bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
After Effects of Radiation on the Caries Status of Head and Neck Cancer Patients − A Six-Month Clinical Trial
Authors: Reddy Upasana , Hegde Mithra N. , Shetty Aditya , Koduru Mallikarjuna Rao , Dsouza Neevan
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) are at an increased risk of dental caries due to radiation-induced damage to salivary glands. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of three interventions—virgin coconut oil (VCO), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate tooth mousse (TM), and amine fluoride mouthwash (MW)—in preventing caries among head and neck cancer patients’ post-radiation therapy.

Methods:

A total of 102 head and neck cancer patients undergoing RT were enrolled. The participants were randomized to use one of three interventions: VCO, TM, or MW. Caries progression was assessed using the decayed-missing-filled-teeth (DMFT) index at baseline and after 6 months of RT. Differences in DMFT scores between the groups were analysed using statistical tests.

Results:

At the 6-month follow-up, significant differences in DMFT scores were observed between the VCO and MW groups (P = 0.012) and between the MW and TM groups (P = 0.001). The TM group showed a significant reduction in caries progression compared to both the VCO and MW groups (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) tooth mousse was found to be the most effective in preventing new caries and slowing the progression of existing carious lesions in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Deubiquitinases and Cancer
Authors: Murali Preethi , Kavitha B. , Narasimhan Malathi
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Deubiquitinases are involved in removing ubiquitin (UBQ) from ubiquitylated substrates to regulate their activity and stability. They are involved in various cellular functions including proteasome- and lysosome-dependent proteolysis, gene expression, cell cycle progression, chromosome segregation, kinase activation, histone modification, cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, spermatogenesis, apoptosis, endocytosis, autophagy, localization, and DNA damage repair. On the other hand, it is also involved in the processes of carcinogenesis and cancer development. DUBs are related to different aspects of human cancer, including proliferation, cell cycle control, apoptosis, DNA damage response (DDR), tumor suppression, oncogenesis, and metastasis. Multiple processes involved in innate and adaptive immunity, such as antigen presentation, cell differentiation, immune defense, and inflammatory responses, are regulated by ubiquitination/deubiquitination. Dysregulation of DUBs is implicated in several human diseases, highlighting the importance of DUB function. This review also provides basic knowledge of DUBs in the development of cancers and highlights the importance of DUBs in T-cell development, apoptosis, and cancer with a specific emphasis on oral cancers. This review highlights the recent advances in the field of cancer biology with a specific role in DUBs in cellular functions. The aberrant expression and regulation of these enzymes have been shown to contribute to promote tumorigenesis, making them promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
Evaluation of Displacement with Rapid Maxillary Expansion, Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion, and Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion Combined with Micro-Osteoperforations: A Comparative Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ponnada Swaroopa R. , Pattanaik Snigdha , Chandrasekhar Gandikota , Nanda Smruti B. , Kantheti Sharmila , Voma Kavya
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Maxillary expansion is one of the most commonly advocated treatment approaches for the management of the maxillary deficiency in the transverse plane and is possible because of the presence of mid-palatal suture. This finite element method (FEM) study was taken to evaluate the stress pattern and displacement in the screw and its adjacent structures used in three different treatment modalities, such as rapid maxillary expansion (RME), mini-implant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE), and MARPE in conjunction with micro-osteoperforations.

Materials and Methods:

An adult human dried skull, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the skull, and FEM and associated software (GEOMAGIC) were included. The displacements with different activation modules were studied using FEM simulation.

Results:

In the RME group with 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm of simulation, 0.55 mm, 1.10 mm, and 1.65 mm of displacement were seen, respectively. In the MARPE group with 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm of simulation, 0.68 mm, 1.26 mm, and 1.89 mm of displacement were seen, respectively. In MARPE with the micro-osteoperforation group with 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm of simulation, 0.77 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.33 mm of displacement were seen, respectively.

Conclusion:

The order of maximum displacement achieved was MARPE+ micro-osteoperforations (model 3) being the highest followed by MARPE (model 2) and RME (model 1).
Comparative Diagnosis of Alveolar Antral Wall in the Maxillary Sinus Wall in Corresponding OPG, CBCT, MRI-A Radiographic Comparative Study
Authors: Pati Ankita , Charan Dhaval , Mahay Pooja , Mahapatra Niva , Bhagat Ankur , Bhuvaneshwari S.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

This study compares the efficacy of orthopantomography (OPG), conebeam computed tomography (CBCT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing the alveolar antral artery (AAA) within the maxillary sinus.

Materials and methods:

Conducted among 297 patients in Odisha, with ages ranging from 20 to 50 years, the study utilized three observers to ensure reliability. Results indicated that MRI is the gold standard for AAA visualization, with high intraand interobserver reliability (Cohen’s kappa = 1.0).

Results:

OPG offers minimal radiation exposure and CBCT provides detailed 3D bone imaging, MRI excels in soft tissue contrast without radiation, proving essential for accurate diagnosis and surgical planning.
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Povidone-Iodine on Covid-19 Viral Load – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mallick Sriram C. , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Sangamesh N. C. , Mishra Silpiranjan , Bajoria Atul A. , Singh Dhirendra K.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

To assess if povidone-iodine is a more effective mouthwash than other mouthwashes in treating COVID-19.

Materials and methods:

The review was completed in compliance with PRISMA principles and entered into PROSPERO. Databases on electronic devices were examined. Using RevMan software version 5.3, the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) -2 tool was employed for quality evaluation.

Results:

When compared to other mouthwashes, povidone-iodine was shown to reduce the COVID-19 viral load on average by 0.11 (-0.67–0.44) times, however, this difference is not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Povidone-iodine was found to have a substantial impact on lowering the COVID-19 viral load in COVID-19 patients when compared to the control group. Povidone-iodine appears to be safer for long-term use, although both mouthwashes were equally effective.
Antibacterial Activity, Antiadherence Activity, Antioxidant Activity, and Molecular Docking of Sweetbrair Rose (Rosa Rubiginosa) Extract on Periodontopathogens: Porphyromonas Gingivalis and Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Peeran Syed Wali , Fageeh Hytham , Ibraheem Wael , Fageeh Hammam I. , Al-Ak’hali Mohammed S. , Doggalli Nagabhushana , Alam Mohammad N. , Basheer Syed N.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Rosa rubiginosa extracts were prepared, and the antibacterial and anti-biofilm assays were investigated against two different periodontics-causing bacteria for the first time. The aim was to determine whether the extracts could restrict the growth of dental pathogens and to investigate the molecular docking between the ellagic acid of flower extracts and virulence proteins of dental pathogens.

Materials and Method:

Antibacterial activity of various extracts Rosa rubiginosa was studied. Anti-adherence activity and molecular docking of the antibacterial components of the extract was analysed,

Result:

The antibacterial activity of ethanol and methanol extracts of Rosa rubiginosa was determined using the standard agar well diffusion method. Among them, methanol extracts showed more activity against all the dental pathogens. Methanol extracts (300 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml) showed inhibitory zones of 13.6 ± 0.75 mm and 15.9 ± 0.57 mm against Porphyromonas gingivalis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans showed inhibitory zones of about 12.9 ± 0.57 mm and 16.6 ± 0.75 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration studies revealed that 500 μg/ml of methanol extracts inhibited the turbid growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in their broth tubes. Antiadherence test results showed that Rosa rubiginosa extracts significantly reduced the number of organisms adhering to the glass specimens against all the test cultures. The molecular docking report revealed a binding energy of about -3.57 Kcal/Mol between ellagic acid and mfa1 of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Ellagic acid and target protein cdtA of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans revealed a maximum binding energy of -4.33 Kcal/Mol.

Conclusion:

The findings concluded that Rosa rubiginosa extracts can be a valuable additive in natural antidental biofilm products.
Effectiveness of Different Comprehendible Oral Health Education Systems on Oral Health Status among Visually Challenged Individuals – A Systematic Review
Authors: Ragavane Priyadharshini , Murugaboopathy Vikneshan , Chandrasekaran Priyanga , Murugappan Senthil , Sidhu Logesh , Pauljoseph Angeline Hephzibah , Kaviashika G
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

To evaluate the effectiveness of different comprehendible educating methods for improving oral health status among the visually challenged individuals.

Materials and methods:

A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Elsevier articles published in English language from 2010 to 2023. From this search, 17 studies were incorporated into this systematic review. Two reviewers critically assessed the studies for eligibility criteria and performed data extraction.

Results:

The included studies featured both traditional and new methods of oral health education. Repeated reinforcement of oral health interventions positively.
Comparative Analysis of Alginate Dimensional Stability with Varied Pouring Intervals
Authors: Niyazi Adham A. , Alabrash Mohamad A. , Elzouhiry Mohamed S. , AlFarra Rashed M. , Althubyani Nawaf M. , Huraib Wayel M. , Alghalib Thamer A. , Pullishery Fawaz
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Alginate is a widely used dental impression material in clinical settings. Despite advances in impression materials and the growing popularity of digital impression techniques, alginate remains a staple due to its ease of use and cost-effectiveness. The dimensional stability of irreversible hydrocolloid alginate is influenced by various factors, including storage temperature and the elapsed time between taking the impression and pouring the cast.

Materials and Methods:

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the dimensional stability of two alginate impression materials, Cavex CA37 and Zhermack Hydrogum 5, over four different time periods. Statistical analyses, including Student’s t-test, three-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey HSD tests, and ANCOVA, were used to determine the significance of differences between groups and the impact of pouring time on dimensional stability.

Results:

Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences in dimensional stability between the two alginates across different time periods. For Zhermack Hydrogum 5, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the 120-hour mark and the other three time periods. Cavex CA37 exhibited significant differences (P < 0.05) between immediate pouring (0 hours) and the subsequent three time periods.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that impressions made with Cavex CA37 should be poured immediately to ensure optimal dimensional stability. Conversely, Zhermack Hydrogum 5 maintains accurate dimensional stability when poured within 24 hours, making it a more flexible option in clinical practice.
Intra-Operative Nerve Encounters and Incidence of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Sensory Deficit after Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy—A Pilot Study
Authors: Gopinath Kanur Arjun , Vyloppilli Suresh , Murugan Ranganathan , Kumar Nithin , Kishore Rayudu N. , Vaaka Phani Himaja Devi.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is the most performed orthognathic surgery for mandibular dentofacial abnormalities. The most common complication is the neurosensory deficit. The current study was aimed at determining the incidence of inferior alveolar nerve neurosensory deficit (NSD) following BSSO surgery, and in assessing intra-operative nerve encounter status and possible relation to NSD.

Materials and Methods:

The pilot study was conducted in the Oral and maxillofacial surgery department, KIMS Dental college and hospital, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh. The sample of thirty subjects were selected from the patients undergoing BSSO surgeries from April 2022- July 2023, as according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were followed up for six months postoperatively. The evaluation was done preoperatively and postoperatively (1week, 1 month, 3 months, 6months) using subjective and objective methods. NSD was assessed by both subjective (Five-point scale) and objective (2-point discrimination, pin pressure, and thermal discrimination) tests.

Statistical Analysis:

Descriptive statistics were used.

Results:

Post-osteotomy, the inferior alveolar nerve was in the distal fragment in 36 (60%) of the sites, 14 (22%) on the proximal fragment and needed dissection, 10 (18%) not seen post osteotomy, and nil (0%) got transected. The incidence of prolonged NSD was highest seen in the proximal fragment needing dissection. The neurosensory deficit after BSSO was 21.5% in post-six-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

The incidence of transient neurosensory deficit of the inferior alveolar nerve after BSSO surgeries is inevitable. Prolonged NSD is due to nerve manipulation depending on the nerve status intra-operatively.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Glass Ionomer and Glass Ionomer with Ethanolic Extract of Propolis – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Balehosur Deepti V. , Antony Jasmine Mary , Sharma Deeksha , Divater Vijayalaxmi , David Alan Winston , Bali Praveen Kumar
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

Aim of the study is to evaluate microleakage of conventional GIC and addition of 1% ethanolic extract of propolis to conventional GIC.

Methodology:

A study was conducted between two groups. Group A was the conventional GIC group (control) and Group B was treated with GIC incorporated with 1% ethanolic extract of propolis (experimental). To evaluate microleakage, 15 samples were used and class V cavity preparation and restoration were done. Later, they were placed in 0.6% Rhodamine-B dye and evaluated for dye penetration under stereomicroscope.

Results:

Results showed that microleakage of the experimental group was decreased compared to that of the control group, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.38).
Evaluation of Microleakage in Zirconia Crown Systems Using Self-Adhesive Resin, Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer, and Glass Ionomer Cements: A Stereomicroscopic In Vitro Study
Authors: Amalorpavam V. , Govinda Raj Sarath Chandra , Soundar Joephin , Raja S. Ramesh , Daimary Anjumoni , Vijay K.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Microleakage is a critical issue impacting the success of zirconia crown restorations. This study compares the effectiveness of self-adhesive resin cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, and glass ionomer cement in minimizing microleakage, aiming to enhance the longevity and reliability of zirconia crowns systems.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty extracted premolars were collected, and all-ceramic preparation was done. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into three groups (10 each): Group A (self-adhesive resin cement), Group B (resin-modified glass ionomer cement), and Group C (glass ionomer cement). The samples underwent thermocycling, were sectioned mesiodistally and buccolingually, and submerged in a solution of methylene blue. Under a stereomicroscope, the surface of each segment was digitally imaged. A five-point grading system was used to assess microleakage. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U tests (α: 0.05).

Result:

Microleakage with all the cement was comparable with no significant difference. The adhesive resin cement showed the least microleakage followed by resin-modified glass ionomer cement and the conventional glass ionomer cement, although insignificant.

Conclusion:

Resin cement, amongst all the adhesive cement, had the least microleakage; however, it was statistically insignificant.
Impact of Chest Compression Fraction on Outcomes in In-Hospital and Emergency Department Cardiac Arrests at a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Chanjal K S , Haneendhar R , Kumar M Senthil , Durgaprasad Jinka Venkata , Sudhiersharan B , Dominic Melvin , Periasamy Panneerselvam
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

The study aimed to determine the average chest compression fraction (CCF) and its correlation with influencing factors to optimize blood flow during resuscitation, aiming for a minimum of 60%.

Materials and Methods:

Prospective observational study on 50 cardiac arrest patients, analyzing chest compression fraction (CCF) and identifying associations using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and individual student t-tests.

Results:

The study revealed a satisfactory average Chest Compression Fraction (CCF) of 71.66 ± 7.79, with diabetes mellitus being the most prevalent medical condition, and no significant correlation between compression depth, rate, and recoil.

Conclusion:

The average cardiac arrest (CCF) in ED patients decreased with longer code durations, daytime events, defibrillator use, increased team members, male providers, and chest compressions.
To Investigate the Involvement of Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid Reactions
Authors: Soorneedi Neeharika , Sujatha Mekala M. , Fatima Tabassum , Mallik P.G.R Pankaj , Imran Mohammed , Sangala Bhavani Nagendra , Vakeel Sana
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

Role of mast cells in the development of oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reactions (OLR).

Material and Methods:

The tissue slices used in this investigation were obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral Pathology and were formalin-fixed and embedded in paraffin. The sections were obtained from 40 cases of OLP that were identified by histological examination, as well as 40 cases of OLR. Twenty buccal mucosa samples were obtained from individuals who showed no mouth lesions and did not participate in any oral practices. The study samples were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin stain, as well as a specialized toluidine blue stain.

Results:

In oral lichen planus, the mast cell counts were 15.25 ± 2.58, which was substantially greater than in OLR (8.63 ± 1.74) and normal oral mucosal tissues (1.99 ± 0.58). The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the average number of mast cells across three groups, and the result was statistically significant (P < 0.001). We found statistically significant results when we compared several groups using the Mann–Whitney U test.

Conclusion:

This experiment’s findings point to a greater concentration of mast cells in OLP than in OLR. Because of this, we argue that counting mast cells could be an important histopathological component in pathogenesis of these lichenoid reactions and also help distinguishing OLP from OLR.
Can Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnose Pediatric Inflammatory Demyelinating Disorders? A Tertiary Referring Center Experience in Chennai, Tamil Nadu—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mukkada Philson J. , Franklin Teenu , Radhan Prabhu , Thangam Vinoth
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing PIDDs in pediatric patients, analyzing imaging findings alongside clinical correlations.

Materials and Method:

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary referring center in Chennai, involving 34 pediatric patients (aged ≤18 years) referred with suspected or confirmed PIDDs. MRI evaluations, clinical assessments, and laboratory findings were utilized for diagnosis. Demographic data, MRI findings, and clinical symptoms were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

The study revealed a wide age distribution (mean age: 8.53 years), with males comprising 55.9% of participants. Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) was the most common clinical presentation, with supratentorial lesions being the predominant MRI finding. Overall, MRI demonstrated high sensitivity (82.1%) and specificity (79.3%) in diagnosing PIDDs.

Conclusion:

MRI proved valuable in diagnosing pediatric inflammatory demyelinating disorders. Further research should address study limitations and explore longitudinal outcomes to enhance understanding and management of these complex neurological conditions.
Effect of Dental Caries Management on the Candida Albicans Carriage and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children Living With Perinatal HIV/AIDS Under Antiretroviral Therapy—A Pre- and Post-Experimental Study
Authors: Gurupriya M. Monica , Barathi K. Divya , Nalankilli Ashok Viswanath , Megalaa N. , Jayaraj Merlin , Kumar P. D. Madan , Nagappan Nagappan
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Children living with perinatal HIV/AIDS (CLWPHA) have a higher prevalence of dental caries and fungal infections. Caries tooth serves as a niche for Candida colonization and it also impairs oral health-related quality of life. The management of dental caries can eliminate the risk factor for Candida colonization and subsequently can promote their quality of life related to oral health.

Aim:

The aim of our study was to determine the effect of dental caries management on the Candida albicans carriage and oral health-related quality of life among CLWPHA under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Methodology:

This pre- and post-experimental study was conducted with 40 students. Candida colonization was assessed from the participant’s saliva samples. OHRQoL of participants was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire.

Results:

The mean value of Candida albicans CFUs in saliva after dental caries management was significantly lower compared with before dental caries management. The mean OHIP-14 score after dental caries management was significantly lower compared with the baseline score.

Conclusion:

Dental caries management can be effective in reducing the oral Candidal colony count, thereby improving their oral health-related quality of life.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Pneumothorax in Blunt Chest Trauma: A Correlation Study with Computed Tomography Thorax in Emergency Department Patients at Tertiary Care Centre in Salem, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sirajudeen Syed Abthahir , Dominic Melvin , Sreelakshmi VK , Vineeth Moturi Sai , Rani Pooja , Durgaprasad Jinka Venakata , Manickam Senthil Kumar , Panneerselvam P
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

In this study, we compared lung ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) findings of the thorax in diagnosing pneumothorax in patients with blunt chest trauma. This study aimed to improve diagnostic accuracy and prevent tension pneumothorax, despite limited evaluations across all lung pathologies.

Methods:

We examined patients admitted to Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital with blunt chest trauma from January 2021 to June 2022. Lung USG and CT of the chest were used to detect pneumothoraxes, with the goal of reducing mortality rates in severely injured patients.

Results:

Out of 64 cases, 67.5% experienced blunt trauma, 20.8% had a direct chest impact, and 11.7% suffered falls from a height. USG and CT findings revealed the following: 79.2% had pneumothorax, 7.8% had pleural effusion, 28.6% had hemothorax, 22.1% had contusion, 10.4% had rib fractures with contusion, 6.5% had rib fracture + Hemothorax, and 9.1% had isolated pneumothorax.

Conclusion:

Lung ultrasound is a reliable, radiation-free method for assessing pneumothorax, pleural effusion, contusion, and hemothorax, offering a definitive, sensitive, and accurate diagnosis.
Digit Ratio as Predictors of Dental Caries: A Study of the 2D:4D Relationship
Authors: Ishwarya M , Ananthan Vasanthakumari , Arumugam Selvabalaji , Krishnan Ekambareswaran , Umamaheswari S , Rajendran Madhumathy
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between caries risk and the 2D:4D ratio, a potential marker of prenatal hormone exposure, among children aged 5–12 years.

Methods:

A total of 250 children were examined. Caries indices decayed, missing and filled teeth/decayed, extracted and filled teeth (DMFT/deft) were recorded, and 2D:4D ratios were measured using a vernier caliper. Chi-square statistical analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between 2D:4D ratios and caries risk.

Results:

The study revealed a higher prevalence of caries among children with a low 2D:4D ratio (<1), suggesting elevated prenatal androgen levels. Specifically, 123 out of 147 individuals (83.67%) with a 2D:4D ratio less than 1 presented a high caries index, compared to 32 out of 103 individuals (31.07%) with a ratio equal to or greater than 1. Gender-specific differences were observed, with males exhibiting lower mean 2D:4D ratios than females.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest a potential role for the 2D:4D ratio as a predictive marker for dental caries risk in children.
Analyzing Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water Sources in the Alkharj Region of Saudi Arabia and Its Public Health Implications
Authors: Almalki Sultan Abdulrahman
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Fluoride is an essential trace element that plays a significant role in the formation and maintenance of human bones and teeth. Naturally present in varying concentrations in all water sources, fluoride’s presence in drinking water can have both beneficial and adverse effects on health, depending on its concentration. The present aim of the study was to estimate the fluoride concentration in different water sources in the Alkharj region of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and method:

A total of 33 samples consisted of various mineral water brands sold in the Alkharj region, as well as water from several public tap water borewell locations and municipal sources in Alkharj used as drinking water sources were collected and analyzed using an IC Professional 940 ion chromatography system (Metrohm). The average fluoride concentration in the 33 water samples analyzed was 0.69 ± 0.10 mg/L (95% CI: 0.49 0.89 mg/L). The highest fluoride concentration was found in national bottled water (1.06 ± 0.03 mg/L), followed by borewell water from Alkharj (0.97 ± 0.60 mg/L), and municipal water from Alkharj (0.22 ± 0.10 mg/L).

Results:

The results indicate that the fluoride levels in all sampled water sources in various drinking water sources in the Alkharj region of Saudi Arabia are below the WHO recommended guideline of 1.5 mg/L, with significant variability observed across different sources. National bottled water had the highest average fluoride concentration, followed by borewell water, with municipal water having the lowest levels.
Different Methods to Salvage the Fractured Abutment Screws and Potential Reasons of Abutment Screw Loosening: A Narrative Review
Authors: Gir Prajakta , Joshi Snehal , Vishnupriya V , Marathe Ashlesha , Bagul Abhishek , Nazirkar Girish
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Dental implant restoration is a popular therapy for replacing lost teeth and regaining human masticatory function. However, studies have shown prosthetic problems like implant fracture, screw loosening, and screw fracture. Abutment screw loosening is the second most common reason for implant-supported restoration failure after loss of osseointegration, especially in single implant restorations. This literature review aims to synthesize data on screw loosening reasons and salvage methods.
Evaluation of common COL2A1 gene variants in Iranian patients suspected with Stickler syndrome type I
Authors: Abolhasani Fatemeh , Abdali Hossein , Kazemi Mohammad , Attar Bijan Movahedian , Derakhshandeh Fatemeh , Hosseinzadeh Majid
Published: January 2025

Background:

Stickler syndrome, also known as hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy, is a connective tissue disorder that arises from mutations in multiple genes, each with distinct hereditary patterns. Stickler syndrome type I, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, is specifically linked to mutations in the COL2A1 gene. The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of common variants of the COL2A1 gene among individuals suspected of having Stickler syndrome type I.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-six Iranian patients suspected of having Stickler syndrome type I referring to Al-Zahra Hospital of Isfahan were employed in this cross-sectional study. The DNA was extracted from the patient’s peripheral blood samples, and the selected exons of the COL2A1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the purified amplicons were subjected to Sanger sequencing to identify common variants associated with Stickler syndrome type I.

Results:

All patients exhibit cleft abnormalities (palate, lip, and alveolar), 84.6% of patients exhibit ocular abnormalities, 53.8% of patients exhibit hearing abnormalities, and 34.6% of patients exhibit skeletal abnormalities. As the data displays, the highest phenotype presentation prevalence rate was related to cleft lip and palate, while hemiparesis was the lowest clinical finding among the patients. Molecular analysis which conducted to screen the COL2A1 gene of patients, identified two different variants, including a novel nonsense variant, (c.1030C>T), consistent with dominantly inherited Stickler syndrome type I, also synonymous mutation (c.213C>T) affecting in exon 2, which have been reported in database.

Conclusion:

Genetic analysis of Twenty-six unrelated families with Stickler syndrome type I disorder discovered one novel pathogenic variant in the COL2A1 gene in a patient with Stickler syndrome type I. Genetic analysis is helpful for the diagnosis of this clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous disorder.
Construction of unital quantales
Authors: Han Shengwei , Lv Jiaxin
Published: January 2025

Unital quantales constitute a significant subclass within quantale theory, which play a crucial role in the theoretical framework of quantale research. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the construction of unital quantales from a given quantale. Using Q-algebras, we prove that every quantale is embedded into a unital quantale, which generalizes the work of Paseka and Kruml for the construction of unital quantales. Based on which, we further show that every quantale can be transformed into a unitally non-distributive quantale, which expands the foundational work of Guriérrez García and Höhle for unitally non-distributive quantales. Finally, we provide a variety of methods for constructing unital quantales from some special quantales.
A remark on the number of automorphisms of finite abelian groups
Authors: Tărnăuceanu Marius
Published: January 2025

Let

\mathrm{Ab}_{0}

be the class of finite abelian groups and consider the function

f\colon \mathrm{Ab}_{0} \to (0,\infty)

given by

f(G)=\lvert{\operatorname{Aut}(G)\rvert/\lvert{(G)}\rvert}

, where

\operatorname{Aut}(G)

is the automorphism group of a finite abelian group

G

. In this short note, we prove that the image of

f

is a dense set in

[0,\infty)

.
Zooming in and out the outcomes of geophysical research at the Western Tripolye culture site Kamenets-Podolskiy (Tatarysky)
Authors: Niebieszczański Jakub , Stróżyk Mateusz , Diachenko Aleksandr , Herbich Tomasz , Ryndziewicz Robert , Levinzon Yevhenii , Sobkowiak-Tabaka Iwona
Published: January 2025

This paper reports the results of magnetic surveys contextualized with the landscape via water drainage analysis, and summarizes the results of excavations at the Cucuteni-Tripolye settlement Kamenets-Podolskiy (Tatarysky), 3950–3900 BCE. Incorporation of topographic information and water drainage analysis to the studies of settlement structures revealed by magnetometry makes it possible to understand how such features function and, therefore, the intentionality behind the arrangement of houses and utility structures. The correlation between magnetic susceptibility and the mass of burnt daub coming from the individual dwelling reveals a possible weakness in interpretations, due to the influence of heat on magnetization.
Estrategias de comunicación digital en Facebook y su impacto en la promoción de la identidad cultural en Manabí
Authors: Sánchez Muñiz Carlos Roberto , Mena Clerque Sandra Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

La red social Facebook se ha consolidado como una de las plataformas más utilizadas, destacándose por su variedad de contenidos y ofreciendo una valiosa oportunidad para la promoción de la identidad cultural a través de medios digitales. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar el impacto de las estrategias de comunicación digital de Facebook en la promoción de la identidad cultural en Manabí, Ecuador y su influencia en la ciudadanía. Para la presente investigación se utilizó una metodología con enfoque mixto que integró los aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos al evaluar el impacto de las redes sociales en la promoción cultural. Según el propósito la investigación fue correlacional de tipo observacional lo que permitió analizar el comportamiento de los usuarios frente a los contenidos de redes sociales, lo cual generó como resultado que los contenidos audiovisuales desempeñan un rol importante en la promoción de temas culturales. Por otro lado, los resultados cualitativos demostraron que los videos basados en las historias de las personas, storytelling, tienen un mayor alcance en Facebook, para promocionar la identidad cultural de Manabí. En conclusión, la utilización de la red social Facebook es una plataforma de difusión de contenidos que contribuye a la promoción de la identidad cultural de Manabí.
Effort for Implimentation Go Green System
Authors: Pongoh Johan , Tendean Gracia Ester , Lae Evandra Matthew , Malah Indawahyuni , Sengka Ferginia Frili , Mongkau Novlinda Anatasya Debora
Published: January 2025

Environmental problems are one of the serious environmental issues that we are facing, with various challenges such as air pollution, environmental pollution, carbon emissions, and excessive use of plastic, which have an impact on us humans. This journal discusses the implementation of the Go Green system as a solution to overcome this problem. Go Green is a movement that focuses on efforts to protect and care for the environment through various actions and efforts, such as saving energy, reducing plastic waste and recycling waste. This research uses participatory methods and interviews, and involves waste recycling and greening practices. The research results show that consistent implementation of the Go Green system can have a positive impact on the environment, reduce pollution and support the sustainability of the earth. With good cooperation and individual responsibility, this system can be a long-term solution for preserving the environment.
A report on numerical variations in the dorso-central setae pdx of Neophyllobius yunusi Akyol and Koç (Trombidiformes: Camerobiidae)
Authors: Doğan Salih , Fan Qing-hai
Published: January 2025

Neophyllobius Berlese is the largest genus of the family Camerobiidae Southcott, with about 140 species to date. In this study, the presence of numerical variations in setae pdx of Neophyllobius yunusi Akyol and Koç, known from Türkiye, has been demonstrated for the first time.
Understanding the Impacts of Organized Crime on the Brazilian Prison System: A Criminological Analysis
Authors: Simões Agapito Leonardo , de Alencar e Miranda Matheus , Kruczewski Redies Rodolfo , Xavier Januário Túlio Felippe
Published: January 2025

The aim of the present paper is to analyze how criminal organizations influence the daily life of Brazilian prisons and how ineffective the solution presented by the government is in terms of trying to control the conflicts and rebellions in which they are routinely involved. To this end, we will
study the emergence of the main criminal organizations in Brazil, namely the “Comando Vermelho” and the “Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC)”, in order to determine what factors influenced their founders to converge their interests and form these groups, which are currently no longer limited
to the intra-prison space, but rather control entire slums in large Brazilian cities, controlling not only drug trafficking, but also the daily lives of their inhabitants. Subsequently, based on the theoretical framework of penal abolitionism, we will demonstrate that the solutions presented by the government are incapable of controlling the emergence and action of criminal organizations.
Dynamics of Staff–Prisoner Relationships: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Milićević Milena
Published: January 2025

Staff–prisoner relationships play a critical role in the success of prison systems. This paper aims to examine the dynamics of these relationships and their impact on the prison environment, focusing on the key factors that influence these interactions and their potential outcomes. A total of 65 studies were analysed in this narrative literature review, covering the years 1961 to 2024. The quality of the relationships between staff and prisoners is associated with perceived prison quality of life and its moral and social climate. Positive relationships foster trust, respect, and compliance, reduce defiance and improve rehabilitation outcomes. Factors influencing these relationships include procedural justice, communication styles, shared values, and organisational factors. Procedural justice, or fair and respectful treatment, enhances perceived legitimacy and reduces negative outcomes. Effective communication between staff and prisoners is essential for positive interactions. Shared values and understanding can foster trust and cooperation. Organisational factors such as prison culture, leadership, and policies also influence staff-prisoner dynamics. Positive staff and prisoner relationships are associated with improved prison safety and the overall prison moral and social climate. Addressing problems or challenges related to these factors is essential for building a more humane and effective prison environment.
Right to Access Health Care in Prisons: International Standards and Practice
Authors: Đukanović Anđela
Published: January 2025

All rights are maintained by individuals deprived of their liberty unless they are legally revoked by the verdict that sentences them or orders their detention. Nevertheless, the provision of health care in prisons is not feasible in the same way, due to the prevalence of certain health issues in prisons and specific inherent constraints. Even though international documents governing the treatment of prisoners declare equivalence of health care, which implies that prisoners must have access to the same levels of health care as the general population and must receive the same level of care as the community, the health of prisoners is often inferior to that of the general
population. In the context of international bodies that make decisions on individual complaints, access to health care is achieved through civil and political rights, rather than economic and social rights. Regarding the right of prisoners to access health care, the European Court of Human Rights maintains the most comprehensive practice, and human rights violations are addressed in accordance with the unique circumstances of each case, in addition to a few general principles. However, the European Court of Human Rights allows states to exercise some discretion concerning the principle of equivalence of health care. The World Health Organization's efforts to collect
data on critical health indicators in prisons and develop evidence-based health care policies could lead to improved prisoner health.
The Right of Prisoners to Freedom of Expression
Authors: Stevanović Aleksandar , Pavlović Zoran
Published: January 2025

The authors seek to consider general issues concerning the legal aspects of prisoners' right to freedom of expression. The relevant doctrinal approaches and concepts of importance for the issue in question were analyzed, with reference to the judicial practice, which, from a historical perspective, played a significant role in defining the criteria that justify the restriction of the right to freedom of expression regarding members of the prison population. In this sense, the leading judgments from the case law of the USA as well as the jurisprudence of the ECtHR are pointed out. For the purposes of this research, the right to freedom of expression was viewed in a somewhat broader scope than is the case with the convention and constitutional determination of this right. As part of the right to freedom of expression, matters were analyzed that are usually included
and interpreted within the framework of the right to family and private life, considering that maintaining contact with the outside world through the exchange of correspondence is often the most prevalent form of communication that prisoners achieve during incarceration. Also, although most of the analyzed issues refer to prisoners serving relatively longer prison sentences due to their integration into the prison system and living conditions, the principal conclusions and recommendations are equally valid when it comes to persons serving shorter prison sentences, detainees, and persons in relation to which some other form of deprivation of liberty was applied.
Obstacles to Disputes When Resorting to Litigation Through Traditional and Electronic Arbitration in Iraq
Authors: Nadhmi Basma Amer Omar , Abdullah Mohamad Asmadi
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to examine the absence of legal frameworks in Iraq that govern electronic arbitration and identify the challenges contracting parties face in resolving disputes arising from electronic commercial contracts. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of adopting electronic arbitration to align Iraq’s legal and economic development with global advancements.
 
Methods: The researcher employed both analytical and comparative methodologies. The analytical approach was used to assess the current state of electronic arbitration in Iraq, while the comparative approach examined international legal frameworks and best practices to provide insights into potential reforms.
 
Results: The findings indicate that electronic arbitration provides a secure and efficient method for resolving disputes related to electronic commercial contracts. The study also highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the urgency of adopting digital dispute resolution mechanisms, as traditional court procedures proved slow and inefficient during times of economic and social crises.
 
Conclusion: The study concludes that legislative reforms are necessary to integrate electronic arbitration into Iraq’s legal system, ensuring the swift and effective resolution of commercial disputes. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of training arbitrators through collaboration with international organizations to enhance their ability to handle electronic arbitration effectively.
Saudi Arabia’s Generative AI Strategy: Legal Challenges in Intellectual Property Protection
Authors: Farwah Mahmoud Mohammed Abu
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate Saudi Arabia’s legal framework concerning intellectual property (IP) protection in AI development. It seeks to identify legal barriers to AI training, particularly in copyright law, and propose legislative reforms to enhance innovation while maintaining IP rights. The research aligns with Vision 2030, positioning Saudi Arabia as a leader in AI-driven innovation.
 
Methods: The study employs a comparative legal analysis, examining international models such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan. It assesses Saudi copyright laws related to AI training, identifying limitations due to strict adherence to international IP conventions. The research also explores potential legal reforms to support AI development.
 
Results: The study finds that Saudi Arabia’s legal framework lacks the flexibility needed to support AI innovation. The strict copyright laws hinder AI training due to the absence of exceptions for text and data mining. Comparative analysis reveals that other jurisdictions have adopted more adaptive licensing mechanisms and open data policies, which foster AI growth.
 
Conclusion: The study concludes that Saudi Arabia must implement legislative reforms to balance IP protection and AI innovation. It recommends introducing exceptions for text and data mining, establishing adaptive licensing models, and promoting open data policies. Strengthening public-private partnerships is also suggested to facilitate lawful data access. These reforms are essential for Saudi Arabia to become a regional and global leader in AI development.
Globalisation and Insurance Sector Penetration: Macro Evidence from Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences,Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, (Ph.D) KOLAPO, Funso Tajudeen , (Ph.D) ASIYANBI Haadi Babatunde ,   Federal College of Education, Oyo, (Ph.D) DADA, Samuel Obafemi ,   Department of Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences,Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Published: January 2025

The impact of globalisation on the penetration of the insurance industry in Nigeria from 1987 to 2021 was investigated in this study using the distributed lag long-run estimating technique. The results from the use of KOF Globalisation index showed that globalisation promotes penetration of the insurance sector (Coeff =0.1388; p. value0.01). It furthered revealed that Insurance penetration rate rises with increased GDP per capita, population, and financial sector development. However, inflation reduces insurance penetration rate. Globalisation greatly aids in the penetration of the insurance sector in Nigeria which suggests the opening up of the Nigerian insurance market to foreign competition, lowering costs and increasing the efficiency of insurance services. The government also need to formulate appropriate policies to encourage the mobility of insurance products, services, and capital. Asides the aforementioned, insurers in Nigeria are encouraged to continuously offer globalised products that adhere to international standards to attract foreign consumers. Meanwhile, the dark sides of globalisation should be mitigated while introducing these new insurance services and products.