bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Применение методов машинного обучения для ранжирования факторов и прогнозирования невооруженной и вооруженной революционной дестабилизации в афразийской макрозоне нестабильности
Authors: Медведев Илья , Устюжанин Вадим , Жданов Андрей , Коротаев Андрей
Published: July 2024

В статье методами машинного обучения проранжированы по их значимости факторы, влияющие на риски возникновения невооруженных и вооруженных революционных событий. Анализ представляет собой доработанную и улучшенную версию моделей прошлых лет: взяты новые зависимые переменные, расширен список независимых переменных, а также дано сравнение с ранжированием факторов по базе данных NAVCO 1.3 для валидации полученных результатов. На основе ранжирования различных факторов нестабильности методами машинного обучения были отобраны факторы, лучше всего объясняющие невооруженную революционную активность. На глобальном уровне самыми значимыми факторами являются рост цен на продовольствие, индекс коррумпированности государственного сектора, плотность населения, число лет пребывания первого лица у власти, конкурентность выдвижения кандидатов, помощь со стороны США и образованность населения. В свою очередь, в афразийской макрозоне список важнейших факторов несколько отличается. На первом месте находится число лет пребывания первого лица у власти, наличие партийных коалиций, годовое изменение экспорта на душу населения, индекс электоральной демократии, помощь со стороны США, плотность населения, эффективность законодательной власти, конкурентность выдвижения кандидатов, изменение государственных расходов на душу населения и рост цен на продовольствие. Для вооруженных революционных выступлений список главных факторов на глобальном уровне выглядит следующим образом: интенсивность вооруженного революционного выступления на прошлый год, численность населения, финансовая помощь со стороны США, различные демографические характеристики (суммарный коэффициент рождаемости, младенческая смертность), доля мусульманского населения, вооруженные революционные выступления в странах-соседях, образование населения, индекс демократии, «молодежный бугор», а также показатели коррупции, дискриминации и подушевой ВВП. Для афразийской макрозоны нестабильности в целом список сильнейших факторов вполне соотносится с мировым, однако некоторые отличия все же есть: на первом месте также находится интенсивность конфликта в прошлом году, но дальше идет финансовая помощь со стороны США, численность населения, индекс электоральной демократии, темпы экономического роста, показатели «молодежного бугра» и индекс эффективности государства. На основе выделенных факторов были построены краткосрочные прогнозы по рискам вооруженной и невооруженной революционной нестабильности в афразийской макрозоне и Африке южнее Сахеля методами машинного обучения. Также дана серия долгосрочных прогнозов вплоть до 2035 г., сделанная методами регрессионного анализа. В целом, наиболее подверженными рискам невооруженной революционной нестабильности в ближайшем будущем оказываются Алжир, ЮАР, Кения, Гана, Узбекистан и Кыргызстан, Иран, Ирак и Турция.
К прогнозированию некоторых структурно-демографических рисков социально-политической дестабилизации в странах Северной и Западной Африки
Authors: Зинькина Юлия , Коротаев Андрей
Published: July 2024

Явлению «молодежных бугров» и его влиянию на возникновение социально-политической нестабильности посвящено значительное количество исследований. Казалось бы, по мере завершения странами мира демографического перехода это явление должно остаться в прошлом. Однако наше исследование показывает, что для стран Африки, где сохраняется высокая рождаемость, сочетающаяся с незавершенностью урбанизационного перехода, в высшей степени релевантна такая модификация этого явления, как «городские молодежные бугры», т.е. высокая доля городской молодежи в общей численности взрослого населения. При этом риски, связанные с некоторым повышением этой доли, характерны и для ряда стран Северной Африки – но гораздо выше они оказываются в странах Западной Африки. Результаты моделирования показывают, что по всем сценариям задержки снижения рождаемости прогнозируется значительный рост доли городской молодежи к концу века – при ускоренной урбанизации в сочетании с задержкой снижения рождаемости этот показатель во многих странах достигает более 40 %, а в Мали и Нигере еще того выше. При инерционной урбанизации и даже при замедленной урбанизации в сочетании с задержкой снижения рождаемости доля городской молодежи в долгосрочной перспективе также значительно возрастает. При снижении рождаемости на фоне ускоренной урбанизации во всех рассмотренных западноафриканских государствах наблюдается значительный «городской молодежный бугор» в первой половине столетия. Для снижения социально-политических рисков «городских молодежных бугров» необходимо добиться снижения рождаемости на фоне инерционной или замедленной урбанизации.
К прогнозированию некоторых структурно-демографических рисков социально-политической дестабилизации в странах Восточной и Южной Африки
Authors: Зинькина Юлия , Коротаев Андрей
Published: July 2024

Для большинства стран Восточной Африки прогнозируются весьма значительные «городские молодежные бугры» – в ближайшие десятилетия такие бугры оказываются особенно выраженными при сценариях ускоренной урбанизации. По всем сценариям задержки снижения рождаемости, как правило, прогнозируется значительный рост доли городской молодежи к концу века. Однако одного лишь снижения рождаемости недостаточно для предотвращения катастрофических сценариев – действительно, при снижении рождаемости на фоне ускоренной урбанизации доля городской молодежи все равно значительно возрастает примерно к середине века, прежде чем начать медленное снижение. Во избежание рисков, связанных с возникновением «городских молодежных бугров», странам Восточной Африки необходимо снижение рождаемости на фоне инерционной или замедленной урбанизации. Позитивным исключением в восточноафриканском регионе представляются Кения и Зимбабве. Самой отстающей страной региона в переходе рождаемости и урбанизационном переходе является Сомали; самыми рискованными для этой страны являются сценарии ускоренной урбанизации, при которых уже к середине 2040-х гг. доля городской молодежи возрастет до 40 %. Динамика доли городской молодежи в населении южноафриканских стран, в частности, ЮАР, Намибии и Ботсваны, разительно отличается от всех стран Восточной Африки – это связано с тем, что ЮАР, Намибия и Ботсвана добились значительно большего прогресса как в переходе рождаемости, так и в урбанизационном переходе. риски, связанные с ускоренным ростом доли городской молодежи, для этих государств нерелевантны ни при каком из смоделированных нами сценариев.
О попытках совершить глобалистскую революцию. 1: Рассмотрение глобализма в «революционном» аспекте
Authors: Гринин Леонид , Гринин Антон
Published: July 2024

В настоящей работе, состоящей из двух связанных статей, обсуждается крайне важный для настоящего момента вопрос о том, как следует интерпретировать стремительно нарастающие изменения в мире. Мы приходим к выводу, что многие из этих изменений, связанных с «зеленой» повесткой и нарастающим объемом обязательств по «спасению» климата, а также с COVID-19, продолжающимся противостоянием внутри американского общества и переменами во внешней политике США, имеют общую причину. Последняя связана с резкой активизацией тех сил, которые можно назвать глобалистскими. Мы полагаем, что мир переживает начало событий, которые можно приравнять к мировой глобалистской революции. Человечество еще никогда в мирное время не переживало событий такого масштаба, связанных с попытками совершить радикальные изменения в политике многих стран и образе жизни огромной части населения. В работе показано сходство современных событий с революциями, формулируются черты мировой революции, анализируются варианты исхода этой революции, а также ее шансы на победу или поражение. Делается вывод, что победа глобалистов приведет к серьезным проблемам в экономике и падению уровня жизни во многих странах. В этой работе мы попытались объективно подойти к оценке роли глобалистов в возможной эволюции Мир-Системы в будущем и на этой основе делаем прогнозы развития Мир-Системы в ближайшие несколько десятилетий. В первой статье мы покажем, что за многими стремительными и часто непонятными изменениями в мире стоят глобалисты, то есть мощный союз крупнейших представителей финансов, бизнеса и высшей элиты, которые по своим интересам и планам объективно уже противостоят национальным интересам собственных государств. В статье объясняется, почему для глобалистов так важен «зеленый курс», ради которого они стремятся произвести столь радикальные перемены в мировых технологиях, институтах и идеологии, которые все сильнее напоминают революционные, только не в национальном, а в мировом масштабе. Исходя из теории революции, мы рассмотрим, насколько применимо понятие революции к современным изменениям, увидим, что последствия, которые эта мировая «революция» может принести миру и отдельным странам, могут быть весьма негативными и разрушительными.
Antipsychotic-Induced Parkinsonism: A Risk Assessment Scale and Personalised Diagnosis Algorithm
Authors: Shnayder N. A. , Vaiman E. E. , Nasyrova R. F.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION. Antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism (AIP) is an extrapyramidal adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with antipsychotics (APs). Despite its classification as a non-serious ADR, AIP significantly decreases the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, which makes early diagnosis and timely management of AIP an urgent issue.

AIM. This study aimed to develop a risk assessment scale and a personalised diagnostic algorithm for AIP as the most common and clinically significant neurological ADR in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The authors analysed modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for AIP, as well as rating scales, questionnaires, and laboratory testing methods to diagnose the condition. The analysis was based on full-text publications in Russian or in English sourced from the eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, Springer, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar databases. As a preliminary step, the authors compared the effectiveness of validated AIP risk assessment scales, including the Simpson–Angus Scale (SAS), the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y Scale), the Webster Rating Scale, and the Mindham Rating Scale. Comparisons were made regarding the duration of testing, the degree of reliability in assessing clinical manifestations of AIP, and the ability to assess risk factors (predictors) of AIP and the rate of AIP development. The results obtained formed the basis for developing an AIP riskometer and a diagnostic algorithm.

RESULTS. The authors developed an original risk assessment scale for diagnosing and predicting AIP. Directions for personalised patient management were determined for patients at high and medium risk of AIP. This article presents an algorithm for diagnosing AIP in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in two variants based on pro-reactive (predictive) or reactive pharmacogenetic testing. According to the study results, pro-reactive pharmacogenetic testing can help determine the risk of AIP in a patient before primary therapy.

CONCLUSIONS. The risk assessment scale and the personalised diagnostic algorithm developed by the authors may be useful for practising neurologists, psychiatrists, and clinical pharmacologists. The development and clinical implementation of novel tools for risk assessment, prevention, and diagnosis of AIP—the most common AP-associated neurological ADR—can improve the quality of treatment and preventive care for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
The Meritocratic Society, ‘Transclass’ and Educational Mismatch: Focusing on C. Jaquet’s Discussion of ‘Non-Reproduction’
Authors: Cho Na Young
Published: July 2024

In a meritocratic society, education is a mechanism for reproducing classes based on an individual’s abilities. Those who use education to escape their disadvantaged circumstances become “mythical beings,” exceptions to class reproduction, and people increasingly focus on these exceptional cases of “success” and rely more on education (academic and cultural capital). Consequently, meritocratic education encourages educational omnipotence, excess, and waste. The key issue is that this notion of “exceptionality” discomforts those who have transitioned classes and those who have not, demanding self-sacrifice from the former and self-loathing from the latter. Meritocracy places responsibility on the individual concerning academic achievement, educational outcomes, or the possibility of class transition. In discussing sociocultural reproduction, Bourdieu approaches these non-reproductive exceptions of class transition at the individual level. Complementing Bourdieu’s discussions, Chantal Jaquet analyzes factors enabling class transition: ambition, imitation, socioeconomic conditions, emotions, placement, and environment. This study aligns with Jaquet’s work, exploring what meritocracy conceals, why education is not the sole driver of success, and what should be emphasized in education. This approach seeks to expand the discourse on meritocracy and provides a theoretical foundation for empirical studies on reproduction and non-reproduction.
Derivas do esport
Authors: Macedo Tarcízio
Published: July 2024

Este artigo debate questões relacionadas ao conceito e às histórias dos esports, mais especificamente sobre como são abordadas as atividades esportivas em videogames. A partir de três perspectivas gerais, discute-se o tumulto teórico e o privilégio epistêmico que sustenta a caracterização mais comum dos esports usada pela comunidade acadêmica. Argumenta-se que os modelos epistêmicos oriundos do Norte Global, baseados em histórias locais de movimentos profissionais e na evolução de um pequeno grupo em espaços hegemônicos, são insuficientes para dar sentido à diversidade das práticas e situações de jogos nos esports. Ao final, propõe-se uma definição que seja epistemicamente mais justa ao Sul.
MANAGING REPAIR COSTS AND RESTORATION OF CAR TIRES
Authors: Bulatov Sergey
Published: July 2024

The study objective is to minimize the cost of repairing car tires and their retreading. The paper task is to study the reliability (resource) on the example of tires of different vehicle categories (cars, trucks and buses), analyzing the factors affecting the service life of tires, their cost and the quality of repair and retreading. Experimental studies were conducted at one of the enterprises of motor transport with its own tire installation site using the method of monitoring and maintaining statistics on types of damage (cut, puncture, bulge, as well as retreading). The criterion of management technical efficiency is the dependence of the intensity of tire tread wear on the service life. The material and methods used in this paper are new, allowing to make recommendations for both road transport enterprises, car service stations, and for the tire manufacturer, taking into account all possible factors. Comprehensive management of the above costs helps the company achieve maximum effect in material and financial aspects.
Impact of Pulmonary Artery Banding in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Zhang Han , Li Gang , Li Qiangqiang , Zuo Yansong , Wang Qiang
Published: July 2024

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of the surgical approach in patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods: This was a retrospective clinical review of patients with congenital heart disease and PH who underwent pulmonary artery banding (PAB) at our institution between January 2013 and January 2023. Results: We identified 219 patients (53.4% males) with a median age of 7 (4.0–15.0) months and a median weight of 6.8 (5.2–9.0) kg at the time of PAB. The median hospital stay was 7.0 (5.0–10.0) days. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.6%. The median follow-up was 33.0 (17.0–61.0) months. Survival rates were 96.9 ± 2.5% at 60 months and 92.1 ± 6.9% at 120 months post-PAB. 43.8% of patients had a de-banding procedure, and 147 (79.0%) patients received a second-stage procedure (34.7% univentricular, 65.3% biventricular). The mortality rate between stages was 4.3%. 21 (9.6%) patients reached a third-stage procedure. The overall mortality rate was 9.1%. Conclusions: PAB is an acceptable strategy for patients with congenital heart disease complicated with PH. The results and outcomes of subsequent univentricular or biventricular procedures are generally good.
Comparison of Fractional Flow Reserve and Resting Full-Cycle Ratio in the Functional Assessment of Coronary Artery Stenosis in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Lei Yumeng , Jiang Mao , Liu Xu , Zhang Shuaiyong , Li Mengyao , Wang Yunfei , Chen Ming , Guo Nan , Liu Yongxing , Cao Xufen , Yan Liqiu
Published: July 2024

Background: This study investigated factors influencing discrepancies between fractional flow reserve (FFR) and resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) in the functional assessment of coronary artery stenosis in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods: We included 320 diseased vessels from 253 consecutive patients with NSTE-ACS. Vessels were categorized into four groups based on FFR ≤0.80 and RFR ≤0.89 thresholds: group 1 concordant negative (RFR–/FFR–), group 2 positive RFR and negative FFR (RFR+/FFR–), group 3 negative RFR and positive FFR (RFR–/FFR+), and group 4 concordant positive (RFR+/FFR+). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of diagnostic discrepancy between FFR and RFR. Results: Of the 320 diseased vessels, 182 (56.9%) were in group 1 (RFR–/FFR–), 33 (10.3%) in group 2 (RFR+/FFR–), 31 (9.7%) in group 3 (RFR–/FFR+), and 74 (23.1%) in group 4 (RFR+/FFR+). The concordance between FFR and RFR was 80.0%. Notably, left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesions exhibited significantly lower consistency compared to non-LAD lesions (p = 0.001), with distinct differences in FFR and RFR values between these groups (p < 0.001). The presence of a LAD lesion emerged as an independent predictor of diagnostic inconsistency between positive RFR and negative FFR measurements (p = 0.001). Conclusions: LAD involvement independently predicts diagnostic discrepancies between FFR and RFR in evaluating functional coronary artery stenosis in NSTE-ACS patients.
Book review: Ian Klinke: Life, Earth, Colony: Friedrich Ratzel’s Necropolitical Geography
Authors: Korf Benedikt
Published: July 2024

Klinke, Ian (2023): Life, Earth, Colony: Friedrich Ratzel’s Necropolitical Geography. University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor. 329 pp, 16 illus. ISBN: 978-0-472-05617-0 (paperback, $39.95), 978-0-472-90351-1 (open access), 978-0-472-07617-8 (hardcover, $85.00).
Stvarnopravni odnosi u pogledu zrakoplova s posebnim osvrtom na založno pravo – de lege lata i de lege ferenda
Authors: Vuleta Dean
Published: July 2024

Analiza odredaba trećeg dijela Zakona o obveznim i stvarnopravnim odnosima u zračnom prometu o stvarnopravnim odnosima u pogledu zrakoplova, posebno odredaba članaka 140. –166. Glave II. (založno pravo na zrakoplovu), dovodi do spoznaje o potrebi dodatne regulacije instituta založnog prava na zrakoplovu. Vidljive su određene nejasnoće i nedorečenosti u odredbama pojedinih članaka, pa su prijedlozi dopuna i izmjena prioritetno usmjereni na formalnopravni izričaj kojim bi se otklonili uočeni nedostaci. Po pitanju dobrovoljnog založnog prava (hipoteke) utvrđenog odredbama čl. 146. – 152., radi uspostavljanja potpunijeg i efikasnijeg pravnog odnosa između hipotekarnog vjerovnika i dužnika, prijedlozima dopuna i izmjena strankama hipotekarnog ugovora dale bi se šire ovlasti nego što ih imaju po trenutno važećim odredbama. U dijelu odredbi čl. 157. – 166. o zakonskom založnom pravu, prijedlozi dopuna i izmjena usmjereni su na utvrđivanje cjelovite i jasne klasifikacije zakonskih založnih tražbina na zrakoplovu, te na rješavanje nekih pravnih dvojbi. Tako uspostavljenom zakonskom regulativom brisali bi se članci koji u novim okolnostima gube pravni smisao. Dopune i izmjene odredbi Glave II. Zakona o obveznim i stvarnopravnim odnosima u zračnom prometu o založnom pravu na zrakoplovu potrebno je provesti po uzoru na zakonske odredbe poredbenog prava u pogledu zrakoplova i adekvatne cjelovito utvrđene materije Pomorskog zakonika o založnom pravu na brodu, jer su brod i zrakoplov globalno povezani sličnim imovinskopravnim karakteristikama i stvarnopravnom zakonodavnom regulativom.
Protection of elderly persons’ legal interests – reasons for and review of legal solutions
Authors: Balwicka-Szczyrba Małgorzata , Sylwestrzak Anna
Published: July 2024

This article outlines the subject of protective measures applied to safeguard the legitimate interests of elderly persons under the civil law system, as illustrated by regulations selected from European legal systems. With the ageing of societies come all the associated health consequences; therefore, it is necessary to introduce modern legislation to regulate this issue so that the rights of elderly persons, including their human rights, be protected. Decisive efforts should be made to discontinue the institution of incapacitation which is discriminatory against elderly persons involved in civil law transactions, and to replace it with a modern protective system.
Heroes and Events of Russian History in the Periodical Press of the Second Half of the 18th Century: on the Example of the Newspapers “St. Petersburg Vedomosti” and “Moscow Vedomosti”
Authors: Sosnitsky Dmitry
Published: July 2024

The study of the sources of construction of mass historical representations is one of the most important areas of modern Russian memory studies. This research analyzes the reflection of the events of Russian history on the pages of the newspapers “St. Petersburg Vedomosti” and “Moscow Vedomosti” during the second half of the 18th century. The most frequently mentioned heroes and events of Russian history are determined. Conclusions are drawn about the dependence of the content of newspapers on the state and social order.
Otkup zarobljenika u židovskom pravu – suočavanje s izazovima 21. stoljeća
Authors: Dadon Kotel
Published: July 2024

U članku se raspravlja o stavu židovskog prava prema bolnom problemu zarobljeništva. Nažalost, otmice Židova bile su aktualne kroz povijest i zbog toga su mudracima postavljana mnoga pitanja o problemu otkupa zarobljenika, posebno kada su otmičari tražili prevelik otkup. Tako je nastala opsežna rabinska literatura o ovoj temi. Prekomjerni zahtjevi otkupa za židovske taoce do današnjeg su dana okrutno oružje. Dok su u prošlosti od obitelji i zajednica tražena prekomjerna financijska sredstva, danas se Država Izrael suočava s prekomjernom cijenom otkupa u obliku oslobađanja velikog broja terorista. Članak je podijeljen u dva glavna dijela. Prvi dio analizira micvu otkupa zarobljenika i njezinu važnost u judaizmu. U ovoj se raspravi ispituju različiti talmudski propisi koje su mudraci izmijenili za slučajeve kada otmičari traže prevelik otkup te odredbe židovskoga prava o tomu. U drugom se dijelu članka istražuje stajališta židovskoga prava o praktičnim pitanjima otmica vojnika i civila od strane terorističkih organizacija, poput pitanja uključivanja u opasnu operaciju radi spašavanja talaca, statusa različitih dogovora s terorističkim organizacijama o oslobađanju terorista u zamjenu za oslobađanje talaca, otkupa osobe koja je zarobljena zbog svog nemarnog ponašanja i pitanja oslobađanja živih terorista u zamjenu za tijela poginulih osoba. Korišteno je više izvora iz rabinske literature od talmudskih vremena kroz srednji vijek do modernog doba, a velik dio te literature autor je prvi put preveo na hrvatski jezik s hebrejskoga i aramejskog.
Kreativnost u službi inkluzije
Authors: Kopčinović Svjetlana , Kovač Mario , Banković Branko , Demonja Damir
Published: July 2024

Aktivnosti izvedbenih umjetnosti dramskog i plesnog izražavanja s osobama s invaliditetom, točnije s osobama s intelektualnim teškoćama, kao posebno osjetljivom i marginaliziranom skupinom ljudi, u Republici Hrvatskoj intenziviraju se posljednjih godina. Međutim, ova tema nedovoljno je bila znanstveno i stručno istraživana. U ovome radu pokazat će se kako izvedbene umjetnosti dramskog i plesnog izražavanja iskoristiti u edukacijsko-rehabilitacijskoj praksi, odnosno u osnaživanju osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama u području razvoja samosvijesti i samozastupanja te u poticanju umjetnika za suradnju s osobama s intelektualnim teškoćama u stvaranju umjetničkog djela. Doprinos ostvarivanju ovih ciljeva prikazat će se kroz neposredno iskustvo uključivanja osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama u izvedbene umjetnosti, u proces stvaranja i javnog predstavljanja dvaju glazbeno-scenskih kolaža. Nakana je ovoga rada dati doprinos preusmjeravanju navedenih aktivnosti iz područja socijalne skrbi i povremenih društvenih projekata pojedinaca i nevladinih udruga u područja umjetnosti i kulture. To je važno zbog razumijevanja, prihvaćanja, podrške i implementiranja načela inkluzije u svakodnevnom životu osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama i svih onih s njima povezanih u interakciji na bilo koji način i u bilo kojem opsegu i intenzitetu.
A Study on Brotherhood in The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen and the Interpretation in Terms of International Relations
Authors: Lim Young ,   Asia-Europe Perspective Association
Published: July 2024

During the Vietnam War and later periods, the three male characters in Viet Thanh Nguyen's novel, The Sympathizer, have a strong brotherhood that prioritizes each other's safety while pursuing different political ideologies of liberalism and communism. Their brotherhood has many implications for the friendly international relations established between the countries, such as Vietnam, the United States, and South Korea, to The Vietnam War as well as at the time, as it extends to fraternity and humanity. This paper examines the implications of the brotherhood in which the male characters in Nguyen's hottest work, The Sympathizer, want to live together, focusing on international relations mostly after The Vietnam War. To this end, this paper first diagnoses the necessity of interpretation in terms of international relations theory by critically analyzing the general research trend and previous studies that explained brotherhood of this work. Next, after rereading the text focusing on brotherly love, the researcher reveals the fictitious nature of the international situation and political ideology during and after The Vietnam War, and then illuminates the meaning of brotherly love in the novel, and applies it to the situation at the time in terms of international relations. Contrary to the existing approaches, this study is especially meaningful in revealing that the friendship between the protagonist, who plays the role of intermediary, and his two friends, can be a peace ethics applicable to current international relations. In addition, this paper emphasizes the consensus on the painful history due to the foreign intervention of Western countries such as the United States and France, Communist forces of China and Russia, and the Empire of Japan. Finally, a follow-up study is expected to examine the implications of the phrase in which the protagonist vowed to live in the plural at the end of the novel.
A Comparative Study of Alcohol Images in Korean and Chinese Classical Poetry: Focusing on Lee Gyu-Bo and Tao Yuanming's Poetry
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Kang Deogje ,   Asia-Europe Perspective Association
Published: July 2024

This study comparatively analyzes the imagery of alcohol in classical Korean and Chinese poetry, focusing on the works of Lee Gyu-bo and Tao Yuanming, to examine the symbolic and cultural meanings of alcohol in their poems. Both poets used alcohol as a significant medium in their creative processes, expressing their life philosophies and emotions through it. In Tao Yuanming's poems, alcohol serves as a medium for seeking tranquility, transcendence, and self-consolation, reflecting his longing for nature and rural life and his critical perspective on society. Conversely, Lee Gyu-bo's poems are characterized by a romantic and bold tone, using alcohol to pursue a free and ideal life and to forget the hardships and pains of reality. This study analyzes Lee Gyu-bo and Tao Yuanming's poems in terms of their perception of alcohol, the natural elegance embedded in alcohol, and the pursuit of success and fame (ipsinyangmyeong) associated with alcohol. Both poets used alcohol to express their ideals and free spirit, with the imagery of alcohol in their poems reflecting the social and cultural backgrounds of their times. Through this comparative study, we can understand the cultural differences and commonalities in classical Korean and Chinese poetry and confirm the significant symbolic role of alcohol in poetry.
Relationship between Skin Management Actions and Skin Management Room Use and Skin Aging Awareness in Chinese Adult Women
Authors: Wang Yu , Kim Kyeongran ,   Asia-Europe Perspective Association
Published: July 2024

This study conducted an electronic survey using WeChat from March 19, 2024 to March 21, 2024, to verify the relationship between skin care behavior and awareness of skin aging according to skin care salon use among Chinese adult women. . The surveyed data were automatically coded in Excel program format using SPSS v. Frequency analysis was conducted using the 25.0 statistical package program, and Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated for factor analysis and reliability verification for skin aging awareness. To verify the difference, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed.
General characteristics, age range from 25 to 35 years old, whether married or not, final education in college (associate degree), occupation as a full-time worker, monthly average income less than 5000, skin type complex skin, skin problems with enlarged pores, lack of management and dietary habits due to skin aging, and the highest access to information is through the internet/mobile phone. As a living habit of preventing skin aging and skin management, strive to remove horniness, use sunscreen, and get enough sleep. The number of exercises is 1-2 times a week, without the use of facial mask. The average daily sleep time is 5-7 hours. The skin management method is to wash your face twice, use toner/lotion twice, and use anti-aging cosmetics from the age of 20 to 25. The type of cosmetics is water products, and anti-aging products are not used, because it is cumbersome.
In the understanding of skin aging based on skin management actions, the younger the age at the beginning of cosmetic use, the more aware the causes of skin aging, and the more important the skin management actions are, resulting in statistically significant differences. According to the usage of skin management, although there is no statistically significant difference in understanding skin aging, the higher the frequency of use in the skin management room, the lower the amount of management fees, and the more people who answer the need to improve the causes and understanding of skin aging.
Does Protest Affect Bystanders? Field Experimental Evidence from Germany
Authors: Haas Violeta Ines , Wappenhans Tim , Geissler Ferdinand , Hartmann Felix , Bischof Daniel , Giesecke Johannes , Humphreys Macartan , Klüver Heike , Stoetzer Lukas
Published: July 2024

Do protests matter? Only a handful of studies convincingly test causal claims about protests' effects on politics, which is crucial when studying the actual impact of protests. There is a gap in empirical research capable of testing causal claims about protests and the detailed micro-foundations of the theoretical mechanisms developed in protest research. We attempt to address this by designing and conducting a large-scale field experiment, randomly assigning citizens to observe climate strikes by Fridays for Future (FFF) in Berlin, Germany. Theoretically, we argue that observing political protest serves as a visible cue that conveys summary information about societal attitudes and behaviors, creating the impression of shifting public opinion and social norms. We find that while bystanders adapt their actual behavior in favour of protesters' demands, their attitudes and social norm perceptions remain largely unchanged. These findings fill an important gap in the literature by unveiling the mechanisms through which protests translate into shifts in political outcomes.
Everything Everywhere All At Once: Mapping Lay Beliefs about Self-Control
Authors: Li Jinyao , Gillebaart Marleen , van Timmeren Tim , De Ridder Denise
Published: July 2024

Lay beliefs about self-control, such as beliefs about whether self-control is a limited or unlimited resource, may affect people’s self-control exertion, yet, a systematic understanding of these beliefs is lacking. To comprehensively map these beliefs, we conducted two cross-cultural studies in the United States, the Netherlands, and China. In Study 1 (N = 150), we directly asked participants how they viewed self-control, while in Study 2 (N = 150), we asked participants to imagine themselves in everyday self-control scenarios and to describe their thoughts during those self-control conflicts. Based on these responses, we identified 14 components of self-control beliefs (Study 1), which were commonly mentioned by people in daily self-control conflicts (Study 2). These beliefs show an emphasis on difficulty, commitment, and discipline of self-control, as compared to the limited resources perspective that is more common in academic understandings of self-control. Findings provide a comprehensive overview of people's lay beliefs about self-control, and stresses the importance of understanding such beliefs.
Synthetic Control Methods for Proportions
Authors: Bogatyrev Konstantin , Stoetzer Lukas
Published: July 2024

Synthetic control methods are extensively utilized in political science for estimating counterfactual outcomes in case studies and difference-in-differences settings, often applied to model counterfactual proportional data. However, the conventional synthetic control methods are designed for univariate outcomes, leading researchers to model counterfactuals for each proportion separately. This paper introduces an extension, proposing a method to simultaneously handle multivariate proportional outcomes. Our approach establishes constant control comparisons by using the same weights for each proportion, improving comparability while adhering to treatment constraints. Results from a simulation study and the application of our method to data from a recently published article on campaign effects in the 2019 Spanish general election underscore the benefits of accounting for the interplay of proportional outcomes. This advancement extends the validity and reliability of synthetic control estimates to common outcomes in political science.
Cosmic Channel Capacity: Extending the Shannon Limit to Universal Scales
Authors: Nye Logan
Published: July 2024

Shannon's Channel Capacity, a foundational concept in classical information theory, establishes the fundamental constraints on information transmission through classical channels. This paper extends Shannon’s seminal work to cosmic scales, integrating quantum and gravitational effects to formulate a novel framework for "cosmic channel capacity." This framework addresses the unique challenges associated with information processing and transmission across vast cosmic distances and within extreme gravitational environments. Our principal contributions are: (1) a generalized formula for cosmic channel capacity that incorporates quantum entanglement and spacetime curvature; (2) modified limits on information transmission in the presence of black holes and the expanding universe; and (3) identification of potential observational signatures in gravitational waves and anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. This comprehensive approach enhances our understanding of the fundamental limits of information processing and transmission in the universe, with significant implications for quantum gravity, cosmology, and the intrinsic nature of information.
New Data, New Directions: A Commentary on Emerging Big Geospatial Data for Population Research.
Authors: Campbell Malcolm
Published: July 2024

This commentary primarily discusses new data sources featuring fine grained spatio-temporal data that have emerged in recent years from a variety of sources that previously did not exist or that were not easily accessible either from public or commercial entities. The focus here is on mobile phone location data (MPLD) as one avenue for potential new directions that have emerged and become increasingly relevant to a constellation of thematic areas across population research. I also discuss how new data sources, principally MPLD, aid in addressing some of the longstanding challenges and limitations of existing secondary data sources, while simultaneously creating both opportunities and limitations for researchers.Furthermore, a discussion of some salient potential applications and pitfalls of big geospatial data are articulated when these are applied to population research internationally, but also in Aotearoa New Zealand. It could be argued that there is an explicit challenge to the longstanding conceptualisation of static residence-based measures applied to a range of thematic areas across population research, such as understanding movement or migration. We further posit that it is timely to (re)consider the role that big geospatial data, specifically MPLD, plays in understanding central questions in both geography and demography, such as where, when and why do people move?It can be demonstrated that there is a wealth of big geospatial data that now can be exploited leading to opportunities for better understanding of the dynamic processes related to people and places. It could be argued that it is time for a more fulsome engagement with MPLD and other big geospatial data sets and techniques to grapple with both the opportunities and challenges for understanding population dynamics, as well as the patterns and processes that give rise to inequalities and inequities between people and places in Aotearoa New Zealand and further afield.
Constraining Earth Properties using Deterministic Backus-Gilbert Inferences
Authors: Mag Adrian Marin , Zaroli Christophe , Koelemeijer Paula
Published: July 2024

Seismic tomography is routinely used to image the Earth’s interior using seismic data. However, in practice, data limitations lead to discretised inversions or the use of regularisations, which complicates tomographic model interpretations. In contrast, Backus-Gilbert methods make it possible to infer properties of the true Earth, providing useful insights into the internal structure of our planet. Here, we show how in the absence of data uncertainties the Backus-Gilbert-based SOLA method can be utilised as a deterministic linear inference (DLI) method to derive a new method: SOLA-DLI. SOLA-DLI enables us to interpret results through the target kernels, rather than the imperfect resolving kernels. This also allows us to build families of models, rather than just properties. These advantages are illustrated in this contribution using three case studies. In the first, we illustrate how properties such as various local averages and gradients can be obtained, including associated bounds on these properties and resolution information. Our second case study shows how trade-offs between physical parameters are naturally included in SOLA-DLI, which is particularly relevant to inferences of Earth structure using normal- mode data. Using our final case study, we demonstrate that SOLA-DLI can be utilised to obtain the coefficients of basis function expansions, which leads to discretised models with specific advantages compared to classical least-squares solutions. This publication is accompanied by a SOLA-DLI software package that allows the interested reader to reproduce our results and to utilise the method for their own research.
Employing Bayesian Inference Models to Bolster The Robustness of Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Doe Jane , Thorson Erik , Smith John
Published: July 2024

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become critical in the realm of node classification tasks. Nevertheless, they exhibit significant vulnerabilities to adversarial perturbations, such as adversarial attacks. Traditional approaches attempt to address this issue but have various shortcomings. For example, Bayesian approaches may suffer slow convergence during inference. To solve this issue, in this study, we leverage Bayesian methods to enhance the robustness of GNNs. Specifically, we propose a novel framework, named RobustGraph, that integrates Bayesian methods to defend GNNs on perturbed graphs. Our empirical results demonstrate that our framework can substantially outperform competing models in classification tasks.
A Qualitative Study with Primary Care Providers: Barriers and Facilitators in Cognitive Care Planning
Authors: Britt Katherine , Xiao Xaviera , Sun Kevin , Ge Shaoqing , Huang Bin
Published: July 2024

With a growing aging cognitive impairment and dementia population and with no present cure, there is an increased focus on improving quality of life and health while decreasing disease burden and hospitalization. An effective way to support this focus is through cognitive care planning: routinely and systematically assessing patient needs while documenting personalized recommendations to address neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive symptoms, functional limitations, and care resources. While beneficial and reimbursable, cognitive care planning remains underutilized.By adopting a descriptive qualitative approach, we conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with nine primary care providers (seven identified as male; two identified as Asian American; work experience ranged from 8 to 38 years) who were actively providing care to older adults, including those with cognitive impairment and dementia in the Pacific Northwest area. Data were analyzed through content analysis. Seven categories of barriers and facilitators informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) were constructed from the interviews: (a) caregiver characteristics, (b) organization characteristics, (c) patient characteristics, (d) provider characteristics, (e) condition characteristics, (f) workflow, and (g) outer setting. Primary care providers described the barriers and facilitators experienced in cognitive care planning with patients. Primary care demands, time limitations, patient willingness, caregiver and family presence, lack of care planning structure, and uncertainty influence the implementation of cognitive care planning. These findings can help providers and clinical care teams support older adults with cognitive impairment and dementia and their caregivers facing a progressive illness.
Thinking Beyond RVCN: Addressing the Complexity of Replication Target Selection
Authors: Pittelkow Merle-Marie , Field Sarahanne Miranda , van Ravenzwaaij Don
Published: July 2024

Isager, van ’t Veer and Lakens (2021) proposed a quantitative operationalization of replication value (denoted RVCN), using average yearly citation count and sample size as proxies for value and uncertainty, respectively. In this commentary, we suggest that the approach of Isager et al., while a good theoretical departure point, oversimplifies the complex decision-making process that underpins replication target selection in practice. We present what we view as some issues with RVCN, notably the use of citation count and ambiguity as to whether RVCN is prescriptive or descriptive. We also present preliminary empirical evidence that RVCN diverges on its performance as a replication target selection method, compared with existing selection methods (such as those published by us in the past). We conclude with the recommendation that going forward, approaches should emphasize the multifaceted nature of replication target selection to maximize their practical utility.
Venting makes people prefer—and preferentially support—us over those we vent about
Authors: Krems Jaimie , Merrie Laureon , Rodriguez Nina , Williams Keelah
Published: July 2024

People vent, as when airing grievances about one mutual friend to another. Contrary to a Freudian account, such social venting does not alleviate anger. So, what function might it serve? That people bestow more and more likely support on relatively better-liked friends—support which is associated with greater health, happiness, and economic mobility—highlights a largely overlooked challenge in social groups: competing within the group for certain group members’ affections and support. Social venting might be one effective tool for meeting this challenge. We test this—and also compare venting’s efficacy with other forms of communication, including a well-studied tactic of partner competition (competitor derogation). In six experiments with U.S. CloudResearch participants (N=1,723), venting causes listeners (people vented to) to prefer venters over targets (people vented about) and to preferentially benefit better-liked venters over targets in a modified Dictator Game. By obscuring the venters’ intent to aggress against the target, venting might communicate target-harming information in a way that buffers venters from being perceived unfavorably. Effective venting might thus manipulate listeners’ attitudes and behavior in venters’ favor.
Valence, Arousal, and Dominance in Hip-Hop Lyrics Across Time
Authors: Gonzalez Leo , Dykeman Cass
Published: July 2024

Hip-Hop (HH) lyrics provide insight into the experiences of people of color. This study analyzed valence, arousal, and dominance levels in mainstream HH song lyrics from 1993–2022 to determine trends. A corpus of 450 songs was compiled and analyzed using sentiment analysis. Results showed medium overall valence, arousal, and dominance levels in HH lyrics. Valence and dominance decreased over time while arousal increased. The trends likely relate to factors such as commercialization, regional changes in HH, and societal shifts. The findings contradict stereotypes of HH as only negative. Clinically, familiarity with HH lyrics can enhance counselors' multicultural awareness, inform discussions about masculinity and vulnerability, and normalize mental health issues. This innovative linguistic analysis of mainstream HH lyrics provides a nuanced perspective of affective processes over time. Further qualitative research on sociocultural factors influencing themes in lyrics is recommended.
Foundational Models for Personalised Mental Health
Authors: Tan Geoffrey Chern-Yee , Wang Beverly Zhiyu , Tan Hong Ming , Pe Laurence S. , Yuen Alvin Keen Peng , Mu Yuguang , Lee Bernett , Huixian Sharon Lu , Tan Ethel Siew Ee , Fong Kah Vui , Keppo Jussi , Goh Han Leong
Published: July 2024

Mental health disorders are heterogenous in presentation and treatment response. For example, only one third of patients started on an antidepressant will achieve remission and each trial of medication can take several weeks. Additionally side effects and the development of chronic conditions such as diabetes or high cholesterol are common. We discuss the potential application of foundation models as developed from electronic medical records (EMRs), large language models (LLMs) and for pharmacogenetics drawing potential links and applications in mental health. In terms of EMRs, the concept of a patient representation has been used across applications such as disease prediction and personalised treatment. These approaches have been applied in mental health to label diseases such as depression and bipolar disorder as well as to predict suicide in risk assessment. We discuss a range of applications for LLMs, from supporting the preprocessing of EMRs for FEMRs, therapy support through transcription and assessment and patient monitoring, and psychoeducation. We discuss the potential applications of biomedical foundation models to precision medicine with pharmacogenetics. Finally, we touch on ways of integrating broad sources of data and outputs from various models.