bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency practitioner-administered ultrasound nerve blocks in the emergency department: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Bhattaram Suhrith , Shinde Varsha S. , Lamba Ishan , Khumujam Princy Panthoi , Desai Tanvi Snehal
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES:

In the realm of acute pain management within emergency departments (EDs), the prevalent reliance on systemic analgesics, notably opioids, presents challenges due to associated risks and suboptimal efficacy. The emerging alternative of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks (USGNBs) has shown promise in prospective studies. However, the safety and efficacy of USGNBs when performed by emergency medicine practitioners remain largely unexplored, necessitating this study to address the research gap. The primary objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of Emergency physician-performed USGNBs and changes in patient-reported pain (pre- and postnerve block) at 15 and 30 min. In addition, the time taken to perform nerve blocks, type of nerve block, frequency, indications, procedure time, and complications were all studied.

METHODS:

Conducted at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Pune, India, this single-center, retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of USGNBs in the ED context. A retrospective analysis covered 274 emergency practitioner-performed USGNBs recorded from January 2022 to December 2023. Participants included consecutive ED patients consenting to nerve blocks, with practitioners utilizing bupivacaine (0.25%) and ropivacaine (0.25%) based on individual preferences. The study systematically recorded patient demographics, block types, indications, complications, and pre- and postpain scores on a Numerical Rating Scale.

RESULTS:

The study demonstrated a significant reduction in pain scores post-USGNB, with an average decrease of 2.9 ± 1.08 at 15 min and 5.8 ± 1.39 at 30 min. Commonly performed blocks included the femoral nerve, fascia iliaca, and serratus anterior, with notable pain relief in fracture management cases. Procedural durations varied, ranging from 2 to 12 min, while four complications were reported, including diaphragmatic paresis and arterial punctures during interscalene nerve block and fascia iliac compartment blocks, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

This extensive study in an academic ED setting supports the proficiency of emergency practitioners in performing USGNBs. The findings emphasize the transformative potential of USGNBs in academic ED pain management, showcasing notable pain reduction and minimal complications. These results advocate for the integration of advanced pain relief techniques into emergency medicine training programs, contributing to a comprehensive approach to acute pain management.
Asymptotic behavior of heat kernels and Green functions on affine buildings
Authors: Trojan Bartosz
Published: October 2024

We compute asymptotic formulas for the transition densities

p(n;x,y)

of finite range isotropic random walks on affine buildings. We also describe the asymptotic behavior of the corresponding Green functions.
Maternal Immunity and Immune Improvement of Koi Cyprinus rubrofuscus Larvae after DNA Vaccine against Hoi Herpesvirus
Authors: Nuryati Sri , Kusrini Eni , Agustina Shelly Sylvia , Hidayatullah Dendi , Hastuti Yuni Puji , Carman Odang , Nasrullah Hasan , Gustilatov Muhamad
Published: October 2024

Vaccination is an efficient step in preventing disease caused by koi herpesvirus in koi fish (Cyprinus rubrofuscus). This study aimed to investigates the impact of maternal broodstock vaccination with ORF81 DNA vaccine on the transmission of maternal immunity to offspring against KHV. The ORF81 DNA vaccine has been shown to increase RPS, but its effect on maternal immunity in koi offspring after vaccination has not been evaluated. The study examined koi broodstocks vaccinated with the ORF81 DNA vaccine 45 and 60 days before spawning (45V and 60V) at a dose of 12.5 μg/100 g. Immunological parameters were assessed in broodstock, eggs, and larvae. Immune gene expression was also analyzed using the qPCR method. The results showed that lysozyme activity and antibody levels in eggs from vaccinated mothers were higher, though not significantly different. Meanwhile, lysozyme activity and antibody levels in mothers were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to controls. Immunoglobulin-M gene (IgM) and recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1), were significantly induced. The relative survival percentage increased significantly in larvae produced from broodstocks with 60V. These findings indicate that broodstocks treated with the ORF81 DNA vaccine can enhance the immune response of their offspring.
Relationship between chronic diseases, hair cortisol concentration and welfare of housed dairy goats
Authors: Sierra Garcia Mayra , Domínguez Hernández Yesmin María , De la Peña Moctezuma Alejandro , Terrazas García Angélica María , Perera Marín José Gerardo , Rodríguez Cortez Ana Delia , Candanosa Irma
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between seroprevalence of chronic diseases, hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and welfare of dairy goats housed throughout a productive cycle. Sixty multiparous dairy goats, over four years old, were selected. An animal welfare assessment was conducted using health indicators for goats, according to the AWIN protocol. Blood samples were also collected for haematology and determination of seroprevalence of chronic diseases, hair samples for determination of HCC, milk samples for chemical composition and somatic cell counts, and faecal samples for parasite load. Small Ruminant Lentivirus (SRLv) had a prevalence of 71.66%, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) of 5%, Leptospira interrogans of 40% and Ovine Gammaherpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2) of 50%. The percentages of goats that tested positive for one, two or three diseases were 31.67%, 50% and 11.66%respectively. Haematological alterations included hyperproteinaemia (84.94 ± 1.58 g/L) and hyperfibrinogenaemia (6.11± 0.65 g/L) for those with one or two diseases, with significant differences being found (P < 0.05). The welfare indicatorsrelated to health and the number of diseases were poor body condition, poor coat, poor udder conformation, andmucosal lesions (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between HCC and the number of chronicdiseases in dairy goats (P > 0.05). Higher concentrations of cortisol in hair were found at 150 days of lactation (16.65 ± 1.39pg/mg) compared to the mating season (9.55 ± 0.04 pg/mg) (P < 0.05). No associations were found (P > 0.05) betweenthe production, composition, and somatic cell counts in milk and cortisol concentrations and diseases. It was concludedthat the presence of chronic diseases in goats did not influence hair cortisol concentrations, possibly due to an effect ofadaptive tolerance to diseases, as occurs in other domestic species; however, there was an effect of the productive stage.
Nonparametric Testing of Body Mass Index as a Predictor of Severe Noma: Assessing Potential Association
Authors: Gebretsadik Heron G.
Published: October 2024

Noma, a devastating facial disease, primarily affects impoverished populations in low- and middle-income countries, often leading to severe disfigurement or fatality if untreated. Studies suggest malnutrition is a significant risk factor for noma, yet the association between body mass index (BMI) in kilograms per square meter and tissue damage severity remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BMI and tissue damage severity among noma cases in Ethiopia. A retrospective analysis of medical records from Facing Africa’s database covering noma cases treated between 2007 and 2019 was conducted. A standardized data collection template recorded demographic and clinical data, including patient demographics, BMI, and tissue damage severity levels. JASP statistical software was used for analysis. Analysis of 228 noma cases revealed a mean BMI of 17.8 kg/m2, ranging from 11.5 to 28.3 kg/m2. Females exhibited a higher mean BMI (18.3 kg/m2) than males (16.9 kg/m2). Differences in BMI distributions between major (67) and minor (30) tissue damage categories were observed, with “minor” cases having a slightly higher mean BMI. The study found a statistically significant association between BMI and tissue damage severity (P = 0.03), indicating that tissue damage due to noma worsened as BMI decreased. Nonparametric tests confirmed this association’s significance. This study highlights low BMI as a predictor of severe noma. Public health interventions should focus on malnutrition to reduce noma severity and psychosocial and functional morbidity and improve outcomes. However, additional factors influencing the progression of noma and the severity of associated tissue damage require further investigation.
Profile of College Students' Academic Self-Control
Authors: Khoirunnisa Riza Noviana , Dewi Damajanti Kusuma , Darmawanti Ira , Satwika Yohana Wuri
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study analyzes university students' academic self-control profiles in Surabaya City, Indonesia. Methods: The survey included the research method with a sample of 517 students. The data collection technique used a student response questionnaire. After that, quantitative descriptions were employed to assess the data and show the study outcomes. Results: The findings of the analysis demonstrate that students' academic self-control falls into the high range. Thus, students with good academic self-control will be able to control behavior consciously to choose goals, suppress urges, resist temptations, delay satisfaction, and control and regulate their emotions in academic goals. Novelty: The novel mapping of self-control focused on academics among university students makes this study innovative. Since academic procrastination is closely related to academic self-control, this mapping supports lecturers in reducing academic procrastination. Students can fully achieve academic and non-academic aims possible.
Модель аналітичного дослідження взаємодії дискового робочого органу з ґрунтом
Authors: Грушецький Сергій , Боднарук Богдан
Published: October 2024

В даній роботі представлена модель аналітичного дослідження взаємодії дискового робочого органу з ґрунтом. Модель спрямована на вивчення фізичних та механічних процесів, що відбуваються під час роботи дискового органу в ґрунті. Основна мета дослідження полягає у точному прогнозуванні ефективності роботи дискових механізмів, аналізі їх впливу на структуру ґрунту та визначенні оптимальних умов для забезпечення високих агрономічних показників. У роботі розглядаються математичні моделі, що враховують різні фактори, такі як густина ґрунту, швидкість обробки та конструктивні особливості дискових органів. Результати дослідження дозволяють покращити проектування та налаштування сільськогосподарської техніки, а також сприяють підвищенню її продуктивності та зменшенню витрат ресурсів.
Якісні показники сортів ріпаку (Brassica napus oleifera Metzg L.) відповідно до сучасних вимог
Authors: Кирильчук Анжела , Безпрозвана Ірина , Іваницька Алла , Щербиніна Наталія , Присяжнюк Лариса
Published: October 2024

ріпак це важливе джерело отримання дешевої рослинної олії, яка застосовується практично у всіх галузях народного господарства: харчовій, металургійній, медичній, хімічній, автомобільній промисловості. Високу продуктивність культури можуть забезпечити тільки нові сучасні сорти та гібриди з покращеними показниками продуктивності та біохімічного складу насіння, пристосовані до екологічних умов зони вирощування. Перш ніж розпочати селекційну роботу, потрібно скласти модель сорту із зазначеними якісними показниками, сховану в підсвідомості досвідченого селекціонера. Зміна складу жирних кислот ріпакової олії є першочерговим завданням селекції ріпаку. Від відсоткового вмісту жирних кислот в олії ріпаку залежить якість та напрям використання її. Якість насіння характеризується сукупністю показників, що відповідають вимогам нормативно-технічної документації. Єдиного нормативного документу, який би визначав якість ріпакового насіння для виробничих потреб сучасного ринку не виявлено. З проаналізованої існуючої нормативної документації та наукової літератури, щодо параметрів фракційного складу жирних кислот і вмісту глюкозинолатів у різних типах ріпаку технічного та харчового напряму використання, визначено фракційний склад олії та вмісту глюкозинолатів для різних типів моделей ріпаку. Насіння сортів технічного напряму використання «++» та «+0», повинно містити глюкозинолати та ерукову кислоту на рівні > 4,0; 45,0–55,0 та 2,0–3,0; > 47,0 % відповідно. Насіння сортів харчового напряму «0+», в своєму складі повинно містити глюкозинолати не більше 2,0 %, ерукову кислоту 0–2,0 %, насичені кислоти 8 % (пальмітинова – 7,0 та стеаринова – 1 %), просту ненасичену олеїнову – 56,0–66,0 % та багаторазово ненасичені 27 % (лінолева – 25,0 та ліноленова – 2,0 %). У насінні сортів харчового напряму використання «00» вміст глюкозинолатів не повинен перевищувати 2,0 %, ерукової кислоти не дозволяється, пальмітинова та стеаринова кислоти повинні становити, відповідно, 10,0 та 1,0–2,0 %. Вміст олеїнової кислоти на рівні 65,0–69,0 %, лінолевої більше 25,0 %, а ліноленової менше 2 %. У насінні сортів харчового напряму використання «000», маса оболонки повинна бути не більше 13,0 %, вміст жиру в насінні більше 50,0 %, глюкозинолатів не повинен перевищувати 2,0 %, ерукової кислоти не дозволяється, пальмітинова та стеаринова кислоти повинні становити, відповідно, 10,0 та 1,0 %. Вміст олеїнової кислоти більше 70,0 %, лінолевої більше 25,0 %, а ліноленової менше 2 %. Це дослідження було проведено з метою визначення фракційного складу олії та вмісту глюкозинолатів для різних типів моделей ріпаку. Отримані результати з визначеними параметрами рекомендовано використовувати селекціонерам та виробничникам зі створення та вирощування нових сортів ріпаку різного типу та напряму використання.
Аналіз сучасної наукової думки з дослідження розвитку та протидії кіберзлочинності
Authors: Доля Еліна Костянтинівна
Published: October 2024

В роботі проведено аналіз сучасної наукової думки в області кібербезпеки. З’ясовано, що існують різні кіберзлочини й кіберзлочинці часто націлюються на конкретні об’єкти для кібератак з різних причин. Кіберзлочини не обмежені географічними кордонами і можуть відбуватися по всьому світу. Поширеність конкретних видів кіберзлочинності може відрізнятися від країни до країни, залежно від таких факторів, як економічні умови, рівень використання інтернету та загальний розвиток даного явища в регіоні. Фішинг, хакінг, DDoS-атаки, SQL-ін’єкції, експлойти нульового дня, міжсайтові сценарії, атаки на пристрої Інтернету речей (IoT), підробки міжсайтових запитів є поширеними кіберзлочинами у фінансовому секторі в різних країнах із різними методами в розвинених країнах і країнах, що розвиваються. Жертвою кіберзлочинності може стати будь-хто: індивідуальні користувачі Інтернету, підприємства та корпорації, освітні установи, державні установи та інші. Згодом існує багато різних методів навчання кібербезпеці, які застосовуються на практиці. Однак ці зусилля з навчання недостатньо ефективні, і однією з часто згадуваних причин є проблеми з адаптацією користувачів. По суті, користувачі не залучаються до наданого навчання в тій мірі, яка потрібна, щоб отримати від навчання належну користь. У той час як сприйняття та впровадження окремих методів навчання обговорюється в науковій літературі, узгоджені дослідження факторів, які впливають на адаптацію користувачами, є незначними.
Соціально – психологічний супровід осіб з особливими потребами в закладах професійно - технічної освіти
Authors: Войтович Ніна , Ляхова Тетяна , Коваленко Людмила
Published: October 2024

Інклюзивна освіта в професійних навчальних закладах є важливим аспектом сучасної освітньої системи, яка вимагає суттєвих змін у підходах до навчання та організації освітнього процесу. В умовах стрімкого розвитку інклюзивної освіти, заклади професійної освіти повинні адаптувати традиційні методи навчання, щоб забезпечити рівний доступ до освітніх послуг для всіх учнів, включаючи тих, які мають особливі освітні потреби. Основними завданнями інклюзивної освіти є забезпечення професійного розвитку учнів з урахуванням їхніх індивідуальних потреб, створення позитивного мікроклімату в навчальному середовищі та надання необхідної психолого-педагогічної підтримки. Важливим аспектом є також забезпечення соціальної інтеграції учнів та створення умов для їх активної участі у навчально-виробничих процесах. Успішна реалізація інклюзивної освіти залежить від індивідуального підходу, який включає врахування особливостей розвитку кожного учня, використання адаптованих методик навчання та забезпечення комфортного навчального середовища. У статті розглядаються основні принципи організації інклюзивного навчання в професійних навчальних закладах, що включають індивідуальний підхід до учнів, адаптацію навчальних програм і методів, а також важливість забезпечення психологічного супроводу для успішної соціалізації та навчання учнів з особливими потребами.
Автоматизація процесів фіскального адміністрування з використанням технології блокчейн та штучного інтелекту
Authors: Поляк-Свергун Мар’яна
Published: October 2024

Стаття присвячена аналізу сучасних способів автоматизації процесів у податковому адмініструванні. Автор розглядає можливості цифрової трансформації податкових систем з використанням технології блокчейн та штучного інтелекту (ШІ). У зв'язку зі стрімким технологічним розвитком та зростанням обсягів даних, використання штучного інтелекту стає все більш важливим для ефективного управління фінансами та застосування новітніх технологій в адмініструванні податків. Мета дослідження - з'ясувати, як використання новітніх інструментів автоматизації процесів може сприяти покращенню фінансового менеджменту компаній. Гіпотеза дослідження полягає в тому, що автоматизація процесів адміністрування податків може призвести до підвищення ефективності та точності прийняття рішень. У статті розглядаються основні можливості автоматизації процесів адміністрування податків та їх переваги. Дослідження показує, що новітні інструменти автоматизації процесів можуть допомогти виявити фінансові порушення та шахрайство, а також автоматизувати бухгалтерський облік та аналіз фінансових даних. Для досягнення цієї мети було використано огляд літератури та дослідження на основі інформації про впровадження автоматизації процесів у податковому адмініструванні. У статті особливу увагу приділено смарт-контрактам, які дозволяють автоматично виконувати умови та зобов'язання, що випливають з податкового законодавства, наприклад, автоматичний розрахунок і резервування ПДВ для кожної транзакції.
Rapid Response to Professional Development: How Online Teacher Professional Learning Networks Supported Teachers in Pandemic Times
Authors: Kamalodeen Vimala
Published: October 2024

During COVID-19, when teachers rapidly shifted to remote teaching and learning, it became evident that there was an educational crisis—teachers were unprepared for teaching using digital pedagogies. A group of teachers and teacher educators in Trinidad and Tobago, ITTPN Global, responded to the call for emergency professional development in ICT tools with a free workshop series via Zoom. The workshop series served to address teachers’ upskilling in key areas of ICT as digital pedagogy became the pandemic pedagogy. Pandemic pedagogy refers to teaching and learning during COVID-19. Teachers built confidence and competence in using ICT tools and designing online lessons. The professional learning model highlighted in this paper utilized authentic and active learning and teacher agency. This reflective essay examines the transformative possibilities of networks in a crisis with implications for professional teacher learning post pandemic.
Caribbean Society and Organisation: Change and Transformation
Authors: McDonald Corent , Branche Clement
Published: October 2024

Established and strongly embedded forms of inclusion and exclusion, tension and dynamic between the formal and the informal exists within Caribbean organisations. A study of organisational change was undertaken in two Jamaican organisations of 22 participants each, and questions raised about this transformational problematic of organisation/development and change. The study, set against the backdrop of structural-psycho-socio-cultural dynamics, investigated the way that employees cognitively appraised organisational change. A comparative multi-dimensional systems approach was employed and also an examination and discussion of different levels of organisational embeddedness, with intersecting levels involving interstitial margins. The findings confirmed the importance of focused leadership, communication and high levels of disruption, uncertainty and expectancy associated with prolonged change efforts and the role of status and power. The study is the first of its kind, however, further research is needed to better understand the interactions of structural and psycho-socio-cultural demands on organisational change in diverse organisational settings.
The Social Cults of Cinematic Gendered Violence: A Challenge and Transformation
Authors: Mohammed Shareed
Published: October 2024

The modern female rape–revenge cinema polarizes gender relations as it endorses a misandrist logic and brutal forms of reprisal. Wilson Harris, the British/Guyanese fiction writer and theorist, argues that these hypnotic forms of female-revenge media are social cults of violence that generate a conflict of gender. Using the film, I Spit on your Grave and Rihanna’s music video Man Down, this research demonstrates that the female-revenge mediascape is prime corollary to the promotion of misandry and violent vigilante justice. The film theories of Claire Henry, Hilary Neroni, and Jean Baudrillard will undergird the arguments of this research. The research methodology for this study employs a narrative analysis intersected with the lens of Wilson Harris’s shamanistic ontology of gender. The findings of this paper reveal that a shamanic vision of gender could therapeutically convert the psychical imprisonment of cinematic rape-revenge violence.
An Introduction to Operation Save Jamaica
Authors: Fletcher Bruce A.
Published: October 2024

Operation Save Jamaica (OSJ) is on a mission to bring about transformation to communities and holds the perspective that, in order for Jamaica to realize its 2030 vision; to be the place of choice to live, work, raise a family, do business, and retire, our under-resourced communities, especially those that are called “garrison” communities, must be transformed.
Listening to Teachers’ Feedback on How INSIGHTS Into Children’s Temperament Transforms Classroom Management Approaches
Authors: Cole Sharline , Cook Loraine D.
Published: October 2024

INSIGHTS is an evidence-based, comprehensive intervention that enhances the social-emotional development and academic learning of young children (aged 3–8 years) and their parents’ and teachers’ behaviour management skills. Children also learn problem-solving strategies to resolve dilemmas with parents, teachers, and peers. Qualitative interviews were conducted to explore teachers’ views on how INSIGHTS into Children’s Temperament transformed their classroom management approaches. The programme is underpinned by theoretical frameworks for temperament-based intervention: Goodness of Fit Model (2), which purports that the environment should be adjusted to align with the temperament of a child; and social learning theory. Both frameworks offer theoretical explanations on how the environment interacts with children’s temperament.
A Toolkit Intervention for School–Aged Jamaican Students: Strategy for Collaborative Involvement During the Pandemic
Authors: Devonish Debbie , Bennett Sadpha
Published: October 2024

The Ministry of Education and Youth, Jamaica, designed Home Learning Kits (HLKs) for students in Grades 1–6 to address learner disengagement due to the change in classroom settings because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This intervention required a collaborative approach by diverse educational stakeholders for the production, distribution, collection, implementation, and bi–directional return of the kits. This novel approach to learner engagement prompted a need to understand the implementation of the HLKs and their use by students. Using a convergent explanatory mixed method approach, the sample included 167 of 400 schools and approximately 36,000 students islandwide. The quantitative data was analysed descriptively and thematically for the qualitative data. Overall, the results revealed the need for better collaborative efforts to execute the HLK intervention. The findings are significant to assist the Ministry of Education to implement policies and further initiatives for transformed educational outcomes.
Women and Minorities in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): Evidence From Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Doon Roshnie
Published: October 2024

Using a quantitative research approach, this study aims at investigating the wage returns and the gender wage gap of Trinidad and Tobago’s minority groups in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. To do this, data from the Continuous Sample Survey of Population (CSSP), for the period 1991–2015, is used to estimate a Mincerian earnings function via the quantile regression method, after which the standard Oaxaca–Blinder Decomposition method is employed to decompose the wage differentials. This analysis revealed that regardless of ethnic class (i.e. minority group [persons who are of mixed, white, Syrian/Lebanese, Chinese, and other heritage] or majority group [persons of an Indian and African heritage]), there are more men trained in STEM than women. While the average earnings of female minority workers in STEM are higher than that of male minority workers, the earnings of male majority workers are higher than that of female majority workers. The gender wage gap between minority workers in STEM appears to be much more prominent (9.8%) than that of majority workers (8.5%). This implies that the issue of gender inequality in STEM is more pronounced amongst minority workers in Trinidad and Tobago.
Enhancing Academic Achievement for Students Living in Poverty Through Transformative Leadership, Instructional Practices and Professional Learning Communities
Authors: Duffus Glenford
Published: October 2024

This study utilized the mixed methods research to explore the correlation between academic achievement and poverty. The collection and analysis of quantitative data on reading, writing and mathematics; demographics (born outside of Canada, primary home language, special needs learners) and school community characteristics (e.g. family income) facilitated the identification of high performing schools (performing above 60% at levels 3 and or 4 in EQAO [Education, Quality and Assessment Office] reading, writing and mathematics at either Grade 3 or 6) serving economically disadvantaged students. The stratified sampling technique allowed for the selection of a subgroup representative of the sample under study. The purposive strategy enabled the selection of the most outstanding successes related to academic achievement and poverty. The qualitative data was used to explore transformative leadership, instructional practices and professional learning communities (PLCs) as possibilities for changing the trajectory of underachievement to achievement. From the data collected, analyzed, and presented, the researcher made the following conclusion: Schools in the sample experienced a higher level of academic achievement even though their placement on the Learning Opportunity Index (LOI) ranking was considered high. The findings have implications for policy development, leadership training, teacher education, and professional development.
Optimization in Acoustic Echo Cancellation using Adaptive Filters and Applied Machine Learning
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar Punjab, Kar Asutosh
Published: October 2024

To achieve efficient stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (SAEC), it is imperative to employ an adaptive filter structure that incorporates a significant number of weights or taps. The determination of the number of weights or taps is dependent upon the specific attributes of the room impulse response and the acoustic pathway undergoing the cancellation process. However, for an adaptive filter with finite impulse response, using a large tap size results in a significant delay in convergence and intensifies the complexity of the tapped delay line arrangement. In order to tackle this problem, it is imperative to devise an optimal methodology for determining the tap length, which will lead to enhanced convergence for the adaptive filters employed in SAEC. This paper introduces a new approach for optimising the tap length of long-length adaptive filters used for SAEC to find a balance between convergence and steady state performance. The optimal tap length and step size of the adaptive filter are determined by considering an impulse response with an exponentially decreasing envelope, mimicking a variety of acoustic echo paths. The tap length optimisation is implemented on a singular extensive adaptive filter with numerous coefficients to minimise the overall weight count, hence decreasing the computational load. To enhance the pace at which the system reaches convergence, we implemented a tap-length optimisation technique on an already existing echo canceller that is based on several sub-filters to provide a convergence analysis for the proposed algorithm.
Horizontal Scaling with Session Preservation of PHP Applications with MVC Architecture
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia, Lončarević Veljko , Jovanović Željko ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Čačak, Serbia, Luković Vanja ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Čačak, Serbia, Milošević Marina ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Čačak, Serbia, Šućurović Savo ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia, Iričanin Aleksa ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Information Technologies, Čačak, Serbia
Published: October 2024

This paper explores horizontal scaling of PHP MVC applications with session preservation for enhanced availability and resource efficiency. It covers theoretical aspects of MVC architecture, PHP in web development, session handling, and horizontal scaling methods, including load balancers, Docker, and Kubernetes. The practical methodology details environment setup, application development, session management, Dockerization, Kubernetes integration, and horizontal scaling configuration. Performance testing reveals significant improvements, showing a response time decrease from an unresponsive state at 1000 RPS (5111 ms) to 32 ms at 2500 RPS with horizontal scaling. The study contributes insights and practical guidance for highly available and scalable web applications.
Association Rules Mining for Educational Recommender Systems
Authors:   School of Railroad Transport of Applied Studies, Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Bursać Marko , Jevtić Sanja ,   School of Railroad Transport of Applied Studies, Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Pavlović Zoran ,   School of Railroad Transport of Applied Studies, Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: October 2024

Evaluation of e-learning systems has led to many systems based on recommending courses, teaching materials, etc. In addition to the traditional collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, and hybrid recommendation methods, this paper presents a methodology based on data mining technologies. The paper introduces a methodology for mining associative rules using the access logs of students in a Moodle course. After accessing student Moodle logs, it is necessary to clean and select the data relevant to the research, specifically the learning objects. Additionally, a query must be created to obtain transactions and discover the context of the events, which includes a list of learning objects. Based on the transaction table, we can then use an a priori algorithm to generate rules. The rules obtained using the presented methodology enable the simple creation of a system for recommending teaching materials aimed at improving the success of students.
Natural Language Processing in Meaning Representation for Sentiment Analysis in Serbian Language
Authors:   School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies, Belgrade, Serbia, Živanović Marko M. , Ristić Olga ,   University of Kragujevac/Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia, Milunović Koprivica Sandra ,   University of Kragujevac/Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia
Published: October 2024

This paper explores machine learning algorithms that contribute to meaning representation and context modeling in sentiment analysis. Language preprocessing techniques are described in detail. The study also discusses string distance calculations and the application of Naive Bayes for classification, emphasizing important model metrics such as accuracy. The final section of the paper presents a practical example encompassing the process of data collection, analysis, preprocessing, classification using machine learning algorithms, and model evaluation. Testing demonstrated the system’s ability to classify sentiments in Serbian Language.
Educational Technology – Benefits and Drawbacks in Enhancing Knowledge Acquisition Efficiency
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, Serbia, Nikolić Marija , Paunović Lidija ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, Serbia, Gojgić Nataša ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, Serbia
Published: October 2024

The paper provides an overview of the use of educational technology in the process of knowledge acquisition. The importance of educational technology as an indispensable factor in supporting education was highlighted. The study indicates the importance and necessity to study and apply modern educational technology in education. The development of innovative technology, starting with personal computers, through networking – the Internet, has led to creation of new opportunities for innovation and change in the educational process. Today, young people in the education system demand even more innovative ways of acquiring knowledge. Growing up with the daily development of technology enables them to become more independent and ready for self-education and lifelong learning.
Using Artificial Intelligence Concepts to Design Non-Playable Characters in Road Traffic Safety Games
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, Serbia, Aleksić Veljko
Published: October 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence concepts into digital games design has revolutionized the gaming industry. Among other elements, artificial intelligence significantly influenced modern gameplay mechanics, elevated player experiences, and streamlined game development processes. Road traffic safety driving simulation games are an emerging educational tool aimed at improving road safety awareness and skills among drivers. A critical component of these games is the AI-driven Non-Playable Characters (e.g., NPCs) that expand dynamic and immersive gameplay experience by exhibiting various realistic road users’ behavior patterns, traffic conditions and player actions adaptation. The adaptive AI algorithms ensure balanced difficulty, catering to gamers’ diverse driving skill levels, while procedural content generation opened endless possibilities in designing game levels, environments, and tasks, enhancing game replayability and longevity. AI-powered virtual assistants can provide players with seamless in-game guidance, enhancing their engagement without disrupting the gameplay flow. Additionally, adaptable intelligent road traffic conditions can challenge players to strategize and adapt, contributing to more compelling and immersive gaming experiences. Contemporary software tools and engines streamlined game development processes and accelerated asset creation, bug detection, and playtesting. Automated game design processes, such as AI-driven level and procedural generation, expedited prototyping and iteration phases, while AI-driven analytics tools offered valuable insights into player behavior and preferences, enabling developers to optimize game mechanics and its content for maximum impact. The impact of artificial influence concepts on digital game design is poised to grow even further, promising exciting innovations and possibilities for future game designers and enthusiasts alike.
Radioactive tracers in industry: Thin layer activation of carbon-based materials for wear measurement
Authors:   AC2T research GmbH, Wiener Neustadt, Austria, Hofer Alexander , Ditrói Ferenc ,   HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary, Zellhofer Manuel ,   AC2T research GmbH, Wiener Neustadt, Austria, Takács Sándor ,   HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary, Wopelka Thomas ,   AC2T research GmbH, Wiener Neustadt, Austria, Kübler Andreas ,   obert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany, Jech Martin ,   AC2T research GmbH, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
Published: October 2024

Thin layer activation (TLA) is already routinely utilised for online wear monitoring of metallic components with the radioisotope concentration (RIC) method for various tribological applications. However, many components in tribological systems are made of carbon-based bulk material (e.g. polymers) or have carbon-based wear resistant coatings (e.g. diamond-like carbon). By utilising the nuclear reaction 12C(3He,x)7Be, TLA can thus be employed in carbon-containing components. To evaluate the applicability of this approach for TLA in combination with the RIC method, three materials EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), PEEK (polyether ether ketone) and DLC (diamond-like carbon), which are vastly utilised in tribology, were activated. Subsequently, the modulus of elasticity and hardness of the activated specimens were measured and evaluated if the material works for TLA. As EPDM developed cracks after the irradiation process, it is regarded to be not applicable for TLA and subsequent wear measurements. While the PEEK material revealed small changes in hardness values compared to non-irradiated samples, the irradiated DLC coating showed no detectable material changes. Both irradiated materials have been applied to representative tribological wear studies, for which the RIC results showed a good correlation with optical wear measurements.
Effect of potassium titanate fibres and metal sulphides in the tribological behaviour of brake friction composites
Authors:   B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India, Katharbasha Sathickbasha , Ponnarengan Hariharasakthisudhan ,   Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, India, Arulvizhi Varun Kumar ,   B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India, Mutyala Venkata Ramarao ,   Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, India, Chandramohan Sivakumar ,   B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
Published: October 2024

In a brake system, brake friction composites are essential for converting kinetic energy into frictional heat. An optimal brake friction composite should ensure a stable coefficient of friction under extreme operational conditions. This study examines the tribological performance of brake friction composites incorporating potassium titanate fibres and metal sulphide lubricants in standard brake pad formulation. Brake friction composites were engineered by varying the potassium titanate fibre content from 10 to 30 %, while the lubricant mixture (comprising graphite, MoS2, Bi2S3 and Sb2O3) was proportionally adjusted from 27 to 7 %, with the filler and binder concentrations held constant throughout the formulation. The phenolic resin-based composites were characterised for their physical, chemical and mechanical properties in accordance with the IS 2742 (Part 4) standard. The tribological performance of the fabricated composites was evaluated using a rotating drum setup, following the SAE J661 procedure. The worn surfaces of the samples were analysed to identify wear mechanisms utilising scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results demonstrated that the optimal combination of potassium titanate fibres and metal sulphide lubricants significantly influences wear resistance and friction stability, with varying degrees of primary and secondary plateau formation observed. This comprehensive characterisation provides valuable insights into the material's behaviour under operational conditions, guiding the development of advanced brake friction composites.
Friction and wear behaviour of AlCrN and TiN coated H13 tool steel
Authors:   C.S.I Institute of Technology, Thovalai, India, Ben Samuel Johny , Alphonse Mathew ,   Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
Published: October 2024

The wear characteristics of coated H13 tool steel and as-casted H13 tool steel in dry sliding conditions were investigated through a pin-on-disc tribometer, where the H13 steel is used as a pin and EN31 steel is used as disc material. The study was focused on evaluating the tribological behaviour by examining the friction characteristics, surface morphology and wear performance. Initially, to improve the hardness of the untreated (as-casted) H13 steel, the tempering process where carried out on the samples, which helped elevate the hardness from 38 to 55 HRC. The worn surface of the samples was analysed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Among the four samples (as-casted, heat-treated, AlCrN coated and TiN coated) the as-casted samples were affected by oxidation and adhesive wear. The material loss measured for as-casted, heat-treated, AlCrN and TiN samples was 30.34, 7.85, 0.78 and 0.14 mg, respectively. The measured coefficient of friction was 0.541 for as-casted, 0.492 for the heat-treated, 0.48 for the AlCrN and 0.147 for the TiN sample. From the study, the major conclusion was that the TiN coating offers major wear protection and lower friction.
Point-of-care ultrasound of the inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Aliyeva Natavan Zafar , Kazimov Ilham Lazim
Published: October 2024

Background. The widespread use of portable ultrasound scanners has advanced the concept of ultrasound diagnosis (POCUS), namely «ultrasound examination (US) is performed at the bedside and is interpreted directly by a physician». Pocus is not a substitute for complex ultrasound, but rather allows the ultrasound doctor to quickly access clinical images for rapid diagnosis and effective examination and treatment of patients.
Purpose – the work to identify ultrasound signs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using POCUS.
Materials and Methods. 70 patients aged 18 to 39 years (24 men and 46 women, mean age – 30.3 ± 13.7 years). The first group of patients included 32 people with a morphologically confirmed CD diagnosis, the second group included 38 people with a morphologically confirmed UC diagnosis. The control group consisted of 2 8 patients with no clinical and laboratory data on gastrointestinal lesions.
Results. It was shown that the ultrasound can assess the thickness of the intestinal wall with sensitivity – 90.3% and specificity – 87.1% and ROC – 0.882, differentiation of the wall layers, surrounding structures (omentum, mesentery, lymph nodes), as well as the localization of the affected intestinal segment. Color Doppler Mapping (CDM) method with a sensitivity of 86.5% and specificity of 81.5% and ROC of 0.852 allows not only to assume the presence of active inflammation in the wall of the affected intestinal segment, but also to monitor the dynamics of the process during treatment.
Conclusion. In this work, the capabilities of POCUS for the diagnosis of IBD were evaluated. Correct and accurate interpretation of POCUS findings is not only an important diagnostic step, but also a complement to other radiation and endoscopic imaging techniques. The main advantage of POCUS over CT and MRI is its fast availability, low cost, and high level of safety. An experienced ultrasound doctor is needed to examine the gastrointestinal tract, so training with ultrasound doctors and mastering practical skills is key to ensuring the effective use of POCUS.
Urgências em violência sexual contra a mulher no Brasil: procedimentos assistenciais e ético-legais para profissionais de saúde
Authors: Drezett Jefferson , Freire Francisca de Fátima dos Santos , Franco Júlia Maria Guitierre
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A violência sexual é reconhecida como grave problema de saúde pública e como violação de direitos humanos. O Brasil apresenta incidência e prevalência elevadas de violência sexual contra mulheres, crianças e adolescentes. Existe ampla evidência sobre as consequências da violência sexual para a saúde da mulher, incluindo o risco de desfecho letal, lesões físicas, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, gestação forçada e indesejada, e problemas para a saúde mental. Método: Revisão da literatura com documentos relacionados com as políticas públicas, normativas técnicas, legislação e jurisprudência sobre violência sexual vigentes até dezembro de 2023. Resultados e Discussão: Os agravos da violência sexual podem ser prevenidos, tratados ou minimizados, principalmente quando há atenção qualificada e oportuna nos serviços de saúde. Ao mesmo tempo, os crimes sexuais estão tipificados na legislação penal brasileira, exigindo dos profissionais de saúde conhecimento dos aspectos éticos e legais envolvidos na assistência. Conclusão: Nas últimas décadas o Brasil avançou na construção de políticas públicas, leis e normativas para atender pessoas em situação de violência sexual. Os serviços e profissionais de saúde se encontram em posição importante para o acesso das mulheres aos cuidados e rede de apoio e proteção.
Perfil da Hanseníase entre idosos no Brasil: uma análise epidemiológica
Authors: Rezende Nathállia Danielli Quaresma , Paula Carolina Rodrigues de , Afonso Anna Júlia Romano , Coelho Ana Carollina Moreira , Queiroz Ana Clara Paulino , Domiciano Anna Ester Moreira , Guerra Heloísa Silva , Vieira Mariana de Sousa Nunes
Published: October 2024

A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa, causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, de alto poder incapacitante e considerado um problema de saúde pública. Na população idosa é particularmente preocupante devido a maiores complicações e gravidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características da hanseníase entre a população idosa no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com utilização de banco de dados secundários disponibilizado pelo Ministério da Saúde via Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. A análise incluiu os anos de 2019 a 2023, a partir de dados sociodemográficos e características clínicas da doença. Foram notificados 31.920 casos de hanseníase em idosos no Brasil no período analisado, sendo 62,0% no sexo masculino, 60,0% na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos e 47,8% com baixo nível de escolaridade. Cerca de 85,8% dos registros corresponderam a forma multibacilar, mais de cinco lesões (41,9%), grau zero de incapacidade (40,0%) e exame de baciloscopia ignorado (72,5%). A hanseníase é uma enfermidade prevalente na população idosa, sendo necessário maiores investimentos em ações de conscientização e detecção precoce, a fim de prevenir prejuízos no processo de envelhecimento ativo.