bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência de aspectos prosódicos na compreensão da linguagem oral e da leitura
Authors: Hickmann Adolfo Antonio , Dos Santos Fussek Marini , Kirchner Guimarães Sandra Regina
Published: June 2019

Este estudo objetivou investigar a influência de aspectos prosódicos na compreensão da linguagem oral e a relação entre esta compreensão e a compreensão da leitura. Participaram 79 alunos de 7 a 11 anos, sendo 39 do 3º ano e 40 do 5º ano do ensino fundamental. As provas aplicadas mostraram que, na compreensão da escuta, as crianças mais novas e com menor nível de escolaridade foram mais dependentes dos aspectos prosódicos. Os alunos mais velhos e com maior escolaridade apresentaram melhor desempenho na compreensão leitora (Cloze). Confirmou-se uma relação entre a compreensão oral e a compreensão da leitura entre os alunos dos anos iniciais.
As políticas de avaliação da educação básica e o trabalho docente
Authors: Maués Olgaíses Cabral
Published: June 2019

O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as políticas de avaliação da educação básica estabelecidas a partir dos anos 1990, com aprofundamento nos anos 2000, bem como as repercussões no trabalho docente e na prática pedagógica, o que pode levar a uma uniformização das ações e realizar um estreitamento curricular. Procura-se demonstrar a influência que vem sendo exercida sobre os professores, que são impingidos a alcançar as metas estipuladas externamente, discutindo-se o sentido de responsabilização que esses profissionais vêm sofrendo.
Asia's Experience in the Quest for a Regional Human Rights Mechanism
Authors: Chiam Sou
Published: June 2019

The article outlines the development of a regional human rights charter in Asia.  The article provides an historical overview of the efforts made to establish a charter, concluding that after fourteen UN workshops Asia still has not established any human rights mechanism.  However, the author notes that some encouraging progress has been made.  The article also identifies factors present in Asia that have hindered progress in establishing a regional mechanism and concludes with an outlook on how to proceed.
Why do we Need a Pacific Regional Human Rights Commission?
Authors: Jalal Imrana P
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the need for a Pacific regional human rights mechanism. The author favours a regional human rights commission established by a Pacific human rights charter. The article canvasses previous attempts to set up a regional mechanism and explains why these initiatives failed. Advantages of a regional mechanism are explained, with an emphasis on the Pacific region's need for a common initiative. Finally, practical challenges and strategies involved in implementing a regional human rights mechanism are explored.
A Pacific Human Rights Mechanism: Specific Challenges and Requirements
Authors: Hay Kathryn
Published: June 2019

This article examines several key challenges that face Pacific leaders and other stakeholders in their consideration of a regional human rights mechanism, including the important question whether a regional mechanism is at all necessary. The article draws mainly on material from six interviews with participants from the Pacific region working in government and academia to examine those key challenges. The article closes with some suggested requirements in order for a regional human rights mechanism to be effective in the Pacific.
Conversion of Intangible Property: A Modest, but Principled Extension? A Historical Perspective
Authors: Shaw Susannah Leigh Kan
Published: June 2019

This article examines whether an expansion to the tort of conversion to cover intangible property is warranted. In the 2007 case of OBG Ltd v Allan (OBG), the majority of the House of Lords held in favour of retaining the rule that only tangible property may be subject to an action in conversion, while the minority argued that expansion of the tort is necessary based on principle, the history of conversion and developments in other jurisdictions. The OBG decision is set in its historical context through an analysis of the origins and extensive history of the tort of conversion. The article concludes there is nothing in the history of the tort that stands in the way of expansion to cover cases of interference with intangible interests, and argues that such an extension would be a welcome development in the New Zealand context.
Pregnancy Following Failed Sterilisation Under the Accident Compensation Scheme
Authors: Moinfar Yasmin
Published: June 2019

This paper analyses the approach that is taken in New Zealand in determining coverage for pregnancies following failed sterilisations under the accident compensation scheme. The approach adopted in the recent decision of the Court of Appeal in ACC v D is criticised and an alternative approach for determining whether such claims ought to be within the accident compensation scheme is suggested.
A Bitter Pill to Swallow: Portugal's Lessons For Drug Law Reform in New Zealand
Authors: McCaffrey Hugh
Published: June 2019

On 1 July 2001, Portugal decriminalised all drugs, replacing criminal sanctions with administrative ones. Portugal's decriminalisation policy focused on individual possession and use of drugs. It was thought that possession and use would be best dealt with outside of the criminal process. In New Zealand, the Law Commission is revisiting the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975. The author seeks to analyse the first two terms of reference: whether the legislative regime should reflect the principle of harm minimisation underpinning the National Drug Policy; and the most suitable model or models for the control of drugs. This paper examines the principles around the criminalisation of possession and use of drugs. In particular, it examines the experience of Portugal, some eight years after decriminalisation. It is argued that New Zealand should adopt a policy of harm minimisation and that the model Portugal presents ought to be seriously considered as a possibility for New Zealand reform.
New Zealand Lost Cases: Case Note: R v Margaret Reardon
Authors: Simpson Megan
Published: June 2019

This note considers the case of R v Margaret Reardon. The case is of historical importance as she was the only woman to ever be sentenced to transportation in New Zealand. She was involved in three Supreme Court cases during 1848; as victim, witness and accused. Her case is indicative of how women were dealt with by the courts in the early colony.
New Zealand Lost Cases: Case Note: R v E Hipu
Authors: Dorsett Shaunnagh
Published: June 2019

This note considers the 1845 decision of the Supreme Court of New Zealand in E Hipu. E Hipu was the first decision of the Supreme Court to apply those provisions of the Native Exemption Ordinance which allowed a fine to be substituted for imprisonment in cases of theft. The Native Exemption Ordinance was a significant mechanism in the early colony by which criminal law was modified in its application to Maori, and was crucial to the framing of Crown-Maori relations.
Tutti Fratelli? Perspectives and Challenges for International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Keith Kenneth J
Published: June 2019

This article is based on addresses given in The Hague, Wellington and Auckland in 2009 to mark the 150th anniversary of the beginnings of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Out of a dreadful day of war, the Battle of Solferino, was born a great humanitarian institution which later became the International Committee of the Red Cross. The author discusses seven matters from the early years of the organisation: first was the importance of simple humanity; second was the principle of non-discrimination; third was a positive obligation to collect and care for the wounded and sick; fourth was about the rights and responsibilities of the individuals involved in warfare; fifth was the importance of getting peace agreements before hostilities began; sixth was establishing of national societies for the relief for the wounded before the same; and finally, the law was inherently humanitarian in nature. The author then discusses the implementation of international humanitarian law, arguing for two main methods: education and training programmes, and compliance through negotiation with governments. The author stresses the importance of adhering to laws during times of warfare by emphasising the values on which the law is based.
The Red Cross and the Geneva Conventions – 60 Years On
Authors: Red Cross NZ
Published: June 2019

2009 marked the 60th anniversary of the Geneva Conventions, but the issues in the Conventions remain as relevant today given today's humanitarian challenges. The basic notion of the Conventions focuses on the life and dignity of the individual. There is also ongoing relevance in contemporary conflicts in regulating international armed conflicts and the conditions of detention. The article then discusses the current challenges relating to the Conventions, including the protection of health workers and the conduct of hostilities. The authors conclude that international entities alone cannot ensure respect for the Conventions, calling for broad and ongoing vigilance and commitment of national governments, armed forces, and armed groups.
Foreword: Global and Regional Perspectives on International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Costi Alberto
Published: June 2019

This article serves as a foreword to this special issue of the Victoria University of Wellington Law Review which brings together a number of global and regional perspectives on international law ('IHL') in commemoration of some of the most significant events marking the emergence and development of what is still a relatively recent yet dynamic branch of international law. The author provides a brief history of the international community and the contributions of Henry Dunant of the International Committee of the Red Cross. The article then provides a brief overview of the papers presented in this issue, noting that the papers reflect on various aspects of a body of law in constant evolution, as well as acknowledging the challenges associated with the implementation of IHL.
John James Meikle and the Problem of the Wrongly Convicted: An Enquiry into the History of Criminal Appeals in New Zealand
Authors: Finn Jeremy
Published: June 2019

This article investigates the development of the law governing of appeals in criminal cases in New Zealand, and the substantial though neglected history of agitation for recourse for the wrongly convicted. It uses as a lens the story of John James Meikle, a farmer convicted of sheep stealing in 1887, who later successfully prosecuted the principal prosecution witness for perjury, successfully petitioned Parliament for compensation, was the subject of a Royal Commission into his conviction and, uniquely, was declared innocent by an Act of Parliament in 1908. Meikle's case was one of several highly publicised cases in the period 1880-1910 which demonstrated serious shortcomings in the law and led to parliamentary and public calls for reform. By 1910, calls for enactment of legislation on the lines of the Court of Criminal Appeal (established 1907) received wide supporting in parliament and from the judiciary. The article concludes by looking at the reasons why, despite this level of consensus, reform legislation was delayed until 1945.
Land, Death and Dower in the Settler Empire: the Lost Cause of "The Widow's Third" in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand
Authors: Macdonald Charlotte
Published: June 2019

Exploration of dower right or the 'widow's third' in 1840s-70s New Zealand provides an additional perspective on marriage and property history to the better known story of  late 19thC married women's property reform. New Zealand practice broadly followed the curtailed dower history of the 1833 Dower Act (England) with further acceleration driven by the desire to rapidly disencumber land title in order to free property in land for easy sale and exchange. Several dower cases are traced, revealing the circumstances of widows in the social and economic fabric of colonial communities. Debates in the settler parliament in the 1870s reveal increasingly divergent set of understandings around land as property, about inheritance and a concern for the situation of women within, but not beyond, marriage.
What Makes a "Leading" Case
Authors: Richardson Sir Ivor
Published: June 2019

The theme developed in the paper is that what makes a leading case is not immediately apparent or able to be captured in a short definition. The crucial questions are how and why a case is seen to be or to have been particularly influential in settling an area of the law. Exploring these questions necessarily involves viewing the case in its historical context. Economic and behavioural implications and impacts should also be kept in mind.The paper draws on empirical research involving retired judges, experienced lawyers and judges' clerks and on specialist essays by senior academic lawyers produced for the 50th anniversary conference of the Court of Appeal in 2008. The research results show how much room there is for differing assessments of significance. The second half of the paper discusses a range of appeal cases explaining how and why the Court focussed on particular matters of significance in deciding the cases.
Menengiç ve tespih çalısının mevsimlere ve otlanan bitki kısımlarına göre yem kalitesinin belirlenmesi
Authors: DÖKÜLGEN Hasan , TEMEL Süleyman
Published: June 2019

Akdeniz bölgesi kırsal kesimde yaşayan
halkın en önemli geçim kaynaklarından biri küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliğidir.
Bu coğrafyada yetişen pek çok çalı ve ağaç türleri ruminatlar için önemli yem
kaynağı durumundadır. Diğer taraftan otlayan hayvanlardan maksimum performans
elde edebilmek için tercih edilen türlerin otlatma zamanı ve kapasitesinin
doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bunu sağlamanın yollarından bir
tanesi otlanan çalı ve ağaç türlerin mevsimlere göre yem kalite özelliklerinin
belirlenmesidir. Ayrıca küçükbaş hayvanlar otlarken çalı türlerinin sadece
yapraklarını değil, ince sürgün+yapraklarını da birlikte otlamaktadırlar. Bu
bilgiler ışığında 2014 yılında Menengiç (Pistacia terebinthus L.)ve Tespih
çalısı (Styrax
officinalis L.)’nın yaprak ve
yaprak + sürgünlerin ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar dönemlerindeki besin
içeriğini ortaya koymak için bu çalışma planlanmıştır. Araştırma Kilis
makiliklerinde, tesadüf bloklarında faktöriyel düzenlemeye göre, 4 tekrarlamalı
olarak kurulmuş ve bitki örneklerinde; HP, NDF, ADF, ADL, KMS, SE, ME ve NYD
belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; yem tipleri arasında (HP, NDF ve NYD
hariç) incelemeye alınan besin değerleri önemsiz bulunurken, türler (HP hariç)
ve dönemler arasında, önemli farklılıklar görülmüştür. Türler arasında tespih
çalısının, menengiç bitkisine göre daha yüksek yem kalitesine sahip olduğu
belirlenmiştir. En yüksek yem değeri, ilkbaharda belirlenmiş ve bunu sırasıyla
yaz ve sonbahar dönemleri takip etmiştir. Otlanan kısımlar açısından yapraklar,
yaprak+sürgünlerden daha yüksek HP ve NYD, daha düşük NDF oranına sahip
olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, ilave bir yem takviyesine gerek duyulmadan, her iki
türün, ilkbahar ve yaz dönemlerinde otlatılmasının uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Ayrıca, çalıların sadece yapraklarını
otlayan hayvanların daha yüksek bir hayvansal performansa ulaşabileceği ortaya
konmuştur.
Aydın ilinde yetiştirilen ticari çilek çeşitlerinin fiziksel, kimyasal, biyoaktif ve aroma özellikleri
Authors: GÖRGÜÇ Ahmet , YILDIRIM Aslı , KONUK TAKMA Dilara , ERTEN Edibe Seda , YILMAZ Fatih Mehmet
Published: June 2019

Aydın ili, çilek
yetiştiriciliğinde ve ihracatında ülkemizde Mersin’den sonra ikinci sıradadır.
Bu çalışma kapsamında, Aydın sınırları içerisinde yoğun şekilde yetiştiriciliği
yapılan ve en çok ihracatı gerçekleştirilen ticari çilek çeşitlerinin fiziksel,
kimyasal, biyoaktif ve aroma özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, ticari
hasat olgunluğundaki Florida fortuna,
Rubygem ve Sabrina çilek çeşitlerine toplam kuru madde, pH, toplam asitlik,
renk, C vitamini, toplam fenolik madde, toplam flavonoid, antioksidan kapasite,
HPLC ile şeker kompozisyonu ve GC-MS ile aroma kompozisyonu analizleri
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde Rubygem çeşidinin en yüksek kuru madde içeriğine sahip olduğu; Sabrina çeşidinin ise daha asidik
karakteristiğe sahip olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Sabrina
çeşidinin koyuluk, kırmızı renk ve sarı renk yoğunluklarının diğer iki çeşide
kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu da belirlenmiştir. Biyoaktif madde içerikleri ve
antioksidan kapasite yönünden Rubygem
çeşidinin ön plana çıktığı anlaşılmaktadır. Rubygem
çeşidi çileğin daha düşük miktarda sakaroz içerdiği; toplam şekerin büyük
oranda indirgen şekerlerden (glikoz ve fruktoz) oluştuğu saptanmıştır. GC-MS
ile aroma kompozisyonu analiz sonuçlarına göre Florida Fortuna, Sabrina ve Rubygem
çeşitlerinde sırasıyla 16, 18 ve 20 adet uçucu bileşen tanımlanmış ve genel
olarak meyve kokusu veren esterlerin tüm çileklerde etken bileşen olduğu
gözlemlenmiştir.
Hereford ırkı sığırlarda stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gen polimorfizmi
Authors: NERGİS Hazniye , KONCAGÜL Seyrani , KİRAZ Selahaddin
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmada,
Hereford ırkı sığır populasyonunda Stearoyl CoA Desaturase (SCD) gen
polimorfizmi belirlenmiştir. SCD geni ekson V bölgesi gen dizi bilgilerine göre
A702G, T762C ve C878T tek nükleotid polimorfizmleri (SNP) tespit edilmiştir.
A702G bölgesinde AA, AG ve GG genotiplerinin frekansları sırasıyla; %20.69,
44.83 ve 34.45, T762C bölgesinde TT, TC ve CC genotiplerinin frekansları
sırasıyla; %13.79, 62.07 ve 24.14, C878T bölgesinde CC, CT ve TT genotiplerinin
frekansları sırasıyla; %44.83, 31.03 ve 24.14 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bununla
beraber, A702G bölgesinde A ve G allel frekansları 0.431 ve 0.569, T762C
bölgesinde T ve C allel frekansları 0.448 ve 0.552, C878T bölgesinde C ve T
allel frekansları 0.603 ve 0.397'dir. Ayrıca ilgili SNP’ler bakımından
populasyonun Hardy-Weinberg dengesinde olmadığı belirlenmiştir (P>0.05).
Pemanfaatan Sosial Media Sebagai Bentuk Inovasi, Strategi Komunikasi dan Kreatifitas Layanan di Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Utomo Endhar Priyo
Published: June 2019

Nowadays social media has become a lifestyle of some Indonesian people and libraries as one of the institutions that provide information services and providers of information sources for users. In addition to the phenomenon of the use of social media as mentioned above, in several studies on the use of social media in libraries it was found that at present there has begun to be growing awareness from libraries to use social media as a form of innovation from services provided by libraries to visitors. In this study trying to analyze the use of social media as a form of innovation, communication strategies and service creativity in the college library. The method used is descriptive analysis. In order for the use of social media in the library to be more optimal, there are several things that must be considered. Optimizing the use of social media in libraries needs to be done so that all available information can be conveyed properly.
Vulnerabilizing Young People
Authors: Brunila Kristiina , Mertanen Katariina , Tiainen Katariina , Kurki Tuuli , Masoud Ameera , Mäkelä Kalle , Ikävalko Elina
Published: June 2019

This essay is about the ethos of vulnerability, young people, and policies and practices related to youth support systems in Finland. Our aim is to scrutinize the alliance of the ethos of vulnerability and neoliberal rationality as well as its outcomes in terms of support systems and young people from various backgrounds. In the end, we take our analysis further to see how this alliance is associated with education and how it works by de-politicising, narrowing, and individualizing education toward a new kind of highly tailored precision education governance.
The Impacts of Principal Turnover
Authors: Bartanen Brendan , Grissom Jason A. , Rogers Laura K.
Published: June 2019

Nationally, 18% of principals turn over each year, yet research has not yet credibly established the effects of this turnover on student and teacher outcomes. Using statewide data from Missouri and Tennessee, we employ a difference-in-differences model with a matched comparison group to estimate arguably causal effects. We find that principal turnover lowers school achievement by .03 SD in the next year, on average. Effects vary by transition type, with larger negative effects for transfers to other schools but no or even positive later effects of demotions of (presumably lower-performing) principals. Principal turnover also increases teacher turnover, but this does not explain the drop in student achievement. Replacement with an experienced successor can largely offset negative principal turnover effects.
Systolic Blood Pressure Responses in Relation to Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Young Adults
Authors: Uchechukwu Dimkpa , Blessing Okoye Chinelo , Maduka Stephen O. , Chinweuba Uchefuna Roy , Njideka Njoku-Oji Nancy , Bright Uneze
Published: June 2019

Background: We aimed to assess systolic blood pressure (SBP) responses in relation to the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels of apparently healthy, young Nigerian adults during and after a submaximal-effort exercise test.

Methods: One hundred and twelve young adults (62 males and 50 females) participated in the study and were grouped according to their CRF levels—low, moderate, and high. The participants performed submaximal ergometer exercise tests to elicit exercise and postexercise blood pressure responses.

Results: Males and females with high CRF indicated significantly (P < 0.05) higher change of exercise SBP at peak exercise (ΔEx·SBPpeak), and post-SBP decline compared with the other CRF groups. In addition, higher (P < 0.05) ΔEx·SBP2min and faster SBP recovery time were observed in the high CRF group compared to low CRF group. Females with high CRF had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher peak oxygen pulse and energy expenditure compared with the lower CRF groups. There was a very low incidence of abnormal SBP responses among the study population.

Conclusion: Greater exercise SBP responses, an indication of higher cardiac output due to greater metabolic demand, and faster SBP recovery were observed in participants with a high CRF compared with the other CRF groups. These findings suggest that regular exercise which maintains a higher CRF in young Nigerian adults may be related to a healthy SBP exercise response.
Utility of Mobility in Post Open-Heart Surgery Patients: A Pilot Trial
Authors: Beck Alan M. , Morgan Dalton
Published: June 2019

Background: As the role of the clinical exercise physiologist expands, early mobility is an area of potential focus. A rural Midwestern intensive care unit began a mobility program alongside its open-heart surgery program. The mobility specialist, who was trained as a clinical exercise physiologist, was tasked to ambulate the open-heart surgery patients. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effectiveness of a mobility specialist on ambulation frequency and distance on post open-heart surgery patients.

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively for 1 month on ambulation frequency and distance to determine the mobility specialist's impact on the variables.

Results: Data was collected on 18 patients (15 male, 3 female) over the month. Overall, when the mobility specialist was present, patients ambulated further (M = 421 feet versus 189 feet, P = 0.039) and more often (M = 3.32 versus 1.43 ambulations per day, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: In this study, having a mobility specialist with a background in exercise physiology led to more frequent and distant ambulation. Therefore, a mobility specialist should be considered an integral member of a multidisciplinary clinical team in rural intensive care units.
PENDERITAAN MENURUT KITAB AYUB- ELVHYN BURA EWANAN
Authors: sampe nelia
Published: June 2019

Ujian dan penderitaan yang dialami yang di alami oleh Ayub itu tidak membuatnya putus asa untuk tetap berserah kepada Tuhan . Penderitaan merupakan salah satu bagian dalam realitas hidup manusia. Dalam pengertian theologis, penderitaan dikaitkan dengan keadilan dan kekuasaan Allah atas seluruh tatanan dunia dan atas ciptaannya.dan Ayub adalah seorang laki-laki yang tinggal di tanah Us. Dan hidup pada masa nenek moyang bangsa Israel (Abraham,Ishak, Yakub).
penderitaan menurut kitab ayub-Oktafiani Dewi
Authors: Layuk Rombe
Published: June 2019

penderitaan adalah situasi dasar yang membingungkan dan berbahaya yang dialami mansusia. Tidak seorang pun yang mampu melarikan diri dari kehidupan tanpa mengalami pendeeritaan, meskipun banyak dipenuhi obsesi dengan upaya-upaya untuk melanjutkannya. Penderitaan adalah komdisi kehidupan yang mendominasi dan sulit dijelaskan standar dari kehidupan kita. Di “tempat pertemuan” inilah Allah dan manusia bertemu. Di sini kita bertemu satu sama lain di dalam kemanusiaan, dan yang lebih penting Allah menemui kita
User involvement in the development of patient decision aids: A systematic review
Authors: Vaisson Gratianne , Provencher Thierry , Dugas Michele , Trottier Marie-Eve , Dansokho Selma Chipenda , Colquhoun Heather , Fagerlin Angela , Giguere Anik , Hakim Hina , Haslett Lynne , Hoffman Aubri , Ivers Noah Michael , Julien Anne-Sophie , Legare France , Renaud Jean-Sebastien , Stacey Dawn , Volk Robert , Witteman Holly
Published: June 2019

Background: Multiple guidelines recommend involving patients and stakeholders in developing patient decision aids; however, best practices have yet to be identified. User-centered design is a well-established approach for engaging users in developing tools. We aimed to compile reports of patient decision aid development, using a user-centered design framework to synthesize evidence of existing practices and identify potential opportunities for improvement.Methods: We conducted searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, the ACM library, IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar. We included articles describing (1) at least one development step of a patient decision aid, (2) at least one development step of user- or human-centered design of another patient-centered tool, and/or (3) evaluation of included decision aids and other patient-centered tools. Two analysts independently screened for inclusion, assessed study quality, and extracted data.Results: We included 623 articles describing 390 projects: 325 patient decision aid projects and 65 user-centered design projects. Fifty percent of patient decision aid projects reported involving users in at least one development step for understanding users, 35% in at least one development step for developing/refining the prototype and 84% in at least one development step for directly or indirectly observing prospective users’ interaction with the prototype. User-centered design projects reported 91%, 49% and 92%, respectively. Seventy-four percent of patient decision aid projects reported iterative development processes with median 3 development cycles (interquartile range 2-4); 92% of user-centered design projects reported iterativity, with median 3 development cycles (interquartile range 2-3). Sixty-six percent of patient decision aid projects and 89% of user-centered design projects reported preliminary evaluations such as usability testing or feasibility testing.Conclusions: We identified 3 key opportunities for improving the user-centeredness of patient decision aid development: involving users earlier to understand their needs, goals, strengths, limitations, context and intuitive processes; asking about and observing users’ interactions with developing versions of the decision aid; and reporting changes between iterative cycles. Additionally, developers of patient decision aids and other patient-centered tools may wish to more often involve patients, clinicians and other users in co-design of prototypes and in formal advisory or partnership roles.
Conspiración del silencio en el proceso de muerte, el opio de la conciencia
Authors: Garcia Mikel Garcia
Published: June 2019

El artículo presenta reflexiones del autor, basadas en su experiencia clínica, como investigador y personal, sobre el morir y la atención al muriente. Se denuncia la situación general de muerte indigna a lo largo de algunas décadas en las que sólo cambian las formas. Se profundiza en el uso de los analgésicos, la morfina. Se apuntan modos de transformar la realidad actual y se concluye con una hipótesis de corte junguiano.
Adaptive Navigation Support: A Literature Review of Its Application and Implication in Learning Process
Authors: Hamzah Almed , Irianto Kurniawan D.
Published: June 2019

The use of technology has been widely used for many people in every aspect of life and become part of daily activities in recent years. One of technology application is in the learning and education process. Adaptive Navigation Support (ANS) is a method and part of a hypermedia study that can boost the performance of students by using the benefit of technology. With ANS, students are able to make the learning process more interesting as the learning material relatively corresponds to their knowledge and preferences. Furthermore, ANS can guide students in finding their paths and ways in hyperspace based on student requirements, goals, and characteristics. Therefore, ANS has caught many researchers attention in their studies to improve student skills and performance in the learning process. Many papers, discussed in ANS, have been published over the last decade, however, no one has studied the ANS in a comprehensive way. This paper is a literature review in ANS and its application as well as its implication in the learning process. There are fourty-nine papers as its source of analysis. Our findings show that the applications of ANS can be classified into four dimensions, such as platform, use case, impact, and process. These classifications are based on the study of ANS applications and implications over the last decade.
Langkah Awal Konstruktif Bagi Pengusaha Pemula
Authors: Kusumawati Nur
Published: June 2019

Langkah Awal Konstruktif Bagi Pengusaha Pemula yaitu Cintai Apa yang Kamu Lakukan, Ambil Langkah Kecil Nyata, Berikan Motivasi Diri, fokus dan Mendidik Diri Sendiri Setiap Hari.
From Disability to Usability in Online Instruction
Authors: deMaine Susan David
Published: June 2019

106 Law Libr. J. 531 (2014). This article is a primer on the work needed to ensure accessibility in online instruction. It discusses different disabilities, reviews relevant laws and standards, and explores the relationship between accessibility and the principles of universal design. The article introduces a number of best practices for creating accessibility in online instruction.
Bridging the Divide? Theories for Integrating Competition Law and Consumer Protection
Authors: Huffman Max
Published: June 2019

6 European Competition Journal 7 (2010)
Perfectionism in the transition to university: Comparing diathesis-stress and downward spiral models of depressive symptoms
Authors: Levine Shelby L. , Milyavskaya Marina
Published: June 2019

Transitioning to university may be especially difficult for students who expect perfection from themselves. Self-critical perfectionism has consistently been linked to poor mental health. The current study compares a diathesis-stress and a downward spiral model, to determine why self-critical perfectionism is detrimental for mental health during this transition. First-year students (N=658) were recruited prior to beginning university in August and contacted again in October, January, and April. Participants completed measures on perfectionism, stress and depressive symptoms. Evidence was found for a downward spiral model with self-critical perfectionism, but not a diathesis-stress model. Students higher in self-critical perfectionism were more likely to experience increased stress and depressive symptoms in a circular and additive manner. Conversely, students higher in personal standards perfectionism experienced less stress and subsequent depressive symptoms. This research provides a theoretical model for why self-critical perfectionism is related to poor mental health outcomes which become sustained over time.
Not All Who Ponder Count Costs: Arithmetic Reflection Predicts Utilitarian Tendencies, but Logical Reflection Predicts both Deontological and Utilitarian Tendencies
Authors: Byrd Nick , Conway Paul
Published: June 2019

Conventional sacrificial moral dilemmas propose directly causing some harm to prevent greater harm. Theory suggests that accepting such actions (consistent with utilitarian philosophy) involves more reflective reasoning than rejecting such actions (consistent with deontological philosophy). However, past findings do not always replicate, confound different kinds of reflection, and employ conventional sacrificial dilemmas that treat utilitarian and deontological considerations as opposite. In two studies, we examined whether past findings would replicate when employing process dissociation to assess deontological and utilitarian inclinations independently. Findings suggested two categorically different impacts of reflection: measures of arithmetic reflection, such as the Cognitive Reflection Test, predicted only utilitarian, not deontological, response tendencies. However, measures of logical reflection, such as performance on logical syllogisms, positively predicted both utilitarian and deontological tendencies. These studies replicate some findings, clarify others, and reveal opportunity for additional nuance in dual process theorists’ claims about the link between reflection and dilemma judgments.
Consciousness, Metacognition, & Perceptual Reality Monitoring
Authors: Lau Hakwan
Published: June 2019

I introduce an empirically-grounded version of a higher-order theory of conscious perception. Traditionally, theories of consciousness either focus on the global availability of conscious information, or take conscious phenomenology as a brute fact due to some biological or basic representational properties. Here I argue instead that the key to characterizing the consciousness lies in its connections to belief formation and epistemic justification on a subjective level.
Profiles of Psychosocial and Clinical Functioning in Adolescence and Risk for Later Depression
Authors: Olino Thomas M , Klein Daniel , Seeley John
Published: June 2019

Background: Most studies examining predictors of onset of depression focus on variable centered regression methods that focus on effects of multiple predictors. In contrast, person-centered approaches develop profiles of factors and these profiles can be examined as predictors of onset. Here, we developed profiles of adolescent psychosocial and clinical functioning among adolescents without a history of major depression. Methods: Data come from a subsample of participants from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project who completed self-report measures of functioning in adolescence and completed diagnostic and self-report measures at follow-up assessments up to approximately 15 years after baseline. Results: We identified four profiles of psychosocial and clinical functioning: Thriving; Average Functioning; Externalizing Vulnerability and Family Stress; and Internalizing Vulnerability at the baseline assessment of participants without a history of depression at the initial assessment in mid- adolescence. Classes differed in the likelihood of onset and course of depressive disorders, experience of later anxiety and substance use disorders, and psychosocial functioning in adulthood. Moreover, the predictive utility of these classes was maintained when controlling for multiple other established risk factors for depressive disorders. Conclusions: This work highlights the utility of examining multiple factors simultaneously to understand risk for depression.
Quorum sensing: A molecular cell communication in bacterial cells
Authors: Geethanjali - , Dinesh Kumar V. , Raghu N. , Gopenath T.S. , Veerana Gowda S. , Ong K.W. , Ranjith M.S. , Gnanasekaran A. , Karthikeyan M. , Roy B. , Pugazhandhi B. , Pradeep P. , Balasubramanian S. , Basalingappa Kanthesh M.
Published: June 2019

Background: Quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell communication, which is extensively observed in bacteria. This process allows the cell to detect, analyze, share and act upon various environmental stimuli based on cell density. The molecular aspect of this process is the secretion and detection of chemical signaling molecules called autoinducers (AIs), which act upon the gene expression. The quorum sensing signaling pathway is specifically observed only bulk population or in other words, the quorum sensing is effective only in high cell density. The quorum sensing circuit in the bacterial population is widely studied under the following heading; quorum sensing in Gram positive bacterium, Quorum sensing in Gram negative bacterium and the Quorum sensing with respect to Interkingdom communication. These models are studied using the widely studied models like Vibrio fischeri in Gram negative QS circuit, Staphylococcus aureus in Gram positive QS circuit and Vibrio harveyi. This review paper details the introduction of quorum sensing and their gene level explanation and how they effect on the virulence of a particular species of bacteria. This paper also throws light on the realization that the bacteria has the capable of performing coordinated activities that was so long contributed to the eukaryotic cell performance.
Trotting down the memory lane
Authors: Lohani Ishwar
Published: June 2019

Born on 1962 at Kamaladi, Kathmandu, Prof Ishwar Lohani completed School Leaving Certificate from St. Xavier’s School. Lalitpur. followed by Senior Cambridge ‘O’ Level from Cambridge University 1980 and Proficiency Certificate Level from Amrit Science Campus. 1984.

He did B. Muse. (Sangeet Prabhakar) in Tabala from Kalanidhi Sangit Manavidyalaya under Prayag Sangit Samiti, Allahabad. 1983.

He completed M.B.B.S Degree from Madurai Medical College under Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. 1991 and MS General Surgery from PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. 1994.

After completion of M.Ch. Plastic Surgery from PGIMER, Chandigarh, India in 1997, he worked initially as a Senior Medical Officer for few months and later as Senior Resident in the Dept. of Surgery, Chandigarh Medical College. He completed fellowship in Plastic Surgery as PSEF International fellow from University of Southern California, Los Angeles and California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco May 2001 to Feb 2002 under Dr. Randy Sherman and Dr. Bryant Toth. He later did fellowship in Plastic Surgery through the Scottish Foundation for Surgery in Nepal at St. John’s Hospital, Livingstone and Canniesburn Hospital Glasgow, England from Jan 17, 2003 to Feb 28, 2003 under Dr. Auf Quaba and Dr. David Soutar.

Presently working as Professor and Head of Department, Dept. of Plastic Surgery and Burns at the T.U. Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. He has been involved in the training of MBBS, MS (General Surgery) and MCh Plastic surgery graduates at the Maharajgung Medical Campus.

He served as the President of the International College of Surgeons (ICS) Nepal Section; General Secretary of Association of Plastic Surgeons of Nepal (APSON). He has been member of Society of Surgeons of Nepal since 1996 and has contributed a lot in the activities of the society. He has presented in numerous National and International conferences and has numerous publications in international and national journals as well. He served as the Chief Editor of the Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal 2008 – 2014.
Morphometric Study of Proximal end of Femur of Nepalese People
Authors: Mukhia Rajeev , Poudel Phanindra Prasad , Bhattarai Chacchu , Timsina Sidharth
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The femur is the largest and strongest bone of the body that forms the skeleton of the thigh. The morphometry of proximal end of femur are variable between different individuals with different Nationality. The aims and objective of the study is to find out the morphometric measurements- Femur Length, Femur head diameter, Femur neck shaft angle, and Femur neck length, breadth and thickness.

Methods: A total of 75 femurs of both sex were collected from the Department of Anatomy, MCOMS, Pokhara. The parameters on proximal femur were measured manually with the help of measuring scale, thread, protector and vernier calliper. The collected data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2007 software and represented graphically.

Results: In the present study, the average femoral length for entire femur was 42±2.81 cm, femoral head diameter was13.05±0.9 cm, femoral neck length was 4.12±0.32 cm, femoral neck breadth was 2.94±0.30 cm, and femoral neck thickness was 2.36±0.42 cm. The femur neck shaft angle of left femur was significantly higher than that of right femur (P-value 0.03). There was no difference between other dimensions of proximal end of right and left femur.

Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the dimensions of proximal femur in Nepalese Population are different as compared to other countries population. The knowledge of different dimensions of proximal femur will be important in anthropological and medico-legal practice for sex determination and as well as to radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons for diagnosis and planning of treatment.
Raymond Boudon, lecteur de Weber
Authors: Leroux Robert
Published: June 2019

Raymond Boudon a beaucoup lu. Dès ses premiers travaux il médite et commente surtout l’œuvre des sociologues classiques. Mais ce n’est qu’à partir du milieu de sa carrière intellectuelle qu’il commence à lire studieusement Max Weber. La lecture de ce grand sociologue allemand va s’avérer fondamentale, dans la mesure où elle lui sert à élaborer d’une manière quasi définitive une théorie de la rationalité.
Des murs ou des digues?
Authors: Laurent Éloi
Published: June 2019

Les États-Unis sont soumis au printemps 2019 à deux urgences, l’une apparente (la crise migratoire), l’autre bien réelle (la crise climatique). Cet article détaille ces deux crises et envisage les rapports qu’elles entretiennent entre elles pour proposer de repenser les protections collectives contre le changement climatique à la lumière de l’exemple américain.
“No Experiment… at This Critical Time”?
Authors: Peretz Pauline
Published: June 2019

From the moment the US Congress adopted the draft in September 1940, the Army refused to give in to demands of racial integration expressed by Black activist organizations and the African-American press. The General Staff kept repeating that the war was not an appropriate time to try an « experiment » in racial integration, and that the country was not ready for it. In order to respect the 10% quota for African-Americans that President Roosevelt had agreed on, the Army extended the Southern regime of race relations to all its posts, and created all-black units, including two all-black divisions that were trained in the Arizona desert at Fort Huachuca. Paradoxically, this all-black post (one of only two in the country) was the site of an experiment in integration. It took place in what was designed to be a deluxe all-black hospital, under the leadership of medical officers coming from civilian practice and the North Eastern part of the country. A few other experiments in racial integration happened in the army during the war, but mostly abroad and at the end of the conflict. Fort Huachuca’s racial regime was therefore unique. This article examines the conditions that made this experiment possible in the medical sphere, thus connecting the fields of race and medicine, and attempts to evaluate the effect it had on the post-war army and medical practice.
Femmes de l’ennemi ou du Colonisateur?
Authors: Miot Claire
Published: June 2019

En 1945, l’armée française qui participe à l’invasion de l’Allemagne au sein de la coalition occidentale présente le visage d’une armée coloniale et impériale. En effet, la moitié de ses effectifs est composée de soldats colonisés provenant principalement d’Algérie, Tunisie et du Maroc, mais aussi des colonies françaises d’Afrique subsaharienne. Après l’occupation de la Rhénanie dans les années 1920, par plusieurs milliers de sujets coloniaux, et qui avait provoqué le scandale de la « honte noire », c’est la seconde fois au XXe siècle que l’armée française utilise des soldats colonisés pour occuper des civils allemands. Les relations intimes, consenties ou non, entre colonisés et femmes occupées, sont alors, à nouveau, au centre de toutes les attentions.

Croisant les apports des travaux récents sur les sexualités et les relations de genre en guerre, et, d’autre part dans celle des recherches sur les masculinités en situation coloniale, cet article analyse la manière dont l’institution militaire envisage les relations entre soldats colonisés conquérants et des Allemandes vaincues. Il a pour ambition de montrer comment un État colonial en guerre, et plus précisément en sortie de guerre, contrôle la sexualité des Européennes comme celle des colonisés. Il s’agit de comprendre comment la hiérarchie militaire gère de telles relations à un moment d’affaiblissement de la puissance coloniale mais aussi de réaffirmation d’une virilité conquérante des hommes métropolitains après l’humiliation de 1940.
Blood for Equality
Authors: Ginio Ruth
Published: June 2019

The existing literature on the Tirailleurs Sénégalais focuses mainly on the participation of African colonial soldiers in the two world wars, on the discrimination they suffered in the army, and on French ingratitude towards them after independence. While all of these issues are important, my aim in this article is to examine the tirailleurs’ struggles for rights in the aftermath of WWII, with a particular focus on their agency and ability to shape their own destiny. I begin by discussing the tirailleurs’ spontaneous revolts and protests that erupted at demobilization. I then examine the much more calculated struggle of the main veterans’ journal in French West Africa, La Voix des combattants, to advance the veterans’ aims in the post-war decades. Lastly, I explore a particular case of struggle for equality waged by African veterans: the district guards’ fight for better conditions in Ivory Coast and Senegal in the mid-1950s. With these three examples, I demonstrate that the tirailleurs were not just helpless victims of an exploitative colonial system, but also managed to win equality within the army by invoking the sacrifices they had made for France during the two world wars.