bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A representação do conflito nos filmes documentários de Carlos Pronzato
Authors: Câmara Antônio Da Silva
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo decorre de pesquisa realizada no âmbito do projeto As representações da vida rural no cinema documentário que se desenvolve sob minha coordenação no Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais e Rurais (Nuclear) vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal da Bahia e que conta com a participação de alunos bolsistas e voluntários da Graduação em Ciências Sociais e alunos da pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais. Os dois filmes abaixo analisados foram escolhidos a partir do fato de que o cineasta argentino radicado em Salvador tem produzido documentários sobre as lutas sociais no Brasil e na América Latina, permitindo, portanto, a análise comparativa de suas produções fílmicas e a sua contribuição para o conhecimento sociológico. Tomamos aqui o cinema documentário em sua dupla acepção: enquanto representação da realidade, distinto do filme ficcional, pois tem a pretensão de reconstruir situações da realidade e apresentá-las como elemento para reflexão, e assim pode ser tomado como uma das fontes para apreensão das contradições sociais; e como uma produção subjetiva da realidade na qual transparece a cosmovisão do documentarista, constituindo-se também em fonte histórica e sociológica que contribui para o entendimento da própria supraestrutura social. Essas duas dimensões que elegemos não aparecem de forma unilateral, mas não nos parece impossível reconstituí-las a partir dos recursos audiovisuais e narrativos utilizados pelo cineasta.
CULTURA E IDEOLOGIA: RELEITURAS A PARTIR DA TEORIA SOCIAL CLÁSSICA
Authors: Côrtes Sara
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste texto é discutir as noções de cultura e ideologia a partir de releituras dos três autores clássicos da sociologia quais sejam, Marx, Weber e Durkheim. Parte-se da hipótese que para definir como se concebem estas noções nos clássicos é fundamental precisar quais os sujeitos dos processos ideológicos ou culturais identificado por cada autor e quais os principais antagonismos. Para isso, contextualiza-se o debate sobre ideologia e cultura, em seguida, apresenta-se a relevância e atualidade dos clássicos nas Ciências Sociais, para daí recuperar os conceitos chaves que ajudam a “pôr os clássicos em diálogo”, demarcando no pensamento de cada autor quem são os sujeitos de um processo cultural ou ideológico e quais os antagonismos. Conclui-se que, coloca-se a possibilidade da emancipação humana de modo implícito nos três autores, pois o ponto de partida mais elementar é colocar o sujeito cognoscente como sujeito consciente da ideologia – tomada como herança de ver e agir dentro de relações sociais concretas.
A TRANSFORMAÇÃO DA INTIMIDADE: AS MUDANÇAS FAMILIARES E O DIREITO
Authors: Cerqueira Álvaro Augusto , Bonfim Weber De Lima
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho pretende relacionar as mudanças dos paradigmas da intimidade, em uma abordagem sociológica, às modificações no direito de família, tendo como principal objeto de análise as modificações doutrinárias operadas a partir e paralelamente à recepção da “união estável” enquanto instituto de direito e unidade familiar. Tem como objetivos esclarecer a afinidade eletiva entre a emancipação da mulher e a mudança dos paradigmas familiares, bem como perceber a tendência democrática das relações entre os sexos em contraste com as estruturas institucionais hierarquizadas. Busca investigar, igualmente, investigar a natureza das mudanças sociais de que derivaram as mudanças jurídicas no contexto do Direito familiar, analisando a pluralidade de entidades familiares existentes atualmente. O estudo privilegiou uma abordagem interdisciplinar entre a sociologia e o direito, de forma a ampliar o debate em torno das mudanças familiares nesses dois campos teóricos. Partiu-se da revisão bibliográfica das obras sociológicas e jurídicas, tendo como eixo central a Transformação da Intimidade, de Anthony Giddens. Da análise desta obra, foi possível estabelecer um diálogo com outras obras de relevo, como A Dominação Masculina de Pierre Boudieu, Sociedade de Risco, de Ülrich Beck e O Segundo Sexo, de Simone de Beauvoir. Por fim, é de se constatar a importância da análise do Manual de Direito das Famílias de Maria Berenice Dias, de onde foi possível, ao lado da análise de dados oficias do IBGE e IPEA, extrair o espectro de representações familiares presentes na realidade jurídico-social brasileira.
( RE )PENSAMIENTO DE LOS PROBLEMAS AMBIENTALES EN EL MUNDO MODERNO : ANÁLISIS DESDE UNA DIMENSIÓN SOCIOLÓGICA PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE
Authors: Herrera Yeisa
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo comprende una propuesta de reflexión, desde un posicionamiento teórico, en torno a la problemática medio ambiental que afecta al mundo de hoy. Analizada desde una perspectiva sociológica, no soslaya para nada la trascendencia de la temática ambiental a otras disciplinas de las ciencias sociales. En este sentido, se han articulado en el análisis la dimensión cultural, el medio ambiente y el desarrollo humano sostenible, en aras de pensar en una forma de cambio consciente, holística y madura donde se desplieguen ulteriormente las potencialidades creadoras que ella encierra. Se esbozan además, acciones desarrolladas en el contexto cubano, y si bien no se proponen soluciones, el propósito del escrito versa en incitar a despertar de la somnolencia antropocéntrica para sentir, pensar y encontrar la salida de la crisis y lograr la ansiada armonía entre el individuo y la naturaleza.
CLASSES SOCIAIS NO PAPEL, CLASSES MOBILIZADAS E LUTAS PELA CLASSIFICAÇÃO EM PIERRE BOURDIEU: UMA DISCUSSÃO EM DIÁLOGO COM O FAZER-SE DA CLASSE DE E. P. THOMPSON
Authors: Maldonado Fernando Larrea
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo indaga em torno à conceição das classes sociais no pensamento de Pierre Bourdieu em estreita vinculação com as noções chaves de seu arcabouço teórico: espaço social, campo, habitus, tipos de capital. Apresenta se a forma como Bourdieu concebe o espaço social para derivar nele recortes entre grupos de agentes que partilham similares condições de existência, condicionamentos e propriedades, configurando o que Bourdieu denomina de “classes no papel”. Posteriormente, se aborda a perspectiva construtivista de Bourdieu em sua conceição das “classes reais”, constituídas através de processos simbólicos e políticos, colocando-a em diálogo com o “fazer-se” da classe de E. P. Thompson. Finalmente, se destacam alguns claro-escuros, na visão das classes de Bourdieu, evidenciando algumas de suas potencialidades e limites.
DEMOCRACIA DE REDUTO NO PARLAMENTO BAIANO: A DOMINÂNCIA ELEITORAL NA ASSEMBLÉIA LEGISLATIVA DA BAHIA NAS ELEIÇÕES DE 2002, 2006 E 20102
Authors: Nunes Vladimir Meira
Published: November 2018

O artigo estuda as bases eleitorais dos deputados estaduais da Bahia, nas eleições de 2002, 2006 e 2010, a partir da dimensão vertical de suas votações. A Dominância eleitoral é aqui estudada como contribuição dos estudos da Geografia do Voto, os quais procuram classificar determinados padrões de comportamento político de parlamentares e partidos a partir de seus redutos e estratégias eleitorais. É estudada também em diálogo com pressupostos da teoria democrática e dos teóricos da modernização, para os quais maiores índices de competitividade – logo, menor oligarquização – representam maior qualidade democrática. O cálculo da Dominância foi feito de acordo com a fórmula sugerida por Carvalho (2003) e foi aplicada à votação de todos os deputados estaduais nos três pleitos; em seguida, avaliamos se o padrão Dominante das votações é predominante no partido governista, a partir dos reposicionamentos do PT e PFL/DEM nos três pleitos selecionados. Os resultados sugerem que o legislativo estadual baiano não possui um padrão oligárquico de competição, já que quase metade dos seus parlamentares possui padrão de votação Não-Dominante, ou seja, compartilham seus redutos eleitorais. Sugere também não se poder afirmar que o padrão de votação Dominante é necessariamente governista.
MEXE O BALAIO: UM OLHAR SOBRE O PAGODE BAIANO
Authors: Souza Mariana Bittencourt
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo surge como resultado de um projeto monográfico. Diante do vasto campo de pesquisa foi possível inferir sobre aspectos do cotidiano, ao que toca as perspectivas de corpo, sexualidade, raça e gênero. Campos estes tão explorados nas Ciências Sociais. Vale ressaltar o caráter simbólico e valorativo que o pagode enquanto produto do social traz para a realidade brasileira e baiana. Tomar o pagode enquanto manifestação genuinamente baiana e soteropolitana é coloca-lo diante de um ethos no qual se transportam valores, costumes, hábitos e crenças que constroem comportamentos novos e solidifica outros tantos presentes em nossa cultura. Por fim, deve-se notar que o “universo pagodeiro” constitui-se de uma complexidade de temas enriquecedores para os cientistas sociais, pesquisadores de cultura e profissionais ligadas à temática da corporeidade.
Editorial
Authors: Prelúdios Revista
Published: November 2018

editorial da quarta edição
RUMO A UMA NOVA ONTOLOGIA: O VITALISMO E AS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS
Authors: Pinho Thiago Araujo
Published: November 2018

Ao ultrapassar os limites de uma sociologia clássica, com fronteiras definidas e critérios mais que estabelecidos, um novo percurso teórico abre portas, permitindo uma nova filosofia de fundo, com um universo inteiro de abordagens e expectativas. Esse artigo tem por intenção entender essa nova “vitalidade” na teoria social, especialmente nas obras de Tim Ingold, além de alguns contrapontos com Michel Foucault, reforçando a ideia de que o vitalismo nas ciências sociais não é um percurso plano, evidente, mas cheio de contornos, de rizomas. Duas rotas, ou melhor, duas vias interpretativas, saem de um mesmo ponto, passam pelos mesmos caminhos, mas apresentam implicações diferentes e muito impactantes tanto na antropologia quanto na própria filosofia.
RESENHA DO LIVRO "A ALBION REVISITADA : CIÊNCIA, RELIGIÃO, ILUSTRAÇÃO E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DO LAZER NA INGLATERRA DO SÉCULO XVIII"
Authors: Frighetto Rodrigo Fernandes
Published: November 2018

RESENHA DO LIVRO "A ALBION REVISITADA : CIÊNCIA, RELIGIÃO, ILUSTRAÇÃO E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DO LAZER NA INGLATERRA DO SÉCULO XVIII" 
Editorial
Authors: Prelúdios Revista
Published: November 2018

Editorial da quinta edição da Revista Prelúdios
Editorial
Authors: Uzêda Danilo
Published: November 2018

Editorial da 6ª Edição
DELEUZE E O SOCIAL: HÁ UMA FUNÇÃO D?
Authors: Pinho Thiago Araújo
Published: November 2018

No meio do delírio do Anti-Édipo, Deleuze e Guattari (1984, p. 294) calmamente nos informa que “sempre fazemos amor com mundos”. Isso marca sua transgressão final da segmentação repressiva da crítica contemporânea: a segmentação da economia libidinal e a economia política, produção de desejo e produção social, Freud e Marx. No triângulo edipiano e seus dilemas (double bind), o desejo foi sempre traído e a crítica política foi sempre afastada da conexão com o real processo produtivo. Esse impasse está ainda conosco: a Sociologia contemporânea não faz amor com nenhum dos mundos que estamos conscientes; as análises econômicas e sociais, em geral, estão paralisadas diante do problema da liberação do desejo, da crítica de sua captura e da expressão de sua abundância.
Function of a laminin_G_3 module as a carbohydrate‐binding module in an arabinofuranosidase from Ruminiclostridium josui
Authors: Sakka Makiko , Kunitake Emi , Kimura Tetsuya , Sakka Kazuo
Published: November 2018

Laminin_G_3 modules can exist together with family‐43 catalytic modules of glycoside hydrolase (GH43), but their functions are unknown. Here, a laminin_G_3 module and a GH43 module derived from a Ruminiclostridium josui modular arabinofuranosidase Abf43A‐Abf43B‐Abf43C were produced individually as RjLG3 and RjGH43_22, respectively, or combined as RjGH43‐1 to gain insights into their activities. Isothermal calorimetry analysis showed that RjLG3 has high affinity toward 32‐α‐l‐arabinofuranosyl‐(1,5)‐α‐l‐arabinotriose but not for α‐1,5‐linked arabinooligosaccharides, which suggests that RjLG3 interacts specifically with a branched arabinofuranosyl residue of an arabinooligosaccharide but not an arabinofuranosyl residue at the end of α‐1,5‐linked arabinooligosaccharides. RjGH43‐1 (with CBM) shows higher activity toward sugar beet arabinan than RjGH43_22 (without CBM), which suggests that the LG3 module in RjGH43‐1 plays an important role in substrate hydrolysis as a carbohydrate‐binding module.
Effects of stably incorporated iron on protein phosphatase‐1 structure and activity
Authors: Salvi Francesca , Trebacz Malgorzata , Kokot Thomas , Hoermann Bernhard , Rios Pablo , Barabas Orsolya , Kӧhn Maja
Published: November 2018

Protein phosphatase‐1 (PP1) drives a large amount of phosphoSer/Thr protein dephosphorylations in eukaryotes to counteract multiple kinases in signaling pathways. The phosphatase requires divalent metal cations for catalytic activity and contains iron naturally. Iron has been suggested to have an influence on PP1 activity through Fe2+ and Fe3+ oxidation states. However, much biochemical and all structural data have been obtained with recombinant PP1 containing Mn2+ ions. Purifying iron‐containing PP1 from Escherichia coli has thus far not been possible. Here, we present the preparation, characterization, and structure of iron‐bound PP1α in inactive and active states. We establish a key role for the electronic/redox properties of iron in PP1 activity and shed light on the difference in substrate specificity between iron‐ and manganese‐containing PP1.
A dosimetric study on the use of 3D‐printed customized boluses in photon therapy: A hydrogel and silica gel study
Authors: Kong Yuehong , Yan Tengfei , Sun Yanze , Qian Jianjun , Zhou Gang , Cai Shang , Tian Ye
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The aim of the study was to compare the dose differences between two kinds of materials (silica gel and hydrogel) used to prepare boluses based on three‐dimensional (3D) printing technologies and commercial bolus in head phantoms simulating nose, ear, and parotid gland radiotherapy.

Methods and materials

We used 3D printing technology to make silica gel and hydrogel boluses. To evaluate the clinical feasibility, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans were created for head phantoms that were bolus‐free or had a commercial bolus, a silica gel bolus, or a hydrogel bolus. Dosimetry differences were compared in simulating nose, ear, and parotid gland radiotherapy separately.

Results

The air gaps were smaller in the silica gel and hydrogel bolus than the commercial one. In nose plans, it was shown that the V95% (relative volume that is covered by at least 95% of the prescription dose) of the silica gel (99.86%) and hydrogel (99.95%) bolus were better than the commercial one (98.39%) and bolus‐free (87.52%). Similarly, the homogeneity index (HI) and conformity index (CI) of the silica gel (0.06; 0.79) and hydrogel (0.058; 0.80) bolus were better than the commercial one (0.094; 0.72) and bolus‐free (0.59; 0.53). The parameters of results (HI, CI, V95%) were also better in 3D printing boluses than in the commercial bolus or without bolus in ear and parotid plans.

Conclusions

Silica gel and hydrogel boluses were not only good for fit and a high level of comfort and repeatability, but also had better parameters in IMRT plans. They could replace the commercial bolus for clinical use.
Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Highly Stereoselective C3 Functionalization of Indolizines with N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles
Authors: Kahar Nilesh Machhindra , Nabar Kasturi Uday , Jadhav Pankaj Pandit , Dawande Sudam Ganpat
Published: November 2018

An efficient and highly stereoselective approach for the C3 functionalization of indolizines through rhodium(II)‐catalyzed insertion of aza‐vinyl carbenes to synthesize N‐sulfonylamine alkenyl derivatives of indolizines is disclosed. Variably functionalized indolizines underwent C3 functionalization to afford moderate to good yields. Under similar reaction conditions pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinolines resulted in regioselective C1 functionalization to give their N‐sulfonylamine alkenyl derivatives. The reaction methodology was successfully extended for the preparation of 1,3‐bis(N‐sulfonylamine alkenyl)indolizine derivatives and C3‐functionalized indolizines were used for the preparation of new molecular entities.
Specific Ion Effects on an Oligopeptide: Bidentate Binding Matters for the Guanidinium Cation
Authors: Balos Vasileios , Marekha Bogdan , Malm Christian , Wagner Manfred , Nagata Yuki , Bonn Mischa , Hunger Johannes
Published: November 2018

Ion–protein interactions are important for protein function, yet challenging to rationalize owing to the multitude of possible ion–protein interactions. To explore specific ion effects on protein binding sites, we investigate the interaction of different salts with the zwitterionic peptide triglycine in solution. Dielectric spectroscopy shows that salts affect the peptide's reorientational dynamics, with a more pronounced effect for denaturing cations (Li+, guanidinium (Gdm+)) and anions (I−, SCN−) than for weakly denaturing ones (K+, Cl−). The effects of Gdm+ and Li+ were found to be comparable. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the enhanced binding of Gdm+ and Li+ to triglycine, yet with a different binding geometry: While Li+ predominantly binds to the C‐terminal carboxylate group, bidentate binding to the terminus and the nearest amide is particularly important for Gdm+. This bidentate binding markedly affects peptide conformation, and may help to explain the high denaturation activity of Gdm+ salts.
Enantioselective Electrophilic Aromatic Nitration: A Chiral Auxiliary Approach
Authors: Campbell Joseph P. , Rajappan Sinu C. , Jaynes Tyler J. , Sharafi Mona , Ma Yong‐Tao , Li Jianing , Schneebeli Severin T.
Published: November 2018

Enantioselective electrophilic aromatic nitration methodology is needed to advance chirality‐assisted synthesis (CAS). Reported here is an enantioselective aromatic nitration strategy operating with chiral diester auxiliaries, and it provides an enantioselective synthesis of a C3v‐symmetric tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ). These axially‐chiral structures are much sought‐after building blocks for CAS, but they were not accessible prior to this work in enantioenriched form without resolution of enantiomers. This nitration strategy controls the stereochemistry of threefold nitration reactions from above the aromatic rings with chiral diester arms. Dicarbonyl‐to‐arenium chelation rigidifies the reaction systems, so that remote stereocenters position the ester‐directing groups selectively over specific atoms of the TBTQ framework. Closely guided by computational design, a more selective through‐space directing arm was first predicted with density functional theory (DFT), and then confirmed in the laboratory, to outperform the initial structural design. This enantio‐ and regioselective TBTQ synthesis opens a new pathway to access building blocks for CAS.
Green Synthesis of new Trizole Based Heterocyclic Amino Acids Ligands and their Transition Metal Complexes. Characterization, Kinetics, Antimicrobial and Docking Studies
Authors: El‐Saghier A.M. , Abd El‐Halim H.F. , Abdel‐Rahman Laila H. , Kadry A.
Published: November 2018

Two novel amino acids imine ligands (H2L1 and H2L2) have been synthesized using green condensation reaction from 2‐[3‐Amino‐5‐(2‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐5‐methyl‐1,5‐dihydro‐[1, 2, 4]triazol‐4‐yl]‐3‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐propionic acid with benzaldehyde/p‐flouro benzaldehyde (1:1 molar ratio) in the presence of lemon juice as a natural acidic catalyst in aqueous medium. Their transition metal complexes have been prepared in a molar ratio (1:1). Characterization of the ligands and complexes using elemental analysis, spectroscopic studies, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and thermal analysis has been reported. E*, ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG* thermodynamic parameters, were calculated to throw more light on the nature of changes accompanying the thermal decomposition process of these complexes. The molar conductance measurement of metal complexes showed nonelectrolyte behavior. The metal complexes of the two ligands have tetrahedral geometry with a general molecular structure [M(H2L)Xn], where [(M = Mn (II), Co (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II), X = Cl, n = 2]; M = VO (II), X = SO4, n = 1] for H2L1. [M = Co (II), Cu (II), Zn (II)] for H2L2. Antibacterial activity of the complexes against (Bacillis subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli), also antifungal activity against (Aspergillus niger, Candida Glabarta, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) have been screened. The results showed that all complexes have antimicrobial activity higher than free ligands. Molecular docking studies results showed that, all the synthesized compounds having minimum binding energy and have good affinity toward the active pocket, thus, they may be considered as good inhibitor of targeting PDB code: 1SC7 (Human DNA Topo‐isomerase I).
iNaturalist as a tool to expand the research value of museum specimens
Authors: Heberling J. Mason , Isaac Bonnie L.
Published: November 2018

Premise of the Study

Innovative approaches to specimen collection and curation are needed to maximize the utility of natural history collections in a new era of data use. Associated data, such as digital images from the field, are routinely collected with recent herbarium specimens. However, these data often remain inaccessible and are rarely curated alongside the associated physical specimens, which limits future data use.

Methods and Results

We leveraged the widely used citizen science platform, iNaturalist, to permanently associate field‐collected data to herbarium specimens, including information not well preserved in traditional specimens. This protocol improves the efficiency and accuracy of all steps from the collecting event to specimen curation and enhances the potential uses of specimens.

Conclusions

iNaturalist provides a standardized and cost‐efficient enhancement to specimen collection and curation that can be easily adapted for specific research goals or other collection types beyond herbaria.
The C‐terminal region of tumor necrosis factor like weak inducer of apoptosis is required for interaction with advanced glycation end products
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Toyomura Takao , Wake Hidenori , Liu Keyue , Teshigawara Kiyoshi , Takahashi Hideo , Nishibori Masahiro , Mori Shuji
Published: November 2018

Previously, we found that endogenously produced pro‐inflammatory molecules, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), interact with tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), and attenuate its immunomodulatory function. In the present study, to elucidate the mechanism by which AGEs attenuate TWEAK function, we searched for regions responsible for TWEAK–AGE interaction using TWEAK deletion mutants. Pull‐down assays with the TWEAK mutants and AGEs revealed that the C‐terminal half of TWEAK, which is the region essential for receptor stimulation, was required for this interaction. On the other hand, the N‐terminal deletion mutants did not exhibit a significant decrease in AGE binding. Moreover, a moderate decrease in the AGE binding by double‐deletion in quartered C‐terminal half regions and a substantial decrease by triple‐deletion in this region were observed. In addition, full‐length TWEAK stimulated IL‐8 gene expression in endothelial EA.hy.926 cells, whereas the triple‐deletion mutant lost much of this activity, suggesting that the TWEAK–AGE interaction sites overlap with the region needed to exert normal function of TWEAK. Our present findings may help to elucidate the pathophysiological roles of the TWEAK–AGE interaction for prevention and treatment of AGE‐related inflammatory diseases.
Theorising teacher performance dispositions in an age of audit
Authors: Skourdoumbis Andrew
Published: November 2018

This article provides a critical and theoretical exploration into teacher performance dispositions (orientations towards performance). The article explores research literature on dispositions, highlighting the representation of teachers in education policy and standards documents across several nations of the OECD: Australia, the USA and the UK. The article draws on aspects connected to the Bourdieuian conception of dispositions, arguing that economic imperatives continue to drive research and policy directions of teacher performance, shaping teaching practice/s distorting the educative process. The article suggests that the work of teachers is increasingly being repositioned towards narrow conceptions of pedagogy and performance, aligning the educative experience with the ability to compete in the knowledge economy. Developments of this kind commodify knowledge, which may have implications for what it means to be educated or to educate. The research in focusing on teacher performance dispositions reminds teachers and policy‐makers about the moral and ethical importance of a person‐centred education policy approach. Such an approach eschews prescribed curricula and standardised learning, opting instead for the professional judgement of teachers in crafting studies with educative potential tailored to individual student need.
Application of modified mesoporous boehmite (γ‐AlOOH) with green synthesis carbon quantum dots for a fabrication biosensor to determine trace amounts of doxorubicin
Authors: Rezaei Behzad , Hassani Zahra , Shahshahanipour Marzieh , Ensafi Ali A. , Mohammadnezhad G.
Published: November 2018

An important form of carbon nanoparticles that are used for a wide range of applications, are carbon dots (CDs). In this study, a very easy, in expensive and green process was described for the preparation of CDs by using hydrothermal treatment of Tragacanth Gum (TG). A rapid assay for the determination of trace amounts of an anticancer medication doxorubicin (DOX) was developed, based on the quenching of the CDs derived from their aggregation. Electrostatic interaction between CDs and DOX could lead to fluorescence quenching. The optimized biosensor showed a detection range from 1 to 400 ng mL−1 and a limit of detection of 0.4 ng mL−1. In the following, the synthesized CDs modified the Boehmite (Boh) mesoporous surface based on hydrogen bonding. The Boh has been used as supports and ideal hosts in this method, in which the particle size distribution of CDs in the pores of Boh is limited and they have controlled pore sizes. Accordingly, the surface‐to‐volume ratio and the presence of high‐volume pores increased the longevity and sustainability of CDs; also prevented the aggregation of the CDs and improved their photo stability. The advantages of Boh are large pore volume, high surface area, and narrow size distribution. Variable factors influencing optical sensor response in DOX measurement were evaluated and optimized. In optimal conditions, the linear range was calculated from 1 to 500 ngmL−1 and the detection limit was 0.2 ng mL−1. The sensors were used for measuring DOX in human blood plasma.
Synthesis and in Vitro Characterization of Trehalose‐Based Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Trehalose 6‐Phosphate Phosphatases
Authors: Kapil Sunayana , Petit Cecile , Drago Victoria N. , Ronning Donald R. , Sucheck Steven J.
Published: November 2018

α,α′‐Trehalose plays roles in the synthesis of several cell wall components involved in pathogenic mycobacteria virulence. Its absence in mammalian biochemistry makes trehalose‐related biochemical processes potential targets for chemotherapy. The trehalose 6‐phosphate synthase (TPS)/trehalose 6‐phosphate phosphatase (TPP) pathway, also known as the OtsA/OtsB2 pathway, is the major pathway involved in the production of trehalose in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In addition, TPP is essential for Mtb survival. We describe the synthesis of α,α′‐trehalose derivatives in the forms of the 6‐phosphonic acid 4 (TMP), the 6‐methylenephosphonic acid 5 (TEP), and the 6‐N‐phosphonamide 6 (TNP). These non‐hydrolyzable substrate analogues of TPP were examined as inhibitors of Mtb, Mycobacterium lentiflavum (Mlt), and Mycobacterium triplex (Mtx) TPP. In all cases the compounds were most effective in inhibiting Mtx TPP, with TMP [IC50=(288±32) μm] acting most strongly, followed by TNP [IC50=(421±24) μm] and TEP [IC50=(1959±261) μm]. The results also indicate significant differences in the analogue binding profile when comparing Mtb TPP, Mlt TPP, and Mtx TPP homologues.
Serving a community sentence with a mental health treatment requirement: Offenders' perspectives
Authors: Manjunath Abigail , Gillham Rebecca , Samele Chiara , Taylor Pamela J.
Published: November 2018

Background

Safe alternatives to custody for offenders with mental disorder are vital, not least as self‐harm, and violence rates are rising among them in prisons. In England and Wales, the Criminal Justice Act 2003 allows a mental health treatment requirement (MHTR) to supplement a community or suspended prison sentence, but this combination is poorly understood and rarely sought.

Aim

To explore offenders' perspectives on the MHTR.

Methods

We interviewed all 25 consenting offenders under an MHTR in two probation areas. Verbatim transcripts of their audio‐taped narratives were analysed using grounded theory methods.

Results

Their core concern was “instability,” characterised by many health and social difficulties and resolved by achieving stability, which included not reoffending as well as becoming healthy, substance free, and “having a life.” Most considered that the MHTR helped their motivation and service provision, but some cited poor supervisor accessibility, supervisor role confusion, and sense of stigma under the order as stressful and threatening good outcomes.

Conclusions

This first account of offenders' perspectives on the MHTR suggests a model in which, under it, offenders see themselves making progress as courts require. They understand the risk of return to court and imprisonment if in breach. This model of understanding how MHTRs work could provide for professional guidance and evaluation of their effectiveness.
Micronization of Gefitinib Using Solution‐Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical CO2
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Qiming , Zhu Zhonglin , Qian Hongliang , Jiang Feng , Wang Zhixiang , Liu Wei , Huang Dechun
Published: November 2018

The antineoplastic gefitinib has a low aqueous solubility, leading to poor absorption rates. To overcome this problem, microparticles (MP) were prepared using solution‐enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) with supercritical CO2 and the cosolvents dichloromethane and ethanol. The results showed that the use of SEDS resulted in the formation of smaller particles and rendered the usually heterogeneous crystals of the crude drug pure and uniform. Furthermore, the reduction in the MP size increased the dissolution rate of gefitinib, and in vitro cytotoxicity assays indicated that the MP inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells to a larger extent than did the crude drug. Given the beneficial properties of the MP, SEDS could potentially be used to micronize drugs for therapeutic applications.
Electrolytes based on N‐Butyl‐N‐Methyl‐Pyrrolidinium 4,5‐Dicyano‐2‐(Trifluoromethyl) Imidazole for High Voltage Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors
Authors: Scalia Alberto , Varzi Alberto , Moretti Arianna , Ruschhaupt Peter , Lamberti Andrea , Tresso Elena , Passerini Stefano
Published: November 2018

Owing to their exceptional electrochemical stability, ionic liquids (ILs) are highly promising electrolytes for high voltage electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). However, these molten salts often suffer from high viscosity and low conductivity, strongly affecting their application at room temperature. In this work the potential role of N‐butyl‐N‐methyl‐pyrrolidinium 4,5‐dicyano‐2‐(trifluoromethyl) imidazole (Pyr14TDI) as electrolyte component is evaluated for the first time. Although it is classified as an IL, its melting point at 48 °C hinders the use of the pure IL as solvent‐free electrolyte at medium‐to‐low temperatures. For this reason, mixtures with propylene carbonate (PC) are investigated to widen its temperature operation range (−30 to 60 °C). Different Pyr14TDI:PC ratios are investigated, from diluted solution (1 : 3 w/w) to solvent‐in‐salt (3 : 1 w/w). The properties of such electrolytes are determined in terms of viscosity, density, flash point, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical performance in EDLC. By proper electrode balancing, a maximum cell voltage of 3.3 V is achieved in case of PC:Pyr14TDI (1 : 3). However, despite the voltage limitation to 3 V, the highest specific energy and power values are obtained with the most diluted solution (3 : 1).
Optimized Porous Si/SiC Composite Spheres as High‐Performance Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Tang Jingjing , Zhou Xiangyang , Jia Ming , Ren Yongpeng , Jiang Min , Hu Tingjie , Yang Juan
Published: November 2018

Fabricating porous Si via magnesiothermic reduction is an effective way to tackle the volume expansion of Si anodes. However, the agglomeration of Si due to the local heat accumulation during the thermal reduction process severely limits its lithium storage capacity. Here, we propose a simple approach to synthesize optimized porous Si/SiC composite (pSi/SiC) spheres via modifying the precursor SiO2 of magnesiothermic reduction. After heat treatment process, in‐situ generated SiC uniformly dispersed among silicon nanoparticles, playing a crucial role in decreasing local heat accumulation, sequentially maintaining the stability of the porous spherical structure. This method not only optimized pore distribution of porous Si, but also enhanced the buffer effect of SiC. Finally, the as‐prepared pSi/SiC exhibits superior lithium storage performance (1653.4 mAh g−1 and 1446.7 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 1 A g−1 after 100 cycles, 1022 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 400 cycles, and 420 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 even after 2000 cycles). This work can provide an inspirational idea to prepare other optimized porous Si‐based anode materials through introducing various buffer materials.
Impact of responsive and proactive market orientation on SME performance: The moderating role of economic crisis perception
Authors: Petzold Stéphanie , Barbat Valérie , Pons Frank , Zins Michel
Published: November 2018

This study examines the relationship between market orientation (MO) and the performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) within the context of economic crisis. It distinguishes between two levels of MO: responsive market orientation (RMO) and proactive market orientation (PMO). Data were collected on a sample of 300 SME. Findings indicate that SMEs, confronted with an economic downturn, use a MO approach that is both proactive and responsive, and reveal the moderator effect of the SME manager's perception of an economic crisis on PMO/RMO–performance. Research and practical implications are discussed. © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pregnancy after cancer: Timing is everything
Authors: Partridge Ann H.
Published: November 2018

Mounting evidence suggests that the earlier a pregnancy occurs in a woman after a cancer diagnosis, the higher the risk of neonatal complications. Such findings should inform expectant mothers who have a history of cancer as well as family planning for young survivors.
Parallelizing uncertain skyline computation against n‐of‐N data streaming model
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Xiaoyong , Ren Kaijun , Song Junqiang
Published: November 2018

The skyline query over uncertain data streams, as an important aspect of big data analysis, plays a significant role in domains such as environment monitoring, decision‐making, and data mining. The skyline query over uncertain data streams with sliding window model always focuses on the most recent N streaming items, which cannot meet the query requirements of different window scales at the same time. To improve the query flexibility and efficiency, we propose an efficient parallel method for processing uncertain n‐of‐N skyline queries; that is, computing the skyline for the most recent n (∀n ≤ N) items in parallel. Specifically, we first propose a framework for parallelizing the query computation for uncertain n‐of‐N skylines. Furthermore, we put forward a sliding window partitioning strategy as well as a streaming items mapping strategy to realize the load balance for each node. In addition, we define a spatial index structure RST based on R‐tree to organize the elements within each individual sliding window and candidate set in each which can significantly improve the dominance tests. Most importantly, we provide an encoding interval scheme to transform the n‐of‐N query into stabbing query in each compute node, which can greatly minimize the query scope and improve the query efficiency. In addition, we use a red‐black tree named RBI to store all stabbing intervals. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposals are efficient and can greatly meet the query requirement of users in real applications.
Topic extraction using local graph centrality and semantic similarity
Authors: Rajangam Engels , Annamalai Chitra
Published: November 2018

Topic extraction is a challenging task under Natural Language Processing and Text Mining. Topic extraction is useful in natural language processing tasks such as automated summarization, question answering, and personalized search. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised topic extraction method using semantic similarity, keyword significance, and graph centrality. First, we select semantically similar words from text documents. Next, we perform disambiguation to find the correct senses of selected words. Then, we build a weighted graph using semantic relationships and significance of words in the text. Finally, we identify topic keywords using a novel concurrent local weighted centrality (LWWC) from words represented as nodes in a graph. Using standard annotated CiteULike and standard Brown datasets, we evaluated the results with precision, recall, and F‐measure. We show that the proposed method yields results comparable with the state of the art LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) and S‐LDA (Sparse‐LDA) topic extraction techniques. We also show that the proposed concurrent LWWC algorithm is more effective than the existing generic centrality measures in networks of words. We verified the statistical significance of improved effectiveness of our approach, using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey‐Honest Significant Difference (Tukey‐HSD) post‐hoc methods.
M281, an Anti‐FcRn Antibody: Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety Across the Full Range of IgG Reduction in a First‐in‐Human Study
Authors: Ling Leona E. , Hillson Jan L. , Tiessen Renger G. , Bosje Tjerk , van Iersel Mattheus Paulus , Nix Darrell J. , Markowitz Lynn , Cilfone Nicholas A. , Duffner Jay , Streisand James B. , Manning Anthony M. , Arroyo Santiago
Published: November 2018

M281 is a fully human, anti‐neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antibody that inhibits FcRn‐mediated immunoglobulin G (IgG) recycling to decrease pathogenic IgG while preserving IgG production. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, first‐in‐human study with 50 normal healthy volunteers was designed to probe safety and the physiological maximum for reduction of IgG. Intravenous infusion of single ascending doses up to 60 mg/kg induced dose‐dependent serum IgG reductions, which were similar across all IgG subclasses. Multiple weekly doses of 15 or 30 mg/kg achieved mean IgG reductions of ≈85% from baseline and maintained IgG reductions ≥75% from baseline for up to 24 days. M281 was well tolerated, with no serious or severe adverse events (AEs), few moderate AEs, and a low incidence of infection‐related AEs similar to placebo treatment. The tolerability and consistency of M281 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics support further evaluation of M281 in diseases mediated by pathogenic IgG.
Alcohol Amination Catalyzed by Copper Powder as a Self‐Supported Catalyst
Authors: Wu Yajuan , Huang Yongji , Dai Xingchao , Shi Feng
Published: November 2018

Catalytic alcohol amination is a sustainable reaction for N‐alkyl amine synthesis. Homogeneous and supported copper catalysts have long been studied for this reaction and have given some impressive results. In this study, copper powder is found to behave as an active catalyst for alcohol amination, giving better catalytic performance than metal‐oxide‐supported nanocopper catalysts. Catalyst characterization suggests that the copper powder can be considered as a self‐supported nanocopper catalyst (i.e., nanocopper supported on copper particles). These results might promote the study of unsupported transition metal powders in sustainable catalytic reactions.
Seascapes as drivers of herbivore assemblages in coral reef ecosystems
Authors: Roff George , Bejarano Sonia , Priest Mark , Marshell Alyssa , Chollett Iliana , Steneck Robert S. , Doropoulos Christopher , Golbuu Yimnang , Mumby Peter J.
Published: November 2018

Notionally herbivorous fishes maintains a critical ecosystem function on coral reefs by grazing algae and maintaining highly productive algal turf assemblages. Current paradigms implicate habitat complexity, predation, and primary productivity as major drivers of the distribution and abundance of herbivorous fish, yet little is known about the relative contribution of these factors. Here, we compare bottom‐up and top‐down drivers of notional herbivore assemblages across an environmental gradient of wave exposure in the Palau archipelago. We surveyed herbivore assemblages at reef slopes (6–9 m) across 18 sites, and quantified proxies of top‐down control (predator biomass, habitat complexity) and bottom‐up drivers (net primary production, nutrients) at each site. Despite substantial variability in herbivore biomass throughout the archipelago (6–65 g/m2), general additive models indicate that neither top‐down nor bottom‐up drivers significantly predicted biomass or density of herbivores among sites. In contrast to expectations, herbivore biomass was highest at sites with high predator biomass, low structural complexity, and low benthic productivity. Rather, the highest biomass of herbivores was associated with shallow, tidally emergent, productive reef flats located adjacent to steep vertical walls (“drop‐offs”). The emergent nature of this neighboring habitat precluded occupation by territorial fishes and multiple species of herbivores were observed to make foraging runs into this habitat once tidally inundated. We hypothesize that this habitat configuration provides an important cross‐habitat resource subsidy. Multivariate ordination and permutation of herbivore communities revealed strong evidence for biogeographic partitioning throughout the archipelago (western, southwestern, inner eastern, and outer eastern clusters), contributing to an emerging picture that the habitat heterogeneity of seascapes can overwhelm the effects of conventional top‐down and bottom‐up structuring of herbivory on coral reefs.
Development of an Efficient Synthesis of rac‐3‐Demethoxyerythratidinone via a Titanium(III) Catalyzed Imine‐Nitrile Coupling
Authors: Luu Hieu‐Trinh , Streuff Jan
Published: November 2018

We herein describe the evolution of a rapid, high‐yielding synthesis of the erythrina alkaloid 3‐demethoxyerythratidinone. The natural product is assembled in six steps from commercial precursors in 30–35 % overall yield and with only two chromatographical purification operations. The key step is a titanium(III) catalyzed umpolung reaction in form of a reductive imine–nitrile coupling that can be combined with a subsequent cyclization reaction on a 50 mmol scale. Furthermore, optimized Wacker oxidation conditions enable the selective alkene oxidation in the presence of a tertiary amine functionality, which has been a problem in previous syntheses of erythrina alkaloids. The racemic route can be used to prepare the natural product on gram scale and the results may be useful for the synthesis of related alkaloids.
Rational Design of Cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene‐bridged Hole Transporting Materials for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Yan‐Duo , Lee Kun‐Mu , Ke Bo‐Yu , Chen Kai‐Shiang , Cheng Hao‐Chien , Lin Wei‐Juih , Chang Sheng Hsiung , Wu Chun‐Guey , Kuo Ming‐Chung , Chung Hsin‐Cheng , Chou Chien‐Chun , Chen Heng‐Yu , Liau Kang‐Ling , Chow Tahsin J. , Sun Shih‐Sheng
Published: November 2018

A series of small‐molecule‐based hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) featuring a 4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b : 3,4‐b′]dithiophene as the central core with triphenylamine‐ and carbazole‐based side groups was synthesized and evaluated for perovskite solar cells. The correlations of the chemical structure of the HTMs on the photovoltaic performance were explored through different combinations of the central π‐bridge moieties. The optical and electrochemical properties, energy levels, and hole mobility were systematically investigated, revealing the significant influence of the central core planarity and packing structure on their photovoltaic performance. The optimized device based on CT1 exhibited a PCE (power conversion efficiency) of 17.71 % with a device architecture of FTO/TiO2 compact layer/TiO2 mesoporous/CH3NH3PbI3/HTM/MoO3/Ag, which was found to be on par with that of a cell fabricated based on state‐of‐the‐art spiro‐OMeTAD (16.97 %) as HTM. Moreover, stability assessment showed an improved stability for CPDT‐based HTMs in comparison with spiro‐OMeTAD over 1300 h.
Prominent physical inactivity in acute dementia care: Psychopathology seems to be more important than the dose of sedative medication
Authors: Fleiner Tim , Gersie Marleen , Ghosh Sayantan , Mellone Sabato , Zijlstra Wiebren , Haussermann Peter
Published: November 2018

Introduction

To objectively quantify patients' physical activity and analyze the relationships between physical activity levels, psychopathology, and sedative medication in acute hospital dementia care.

Materials and Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we assessed the patients' physical activity based on data collection by hybrid motion sensors attached on their lower back. Daily doses of antipsychotics have been converted to olanzapine‐equivalents and daily benzodiazepine medication is reported as diazepam‐equivalents. We assessed patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory.

Results

We analyzed motion sensor data from 64 patients (MMSE M = 18.6). On average, patients were lying for 11.5 hours, sitting/standing sedentary for 10.3 hours, sitting/standing active for 1.0 hours, and walking for 1.2 hours per day. The analysis revealed no correlations between patients' physical activity and antipsychotic or benzodiazepine medication. More severe neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with a decrease in the patients' physical activity (r = .32, P = .01). In particular, patients with apathy symptoms were less physically active than patients without apathy symptoms.

Discussion

The results reveal that most of the patients in acute dementia care had very low levels of physical activity. Their physical inactivity may be due to the severity of their neuropsychiatric symptoms, especially apathy. Antipsychotic and benzodiazepine medication appeared to have less impact on patients' physical activity. Dementia care should pay more attention to prevent physical inactivity in patients.