bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communication and Organizational Culture
Authors: Nordby Halvor
Published: June 2020

When people in an organization understand themselves and their context of interaction from very different perspectives, there is an increased risk of poor organizational dialogue. The reason is not only that individuals’ social interpretations of others are influenced by their idiosyncratic perspectives. In interactions involving a significant diversity of individual perspectives, there is also a risk that communicators form radically different interpretations of goals and processes in the organization. It is therefore of crucial importance that people have a sufficiently similar understanding of action-guiding information, communicative acts and the workplace itself. The chapter focuses on the importance of creating shared organizational culture on the basis of four communication conditions from social interaction theory. (1) In communicative processes, senders need to secure the attention of audiences. (2) Senders and audiences need to have a sufficiently similar understanding of the language that is used. (3) Senders and audiences need to interpret communicative acts in a sufficiently similar way. (4) The attitudes and values that audiences ascribe to senders must correspond to the values and attitudes that senders actually have. After having clarified these conditions, the chapter applies them to analyse fundamental organizational challenges. The final part of the chapter argues that the conditions can, typically on management levels, constitute conceptual tools for creating unifying communicative cultures. Furthermore, using the conditions (1)–(4) actively as a means for securing communication across a diversity of individual perspectives can contribute to reaching organizational goals, no matter how they are defined.
Geometric Accuracy of Digital Twins for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Lu Ruodan , Rausch Chris , Bolpagni Marzia , Brilakis Ioannis , T. Haas Carl
Published: June 2020

We present an exploratory analysis of the geometric accuracy of digital twins generated for existing infrastructure using point clouds. The Level of Geometric Accuracy is a vital specification to measure the twinning quality of the resulting twins. However, there is a lack of a clear definition of the Level of Geometric Accuracy for twins generated in the operation and maintenance stage, especially for structural health monitoring purposes. We critically review existing industry applications and twinning methods. To highlight the technical challenges with creating high-fidelity digital replicas, we present a case study of twinning a bridge using real-world point clouds. We do not provide conclusive methods or results but envisage potential twinning strategies to achieve the desired geometry accuracy. This chapter aims to inform the future development of a geometric accuracy-based evaluation system for use in twinning and updating processes. Since a major barrier for a fully automated twinning workflow is the lack of rigorous interpretation of ‘geometric accuracy’ outside design environments, it is imperative to develop comprehensive standards to guide practitioners and researchers in order to achieve model certainty. As such, this chapter also aims to educate all stakeholders in order to minimise risk when drafting contracts and exchanging digital deliverables.
Internationalisation des PME : le rôle du partage d’informations dans les réseaux
Authors: Dominguez Noémie , Mayrhofer Ulrike , Obadia Claude
Published: June 2020

L’accès aux informations conditionne la réussite des PME sur les marchés internationaux. Cet article porte sur le partage d’informations dans les réseaux interorganisationnels. Les auteurs étudient comment les dirigeants de PME collectent et partagent des informations dans le cadre de leur démarche d’internationalisation. L’étude empirique est fondée sur dix-sept entretiens menés auprès de dirigeants de PME et de spécialistes de l’accompagnement à l’exportation. Les résultats montrent que le type, les sources et les modalités de partage des informations varient selon l’expérience des dirigeants et l’expansion de l’entreprise sur les marchés internationaux.
The analysis of living systems can generate both knowledge and illusions
Authors: Jose Antony M
Published: June 2020

Life relies on phenomena that range from changes in molecules that occur within nanoseconds to changes in populations that occur over millions of years. Researchers have developed a vast range of experimental techniques to analyze living systems, but a given technique usually only works over a limited range of length or time scales. Therefore, gaining a full understanding of a living system usually requires the integration of information obtained at multiple different scales by two or more techniques. This approach has undoubtedly led to a much better understanding of living systems but, equally, the staggering complexity of these systems, the sophistication and limitations of the techniques available in modern biology, and the need to use two or more techniques, can lead to persistent illusions of knowledge. Here, in an effort to make better use of the experimental techniques we have at our disposal, I propose a broad classification of techniques into six complementary approaches: perturbation, visualization, substitution, characterization, reconstitution, and simulation. Such a taxonomy might also help increase the reproducibility of inferences and improve peer review.
Shape of attachment structures in parasitic isopodan crustaceans: the influence of attachment site and ontogeny
Authors: van der Wal Serita , Haug Joachim T.
Published: June 2020

Many fields of modern systematic biology are adult-centred. This is unfortunately also the case for Cymothoidae, an ingroup of parasitic forms of Isopoda, with fishes as hosts. Different ingroups of Cymothoidae have specialised appendages that enable their fish associated lifestyles, attaching to different sites on the body of the host. The extent to which these structures vary among species and in relation different sites of attachment, and between different ontogenetic stages, is explored here. This study presents the detailed descriptions, illustrations, comparisons, and analysis of a variety of attachment structures of 13 adult and immature specimens representing three major groupsCeratothoa,ElthusaandAnilocra, along with full focus, detailed photographs of all the examined life stages. The three groups exhibit different strategies attaching to mouth, gill and externally, respectively. A statistical representation of the morphology of the dactyli, used for attaching to the host, was performed. This included a critical comparison of 10 additional species documented in literature. This is the first comprehensive description and photographs of specialised appendage morphology of immatures ofCeratothoa, as well as the first detailed micrographs of embryonic stages of Cymothoidae, and the first lateral and ventral views of immature stages of the examined species. Immature specimens possess morphological characters that can be used to distinguish between different species, but cannot be accurately identified based on diagnostic characters of adults. Quantitative analysis indicates that ontogeny plays a major role in the shape of the attachment structures (e.g. dactyli).
Parents know best: transgenerational predator recognition through parental effects
Authors: Atherton Jennifer A. , McCormick Mark I.
Published: June 2020

In highly biodiverse systems, such as coral reefs, prey species are faced with predatory threats from numerous species. Recognition of predators can be innate, or learned, and can help increase the chance of survival. Research suggests that parental exposure to increased predatory threats can affect the development, behaviour, and ultimately, success of their offspring. Breeding pairs of damselfish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus) were subjected to one of three olfactory and visual treatments (predator, herbivore, or control), and their developing embryos were subsequently exposed to five different chemosensory cues. Offspring of parents assigned to the predator treatment exhibited a mean increase in heart rate two times greater than that of offspring from parents in herbivore or control treatments. This increased reaction to a parentally known predator odour suggests that predator-treated parents passed down relevant threat information to their offspring, via parental effects. This is the first time transgenerational recognition of a specific predator has been confirmed in any species. This phenomenon could influence predator-induced mortality rates and enable populations to adaptively respond to fluctuations in predator composition and environmental changes.
Analysis of Shark Fisheries Typology in TPI Pangandaran, Pangandaran Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Indriyani , Anna Zuzy , Rizal Achmad , Gumilar Iwang
Published: June 2020

Knowledge of the shark fisheries typology for manager or related stakeholder is a supporting factor for the success of the basic fisheries management program, especially shark fisheries. This study aims to analyze the technical, social and cultural typology of shark fisheries in TPI Pangandaran, Pangandaran Regency. This research was conducted using the case study method and the method of sampling (purposive sampling) and the data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively, the qualitative method is carried out by interpreting data, facts and information that have been collected through an understanding that is built based on empirical experience, quantitative method is done by using a measurement scale, measurement scale based on data obtained from the questionnaire. The benefits of the results of this study are expected to be input for managers and related stakeholders in formulating policies for the development of fisheries activities, especially shark fisheries so that shark fisheries in Indonesia can be sustainable. The results showed that the commercial status of fishermen is the main occupation, including labor fishermen, the average fisherman goes to sea in a day. In general, fishermen are aged between 44-54 years with primary education level with 10-20 years of work experience. Catching sharks is carried out using a 3 GT motorized boat, with trips (years) of 210 times on the 3 GT vessel size and the type of fishing gear used is Gill net. The shark catching areas were obtained from Pangandaran Beach, Pananjung Bay, Nusakambangan Waters and Cilacap waters. There are two types of sharks that are landed in TPI Pangandaran namely Lonjor Sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) and Martil Sharks (Sphyrnalewini). The largest production output in 2019 is 5887 kg. The results of the feasibility analysis of shark fishery business in TPI Pangandaran are with a profit value of Rp. 10.200.000 and the value of the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) which is 1.2 means that the business is feasible and sustainable.
Clay Pot Irrigation- A Review Study
Authors: Adhikary Rahul , Pal Arunabha
Published: June 2020

Water is the primary input for crop production and increasingly becomes scarce due to its high demand in agricultural sector. Quality of water is assuming great importance with the increasing demand in industries, agriculture and rise in standard of living. Agriculture is the major user (89%) of India’s water resources. However, dwindling of freshwater resources and deterioration of irrigation water quality due to its overuse to meet up the high demands in agriculture sector becomes the serious concern in sustainable crop production. Clay pot irrigation in its simplest form consists of unglazed baked clay pots, which are buried up to the neck in the soil and filled with water. This method is one of the most efficient systems of irrigation known and is ideal for many small farmers. Clay pot irrigation, a traditional system of irrigation alternative to drip method is the latest advancement and effective innovation of localized methods of irrigation and found suitable where water scarcity becomes major stress for crop production. It also helps to improve soil physical properties particularly the structural status in soil and also enhances the water use efficiency of the crop, soil organic carbon and builds up soil fertility.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of the Crude Extract of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hamma I. I. , Tafinta I. Y. , Abdulmalik A. , Theophilus J. , Abubakar M.
Published: June 2020

Scent (Ocimum gratissimum) leaves are known for their medicinal values for a long. The study was carried out on phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of scent leaf extracts on E. coli and S. aureus. Antibacterial assay of the plant extracts was carried out on the test isolates, by inoculation on the surface of freshly gelled sterile nutrient agar plates by streaking using sterilized swab stick and the potent extracts was determined according to the macro broth dilution technique. Phytochemical screening of O. gratissimum leaves revealed the presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and tannins in all the extracts. There was decreased in antibacterial activity with decreased in concentration of the extract as the concentration of the extract decreases from 200 – 25 mg/ml, the zones of inhibition also decreased from 20 to 11 mm (ethanol extract) and 17 – 10 mm (aqueous extract) for S. aureus; 19 – 10 mm (ethanol extract) and 15 – 8 mm (aqueous extract) for E. coli. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of O. gratissimum extracts against the selected clinical isolates revealed no growth (clear) in all the test organisms at the concentration of 200 mg/ml. Also, the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) showed no growth of bacterial colonies at the concentration of 200 mg/ml. It was observed from the study that ethanol and aqueous extracts exhibited high inhibitory activities on Escherichia coli a representative of enteric coliforms and Gram negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus a representative of Gram positive bacteria. Ethanolic extract had higher inhibition compared to the aqueous extract. This can be deduced to the ability of ethanol to extract more of the essential oils and secondary plant metabolites which are believed to exert antibacterial activity on the test organisms.
Assessment of Bacterial Activities within Shipwrecks along Iwafe Estuary of New Calabar River in Rivers State
Authors: Olukole Chidinma G. Daokoru- , Ohimain Elijah I. , Tatfeng Youtchou M.
Published: June 2020

Qualitative assessment of bacterial activities within shipwrecks along Iwafe estuary of New Calabar River was studied. The study was aimed at identifying the various bacterial communities present in a shipwreck ecosystem in an estuary located in the Niger Delta.  Water, sediment and rusticle samples were collected aseptically from three shipwrecks submerged in the river and were subjected to Biological Activity Reaction Test (BARTS) to investigate the different bacterial activities within the shipwrecks. Three bacterial communities were identified, Heterotrophic Active Bacteria, (HAB), Iron Reducing Bacteria, (IRB) and the Sulphate Reducing Bacteria, (SRB). In less than 24hrs after incubation the HAB test for all the samples showed complete aerobic activity producing a predicted population of 5.4X106 Pac/ml for water, 5.4X106 Pac/g for sediments and rusticles. The days of delay (dd) revealed the presence of SRB in the sediment and rusticle samples only. Shipwrecks ecosystem in New Calabar Estuary showed bacterial involvement, in corrosion processes even in shallow water ecosystem.
Role of ICT on Agriculture and Its Future Scope in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowhan Sushan , Ghosh Shapla Rani
Published: June 2020

Agriculture is the oldest profession in the world. Since the historic human civilization periods, it has gradually developed. Technologies have enriched this occupation with the pace of time. Modern agriculture nowadays is so much dependent on ICT. A thorough review of secondary data sources; i.e. overlook of literatures from web, online published articles, reports, news etc. on some selective districts of Bangladesh was made to study the current features of ICT, its exercise and future prospects in the context of agriculture information and communication. Findings revealed that the majority of the farming group and thereby involved extension workers (SAAO) have limited access, usage, knowledge and capacity on the use of ICT tools and media. Farmers mostly use AICCs (Agriculture Information and Communication Centre), non-smart cell phones, TV and radio for agricultural communication. Conversely, SAAOs (Sub Assistant Agriculture Officer) used mobile phones, demonstrations and consulted AEO (Agriculture Extension Officer) for information and communications. Their utilization level of ICT based service was found much lower. Solutions to address these problems were found to be IT-based trainings, easy access and availability of ICT tools and services at a convenient price. Being an agrarian country; there’s a huge opportunity for improvement of ICTs in the agricultural sectors. These include, dedicated bandwidth of internet, electricity, reducing internet data charges, establishment of a data center, agriculture database, encyclopedia, GIS, RS, GPS, radio-based technologies, online-based agricultural (seed, fertilizer, pesticide, irrigation, marketing linkage etc.) management systems, IoT, drone, artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnology, machine learning, big data analytics etc. Incorporation of these high techs are now a burning issue for the future development of agriculture and sustain production in a rapid changing world.
Vivência de gestação gemelar associada a Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico-LES
Authors: Ribeiro Lidia Cristina Villela , Miranda Erica De Jesus , Guerreiro Marcos Lázaro Da Silva
Published: June 2020

Introdução: Ainda existem muitas controvérsias sobre o binômio lúpus-gestação e, historicamente, se a gravidez for  múltipla, torna-se preocupante, requerendo cuidados intensivos. Objetivo: Relatar uma experiência de  gravidez gemelar associada ao Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo baseado em uma experiência gestacional utilizando  entrevistas do tipo história oral de vida. Os relatos foram gravados, analisados e transcritos, garantindo a forma das narrativas. Resultados: A gravidez ocorreu após um ano do diagnóstico de Lúpus, ainda existindo sintomas e ainda em tratamento. O pré-natal ocorreu sem complicações. Percebeu-se nas narrativas, um estado de intensa satisfação com a gravidez, sem traços de estresse. O parto ocorreu  por via vaginal, com 32 semanas, devido à ruptura de uma das bolsas amnióticas, sem intercorrências materno-fetais. Conclusão: Somos de opinião que a prematuridade aconteceu devido aos dois fatores de riscos envolvidos na concepção: a gemelaridade e o lúpus. O binômio lúpus-gestação pode ter sucesso independente do tipo de gravidez (múltipla ou única). Entretanto, muitas variáveis devem ser consideradas: a atividade do Lúpus e sintomatologia na concepção, o tipo de atendimento no pré-natal e o estado emocional da gestante.
Comparação do ensaio de inteferon-gamma e teste cutâneo tuberculínico para diagnóstico de tuberculose latente em profissionais de saúde de um centro de referência terciária para tuberculose do Estado da Bahia
Authors: Casela Marilda
Published: June 2020

Introdução: O Teste Cutâneo Tuberculínico (TCT) tem sido utilizado como diagnóstico para a Tuberculose Infecção Latente (TBIL). Os profissionais de saúde, principalmente os que trabalham com assistência a pacientes com tuberculose (TB), têm risco elevado de contrair a doença ou a TBIL. Normas de biossegurança e qualificação da equipe de trabalho são fundamentais para o controle da Tb entre os profissionais de saúde. Atualmente testes diagnósticos mais específicos para a TBIL têm sido utilizados como alternativa para o padronizado TCT, dentre eles o QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QTF®). Objetivo: Comparar e avaliar os resultados obtidos no QTF® e Teste Cutâneo Tuberculínico dos profissionais de saúde de um centro de referência terciário para Tuberculose. Métodos: O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Fundação Bahiana Desenvolvimento Científico e pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição hospitalar. Foi utilizado o banco de dados do setor de medicina ocupacional da instituição e os 87 voluntários que atenderam aos critérios do estudo foram categorizados e distribuídos em dois grupos: TCT negativo (<5mm) e TCT positivo (>5mm). Foi realizada coleta de sangue para o teste QTF®. Resultados: Dos 47 Profissionais de Saúde TCT negativo 53,2% tiveram resultado QTF negativo. Dos 40 profissionais TCT positivo, 67,5% apresentaram resultado QTF® positivo. O grau de concordância do índice kappa foi de 0,24. Conclusão: O QTF® não mostrou uma especificidade superior quando comparado ao TCT.

Palavras-chave: Prevenção e controle; Tuberculose Latente; Pessoal de Saúde;Interferon-gama; Teste Tuberculínico;
Avaliação do conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas e do perfil da assistência bucal prestada na atenção primária à saúde das fissuras orofaciais
Authors: Monteiro Veruschka Hana Sakaki Souza , Silva Junior Wilton Magalhães da , Silva Priscilla Dutra , Almeida Igor Ferreira Borba de , Oliveira Márcio Campos
Published: June 2020

Introdução: a fissura orofacial pode ser definida como uma falta de fusão de determinadas estruturas da face, durante o desenvolvimento embrionário, sendo descritas como um dos defeitos de nascimento mais comuns encontrados nas populações do mundo. Sua etiologia é multifatorial, envolvendo alterações genéticas e fatores ambientais de risco no primeiro trimestre da gestação.

Objetivos: analisar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre as fissuras e o perfil da assistência bucal prestada na atenção primária em saúde para a ocorrência de fissuras orofaciais.

Metodologia: estudo descritivo censitário, aplicado por meio de um questionário, que envolveu 96% dos cirurgiões-dentistas que atuam na atenção primária de uma cidade do interior da Bahia, Brasil, e investigou a experiência clínica e profissional, conhecimentos básicos sobre fissuras, experiência no atendimento aos portadores de necessidades especiais com ênfase nos portadores de fissuras e o perfil da assistência à saúde bucal prestada a esses indivíduos no município.

Resultados: o estudo mostrou que 50% dos participantes possuem pós-graduação, 81,5% tem mais de 05 anos de formados e 60% tem pelo menos 10 anos de serviço público. Observou-se reduzido conhecimento específico sobre o tema e desinformação sobre a existência de centros multidisciplinares para atendimento especializado desse público no país e no estado.

Conclusões: sugere-se a necessidade de se adequar o serviço de saúde para facilitar e garantir o acesso desses portadores ao atendimento integral, além de contribuir para a prevenção de novos casos.

 
Manifestações neurológicas da doença de Behçet
Authors: Pereira Samira Luísa Apóstolos , Araujo Danilo Barral de , Carvalho Jozélio Freire de
Published: June 2020

A doença de Behçet (DB), também chamada síndrome de Behçet, é uma doença crônica, multissistêmica com remissões e exacerbações e evolução imprevisível. Envolvimento neurológico em pacientes com DB conhecido como Neuro-Behcet (NB) apresenta uma prevalência variável de 2.2-5%. O diagnóstico de NB e baseado na presença de síndromes neurológicas em pacientes com achados sistêmicos de DB. Achados de neuroimagem e achados de líquor são uteis para excluir diagnósticos diferenciais, principalmente quadros infecciosos. Ainda que a DB seja rara na pratica neurológica rotineira, esta e comumente mencionada no diagnostico diferencial de doenças inflamatórias e/ou desmielinizantes do SNC.
Tuning the Electrical State of 2DEG at LaVO3−KTaO3 Interface: Effect of Light and Electrostatic Gate
Authors: Goyal Saveena , Wadehra Neha , Chakraverty Suvankar
Published: June 2020

Two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at the interface of perovskite oxides has drawn considerable interest due to its rich underlying physics and potential in future generation spin‐electronic devices. Electrostatic gating and light illumination are two frequently applied stimuli for such devices. In this work, electrical conductivity tuning of a recently discovered conducting interface of crystalline LaVO3 and KTaO3 (LVO−KTO) is reported through electrostatic gating as well as light illumination. Signature of significant photoconductivity as well as persistent photocurrent is observed. A giant enhancement of resistance is found to occur under light illumination when a negative electrostatic gate bias (VG > −8 V) is applied. These effects offer a possible control on carrier density of the oxide interface, which is otherwise difficult due to their huge intrinsic carrier density. Further, a protocol deploying light and gate bias in an appropriate sequence is demonstrated to use this interface as a possible optical‐switch or memory storage device.
Fullerene‐Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Parajuli Prakash , Sharma Bipin , Behlow Herbert , Rao Apparao M.
Published: June 2020

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) convert mechanical energy, e.g., from human motions, into electrical power. The mechanical force brings two triboelectric materials with different electron affinities into contact, resulting in a voltage that can be used to power a device. Although progress has been made in identifying high‐performance triboelectric materials (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene, MXenes, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), graphene‐impregnated polymers, and polyimide), the search for better triboelectric materials continues in order to harvest mechanical energy efficiently. Here, it is demonstrated that the output performance of a TENG can be enhanced by coating its triboelectric material surface with an important class of carbons, viz., zero‐dimensional C60 fullerene, which is known for its high electron affinity. Specifically, a C60 fullerene‐based TENG (F‐TENG) is fabricated and evaluated that supports a high open‐circuit voltage of ≈1.6 kV, short‐circuit current of ≈100 µA, instantaneous peak power density of ≈38 W m−2, and charging of a 1 µF capacitor to 180 V under 8 min. Because of the superior power output of the F‐TENG, a digital watch can be powered continuously in real‐time, a task that cannot be performed with a similar‐sized TENG comprising PET and polyimide. Notably, a novel methodology based on the analysis of the TENG output waveforms is presented for determining the triboelectric charge, which can then be used to rank the electrode material in the tribolelectric series.
Effect of H Defects on Li Transport during the Deposition Process on an H‐Diamond Surface: A First‐Principles Calculation Analysis
Authors: Ren Yuan , Ma Xiyu , Qi Zhaohui , Yang Shenbo , Zhang Chao , Sun Shiyang , Cao Yanan , Tan Xin , Liu Xuejie
Published: June 2020

To explore the feasibility and rationality of a hydrogen‐terminated diamond surface film as an solid electrolyte interface (SEI) for lithium‐sulfur batteries, the adsorption and migration behavior of lithium atoms on the hydrogen‐terminated diamond surface with different amounts of hydrogen defects are determined by first‐principles calculations. Since a hydrogen deficiency in the row direction is denser than a hydrogen deficiency in the chain direction, hydrogen deficiency can drive lithium‐ion deposition. Thus, lithium atoms are more stable on the surface of hydrogen‐terminated diamonds with a hydrogen deficiency in the direction of the dimer row. The adsorption of lithium atoms on hydrogen‐terminated diamond films lacking three hydrogens is more stable due to the absence of dangling chemical bonds on the surface of the hydrogen‐terminated diamond. Therefore, lithium atoms cannot be adsorbed on an all‐H‐diamond surface. The low adsorption energy of lithium atoms on a clean diamond surface indicates that it is a simple physical adsorption. H termination increases the adsorption energy and migration activation energy of Li on the diamond surface. H termination changes the migration path of Li on the diamond surface. The atomic deposition of Li is driven by the center of the H defect region on the H‐diamond surface.
Total Synthesis of Alstofolinine A
Authors: Shanmukha Rao B. Sridhara , Kumar Amit , Sudhakar Gangarajula
Published: June 2020

The total synthesis of alstofolinine A (1) is accomplished from an easily accessible tetracyclic core 11 via 12. Core 11 bears all the required stereocenters along with suitable functional groups for necessary transformations facilitated in quick accessing of the target molecule 1 in minimal steps. Besides, this synthesis further supports the absolute configuration of alstofolinine A (1).
Laser Pump‐Probe Fiber‐Optic Technique for Characterization of Near‐Surface Layers of Solids: Development and Application Prospects for Studying Semiconductors and Weyl Semimetals
Authors: Starostin Alexander A. , Shangin Victor V. , Lonchakov Alexander T. , Kotov Artem N. , Bobin Semyon B.
Published: June 2020

A fiber‐optic setup incorporating the pump‐probe thermoreflectance (TR) technique with Fabry–Perot (FP) interferometer is presented. It includes both heat pump and probe lasers, producing wavelengths of 1470 and 1530 nm, respectively, together with a reflected radiation detector. Heat pump pulse duration varies from a few microseconds to tens of microseconds. The potential of the pump‐probe TR‐FP technique to investigate the subsurface region of semiconductors with a range of electron spectra is demonstrated. A pronounced dip in time dependence of the TR‐FP signal is discovered at the liquid nitrogen temperature in the gapless semiconductor compound HgSe—a candidate for the family of Weyl semimetals with broken inversion symmetry. This finding implies the developed pulsed TR‐FP method for the detection of Weyl nodes and surface Fermi arcs in solids.
Enhancement of permittivity in P(VDF‐CTFE)/metal–organic frameworks mixed matrix membranes
Authors: Jia Qin‐Xiang , Yang Dan‐Hong , Jin Li , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: June 2020

A novel family of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with the combination of ferroelectric fluropolymers matrix (P(VDF‐CTFE)) and ferroelectric MOFs fillers ([NH3(CH2)4NH3][M(HCOO)3]2(MCoII, MgII, and MnII), have been synthesized and characterized, including the morphology, structures, and dielectric properties. Dielectric measurements revealed that the permittivity of the composites improved notablely with the introduction of ferroelectric MOFs fillers, while the dielectric loss was comparable to that of the polymer matrix. And also, interestingly, the enhancement of permittivity evidently dependent on the quantity and dielectric behavior of MOFs fillers, which may be valuable to the dielectric regulation of the polymer/MOFs MMMs. In addition, two different preparation methods were adopted respectively, including blending and electrospinning‐hot pressing. The comparison of the two preparation methods revealed that the blending MMMs exhibit higher permittivity and higher dielectric loss than that of the electrospinning‐hot pressing MMMs. To our knowledge, this is a novel research of high‐εr dielectric MMMs fabricated by ferroelectric MOFs and ferroelectric fluropolymers, and this work may provide a new perspective on the further research of high‐κ dielectric MMMs and the industrial application of ferroelectric MOFs.
Characterization of red ginseng–drug interaction by CYP3A activity increased in high dose administration in mice
Authors: Kim Younah , Jo Jung Jae , Cho Piljoung , Shrestha Riya , Kim Kyu Min , Ki Sung Hwan , Song Kyung‐Sik , Liu Kwang‐Hyeon , Song Im‐Sook , Kim Ju‐Hyun , Lee Jae‐Mok , Lee Sangkyu
Published: June 2020

Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a popular traditional herbal medicine used worldwide. Patients often take ginseng preparations with other medicines where the ginseng dose could exceed the recommended dose during long‐term administration. However, ginseng–drug interactions at high doses of ginseng are poorly understood. This study showed the possibility of herb–drug interactions between the Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract and cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrates in higher administration in mice. The CYP activities were determined in vivo after oral administration of KRG extract doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg for 2 or 4 weeks by monitoring the concentration of five CYP substrates/metabolites in the blood. The area under the curve for OH‐midazolam/midazolam catalysed by CYP3A was increased significantly by the administration of 2.0 g/kg KRG extract for 2 and 4 weeks. CYP3A‐catalysed midazolam 1ʹ‐hydroxylation also increased significantly in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner in the S9 fraction of mouse liver which was not related to induction by transcription. Whereas CYP2D‐catalysed dextromethorphan O‐deethylation decreased in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner in vivo. In conclusion, interactions were observed between KRG extract and CYP2D and CYP3A substrates at subchronic–high doses of KRG administration in mice.
3D‐Analyse von Betonfahrbahnoberflächen mit Grinding‐ und Groovingtextur mittels Streifenlichtprojektion
Authors: Rai Alena , Stelzner Ludwig , Weise Frank , Wieland Marko
Published: June 2020

Die Oberflächentexturierung der Betonfahrbahndecken mittels Grinding und Grooving steht seit einigen Jahren im Mittelpunkt der Forschung und Entwicklung des Betonstraßenbaus in Deutschland. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden die vorteilhaften Oberflächenperformances derartiger Texturen, wie z. B. Griffigkeit, Ebenheit, Lärmminderung, in zahlreichen Forschungsprojekten umfassend untersucht und daraus die Technologie „Texturgrinding“ entwickelt.

Im Kontext des gegenwärtig verfolgten ganzheitlichen performanceorientierten Ansatzes liegt der Fokus nun verstärkt auf der Analyse und Charakterisierung der Oberflächentopografie von Grinding‐ bzw. Groovingtexturen. Insbesondere gilt ein Hauptaugenmerk hierbei der zeitlichen Entwicklung der Oberflächentexturen in Abhängigkeit von äußeren Einwirkungen durch Klima und Verkehr.

Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass durch den Einsatz eines auf Streifenlichtprojektion basierenden Messsystems eine hochaufgelöste dreidimensionale Erfassung der Oberflächentopografie verschiedenartiger Grinding‐ und Groovingtexturen möglich ist. Darauf aufbauend wurden messtechnische Voraussetzungen zur Gewährleistung reproduzierbarer Messungen geschaffen, die eine Dokumentation der zeitlichen Texturveränderungen infolge klimatischer Beanspruchung ermöglichen. Anschließend wurden Auswerteroutinen zur quantitativen und statistischen Charakterisierung der Oberflächentextur entwickelt und angewandt, um exemplarisch die Veränderungen der Oberflächentopografie infolge klimatischer Beanspruchung quantitativ abzubilden.
Nanoelicitor based enhancement of camptothecin production in fungi isolated from Ophiorrhiza mungos
Authors: Aswani Ravi , Jasim Basheer , Arun Vishnu Renjan , Antony Liya , Remakanthan Appukuttan , Aravindakumar Charuvila T. , Radhakrishnan Edayileveettil Krishnankutty
Published: June 2020

In the study, endophytic fungi isolated from Ophiorrhiza mungos were screened for camptothecin (CPT) biosynthetic potential by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the 16 fungi screened, OmF3, OmF4, and OmF6 were identified to synthesize CPT. Further LC–MS analysis also showed the presence of CPT specific m/z of 349 for the extracts from OmF3, OmF4, and OmF6. However, the fragmentation masses with m/z of 320, 305, 277 and 220 specific to the CPT could be identified only for the OmF3 and OmF4. These CPT producing fungi were further identified as Meyerozyma sp. OmF3 and Talaromyces sp. OmF4. The cultures of these two fungi were then supplemented with nanoparticles and analyzed for the quantitative enhancement of CPT production by LC–MS/MS. From the result, Meyerozyma sp. OmF3 was found to produce 947.3 ± 12.66 μg/L CPT, when supplemented with 1 μg/mL zinc oxide nanoparticles and the same for uninduced parental strain OmF3 was only 1.77 ± 0.13 μg/L. At the same time, Talaromyces sp. OmF4 showed the highest production of 28.97 ± 0.37 μg/L of CPT when cultured with 10 μg/mL silver nanoparticles and the same for uninduced strain was 1.19 ± 0.24 μg/L. The observed quantitative enhancement of fungal CPT production is highly interesting as it is a rapid and cost effective method. The study is remarkable due to the identification of novel fungal sources for CPT production and its enhancement by nanoparticle supplementation.
Baseline total lesion glycolysis combined with interim positron emission tomography‐computed tomography is a robust predictor of outcome in patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Kitadate Akihiro , Narita Kentaro , Fukumoto Kouta , Terao Toshiki , Tsushima Takafumi , Kobayashi Hiroki , Abe Yoshiaki , Miura Daisuke , Takeuchi Masami , Machida Youichi , Matsue Kosei
Published: June 2020

Background

Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) represents a heterogeneous and rare subgroup of aggressive lymphomas that generally demonstrate poor clinical outcomes with conventional treatment. Since the prognosis of PTCL is heterogeneous, more accurate risk assessment, and risk‐adapted treatment strategies are required. In this study, we examined whether interim positron emission tomography (iPET)‐computed tomography (PET/CT) results can be combined with baseline volume‐based metabolic assessments including total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) for risk stratification in PTCL.

Methods

The data of 63 patients with nodal PTCL, who had analyzable baseline PET/CT and iPET, were retrospectively reviewed. We calculated the baseline TMTV and TLG values. All iPET responses were analyzed using the Deauville 5‐point scale.

Results

On univariate analysis, a prognostic index for PTCL (PIT) higher than 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.03; P = .026), high TMTV (>389 cm3; HR, 2.24; P = .01), high TLG (>875; HR, 3.77; P = .0005), and positive iPET (HR, 2.18; P = .009) were significantly associated with poorer progression‐free survival (PFS). On multivariate analysis, only high TLG and positive iPET independently predicted both poorer overall survival (OS) and PFS. A model combining TLG and iPET showed that patients with low TLG and negative iPET had superior outcomes, with a 5‐year PFS and OS of 72% and 90%, respectively. Conversely, both 5‐year PFS and OS for those with high TLG and positive iPET were 0%.

Conclusions

In summary, TLG combined with iPET predicted survival in PTCL more accurately. This information may help in the development of risk‐adapted treatment strategies for PTCL.
Active Carbon from Microwave Date Stones for Toxic Dye Removal: Setting the Design Capacity
Authors: Hijab Mouhammad S. , Parthasarathy Prakash , Li Puyu , Mackey Hamish R. , Al-Ansari Tareq , Mohammed Rafie Rushdy , McKay Gordon
Published: June 2020

The widely used toxic dye malachite green (MG) poses a significant risk to human health, having a mutagenic effect. Waste date stones were used to produce microwave‐activated carbons and were applied to adsorb the highly toxic dye. The critically important task of selecting the correct design adsorption capacity for different effluent pollutant concentrations to meet effluent discharge limit standards is described and a novel design selection criteria approach is presented.
Numerical simulation of thermal insulation and longevity performance in new lightweight ladle
Authors: Sun Ying , Tian Jinrong , Jiang Du , Tao Bo , Liu Ying , Yun Juntong , Chen Disi
Published: June 2020

For meeting the comprehensive requirements of “super insulation,” “lightweight,” and “longevity” of the contemporary ladle, this article designs a new kind of lightweight ladle with heat preservation and longevity performance, and based on steady‐state analysis method and numerical simulation technology, the comparison of temperature distribution between new lightweight and traditional ladle under typical operating modes is made and analyzed. The simulation results of temperature field prove that the performance of heat preservation in new kind of lightweight ladle has been improved obviously from the two aspects of ladle shell temperature and molten steel file rate. At the same time, the simulation results of stress field indicate that the stress of designed lightweight ladle reduced and distributed more evenly, which is conducive to prolonging the work time in‐service of the ladle. Finally, based on the field test, the simulation is proved to be effective, and the designed ladle structure achieves the expected purpose.
Sulphonamidic Groups as Electron‐Withdrawing Units in Ureido‐Based Anion Receptors: Enhanced Anion Complexation versus Deprotonation
Authors: Salvadori Karolína , Šimková Ludmila , Císařová Ivana , Sýkora Jan , Ludvík Jiří , Cuřínová Petra
Published: June 2020

A sulphonamidic moiety was utilized as an electron‐withdrawing group for enhancement of anion complexation features of urea‐based receptors. A series of receptors varying in acidity of sulphonamidic and urea NH groups was synthesized and thoroughly tested. The individual complexation properties reflect deprotonation/complexation equilibrium in a given molecule as a function of the substitution. The receptors containing electron‐donating groups in conjugation to the sulphonamidic moiety showed higher association constants towards H2PO4− and carboxylate anions, while those containing electron‐withdrawing groups inclined to deprotonation of sulphonamidic NH. The deprotonation issue can be avoided by alkylation at the early step of receptor synthesis or it can be utilized for insertion of suitable groups that enable its anchoring on various substrates to form more elaborated receptor structures.
Performance improvement of pulse width‐amplitude modulation‐based quasi‐Z‐source inverters: Analysis and implementation
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Mirzaee Afshin , Magnone Paolo , Moghani Javad , Mattavelli Paolo
Published: June 2020

Pulse width‐amplitude modulation (PWAM) have been widely used in recent years to mitigate switching losses as well as reducing passive components' size. This paper precisely investigates this modulation approach in quasi‐Z‐source inverters (qZSI). It will be concluded that the existence of capacitive paths from load to source in such converters causes two undesired behaviors while utilizing PWAM, which increases total harmonic distortion and semiconductor stresses. Bypassing the capacitive paths is proposed in this paper to alleviate these issues. In order to implement this approach, a bidirectional quasi‐Z‐source inverter is studied. A design procedure is presented to achieve a fast dynamic response for tracking reference voltage. The operation of both conventional and bidirectional qZSI under different loads including resistive and resistive–inductive loads is investigated in the simulation and experiment. According to experimental results, by utilizing bidirectional qZSI, THD is improved from 12.34% to 3.51% for a lag load. Moreover, the voltage stress of the semiconductor no longer exists.
Energy‐exergy performance assessment with optimization guidance for the components of the 396‐MW combined‐cycle power plant
Authors: Babaei Jamnani Mohammadreza , Kardgar Amin
Published: June 2020

In this study, energy‐exergy analysis is performed for the gas‐fired combined‐cycle power plant which will be constructed in Kuantan and Kapar in the Malay Peninsula in 2020. The main objectives of this current study are first and second law evaluation of the powerplant's main components consisting of the gas turbine unit, condenser, heat recovery steam generator, and triple‐pressure steam turbines. By energy‐exergy analysis, we can not only evaluate the exact magnitude of exergy destruction and efficiency in each component separately but analyze either major or trivial effects of environment condition variations on plant components. Performance effects are also pinpointed when the pressure ratio, reference temperature, HPT and condenser pressure, reheating and stack temperature change. In the current investigation, more than 808 MW of exergy destruction to the environment mainly occurs in the gas turbine cycle with around 83.79% of total exergy destruction, followed by HRSG (11.3%), steam turbines (roughly 2.58%), and condenser (2.54%). Additionally, exhaust gas fractions from the gas turbine across the combustor are calculated as well wherein the average molar fraction of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor is calculated to be 76.42%, 17.57%, 1.37%, and 4.64%, respectively. In conclusion, several constructive possibilities for CCPP’s performance development based on the obtained results are introduced. With regard to the construction of this project in 2020, energy‐exergy assessment, as well as optimization guidance, can be worthwhile for better modifying some operating conditions and taking advantage of the trivial destruction rate simultaneously.
Nonisothermal two‐phase modeling of the effect of linear nonuniform catalyst layer on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance
Authors: Sabzpoushan Seyedali , Jafari Mosleh Hassan , Kavian Soheil , Saffari Pour Mohsen , Mohammadi Omid , Aghanajafi Cyrus , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2020

In this research, it is investigated to numerically evaluate the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The performance is investigated through the nonuniformity gradient loading at the catalyst layer (CL) of the considered PEMFC. Computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate a 2D domain in which a steady‐state laminar compressible flow in two‐phase for the PEMFC has been considered. In this case, a particular nonuniform variation inside the CL along the channel is assumed. The nonuniform gradient is created using a nonisothermal domain to predict the flooding effects on the performance of the PEMFC. The computational domain is considered as the cathode of PEMFC, which is divided into three regions: a gas channel, a gas diffusion layer, and a CL. The loading variation inside the catalyst is defined as a constant slope along the channel. In order to find the optimum slope, different slope angles are analyzed. The results point out that the nonuniform loading distribution of the catalyst (platinum) along the channel could improve the fuel cell performance up to 1.6% and 5% for power density and voltage generation, respectively. It is inferred that it is better to use more catalyst in the final section of the channel if the performance is the main concern.
Higher‐order‐accurate numerical method for temporal stability simulations of Rayleigh‐Bénard‐Poiseuille flows
Authors: Hasan Md Kamrul , Gross Andreas
Published: June 2020

For Rayleigh‐Bénard‐Poiseuille flows, thermal stratification resulting from a wall‐normal temperature gradient together with an opposing gravitational field can lead to buoyancy‐driven instability. Moreover, for sufficiently large Reynolds numbers, viscosity‐driven instability can occur. Two higher‐order‐accurate methods based on the full and linearized Navier‐Stokes equations were developed for investigating the temporal stability of such flows. The new methods employ a spectral discretization in the homogeneous directions. In the wall‐normal direction, the convective and viscous terms are discretized with fifth‐order‐accurate biased and fourth‐order‐accurate central compact finite differences. A fourth‐order‐accurate explicit Runge‐Kutta method is employed for time integration. To validate the methods, the primary instability was investigated for different combinations of the Reynolds and Rayleigh number. The results from these primary stability investigations are consistent with linear stability theory results from the literature with respect to both the onset of the instability and the dependence of the temporal growth rate on the wave angle. For the cases with buoyancy‐driven instability, strong linear growth is observed for a broad range of spanwise wavenumbers. The largest growth rates are obtained for a wave angle of 90°. For the cases with viscosity‐driven instability, the linear growth rates are lower and the first mode to experience nonlinear growth is a higher harmonic with half the wavelength of the fundamental.