bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Libraries and Publisher Price Control: The Net Price System (1901–1914) and Contemporary E-book Pricing
Authors: Zhang Mei , Senchyne Jonathan
Published: September 2017

This article explores how librarians have responded to publishers' control over book prices in two different, yet related, historical periods. It historicizes the net price system, a book-price control system in the early twentieth century, within debates by librarians about library book buying and price negotiation practices. Turning to similarities in current e-book pricing, the article focuses on how publishers reduce the “fragility” of books as cultural commodities in either paper or electronic format, and then explores how libraries, publishers, and distributors gain power in library book pricing.
Reform and Revolution: Juvenile Detention Center Libraries in the 1970s
Authors: Austin Jeanie
Published: September 2017

Librarians working with incarcerated populations during the 1970s drew from and contributed to ongoing movements against oppression based on race, gender, and sexuality. These movements shaped the ideologies and actions of librarians working with incarcerated youth. Librarians' ideological approaches were not always articulated through publications. This article examines publications in special issues of library journals during this period alongside associational archives and the revolutionary newsletter Inside-Outside to interrogate how ideologies of reform or revolution shaped library practice in juvenile detention facilities during this time. Inherent in this undertaking is an evaluation of how mainstream avenues for publication and association proceedings may have favored reformist positions. Available publications and records that relate to juvenile detention center libraries in the 1970s are framed in a larger discussion of youth incarceration.
Overleeft de survival clause?
Authors: Van Wechem T.H.M. , Spanjaard J.H.M.
Published: September 2017

Overleeft de survival clause?

De survival clause wordt in veel contracten aangetroffen en heeft tot doel te bewerkstelligen dat de daarin genoemde artikelen het einde van de overeenkomst overleven. In dit artikel onderzoeken de schrijvers of de survival clause nodig is, dan wel dat de wettelijke regelingen over ontbinding en vernietiging het onderwerp al afdoende regelen. De schrijvers concluderen dat de survival clause nut heeft.
Het bestaansrecht van de Wet op de economische delicten revisited
Authors: Haentjens R.C.P.
Published: September 2017

Het bestaansrecht van de Wet op de economische delicten revisited

De WED lijkt toe aan herziening in de vorm van een kaderwet Wet op de ordeningsdelicten (WOD). De structuur van de aanduiding van de materiële normen kan zo blijven, aangevuld met een specifiek sanctiearsenaal. Er dient een nuancering in de sancties te worden aangebracht door culpose delicten te introduceren. Strafvorderlijk gezien dient in de WOD een juridisch kader te worden gecreëerd voor onder andere overlegstructuren van toezichthouders en OM en de afdoeningsmodaliteit voor buitengerechtelijke afdoening. In de sanctietoemeting zal de verhouding tussen strafrecht en bestuursrecht opnieuw moeten worden geregeld. Speciale aandacht dient de Europese wetgeving in de nieuwe WOD te krijgen.
De AOW-uitkering van de gedetineerde uitkeringsgerechtigde
Authors: van der Vorm B.
Published: September 2017

De AOW-uitkering van de gedetineerde uitkeringsgerechtigde

Gedurende de periode waarin appellant onder toepassing van artikel 577c Sv lijfsdwang onderging in een penitentiair psychiatrisch centrum, was hem rechtens zijn vrijheid ontnomen in de zin van artikel 8b, tweede lid, van de AOW. Appellant heeft daarom over die periode geen recht op AOW-pensioen. Blijkens de wetsgeschiedenis bij artikel 8b AOW heeft de wetgever bij de term ‘rechtens zijn vrijheid ontnomen’ niet enkel gedacht aan gevangenisstraf, maar ook aan andere vormen van detentie, zoals gijzeling wegens het niet betalen van verkeersboetes of het niet nakomen van wettelijke verplichtingen.
Random Image Matching CAPTCHA System
Authors: Hajjdiab Hassan
Published: September 2017

Security risks is an important issues and caught the attention of researchers in the area of networks, web development, human computer interaction and software engineering. One main challenge for online systems is to identify whether the users are humans or software robots (bots). While it is natural to provide service to human users, providing service for software robots (bots) comes with many security risks and challenges. Software robots are often used by spammers to create fake online accounts, affect search engine ranking, take part in on-line polls, send out spam or simply waste the resources of the server. In this paper we introduce a visual CAPTCHA technique that is based on generating random images by the computer, theuser is then asked to match a feature point between two images (i.e. solve the correspondence problem as defined by the researchers in the computer vision area). The relationship between the two images is based on a randomly generated homography transformation function. The main advantage of our approach compared to other visual CAPTCHA techniques is that we eliminate the need for a database of images while retaining ease of use.
Ecological aspects of the floral structure and flowering in Pulsatilla species
Authors: Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Sulborska Aneta , Żuraw Beata , Chyżewska Renata , Sawidis Thomas
Published: September 2017

In terms of flowering ecology, Pulsatilla flowers are classified as “pollen flowers” producing inconsiderable amounts of nectar. The aim of this study was to assess the length of the flowering period in Pulsatilla slavica and P. vulgaris and to investigate the structure of the epidermis of the perianth and generative elements of their flowers. Special focus was placed on the structure of hairs and the distribution of stomata. The weight of nectar released by the flowers of the two Pulsatilla species and the content of sugars in the nectar was also evaluated. In SE Poland, both species flowered for similar periods between the second half of April and the first half of May. The flower life-span of both was determined to be 9–14 days. The lower part of each sepal was observed to be covered by long hairs having cellulose-pectin cell walls of varying thickness. Hairs present on the pistil style are thinner; they may provide some protection against cold and can play a role of a secondary pollen presenter for insects. The bowl-shaped structure of the perianth and the nature of the adaxial surface of the sepal epidermis may facilitate reflection of sunlight into the inner parts of the flower, which may contribute to an elevation of the intraflower temperature. This is particularly important for the functionality of the ovary. The surface of the hairs was seen to be covered by a cuticle ensuring water impermeability. Flowers are visited by honeybees, bumblebees, butterflies, and ants, for which nectar and pollen are the main attractants. Ants, which are regarded as illegitimate flower visitors, were found to cause damage to the androecium. The number of fruits produced in the flowers of both Pulsatilla species was lower than 50% of the number of pistils.
TWO-PHASE FLOW REGIME THREE-DIMENSONAL VISUALIZATION USING ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY – ALGORITHMS AND SOFTWARE
Authors: Banasiak Robert , Wajman Radosław , Jaworski Tomasz , Fiderek Paweł , Kapusta Paweł , Sankowski Dominik
Published: September 2017

This paper presents the software for comprehensive processing and visualization of 2D and 3D electrical tomography data. The system name as TomoKIS Studio has been developed in the frame of DENIDIA international research project and has been improved in the frame of Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education Project no 4664/B/T02/2010/38. This software is worldwide unique because it simultaneously integrates the process of tomographic data acquisition, numerical FEM modeling and tomographic images reconstruction. The software can be adapted to specific industrial applications, particularly to monitoring and diagnosis of two-phase flows. The software architecture is composed of independent modules. Their combination offers calibration, configuration and full-duplex communication with any tomographic acquisition system with known and open communication protocol. The other major features are: online data acquisition and processing, online and offline 2D/3D images linear and nonlinear reconstruction and visualization as well as raw data and tomograms processing. Another important ability is 2D/3D ECT sensor construction using FEM modeling. The presented software is supported with the multi-core GPU technology and parallel computing using Nvidia CUDA technology.
METHODS FOR MONITORING GRAVITATIONAL FLOW IN SILOS USING TOMOGRAPHY IMAGE PROCESSING
Authors: Grudzień Krzysztof , Sankowski Dominik
Published: September 2017

The article presents the methods of monitoring of the process of gravitational silo discharging with aid of tomography techniques. The described methods apply to funnel and mass flow measurement. The core unit of the presented monitoring system is an image-processing module, while the images are obtained with aid of the electrical capacitance tomography. For the funnel type of flow, the outputs of image processing are parameters describing the process flow, location and material concentration in funnel area. In the case of the mass flow regime the presented method provides information about the parameters of shear zones arising by the wall region of the silo that influence the interaction between the bulk and silo construction during silo discharging.
MULTI PHASE FLOW MEASUREMENTS WITH THE APPLICATION OF ECT/ERT DECART MULTIMODALITY TOMOGRAPH
Authors: Nowakowski Jacek , Banasiak Robert , Wajman Radosław , Sankowski Dominik
Published: September 2017

The multi-phase flow measurements are very important tasks in many areas of industrial processes applications. One of them is undersea exploration of oil in the petroleum industry. The submitted paper presents application of DECART tomograph designed and built in Lodz University of Technology - together with combined measurements of signals acquired from gamma ray measurement system. Use of all measuring modalities allowed for performing measurements of a flow composed of sea water, oil and gas. The paper presents theoretical principles applied to design multimodality tomograph and results of experiments performed in the University of Bergen. Measurement confirmed that multi-modality approach allows giving fast and reliable on-line results of measurements of composition of multi-phase flow. Applied algorithms allowed to speed up on-line measurements and presenting results in a form required in industrial applications. The derived conclusions can be used as guidelines for preparation of industrial applicable construction of tomograph.
TOPOLOGICAL ALGORITHMS TO SOLVE INVERSE PROBLEM IN ELECTRICAL TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz
Published: September 2017

In this paper, there were investigated topological algorithms to solve the inverse problem in electrical tomography. The level set method, material derivative, shape derivative and topological derivative are based on shape and topology optimization approach to electrical impedance tomography problems with piecewise constant conductivities. The cost of the numerical algorithm is enough good, because the shape is captured on a fixed grid. The proposed solution is initialized by using topological sensitivity analysis. Shape derivative and material derivative (or topological derivative) have been incorporated with level set methods to investigate shape optimization problems.
MONITORING DAMAGE AND DAMPNESS IN FLOOD EMBANKMENT BY ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz , Adamkiewicz Przemysław
Published: September 2017

The article presents a model of the measuring system for image reconstruction. Electrical impedance tomography was used to determine the moisture of the test flood blank on a specially built model. The Gauss-Newton methods have been applied very successfully in many areas of the scientific modelling. The basic information about the built model system is given. The finite element method was used to solve the forward problem. The level set method and the Gauss-Newton method were applied to solve the inverse problem.
LEVEL SETS AND COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ALGORITHMS TO MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS IN E-MEDICUS SYSTEM
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz
Published: September 2017

In this work, there were implemented methods to analyze and segmentation medical images by using topological, statistical algorithms and artificial intelligence techniques. The solution shows the architecture of the system collecting and analyzing data. There was tried to develop an algorithm for level set method (LSM) applied to piecewise constant image segmentation. These algorithms are needed to identify arbitrary number of phases for the segmentation problem. The image segmentation refers to the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple regions. There is typically used to locate objects and boundaries in images. There was also shown an algorithm for analyzing medical images using a neural network MLP.
HYBRID TECHNIQUES TO SOLVE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS IN EIT
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz , Tchórzewski Paweł
Published: September 2017

This paper presents the hybrid algorithm for identification the unknown shape of an interface to solve the inverse problem in electrical impedance tomography. The conductivity values in different regions are determined by the finite element method. The numerical algorithm is a combination of the level set method, Gauss-Newton method and the finite element method. The representation of the shape of the boundary and its evolution during an iterative reconstruction process is achieved by the level set function. The cost of the numerical algorithm is enough effective. These algorithms are a relatively new procedure to overcome this problem.
IDEA OF ELECTRICAL TOMOGRAPHY SYSTEM FOR MONITORING LUNG VENTILATION
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz , Adamkiewicz Przemysław , Tchórzewski Paweł
Published: September 2017

In many applications of electrical tomography, such as monitoring the lungs of unconscious intensive care patients, data acquisition on the entire boundary of the body is impractical. The boundary area available for electrical tomography measurements is restricted. Physiological processes that produce changes in the electrical conductivity of the body can be monitored by hybrid algorithms. This paper presents the architecture of the system based on electrical tomography.
Educación emprendedora y metodologías activas para su fomento
Authors: Paños Castro Jessica
Published: September 2017

El emprendimiento no solo se refiere a la creación de nuevas empresas y/o negocios. Hoy en día a su vez es entendida como una competencia que engloba un conjunto de habilidades y destrezas como son la creatividad, el liderazgo, el trabajo en equipo, la innovación, la toma de decisiones…; todas ellas demandadas en el ámbito personal, social y profesional. Las instituciones educativas deberían promover está competencia al verse contemplada en las leyes educativas (Ley 2/2006; Ley 8/2013) y planes de estudios universitarios. Ahora bien, ¿qué metodologías se deberían emplear para desarrollar está competencia?, ¿En qué consisten? y ¿qué competencias fomenta cada una de ellas? El objetivo de este artículo es responder a estos interrogantes realizando una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos artículos publicados, pero antes se hace un recorrido por el término emprendimiento para a continuación señalar las habilidades y destrezas que engloba esta competencia, y el objetivo de la educación emprendedora. 
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas docentes que favorecen la formación del carácter en estudiantes universitarios: una propuesta de evaluación
Authors: Osorio Pineda Irene
Published: September 2017

El tema de la formación de carácter resulta determinante porque es uno de los retos a recuperar en diversos escenarios educativos, especialmente en el ámbito de las universidades. Actualmente las universidades se debaten entre criterios de competencia que no abarcan en completitud el sentido de la formación integral dado que a pesar de asumir la responsabilidad social de formar profesionistas con una proyección humana sustentada en valores y actitudes que promuevan el bien común, se pondera en la mayoría de los casos, una visión formativa centrada más en la competitividad. Los docentes tienen un rol central en el proceso formativo por lo que es importante entender cómo participan en la conformación del carácter. El presente artículo comprende el diseño y validación de un instrumento de medida consistente en un cuestionario denominado CAPFC que pretende identificar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas docentes que favorecen la formación del carácter en estudiantes universitarios. Su estructura se integra a partir de la clasificación de virtudes y fortalezas propuesta por Seligman y Peterson (2004). Se establece que el instrumento es útil, válido y confiable para ser empleado en el contexto universitario.
Verdenslitteratur i Frankrig
Authors: Verstraete-Hansen Lisbeth
Published: September 2017

Anmeldelse af Mads Anders Baggesgaard: Nye franske verdener. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, Verdenslitteratur 5, 2016, 292 sider.
Modifiers for Military Strategy
Authors: Widjajanto Andi
Published: September 2017

Tulisan ini menjelaskan variasi yang muncul dalam strategi militer dengan menganalisa empat faktor yang berperan sebagai determinan dalam perumusan strategi militer, yaitu struktur sistem internasional, budaya institusi militer, inovasi teknologi, dan penggunaan kekuatan militer. Analisa pertama tentang variasi dari strategi militer yang terkait dengan sistem internasional dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori perimbangan ofensif dan defensif. Teori ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel sistemik seperti perimbangan kekuatan dan perlombaan senjata, berpengaruh terhadap pilihan strategi militer suatu negara. Analisa kedua tentang budaya militer menunjukkan bahwa setiap negara memiliki kepercayaan strategis tentang perang yang terbentuk karena beberapa faktor seperti pengalaman perang, pertimbangan geostrategis, evolusi organisasi militer, dan proyeksi kepentingan nasional. Budaya militer ini cenderung tidak bersifat statik sehingga berpengaruh terhadap munculnya variasi strategi militer suatu negara. Analisa ketiga tentang teknologi militer menunjukkan bahwa proses internalisasi teknologi militer terkini dalam organisasi militer akan mempengaruhi pilihan strategi militer suatu negara. Kegagalan proses internalisasi ini cenderung akan melemahkan kapasitas militer untuk memenangkan perang. Analisa keempat tentang penggunaan kekuatan militer dalam pertempuran menunjukkan adanya dua faktor determinan utama yang mempengaruhi variasi strategi militer yaitu aplikasi gelar penindakan dan rasio kekuatan. Interaksi dua faktor ini mengharuskan komandan unit militer untuk terus menerus melakukan modifikasi strategi tempur untuk mengantisipasi taktik manuver lawan.
Central Asia as a Regional Security Complex from the Perspectives of Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism
Authors: Pratama Caroline Putri
Published: September 2017

Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis kawasan Asia Tengah, dilihat dari perspektif Realisme, Liberalisme dan Konstruktivisme, melalui teori Regional Security Complex oleh Barry Buzan dan Ole Waever. Teori ini hendak menunjukkan keamanan regional berdasarkan interdependensi antar unit dalam kawasan dilihat dari struktur power dan proses sekuritisasi di dalamnya, demikian pola hubungan keamanan dalam kawasan Asia Tengah berusaha dijelaskan dengan elemen-elemen dari ketiga paradigma yang terdapat dalam teori tersebut. Hasil analisis tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa Asia Tengah dipandang sebagai bentuk insecurity interdependence by external forces dari perspektif Realis, security interdependence by interest dari perspektif Liberalis dan securitization interdependence by understanding of threat/security dari perspektif Konstruktivis. Kompleks keamanan Asia Tengah termasuk dalam tipe kompleks keamanan Great Power, terlihat dari peran besar kekuatan-kekuatan eksternal terutama Rusia dan Cina dalam kawasan tersebut; baik dalam pembentukan pola pertemanan dengan kerjasama, pola permusuhan dengan persaingan dan ketakutan, juga proses sekuritisasi isu separatisme, ekstremisme dan terorisme sebagai ancaman terhadap keamanan regional.Tulisan ini diambil dari tugas karya akhir penulis yang diajukan untuk medapatkan gelar Sarjana Sosial dari Departemen Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Universitas Indonesia.
Korean Wave sebagai Instrumen Soft Power untuk Memperoleh Keuntungan Ekonomi Korea Selatan
Authors: Suryani Ni Putu Elvina
Published: September 2017

Korean wave is a term used to illustrate the product of South Korean pop culture that has been successfully exported to foreign countries in Asia, Europe, and America. By using the concept of 'soft power', this article argues that, while this phenomenon merely seems like an entertainment phenomenon, Korean wave has actually become a vital instrument that brings positive impacts towards the economic development of South Korea. The strategy to develop the Korean wave as a soft power instrument is actually something that Indonesia must be able follow. This might be useful as an alternative strategy to optimize the role of Indonesian local culture as an effort to drive the national economy in order to face the current global challenges.
Rivalitas Cina dan Jepang dalam Institusi Regional Asia Timur
Authors: Veronica Nuri Widiastuti
Published: September 2017

East Asia has been widely known as the arena for geopolitical contestation between the great players and has been called as 'the grand chessboard' for geopolitical struggles, especially for the two regional powers, Japan and China. These two powers possess huge potentials to become the driving actors for the formation of regional mechanisms in East Asia, such as East Asian Community (EAC) dan China-ASEAN Free Trade Area. Economic cooperation between China and Japan in some regional forums brings hopes to end the long-term tensions and prospects for reconciliation among them. However, the interdependence between them does not simultaneously change the influence contestation and competition, especially for these past decades. This paper will try to answer a question about the form of competition between Japan and China in the context of regional institution in East Asia. By using theoretical approach of rivalry on interdependency, this paper try to analyze the roles of the two great powers in multilateral forums in East Asia, how those roles reflect their competition and what obstacles are heading their ways to be the "leader" in East Asia regional forums.
Demokrasi tanpa Demos: Problem Gerakan Occupy dalam Era Informasi
Authors: Falahi Ziyad
Published: September 2017

This article examines the future of Occupy, which has become a leaderless resistance movement with people of many colors, genders, and political beliefs that say together that the neoliberal system isn't working for us. Moreover, now the Zuccotti model is morphing, and Occupy is undergoing a period of sustained global innovation. However, several large demonstrations have taken place all over the world in recent years after global crisis in 2008. But, The ancient discussion about the purposes of wealth and the conflict between oligarchy - rule of the rich - and democracy - the rule of the demos/the people comes to the fore once again within the current systemic crisis, The problems appear when Occupy use the development of information and social media to call for social, economic justice because the advance of Informations era led dramatical reduction of reality, which often called by "hiperreality". This condition causes occupy participant increases rapidly, but without strategic, plan and ideology.
Hybrid Simulations of Positively and Negatively Charged Pickup Ions and Cyclotron Wave Generation at Europa
Authors: Desai R. T. , Cowee M. M. , Wei H. , Fu X. , Gary S. P. , Volwerk M. , Coates A. J.
Published: September 2017

In the vicinity of Europa, Galileo observed bursty Alfvén‐cyclotron wave power at the gyrofrequencies of a number of species including K+, O
, Na+, and Cl+, indicating the localized pickup of these species. Additional evidence for the presence of chlorine was the occurrence of both left‐hand (LH) and right‐hand (RH) polarized transverse wave power near the Cl+ gyrofrequency, thought to be due to the pickup of both Cl+ and the easily formed chlorine anion, Cl−. To test this hypothesis, we use one‐dimensional hybrid (kinetic ion, massless fluid electron) simulations for both positive and negative pickup ions and self‐consistently reproduce the growth of both LH and RH Alfvén‐cyclotron waves in agreement with linear theory. We show how the simultaneous generation of LH and RH waves can result in nongyrotropic ion distributions and increased wave amplitudes, and how even trace quantities of negative pickup ions are able to generate an observable RH signal. Through comparing simulated and observed wave amplitudes, we are able to place the first constraints on the densities of Chlorine pickup ions in localized regions at Europa.
PIAAC: Focusing Adult Learning on Building Adult Competence
Authors: Stein Sondra Gayle
Published: September 2017

This chapter describes how PIAAC's concept of competency‐in‐use can support literacy policy and practice focused on adult learners’ real needs.
An Unexpected Domino Reaction of β‐Keto Sulfones with Acetylene Ketones Promoted by Base: Facile Synthesis of 3(2H)‐Furanones and Sulfonylbenzenes
Authors: Tong Wei , Li Qian‐Yu , Xu Yan‐Li , Wang Heng‐Shan , Chen Yan‐Yan , Pan Ying‐Ming
Published: September 2017

An unexpected domino reaction of β‐keto sulfones with acetylene ketones has been developed. The domino reaction of β‐keto sulfones with diynones proceeded smoothly in the presence of 30 mol% K2CO3 without other additives, and afforded the novel 3(2H)‐furanone derivatives. On replacing the diynones with terminal alkyne ketones, the reaction regioselectivity was changed and sulfonylbenzenes were obtained via benzannulation in good yields.

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Chemistry of Peptidoglycan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Life Cycle: An off‐the‐wall Balance of Synthesis and Degradation
Authors: Squeglia Flavia , Ruggiero Alessia , Berisio Rita
Published: September 2017

The cell wall envelope of mycobacteria is structurally distinct from that of both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this cell wall has unique structural features and plays a crucial role in drug resistance and macrophage survival under stress conditions. Peptidoglycan is the major constituent of this cell wall, with an important structural role, giving structural strength, and counteracting the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm. Synthesis of this complex polymer takes place in three stages that occur at three different locations in the cell, from the cytoplasm to the external side of the cell membrane, where polymerization occurs. A fine balance of peptidoglycan synthesis and degradation is responsible for a plethora of molecular mechanisms which are key to the pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis. Enlargement of mycobacterial cells can occur through the synthesis of new peptidoglycan, autolysis of old peptidoglycan, or a combination of both processes. Here, we discuss the chemical aspects of peptidoglycan synthesis and degradation, in relation to metabolic stages of M. tuberculosis. Going from inside the mycobacterial cytoplasm to outside its membrane, we describe the assembly line of peptidoglycan synthesis and polymerization, and continue with its depolymerization events and their consequences on mycobacterial life and resuscitation from dormancy.
Amine‐Catalyzed Tandem Reactions of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Acetates with Isatins: Facile Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxyoxindoles
Authors: Chen Rongshun , Fan Xia , Xu Zhaozhong , He Zhengjie
Published: September 2017

An amine‐catalyzed reaction between Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) acetates and isatins to provide facile access to structurally interesting 3‐hydroxyoxindoles in moderate to good yields with diastereomeric ratios of 1:1 has been developed. A wide variety of isatin derivatives were tolerated under the conditions of this tandem reaction. Notably, the inert homoallylic methyl group of MBH acetate 1 was directly involved in the bond formation step, which was followed by a [4+2] annulation under mild conditions to lead to the desired products.
Are We Getting a Step Closer to Becoming Cyborgs?
Authors: Knibbe Jan Willem , Ruwen‐Stuursma Joke
Published: September 2017

If you were to ask Elon Musk, we should certainly try. A few months ago Elon Musk (well known as founder and CEO of Tesla and SpaceX) announced in Dubai that he is working on a new project that should result in “a closer merger of biological intelligence and digital intelligence”
Changing sources of growth in ESOMAR anniversary year
Authors: Bowman Jo
Published: September 2017

As ESOMAR marks its 70th anniversary, we are using our annual appraisal of the industry’s performance to look behind the headline growth figures at the forces that have shaped – and are shaping – both the work we do and the reasons we do it.
So What’s the Future?
Authors: Puleston Jon
Published: September 2017

Will a combination of AI, automation and robotics take over all our market research jobs in the future?
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties of a Series of Coordination Compounds bearing Quinoline‐2‐tetrazolato Ligands
Authors: Jin Xin‐Xin , Ye Bin , Hu Lin‐Li , Wu Ai‐Bing , Xiang Jing
Published: September 2017

Four new coordination compounds, [Cd(L1)2]n (1), [Mn(L1)2]n (2), [Zn(L1)(NA)] (3), and [Pb(L1)2(H2O)] (4) were obtained on the basis of the in‐situ ligand reactions of quinoline‐2‐carbonitrile (QCN) and NaN3 under solvothermal conditions. 1 and 2 are 1D isostructural chains, where the central metal atoms are six‐coordinate by six nitrogen atoms in a distorted octahedron. The cycloaddition reaction of QCN and NaN3 in the presence of hydrated ZnCl2 occur with the aid of the ancillary ligand nicotinic acid (NA), where NA not only provides an acidic environment but also serves as an ancillary ligand. The extended structure of 3 is a 1D ladder‐like polymer. Compound 4 is a mononuclear Pb2+ compound. All the compounds were structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography and their luminescent properties were investigated in detail.
Fish communities in small subtropical reservoirs subject to extensive drawdowns, with focus on the biology of Enteromius paludinosus (Peters, 1852) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Nhiwatiwa Tamuka , Maseko Zolile , Dalu Tatenda
Published: September 2017

Small reservoirs are characterised by extreme fluctuations in water levels, but how this affects fish communities is not well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate fish communities in two small reservoirs which experience large water level fluctuations over two study years, wet and dry. Six fish species were caught in both reservoirs during the sampling period. The numerically dominant fish species was Enteromius paludinosus in both reservoirs, with Clarias gariepinus contributing the high overall fish biomass. The cyprinids Enteromius lineomaculatus and Enteromius trimaculatus occurred in small numbers, as well as the cichlids Oreochromis mossambicus and Tilapia sparrmanii. Using GLMM, the abundance of both C. gariepinus and E. paludinosus across the two reservoirs was found to be significantly associated with total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen. C. gariepinus abundances were also associated with water transparency and reactive phosphorus whilst E. paludinosus abundances were associated with ammonia, alkalinity, total dissolved solutes and water depth. E. paludinosus bred mostly during the rainy year. Fish migrations and spawning events were largely triggered by rainfall. Differences between the fish populations in the two reservoirs were small based on fisheries metrics due to the biological attributes of the dominant species, E. paludinosus and C. gariepinus. The shallowness and frequent water level fluctuations in small reservoirs possibly do not allow for specialised habitats to develop, which could lead to high fish species diversity. Their suitability for small‐scale fisheries has to be reconsidered as the demand for water for irrigation far outweighs that of the fishery.
Comparative Evaluation of Iodine-125 Radioactive Seed Localization and Wire Localization for Resection of Breast Lesions
Authors: Tran Vi Thuy , David Julie , Patocskai Erica , Zummo-Soucy Mathieu , Younan Rami , Lalonde Lucie , Labelle Maude , El Khoury Mona , Robidoux André , Trop Isabelle
Published: September 2017

Purpose

Radioactive seed localization (RSL) uses a titanium seed labeled with iodine-125 energy for surgery of nonpalpable breast lesions. RSL facilitates radiology–surgery scheduling and allows for improved oncoplasty compared with wire localization (WL). The purpose of this work was to compare the 2 techniques.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of all breast lesions operated with RSL between February 2013 and March 2015 at our university institution, and compared with an equivalent number of surgeries performed with a single WL. Imaging and pathology reports were reviewed for information on guidance mode, accuracy of targeting, nature of excised lesion, size and volume of surgical specimen, status of margins, and reinterventions.

Results

A total of 254 lesions (247 women) were excised with RSL and compared with 257 lesions (244 women) whose surgery was guided by WL. Both groups were comparable in lesion pathology, guidance mode for RSL or WL positioning, and accuracy of targeting (98% correct). Mean delay between biopsy and surgery was 84 days for RSL versus 103 after WL ( P = .04). No differences were noted after RSL or WL for surgical specimen mean weight, largest diameter, and volume excised. For malignancies, the rate of positive margins was comparable (2.8%-3%), with 5 of 10 women in the RSL group who underwent a second surgery displaying residual malignancy compared with 3 of 9 women in the WL group.

Conclusions

RSL is safe and accurate, and has comparable surgical endpoints to WL. Because RSL offers flexible scheduling and facilitated oncoplasty, RSL may replace WL for resection of nonpalpable single breast lesions.
Hyperbaric oxygenation alleviates chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain and inhibits GABAergic neuron apoptosis in the spinal cord
Authors: Fu Huiqun , Li Fenghua , Thomas Sebastian , Yang Zhongjin
Published: September 2017

Background and aims

Dysfunction of GABAergic inhibitory controls contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. We examined our hypotheses that (1) chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain is associated with increased spinal GABAergic neuron apoptosis, and (2) hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) alleviates CCI-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting GABAergic neuron apoptosis.

Methods

Male rats were randomized into 3 groups: CCI, CCI+HBO and the control group (SHAM). Mechanical allodynia was tested daily following CCI procedure. HBO rats were treated at 2.4 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 60 min once per day. The rats were euthanized and the spinal cord harvested on day 8 and 14 post-CCI. Detection of GABAergic cells and apoptosis was performed. The percentages of double positive stained cells (NeuN/GABA), cleaved caspase-3 or Cytochrome C in total GABAergic cells or in total NeuN positive cells were calculated.

Results

HBO significantly alleviated mechanical allodynia. CCI-induced neuropathic pain was associated with significantly increased spinal apoptotic GABA-positive neurons. HBO considerably decreased these spinal apoptotic cells. Cytochrome-C-positive neurons and cleaved caspase-3-positive neurons were also significantly higher in CCI rats. HBO significantly decreased these positive cells. Caspase-3 mRNA was also significantly higher in CCI rats. HBO reduced mRNA expression of caspase-3.

Conclusions

CCI-induced neuropathic pain was associated with increased apoptotic GABAergic neurons induced by activation of key proteins of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. HBO alleviated CCI-induced neuropathic pain and reduced GABAergic neuron apoptosis. The beneficial effect of HBO may be via its inhibitory role in CCI-induced GABAergic neuron apoptosis by suppressing mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the spinal cord.

Implications

Increased apoptotic GABAergic neurons induced by activation of key proteins of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is critical in CCI-induced neuropathic pain. The inhibitory role of HBO in GABAergic neuron apoptosis suppresses ongoing neuropathic pain.
Pulmonary Injury from Waterproofing Spray During a Hike
Authors: Harada Tomonori , Hirabayashi Yukio , Takayama-Isagawa Yuriko , Sakamoto Hiroto , Kawaishi Makoto , Hara Hiroyuki , Aizawa Shin
Published: September 2017

A 48-year-old man developed general fatigue, dyspnea, and fever at an altitude of 1562 m from the morning of the first day of a 3-day hike. Despite pharyngeal discomfort and mild general fatigue, he felt that the symptoms were not sufficient to abandon his plan. He usually required 1.5 hours to reach Tokusawa (6.4 km from the starting point at an altitude of 1500 m), but this time he required 2.5 hours and slept briefly upon arrival at Tokusawa due to extreme fatigue and respiratory discomfort. His symptoms became aggravated, so he presented at a mountain clinic with oxygen saturation at 80% and body temperature of 37.6°C. He was diagnosed with hypoxemia due to pneumonia and/or other disease(s) and was evacuated to a hospital where a chest computed tomography scan revealed ground glass opacity and infiltrative shadows. He was treated for pneumonia, but another doctor discovered during follow-up that the patient had sprayed 300 mL of a waterproofing aerosol on mountain equipment in a nonventilated, enclosed area of his home on the night before starting out on the hike. Therefore, waterproofing spray was considered to have caused pulmonary damage. Self-reporting or appropriate questionnaires are the only means of identifying this type of injury. The differential diagnosis of pulmonary problems in an outdoor setting should include toxic aerosol exposure from waterproofing spray.
Calcium intake and the associations with faecal fat and energy excretion, and lipid profile in a free-living population
Authors: Kjølbæk Louise , Lorenzen Janne K. , Larsen Lesli H. , Astrup Arne
Published: September 2017

The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between the habitual Ca intake and faecal fat and energy excretion as well as blood lipid profile in free-living normal-weight and overweight individuals. The participants were enrolled for an 8-d period where data from a 7-d diet registration (days 1–7), a 5-d faeces collection (days 3–7), a 2-d urine collection (days 5–7), and anthropometric measurements and a fasting blood sample (day 8) were collected. Analyses showed that dietary Ca intake (g/10 MJ per d) was positively associated with excretion of faecal fat (P = 0·004) and energy (P = 0·031) when adjusted for BMI, age, sex and intake of Ca-containing supplements. However, after adjustment for intake of fibre, the effect of Ca intake disappeared. Nevertheless, total cholesterol (CHOL) and LDL-CHOL concentrations were associated negatively with Ca intake (β−0·62 (95 % CI −0·96, −0·28) mmol/l,P < 0·001, andβ−0·49 (95 % CI −0·78, −0·20) mmol/l,P = 0·001, respectively, per 1000 mg/10 MJ per d increase in Ca intake). In conclusion, incorporation of Ca-rich food products in a habitual diet was associated with reduced total CHOL and LDL-CHOL concentrations, which may lower the risk of CVD in the long term.
Cassini Plunges into Saturn, Ends a 20-Year Mission
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: September 2017

NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory streamed the spacecraft’s final moments live, allowing the public to listen to the mission's end.
Environment and Labor Groups Push to Protect EPA Budget
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: September 2017

The groups protested funding cuts, reductions in staff, and demoralizing working conditions.
Adjunctive antimicrobial chemotherapy based on hydrogen peroxide photolysis for non-surgical treatment of moderate to severe periodontitis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kanno Taro , Nakamura Keisuke , Ishiyama Kirika , Yamada Yasutomo , Shirato Midori , Niwano Yoshimi , Kayaba Chie , Ikeda Koji , Takagi Airi , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Sasaki Keiichi
Published: September 2017

Treatment of severe periodontitis with non-surgical therapy remains challenging in dentistry. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photolysis-based antimicrobial chemotherapy adjunctively performed with root debridement (RD) for moderate to severe periodontitis. A randomized controlled trial was conducted that included 53 patients with 142 test teeth. The test teeth were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Group 1, RD + H2O2 photolysis; Group 2, RD followed by administration of a local drug delivery system (minocycline chloride gel); or Group 3, RD alone. Clinical and microbiological examination were performed for up to 12 weeks following treatment. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BoP) were improved after each treatment session. At 12 weeks, Group 1 had achieved significantly lower PPDs than the other groups, though there were no significant differences in BoP between Group 1 and the other groups. Counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a known periodontal pathogen, in Group 1 were significantly lower than those in Group 3, and were comparable to those in Group 2. Therefore, it is suggested that H2O2 photolysis treatment can be used as a novel adjunctive antimicrobial chemotherapy for non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Hierarchical CoO microflower film with excellent electrochemical lithium/sodium storage performance
Authors: Chang Ling , Wang Kai , Huang Liang-ai , He Zhishun , Zhu Shasha , Chen Miaomiao , Shao Haibo , Wang Jianming
Published: September 2017

The hierarchical CoO microflower film prepared by a low-temperature solvothermal method shows excellent electrochemical lithium/sodium storage performances.
Facile fabrication of CuO microcube@Fe–Co3O4 nanosheet array as a high-performance electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Xiumin , Li Chuncheng , Yoshida Akihiro , Hao Xiaogang , Zuo Zhijun , Wang Zhongde , Abudula Abuliti , Guan Guoqing
Published: September 2017

A “top-down” tactic was offered to synthesize highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), in which a CuO microcube supported Fe doped Co3O4 nanosheet composite was obtained using a UPED method combined with a thermal treatment.
Lewis basic site (LBS)-functionalized zeolite-like supramolecular assemblies (ZSAs) with high CO2 uptake performance and highly selective CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Li Jiantang , Dai Cong , Cao Yu , Sun Xiaodong , Li Guanghua , Huo Qisheng , Liu Yunling
Published: September 2017

ZSA-7, ZSA-8, and ZSA-9 have been hydrothermally synthesized by utilizing the functional modification strategy. ZSA-7 and ZSA-8 possess high CO2 adsorption abilities and outstanding selectivity separation for CO2 over CH4.
Strong and efficient self-healing adhesives based on dynamic quaternization cross-links
Authors: Tang J. , Wan L. , Zhou Y. , Pan H. , Huang F.
Published: September 2017

The poly(1,2,3-triazolium) vitrimer adhesive has particularly high lap-shear strength (23.7 MPa) and can self-heal 20 times after being damaged.
Chelating functional group attached to carbon nanotubes prepared for performance enhancement of vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Noh Chanho , Moon Seongeun , Chung Yongjin , Kwon Yongchai
Published: September 2017

When hydroxamic acid functionalized carbon nanotube (CNT) catalyst is adopted for VO2+/VO2+ reaction, VRFB performance is best. It is due to the chelation ability of hydroxamic acid. With the role as chelating agent, hydroxamic acid properly interacts with VO2+ and VO2+, promoting their redox reactions.
Fluorinated fused nonacyclic interfacial materials for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Kuan , Dai Shuixing , Meng Fanqi , Shi Jiangjian , Li Yusheng , Wu Jionghua , Meng Qingbo , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: September 2017

Inverted planar perovskite solar cells with fluorinated fused nonacyclic interfacial materials exhibit much higher efficiency without any hysteresis and much better ambient stability than control devices.
Two-dimensional VS2 monolayers as potential anode materials for lithium-ion batteries and beyond: first-principles calculations
Authors: Wang Dashuai , Liu Yanhui , Meng Xing , Wei Yingjin , Zhao Yingying , Pang Qiang , Chen Gang
Published: September 2017

VS2 monolayers exhibit promising electrochemical properties for Li-, K-, and Mg-ion batteries.
Cobalt boride modified with N-doped carbon nanotubes as a high-performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst
Authors: Elumeeva Karina , Masa Justus , Medina Danea , Ventosa Edgar , Seisel Sabine , Kayran Yasin Ugur , Genç Aziz , Bobrowski Tim , Weide Philipp , Arbiol Jordi , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: September 2017

An excellent electrocatalyst for reversible oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution synthesized by direct growth of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes on cobalt boride nanoparticles.
Binder-free WS2 nanosheets with enhanced crystallinity as a stable negative electrode for flexible asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Si , Zeng Yinxiang , Zhang Min , Xie Shilei , Tong Yexiang , Cheng Faliang , Lu Xihong
Published: September 2017

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) has been emerging as an attractive electrode material for supercapacitors because of its intrinsically layered structure and high capacitance.
The development of cell-initiated degradable hydrogel based on methacrylated alginate applicable to multiple microfabrication technologies
Authors: Sun Jing , Wei Dan , Yang Ke , Yang You , Liu Xiaolu , Fan Hongsong , Zhang Xingdong
Published: September 2017

A cell-initiated degradable hydrogel based on methacrylated alginate was developed for 3D microfeatures construction to meet the demand of molding and biomimetic function requirement.
Complex shape deformations of homogeneous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide hydrogels programmed by local NIR irradiation
Authors: Peng Xin , Liu Tianqi , Jiao Chen , Wu Yuqing , Chen Nan , Wang Huiliang
Published: September 2017

The homogeneous PNIPAM/GO hydrogels could undergo complex shape deformations (e.g., imitating the postures of human) under local NIR irradiation.
Association between TLR-9 gene rs187084 polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese population
Authors: Zheng Mingfeng , Shi Shiyuan , Zheng Qi , Wang Yifan , Ying Xiaozhang , Jin Yanghui
Published: September 2017

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease that is induced by many genetic risk variants and other factors. To examine the role of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) in OA patients, we conducted a case–control study involving 215 knee OA (KOA) patients and 215 controls in a Chinese population. Genotyping with a custom-by-design 48-Plex single nucleotide polymorphism Scan™ Kit showed the TLR-9 gene rs187084 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of KOA. Stratification analyses further validated this finding among old people (age ≥ 55 years). In conclusion, TLR-9 gene rs187084 polymorphism is positively correlated with susceptibility to KOA, especially among old people. Nevertheless, this finding should be confirmed by larger size studies with more ethnic populations.