bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recontextualizing Barstool Sports and Misogyny in Online US Sports Media
Authors: Garcia Christopher J. , Proffitt Jennifer M.
Published: November 2021

This critical qualitative case study interrogates the roles Barstool Sports and its founder, Dave Portnoy, serve in reaffirming the narrative power of conservative cultural ideology in mainstream US sports media. Portnoy’s targeted harassment of female journalists is analyzed as examples of how the outlet alienates critics of heteronormative, hypermasculine discourse within relevant cultural arenas in digital sports media. To examine how the company deflects criticisms of misogyny, we explore Barstool Chicks—an alternative version of the company’s website targeting female audiences. Resultantly, Barstool and Portnoy undermine the potential for feminist-driven narratives in sports media and contribute to the normalization of repressive conditions within cultural industries that perpetuates the continued dominance of conservative ideology.
Actinomycotic Abscess of Thyroid Gland in a 3-Year-Old Child
Authors: Pitekova Barbora , Kralik Robert , Kunzo Samuel , Bojnansky Jaroslav , Podracka Ludmila
Published: November 2021

Actinomycosis is an atypical cause of infection in the head and neck area, especially in children. A rare incidence of actinomycosis, its nonspecific clinical signs that mimic other pathological conditions, as well as a complicated identification of microorganism lead to diagnostic delays in clinical practice. Besides an accurate diagnosis, it is of an utmost importance to pinpoint relevant predisposing factors, which might result in the infection. We present a clinical case of actinomycotic infection of the thyroid gland in the pediatric patient at our department.
Meniscal Extrusion: A Narrative Review
Authors: Gajjar Shreyash M. , Solanki Ketansinh P. , Shanmugasundaram Saseendar , Kambhampati Srinivas B.S.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Meniscal extrusion, referred to as an external displacement of the meniscus, is a commonly encountered but often overlooked magnetic resonance imaging finding in the knee joint. Meniscal extrusion alters the biomechanical properties of the meniscus, leading to accelerated cartilage degeneration and early osteoarthritic changes. The literature contains discrepancies about meniscal extrusion on topics ranging from definition to diagnosis. This narrative review outlines the pathogenesis, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment of meniscal extrusion.

Purpose:

To review the current literature on meniscal extrusion, from pathogenesis to treatment, and to provide recommendations for future research.

Study Design:

Narrative review.

Methods:

A computer-based search of the PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane Library databases was used to perform a comprehensive literature review on meniscal extrusion. A total of 81 studies was ultimately included in the review.

Results:

The literature review highlighted the current ambiguity in definition, difficulty in clinical diagnosis, and low level of awareness of this condition. This review covers all aspects related to meniscal extrusion and identifies many of its lesser known aspects.

Conclusion:

In the current literature, meniscal extrusion remains a lesser known albeit common condition because of its relatively silent nature along with lack of knowledge among orthopaedic surgeons. Further studies are warranted to provide better understanding and management of this condition.
Students Learning About Science by Investigating an Unfolding Pandemic
Authors: Matuk Camillia , Martin Rebecca , Vasudevan Veena , Burgas Kim , Chaloner Kim , Davidesco Ido , Sadhukha Sushmita , Shevchenko Yury , Bumbacher Engin , Dikker Suzanne
Published: November 2021

We explored the COVID-19 pandemic as a context for learning about the role of science in a global health crisis. In spring 2020, at the beginning of the first pandemic-related lockdown, we worked with a high school teacher to design and implement a unit on human brain and behavior science. The unit guided her 17 students in creating studies that explored personally relevant questions about the pandemic to contribute to a citizen science platform. Pre-/postsurveys, student artifacts, and student and teacher interviews showed increases in students’ fascination with science—a driver of engagement and career preference—and sense of agency as citizen scientists. Students approached science as a tool for addressing their pandemic-related concerns but were hampered by the challenges of remote schooling. These findings highlight both the opportunities of learning from a global crisis, and the need to consider how that crisis is still affecting learners.
Exploring Clinical Practice and Developing Clinician Self-Reflection Through Cross Self-Confrontation Methodology: An Application Within an Addiction Medicine Unit
Authors: Paroz Sophie , Daeppen Jean-Bernard , Monnat Martine , Saraga Michael , Panese Francesco
Published: November 2021

Use of the methodology of cross self-confrontation (CSC) is limited in the field of healthcare and in the context of clinical practice. We applied this methodology within an addiction medicine unit of a university hospital, as part of an exploration of addiction-related clinical difficulties. Cross self-confrontation was used according to a 3-phase design based on video recorded clinical interviews with pairs of nurses and medical doctors. The article reports and discusses the application of CSC in a specific clinical context and illustrates the methodological process through one result. Findings suggest two major strengths of CSC in the context of clinical practice research and education: (1) the capacity to elicit tacit knowledge from daily clinical practice and (2) the ability to enhance self-reflection by questioning professionals both individually and collectively. Further use of CSC in nursing surroundings and clinical settings should be encouraged.
Vesicular trafficking is a key determinant of the statin response in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Krosl Jana , Bordeleau Marie-Eve , Moison Céline , MacRae Tara , Boivin Isabel , Mayotte Nadine , Gracias Deanne , Baccelli Irène , Lavallée Vincent-Philippe , Bisaillon Richard , Lehnertz Bernhard , Mendoza-Sanchez Rodrigo , Ruel Réjean , Bertomeu Thierry , Coulombe-Huntington Jasmin , Boucher Geneviève , Noronha Nandita , Pabst Caroline , Tyers Mike , Gendron Patrick , Lemieux Sébastien , Barabé Frédéric , Marinier Anne , Hébert Josée , Sauvageau Guy
Published: November 2021

Cholesterol homeostasis has been proposed as one mechanism contributing to chemoresistance in AML and hence, inclusion of statins in therapeutic regimens as part of clinical trials in AML has shown encouraging results. Chemical screening of primary human AML specimens by our group led to the identification of lipophilic statins as potent inhibitors of AMLs from a wide range of cytogenetic groups. Genetic screening to identify modulators of the statin response uncovered the role of protein geranylgeranylation and of RAB proteins, coordinating various aspect of vesicular trafficking, in mediating the effects of statins on AML cell viability. We further show that statins can inhibit vesicle-mediated transport in primary human specimens, and that statins sensitive samples show expression signatures reminiscent of enhanced vesicular trafficking. Overall, this study sheds light into the mechanism of action of statins in AML and identifies a novel vulnerability for cytogenetically diverse AML.
Phosphoproteome analysis reveals the involvement of protein dephosphorylation in ethylene-induced corolla senescence in petunia
Authors: Zhong Shiwei , Sang Lina , Zhao Zhixia , Deng Ying , Liu Haitao , Yu Yixun , Liu Juanxu
Published: November 2021

Background

Senescence represents the last stage of flower development. Phosphorylation is the key posttranslational modification that regulates protein functions, and kinases may be more required than phosphatases during plant growth and development. However, little is known about global phosphorylation changes during flower senescence.

Results

In this work, we quantitatively investigated the petunia phosphoproteome following ethylene or air treatment. In total, 2170 phosphosites in 1184 protein groups were identified, among which 2059 sites in 1124 proteins were quantified. To our surprise, treatment with ethylene resulted in 697 downregulated and only 117 upregulated phosphosites using a 1.5-fold threshold (FDR < 0.05), which showed that ethylene negatively regulates global phosphorylation levels and that phosphorylation of many proteins was not necessary during flower senescence. Phosphoproteome analysis showed that ethylene regulates ethylene and ABA signalling transduction pathways via phosphorylation levels. One of the major targets of ethylene-induced dephosphorylation is the plant mRNA splicing machinery, and ethylene treatment increases the number of alternative splicing events of precursor RNAs in petunia corollas.

Conclusions

Protein dephosphorylation could play an important role in ethylene-induced senescence, and ethylene treatment increased the number of AS precursor RNAs in petunia corollas.
The opinions and experiences of nurses on frailty screening among older hospitalized patients. An exploratory study
Authors: Warnier Ron M. J. , van Rossum Erik , Du Moulin Monique F. M. T. , van Lottum Marjolein , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Kempen Gertrudis I. J. M.
Published: November 2021

Background

Routine screening for frailty at admission by nurses may be useful to detect geriatric risks and problems at an early stage. However, the added value of this screening is not clear yet. Information about the opinions and attitudes of nurses towards this screening is also lacking. As they have a crucial role in conducting this screening, an exploratory study was performed to examine hospital nurses’ opinions and perspectives about this screening and how it influences their daily work.

Methods

A qualitative, exploratory approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with 13 nurses working on different general medical wards (surgical and internal medicine) in three Dutch hospitals. Frailty screening had been implemented for several years in these hospitals.

Results

The participating nurses reported that frailty screening can be useful to structure their work, create more awareness of frail older patients and as starting point for pro-active nursing care. At the same time, they assess their clinical view as more important than the results of a standard screening tool. The nurses hardly used the overall screening scores, but were particularly interested in information regarding specific items, such as delirium or fall risk. Screening results are partly embedded systematically and in daily nursing care, e.g., in team briefings or during transfer of patients to other wards. The majority of the nurses had received little training about the background of frailty screening and the use of screening tools.

Conclusions

Most nurses stated that frailty screening tools are helpful in daily practice. However, nurses did not use the frailty screening tools in the referred way; tools were particularly used to evaluate patients on separate items of the tool instead of the summative score of the tool. When frailty screening tools are implemented in daily practice, training needs to be focused on. Additional research in this field is necessary to gain more insight into nurses’ opinions on frailty screening.
Does the family affluence scale reflect actual parental earned income, level of education and occupational status? A validation study using register data in Sweden
Authors: Corell Maria , Chen Yun , Friberg Peter , Petzold Max , Löfstedt Petra
Published: November 2021

Aim

To examine the external validity of the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) among adolescents in Sweden by using register data for parental earned income, level of education and occupational status.

Methods

Data from the baseline (2015–2019) of the Study of Adolescence Resilience and Stress (STARS), comprising 2283 13-year-olds in the region of Västra Götaland, were used. The FAS III consists of six items: unshared bedroom, car ownership, computer/tablet ownership, dishwasher, number of bathrooms and number of holidays abroad. Register data regarding earned income, educational level and occupational status from Statistics Sweden (2014–2018) were linked to adolescents. In total, survey data were available for 2280 adolescents, and register data were available for 2258 mothers and 2204 fathers.

Results

Total parental earned income was moderately correlated with adolescents’ scoring on FAS (0.31 < r < 0.48, p < 0.001), depending on examination year. The low FAS group mainly comprised low-income households, and the high FAS group mainly comprised high-income households. Correlations between mothers’ and fathers’ educational level and adolescents’ scoring on FAS were low (r = 0.19 and r = 0.21, respectively, p < 0.001). FAS was higher among adolescents whose parents were working, but the correlation between parents’ occupational status and FAS was low (r = 0.22, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The FAS can mainly identify low- and high-income households in Sweden. It may be used as an alternative measure of parental earned income in studies using self-reported socioeconomic status among adolescents.
Incisional paresthesia following clavicle plate fixation: does it matter to patients?
Authors: Lemieux Valérie , Afsharpour Soheil , Nam Diane , Elmaraghy Amr
Published: November 2021

Background

Operative management of clavicle fractures is increasingly common. In the context of explaining the risks and benefits of surgery, understanding the impact of incisional numbness as it relates to the patient experience is key to shared decision making. This study aims to determine the prevalence, extent, and recovery of sensory changes associated with supraclavicular nerve injury after open reduction and plate internal fixation of middle or lateral clavicle shaft fractures.

Methods

Eighty-six patients were identified retrospectively and completed a patient experience survey assessing sensory symptoms, perceived post-operative function, and satisfaction. Correlations between demographic factors and outcomes, as well as subgroup analyses were completed to identify factors impacting patient satisfaction.

Results

Ninety percent of patients experienced sensory changes post-operatively. Numbness was the most common symptom (64%) and complete resolution occurred in 32% of patients over an average of 19 months. Patients who experienced burning were less satisfied overall with the outcome of their surgery whereas those who were informed of the risk of sensory changes pre-operatively were more satisfied overall.

Conclusions

Post-operative sensory disturbance is common. While most patients improve, some symptoms persist in the majority of patients without significant negative effects on satisfaction. Patients should always be advised of the risk of persistent sensory alterations around the surgical site to increase the likelihood of their satisfaction post-operatively.
Dysregulated expression levels of APH1B in peripheral blood are associated with brain atrophy and amyloid-β deposition in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Park Young Ho , Pyun Jung-Min , Hodges Angela , Jang Jae-Won , Bice Paula J. , Kim SangYun , Saykin Andrew J. , Nho Kwangsik ,   for the AddNeuroMed consortium and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2021

Background

The interaction between the brain and periphery might play a crucial role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods

Using blood transcriptomic profile data from two independent AD cohorts, we performed expression quantitative trait locus (cis-eQTL) analysis of 29 significant genetic loci from a recent large-scale genome-wide association study to investigate the effects of the AD genetic variants on gene expression levels and identify their potential target genes. We then performed differential gene expression analysis of identified AD target genes and linear regression analysis to evaluate the association of differentially expressed genes with neuroimaging biomarkers.

Results

Acis-eQTL analysis identified and replicated significant associations in seven genes (APH1B,BIN1,FCER1G,GATS,MS4A6A,RABEP1,TRIM4).APH1Bexpression levels in the blood increased in AD and were associated with entorhinal cortical thickness and global cortical amyloid-β deposition.

Conclusion

An integrative analysis of genetics, blood-based transcriptomic profiles, and imaging biomarkers suggests thatAPH1Bexpression levels in the blood might play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Impact of diagnostic errors on adverse outcomes: learning from emergency department revisits with repeat CT or MRI
Authors: Ahn Yura , Hong Gil-Sun , Park Kye Jin , Lee Choong Wook , Lee Ju Hee , Kim Seon-Ok
Published: November 2021

Background

To investigate diagnostic errors and their association with adverse outcomes (AOs) during patient revisits with repeat imaging (RVRIs) in the emergency department (ED).

Results

Diagnostic errors stemming from index imaging studies and AOs within 30 days in 1054 RVRIs (≤ 7 days) from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed according to revisit timing (early [≤ 72 h] or late [> 72 h to 7 days] RVRIs). Risk factors for AOs were assessed using multivariable logistic analysis. The AO rate in the diagnostic error group was significantly higher than that in the non-error group (33.3% [77 of 231] vs. 14.8% [122 of 823], p < .001). The AO rate was the highest in early revisits within 72 h if diagnostic errors occurred (36.2%, 54 of 149). The most common diseases associated with diagnostic errors were digestive diseases in the radiologic misdiagnosis category (47.5%, 28 of 59) and neurologic diseases in the delayed radiology reporting time (46.8%, 29 of 62) and clinician error (27.3%, 30 of 110) categories. In the matched set of the AO and non-AO groups, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the following diagnostic errors contributed to AO occurrence: radiologic error (odds ratio [OR] 3.56; p < .001) in total RVRIs, radiologic error (OR 3.70; p = .001) and clinician error (OR 4.82; p = .03) in early RVRIs, and radiologic error (OR 3.36; p = .02) in late RVRIs.

Conclusion

Diagnostic errors in index imaging studies are strongly associated with high AO rates in RVRIs in the ED.
Differential hippocampal protein expression between normal mice and mice with the perioperative neurocognitive disorder: a proteomic analysis
Authors: Li Chuan , Li Jingzhu , Tao He , Shan Jinghua , Liu Fanghao , Deng Xiyuan , Lin Yanan , Lin Xu , Fu Li , Wang Bin , Bi Yanlin
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To compare differential expression protein in hippocampal tissues from mice of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) and normal control mice and to explore the possible mechanism of PND.

Methods

Mice were randomly divided into a PND group (n = 9) and a control group (n = 9).The mice in the PND group were treated with open tibial fracture with intramedullary fixation under isoflurane anesthesia, while the mice in the control group received pure oxygen without surgery. The cognitive functions of the two groups were examined using Morris water maze experiment, Open field test and Fear conditioning test. The protein expression of the hippocampus of mice was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore the principal functions of dysregulated proteins.

Results

A total of 21 proteins were differentially expressed between PND and control mice on days 1, 3, and 7 after the operation. These proteins were involved in many pathological processes, such as neuroinflammatory responses, mitochondrial oxidative stress, impaired synaptic plasticity, and neuronal cell apoptosis. Also, the dysregulated proteins were involved in MAPK, AMPK, and ErbB signaling pathways.

Conclusion

The occurrence of PND could be attributed to multiple mechanisms.
TP53 wild-type/PPM1D mutant diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas are sensitive to a MDM2 antagonist
Authors: Xu Cheng , Liu Heng , Pirozzi Christopher J. , Chen Lee H. , Greer Paula K. , Diplas Bill H. , Zhang Liwei , Waitkus Matthew S. , He Yiping , Yan Hai
Published: November 2021

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are high-grade tumors of the brainstem that often occur in children, with a median overall survival of less than one year. Given the fact that DIPGs are resistant to chemotherapy and are not amenable to surgical resection, it is imperative to develop new therapeutic strategies for this deadly disease. The p53 pathway is dysregulated byTP53(~ 60%) orPPM1Dgain-of-function mutations (~ 30%) in DIPG cases. PPM1D gain-of-function mutations suppress p53 activity and result in DIPG tumorigenesis. While MDM2 is a major negative regulator of p53, the efficacy of MDM2 inhibitor has not been tested in DIPG preclinical models. In this study, we performed a comprehensive validation of MDM2 inhibitor RG7388 in patient-derived DIPG cell lines established from bothTP53wild-type/PPM1D-mutant andTP53mutant/PPM1Dwild-type tumors, as well inTP53knockout isogenic DIPG cell line models. RG7388 selectively inhibited the proliferation of theTP53wild-type/PPM1Dmutant DIPG cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The anti-proliferative effects were p53-dependent. RNA-Seq data showed that differential gene expression induced by RG7388 treatment was enriched in the p53 pathways. RG7388 reactivated the p53 pathway and induced apoptosis as well as G1 arrest. In vivo, RG7388 was able to reach the brainstem and exerted therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic DIPG xenograft model. Hence, this study demonstrates the pre-clinical efficacy potential of RG7388 in theTP53wild-type/PPM1Dmutant DIPG subgroup and may provide critical insight on the design of future clinical trials applying this drug in DIPG patients.
In vitro antidermatophytic activity of bioactive compounds from selected medicinal plants
Authors: Savarirajan Daisy , Ramesh V. M. , Muthaiyan Arunachalam
Published: November 2021

Fungal infections are among the most difficult diseases to manage in humans. Eukaryotic fungal pathogens share many similarities with their host cells, which impairs the development of antifungal compounds. Therefore, it is desirable to harness the pharmaceutical potential of medicinal plants for antifungal drug discovery. In this study, the antifungal activity of sixteen plant extracts was investigated against selected dermatophytic fungi. Of the sixteen plants, the cladode (leaf) ofAsparagus racemosus,and seed extract ofCassia occidentalisshowed antifungal activity againstMicrosporum gypseum,Microsporum nanum,Trichophyton mentagrophytesandTrichophyton terrestre. The plant antifungal compounds were located by direct bioassay againstCladosporium herbarum.IR and NMR spectrometry analyses of these compounds identified the presence of saponin (inA. racemosus) and hydroxy anthraquinone (inC. occidentalis) in these antifungal compounds. The antidermatophytic activity of plant anthraquinone and saponins with reports of little or no hemolytic activity, makes these compounds ideal for alternative antifungal therapy and warrants further in-depth investigation in vivo.
Removal of hematoma due to massive hemoptysis after transbronchial biopsy: a case report
Authors: Ueno Harushi , Tsubouchi Hideki , Nakanishi Keita , Sugiyama Tomoshi , Kadomatsu Yuka , Goto Masaki , Ozeki Naoki , Nakamura Shota , Fukui Takayuki , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi
Published: November 2021

Background

Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening complication after transbronchial biopsy (TBB). Reports on massive hemoptysis occurring several days after TBB are scarce.

Case presentation

A 62-year-old man presented with massive hemoptysis and was admitted to hospital as an emergency on the eighth day after TBB. On the 12th day after TBB, computed tomography showed complete atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes. The patient underwent emergent right upper lobectomy. The right upper lobe bronchus was separated with a scalpel, the hematoma was pulled out with forceps, and the bronchus subsequently sutured shut. The patient was discharged from the hospital uneventfully.

Conclusions

We experienced a case of massive hemoptysis on the eighth day after TBB, which required emergency surgery due to persistent bleeding into the airway and airway obstruction during follow-up. Postoperative pneumonia and atelectasis could be prevented by manual removal of the residual hematoma.
The application of close incisional negative pressure wound therapy in revision arthroplasty among asian patients: a comparative study
Authors: Chan Ping Keung , Fung Wing Chiu , Lam Kar Hei , Chan Winnie , Chan Vincent Wai Kwan , Fu Henry , Cheung Amy , Cheung Man Hong , Yan Chun Hoi , Chiu Kwong Yuen
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) was one of the main causes of revision of arthroplasty. In order to reduce wound complications and surgical site infections, close incisional negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) has been introduced into arthroplasty. This study was designed to review the clinical benefits of the application of ciNPWT in revision arthroplasty.

Methods

This was a single-centre retrospective comparative study approved by the Institutional Review Board. Patients, who underwent revision total knee arthroplasty or revision total hip arthroplasty at the author’s institution from January 2016 to October 2019, were included in this study. The ciNPWT cohort included all eligible patients, who underwent operations from January 2018 to October 2019, with the use of ciNPWT(n = 36). The control cohort included all eligible patients, who underwent operations from January 2016 to December 2017 with the use of conventional dressing(n = 48). The incidences of wound complications were compared to both cohorts.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of superficial surgical site infection (SSI) between control cohort and ciNPWT cohort (12.5% in control vs 0% in ciNPWT, p = 0.035). However, there was no statistically significance of the overall wound complication rate for both cohorts. (14.6% in control vs 8.3% in ciNPWT, p = 0.504).

Conclusions

The application of ciNPWT could result in a lower rate of superficial surgical site infection when compared with conventional dressing among the patients undergoing revision total knee and total hip arthroplasties.

Trial registration

UW19-706
Effects of manual hyperinflation with rib cage compression and endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gas parameters in mechanically ventilated patients at a university hospital, Egypt
Authors: Khalil Nahla Shaaban , Ismaeel Manal Sayed , Askar Ahmed Hassan , Sayed Mohamed Soliman
Published: November 2021

Background

Manual hyperinflation and expiratory rib cage compression are methods of chest physiotherapy. They are commonly applied but their value and their early utilization managing mechanically ventilated remain questionable. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of manual hyperinflation with rib cage compression and endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gas parameters in mechanically ventilated patients.

Results

Seventy mechanically ventilated patients at a teaching hospital in Egypt were assigned to the clinical trial study. The age of more than half of the studied samples ranged between 60 and 69 years with a mean age of 53.64 ± 16.44 years. Initially, the ABG parameters were assessed. Then, the patients were exposed to manual hyperinflation for 5 min and 20 min external expiratory chest compression followed by endotracheal suctioning. Later, ABG parameters were assessed again and compared to the initial one. The findings revealed significant differences in ABG parameters before and after completion of MHI and ERCC and ETT suctioning in relation to PaO2 (t = 3.892) and SaO2 (t= 5.904). Also, it showed significant improvement in PaO2 and SaO2 after the completion of interventions, while no significant differences were found in other ABG parameters. This study was registered retrospectively with an ISRCTN number 39983 on 5/6/2021.

Conclusion

Applying manual hyperinflation with rib cage compression and endotracheal suctioning improved mainly the arterial oxygenation parameters in mechanically ventilated patients despite no significant changes observed in other ABG parameters.
Predictors of Population Awareness of Cancer Genetic Tests: Implications for Enhancing Equity in Engaging in Cancer Prevention and Precision Medicine
Authors: Giri Veda N. , Shimada Ayako , Leader Amy E.
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE

Racial and ethnic disparities in genetic awareness (GA) can diminish the impact of personalized cancer treatment and risk assessment. We assessed factors predictive of GA in a diverse population–based sample to inform awareness strategies and reduce disparities in genetic testing.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to August 2019, with the survey e-mailed to 7,575 adult residents in southeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Constructs from National Cancer Institute Health Information and National Trends Survey assessed cancer attitudes or beliefs, health literacy, and numeracy. Characteristics were summarized with mean ± standard deviation for numeric variables and frequency counts and percentages for categorical variables. Comparison of factors by race or ethnicity (non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black) and sex was conducted by t-tests, chi-square, or Fisher's exact tests. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to identify factors independently predictive of GA.

RESULTS

Of 1,557 respondents, data from 940 respondents (the mean age was 45 ± 16.2 years, 35.5% males, and 23% non-Hispanic Blacks) were analyzed. Factors associated with higher GA included female gender ( P < .001), non-Hispanic White ( P < .001), college education ( P < .001), middle-higher income ( P < .001), stronger belief in genetic basis of cancer ( P < .001), lower cancer fatalism ( P = .004), motivation for cancer information ( P < .001), and higher numeracy ( P = .002). On multivariate analysis, college education (odds ratio [OR] 1.79; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.63), higher motivation for cancer information (OR 1.56; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.09), stronger belief in genetics of cancer (OR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.48 to 3.30), and higher medical literacy (OR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.65) predicted greater GA.

CONCLUSION

This population-based study conducted in the precision medicine era identified novel modifiable factors, importantly perceptions of cancer genetics and medical literacy, as predictive of GA, which informs strategies to promote equitable engagement in genetically based cancer care.
Patterns of Early Life Weight Gain and Female Onset of Puberty
Authors: Bleil Maria E , Appelhans Bradley M , Gregorich Steven E , Thomas Alexis S , Hiatt Robert A , Roisman Glenn I , Booth-LaForce Cathryn
Published: November 2021

Context

Prepubertal obesity is a well-established predictor of earlier pubertal onset, which is itself a risk factor for poor health and well-being. Identifying specific patterns of weight gain in early life may help explain differential risk for earlier pubertal onset.

Objective

The objective of the study was to examine patterns of weight gain across infancy and early childhood in relation to pubertal onset outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Participants were 426 girls in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a longitudinal birth cohort of children and their families followed between birth and adolescence.

Main Outcome Measures

Three pubertal onset outcomes were examined, including age at menarche and ages at Tanner stage II for dimensions of breast and pubic hair development.

Results

In infancy (birth to 15 months), greater percent weight gain and higher birthweight predicted earlier pubertal onset for all outcomes (Ps < 0.05). In early childhood (24 months to grade 1), body mass index (BMI) trajectories reflecting BMI values that were persistently high or changed from low to high over time (vs BMI values that were stable at median or low levels), predicted younger ages at menarche and the onset of breast (Ps < 0.05), but not pubic hair (Ps > 0.05), development. All associations were independent of breastfeeding, maternal menarcheal age, and race/ethnicity.

Conclusions

Distinct patterns of early life weight gain predict differential risk for earlier onset puberty. Focusing on these patterns for earlier and more targeted intervention may help lessen life course linkages between prepubertal obesity, accelerated pubertal development, and negative postpubertal outcomes.
Handedness, Idealism, and Freedom
Authors: Hogan Desmond
Published: November 2021

Incongruent counterparts are pairs of objects which cannot be enclosed in the same spatial limits despite an exact similarity in magnitude, proportion, and relative position of their parts. Kant discerns in such objects, whose most familiar example is left and right hands, a “paradox” demanding “demotion of space and time to mere forms of our sensory intuition.” This paper aims at an adequate understanding of Kant’s enigmatic idealist argument from handed objects, as well as an understanding of its relation to the other key supports of his idealism. The paper’s central finding is that Kant’s idealist argument from incongruent counterparts rests essentially on his theory of freedom. The surprising result sheds new light on deep and overlooked links among the pillars of transcendental idealism, pointing the way to a comprehensive and unified reading of Kant’s system of idealist arguments.
Aesthetics in a Changing World—Reflecting the Anthropocene Condition through the Works of Jason deCaires Taylor and Robert Smithson
Authors: Hüpkes Philip , Dürbeck Gabriele
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on an important aspect of aesthetics in the context of the Anthropocene: the situatedness of aesthetic techniques and operations within earth’s (changing) materiality. Aesthetics is not only a way of making sensible but also contributes ontologically to the world it makes sensible. In this view aesthetics does not rely on a subject’s capacity to apprehend the world as a perceptually objectifiable entity. Focusing on works by Jason deCaires Taylor (Anthropocene and La Gardinera de la Esperanza) and Robert Smithson (Spiral Jetty), the authors interrogate how artistic engagements with anthropocenic materiality and temporality have the potential to articulate a double bind between aesthetics and ontology. Both artists not only allow recipients to be confronted with complex earthly entanglements but also have a material and aesthetic impact on their respective sites. Discussing deCaires Taylor’s and Smithson’s works, the authors argue that the artists’ aesthetics is not only a way of granting experiential access to an earth that resists objectification but also a manifestation of the processes through which earth’s materiality transforms throughout time.
Kelâm Atomculuğunun Tümel Modeli: Cüveynî Örneğinde Hâller Teorisi
Authors: Aktaş Mehmet
Published: November 2021

İmâmü’l-Haremeyn Ebü’l-Meâlî el-Cüveynî (ö. 478/1085) ve öncesi Eş‘arî kelâm sisteminde yer alan hâller teorisi, bu sistemin tümeller anlayışı şeklinde değerlendirilebileceği gibi ortak hakikatler şeklinde de değerlendirilebilir. Ancak bu dönemde söz konusu teoriyi savunanlar ve savunmayanlar olmak üzere iki farklı hakikat anlayışı göze çarpar. Hâlleri reddedenler hakikatleri nominal çerçevede değerlendirirken, bu teoriyi savunanlar ise realist bir tavırla mevcutlar için ortak hâl ve hakikatten bahseder. Bu doğrultuda onlar her ne kadar hâller teorisi üzerinden realist bir yöntem takınarak Aristotelesçi tümel anlayışına yaklaşmış olsalar da aralarında temel farklar bulunur. Aristotelesçi tümel anlayışı nesnelere dair olmasına karşın kelâmcıların hâlleri, hâdis âlemde nesnelerin bütününe değil, onların yapı- taşları olan cevher-araz ikilisinin kapsamıyla sınırlıdır. Yani Cüveynî özelinde kelâmcılar nesnelerin yapıtaşlarında realist ancak nesneler bütünü dikkate alındığında nominalisttirler. Ayrıca hâller, Aristotelesçi tümellerden farklı olarak önermelerde asla konu kabul edilmemektedir. Hâllerde gözlemlenen bu durum nedeniyle söz konusu dönemin Eş‘arî kelâmında ikinci cevherler yer bulamamıştır. Son olarak da arazlar ve ilâhî mânâlar sıfat kategorisinden çıkartılıp yerine hâller yerleştirilmiştir. Böylece hakikî anlamda cevherler ve Zât-i ilâhînin yanında arazlar ve ilâhî mânâlar da zât kategorisine dâhil edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla zât-sıfat bağlamında yeni bir kelâm dili ortaya çıkmış ve hâllere ontik bir “yer” biçilmiştir. Ancak bu yer; kelime, zihin, nesne veya nesnenin ötesi değildir. Bu çerçeveyle hâller teorisi “şekil”, “kapsam” ve “yer” olmak üzere bu makalede üç noktada değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulacaktır.
Teftâzânî’nin Düşünce Sisteminde İnsanî Nefsin Varlığı ve Hakikati
Authors: Erdinç Ziya
Published: November 2021

İnsanî nefsin mahiyeti/hakikati sorunu, İslâm düşüncesinde farklı yönleriyle inceleme konusu olmuş ve âlimler tarafından çeşitli yaklaşımlar ileri sürülmüştür. Mütekaddimîn kelamcılarının aksine müteahhirîn kelâmcıları takip ettikleri yöntem ve telif üslubu gibi sebeplerden dolayı genelde nefsin mahiyetini tartıştıkları bölümde görüşlerini açıkça belirtmemişlerdir. Müteahhirîn döneminin önde gelen kelamcılarından Teftâzânî de eserlerinin nefisle ilgili bölümlerinde, bir taraftan cismânî nefis görüşünü benimsediğini gösteren ifadeler kullanırken diğer taraftan soyut nefse kapı aralayan açıklamalara da yer vermiştir. Konuyla ilgili görüşünü tam olarak tespit etmek için düşünce sistemini meydana getiren diğer konulardaki görüşlerinin incelenmesi gerekir. Düşünce sistemi bir bütün olarak incelendiğinde Teftâzânî’nin, duyumsanan bedenin ötesinde bir nefsin varlığının apaçıklığını savunduğu ve farklı cismânî nefis anla- yışları arasından “diğer cisimlerle aynı hakikate sahip latif cisim” görüşünü tercih ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca onun, insanî nefsin hakikati konusunda kelâmcıların çoğunluğuna nispet ettiği aslî parçaları da insanî nefsin değil bedenin özü olarak kabul ettiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada Teftâzânî’nin fizik, epistemoloji, ontoloji ve teoloji konularına ilişkin görüşlerinde insan tasavvurunun izleri takip edilecek ve elde edilen verilerden hareketle onun insanî nefsin hakikatine dair yaklaşımı ortaya konulacaktır.
Artificial intelligence driven framework for the structurization of free-text diagnostic reports
Authors: Γιάνναρης Περικλής
Published: November 2021

Οι ενότητες ελεύθερου κείμενου των ιατρικών διαγνώσεων περιέχουν πληθώρα δεδομένων για ασθενείς, ασθένειες και περίπλοκες διαγνωστικές διαδικασίες. Ωστόσο, η ανάλυση δεδομένων σε μορρφή ελεύθερου κείμενου δεν είναι εύκολη με τη χρήση ηλεκτρονικών υπολογιστών και εργαλείων προτυποποίησης βασισμένα σε ηλεκτρονικό υπολογιστή (computer-based models). Η πλειονότητα των τεχνικών ανάλυσης που βασίζονται σε επεξεργασία φυσικής γλώσσας (natural language processing NLP) δεν έχουν την ικανότητα να εξαγάγουν με ακρίβεια πολύπλοκες διαγνωστικές πληροφορίες και τις μεταξύ τους σχέσεις. Επίσης δεν παρέχουν επαρκή αναπαράσταση γνώσης (knowledge representation KR) για την υποστήριξη εφαρμογών εξόρυξης δεδομένων.Για την αντιμετώπιση αυτών των περιορισμών, ένα νέο πλαίσιο πληροφορικής (informatics) θεσπίζεται για την ανάλυση ιατρικών διαγνώσεων σε ελεύθερο κείμενο. Το πλαίσιο βασίζεται σε προτυποποιήσεις με βάση την τεχνητή νοημοσύνη (artificial intelligence AI). Οι προτυποποιήσεις αυτές ενσωματώνουν τεχνικές επεξεργασίας φυσικής γλώσσας για την εξαγωγή πληροφοριών (natural language processing information extraction NLP-IE), αναπαράσταση γνώσης που βασίζεται στην οντολογία, αλγόριθμο με βάση το σχήμα ν-σχέσων (n-ary relational schema) και προσεγγίσεις εξόρυξης δεδομένων που βασίζονται στην εντροπία της πληροφορίας (information entropy). Με τον τρόπο αυτό, ιατρικές διαγνώσεις μετατρέποντε σε τριπλέτες που σχηματίζουν γραφήματα γνώσης (knowledge graphs KGs) για περαιτέρω αναλύσεις με τη βοήθεια ηλεκτρονικών υπολογιστών. Ο σκοπός είναι να διευκολυνθεί η ανάλυση ιατρικών διαγνώσεων με τη χρήση ηλεκτρονικών υπολογιστών. Το πλαίσιο πληροφορικής (informatics) που διαπραγματεύεται αυτή η διατριβή έχει δυνατότητες να επηρεάσει ευρέως αναλύσεις στη διαγνωστική ιατρική και επίσης να επεκταθεί και σε άλλους τομείς της βιοϊατρικής.
Unleashing frugal innovation in private higher education institutions via intellectual capital: a systematic literature review
Authors: Jayabalan Jayamalathi , Dorasamy Magiswary , Raman Murali , Sambasivan Murali , Harun Sharbani
Published: November 2021

Background: Given the persistent challenges to the higher education business model, private higher education institutions (PHEIs) are exploring myriad ways to increase enrolment and income, while aggressively managing spending. Many PHEIs are facing financial distress and struggling because of decreasing budgets and declining revenue. Thus, carving unique strategies that direct the institution to focus on its core competencies, making additional budget cuts without compromising quality, developing new revenue streams, embracing new technology, and offering affordable programs, will ultimately lead to financial success. Frugal innovation (FI) can shed light on these challenges.

Methods: This paper presents a systematic literature review to investigate and analyse prior research that focused on FI within the sphere of intellectual capital (IC) and information technology capabilities (ITC) research, and their relationships in PHEIs. Transfield’s five phases were employed to extract journal articles published over a thirty-year period (1990 to 2020) from major online databases using keyword searches. Although an initial search generated 76,025 papers, the search for IC and FI yielded 41 papers, and finally only two papers were selected as they clearly related IC with FI.

Results: There was a research gap in the literature published from 1990 to 2020 regarding IC applications to achieve FI. This work revealed that IC and ITC research for FI in PHEI remain insufficiently explored.  

Conclusions: Further research is required on the evaluation model of IC, ITC and FI, methodologies, empirical analysis, and the development of measurement metrics. A limitation to this study is the number of keywords selected.
COVIDSpread: real-time prediction of COVID-19 spread based on time-series modelling
Authors: Shahriari Siroos , Hossein Rashidi Taha , Azad AKM , Vafaee Fatemeh
Published: November 2021

A substantial amount of data about the COVID-19 pandemic is generated every day. Yet, data streaming, while considerably visualized, is not accompanied with modelling techniques to provide real-time insights. This study introduces a unified platform, COVIDSpread, which integrates visualization capabilities with advanced statistical methods for predicting the virus spread in the short run, using real-time data. The platform uses time series models to capture any possible non-linearity in the data. COVIDSpread enables lay users, and experts, to examine the data and develop several customized models with different restrictions such as models developed for a specific time window of the data. COVIDSpread is available here: http://vafaeelab.com/COVID19TS.html.
Leveraging biochemical reactions to unravel functional impacts of cancer somatic variants affecting protein interaction interfaces
Authors: Raimondi Francesco , Burkhart Joshua G. , Betts Matthew J. , Russell Robert B. , Wu Guanming
Published: November 2021

Background: Considering protein mutations in their biological context is essential for understanding their functional impact, interpretation of high-dimensional datasets and development of effective targeted therapies in personalized medicine.

Methods: We combined the curated knowledge of biochemical reactions from Reactome with the analysis of interaction-mediating 3D interfaces from Mechismo. In addition, we provided a software tool for users to explore and browse the analysis results in a multi-scale perspective starting from pathways and reactions to protein-protein interactions and protein 3D structures.

Results: We analyzed somatic mutations from TCGA, revealing several significantly impacted reactions and pathways in specific cancer types. We found examples of genes not yet listed as oncodrivers, whose rare mutations were predicted to affect cancer processes similarly to known oncodrivers. Some identified processes lack any known oncodrivers, which suggests potentially new cancer-related processes (e.g. complement cascade reactions). Furthermore, we found that mutations perturbing certain processes are significantly associated with distinct phenotypes (i.e. survival time) in specific cancer types (e.g. PIK3CA centered pathways in LGG and UCEC cancer types), suggesting the translational potential of our approach for patient stratification. Our analysis also uncovered several druggable processes (e.g. GPCR signalling pathways) containing enriched reactions, providing support for new off-label therapeutic options.

Conclusions: In summary, we have established a multi-scale approach to study genetic variants based on protein-protein interaction 3D structures. Our approach is different from previously published studies in its focus on biochemical reactions and can be applied to other data types (e.g. post-translational modifications) collected for many types of disease.
Popularization of the History of Kazan Journalism by Students of the Higher School of Journalism and Media Communications of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University as a Communication Project: Achievements and Problems
Authors: Bakanov Roman
Published: November 2021

In the article is telling with the use of modern digital technologies when students of the Higher School of Journalism and Media Communications of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University master some disciplines related to the history of regional journalism, as well as the language and creative style of local publicists. These were the first attempts of creative and project activities of students, the information occasion for which was the 210th anniversary of Kazan journalism. This anniversary is celebrated in 2021, but there will not be a wide celebration for various reasons. Using the methods of included observation, meaningful, structural and comparative analysis of each of the student online projects, using the example of educational project activities of fourth-year students studying in the direction of "Journalism", the author identified the reasons why the anniversary of Kazan journalism has not yet gone beyond the professional journalistic circle, studied the course and dynamics, as well as the pros and cons of implementing the creative process within the existing administrative, managerial and material and technical conditions for training a modern journalist as a versatile creative person. While working on this creative task, students had the opportunity to try their hand at such media fields of activity as a correspondent, photojournalist, director of photography, screenwriter, director, author of stories, infographer, bild editor, editor, videographer, producer and reviewer and understand in which of them each student feels more confident and comfortable. In this article, we studied how well the media projects created by students showed and realized their communicative function: with the help of what creative techniques or the modern digital means used, students managed (and whether they managed) to interest the audience and cause a response from it. The author of the article also concludes that during their preparation, students of the Higher School of Journalism and Media Communications of KFU experienced difficulties of both a technical and organizational and creative nature. The insufficient thematic and intellectual background also made itself felt and manifested itself in the created projects in the form of some factual inaccuracies and errors. However, in general, the first experience of students' creative activity in the implementation of a communicative project can be considered successful.