bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bladder Cancer‐Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Tumor Angiogenesis by Inducing HBP‐Related Metabolic Reprogramming and SerRS O‐GlcNAcylation in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Peng Xiang , Zhang Chunlin , Bai Xuesong , Li Yang , Chen Guo , Guo Huixia , He Weiyang , Zhou Xiang , Gou Xin
Published: September 2022

A malformed tumour vascular network provokes the nutrient‐deprived tumour microenvironment (TME), which conversely activates endothelial cell (EC) functions and stimulates neovascularization. Emerging evidence suggests that the flexible metabolic adaptability of tumour cells helps to establish a metabolic symbiosis among various cell subpopulations in the fluctuating TME. In this study, the authors propose a novel metabolic link between bladder cancer (BCa) cells and ECs in the nutrient‐scarce TME, in which BCa‐secreted glutamine‐fructose‐6‐phosphate aminotransferase 1 (GFAT1) via small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) reprograms glucose metabolism by increasing hexosamine biosynthesis pathway flux in ECs and thus enhances O‐GlcNAcylation. Moreover, seryl‐tRNA synthetase (SerRS) O‐GlcNAcylation at serine 101 in ECs promotes its degradation by ubiquitination and impeded importin α5‐mediated nuclear translocation. Intranuclear SerRS attenuates vascular endothelial growth factor transcription by competitively binding to the GC‐rich region of the proximal promotor. Additionally, GFAT1 knockout in tumour cells blocks SerRS O‐GlcNAcylation in ECs and attenuates angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. However, administration of GFAT1‐overexpressing BCa cells‐derived sEVs increase the angiogenetic activity in the ECs of GFAT1‐knockout mice. In summary, this study suggests that inhibiting sEV‐mediated GFAT1 secretion from BCa cells and targeting SerRS O‐GlcNAcylation in ECs may serve as novel strategies for BCa antiangiogenetic therapy.
Unlocking Stable Multi‐Electron Cycling in NMC811 Thin‐Films between 1.5 – 4.7 V
Authors: Aribia Abdessalem , Sastre Jordi , Chen Xubin , Futscher Moritz H. , Rumpel Matthias , Priebe Agnieszka , Döbeli Max , Osenciat Nicolas , Tiwari Ayodhya N. , Romanyuk Yaroslav E.
Published: September 2022

Among cathode materials, LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) is the most discussed for high performance Li‐ion batteries, thanks to its capacity of ≈200 mAh g‐1 and low Co content. Here, it is demonstrated that NMC811 can reversibly accommodate more than one Li‐ion per formula unit when coupled with a solid‐state electrolyte, thus significantly increasing its capacity. Sputtered Li‐rich NMC811 cathodes are tested with lithium–phosphorus–oxynitride as a solid‐state electrolyte in a thin‐film architecture, which is a simplified 2D model with direct access to the cathode‐electrolyte interface. The solid‐state electrolyte helps to stabilize the interface and prevents capacity fading, voltage decay, and interface resistance growth, thus allowing cycling at extended voltage ranges of 1.5–4.7 V. While the liquid electrolyte cells suffer from rapid capacity decay, the Li‐rich NMC811 cells with the solid‐state electrolyte can cycle at a fast rate and an initial capacity of 149 mAh g‐1 from 1.5 to 4.3 V for 1000 cycles. The all‐solid‐state thin‐film cells with a lithium metal anode yield a discharge capacity of up to 350 mAh g‐1 at C/10 because of multi‐electron cycling with a coulombic efficiency of 90.1%. The results demonstrate how solid‐state electrolytes that are stable against NMC811 cathodes can unlock the full potential of this Li‐rich and Ni‐rich cathode class.
Selection of Redox Mediators for Reactivating Dead Li in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Jie , Cheng Zexiao , Liao Yaqi , Yuan Lixia , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui
Published: September 2022

Li metal batteries have suffered from dendrite growth and its derived dead Li formation for a long time. A new lithium restoration method through the shuttling of redox mediators has been proposed recently. However, the side reaction of severe self‐discharge often occurs when some redox mediators are used. Here, a selection principle of redox mediators for reactivating dead Li in lithium metal batteries is put forward, which is able to reactivate the dead Li effectively and reduce the self‐discharge at the same time. Three redox mediators of ferrocene (Fc), 10‐methylphenothiazine (MPT), and thianthrene (Th) with different redox potentials are tested in LiFePO4|Cu anode‐free Li metal batteries to clarify the selection principle. Furthermore, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinooxy (TEMPO), which is speculated to be a suitable one for reactivating dead Li in lithium metal batteries, is verified. This work provides a universal selection principle of redox mediators and may boost its practical application in Li metal batteries.
Accelerated Diffusion Kinetics in ZnTe/CoTe2 Heterojunctions for High Rate Potassium Storage
Authors: Zhang Chaofeng , Li Hao , Zeng Xiaohui , Xi Shibo , Wang Rui , Zhang Longhai , Liang Gemeng , Davey Kenneth , Liu Yuping , Zhang Lin , Zhang Shilin , Guo Zaiping
Published: September 2022

Potassium‐ion batteries hold practical potential for large‐scale energy storage owing to their appealing cell voltage and cost‐effective features. The development of anode materials with high rate capability and satisfactory cycle lifespan, however, is one of the key elements for exploiting this electrochemical energy storage system at practical levels. Here, a template‐assisted strategy is reported for acquiring a bimetallic telluride heterostructure which is supported on N‐doped carbon shell (ZnTe/CoTe2@NC) that promotes diffusion of K+ ions for rapid charge transfer. It is shown that in telluride heterojunctions, electron‐rich Te sites and built‐in electric fields contributed by electron transfer from ZnTe to CoTe2 concomitantly provide abundant cation adsorption sites and facilitate interfacial electron transport during potassiation/depotassiation. The relatively fine ZnTe/CoTe2 nanoparticles imparted by the heterojunction result in high structural stability, together with a highly reversible capacity up to 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1. Moreover, using judiciously combined experiment and theoretical computation, it is demonstrated that the energy barrier for K+ diffusion in telluride heterojunctions is significantly lower than that in individual counterparts. This quantitative design for fast and durable charge transfer in telluride heterostructures can be of immediate benefit for the rational design of batteries for low‐cost energy storage and conversion.
New information and family relationship (Hymenophyllaceae) for the fossil fern genus Acrostichopteris Fontaine and a new species from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of Spain
Authors: Skog Judith E. , Sender Luis Miguel
Published: September 2022

Premise

Reinvestigation of previously described fossil plants using improved techniques can provide insights for additional characters resulting in better family assignments and relationships to modern plants, as in this new study of the fossil fern Acrostichopteris from the mid‐Cretaceous. The discovery of new species within genera provides additional characteristics for comparisons and support for family assignments.

Methods

Fossil material was uncovered from the matrix (degagement) for the specimens described here. Material was removed from the matrix and mounted for examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Spores were extracted and prepared for examination with light, fluorescence, and SEM. Characters for the previously described material from the Potomac Group in the USA and the new material from Spain were compared with those of other fossils assigned to the genus.

Results

The genus, described by Fontaine in 1889, reexamined by Berry in 1911, and assigned to the Schizaeaceae by Reed in 1947, is reassigned to the family Hymenophyllaceae on the basis of characteristics of the pinnules, sori, sporangia, and spores. We describe a new species in the genus from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of Spain that most likely belongs in this family, based on characteristics of the pinnules and the sori. A summary of all the species previously assigned to the genus is included.

Conclusions

Assignment of this fossil to the family Hymenophyllaceae is based on all characters known and comparison to modern species, provides the time for appearance of characteristics within the family, and indicates diversification of Hymenophyllum species in the mid‐Cretaceous.
Diverse ecological functions and the convergent evolution of grass awns
Authors: Petersen Kurt B. , Kellogg Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2022

The awn of grasses is a long, conspicuous outgrowth of the floral bracts in a grass spikelet. It is known to impact agricultural yield, but we know little about its broader ecological function, nor the selective forces that lead to its evolution. Grass awns are phenotypically diverse across the extant ~12,000 species of Poaceae. Awns have been lost and gained repeatedly over evolutionary time, between and within lineages, suggesting that they could be under selection and might provide adaptive benefit in some environments. Despite the phylogenetic context, we know of no studies that have tested whether the origin of awns correlates with putative selective forces on their form and function. Presence or absence of awns is not plastic; rather, heritability is high. The awns of grasses often are suggested as adaptations for dispersal, and most experimental work has been aimed at testing this hypothesis. Proposed dispersal functions include soil burial, epizoochory, and aerial orientation. Awns may also protect the seed from drought, herbivores, or fire by helping it become buried in soil. We do not fully understand the fitness or nutrient costs of awn production, but in some species awns function in photosynthesis, providing carbon to the seed. Here we show that awns likely provide an adaptive advantage, but argue that studies on awn function have lacked critical phylogenetic information to demonstrate adaptive convergent evolution, are taxonomically biased, and often lack clear alternative hypotheses.
Association of Cortical Superficial Siderosis with Post‐Stroke Epilepsy
Authors: Tanaka Tomotaka , Fukuma Kazuki , Abe Soichiro , Matsubara Soichiro , Ikeda Shuhei , Kamogawa Naruhiko , Ishiyama Hiroyuki , Hosoki Satoshi , Kobayashi Katsuya , Shimotake Akihiro , Nakaoku Yuriko , Ogata Soshiro , Nishimura Kunihiro , Koga Masatoshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Matsumoto Riki , Takahashi Ryosuke , Ikeda Akio , Ihara Masafumi
Published: September 2022

Objective

To assess whether post‐stroke epilepsy (PSE) is associated with neuroimaging findings of hemosiderin in a case–control study, and whether the addition of hemosiderin markers improves the risk stratification models of PSE.

Methods

We performed a post‐hoc analysis of the PROgnosis of POST‐Stroke Epilepsy study enrolling PSE patients at National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan, from November 2014 to September 2019. PSE was diagnosed when one unprovoked seizure was experienced >7 days after the index stroke, as proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy. As controls, consecutive acute stroke patients with no history or absence of any late seizure or continuing antiseizure medications at least 3 months after stroke were retrospectively enrolled during the same study period. We examined cortical microbleeds and cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) using gradient‐echo T2*‐weighted images. A logistic regression model with ridge penalties was tuned using 10‐fold cross‐validation. We added the item of cSS to the existing models (SeLECT and CAVE) for predicting PSE and evaluated performance of new models.

Results

The study included 180 patients with PSE (67 women; median age 74 years) and 1,183 controls (440 women; median age 74 years). The cSS frequency was higher in PSE than control groups (48.9% vs 5.7%, p < 0.0001). Compared with the existing models, the new models with cSS (SeLECT‐S and CAVE‐S) demonstrated significantly better predictive performance of PSE (net reclassification improvement 0.63 [p = 0.004] for SeLECT‐S and 0.88 [p = 0.001] for CAVE‐S at the testing data).

Interpretation

Cortical superficial siderosis was associated with PSE, stratifying stroke survivors at high risk of PSE. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:357–370
Applying a Circular Economy to the Water Community: A Holistic Approach
Authors: Richardson Colby , Sham Chi Ho
Published: September 2022

Key Takeaways

The water community's continued adherence to a traditional, use‐and‐discard linear economy could be detrimental to the environment and the global population.

Circular economies realize financial and ecological benefits by fully optimizing resources and products through reduction of materials and waste, recovery of materials for reuse, and recycling.

By espousing the practices of a circular economy, with water reuse at its core, water utilities can contribute to economic and environmental well‐being and help protect a threatened resource.
Determination of six core components from Mahuang Xuanfei Zhike syrup in rat plasma and tissues by UPLC–MS/MS: Application to a pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhu Jing , Yao Chang‐liang , Guo De‐an , He Na , Mei Quan‐xi , Feng Guang‐jun , Chen Qin‐hua , Yang Guang‐yi
Published: September 2022

Mahuang Xuanfei Zhike (MXZ) syrup, a Chinese patent medicine, has been widely used in the clinical treatment of cough. However, there is no reported method for the quantitative analysis of the effective components of MXZ syrup in biological samples. In this study, the effective components of MXZ syrup were screened by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. A sensitive and rapid ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was established to test the active components of MXZ syrup in rat plasma and tissue homogenates, including ephedrine, amygdalin, chlorogenic acid, harpagoside, forsythin and forsythoside A. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) and the mass analysis was conducted using a Waters Xevo TQ mass spectrometer using multiple reaction positive and negative ion simultaneous monitoring mode. The results showed that the linearity ranged from 0.3 to 409.4 ng/ml. The extraction recoveries were all <8.33%, and the matrix effects were all <8.45, which met the requirements. The pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution results indicated that the main active components of MXZ syrup were absorbed quickly and eliminated slowly in vivo, and there may be a reabsorption process.
Palladin promotes cancer stem cell‐like properties in lung cancer by activating Wnt/Β‐Cateninsignaling
Authors: Shu Xiong , Chen Meng , Liu Shi‐Ya , Yu Long , Sun Li‐Xin , Sun Li‐Chao , Ran Yu‐Liang
Published: September 2022

Background

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for drug resistance, cancer relapse, and metastasis. Here, we report the first analysis of Palladin expression and its impacts on stem cell‐like properties in lung cancer.

Methods

Tissue microarrays were used to investigate Palladin expression and its association with prognosis. Immunofluorescence (IF), flow fluorescence assay, and Western blot were performed to detect Palladin expression in 6 NSCLC cell lines. Cell phenotypes and drug resistance were evaluated. Xenograft models were constructed to confirm the role of Palladin in vivo.

Results

By using the tissue microarrays, Palladin was identified to be highly expressed in the cytoplasm, specifically in the cytomembrane of NSCLC, and its high expression is associated with poor prognosis. Palladin is widely expressed and enriched in the sphere cells. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that Palladin promoted stem cell‐like properties, including cell viability, invasion, migration, self‐renewal abilities, taxol resistance, and tumorigenicity. Western blot revealed that Palladin promoted the accumulation of β‐catenin and activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Tissue microarrays analysis further confirmed the positive correlation between Palladin and β‐catenin. Wnt/β‐catenin pathway inhibitor blocked the Palladin‐induced enhancement of sphere‐forming.

Conclusions

Palladin might act as an oncogene by promoting CSCs‐like properties and tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells via the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Besides, Palladin was identified to have the potential as a cell surface marker for LCSCs identification. These findings provide a possible target for developing putative agents targeted to LCSCs.
SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines: A double‐edged sword throughout rapid evolution of COVID‐19
Authors: Zolfaghari Mohammad Ali , Ghadiri Moghaddam Farzaneh , Rajput Shabnam , Karimi Abbas , Naghi Vishteh Mohadeseh , Mahmoodpoor Ata , Dolati Sanam , Yousefi Mehdi
Published: September 2022

After more than 2 years of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, several questions have remained unanswered that affected our daily lives. Although substantial vaccine development could resist this challenge, emerging new variants in different countries could be considered as potent concerns regarding the adverse effects of reinfection or postvaccination. Precisely, these concerns address some significant and probable outcomes in vaccinated or reinfected models, followed by some virus challenges, such as antibody‐dependent enhancement and cytokine storm. Therefore, the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) elicited by vaccination and the rise of new variants must be addressed.
Effect of selenium biofortification on bioaccessibility, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potentials of phenolic compounds in germinated black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr)
Authors: Huang Junyi , Yang Jingyi , Miao Qianqian , Olajide Tosin Michael , Qian Jiana , Liu Haoyue , Ou Pengcheng , Liao Xianyan
Published: September 2022

Background and Objective

Biofortification with inorganic selenium has become a key strategy to enhance selenium content in crops. This study aimed to investigate the changes of phenolic compounds and their effects on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities during in vitro digestion of selenium biofortified germinated black soybeans (GBS‐Se).

Findings

The bioaccessibility of total polyphenols and total flavonoids in GBS‐Se were significantly lower than those of germinated black soybeans (GBS). p‐Coumaric acid and salicylic acid in GBS‐Se and GBS increased significantly in the oral phase; syringic acid and benzoic acid were the main phenolic acids in the gastric phase, while phenolic acids decreased continuously in the intestinal phase. There was some minor difference between the antioxidant activities of GBS‐Se and GBS in vitro digested products, but their 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power reducing capacities increased compared with those before digestion. In addition, inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were observed only in undigested black soybean phenolic extracts.

Conclusions

Selenium fortification affected the phenolic compounds and their bioaccessibility of GBS, which should be considered in nutrition research.

Significance and Novelty

These results could help systematically evaluate the effect of selenium fortification on the digestibility of phenolic compounds in GBS and provide a reference for the development and application of Se‐enriched functional foods.
Den Gips durch das Rohr geblasen
Authors: Sienk Thorsten
Published: September 2022

Für den Transport des gebrannten und fein gemahlenen Natursteins zwischen Gips‐ und Faserplattenwerk kommt bei Knauff ein Rohrleistungssystem zum Einsatz. Schraubenverdichter vom Aerzen Typ Delta Screw sorgen bei der pneumatischen Förderung für die energieeffiziente Druckluft und Volumenstrom des Schüttguts.
Silan‐modifizierte Polymere in Kleb‐ und Dichtstoffen
Authors: Schäfer Sascha , Damke Jan‐Erik
Published: September 2022

SMPs haben eine eindrucksvolle Entwicklung seit den 1990er Jahren bis heute genommen. Im Markt für elastisches Kleben sind sie überproportional gewachsen und haben sich als fester Bestandteil etabliert. War dieser anfangs nur von einem Hersteller dominiert, haben sich über die Jahre immer mehr Firmen ein eigenes SMP‐Präpolymer‐ oder Produkt‐Portfolio aufgebaut. SMPs haben sich aus der Bauindustrie heraus in viele weitere Anwendungsfelder für elastische Fügemethoden weiterentwickelt. Sie zeichnen sich durch Vorteile wie Variabilität, einfache und sichere Handhabung, hohe Beständigkeit gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen und formbare Ästhetik aus. Das wichtigste Anwendungsfeld bleibt auch in naher Zukunft die Bau‐ und Heimwerkerindustrie. Zunehmend profitieren jedoch die Fahrzeug‐ und Maschinenbauindustrie von den Lösungen der elastischen Verklebungen und Dichtungen auf der Grundlage von SMPs.
Analysis of short‐ and long‐term system response during gas production from a gas hydrate deposit at the UBGH2‐6 site of the Ulleung Basin in the Korean East Sea
Authors: Moridis George J. , Kim Jihoon , Reagan Matthew T. , Kim Se‐Joon
Published: September 2022

This study is a continuation of an investigation into the feasibility of long‐term production from a marine hydrate accumulation that has the properties and conditions of the UBGH2‐6 (UBGH2, Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrates 2; 2 is the number of the scientific expedition) site at the Ulleung Basin in the Korean East Sea. The 12.7 m‐thick system is in deep water (2157 m), but at 140 m below the seafloor. It is characterized by alternating hydrate‐free clays and muds and hydrate‐rich sand layers. The layered stratigraphy and the presence of mud layers favours the use of vertical wells rather than horizontal wells for production. The analysis indicates that production from such a hydrate accumulation is technically feasible, but the gas production rates are generally low. Water production accompanying gas production from this deposit appears manageable under all the scenarios investigated in this study, however, the water‐to‐gas ratio is high. Subsidence at the ocean floor at the end of a 14 day test is quite limited. However, there is significant uncertainty in the predictions of the geomechanical system's behaviour because they are not based on measured system properties but only on estimates/assumptions from analogues. The long‐term production potential of the reservoir at the site investigated here appears challenging because of the limited effectiveness of dissociation and large water production, in addition to substantial subsidence.
The effects of dispersal, herbivory, and competition on plant community assembly
Authors: Allbee Samantha A. , Rogers Haldre S. , Sullivan Lauren L.
Published: September 2022

Dispersal is a key process in community assembly but is often considered separately from downstream assembly processes (e.g., competition, herbivory). However, dispersal varies by species and can interact with other assembly processes through establishment as species enter communities. Here, we sought to distinguish the role of dispersal in community assembly and its interaction with two biotic assembly processes: competition and herbivory. We used a tallgrass prairie restoration experiment that manipulated the competitive and herbivore environments while allowing for natural dispersal and establishment from a diverse regional species pool into areas of low diversity. Dispersal, competition, and herbivory all influenced local communities. By tracking the spread of four target species across the plots, we found interspecific and intraspecific differences in establishment patterns, with herbivores influencing the number of individuals present and the distances species moved. At the community level, only dispersal and competition significantly influenced alpha diversity, but all three processes additively influenced community composition. There was also evidence of herbivore–competition and herbivore–colonization trade‐offs in our experiment. Some species that could tolerate herbivory were less likely to establish in competitive environments, while others that could tolerate herbivory were more likely to disperse greater distances. More work is needed to understand the contexts under which dispersal variation affects community assembly and its synergy with other processes.
Development of multi‐port converter with square‐wave‐voltage multilevel converter and active power filter connected in series
Authors: Watanabe Hiroki , Miyasita Mitsuru , Itoh Jun‐Ichi , Noge Yuichi , Ishibashi Masaki
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a multi‐port DC‐AC converter with high efficiency and high‐power density. The proposed circuit consists of a full bridge converter, a series active filter, and an unfolder circuit. The proposed circuit reduces the low switching losses owing to the square waveform operation with low switching frequency. In addition, the proposed converter improves the power density because the number of inductors is significantly reduced compared to the conventional multi‐port converter. As the experimental result, the maximum efficiency of the proposed circuit reached 99.3%. Finally, the power density of the proposed converter is evaluated by the Pareto front curve. As the result, the power density of the proposed circuit was increased by 1.6 times in comparison with the conventional circuit.
We Need to Talk about Kekulé: The 150th Anniversary of the Benzene Structure
Authors: De Clercq Pierre
Published: September 2022

Although the paper published by Kekulé in 1865 is generally accepted as the seminal document regarding the elucidation of the structure of benzene, it was not for another seven years that Kekulé introduced a “collision theory” which, in his view, made the 1,3,5‐cyclohexatriene formulation at last acceptable. 2022 is therefore an appropriate year to celebrate the 150th anniversary of his proposal. The present Perspective focusses in particular on how Kekulé’s mind has evolved during that short period of time. After a short introduction, followed by a historical note about the emergence of aromatic chemistry and the role of Kekulé as founder of structural organic chemistry, this Perspective discloses in three chapters the step‐by‐step unveiling of the 1,3,5‐cyclohexatriene structure and focusses on Kekulé’s own dubiety about this formula. Eventually, in 1872 Kekulé’s benzene saga is completed in the article in which he discloses his final theory on the structure of benzene. In the last section, a short review is presented on the later quest for a fully symmetric single‐formula representation of benzene.
Financial assessment of the community‐based dental education program at the Indiana University School of Dentistry
Authors: Shukla Anubhuti , Amrutham Bhavya Vaishnavi , Romito Laura , Rodriguez Andres Alfredo Mantilla , Martinez Mier E. Angeles
Published: September 2022

Background

There is a gap in access to oral health services for millions of Americans residing in health professional shortage areas. The community‐based dental education program at the Indiana University School of Dentistry is an innovative model that aims to improve access to oral health services in rural underserved Indiana.

Objective

With this study, our goal was to assess the financial implications of the program over a period of 3 years (2018–2021).

Methods

Proxy estimates for the revenue generated by students at the community clinic sites were calculated and compared against the implementation costs of the program as well as revenue lost by the school during the rotation period. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the quantitative impact of the program over the 3 years.

Results

The total of 7460 patients who were offered care as part of this program were mostly from the uninsured group or were covered under Medicaid. According to our cost‐benefit analysis which was conducted during the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the total revenue of $1,777,097 was generated by students at the community sites through the 3‐year period. The revenue generated was still more than the dollar amount invested in running the program, given the timeline of the study was when elective services were mostly suspended.

Conclude

We conclude community programs like these have an impact beyond the dollar value; they can be modeled to be cost‐effective, improve access to oral health services for millions of Americans in underserved settings and at the same time provide a great learning experience for dental students.
Identification, isolation, and structural characterization of novel forced degradation products of apixaban using advanced analytical techniques
Authors: Salakolusu Suresh , Sharma Ganapavarapu Veera Raghava , Katari Naresh Kumar , Puppala Umamaheshwar , Kaliyapermal Muralidharan , Vijay Rajani , Doddipalla Raju , Geereddi Mahesh Kumar Reddy
Published: September 2022

The current research explains the stress degradation behavior of Apixaban, which is an anticoagulant or blood thinner. The degradation was conducted using hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions. Apixaban is relatively stable in oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions; however, considerable degradation was observed in acid and base hydrolysis. Degradation products were identified using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, isolated using semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography, and structural characterization by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A total of five degradation products were identified and isolated in acid and base degradation. Degradation products 1, 2, and 3 were observed in acid conditions, whereas in base conditions, along with those three, two more degradation products 4 and 5 were identified. The representative thing was that among the five degradation products, two sets of positional isomers 1, 4, and 2, 5 were observed; out of which 2 and 5 are novel. The remaining degradation products 1, 3, and 4 are already reported tentatively using a single analytical technique of mass analysis without any evidence from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Hence, the present study focused on using high‐resolution mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data for concrete confirmation of structures for degradation products.
Guide mapping for effective superficial photothermal coagulation of the esophagus using computer simulations with ex vivo sheep model validation study
Authors: Turker‐Burhan Merve , Ersoy Nevin , Bagriyanik Husnu A. , Tozburun Serhat
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The transfer and widespread acceptance of laser‐induced thermal therapy into gastroenterology remain a topic of interest. However, a practical approach to the quantitative effect of photothermal injury in the esophagus needs further investigation. Here, we aim to perform computer simulations that simulate laser scanning and calculate the laser‐induced thermal damage area. The simulation engine offers the results in a guide map for laser coagulation with a well‐confined therapeutic area according to laser irradiance and surface scanning speed. The study also presents validation experiments that include histology analyses in an ex vivo sheep esophagus model.

Methods

The simulation engine was developed based on the Monte‐Carlo method and the Arrhenius damage integral. The computational model mimicked laser scanning by shifting the position of the calculated heat source in the grating system along the axis to be scanned. The performance of the simulations was tested in an ex vivo sheep esophagus model at a laser wavelength of 1505 nm. Histological analysis, hematoxylin–eosin staining, light microscope imaging, and block‐face scanning electron microscopy were used to assess thermal damage to the tissue model.

Results

The developed simulation engine estimated the photothermal coagulation area for a surface scanning speed range of 0.5–8 mm/second and laser power of up to 0.5 W at a 0.9‐nm laser diameter in a tissue model with a volume of 4 × 4 × 4 mm3. For example, the optimum laser irradiation for effective photothermal coagulation in the mucosa and superficial submucosa depths was estimated to be between 16.4 and 31.8 W/cm2, 23.2 and 38.1 W/cm2 at 0.5 and 1 mm/second, respectively. The computational results, summarized as a guide map, were directly compared with the results of ex vivo tissue experiments. In addition, it was pointed out that the comparative theoretical and experimental data overlap significantly in terms of energy density.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the developed simulation approach could be a seed algorithm for further preclinical and clinical trials and a complementary tool to the laser‐induced photothermal coagulation technique for superficial treatments in the gastrointestinal tract. In future preclinical studies, it is thought that the simulation engine can be enriched by combining it with an in vivo model for different laser wavelengths.
NOD1 induces pyroptotic cell death to aggravate liver ischemia‐reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Shipeng , Zhang Guoliang , Cai Jinzhen
Published: September 2022

Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) can direct the release of inflammatory factors and influence autophagy and apoptosis in hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice. As pyroptosis is involved in a number of inflammatory reactions, in this report, we investigated the potential for NOD1 to affect pyroptosis. We found that an increased expression of NOD1 during IRI was related to activation of the pyroptotic signaling pathway. With NOD1 activation, cleavage fragments of Caspase‐1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and interleukin (IL)‐1β were all increased. Moreover, downregulation of NOD1 expression in AML12 cells exerted an opposite effect. Expression levels of cleaved‐Caspase‐1 and cleaved‐GSDMD decreased after exposure to IRI and the number of cell membrane pores and apoptotic or pyroptotic cells decreased, along with the contents of inflammatory factors and lactate dehydrogenase in the supernatants of AML12 cells. Based on these findings, we conclude that NOD1 aggravates the pyroptotic cell death associated with hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury in a mouse model via the Caspase‐1/GSDMD axis. These findings help to alleviate pyroptotic cell death during liver transplantation or resection, providing new insights into novel protective therapies for liver IRI.
Periodic solutions of indefinite planar systems with asymmetric nonlinearities via rotation numbers
Authors: Liu Chunlian , Wang Shuang
Published: September 2022

We consider an indefinite planar system
under asymmetric non‐resonance conditions and obtain the existence of
‐periodic solutions by combining a rotation number approach together with the Poincaré‐Bohl theorem. We allow that the angular velocity of solutions of
is controlled by the angular velocity of solutions of two positively homogeneous systems
and then characterize the rotation behavior of solutions of the planar system by the rotation numbers of the positively homogeneous systems. Because the system under consideration is strongly asymmetric and controlled by two positively homogeneous systems on the left half‐plane, the time that solutions stay in the left half‐plane in
‐period is intermittent; therefore, we estimate the angle difference of the dwell time of solution orbits in the half phase plane and develop a system method of “tracking” the angle difference of solutions of system
on each small interval on the given side under the sign‐varying conditions.
Pharmacokinetic modeling of PSMA‐targeted nanobubbles for quantification of extravasation and binding in mice models of prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Chuan , Perera Reshani , Kolios Michael C. , Wijkstra Hessel , Mischi Massimo , Exner Agata A. , Turco Simona
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) by injection of microbubbles (MBs) has shown promise as a cost‐effective imaging modality for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. More recently, nanobubbles (NBs) have been proposed as novel ultrasound contrast agents. Unlike MBs, which are intravascular ultrasound contrast agents, the smaller diameter of NBs allows them to cross the vessel wall and target specific receptors on cancer cells such as the prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA). It has been demonstrated that PSMA‐targeted NBs can bind to the receptors of PCa cells and show a prolonged retention effect in dual‐tumor mice models. However, the analysis of the prolonged retention effect has so far been limited to qualitative or semi‐quantitative approaches.

Methods

This work introduces two pharmacokinetics models for quantitative analysis of time–intensity curves (TICs) obtained from the CEUS loops. The first model is based on describing the vascular input by the modified local density random walk (mLDRW) model and independently interprets TICs from each tumor lesion. Differently, the second model is based on the reference‐tissue model, previously proposed in the context of nuclear imaging, and describes the binding kinetics of an indicator in a target tissue by using a reference tissue where binding does not occur.

Results

Our results show that four estimated parameters, β, , , for the mLDRW‐input model, and γ for the reference‐based model, were significantly different (p‐value <0.05) between free NBs and PSMA‐NBs. These parameters estimated by the two models demonstrate different behaviors between PSMA‐targeted and free NBs.

Conclusions

These promising results encourage further quantitative analysis of targeted NBs for improved cancer diagnostics and characterization.
Supercritical CO2 impregnation process applied to polymer samples preparation for dynamic nuclear polarization solid‐state NMR
Authors: Le Dao , Frison Amélie , Masmoudi Yasmine , Bouledjouidja Abir , Thureau Pierre , Mollica Giulia , Badens Elisabeth , Ziarelli Fabio , Viel Stéphane
Published: September 2022

In this study, supercritical CO2 (scCO2) was used to impregnate polymers with paramagnetic polarizing agents to prepare samples for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) experiments. As a proof of concept, we impregnated polystyrene samples with bTbK, which stands for bis‐TEMPO‐bisketal where TEMPO is 2,2,6,6‐tetra‐methylpiperindin‐1‐oxyl. Substantial DNP signal enhancements could be measured on DNP‐enhanced 1H → 13C cross‐polarization (CP) magic‐angle spinning (MAS) spectra recorded at 9.4 T and ~100 K, reaching a maximum value of 8 in the most favorable case, which appeared comparable or even higher than what is typically obtained on similar systems for former sample preparation methods. These results highlight the potential of scCO2 impregnation as an efficient and possibly versatile methodology to prepare polymer samples for DNP ssNMR investigations.
A new stochastic residual error based homotopy approach for stability analysis of structures with large fluctuation of random parameters
Authors: Zhang Heng , Huang Bin , Liu Yuhao , Xiang Xu , Wu Zhifeng
Published: September 2022

The large fluctuation of uncertain parameters introduces a great challenge in the stability analysis of structures. To address this problem, a novel stochastic residual error based homotopy method is proposed in this article. This new method used the concept of homotopy to reconstruct a new governing equation for stochastic elastic buckling analysis, and the closed‐form solutions of the isolated buckling eigenvalues and eigenvectors are obtained by the stochastic homotopy analysis method. On this basis, apth order origin moment of the stochastic residual error with respect to the elastic buckling equation is defined. Then, the optimal form of the homotopy series can be determined automatically by minimizing thepth order origin moment, which overcomes the disadvantage of highly relying on sample values of the existing homotopy stochastic finite element method. Moreover, the proposed method is developed to deal with the stochastic closely spaced buckling eigenvalue problem. Three mathematical examples and three buckling eigenvalue examples, including a variable cross‐section column, a 7‐story frame, and a Kiewitt single‐layer latticed spherical shell, are performed to illustrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with the existing methods when dealing with large fluctuation of random parameters.
Freie‐Elektronen‐Laser bringen Licht in den Auger‐Prozess
Authors: Ilchen Markus , Helml Wolfram , Meyer Michael , Kienberger Reinhard
Published: September 2022

Der Auger‐Effekt ist ein fundamentaler Prozess, bei dem Energie in Materie, etwa nach Aufnahme kurzwelliger Strahlung, durch Abgabe von Elektronen typischerweise innerhalb weniger Femtosekunden umverteilt wird. Experimente an Röntgenlasern machen es nun möglich, diesen bedeutsamen Effekt in bisher unerforschten Zuständen der Materie und in „Echtzeit“ zu untersuchen. Hierdurch lässt sich die interdisziplinäre Bedeutung des Auger‐Prozesses aus ganz neuen Blickwinkeln studieren, und wir erlangen im Detail Zugang zur ultraschnellen Dynamik der komplexen elektronischen Struktur von Materie.
Zweistimmiges Solo
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo
Published: September 2022

Beim Obertongesang hört man scheinbar zwei Stimmen. Dies beruht auf dem Trick, einen Grundton zu singen und dabei sehr hohe Obertöne zu verstärken. Daraus folgt die Wahrnehmung getrennter Töne. Der Obertongesang erfordert dabei eine präzise Technik. Dazu teilt die zum Gaumen hochgebogene Zunge den Mundraum in zwei Kammern.
Turm der Farben
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim
Published: September 2022

Durch eine Art physiologischen Weißabgleich tendiert die visuelle Wahrnehmung dazu, die Farbe des Lichts überwiegend als weiß anzusehen. Das funktioniert aber nicht immer.
Metastatic pulmonary calcification mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report
Authors: Loh Thian Chee , Pang Yong Kek , Liam Chong Kin , Chew Man Fong , Tan Jiunn Liang
Published: September 2022

Metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) is characterized by deposition of calcium in the normal lung parenchyma secondary to elevation of serum calcium. Most patients are asymptomatic and routine chest radiograph is not sensitive to make the diagnosis. Further imaging is needed such as computed tomography (CT) which typically shows small centrilobular nodules in the upper lobes. We report a case of a 30‐year‐old woman with end stage kidney disease who was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis which was then revised to metastatic pulmonary calcification. The CT thorax feature for this patient was atypical for metastatic pulmonary calcification where it demonstrated tree‐in‐bud nodules suggestive of infection. The final diagnosis was made based on bronchoalveolar lavage which was culture‐negative for Mycobacterium and transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrating calcium deposition in the interstitium.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nicotinonitrile Derivatives as Efficient Corrosion Inhibitors for Acid Pickling of Brass Alloy in Nitric Acid
Authors: Keshk Reda. M. , Elgawad Ghada. E. Abd , Sallam Eman. R. , Alsubaie Mai S. , Fetouh Howida. A.
Published: September 2022

Three nitrogen‐heterocyclic nicotinonitriles compounds 4, 6‐dimethyl‐2‐(methylamino)‐nicotinonitrile 3; 2‐(dimethylamino)‐4, 6‐dimethyl‐nicotinonitrile 4, 2‐((3‐bromophenyl)‐amino)‐4, 6‐dimethyl‐nicotinonitrile 5 are prepared and characterized by Fourier transformer infra‐red spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Novelty of study is synthesis and evaluation of new series organic compounds of related chemical structures as corrosion inhibitors acid pickling of brass alloy by nitric acid. Compound 5 is prepared for the first time. Compounds 3–5 are potent biocides and efficient corrosion inhibitors for brass alloy. Inhibition efficiency 94 %, 95 %, 96 % are achieved at 180 ppm compounds 3–5, respectively. Inhibition efficiency followed the order: compound 5>4>3. For compound 5, increase charge transfer resistance and decrease in capacitance of electrical double layer confirmed adsorption mechanism. Limiting current indicated that corrosion is controlled by mass transfer of oxygen toward metal surface. Inhibition efficiency followed quantitative structure activity relationships. For the same molecular chemical structure of nicotinonitriles compounds 3–5, Substituents methylamino, dimethylamino and 3‐bromophenylamino increased inhibition efficiency following the order: 3‐Br‐C6 H4 NH>(CH3 )2 N>CH3NH.
Measures of religion and spirituality in dementia: An integrative review
Authors: Britt Katherine Carroll , Kwak Jung , Acton Gayle , Richards Kathy C. , Hamilton Jill , Radhakrishnan Kavita
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Literature on the association of religion and spirituality (R/S) and health is growing. However, it is unclear how R/S affects outcomes and is assessed in persons with dementia (PWDs). In this integrative review, we evaluate published R/S measures and synthesize R/S findings for PWDs.

Methods

We searched five databases (ATLA Religion, CINAHL, PsychInfo, PubMed, SocIndex) and identified 14 of 1043 studies for review. We assess the studies’ information, quality, measures, and results.

Results

We identified 17 measures for R/S: six were adapted for use with PWDs and only two were validated for PWDs; most studies reported only measures’ reliability, with Cronbach's alpha. The studies’ findings support significant positive associations between R/S and cognitive function and negative associations between R/S and depression and behavioral expressions.

Discussion

The two validated scales indicated acceptable validity with overall good reliability. Nevertheless, diverse samples and rigorous study designs are needed to improve R/S measures and to examine associations over time for PWDs.

Highlights

Few scales for measuring religion and spirituality (R/S) have been validated in persons with dementia (PWD); additional testing is needed.

Most R/S measures only reported scale reliability with Cronbach's alpha.

Studies supported positive associations between R/S and health yet few studies exist. conducted.

Only one spiritual intervention, spiritual reminiscence, was found for PWD.

More rigorous R/S studies are needed to examine health outcomes in dementia.
The effects of salinity changes on anammox performance: The response rule and tolerance mechanism
Authors: Wang Qingqing , He Shilong , Yang Wan , Zhu Jiabao , Zhang Wenkang , Xue Runze , Liu Longmin
Published: September 2022

Some wastewaters contain high concentrations of ammonia coexisting with large amounts of salt, which might negatively affect the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process. In this study, the performance of the anammox process under different saline conditions was investigated using an upflow anaerobic sludge bed‐anammox system. After long‐term operating for 275 days, the results indicated that the nitrogen removal efficiency remained high under the 0–40 g NaCl/L, and low salinity (15 g NaCl/L) substantially promoted specific anammox activity. Affected by the saline environment, the appearance, color, and shape of sludge notably changed, and the amount of extracellular polymeric substances gradually increased with increasing salinity, which might be one of the reasons for the strong salt tolerance of the system. Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes were the dominant strains under long‐term salinity, and Brocadiaceae_g_ unclassified exhibited halophilic characteristics. The redundancy analysis results showed that the concentration of influent NH4+‐N and salinity were the main environmental factors affecting the microbial community of the system.

Practitioner Points

Provides data to support the maximum value for salinity wastewater treatment with anammox processes' tolerance of 40 g NaCl/L.

EPS changes may be responsible for the response to salinity challenges and provide direction for high salinity wastewater treatment.

Brocadiaceae_g_ unclassified exhibited a halophilic quality. And it can be focused on to improve treatment efficiency.