bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern approaches in the first line treatment of CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Poddubnaya Irina V. , Bariakh Elena A. , Voloshin Sergei V. , Gorenkova Liliia G. , Kaplanov Kamil D. , Kovrigina Alla M. , Mikhailova Nataliia B. , Pospelova Tatiana I. , Ptushkin Vadim V. , Tumian Gaiane S. , Falaleeva Natalia A. , Khusainova Gulnara N.
Published: May 2021

Relevance. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) comprise a heterogeneous group of aggressive lymphoproliferative malignancies that account for approximately 10% of adult non-Hodgkins lymphomas. Despite the variety of PTCL subtypes, CHOP-like regimens are the standard first-line therapy in most cases. At the same time, the level of complete remissions at the using these schemes is about 39%, the 2-year event-free survival rate does not exceed 45%. The possibilities of subsequent therapy of patients are very limited: the median overall survival after relapse is only 6.5 months. The most significant results were obtained only in patients with relapses of anaplastic large cell lymphoma after the use of the targeted drug brentuximab vedotin BV (conjugate of a CD30-directed monoclonal antibody and an antitumor agent). Given the favorable safety profile of this drug, a phase 3, double-blind, randomized study (ECHELON-2) was initiated and conducted comparing the efficacy and safety of the combination of BV with CHP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisolone) (BV+CHP) and standard CHOP regimen in previously untreated patients with CD30-positive PTCL.
Aim. Discuss the entire spectrum of unmet medical needs in the treatment of patients with PTCL and adapt existing approaches taking into account new therapeutic options (results of the protocol ECHELON-2).
Results. The advantages of the BV+CHP regimen in the treatment of previously untreated patients with CD30-positive PTCL were recognized as convincing. Given the lack of real therapeutic options, it is recommended to register in Russia a broad indication for BV: treatment of previously untreated CD30-expressing peripheral T-cell lymphomas (in combination with CHP). It was considered expedient to include the BV+CHP regimen in the updated Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Lymphoproliferative Diseases.
Treatment of advanced small cell lung cancer. Clinical case and literature review
Authors: Menshikov Konstantin V. , Sultanbaev Aleksandr V. , Musin Shamil I. , Menshikova Irina A. , Nasretdinov Ainur F. , Sultanbaeva Nadezda I.
Published: May 2021

Lung cancer is one of the most common tumors in humans. The incidence is in one of the leading positions. In 2019 1327 patients with this pathology were identified in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Of these, with stage III of the disease 28.7%, with stage IV 45.8%, which is higher. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most prognostically unfavorable malignant tumors in humans. About 15% of lung tumors are SCLC. The first combination for the treatment of advanced SCLC after etoposide and platinum preparations was the combination of the etoposide + carboplatin (EP) regimen with atezolizumab. In the IMpower133 study, after a median follow-up of 13.9 months. median overall survival in the atezolizumab group was 12.3 months, and in the placebo group 10.3 months. In clinical observation, the effectiveness of the combination of the EP regimen with atezolizumab has been demonstrated. A patient with SCLC received 4 courses of EP therapy with atezolizumab and 14 injections of atezolizumab. The partial response achieved is retained. Case study efficacy and satisfactory safety profile of the combination of atezolizumab and the EP regimen.
The role of positron emission tomography in different types of malignant lymphomas: the results of 2020
Authors: Sarzhevskiy Vladislav O. , Mukhortova Olga V.
Published: May 2021

The review presents the results of studies published in 2020 concerning the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis of different types of malignant lymphomas. The authors tried to highlight the current trends in the development of the PET method in case of Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The topic concerning the use of PET in immunotherapy is highlighted separately. There was also an emphasis on the interpretation of quantitative imaging biomarkers used in PET. The concept of PET-adapted approach in Hodgkin lymphoma, the predictive significance of PET before high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, predictive value of intermediate PET in case of follicular lymphoma, the application of methionine as PET tracer to diagnose tumor burden and to measure minimal residual disease in case of multiple myeloma, the variants of atypical tumor response to the immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy, PET in diagnosing immune-mediated adverse events are currently relevant for oncologists, hematologists, radiologists and discussed in this article. In the context of the topics the authors showed the results of PET imaging of Russian patients who had PET examination in the Bakulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Stomach cancer. Clinical significance of the expression of key components of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint
Authors: Kovaleva Olga V. , Podlesnaya Polina A. , Gratchev Alexei N. , Chang Viktor L. , Ognerubov Nikolai A. , Kushlinskii Nikolai E.
Published: May 2021

Stomach cancer is one of the most common tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In Russia, stomach cancer is ranked fourth in incidence among malignancies and gives ground for lung, breast and colon cancers. Although the success of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors application in clinical practice has been proven in cases of many forms of malignancies, the advantages of application of these types of drugs in cases of stomach cancer has not yet been determined. The purpose of this review is to analyze modern studies concerning the clinical significance of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in stomach tumors and to find the prospects of immunotherapy these tumors. The large number of studies are currently being described, concerning the analysis of the expression of PD-1, PD-L1 levels in tumor cells and soluble forms of these proteins sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in the serum in patients with stomach cancer. However, their clinical significance is unclear, and in many cases the predictive role of PD-L1 expression for the efficacy of immunotherapy is not yet clearly defined. Further accumulation of knowledge in this area can help to improve the efficacy of existing immunotherapy methods and to develop new predictive criteria.
Antiangiogenic therapy for breast cancer with triple negative phenotype
Authors: Ganshina Inna P. , Ivanova Kristina A. , Gordeeva Olga O. , Arkhipov Aleksandr V. , Zhukova Liudmila G.
Published: May 2021

Triple-negative breast cancer is 1024% of all cases of breast cancer and is characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER-2 receptors in the tumor. The therapy of this illness is a difficult clinical case. In contrast to hormone-positive and HER-2-positive phenotypes, in which we successfully use targeted drugs (antiestrogens and anti-HER-2 drugs), for triple-negative breast cancer we have not had such targets for a long time. Thus, despite the impressive results of immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer, there remains a fairly large group of patients with negative PD-L1 status, for whom it is necessary to develop other treatment strategies. One of the approaches in the treatment of malignant tumors includes not the impact on tumor cells, but the process of angiogenesis. Antiangiogenic drugs have positively proven themselves in the treatment of a large number of malignant tumors but are underestimated for breast cancer (including triple-negative phenotype). The use of bevacizumab in combinations with cytostatic drugs in breast cancer therapy (including triple-negative breast cancer) has been studied in a large number of clinical trials but was undeservedly forgotten in some countries due to the revoked FDA registration. This review presents the role of bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer and suggests the conditions when the administration of this drug is justified and leads to better results.
Breast cancer
Authors: Zhukova Liudmila G. , Andreeva Iuliia I. , Zavalishina Larisa E. , Zakiriakhodzhaev Aziz D. , Koroleva Irina A. , Nazarenko Aleksei V. , Paltuev Ruslan M. , Parokonnaia Anastasiia A. , Petrovskii Aleksandr V. , Portnoi Sergei M. , Semiglazov Vladimir F. , Semiglazova Tatiana I. , Stenina Marina B. , Stepanova Aleksandra M. , Trofimova Oxana P. , Tyulyandin Sergey A. , Frank Georgii A. , Frolova Mona A. , Shatova Iuliana S. , Nevol’skikh Aleksei A. , Ivanov Sergei A. , Khailova Zhanna V. , Gevorkian Tigran G.
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the breast tissue. There is no single etiological factor in the development of breast cancer. In 310% of patients with breast cancer, the development of the disease is associated with the presence of mutations in the breast cancer gene (BRCA) 1, BRCA2, CHEK, NBS1, TP53. In other patients, breast cancer is sporadic.
Common decency
Authors: Dobkin Dennis
Published: May 2021

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Life with COVID-19: Learning to “Breeze in and Breeze out” in Japan
Authors: Tsuchiya Shizuma
Published: May 2021

N/A
What the world needs now is humilty
Authors: Ingram Cory
Published: May 2021

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QUALITY-OF-LIFE STUDY IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND COGNITIVE DISORDERS
Authors: I.B. Zueva , I.D. Yushkova , S.V. Makarenko , Y.V. Kim
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, there is a tendency for an increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among middle-aged patients. It seems relevant to determine the quality of life in patients with MS and cognitive impairment (CI) in this age group. Aim of the study. Studying the quality of life in patients with MS and CI.
Material and methods. In total, 208 people were examined. Out of a total number, 178 patients were divided into 2 groups: some were diagnosed with MS and CI, and some patients had MS but no cognitive deficit. The comparison group consisted of 30 healthy individuals of comparable age. All patients underwent neuropsychological testing. The method of cognitive evoked potential (P300) with the use of EMG/VP Nicolet Viking Select was chosen to quantitatively assess cognitive functions of the patients. Quality of life was assessed by the use of SF 36.
Results and discussion. In the group with MS and CI, compared with patients who have MS but no cognitive disorders, the indicators of general health were lower (52.30±13.90 and 58.22±10.96 points, respectively, p<0.05), physical functioning (69.23±19.79 and 77.13±15.46 points, respectively, p<0.05), emotional role functioning (42.17±21.79 and 56.93±19.84 points, respectively, p<0.05), self-assessment of mental state (53.68±11.84 and 58.39±12.4 points, respectively, p<0.05). In patients with MS and cognitive disorders, a strong association was found between the results of the MMSE test (r=0.39; p=0.015), the Wechsler memory test score (r=0.29; p=0.014), the FAB test score (r=0.43; p=0.018), and physical functioning scores. Mental health scores were associated with the results of the Wexler test (r=0.27; p=0.014). In the group with MS and CI, there was a positive correlation between the amplitude of P300 and indicators of physical functioning (r=0.40; p=0.016).
Findings. In the group of patients with MS and CI, compared with patients without cognitive disorders, there is a decrease in the quality of life, especially in indicators of physical functioning. The quality-of-life parameters of patients with MS are associated with cognitive functions determined both by neuropsychological testing and by P300.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF SPORTS LOADS ON THE DENTAL SYSTEM OF ATHLETES
Authors: A.V. Sevbitov , A.V. Teplova , A.A. Sevbitov , N.I. Khananaev
Published: May 2021

Injuries and pathologies of the maxillofacial region are the most common consequence during sports. The prevalence of pathologies and injuries of the maxillofacial region varies depending on the type of sport they are engaged in, the degree of contact, as well as the age and gender of athletes. An insufficient number of studies have been conducted to study the effect of sports loads on the dentofacial system, so it is necessary to identify the prevalence of pathologies of the maxillofacial region and develop methods for preventing pathologies of the maxillofacial region in athletes when performing physical exercises Studies were conducted using the methods of clinical examination and electronic questionnaires of athletes who experience loads on the dentoalveolar system when performing training exercises. The research involved 50 people. Most athletes otherwise close their teeth when performing training exercises and experience discomfort in the maxillofacial region during training exercises. Few athletes have used any funds for the prevention and prevention of pathological changes in the oral and maxillofacial region.
In a relaxed state, most athletes close their teeth in a different way than when performing physical exercises. Because of this, there may be pathological changes in the maxillofacial region, which must be prevented at an early stage with the help of protective mouthguards.
APPLICATION OF THE ELECTROSTATIC FIELD OF ELECTRET IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH GONARTHROSIS
Authors: D.Yu Vansovich , M.S. Serdobintsev , V.V. Usykov , Ya.B. Tsololo , D.Sh. Mansurov , A.A. Spichko , B.G. Aliev , A.A. Vorokov
Published: May 2021

A significant role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) belongs to the violation of the natural bioelectrogenesis of bone and cartilage tissue. External correction of bioelectric processes in joint structures by means of an electrostatic electret field is pathogenetically justified and has practical significance in the surgical treatment of degenerative diseases in orthopedics.
The article presents an analysis of the results of surgical treatment in 45 patients with stage 2-3 gonarthrosis aged 30 to 70 years using electretes based on tantalum oxide. The results of treatment were evaluated based on the dynamics of the clinical and functional index WOMAC, data from clinical and radiological studies.
The positive effect of the electrostatic field of electret in OA was manifested by a decrease in clinical symptoms of the disease, increased functional activity of patients, restraining degenerative changes in joint structures, and improving the quality of daily life during the follow-up period. The positive effect of the electrostatic field of electret is based on the activation of repair of bone-cartilage structures, which allowed to slow down the degradation of subchondral bone and articular cartilage in gonarthrosis.Clinical use of electret stimulators significantly effectively improves joint function which reduces the risk of progression of degenerative changes in the joint especially in patients with the second stage of the disease.
The clinical use of electronic stimulators significantly effectively improves joint function which reduces the risk of progression of degenerative changes in the joint especially in patients with the second stage of the disease.The use of electretes in the treatment of patients with stage 3 gonarthrosis can improve the function of the joint for a long time more (2 years) and postpone the endoprosthesis operation.
FEATURES OF MODERN PHARMACOTHERAPY OF EPILEPTIC STATUS
Authors: N.G. Tokareva , O.I. Ignatieva
Published: May 2021

In the presented review of the literature, the most significant problems of modern pharmacotherapy of status epilepticus are indicated. The urgency of treatment of status epilepticus is confirmed by its frequency and ineffectiveness of traditional drugs (benzodiazepines, hydantoins, barbiturates), which have a number of side effects from the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In Russian intensive care medicine, treatment of status epilepticus is carried out in accordance with international standards and recommendations. For a number of years, the injectable form of valproate has proven its effectiveness, including in pediatric practice. In comparative studies, phenytoin, valproate and levetiracetam are safe and equally effective in treating status epilepticus. A particular difficulty in therapy is caused by benzodiapine-resistant status epilepticus and refractory, which requires consideration of the possibility of using a combination of antiepileptic drugs. The review of foreign and domestic sources presents the results of clinical studies that allow the use of new antiepileptic drugs, which can effectively stop status epilepticus already in the early stages. New antiepileptic drugs are especially relevant in the treatment of patients refractory to drug treatment. However, treatment with antiepileptic drugs does not always show its effectiveness in refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus, which requires new approaches in complex treatment. The tolerance of drugs and the frequency of side effects are important for patients, since most of them require long-term combined use. Correct selection of antiepileptic drugs increases the level of compliance. A special approach requires the treatment of status epilepticus in the context of palliative care and comorbid pathology. In the treatment and prevention of status epilepticus, surgical treatment and the use of a ketogenic diet can be considered.
THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION PECULIARITIES IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED MEN WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND RECURRENT EPISODES OF ISCHEMIA
Authors: A.V. Gordienko , S.Yu. Epifanov , D.V. Nosovich
Published: May 2021

Relevance. The pulmonary hypertension (PH) and heart failure (HF) development during myocardial infarction (MI) in men with recurrent ischemic events (RIE) has not been adequately studied.
Aim. To evaluate changes in pulmonary circulation parameters (PCP) in men under 60 years old (y.o.) in acute and subacute MI periods with RIS to improve understanding of PH and HF developmental options and to search for possible ways to improve prevention.
Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I of MI. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with RIS - 110 patients; II - control, without it - 555 patients. A comparative assessment of PCP in the first 48 hours and the end of the subacute period of MI in these groups was performed.
Results. In the first hours of MI the higher values of total pulmonary resistance (TPR) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) were noted in the study group. When considering their dynamics at the end of the third MI week the MPAP decreased in both groups (I: by 8.7%; p˂0.0001; II: by 15.0%; p˂0.0001). TPR decreased in both groups (I: by 30.6%; II: by 29.6%; p˂0.0001) too. The heart rate - I: by 6.2%; p=0.03; II: 8.4%; p˂0.0001). At the end of the third MI week, MPAP remained elevated in the study group (I: 30.6 ± 12.7; II: 27.2 ± 7.7; p = 0.03).
TYPES OF CHITOZAN MODIFICATION BY USING VARIOUS DERIVATIVE AGENTS
Authors: N.V. Pyatigorskaya , V.S. Kargin , G.E. Brkich
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of the study of chitosan is associated with favorable biological properties of the polymer: low toxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility with cells of the human body. Chitosan is a complex aminopolysaccharide consisting of two types of monosaccharaides: 2-acetamide-D-glucose and 2-amino-D-glucose connected by a 1,4-β-glycosidic bond, obtained by chitosan by chitin deacetylation. Chitosan has hemostatic, hypolipedymic and antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. However, the preparation of various drugs based on it is accompanied by difficulties in the development of biodegradable compositions that are related to the field of application. For the immobilization of various compounds used as drugs for the treatment of complications associated with damage to the skin, it is possible to use chitosan in dissolved form, converted into a salt form. However, salt forms of chitosan are water-soluble polymers, which leads to the rapid degradation of the matrix and the release of the drug from it, due to hydrophilicity. Additional lipophilization is required to obtain insoluble chitosan structures. Therefore, various modified chitosan structures are used that have suitable properties for the manufacture of a medicament. In addition, lipophilization of the chitosan structure allows the immobilization of more lipophilic structures. The purpose of this work was to study the literature and patent data sources for conducting information-analytical search of the approach. That led to the choice of a modified chitosan structure for its use in the pharmaceutical development of finished dosage forms. The article considers various types of derivatizing agents and the properties of modified chitosan structures.
RESOURCE STUDIES OF SCOTS PINE POLLEN GROWING IN THE MOUNTAIN ZONE OF NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA
Authors: A.M. Karaeva , F.N. Bidarova , M.I. Nartikoeva , A.N. Cabeeva
Published: May 2021

This research work is devoted to resource-based research on the harvesting of Scots pine pollen, as it is known that pine pollen is recognized worldwide as a unique "complete nutrition complex". It is also known that no plant resources can compare with pollen in terms of balance and activity of its constituent elements and BAS (biologically active substances), so its use in official medicine may be promising. In order to identify the possibility of using Scots pine pollen growing in the mountain zone of RSO-Alania on an industrial scale and using raw materials for obtaining broad-spectrum medicines, resource studies of Scots pine growth were conducted and areas forming a forest area that are promising for harvesting were identified, in particular, between the villages of Zintsar and Injinta in the mountain zone of the Alagir gorge of the Republic. A plot of about 3 hectares was taken for research. The operational stock of pine pollen was 117 kg, the volume of possible annual harvesting of pine pollen should not exceed 39 kg. The identified reserves of scots pine pollen growing in the mountain zone of the Alagirsky district of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania allow us to recommend harvesting as a medicinal raw material in reasonable volumes. Of course, for reliable data on the recommended volumes of pollen harvesting, it is necessary to study all the places of growth of scots pine not only in the Alagirsky district of the republic, but also in other areas. Moreover, the research should be carried out both in the mountainous and in the flat part of the territory of the republic. Research in this direction continues.
TMJ MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MALOCCLUSION CAUSING PATHOLOGICAL LOWER JAW POSITION ASYMMETRY
Authors: A.M. Potryasova , Kh.A. Kabieva , А.А. Elovskaya , A.B. Gioeva
Published: May 2021

According to Russian researchers, the prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction ranks third in the structure of dental morbidity among adults. In recent decades, the attention of clinicians to the problem of TMD has been growing rapidly due to the difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with malocclusion, complicated by joint pathology. The purpose of this article is to search for new knowledge that will improve quality of diagnosis of dysfunctional changes in the TMJ of patients with various malocclusion pathologies by identifying correlations between anatomical and morphological features of the joint and dentoalveolar anomalies. Understanding the trends in the development of characteristic morphofunctional disorders will make it easier for doctors to plan treatment for orthodontic patients and increase its effectiveness. Such patients require special attention from orthodontists. When writing this article, we have studied a lot of modern literature, as well as studies of foreign and Russian scientists who is involved in the treatment of dysfunction. However, we have not found the information that would show a direct relationship between anatomical and morphological features and malocclusion pathology, which was the purpose of our work. The article describes in detail the morphological and functional changes that occur at different stages TMD, the relationship between the shape of the glenoid fossa morphology process, included classification of the forms condyloid process described features of the development of bone structures of the TMJ depending on the type of pathological occlusion. Revealed statistics demonstrate the dependence of the frequency of dysfunction on the shape of the articular head and fossa. The analysis of computer tomograms of patients of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics of the First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University allows us to conclude that the oval shape of the TMJ head and the rounded shape of the articular surface of the temporal bone can become a prerequisite for the development of dysfunctional changes. The results of our study will help orthodontists improve the quality of diagnostic measures and the effectiveness of treatment of patients with suspected TMD.
STUDY OF AMINO ACID COMPOSITION IN ABOVE-GROUND PART INULA OCULUS CHRISTI L.
Authors: A.A. Kruglaya
Published: May 2021

One of the conditions for the introduction of a new type of medicinal plant raw materials into medical practice is a comprehensive study of its chemical composition. The wide distribution of amino acids in plants and their high biological activity contribute to the effective action of medicinal raw materials and preparations derived from it on the body. Amino acids give other biologically active substances an easily digestible form, while simultaneously potentiating their pharmacological effect. The world around us contains many amino acids, but about 20 are enough for people to function normally. Amino acids as constituents of proteins are involved in all life processes along with nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids. In addition to amino acids that make up proteins, living organisms have a constant reserve of free amino acids contained in tissues and cell sap. They are in dynamic equilibrium with numerous exchange reactions. Amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of phosphatides, porphins, nucleotides. The qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids in the aerial part of Inula oculus christi was studied. The analysis was carried out on an AAA400 amino acid analyzer, a highly specialized automated liquid chromatograph with computer control, equipped with a post-column detector system. 0.2 g of a sample (accurately weighed on an analytical balance) was suspended in a 20 ml penicillin vial, added to the top with normal hydrochloric acid, tightly closed with a rubber lid, and placed in an oven for 23 hours at 110°C. After hydrolysis, it was cooled to room temperature and evaporated to dryness in a rotary evaporator, after which 5 ml of purified water was added and evaporated again. This water wash procedure is necessary to get rid of residual hydrochloric acid, which negatively affects yield and peak separation. To the sample evaporated to dryness, 50 ml of loading buffer (pH 2.2) was added. Before injection into the ion exchange column, the sample was filtered through a 0.2 µm syringe filter or blue ribbon filter paper. As a result of the analysis, 16 amino acids were found, of which 7 a.re essenti.al (valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine) and 9 nonessential (alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, proline, serine, tyrosine).
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF THE TERRITORIAL PHARMACEUTICAL ECOSYSTEM AS A NEW MARKET MECHANISM IN THE SPHERE OF CIRCULATION OF MEDICINES
Authors: A.L. Petrov , G.N. Andrianova
Published: May 2021

One of the established priorities for the development of the retail pharmaceutical market is the digital transformation of classical market mechanisms, in particular, the recent trend is the expanded expansion of ecosystem platforms in retail pharmaceutical activities. The relevance of studies devoted to assessing the applicability of the ecosystem approach for the territorial organizations of productive forces and the market distribution system of the pharmaceutical market is dictated both by the natural processes of the development of the pharmaceutical market and the regulatory specifics of the pharmaceutical sector. The aim of the study was to conceptualize the ecosystem approach to the organization of the pharmaceutical industry at the regional and interregional levels to form the internal potential for the development of the pharmaceutical industry and the distribution network of the pharmaceutical market. The object of the study was a complex of subjects of the pharmaceutical market, for which the architecture of drug distribution was simulated, as well as functional modeling of the processes of pharmaceutical distribution logistics. To assess the integrative and cooperative relationships of the logistics subsystem of a promising territorial pharmaceutical ecosystem, the results of the semantic tree of connections of regional players in the pharmaceutical market were used, as well as the content analysis of shipping documents in the drug supply chains. To assess the applicability of the ecosystem approach in the studied market segment, we have proposed an adaptation of the approach of specialists from Accenture and Kuzmina T.I. and Mandrik N.V., which consists in the industry specialization of the 5p-complex elements for the pharmaceutical market. When testing the proposed methodology, a semantic model of the logistics subsystem of the territorial pharmaceutical ecosystem was obtained, the typology of integrated structures in pharmaceutical logistics of the Ural Federal District (Ural Federal District) was substantiated, 3pl, 4pl, 5pl-operators of the distribution network of the logistics subsystem were determined. The applicability of the ecosystem approach to the modification of the existing structure of logistics channels in the pharmaceutical logistics of the Ural Federal District in the transition from the model of cluster integration in the industrial production of drugs to the ecosystem patient-oriented platform mechanism for the implementation of drug supply has been substantiated.
Detonation Parameters of the Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate and Some Structures Descriptors in Different Solvents - Computational Study
Authors: HİLAL Cihat , ÖNAL Müşerref , MERT Mehmet Erman
Published: May 2021

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN, C5H8N4O12) is a relatively stable explosive nitrate ester molecule. It has been widely used in various military and public industrial productions. In this study, the solubility tendency of PETN in different organic solvents was investigated theoretically. Several physicochemical parameters of PETN such as density, detonation pressure, temperature, rate and products of detonation reaction were investigated using the B3LYP functional and basic set of polarization functions (d, p) containing 6-31G**. The obtained results have been compared with the literature values. Furthermore, the stability and reactivity of PETN in acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene and methylene chloride were examined. Results revealed toluene is a good solvent to increase the explosive properties of PETN.
Pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca pada perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan pendekatan life cycle assessment
Authors: Harimurti Danang , Hariyadi Hariyadi , Noor Erliza
Published: May 2021

Pertumbuhan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan yang cukup pesat. Dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan akibat pertumbuhan perkebunan kelapa sawit ini adalah kerusakan lingkungan dan peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sumber emisi GRK dari kegiatan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan memberikan alternative untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca melalui pemanfaatan kembali limbah padat dan cair sebagai substitusi pupuk anorganik. Metode yang digunakan adalah penilaian siklus daur hidup (LCA) berdasarkan framework ISO 14040. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa rata-rata emisi GRK yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan perkebunan kelapa sawit adalah 0.08 TCO2e/TTBS/Tahun. Kegiatan pemupukan mempunyai kontribusi cukup tinggi yaitu rata-rata emisi GRK yang dihasilkan adalah 0.07 TCO2e/TTBS/Tahun. Untuk mengurangi emisi GRK yaitu dengan mengoptimalkan penggunaan pupuk organic yang berasal dari limbah produksi CPO berupa limbah cair kelapa sawit (LCPKS) dan janjang kosong kelapa sawit (JJK). Penggunaan LCPKS sebagai pupuk organik berpotensi mengurangi emisi GRK sebesar 0.015 TCO2e/TTBS atau setara dengan 17.03%, sementara penggunaan JJK berpotensi mengurangi emisi GRK sebesar 0.029 TCO2e/TTBS atau setara dengan 33.98%. Optimalisasi penggunaan LCPKS dan JJK sebagai pupuk organik memberikan dampak yang signifikan untuk mengurangi emisi GRK dalam kegiatan perkebunan kelapa sawit.
Pemanfaatan Penginderaan Jauh Dalam Penilaian Keberhasilan Reklamasi di Lahan Pasca Tambang PT. Vale Indonesia
Authors: Nursaputra Munajat , Larekeng Siti Halimah , Nasri Nasri , Hamzah Andi Siady , Mustari Andi Subhan , Arif Abdur Rahman , Ambodo Aris Prio , Lawang Yohan , Ardiansyah Andri
Published: May 2021

Kegiatan penambangan dengan sistem terbuka memicu terjadinya degradasi lahan yang mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas lahan. Penurunan kualitas lahan ini berhubungan dengan tingkat kesuburan dan sifat kimia tanah, sehingga pada umumnya lahan bekas tambang mengandung unsur hara yang rendah. Permasalahan tersebut di beberapa perusahaan tambang yang menerapkan keberlanjutan lingkungan diatasi melalui kegiatan reklamasi. Kegiatan reklamasi ini perlu dinilai untuk mengukur keberhasilan tambang dalam mengatasi permasalahan degradasi lahan. Pada penelitian ini kami mendemonstrasikan penilaian keberhasilan reklamasi tambang pada kawasan tambang nikel terbesar di Sulawesi Selatan, menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh dengan memanfaatkan Citra Sentinel 2. Dari formulasi band NIR dan Red pada Citra Sentinel 2 dapat menghasilkan indeks Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Dari nilai indeks vegetasi tersebut diketahui bahwa pada terdapat area reklamasi yang diamati telah mendekati nilai indeks vegetasi tinggi (0,7 – 0,9). Nilai ini sebenarnya telah mendekati nilai indeks vegetasi pada hutan alam yang berada disekitarnya, namun dengan persentase yang belum terlalu besar. Distribusinya luasan hasil penilaian pertumbuhan tanaman reklamasi pada wilayah kajian adalah kondisi tidak bervegetasi sebesar 3,14%, vegetasi rendah sebesar 12,15%, vegetasi agak rendah sebesar 21,53%, vegetasi sedang sebesar 14,82%, vegetasi cukup tinggi sebesar 25,94% dan vegetasi tinggi sebesar 22,42% dari total kawasan reklamasi.
The relationship between air pollutants and COVID-19 cases and its implications for air quality in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rendana Muhammad , Komariah Leily Nurul
Published: May 2021

World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that COVID-19 as a global pandemic and public health emergency. Previous studies have revealed that COVID-19 was an infectious disease and it could remain viable in ambient air for hours. Therefore, this study aims to examine the correlation between air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, NO2 and O3) and COVID-19 spread in Jakarta, Indonesia. Furthermore, this study also evaluates the impact of large-scale social restriction (LSSR) on air pollution index (API). Result of study found that air pollution index of PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2 and NO2 decreased by 9.48%, 15.74%, 29.17%, 6.26% and 18.34% during LSSR period. While, for O3 showed an increase by 4.06%. Another result also found significantly positive correlations of SO2, CO and PM2.5 with COVID-19 cases. An exposure to SO2, CO and PM2.5 has driven the area become vulnerable for COVID-19 infection. Our findings indicated that the relationship between air pollutants and COVID-19 spread could provide a new notion for precaution and control method of COVID-19 outbreak.
Study of Composition and Composition of Macro Algae Habitat in the Intertidal Zone Water of Sibu Island, Nort Oba District Tidore Islands City Nort Maluku
Authors: Djalil Sukmawati , Subur Riyadi , Rina Rina , Sunarti Sunarti , Abubakar Yuyun , Fadel Aryati A. , Susanto Adi Noman , Sarni Sarni
Published: May 2021

Macro algae is a part of marine plants whose whole body is called the "thallus". Macro algae are widespread in tropical and sub-tropical waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of the macro algae species, the width of the micro-habitat niches, and the overlapping of the micro-habitat niches in the intertidal zone of the waters of Sibu Island, Oba Utara District, Tidore Islands City. The data was collected using survey method using belt transects and squares measuring 1x1 m2 which are placed systematically in zigzags along the tansek belt. In this study, 20 species of macro algae were found in the waters of the island of Sibu, consisting of Halimeda macroloba, Halimeada opuntia forma chordata, Halimeda incrassata, Halimeda opuntia forma renschii, Chaetamorpha sp, Eucheuma cottonii, Sargassum duplicatum, S.polycestum, Turbina ornata, T. conoides, Padina boergesenii, Dictyota dichotoma, Amphiroa fragilissima, Acanthopora spicifera, Eucheuma denticulatum, E. spinosum, Glacilaria salicornia, Hypnea nidulans, Galaxaura apiculata. The results of the analysis of the width of the recesses showed that the macro algae species with the largest recess width were Eucheuma denticulatum with a value of 0.905, while Galaxura apiculata had the narrowest recess widths with a value of 0.200. Furthermore, based on the results of overlapping analysis of microhabitat niches, it shows that the overlap of microbaitate niches is quite large by Sargassum polycestum against Galaxaura apiculata with a value of 0.337, while the lowest was carried out by Halimeda macroloba against Galaxaura apiculata, Halimeda opuntia forma chordata against Galaxaura apiculata with a value of 0.337, while the lowest was carried out by Halimeda macroloba against Galaxaura apiculata, Halimeda opuntia forma chordata against Galaxaura apiculata, Eucheuma spinosum against Galaxaura apiculata with a value of 0.000.
Effect of climatic interference on the phenological stages of the Cherry tree Prunus cerasus in Tlemcen region. Algeria.
Authors:   Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Natural Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, and Earth and Universe Science, University of Tlemcen, B.P13000. Algeria., HAMED Soulef , GHEZLAOUI-BENDI-DJELLOUL Baha-Eddine ,   Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, and Earth and Universe Science, University of Tlemcen, B.P13000 Algeria.
Published: May 2021

The monitoring of the phenology of the two varieties of the cherry tree, the Black Bigarreau and the Sunburst, revealed that the climate of the region plays a very important role in the progress of the harvests, where the Black Bigarreau showed an earliness of 9 days between the year of 2018 and 2019. The Sunburst variety showed an earliness of only 6 days compared to the same years. This is explained by a time lag of flowering due to the fact that the climate-related interference linked to the thermal amplitudes of 2018 is greater than the one of 2019. Our study on the phenological stages of the two varieties of cherry allowed us to determine the duration of full blooms, important for pollination. Also, the climatic factor represented by the temperature influences the breaking of dormancy. It also has an effect on the setting of fruit as well as the precocity of ripening.
Effect of Organic Amendments on Growth, Nutrient Uptake Pattern and Yield of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
Authors:   Department of Spices and Plantation Crops Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam – 625604, Tamil Nadu, India, R Chitra , L Vinothini ,   Department of Spices and Plantation Crops Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam – 625604, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2021

The high yield of ginger is function of adequate and timely supply of plant nutrients. Among the various agronomic technologies influencing the production of ginger, nutrition is found to exert a great influence on growth and yield of ginger. Imbalance, low or no fertilizer application is one of the most important factors in obtaining the poor yield. Hence, the trial was taken to study the effect of organic manures (FYM, neem cake, vermicompost, Azospirillum) and biostimulants (panchakavya, humic acid and PPFM) on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of ginger at Department of Spices and Plantation Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers and leaf area were found to be higher in the plants fed with 50% N (FYM) +25% N (Neem cake) + 25% N (Vermicompost) + Azospirillum (5kg/ha) + Panchakavya (3%). The maximum green rhizome yield (23.55 t ha-1) was obtained with the application of 50% N (FYM) +25% N (Neem cake) + 25% N (Vermicompost) + Azospirillum (5kg/ ha) + Panchakavya (3%) per hectare. The highest uptake of nitrogen (119.06 kg ha-1) and potassium (197.56 kg ha-1) was found in the application of 50% N (FYM) +25% N (Neem cake) + 25% N (vermicompost) + Azospirillum (5kg/ ha) + panchakavya (3%) per hectare The maximum amount of Phosphorus uptake (14.35 kg ha-1) was recorded in the application of 50% N (FYM) +25% N (neem cake) + 25% N (vermicompost) + Azospirillum (5kg/ha) + humic acid (0.1%). In ginger cultivation, the application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers commonly practiced to increase the yield and quality of rhizome. Considering the world demand for organic food, the improvement of soil health, productivity and the availability of local resources, cultivation under organic farming can be encouraged. Keywords: Bio-stimulants; Growth parameters; Ginger; Nutrient uptake; Organic manures; Yield
ASPECTS CONCERNING EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIPS OF ROMANIA AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Authors: Popa Florina
Published: May 2021

Abstract After the ending of the Second World War, Romania's cooperation relations with other countries were subordinated to the political and economic situations developed among the world states and to the events that followed the completion of the war, the form and content of these relations being different, corresponding to the context.The study presents aspects related to the partnership relations developed through the economic cooperation relations achieved by Romania within the Commission for Reciprocal Economic Aid – COMECON (CAER), on the period of  its operation (1949-1989).There are presented participants' cooperation modalities, the partnership being of                    public-public or public-private type.The examples shown include elements regarding the participating parties, the objectives to be achieved, the period, participation share, as the case may be.Also, some references are made to the enlargement of Romania's economic cooperation relations, internationally, after the 1970 year, expression of the favorable evolution of the geographical space of manifestation of the Romanian foreign trade.
GENDER IMPACT, TYPICAL PROFILES OF ACCESS TO CREDIT AND SAVINGS MARKETS: A CASE OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN COTE D'IVOIRE
Authors: Melaine OUOYA Zrakpa
Published: May 2021

Unlike the other two components of the financial trinity savings and insurance, the demand for credit has been the subject of much work. Using data from the household standards of living survey in Côte d'Ivoire (ENV2015), we use two logit models to identify the determinants of demand for credit and savings in rural Ivorian. Our work shows that the social, economic and demographic characteristics of the household and its head are significant determinants of demand for those services. The study revealed that each of these two services is a significant determinant of the other. Following this first analysis, we have identified the typical profiles of households with the highest and lowest probabilities of access to savings and credit. Finally, the gender approach of this study has shown that unlike the number of men who has no influence on the demand for savings among households without access to credit, the number of women considerably increases the level of access to credit for households with or without access to savings. And that households led by a woman have a better access to credit.
MARKET REACTION ON THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF SRI KEHATI INDEX IN INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Wijaya Anggita Langgeng , Noviyanti Mia , Mahayu Probo
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to test the market reaction to the announcement of the Sri Kehati Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study is all companies included in the Sri Kehati Index from 2013 to 2016. The selection of samples was taken by the population sampling method. Hypothesis testing is done by paired t test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The findings of this research are: 1) there is no difference in abnormal returns before and after the announcement of the Sri Kehati Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. 2) There is a difference in the activity of stock trading volume before and after the announcement of the Sri Kehati index in the 5th and 6th periods, but there is no difference in the activity of stock trading volume in other periods. The Indonesia Stock Exchange did not react consistently to the announcement of the Sri Kehati Index.
SOME ASPECTS REGARDING THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Popa Florina
Published: May 2021

Foreign Direct Investment are among the mobilizing factors of the economic development of a country, alongside the domestic investments, being a basic support in the achievement of the development and modernization strategies. The study presents, briefly, the effects of intervening Foreign Direct Investment flows on the economy of a country, able, by the advanced experience brought, to generate a better capitalization of resources, a contribution to growth. The directions of manifesting the mechanisms of influence of Foreign Direct Investment, as well as the role that they hold for their impact, the economic environment of the host country and the policies practiced in relation to Foreign Direct Investment are taken into account. The purpose of the paper was to point out some aspects regarding the favourable impact that foreign investments could have on an economy, by the contribution to new technologies and the contribution to the productivity increase. The conclusions point to the potential of the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on development and the need for the host countries, to support some properly oriented policies, by maintaining a correlation between the volume of foreign investment flows and the development potential of a country. The research method used to carry out the study was the documentation from the foreign and domestic specialized literature, the synthesis and processing of the relevant ideas, by capturing the impact of Foreign Direct Investment in economic development.