bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of three thioxothiazolidin compounds on trehalase activity and development of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae
Authors: Wu Yan , Hu Shangrong , Mao Qixuan , Shi Dongmei , Liu Xiangyu , Liu Busheng , Hua Liyuhan , Hu Gao , Li Can , Duan Hongxia , Tang Bin
Published: October 2024

Trehalases (TREs), serving as crucial enzymes regulating trehalose and chitin metabolism in insects, represent prime targets for pest control strategies. We investigated the impact of three thioxothiazolidin compounds (1G, 2G, and 11G) on TRE activity and summarized their effects on the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The experimental larvae of S. frugiperda were injected with the three thioxothiazolidin compounds (1G, 2G, and 11G), while the control group received an equivalent volume of 2% DMSO as a control. All three compounds had a strong effect on inhibiting TRE activity, significantly prolonging the pre-pupal development stage. However, compared with the 11G-treated group, the survival rate of larvae treated with 1G and 2G was significantly reduced by 31.11% and 27.78% respectively, while the occurrence of phenotypic abnormalities related to growth and development was higher. These results manifest that only the TRE inhibitors, 1G and 2G, modulate trehalose and chitin metabolism pathways of larvae, ultimately resulting in the failure molting and reduction of survival rates. Consequently, the thioxothiazolidin compounds, 1G and 2G, hold potential as environmentally friendly insecticides.
Acompanhamento da Agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável em alguns países ibero-americanos
Authors: Souza Andréia Bonelli de , Gameiro Augusto Hauber
Published: October 2024

Este artigo foi elaborado com a intenção de monitorar os resultados da Agenda 2030 em alguns países ibero-americanos. O problema envolve a análise de alguns indicativos socioambientais. O objetivo foi propor uma breve discussão teórica sobre os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável relacionados a indicadores socioambientais no Brasil, na Colômbia, no Chile, em Portugal e na Espanha. Para tanto, foram coletados dados no Banco Mundial e os resultados discutidos. Desse modo, observa-se que, os países europeus apresentaram melhores resultados seguido do Chile. Ao passo que, o Brasil e a Colômbia apesar da evolução comparado aos anos anteriores, ainda apresentam dificuldades para atingir as metas almejadas pela Agenda 2030. Chama a atenção, as condições sociais das pessoas que vivem nestes países, ou seja, a forma que a distribuição de renda é feita, tendo em vista as relações de desigualdade, em que menos pessoas possui muitas riquezas e uma quantidade maior de habitantes vive em condições de pobreza com recursos financeiros incapazes de suprir as necessidades básicas. Cenário que permite concluir a necessidade de estabelecer mais políticas públicas voltadas ao desenvolvimento socioambiental além de impulsionar a economia para propiciar um desenvolvimento sustentável e prover melhores condições de vida para as futuras gerações.
IMPACT OF MUTRAMARGAGATA UTTARA BASTI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC URINARY INCONTINENCE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Tiwari Neeraja , Bharathi K
Published: October 2024

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a significant social issue, occurring more frequently in post-menopausal women than other common conditions like hypertension, diabetes, or depression. Urinary incontinence affects women twice as often as men. It occurs in about 20-30% of young women, 30-40% of middle-aged women, and up to 50% of elderly women. Thus, a case report is made on managing urinary incontinence with Mutramargagata Uttara basti, and the assessment is done using the Revised Urinary Incontinence Scale (RUIS) before and after the treatment. The results showed a significant improvement within two cycles of Mutramargagata Uttara basti with ksheerapaka and proved to be very useful in combating urinary incontinence problems.
A CASE STUDY ON THE ROLE OF NIMBA KALKA LEPA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DUSHTA VRANA
Authors: Waddar Sujata B , Patil Siddanagouda A , Patil Suraj S
Published: October 2024

Acharya Sushruta mentioned various types of Vrana (wound) and their management, which is vital in any surgical practice/ procedure. There has been progress in surgery in various fields, which reduces the incidence of wound infection by decreasing impediments associated with wound healing to certain limits. Still, wound management continues to be a matter of speculation. Healing of Vrana is a natural process, but due to interference with causatives becoming dushta (non-healing) and the normal healing process delayed, the prime motto of the surgeon is effective wound healing with a minimum scar and control of pain effectively. Treatment methods for Vrana are mentioned in Ayurvedic treaties. Dushta Vrana is an issue that is frequently seen in surgical practice. The presence of Dushta Vrana (non-healing ulcer) can harm the patient's state, causing various complications. Wound management of any post-surgical lesion should follow the principle of moist wound therapy and avoid agents that may impede the normal healing process. The aim of the present study is that when diagnosed early, the majority are readily treated with office-based therapy, which is curative with regard to treatment. In the present study, Vrana lepa (topical application) is the therapy for Vrana shodhana action (wound cleansing). This study reports a 60-year-old female patient with Dusta Vrana who presented with a blackish lesion (non-healing ulcer) behind the right ear for two years. The treatment protocol was sthanika (topical). The patient had significant results with this treatment, which is presented here. The study is carried out as per ICH-GCP Guidelines.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF SUVARNA BHASMA AND SUVARNA PRASHA USING ADVANCED TECHNIQUES
Authors: Shankari Sahana , Singh Brij Mohan , Srivastava Anchal
Published: October 2024

Background: Suvarna Prashana is an ancient Indian practice that boosts immunity, intelligence, memory, complexion, and virility and prevents infections in children. However, the characterisation of the drug is very limited. Material and Method: In this study, the physicochemical characterisation of Suvarna Bhasma is done with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Xray Analysis (EDAX ), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Suvarna Prash containing 15 mg of Suvarna Bhasma mixed with 0.25 ml of ghee and 0.75 ml of honey is characterised with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with Suvarna Bhasma. Results: SEM revealed that gold particles of Suvarna Bhasma ranged from 27 nm - 8.1 µm and formed spherical aggregates of varied sizes with rough surfaces. EDAX suggested that Suvarna Bhasma contained Gold (86.3%), Oxygen (3.14%), and Carbon (10.52%). TEM reported that the particle size ranged from 2.2 to 18.9 nm, which existed in polycrystalline form as suggested by XRD. XPS confirmed the elemental state of gold Au(0), Silver-Ag +oxidation state, Carbon C-C, C=O, and C-N, where carbon is bonding with carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. FTIR revealed that Suvarna Bhasma alone had a single functional group of alkynes. When Suvarna Bhasma was triturated with honey and ghee, many functional groups were added to Suvarna Bhasma, i.e. fats, carbohydrates and amino acids. Conclusion: In this novel study, FTIR of Suvarna Prasha is reported for the first time, and it can be used as a fingerprint for drug identification. Also, it proves that Suvarna Bhasma, used in the current study, is a pure form of gold without heavy metals like mercury.
PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SHIGRUPUNARNAVADI YOGA: A POLY-HERBAL PREPARATION
Authors: Prasad Arundhathi , S Ravikrishna , Prabhu Suchitra N.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Shigrupunarnavadi yoga is explained in prayoga samuchayyam, a renowned visha chikitsa grantha (Ayurvedic toxicology book) stating in detail about keraliya visha chikitsa prayogas (traditional Kerala toxicology treatment modalities) authored by Sri Kochunni Thampuran in the context of mandali visha chikitsa (viper bite management) as an external lepa (application). All the ten ingredients in this yoga are economical and readily available. Materials and Methods: This combination of Shigrupunarnavadi yoga has drugs such as Shigru, Punarnava, Haridra, Vacha, Chandana, Patha, Ishwaramooli, Yashtimadhu, Sirisha and Gokshura. Equal drug quantities were combined and processed into kwatha choorna (coarse powder). An analytical study was then conducted following the guidelines outlined in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Various physicochemical parameters of the kwatha choorna were analysed, including organoleptic characteristics, moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractive value, and water-soluble extractive value. Additionally, the pH, refractive index, total solids, specific gravity, and viscosity of the freshly prepared Shigrupunarnavadi kwatha (decoction) were assessed. Observation and Results: The phytochemical analytical study proved its efficacy for internal consumption. Conclusion: This study helped standardise Shigrupunarnavadi yoga in kwatha choorna (coarse powder) and kwatha (decoction). It also helped to analyse this particular yoga's probable mode of action when given internally.
A REVIEW ON OPTIMIZING THE CHILD PERSONALITY WITH PRAKRITI-BASED LEARNING: A PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: Mishra Ankita , Ojha Nisha Kumari
Published: October 2024

Every child is unique from others and has a preferred method of learning. The results of the psychological experiments indicated that the students are not equal in terms of intellect, innate ability, interest, potential, and needs. Every student is not at the same level in this manner. According to this principle, each student's unique characteristics must be considered. We need to optimize the growth of each student based on their unique individual differences in order to prepare them for similar opportunities. This particular variation in children can be linked to prakriti, according to Ayurveda. According to Ayurveda, children can be generally categorized into three groups based on their prakriti (individual differences) - Vata prakriti, Pitta prakriti, Kapha prakriti. To maximize their potential and achieve optimal outcomes, various prakriti children's learning and educational patterns can be modified. This paper will discuss particular learning patterns in children with various prakriti in order to enhance their personalities.
TRIGUNA-TRIDOSHA RELATIONSHIP; IMPORTANCE AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACH IN AYURVEDA: A REVIEW
Authors: Nirmale Arati , Patange Priti , Gaur MB
Published: October 2024

Prakriti is constitution and temperament, physique and nature, physical and mental makeup, general built and habits. In classical texts of Ayurveda three doshas namely vata, pitta, kapha and three guna namely satva, raja, tama mentioned according to different acharyas. Ayurveda says that everyone is made up of five bhautika tatvas and one jivatma that is self consciousness. Five tatvas are namely: Akasha (space), Jala (water), Teja (agni), Vayu (air), Prithvi (earth). These combination of 6 elements gives rise doshas which are three in number namely vata, pitta, kapha. The three gunas are each associated with a specific characteristic, sattvik (purity), rajas (activity) and tamas (darkness). These doshas shows physiological and psychological tendencies. Humans, food and various objects are composed of these three gunas. Gunas are qualities, dravya stands for the 5 elements and dosha represents movement. Together, they form the basis of three constituents. The main purpose of this article is about to establish relationship and therapeutic approach between doshas and gunas.
A REVIEW ON HOLISTIC WELLNESS AND SUCCESS: LEVERAGING PRAKRITI FOR PERSONALIZED DIET AND CAREER GUIDANCE
Authors: Harijan Ravikumar Hanamanth , Yadav Chhaju Ram , Singh Bhanu Pratap
Published: October 2024

Ayurveda, an eternal science with absolute principles, identifies Prakriti as a fundamental concept that influences every aspect of a person's interaction with their environment from conception to death, including lifestyle and diet. Prakriti, which reflects the body's nature in terms of dosha, is determined at conception based on the predominant dosha and remains constant throughout life. It governs an individual's physical and mental traits, with seven distinct types according to the Tridosha. People with specific Prakriti types show biological variations in structure, function, behaviour, response to environmental stimuli, and disease susceptibility. The prevalence of disorders related to diet has been increasing significantly in recent times, and this trend can be attributed to a variety of factors. Career guidance plays a crucial role in helping individuals navigate their professional paths. It involves providing advice, support, and information to assist people in making informed decisions about their career choices, development, and transitions.
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ASHTABHAIRAVA MATHIRAI IN FEVER MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: M Raghavi , B Abarna , R Sathish Adithya , R Madhavan
Published: October 2024

Ashtabhairava mathirai is an herbomineral formulation used in the Siddha system. Its application in treating fever has been described in the Siddha Vaidhiya Thirattu textbook, Hence, a review of the ingredients is essential. This review aims to critically assess the available literature on the indication of Ashtabhairava mathirai in treating fever, its therapeutic potential, and its mechanism of action. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including Siddha literature. The ingredients of Ashtabhairava mathirai exhibit various pharmacological activities, such, as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. The study concluded that the multiple actions of ingredients of Ashtabhairava mathirai which is used to treat the condition, fever. These findings support the traditional therapeutic value of Ashtabhairava mathirai in treating 64 types of fever.
MANAGEMENT OF JALODARA (ASCITES) THROUGH AYURVEDIC PRINCIPLES: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Narlewad Sushama S.
Published: October 2024

The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum is called ascites. It is the most prevalent sign of liver damage. In contemporary medicine, there is currently no proven cure for ascites patients. It only relieves symptoms, and recurrence occurs over time. Such cases benefit from the side-effect-free results of ayurvedic treatment. Eight categories of Udara roga are stated in Ayurveda, and this case is correlated with Jalodara. A 44-year-old male patient came to Rognidan OPD in Government Ayurveda College, Nagpur, India, with symptoms including abdominal distension, anorexia, bipedal edema, icterus, dyspnea on exertion, interrupted sleep, and overall weakness. In addition to being a persistent alcoholic, the patient had no prior history of diabetes or hypertension. He was treated in accordance with the Jalodara therapeutic principles as stated in the Charaka Samhita, which included nitya virechana (daily purgation) using Ayurvedic medicines, strotoshodhana (microchannel cleaning), and a few hepatoprotectives. After receiving therapy for one month, the patient's symptoms showed significant improvement; hence, it was concluded that Ayurvedic treatments benefit Jalodara.
Unleashing the Potential of Different Method of Paddy Straw Substrate Bag for Enhanced Yield and Biological Efficiency of Milky Mushroom
Authors: Elangovan Marimuthu , Gopinath Vaithiyalingam , Karuppiah Manikandan , Biswas Mohan Kumar
Published: October 2024

Mushrooms, particularly Calocybe indica, are highly regarded for their distinctive flavour and numerous health benefits. This study investigates various method of paddy straw substrate bags: rolled paddy straw, intact paddy straw, and chopped paddy straw to optimize the cultivation of C. indica. Employing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), we analysed growth parameters, yield, and biological efficiency of mushrooms cultivated on these substrates. The results indicated that chopped paddy straw was the most effective substrate, significantly reducing the time for spawn run to 14.20 days, pinhead formation to 11.80 days, and sporophore maturation to 10.20 days. This method yielded the highest overall production at 664.50 g, along with a biological efficiency of 66.45%. In contrast, intact paddy straw exhibited moderate growth performance, while rolled paddy straw resulted in the lowest yield at 451.30 g and took the longest time for all growth stages, which may be attributed to less compactness in the substrate beds. The number of sporophores produced also varied, with chopped paddy straw yielding an average of 10.6 sporophores, compared to 8.6 from intact paddy straw and 7.2 from rolled paddy straw. Although stipe length and pileus diameter showed non-significant differences among treatments, they did not contribute meaningfully to yield or biological efficiency. Overall, the findings highlight that chopped paddy straw is the most suitable substrate preparation method for cultivating C. indica, enhancing both yield and efficiency in production. This research contributes valuable insights for mushroom cultivation practices, particularly in tropical regions where high temperatures prevail.
Advancing Autonomous Vehicle Navigation through Hybrid Fuzzy-Neural Network Training Systems
Authors: Alzaydi Ammar , Abedalrhman Kahtan , Alotaibi Ibrahim , Alessa Fahad
Published: October 2024

In the evolving realm of autonomous vehicle navigation, the integration of fuzzy logic and neural networks presents a formidable challenge, particularly in the context of real-time, on-the-fly neural network training. This paper addresses the gap in dynamic and adaptable training methods necessary for navigating unpredictable environments with limited computational resources. The primary objective of our study is to empirically validate a hybrid training approach that combines fuzzy logic with back-propagation learning algorithms, aiming to optimize neural network performance under hardware constraints. Our methodology leverages a fuzzy logic trainer to provide initial training sets dynamically, which guide the neural network in adjusting its weights in real time, thus facilitating adaptive learning during navigation tasks. The findings reveal that this integrated approach not only enhances the learning efficiency of neural networks but also significantly improves navigation accuracy in real-time scenarios. These advancements contribute to the field by demonstrating the feasibility of deploying more adaptable and robust autonomous navigation systems, potentially expanding their application in more diverse and challenging environments.
Municipal Solid Waste Management System: A Study of Aligarh City, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Ali Faraz , Maheshwari Sanjeev , Iqtidar Varisha
Published: October 2024

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is a significant environmental challenge in Indian cities, including Aligarh. Inadequate handling of municipal solid waste (MSW) poses risks to public health and the environment. Studies indicate that approximately 90% of MSW in India is improperly disposed of in open dumps and landfills, leading to various ecological and health issues. A detailed examination of Aligarh's waste management system was conducted to assess the quantity, characteristics, and sustainable management options for its municipal waste. Findings from the study show that private collectors handle about 430 tons of waste per day in Aligarh, but neither residents nor collectors engage in waste segregation at the source. The combined collection efficiency of A2Z Private Limited and the Aligarh Municipal Corporation is estimated to be around 70%. Due to the high organic content in the waste, its energy potential remains untapped. Currently, about 80% of the collected waste is disposed of in open dumps, as Aligarh lacks a sanitary landfill. This study highlights the current state of municipal solid waste management in Aligarh focusing on the quantity, quality, and management strategies in Aligarh.
Methodology: For this study, Aligarh, a medium-sized city with a population of roughly 8.7 lakhs, which is located 130 kilometres from Delhi, India's capital, was chosen. A thorough assessment of the literature was done to create a theoretical framework. Visits to fields were carried out to gather basic data and comprehend the city's SWMS, including interaction During interviews with several municipality employees and executives in charge of SWM and citizens of the city. A procedure was created to examine the sources, calculate the amounts, and ascertain the waste streams' makeup.
Findings: Despite their best efforts, the local municipality's limited resources do not allow for the effectiveness of the solid waste management system in Aligarh. On the outskirts of the city, waste is frequently disposed of in open or low-lying regions without using the correct scientific or engineering techniques.
Perceptions of Nigerian Physiotherapists Regarding Online Learning for Continuous Professional Development
Authors: Olufemi Bolarinde Samuel , Olanike Sunday Tina , Precious Oyegoke Olabisi , Henrietta Akinsete Fayokemi
Published: October 2024

Background of the Study: Continuing professional development (CPD) involves learning activities directed at building competence and confidence of healthcare professionals to perform their duties effectively. In recent times, the mode of delivery of CPD has changed from physical classroom to online platforms. Online delivery of CPD however has been reported to face some challenges, particularly in low and middle-income countries, including the language of instruction and lack of adequate ICT infrastructure.
Aim of Study: The study investigated the perceptions of Nigerian Physiotherapists regarding Online delivery and barriers to online delivery of CPD training platforms.
Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study recruited 74 licensed Physiotherapists working in various health institutions in Nigeria. Data on perception about Online learning for CPD was obtained using already validated instrument adopted from previous study. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics of percentage and frequency distribution. Inferential statistics of Chi square was used for test of association among variables. Alpha level was set at 0.05.
Results: The result shows that 90.5% of respondents had CPD attendance within the year. 35.1% had online mode of delivery, 33.8% face to face while 31.1% had blended mode of delivery. The result also showed 87.8% preferred face to face mode of delivery, 51.4% preferred blended, while. 45.9% preferred online mode of delivery for future CPD. Furthermore, lack of fast and stable internet connection, adequate technical support to support online learning initiative, lack of funds for online learning and lack of direct support from the senior management were the most recognized barrier to adoption of online learning for CPD.
Conclusion: Nigerian physiotherapists have a good perception and attitudes towards continuous professional development however, majority preferred face to face mode of CPD delivery. Lack of institutional policy for online learning development for CPD, lack of leaders supports and incentives for healthcare staff were the major barriers identified towards adoption of online learning for CPD.
Assessment of the Practice of Bioethics Education in a Tertiary Institution of Nigeria
Authors: Rosemary Ikiakhele O. , Cynthia Aideloje O. , Idemudia Ogedegbe S. , Ofure Umolu E. , Ehis Ehizuelen G. , O.Samuel Eze , Francis Ugwu E. , Violet Aigbodion. O. , Precious Akhaine J.
Published: October 2024

Background/Aim: Bioethics examines the ethical problems that arise from advancements in biology and medicine, focusing on moral considerations related to healthcare policies and practices. The aim of this study was to assess the practice of Bioethics education in a tertiary institution in a state in Southern Nigeria, in order to foster the implementation of bioethical education in tertiary level.
Methodology: Focus group dialogues were conducted with fifth-year medical students, along with a key informant interview involving a department head. The data were analyzed following Creswell's six-step approach to qualitative analysis.
Results: Nine respondents were recruited for this study. In the course of data analysis, the following themes were identified: Integration, Teaching Methods, Evaluations, Significance, Personal Development, and Recommendations.
Discussion: The respondents all had a good knowledge on Bioethics and stated that practical sessions will be more useful than just class lectures. An earlier onset of Bioethical education before the start of clinical postings was also proffered.
Conclusion: Knowledge and practice of bioethics was high in this study and the study participants had positive attitude towards its education. Despite this, a lot has to be done to enhance its coverage and impact on the lives of students and educators. Each code obtained will help to foster medical ethics education for all institutions. In addition, further studies can be conducted on measures to help students internalize ethical issues.
Motor Insurance Claim Frequency Prediction Using XGBoost
Authors: Kollongei Naomi , Onyango Fredrick
Published: October 2024

Insurance claim frequency modelling is an important task for non-life insurers, this together with other variables forms an important part of product pricing and risk management. The traditional frequency models such as Poisson, Negative Binomial and Zero Inflated models have several weakness such as scalibility issues, overdispersion and independence assumptions for large datasets and therefore not ideal to use when dealing with complex and unstructured data. Extreme gradient Boosting Algorithm (XGBoost) is an ensemble learning which has the capacity to effectively handle big complex and unstructured insurance data. XGBoost creates tree-based models by iteratively fitting decision trees to the residuals of the previous predictions, effectively reducing the error in each iteration. This research utilized and explored the XGBoost algorithm to process motor insurance claims large dataset in-order to predict the frequencies of insurance claims, that is 0,1,2,and 3. Using this algorithm we aim to enhance the accuracy of predictions that will yield better estimates for improved risk assessment and pricing of insurance products. Cross validation was performed to assess the true performance of our model. Cross validation results showed that XGBoost models for the claim frequency had a RMSE estimate of 0.949, MAE of 0.7741 and RSQ 0.781. This demonstrated a strong predictive performance, with an RMSE of 0.949 and an MAE of 0.7741, indicating a low average error in the predictions.The RSQ of 0.781 suggests further that the model explained a significant proportion of variability of the insurance data. Our model was evaluated with a confusion matrix. The results of the confusion matrix showed that for the frequency 0 99.59% of cases were correctly predicted, frequency 1 94.01% were correctly predicted and frequency 2 84.80% and finally frequency 3 only 40.96% of the observations were correctly predicted.These results highlights the potential of XGBoost as a robust modeling technique for handling big data and accurately predicting insurance claim frequency. The results corroborate with other studies that XGBoost is an invaluable tool for insurance companies.
Revolutionizing Food Quality and Safety: Recent Advances in Clean-Label Technology
Authors: Anjali M.K. , Aswathy V.A. , Beegum M.A Farzana , Abidha P.K
Published: October 2024

The rising incidence of foodborne illnesses and scandals, coupled with heightened consumer awareness of the negative impacts of artificial ingredients, has driven a significant shift toward clean label products—foods defined by simple, recognizable ingredients and minimal processing. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of clean label technology, exploring its historical evolution, key definitions, applications, and current market trends. It also examines consumer behavior toward clean label products and the marketing strategies employed by brands to foster transparency. Drawing on 61 peer-reviewed references published between 2020 and 2024, this narrative review integrates findings from academic research and industry reports to offer a holistic perspective on clean label practices. Key challenges hindering the implementation of clean label technologies, such as the effectiveness of natural preservatives, the impact of ingredient removal on sensory qualities, and the financial implications of transitioning to clean label practices, are discussed. The findings underscore the necessity for the food industry to address these challenges to ensure the sustained growth of the clean label movement, aligning with consumer preferences for healthier and more transparent food options.
Etiological Agents of Superficial Surgical Site Infections among Post Operative Patients Attending a Teaching Hospital in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Ottong Divine Jacob , Udemezue Onyekachukwu Izuchukwu , Ezeamalu Chidinma Princess , Udemezue Onyekachi Ijeoma , Okoye Prisca Amala
Published: October 2024

Surgical site infections (SSI) are infections at or around the site of incision where surgical procedure is conducted. It is a major cause of hospital morbidity, resulting in prolonged hospital stay, increased treatment costs, higher rates of re-operation, and even increased mortality rates. The etiological agents of superficial surgical site infections among post-operative patients attending a Teaching Hospital in Southeastern Nigeria were evaluated using standard microbiological methods. Seventy superficial surgical wound swab specimens were properly and aseptically obtained from post-operative patients after ethical clearance was duly obtained from the hospital’s ethical committee. Pure microbial cultures were obtained after 24 - 48 hours incubation, aerobically at 25oC, on blood, nutrient and Sabouraud’ Dextrose agar plates. The isolates were identified based on their morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. Out of the 70 surgical swab specimens collected, 81% were bacterial isolates which included Staphylococcus aureus 41%, Escherichia coli 16%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14% and Staphylococcus xylosus 10%. The fungi isolates (19%) were Candida tropicalis 8% and Trichosporon asahii 11%. These isolates were probably endogenous and exogenous flora from the patients’ and hospital’ environments respectively; thereby necessitating the need for adequate patient care before, during and after surgical procedures.
Effect of Different Plant Growth Regulators Applied as Foliar Sprays on the Growth and Flowering of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under Agro-Climatic Conditions of Chhattisgarh Plains, India
Authors: Dewangan Samiksha Singh , Jangre Nisha
Published: October 2024

Present investigation “Effect of different plant growth regulators applied as foliar sprays on the growth and flowering of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under agro-climatic conditions of Chhattisgarh plains” in var. Kashi Taru is located at the farm of KVK (Raipur) affiliated with IGKV, Raipur,(C.G.) in Rabi season 2022-23.The experiment was conducted in RBD (Randomized Block Design) with 3 replications, consisting of 10 treatments of 3 plant growth regulators with different concentrations, including GA3 (25, 50 and 75 ppm); IAA (25, 50 and 75 ppm) and NAA (25, 50 and 75 ppm) along with control as foliar application at pre flowering stage (30 DAT) and pre fruiting stage (45 DAT). Among the different treatments, the findings indicated that the application of Treatment T3 i.e. GA3 @ 75 ppm gave the maximum plant height (89.96 cm), primary branches (11.76) and secondary branches (25.17) per plant over control. The least days taken to 50% flowering were recorded (51.62 days) with GA3@ 75 ppm and maximum days taken to 50% flowering were found with control (58.87 days). The highest number of flowers per cluster was recorded in GA3@ 75 ppm (4.01), followed by NAA@75 ppm (3.97).  Thus, a suitable level i.e., 75 ppm of GA3, is effective in enhancing brinjal growth and flowering in the agro-climatic conditions of the Chhattisgarh plains.
In-vitro & In-vivo Studies on Antimicrobial and Plant Growth Promoting Efficacy of Fluorescent Pseudomonads
Authors: Saha Raina , Kodidhala Vaishnavi , Bhaumik P. , Debnath A. , Bhattacharya P.M.
Published: October 2024

Aims: Excessive use of chemical fungicides cause environmental pollution and its residual effects are deleterious for human and animal consumption. So, application of biological control agents in IDM is an ecofriendly complement to manage the diseases as well as to protect the environment. PGPRs are free living microorganisms which have antimicrobial properties as well as exert beneficial effects to plant growth.
Study Design: This present study has been designed to identify potential indigenous fluorescent Pseudomonads strains from different crop ecosystems under Eastern Gangetic plains of West Bengal. Study of Plant growth promoting properties and antimicrobial properties were done under both in-vitro and in vivo condition.
Place and Duration of Study: Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, Duration 03years
Methodology: Under this experiment 22 bacterial isolates were isolated and purified from different rhizosphere. Isolates were identified based on different biochemical test like catalase, oxidase activity, citrate utilization. The major plant growth promoting properties like P, K and Zn solubilisation efficiency were tested. In-vitro antimicrobial properties were also tested like HCN production, Volatile and non volatile compounds production etc. Based on in-vitro performance, best performing isolate was selected for in-vivo in Lentil against Stemphylium botryosum, a major disease causing fungi of lentil. IDM practice was done in three stages like Seed treatment, Prophylactic spray and Therapeutic spray and three lentil variety WBL 77(Maitree), Pusa Ageti and MN12 were used.
Results: Most of the isolates showed positive result in biochemical tests and performed well i.r.o. PGP properties and antimicrobial properties. In field trial UBPF5 gave a promising result. PF5 isolate was identified through 16S rRNA based molecular method and sample showed 99.25% similarity with Pseudomonas gessardii based on nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis. In comparison to different combination of treatments cuprous chloride as seed treatment, Pseudomonas sp. as prophylactic spray and for therapeutic purpose Boscalid + Pyroclostrobin were found mostly efficient in respect of disease incidence as well as plant growth and yield. Prophylactic spray with Pseudomonas sp. in combination with biological seed treatment and therapeutic application of fungicide has resulted in 26-38% reduction in disease incidence and 28-32% increment in yield.
Conclusion: So, use of PGPR in combination with chemical fungicides is an eco-friendly tool to manage plant diseases in a sustainable manner.
Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Organic Amendments Against Black Root Rot Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
Authors: Singh Sorokhaibam Netajit , Lal Abhilasha A.
Published: October 2024

Black root rot of strawberry caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the devastating soil borne disease. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of organic amendments, PGPR (Pseudomonas Fluorescens) and botanical treatment for the management of R. solani on strawberry. The study was laid out in Randomized Block design (RBD) including 4 r eplications with 8 treatments in pot condition at the greenhouse of Department of Plant Pathology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, during Rabi season 20232024. The treatments consisted of combination of FYM, vermicompost, biomix compost, neem cake, cocopeat and botanical neem leaf extract were used as soil amendments and P. fluorescens as root treatment for evaluation on the plant growth, yield, physicochemical parameters (TSS and total ascorbic acid), disease intensity (%) and benefit cost ratio of strawb erry. The present investigation results revealed that T7 – P. fluorescens (0.3%) + FYM @ 100g + biomix compost @ 15g + vermicompost @ 15g + neem leaf extract @10% had the most promising results in term of maximum plant height  (14.9 cm), maximum leaf number(15.75), days taken to first flowering (86 days), berry length (4.08 cm), berry diameter (2.84 cm), yield (38.87 qha-1), TSS (8.80 °Brix), total ascorbic acid (51.60mg/100g) and B:C ratio (1:2.24). It was also observed that T7 superior over other treatments giving least per cent disease intensity (30.75 %) followed by T6 – FYM @1 00g + P. fluorescens (0.3%) + biomix compost @15g + neem cake @15g + neem leaf extract @10% (35.50%). These findings highlight the potential of organic amendments, PGPR  (P. fluorescens)  and botanical treatments, as effective alternatives for managing black root rot disease caused by R. solani in strawberry cultivation.
The Use of Waste Synthetic Hair Fibre in Cement Mortar
Authors: Brown Elizabeth , Danso Humphrey
Published: October 2024

Cement mortar has low tensile strength and fracture strain; therefore, fibres are used to reinforce cement mortar. Synthetic hair is one of the most neglected of all the residual wastes that cause environmental problems in many developing countries. Therefore, this study used waste synthetic hair fibre in cement mortar production as a way to reduce the environmental effect generated by waste, and also to enhance the strength of the mortar for construction application. The study aimed to investigate the properties of cement mortar reinforced with waste synthetic hair fibres. 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% of synthetic hair fibre were used as a replacement for cement by weight in mortar. 100 × 100 × 100 mm cube, and 100mm diameter and 200mm length cylinder specimens were prepared, cured, and tested at ages 7, 14, and 28 days for tensile and compressive strengths, density, and water absorption. The highest compressive strength for the synthetic waste hair fibre reinforced mortar was 8.57N/mm2 as compared to 10.84N/mm2 achieved for the control at 28 days of curing. The synthetic waste hair fibre reinforced mortar achieved the highest tensile strength of 1.80N/mm2 as compared to 1.67N/mm2 achieved by the control at 28 days of curing, representing an increase of about 11% in tensile strength of the synthetic hair fibre reinforced mortar over the control. The highest density for the synthetic hair fibre reinforced mortar was 2114 kg/m3 as compared to the control of 2144 kg/m3. The lowest water absorption for the synthetic hair fibre reinforced mortar was 2.48% as compared to the control of 2.04%, respectively. It is concluded that the properties of cement mortar reinforced with waste synthetic hair fibres are acceptable for construction application and recommended that practitioners use 2.5% waste synthetic hair as a partial replacement for cement in producing mortar.
Organoleptic Evaluation of Aonla (Emblica officinalis G.) Nectar during Storage
Authors: Uikey Ashwini , Poonam  , Bhavna  , Gurjar P.K.S. , Gawade Pranali
Published: October 2024

A research experiment was conducted during the year 2019-20 and 2020-21 in the Fruit and Vegetable Processing Unit Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Gwalior with seven different varieties of aonla viz., NA-4, NA-5, NA-6,NA-7, NA-10, Laxmi and Chakaiya. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. It was studied about the preparation of various value added products such as aonla nectar. From the finding it was observed that, the increase in the percentage of acidity, moisture, phenols and fiber content of aonla nectar while total soluble solids and total sugar content was decreased. There was gradual increase in moisture content of aonla nectar prepared with different pulp combination of aonla fruits during storage period. However, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content decreased with advancement of storage period. Observations were recorded up to storage period of six months at ambient conditions. Laxmi and Chakaiya varieties were found superior with respect to colour, appearance, taste and aroma as well as flavour. As per the organoleptic evaluation the overall acceptability of anola nectar was found significant with the storage intervals of 30, 60, 90 and 120 days.
Influence of IBA and NAA on Rooting of Terminal Cuttings of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora L.)
Authors: B Sivakumar. , P Senthilkumar. , M Deivamani. , K Sasikumar. , P Ayyadurai. , Govindan K. , T Senthilkumar. , P Mangammal.
Published: October 2024

The present investigation was conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Vazhavachanur, Tiruvannamalai to study the effect of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on the rooting of terminal cuttings of chrysanthemum. An application of growth regulators (IBA and NAA) had a positive effect on the rooting of chrysanthemum terminal cuttings. The result of the experiment revealed that the treatment of IBA @ 400ppm significantly increased rooting percentage (89%), length of roots (5.67 cm), root spread (39.18 cm), number of roots (22.67), fresh weight of roots (4.94 g), plantlet weight (1.17 g), and plant height (8.87 cm) followed by NAA @ 400 ppm (79.33%), while minimum rooting percentage (47) was observed in control. It can be concluded that the treatment of IBA @ 400ppm significantly increased rooting percentage, roots length, number of roots, plantlet weight and plant height has greater survival percentage in the terminal cuttings of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora).
Harnessing the Experience of Research and Indigenous Knowledge for Sustainable Agricultural Transformation in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Srishailam B. , Bhattacharyya U. K , Singh A. Kirankumar , Kumar Amit , Vikas
Published: October 2024

Traditional knowledge includes methods for nutrient management that rely on natural resources and minimize reliance on artificial inputs. Techniques such as using botanical extracts like Bilb Rasyan and Gaajar Ghaas Svaras, as well as incorporating organic materials like cow urine and plant residues, help enrich the soil with essential nutrients. Farmers in various regions have implemented ITK practices for soil conservation. For instance, the use of Vetiver grass as a vegetative barrier helps prevent soil erosion and stabilizes slopes. This method is cost-effective and adaptable to different environmental conditions. Advocating for policies that recognize and support the integration of ITKs into mainstream agricultural research and extension services is crucial. The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act (PPVFR Act) in India provides legal recognition and protection for traditional knowledge and farmer innovations. The synthesis of Indigenous Technical Knowledge and modern agricultural research not only supports the livelihoods of local farmers but also contributes to environmental health and cultural preservation. This approach holds the promise of a more sustainable and prosperous future for Arunachal Pradesh and can serve as an inspiring model for other regions seeking to harmonize tradition with innovation.
Impact of Zinc Application on Growth, Yield, and Quality of African Marigold in Semi-Arid Conditions
Authors: Yadav Kanheya Lal , Meena Ram Swaroop , Mishra Ashutosh , Singh Satvinder , Joshi Udit , Yadav Kamlesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Marigold is a widely cultivated, hardy flower crop known for its adaptability. Among the various intercultural practices in marigold cultivation, foliar application of zinc plays a critical role in enhancing yield and quality, however, standardization of this practice is necessary to optimize commercial production. Hence, the investigation aimed to standardize foliar zinc application for improving productivity in African marigold (Pusa Narangi Gainda) at Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Jaipur, during 2020-21, and 2021-22. Two concentrations of zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄), Z1 (0.2%), and Z2 (0.5%), were applied at 35 and 65 days after transplanting (DAT) in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Results indicated that Z1 (ZnSO₄ 0.2%) was most effective in increasing plant height, and promoting early bud initiation, and flower opening, while Z2 (ZnSO₄ 0.5%) significantly enhanced plant spread, primary branching, leaf dimensions, plant biomass, root-to-shoot ratio, flower diameter, and yield parameters such as flower mass and number. Z2 also improved quality traits like chlorophyll and xanthophyll content. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among treatments, suggesting that the application of ZnSO₄ at 0.5% may be recommended for optimizing growth, yield, and quality in commercial marigold cultivation, thereby enhancing productivity and profitability.
Mediterranean Outflow Water dynamics during the past ~570 kyr: Regional and global implications
Authors: Kaboth Stefanie , de Boer Bas , Bahr André , Zeeden Christian , Lourens Lucas J.
Published: June 2017

The Gulf of Cadiz constitutes a prime area to study teleconnections between the North Atlantic Ocean and climate change in the Mediterranean realm. In particular, the highly saline Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) is an important modulator of the North Atlantic salt budget on intermediate water levels. However, our understanding of its paleoceanographic evolution is poorly constrained due to the lack of high‐resolution proxy records that predate the last glacial cycle. Here we present the first continuous and high‐resolution (~ 1 kyr) benthic δ18O and δ13C as well as grain size records from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1386 representing the last ~570 kyr. We find three distinct phases of MOW variability throughout the Late to Middle Pleistocene at Site U1386 associated with prominent shifts in its composition and flow strength. We attribute this long‐term variability to changes in water mass sourcing of the MOW. Superimposed on the long‐term change in water mass sourcing is the occurrence of distinct and precession paced δ18O enrichment events, which contrast the pattern of global ice volume change as inferred from the global mean δ18O signal (i.e., LR04) but mimics that of the adjacent Mediterranean Sea. We attribute these enrichment events to a profound temperature reduction and salinity increases of the MOW, aligning with similar changes in the Mediterranean source region. These events might further signify ice volume increases as inferred from significant sea level drops recorded in the Red Sea and/or increased influence of North Atlantic intermediate water masses when MOW influence was absent at Site U1386.