bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissociating STAT4 and STAT5 Signaling Inhibitory Functions of SOCS3: Effects on CD8 T Cell Responses
Authors: Hwang Ji Young , Holland John E , Valenteros Kristine B , Sun Yanbo , Usherwood Young-Kwang , Verissimo Andreia F , McLellan Jason S , Grigoryan Gevorg , Usherwood Edward J
Published: November 2019

Cytokines are critical for guiding the differentiation of T lymphocytes to perform specialized tasks in the immune response. Developing strategies to manipulate cytokine-signaling pathways holds promise to program T cell differentiation toward the most therapeutically useful direction. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are attractive targets, as they effectively inhibit undesirable cytokine signaling. However, these proteins target multiple signaling pathways, some of which we may need to remain uninhibited. SOCS3 inhibits IL-12 signaling but also inhibits the IL-2–signaling pathway. In this study, we use computational protein design based on SOCS3 and JAK crystal structures to engineer a mutant SOCS3 with altered specificity. We generated a mutant SOCS3 designed to ablate interactions with JAK1 but maintain interactions with JAK2. We show that this mutant does indeed ablate JAK1 inhibition, although, unexpectedly, it still coimmunoprecipitates with JAK1 and does so to a greater extent than with JAK2. When expressed in CD8 T cells, mutant SOCS3 preserved inhibition of JAK2-dependent STAT4 phosphorylation following IL-12 treatment. However, inhibition of STAT phosphorylation was ablated following stimulation with JAK1-dependent cytokines IL-2, IFN-α, and IL-21. Wild-type SOCS3 inhibited CD8 T cell expansion in vivo and induced a memory precursor phenotype. In vivo T cell expansion was restored by expression of the mutant SOCS3, and this also reverted the phenotype toward effector T cell differentiation. These data show that SOCS proteins can be engineered to fine-tune their specificity, and this can exert important changes to T cell biology.
Th1 Cells Rolling on Selectins Trigger DAP12-Dependent Signals That Activate Integrin αLβ2
Authors: Shao Bojing , Yago Tadayuki , Panicker Sumith R. , Zhang Nan , Liu Zhenghui , McEver Rodger P.
Published: November 2019

During inflammation, both neutrophils and effector T cells use selectins to roll and integrins to arrest in postcapillary venules. In both cell types, chemokines can transduce signals that convert integrin αLβ2 to a high-affinity conformation, which interacts with ICAM-1 to mediate arrest. In neutrophils, selectins also trigger an immunoreceptor-like signaling cascade that converts integrin αLβ2 to an intermediate-affinity conformation, which interacts with ICAM-1 to slow rolling. It is not known whether selectins induce similar signaling events in T cells. Ag engagement causes phosphorylation of ITAMs on the TCR; these motifs recruit kinases and adaptors that lead to the activation of αLβ2. We found that mouse Th1 cells rolling on P- or E-selectin triggered signals that promoted αLβ2-dependent slow rolling on ICAM-1 in vitro and in vivo. The selectin signaling cascade resembled that used by the TCR, except that unexpectedly, Th1 cells employed the ITAM-bearing protein DAP12, which was not known to be expressed in these cells. Importantly, outside-in signaling through ligand-occupied αLβ2 also required DAP12. Cooperative selectin and chemokine signaling in Th1 cells promoted αLβ2-dependent slow rolling and arrest in vitro and in vivo and migration into Ag-challenged tissues in vivo. Our findings reveal an important function for DAP12 in Th1 cells and a new mechanism to recruit effector T cells to sites of inflammation.
How pain management for children with cerebral palsy in South African schools complies with up-to-date knowledge
Authors: Johnson Ensa , Nilsson Stefan , Adolfsson Margareta
Published: November 2019

Background: Pain in children with cerebral palsy (CP) has its sources in musculoskeletal problems that can influence learning in a school setting. Best pain management is essential for these children, but school staff may not keep up to date with the latest developments and interventions. Therefore, staff’s perceptions of beneficial strategies may not comply with contemporary scientific knowledge about effective evidence-based interventions.Objectives: This study investigated how pain management intervention for children with CP in South African schools complied with international scientific knowledge about evidence-based interventions. The intention was to provide support for an update of knowledge on both individual level (i.e. professionals) and system level (i.e. decision makers).Method: Five focus groups were conducted with staff members at five schools for children with special educational needs in South Africa. Manifest and latent content analyses of professional statements identified interventions reported as beneficial and related them to higher and lower levels of intervention evidence as reported at the time of data collection.Results: Most treatment strategies concerned motor functioning that fell within the framework of physiotherapists and occupational therapists. Access to orthopaedic expertise was limited, waiting times were long and medication for spasticity treatment was not offered.Conclusion: A discrepancy between published evidence and clinical practice for pain management in children with CP in South African school settings was noted. Suggestions for improved early intervention to identify children’s hips at risk through surveillance programmes; and orthopaedic management are proposed to prevent deformities and unnecessary suffering in South African children with CP.
Friction Material Elastic Constants Determination through FRF Measurements and Optimization
Authors:   Brake NVH Standards Committee
Published: November 2019

This SAE Standard specifies necessary procedures and control parameters in estimating anisotropic elastic constants of friction material based on pad assembly FRF measurements and optimization. It is intended to provide a set of elastic constants as inputs to brake NVH simulation, with the objective of ensuring pad assembly vibration correlation between simulation and measurements.
Un ejemplo de aprendizaje de modelización matemática basado en un problema de flotación
Authors: González-Santander Juan Luis , Monreal Llúcia
Published: November 2019

Una máquina es capaz de hacer figuras tridimensionales que pueden flotar en diferentes tipos de líquidos, utilizando para cada una siempre la misma cantidad de masa. Cuando la máquina ya había hecho esferas, los ingenieros se plantearon diseñar otras figuras que alcanzasen la misma profundidad debajo de la supercie. Probaron con cubos y se dieron cuenta de que, independientemente del líquido sobre el que flotaran las figuras, las esferas siempre alcanzaban una profundidad mayor que los cubos. ¿Podría resolverse su problema usando conos?
Formulación matricial en Acústica: el método de la matriz de transferencia
Authors: Herrero-Durá Iván , Cebrecos Ruíz Alejandro , García-Raffi Luis M. , Romero-García Vicente
Published: November 2019

Las matrices se introducen en asignaturas de Matemáticas relacionadas fundamentalmente con los contenidos relativos a los espacios vectoriales y el álgebra lineal en donde las matrices aparecen desconectadas de sus aplicaciones en otros campos de la ciencia y la ingeniería. La transmisión de estos conocimientos se realiza, en muchas ocasiones, de una manera puramente teórica y planteando problemas a los alumnos que a veces son abstractos y carentes de aplicación. En este trabajo presentamos una aplicación del formalismo matricial en Acústica: el método de la matriz de transferencia. Es un método simple, ampliamente utilizado en problemas de transmisión y reflexión. Para un sistema compuesto por una guía de ondas y una placa encastrada de aluminio sometida a la presión de una onda acústica, podemos establecer una conexión simple entre el formalismo matricial, el uso de vectores y las magnitudes físicas.
A linguagem da História: entre o passado, a ficção e aquele que escreve
Authors: Moraes Anne Caroline da Rocha de
Published: November 2019

Quando ouvimos a frase “conte-me uma história”, em português, pode-se estar falando dos mitos e contos de fadas, da história de vida de alguém ou dos acontecimentos da história mundial. Assim, disciplina histórica, literatura e biografia estão relacionadas quando colocamos a palavra “História” em jogo. Esse ensaio tem como objetivo pensar a relação que se estabelece entre a Literatura e a História, num debate a respeito do papel da ficção e do sujeito historiador na produção do conhecimento histórico. Para isso, mobilizamos uma bibliografia interdisciplinar, onde alguns historiadores dialogam com escritos dos filósofos Jacques Rancière e Giorgio Agamben, com o mitólogo Furio Jesi e com a psicanálise. Por fim, o texto é permeado pela grande contribuição do poeta e vidente Hermann Hesse que em seus livros de literatura pode trazer profundas reflexões não só para se pensar o sujeito, mas também para o campo da teoria e escrita da história.
Confinadas em si mesmas: a morte social e o isolamento do sujeito em O conto da aia, de Margaret Atwood
Authors: Arbo Jade Bueno , Marques Eduardo Marks de
Published: November 2019

Em O Conto da Aia, de Margaret Atwood, a República de Gilead submete suas mulheres ainda férteis a uma série de atos que resultam em uma condição particular de morte em vida, uma condição a qual podemos chamar de morte social. Essa aparece em sua forma mais extrema, segundo Patterson (1985), na instituição da escravidão. A partir do estudo de Patterson, Lisa Guenther (2013) investiga os mecanismos que fazem e desfazem uma pessoa tanto externa (socialmente) quanto internamente (subjetivamente). O presente trabalho propõe que a interpretação da condição das Aias em Gilead como uma condição de escravidão abre portas para a compreensão das práticas sociais que geram o efeito da morte social desses sujeitos, bem como para a compreensão das condições de possibilidade do regime representado pela obra em questão, que de início pode nos parecer tão extremo, mas que tem como sua base mecanismos familiares de exclusão e violação.
Literatura e políticas educacionais: uma abordagem social a partir do conto "Caminhão de Arroz" de Bernardo Élis
Authors: Pinheiro Neto José Elias , Oliveira Antonio
Published: November 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é perceber no conto Caminhão de Arroz, publicado em 1962, na coletânea de contos Ermos e Gerais, de Bernardo Élis, escritor renomado de Goiás, possibilidades de letramento literário que pode propiciar ao leitor uma reflexão epistemológica sobre si e sobre o meio social. Além disso, demonstrar a necessidade de pensar sobre o ensino de literatura no sistema educacional atual, uma vez que a literatura deve ser voltada para o processo de humanização do ser humano (CÂNDIDO, 1995). A análise se refere especificamente a um estudo sociológico confrontada com objeto da pesquisa: o conto. A narrativa envolve uma personagem que busca na cidade de Anápolis-GO a irmã desparecida. Ela é uma sertaneja e em sua primeira aparição está na carroceria de um caminhão com uma carga de arroz, as pessoas da cidade confundem a protagonista com uma das sacas e totalmente desajeitada desembarca procurando informação a respeito de sua parente que não vê por muito tempo. Há em sua busca frustrada o sofrimento com zombarias e desprezo das pessoas da cidade e, ainda, a personagem sente tristeza e amargura por se ver em um enorme espelho e não conseguir se reconhecer nele. A trama aponta uma reflexão em relação ao confronto meio rural e cidade e a à disparidade social marcante da história de Goiás, configurada pela forma de menosprezo de como se dão as relações entre os citadinos e os ‘roceiros’. Por fim, a obra assume um caráter universal dada a angústia social da personagem que acaba por representar o ser humano de uma forma geral. Tais observações são pressupostos para a contextualização do ensino de literatura na atualidade.
The Governance of British Higher Education
Authors: Shattock Michael , Horvath Aniko
Published: November 2019

Forms of institutional governance critically shape the culture, creativity and academic outcomes of higher education. The book provides a new, updated and research based account of the changing face of the governance of British higher education. Historically, British universities were deemed amongst the most, if not the most, autonomous in Europe, with governance rooted in their collegial disciplinary structures. This assessment must now be decisively revised, although the belief systems deriving from it remain buried deep in university culture.

Drawing on the authors' investigation of the governance of higher education in the four UK nations, including extensive on-site interviews, and discussions with government policy-makers, the book shows how global, national and system level pressures have changed the face both of the external governance of higher education institutions and how universities govern themselves. Government priorities, new funding methodologies and marketisation have all played a part in this process. Since the mid-1980s, there have been drastic changes in the external environment, reinforced by the increasing diversity within the higher education system as a whole and between the national sub-systems. In addition a new private sector of higher education has been created. New forms of institutional governance are emerging which may have profound effects on research and teaching and on academic creativity and innovation. The study discusses the effects of a state regulated system compared with the more heterarchical system which preceded it. It offers a comparison of the effects of devolved governance to Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland on the respective higher education systems and their impact on institutional governance. The study concludes that England is becoming increasingly an outlier, and discusses the long term implications for the coherence of a British higher education system.
Wintertime aerosol dominated by solid-fuel-burning emissions across Ireland: insight into the spatial and chemical variation in submicron aerosol
Authors: Lin Chunshui , Ceburnis Darius , Huang Ru-Jin , Xu Wei , Spohn Teresa , Martin Damien , Buckley Paul , Wenger John , Hellebust Stig , Rinaldi Matteo , Facchini Maria Cristina , O'Dowd Colin , Ovadnevaite Jurgita
Published: November 2019

Abstract. To gain insight into the spatial and chemical variation
in submicron aerosol, a nationwide characterization of wintertime
PM1 was performed using an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM)
and aethalometer at four representative sites across Ireland. Dublin, the
capital city of Ireland, was the most polluted area with an average PM1
concentration of 8.6 µg m−3, ranging from < 0.5 to 146.8 µg m−3 in December 2016. The PM1 in
Dublin was mainly composed of carbonaceous aerosol (organic aerosol (OA) + black carbon (BC)), which, on average, accounted for 80 % of total PM1 mass during the monitoring period. Birr, a small town in the midlands area of Ireland with a population < 1 % of that in Dublin, showed an average PM1 concentration (4.8 µg m−3, ranging from < 0.5 to 63.0 µg m−3 in December 2015) of around half that (56 %)
in Dublin. Similarly, the PM1 in Birr was also mainly composed of
carbonaceous aerosol, accounting for 77 % of total PM1 mass. OA
source apportionment results show that local emissions from residential
heating were the dominant contributors (65 %–74 % of the OA) at the two
sites, with solid fuel burning, on average, contributing 48 %–50 % of the
total OA. On the other hand, Carnsore Point and Mace Head, which are both
regional background coastal sites, showed lower average PM1
concentrations (2.2 µg m−3 for Carnsore Point in December 2016 and 0.7 µg m−3 for Mace Head in January 2013) due to the distance from
emission sources. Both sites were dominated by secondary aerosol comprising
oxygenated OA (OOA), nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium. This nationwide source
apportionment study highlights the large contribution of residential solid
fuel burning to urban air pollution and identifies specific sources that
should be targeted to improve air quality. On the other hand, this study
also shows that rural and coastal areas are dominated by secondary aerosol
from regional transport, which is more difficult to tackle. Detailed
characterization of the spatial and chemical variation in submicron aerosol
in this relatively less studied western European region has significant
implications for air quality policies and mitigation strategies, as well as
for regional-transport aerosol modeling.
The Elbrus (Caucasus, Russia) ice core record – Part 2: history of desert dust deposition
Authors: Kutuzov Stanislav , Legrand Michel , Preunkert Susanne , Ginot Patrick , Mikhalenko Vladimir , Shukurov Karim , Poliukhov Aleksei , Toropov Pavel
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Ice cores are one of the most valuable paleo-archives. Records from
ice cores provide information not only about the amount of dust in the
atmosphere, but also about dust sources and their changes in the past. In
2009, a 182 m long ice core was recovered from the western plateau of Mt
Elbrus (5115 m a.s.l.). This record was further extended after a shallow ice
core was drilled in 2013. Here we analyse Ca2+ concentrations, a
commonly used proxy of dust, recorded in these Elbrus ice records over the
time period of 1774–2013 CE. The Ca2+ record reveals quasi-decadal
variability with a generally increasing trend. Using multiple regression
analysis, we found a statistically significant spatial correlation of the
Elbrus Ca2+ summer concentrations with precipitation and soil
moisture content in the Levant region (specifically Syria and Iraq). The
Ca2+ record also correlates with drought indices in North Africa
(r=0.67, p<0.001) and Middle East regions (r=0.71, p<0.001). Dust concentrations prominently increase in the ice core over the
past 200 years, confirming that the recent droughts in the Fertile Crescent
(1998–2012 CE) present the most severe aridity experienced in at least the
past two centuries. For the most recent 33 years recorded (1979–2012 CE),
significant correlations exist between Ca2+ and Pacific circulation
indices (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Southern Oscillation Index and
Niño 4), which suggests that the increased frequency of extreme El
Niño and La Niña events due to a warming climate has extended their
influence to the Middle East. Evidence demonstrates that the increase in
Ca2+ concentration in the ice core cannot be attributed to human
activities, such as coal combustion and cement production.
Measurements and quality control of ammonia eddy covariance fluxes: a new strategy for high-frequency attenuation correction
Authors: Moravek Alexander , Singh Saumya , Pattey Elizabeth , Pelletier Luc , Murphy Jennifer G.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Measurements of the surface–atmosphere exchange of
ammonia (NH3) are necessary to study the emission and deposition
processes of NH3 from managed and natural ecosystems. The eddy
covariance technique, which is the most direct method for trace gas exchange measurements at the ecosystem level, requires trace gas detection at a fast
sample frequency and high precision. In the past, the major limitation for
measuring NH3 eddy covariance fluxes has been the slow time response of
NH3 measurements due to NH3 adsorption on instrument surfaces.
While high-frequency attenuation correction methods are used, large
uncertainties in these corrections still exist, which are mainly due to the lack of
understanding of the processes that govern the time response. We measured
NH3 fluxes over a corn crop field using a quantum cascade laser
spectrometer (QCL) that enables measurements of NH3 at a 10 Hz
measurement frequency. The 5-month measurement period covered a large range
of environmental conditions that included both periods of NH3 emission
and deposition and allowed us to investigate the time response controlling
parameters under field conditions. Without high-frequency loss correction, the
median daytime NH3 flux was 8.59 ng m−2 s−1 during emission
and −19.87 ng m−2 s−1 during deposition periods, with a median
daytime random flux error of 1.61 ng m−2 s−1. The overall median
flux detection limit was 2.15 ng m−2 s−1, leading to only 11.6 % of valid flux data below the detection limit. From the flux attenuation
analysis, we determined a median flux loss of 17 % using the ogive method.
No correlations of the flux loss with environmental or analyser parameters
(such as humidity or inlet ageing) were found, which was attributed to the uncertainties
in the ogive method. Therefore, we propose a new method that simulates the
flux loss by using the analyser time response that is determined frequently
over the course of the measurement campaign. A correction that uses as a
function of the horizontal wind speed and the time response is formulated
which accounts for surface ageing and contamination over the course of the
experiment. Using this method, the median flux loss was calculated to be 46 %, which was substantially higher than with the ogive method.
Compacting the description of a time-dependent multivariable system and its multivariable driver by reducing the state vectors to aggregate scalars: the Earth's solar-wind-driven magnetosphere
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E. , Osmane Adnane
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Using the solar-wind-driven
magnetosphere–ionosphere–thermosphere system, a methodology is developed to
reduce a state-vector description of a time-dependent driven system to a
composite scalar picture of the activity in the system. The technique uses
canonical correlation analysis to reduce the time-dependent system and
driver state vectors to time-dependent system and driver scalars, with the
scalars describing the response in the system that is most-closely related
to the driver. This reduced description has advantages: low noise, high
prediction efficiency, linearity in the described system response to the
driver, and compactness. The methodology identifies independent modes of
reaction of a system to its driver. The analysis of the magnetospheric
system is demonstrated. Using autocorrelation analysis, Jensen–Shannon
complexity analysis, and permutation-entropy analysis the properties of the
derived aggregate scalars are assessed and a new mode of reaction of the
magnetosphere to the solar wind is found. This state-vector-reduction
technique may be useful for other multivariable systems driven by multiple
inputs.
Ilustração limenha e o Peru além dos Andes no periódico Mercurio Peruano (1791-1795)
Authors: Londoño Fernando Torres , Cunha Sharley josé
Published: November 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como ilustrados de Lima, imbuídos de fervor patriótico, construíram nas páginas do periódico Mercurio Peruano (1791-1795) a imagem de um Peru grande, que incluía desconhecidas paragens além dos Andes: o chamado país do Ucayali. Para isso, os mercuristas encontraram nos registros de missionários franciscanos dos anos 90 do século XVIII, que adentraram na região, a experiência e a descrição presentes no seu programa epistemológico. Recorrendo a uma intervenção editorial, que chamamos aqui de “transliteração”, os rios Ucayali, Huallaga, e seus afluentes apareceram nas páginas do Mercurio, iluminados por luzes ilustradas, como um Peru idealizado, de prosperidade futura.
História e audiovisual: formação e percursos de um grupo de pesquisa
Authors: Morettin Eduardo Victorio , Napolitano Marcos
Published: November 2019

O artigo recupera a trajetória do Grupo de Pesquisa CNPq “História e Audiovisual: circularidades e formas de comunicação”, identificando as principais questões de método que orientam sua produção intelectual. Elenca os resultados obtidos ao longo de seus quinze anos de existência e sintetiza os principais avanços obtidos no campo.
COMPETÊNCIAS EMOCIONAIS COMO DISPOSITIVO PARA INTEGRALIZAÇÃO DO CUIDADO EM SAÚDE: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O TRABALHO INTERPROFISSIONAL
Authors: Silva Michelle Almeida , Cardoso Érika Leite da Silva , Miranda Tatjana Teresa de Lima , Sampaio Juliana
Published: November 2019

A interprofissionalidade promove o aperfeiçoamento da assistência integral à saúde. Porém, o trabalho em equipe, por vezes, é permeado por conflitos, os quais podem ser gerenciados através das competências emocionais. Esse estudo objetiva relatar uma experiência de desenvolvimento de competências emocionais para fortalecimento do processo de trabalho interprofissional, com vistas à integralidade do cuidado. O Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho em Saúde desenvolveu essa experiência em 2015, num serviço de média complexidade. Inicialmente, foi utilizado um jogo, visando explorar fragilidades do serviço, o qual possibilitou identificar o sentimento de inibição de muitos profissionais diante de situações do cotidiano laboral. Posteriormente, objetivando contornar tais inibições, atividades lúdicas foram realizadas por meio de vídeos, jogos e rodas de conversas, que promoveram diálogos interprofissionais, com foco nas competências empatia e assertividade, que resultaram em uma postura mais ativa e questionadora dos profissionais frente às necessidades do processo de trabalho da equipe.
Challenges in diagnosing odontogenic lesions in maxillary sinuses
Authors: Dobroś Katarzyna , Zarzecka Joanna
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The study aimed to identify the patients with pathological lesions in the maxillary sinuses in which the reported symptoms might be indicative of odontogenic origin, as well as to establish specific causative risk factors promoting their development.
Methods and Materials: The study covered 44 patients with suspected odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. Dental examination and Cone Bean Computed Tomography was completed. Their age ranged 19 - 69 years, mean age was 43 (SD = 13.9) years.
Results: Out of 44 patients, 22 (50%) had non-odontogenic lesions in maxillary sinuses, while in 15 (34.1%) dental origin was established. In the remaining 7 (15.9%) patients, no pathological changes were found in the sinuses. A median of reported symptoms was 10 months (Q1 = 4, Q3 = 24). Reported complaints were not associated with the actual cause of pathological lesions.
Conclusions: Odontogenic cause of the lesions in the sinuses should primarily be hypothesized, especially in the patients with long-term disease symptoms, also with regard to any unilateral inflammations.
DYNAMIC STRENGHT TESTS OF MATERIALS FROM TUNGSTEN HEAVY ALLOYS DESIGED FOR PENETRATORS OF APFSDS-T PROJECTILES
Authors: Cybula Leszek
Published: November 2019

The paper presents results of strength tests for tungsten heavy alloys (WHA) designated for the rods of APFSDS–T kinetic projectiles. The strength tests of WHA materials were carried out in conditions of heavy dynamical loads i.e. by the firing. The paper gives a theoretical concept for the identification of stresses within the critical cross-sections of the investigated projectile, and a description of a testing stand which was specially prepared and equipped with 30 mm smooth bore ballistic barrel, and description of methodology and test results. It was especially interesting to test the material against various dynamical loads originating both from the forces of gas pressure and the crosswise forces occurring at the projectile’s move in the barrel.
Association rules mining applied in the animal movement exploratory analysis
Authors: Fontes S. G. , Côrrea P. L. P. , Stanzani S. L. , Morato R. G.
Published: November 2019

The animal movement analysis determines the animal behavior, which is the basis for understanding the interaction between species and the environment and to guide actions of preservation and conservation. The challenge is how to explore this movement data, getting indications about how the animal behaves over time and space. In this sense, a framework to animal movement exploratory analysis is presented, that combines algorithms for spatiotemporal data analysis and association rules mining, as a first step to answer questions related to animal behavior. We performed the framework’s evaluation in the exploratory analysis of monitored monkeys (Cebus capucinus) in the Panamá.
An Analysis of Subjectivity in Brazilian News
Authors: Lima D. F. , Melo A. S. C. , Marinho L. B.
Published: November 2019

With the advent of digital journalism, the democratization of information has become a reality, since news articles are published as soon as the facts occur and are accessible from any device connected to the internet. It is common sense the perception that some newspapers are more biased than others when it comes to the way of exposing the facts. However, automatic ways of measuring such biases is still an open research challenge. Under the premise that journalistic texts must have objective and unbiased language, news with high levels of subjectivity may indicate bias. In this paper, we propose to use subjectivity lexicons to characterize subjectivity in five news portals that are popular in Brazil. To better understand the results found, we performed a correlation analysis between the levels of subjectivity found and readability and news popularity metrics. We believe that the methods we used along with our findings contribute to a better understanding of the linguistic characteristics of the news we consume daily.
A Perspective on Popular Religious Idealism and Its Cultural Contexts
Authors: deChant Dell ,   Academic Publishing
Published: November 2019

This article explores the relationship of two “metaphysical” religious traditions, Christian Science and New Thought. The argument developed here is that the two traditions are closely related, using the category of Religious Idealism to identify similarities. The article offers a departure from traditional, long-standing assessments of the relationship between the movements, which focus on their differences. Specific problems considered are initially posed by questions related to the origins of the movements, and the study of origins is the focus of this paper. Three other categories of relevance will also be noted: (1) theology and cosmology, (2) the centrality of mental healing, and (3) biblical exegesis.
Evaluating Novel Markers for Specimen Validity Testing
Authors: Kyle Patrick B. , Kaur Jaswinder
Published: November 2019

Context.—

Synthetic urine products are commercially marketed for the purpose of specimen substitution for urine drug screens. These products are widely popular because they yield negative drug screen results, meet criteria for specimen validity testing, and are easily accessible and affordable. Current specimen validity criteria are ineffective for detecting these synthetic products, and new markers of specimen validity are required.

Objective.—

To develop and evaluate a multicomponent liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for urine specimen validity testing.

Design.—

A quantitative LC-MS/MS assay was developed for caffeine, cotinine, theobromine, and urobilin in urine. The assay was applied to known synthetic urine products (n = 10) as well as human specimens received for pre-employment testing (n = 500), for-cause workplace testing (n = 100), and medical pain management monitoring (n = 200). Specimens devoid of all 4 validity markers were subjected to follow-up testing that involved microscopic urinalysis and comprehensive gas chromatography mass spectrometry for drugs, pharmaceuticals, hormones, and lipids.

Results.—

Of the experimental groups, 10 of 10 synthetic urine products (100%), 12 of 500 pre-employment specimens (2.4%), and 4 of 200 pain management specimens (2.0%) failed the experimental LC-MS/MS assay. Follow-up testing indicated that each of the failed specimens was nonphysiologic in nature.

Conclusions.—

Simultaneous application of the 4 experimental validity markers appeared to be a robust method for detecting nonphysiologic specimens. New markers of specimen validity must be developed in order to identify commercially available synthetic urine products.
Educação critica: uma aliança entre Educação Ambiental e M-learning
Authors: Santos Amanda Pereira , Silva Eder Batista da , Candeias Ana Lúcia Bezerra , Costa Maria Aparecida Tenório da
Published: November 2019

O Bairro do Recife, um patrimônio do estado de Pernambuco, possui uma dinâmica única, e faz parte do imaginário cultural e afetivo dos recifenses, por ser parte da história da formação tanto da cidade, como também do estado. Dessa forma, é importante que o mesmo seja trabalhado na sala de aula, de forma interdisciplinar, aproximando os conteúdos formais com o cotidiano dos estudantes. Para superar esse desafio, um trabalho de educação ambiental atrelado às tecnologias móveis é essencial, pois assim o processo de aprendizado acompanhará o ritmo frenético do mundo globalizado. Diante de dessa realidade a educação ambiental, em conjunto com o M-learning, respeita o tempo de aprendizagem de cada aluno, e possibilita a construção de conhecimento a qualquer hora e lugar. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a maneira como os alunos do ensino médio se apropriam de conhecimentos acerca do Bairro do Recife utilizando as tecnologias móveis. Para isso fez-se uso da metodologia qualitativa durante a realização de oficinas participativas com estudantes dos três anos do ensino médio de uma escola de referência da cidade do Recife. Durante as atividades desenvolvidas os participantes puderam utilizar os smartphones para pesquisar e compartilhar notícias. A observação pelo olhar da sociologia reflexiva e a análise dos discursos dos educandos permitiu afirmar que as tecnologias móveis são ferramentas importantes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, e com o adequado emprego destas é possível refletir criticamente na construção de novos conhecimentos acerca do Bairro do Recife.
FINTA - Formação Inicial em Teatro de Animação
Authors: De Souza Alex , De Campos Gizely Cesconetto , Gonçalves Maysa Carvalho
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo apresenta a criação do curso de Formação Inicial em Teatro de Animação - FINTA, do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina - IFSC Campus Florianópolis. Narra motivações e objetivos para sua oferta num contexto social, cultural e político específico. Completar lacunas na formação profissional demandada, principalmente, por artistas que se dedicam ao teatro de animação em Florianópolis e região, difundir conhecimentos dessa linguagem em suas diversas modalidades, capacitar a atuação na área artística e incentivar a formação de grupos artísticos e de público no teatro, compreender que artistas são profissionais e necessitam desenvolver técnicas para exercer seu ofício, são alguns dos objetivos do curso, além de se constituir também como campo de resistência da formação artística.Palavras-chave: Formação. Teatro de Animação. FINTA. Educação Profissional.
Alumiar – Uma formação em fluxo
Authors: De Oliveira Fabiana Lazzari
Published: November 2019

Alumiar – uma formação em fluxo revela algumas considerações apreendidassobre uma prática pedagógica para o teatro de sombras contemporâneo. Descrevo e analiso três momentos que considero fundamentais de instrução nas oficinas e cursos de formação para possíveis atuantes, sejam professoras, arte-educadoras, atrizes1 ou diretoras no Teatro de Sombras: a sensibilização do escuro, da luz e da sombra; os fundamentos técnicos do teatro de sombras; e algumas possibilidades para criação cênica.Palavras-chave: Teatro de Sombras. Pedagogia do Teatro. Formação.
IONOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ZINC IN MILK
Authors: Matyushkina Yulia I. , Shabarin Alexandr A.
Published: November 2019

The possibility of ionometric determination of zinc in the rhodanide complex form in milk is represented. The indicator electrode was ion-selective electrode (ISE) with solution of tetradecylammonium bromide in nitrobenzene as a membrane.  As a complexing agent the potassium thiocyanate with 1.0 mol/l optimal concentration in investigated solutions was selected. The calibration dependence E = f(pCZn(II)) were typical anionic functions. The steepness of the electrode function (29±2 mV/pC), close to the theoretical value for the doubly−charged ions, suggests that the electrochemically active anions are [Zn(NCS)4]2-. The interval of linearity of calibration curves is 1.0 to 5.7 pC, the detection limit is equal to 1∙10-6 mol/l. The selectivity of determination of zinc in the rhodanide complex form was investigated with “The mixed solutions” method in the presence of potassium, calcium, aluminum, iron (III), manganese (II), copper (II) chlorides potassium iodide and nitric acid solutions. The background concentration of extraneous (j) substances in investigated solutions was calculated with usage of published data and corresponds to their maximum content in milk. It was founded that the ionometric determination of zinc is possible in range from 1.0 to 5.0 pC for all investigated j-ions. The technique for different types of milk was developed including preliminary sample preparation, used in special certified laboratories and based on dry mineralization of sample and dissolving in nitric acid solution. The concentrations of zinc-ions in analyzed samples were determined with “limiting solutions” method. The correctness of obtained data was confirmed with “entered-found” scheme. The relative standard deviation was not higher then 0.08.
TELOMERS OF 1,3-BUTADIENE WITH WATER AND CARBON OXIDE IN DIRECTED SYNTHESIS OF INSECT’S PHEROMONES
Authors: Ishmuratov Gumer Yu. , Yakovleva Marina P. , Vydrina Valentina A. , Nurieva Evelina R. , Ishmuratova Nailya M. , Giniatullin Marat G.
Published: November 2019

Insect pheromones fit well into the modern concept of integrated plant protection, the main purpose of which is not the complete destruction of insect pests, but the management of their number without affecting or affecting to a minimum extent all other organisms in the biocenosis. Since pheromones are produced in insect organisms most often in nanogram quantities, the only way to obtain them for practical purposes is through multi-stage chemical synthesis. In connection with the achievements of metal complex catalysis, a number of oligomers, co-oligomers, and telomeres of lower 1,3-dienes of regular structure became available, therefore, the study of the chemo-, stereo-, and regioselective pathways for the conversion of these substrates into practically important low-molecular insect bioregulators is relevant. The author’s review presents the results of studies of the laboratory of insect bioregulators of the Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the use of available synthetic telomeres of 1,3-butadiene with water and carbon monoxide – 2E,7-octadiene-1-ol and isopropyl-3E,8-nonadienoate, respectively, with E-stereoisomeric purity of not less than 98% in the directed synthesis of mono- and diene components of the acetogenin and macrolide structure of a number of pheromones of economically important harmful insects of the orders Lepidoptera and Coleoptera (sex pheromone of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata, fruit-tree leafroller moth Archips argyrospilus and meadow moth Loxostege sticticalis, Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor, beet moth Scrobipalpa ocellatella, European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana, of females lackey moth Malocosoma neustra L., silkworm Bombyx mori, currant borer moths Synanthedon tipuliformis and wood leopard moth Zeuzera pyrina, the melon fly Dacus cucurbitae, the peach twig borer moths Anarsia lineatella, the turnip moth Agrotis segetum) and 9-oxo-2E-decenoic acid – the multifunctional queen pheromone of the honeybee Apis mellifera L., using at key stages reactions of hydride reduction, hydroboration- or hydroalumination-oxidation, catalyzed cross-coupling, Wittig olefination, etc.
ON MECHANISMS OF OXYGEN INFLUENCE ON GAS-PHASE PARAMETERS AND SILICON REACTIVE-ION ETCHING KINETICS IN HBr + Cl2 + O2 PLASMA
Authors: Efremov Aleksandr M. , Rybkin Vladimir V. , Betelin Vladimir B. , Kwon Kwang-Ho
Published: November 2019

The effects of both HBr/O2 and Cl2/O2 mixing ratios in HBr+Cl2+O2 gas mixture on plasma parameters, steady-state densities of active species and Si etching kinetics were studied under the typical conditions of reactive ion etching process: total gas pressure (p = 10 mTorr), input power (W = 500 W), bias power (Wdc = 200 W). The data on internal plasma parameters and plasma chemistry were obtained using a combination of Langmuir probe diagnostics and 0-dimensional (global) plasma modeling. It was found that the variation in HBr/O2 mixing ratio at constant Cl2 fraction in a feed gas is characterized by the stronger impact on the steady-state plasma composition through both electron-impact and atom-molecular reaction kinetics as well as allows one to obtain the wider change in the total halogen atom density. It was shown that changes in both HBr/O2 and Cl2/O2 mixing ratios toward O2-rich plasmas lowers the Si etching rate that exhibits no evident correlations with total halogen atom flux and ion energy flux. The model-based analysis of Si etching kinetics allowed one to conclude that the effective reaction probability for Si + Cl/Br heterogeneous reaction depends on the flux of oxidative species – oxygen atoms and OH radicals. The reasons may be 1) the oxidation of silicon resulting in higher reaction threshold energy; and 2) the decreasing fraction of free adsorption sites for Cl/Br atoms due to the oxidation of reaction products into the lower volatile SiBrxOy and SiClxOy compounds.
SPECTROSCOPICALLY AND/OR STRUCTURALLY INTRIGUING PHTHALOCYANINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. PART 3. DIMERIC SYSTEMS, TETRAMERS, AND CONCLUSIONS
Authors: Kobayashi Nagao
Published: November 2019

This work is the third part of the review, which presents the properties of a large group of phthalocyanines, which were synthesized and spectroscopically and theoretically studied in works performed under the guidance of the author for the period 2007-2017. Examples of the analysis of spectroscopic data in combination with quantum-chemical calculations of different level are given. As spectroscopic methods, we used the methods of electron absorption, natural and magnetic circular dichroism (CD and MCD) fluorescence, phosphorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance with time resolution. Based on quantum-chemical calculations, the spectra of (4n + 2) p systems, as well as some 4np antiaromatic systems, were theoretically analyzed. Unlike the first and second parts of the review, this part deals with dimeric and tetrameric systems.

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EXTRACTION ABILITY ESTIMATION OF AQUEOUS STRATIFIED SYSTEMS ON EXAMPLE OF COPPER (I, II), CADMIUM AND ZINC EXTRACTION FROM HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTIONS
Authors: Degtev Mikhail I. , Stankova Anastasya V. , Knutov Dmitriy S. , Medvedev Aleksandr P. , Russkikh Mariya Yu.
Published: November 2019

The ability of diantipyrylalkanes to form liquid two-phase equilibrium without an organic solvent in systems with organic acids - benzoic and salicylic has been investigated. In most cases, the separation of systems is achieved when the ratio of the reagent: acid is 1 – 1.25: 1 – 1.12, heated to 85 °C and in the presence of mineral acids (HCl, H2SO4). The volume of the organic phase from 0.8 to 2.0 ml is sufficient for practical purposes, for example, for the extraction of macro or micro quantities of metal ions. It was established that diantipyrylmethane (reagent, L) or its homolog propyldianthipyrylmethane does not form stratification in systems with benzoic and salicylic acids in the absence of HCl or H2SO4 solutions. And, on the contrary, the more basic reagent - hexyldianthipyrylmethane stratifies solutions containing these organic acids without HCl or H2SO4. At the same time, the introduction of the latter provides the separation of aqueous systems with the participation of all reagents diantipyrylmethane, propyldianthipyrylmethane, and hexyldianthipyrylmethane. The volume of the organic phase is increased to 2.0 ml or more. The extraction of macroquantities of ions of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) was studied under optimal conditions of stratification. Chloride or sulfate ions served as ligands. The optimal conditions for the extraction of metal cations, the composition and mechanism of the extracted complexes were determined. The ratio of hexyldianthipyrylmethane : metal is determined by the saturation method, which turned out to be equal to hexyldianthipyrylmethane : Me2+ = 2 : 1. With this ratio, the organic phase becomes solid. Chemical analysis of the extract with an excess of hexyldianthipyrylmethane and benzoic acid for all components showed the ratio of hexyldianthipyrylmethane : H+ : Me2+ : Cl- : benzoic acid = 4.0 : 3.9 : 1.0 : 4.3 : 2.2, which corresponds to the complex (RH)2[MeCl4]∙2RH∙benzoic acid, solvated by two molecules of hexyldianthipyrylmethane benzoate.
STUDY ON DYES ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING RED MUD ACTIVATED BY SULFURIC ACID
Authors: Minh Vu Xuan , Dung Nguyen Tuan , Le Hương T. M.
Published: November 2019

The textile industry wastewater contains the majority of different dyes which are quite toxic and should be removed before disposal. They are often highly resistant for biodegradation and hence are difficult to be treated. The application of adsorbents of natural origin, especially industrial waste, is one of the most attractive solutions for wastewater treatments due to its high socio-economic advantages. In this study, the adsorption capacity of acid activiated red mud for some conventional dyes such as Reactive Red 195 and Direct Yellow 132 was investigated. In this acid activation process part of aluminum oxide, iron oxide on red mud will be dissolved into solution, thereby increasing the specific surface area of the remaining solid phase (from 55 m2/g to 92 m2/g). The amount of red mud dissolved in the solution is about 30% weight. Solid residue is used in this adsorption study. The solution obtained after activation which includes iron sulfate salts, aluminum sulfate used as a coagulant for wastewater treatment. The results showed that, for both dyes, pH 5 is most suitable for the adsorption processes. The adsorption kinetic was based on the pseudo second-order kinetic equation. The rate constants of the second-order model for adsorption of DY132, RR195 on RMA in a solution with a concentration of 100 mg·l-1, pH = 5 are 1.48 and 1.95·10-2 g/(mg·min), respectively, and the equilibrium adsorption capacities are 42.74 and 54.95 mg·g-1, respectively. The adsorption data were well matched to Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 48.54 and 84.31 (mg·g-1) for Reactive Red 195 and Direct Yellow 132, respectively.
Vertices with the second neighborhood property in Eulerian digraphs
Authors: Cary Michael
Published: November 2019

The Second Neighborhood Conjecture states that every simple digraph has a vertex whose second out-neighborhood is at least as large as its first out-neighborhood, i.e. a vertex with the Second Neighborhood Property. A cycle intersection graph of an even graph is a new graph whose vertices are the cycles in a cycle decomposition of the original graph and whose edges represent vertex intersections of the cycles. By using a digraph variant of this concept, we prove that Eulerian digraphs which admit a simple cycle intersection graph not only adhere to the Second Neighborhood Conjecture, but that local simplicity can, in some cases, also imply the existence of a Seymour vertex in the original digraph.