bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transforming Armed Policing in the US: Contributions From Unarmed Civilian Protection Models
Authors: McCarthy Eli
Published: January 2024

This chapter focuses on transforming armed policing by drawing on the work of unarmed civilian protection (UCP). Presently, there is a group of countries with mostly unarmed police. In the US, a significant movement driven by Black Lives Matter is challenging the traditional policing model. The author will first describe these signs of the times regarding policing. Second, the author will assess pivotal insights and practices that UCP might offer to armed policing models. There may also be aspects that UCP can learn from armed policing models. This assessment will include drawing on an emerging just peace ethical framework. Third, the author will identify some potential next steps in the community and policy spheres with attention to the US context. Oriented by a sense of urgency, such steps will be strategically described as a part of a phased approach to better ensure sustainability of a deep systemic transformation.
Protecting Former Perpetrators? Expanding the Concept of UCP/A Through an Exploration of Violence in the Reintegration of Ex-Combatants in Colombia
Authors: López Beatriz Arias , Guevara Berit Bliesemann de , Ospina Laura Jiménez
Published: January 2024

This chapter addresses the underexplored physical protection of ex-combatants in the process of reintegration into civilian society. The authors study the example of Colombia where, despite official safety guarantees, more than 300 former FARC guerrillas have been assassinated since the signing of a peace agreement in late 2016. The lack of ex-guerrillas’ protection has heightened the risk of rearmament for self-protection and accentuated societal stigmatization. The authors explore the approaches and dilemmas of ex-combatants’ protection provided by actors ranging from state and regional agencies, to international and national protective accompaniment organizations, and to local communities. On this basis, they develop three arguments regarding the limits of current thinking and practices of UCP/A: the narrow conception of actor categories; siloed conceptualizations of protection; and the wider negative effects of the lack of protective accompaniment for former perpetrators on transformations from war to positive peace. They argue that protectively accompanying peace signatories, especially when done in collaboration with existing community initiatives, would enable safer space for the implementation of other parts of the peace agreement.
Review of the Literature
Authors: Gray Paul , Jump Deborah , Smithson Hannah
Published: January 2024

Chapter 2 starts by looking at the causes and consequences of serious youth violence (SYV), before moving on to outline and critique the political response to SYV in England and Wales. This is followed by a section on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) that summarizes the body of research that has followed the original ACEs study by Felitti et al (1998). It analyses the academic literature around the nature and prevalence of ACEs among justice-involved young people, and the wide-ranging impact that such experiences can have on a young person. This leads on to a discussion of the physical and psychological impact of ACEs, and the need for a trauma-informed approach when working with justice-involved young people who have experienced adversity. The final section in this chapter engages with the debates around young people’s rights to participation, and discusses the benefits and challenges of implementing meaningful participation in a youth justice context.
Introduction
Authors: Berenguer Elizabeth , Jewel Lucy , McMurtry-Chubb Teri A.
Published: January 2024

This section outlines the book’s primary objective, which is to give students and practitioners new tools to make legal arguments, challenge existing precedent, and advocate for transformative social justice. It also introduces the book’s major foundational concepts including critical race theory, critical rhetoric, and comparative rhetoric. The section also delineates frameworks for practicing legal rhetoric in a way that challenges White supremacy, patriarchy, imperialism, economic exploitation, and other forms of injustice.
Interrupting the Canon
Authors: Berenguer Elizabeth , Jewel Lucy , McMurtry-Chubb Teri A.
Published: January 2024

There are numerous cases one could study to identify successful interruptions in the history of American jurisprudence. In fact, any groundbreaking case that has drastically changed a legal standard is ripe for study. This chapter examines two petitioner briefs filed in the Supreme Court of the United States: Gideon v. Wainwright and Loving v. Virginia. In analyzing these briefs, the reader will be invited to identify the various styles of interruptions described in Chapter 2. Reading the full decisions rendered in these cases would be helpful context for the lessons in this chapter, and they are available online.
Knowledge Production, Access and Governance: A Song from the South
Authors: Hoppers Catherine A. Odora
Published: January 2024

As a people, we know that no community is complete without the other. No society is complete in itself. The ‘other’ opens us, enlarges us. Without the otherness of the other, the self is incomplete and even vulnerable. What is true of society is true of knowledge. No knowledge is complete in itself. No knowledge is complete without the dreams of the other. Hospitality, reciprocity, generosity, plurality – without these, no ‘commons’ of knowledge is possible (Visvanathan 2016). First, we need an ‘Education’ that is enlarged beyond the Western practice of schools and subjects, and that is deepened to fill the empty spaces in our inclusive imaginary, which should be occupied with diverse knowledges from all parts of the world (UNESCO, 2000). Second, a context must be created in which the democratic imagination and conversation is constructed between knowledge systems. A new approach to decision-making is needed that seeks to integrate questions of global ethics, learning and plurality and is underpinned by lived ethics, not compliance-driven ethics. The framework of governance as we know it fetishizes information over knowledge as an ecology. This must change. Third, knowledge systems need to learn from and validate one another. Indigenous ways of living/knowing open the crucial distinction between ‘frugal subsistence’ and ‘poverty’ (Gupta, 1999). Education should produce leaders who must look beyond the ‘classroom’ and its world of objects, categories and restrictive logic to foster a wider understanding of science, history, technologies and cultural sciences as practised by other knowledge systems. A new sustainable platform for dialogue between knowledge systems should emerge in which the present subordinate cultures can find words to articulate their values and knowledge in public without duress (Odora Hoppers, 2018).
Learning With the Past: Racism, Education and Reparative Futures
Authors: Sriprakash Arathi , Nally David , Myers Kevin , Ramos-Pinto Pedro
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the importance of historical thinking for futures-oriented policy in education. It proposes that a concept of ‘reparative futures’ can be a generative basis for knowledge and learning, not only in formal educational institutions, but in community organizations, workplaces and in all sites of cultural exchange. The idea of reparative futures signals a commitment to identify and recognize the injustices visited on, and experienced by, individuals and communities in the past. It understands that these past injustices, even when they appear to be distant in time or ‘over’, will continue to endure in people’s lives in material and affective ways unless, and until, they are consciously and carefully addressed. Although there are certainly different languages and forms of reparative address, the chapter suggests that critical practices of historical thinking can offer a vital starting point for critiquing and reformulating the interrelations of past, present and future.
Conclusion
Authors: Hutchinson Yvette , Ochoa Artemio Arturo Cortez , Paulson Julia , Tikly Leon
Published: January 2024

This concluding chapter reflects on the value of connecting discussions around sustainable futures and decolonization. Drawing together the three parts of the book, and considering the journey from seminar series to publication, the chapter explores fruitful avenues, challenges and paths worthy of future research and dialogue.
Breaking the Silos: Science Communication for Everyone
Authors: Pino Amparo Leyman
Published: January 2024

It has been over a decade since science centres raised concerns about the need to address the changes in the population demographics of the United States. These changes are also a growing reality in other regions of the Global North such that in the United Kingdom the 2021 Census data show that a number of major Cities are now ‘minority-majority’ populations – meaning there is no longer a White majority (UK-ONS, 2023) . So-called ‘minorities’ in societies that are mainly White now represent large proportions of the population, accounting for nearly 20 per cent of the population of the United States, for example, and in many US states the percentage is even greater. In the State of California, for example, the Latin American diaspora represents nearly 40 per cent of the population (US Census Bureau, 2019). Science centres wish to remain relevant in their societies and to be considered the go-to places for informal science learning. With the growing shift in racial demographics in the Global North, these institutions are increasingly questioning their relevance and seeking to be more inclusive, aiming to engage diverse racial groups in a more effective way. Often their solution is to create and customise programmes and exhibits catering specifically to these groups. Even though this may seem like a great idea, in the long run, this has created silos instead of engendering a sense of community, a celebration of societal diversity, and an opportunity for diverse groups to learn from one another. In addition, a critical goal of inclusion in science centres and museums should be that of providing learning environments where all people, regardless of their situation or attributes, are welcomed and able to play, learn, and engage. It is time to adopt an inclusive approach in the design of informal science learning experiences, inside and beyond the walls of these science centres. We need to challenge ourselves and the field and think of ways to offer a science communication agenda for all. This chapter presents some good practice strategies and transformational case studies on how to break these silos and thus foster inclusive science learning and communication experiences across the race, gender, language, and socio-economic divides in societies in the Global North.
Harnessing Indigenous Knowledge Systems for Socially Inclusive Science Communication: Working towards a ‘Science for Us, with Us’ Approach to Science Communication in the Global South
Authors: Sobane Konosoang , Lunga Wilfred , Setlhabane Lebogang
Published: January 2024

Recent trends in science communication have demonstrated that many scientific and social innovations that have the potential to empower society and facilitate social transformation can only achieve their aims through inclusive engagement methodologies and approaches. In the Global South, scientists and science communicators are increasingly acknowledging the significance of socially inclusive methodologies and approaches that will enhance participation in knowledge creation, knowledge brokering, and science communication systems. Their transformative efforts are however hampered by the reality that most of the epistemologies and science communication insights are Eurocentric and fall short of being contextualised to the Global South. In particular, there is a persistence of the oversimplified deficit model in which public audiences are treated as lacking relevant knowledge or experience and as not scientifically literate or interested in research. These approaches therefore miss out on the opportunity to harness the wealth of Indigenous knowledge systems that already exist in the Global South and the in-depth contextualised understandings that these knowledge systems offer. This chapter further argues that the adoption and privileging of Eurocentric models in the Global South is itself another exemplar of the deficit model in practice and calls for evidence-based advocacy to advance socially inclusive approaches to science communication that will enhance access to contextually relevant epistemologies. Drawing from practical examples of science communication across diverse regions of the Global South, the chapter further provides insights into how Eurocentric approaches to science communication in these regions result in the exclusion of Indigenous knowledge systems as a knowledge base. It then reflects on specific ways in which more locally embedded Indigenous approaches can be used and the value they would add to science communication uptake and appreciation in the Global South.
Decolonising Science Communication in the Caribbean: Challenges and Transformations in Community-Based Engagement with Research on the ABCSSS Islands
Authors: Nava Tibisay Sankatsing , Francisca Roxanne-Liana , Oplaat Krista T. , Bervoets Tadzio
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores opportunities and challenges in science communication ecosystems in the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Maarten, and Sint Eustatius (the ABCSSS Islands), with a focus on nature conservation and mental health. Through a brief reflection on the geopolitical and historical context of the islands and its impact on science and science communication, it identifies the contemporary institutional frameworks and the colonial legacies that impact science communication in the islands. On these islands, science is often funded and guided by former colonial powers. These legacies shaped the exclusionary practices that have had a long-term impact on public engagement with science on the islands, in which ‘science is done to us instead of done with us’. This is directly related to who funds, designs, leads, executes, communicates, and benefits from scientific research and its results. Using case studies from nature conservation and mental health care communication, the chapter expands on the role local communities play in genuine engagement with research, results, and follow-up action. The in-depth analysis of the challenges in nature conservation and mental health care communication lays the groundwork for transformative practices for public engagement with science in the ABCSSS islands: (1) investing, supporting, and facilitating research and communication that is Caribbean-led; (2) recognising local knowledge and building long-term reciprocal collaborations; (3) reflecting on the dynamics of decision-making and implementing multivocality and co-creation in science communication; and (4) asking difficult questions and, in response, sometimes refusing research. These practices can transform research and communication practices and build a more embedded and community-based engagement with research in the ABCSSS islands. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the (im)possibilities of decolonising science communication and offers an alternative vision of community-based engagement with science in Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten.
Shen Kua’s Meng Hsi Pi T’an ( c 1095 CE): China’s First Notebook Encyclopaedia as a Science Communication Text
Authors: Duan Ruoyu , Huang Biaowen , Orthia Lindy A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyses, explores, and discusses China’s oldest notebook encyclopaedia Meng Hsi Pi T’an 梦溪笔谈 (Brush Talks from Dream Brook) written by Shen Kua during the 11th century, corresponding to the Northern Sung period of ancient China. The chapter’s main argument is that current studies of science communication, including its histories, should pay greater attention to non-Western communication practices. Most recent science communication research is Eurocentric, narrowly focused on the communication of Western science, and ignores non-Western knowledge and cultures. This is counterproductive to the aim of building global and genuinely inclusive science communication networks and is not beneficial to the field’s development. Shen’s book contains hundreds of short entries or ‘jottings’ that introduced, revealed, and criticised technologies and discussed numerous phenomena, including in knowledge domains such as mathematics, astronomy, and geology. It made science and technology topics relevant for diverse readers of Shen’s time such as artisans and farmers, not just for elite intellectuals. The text also debated the relative merits of different sources of expertise, including books, artisanal skills, and lived experience. Due to these traits and the book’s use of plain language to communicate knowledge, this chapter argues that the book has resonances with current global science communication interests as well as many differences that merit its incorporation into science communication histories. This chapter concludes by encouraging further research into other non-Western communication practices from a science communication perspective to build richer understandings of science communication histories in China and elsewhere. This could in turn enrich and meaningfully diversify science communication practice in multiple domains including museum exhibits.
Making Knowledge Visible: Artisans, Craftsmen, Printmakers, and the Knowledge Sharing Practices of 19th-Century Bengal
Authors: Kankaria Siddharth , Chakraborty Anwesha , Manna Argha
Published: January 2024

Colonial India has a rich precedent of engaging publics with knowledge through printed publications of various formats and readerships. The advent of printing in India is often regarded as a European undertaking, and the role of Indigenous artisans, craftsmen, and printmakers in enabling the printing revolution in India is often marginalised. There is an urgent need to acknowledge and include the historical contributions of such marginalised actors to reorient the study of knowledge-sharing practices towards local communities. This chapter provides a historical account of knowledge-making and sharing practices of 19th-century colonial Bengal. It begins by briefly describing the key institutions involved in these activities, the social, cultural, and political contexts of those times, and what constituted ‘knowledge’ for different groups of people at that time. It documents the rise of the printing enterprise in colonial Bengal as a knowledge-making and sharing institution, with a special emphasis on the development of Bengali-language printing, as well as the rise of the genre of publications called Battala, which was characterised by its own visual style and accessible thematic content. The chapter comments on the role of these developments in challenging the existing power structures and social hierarchies of colonial Bengal and subsequently democratising access to knowledge in those times. It also proposes some learnings for contemporary science communication practice in terms of making knowledge-making and sharing practices more inclusive, collaborative, and reflexive. The chapter concludes by making a case for centring the marginalised within the research, practice, and teaching of science communication and broadening the scope of mainstream science communication to help move towards a more diverse, decolonised, and community-centric understanding of knowledge-making and sharing practices.
Conclusion: Advancing Globally Inclusive Science Communication – Bridging the North–South Divide through Decolonisation, Equity, and Mutual Learning
Authors: Rasekoala Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

The chapters in this book have shown that science communication and public engagement practices, initiatives and research, take place in highly different contexts, scenarios and settings around the globe. Yet, much of the discourse, practice and research in the field, is still predominantly predicated in the Global North. In order to overcome these ‘skewed’ realities, we need a broader framework for science communication that will transcend the Global North-South inequality divide, and thus, both explain the challenges and opportunities in different contexts, and proffer transformative solutions globally. This concluding chapter outlines the critical role that the decolonisation of science communication can play in bridging this Global North-South divide and spur mutual learning, ‘respectful listening’ and equitable collaborative engagements across this divide. It argues that the decolonisation framework should provide answers to profound questions, such as, how do we re-calibrate the discourses, exemplars, practices and narratives that infuse this globalised science communication arena, in order to engender a level playing field for science communication in the Global South? The chapter concludes with elaborating that science communication and public engagement discourses, paradigms and platforms that enable the field to have a ‘multi-lensed’ understanding of the operations of the craft, in the diverse contexts and scenarios across the globe, are important to building inclusive, engaged, open and dynamic societies. The way forward lies in science communication adopting a transformative ‘wide-angled’ lens in order to better reflect the diverse global populations, contexts and realities, in both the Global South and the Global North regions of the world.
‘The Best Country in the World’: Race, Culture, History
Authors: Clarke John
Published: January 2024

Many of these accumulating crises were exacerbated by the pandemic. COVID-19 exposed the hollowed-out nature of the British state and was followed by failures of the favoured models of subcontracting. Although successful vaccination programmes averted some of the crisis (and partly rescued the government’s reputation), other troubles became apparent. Central among these was the concentration of risks of infection and death among racialised minorities. The visibility of such inequalities coincided dramatically with the killing of George Floyd (not least in the global resonance of the phrase “I can’t breathe”) in the midst of a series of ongoing challenges to racialised inequalities (attacks on the Windrush generation, racist policing, and more). The government attempted to deflect, delay and displace these challenges, not least into the register of ‘culture wars’. The idea of ‘culture wars’ poses important questions about the relationships between culture and politics, in which different intersections of politics, power and culture are mobilised – and contested. As I have already suggested, the (shifting) relationships between politics and culture are vital to understanding this conjuncture.
The Gentrification of Queer Activism
Authors: Burchiellaro Olimpia
Published: January 2024

The book locates promises of inclusion in a longer trajectory of neoliberal capitalist accumulation, gentrification, and the emergence of an equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) industrial complex which seeks to extract the productive value of differences in pursuit of profit. Bringing together findings emerging from participant observation and open-ended interviews with queer activists and anti-gentrification campaigners, as well ‘career queers’ working in some of the world’s most powerful corporations, the book tells an ethnographic story unfolding across disparate queer worlds in London, offering a situated account of how queerness is currently becoming incorporated into the dominant institutions of capitalist modernity, and what goes into enabling certain inclusive openings for some while closing down others. Using the tension between new openings promised by LGBTQ-friendly corporations and the closure of LGBTQ+ spaces in London as its driving force, the book suggests that neoliberal promises of inclusion engender forms of gentrification – both of queer activism and of queer spaces – that are ultimately at odds with a genuinely transformative vision for queer leftist politics. In so doing the book joins discussions in queer studies, organization studies, urban planning, anthropology and LGBTQ+ studies on the relationship between queerness, identity politics and capitalism. It tries to convince critics of capitalism that following these queer discussions is important and urgent, and attempts to give radical, queer and LGBTQ+ activists the tools to locate opportunities for resistance, co-optation and doing inclusion otherwise in the pursuit of alternative (queer) futures.
Coming Out for Business: Lesbian Tech CEOs and the CEO-ization of Queer Politics
Authors: Burchiellaro Olimpia
Published: January 2024

This chapter traces the emergence of a new brand of corporate diversity politics which, rather than requiring queer subjects to appear ‘virtually normal’ (Drucker, 2015), actually addresses them in their difference. I examine the emergence of queer difference as something that adds value not simply to the corporation but to the entrepreneurial queer self. The chapter documents fieldwork experiences at corporate LGBTQ+ networking events and, in particular, at the London chapter of the Lesbians Who Tech conference, a networking event catering to lesbian and queer women working in the world of tech. I argue that such events enshrine the neoliberal reconfiguration not only of queer labour but of queer life itself: the social, affective, inter-personal relations around which queer organizing unfolds. Ultimately, rallying queer people’s aspirations in capitalist economies, I argue that queer and lesbian tech CEOs and the corporate LGBTQ+ networking events that spawn them should be read as part of broader CEO-ization of the LGBTQ+ movement, whose interests have become increasingly aligned with those of corporations.
The Straightening Tendencies of Inclusion: The Friends of the Joiners Arms and the Normativities of Gentrification
Authors: Burchiellaro Olimpia
Published: January 2024

This chapter shifts the analytic lens from the corporate world to the social world of queer anti-gentrification activists and their struggle to resist the closure of a local gay pub as part of a redevelopment project. The chapter traces how a promise to reinclude a replacement LGBTQ+ venue on the site of the pub became such a site of contention. I draw from fieldwork conducted with the Friends of the Joiners Arms to trace the ‘straightening’ tendencies that inclusion has on queerness. Such ‘straightening tendencies’ work to bring queer desire and ways of inhabiting space and time back into line with the normative spatio-temporal logics of capital. The pub’s queerness was rendered unintelligible by the celebratory rhetoric of LGBTQ+ inclusion and the broader process of gentrification through which the pub was intended to be redeveloped. I argue that the story shows how inclusion can involve a merely instrumental recognition of difference which limits who and/or what can be(come) included according to capitalist logics. The chapter sheds light on the class politics of inclusion as well as some of the limits of doing inclusion within a broader context of gentrification.
(Mis)Representation of Same-Sex Attraction
Authors: Ellis Justin R.
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyses ongoing representational harms against same-sex attraction in general and, in particular, the continued anti-LGBTQ framing of male same-sex attraction as a threat to children. Representational harms against same-sex attraction include algorithmic intervention that censors same-sex attracted content, and surveillance and harassment of same-sex attracted peoples and organizations across jurisdictions. The recent amplification of framing that conflates same-sex attraction with ‘grooming’ through high-profile TikTok (Libs of TikTok), Instagram (@gaysagainstgroomers) and YouTube accounts, and opposition to LGBTQ-inclusive education initiatives are drawn upon to contextualize these harms. This is in addition to debate-related stress about legislative proposals such as surveys on same-sex marriage and restrictions on LGBTQ representation in education. The chapter suggests that macroeconomic approaches to identifying the intrinsic value of individuals based on their capacity might mitigate representational harms from information warfare. At the same time, this approach can perpetuate medico-legal categorizations based on stigmatized conduct rather than broader categorizations of identity.
Digiqueer Activism, Advocacy and Allyship
Authors: Ellis Justin R.
Published: January 2024

This chapter synthesizes practitioner and academic literature on LGBTQ organizing in the pracademic tradition. It analyzes the ways that advocates, activists and allies ‘queer it up’ and harness digiqueer resistance through participatory and policy advocacy against challenges to diverse LGBTQ expression. This includes new rituals of LGBTQ organizing through hashtag activism, crowdfunding advocacy, philanthropy through non-fungible tokens, and the continued commodification of LGBTQ identity through ecommerce for advocacy and allyship. The chapter considers where LGBTQ networked expression sits within the digital organizing landscape. On one level, political insecurity through the ‘hate feedback loop’ keeps LGBTQ organizers in the policy ‘trenches’ as they maintain the fight for basic relationship, expression and conduct rights that the general public might take for granted. On another level, increased recognition of LGBTQ expression through popular culture, relationship rights such as same-sex marriage, and social networks sees a related expansion of the social imagination of homosexuality as identity rather than conduct across health and welfare, religion, securitization, markets, nationalism, a sense of belonging, and other identifiers.
Introduction
Authors: Di Ronco Anna
Published: January 2024

The introduction outlines the aim of the book, the case study and theoretical approaches it draws on, and the overall book structure.
Anger, Fast and Slow: Mediations of Justice and Violence in the Age of Populism
Authors: Davies William
Published: January 2024

The rise of populist political rhetoric and mobilisation, together with a conflict-riven digital public sphere, has generated growing interest in anger as a central emotion in politics. Anger has long been recognised as a powerful driver of political action and resistance, by feminist scholars among others, while political philosophers have reflected on the relationship of anger to ethical judgement since Aristotle. This chapter seeks to differentiate between two different ideal types of anger, in order to illuminate the status of anger in contemporary populist politics and rhetoric. First, there is anger that arises in an automatic, pre-conscious fashion, as a somatic, reactive and performative way, to an extent that potentially spirals into violence. Second, there is anger that builds up over time in response to perceived injustice, potentially generating melancholia and ressentiment. Borrowing Kahneman’s dualism, the chapter refers to these as ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ anger, and deploys the distinction to understand how the two interact. In the hands of the demagogue or troll, ‘fast anger’ can be deployed to focus all energies on the present, so as to briefly annihilate the past and the ‘slow anger’ that has been deposited there. And yet only by combining the conscious reflection of memory with the embodied response of action can anger ever be meaningfully sated in politics.
‘We Will March Side by Side and Demand a Bigger Table’: Anger as Dignity Claim
Authors: Adkins Karen
Published: January 2024

Martha Nussbaum’s (2016) account of anger limits its utility in part due to its vengeful and narcissistic aspects; she notes that even when anger rightfully identifies a harm or unjust act, it too frequently represents a desire for retribution or status degradation of the offender. I think this viewpoint is incomplete, because it reduces human relations and status to a zero-sum tussle: I can only gain status if you (at least theoretically) lose it. While Nussbaum does not explore a connection between human dignity and anger, I argue that feminist political uses of anger are often premised on exactly this sort of idea. To be specific, the use of dignity that is present in feminist political anger is not of the zero-sum variety (women gain status through men’s loss of status), but as a claim of worth. Feminist political anger argues that women count too, and women deserve dignity and respect: first, as a kind of personal or bodily dignity, and second as an assertion of political identity or autonomy. It is the absence of their dignity and recognition that is the injury; their rage is an assertion of presence, a demand for dignity and recognition. This demand does not require the lessening of another’s dignity.
The Resentment–Ressentiment Complex: A Critique of Liberal Discourse
Authors: van Tuinen Sjoerd
Published: January 2024

This chapter offers a critique of a widespread political discourse that distinguishes ‘resentment’ from ‘ressentiment’, legitimating the former and dismissing the latter. This distinction not only incorporates some reactive sentiments at the cost of the depoliticisation of others, but also obscures the conditions of political action and judgement as such. Why is it necessary to constantly protect the socio-political order from the risk of moral corruption in these terms, and for whom? First, a historical distinction is made between three problems that play a key role in the evaluation of the reactive attitudes: their rationality, their authenticity, and their justness. It is then argued that the first two problems are ill-posed. These problems concern differences in degree, and are therefore always prone to the relativism of what, retrospectively, can be called ‘the resentment-ressentiment complex’. The true problem with retributive passions concerns a difference in kind, not between resentment and ressentiment, but between active affects and passive or reactive affects. This Nietzschean ‘demoralisation’ of the problem of reactive attitudes by means of a historico-systematic reorientation leads to the concluding claim that while moral sentiments and political actions are always entangled, only the latter constitute the ground of social justice.
Against Comfort: Political Implications of Evading Discomfort
Authors: Munch-Jurisic Ditte Marie
Published: January 2024

We typically think of emotional states as highly individualised and subjective. But visceral gut feelings like discomfort can be better understood as collective and public, when they reflect implicit biases that an individual has internalised. Most of us evade discomfort in favour of comfort, often unconsciously. This inclination, innocent in most cases, also has social and political consequences. Research has established that it is easier to interact with people who resemble us and that such in-group favouritism contributes to subtle forms of discrimination. If we want a more equal and unbiased society, we have a duty to expose ourselves to more discomfort. Living up to this duty requires an enhanced emotional vocabulary that captures the political dimensions of physiological affect. I argue that a better understanding of what I call interaction discomfort can mitigate subtle forms of discrimination.
Moral Economies of Exclusion: Politics of Fear through Antagonistic Anonymity
Authors: Andreasen Søren Mosgaard
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the discourse-technical means through which illiberal political logics are legitimised in constructions of xenophobic populism by a ‘prominent’ Norwegian extreme-right organisation, Human Rights Service (HRS). I argue that recent HRS publications featuring six secretly shot photos of Muslims in the Norwegian public sphere engender a moral economy of exclusion in which Muslims consistently are produced as an anonymous yet ubiquitously present threat to liberal democratic and human rights values. Within this framework, micro-humiliating performances against the ‘Muslim other’ are constituted and encouraged as a necessary, morally justified defence of democratic virtues to ensure the existence of a vulnerable majority self. I claim that the HRS circulation of constructions of faceless, yet easily recognisable, categories of designated ‘enemy others’ as a threat to the liberal democratic ethos can ultimately be understood as a hegemonic intervention to push anti-Muslim illiberalism from the fringes towards the dominant cultural outlook.
He who fights with monsters should be careful lest he thereby become a monster. And if thou gaze long into an abyss, the abyss will also gaze into thee. (Nietzsche, 1989[1886]: 157)
Conclusion
Authors: Jaramillo-Marín Jefferson , López-Lizarazo Luz Mery , Ruiz-Galvan Adriel , Bishop Matthew Louis , Díaz-Arévalo Juan Mario , Kanai Juan Miguel , Lombard Melanie , Rushton Simon , Shesterinina Anastasia , Shesterinina Anastasia , Turton Helen Louise
Published: January 2024

This final chapter interrogates the two questions that have underpinned the book’s analysis: How are communities in Colombia seizing the initiative to build peace in the wake of the historic 2016 peace agreement? And, what can participatory research contribute to these efforts, both within and beyond Colombia? The chapter presents a synthesis of the book’s central empirical, theoretical and methodological insights, placing the findings from the two empirical cases in dialogue with one another and in relation to the wider story of the Colombian peace process. The chapter outlines key reflections for peace scholars and practitioners, making the case that DST is not only a concept describing a particular form of dialogue practice, but also a normative one which provides an entry point for PAR-based research to play a meaningful role in partnering with and supporting communities within and beyond Colombia to overcome the conflict(s) that inhibit their ability to live with dignity.
Sex Work and COVID-19 in 2021
Authors: Easterbrook-Smith Gwyn , Easterbrook-Smith Gwyn
Published: January 2024

In 2021 New Zealand began to face increasing difficulties in keeping COVID-19 out of the community, and the largest city, Auckland, was kept in a state of lockdown or heightened restrictions during the latter part of the year. The impacts of this on sex workers is explored in this chapter through the lens of media texts. Key themes that emerged here were online sex work and the impact of OnlyFans’ planned ‘porn ban’; inconsistent access to economic support; workers who broke the lockdown or crossed regional boundaries to work; and changes to the precautions sex workers were required to take in their interactions with clients. The impacts of the pandemic on multiple-marginalised groups, including migrant sex workers, are examined here, as well as the impacts of banking discrimination.
Women, Children and Demographic Dividend
Authors: Shome Parthasarathi , Shome Parthasarathi
Published: January 2024

India’s female-male divide is revealed in socio-economic indicators. Women are 5 per cent below men in population size, though the female rural population is higher than men. Available studies show greater gender equality affects economic growth positively. Yet inequality prevails in education, employment, income, health, cultural and overall socio-economic environment; and foeticide, infanticide, and a perception of girls as a liability continue. Crimes against women have risen between 2015–19. Widows cannot remarry in most communities. Government has introduced legislation to improve female condition and representation in political positions at national and local levels.
Save the Children sources data on children’s condition from UNESCO, UNICEF, World Bank and WHO. Information includes under-five mortality, malnutrition causing stunting, exclusion from primary and secondary schooling, child labour in adult roles, marriage and maternity of teenage girls, displacement through conflict and death by homicide. In overall score and rank, India fared better in 2020–21 than Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan, but below China, Brazil, Indonesia and Sri Lanka.
India is projected to experience growth in the working age population of 15–64 until 2040. This is termed ‘demographic dividend’, of course if they can be productively employed. This is unlikely under prevailing conditions of the overall child population.
Ageing Less Than Gracefully
Authors: Benedict Regina White
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the book, canvassing the issue of women ageing in prison and their generative aims and actions. Against a negative picture drawn in most research of ageing and imprisonment, the chapter cues the possibilities of making meaning from behind bars. The layout of the book and the themes of its chapters are also described.
Discard, Social Order and Social Life
Authors: Gregson Nicky
Published: January 2024

This chapter unpacks the relationship between discard, discarding and waste. It shows how multiple facets of human social life are underscored by acts of discarding. Discard is but a manifestation of this. Discarding is argued to be one of the means by which people create order, both in individual lives and at the level of societies. Once this is recognized, it is clear that discard is a foundational aspect of all human life; it cannot and will not be eliminated. However, there is no inevitability about the scale of that discard and that discard will become waste which is a societal and political choice.
Consumption, Consumer Practices and Consumer Discard
Authors: Gregson Nicky
Published: January 2024

In this chapter, the emphasis is on showing how consumer discard (and acts of discarding) is baked in to many economies. The focus turns to consumption and the central role that this plays in the economies of the global North, China and a growing number of middle-income countries. For many countries, consumption is fundamental to continued economic growth, so the acquisition and replacement of goods is baked in to many economies, most notably through planned obsolescence. An inevitable consequence is the discarding of goods. The chapter illustrates manufactured and planned obsolescence and their connection to consumption as practice using a variety of consumer goods (washing machines and fridges, TVs and IT devices, and clothing fashion). It then takes a sympathetic but critical look at repair, highlighting how practice-based understandings of consumption can illuminate why repair is no automatic panacea. This is because repair marks when things fall out of social life; it is a disruptive moment that interrupts the practices on which consumer-heavy economies rely.
Prospects, Promise, and Limitations of Moral Realism
Authors: Wang Qingxin K.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the basic assumptions and arguments of Yan Xuetong’s moral realism, analyses its prospects and promises by comparing it with two mainstream Western international relations (IR) theories, neorealism and constructivism, and also critically evaluates the limitations of moral realism. The first part of the chapter provides an overview of mainstream IR theories and the potential contributions of moral realism. The second part places moral realism in the context of cross-cultural academic dialogue between moral realism and mainstream Western IR theories, with a detailed comparison between moral realism on the one hand and neorealism and constructivism on the other. The third part critically evaluates moral realism and identifies its limitations.
Introduction
Authors: Black Lindsay
Published: January 2024

The Introduction sets out the foundations of the Japanese government’s engagement with Myanmar’s democratization process from the passage of Myanmar’s constitution in May 2008 to the 1 February 2021 coup d’état that brought an end to Myanmar’s democratic transition. It places the Japan–Myanmar relationship in historical context to understand how this relationship evolved and what Japan’s contemporary commitments to and ambitions in Myanmar are. In particular, Japan’s support for Myanmar’s transition to a ‘disciplined democracy’ is based not only on its economic objectives and efforts to counter China’s influence in the country, but also an aspiration to be accepted as ‘Asia’s liberal leader’. The Introduction reviews the extant literature on Japan–Myanmar relations to situate the book’s contribution to the literature, before detailing the structure of the book.
The Evolution of New Area Studies
Authors: Black Lindsay
Published: January 2024

Chapter 1 addresses the core theoretical concerns that lie at the intersection between Area Studies and International Relations (IR). Though Area Studies began as a key component of imperialist efforts to remake the non-Western world in the image of the West and then to inform neoliberalist and neoimperialist projects during the Cold War, the field has since evolved to comprehend global politics differently from IR. By questioning how actors discursively constitute areas for specific ends, Area Studies rejects the ontological basis of IR that is grounded in a state-centric approach. A revitalized Area Studies can make important contributions to both global politics and policy-making communities, including: a focus on the grassroots; providing critical insights into complex societies and histories; an appreciation for the transmission of ideas through global networks; a concern with the impacts of globalization; the discursive construction of foreign policies; and an appreciation of area knowledge and philosophy. Collectively, these contributions encourage a re-evaluation of Japan–Myanmar relations that challenges existing accounts in the IR literature.
Meddling for Profit: Japan’s Peace-building Role in Myanmar
Authors: Black Lindsay
Published: January 2024

Chapter 5 examines the Abe administration’s attempts to act as a peacemaker in Myanmar’s multiple and persistent ethnic conflicts. Intent on countering Chinese influences in Myanmar’s border regions, the Japanese government provided aid and turned to the Nippon Foundation to act as a mediator between the Myanmar government and the various ethnic groups. The Japanese government’s approach masked an economic rationale predicated on the construction of economic corridors through the Mekong subregion. Japan’s state-centric approach favoured Myanmar’s military government at the expense of ethnic minorities. As Myanmar democratized, so refugees were encouraged to return to a precarious existence in Myanmar’s borderlands. At the same time, infrastructure developments allowed the Myanmar military better access to areas of ethnic conflict, transforming the contours of the conflicts themselves.
Critiquing the Neoliberal Creative City: But Long Live Alternative Creative Spaces!
Authors: Hollands Robert G.
Published: January 2024

The first part of this chapter focuses on a critique of the neoliberal creative city defined here as the state-facilitated marketization of the creative economy. It concentrates on the conceptual work of Richard Florida for two reasons. First, although his approach has been heavily criticized previously, it best represents the dominant neoliberal creative city approach. Second, Florida’s schema has been highly influential worldwide both in its conceptual reach as well as in terms of urban policy. Rather than rescuing cities, Florida’s creative paradigm has contributed to a new neoliberal ‘urban crisis’ and growing inequalities. Should we ditch the idea of creativity altogether or are there existing alternative artistic practices that might inform a new urban vision? The second part of the chapter contributes to the urban creativity debate through research on ‘alternative creative spaces’, defined here as art and cultural spaces which are oppositional to the neoliberal creativity paradigm.