bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI PENEGAKKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PASCA BERLAKUNYA UU NO 30 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG ADMINISTRASI PEMERINTAHAN
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Artadi Ibnu
Published: November 2019

Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat mengetahui dan medeskripsikan implikasi penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi pasca berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan. Untuk dapat mengetahui dan medeskripsikan idealnya pengaturan ke depan agar masalah penyalahgunaan kewenangan karena jabatan tidak menjadi sengketa kewenangan mengadili antara Peradilan Tipikor dan Peradilan TUN. Metode penelitian dalam penulisan ini menggunakan metode pendekatan Normatif dimana meliputi pengaturan ke depan masalah penyalahgunaan kewenangan karena jabatan tidak menjadi sengketa kewenangan mengadili antara Peradilan Tipikor dan Peradilan TUN, jenis data Dilakukan dengan cara wawancara di Kejaksaan Negeri Indramayu dan Pengadilan Negeri Indramayu untuk data sekunder dan data primer adalah hasil wawancara dengan Kajari Indramayu dan dengan Erwin Eka saputra Hakim Pengadilan Negeri Indramayu. Tehnik pengumpulan data untuk data sekunder dilakukan dengan studi dokumen untuk data primer didapat dengan cara melakukan wawancara dengan sumber yang ada. Analisis data adalah data yang telah terkumpul akan disusun secara Normatif Kualitatif. Implikasi hukum Kebijakan legislasi yang memberikan kewenangan untuk memeriksa dan memutus penyalahgunaan kewenangan karena jabatan kepada Peradilan Tipikor dan Peradilan TUN, adalah: Potensi timbulnya sengketa kewenangan mengadili (kompetensi absolut) selain itu menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum pada mekanisme penanganan Tipikor, karena adanya perbedaan perspektif dalam melihat keberlakuan UU Administrasi Pemerintahan terhadap kewenangan memeriksa dan memutus unsur “menyalahgunakan kewenangan” dalam Tipikor. Akibatnya proses peradilan Tipikor tidak lagi memenuhi asas peradilan sederhana, cepat, dan biaya murah, sehingga menghambat upaya pemberantasan Tipikor.
Understanding Scotland's medieval cartularies
Authors: Tucker Joanna
Published: November 2019

The medieval cartulary is well known as a major source for documents. This article takes Scotland as a case study for examining how the understanding of medieval cartularies has been shaped by those works extensively used by researchers to access cartularies and their texts – in a Scottish context this is principally the antiquarian publications and modern catalogues. Both pose their own problems for scholars seeking to understand the medieval cartulary. After an in-depth examination of these issues, a radical solution is offered which shifts the attention onto the manuscripts themselves. Such an approach reveals those extant cartularies to be fundamentally varied, and not an exclusive ‘category’ as such. This in turn allows historians to appreciate the dynamic nature of cartularies as sources for documents, and to eschew the deeply embedded tendency to see the cartulary simply as a copy of a medieval archive.
Four-footed Weakness: Childhood and Neoteny in Oedipus Rex
Authors: Piskorski Rodolfo
Published: November 2019

That Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex is concerned with childhood is something of a truism, but there are ways in which this holds true that go beyond its contribution to the Freudian theory of infantile sexuality. The riddle posed by the sphinx, whose solving cements Oedipus’ incestuous marriage, foregrounds infancy and its similarities to and differences from other life stages. More than that, it illustrates a difference between humans (whose number of feet changes) and other animals via a recapitulationist perspective that summarises the evolution of the human in one individual's life. However, I argue that, rather than foregrounding childhood, the play explores a peculiar trait of human infancy: neoteny. While this biological term refers to the retention of juvenile characteristics into adulthood, it has been critically deployed not only to suggest that humans are neotenic because their adult state after sexual maturation resembles the young of primates, but also that this resemblance stems from a premature birth and a prolonged, helpless infancy. I read the play as an intervention on the logic of the riddle that opposes neoteny to recapitulation. In the play, the difference between begetting (φύω, phuō) and rearing (τρέφω, trephō) is constantly worked over through the exploration of the difference between biological and adoptive fathers, between nature and nurture, which lays bare the conceptual work of neoteny.
The Gender of Biomedical Data: Challenges for Personalised and Precision Medicine
Authors: Pot Mirjam , Spahl Wanda , Prainsack Barbara
Published: November 2019

Biomedical data, both in ‘traditional’, analogue forms as well as in the form of digital, ‘big’ data, are contingent social products. They reflect the categories and practices that structure our societies. We illustrate this by discussing gender biases in data stemming from clinical trials and electronic health records (EHR) and consider how biomedical data are prone to bias in different phases of data work, from data capture and representation to category building and analysis to using outputs. We argue that developments such as ‘Personalised’ and ‘Precision Medicine’ that have been made possible by ‘big data’ analyses could be seen as a shift away from the male ‘standard patient’ by trying to comprehensively and objectively represent many different aspects of patients' lives and bodies. At the same time, the very promises of comprehensiveness and objectivity are problematic: The data generated and collected, as well as the infrastructures and analytic tools used to do this, reflect the social realities – including the injustices and inequities – within which they were developed. The knowledge created on the basis of this ‘evidence’ can thus perpetuate existing biases. While we do not subscribe to a view of the world that considers truly objective, neutral, and – in this sense – ‘unbiased’ knowledge possible or even desirable, we suggest a number of ways in which gender bias in biomedical data should be made visible, reflected upon, and in certain instances acted upon.
Body Shock: Unsettling the Biosciences through Postconventional Materialities
Authors: Shildrick Margrit
Published: November 2019

The focus of this article is the problematic of data in the life sciences with regard to the supposedly singular event of heart transplantation. In mainstream discourse, organ transplantation is seen as a straightforward exchange of body parts in which fatally deteriorating biological elements are replaced by more competent and enduring components. Post-transplant a variety of biological, immunological, and pharmaceutical data are collected and evaluated, with the success of the operation gauged against the clinical recovery of the recipient as determined by those measures. That simple picture fails to attend, however, to issues such as the historico-cultural context of the biomedical procedure, temporality, the phenomenological sense of self, the psycho-social imaginary, and even disregarded biological dimensions such as cellular microchimerism, all of which can deeply unsettle biomedical certainty. Drawing on my own participation in collaborative research, I rethink what counts as data and demonstrate the need to interweave multiple forms of knowledge in a data assemblage that mobilises new insights into the significance of transplantation and concorporeality.
Indexing, Coding, Scoring: The Engine Room of Epidemiology and its Routinized Techno-Digestions
Authors: Bauer Susanne
Published: November 2019

Epidemiological data work is a key site to study the configurations of health knowledges and politics. In this article, I ask how new ‘big data’ approaches and datafication in society are about to reshape orderings related to technologies, health, and the body, as well as epidemiological research itself. Diffracting practices with data contributes to our understanding of how data, numbers, and bodies fold into each other in the era of digitalization. Focusing on indexing, coding and scoring I analyse the reconfigurations of epidemiological data infrastructures with the increasing ‘datafication’ of social interactions. I examine a shift in practice from what I call ‘controlled epidemiological calculus’ to accelerated practices of routinized ‘epidemic indexing’. This shift has given rise to a novel mode of automated and largely invisible effects, which I analyse in terms of a digital ‘techno-digestion’. This techno-digestion impacts on how bodies are known and done, on the formation of health policies, and on the constitution of corporealities.
Becoming Fully Present in Your Body: Analysing Mindfulness as an Affective Investment in Tech Culture
Authors: Parviainen Jaana , Kortelainen Ilmari
Published: November 2019

Tech companies have eagerly utilised mindfulness techniques in order to increase both creativity and productivity among their managers and employees. However, while a growing number of studies within fields of clinical psychology and psychiatry suggest that mindfulness provides myriad health benefits, such literature does not critically evaluate the societal and affective influences of mindfulness and other wellness practices on working bodies. By focusing on discourses related to mindfulness training, this paper explores the conception of ‘being present’. Drawing on the phenomenology of the body, affect theory, and critical mindfulness studies, we develop a new theoretical framework for analysing mindfulness as a somatic and social force in technology-driven business contexts. Using research material drawn from the online advertising of mindfulness programmes for managers, this paper describes ‘presence’ as a new labour concept associated with the cultivated performance skill of the managerial body in the era of late capitalism. We conclude that mindfulness training – transforming the somatic into an affective investment – has transformed Buddhist meditation into capital that can be bought and consumed.
THE ROLE OF MONETARY AND FISCAL FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF INCOMES FROM THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA
Authors: Komarova Anna
Published: November 2019

This research assesses the impact of monetary (exchange rate) and fiscal factors (oil and gas taxes, MET on oil) on the dynamics of revenues of the oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation.
TWO VARIANTS OF OUT-OF-LIMIT DEFORMATION OF SOLID AROUND WORKING
Authors: Chanyshev Anvar , Abdulin Ilgizar
Published: November 2019

In the paper stress-strain behavior of solid around working in case of out-of-limit deformation when flat strain occurs is studied. Two limit variants are considered: when modulus of volumetric compression has much more value than modulus of decrease and vice a versa. In the first variant sizes of solid destruction zone are obtained, depending on limit strains of elasticity and strength of solid material. In the second variant solution at destruction zone differs from traditional elastic plastic solutions by maximal tangential stress increases with increasing of distance from working contour.
Confocal Laser Scanning Electron Microscope Assessment of Different Antibiofilm Strategies of Root Canal System Disinfection (An Experimental Study)
Authors: Farghaly Ahmed Mostafa , Wakwak Mohamed Ahmed
Published: November 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of nanoherbal medicament, calcium hydroxide, photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite on multispecies biofilm in infected dentin section blocks. Methods: A total of one hundred dentin section blocks were used in this study. Dentin section blocks were prepared to be (4×4×1 mm) respectively. Each dentin section was underwent sterilization using autoclave at 121°C for 20 minutes which was confirmed using bacterial count test. Cultivation of standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Staph. Epidermidis ATCC 12228 were prepared then inoculated on dentin section blocks and incubated for 3 weeks at 37°C to form multispecies biofilm. The specimens were grouped into 5 groups according to final irrigant and medicament: G1: Nano Punica granatum (Pomegranates) herbal extract medicament, G2: Calcium hydroxide paste medicament, G3: Rose Bengal Dye (RBD) irrigation activated with diode laser (Photodynamic therapy), G4: Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% irrigation, and G5: Negative Control group. The effect of tested materials was assessed using Confocal Laser Scanning Electron Microscope (CLSEM) and data were statistically analyzed. Results: The highest mean percentage of dead bacteria was found in Pomegranates (Group 1) followed by RB (Photodynamic therapy) (Group 3) followed by sodium hypochlorite 5.25% (Group 4) followed by calcium hydroxide paste medicated (Group 2). The least mean percentage of dead bacteria was found in the control group (Group 5). With a statistically significant difference between groups where p<0.001. Conclusion: Nano Punica granatum herbal extract medicament and Rose Bengal Dye irrigation could be considered potent antibiofilm strategies for disinfection of the root canal system.
O GEOGEBRA COMO RECURSO DIDÁTICO PARA A COMPREENSÃO DA PROPRIEDADE OPERATÓRIA LOGARITMO DO PRODUTO: UM ESTUDO COM LICENCIANDOS EM MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Martins Eder Marinho , Ferreira Wenderson Marques , Torisu Edmilson Minoru
Published: November 2019

Um número considerável de estudantes dos cursos de licenciatura em Matemática chega à universidade com dificuldades em conteúdos do ensino básico que são pré-requisitos para disciplinas da graduação, particularmente o conteúdo de funções, fundamental para as disciplinas de cálculo. Os logaritmos são um exemplo bastante representativo de conteúdo no qual os estudantes apresentam dificuldade. Nesse estudo qualitativo, realizado com cinco estudantes do curso de licenciatura em Matemática de uma universidade pública brasileira, utilizamos o GeoGebra como recurso didáticopara a compreensão da propriedade logaritmo do produto. Utilizamos a descoberta guiada por meio de um roteiro que permitiu aos estudantes compreenderem a citada propriedade. Para coletar as impressões em relação à atividade, um questionário foi aplicado. Os resultados mostraram que osestudantes puderam: compreender, com mais clareza, a propriedade do logaritmo do produto por meio da visualização e intervenção do professor; criar conjecturas a respeito de como seria a extensão das ideias para o logaritmo do quociente; criar situações, dentro da atividade, para suscitar reflexões acerca do conteúdo que pudessem, como resultado, gerar discussões que promovessem um avanço no repertório de conhecimentos dos estudantes.
Batryticatus Bombyx Protects Dopaminergic Neurons against MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Damage
Authors: Lim Hye-Sun , Kim Joong-Sun , Moon Byeong Cheol , Ryu Seung Mok , Lee Jun , Park Gunhyuk
Published: November 2019

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Altered redox homeostasis in neurons interferes with several biological processes, ultimately leading to neuronal death. Oxidative damage has been identified as one of the principal mechanisms underlying the progression of PD. Several studies highlight the key role of superoxide radicals in inducing neuronal toxicity. Batryticatus Bombyx (BB), the dried larva of Bombyx mori L. infected by Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., has been used in traditional medicine for its various pharmacological effects. In the present study, BB showed a beneficial effect on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity by directly targeting dopaminergic neurons. Treatment with BB improved behavioral impairments, protected dopaminergic neurons, and maintained dopamine levels in PD mouse models. Here, we investigated the protective effects of BB on MPTP-induced PD in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms of action, focusing on oxidative signaling. In MPTP-induced PD, BB promoted recovery from impaired movement, prevented dopamine depletion, and protected against dopaminergic neuronal degradation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) or the striatum (ST). Moreover, BB upregulated mediators of antioxidative response such as superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase (NQO1). Thus, treatment with BB reduced the oxidative stress, improved behavioral impairments, and protected against dopamine depletion in MPTP-induced toxicity.
Astaxanthin Inhibits Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening in Rat Heart Mitochondria
Authors: Baburina Yulia , Krestinin Roman , Odinokova Irina , Sotnikova Linda , Kruglov Alexey , Krestinina Olga
Published: November 2019

The mitochondrion is the main organelle of oxidative stress in cells. Increased permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane is a key phenomenon in cell death. Changes in membrane permeability result from the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a large-conductance channel that forms after the overload of mitochondria with Ca2+ or in response to oxidative stress. The ketocarotenoid astaxanthin (AST) is a potent antioxidant that is capable of maintaining the integrity of mitochondria by preventing oxidative stress. In the present work, the effect of AST on the functioning of mPTP was studied. It was found that AST was able to inhibit the opening of mPTP, slowing down the swelling of mitochondria by both direct addition to mitochondria and administration. AST treatment changed the level of mPTP regulatory proteins in isolated rat heart mitochondria. Consequently, AST can protect mitochondria from changes in the induced permeability of the inner membrane. AST inhibited serine/threonine protein kinase B (Akt)/cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathways in mitochondria, which led to the prevention of mPTP opening. Since AST improves the resistance of rat heart mitochondria to Ca2+-dependent stress, it can be assumed that after further studies, this antioxidant will be considered an effective tool for improving the functioning of the heart muscle in general under normal and medical conditions.
Statistical Modelization of the Descriptor “Minerality” Based on the Sensory Properties and Chemical Composition of Wine
Authors: Zaldívar Santamaría Elvira , Molina Dagá David , Palacios García Antonio T.
Published: November 2019

When speaking of “minerality” in wines, it is common to find descriptive terms in the vocabulary of wine tasters such as flint, match smoke, kerosene, rubber eraser, slate, granite, limestone, earthy, tar, charcoal, graphite, rock dust, wet stones, salty, metallic, steel, ferrous, etc. These are just a few of the descriptors that are commonly found in the tasting notes of wines that show this sensory profile. However, not all wines show this mineral trace at the aromatic and gustatory level. This study has used the statistical tool partial least squares regression (PLS) to mathematically model the attribute of “minerality” of wine, thereby obtaining formulas where the chemical composition and sensory attributes act jointly as the predictor variables, both for white wines and red wines, so as to help understand the term and to devise a winemaking approach able to endow wines with this attribute if desired.
RKIP as an Inflammatory and Immune System Modulator: Implications in Cancer
Authors: Gabriela-Freitas Maria , Pinheiro Joana , Raquel-Cunha Ana , Cardoso-Carneiro Diana , Martinho Olga
Published: November 2019

Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), an important modulator of intracellular signalling pathways, is commonly downregulated in multiple cancers. This reduction, or loss of expression, is correlated not only with the presence of metastasis, contributing to RKIP’s classification as a metastasis suppressor, but also with tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Recent findings suggest a strong involvement of RKIP in the modulation of tumour microenvironment components, particularly by controlling the infiltration of specific immune cells and secretion of pro-metastatic factors. Additionally, RKIP interaction with multiple signalling molecules seems to potentiate its function as a regulator of inflammatory processes, mainly through stimulation of anti- or pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, RKIP is involved in the modulation of immunotherapeutic drugs response, through diverse mechanisms that sensitize cells to apoptosis. In the present review, we will provide updated information about the role of RKIP as an inflammatory and immune modulator and its potential implications in cancer will be addressed.
Experimental Data of a Floating Cylinder in a Wave Tank: Comparison Solid and Water Ballast
Authors: Gabl Roman , Davey Thomas , Nixon Edd , Steynor Jeffrey , Ingram David M.
Published: November 2019

The experimental set-up allows for the comparison of two different ballast options of a floating cylinder in a wave tank. Four different internal water drafts are tested as well as an equivalent solid ballast option. The model is excited by regular waves, which are characterised with five wave gauges in front of the floating cylinder and two behind. Additionally, the time series of the six-degree freedom response of the floating structure is made available. Regular waves with an initial amplitude of 0.05 m and frequencies over the range 0.3 to 1.1 Hz are investigated. This results in a wide range of different responses of the floating structure as well as very big rotations of up to 20 degrees. This dataset allows for identification of the influence caused by the sloshing of the interior water volume and can be used to validate numerical models of fluid–structure–fluid interaction.
A Framework to Secure the Development and Auditing of SSL Pinning in Mobile Applications: The Case of Android Devices
Authors: Ramírez-López Francisco José , Varela-Vaca Ángel Jesús , Ropero Jorge , Luque Joaquín , Carrasco Alejandro
Published: November 2019

The use of mobile devices has undergone rapid growth in recent years. However, on some occasions, security has been neglected when developing applications. SSL/TLS has been used for years to secure communications although it is not a vulnerability-free protocol. One of the most common vulnerabilities is SSL pinning bypassing. This paper first describes some security controls to help protect against SSL pinning bypassing. Subsequently, some existing methods for bypassing are presented and two new methods are defined. We performed some experiments to check the use of security controls in widely used applications, and applied SSL pinning bypassing methods. Finally, we created an applicability framework, relating the implemented security controls and the methods that are applicable. This framework provides a guideline for pentesters and app developers.
Erratum: Siddagangaiah, S., Chen, C.-F., Hu, W.-C., Pieretti, N. A Complexity-Entropy Based Approach for the Detection of Fish Choruses. Entropy 2019, 21(10), 977
Authors: Siddagangaiah Shashidhar , Chen Chi-Fang , Hu Wei-Chun , Pieretti Nadia
Published: November 2019

We have found an error in the order of one author’s name and surname in the article recently published in Entropy [1]: Shashidhar Siddagangaiah 1,*, Chi-Fang Chen 1,*, Wei-Chun Hu 1 and Pieretti Nadia 2 that should be corrected to the following order in this paper [1]: Shashidhar Siddagangaiah 1,*, Chi-Fang Chen 1,*, Wei-Chun Hu 1 and Nadia Pieretti 2 [...]
Traffic-Condition-Prediction-Based HMA-FIS Energy-Management Strategy for Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles
Authors: Yao Gang , Du Changbo , Ge Quanbo , Jiang Haoyu , Wang Yide , Ait-Ahmed Mourad , Moreau Luc
Published: November 2019

In the field of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs), a fuel-cell stack usually works together with a battery to improve powertrain performance. In this hybrid-power system, an Energy Management Strategy (EMS) is essential to configure the hybrid-power sources to provide sufficient energy for driving the FCEV in different traffic conditions. The EMS determines the overall performance of the power supply system; accordingly, EMS research has important theoretical significance and application values on the improvement of energy-utilization efficiency and the serviceability of vehicles’ hybrid-power sources. To overcome the deficiency of apparent filtering lag and improve the adaptability of an EMS to different traffic conditions, this paper proposes a novel EMS based on traffic-condition predictions, frequency decoupling and a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was designed to predict traffic conditions according to the vehicle’s running parameters; then, a Hull Moving Average (HMA) algorithm, with filter-window width decided by the prediction result, is introduced to split the demanded power and keep low-frequency components in order to meet the load characteristics of the fuel cell; afterward, an FIS was applied to manage power flows of the FCEV’s hybrid-power sources and maintain the State of Change (SoC) of the battery in a predefined range. Finally, an FCEV simulation platform was built with MATLAB/Simulink and comparison simulations were carried out with the standard test cycle of the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicle Test Procedures (WLTPs). Simulation results showed that the proposed EMS could efficiently coordinate the hybrid-power sources and support the FCEV in following the reference speed with negligible control errors and sufficient power supply; the SoC of the battery was also maintained with good adaptability in different driving conditions.
Direct Synthesis of NaBH4 Nanoparticles from NaOCH3 for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Wang Ting , Aguey-Zinsou Kondo-Francois
Published: November 2019

Hydrogen is regarded as a promising energy carrier to substitute fossil fuels. However, storing hydrogen with high density remains a challenge. NaBH4 is a potential hydrogen storage material due to its high gravimetric hydrogen density (10.8 mass%), but the hydrogen kinetic and thermodynamic properties of NaBH4 are poor against the application needs. Nanosizing is an effective strategy to improve the hydrogen properties of NaBH4. In this context, we report on the direct synthesis of NaBH4 nanoparticles (~6–260 nm) from the NaOCH3 precursor. The hydrogen desorption properties of such nanoparticles are reported as well as experimental conditions that lead to the synthesis of (Na2B12H12) free NaBH4 nanoparticles.
Damage Evolution and Failure Behavior of Post-Mainshock Damaged Rocks under Aftershock Effects
Authors: Zhou Zilong , Wang Haiquan , Cai Xin , Chen Lu , E Yude , Cheng Ruishan
Published: November 2019

Rock stability has long been a hot topic during underground energy exploitation, but the failure process of rock materials under earthquake effects is extremely complicated, and the failure mechanism still remains unclear. In order to investigate the fatigue damage and failure behavior of rocks under aftershock effects considering the post-mainshock damage states, a series of laboratory tests were conducted on marble specimens subjected to stepwise cyclic loading. Four levels of peak stress (i.e., 10, 30, 50, and 70 MPa) were applied in the first cycle, to simulate mainshock damage. The results indicate that, with the increase of initial cycle amplitude, mainshock damage has a significant effect on deformation behavior, dissipated energy, P-wave velocity, and AE characteristics of tested specimens during aftershock process. The increasing amplitude of initial cycle enhances irreversible deformation and weakens the resistance to deformation, which accelerates the expansion of specimen volume and results in the reduction of bearing capacity. Furthermore, the increasing amplitude of initial cycle obviously changes the failure morphologies and intensifies the final macro-fracture scale of tested specimens, which are verified by acoustic emission AF-RA value and b-value, respectively.
Design of a Sequential Axial Turbocharger for Automotive Application
Authors: Panayides Constantinos , Pesyridis Apostolos , Saravi Samira Sayad
Published: November 2019

In the last few years, the perspective of climate change, energy, competitiveness, and fuel consumption in the transportation sector has become one of the most significant public policy issues of our time. As different methods are being adapted into light-duty vehicles like engine downsizing, on the other hand, the increase in carbon emissions of heavy-duty trucks is becoming a major concern. Although previous researches have studied the methodology for selecting optimized turbocharger performance, still further investigation is needed to create a method for achieving the highest performance for a sequential axial turbocharger. Therefore, in this study, the design of a two-stage turbocharger system that consists of a radial turbine connected in series to an axial turbine is considered. The specific two-stage turbine was designed specifically and will be tested on a MAN 6.9 L diesel truck engine. With the engine already equipped with a radial type turbine, the newly designed two-stage turbine will be adapted to the engine to give more efficiency and power to it. Firstly, the modelling and simulation of the engine were done in Gt-Power, to achieve the same power and torque curves presented in the MAN engine specification sheet. Once that was achieved, the second task was to design and optimise a radial and axial turbine, which will form part of a two-stage system, through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. Necessary data were gathered from the engine’s output conditions, for the ability to design the new turbo system. Lastly, the new turbine data were entered into the new two-stage turbo GT-Power model, and a comparison of the results was made. The CFD analysis, executed in ANSYS, for the radial turbine gave an 83.4% efficiency at 85,000 rpm, and for the axial turbine, the efficiency achieved was 81.74% at 78,500 rpm.
New Models Used to Determine the Dioxins Total Amount and Toxicity (TEQ) in Atmospheric Emissions from Thermal Processes
Authors: Palmer Damià , Pou Josep O. , Gonzalez-Sabaté Lucinio , Díaz-Ferrero Jordi , Conesa Juan A. , Ortuño Nuria
Published: November 2019

In order to reduce the calculation effort during the simulation of the emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) during municipal solid waste incineration, minimizing the number of simulated components is mandatory. For this purpose, two new multilinear regression models capable of determining the dioxins total amount and toxicity of an atmospheric emission have been adjusted based on previously published ones. The new source of data used (almost 200 PCDD/F analyses) provides a wider range of application to the models, increasing also the diversity of the emission sources, from industrial and laboratory scale thermal processes. Only three of the 17 toxic congeners (1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF and OCDF), whose formation was found to be linearly independent, were necessary as inputs for the models. All model parameters have been statistically validated and their confidence intervals have been calculated using the Bootstrap method. The resulting coefficients of determination (R2) for the models are 0.9711 ± 0.0056 and 0.9583 ± 0.0085; its root mean square errors (RMSE) are 0.2115 and 0.2424, and its mean absolute errors (MAE) are 0.1541 and 0.1733 respectively.
Detection of Low Electrolyte Level for Vented Lead–Acid Batteries Based on Electrical Measurements
Authors: Camargo Eugenio , Visairo Nancy , Núñez Ciro , Segundo Juan , Cuevas Juan , Mora Dante
Published: November 2019

It is well known that a low level of electrolytes in batteries produces a malfunction or even failure and irreversible damage. There are several kinds of sensors to detect the electrolyte level. Some of them are non-invasive, such as optical sensors of level, while some others are invasive; but both require one sensor per battery. This paper proposes a different approach to detect the low electrolyte level, which neither requires invasive sensors nor one sensor for each battery. The approach is based on the estimation of the internal resistance of an equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) model of the battery. To establish the detection criterion of the low level of electrolytes, a statistical analysis is proposed. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to be considered a valid method, multiple experiments were performed. The experiments consisted of determining how the internal resistance is affected at eight different levels of electrolyte at different aging levels of vented lead–acid (VLA) batteries. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. Hence, this approach has the potential to be used for the reducing of sensors and avoiding invasive methods to determine the low level of electrolytes.
Modulation Sideband Separation Using the Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator for Rotor Fault Diagnostics of Induction Motors
Authors: Li Haiyang , Wang Zuolu , Zhen Dong , Gu Fengshou , Ball Andrew
Published: November 2019

Broken rotor bar (BRB) faults are one of the most common faults in induction motors (IM). One or more broken bars can reduce the performance and efficiency of the IM and hence waste the electrical power and decrease the reliability of the whole mechanical system. This paper proposes an effective fault diagnosis method using the Teager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) for BRB faults detection based on the motor current signal analysis (MCSA). The TKEO is investigated and applied to remove the main supply component of the motor current for accurate fault feature extraction, especially for an IM operating at low load with low slip. Through sensing the estimation of the instantaneous amplitude (IA) and instantaneous frequency (IF) of the motor current signal using TKEO, the fault characteristic frequencies can be enhanced and extracted for the accurate detection of BRB fault severities under different operating conditions. The proposed method has been validated by simulation and experimental studies that tested the IMs with different BRB fault severities to consider the effectiveness of the proposed method. The obtained results are compared with those obtained using the conventional envelope analysis methods and showed that the proposed method provides more accurate fault diagnosis results and can distinguish the BRB fault types and severities effectively, especially for operating conditions with low loads.
Comparison of the Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of Energy Communities
Authors: Schram Wouter , Louwen Atse , Lampropoulos Ioannis , van Sark Wilfried
Published: November 2019

In this research, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potentials of electric vehicles, heat pumps, photovoltaic (PV) systems and batteries were determined in eight different countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Also, the difference between using prosuming electricity as a community (i.e., energy sharing) and prosuming it as an individual household was calculated. Results show that all investigated technologies have substantial GHG emission reduction potential. A strong moderating factor is the existing electricity generation mix of a country: the GHG emission reduction potential is highest in countries that currently have high hourly emission factors. GHG emission reduction potentials are highest in southern Europe (Portugal, Spain, Italy) and lowest in countries with a high share of nuclear energy (Belgium, France). Hence, from a European GHG emission reduction perspective, it has most impact to install PV in countries that currently have a fossil-fueled electricity mix and/or have high solar irradiation. Lastly, we have seen that energy sharing leads to an increased GHG emission reduction potential in all countries, because it leads to higher PV capacities.
A General Approach in Optimization of Heat Exchangers by Bio-Inspired Artificial Intelligence Methods
Authors: Krzywanski Jaroslaw
Published: November 2019

The paper introduces the artificial intelligence (AI) approach as a general method for the design and optimization study of heat exchangers. Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are applied in the paper. An AGENN model, combining Genetic Algorithms with Artificial Neural Networks, was developed and validated against the desired data on a large falling film evaporator. A broad range of operating conditions and geometric configurations are considered in the study. Four kinds of tubes are deliberated, including plain and enhanced tubes. Different tube pass arrangements, i.e., top-to-bottom, bottom-to-top, and side-by-side, are discussed. Finally, the effects of liquid refrigerant mass flow rate, as well as the number of flooded tubes on the performance of the evaporator, are analyzed. The total heat transfer rate of the evaporator, predicted by the model, is in good agreement with the desired data; the maximum error is lower than ±3%. The highest heat transfer rate of the evaporator is 1140.01 kW and corresponds to Turbo EHP tubes, and bottom-to-top tubes pass arrangements, which guarantee the best thermal energy conversion. The presented approach can be referred to as a complementary technique in heat exchanger design procedures, besides the common rating and sizing tasks. It is an effective and alternative method for the existing approaches, considering the complexity of analytical and numerical techniques as well as the high costs of experiments.
The Effect of High Occupancy Density on IAQ, Moisture Conditions and Energy Use in Apartments
Authors: Mjörnell Kristina , Johansson Dennis , Bagge Hans
Published: November 2019

Apartments built in Sweden during the record years 1961–1975 with the aim to remedy the housing shortage and abolish poor standards, were designed for a normal-sized family of 2–4 persons. The mechanical ventilation system, if existing, was primarily designed to ensure an air exchange in the apartment according to Swedish building regulations. During the last few years, the number of overcrowded apartments has increased due to housing shortage in general but also due to migration. Another aspect is that the ventilation in many apartments built during the record years is already insufficient at normal occupant load. The question is how doubling or tripling the number of occupants and thus, the moisture load will affect the risk of bad air quality and moisture damage. To find out, simulations were made to estimate whether it is possible to obtain sufficient air quality and low risk of moisture damage by only increasing the ventilation rates in existing systems or introducing new ventilation systems with and without heat recovery and what the consequence would be in terms of the additional energy demand. Measurements from earlier studies of CO2 and moisture supply in Swedish apartment buildings were used as input data.
Steady-State Power Flow Analysis of Cold-Thermal-Electric Integrated Energy System Based on Unified Power Flow Model
Authors: Qu Lu , Ouyang Bin , Yuan Zhichang , Zeng Rong
Published: November 2019

The integrated energy system includes various energy forms, complex operation modes and tight coupling links, which bring challenges to its steady-state modeling and steady-state power flow calculation. In order to study the steady-state characteristics of the integrated energy system, the topological structure of the cold-thermal-electric integrated energy system is given firstly. Then, the steady-state model of the power subsystem, the thermal subsystem, the cold subsystem and the distributed energy station are established, the unified power flow model is established, and the Newton Raphson algorithm is used to solve the unified power flow model. Finally, the influence of the key technical parameters on the steady-state power flow of the integrated energy system is analyzed. Research results show that the photovoltaic power generation plays a supporting role in the voltage of each bus; with the increase of electric load power, the unit value of bus voltage decreases continuously; the water supply temperature of the source node has a greater impact on the steady-state flow in the pipeline and the water supply temperature of each node; the pipeline length of the heat network has a greater impact on the end temperature of the pipeline, the water supply temperature, and the return water temperature of each node. The analysis results can support the planning, design, and optimal operation of the integrated energy system.
Modeling and Analyzing the Effect of Frequency Variation on Weak Grid-Connected VSC System Stability in DC Voltage Control Timescale
Authors: Yang Hui , Yuan Xiaoming
Published: November 2019

The effect of frequency variation on system stability becomes crucial when a voltage source converter (VSC) is connected to a weak grid. However, previous studies lack enough mechanism cognitions of this effect, especially on the stability issues in DC voltage control (DVC) timescale (around 100 ms). Hence, this paper presented a thorough analysis of the effect mechanism of frequency variation on the weak grid-connected VSC system stability in a DVC timescale. Firstly, based on instantaneous power theory, a novel method in which the active/reactive powers are calculated with the time-varying frequency of voltage vectors was proposed. This method could intuitively reflect the effect of frequency variation on the active/reactive powers and could also help reduce the system order to a certain extent. Then, a small-signal model was established based on the motion equation concept, to depict the effect of frequency variation on the weak grid-connected VSC system dynamics. Furthermore, an analytical method was utilized to quantify the effect of frequency variation on the system’s small-signal stability. The quantitative analysis considered the interactions between the DC voltage control, the terminal voltage control, phase-locked loop, and the power network. Finally, case studies were conducted, and simulation results supported the analytical analyses.
Impact of Wide-Bandgap Technology on Renewable Energy and Smart-Grid Power Conversion Applications Including Storage
Authors: Castellazzi Alberto , Gurpinar Emre , Wang Zhenyu , Suliman Hussein Abdallah , Garcia Fernandez Pablo
Published: November 2019

Wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor devices are making their way into large-volume applications, including pivotal domains of societal infrastructure such as sustainable energy generation and conversion. Presented for a long time mainly as a synonym of high-temperature electronics, hands-on experience has highlighted a number of gains that can be drawn from this technology even when used as a straightforward drop-in substitute of silicon in established applications and field-proven designs. Incremental in nature, these gains enable interesting progress beyond state-of-the-art forms, which, though not corresponding to the full exploitation of the potential of this technology, are oftentimes sufficient to justify its adoption. With particular reference to renewable energy power conversion and solid-state transformation, in the context of transport applications and incorporating a storage device, this paper reports on the understanding generated over the past few years and points out some specifically tailored technology and circuit design requirements to ensure overall beneficial impact of the adoption of WBG technology.
Exploration of the Microbial Biodiversity Associated with North Apulian Sourdoughs and the Effect of the Increasing Number of Inoculated Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains on the Biocontrol against Fungal Spoilage
Authors: Arena Mattia Pia , Russo Pasquale , Spano Giuseppe , Capozzi Vittorio
Published: November 2019

In this study, we explored the diversity of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) associated with six spontaneous sourdough fermentations from the northern part of the Apulian region (Italy). Bacterial and yeast isolates from sourdough were investigated by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, respectively. The identification of the isolates was confirmed by sequencing bacterial 16S gene and yeast ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 rRNA gene amplicons. Microbiological analysis of all sourdough samples revealed that LAB and yeast counts ranged between 1.7 × 105 and 6.5 × 108 cfu/g, and 7.7 × 105 and 2.5 × 107 cfu/g, respectively. The molecular identification at species level revealed the occurrence of Lactobacillus plantarum as the dominant LAB and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the dominant yeast species in all different sourdough samples. Then, the ability of all isolated strains to inhibit and/or reduce the growth of several selected fungi was valued through the overlay method. In light of their antifungal performances, ten LAB strains were inoculated, singularly and in combination, in subsequent bread-making trials. Overall, we confirmed the potential of LAB to extend the shelf life of bread through spoilage inhibition and, for the first time, we observed a synergistic effect due to the combination of several isolated LAB on the inhibition behavior against selected fungal spoilage strains. Our findings suggest the exploration of a LAB-based approach in order to extend the shelf life of bread, reducing, at the same time, the use of chemical agents for food preservation.
Momilactones A, B, and Tricin in Rice Grain and By-Products are Potential Skin Aging Inhibitors
Authors: Quan Nguyen Van , Thien Dam Duy , Khanh Tran Dang , Tran Hoang-Dung , Xuan Tran Dang
Published: November 2019

We previously reported the inhibitory potentials of momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) against key enzymes related to type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this study, antioxidant and anti-skin-aging activities of MA and MB were investigated and compared with tricin, a well-known antioxidant and antiaging flavonoid in rice. MA, MB, and tricin were purified from rice husk by column chromatography and their biological activities were subsequently assayed by in vitro trials. The contents of MA, MB, and tricin of different commercial rice cultivars in Japan were quantified and confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The antioxidant assays revealed a synergistic activity of the mixture MA and MB (MAB, 1:1, v/v). In addition, in 2,2’-azino-bis (ABTS) assay, IC50 values of MAB (0.3 mg/mL) and tricin (0.3 mg/mL) was 4-fold and 9-fold greater than that of individual MB (1.3 mg/mL) or MA (2.8 mg/mL), respectively. The in vitro enzymatic assays on pancreatic elastase and tyrosinase indicated that MA and MB were potential to relief skin wrinkles and freckles. In detail, MA exerted higher inhibition on both enzymatic activities (30.9 and 37.6% for elastase and tyrosinase inhibition, respectively) than MB (18.5 and 12.6%) and MAB (32.0 and 19.7%) at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. Notably, MA and the mixture MAB exhibited stronger inhibitions on elastase and tyrosinase in comparison with tricin and vanillin. MA, MB, and tricin in rice are potential to develop cosmetics as well as supplements for skin aging treatments.