bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering & Technology Scientific Journal: Sobre a Revista
Authors: Ferreira-Pinto Leandro
Published: May 2022

O Engineering & Technology Scientific Journal é um periódico anual de fluxo contínuo de publicação de trabalhos originais e inéditos, relacionados com Engenharia, Tecnologia, Ciências Exatas e da Terra, vinculado ao Departamento de Engenharia da Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia (FEC) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP).
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA SEBAGAI PMO DENGAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PASIEN TBC DI PUSKESMAS PITU
Authors: Yulianti Hohedu Ribka , Asih Blandina Olivia , Fitria Pipit
Published: May 2022

This study aims to see the support of the family as a supervisor for taking medication by taking medication for TB patients at the Pitu Community Health Center, Central Tobelo District. The method used in this research is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used total sampling on respondents with a history of tuberculosis and their families. The data was collected through a questionnaire. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between family support as a supervisor for taking medication with medication related to TB patients (P value = 0.001). 43 respondents (78%) provided a good level of family support, took medicine by 78% and 12 respondents (22%) provided poor family support with a level of taking medicine by 22%. Based on the results of the study, family support as a supervisor of taking medication who has a background on the level of taking medication in TB patients.
HUBUNGAN STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI KELUARGA DENGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA DI UNIVERSITAS HEIN NAMOTEMO
Authors: Wenur Raldy , Marcela Salamor Jenny
Published: May 2022

Family is a group consisting of two or more people who are bound by birth, marriage or adoption. Families need nursing interventions in order to function and support the family properly. This study aims to determine the relationship between family socioeconomic status and student learning motivation. Retrieval of data through a questionnaire with a quantitative method of data analysis using the Spearman Rank. The results showed that there was no relationship between family socioeconomic status and learning motivation of Hein Namotemo University students p = 0.614 (p> 0.05) and a correlation value of -0.054. It can be concluded that there is no relationship between family socioeconomic status and student learning motivation.
HUBUNGAN KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK PERAWAT DENGAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN PASIEN DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RSUD MABA
Authors: Soleman Nurdani , Cabu Roberto
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between nurses' therapeutic communication and the level of patient satisfaction in the Maba Hospital inpatient room. This research uses quantitative methods. The type of quantitative research used is quantitative bivariate correlation. With the simple random sampling technique (simple random sample), namely the technique of taking samples from members of the population that is done randomly without paying attention to the existing strata in the population of 52 respondents. The test used is the Rank Spearman. The results of the therapeutic communication study were found to be almost entirely good (86.5%). The level of patient satisfaction found that almost all of them felt high satisfaction (75%). The results of the Spearman rank statistical test obtained the sig number. = 0.000 <0.05, where there is a relationship between the therapeutic communication of nurses and the level of patient satisfaction in the inpatient room of Maba Hospital. It is hoped that nurses will continue to maintain and improve therapeutic communication in order to increase patient satisfaction. The management always listens to patient complaints as well as criticisms and suggestions and for further researchers to examine other variables
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN BAHAYA MEROKOK BAGI KESEHATAN DENGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK PADA REMAJA DI DESA PITU KECAMATAN TOBELO TENGAH
Authors: Ariyanti Kitong Frinski , Nur Fitria Pipit
Published: May 2022

This study aims to see the relationship between the level of the dangers of health smoking and the behavior of adolescents who smoke in Pitu Village, Central Tobelo District. This research method uses a correlational approach. The number of samples in this study were 74 respondents who were obtained using simple random sampling technique. The data was collected door-to-door using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The description of the danger level of smoking in Pitu Village is in the "sufficient knowledge" category (45.9%) and the smoking behavior is in the "heavy smoker" category (51.4%). The results obtained were p = 0.134 or there was no relationship between the level of danger of smoking and smoking behavior in Pitu Village, Tobelo Tengah District.
PENGARUH DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA DI HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Kerenly Sahabat Alista , Marcela Salamor Jenny
Published: May 2022

The family as the smallest unit of society consisting of the head of the family and several people who are gathered and live in one place under one roof in a state of interdependence. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of family support on the learning motivation of North Halmahera students. This study uses simple linear regression with a population of 1,755 respondents with a sample of 325 and data collection using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and rehabilitation. Based on the results of the One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, the data showed normal distribution. Based on the results of the Linearity Test on the variables of family support and learning motivation, it can be seen that the value of division from linearity is 0.092 (P>0.05), it can be concluded that there is linearity between family support and learning motivation
STRATEGI PEMASARAN PADA BANK PEMERINTAH: STUDI KASUS PT. BANK MANDIRI Tbk. CABANG YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2004
Authors: Sihite Toga Sehat , Tarigan Vitri , Saragih Marintan , Siregar Robert Tua
Published: May 2022

Marketing strategy as an important aspect to maintain and expand opportunities to reach the market. Studies that explore the Bank's internal marketing strategies have been examined by previous research but based on competitive banking dynamics and highly dynamic market demands it is difficult to predict, the study of marketing strategies in the context of the Bank's companies is considered to be relevant for review at any time.

This article aims to analyze the marketing strategies available at PT Bank Mandiri, Tbk Yogyakarta branch 2004 with the SWOT analysis method. Data was obtained through interviews with the management of the Bank Mandiri Yogyakarta branch. The analytical tool used is the analysis of industrial structure (Porter), SWOT. The results of the study through a SWOT analysis of the position of PT. Bank Mandiri in its marketing strategy uses a growth strategy.
DAMPAK PEMBERIAN IZIN MENDIRIKAN BANGUNAN (IMB) TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI KECAMATAN SUNGGAL KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG
Authors: Hamzah Amir , Harahap R. Hamdani
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan objek penelitiannya adalah melibatkan unsur-unsur Badan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan Daerah dan Kecamatan Sunggal Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana Dampak Pemberian Izin Mendirikan Bangunan terhadap Lingkungan Hidup di Kecamatan Sunggal Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yaitu peraturan perundang-undangan, peraturan pemerintah, peraturan daerah, buku-buku referensi, makalah dan dokumen-dokumen yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi.Analisa data dalam penelitian in dilakukan dengan cara kualitatif sebagai prosedur penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif melalui metode berpikir (logika) deduktif dan induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dampak Pemberian Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB) terhadap Lingkungan Hidup merupakan suatu keputusan pemerintah daerah dalam upaya untuk mencegah dan mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan dan melindungi fungsi lingkungan hidup sesuai dengan rencana pengelolaan lingkungan hidup dan rencana pemantauan lingkungan hidup.
PARTISIPASI PEREMPUAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DESA STUDI DI DESA GIRI PURNO KECAMATAN RIMBO ILIR KABUPATEN TEBO
Authors: Miranti Miranti , Haryanto Putut
Published: May 2022

This research was conducted in Giri Purno Village, Rimbo Ilir District, Tebo Regency. The location of the research will be carried out in Giri Purno Village, Rimbo Ilir District, Tebo Regency. This location was chosen "purposively" that is intentionally. Considering the condition of the area which shows the low level of women's participation in the development of Giri Purno Village in terms of village consultations, formulation, planning and implementation of development. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, which intends to find out and get an overview of the problems that occur at a certain place and time. Forms of Women's Participation in the Development Process of Giri Purno Village, Rimbo Ilir District, include: 1. Non-Physical Participation (Ideas / Thoughts) and 2. Participation in the Form of Energy. Factors Encouraging Women's Participation in the Giri Purno Village Development Process: Awareness / Willing Factors, Educational Factors, Income factor / Income. The inhibiting factors for women's participation in the development of Giri Purno Village include the busyness of women, lack of communication and external factors, namely the government leadership factor
STRATEGI LEMBAGA ADAT MELAYU DUSUN MUARA KUAMANG DALAM PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK LAHAN
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Nopriyani Yuli
Published: May 2022

In the social life of indigenous Malay community has an important role, both as a basis for the action, as well as how to solve the problems. Lembaga Adat Melayu Dusun Muara Kuamang has been actively involved in land conflicts in Hamlet menyelsasikan Kuamang Estuary. This study examines the strategies of the Institute of Traditional Malay village in Muara Kuamang menyelelesaikan land conflicts in Dusun Muara Kuamang. This research was conducted in Muara Kuamang Hamlet with the research period January to April 2020. The results of the study found that customary law can be used as an alternative to conflict resolution that is more knowledgeable and prudent. Customary law is able to provide a major role in resolving land conflicts that occur in the hamlet of Muara Kuamang. Strategy Board Raya Dusun Muara Kuamang in land conflict resolution in Dusun Muara Kuamang including through mediation and custom assembly. The constraints Lembaga Adat Melayu Dusun Muara Kuamang. in the settlement of the land conflict in Dusun Muara Kuamang, that is, the disputing parties did not comply, the limitations of witnesses in the trial and the order of the trial were not complied with by the disputing parties.
TINJAUAN KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI PENARIK BECAK DI KELURAHAN BANTAN KECAMATAN MEDAN TEMBUNG DI MASA COVID-19
Authors: Wulandari Sania , Suriadi Agus
Published: May 2022

During a pandemic, it results in reduced community activity. One of the sectors that is currently the government's attention is the informal labor sector. From an economic perspective, most of the people of Bantan Village, Kec. Medan Tembung has heterogeneous livelihoods, namely working as a rickshaw puller. This situation certainly affects the income of motorized rickshaw drivers, especially motorized rickshaw drivers. Convex Field. Many of these motorbike rickshaw drivers now feel that their socio-economic life is in a deteriorating state. The life of the surviving rickshaw drivers is quite alarming. More and more competitors automatically make their income decrease. Not to mention that the price of basic necessities is getting more expensive, and the Covid-19 pandemic is making their lives even more difficult. So that this affects their social conditions such as getting bad behavior from people around them, but some rickshaw pullers also help each other during this covid-19 pandemic This study aims to determine the socio-economic conditions of the Becak Puller in Bantan Village, kec. Tembung fields during the Covid-19 period. The research method used is descriptive qualitative to get a clear picture of the socio-economic conditions of rickshaw drivers. Sampling using accidental sampling by collecting data through observation and interviews. Based on research that has been carried out, the results of the study show that the socio-economic life of motorized pedicab drivers during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Kel. Bantan Kec. Medan Tembung is decreasing and is still classified as a low-income community. This is evidenced by the income generated by the informants and the need to get a side job to meet the daily needs of their family, including to pay for children's education. During the Covid-19 pandemic, motorized rickshaw drivers lost their income and looked for ways to survive in a situation like this, by reducing expenses, asking for family assistance and making loans
DINAMIKA PEMBENTUKAN KEBIJAKAN MELALUI METODE DAKWAH PADA KAJIAN KEPEMIMPINAN NABI MUHAMMAD SAW: STUDI LITERATUR
Authors: Hasugian Nurdalipah , Mukti Abdul , Dahlan Zaini
Published: May 2022

The early Islamic history that was passed by the Prophet Muhammad SAW was really difficult, because he had to deal with the Quraysh tribe who controlled the city of Mecca. The followers of Rasulullah at that time were still very few and the main focus of the prophet's da'wah at that time was to improve monotheism which had turned with the changing times. In general, the da'wah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW has 2 periods, namely the period in Mecca for approximately 13 years, then the period in Medina for less than 10 years. The method used by the prophet in preaching is secretly and openly.Rasulullah SAW provided himself with kindness, piety and sincerity and noble character in guiding mankind so that it aroused sympathy from the people who easily accepted the teachings of Islam. Even so, there are still many from the Quraysh infidels who reject the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad SAW because they consider the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad to be divisive teachings.
Comparison of strains of Nesidiocoris tenuis against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under geothermal greenhouses in southern Tunisia
Authors: Ettaib Refki
Published: May 2022

Heated greenhouse cultivation in southern Tunisia constitutes a very important axis of agricultural development. Among the problems that are prejudicial to glasshouse tomato crops heated by geothermal waters, the newly introduced Tuta absoluta insect remains little studied in this agro-ecosystem. Biological means in the context of an integrated fight against this formidable pest to better understand the geothermal sector and contribute to the study of this new problem. The monitoring of a population of a native strain of Nesidiocoris tenuis installed naturally in the geothermal greenhouse and a population of one strain introduced into another greenhouse, showed the performance of the indigenous strain which multiplied rapidly and remained until the end of cultivation with a large population arriving at the total elimination of Tuta absoluta.
Die mündliche Prüfung in den juristischen Staatsexamina – eine Blackbox mit Diskriminierungspotential
Authors: Heppner Charlotte , Wienfort Nora , Härtel Sophia
Published: May 2022

Mit der folgenden Untersuchung identifizieren wir, Juristinnen und Mitglieder des Arbeitsstabs Ausbildung und Beruf des Deutschen Juristinnenbundes, Diskriminierungsgefahren in den mündlichen Prüfungen der juristischen Staatsexamina und formulieren konkrete Forderungen, wie diesen Risiken begegnet werden sollte. Wir stützen unsere Ergebnisse auf eine Analyse der Ausbildungsgesetze und -verordnungen der Länder und auf Antworten, die uns die Justizprüfungsämter auf vorgefertigte Fragenkataloge zur Prävention von und zum Schutz vor Diskriminierungen in den mündlichen Prüfungen gegeben haben. Unser Befund: In jedem Problemfeld, das wir als diskriminierungsanfällig identifizieren, besteht für die Länder und ihre Behörden bereits heute ausreichend Handlungsspielraum, um Diskriminierungsgefahren in der Zukunft zu verringern oder Diskriminierungen gar zu vermeiden. Eine gerechtere Prüfungspraxis ist unmittelbar erreichbar - ob und wann sie Realität wird, hängt vom Willen der Verantwortlichen ab.
Function of Urease in Plants with Reference to Legumes: A Review
Authors: S. Joseph Peter , A. Musa Dickson , C. Egwim Evans , Uthman A.
Published: May 2022

Urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) is a nickel-containing enzyme produced by plants, fungi, and bacteria that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbamate. Plant (especially legumes) ureases hold a special place in science history, participating on some important landmarks of biochemistry as it was the first enzyme ever to be crystallized in 1926. Finding nickel in urease’s active site in 1975 was the first indication of a biological role for this metal. Despite the abundance of urease in tissues and seeds of some members of Legumes families, and its ubiquity in virtually all plants little has been revealed of the roles of urease. This review will explore many faces of these ureases from legumes and other plants, their roles, nutritional relationship between plants and the commensal bacteria with which they associate. In addition, we will explore the possibility that bacteria participate in turnover of the “plant” urea pool. Plant ureases possess insecticidal and fungitoxic properties independent of its ureolytic activity. Altogether, with this review we wanted to invite the readers to take a second look at ureases from versatile plants especially legumes for various biotechnological applications.
Past, Current and Future of Wheat Diseases in Kenya
Authors: Wanyera Ruth , Wamalwa Mercy
Published: May 2022

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal and is among the crops that contribute significantly to food security in Kenya. However, wheat diseases are among the biotic factors that affect wheat production. Considerable progress has been made to control wheat diseases through host plant resistance breeding and chemical applications. Frequent changes in the pathogens population still present a major challenge to achieving durable resistance. Disease surveillance and monitoring of the pathogens have revealed the changes in virulence across the region, justifying the need to develop and deploy more efficient and sustainable strategies to manage the diseases. Understanding the genetic variability and composition of the diseases is important for variety release with appropriate resistance gene combinations for sustainable disease management. This review highlights the prevalence, distribution of wheat diseases, host plant resistance in the key wheat-growing regions of Kenya, and future prospects in Kenya.
On Maritime Digitalization in Emerging Environments
Authors: Bauk Sanja
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to propose a conceptual framework for implementation of advance info-communication technology and systems (ICT&S) across maritime cluster in emerging environments, with emphasis on some South-East European countries and South Africa. Smart implementation and adoption of the ICT&S in shipping and port management have been considered due to the Holtham\'s & Courtney\'s model (2010). Furthermore, particular attention is given to Blockchain-based Maritime Supply Chain System (BMSCS) conceptual model, which includes distributed relational database, smart contracts, and crypto-currency payment mechanism as main constructs. The document workflow management, financial processes, and device connectivity are considered as key scenarios in the blockchain model. The stakeholders, who play the role of traditional intermediaries in the goods and accompanied documents and data flows, including overall supervision of the processes between end nodes, that is, shippers and customers, are encompassed within the BMSCS scheme. Some strengthens and frailty of BMSCS are highlighted, along with the suggestions for further investigation in this field, with the aim of better understanding prospective benefits and challenges of blockchain more extensive deployment across maritime sector in the future, with emphasize on developing environments.
Perspective Chapter: Digital Assistive Technologies
Authors: Vimarlund Vivian , Zandi Diana
Published: May 2022

The use of digital technologies has been described as a facilitator integrating services and offering facilities to support individuals with impairments. In this chapter we identify level of advancement, trends, and challenges in the growing area of digital assistive technologies. Interview with experts and a literature search were performed. The outcomes of this study shown that the generic use and adoption of technologies involves complexity and changes in several aspects and, specifically, requires changes in the overall practice environment. However, the real challenge is not to identify technologies or to prioritize products, policies, or praxis, rather it is to build infrastructures, to match levels of maturity with products or services, and to reduce the technical, and socio-economic inefficiencies that constrain the further development of the area.
Hearing Restoration through Optical Wireless Cochlear Implants
Authors: E. Trevlakis Stylianos , A. Boulogeorgos Alexandros-Apostolos , K. Karagiannidis George
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, we present two novel optical wireless-based cochlear implant architectures: (i) optical wireless cochlear implant (OWCI) and (ii) all-optical cochlear implant (AOCI). Both the architectures aim to decisively improve the reliability and energy efficiency of hearing restoration devices. To provide design and development guidelines, we document their main components, discuss the particularities of the transdermal optical channel, and provide the analytical framework for their accurate modeling. Building upon this framework, we extract closed-form formulas that quantify the communication, the stimulation, and the overall performance. An overall comparison of OWCI and AOCI, as well as conventional cochlear implants, accompanied by future research directions summarizes this chapter. Our findings reveal that both the OWCI and the AOCI outperform conventional cochlear implant approaches; thus, they are identified as promising architectures for the next generation of cochlear implants.
Food-Based PPARγ Ligands
Authors: L. Stockert Amy , Mild Sean
Published: May 2022

Foods and herbs have long been used medicinally and the interest in natural product therapies have returned in the recent decades. PPARγ is a transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of metabolic genes. The discovery of full activators of PPARγ have been useful in the treatment of diabetes but are not without side effects. The discovery of food based PPARγ ligands have allowed the exploration of natural treatment of a variety of diseases with potentially fewer side effects due to the ligand based activation rather than full activation. Here we present background on the PPARγ transcription factors and summarize several compounds and the food sources that have demonstrated therapeutic potential for disease states including diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
The Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children with Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Močnik Mirjam , Marčun Varda Nataša
Published: May 2022

Cardiorespiratory fitness is an outcome of physical activity, enabling the transport of oxygen from the atmosphere to the mitochondria to perform physical work and therefore reflects the overall capacity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to perform the prolonged exercise. In recent decades, it has declined in the paediatric population. Cardiovascular fitness measurement has yet to be standardised in children but is a powerful marker of health in youth and is strongly associated with inflammation and inversely associated with cardiovascular risk factors, especially obesity. Notably, youth with low cardiorespiratory fitness levels have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases during adulthood. Lowered cardiorespiratory fitness has been demonstrated most often in children with obesity and associated cardiovascular comorbidities, however, these can be associated with cardiorespiratory fitness independently to body mass index. The benefits of physical activity on health have been well demonstrated during growth and it should be encouraged in children with cardiovascular risk to prevent further reduction of cardiorespiratory fitness and the development of other comorbidities. Along with appropriate physical exercise and diet in childhood, breastfeeding in the first year of life is recommended.
Robert B. Talisse: Overdoing Democracy: Why We Must Put Politics in its Place
Authors: Celý Tadeáš
Published: May 2022

Robert B. Talisse: OVERDOING DEMOCRACY: WHY WE MUST PUT POLITICS IN ITS PLACE. New York: Oxford University Press. 2019. 216 pages.
Revision of the genus Georissus (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea, Georissidae) of Japan
Authors: Yasuda Kohei , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki
Published: May 2022

Japanese species of the genus Georissus are revised. Seven species, including two new, G. (Neogeorissus) takahashii sp. nov. and G. (Ne.) satoi sp. nov. are recognized. Georissus (Neogeorissus) sakaii Satô, 1972 and G. (Ne.) katsuoi Nakane, 1995 are synonymized with G. (Ne.) japonicus Satô, 1972. Based on the type series and additional specimens, three subgenera and seven species are (re)described with SEM micrographs of the external morphology and figures of male and female genitalia. The terminology of some structures of the head and the pronotum are redefined for convenience of taxonomy. A key to the Japanese species is also given.
Philosophy for Passengers
Authors: Marder Michael , Saraceno Tomás
Published: May 2022

A philosophical guide to passengerhood, with reflections on time, space, existence, boredom, our sense of self, and our sense of the senses.

While there are entire bookstore sections—and even entire bookstores—devoted to travel, there have been few books on the universal experience of being a passenger. With this book, philosopher Michael Marder fills the gap, offering a philosophical guide to passengerhood. He takes readers from ticketing and preboarding (preface and introduction) through a series of stops and detours (reflections on topics including time, space, existence, boredom, our sense of self, and our sense of the senses), to destination and disembarking (conclusion).

Marder finds that the experience of passengers in the twenty-first century is experience itself, stretching well beyond railroad tracks and airplane flight patterns. On his journey through passengerhood, he considers, among many other things, passenger togetherness, which goes hand in hand with passenger loneliness; flyover country and the idea of placeness; and Descartes in an airplane seat. He tells us that the word metaphor means transport in Greek and discusses the gray area between literalness and metaphoricity; explains the connection between reading and riding; and ponders the difference between destination and destiny. Finally, a Beckettian disembarking: you might not be able to disembark, yet you must disembark. After the voyage in the world ends, the journey of understanding begins.
Syntax in the Treetops
Authors: Miyagawa Shigeru
Published: May 2022

A proposal that syntax extends to the domain of discourse in making core syntax link to the conversational context.

In Syntax in the Treetops, Shigeru Miyagawa proposes that syntax extends into the domain of discourse by making linkages between core syntax and the conversational participants. Miyagawa draws on evidence for this extended syntactic structure from a wide variety of languages, including Basque, Japanese, Italian, Magahi, Newari, Romanian, and Spanish, as well as the language of children with autism. His proposal for what happens at the highest level of the tree structure used by linguists to represent the hierarchical relationships within sentences—“in the treetops”—offers a unique contribution to the new area of study sometimes known as “syntacticization of discourse.”

Miyagawa's main point is that syntax provides the basic framework that makes possible the performance of a speech act and the conveyance of meaning; although the role that syntax plays for speech acts is modest, it is critical. He proposes that the speaker-addressee layer and the Commitment Phrase (the speaker's commitment to the addressee of the truthfulness of the proposition) occur together in the syntactic treetops. In each succeeding chapter, Miyagawa examines the working of each layer of the tree and how they interact.
The Jurassic rise of squamates as supported by lepidosaur disparity and evolutionary rates
Authors: Bolet Arnau , Stubbs Thomas L , Herrera-Flores Jorge A , Benton Michael J
Published: May 2022

The squamates (lizards, snakes, and relatives) today comprise more than 10,000 species, and yet their sister group, the Rhynchocephalia, is represented by a single species today, the tuatara. The explosion in squamate diversity has been tracked back to the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, 100 million years ago (Ma), the time when flowering plants began their takeover of terrestrial ecosystems, associated with diversification of coevolving insects and insect-eating predators such as lizards, birds, and mammals. Squamates arose much earlier, but their long pre-Cretaceous history of some 150 million years (Myr) is documented by sparse fossils. Here, we provide evidence for an initial radiation of squamate morphology in the Middle and Late Jurassic (174–145 Ma), and show that they established their key ecological roles much earlier than had been assumed, and they have not changed them much since.
The oncoprotein BCL6 enables solid tumor cells to evade genotoxic stress
Authors: Liu Yanan , Feng Juanjuan , Yuan Kun , Wu Zhengzhen , Hu Longmiao , Lu Yue , Li Kun , Guo Jiawei , Chen Jing , Ma Chengbin , Pang Xiufeng
Published: May 2022

Genotoxic agents remain the mainstay of cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the clinical benefits are often countered by a rapid tumor adaptive response. Here, we report that the oncoprotein B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a core component that confers solid tumor adaptive resistance to genotoxic stress. Multiple genotoxic agents promoted BCL6 transactivation, which was positively correlated with a weakened therapeutic efficacy and a worse clinical outcome. Mechanistically, we discovered that treatment with the genotoxic agent etoposide led to the transcriptional reprogramming of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, among which the interferon-α and interferon-γ responses were substantially enriched in resistant cells. Our results further revealed that the activation of interferon/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 axis directly upregulated BCL6 expression. The increased expression of BCL6 further repressed the tumor suppressor PTEN and consequently enabled resistant cancer cell survival. Accordingly, targeted inhibition of BCL6 remarkably enhanced etoposide-triggered DNA damage and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings highlight the importance of BCL6 signaling in conquering solid tumor tolerance to genotoxic stress, further establishing a rationale for a combined approach with genotoxic agents and BCL6-targeted therapy.
Auditory mismatch responses are differentially sensitive to changes in muscarinic acetylcholine versus dopamine receptor function
Authors: Weber Lilian Aline , Tomiello Sara , Schöbi Dario , Wellstein Katharina V , Mueller Daniel , Iglesias Sandra , Stephan Klaas Enno
Published: May 2022

The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) has been proposed as a biomarker of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction in schizophrenia. Such dysfunction may be caused by aberrant interactions of different neuromodulators with NMDARs, which could explain clinical heterogeneity among patients. In two studies (N = 81 each), we used a double-blind placebo-controlled between-subject design to systematically test whether auditory mismatch responses under varying levels of environmental stability are sensitive to diminishing and enhancing cholinergic vs. dopaminergic function. We found a significant drug × mismatch interaction: while the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist biperiden delayed and topographically shifted mismatch responses, particularly during high stability, this effect could not be detected for amisulpride, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist. Neither galantamine nor levodopa, which elevate acetylcholine and dopamine levels, respectively, exerted significant effects on MMN. This differential MMN sensitivity to muscarinic versus dopaminergic receptor function may prove useful for developing tests that predict individual treatment responses in schizophrenia.
Post-translational modification patterns on β-myosin heavy chain are altered in ischemic and nonischemic human hearts
Authors: Landim-Vieira Maicon , Childers Matthew C , Wacker Amanda L , Garcia Michelle Rodriquez , He Huan , Singh Rakesh , Brundage Elizabeth A , Johnston Jamie R , Whitson Bryan A , Chase P Bryant , Janssen Paul ML , Regnier Michael , Biesiadecki Brandon J , Pinto J Renato , Parvatiyar Michelle S
Published: May 2022

Phosphorylation and acetylation of sarcomeric proteins are important for fine-tuning myocardial contractility. Here, we used bottom-up proteomics and label-free quantification to identify novel post-translational modifications (PTMs) on β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) in normal and failing human heart tissues. We report six acetylated lysines and two phosphorylated residues: K34-Ac, K58-Ac, S210-P, K213-Ac, T215-P, K429-Ac, K951-Ac, and K1195-Ac. K951-Ac was significantly reduced in both ischemic and nonischemic failing hearts compared to nondiseased hearts. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that K951-Ac may impact stability of thick filament tail interactions and ultimately myosin head positioning. K58-Ac altered the solvent-exposed SH3 domain surface – known for protein–protein interactions – but did not appreciably change motor domain conformation or dynamics under conditions studied. Together, K213-Ac/T215-P altered loop 1’s structure and dynamics – known to regulate ADP-release, ATPase activity, and sliding velocity. Our study suggests that β-MHC acetylation levels may be influenced more by the PTM location than the type of heart disease since less protected acetylation sites are reduced in both heart failure groups. Additionally, these PTMs have potential to modulate interactions between β-MHC and other regulatory sarcomeric proteins, ADP-release rate of myosin, flexibility of the S2 region, and cardiac myofilament contractility in normal and failing hearts.
Metabolic basis for the evolution of a common pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa variant
Authors: Mould Dallas L , Stevanovic Mirjana , Ashare Alix , Schultz Daniel , Hogan Deborah A
Published: May 2022

Microbes frequently evolve in reproducible ways. Here, we show that differences in specific metabolic regulation rather than inter-strain interactions explain the frequent presence of lasR loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While LasR contributes to virulence through its role in quorum sensing, lasR mutants have been associated with more severe disease. A model based on the intrinsic growth kinetics for a wild type strain and its LasR– derivative, in combination with an experimental evolution based genetic screen and further genetics analyses, indicated that differences in metabolism were sufficient to explain the rise of these common mutant types. The evolution of LasR– lineages in laboratory and clinical isolates depended on activity of the two-component system CbrAB, which modulates substrate prioritization through the catabolite repression control pathway. LasR– lineages frequently arise in cystic fibrosis lung infections and their detection correlates with disease severity. Our analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metabolomes identified compounds that negatively correlate with lung function, and we show that these compounds support enhanced growth of LasR– cells in a CbrB-controlled manner. We propose that in vivo metabolomes contribute to pathogen evolution, which may influence the progression of disease and its treatment.
Genome-wide identification of the SWEET gene family mediating the cold stress response in Prunus mume
Authors: Wen Zhenying , Li Mingyu , Meng Juan , Li Ping , Cheng Tangren , Zhang Qixiang , Sun Lidan
Published: May 2022

The Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) gene family encodes a family of sugar transporters that play essential roles in plant growth, reproduction, and biotic and abiotic stresses. Prunus mume is a considerable ornamental wood plant with high edible and medicinal values; however, its lack of tolerance to low temperature has severely limited its geographical distribution. To investigate whether this gene family mediates the response of P. mume to cold stress, we identified that the P. mume gene family consists of 17 members and divided the family members into four groups. Sixteen of these genes were anchored on six chromosomes, and one gene was anchored on the scaffold with four pairs of segmental gene duplications and two pairs of tandem gene duplications. Cis-acting regulatory element analysis indicated that the PmSWEET genes are potentially involved in P. mume development, including potentially regulating roles in procedure, such as circadian control, abscisic acid-response and light-response, and responses to numerous stresses, such as low-temperature and drought. We performed low-temperature treatment in the cold-tolerant cultivar ‘Songchun’ and cold-sensitive cultivar ‘Zaolve’ and found that the expression of four of 17 PmSWEETs was either upregulated or downregulated with prolonged treatment times. This finding indicates that these family members may potentially play a role in cold stress responses in P. mume. Our study provides a basis for further investigation of the role of SWEET proteins in the development of P. mume and its responses to cold stress.
Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in Yili River Valley
Authors: Sun Guojun , Liu Haijun , Cui Dong , Chai Chunmei
Published: May 2022

Soil nutrients are a vital reference index of soil fertility and are essential in studying spatial variability for the development of land resources. The traditional statistical methods including correlation analysis and geostatistical analysis, were used to explore the spatial variability of nutrients and its influencing factors in the Yili River Valley. The results showed that soil total potassium (STK) had a weak variation, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN) and soil total phosphorus (STP) showed a moderate degree of variation. Correlation analysis showed that SOC had a significant correlation with STN, STP, STK, silt, soil water content (SWC), Cos a and altitude (p < 0.01). In contrast, negative correlations were found between the SOC and sand, soil bulk density (SBD) and pH (p < 0.01), the same as STN. STP had a significant correlation with STK, silt (p < 0.01) and Cos a (p < 0.05), whereas negative correlations were found between the STP, sand and SBD (p < 0.01). STK had a significant correlation with silt, whereas negative correlations were found between the STK, sand and SBD. Ordinary Kriging interpolation showed that the distribution of SOC and STN had a high value in the northeast, northwest and southeast, and a low value in the central and southwest. STP was high in the northwest and southeast and low in the northeast and southwest. STK was high in the northwest and northeast and low in the central and southeast regions. This is helpful for the rational exploitation of land resources in ecological economy development in the Yili River Basin.
A new comprehensive approach for regional drought monitoring
Authors: Niaz Rizwan , Almazah Mohammed M. A. , Hussain Ijaz , Faisal Muhammad , Al-Rezami A. Y. , Naser Mohammed A.
Published: May 2022

The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a vital component of meteorological drought. Several researchers have been using SPI in their studies to develop new methodologies for drought assessment, monitoring, and forecasting. However, it is challenging for SPI to provide quick and comprehensive information about precipitation deficits and drought probability in a homogenous environment. This study proposes a Regional Intensive Continuous Drought Probability Monitoring System (RICDPMS) for obtaining quick and comprehensive information regarding the drought probability and the temporal evolution of the droughts at the regional level. The RICDPMS is based on Monte Carlo Feature Selection (MCFS), steady-state probabilities, and copulas functions. The MCFS is used for selecting more important stations for the analysis. The main purpose of employing MCFS in certain stations is to minimize the time and resources. The use of MCSF makes RICDPMS efficient for drought monitoring in the selected region. Further, the steady-state probabilities are used to calculate regional precipitation thresholds for selected drought intensities, and bivariate copulas are used for modeling complicated dependence structures as persisting between precipitation at varying time intervals. The RICDPMS is validated on the data collected from six meteorological locations (stations) of the northern area of Pakistan. It is observed that the RICDPMS can monitor the regional drought and provide a better quantitative way to analyze deficits with varying drought intensities in the region. Further, the RICDPMS may be used for drought monitoring and mitigation policies.
Solubilization, purification, and ligand binding characterization of G protein-coupled receptor SMO in native membrane bilayer using styrene maleic acid copolymer
Authors: Zhu Lina , Zhao Hongxin , Wang Yizhuo , Yu Chuandi , Liu Juanjuan , Li Ling , Li Zehua , Zhang Jin , Dai Han , Wang Junfeng , Zhu Lei
Published: May 2022

Smoothened (SMO) protein is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family that is involved in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. It is a putative target for treating various cancers, including medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Characterizing membrane proteins such as SMO in their native state is highly beneficial for the development of effective pharmaceutical drugs, as their structures and functions are retained to the highest extent in this state. Therefore, although SMO protein is conventionally solubilized in detergent micelles, incorporating the protein in a lipid-based membrane mimic is still required. In this study, we used styrene maleic acid (SMA) copolymer that directly extracted membrane protein and surrounding lipids as well as formed the so-called polymer nanodiscs, to solubilize and purify the SMO transmembrane domain encapsulated by SMA-nanodiscs. The obtained SMA-nanodiscs showed high homogeneity and maintained the physiological activity of SMO protein, thereby enabling the measurement of the dissociation constant (Kd) for SMO ligands SMO-ligands Shh Signaling Antagonist V (SANT-1) and Smoothened Agonist (SAG) using ligand-based solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This work paves the way for investigating the structure, function, and drug development of SMO proteins in a native-like lipid environment.
Organizational Capacity Assessment of Herbs, a Rural-Based Farmer Organization in San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines
Authors: Ticzon Herbert
Published: May 2022

HERBS Inc. is a rural-based organization recently established in San Pablo City, Laguna, the Philippines comprising of farmers who are senior citizens, mostly retired in government service, to formalize training in organic farming, harvesting, and selling products such as chili powder, chili paste, soya milk, and other soy by-products. Records from the City Agricultural Office showed that newly formed farmer's organizations in the past ten years experienced difficulties in management and operations and eventually faced the risk of closure. The study was conducted to assess this organization in its capacity for entrepreneurship for its members to improve their income and uplift their quality of life, thus promoting inclusiveness in our society. Focused Group Discussion using PRA tools such as Livelihood analysis, Venn Diagram, SWOT and TOWS analysis, Problem Tree analysis, and Logical Framework Matrix was used in conducting this study. Results showed that the organization still need further training on organizational competencies and skills to achieve and maintain their goals and objectives. Furthermore, the findings showed the internal and external factors that hinder or stimulate the development of their organization. The Participatory Rural Appraisal has been proven to be effective in assessing organizational capacity; therefore, we recommend its usage in carrying out studies of this nature.
Towards Migration-Responsive Local Government: Profiling, Perceived Program Needs and Driving Forces
Authors: Rabino Evelyn , Montalbo Meynardo
Published: May 2022

The phenomenon of ethnic migration has been part of human history and vital to the development of cultures and civilizations. Using mixed-method inquiry, the research studied the Local Government’s responsiveness to the Muslim migrants’ need for programs relative to education, livelihood, health, and sanitation, housing, socio-civic, and cultural aspects, including investigation of the driving forces of the 155 migrants selected using purposive sampling. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed, and in addition, a subset of the participants, which included government personnel and leaders of the Muslims, were interviewed. The use of documentary analysis and observation of Muslim activities were also vital sources of data. Results showed that older migrant females have migrated for a relatively long time who have been engaged in business and trading operations, considered limited opportunities and personal reasons as driving forces of their migration; the local government’s support for the educational needs of the Muslims through Madrassah School supervised by the Department of Education, support for livelihood program, and promoting harmonious relationships between Muslims and non-Muslims through sociocultural and other programs. Results would lead to the creation of academe government linkage for a sustainable development program for Muslim migrants.