bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of a novel mutation of EYA4 in a Chinese family with delayed nonsyndromic hearing loss and analysis of molecular epidemiology of EYA4 mutations
Authors: Junfang Xue , Linyi Xie , Qiuchen Zheng , Fen Xiong , Xiedong Wu , Jialin Fan , Yang Zhang , Dayong Wang , Qiujing Zhang , Qiuju Wang , Qiujing Zhang , Qiuju Wang
Published: March 2024

Background: EYA4 is responsible for DFNA10 deafness. Because of its insidious onset and slow progression, hearing loss in ADSHL is usually difficult to detect early in clinical settings and the intervention is relatively backward. Genetic testing can help to detect hearing loss early and facilitate early intervention, effectively reducing the disability rate and improving the quality of life of patients.
Methods: In this study, we report a Chinese family with delayed onset and progressive hearing loss that passed down for four generations. The whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on DNA samples from the proband. Candidate variants in the proband and his family members were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In silico prediction tools and co-segregation analyses were used to determine the pathogenicity of identified variants. A literature review of known EYA4 mutations was performed, and the mutation frequency, distribution characteristics in different populations, and correlation between genotypes and phenotypes were analyzed.
Results: We identified a novel EYA4 gene mutation, c.1745_1748del (p.Glu582ValfsTer6), in a Chinese family with nonsyndromic ADNSHL. This mutation was predicted to result in a frameshift and a stop codon after six additional amino acids and confirmed co-segregation with the phenotype of this family. To date, 52 pathogenic mutations in EYA4have been reported, and most of these mutations have been identified in Asian populations: 15 mutations in Japan, 10 in China, and four in Korea. In addition, the EYA4 mutation is not a common pathogenic gene of ADNSHL, and its audiological features are highly heterogeneous.
Conclusions: A novel mutation in EYA4was identified in a Chinese family with delayed-onset deafness, further enriching the mutation spectrum of EYA4. The audiological features of EYA4mutations are highly heterogeneous and usually difficult to detect early in clinical settings. Our findings highlight the importance of genetic testing in patients with late-onset hearing loss.
Evaluating fetal pulmonary vascular development in congenital heart disease: a comparative study using the McGoon index and multiple parameters of fetal echocardiography
Authors: Pan Chenke , Zhao Bowen , Pan Mei , Luo Yunkai , Zhang Yunyun , Ying Bin
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of MGI and multiple parameters in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease with different pulmonary circulation blood volumes.
Methods: This study included 349 fetuses categorized into three groups: Group A consisted of 258 fetuses with no discernible abnormalities identified through echocardiography; Group B included 71 fetuses with decreased pulmonary blood flow or pulmonary atresia; and Group C comprised 20 fetuses with reduced or detached aortic flow. The MGI and Z-scores were measured and compared among these groups.
Results: Significant variations were noted in the aortic outflow Z-scores (AO-Zs), pulmonary artery (PA), PA Z-scores (PA-Zs), PA/AO, right PA , and MGI among the three groups (all p < 0.05). Among fetuses with decreased pulmonary blood flow or pulmonary atresia, PA, PA-Zs, and MGI in fetuses with reverse DA flow perfusion were lower than those in the DA forward perfusion group.
Conclusion: Fetal echocardiography, incorporating the MGI and multiple parameters, not only allows for the evaluation of pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary vascular development of the fetus but also enables the observation of changes in pulmonary blood flow and MGI development across different gestational weeks.
Evaluating physical determinants of morbidity among Rohingya refugee pregnant and lactating women in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hossain Abeer Mohammad , Hoque Mohammad Rezoanul , Riz Abu Ansar Md , Chowdhury A B M Alauddin
Published: March 2024

The health and well-being of pregnant and lactating women in refugee populations, such as the Rohingya in Bangladesh, represent a significant public health challenge. This study, conducted in the Cox's Bazar area between June and September 2022, aimed to evaluate the physical determinants of morbidity among this vulnerable group, with a particular focus on the roles of maternal age and the duration of pregnancy and lactation periods. Through a descriptive cross-sectional approach, 804 participants were selected using simple random sampling from the makeshift camps at Ukhiya. Data were gathered using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS-26 and Stata-13 software. The findings revealed a notable correlation between younger maternal ages (18 and 20 years) and increased health risks, such as anemia, hypertension, and gestational diabetes, whereas age 21 showed an unexpected positive correlation with better health outcomes. Additionally, extended durations of pregnancy were associated with higher morbidity rates, highlighting conditions like acidity, viral fever, and cough as prevalent among the participants. This study underscores the complex interplay between social, environmental, and individual factors that influence the health of pregnant and lactating Rohingya women, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted health interventions. These interventions should be sensitive to the specific challenges posed by displacement and the makeshift living conditions, incorporating comprehensive support that spans nutritional, medical, and psychological care. By shedding light on the nuanced health needs of Rohingya refugee women, this research contributes valuable insights towards enhancing health strategies and interventions in similar humanitarian crises globally.
Construction of a Nomogram Risk Prediction Model for Acute Cardiotoxicity Associated with Anthracycline Drugs in Pediatric Hematological Tumors: a retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: ZHOU Yanjun , Chunli Wang , Chi Wei
Published: March 2024

Objective To explore the risk factors for anthracycline related acute cardiotoxicity (ACT) in pediatric patients with hematological tumors, and to construct a column chart risk prediction model.
Methods 184 children with hematological tumors in a tertiary hospital from January 2016 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The children were divided into a model group (129 cases) and a validation group (55 cases) in a 7:3 ratio. The model group was used to construct a risk prediction model, while the validation group was used to verify the accuracy of the model's predictions. Using multiple logistic regression analysis to explore the independent influencing factors of anthracycline related acute ACT in children with hematological tumors, and further establishing a risk column chart prediction model using R software.
Results Age, Targeted therapy, TC, and LDL-H were independent risk factors for anthracycline related acute ACT in children with hematological tumors (all P<0.05), while the combination of dexamethasone and dexamethasone was an independent protective factor for anthracycline related acute ACT in children with hematological tumors (P<0.05). A column chart prediction model was constructed using the above influencing factors as indicators. The area under the working characteristic curve (AUC) of the subjects in the model group was 0.804 [95% CI (0.725, 0.869), P<0.001]. The results of the Hosmer Lemeshow goodness of fit test were χ2=9.448, P=0.306, AUC in the validation group was 0.738 [95% CI (0.635,0.848), P<0.001], and the results of the Hosmer Lemeshow goodness of fit test were χ2=9.448, P=0.306. When the threshold probability of the clinical decision curve is between 0.01 and 0.92, the clinical net benefit is higher.
Conclusion: The risk prediction model for anthracycline related acute ACT in children with hematological tumors constructed in this study has good predictive value and clinical applicability. It can help medical staff screen high-risk populations, take timely and effective intervention measures, and achieve maximum survival benefits.
Effectiveness of axicabtagene ciloleucel versus conventional treatments as first-line therapy for high-risk large B-cell lymphoma: an external comparator study
Authors: Shin Ju-Young , Kim Ju Hwan , Bea Sungho , Choi Yeeun , Yoon Sang Eun , Kim Won Seog , Kim Seok Jin
Published: March 2024

Efficacy of Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel) as a frontline regimen for high-risk large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) has been described in ZUMA-12 single-arm trial, yet there is a paucity of data on head-to-head effectiveness comparison between axi-cel vs. conventional therapy. We conducted an external comparator arm (ECA) study to compare overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with axi-cel from ZUMA-12 with ECA treated with conventional therapies from SMC-LCS (Samsung Medical Center-Lymphoma Cohort Study 2017–2023); published summary data from ZUMA-12 and individual patient data from SMC-LCS were used. Matching-adjusted indirect comparison weighting was used to compare OS and PFS, adjusting for the baseline characteristics. Of 279 patients with high-risk LBCL in SMC-LCS, 45 fulfilled ZUMA-12 eligibility criteria. Mortality rates were 13.5% in ZUMA-12 and 49.5% in ECA, corresponding to a lower hazard of death for axi-cel (hazard ratio 0.30 [95% CI 0.13–0.73]). Median PFS of ZUMA-12 was not reached vs 2.7 months in ECA, corresponding to improved PFS for axi-cel (hazard ratio 0.23 [0.11–0.46]). This study leveraged real-world data as a source for external comparator to present clinically meaningful evidence on the comparative effectiveness of axi-cel for high-risk LBCL.
Scalable Ammonia Synthesis in Fermentors Using Quantum Dot-Azotobacter vinelandii Hybrids
Authors: Kim Jayeong , Lee Byunghyun , Kim Gui-Min , Lee Ilsong , Lee Sang Yup , Choi Kyeong Rok , Lee Doh Chang
Published: March 2024

This study introduces a scalable synthesis of ammonia through photochemical reactions, wherein nitrogen-fixing bacterial cells, Azotobacter vinelandii (A. vinelandii), form hybrids with colloidal quantum dots (QDs). Irradiation of the QD-A. vinelandii hybrids with visible light is found to significantly enhance ammonia production efficiency. The inherently low ammonia conversion rate of wild-type A. vinelandii is substantially increased upon incorporation of QDs. This increase is attributed to the electron transfer from QDs within the bacterial cells to intracellular bio-components. We explore the scalability of the QD-A. vinelandii hybrids by conducting the photochemical reaction in a 5 L fermentor under various parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, nutrient supply, and pH. Our findings demonstrate that the QD-A. vinelandii hybrid system in a bioreactor setup achieves an ammonia turnover frequency of 11.96 s− 1, marking a more than sixfold increase in efficiency over that of nitrogenase enzymes alone. This advancement highlights the potential of integrating biological and nanotechnological elements for scalable ammonia production processes.
Urbanization Differentially Affects the Distributions of Two Sympatric Congeners with Similar Ecological Niches
Authors: Jackson Danny N. , McGraw Kevin J.
Published: March 2024

Urbanization has altered organisms and ecosystems around the world and will continue to do so into the foreseeable future. Although avian responses to urbanization at the community level have been well characterized, we lack species-level studies examining differences in spatial distributions in response to urbanization. We tested for differences in spatial distributions of two congeneric passerine bird species across an urban ecosystem: northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) and pyrrhuloxia (Cardinalis sinuatus), two closely related songbird species that overlap in distribution. We developed and deployed a new method for testing differences in spatial distributions between species using MaxENT, eBird, and structured bird-survey data across two regions: the state of Arizona and across the Tucson metropolitan area. We then investigated potential urban-environmental factors that may similarly or differentially influence spatial distribution of (a) northern cardinal populations in two urban centers in the state (Tucson and Phoenix) and (b) both species in and around Tucson. We found that northern cardinals occur both further north in the state of Arizona and further into the city of Tucson than pyrrhuloxia. We also found that pyrrhuloxia are excluded from urban areas by habitat availability, but that they are positively associated with human development. High-intensity urbanization has limited urban northern cardinal distributions, and their affinity for areas near open water may have facilitated their northward expansion across the state. We show that species distributions in response to habitat urbanization differ between even closely related species with very similar niches, and characterize environmental associations that drive these differences.
Design and analysis of discrete fractional-order chaotic map with offset-boosting behavior
Authors: Huang Lilian , Zheng Lei , Yang Yan , Li Chuang
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a 3D discrete fractional-order chaotic map (DFOCM) with offset-boosting behavior based on the memristor. Different from the integer-order chaotic map, the offset-boosting behavior of the DFOCM with parameter offset is associated with the initial value, primarily due to the unique memory properties of fractional-order differences. In addition, rich dynamical properties of the DFOCM are examined using the 0-1 test, maximal Lyapunov exponent, phase diagram, and bifurcation diagram. Numerical simulations show that this DFOCM exhibits more complex dynamical behavior than its integer-order one. Meanwhile, the multistability and conditional symmetry of the DFOCM are studied. The unpredictability and high pseudo-randomness of the chaotic sequence produced by the DFOCM are confirmed by the SE complexity. Finally, the suggested DFOCM is implemented on the DSP hardware platform, demonstrating the physical feasibility of the numerical simulation.
Nutrients removal from wastewater by microalga Chlorella sp. coupled to augmented lipid production with spent wastewater utilized by cyanobacterium Fischerella muscicola TISTR 8215 for hydrogen production
Authors: Wutthithien Palaya , Incharoensakdi Aran
Published: March 2024

Wastewater from different sources with excessive nutrient loading, which is a major contributor to eutrophication, can be a promising medium alternative for microalgae cultivation with effective removal of N-NH4+, PO43−P and organic matters. In this study, three groups of synthetic wastewater (SWW), an ammonium-rich stream (60 to 250 mg L− 1 NH4+) containing a specific type of organic matter, such as petroleum effluent (SWW1: 300 mg L− 1 glucose and 10 mg L− 1 phenol), molasses wastewater (SWW2: 600 mg L− 1 glucose), and agro-industrial wastewater (SWW3: no organic matters) were used for growing Chlorella sp. and for investigating its potential for nutrient removal as well as the production of biomass and lipid. The findings showed that Chlorella sp. grown in SWW2 (i.e., the auto/mixotrophic culture with 14 days) served as efficient feedstock for lipid production, and showed the maximum lipid content and yield of 53% DCW and 188 mg L− 1, respectively. Additionally, the maximum removal of 76% N-NH4+ was observed under this condition. Higher removal of N-NH4+ with 100% efficiency was seen in Chlorella sp. under SWW1 and SWW3 conditions. However, under SWW2 the cells had higher NH4+ uptake rate than that under SWW1 and SWW3, resulting in highest biomass productivity in SWW2 grown cells. The spent media after Chlorella sp. cultivation were used for growing N2-fixing cyanobacterium Fischerella muscicola TIRTS 8215 for the production of hydrogen. Among different spent media, Fischerella muscicola TIRTS 8215 cultivated in SWW1 spent medium obtained from 7-day Chlorella sp. cultivation had the highest hydrogen production of 200.8 µmol H2 mg− 1 chl a. Overall, the present study employed biorefinery approach using the microalga biomass as feed stock for lipid production with subsequent utilization of spent medium for growing the cyanobacterium for enhanced production of hydrogen.
Assessing Hiv Behavioral Risks and Their Associated Socio- Demographic Factors Among Adolescents: Survey Findings From Hiv Risk Education Program in Nimule Peri-urban Town, South Sudan
Authors: Scopas Samuel Bojo , Ayena Nixson , Kokwaro Prof. Gilbert , Agweyu Prof. Ambrose
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: As the world advances toward HIV epidemic control, gains made are being slowed down by an increase in new HIV infections particularly among adolescents whose risky behaviors remain a public health concern. This study aimed to assess self-reported HIV behavioral risks and their associated socio-demographic factors among adolescents in Nimule peri-urban town in South Sudan.
METHODS: We designed and undertook before and after the study with two cross-sectional surveys conducted at baseline and end line for adolescents aged 10-17 years who consented, enrolled, and participated in a peer-led HIV risk education program delivered in health clubs. Using a standardized adolescent survey questionnaire, data on ten (10) self-reported HIV risks including demographic factors of the respondents were collected between December 2020 and December 2021. A multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was performed using STATA version 16 statistical software to assess the associations between self-reported behavioral risks and associated sociodemographic factors.
RESULTS: Among the 577 adolescents enrolled, 301 (54.0%) were female and 256 (46.0%) were males. The median age was 14 (IQR: 11-16) years at baseline and 15(IQR: 12-17) years at end-line. A slight decrease from 89 (16.0%) to 88 (15.8%) was observed between baseline and end-line in the proportion of adolescents who self-reported that they have never had sex in their lifetime with a corresponding increase from 58 (64.4%) at baseline to 70 (78.6%) at the end line in the proportion of adolescents self-reporting having used condoms in their last sex. Compared with the baseline survey, the odds of self-reported HIV risks were 23% lower (aOR 0.77, 95% CI:0.73-0.80, p<0.001). Equally, higher odds of self-reported risks were observed among male adolescents (aOR 1.11, 95% CI:1.06-1.15, p<0.001), those in the age band 15-17 years (aOR 1.27, 95% CI:1.21-1.34, p<0.001), those who were unemployed (aOR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.21-1.34, p<0.001) and those cared for by non-parents (aOR 1.29, 95% CI:1.21-1.36, p<0.001)
CONCLUSION: Peer-led risk program education programs have the potential to reduce HIV risk behaviors among adolescents and this signifies the crucial role these programs can play in accelerating HIV prevention for young adolescents. We, therefore, recommend the integration of risk education into HIV prevention programs for adolescents in low- and middle-income countries like South Sudan
A Three-stream Fusion Network for 3D Skeleton-based Action Recognition
Authors: Fang Ming , Liu Qi , Ren Jianping , Li Jie , Du Xinning , Liu Shuhua
Published: March 2024

The progress in the skeleton-based action recognition is advancing rapidly in recent years. However, the spatial-temporal features between joints are not systematically explored. In this study, we propose a three-stream fusion network (3sFN) that aims to fully learn action features by mining multiangle and mul-tiscale spatial-temporal information between joints. The proposed model first uses Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (ST-GCN) and Res2NeXt-50 to obtain motion spatial-temporal information from the spatial-temporal graph, SkeleMotion, and tree-structure-reference-joints image (TSRJI). The spatial-temporal features obtained from the independent learning of these three components are fine-tuned and fused to make full use of the complementarity and diversity among the three features. The spatial-temporal graph, SkeleMo-tion image, and TSRJI image are all obtained from human skeleton data. The model of 3sFN performs explicit modeling separately on the temporal information and spatial information of the action and solves the shortcomings of ST-GCN, which extracts a single combined feature of temporal and spatial information. The model is tested on the NTU RGB+D 60 and NTU RGB+D 120 datasets, and accuracies of 97.43% on Cross-Subject with 99.19% on Cross-View for the first dataset, and 96.35% on Cross-Subject with 97.34% on Cross-Setup for the second dataset, are obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves the state-of-the-art action recognition.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Social Touch Questionnaire in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Wang Chenglei , Xie Ruyun , Chen Liangliang , Yang Xinhua , Yan Chao
Published: March 2024

Social touch promotes psychological well-being through inducing positive effects on social affiliation and stress alleviation, especially in adolescence. However, there is a scarcity of instruments available for evaluating adolescents' attitudes toward social touch in China. The present study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Social Touch Questionnaire (STQ) in Chinese adolescents. A total of 2839 high school students were enrolled, ranging in age from 11 to 19 (Mean = 15.45, SD = 1.63). The dimensions of the scale were conducted by Exploratory factor analysis, and validated by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A three-factor model showed the best fit and consisted of the following subgroups: Liking of informal social touch; Liking of general social touch; Dislike of social touch. The Cronbach’s alpha of the STQ was .707, and the test–retest reliability was .764 over a two-week interval. Furthermore, the positive associations were found between social touch and interaction anxiety (r = .488, p < .001), fear of negative evaluation (r = .239, p < .001), depressive (r = .214, p < .001) and anxiety symptoms (r = .147, p < .001), and sleep quality (r = .139, p < .001). Short-term prediction of 'Dislike of social touch' in anxiety symptoms was determined, while no significant predictor of depressive symptoms was found. The STQ demonstrates reliability and validity as a self-report questionnaire designed to assess behaviors and attitudes toward social touch. It effectively adapts to the nuances of the Chinese context among adolescents.
Law and economics of minority-language policy.
Authors: Wickström Bengt-Arne
Published: March 2024

Formal language rights, such as the status as an oﬀicial, working, national, or regional language, are normally conferred on a language in a well- defined territory, be it a county, a province or an entire country. For a minority language in a federal state, the status as a rule varies from one jurisdiction to another, depending on the number of speakers in the various federal parts of the state. We provide a framework for a normative analysis of this type of language policy. The analysis is based on cost-benefit analysis. We first define and dis- cuss the benefit side assuming benefits to be proportional to the number of beneficiaries of a given planning measure. We then argue that the costs of a planning measure can be adequately described as a function of two variables “number of beneficiaries” and “size of area of application”. The form of this function characterizes different types of planning measures and lets us analyze different planning measures in a two-dimensional model characterized by the number of beneficiaries and their geographical concentration in the jurisdiction under consideration. In praxi simple planning rules have to be used in deciding on the imple- mentation of planning measures. The cost structure – as well as the size of the costs of given planning measures – determines how different planning rules function. In addition, also for practical purposes, only a small set of policy cat- egories is tractable. This leads to a multi-stage optimization problem. For any possible category – collection of planning measures – the results of an optimal planning rule have to be found. Based thereof, the selection of categories can be made, also considering administrative costs.
JEL classification: K19, K39, Z13, Z18, J15, J18
Experimental and Mathematical Optimization of Recycled Poylacticacid Composite Printed Structures Using Fdm Technology
Authors: Kumar PVR Girish , Devi K. Devaki
Published: March 2024

This study compares virgin structures with recycled structures with two main goals. First, it explores the experimental data pertaining to these structures' behavior under loads. Later, it was mathematically compared to multiple optimization method. Thus, layer thickness, infill percentage, and shell thickness—three crucial geometric parameters of the repetitive structures—are regarded as highly significant design parameters. As a result, a unique approach to experiment design was used, yielding nine completely distinct components. These structures were printed using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology and composed of recycled PLA + CF and Poly Lactic Acid Carbon Fiber (PLACF). They were then loaded, and the resulting mechanical responses served as the basis for the normalizing matrix's foundational dataset. Amazingly, the TOPSIS method found both positive and negative solutions after the weight was normalized. The results clearly showed how performance is measured using performance rank, ranging from the best to the worst solution. The ANNOVA application demonstrated its ability to achieve optimal design values for mechanical properties across specific parameters, revealing the potential of optimization techniques in understanding intricate mechanical behaviours of structures with innovative parts.
Hyperthermic Extracorporeal Applied Tumor Therapy (HEATT®) in Hospice Eligible Cancer Patients
Authors: Zwischenberger Joseph B. , Skaggs Peyton , Fischer Robert , Essa Joanne , Butler Gordon , Winetz Jan , Vertrees Roger
Published: March 2024

Previous research has indicated elevated temperatures of 42°C induce cell death, apoptosis, or senescence of responsive cancers, providing a mechanism for tumor destruction and management. Veno-venous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia (VV-PISH) may be the key to improving advanced tumor responsiveness as solo therapy or as an adjunct to previously failed chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy alone, or in combination. The most recent iteration of VV-PISH, Hyperthermic Extracorporeal Applied Tumor Therapy (HEATT®), provides homogeneous heating of all tissues with electrolyte and pH control, and continues to prove safe and effective. This consecutive series of 13 hospice-eligible patients confirms that HEATT® is safe and efficacious in a near end-of-life diverse population; 8/13 exceeded expected median survival, 6/13 exceeded the 6-month predicted end-of-life, and 5/13 exceeded 12 months. Several lessons learned allowed inclusion and exclusion criteria refinement. Utilization of HEATT® in all eligible patients should be considered as a part of integrative oncology care.
Investigating the potential of Germanene in solar cells: A simulation study on a-SiGe/c-Si structure
Authors: Madmeli Arash , Madmeli Kiarash , Ganji Jabbar
Published: March 2024

Utilizing the two-dimensional (2D) nano-bands with graphene-like atom arrangement in the structure of the solar cells is of significant importance to present the next generation of solar cells. The present study used germanene (a 2D structure made of germanium atoms) as p-type and n-type semiconductor layers in structure ITO/germanene (1, 2, 3)/MoS2 (n)/a-SiGe: H (i)/c-Si (P)/Au of the heterojunction cell. In this structure, germanene (1, 2, 3) is the p-type germanene semiconductor layer doped with AL, the n-type germanene semiconductor layer doped with P, and the p-type germanene semiconductor layer doped with In, represented by germanene1, germanene2, and germanene3 respectively, and were used separately in the solar cell structure. Also, the free-standing germanene was used as front contact in structure germanene/MoS2 (n)/a-SiGe: H (i)/c-Si (P)/Au of the heterojunction cell. The impacts of different radiant intensities at 300 K temperature by the Am1.5 spectrum radiation were investigated using AFORS-HET simulation tool. According to the results, in 1 Sun radiant intensity, by employing germanene1, germanene2, and germanene3 layers separately in the cell structure, the highest efficiency was achieved in the presence of the germanene2, which was 18.64. The highest efficiency in 0.1 Sun and 100 Sun radiant intensities was 17.78 and 19.56, respectively, both obtained in the presence of the germanene2 layer. By applying the free-standing germanene in the structure of the proposed cell, the efficiency in radiant intensities of 1 Sun, 0.1 Sun, and 50 Sun were 26.98, 25.87, and 27.99, respectively. The positive effects of the germanene layer, both as semiconductor layers and free-standing germanene (front contact), were observable in all investigated radiant intensities.
Baseline determinants of adherence for drug-sensitive TB treatment in a South African prospective cohort: a focus on HIV infection and anti-retroviral therapy, clinical care access, and TB stigma
Authors: Steulet Adrian , Hippner Piotr , Maraba Noriah , Jennings Lauren , Rabothata Israel , Mukora Rachel , Xaba Nokhanyo , Mchunu Lihle , Velen Kavindhran , Orrell Catherine , Charalambous Salome , Fielding Katherine
Published: March 2024

Background
Suboptimal adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment is common and puts individuals at increased risk of treatment failure. Identifying risk factors for poor adherence may help better target individuals and improve resource allocations. We assessed specific determinants of treatment adherence: HIV status; antiretroviral therapy; time to clinical care access; and perceived stigma, among adults with drug-sensitive TB.
Methods
This is a secondary analysis of the “TB Mate'' cluster-randomised trial, which implemented a TB treatment adherence intervention in 18 health clinics in South Africa (PACTR201902681157721). Smart pillboxes were used to measure treatment adherence; the recording of the pillbox opening was considered a proxy for dose taken. Adults enrolled in the control arm, using the pillbox in silent mode, were eligible for this analysis. Logistic regression was used to model poor adherence (< 80% doses taken) and negative binomial regression was used to study adherence as a count of doses taken. Directed acyclic graphs guided the selection of confounders in the models.
Results
Out of 1,213 participants from nine clinics, 51% (614) had adherence of < 80% and the geometric mean of the percentage of doses taken was 59.6%. 63% (769) of participants were living with HIV, of whom 66% (507/769) were taking antiretroviral therapy. The median time to access clinical care was 127 minutes. Ninety-five percent (1151/1213) reported no perceived stigmatisation at the time of starting TB treatment. Living with HIV was identified as a strong determinant of adherence to TB treatment: adjusted odds ratio 1.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–2.22) for < 80% adherence and adjusted rate ratio 0.9 (0.83–0.97) for doses taken, compared with being HIV-negative. Being on antiretroviral therapy, time to clinical care access, and perceived stigma were not associated with either adherence measure.
Conclusions
Very low adherence reported highlights the need for TB treatment support interventions, especially among those living with HIV.
An investigation for phylogenetic characterization of human Pancreatic cancer microbiome by 16SrDNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics techniques
Authors: Hunter Colby , Dia Khadimou , Boykins Julia , Perry Karrington , Banerjee Narendra , Cuffee Jazmine , Armstrong Erik , Morgan Gabrielle , Banerjee Hirendra Nath , Banerjee Anasua , Bhattacharya Santanu
Published: March 2024

Pancreatic cancer is a significant public health concern, with increasing incidence rates and limited treatment options. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiota, in the development and progression of this disease. Microbial dysbiosis, characterized by alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, has been implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis through mechanisms involving chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic disturbances. Researchers have identified specific microbial signatures associated with pancreatic cancer, offering potential biomarkers for early detection and prognostication. By leveraging advanced sequencing and bioinformatics tools, scientists have delineated differences in the gut microbiota between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals, providing insights into disease pathogenesis and potential diagnostic strategies. Moreover, the microbiome holds promise as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer treatment. Interventions aimed at modulating the microbiome, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have demonstrated potential in enhancing the efficacy of existing cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. These approaches can influence immune responses, alter tumor microenvironments, and sensitize tumors to treatment, offering new avenues for improving patient outcomes and overcoming therapeutic resistance. Overall, understanding the complex interplay between the microbiome and pancreatic cancer is crucial for advancing our knowledge of disease mechanisms and identifying innovative therapeutic strategies. Here we report phylogenetic analysis of the 16S microbial sequences of the pancreatic cancer mice microbiome and corresponding age matched healthy mice microbiome. We successfully identified differentially abundance of microbiota in the pancreatic cancer.
Analyzing Optical Properties of Natural Fluorite Crystals: A Comprehensive Investigation
Authors: Shakooei Maryam , Shahidi Mohammad Mahdi , Abedi Arezoo , Mehrabani Mona
Published: March 2024

Fluorite, a primary fluorine mineral, plays a crucial role in various chemical and manufacturing processes. In this study focuses on the structural and optical characteristics of four natural fluorite crystals from the Era mine and Komsheche deposit in Iran. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were used to investigate the samples. The Raman spectra exhibited a distinctive peak at approximately 322 cm⁻¹, corresponding to the CaF₂ lattice vibration. XRD patterns confirmed the cubic phase of CaF₂, and the preferred orientation of the (111) crystallographic plane was observed. The study revealed variations in full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values among the samples, potentially indicating the presence of yttrium and enabling differentiation of Various fluorites from different regions. The results provide valuable insights into the structural and optical properties of fluorite crystals and contribute to the understanding of their formation and potential applications in various fields.
Digitale Patient:innenschulung
Authors: Pawellek Sabine , Wulff Hagen
Published: March 2024

Adipositas gilt als wesentliches Public-Health Problem. Folglich sind zielgruppenadäquate Therapieansätze zur Reduktion der enormen Adipositasprävalenz erforderlich. Die Digitalisierung der Patient:innenschulung bietet dafür Optimierungspotenziale, verlangt jedoch neue Kompetenzen von Schulungsanbietenden. Bildungswissenschaftliche Forschung offeriert diesbezüglich theoretische Grundlagen, welche der Konzeption von Weiterbildungen dient und zur Steigerung von Schulungswirksamkeit führt. Für die Adipositastherapie existieren keine Kompetenzmodellierungen und entsprechende Erhebungsinstrumente. Folglich wird eruiert, welche Kompetenzstrukturen zur Planung und Umsetzung digitaler Therapie benötigt werden. Die Konstruktion des Erhebungsinstruments basierte auf einer Literaturrecherche, um therapieadäquate Kompetenzkonzeptualisierungen zu erfassen. Mittels Inhaltsanalyse wurden Dimensionen und Items abgeleitet. Zur Absicherung und Optimierung des Fragebogens erfolgte eine Expert:innen-Befragung. Auf Grundlage bestehender Evidenz beinhaltet das Erhebungsinstrument drei Themenbereiche: therapieadäquate Kompetenzen, Kompetenzmoderatoren und demografische Angaben, die 16 Dimensionen (z. B. Medienanpassung, digitale Lernüberwachung) und 46 Frageitems umfassen. Aus der Expert:innenbefragung (n = 11) resultierten 40 Überarbeitungshinweise (z. B. zu Sprache und Inhalt). Die durchschnittliche Beantwortungszeit des Fragebogens betrug 8,8 Minuten. Mit dem vorliegenden Instrument wurden erstmalig literaturbasiert Kompetenzstrukturen für die Planung und Umsetzung digitaler Adipositastherapie identifiziert und durch Expert:innen abgesichert. Nach der geplanten Validierung besteht die Möglichkeit, den Einfluss von Kompetenzen auf Therapieeffektivität zu evaluieren, Rückschlüsse für die Konzeption von Aus- und Fortbildung abzuleiten und einen Beitrag zur Wirksamkeitssteigerung der Therapie zu leisten.
Das computerbezogene Selbstkonzept als Indikator berufsspezifischer computer- und informationsbezogener Einstellungen und Kompetenzen angehender Grundschullehrkräfte
Authors: Winkler Lisa-Marie , Bröll Leena
Published: March 2024

Die Notwendigkeit, kommende Generationen adäquat auf das Leben und Arbeiten in einer digitalen Gesellschaft vorzubereiten, stellt neue Herausforderungen an die Lehrkräfte und somit an deren Aus- und Weiterbildung. Grundschullehrkräften kommt dabei die Schlüsselrolle zu, den Grundstein für kommende digitale Sozialisierungs- und Bildungsprozesse zu legen. Hierfür müssen im Rahmen der Lehrkräftebildung berufsspezifische computer- und informationsbezogene Kompetenzen (ICT-Einstellungen und Kompetenzen) zur zielführenden Integration digitaler Werkzeuge in den Unterricht vermittelt, aber auch diesbezügliche Einstellungen und Überzeugungen verstanden und gegebenenfalls modifiziert werden. Zu diesem Zweck untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag das computerbezogene Selbstkonzept (CSK) als potenziellen Indikator berufsspezifischer ICT-Einstellungen und Kompetenzen unter Studierenden des Grundschullehramts. Aufbauend auf einem kurzen theoretischen Exkurs zur Konzeptualisierung und Messung des CSK erfolgen dessen Einordnung in das antizipierte Wirkgefüge aus digitalem Nutzungsverhalten und berufsspezifischen ICT-Einstellungen und Kompetenzen sowie eine detaillierte Beschreibung des methodischen Vorgehens zur Prüfung der empirischen Gültigkeit der erwarteten Zusammenhänge für die vorliegende Stichprobe. Signifikante positive Zusammenhänge zwischen CSK-Facetten sowie berufsspezifischen ICT-Einstellungen und Kompetenzen weisen auf die Bedeutsamkeit der Förderung positiver bereichsspezifischer selbstbezogener Kognitionen hin. Die Bewältigung dieser pädagogischen Aufgabe rückt die Dozierenden im Rahmen der Lehrkräftebildung und deren potenzielle Rolle als ‹digital role models› der Studierenden stärker in den Mittelpunkt.
Die Medienkritikfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen erforschen
Authors: Ernst Julian , Seyferth-Zapf Christian
Published: March 2024

Medienkritikfähigkeit ist eine Zentralkategorie des deutschsprachigen medienpädagogischen Diskurses und zählt als grundlegende Dimension von Medienkompetenz. Während die theoretische Diskussion zur Medienkritikfähigkeit rege geführt wird, fristen Fragen ihrer empirischen Erforschung bislang ein Schattendasein. Auf eben diese ein Licht zu werfen, ist Anliegen des Beitrags. Hierzu werden Streifzüge unternommen sowohl durch theoretische Konzeptionierungen von Medienkritikfähigkeit als auch durch empirische Untersuchungen im deutschsprachigen Raum. Identifiziert werden methodische wie methodologische Herausforderungen, die die Grundlage für die Formulierung von Implikationen künftiger Vorhaben zur empirischen Erforschung der Medienkritikfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen bilden. Darauf aufbauend werden abschliessend zwei prototypische Messmodelle zur Erfassung von Medienkritikfähigkeit ausgearbeitet.
Jingle-Jangle in der Messung digitaler Kompetenzen von (angehenden) Lehrkräften
Authors: Rubach Charlott
Published: March 2024

Die rasante Integration digitaler Prozesse im beruflichen Umfeld erfordert eine kontinuierliche Weiterbildung im Umgang mit digitalen Medien, die zur Entwicklung digitaler Kompetenz führt. Aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht ist die Operationalisierung des Konstrukts der digitalen Kompetenz notwendig, um solche Weiterbildungsprozesse zu untersuchen. Die quantitative Operationalisierung digitaler Kompetenz ist jedoch mit Herausforderungen verbunden, die einen Dialog bedürfen. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Herausforderungen, die sich bei der Untersuchung und Messung digitaler Kompetenz ergeben, wobei Forschung zu Lehrkräften als Beispiel der Erläuterung genutzt werden. Aktuelle Herausforderungen sind (a) das Fehlen einer einheitlichen Definition, Debatten über (b) das Verhältnis von grundlegender und professioneller digitaler Kompetenz, (c) die Begründung von Fähigkeiten, Wissen und Motivation sowie (d) Probleme mit uneinheitlicher Terminologie und Messung, was als jingle-jangle Irrtum bezeichnet wird. Diese Herausforderungen gefährden die Transparenz und den interdisziplinären Dialog. In diesem Beitrag werden daher die Herausforderungen erörtert und einige Lösungen zur Verbesserung der Transparenz und zur Vermeidung von Fallstricken in der Forschung vorgeschlagen. Es werden Strategien vorgeschlagen, wie die Schaffung präziser theoretischer Grundlagen, die Klärung der zu messenden Kompetenzelemente und die Verwendung einer präzisen Terminologie gelingen kann, um das interdisziplinäre Forschungsfeld zur digitalen Kompetenz von Lehrkräften voranzubringen.
Vom Pixel zur Präsenz – Rückblick auf das JFMH 2023 an der Universität Duisburg-Essen
Authors: Träg Kristian , Steinhaus Tatjana , Mulders Miriam
Published: March 2024

Die Tagung des Jungen Forums für Medien und Hochschulentwicklung konnte 2023, nach zwei Jahren Online-Veranstaltung, wieder in ein Präsenzformat überführt werden. Die Veranstaltung trug den Titel «Spannungsfeld der digitalen Kompetenz» und konnte vielfältige Perspektiven aus der wissenschaftlichen Praxis aufzeigen. Das Learning Lab (Lehrstuhl für Mediendidaktik und Wissensmanagement der Fakultät für Bildungswissenschaften) der Universität Duisburg-Essen richtete die Tagung mit einem besonderen Augenmerk auf den sozialen Austausch und das Netzwerken zwischen den teilnehmenden Nachwuchswissenschaftler:innen aus. Trotz einer vergleichsweise geringen Teilnehmendenzahl im Vergleich zu den vorherigen Online-Veranstaltungen konnte auf der JFMH-Tagung 2023 durch eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Formate das Ziel der Vernetzung erfolgreich adressiert werden.
Medienkompetenz durch ‹Learning by Doing›?
Authors: Schäfers Johannes
Published: March 2024

Lehrkräfte an berufsbildenden Schulen sollen über grundlegende Medienkompetenzen verfügen, um ihren Schüler:innen den Umgang mit digitalen Endgeräten medienpädagogisch zu vermitteln und deren Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten in diesem Bereich zu stärken. Nur durch eine breite Anwendung digitaler Medien – im gesamten schulischen Bereich als Querschnittsthema wie auch im beruflichen Alltag – können diese digitalen Kompetenzen bei den ‹Fachkräften von morgen› gefördert werden. Wie jedoch einschlägige Kompetenzen für einen medienpädagogischen Hintergrund von Lehrkräften an berufsbildenden Schulen gefördert werden können und inwiefern bereits ein solcher Lernprozess durch eigenständiges Anwenden und Einsetzen digitaler Endgeräte und Software – besser bekannt als ‹Learning by Doing› – dabei helfen können, wird in diesem Beitrag exemplarisch anhand einer qualitativen Untersuchung aufgezeigt. Dabei dienen Auszüge aus leitfadengestützten Interviews mit erfahrenen Lehrkräften im Umgang mit Lernmanagementsystemen als erstes Zwischenfazit des dahinter liegenden Forschungsvorhabens. Dieser Aufarbeitung und Analyse liegen ein medienpädagogisches Kompetenzverständnis sowie eine philosophische Perspektive auf das Lernen durch Handeln zugrunde.
Künstliche Intelligenz im Kontext von Kompetenzen, Prüfungen und Lehr-Lern-Methoden
Authors: Klar Maria , Schleiss Johannes
Published: March 2024

Der Beitrag untersucht Auswirkungen und Fragestellungen von generativen Sprachmodellen, einer Form der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI), in den Bereichen von Kompetenzen, Prüfungen und Lehr-Lern-Szenarien. Wir diskutieren, inwiefern KI neue Kompetenzen erfordert, Kompetenzen an Relevanz verlieren und Kompetenzen verloren gehen. Die teilweise veränderten Kompetenzen wirken auch auf die Prüfungsgestaltung: Es stellt sich die Frage, wo KI aus Prüfungen ausgeschlossen und wo sie bewusst eingeschlossen werden sollte. Beide Entscheidungen haben Einfluss auf die Zuverlässigkeit und Alltagsnähe der Prüfungen. KI wirkt hier als Verstärker bestehender Fragen und Problemstellungen. Im Bereich der Lehr-Lern-Szenarien eröffnet KI Lernenden die Möglichkeit, Lernmedien selbst zu adaptieren. Darüber hinaus kann KI als weiterer Akteur in Lehr-Lern-Settings hinzukommen und es stellen sich Fragen, wie dies die soziale Situation des Lernens verändern kann. Im Sinne des Constructive Alignment argumentiert dieser Beitrag, dass KI nicht isoliert, sondern didaktisch verschränkt in Kompetenzen, Prüfungen und Lehr-Lern-Szenarien integriert werden muss. Für die Diskussion und Exploration der sich daraus ergebenden Fragen brauchen Bildungsinstitutionen Offenheit und Experimentierräume.
Perfil e Sobrevida de Mulheres com Câncer Ginecológico atendidas em Centro de Oncologia do Agreste Pernambucano, Brasil
Authors: Abreu Aline Clarice Alves de , Silva Filho Roberto José Marques da , Santos Talita da Silva , Silva Iran Alves da , Albuquerque Juliana Lúcia de , Peres Adrya Lúcia
Published: March 2024

Introdução: O câncer ginecológico, especialmente o câncer do colo do útero, tem uma incidência elevada entre as mulheres e é uma causa relevante de morbidade e morte no Brasil. Torna-se importante conhecer os riscos, dados epidemiológicos e comportamentais da população envolvida com os tumores. Objetivo: Verificar o perfil epidemiológico, clínico e o tempo de sobrevivência das mulheres com câncer ginecológico tratadas num serviço de referência de oncologia no Agreste Pernambuco. Material e Métodos: O estudo foi desenvolvido num Centro de Oncologia no município de Caruaru-PE. A amostra foi composta por pacientes com câncer ginecológico atendidos entre Janeiro de 2007 e Dezembro de 2017. Resultados: Foram incluídas 433 mulheres, das quais 30 (6,93%) morreram durante o período do estudo. A idade média ao diagnóstico foi de 57,57 anos (SD ± 34,71). O câncer mais frequente identificado foi o do colo do útero (62,12%), seguido pelo endométrio (19,40%), ovário (14,78%), vagina (2,54%) e vulva (1,15%). Quanto ao tempo de sobrevivência, um total de 15 (50,00%) morreu no primeiro ano de tratamento, 06 (20,00%) no segundo, 05 (16,67%) no terceiro, 02 (6,67%) no quarto, 01 (3,33%) no quinto, e 01 (3,33%) no sexto ano. Não se registaram mortes entre o 7º e o 10º ano após o tratamento. Conclusão: O câncer do colo do útero foi o mais prevalecente entre as mulheres incluídas neste estudo, quanto à sobrevivência, o primeiro ano após o tratamento foi o período mais crítico para a sobrevivência das pacientes.