bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
My health and theirs: clients constructing meanings for a health service programme for unemployed people
Authors: Romppainen Katri , Saloniemi Antti , Jähi Rita , Virtanen Pekka
Published: January 2012

Health care research has been more interested in identifying reasons why people do not participate in health interventions than in trying to understand the reasons why they do. This study examined how unemployed people position themselves with regard to a new health service which was set up as part of an institutional strategy for delivering and enabling their access to health care. Positioning theory was used as a methodological framework to analyse participants’ responses to the novel health service. The focus was on two main issues: the way clients’ positions are established through discourse, and the range of factors that come into play in determining those positions. The analysis revealed six positions unemployed people use when encountering the studied service: the docile citizen, the rebel, the socially responsible citizen, the distinctive individual, the independent actor and the calculating client. These positions and associated discourses display the different sets of rights and duties of the client and simultaneously define the positions of the service. While illustrating how a health service engaged with the ideology of equality is integrated into the value framework of the clients, the findings contribute to the ongoing debate on need of particular health services for unemployed people.
Sex and the community: the implications of neighbourhoods and social networks for sexual risk behaviours among urban gay men
Authors: Kelly Brian C. , Carpiano Richard M. , Easterbrook Adam , Parsons Jeffrey T.
Published: January 2012

Gay neighbourhoods have historically served as vital places for gay socialising, and gay social networks are important sources of social support. Yet, few studies have examined the influence of these forms of community on sexual health. Informed by theoretical frameworks on neighbourhoods and networks, we employ multi‐level modelling to test hypotheses concerning whether gay neighbourhoods and social network factors are associated with five sexual risk behaviours: receptive and insertive unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), barebacking identity, recent internet use for finding sexual partners, and ‘Party and Play’ (PnP). Our analyses of a community‐based sample of gay men in New York City reveal little evidence for the direct effect of gay enclaves on sexual risk with the exception of PnP, which was more likely among gay enclave residents. Having a network composed predominantly of other gay men was associated with insertive UAI, PnP, and internet use for meeting sexual partners. This network type also mediated the association between gay neighbourhoods and higher odds of insertive UAI as well as PnP. Our findings highlight the sexual health implications of two important facets of gay community and, in doing so, indicate the need to better contextualise the sexual health risks faced by gay men.
Valproic acid in association with highly active antiretroviral therapy for reducing systemic HIV‐1 reservoirs: results from a multicentre randomized clinical study
Authors: Routy JP , Tremblay CL , Angel JB , Trottier B , Rouleau D , Baril JG , Harris M , Trottier S , Singer J , Chomont N , Sékaly RP , Boulassel MR
Published: January 2012

Objectives

Conflicting results have been reported regarding the ability of valproic acid (VPA) to reduce the size of HIV reservoirs in patients receiving suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In a randomized multicentre, cross‐over study, we assessed whether adding VPA to stable HAART could potentially reduce the size of the latent viral reservoir in CD4 T cells of chronically infected patients.

Methods

A total of 56 virologically suppressed patients were randomly assigned either to receive VPA plus HAART for 16 weeks followed by HAART alone for 32 weeks (arm 1; n = 27) or to receive HAART alone for 16 weeks and then VPA plus HAART for 32 weeks (arm 2; n = 29). VPA was administered at a dose of 500 mg twice a day (bid) and was adjusted to the therapeutic range. A quantitative culture assay was used to assess HIV reservoirs in CD4 T cells at baseline and at weeks 16 and 48.

Results

No significant reductions in the frequency of CD4 T cells harbouring replication‐competent HIV after 16 and 32 weeks of VPA therapy were observed. In arm 1, median (range) values of IU per log10 billion (IUPB) cells were 2.55 (range 1.20–4.20), 1.80 (range 1.0–4.70) and 2.70 (range 1.0–3.90; P = 0.87) for baseline, week 16 and week 48, respectively. In arm 2, median values of IUPB were 2.55 (range 1.20–4.65), 1.64 (range 1.0–3.94) and 2.51 (range 1.0–4.48; P = 0.50) for baseline, week 16 and week 48, respectively.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that adding VPA to stable HAART does not reduce the latent HIV reservoir in virally suppressed patients.
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among HIV‐infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review of the literature
Authors: Shadyab AH , Crum‐Cianflone NF
Published: January 2012

Objectives

Despite the rise of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) among HIV‐infected persons during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the precise relationship between these two infections has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive, literature‐based review of MRSA infections among HIV‐infected persons.

Methods

A systematic search of MEDLINE using the search terms “HIV” and “MRSA” identified references published during the HAART era (January 1996 to January 2011). Relevant articles on MRSA in the general population were also reviewed for comparison.

Results

The most common type of MRSA infection among HIV‐infected persons is SSTI caused by USA300, Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL)‐positive strains. HIV‐infected persons have an increased risk for both initial MRSA infections and recurrent infections compared with the general population. Risk factors for MRSA infections in this population include immunosuppression, comorbid conditions and certain lifestyle behaviours such as high‐risk sexual behaviours and illicit drug use. Further research is needed on the optimal treatment and prevention strategies for MRSA infections among HIV‐infected persons.

Conclusions

HIV‐infected persons have a propensity for MRSA SSTI and a high rate of recurrent disease. The reasons for the elevated rates of MRSA infections among HIV‐infected persons appear to be multifactorial, but may be mitigated with optimized HIV control and reductions in associated risk factors.
Characteristics of Inclusive Faith Communities: A Preliminary Survey of Inclusive Practices in the United States
Authors: Griffin Megan M. , Kane Lydia W. , Taylor Courtney , Francis Susan H. , Hodapp Robert M.
Published: January 2012

Background  Although participation in faith communities is important to many individuals with disabilities, few studies have examined differences between communities that are more (versus less) inclusive. This study investigated characteristics of faith communities in the United States related to greater inclusion.

Methods  Participants were 160 respondents to an anonymous survey about inclusion. Survey items grouped together to form three inclusion‐related outcomes: the degree to which faith communities welcome and include individuals with disabilities; the roles and contributions of congregants with disabilities; and physical accessibility.

Results  Across these outcomes, more inclusive communities (i) featured faith leaders who were more committed to inclusion; (ii) used educational resources to address disability‐related issues; (iii) portrayed people with disabilities positively in their religious teachings; (iv) had stronger ties to disability organizations; and (v) had a stronger orientation towards promoting social justice.

Conclusions  These five characteristics have important implications for promoting inclusion in faith communities.
Sex‐specific associations between umbilical cord blood testosterone levels and language delay in early childhood
Authors: Whitehouse Andrew J.O. , Mattes Eugen , Maybery Murray T. , Sawyer Michael G. , Jacoby Peter , Keelan Jeffrey A. , Hickey Martha
Published: January 2012

Background:  Preliminary evidence suggests that prenatal testosterone exposure may be associated with language delay. However, no study has examined a large sample of children at multiple time‐points.

Methods:  Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained at 861 births and analysed for bioavailable testosterone (BioT) concentrations. When participating offspring were 1, 2 and 3 years of age, parents of 767 children (males = 395; females = 372) completed the Infant Monitoring Questionnaire (IMQ), which measures Communication, Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Adaptive and Personal–Social development. Cut‐off scores are available for each scale at each age to identify children with ‘clinically significant’ developmental delays. Chi‐square analyses and generalized estimating equations examined longitudinal associations between sex‐specific quartiles of BioT concentrations and the rate of developmental delay.

Results:  Significantly more males than females had language delay (Communication scale) at age 1, 2 and 3 years (p‐values ≤. 01). Males were also more likely to be classified as delayed on the Fine‐Motor (p = .04) and Personal–Social (p < .01) scales at age 3 years. Chi‐square analyses found a significant difference between BioT quartiles in the rate of language delay (but not Fine‐Motor and Personal–Social delay) for males (age 3) and females (age 1 and 3). Generalized estimating equations, incorporating a range of sociodemographic and obstetric variables, found that males in the highest BioT quartile were at increased risk for a clinically significant language delay during the first 3 years of life, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.47 (95% CI: 1.12, 5.47). By contrast, increasing levels of BioT reduced the risk of language delay among females (Quartile 2: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.59; Quartile 4: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.99).

Conclusion:  These data suggest that high prenatal testosterone levels are a risk factor for language delay in males, but may be a protective factor for females.
Therapeutic options for immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia
Authors: Nakamura Reid K. , Tompkins Emily , Bianco Domenico
Published: January 2012

Objective

To review the therapeutic options for immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT).

Data Sources

Original research publications and review articles using thePubMed search engine for the phrases “immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia” or “immune thrombocytopenic purpura” or “immune thormbocytopenia.”

Veterinary and Human Data Synthesis

There are a number of therapeutic options for adult‐onset immune thrombocytopenia in human medicine with demonstrated efficacy in clinical studies although corticosteroids and immunoglobulin therapy remain the first‐line medical treatments. Thrombopoietin receptor agonist therapy and, to a lesser extent, rituximab have shown great promise in initial clinical trials and may become standard of care in human medicine for the management ofIMT. Therapeutic options in veterinary medicine are less diverse and only vincristine and human intravenous immunoglobulin therapies have been evaluated in controlled clinical studies.

Conclusions

There are a number of therapeutic options in the management ofIMTveterinary medicine, most of which have not been investigated in clinical studies. Further research is warranted to best identify the optimal treatment strategy forIMTin veterinary patients.
Enhancing the utility of existing antibiotics by targeting bacterial behaviour?
Authors: Rogers Geraint B , Carroll Mary P , Bruce Kenneth D
Published: January 2012

The discovery of novel classes of antibiotics has slowed dramatically. This has occurred during a time when the appearance of resistant strains of bacteria has shown a substantial increase. Concern is therefore mounting over our ability to continue to treat infections in an effective manner using the antibiotics that are currently available. While ongoing efforts to discover new antibiotics are important, these must be coupled with strategies that aim to maintain as far as possible the spectrum of activity of existing antibiotics. In many instances, the resistance to antibiotics exhibited by bacteria in chronic infections is mediated not by direct resistance mechanisms, but by the adoption of modes of growth that confer reduced susceptibility. These include the formation of biofilms and the occurrence of subpopulations of ‘persister’ cells. As our understanding of these processes has increased, a number of new potential drug targets have been revealed. Here, advances in our ability to disrupt these systems that confer reduced susceptibility, and in turn increase the efficacy of antibiotic therapy, are discussed.
MicroRNA‐122 suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by directly targeting Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhu Xiuming , Wu Lingjiao , Yang Rong , Yang Zeran , Wang Qiangfeng , Wu Fusheng
Published: January 2012

Aims

To validate whether the anti‐cancer effect of microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is mediated through regulating Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathways.

Methods

The expression levels of miR‐122 in HCC tissues and varied hepatoma cells were quantified by real‐time PCR. MiR‐122 agomir was transfected into HepG2, Hep3B cells to over‐express miR‐122. The effect of over‐expression miR‐122 on proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 and Hep3B cells was evaluated using CCK‐8 kit and flow cytometer respectively. The 3′‐UTR segments of Wnt1 containing the miR‐122 binding sites were amplified by PCR and the luciferase activity in the transfected cells was assayed. Wnt1 mRNA level was quantified using RT‐PCR. Protein levels of Wnt1, β‐catenin and TCF‐4 were detected using Western blotting.

Results

In comparison with the expression level of miR‐122 in para‐cancerous tissues or Chang liver cell, the expression level in HCC tissues or varied hepatoma cells was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Over‐expression of miR‐122 significantly inhibited the proliferation (P < 0.05), and promoted the apoptosis of HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Over‐expressed miR‐122 down‐regulated the protein levels of Wnt1, β‐catenin and TCF‐4 (P < 0.05). MiR‐122 suppressed the luciferase activity of the pmiR‐Wnt1‐wt by approximately 50% compared with the negative control, while mutation or removal of the miR‐122 binding site using siRNA or mir‐122 inhibitor blocked the suppressive effect (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

MiR‐122 expression is down‐regulated in human HCC. Over‐expression of miR‐122 inhibits HCC cell growth and promotes the cell apoptosis by affecting Wnt/β‐catenin‐TCF signalling pathway.
Residual substance P levels after capsaicin treatment correlate with tendon repair
Authors: Bring Daniel K.‐I. , Paulson Kent , Renstrom Per , Salo Paul , Hart David A. , Ackermann Paul W.
Published: January 2012

The aim of the study was to assess healing after capsaicin‐induced substance P (SP) depletion during rat Achilles tendon repair by biomechanical testing. Capsaicin treatment reduced the concentrations of SP by ∼60% and calcitonin gene‐related peptide by ∼40% as compared with the control group, as assessed by radioimmunoassay in the dorsal root ganglia, at 1 and 4 weeks post‐tendon rupture. Also, the peripheral neuronal presence of SP and calcitonin gene‐related peptide, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, was lower at both weeks 1 and 4. The decreased peripheral neuronal presence of SP at week 1 correlated with the corresponding levels in the dorsal root ganglia (r = 0.54, p = 0.018). The reduced presence of SP/calcitonin gene‐related peptide after capsaicin treatment was verified by a decreased sensitivity to painful mechanical and thermal stimuli (p < 0.05). Correlation analyses between individual residual SP levels and biomechanical tissue properties were performed because of differences in failure mode between the groups and high individual variations in the SP levels after capsaicin treatment. Thus, the residual SP levels in the dorsal root ganglia correlated with transverse area, ultimate tensile strength, and stress at failure (r = 0.39, p = 0.036; r = 0.53, p = 0.005; and r = 0.43, p = 0.023, respectively). Furthermore, individual pain sensitivity at week 2 correlated with peripheral occurrence of SP and was correlated with tensile strength and stress at failure (r = 0.89, p = 0.006 and r = 0.78, p = 0.015) at week 4.

In conclusion, rats with higher residual SP levels after capsaicin‐induced neuropathy develop improved tensile strength and stress at failure in the healing of Achilles tendon.
Topical androgen antagonism promotes cutaneous wound healing without systemic androgen deprivation by blocking β‐catenin nuclear translocation and cross‐talk with TGF‐β signaling in keratinocytes
Authors: Toraldo Gianluca , Bhasin Shalender , Bakhit Mena , Guo Wen , Serra Carlo , Safer Joshua D. , Bhawan Jag , Jasuja Ravi
Published: January 2012

Orchidectomy in rodents and lower testosterone levels in men are associated with improved cutaneous wound healing. However, due to the adverse effects on skeletal and sexual tissues, systemic androgen blockade is not a viable therapeutic intervention. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that topical application of an androgen antagonist would elicit accelerated wound healing without systemic androgen antagonism. Full‐thickness cutaneous wounds were created on adult C57BL6/J mice. Daily topical application of androgen receptor antagonist, flutamide, resulted in improved gap closure similar to orchiectomized controls and faster than orchidectomized mice treated with topical testosterone. In vivo data showed that the effects of androgen antagonism on wound closure primarily accelerate keratinocytes migration without effecting wound contraction. Consequently, mechanisms of testosterone action on reepithelialization were investigated in vitro by scratch wounding assays in confluent keratinocytes. Testosterone inhibited keratinocyte migration and this effect was in part mediated through promotion of nuclear translocation of β‐catenin and by attenuating transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling through β‐catenin. The link between Wnt and TGF beta signaling was confirmed by blocking β‐catenin and by following TGF‐β‐induced transcription of a luciferase reporter gene. Together, these data show that blockade of β‐catenin can, as a potential target for novel therapeutic interventions, accelerate cutaneous wound healing.
The usefulness of basic fibroblast growth factor for radiation‐exposed tissue
Authors: Kinoshita Naoshi , Tsuda Masayoshi , Hamuy Rodrigo , Nakashima Masahiro , Nakamura‐Kurashige Tomomi , Matsuu‐Matsuyama Mutsumi , Hirano Akiyoshi , Akita Sadanori
Published: January 2012

A high dose of ionizing external radiation damage to the skin and soft tissue results in changes in function as well as in the general body condition. Once radiation surpasses the tissue safety or survival level, progressive alteration in the damaged tissue results in tissue loss and then flap loss. Local expression and action of stem cells or local growth factors in the irradiated tissue is mitigated, and external administration is sought to investigate the possibility of skin and soft tissue survival after an elevating flap. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is primarily considered as a potent angiogenic growth factor. In burns, resurfacing with a dermal component is required, and bFGF stimulates wound healing and enhances human skin‐derived mesenchymal stem cells under serum‐free conditions in a dose‐dependent manner. Thirty‐five male, 4‐ to 8‐week‐old CLAWN miniature pigs received radiation exposure to assess the effectiveness of bFGF in terms of the progressive clinical course relevant to human skin and soft tissue. At 2 weeks following 10‐Gy irradiation, tissue was preserved in the group receiving subcutaneous placement of a round‐type tissue expander and bFGF. The expander plus bFGF group demonstrated significantly greater dermo‐epidermal proliferation than the radiation alone, radiation plus bFGF, or expander plus radiation plus vehicle‐solution groups, and new blood vessel formation was significantly increased in the expander tissue with bFGF after irradiation (p < 0.01). Electron microscopy revealed that tissue with expander and bFGF maintained more stable skin adnexae with preserved intact epidermis and dermis. Thus, bFGF improved and maintained the tissue viability after immediate irradiation in the skin and soft tissue.
Evidence‐Based Review of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Chhibber Vishesh , Weinstein Robert
Published: January 2012

Several neurologic disorders have been treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Case reports, case series, and clinical trials have published results regarding the outcomes in such patients. The data gathered have been used to formulate evidence‐based guidelines, which can be used to guide therapy in patients with these neurological disorders. Adequately designed and powered randomized controlled trials have proven the efficacy of TPE in some disease entities, while other diseases are lacking such data. In the latter, decisions for the use of TPE must be made using the limited published data available. In this review, we discuss the published evidence regarding the use of TPE in neurological disorders, focusing on the most recent guidelines published by the American Society of Apheresis in 2010 and the American Academy of Neurology in 2011.
Low‐Density Lipoprotein Apheresis: Principles and Indications
Authors: Winters Jeffrey L.
Published: January 2012

Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis describes a group of apheresis techniques that selectively remove apolipoprotein B‐containing lipoproteins producing an acute reduction in LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C). Six devices are available for the removal of LDL‐C while sparing other important plasma components. The LDL‐apheresis (LDL‐A) is not routinely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, which usually responds to medical management, but is used to treat familial hypercholesterolemia, an inherited metabolic abnormality resulting in premature death due to progressive coronary artery disease, and to treat patients who fail medical management. The mechanism of action of the available LDL‐A devices, reactions that can occur with these treatments, and the role of this specialized apheresis technique in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia are described.
Therapeutic Apheresis in Children: Special Considerations
Authors: Goldstein Stuart L.
Published: January 2012

The provision of therapeutic apheresis to children is a technically challenging procedure, requiring trained personnel and an understanding of the disease processes that leads to the need for apheresis. Most apheresis protocols are derived from studies in adult patients, even though most studies are of limited sample size. The focus of this review is to highlight the disease processes commonly treated with therapeutic apheresis in children, and to address the technical considerations pertinent to the provision of safe and effective apheresis in the pediatric setting.
HIV Prevention in the Context of Care: HIV Testing and Public Health Practice
Authors: O'Byrne Patrick
Published: January 2012

In this article, an argument is put forth that clinic‐based HIV testing can function as an important aspect of public health HIV prevention. This assertion is not an outright declaration that all HIV testing is beneficial. Instead, it is the conclusion that the individual‐focused initiative of HIV testing could, if structured properly, induce population‐level HIV prevention benefits. This analysis was informed using the impact fraction model, the Anderson‐May equation, current epidemiological information about HIV from Canada, the United States, and England, and the extant literature on the dynamics of HIV transmission. This conclusion could help inform the development of public and population health HIV testing and HIV prevention policies/practices.
Keratotic Horn on Left Fifth Fingertip: Congenital Ectopic Nail Misdiagnosed as a Common Wart
Authors: Bilenchi Roberta , Poggiali Sara , De Paola Mariele , Batsikosta Natasha , Fimiani Michele
Published: January 2012

Abstract:  The term “ectopic nail” refers to nail tissue found in a location other than in the normal nail bed. Here we report a 9‐year‐old girl with an asymptomatic keratotic “horn” on the tip of her left fifth finger. Present since the age of 1 month, it was misdiagnosed as a common wart and treated using liquid nitrogen cryotherapy without benefit.
Chilblains and Microgeodic Disease Diagnosed Concurrently in a Child’s Toe
Authors: Prindaville Brea , Antaya Richard J.
Published: January 2012

Abstract:  Microgeodic disease, similar to chilblains (pernio), is characterized by painful, erythematous swelling, as well as small, punched‐out erosions found in affected phalanges. Although they share a similar appearance and proposed pathogenesis, chilblains has rarely been diagnosed in children with microgeodic disease, and in those cases has not been confirmed on skin biopsy. This article details a child in Connecticut diagnosed during the winter with chilblains and microgeodic disease of his toe, as supported by biopsy and imaging. These findings further indicate that the two diseases are interrelated, imply a similar pathogenesis, and lead us to suggest similar treatment for problematic forms of both diseases.
Branchio‐oculo‐facial Syndrome Presenting with Concomitant Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Authors: SHABBIR ARSALAN Q. , NAZARETH MICHAEL R. , ROTHMAN ILENE L.
Published: January 2012

Abstract:  Branchial cleft anomalies are rare developmental defects of the neck, with an estimated 2% to 3% being bilateral. Although most are isolated findings, some are associated with syndromes. We report a 2‐month‐old boy with bilateral branchial cleft anomalies, low‐set ears, and hydronephrosis who tested positive for a mutation in the TFAP2A gene (A256V) implicated in branchio‐oculo‐facial (BOF) syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a thyroglossal duct cyst at the base of the tongue. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of BOF syndrome presenting concomitantly with a thyroglossal duct cyst.
Neonatal Purpura Fulminans Due to Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Verma Prashant , Pandhi Deepika , Yadav Pravesh , Dhawan Amit K.
Published: January 2012

Abstract:  Neonatal purpura fulminans is rare and may be inherited or acquired. It may ultimately lead to multiorgan failure and death. Purpura fulminans in a premature neonate resulting from Staphylococcus aureus septicemia is illustrated. Unfortunately, the baby succumbed to septicemia.
Congenital Myofibroma Masquerading as an Ulcerated Infantile Hemangioma in a Neonate
Authors: Friedman Ben J. , Shah Kara N. , Taylor Jesse A. , Rubin Adam I.
Published: January 2012

Abstract:  We report a case of a solitary infantile myofibroma masquerading as an ulcerated infantile hemangioma. Infantile myofibroma is a rare soft tissue tumor that has a good prognosis in the solitary form. It may be difficult to distinguish clinically from more common tumors of infancy such as an infantile hemangioma or from other rare entities and therefore requires a biopsy for definitive diagnosis.
Regional Right Ventricular Strain Pattern in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Platz Elke , Hassanein Amira H. , Shah Amil , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Solomon Scott D.
Published: January 2012

Aims: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a frequent consequence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and a marker of increased risk. However, current qualitative methods assessing RV function are imprecise. We sought to determine whether RV strain analysis would have clinical utility in patients with PE compared with normal controls. Methods and results: We compared 75 acute PE subjects (mean age 54 ± 16) with 30 normal controls (mean age 50 ± 15). Regional RV longitudinal strain was assessed using offline speckle tracking software to obtain strain and strain rate data from the basal, mid, and apical free wall and septum. Global RV free wall and septal strain was significantly reduced in PE subjects (−14.17 (±5.96) vs −24.92 (±4.16), P < 0.0001; −14.99 (±5.55) vs −18.54 (±7.34), P = 0.0082). Regional RV strain was markedly reduced in PE subjects in all regions of the free wall and in the mid and basal septum (P < 0.05). Strain rates of PE subjects were significantly reduced in all segments of the RV free wall (P < 0.05). In 36 PE subjects with regional RV dysfunction (“McConnell sign”), strain in the apical free wall was significantly reduced in comparison to those without (−10.08 vs −13.51; P = 0.0420), in parallel with higher RV:LV ratios (1.30, ±1.01 vs 0.78, ±0.16; P = 0.0035) and lower RV fractional area change (32.06, ±14.42 vs 42.52, ±11.61; P = 0.0021). Conclusions: Regional RV longitudinal strain is altered in the free wall and mid and basal septum in subjects with acute PE. Strain rates are only reduced in the RV free wall. (Echocardiography 2012;29:464‐470)
Early Repolarization Redux: The Devil Is in the Methods
Authors: Froelicher Victor
Published: January 2012

Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2012;17(1):63–64
Right intra‐atrial catheter placement for hemodialysis in patients with multiple venous failure
Authors: Oguz Emrah , Ozturk Pelin , Erkul Sinan , Calkavur Tanzer
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct right atrial catheter insertion for hemodialysis in patients with multiple venous access failure. We retrospectively evaluated the charts of 27 patients with multiple venous access failure who had intra‐atrial dialysis catheter placement between October 2005 and October 2010 in our clinic. Permanent right atrial dialysis catheters were placed through a right anterior mini‐thoracotomy under intratracheal general anesthesia in all patients. Demographics of the cases, the patency rates of hemodialysis via atrial catheterization, existence of any catheter thrombosis, and catheter‐related infections were documented and used in statistical analysis. Seventeen women (63%) and 10 men (37%) with the mean age of 59.0 ± 7.1 years (47–71) were enrolled in this study. Chronic renal failure was diagnosed for the mean of 78.9 ± 24.3 months (33–130). Five patients (18.5%) died. Ventricular fibrillation and myocardial infarction were the causes of death in the early postoperative period in two patients. Two of the remaining three patients died because of cerebrovascular events, and one patient died because of an unknown cause. Ten patients (37%) had been using anticoagulate agents (warfarin) because of concomitant disorders such as deep vein thrombosis, operated valve disease, and arrhythmias. Catheter thrombosis and malfunction was determined in three cases (11.1%). Intra‐atrial hemodialysis catheterization is a safe and effective life‐saving measure for the patients with multiple venous failure and without any possibility of peritoneal dialysis or renal transplantation.
Epitrochlear mass in a patient on maintenance hemodialysis—Kimura disease
Authors: Yadla Manjusha , Sriramnaveen P. , Sivakumar V. , Sandeep Reddy Y. , Sridhar A. V. S. S. N. , Krishna Kishore C. , Vijayalakshmi B. , Lakshmi A. Y. , Rukmangadha N.
Published: January 2012

Kimura disease is a rare benign inflammatory disorder presenting as subcutaneous masses or lymphnodal mass in the cervical region. Kimura disease is reported sparsely in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. We report an unusual location of Kimura disease in a patient on maintenance hemodialysis, who had a prolonged, persistent asymptomatic eosinophilia.
Biological response to titanium implants coated with nanocrystals calcium phosphate or type 1 collagen in a dog model
Authors: Alghamdi Hamdan S. , A.J.A. van Oirschot Bart , Bosco Ruggero , van den Beucken Jeroen J.J.P. , Aldosari Abdullah Al Farraj , Anil Sukumaran , Jansen John A.
Published: January 2012

Objective

The current study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic potential of electrosprayed organic and non‐organic surface coatings in a gap‐implant model over 4 and 12 weeks of implantation into the dog mandible.

Material and methods

Sixteen Beagle dogs received experimental titanium implants in the mandible 3 months after removal of left premolars (P2, P3 and P4). Three types of implants were installed in each animal: non‐coated implant, nano‐CaP coated implant and implant with type 1 collagen coating. Both micro‐CT and histomorphometry were used to evaluate peri‐implant bone response after implantation periods of 4 and 12 weeks. The bone area percentage was assessed histomorphometrically in three different zones (inner: 0–300 μm; middle: 300–600 μm; and outer: 600–1000 μm) around the implant surface. Bone‐bridging of the gap was also calculated for each sample.

Results

Four weeks after implantation, nano‐CaP and collagen‐coated implants showed significantly higher bone volume (BV) in the inner zone compared with non‐coated implants (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). After 12 weeks, histomorphometric analysis showed comparable amounts of BV between all experimental groups. Also, no significant difference was found in the BV, as measured using micro‐CT, between the implant groups. Absolute bone ingrowth measurements were highest for collagen‐coated implants, but these differences were not significant.

Conclusion

The obtained data failed to provide a consistent favourable effect on bone formation of the collagen coating over 3 months of implantation. It is concluded that the source of the collagen as well as the limited osseous environment overshadowed a possible effect of the applied implant surface modifications. Similarly, the tested nano‐apatite surface coating did not improve peri‐implant bone ingrowth into a gap‐implant model.
Clinical use of alumina‐toughened zirconia abutments for implant‐supported restoration: prospective cohort study of survival analysis
Authors: Kim Seung‐Soo , Yeo In‐Sung , Lee Shin‐Jae , Kim Dae‐Joon , Jang Brian Myeongwoo , Kim Soo‐Hwan , Han Jung‐Suk
Published: January 2012

Objectives

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to compute the long‐term clinical survival and complication rates of alumina‐toughened zirconia abutments used for implant‐supported restorations and to evaluate the effects of several clinical variables on these rates.

Material and methods

From May 1998 to September 2010, 213 patients aged 18 years or older were recruited. The patients received 611 external hex implants and 328 implant‐supported fixed restorations using alumina‐toughened zirconia abutments. During the follow‐up, each restoration was coded as a dental event, which included loosening or fracture of abutment screws, and abutment fracture. From the coded data, the effects of the investigated clinical variables—restored area (anterior/posterior), number of prosthodontic units (one/two units or over), prosthesis type (single‐unit/multiunit without pontic/multiunit with pontic), implant system, and patient gender—on the survival of the abutments were evaluated. Survival analysis using Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model was applied. The 5‐year survival and complication rates of the abutments were assessed.

Results

The number of prosthodontic units and the type of prosthesis had a significant association with complication rates (P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis estimated that the cumulative 5‐year complication rate of the abutments used in single restorations was 19.7%. Multiunit‐fixed dental prostheses without and with pontics had complication rates of 3.9% and 3.8%, respectively. The 5‐year survival rate of the abutments was more than 95%, regardless of the type of prosthesis.

Conclusions

Alumina‐toughened zirconia abutments are likely to exhibit excellent long‐term survival in clinical use for fixed restorations. Single tooth replacement with the abutment at the molar region may require special care and extra attention.
Immediate single implant restorations in mandibular molar extraction sockets: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Atieh Momen A. , Alsabeeha Nabeel H. M. , Duncan Warwick J. , de Silva Rohana K. , Cullinan Mary P. , Schwass Donald , Payne Alan G. T.
Published: January 2012

Background

In the replacement of missing teeth, a paradigm shift is currently observed with immediate implant placement and/or restoration, particularly in the aesthetic zone. In molar sites, however, anatomical, occlusal and biomechanical considerations remain deterrent factors influencing the outcome of this treatment paradigm. The aim of this report was to evaluate immediate placement and immediate restoration of strongly tapered wide‐diameter implant in fresh mandibular molar extraction sockets.

Methods

Twenty‐four 8‐ or 9‐mm diameter implants were placed in either a fresh molar extraction socket or a healed site. All the implants received provisional crowns within 48 h. The provisional crowns were replaced with full ceramic crowns after 8 weeks of implant placement.

Results

The overall implant success rate after 1 year of service for the 24 implants in two treatment groups was 75%. Success rates were 83.3% and 66.7% for the delayed and immediate placement groups respectively, with no significant difference observed between the two groups (P = 0.35). Implant stability measurements identified the immediately placed implants to be more stable immediately after surgery than delayed placed implants. In contrast, the delayed placed implants were more stable after 8 week healing time.

Conclusions

The rehabilitation of single missing mandibular molars by immediately placed and restored wide‐diameter implants was associated with a relatively high failure rate.
Horizontal alveolar distraction osteogenesis for dental implant: long‐term results
Authors: Yamauchi Kensuke , Takahashi Tetsu , Nogami Shinnosuke , Kataoka Yoshihiro , Miyamoto Ikuya , Funaki Katsuyuki
Published: January 2012

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to present the results of patients followed for at least 3 years who underwent horizontal distraction osteogenesis DO and a final implant prosthesis.

Material and Methods

A total of 13 sites in 12 patients (three men, nine women; mean age 45.4 years, range 21–63 years) who presented with severe horizontal atrophy of a partially edentulous maxilla or mandible were treated using horizontal DO. The horizontal distraction device was set on the transport bone which was osteotomized as bone splitting method and fixed to the segment using microscrews.

Results

The median of latency period was 9 days (range: 7–17); the median of amount of device activation was 5.6 mm (range: 4.4–9.6); the median of distraction period was 14 days (range: 8–24); and the median of consolidation period, from the end of activation until implant placement, was 13 weeks (range: 11–20). The median of actual gain in bone width at the end of the consolidation period was 3.6 mm (range: 1.1–5.6). A total of 35 implants were inserted in the augmented area with primary implant stability. The median of follow‐up from the start of prosthetic loading was 5.4 years. Consequently, the implant survival and success rates were 100% and 94.2%, respectively.

Conclusion

This article reports the long‐term results of horizontal alveolar DO using a mesh device for patients with an atrophic alveolar region. Our results confirm that this technique is a predictable and effective regenerative procedure for implant preprosthetic treatment in patients with severe horizontal atrophy of the alveolar ridge.
Sinus augmentation using rhBMP‐2/ACS in a mini‐pig model: relative efficacy of autogenous fresh particulate iliac bone grafts
Authors: Lee Jaebum , Susin Cristiano , Rodriguez Nancy A. , de Stefano Jamie , Prasad Hari S. , Buxton Amanda N. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E.
Published: January 2012

Background

Implant dentistry in the posterior maxilla often requires bone augmentation. The gold standard, autogenous bone graft, requires additional surgery with associated morbidity, while bone biomaterials may not support relevant bone formation. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), however, induces significant, clinically relevant bone formation in several settings including the maxillary sinus floor.

Objective

The objective of this study was to compare local bone formation and osseointegration following maxillary sinus augmentation using rhBMP‐2/ACS or a particulate autogenous cancellous bone graft obtained from the iliac crest in conjunction with immediate placement of dental implants.

Materials and methods

Bilateral sinus augmentation using an extraoral approach including rhBMP‐2 (0.43 mg/ml)/ACS or the autogenous bone graft, alternated between left and right sinus cavities in five adult male Yucatan mini‐pigs, was performed. Two 12‐mm dental implants were inserted into the sinus wall protruding approximately 8 mm into the sinus cavity. Surgical sites were closed and sutured in layers; block biopsies collected for histometric analysis at 8 weeks.

Results

rhBMP‐2/ACS induced bone of significantly greater and consistent quality compared with the iliac crest autogenous bone graft; bone density averaging 51.9 ± 3.0% vs. 32.9 ± 2.5% (P = 0.01). However, there were only numerical differences in augmented bone height (9.3 ± 0.5 vs. 8.6 ± 0.7 mm) and bone‐implant contact (37.4 ± 3.0% vs. 30.7 ± 5.9%) between treatments.

Conclusion

rhBMP‐2/ACS induces bone of superior quality compared with an iliac crest particulate autogenous cancellous bone graft when used for maxillary sinus augmentation, and should perhaps be considered the new standard for this indication.
Involvement of nitrosative stress in experimental periodontitis in diabetic rats
Authors: Nishikawa Toru , Naruse Keiko , Kobayashi Yasuko , Miyajima Shinichi , Mizutani Makoto , Kikuchi Takeshi , Soboku Kyoko , Nakamura Nobuhisa , Sokabe Asako , Tosaki Takahiro , Hata Masaki , Ohno Norikazu , Noguchi Toshihide , Matsubara Tatsuaki
Published: January 2012

Aim

Periodontal disease is highly prevalent and severe in diabetic patients, and is considered one of the diabetic complications. To elucidate how periodontitis progresses in diabetes, we examined an animal model of periodontitis in diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods

Two weeks after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin, surgical nylon thread was ligated around the cervical portion of the unilateral maxillary second molar to induce periodontitis. Periodontitis was evaluated 2 weeks after the ligation by gingival blood flow, mRNA expressions, Western blot analysis, histological examination and micro CT.

Results

Ligation‐induced severe periodontitis in the diabetic rats, which was apparently shown by the increase of TNF‐α and iNOS mRNA expressions and inflammatory cell infiltration in the gingiva and alveolar bone loss. The number of nitrotyrosine, a footprint of nitrosative stress, ‐positive cells was significantly higher in the periodontitis of the diabetic rats compared with that in the normal rats. Western blot analysis confirmed that the nitrotyrosine was increased in the periodontitis of the diabetic rats.

Conclusions

This is the first study to confirm increased nitrosative stress due to periodontitis in diabetic rats. Nitrosative stress may play a crucial role in the exacerbation of periodontitis in diabetic patients.
Not‐so‐splendid isolation: modeling climate‐mediated range collapse of a montane mammalOchotonaprinceps across numerous ecoregions
Authors: Calkins Michael T. , Beever Erik A. , Boykin Kenneth G. , Frey Jennifer K. , Andersen Mark C.
Published: January 2012

We modeled current and future distribution of suitable habitat for the talus‐obligate montane mammalOchotona princeps(American pika) across the western USA under increases in temperature associated with contemporary climate change, to: a) compare forecasts using only climate variables vs using those plus habitat considerations; b) identify possible patterns of range collapse (center vs margins, and large‐ vs small‐sized patches); and c) compare conservation and management implications of changes at two taxonomic resolutions, and using binned‐ vs binary‐probability maps. We used MaxEnt to analyze relationships between occurrence records and climatic variables to develop a bioclimatic‐envelope model, which we refined by masking with a deductive appropriate‐habitat filter based on suitable land‐cover types. We used this final species‐distribution model to predict distribution of suitable habitat under range‐wide temperature increases from 1 to 7°C, in 1°C increments; we also compared these results to distribution under IPCC‐forecasted climates for 2050 and 2080. Though all currently recognized lineages and traditionally defined subspecies were predicted to lose increasing amounts of habitat as temperatures rose, the most‐dramatic range losses were predicted to occur among traditional subspecies. Nineteen of the 31 traditional US pika subspecies were predicted to lose > 98% of their suitable habitat under a 7˚C increase in the mean temperature of the warmest quarter of the year, and lineages were predicted to lose 88 95% of suitable habitat. Under a 4˚C increase, traditional subspecies averaged a predicted 73% (range = 44–99%) reduction. The appropriate‐habitat filter removed 40–6% of the predicted climatically suitable pixels, in a stepped and monotonically decreasing fashion as predicted temperatures rose. Predicted range collapse proceeded until only populations in island‐biogeographic ‘mainlands’ remained, which were not in the geographic range center. We used this model system to illustrate possible distributional shifts under stepped changes in biologically relevant aspects of climate, importance of land cover and taxonomic level in species‐distribution forecasts, and impact of using a single threshold vs multiple categories of persistence probability in predicted range maps; we encourage additional research to further investigate the generality of these patterns.
Impact of traumatic dental injuries on the quality of life of schoolchildren
Authors: Traebert Jefferson , de Lacerda Josimari Telino , Foster Page Lyndie A. , Thomson William M. , Bortoluzzi Marcelo Carlos
Published: January 2012

Abstract –  Background: Knowledge of the impact of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) on children’s quality of life is sparse. Aim: To determine the association between TDI and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) among schoolchildren aged 11–14 years. Material and methods: A cross‐sectional study was carried out involving a representative sample of 409 schoolchildren from 13 municipalities in the Midwest Region of the Brazilian Southern State of Santa Catarina. Clinical examination included the presence and type of TDI and the treatment provided (or needed) according to criteria used in the UK Children’s Dental Health Survey. Dental caries in anterior teeth and malocclusion status were also collected according to WHO criteria. OHRQoL was assessed using the short form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11–14), and the outcome was the prevalence of one or more adverse impacts on quality of life occurring often/very often. Results: The prevalence of TDI was 16.6% (95% CI 13.0–20.2). The prevalence of one or more adverse impacts occurring often/very often was 46.6% (95% CI 41.7–51.5). Logistic regression modeling for the outcome indicated an independent and significant association between the prevalence of one or more adverse impacts occurring often/very often and the presence of TDI even after adjustment for gender, presence of dental caries in anterior teeth and malocclusion. A prevalence ratio of 1.79 (95% CI 1.16–2.76) of one or more adverse impacts occurring often/very often in schoolchildren with TDI was found, compared to those without TDI. Conclusions: Traumatic dental injuries appear to affect schoolchildren’s OHRQoL.