentration using the classification-based model integrated with data preprocessing algorithms
Authors: Pipelzadeh Saeed , Mastouri Reza
Published: January 2021

Water quality is one of the most important factors contributing to a healthy life; meanwhile, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) are the most important parameters in water quality, and many water developing plans have been implemented for the recognition of these factors. The accurate prediction of water quality parameters (WQPs) is an essential requisite for water quality management, human health, public consumption, and domestic uses. Using three novel data preprocessing algorithms (DPAs), including empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble EMD (EEMD), and variational mode decomposition (VMD) to estimate two important WQPs, TDS and EC, differentiates this study from the existing literature. The acceptability and reliability of the proposed models (e.g., model tree (MT), EMD-MT, EEMD-MT, and VMD-MT) were evaluated using five performance metrics and visual plots. A comparison of the performances of standalone and hybrid models indicated that DPAs can enhance the performance of standalone MT model for both TDS and EC estimations. For instance, the VMD-MT model (root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 24.41 mg/l, ratio of RMSE to SD (RSD) = 0.231, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (Ens) = 0.94 (Garmrood) and RMSE = 31.85 mg/l, RSD = 0.133, and Ens = 0.98 (Varand)) outperformed other hybrid models and original MT models for TDS estimations. Regarding the EC estimation results, as for R2, VMD could enhance the accuracy of prediction for the MT model for Garmrood and Varand stations by 10.2 and 7.6%, respectively.
Assessment of phytoplankton community structure and water quality in the Hongmen Reservoir
Authors: Liu Chenwei , Sun Xu , Su Lianghu , Cai Jinbang , Zhang Longjiang , Guo Liyun
Published: January 2021

To find effective measures to control the water quality of the Hongmen Reservoir, it is necessary to better understand its phytoplankton composition, abundance and spatial and temporal distribution. Samples were collected at three sampling sites in January (dry season), May (wet season) and September (normal season) in 2019. Trophic level and stability status were assessed on the basis of the Shannon diversity index (H), species richness (S) and evenness (J) index. The different relationships between phytoplankton and the concentrations of several physicochemical parameters and the main soluble nutrients were evaluated by statistical tests. The results showed that there were 75 species belonging to seven groups of phytoplankton, including Chlorophyta (44 species), Bacillariophyta (12 species), Cyanophyta (9 species) and others (10 species). The phytoplankton community composition belongs to the Chlorophyta–Bacillariophyta–Cyanobacteria type structure; and Microcystis, Anabaena azotica Ley, Aphanizomenon, Melosira granulata were the main contributors to the dissimilarities in the temporal distributions of their communities. The phytoplankton density ranged from 4.42 × 106 to 8.99 × 106 particles/L, with an average of 6.45 × 106 particles/L, and the biomass was 4.42 × 106 ∼ 8.99 × 106 particles/L, with an average of 6.45 × 106 particles/L. The variation ranges of the Shannon–Wiener index (H′), Margalef index (D) and Pielou evenness index (J) were 2.05 ∼ 2.85, 4.12 ∼ 6.60 and 0.61–0.78, respectively. This research shows that the water in the Hongmen Reservoir is clean and that the pollution level is light. The correlation analysis shows that total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen are the main factors affecting phytoplankton community structure in the Hongmen Reservoir.
System for controlled distribution of non-demand-covering water availability: concept, design and modelling
Authors: Walter David , Klingel Philipp
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a novel water supply system to distribute limited water resources with varying quantity. The system enables a controlled, planned and, thus, fair distribution of the water availability independently from the consumption patterns. The system input is transported by gravitation through a branched pipe system to decentralised storage tanks. Each storage tank is allocated to a supply unit which comprises several consumers and, possibly, distribution structures connecting the consumers and the tank. At every junction the water is divided by a distribution tank with several chambers that are separated by weir overflows. Water that is not consumed is redistributed in the system automatically. The concept, the components, planning criteria and system design as well as the system modelling are described within the paper. The application of the solution in a supply area located in northern Vietnam is outlined.
Tafonomía forense: estudio experimental del proceso de descomposición cadavérica en un Bosque seco tropical costero
Authors: Hernández-A Luz , Beltrán-B Kiara , Valverde-Castro César
Published: January 2021

El conflicto armado y la delincuencia común son las principales fuentes de homicidios en Colombia, lo que confronta a las autoridades con cadáveres abandonados y sin identificar; esta situación plantea la necesidad de recrear escenas del crimen como herramienta para estimar el Intervalo Post Mortem. Se utilizó un cadáver de cerdo para estudiar su proceso de descomposición bajo condiciones de exposición al sol en un fragmento de bosque seco del cerro Ziruma en la ciudad de Santa Marta, Colombia. El cerdo es considerado como un buen biomodelo, debido a las similitudes biológicas con el ser humano. Se evidenciaron cinco fases de descomposición, las cuales fueron descritas durante 10 días, teniendo en cuenta los cambios físicos y la temperatura ambiental. Se documentó la actividad de insectos necrófagos, la cual, junto a las altas temperaturas presentadas en el lugar de estudio, jugaron un papel importante en el aceleramiento del proceso de descomposición. El empleo de este tipo de biomodelos permitirá a futuro el desarrollo de herramientas forenses y la ejecución de protocolos de muestreos, para esclarecer investigaciones médico-legales, al contar con información útil para estimar los tiempos de muerte en cadáveres encontrados en avanzado estado de descomposición en ecosistemas similares.
Aspectos psicosociales en pacientes candidatos a trasplante de órganos
Authors: Ibáñez-López Cristina , Méndez-Méndez Mª Dolores , Concha-Gónzález Verónica , Pereira-Lestayo Mª Isabel
Published: January 2021

Este estudio analiza las variables psicosociales implicadas en el proceso de trasplante de órganos y plantea las posibles contribuciones de la psicología clínica en su abordaje. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo-transversal con muestra no probabilística intencional de N=64 (51 hombres y 13 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre 37 y 66 años (Media=58,17; Desviación Típica=6,038). La evaluación se realiza mediante la entrevista clínica, la aplicación de la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria de Zimong y Shaith y del Mini-Examen del Estado Mental de Folstein y colaboradores. Se encuentra que entre el 56-68% de los pacientes tiene conciencia de la necesidad de mantener hábitos saludables. Un 37,5% del grupo de trasplante hepático no cumple abstinencia alcohólica superior a 6 meses. Más de la mitad de los candidatos tienen antecedentes en salud mental y aproximadamente el 20% presenta sintomatología clínica. Entre el 62-81% está motivado para la intervención. La influencia de los factores psicosociales en la evolución y el pronóstico de los trasplantes muestra la necesidad de fomentar la participación del psicólogo clínico en la evaluación y en el desarrollo de intervenciones adecuadas a las necesidades específicas de cada fase, favoreciendo la atención sanitaria integral durante todo el proceso.
Human ecology
Authors: Konstańczak Stefan
Published: January 2021

Environmental problems do have a universal dimension: they concern entire humanity as well as each human being individually, therefore, a new ecology needs to be developed in which man will play a principal role being a focal point of the study, its creator and executor of its assumptions, the discipline thus understood is one of the aspects of general ecology for it studies relationships between man as a species and its environment, the author believes that, regardless of the standpoint that representatives of various sciences may take, the future of our species depends on the interdisciplinary approach toward the questions that are subject to human ecology studies.
Białka roślinne i ich funkcjonalne działania
Authors: Nowicka Grażyna
Published: January 2021

The primary role of the diet is to provide adequate quantities of nutrients to meet metabolic requirements and maintain optimal health. However, it has been shown that certain types of food or specific food components can affect a variety of body functions and provide specific health benefits. Diet containing such types of food may promote better health and play an important role in disease prevention by reducing the risk of certain chronic diseases. Vegetable proteins, especially legume proteins, have been recognized as factors influencing lipid metabolism. Hypocholesterolemic effects of different legume proteins have been documented. Hypotensive action of bioactive peptides derived from soy and lupin proteins has been reported. In soy a peptide of anti-mitotic activity was found and it may play a significant role in suppression of tumor development and cancer prevention. Diet rich in vegetables and vegetable proteins is related to lower risk of cardiovascular and cancer mortality.
Źródła antropologii Juliana Haynesa Stewarda
Authors: Sadowski Ryszard F.
Published: January 2021

Julian H. Steward claims that he is the only author of an anthropological approach called cultural ecology and no one affected him in the process of working out the concept. However, this essay shows that there are three main sources that influenced Steward: social and natural environment, family and educational background, and intellectual community. All of these sources affected him on different levels but without their influence Steward would not create such an original concept of anthropological approach. M s essay points out the importance of Steward’s hard work on a farm during his study in Deep Springs College and the significance of the natural environment of California. It emphasizes the role of Steward’s parents, his college educators, and professors in Berkeley, as well as his personal experience during the Great Depression. Finally, this article describes the influence of the intellectual community on Steward, especially by F. Boas, A. Kroeber, and publications of T. R. Malthus, C. D. Forde, C. O. Sauer, and many others.
Analiza stylistyczno-porównawcza karpackich obiektów sakralnych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem greckokatolickiej świątyni w Łosiu
Authors: Wójtowicz Bernadetta
Published: January 2021

The article contains a stylistic comparison of the analysis of religious objects and their description of the landscape of the Carpathian region.
Polityka socjalna i sytuacja ludzi w podeszłym wieku
Authors: Krajewski Piotr
Published: January 2021

We have observed great interest in the phenomenon of aging of the population and its consequences. On the hand, all who are much younger should learn how to grow old taking into account that the phenomenon of life is a dynamic process and it is not connected with the present day but the future which will come very fast, that is why, it should not find us unprepared.

Some attention is paid to the problem of aging and social duty of securing old people a decent existence. It requires a change of consciousness regarding old people as well as their own consciousness. It is known that education is a constant process which is based on a fundamental human right to self-realisation. It contributes to global development of society which we are a part of.Human personal life becomes a subject of economic manipulation, thus , next to global and clear policy directed to old people, which is a central part of the family policy, increasing activity of the private people and local institutions in using and regaining educational values of the old person presence in family and social life is suggested.
Correct Management of Agroecosystem, Source of New Nutrition
Authors: Sandner Jan
Published: January 2021

Abstract is not available.
Polityka ochrony środowiska w podstawach traktatowych UE
Authors: Molak Dominika
Published: January 2021

The article contains a presentation of the main documents of the European Union and analyses ecological policy and the problems of environmental protection in this regard.
VII Pielgrzymkowy Rajd Świętokrzyski - rozwijanie zainteresowań przyrodniczych
Authors: Buchcic Elżbieta , Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona
Published: January 2021

Streszczenie nie jest dostępne.
Edukacja środowiskowa w katechezie szkolnej
Authors: Strumińska-Doktór Anna
Published: January 2021

Streszczenie nie jest dostępne.
Problematyka wychowania społecznego w posoborowym nauczaniu Kościoła
Authors: Dziekoński Stanisław
Published: January 2021

The issue of social education has an important place in the teaching of the Church. In the pronouncements of the II Vatican Council the need for the formation of the basis of the constructive and responsible participation of children in social life has been noted. Such directions of education have been developed in the teaching after the Council. Even more strongly has it been underlined that the integral education of man demands formation towards the essential values of human life and a gradual introduction of children to responsibility for the formation of the civilization of love in the contemporary world.A large part of the pronouncements of the Church and of the Popes must be seen as the reaction to the changes taking place in the world. But, independently from the period of history, the Church has always underlined the irreplaceable and primary role of the family in the personal-social education of the child.
NAFLD: Diagnostic Algorithms for Regulating Patient Fluxes
Authors: Pallini Giada , Tsochatzis Emmanuel A.
Published: January 2021

The global prevalence of NAFLD is estimated to be over 25% and it is already the leading cause of
chronic liver disease in industrialized countries, as a consequence of the spread of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
The prognosis of NAFLD is generally benign in the absence of fibrosis, but liver fibrosis rapidly progresses
in 20% of the cases and can lead to cirrhosis and/or HCC. This review focuses on non-invasive fibrosis
testing strategies for patients with NAFLD in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of diagnosis and
care, regulating secondary care referral fluxes. An integrated management plan between primary care and secondary
care with a defined algorithm of non-invasive testing to stratify the risk of NAFLD fibrosis is indispensable
to increase the early diagnosis of fibrosis but also decrease unnecessary referrals.
Revolution in the Synthesis, Physio-chemical and Biological Characterization of Gold Nanoplatform
Authors: Fai Tan K. , Kumar Palanirajan V.
Published: January 2021

This review article mainly focuses on the revolution of the synthesis of gold nanoplatform from the
previous era to the present era. Initially, the gold nanoplatform was widely used by the electrical and electronic
industries for their products due to its remarkable properties, such as large surface volume, redox activity, fluorescence
quenching, and optical-electronic properties. In this era, due to the invention of localised surface plasmonic
resonance, optoacoustic, photothermal and theragnostic characteristics of the gold nanoplatforms and
their application in biosensors and various diagnostic methods, the pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies
have started showing their interest in manufacturing gold nanoplatforms for their new product development.
This colloidal dispersion is synthesized in various forms, such as a gold nanoparticle, gold nanoplatform,
plasmonic gold nanoparticle, amphiphilic gold nanoparticle, and gold nanocrystal. This review article describes
various methods for preparation of gold nanoplatforms with different size, shape, and physiobiological properties
and their applications in different fields.
The Next Generation of Machine Learning in DDIs Prediction
Authors: Huang Wei , Li Chunyan , Ju Ying , Gao Yan
Published: January 2021

Drug-drug interactions may occur when combining two or more drugs may cause some adverse
events such as cardiotoxicity, central neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, etc. However, a large number of researchers
who are proficient in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been engaged in drug assays and trying to
find out the side effects of all kinds of drug combinations. However, at the same time, the number of new drugs
is increasing dramatically, and the drug assay is an expensive and time-consuming process. It is impossible to
find all the adverse reactions through drug experiments. Therefore, new attempts have been made in using
computational techniques to deal with this problem. In this review, we conduct a review of the literature on applying
the computational method for predicting drug-drug interactions. We first briefly introduce the widely
used data sets. After that, we elaborate on the existing state-of-art deep learning models for drug-drug interactions
prediction. We also discussed the challenges and opportunities of applying the computational method in
drug-drug interactions prediction.
pH-Dependent Release Matrix Oral Formulation of Prussian Blue to Improve its Efficacy as an Internal Decorporation Agent
Authors: Agrawal Vaishali , Sandal Nidhi , Singh Ajay K. , Pathak Dharam Pal
Published: January 2021

Background:

Prussian Blue (PB) is available as conventional release dosage form “Radiogardase”
with effective daily dose of 3-10 g (very high). The target site is the duodenum, where
it inhibits the enterohepatic circulation of Cs & Tl ions, enhancing their fecal excretion.

Objective:

To enhance efficacy, target release, reduce the dose and side effects, oral pH-dependent
matrix formulation of PB based on in-situ gelation of sodium alginate along with calcium salts was
formulated and evaluated.

Methods:

Different combinations of matrix granules were formulated and optimized. The optimized
one was compressed using Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (Pvp K30) in different batches and optimized.
Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to assess in-vitro binding efficacy of formulation
to thallium using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The proof of concept i.e., drug release in the duodenum
was studied through pharmacoscintigraphy using radiolabeled formulation in rabbits.

Results:

The optimized granules showed no drug release in an acidic medium for 2 h whereas complete
empty of the basket in a basic medium within 30-60 minutes. The matrix tablet formulation
with Pvp K30 (10% w/w) was optimized with desired hardness and optimum in-vitro release profile.
The release data fitted to various linear kinetic models, Hixson-Crowell r2 (0.9906) best fit,
confirmed the erosion-based release mechanism. The maximum binding capacity (MBC) was
found significantly higher (89.60 mg Tl/g formulation) than that of PB API (65.90 mg Tl /g PB
API). Pharmacoscintigraphic images confirmed intact formulation in the stomach up to 2h and
burst release in intestine thereafter.

Conclusion:

The results exemplify oral pH dependent PB matrix formulation which achieved desirable target release at
duodenum and in-vitro binding efficacy towards Tl ion was appreciable.
The Role of RNA Modifications and RNA-modifying Proteins in Cancer Therapy and Drug Resistance
Authors: Wood Shaun , Willbanks Amber , Cheng Jason X.
Published: January 2021

The advent of new genome-wide sequencing technologies has uncovered abnormal
RNA modifications and RNA editing in a variety of human cancers. The discovery of reversible
RNA N6-methyladenosine (RNA: m6A) by fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) demethylase
has led to exponential publications on the pathophysiological functions of m6A and its corresponding
RNA modifying proteins (RMPs) in the past decade. Some excellent reviews have summarized
the recent progress in this field. Compared to the extent of research into RNA: m6A and
DNA 5-methylcytosine (DNA: m5C), much less is known about other RNA modifications and their
associated RMPs, such as the role of RNA: m5C and its RNA cytosine methyltransferases (RCMTs)
in cancer therapy and drug resistance. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress surrounding
the function, intramolecular distribution and subcellular localization of several major
RNA modifications, including 5′ cap N7-methylguanosine (m7G) and 2′-O-methylation (Nm),
m6A, m5C, A-to-I editing, and the associated RMPs. We will then discuss dysregulation of those
RNA modifications and RMPs in cancer and their role in cancer therapy and drug resistance.
Digital Mammograms with Image Enhancement Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Suradi Saifullah Harith , Abdullah Kamarul Amin
Published: January 2021

Background:

Digital mammograms with appropriate image enhancement techniques
will improve breast cancer detection, and thus increase the survival rates. The objectives of this
study were to systematically review and compare various image enhancement techniques in digital
mammograms for breast cancer detection.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted with the use of three online databases namely, Web of
Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Developed keywords strategy was used to include only the relevant
articles. A Population Intervention Comparison Outcomes (PICO) strategy was used to develop
the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Image quality was analyzed quantitatively based on peak
signal-noise-ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE),
Entropy, and Contrast Improvement Index (CII) values.

Results:

Nine studies with four types of image enhancement techniques were included in this
study. Two studies used histogram-based, three studies used frequency-based, one study used
fuzzy-based and three studies used filter-based techniques. All studies reported PSNR values
whilst only four studies reported MSE, AMBE, Entropy, and CII values. Filter-based was the highest
PSNR values of 78.93, among other types. For MSE, AMBE, Entropy, and CII values, the highest
were frequency-based (7.79), fuzzy-based (93.76), filter-based (7.92), and frequency-based
(6.54) respectively.

Conclusion:

In summary, image quality for each image enhancement technique is varied, especially
for breast cancer detection. In this study, the frequency-based of Fast Discrete Curvelet Transform
(FDCT) via the UnequiSpaced Fast Fourier Transform (USFFT) shows the most superior
among other image enhancement techniques.
Antimicrobial Activity ofColeus forskohlii Fractions, Isolation and Characterization
of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Shaker Kamel H. , Yonus M. Abo , Ibrahim Mohamed A. , Kilany Mona , Wiggers Frank
Published: January 2021

Background:

It is known that medicinal plants represent promising candidates against
many species of pathogenic bacteria. The south area of Saudi Arabia “Asir region” has a unique
habitat and its medicinal plant's composition is still nearly unexplored. Therefore, the aim of the
present work is to investigate the antimicrobial activities of Coleus forskohlii fractions and to identify
the major active compounds.

Methods:

The total plant extract was partitioned by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol.
Agar well diffusion was assessed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the plant fractions
against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and Candida albicans. Successive column chromatography
was performed to isolate the major metabolites. Structures of the isolated compounds were determined
by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Results:

All plant fractions showed significant antimicrobial potential activities against the tested
pathogens, where ethyl acetate exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by petroleum
ether then n-butanol. From the n-butanol fraction, thymoquinol-2-O-β-glucopyranoside (1) was isolated
while syringic acid (2), methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (3), and luteolin (4) were assigned
from the ethyl acetate fraction.

Conclusion:

The antimicrobial assays revealed that ethyl acetate was the most potent fraction and
the major abundant metabolites of C. forskohlii, thymoquinol-2-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), syringic
acid (2), methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (3), and luteolin (4) were isolated herein for the first
time.
The Neuroprotective Properties, Functions, and Roles of Cannabis sativa in Selected Diseases Related to the Nervous System
Authors: Mahdi Onesimus , Baharuldin Mohamad T.H. , Nor Nurul Huda M. , Chiroma Samaila M. , Jagadeesan Saravanan , Moklas Mohamad A.M.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Cannabis and its extracts are now being explored due to their huge health
benefits. Although, the effect they elicit, whether on humans or rodents, may vary based on the
age of the animal/subject and or the time in which the extract is administered. However, several debates
exist concerning the various medical applications of these compounds. Nonetheless, their applicability
as therapeutics should not be clouded based on their perceived negative biological actions.

Methods::

Articles from reliable databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus,
and Ovid were searched. Specific search methods were employed using multiple keywords:
‘‘Medicinal Cannabis; endocannabinoid system; cannabinoids receptors; cannabinoids and cognition;
brain disorders; neurodegenerative diseases’’. For the inclusion/exclusion criteria, only relevant
articles related to medicinal Cannabis and its various compounds were considered.

Results::

The current review highlights the role, effects, and involvement of Cannabis, cannabinoids,
and endocannabinoids in preventing selected neurodegenerative diseases and possible
amelioration of cognitive impairments. Furthermore, it also focuses on Cannabis utilization in
many disease conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease among others.

Conclusion::

In conclusion, the usage of Cannabis should be further explored as accumulating evidence
suggests that it could be effective and somewhat safe, especially when adhered to the
recommended dosage. Furthermore, in-depth studies should be conducted in order to unravel the
specific mechanism underpinning the involvement of cannabinoids at the cellular level and their
therapeutic applications.
Extraordinary Command Line: Basic Data Editing Tools for Biologists Dealing with Sequence Data
Authors: Mielczarek Magda , Czech Bartosz , Stańczyk Jarosław , Szyda Joanna , Guldbrandtsen Bernt
Published: January 2021

The command line is a standard way of using the Linux operating system. It contains many features essential for efficiently handling data editing and analysis processes. Therefore, it is very useful in bioinformatics applications. Commands allow for rapid manipulation of large ASCII files or very numerous files, making basic command line programming skills a critical component in modern life science research. The following article is not a guide to Linux commands. In this manuscript, in contrast to many various Linux manuals, we aim to present basic command line tools helpful in handling biological sequence data. This manuscript provides a collection of simple and popular hacks dedicated to users with very basic experience in the area of the Linux command line. It includes a description of data formats and examples of editing of four types of data formats popular in bioinformatics applications.
The Effect of “High-ankle Sprain” Taping on Ankle Syndesmosis Congruity: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Lamer Stéphanie , Hébert-Davies Jonah , Dubé Vincent , Leduc Stéphane , Sandman Émilie , Ménard Jérémie , Nault Marie-Lyne
Published: January 2021

Background:

Different treatment options exist for dynamically unstable purely ligamentous syndesmotic injury, including surgery, walking boot, brace and taping.

Objective:

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-ankle sprain taping (ring taping) on syndesmotic stability in various ligament conditions when axial loading is applied.

Methods:

This controlled cadaveric laboratory study included ten cadaveric specimens installed in a custom-made device applying 750N of axial loading in order to simulate weight-bearing. Sectioning of syndesmotic ligaments, AiTFL and IOL, was done sequentially and CT scan images were taken with and without high-ankle sprain taping. A validated measurement system consisting of 3 lengths and 1 angle was used. Results were compared with Wilcoxon tests for paired samples and non-parametric data.

Results:

In every ligament condition (intact vs. cut), no statistically significant difference was observed between specimens, with or without high-ankle sprain taping and with or without axial loading. When the data from ankles with AiTFL and IOL ruptures were compared, the mean for length “b” without axial loading was 7.19 (±2.17), compared to 7.20 (±1.98) with axial loading (p-value = 0.905). With taping and the leg still in axial loading, the value was 7.17 (±2.09) (p-value = 0.721), which is not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

It is impossible to conclude regarding high-ankle sprain taping’s capacity to maintain syndesmosis congruity because no significant difference was observed, regardless of condition. The most important finding is that high-ankle sprain taping did not cause malreduction of the injured syndesmosis.

Level of Evidence:

Level V cadaveric study