bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teachers Count in the Classroom and in Policy: Legislation, Rules, and Regulations as Pathways in Gifted Education
Authors: Robinson Ann , Deitz Christine
Published: September 2022

Policy is a powerful tool that guides many gifted education services and practices in states across the U.S. In addition to student services, policies can govern teacher preparation standards and qualifications for educators responsible for instructional delivery to academically talented learners. Essential to the process, institutions of higher education partner with states to provide standards-based endorsements for gifted education teachers. Arkansas, Iowa, and Kentucky serve as exemplars for enacting policies aimed at increasing the number of educators prepared to teach in the field of gifted education. Key features of their teacher education policies are summarized. In addition to formal teacher education policies, the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) offers a certificate in Exceptional Needs: Gifted. The NBPTS pathway creates recognition for a national level of accomplished teaching practice in gifted education also found in state policy.
Identification Policy: Addressing Equity and Excellence for Advanced Learners
Authors: Plucker Jonathan A. , Wells April , Meyer Melanie S.
Published: September 2022

Identification for gifted and talented services is governed by state and local policies. Inclusive, student-centered policies can support equity and excellence by ensuring that all students have access to appropriate levels of academic challenge. Gifted programming standards, evidence-based interventions, and emerging strategies can provide guidance for the creation of strong identification policies and for the revision of policies that do not adequately support equitable access, program alignment, and the proportional representation of students from culturally, linguistically, and economically diverse backgrounds. Some critical points to consider when creating identification policies for advanced learning programs include providing opportunities to learn, expanding access to advanced programming, embedding retention supports, ensuring flexibility to account for local needs, maintaining an emphasis on excellence, and inviting input from families and community members.
Effective nonlocal behavior of peridynamic random structure composites subjected to body forces with compact support and related prospective problems
Authors: Buryachenko Valeriy A
Published: September 2022

We consider a static problem for statistically homogeneous matrix linear bond-based peridynamic composite materials (CMs) subjected to body force with compact support. Estimation of the effective displacements is performed by the exploitation of the most popular tools and concepts used in conventional local elasticity of composite materials (CMs) with their adaptation to peridynamics. The method is based on estimation of a perturbator introduced by one inclusion inside the infinite peristatic matrix subjected to the body force. The statistical averages of both the displacements and stresses are estimated by summation of these perturbators for all possible locations of inclusions. It leads to obtaining of a new general integral equation (GIE) where a renormalizing procedure is not required for the involved absolutely convergent integrals. It allows us to estimate not only the effective nonlocal constitutive equation but also to evaluate the statistical field averages (inhomogeneous and nonlocal) inside the phases at the fine scale that is critically important for advanced modeling (e.g. for any nonlinear phenomena potentially considered in the future). In particular, in the generalized effective field method (EFM) proposed, the effective field is evaluated from self-consistent estimations using closing of a corresponding integral equation in the framework of the quasi-crystalline approximation. In so doing, the classical effective field hypothesis is relaxed, and the hypothesis of the ellipsoidal symmetry of the random structure of CMs is not used. The method proposed is a promising ingredient at the construction of provably robust data-driven surrogate equations describing both the effective behavior and effective displacement concentration operator inside inclusions. Some opportunities for generalizations of the method proposed are considered. Numerical results for the estimation of effective deformations are obtained for one-dimensional (1D) statistically homogeneous peridynamic composite bar with the prescribed self-equilibrated body forces.
Death by Police Shooting in Australia: Understanding Lethal Force Decisions Through a Sequence Analysis of Behavior
Authors: Porter Louise E.
Published: September 2022

Police officers’ use of lethal force is scrutinized to determine the appropriateness of the decision to shoot. However, surprisingly little research has systematically examined the sequence of behaviors that leads to this decision. This study content analyzed coronial reports of 58 deaths by police shooting in Australia, coding behavioral and situational features. A novel sequence analysis method—the proximity coefficient—was used to determine the proximities of police and subject behaviors to interpret how police firearm presentation and discharge may be influenced by preceding actions. Theoretical implications and practical applications for preventing fatal outcomes are discussed.
Creating a lean mind-set: Change of practice towards early treatment
Authors: Haukåsen Ole Andreas , Hermanrud Inge
Published: September 2022

This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study on lean implementation viewed as an organisational learning process. By using a scaffolding framework, we investigate the ways in which human resource development facilitates learning among clinicians. This study contributes to the temporary role of human resource development in learning processes within multi-disciplinary professional groups. We identify scaffolding activities from which we have identified three human resource development practices: phase 1 – cognitive scaffolding, in which human resource development acts as a ‘mindsetter’ that aims to motivate the learning of lean in relation to the clinicians’ practices; phase 2 – peer-to-peer scaffolding through ‘doing’ lean, in which human resource development performs the role of an ‘experience creator’ who creates knowledge engagement between peers – in order to put lean into practice; and phase 3 – fading of the scaffolding, in which human resource development performs the role of a ‘delegator’ who transfers the responsibility to the clinicians to promote learning. This contributes to our understanding of how knowledge is negotiated in a multidisciplinary context. We contribute to the learning literature by emphasising how learning trajectories are initiated by learning initiatives, highlighting the role limitations of human resource development in this context, and demonstrating how a new learning tension arises between different versions of ‘lean’ in the organisation.
Evaluation through narratives: A practical case of Participatory Narrative Inquiry in women empowerment evaluation in Niger
Authors: Zucchini Emanuele , Carbon Michael , Bosch Christine , Felloni Fabrizio
Published: September 2022

This study explores the use of Participatory Narrative Inquiry (PNI) in evaluating development interventions by contributing to the debate of using participatory narrative methods. Stories on personal experience are used to evaluate the project’s effects as with similar methods such as Most Significant Change and Sensemaking. To the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the early applications of PNI to the evaluation of international development programmes. The study discusses advantages and limitations, and provides a scholarly reflection based on an application of PNI in the evaluation of gender and women’s empowerment in Niger. The study concludes that PNI is a powerful alternative to existing qualitative and participatory narrative evaluation methods. Within mixed-method approaches, PNI allows for greater inclusion of project beneficiaries in the evaluation process, while helping to elaborate a thorough theory of change, understand the complexity of the context, identify and assess outcome pathways, and provide an evidence-based evaluation.
Including multiple perspectives in participatory multi-criteria analysis: A framework for investigation
Authors: Dean Marco
Published: September 2022

Over the past few decades, a number of participatory multi-criteria analysis methods, combining deliberative procedures with multiple decision criteria assessment techniques, have been developed to tackle complex policy problems. However, several important aspects of such methods, including the way in which different and often contrasting viewpoints should be included in the analysis, appear to have been largely neglected by previous studies. Possible problems and drawbacks that may hamper the applicability and feasibility of multi-actor multi-criteria exercises and the utility and reliability of their outcomes also deserve further investigation. This article seeks to fill this knowledge gap by proposing a conceptual framework and classification scheme that illustrates the different possible approaches for identifying the key elements of the multi-criteria problem (i.e. options, objectives/criteria, weights and scores), while dealing with different points of view. It also discusses the potential advantages, disadvantages and issues of each approach and ultimately defines the overarching factors that should orientate the selection of one specific approach over the others.
Clustering perceived learning environment as antecedents of willingness to communicate in a second language
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Bing , Wang Xinglong , Zhen Ling
Published: September 2022

This study was designed to explore patterns of student perceptions of second language (L2) classroom environments and the relationships between such perceptions and L2 willingness to communicate (WTC). A sample of 845 first-year undergraduate students of English as a foreign language (EFL) participated in the study and reported their perceptions of the L2 classroom environment and their WTC. Using cluster analysis, this study aggregated students’ perceptions of the classroom environment into four clusters: High support, Rapport, Input, and Low support classes. These four clusters of classes differed significantly in the student perceived support of interpersonal relationships and instructional input. A one-way ANOVA further showed that L2 WTC was positively related to student perceptions of interpersonal relationships and instructional input. More specifically, students’ positive perceptions of interpersonal relationships tended to facilitate WTC in meaning-focused activities, while students’ positive perceptions of instructional input tended to facilitate WTC in form-focused activities. This study finally proposed a model to depict perceived situation cues as antecedents (interpersonal relationship and instructional input) of L2 WTC. Implications for L2 instruction and learning were also discussed.
Putting the ‘presumption’ back in the ‘presumption of innocence’
Authors: Yu Forest
Published: September 2022

This article tackles the question: can the Presumption of Innocence (PoI) be a presumption? Whereas many criminal law theorists rejection such a notion, I draw inspiration from argumentation theorists and philosophers—in particular, Petar Bodlović and Edna Ullmann-Margalit—and argue in favour of it; indeed, argumentation theory often holds the PoI out as a paradigmatic presumption. My argument proceeds in three sections. I first show that criminal law theorists writing on the PoI have understood presumptions as evidentiary devices in the form of a modus ponens. On that understanding, the PoI cannot be a presumption. Attention is then drawn to the field of argumentation theory, which teaches us that there are other types of presumptions that are non-evidentiary, not in the form of a modus ponens, require a tentative commitment to q, and require an agent to proceed (act) as if q; viz practical presumptions. The PoI can be understood as such. Finally, it is argued that the PoI, insofar as it requires a tentative commitment to q (here, ‘the defendant is innocent’), can be thought of as a propositional imagining of q (ie, an agent presuming innocence is to propositionally imagine the defendant's innocence).
Getting people thinking and talking: An exploration of the Attorney General’s 2020 guidelines on disclosure
Authors: Griffiths Cerian
Published: September 2022

This article evaluates the recent Attorney General's Guidelines on disclosure in criminal cases. These Guidelines signal a further step away from adversarialism, towards an internally incoherent justice system which incorporates managerial characteristics, alongside increasing elements of inquisitorialism. Whilst still promoting the rhetoric of adversarialism, these changes have the potential to reconfigure the role of the suspect and the court in such a way as to circumvent the protections inherent in the adversarial system. This article considers two areas of the Guidelines, pre-charge engagement and the enforcement of a ‘thinking manner’ approach to the disclosure exercise. By considering these two expansive areas, a broader perspective of the Guidelines is taken in order to fully appreciate their significance. The impact of these newly minted Guidelines is not yet apparent, but this article postulates the potential longer-term ramifications of the changes and ultimately concludes that the Guidelines will result in further systemic incoherence which undermines suspect and defendant rights, and fundamentally reconstitutes courts as adjudicators of criminal investigations.
Investigation of the indoor environment of a passive house office building under cold climate in China
Authors: HE Yueer , HAN Fei , ZHAO Lingmin , LI Shuanggen
Published: September 2022

This study analyzed the applicability of the Passive House standard to office buildings in northern China from an indoor environment perspective. The case building has been auto-monitored continuously since 2017 and a survey for instantaneous and retrospective appraisal of indoor environmental conditions was administered in 2021 during the summer, winter and months in between, referred to as ‘transition months’. The results show that indoor environment quality was good, with high satisfaction levels and ultra-low energy consumption; overheating and the need for window opening were observed. The prevalence of sick building syndrome was reduced compared to conventional buildings. This work further determined how comfort parameters such as perceived thermal comfort, indoor air quality and acoustics could affect end-users’ appraisal. Findings show that indoor thermal comfort design parameters, particularly in summer, are critical factors affecting users' satisfaction in Passive Houses. We further examined the feasibility of the PMV-PPD index for predicting occupants’ perceived comfort and suggested deriving the preferred thermal comfort design parameters for the Chinese market, using long-term data and measurements. These findings provide insights into the localization of Passive Houses in China, thereby improving the acceptance of Passive Houses in what is expected to be a fast growing market.
An experimental investigation into the combustion stability and emissions of an n-butanol/diesel blended fueled partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) engine
Authors: Kumar Prem , Sandhu Sarbjot Singh
Published: September 2022

Higher cyclic variability in internal combustion engines (ICE) increases driveability problems, specific fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions. Consequently, quantification of the combustion stability in different combustion parameters is essential for the design of closed-loop control for a partially premixed combustion (PPC). This research examines the impacts of a PPC strategy on the spectral features of IMEP combustion parameters for early, and late injection timings of a 4-cylinder CRDI engine using wavelet transforms (WT). Furthermore, operating points were optimized based on the combustion and emissions characteristics of the partially premixed compression ignition engine. Results indicated that the early start of injection (SOI) timing of 12° CA BTDC has a lower standard deviation in the time-series data of IMEP than the late SOI timing. Moreover, when the amount of n-butanol in diesel fuel was increased from 0% to 20% at a load of 2 bar BMEP, COVIMEP decreased from 3.1% to 2.75% at early SOI timing. The WT results reveal that the continuous strong intensity band pattern changes irregularly when the injection timing is advanced. It was also found that at lower cyclic variability conditions (SOI = 12°CA BTDC), CO and smoke emissions decreased, and there was a noticeable increase in NOx emissions.
Optimizing the fuel efficiency of an opposed piston engine for electric power generation
Authors: Drallmeier Joseph A , Middleton Robert J , Siegel Jason B
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the optimal crankshaft motion for an opposed piston (OP) engine in a novel hybrid architecture to maximize fuel efficiency. The OP engine was selected for this work due to its inherent thermodynamic benefits and the balanced nature of the engine which can achieve downsizing through reducing the number of cylinders rather than the individual cylinder volume. The typical geartrain required on an OP engine was exchanged for two electric motors, reducing friction loss and decoupling the crankshafts. Using the motors to control the crankshaft motion profiles, this architecture introduces capabilities to dynamically vary compression ratio, combustion volume, and scavenging dynamics. To leverage these opportunities, an optimization scheme was developed utilizing nonlinear optimization of a 0-D model to compute the crankshaft motion profile that maximizes the work generated by the system. This optimization was then iteratively coupled with a high fidelity model which supplies the cylinder flow boundary conditions. This iterative approach reduces the model complexity used in the optimal control problem (OCP) while capturing the gas exchange dynamics critical to the 2-stroke cycle of the OP engine. By using the rate of change of motor torque as the input to the OCP, the torque fluctuation in a single cycle can be limited to ensure tracking feasibility. The results show crankshaft velocity slows during the compression stroke and conversely accelerates during the expansion stroke, reducing the peak motor torque required for control and thus reducing the motor losses. The extended residence time at top dead center, however, leads to an increase in heat transfer, illustrating the trade-off between the work extraction efficiency and the indicated engine efficiency.
Structural health monitoring data cleaning based on Bayesian robust tensor learning
Authors: Yi Letian , Ding Youliang , Hou Jiale , Yue Zixiang , Zhao Hanwei
Published: September 2022

Data cleaning is necessary to obtain high-quality monitoring data, which consists of two parts: anomaly identification and repair. A high-quality dataset is always used to repair data anomalies in current research, which may be difficult to obtain in practice because of the large number of data anomalies existing in real data. Besides, outliers, baseline shifts, and noise in dataset can lead to wrong missing restoration results. Therefore, the anomaly identification and location are needed to remove outliers, baseline shifts, and noise to regard the repair of these anomalies as missing data restoration. However, the identification of multiple data anomalies is time consuming and challenging. To this end, we propose a Bayesian robust tensor learning model to reconstruct the monitoring data tensor by extracting potential data features of the spatiotemporal tensor. A mixture of Laplace distribution with generalized inverse Gaussian distribution is used to model noise to enhance robustness. The tensor formed from the data containing anomalies can be input directly into the model without the identification and location of the data anomalies in advance. All data anomalies are repaired during the tensor reconstruction process. In addition, outliers, baseline shifts, and noise do not interfere with the missing restoration results owing to the robustness of the model. Furthermore, different cleaning strategies are proposed for dynamic and static response data. The data performance is verified using the real monitoring data of a concrete box girder bridge. The results show that the proposed method exhibits good data-cleaning performance when dealing with data containing a large number of data anomalies. In addition, as the abnormal rate increases, the proposed method still exhibits good data-cleaning performance.
Output-only structural damage localization for deepsea mining risers using cointegration analysis
Authors: Xu Mingqiang , Wu Wenkai , Wang Shuqing , Jiang Yufeng , Au Francis TK
Published: September 2022

Deepsea mining risers, which transport mineral resources from the seafloor to surface facilities, are critical components of deepsea mining systems. This article presents a novel cointegration-based method for localizing structural damage in risers subjected to random excitations from waves, currents, and moving floating facilities. Although the dynamic responses of a riser (usually consisting of multiple segments) are often nonstationary, those within an individual pipe segment often have synchronous fluctuations with a common trend, allowing the application of a multivariate time series analysis. Cointegration can thus be performed for a pipe segment by treating the internal responses as the endogenous variables and those of the other pipe segments as the exogenous variables. Consequently, a stationary cointegrating residual for the dynamic responses purged of the influence of nonstationary excitations can be obtained. The cointegrating residual in conjunction with a statistical hypothesis test scheme is used to create an output-only damage indicator. The effectiveness of the proposed damage localization method is demonstrated with a numerical and experimental multi-segment riser. The results indicate that the strain responses of both risers exhibit nonstationary fluctuations due to the changeable environmental excitations. As the proposed method is robust to the external loading, it can accurately identify the damage location.
Corrosion characterization of steel wires based on persistent homology theory for magnetostrictive guided wave testing signal
Authors: Duan Shuyu , Wu Xinjun , Zou Yiqing , Jiang Lijun
Published: September 2022

Corrosion of steel wires in cables is a frequent occurrence and is a major factor affecting the durability and safety of cables. Magnetostrictive guided waves have been employed to detect steel wire corrosion. However, due to the complexity of the geometry of the corrosion area, it is difficult to interpret the magnetostrictive guided wave testing signals. Hence, extracting features from testing signals to characterize the corrosion condition is a great challenge. This study proposes a topological feature for corrosion characterization of steel wire, which is extracted from the two-dimensional point cloud with optimal geometry structure of the testing signal based on persistent homology theory. Corrosion experiments were carried out on 30 galvanized steel wires. The experimental results indicate that the topological feature increases roughly linearly with the corrosion depth. Furthermore, compared to other features obtained from the time domain, frequency domain, and joint time–frequency domain, this topological feature can reflect the progression of corrosion more accurately.
Implementing integrative lighting in conventional office luminaires: Effects on melatonin secretion and sleepiness
Authors: Fostervold KI , Eilertsen DE
Published: September 2022

The discovery of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in the eye and their interaction with melatonin has shown that light has significant effects beyond vision. The present study compared the effect of an integrative lighting system, providing low-intensity melanopic illuminance with the effect of an ordinary, qualitatively equivalent, electric lighting system. The study utilised a 2 × 7 randomised mixed experimental design. The sample consisted of 13 women and 11 men. Salivary melatonin secretion and subjectively perceived sleepiness in the evening were measured every half hour during 3 hours of light exposure. The chronobiologic typology (stability and amplitude) and trait-like negative and positive affect were measured once and analysed as covariates. The results showed a general increasing linear effect for both melatonin and sleepiness. A significant nonlinear effect of time was present in the group exposed to integrative lighting, indicating delayed melatonin secretion. The findings were stable across all levels of the examined covariates. These results confirm that the integrative lighting system produces effects beyond vision under otherwise ordinary lighting conditions. Furthermore, the results corroborate research suggesting that melatonin secretion and sleepiness may not be directly linked. The integrative lighting system provides new opportunities to develop indoor electric lighting resembling daylight.
Trauma-Informed Approaches in the Context of Cancer Care in Canada and the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Davidson Cara A. , Kennedy Kelly , Jackson Kimberley T.
Published: September 2022

Cancer is predominantly understood as a physical condition, but the experience of cancer is often psychologically challenging and has potential to be traumatic. Some people also experience re-traumatization during cancer because of previous, non-cancer-related trauma, such as intimate partner violence or adverse childhood experiences. A trauma-informed approach to care (TIC) has potential to enhance care and outcomes; however, literature regarding cancer-related TIC is limited. Accordingly, the objective of this scoping review was to identify what is known from existing literature about trauma-informed approaches to cancer care in Canada and the United States. A scoping review (using Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework) was conducted. The PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Scopus databases, key journals, organizations, and reference lists were searched in February 2022. In total, 124 sources met the review criteria and 13 were included in the final review. Analysis included a basic descriptive summary and deductive thematic analysis using conceptual categories. Theorizations, applications, effectiveness, and feasibility of TIC were compiled, and gaps in TIC and recommendations for TIC were identified. TIC appeared to be growing in popularity and promising for improving cancer outcomes; however, gaps in the theorization, effectiveness, and feasibility of TIC persisted. Many recommendations for the application of TIC were not issued based on a strong body of evidence due to a lack of available literature. Further research is required to develop evidence-based recommendations regarding TIC related to cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis would be warranted upon literature proliferation.
Isolated Clones of a Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line Display Variation in Radiosensitivity Following Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Desai Rhea , Seymour Colin , Mothersill Carmel
Published: September 2022

Objective

To determine whether the width of the shoulder and the size of the bystander effect are correlated using clonal lineages derived from a cultured cell line.

Methods

HCT 116 (p53 wildtype) cells were grown at cloning density and individual viable colonies were picked off and grown to establish a series of cell lines from both unirradiated and irradiated progenitors. These cell lines were then irradiated to generate full survival curves. Highly variant clones were then tested to determine the level of the bystander effect using a medium transfer protocol.

Results

The multi-target model gave the best fit in these experiments and size of the shoulder n is assessed in terms of radiosensitivity. The parent cell line has an n value of 1.1 while the most variant clones have n values of 0.88 (Clone G) and 5.5 (Clone A). Clonal lines subject to irradiation prior to isolation differed in bystander signal strength in comparison to clonal lines which were not initially irradiated ( P = .055).

Conclusions

Based on these experiments we suggest there may be a link between shoulder size of a mammalian cell line and the strength of a bystander effect produced in vitro. This may have implications for radiotherapy related to out-of-field effects.
Mobilizing the clinical trial ecosystem to drive adoption of master protocols
Authors: Bronson Abby , Chase Marianne K , Fisher Kimberly , Millar Daniel , Perlmutter Jane , Richardson Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Master protocol studies typically use an overarching protocol to answer several questions by guiding a variety of sub-studies. These sub-studies can incorporate multiple diseases, therapies, or both. Although this innovative approach offers many benefits, including the ability to deliver clinical research that is more patient-centric and efficient, several common barriers curtail widespread adoption. The Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative (CTTI) convened industry representatives, regulatory agencies, patient groups, and academic institutions to identify emerging best practices and develop resources designed to help sponsors and other stakeholders overcome these challenges. We first identify some broad changes needed in the clinical trials ecosystem to facilitate mainstream adoption of master protocol studies, and we subsequently summarize CTTI’s resources designed to support this effort.
Sad and Absurd Representations of War in Gameplay and Interviews
Authors: Wästerfors David
Published: September 2022

There is a vivid interest in so-called epimilitary narratives of war that depart from heroic themes and zoom out from the armed forces. This article joins this direction by analyzing two variants of cultural narratives of the war in Bosnia-Hercegovina during the 1990s and the siege of Sarajevo: the videogame This War of Mine and Bosnian citizens’ personal stories told in qualitative interviews. Both variants portray war as an uncontrollable condition devoid of grand meanings, as an arena for survival skills and moral work rather than heroic deeds or moral tests, and as an object for detailed analysis rather than categorical positioning. To highlight this type of narrative across diverse manifestations may sensitize researchers to capture how the mundane and emotional content of war is articulated outside political scripts.
Integrating notational and positional analysis to investigate tactical behavior in offensive and defensive phases of football matches
Authors: Praça Gibson Moreira , Moreira Pedro Emílio Drumond , de Andrade André Gustavo Pereira , Clemente Filipe Manuel , de Oliveira Warlen Borges , Demétrio Giancarlo
Published: September 2022

Most literature has neglected the possible influence of game phase – offensive and defensive – on players’ and teams’ behaviors measured by positional data. Also, the combined effect of contextual variables – match period, match venue, and match outcome – and game phases has not been investigated yet. Therefore, this study aimed to integrate notational and positional analysis to investigate individual and collective tactical behavior in different game phases (offensive and defensive) in football matches under different contextual conditions. The sample comprised 18 matches played by 24 U-20 elite Brazilian athletes during the 2021 national championship. The authors designed a notational system to classify the start and the end of the offensive phase (and consequently, the defensive phase of the opposing team). The positional data was gathered through global positioning system devices and manually integrated with the notational analysis. Contextual variables comprised match period (first vs second halves), match venue (home vs away matches), and match outcome (win vs draw versus lose matches). Results showed significant differences between game phases, with a more spread tactical positioning observed in the offensive phase. Furthermore, interactions between contextual variables and the game phase were observed, although the game phase presented the highest impact on the dependent variables. We conclude that a more spread tactical positioning characterizes offensive behavior and that the impact of the game phase was higher than contextual variables on tactical behavior, which emphasizes the need for future studies to split positional data into attacking and defensive ones. Also, integrating notational and positional analysis are a viable alternative to enrich the data interpretation of football matches concerning the influence of game phases on players’ and teams’ behaviors.
Perceived color quality: The effect of light reflection brightness of a car’s exterior design on consumers’ purchase intentions
Authors: Kato Takumi
Published: September 2022

In industrial design, perceived quality is driven by color, material, and finishing (CMF). Extant literature on CMF in the automobile industry has primarily focused on hue. Accordingly, the present study focused on color brightness with the goal of assessing whether light reflection brightness of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) positively affects consumers’ purchase intentions due to an expectation of premium design. Additionally, it was hypothesized that light reflection brightness of compact cars would negatively affect consumers’ purchase intentions, as they would expect a cost-effective design. Subsequently, multiple car designs—with the same style but different levels of light reflection brightness—were created, and randomized controlled trials were conducted through an online research environment in Japan. The results confirmed the study hypotheses, indicating that while light reflection brightness of SUVs positively affected consumers’ purchase intentions, the same effect was not observed for compact cars. This suggests the importance of coherent embodiment based on product concepts. While some elements, such as safety and durability, are required in all products, compatibility with product characteristics needs to be examined for emotional elements, such as design.
Medical Malpractice Trends in Dacryocystorhinostomy and Orbital Decompression
Authors: Tang Dennis M , Goli Rachna , Higgins Thomas S , Ting Jonathan Y , Illing Elisa A , Wu Arthur W
Published: September 2022

Background and Objective

This study aims to evaluate the medicolegal trends related to 2 common orbital surgeries: orbital decompression and dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). These procedures are performed by ophthalmologists, otolaryngologists, and multidisciplinary teams of both specialists.

Methods

The Westlaw database was reviewed from 1980 to 2020 for medical malpractice cases involving orbital decompression and DCR surgeries. Data were compiled on plaintiff and defendant demographics, procedure performed, legal allegation, nature of injury, and verdict or settlement awards. The Ophthalmic Mutual Insurance Company was also queried for all malpractice cases pertaining to orbital decompression and DCR from 1995 to 2021.

Results

The Westlaw database included 60 cases (34 orbital decompression, 26 DCR); of these, 8 orbital decompression and 6 DCR cases met inclusion criteria. Of the 7 orbital decompression cases that were tried, a verdict in favor of the plaintiff occurred in 4 cases (57%). Of the 5 DCR cases that were tried, a verdict in favor of the plaintiff occurred in 2 cases (40%). A search of all claims at OMIC yielded 31 cases (15 orbital decompression, 16 DCR). 22 of 31 cases were either dismissed or resulted in no payment. The remainder was settled out of court, with only one case being tried and the verdict supporting the defendant.

Conclusion

Despite several thousand orbital decompressions and DCR surgeries being performed annually in the US, very few lawsuits involving these complex surgeries have gone to trial. However, of the cases that did go to trial, a relatively high proportion of verdicts for plaintiffs was observed.
Platelet Rich Plasma in the Repair of Articular Cartilage Injury: A Narrative Review
Authors: Liang Yinru , Li Juan , Wang Yuhui , He Junchu , Chen Liji , Chu Jiaqi , Wu Hongfu
Published: September 2022

Objective

This paper reviews the research of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in articular cartilage injury repair, to assess the mechanism, utilization, and efficacy of PRP in the treatment of articular cartilage injury, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of PRP in the future.

Materials and Methods

A comprehensive database search on PRP applications in cartilage repair was performed. Among them, the retrieval time range of PRP in clinical trials of repairing knee cartilage injury was from January 1, 2021 to January 1, 2022. Non-clinical trials and studies unrelated to cartilage injury were excluded.

Result

PRP can affect inflammation, angiogenesis, cartilage protection, and cellular proliferation and differentiation after articular cartilage injury through different pathways. In all, 13 clinical trials were included in the analysis.

Conclusion

PRP is an emergent therapeutic approach in tissue engineering. Most studies reported that PRP has a positive effect on cartilage injury, improving the joint function, meanwhile there is a lack of standardized standards. The technology of PRP in the repair and treatment of articular cartilage injury is worthy of further research.
A deep learning-based diagnostic tool for identifying various diseases via facial images
Authors: Attallah Omneya
Published: September 2022

With the current health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, patients have become more anxious about infection, so they prefer not to have direct contact with doctors or clinicians. Lately, medical scientists have confirmed that several diseases exhibit corresponding specific features on the face the face. Recent studies have indicated that computer-aided facial diagnosis can be a promising tool for the automatic diagnosis and screening of diseases from facial images. However, few of these studies used deep learning (DL) techniques. Most of them focused on detecting a single disease, using handcrafted feature extraction methods and conventional machine learning techniques based on individual classifiers trained on small and private datasets using images taken from a controlled environment. This study proposes a novel computer-aided facial diagnosis system called FaceDisNet that uses a new public dataset based on images taken from an unconstrained environment and could be employed for forthcoming comparisons. It detects single and multiple diseases. FaceDisNet is constructed by integrating several spatial deep features from convolutional neural networks of various architectures. It does not depend only on spatial features but also extracts spatial-spectral features. FaceDisNet searches for the fused spatial-spectral feature set that has the greatest impact on the classification. It employs two feature selection techniques to reduce the large dimension of features resulting from feature fusion. Finally, it builds an ensemble classifier based on stacking to perform classification. The performance of FaceDisNet verifies its ability to diagnose single and multiple diseases. FaceDisNet achieved a maximum accuracy of 98.57% and 98% after the ensemble classification and feature selection steps for binary and multiclass classification categories. These results prove that FaceDisNet is a reliable tool and could be employed to avoid the difficulties and complications of manual diagnosis. Also, it can help physicians achieve accurate diagnoses without the need for physical contact with the patients.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle among the Saudi population
Authors: Alhusseini Noara , Alammari Duaa , Ramadan Majed , Ziadeh Nada , Zyadeh Zineh , Alshamrani Jude , Qasim Hiba , Alamri Noura , Alqahtani Saleh A
Published: September 2022

Background:

During COVID-19, major change occurred in the governmental regulations to combat the pandemic. Lifestyle factors are changeable habits and routine behaviors with an impact on physical and mental health. With the pandemic, sudden and radical changes occurred in the lifestyle of people worldwide. The main purpose of the study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle factors including (dietary habits, physical activity, sleeping patterns, smoking, and alcohol use) among the Saudi population.

Design and methods:

This is a cross-sectional study on a convenient sample of adults residing in Saudi Arabia. An online survey was distributed via social media channels. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the distribution of demographic variables using Chi-square χ2 tests for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. Bowker test, and McNemar’s Test were performed to evaluate the effects of lockdown on lifestyle factors.

Results:

A total of 1051 participants were included in the study. There was a slight decrease in the overall diet score during the pandemic (14.98%) compared to before the pandemic (15.05%) ( p-value = 0.02), indicating poorer dietary intake during the lockdown. Approximately one-fourth of the participants (26.1%) reported following specific eating habits or a restricted diet during the pandemic ( p-value = 0.0001). There was increased consumption of most components of dietary intake categories, during the lockdown. An increase in physical activities for three or more times was reported. A higher proportion of respondents reported sleeping nine or more hours a day during the lockdown (10.8%). Similarly, a higher percentage of individuals reported smoking daily during the lockdown (12.2%). As of overall health status, higher percentage of respondents reported poor health status during lockdown (6.1%).

Conclusion:

This study revealed major changes in lifestyle factors, negative shifts were revealed in dietary habits and smoking patterns. Positive changes were shown in physical activity, drinking water, and sleeping patterns. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 played a major role in changing lifestyle factors among adults in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare providers and public health officials are encouraged to increase awareness of healthy lifestyle factors that strengthen the immune system to combat COVID-19. The Saudi population needs increased awareness programs about healthy lifestyles to be prepared during pandemics.
A Scoping Review of Postoperative Rehabilitation Protocols After Superior Capsular Reconstruction for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Zhang Kaibo , Xia Qinghong , Lai Sike , Li Jian , Fu Weili
Published: September 2022

Background:

Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) is an option for patients with massive or irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Purpose:

To describe the literature on rehabilitation protocols after SCR of rotator cuff tears, with emphasis on the timing of the introduction of motion.

Study Design:

Scoping review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We conducted a scoping review of articles published on PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to October 2020. The methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) was used to assess the individual studies. For each article, we summarized the study characteristics, patient demographics, and rehabilitation protocols after SCR: duration of immobilization, initiation of passive range of motion (ROM), active-assisted ROM, active ROM, strengthening, and return to activities. In a subgroup narrative analysis, rehabilitation protocols were stratified by graft type: autograft versus nonautograft (xenograft, allograft, and synthetic).

Results:

A total of 21 studies met the search criteria. Six studies had level 3 evidence and 15 had level 4 evidence; 16 studies were considered high quality according to the MINORS score. After SCR, an abduction immobilizer was recommended for a duration of 3 to 6 weeks. Of the 21 studies, 7 (33%) started passive ROM during the first week, and 5 reported strict immobilization without motion for up to 6 weeks. All 8 studies that reported return-to-sports timing recommended delaying return until at least 6 months postoperatively. Passive ROM was recommended earlier for patients with nonautograft versus autograft (χ2 = 225; P < .001). There was a high level of heterogeneity in the rehabilitation protocols after SCR.

Conclusion:

The majority of published protocols were descriptive. At present, there is little agreement on the published rehabilitation guidelines after SCR, precluding specific clinical best practice suggestions. Although there was a tendency of recommending early motion in nonautograft cases, the optimal protocols based on graft healing and functional outcomes require further verification based on the clinical outcomes from high-quality studies.
Participation Styles, Turn-Taking Strategies, and Marginalization in Intercultural Decision-Making Discourse
Authors: Williamson Josef
Published: September 2022

Marginalization in decision-making discourse results in disempowerment of the marginalized and detracts from the efficacy of participatory decision making. In ESL contexts, it is usually associated with English proficiency. But this view ignores the influence of preferences for different participation styles, an understanding of which is essential for the development of effective pedagogical remedies to the problem of marginalization. The present study addresses this gap by investigating discourse participation and marginalization from a participation styles perspective. Findings reveal that marginalization resulted from a failure to adopt turn-taking strategies associated with dominant participation styles. Implications for pedagogy are discussed.
Husband Involvement in Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health Care among Women who Have a Child Less Than one Year in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Kebede Azmeraw Ambachew , Gessesse Dereje Nibret , Tsega Nuhamin Tesfa , Aklil Mastewal Belayneh , Abegaz Marta Yimam , Anteneh Tazeb Alemu , Tibebu Nebiyu Solomon , Alemu Haymanot Nigatu , Haile Tsion Tadesse , Seyoum Asmra Tesfahun , Tiguh Agumas Eskezia , Yismaw Ayenew Engida , Mihret Muhabaw Shumye , Nenko Goshu , Wondie Kindu Yinges , Mesele Tiruye Tilahun , Taye Birhan Tsegaw , Temesgan Wubedle Zelalem
Published: September 2022

Background

Improving maternal, neonatal and child health is one of the major components of Sustainable Development Goal and countries implement different strategies to achieve this goal. In spite of this, maternal, neonatal and child mortality remains a public health burden in the developing countries, including Ethiopia. World Health Organization recommend active involvement of men during pregnancy, child birth and the postpartum period as an effective strategy to improve maternal as well as newborn health. Therefore, this study aimed to assess husband involvement in maternal, neonatal and child health care among women who have child less than one year in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 870 married women who have a child less than one year in Gondar city. A cluster sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was done and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to report the association between covariates and the outcome variable.

Results

Husband involvement in Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) care was 66.2% (95%CI: 63, 69.3). Maternal age (18-25years) and (26-35years), having diploma and above education, husband occupation (government employee), (merchant) and (self-employed), planned pregnancy and cesarean delivery were significantly associated with husband involvement in MNCH care.

Conclusion

In this study, nearly two thirds (66.2%) of women had husband involvement in MNCH care. Therefore, it is important to improve women's educational attainment and actions should be taken to prevent unplanned pregnancy.