bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Denture Stomatitis Revisited: A Summary of Systematic Reviews in the Past Decade and Two Case Reports of Papillary Hyperplasia of Unusual Locations
Authors: Sartawi Samiha Yousef , Abu-Hammad Shaden , A. Salim Nesreen , Al-Omoush Salah
Published: October 2021

Objectives. Denture stomatitis is a mucosal condition associated with complete and partial removable dentures. This paper presents a short review of the literature on this topic with more emphasis on the treatment protocols of denture stomatitis as studied in recent systematic reviews. Methods. A general review of the literature was carried out in the first part of this paper, and then the most recent systematic reviews on the treatment protocols of denture stomatitis were summarized. Results. Fifteen systematic reviews were collected and classified into six main treatment protocols. Conclusions. Dentist knowledge of up-to-date treatment options of denture stomatitis will assist comprehensive treatment planning. However, the newer methods of denture disinfection need further studies before recommendation.
Study on the Effect of Combination of Prednisone and Vitamin D in the Treatment of Primary Nephrotic Syndrome in Children
Authors: Zhou Guoqun , Kong Xiangdong
Published: October 2021

Objective. To study the effect of prednisone combined with vitamin D in the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Method. 73 cases of primary nephrotic syndrome admitted to the nephrology department of our hospital were randomly selected and retrospectively analyzed. 36 cases were treated with prednisone as the control group, and 37 cases were treated with prednisone combined with vitamin D as the observation group. The efficacy was compared after 3 months of continuous treatment. Result. After 3 months of treatment, the blood calcium of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, PTH was lower than that of the control group, and 25-(OH)2D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 were higher than those of the control group (

P
<
0.05

). After 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment in the observation group, Scr and 24-h urine protein quantification were lower than those in the control group and eGFR was higher than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were lower in the observation group than in the control group after 3 months of treatment (

P
<
0.05

). The serum sTfR and TGF-β1 levels were lower in the observation group than in the control group after 3 months of treatment (

P
<
0.05

). The total effective rate of the observation group was 83.78% after 3 months of combined treatment with prednisone and vitamin D, which was significantly higher than the total effective rate of the control group of 61.11% (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of nausea and vomiting, heartburn, headache, dry cough, hypercalcemia, and constipation during treatment in the observation group was not statistically different from that in the control group (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. Combined treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome in children with prednisone and vitamin D can more significantly improve the level of clinical indicators, improve renal function and immune function, and obtain more satisfactory efficacy, without significantly affecting the safety of treatment.
A Vibrational Signal Fault Diagnosis Rule Extraction Method Based on DST‐ACI Discriminant Criterion
Authors: Zhang Yalun , He Lin , Cheng Guo
Published: October 2021

A fault diagnosis rule extraction method oriented to machine foot signal based on dynamic support threshold and association coefficient interestingness (DST‐ACI) discriminant criterion is proposed in this paper. The new method includes three main innovations. First, the feature state coding method based onK‐means clustering fully takes into account the imbalanced distribution of signal feature values due to the noise interference, and divide the signal feature values into several range intervals to generate the feature state code. Second, the frequent feature pattern mining method based on dynamic support threshold (DST) discriminant criterion can dynamically adjust support threshold according to the frequency of the feature states in each candidate pattern. Third, the fault diagnosis rule extraction method based on the association coefficient interestingness (ACI) discriminant criterion introduces a new metrics called ACI to evaluate the correlation between the pattern and the fault. Four types of fault simulation experiments were carried out, and the performance of the DST‐ACI method was tested using the collected vibration signal. The results show that compared with the coding method based on equal‐width discretization or equal‐density discretization, the accuracy of the transactional dataset generated by the feature state coding method based on K‐means clustering is higher. Compared with the frequent feature pattern mining method based on the constant support threshold criterion, the pattern mined by the DST‐based criterion has generally higher support. Compared with the existing confidence‐lift‐based and confidence‐improint‐based fault diagnosis rule extraction frameworks, the positive correlation between the feature states and the fault type of the rules extracted based on the DST‐ACI framework is generally stronger.
Structural Defects of Graphene Oxidation Reduction and Its High-Efficiency Structural Reforming Technology
Authors: An Junwei , Wen Chen , Chen Chuping , Qiu Xiaolin
Published: October 2021

The Hummers’ method is used to prepare graphene oxide and graphene powder, and the obtained powder material contains a large amount of oxygen-containing groups. Due to the effect of strong oxidants, there are many defects on the graphene body. Although a large number of oxygen-containing groups are reduced by the reduction reaction, the defects of the graphene body are numerous, which has a great influence on the conductivity of graphene and also limits the high carrier transport capability and application of graphene itself. Using industrial means, the graphene powder is highly reduced, and the ultrathin graphene powder is obtained, the graphene powder has extremely low impurity content, and the defects are substantially completely reduced. Then, these lay the foundation for its application in the battery industry.
Seasonal Changes in Climate Variables in Rainfed Crop Areas in the Lerma-Chapala-Santiago Basin, Mexico
Authors: Ordoñez-Sierra Raymundo , Gómez-Albores Miguel A. , Díaz-Delgado Carlos , Manzano-Solís Luis Ricardo , Endara-Agramont Angel Rolando , Mastachi-Loza Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2021

This paper shows the effects of changes in the spatial-temporal behavior and phase shift of climate variables on rainfed agriculture in the Lerma-Chapala-Santiago Basin in central Mexico. Specifically, changes in rainfall (R), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) were analyzed over two 25-year periods (1960 to 1985 and 1986 to 2010). Climate surfaces were generated by interpolation using the thin-plate smoothing spline algorithm in the software ANUSPLIN. Climate data were Fourier-transformed and fitted to a sinusoidal curve model, and changes in amplitude (increase) and phase were analyzed. The temporal behavior (1960–2010) indicated that rainfall was the most stable variable at the monthly level and presented no significant changes. However, Tmax increased by 2°C in the final period, and Tmin increased by 0.7°C at the end of the final period. The basin was discretized into ten rainfed crop areas (RCAs) according to the extent of changes in the amplitude and phase of the climate variables. The central and southern portions (55% of the area) presented more significant changes in amplitude, mainly in Tmin and Tmax. The remaining RCAs were smaller (14.6%) but presented greater variation: the amplitude of the Tmin decreased in addition to showing a phase shift, whereas Tmax increased in addition to showing a phase shift. These results translate into a delay in the characteristic temperatures of the spring and summer seasons, which can impact the rainfed crop cycle. Additionally, rainfall showed an annual decrease of approximately 50 mm in all RCAs, which can affect the phenological development of crops during critical stages (emergence through flowering). These changes represent a significant threat to the regional economy and food security of Mexico.
Diagnostic Performance of [18F]-Labeled PET/CT Tracers for Lymph Node/Bone Metastasis and Biochemical Recurrence Detection in Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guo YiRui , Tian Yu , Deng Yuxin , Lu ChunMei , Wang YanJuan , Yu Chunjing
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of different fluorine-18 (18F)-labeled tracers for lymph node/bone metastasis and biochemical recurrence detection in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane databases, and the WHO International Clinical Trial Center were searched. The inclusion criteria were determined based on the Preferred Report Items of the Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Guidelines. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 was used to assess the quality assessment of the included studies. The quantitative analysis of the included literature was performed on the patient and lesion basis, and the equivocal findings were considered negative or positive results, respectively. Results: Thirty-seven articles were included. On the patient basis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of [18F]-labeled tracers were 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–0.83) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.87–0.90) when equivocal results were considered to be positive and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.77–0.82) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85–0.89) when equivocal results were considered to be negative. On the lesion basis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of [18F]-labeled tracers were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.80–0.83) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.90–0.92) when equivocal lesions were regarded as positive and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.80–0.82) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.90–0.92) when equivocal lesions were considered to be negative. Conclusion: [18F]-labeled tracers have high diagnostic efficacy for lymph node/bone metastasis and biochemical recurrence in advanced PCa.
Public perception on COVID-19 vaccination intention
Authors: Zaid Zaid , Pratondo Katon
Published: October 2021

To resolve the health crisis caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the Indonesian government is trying to implement a mandatory vaccination policy for all Indonesians. It was just that the success of this policy is largely determined by acceptance preceded by the public intention to be vaccinated, in which public perception plays a major role in determining intention. This research, therefore, aimed to evaluate and examine the role of perceived risk, benefit, and susceptibility on the COVID-19 vaccination intention. By using a cross-sectional approach, this quantitative study involved 98 participating respondents who were determined by the purposive sampling method. The results of this study finally found and proven that perceived risk (coefficient β=0.290 and T-value 2.456 with p-value=0.011), perceived benefits (β= 0.394 and T-value 3.873 with p-value=0.000), and perceived susceptibility (β=0.233 and T-value 3,230 with p-value=0.001) had a positive and significant effect on the COVID-19 vaccination intention.
Assessment of health-related quality of life among patients with non-communicable diseases
Authors: Joshi Nitin Kumar , Jain Yogesh Kumar , Joshi Varsha , Kumar Niraj , Sharma Jyoti , Bhardwaj Pankaj
Published: October 2021

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a global challenge towards diminishing quality of life. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is a widely accepted measure of burden of disease for individuals with chronic conditions. Due to paucity of data in Western Rajasthan, India, this study was planned to assess the HRQoL due to NCDs in Jodhpur, India. A descriptive cross-sectional study was planned in government NCD center of Jodhpur. Convenience sampling was used to select 398 respondents and socio demographic data was collected. Short Form–36 (SF-36) questionnaire was used to measure perceived effects due to NCDs across eight domains of analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. High combined mean scores were obtained in domains of Social Functioning (77.87) and Mental Health (75.36%) and lowest scores for General Health (54.70%), Bodily Pain (60.06%) and Role Emotional (60.33%). Males recorded higher mean scores than females across all domains with high statistical significance for Bodily Pain, Vitality, Role Physical and Mental Health. Findings suggested worst and least affected domains of regular life functions due to NCDs. Greater focus on emotional distress, active inclusion of females in national health programmes and integration of NCD control program with Mental Health Program would aid to improve overall HRQoL in affected individuals.
Environmental sanitation factors as prevalence support of soil transmitted helminths
Authors: Sapada Edy , Asmalinda Wita
Published: October 2021

The prevalence of soil transmitted helminths (STH) is closely related to the defecation facilities for rural communities, such as: the habit of defecating openly on the ground, in gardens and using open latrines in rivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of environmental sanitation risk factors on the prevalence of STH infection. This study was included in an analytical epidemiological study at two locations, using a cross sectional study as the research design. The location were Sri Kembang Village, Bukit Village, which is included in Betung District, Banyuasin Regency, and South Sumatra, Indonesia for 30 days. There were 252 students as the research sample. Data analysis showed that the prevalence of T. trichiura was higher in Sri Kembang State Primary School Number 1 with mild to very severe infection degrees. The intensity of A. lumbricoides infection in Bukit State Primary School Number 1 got a higher prevalence than Sri Kembang. Open defecation, gardens or open latrines, and types of houses with dirt floors indicate environmental sanitation factors that are sufficient to support the prevalence of STH. For further research, it is recommended to examine socio-economic risk factors.
Satisfaction with life, psychological distress, and workplace bullying among construction workers
Authors: Virza Muhammad Yuzar , Erwandi Dadan , Lestari Fatma , Kadir Abdul
Published: October 2021

Construction workers are among workers who have to face a very dynamic work situation with a fixed deadline because they have to finish the work according to the target of completion as stated in the contract. The study aimed to compare Satisfaction with Life, Psychological Distress, and Workplace Bullying of the workers in two construction companies. This is a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire distributed to two groups of workers who work in two different companies with a total number of respondents of 588. Data collected were then processed using a frequency distribution table and compared using the Mann Whitney method to identify differences between the two groups. The study showed differences between the workers from the two companies in terms of negative behaviors, level of distress, and level of satisfaction with life. Workers in the Civil Engineering Contractor Company suffer more bullying and a slightly higher level of distress. The lowest level of satisfaction with life is also seen in this company when compared to that of the engineering procurement construction (EPC) contractor company. The result of study indicate that difference might link to more bullying actions and a higher level of distress in the construction civil engineering company, which trigger dissatisfaction with life among its workers. Thus, management should act promptly to eliminate negative behaviors as it will be crucial in preventing the increase in the number of bullying victims and the level of distress in the workplace will not increase.
What is factor contributing to medical student learning anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic? A systematic review
Authors: Budiman Amin Aji , Lestari Retno , Yuliatun Laily
Published: October 2021

Changes in education aspects increase the risks for mental and emotional disorders on students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aimed to discover the factors are contributing to medical students' learning anxiety during the COVID-19. A systematic review was written based on scientific article identification on three databases of Science Direct, PubMed NCBI, and EBSCO using terms of anxiety, factors, students, and COVID-19. The authors selected and analyzed using PRISMA based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies obtain from several electronic databases revealed 519 research articles and a total of 20 articles to be analyzed. The internal factor of student anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic is age, gender, and lack of knowledge. The external factor is high academic loads with online learning methods, area restrictions/lockdown, physical activities, and socio-economic status changes. Knowing the factors that affect medical student anxiety during the pandemic could prevent further mental and emotional disorders and achieve optimal health.
Linguistic validation of the Diabetic foot ulcer scale short form (DFS-SF): a methodological approach
Authors: Kaizer Uiara Aline de Oliveira , Alexandre Neusa Maria Costa , Lima Maria Helena de Melo , Rodrigues Roberta Cunha Matheus , Cornélio Marilia Estêvam , São-João Thaís Moreira
Published: October 2021

Objective: to presenting the linguistic validation of the Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale Short-Form (DFS-SF) among patients with ulcer diabetic foot (DFU) to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluate its content, practicability and acceptability.Methods and casuistry: a cross-sectional, methodological research, was conducted among 30 outpatients in follow-up for DF, assessed regarding QoL, sociodemographic and clinical data. International recommendations provided bythe Mapi Research Trust on adaptation procedures were followed: the stages of Forward translation, Backward translation and the Cognitive interview were carried out. The Content Validity Index was calculated and a pre-test were gathered to produce a pre-final version. Practicability and acceptability were also assessed. Results: the semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences between the linguistic validated and the original version were obtained.The DFS-SF was practical, well accepted and easy to understand. Conclusion: the linguistic validation process of the Brazilian version of the DFS-SF has been completed in accordance with internationally recommended standards.The instrument was easy to apply, to understand and presented short time for administration.
Liga Acadêmica interdisciplinar de Saúde MentaI: ampliando a formação e as práticas no campo da atenção psicossocial
Authors: Silva John Victor dos Santos , Santos Júnior Claudio José dos , Santos Larissa Dandara Lima dos , Barbosa Vívian Mayara da Silva , Brandão Thyara Maia , Ribeiro Mara Cristina
Published: October 2021

Fundamentos: A Liga Acadêmica Interdisciplinar de Saúde Mental (LAISME) constitui um espaço de conhecimento e reflexão crítica na área de saúde mental, visando ampliar a formação e as práticas na atenção psicossocial. Objetivo: relatar a experiência de estudantes universitários na criação, organização e realização de atividades através de uma liga de saúde mental como estratégia de ampliar o conhecimento sobre o campo da atenção psicossocial. Método: trata-se de um trabalho descritivo do tipo relato de experiência sobre uma liga de saúde mental pertencente a uma universidade pública do nordeste do Brasil, no período de 2016 a 2019. Resultado: a partir das atividades desenvolvidas, a Liga favoreceu um maior aprendizado e aproximação com os cenários e atores da saúde mental, além de viabilizar o desenvolvimento de aptidões como a produção científica, a organização de eventos e o trabalho junto à comunidade em ações de promoção da saúde. Conclusão: a experiência de integrar a LAISME proporcionou aos estudantes uma maior aproximação com o campo da atenção psicossocial, além de favorecer o desenvolvimento de habilidades na realização de eventos e trabalho em equipe. Ressalta-se, ainda, a importância de fomentar estratégias como as ligas acadêmicas enquanto forma de efetivação das vivências de ensino, pesquisa e extensão e da convivência interdisciplinar.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Croatian solid-organ transplant recipients
Authors: Mrzljak Anna , Stevanović Vladimir , Vilibić-Čavlek Tatjana , Barbić Ljubo , Mikulić Danko , Hruškar Željka , Tabain Irena , Pavičić-Šarić Jadranka , Jureković Željka
Published: October 2021

The data on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) in Croatia is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Croatian SOTRs.
From 7 September to 27 November 2020 (beginning of the second COVID-19 pandemic wave), a cross-sectional screening for COVID-19 was performed in the adult outpatient liver (LTRs; N = 280) and kidney transplant recipients (KTRs; N = 232). Serum samples were initially tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Vircell Microbiologists, Granada, Spain). All positive samples were confirmed using a virus neutralization test (VNT). Data on risk exposure and COVID-19 related symptoms were collected using a questionnaire.
The transplanted cohort’s seroprevalence detected by ELISA and VNT was 20.1% and 3.1%, respectively. Neutralizing (NT) antibodies developed in 15.6% of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG positive SOTRs. The difference in seropositivity rates between LTRs and KTRs was not statistically significant (ELISA 21.1% vs. 19.0%, P = 0.554; VNT 3.6% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.082). Overall VNT positivity rates were higher in patients who reported participation in large community events (5.9% vs. 1.0%; P = 0.027) as well as in patients who reported COVID-19 related symptoms in the past six months. In addition, symptomatic VNT positive patients showed significantly higher (P = 0.031) NT antibody titers (median 128, interquartile range (IQR) = 32-128) compared to asymptomatic patients (median 16, IQR = 16-48).
This study showed that 15.6% of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA positive Croatian SOTRs developed NT antibodies indicating protective immunity. Further studies are needed to determine the dynamic of NT antibodies and COVID-19 immunity duration in immunocompromised populations such as LTRs and KTRs.
Morphological and phylogenetic study of five species of Astrocystis and Collodiscula on bamboo
Authors: WU YOU-PENG , PI YIN-HUI , LONG SI-HAN , LIN YAN , LONG QING-DE , KANG JI-CHUAN , KANG YING-QIAN , SHEN XIANG-CHUN , WIJAYAWARDENE NALIN N. , ZHANG XU , LI QI-RUI
Published: October 2021

Five taxa that morphologically resemble Astrocystis and Collodiscula were collected on bamboo culms from Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan provinces in China. Based on morphology and molecular analyses (combined ITS, RPB2, β-tubulin and α-actin genes), these species were identified as Astrocystis cocoes (a new record to China), A. bambusicola, Collodiscula japonica and two new species (A. multiloculata and C. lancangjiangensis). Astrocystis multiloculata can be distinguished from other Astrocystis species by its superficial stromata containing many perithecia and larger ascospores (19–25 × 7–11 μm). Collodiscula lancangjiangensis has larger ascospores (26–36.5 × 5–7.5 μm) than those of the most similar species C. fangjingshanensis (19–25.5 × 4.5–6 μm). It also has larger, 3-septate ascospores than C. japonica (1-septate, 19–26 × 4.5–5.5 μm).
Five new species of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer (Araneae: Pholcidae) from South Korea
Authors: LEE JUN-GI , LEE JUN-HO , CHOI DOO-YOUNG , PARK SUN-JAE , KIM A-YOUNG , KIM SAM-KYU
Published: October 2021

Although the high level of species diversity within the Pholcus phungiformes-group (Araneae: Pholcidae) in the Korean Peninsula has been recognized recently, taxonomic studies, including new species discovery, have not been conducted in western regions of South Korea. In this study, five additional species belonging to the Pholcus phungiformes-group discovered from Seoul and surrounding areas are described as new, viz., Pholcus seoulensis Lee & Lee, sp. nov. Pholcus suraksanensis Lee & Lee, sp. nov., Pholcus incheonensis Lee & Lee, sp. nov., Pholcus seokmodoensis Lee & Lee, sp. nov. and Pholcus chilgapsanensis Lee & Lee, sp. nov. Detailed descriptions and geographic distributions are provided with accompanying photographs.
Towards the identification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) of continental Africa: 1. Identification of the families
Authors: WATSON GILLIAN W. , OUVRARD DAVID
Published: October 2021

Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) are obligate plant parasites feeding on plant sap; some are damaging pests in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Despite their economic importance, the scale insects found in continental Africa have not been extensively studied and the keys for identifying them are incomplete and scattered through the literature in several languages. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the African scale insect fauna. As a first step towards their identification, we provide a key to the 23 families currently known from continental Africa, based on slide-mounted adult females, covering Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Halimococcidae, Kermesidae, Kerriidae, Kuwaniidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Margarodidae, Matsucoccidae, Micrococcidae, Monophlebidae, Ortheziidae, Phoenicococcidae, Pseudococcidae, Putoidae, Rhizoecidae and Stictococcidae.
The Perils of Regridding: Examples using a Global Precipitation Dataset
Authors: Rajulapati Chandra Rupa , Papalexiou Simon Michael , Clark Martyn P. , Pomeroy John W.
Published: October 2021

Gridded precipitation datasets are used in many applications such as the analysis of climate variability/change and hydrological modelling. Regridding precipitation datasets is common for model coupling (e.g., coupling atmospheric and hydrological models) or comparing different models and datasets. However, regridding can considerably alter precipitation statistics. In this global analysis, the effects of regridding a precipitation dataset are emphasized using three regridding methods (first order conservative, bilinear, and distance weighted averaging). The differences between the original and regridded dataset are substantial and greatest at high quantiles. Differences of 46 mm and 0.13 mm are noted in high (0.95) and low (0.05) quantiles respectively. The impacts of regridding vary spatially for land and oceanic regions; there are substantial differences at high quantiles in tropical land regions, and at low quantiles in polar regions. These impacts are approximately the same for different regridding methods. The differences increase with the size of the grid at higher quantiles and vice versa for low quantiles. As the grid resolution increases, the difference between original and regridded data declines, yet the shift size dominates for high quantiles for which the differences are higher. Whilst regridding is often necessary to use gridded precipitation datasets, it should be used with great caution for fine resolutions (e.g., daily and sub-daily), as it can severely alter the statistical properties of precipitation, specifically at high and low quantiles.
Identification of ferroptosis-associated genes exhibiting altered expression in response to cardiopulmonary bypass during corrective surgery for pediatric tetralogy of fallot
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Zhang Bingyong , Chen Shaofeng , Zhang Yun , Ye Xin , Wei Yi , Zhong Guihong , Zhang Liangqing
Published: October 2021

Background

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is a life-threatening congenital cardiovascular disorder. Currently, the most effective therapeutic intervention for pediatric ToF remains corrective surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, driven by an accumulation of lipid peroxides to levels sufficient to trigger cell death. Ferroptosis was recently linked to cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, few studies have examined CPB-associated ferroptosis.

Method

In the current study, pediatric ToF patient pre- and post-CPB atrial biopsy gene expression profiles were downloaded from a public database, and 117 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and weighted gene correlation network analysis. These were screened for ferroptosis-associated genes using the FerrDb database, thereby identifying ten genes. Finally, the construction of gene-microRNA (miRNA) and gene-transcription factor (TF) networks, in conjunction with gene ontology and biological pathway enrichment analysis, were used to inform hypotheses regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying CPB-associated ferroptosis.

Results

Ten genes involved in CPB-associated ferroptosis(ATF3,TNFAIP3，CDKN1A, ZFP36, JUN，SLC2A3, IL6, CXCL2, PTGS2, and DDIT3). Ferroptosis-associated genes were largely involved in myocardial inflammatory responses and may be regulated by a number of identified miRNAs and TFs, thereby suggesting modulatable pathways potentially involved in CPB-associated ferroptosis.

Conclusions

Results suggest that CPB precipitates ferroptosis within cardiac tissue during corrective Surgery for Pediatric Tetralogy of Fallot. These findings may ultimately help improve outcomes of corrective surgery for pediatric ToF.
Political Subjectivation, Generation, and Postmemory: Understanding the Activists of the 2011 Chilean Student Movement
Authors: Ortiz Ruiz Nicolás
Published: October 2021

Analysis of the life stories of three activists involved in the 2011 student mobilization in Chile reveals a particular articulation of the painful memories of their parents, who had been political radicals before or during the Pinochet dictatorship, that allowed them to build a perspective on their own struggle and develop effective narratives that fueled their activism. The research sheds light on the nature of postmemory and political subjectivation in transitional societies.

El análisis de las historias de vida de tres activistas involucrados en la movilización estudiantil de 2011 en Chile revela una particular articulación de los dolorosos recuerdos de sus padres, quienes fueran radicales políticos antes o durante la dictadura de Pinochet. Esto les permitió construir una perspectiva sobre su propia lucha y desarrollar narrativas efectivas para alimentar su activismo. La investigación se enfoca en la naturaleza de la posmemoria y la subjetivación política en las sociedades en transición.
Counterhegemonic Mobilization and the Popularity of Backlash in Jujuy, Argentina
Authors: Pérez Marcos Emilio
Published: October 2021

The dismantling of the Tupac Amaru Neighborhood Organization in Jujuy, Argentina, a major provider of jobs and services, generated limited resistance even among people who had benefited from it. Exploration of the role of counterhegemonic challenges in this process through ethnographic fieldwork, interviews with activists and scholars, newspaper archives, and social movement materials shows that the organization purposefully increased the visibility of stigmatized segments of Jujuy society, defying official narratives about the province. This strategy allowed the organization to recruit members and raise its national profile but also engendered the unified opposition of local elites, which used their control of strategic assets to turn public opinion against activists, portraying them as violent, corrupt, and above all foreign.

El desmantelamiento de la Organización vecinal Túpac Amaru en Jujuy, Argentina, un importante proveedor de empleos y servicios, generó una resistencia limitada incluso entre las personas que se habían beneficiado de ella. Una exploración de trabajo de campo etnográfico en torno al papel que jugaron los desafíos contrahegemónicos en este proceso, así como entrevistas con activistas y académicos, y consulta de materiales hemerotécnicos y de movimientos sociales muestra que la organización aumentó deliberadamente la visibilidad de segmentos estigmatizados de la sociedad jujeña, desafiando las narrativas oficiales sobre la provincia. Esta estrategia permitió a la organización reclutar miembros y elevar su perfil nacional, pero también engendró la oposición unificada de las élites locales, que utilizaron su control de activos estratégicos para volver a la opinión pública en contra de los activistas, presentándolos como violentos, corruptos y, sobre todo, foráneos.
Reputational Damage in Radiation Disasters 10 years after the Accident at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
Authors: Sekiya Naoya
Published: October 2021

This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ten years have passed since the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, and radioactive substances contained in agricultural products and marine products are now below detectable levels. Amidst this, the testing stance is changing from one that guarantees safety to one that guarantees relief, and testing is being reduced for financial reasons. Moreover, the sense of resistance and concern towards food products produced in Fukushima Prefecture is reducing. Anxiety has been reducing along with the development of the inspection system, the inspection results, and the passage of time. However, although there have been fewer requests, demands, and claims to avoid products from Fukushima Prefecture since immediately after the accident, there is a tendency for consumer trends to be forcefully ‘surmised'. As a result, the problem of reputational damage, such as the fact that the market ranking of rice and beef has not recovered, remains an issue.
Adapting the influences of publishers to perform news event detection
Authors: Chen Chun Chieh , Wang Hei-Chia
Published: October 2021

Online news outlets have the power to influence public policy issues. To understand the opinions of the people, many government departments check online news outlets to manually detect events that interest people. This process is time-consuming. To promptly respond to public expectations, this research proposes a framework for detecting news events that may interest government departments. This article proposes a method for finding event trigger words used to represent an event. The news media can be a critical participant in ‘agenda-setting’, which means that more widely discussed news is more attractive and critical than news that is less discussed. However, few studies have considered the influence of news media publishers from the ‘agenda setting’ perspective. Therefore, this study proposes an ‘agenda setting’-based filter to establish a high-impact news event detection model. The proposed framework identifies trigger words and utilises word embedding to find news event–related words. After that, an event detection model is designed to determine the events that are attractive to government departments. The experimental results show that purity increases from 0.666 when no extraction method is used to 0.809 when the extraction method in this study is used. The overall improvement trend shows significant improvement in event detection performance.
Parental Stress Provoked by Short-Term School Closures During the Second COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: May Isabelle , Awad Sarah , May Matthias S. , Ziegler Albert
Published: October 2021

Governments of numerous countries implemented school closures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Several investigations have shown the negative impact of social-distancing policies and school closures on children worldwide. Recently, research also demonstrated adverse effects on adults’ well-being. The development of children is strongly affected by their parent’s emotional state. The present study aimed to examine parental stress levels caused by a short period of homeschooling in December 2020 in Germany. A structured survey was set up and distributed randomly via social media and parent associations. We observed a significant increase in stress and concerns. Family conflicts significantly increased, social isolation was feared, and powerlessness and helplessness ascended. Risk factors were parental education levels, parental working time, and teaching features like the frequency of feedback, correction, and accessibility.
Internalizing Symptoms in Children Being Reared by Grandparents in Rural Appalachia: Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Keller Peggy S. , Bi Shuang , Schoenberg Nancy
Published: October 2021

The present study investigates factors associated with anxiety, depression, and stress in children being reared by their grandparents in rural Appalachia. Grandparent-headed households, in which grandparents have primary responsibility for care of children, are increasing in number. However, research is needed on child risk for internalizing symptoms in this context. Participants included 35 children aged 5–18 years and one of their custodial grandparents. Interviewers read questionnaires to grandparents and children assessing family functioning and child mental health and participants indicated their answers. Mean scores for child internalizing symptoms and stress were on the higher end of the scale of measurement. Lower grandparent positive parenting, grandparent not having formal custody of children, greater grandparent mental health issues, lower grandparent education, and lower financial status were correlated with greater child anxiety, depression, and stress. Results also indicated that correlates of children’s internalizing symptoms differed based on child sex and age.
Novel Surgical Technique in Active Bone Conduction: Minimally Invasive Approach to Fully Implantable Osseointegrated Implant
Authors: Hwa Tiffany Peng , Locketz Garrett , Ruckenstein Michael J.
Published: October 2021

We report our experience using a novel minimally invasive surgical technique for implantation of a fully implantable active bone conduction implant. This was a retrospective review of 16 adults, including 10 women and 6 men. The mean age was 54 years. Hearing loss profiles included 8 with mixed hearing loss, 5 with conductive hearing loss, and 3 with single‐sided deafness. Nine patients underwent placement through the standard approach and 7 with the minimally invasive approach. There were no postoperative complications at a mean follow‐up of 6.5 months (SD, 4; range, 1.5‐12), and all patients received audiologic benefit with objective improvement in sound‐field thresholds upon activation. Mean operative time was shorter with the minimally invasive approach (64 vs 41 minutes, P =. 01). The fully implantable bone‐anchored auditory implant can be effectively placed via a minimally invasive incision, with potential benefits of decreased operative time, low risk for intra‐ and postoperative complications, and rapid healing.
Rare primary hepatic carcinosarcoma composed of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and sarcoma: a case report
Authors: Liang Ze , Han Jingzhao , Tuo Hongfang , Wang Zepu , Peng Yanhui
Published: October 2021

Primary hepatic carcinosarcoma (HCS) is an extremely rare malignant tumor of the liver that contains carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. The diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCS pose great challenges to clinicians. Herein, we present a case of HCS in a 67-year-old man with unique pathological manifestation. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed a malignant lesion in the right liver and a small sub-focus in the left liver. Radical treatment was performed, including excision of the right posterior lobe of the liver, thrombectomy of the right posterior portal vein, and radiofrequency ablation of lesions in the left liver. The specimens were confirmed to be HCS by pathological examinations, which revealed a combination of poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, moderately differentiated cholangiocellular carcinoma, and spindle cell sarcoma. Transhepatic arterial chemotherapy and embolization was performed after surgery. Unfortunately, pulmonary metastasis occurred 1.5 months later, which meant a poor prognosis. In this report, we discuss the clinicopathological characteristics of this case and factors that affected surgical outcomes, which may add some ideas for the future diagnosis and treatment of HCS patients.
Lung ultrasound and the role of lung aeration score in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Curry Stefanie , Tan Aileen , Gargani Luna , Ng Oriana , Roscoe Andrew , Salaunkey Kiran , Agrawal Bobby , Vuylsteke Alain , Fowles Jo-anne , Rubino Antonio
Published: October 2021

Objective:

This was a pilot study to determine the utility of daily lung ultrasound (LUS) in patients requiring veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Design:

This was a prospective, observational study.

Setting:

The study took place in the intensive care unit at Royal Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, UK.

Participants:

We recruited adult patients receiving VV-ECMO for ARDS.

Interventions:

All patients received a lung computed tomography (CT) scan and LUS on admission. Bedside chest radiography (CXR) and LUS were done on a daily basis until patients were decannulated.

Measurements and main results:

Daily LUS aeration scores were calculated according to the appearance of four defined patterns. An independent radiologist calculated corresponding scores for CT and CXR, retrospectively. These were checked for correlation with LUS aeration scores. There were statistically significant correlations between LUS versus CT ( r = 0.868, p = 0.002) and LUS versus CXR ( r = 0.498, p = 0.018) with good agreement and no evidence of proportional bias. LUS was able to detect 13.5% of pleural effusions and 54.2% of pneumothorax that were not picked up on CXR. In most of the patients who were weaned off VV-ECMO, a progressive reduction of LUS aeration scores corresponding to lung re-aeration was observed.

Conclusions:

LUS correlated with findings on CT and CXR for quantifying lung aeration and the clinical presentation of patients. LUS also picked up more pleural effusions and pneumothorax than CXR. Together with traditional imaging techniques, the routine use of LUS should be considered for this patient group.
Nationalizing the “refugee crisis”: A comparative analysis exploring how elite newspapers in four countries framed forced migration during World Refugee Day
Authors: Tirosh Noam , Bien-Aime Steve , Sreenivasan Akshaya , Lichtenstein Dennis
Published: October 2021

This comparative study examines framing of migration-related stories (focused on media coverage of World Refugee Day [WRD]) between four countries, and framing developments over 18 years, specifically if (and how) the 2015 peak “refugee crisis” altered news coverage of refugee issues. Elite newspapers, the New York Times (USA), the Times of India, Sueddeutsche Zeitung (Germany) and Haaretz (Israel) were content analyzed. Newspapers gave only sparse attention to WRD itself, but WRD was a “temporal opportunity” to discuss migration that increased coverage. But the 2015 peak refugee crisis had little effect on coverage over the long run.
When marginalized subjects map their city: Counter-mapping experiments with drug users in some German and French neighborhoods
Authors: Germes Mélina , Klaus Luise
Published: October 2021

This article aims to contribute to the social science discussion on urban policies and the integration (or exclusion) of the perspectives of marginalized groups by asking the question: If there were to be exhaustive urban planning relating to drug issues, what role should drug users play in the planning process? Our answer involves the use of a set of two complementary qualitative cartographic methods which allow us to focus on the inclusion of the voices of marginalized groups. This article is based on methodological experimentation in different French and German cities without aiming at a comparison. The article exposes and discusses firstly an individual interview method called ‘Emotional Mapping’, and secondly a participatory mapping workshop called ‘Ideal City Mapping’. The output of this project has been a web of visual and textual documents, in the form of reports, papers, articles and events such as a travelling exhibition, with the aim of engaging in public discussions with various key players.
Transforming the hospital-style nursing home to a centre for living
Authors: Levitt Dan
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 has put a spotlight on the senior living sector. Transformational change is needed to address the challenges of an institutional model of long-term care. This article makes recommendations applying the Systems Transformation domain of the LEADS leadership capabilities framework to change the way older persons experience the ageing journey by creating a small home model of living. A literature review reinforces the spotlight on the capital investment needed to reinvent the nursing home into a centre for living.
Book review: Rana Foroohar (2019). Don’t Be Evil: A Case Against Big Tech
Authors: Khare Arayan
Published: October 2021

Rana Foroohar (2019). Don’t Be Evil: A Case Against Big Tech. Penguin Books Ltd, xxi+ 337 pp., £14.99 (Paperback).
Spike Glycoprotein Is Central to Coronavirus Pathogenesis-Parallel Between m-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Saadi Fareeha , Pal Debnath , Sarma Jayasri Das
Published: October 2021

Background:

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded, polyadenylated, enveloped RNA of positive polarity with a unique potential to alter host tropism. This has been exceptionally demonstrated by the emergence of deadly virus outbreaks of the past: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) in 2012.

The 2019 outbreak by the new cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has put the world on alert. CoV infection is triggered by receptor recognition, membrane fusion, and successive viral entry mediated by the surface Spike (S) glycoprotein. S protein is one of the major antigenic determinants and the target for neutralizing antibodies. It is a valuable target in antiviral therapies because of its central role in cell-cell fusion, viral antigen spread, and host immune responses leading to immunopathogenesis. The receptor-binding domain of S protein has received greater attention as it initiates host attachment and contains major antigenic determinants. However, investigating the therapeutic potential of fusion peptide as a part of the fusion core complex assembled by the heptad repeats 1 and 2 (HR1 and HR2) is also warranted. Along with receptor attachment and entry, fusion mechanisms should also be explored for designing inhibitors as a therapeutic intervention.

Key message:

In this article, we review the S protein function and its role in mediating membrane fusion, spread, tropism, and its associated pathogenesis with notable therapeutic strategies focusing on results obtained from studies on a murine β-Coronavirus (m-CoV) and its associated disease process.