bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Małżeństwa polsko-cudzoziemskie o charakterze fikcyjnym a bezpieczeństwo państwa. Przyczynek do problemu
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Radziszewski Przemysław
Published: June 2023

Fictional marriage, or marriage of convenienience, as it is defined in the legal documents of European Union, is a relatively new problem to the Polish legal system. There’s no legal definition of the issue neither in civil, nor penal law. Nevertheless with the increase of immigration in the recent year, a large number of intermarriages is being recorded. Approximately one out of five marriages is fictional, which means that the authorization of residency for a foreigner was its only purpose. What is more, these marriages are being associated with a organized crime. To combat these state security threats, both public administration and law enforcement agencies were given a special entitlements. Nevertheless the number of scientific research of jurisprudence is inadequate to the importance of the issue. Polish prosecutors’ office tend to underestimate the problem. Rulings of judiciary are inconsistent. Therefore, a changes in the Polish legal system are required.
Oblicza patriotyzmu wielokulturowego społeczeństwa niemieckiego w aspekcie zmagań piłkarskich
Authors:   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Janicka Izabela
Published: June 2023

The article presents the question of perception German national identity, being formed in the first decade of the new millennium. In addition to the ongoing debates about patriotism in the German public space, the competitions of German national football team during the football World Cup in 2006, which took place in the Federal Republic of Germany exercised essential influence on the issue of collective identity of German society. The euphoria of those victories was repeated during the World Cup fever in 2010 in the Republic of South Africa as well as the European Championships of 2012 in Poland and Ukraine. Football matches drew the world´s attention to the German model of integration of a multicultural society. The president, the chancellor, and many politicians across the German political scene joined in the discussion on the need of strengthening patriotism. European integration, which was the substitute of the national pride, lost its primacy to the national community. German patriotism took the economic, social, and athletic faces and for the first time since the second world war, it was free from any negative connotations.
Marketing polityczny w ponowoczesnym świecie Refleksja nad stanem demokracji liberalnej na początku XXI wieku
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Scheffs Łukasz
Published: June 2023

Whether we are incapacitated? Whether active until recently citizens believed that democracy has become a fully democratic. I’m thinking that political marketing give them believed that democracy has become a fully democratic? If citizens believe in this, will be this the end of democracy. Do the citizens of the twenty-first century, ceased to be democrats, and politics has become noisy and color then fair marketing and propaganda. I try answer for this questions in this article.
Хоррор – менеджмент в интернете как средство социально- -политического управления российской молодежью
Authors:   Rosyjski Państwowy Uniwersytet Humanistyczny w Moskwie, Nesterchuk Olga
Published: June 2023

The Horror-management is considered as technology of the hidden sociopolitical management by youth in modern conditions. Analyzed the number, content, nature and the effects of negative information on the Internet on the younger generation. At the same management of horror in the Internet space in modern conditions is based on a particular system of ideas, values and ideals. Include legal protection characteristics of young Russians from harmful content.
Analiza strukturalna stron internetowych głównych polskich partii politycznych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Cieślik-Florczyk Małgorzata
Published: June 2023

Political parties are an important part of the political system, whose purpose is to gain and/or maintain power. Endeavoring to exert influence on voters, political groups increasingly engage in various activities in the field of political marketing. An example of this type of activity is a website. The aim of the study is the structural analysis of the websites of Polish political parties sitting in the Sejm after the 2011 elections (Civic Platform, Law and Justice, Polish People’s Party, the Democratic Left Alliance and Your Movement). Particular attention will be paid to identifying the reasons for creating websites, their characteristics and their functions.
EFFECTS OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON SMALL DIAMETER PLENUMS WITH MULTIPLE SIDE DISCHARGES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS TURBINE BLADE COOLING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Yip Muitong Joseph , Straub Douglas , Roy Arnab , Robey Edward , Breault Ronald W.
Published: June 2023

Combined heat and power (CHP) applications have significant environmental and economic benefits that are consistent with the goals of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). One area that is currently being studied includes the potential benefits of CHP turbine operation at higher turbine inlet temperatures. Internal cooling concepts enabled by additive manufacturing (AM) are of primary interest. The effectiveness of internal cooling is hindered by many factors such as velocity distribution of the cooling air to the hot surface considering impingement cooling. To simulate cooling air exiting from a series of orifices for internal cooling in an airfoil, a straight smooth wall tubing with multiple side discharging orifices is used and compared to additively manufactured tubing (Ti6Al4V Grade 23) with orifice size and spacing as well as inner and outer diameters identical to the smooth wall tubing. Similar to flow discharging form perforated pipes, the flow discharged from individual orifices along the tubes in this study is found to be nonuniformly distributed, and the horizontal (axial direction) momentum can be observed from the experimental data. Discharge velocities have been measured with two-dimensional (2D) particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) and single element hot wire anemometry. Numerical analysis has also been conducted to predict the velocity distributions along the orifices in the smooth wall and additive manufacturing (AM) tubing, which are inherited with surface roughness. Numerical and measured results in this study are compared, presented, and discussed.
A novel T-bar test method ensuring full-flow mechanism in stiffer clay
Authors: Han Yunrui , Yu Long , Wang Zhongtao , Yang Qing , Hu Yuxia
Published: June 2023

The T-bar penetrometer is currently used to characterise seabed sediments, mostly based on the full-flow mechanism around the probe in soft clays. However, open and trapped cavities may form above the T-bar during its penetration in stiffer clays, which can make the traditional interpretation method inaccurate and requires complex corrections. This paper proposes a novel T-bar test method by adding sufficient surface pressure on the soil surface to ensure the full-flow mechanism and no cavity. In this way, the current formulas based on the full-flow soil mechanism can be directly used to interpret soil strength. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, both laboratory tests on kaolin clay and Guangzhou offshore clay and large-deformation finite-element analyses with various surface pressures and soil strengths were conducted. The results show that, if the surface pressure is sufficient, no open cavity or trapped cavity was formed during a monotonic T-bar penetration and the first cycle of cyclic T-bar penetration tests. Without surface pressure, however, an open cavity or trapped cavity was always formed. The cavity formation contributed to a T-bar resistance 7·9–18·6% lower relative to that of a T-bar with sufficient surface pressure to maintain a full-flow mechanism. In the cyclic tests, with an additional number of T-bar loading cycles, the cavity effect diminished and the surface pressure showed minimal effect on the T-bar resistance. A critical surface pressure that ensures the full-flow mechanism was suggested for T-bar monotonic and cyclic tests in the box core sample.
Türkçede -Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ Biçim Biriminin Ayırıcı Özellikleri Üzerine
Authors: TOKTAR Soner , DENİZ YILMAZ Özlem
Published: June 2023

Bu yazının konusu, Türkçe dil bilgisi çalışmalarında genellikle “görülen geçmiş zamanın hikâyesi” biçiminde adlandırılan Türkiye Türkçesindeki -Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ biçim birimidir. Eş zamanlı metodun kullanıldığı çalışmanın amacı; -Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ şeklinin, Viktor Grigoryeviç Guzev tarafından geliştirilen “üç kerterizli zaman” sistemindeki yerini belirlemek ve kiplik, dil bilgisel zaman ve görünüşlük (kılınış ve görünüş) açısından ayırıcı özelliklerini tespit ederek anlamını biçimlendirmektir.
Literatürde -Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ şekli ile “uzak geçmiş” bildirildiği fikri öne çıkar. Ancak çağdaş Türkiye Türkçesi edebî eserlerinden alınan örneklerin de tanıkladığı üzere, şeklin, çok yakın bir geçmişten uzak geçmişe kadar çeşitli dil bilgisel zamanları ifade edebildiği görülür. Çok yakın geçmişi de iletebilme özelliğinden dolayı, bu çalışmada, şeklin, “geçmiş zaman kesiti kerterizi” ile ilgisini yitirdiği ve “şimdiki zaman kesiti kerterizli zaman ulamları” içerisinde yer aldığı fikri öne sürülmektedir.
-Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ biçim birimi, “sınır sonrası görünüş” anlam birimciği ile işaretli -mİş idi ~ -mİştİ’den herhangi bir görünüş anlam birimciğine değil kılınış anlam birimciğine sahip olmasıyla da ayrışır. Şekil, anlatımlarda kullanılan sözcük ve sözcük öbekleri ile bağlamın da yardımıyla “hatırlama/hatırlatma” anlatılanını dile getirebilir. Ancak bu, onun anlamının ayrılmaz bir bileşeni, yani anlam birimciği değildir. Türkçede -Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ, resmî yazışma, gazete, bilimsel eser vb. ölçünlü dil kullanımı gerektiren alanlarda verimsiz, günlük konuşma ve ağızlarda ise verimlidir.
-Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ şekli, eylemin, şimdiki zaman kesitinden önce yakın ya da uzak belirsiz bir geçmişte gerçekleştirildiğini bildiren zaman anlam birimciği ile eylemin, bir veya birkaç kez yapıldığı kılınış (anlam birimciği) ve bildirme kipliği anlam birimciğinden oluşan anlama sahip işlek ve verimsiz fiil bitimli şeklidir.
Beyne’l-Milel Men-i Tese’ül Cemiyeti İslam Şubesi ve Saadet Yurtlarının Faaliyetleri
Authors: MÜDERRİSOĞLU Ayşen
Published: June 2023

Asırlar boyunca süre gelen ve sosyal bir problem olan dilencilik, tüm toplumlarda olduğu gibi Osmanlı topraklarında da gözlemlenen bir olgudur. Osmanlı’da devlet yöneticileri daima yardıma muhtaç, kimsesiz, hasta ve çaresiz olan tebaaya bakmakla kendini yükümlü olarak görmüş, bununla birlikte koruma ve kollama görevini eksik etmemeye çalışmıştır. Dilencilik yapanların arasında özellikle ebeveyn koruyuculuğundan mahrum çocukların ve düşkün kadın ve yaşlıların olduğu görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla devlet, toplumun himayeye muhtaç bu kesimine daha iyi şartlar sağlamak ve dilenmelerini önlemek adına çeşitli tedbirler almıştır. Bu doğrultuda dilenciliğe karşı mücadelenin öncelikle bir takım yardım dernekleri tarafından yürütüldüğü gözlemlenmiştir. II. Meşrutiyet ile birlikte yardım faaliyetlerinde şahıslar çevresinde kurumsallaşma sürecinin başladığı bir dönem olmuştur. Osmanlı topraklarında hem Müslümanlar hem de gayrimüslimler kurdukları yardım cemiyetleriyle cins ve mezhep ayrımı gözetmeksizin yardıma muhtaç kişilere destek olmaya gayret etmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada ise Amerikalı Yahudi asıllı bir kadın olan Madam Rachelle Naar’ın kimsesiz ve sefalet içerisinde olan çocukları, kadınları ve yaşlıları korumak amacıyla Osmanlı topraklarında kurduğu Beyne’l-milel Men-i Tese’ül Cemiyeti İslam Şubesi ve yine bu cemiyete bağlı olarak açtığı Saadet Yurtları’nın faaliyetleri ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca Osmanlı Devleti’nde ilk defa yabancı bir kadın tarafından kurulan bu cemiyetin özellikleri, gayesi, kapsamı ve faaliyetleri üzerinde de durulacaktır.
Sufis From the Late Ottoman Istanbul and Photography: Alternative Readings on the ‘Popular’ Mevlevi Images
Authors: ÖNER Onur
Published: June 2023

Despite the growing literature on Ottoman photography, the depictions of the Mevlevis, in particular, are still considered a vestige of Orientalist thinking. Beyond those art historical approaches, a close reading of rather ‘popular’ dervish images reveals that the Mevlevis were actively engaged in representing themselves. From this perspective, this article argues that their intimate involvement in photography, as a modern medium, was profoundly related to certain characteristics of the Mevlevi order. This article also scrutinizes the possible contributions of the visual sources to the history of Ottoman music, particularly the musical aspects of the Mevlevi photographs, to which the scholarship has paid little attention. What is more, those images are instrumental in critically addressing the historiographical debates around the Mevlevi tradition and the waves of Mevlevi revivalism, both of which have emerged overwhelmingly from the 1950s in Turkey.
Okan Yeşilot – Bihter Gürışık Köksal (ed.), Türk Tarihinin Kadim Şehirleri, Selenge Yayınları, İstanbul 2022, 600 s. (ISBN: 978-625-7459-97-6).
Authors: GÜNEŞ Mehmet
Published: June 2023

Şehir ve medeniyet kavramları arasında kop(arıl)maz bir bağ vardır. Geçmişten bugüne medeniyetler şehirleri kurar, şehirler medeniyetlerin sembolleri olur. Kadim şehirlerin oluşumu uzun bir süreç almıştır. Dünya üzerinde geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılan Türkler, tarihin farklı dönemlerinde inşa ettikleri şehirlere kendi mühürlerini vurmuşlardır. Öyle ki bu şehirlerden bazıları Türklerin hâkimiyetinden çıksa da ruhlarına sinen Türk-İslam kimliği asla silin(eme)mektedir.

Okan Yeşilot ile Bihter Gürışık Köksal’ın editörlüğünde hazırlanan Türk Tarihinin Kadim Şehirleri adlı kitap , Müslüman Türk medeniyetinin mührünü taşıyan, mimarisinde ve silüetinde Türk-İslam medeniyetinin izleri belirgin biçimde hissedilen Medine’den Kazan’a, Buhara’dan Bosna’ya medeniyet şehirlerine ilişkin kısa monografilerden oluşmaktadır. Özbekistan Bilimler Akademisi’nden Azerbaycan Millî İlimler Akademisi’ne, Al-Farabi Kazak Milli Üniversitesi’nden Saraybosna Uluslararası Üniversitesi’ne çağdaş Türk dünyasının birçok şehrinden/üniversitesinden akademisyenin katkıda bulunduğu bu kitap; şehir tarihi, kültür ve medeniyet tarihi alanları başta olmak üzere birçok disiplin için başucu kaynağı olacaktır.
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and sintering of AlN‒Y2O3‒Al2O3 compositions
Authors: Zakorzhevskii V. V. , Kovalev I. D. , Monov S. S.
Published: June 2023

The results of studies on the synthesis of aluminum nitride and AlN‒Al2O3‒Y2O3 compositions with a low oxygen impurity content by the SHS method are presented. The dependence of the lattice parameter c of aluminum nitride on the oxygen impurity content is shown. The conditions for the synthesis of AlN‒Y2O3 compositions with a low oxygen content in the structure of aluminum nitride are determined. The dependence of the composition of oxide phases in compositions on the content of yttrium oxide in the reaction mixture is shown. The optimal content of yttrium oxide in the compositions has been determined. The results of sintering AlN‒Al2O3‒Y2O3 composite powders with different oxygen content in the aluminum nitride structure are shown.
Research and comparative analysis of refractory compositions based on modified aluminophosphate binders
Authors: Tikhonenko O. Yu. , D’yakonov V. A.
Published: June 2023

Compositions made on the basis of dispersed corundum and aluminophosphate binders modified with B3+, Cr3+, Mo6+ and Zr4+ ions are considered. The influence of the listed ions on the thermophysical properties of aluminophosphate compositions has been studied. The results of comparative tests of the obtained compositions in an arc plasmatron flow with an estimation of the melting temperature of the surface of the samples are presented. The results of moisture adsorption studies of the compositions at various relative humidity are shown. Ill. 9. Ref. 22. Tab. 2.
Reconfiguración capitalista. El ascenso de China y la posición de Sudamérica en la economía mundial
Authors: Lauxmann Carolina T. , Trevignani Manuel F.
Published: June 2023

El sistema capitalista, en su evolución histórica, ha creado diferentes arreglos institucionales y espacio-temporales para garantizar su sostenibilidad. El arreglo contemporáneo, que habilitó la reproducción del capital a través de encadenamientos productivos globales, generó cambios sin precedentes. Por primera vez, el centro dinámico de acumulación se ubicó en un espacio periférico: el este asiático, liderado por China desde inicios de siglo. El presente artículo, sobre la base de la revisión bibliográfica y estadística, analiza las características de ese arreglo y las especificidades de los países del este asiático que les permitieron dinamizar la acumulación y mejorar su posición en la economía global. También examina las implicancias del ascenso de esa región en la dinámica del sistema capitalista y en la posición de América del Sur dentro de él. Se concluye que los países sudamericanos no han podido salir de la periferia a partir de su integración a la producción globalizada; esta reforzó su especialización en actividades de bajo valor y escasa complejidad. El ascenso del este asiático pareciera agravar la situación. Sin embargo, en tanto genera disputas globales que reposicionan la acumulación en espacios nacionales y macrorregionales, abre posibilidades para que la región cualifique su posición internacional a través de su integración productiva.
Evolution des éducations environnementales au prisme des finalités sociales égalitaires
Authors: BARTHES Angela
Published: June 2023

Nous explicitons notre compréhension de la prise en charge des enjeux globaux d’actualité par l’éducation, dites « éducations à », (à la santé, à l’environnement etc..) dans une éventuelle déconstruction de la reproduction sociale des inégalités. Notre investigation portera sur les éducations environnementales et de développement et ses différents courants historiquement constitués entre 1960 et 2020. Dans les nouveaux récits (transitions écologiques, anthropocène, changements climatiques), les questions environnementales et de santé évoluent vers la complexité et l’idée de globalité. Nous nous proposons d’aborder l’histoire de ces éducations simples puis de plus en plus complexes et holistiques et de les examiner au travers ses incidences sur la question de l’égalité. Nous postulons que le technicisme dominant autour duquel s’instaure des rapports de pouvoir et une formation élitiste va dans le sens de la reproduction des inégalités. Nous l’opposons à la multidimensionnalité de la réalité sociale et donc dans celle de l’acte d’éduquer. La démocratisation des savoirs et les finalités d’égalité sociale, culturelle et territoriale en éducation propose des modes de socialisation politique.
Archipelagic Thought and Decoloniality. Thinking with Édouard Glissant
Authors: Maesschalck Marc
Published: June 2023

This article relates four concepts present in the thought of Édouard Glissant (poetics, optionality, exteriority, and unlearning) to show that they are also present in different authors of decolonial theory. These concepts lead us out of the framework of modern hypercriticism and allow us to enter into a philosophy of relation that opens up new possibilities for intercultural encounters. Through the constant recourse to the contrast between Glissant and the decolonial school, the text goes through its classic themes, such as the coloniality of power, knowledge and being, and decolonial pedagogy and feminism.
Protection of Rights of Internally Displaced Persons amid Military Aggression in Ukraine
Authors: Izarova Iryna , Prytyka Yurii , Uhrynovska Oksana , Shestopalov Nazar
Published: June 2023

This article is devoted to the study of the legal status of internally displaced persons in Ukraine in the context of the full-scale war launched by the russian federation on 24 February 2022. During the study, an analysis of the doctrinal definition of “internally displaced persons” and the rights guaranteed by it in accordance with the current legislation, developed by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, has been carried out. The article highlights the guiding principles of the international law that should be applied by the states when solving the problem of internal displacement, as well as specific examples of the measures taken by various European countries to solve this problem. Rights of internally displaced persons on right to employment and to receive special housing allowance were analysed as main guaranties. Right to free legal aid was considered as the key point guarantee for ensuring access to justice and protection of rights. Experience of states with similar experience of war (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia) were studied.
The conclusions focus on the problems of effective implementation of the right of internally displaced persons to free legal aid and summarize the need to improve the effective mechanism of protection of rights of internally displaced persons, which may also be of interest for the European states that sheltered more than 8 million Ukrainians during the war.
BİR EĞİTİM MATERYALİ OLARAK ÇOCUK EDEBİYATINDA ŞİDDET DİLİ FARKINDALIĞININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Kayıran Derya , Avcı Alperen
Published: June 2023

Çocuk edebiyatı, bireyin bebekliğinden başlayarak yetişkinliğine varan süreçte okuyabileceği ve dikkatini çekecek konuların yer aldığı edebiyat türüdür. Bir çocuk edebiyatı eserinin oluşturulmasında en temel nokta çocuğun dikkatinin nasıl çekileceğinin bilinmesi ile başlar ve çocuğa uygunluk ile devam eder. Çocuğa uygunluk kavramı, çocuğun gelişim alanlarını destekleyecek nitelik taşıması olarak adlandırılır. Okulöncesinde çocuk edebiyatının bir tür eğitim materyali olarak kullanıldığı göz önünde bulundurulursa çocuğa uygunluk çocuk edebiyatında çok önemli bir gerekliliktir. Özellikle son yıllarda çocuk edebiyatı içeriğinde yer alan kitaplar, süreli yayınlar ve çizgi filmlerin çoğunda çocuğa yönelik ilkesinin göz ardı edildiği ve şiddet içerikli unsurların ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Çocuklar için hazırlanan çizgi filmler, oyunlar vb. görsellerin büyük bir çoğunluğunda olaylar kaynağını şiddetten almakta; şiddet sorun çözmenin yöntemlerinden biri şeklinde sunulmaktadır. Çocuğa uygunluk ilkesinin göz ardı edildiği bu eserlerin çocuğun yaşamında yadırganamayacak izler bırakacağı bilinmektedir. Çocuğun şiddet içerikli çocuk edebiyatı eserleri ile karşılaşmaması başta bu konuya dikkat eden ebeveynler ve çocuk edebiyatında şiddet dili farkındalıkları yüksek çocuk gelişimi alanındaki uzmanların ve okul öncesi eğitimcilerin aracılığıyla olacaktır. Bu açıdan çalışmanın amacı önlisans çocuk gelişimi öğrencilerinin çocuk edebiyatında şiddet diline yönelik farkındalıklarını incelemektir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Turan ve Gerez Taşgın (2018) tarafından geliştirilen Çocuk Edebiyatında “Şiddet Dili” Farkındalık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yer alan bir üniversiteye bağlı MYO’nda öğrenimlerine devam eden çocuk gelişimi öğrencileri ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya 95 kız, 11 erkek öğrenci katılım sağlarken 1. sınıf düzeyinde 63 öğrenci 2. sınıf düzeyinde ise 43 öğrenci çalışmaya dahil olmuştur. Öğrencilerin çocuk edebiyatında şiddet diline yönelik farkındalık düzeyleri ile cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyine göre farkındalıklarında bir farklılaşma olup olmadığına yönelik tablolar bulgular kısmında verilmiştir.
Impacto de la ultrasonografía a la cabecera del paciente sobre la toma de decisiones en servicio de urgencias.
Authors: Kuratomi nakamura Kenyi , Paredes Fernández Antonio José
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Ultrasound at the patient's bedside or POCUS (point of care ultrasound), is a strategy that has allowed non-expert physicians to integrate this technology in emergency services, critical care, and even general hospitalization rooms.
Objective: Provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the available literature on POCUS in the emergency department, understanding its strengths and the gaps in the current knowledge base regarding its utility in clinical practice.
Methods: A synopsis and review of the literature were carried out according to the paper presented at the Congress of the Colombian Association of Internal Medicine (ACMI) - Valle Chapter, Universidad Libre: "A multidisciplinary approach with a Latin American vision" on the 13th and 14th. May 2022.
Results: The use of POCUS in the emergency department through different protocols such as RUSH (Rapid Ultrasound in Shock), BLUE (Bedside lung ultrasound in an emergency), and CAUSE (Cardiac stop ultrasound examination) has shown an improvement in diagnostic accuracy, time to detection, and change in behaviors compared with the usual history and physical examination.
Conclusion: The POCUS is a valuable tool that allows for accelerating decision-making, improving diagnostic accuracy, explaining, and improving patient outcomes in emergency services.
Conference Proceedings of the 2022 FEMC Annual Conference
Authors: Pontius Jennifer , Adams Alison , Schuett Elissa , Menzies Hanson
Published: June 2023

An executive summary of the conference plenary session and materials for all presentations and workshops.
Overweight and obesity screening indicator using neck circumference
Authors: Harjatmo Titus Priyo , Dumaria Corazon Hanna , Nareswara Anastu Regita
Published: June 2023

Background: Overweight and obesity can be assessed through anthropometric measurements using the body mass index (BMI). Some studies suggest that neck fat is positively correlated with visceral fat, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Neck circumference has been shown to be closely correlated with BMI and can be used as a practical screening tool for identifying overweight or obese individuals in both men and women. However, the correlation of neck circumference with measurements of body fat percentage in obesity has not been studied.
Methods: This study is an analytical study that conducted sensitivity and specificity analyses of neck circumference to describe indicators of overweight and obesity in children. Data collected included neck circumference, weight, height (converted into BMI), and other characteristics of the children. Neck circumference measurements were taken using neck circumference tape.
Results: The results showed that the body weight of school-age children had an average of 28.3 kg. Height had an average of 133.2 cm. Neck circumference measurements had an average of 30.3 cm. The correlation analysis using the Pearson product moment test showed a significant value of r=0.483 and p=0.00.
Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between neck circumference and BMI. The greater the neck circumference, the greater the BMI, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve indicates that neck circumference is a better diagnostic tool for identifying BMI. The results of the ROC curve showed a UAC value of 0.783, indicating that neck circumference can diagnose obesity with an accuracy of 78.3%.
Parent and school modelling factors associated with physical activity practices among adolescents of Devchuli municipality
Authors: Acharya Aashish
Published: June 2023

Background: Regular physical activity helps children and adolescents to remain healthy and fit, improve muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness, have psycho-social benefits. The Global School Based Student Health Survey of Nepal 2015 shows that only 15.1% of adolescents of age 13-17 years were physically active daily. Identification of these factors that affects level of physical activity among adolescents of Nepal and its better understanding will aid in promoting physically active lifestyle and designing effective interventions.
Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted to determine the factors associated with physical activity among adolescents of 15 to 19 years in Devchuli Municipality. Physical activity level of adolescents were measured along with parental and school/teacher modelling variables.
Results: The study shows that most of the participants (68.8%) had moderate level of physical activity while 28.8% of participants were doing high level of physical activity. Only 7% of females were doing high level of physical activities compared to 53% males doing the high level of physical activities. The result showed that male participants were more likely to do high level of physical activity (AOR=16, 95% CI=7.3-33.7) than female participants. Similarly, the participants from other than Hindu religion (which consists Buddhist and Christian) were more likely to do high level of physical activity (AOR=6.5, 95% CI=1.8-23.5) than the participants from Hindu religion.
Conclusions: The study showed that male participants and the participants from other than Hindu religion (which consists Buddhist and Christian) were more likely to do high level of physical than their counterparts.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards breast cancer and breast cancer screening among women in Homa Bay County, Kenya
Authors: Odhiambo Felix Blair , Oyore John Paul , Agina Bom
Published: June 2023

Background: Late diagnosis of breast cancer lowers survival rates in resource-poor nations like Kenya. Due to a lack of screening programs, breast cancer awareness, and modern cancer treatment treatments. Rural areas, where most poor people live, are worse. The study examined breast cancer knowledge, attitude, and practice among Homa Bay County women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study included 340 samples from two sub counties chosen for their rural nature. 170 women were randomly selected from from each sub county. Questionnaires collected data. Four significant informants were interviewed. Only descriptive statistics were used in data analysis.
Results: The results showed lower level of breast cancer screening of 9.7%. Average knowledge was 44.39%. The average score in attitude was 1.7 showing a positive attitude towards breast cancer. The mean age of the participants was 44.30±14.32 in Ndhiwa and 45.16±14.35 in Kasipul. The general knowledge for breast cancer screening was considerably poor. Majority scored below 60% was considered low. In in terms of attitude, women had a positive attitude towards breast cancer screening and thought these was contradicted by key informant who said most had negative attitude. In terms of practice toward breast cancer screening services, only a paltry 9.7 % had gone for screening.
Conclusions: Clinical breast examination was preferred over mammography. This study will educate Kenyan public health implementers on ways to improve screening for rural women. Education on early screening towards breast cancer can help in improving breast cancer screening uptake. Breast cancer awareness was considerably lower. Health policymakers can use this findings to improve on cancer management.
Determinants of tuberculosis in Central Region of Eritrea: a matched case-control study
Authors: Mebrahtu Filmon G. , Ghezae Meron M. , Below Eden H. , Berhe Daniel N. , Tesfamariam Eyasu H. , Berhane Tesfit N. , Sengal Kiflu T. , Woldu Henok G. , Teklemariam Habtemichael M.
Published: June 2023

Background: The WHO has recommended the need for holistic approach towards TB, including addressing the underlying socio-economic determinants in conjunction with direct observed treatment short-course (DOTS). However, there is lack of epidemiological data in Eritrea regarding factors that are associated with TB and this study aimed to assess such factors.
Methods: A matched case-control study was used to assess factors that are associated with TB in the Central Region of Eritrea. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data about socio-demographic characteristics, living status, housing conditions, and medical history of the study participants. All TB patients in the eight DOTS treatment centers and two age-and-sex-matched controls for each case were included. Bivariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to identify the main risk factors of TB.
Results: The study recruited 67 cases and 134 controls. Bivariate analyses indicated that BCG vaccination scar, past alcohol drinking habit, history of hospital admission, previous history of TB, and family history of TB were found to be factors associated with TB. Moreover, results of multivariable analysis showed that, absence of BCG vaccination scar, family history of TB, past drinking habit, and history of hospital admission were found to be factors associated with TB among the study participants.
Conclusions: This is the first study in the Central Region of Eritrea that assessed the determinant of tuberculosis. Absence of BCG vaccination scar, family history of TB, past alcohol consumption and history of hospital admission were found to be independent risk factors for TB.c
Coping strategies for health care financing among informal sector workers in Dar es Salam, Tanzania
Authors: Mwinuka Bertha , Nyaberi Jackline Mosinya , Echoka Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Background: In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) health financing systems has been dependent on out-of-pocket payments (OOP). This type of payment is thought to increase income to finance health care but it’s unaffordable to economically disadvantaged persons. Health insurance was introduced in order to reduce catastrophic health expenditure caused by OOP but its implementation to informal sector workers is a challenge. Therefore, this study examines the coping strategies for managing health care costs among informal sector workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between September and December 2020 to 889 informal sector workers. The study respondents were randomly selected and questionnaire was used to collect data. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze data through the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.
Results: The findings showed that the mean age of the respondents was 34.8 years (SD±10.4) and majority, (90.1%) of the respondents were uninsured. The methods to carter for medical expenditures were cash payments (p=0.297; 95%CI=0.195-0.452), selling assets (p=0.672, 95%CI=0.507-0.891) and borrowing money (p=0.578, 95%CI=0.412-0.811).
Conclusions: The health care financing methods that the informal sector workers use in order to access health services are effective in reducing short run problems of health care accessibility but it contributes to impoverishment. Designing an affordable insurance scheme with consideration of the social economic aspects of individuals will improve uptake to insurance schemes and hence achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Neonatal outcomes of elective caesarean section at term without prophylactic use of antenatal corticosteroids
Authors: Masheer Shazia , Aziz Ali Arzina , Jiwani Uswa , Gheewala Sakina , Jang Jehanzaeb , Shaheen Fariha , Rizvi Arjumand , Memon Pareesa , Ariff Shabina
Published: June 2023

Background: We aimed to describe the outcomes of neonates born at or near term to women undergoing elective C-section without prophylactic corticosteroids.
Methods: Single-centre retrospective observational study of neonates born between 36+0 and 42+0 weeks. Associations between neonatal complications and maternal and neonatal factors were evaluated by univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression.
Results: A total of 2151 (26%) neonates were born by elective C-section during the study period, of whom 429 were included in the study. Fifty-six (13.05%) neonates developed some complication with 39 (9.1%) requiring NICU admission. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and hypoglycemia occurred in 21 (4.9%) and 7 (1.6%) neonates, respectively. Maternal age >35 was associated with higher odds of neonatal complications (OR: 5.52, 95% CI: 1.02-29.74, p=0.047).
Conclusions: The rate of RDS was comparable to other reported studies. The study revealed a high rate of term elective C-sections, providing grounds for conducting further research on administering antenatal corticosteroid to this population to reduce new-born morbidities.
Physical and mental morbidity pattern among female cashew workers in Kollam district, Kerala
Authors: Rebello Mary Dello , Jose Betsy A. , Johns Felix
Published: June 2023

Background: The cashew processing is a labour-intensive work with a significant number of female workers. Majority belong to low socioeconomic status and so they join this sector to meet up their daily living. Long hours of work, greater work load and increased family burden lead to increase in morbidity status among workers. As comorbidities gets unnoticed and ignored, there is occurrence of early morbidity as well as mortality in these working groups and this is one of the major concerns.
Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among female cashew workers in Kollam district, Kerala. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire using stratified multistage cluster sampling method. Seven workers each were selected from shelling, peeling and grading processing units from eight private and two government factories. Data entered in micrososft excel, coded and analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Descriptive statistics for qualitative data were expressed as frequency and percentages and quantitative data  as mean and standard deviation
Results: Out of 210 participants, 95.4% workers were suffering from one or the other morbidities. Arthralgia was the major concern followed by allergy, hypertension and thyroid. Prehypertensive state was found to be present among all participants. Anxiety noticed in majority of participants.
Conclusions: Frequent medical check-ups, recreational activities and health education sessions needs to be implemented in all cashew factories to lessen the morbidity and to up bring the health status of workers.
Assessment of antenatal care services and nutritional status of pregnant women-a cross sectional study in tribal blocks of Nanded district
Authors: Gattani Prakash L. , Nakel Mahavir P. , Butte Rajabhau S. , Bansode Abhijit L. , Jogdanad D. G. , Pawade Govind
Published: June 2023

Background: Maternal and child healthcare is one of the eight basic components of primary healthcare (PHC) in the declaration of Alma-Ata. There is an excellent system of primary health care services for the delivery of maternal and child health services through a network of sub-centres and PHC centres in rural India. Aim and objectives of the study to assess antenatal care (ANC) care services and MCH schemes given to tribal women in Nanded district. Objectives- To study status of ANC care services among tribal ANC mothers. To assess various schemes associated with mother and child health in tribal area.
Methods: Study design was a cross-sectional study. Study conducted at tribal blocks in Nanded district. Sampling and sample size: Convenient purposive sampling was used. Study population was 100 ANC mothers of tribal blocks in Nanded district.
Results: Total number of families belonging to BPL category were 67% and families belonging to APL were 33%. Maximum of 60% were housewives, 39% of ANC mothers were working in the farm, while only 1 ANC mother was Govt. servant.
Conclusions: Addressing the physical and financial barriers of tribal women to access maternal health services, catering the services to their socio-cultural needs, building in trust between beneficiaries in the community and health care delivery system should be the priority.
Health status and demand for health care of the rural women: preliminary observations from the backward districts of Karnataka state, South India
Authors: Lakshmi S. Jyothi , Shivakumarswamy
Published: June 2023

Background: In the last few decades, rural people’s health care has garnered increased attention. Especially rural women are facing a variety of life-threatening diseases as a result of traditional health culture, gender-based health exclusion, and low socioeconomic status. This study attempted to disclose the health status and demand for health care of rural women in two backward districts of Karnataka state- south India.
Methods: The study has used a survey and interview methods of data collection from 426 rural women from two districts of Karnataka.
Results: This study found that women reaching menopause state face a slew of health issues; including anemia (44%), stress (63%) menstrual irregularities (39%), heart disease (47%), arthritis (50%), and diabetes (48%) from a low socio-economic profile. Women in the menopausal stage are the most impacted, followed by pre-menopause and reproductive groups. Per-capita income, level of education, and medical expenditure are decisive factors in the demand for quality health care.
Conclusions: Changing health culture has a close nexus with the socioeconomic status affecting rural health behaviour of women. Household income and occupation have a key role in determining women’s health. It is time to establish low-cost healthcare insurance for rural women and encourage the medical pluralism that exists in rural areas.
Prevalence of complications and health seeking behaviour of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a community based study
Authors: Sekhar Maddigalla Chandra , Sekhar Chittooru Chandra
Published: June 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a variety of micro-and macro-vascular complications. Health seeking behaviour is directly related to occurrence of diabetes complications by identifying them early and to plan diabetes care and management upon diagnosis. So, this study was planned to know the prevalence of complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and their level of treatment seeking behaviour.
Methods: A total of 75 type 2 DM patients from rural area were studied. Patients were selected by taking 8 villages as strata and minimum of 9 patients were selected from each village. Patients were interviewed face-to-face for knowing details related to diabetes, and its complications and about health seeking behaviour.
Results: Around 21.3% patients had complications related to diabetes mellitus, in which peripheral neuropathy was most common. As many as 45% patients seeking care from govt. facility and 60% patients seeking care from Pvt. facility had poor health seeking behaviour. Significantly higher number of patients seeking health care from Pvt. facility (77.8%) having poor health seeking behaviour had complications than patients seeking health care from govt. facility (33.3%). Odds of having complications was 7 times higher for patients seeking health care from Pvt. facility than for patients approaching govt. facility.
Conclusions: Good health seeking behaviour is needed to improve the quality of life of patients suffering with type 2 DM.
Assessment of the availability and reason for non-utilization of reproductive and child health services at urban primary health centers Lucknow
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Agarwal Monika , Mishra Prabhaker
Published: June 2023

Background: Urban Primary Health Centres (UPHC)are different from conventional rural PHCs in term of size, functions, focus on ambulatory care, limited staff and infrastructure. UPHC is also expected to deliver certain job-functions of Subcentre through its outreach services. In view of these considerations, it is, therefore, appropriate that a separate list of standards is developed.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 320 Recently delivered women (up to 24 months) and children less than 24 months of age residing in catchment areas of urban PHCs and 8 urban primary health centers of Lucknow district, using multistage sampling technique.
Results: The infrastructural availability at urban PHCs showed that clean drinking water for patients was available at only 75 % of U-PHCs. Unfortunately, only 50 % of the labs were functional. Additionally, essential tests for ANC were available at only 50 % of U-PHCs. Majority (48.7%) of RDW were not aware of U-PHCs nearby. Most (26.7%) common reason cited for non-utilization of U-PHCs was the availability of better hospital/ bigger hospitals nearby. According to 8.7 %, doctors/staff are not available all time at U-PHCs. About 12.8 % of RDW also reported that the delivery facility was not available. According to 18.0 % RDW, several other reasons were unavailability of drugs, inadequate cleanness, distance, staff behaviour, etc.
Conclusions: Only four (50%) labs were functional at UPHC. The main reason of non-utilization of urban primary health centers not aware about location of U-PHC nearby and bigger hospitals nearby, investigations not available, several other reasons were unavailability of drugs, inadequate cleanness, distance, staff behaviour,
Impact of a pediatric nursing emergency preparedness program for COVID on Nurses’ knowledge, skills and confidence
Authors: Venkatesan Latha , Joshi Poonam , Susaimuthu Cecilia M. , Murry Lumchio L. , Simak Kiran S. , Sucheta  , Dabas Suman
Published: June 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) mainly affects adults and the proportion of children with COVID 19 illness has remained low although it is showing an increasing trend with each wave of the pandemic. This article reports the impact of a pediatric nursing emergency preparedness program on COVID-19 (PNEPPCO) on the knowledge and confidence of nurses in a tertiary hospital.
Methods: A selected number of common pediatric nursing skills that could be likely to be useful for care of children with COVID 19 illness were earmarked for the content of the training program. The training methodology consisted of a self-learning phase for 5 days, skill demonstration and practice for one day, and a preceptorship phase in the pediatric clinical area for 2 days. A total of 300 nurses were trained.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.1±6.5 years. A majority (68.1%) of them was female and had a bachelor’s degree in nursing (68.1%). Most of them (85.1%) didn’t have prior experience of working in pediatric areas. There was a significant improvement in the level of knowledge (12.57±2.96 vs. 16.36±4.26, p=0.001) and confidence (p=0.001) in performing pediatric skills among the participants after the training program.
Conclusions: The use of a multifaceted training methodology led to improvement in knowledge and skills in managing sick children among nurses. Building the nurses’ capacity to face new challenges in the near future will boost their morale and ensure that the quality of patient care stays uncompromised even during crisis situations.
Coverage evaluation survey of COVID-19 vaccination among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in the rural field practice area of medical college near Bangalore
Authors: Masthi N. R. Ramesh , C. S. Niveditha
Published: June 2023

Background: COVID-19 vaccination in India was started from 16 January 2021. The vaccination for adolescents was started one year later. The only source of COVID-19 vaccination coverage is government data. There is a lack of external studies on COVID-19 vaccine coverage in this age group. In this regard, the present study was taken up with the objectives to assess the vaccination coverage of COVID-19 among adolescents aged 12-17 years and the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
Methods: A coverage evaluation survey was done for assessing COVID-19 vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from September to December 2022 in the rural field practice area of a medical college near Bangalore.
Results: Out of the 420 study subjects, 294 (70%) were fully vaccinated, 70 (16.6%) were partially vaccinated and 56 (13.4%) were unvaccinated. It was observed that the coverage of COVID-19 vaccine in the age group of 15 to 17 years was higher compared to 12 to 14 years.
Conclusions: The COVID 19 vaccine coverage with two doses among adolescents aged 12-14 was 61.9% and 78.1% among 210 adolescents aged 15 to 17 years in the rural locality. The most common reason for partial vaccination was that the school did not provide the second dose and the most common reason for not being vaccinated is that the subject was not eligible for vaccination during the school vaccination campaign.