bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manifestation of hidden symmetries in baryonic matter: From finite nuclei to neutron stars
Authors: Rho Mannque , Ma Yong-Liang
Published: February 2021

When hadron-quark continuity is formulated in terms of a topology change at a density higher than twice the nuclear matter density [Formula: see text], the core of massive compact stars can be described in terms of quasiparticles of fractional baryon charges, behaving neither like pure baryons nor like deconfined quarks. Hidden symmetries, both local gauge and pseudo-conformal (or broken scale), emerge and give rise both to the long-standing “effective [Formula: see text]” in nuclear Gamow–Teller (GT) transitions at [Formula: see text] and to the pseudo-conformal sound velocity [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]. It is suggested that what has been referred to, since a long time, as “quenched [Formula: see text]” in light nuclei reflects what leads to the dilaton-limit [Formula: see text] at near the (putative) infrared fixed point of scale invariance. These properties are confronted with the recent observations in GT transitions and in astrophysical observations.
Multi-hop teleportation ofN-qubit state via Bell states
Authors: Fatahi Negin
Published: February 2021

Multi-hop teleportation is a quantum teleportation scheme for transferring quantum states on a large scale. In this paper, a new multi-hop teleportation protocol is investigated for transferring arbitrary N-qubit states between M-neighbor nodes. In this scheme, intermediate nodes are connected with each other by symmetric entangled Bell states as quantum channels. First, one-hop teleportation of single-qubit, two-qubit and N-qubit states are introduced, then this method is generalized to two-hop and multi-hop teleportation for N-qubit. Also, we calculate the efficiency of this scheme.
The phasemeter of Taiji-1 experimental satellite
Authors: Luo Zi-Ren , Yu Tao , Liu He-Shan ,   On behalf of The Taiji Scientific Collaboration
Published: February 2021

Taiji-1 is the first demonstrated experimental satellite of Taiji program in China. Phasemeter is one of the key components of the laser interferometer which is responsible for phase extraction of the heterodyne signals. In this paper, we present the architecture and implementation of Taiji-1 phasemeter. The DPLL architecture is used in Taiji-1 which is generally regarded as the best choice for space missions. We test the phasemeter on the ground and the results show that the phasemeter reaches the sensitivity of 600 [Formula: see text]rad/[Formula: see text] in the frequency range of 0.01–1[Formula: see text]Hz. It is further shown that it can reach the accuracy of 30 [Formula: see text]rad/[Formula: see text] in the frequency range of 0.1–1[Formula: see text]Hz, both of which are within the technical requirements of Taiji-1 mission.
The new features of generalized order parameter localization in multi-layered magnetic structures
Authors: Savotchenko S. E.
Published: February 2021

The new types of nonlinear localized state of generalized order parameter in the three-layered structure of band antiferromagnets with congruent sections of the Fermi surface are obtained. The nonlinear effects inside the narrow plane defects between the layers representing the local magnetization in the direction of polarization of the spin density wave are described by the nonlinear source function. The variation of the Ginsburg–Landau functional near the Lifshitz point leads to nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NSE) with cubic nonlinear terms and self-consistent nonlinear potential modeling the plane defects. The dispersion equations of two type stationary nonlinear localized states are derived. The solutions of dispersion equations in explicit analytical form in dependence on characteristics of plane defects and the distance between them are found and analyzed. The localized states of order parameter existing only near the plane defects with nonlinear response are obtained.
A Low Supply Voltage, Low Line Sensitivity and High PSRR Subthreshold CMOS Voltage Reference
Authors: Thakur Arvind , Pandey Rishikesh , Rai Shireesh Kumar
Published: February 2021

The paper presents a low supply voltage CMOS voltage reference with low line sensitivity and high PSRR. Generally, the reference voltage is obtained using both complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) current and proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) current. This technique increases the complexity and area of the reference circuit. To overcome these drawbacks, the temperature compensated reference voltage has been proposed using only CTAT currents. Mostly, the CTAT current generators are simple, power-efficient, and area-efficient as compared to the PTAT current generators. The negative feedback loop has been formed in the proposed design to obtain a supply independent CTAT current and to avoid the use of startup drivers. The proposed circuit has been designed using Cadence virtuoso analog design environment in BSIM3V3 180[Formula: see text]nm CMOS technology. The simulation results of the proposed circuit show a reference voltage of 312[Formula: see text]mV with a temperature coefficient (TC) of 38.85[Formula: see text]ppm/∘C over a wide temperature range of [Formula: see text]C to 125∘C with a supply voltage of 0.8[Formula: see text]V. The line sensitivity is 0.027% [Formula: see text] with a supply voltage ranging from 0.8[Formula: see text]V to 3[Formula: see text]V. The power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) without using any capacitive filter is observed as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB at 100[Formula: see text]Hz and 100[Formula: see text]kHz frequency, respectively. The circuit is simple and occupies a chip area of 0.0027[Formula: see text]mm2.
Polynomial invariants of singular knots and links
Authors: Ceniceros Jose , Churchill Indu R. , Elhamdadi Mohamed
Published: February 2021

We generalize the notion of the quandle polynomial to the case of singquandles. We show that the singquandle polynomial is an invariant of finite singquandles. We also construct a singular link invariant from the singquandle polynomial and show that this new singular link invariant generalizes the singquandle counting invariant. In particular, using the new polynomial invariant, we can distinguish singular links with the same singquandle counting invariant.
Axions: From magnetars and neutron star mergers to beam dumps and BECs
Authors: Fortin Jean-François , Guo Huai-Ke , Harris Steven P. , Kim Doojin , Sinha Kuver , Sun Chen
Published: February 2021

We review topics in searches for axion-like-particles (ALPs), covering material that is complementary to other recent reviews. The first half of our review covers ALPs in the extreme environments of neutron star cores, the magnetospheres of highly magnetized neutron stars (magnetars), and in neutron star mergers. The focus is on possible signals of ALPs in the photon spectrum of neutron stars and gravitational wave/electromagnetic signals from neutron star mergers. We then review recent developments in laboratory-produced ALP searches, focusing mainly on accelerator-based facilities including beam-dump type experiments and collider experiments. We provide a general-purpose discussion of the ALP search pipeline from production to detection, in steps, and our discussion is straightforwardly applicable to most beam-dump type and reactor experiments. We end with a selective look at the rapidly developing field of ultralight dark matter, specifically the formation of Bose–Einstein Condensates (BECs). We review the properties of BECs of ultralight dark matter and bridge these properties with developments in numerical simulations, and ultimately with their impact on experimental searches.
The Neumann problem for degenerate Hessian quotient equations
Authors: Mei Xinqun
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we prove the existence of the [Formula: see text]-solution to the classical Neumann problem for the degenerate elliptic Hessian quotient equation [Formula: see text] under the condition that [Formula: see text].
Dynamic Stiffness Formulation for Out-of-Plane Natural Vibration of Elastically Supported Functionally Graded Plates
Authors: Ali Md. Imran , Azam Mohammad Sikandar
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the natural vibration characteristics of elastically supported functionally graded material plate are investigated using the dynamic stiffness method (DSM). Power-law functionally graded (P-FG) plate, the material properties of which vary smoothly along the thickness direction following the power-law function, that has been used for the analysis. Classical plate theory and Hamilton’s principle are used for deriving the governing differential equation of motion and associated edge conditions for P-FG plate supported by elastic foundation. During the formulation of dynamic stiffness (DS) matrix, the concepts of rotary inertia and neutral surface are implemented. Wittrick–Williams (W-W) algorithm is used as a solving technique for the DS matrix to compute eigenvalues. The results thus obtained by DSM for the isotropic, P-FG plate, and the P-FG plate with elastic foundation compare well with published results that are based on different analytical and numerical methods. The comparisons indicate that this approach is very accurate. Furthermore, results are provided for elastically supported P-FG plate under four different considerations in order to see the differences in frequencies with the inclusion or exclusion of neutral surface and/or rotary inertia. It is noticed that the inclusion of rotary inertia and neutral surface influences the eigenvalues of P-FG plate, and that cannot be discounted. The study also examines the influence of plate geometry, material gradient index, edge conditions, and elastic foundation modulus on the natural frequency of P-FG plate.
Coherent states attached to the quantum disc algebra and their associated polynomials
Authors: Fakhri H. , Refahinozhat M.
Published: February 2021

The one-variable [Formula: see text]-coherent states attached to the [Formula: see text]-disc algebra are constructed and used to obtain the [Formula: see text]-Bargmann–Fock realization of its Fock representation. Then, this realization is used to obtain the [Formula: see text]-continuous Hermite polynomials as well as continuous and discrete [Formula: see text]-Hermite polynomials by using a pair of Hermitian canonical conjugate operators and two pairs of the non-Hermitian conjugate operators, respectively. Besides, we introduce a two-variable family of [Formula: see text]-coherent states attached to the Fock representation space of the [Formula: see text]-disc algebra and its opposite algebra and obtain their simultaneous [Formula: see text]-Bargmann–Fock realization. For an appropriate non-Hermitian operator, the latter realization is served to obtain the well-known little [Formula: see text]-Jacobi polynomials used in constructing the [Formula: see text]-disc polynomials.
Classifying gyrotransversals in groups
Authors: Lal Ratan , Kakkar Vipul
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we classify the gyrotransversals upto isomorphism in a group [Formula: see text] to a fixed subgroup of it. As an application, we have calculated the isomorphism class of gyrotransversals in finite dihedral group to any subgroup of it. As a consequence, we get a lower bound for non-isomorphic right gyrogroups of order [Formula: see text].
Sweeping surfaces according to type-2 Bishop frame in Euclidean 3-space
Authors: Abdel-Baky Rashad A. , Mofarreh Fatemah
Published: February 2021

This work is concerned with the study of the kinematic-geometry of a special kind of tube surfaces, so-called sweeping surface in Euclidean 3-space [Formula: see text]. It is generated by a plane curve moving through space such that the movement of any point on the surface is always orthogonal to the plane. In particular, the type-2 Bishop frame is considered and some important theorems are obtained. Also, the problem of singularity and convexity of such sweeping surface is discussed. Finally, an application is presented and plotted using computer aided geometric design.
Optimal pricing, replenishment scheduling, and preservation technology investment policy for multi-item deteriorating inventory model under shortages
Authors: Barman Abhijit , Das Rubi , De Pijus Kanti
Published: February 2021

In a wholesale shop, the retailer is required to keep an inventory of various ranges of a product due to uncertainty in consumer preferences and behavior. Different Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) models for each variety of a product are needed for optimum level of inventory. EOQ model decides how much stock a shopkeeper has to store, according to demand and deterioration of different items to optimize the inventory policy of multiple products. Items like fashion, food, vegetables, pharmaceuticals, etc., deteriorate in the retailer’s warehouse during storage. An investment is required in preservation technology to significantly reduce the deterioration rate, reduce economic losses, and increase business competitiveness. Here, a multi-item deteriorating EOQ model with a fixed cycle duration has been developed incorporating the preservation technology. The demands for the items are a quadratic function of the selling price, and shortages are allowed. The main objective is to determine the optimal selling price, investment under preservation, the time length up to zero inventory, order quantity of the proposed inventory model such that the overall profit will be maximized. First, we prove that the optimal selling price and investment in preservation exist and are unique. Next, the total profit per unit time is a concave function of selling price and preservation technology investment. An algorithm is designed to obtain the optimum joint policy. A numerical example has been given to illustrate the model, and sensitivity analysis is conducted, which gives some managerial insights.
Dielectric properties and electrical response of yttrium-doped Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics
Authors: Yang Longhai , Song Luwen , Li Qi , Zhang Tao
Published: February 2021

([Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Cu3Ti4[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] 0.00–0.30) ceramics were successfully prepared via the conventional solid-state method. X-ray powder diffraction confirmed the lattice constant gradually decreases with increasing Y[Formula: see text] content. SEM images displayed Y[Formula: see text] substitution for Bi[Formula: see text] gave rise to the large abnormal grains, and the size of abnormal grains became larger with the increase of Y[Formula: see text] substitution. ([Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Cu3Ti4[Formula: see text] ceramics presented the relatively high dielectric constant of 7400 with the dielectric loss of 0.055 when [Formula: see text] 0.20. The analysis of complex impedance suggested the grains are semiconductive and the grain boundaries are insulating. For pure [Formula: see text]Cu3Ti4[Formula: see text] ceramics, the appearance of additional low-frequency peaks in electrical modulus indicated the grain boundaries are heterogeneous. The investigation of modulus peaks fitting with Arrhenius formula implied that the low-frequency permittivity for all ([Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Cu3Ti4[Formula: see text] ceramics was ascribed to the Maxwell–Wagner relaxation at grain boundaries. In addition, a set of clear dielectric peaks above [Formula: see text]C associated with Maxwell–Wagner relaxation can be found for all ([Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Cu3Ti4[Formula: see text] ceramics in the temperature dependence of dielectric constant. This set of clear dielectric peaks showed a tendency to shift to higher temperatures with the increase of Y[Formula: see text] substitution. Meanwhile, a tiny dielectric anomaly at room temperature was found in Y-doped [Formula: see text]Cu3Ti4[Formula: see text] ceramics.
Moving Chinese-Focused Research Forward: Indigenous Theory and Family Business
Authors: Bruton Garry D. , Sheng Naiheng
Published: February 2021

Scholars tend to employ “universal” theories developed within the Western context, particularly the United States, when examining Chinese business phenomena. However, the applicability of such theories universally in the domain of family business in China is questionable. In order to address such Chinese context, we argue for the need to build indigenous theory. Specifically, we argue that three domains in family businesses in China represent such distinct differences from the West that such “universal” theories cannot explain them. We explore these three domains and, in turn, examine how to build indigenous theories in these scenarios. Specifically, we point out the need for abductive theory building to develop indigenous theory in China around the concerns of professionalization, harmony, and the role of government.
Efficacy of pyonex in the treatment of functional dyspepsia with mild to moderate depression
Authors: Ye Qing , Chen Xiqun , Li Hui , Hu Yuqing , Zhou Jie , Gao Chen
Published: February 2021

Objective: To observe efficacy of pyonex in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) with mild to moderate depression.

Methods: 64 FD patients with mild to moderate depression were randomly divided into control group ([Formula: see text]) and test group ([Formula: see text]). The test group was given mosapride combined with pyonex, acupuncture at Neiguan, Shenmen, Zusanli and Taichong, and the control group was given mosapride combined with sertraline. The course of treatment was 4 weeks in both groups. The changes of LDQ and HAMD scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the safety and efficacy were evaluated.

Results: ① LDQ scores: The total efficacy of the test group was 87.5%, and that of the control group was 81.3% after treatment. The curative effect of the test group was similar to that of the control group ([Formula: see text]). The total LDQ scores and single symptom scores of the test group were significantly better than those of the control group ([Formula: see text]). ② HAMD scores: The both groups were significantly improved as compared with those before treatment ([Formula: see text]). ③ Safety evaluation: There were no obvious adverse reactions in the two groups during the treatment.

Conclusions: Pyonex combined with mosapride can be safe and may improve the clinical symptoms of dyspepsia and depression.
Trained Immunity: Reprogramming Innate Immunity in Health and Disease
Authors: Bekkering Siroon , Domínguez-Andrés Jorge , Joosten Leo A.B. , Riksen Niels P. , Netea Mihai G.
Published: February 2021

Traditionally, the innate and adaptive immune systems are differentiated by their specificity and memory capacity. In recent years, however, this paradigm has shifted: Cells of the innate immune system appear to be able to gain memory characteristics after transient stimulation, resulting in an enhanced response upon secondary challenge. This phenomenon has been called trained immunity. Trained immunity is characterized by nonspecific increased responsiveness, mediated via extensive metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Trained immunity explains the heterologous effects of vaccines, which result in increased protection against secondary infections. However, in chronic inflammatory conditions, trained immunity can induce maladaptive effects and contribute to hyperinflammation and progression of cardiovascular disease, autoinflammatory syndromes, and neuroinflammation. In this review we summarize the current state of the field of trained immunity, its mechanisms, and its roles in both health and disease.
Insights Gained from Single-Cell Analysis of Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Ren Xianwen , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Ziyi , Siemers Nathan , Zhang Zemin
Published: February 2021

Understanding tumor immune microenvironments is critical for identifying immune modifiers of cancer progression and developing cancer immunotherapies. Recent applications of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in dissecting tumor microenvironments have brought important insights into the biology of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including their heterogeneity, dynamics, and potential roles in both disease progression and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies. This review focuses on the advances in knowledge of tumor immune microenvironments acquired from scRNA-seq studies across multiple types of human tumors, with a particular emphasis on the study of phenotypic plasticity and lineage dynamics of immune cells in the tumor environment. We also discuss several imminent questions emerging from scRNA-seq observations and their potential solutions on the horizon.
From Intermolecular Interaction Energies and Observable Shifts to Component Contributions and Back Again: A Tale of Variational Energy Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Mao Yuezhi , Loipersberger Matthias , Horn Paul R. , Das Akshaya , Demerdash Omar , Levine Daniel S. , Prasad Veccham Srimukh , Head-Gordon Teresa , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: February 2021

Quantum chemistry in the form of density functional theory (DFT) calculations is a powerful numerical experiment for predicting intermolecular interaction energies. However, no chemical insight is gained in this way beyond predictions of observables. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) can quantitatively bridge this gap by providing values for the chemical drivers of the interactions, such as permanent electrostatics, Pauli repulsion, dispersion, and charge transfer. These energetic contributions are identified by performing DFT calculations with constraints that disable components of the interaction. This review describes the second-generation version of the absolutely localized molecular orbital EDA (ALMO-EDA-II). The effects of different physical contributions on changes in observables such as structure and vibrational frequencies upon complex formation are characterized via the adiabatic EDA. Example applications include red- versus blue-shifting hydrogen bonds; the bonding and frequency shifts of CO, N2, and BF bound to a [Ru(II)(NH3)5]2 + moiety; and the nature of the strongly bound complexes between pyridine and the benzene and naphthalene radical cations. Additionally, the use of ALMO-EDA-II to benchmark and guide the development of advanced force fields for molecular simulation is illustrated with the recent, very promising, MB-UCB potential.
A Dynamic-Weighted Attenuation Memory Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm and Its Application in the Underwater Positioning
Authors: Guo Bo , Ma Jianye , Wang Cui
Published: February 2021

Extended Kalman filter (EKF) plays an important role in the acoustic signal processing of underwater positioning. However, accumulative errors and model inaccuracies lead to divergence. Then, attenuation memory EKF is created in response to this issue which needs to manually select all or part of the parameters. Thus, a dynamic-weighted attenuation memory EKF is proposed. Firstly, several underwater positioning simulations under different conditions are carried out. Results show, with the change of parameter conditions in positioning, the ideal attenuation coefficient changes between 0.5 and 1, but it is difficult to express it in function formula or statistical form. Secondly, a dynamic selection method of attenuation factor is designed. In the later contrast simulation, the proposed method has improved the positioning performance compared with the existing attenuation memory filter algorithm. Finally, the results of physical model verification experiment show that the dynamic-weighted attenuation memory EKF algorithm not only suppresses divergence better but also avoids the subjectivity of attenuation coefficient selection to a certain extent.
Trends in the Use of Sphingosine 1 Phosphate in Age-Related Diseases: A Scientometric Research Study (1992-2020)
Authors: He Qiong , Ding Gaofeng , Zhang Mengyuan , Nie Peng , Yang Jing , Liang Dong , Bo Jiaqi , Zhang Yi , Liu Yunfeng
Published: February 2021

Objectives. This study was designed to explore the intellectual landscape of research into the application of sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) in age-related diseases and to identify thematic development trends and research frontiers in this area. Methods. Scientometric research was conducted by analyzing bibliographic records retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) Sci-Expanded Database dated between 1900 and 2020. Countries, institutions, authors, keyword occurrence analysis, and cooperation network analysis were performed using the CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. Results. A total of 348 valid records were included in the final dataset, and the number of publications and the frequency of citations have grown rapidly over the last ten years. The USA (

n
=
175

), China (

n
=
42

), and Germany (

n
=
37

) were the three largest contributors to the global publications on S1P and aging, while the Medical University of South Carolina (

n
=
15

), University of California, San Francisco (

n
=
13

), and University of Toronto (

n
=
13

) were the leading institutions in this field. Analysis showed that early studies primarily focused on the mechanism of S1P intervention in AD. While S1P and its relevant metabolites have remained a long-term active area of research, recent studies have focused more on interventions aimed at improving retinal degeneration, cardiomyopathy, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes, among others. Conclusions. It is worth mentioning that this manuscript is the first to describe any bibliometric analysis of S1P and its application in age-related interventions. This study includes a discussion of the (1) historical overview of the topic; (2) main contributors: journals, countries, institutes, funding agencies, and authors; (3) collaboration between institutes and authors; (4) research hot spots and zones; and 5) research trends and frontiers. This will enable scholars to understand the current status of S1P research in age-related diseases.
Study on the Mechanical Characteristics of Surrounding Rock in Excavation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Li Chengwu , Wei Chengmin
Published: February 2021

Mine disasters, as associated problems in the development of coal resources, always threaten the life safety of miners and the production safety of enterprises. In coal roadway excavation, the coal in front of the excavation face is in a state of concentrated stress and the deformation is serious. The instability of the coal seam under stress is an important cause of the occurrence of coal and gas outburst. Thus, knowing the mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock in front of the working face is of great significance for deep understanding and effective prevention and control of coal-rock dynamic disasters. By analyzing the characteristics of stress evolution and deformation and failure in front of the heading face, the analytical solution of plastic region distribution in front of the heading face is obtained. According to the established mechanical model, MATLAB numerical calculation software is used to analyze different examples. The influence of different mechanical parameters on the stress state of the working face is studied. The influence parameters of the morphological characteristics of the plastic region are determined, and the change law and characteristics of the plastic region in front of the working face are studied. At the same time, through the characteristics of stress field, the working face dynamic risk assessment of coal and rock dynamic disaster can be realized, which can provide a powerful guarantee for the prevention and control of gas dynamic disasters in deep mine.
An Improved Prediction Model of IGBT Junction Temperature Based on Backpropagation Neural Network and Kalman Filter
Authors: Dou Yu
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as electric vehicles and high‐speed railways, the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is becoming increasingly important as the core of the power electronic devices. Therefore, it is imperative to maintain the stability and reliability of IGBT under different circumstances. By predicting the junction temperature of IGBT, the operating condition and aging degree can be roughly evaluated. However, the current predicting approaches such as optical, physical, and electrical methods have various shortcomings. Hence, the backpropagation (BP) neural network can be applied to avoid the difficulties encountered by conventional approaches. In this article, an advanced prediction model is proposed to obtain accurate IGBT junction temperature. This method can be divided into three phases, BP neural network estimation, interpolation, and Kalman filter prediction. First, the validities of the BP neural network and Kalman filter are verified, respectively. Then, the performances of them are compared, and the superiority of the Kalman filter is proved. In the future, the application of neural networks or deep learning in power electronics will create more possibilities.
Artificial Intelligence-Guided Subspace Clustering Algorithm for Glioma Images
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhou Yu-mei , Liao Zhen-hong , Liu Gao-yuan , Guo Kai-can
Published: February 2021

In order to improve the accuracy of glioma segmentation, a multimodal MRI glioma segmentation algorithm based on superpixels is proposed. Aiming at the current unsupervised feature extraction methods in MRI brain tumor segmentation that cannot adapt to the differences in brain tumor images, an MRI brain tumor segmentation method based on multimodal 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) feature extraction is proposed. First, the multimodal MRI is oversegmented into a series of superpixels that are uniform, compact, and exactly fit the image boundary. Then, a dynamic region merging algorithm based on sequential probability ratio hypothesis testing is applied to gradually merge the generated superpixels to form dozens of statistically significant regions. Finally, these regions are postprocessed to obtain the segmentation results of each organization of GBM. Combine 2D multimodal MRI images into 3D original features and extract features through 3D-CNNs, which is more conducive to extracting the difference information between the modalities, removing redundant interference information between the modalities, and reducing the original features at the same time. The size of the neighborhood can adapt to the difference of tumor size in different image layers of the same patient and further improve the segmentation accuracy of MRI brain tumors. The experimental results prove that it can adapt to the differences and variability between the modalities of different patients to improve the segmentation accuracy of brain tumors.
Blood Glucose Level Prediction of Diabetic Type 1 Patients Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Networks
Authors: Asad Muhammad , Qamar Usman , Abbas Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Diabetes type 1 is a chronic disease which is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. Studies reveal that the complications associated with diabetes can be reduced by proper management of the disease by continuously monitoring and forecasting the blood glucose level of patients. Objective. The prior prediction of blood glucose level is necessary to overcome the lag time for insulin absorption in diabetic type 1 patients. Method. In this research, we use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data to predict future blood glucose level using the previous data points. We compare two neural network techniques. We apply the optimal feedforward neural network and then propose optimal nonlinear autoregressive neural networks for blood glucose prediction 15–30 minutes earlier for diabetic type 1 patients. We validate the proposed model with 2 virtual subjects using their 24-hour blood glucose level data. These two case studies have been compiled from AIDA, i.e., the freeware mathematical diabetes simulator. Results. In the prediction horizon (PH) of 15 and 30 minutes, improved results have been shown for minimal inputs for blood glucose level of a particular subject. Root mean square error (RMSE) is used for performance calculation. For the optimal feedforward neural network, the RMSE is 0.9984 and 3.78 ml/dl, and for the optimal nonlinear autoregressive neural network, it reduces the RMSE to 0.60 and 1.12 ml/dl for 15 min and 30 min prediction horizons, respectively, for subject 1. Similarly, for subject 2 for the optimal feedforward neural network, RMSE is 1.43 and 3.51 ml/dl which is improved using the optimal autoregressive neural network to 0.7911 and 1.6756 ml/dl for 15 min and 30 min prediction horizons, respectively. Validation. We further validate our proposed model using UCI machine learning datasets (Abalone and Servo), and it shows improved results on that as well. Conclusion and Future Work. The proposed optimal nonlinear autoregressive neural network model performs better than the feedforward neural network model for these time series data. In the future, we intend to investigate a greater collection of AIDA scenarios and data that are real and influence other factors of BGLs.
Spontaneous Superficial Femoral Artery Mycotic Aneurysm
Authors: Vijaykumar Kalpana , Tay Jia Sheng , Tang Tjun Yip , Choke Edward Tieng Chek
Published: February 2021

Peripheral artery mycotic aneurysms are rare occurrences. In this case, we review a 52-year-old lady with poorly controlled diabetes who developed a spontaneous left superficial artery mycotic aneurysm. She underwent excision and subsequent extra-anatomic bypass with a great saphenous vein graft. She had full functional recovery after a short period of rehabilitation.
Semaphorin3B Promotes Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a High-Glucose Microenvironment
Authors: Xing Quan , Feng Jingyi , Zhang Xiaolei
Published: February 2021

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play an essential role in osteogenesis and bone metabolism and have already been recognized as one of the most popular seed cells for bone tissue engineering for bone diseases. However, high-glucose (HG) conditions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exert deleterious effects on BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Semaphorin 3B (Sema3B) increases osteoblast differentiation in bone metabolism. Here, we determined the role of Sema3B in the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the HG microenvironment. The HG microenvironment decreased Sema3B expression in BMSCs. Moreover, HG inhibited BMSC proliferation. Furthermore, HG inhibited osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs by decreasing the expression of bone formation markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization. However, the administration of recombinant Sema3B reversed all of these effects. Moreover, our study found that Sema3B could activate the Akt pathway in BMSCs. Sema3B rescues defects in BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in the HG microenvironment by activating the Akt pathway. These effects were significantly reduced by treatment with an Akt inhibitor. Together, these findings demonstrate that Sema3B promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the Akt pathway under HG conditions. Our study provides new insights into the potential ability of Sema3B to ameliorate BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in an HG microenvironment.
Effect of Double‐Side Curved Baffle on Reducing Sloshing in Tanks under Surge and Pitch Excitations
Authors: Zhu Aimeng , Xue Mi-An , Yuan Xiaoli , Zhang Feng , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2021

Sloshing is associated with the structural safety of liquid storage vessel. Installing the baffles inside the containers would be beneficial for the mitigating the damage due to the severe sloshing. In this study, an innovative type of double‐side curved baffle was proposed to evaluate its effect on reducing sloshing in a rectangular tank under surge and pitch excitation. For comparison with conventional baffles, effects of the vertical baffle and the T‐type baffle on mitigating sloshing were also studied experimentally and numerically by analyzing the free surface wave elevation as well as the hydrodynamic pressure on the tank wall. The effective stress at the double‐side curved baffle along the height direction of the baffle is much smaller than that at the T‐type baffle although they have the same mitigation effect on sloshing wave heights. The sloshing‐induced effective stress on the double‐side curved baffles was analyzed by varying their radian. Findings show that the effective stress on the baffle tends to decrease with the increase in the radian. The velocity field was presented to observe effect of the baffles on sloshing with the aid of ADINA and laboratory experiments conducted on a hexapod motion platform.
Preimpact Fall Detection for Elderly Based on Fractional Domain
Authors: Liu Ning , Zhang Dedi , Su Zhong , Wang Tianrun
Published: February 2021

The aging population has become a growing worldwide problem. Every year, deaths and injuries caused by elderly people's falls bring huge social costs. To reduce the rate of injury and death caused by falls among the elderly and the following social cost, the elderly must be monitored. In this context, falls detecting has become a hotspot for many research institutions and enterprises at home and abroad. This paper proposes an algorithm framework to prealarm the fall based on fractional domain, using inertial data sensor as motion data collection devices, preprocessing the data by axis synthesis and mean filtering, and using fractional-order Fourier transform to convert the collected data from time domain to fractional domain. Based on the above, a multilayer dichotomy classifier is designed, and each node parameter selection method is given, which constructed a preimpact fall detection system with excellent performance. The experiment result demonstrates that the algorithm proposed in this paper can guarantee better warning effect and classification accuracy with fewer features.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa Seed Extract Obtained from Supercritical CO2
Authors: Petry Fernanda , Dall’Orsoleta Bruna B. , Scatolin Mikaela , Morgan Leticia V. , Alves Bianca O. , Anzollin Gabriela S. , Zilli Gabriela A. L. , Scapinello Jaqueline , Danielli Leticia J. , Soares Krissie D. , Apel Miriam , Oliveira J. Vladimir , Magro Jacir Dal , Müller Liz G.
Published: February 2021

Campomanesia xanthocarpa is a plant species traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes, fever, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and urinary tract diseases. The anti-inflammatory effects of C. xanthocarpa leaves in mice were already known. Nevertheless, studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of its seeds are still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and acute toxicity of C. xanthocarpa seed extract, obtained from supercritical CO2 extraction (SCCO2) at 40°C and 250 bar, in mice. GC/MS analysis revealed that β-caryophyllene is the major compound present in the C. xanthocarpa SCCO2 extract. The extract (60 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the nociceptive behavior in the second phase of the formalin test and prevented the paw oedema induced by carrageenan up to 6 h after carrageenan injection. The extract (0.1–1 μg/mL) inhibited neutrophils migration induced by LPS from E. coli in vitro. This antichemostatic effect was comparable to the effect of indomethacin. Acute administration (2000 mg/kg, p.o.) of C. xanthocarpa SCCO2 extract caused no mice mortality, demonstrating that the extract is devoid of acute toxicity. These data suggest that C. xanthocarpa seeds present anti-inflammatory activity and represent a source of anti-inflammatory compounds.
The

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2

Relative Perturbation Analysis of Satellite Formation under the Requirement of Relative Position Maintenance with Millimeter-Level Accuracy
Authors: Wang Jingji , Liu Chunyang
Published: February 2021

With high-precision DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and GMTI (Ground Moving Target Indicator) as the demand background, the influence of

J

2

zonal harmonic term perturbation on the relative motion of the millimeter-level short-range leader-follower satellites in near-circular orbit is studied through the relative perturbation method. An equation of motion that can describe the motion of the leader-follower satellites under the influence of

J

2

perturbation in near-circular orbit is derived, and the characteristics of the trajectory of in-plane periodic motion are analyzed. A study shows that under the influence of the relative perturbation of the

J

2

term, the in-plane periodic motion of the leader-follower satellites in near-circular orbit is a symmetrical closed “drop-shaped” trajectory with a period of

2
π
/
n

. By comparing with the results of numerical simulations, the correctness of the conclusions obtained in this paper is verified. According to the research results, it can be known that only using a thruster as the actuator to maintain the relative position can no longer meet the requirements of the long-term mm-level relative position maintenance. In the future, a new technical approach needs to be explored to achieve the long-term relative position maintenance with millimeter-level control accuracy.
Existence and Stability for a Nonlinear Coupledp-Laplacian System of Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Basha Merfat , Dai Binxiang , Al-Sadi Wadhah
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we study the nonlinear coupled system of equations with fractional integral boundary conditions involving the Caputo fractional derivative of ordersθ1 and θ2and Riemann–Liouville derivative of ordersϱ1 and ϱ2with thep-Laplacian operator, wheren−1<θ1,θ2,ϱ1,ϱ2≤n, andn≥3. With the help of two Green’s functionsGϱ1w,ℑ,Gϱ2w,ℑ, the considered coupled system is changed to an integral system. Since topological degree theory is more applicable in nonlinear dynamical problems, the existence and uniqueness of the suggested coupled system are treated using this technique, and we find appropriate conditions for positive solutions to the proposed problem. Moreover, necessary conditions are highlighted for the Hyer–Ulam stability of the solution for the specified fractional differential problems. To confirm the theoretical analysis, we provide an example at the end.
Interval Estimation of Random Coefficient Integer-Valued Autoregressive Model Based on Mean Empirical Likelihood Method
Authors: Xu Xianghong , Wang Dehui , Zhao Zhiwen
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we study the use of the mean empirical likelihood (MEL) method in a first-order random coefficient integer-valued autoregressive model. The MEL ratio statistic is established, its limiting properties are discussed, and the confidence regions for the parameter of interest are derived. Furthermore, a simulation study is presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Finally, a real data analysis of dengue fever is performed.
The Risk Priority Number Evaluation of FMEA Analysis Based on Random Uncertainty and Fuzzy Uncertainty
Authors: Wu Xiaojun , Wu Jing
Published: February 2021

The risk priority number (RPN) calculation method is one of the critical subjects of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) research. Recently, RPN research under a fuzzy uncertainty environment has become a hot topic. Accordingly, increasing studies have ignored the important impact of the random sampling uncertainty in the FMEA assessment. In this study, a fuzzy beta‐binomial RPN evaluation method is proposed by integrating fuzzy theory, Bayesian statistical inference, and the beta‐binomial distribution. This model can effectively realize real‐time, dynamic, and long‐term evaluation of RPN under the condition of continuous knowledge accumulation. The major contribution of the proposed model is to use the random uncertainty and fuzzy uncertainty in an integrated model and provide a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to solve the complex integrated model. The study presented a case study, which presented how to apply this model in practice and indicated the significant influence on the measurement error caused by ignoring the random uncertainty caused by expert evaluation in RPN calculations.
The Novel Rational Spectral Collocation Method for a Singularly Perturbed Reaction-Diffusion Problem with Nonsmooth Data
Authors: Yang Lufeng
Published: February 2021

A singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion problem with a discontinuous source term is considered. A novel rational spectral collocation combined with a singularity-separated method for this problem is presented. The solution is expressed as

u
=
w
+
v

, where

w

is the solution of corresponding auxiliary boundary value problem and

v

is a singular correction with direct expressions. The rational spectral collocation method combined with a sinh transformation is applied to solve the weakened singularly boundary value problem. According to the asymptotic analysis, the sinh transformation parameters can be determined by the width and position of the boundary layers. The parameters in the singular correction can be determined by the boundary conditions of the original problem. Numerical experiment supports theoretical results and shows that compared with previous research results, the novel method has the advantages of a high computational accuracy in singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion problems with nonsmooth data.
Microbes on the Mobile Phones of Healthcare Workers in Palestine: Identification, Characterization, and Comparison
Authors: Qadi Mohammad , Khayyat Rasha , AlHajhamad Mohammed A. , Naji Yazan I. , Maraqa Beesan , Abuzaitoun Kais , Mousa Ahmed , Daqqa Maysa
Published: February 2021

Background. Healthcare workers (HCWs) may be using their mobile phones (MPs) to carry microbes that cause hospital-acquired and community infections in general. With antibiotic resistance problem emergence, these infections can be challenging to eradicate. Hence, this study aimed to determine the microbial contamination of HCW MPs and identify and classify bacterial isolates in Palestine. Methods. This was a 7-month comparative cross-sectional analysis of 200 HCW MPs from 2 hospitals and 100 MPs from university students (non-HCWs). Data collection was done using a self-administrated questionnaire, and a swab sample from both HCW and non-HCW MPs was obtained and transferred to An-Najah National University (NNU) microbiology lab for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility. Data were analyzed using Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS) version 22.0. Result. Among HCWs, the microbial contamination was 87.5%. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; 67.3%), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA; 17.5%), Gram-positive bacilli (4.1%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; 1.6%), and Gram-negative species (1.6%) were the most predominant bacterial isolates. More than half of staphylococci isolates were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin. Male gender, using a mobile phone in the bathroom, and entry to the operating theatre were associated with mobile phone contamination and increased resistance against specific antibiotics. Among non-HCWs, the contamination was 86%. The most predominant bacterial isolates were CoNS, MSSA, and Gram-positive bacilli, with a contamination of 66.8%, 28.5%, and 2.6%, respectively. No MRSA or Gram-negative species were detected in this group. Antibiotic resistance percentage of staphylococci was nearly half of that yielded in the HCW group against each antibiotic. Conclusion. Significant numbers of bacteria have been isolated from HCW MPs. Working in a hospital environment frequently raises the probability of presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on a MP. Therefore, infection control teams should discuss methods to prevent the transmission of drug-resistant pathogens from HCW MPs.