bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FeNC catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to CO: effect of nanostructured carbon supports
Authors: Karapinar Dilan , Tran Ngoc-Huan , Giaume Domitille , Ranjbar Nastaran , Jaouen Frédéric , Mougel Victor , Fontecave Marc
Published: June 2019

Iron- and nitrogen-doped carbon materials (FeNC) are excellent catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to CO. Current density and selectivity can be significantly improved by mixing FeNC with carbon materials such as carbon nanofibers.
Tailoring the film morphology and interface band offset of caesium bismuth iodide-based Pb-free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Khadka Dhruba B. , Shirai Yasuhiro , Yanagida Masatoshi , Miyano Kenjiro
Published: June 2019

Antisolvent treatment followed by solvent vapor annealing affected the morphology of the caesium bismuth halide film and impacted the device parameter tuning by the carrier transport layer.
Thioredoxin-like2/2-Cys peroxiredoxin redox cascade acts as oxidative activator of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in chloroplasts
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Uchikoshi Eriko , Hara Satoshi , Hisabori Toru
Published: June 2019

Thiol-based redox regulation is crucial for adjusting chloroplast functions under fluctuating light environments. We recently discovered that the thioredoxin-like2 (TrxL2)/2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2CP) redox cascade supports oxidative thiol modulation by using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidizing force. This system plays a key role in switching chloroplast metabolism (e.g. Calvin–Benson cycle) during light to dark transitions; however, information on its function is still limited. In this study, we report a novel protein-activation mechanism based on the TrxL2/2CP redox cascade. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) catalyzes the first step of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). Biochemical studies, including redox state determination and measurement of enzyme activity, suggested that the TrxL2/2CP pathway is involved in the oxidative activation of G6PDH. It is thus likely that the TrxL2/2CP redox cascade shifts chloroplast metabolism to night mode by playing a dual role, namely, down-regulation of the Calvin–Benson cycle and up-regulation of OPPP. G6PDH was also directly oxidized and activated by H2O2, particularly when H2O2 concentration was elevated. Therefore, G6PDH is thought to be finely tuned by H2O2 levels in both direct and indirect manners.
The Speech-Language Pathologists' Role in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Early Childhood–, Preschool–, and Elementary School–Age Children: Viewpoints on Guidelines From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: Lundine Jennifer P. , Ciccia Angela H. , Brown Jessica
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impacts millions of children each year, with those between birth and 4 years of age being 1 of the highest incidence groups. To address gaps in service provision specifically for children with mild TBI (mTBI), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines for providers.

Method

The goal of this commentary is to deliver viewpoints on the application of the CDC guidelines directly to speech-language pathology clinical practice, with special attention paid to assessment, symptom monitoring, and intervention using a family-centered approach to care for infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and early elementary students with mTBI.

Results

In all pediatric practice settings, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are a critical component of the care team for children who experience mTBI and should participate in symptom monitoring, assessment, intervention, education, and advocacy for this population.

Conclusions

SLPs can use the CDC guidelines to advocate for their role in the care of young children with mTBI. In addition, SLPs can use the guidelines to create a framework for clinical care provision when working with young children with mTBI. Much work is needed to advance evidence-based practices for this population, and dissemination of current clinical practices could help to close this gap.
Wideband compact planar balun for applications in outphasing and push–pull amplifiers
Authors: Bogusz A. , Lees J. , Quaglia R. , Watkins G.T. , Cripps S.C.
Published: June 2019

This Letter presents a novel approach to realising and fabricating a planar balun structure, where conventional bond wires are replaced by conductor bridges supported on polyimide blocks. Three different prototype structures were fabricated on 10 mil thick alumina substrate (ɛr = 9.8, tan δ = 0.0001) using thin film fabrication technology. More than double octave bandwidths are reported, from 1.25 to 4.7 GHz with losses lower than 1 dB, an amplitude imbalance (trace separation) below 0.75 dB and phase imbalance within ±5°. Measurements show good agreement with simplified 2D EM simulations. The performance of the balun is assessed for suitability in applications where amplitude and phase balance are of critical importance, such as push–pull or outphasing amplifier topologies.
Matched NGD circuit with resistor‐connected coupled lines
Authors: Xiao Jian‐Kang , Wang Qiu‐Fen , Ma Jian‐Guo
Published: June 2019

A negative group delay (NGD) circuit with simple structure has been proposed by using an open‐circuited resonator and a pair of short‐circuited coupled lines which are connected with two shunt resistors. The centre frequency of the NGD circuit is dominantly controlled by the open‐circuited resonator, while the shunt resistors connected coupled lines are utilised for port matching, which greatly attenuates S11 of the circuit. The proposed NGD circuit has been fabricated and measured, and the experiment shows an NGD time of − 4.6 ns, an NGD bandwidth of 120 MHz, and an S11 attenuation of >33 dB. The experimental results approach to the prediction.
Modelling and experimental research on the equivalent magnetic circuit network of hybrid magnetic couplers considering the magnetic leakage effect
Authors: Wang Shuang , Guo Yongcun , Li De‐yong , Su Chang
Published: June 2019

In this work, the massive modelling and computation costs required by the calculation of the magnetic leakage coefficient were avoided by using the three‐dimensional finite element method (3D‐FEM) in the initial design and optimisation of hybrid magnetic couplers (HMCs). The equivalent magnetic circuit network model of HMCs was established, and the equivalent reluctance of the model was calculated to obtain the analytic expression of the magnetic leakage coefficient of HMCs. A set of 1:2 prototypes was designed and manufactured. Simulation analysis and experimental tests were conducted to verify the correctness of the calculation of magnetic leakage. The calculated and experimental values of the magnetic leakage coefficient and the 3D‐FEM were in good agreement. The output torque value of the HMC was analysed and calculated by considering that the air‐gap leakage was closer to the test value and was more accurate than the value calculated without considering the air‐gap leakage effect. This study provided a theoretical reference for the design and investigation of HMCs.
Orthogonal sparse fractal coding algorithm based on image texture feature
Authors: Cao Jian , Zhang Aihua , Shi Lei
Published: June 2019

Fractal image compression coding algorithm is a novel image compression technology; however, the long encoding time and unacceptable image reconstruction quality remain the primary obstacles in practical application. The purpose of this study is to improve the coding quality from the perspective of grey level transform and feature extraction. In this study, a novel orthogonal sparse fractal coding algorithm based on image texture feature is proposed. The authors define a normalised version as the new grey description feature of the image block so that two improved methods are scientifically combined in theory and algorithm. First, orthogonal sparse grey level transform based on sparse decomposition improves image reconstruction quality and decoding speed. Then, the similarity measure matrix, which stores the variance feature between range blocks and domain blocks, is used to reduce redundancies and encoding time. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm in this study can obtain better image reconstruction quality and speed up encoding time significantly as compared to the conventional fractal coding schemes.
Adaptive multilayer level set method for segmenting images with intensity inhomogeneity
Authors: Huang Guopeng , Ji Hongbing , Zhang Wenbo , Zhu Zhigang
Published: June 2019

The level set method based on bias correction can segment images with gentle intensity inhomogeneity effectively. However, most level set methods fail to segment severe inhomogeneous images due to the use of fixed scale clustering criterion. To deal with this problem, an adaptive multilayer level set method is proposed to segment images with severe intensity inhomogeneity. First, an improved global adaptive scale operator and a local adaptive scale operator are designed to adaptively adjust the scale of clustering kernel function according to the degree of intensity inhomogeneity. Then, an adaptive multilayer level set structure is constructed with the two designed scale operators. The number of layers and the scale of each layer in the multilayer structure are adaptively determined based on the degree of intensity inhomogeneity, which not only provides appropriate candidate scales in each pixel but also allows the model to detect global contrast information. With the dual minimisation method, image segmentation and bias correction can be achieved simultaneously. In addition, a hybrid bias field initialisation procedure is proposed to enhance the robustness of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method in segmenting images with intensity inhomogeneity.
Co‐firing characteristics and kinetic analysis of distillers’ grains/coal for power plant
Authors: Xu Danxia , Wu Xiteng , Ma Lun , Ning Xinyu , Cheng Qiang , Luo Zixue
Published: June 2019

The combustion of a biomass with coal may be one of the most effective methods to improve energy utilisation efficiency. This study aims to investigate the combustion characteristics of distillers’ grains with bituminous coal using a thermo‐gravimetric analyser. The results demonstrate that increasing the proportion of distillers’ grains in coal results in a reduced ignition temperature (Ti) and burnout temperature (Tb), and activation energy (E) in the combustion stage. Therefore, the comprehensive combustion index (CCI) improves. In an O2/CO2 atmosphere, Ti increased by ∼15°C, while Tb did not change much. However, E and CCI declined relative to an O2/N2 atmosphere. Under the O2/CO2 atmosphere, with an increase in O2 concentration from 10 to 40%, Ti changed over a small range, but Tb declined from 745.8 to 641.4°C, while E and CCI improved. As the heating rate rose from 10 to 30°C/min, the values of Ti decreased (from 281.4 to 244.9°C), but the values of Tb increased significantly (from 662.8 to 745.8°C); the value of E reduced, and CCI also improved. This research could provide useful information as a practical reference for heat and power production.
Attitudes towards more‐efficient incentives for promotion of residential PV systems: a case study of Kerman, Iran
Authors: Sheikhhoseini Mousa , Rashidinejad Masoud , Abdollahi Amir , Ameri Mehran
Published: June 2019

In Iran, the feed‐in tariff (FIT) has been used for the promotion of photovoltaic (PV) systems, as an incentive, FIT cannot adjust power consumption. On the other hand, the PV generation has not reached grid parity; therefore, a tariff‐based method for self‐consumption is not attractive. This study presents a novel efficient incentive for the deployment of residential PV systems, which is based upon the levellised value of energy. The avoided cost‐based method is proposed to evaluate the true value of PV (VOPV), including three main parameters: avoided energy cost, avoided capacity cost and avoided carbon emission cost. Numerical results show that in the first steps of the PV penetration, VOPV is more than the current FIT that makes self‐consumption beneficial. The proposed model can both increase or decrease customer loads based on PV output and grid conditions. By applying this method, the domestic consumers will be willing and able to provide demand adjustment and it may increase the share of investment on residential solar systems with a reasonable profit. It can be shown that the proposed self‐consumption platform can reduce losses and capacity requirements and consequently increase efficiency.
Enhancing transmission and distribution system coordination and control in GB using power services from DERs
Authors: Martínez Sanz Inmaculada , Stojkovska Biljana , Wilks Angela , Horne Jonathan , Ahmadi Ali R. , Ustinova Tatiana
Published: June 2019

This study describes the technical principles behind the Power Potential innovation project in Great Britain (GB). The project aims to enable distributed energy resources (DERs) connected to the distribution network to provide services to the transmission grid, in a coordinated manner. This study focuses on the dynamic voltage control and the provision of reactive services that can be exercised through these assets. The specific control principles to enable participation of different DER technologies (synchronously and non‐synchronously connected) to provide transmission support are described here. Simulation studies are included to theoretically validate the proposed solution using a detailed dynamic model of the transmission–distribution network in GB. The value of this control approach as a new tool for the system operator is also highlighted and the next steps for the Power Potential project are finally summarised.
FCM Clustering‐ANFIS‐based PV and wind generation forecasting agent for energy management in a smart microgrid
Authors: Sujil A , Kumar Rajesh , Bansal Ramesh C
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes a PV and wind output power generation forecasting agent for a multi‐agent‐based energy management system (EMS) in a smart microgrid. The microgrid EMS requires both generation forecast and load forecast to provide effective dispatch strategies. The efficiency of the EMS significantly relies on its forecasting accuracy. Firstly, this paper develops an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)‐based forecasting model and then utilise it for the development of wind and PV generation forecasting agent for microgrid energy management. ANFIS adopt the self‐learning capability from the neural network and linguistic expression function from fuzzy logic inference and stands at the top of both the technologies in performance. The proposed model has been tested using two data sets, i.e., PV historical data and historical wind data. The fuzzy c means clustering (FCM) with hybrid optimisation algorithm‐based ANFIS model shows better forecasting accuracy with both PV and wind forecast, therefore, implemented as PV and wind forecasting agent for microgrid EMS.
Investigation of background noise in active distribution network and its impacts on synchrophasor estimation
Authors: Zhang Yong , Shi Zhixiong , Xue Jingrun
Published: June 2019

The next‐future extensive diffusion of distributed generation and the increasing energy demands due to new components (e.g. electrical vehicles, energy storages) are changing the characteristics of the power grid at the distribution level, which makes it inevitable to introduce the synchrophasor measurement technology into the distribution network. This study analyses the power spectrum for the background noise of the field measured voltage signal of 0.4 kV in one electrical vehicle charging station. The coloured filter model is established using the autoregressive moving average process, which leads to the conclusion that the coloured noise spectrum is generally concave. The impact of background noise for the phasor estimation is evaluated in the steady state and dynamic state referring to IEEE Std C37.118.1™‐2011.
Analysis of SSR characteristics in DFIGs based wind farm integrated to a series‐compensated network
Authors: Wang Long , Huang Biyue , Sun Haishun , Chen Yahao , Liu Yuming
Published: June 2019

To improve transmission capacity and stability margin of the power system, the doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) based wind farm is transmitted over lines equipped with series compensation (fixed capacitors). However, the utilisation of series compensation brings the potential risk of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) in the power system. In this study, the SSR issue in DFIGs based wind farm integrated to a series‐compensated network is studied based on the eigenvalue analysis and equivalent impedance model. The linearised state‐space model of DFIGs based wind farm integrated to a series‐compensated network is built first. Participation factors, sensitivities of eigenvalues and root loci, obtained by linearised state‐space model, are observed to investigate the mechanism and the key parameters of SSR. Then, a method that can mitigate SSR in DFIGs based wind farm integrated to a series‐compensated network is proposed based on virtual series resistance of the rotor. At last, the eigenvalue analysis and simulation are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation method.
Energy class dependent residential battery storage sizing for PV systems in Cyprus
Authors: Afxentis Stavros , Florides Michalis , Machamint Vasilis , Yianni Christos , Norgaard Per , Bindner Hendrik , Kathan Johannes , Brunner Helfried , Mayr Christoph , Anastassiou Charalambos , Efthymiou Venizelos , Georghiou George Elia
Published: June 2019

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) have started to be part of the photovoltaic (PV) system design to allow the further penetration of PV into the grid. This study deals with the sizing (power and energy capacity) of a BESS for residential households which are represented by a typical load consumption profile, they have electrical air conditioning and electrical water heating (water boiler) resembling a common residential house in Cyprus. The BESS sizing is done considering the local energy consumption profile and the energy efficiency class of the house and the water boiler. The BESS is sized in order to achieve zero PV grid export and to increase self‐consumption.
Characterizing maser polarization: effects of saturation, anisotropic pumping, and hyperfine structure
Authors: Lankhaar Boy , Vlemmings Wouter
Published: June 2019

Context. The polarization of masers contains information on the magnetic field strength and direction of the regions they occur in. Many maser polarization observations have been performed over the last 30 years. However, versatile maser polarization models that can aide in the interpretation of these observations are not available.

Aims. We developed a program suite that can compute the polarization by a magnetic field of any non-paramagnetic maser species at arbitrarily high maser saturation. Furthermore, we investigated the polarization of masers by non-Zeeman polarizing effects. We present a general interpretive structure for maser polarization observations.

Methods. We expanded existing maser polarization theories of non-paramagnetic molecules and incorporated them in a numerical modeling program suite.

Results. We present a modeling program called CHAracterizes Maser Polarization (CHAMP) that can examine the polarization of masers of arbitrarily high maser saturation and high angular momentum. Hyperfine multiplicity of the maser-transition can also be incorporated. The user is able to investigate non-Zeeman polarizing mechanisms such as anisotropic pumping and polarized incident seed radiation. We present an analysis of the polarization ofv = 1 SiO masers and the 22 GHz water maser. We comment on the underlying polarization mechanisms, and also investigate non-Zeeman effects.

Conclusions. We identify the regimes where different polarizing mechanisms will be dominant and present the polarization characteristics of the SiO and water masers. From the results of our calculations, we identify markers to recognize alternative polarization mechanisms. We show that comparing randomly generated linear versus circular polarization (pL − pV) scatter-plots at fixed magnetic field strength to the observationally obtainedpL − pVscatter can be a promising method of ascertaining the average magnetic field strength of a large number of masers.
Patienten mit erfolgreicher Psychotherapie gegen Panikstörungen profitieren auch längerfristig von der Therapie
Authors: Ernst Jochen
Published: June 2019

Die Autoren um McCarthy untersuchen in ihrer Studie Patienten mit Panikstörungen, die sich erfolgreich einer Psychotherapie gegen Panikstörungen unterzogen hatten. Gezeigt werden soll, wie stabil die Effekte über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von 12 Monaten bestehen bleiben.
Ability to Propose Optimal Prosthetic Rehabilitation can be Improved by Discussion between the Dentist and Radiation Oncologist Regarding Upstream Dosimetry
Authors: Rouers Mélanie , Bornert Fabien , Truntzer Pierre , Dubourg Sarah , Bourrier Cyrielle , Antoni Delphine , Noël Georges
Published: June 2019

Objective Improvement of dental rehabilitation for patients who have undergone radiation therapy requires knowledge of the dose in the maxillary and mandible bones.

Materials and Methods Forty-three patients with head and neck cancers underwent evaluation for dental rehabilitation before radiation treatment dosimetry. The delivered dose to the maxilla and mandible was determined. From the dose data in the literature, three levels of risk of implant failure were defined. According to the delivered doses, the authors calculated the percentage of patients who could be fully rehabilitated with an implant, as proposed by the dentist before radiation planning.

Results Before dosimetry calculation, all of the completely edentulous arches and 94 partially edentulous (PESs) sextants could be optimally rehabilitated. After dose calculation, among the 14 arches of 7 patients who were completely edentulous, according to the mean and maximal delivered doses, 11 arches (78.6%) and 7 arches (50%) could receive an optimal prosthesis, respectively. For the three patients, who were PESs but with one arch that was completely edentulous, according to the mean and maximal delivered doses, one arch for each dose condition could receive an optimal prosthesis. Among the 94 PESs sextants, according to the mean and maximal delivered doses, 41 (43.6%) and 24 (25.5%) sextants could receive an optimal prosthesis, respectively.

Conclusion By determining the sites of implantation before dosimetry, the radiation oncologist could shield specified areas, potentially improving the possibilities for dental rehabilitation. The dialogue between the dentist and the radiation oncologist can improve the possibilities for implants and decrease the risk of unsafe implantation.
The Role of Low-Intensity Biostimulation Laser Therapy in Transforming Growth Factor β1, Bone Alkaline Phosphatase and Osteocalcin Expression during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Cavia porcellus
Authors: Narmada Ida Bagus , Rubianto Muhammad , Putra Suhartono Taat
Published: June 2019

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) biostimulation mechanism as adjuvant therapy within orthodontic treatment as a means of accelerating bone remodeling by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and osteocalcin (OSC) expression.

Materials and Methods An analytical experimental method incorporating a posttest only randomized the control group design. The sample consisted of 24 3- to 4-month-old male Cavia porcellus weighing between 300 and 500 g divided into three groups (group 1: control, group 2: received orthodontic treatment, and group 3: received orthodontic treatment with irradiation LILT). LILT biostimulation at a dose of 4 joule/cm2 was performed daily for 3 min on the mesial-distal labial-palatal of the first dextra and sinistra incisor for 2 weeks. The TGF-β1, BALP, and OSC expression was subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. An analysis of variance with multiple comparison, a Tukey's honestly significant difference test, a Kruskal–Wallis test, and a Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test were all performed (p < 0.05).

Results TGF-β1 expression was significantly different (p = 0.047; p < 0.05) in the tension area, but not in the compression side (p = 0.154; p > 0.05). BALP expression was significantly different in both the tension (p = 0.009) and compression areas (p = 0.005; p < 0.05). OSC expression was significantly different (p = 0.034; p < 0.05) in the tension side, but not in the compression area (p = 1.194; p > 0.05).

Conclusion LILT biostimulation can increase TGF-β1, BALP, and OSC expression during orthodontic tooth movement.
Top-Ten Tips for Imaging the Triangular Fibrocartilaginous Complex
Authors: Ng Alex W.H. , Tong Cina S.L. , Hung Esther H.Y. , Griffith James F. , Tse W.L , Wong Clara W.Y. , Mak Michael C.K. , Ho P.C
Published: June 2019

The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a crucial structure for both maintaining the stability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and acting as a cushion for axial loading of the ulnocarpal joint. Injury to the TFCC can lead to early degeneration of the DRUJ and ulnocarpal joint, with resultant chronic wrist pain and weakness. The TFCC is a moderately complex structure with several attachments to the adjacent bony and cartilaginous structures. Familiarity with the anatomy of the TFCC is a prerequisite for identification of TFCC tears. Several pitfalls can occur while assessing the TFCC on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if one is not familiar with the MRI appearances. This article illustrates key tips for diagnosing TFCC tears on MRI.
Preference of Suture Specifications in a Selected Periodontal and Implant Surgeries in Turkey
Authors: Koyuncuoglu Cenker Zeki , Yaman Duygu , Kasnak Gokhan , Demirel Korkud
Published: June 2019

Objective Various suture materials and needles are now available for use in the dental surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the preference of suture materials among Turkish dentists by a dental survey.

Materials and Methods The survey was prepared and sent electronically to Turkish dentists through e-mail and/or Facebook. Dentists were asked to report their graduation year from dental school and their specialty if they have one. In addition, the type periodontal/implant operations and the frequency of those operations applied by them were questioned. The participants were to indicate their suture preferences for these procedures in a multiple-choice questionnaire.

Results Fifty-seven regular dentists, 49 periodontists, 22 oral surgeons, and 8 other specialists completed a self-administered survey. The majority of clinicians worked in private practice (77.9%). Nonabsorbable sutures were the most preferred for all procedures except periodontal plastic surgery. In regenerative surgeries, monofilament, 5–0 diameter suture material on a reverse cutting, 3/8 circle needle was preferred. In addition, for mucogingival surgery, 5–0 diameter suture material on a reverse cutting and 3/8 circle needle was favored. For dental implants, 4–0 diameter suture material on a reverse cutting and 3/8 circle needle was preferred. Monofilament and braided sutures were selected almost equally for implant operations.

Conclusions In periodontal and implant surgeries, dentists highly preferred the use of nonabsorbable sutures. In addition, the shape and diameter of needle had an important role in the selection of suture material. The present study's results may serve as a guide for the future studies.
Sedation During Neurocritical Care
Authors: Vanaclocha Nieves , Chisbert Vicente , Quilis Vicent , Bilotta Federico , Badenes Rafael
Published: June 2019

Sedation is an essential therapeutic strategy in the care of neurocritical patients. Intravenous sedative agents are the most widely used, with promising alternatives (dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and volatile agents) to propofol and midazolam arising. Studies designed to evaluate superiority and avoid biases are required. A neurological awakening test is safe in most patients. Potential risks and benefits of limiting deep sedation and daily interruption of sedation in these patients remain unclear. The aim of this review was to report recent clinical evidence on sedation in this subgroup of patients, focusing on its effects on clinical prognosis.
Repeated Peripheral Embolisms associated with Chronic Aortic Dissection
Authors: Aoyagi Shigeaki , Amako Mau , Wada Kumiko , Kosuga Tomokazu , Yasunaga Hiroshi
Published: June 2019

A male patient developed acute type B aortic dissection (AD) extending to the right external iliac artery (EIA) and left common femoral artery at the age of 56 years. Two months after the diagnosis of AD, he developed right renal infarction suggesting embolism, as the right renal artery arose from a false lumen containing a mural thrombus. Seven years later, at the age of 63 years, the patient was readmitted for acute onset of intermittent claudication in the right leg. On admission, arterial pulses distal to the right femoral artery were absent. The right ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) was 0.66, while the left ABI was 1.06. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed chronic type B AD and revealed a localized occlusion of the right EIA and disappearance of a small protruding thrombus in the false lumen that was found on the previous CT, suggesting a second embolism. Since recovery of antegrade blood flow was insufficient after catheter embolectomy, femorofemoral bypass was performed with resolution of ischemic symptoms. Postoperatively, the ABI recovered to 0.99 in the right and 1.12 in the left, and CT showed a patent bypass graft and restoration of blood flow to the right leg. This case indicates that embolism should be recognized as one of the possible causes of acute organ ischemia in patients with AD, even in patients with chronic AD.
Physician Burnout among Members of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Authors: Hughes Francine , Francis Antonia P. , Sciscione Anthony C.
Published: June 2019

Objective This study aimed to determine the rate of physician burnout among maternal-fetal medicine subspecialists and identify associated factors.

Study Design Noninternational members of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) were surveyed regarding burnout using a validated tool specifically designed for health professionals (Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey). Burnout was defined as exceeding established cutoffs for emotional exhaustion or depersonalization. Demographic information and potential contributors associated with the presence of burnout were also examined.

Results The survey was sent to 1,220 members and 44.1% of members completed the entire survey. The physician burnout rate was 56.5%. Factors associated with burnout included female gender, being 5 to 20 years in practice, self-perceived burnout, being somewhat or very dissatisfied with career or supervisor and charting for more than 4 hours per day. Factors associated with less burnout were being male, having some protected time for education and regular exercise. Women scored higher on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and lower personal accomplishment compared with men.

Conclusion Physician burnout among the SMFM members is higher than has been reported in other specialties. While some of these factors are modifiable, further study into why women have higher rates of burnout needs to be performed.
Anal Sphincter Injury Associated with Vaginal Twin Delivery
Authors: O'Leary Bobby D. , Bholah Tariq , Kalisse Tamara , Hehir Mark P. , Geary Michael P.
Published: June 2019

Objective Obstetric anal sphincter injury remains the most common cause of fecal incontinence in women, and research in twin pregnancies is sparse. This study aimed to examine risk factors for sphincter injury in twin deliveries over a 10-year period.

Study Design This was a retrospective study of twin vaginal deliveries in a tertiary-level hospital over 10 years. We examined the demographics of women who had a vaginal delivery of at least one twin. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine risk factors.

Results There were 1,783 (2.1%) twin pregnancies, of which 556 (31%) had a vaginal delivery of at least one twin. Sphincter injury occurred in 1.1% (6/556) women with twins compared with 2.9% (1720/59,944) singleton vaginal deliveries. Women with sphincter injury had more instrumental deliveries (83.3 vs. 27.6%; p = 0.008). On univariate analysis, only instrumental delivery was a significant risk factor (odds ratio: 2.93; p = 0.019).

Conclusion Sphincter injury occurs at a lower rate in vaginal twin pregnancies than in singletons. No twin-specific risk factors were identified. Discussion of the risk of sphincter injury should form part of patient counseling with regard to the mode of delivery.
Spin transport in the bulk of two-dimensional Hall insulator
Authors: Kulik L. V. , Gorbunov A. V. , Zhuravlev A. S. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Kukushkin I. V.
Published: June 2019

Magneto-fermionic condensate under study is a Bose-Einstein condensate of cyclotron spin-flip magnetoexcitons in a quantum Hall insulator. This condensate features unique properties such as millisecond range lifetime and hundreds of micrometers of propagation length. In this study, utilizing the photo-induced resonant reflection technique, we measured the exciton escape time. Finally, we estimated the exciton condensate propagation velocity as 25 m/s, which is much higher than a single particle propagation velocity. We also proposed a mechanism of exciton condensation.
2 × 2 microparticles curvilinear transport channel based on dual self-accelerating beams
Authors: Liu Zhihai , Wang Tong , Zhang Yu , Tang Xiaoyun , Su Wenjie , Dong Wanming , Lin Siyu , Yang Xinghua , Zhang Jianzhong , Yang Jun , Yuan Libo
Published: June 2019

We propose and demonstrate a 2 × 2 microparticles curvilinear transport channel based on a dual self-accelerating beam generator. The device is composed of a dual-core fiber, a hollow capillary fiber, and a coreless silica fiber. The dual self-accelerating beams produced by the device propagate along the curvilinear trajectory due to the transverse accelerating property and then cross at the front of the fiber probe. The experimental results show that the yeast cell is transported along the curvilinear trajectory. By adjusting the optical power ratio of dual beams, we may control and ensure the yeast cell steers at the cross point. The proposed 2 × 2 curvilinear microparticles transport channel based on dual self-accelerating beams can realize microparticles sorting and obstacle avoidance, which means that it would be a useful tool in biology and colloidal science.
One-step electrodeposited MnxCo1−x(OH)2 nanosheet arrays as cathode for asymmetric on-chip micro-supercapacitors
Authors: He Liang , Liu Hui , Luo Wen , Zhang Wencui , Liao Xiaobin , Guo Yaqing , Hong Tianjiao , Yuan Hui , Mai Liqiang
Published: June 2019

Constructing on-chip microsupercapacitors (MSCs) with an asymmetric structure is the predominant choice for applications in miniaturized electronic devices. However, the complex fabrication methods of electrodes and the assembling process of devices restrict the development of on-chip MSCs. Herein, a planar asymmetric MSC with MnxCo1−x(OH)2 nanosheet arrays as the cathode and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the anode is fabricated via a facile one-step electrodeposition method combined with microfabrication technology. The planar asymmetric MSC exhibits a wider operation voltage window (up to 1.65 V), a higher capacitance (32 mC cm−2), and a higher energy density (7.78 μW h cm−2) than those of previously reported MSCs with an alkaline aqueous electrolyte. This work demonstrates a model of the excellent combination of material synthesis and device fabrication towards large-scale manufacture of on-chip microdevices.
Distortion of pipe-flow development by boundary layer growth and unconstrained inlet conditions
Authors: Haustein Herman D. , Kashi Barak
Published: June 2019

This study extends the analysis of the canonical developing pipe-flow problem to realistic inlet conditions affecting emerging jets. A comparison of simulations to existing theory reveals adverse phenomena caused by the inlet: the velocity profile inversion and flow separation (vena contracta) at a sharp inlet. Beginning with the simple uniform inflow, the inversion is shown to persists at significantly higher Re (Re = 2000) than previously reported. It is found to be caused by the theory’s neglected radial velocity, resulting from the boundary layer’s displacement effect. Rescaling of the inlet axial coordinate is shown to collapse all centerline velocity curves above Re = 100, thus elucidating the known weak dependence of entrance-length on Re. The sharp-inlet separation bubble is found not to occur below Re ≅ 320 although this inlet profile overrides the boundary layer’s effect. Furthermore, the bubble’s downstream length increases rapidly with Re, whereas its upstream length grows gradually and proportionally to its thickness—here identified as its characteristic-scale. Beyond the bubble, the profile relaxes to a monotonic form—captured beyond x/(Re·R) = 0.005, if theory is modified using the bubble’s characteristic-scale. This scale also sets the threshold which differentiates between a sharp-inlet regime, accompanied by a separation bubble, and a rounded-inlet one without it. The latter regime relaxes more rapidly to the monotonic profile—captured already beyond x = 2R. Finally, the modified idealized theory is demonstrated as a useful design tool—explicitly relating nozzle length to characteristics of emerging free-surface and submerged jets.
Constitutive theory of inhomogeneous turbulent flow based on two-scale Lagrangian formalism
Authors: Ariki Taketo
Published: June 2019

A self-consistent closure theory is developed for inhomogeneous turbulent flow, which enables systematic derivations of the turbulence constitutive relations without relying on any empirical parameters. The double Lagrangian approach based on the mean and fluctuation velocities allows us to describe a wide variety of correlations in a consistent manner with both Kolmogorov’s inertial-range scaling and general-covariance principle.
Effects of confinement on supercooled tetrahedral liquids
Authors: Horstmann R. , P. Sanjon E. , Drossel B. , Vogel M.
Published: June 2019

We use molecular dynamics simulations to ascertain the effects of geometrical restriction on glass-forming tetrahedral liquids. Striving for a broad approach, we study families of waterlike and silicalike liquids, for which we systematically scale the partial charges and, hence, the relevance of the tetrahedral networks. The confined liquids and the confining matrices consist of the same type of particles to avoid disruptive interactions and distorted structures at the interfaces. Spatially resolved analyses show that these neutral confinements still impose static mobility gradients and density correlations on the liquids. We quantify the increasing degree and range of the altered properties upon cooling. For both families of models, common relations describe the confinement effects of all systems with tetrahedral order, while deviations occur for systems with lower polarities and different structures. The observations are rationalized by considering the fact that a pinned wall imprints a static energy landscape to a neighboring liquid. We explore the properties of this landscape based on changes in vibrational motion and structural relaxation and find that typical barrier heights amount to two to three times the activation energy of bulk dynamics. Combining the present and previous results, we predict the evolution of confinement effects down to the glass transition temperature for liquids without fragile-to-strong crossover. In addition, it is found for silicalike liquids that the temperature dependence of dynamic and static correlation lengths from confinement studies is not affected when cooling through fragile-to-strong transitions of the bulk materials, casting doubt on the relevance of these length scales for the glassy slowdown.
Experimental investigation and detached-eddy simulation of compressor aerodynamic performance in inlet distortion
Authors: Zhou Youtian , Li Jun , Song Guoxing
Published: June 2019

This paper presents an investigation into the interaction between a low-speed compressor and a circumferential inlet distortion, through high-resolution measurements and full annulus Detached-Eddy simulation. Experimental results show the compressor behaviors with inlet distortion, and three novel distortion coefficients are presented to build the relationship between the distortion features and the compressor characteristics. Through the unsteady simulation and casing pressure, the rotor stall process with inlet distortion is well captured. Differing from normal ‘spikes’ form, the stall process can be divided into three stages. First, the stall inceptions occur in those blade tips with high blade loads. They can circumferentially propagate several blade passages, but reduce and disappear quickly when they move to low-load blade zone. Then, some of the stall inceptions develop into unsteady stall cells, which can propagate to all the blade passages but may disappear after several cycles. Finally, one of the stall cells becomes stable and the rotor runs into a rotating stall. Comparing experimental and simulation data, Detached-Eddy simulation can provide more details of the stall process than the RANS method. But it is still not precise enough to predict the rotor stall point with inlet distortion.
Recent advances in 3D nanoprinting via focused electron beams
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: June 2019

The authors hope their perspective article about 3D-FEBID will inspire researchers to utilize this technique for its unique advantages and unexplored potential in future research and development.
Collecting data for the Rhapsodie treebank
Authors: Lacheret-Dujour Anne , Pietrandrea Paola , Baude Olivier , Obin Nicolas , Simon Anne-Catherine , Tchobanov Atanas
Published: June 2019

This chapter is devoted to the development of the Rhapsodie repository. We describe the selection of data to be annotated, the principles used to document the data and discuss the theoretical assumptions underlying the Rhapsodie project. The aim was to provide a corpus to study the interface between discourse, syntax, and prosody in French and the variation of intonosyntactic features according to discourse genre in the marking of informational structure as well as expressivity in unelicited speech. At the beginning of the Rhapsodie project such data were under-represented and the need for spoken corpora of this type in French was strongly felt. Consequently, several challenges had to be addressed. First, we discuss the different obstacles and challenging questions we faced with respect to the development of a well-balanced corpus of different discourse genres produced in different speech situations, such as the nature of the data and the type of information to include in the metadata. Then, we present the sources from which the samples were extracted, legal and ethical issues, and the methodology adopted to encode the metadata.
The annotation of syllabic prominences and disfluencies
Authors: Avanzi Mathieu , Bordal Guri , Lacheret-Dujour Anne , Obin Nicolas , Sauvage-Vincent Julie
Published: June 2019

This chapter presents the methodology developed to capture syllabic prominences and prosodic disfluencies in the speech flow. Then it describes the protocol used for the 3-point scale labeling of prominences and disfluencies, the choice of annotators, from semi-naive to experts, the inter-annotator reliability and the generation of the final annotation. This step is crucial in the Rhapsodie project, since the annotation of prominences and disfluencies is the cornerstone for the derivation of the internal constituents of the prosodic tree, from the metrical foot to the intonation package. The training and instructions given to the coders should therefore be exhaustive, especially since without a protocol, the annotation is subjective and depends on many acoustic and grammatical cues, which vary according to the competence of each annotator.
Derivation of the prosodic structure
Authors: Lacheret-Dujour Anne , Bordal Guri , Truong Arthur
Published: June 2019

This chapter presents the rules implemented for the automatic generation of the internal prosodic structure of an intonational period based on prominence annotations, from the metrical foot to the intonation package. A special feature of the model is that it accounts for performance features such as filled pauses, interruptions and non-prominent disfluent segments, to differentiate two types of constituents, that we called standard and extended units, at each level of the prosodic hierarchy. Each case is illustrated by examples extracted from the Rhapsodie database. The diversity of the output is discussed in the light of the aim of the project: An exhaustive study of the correlations between situational variables and prosodic constructions implies a detailed characterization of the prosodic objects to be observed. Finally, the issue of the representativeness of each type of unit, standard vs. non standard, is discussed in the context of prosodic performance modeling.
Tools for fundamental frequency estimation in Rhapsodie
Authors: Martin Philippe
Published: June 2019

The quality of the speech recordings in the Rhapsodie project is highly variable, ranging from excellent to very poor. The main enemies of a fundamental frequency analysis are echo, microphone low-pass filtering, overlapping sound sources, creak, etc. As some fundamental frequency tracking algorithms perform better than others on specific speech segments, alternative methods can prove to be more efficient. This chapter describes approaches to identify problems and provides guidelines to select and apply one of the five available fundamental frequency tracking algorithms (spectral comb, AMDF, autocorrelation, Cepstrum, harmonic selection) on specific speech segments. These methods are implemented in a single software program and can be applied to specific recording segments by simple graphic commands. The resulting reliable pitch curves enable automatic stylization and annotation processing, which is usually not possible using a single F0 tracking method.
Macrosyntax at work
Authors: Pietrandrea Paola , Delsart Aline
Published: June 2019

In this chapter we conduct a quantitative analysis of the distribution of macrosyntactic structures in the Rhapsodie corpus. The analysis shows that there is a strong tendency to massively reuse only a small number of macrosyntactic patterns and that simple utterances predominate in the corpus. The analysis also shows that French spoken discourse is not at all characterized by the lack of microsyntactic cohesion, as is usually claimed. Rather than a strategy used to compensate for an alleged lack of microsyntactic cohesion in spoken discourse, macrosyntax is better regarded as an additional level of cohesion that ensures the interface between the internal structure of an utterance and the global structure of the discourse in which that utterance occurs.