bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling Pod Growth Rate of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterraneaVerdc.) in Response to Photoperiod and Temperature
Authors: Oseghale S. Etemini , Remison Samson U. , Otamere Ester I. , Eifediyi Kevin E. , Hoogenboom Gerrit
Published: October 2017

Photoperiod and temperature are important environmental factors that affect the adaptation of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterraneaVerdc.) and other crops to hostile climates in the tropics. The use of the accumulation concept, in which the relative rate of progress towards podding sums up to one is a common methodology. However, the lack of quantitative information, has resulted in poor decision making for crop management practices in relation to the time of optimum pod growth rate (Ropt). This study investigated modeling pod growth using an additive and interactive relation between pod growth rate, mean photoperiod, and temperature during the pod inductive phase. The field experiment was conducted at Ekpoma Nigeria. Ten bambara groundnut landraces from three different regions in Nigeria (Anyigba, Otukpo, and Nsukka) were sown on six dates from 15 June to 1 September during the successive growing seasons of 2010 to 2012, thus exposing the landraces to mean natural photoperiods of 12 h 23 min, 12 h 19 min, 12 h 14 min, 12 h 10 min, 12 h 5 min, 12 h, 11 h 55 min, 11 h 51 min, and 11 h 47 min during the pod inductive period. The observed optimum photoperiod and temperature forRoptwere 12 h and 26°C, respectively, for all landraces. Allocation to pod growth began at the critical photoperiod (Pc) of 12 h 19 min for Otukpo landraces, whereasPcfor Nsukka landraces was 12 h 14 min. However, thePcfor Anyigba landraces occurred earlier at 12 h 23 min. The pod growth model that was developed provided good predictions of pod growth for a natural range of photoperiods and temperatures.
Benefits of Insect Pollination to Confection Sunflowers Differ Across Plant Genotypes
Authors: Mallinger Rachel , Prasifka Jarrad
Published: October 2017

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a major global crop that shows variable dependence on insect pollinators across systems (e.g., hybrid seed production, oilseed, and confection systems), growing regions, and plant genotypes. Although modern sunflowers have been bred for increased self‐fertility, selfing rates still vary across genotypes, resulting in differing pollinator dependence. Furthermore, some plant genotypes may attract a greater abundance or diversity of pollinators, thereby receiving greater pollinator benefits. The goal of this study was to evaluate the benefits of insect pollination to different modern confection sunflower varieties. We conducted pollinator exclusion experiments for 15 confection hybrid varieties in 2014 and 2015 to measure self‐fertility and pollinator‐mediated yield increases. To assess whether pollinator benefits differ across hybrids due to their relative attractiveness to pollinators, we compared bee visitation rates among hybrids and related these rates to seed mass. Overall, sunflower seed mass was 26% higher on open flowers than on bagged ones. Furthermore, seed mass on open flowers increased significantly with pollinator visitation rates. Yield increases with insect pollination differed among hybrids, however, with 5 of 15 showing significant increases ranging from 39 to 108%. Pollinator visitation rates and degrees of self‐fertility also differed across these hybrids, in part explaining the variability in pollinator benefits that they received. Our study shows that insect pollinators increase confection sunflower yields, but benefits vary across hybrids due to their self‐fertility and relative attractiveness to pollinators.
Fertilizer Management and Environmental Factors Drive N2O and NO3 Losses in Corn: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Eagle Alison J. , Olander Lydia P. , Locklier Katie L. , Heffernan James B. , Bernhardt Emily S.
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Systematic review and meta‐analysis demonstrate key factors for reducing agricultural N losses.

Nitrification inhibitors and side‐dress fertilizer N each reduce N2O losses by ∼30%.

Temperature controls N2O emissions and precipitation controls NO3 leaching losses.

Higher levels of soil carbon reduce NO3 losses, but increase N2O emissions.

Lack of simultaneous data for N2Oand NO3 impedes understanding of tradeoffs and synergies.

Effective management of nitrogen (N) in agricultural landscapes must account for how nitrate (NO3) leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions respond to local field‐scale management and to broader environmental drivers such as climate and soil. We assembled a comprehensive database of fertilizer management studies with data on N2O (417 observations, 27 studies) and NO3 (388 observations, 25 studies) losses associated with 4R fertilizer N management in North American corn‐cropping systems. Only one study measured both losses, and studies of N2O and NO3 differed by location, time period, and management practices. Meta‐analysis of side‐by‐side comparisons found significant yield‐scaled N2O emission reductions when SUPERU replaced urea or UAN, and when urea replaced anhydrous ammonia. Hierarchical regression models found near‐equivalent magnitude effects on N2O emissions of 1°C rise in average July temperature (+), increase in soil C by 10 g kg–1 (+), nitrification inhibitors (–), side‐dressed fertilizer timing (–), broadcast fertilizer (–), and 100 kg N ha–1 decrease in fertilizer rate (–). Average NO3 leaching response to 100 kg N ha–1 reduction in fertilizer rate (–) were comparable to effects of 100 mm less annual precipitation (–), 10 g kg–1 more soil C (–), or replacing continuous corn with corn‐soybean rotations (–). The large effects of climate and soil, and the potential for opposite reactions to some management changes, indicate that more simultaneous measurements of N2O and NO3 losses are needed to understand their joint responses to management and environmental factors, and how these shape tradeoffs or synergies in pathways of N loss.
Exploring Osmotic Stress and Differences between Soil–Root Interface and Bulk Salinities
Authors: Jorda Helena , Perelman Adi , Lazarovitch Naftali , Vanderborght Jan
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

High transpiration rates lead to larger osmotic stress.

Osmotic stress is highly dependent on root length density.

Sinusoidal potential transpiration leads to larger stress than constant transpiration.

Design of efficient water irrigation strategies with a combination of high‐quality water and saline water relies on accurate prediction of root water uptake. Macroscopic models are usually used to predict root water uptake at the field scale. However, they miss proper representation of stress processes at the plant scale. A fully mechanistic three‐dimensional model was used to investigate the effect of root length density (RLD), transpiration rate and dynamics, potential leaching fraction (LF), and irrigation frequency and salinity on osmotic stress and gradients developed between the soil–root interface and the bulk soil. For the same LF and salinity level of the irrigation water, osmotic stress was larger at lower RLDs and higher transpiration rates. Roots were also more stressed when a sinusoidal transpiration boundary condition was considered. The variability of macroscopic parameters calculated for the simulated data show that macroscopic functions need to take into account RLD and transpiration rate to adequately predict osmotic stress. Finally, small salt concentration gradients were observed in this single‐root study where root density was assumed constant with depth. However, future work requires checking salt concentration gradients at the scale of a whole plant, where this assumption does not apply.
Roots Partially in Contact with Soil: Analytical Solutions and Approximation in Models of Nutrient and Water Uptake
Authors: de Willigen Peter , Heinen Marius , van Noordwijk Meine
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Partial root–soil contact has an impact on uptake.

For the radial situation, a steady‐rate solution can be used.

For partial longitudinal contact, steady‐rate solutions cannot always be used.

Root–soil contact entails a trade‐off between uptake opportunities and aeration requirements. A single root in the center of a cylinder of soil has been the standard geometry for which most root‐level water and nutrient uptake models have been derived. However, this implies assumptions about complete root–soil contact and regularly spaced, parallel roots that do not conform to the situation in the field. In reality, the frequency distribution of transport distances will differ from what the cylinder model assumes, both by partial root–soil contact and irregular three‐dimensional (3‐D) distribution. We derived analytical equations describing the transport of water and nutrients to and uptake by roots in partial contact with soil for two extremes: (i) part of each root in contact or (ii) part of all roots in full contact and the rest without. Solutions range from negligible impacts to proportionality of uptake to the part of roots in contact with soil.
Developing a Conceptual Framework of Landscape and Hydrology on Tallgrass Prairie:A Critical Zone Approach
Authors: Vero S.E. , Macpherson G.L. , Sullivan P.L. , Brookfield A.E. , Nippert J.B. , Kirk M.F. , Datta S. , Kempton P.
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Konza Prairie is a reference ecosystem for evaluation of current and former grasslands.

Hydrologic change includes climatic and geologic factors such as karstification.

Future research is needed to expand vadose zone knowledge.

Agricultural intensification and urbanization have greatly reduced the extent of tallgrass prairie across North America. To evaluate the impact of these changes, a reference ecosystem of unperturbed prairie is required. The Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeastern Kansas is a long‐term research site at which a critical zone approach has been implemented. Integration of climatic, ecologic, and hydropedologic research to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the complex environment provides the basis for predicting future aquifer and landscape evolution. We present a conceptual framework of the hydrology underpinning the area that integrates the extensive current and past research and provides a synthesis of the literature to date. The key factors in the hydrologic behavior of Konza Prairie are climate, ecology, vadose zone characteristics and management, and groundwater and bedrock. Significant interactions among these factors include bedrock dissolution driven by cool‐season precipitation and hence a climatic control on the rate of karstification. Soil moisture dynamics are influenced at various timescales due to the short‐ and long‐term effects of prescribed burning on vegetation and on soil physical characteristics. The frequency of burning regimes strongly influences the expansion of woody species in competition with native tallgrasses, with consequent effects on C and N dynamics within the vadose zone. Knowledge gaps exist pertaining to the future of Konza Prairie (a model for US tallgrass prairie)—whether continued karstification will lead to increasingly flashy and dynamic hydrology and whether compositional changes in the vegetation will affect long‐term changes in water balances.
Study on measuring method of the angular displacement of muzzle vibration for the small caliber gun
Authors: Wang Baoyuan , Ma Chunmao , Yang Diao , Chao Hongxiao , Zhang Pengfei
Published: October 2017

In order to solving the key technique of the angular displacement of muzzle vibration for the small caliber gun, a measuring method of double eddy current displacement sensors for the angular displacement of muzzle vibration is proposed. Two sensors are installed at the measuring points which are distributed near the muzzle. Then, by the triangle transformation method, the vertical and horizontal linear displacement of the muzzle vibration can be transformed to the vertical and horizontal angular displacement. It has been verified by the firing test that the method is non-contact and has the capability of anti-muzzle-flash and anti-shock, and that the test accuracy can meet the requirement of the gun firing environment. By this method, the law of the angular displacement of muzzle vibration under three running firing is obtained during the process that after projectile exit, about three circles of attenuation vibration for the muzzle happen, and then the next projectile begins to leave the muzzle. It shows that the average value of the angular displacement of muzzle vibration is 1.93 minute in azimuth and 1.42 minute in elevation.
Study on measuring technology of gun firing stability
Authors: Wang Baoyuan , Liu Jun , Heng Gang
Published: October 2017

The firing stability is a hot issue in the field of gun vibration research. For the test results of the gun firing stability, in order to overcome no time information, low measuring accuracy and method obsolete of the traditional mechanical-stylus method, a multi-dimension dynamic tester has been designed by combining the sensing components of linear displacement and angular displacement with mechanical designing principle. With the self-propelled artillery firing, the tester can obtain not only the displacement-time curve of the chassis back-forth and up-down translational motion and the pitching motion but also the motion trajectory of the firing plane. The traditional mechanical-stylus test method can be replaced by electricity test method for the gun firing stability measurement. It has been proved that the tester can meet the measurement requirements through range firing test application of multiple gun firing stability.
Study on new method for modal parameters identification of stiffened plate with four clamped edges
Authors: Bing Ma Tian , Fei Du , Jian Liu
Published: October 2017

In order to accurately and rapidly identify the vibration characteristic parameters of nonlinear stiffened plate structure, Rayleigh-Ritz method is used for modeling. First, the stiffened plate with four edges clamped is divided into plate and stiffeners. The plate is considered to be geometrically nonlinear, and the stiffeners are taken as Euler beams to solve the deformation energy and kinetic energy. Then, natural frequency of stiffened plate is solved by Rayleigh-Ritz method. Finally, stiffened plate structure in the laboratory is selected as the research object, results from Rayleigh - Ritz method calculation are compared with ANSYS and the swept frequency method results. The results show that the solution in this paper can be correct, which lays a good foundation for further nonlinear active control experiment.
Numerical analysis for viscosity temperature characteristics of abrasive flow finishing on micro-bore nozzle
Authors: Li Jun Ye , Zang Xiang , Meng Wen Qing , Zhang Xin Ming
Published: October 2017

Abrasive flow machining has become an efficient and economical ultra precision process for machining micro-bore parts. In this paper, aiming at viscosity temperature characteristics of abrasive flow finishing on micro-bore nozzle, under the guidance of the three governing equations of fluid mechanics theory, mixed phase model and discrete phase model were conducted, FLUENT software was resorted to simulate the discrete and fluid phase numerical characteristics of the solid-liquid two-phase flow field in the nozzle orifice with various field temperature and viscosity of slurry, the mechanism of erosion and wear of particles and effect of different processing parameters on particle erosion rate were uncovered, which provides a theoretical basis for the nozzle structure of abrasive flow machining.
Active vibration control of support sting in wind tunnel by using adaptive method
Authors: He Yujin , Zhao Shougen , Li Donghai , Li Tao
Published: October 2017

The low-frequency and large-amplitude coupled vibration of the support sting in wind tunnel affects the accuracy of the wind tunnel test’s data. An active vibration control system of support sting in wind tunnel is demonstrated using adaptive control method in this paper. Following the establishment of the finite element model, and the extraction of parameter matrix, the original model is reduced to lower-mode model which contains first two pitching modes based on DC gain ranking method. The active control model is proposed based on model reference adaptive control method (RACM) to control the low-frequency vibration of supporting sting in wind tunnel. Research results have justified the effectiveness of the controlled system and provided insight into the practical application of the proposed method.
Design and research of cutting load measuring device for coal and rock
Authors: Luo Chenxu , Jing Shuangxi , Yuan Jinle , Sheng Piao , Chen Lan
Published: October 2017

Based on the analysis of the present situation of the research on the cutting process of the drum, the research method of the equipment capable of obtaining the cutting force in the drum cutting process is proposed by combining the finite element explicit dynamic analysis. Aiming at the complicated force of the shearer’s pick cutter in cutting the coal rock. In this paper, the finite element software is used to explicit dynamics simulate the picking of coal mining in the cutting process, and the strain distribution on the cutting is determined. Based on this, the use of strain gauge bridge design ideas to indirectly obtain the force on the cutter, and finally get the relevant experimental data. Compared with the finite element simulation analysis, the feasibility of the two schemes is explained, and the foundation of the follow-up experiment is laid.
Dynamic mechanism modeling for dual-impulse behavior excited by a spall on outer race of ball bearing
Authors: Luo Mao Lin , Guo Yu
Published: October 2017

Fatigure in rolling element bearings results in spalling of the raceways or rolling elements which is the most common bearing fault. The size of the spalling area, however, has close relationship with dual-impulse behavior produced by a localized surface spall. Based on the Hertzian contact theory and investigation of the excitation mechanism of dual-impulse behavior excited by a localized surface spall, a new coupled non-linear dynamic model of the ball bearing with a localized surface spall on outer race is developed, which considers the time-varying displacement and contact force excitation. The solution to the differential equations is obtained applying the Runge-Kutta numerical integral method. The time interval of dual-impulse behavior is investigated in this paper. Comparisons of the stimulated and theoretical results and the experimental and theoretical results show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing using Naïve Bayes classifier
Authors: Yi Xiao Jian , Chen Yue Feng , Hou Peng
Published: October 2017

The development of machine learning brings a new way for diagnosing the fault of rolling element bearings. However, the method in machine learning with high accuracy often has the poor ability of generalization due to the overuse of feature engineering. To address this challenge, Naïve Bayes classifier is applied in this paper. As the one of the cluster of Bayes classifiers, its ability of classification is very outstanding. In this paper, the method is provided with a detailed description for why and how to diagnose the fault of bearing. Finally, an evaluation of the performance of Naïve Bayes classifier is presented with real world data. The evaluation indicates that Naïve Bayes classifier can achieve a high level of accuracy without any feature engineering.
An optical fiber measurement system design on tool radial vibration
Authors: Binghui Jia , Yong Feng
Published: October 2017

The effects of tool radial vibration bring not only poor surface quality, inferior dimensional accuracy, but also disproportionate tool wear or tool breakage and excessive noise. Therefore, online measurement and monitoring of tool vibration are necessary. In order to monitor the tool vibration, an optical fiber measurement system was design in this pater. Firstly, the structure and basic principle of the optical fiber sensor was given; secondly, the light intensity to voltage converter circuit was introduced; then, an experiment platform was built for verify the feasibility of the optical measuring system, and the result shows that the radial vibration of a smooth 10 mm diameter shaft can be measured quickly.
A development of an epiduroscopy training simulator based on spatial cognition learning
Authors: Jang Seong Wook , Ko Junho , Choi Yu Jin , Kim Yoon Sang
Published: October 2017

An epiduroscopy is an effective minimally invasive surgery (MIS) used for chronic lumbago and lumbar disc herniation. As such an endoscopy is hard to learn high-level surgical skills, efficient surgical training method or system is required. Therefore, this paper proposed an epiduroscopy training simulator based on spatial cognition learning. The proposed training simulator provided four scenarios for catheter manipulation training, and it provides quantitative training results based on various measured data (completion time, number of violation and surgical instrument trajectory).
An online monitoring, diagnosis and control system based on virtual instrument for CNC spindle
Authors: Hong Pang , Xing Wu , Tao Liu , Chang Liu
Published: October 2017

In the field of precision machining, the spindle is the “heart component” of the machining center. The dynamic performance of the spindle will directly affect the performance of the machine and the machining accuracy of the products. In order to avoid the above problems, an online monitoring, diagnosis and control system based on virtual instrument is designed for spindle. The system can monitor the operation condition of CNC electric spindle in real-time. Some classic signal processing and analysis methods are adopted such as time domain waveform, envelope spectrum and spectral kurtosis etc. The system is developed by LabVIEW language and on 107Z data acquisition system. The experiment platform for the system is a horizontal machining center of Dongyu CMV-1100A. The program is effective after preliminary test verification.
Characteristic analysis of a photon converter in a medical LINAC using GEANT4
Authors: Ko Junho , Kim Beom Yeong , Kim Yoon Sang
Published: October 2017

Medical LINACs (Linear Accelerators) use high energy photon beams to treat deeply located tumors. Generally, neutrons are produced by photonuclear reactions in the head of a medical LINAC using photon beams over 8 MV. Neutrons with high relative biological effectiveness and high permeability can cause many problems in terms of radiation protection. The threshold energy of photons producing neutrons in the head of a medical LINAC is 13.06 MV (Aluminum), 13.38 MV (Iron), 8.06 MV (Gold), and 7.41 MV (Tungsten). In this paper, we aim to analyze the characteristics of a photon converter in a medical LINAC using GEANT4 (Geometry and Tracking). For this, the photon and neutron spectrums of the optimized photon converter with tungsten were simulated with 2-24 MeV electron beams, and the ratio of photons with energies over 7.41 MV was analyzed.
Modeling method of failure dependent system based on time varying copula function
Authors: Xing Mengli , Xu Dan , He Jiaolan
Published: October 2017

This paper aims at solving the dynamic correlation of the complex dependence system with multiple failures. A correlation model and parameter estimation method based on time-varying copula function are proposed to solve the joint distribution between the interaction mechanism. In particular, three types of definition method for the time-varying copulas’ parameters are introduced. Finally, a comparative study and applicability analysis are performed to validate our proposed method.
Acquiring field data and creating vibration tests
Authors: Kamp Jade Vande
Published: October 2017

Today’s vibration testing standards are intended to simulate the field environments a product, device or package will experience in the real world. Products are tested for a wide range of reasons, from R&D, to production, to life testing. Understanding how a product will react to the real world and the end use environment is critical. It is common practice to collect field data from the end-use environment to verify the testing conditions have accounted for all the real-world conditions. This paper and presentation will discuss the variety of testing options available for the collected data. This includes playing back the recorded data on a shaker in real time, also referred to as long time-history playback. Other options discussed will be FFT transformation with average and peak-hold methods, the influence of kurtosis on the recorded data, and the proper use of the fatigue damage spectrum to generate a random PSD.
Coupled disturbance analysis of a pulse tube cryocooler
Authors: Li Shiqi , Zhang Heng , Liu Shiping , Wang Yue
Published: October 2017

To predict accurate micro-vibration produced by a spaceborne payload mounted pulse tube cryocooler (PTC), a coupled disturbance analysis of cryocooler with flexible support structures have been discussed and investigated. A coupled transfer function matrix is introduced by improving the traditional disturbance analysis. According to the coupling disturbance relationship between the source and supporting structure, microvibration input load is accurately obtained. Based on the finite element model of the space camera, the performance of optical system is analyzed. Compared to the decoupled method, this coupled method can accurately predict the local transfer characteristics between cryocooler and interface.
Study on the damping reduction of the safe-belt constraint system of low gravity center cable-stayed bridge
Authors: Lu Ping , Wu Haijun , Li Qing , Zhang Wenxue
Published: October 2017

The structural system with better seismic performance is one of the key to the seismic design of cable-stayed bridges. The research shows that the internal force response of floating system is small and the displacement response is large, and the seismic response of the hinged system is the opposite. However, the tower bottom moment of the fix hinged cable-bridge could be less than it of the floating system actually, because the inertia force of the girder in the hinge system would be transmitted to the tower through the connection of tower and girder. In the light of these characteristics, a new low-gravity cable-stayed bridge seismic structure system, the safe-belt constraint system, is proposed in this paper, and the seismic response characteristics are studied by ANSYS. In addition, the effect of safe-belt parameters on the vibration reduction effect of the belt system cable-stayed bridge is analyzed.
Research on the near field sound source localization method for small snapshots
Authors: Ji Qing , Cheng Jin Fang
Published: October 2017

The performance of standard MVDR algorithm would be decreased sharply when the sampled data is small. In this paper, vector MVDR algorithm and the diagonal loading are proposed to improve the robustness. Firstly, the sample date covariance matrix is whitened to obtain more uniform noise, and then use the standard deviation of covariance matrix as the loading amount to complete diagonal loading. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulation. Simulation results reveal that it has higher positioning accuracy with small sample, with the increase of SNR and snapshots, the estimation’s RMSE of target location decreases continuously.
Research on vibration employed for the train traffic control
Authors: Burdzik Rafał , Konieczny Łukasz , Nowak Bogusław , Rozmus Jacek
Published: October 2017

The paper presents extended abstract on preliminary research on vibration employed for the trains traffic control. The research was conducted on experimental rail track with typical level crossing devices. The results present 3-axle distribution of vibration generated by the train simulator wheel-rail contact. For the sake of the numerical analysis of magnitude of the vibration the basic statistics have been calculated. The Fourier transformations of the signals presents the dominant frequency bands.
An approach to fault diagnosis for gearbox based on reconstructed energy and support vector machine
Authors: Chao Likun , Lu Chen , Ma Jian
Published: October 2017

Normally sensors can only be mounted on the outer shell of gearbox, which induce more difficulties to diagnose gearbox such as serious noise contamination, signal coupling and transmission path effect. Taking into account the unique structural characteristics of gearbox, this paper presents a novel method of using reconstructed energy and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to diagnose various failure or fault modes of gears, shafts and bearings. First, FFT is performed to get the frequency domain information of raw vibration signals. Then, a series of reconstruction filters are designed to remove unwanted information and enhance signal components of interest, which correspond to specific fault information of various elements. Finally, SVM is utilized to classify different faults such as bent shaft, broken gear and defect bearing. The proposed approach has proved to be effective in solving gearbox faults classification of the 2009 PHM Conference Data Analysis Competition.
Evaluation of the optimal size of a rainwater harvesting system in Sicily
Authors: Notaro Vincenza , Liuzzo Lorena , Freni Gabriele
Published: October 2017

In the Mediterranean area, water scarcity represents a critical issue due to the increasing water demand related to the population growth and the expansion of urban and industrialized areas. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) may be an effective alternative water supply solution to deal with water scarcity in order to reduce non-potable water needs. The reliability of RWH systems is greatly affected by the intensity and the temporal distribution of rainfall events. The purpose of the present study was to identify the optimal tank capacity, in terms of water saving efficiency, of a RWH system installed to supply water for toilet flushing, garden irrigation and both uses with reference to a single-family house in a residential area of Sicily (southern Italy). A water balance simulation of the rainwater storage tank was performed to define the tank release rule. The optimal capacity of the RWH tank was evaluated considering three different catchment surfaces, namely 100, 200 and 300 m2. Results showed that, in some areas of the region, the system could be able to provide significant water savings, even with the installation of collecting tanks of less than 10 m3, thus ensuring important environmental and economic benefits to the householders.
Quasi-probability distributions for observables in dynamic systems
Authors: Hofer Patrick P.
Published: October 2017

We develop a general framework to investigate fluctuations of non-commuting observables. To this end, we consider the Keldysh quasi-probability distribution (KQPD). This distribution provides a measurement-independent description of the observables of interest and their time-evolution. Nevertheless, positive probability distributions for measurement outcomes can be obtained from the KQPD by taking into account the effect of measurement back-action and imprecision. Negativity in the KQPD can be linked to an interference effect and acts as an indicator for non-classical behavior. Notable examples of the KQPD are the Wigner function and the full counting statistics, both of which have been used extensively to describe systems in the absence as well as in the presence of a measurement apparatus. Here we discuss the KQPD and its moments in detail and connect it to various time-dependent problems including weak values, fluctuating work, and Leggett-Garg inequalities. Our results are illustrated using the simple example of two subsequent, non-commuting spin measurements.
The Economic Consequences of Accounting Standards: Evidence from Risk-Taking in Pension Plans
Authors: Anantharaman Divya , Chuk Elizabeth C.
Published: October 2017

Experts have long conjectured that pension accounting rules, by which pension expense depends on a managerial estimate that is directly tied to the riskiness of plan assets (i.e., the expected rate of return, or ERR, on plan assets), encourage risk-taking with pension investments. The recent passage of IAS 19, Employee Benefits (Revised) (hereafter, IAS 19R) eliminates the ERR and replaces it with a managerial estimate unrelated to plan asset riskiness (the discount rate). We demonstrate that a sample of Canadian firms affected by IAS 19R reduces risk-taking in pension investments post-IAS 19R, compared to a control sample of U.S. firms unaffected by IAS 19R. Therefore, removing firms' ability to recognize immediately in net income the expected higher returns from risk-taking (via a higher ERR) reduces their propensity for that risk-taking—providing some of the first empirical evidence on the economic consequences of eliminating the ERR-based pension accounting model.
Environmental Responsibility, External Assurance, and Firm Valuation
Authors: Sharma Divesh S. , Sharma Vineeta D. , Litt Barri A.
Published: October 2017

We provide new evidence in examining whether external auditors price environmental responsibility initiatives when performing the audit of financial statements. We also examine how investors value the firm when environmental initiatives occur in conjunction with higher audit fees. Results show environmental initiatives are positively associated with audit fees, but the extent of this association varies across the five different types of environmental initiatives we consider. We further find that auditors appear to price environmental initiatives due to their risk rather than additional audit effort. While environmental initiatives may be costly from an audit standpoint, investors value (Tobin's Q) firms more highly when environmental initiatives occur in conjunction with higher audit fees. Collectively, our findings imply that auditors price environmental initiatives into the audit and investors value firms more highly when auditors consider this social responsibility.
NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION TRIALS MODEL IN POOR AREAS OF BALI PROVINCE
Authors: Adhi Kadek Tresna , Utami Ni Wayan Arya , Adnyana I Made Suka
Published: October 2017

Abstract The result from food utilization analysis in 2015 showed that a needed for a community based nutrition intervention

model to decrease malnutrition cases among under five years children. This was non experimental study using pre-post test

approached, conducted in Karangasem and Bangli regency. Samples were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were

collected by questionnaire and observation. Nutrition intervention model was arranged in the form of training module given to

society’s figure and integrated post service’s cadres. Result from trial of training module I showed no significant difference

between means of knowledge before and after training with p-value (1,00) > ? (0,05), meanwhile in the trial of training module

II showed significant difference between means of knowledge before and after training with p-value (0,048) < ? (0,05). Needed a

model for socialization the nutrition intervention’s module which actively involved society’s figures and integrated post service’s

cadre and ad vocation to policy maker thereby it can support the success of community nutrition improving program.
P-Glycoprotein Expression on Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Niiruri R. , Narayani I. , Ariawati K. , Herawati S.
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objective: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression on neoplastic cells can deteriorate the therapeutic outcome on cancer patients.

P-gp plays important role on drug efficacy and toxicity. This research aimed to measure P-gp expression on children with Acute

Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) on Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Method: Flowcytometry method was used to measure P-gp

expression level on Bone Marrow samples from pediatric patients (0-12 years old) who were newly diagnosed with ALL in

Sanglah Hospital. P-gp overexpression were based on the percentage of cell stained. Ten percent of P-gp expression were

considered as the cut-off value of P-gp overexpression. Result: On this study, 11 samples were obtained with the range value of

56-97% on P-gp expression. Conclusion: All 11 patients had P-gp overexpression.
POTENSI BAKTERI Pseudomonas sp. DAN Ochrobactrum sp. YANG DI ISOLASI DARI BERBAGAI SAMPEL TANAH DALAM MENDEGRADASI LIMBAH POLIMER PLASTIK BERBAHAN DASAR HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) DAN LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)
Authors: Inas Riandi Muhammad , Kawuri Retno , Sudirga Sang Ketut
Published: October 2017

plastics on a large scale has an effect on the increase to the amount of world waste, such as High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastics. This study, tried to isolate Pseudomonas and Ochrobactrum bacteria from varioussoil in dumped soil area and mangrove forest in Bali to find out the degradation ability of the bacteria against HDPE and LDPEplastics. The methods used in this study were pour plate method, Biochemical and morphology identification by using Bergey’sManual of Determinative Bacteriology 9th Edition book as a reference, screening test and the determination of bacterial species byusing Vitek 2 Compact System. Evaluation of degradation result was done by measuring the weight loss of plastics residues. Thisstudy has isolated 27 bacteria that estimated from genus Pseudomonas and Ochrobactrum with characteristics as basil shape, Gramnegative, positive catalase and classified as non-fermenter bacteria. Isolate 2 bacteria which isolated from Suwung dumped soil hasidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi with the ability of HDPE degradation by 20% and Isolate 24 which isolated from Karangasemdumped soil has identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the ability of HDPE degradation by 18,75%.Keywords : Plastics waste, Biodegradation, High Density Polyethylene and Low Density Polyetene
Presentación Monográfico Migraciones y codesarrollo SenegalEspaña: efectos en las regiones de origen
Authors: LLevot Calvet Núria , Fall Papa Demba
Published: October 2017

La profesora Nuria Llevot obtuvo financiación, en 2015, para el Proyecto "Cooperación interuniversitaria Europa-África. Migraciones internacionales: investigación y transferencia”, desde la convocatoria de la Oficina de Desarrollo y Cooperación (ODEC) de la Universidad de Lleida, con otros investigadores del grupo de investigación “Análisis Social y Educativo” (GR-ASE), SGR-307 de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Jordi Garreta, Jordi Domingo y Olga Bernad), y otros procedentes del Instituto de África Negra (Papa Demba, Bara Mboup, Ismaila Ciss y Yassine Mame Sarr). Por ello aprovechamos este espacio para agradecer a ODEC que esta investigación y publicación haya sido posible y, especialmente, su interés y apoyo en todo momento.
Inmigración africana en el contexto rural de Cataluña
Authors: Domingo Jordi , Bernad Olga
Published: October 2017

El texto presenta la población inmigrante, con especial interés en la de origen africano, en el medio rural catalán. Para ello muestra la distribución de la población inmigrante en España y Cataluña, como marcos de referencia, y analiza los procesos sociales que se producen en un medio rural que vive una profunda transformación. Para su realización se han utilizado los datos demográficos del padrón continuo de la población del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Estos datos permiten dibujar un mínimo escenario donde se desarrolla el proceso inmigratorio. Por otro lado, la realidad cotidiana de este proceso migratorio se analiza a partir de entrevistas en profundidad y grupos de discusión con los protagonistas, autóctonos e inmigrantes, que permiten observar las barreras reales y percibidas en este encuentro así como los retos que se vislumbran ante esta nueva realidad.
Impact of surface hydroxylation in MgO-/SnO-nanocluster modified TiO2 anatase (101) composites on visible light absorption, charge separation and reducibility.
Authors: Nolan Michael , Rhatigan Stephen
Published: October 2017

Surface modification with metal oxide nanoclusters has emerged as a candidate for the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide. An increase in visible light absorption and the suppression of charge carrier recombination are necessary to improve the efficiency. We have studied Mg4O4 and Sn4O4 nanoclusters modifying the (101) surface of anatase TiO2 using density functional theory corrected for on-site Coulomb interactions (DFT + U). Such studies typically focus on the pristine surface, free of the point defects and surface hydroxyls present in real surfaces. We have also examined the impact of partial hydroxylation of the anatase surface on a variety of outcomes such as nanocluster adsorption, light absorption, charge separation and reducibility. Our results indicate that the modifiers adsorb strongly at the surface, irrespective of the presence of hydroxyl groups, and that modification extends light absorption into the visible range while enhancing UV activity. Our model for the excited state of the heterostructures demonstrates that photoexcited electrons and holes are separated onto the TiO2 surface and metal oxide nanocluster respectively. Comparisons with bare TiO2 and other TiO2-based photocatalyst materials are presented throughout.
МОНОЛИТНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ ИЗ ЦЕМЕНТНОГО ГАЗОБЕТОНА
Authors: Opekunov V. V.
Published: October 2017

В статье рассмотрены научные и технологические основы изготовления монолитных конструкций из цементного газобетона с волокнистой добавкой.
ХІМІЧНО СТІЙКА КЕРАМІКА З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ЧЕРВОНОГО ШЛАМУ
Authors: Cherniak L. P.
Published: October 2017

Показана можливість використання відходів глиноземного виробництва – червоного шламу як техногенної сировини у технології хімічно стійкої кераміки для підвищення лугостійкості виробів. Розглянутий зв'язок цього ефекту із структурою матеріалу.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ТЕРМООБРОБКИ ДРІБНОДИСПЕРСНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ В ІНЕРТНОМУ ПСЕВДОЗРІДЖЕНОМУ ШАРІ
Authors: Orishkevych S. O. , Sobchenko H. O.
Published: October 2017

У статті розглянуто особливості моделювання процесу термооборобки в інертному псевдозрідженому шарі дрібнодисперсного матеріалу.
ОГРАЖДАЮЩИЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ И ИНЖЕНЕРНЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ «ПАССИВНОГО» ЗДАНИЯ ДЛЯ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ УКРАИНЫ
Authors: Bovtenko V. Y.
Published: October 2017

В статье приведен анализ технических решений в области энергоэффективного строительства. Рассмотрены теплофизические параметры различных теплоизоляционных материалов в составе ограждающих конструкций зданий.
ВЫБОР ЛЕГКОГО СИЛИКАТНОГО НОСИТЕЛЯ ДЛЯ ГЕЛЕВОГО ОГНЕТУШАЩЕГО СЛОЯ ПРИ ПОЖАРОТУШЕНИИ
Authors: Dadashov Y. F. , Mykheenko L. A. , Kyreev A. A.
Published: October 2017

В работе были исследованы возможные способы обеспечения плавучести гелевых слоёв на поверхности горючей жидкости (бензина). Приведены результаты экспериментального поиска материалов для их использования в качестве носителя огнетушащего геля системы «лёгкий носитель - гель» при тушении пожара. Установлено, что наиболее эффективными легкими носителями огнетушащего геля являются разработанные керамзит и пеностекло, поскольку именно эти силикатные материалы показали лучшие результаты плавучести на поверхности бензина.
КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНЫЕ СТЕНОВЫЕ БЛОКИ ИЗ ЦЕМЕНТНОГО ГАЗОБЕТОНА
Authors: Opekunov V. V.
Published: October 2017

В статье рассмотрены научные и технологические основы индустриального производства стеновых мелких блоков из цементного газобетона и клинкерного газобетона на современном оборудовании.
ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ МОДУЛЬНО-БЛОЧНОГО ИСПОЛНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ СМЕСЕЙ
Authors: Opekunov V. V.
Published: October 2017

В статье рассмотрены научные и технологические основы изготовления монолитных конструкций из плотных и поризованных цементных формовочных смесей, полученных с применением комплектов мобильного оборудования.
РАЗРАБОТКА ГЛАЗУРИ ДЛЯ КЕРАМИЧЕСКИХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Fedorenko E. Iu. , Hevorkian E. S. , Daineko E. B. , Horbunova A. A.
Published: October 2017

Представлены результаты разработки составов нефриттованных глазурей для низкотемпературного электрофарфора с применением комплексных прогнозных расчетов свойств расплавов и покрытий.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ШАРУВАТИХ НАНОКОМПОЗИТІВ ТИПУ «МЕТАЛ-ДІЕЛЕКТРИК» МЕТОДОМ ТРАФАРЕТНОГО ДРУКУ
Authors: Umerova S. O. , Dulina I. O. , Baranovskyi D. I. , Rahulia A. V.
Published: October 2017

Дана стаття присвячена формуванню нанокомпозитів типу «метал-діелектрик» методом трафаретного друку. Встановлено, що одержання нанокомпозиту шляхом послідовного нанесення декількох шарів пластифікованої діелектричної пасти на основі нанопорошку ВаТіО3 із подальшим нанесенням шару провіднику пасти на основі нанопорошку Ni/NiO обумовлює формування суцільних двошарових об’єктів після спікання. При цьому одержані нанокомпозити характеризуються чіткою межею розділу між двома функціональними шарами.
РЕОЛОГІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ТА ПЛІВКОУТВОРЮЮЧА ЗДАТНІСТЬ ПОЛІМЕРНИХ СУСПЕНЗІІЙ НА ОСНОВІ НАНОПОРОШКУ BaTiO3
Authors: Ivanchenko S. E. , Umerova S. O. , Dulina I. O. , Baranovskyi D. I. , Rahulia A. V.
Published: October 2017

У роботі досліджувався вплив зміни типу основних компонентів суспензій і їх кількості на властивості суспензій для плівкового лиття та отриманих із них плівок. Встановлені залежності, що дозволяють підібрати склад суспензії для лиття тонких діелектричних плівок і використання їх в багатошарових керамічних конденсаторах.
Low 2016/17 season vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H3N2) among elderly: awareness warranted for 2017/18 season
Authors: Rondy Marc , Gherasim Alin , Casado Itziar , Launay Odile , Rizzo Caterina , Pitigoi Daniela , Mickiene Aukse , Marbus Sierk D , Machado Ausenda , Syrjänen Ritva K , Pem-Novose Iva , Horváth Judith Krisztina , Larrauri Amparo , Castilla Jesús , Vanhems Philippe , Alfonsi Valeria , Ivanciuc Alina E , Kuliese Monika , van Gageldonk-Lafeber Rianne , Gomez Veronica , Ikonen Niina , Lovric Zvjezdana , Ferenczi Annamária ,   I-MOVE+ hospital working group, Moren Alain
Published: October 2017

In a multicentre European hospital study we measured influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against A(H3N2) in 2016/17. Adjusted IVE was 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1 to 31) overall; 25% (95% CI: 2 to 43) among 65–79-year-olds and 13% (95% CI: −15 to 30) among those ≥ 80 years. As the A(H3N2) vaccine component has not changed for 2017/18, physicians and public health experts should be aware that IVE could be low where A(H3N2) viruses predominate.
Contact Angle Measurement for The Surface Characterization of Solids
Authors: Subedi D. P.
Published: October 2017

This paper reports a description of the theory of contact angle measurement and its use for the determination of surface energy of solids. The main objective of the work is to present a convenient approach to explain wetting phenomenon using contact angle theory. A brief review of Young’s equation and Young- Dupre equation is also presented followed by an extended Fowke’s equation widely used for the calculation of surface energy of solids. The two liquid model has been applied to determine the surface energy of polycarbonate and low density polyethylene.Key words: Contact angle; Surface energy; Surface characterization; Wettability; Young’s equation; Fowke’s modelThe Himalayan Physics Vol.2, No.2, May, 2011Page:1-4Uploaded Date: 31 July, 2011