bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3-dimensional printing of PLA scaffolds for medical applications
Authors: YELTEN Azade , ÖZTÜRK Mehmet Halit , YILMAZ Suat
Published: January 2022

Scaffolds encourage the new tissue formation through biological substitution of the damaged or lost tissues. Therefore, scaffold characteristics become more important and should be precisely controlled. Production of scaffolds using a three dimensional (3d) printer appears as a promising method in terms of enabling homogeneous pore distribution and uniform pore size arrangement. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold structures were obtained through 3d printing, based on the design parameters such as the scaffold geometry, porosity (%), pore shape, pore size, and the pore interconnectivity. An open source computer-aided design (CAD) program (Interface Scaffold) was employed to design the PLA scaffolds. Scaffold structures with ~72% porosity were generated through a 3D Systems Cube 2nd Generation 3d printer. The design parameters have been optimized by the scaffold design software tool, which includes different unit cells, i.e. Schwartz P, Schwartz D, Gyroid, Skeletal (1-4), Neovius and W (iWP) for designing scaffold structures through mathematical formulations. It was found out that the mean pore size of the 3d-printed Gyroid unit cell scaffolds vary between 1.9 mm and ~4.54 mm according to the microstructural observations done by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The Pearson Correlation Model – Work of the Devil?
Authors: Huyền Nguyễn Thanh Thanh
Published: January 2022

While by far the most applied correlation model in finance, the Pearson correlation model is – due to its simplicity and linearity – also the most heavily criticised: “Anything that relies on correlation is charlatanism” (Nassim Taleb) and “Instruments whose pricing requires the input of correlation … are accidents waiting to happen” (Paul Wilmott). In this chapter we address this contradiction and evaluate whether the Pearson correlation approach is rigorous and suitable for modelling associations in finance.
Analisis Video Likes To Likes Rasio TikTok Pada Top 5 Vendor Smartphone di Indonesia
Authors: Wijaya I Wayan Herry Indra
Published: January 2022

TikTok is a social media application that allows users to create 15-second videos with music, filters, and other creative features. This application was launched by a company from China, China, ByteDance first launched an application that has a short duration called Douyin. In Indonesia alone there were 22.2 million active users last year which provides a huge opportunity for various brands to market their products through TikTok. There are various types of brands that have used the TikTok application to promote their products, for example, smartphone vendors in Indonesia. Of the many smartphone vendors, the Top 5 Smartphone Vendors in Indonesia in Q2 are: XIAOMI Indonesia, Oppo Indonesia, Samsung Indonesia, REALME Indonesia and VIVO Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the credibility of the TikTok accounts of the 5 Smartphone Vendor in Indonesia on Q2 2021. The method used in this study is a quantitative exploratory method. The results of this study indicate that the Samsung Indonesia account has the best performance credibility and is ranked first among the five smartphone vendor accounts.
Predicting County-Level Overdose Death Rates Amid the Escalating Overdose Crisis in the United States: A Statistical Modeling Approach Predicting Deaths Through 2022
Authors: Marks Charles , Abramowitz Daniela , Donnelly Christl A. , Ciccarone Daniel , Martin Natasha , Strathdee Steffanie A , Smith Davey M , Borquez Annick
Published: January 2022

Aims. U.S. overdose (OD) deaths continue to escalate but are characterized by geographic and temporal heterogeneity. We previously validated a predictive statistical model to predict county-level OD mortality nationally from 2013 to 2018. Herein, we aimed to: 1) validate our model’s performance at predicting county-level OD mortality in 2019 and 2020; 2) modify and validate our model to predict OD mortality in 2022.Methods. We evaluated our mixed effects negative binomial model’s performance at predicting county-level OD mortality in 2019 and 2020. Further, we modified our model which originally used data from the year X to predict OD deaths in the year X+1 to instead predict deaths in year X+3. We validated this modification for the years 2017 through 2019 and generated future-oriented predictions for 2022. Finally, to leverage available, albeit incomplete, 2020 OD mortality data, we also modified and validated our model to predict OD deaths in year X+2 and generated an alternative set of predictions for 2022.Results. Our original model continued to perform with similar efficacy in 2019 and 2020, remaining superior to a benchmark approach. Our modified X+3 model performed with similar efficacy as our original model, and we present predictions for 2022, including identification of counties most likely to experience highest OD mortality rates. There was a high correlation (Spearman’s ρ = 0.93) between the rank ordering of counties for our 2022 predictions using our X+3 and X+2 models. However, the X+3 model (which did not account for OD escalation during COVID) predicted only 62,000 deaths nationwide for 2022, whereas the X+2 model predicted over 87,000.Conclusion. We have predicted county-level overdose death rates for 2022 across the US. These predictions, made publicly available in our online application, can be used to identify counties at highest risk of high OD mortality and support evidence-based OD prevention planning.
Vietnam – A general study of the triangulation toward change social movements, economic development, and political changeover
Authors: Alessandro Fornaroli
Published: January 2022

This thesis aims to study the political change taking place in Vietnam. The analysis was based on a thorough systematic review, including the main articles and data on the topic. The analytic perspective adopted was that of polyarchy, which acted as a lens subsequently used to answer two questions. First: What are the points of contact between economic development, political liberalization, and civil society? And second: What political factors lead to the consideration of Vietnam as a polyarchy?
Analisis Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Afni Nurul
Published: January 2022

Laporan keuangan umumnya digunakan sebagai informasi dalam menilai potensi perubahan sumber daya ekonomi, yang dapat dikendalikan di masa depan, dan dalam memprediksi kapasitas produksi sumber daya yang dimiliki. Laporan keuangan yang berasal dari analisis laporan keuangan, selanjutnya digunakan sebagai alat bantu dalam proses pengambilan keputusan di masa yang akan datang.  Rasio likuiditas (yaitu, rasio lancar, rasio uji asam, rasio kas), rasio leverage (yaitu, rasio utang, rasio pendapatan bunga waktu), rasio aktivitas (yaitu, periode perputaran piutang, perputaran piutang, perputaran persediaan, perputaran total aset ), dan rasio profitabilitas (yaitu, margin laba kotor, margin laba bersih, laba atas investasi) digunakan sebagai indikator kinerja keuangan.
PENGENALAN ALGORITMA PADA PEMBELAJARAN PEMROGRAMAN KOMPUTER
Authors: Aritonang Tsania Khairani
Published: January 2022

Algoritma memiliki pengertian sebagai sekumpulan tindakan untuk menyelesaikan suatu persoalan. Tindakan penyelesaian yang dilakukan haruslah berurutan, logis dan sistematis. Dengan begitu algoritma dapat dijadikan landasan dalam pembuatan program komputer. Sedangkan program komputer merupakan sekumpulan perintah yang diinstruksikan untuk dilakukan oleh komputer saat memecahkan sebuah persoalan. Algoritma sangat berperan penting pada pemrograman komputer karena sentral dari ilmu komputer adalah algoritma.Pembahasan dari cabang-cabang bidang komputer banyak yang menunjuk pada definisi algoritma. Tujuan dibuatnya karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk membantu mahasiswa supaya dapat mengenali terlebih dahulu definisi dari algoritma sehingga dapat mempermudah pemahaman mahasiswa pada pembelajaran pemrograman komputer serta meningkatkan motivasi mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran. Penulis memakai metode studi literatur dalam menulis karya ilmiah ini.
Teologi Ibadah
Authors: Pelamonia Risart
Published: January 2022

Ibadah merupakan sebuah bentuk perjumpaan manusia dengan Allah, pun juga dengan corak masing-masing sesuai dengan pengalaman iman dari setiap individu atau kelompok tersebut dan juga sesuai dengan penghayatan dari setiap agama yang dianut. Dalam kekristenan ibadah juga menjadi bentuk perjumpaan manusia dengan Allah dan juga menjadi sebuah ekspresi iman dari seorang atau kelompok Kristen. Hal ini terjadi dengan pergumulan hidup yang dinamis yang dihadapi manusia dan dengan adanya perkembangan zaman yang menuntut ibadah bergerak maju untuk bisa relevan bagi setiap orang dan kelompok. Pada era-moden sekarang ini dunia menghadapi suatu permasalahan yang sangat serius dimana virus covi 19 yang sedang melanda dunia sekarang ini sehingga membuat gereja harus memaksakan diri untuk membuat ibadah secara online. Hal ini merupakan suatu tantangan yang sangat serius dihadapi oleh gereja, gereja juga mengalami penurunan keuangan, jemaat banyak berpindah, kemudian ibadah tidak lagi berfokus, karena semuanya harus online. Ibadah mengalami disorientasi karena tidak lagi berfokus kepada Tuhan tetapi kepada siapa yang main music, siapa yang WL (Worship Leader), siapa yang khutbah. Jika siapa-siapa hal itu tidak berkenan di hati maka dia akan mengganti dan memilih ibadah di gereja mana yang memimpin secara online.
MAKALAH RASIO LIKUIDITAS
Authors: Nuraeni
Published: January 2022

Rasio likuiditas merupakan rasio yang menggambarkan kemampuan perusahaan dalam memenuhi kewajiban (utang) jangka pendek. Artinya apabila ditagih, perusahaan akan mampu memenuhi utang tersebut terutama utang yang sudah jatuh tempo. Dan perhitungann rasio likuiditas memberikan cukup banyak manfaat bagi berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan terhadap perusahaan. Pihak yang paling berkepentingan yaitu pemilik perusahaan dan manajemen perusahaan. Kemudian, pihak luar perusahaan juga memiliki kepentingan seperti pihak kreditor atau penyedia dana bagi perusahaan, misalnya perbankan, atau juga pihak distributor atau supplier yang menyalurkan atau menjual barang yang pembayarannya secara angsuran kepada perusahaan. Maka dalam hal ini perhitungan rasio likuiditas tidak hanya berguna bagi perusahaan, namun juga bagi pihak luar perusahaan.
Climate change causes the rise of sea levels in the oceans
Authors: Trang Phạm Hà
Published: January 2022

Climate change is a global challenge, directly affecting ecosystems, environmental resources, and human life. One of its consequences is the problem of sea and ocean surface area, sea level is increasing day by day. In the long term, global mean sea level will continue to change continuously. The birth of the industrial revolution has made the Earth warmer and warmer, followed by many different causes leading to the rapid increase of global sea level: melting ice, expansion of the sea. water and changes in the Earth's climate system, costing the global economy trillions of dollars with many development consequences.
PERBANDINGAN SISTEM OPERASI LINUX DENAGN SISTEM OPERASI WINDOWS PADA SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN
Authors: Nasution Ali Nafia
Published: January 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berbasis Windows 10 bertajuk “Instalasi Sistem Operasi” ini bertujuan untuk menginformasikan Asahan, mahasiswa MAN, tentang penginstalan Kerangka kerja Windows. Teknik yang digunakan dalam aksi ini ialah dengan mengamati secara lantas madrasah School melalui cara menyelidiki dan menganalisis permasalahan atau troubleshooting yang terjadi pada lab komputer di MAN Asahan School. Selain itu, sebagai pelaksana kegiatan pengabdian ini, informasi masalah lab komputer sekolah akan diberikan kepada tim pengajar melalui tanya jawab sekarang dengan master bersama karyawan bahwa bekerja pada ruang monitor madrasah. Perolehan upaya ini penting untuk siswa dapat memperbaiki komputer serta memecahkan masalah PC sekolah dan rumah tanpa memerlukan suka rela pembetulan PC
Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type 3D : A Case Report
Authors: Fikri Fadel
Published: January 2022

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against cell nuclei and involves many organ systems in the body. The etiopathology of SLE is thought to involve complex and multifactorial interactions between genetic variation and environmental factors. Hyperthyroidism is a disease due to increased thyroid hormone function followed by signs and symptoms that affect the body's metabolic system. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies to TSHR (TRAb). Several coexisting autoimmune diseases have been classified under different syndromes. Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome (PGAS),Case Presentation: A woman, 29 years-old, came to office with complaint of chest palpitation. Patient had history of fever, joint pain, hair loss, and malar rash. Patient had been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for 4 years and regularly taking propylthiouracil 100 mg and propranolol 10 mg. Titer ANA Test 1/100, Anti ds-DNA 68.08, C3-Complement 93 (N: 83-193), C4-Complement 11.2 (N: 15-57), Free T3 7.79 (N: 1.71-3.71), Free -T4 2.50 (N: 0.70-1.48), TSHs 0.0001 (N: 0.350-4.94), TRAb 3.38 (N: < 1.75). Patient was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and grave's disease. Patient treated with methimazole 10 mg, propranolol 10 mg, myfortic 360 mg, and methylprednisolone 4 mg.Conclusion: Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes (APS) was at first characterized as different endocrine organ diseases related to an immune system disease in a subject. Hence, affiliation between illnesses in APS was noted not to be irregular but in specific combinations in which a few non-endocrine immune system diseases were moreover portion of the disorders.
Mental rotation of hands and objects in ageing and Parkinson’s disease: Differentiating motor imagery and visuospatial ability
Authors: Bek Judith , Humphries Stacey , Poliakoff Ellen , Brady Nuala
Published: January 2022

Motor imagery supports motor learning and performance, having the potential to be a useful tool for neurorehabilitation. However, motor imagery ability may be impacted by ageing and neurodegeneration, which could limit its therapeutic effectiveness. Motor imagery can be assessed implicitly using a hand laterality task (HLT), whereby laterality judgements are slower for stimuli corresponding to physically more difficult postures, as indicated by a “biomechanical constraint” effect for lateral versus medial orientations. Performance is also found to differ between back and palm views of the hand, which may differentially recruit visual and sensorimotor processes. Older adults are generally found to be slower at laterality judgement and show increased biomechanical effects than younger adults, and individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have also shown altered performance. However, the effects of both ageing and PD on laterality judgements for the different hand views (back and palm) have not been examined within the same study.The present study compared healthy younger, healthy older, and PD groups on HLT performance from back and palm views, as well as an object-based mental rotation task and an explicit motor imagery measure (vividness questionnaire). The older and PD groups were slower than the young groups on the HLT, particularly when judging laterality from the back view, and exhibited increased biomechanical constraint effects for the palm. While response times were generally similar between older and PD groups, the PD group showed reduced accuracy for the back view. Letter rotation was slower and less accurate only in the PD group. There was no significant difference between groups in explicit motor imagery. These results suggest that motor imagery may be slowed but relatively preserved in both typical ageing and neurodegeneration, while a PD-specific impairment in visuospatial processing may influence task performance. The findings have implications for the use of motor imagery in rehabilitation protocols.
The Outcomes of Physical Punishment are Typical of All Corrective Actions: A Response to Heilmann et al's (2021) Narrative Review
Authors: Larzelere Robert E. , Gunnoe Marjorie Lindner , Pritsker Joshua , Ferguson Christopher J. , Adkison-Johnson Carla , Mandara Jelani , Trumbull Den A.
Published: January 2022

The reputation of psychological science depends on the adequacy of the science underlying its policy recommendations. This commentary raises concerns about the science used by Heilman et al. (2021) in their recent narrative (not meta-analytic) review that encourages spanking bans worldwide. By reviewing controlled longitudinal studies, Heilmann et al. provided stronger causal evidence than the two meta-analyses of unadjusted correlations most frequently cited to support spanking bans. However, the two previously published meta-analyses of controlled longitudinal studies of spanking do not support spanking bans, due to the trivial size of the average adverse-looking effect of customary spanking in those studies. Moreover, several lines of evidence indicate that this trivial average effect is likely due to inadequate statistical controls rather than an actual adverse causal effect of typical spanking. We need stronger causal evidence for policy recommendations for both the welfare of children and the reputation of psychological science.
Distance to Vaccine Sites is Associated with Lower COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake
Authors: Mazar Asaf , Tomaino Geoffrey , Carmon Ziv , Wood Wendy , Jaro Daniel
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 remains a leading cause of mortality in the U.S., despite widespread availability of vaccines. Conventional wisdom ties failure to vaccinate primarily to vaccine-skeptic beliefs (e.g., conspiracy theories, partisanship). Yet in this research, we find that vaccination is also hindered by travel distance to vaccine sites (a form of friction, or structural barriers). In study 1, Californians living farther from vaccine sites had lower vaccination rates, and this effect held regardless of partisanship. In study 2, Chicago zip codes saw an uptick in vaccination following vaccine site opening. These results proved robust in multiverse analyses accounting for a wide range of covariates, outcomes, and distance indicators. COVID-19 vaccination is hampered not just by vaccine hesitancy, but also structural barriers like distance. Efforts to boost vaccination could benefit from minimizing friction.
Useful misrepresentation: perception as embodied proactive inference
Authors: Martin Joshua Michael , Solms Mark , Sterzer Philipp
Published: January 2022

According to the predictive processing framework, perception is geared to represent the environment in terms of embodied action opportunities as opposed to objective truth. Here, we argue that such an optimisation is reflected by biases in expectations (i.e., prior predictive information) that facilitate ‘useful’ inferences of external sensory causes. To support this, we highlight a body of literature suggesting that perception is systematically biased away from accurate estimates under conditions where utility and accuracy conflict with one another. We interpret this to reflect the brain’s attempt to adjudicate between conflicting sources of prediction error, as external accuracy is sacrificed to facilitate actions that proactively avoid physiologically surprising outcomes. This carries important theoretical implications and offers new insights into psychopathology.
Long ties, disruptive life events and economic prosperity
Authors: Jahani Eaman , Fraiberger Samuel P. , Bailey Michael , Eckles Dean
Published: January 2022

Social networks shape and reflect economic life. Prior studies have identified long ties, which connect people who lack mutual contacts, as a correlate of individuals’ success within firms and places’ economic prosperity. However, we lack population-scale evidence of the individual-level link between long ties and economic prosperity, and why some people have more long ties remains obscure. Here, using a social network constructed from interactions on Facebook, we establish a robust association between long ties and economic outcomes and study disruptive life events hypothesized to cause formation of long ties. Consistent with prior aggregated results, we show that administrative units with a higher fraction of long ties tend to have higher income and economic mobility. Individuals with more long ties live in higher income places and have higher values of proxies for economic prosperity (e.g., using more Internet-connected devices and making more donations). Furthermore, having stronger (i.e. higher intensity of interaction) long ties is associated with better outcomes, consistent with an advantage from the structural diversity constituted by long ties, rather than them being weak ties per se. Second, we uncover the role of disruptive life events in the formation of long ties later in life. Individuals who have migrated between US states, have transferred to a different high school, or have attended college outside their home state have a higher fraction of long ties among their contacts many years after the event. They also exhibit better outcomes along the three economic well-being proxies. Overall, these results suggest that long ties are robustly associated with economic prosperity and highlight roles for important life experiences in developing and maintaining long ties.
LEV V. PUMPYANSKII ON GUSTAVE FLAUBERT
Authors: Nikolaev Nikolai
Published: January 2022

The article addresses the views of Lev Vasil’evich Pumpyanskii (1891-1940), the prominent philologist and thinker, the friend and colleague of M.M. Bakhtin, on the artistic method of G. Flaubert. L.V. Pumpyanskii in his work «Turgenev and Flaubert» (1930) as well as in his unpublished book «Literature of Modern West and Amerika: 1920-1929» (1930) and unpublished note (1928) about K.A. Fedin’s novel The Brothers describes the artistic method of G. Flaubert as artisticism. For L.V. Pumpyanskii artisticism means the existence of strict creative distance, orientation on someone else’s word, stylization, particular objective world, and evocative method of description. According to L.V. Pumpyanskii Flaubert’s artisticism formed a whole epoch in the history of European literature and had a great influence on Pumpyanskii’s highly estimated Henry James and Thomas Mann.
GUISTAVE FLAUBERT AS LITERARY CRITIC
Authors: Pakhsaryan Natalia
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the uniqueness of the literary-critical position of Gustave Flaubert, a writer who did not leave large theoretical texts about literature, did not write manifestos or critical articles, but constantly reflects on writing in his correspondence. Through the epistolary reflection of Flaubert about literature, one can clarify his aesthetic position, understand the peculiarities of his relationship to the form and style of narration. The writer’s position was not stable and unambiguous: starting with attempts to create notes in the spirit of “romantic writing”, he comes to rejection of the open manifestation of sympathies and antipathies in art, advocating impersonal creativity, understanding the morality of art as what is contained in its beauty. Nevertheless, Flaubert’s thoughts should not be equated with the idea of “art for art”, he understood this idea in his own way and tried in every possible way to preserve a personal, unlike others attitude to literary creativity in general, and to individual writers and works.
“NEXT TO GENIOUS”: G. FLAUBERT IN M.M. BAKHTIN’S THINKING
Authors: Makhlin Vitaliy
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes Bakhtin’s 1944 notes on Flaubert. Under discussion is, first, some general background of Bakhtin’s philosophical and scientific methodology as expressed in the notes, secondly, the notes themselves. Bakhtin’s views on Flaubert and the novel of the 19th century are re-presented in connection with the Russian thinker’s theories of the “grotesque realism” and “novelization”as opposed to the “ideological culture of the new times”. The article discusses some principal methodological difficulties of Bakhtinian approach to literary texts as expressed in his notes on Flaubert. In contrast to most philosophical approaches to literature, Bakhtin always treats any text, in his own expression, “in the liminal spheres” of different disciplines, that is, as both a philosopher and literary critic, a theorist and a historian of literature and culture. In these notes this specificity of the Bakhtinian methodology is expressed drastically, but in principal it is quite typical to his thinking “on the borders”. In the subsequent parts of the article Bakhtin’s approach to Flaubert’s “realism” is commented on, from the point of view of those elements of his artistic vision and his world view, which, according to Bakhtin, are not congruous with the concept of the so-called “critical realism”. These elements, Bakhtin implies, belong not so much to the classical novel of the 19th century, but, rather, to what he calls “grotesque realism” before the new times and in the 20th century. These elements are: mutual reversal of “short” and “long” (or “great” time in the images of the day, Flaubert’s artistic opposition to the “straightforwardness” of the idea of “progress” typical for the European Enlightenment and the modernity at large., the artist’s interest in the “elemental life” of human beings and animals. These and some other elements characteristic of Flaubert’s art and ideology, Bakhtin treats as if from within “creative consciousness” of the author.
ROME AND CARTHAGE BY A.V. TIMOFEEV: ON THE PROBLEM OF THE GENESIS OF “HISTORICAL FANTASY” AS A GENRE VARIETY OF RUSSIAN ROMANTIC DRAMA OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors: MAN'KOVSKII ARKADII
Published: January 2022

The paper explores the genre of scarcely studied play by Russian minor writer Alexei V. Timofeev (1812-1883) Rome and Carthage (1837). Timofeev’s contemporary literary critic Osip Senkovskii treated like poet’s failure his use of romantic techniques in the play on ancient plot. Taking into account this opinion the paper analyzes the paratextual elements in the play, the way of describing characters, the division of the play into acts, the connection of the plot events with historical facts. The paper argues that the play approaches the kind of romantic drama, which the author suggests to call “historical fantasy” Its main feature is the coexisting in the plot mythology and religious tradition, on the one hand, and historical events, on the other, the heroes of historical chronicles and the heroes of folk legends, belief in miracles and rationalism. The goal of historical fantasy is to produce a generalized image of the time, to convey the spirit of the epoch while the dramatic action takes a secondary place. Samples of the genre were given in the works of Alexander A. Shakhovskoi, Alexander I. Gertsen, Apollon N. Maikov. Timofeev’s play was just in the way to this kind of drama.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE PRETEXTS OF THE ISTORY OF ONE CITY BY M.E. SALTYKOV-SHCHEDRIN
Authors: Ranchin Andrei
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the introductory chapter of the History of One City by M.Ye. Saltykov-Shchedrin and argues that the interpretation of the villainous Roman emperors (Caligula and Nero) by the fictional author of the introduction as a kind of symbolic figures - models for famous rulers - was inspired by the assessment of the “glorious” crimes of the French robber Cartush in the introduction of Matvei Komarov’s book The Story of the Swindler Van’ka Cain . The author of The History of One City , using the model of assimilating a morally flawed domestic historical personality to foreign criminals, replaces the ingenuous admiration characteristic of the pretext with an ironic one. The parallel with the book about Van’ka Kain is not the only echo with the works of Russian literature of the 18th century in the introduction to the chronicle of Saltykov-Shchedrin. The text of introduction also reveals a correlation with the Ode of 1747 by M.V. Lomonosov.
INFERNAL PRINCIPLE IN F.M. DOSTOEVSKY’S STORY BOBOK
Authors: Revyakov Ivan
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of Feodor M. Dostoevsky’s short story Bobok from the point of view of the embodiment and action of the infernal principle in it. It is shown that the infernal principle plays a structure-forming role in the artistic reality of Bobok , being, in fact, its ontological basis. The article esablishes the relashions between Bobok and Plato’s dialogue Symposium . It is discussed also the phenomenon of infernality in Dostoevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazovs and its traces in Michail A. Bulgakov’s novel Master and Margarita .
Comparative Study of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Evidence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Systemic Hypertension
Authors: Dhodary Shyam , Uranw Surendra , Pandey Naveen Kumar , Karki Prahlad
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims: Hypertension is a common health problem. Left ventricular hypertrophy, a condition in hypertension is a risk factor for myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. This study aims to detect left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients using Electrocardiography and echocardiography.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study; 143 patients of Hypertension from February 2019 to August 2019 were enrolled. They were evaluated for left ventricular hypertrophy using electrocardiography and echocardiography. Sokolow-Lyon and Cornell Voltage electrocardiographic criteria were used and their sensitivities and specificities to detect left ventricular hypertrophy were calculated taking echocardiography as a gold standard method.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 58.69 ± 11.33 years. Mean duration of hypertension was 4.72 ±3.2 years. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 137 ± 15.42 mmHg and 84 ± 10.5 mmHg respectively. Out of 143 study population, 30(21%) of them had left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiography as defined by Sokolow-Lyon criteria, and 29(20.3%) had left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiography as per Cornell Voltage criteria. On combining both Sokolow-Lyon and Cornell Voltage criteria, 37(25.9%) of the study population had left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiography (either as per Sokolow-Lyon or Cornell Voltage criteria). On echocardiography, 62(43.4%) of them were found to have left ventricular hypertrophy.
Conclusions: Electrocardiography is a less sensitive tool to diagnose Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in hypertension but its specificity is high (>95%). Investigation of choice to detect Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in hypertensive people is still the echocardiography.
Retrospective analysis of the role of Ulinastatin in reducing mortality in severe pancreatitis in critical care unit in Nepal
Authors: Khadka Bikash , Adhikari Hemant , Poudel Saroj , Khanal Kishor
Published: January 2022

Background: Acute pancreatitis sequelae require a multidisciplinary approach and ICU care. Ulinastatin is a serine proteases inhibitor that reduces inflammation by suppressing the infiltration of neutrophils and elastase release and inflammatory mediators that help improve clinical symptoms and reduce mortality. This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of Ulinastatin.
Methods: Fifty-two patients admitted to ICU with acute pancreatitis were divided into; Ulinastatin group who received a 3 to 5 days course of 200,000IU, and Control Group who didn’t receive ulinastatin. Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean age was lower among the Ulinastatin group at 43 years (p-Value 0.014) and Hepatic dysfunction was more among this group (p-value 0.04). Among new onset of organ dysfunction, only CVS dysfunction was significant among the Control group ( p-value 0.044) while respiratory function recovery (p-value 0.04) and coagulation profile improvement (p-value 0.017) was statistically significant among the Ulinastatin group. The mean duration of hospital stay was shorter among control group, 9.65 days vs 14 days, a p-value of 0.05and also the average duration of stay in MDICU was lower, 4 days vs 8.5 days, p-value 0.0044 in comparison to Ulinastatin group. Overall mortality incidence was 15.38%, 19% in Ulinastatin group vs 11.5% in Control group.
Conclusion: This retrospective study is our experience in the use of Ulinastatin which has shown little efficacy in declining mortality and/or hospital stay duration though it helps prevent new organ dysfunctions.
Angiograhic profile and in-hospital outcome of young patients presenting with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in tertiary cardiac hospital
Authors: Pandey Rabindra , Maskey Arun , Shrestha Bishal , Budhathoki Arjun , Malla Sabindra Bhupal , Baniya Bibek , Bhatta Surendra , Shrestha Sashit , Yadav Parveen Kumar
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the angiographic profile and in hospital outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention among young patients presenting with acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and underwent primary PCI.

Methods: The retrospective observational study was conducted at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre (SGNHC), Kathmandu, from july 2020 to June 2021, and included acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Data was collected on demographic, angiographic, and in-hospital outcomes. Patients <45 years were considered young. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.

Results: Total 104 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age of presentation was 40.16 ± 4.42 years. Over three-fourth of the patients were male 80 (76.9%). Smoking was the most prevalent risk factor with 61 (58.6%) patients followed by hypertension 35 (33.6%) and dyslipidemia 23 (22.1%). Single Vessel Disease (SVD) was the most common finding seen in 62 patients (59.6%) and Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) was the most commonly involved artery seen in approximately three fourth patients 80 (76.9%) followed by RCA 61 (58.6%) and LCX 15(14.4%). Left Main Coronary Artery is involved in 3 patients (2.9%). 6 (5.8%) patients suffered from cardiogenic shock either at admission or during hospital stay. Total In hospital mortality was seen in 3 (2.9%) patients.

Conclusions: Among young patients (<45 years old) with STEMI who underwent PPCI in underdeveloped country majority are males and smoking is the most prevalent risk factor. Single vessel disease and LAD involvement is the most common angiographic finding and they have favorable in-hospital outcome.
Demystifying opportunistic infections in an AIDS patient of 21st century in Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Sanjeet , Shah Devendra , Rayamajhi Sulav , Bhusal Yuvaraj , Khanal Kishor , Upadhyaya Prabhaw , Shrestha Sanjeet Krishna
Published: January 2022

Currently, there is no cure for Human immunodeficiency virus /Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) but, there are medications to control HIV and prevent opportunistic infections. Clinicians must be vigilant enough to extract history and send relevant laboratory investigations to diagnose the disease in early stage. Patient may not have known his /her diagnosis or intentionally avoided to reveal the disease status which further complicates the diagnosis and treatment. This is case of a 51 years male, where social stigma forces the patient to hide his diagnosis and reluctant to seek medical treatment ultimately reaps the life. Hence, government and concerned authority must work up for wide availability of HIV/AIDS medications and motivate people to seek medical advices as soon as possible. Concerned authority must motivate people to consider it as any other treatable disease.
Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail therapy for COVID-19: A Pharmacological innovation
Authors: Robinson Jared , Banerjee Indrajit
Published: January 2022

The novel SARS-CoV-2 infection has ripped through international health systems and protocols causing unprecedented mortality, morbidity and global trade deficits amounting to billions. Various monoclonal antibodies have been proposed for use in the treatment of COVID-19 infections. One such drug is LY-CoV555 which in an ongoing phase two trial study conducted by Chen P et al, showed to have an elimination of 99.97% of the viral RNA. The monoclonal antibody 47D11 discovered by Wang et al, binds to SARS-CoV-2. The 47D11 has been reconfigured into a human IgG1 isotope. It has shown that the 47D11 mAb effectively neutralizes the SARS-COV-2 virus. The stance and development however for the treatment of COVID-19 with monoclonal antibodies has shifted from a monotherapy to a so-called monoclonal antibody “cocktail” therapy.

REGN-COV2 is such a cocktail developed with the use of two monoclonal antibodies REGN10987 and REGN10933 which have subsequently been named Imdevimab and Casirivimab. REGN-COV2 is currently under study in four phase 2 and 3 trial studies. These studies are multicentric in nature and are being conducted to evaluate the drug’s efficacy, dosing and clinical use as compared to the placebo. The mechanism of action of such monoclonal antibodies is related chiefly to the inhibition of the virus’s ability to perform its invasion and multiplication within the human body.

The severity coupled with the sheer novelty of the SARSCoV-2 virus demands the use of newer therapies to both decrease the mortality and morbidity in patients suffering from the infection. The use of a combination of monoclonal antibodies is thereby well established and evident to both decrease the viral infection load, but is also useful in disrupting the virus’s life cycle and thus decreases the replication and viral shedding. It is therefore poignant that a combination of monoclonal antibodies, a “cocktail” therapy is employed so as to attack the virus at its various stages and thus this multifaceted approach may enhance the patient’s prognosis.
Malay Version of Moral Identity Scale: A Cross-Cultural Validation In Malaysian Youth
Authors: Yusoff Nasir , Shaharum Muaz Haqim , Kueh Yee Cheng
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The Moral Identity Scale (MIS) measures the construct of moral identity – internalization and symbolization. This study aims to translate and validate the original English version of MIS to the Malay language version.  Methods: The 10 items of MIS (five items of symbolization and five items of internalization) were translated to the Malay language through forward and backward procedures.  A total of 388 youth-aged participants were involved in this online survey.  Participants’ age ranged from 18-24 years old.  More than half were females.  Results: The construct of moral identity was maintained with the re-modeling of internalization.  The final model suggested retaining the three internalization items and five symbolization items.  Discriminant validity and the construct reliability of the two factors were satisfactory (symbolization=0.81, internalization=0.69).  Internal consistencies indicated acceptable Cronbach’s alpha values for both symbolization (0.85) and internalization (0.81).  Test-retest Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was good and satisfactory (internalization=0.79 and symbolization=0.81).  Conclusion: The Malay version of MIS is a reliable tool and free from cultural bias which is useful to be applied in a public health-related program.
Factors Contributing to Red Blood Cells Crossmatch and Transfusion among Obstetrics Patients in a Single Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Noordin Siti Salmah , Ismail Amrah , Abdul Karim Faraizah , Iliassa Intan Iliana
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: Transfusion of blood and blood components among obstetrics patients is a common practice but they are not without risks. This study aims to determine crossmatch to transfusion ratio (C:T ratio) and to assess the factors that influence red blood cells (RBC) transfusion among obstetrics patients in a single tertiary hospital.  MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of RBC crossmatch requests with data collected from 350 obstetrics patients. The patients were grouped into either received RBC transfusion or did not receive transfusion. Demographics and clinical characteristics were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The mean C:T ratio was 3.1. Of 350 patients, 149 (42.6%) patients did receive RBC transfusion. Patients with underlying hemoglobinopathy (75.9%), history of postpartum hemorrhage (63.6%), underwent instrumental assisted delivery (64.3%), and with hemoglobin level of < 70 g/L upon crossmatch requests (90.5%) did receive RBC transfusion. Cesarean section (p=0.011), hemoglobin level < 99 g/L (p<0.001), estimated blood loss > 1000 mL (p<0.001), and symptomatic anemia (p=0.029) were the significant factors associated with RBC transfusion. CONCLUSION: The mean C:T ratio in our study was high. Identifying the factors contributing to RBC transfusion among obstetrics patients are important to reduce unnecessary crossmatch and subsequently improve blood inventory management, and thus further reduce the risks associated with allogeneic transfusion.
HALK İNANÇLARININ İŞLEVLERİ VE DÜŞÜNSEL TEMELLERİ
Authors: ABDURREZZAK Ali
Published: January 2022

İnanç; toplumların kültürel, sosyal, psikolojik açıdan tepkilerini ve yapılarını şekillendiren bir işleve sahiptir. Özellikle insanı doğrudan ilgilendiren ve hayatını idame ettirmek için ihtiyaç duyduğu doğayı canlı bir yapı olarak gören insanoğlunun, kendi kurallarını tabiatın sunduklarına göre ilişkilendirmesi iyi ve kötü ruhların var olduğu inancını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Genel itibariyle kara iye olarak tabir edilen kötü ruhların insan zihninde nasıl tasavvur edildiği, sosyal hayatı nasıl şekillendirdiği, bu kötü ruhlardan korunma ve kaçınma ritüellerini meydana getiren bilinç yapısı zihinleri meşgul etmektedir. İstenmeyen davranışlar, kabul görmeyen sözler ve hareketlerin yanında olumlu etkilere sahip söz ve davranışlar toplumların günlük hayatlarında bir tür yazısız kuralların oluşmasını sağlamıştır. Sağlıklı, huzurlu, bereketli bir hayat düzeni için belli başlı tabuların oluşmasıyla yapılması ve uzak durulması gereken davranış kalıpları şekillenmiş ve benimsenmiştir. Kötü ruhlardan korunmanın yanında kötü ruhun sebep olduğu olumsuz etkilerden de kurtulma amaçlı uygulamalar davranışları kutlu bir hâle dönüştürmüş ve ritüel hâline gelmiştir. Halk inançlarının temelinde özellikle korkunun yer aldığı ve bu duygu ile korunup geçmişten günümüze taşındığı her toplumda ortak işlevler etrafında şekillendiği görülmektedir.Bu çalışmada halk inançlarının psikososyal, sosyokültürel, sosyoekonomik, sembolik ve ritüel işlevleri ve bu işlevler içerisinde farklı kültürlere ait geleneksel inançlardan da örnekler verilerek halk inançlarının düşünsel temelleri disiplinler arası bir bakış ile ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
19. YÜZYILIN İLK YARISINDA RUS GEZGİNLERİN GÖZÜYLE DOĞU AKDENİZ VE ANTALYA: AVRAAM NOROV’UN “PUTEŞESTVİYE K SEMİ SERKVA” İSİMLİ SEYAHATNAMESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DOĞAN Şahin
Published: January 2022

19. yüzyılın ilk yarısı Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi açısından çok önemli askeri, siyasi ve uluslararası gelişmelerin yaşandığı bir dönem olmuştur. Söz konusu dönemde bu bölgenin büyük bir bölümünün Osmanlı İmparatorluğu sınırları içerisinde olması ayrıca konunun önemini artıran bir husustur. Diğer taraftan 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısı hem Rusya hem de Osmanlı Devleti için önemli askeri ve siyasi gelişmelerin yaşandığı bu iki devlet arasındaki ilişkilerin de oldukça yoğunlaştığı bir dönem olmuştur. Bu makalenin konusunu oluşturan Rus gezginlerin eserleri Osmanlı Devleti’nin, önemli siyasi, sosyal, uluslararası ilişkiler ve askeri gelişmelerinin yaşandığı bu dönemi hakkında oldukça önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Seyahatnamelerde Arap Yarımadası, Mısır, Suriye, Irak, Filistin, Doğu Akdeniz’deki adalar ayrıca Balkanlar ve Anadolu coğrafyası hakkında çok önemli izlenimler aktarılmaktadır. Bu makale ile Rus gezginlerinin Doğu Akdeniz’de yaptıkları geziler hakkında bir değerlendirme yapıldıktan sonra bu geziler için önemli bir örnek teşkil eden Rusya’da bakanlık gibi oldukça üst düzeyde bir devlet görevinde bulunmuş olan Avraam Sergeyeviç Norov’un yaptığı geziyi kaleme aldığı “Puteşestviye Semi Serkvam” isimli notları incelenmiştir. Makalemizin kaynağını teşkil eden 1847 yılında yayımlanmış olan “Puteşestviye k Semi Serkvam, Upominayemım v Apokalipsise” isimli seyahatname Sergeyeviç Norov’un 1835-1836 tarihlerinde kutsal yerleri ziyaret amacıyla gerçekleştirdiği bir yolculuğun sonucunda kaleme alınmış bir eserdir. Makalede bu eserde yer almış olan Norov’un Doğu Akdeniz ve özellikle Antalya izlenimleri aktarılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir.
MODERNLEŞME TEORİSİ BAĞLAMINDA HİNDİSTAN VE PAKİSTAN EKONOMİSİ
Authors: AYDIN Cihat
Published: January 2022

Modernleşme teorisi, sanayileşmiş ve gelişmiş Batı toplumlarında olduğu gibi, az gelişmiş veya gelişmekte olan ülkelerin de ekonomik kalkınmalarını gerçekleştirebilmeleri için Batı toplumlarının izlediği yolu izlemeleri gerektiğini belirten teoridir. Modernleşme teorisine göre, gelişmekte olan ülkeler demokratikleştikleri ölçüde ekonomik kalkınma sağlayabilirler. Başka bir ifadeyle, modernleşme teorisi demokrasi olmadan ekonomik kalkınmanın gerçekleşemeyeceğini savunmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler olarak Güney Asya’da bulunan ve 1947 yılında kurulan Hindistan ve Pakistan, bu çalışmada modernleşme teorisi üzerinden irdelenecektir. Hindistan, Soğuk Savaş yıllarında Batı bloku içinde yer almamış, Sovyet tipi ekonomi modeline benzer şekilde “kendi kendine yetme” anlamına gelen swadeshi prensibine göre ekonomi politikasını belirlemiştir. Serbest piyasa ekonomisine geçmesi ve ekonomide liberalizasyona gidilmesi, 1990’lı yılların başından itibaren dönemin Hindistan Maliye Bakanı Manmohan Singh liderliğinde kademeli bir şekilde gerçekleşmiştir. Ancak ekonomideki liberalizasyona karşın azınlıklar açısından tehditler içeren ve antidemokratik uygulamalara yol açan Hindu milliyetçiliği güç kazanmaya başlamıştır. Pakistan ise, kurulduğu yıllardan itibaren Batı bloku içerisinde yer almış olup Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile önemli ilişkiler geliştirmiştir. Ancak bütün denemelere rağmen demokratikleşme çabaları sonuçsuz kalmıştır. Pakistan’ın demokratikleşme çabaları ordunun yönetime askeri darbelerle el koyması sonucunda sekteye uğramıştır. Pakistan, ekonomik kalkınmayı serbest piyasa ekonomisini benimsemesine rağmen devlet eliyle gerçekleştirmeye çalışmıştır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada 1947 yılında İngiltere’nin Hint alt kıtasından çekilmesi sonucu yaşanan bölünmeyle kurulan Hindistan ve Pakistan’ın demokratikleşme çabaları ve ekonomik kalkınma süreçleri modernleşme teorisi bağlamında ele alınacaktır.