bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review of Intra-Articular Use of Antibiotics and Antiseptic Irrigation and their Association with Chondrolysis
Authors: Post Hunter K. , Blankespoor Michael , Ierulli Victoria K. , Morey Tucker , Schroeppel J. Paul , Mulcahey Mary K. , Vopat Bryan , Vopat Matthew L.
Published: December 2023

Category:

Arthroscopy; Other

Introduction/Purpose:

Intra-articular antibiotics have been proposed as a treatment for septic arthritis to allow for high local concentrations without subjecting a patient to systemic therapy and its associated toxicity/side effects. However, there is concern for chondrotoxicity with intra-articular use of antimicrobials and antiseptic solutions in high concentrations. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the intra-articular use of antibiotics and antiseptic solutions, determine their association with chondrolysis following in vitro or in vivo administration, and identify the dosages at which they become chondrotoxic.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines through PubMed, Clinical Key, OVID, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they were written in the English language and evaluated for chondrotoxicity following in vitro or in vivo intra-articular exposure to an antibiotic and antiseptic solutions. All agents, study characteristics, and conclusions were extracted and summarized.

Results:

The initial search resulted in 228 studies, with 36 meeting full inclusion criteria. Overall, chondrotoxicity was not associated with 7 out of 24 (29%) included agents: minocycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, teicoplanin, pefloxacin, linezolid, polymyxin-bacitracin. Inconsistent results were noted with 8 (33%) agents: doxycycline, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, chlorhexidine, and povidone iodine. Chondrotoxicity was evident with 9 (38%) agents, all of which were also dose-dependently chondrotoxic based on reported estimated half maximal inhibitory concentrations (est.IC50): amikacin (est. IC50 = 0.31-2.74 mg/mL), neomycin (0.82 mg/mL), cefazolin (1.67-3.95 mg/mL), ceftazidime (3.16-3.59 mg/mL), ampicillin- sulbactam (8.64 - >25 mg/mL), penicillin (11.61 mg/mL), amoxicillin (14.01 mg/mL), imipenem (>25 mg/mL), and tobramycin (>25 mg/mL). Additionally, certain studies reported chondroprotective effects of doxycycline and minocycline.

Conclusion:

This systematic review identified antimicrobial and antiseptic agents that may be used in the treatment of septic arthritis. The following agents should be avoided due to their dose-dependent chondrotoxic effects: amikacin, neomycin, cefazolin, ceftazidime, ampicillin-sulbactam, penicillin, amoxicillin, imipenem, and tobramycin. Further studies, especially in human models, are needed to clarify the safety of these medications for human intra-articular use.
The Invision Talar Component as a Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty Option: Analysis of Early Outcomes
Authors: Krez Alexandra , Anastasio Albert T. , Valan Bruno N. , Kim Billy I. , DeOrio James K. , Nunley James A. , Easley Mark , Adams Samuel
Published: December 2023

Category:

Ankle; Other

Introduction/Purpose:

The Invision talar component was launched in 2018 as a revision total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) specific option geared towards avoiding further subsidence when poor talar bone stock is present. Due to the recency of the market- availability of the Invision, studies evaluating the efficacy of the implant, even in the short-term, are lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to present the early-term outcomes of a series of patients undergoing revision TAA with the use of the Invision talar component.

Methods:

This was a single-center, retrospective review of 28 patients undergoing revision TAA with the Invision talar component and Inbone II tibial component (Wright Medical; Memphis, Tennessee) performed between 2007 and 2022. Mean follow-up was 1.3 ± 0.93 years. Data on patient preoperative characteristics, postoperative complications, and survivorship were collected. The primary outcome measures were time to major complication, reoperation, and infection.

Results:

The most common concurrent procedures performed with revision TAA with the Invision talar component were gastrocnemius recession (n=14, 50%), subtalar arthrodesis (n=3, 10.7%) and cotton osteotomy (n = 1, 3.6%). The mean preoperative coronal deformity off the tibia was 4.07 ± 3.06 degrees for varus and 3.67 ± 4.36 degrees for valgus deformities, respectively, and postoperatively, was 1.67 ± 2.16 degrees for varus and 2.00 ± 3.48 degrees for valgus. The mean preoperative coronal plane deformity off the talus was 4.83 ± 6.68 degrees for varus and 4.22 ± 4.21 degrees for valgus, respectively, and postoperatively, was 1.23 ± 2.45 degrees for varus and 2.32 ± 3.93 degrees for valgus. The survivorship from any complication, major complication, reoperation, and infection is shown in Table 2.

Conclusion:

In a series of 28 patients undergoing revision TAA with the Invision talar component and Inbone II tibial component, we demonstrate a survivorship of 92.7% at 1-year follow up. The Invision appears to have a reasonable safety profile in this non- designer series. The implant compares favorably with others utilized in the revision TAA setting at the early-term, but further studies evaluating mid-and long-term outcomes are required to fully assess the efficacy of the Invision.
Trends in Geographic Utilization of Total Ankle Arthroplasty and Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Newton William , Penland Brandon , Hoch Caroline , Morningstar Joshua L. , Gross Christopher E. , Scott Daniel
Published: December 2023

Category:

Ankle Arthritis

Introduction/Purpose:

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) and ankle arthrodesis (AA) are common surgical treatment options for end-stage ankle arthritis. Previous studies of trends in TAA utilization have shown a rapid increase in use from 2000-2010, likely due to improvements in implants and surgical techniques. The purpose of this study is to assess relative rates of TAA and AA utilization, investigate these trends in across populations and hospital settings, and project these trends in 2030.

Methods:

The National Inpatient Sample database was queried from 2016-2019 using International Classification of Diseases codes for TAA and AA to identify 8,787 patients (TAA=4,664, AA=4,123). Patient information collected included age, sex, race, primary payer status, year of surgery, length of hospital stay, and median household income quartile. The latter was determined by the NIS database using patient zip code, with the first quartile being the poorest and fourth quartile the richest. Hospital information included bed size, census region, teaching status, and ownership.

Results:

The ratio of TAA to AA increased from 0.90 in 2016 to 1.33 in 2019. Compared to AA patients, TAA patients were more significantly likely to be male (p=.004), white (p <.001), older (p <.001), and have higher income (p <.001). TAA was more likely to be performed over AA at hospitals which were either smaller (p <.001), urban non-teaching (p <.001), in the western U.S. (p <.001) or with a private, for-profit ownership structure (p=.002). The overall highest volume of both TAAs and AAs were performed in large (TAA=45.6%, AA=55.6%), southern (TAA=31.5%, AA=34.9%), urban-teaching (TAA=75.9%, AA=78.9%) hospitals with private, non-profit ownership (TAA=75.8%, AA=75.0%). TAA utilization is estimated to increase by 79.5% and AA to decline by 63.8%. (Table 1)

Conclusion:

TAA has continued to grow in utilization from 2016-2019 and is projected to continue this growth to 2030, while AA is expected to decrease in use. Furthermore, patients more likely to receive a TAA than AA are disproportionally white, male, and have a higher income and hospitals more likely to preform TAA are small, urban, for-profit hospitals in the western United States.
Variations in the Management of Zone 2 5th Metatarsal Fractures Based on Physician Specialty
Authors: Kingery Matthew T. , Kadiyala Manasa , Walls Raymond J. , Ganta Abhishek , Konda Sanjit , Stevens Nicole , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: December 2023

Category:

Midfoot/Forefoot; Trauma

Introduction/Purpose:

There is a wide variation in the management of acute “Zone 2” 5th metatarsal (MT) base fractures. The purpose of this study was to quantify these differences and evaluate the effect of treating physician specialty.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with acute Zone 2 5th MT fractures who presented to a single large, urban, academic medical center between December 2012 and April 2022. Zone 2 was defined as the region of the 5th MT base bordered by the 4th and 5th MT articulation on the oblique radiographic view. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds of undergoing operative treatment based on provider specialty.

Results:

A total of 633 patients presented with Zone 2 fractures during the study period. 40.6% of patients initially presented to the ED, 36.3% to an urgent care (UC) center, and 23.1% directly to the office. Ultimately, 57.2% of patients were treated by orthopedic surgeons, 39.6% by podiatrists, and 3.2% by primary care physicians. For patients treated nonoperatively, the management plan significantly differed by treating specialty. Compared to podiatrists, patients treated by orthopedic surgeons were more likely to be treated in a hard sole shoe (30.8% versus 7.6%, p< 0.001) and less likely to be treated using a CAM boot (57.3% versus 76.3%, p< 0.001). Similarly, patients treated by orthopedic surgeons were more likely to be made WBAT compared to patients treated by podiatrists (71.8% versus 42.0%, p< 0.001).

Conclusion:

Overall, 2.5% of patients with Zone 2 metatarsal fractures were treated operatively. 0.5% of patients treated by orthopedic surgeons underwent surgery compared to 6.1% of patients treated by podiatrists (p=0.001). Furthermore, when controlling for age, sex, and time between injury and initial presentation to the office, the likelihood of undergoing operative treatment was still significantly greater when being treated by a podiatrist (OR=16.5, p=0.009). There is considerable heterogeneity among the treatment strategies for Zone 2 proximal 5th MT fractures. Compared to podiatrists, orthopedic surgeons are less likely to treat patients operatively and more likely to allow early weight bearing.
What is the Learning Curve for Total Ankle Arthroplasty?
Authors: Stavrou Peter , Lorimer Michelle , Corfield Sophie
Published: December 2023

Category:

Ankle Arthritis; Ankle

Introduction/Purpose:

There is limited data concerning the “learning curve” in Total Ankle Replacement (TAR). This study aimed to examine surgeons’ revision rates over time to determine the number of cases after which revision rates plateaued.

Methods:

Primary TAR procedures for any diagnosis performed by surgeons whose first procedure was recorded by the AOANJRR since January 2008 were analysed. The time to first revision for procedures performed by surgeons with < 15, 15-29, 30-49, and ≥50 prior TAR procedures was summarised using Kaplan-Meier estimates of implant survivorship. Hazard ratios (HR) were obtained from Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for age, gender and the operating surgeon’s number of prior TAR cases, with the latter modelled using restricted cubic splines. Further adjustment for insert mobility was also performed.

Results:

There were 2,637 TAR procedures performed by 128 eligible surgeons. Procedures performed by surgeons with < 15 prior cases had a cumulative percent revision (CPR) of 15% at 8 years, compared to 11.8% for procedures where the surgeon had previously performed ≥50 TARs. Procedures where the surgeon had 15 prior cases had approximately 1.5 times the hazard of revision of procedures where the surgeon had ≥50 prior cases (HR = 1.57, p = 0.042). The revision rate of procedures in which the surgeon had performed 25 prior cases did not differ significantly compared to those with ≥50 prior cases (HR = 1.24, p = 0.143). Similar results were obtained when adjusting for insert mobility, although estimated revision rates did not differ significantly with number of procedures.

Conclusion:

The first 15 TAR undertaken by a surgeon have a significantly higher rate of revision compared to those after 50 TAR. This difference reduces after 25 TAR.
The Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network: a model for clinical trial readiness
Authors: Lumsden Joanne M. , Urv Tiina K.
Published: December 2023

Background:

The current road to developing treatments for rare diseases is often slow, expensive, and riddled with risk. Change is needed to improve the process, both in how we think about rare disease treatment development and the infrastructure we build to support ongoing science. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN) was established to advance the diagnosis, management, and treatment of rare diseases and to promote highly collaborative, multi-site, patient-centric, translational, and clinical research. The current iteration of the RDCRN intends to build upon and enhance successful approaches within the network while identifying innovative methods to fill gaps and address needs in the approach to the rare disease treatment development process through innovation, collaboration, and clinical trial readiness.

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the productivity and influence of the RDCRN since it was first established 20 years ago.

Design and methods:

Using a suite of tools available to NIH staff that provides access to a comprehensive, curated, extensively linked data set of global grants, patents, publications, clinical trials, and FDA-approved drugs, a series of queries were executed that conducted bibliometric, co-author, and co-occurrence analysis.

Results:

The results demonstrate that the entire RDCRN consortia and network has been highly productive since its inception. They have produced 2763 high-quality publications that have been cited more than 100,000 times, expanded international networks, and contributed scientifically to ten FDA-approved treatments for rare diseases.

Conclusion:

The RDCRN program has successfully addressed some significant challenges while developing treatments for rare diseases. However, looking to the future and being agile in facing new challenges that arise as science progresses is important.
What's Your Color? Mood Conditioning the Postwar Domestic Interior
Authors: Zeitlin-Wu Lida
Published: December 2023

The postwar era in the United States saw an explosion of mass-produced colors across a range of materials and technologies, as well as increased demand for professional color consultants both within and outside the home. While this period (sometimes called the color revolution) is typically viewed as catalyzing new possibilities for self-expression, this rhetoric of consumer choice in fact served to naturalize existing social hierarchies and normative modes of vision through standardized color. This article looks to the postwar American domestic interior to dissect a historical moment when color, divided into serialized paint swatches, became grid-like, quantitative, and severed from form. It examines several key shifts in the conceptualization of standardized color in the postwar period, particularly as they played into identity formation along racial, class-based, and gendered lines. Analyzing popular archival materials such as paint catalogues and women's magazines alongside the writings of the prominent color consultant Faber Birren (1900 – 1988), the article contends that it was in the midcentury domestic interior that the cultivation and commodification of personality became synonymous with technological and social advancement. Though color consultants emphasized that the home was a space for individual consumers to assert their uniqueness through color customization, this so-called freedom of choice in fact rendered gender, race, and class subject to further standardization and classification in the name of social and technological “progress.”
Self-Suspension in Frames: Hito Steyerl's Lovely Andrea
Authors: Silhol-Macher Lou
Published: December 2023

This article traces the role of frames in suspending the self in Lovely Andrea (Japan/Austria/Germany), a video essay by Hito Steyerl presented at Documenta 12 in 2007. A seldom-analyzed artwork within Steyerl's otherwise widely circulating and discussed oeuvre, Lovely Andrea has itself been framed as belonging to the genre of the self-portrait, although it certainly isn't straightforwardly autobiographical. In fact, Lovely Andrea calls into question the very notions of “self” and “portrait” by interrogating the conditions of possibility for each, as well as for the combination of the two — the “self-portrait.” This article examines how this tension specifically takes shape in this video essay and argues that Lovely Andrea redefines the filmic genre of the self-portrait by way of detours, undoing frames of identification via a medium that so fundamentally relies on them, and, beyond, undoing a certain idea of self — as a notion and as a practice. Indeed, Lovely Andrea proposes a Hegelian-inspired dialectics of selfhood and medium: suspending, undoing, dissolving these notions in telescopic scenes of framing. Moving across frames to discuss their specific function at various points in the film, this article pairs close analyses with a discussion of Steyerl's own references to philosophy (Hegel) and film theory (Harun Farocki) within and peripherally to Lovely Andrea, demonstrating how the bondage practice of self-suspension so central to this film performs a dialectical coming undone in frames.
Cinema, Taliban, and Being a Woman in Today's Afghanistan: An Interview with Sahraa Karimi
Authors: Fontini Pınar
Published: December 2023

On 13 August 2021, Sahraa Karimi posted a letter from her Twitter account. I write you with a broken heart and a deep hope that you can join me in protecting my beautiful people, especially filmmakers, from the Taliban. In the last few weeks, the Taliban have gained control of so many provinces. They have massacred our people, they kidnapped many children, they sold girls as child brides to their men, they murdered a woman for her attire. . . . It is a humanitarian crisis, and yet the world is silent. . . . We need your voice. The media, governments, and the world humanitarian organizations are conveniently silent as if this “Peace deal” with the Taliban was ever legitimate. It was never legitimate. Recognizing them gave them the confidence to come back to power. The Taliban have been brutalizing our people throughout the entire process of the talks. Everything that I have worked so hard to build as a filmmaker in my country is at risk of falling. . . . I do not understand this world. I do not understand this silence. I will stay and fight for my country, but I cannot do it alone. I need allies like you. Please help us get this world to care about what is happening to us. Please help us by informing your countries’ most important media what is going on here in Afghanistan. Be our voices outside of Afghanistan . . . 

Days after publishing this letter, Sahraa had to flee from Afghanistan as the Taliban took control of Kabul. Within several weeks, I made this interview with her.
THE ORIGINS OF FORMATION OF DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY
Authors: Sal'kov N.
Published: December 2023

The article is of an overview nature: more than a hundred sources are considered, each of which proves that descriptive geometry is present in all aspects of human life. The role of descriptive geometry is much broader than it can be imagined after reading textbooks. There is an opinion that descriptive geometry is a science, but few people know where it can be applied, and whether it is applied at all – after all, most university graduates can state with aplomb that they do not use descriptive geometry anywhere in their work. The conclusion is simple: they were taught very poorly. In this paper, it is proved that descriptive geometry is the basis for technical education and technical progress, it is proved by analyzing articles published in the journal "Geometry and Graphics" and other sources. And that it is simply vital to study descriptive geometry so that in the future our country will have the opportunity not only to create the latest technical equipment, but also simply have a technical future. The article consists of six sections, and in each section the fact of the presence of descriptive geometry in one or another direction of science and technology is revealed. The section on education proves that descriptive geometry is present in literally every textbook, and not only of a technical orientation: it is studied in art institutes. The last section shows the presence of descriptive geometry in the institutes of creative professions. The main conclusion is the following: "If someone picks up a pencil, a pen, a brush, a burning device, a cutter, a computer, a smartphone - this someone will undoubtedly be engaged in descriptive geometry, whether he is aware of it or not." Consequently, the study of descriptive geometry in universities is a necessary basis for higher education.
HUMAN WASTE DOWN THE SEWER: THE RACIST ABNORMALITIES OF US LIFE IN RICHARD WRIGHT'S THE MAN WHO LIVED UNDERGROUND.
Authors: Fernández Fernández Martín
Published: December 2023

This article examines the mechanisms that white supremacists apply to conceive of Black people as human waste, and the strategies to counteract them, in Richard Wright’s 2021 posthumous work The Man Who Lived Underground. The novel narrates the story of Fred Daniels, a young African American man who suffers the harshest aspects of Black life in mid-twentieth century New York City. Leaving work on a Saturday evening, Daniels is arrested on the street by three white police officers, and severely brutalized at the police station. Falsely accused of murder, and forcefully transformed into human waste, the protagonist manages to escape to the sewer system of the Big Apple, undergoing a surreal experience amid the filth and darkness of the tunnels that makes him ponder on the abnormalities of aboveground human relations.
La castidad como asunto de estado: a propósito de ‘‘Cuando estuve en la aldea Xia’’.
Authors: Lingo Ding , Tejeda Martín Teresa Inés
Published: December 2023

La castidad femenina se erige en la tradición china como una de las virtudes que más se valoraban en una mujer durante la época imperial. Tan arraigada estaba esta noción en la sociedad que vemos cómo aún pervive en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, a pesar de haberse fundado la República China. En este artículo pretendemos abordar la castidad desde una doble perspectiva: tanto como un aspecto moral relacionado con la sexualidad, como su recurrencia como metáfora de la estabilidad política y nacional. Para ello, haremos una revisión histórica del concepto, para después aterrizar en el relato de la escritora Ding Ling, Cuando estuve en la aldea Xia, que nos permitirá demostrar tanto la supervivencia de las ideas tradicionales, como su dimensión política. También relacionaremos este relato con otras producciones culturales contemporáneas a su publicación que nos devuelven la misma mirada sobre esta realidad.
Sexóloga, socióloga y feminista liberal china, Yinhe Li.
Authors: Yu Fan
Published: December 2023

Yinhe Li es una destacada académica y escritora china especializada en sexología, sociología y feminismo. Sus obras se centran en el análisis de temas relacionados con el sexo, la sexualidad y la familia matrimonial. Mediante la integración de teorías feministas internacionales y la observación directa de la realidad china, ha realizado una extensa investigación de campo para obtener conclusiones fundamentadas. La primera sección del presente artículo se enfoca en brindar una síntesis de la biografía de la autora, destacando las experiencias que posiblemente hayan desempeñado un papel importante en su desarrollo como escritora e investigadora. La segunda sección aborda sus ideas respecto a la igualdad de género en China, analizando el estatus de las mujeres y su participación en el ámbito laboral y político. La tercera sección se enfoca en presentar las opiniones de la escritora sobre la sexualidad, comprendiendo las actitudes sexuales en China y los derechos sexuales de las mujeres en dicho país. La última sección se centra en la exposición de las ideas de Yinhe acerca de la familia matrimonial, incluyendo aspectos como los pagos matrimoniales, la fertilidad dentro del matrimonio y el matrimonio en la antigua y contemporánea China.
Uno Chiyo y la novela del yo: innovación a través del género kikigaki.
Authors: Hornedo-Pérez Aloe Lucía
Published: December 2023

Uno Chiyo (1897-1996) debutó en la década de 1920, momento en que la denominada shishōsetsu o novela del yo se encontraba en pleno auge. Si bien muchas de las obras de Uno Chiyo se enmarcan en este género, entre sus novelas destacan también aquellas en las que dice reproducir lo que el personaje principal le ha contado en primera persona, con las que revivió el llamado género kikigaki y sorprendió a crítica y lectores adoptando las voces narrativas de personajes masculinos, que consiguió retratar psicológicamente en profundidad relatando sus vivencias, reflexiones y sentimientos más íntimos. En este artículo analizamos las obras kikigaki de Uno Chiyo (Confesiones de amor, Ohan, entre otras) desde la perspectiva de la novela del yo para señalar la aportación de esta autora al género y a la literatura escrita por mujeres. Sus obras kikigaki supusieron una innovación en varios sentidos. Por una parte, con el kikigaki desarrolló una técnica narrativa que aportaba verosimilitud al relato, lo que consiguió también a través de las descripciones psicológicas de los personajes. Por otra parte, reproducir las palabras de un hombre era una manera de desafiar el tabú de que las mujeres escritoras debían limitarse a temas propiamente femeninos.
Reflexiones sobre la búsqueda de libertad en el matrimonio de las mujeres en la novela ''Sorgo Rojo'' de Mon Yan
Authors: Luo Wanruo
Published: December 2023

La novela Sorgo rojo de Mo Yan se basa en la guerra antijaponesa y la vida popular del municipio de Gaomi del noreste de la provincia Shandong en las décadas de 1930 y 1940. Es una novela narrada por “yo”, que describe cómo las mujeres abandonaron las ideas tradicionales del matrimonio durante la República de Período de China, encarna el despertar de la independencia de las mujeres y la conciencia de la libertad. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar las razones de estos fenómenos y reflexionar sobre la importancia de la búsqueda de la mujer por la independencia, la democracia y la libertad a través de la comprensión de los personajes femeninos de la novela y su matrimonio.
The fundamental causal factors and persistence of women's marginalization in Nigeria: a challenge to the Nigerian State, 2007-2010.
Authors: Jimoh Dauda
Published: December 2023

The topic of Nigerian women’s marginalization has been thoroughly covered in a lot of current literature, but there is still a gap as seen by the scarcity of academic discourses on the underlying causes of gender power differences and the resulting disadvantages for Nigerian women. In this light, the paper explores the causes and historical evolution of the social, economic, and political factors in Nigeria working against women’s empowerment. This is in the context of the obstacles these forces posed to achieving the goals of President Yar’Adua’s Seven-Point Agenda, as they affected women’s empowerment. This paper explores how sex roles, biological disparities, and some historical events interact to explain why women have been disadvantaged in Nigeria since the pre-colonial era. Given the lackluster antecedents to the needs for gender equity of the Nigerian female gender, the paper asserts that the ramifications of women’s historical marginalization provide a significant challenge to Yar’Adua’s administration, and to date, the plight of Nigerian women has remained the same, more or less.
Persuasión, ambigüedad, belleza e historicidad: el Cristo crucificado de Diego Velázquez.
Authors: Quesada Quesada José Joaquín
Published: December 2023

Obra maestra de extraordinaria popularidad y calidad, profundizamos en cuatro aspectos que caracterizan al Cristo crucificado de Velázquez: sus cualidades como pintura devocional en sintonía con la espiritualidad contrarreformista, la pretendida confusión que plantea con una obra escultórica, su idealización y la búsqueda del rigor histórico con el empleo de los cuatro clavos.
El contexto e influencia socio-musical en la obra de Velázquez.
Authors: Camino Navarro Consolación
Published: December 2023

Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez (1599-1660) fue un pintor barroco español considerado uno de los máximos exponentes de la pintura española y maestro de la pintura universal. Su catálogo consta aproximadamente de 130 obras caracterizadas por su versatilidad, en las que abordó una amplia gama de temas, destacando la capacidad para capturar la esencia de sus personajes y su genialidad para realizar retratos. Habiéndose formado desde una edad muy temprana en al taller de su suegro, Francisco Pacheco (1564-1644), figura muy vinculada a los escenarios eclesiásticos e intelectuales de Sevilla, es probable que Velázquez hubiese contactado desde temprana edad con músicos destacados y ambientes musicales de diversa índole. A pesar de ello, la impronta de temas musicales que Velázquez ha trasladado a sus cuadros destaca por la escasez de obras destinadas a ensalzar la música popular, profana o religiosa. Por ello, a lo largo de este artículo se va a proceder al seguimiento de las distintas etapas y ambientes pictóricos de Velázquez para dilucidar qué música percibió y lo acompañó durante toda su vida.
¿Velázquez y Sevilla? Una compleja relación.
Authors: Baena Gallé Jose Manuel , Moreno García Basilio
Published: December 2023

Se analiza en este artículo la trascendencia que Sevilla tuvo para Diego Velázquez y la importancia que el pintor tiene para Sevilla. Se examina los elementos materiales relacionados con el pintor y su momento histórico, así como una reflexión sobre la necesidad que tiene Sevilla de tomar conciencia de la significación que la ciudad tuvo para el pintor, en especial, durante su primera etapa.
Retratos de la Sevilla velazqueña en la corte.
Authors: García Baeza Antonio
Published: December 2023

La entrada de Velázquez al servicio de Felipe IV fue un reconocimiento a los intelectuales que regentaron la comunidad humanística de Sevilla. Francisco Pacheco tratadista, suegro de Velázquez y maestro; fue consciente de las limitaciones de su arte, de modo que encuentra en su yerno las capacidades técnicas, estéticas e intelectuales para llevar a la prácticas sus pensamientos sobre la pintura. Los grandes conocedores de la pintura de Velázquez son los grandes avalistas para que el pintor llegue a ser pintor del rey.
Effects of a music-based exercise program on the postural balance and emotions of instrumentalists
Authors: Kim Min-Ji , Kim Dae-Young
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to verify the effects of a music-based exercise program on postural balance and emotional factors among instrumentalists. We recruited 11 instrumentalists aged 25–45 years who were asked to perform a music-based exercise program for 60 min per session, three sessions weekly, for 8 weeks. The anterior balance and lateral alignment of the participants were determined using a body posture analyzer. To assess the emotional factors, the World Health Organization Quality of Life, stress response inventory, and Rosenberg self-esteem scale were used. This study did not reveal a statistically significant difference in anterior postural imbalance and lateral misalignment. In contrast, emotional factors, including quality of life, stress response, and the self-esteem subcategories, exhibited significant differences. The music-based exercise program in this study significantly improved the emotional factors. Nevertheless, a more structured and long-term program should be developed to ensure the improvement of postural imbalance among instrumentalists.
Developmentally delayed children with different muscle tone have different muscle activity and acceleration during sit-to-stand
Authors: Ha Sun-Young , Sung Yun-Hee
Published: December 2023

Developmental delays cover a wide range, with different movement characteristics occurring depending on differences in muscle tone. We aimed to investigate muscle activity and acceleration during sit-tostand in developmentally delayed (DD) children with different muscle tones. Forty participants were divided into three groups: typically developing (TD) children (n= 18), DD children with hypertonia (n= 12), and DD children with hypotonia (n= 10). Electromyography was used to measure muscle activity and BTS G-Walk was used to measure acceleration. As a result, the activities of the rectus abdominal muscle and quadriceps muscle were lower in DD children with hypertonia than in TD children (P< 0.05). The activity of the tibialis anterior muscle was higher in DD children with hypotonia than in TD children (P< 0.05). The trunk angle was greater in DD children with hypotonia than in TD children (P< 0.05), and vertical acceleration was lower in DD children with hypertonia than in TD children (P< 0.05). Based on these differences, we will be able to provide intervention programs appropriate for the characteristics of DD children with different muscle tone.
The role of walking exercise on axonal regrowth and neuropathic pain markers in dorsal root ganglion after sciatic nerve injury
Authors: Cho Yeong-Hyun , Seo Tae-Beom
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to determine whether walking exercise can regulate the expression level of neuropathic pain- and inflammatory response markers in the ipsilateral lumbar 4 to 6 dorsal root ganglion neurons after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). The experimental rats were randomly divided into seven groups: the normal control group, sedentary groups for 3, 7, and, 14 days postinjury (dpi), and walking exercise groups for 3, 7, and 14 dpi. Western blot techniques were used to evaluate specific neuropathic pain- and cytokine markers and mechanical allodynia was confirmed by paw withdrawal test. Mechanical allodynia was significantly improved in the walking exercise group compared to the sedentary group at all 7, 10, and 14 dpi. Furthermore, growth associated protein 43 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were significantly increased in the walking exercise groups compared to the sedentary group at all 3, 7, and 14 dpi. Conversely, nuclear factor kappa-lightchain-enhancer of activated B cells, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and c-Fos expression levels were significantly decreased in the walking exercise groups compared to the sedentary group at all 3, 7, and 14 dpi. These findings suggest meaningful information that aggressive rehabilitation walking exercise applied early after SNI might be improve mechanical allodynia, neuropathic pain and inflammatory response markers following SNI.
Effect of bodybuilding athletes’ weight loss method on performance factors and immune function
Authors: Kim Jung-Hwan , Kim Jun-Su
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted on elite bodybuilders for 6 weeks using two weight loss methods (traditional method = high-weight loss vs. new method= low-weight loss). The subjects of this study were 26 male active elite bodybuilders who voluntarily wanted to participate in this experiment, and were divided into experimental group and traditional group. The traditional and experimental groups underwent dietary restrictions and training for 6 weeks. The conclusion obtained from the results of this study is that in the case of anthropometric variables, there is a difference in weight class between the two groups. The experimental group’s upper arm circumference was maintained compared to the pre-measured value after post-measurement, while the traditional group decreased, and a significant interaction effect was observed. In particular, a significant interaction effect was observed. In that the absolute value of maximum oxygen intake was significantly increased only in the post-experimental group compared to the pretest, and an interaction effect was observed, the use of low-weight loss method is more effective than the traditional method of high-weight loss method. An increase in some cytokines was observed despite traditional weight loss, but it did not cause an excessive decrease in immunity or a sharp decrease in performance factors. As a result of this experiment, it is judged that the use of a low-weight loss method is more preferable than the traditional high-weight loss method in relation to performance variables.
Treadmill exercise ameliorates chemotherapy-induced memory impairment through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Park Sang-Seo , Kim Sang-Hoon , Kim Bo-Kyun , Shin Mal-Soon , Jeong Hyun-Tae , Park Jong-Suk , Kim Tae-Woon
Published: December 2023

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapy drug for various cancers and it is known to induce cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise on chemotherapy-induced memory impairment. We assessed whether DOX affects inflammation, mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group, exercise group, DOX-injection group, and DOX-injection and exercise group. To create a DOX-induced memory impairment model, animals were injected intraperitoneally with DOX (2 mg/kg) dissolved in saline solution once a week for 4 weeks. Treadmill exercise was performed once a day, 5 days a week, for 8 consecutive weeks. Short-term memory was determined using the step-down avoidance test. Western blot was performed for the proinflammatory cytokines, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampus. Mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity in the hippocampus was also measured. DOX-injection rats showed deterioration of short-term memory along with decreased expression of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus. Levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, were increased in the DOX-injection rats. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated and mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity was decreased in the DOX-injection rats. However, treadmill exercise alleviated short-term memory impairment, decreased proinflammatory cytokines, increased BDNF and TrkB expression, and enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity. Treadmill exercise restorated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study demonstrated that treadmill exercise can be used for patients undergoing chemotherapy with DOX.
Stoma care: the role of community nurses
Authors: Burch Jennie
Published: December 2023

There are many benefits of standardised care but often this is not possible due to variations in the availability of healthcare resources in the UK. Within stoma care, there is evidence to guide care but with limited standardisation, particularly for community nurses. Stoma care is provided inconsistently, possibly due to variations in training and experience of the nurse. It is known that patients have greater needs in the first few months after stoma formation and this need for support is compounded if there are stoma complications. Community nurses can provide practical support and information, as well as psychological support and encouragement to help people become independent with stoma care and adapt to life with a stoma.
Contemporary challenges for SCPDNs in the provision of end-of-life care
Authors: Hughes Irene , Lavery Joanna
Published: December 2023

The advancement in the knowledge and skills required by the Specialist Community Practitioner District Nurse (SCPDN) is integral in supporting end-of-life care. An integrated and multi-disciplinary team approach is pivotal for high quality patient care delivery, which involves individuals and their significant others in decision-making at a sensitive time. Advanced care planning and the use of therapeutic communication by the SCPDN can help to support autonomy in individuals during uncertain times, enabling them to express their end-of-life wishes. The SCPDN, guided by the evidence base, must provide holistic care and manage palliation while ensuring the patient is at the centre of all decisions.
Research Roundup
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: December 2023

Aysha Mendes provides a synopsis and brief review of a selection of recently published research articles that are of interest to community nurses, highlighting key points to keep you up to date; a full reference is provided for those who wish to read the research in more detail
The power of social reading experiences in early years
Authors: Patel Anjali
Published: December 2023

In September 2023, the Centre for Literacy in Primary Education (CLPE) published its findings on a three-year research project, in partnership with the Imagination Library UK, designed to improve children's language and literacy development in early years by providing access to quality texts and opportunities for book sharing at home and in the classroom. Anjali Patel, lead advisory teacher for CLPE, discusses the findings.
Shining a spotlight on nutrition in our early years settings
Authors: Brackley Dayna
Published: December 2023

Dayna Brackley, Senior Food Policy consultant at Bremner & Co, discusses the importance of nutrition in settings and gives an overview of early years nutrition policy and practice.
Celebrating 35 years of The Pavilion Montessori School
Authors: Dann Susan
Published: December 2023

The Pavilion Montessori School in Teddington celebrated its 35th anniversary in November 2023. We sat down with Susan Dann, owner and headteacher, who shared more about what it's like to achieve this milestone, her setting and the legacy it hopes to give the children who attend.
PROFESSIONAL BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Barclay Meg , Willis Richard
Published: December 2023

Richard Willis, visiting professor at the University of South Wales, reviews a book which argues for the increased incorporation of slow pedagogies and slow knowledge in early childhood education and care (ECEC). The title won the Professional Book of the Year at the Nursery World Awards 2023. Meg Barclay, educational consultant and early years reviewer for the School Library Association reviews picture books which help support young readers' understanding of different emotions, the natural world and the concept of maps.
We need to talk about the early years workforce
Authors: Leitch Neil
Published: December 2023

Neil Leitch, chief executive of the Early Years Alliance, argues for the Government to do more to retain and nurture the talented staff already working in settings, and the urgent need for a workforce strategy to tackle the recruitment and retention crisis facing the sector.
How perceptions of voter control affect politicians’ evaluations of expertise in the news: a survey experiment on the role of accountability beliefs
Authors: Hanimann Anina
Published: December 2023

Background:

Political scientists have repeatedly argued that politicians’ behaviour can be influenced by their beliefs about their constituents’ ability to hold them accountable. Yet, how such accountability beliefs affect politicians’ information processing or behaviour remains understudied.

Aims and objectives:

I investigate how accountability beliefs influence information processing of members of parliament (MPs). I analyse whether MPs, who believe that their voters can hold them accountable, evaluate expertise in the news differently than their colleagues, who perceive less voter control.

Method:

I rely on original data from a survey experiment carried out among 1,191 Swiss MPs. In the experiment, MPs evaluated expert statements in the news on health policy issues that varied regarding the source, the evidence base and the degree of advocacy. I then analyse how these evaluations vary, depending on MPs’ accountability beliefs.

Findings:

Accountability beliefs indeed affect evaluations of expert credibility: MPs with strong accountability beliefs tend to be not only more sceptical about experts, who may be deemed biased (corporation experts), they also perceive experts advocating for specific policy solutions less negatively. However, contrary to expectations, MPs with strong accountability beliefs prefer experts using an opinion-based instead of an evidence-based language, at least on some issues.

Discussion and conclusion:

This paper highlights the importance of accountability beliefs when seeking to understand how MPs evaluate and eventually use expertise in the news. However, it also suggests that these relationships warrant further investigation across different political issues and geopolitical contexts.
Electro-optical control of polarization in femtosecond-laser written waveguides using an embedded liquid crystal cell
Authors: Lammers Kim , Alberucci Alessandro , Jisha Chandroth P. , Szameit Alexander , Nolte Stefan
Published: December 2023

By incorporating a liquid crystal layer into waveguides created through direct laser writing, a tunable waveplate in a fused silica waveguide is successfully realized. In the experiment, a voltage is applied to the birefringent liquid crystal layer, inducing changes in the internal molecular arrangement of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC). Owing to the voltage-induced rotation of the NLC molecules, the polarization of the transmitted light becomes dependent on the applied external electric field. This novel approach to polarization manipulation paves the way for a new family of reconfigurable devices and complex photonic circuits based upon femtosecond-written waveguides.
Advances in Optical Experiments Demanding New Optical Theory
--- Non-Interference Pattern Evolving to Interference Pattern,
Non-Diffraction Pattern Evolving to Diffraction Pattern, and
Two Non-Diffraction Patterns Evolving to Diffraction-Interference-Hybrid Pattern
Authors: Peng Hui
Published: December 2023

We experimentally show novel phenomena: (1) in the same double slit or cross double slit experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, the patterns are non-interference and gradually evolve to the interference patterns near the screen;

(2) in the same single slit or cross single slit experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, the patterns are non-diffraction and gradually evolve to the diffraction patterns near the screen;

(3) in the same non-parallel-two-slits experiment, within macroscopic distances from diaphragm, the patterns are non-diffraction and gradually evolve to the diffraction-interference-hybrid patterns;

(4) the diffraction-interference-hybrid patterns are angle-dependence.

To interpret consistently above phenomena is the challenge to the existing wave theories of the physical optics. Advances in optical experiments demand new theory.