bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Around the Regions: The East Midlands
Authors: Horobin Charlotte
Published: January 2023

Being the home to some of the UK’s leading manufacturing giants means the East Midlands region has the highest proportion of people working in the sector nationally
Would You R&D Credit It?
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: January 2023

Manufacturers are reaping the rewards offered by R&D relief credits. For those who aren’t doing so, now is the time to take advantage
Automated Sustainability
Authors: Bigg Torill , Yeardley Aaron
Published: January 2023

There is more than one way to approach reducing greenhouse gas emissions in manufacturing – and automation is playing a key role
Get Smart
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

Fang Qing from TCL Electronics’ R&D center provides an insight into the testing work involved in developing the world’s first Mini LED smart screen built on OD Zero technology
Inside the Factory
Authors: Creasey Daniel
Published: January 2023

Daniel Creasey from Panasonic Toughbook takes a behind-the-scenes look at the company’s testing procedures at its manufacturing facility in Japan
24 Sound Barriers Human Perceptionis
Authors: Craig Tara , Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

Human perception is playing an increasingly important role in audio testing as manufacturers aim to develop acoustic solutions that provide the ultimate in in-situ sound quality
Practical Approach
Authors: Hayes Steve
Published: January 2023

How to get your wearable technology a step ahead with regulatory and industry approval testing
Certified
Authors: Krauss Paul
Published: January 2023

In this new series experts give advice on certification best practice. In this opening feature SGS offers tips on working with North America’s network of safety testing labs.
Taking Charge
Authors: Ciuba Pawel
Published: January 2023

The ongoing global shortage in microchips and other components is putting a strain on battery makers. UL explains how testing and certification can help manufacturers take control of the situation.
Top of the Range
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

Whirlpool’s Top Load Washer with 2 in 1 Removable Agitator is setting new standards in the appliance sector for ease and functionality. The product’s lead engineering manager reveals more about the R&D work that went into developing the award-winning solution
Strong and Smart
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

Miele reveals how it’s engineering team has improved the performance and usability of the Scout RX robotic vacuum cleaner while keeping a compact form factor, enabling it to clean even in the hardest to reach places
Pixel Perfect
Authors: Warner Shaina
Published: January 2023

Measuring and correcting pixels during production ensures the visual quality of OLED, miniLED, and microLED displays
Over-the-Air
Authors: Hayes Steve
Published: January 2023

What is OTA testing and why is it increasingly important for 5G devices? Element investigates
Laboratory Evaluation of CO2 Flooding: A Strategic Technology for Sustainable Development of Oil Companies
Authors: Kang Hao , Gao Jian , Hui Gang
Published: January 2023

With the development of humankind, energy demand and climate change have both faced with serious situations now. In order to find new technologies for solving these problems, long core displacement experiment concerning CO2 flooding is conducted with 11 different core samples from N formation in M oilfield. Results show that oil production rate will be greatly improved and the oil recovery can reach nearly 25% by the CO2 huff and puff process using 3 rounds which is much higher than the real recovery factor in M oilfield. Considering the enhanced oil recovery and carbon storage effects generated by this technique at the same time, CO2 flooding is definitely a promising technique with great potential both for sustainable development of oil companies and humankind. For large scale field application, it is suggested that oil companies and governments should provide corresponding support policy concerning further study of this technology. Particularly, further studies should focus on the application of CO2 flooding with other EOR technologies, optimal CO2 injection mode, optimal CO2 injection rate, optimal CO2 injection pressure and so on.
Production of Nanocarbon from Local Raw Materials
Authors: Khilola Kholmirzaeva , Ibodullayevich Fayzullayev Normurot , Uktamovich Normurodov Otajon , Shoyimovich Haydarov Gayrat
Published: January 2023

This research aims at extraction of nanocarbon from local raw materials through a detailed study of its characteristics. The research involves study of thermal properties of fruit kernels (apricots) and walnut kernels, determining the optimal modes of the carbonization process for each type of raw material, developing a method for the synthesis of spherical granules by liquid granulation and determining the optimum concentration of the sulfuric acid solution used in granulation. Analysis of the results on the dynamic sorption of petroleum products showed that maximum sorption is achieved when using a sorbent obtained at 400∘C for 30 minutes. Temperature regimes have been optimized for obtaining sorbent from walnut shells with different carbon content. The hydrophobicity and oleophilic of their surface are common to all these materials. The dynamic conditions of the adsorption capacity processes under the sorbents were studied. Sorption efficiency and the specific capacity of sorbents were determined. It has been shown that the technological cycle of the studied sorbents can be repeated by repeated purification. When activated charcoal is used to purify water from petroleum products, the process of leaching with colloidal and finely dispersed mixtures – it was found that deaeration is necessary. The individual composition of the ether fraction OV-1 has a fixed liquid phase, Connected to Finuigan 4023 Automated GC/MS System mass spectrometer, It was determined by chromato-mass spectrometry in a capillary column 40 m long and 0.25 mm in internal diameter. The results of the Fure-IR spectroscopy study of samples based on the apricot peel, walnut peel, and walnut peel showed that winning symmetrical bands (2920 and 2851 cm−1) were observed in them, these bands belong to the C-H-valence oscillation belonging to the methyl and methylene groups. In the spectrum taken from a sample of apricot peel, absorption bands belonging to cellulose (1377 cm−1 and 1069 cm−1 ) were observed.

Thermogravimetric studies were performed on an STA 449C Jupiter synchronous thermal analysis instrument in the inert environment at a heating rate of 10∘ C/min in the temperature range of 25–1000∘C. Analysis of the porous structure parameters of carbon sorbents were carried out using the high-speed analyzer of gas sorption NOVA-1200e by the method of imaging nitrogen adsorption isotherms at a temperature of 77K.
The impact of ENSO-IOD on Decapterus spp. in Pangkajene Kepulauan and Barru Waters, Makassar Strait, Indonesia
Authors: BAHARUDDIN NUR ABRIANTI ISLAMIAH , ZAINUDDIN MUKTI , NAJAMUDDIN NAJAMUDDIN
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Baharuddin NAI, Zainuddin M, Najamuddin. 2022. The impact of ENSO-IOD on Decapterus spp. in Pangkajene Kepulauan and Barru Waters, Makassar Strait, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5613-5622. ENSO and IOD are climate variability that affects water conditions seasonally and inter-annually, including Makassar Strait, Indonesia. Research on the effect of ENSO and IOD variations on water fertility in Makassar Strait requires updating every year. This study aimed to analyze the impact of ENSO and IOD on the variability of oceanography (SST and SSC) and dynamics of the Scad (Decapterus spp.) production in Makassar Strait. This study used Niño3.4 Index and Dipole Mode Index data from NOAA, while SST and SSC data were obtained from the Aqua-MODIS satellite imagery from January 2015 to December 2019. For the study, data were processed using SeaDAS, ArcGIS, and RStudio software. The results indicated that the Niño3.4 Index for SST and SSC was strong, and the Dipole Mode Index for SST and SSC was low. The time-series graph showed that the El Niño event was strong, and the IOD+ was quite strong in 2015-2016, affecting the negative SST anomaly and the positive SSC anomaly. Cross-correlation analysis of the effect of the Niño3.4 Index with the SST anomaly of -0.62 and the low SSC anomaly of 0.18. The result of IOD on the SST anomaly was quite strong at -0.51, and the SSC anomaly was low at 0.07. Strong El Niño and IOD+ events were found to highly affect SST and SSC as well as influence the variation or fluctuation of Scad catch production, especially from 2015 to 2016 in the study area of Makassar Strait, Indonesia.
Short Communication: Genetic similarity analysis of in vitro cultivated pineapple (Ananas comosus) from Sipahutar, North Sumatra, Indonesia using ISSR markers
Authors: HARAHAP FAUZIYAH , NUSYIRWAN NUSYIRWAN , AFIVA ANNISA , PRASETYA EKO , SURIANI CICIK , HASIBUAN RIFA FADHILLAH MUNIFAH , POERWANTO ROEDHY
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Harahap F, Nusyirwan N, Afiva A, Prasetya E, Suriani C, Hasibuan RFM, Poerwanto R. 2022. Short Communication: Genetic similarity analysis of in vitro cultivated pineapple (Ananas comosus) from Sipahutar, North Sumatra, Indonesia using ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 23: 5623-5628. Sipahutar pineapple from North Sumatra, Indonesia, is considered difficult to breed, resulting in a lack of seed availability. However, tissue culture allows the emergence of somaclonal variations, especially in plantlets undergoing several subculture stages. This study aimed to identify somaclonal variations in Sipahutar pineapple seedlings generated from in vitro culture using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Fifteen accessions were used in this study consisting of Sipahutar pineapple grown in its original environment, a laboratory environment, acclimatized, and in vitro cultured. Total of 10 primers, of which seven primers detected polymorphisms among the population. This study resulted in a low genetic similarity among the Sipahutar pineapple population. The genetic diversity of Sipahutar pineapple plants propagated by in vitro culture had a similarity level of 75%-94%, showing somaclonal variations in vitro culture. The genetic similarity of pineapple accessions was divided into two main clusters, namely cluster A consisted of 11 accessions and cluster B consisted of 4 accessions. Cluster separation does not correlate to the source of plant materials studied.
Short Communication: The use of lactose-astaxanthin to maintain the quality of green junglefowl frozen semen
Authors: Bebas Wayan , Agustina Kadek Karang
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Bebas W, Agustina KK. 2022. Short Communication: The use of lactose-astaxanthin to maintain the quality of green junglefowl frozen semen.Biodiversitas 23: 5759-5764. The Green Junglefowl is Indonesian germplasm that is at risk of population decline. Therefore, efforts are needed to protect its existence and survival. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa in the form of frozen semen is required to preserve this germplasm. This research aims to determine the effect of lactose-astaxanthin in preventing DNA fragmentation and intact plasma membrane of Green Junglefowl spermatozoa during the freezing process. A completely randomized design with a 2x4 factorial pattern, including two treatment groups and four dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) concentration factors, was used. The treatment groups are T1 and T2, consisting of egg yolk phosphate diluent and egg yolk phosphate diluent added with a combination of 0.6% lactose-0.004% astaxanthin, respectively. The four DMSO concentration factors were 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% respectively. Subsequently, each treatment was repeated four times. The DNA fragmentation and intact plasma membrane of spermatozoa were observed, and the data obtained afterward were analyzed for variance, followed by the Ducan test. The results showed that the addition of 0.6% lactose-0.004% astaxanthin with 6% DMSO had a significantly better effect (P<0.05) on the quality of post-thawing spermatozoa with 19.75±0.96% DNA fragmentation and 53.75±3.86% intact plasma membranes. Therefore, it is recommended that a combination of 0.6% lactose-0.004% astaxanthin at 6% DMSO concentration should be added to Green Junglefowl semen during the freezing process to prevent DNA fragmentation and intact plasma membranes.
Differences in bacterial composition between vascular epiphyte and parasitic plants living on the same host plants
Authors: KHOA DO HOANG DANG , LUQMAN ARIF , VU MINH THIET , NGUYEN HOANG DANH , PUTRO YOHANES KARTJITO , ROFIQA ELSALISA AINUR , SANTOSO HERI , KRISTANTI ALFINDA NOVI , HARIYANTO SUCIPTO , BUI LE MINH , MANUHARA YOSEPHINE SRI WULAN , WIBOWO ANJAR TRI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Do HDK, Luqman A, Vu MT, Nguyen HD, Putro YK, Rofiqa EA, Santoso H, Kristanti AN, Hariyanto S, Bui LM, Manuhara YSW, Wibowo AT. 2022. Differences in bacterial composition between vascular epiphyte and parasitic plants living on the same host plants. Biodiversitas 23: 5798-5805. Epiphytic and parasitic plants can grow and complete their life cycle while attached to the host. Therefore, the interactions between these plants and their host provide profound evidence for co-evolution. During these symbiotic interactions, bacteria are actively exchanged between parasitic and epiphytic plants with their hosts. Since epiphytes and parasitic plants have different ways of life, they might assemble their bacterial community differently despite living in the same host. However, direct microbiome comparisons between epiphytic and parasitic plants colonizing the same host have never been evaluated. In this study, we examined the bacterial compositions of the epiphytic Hoya sp. and parasitic Dendrophthoe sp. that grow in two host species, frangipani (Plumeria sp.) and teak (Tectona grandis). The results revealed that bacterial compositions in the root of Hoya sp. are highly similar to the peripheral tissue of the host stem. In contrast, bacterial composition in the haustoria of Dendrophthoe sp. is quite distinct from the host. These results revealed that epiphytes and parasitic plants acquire and assemble their microbiome differently, despite living in the same host species. These differences might originate from different nutrient acquisition strategies between the two plants.
The diversity and susceptibility against antibiotics of Salmonella spp. clinical isolates from Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: KURNIATI ENI , RETNANINGRUM ENDAH , WIJAYANTI NASTITI , WIBAWA TRI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Kurniati E, Retnaningrum E, Wijayanti N, Wibawa T. 2022. The diversity and susceptibility against antibiotics of Salmonella spp. clinical isolates from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5806-5813. Salmonella spp. are bacteria that causes enteric fever. Salmonella infection is a serious burden in both developed and developing countries, including Indonesia. Because of infrastructure limitation, Salmonella spp. infection treatment mostly based on clinical observation without proper identification of the causative bacteria. Although the clinical manifestation of the diseases is difficult to distinguished, it is believed that Salmonella spp. diversity is high in the community. This work aims to analyze the diversity of Salmonella spp. and their susceptibility against antibiotics. The Salmonella spp clinical isolates obtained from three clinical laboratories were subjected to cultivation, phenotypic characterization, and further biochemical and molecular characterization. Biochemical properties of strains were analyzed, whereas protein profiles were analyzed using the SDS-PAGE method. The molecular characterization was carried out by sequencing of 16S rRNA encoded gene. Numeric-phenetic clustering analysis of the 18 Salmonella spp clinical isolates showed that, they were allocated to two large clusters, namely Cluster I and Cluster II. Reconstruction of the phylogeny tree of the 18 clinical isolates and the reference strains showed that all of them belonged to one clade, namely the Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica. However, it was recognized also six sub-clades. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella spp. revealed that practically all antibiotics (80%) had a high proportion of susceptibility, except for cefazoline, gentamicin, and amikacin, which have zero susceptibility. Numeric-phenetic clustering analysis combined with phylogeny tree reconstruction showed the diversity of Salmonella spp. circulating in Yogyakarta with alarming signal of certain antibiotic resistance.
Isolation and molecular identification of halotolerant diazotrophic bacteria from The Northern Coastal of Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: PURWANTO PURWANTO , OKTAVIANI EKA , LEANA NI WAYAN ANIK
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Purwanto, Oktaviani E, Leana NWA. 2022. Isolation and molecular identification of halotolerant diazotrophic bacteria from The Northern Coastal of Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5814-5821. Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria can fix nitrogen, a very important macronutrient for plant growth. However, the application of urea as a source of this macronutrient has a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, developing biofertilizers using N-fixing bacteria is an environmentally friendly technology. Therefore, this research aimed to isolate and analyze the diversity of N2-fixing bacteria from saline rice fields. The soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere of rice plants in Nyamplung Sari Village, Petarukan District, Pemalang Regency. Meanwhile, 9 (nine) isolates of nitrogen-fixing bacteria have been isolated, which can fix N2. The isolates can bind to N2, but only a few can produce IAA. The nitrogen-fixing ability of diazotrophic bacteria ranged from 17.85 ppm to 29.05 ppm. Isolate Jn3 has the highest ability to fix nitrogen, reaching 29.05 ppm, while Jn3, J, J12, J5, Kn1, and A3 can produce IAA with values of 2.00, 2.69, 2.22, 1.76, 3.47, and 1.79 ppm, respectively. Based on the 16S rRNA analysis and phylogeny construction, the isolated bacteria were identified in 3 (three) clusters. The first cluster was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter junii (Kn1 and Jn3), while the second was identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus tropicus, Bacillus altitudinis, and Bacillus subtilis (Jn, Jn1, A3, and K3 isolates). The third cluster was identified as Bacillus pumilus, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Acinetobacter schindleri (J12, J5, and J). In addition, our study reported the findings of Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter schindleri species that can fix nitrogen.
Morphological and molecular characterization of maize lines tolerance to drought stress
Authors: AMZERI ACHMAD , BADAMI KASWAN , SANTOSO SIGIT BUDI , SUKMA KELIK PW
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Amzeri A, Badami K, Santoso SB, Sukma KPW. 2022. Morphological and molecular characterization of maize lines tolerance to drought stress. Biodiversitas 23: 5844-5853. The early step in assembling varieties with early maturity, high productivity, and resistance to drought stress is to carry out morphological and molecular characterization among lines resistant to drought stress. The research aimed to characterize the morphology and molecular characteristics of maize lines resistant to drought stress to develop breeding and cultivation programs. The research used a randomized complete block design with twenty genotypes (maize lines) as treatment and three replicates. A total of 57 morphological characters and seven RAPD primers were used to assess the relationship based on morphological characters and RAPD markers. The results showed that the similarity coefficient based on the morphological characters was 0.69-0.97, while the similarity coefficient based on the RAPD marker was 0.64-0.95. The phenotypic diversity coefficient (PDC) was greater than the Genotypic Diversity Coefficient (GDC) in all observed quantitative characters. The broad sense heritability values of the tested maize lines ranged from 0.83 to 0.99. Production per hectare was significantly positively correlated with eight tested quantitative characters. G1 and G15 were the genotypes that can be used as parents to assemble hybrid maize varieties, while G10, G11, G16, and G17 could be used as maize for cultivation programs.
Species diversity, abundance, and movement of small mammals in the dry evergreen forest at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
Authors: Chanachai Yuwaluk , Nathalang Anuttara , Duengkae Prateep , Sukmasuang Ronglarp
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Chanachai Y, Nathalang A, Duengkae P, Sukmasuang R. 2022. Species diversity, abundance, and movement of small mammals in the dry evergreen forest at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 5892-5901. Small mammals play an integral role in the forest ecosystem. This research was conducted on The Mo Singto Forest Dynamics Plot, Khao Yai National Park. Trapping of small mammals was carried out in June-September 2019 and from January-April 2020 based on a total of 64 Tomahawk for small mammal live traps were systematically placed in an 8×8 grid of 20 m intervals, ripe bananas and palm oil as bait was used. Trap cages were opened for 3 consecutive months per season in each study period covering a total study period of 1 year. The result showed that a total of 4015 individuals from 9 species, 9 genera, 4 families and 3 orders were captured with a sampling effort of 32,555 trap nights. The most common species were Red Spiny Rat (Maxomys surifer), followed by Northern Tree Shrew (Tupaia belangeri), Long-tailed Giant Rat (Leopoldamys sabanus), Indochinese Ground Squirrel (Menetes berdmorei), Asian House Rat (Rattus tanezumi), Indomalayan Niviventer (Niviventer fulvescens), Savile's Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota savilei), (Tamiops mcclellandii), and Short-tailed Gymnure (Hylomys suillus) respectively. Considering the number of small mammals caught, Maxomys surifer was the most abundant, accounting for 61.69% of all mammals caught. The sex ratio was found to somewhat favor females in both seasons. This study indicated that the small mammal diversity was high in the primary dry evergreen forest. These results have important implications not only for conservation but are also useful for further investigation if there is any disturbance or change in the area or any potential disasters that may occur in the future.
Musculoskeletal structure of the shoulder and arm in large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus)
Authors: Cahyadi Danang Dwi , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat , Nisa' Chairun , Supratikno Supratikno , Novelina Savitri , Setijanto Heru , Agungpriyono Srihadi
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Cahyadi DD, Nurhidayat, Nisa’ C, Supratikno, Novelina S, Setijanto H, Agungpriyono S. 2022. Musculoskeletal structure of the shoulder and arm in large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus). Biodiversitas 23: 5902-5913. The flight activity of bats is the most energy-consuming activity compared to other locomotion activities. The anatomical characteristic of its musculoskeletal system is believed to play important role in their flight ability. The present study aimed to describe the musculoskeletal morphology of the shoulder, arms, and wing of the large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus). In this study, the parameters used are observing the specific body parts of the shoulder and arm skeletons and muscles, comparing skeletons and muscles of the other species of bats and related literature. The arm and wing skeleton of the large flying fox were relatively simple, lengthened, and  flexible at the distal end of the distal most phalanx, demonstrating the flexibility of a  flying fox’s arm and wing during flight. The muscles involved in flying movement that moved the wings, either in adduction or in abduction. The muscles that play a role in the wing adduction phase of the large flying fox are musculi (mm.) pectorales, musculus (m.) serratus ventralis thoracis, m. clavodeltoideus, and m. biceps brachii caput coracoideus. Conversely, the wing abduction phase is played by several main muscles, such as m. clavotrapezius, m. acromiotrapezius, m. latissimus dorsi, m. teres major, m. acromiodeltoideus, m. spinodeltoideus, m. triceps brachii caput laterale, and m. triceps brachii caput longum. Briefly, the musculoskeletal characteristics of the shoulder and arms of the large flying fox are suggested as morphological adaptation to allow free shoulder area movement, reduce the body mass, and resist the large torsional stress in the wing.
Comparison of shallow water soft coral (Octocorallia) diversity and distribution among three islands in Makassar Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Ayub Wirabuana , Priawandiputra Windra , Litaay Magdalena , Atmowidi Tri
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Putra AW, Priawandiputra W, Litaay M, Atmowidi T. 2022. Comparison of shallow water soft coral (Octocorallia) diversity and distribution among three islands in Makassar Strait, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5951-5961. There are only a few soft coral research in Indonesia. In the last ten years, there has been only seven published research. On the other hand, there are still many areas that are still unexplored, and every unexplored location has a chance to find a new species, thus we did this research. This study aims to conduct biodiversity research in the selected areas where soft corals biodiversity papers have never been published before. The distribution of soft coral in three small islands in Makassar strait and close to Sulawesi main island is reported in this paper. We hope that there is a correlation between the soft coral community in each researched island. The research was done by using a modified visual census method with 50 meters transect in the shallow water area (approx. 5 meters in depth). The data was collected by diving, sampling, and capturing images of each species found. Identification was made by comparing morphological characteristics using the book soft coral and Sea fans by Fabricius and Alderslade and newest papers about soft coral. In total, there are 41 species belonging to 14 genera and eight families found in this research. There is not much correlation between these three islands' soft coral communities. Every island had its key species based on the characteristics of the underwater habitats. The genera Acrossota and Dendronephtya only occur in Barrang Caddi Island, while, Cladiella, Clavularia and Xenia were only found in Gusung Toraja Island, and Anthellia and Heteroxenia were only found in Pannikiang Island. The genera Litophyton, Lobophytum, Sarcophyton, and Sinularia were found in all three researched islands. The south side of every island has the highest species abundance compared to the North, West, and Eastside.
Antifungal activity of selected sea cucumber species from Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines using modified SPOTi assay
Authors: EREGUERO MARY GRACE , CORDERO MARY ANNE , DALAYAP RODELYN , TABUGO SHARON ROSE
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ereguero MG, Cordero MA, Dalayap R, Tabugo SR. 2022. Antifungal activity of selected sea cucumber species from Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines using modified SPOTi assay. Biodiversitas 23: 6049-6055. Marine organisms have become essential candidates for discovering novel compounds that can be medically and commercially important. They are believed to yield novel compounds with unique chemical structures and significant biological activities since they managed to survive a milieu of pathogenic microorganisms and essential predators. The quest against fungal infections has been challenging due to acquired resistance to commercially available drugs hence, novel sources to treat infectious diseases caused by fungi have been investigated. Sea cucumbers have been recognized in Asian countries as a rich food source. Apart from that, they have also been studied for their medicinal properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the selected sea cucumber species found in Brgy. Sugod, Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines using the modified SPOTi assay. Methanol: ethyl acetate crude extracts of Holothuria scabra, Stichopus sp., and Holothuria atra were tested for their antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicalis. A 96-well plate assay was used, and the growth of fungi was assessed visually for up to 72hrs. The concentration resulting in ‘no fungal growth’ was observed and taken as the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value. The average MIC was calculated. Results showed that sea cucumber crude extracts have MIC values of 0.0333-0.1 mg/mL. Tukey’s posthoc test confirmed that the antifungal activity of the sea cucumber extracts was comparable to the positive control Fluconazole (p>0.05). The present study revealed a potentially effective natural antifungal agent from sea cucumbers.
Microbial exploration from two different ecosystems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: RATNAWATI RATNAWATI , SUDEWI SRI , JAYA KASMAN , SALEH ABDUL RAHIM
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ratnawati, Sudewi S, Jaya K, Saleh AR. 2022. Microbial exploration from two different ecosystems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6191-6198. A supportive growing environment and the presence of microbes in the soil are considered good habitats for plant growth. Endophytic microbes live in symbiosis (mutual benefit) with their host plants, both in the stem and root tissues of plants, providing defense services in biotic and abiotic stress situations. This study was aimed to identify various microbes that exist in various agricultural cultivation ecosystems in Central Sulawesi. Microbial sampling was obtained from healthy plant tissues (endophytes) and rhizosphere in lowland rice and shallot plantation ecosystems. The sample obtained was then weighed as much as 5 g and surface sterilized for further isolation by serial dilution method to be spread on NA (Nutrient Agar) media for bacteria, and PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) for fungi. The microbes that had grown were re-isolated to obtain pure isolate culture of microbes. The results showed that 8 isolates from the rhizosphere and 4 isolates as endophytes in the ecosystem of organic rice fields were recorded. The fungal isolates from the shallot plantation “Lembah Palu” found as many as 12 isolates from rhizosphere and 4 isolates as endophytes. The results of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics on fungal isolates identified as the species of Trichoderma, Fusarium, Penicillium, Gliocladium and Aspergillus.
The importance of regulatory compliance in wildlife captive breeding: Case study from deer captive breeding in Indonesia
Authors: Subeno Subeno , Pudyatmoko Satyawan , Imron Muhammad Ali , Widi Tri Satya Mastuti
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Subeno, Pudyatmoko S, Imron MA, Widi TSM. 2022. The importance of regulatory compliance in wildlife captive breeding: Case study from deer captive breeding in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6128-6136. Indonesia has five deer species that the Indonesian government protects. Among these deer, Javan deer (Rusa timorensis) and sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) have received conservation attention through captive breeding. Despite this conservation approach being applied for these two species, a review on captive breeding implementation is still lacking. This research aimed to assess the management of captive breeding of two deer species, which will support the natural population of endangered species in Indonesia. A triangulation method is used to collect secondary data (documents), interviews, and field observations in Parengan of East Java for Javan deer and Dumai of Riau for sambar deer. Then we assessed the management aspect and the ability of captive breeding to contribute to the release program using descriptive qualitative analysis. The Pertamina RU 2 Dumai sambar deer captive breeding has been carried out since 2016. However, during four years of management, the documents required for captive management, assessed by the Nature Resources Conservation Agency (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam/BKSDA), were not fully available. Consequently, the population increment in captive breeding could not participate in the release program. The Parengan Javan deer captive breeding was built in 2014. Management documents, population and habitat management were carried out intensively. As a result of the assessment by BKSDA East Java, this captive breeding received an excellent value (A). The population development showed an increasing trend. The results of this population development are then taken 10% to be released into the wild. In 2018, 4 captive-breed Javan deer were released in their natural habitat of Tahura R. Soeryo, East Java. The implication is that captive breeding, which is managed through proper management of population, habitat, and infrastructure, can contribute to supporting the addition of wildlife populations in their natural habitats.
Isolation and identification of fungi associated with Falcataria moluccana gall-rust in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: ISTIKORINI YUNIK , CAHYANI NOFITA NUR , HANEDA NOOR FARIKHAH , SHABRINA HASYYATI , NUGROHO ADITYA , INDRIANI FITRI , SIREGAR ULFAH JUNIARTI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Istikorini Y, Cahyani NN, Haneda NF, Shabrina H, Nugroho A, Indriani F, Siregar UJ. 2022. Isolation and identification of fungi associated with Falcataria moluccana gall-rust in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6171-6179. Gall-rust disease caused by Uromycladium falcatariae is the most important disease of sengon in Indonesia. Plant pathogenic parasitism as a biological control mechanism is usually associated with fungal biocontrol agents. This study aimed to isolate and identify the fungi associated with the sengon gall rust from the Forest Management Unit of Jatirejo, Indonesian State Forest Company, Kediri. Fungi were isolated from the black or gray-green patches of gall-rust samples on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates. The fungi were identified using macroscopic and microscopic examinations. The molecular identification of fungal DNA was amplified by PCR using a specific internal transcribed spacer primer (ITS1/ITS4). The PCR products were sequenced and compared with the other related sequences in GenBank (NCBI). DNA barcode identification results showed 9 isolates containing of 8 species, namely Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. chlamydosporum, F. circinatum, F. incarnatum, F. verticillioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Pestalotiopsis palmarum. This result showed that the Fusarium was the most fungi commonly found fungi on the gall's rust teliospore surface.
Phytochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of two plant parts of Sandoricum koetjape
Authors: SAADAH SUSY , TULANDI SILVESTER MAXIMUS , ROHMAN RANDI ABDUR
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Saadah S, Tulandi SM, Rohman RA. 2022. Phytochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling of two plant parts of Sandoricum koetjape. Biodiversitas 23: 6199-6207. Sandoricum koetjape has been used in traditional Indonesian medicine for centuries. In Indonesia, the stem and leaves were used to treat helminthiasis, cough, stomachache, diarrhea, bloating, leucorrhoea, colic, and fever. To ascertain the phytochemical constituents of each plant part, and provide a sufficient basis for clinical application, so Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of stems and leaves was established. Phytochemical screening showed that stems and leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, quinone, triterpenoids, and tannin. Total phenolics in the leaves are higher than in the stem. Saponin and steroids were not detected. The GC/MS analysis indicated that the leaf extract contained more identified compounds (30) than the stem extract (28). Both S. koetjape samples contained 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol. The major compounds of the stem extract of S. koetjape are Fonenol (12.89%), 1H-Cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]benzene (12.54%), and 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol (11.70%), while the major compounds in leaf methanol extract were 14,15-didehydro-Cyclodecacyclotetradecene (23.71%), 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol (17.04%), and Solanesol (8.34%). The two main components of the variable can account for 50.92% of the total variance, according to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (PC1 is 21.19% and PC2 is 29.74%). These results indicate that the two components effectively categorize samples with distinct characteristics. The groups were divided based on the type of sample used, namely stem and leaf samples. According to the loading plot, 1H Cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]benzene and Fonenol are two components that are very effective in categorizing samples based on their type. Both metabolites are higher in the stem than in the leaf. However, the metabolites activities of S. koetjape stem and leaves extracts could be revealed by further studies using in silico and in vitro approaches.
Short Communication: Cloning, production and responses of the sMTL-13 protein (13 kDa lectin secretion) Mycobacterium tuberculosis against Interleukin 6
Authors: AGUS ROSANA , PURNAMASARI WA ODE SITI , PARURA RISA DENGEN , SILANG FERDINANDO , MASSI MUHAMMAD NASRUM
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Agus R, Purnamasari WOS, Parura RD, Silang F, Massi MN. 2022. Short Communication: Cloning, production and responses of the sMTL-13 protein (13 kDa lectin secretion) Mycobacterium tuberculosis against Interleukin 6. Biodiversitas 23: 6208-6212. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine protected effect against meningitis and disseminated Tuberculosis TB in children. However, it does not prevent primary infection and reactivation of latent pulmonary infection. Therefore, an effective vaccine is needed to prevent tuberculosis. One of the potentials is the sMTL-13 protein (13 kDa lectin secretion), which causes an increase in interleukin 6 (IL-6) as a proinflammatory cytokine and shows high titers in the serum of TB patients. This study aimed to clone, express and evaluate the sMTL-13 recombinant protein. The research steps were ligation of Rv1419 to pQE-30Xa, transformation to Escherichia coli BL-21, and production of recombinant protein with IPTG induction. Furthermore, immunoreactivity tests with the serum of TB patients and healthy serum using ELISA. The results showed that the PCR product Rv1419 showed a band of 474 bp and white colonies as a recombinant clone of pQE-30Xa-Rv1419. The production of sMTL-13 recombinant protein has been successfully carried out and produces 13 kDa protein. The results of the immunoreactivity test showed that the serum level of IL-6 in patients with active TB was 84.22 pg/mL and the serum level of IL-6 in healthy people was 63.74 pg/mL.
Polymorphism analysis of drought tolerance gene OsDREB2A in Indonesian local rice from Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: CHRISNAWATI LILI , ERNAWIATI ETI , YULIANTY YULIANTY , HARIRI MUHAMMAD RIFQI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Chrisnawati L, Ernawiati E, Yulianty, Hariri MR. 2022. Polymorphism analysis of drought tolerance gene OsDREB2A in Indonesian local rice from Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6352-6357. Drought stress is a significant threat to rice cultivation and the selection of drought-tolerant rice plants is needed to find superior plants. The OsDREB2A gene plays a role in the regulation of drought tolerance and is widely used as a marker. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the OsDREB2A gene polymorphism in the local rice variety of Lampung Lumbung Sewu Cantik, compared to the Inpago 8 drought-tolerant and the IR64 sensitive variety. DNA extraction was performed on fresh leaves using the GENEAID Genomic DNA Mini Kit, amplification by PCR was carried out with the OsDREB2A primer pair, while sequence analysis was conducted with MEGA X and confirmed using the BLAST program. The sequencing results showed that the three rice varieties had the same sequence length of 250 bp. The Lumbung Sewu Cantik variety has the same sequence as Inpago 8, while IR64 has an insertion that causes a frameshift mutation. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that the Lumbung Sewu Cantik variety was in a similar group with tolerant varieties, while IR64 was in a different group. The similarity of the OsDREB2A Lumbung Sewu Cantik sequence is presumably associated with tolerance to drought.
Evaluating the stomach content of Wild Scalloped Spiny Lobster (Panulirus homarus)
Authors: AMIN MUHAMAD , FITRIA ANIS , MUKTI AKHMAD T. , MANGUNTUNGI ANDI BASO , AMRULLAH SHAFWAN , ALIM SAHRUL , MARTIN MELISSA BEATA
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Amin M, Fitria A, Mukti AT, Manguntungi AB, Amrullah S, Alim S, Martin MB. 2022. Evaluating the stomach content of Wild Scalloped Spiny Lobster (Panulirus homarus). Biodiversitas 23: 6397-6403. The high demand for spiny lobster seeds has placed intense pressure on the lobsters’ wild stock in Indonesia. To address this issue, a hatchery was developed to produce scalloped spiny lobster larvae. However, the dietary requirements after the yolk sac has been depleted have proven to be a significant challenge. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the potential live diet of scalloped spiny lobster larvae by identifying the stomach contents of lobster larvae captured in the wild. Fifteen scalloped spiny lobsters at the post-larval stage were collected from three fishing grounds: Gerupuk Bay (Lombok Island), Tawang Bay (East Java), and Prigi Bay (East Java), Indonesia. The stomach of each scalloped spiny lobster was dissected under a dissecting microscope and its contents were observed under a binocular microscope for plankton identification and abundance. The stomach contents of scalloped spiny lobster resulted in five identified plankton species collected from Prigi Bay [Tintinnopsis sp. (37.5%), Grammatophora sp. (25%), Synedra sp. (18.8%), Phormidium sp. (4.3%), and Rhizisolenia sp. (4.3%)]; six plankton species collected from Tawang Bay [Ochromonas sp. (32.3%), Synedra sp. (20.6%), Tintinnopsis sp. (14.7%), Uronema sp. (14.7%), Coscinodiscuss sp. (2.9%), and Planktoniella sp. (2.9%)]; and six plankton species collected from Gerupuk Bay [Synedra sp. (33.3%), Chlorococcum sp. (33.0%), Phormidium sp. (13.3%), Gymnidinium sp. (6.6%), unidentified Cirripedia (3.3%), Rhizosolenia sp. (3.0%)]. Of these plankton, Synedra sp. and Rhizolenia sp. were the most common representatives in the stomach of all lobster samples. Thus, assessing these two plankton genera is highly recommended for future studies.
The antioxidant activities and chemical compounds of Aquilaria crassna, Aquilaria microcarpa, and Gyrinops versteegii leaves growing in Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: BATUBARA RIDWANTI , HANUM T. ISMANELLY , AFFANDI ODING , JULIANTI ELISA , ULFA MARIAH
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Batubara R, Hanum TI, Affandi O, Julianti E, Ulfa M. 2022. The antioxidant activities and chemical compounds of Aquilaria crassna, Aquilaria microcarpa, and Gyrinops versteegii leaves growing in Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6619-6628. Agarwood has been cultivated for its wood and leaves in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the potential of the leaves of Aquilaria crassna, A. microcarpa, and Gyrinops versteegii that grow in Langkat as raw materials for antioxidant-rich tea based on their chemical compounds and antioxidant activities. The leaf powder was extracted using ethanol. Bioactive compounds were analyzed by GC-MS, while the antioxidant activity was analyzed by the DPPH method. The results showed that A. crassna leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroid/triterpenoid dan glycosides, whereas A. microcarpa leaves contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroid/triterpenoid dan glycosides alkaloids, tannins, and triterpenoids. In comparison, G. versteegii leaves contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroid/triterpenoids, and glycosides. The IC50 values of ethanol extract of A. crassna, A. microcarpa, and G. versteegii leaves were 30.0079, 29.3263, and 31.6304 µg/mL, respectively. The highest chemical compounds of A. crassna, A. microcarpa, and G. versteegii were Cyano, -acetic acid, 1,2,3,4-Cyclopentane Petrol, and Oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one Ambrettolide The three species had high antioxidant activity; therefore they are potential sources of antioxidants.
Curcuma pulcherrima (Zingiberaceae), a new rare species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomata from eastern Thailand
Authors: SAENSOUK PIYAPORN , BOONMA THAWATPHONG , SAENSOUK SURAPON
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Saensouk P, Boonma T, Saensouk S. 2022. Curcuma pulcherrima (Zingiberaceae), a new rare species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomata from eastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 6635-6644. Curcuma pulcherrima Boonma, Saensouk & P. Saensouk sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae, belonging to Curcuma subgenus Ecomata) distributed in Ubon Ratchathani Province, the eastern part of Thailand. The morphological characteristic of this species causes it to fall into Curcuma subgenus Ecomata due to the presence of epigynous glands, lack of coma bracts, bracts fused only at the base, and production of open-form flowers. Furthermore, this species is similar to Curcuma pierreana Gagnep., due to its similar color flowers with a pink tinge, but lighter (vs. C. pierreana maroon tip), and similar to Curcuma siamensis Saensouk & Boonma due to its characteristics of the anther and spurs. Nevertheless, after careful morphological examination and comparison of all allied species in the Curcuma genus, especially in subgenus Ecomata, it was found that this plant did not match any existing species. Therefore, we describe it here as a new species to science with the name of Curcuma pulcherrima, according to this species's very beautiful inflorescences and flowers. In contrast, its morphological characteristics description, illustrations, vernacular name, ecology, phenology, distribution, utilization, conservation status, map of distribution, and comparison table of the new species and its ally species, including a revised key to the species of Curcuma subgenus Ecomata are provided.
Characteristics and activity of chitosan from mud crab shells on acne bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Luthfiyana Novi , Bija‬ ‪Stephanie , Anwar‬ ‪Effionora , Laksmitawati‬ ‪Dian Ratih , Rosalinda Gita Lia
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Luthfiyana N, Bija S, Anwar E, Laksmitawati DE, Risalinda GL. 2022. Characteristics and activity of chitosan from mud crab shells on acne bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Biodiversitas 23: 6645-6651. Chitosan is a product of chitin deacetylation, which has the potential to act as acne bacteria. The study aimed to determine the characteristics and activity of chitosan from mud crab shells on acne bacteria, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047, Staphylococcus epidermidis FNCC 0048 and Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827. The research used a descriptive method for analyzing the quality of chitosan and antibacterial activity using analysis of variants at a 95% confidence interval with one factor, while the addition of chitosan as much as 0.25%; 0.5%; 0.75%; and 1% with three replications. The results showed that the value of deacetylation degree (DD) was 76%. The morphology of chitosan shows irregular, wavy, porous shapes and contains several elements: C, O, Ca, and Al. The antibacterial activity of chitosan at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% showed an inhibition zone of S. aureus (9.5±0.71 mm, 10±0 mm, 11±0 mm, 13.5±0.71 mm), S. epidermidis (9±0 mm, 10±0 mm, 11±0 mm, 12.5±0.71 mm), and P. acnes (28.5±0.7 mm, 28.5±0.7 mm, 31±5.56 mm, 34.5±6.36 mm). The concentration of 1% gives the effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of acne bacteria. This study concludes that chitosan from mud crab shells could be the potential as an anti-acne.