bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation Teaching Strategies For Arabic Language Education Students at The State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Ponorogo
Authors: Mukminin Amir
Published: July 2021

This study aims to explore teaching methods and strategies in teaching translation among lecturers at IAIN Ponorogo. In their teaching, the lecturers determine the high goals, that is being able to translate Arabic into Indonesian, and the reverse; However, students' language competence is not good enough to achieve that goal because translation is a work that must be supported by various types of competencies such as understanding text, understanding Arabic grammar, understanding methods and translation strategies, and so on. Student competencies are not in accordance with the specific goals in this education, and this fact is what leads lecturers to carry out effective teaching and use good types of teaching methods and strategies so that education is successful and students can achieve the goals. Researchers used a qualitative approach and explored descriptive facts such as written voices or individual speeches, contemplative traits and data sources. The data analysis method is descriptive analysis with three methods, namely data reduction and data presentation. The results of this study are 1) The method used in teaching translation: translation is word by word, because translation is done between separation by placing the translation under the source language in order to maintain word order. The word is translated as a word in a general sense. Pro translation because it produces contextual meaning of the source language into the target language appropriately. Therefore, translators are careful in translating cultural vocabulary and adjusting grammar. This method seeks to achieve the author's goals. 2) The strategy used is an expansion against the target, and the word element is an expansion in the target language, semantic translation, ordinal translation, transcription or semantic translation intersection. 3) And the learning outcomes obtained by students are good, academic results are not good. The result of the equation 70 (seventy).
The Production of Supplementary Learning Materials of Arabic Grammatology Based on The Curriculum 2013 with Scientific Approach at The First State Islamic Senior Hight School Malang
Authors: Shobirin Abdurrahman , Wargadinata Wildana , Hasan Nur
Published: July 2021

Arabic language book used by a student of of the first state islamic senior hight school Malang city head for commanding every language skills, there are listenig, reading, speaking, and writing. However the content within a book is not complete yet with arabic grammatology materials that it was agreeable by scientific approach in curriculum 2013. So, the book need supplementary learning materials to complete teaching complement. This research is development research use Borg and Gall model that it consist of 10 steps. This reserach use observation, interview, questioner, and test even gotten the data such quallitative and quatitative data. Research findings: (1) researcher was produced supplementary learning materials called by “al-mutammim” because it was be complement based on student needs. (2) based on produc validation values by the book design validator and the content of the nahwu material, this teaching material worthy of use at The Islamic State Senior High School. (3) this teaching materials able to upgrade student’s understanding and using this teaching materials was be effective for him
Management of Planning and Learning Design in the Majelis Al-Lughah Al-‘Arabiyah Programe (MLA) in Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bengkulu
Authors: Mahdatila Tiara Shinta , Sianipar Tiara S M , Oktalia Beni , Arifa Zakiyah
Published: July 2021

The Arabic Language Council (MLA) is one of the pioneering programs at Bengkulu Islamic State University in improving the quality of Arabic language learning. Learning in this program is presented more enjoyably and strengthens intimacy among students, so that it can help Arabic students in solving problems while studying Arabic. In this paper, the researchers discuss the planning management and education design in the Arabic Language Council (MLA) program at the Islamic State University Bengkulu. This research aims to describe the planning management and education design in the MLA program. In this research, researchers used descriptive qualitative research in the case study design. As for the method of data collection, it means interviewing notes and documents. The researchers used the metadata analysis method. This research uses analysis from Miles and Huberman. The result of the research is the activities of this program uses planning based on the time dimension that consists of weekly, monthly and yearly programs. Mutual legal assistance program planning also uses joint planning. The aspects of the organization are clear. There are clear objectives and organizational structures to achieve the goals
Developing The Textbook “Arabic Books by Scientific Approach In Curriculum 2013” Using Mind Mapping (Research and Development For Fourth Grade of MIT Daarut Tahfidz al-Ikhlas)
Authors: Nisak Rahmatun
Published: July 2021

A textbook is a prominent source to attract student’s attention. Arabic Books by Scientific Approach in Curriculum 2013 is a textbook used in learning Arabic at MIT Daarut Tahfidz al-Ikhlas. However, the researcher found problems experienced by students in learning grammar, they are difficulties in understanding content material, so that make the students in boredom and less enthusiastic in learning. So this research purpose to develop the textbook using the Mind Mapping used in learning Arabic at MIT Daarut Tahfidz al-Ikhlas. This research aims to know the process of developing the textbook “Arabic Books by Scientific Approach in Curriculum 2013” and to know the effectiveness of using a book which has been developed. The researcher using the methodology of scientific research and development (Research & Development / R & D). The data collection consists of direct observation, interview, and test in 24 samples in the fourth-grade students. In the results of the research, the developed textbook with mind mapping was effective in improving the ability of students in learning grammar, the calculated of t-count on the result, as analyzed by the researcher t-test related. The theoretical value (t-table) on the degree of freedom 8 df = and at the level of significance of 5% (0.05 = α) is 1.86.Keywords: Development, Textbook, Mind Mapping
The Role of Museums in a Digital World – Attracting Youth and Overcoming COVID19 Obstacles
Authors: Novakovic Jelena
Published: July 2021

In the world of digital technology, overwhelmed with information and content, digitalization is often perceived as a process of alienation. This article will challenge that perception and demonstrate that digital museums actually present a unique opportunity to develop interest in art and attracting people not only to art in general but to on-site cultural institutions as well. Digital museums can, among other roles, assume the role of interpreting cultural heritage, but are also the best way to attract a young au-dience to art. This article examines the opportunities provided by digital technology for museums in terms of communication and dissemination of knowledge. The particular emphasis will be on the use of digital collections as well as on connecting and interacting with the public, particularly with a young au-dience. If there was any doubt about the importance and influence of digital museums, the COVID-19 pandemic was a final proof that digital museums have a much greater value than is generally admitted, and that they have become an indispensable part of the overall museum experience in all museums that have been able to develop them as a part of overall museum strategy.
Sociocultural Attitudes Regarding Gender Differences in Mathematics Education and Implications for Related Employment
Authors: Skital Ezri , Tiru Laurentiu-Gabriel
Published: July 2021

For many years in several countries there has been gender inequality in mathematics achievement, and girls are less likely to study and specialize in precise sciences. A primary explanation for these gender differences is sociocultural. The attitudes and perceptions prevalent in a society’s culture regarding gen-der can affect students’ attitudes and performance in maths education and their choice to pursue pro-fessional careers in maths related areas. Studies have found that learning in single-sex classrooms can influence girls’ achievements and attitudes. The goal of the present study is to examine the attitudes of girls in mixed and single-sex classrooms towards mathematics and towards gender differences in mathematics. The study population included 281 students in the fifth to ninth grades, attending state-religious schools in Israel. The participants completed a multiple-choice questionnaire, which addressed their attitudes toward mathematics and possible differences between boys and girls. Most of the girls, in both types of classrooms, expressed positive attitudes towards learning mathematics and egalitarian views, although differences were found as girls learning in mixed-sex classes expressed views that were slightly more egalitarian. In addition, girls in single-sex classrooms expressed a moderately higher agreement in the “girls are better” category.
Improving the Availability of University Offerings for the Business Sector Based on Blended Learning Tools
Authors: Lis Marcin
Published: July 2021

In the dynamic contemporary world, characterised by the ubiquitous presence of information and com-munication technologies, the role and tasks of higher education institutions and their links with the so-cial and economic environment keep changing. These institutions also undergo the process of digital transformation and actively respond to the needs of entrepreneurs. Blended learning – a solution which sees the value in building interpersonal relationships while taking advantage of e-learning tools – can significantly increase the availability of an institution’s educational offering for the business sector.
La Escuela Batalla de las Guásimas en el periodo 1972-1976: vivencias y apreciaciones
Authors: Ávila-Rodríguez Martha María , Corbea Jiménez Marciano
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del artículo es describir las vivencias afectivas y apreciaciones que justifican la huella socialmente significativa de la escuela Batalla de las Guásimas desde la subjetividad de los docentes y estudiantes del período 1972-1976. Es un estudio de carácter descriptivo; se utilizaron la observación participante no estructurada, encuesta, entrevista y el testimonio de las vivencias individuales. Mediante el análisis de contenido se procesó la información: lista de los ítems, agrupamiento y codificación e identificación de nexos y connotaciones. Se corrobora la relevancia de este centro en la experiencia de vida de la población estudiada: las nociones consagración, compromiso y preparación para la vida y los calificativos maravillosa, hermosa e inolvidable, confirman la positividad de las vivencias afectivas.
Autism spectrum as a communication disorder: A case study
Authors:   Djillali Liabes University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria, Senouci Mayada
Published: July 2021

Communication is a vital social phenomenon; therefore, its study must be related to theories of social structure, social behavior, and human interaction. Successful communication is substantially crucial for better social life in all contexts. Unfortunately, the process of communication in medical settings and healthcare is challenging, especially when communicating with patients who are affected by cognitive communicative disorders including people with Autism Spectrum Disorders. This paper aims to address the difficulties and the different encumbrances related to autism and communication in the Algerian context. It attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of communication interventions in children with ASD, and look for reliable methods to help families promote their children's communication abilities. The current research is a case study of a six-year-old child with ASD, in addition to the participants involved; his caregivers, parents, escorts, and the speech therapist. The study shows that the child suffers from language impairments that are typical of autistic children's verbal repertoire: lexical, grammatical, morphological, and syntactic impairments that lead to a failure in the communicative task. The analysis of the data indicates that patients with ASD suffer also from different extra-linguistic problems which can be diminished through successful social interaction and effective therapeutic interventions.
Problems and Needs Analysis of English for Tourism Industry: A Case of Hotel Staff in Phang Nga Province, Thailand
Authors:   Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Thailand, Sermsook Kanyakorn , Nakplad Rattaneekorn , Jantawong Ladawan
Published: July 2021

Tourism is an important industry that has created a lot of income for many nations, including Thailand; therefore, it is essential to increase its potential as a more sustainable and successful industry, in particular to support a sustainable recovery of nations’ economies after a tough situation like Covid-19. The present study was carried out to investigate tourism staff’s problems and needs for using English at work and to explore their needs for improving English for their work. The participants were 200 hotel staff in Phang Nga Province, Thailand. Data were collected through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed for data analysis. The findings showed that in general, the hotel staff’s problem in using English at work was at a moderate level (M=2.76, S.D.=1.11). They had English writing problems the most. They found it very difficult to write letters or e-mails in English. Regarding their needs for using English, it was found that every English skill was rated at a high level (M=3.75, S.D.=1.11), and English speaking was the most necessary. The hotel staff reported that they had to speak English to welcome, greet and say good-bye to foreign guests. Pertaining to their needs for improving English, overall, the hotel staff needed to improve their English skills at a high level (M=3.85, S.D.=0.98). They highly needed to improve their English use in every aspect, especially English listening. Based on the interview information, English courses, handbooks or applications relating to English for hotels are truly needed for their English use improvement.
Aile Hekimlerinin Toplum Eczacılarının Mesleki Görev ve Sorumlulukları Hakkındaki Görüşleri
Authors: SOLMAZ Hatice , UZUN Mehmet Barlas , ÖZÇELİKAY Gülbin
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada aile hekimlerinin toplum eczacılarının mesleki görev ve sorumlulukları ile ilgili görüşleri belirlenmeye çalışılmış ve aile hekimi-toplum eczacısı ilişkisini geliştirmek için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.Yöntem: Çalışma, betimsel tipte bir araştırma olup, anket tekniği kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini toplum eczacılarının mesleki görev ve sorumlulukları ile alakalı ifadeleri içeren anket formları oluşturmaktadır. Anket formu, Ankara ili merkezinde görev yapan aile hekimlerine yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır. Çalışmaya 197 aile hekimi katılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, pek çok aile hekimi eczacıları ilaç ve sağlıkla ilgili ilaç dışı ürünlerin danışmanlığı konusunda güvenilir olarak görmektedir. Ancak, pek çok aile hekimi ilaçla ilgili karar verme sürecinde, gerektiğinde toplum eczacılarının onlara yardımcı olmasına olumsuz bakmaktadır. Aile hekimleri tarafından olumsuz bakılan bir diğer konu toplum eczacılarının doğum kontrol ve aile planlaması hakkında hastaya danışmanlık vermesidir.Sonuç: Günümüzde yüksek düzeyde iş birliğine dayalı, ekip odaklı bir sağlık hizmeti sunumu, birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesini arttırmak için teşvik edilmektedir. Ülkemizde, aile hekimleri ve toplum eczacılarının iş birliğinin geliştirilmesi, birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesini arttırarak, hastaların sağlığını ve yaşam kalitesini iyileştirecektir.
Visualizing the Effect of Built Environment on COVID-19 Transmission: A Community-Level Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: WANG Siqin
Published: July 2021

With the outbreak of a novel respiratory coronavirus disease (COVID-19) over the world, restriction of human mobility plays an important role to reduce the potential for the spread of virus. People are restricted for limited activities in local communities where the built environment in communities serve as a mediated pathway for the virus transmission. Our study aims to examine to what extent built environment factors explain COVID-19 transmission at the community level. Drawing on primary data collected from 648 communities in Wuhan, China, we employed a geographically weighted regression and a 3D mapping approach to examine the relationship between COVID-19 confirmed cases and three built environment factors including green coverage, property price, and underground parking. We find that green coverage and property price explain COVID-19 transmission better in communities with a larger amount of confirmed cases
Thy Governance Matters: A Study on Governance Practices of Stock Exchanges in India
Authors: Majumder Amit
Published: July 2021

Historically the responsibility of ushering the practices of good governance, transparent management and effective control process for the corporate houses rests under the jurisdiction of those stock exchanges where the shares of the companies are listed. However, the very question of the management and governance of these stock exchange houses are always under the scanner across the globe in view of the limitations of their historic pattern of member-owned ‘non-profit’ kind of mutual organizational structure. The lacunae of that typical organizational structure was that their activities are primarily targeted towards members interests as well as that set up was not immune fully from the malice like insider trading and conflict of interest for office bearers and traders. In view of this following the global pattern the Union Government of India had decided for corporatization of stock exchanges thereby creating a separation of ownership, management and trading membership of stock exchanges which is formally known as demutualization and corporatization of stock exchanges. A committee was set up by the SEBI under the chairmanship of Justice M.H. Kania which had submitted the report in 2002 recommending corporatizations and demutualization of stock exchanges which become mandatory for every stock exchange in India to implement within a stipulated period of time. Against this backdrop the present study is conducted to make an overview of the present state of governance affairs of major stock exchanges in India. It has been observed that the corporatization and governance practices of the major bourses in India had followed governance practices like separation of the post of chairman and CEO, inclusion of public interest directors as outside directors in the board, adherence to code of conducts for directors, organizing frequent meetings of directors etc.
State capital in a geoeconomic world: Mapping state-led foreign investment in the global political economy
Authors: Babic Milan
Published: July 2021

What are the consequences of the rise of foreign state-led investment for international politics? Existing research oscillates between a “geopolitical” and a “commercial” logic driving this type of investment and remains inconclusive about its wider international reverberations. In this paper, I suggest going beyond this dichotomy by analyzing its systemic consequences. To do so, I conceptually delineate a geoeconomic approach that emphasizes the globalized nature of foreign state investment. I argue that foreign state investment creates system-level patterns, which can be studied by observing similar sectoral and geographic investment behavior. I map this phenomenon globally for the first time, using the largest dataset on foreign state investment. Empirically, I show how foreign state investment is highly concentrated in Europe, North America and East Asia, and among a few powerful states as owners. It is especially European geo-industrial clusters that represent the hotspots of such concentration. The findings also suggest that three global industries – energy production, high-tech manufacturing, and transportation and logistics – form the key areas for current and future state-led investment concentration. With these contributions, the paper illuminates the increasing presence of states as owners in the global political economy, and facilitates its study as a geoeconomic phenomenon.
Status ilmu gizi
Authors: irvan Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Hubungan Perilaku Makan dengan Status GiziPerilaku penyuka makanan merupakan kondisi seseorang dalam menyukai makananberdasarkan ketertarikan terhadap makanan, keinginan untuk makan, perasaan saat makan,keinginan untuk minum, dan pemilihan jenis makanan baru yang cenderung tinggi (Yumni,2016)Perilaku makan pada anak berperan penting terhadap status gizi termasuk kejadianstatus gizi kurang dan status gizi lebih, seperti pada hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukanmenunjukkan kecenderungan siswa yang memiliki status gizi lebih memiliki perilakumakan yaitu penyuka makanan. Perilaku penyuka makanan yang tinggi dapat memberikandampak yang kurang baik terhadap kondisi kesehatan khususnya dari segi status gizi yangmenyebabkan anak mengalami gizi lebih (Yumni, 2016).Dalam hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Sugatama & Adhi (2014) mengenaistatus gizi anak tunagrahita dan tunarungu menyatakan bahwa anak dengan tunagrahitacenderung mengalami overweight atau gizi lebih dibandingkan dengan anak tunarunguyang cenderung mengalami underweight atau gizi kurang. Keadaan tersebut disebabkankarena tingkat aktivitas tunagrahita yang cenderung kurang akibat keterbatasan mentalyang dimiiki, sehingga perlu adanya bantuan orang lain dalam melakukan aktvitasnyadibandingkan dengan anak tunarungu yang hanya mengalami gangguan pendengaran.Karena adanya batasan dalam makanan tersebut, maka anak tunagrahita cenderungmemiliki perilaku makan penghindar makanan. Sedangkan pada anak dengan disabilitasautis lebih cenderung memiliki perilaku makan yang kurang baik dan cendenrungmengalami gizi kurang. Hal ini disebabkan karena anak autis menyukai makanan yangterbatas akan gizi dan tidak menyukai beberapa jenis sayuran akibat keterbatasan dalammencerna, menyerap, dan memfungsikan nutrisi yang masuk ke dalam tubuhnya denganbaik. Penyebab lainnya, penderita autis tidak dapat mengonsumsi
Status Gizi Balita
Authors: Zakiyyah Wafiq
Published: July 2021

Peneliti menyarankan kepada orang tua untuk terus meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya asupan gizi bagi balita
REMEDIAL CHAERUNNISA
Authors: Husain Zulfa , M. Chaerunnisa
Published: July 2021

Masalah kekurangan gizi secara global sampai saat ini masih mendapatkan perhatian utama terutama di sebagian negara berkembang. Masalah gizi tersebut meliputi stunting (tinggi/ panjang badan menurut umur dengan nilai z skor kurang dari-2 SD), dan defisiensi mikronutrien (Unicef, Child Malnutrition And Covid-19,2020).
REMEDIAL ILMU GIZI
Authors: Husain Zulfa , Yuniar Sugira Selfi
Published: July 2021

Hubungan antara Berat Badan Lahir dengan riwayat ISPA Bayi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 27 bayi yang memiliki riwayat berat badan lahir rendah paling banyak yaitu 20 bayi yang mempunyai riwayat ISPA, artinya jika bayi memiliki riwayat berat badan lahir rendah lebih banyak maka bayi rentan terkena ISPA. Sedangkan, dari 39 bayi yang memiliki berat badan normal paling sedikit terdapat 6 bayi yang mempunyai riwayat ISPA, artinya jika bayi memiliki riwayat berat badan lahir normal maka tidak rentan terkena ISPA
FAKTOR TERJADINYA STUNTING PADA BALITA
Authors: Husain Zulfa
Published: July 2021

Stunting adalah kondisi dimana balita memiliki panjang atau tinggi badan yang kurang jika di bandingkan dengan anak seusianya. Kondisi ini diukur dengan panjang atau tinggi badan yang lebih dari mines 2 standar devisi (sd) median standar pertumbuhan anak dari world health organization. Balita stunting termasuk masalah gizi kronik yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor seperti kondisi sosial ekonomi, gizi ibu saat hamil, dan kurangnya asupan gizi pada bayi. Balita stunting dimasa yang akan datang akan mengalami kesulitan dalam mencapai perkembangan fisik dan kognitif yang optimal.
Status Gizi Balita
Authors: Zakiyyah Wafiq
Published: July 2021

Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi status gizi anak terbagi menjadi 2 faktor yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal.
Status Gizi Balita
Authors: Zakiyyah Wafiq
Published: July 2021

Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi status gizi anak terbagi menjadi 2 faktor yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal meliputi tingkat konsumsi individu dan penyakit infeksi yang mungkin di derita. Sedangkan faktor eksternal berupa faktor ketahanan pangan dalam keluarga, pola asuh anak, akses atau keterjangkauan anak dan keluarga terhadap air bersih dan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik
Airborne methane surveys pay for themselves: An economic case study of increased revenue from emissions control
Authors: Johnson Forrest , Wlazlo Andrew , Keys Ryan , Desai Viren , Wetherley Erin , Calvert Ryan , Berman Elena
Published: July 2021

We present an economic analysis of an emissions monitoring and capture program for a mid-sized Permian Basin operator, Triple Crown Resources (“Triple Crown”). Data from this campaign was gathered using repeat airborne surveys provided by Kairos Aerospace (“Kairos”). Key findings include:- The total volume of detected emissions from Triple Crown operations decreased by 70% from the first to the second survey.- Captured gas revenue in the first month was approximately $139,000 and paid for the full cost of the first campaign (including survey, follow-up inspection, and repair) within 5 days.-Analysis of emissions detected from a range of anonymized Permian Basin operators show that a mid-sized operator with a median emissions profile could expect a campaign to pay back in 16.8 days.-Gas samples collected from various points across Triple Crown’s operation showed significant variation in gas value, with tank vapor gas priced as high as $22/MCF.- Kairos survey technology was found to be an effective and highly competitive option for carbon reduction relative to wind, solar, and LED lighting, achieving a cost of $0.54 for every one tonne of CO2e eliminated.
Visual working memory performance is intact across development in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lynn Andrew , Luna Beatriz , O'Hearn Kirsten
Published: July 2021

Visual working memory (VWM) typically improves across childhood and adolescence. Yet, it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in autism (ASD). We measured color, shape, and pattern VWM performance in children (N=49; Mage=11y; 41 males), adolescents (N=46; Mage=15y; 38 males), and adults (N=51; Mage=24y; 47 males) with and without ASD (91% White, 6% Black or multiracial). By adulthood, color VWM accuracy among 4 items was better in the TD group relative to ASD (p2=.039). In childhood, shape VWM RT among 8 items was faster in the TD group relative to ASD (p2=.063). While VWM capacity was intact in ASD, VWM performance differences between ASD and TD may depend on age and visual feature.
Estimating crime in place: Moving beyond residence location
Authors: Cernat Alexandru , Buil-Gil David , brunton-smith ian , Pina-Sánchez Jose , Murrià-Sangenís Marta
Published: July 2021

We assess if asking victims about the places where crimes happen leads to estimates of ‘crime in place’ with better measurement properties. We analyse data from the Barcelona Victimization Survey (2015 to 2020) aggregated in 73 neighbourhoods using longitudinal quasi-simplex models and criterion validity to estimate the quality of four types of survey-based measures of crime. The distribution of survey-based offence location estimates, as opposed to victim residence estimates, is highly similar to police-recorded crime statistics, and there is little trade off in terms of the reliability and validity of offence location and victim residence measures. Estimates of crimes reported to the police show a better validity, but their reliability is lower and capture fewer crimes.
Mexico's 20 years of North American Free Trade Agreement: Socio-Environmental Trends and Unequal Exchange
Authors: Vita Gibran
Published: July 2021

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is the most influential trade agreement, signed by the governments of USA, Canada and Mexico in 1992. It came into effect the 1st of January of 1994 promising economic growth and better employment opportunities to reduce Mexican emigration. The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), a civil resistance movement against capitalist neo-liberalism, protested the agreement, warning that it would feed social inequalities and threaten indigenous rights, autonomy, land access and use of natural resources. The Zapatistas feared the NAFTA would reinforce a master-servant relationship where Mexican human and natural resources are displaced, undermined or employed for the benefit of USA-CAN. In this paper we use Multiregional Input-Output Analysis based on the EORA model to examine changes in the carbon, land material, water and employment footprints in Mexico derived from the NAFTA agreement. We pay particular attention to the fairness of the resource exchange between USA and Mexico. We find all the consumption-based footprints grew between the period of 1990-2015. The carbon footprint increased by 50%, land by 32%, material by 46% and water by 566%. Territorial based employment rose by 7% and consumption based employment by 14%. Consumption of land and water considerably sped up after NAFTA. Remarkably, the land footprint doubled between 1994 and 2003, whereas GDP only increased by 20%. After that peak, the changes in land footprints retracted and stabilized at a 32% yearly increase until 2015, which corresponded to a 65% increase in GDP. Carbon intensity per unit of GDP has noticeably decreased after the NAFTA, nevertheless rising consumption heavily drives carbon emissions, eating-up efficiency gains. We confirm that the unequal trade has increased after the NAFTA, with surpluses for carbon, materials and more heavily for labour -meaning Mexico has become a net source for these resources. Not so for land and water, where Mexico remains a net consumer (2) We confirm that a large portion of the increases in Mexico’s carbon, material and water are destined to satisfy USA-CAN consumption. (3) We confirm a master-servant dynamic where the employment embodied in trade leaves Mexico with a 73% surplus -a net supplier of labor among NAFTA partners.
A cloth facemask increased ratings of perceived exertion and reduced affect, but did not affect sprint or muscular performance during training in athletes
Authors: Dantas Matheus , Neto Rui Barbosa , Guardieiro Natália Mendes , de Sá Pinto Ana Lucia , Gualano Bruno , Saunders Bryan
Published: July 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the necessity of using face masks during sports is likely balanced by coaches and athletes between the risk of infection and their impact on exercise performance. To inform this decision, we aimed to test the effects of wearing a cloth face mask on exercise performance and subjective responses during training of track and field athletes. Participants (n=10) performed two training sessions with and without a 3-layered cloth mask in a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design. The training session was designed to simulate the specific demands of the sport that the athletes practiced. The sprint protocol consisted of performing five maximal 30 m sprints, with a passive 4-min interval between runs. Performance variables (sprint time, acceleration) were calculated using the sprint time data. Jump performance was assessed pre- and post-sprints using a countermovement vertical jump. Throughout the training session, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and affect were collected. There was no evidence of condition x time interactions for sprint time (P=0.21) or acceleration (P=0.47). There was weak evidence of an effect of condition (P=0.05) on RPE, though no evidence of a condition x time interaction (P=0.35). There was moderate evidence of a condition x time interaction (P=0.02) for affect, with lower ratings following sprints 3, 4 and 5 when using the mask. These findings suggest that wearing a mask may negatively impact subjective feelings of training without necessarily harming sprint performance. During an unmitigated epidemic such as in Brazil, the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with wearing a face mask appears to outweigh the increased discomfort and perception of effort related to this safety tool.
Nasichatul Ummah, Potret Komunikator Ilmiah
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: July 2021

Dari Youtube Bintang Mulia Homeschooling serta channel beliau sendiri, saya menemukan kesan bahwa Ibu Ikak merupakan sosok yang tak pernah lelah berbagi wawasan pemikiran dan pengalaman. Beliau tak pernah lelah berbagi wawasan bukan semata memuaskan hasrat sendiri, tapi sebagai bentuk konkret rasa syukur kepada Ilāhi-Robbi. “Berawal dari kehilangan dan kesedihan, kini aku belajar bersyukur, sharing pengalaman, dan berbagi solusi.” tutur beliau beberapa waktu lalu melalui akun instagram pribadi,
Editorial
Authors: Bedoya Hevia Mariano
Published: July 2021

Editorial
Tuberculosis y embarazo
Authors: Osma Sala Ernesto , García Rosell César
Published: July 2021

Se ha realizado el estudio de 597 casos de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar y embarazo, predominando los procesos pulmonares avanzados y de evolución crónica en 48.9 %. Del total de pacientes, fueron internadas 63 % en los últimos meses de gestación. Se instituyó en todos los casos la terapia tuberculostática actualmente en uso; la vigilancia del embarazo estuvo a cargo del obstetra. No obstante ello, las reactivaciones o extensiones lesionales en el puerperio sólo han alcanzado el 2 %. Las distocias ocurrieron en 4.4 % de casos, casi la totalidad por causa obstétrica; en dos pacientes, la insuficiencia cardio-respiratoria demandó la operación cesárea. Fallecieron tres pacientes por extensión del proceso pulmonar, una de las cuales ingresó en trabajo de parto en marcada insuficiencia respiratoria debido a la extensa calidad lesional y grave, complicada con perforación pulmonar unilateral. El promedio general de peso de los niños al nacer mostró tendencias, en general, a ser menor en los hijos de madres portadoras de formas pulmonares avanzadas que en las moderadamente avanzadas. El estudio anatomopatológico de placenta no reveló lesión tuberculosa en caso alguno; el cultivo de este material fue positivo en seis muestras, en cinco de ellas tan solo una o dos colonias. El líquido amniótico fue positivo para B.K. en cuanto casos; en tres solamente una o dos colonias. La duda sobre la asepsia necesaria en la recepción de las muestras no permite emitir juicio definitivo al respecto; el cuarto caso correspondió al de un niño que falleció dos meses después del parto en otro hospital con tuberculosis generalizada.
Cirugía del ovario
Authors: Molina Navia Lucas
Published: July 2021

La Cirugía Conservadora de los ovarios debe su desarrollo al perfeccionamiento de los métodos del diagnóstico integral de la moderna ginecología, en los cuales están incluidos los procedimientos clínicos, instrumentales, de Laboratorio y Radiológicos, destinados a la valoración funcional del aparato genital femenino. Estos métodos tienen gran importancia para la calificación del cuadro clínico y sirven también para orientar, a la luz de los conocimientos actuales, las diversas técnicas quirúrgicas. Los resultados de la Cirugía Radical de las neoplasias malignas del ova rio, dependen fundamentalmente de su integración con la Quimioterapia y las Radiaciones. Los mejores resultados, apreciados por la sobrevida o curación, se obtienen en los Institutos Especializados donde se acumula la experiencia de los años, traducida por los datos estadísticos y que consigna los éxitos felices y los fracasos. En dichos Centros se dispone, además, de los elementos indispensables y adaptables a cada caso. Finalmente, el control lejano de los pacientes tratados, permite encaminar la futura terapia en busca de mejores rendimientos.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores del ovario no neoplásicos
Authors: Alvarez Bravo Alfonso
Published: July 2021

A propósito de cuales tumores del ovario han de considerarse no neoplásicos hay diferencias de criterio. Así, p. ej. Goodall (7) acepta que los quistes foliculares y los quistes del cuerpo amarillo son neoplasias; otros muchos autores y entre ellos Barzilai (4) y Geist (6) los clasifican entre los tumores no neoplásicos por no haber crecimiento verdadero de sus elementos estructurales, y finalmente, otros autores, como Ahumada y colaboradores (1), consideran que no merecen siquiera el nombre de tumores.
Cáncer del muñón residual del cérvix uterino
Authors: Tregear C. Horacio
Published: July 2021

Hemos estudiado las casuísticas del Hospital Obrero (14 años), del Pabellón V sala 2° del Hospital Loayza (9 años) y del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (10 años). Encontramos que la relación entre cáncer cervical uterino y, ginecopatías diversas es de 3.14 % en el H. Obrero y de 3.20 % en el H. Loayza. No consignamos la del Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplásicas por no conocerse el número de ginecópatas diversas atendidas, lo que va a ser motivo de un estudio ampliatorio inmediato. De obtenerse cifras similares, podría aceptarse como definitivo en nuestro medio, que de cada 100 ginecópatas, 3 son portadoras de cáncer cervical uterino. El cáncer de muñón cervical residual ha disminuido de 1.3 % a 0.78% en el Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, al igual que en el Pabellón V sala 2° del H. Loayza que ha bajado de 1 % a 0.78 %. En el H. Obrero, es el primer estudio realizado sobre el tema, de modo que no tenemos factor de comparación, pero es de remarcar su bajo promedio de 0.39 %. Propugnamos una mayor tendencia hacia la histerectomía total como medio para disminuir la incidencia del cáncer cervical uterino, dejando las subtotales para los casos en que la total esté contraindicada, previo estudio exhaustivo de la patología cervical. Promover entre los cirujanos generales, limitar su tendencia a practicar histerectomías subtotales.
Hormonología femenina
Authors: Haaker Fort Jorge
Published: July 2021

Una revisión de los conocimientos recientes y clásicos sobre endocrinología femenino está hecho; el autor señala que la armonía es necesaria en el sistema endocrino de las mujeres para una función ovárica adecuada.
Mayor experiencia en el tratamiento del útero hipoplásico con estrógeno al cérvix
Authors: De la Puente Lanfranco Rafael
Published: July 2021

El autor presenta su experiencia en el tratamiento de la hipoplasia uterina con inyecciones locales de estradiol. Su grupo estaba formado por 66 pacientes que sufren de esterilidad; la media de edad fue de 29 años; 78% de los casos tenía esterilidad primaria, 19% eran del tipo secundario y el 3% correspondió a la infertilidad. Después que se completó el tratamiento hubo 19 embarazos, esto es 28,7%. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en esterilidad primaria y la hipoplasia discreta del útero. 27% de los casos presentó algunos efectos secundarios que fueron bien tolerados. El autor cree que algunos casos de esterilidad debido a la hipoplasia del útero pueden ser tratados con éxito con inyecciones locales de estradiol.
Algunas consideraciones acerca del coriocarcinoma en el Hospital General de Arequipa
Authors: Chávez Espinoza Fermín , Eguren Cáceres José , Barrionuevo Calderón Rómulo , Rodríguez Luna Roberto , Mayorga C. Américo , Núñez P. Moisés , Fernán Zegarra Luis , Velásquez del C. Raúl
Published: July 2021

Cinco casos de coriocarcinoma y 101 de la mola hidatiforme se produjeron entre 1961 y 1964; esto significa una alta incidencia de tumores coriónicas comparable a la registrada en Hong Kong, Filipinas y Japón. AII los cinco casos tuvo tratamiento quirúrgico y un caso también recibió 6-mercaptopurina. Un comentario sobre la etiología, la inmunología, la edad y la historia obstétrica de los pacientes se hacen.
Césarea - Histerectomía
Authors: Schneider George
Published: July 2021

La experiencia con cesárea-histerectomía de los últimos 20 años en el Hospital de la Caridad de Nueva Orleans y la Clínica Ochsner se revisa. En este período, 1.000 y 150 por cesárea-histerectomia se han realizado en los antiguos y posteriores instituciones de 6.600 y 1.000 operaciones cesáreas respectivamente. La morbilidad fue del 33% a la Caridad y el 10% en la Clínica Ochsner. La complicación más frecuente fue la infección del tracto urinario. No hubo mortalidad materna en la Clínica Ochsner. La mortalidad fue del 1,3% en el Hospital de la Caridad, pero la mitad de esto se podría haber evitado.
Factores placentarios, nutricionales y hepáticos en la etiopatogenia de la toxemia gravídica
Authors: Castelazo Ayala Luis , Calderón Juan , Chávez Azuela José , Maqueo Topete Manuel
Published: July 2021

Los autores han estudiado 92 casos de toxemia desde un punto de vista nutricional. En 162 más potients que han estudiado la morfología de la placenta. Un tercer grupo de pacientes estaba formado por 54 casos de toxemia complicada con diabetes; 94 pacientes con toxemia y mola; 234 de embarazo múltiple y la toxemia y 15 casos de hidropesía fetal en pacientes toxémicas; estudios histológicos de tejido de la placenta se realizaron en la mayoría de los casos; como el control que tienen 55 placentas de partos normales. Después de una discusión de los datos pertinentes, los autores suponen que el daño del hígado en pacientes con toxemia del embarazo es secundario a la enfermedad, y que el alguna relación se produce entre los infartos de placenta y la enfermedad. lt se postula que los pacientes con diabetes mellitus y mola hidatiforme como aquellos con hidropesía fetal sufren una especie de toxemia diferente del "tipo puro".
Cáncer de cuello uterino y gestación
Authors: Valdivia P. Eduardo , Galdós H. Ricardo
Published: July 2021

Los autores han presentado un estudio sobre el cáncer del cuello del útero complicado por el embarazo en los 69 pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima.
Mola hidatidiforme en el Hospital Materno Infantil de San Bartlomé
Authors: Ludmir Abraham , Cervantes René , Benavides G.
Published: July 2021

Una incidencia de 0,23% de pacientes con mola hidatidiforme benigna, comparables con grupos similares de pacientes se encuentra en el Hospital Materno Infantil de San Bartolomé en Lima. La mayoría de los 13 casos denunciados ocurrieron en mujeres jóvenes y de mediana edad, que tuvieron hijos de tres o más, aunque el 30% eran los primeros embarazos. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron el sangrado vaginal (100%), vómitos, suavidad (46,1%) y el crecimiento excesivo del útero (61,5%). Toxémicas síntomas estaban presentes en sólo el 23% de las mujeres. Evacuación era lograr por la oxitocina seguido por legrado en 53.7% de los casos. En los restantes histerotomía era necesario y se detectó una incidencia del 30,7% de los quistes luteína. Una baja incidencia de complicaciones, se reportan ausencia de transformación maligna y de muerte materna.
Reconocimiento histológico de grados de malignidad en el adenocarcinoma de ovario
Authors: Taylor Howard
Published: July 2021

El autor revisa brevemente los principios en que se basa la técnica histológica de clasificación de tumores según su grado de malignidad, que es útil a la clínica para establecer un pronóstico basado en la correlación que se ha establecido entre la gradación histológica de grado de malignidad y el curso clínico ulterior de los tumores malignos de ovario. Desde el punto de vista bioquímico, la determinación microespectrofotométrica del contenido tisular de DNA (ácido desoxiribonucleico) y la mediación del diámetro nucleolar como expresión del contenido tisular de RNA (ácido ribonucleico), correlacionan bien con el grado de malignidad establecida con las técnicas histológicas y citológicas tradicionales.
Colposcopía y biopsia dirigida en el diagnóstico del cáncer de cérvix
Authors: Lazo Martínez Armando
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo que presentamos tiene la finalidad de demostrar sobre 400 observaciones personales a pacientes que ha concurrido al consultorio externo N° 6 la incidencia de cáncer de cérvix con la ayuda de 3 métodos simultáneamente que son: a) Colposcopía; b) Citología; c) Biopsia dirigida. Tratamos también de describir el modus operandi, la frecuencia de imágenes colpóscópicas típicas y atípicas, el índice de malignidad de las imágenes atípicas.
El vacum extractum
Authors: Avendaño Onofre
Published: July 2021

El tema que vamos a tratar es sobre la experiencia con el Vacum Extractor o ventosa obstétrica de Malstrom. Haré referencia en especial a este instrumento -aunque nosotros tenemos también experiencia con otros dispositivos semejantes que daremos a conocer, en momento oportuno- ahora que ha entrado en la práctica obstétrica en los últimos años y, que está haciendo una competencia con otras maniobras obstétricas, especialmente el Forceps y, "en cierto modo"', también con la cesárea.
Ovario quístico a pediculo torcido en la infancia
Authors: Esteves F. Augusto
Published: July 2021

Se hace una revisión de la literatura concerniente a tumores de ovario en la niñez. El dolor abdominal bajo, unilateral, en la infancia, con una historia de previos ataques paroxísticos de dolor, es altamente sugestivo de un tumor de ovario a pedículo torcido. La exploración quirúrgica es recomendada en estos casos. Semejante política facilitaría al cirujano preservar muchos ovarios conteniendo quistes no-neoplásicos, con una resección de ellos, antes que el ovario sea destruido por una estrangulación completa. Ovarios quísticos con torsión del pedículo en los niños, es una condición que usualmente es equivocada con la apendicitis aguda, cuando ocurre en el lado derecho. La incisión de Jalaguier, de longitud proporcionada, es recomendada para una adecuada excisión del tumor. Si un ovario "normal" puede sufrir torsión, es un punto discutido; sin embargo, si se encuentra un pedículo anormalmente largo, sería prudente suturar el ovario a la pared lateral de la pelvis. Se acompaña un caso típico, con sus ilustraciones, en una niña de 8 años que presenta un ovario con quistes no-neoplásicos, en el lado derecho, estrangulado por torsión del pedículo.
El paro cardíaco en la sala de partos
Authors: Guerrero Carlos
Published: July 2021

En el presente simposium ha quedado aceptado que el paro cardíaco es la consecuencia de múltiples condiciones patológicas referentes por un lado al corazón propiamente dicho y su capacidad de contracción y por el otro lado, a las alteraciones de la circulación periférica, ya sea del circuito iniciado en el ventrículo izquierdo o con mayor frecuencia del circuito pulmonar.
Determinación de Pregnandiol en embarazo y ciclo menstrual normales
Authors: Guerra García R.
Published: July 2021

Los autores han estudiado la excreción de pregnandiol en 85 mujeres normales usando el método de Sulimovici. Durante el ciclo menstrual los valores medios ± SE de 12 mujeres fueron 1,0 ± 0 0,15 y 3,65 ± 0,33 mg 0. / 24 h. para las fases proliferativas y secretoras respectivamente. Los valores medios de 63 mujeres embarazadas fueron 7,54 ± 0 0,32, 9,19 ± 0,65, 0,32 ± 0,67 8, 12,46 ± 0,88, 21,64 ± 0,8 y 28,37 ± 0,91 mg. / G. creatinina para los meses segundo., 3ª., 4ta., 5ta., 7mo. y 10a. El procedimiento se comparó con el método Kloppers y no se detectaron diferencias. Como prueba adicional de la especificidad del método empleado, los extractos de orina se analizaron mediante cromatografía de gas-líquido y, pregnandiol resultó ser el componente principal del extracto final.