bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual Reality Technology in Nursing Education: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Avşar Gülçin , Çelik Şeymanur , Doğan Sevgi , Çiftçi Bahar
Published: September 2024

Virtual reality (VR) technology plays a significant role in nursing education by enhancing the quality of training by applying knowledge, decision‐making, intervention completion and feedback. This study aims to examine nursing students' experiences and perceptions regarding the ventrogluteal injection training provided through VR technology. Conducted between May and June 2022, this qualitative descriptive phenomenology study took place at a state university in Turkey, involving 70 students who participated in Ventrogluteal Drug Administration training using VR glasses. The sample included 12 students selected via the Criterion Sampling Method. Data collection tools comprised the ‘Descriptive Information Form’ and a ‘Semi‐Structured Questionnaire’. Qualitative data were analysed using the Content Analysis Method, while quantitative data were assessed through descriptive statistical methods (frequency, percentage, mean). The study identified 13 codes, four sub‐themes and two main themes from the students' evaluations. The first main theme, ‘Weaknesses of Virtual Simulation’, included two sub‐themes: ‘Due to its Nature’ and ‘Due to its Technique’, resulting in five codes. The second main theme, ‘Strengths of Virtual Simulation’, was divided into two sub‐themes: ‘Permanence, Integrity, and Applicability’ and ‘Emotions towards Virtual Simulation’, with eight codes identified. The findings indicate that students view VR technology positively in their education. However, they also highlighted specific issues related to the simulation's technique and inherent nature.
Soil microbial respiration does not respond to nitrogen deposition but increases with latitude
Authors: Wang Qingkui , Zhao Xuechao , Liu Shengen , Wang Qinggui , Xu Zhuwen , Lü Xiaotao , Zhang Wei , Tian Peng
Published: September 2024

Facing global changes, substantial modifications in soil microbes and their functions have been widely evidenced and connected. However, the response of soil microbial respiration (MR) to increasing nitrogen (N) deposition and the role of microbial characteristics in controlling this response remain elusive. In this study, we quantified the intensity of the soil MR in terrestrial ecosystems that suffered elevated N deposition. High‐throughput quantitative sequencing and phospholipid fatty acids were employed to analyse microbial community properties and biomass, whilst microbial necromass was quantified using biomarker amino sugars. Our results revealed that soil MR kept stable under N deposition. Microorganisms maintained their respiration rates by modifying the characteristics of enzymes rather than altering microbial community properties or biomass. Notably, soil MR increased with latitude across study sites, which was attributed to the restriction of microbial activity by bacterial necromass. Supporting this observation, the recalcitrance of the soil carbon (C) pool to microbial degradation was evidenced to be the stability mechanism underlying the spatial variations in MR. Overall, we propose that MR is resistant to short‐term N deposition, whilst it exhibits a pronounced latitude dependence as shaped by the recalcitrant C pool. Our findings provide crucial insights into the microbial mechanisms of soil C dynamics under global change, contributing to the advancement of soil C models.
Mouse polyomavirus infection induces lamin reorganisation
Authors: Bruštíková Kateřina , Ryabchenko Boris , Žáčková Sandra , Šroller Vojtěch , Forstová Jitka , Horníková Lenka
Published: September 2024

The nuclear lamina is a dense network of intermediate filaments beneath the inner nuclear membrane. Composed of A‐type lamins (lamin A/C) and B‐type lamins (lamins B1 and B2), the nuclear lamina provides a scaffold for the nuclear envelope and chromatin, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of the nucleus. A‐type lamins are also found inside the nucleus where they interact with chromatin and participate in gene regulation. Viruses replicating in the cell nucleus have to overcome the nuclear envelope during the initial phase of infection and during the nuclear egress of viral progeny. Here, we focused on the role of lamins in the replication cycle of a dsDNA virus, mouse polyomavirus. We detected accumulation of the major capsid protein VP1 at the nuclear periphery, defects in nuclear lamina staining and different lamin A/C phosphorylation patterns in the late phase of mouse polyomavirus infection, but the nuclear envelope remained intact. An absence of lamin A/C did not affect the formation of replication complexes but did slow virus propagation. Based on our findings, we propose that the nuclear lamina is a scaffold for replication complex formation and that lamin A/C has a crucial role in the early phases of infection with mouse polyomavirus.
Contours of Racial Capitalism, Urban Geography, and Infrastructure
Authors: Fonseca Alfaro Claudia
Published: September 2024

Racial capitalism has received much attention within the social sciences over the past few decades, including fields such as urban geography and infrastructural studies. This state of the field identifies key contributions, highlights the latest developments, draws attention to limitations, and points to future directions. Given the concept's multiple iterations and lineages beyond Cedric Robinson's framework, there is a risk racial capitalism might become an empty signifier if more work is not done by scholars to define their points of departure, clarify the concept's theoretical reach, and expand empirical contributions beyond the U.S. heartland. To advance the racial capitalism body of work, current scholarship suggests theoretical conversations with postcolonial theory, decolonial thought, Indigenous studies, and feminist approaches. There is also a need to engage not only with other variants of racial capitalism, but also with earlier scholarship that investigates the interplay between race/racialization and space.
Social Determinants of COVID‐19 Pandemic Control: Participatory Learnings From Everyday Experiences in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Marais Frederick , Prinsloo Erna Louisa , Niesing Christi , Bester Petra
Published: September 2024

Introduction

As countries adapted their disaster responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic, South Africa responded with an alert‐level risk approach based on epidemiological principles that impacted all societal levels. We explored the everyday experiences of people in Cape Town whose basic needs were met and who could report on the realities of the COVID‐19 pandemic control. Gaining insight into their perspectives contributes to knowledge that can inform policies and practices for managing future public health crises.

Methods

Community‐Based Participatory Research principles guided the design and a series of facilitated dialogues with 18 research participants. The thematic analysis was deepened through two colloquiums with members of an overarching research consortium and a participant reflection workshop.

Findings

The pandemic impacted individuals, their interpersonal relationships, workplaces and communities, leading to societal processes such as stigma, virtue signalling and the subversion of mandates. The public health response had mixed reactions, with useful information about preventive measures being diluted by COVID‐19 denialism and fake news. Health and other authorities were frequently perceived as out of touch with, and unresponsive to, the everyday realities of local communities.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the connectedness of people and the need to maintain and re‐establish severed connections. A holistic approach to health care and promotion from social determinants of health and a community‐engaged perspective may significantly increase the outcomes of public health responses.

Participant and Public Contribution

People with everyday experience of the COVID‐19 pandemic—including community members, healthcare workers, case managers, carers and researchers—collaborated on the study design, interview schedule, data interpretation, analysis and refinement of this article.
DORA: 48‐week weight and metabolic changes in Black women with HIV, in a phase IIIb switch study from dolutegravir‐ or efavirenz‐ to doravirine‐based first‐line antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Woods Joana , Sokhela Simiso , Akpomiemie Godspower , Bosch Bronwyn , Möller Karlien , Bhaskar Esther , Kruger Chelsea , Manentsa Ncomeka , Tom Noxolo , Macholo Philadelphia , Chandiwana Nomathemba , Hill Andrew , Moorhouse Michelle , Venter Willem D. F.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Treatment‐related weight gain and metabolic complications with antiretroviral integrase‐based regimens, especially among Black women, suggest the need for alternative options.

Methods

We conducted a 48‐week, open‐label, single‐arm, single‐centre, phase IIIb switch study to evaluate the tolerability, safety and efficacy of switching from stable efavirenz‐ or dolutegravir‐based antiretroviral therapy to doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in Black women.

Results

The 101 participants enrolled (median age 35 years; interquartile range 31–40) were on efavirenz (n = 46; mean duration on therapy 1.7 years) or dolutegravir‐based (n = 55; mean duration 1.5 years) antiretrovirals at screening. Retention at 48 weeks was 92/101 participants, and viral suppression was >90% throughout the study, with a single case of doravirine resistance (106 M, V108I and H221Y mutations). The mean weight percentage change at week 48 was 4.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0–6.5; p < 0.001), and the adjusted mean change was 2.7 kg (95% CI 1.50–3.98; p < 0.001); for efavirenz, the percentage change was 5.0% (95% CI 2.9–7.1; p < 0.001), and the adjusted weight gain was 3.5 kg (95% CI 1.93–5.13); for dolutegravir, the percentage change was 4.5% (95% CI 1.8–7.3; p < 0.001), and the adjusted weight gain was 2.1 kg (95% CI 0.26–3.90). Statistically significant decreases in lipid panel percent mean to week 48 included: total cholesterol −8.4% (95% CI −11.3 to −5.5; p < 0.001), triglycerides −10.4% (95% CI −16.4 to −4.4; p < 0.001) and high‐density lipoprotein −14.8% (95% CI −18.5 to −11.2%; p < 0.001), with minor differences when disaggregating the mean percent change in lipids between previous efavirenz/dolutegravir regimens. Adverse events due to doravirine were few and mild.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that a switch to doravirine from efavirenz or dolutegravir is safe and effective in Black women, with significant improvement in lipid profiles, but does not arrest progressive weight gain.
Extraction of bioactive compounds from peel and seeds of pitomba (Talisia esculenta) using eutectic solvents
Authors: Souza Pâmela da Silva , Cardoso Flávia Aparecida Reitz , Lima Mirela Vanin dos Santos , Cristaldo Heck Stênio , Marques Leila Larisa Medeiros
Published: September 2024

This study explores using pitomba peel and seeds to obtain a natural extract with high antioxidant capacity, employing extraction techniques with eutectic solvents combined with agitation and temperature control. The analysis revealed that, for the extraction with pitomba peel residues, the average levels of phenolic compounds did not show significant differences except for the extraction with ethanol. In contrast, the extractions performed with pitomba seeds showed significant differences, with the combination of choline chloride with lactic acid and choline chloride with glycerol providing the highest phenolic compound values. For flavonoids, the highest amount was obtained with the extraction using L‐proline and levulinic acid for the pitomba peel and ethanol and choline chloride with levulinic acid for the pitomba seeds. The results of the DPPH and FRAP assays indicate that, for antioxidant activity, the highest DPPH value was achieved with the extraction of pitomba peel using choline chloride with glycerol. In contrast, for pitomba seeds, elevated values were found with choline chloride with glycerol and choline chloride with levulinic acid. In the FRAP assay, the averages between L‐proline with levulinic acid and choline chloride with glycerol were not significantly different, showing high values. For pitomba seeds, the averages between ethanol and choline chloride with glycerol were also not significantly different and showed the highest obtained values. The results demonstrate that the extracts obtained from pitomba residues are rich in valuable compounds for potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. They highlight the significant levels of flavonoids extracted from pitomba peel and seeds and emphasise the effectiveness of deep eutectic solvents (DES), particularly choline chloride with glycerol, in the extraction process.
Innovative of cascara as potential in beverage, food and their functional impact: a review
Authors: Wibowo Nendyo Adhi , Wanita Yeyen Prestyaning , Novitasari Erliana , Amri Aldicky Faizal , Purwanto Eko Heri , Yulianti Yulianti , Aurum Fawzan Sigma
Published: September 2024

Cascara's beverage and food innovation has sparked interest due to its unique flavour profile and potential health benefits. Cascara drink, which comes from dried coffee pulp husks, offers a distinctive aroma reminiscent of cherry, mango and tamarind. Research has highlighted cascara's high antioxidant content, making it a functional and healthy drink choice. Sensory analysis has shown that cascara drinks exhibit dominant citric acid and black tea flavours with a strong sour aroma, appealing to consumers who enjoy coffee and tea. Furthermore, post‐harvest processing significantly influences the chemical composition of cascara beverages, with different processing methods resulting in varying levels of caffeine, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. This innovation not only offers a refreshing drink but also shows the potential of cascara to be a valuable source of antioxidants with diverse flavour profiles and contributing to the global market.
Antiviral Effectiveness, Clinical Outcomes, and Artificial Intelligence Imaging Analysis for Hospitalized COVID‐19 Patients Receiving Antivirals
Authors: Gao Yuan , Dong Yixi , Bu Qiushi , Gong Zhijie , Wang Wei , Zhou Zhongkai , Gao Yunyi , Liu Liwei , Wu Menghua , Zhang Jiaying , Liang Lianchun , Li Hongjun , Jiang Mengxi , Luo Zujin , Ma Yingmin , Zhang Xinyu , Hu Zhongjie
Published: September 2024

Introduction

There is still a lack of clinical evidence comprehensively evaluating the effectiveness of antiviral treatments for COVID‐19 hospitalized patients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Beijing You'An Hospital, focusing on patients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or azvudine. The study employed a tripartite analysis—viral dynamics, survival curve analysis, and AI‐based radiological analysis of pulmonary CT images—aiming to assess the severity of pneumonia.

Results

Of 370 patients treated with either nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or azvudine as monotherapy, those in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir group experienced faster viral clearance than those treated with azvudine (5.4 days vs. 8.4 days, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the survival curves between the two drug groups. AI‐based radiological analysis revealed that patients in the nirmatrelvir group had more severe pneumonia conditions (infection ratio is 11.1 vs. 5.35, p = 0.007). Patients with an infection ratio higher than 9.2 had nearly three times the mortality rate compared to those with an infection ratio lower than 9.2.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that in real‐world studies regarding hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia, the antiviral effect of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is significantly superior to azvudine, but the choice of antiviral agents is not necessarily linked to clinical outcomes; the severity of pneumonia at admission is the most important factor to determine prognosis. Additionally, our findings indicate that pulmonary AI imaging analysis can be a powerful tool for predicting patient prognosis and guiding clinical decision‐making.
Topological models of yttrium aluminosilicate glass based on molecular dynamics and structure characterization analysis
Authors: Li Xianzi , Wang Yanhang , Yang Penghui , Yin Xianyin , Han Tao , Han Bin , He Kun
Published: September 2024

Topological constraint theory (TCT) and molecular dynamics simulations (MD) are utilized to study the effect of Y2O3/SiO2 substitution on the short‐ and medium‐range structures and properties in aluminosilicate glasses containing Y2O3. Experimental methods have been applied to characterize the structures of the as‐prepared glasses to verify the accuracy of MD simulations. It was found that the Y–O bond distance is around 2.38 Å and the Y average coordination number is around 5.78. The introduction of Y2O3 disrupts the Si–O and Al–O bonds in the network structure and elevates the proportion of non‐bridging oxygen. Meanwhile, the calculation results of Si–O and Al–O bond distances show Y shortens the distance between Si, Al cations and oxygen ions, improving the network structure tightness. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature (Tg), Vickers hardness (HV), and elastic modulus (E) of glass increase with the increase of Y2O3 content, while the viscosity decreases. TCT was used to analyze the relationship among glass compositions, structures, and properties, and the properties prediction models for Tg, HV, and E were established. The effectiveness of TCT prediction models was proved by the comparison between the results predicted by the models and the data reported in the literature.
Rare‐earth compositional screening of high‐entropy diborides for improved oxidation resistance
Authors: Tang Haifeng , Wen Zihao , Liu Yiwen , Zhuang Lei , Yu Hulei , Chu Yanhui
Published: September 2024

Compositional screening is an important strategy to improve the oxidation resistance of high‐entropy diborides (HEB2), yet the related studies are limited. Here, we report a rare‐earth (RE) element compositional screening strategy to improve the oxidation resistance of HEB2. To be specific, the single‐phase (Hf0.28Zr0.28Ta0.28RE0.16)B2 (HEB2‐RE) samples with 12 different RE elements are fabricated via ultrafast ultrahigh‐temperature synthesis and spark plasma sintering techniques, and their oxidation resistance is explored by isothermal oxidation tests. The results show that the as‐obtained HEB2‐Sc samples possess the best oxidation resistance among all the as‐fabricated HEB2‐RE samples. Such outstanding oxidation resistance is ascribed to the enhanced viscosity of the generated B2O3 glass originating from the solid solution of (Zr, Me)0.84Sc0.16O2 complex oxides, as confirmed by transmission electron microscope observations and first‐principles calculations.
Phase equilibria in the system BaO–TiO2
Authors: Zaman Tasmia , Jiang Yue , Mofarah Sajjad Seifi , Bhattacharyya Saroj Kumar , Koshy Pramod , Daniels John E. , Sorrell Charles Christopher
Published: September 2024

The system BaO–TiO2 is technically important because it contains multiple dielectric and ferroelectric phases, including the important BaTiO3, which is one of the most widely studied dielectric perovskites owing to its dual piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. The present work revises the subsolidus phase equilibria data by synthesizing previous phase equilibria data and new experimental results using high‐temperature (600°–1300°C) and long‐term (≤336 h) equilibration, coupled with analytical work based principally on room‐temperature X‐ray diffraction. The resultant phase diagram is given in both mole and weight percents, extending from the liquidus surface (not investigated) to absolute zero temperature (for inclusion of the previously excluded crystallographic and ferroelectric phase transformations). The major features include (1) correction of four eutectoid and three peritectoid reactions and corresponding temperatures, (2) indication of inferred partial solid solubilities, (3) clarification of the BaTiO3 solid solubility homogeneity regions, and (4) specification of some invariant point compositions on the liquidus surface.
“Fool Me Once” Or “Slippery Slope”? A Study of Purchasing Managers' Reaction to Repeated Supplier Sustainability Incidents
Authors: Pournader Mehrdokht , Kach Andrew P.
Published: September 2024

Sustainability incidents (e.g., human rights violations, pollution, bribery, etc.) in supply chains continue to manifest globally. Yet, evidence from practice shows such incidents tend to recur within the same supply chains despite stakeholder attention. We investigate the manifestations of supplier sustainability incidents (SSIs) and purchasing managers' reaction to them over time, looking for traces of the slippery slope effect. We also test whether moral disengagement and psychological distance can further impact decisions toward SSIs. Through a series of experiments on both social and environmental SSIs and a follow‐up qualitative study (683 participants in total), we find evidence for the impact of moral disengagement and psychological distance on purchasing managers' reaction to SSIs. However, results for the slippery slope effect were mixed. Our supplementary qualitative study found evidence for the slippery slope effect, as well as moral licensing/cleansing and moral psychology.
Do Supply Chain Characteristics Influence a Rival Firm's Responses to a Focal Firm's Product Preannouncements? A Competitive Dynamics Perspective
Authors: Guntuka Laharish , Cantor David E. , Corsi Thomas M. , D'oria Laura , Grover Abhay
Published: September 2024

This study investigates how supply chain characteristics influence a rival firm's response to a focal firm's product preannouncements from a competitive dynamics perspective. Indeed, many firms recognize that it is critical to leverage their supply chains to gain a competitive advantage. We propose that common suppliers enhance a rival firm's awareness of the focal firm's credibility, reducing competitive responses. In addition, a rival firm's strong supplier inventory performance will motivate rivals to respond more aggressively, while the rival's supply–chain partnerships enhance its capability to react to the focal firm. Using panel data from S&P 1500 firms between 2007 and 2015, our findings provide support for our hypotheses, illustrating that supply chain characteristics can significantly influence a rival firm's responses to the focal firm's preannouncements. This research contributes to the competitive dynamics and supply chain management literature by highlighting the strategic role of supply chain characteristics in interfirm competition, offering practical insights for managers on leveraging supply chain resources to effectively navigate competitive threats.
Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles induce liver fibrosis‐resolving phenotype in alternatively activated macrophages
Authors: Torabi Shukoofeh , Zarrabi Morteza , Shekari Faezeh , Poorkazem Hedie , Lotfinia Majid , Bencina Stefan , Gramignoli Roberto , Hassan Moustapha , Najimi Mustapha , Vosough Massoud
Published: September 2024

The potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from mesenchymal stromal cells in guiding macrophages toward anti‐inflammatory immunophenotypes, has been reported in several studies. In our study, we provided experimental evidence of a distinctive effect played by Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived EVs (WJ‐EVs) on human macrophages. We particularly analyzed their anti‐inflammatory effects on macrophages by evaluating their interactions with stellate cells, and their protective role in liver fibrosis. A three‐step gradient method was used to isolate monocytes from umbilical cord blood (UCB). Two subpopulations of WJ‐EVs were isolated by high‐speed (20,000 g) and differential ultracentrifugation (110,000 g). Further to their characterization, they were designated as EV20K and EV110K and incubated at different concentrations with UCB‐derived monocytes for 7 days. Their anti‐fibrotic effect was assessed by studying the differentiation and functional levels of generated macrophages and their potential to modulate the survival and activity of LX2 stellate cells. The EV20K triggers the polarization of UCB‐derived monocytes towards a peculiar M2‐like functional phenotype more effectively than the M‐CSF positive control. The EV20K treated macrophages were characterized by a higher expression of scavenger receptors, increased phagocytic capacity and production level of interleukin‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β. Conditioned medium from those polarized macrophages attenuated the proliferation, contractility and activation of LX2 stellate cells. Our data show that EV20K derived from WJ‐MSCs induces activated macrophages to suppress immune responses and potentially play a protective role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis by directly inhibiting HSC’s activation.
The intersection of systems thinking and structural empowerment in the work of public health dietitians
Authors: Tagtow Angela M. , Welter Christina , Seweryn Steven , Spiker Marie L. , Lange Jill , Asada Yuka
Published: September 2024

Background

Public health dietitians navigate complex professional landscapes amid dwindling resources, organisational disruptions and limited advancement opportunities. Cultivating systems thinking and structural empowerment competencies may enable this workforce to address multifaceted public health challenges more effectively. This study explored the extent to which public health dietitians apply systems thinking and perceive access to structural empowerment and the relationship between these constructs.

Methods

A quantitative online survey incorporating the systems thinking scale (STS) and conditions for work effectiveness questionnaire‐II (CWEQ‐II) was conducted among US public health dietitians who worked in governmental public health. Data were collected from September 2022 to October 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted.

Results

Among 216 respondents, 98% demonstrated moderate‐to‐high systems thinking competency (mean STS score = 60.3 ± 8.74, range 28–78). Over 88% reported moderate‐to‐high perceived structural empowerment (mean CWEQ‐II score = 18.3 ± 0.96, range 8–29). Higher systems thinking scores were associated with greater decision‐making authority (p = 0.01) but not budget oversight. Higher structural empowerment scores correlated with increased job responsibilities and decision‐making authority (p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation existed between systems thinking and structural empowerment (r = 0.24, p < 0.001). Public health dietitians exhibited substantial systems thinking capabilities and perceived access to organisational power structures.

Conclusions

This study offers baseline understanding of systems thinking and structural empowerment among public health dietitians. The positive interplay between these constructs underscores their potential to drive systems‐level change and influence population health outcomes. Integrating systems thinking and structural empowerment into dietetic education and professional development may enhance the workforce's preparedness for navigating complexities.
Transcriptional regulation of phospholipid transport in cotton fiber elongation by GhMYB30D04–GhHD1 interaction complex
Authors: Song Qingwei , Du Chuanhui , Xu Yiyang , Wang Jin , Lin Min , Zuo Kaijing
Published: September 2024

Cotton fiber length is basically determined by well‐coordinated gene expression and phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) accumulation during fiber elongation but the regulatory mechanism governing PIPs transport remains unknown. Here, we report a MYB transcription factor GhMYB30D04 in Gossypium hirsutum that promotes fiber elongation through modulating the expression of PIP transporter gene GhLTPG1. Knockout of GhMYB30D04 gene in cotton (KO) results in a reduction of GhLTPG1 transcripts with lower accumulation of PIPs, leading to shorter fibers and lower fiber yield. Conversely, GhMYB30D04 overexpression (GhMYB30D04‐OE) causes richer PIPs and longer cotton fibers, mimicking the effects of exogenously applying PIPs on the ovules of GhMYB30D04‐KO and wild type. Furthermore, GhMYB30D04 interacts with GhHD1, the crucial transcription factor of fiber initiation, to form an activation complex stabilized by PIPs, both of which upregulate GhLTPG1 expression. Comparative omics‐analysis revealed that higher and extended expressions of LTPG1 in fiber elongation mainly correlate with the variations of the GhMYB30D04 gene between two cotton allotetraploids, contributing to longer fiber in G. babardense. Our work clarifies a mechanism by which GhHD1–GhMYB30D04 form a regulatory module of fiber elongation to tightly control PIP accumulation. Our work still has an implication that GhMYB30D04–GhHD1 associates with development transition from fiber initiation to elongation.
Photoperiodism, testosterone and adult neurogenesis in canaries (Serinus canaria)
Authors: Balthazart Jacques
Published: September 2024

Domestic strains of canaries (Serinus canaria) variably respond to photoperiod changes and apparently stay in breeding state for extended periods. Fife Fancy canaries are supposed to be similar to the native species living at 27–39° north where photoperiod significantly changes across the year. Our birds showed reproductive cycles when exposed to light regimes mimicking the annual cycle of photoperiod. However after 6 months in short days (SD: 8L:16D), males developed large testes, as observed by X‐ray tomography, and intense singing. Switching to long days (LD: 16L:8D) did not further increase song rate nor testes size but increased song duration, number of syllables per song, and trill occurrence frequency. No sign of regression was observed after 12 weeks in LD but return to SD produced a rapid decrease in testes size and singing activity below values in birds maintained throughout in SD. Fife Fancy thus does not seem to develop absolute but only relative refractoriness. The relatively high singing activity expressed by SD‐photosensitive males does not seem to depend on high testosterone (T) concentrations. Singing did not correlate with plasma testosterone (T). Treatment with ATD + Flutamide only marginally decreased song rate and did not affect song quality nor song control nuclei volume. These birds are either supersensitive to low T levels or their reproductive physiology is activated by other mechanisms. Neurogenesis is increased by T and by LD but the function of new neurons incorporated in HVC is poorly understood. We developed a procedure based on X‐ray focal irradiation to deplete neural progenitors adjacent to HVC and study the functional consequences. The decrease in neurogenesis increased the variability of T‐induced songs in females and decreased their bandwidth. Neurogenesis in HVC thus plays a role in song production and X‐ray focal irradiation represents an excellent tool to analyze adult neurogenesis.
Late Subcutaneous Infection Caused by Serratia marcescens Following Hyaluronic Acid Injection: A Case Report and Systemic Review
Authors: Zhang Yihan , Lyu Yansi , Lin Tingyin , Chen Luotai , Liu Zhuolin , Ou Yanting , Xu Xiangwen , Wu Mengfan , Luo Lin , Feng Jun , Liu Dandan
Published: September 2024

Background

The field of cosmetic filler injection has experienced rapid development over the past two decades, especially in facial augmentation utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers. Gram‐negative bacteria are found to be the main pathogens of infective nodules after HA injection. The occurrence of cutaneous infections attributed to Serratia marcescens is exceedingly rare and predominantly noted in patients with compromised immune systems.

Aims

To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of subcutaneous infection caused by Serratia marcescens following hyaluronic acid injection.

Patients/Methods

A rare case of cutaneous Serratia marcescens infection following hyaluronic acid injection was presented. A comprehensive review of the published literature describing the management of skin infection caused by S. marcescens in immunocompetent patients was then conducted, which encompassed three case series and eight case reports published between 1999 and 2017. Data extraction included information on authors, gender, age, signs and symptoms, previous treatment, corresponding management strategies, and follow‐up duration.

Results

Serratia marcescens were isolated in abscesses (n = 6, 35.29%), painful nodules (n = 2, 11.76%), ulcers (n = 6, 35.29%), and others (n = 3, 17.65%). In cases providing salvage plans (n = 11), quinolones were shown to be the most effective antibiotics for salvage, with eight full recoveries (72.73%), and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole was the second most useful antibiotic (18.18%).

Conclusions

With the help of pathogen examination and drug‐sensitive tests, sensitive aminoglycosides, quinolone (especially moxifloxacin), or TMP‐SMX for at least 2 weeks can be considered as the first‐line treatment of late subcutaneous infection caused by Serratia marcescens following hyaluronic acid injection.
Death Anxiety and Its Influencing Factors Among Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Xie Xiaofang , Chen Lianzhen , Cheng Yu , Zhang Jun‐e
Published: September 2024

Background

In China, caregiving for cancer patients is primarily the responsibility of family members. This role often exposes family caregivers to the contemplation of mortality. Death anxiety among family caregivers may influence the care they offer to cancer patients.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the prevailing level of death anxiety among Chinese family caregivers of cancer patients and identify its influencing factors.

Design

This cross‐sectional study followed the STROBE statement.

Methods

A total of 220 family caregivers of cancer patients were recruited from a prominent tertiary hospital in southern China. The survey included a general information questionnaire, the Collett–Lester Fear of Death Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale and the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire. In addition to descriptive statistics, ANOVA, mean differences, correlations and regression analyses were computed.

Results

The average score for death anxiety among family caregivers of cancer patients was 104.27 ± 21.02. Death anxiety was negatively correlated with a positive coping style and social support. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that marital status, death education, patients' fear of death and coping style accounted for 41.0% of the variance in death anxiety among family caregivers.

Conclusions

Family caregivers of cancer patients experienced a moderate level of death anxiety. Individuals who were unmarried or divorced, lacked death education, had negative coping styles or cared for patients with fear of death tended to have high levels of death anxiety.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Healthcare providers should act as credible educators to reduce caregivers' death anxiety by imparting positive coping styles and accurate knowledge and values about death so caregivers can provide high‐quality care to patients.
Targeting factor XIIa for therapeutic interference with hereditary angioedema
Authors: Cohn Danny M. , Renné Thomas
Published: September 2024

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, potentially life‐threatening genetic disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of swelling. Local vasodilation and vascular leakage are stimulated by the vasoactive peptide bradykinin, which is excessively produced due to dysregulation of the activated factor XII (FXIIa)‐driven kallikrein–kinin system. There is a need for novel treatments for HAE that provide greater efficacy, improved quality of life, minimal adverse effects, and reduced treatment burden over current first‐line therapies. FXIIa is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target for interference with HAE attacks. In this review, we draw on preclinical, experimental animal, and in vitro studies, providing an overview on targeting FXIIa as the basis for pharmacologic interference in HAE. We highlight that there is a range of FXIIa inhibitors in development for different therapeutic areas. Of these, garadacimab, an FXIIa‐targeted inhibitory monoclonal antibody, is the most advanced and has shown potential as a novel long‐term prophylactic treatment for patients with HAE in clinical trials. The evidence from these trials is summarized and discussed, and we propose areas for future research where targeting FXIIa may have therapeutic potential beyond HAE.
Mixing properties of non‐stationary multi‐variate count processes
Authors: Debaly Zinsou Max , Neumann Michael H. , Truquet Lionel
Published: September 2024

We consider multi‐variate versions of two popular classes of integer‐valued processes. While the transition mechanism is time‐homogeneous, a possible non‐stationarity is introduced by an exogeneous covariate process. We prove absolute regularity (‐mixing) for the count process with exponentially decaying mixing coefficients. The proof of this result makes use of some sort of contraction in the transition mechanism which allows a coupling of two versions of the count process such that they eventually coalesce. We show how this result can be used to prove asymptotic normality of a least squares estimator of an involved model parameter.
Beyond inclusion politics: A critical discourse analysis of sex and gender in medical education
Authors: Kariyawasam Navin , Rai Nanky , Sharma Malika
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Medical training refers frequently to sex and gender, yet these terms are often used vaguely and interchangeably with little critical engagement. We aimed to better understand the key discourses around sex and gender in medical training.

Methods

All verbal and written instances of gendered/sexed language, occurring in lectures, slides and provided written materials, within 1 year of preclerkship medical education at a single institution in Canada were recorded autoethnographically by a medical student. We analysed these instances using critical discourse analysis informed by anticolonial, feminist and queer theoretical perspectives, particularly contrasting the concepts of governmentality and ungovernability to better understand how sex and gender are deployed in medical training.

Results

Despite the proliferation of ostensibly queer‐ and trans‐positive content in medical curricula, sex and gender were frequently communicated inconsistently and imprecisely. In addition to, and perhaps as a result of, this inconsistent use, we uncovered three key discourses of (1) gender policing, (2) misogyny and (3) gender legibility. Collectively, these discourses can illustrate how medical education governs and reinforces gender norms.

Discussion

The repetitive and everyday use of ill‐defined and uncritical gendered and sexed language can be seen to discursively uphold systems of cisheteropatriarchy and transphobia within medicine. Trans and intersex bodies cannot be considered addendums to be tacked on to a foundation of cisnormative and inaccurate teaching in medical education. Institutional attempts to improve curricula must go beyond the addition of new modules, which can be undermined by otherwise cisheteropatriarchal understandings of sex and gender.
A relaxation‐based Voronoi diagram approach for equitable resource distribution
Authors: Li Kuangying , Atik Asya , Zheng Dayang , Hajibabai Leila , Hajbabaie Ali
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a methodology designed to reduce cost, improve demand coverage, and ensure equitable vaccine distribution during the initial stages of the vaccination campaign when demand significantly exceeds supply. We formulate an enhanced maximum covering problem as a mixed integer linear program, aiming to minimize the total vaccine distribution cost while maximizing the allocation of vaccines to population blocks under equity constraints. Block‐level census data are employed to define demand locations, identifying gender, age, and racial groups within each block using population data. A Lagrangian relaxation technique integrated with a modified Voronoi diagram is proposed to solve the location–allocation problem efficiently. Empirical case studies in Pennsylvania, using real‐world data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and health department websites, were conducted for the first 4 months of the COVID‐19 vaccination campaign. Preliminary results show that the proposed solution algorithm effectively solves the problem, achieving a 5.92% reduction in total transportation cost and a 28.15% increase in demand coverage. Moreover, our model can reduce the deviation from equity to 0.07 (∼50% improvement).
Mapping sovereignism(s) in South America
Authors: Padoan Enrico
Published: September 2024

Sovereignism is said to be on the rise: defending a nation's political autonomy, international borders, and cultural identity and protecting the domestic economy from the perils of globalisation are core demands. What about Latin America? To what extent are sovereignist claims a key component of Latin American parties' platforms and rhetoric? How do these vary according to national contexts and ideological foundations? Is sovereignism truly novel in the region? This article, relying on qualitative analyses of party manifestos from six different countries, as well as on data from the Manifesto Project, aims to map Latin American sovereignism in its different dimensions (political, economic, cultural, international) according to country and party families. As our data show, claims for defending or achieving ‘sovereignty’ are a key component of the (mostly left‐wing) populist idiolect in the region. The Latin American extreme right tends to adopt a sovereignist rhetoric to justify a traditional pro‐market agenda. The article overall calls for a problematisation of the concept of ‘sovereignism’ by proposing a stronger cross‐regional perspective. There are different ‘varieties of sovereignism’ depending on whether state sovereignty is primarily viewed as something to be restored or, alternatively, to be achieved (as is the case in South America).
An allometry perspective on crops
Authors: Westgeest Adrianus J. , Vasseur François , Enquist Brian J. , Milla Rubén , Gómez‐Fernández Alicia , Pot David , Vile Denis , Violle Cyrille
Published: September 2024

Understanding trait–trait coordination is essential for successful plant breeding and crop modeling. Notably, plant size drives variation in morphological, physiological, and performance‐related traits, as described by allometric laws in ecology. Yet, as allometric relationships have been limitedly studied in crops, how they influence and possibly limit crop performance remains unknown. Here, we review how an allometry perspective on crops gains insights into the phenotypic evolution during crop domestication, the breeding of varieties adapted to novel conditions, and the prediction of crop yields. As allometry is an active field of research, modeling and manipulating crop allometric relationships can help to develop more resilient and productive agricultural systems to face future challenges.
Streamlined screening platforms lead to the discovery of pachysiphine synthase from Tabernanthe iboga
Authors: Kamileen Mohamed O. , Nakamura Yoko , Luck Katrin , Heinicke Sarah , Hong Benke , Colinas Maite , Lichman Benjamin R. , O'Connor Sarah E.
Published: September 2024

Plant‐specialized metabolism is largely driven by the oxidative tailoring of key chemical scaffolds catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP450s) enzymes. Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) tabersonine and pseudo‐tabersonine, found in the medicinal plant Tabernanthe iboga (commonly known as iboga), are tailored with oxidations, and the enzymes involved remain unknown.

Here, we developed a streamlined screening strategy to test the activity of T. iboga CYP450s in Nicotiana benthamiana. Using multigene constructs encoding the biosynthesis of tabersonine and pseudo‐tabersonine scaffolds, we aimed to uncover the CYP450s responsible for oxidative transformations in these scaffolds.

Our approach identified two T. iboga cytochrome P450 enzymes: pachysiphine synthase (PS) and 16‐hydroxy‐tabersonine synthase (T16H). These enzymes catalyze an epoxidation and site‐specific hydroxylation of tabersonine to produce pachysiphine and 16‐OH‐tabersonine, respectively.

This work provides new insights into the biosynthetic pathways of MIAs and underscores the utility of N. benthamiana and Catharanthus roseus as platforms for the functional characterization of plant enzymes.
Photosynthetic ROS and retrograde signaling pathways
Authors: Lee Keun Pyo , Kim Chanhong
Published: September 2024

Sessile plants harness mitochondria and chloroplasts to sense and adapt to diverse environmental stimuli. These complex processes involve the generation of pivotal signaling molecules, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, volatiles, and diverse metabolites. Furthermore, the specific modulation of chloroplast proteins, through activation or deactivation, significantly enhances the plant's capacity to engage with its dynamic surroundings. While existing reviews have extensively covered the role of plastidial retrograde modules in developmental and light signaling, our focus lies in investigating how chloroplasts leverage photosynthetic ROS to navigate environmental fluctuations and counteract oxidative stress, thereby sustaining primary metabolism. Unraveling the nuanced interplay between photosynthetic ROS and plant stress responses holds promise for uncovering new insights that could reinforce stress resistance and optimize net photosynthesis rates. This exploration aspires to pave the way for innovative strategies to enhance plant resilience and agricultural productivity amidst changing environmental conditions.
Food‐based dietary guidelines for optimizing calcium intakes for reproductive‐aged women in Ethiopia using local foods
Authors: Davies‐Kershaw Hilary , Tang Kevin , Gashu Dawd , Saje Semira Mitiku , Gomes Filomena , Joy Edward J. M. , Ander E. Louise , Gibson Sarah , Rana Ziaul H. , Ferguson Elaine L.
Published: September 2024

Increasing dietary calcium intakes of Ethiopian women of reproductive age (WRA) is a public health priority for reducing pre‐eclampsia in pregnancy. Using linear programming, we determined whether locally available foods consumed by WRA in nine regions (urban and rural) and two administrative cities of Ethiopia could provide 1000 mg/day of dietary calcium, and we identified food‐based recommendations (FBRs) to improve dietary calcium adequacy in each region. Results showed that diets providing 1000 mg/day of calcium were feasible in eight regions (40%) of the target populations examined. It would, however, require marked changes for most populations (90%), increasing the number of servings per week of several food groups to levels close to those of high consumers in each population. The selected calcium‐specific FBRs integrate well into the 2022 Ethiopian Dietary Guidelines, requiring additional messages to consume green leafy vegetables, milk, root crops, or teff (Eragrostis tef) or to consume a higher number of servings of vegetables than currently recommended, depending on the population. In conclusion, these analyses show that a food‐based approach can be used to achieve dietary calcium adequacy among WRA in 40% of the populations examined. For the other populations, food‐based interventions alone may be inadequate and other interventions are likely needed.