bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processes governing the VIS/NIR spectral reflectance behavior of lunar swirls
Authors: Hess M. , Wöhler C. , Bhatt M. , Berezhnoy A. A. , Grumpe A. , Wohlfarth K. , Bhardwaj A. , Shevchenko V. V.
Published: May 2020

We investigated six bright swirls associated with magnetic anomalies of variable strength using Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) hyperspectral image data. We examined the 3μm absorption band generally ascribed to solar wind-induced OH/H2O and spectral trends in the near-infrared wavelength range at on-swirl and off-swirl locations. We found that the 3μm absorption band is weaker at on-swirl than at off-swirl locations and shows only weak variations with time-of-day. This result is consistent with magnetic anomaly shielding that reduces solar wind interaction with the surface. For a small swirl structure in Mare Moscoviense, we found the 3μm absorption band to be similar to that of its surroundings due to the absence of strong magnetic shielding. Our spectral analysis results at on-swirl and off-swirl locations suggest that the spectral trends at on-swirl and off-swirl locations cannot always be explained by reduced space-weathering alone. We propose that a combination of soil compaction possibly resulting from the interaction between the surface and cometary gas and subsequent magnetic shielding is able to explain all observed on-swirl vs. off-swirl spectral trends including the absorption band depth near 3μm. Our results suggest that an external mechanism of interaction between a comet and the uppermost regolith layer might play a significant role in lunar swirl formation.
A naked-eye triple system with a nonaccreting black hole in the inner binary
Authors: Rivinius Th. , Baade D. , Hadrava P. , Heida M. , Klement R.
Published: May 2020

Several dozen optical echelle spectra demonstrate thatHR 6819is a hierarchical triple. A classical Be star is in a wide orbit with an unconstrained period around an inner 40 d binary consisting of a B3 III star and an unseen companion in a circular orbit. The radial-velocity semi-amplitude of 61.3 km s−1of the inner star and its minimum (probable) mass of 5.0M⊙(6.3 ± 0.7M⊙) imply a mass of the unseen object of ≥4.2M⊙(≥5.0 ± 0.4M⊙), that is, a black hole (BH). The spectroscopic time series is stunningly similar to observations of LB-1. A similar triple-star architecture of LB-1 would reduce the mass of the BH in LB-1 from ∼70M⊙to a level more typical of Galactic stellar remnant BHs. The BH in HR 6819 probably is the closest known BH to the Sun, and together with LB-1, suggests a population of quiet BHs. Its embedment in a hierarchical triple structure may be of interest for models of merging double BHs or BH + neutron star binaries. Other triple stars with an outer Be star but without BH are identified; through stripping, such systems may become a source of single Be stars.
Gravity enrichment of resistant gold-bearing ores
Authors: Askarova Gulzhan , Shautenov Mels , Nogaeva Kulzhamal
Published: May 2020

The aim of the research is the selection and justification of the combined gravity method of enrichment of refractory gold-bearing raw materials and the hydro and pyrometallurgical method of processing enrichment products based on the study of the technological properties of the feedstock and enrichment products in the mineral and raw materials complex of the deposit located on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. There is a tendency to increase the imbalance between mining and also the increase in off-balance reserves of gold-bearing ores, which ultimately poses a serious problem for the development of the country’s economy. Research on the development of technology for the extraction of gold from refractory ores has been performed on three samples of the Vasilkovsky stockwork deposit. The ores are persistent in the presence of arsenic (arsenopyrite) and finely divided gold, a significant part of which is in the form associated with both sulfides (mainly arsenopyrite) and rockforming minerals.
Environmental and economic aspects of the exploitation of roads by the mining industry
Authors: Boginska Ludmila , Hasii Olena , Yurchenko Oksana , Shushkevych Viacheslav
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the development of the organizational and economic mechanism for the exploitation of roads by the mining industry. We support the statement that transport infrastructure is one of the most important components of any industry in the country’s economy, including for the functioning of the mining industry. It connects multiple areas of the industry into a single whole. The requirements that must be considered when developing territories are given. The main requirement is to ensure weight control during freight transportation. It is considered that the greening of the processes of the device and road exploitation, which are used, including in the activities of mining enterprises, should ensure and keep the principles and conditions of environmental safety.
Organizational and methodological support for Ukrainian coal enterprises marketing activity improvement
Authors: Kwilinski Aleksy , Zaloznova Yuliya , Trushkina Nataliia , Rynkevych Natalia
Published: May 2020

The tendencies of marketing policy development in some world’s mining countries in the light of global transformational changes are considered. The factors influencing the marketing activity of Ukrainian coal mining enterprises are identified. The volumes and structure of coal consumption in Ukraine are analyzed with a purpose to identify trends of demand volatility and specifics of logistics services for different consumer categories. It is substantiated the expediency of marketing networks formation as a form of partnership relations between different counterparties in the coal market. It is proposed the mechanism of realization of public-private partnership in the management of coalmining enterprises marketing activity based on syndicate form of incorporation. It is improved the methodological approach, which by use of the hierarchy analysis method allows selecting the optimal direction of enterprises organizational culture transformation based on defining 12 the most important criteria and their systematization into 4 groups. An integrated assessment of the level of organizational culture development of coal mining enterprises is made using economic and mathematical tools.
Providing resistance of protection means on the soft adjoining rocks
Authors: Nehrii Serhii , Nehrii Tetiana , Kultaev Sergey , Zolotarova Oksana
Published: May 2020

Problems of maintaining of development the roadways in conditions of the soft adjoining rocks have been considered. The engineering solution for resistance of rigid protection means by building local reinforced zones under these constructions has been suggested. Combination of protection means and reinforced zones has reduced roof rock subsidence. The operation of protection means and reinforced zones as a holistic construction has been viewed on physical and numerical models. Based on simulation results, the efficiency of deepening of protective means below the footwall, the alternative to which can be creation of the reinforced zones in the footwall rocks, has been established. Factors that have to be taken into consideration when setting parameters of a local reinforced zone under the protective means have been identified.
Control of technical state of mine hoisting installations
Authors: Ilin Serhii , Adorska Larysa , Pataraia David , Samusia Volodymyr , Ilina Svіtlana , Kholomeniuk Mykhailo
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the monitoring of the technical condition of the equipment of mine shaft lifting rigs that have been in operation for more than 50 years in rock movement zones. The analysis of the state of the profiles of the conductors of mine shafts with a long service life is performed. A solid model of barrel reinforcement and the results of calculations and distribution of stress concentration along the length of the shot are presented. The results of measuring the residual tiered wall thicknesses of the conductors and shots, as well as the residual values of the kinematic gaps in the track of the conductors between their working surfaces and the slip shoes of the vessel are presented. The results of measuring the dynamic parameters of the vessel-reinforcement systems under the conditions of active trunks are presented. The main provisions for the organization of a monitoring system for the equipment of mine shafts are developed.
Estimation of usage efficiency of freon-steam turbines in mine energy complexes
Authors: Kirsanov Mykhailo , Diakun Inna , Ruban Vitalii , Skosyriev Viktor , Zhevzhyk Oleksandr
Published: May 2020

Increase of operating efficiency of mine energy complexes is an actual scientific and technical problem. Systems that utilize energy of low-potential sources and have freon-steam turbines are suggested to be included in mine energy complexes. Principles of selection of freons as working fluids in energy systems are suggested in the paper. Usage of some thermal equations of state for defining thermal and physical properties of freons is analyzed. Equation of isentropic process for the thermal Redlich–Kwong equation of state is obtained. Calculation of energy efficiency of a system with a freon-steam turbine for selected variants of usage of working fluids is performed. A calculation method of thermodynamic parameters that are necessary for energy conversion efficiency estimation of specific freons in a system of useful utilization of energy is developed. Analysis of results indicates that usage of ozone-safe and fire-safe freons in energy utilization systems of low-potential sources with a possibility of utilization of additional waste heat, which was not used in the past, allows increasing the operating efficiency of mine energy complexes.
Gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation (γtACS) in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report
Authors: Haller Nikolas , Senner Fanny , Hasan Alkomiet , Padberg Frank , Palm Ulrich
Published: May 2020

Obsessive-convulsive disorder (OCD) has often a chronic course and refractoriness to psychopharmacology and psychotherapy is frequent. New non-invasive brain stimulation techniques could help to improve OCD symptoms. This case report presents a female OCD patient treated with gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation during 10 sessions. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale decreased from 70 to 59 points, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale decreased from 25 to 12 points. There also was an improvement in cognitive functions assessed by word fluency and n-back test. It can be hypothesised that gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation restores disturbed alpha frequency bands and has an impact on psychiatric disorders like OCD and major depressive disorder.
A ‘Speed-Dating’ Model of Wound Care? Rapid,
High-Volume Assessment of Patients With Diabetes in a Multidisciplinary Foot
Wound Clinic
Authors: Sung Jasper A. , Gurung Seema , Lam Teresa , Yusaf Shehzi , Vicaretti Mauro , Begg Lindy , Cheung N. Wah , Padmanabhan Suja , Girgis Christian M.
Published: May 2020

Background Diabetes is a major risk factor for foot ulceration and leg
amputation, but the effect of intensive glycaemic control on wound healing is
unknown. While an interdisciplinary approach has been shown to be important in
the management of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), there is no standardised definition
of such an interdisciplinary team.

Objective To investigate the role of an opportunistic, rapid-access,
inter-disciplinary model of diabetes care at a foot wound clinic.

Methods A retrospective case-control study of patients with DFUs
attending a diabetes foot wound clinic over a 6-month period. Outcomes in
patients who were seen by a rapid-access interdisciplinary team (RAIT)
consisting of an endocrinologist, diabetes educator and dietician during the
standard wound care those who were not seen by this team were compared.

Results Fifty-five patients were seen by the RAIT and 64 control patients
were not seen by this team during their attendance of a diabetes foot wound
clinic. Patients in the intervention group had non-significantly higher baseline
HbA1c and a significantly larger proportion were active cigarette smokers. Both
groups achieved comparable reduction in the total number of DFUs per patient
(p=0.971). Patients in the intervention group had a 60.1%
reduction in wound size compared to 52.4% reduction in control group
(p=0.526).

Conclusion Our study shows that the use of a rapid-access
interdisciplinary team to assess and manage patients’ diabetes in a foot
wound clinic is feasible. Patients with higher-risk diabetes foot wounds exposed
to RAIT had comparable wound healing outcomes to lower risk patients.
Rapid Assembly of Oligosaccharides by Using a Hydrophobic Tag-Assisted Liquid-Phase Method
Authors: Chu Fengting , Wei Quhao , Wang Ping , Lu Dan , Wang Siyao , Yin Hongli
Published: May 2020

A 3,5-didocosyloxybenzyl alcohol tag that was introduced at the anomeric position of the carbohydrate acceptor was applied in the assembly of a pentasaccharide. The intrinsic high solubility in nonpolar solvent and precipitation properties in polar solvent are crucial features of this tag. Thus, rapid and simple precipitation-centrifugation can be conducted throughout the synthetic route at each step to ease work-up and purification processes, and reduce the amount of solvent required. This method provides an efficient, environmental-friendly, and economical approach to synthesize complex oligosaccharides.
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: A Single-Center Experience in Greece
Authors: Kontojannis V. , Papadopoulos E. , Ydreos J. , Isaakidis D. , Gavra M.M. , Boviatsis E.J.
Published: May 2020

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is an important tool in the treatment of various forms of adult hydrocephalus, and its use is evolving over the past years, proving in many cases more effective than the more traditional ventriculoperitoneal shunts. We present the experience from our department while comparing the results and complications with the international literature.
Premaxillary Deficiency: Techniques in Augmentation and Reconstruction
Authors: Shokri Tom , Wang Weitao , Cohn Jason E. , Kadakia Sameep , Ducic Yadranko
Published: May 2020

Progressive premaxillary retrusion is a common sequela of the facial aging process. In most cases, this manifests with central maxillary recession. Central maxillary insufficiency is also commonly encountered within certain ethnic communities, or in cleft lip nasal deformity, and may represent a challenge for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon attempting correction in the setting of facial contouring, rhinoplasty, or reconstruction following oncologic resection or trauma. Aesthetically, premaxillary retrusion may be coincident with an acute nasolabial angle and ptotic nasal tip. Minor deformities may be addressed with use of either alloplastic implants, autogenous tissue, lipotransfer, or injectable filler. Larger composite defects may require reconstruction with implementation of free tissue transfer. Herein, we describe techniques that aim to augment, or reconstruct, the premaxillary region in the context of nasal deformity, osseous resorption, or composite maxillofacial defects.
Telematikinfrastruktur: Wenn Nachtschichten nicht reichen
Authors: Fiedler Martin
Published: May 2020

Die Versuchung für Klinikmanager, die Einführung von Telematikinfrastruktur und elektronischer Patientenakte (ePA) als IT-Projekt zu betrachten, ist groß. Doch die IT-Abteilungen können diesen wichtigen Kernprozess der Digitalisierung an Krankenhäusern nicht allein bewältigen.
Recent diagnostic developments at the 100 kJ-level laser facility in China
Authors: Wang Feng , Jiang Shaoen , Ding Yongkun , Liu Shenye , Yang Jiamin , Li Sanwei , Huang Tianxuan , Cao Zhurong , Yang Zhenghua , Hu Xin , Miao Wenyong , Zhang Jiyan , Wang Zhebin , Yang Guohong , Yi Rongqing , Tang Qi , Kuang Longyu , Li Zhichao , Yang Dong , Li Yulong , Peng Xiaoshi , Ren Kuan , Zhang Baohan
Published: May 2020

A 100 kJ-level laser facility has been designed to study inertial confinement fusion physics in China. This facility incorporates various diagnostic techniques, including optical, x-ray imaging, x-ray spectrum, and fusion product diagnostics, as well as general diagnostics assistance systems and central control and data acquisition systems. This paper describes recent developments in diagnostics at the facility.
Negative friction and mobilities induced by friction fluctuation
Authors: Luo Yuhui , Zeng Chunhua
Published: May 2020

We study the transport phenomena of an inertial Brownian particle in a symmetric potential with periodicity, which is driven by an external time-periodic force and an external constant bias for both cases of the deterministic dynamics and the existence of friction coefficient fluctuations. For the deterministic case, it is shown that for suitable parameters, the existence of certain appropriate friction coefficients can enhance the transport of the particle, which may be interpreted as the negative friction coefficient; additionally, there coexist absolute, differential negative, and giant positive mobilities with increasing friction coefficients in the system. We analyze physical mechanisms hinted behind these findings via basins of attraction. For the existence of friction coefficient fluctuations, it is shown that the fluctuation can enhance or weaken, even eliminate these phenomena. We present the probability distribution of the particle’s velocity to interpret these mobilities and the suitable parameters’ regimes of these phenomena. In order to further understand the physical mechanism, we also study diffusions corresponding to these mobilities and find that for the small fluctuation, the negative friction appears, and there coexists absolute negative mobility, superdiffusion, and ballistic diffusion, whereas all of them vanish for the large fluctuation. Our findings may extensively exist in materials, including different defects, strains, the number of interfacial hydrogen bonds, the arrangements of ions, or graphite concentrations, which hints at the existence of different friction coefficients.
Hyperspectral absorption of semiconductor monolayer crystals
Authors: Wen Q. , Wu Y. , Wang P. , Laleyan D. , Bayerl D. , Kioupakis E. , Mi Z. , Kira M.
Published: May 2020

Quantum many-body theory is applied to discover the design principles of broadband absorbers based on III-nitride or transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer crystals. A combination of color-chirped exciton absorption and continuum-absorption-based coupling strategies is outlined and demonstrated to enable hyperspectral absorption with several eV bandwidth. The found structures are only a few micrometers thick and dominantly support direct generation of free carriers at optimal photovoltages.
Strong optical coupling between semiconductor microdisk lasers: From whispering gallery modes to collective modes
Authors: Roiz Mikhail , Monakhov Andrey , Kunitsyna Ekaterina , Yakovlev Yury , Teissier Roland , Baranov Alexei
Published: May 2020

In the present paper, we investigate a special type of optical coupling between two electrically pumped semiconductor whispering gallery mode lasers. We fabricate microdisk lasers with a conjunction between the laser cavities, making the coupling stronger. Our experimental results combined with numerical calculations demonstrate a variety of mode families that exist in such systems. Furthermore, we confirm the generation of resonance modes that exist only under simultaneous pumping conditions. These modes are attributed to the collective mode family, which can lead to a single mode operation.
Hyper-Raman spectroscopy of polar liquids excited at 1064 nm: Acetone, acetonitrile, chloroform, and dimethyl sulfoxide
Authors: Okuno Masanari
Published: May 2020

Hyper-Raman (HR) spectra of polar liquids are reported. Acetone, acetonitrile, chloroform, and dimethyl sulfoxide in the liquid phase were measured by using a picosecond laser whose wavelength is 1064 nm and repetition rate is 200 kHz. HR spectra with a high signal to noise ratio were obtained without the surface enhancement or the electronic resonance effect. Due to the improvement of the sensitivity, many vibrational bands were first observed in HR spectroscopy. The peak frequencies, relative intensities, band assignments, including symmetry species, and depolarization ratios are examined. All IR active vibrational modes well separated were, indeed, observed in HR spectra following the selection rule, whereas HR spectra show not only similarity but also difference in relative signal intensities compared with IR spectra. This work demonstrates the possibility of HR spectra in the liquid phase and suggests further research on molecular structures by HR spectroscopy.
Extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy of stretched magnetic films on flexible substrate
Authors: Ota Shinya , Hirai Takamasa , Ochi Koki , Namazu Takahiro , Ina Toshiaki , Koyama Tomohiro , Chiba Daichi
Published: May 2020

This study investigates element-specific atomic distances and strains in ferromagnetic (FM) nano-thin films deposited on a flexible substrate, which can be modulated by stretching the substrate. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used for the experiments. Both in-plane tensile and out-of-plane compressive strains were investigated by applying %-order tensile strains to the substrate. The atomic distance changes induced by stretching the substrate were quantitatively discussed by considering the Poisson compression, crystalline orientations of the FM metals, and polarization in the EXAFS measurement. Consequently, the ratio of strain transfer from the flexible substrate to the FM layers was estimated to be about 30% and 60% in Co and Fe nano-thin films, respectively. The strain transfer in Co films with different Co or Pt underlayer thicknesses was also measured. The results are compared with the thickness dependence of the effective magnetoelastic coupling constant, which represents the magnitude of the inverse magnetostriction effect. Although the strain transfer partially contributes to the thickness dependence, the difference in the Co lattice constant is suggested to have a significant influence on the effective magnetoelastic coupling constant.
A droplet platform capable of handling dissimilar liquids and its application for separation of bacteria from blood
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Xia Huanming , Wang Wei , Foo Yuhao , Wang Zhiping , Du Hejun
Published: May 2020

For passive droplet generation, multiple parameters such as the fluid viscosities and flow rates of the continuous and discrete phases correlate to each other, raising relevant control difficulties. In the current study, a droplet platform that is capable of handling dissimilar liquids is proposed. Through combining oscillatory flow and electric charge, synchronized generation and forced coalescence of different droplets can be achieved. Its application for the separation of E. coli from blood is tested, which leads to a high capture efficiency with less sample and within a shorter time than usual.
Broadband water-based metamaterial absorber with wide angle and thermal stability
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqi , Yan Fengping , Du Xuemei , Wang Wei , Zhang Min
Published: May 2020

In order to widen the absorption band of the metamaterial absorber to expand its application field, using the electromagnetic characteristics of water in the microwave band, a water-based metamaterial absorber with a structure different from the traditional “metal layer–dielectric layer–metal layer” one is proposed. The numerical simulation results show that its absorptivity of incident electromagnetic waves exceeds 90% in the ultra-wide operating band of 7.84–74.16 GHz and the absorption bandwidth can cover five bands including the X-band, Ku-band, K-band, Ka-band, and U-band. Based on the theories of equivalent medium and impedance matching, the mechanism of broadband absorption was explored by analyzing the electromagnetic field distribution and power loss density of the absorber. The designed absorber has the absorption performance of polarization independence, and it can work under a wide incident angle. In addition, the absorber has excellent thermal stability which can still maintain stable operation when the temperature changes from 0 °C to 100 °C. This water-based metamaterial absorber is of low cost, and its manufacturing process is relatively convenient, so it has broad application prospects in the fields of radar stealth, microwave darkroom, and prevention of electromagnetic radiation.
Photon counting detector package based on InGaAs/InP avalanche structure for laser ranging applications
Authors: Prochazka Ivan , Bimbova Roberta , Kodet Jan , Blazej Josef , Eckl Johann
Published: May 2020

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) is a well established space geodetic technique measuring the satellite distance, which implements time of flight. Up to now, second harmonic Nd:YAG laser pulses have been frequently used for range measurement, since the silicon detector technology allows us to detect single photon echoes reflected from satellites with required high detection probability, millimeter precision, and an acceptable dark count rate. On the other hand, the fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) provides a significantly better overall energy budget, but there were no suitable detectors available. More recently, the use of InGaAs/InP became feasible for developing single photon avalanche diodes, which exhibit high photon detection probability and acceptable timing resolution. Both these properties are important and allow the SLR measurement at the fundamental wavelength. In this Note, we report on construction and testing of a single photon detector package based on the InGaAs/InP diode optimized for the SLR measurement.
The importance of realistic plasma filament waveforms for the study of resonant wave-filament interactions in tokamak edge plasmas
Authors: Tierens W. , Zhang W. , Manz P. ,   EUROfusion MST1 Team,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: May 2020

Recently, an analytical solution for plane wave scattering at density filaments in magnetized plasma was derived [A. K. Ram and K. Hizanidis, Phys. Plasmas 23, 022504 (2016)], from which conclusions were drawn regarding the possibility of resonant wave-filament interactions [W. Tierens et al., Phys. Plasmas 27, 010702 (2020)] between electromagnetic waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies and density filaments in tokamak edge plasmas. This analytical solution relies on several strongly simplified assumptions, such as a constant background density and a discontinuous density step at the filament surface. In this work, we numerically investigate to what extent conclusions based on this analytical solution remain qualitatively true in more realistic scenarios.
Advancing bibliometric assessment of research productivity: an analysis of US Departments of Family Medicine
Authors: Liaw Winston , Bazemore Andrew W. , Ewigman Bernard , Turin Tanvir Chowdhury , McCorry Daniel , Petterson Stephen , Dovey Susan M.
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONMeasurement of family medicine research productivity has lacked the replicable methodology needed to document progress.
AIMIn this study, we compared three methods: (1) faculty-to-publications; (2) publications-to-faculty; and (3) department-reported publications.
METHODSIn this cross-sectional analysis, publications in peer-reviewed, indexed journals for faculty in 13 US family medicine departments in 2015 were assessed. In the faculty-to-publications method, department websites to identify faculty and Web of Science to identify publications were used. For the publications-to-faculty method, PubMed’s author affiliation field were used to identify publications, which were linked to faculty members. In the department-reported method, chairs provided lists of faculty and their publications. For each method, descriptive statistics to compare faculty and publication counts were calculated.
RESULTSOverall, 750 faculty members with 1052 unique publications, using all three methods combined as the reference standard, were identified. The department-reported method revealed 878 publications (84%), compared to 616 (59%) for the faculty-to-publications method and 412 (39%) for the publication-to-faculty method. Across all departments, 32% of faculty had any publications, and the mean number of publications per faculty was 1.4 (mean of 4.4 per faculty among those who had published). Assistant Professors, Associate Professors, Professors and Chairs accounted for 92% of all publications.
DISCUSSIONOnline searches capture a fraction of publications, but also capture publications missed through self-report. The ideal methodology includes all three. Tracking publications is important for quantifying the return on our discipline’s research investment.
Lexico-Cultural Variations in Product Naming: A Note on the Names of Handcrafted Soaps
Authors: Chen Lindsey N. H.
Published: May 2020

This comparative study examines the names of handcrafted soaps, a group of natural products that has become popular among environmentally conscientious consumers in recent years. In particular, 339 names of US-based handcrafted soaps (US-HS) and 324 names of Taiwan-based shou gong fei zhou ‘lit. hand craft soap’ (TW-HS) were analyzed and compared. The findings show that plant and food names predominate in HS names and reflect the cultural and herbal preferences in both regions. In addition, colorful, allusive, and novel coinages were found to be frequent among US-HS names. By comparison, function-denoting words were mainly found among TW-HS names. This study provides insights into potential cross-cultural variations in consumer product naming.
Cultural productivism and public support for the universal basic income from a cross-national perspective
Authors: Kozák Michal
Published: May 2020

It has been hypothesized that the capacity of universal basic income (UBI) to attract wider public support is impaired by the strength of productivist cultural norms and values, common to the majority of develope societies. The paper contributes to literature on attitudes towards UBI by empirically investigating this hypothesis from a multi-level cross-national perspective, using the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 8 data on UBI support for 23 countries. It seeks to determine whether and to what extent the strength of cultural productivism can explain cross-national variation in public support for the implementation of UBI. Two main findings are reported. First, the results demonstrate that the public are less susceptible to supporting UBI in countries where average employment commitment is higher. Second, the results show that, even though employment commitment is a strong predictor of cross-national variation in the public support for UBI, the effect is surpassed and explained by GDP, which itself is negatively related to the outcome. The study argues that the capacity of UBI to appeal to the general public is limited by the prosperity of post-industrial societies, rather than by the cultural attachment of their populations to paid work.
The endothelial basement membrane acts as a checkpoint for entry of pathogenic T cells into the brain
Authors: Zhang Xueli , Wang Ying , Song Jian , Gerwien Hanna , Chuquisana Omar , Chashchina Anna , Denz Cornelia , Sorokin Lydia
Published: May 2020

The endothelial cell basement membrane (BM) is a barrier to migrating leukocytes and a rich source of signaling molecules that can influence extravasating cells. Using mice lacking the major endothelial BM components, laminin 411 or 511, in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we show here that loss of endothelial laminin 511 results in enhanced disease severity due to increased T cell infiltration and altered polarization and pathogenicity of infiltrating T cells. In vitro adhesion and migration assays reveal higher binding to laminin 511 than laminin 411 but faster migration across laminin 411. In vivo and in vitro analyses suggest that integrin α6β1- and αvβ1-mediated binding to laminin 511–high sites not only holds T cells at such sites but also limits their differentiation to pathogenic Th17 cells. This highlights the importance of the interface between the endothelial monolayer and the underlying BM for modulation of immune cell phenotype.
EURAMET supplementary comparison between INRiM and UME in Rockwell hardness scales (HRA - HRBW - HRC) - EURAMET.M.H-S1.a.b.c
Authors: Germak A , Kuzu C , Origlia C , Pelit E
Published: May 2020

This report describes a bilateral EURAMET supplementary comparison on Rockwell hardness scales of two national metrology institutes of Italy and Turkey, INRiM and UME, respectively. The pilot laboratory is INRiM in the comparison where three sets of hardness reference blocks for the Rockwell hardness scales of HRA, HRBW and HRC were used. Each set of blocks consists of four hardness reference blocks for HRA and HRBW and five blocks for HRC hardness scales. The comparison was realized as planned in the Technical Protocol with some delay. The measurement results and uncertainty assessments declared by INRiM and UME are in consistency with each other.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
In-memory computing to break the memory wall*
Authors: Huang Xiaohe , Liu Chunsen , Jiang Yu-Gang , Zhou Peng
Published: May 2020

Facing the computing demands of Internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), the cost induced by moving the data between the central processing unit (CPU) and memory is the key problem and a chip featured with flexible structural unit, ultra-low power consumption, and huge parallelism will be needed. In-memory computing, a non-von Neumann architecture fusing memory units and computing units, can eliminate the data transfer time and energy consumption while performing massive parallel computations. Prototype in-memory computing schemes modified from different memory technologies have shown orders of magnitude improvement in computing efficiency, making it be regarded as the ultimate computing paradigm. Here we review the state-of-the-art memory device technologies potential for in-memory computing, summarize their versatile applications in neural network, stochastic generation, and hybrid precision digital computing, with promising solutions for unprecedented computing tasks, and also discuss the challenges of stability and integration for general in-memory computing.
Anomalous spectral weight transfer in the nematic state of iron-selenide superconductor*
Authors: Cai C , Han T T , Wang Z G , Chen L , Wang Y D , Xin Z M , Ma M W , Li Yuan , Zhang Y
Published: May 2020

Nematic phase intertwines closely with high-T
c superconductivity in iron-based superconductors. Its mechanism, which is closely related to the pairing mechanism of superconductivity, still remains controversial. Comprehensive characterization of the electronic state reconstruction in the nematic phase is thus crucial. However, most experiments focus only on the reconstruction of band dispersions. Another important characteristic of electronic state, the spectral weight, has not been studied in details so far. Here, we studied the spectral weight transfer in the nematic phase of FeSe0.9S0.1 using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and in-situ detwinning technique. There are two elliptical electron pockets overlapping with each other orthogonally at the Brillouin zone corner. We found that, upon cooling, one electron pocket loses spectral weight and fades away, while the other electron pocket gains spectral weight and becomes pronounced. Our results show that the symmetry breaking of the electronic state is manifested by not only the anisotropic band dispersion but also the band-selective modulation of the spectral weight. Our observation completes our understanding of the nematic electronic state, and put strong constraints on the theoretical models. It further provides crucial clues to understand the gap anisotropy and orbital-selective pairing in iron-selenide superconductors.
Influence comparison of N2 and NH3 nitrogen sources on AlN films grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy*
Authors: Chen Jing-Jing , Huang Jun , Su Xu-Jun , Niu Mu-Tong , Xu Ke
Published: May 2020

A comparison of the nitrogen sources (N2 and NH3) influence on AlN films grown by high-temperature halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) is reported. The x-ray rocking curves (XRCs) indicate that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of (0002) plane for AlN films using N2 as nitrogen source is generally smaller than that using NH3. Optical microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM) results show that it is presently still more difficult to control the crack and surface morphology of AlN films with thicknesses of 5-10 μm using N2 as the nitrogen source compared to that using NH3. Compared with one-step growth, two-step growth strategy has been proved more effective in stress control and reducing the density of threading dislocations for AlN epilayers using N2 as the nitrogen source. These investigations reveal that using N2 as nitrogen source in HVPE growth of AlN is immature at present, but exhibits great potential.
Single-photon scattering controlled by an imperfect cavity*
Authors: Duan Liwei , Chen Qing-Hu
Published: May 2020

We study the single-photon transport in the coupled-resonator waveguide (CRW) controlled by an imperfect cavity. A Lorentzian spectrum is introduced to describe the dissipation. We find that the probability current conservation can be broken, although the imperfect cavity is a Hermitian system. The coupling strength between the imperfect cavity and the CRW has significant influences near the resonant frequency. With the increase of the coupling strength, the transmission coefficient becomes smaller. The spectral width plays a dominant role under the off-resonant condition, where the transmission coefficient is greatly suppressed with the increase of the spectral width. We also observe an abrupt jump of the transmission and reflection coefficients when the hopping amplitude is large enough. All the distinctive behaviors are closely related to the complex effective potential induced by the imperfect cavity.
Laser-assisted XUV double ionization of helium atoms: Intensity dependence of joint angular distributions*
Authors: Zhu Fengzheng , Li Genliang , Liu Aihua
Published: May 2020

We investigate the intensity effect of ultrashort assisting infrared laser pulse on the single-XUV-photon double ionization of helium atoms by solving full six-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation with implement of finite element discrete variable representation. The studies of joint energy distributions and joint angular distributions of the two photoelectrons reveal the competition for ionized probabilities between the photoelectrons with odd parity and photoelectrons with even parity in single-XUV-photon double ionization process in the presence of weak infrared laser field, and such a competition can be modulated by changing the intensity of the weak assisting-IR laser pulses. The emission angles of the two photoelectrons can be adjusted by changing the laser parameters as well. We depict how the assisting-IR laser field enhances and/or enables the back-to-back and side-by-side emission of photoelectrons created in double ionization process.
Scaling behavior of thermal conductivity in single-crystalline α-Fe2O3 nanowires*
Authors: Wang Qilang , Chen Yunyu , Aiyiti Adili , Zheng Minrui , Li Nianbei , Xu Xiangfan
Published: May 2020

Unveiling the thermal transport properties of various one-dimensional (1D) or quasi-1D materials like nanowires, nanotubes, and nanorods is of great importance both theoretically and experimentally. The dimension or size dependence of thermal conductivity is crucial in understanding the phonon–phonon interaction in the low-dimensional systems. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the size-dependent thermal conductivity of individual single crystalline α-Fe2O3 nanowires collaborating the suspended thermal bridge method and the focused electron-beam self-heating technique, with the sample diameter (d) ranging from 180 nm to 661 nm and length (L) changing from 4.84 μm to 20.73 μm. An empirical relationship for diameter-/length-dependent thermal conductivity is obtained, which shows an approximately linear dependence on the aspect ratio (L/(1 + Cd)) at T = 300 K, where C is a fitting parameter. This is related to the boundary scattering and diameter effect of α-Fe2O3 nanowires although rigorous calculations are needed to confirm the result.
Theoretical analysis for AlGaN avalanche photodiodes with mesa and field plate structure*
Authors: Dong Ke-Xiu , Chen Dun-Jun , Cai Qing , liu Yan-Li , Wang Yu-Jie
Published: May 2020

To suppress the electric field crowding at sidewall and improve the detection sensitivity of the AlGaN separate absorption and multiplication (SAM) avalanche photodiodes (APDs), we propose the new AlGaN APDs structure combining a large-area mesa with a field plate (FP). The simulated results show that the proposed AlGaN APDs exhibit a significant increase in avalanche gain, about two orders of magnitude, compared to their counterparts without FP structure, which is attributed to the suppression of electric field crowding at sidewall of multiplication layer and the reduction of the maximum electric field at the p-type GaN sidewall in p–n depletion region. Meanwhile, the APDs can produce an obviously enhanced photocurrent due to the increase in cross sectional area of multiplication region.
Exploring how hydrogen at gold–sulfur interface affects spin transport in single-molecule junction*
Authors: Zeng Jing , Chen Ke-Qiu , Zhou Yanhong
Published: May 2020

Very recently, experimental evidence showed that the hydrogen is retained in dithiol-terminated single-molecule junction under the widely adopted preparation conditions, which is in contrast to the accepted view [Nat. Chem.
11 351 (2019)]. However, the hydrogen is generally assumed to be lost in the previous physical models of single-molecule junctions. Whether the retention of the hydrogen at the gold—sulfur interface exerts a significant effect on the theoretical prediction of spin transport properties is an open question. Therefore, here in this paper we carry out a comparative study of spin transport in M-tetraphenylporphyrin-based (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co; M-TPP) single-molecule junction through Au–SR and Au–S(H)R bondings. The results show that the hydrogen at the gold–sulfur interface may dramatically affect the spin-filtering efficiency of M-TPP-based single-molecule junction, depending on the type of transition metal ions embedded into porphyrin ring. Moreover, we find that for the Co-TPP-based molecular junction, the hydrogen at the gold–sulfur interface has no obvious effect on transmission at the Fermi level, but it has a significant effect on the spin-dependent transmission dip induced by the quantum interference on the occupied side. Thus the fate of hydrogen should be concerned in the physical model according to the actual preparation condition, which is important for our fundamental understanding of spin transport in the single-molecule junctions. Our work also provides guidance in how to experimentally identify the nature of gold–sulfur interface in the single-molecule junction with spin-polarized transport.
Flux-to-voltage characteristic simulation of superconducting nanowire interference device*
Authors: Zhang Xing-Yu , Wang Yong-Liang , Lv Chao-Lin , You Li-Xing , Li Hao , Wang Zhen , Xie Xiao-Ming
Published: May 2020

Inspired by recent discoveries of the quasi-Josephson effect in shunted nanowire devices, we propose a superconducting nanowire interference device in this study, which is a combination of parallel ultrathin superconducting nanowires and a shunt resistor. A simple model based on the switching effect of nanowires and fluxoid quantization effect is developed to describe the behavior of the device. The current–voltage characteristic and flux-to-voltage conversion curves are simulated and discussed to verify the feasibility. Appropriate parameters of the shunt resistor and inductor are deduced for fabricating the devices.
Surface for methane combustion: O(3P) +CH4 → OH+CH3*
Authors: Peng Ya , Jiang Zhong-An , Chen Ju-Shi
Published: May 2020

Kinetic investigations including quasi-classical trajectory and canonical unified statistical theory method calculations are carried out on a potential energy surface for the hydrogen-abstraction reaction from methane by atom O(3P). The surface is constructed using a modified Shepard interpolation method. The ab initio calculations are performed at the CCSD(T) level. Taking account of the contribution of inner core electrons to electronic correlation interaction in ab initio electronic structure calculations, modified optimized aug-cc-pCVQZ basis sets are applied to the all-electrons calculations. On this potential energy surface, the triplet oxygen atom attacks methane in a near-collinear H–CH3 direction to form a saddle point with barrier height of 13.55 kcal/mol, which plays a key role in the kinetics of the title reaction. For the temperature range of 298–2500 K, our calculated thermal rate constants for the O(3P) + CH4 → OH + CH3 reaction show good agreement with relevant experimental data. This work provides detailed mechanism of this gas-phase reaction and a theoretical guidance for methane combustion.
Simulation study of high voltage GaN MISFETs with embedded PN junction*
Authors: Fei Xin-Xing , Wang Ying , Luo Xin , Yu Cheng-Hao
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we propose a new enhanced GaN MISFET with embedded pn junction, i.e., EJ-MISFET, to enhance the breakdown voltage. The embedded pn junction is used to improve the simulated device electric field distribution between gate and drain, thus achieving an enhanced breakdown voltage (BV). The proposed simulated device with L
GD = 15μm presents an excellent breakdown voltage of 2050 V, which is attributed to the improvement of the device electric field distribution between gate and drain. In addition, the ON-resistance (R
ON) of 15.37 Ω ⋅mm and Baliga’s figure of merit of 2.734 GW⋅cm−2 are achieved in the optimized EJ-MISFET. Compared with the field plate conventional GaN MISFET (FPC-MISFET) without embedded pn junction structure, the proposed simulated device increases the BV by 32.54% and the Baliga’s figure of merit is enhanced by 71.3%.
Tilt adjustment for a portable absolute atomic gravimeter*
Authors: Xie Hong-Tai , Chen Bin , Long Jin-Bao , Xue Chun , Chen Luo-Kan , Chen Shuai
Published: May 2020

For an atomic gravimeter, the measured value of the Earth’s gravity acceleration g is the projection of the local gravity on the direction of Raman laser beams. To accurately measure the g, the Raman laser beams should be parallel to the g direction. We analyze the tilt effect of the Raman beams on g measurement and present a general method for the tilt adjustment. The systematic error caused by the tilt angle is evaluated as 0 (+0, –0.8) μGal (1μGal = 10 nm/s2) and the drift is also compensated in real time. Our method is especially suitable for the portable atomic gravimeter which focuses on the mobility and field applications.