bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fungal attack on archaeological wooden artefacts in the Arctic—implications in a changing climate
Authors: Pedersen Nanna Bjerregaard , Matthiesen Henning , Blanchette Robert A. , Alfredsen Gry , Held Benjamin W. , Westergaard-Nielsen Andreas , Hollesen Jørgen
Published: September 2020

Climate change is expected to accelerate the microbial degradation of the many extraordinary well-preserved organic archaeological deposits found in the Arctic. This could potentially lead to a major loss of wooden artefacts that are still buried within the region. Here, we carry out the first large-scale investigation of wood degradation within archaeological deposits in the Arctic. This is done based on wooden samples from 11 archaeological sites that are located along a climatic gradient in Western Greenland. Our results show that Ascomycota fungi are causing extensive soft rot decay at all sites regardless of climate and local environment, but the group is diverse and many of the species were only found once. Cadophora species known to cause soft rot in polar environments were the most abundant Ascomycota found and their occurrence in native wood samples underlines that they are present locally. Basidiomycota fungi were also present at all sites. In the majority of samples, however, these aggressive and potentially very damaging wood degraders have caused limited decay so far, probably due to unfavorable growth conditions. The presence of these wood degrading fungi suggests that archaeological wooden artefacts may become further endangered if climate change leads to more favorable growth conditions.
Suprabasin-null mice retain skin barrier function and show high contact hypersensitivity to nickel upon oral nickel loading
Authors: Nakazawa Shinsuke , Shimauchi Takatoshi , Funakoshi Atsuko , Aoshima Masahiro , Phadungsaksawasdi Pawit , Sakabe Jun-ichi , Asakawa Sanki , Hirasawa Noriyasu , Ito Taisuke , Tokura Yoshiki
Published: September 2020

Suprabasin (SBSN) is expressed not only in epidermis but also in epithelial cells of the upper digestive tract where metals such as nickel are absorbed. We have recently shown that SBSN level is decreased in the stratum corneum and serum of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients, especially in intrinsic AD, which is characterized by metal allergy. By using SBSN-null (Sbsn–/–) mice, this study was conducted to investigate the outcome of SBSN deficiency in relation to AD. Sbsn–/– mice exhibited skin barrier dysfunction on embryonic day 16.5, but after birth, their barrier function was not perturbed despite the presence of ultrastructural changes in stratum corneum and keratohyalin granules. Sbsn–/– mice showed a comparable ovalbumin-specific skin immune response to wild type (WT) mice and rather lower contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses to haptens than did WT mice. The blood nickel level after oral feeding of nickel was significantly higher in Sbsn–/– mice than in WT mice, and CHS to nickel was elevated in Sbsn–/– mice under nickel-loading condition. Our study suggests that the completely SBSN deficient mice retain normal barrier function, but harbor abnormal upper digestive tract epithelium that promotes nickel absorption and high CHS to nickel, sharing the features of intrinsic AD.
Brain mechanisms of eye contact during verbal communication predict autistic traits in neurotypical individuals
Authors: Jiang Jing , von Kriegstein Katharina , Jiang Jiefeng
Published: September 2020

Atypical eye contact in communication is a common characteristic in autism spectrum disorders. Autistic traits vary along a continuum extending into the neurotypical population. The relation between autistic traits and brain mechanisms underlying spontaneous eye contact during verbal communication remains unexplored. Here, we used simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging and eye tracking to investigate this relation in neurotypical people within a naturalistic verbal context. Using multiple regression analyses, we found that brain response in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and its connectivity with the fusiform face area (FFA) during eye contact with a speaker predicted the level of autistic traits measured by Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ). Further analyses for different AQ subclusters revealed that these two predictors were negatively associated with attention to detail. The relation between FFA–pSTS connectivity and the attention to detail ability was mediated by individuals’ looking preferences for speaker’s eyes. This study identified the role of an individual eye contact pattern in the relation between brain mechanisms underlying natural eye contact during verbal communication and autistic traits in neurotypical people. The findings may help to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of atypical eye contact behavior during natural communication.
Surgical hand hygiene and febrile urinary tract infections in endourological surgery: a single-centre prospective cohort study
Authors: Unno Rei , Taguchi Kazumi , Fujii Yasuhiro , Unno Naoko , Hamamoto Shuzo , Ando Ryosuke , Nakane Akihiro , Okada Atsushi , Kamiya Hiroyuki , Yasui Takahiro
Published: September 2020

Surgical hand hygiene reduces the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs). SSIs are not considered an issue in endourological surgery, whereas febrile urinary tract infections (f-UTIs) and urological sepsis are becoming problematic. We wondered whether surgical hand hygiene is necessary for endourological surgery. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of surgical hand hygiene on f-UTI onset in endourological surgery by comparing procedures in which surgical hand hygiene with double gloving was used with those in which regular hand hygiene with double gloving was used between April 2016 and July 2020. In this prospective cohort study of 477 patients who underwent endourological surgeries, surgeons in the surgical hand hygiene and regular hygiene groups performed surgery on 259 and 218 patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in patient background, and multivariate analyses revealed no significant differences in f-UTI onset (odds ratio, 0.87; p = 0.74) between the two groups. In conclusion, regular hand hygiene with double gloving may be considered an alternative to surgical hand hygiene to prevent endourological f-UTIs, which could alter operational protocols for endourological surgery. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of pre-exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV in men who have sex with men in South Korea: a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Choi Heun , Suh Jiyeon , Lee Woonji , Kim Jun Hyoung , Kim Jung Ho , Seong Hye , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Park Yoon Soo , Yeom Joon Sup , Kim Changsoo , Kwon Hee-Dae , Smith Davey M. , Lee Jeehyun , Choi Jun Yong
Published: September 2020

In February 2018, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea approved tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) co-formulate for use in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of PrEP in men who have sex with men (MSM), a major risk group emerging in Korea. A dynamic compartmental model was developed for HIV transmission and progression in MSM aged 15–64 years. With a combined model including economic analysis, we estimated averted HIV infections, changes in HIV prevalence, discounted costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). PrEP was evaluated in both the general MSM and high-risk MSM populations and was assumed to reduce infection risk by 80%. Implementing PrEP in all MSM would avert 75.2% HIV infections and facilitate a gain of 37,372 QALYs at a cost of $274,822 per QALY gained over 20 years relative to the status quo. Initiating PrEP in high-risk MSM with an average of eight partners per year (around 20% of MSM) would improve the cost-effectiveness, averting 78.0% HIV infections and add 29,242 QALYs at a cost of $51,597 per QALY gained, which is within the willingness-to-pay threshold for Korea of $56,000/QALY gained. This result was highly sensitive to annual PrEP costs, quality-of-life for people who are on PrEP, and initial HIV prevalence. Initiating PrEP in a larger proportion of MSM in Korea would prevent more HIV infections, but at an increasing cost per QALY gained. Focusing PrEP on higher risk MSM and any reduction in PrEP cost would improve cost-effectiveness.
Genome-wide association study for circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 and 23
Authors: Chuang Gwo-Tsann , Liu Pi-Hua , Chyan Tsui-Wei , Huang Chen-Hao , Huang Yu-Yao , Lin Chia-Hung , Lin Jou-Wei , Hsu Chih-Neng , Tsai Ru-Yi , Hsieh Meng-Lun , Lee Hsiao-Lin , Yang Wei-shun , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne , Hsiung Chia-Ni , Shen Chen-Yang , Chang Yi-Cheng
Published: September 2020

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 21 and 23 are recently identified hormones regulating metabolism of glucose, lipid, phosphate and vitamin D. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for circulating FGF21 and FGF23 concentrations to identify their genetic determinants. We enrolled 5,000 participants from Taiwan Biobank for this GWAS. After excluding participants with diabetes mellitus and quality control, association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with log-transformed FGF21 and FGF23 serum concentrations adjusted for age, sex and principal components of ancestry were analyzed. A second model additionally adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and a third model additionally adjusted for BMI and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were used. A total of 4,201 participants underwent GWAS analysis. rs67327215, located within RGS6 (a gene involved in fatty acid synthesis), and two other SNPs (rs12565114 and rs9520257, located between PHC2-ZSCAN20 and ARGLU1-FAM155A respectively) showed suggestive associations with serum FGF21 level (P = 6.66 × 10–7, 6.00 × 10–7 and 6.11 × 10–7 respectively). The SNPs rs17111495 and rs17843626 were significantly associated with FGF23 level, with the former near PCSK9 gene and the latter near HLA-DQA1 gene (P = 1.04 × 10–10 and 1.80 × 10–8 respectively). SNP rs2798631, located within the TGFB2 gene, was suggestively associated with serum FGF23 level (P = 4.97 × 10–7). Additional adjustment for BMI yielded similar results. For FGF23, further adjustment for eGFR had similar results. We conducted the first GWAS of circulating FGF21 levels to date. Novel candidate genetic loci associated with circulating FGF21 or FGF23 levels were found. Further replication and functional studies are needed to support our findings.
Magnetisation transfer ratio combined with magnetic resonance neurography is feasible in the proximal lumbar plexus using healthy volunteers at 3T
Authors: Yiannakas Marios C. , Schneider Torben , Yoneyama Masami , Aforlabi-Logoh Innocent , Prados Ferran , Ciccarelli Olga , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia A. M.
Published: September 2020

Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) has been used extensively to study pathological conditions affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS). However, tissue damage is assessed qualitatively with little information regarding the underlying pathophysiological processes involved. Magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) is a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging method which is sensitive to tissue macromolecular content and may therefore have an important role in the study of pathologies affecting the PNS. This study explored the feasibility of obtaining reliable MTR measurements in the proximal lumbar plexus of healthy volunteers using MRN to identify and segment each lumbar segment (L2–L5) and regions (preganglionic, ganglionic and postganglionic). Reproducibility of the MTR measurements and of the segmentation method were assessed from repeated measurements (scan-rescan), and from the reanalysis of images (intra- and inter-rater assessment), by calculating the coefficient of variation (COV). In all segments combined (L2–L5), mean (± SD) MTR was 30.5 (± 2.4). Scan-rescan, intra- and inter-rater COV values were 3.2%, 4.4% and 5.3%, respectively. One-way analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference in MTR between the preganglionic and postganglionic regions in all lumbar segments. This pilot study in healthy volunteers demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining reliable MTR measurements in the proximal lumbar plexus, opening up the possibility of studying a broad spectrum of neurological conditions in vivo.
Early vertebrate origin of CTCFL, a CTCF paralog, revealed by proximity-guided shark genome scaffolding
Authors: Kadota Mitsutaka , Yamaguchi Kazuaki , Hara Yuichiro , Kuraku Shigehiro
Published: September 2020

The nuclear protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) contributes as an insulator to chromatin organization in diverse animals. The gene encoding this protein has a paralog which was first identified to be expressed exclusively in the testis in mammals and designated as CTCFL (also called BORIS). CTCFL orthologs were reported only among amniotes, and thus CTCFL was once thought to have arisen in the amniote lineage. In this study, we identified elasmobranch CTCFL orthologs, and investigated its origin with the aid of a shark genome assembly improved by proximity-guided scaffolding. Our analysis employing evolutionary interpretation of syntenic gene location suggested an earlier timing of the gene duplication between CTCF and CTCFL than previously thought, that is, around the common ancestor of extant vertebrates. Also, our transcriptomic sequencing revealed a biased expression of the catshark CTCFL in the testis, suggesting the origin of the tissue-specific localization in mammals more than 400 million years ago. To understand the historical process of the functional consolidation of the long-standing chromatin regulator CTCF, its additional paralogs remaining in some of the descendant lineages for spatially restricted transcript distribution should be taken into consideration.
Pd nanoparticle growth monitored by DRIFT spectroscopy of adsorbed CO
Authors: Tereshchenko Andrei , Guda Alexander , Polyakov Vladimir , Rusalev Yury , Butova Vera , Soldatov Alexander
Published: September 2020

Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering are known in situ probes of metal nanoparticles (NPs).
A practical pH-compatible fluorescent sensor for hydrazine in soil, water and living cells
Authors: Yan Huming , Huo Fangjun , Yue Yongkang , Chao Jianbin , Yin Caixia
Published: September 2020

The excellent water solubility of hydrazine (N2H4) allows it to easily invade the human body through the skin and respiratory tract, thereby damaging human organs and the central nervous system.
Three-dimensional Bi2O3/Ti microspheres as an advanced negative electrode for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Kumar S. Arun , Mohanty Ankita , Saravanakumar Balasubramaniam , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay Kumar , Ramadoss Ananthakumar
Published: September 2020

Binder-free 3D architecture materials were used as electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors. The device exhibited a more optimal electrochemical performance, which was probably due to the greater surface area and ordered porous nature.
Engineering macrocyclic high performance pentagonal bipyramidal Dy(iii) single-ion magnets
Authors: Canaj Angelos B. , Dey Sourav , Wilson Claire , Céspedes Oscar , Rajaraman Gopalan , Murrie Mark
Published: September 2020

We highlight the vast synthetic scope for macrocyclic engineering of magnetic anisotropy, generating a high performance pentagonal bipyramidal Dy(iii) single-ion magnet where the weak equatorial ligand field is created entirely by using a macrocycle.
Targeted copper supplementation oriented theranostic for fluorescence and 19F NMR detection of tumors
Authors: Li Zan , Guo Taiyu , Lu Jiao , Yang Zhen , Zhang Miaomiao , Geng Zhirong , Wang Zhilin
Published: September 2020

Targeted copper delivery endows M985 with the capacity of detecting cancer cells in the fluorescence and 19F NMR mode.
Self-derivation-behaviour of substrates realizing enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Derun , Pan Zhongqin , Tao Han , Li Jiachen , Gu Weishi , Li Baotong , Zhong Chenglin , Jiang Qiyu , Ye Changqing , Zhou Qingwen
Published: September 2020

Taking advantage of the self-derivation-behaviour of the substrate, we have developed a strategy for preparing efficient and self-standing OER electrodes with autologous catalyst-support features.
Chemical epitaxy of π-phase cubic tin monosulphide
Authors: Abutbul Ran E. , Golan Yuval
Published: September 2020

Epitaxial thin films of cubic tin monosulfide (π-SnS), a recently discovered new binary phase, were deposited from solution on GaAs substrates and on GaAs with intermediate PbS layers.
pH-Dependent absorption spectrum of oxyluciferin analogues in the active site of firefly luciferase
Authors: de Almeida Barbosa Nuno Manuel , Gosset Pauline , Réal Eléonore , Ledentu Vincent , Didier Pascal , Ferré Nicolas
Published: September 2020

pH-Induced changes in the UV-visible absorption spectrum of oxyluciferin analogues in luciferase are experimentally and computationally investigated using three different oxyluciferin analogues.
Disclosing the behavior under hydrostatic pressure of rhombohedral MgIn2Se4by means of first-principles calculations
Authors: Boukri Khaled , Ouahrani Tarik , Badawi Michael , Demmouche Kamel , Franco Ruth , Recio J. Manuel
Published: September 2020

The rhombohedral layered MgIn2Se4undergoes a pressure-induced phase transition to an inverse spinel one, loses its van der Waals interactions, and becomes more covalent.
Gigantic work function in layered AgF2
Authors: Wegner Wojciech , Tokár Kamil , Lorenzana Jose , Derzsi Mariana , Grochala Wojciech
Published: September 2020

The calculated work function of a powerful oxidizer, AgF2, is 7.76 eV, thus exceeds even that of fluorinated diamond. This unusual property could be used for fabrication of novel junction electronic devices showing ‘‘broken-gap’’ type band alignment.
Monitoring technical lignin partition in aqueous/alcohol biphasic systems according to pH: influences of the molecular structure and solvent characteristics
Authors: Schmetz Quentin , Muzyka Claire , Berchem Thomas , Richel Aurore
Published: September 2020

This study deals with the comprehension of lignin partition in biphasic systems constituted of an alkaline aqueous phase containing dissolved lignin and a non-miscible alcohol phase.
Size analysis of large-sized gold nanoparticles using single particle ICP-mass spectrometry
Authors: Yamashita Shuji , Miyake Akira , Hirata Takafumi
Published: September 2020

The analytical size range of nanoparticles are expanded toward a larger region using polyatomic ions.
Needle-free delivery of fluids from compact laser-based jet injector
Authors: Krizek Jan , De Goumoëns Frédéric , Delrot Paul , Moser Christophe
Published: September 2020

We present a needle-free jet injection from the minimally invasive device. The actuation mechanism is based on optical cavitation by a laser pulse transported via optical fibre.
Correction: Ambient condition-processing strategy for improved air-stability and efficiency in mixed-cation perovskite solar cells
Authors: Asuo Ivy M. , Gedamu Dawit , Doumon Nutifafa Y. , Ka Ibrahima , Pignolet Alain , Cloutier Sylvain G. , Nechache Riad
Published: September 2020

Correction for ‘Ambient condition-processing strategy for improved air-stability and efficiency in mixed-cation perovskite solar cells’ by Ivy M. Asuo et al., Mater. Adv., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0ma00528b.
Stabilization of reduced copper on ceria aerogels for CO oxidation
Authors: Pitman Catherine L. , Pennington Ashley M. , Brintlinger Todd H. , Barlow Daniel E. , Esparraguera Liam F. , Stroud Rhonda M. , Pietron Jeremy J. , DeSario Paul A. , Rolison Debra R.
Published: September 2020

Copper photodeposited on ceria aerogel yields reduced Cu that binds CO; CO conversion is high when combined with O2-activating CeO2.
Improving and fine-tuning the properties of peptide-based hydrogels via incorporation of peptide nucleic acids
Authors: Giraud Tristan , Bouguet-Bonnet Sabine , Marchal Philippe , Pickaert Guillaume , Averlant-Petit Marie-Christine , Stefan Loic
Published: September 2020

Incorporation of peptide nucleic acids into peptide sequences provides new opportunities to improve and fine-tune peptide self-assembly properties.
A visible-light-responsive TaON/CdS photocatalytic film with a ZnS passivation layer for highly extraordinary NO2 photodegradation
Authors: Yan Dandan , Wei Tingting , Fang Wencheng , Jin Zhanbin , Li Fengyan , Xia Zhinan , Xu Lin
Published: September 2020

The TaON/CdS/ZnS film displayed a highly efficient NO2 photodegradation rate under visible light irradiation and possessed remarkable recyclability for NO2 degradation.
Designing 2D–2D g-C3N4/Ag:ZnIn2S4 nanocomposites for the high-performance conversion of sunlight energy into hydrogen fuel and the meaningful reduction of pollution
Authors: Gao Yu , Qian Kun , Xu Baotong , Ding Fu , Dragutan Valerian , Dragutan Ileana , Sun Yaguang , Xu Zhenhe
Published: September 2020

The generation of hydrogen-based energy and environmental remediation using sunlight is an emerging topic of great significance for meeting the ever-growing global need.
Tough biomimetic films for harnessing natural evaporation for various self-powered devices
Authors: Yang Tian , Yuan Honglin , Wang Sitong , Gao Xuhan , Zhao Huhu , Niu Pengying , Liu Beibei , Li Bo , Li Huanjun
Published: September 2020

The biomimetic films with ionic crosslinking design feature excellent mechanical properties in both dry and wet states, which could be used as actuators, soft robots, and generators powered by natural water evaporation without external power input.
Magnetron sputtering enabled synthesis of nanostructured materials for electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Wang Fengyi , Zhao Haitao , Liang Jie , Li Tingshuai , Luo Yongsong , Lu Siyu , Shi Xifeng , Zheng Baozhan , Du Juan , Sun Xuping
Published: September 2020

This review summarizes the research progress of magnetron sputtered nanostructured electrode materials for EES, providing illustrations of how to rationally design and optimize electrode materialsviamagnetron sputtering technology.
Heart failure and the glutathione cycle: an integrated view
Authors: Bachhawat Anand K. , Yadav Shambhu , Jainarayanan Ashwin K. , Dubey Pratiksha
Published: September 2020

Heart failure results from the heart's inability to carryout ventricular contraction and relaxation, and has now become a worldwide problem. During the onset of heart failure, several signatures are observed in cardiomyocytes that includes fetal reprogramming of gene expression where adult genes are repressed and fetal genes turned on, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. In this short review and analysis, we examine these different phenomenon from the viewpoint of the glutathione cycle and the role of the recently discovered Chac1 enzyme. Chac1, which belongs to the family of γ-glutamylcyclotransferases, is a recently discovered member of the glutathione cycle, being involved in the cytosolic degradation of glutathione. This enzyme is induced during the Endoplasmic Stress response, but also in the developing heart. Owing to its exclusive action on reduced glutathione, its induction leads to an increase in the oxidative redox potential of the cell that also serves as signaling mechanism for calcium ions channel activation. The end product of Chac1 action is 5-oxoproline, and studies with 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH), an enzyme of the glutathione cycle has revealed that down-regulation of OPLAH can lead to the accumulation of 5-oxproline which is an important factor in heart failure. With these recent findings, we have re-examined the roles and regulation of the enzymes in the glutathione cycle which are central to these responses. We present an integrated view of the glutathione cycle in the cellular response to heart failure.
Fast and robust approaches for lane detection using multi‐camera fusion in complex scenes
Authors: Xiong Hui , Yu Dameng , Liu Jinxin , Huang Heye , Xu Qing , Wang Jianqiang , Li Keqiang
Published: September 2020

Due to the limited sensing ability with the single‐view camera and the real‐time requirement for multi‐view scenarios or deep learning‐based methods in complex scenes, the output of lane detection is not applicable for the actual lane departure warning system. To tackle this challenge, the authors propose a fast and robust approach for lane detection based on well‐designed multi‐camera fusion, integrating vanishing point estimation, and specified feature fitting strategies. To meet real‐time demand, several simple but effective image processing means are introduced and improved. Concretely, on account of statistical information, the authors’ method carries out an improved region of interest selection to speed up the detection. Afterwards, they used the B‐spline fitting lane line on the strength of the RANdom SAmple consensus algorithm for the front view image detection and improved the Hough algorithm for the two rear‐view images correspondingly. Using coordinate conversion and self‐designed fusion strategy, they get the robust lane information based on symmetrical lane detection from the left/right sides of both front and side views. Experimental results in newly introduced multi‐camera scenarios show that their multi‐camera fusion framework contributes to significant improvement in accuracy and robustness in comparison with traditional methods.
« C’est nous qui punissons. ». Quels enjeux d’un discours muséal sur les prisons ?
Authors: Basso Fossali Pierluigi , Thiburce Julien
Published: September 2020

Dans le cadre de l’exposition internationale et itinérante Prison, co-produite par le Musée International de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant- Rouge de Genève, le musée des Confluences de Lyon et le Deutsches Hygiene-Museum de Dresde, des institutions muséales élaborent un discours sur les pratiques carcérales dans l’espace occidental contemporain, à l’attention d’un large public. Pour ces institutions, il s’agit de gérer les connaissances et les sensibilités des publics auxquels elles s’adressent, à travers la constitution d’un parcours d’exposition selon une trame narrative tissée par une diversité de médiations et de textes. En nous situant dans le premier axe du congrès, nous articulons une perspective sémiotique aux perspectives de l’analyse des interactions et de l’analyse du discours pour étudier les enjeux socio-pragmatiques de ce discours en espace muséal. Nous nous focalisons sur l’interprétation d’une phrase qui tient presque le rôle de fronton dans cette exposition Prison : « C’est nous qui punissons. ». Nous nous attardons de manière privilégiée sur les formes d’engagement instaurées à travers cet énoncé, aussi bien pour les institutions que pour les publics.
Morphologie vs syntaxe dans le repérage de relations conceptuelles en corpus spécialisés : étude comparée de Nvolcanique(s)vs N [structure lexico-syntaxique] volcan dans un corpus de volcanologie
Authors: Condamines Anne
Published: September 2020

Cet article s’intéresse à la possibilité d’utiliser les adjectifs relationnels pour repérer une relation conceptuelle entre nom tête et nom base en corpus spécialisé. Il porte sur l’étude systématique et comparée de tous les [Nvolcanique(s)] méronymiques et de toutes les structures [N marqueur lexicosyntaxique méronymiquevolcan(s)] dans un corpus spécialisé sur la volcanologie d’environ 800 000 mots. A partir des résultats de cette étude, l’auteur tire les premières conclusions sur les avantages et inconvénients dans l’utilisation des deux types de marqueurs.
Les expressions idiomatiques dans le journal Le Monde diplomatique : analyse des valeurs expressives et contextuelles des traductions français-croate
Authors: Grčić Simeunović Larisa , Krpina Matea , Pecman Mojca
Published: September 2020

La fonction des expressions idiomatiques, en tant qu’unités de la langue servant à exprimer des images de la réalité correspondant à des situations dites stéréotypes et clichés, leur accorde une force expressive qui fait d’elles l’allié privilégié des journalistes. Les expressions idiomatiques sont des lexicalisations de valeurs d’une langue-culture et souvent elles se prêtent difficilement à une traduction dans une langue cible avec les mêmes valeurs. Cette étude s’appuie sur la notion de valeur pour distinguer la double valeur des expressions idiomatiques : leur valeur expressive (qui leur accorde une place spécifique dans le système de la langue) et leur valeur contextuelle (leur sens dans le discours). Elle a été réalisée à l’aide du corpus parallèle franco-croate du journal Le Monde diplomatique, qui s’inscrit dans des contextes culturels et politiques spécifiques et sous-entend une approche interculturelle de la traduction. Les résultats de l’étude portent sur l’analyse des stratégies employées pour traduire des expressions idiomatiques avec le but de démontrer dans quelle mesure la difficulté qu’elles présentent amène le traducteur à se concentrer soit sur leur valeur expressive dans le système de la langue source soit sur leur valeur contextuelle exprimée dans le discours. Les analyses présentées dans cette étude se focalisent, par conséquent, sur l’analyse des rapports entre les structures linguistiques et discursives des expressions idiomatiques dans la version bilingue français-croate, en tenant compte de leurs aspects dénotatifs et connotatifs.
Qui dit Noël dit cadeaux : modèle, variation et idées conventionnelles
Authors: Koga Kentaro
Published: September 2020

Cette recherche vise à donner une description sur l’usage de la construction du type qui dit X dit Y en français d’aujourd’hui, en analysant des données observées dans des corpus et sur internet. Dans la première partie, nous nous intéresserons à la structure interne de la construction. Dans cette séquence, nous pouvons constater une certaine liberté de modification, alors que certains constituants semblent figés. Afin d’expliquer cette cohabitation entre la partie figée et la partie libre, il est nécessaire de supposer un modèle de composition dont certaines cases sont préalablement spécifiées. Ensuite, afin de connaître la nature de la combinaison lexicale pour les cases X et Y, nous analyserons les données attestées sur internet. En ce qui concerne la structure interne observée, il est intéressant de noter les trois points suivants : 1) le pronom relatif qui sans antécédent est très rare en français contemporain, sauf dans la construction qui dit X dit Y ; 2) les insertions d’adverbes sont possibles, notamment ceux de certitude ou d’ajout et 3) la combinaison lexicale XY dépend largement des idées considérées comme conventionnelles, ce qui reflète l’aspect socio-culturel de la langue.
Le schwa final en français standard est-il un « lubrifiant phonétique » ?
Authors: Hutin Mathilde , Jatteau Adèle , Vasilescu Ioana , Lamel Lori , Adda-Decker Martine
Published: September 2020

Le schwa est une voyelle faible ou réduite notée [ә] alternant avec zéro et restreinte aux syllabes non-accentuées. En français standard, il peut faire surface à l’intérieur ou en fin de mot. Nous proposons ici une étude du schwa final de mot exclusivement, en particulier par le prisme de la question du schwa final en tant que « lubrifiant phonétique » (Purse 2019). Le schwa final est-il réellement un lubrifiant ? Joue-t-il seulement un rôle sur le plan exclusivement phonétique ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons utilisé trois très grands corpus du français (plus de 110 heures de discours) pour établir la présence du schwa final selon les contraintes phonotactiques (la loi des trois consonnes, Grammont 1894) et le style de parole, mais aussi son rôle sur les phénomènes d’adjacence de bas niveau que sont le dévoisement final et l’assimilation régressive de voisement en français standard. Nous concluons que le schwa final est en effet corrélé au nombre de consonnes dans la séquence, et au style de parole ; de surcroît, sa présence est significativement corrélée à beaucoup moins d’effets d’adjacence – comme s’il jouait le rôle de bouclier, facilitant l’adéquation entre forme de surface et forme sous-jacente.
Caractéristiques phonétiques de l’environnement phonétique des disfluences typiques du bégaiement : le cas de locuteurs français
Authors: Gbedahou Dodji , Hirsch Fabrice
Published: September 2020

Cette étude s’inscrit dans la continuité de nos travaux antérieurs portant sur les disfluences typiques du bégaiement. En effet, les recherches menées sur la nature des sons disfluents en parole spontané et en description d’images ont révélé que ce sont essentiellement les voyelles antérieures, les voyelles de grande aperture et les voyelles nasales qui posent le plus de problème aux personnes qui bégaient (désormais PQB) en français. En ce qui concerne les consonnes, les sujets testés présentaient des disfluences significativement plus importantes sur les consonnes non-voisées et les post-alvéolaires. Cette nouvelle étude vient donc compléter cette dernière en abordant l’environnement phonétique des sons disfluents. L’objectif de ce travail est de définir les traits articulatoires des sons qui composent l’environnement phonétique des phonèmes ayant été bégayés. Pour y parvenir nous avons utilisé des enregistrements audios réalisés auprès de locuteurs bègues francophones du Togo pendant une activité de description d’images. Les résultats mettent en évidence que les consonnes qui viennent avant et après une consonne disfluente ne sont pas forcément de même nature. Certaines catégories de sons augmenteraient le risque de bégaiement s’ils se placent avant ou après une consonne. Mots clés : Bégaiement, parole, phonétique
Le processus de révision en production écrite de textes par des étudiants francophones dyslexiques
Authors: Mazur-Palandre Audrey , Chenu Florence
Published: September 2020

Une des difficultés mentionnées par les étudiants dyslexiques est la production de textes (Mazur-Palandre, Abadie et Bedoin, 2016). Chez les sujets neurotypiques, les processus orthographiques s’automatisent progressivement avec l’expérience (Berninger et Swanson, 1994), ce qui permettrait – si on se place dans le cadre de la théorie de la capacité pour la production écrite (McCutchen, 1996) - d'affecter davantage de ressources à des processus de niveau supérieur, tels que la révision. Chez les individus dyslexiques, les processus orthographiques sont peu automatisés, et ce même à l’âge adulte ce qui peut donc impacter la production textuelle (Fayol et Miret, 2005). Cette étude vise à analyser les productions écrites d’étudiants dyslexiques et contrôles afin de voir de quelle manière la révision diffère entre les deux groupes d’étudiants. Les étudiants ont été invités à produire des textes écrits, collectés par le biais d’une tablette graphique et du logiciel Eye and Pen©, permettant d'observer la temporalité de l’activité d’écriture, dont les révisions. Les résultats indiquent que les étudiants dyslexiques et contrôles ne diffèrent guère quant à la quantité et les types de révision, ce qui suggère que les étudiants dyslexiques ont mis en place des stratégies. Néanmoins, des analyses complémentaires nuancent les résultats en montrant des différences entre les deux groupes.
Étudier les représentations des prisons au musée, entre sémiotique des pratiques et analyse des interactions
Authors: Thiburce Julien , Lascar Justine , Colón de Carvajal Isabel
Published: September 2020

Les musées constituent le lieu de pratiques et l’objet d’études d’une diversité de disciplines en sciences sociales. De manière privilégiée, les recherches menées en muséographie portent sur la confrontation entre les dispositifs scénographiques et l’expérience des visiteurs, entre les médiations qui tendent à garantir la prise sur l’exposition et les actions des visiteurs par lesquelles s’ajustent des savoirs et des sensibilités. À partir d’une perspective en sciences du langage, on problématise la constitution de données audiovisuelles de visites guidées pour l’étude des représentations des prisons en contexte muséal, dans le cadre d’un projet en partenariat avec le MICR (Genève), le Musée des Confluences (Lyon) et le Mémorial national de la prison Montluc (Lyon). Après avoir présenté les questions qui se sont imposées dans la prise en compte des spécificités de ces trois sites, on argumente la pertinence d’une méthode transversale à la sémiotique des pratiques et à l’analyse des interactions pour le recours aux vidéos dans un matériau d’enquête plus vaste.
Wenn die Welt ins Wanken gerät – Vestibuläre Rehabilitationstherapie bei Schwindel
Authors: Mayer Ina
Published: September 2020

Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen sind Symptome vieler Erkrankungen. Sie wirken sich auf sämtliche Lebensbereiche der Betroffenen aus und beeinflussen ihr Betätigungsverhalten. Die Vestibuläre Rehabilitationstherapie kann dabei helfen, Beschwerden zu lindern und Lebensqualität zurückzugewinnen.
Die Rolle der Ernährung im Sport
Authors: Mosler Stephanie
Published: September 2020

Zur optimalen Sportlernahrung gibt es viele Ratgeber und Mythen. Braucht man wirklich Superfood? Was isst man nach dem Wettkampf? Wie sieht der Speiseplan nach dem Training aus? Und kann man mit der richtigen Auswahl der Nahrungsmittel die Regeneration unterstützen? Diese und andere Fragen beantwortet Ernährungswissenschaftlerin Stephanie Mosler.
Sprung ins kalte Wasser – Schulalltag während der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Haedicke Lisa
Published: September 2020

In letzter Zeit mussten Therapeuten durch die Corona-Krise einiges an Flexibilität beweisen. Doch auch der Alltag an den Schulen bot Herausforderungen. Lisa Haedicke teilt ihre Erfahrungen als Dozentin und berichtet, welche Lehren sie und ihre Kollegen aus der Notlage gezogen haben.
Smartphone-basierte Ersthelferalarmierung – Auswertung der Alarmierungsdaten aus 7 Mobile-Retter-Regionen
Authors: Stroop Ralf , Hensel Mario , Kerner Thoralf
Published: September 2020

Ziel der Studie Mit dem Mobile-Retter-System (MR-System) wurde 2013 bundesweit erstmalig die Smartphone-basierte Alarmierung qualifizierter Ersthelfer zur Optimierung des Outcomes nach präklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand eingeführt. Hier sollen Unterschiede in MR-Alarmierungen und Rekrutierungen im regionalen Vergleich aufgezeigt werden.

Methodik Retrospektive Auswertung von Effizienzparametern aus 7, zwischen 2013 und 2018 implementierten MR-Regionen. Analyse mit dem Chi-Quadrat-Test nach Pearson.

Ergebnisse Es fanden sich signifikante Unterschiede in der Alarmierungsfrequenz und der Einsatzübernahmequote zwischen den Regionen. MR waren mehrheitlich der Feuerwehr (39,5%) oder dem Rettungsdienst (26,7%) zugehörig. Im Vergleich zu Daten des Statistischen Bundesamtes über bundesweite Qualifikationsgruppen fanden sich Pflegekräfte (7,8%) unterrepräsentiert. Unter den Stichworten, für die eine Mobile-Retter-Alarmierung erfolgte, waren „Bewusstseinsstörung“, „Patient tot“ oder „Reanimation“ führend.

Schlussfolgerung Es zeigten sich z. T. deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den MR-Regionen bezüglich Alarmierungen und Rekrutierungsstrategien. Es existiert noch ein relevantes Rekrutierungspotenzial für die Mobilen Retter.
Pd-Catalyzed Functionalization of Aryl Amines on a Soluble Polymer Support
Authors: Marques M. Manuel B. , Santos A. Sofia
Published: September 2020

Herein we report the use of a soluble polymer support PEG-2000 on Pd-catalyzed reactions to improve the functionalization of aromatic amines and the synthesis of N-heterocycles. Compatibility of metal-catalyzed reactions for assembling privileged structures such as functionalized anilines were studied. PEG-supported anilines were found to be suitable substrates for Pd-catalyzed N-arylation, Sonogashira and Heck reactions. PEGylated substrates were prepared in yields up to 94%. This work consists on a proof of concept on the use of PEGylated anilines on Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Indole core was attained in 82% and 62% yields, via two different routes.
Umpolung Reactions of α-Tosyloximino Esters in a Flow System
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Hachiya Iwao , Ota Kazuki , Fukumoto Shinya , Iwase Taiki , Mizota Isao
Published: September 2020

An umpolung reaction of α-tosyloximino esters in a flow system is disclosed. Tandem N,N-dialkylations with two different Grignard reagents gave the desired N,N-dialkylated products in moderate to good yields. In addition, a tandem N,N,C-trialkylation of an α-tosyloximino ester with three different Grignard reagents has been successfully achieved to afford the desired N,N,C-trialkylated product in moderate yield.
COVID-19 and Venous Thromboembolism: A Meta-analysis of Literature Studies
Authors: Di Minno Alessandro , Ambrosino Pasquale , Calcaterra Ilenia , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, leading in some cases to a critical condition with poor long-term outcomes and residual disability requiring post-acute rehabilitation. A major concern in severe COVID-19 is represented by a concomitant prothrombotic state. However, contrasting data are available about the prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). A detailed search on the association of COVID-19 with thromboembolic complications was conducted in the main electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The weighted mean prevalence (WMP) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated with the random-effects model. Twenty studies enrolling 1,988 COVID-19 patients were included. The WMP of VTE was 31.3% (95% CI: 24.3–39.2%). The WMP of DVT was 19.8% (95% CI: 10.5–34.0%), whereas the WMP of PE was 18.9% (95% CI: 14.4–24.3%). Similar results were obtained when specifically analyzing studies on patients admitted to intensive care units and those on patients under antithrombotic prophylaxis. Regression models showed that an increasing age was associated with a higher prevalence of VTE (Z-score: 3.11, p = 0.001), DVT (Z-score: 2.33, p = 0.002), and PE (Z-score: 3.03, p = 0.002), while an increasing body mass index was associated with an increasing prevalence of PE (Z-score = 2.01, p = 0.04). Male sex did not impact the evaluated outcomes. The rate of thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients is definitely high. Considering the risk of fatal and disabling complications, adequate screening procedures and antithrombotic strategies should be implemented.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity and Cognitive Impairment among Patients Attending the Rural Noncommunicable Disease Clinic
Authors: Mehra Aseem , Sangwan Garima , Grover Sandeep , Kathirvel Soundappan , Avasthi Ajit
Published: September 2020

Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment and psychiatric morbidity among the patients attending the rural noncommunicable disease clinic after controlling for various confounders (i.e., psychological morbidity, obesity, gender, level of education, duration of the illness and age).

Materials and Methods One-hundred twenty-four patients were evaluated on the Hindi Mental State Examination for the cognitive function, Physical Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 for anxiety disorders.

Results About one-fourth (26.6%) of the participants had cognitive impairment. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was more among patients with hypertension (35.5%) as compared with the diabetes mellitus (13.6%) and those with comorbid hypertension and diabetes mellitus (26.6%). About one of the participants had depression (35.5%) and 29% of the patients had anxiety disorder. No significant difference was found in the level of cognitive deficits between those with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, when the confounding factors were not taken into account in the analysis. However, after controlling for psychiatric morbidity, obesity, gender, level of education, duration of the illness and age, those with hypertension were found to have significantly higher level of cognitive impairment compared with those with diabetes mellitus. A higher level of dysfunction was seen in the domains of orientation, registration, attention, recall, language, and visuospatial domains.

Conclusion Present study suggests that patients of hypertension have higher level of cognitive impairment, when compared with those with diabetes mellitus, even after controlling for various confounders. Lack of difference between the two groups can be accounted by the confounding variables.
Characteristics of Newborns Born to SARS-CoV-2-Positive Mothers: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Farghaly Mohsen A.A. , Kupferman Fernanda , Castillo Fiorella , Kim Roger M.
Published: September 2020

Objective The novel virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a terrifying pandemic. The range of illness severity among children is variable. This study aims to assess the characteristics of newborns born to SARS-CoV-2-positive women compared with those mothers who tested negative.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study performed at Brookdale Hospital Medical Center in New York City from March to May 2020. Electronic medical records of mother–baby dyads were reviewed.

Results Seventy-nine mothers tested for SARS-CoV-2 were included, out of which 18.98% of mothers tested SARS-CoV-2 positive. We found a significant association between symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 status. We observed a significant association between newborns of SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative mothers regarding skin-to-skin contact (p < 0.001). Both groups showed significant differences regarding isolation (p < 0.001). Interestingly, regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in newborns, only one newborn tested SARS-CoV-2 positive and was unstable in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). With the multivariable logistic regression model, babies of SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers were three times as likely to have desaturations in comparison to newborns from negative mothers. Also, newborns of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers were four times more likely to have poor feeding, compared with newborns of SARS-CoV-2-negative mothers. Finally, babies of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers were ten times more likely to be symptomatic at the 2-week follow-up.

Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 has caused major morbidity and mortality worldwide. Neonates born to mothers with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 are most of the time asymptomatic. However, neonatal critical illness due to SARS-CoV-2 is still a possibility; thus, isolation precautions (such as avoiding skin-to-skin contact and direct breastfeeding) and vertical transmission should be studied thoroughly. In addition, testing these newborns by nasopharyngeal swab at least at 24 hours after birth and monitoring them for the development of symptoms for 14 days after birth is needed.

Key Points