bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Long-Term Effects of Inverted-T-Abdominoplasty on Quality of Life: Insights from Post-Bariatric Surgery Patients
Authors: Vater Adrian Matthias , Fietz Jasmin , Schultze-Mosgau Lennart Erik , Lamby Philipp Edmund , Gerauer Klaus Erich , Schmidt Karsten , Jakubietz Rafael Gregor , Jakubietz Michael Georg
Published: January 2025

Background: Body contouring procedures following massive weight loss (MWL) are in increasing demand, with abdominoplasty emerging as one of the most frequently sought options to address excess skin and contour issues. This study comprehensively examines long-term changes in Quality of Life (QoL) following abdominoplasty in individuals who have undergone MWL. Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, 54 post-bariatric patients who had experienced MWL and subsequently underwent abdominoplasty were included. The mean age was 50.8 years. Multiple aspects of QoL were assessed using a specially designed questionnaire administered pre- and postoperatively. Inclusion criteria included a BMI < 35 and a previous bariatric procedure. Results: The physical component score (PCS-12) demonstrated significant improvement both early and late postoperatively, whereas the mental component score (MCS-12) showed no significant change. Vitality and self-acceptance exhibited significant improvements in both the short and long term. In contrast, body contact, sexuality, and self-esteem showed no long-term improvement post-surgery. Depression scores (PHQ-4) had no positive impact on long-term QoL. Body function (X-SMFA) showed significant long-term improvement, though the impairment score revealed no significant change. Conclusions: Consistent with prior research, abdominoplasty following MWL leads to positive physical outcomes. However, the impact on body image is heterogeneous, with no sustained improvement observed in some psychosocial dimensions. As depression and body impairment scores also do not show lasting improvement, patients with expectations of broad QoL enhancements should be carefully selected and assessed for potential multidisciplinary treatment.
Preliminary Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Insight into Compressed Orientationally Disordered Crystal-Forming Neopentyl Glycol (NPG)
Authors: Drozd-Rzoska Aleksandra , Kalabiński Jakub , Rzoska Sylwester J.
Published: January 2025

This report presents the first results on broadband dielectric spectroscopy insights into ODIC-forming neopentyl glycol (NPG) under compression up to the GPa domain. Particular attention was paid to the strongly discontinuous phase transition: orientationally disordered crystal (ODIC)–solid crystal. The insights cover static, dynamic, and energy-related properties, namely evolutions of the dielectric constant, DC electric conductivity, and dissipation factor. Worth stressing are results regarding the pressure-related Mossotti catastrophe-type behavior of the dielectric constant, the novel approach to non-Barus dynamics, and the discussion on fundamentals of dissipation factor changes in NPG. The results presented in the given report also introduce new experimental evidence and model discussions regarding the nature of ODIC mesophase and discontinuous phase transitions. Notable is the significance of understanding the nature of the colossal barocaloric effect in NPG.
Utilizing Chicken Egg White and L-Cysteine for Green Synthesis of Carbon Dots: Rapid and Cost-Effective Detection of Cu2+ Ions
Authors: Cardoso-Ávila Pablo Eduardo , Pichardo-Molina Juan Luis
Published: January 2025

A novel green synthesis method was developed for sulfur-doped carbon dots (S-C-dots) using chicken egg white (CEW) and L-cysteine for the rapid and cost-effective detection of copper ions (Cu2+) in water. This one-pot, room-temperature, base-catalyzed approach eliminated the need for energy-intensive processes and purification steps, adhering to the principles of green chemistry. The synthesized S-C-dots were characterized using UV–Vis, FT-IR, fluorescence, EDS, XRD, and Z-potential analyses. Among the six samples tested, A060 demonstrated superior properties, achieving a detection limit of 3.3 ppb (52 nM) for Cu2+ in aqueous solutions. This study highlights the potential of S-C-dots as eco-friendly, accessible, and efficient tools for monitoring heavy metal contamination in drinking water, offering a promising solution to global water safety challenges.
Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Strength Heat-Resistant Bearing Steel During Long-Term Aging at 500 °C
Authors: Guo Chuncheng , Chi Hongxiao , Zhou Jian , Gu Jinbo , Ma Dangshen , Dong Lili
Published: January 2025

In this study, various testing methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), were utilized to examine the effects of aging time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-high-strength heat-resistant bearing steel. The findings revealed that as the aging time progressed, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation exhibited an initial increase followed by a decline. Specifically, after 50 h of aging, the tensile strength and yield strength peaked at 2133 MPa and 1874 MPa, respectively. Calculations indicated that precipitation strengthening was the primary contributor to the strength, accounting for 1311 MPa. During the aging process, the martensite laths underwent coarsening, broadening from 202 nm to 306.5 nm, while the residual austenite remained relatively stable. Additionally, dislocations underwent annihilation, resulting in a decrease in dislocation density to 4.84 × 1011/cm2 at 100 h. As the aging time continued to increase, both M6C and M2C phases gradually coarsened. Notably, the number of M2C phases increased, and they transformed from an acicular shape to a spherical shape at 100 h.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Thermally Conductive High-Strength Concrete
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Jia Shenglei , Chen Longgang , Shen Rongjian , Liu Yang , Mou Ruifeng
Published: January 2025

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is considered one of the future building materials due to its excellent performance. UHPC with good thermal conductivity has potential high-value applications in large-scale bridges and nuclear facilities. As a by-product of the coal gasification process, coal gasification slag (CGS) can replace sand in traditional UHPC. In this paper, based on the preparation of UHPC by CGS, silicon carbide (SiC) was added to improve the thermal conductivity of specimens. The application of CGS and SiC as alternatives to quartz sand with varying mix ratios in UHPC was studied. The impact of the substitution ratios of CGS and SiC on fluidity, mechanical properties, and thermal performance was analyzed. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of five different kinds of specimens were tested at 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d. The compressive strength and mass loss rate of specimens with five different ratios were also determined under five different temperature conditions (110 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C). The results show that the maximum compressive strength of 28 d can reach 159.5 MPa and the splitting strength is 15.30 MPa. The addition of SiC can improve the thermal conductivity and thermal stability of concrete. The compressive strength of all specimens is improved after high-temperature treatment. When substitution rate of SiC reaches 100%, the compressive strength of the specimens is up to 182.2 MPa. With the increase in temperature, the concrete burst phenomenon occurs above 300 °C. It is observed that the high-temperature burst resistance of the specimens with low strength is better than that of the specimens with high strength. Two specimens were scanned with Industrial Computerized Tomography (ICT) and the microstructures of the specimens were compared. It was found that the samples with higher SiC substitution rates had more minor total pore defects and larger pores.
A Comparative Analysis of In Vivo-Generated and Artificial CoCrMo Wear Particles Created by High-Energy Ball Milling and the Buchhorn Method
Authors: Buchholz Adrian , Höpfer Rebecca , Becker Julia , Voropai Vadym , Schmelzer Janett , Krüger Manja , Bertrand Jessica
Published: January 2025

This study compares CoCrMo particles generated by a high-energy ball milling method with those produced by the established Buchhorn method and with in vivo-generated wear particles from periprosthetic tissue. CoCrMo particles were produced utilization both methods. The particle size distribution was analyzed using laser diffraction, and the morphology was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) provided a qualitative analysis of the material composition. The high-energy ball milling method yielded CoCrMo particles with a D50 of 7.92 µm, a significantly smaller value than the D50 of 88.30 µm observed for Buchhorn particles. The SEM analysis demonstrated that the particles produced by the ball mill have a roundish, red blood cell-like and irregular shape, similar to that observed in particles generated in vivo. In contrast, the particles produced by the Buchhorn method exhibited a flake-like and irregular morphology. The ball mill particles displayed a tendency towards agglomeration, which was also observed in particles generated in vivo. In conclusion, the ball mill method produces CoCrMo particles that closely resemble natural wear particles in terms of size and morphology. These particles provide a superior model for biological testing in comparison to those produced by the Buchhorn method. Furthermore, the ball mill method offers advantages in terms of reproducibility and scalability, making it a promising alternative for the generation of CoCrMo particles for orthopedic research.
Lignin as a Natural Antioxidant: Chemistry and Applications
Authors: Sadeghifar Hasan , Ragauskas Arthur J.
Published: January 2025

The growing interest in renewable and natural antioxidants has positioned lignin as one of the most significant bioresources for sustainable applications. Lignin, a polyphenolic biomolecule and a major by-product of chemical pulping and biorefinery processes, is abundant and widely accessible. Recent advancements in lignin modification, fractionation, and innovative biorefinery techniques have expanded its potential applications, particularly as a natural antioxidant. This review explores the underlying chemistry of lignin’s antioxidant activities, from model compounds to technical lignin resources, and examines its current applications. Additionally, we highlight the influence of lignin’s chemical structure and functional groups on its antioxidant efficacy, emphasizing its promising role in the development of practical and sustainable solutions.
Hybrid Multi-Objective Artificial Bee Colony for Flexible Assembly Job Shop with Learning Effect
Authors: Du Zhaosheng , Li Junqing , Li Jiake
Published: January 2025

The flexible job shop scheduling problem is a typical and complex combinatorial optimization problem. In recent years, the assembly problem in job shop scheduling problems has been widely studied. However, most of the studies ignore the learning effect of workers, which may lead to higher costs than necessary. This paper considers a flexible assembly job scheduling problem with learning effect (FAJSPLE) and proposes a hybrid multi-objective artificial bee colony (HMABC) algorithm to solve the problem. Firstly, a mixed integer linear programming model is developed where the maximum completion time (makespan), total energy consumption and total cost are optimized simultaneously. Secondly, a critical path-based mutation strategy was designed to dynamically adjust the level of workers according to the characteristics of the critical path. Finally, the local search capability is enhanced by combining the simulated annealing algorithm (SA), and four search operators with different neighborhood structures are designed. By comparative analysis on different scales instances, the proposed algorithm reduces 55.8 and 958.99 on average over the comparison algorithms for the GD and IGD metrics, respectively; for the C-metric, the proposed algorithm improves 0.036 on average over the comparison algorithms.
A Versatile SAW Sensor-Based Modular and Portable Platform for a Multi-Sensor Device
Authors: López-Luna Ángel , Arroyo Patricia , Matatagui Daniel , Sánchez-Vicente Carlos , Lozano Jesús
Published: January 2025

This study presents the development and characterization of a novel electronic nose system based on customized surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors. The system includes four sensors, customized with different custom polymer coatings, in order to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The main innovation lies in the design of a robust and versatile switching electronics system that allows for the integration of the SAW sensors into portable systems, as well as interoperability with other gas sensor technologies. The system includes a modular architecture that allows multiple sensor arrays to be combined to improve the selectivity and discrimination of complex gas mixtures. To verify the proper performance of the system and the detection capability of the manufactured sensors, experimental laboratory tests have been carried out. Specifically, ethanol and acetone measurements up to a 2000 ppm concentration have been performed. These preliminary experimental results demonstrate the capability of the SAW sensors with different response patterns across the sensor array. In particular, the sensor made with the polyvinyl acetate polymer exhibits high sensitivity to both VOCs.
Research Progress on Laser-Assisted Precision Machining Technology
Authors: Liu Qimeng , Liu Jie , Ming Zhe , Cui Bo , Wang Jian
Published: January 2025

As a revolutionary advanced manufacturing technology, the core of laser-assisted machining technology lies in the innovation of traditional machining technology. It uses a laser to precisely modify the surface of the workpiece material through clever integration. This process can lead to significant changes in the microstructure, thermodynamic properties, and physical properties of the workpiece’s cutting layer, greatly facilitating the removal of material by the cutting tool. Especially for difficult-to-process materials, this technology can effectively solve the processing problems they face. This not only improves the processing accuracy, but also ensures the processing quality, making it possible to process difficult-to-process materials with high precision and high quality. This article comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in laser-assisted precision machining technology and deeply summarizes the specific mechanism of laser-assisted machining technology on the surface of workpiece materials. The influence of laser-assisted machining technology on the cutting characteristics of machining materials is elaborated in detail, providing a theoretical basis for the application of this technology. Finally, the future development direction of laser-assisted machining technology is prospected.
An Analysis of Arrays with Irregular Apertures in MEMS Smart Glasses for the Improvement of Clear View
Authors: Donatiello Roland , Iskhandar Mustaqim Siddi Que , Hasan Md Kamrul , Kästner Philipp , Qasim Muhammad Hasnain , Chen Jiahao , Baby Shilby , Elsaka Basma , Xu Guilin , Hillmer Hartmut
Published: January 2025

An innovative glass substrate surface technology including integrated micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) is presented as an advanced light modulation, heat control, and energy management system. This smart technology is based on millions of metallic micromirrors per square meter fabricated on the glass surface, which are arranged in arrays and electrostatically actuated. The smart window application exploits an elaborate MEMS glass technology for active daylight steering and energy management in buildings, enabling energy saving, CO2 emission reduction, a positive health impact, and improved well-being. When light interacts with a glass substrate that has regular, repetitive patterning at the microscopic scale on its surface, these microstructures can cause the diffraction of the transmitted light, resulting in the potential deterioration of the view quality through the smart glass. A reduction in optical artifacts for improved clear view is presented by using irregular geometric micromirror apertures. Several non-periodic, irregular micromirror aperture designs are compared with corresponding periodic regular designs. For each considered aperture geometry, the irregular array reveals a reduction in optical artifacts and, therefore, by far a clearer view than the corresponding regular array. A systematic and comprehensive study was conducted through design, simulation, technological fabrication, experimental characterization, and analysis.
Development of Visibly Opaque Polyolefin Sheets While Preserving Infrared-Light Transparency
Authors: Hoque Md. Saiful , Ali Mehnab , Sun Xiaoruo , Asad Asad , Dolez Patricia I. , Hogan James David , Sameoto Dan
Published: January 2025

This study focused on developing pigmented linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) sheets while preserving their mechanical properties and infrared (IR) transparency. Six pigments—ZnO, ZnS, TiO2, FeO yellow, FeO light brown, and FeO dark brown—were each mixed with polyethylene (PE) wax in a 1:1 ratio and blended with LLDPE at concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt%. Tensile strength tests showed minimal changes at lower pigment concentrations, with values near that of pure LLDPE (14 MPa), and slight reductions at 5 wt%. IR transparency tests, conducted using both direct and reflected heat sources, showed that white-pigmented sheets maintained over 85% transparency, while colored pigments exhibited slightly reduced IR transmittance, ranging from 70% to 91%. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the critical IR transparency range of 8–12 μm remained unaffected with both pure and pigmented sheets. On the other hand, ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) testing showed that white-pigmented sheets experienced enhanced visible-light absorption with increasing pigment concentration and thickness, while color-pigmented sheets exhibited high opacity. Additionally, micro-structuring was performed on the LLDPE sheets to further modify their IR properties, which resulted in effective scattering of IR radiation. These findings highlight the potential of pigmented LLDPE sheets for applications requiring both visual opacity and IR transparency, such as thermal management and camouflage, as well as applications requiring tunable IR properties.
Production of Uniform Droplets and Lipid Nanoparticles Using Perfluoropolyether-Based Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Cho Mincheol , Kim Eun Seo , Ryu Tae-Kyung , Choi Inseong , Choi Sung-Wook
Published: January 2025

Microfluidic devices are greatly affected by the materials used. The materials used in previous studies had problems in various aspects, such as processing, adsorption, and price. This study will investigate the materials needed to overcome such problems. Various microfluidic devices based on the perfluorinated compound perfluoropolyether (PFPE) were fabricated and mixed with hydrophilic and amphiphilic monomers, including poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, acrylic acid, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. A PFPE-based sheet with a repeating structure of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups was fabricated. Thus, the hydrophilicity of highly hydrophobic PFPE was enhanced. The fluidic channel was engraved on a PFPE-based sheet using laser cutting and a fabricated microfluidic device. The channels of microfluidic devices are micro-scale (100 µm~300 µm). The lipid nanoparticles and droplets generated through the microfluidic device demonstrated uniform particles continuously.
Optimization of Ultrasonic-Enzyme Synergistic Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Jujube: Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivity Study
Authors: Lu Qiaoshuang , Ye Zheng , Yang Chun
Published: January 2025

Proanthocyanidins have received extensive attention due to their high functional value, but their sources are limited. Therefore, this experiment studied the preparation, biological activities, and characterization of proanthocyanidins from Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Muzao) at different periods, aiming to explore a new source of proanthocyanidins and enhance their utilization value. Through ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction, the optimal extraction conditions for PC from Muzao were determined, yielding a proanthocyanidin content of 2.01%. Purification using AB-8 macroporous resin increased the proanthocyanidin content by 11 times. The bioactivity results indicated that proanthocyanidins demonstrated significant in vitro antioxidant activity (scavenging rate ≥ 83.4%) and blood glucose-lowering activity (inhibition rate ≥ 84.7%). Both activities decreased with maturity, while the degree of polymerization also exhibited a positive effect. Mass spectrometry identified a total of 102 compounds, with cyanidin-based compounds being the most abundant, comprising 28 species. The comprehensive research results indicate that the oligomeric proanthocyanidins extracted, purified, and isolated from Muzao during the young fruit stage exhibit diverse biological activities and are abundant in content. They can be utilized for the extraction and purification of proanthocyanidins, offering a reference for the expansion of natural sources of proanthocyanidins and the development of functional foods.
Metabolite Profiling and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don Bulbs Derived from Tissue Culture
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Jiamin , Zhang Enhao , Yang Yixi , Lu Qiuxia , Zhu Ziwei , Li Rui
Published: January 2025

Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (known as Chuan-Bei-Mu in Chinese) is a prominent medicinal plant utilized in traditional medicine for chronic respiratory ailments. It has garnered global acknowledgment because of its incorporation in many herbal preparations, resulting in a significant increase in demand and, consequently, leading to the decimation of wild populations. The study aimed to obtain regenerated plantlets of F. cirrhosa using in vitro propagation techniques and evaluate the accumulation of active metabolites and anti-inflammatory properties from in vitro and natural plant bulbs. UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis identified 267 metabolites. Notably, 118 metabolites showed significantly different intensities between the wild bulbs (WBs) and in vitro tissue culture-regenerated bulbs (RBs). Higher edpetiline amounts were obtained from the RBs, and 14 steroid-related metabolites were elevated in RBs. Both RB and WB extracts had comparable anti-inflammatory abilities and significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced epithelial cell TSLP release. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that the efficacy of WB and RB extracts depended on the regulation of the TRPV1/NFAT pathway. These findings highlight the viability of in vitro regeneration and medicinal part replacement as sustainable alternatives to the existing detrimental overharvesting of wild Chuan-Bei-Mu populations.
Interventional Effects of Edible Bird’s Nest and Free Sialic Acids on LPS-Induced Brain Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Qian Nan , Zhang Chen-Xi , Fang Guan-Dong , Qiu Shuang , Song Yu , Yuan Man , Wang Dong-Liang , Cheng Xiang-Rong
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Our study investigated the effects and mechanisms of edible bird’s nest (EBN) and free sialic acids (SA) on LPS-induced brain inflammation in mice. Methods: The experiment divided the mice into four groups: control group (CON), lipopolysaccharide group (LPS), EBN intervention group (EBN, 200 mg/kg/d in dry EBN), and sialic acid intervention group (SA, dosage was calibrated based on the concentration of sialic acid in EBN). Results: The results showed that LPS caused a decrease followed by upregulation in body weight in female mice, and EBN exhibited renal protective effects. In the Morris water maze, the learning and memory abilities of mice in the LPS group first declined and then recovered. At the same time, the escape latency improved in the EBN and SA groups. In the Open field test, both the EBN and SA groups exhibited anti-anxiety and anti-depressive effects. Immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus showed significant cell damage in the LPS group, while the damage was alleviated in the EBN and SA groups. LPS promoted the expression of TICAM1 and MYD88 in the NF-κB pathway, while both the EBN and SA groups could inhibit the expression of TICAM1. Conclusions: The study has found that both EBN and SA exhibited noteworthy anti-inflammatory effects, indicating that the main active component in EBN that provides neuroprotective effects is SA. The bound SA in EBN confers additional effects, supporting the development of prevention and treatment strategies for brain inflammation.
Egg Consumption: Trends Over 48 Years, Patterns Across the Lifespan, and Predictors of Intake
Authors: Kritz-Silverstein Donna , Bettencourt Ricki
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Eggs are an excellent nutritional source. However, historical associations of dietary cholesterol with serum cholesterol and cardiovascular disease, along with restrictive dietary guidelines may have been barriers to egg consumption. This study examines trends over time, patterns, and predictors of egg consumption in individuals followed for 48 years, and current barriers to usage. Methods: Participants were 6326 men and women enrolled in the Rancho Bernardo Study in 1972–1974 when asked about the number of eggs consumed/week. Subsequent egg intake was collected with food frequency questionnaires during clinic visits in 1988–1991 (n = 1627) and 1992–1996 (n = 1385), and with the original question on a 2021 mailed survey (n = 710), when barriers to intake were also queried. Results: The mean (±SD) number of eggs consumed was 3.6 ± 3.0 in 1972–1974, 1.8 ± 2.1 in 1988–1991, 1.8 ± 2.2 in 1992–1996, and 3.4 ± 3.5 in 2021. Comparisons within 5-year categories of enrollment age (<20, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, >40) showed no differences in egg intake between 1972 and 1974, and when older in 2021. Men consumed more eggs than women at all timepoints (p’s < 0.0001). High cholesterol and taking cholesterol-lowering medication were associated with lower egg consumption in 1972–1974 (p’s < 0.0001), but were not associated in 2021. Over 22% reported limiting egg intake in 2021; the majority cited cholesterol content of eggs or having high cholesterol as barriers. Conclusions: Egg consumption was responsive to dietary guidelines, decreasing over time then increasing by 2021 to levels similar to those of the early 1970s. Despite the abandonment of these guidelines, they continue to have a negative impact for a segment of society, suggesting the need for additional education on the health benefits of eggs.
Metabolic Syndrome in the Amazon: Customizing Diagnostic Methods for Urban Communities
Authors: Alcaide-Leyva José M. , Romero-Saldaña Manuel , García-Rodríguez María , Molina-Luque Rafael , Jiménez-Mérida María del Rocío , Molina-Recio Guillermo
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is a significant public health issue, particularly in urbanizing regions like the Peruvian Amazon, where lifestyle changes have increased the prevalence of metabolic disorders. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple, cost-effective diagnostic model for early detection of metabolic syndrome in the urban population of San Juan Bautista, Iquitos. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 251 adults aged over 18 years. Data collection included anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and biochemical assessments. Logistic regression analyses identified key predictors of metabolic syndrome, and clinical decision trees were developed to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 47.9%. Systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were the strongest predictors. The most effective diagnostic model, combining very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and systolic blood pressure, achieved a sensitivity of 91.6% and a specificity of 78.5%, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: The proposed model offers a practical, low-cost tool for early detection of metabolic syndrome in resource-limited urban settings. However, its findings are limited by the small sample size and the lack of external validation, requiring further studies to confirm its generalizability and applicability to other populations. Its implementation in primary healthcare could facilitate timely interventions, reducing the risk of chronic diseases in vulnerable populations.
An Active Learning Model for Promoting Healthy Cooking and Dietary Strategies Among South Asian Children: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Tang Tricia S. , Gill Simran , Basra Inderpreet
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: South Asian children living in Canada have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors compared to their non-South Asian counterparts, and poor dietary habits may contribute to this health disparity. Methods: This study uses a pre–post intervention design to examine the impact of a family-focused, “hands-on” cooking workshop on improving three cooking and dietary strategies: (1) using healthy cooking techniques, (2) practicing portion control, and (3) making healthy substitutions. We recruited 70 South Asian parent–child dyads (n = 140) across four elementary schools in Surrey, British Columbia. The 90 min workshop includes a didactic segment on healthy food preparation and dietary strategies, followed by an interactive cooking session where participants make a healthier version of a traditional Punjabi dish. Results: Among the three dietary strategies measured, both children and parents increased their frequency of using healthy cooking techniques (child p = 0.02; parent p < 0.001) and practicing portion control (child p < 0.001; parent p = 0.02). No changes were reported by either group for making healthy substitutions. Conclusions: Findings suggest that educational approaches that engage the family as a unit and encourage active participation are associated with improvements in cooking and dietary strategies in the South Asian community.
New UB006 Derivatives With Higher Solubility and Cytotoxic Activity in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Reina Marc , Ariza Xavier , Serra Dolors , Garcia Jordi , Herrero Laura
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The compound (±)-UB006 ((4SR,5SR)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylene-5-octyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one) is a promising anti-cancer molecule. The enantiomer (–)-UB006 displays a potent cytotoxic effect in several tumor cell lines, particularly the ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cell line, with a 40-fold increase in potency compared with the fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitor C75. Furthermore, in vivo, (–)-UB006 reduced the tumor burden in neuroblastoma xenografts. This effect was attributed to FAS inhibition and upregulation of apoptotic markers. However, CoA adducts of UB006 presented low solubility. Methods: We synthesized several (±)-UB006 derivatives by elongating the carbon chain of the primary alcohol and/or by adding hydroxyl groups with the aim of finding more potent and soluble anti-cancer compounds. Results: Our results showed a decrease in cytotoxicity when the carbon chain was elongated by more than two carbons. However, ethyl or propyl polyhydroxylated four-branched compounds showed an increased or maintained potency and solubility. The most promising compound was (±)-UB035 (IC50: 2.1 ± 0.2 µM), with a 2.5-fold increase in cytotoxicity in the OVCAR-3 cell line and a >4-fold increase in solubility (>2 mM) compared with (±)-UB006.
Advanced Nanopharmaceutical Intervention for the Reduction of Inflammatory Responses and the Enhancement of Behavioral Outcomes in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Models
Authors: Li Jun , Huang Dongqing , Liao Wanchen , Wang Yulin , Liu Yibiao , Luan Ping
Published: January 2025

Background: The excessive accumulation of Aβ plays a critical role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the therapeutic potential of drugs like curcumin is often limited by low biocompatibility and BBB permeability. In this study, we developed a nanomaterial, BP-PEG-Tar@Cur, which was designed to enhance the biocompatibility of (curcumin) Cur, target Aβ, and augment BBB permeability through near-infrared (NIR) photothermal effects. Methods: Soluble Aβ, ThT fluorescence, and Aβ depolymerization fluorescence experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of BP-PEG-Tar@Cur to inhibit Aβ aggregation and dissociate Aβ fibrils. Cell uptake assays were performed to confirm the targeting ability of BP-PEG-Tar@Cur towards Aβ. In vitro mitochondrial ROS clearance and in vivo detection of inflammatory factors were used to assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the nanodrug. Water maze behavioral experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of BP-PEG-Tar@Cur on spatial memory, learning ability, and behavioral disorders in AD mice. Results: The nanodrug effectively inhibited Aβ aggregation and dissociated Aβ fibrils in vitro. BP-PEG-Tar@Cur demonstrated efficiency in curbing ROS overproduction in mitochondria and dampening the activation of microglia and astrocytes triggered by Aβ aggregation. Water maze behavioral experiments revealed that BP-PEG-Tar@Cur enhanced spatial memory, learning ability, and alleviated behavioral disorders in AD mice. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings demonstrate that BP-PEG-Tar@Cur has the potential to be an effective targeted drug for inhibiting Aβ aggregation and improving cognitive impairment in AD mice.
Effects of Cytokinins on Morphogenesis, Total (Poly)Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of In Vitro-Cultured Hop Plantlets, cvs. Cascade and Columbus
Authors: Leto Leandra , Guarrasi Valeria , Agosti Anna , Nironi Martina , Chiancone Benedetta , Juan Vicedo Jorge
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Humulus lupulus L. plants constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds. The synthesis of bioactive compounds in plants is often triggered by the activation of secondary metabolism, which can be induced by biotic or abiotic elicitors. In vitro, the effect of the elicitors can be studied in a controlled environment and in a small space, independently of seasonal variations. Cytokinins are frequently used in plant tissue culture for bud regeneration, branching and shoot elongation due to their role in cell division enhancement. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different cytokinins on the growth parameters, total (poly)phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of in vitro-grown hop plants to evaluate hop vitro-derived biomass as a potential source of bioactive compounds. (2) Methods: unimodal hop (cvs. Cascade and Columbus) explants were cultured on media enriched with four cytokinins (kinetin, 6-benzylaminopurine, meta-topolin and 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine) at four concentrations. (3) Results: A genotype-dependent response to different cytokinins was encountered. (4) Conclusions Columbus explants could root in culture media auxin-free, providing valuable opportunities for commercial nurseries. Moreover, cytokinins were confirmed to be valuable elicitors to stimulate the bioactive compound biosynthesis in micropropagated hop plants, making them a precious source for various industries.
Sustainable Production of Porous Activated Carbon from Hydrothermally Carbonized Jamoya Fruit Seeds and Its Potential for Adsorbing the Azo Dye Carmoisine B
Authors: Chaudhary Shubham , Chaudhary Monika , Tyagi Vaishali , Chaubey Shivangi , Suhas  , Gupta Vikas , Pestana da Paixão Cansado Isabel , Ahmed Jahangeer
Published: January 2025

Porous carbon materials can serve as effective and versatile adsorbents in water pollution management. This study presents a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method to produce porous carbon materials (JFS-PC) by exploiting Jamoya fruit seeds (JFS) as a precursor using a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. HTC is a thermochemical process for the conversion of high moisture content biomass into carbon-rich materials. The process is performed in a temperature range of 180–250 °C during which the biomass is submerged in water and heated in a sealed environment under autogenous pressure. The adsorbents obtained were explored using different techniques viz. XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, and surface area analyses to evaluate their characteristics that are beneficial for the adsorption process. Surface area analysis revealed that the developed activated carbon exhibits appreciable surface area (440.8 m2g−1), with a mean pore diameter of 3.97 nm. Activated carbon was successfully tested on the removal of an azo dye, Carmoisine B (CB), from water systems. Isothermal and kinetic evaluation demonstrated that the dye adsorption agrees well with the Langmuir (R2 = 0.993) and pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.998) kinetics models. The experiments were designed to investigate the influence of adsorbate concentration (1 × 10−4 and 2 × 10−4 mol L−1), collision time (5–300 min), pH (2–12) of the solution, and temperature (25–45 °C) on the adsorption of the selected dye. The results revealed that pH influences the adsorption capacity of CB and showed maximum adsorption between pH 2 and 5. Experimentally, the CB isotherms showed maximum adsorption capacities of 169.0 mg g−1, at 45 °C. Mechanisms indicate that the surface charge of the adsorbent, and structures of the adsorbate play key roles in adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters revealed an endothermic and a physisorption process supported by Van’t Hoff calculations. The study indicates that the developed porous carbon (JFS-PC) can be successfully used for the removal of CB from water systems. It also highlights the use of an inexpensive and renewable precursor for the development of porous carbon materials.
The Atemporal Plan for Union with God: Father Matta Al-Miskīn against the Backdrop of His Alexandrian Predecessors
Authors: Samir Wagdy
Published: January 2025

The present paper explores contemporary desert father Matta Al-Miskīn’s views on humankind’s union with God within the Paradise–Fall–Salvation schema against the backdrop of his Alexandrian Patristic forebears. He understood humankind’s paradisal perfection as an orientation towards God and access to the divine life. Through the Incarnation, Christ reclaimed humanity’s access to the divine life. Based on Matta’s Commentary on the Gospel of John, this paper shows that the Paradise–Fall–Salvation continuum confirms his assertion that humankind’s union with God is the goal of Creation. The paper also demonstrates that Matta’s vocabulary points to the fundamental difference between being God by nature and being God by adoption, with the latter state to be fully attained in eternity.
The Core Idea, Theoretical Doubts, and Re-Understanding of the Theory of Śūnyatā in Madhyamaka Philosophy
Authors: Zhao Zelin
Published: January 2025

With the introduction of the theory of śūnyatā (emptiness 空) in Madhyamaka philosophy from India to China, Indian Buddhism and Chinese culture have achieved a historic new convergence in their understanding of emptiness. After several evolutions of the theory of śūnyatā in Madhyamaka philosophy, some people agree with it, while some question it, and the discussion around it has been very complicated. Determining how to fully understand and scientifically conceive of the core idea of the theory of śūnyatā in Madhyamaka philosophy and its contemporary value have become important issues in related research. Most of the existing research focuses on the theoretical interpretation of the theory of śūnyatā in Madhyamaka philosophy, but understanding and research from the perspective of life practices are still quite scanty, hindering the attainment of a comprehensive understanding and objective cognition of this theory’s actual value. The purpose of this paper is to strengthen the practical research on the theory of śūnyatā in Madhyamaka philosophy in order to fully understand and scientifically conceptualize its core ideas and contemporary value. From the two basic perspectives of past and present, in regard to both theory and practice, we will re-explore the core ideas of the theory of śūnyatā in Madhyamaka philosophy and investigate and analyze corresponding theoretical doubts. We further reveal that the theory of śūnyatā in Madhyamaka philosophy is not only a metaphysical philosophical theory in which the nature of the world is regarded as empty and its logic as consistent but also a practical piece of wisdom that views the world as empty so as to eliminate all kinds of life troubles and help people attain a better life experience. The dialectical wisdom of both the theory and practice of the theory of śūnyatā in Madhyamaka philosophy gives it very broad theoretical potential and practical prospects, making it worthy of in-depth study by relevant researchers.
Knowledge-Guided Multi-Task Network for Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Li Meixuan , Wang Guoqing , Li Tianyu , Yang Yang , Li Wei , Liu Xun , Liu Ying
Published: January 2025

Semantic segmentation and height estimation tasks in remote sensing imagery exhibit distinctive characteristics, including scale sensitivity, category imbalance, and insufficient fine details. Recent approaches have leveraged multi-task learning methods to jointly predict these tasks along with auxiliary tasks, such as edge detection, to improve the accuracy of fine-grained details. However, most approaches only acquire knowledge from auxiliary tasks, disregarding the inter-task knowledge guidance across all tasks. To address these challenges, we propose KMNet, a novel architecture referred to as a knowledge-guided multi-task network, which can be applied to different primary and auxiliary task combinations. KMNet employs a multi-scale methodology to extract feature information from the input image. Subsequently, the architecture incorporates the multi-scale knowledge-guided fusion (MKF) module, which is designed to generate a comprehensive knowledge bank serving as a resource for guiding the feature fusion process. The knowledge-guided fusion feature is then utilized to generate the final predictions for the primary tasks. Comprehensive experiments conducted on two publicly available remote sensing datasets, namely the Potsdam dataset and the Vaihingen dataset, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving impressive performance on both semantic segmentation and height estimation tasks. Codes, pre-trained models, and more results will be publicly available.
An InSAR-Based Framework for Advanced Large-Scale Failure Probability Assessment of Oil and Gas Pipelines
Authors: Yang Yanchen , Liu Yang , Guo Yihong , Shen Jinli , Xie Chou , Zhang Nannan , Tian Bangsen , Zhu Yu , Mao Ying
Published: January 2025

In the development and production of oilfields, oil and gas gathering and transportation pipelines play a pivotal role, with their safe and stable operation being crucial for energy transmission. The environmental conditions and geological disasters along the pipeline routes pose significant threats to pipeline integrity. Existing research often fails to adequately consider the characteristics of oil and gas pipelines as entities that endure such disasters, as well as the potential impacts of surrounding geological disasters and ground deformations. This study establishes a comprehensive failure probability assessment framework aimed at evaluating the susceptibility to disasters, environmental factors, and potential ground deformations along pipeline routes. By employing DS-InSAR technology, we account for the effects of ground deformation and conduct an in-depth analysis of the vulnerability and susceptibility to geological disasters along a pipeline. These assessments are integrated using a failure probability matrix method, resulting in a failure probability level distribution map for the pipelines. In this study, we applied the framework to the Ordos Basin in China. The insights and framework offer a comprehensive understanding for large-scale oil and gas pipeline failure probability assessment, aiding relevant authorities in precisely grasping the impacts of disasters, environmental conditions, and their changes on pipelines, enabling the identification of management priorities and the formulation of more accurate protective measures.
Securing the 6G–IoT Environment: A Framework for Enhancing Transparency in Artificial Intelligence Decision-Making Through Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Gupta Lav
Published: January 2025

Wireless communication advancements have significantly improved connectivity and user experience with each generation. The recent release of the framework M.2160 for the upcoming sixth generation (6G or IMT-2030) cellular wireless standard by ITU-R has significantly heightened expectations, particularly for Internet of Things (IoT) driven use cases. However, this progress introduces significant security risks, as technologies like O-RAN, terahertz communication, and native AI pose threats such as eavesdropping, supply chain vulnerabilities, model poisoning, and adversarial attacks. The increased exposure of sensitive data in 6G applications further intensifies these challenges. This necessitates a concerted effort from stakeholders including ITU-R, 3GPP, ETSI, OEMs and researchers to embed security and resilience as core components of 6G. While research is advancing, establishing a comprehensive security framework remains a significant challenge. To address these evolving threats, our research proposes a dynamic security framework that emphasizes the integration of explainable AI (XAI) techniques like SHAP and LIME with advanced machine learning models to enhance decision-making transparency, improve security in complex 6G environments, and ensure effective detection and mitigation of emerging cyber threats. By refining model accuracy and ensuring alignment through recursive feature elimination and consistent cross-validation, our approach strengthens the overall security posture of the IoT–6G ecosystem, making it more resilient to adversarial attacks and other vulnerabilities.