bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РАД И ЕКОНОМИЈА У СОЦИЈАЛНОМ УЧЕЊУ РУСКЕ ПРАВОСЛАВНЕ И РИМОКАТОЛИЧКЕ ЦРКВЕ
Authors: Ђурковић Миша
Published: March 2017

Руска православна црква је прва у православном све-ту почела да изграђује кодификовано социјално учење. Основни доку-мент објављен је 2000. године као основа за будући развој конкретнихпитања. У овом чланку аутор анализира позиције цркве у питањимарада и економије. Анализирају се адекватни делови документа из 2000.а затим и другог документа који је 2004. донет под именом Кодекс мо-ралних правила у економији. На крају се ови ставови пореде са учењемРимокатоличке цркве и истражују се последице ставова руске цркве наукупна друштвена кретања у Русији.
Сувереност држава између кризе међународног права и савремене политичке реалности
Authors: Савић Матеј
Published: March 2017

Од Боденовог схватања државне власти као сувере-не, тј. највише, самосталне, непрекидне и недјељиве, право, друштвои држава са својим најбитнијим квалитетом – сувереношћу државневласти, до данас су прошли кроз великe промјене. Сувереност државневласти и независност држава, јe све више релативан феномен, како изунутрашњег, тако и са спољашњег аспекта. Међународна заједница уцјелини, међународно право и воља заинтересованих субјеката међуна-родних односа имају све већи утицај на унутрашњи живот државе, доксе држави и њеној власти у доктрини приписују посебни квалитети каошто су ефективност, легалност, легитимност, демократичност итд.Савремена политичка реалност је таква да се у доктрини све чешћесувереност доводи у везу са посебним – ексклузивним ресурсима и капа-цитетима одређених држава, а не са квалитетом власти, елементимадржаве, или пак, вољом народа. Међутим, државна сувереност пред-ставља много више од основне агрегатне процјене ресурса и простедерегулације, јер без здраве државне организације и њеног суверените-та не може постојати, данас међународно прихваћен систем коорди-нације, нити било какав супранационални суверенитет, или пак општиправни поредак, који би државе међусобно могле успоставити.
РУСКА ПОЛИТИКА И ПОЛИТИКЕ ЗЕМАЉА БАЛКАНА ПОСЉЕДЊИХ ДЕЦЕНИЈА
Authors: Поплашен Никола
Published: March 2017

Ја сам у ситуацији само да телеграфски представим основну за-мисао излагања. Брзо ће бити видљиво и да је ова једнина „руска по-литика“ требала бити у множини - „руске политике“. Наиме, у свакомдруштву и свакој заједници политички процеси увијек производе раз-личите политике. Тешко је било гдје говорити о хомогености тзв. уну-трашње политике. Па ипак, поред свега, ми кажемо да државе имајуспољну политику или често како кажемо - међународну политику. Мо-рам да се осврнем најмање на оно што је руско и оно што је балканскипростор у 20. вијеку. На примјер, у држави која се звала СССР (Савезсовјетских социјалистичких република) постојала је не тако видљиваи не тако убједљива руска политика. Постојала је поред ње и оно штосе зове комунистичка (интернационалистичка, социјалистичка, бољше-вичка политика). Постојале су и неке националне политике које нисубиле руске. То је видљиво из неких украјинских, бјелоруских и другихоријентација и ангажмана унутар Хитлерових јединица у току Другогсвјетског рата. Постојале су далекоисточне политике, тамо преко Ура-ла које слабо познајем, али је сасвим евидентно из литературе да могуда се опишу као такве. Слична је ствар у првој и другој Југославији. Упрвој Југославији јасно је да је вођство Краљевине Југославије ималонеку државну политику и да су поред ње постојале разне националнеполитике.
КУЛТУРНО-ХУМАНИТАРНА САРАДЊА РУСИЈЕ И РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ
Authors: Астанпенкова Ирина
Published: March 2017

Хуманистичка сарадња Русије и Европске Уније је ефикасанинструмент меке моћи. При том тај термин има много значења и уРусији оно подразумијева нешто много више него у Европи, много ширенего у остатку Европе. Управо култура је централни тренутак у развојучовјечанства. Она спречава сукобе, подстиче међукултурни дијалог иоткрива пут у јединство у различитостима. На првом је мјесту сарадња уобласти културе и кинематографије. Ми смо први показали православнецртане филмове у Андрићграду 2013. године, који су доживјели великиуспјех и показивали су се након тога још двије недеље у Андрићграду. Тоније било само приказивање филмова, него је вођен дијалог између дјецеи богослова. Ове године смо помогли у организацији доласка госпођеИване Жигон и ансамбла „Косовски божури“ у Санкт Петербург. То јечовјек који већ дуго година помаже дјеци Косова и јако воли Србијуи чини све да би помогао што је више могуће. Сљедеће је сарадњау области образовања. То подразумијева закључивање споразумаизмеђу образовних установа. Одазвао нам се један факултет из СанктПетербурга. Нажалост, у Србији нисмо нашли партнера који би могаоодговорити на тако висок ниво захтјева. Јако је важно да кажемо даје „Завјет“ добио грант од фонда „Руски мир“ за организацију курсеваруског језика у Бијељини. Први пут смо успјели дати подршку задолазак дјеце из српских земаља у омладински камп „Пријатељство- сјећање генерација“ и међународни омладински археолошки камп„Велики Новгород“ о историјском сјећању генерација. Једини услов којисмо поставили пред учеснике је било да знају барем мало руски језик.Сљедећа активност коју ми подржавамо и којом се бавимо је развој ијачање обостраних веза у области музеја и библиотекарства.
TOKVILOV DOPRINOS POLITIČKOJ SOCIOLOGIJI
Authors: Pavlović Vukašin
Published: March 2017

Po mnogima je francuski politički mislilac Aleksis de Tokvil (Alexis deTocqueville) preteča sistematske političke sociologije.2 Ejbrahem Ajzenštat(Abraham Eisenstadt) izričito kaže za Tokvilovu čuvenu knjigu Demokratijau Americi : « Tokvil je napisao studiju o društvu i politici, koja se tačno možeklasifikovati kao politička sociologija»3. U uvodnom predgovoru za engleskoizdanje ove knjige Džon Stjuart Mil (John Stuart Mill) kaže da je to takva knjigakakvu bi još samo Monteskje mogao da napiše.4Ako je, kako veli Moris Diverže, Monteskje osnivač moderne političkesociologije, onda je Tokvil jedan od prvih i najistaknutijih pripadnika te škole.I Monteskje i Tokvil su istinski izdanci evropskog prosvetiteljstva. Obojicadele istu kosmopolitsku orijentaciju. Doba prosvetiteljstva je bilo ne samo dobaneograničenog poverenja u obrazovanje i nauku već, takođe, i doba putovanjai upoznavanja razlika među civilizacijama, nacijama, kulturama, religijama. ITokvil je, kao i Monteskje, voleo da putuje i da upoznaje druge narode i kulture.Otuda ne iznenađuje da su obojica odbacivala evropocentrizam i delila stanovištekulturnog relativizma, koje uvažava sve osobene kulture i koje ne gleda savisine na kulturu, navike i običaje drugih naroda.
PRIMJENA MARKETINGA U POLITICI
Authors: Marić Ivana
Published: March 2017

Višestranački politički sistem doveo je do potrebe nadmetanjapolitičkih stranaka pa se u skladu s tim javila i potreba za marketinškimpristupom u politici koji pomaže boljoj političkoj prodaji. Politika se na osnovubogatog iskustva političkog djelovanja poslužila postojećim, razvijenimmetodama i tehnikama komercijalnog marketinga. Ono što političkommarketingu daje draž je otvorenost priznanja da su politika i političari robakoja se prodaje na političkom tržištu. Politički marketing je cjelokupan načindjelovanja političkih stranaka koji pred sebe postavlja sljedeća osnovnapitanja: kako se birači opredjeljuju; šta utječe na njihovo opredjeljenje ikako se na njega može djelovati. Primjena političkog marketinga u Bosni iHercegovini još uvijek nije na zadovoljavajućem nivou, ali spoznaja o značajuprimjene marketinga u politici je u porastu.
ИНФОРМАЦИОНИМ МАГИСТРАЛАМА КА ГЛОБАЛНОМ СЕЛУ
Authors: Томић Бобан
Published: March 2017

У најновијој серији библиотеке Мултимедија, београдске изда-вачке куће „Клио“, која ову библиотеку однедавно публикује заједноса Јавном медијском установом „Радио-телевизија Србије“, објављенаје књига Мирољуба Радојковића, Бранимира Стојковића и АлександраВрањеша под насловом „Међународно комуницирање у информацио-ном друштву“. Радојковић и Стојковић су професори Факултета поли-тичких наука Универзитета у Београду, а Врањеш је виши асистентФакултета политичких наука Универзитета у Бањој Луци. Иако својимдосадашњим радом аутори функционишу у истом научном пољу хума-нистичких наука, уже специјалности и интересовања њиховог стручноги научног проседеа су различита. То књизи није дало проблематичнудозу вишка компетентности, напротив саображавајући гледишта иискуства сопствених научних посматрања, ова три аутора творе цело-вит и кохерентан преглед савременог међународног комуницирања.
SOCIJALNI RAD U SISTEMIMA ZDRAVSTVENE ZAŠTITE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
Authors: Rakanović Radonjić Andrea
Published: March 2017

Zdravstveni sistemi u Bosni i Hercegovini nalaze se pred izazovomkako uspješno vršiti funkciju ostvarivanja zdravstvene zaštite i kako uuslovima osiromašenja pružiti kvalitetne zdravstvene usluge, te brinuti oočuvanju i unaprijeđenju zdravlja stanovništva. Socijalni rad posredstvomsocijalnih radnika kao profesionalaca u sistemu zdravstvene zaštite je naudaru, jer su profesionalci osnovni resurs za funkcionisanje sistema.Očekivano je da socijalni rad u zdravstvenom sistemu zauzima značajnomjesto, te da je uloga socijalnog radnika u zdravstvenim sistemima Bosne iHercegovine velika i jasno definisana. U radu su predstavljeni rezultatiistraživanja koje je sprovedeno na području cijele Bosne i Hercegovine.Populaciju su činile zdravstvene ustanove sa sva tri nivoa zdravstvenezaštite koje zapošljavaju socijalne radnike, dok je uzorak bio ukupan brojzaposlenih socijalnih radnika u sistemima zdravstvene zaštite u Bosni iHercegovini. Tokom istraživanja korištena je metoda ispitivanja, tehnikaanketni upitnik posebno kreiran za ovu namjenu. Rezultati istraživanja supokazali da se socijalnom radu u sistemima zdravstvene zaštite ne pridajedovoljan značaj, te da se socijalni rad ne posmatra kao bitan faktor upostizanju i održavanju zdravlja kao fizičkog, zdravstvenog i socijalnogblagostanja. Socijalni radnik kao profesionalac je marginalizovan. Velikibroj ustanova zdravstvene zaštite nemaju zaposlene socijalne radnike štoupućuje na činjenicu da sistemi zdravstvene zaštite nisu prepoznali značajsocijalnog rada kao profesije u očuvanju i unaprijeđenju zdravlja. Socijalniradnici ne promovišu socijalni rad u zdravstvenom sistemu niti uvode noveusluge u socijalnom radu u zdravstvenim sistemima.
Scaffold-mediated gating of Cdc42 signalling flux
Authors: Rapali Péter , Mitteau Romain , Braun Craig , Massoni-Laporte Aurèlie , Ünlü Caner , Bataille Laure , Arramon Floriane Saint , Gygi Steven P , McCusker Derek
Published: March 2017

Scaffold proteins modulate signalling pathway activity spatially and temporally. In budding yeast, the scaffold Bem1 contributes to polarity axis establishment by regulating the GTPase Cdc42. Although different models have been proposed for Bem1 function, there is little direct evidence for an underlying mechanism. Here, we find that Bem1 directly augments the guanine exchange factor (GEF) activity of Cdc24. Bem1 also increases GEF phosphorylation by the p21-activated kinase (PAK), Cla4. Phosphorylation abrogates the scaffold-dependent stimulation of GEF activity, rendering Cdc24 insensitive to additional Bem1. Thus, Bem1 stimulates GEF activity in a reversible fashion, contributing to signalling flux through Cdc42. The contribution of Bem1 to GTPase dynamics was borne-out by in vivo imaging: active Cdc42 was enriched at the cell pole in hypophosphorylated cdc24 mutants, while hyperphosphorylated cdc24 mutants that were resistant to scaffold stimulation displayed a deficit in active Cdc42 at the pole. These findings illustrate the self-regulatory properties that scaffold proteins confer on signalling pathways.
Partial loss of genes might open therapeutic window
Authors: Liu Bo , Abdel-Wahab Omar
Published: March 2017

The loss of genes that encode RNA splicing factors weakens cancer cells in a way that could be exploited by new approaches to treatment.
Management of Professionals in School Practices
Authors: Jacobsen Alice Juel , Buch Anders
Published: March 2017

This article investigates organizational reform changes as they are constructed in the interaction between managers and teachers in a school context. The empirical basis is comprised of case studies carried out in Danish upper secondary schools. An ethnographic approach and a concept of paradox related to an understanding of professionals are used to investigate the practices involved in the change processes. The article argues that the ambiguity of a primus inter pares management position among professionals leads to several paradoxes, deadlocks, and detours, all of which affect the work for change in the schools. Significant paradoxes are identified on the basis of the empirical material, and methodological advantages of a proposed paradox perspective, are demonstrated.
The Professions in Modernity and the Society of the Future: A Theoretical Approach to Understanding the Polyvalent Logics of Professional Work
Authors: Vogd Werner
Published: March 2017

In this article, I draw attention to the societal arrangements that permit or produce the autonomy of professions since professionals have the task of holding the tension among different perspectives. To do so, they must apply differing, irreconcilable logics of reflection and balance them in their decision-making. To gain a differentiated understanding of the complexities of these processes, I propose a metatheoretical conceptualization of the dynamics of professions based on Gotthard Günther’s theory of “polycontexturality,” which can be used both to analyse the interaction processes and to embed them in society. I illustrate this argument with an example from the field of medical treatment. The proposed approach also lays the basis for a differentiated understanding of phenomena, which psychoanalysis has traditionally described in terms of transference and countertransference.
Coping with Crises: A Neo-Classical View on Professions
Authors: Münte Peter , Scheid Claudia
Published: March 2017

The classical view in the sociology of professions is rooted in Parsons’ work. By using the term “profession,” this view tries to distinguish a class of occupations that serves a specific function in society. As is well known, such a functional view in the sociology of professions came under attack in the 1970s, when professionalization processes were increasingly analyzed in terms of interests and power. In this article, we have pointed out the theoretical and empirical relevance of a line of thought that emerged in the 1980s in the German-speaking academic world. It has revitalized a functional approach based on research into the interaction between professionals and their clients. The general idea that has emerged is that research into the microstructures of professional action could reveal a societal function that would explain the particular institutional features ascribed to professions.
From Dyad to Triad: Mediatization and Emerging Risks for Professional Autonomy
Authors: Pfadenhauer Michaela , Kirschner Heiko
Published: March 2017

With the emergence and spread of digital media, more business models foster and empower client participation in medical professions. With services and products ranging from rating platforms to apps targeting self-diagnosis, these businesses transform the client–practitioner relationship yet risk undermining a central pillar of professions—autonomy. Practitioners have to take legal actions against these business models, making visible the frictional interplay among the involved actors. This development calls for an analytical understanding of how this technology-induced cultural change affects professions and discourses on professionalism. We argue that a perspective on how practitioners deal with these challenges in various situations can be beneficial. Hence, we conceptualize professionals as engaged in identifying, assessing and managing risks for themselves and their clients. The emerging risk-management practices lead to an understanding of how this apparent cultural change plays an increasingly meaningful role for research on how professionalism regarding legitimation of authority is negotiated.
Barriers to Professional Recognition: Experiences of Zimbabwean Engineers in South Africa
Authors: Chikarara Splagchna Ngoni
Published: March 2017

This paper discusses the challenges faced by Zimbabwean engineers as they strive for professional recognition in South Africa. A case study of Zimbabwean engineers is used as an example to explore how a South African professional association dealt with an inflow of migrant professionals from within the African continent. Data was collected through semi-structured individual and group interviews. The findings reveal that the process to become a licenced professional engineer was ambiguous, highly subjective, unnecessarily long, and complex. Furthermore, the Engineering Council of South Africa’s re-accreditation process under-valued their working experience and educational qualifications. Despite being employed in very senior positions for at least three years at the time of the interviews, the participants in this study were not registered as professional engineers. Thus, I argue that the Engineering Council of South Africa is mainly concerned with protecting the interests of the powerful elite in the profession.
Moving messages in the developing brain—emerging roles for mRNA transport and local translation in neural stem cells
Authors: Pilaz Louis‐Jan , Silver Debra L.
Published: March 2017

The mammalian cerebral cortex is a complex brain structure integral to our higher cognition. During embryonic cortical development, radial glial progenitors (RGCs) produce neurons and serve as physical structures for migrating neurons. Recent discoveries highlight new roles for RNA localization and local translation in RGCs, both at the cell body and at distal structures called basal endfeet. By implementing technologies from the field of RNA research to brain development, investigators can manipulate RNA‐binding proteins as well as visualize single‐molecule RNAs, live movement of mRNAs and their binding proteins, and translation. Going forward, these studies establish a framework for investigating how post‐transcriptional RNA regulation helps shape RGC function and triggers neurodevelopmental diseases.
Histone deacetylase activity mediates acquired resistance towards structurally diverse HSP90 inhibitors
Authors: Chai Ryan C. , Vieusseux Jessica L. , Lang Benjamin J. , Nguyen Chau H. , Kouspou Michelle M. , Britt Kara L. , Price John T.
Published: March 2017

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) regulates multiple signalling pathways critical for tumour growth. As such, HSP90 inhibitors have been shown to act as effective anticancer agents in preclinical studies but, for a number of reasons, the same effect has not been observed in the clinical trials to date. One potential reason for this may be the presence of de novo or acquired resistance within the tumours. To investigate mechanisms of resistance, we generated resistant cell lines through gradual dose escalation of the HSP90 inhibitor 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG). The resultant resistant cell lines maintained their respective levels of resistance (7–240×) in the absence of 17‐AAG and were also cross‐resistant with other benzoquinone ansamycin HSP90 inhibitors. Expression of members of the histone deacetylase family (HDAC 1, 5, 6) was altered in the resistant cells. To determine whether HDAC activity contributed to resistance, pan‐HDAC inhibitors (TSA and LBH589) and the class II HDAC‐specific inhibitor SNDX275 were found to resensitize resistant cells towards 17‐AAG and 17‐dimethylaminoethylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin. Most significantly, resistant cells were also identified as cross‐resistant towards structurally distinct HSP90 inhibitors such as radicicol and the second‐generation HSP90 inhibitors CCT018159, VER50589 and AUY922. HDAC inhibition also resensitized resistant cells towards these classes of HSP90 inhibitors. In conclusion, we report that prolonged 17‐AAG treatment results in acquired resistance of cancer cells towards not just 17‐AAG but also to a spectrum of structurally distinct HSP90 inhibitors. This acquired resistance can be inhibited using clinically relevant HDAC inhibitors. This work supports the potential benefit of using HSP90 and HDAC inhibitors in combination within the clinical setting.
Impact of silica diagenesis on the porosity of fine‐grained strata: An analysis of Cenozoic mudstones from the North Sea
Authors: Wrona Thilo , Taylor Kevin G. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Huuse Mads , Najorka Jens , Pan Indranil
Published: March 2017

Silica diagenesis has the potential to drastically change the physical and fluid flow properties of its host strata and therefore plays a key role in the development of sedimentary basins. The specific processes involved in silica diagenesis are, however, still poorly explained by existing models. This knowledge gap is addressed by investigating the effect of silica diagenesis on the porosity of Cenozoic mudstones of the North Viking Graben, northern North Sea through a multiple linear regression analysis. First, we identify and quantify the mineralogy of these rocks by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. Mineral contents and host rock porosity data inferred from wireline data of two exploration wells are then analyzed by multiple linear regressions. This robust statistical analysis reveals that biogenic opal‐A is a significant control and authigenic opal‐CT is a minor influence on the porosity of these rocks. These results suggest that the initial porosity of siliceous mudstones increases with biogenic opal‐A production during deposition and that the porosity reduction during opal‐A/CT transformation results from opal‐A dissolution. These findings advance our understanding of compaction, dewatering, and lithification of siliceous sediments and rocks. Moreover, this study provides a recipe for the derivation of the key controls (e.g., composition) on a rock property (e.g., porosity) that can be applied to a variety of problems in rock physics.
Subsidence at Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field and postseismic slip along the Indiviso fault from 2011 to 2016 RADARSAT‐2 DInSAR time series analysis
Authors: Samsonov Sergey V. , Feng Wanpeng , Fialko Yuri
Published: March 2017

We present RADARSAT‐2 Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) observations of deformation due to fluid extraction at the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field (CPGF) and afterslip on the 2010 M7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah (EMC) earthquake rupture during 2011–2016. Advanced multidimensional time series analysis reveals subsidence at the CPGF with the maximum rate greater than 100 mm/yr accompanied by horizontal motion (radial contraction) at a rate greater than 30 mm/yr. During the same time period, more than 30 mm of surface creep occurred on the Indiviso fault ruptured by the EMC earthquake. We performed inversions of DInSAR data to estimate the rate of volume changes at depth due to the geothermal production at the CPGF and the distribution of afterslip on the Indiviso fault. The maximum coseismic slip due to the EMC earthquake correlates with the Coulomb stress changes on the Indiviso fault due to fluid extraction at the CPGF. Afterslip occurs on the periphery of maximum coseismic slip areas. Time series analysis indicates that afterslip still occurs 6 years after the earthquake.
Parameterization‐based uncertainty in future lightning flash density
Authors: Clark Spencer K. , Ward Daniel S. , Mahowald Natalie M.
Published: March 2017

In this study we implement eight lightning parameterizations in the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM5), evaluate the performance of the parameterizations in the present climate, and test the sensitivity of future lightning activity to the choice of parameterization. In the present day, the annual mean lightning flash densities in simulations constrained by reanalysis data show the highest spatial correlation to satellite observations for parameterizations based either on cloud top height (0.83) or cold cloud depth (0.80). Under future scenarios using representative concentration pathways, changes in global mean lightning flash density are highly sensitive to the parameterization chosen, with cloud top height schemes, a cold cloud depth scheme, and a scheme based on convective mass flux projecting large increases (36% to 45%), a mild increase (12.6%), and a decrease (−6.7%) in lightning flash density, respectively, under the RCP8.5 scenario, which causes a 3.4 K warming between 1996–2005 and 2079–2088.
Voluntary Remembering: Elucidating the Mental Strategies Used to Recall the Past
Authors: Mace John H. , Clevinger Amanda M. , Delaney Dayna M. , Mendez Amanda S. , Simpson Stephen H.
Published: March 2017

This study investigated the possibility that people use multiple different types of voluntary retrieval strategies when they are attempting to recall past episodes. In two experiments, we used a retrieve out loud procedure where participants were required to verbalize their thoughts while attempting to retrieve personal memories in response to phrase cues. In Experiment 1, we hypothesized that three main types of voluntary retrieval strategies would be evident during the retrieve out loud procedure, repeating, temporal, and generative/hierarchical retrieval. The results confirmed our hypothesis, showing that the three strategies were used equally. In Experiment 2, we examined the retrieval speed and success rates of the three strategies. The results showed that the repeating strategy was statistically faster than the other two strategies, while also showing that the temporal strategy had the least success in generating memories.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Feedback and Reflection on the Questioning Style of Untrained Interviewers in Simulated Child Sexual Abuse Interviews
Authors: Krause Niels , Pompedda Francesco , Antfolk Jan , Zappalá Angelo , Santtila Pekka
Published: March 2017

We provided immediate and detailed feedback in a training paradigm in which simulated interviews with computer‐generated avatars were used to improve interviewers' questioning style. Fifty‐nine untrained student/interviewers conducted eight interviews each and were randomly assigned to a control, feedback or feedback and reflection group. Compared to the control group, the groups receiving feedback used a higher percentage of recommended questions and retrieved more relevant details while using a lower percentage of not recommended questions and retrieved less wrong details. Only the groups that received feedback reached a reliable change in the proportion of recommended questions. The reflection intervention proposed in the present study did not enhance training effects above and beyond feedback in the present sample. The present study replicated previous findings regarding the role of feedback in improving the quality of investigative interviews, however, failing to show an effect of reflection. Further studies on different reflection tasks are suggested.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Sexual Programme Content on the Recall of Foreign Sexual and Non‐sexual Advertisements
Authors: Toverljani Anita , McClelland Alastair , Furnham Adrian
Published: March 2017

This study explored the effect of programme content (sexual and non‐sexual) on the recall of sexual and non‐sexual advertisements. Seventy‐eight participants were allocated randomly to four different groups and viewed either a sexual or non‐sexual programme with either sexual or non‐sexual advertisements placed within. Free recall and cued recall of the advertisements were assessed. The sexual content of programmes impaired advertisement recall, for both free recall and cued recall. Furthermore, advertisements that were of a sexual nature were remembered better than neutral advertisements. There was also an interaction between advertisement type and gender; women remembered more sexual than non‐sexual advertisements, but this was not the case for men. Finally, there was an interaction between programme type and gender, with a marked tendency for men to recall fewer advertisements embedded in the sexual programme than women. Limitations and implications of this research are discussed.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transparent and Robust Silica Coatings with Dual Range Porosity for Enzyme‐Based Optical Biosensing
Authors: Pérez‐Anguiano Oswaldo , Wenger Bernard , Pugin Raphaël , Scolan Emmanuel , Hofmann Heinrich
Published: March 2017

Hierarchically porous transparent silica coatings combine large specific surface area with enhanced pore accessibility for optical biosensing. This paper describes a versatile approach to fabricate optically transparent silica coatings with multiscale porosity. Thin films (around 1 μm in thickness) of an aqueous suspension of primary silica aggregates form a mesoporous, interconnected matrix, and sacrificial polymer particles template well‐defined, discrete macropores with high structural integrity. The total surface area achieved is around 200 m2 g−1 with mesopore sizes of 20–40 nm and macropores of 250 nm, with a total porosity of 84%. The macro/meso dual range of porosity allows enhanced biocatalyst loadings of l‐lactate dehydrogenase for detection of lactate. The functionalized films showed a linear response within the range of interest of 1–20 × 10−3m of lactate. These biosensing coatings therefore strongly enhance sensitivity, speed and reliability of optically based lactate detection as compared to classical thin films with monomodal mesopore structure. Particle‐based simulations and experiments reveal that both the location and connectivity of the macropores control the biosensing performance. The coatings and procedure presented here are versatile, scalable, inexpensive, and are therefore compatible with a wide range of deposition techniques suitable for industrial and health care applications.
Selective Nanoscale Mass Transport across Atomically Thin Single Crystalline Graphene Membranes
Authors: Kidambi Piran R. , Boutilier Michael S. H. , Wang Luda , Jang Doojoon , Kim Jeehwan , Karnik Rohit
Published: March 2017

Atomically thin single crystals, without grain boundaries and associated defect clusters, represent ideal systems to study and understand intrinsic defects in materials, but probing them collectively over large area remains nontrivial. In this study, the authors probe nanoscale mass transport across large‐area (≈0.2 cm2) single‐crystalline graphene membranes. A novel, polymer‐free picture frame assisted technique, coupled with a stress‐inducing nickel layer is used to transfer single crystalline graphene grown on silicon carbide substrates to flexible polycarbonate track etched supports with well‐defined cylindrical ≈200 nm pores. Diffusion‐driven flow shows selective transport of ≈0.66 nm hydrated K+ and Cl− ions over ≈1 nm sized small molecules, indicating the presence of selective sub‐nanometer to nanometer sized defects. This work presents a framework to test the barrier properties and intrinsic quality of atomically thin materials at the sub‐nanometer to nanometer scale over technologically relevant large areas, and suggests the potential use of intrinsic defects in atomically thin materials for molecular separations or desalting.
Observation of Interfacial Damage in a Silk‐Epoxy Composite, Using a Simple Mechanoresponsive Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Woodcock Jeremiah W. , Beams Ryan , Davis Chelsea S. , Chen Ning , Stranick Stephan J. , Shah Darshil U. , Vollrath Fritz , Gilman Jeffrey W.
Published: March 2017

Polymer composites are found throughout the world both natural and artificial in origin. In the vast majority of applications, composites serve as structural support or reinforcement roles. Demand for lightweight tough composites is growing in multiple application spaces such as areospace, biomaterials, and infrastructure with physical properties as diverse as the applications. The unifying component in all composites is the presence of an interphase. Many measurement techniques and measurement tools have been developed for the study of this crucial region in composite materials. Many of these methods are great for the measurment and study of bulk properties or model systems. However, development of methods that permit the direct observation of interactions at the interphase during applied stress are needed. Here we employ fluorescence lifetime imaging and hyperspectral imaging to observe activation of a fluorogenic dye at the composite interface as a result of applied stress. The advantages of this sytem include commercial availability of the dye precursor, and simple one‐pot functionalization. The attachment of the dye at the interface is easily monitored through emission wavelength shifts and fluorescence lifetime variations. Interfacial mechano‐responsive dyes have potential for both fundamental studies as well as industrial use as a structural health monitoring tool.
Thick‐Film High‐Performance Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells Retaining 90% PCEs of the Optimized Thin Film Cells
Authors: Yin Hang , Cheung Sin Hang , Ngai Jenner H. L. , Ho Carr Hoi Yi , Chiu Ka Lok , Hao Xiaotao , Li Ho Wa , Cheng Yuanhang , Tsang Sai Wing , So Shu Kong
Published: March 2017

Most optimized, high performance, bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells have an active layer thickness of about 100 nm. The thin active layer is unfavorable for optical absorption and film coating. This contribution employs a ternary cell to address this problem. In this paper, thick BHJ cells can be fabricated that retain 90% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the optimized thin‐film cells. The BHJs under investigations are PTB7:PC71BM, PTB7‐Th:PC71BM, and P3HT:PCBM. Into these BHJs, a ternary component, p‐DTS(fbtth2)2 (DTS) is introduced. Without DTS, the binary thick‐film devices (≈200, ≈200, and ≈400 nm) have PCEs of 6.3%, 7.4%, and 3.2%. With DTS, the corresponding BHJs have markedly improved PCEs of 7.6%, 8.3%, and 3.9%, respectively. The results are more than 90% the PCEs of the optimized binary BHJs. The origins of the improvement are investigated. Addition of the ternary component DTS enhances hole mobility and reduces trap states. Both observations are well correlated with improved fill factors of the ternary BHJ cells. Photothermal deflection spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance are used to trace the electronic and the nanoscale interactions of the DTS with the polymer and fullerene. The results suggest the DTS behaves as a conducting bridge in between two neighboring polymer segments.
Diversity and Community: The Role of Agent‐Based Modeling
Authors: Stivala Alex
Published: March 2017

Community psychology involves several dialectics between potentially opposing ideals, such as theory and practice, rights and needs, and respect for human diversity and sense of community. Some recent papers in the American Journal of Community Psychology have examined the diversity‐community dialectic, some with the aid of agent‐based modeling and concepts from network science. This paper further elucidates these concepts and suggests that research in community psychology can benefit from a useful dialectic between agent‐based modeling and the real‐world concerns of community psychology.
An Electrophilic Carbene‐Anchored Silylene–Phosphinidene
Authors: Kundu Subrata , Li Bin , Kretsch Johannes , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Andrada Diego M. , Frenking Gernot , Stalke Dietmar , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: March 2017

The cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene‐anchored silylene–phosphinidene was isolated as L−Si−P(:cAAC−Me) (L=benzamidinate) at room temperature, synthesized from the reduction of L−Si(Cl2)−P(:cAAC−Me) (1) using two equivalents of KC8. Compound 1 was prepared by the oxidative addition of a chlorophosphinidene to the benzamidinate substituted silylene center. This is the first molecular example of a silylene–phosphinidene characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis. Moreover, 1H, 31P, and also 29Si NMR spectroscopic data supported the formulation of the products. The theoretical calculations of compound 2 are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Bony Pits in the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) and Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Bill Tip
Authors: Crole Martina R. , Soley John T.
Published: March 2017

A specialized region of the bill tip characterized by a complex arrangement of mechanoreceptors and referred to as a bill tip organ, has been identified in numerous avians. A bill tip organ was initially inferred in kiwi species by the presence of numerous, bony pits in the rostrum of the bill, and later confirmed histologically. This study enumerates and compares the number and distribution of pits present in the bill tip in the ostrich and emu. The heads from 10 ostrich and 5 emu were prepared for osteological examination. The pattern and total number of pits was similar between the two species. However, the ostrich had significantly more pits in the regions underlying the Culmen and Gonys, whereas the emu displayed significantly more pits in the dorsal part of the mandibular rostrum. The relatively even distribution of pits in the inner and outer surfaces of both the mandibular and maxillary rostra suggest that the bill tip of the ostrich and emu are equally sensitive externally and intra‐orally, as opposed to probing birds, where the major concentration of pits is located on the outer surfaces of the bill tips. The presence of pits in the bill tips of extant paleaognaths may be of relevance in interpreting the pits in the rostra of extinct therapod dinosaurs. The presence of bony pits in a region which is also well supplied with sensory nerves is highly suggestive of a bill tip organ in the ostrich and emu and which needs to be confirmed histologically. Anat Rec, 300:1705–1715, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of Hantzsch reaction for development of highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for determination of alfuzosin and terazosin in bulk, dosage forms and human plasma
Authors: Hammad Mohamed A. , Omar Mahmoud A. , Salman Baher I.
Published: March 2017

A highly sensitive, cheap, simple and accurate spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of alfuzosin hydrochloride and terazosin hydrochloride in their pharmaceutical dosage forms and in human plasma. The developed method is based on the reaction of the primary amine moiety in the studied drugs with acetylacetone and formaldehyde according to the Hantzsch reaction, producing yellow fluorescent products that can be measured spectrofluorimetrically at 480 nm after excitation at 415 nm. Different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the reaction products were carefully studied and optimized. The fluorescence–concentration plots of alfuzosin and terazosin were rectilinear over a concentration range of 70–900 ng ml−1, with quantitation limits 27.1 and 32.2 ng ml−1 for alfuzosin and terazosin, respectively. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and successfully applied to the analysis of the investigated drugs in dosage forms, content uniformity test and spiked human plasma with high accuracy.
Better understanding of homologous recombination through a 12‐week laboratory course for undergraduates majoring in biotechnology
Authors: Li Ming , Shen Xiaodong , Zhao Yan , Hu Xiaomei , Hu Fuquan , Rao Xiancai
Published: March 2017

Homologous recombination, a central concept in biology, is defined as the exchange of DNA strands between two similar or identical nucleotide sequences. Unfortunately, undergraduate students majoring in biotechnology often experience difficulties in understanding the molecular basis of homologous recombination. In this study, we developed and implemented a 12‐week laboratory course for biotechnology undergraduates in which gene targeting in Streptococcus suis was used to facilitate their understanding of the basic concept and process of homologous recombination. Students worked in teams of two to select a gene of interest to create a knockout mutant using methods that relied on homologous recombination. By integrating abstract knowledge and practice in the process of scientific research, students gained hands‐on experience in molecular biology techniques while learning about the principle and process of homologous recombination. The learning outcomes and survey‐based assessment demonstrated that students substantially enhanced their understanding of how homologous recombination could be used to study gene function. Overall, the course was very effective for helping biotechnology undergraduates learn the theory and application of homologous recombination, while also yielding positive effects in developing confidence and scientific skills for future work in research. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(4):329–335, 2017.
Prevalence of potential sports‐associated risk factors in Swiss amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
Authors: Feddermann‐Demont Nina , Junge Astrid , Weber Konrad P. , Weller Michael , Dvořák Jiří , Tarnutzer Alexander A.
Published: March 2017

Objectives

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been reported to occur with increased incidence amongst physically active people. The role of extrinsic risk factors as physical activity, head trauma and drug/pesticide‐exposure in the pathophysiology of ALS and especially in the context of practising sports remains controversial.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively studied exposure to extrinsic factors in 92 ALS patients in the presymptomatic stage. Metabolic equivalents (METs) were calculated and the association of physical activity, drug intake, head trauma and participation in specific sports (football [soccer], ice hockey) with age at symptom‐onset was evaluated.

Results

Ninety‐five percent of patients considered themselves physically active before symptom‐onset. Total MET‐values varied broadly and there was no correlation between vigorous physical activity and age at symptom‐onset. Mild traumatic brain injury (prevalence = 16.7%) was the most frequent diagnosis after head/neck injury. A history of ≥1 head/neck injuries was associated with a younger age at symptom‐onset (61.8 ± 11.0 vs. 54.1 ± 13.0, p = .013). In former football and ice hockey players the rate of vigorous physical activities was increased (p < .05), whereas total MET‐values, frequency of head injuries and analgesic intake were not different compared to other ALS patients.

Conclusions

History of head injuries was the only extrinsic risk factor associated with accelerated neurodegeneration in ALS. There was no evidence for extrinsic factors predisposing former football and ice hockey players to ALS. Our data therefore support the hypothesis that not increased physical activity per se, but other unknown environmental factors and/or genetic profile or lifestyle‐promoting physical fitness increases ALS susceptibility.
Dietary consumption of monosodium L‐glutamate induces adaptive response and reduction in the life span of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Abolaji Amos O. , Olaiya Charles O. , Oluwadahunsi Oluwagbenga J. , Farombi Ebenezer O.
Published: March 2017

Adaptive response is the ability of an organism to better counterattack stress‐induced damage in response to a number of different cytotoxic agents. Monosodium L‐glutamate (MSG), the sodium salt of amino acid glutamate, is commonly used as a food additive. We investigated the effects of MSG on the life span and antioxidant response in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster). Both genders (1 to 3 days old) of flies were fed with diet containing MSG (0.1, 0.5, and 2.5‐g/kg diet) for 5 days to assess selected antioxidant and oxidative stress markers, while flies for longevity were fed for lifetime. Thereafter, the longevity assay, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species levels were determined. Also, catalase, glutathione S‐transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities, and total thiol content were evaluated in the flies. We found that MSG reduced the life span of the flies by up to 23% after continuous exposure. Also, MSG increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and H2O2 generations and total thiol content as well as the activities of catalase and glutathione S‐transferase in D. melanogaster (P < .05). In conclusion, consumption of MSG for 5 days by D. melanogaster induced adaptive response, but long‐term exposure reduced life span of flies. This study may therefore have public health significance in humans, and thus, moderate consumption of MSG is advocated by the authors.
Ratio of systolic blood pressure to left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure at the time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention predicts in‐hospital mortality in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Sola Michael , Venkatesh Kiran , Caughey Melissa , Rayson Robert , Dai Xuming , Stouffer George A. , Yeung Michael
Published: March 2017

Objective

To determine the ability of simple hemodynamic parameters obtained at the time of cardiac catheterization to predict in‐hospital mortality following ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Background

Hemodynamic parameters measured at the time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) could potentially identify high‐risk patients who would benefit from aggressive hemodynamic support in the Cardiac Catheterization laboratory.

Methods

This is a retrospective single‐center study of 219 consecutive patients with STEMI. Left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and aortic diastolic blood pressure were obtained after successful revascularization. The prognostic ability of LVEDP, pulse pressure, and SBP/LVEDP ratio were compared to major mortality risk scores.

Results

Patients had a mean age of 60 ±14 years, were predominantly white (73%), male (64%), with anterior wall infarcts in 39%. Comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (27%), heart failure (9%), and chronic kidney disease (7%). In‐hospital mortality was 9%. Patients with SBP/LVEDP ≤ 4 had increased risk of in‐hospital death (32% vs. 5.3%, P < 0.0001), intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) usage (51.6% vs. 9.6%, P < 0.0001) and combined endpoint of death or IABP usage (58.1% vs. 13.3%, P < 0.0001) compared to patients with SBP/LVEDP > 4. The area under curve (AUC) for SBP/LVEDP ratio for in‐hospital mortality (0.69) was more predictive than LVEDP (0.61, P = 0.04) or pulse pressure (0.55, P = 0.02) but similar to Shock Index (ratio of heart rate to SBP) and Modified Shock Index (ratio of HR to mean arterial pressure).

Conclusion

An SBP/LVEDP ratio ≤ 4 identified a group of STEMI patients at high risk of in‐hospital death. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.