bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ganglioneuroma: a rare appendiceal tumour – case report and literature review
Authors: Quinn Rakesh , Ellis-Clark Jodie
Published: December 2024

Ganglioneuromas (GN) are tumours of ectodermal origin, derived from the neural crest cells. Appendiceal GN are extremely rare, with only eight contemporary case reports in the literature. Being benign and indolent, the necessity of resection for GNs is often debated. However, obtaining tissue to confirm the diagnosis can be challenging, frequently leading to surgical resection. We present a case of an 85-year-old male with an enlarging appendiceal nodule diagnosed endoscopically. Further investigation with computed tomography (CT) scan failed to define the pathology. A laparoscopic appendicectomy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of appendiceal GN.
Neutral fraction of hydrogen in the intergalactic medium surrounding high-redshift gamma-ray burst 210905A
Authors: Fausey H M , Vejlgaard S , van der Horst A J , Heintz K E , Izzo L , Malesani D B , Wiersema K , Fynbo J P U , Tanvir N R , Vergani S D , Saccardi A , Rossi A , Campana S , Covino S , D’Elia V , De Pasquale M , Hartmann D , Jakobsson P , Kouveliotou C , Levan A , Martin-Carrillo A , Melandri A , Palmerio J , Pugliese G , Salvaterra R
Published: December 2024

The Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is a key period of cosmological history in which the intergalactic medium (IGM) underwent a major phase change from being neutral to almost completely ionized. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are luminous and unique probes of their environments that can be used to study the timeline for the progression of the EoR. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope X-shooter spectrum of GRB 210905A, which resides at a redshift of $z\sim 6.3$. We focus on estimating the fraction of neutral hydrogen, $x_{\rm H \, {\small I}}$, on the line of sight to the host galaxy of GRB 210905A by fitting the shape of the Lyman-$\alpha$ damping wing of the afterglow spectrum. The X-shooter spectrum has a high signal-to-noise ratio, but the complex velocity structure of the host galaxy limits the precision of our conclusions. The statistically preferred model suggests a low neutral fraction with a 3$\sigma$ upper limit of $x_{\rm H \, {\small I}} \lesssim 0.15$ or $x_{\rm H \, {\small I}} \lesssim 0.23$, depending on the absence or presence of an ionized bubble around the GRB host galaxy, indicating that the IGM around the GRB host galaxy is mostly ionized. We discuss complications in current analyses and potential avenues for future studies of the progression of the EoR and its evolution with redshift.
Development of the serotonin release assay with enterochromaffin cell-rich human intestinal organoids for the risk evaluation of drug-induced emesis
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshiki , Maeda Kazuya , Shimomura Osamu , Miyazaki Yoshihiro , Hashimoto Shinji , Oda Tatsuya , Kusuhara Hiroyuki
Published: December 2024

Drug-induced emesis is one of the major symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity. Preclinical risk assessment of emesis has been challenging owing to the lack of suitable animal models or in vitro assay systems. One of the triggers of emesis is an excessive serotonin (5-HT) release from enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the intestinal tract, which activates the vomiting center in the brain stem and elicits the vomiting reflex. Here, we propose a 5-HT release assay using human jejunal organoids that are preferentially differentiated into EC cells. In this assay, EC cell-rich organoids were stimulated with emetic risk drugs, and 5-HT release into the media was quantified, along with cellular ATP level and LDH leakage. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been reported to exhibit different probabilities of emesis in clinical settings. We demonstrated that 5-HT release from EC cell-rich organoids could qualitatively distinguish between drugs with high or low emetic risk. The results indicated that 5-HT release by ALK/ROS1-TKIs tended to occur prior to the onset of LDH leakage from EC cell-rich organoids, suggesting that 5-HT release was not simply a result of cell bursting. Epidermal growth factor receptor TKIs exhibit a lower potency for inducing 5-HT release, which is consistent with their low emetic risk. In summary, the use of EC cell-rich organoids in 5-HT release assays may prove to be a valuable tool in predicting drug-induced emesis in humans during drug development.
A nitrogen-metabolism inhibitor NmrA regulates conidial production, melanin synthesis and virulence in phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Xiao Qi , Zhang Leyuan , Xu Xueping , Dai Renyu , Tan Yingqing , Li Xianbi , Jin Dan , Fan Yanhua
Published: December 2024

NmrA homologs have been reported as conserved regulators of the nitrogen metabolite repression (NMR) in various fungi. Here, we identified a NmrA homolog in Verticillium dahliae and reported its functions in nitrogen utilization, growth and development, and pathogenesis. VdNmrA interacts with V. dahliae AreA protein and regulates the expression of a typical NCR target, the formamidase gene. VdNmrA deletion mutants exhibited significantly slower colony growth on media with Gln or Arg. Furthermore, VdNmrA deletion impaired hyphal growth, spore production, hyperosmotic stress tolerance, and melanin biosynthesis. Less ROS was produced in VdNmrA mutants, and the NADPH oxidase genes noxA and noxB showed lowered expression level compared to the wild type. VdNmrA mutants exhibited reduced virulence on cotton and Arabidopsis compared with wild type strains. Our results indicated that VdNmrA functioned as an NMR repressor and played important roles in nutrient utilization, fungal development, stress tolerance and pathogenicity in V. dahliae.
Obesity Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Patients Undergoing Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: McCloskey Colin G. , Hatton Kevin W. , Furfaro David , Engoren Milo
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

To determine the relationship between all-cause hospital mortality and morbidity in patients treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and to assess whether this relationship is mediated via body mass index (BMI).

Design:

Using the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry, venoarterial ECMO runs from 2015 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient demographics, ECMO indications, and complications for survivors and decedents were univariately compared. Logistic regression with fractional polynomials was used to estimate the relationship between BMI and both mortality and complications in venoarterial ECMO patients.

Setting:

Contributing centers to the ELSO ECMO registry.

Patients:

Patients that underwent venoarterial ECMO at an ELSO contributing ECMO center.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

Twenty-two thousand eight hundred twenty-five venoarterial ECMO runs met inclusion criteria for analysis. The mean BMI for survivors was 28.4 ± 6.5 vs. 29.5 ± 6.9 kg/m2 for decedents. BMI was significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.001), with the proportion of patients dying increasing with increasing BMI: 47% of underweight patients died, increasing to 50% for the normal range, to 53%, 56%, 58%, and 65% for preobese, class 1, class 2, and class 3 obese patients, respectively. Relative to a BMI of 25, a BMI of 35 had an odds ratio (OR) of death of 1.15 (1.09–1.18), and a BMI of 45 an OR of 1.46 (1.25–1.57). BMI was significantly associated with increased mechanical and renal complications, but decreased pulmonary complications.

Conclusions:

In patients undergoing venoarterial ECMO, increasing BMI was associated with increasing all-cause mortality and mechanical and renal complications.
CAR-based cell therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wang Yiyang , Lu Liangjing , Ye Shuang , Fu Qiong
Published: December 2024

The remarkable efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in hematological malignancies has provided a solid basis for the therapeutic concept, wherein specific pathogenic cell populations can be eradicated by means of targeted recognition. During the past few years, CAR-based cell therapies have been extensively investigated in preclinical and clinical research across various non-tumor diseases, with particular emphasis in the treatment of autoimmune diseases (ADs), yielding significant advancements. The recent deployment of CD19-directed CAR T cells has induced long-lasting, drug-free remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other systemic AD, alongside a more profound immune reconstruction of B cell repertoire compared with conventional immunosuppressive agents and B cell-targeting biologics. Despite the initial success achieved by CAR T cell therapy, it is critical to acknowledge the divergences in its application between cancer and AD. Through examining recent clinical studies and ongoing research, we highlight the transformative potential of this therapeutic approach in the treatment of SLE, while also addressing the challenges and future directions necessary to enhance the long-term efficacy and safety of CAR-based cell therapies in clinical practice.
Portal vein pulsatility is associated with the cumulative fluid balance
Authors: Andrei Stefan , Longrois Dan , Nguyen Maxime , Bouhemad Belaid , Guinot Pierre-Gregoire
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have explored tools for evaluating the effects of positive fluid balance, with recent emphasis, and controversies, on venous ultrasound parameters and composite scores. The portal vein pulsatility index and the renal venous pattern have emerged as the most promising indicators of volume-induced venous congestion. But in the general intensive care unit (ICU), numerous factors influence cardiovascular homeostasis, affecting venous function.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with portal vein pulsatility index in general ICU patients. Secondary objectives were to examine the correlations between pulsatility index and additional markers of congestion.

DESIGN

This exploratory study was a post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicentric, observational database.

SETTING

The data collection was performed in four ICUs in university-affiliated or tertiary hospitals.

PATIENTS

This study included adult patients within 24 h of general ICU admission with an expected ICU length of stay of more than 2 days.

INTERVENTION

Patients underwent clinical, biological, and echocardiographic assessments at several times: ICU admission, day 1, day 2, day 5 and the last day of ICU.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE

The study primary endpoint was the portal vein pulsatility index during the course of the patients’ stay on the ICU.

RESULTS

One hundred forty-five patients and 514 haemodynamic evaluations were analysed. The mean age of the patients was 64 ± 15 years, 41% were women, with a median [IQR] admission simplified acute physiology score II of 46 [37 to 59]. The univariable followed by multivariable mixed-effects linear regression analyses demonstrated an association between portal vein pulsatility index, heart rate [estimate −0.002 (95% CI, −0.003 to −0.001), P < 0.001] and the cumulative fluid balance [estimate 0.0007 (95% CI, 0.00007 to 0.001), P = 0.024]. Portal vein pulsatility index showed no agreement with CVP of at least 12 mmHg (kappa correlation −0.008, P = 0.811), negative passive leg raising (kappa correlation −0.036, P = 0.430), mean inferior vena caval (IVC) diameter greater than 2 cm (kappa correlation −0.090, P = 0.025), maximal IVC diameter greater than 2 cm (kappa correlation −0.010, P = 0.835), hepatic vein systolic/diastolic ratio less than 1 (kappa correlation 0.043, P = 0.276), or renal vein pulsatile pattern (kappa correlation −0.243, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The study findings emphasise the unique sensitivity of portal vein pulsatility index in assessing fluid balance in general ICU patients. The lack of correlation between portal vein pulsatility index and other parameters of venous congestion underscores its potential to provide distinctive insights into venous congestion.
Determination of 31 Antimicrobials in Human Serum Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography With Diode Array Detection for Application in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: El-Haffaf Ibrahim , El Hassani Mehdi , Marsot Amélie
Published: December 2024

Background:

A versatile ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection was developed to quantify a wide range of antibiotics in human serum. This method addresses the need for rapid and accurate determination of antibiotic levels to ensure effective patient treatment and support the fight against antibiotic resistance.

Methods:

This method assesses 31 different compounds covering β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, antifungals, antituberculars, and more. Proteins were precipitated using methanol or acetonitrile, and drugs were extracted by liquid–liquid extraction with dichloromethane. Separation of the antimicrobials was achieved on a pentafluorophenyl column, using a mobile phase of phosphoric acid (0.01 mol/L) and acetonitrile in a gradient elution mode, with a flow rate of 500 μL/min.

Results:

Almost all compounds were detected at 200 nm. The total analysis time for this method was kept under 18 minutes, including equilibration time.

Conclusions:

This efficient method enables fast determination of numerous antimicrobial classes, providing clinicians with an essential tool for ensuring effective patient treatment and combating antimicrobial resistance.
Lamotrigine Use in Lactating Women: Passage into Breast Milk and Infant Exposure: Grand Round/A Case Study
Authors: den Besten-Bertholee Daphne , Wegner Ilse , Touw Daan J. , Horst Peter G. J. , Mian Paola
Published: December 2024

Background:

Lamotrigine, an antiseizure medication used for epilepsy and bipolar disorders, is often prescribed to women of childbearing age due to relatively low teratogenic risk. It is known that lamotrigine use in lactation leads to detectable concentrations in breast milk, although concentrations vary significantly among individuals.

Case Presentation:

A 35-year-old pregnant woman with epilepsy presented to our outpatient clinic. She was seizure-free and was taking lamotrigine 200 mg once daily. She is highly motivated to breastfeed her baby after birth but is concerned about the infant's exposure to lamotrigine through lactation. Lamotrigine concentrations were measured in both the breast milk and plasma of the suckling infants.

Conclusions:

Although lamotrigine is excreted into breast milk, and detectable in infants, the benefits of breastfeeding should not be overlooked. Higher plasma concentrations generally lead to higher breast milk concentrations, so aiming for the lowest possible maternal plasma levels is beneficial. These findings underscore the importance of TDM in this population.
Mycoplasma hominis–Associated Septic Arthritis Masquerading as Gouty Arthritis
Authors: Liddy Angelina , Kramer Carolyn , Weber Devin M.
Published: December 2024

Septic arthritis caused by M. hominis is exceptionally rare. Here, we report on a 62-year-old man with a medical history of gout and renal cell carcinoma who presented with persistent knee pain and swelling following partial nephrectomy complicated by an abdominal abscess. Arthrocentesis revealed monosodium urate crystals, leading to the initial diagnosis and treatment of gouty arthritis using intra-articular steroid injections, allopurinol, and colchicine. Initial cultures yielded no growth. However, faint transparent colonies grew after discharge, which were eventually identified as M. hominis. Initial antibacterial therapy targeting suspect Mycoplasma spp. was begun with doxycycline, and the patient ultimately completed 12 weeks of doxycycline and clindamycin with cure. This case underscores the importance of maintaining clinical suspicion for fastidious organisms when faced with persistent clinical symptoms without an identifiable organism and highlights a rare clinical presentation of M. hominis.
Reducing the Duration to Reach Full Enteral and Oral Feeding Volumes for Very Preterm and Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Mo Yu Ying , Chen Jing Jing , He Wan Xiang
Published: December 2024

Background: Enteral and oral feeding are crucial for infants with a gestational age <32 weeks during hospitalization, with potential for improved outcomes through optimized feeding practices. Purpose: To shorten the time to achieve full enteral and oral feeding volumes in infants with a gestational age <32 weeks. Methods: This pre-post-intervention study focused on patients with a gestational age <32 weeks in Shenzhen City, 44 bed NICU. Quality improvement interventions included workflow enhancements, breastfeeding education, and oral motor strategies. Analysis of feeding times and hospital stays was conducted using SPSS software, alongside a provider survey to project feasibility. Results: Statistical significant improvements were seen in full enteral feeding time for infants under 28 weeks gestation and full oral feeding time for those between 28 and 30 weeks. Length of stay did not show significant differences between period. Providers unanimously found the intervention feasible and acceptable. Implications: Quality improvement interventions can expedite achievement of full feeding volumes in preterm infants, with potential for enhanced feeding outcomes.
Evaluating the Benefits of Endocervical Curettage in Women Infected With HPV16/18
Authors: Chen Yusha , Li Suyu , Chen Jiancui , Xue Huifeng , Zheng Xiangqin , Pan Diling
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study evaluates the effectiveness of endocervical curettage (ECC) in detecting additional high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+) in women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, which may be missed by biopsy alone.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study analyzed the medical records of 4,811 women referred for colposcopy due to HPV16/18 infection from January 2019 to December 2023. Patients underwent both biopsy and ECC. Statistical comparisons of various clinical factors between HSIL+ and low-grade or normal lesions were performed using χ2 tests and logistic regression analyses, with stratified analysis to determine ECC's additional detection rate under different clinical conditions.

Results

Endocervical curettage detected an additional 6.46% of HSIL+ lesions missed by biopsy alone, with the highest rates in women with normal colposcopic impressions (23.1%), those aged 50 or older (12%), type 3 transformation zones (9.5%), and postmenopausal women (11.9%). In contrast, younger women under 30 and those with type 1 or 2 transformation zones had significantly lower detection rates (2.9%). Logistic regression indicated that older age, type 3 transformation zone, higher grade cytological results, and abnormal colposcopic impressions are significant risk factors for HSIL+ detection via ECC (p < .001).

Conclusions

Data from this study indicate that ECC would be beneficial for women over 30 with HPV16/18 infections, particularly those with type 3 transformation zones or normal colposcopy, as it enhances HSIL+ detection. However, it offers minimal benefit for younger women or those with type 1 or 2 transformation zones.
Closed-Loop Automated Control System of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Left Ventricular Assist Device Support in Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Unoki Takashi , Uemura Kazunori , Yokota Shohei , Matsushita Hiroki , Kakuuchi Midori , Morita Hidetaka , Sato Kei , Yoshida Yuki , Sasaki Kazumasu , Kataoka Yasuyuki , Nishikawa Takuya , Fukumitsu Masafumi , Kawada Toru , Sunagawa Kenji , Alexander Joe , Saku Keita
Published: December 2024

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) benefits patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) but can increase left ventricular afterload and exacerbate pulmonary edema. Adding a percutaneous left ventricular assist device (LVAD) to VA-ECMO can optimize the hemodynamics. Because managing VA-ECMO and LVAD simultaneously is complex and labor-intensive, we developed a closed-loop automated control system for VA-ECMO and LVAD. Based on the circulatory equilibrium framework, this system automatically adjusts VA-ECMO and LVAD flows and cardiovascular drug and fluid dosages to achieve target arterial pressure (AP, 70 mm Hg), left atrial pressure (P
LA, 14 mm Hg), and total systemic flow (F
total, 120–140 ml/min/kg). In seven anesthetized dogs with CS, VA-ECMO significantly increased AP and P
LA from 24 (23–27) to 71 (63–77) mm Hg and 20.1 (16.3–22.1) to 43.0 (25.7–51.4) mm Hg, respectively. Upon system activation, P
LA was promptly reduced. At 60 min postactivation, the system-controlled AP to 69 (65–74) mm Hg, P
LA to 12.5 (12.0–13.4) mm Hg, and F
total to 117 (114–132) ml/min/kg while adjusting VA-ECMO flow to 59 (12–60) ml/min/kg, LVAD flow to 68 (54–78) ml/min/kg, and cardiovascular drug and fluid dosages. This system automatically optimizes VA-ECMO and LVAD hemodynamics, making it an attractive tool for rescuing patients with CS.
“I Cannot Walk Far or Go Anywhere”: The Experience of Lower Limb Lymphedema Among Women With Gynecological Cancer
Authors: Hsu Yu-Yun , Liang Pei-Chi , Hsu Chia-Fang , Liu Chia-Yu , Ho Chien-Liang , Hsu Keng-Fu
Published: December 2024

Background

Lower limb lymphedema (LLL) significantly impacts the quality of life in women who have undergone gynecological cancer surgery, limiting their physical activities, household chores, and social interactions. Despite its prevalence, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the lived experiences of these women.

Objective

To explore the experiences of LLL in Taiwanese women following gynecological cancer surgery.

Methods

Using a qualitative, descriptive design, 12 Taiwanese participants aged between 48 and 74 years who had LLL after gynecological cancer surgery were interviewed. Interview data were analyzed using inductive content analysis to identify key themes and subthemes.

Results

Four main themes and 13 subthemes emerged from the data: lacking awareness and vigilance, suffering from lymphedema, adapting to body image changes, and self-managing everyday life. These themes illustrate the extensive physical, psychological, and social challenges faced by the participants.

Conclusion

Findings depict the profound impact of LLL on daily life among Taiwanese women after gynecological cancer surgery. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive care that addresses the multifaceted challenges posed by lymphedema.

Implication for Practice

Oncology healthcare providers should integrate education and symptom management skills about lymphedema into patient care. In addition, there is an urgent need for accessible lymphedema care resources to support these women.
The Missing Link: Hepatitis C Linkage to Care through a Public Sexual Health Clinic
Authors: Dileepan Amirtha , Alderton Lucy , Obafemi Oluyomi , Rowan Sarah E. , Wendel Karen A.
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates hepatitis C testing and referral for treatment among patients attending a public sexual health clinic. In patients with hepatitis C infection, progression from linkage to care to sustained virologic response was low. Innovative approaches are needed to optimally integrate hepatitis C care in sexual health clinics.
Bioinformatics analysis of the association between miR-942-5p–induced downregulation of PIEZO-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 and poor prognosis in non–small cell lung cancer mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway signaling pathway
Authors: Duan Lingdi , Zhao Min , Wei Hongquan , Dong Wei , Bi Xiaomin , Ang Lin , Zhang Shan
Published: December 2024

Background

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignant tumor with an increasing incidence. PIEZO-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1) is a mechanosensitive ion channel whose expression has been implicated in various cancers. However, its expression patterns, prognostic implications, and specific molecular mechanisms of action in NSCLC remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the expression profile of PIEZO1 in NSCLC in vitro and using bioinformatics analyses.

Methods

To determine the expression profile of PIEZO1 in normal and cancerous human tissues and the mRNA expression of PIEZO1 in NSCLC, we analyzed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Various bioinformatics analyses were performed for correlation analyses, construction of survival curves, and identification of upstream mRNA targets and genes coexpressed with PIEZO1. Furthermore, the coexpressed genes were functionally annotated with Gene Ontology and subjected to pathway enrichment analyses. Additionally, we analyzed and compared PIEZO1 expression in normal and cancerous human tissue samples in vitro.

Results

NSCLC tissue samples had lower PIEZO1 expression than adjacent tissues. PIEZO1 overexpression inhibited NSCLC progression and cell migration and correlated with improved survival outcomes, as revealed by bioinformatics analyses. Additionally, analysis using the OncomiR database revealed that miR-942-5p upregulation contributed to the downregulation of PIEZO1 in NSCLC. Mechanistic investigations suggested that PIEZO1 modulates NSCLC by regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, particularly by targeting FLNA, RRAS, and MAP3K6. Bioinformatics analyses highlighted the potential of PIEZO1 as a therapeutic target and prognostic indicator of NSCLC.

Conclusions

These novel findings reveal the expression profile of PIEZO1 in NSCLC and highlight the potential of PIEZO1 and miR-942-5p as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of NSCLC and other cancer types.
Immature PIT1-lineage Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors/Adenomas, a Morphologically Unique Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors/Adenomas Commonly With Cytologic Atypia Features and a Predilection for Aggressive Clinical Potential
Authors: Lang Yuejiao , Guo Shaolei , Tuo Ying , Tian Tian , Wang Yuefeng , Li Qiming , Chen Yingqian , Chen Wenli , Zhu Yonghong , Liu Dawei
Published: December 2024

Immature PIT1-lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs)/adenomas (Immature PIT1-lineage tumors) are a rare and underrecognized subtype of PitNETs that exhibits distinct cytologic atypia features and aggressive clinical potential. This study characterizes the clinical, radiological, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of 15 immature PIT1-lineage tumors identified from 1084 PitNETs patients over 5 years. Our cohort of 6 males and 9 females had a median age of 37.00 years (range: 23 to 68 y). All patients presented with pituitary macrotumors with an average size of 27.13×22.60×22.13 mm (length×width×height). The invasive growth pattern was identifiable, with 40.00% of tumors presenting with advanced stage (Knosp type 3 and 4) disease, followed by 20.00% Knosp type 2, 26.67% type 1, and 13.33% type 0. Clinical follow-up in 11 patients (median duration: 10.91 mo) revealed local recurrence in 1 case (9.09%). Microscopically, immature PIT1-lineage tumors comprised epithelioid (n=14) or spindle-shaped (n=1) chromophobic or weak basophilic cells with marked cytologic atypia, macronucleoli, and nuclear pseudoinclusions. By immunohistochemistry, most cases showed a consistent stain for PIT1 but limited expression of PIT1 family hormones in conjunction with diffuse or focal expression of CK8/18 (Cam 5.2), whereas none of the mimics showed a similar stain pattern in such a distinct way. We corroborate that immature PIT1-lineage tumors are rare, aggressive, and morphologically unique PitNETs/adenomas with cytologic atypia features. Immunohistochemistry may facilitate diagnosis in the distinction from histologic mimics.
Patterns of Use of β-2 Agonists, Steroids, and Mucoactive Medications to Treat Bronchiolitis in the PICU: U.S. Pediatric Health Information System 2009–2022 Database Study
Authors: Flaherty Brian F. , Olsen Cody S. , Coon Eric R. , Srivastava Rajendu , Cook Lawrence J. , Keenan Heather T.
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

Describe β2-agonists, steroids, hypertonic saline (HTS), n-acetylcysteine (NAC), and dornase alfa (DA) use to treat bronchiolitis, factors associated with use, and associations between use and PICU length of stay (LOS).

Design:

Retrospective, multicenter cohort study.

Setting:

PICUs in the Pediatric Health Information System database.

Patients:

PICU admitted children 24 months young or younger with bronchiolitis.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

We analyzed 47,520 hospitalizations between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2022. We calculated the rate of medication use overall and the median (range) rate for each hospital: β2-agonist (24,984/47,520 [52.6%]; median hospital, 51.7% [21.4–81.7%]), steroid (15,878/47,520 [33.4%]; median hospital, 33.4% [6.0–54.8%]), HTS (7,041/47,520 [14.8%]; median hospital, 10.5% [0–66.1%]), NAC (1,571/47,520 [3.3%]; median hospital, 0.8% [0–22.0%], and DA (840/47,520 [1.8%]; median hospital, 1.4% [0–13.6%]). Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) identified associations between concurrent asthma and β2-agonist (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.68; 95% CI, 7.08–10.65; p < 0.001) and steroid (aOR, 10.10; 95% CI, 8.84–11.53; p < 0.001) use. Mechanical ventilation was associated with all medications: β2-agonists (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.57–2.04; p < 0.001), steroids (aOR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.69–3.21; p < 0.001), HTS (aOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.47–2.25; p < 0.001), NAC (aOR, 3.29; 95% CI, 2.15–5.03; p < 0.001), and DA (aOR, 7.65; 95% CI, 4.30–13.61; p < 0.001). No medication was associated with decreased PICU LOS. To assess changes in medication use over time and associations with the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics bronchiolitis guidelines, we expanded our analysis to 83,820 hospitalizations between July 1, 2009, and June 30, 2022. Logistic regression with GEEs found no change in β2-agonist use; steroid use increased after guideline publication (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.10; p = 0.02), HTS use changed from increasing prior to the guidelines (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.11–1.56; p = 0.001) to stable since guideline publication (aOR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.81–1.07; p = 0.33).

Conclusions:

β2-agonists, steroids, and HTS are commonly, but variably used for PICU bronchiolitis treatment. Medication use appears relatively stable over the last decade.
Postoperative Activity Restrictions After Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery
Authors: Cacheiro Bofarull Alejandra , Philip Chris Elizabeth , Francis Gabriela , Matos da Silva Pedro Henrique Costa , Koski Chloe , Murphy Linda Suk-Ling , Alzogaray Victoria , Chang Olivia H.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Restrictive physical activity after pelvic reconstructive surgery is recommended, although the optimal duration and intensity are not standardized.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the existing literature comparing clinical outcomes for liberal postoperative physical activity versus standard of care, defined as restricted postoperative physical activity, after pelvic reconstructive surgery.

Study Design

PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched for observational and randomized studies comparing liberal postoperative physical activity and standard of care in women undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery, reporting anatomic and functional outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan software, presenting results as mean difference (MD) or odds ratio in a random-effects model, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Five randomized trials, representing total n = 434, were included, with 2 studies on sling surgical procedures and 3 on prolapse surgical procedures. Data from 3 studies suggest no significant difference between liberal and standard postoperative instructions in surgical outcomes, measured by Point Ba from POP-Q assessment tool, up to 3 months follow-up (MD, −0.04; 95% CI, −0.16 to 0.07; P = 0.49). Disease-specific symptom distress, measured by Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20, favored the liberal approach (MD, −10.09; 95% CI, −18.33 to −1.86; P = 0.02). Other domains, including Urinary Distress Inventory-6, also showed significant improvements with liberal postoperative activities (MD, −4.29; 95% CI, −7.84 to −0.74; P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Patients with liberal postoperative physical activity recommendations in prolapse repair surgical procedures had similar short-term anatomic outcomes compared with standard restrictions, with more favorable outcomes in disease-specific symptom relief and quality of life.
95 GeV excesses in the
Z3
-symmetric next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model
Authors: Lian Jingwei
Published: December 2024

Recent analyses by CMS and ATLAS suggest a deviation in the diphoton channel at approximately 95 GeV, alongside a previously observed excess in bb¯ signals at a similar mass by the Large Electron-Positron collider, potentially hinting at a new scalar particle. This study explores this possibility within the framework of the Z3-symmetric next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. A comprehensive parameter scan was conducted, integrating constraints from dark matter relic density, direct detection experiments, and the properties of the observed 125 GeV Higgs boson. The results demonstrate that the model can accommodate the observed excesses with a singlet-dominated CP-even scalar boson near 95 GeV. The model accurately predicts signal strengths of the diphoton and bb¯ channels at a level of 1σ. Furthermore, it accounts for the measured dark matter relic abundance through bino-dominated neutralinos coannihilation with winolike electroweakinos, all while remaining consistent with existing Large Hadron Collider (LHC) constraints. These findings pave the way for future validation at the high-luminosity LHC and linear colliders, which may offer crucial tests of the model’s predictions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Particle conversions beyond the WKB approximation and solar-induced gravitational waves from dark photon dark matter
Authors: Ai Tengyu , He Yuxuan , Liu Jia , Ma Xiaolin , Wang Xiao-Ping
Published: December 2024

We investigate the conversion of kinetic mixing dark photon dark matter into gravitational waves within the magnetic field of the Sun. Our study reveals that the WKB approximation is invalid in this scenario. We derive an analytic solution for the conversion probability with unitary evolution feature. This solution aligns in form with previous studies on photon-gravitational wave conversion. Interestingly, it is applicable in situations where the WKB approximation fails. We extend the unitary evolution solution to other conversion processes, such as axion-photon and dark photon-photon conversions. When the WKB approximation conditions are met, this solution reduces to the WKB result. We compute the characteristic strain of gravitational waves resulting from dark photon conversion in the solar magnetic field, spanning frequencies from 10−5  Hz to 106  Hz. Our findings indicate that the characteristic strain derived from the unitary evolution solution differs significantly from that of the WKB solution. The resulting strain signal is far below the sensitivity of current gravitational wave interferometers. Nevertheless, we have proposed an exotic gravitational wave source, which could be useful in nonminimal dark sector models.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Renormalization-group running of dimension-8 four-fermion operators in the SMEFT
Authors: Boughezal Radja , Huang Yingsheng , Petriello Frank
Published: December 2024

We compute the renormalization-group equations governing the evolution of dimension-8 four-fermion operators in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT). We describe the calculation and present analytic results for both the full flavor structure of the SMEFT and with the assumption of minimal flavor violation. We present numerical results for the renormalization-group evolution of the coefficients, and study their impact on fits of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Drell-Yan data. The effects of running on the dimension-8 coefficients can reach 50% or more when evolving from 10 TeV scale down to few-GeV energies relevant for the analysis of fixed-target data. However, the impact of the dimension-8 running on the analysis of Drell-Yan data from the LHC is minimal.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Thermal diffuse scattering analysis of Ag2O binary system via X-ray powder diffraction
Authors: Malagutti Marcelo Augusto , Mukherjee Binayak , Nautiyal Himanshu , Bette Sebastian , Ataollahi Narges , Dinnebier Robert , Scardi Paolo
Published: December 2024

Diffuse scattering is a component of the powder pattern bearing information on the local atomic structure and disorder of crystalline materials. It is visible in the X-ray diffraction patterns of binary structures like Ag2O, which has a large mean squared displacement for its constituent elements. Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is widely employed to extract this local structural information, embedded in the widths of PDF peaks. However, obtaining the PDF from experimental data requires a Fourier transform, which introduces aberrations in the transformed data due to instrument resolution, complicating the distinction between its static and dynamic components. In this work, the analysis of thermal diffuse scattering is performed directly on the X-ray powder pattern, using the traditional Rietveld method integrated with a correlated displacement model for atomic pairs. The Ag2O case study data were collected using synchrotron radiation at room temperature, supplemented by laboratory experiments up to 200°C. An Einstein model was used to obtain the harmonic and anharmonic force constants of the system. The force constants were also obtained via density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and showed similar values to the experiments. The analysis reveals the complex dynamic structure of Ag2O, characterized by high anisotropy in phonon dispersion relations and the presence of soft phonon modes, which explain the significant displacement parameters observed. The proposed approach can be easily employed for other binary or more complex systems to understand the dynamics of local forces through X-ray diffraction analysis.
Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of catena-poly[[bis(4-methylpyridine-κN)cobalt(II)]-di-μ-thiocyanato-κ2
N:S;κ2
S:N], which shows a rare coordination geometry
Authors: Näther Christian , Boeckmann Jan
Published: December 2024

Reaction of Co(NCS)2 with 4-methylpyridine in water leads to the formation of single crystals of the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C6H7N)2]
n
. The asymmetric unit consists of two crystallographically independent thiocyanate anions and two crystallographically independent 4-methylpyridine coligands in general positions, as well as of two different CoII cations, of which one is located on a twofold rotational axis, whereas the second occupies a center of inversion. The methyl H atoms in both 4-methylpyridine ligands are disordered and were refined using a split model. Both CoII cations are octahedrally coordinated by two N- and two S-bonded thiocyanate anions and two 4-methylpyridine coligands and are linked by pairs of 1,3-bridging anionic ligands into chains. Within these chains the cations show an alternating all-trans and cis–cis–trans configuration, which leads to the formation of corrugated chains. Powder X-ray diffraction proves that a pure crystalline phase has been obtained and the values of the CN stretching vibrations of the anionic ligands observed in the IR and the Raman spectra are in agreement with the presence of bridging anionic ligands.
Images of ingredients or finished products on food packages: the effects of food readiness and purchasing motivations
Authors: Huang Li-Shia , Chou Yu-Jen , Zhang Cheng , Lan Ying-Yu
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study explores the impact of packaging images (ingredients vs finished products), degree of food readiness (ready-to-heat vs ready-to-cook) and purchasing motivations (utilitarian vs hedonic) on consumer preferences.

Design/methodology/approach

Two 2 × 2 between-subject experiments were conducted to investigate the interactive effects of package image type and food readiness (Study 1) as well as their individual impacts (Study 2). Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed using SPSS software.

Findings

Consumers initially preferred packaging images of finished products over ingredients when selecting ready-to-eat foods. However, their attitudes declined upon learning about specific food content. When motivated by hedonic factors, consumers favored images of finished products for ready-to-cook foods, whereas utilitarian motivations led to a preference for ingredient images. After purchasing, ingredient images were favored across both motivational contexts.

Originality/value

Food packaging images serve as crucial cues in consumer purchase decisions, though no consensus currently exists on whether these images should feature ingredients or finished products. This study offers valuable insights into how these visual factors affect consumer behavior and decision-making, providing manufacturers with guidance on enhancing product evaluations by consumers.
Institutional context matters: board diversity and ESG outcomes in the UAE
Authors: Alawadi Asma , Kakabadse Nada , Khan Nadeem , Bodolica Virginia
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study empirically examines the impact of board diversity on environmental, social and governance (ESG) outcomes in organizations from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study aims to extend prior literature by covering the impacts of the institutional context on board diversity and ESG outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a thematic analysis of interviews with 42 UAE board members, this research uncovers the effects of institutional context on ESG outcomes. The study focuses on the impact of culture, the influence of regulatory bodies and the relationship between critical board diversity traits and ESG.

Findings

Three major themes emerged from the data: the impact of institutional context and culture, the impact of regulatory bodies and critical board diversity traits’ relationship with ESG. The findings indicate that the institution’s cultural and regulatory context impacts board diversity and ESG. The findings also demonstrate that the board’s functional diversity (educational and occupational diversity) and age diversity impact ESG outcomes.

Originality/value

This research contributes to resource dependence theory by indicating the specific resources diverse directors bring to a corporate board. The study also highlights how institutional context dictates the types of resources directors seek for effective ESG implementation, providing a novel insight into board diversity’s role in ESG performance.
Unpacking the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing activities and small firm performance
Authors: Aliakbari Aliasghar , Crick James M. , Chen Wei-Fen , Crick Dave
Published: December 2024

Purpose

A question remains unresolved in existing cross-disciplinary research at the marketing/entrepreneurship interface (MEI). This features circumstances when employing a combination of market-oriented and entrepreneurially-oriented activities, known as entrepreneurial marketing (EM) behavior, is likely to lead to positive performance outcomes. Earlier mixed findings provide the need to unpack the nuances of EM practices, in terms of their boundary conditions, regarding circumstances where this behavior does or does not lead to performance-enhancing outcomes. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to examine the complexities of the association between EM activities and small firm performance by assessing quadratic and moderating effects.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was underpinned by resource-based theory (RBT). Survey responses were collected from 214 smaller-sized companies in the United Kingdom. The statistical data passed all major checks for reliability, different forms of validity, common method variance and endogeneity bias.

Findings

EM activities had a quadratic connection with small firm performance, with this relationship being enhanced (in terms of a positive two-way interaction effect) by market dynamism (a counter-intuitive result regarding environmental conditions). Surprisingly, through a post-hoc test, coopetition (cooperation among competitors to leverage assets and overcome resource constraints) did not play any influential part in helping owner-managers to overcome the potential downsides of EM practices, like the time and cost implications of identifying and exploiting opportunities (i.e., a non-significant three-way interaction effect).

Originality/value

Unique insights outline how decision-makers in smaller-sized organizations can harness the potential benefits, and minimise the likely drawbacks, of employing EM activities. However, owner-managers should be cautious when implementing these organization-wide practices, since they are likely to enhance performance, but only up to a fixed point. Indeed, excessive forms of EM activities can weaken small firms’ performance. A counter-intuitive positive moderation effect regarding market dynamism challenges certain earlier findings. Specifically, in some dynamic market conditions, EM activities could be performance-enhancing, since certain environmental-level forces might assist owner-managers to amplify the merits of behavior at the MEI when implemented effectively.
The transformational journey of YouTube entrepreneurs: a few strands of evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Piramanaygam Senthilkumaran , Lee Kuan-Huei , Pillai K Rajasekharan , Dixit Saurabh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Ubiquitous penetration of the internet fuelled by the interactive nature of digital media has created a new genre of entrepreneurs who leverage social media to propel their businesses. This study aims to explore the transformation of one such digital entrepreneurial cohort: Food YouTubers (YTs), who have metamorphosed from being mere content creators to entrepreneurs in the context of an emerging economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors invoke a qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach to unravel the entrepreneurial transition process. A combination of personal interviews and open-ended surveys is used to collect relevant data from 14 digital entrepreneurs. The transcripts are analysed to extract meaningful codes and themes.

Findings

The study shows that these entrepreneurs’ innovativeness and readiness to meet the real-time demands of their customers made their ventures a runaway success. This is the first study to target food YTs in India, an emerging economy. While the study is exploratory in nature, it provides basic insights into the transition of a novel group of influencers into entrepreneurs.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to analyse the transition of YouTube influencers into entrepreneurs in emerging economies, as it relies more on entrepreneurial activities for their economic and social well-being.
Sanction intensity and labor force participation
Authors: Zobeiri Hoda , Nademi Younes , Gholipour Hassan F.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study examines the impact of sanction intensity on labor force participation rate in 30 sanctioned countries from 1990 to 2019.

Design/methodology/approach

We apply different dynamic threshold panel models using the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation.

Findings

Our findings reveal a non-linear relationship between sanction intensity and labor force participation rate. Milder sanctions are associated with higher labor force participation rate, while intense sanctions lead to reduced participation, largely due to the damaging effects of sanctions on domestic economies.

Originality/value

While several studies have examined the impact of sanctions on various economic, social and political factors, only a few have specifically investigated the role of sanctions on labor force participation across countries and over time.