bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA018: Metastatic bladder cancer: The expanding role of antibody drug conjugates
Authors: Simon Nicholas
Published: May 2024

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) consist of an antibody, a cytotoxic payload, and a linker between the two. ADCs are becoming increasingly used in metastatic bladder cancer. Enfortumab vedotin (EV) in combination with pembrolizumab recently demonstrated impressive improvements in survival and overall responses compared to chemotherapy in the frontline metastatic setting. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) and single agent EV are also effective, later line options for patients who have progressed on prior chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. New ADCs, including those targeting HER2, have also displayed promising results in bladder cancer patients. Trials are exploring the use of ADCs in combination with each other as well as with immunotherapy. Novel ADCs with dual targets, dual payloads, and other augmentations are being developed and may represent new options for patients moving forward. However, these advances raise many questions. How to best manage the differing toxicities seen with ADCs? What is best sequencing of ADCs? What are the common resistance mechanisms to ADCs? How do these resistance mechanisms affect subsequent use of ADCs? And how effective are these agents in bladder cancer variants and divergent histologies? This talk with cover the expanding role of ADCs in metastatic bladder cancer.

Citation Format: Nicholas Simon. Metastatic bladder cancer: The expanding role of antibody drug conjugates [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr IA018.
Informal Care Time and Costs of Dementia Care in Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Kenne Malaha Angeladine , Thébaut Clémence , Houinato Dismand Stephan , Gansou Grégoire Magloire , Gnonlonfoun Dieu Donné , Adoukonou Thierry , Preux Pierre-Marie , Guerchet Maëlenn
Published: May 2024

Background: Dementia is a growing global health challenge, with significant socioeconomic implications. This study examined the informal care duration and related costs along with the total cost of care for older individuals with dementia in Benin, West Africa, providing insights into a region with limited dementia research. Methods: We conducted a cost-of-illness study in Benin. Both hospital and community recruitments were used to enroll adults aged ≥60 years and their primary caregivers. Structured questionnaire and validated tools were used to collect the demographic, clinical, healthcare resource utilization data as well as informal care duration. Replacement costs approach was performed to valuate informal care time. Official exchange rates from the World Bank were used to convert costs from local currency to purchasing power parities dollars (PPP$). Results: Data from 135 individuals with varying dementia stages revealed that dementia places substantial caregiving demands, predominantly on women who provide up to 8 h of daily care. In 2021, the mean annual cost of dementia care was estimated to be PPP$ 2,399.66 ± 2,057.07. Informal care represented a significant portion of dementia expenses, up to 92% of the total care costs in this study. Discussion: Policy interventions are urgently needed to address the dementia care challenges in Benin, especially because economic transitions and educational advancements may reduce the availability of informal caregivers. This emphasizes the vital role of informal caregivers and underscores the need of implementing dementia policies to support families facing the evolving challenges of dementia care.
Tracing the trajectory of vocational education research on career adaptability: a bibliometric study
Authors: Haryadi Rudi , Abdullah Ade Gafar , Widiaty Isma
Published: May 2024

Reports on the evaluation of the most relevant themes on career adaptability through bibliometric analysis using the keyword “career adaptability” as its input aims to get a comprehensive view of current issues and trends in career adaptability research. The VOSviewer software in collaboration with Microsoft Excel and Open Refine was adopted as tool to visualize the network of authors, countries of origins and keywords in publication data mined on June 19 2022. The analysis found a total of 728 scientific publication from 1981 to 2022. The results show that in the last 15 years the number of career adaptability publications has grown very significantly. The United States is a major country contributing of publications. Author analysis presents Nota L as the most prolific author, while Savickas L is a prominent author while Guan Y is the writer with the best writing network with 8 other writers on career adaptability. Academic Press Inc. dominates the publication with 22.94% of it is production. Keyword analysis shows that career adaptability studies in the last two decades have focused on the theme of career planning through the establishment of a career guidance framework that aims to create prosperity.
Interlanguage impoliteness in criticism by the English learners from Javanese background over social status and distance
Authors: Suwignyo Eko , Rukmini Dwi , Hartono Rudi , Pratama Hendi
Published: May 2024

The present study analyses the impoliteness of criticism over social status and distance, incorporating the concept of "levels of imposition." Criticism as a fundamental speech act is commonly used by people in the modern era, either in the digital world or the real world. It usually contains impoliteness if it embodies negative behavior, conveying criticism. This study belonged to an interlanguage pragmatics study and used forty participants from English language learners having Javanese backgrounds. It also applied the role play technique to take data to be analyzed using mixed method analysis. The data showed that the criticizer performed various impoliteness strategies in criticism, considering familiar and unfamiliar relationships in different social status levels. They mainly performed bald-on-record impoliteness and adhered to other strategies such as negative, positive, and mock politeness. Besides that, delivering criticism in high intonation was also perceived as a part of impoliteness. Therefore, it suggested conducting another research concerning paralinguistics and impoliteness in various communication contexts.
Role of teacher learning agility: an empirical study for islamic educational success in Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Susanto , Afif Nur , Ritonga Apri Wardana , Desrani Ayu , Shunhaji Akhmad , Ahmadi Ahmadi
Published: May 2024

This research aims to analyze the role of teacher learning agility in supporting the success of Islamic education in Indonesia. Researchers used a survey method distributed via a Google Form questionnaire. The population of this study were elementary, middle school, high school, bachelor’s and master’s level teachers, and a sample of 517 people was obtained, taken using random sampling techniques with the classification of 150 elementary school teachers, 135 middle school teachers, 148 high school teachers, 85 undergraduate lecturers, and 53 master level lecturers. The data were analyzed descriptively and measured using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test assisted by the SPSS 22 program. The results of the research show that outstanding educators in Indonesia have high learning agility at work. More than 50% of respondents respond to current developments and apply learning agility in the workplace. Based on job classification, lecturers have higher learning agility with an overall average of above 4.20. Meanwhile, based on gender, women are superior to men in its application. Educators with learning agility display maximum work performance, are able to draw lessons from work experience, adapt to change with full awareness and enthusiasm for learning to improve their skills, knowledge and competence.
Problem-based learning analysis in strengthening college students’ interpersonal communication skill
Authors: Ndiung Sabina , Menggo Sebastianus
Published: May 2024

This study seeks to analyse the incorporation of problem-based learning (PBL) in strengthening students' interpersonal communication skills, as well as the level of proficiency of students' interpersonal communication skills and the obstacles they face in acquiring them. This study was a crosssectional survey conducted in May 2023 with 315 college students enrolled in six English Study Programs at six universities in three Indonesian provinces. The questionnaires and interviews were used for recording data, which was then analysed using Jeffreys's amazing statistics program (JASP). Based on the data collected, it can be shown that the interpersonal communication profiles of 315 participants can be classified as falling within the medium category (average score=3.26). The primary challenge encountered by participants in developing their interpersonal communication skills is attributed to difficulties arising from the accent of their conversation partner, as indicated by a mean score of 4.6. The result mandates that educators provide an appropriate and effective learning method. PBL is an effective alternative as its principles, syntax, implementation stages, orientation, and benefits are capable of helping students overcome interpersonal communication challenges. PBL model is intended to provide students with the skills needed for problem-solving, increasing logical thinking, collaboration, and communication.
The effectiveness of the project method in teaching humanitarian disciplines
Authors: Stepanenko Olena , Valentieva Tatyana , Parfanovich Ivanna , Svoboda Ivo , Marukhovska-Kartunova Olga
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of the project method as an innovative tool for the teaching of humanitarian subjects. The research used such methods as follows: questionnaire, observation, experiment, as well as statistical methods for data processing. In the course of the research, it was determined that the students who were engaged in the project activity, during the project, autonomously researched scientific, reference, educational, and methodological literature. A group of experts found that students’ participation in project activities influenced the development of creative activity, and creative systemic thinking contributed to their self-organization. During the survey, it was determined that students' independent work on creating projects ensures the development of personal and functional components of selforganization. The research's scientific novelty lies in its exclusive focus on students studying humanitarian disciplines. The restricted scope of the experiment facilitated the identification of the project approach as such that it can be integrated into the academic system to enhance students' personal and practical proficiencies, thereby promoting their overall growth. Further research can be aimed at determining the effectiveness of using game methods in the course of teaching humanitarian disciplines.
The impact of artificial intelligence on research and higher education in Morocco
Authors: Moukhliss Ghizlane , Lahyani Khalid , Diab Ghizlane
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various fields, including research and higher education. Thanks to its innovative applications, it has changed traditional teaching methods. This article aims to explore the impact of AI on these domains in Moroccan universities, focusing on its transformative influence, benefits, challenges, and future prospects. By analyzing current literature, case studies, and expert opinions, we elucidate how AI has enhanced research methodologies, empowered educators and students, and fostered innovation in academia. In addition, we discuss ethical considerations and potential concerns associated with the increasing integration of AI. Finally, we highlight the future prospects and opportunities offered by AI for research and higher education in Morocco.
Customer satisfaction index in Indonesian student micro credentials program
Authors: Bismala Lila , Siregar Gustina , Andriany Dewi , Handayani Susi , Hafsah Hafsah , Hasibuan Lailan Safina , Arda Mutia , Putra Yudha Andriansyah , Manurung Yayuk Hayulina
Published: May 2024

The Indonesian Student Micro-Credentials Program implemented by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (UMSU) carries 5 courses, all of which are carried out online, in a relatively short time within 2 months. The learning objectives, which are intended to create practical skills, require students to master the courses they follow, thus causing many problems, which have an impact on the satisfaction of the participants of this program. This study aims to measure the customer satisfaction index (CSI) of participants in this program. Of the 514 participants who were used as respondents, 279 respondents filled out the google formula, and the response rate was 54%. The results showed that the CSI value of the program was 0.85, which means that the participants were very satisfied with the implementation of this program at UMSU. Based on the assessment of it is quality, the dimension assessment is carried out in order of the highest average value, namely this program (4.48), interaction and flexibility (4.33), managers (4.24), lecturers (4.23), students (4.20), assessment (4.16), process (4.14), content design (4.15), partners (4.11), and technology (4.05). Based on the assessment of the level of importance or expectation of this program, the dimension assessment is carried out in order of the highest average value, namely this program (4.47), interaction and flexibility (4.38), managers (4.23), lecturers (4.22), process (4.17), content design (4.17), students (4.13), peer (4.13), assessment (4.11) and technology (4.04).
Comparative study of social studies curriculum in scandinavian countries in developing students' social skills
Authors: Fathimah Siti , Tenri Andi , Sasea Sanita Carolina , Marleni Marleni , Suarjana I Wayan Gede
Published: May 2024

Social skills play a central role in shaping individuals who are able to adapt and contribute to society. This article analyzes the comparative social studies curriculum in Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway and Sweden), focusing on how students’ social skills are developed through their approach to learning. The research method used is a qualitative approach with an emphasis on document analysis and uses a horizontal descriptive approach in the context of comparative education. The results of the comparison found that Denmark emphasizes the integration of social skills in practical learning and research projects, Norway through an integrated approach with its contemporary issues while Sweden applies innovation through technology and community involvement. The comparison between the three countries revealed similarities, differences, as well as challenges and successes in the development of students’ social skills. The conclusions of this analysis provide a foundation for recommending best practices and improvements in social studies curriculum, which can be applied globally to enhance students’ social skills development in this modern era.
Development of a science, environment, technology, and society-based learning module to foster critical thinking in elementary students
Authors: Yulianti Dwi , Herpratiwi Herpratiwi
Published: May 2024

This study aims to develop a science, environment, technology, and society (SETS)-based learning module to enhance critical thinking skills among elementary school students. Employing a research and development (RD) approach adapting the Borg and Gall model, this module is designed to enrich the learning process of natural and social sciences (IPAS). The research sample involved elementary school students from selected schools, utilizing quantitative methods to measure the module's effectiveness. Validation results showed high scores in content, media, language, and pedagogy, indicating a highly valid module. Practicality tests revealed high practicality from both learners' and educators' perspectives, with average scores above 90. The findings indicate a significant increase in students' critical thinking abilities post-module learning, as measured by pre-test and post-test instruments. Implications of these findings suggest that integrating SETS concepts into IPAS learning can be an effective strategy in enhancing elementary students' critical thinking skills. These findings also offer insights for educational practitioners in designing more interactive and environmentally relevant learning materials.
Enhancing global maritime education: a qualitative exploration of post-internship perspectives and preparedness among cadets
Authors: Simanjuntak Marudut Bernadtua , Rafli Zainal , Utami Sintowati Rini
Published: May 2024

This research investigates the post-internship phase for cadets at the Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran Jakarta with a focus on curriculum effectiveness, vocational training impact, language proficiency challenges, technology integration preferences, and the intricate influence of geographical diversity. Results reveal the integrative curriculum's success in transitioning theoretical knowledge to practical application, emphasizing the critical role of vocational training. Language proficiency nuances and a desire for balanced technology integration emerge, while geographical diversity affects cultural adaptation. Implications include refining maritime education, fostering inclusivity, and aligning educational practices with industry demands. Recognizing limitations, the study advocates for broader institutional research and targeted language proficiency investigations in future studies.
The role of three education centers in promoting entrepreneurship careers for vocational students
Authors: Timan Agus , Maisyaroh Maisyaroh , Wiyono Bambang Budi , Adha Maulana Amirul , Valdez Anabelie Villa , Ariyanti Nova Syafira
Published: May 2024

The potential for vocational students to achieve success in entrepreneurship is considerable, especially since they have acquired specific skills that are in line with their area of specialization since the beginning of their vocational schooling. However, schools cannot be alone in promoting entrepreneurial careers among vocational students. This study aims to measure the role of three educational centers, in influencing self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intention and career choice as an entrepreneur. This study was approached with a quantitative approach using structural equation modeling (SEM), the sample in the study was 354 vocational students. Data analysis through four stages, namely exploratory factor analysis, normality and outlier tests, confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses testing (structural model). The results showed that the three education centers significantly influence selfefficacy and entrepreneurial intention which in turn can encourage students to choose a career as an entrepreneur. This research contributes to the understanding of how the three education centers can be an important catalyst in shaping a generation of resilient and innovative entrepreneurs.
Existence of independent learning curriculum and portrait of ideal curriculum management in laboratory schools
Authors: Maisyaroh Maisyaroh , Wiyono Bambang Budi , Chusniyah Tutut , Adha Maulana Amirul , Valdez Anabelie Villa , Lesmana Indra
Published: May 2024

Each schools have the autonomous right to manage and develop an independent curriculum according to its potential. However, the implementation of the independent learning curriculum is dependent on proper management at the school level, so there may be obstacles faced by schools in managing the independent learning curriculum. The purpose of this study is to investigate the concept and problems, as well as school strategies in managing an independent learning curriculum in laboratory schools. This research was studied qualitatively with a multi-site study design. Data collection was conducted through focus group discussions (FGDs) with semistructured interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data validity was checked using source triangulation, discussion among fellow researchers, and adequacy of reference materials. Data analysis techniques used constant comparative analysis. The results show that learning activities in the independent curriculum emphasize character education and the achievement of students' happiness in learning, and schools implement differentiated learning and simplify the values contained in P5 through projects and fun learning. This research contributes theoretically and practically, by complementing previous literature and can be a guide for school managers in order to ideally manage an independent curriculum.
Workshop training to facilitate parental involvement in their children’s mathematics education: parents’ perceptions
Authors: Thabologo Fine , Kesianye Sesutho Koketso
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of workshops on parental involvement in their children’s mathematical education. The study employed a quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. This study involved 76 parents from one senior secondary school in the Kweneng Region, Botswana. The study included three steps for data analysis: thematic content analysis, hypothesis testing, and descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that the parental involvement level before and after the intervention marked a difference with a significant increase. Parental involvement variables such as parenting style, parental expectations, home rules, parental supervision, communication between parents and children, children’s home mathematics activities, and parental attitude toward school all improved significantly. The findings further indicated that parental involvement in their child's general and mathematical learning can be improved. As a result, the study recommended that all basic education schools reach out to parents through parent education programs that can assist parents in understanding the value of being active in their children’s mathematics education, which will probably affect their education performance positively.
Schneeball-Wırbelgruppe learning model: improving students’ concept mastery and critical thinking
Authors: Akihary Wilma , Lestuny Carolina , Apituley Patresia S.
Published: May 2024

Good concept mastery through critical thinking using various approaches, models, strategies, and methods of learning German is essential for the Education 4.0 era. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the concept mastery and critical thinking skills of German language students at Pattimura University using collaborative learning that combines SchneeballWirbelgruppe learning. A one-group pretest-posttest design with a sample of 13 second-semester students in the academic year 2019/2020 was used. Furthermore, an essay test was used as an instrument while the data was analyzed using descriptive methods (N-gain test) and inferential methods (paired t-test). The descriptive analysis showed that the concept mastery and critical thinking skills of students were in the high and moderate categories. The paired t-test results showed a difference between the pretest and posttest using Schneeball-Wirbelgruppe learning model. Therefore, collaborative learning has a positive impact on improving students’ concept mastery and critical thinking skills in learning phonology and morphology courses. As for the implications of this research, the Schneeball-Wırbelgruppe learning model is recommended as a learning model that can be applied to other concepts in German language learning.
Children’s literacy skills development through non-formal education: a scoping review
Authors: Pek Lim Seong , Khusni Hafizah Kusnek , Yob Fatin Syamilah Che , Zaid Najimi Najiha Mohd , Ne'matullah Khairul Firdaus , Mee Rita Wong Mee , Azli Nur Syafiqah Saiful
Published: May 2024

The rapid advancement of technology in recent years has brought about profound changes in every aspect of our lives. Such technological advancement has impacted children in a digital age where technology permeates every facet of their existence, from education to entertainment and communication to socialization. The younger generations today appear deficient in motor, emotional, and social abilities. They appear to exhibit higher levels of aggression, anxiety, dependency, and reduced creativity. Integrating non-formal education into children’s learning aims to maximize enjoyment and engagement by capturing children’s interest and inspiring them to continue learning. Thus, non-formal education encompasses a spectrum of curricular activities in the natural environment outside of the school area. This scoping review aims to identify the focus skills development among primary school learners and how non-formal educational activities could boost learners’ learning ability. Four databases, including Scopus, web of science (WoS), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), and ScienceDirect, were used in this research, which found 36 articles for eligibility. Only 15 articles are eligible for analysis and reference after the exclusion and inclusion process for data collection. The findings show that non-formal education offers learners the opportunity to explore a multitude of interests beyond the structured confines of the classroom.
Caminhos de penetração da capitania de São Paulo
Authors: Reis Paulo Pereira dos
Published: May 2024

The São Paulo Village played a very important part as a irradiative center to the penetration and conquer of the Brazilian backwoods. It happened mainly because of its expedition in the direction of the west and Southern that were besides the “Tordesilhas” meridian. This historical dones were favored by São Paulo geographical situation, which was the first nucleus of the Portuguese settling, raised in the inland of Brazil. This became the man of São Paulo by his habitat the “bandeirante” beyond comparison. The conquer of the backwoods were in his historical destiny.There was nearly São Paulo the springs of the rivers “Paraíba do Sul” and “Tietê” that permitted to the “bandeirantes” the penetration down the river in the East—North and western directions. The Tietê river, admirable road, which propitiated the contacts with the Paraná River and the affluents of the Paraguai River, becomes detached in the exceptional geographical position of São Paulo Village. The expeditions for the capture of the indian  slaves and to look for metais and precious stones led the men of São Paulo to another ways in the backwoods which diffused from São Paulo to all the directions of the country. So São Paulo performed his historical destiny populating and enlarging considerably the Brazilian territory.
Catraias e catraieiros de Vicente de Carvalho
Authors: Tulik Olga
Published: May 2024

In the Baixada Santista, a sea levei area lying within the central portion of the State of São Paulo coastland, there still subsists a determined transportation means comprised of the so called catraias — a small outboard motor boat — which assure a daily commuting system for thousands of people between Vicente de Carvalho and Santos. This research is intended to disclose a commuting area and thus contribute towards showing the role and importance of the catraias and their operators in such back and forth or commuting activities.
A new species of freshwater crab, Demanietta moror, from a karst formation in southern Thailand (Brachyura, Potamidae)
Authors: Tan Zhi Wan , Lheknim Vachira , Ng Peter K. L.
Published: May 2024

A new species of potamid crab belonging to the genus Demanietta Bott, 1966 is described from a creek draining out of a karst formation associated with the Phuket Mountain Range in southern Thailand. Demanietta moror new species, belongs to a group of Demanietta species that has a relatively inflated and smooth carapace, and a male first gonopod that is weakly bent, appearing more vertically projected. It can be immediately distinguished from all congeners by its carapace, gonopod morphology and unique colour pattern in life.
A new species of freshwater crab, Sundathelphusa roberti (Brachyura, Gecarcinucidae) from highlands in Batangas, Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Ng Peter K. L. , Mendoza Jose C. E.
Published: May 2024

A new species of freshwater crab belonging to a group of species morphologically similar to Sundathelphusa philippina (Von Martens, 1868) is described from highlands in the province of Batangas, southern Luzon, Philippines. Sundathelphusa roberti new species, however, differs from members of this group by the position and strength of the epigastric and postorbital cristae, form of the posterior epistomal margin, shape of the third maxillipeds, and structure of the male first gonopod. The new taxon is the 35th species of Sundathelphusa known from the Philippines.
Inconsistent effects of environmental variations on body size and density of pillbugs, Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) (Isopoda, Oniscidea) in urban green spaces
Authors: Yang Li , Zhu Zhangyan , Wang Shuang , Li Hongshan , Ge Baoming
Published: May 2024

Urban green spaces offer opportunity to detect the response of species to environmental variations by exploring population density and body size variations. In May 2022, we collected pillbugs from five urban green spaces in Yancheng, Jiangsu, P.R. China. One-way ANOVA, principal component analysis, Cramer’s V. Mantel test and regression analysis were employed in this study. We found that the body size varied significantly among different urban spaces, while density did not. Most of the environmental properties were significantly different, except electrical conductivity and total nitrogen. The number of plant species and pH were distinguished as the main factors shaping the habitats. Body size related to the food resources, and density related to pH and vegetation coverage. Then body length and weight presented a significant positive correlation. A clumped distribution pattern of pillbugs was detected by Taylor’s and Iwao’s regressions. The environmental variations presented inconsistent effects on density and body size.
First occurrence of the family Botryllophilidae Sars G.O., 1921 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) in Sicily, central Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Lo Brutto S. , Badalucco A. , Musco L.
Published: May 2024

A female copepod specimen belonging to the family Botryllophilidae Sars G.O., 1921 was retrieved for the first time in December 2023 from nautical ropes of the tourist marina in Palermo (Cala Marina), near the commercial port of the city. The individual lacks many of the distinctive morpho-anatomical characteristics of the class Copepoda, as usual in cyclopoid parasites. In this group, females typically carry paired multiseriate egg sacs, which are extruded from the genital openings and lead to taxonomic identification. The family is commonly associated with tunicates. There are few reports of commensal and/or parasitic copepods associated with sea squirts in the Mediterranean Sea. This record cannot be treated as a new non-indigenous species for the Italian coasts yet, as there are no extensive studies on the distribution of the taxon.
Association between mechanical power during one-lung ventilation and pulmonary complications after thoracoscopic lung resection surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Liu Hong-Mei , Zhang Gong-Wei , Yu Hong , Li Xue-Fei , Yu Hai
Published: May 2024

Background

The role of mechanical power on pulmonary outcomes after thoracic surgery with one-lung ventilation was unclear. We investigated the association between mechanical power and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung resection surgery.

Methods

In this single-center, prospective observational study, 622 patients scheduled for thoracoscopic lung resection surgery were included. Volume control mode with lung protective ventilation strategies were implemented in all participants. The primary endpoint was a composite of postoperative pulmonary complications during hospital stay. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between mechanical power and outcomes.

Results

The incidence of pulmonary complications after surgery during hospital stay was 24.6% (150 of 609 patients). The multivariable analysis showed that there was no link between mechanical power and postoperative pulmonary complications.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung resection with standardized lung-protective ventilation, no association was found between mechanical power and postoperative pulmonary complications.

Trial registration

Trial registration number: ChiCTR2200058528, date of registration: April 10, 2022.
Associations between OGTT results during pregnancy and offspring TSH levels: a birth cohort study
Authors: Yang Meng , Cao Zhongqiang , Zhu Wanting , Feng Xiaoyuan , Zhou Jieqiong , Liu Jiuying , Zhong Yuanyuan , Zhou Yan , Mei Hong , Cai Xiaonan , Hu Liqin , Zhou Aifen , Xiao Han
Published: May 2024

Background

Limited evidence exists regarding the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in newborns. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential risk of elevated TSH levels in infants exposed to maternal GDM, considering the type and number of abnormal values obtained from the 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Methods

A population-based, prospective birth cohort study was conducted in Wuhan, China. The study included women who underwent GDM screening using a 75-g OGTT. Neonatal TSH levels were measured via a time-resolved immunofluorescence assay. We estimated and stratified the overall risk (adjusted Risk Ratio [RR]) of elevated TSH levels (defined as TSH > 10 mIU/L or > 20 mIU/L) in offspring based on the type and number of abnormal OGTT values.

Results

Out of 15,236 eligible mother-offspring pairs, 11.5% (1,753) of mothers were diagnosed with GDM. Offspring born to women diagnosed with GDM demonstrated a statistically significant elevation in TSH levels when compared to offspring of non-GDM mothers, with a mean difference of 0.20 [95% CI: 0.04–0.36]. The incidence of elevated TSH levels (TSH > 10 mIU/L) in offspring of non-GDM women was 6.3 per 1,000 live births. Newborns exposed to mothers with three abnormal OGTT values displayed an almost five-fold increased risk of elevated TSH levels (adjusted RR 4.77 [95% CI 1.64–13.96]). Maternal fasting blood glucose was independently and positively correlated with neonatal TSH levels and elevated TSH status (TSH > 20 mIU/L).

Conclusions

For newborns of women with GDM, personalized risk assessment for elevated TSH levels can be predicated on the type and number of abnormal OGTT values. Furthermore, fasting blood glucose emerges as a critical predictive marker for elevated neonatal TSH status.
Deep learning for determining the difficulty of endodontic treatment: a pilot study
Authors: Karkehabadi Hamed , Khoshbin Elham , Ghasemi Nikoo , Mahavi Amal , Mohammad-Rahimi Hossein , Sadr Soroush
Published: May 2024

Background

To develop and validate a deep learning model for automated assessment of endodontic case difficulty from periapical radiographs.

Methods

A dataset of 1,386 periapical radiographs was compiled from two clinical sites. Two dentists and two endodontists annotated the radiographs for difficulty using the “simple assessment” criteria from the American Association of Endodontists’ case difficulty assessment form in the Endocase application. A classification task labeled cases as “easy” or “hard”, while regression predicted overall difficulty scores. Convolutional neural networks (i.e. VGG16, ResNet18, ResNet50, ResNext50, and Inception v2) were used, with a baseline model trained via transfer learning from ImageNet weights. Other models was pre-trained using self-supervised contrastive learning (i.e. BYOL, SimCLR, MoCo, and DINO) on 20,295 unlabeled dental radiographs to learn representation without manual labels. Both models were evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation, with performance compared to seven human examiners (three general dentists and four endodontists) on a hold-out test set.

Results

The baseline VGG16 model attained 87.62% accuracy in classifying difficulty. Self-supervised pretraining did not improve performance. Regression predicted scores with ± 3.21 score error. All models outperformed human raters, with poor inter-examiner reliability.

Conclusion

This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of automated endodontic difficulty assessment via deep learning models.
Integrated analysis reveals critical cisplatin-resistance regulators E2F7 contributed to tumor progression and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mao Xiaomin , Xu Shumin , Wang Huan , Xiao Peng , Li Shumin , Wu Jiaji , Sun Junhui , Jin Cheng , Shen Mo , Shi Yueli , Tang Bufu , Yang Ying , Chen Weiyu , Xu Zhiyong , Xu Yun
Published: May 2024

Background

Drug resistance poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment, particularly as a leading cause of therapy failure. Cisplatin, the primary drug for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) chemotherapy, shows effective treatment outcomes. However, the development of resistance against cisplatin is a major obstacle. Therefore, identifying genes resistant to cisplatin and adopting personalized treatment could significantly improve patient outcomes.

Methods

By examining transcriptome data of cisplatin-resistant LUAD cells from the GEO database, 181 genes associated with cisplatin resistance were identified. Using univariate regression analysis, random forest and multivariate regression analyses, two prognostic genes, E2F7 and FAM83A, were identified. This study developed a prognostic model utilizing E2F7 and FAM83A as key indicators. The Cell Counting Kit 8 assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of E2F7 on the proliferation, migration, invasiveness and apoptosis of A549/PC9 cells. Western blotting was used to determine the effect of E2F7 on AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Results

This study has pinpointed two crucial genes associated with cisplatin resistance, E2F7 and FAM83A, and developed a comprehensive model to assist in the diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of relapse risk in LUAD. Analysis revealed that patients at higher risk, according to these genetic markers, had elevated levels of immune checkpoints (PD-L1 and PD-L2). The prognostic and diagnosis values of E2F7 and FAM83A were further confirmed in clinical data. Furthermore, inhibiting E2F7 in lung cancer cells markedly reduced their proliferation, migration, invasion, and increased apoptosis. In vivo experiments corroborated these findings, showing reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis upon E2F7 suppression in lung cancer models.

Conclusion

Our study affirms the prognostic value of a model based on two DEGs, offering a reliable method for predicting the success of tumor immunotherapy in patients with LUAD. The diagnostic and predictive model based on these genes demonstrates excellent performance. In vitro, reducing E2F7 levels shows antitumor effects by blocking LUAD growth and progression. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms has highlighted E2F7’s effect on the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, underscoring its therapeutic potential. In the era of personalized medicine, this DEG-based model promises to guide clinical practice.
Correlation of FMR4 expression levels to ovarian reserve markers in FMR1 premutation carriers
Authors: Agusti Ines , Alvarez-Mora Maria Isabel , Wijngaard Robin , Borras Aina , Barcos Tamara , Peralta Sara , Guimera Marta , Goday Anna , Manau Dolors , Rodriguez-Revenga Laia
Published: May 2024

Background

Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI), characterized by amenorrhea before age 40 years, occurs in 20% of female FMR1 premutation carriers. Presently, there are no molecular or biomarkers that can help predicting which FMR1 premutation women will develop FXPOI. We previously demonstrated that high FMR4 levels can discriminate between FMR1 premutation carriers with and without FXPOI. In the present study the relationship between the expression levels of FMR4 and the ovarian reserve markers was assessed in female FMR1 premutation carriers under age of 35 years.

Methods

We examined the association between FMR4 transcript levels and the measures of total antral follicle count (AFC) and serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels as markers of ovarian follicle reserve.

Results

Results revealed a negative association between FMR4 levels and AMH (r = 0.45) and AFC (r = 0.64). Statistically significant higher FMR4 transcript levels were found among those FMR1 premutation women with both, low AFCs and AMH levels.

Conclusions

These findings reinforce previous studies supporting the association between high levels of FMR4 and the risk of developing FXPOI in FMR1 premutation carriers.
A treadmill running research protocol to assess dynamic visual acuity and balance for athletes with and without recent concussion history
Authors: Mitchell Katelyn M. , Dalton Kristine N. , Cinelli Michael E.
Published: May 2024

Athletes interpret dynamic visual scenes quickly and accurately during physical exertion. It is important to understand how increased exertion may impact vision and cognition following sport-related concussion (SRC).

Purpose To examine the effect of a treadmill running research protocol on the assessment of dynamic visual acuity (DVA) and balance for athletes with and without recent history of SRC.

Methods Varsity athletes following recent SRC (CONC=12) were compared to athletes without SRC (ATHLETE=19). The DVA task presented a Tumbling ‘E’ target in four possible orientations during random walk (RW) or horizontal (H) motion at a speed of 30°/s. Participants performed DVA trials standing on a force plate (1000Hz) at four time points: 1) pre-exercise (PRE-EX), 2) immediately (POST1), 3) 10-minutes (POST10), and 4) 20-minutes post- exercise (POST20). Performance was calculated as a change in DVA score from PRE-EX and median response time (RT, ms). Balance control was analyzed using the root mean square of centre of pressure displacement (dCOP).

Results Both groups maintained DVA scores for both motion types and exhibited immediate exercise-induced benefits on RT. Both groups had similar change in balance control strategy following treadmill exercise.

Conclusion Both groups elicited similar exercise-induced benefits on DVA following exercise. A repeated measures assessment following vigorous exercise may provide meaningful insights about visual and neurocognitive functions for athletes returning to sport following concussion.
Large congenital cervical mass in a neonate: prenatal diagnosis and postnatal management of teratoma: a case report
Authors: Ziyaee Fateme , Forooghi Mehdi , Geramizadeh Bita , Fatemian Hossein , Ghasemian Mehdi
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Cervical teratomas are rare congenital neoplasms that can cause neonatal airway obstruction if large.

Case presentation

The female Persian neonate displayed respiratory distress at birth, with a 7 cm × 8 cm cystic solid mass identified on the left side of the neck. Antenatal ultrasonography revealed polyhydramnios. Despite initial stabilization, the infant required intubation and mechanical ventilation due to persistent respiratory distress. Imaging confirmed a cystic mass compressing the trachea, ruling out cystic hygroma. Surgical resection on postnatal day 17 revealed a 10 cm × 10 cm solid cystic structure, histologically identified as an immature teratoma.

Conclusion

Despite risks of poor fetal and postnatal outcome from large cervical teratomas, early surgical resection after airway stabilization can result in recovery. Proper multidisciplinary management of respiratory distress from such tumors is paramount.
On qualitative analysis of a fractional hybrid Langevin differential equation with novel boundary conditions
Authors: Ali Gohar , Khan Rahman Ullah , Kamran  , Aloqaily Ahmad , Mlaiki Nabil
Published: May 2024

A hybrid system interacts with the discrete and continuous dynamics of a physical dynamical system. The notion of a hybrid system gives embedded control systems a great advantage. The Langevin differential equation can accurately depict many physical phenomena and help researchers effectively represent anomalous diffusion. This paper considers a fractional hybrid Langevin differential equation, including the ψ-Caputo fractional operator. Furthermore, some novel boundaries selected are considered to be a problem. We used the Schauder and Banach fixed-point theorems to prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the considered problem. Additionally, the Ulam-Hyer stability is evaluated. Finally, we present a representative example to verify the theoretical outcomes of our findings.
Comparison of preoperative NT-proBNP and simple cardiac risk scores for predicting postoperative morbidity after non-cardiac surgery with intermediate or high surgical risk
Authors: Schmidt Götz , Frieling Nora , Schneck Emmanuel , Habicher Marit , Koch Christian , Aßmus Birgit , Sander Michael
Published: May 2024

Background

Chronic heart failure (HF) is frequent in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Preoperative risk stratification is vital and can be achieved using simple clinical risk scores or preoperative N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurement. This study aimed to compare the predictivity of the revised cardiac risk index (RCRI), the American University of Beirut cardiovascular risk index (AUB-HAS2), and a score proposed by Andersson et al. for postoperative 30-day morbidity to preoperative NT-proBNP.

Methods

Preoperative NT-proBNP was measured in 199 consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 years undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery with intermediate or high surgical risk. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) for the composite morbidity endpoint (CME) comprising the incidence of any rehospitalisation, acute decompensated HF, acute kidney injury, and any infection at postoperative day 30 were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis derived new scores from the simple risk scores and the NT-proBNP cut-off of 450 pg/mL.

Results

AUB-HAS2, but not RCRI or Andersson score, significantly predicted the CME (AUB-HAS2: AUCROC 0.646, p < 0.001; RCRI: AUCROC 0.560, p = 0.126; Andersson: AUCROC 0.487, p = 0.760). The AUCROC was comparable between preoperative NT-proBNP (0.679, p < 0.001) and AUB-HAS2 (p = 0.334). Multivariable analyses revealed a preoperative NT-proBNP ≥ 450 pg/mL to be the strongest predictor of CME among the individual score components (p < 0.001). Adding preoperative NT-proBNP improved the predictive value of AUB-HAS2 and RCRI (modified AUB-HAS2: AUCROC 0.703, p < 0.001; modified RCRI: AUCROC 0.679, p < 0.001; both p < 0.001 vs original scores). The predictive value of the modified RCRI and AUB-HAS2 was comparable to preoperative NT-proBNP alone (p = 0.988 vs modified RCRI, p = 0.367 vs modified AUB-HAS2).

Conclusions

The predictive value of postoperative morbidity varies significantly between the available simple perioperative risk scores and can be enhanced by preoperative NT-proBNP. New scores, including preoperative NT-proBNP, should be evaluated in large multicentre cohorts.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00027871.