bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio-Inspired Energy Efficient Cluster-based Routing Protocol for IoT in Disaster Scenarios
Authors: Ahmed Shakil , Hossain Md Akbar , Chong Peter Han Joo , Ray Sayan Kumar
Published: July 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology for sensing and monitoring the environment to reduce disaster impact. Energy is one of the major concerns for IoT devices, as sensors used in IoT devices are battery-operated. Thus, it is important to reduce energy consumption, especially during data transmission in disaster-adverse situations. Clustering-based communication helps reduce a node’s energy decay during data transmission and enhances the network’s lifetime. Many hybrid combination algorithms are proposed for clustering and the routing protocol to improve the network lifetime in disaster scenarios. However, the performance of these protocols is widely varied based on the underlying network configuration and the optimisation parameters considered. In this research, we have used the clustering parameters that are most relevant to disaster scenarios, such as the node’s residual energy, distance to sink, and network coverage. Then, we proposed a bio-inspired hybrid (BAO-PSO) algorithm where the Butterfly Optimisation Algorithm (BOA) is used for clustering and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) is used for the routing protocol. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the benchmark protocols LEACH, DEEC, PSO, PSO-GA, and PSO-HAS. Residual energy, network throughput, and network lifetime are considered performance matrices. The simulation result showed that the proposed algorithm increases network lifetime by 10%-20% by comparison with the benchmark algorithm.
Low-energy Cosmic Rays and Associated MeV Gamma-ray Emissions in the Protoplanetary System
Authors: Sun Xulei , Zheng Shuying , Shi Zhaodong , Liu Bing , Yang Ruizhi
Published: July 2024

Low-energy cosmic rays (LECRs) play a crucial role in the formation of planetary systems, and detecting and reconstructing the properties of early LECRs is essential for understanding the mechanisms of planetary system formation. Given that LECRs interact with the surrounding medium to produce nuclear de-excitation line emissions with energy mainly within 0.1–10 MeV, which are unaffected by stellar wind modulation, these gamma-ray emissions can accurately reflect the properties of LECRs. This study introduces an innovative method for using gamma-ray emissions to infer LECR properties. We employed the Parker transport equation to simulate the propagation and spectral evolution of LECRs in a protoplanetary disk and calculated the characteristic gamma-ray emissions resulting from interactions between LECRs and disk material. These gamma-ray emissions encapsulate the spectral information of LECRs, providing a powerful tool to reconstruct the cosmic ray environment at that time. This method, supported by further theoretical developments and observations, will fundamentally enhance our understanding of the impact of CRs on the origin and evolution of planetary systems and address significant scientific questions regarding the cosmic ray environment at the origin of life.
Experience Teaching Mathematics at the University of Defence in the Study Field of Cybersecurity
Authors: Potůček Radovan
Published: July 2024

The teaching of mathematics at the Faculty of Military Technology of the University of Defense in the first two years of the five-year Military master’s degree is divided into the teaching of students in four specializations: Military Technologies – Mechanical, Military Technologies – Electrical, Military Geography and Cartography, and Cybersecurity. The article discusses the previous five-year experience in teaching the subjects Mathematics I, Mathematics II, Mathematics III, and Graph theory for the specialization in Cybersecurity, that the author of the paper gained while teaching, as a guarantor of these four subjects. The article provides an overview of the topics that are covered, typical exam assignments, and an evaluation of the results of the semester exams in the five years since the accreditation of the Cybersecurity specialization was granted.
A diffusion model to describe water absorption by red rice during soaking: Variable mass diffusivity, variable volume, use of Boundary-Fitted Coordinates
Authors: Silva Wilton Pereira da , Lima Antonio Gilson Barbosa de , Pereira Joan Carlos Alves , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira , Queiroz Alexandre José de Melo , Figueirêdo Rossana Maria Feitosa de , Paiva Yaroslávia Ferreira , Santos Francislaine Suélia dos , Melo Bruno Adelino de , Moura Henrique Valentim , Silva Eugênia Teles de Vilela , Júnior Aluizio Freire da Silva , Souto Leidjane Matos de
Published: July 2024

This article aims to carry out experiments on water absorption by husked red rice, at constant temperatures of 28, 40 and 50 °C. The description of the absorption kinetics, as well as the analyses of water distribution and volumetric expansion of each grain, at a given instant, was done using a diffusion model. In order for the model to be as close as possible to the real physical situation, the mesh necessary to numerically solve the diffusion equation was generated from the photograph of a grain. Thus, the diffusion equation was written in Boundary-Fitted Coordinates (BFC). The solution of the diffusion equation written in generalized coordinates was then discretized in space and time, using the Finite Volume method, with a fully implicit formulation, considering variable volume and also variable mass diffusivity as a function of local moisture content. Optimizations based on Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm make it possible to determine the parameters of an exponential function relating mass diffusivity and the local moisture content for each temperature. Statistical indicators (chi-square, determination coefficient and Student’s t-test) allowed concluding that the model proposed was very satisfactory for all temperatures, making it possible to simulate water absorption, water distribution and volumetric expansion of the grain over time.
A Novel de Novo Missense Mutation in KIF1A Associated with Young-Onset Upper-Limb Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Bernard Emilien , Cluse Florent , Bohic Adrien , Hermier Marc , Raoul Cédric , Leblanc Pascal , Guissart Claire
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To investigate the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in an adult female patient. Methods: We conducted trio genome sequencing on a 35-year-old woman with progressive weakness in her left upper limb, as well as on her parents. Prior to sequencing, we performed a comprehensive neurological work-up on the patient, including neurological exam, electrophysiology, biomarker assessment, and brain and spinal cord MRI. Results : The propositus experienced weakness and atrophy in her left hand 6 months before the evaluation. This was associated with brisk reflexes and Hoffman sign in the same arm. Electroneuromyography revealed lower motor neuron involvement in three body regions. Neurofilament light chains were elevated in her cerebrospinal fluid. Brain imaging showed asymmetrical T2 hyperintensity of the corticospinal tracts and T2 linear hypointensity of the precentral gyri. Genome trio sequencing identified a likely pathogenic de novo variant in the propositus’s KIF1A gene (NM_001244008.2): c.574A>G, p.(Ile192Val). Discussion: Pathogenic variants in the KIF1A gene have been associated with a wide range of neurological manifestations called KIF1A-associated neurological diseases (KAND). The present report describe a likely pathogenic de novo variant in KIF1A associated with ALS, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of KAND and our understanding of the pathophysiology of ALS.
Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Strategies According to the Type of Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria and Candida Auris in Intensive Care (ICU): A Pragmatic Resume, Pathogens R0, and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Fanelli Chiara , Pistidda Laura , Terragni Pierpaolo , Pasero Daniela
Published: July 2024

Multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) outbreaks have been steadilyincreasing in Intensive care units (ICUs). Still, healthcare institutions and workers (HCW) reached no unanimity on how and when implementing infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies. We aimed to provide a pragmatic, physician practice-oriented, resume of strategies towards different MRDOs outbreaks in ICU. We performed a narrative review on IPC in ICUs, investigating patient-to-staff ratios, education, isolation, decolonization, screening and hygiene practices, outbreak reporting, cost-effectiveness, reproduction-number(R0), and future perspectives. The most effective IPC strategy remains unknown. Most studies focus on a specific pathogen or disease, making the clinician losing the big picture. IPC strategies proved their cost-effectiveness regardless typology, country, or pathogen. A standardized, universal, pragmatic protocol for HCW education should be elaborated. Likewise, a rapid outbreak recognition tool elaboration (i.e., an easy-to-use mathematical model) would improve early diagnosis and spreading prevention. Further studies are needed to express in favor or against MDROs decolonization. New promising strategies are emerging and need to be tested in the field. The lack of IPC strategies application has made, and still makes ICUs a major MDROs reservoir into the community. In a not-too-distant future genetic engineering and phage therapies could represent a plot-twist in MDROs IPC strategies.
The Impact of Sciatic Nerve Injury on Extracellular Matrix of Lower Limb Muscle and Thoracolumbar Fascia: An Observational Study
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxiao , Fede Caterina , Petrelli Lucia , Pirri Carmelo , Stocco Elena , Fan Chenglei , Porzionato Andrea , De Caro Raffaele , Masiero Stefano , Stecco Carla
Published: July 2024

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a complex clinical challenge affecting quality of life. Neurological recovery does not always ensure functional recovery as extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations affecting muscle function. This study evaluates hyaluronan (HA) and collagen concentration in gastrocnemius muscle and thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) in unilateral lower limb PNI rats to ex-plore systemic ECM alterations following PNI and their impacts on functional recovery. Eighteen 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into experimental (n=12 with left sciatic nerve transection injury repaired by nerve conduit) and control (n=6) groups. After six weeks, motor function was evaluated. Muscle and TLF samples were analyzed for HA and collagen concentrations using Purple-Jelley HA Assay and Total-Collagen Assay kit. HA and collagen distribution was assessed using Alcian Blue and immunohistochemistry, and Picrosirius Red staining. In PNI rats, SFI and gait analysis were -87±9.12 and 1.32±0.29. Both sides of muscles showed significantly lower HA concentration than that in healthy rats (left p
Computational Vision Algorithms on the Edge for Unpalleting System
Authors: Greco Danilo , Fasihiany Majid , Ranjbar Ali Varasteh , Masulli Francesco , Rovetta Stefano , Cabri Alberto
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of four different computational vision algorithms for implementing an unpalleting system in a factory environment, under typical edge computing constraints. The primary objective is to automate the process of detecting and locating specific variable-shaped objects on a pallet, enabling a robotic system to accurately unstack them. The four algorithms evaluated are Pattern Matching, Scale-Invariant Feature Transform, Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF, and Haar cascade classifiers. Each technique is described in detail in this paper, and their implementations are outlined. Experimental results are thoroughly analyzed, assessing the algorithms’ performance based on accuracy, robustness to variability, computational speed, detection sensitivity, and resource consumption. The findings reveal the strengths and limitations of each algorithm, providing valuable insights for selecting the most appropriate technique based on the specific requirements of the unpalleting system. This research contributes to the advancement of automated object detection and localization in industrial environments, paving the way for more efficient and reliable unpalleting systems.
Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of an All-Stage Stem Rust Resistance Gene in Durum Wheat Landrace PI 94701
Authors: Li Hongyu , Li Kairong , Li Hongna , Yang Chen , Perera Geetha , Wang Guiping , Lyu Shikai , Hua Lei , Rehman Shams ur , Zhang Yazhou , Ayliffe Michael , Yu Haitao , Chen Shisheng
Published: July 2024

Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), the causal agent of wheat stem rust, poses a significant threat to global wheat production. Genetic resistance offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution. The durum wheat landrace PI 94701 was previously hypothesized to carry two stem rust resistance (Sr) genes, but their chromosomal locations were unknown. In this study, we mapped and characterized an all-stage Sr gene in PI 94701, temporarily designated as SrPI94701. In seedling tests, SrPI94701 was effective against all six Pgt races tested. Using a large segregating population (2,302 gametes), we mapped SrPI94701 within a 0.17-cM region flanked by markers pku69124 and pku69228, corresponding to 1.04- and 2.15-Mb genomic regions in the Svevo and Chinese Spring reference genomes. Within the candidate region, eight genes exhibited differential expression between the Pgt-inoculated resistant and susceptible plants. Among them, two NLR genes, TraesCS5B03G1334700 and TraesCS5B03G1335100, showed high polymorphism between parental lines, with upregulation observed in the resistant F4 line compared to its susceptible sister line. However, the flanking and completely linked markers developed in this study could not accurately predict the presence of SrPI94701 in uncharacterized wheat genotypes. SrPI94701 holds promise as a valuable component in breeding programs aimed at enhancing resistance against Pgt.
Surgical and Regenerative Treatment Options for Empty Nose Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Basurrah Mohammed Abdullah , Kim Soo Whan , Kim Sung Won
Published: July 2024

Objectives. Patients with empty nose syndrome typically experience paradoxical nasal congestion, nasal dryness, epistaxis, and suffocation. Conservative management is generally preferred for empty nose syndrome. However, some patients continue to experience persistent symptoms. When symptoms do not resolve, surgical options are considered. Therefore, we reviewed the surgical and regenerative treatment options for empty nose syndrome.Methods. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were searched from the earliest date provided in the database until December 2022. This review included studies that assessed treatment outcomes using patient symptom scores, including the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20, -22, and -25) and the Empty Nose Syndrome 6-Item Questionnaire, supplemented by various clinical examinations.Results. Twenty-eight studies were analyzed. Various materials were utilized, including submucosal injectable materials, allografts/xenografts/cadaveric implants, autologous implants, and synthetic implants. The polyethylene implant was the most commonly used (23.3%), followed by autologous, homologous, or cadaveric costal cartilage (20%). The anterior-inferior lateral nasal wall was the most frequent site of administration. Most studies indicated that surgical intervention led to significant improvements in clinical outcomes, as evidenced by endoscopic exams, acoustic rhinometry, and computed tomography scans, along with patient-reported enhancements in nasal symptoms, psychological well-being, and overall health-related quality of life. However, several studies found no improvement in certain psychological-related questionnaires or saccharin transit times. The average follow-up duration was 12.0 months (range, 2.0–27.6 months). Only two studies reported postoperative adverse effects.Conclusion. Several surgical options and recent tissue regeneration techniques have demonstrated efficacy in treating empty nose syndrome. However, more detailed investigations involving a larger number of participants and a randomized control study are necessary to establish a standardized treatment protocol for patients with empty nose syndrome.
Characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O1 CTX+ Strain Isolated from the Temernik River in Rostov-on-Don in 2023
Authors: Monakhova E. V. , Kruglikov V. D. , Vodop’yanov A. S. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Katyshev S. D. , Sharapova N. A. , Alekseeva L. P. , Men’shikova E. A. , Evdokimova V. V. , Ezhova M. I. , Noskov A. K.
Published: July 2024

The aim of the work was to determine the pheno- and genotypic features of the aquatic CTX+ strain of Vibrio cholerae isolated in 2023 and a comparative bioinformatic analysis of whole-genome sequencing data.

Materials and methods. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on MiSeq (Illumina) and MinIon Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platforms; hybrid assembly of the whole genome was carried out using the Trycycler algorithm; assembly errors were eliminated by means of the Medaka algorithm and the Pilon program. Dendrogram construction and bioinformatics analysis were carried out with the help of the scipy and Graphviz packages, BioEdit, BLASTN, BLASTP, CARD, ICE Genotyper, and Vector NTI programs. The ability to produce cholera toxin was tested using the GM1ELISA.

Results and discussion. The isolated strain was identified as V. cholerae O1 Ogawa, sensitive to most antibiotics. Based on the totality of genetic properties, it was classified as the first genovariant, distinct from the typical El Tor strains only by the presence of ctxB1 gene of classical type instead of ctxB3 of the El Tor type. It has been established that it contains a tandemly duplicated CTX prophage on the small chromosome and a tandem of two copies of RS1 prophage on the large chromosome. Thereat, the rstR gene of the CTX prophage belonged to the classical type, and the RS1 prophage – to the El Tor type. The remaining criteria of epidemic hazard – tcpAelt, rtxA1 and intact VSP-II did not differ from the prototypes. The genome of the strain carries the ICE element VchBan11, which contains the trimethoprim resistance gene dfrA1, and phenotypically the strain is resistant to this antibiotic. Under in vitro conditions, the strain did not produce cholera toxin, as shown by ELISA results. This may be due to the presence of a deletion within the toxR regulatory gene. Strains similar to the 2023 isolate are mainly attributed to the second wave of the seventh pandemic. Currently, they are almost replaced by new genovariants, but occasionally can emerge and even cause diseases. Therefore, their importation into Russian territory potentially pose a threat to public health.
Organization of Joint Laboratory Studies during Sanitary and Epidemiological Interventions in the Republic of the Congo by Rospotrebnadzor Specialists
Authors: Portenko S. A. , Naidenova E. V. , Agafonov D. A. , Kuznetsova D. A. , Evteev A. V. , Tushinsky A. A. , Dmitrieva L. N. , Katyshev A. D. , Kuklev V. E. , Obissa N. , Mabiala V. , Loubano J. , Mpompolo M. , Mobousse Misse J.-C. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: July 2024

The study presents the data on organization of laboratory testing of clinical and environmental samples within the framework of establishing the etiology of the acute intestinal infections outbreak, performed by the specialists of the joint SAET of the Rospotrebnadzor in Dolisie (Republic of the Congo) in the period of 07–24 July, 2023.

Materials and methods. In order to identify the causative agents of cholera and other acute intestinal infections of bacterial and viral nature, 177 clinical and environmental samples were tested, as well as cultures on solid nutrient media and bacterial suspensions. A total of 1023 tests were carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 305 – using bacteriological method.

Results and discussion. The causative agent of cholera has not been detected in any of the samples tested. Using the PCR method, markers of acute intestinal diseases agents (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Rotavirus A) have been identified in 23 clinical samples and 1 sample of bacterial suspension. No DNA/RNA of pathogens has been detected in environmental samples. During culture studies, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi have been isolated from 8 clinical samples, and their antibiotic sensitivity has been determined. Applying whole-genome nanopore sequencing, using the MinIon platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, UK), nucleotide sequences of 4 S. Typhi isolates have been investigated and deposited in the international database NCBI GenBank (No. CP141260, CP141193, CP141194, CP141195). Additionally, the analysis of initially sterile samples (blood, peritoneal fluid, intraoperational samples) from the patients of General and Reference hospitals of Dolisie has resulted in the identification of 5 cultures of non-fermenting bacteria, and their antibiotic sensitivity has been determined.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Cholera Bacteriophages for Prevention of Experimental Cholera
Authors: Tyurina A. V. , Gaevskaya N. E. , Ivanova I. A. , Filippenko A. V. , Omel’chenko N. D. , Trufanova A. A. , Pogozhova M. P. , Anoprienko A. O. , Sizova Yu. V. , Pasyukova N. I.
Published: July 2024

The possibility of cholera importation into our country and the increase in the number of Vibrio cholerae strains that are resistant to antibacterial agents necessitate the development of alternative therapeutic and prophylactic biological products based on bacteriophages.

The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of application of cholera bacteriophages for the prevention of experimental cholera.

Materials and methods. The work involved cholera bacteriophages Rostov-M3, Rostov-13, active against cholera vibrios of the O1 serogroup; and FB1, which has lytic activity against the O139 serogroup. The effectiveness of cholera prevention was assessed using a model of an isolated loop of the small intestine in an adult rabbit.

Results and discussion. The use of Rostov-M3 and Rostov-13 for five and especially seven days before infection with virulent strains of V. cholerae O1 serogroup prevents the development of infection in the small intestine of experimental animals. Bacteriophage FB1 did not have that ability against V. cholerae O139. These studies indicate the effectiveness of using phages Rostov-M3 and Rostov-13 for the prevention of experimental cholera caused by V. cholerae O1 serogroup.
Analysis of the Situation on Brucellosis around the World and in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ponomarenko D. G. , Matvienko A. D. , Khachaturova A. A. , Zharinova I. V. , Skudareva O. N. , Trankvilevsky D. V. , Logvinenko O. V. , Rakitina E. L. , Kostyuchenko M. V. , Kondrat’eva Yu. V. , Maletskaya O. V. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: July 2024

Data on the incidence of brucellosis and main trends in the development of situation on this infection in countries around the world under current conditions are provided in the review. A detailed analysis of epizootiological and epidemiological situation regarding brucellosis in the Russian Federation over the last decade and a forecast for human brucellosis incidence for 2024 are given. It is established that global situation on brucellosis in different regions of the world has undergone changes over the past 15–20 years. One can observe an almost twofold increase in the number of countries affected by brucellosis in the world. A relatively high brucellosis morbidity rates were recorded in some countries in Africa, Central Asia, South and South-East Asia, Central and South America. In countries of the European Union, there is a trend towards an increase in the number of human brucellosis cases associated with travel to enzootic countries. In the Russian Federation, an unstable epidemiological situation has been observed over the past 10 years. 3537 cases were identified. In 2022–2023, an emerging trend towards an increase in incidence of brucellosis among population by 30–50 % as compared to long-term average values was recorded, linked to occurrence of cattle epizooties, including at large livestock enterprises; formation of group epidemic foci in previously relatively brucellosis-free territories of the Central, Volga and Southern Federal Districts; and the deterioration of epizootic situation on brucellosis in the Republic of Dagestan and a number of constituent entities of Siberian Federal District. Situation on brucellosis in the Smolensk and Bryansk Regions requires closer attention. There are signs of rooting (enzooty) and further spread of brucellosis among cattle there in 2023. In 2024, incidence rate can be predicted to be 35–40 % higher than the long-term average values. The number of human brucellosis cases may be approximately 480–530 (0.32–0.36 per 100 000 population).
Response To Growth And Results Of Romaine Lettuce (Lactuca sativa Var. Longifolia) Plants On Some Dosage Of Kasgot Pupuk With Different Planting Spaces
Authors: Nurmalasari Intan Rohma , Rizal Asrofi
Published: July 2024

Romaine lettuce production has decreased on a national scale. One effort that can be made to increase the production and yield of romaine lettuce is to cultivate it with proper fertilization and reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. This research aims to determine the interaction of cassava fertilizer doses and differences in planting distance for the growth and yield of romaine lettuce plants. The method used is a factorial randomized block design (RAK) with treatments of 5 tons/ha, 10 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha, and 20 tons/ha. as well as differences in planting distances of 15x20cm, 20x25cm and 25x25cm. The results of the treatment of cassava fertilizer dosage and plant spacing had a significant effect on the research variables of leaf number, but had no effect on plant height, root volume, wet weight and dry weight.
Evaluation of Traversing Nerve Root Injuries During Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Observation of Traversing Root via an Accessory Portal
Authors: Lee Alvin Kai Xing , Chen Chien-Min , Chen Se-Yi , Lin Chia-Yu , Hsiao Pang-Hsuan , Chen Hsien-Te , Tseng Chun
Published: July 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe possible risks for traversing root injuries during endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (endo-TLIF) via an accessory portal.Methods: Twenty patients were recruited for this study according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. An accessory portal was made 3 cm caudal to the working portal, and a 30°/4.3-mm endoscope was utilized to observe possible risks for traversing root injuries throughout the entire process of disc preparation and cage implantation.Results: The traversing root was observed via the accessory portal throughout the process of disc preparation and cage implantation in 20 patients. Endo-TLIF was shown to be a suitable method for decompression and cage implantation as it provided a sufficient working space and window. No cases of traversing root injuries were observed in our study.Conclusion: Endo-TLIF was found to be a suitable method for disc preparation and cage implantation. Our observations showed that endo-TLIF is a safe method for decompression, disc preparation, and cage implantation.
Sustainable regulation of calcium magnesium phosphate and rapeseed cake on soil-tea system in Mount Lushan, China
Authors: Han Chao , Ding Yuan , Lai YuQi , Tang ZiJin , Liu Min
Published: July 2024

Lushan Yunwu tea quality is limited by soil acidity and sterility. This article examined a three-year localization experiment at 1100 m altitude to demonstrate the sustainable management of conditioners, calcium magnesium phosphate (P), rapeseed cake (C), and combination application (P + C) by one-time application on the soil-tea system in Mount Lushan. The study found that conditioners (P, C, P + C) reduced soil acidification and maintained a pH of 4.75–5.34, ideal for tea tree development for three years. Phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC), nitrogen activation coefficient (NAC), and organic matter (OM) content were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the first year after conditioner treatment, with P + C being the best. After P + C, PAC, NAC, and OM rose by 31.25%, 47.70%, and 10.06 g·kg-1 compared to CK. In comparison to the CK, tea's hundred-bud weight (BW), free amino acids (AA), tea polyphenols (TPC), and chlorophyll (Chl) content of P + C treatment got 29.98%, 14.41%, 22.49%, and 28.85% increase compared to that of the CK, respectively. In the second year, the three treatments of P, C and P + C still had significant moderating effects on the physicochemical properties of the soil and the quality indexes of the tea leaves. The PAC of the soil under the three treatments increased by 0.06%, 0.07% and 0.18%, respectively, as compared to the control.P + C increased BW, AA, TPC and Chl of tea for two years. Three conditioners had two-year regulatory impacts on soil fertility indicators, tea output, and quality. C and P + C both increased soil OM by 18.59% and 21.78% compared to CK in the third year, outperforming P treatment. Redundancy analysis revealed that the primary physicochemical factors influencing tea output and quality were soil OM and pH, with available phosphorus, urease, acid phosphatase, and available nitrogen following closely afterwards.
Method of lithology identification in carbonates reservoirs using well logs based on deep forest
Authors: Kaijun Tong , Sun Futing , Dong Shaoqun , Ji Chunqiu , Zeng Lianbo , Wang Leting , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Fuyu
Published: July 2024

Lithology identification of complex carbonate reservoirs is very important for fine characterization and quantitative evaluation of reservoirs. In order to solve the problem of complex carbonate reservoir lithologic logging response with strong multi solutions, this paper introduces the deep forest algorithm to deeply mine lithologic information from the conventional logging calibrated by core descriptions, so as to improve the lithology identification accuracy of complex carbonate reservoir. Deep forest is a combination of random forest algorithm and neural network. It avoids the shortage of long training time of deep neural network through the cascade structure of feedforward and can automatically adjust the model structure. Taking the complex carbonate reservoir of Paleogene Oligocene-Neogene Miocene AS formation in B oilfield of Zagros basin in the Middle East as an example, the deep forest is used to identify and analyze 8 kinds of lithology. On the basis of sensitivity analysis of lithologic logging curves, 9 curves such as gamma ray, compensative density and photoelectric absorption cross-section index are selected to build a lithology identification model based on deep forest. The results of the posterior well analysis show that the deep forest algorithm is better than the traditional random forest algorithm for thin layer lithology and transition lithology identification, and the lithology identification accuracy is 94.4%. The influence of the number of training samples and the setting of model parameters on the lithology identification results shows that the deep forest method can improve nearly up to 2% compared with the random forest method under different training samples, and its default parameters can achieve a lithology identification accuracy of more than 91%.
Courtship Behavior of Adult Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Observed Using Trackit 3D Trajectory Tracking
Authors: Liu Jie , Mariam Tallat , Wangi Gensong , Li Zhi , Li Guoping , Feng Hongqiang
Published: July 2024

Spodoptera frugiperda, also known as the fall armyworm, is classified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as a major agricultural pest. By gaining a more nuanced understanding of the fall armyworm's courtship behavior, simpler and more environmentally friendly methods of controlling this pest can be developed. This study used the Trackit 3D system to meticulously record and describe the activity characteristics and patterns of adult males and females during courtship. Results showed that adult fall armyworms engaged in a variety of activities during courtship that were either singular (flying, flapping, moving, crawling), continuous (flapping + flying, flapping + crawling, flying + crawling), or interspersed (flapping + touching + flapping, flying + touching + flying). Flying and flapping were the most common activities, with observed flight patterns consisting of parabolic, circular, and zigzag trajectories. adult fall armyworms use wing vibration as a means to attract or repel potential mates. In addition, both male and female adults actively search for host plants during courtship, providing a theoretical basis for the future use of plant volatiles to attract and control adult populations. In addition to adult males, adult female fall armyworms were also observed to be highly active during courtship, suggesting that they play a proactive role in mate seeking, providing an opportunity to attract adult females with male pheromone attractants. Peak activity times for adult fall armyworms are mainly concentrated at 11:00 p.m., 3:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m., providing fundamental data for precise attraction and control of adult fall armyworms at later stages.
TRIM28 regulates the coagulation cascade inhibited by p72 of African swine fever virus
Authors: Zhu Xuejiao , Li Fang , Fan Baochao , Zhao Yongxiang , Zhou Junming , Wang Dandan , Liu Renqiang , Zhao Dongming , Fan Huiying , Li Bin
Published: July 2024

In 2018, African swine fever virus (ASFV) emerged in China, causing extremely serious economic losses to the domestic pig industry. Infection with ASFV can cause disseminated coagulation, leading to the consumption of platelets and coagulation factors and severe bleeding. However, the mechanism of virus-induced coagulation has yet to be established. In our study, ASFV downregulated the coagulation process, as detected by D-dimer (D2D) and Factor X (F10) expression in pigs challenged with ASFV HLJ/18. In vitro, ASFV infection increased Factor IX (F9) and Factor XII (F12) expression while downregulating F10 expression in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). African swine fever virus induced both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascades. In addition, several encoded proteins have been proven to affect the expression of the crucial coagulation protein F10, and among the encoded proteins, p72 inhibits the activity and expression of F10. Proteomicanalysis also revealedthat p72 isinvolved in the coagulation cascade. p72 can interact with F10, and its inhibitory functional domains include amino acids 423-432 and amino acids 443−452. Finally, we found that F10 and p72 interact with tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28). TRIM28 knockdown resulted in a decrease in F10 expression. Importantly, TRIM28 contributes to the reduction in F10 protein expression regulated by p72. Our findings revealed an inhibitory effect of the viral protein p72 on the ASFV infection-induced coagulation cascade and a role of TRIM28 in reducing F10 expression, revealing a molecular mechanism of ASFV-associated coagulation.
Delay in hospital arrival and determinate factors among acute stroke Patients at Yekatit-12 Hospital Medical Collage, Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study
Authors: Mamo Biniyam Tedla , Tefera Dawit Bekele , Altaye Makeda Girma , Geram Ferehiwot Gebrehiwot , Dano Anteneh Mitiku , Sana Yeteshaw Bekele , Gebre Feven Sahle , Bonger Zelalem Tazu
Published: July 2024

Background: Stroke is a rapidly developing clinical sign of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin. prehospital delay in stroke is the time between the onset of symptoms to admission to the Hospital.
Objective: To determine factors associated with delayed arrival of an adult at the hospital following an acute stroke
Method:An unmatched case–control study was conducted from September 2021 to November 2023 at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study variables. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of delayed presentation of stroke to the hospital.
Result: Out of 83 cases (presenting after four hours) and 166 controls (presenting within four or fewer hours) of an acute stroke patient who was admitted to the emergency department; The duration of symptoms from the onset of stroke to presentation to the hospital, the median time for cases was 24 hours (IQR, 12 hr) and in control the median time was 2 hours. The study found Age 60 or less (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1–3.09, p<0.05), living outside of Addis Ababa (AOR 3.55, 95% CI 1.33-9.46, p<0.011), onset of stroke occurring at night (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1–3.1, p<0.05) and not having health insurance (AOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23- 0.8,p< 0.007) were identified as predicting factors of late presentation in acute stroke patients.
Conclusion: This study highlights key factors affecting delayed presentation of acute stroke patients. Specifically, age, place of residence, health insurance, and stroke onset time significantly influence the timeliness of seeking medical care. Improving the modifiable factors through public education can enhance early thrombolytic action, improve the overall prognosis of stroke patients, and avoid delays in the early hospital admission of these patients.
Sparrow Search Algorithm Optimized LSTM Model for CSI-Based Indoor Localization
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhou Yuqing
Published: July 2024

In indoor positioning, Channel State Information (CSI) holds significant importance. CSI provides detailed channel characteristics, including amplitude and phase information, enabling the positioning system to estimate device locations more accurately. Compared to traditional RSSI methods, CSI offers higher positioning accuracy and better interference resistance. Additionally, it supports various advanced positioning algorithms, making it suitable for complex indoor environments and enabling real-time precise positioning. In this study, a localization method based on CSI phase and amplitude data is proposed with the aim of improving the accuracy and robustness of indoor localization. In the offline training phase, for each reference point, we construct a new dataset using pre-processed amplitude and phase data, which are transformed into image data for pre-training to extract features. Subsequently, a CNN-LSTM neural network with an integrated attention mechanism is trained to capture complex spatio-temporal relationships in the data. However, manual tuning of neural network hyperparameters has its limitations. Therefore, this paper introduces the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA)bio-inspired algorithm to optimize the combination of hyperparameters, aiming to obtain a more optimal model performance. During the online orientation phase, CSI data collected from the target device is processed using the same steps as in the offline phase to convert it into images. The trained model is then used to perform regression predictions on test points, enabling localization of the target position. To assess the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we ran tests in both open and complicated laboratory settings. Comparisons were made with several existing indoor localization solutions (such as PCNB, MIMO, LSTM, and FIFS), demonstrating that our approach exhibits significant advantages regarding localization accuracy and robustness.
Targeted Gene-Hormone Therapy of Colorectal Cancer with Guanylin Expressing Nano-system: In Silico and In Vitro Study
Authors: Samadi Pouria , Rahbarizadeh Fatemeh , Nouri Fatemeh , Soleimani Meysam , Najafi Rezvan , Jalali Akram
Published: July 2024

Background: Addressing colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant challenge, demanding the precise delivery of therapeutic agents to eliminate cancer cells while minimizing the impact on healthy cells. The strategic selection of therapeutic targets, the utilization of nanocarriers with optimal efficacy and low toxicity, and the development of gene constructs with targeted expression in cancer cells are crucial aspects of this pursuit.
Materials and Methods: This study employed a systems biology approach to comprehensively investigate the guanylin hormone-encoding gene (GUCA2A). Exploration encompassed expression patterns across tissues and single cells, clinical endpoints, methylation profiles, mutations, and immune and functional analyses. Subsequently, GUCA2Awas identified as a potential target for gain of function studies, leading to its amplification and cloning into gene constructs featuring both a robust CMV promoter and a cancer-specific MUC1 promoter. The succinylated PEI-9, characterized by low toxicity and high gene transfer efficiency, was then fabricated and characterized on HCT-116 cancer cells and normal Vero cell lines.
Results: systems biology studies revealed guanylin’saberrant expression patterns, methylation variations, and mutational changes as well as its remarkable association with immune engagement and poor survival outcomes in CRC. Moreover, SPEI-9 was introduced as a highly efficient and safe nanocarrier for gene delivery purposes. Additionally, in vitro studies revealed that both guanylin-expressing gene constructs exhibited the potential to inhibit cell growth and proliferation, inducing apoptosis, suppressing cell migration, and curtailing colony formation. Notably, these effects were more robust but non-specific in cancer cells treated with constructs containing the CMV general promoter, while, induction via the MUC1 promoter was more specific.
Conclusion: A genetic construct featuring the strong universal CMV and specific MUC1 promoter, expressing the guanylin peptide hormone, demonstrated highly effective and specific anticancer effects when transfected with nanocarriers characterized by high efficiency and low cytotoxicity. This nano-system holds promising implications for targeted CRC therapy.
Preparation of SnS 2 /MWCNTs/rGO chemically modified electrode and its electrochemical detection of H 2 O 2
Authors: Ye Zhidong , Tao Meixian , Song Xi , Duan Zhihong , Yao Chaoran , Shi Keyu , Jiang Qi
Published: July 2024

In view of the importance of rapid detection of H2O2, a carbon-based three-dimensional conductive network consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was introduced into the preparation of SnS2 to obtain SnS2/MWCNTs/rGO modified composite, which was prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. When the mass ratio of MWCNTs and rGO was 1:1, the composite had the best detection effect on H2O2. At this time, SnS2 was uniformly distributed on the surface of tubular MWCNTs and flaky rGO, and MWCNTs were interspersed between layers of rGO. The synergistic effect of the three materials showed a high current response ability for the detection of H2O2. During the range of 0.238 ~ 12.267 mmol·L− 1, the linear equation was Ipc(mA) = -0.029–0.019c(m mol·L− 1), with a sensitivity of 388.28 µA·mmol− 1·L·cm− 2 and a detection limit of 0.236 µmol·L− 1(S/N = 3). Moreover, the prepared modified electrode also had a good selectivity, reproducibility and stability.
An Innovative Process Suitable to Produce Back Contact for CdTe/CdS Thin- Film Solar Cells
Authors: Pal Jayanta , Patra Santanu Kumar
Published: July 2024

A novel process, different in all steps from the common process usually used for back contact to CdTe/CdS thin- film solar cells, is described here. This process on the one hand permits one to obtain high-efficient solar cells and on the other hand the stability of CdTe/CdS solar cells increases. The back contact is made with a thin intermediate layer of CuxO in between CdTe and contact material, which reduces the diffusion of Cu through the grain boundary of the CdTe to increase the stability of the cells. The charge polarization in CuxO may be a major cause in contact application of CdTe/metal structure.
Decomposition of Third-Order Symbolic Tensors for Outer Inverse Computation
Authors: Karmakar Biswarup , Panigrahy Krushnachandra
Published: July 2024

In symbolic computation, variables are stored as exact without numerical values to ensure precision throughout the calculations, which makes it an important area in computer algebra and scientific computing. A novel decomposition for third-order tensors within the t-product framework called tQDR decomposition is proposed to compute the outer inverse of symbolic tensors (tensors having polynomial entries and rational entries). In the process of introducing tQDR decomposition, a full rank factorization of tensors is also investigated. It is shown that many properties of full-rank decomposition of matrices (second-order tensors) do not hold in higher dimensions. Further, an algorithm inspired by the Leverrier-Faddeev algorithm is also introduced for efficiently computing the t-Moore–Penrose inverse of third-order symbolic tensors.
MSC Classification (2020): 15A09 , 15A69 , 68W30
Morphometric Traits as Efficient Indicators of Larval Stage-Specific Plasticity in Silver Pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacépède, 1801)
Authors: R Silpa , Landge Asha T. , S Surya , Ramteke Karankumar , Iburahim.S Abuthagir , Devadas Dayal
Published: July 2024

Morphological development, allometric growth, and behaviour of hatchery-reared silver pompano ,Trachinotus blochii were studied from hatching to metamorphosis (0 days post-hatch to 23 days post-hatch). In view of larval identification, to surpass critical periods in culture practices a total of 230 larval specimens of hatchery reared silver pompano were collected. A total of five post-embryonic stages were identified based on differences in morphology namely; Yolk sac (0–3 dph), Pre flexion (4–10 dph), Flexion (11 dph), Post flexion (12 dph), Juvenile (13–23 dph). The length has progressively increased in each larval stage, ultimately reaching 24 mm by the end of metamorphosis. This study showed that the development of the eye, head, and body depth had slower growth than the fish growth in length. All the morphometric traits efficiently differentiated each larval stage due to differences in stage-specific plasticity. This morphometric, morphological, and allometric study in the larval stage of Silver pompano will be a baseline data to strengthen the easy identification of larval stages, improve culture practices and supplement future studies on the species.