bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN PENGALAMAN KERJA TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT PADA INSPEKTORAT KABUPATEN KONAWE
Authors: Widati Sri
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kompetensi dan pengalaman kerja terhadap kualitas audit pada inspektorat Kabupaten Konawe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis moderate regression analysis (MRA).Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai yang ikut dalam tugas pemeriksaan di inspektorat Kabupaten Konawe. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah auditor dan staf yang pernah mengikuti pelatihan audit pada inspektorat Kabupaten Konawe. Total responden sebanyak 30 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi dan pengalaman kerja berpengaruh positif dan sugnifikan terhadap kualitas audit. Nilai koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa secara bersama-sama kompetensi, dan pengalama kerja secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel dependen (kualitas audit ) sebesar 89,6% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 2,4% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam model penelitian ini.
NILAI TAMBAH PENYULINGAN NILAM DI DESA KUMAPO KECAMATAN ABUKI KABUPATEN KONAWE
Authors: Sukratman I Made
Published: March 2022

Masalah utama dalam kegiatan Usaha tani tanaman nilam di Desa Kumapo Kecamatan Abuki hingga proses penyulingan minyak atsiri tanaman nilam adalah harga minyak nilam yang sering berfluktuasi serta kurangnya perhatian pemerintah terhadap petani mulai dari masa tanam, infrastruktur pertanian hingga penjagaan harga produk pertanian. Selain itu, petani nilam kurang mendapatkan penyuluhan tentang teknis bertani khusus tanaman nilam yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas hasil sehingga memberikan pengaruh yang cukup signifikan terhadap volume produksi dari pengolahan tanaman nilam. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui deskripsi penyulingan daun nilam di Desa Kumapo Kecamatan Abuki Kabupaten Konawe. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah data yang diperoleh dari petani responden dengan menggunakan daftar pertanyaan (kuesioner) sedangkan data sekunder adalah data yang diperoleh dari instansi pemerintah daerah dan instansi terkait serta studi literatur yang berkaitan erat dengan penelitian ini. Adapun hasil peneltian ini memperbaiki mutu minyak daun nilam yang sangat penting dalam persaingan dimasa yang akan datang pengusaha perlu membekali diri dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan kesimpulan Usaha minyak daun nilam dan proses penyulingan daun nilam adalah salah satu jenis minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan dari tanaman nilam yang diperoleh melalui proses destilasi atau penyulingan daun nilam. Proses penyulingan minyak daun nilam menggunakan bahan baku utama untuk menghasilkan minyak daun nilam kering.
Using Artificial intelligence to evaluate skill performance of some karate skills
Authors: Gizar Mazin Hadi , Muhammed Asim Muhammed  , Al-Selmi Abeer Dakhil Hatem , Jawoosh Hayder Nazar
Published: March 2022

Human beings are starting to benefit from the technology revolution that witness in our time. Where most researchers are trying to apply modern sciences in different areas of life to catch up on the benefits of these technologies. The field of artificial intelligence is one of the sciences that simulate the human mind, and its applications have invaded human life. The sports field is one of the areas that artificial intelligence has been introduced. In this paper, artificial intelligence technology Fast-DTW (Fast-Dynamic Time Warping) algorithm was used to assess the skill performance of some karate skills. The results were shown that the percentage of improvement in the skill performance of Mai Geri is 100%.
Claiming the right to dignity: New organizations for housing justice in neoliberal Sweden
Authors: Listerborn Carina , Molina Irene , Richard Åse
Published: March 2022

The lack of affordable housing for people with low income, shrinking public resources, and new political conflicts threaten the availability of housing, at the same time as aggressive forms of urban renewal are causing displacement through ‘renoviction’, putting tenants in critical situations. In this article, we focus on the acts of resistance and new social organization trends that have emerged in relation to the praxis of renoviction used by landlords and other local authorities, and the frustration caused by this praxis. We claim that these new forms of organization are using the concept of renoviction in articulating current struggles for housing justice. Methodologically, we point out the necessity of urban research conducted in close collaboration with activism, as a way for mutual learning and support. Moreover, we suggest that these acts of resistance should be understood as happening within a broader context of economic and political changes affecting the housing market, and in relation to the increased racialization of poverty and territorial stigmatization in Swedish cities. To illustrate and then strive to understand the ongoing resistance and demands for housing justice, we focus on national activist networks emerging in response to the neoliberal housing crisis. We maintain that emerging resistance in Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Uppsala represents a growing claim for housing justice. This resistance is based on people’s everyday lives and is a cry for dignity in neighborhoods neglected by housing companies.
Building territories to protect life and not profit: The RHJ in conversation with Raquel Rolnik
Authors: Lancione Michele , Rolnik Raquel
Published: March 2022

In this conversation between the RHJ and Raquel Rolnik, she reflects on the makings of her latest book Urban Warfare (2019), discusses the importance of a commitment to a form of intellectual praxis that cannot be detached from direct engagement with housing struggles, and offers insights on the challenges and opportunities brought forward by the Covid-19 pandemic.
‘Stay Home Without a Home’: Report from a webinar on the right to housing
Authors: Accornero Guya , Harb Mona , Magalhães Alex F. , Santos Felipe G. , Semi Giovanni , Stein Samuel , Tulumello Simone
Published: March 2022

This Update reports from a webinar on the impacts on the right to housing and linked political struggles of the lockdown measures put in place globally amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Three main threads emerged through the conversation: the impacts of the pandemic are deepening pre-existing housing inequalities, while governments’ responses are largely insufficient; activists and contentious actors worldwide are changing their framings and repertoires to adapt to lockdown measures and attempt to radicalise their action; possibilities, albeit limited, are opening for the construction of global networks of struggle.
Every renter needs a tenants union
Authors: Inglis Aimee
Published: March 2022

This piece focuses on tenant organizing in California, taking the perspective of tenant organizers rooted in contexts of antiracism, abolitionism and anticolonialism. Aimee Inglis notes how tenant organizing is more important now than ever in the wake of Covid-19 as a third of US renters can no longer pay rent. Yet at the same time, today’s tenant organizing and work on protections for the unhoused and those most targeted by Covid-19 rests upon a long history of community building. Most recently, new city ordinances have been passed throughout California as tenant organizers build regional solidarity to fight big real estate.
Housing struggles in Romania and in Central Eastern Europe (CEE)
Authors: Lancione Michele , McElroy Erin , Zamfir George , Vincze Eniko , Popovici Veda , Florea Ioana
Published: March 2022

In this conversation two of our Editors (Erin and Michele) are encountering a number of comrades with whom we shared direct action and theorizing in Romania and beyond. They are Enikő Vincze and George Zamfir (from Cluj) and Ioana Florea and Veda Popovici (from Bucharest). In the paper we collectively reflect around the struggle for housing in Romania and in Central Eastern Europe (CEE), on the Western economic and State power on the East, on grassroot organizing and more.
Book review of ‘Doorways: Women, Homelessness, Trauma and Resistance' by Bekki Perriman
Authors: Tallis-Milligan Rowan
Published: March 2022

Doorways centers on the gendered aspects of homelessness through first hand anecdotes while also drawing on the broader aspects of the “housing crisis” and the failures of various homelessness support systems. The book also shares both harsh anecdotes of sexual abuse and harassment, as well as more hopeful accounts of solidarity among homeless women.
DNA BINDING, IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTICANCER DRUG MECHANISM OF COPPER(II) COMPLEX CONTAINING PYRIDYL-TRIAZINE LIGAND
Authors: Manivel Jeyaraman , Sangeetha Somasundaram , Murali Mariappan
Published: March 2022

Mononuclear copper(II) complex [Cu(dppt)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (1), where dppt is bidentate NpyNtz donor asymmetric ligand (pyridyl-triazine) has been isolated. The X-ray crystal structure of 1 possesses a CuN4O2 chromophore with elongated octahedral geometry. The electronic and EPR spectral properties demonstrate that the solvent molecules strongly interacted in the axial position thereby weakens the CuN4 coordination plane. Absorption and emission spectral and electrochemical measurements clearly show the partial intercalative binding of 1 to calf thymus (CT) DNA. Remarkably, it exhibits potent cytotoxicity (IC50, 3.73 M) against human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa), which is 4.5 times better than cisplatin and is non-toxic (IC50, >500 M) to normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts cells (NIH 3T3). It blocks cell cycle progression of HeLa cells in G1 phase. FACSverse analysis of 1 is suggestive of ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation and absolutely induces apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells.
MOLECULAR INTERACTION STUDIES OF PHENOL WITH ACETALDEHYDE USING ULTRASONIC AND FTIR TECHNIQUE
Authors: Asghar J. , Sridhar G. , Sivakumar C.
Published: March 2022

The densities ( ), viscosities ( ) and ultrasonic velocities (U) were measured for the binary mixtures of Phenol with Acetaldehyde at 303K.Excess volumes (VmE), isentropic compressibilities (ksE) and isentropic compressibilities (ksE) were determined from these experimental findings. To obtain their coefficients and standard deviations, the excess or deviation properties were based on Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. Depending on the molecular interactions between the components of hetero molecules, the excess or deviation properties were considered either negative, and the nature of liquid mixtures was studied in terms of molecular interactions by steric and electronic effects. The FTIR provides support to thermodynamic studies to classify different interactions between molecules that are unlike them.
PROTEIN PRECIPITATION BY TEA POLYPHENOLS, IN-SILICO ANALYSIS OF ITS BIOAVAILABILITY, AND BINDING TO SARS-COV-2
Authors: Goswami Santanu , Saikia Jyoti Prasad
Published: March 2022

This study is undertaken to see precipitation of protein non-specifically by tannin in tea, a plant secondary metabolite. Tannins that are present as a part of the defense system of the plant get oxidized to its quinone/semiquinone state and readily react with protein to form a precipitate. In this study, we have estimated the polyphenol content of Assam tea which was decreased by 9.33% due to the precipitation reaction with BSA. We have visualized the precipitation of protein by tannin/polyphenol. In our studies, we have tried to remove highly reactive or protein precipitating polyphenols from ready-to-drink black tea with the help of charcoal beads. Bioavailability, including absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion of different types of tea polyphenols in the human body have been assessed using bioinformatics methods. Polyphenols are high molecular weight compounds and are less absorbable through the GI tract. We have also analyzed the binding affinity of 24 tea molecules to spike glycoprotein of SARS -CoV-2.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN THE GILLS OF FRESH WATER FISH, LABEO ROHITA (HAMILTON-BUCHANAN) EXPOSED TO HEAVY METAL MIXTURE (Cd, Cr 8#x38; Pb)
Authors: Gopinathan Sruthi , Binukumari S.
Published: March 2022

Histopathological alterations are the changes arising in the tissues of the organisms after exposure to the certain pollutants. Histopathology has been widely used as biomarkers in the analysis of the health of fish exposed to pollutants. Thus they are recommended as useful biomarkers in eco-toxicological research, risk assessment and monitoring programs. The heavy metals like cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) are very toxic to animals which enter surface water from various sources. Fishes carry on in near contact with the water through their gills and thus liable to heavy metals exhausted from various sources. In this study, an effort has been made to assess the effect of heavy metal mixture on the gill tissues of Labeo rohita. The fresh water fish, labeo rohita were exposed to heavy metal mixture for short term exposure period (24, 48, 72 8#x38; 96 hours). After the stipulated period of exposure fishes were sacrificed and gills were isolated and used for histopathological studies. The important alterations in the tissues were noticed. Gill tissue found that degeneration of epithelial lining and fusion of primary lamellae.
EUGENOL - A REVIEW OF A VERSATILE MOLECULE WITH REMARKABLE PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Parween Nikhat , Jabeen Amber , Prasad Birendra
Published: March 2022

Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a major volatile component of clove (Eugenia aromaticum) essential oil and several medicinal plants. It is a remarkable molecule with broad spectrum of applications extensively in the fields of cosmetic, agricultural and pharmaceutical as it shows slow toxicity, easily available at low cost and rapid metabolism. Recently eugenol has been used for prevention of life threatening diseases like sepsis, Leishmaniasis, Alzheimer’s, gingivitis, heart diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and cancer as it possesses wide range of pharmacological activities in addition to analgesic activity including anti-oxidant activity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In recent years, eugenol remains a priority in research field due to its broad range of remarkable biological and pharmacological actions. However, there is no overall discussion of versatility and pharmacological action of eugenol elsewhere. In this review, we discuss the overall scenario of pharmacological potential of eugenol.
COMBATING STRATEGIES OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA BIOFILM: A REVIEW
Authors: Jattavathu Madhavi , Dondapati Mallika , Dara Lilly Pushpam
Published: March 2022

Antibiotic resistant pathogen pose an ever increasing threat to mankind at any time of cost. The bacteria accumulate and encased in an extracellular matrix are called a biofilm and are challenging to eradicate with antibiotic treatment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is particularly deadly in cystic fibrosis patients and is the root cause of chronic wounds, chronic -obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and medical device-related infections. Recent studies have shown that P. aeruginosa biofilm reported a higher prevalence in causing drug resistance and infection in intensive care units (ICUs). Bacteria within the biofilm are more tolerant of antibiotics; hence it is critically important to develop effective strategies to eradicate biofilm-related infections. Dispersion of biofilm is one of the major factors to tackle the antibiotic tolerance of biofilms. The purpose of this review is to summarize and provide a critical written account of the efficient approaches for biofilm dispersal and thus to make the dispersed bacterial cells susceptible to antibiotics. This points the way forward for further research in combating antibiotic resistance and the successful treating of biofilm-associated infections.
IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF DIETARY INTAKE OF CHITOSAN ON NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE OF MUGIL CEPHALUS CHALLENGED WITH AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA
Authors: Sathish Vengatesan , Sundaresan Arjunan , Deivasigamani Balaraman
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of dietary chitosan on Mugil cephalus non-specific immunity. M. cephalus with an average weight of 45±2 g were fed diet for 70 days containing control, and control diet with 1%, 2%, and 5% chitosan, respectively. On days 30 and 58, fish from each treatment group (1%, 2%, and 5% chitosan group) were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to study response of chitosan-fed fish to the bacterial challenge. When compared to the control group, the chitosan fed (2%) groups had higher phagocytic index, phagocytic ratio, and serum bactericidal activity (P≤0.05). When the fish in all treatments were given A. hydrophila intraperitoneally, the relative percentage survival (RPS) was higher in the chitosan (2%) category (P≤0.05) than in the other treatments. The control group performed poorly in all non-specific immune response assays, which was accompanied by a decline in survival and growth rates. Thus, including chitosan at a concentration of 2% in a fish's diet improved non-specific immunity, decreased fish mortality, and improved fish growth.
THE EFFECT OF MANURE AND FERTILIZER ON THE ENDOPHYTES ISOLATED FROM CURCUMA LONGA
Authors: Thankam Shaju Reema , Manuel Suba G.A.
Published: March 2022

In the current scenario, chemical fertilizers are widely used to fuel plant growth. The use of chemical fertilisers affects the composition of the soil, its pH, salinity and the organic carbon content. This can be detrimental to the micro flora found in the soil, which can in turn affect the consistency of the soil and the number of endophytes that invade the plants and the plant health. The association of the endophytes with the plants allows them to cope with various functions, like plant growth promotion, yield enhancement and disease control, the microbes in turn receive shelter and nutrients from the host plants. The present study discusses the impact of chemical fertilizers and manures on the number of endophytes extracted from turmeric. The soil was divided into three sets. One set was treated with chemical fertilizer (NPK), one with manure and an untreated set of soil was used as control. The endophytes were isolated from the rhizomes and leaves of the plants grown in all the three sets and analyzed for the effect of the treatments on the bacteria isolated. The comparison showed that the number of endophytes were low in plants grown in soil treated with chemical fertilizers.
AN FTIR STUDY OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AVSCE-1 (KM236234) ANTAGONISM AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM (MTCC10270) - INTERPRETATION OF FTIR DATA IN THE 4000-1000 CM-1 REGION
Authors: Vadithe Tulasibai , Sanneboyina Narmada , Audipudi Amrutha V.
Published: March 2022

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy may be a rapid, reliable, sensitive, and an economical technique, which is employed as an efficient tool for microorganism identification and FTIR spectrum obtained for any identified compound gives the information on the unique fingerprint. During this study, an effort was made to interpret FTIR spectral data in differentiating the ability of antagonism of endophytic bacteria against Fusarium oxysporium var. lycopersii, a phytopathogen of tomato. Antagonism of chilli endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa AVSCE-1 (FR3) against Fusarium oxysporum- MTCC10270 (FO) were studied by dual culture method. FR3 showed significant antagonism against the growth of FO with inhibition of 62.5%. FTIR spectra of ethyl acetate extracts of FO, FR3 and FO+FR3 were analyzed. In FTIR analysis, C-O and C-C stretch of chitin at 1073.35 cm-1, C-N stretch of Amide II at 1232.97 cm-1, C-O stretch of Amide III at 1300 cm-1 and C=O stretch of lipid at 1650-1800 cm-1 of FO revealed the presence of pathogenic compounds. N-H stretch of peptides at 3394.21 cm-1, C-O and C-C stretch of chitin at 1073.35 cm-1, C-H stretch of alkenes at 1449.66 cm-1, C-O and C-C stretch of chitin at 1073.35 cm-1 and absence of peaks at 1500 to 2500 cm-1, in FO+FR3 and C-H stretch at 2900.83 cm-1, C=O stretch at 1732.72 cm-1, C-H stretch of unsaturated ester at 1448.73 cm-1 and C-O stretch of alkyl ether at 1097.97 cm-1 and absence C-O and C-C stretch of chitin at 1073.35 cm-1.
INFLUENCE OF Ba SUBSTITUTION IN SrTiO3 PEROVSKITE: STUDIES OF PHOTOCATALYSIS AND CATALYTIC BIGINELLI REACTION
Authors: Vaz Teotone , More Ashwini S. , Fernandes Janesline , Gurav S. M.
Published: March 2022

Crystalline Barium substituted Sr1-xBaxTiO3 (x =0.0, 0.04, and 0.08) system nanomaterials were successfully prepared via modified sol-gel citrate precursor technique at 800˚C temperatures. A comparative study of the structural, morphological, optical properties and catalytic activity is reported. Synthesized nanomaterials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and FTIR. Pristine SrTiO3 compound found to be cubic structure. On substitution of Ba in Sr-site, the slight distortion in XRD diffraction peaks were observed. Photo-catalytic efficiency using UV-Visible Spectroscopy was investigated by photo-degradation of synthetic dye in Laundry wastewater employing solar light, and found to be promising photo-catalysts. The catalytic potentiality was also explored for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone using Biginelli reaction and the product was found to increase upto 20% for Sr0.2Ba0.8TiO3 with the highest concentration of Barium.
CORROSION INHIBITION OF ALUMINIUM IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID USING PITHECELLOBIUM DULCE AS A GREEN INHIBITOR
Authors: Dochania Meena , Singh Gajendra
Published: March 2022

Mass loss method, thermometric method and SEM analysis have been employed to study the corrosion inhibition efficiency of aluminium in HCl solutions using ethanolic extracts of Pithecellobium dulce. The results reveals that the ehanolic extracts of different parts (leaves, stem bark, seeds and fruit pulp) of plant under study are good corrosion inhibitor among which stem bark extract is more efficient against corrosion. It is concluded that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of inhibitor. Inhibition efficiency was found maximum upto 94.23% and can safely be used as cost effective, non pollutant and non-toxic green corrosion inhibitor.
EVALUATION OF AZO DYE ORANGE G DECOLORIZATION AND DEGRADATION BY BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM TEXTILE EFFLUENT
Authors: Kumari Anamika , Pandey Diksha , Rai J.P. N.
Published: March 2022

The bacteria were isolated and identified from textile effluent, and their ability to decolorize the hazardous azo dye Orange G was evaluated. After incubating the isolates for 24 hours in mineral salt medium supplemented with 100 ppm Direct Orange G, their decolorizing activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Lysinibacillus sp. AUBTP7 (AK1), Bacillus muralis strain1Y118 (AK2), and Bacillus thuringiensis strain N3 (AK3) were identified as the bacterial strains. Bacillus thuringiensis strain N3 (AK3) was the most efficient bacteria at decolorizing Orange G (100ppm), removing 93% of the color in 24 hours at 36ºC temperature. Study of HPLC chromatogram of Orange G and degradation products suggests the formation of new compounds. As a result of this research, it has been revealed that some bacteria live in textile effluents and use dyes as a source of energy and nourishment, implying their usefulness in the treatment of industrial effluents.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL 3-(AMINOMETHYL)-5- BENZYLIDENETHIAZOLIDINE-2,4-DIONE DERIVATIVES AS ANTICANCER AGENTS
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Asati Vivek , Choubey Ankur
Published: March 2022

Thiazolidine-2, 4-dione (TZD) is a vital nucleus in heterocyclic chemistry. Novel 3-(aminomethyl)-5- benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy. The compounds wer synthesized by knoevenagel condensation with cyclization reaction and evaluated for anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines of HeLa (Cervical cancer cells) and HCT-8 (Colon carcinoma) using sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. Compound 3i was the most potent derivative of the series against both cell lines HeLa and HCT-8 with IC50 value of 0.007 μM and 0.001 μM, consecutively. By comparing the activities of potent compounds (3a, 3b, 3f, 3g, 3i, 3n, 3q) with other derivatives, it was revealed that the presence of electronegative groups at C-2 and C-3 positions of phenyl ring confers the highest cytotoxic activity against Cervical cancer and Colon carcinoma cell lines. The physicochemical parameters of these compounds followed the Lipinski rule of five.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SITE SPECIFIC PERIODONTAL GELS
Authors: Kumar K. Vinod , Sasidhar R.L. C. , Deepthi B.
Published: March 2022

Periodontal pockets act as a natural reservoir filled with gingival crevicular fluid for the controlled release of antimicrobials directly. This work reflects the present status of nonsurgical controlled local intrapocket delivery of antimicrobials in the treatment of periodontitis. These sites have specialty in terms of anatomy, permeability and their ability to retain a delivery system for a desired length of time. A number of antimicrobial products and the composition of the delivery systems, its use, clinical results, and their release are summarized. In the present study development of site specific periodontal drug delivery system was developed for Metronidazole and Minocycline HCl. Metronidazole is an important active substance that has been widely used in the treatment of some protozoal and anaerobic bacterial infections. Minocycline hydrochloride is a semi synthetic tetracycline, which has been primarily indicated for the treatment of Acne vulgaris. Polarizing photographs of gel lacking CMC, PVP and a gel encircling 10% CMC and 5% PVP are naked. Photographs demonstrated a dark background in the instance of plain gel, though some fan like formations were supposed in the polarizing photograph of the P5C10 formulation. The consequence of drug(s) concentration on gelation and gel melting is done. The gelation temperature was miserable in the company of drug(s) and conical linearly with its growing concentration, while the melting temperature amended with the concentration of drug(s). The mechanical properties of the augmented formulations for the supervision of periodontal disease were resolute.
CHLORANTRINIPROLE AND ITS EFFECT ON THE SOIL ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Thankam Shaju Reema , C. Madhuri M. , Mondal Tapati , Kulkarni Padmashree
Published: March 2022

In modern agriculture, pesticides are frequently used for increasing the yield by protecting the crops from pests. These pesticides have a negative impact on the soil health and its microbial population. The present investigation was done to evaluate the impact of insecticide Chlorantraniliprole on the total microbial populations, enzymatic activity and various physical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon) in Phaseolus vulgaris cultivated soils. Soil samples were collected before the insecticide spray and on the 3rd, 10th, 20th and 30th day after the insecticide spray from the Phaseolus vulgaris cultivated fields of Singanayakanahalli, Doddaballapur, (Field 1), from fields sprayed with the recommended amount of the pesticide (Field 2) and from field treated with only manure (Field 3) (University of Agricultural Sciences; Bengaluru). Results indicated a significant reduction in the microbial populations and the enzymatic activity. After this initial reduction, the impact of the pesticide became weaker and there was a rise in the microbial population and the enzymatic activity. The values were recorded highest in the 30th day sample. Field 2 and Field 3 soils showed minimum variation with respect to the parameters considered.
DEVELOPMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE POROUS STARCH FOAM FOR IMPROVING ORAL DELIVERY OF EPROSARTAN MESYLATE
Authors: Kothawade Sachin N. , Chaudhari Pravin D.
Published: March 2022

Compared to inorganic carriers, Biodegradable Porous Starch Foam has shown strong properties and has a nano-porous structure, low density and large specific surface area and pore volume of Biodegradable Porous Starch Foam to improve the solubility and enhance absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. The study aimed to prepare Biodegradable Porous Starch Foam used to improve bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug Eprosartan Mesylate. The solid-state properties of the loaded BPSF samples have been characterised by SEM, FTIR, XRPD, and DSC for the analysis of the state of dispersion of loaded eprosartan mesylate compared with the pure eprosartan mesylate. By solvent immersion/ evaporation, the eprosartan mesylate is absorbed by a porous structure. The SEM shows the drug is loaded with crystals and rod-shaped pores. In XRPD, crystallinity of BPSF and unprocessed starch is measured as 26.76 percent and 28.6 percent, respectively. Eprosartan mesylate is thus identified on the surface of BPSF only by FTIR. From the in vitro drug release studies, it was confirmed that BPSF can be used to enhance the water solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. This study demonstrates the great significance of using BPSF as a new delivery mechanism for medicines that are poorly water-soluble based on these results. This method can be used as a replacement for another currently used technique to enhance the stability of poorly soluble drugs.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ONCE DAILY SUSTAINED RELEASE METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS
Authors: Chincholikar Akhil , Lariya Narendra K.
Published: March 2022

Metformin hydrochloride has relatively short plasma half-life and low absolute bioavailability. The need of administration for two to three times a day when larger doses are required can decrease patient compliance. Sustained release formulation that would maintain plasma level for 20 h might be sufficient for daily dosing of metformin. Sustained release products are needed for metformin to prolong its duration of action and to improve patient compliances. The overall objective of this study was to develop an oral sustained release metformin hydrochloride tablet by using hydrophilic alone or its combination with hydrophobic as rate controlling factor. The tablets were prepared by granulation method. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out using USP 22 apparatus I, paddle method. The drug release study revealed that HPMC alone was unable to sustain the drug release. Combining HPMC 8 HEC and coting with a semi-permeable membrane with controlled release from an orifice, sustained the drug release for more than 20h.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECT OF HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS ON DISSOLUTION RATE OF ACECLOFENAC
Authors: L. Pingale Prashant , V. Amrutkar Sunil , B. Bagade Shashikant
Published: March 2022

Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) takes into account solubility and intestinal permeability. The BCS has proven to be a very helpful and widely accepted starting point for pharmacological product development and regulation in the pharmaceutical industry. Aceclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) that is used to treat inflammation. Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhoea, acute lumbago, musculoskeletal trauma, and gonalgia are among the conditions for which it is commonly recommended. To manufacture prolonged release matrix tablets, hydrophilic polymers are often employed. The persistent action of these polymers was demonstrated by the formation of a thick gel layer around the matrix. This gel layer is critical in regulating the medication's release in the tablet's body. The purpose of this research is to formulate, optimise, and evaluate the effect of various hydrophilic polymers such as hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) of various viscosities such as PVP K25, PVP K30, PVP K90, and polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) on the dissolution rate of aceclofenac in various ratios of 1:4, 1:8 and 1:12. To manufacture prolonged release matrix tablets, hydrophilic polymers are often employed. The persistent action of these polymers was demonstrated by the formation of a thick gel layer around the matrix. This gel layer is critical in regulating the medication's release in the tablet's body.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN) AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN THE FIELD OF PHARMACY WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A RECENT REVIEW
Authors: . Sheetal , Kumar Mohit , Pannu Shivani , Kant Sanjay , Bhadauria Shivam , Mandal Uttam Kumar
Published: March 2022

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a new field and a machine learning method based on artificial intelligence (AI) which has recently been utilized to optimize pharmaceutical products. ANN usually makes highly complicated models into a simple and convenient numerical solution. The potential of ANN technique is its capacity to understand and measure complicated non-linear input output interactions and their ability to interpret ambiguous or slightly constricted structures. Description about the ANN includes the historical background, its different phases while product development and also its various types that can be employed in field of optimized pharmaceutical product development. Within the context of Quality by Design (QbD), ANN techniques can be employed for the creation of design space within the limits of all applied variable factors. The aim of this review paper includes the description about the ANN and all possible applications in the field of pharmaceutical product development.
BIO-COAGULANTS, A SUBSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL COAGULANTS
Authors: Halder Amal
Published: March 2022

Coagulants are substances which cause particles in a liquid to curdle and clot together. Different types of common coagulants such as aluminium sulphate, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and iron salts, are used in potable water treatment. These coagulants are usually very expensive and can affect human health. These chemical coagulants change the pH of the treated water and also produce non biodegradable sludge. Moreover, the increase of global awareness about environmental issues is acting as a driving force behind the interest toward the use of green resources as valuable products for water treatment. Natural coagulants have the potential to be effective in water treatment which is sustainable and environmentally appropriate. The bio-coagulation process proved to be efficient in turbidity and colour removal. A number of natural coagulants from plants or animal origin can be effectively used for the treatment of drinking water. Many plant materials have been used over the years, the seeds from Moringa oleifera have been shown to be one of the most effective coagulants for water treatment. Seeds of Carica papaya and leaves of Cactus opuntia showed effectiveness in coagulation. This review tries to find out readily available natural products which are cheap, appropriate and sustainable solutions for producing potable water in some developing nations. This paper also includes advantages and disadvantages of natural coagulants prior to identifying several potential research gaps to provide a platform towards the need of further study.
EQUILIBRIUM ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS FOR METHYLENE BLUE DYE ONTO CSNP-SiO2 NANOCOMPOSITE
Authors: Eswaran Amutha , Kandasamy Vetri , Subramanian Rajaduraipandian , Sivasubramanian Gandhimathi , Gurusamy Annadurai
Published: March 2022

Today, environmental pollutants pose a threat to human societies and all living organisms, which is why they have attracted the attention of environmental researchers. In this study, dye adsorption from aqueous media with CSNP-SiO2 Nanocomposite was investigated. The effects of different variables such as adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature were studied. The results obtained showed that the adsorption of Methylene blue is dependent on adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature. It was noted that the adsorption of all the dyes on CSNP-SiO2 Nanocomposite decreases with an increase in the dosages, pH, and temperature. The adsorption isotherms at different temperatures were found to be of L-type. The optimum adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature were found to be 3g/L, pH 6.4, and 60ºC, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium data of aqueous solutions were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The isotherm data could be well described by the Freundlich and Langmuir equations in the concentration range of 20-100 mg/l. An alkaline pH was favorable for the adsorption of dyes. Based on the adsorption capacity, it was shown that CSNP-SiO2 Nanocomposite was a more effective removal dye solution.
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF SOME NOVEL DERIVATIVES OF COMBINED TETRAZOLE AND THIOSEMICARBAZIDE MOIETIES
Authors: Bhakiaraj D. , Elavarasan T. , Mathavan M. , Megala S. , Enbaraj E. , Gopalakrishnan M.
Published: March 2022

A few novel tetrazolyl thiosemicarbazide derivatives namely, 1-(1-(1-aryl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethylidene) thiosemicarbazides (5a-5g) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR studies. The synthesized compounds were screened against various microbial strains for their antimicrobial activities and the results shows good activities. The compounds 5b and 5f were showing promising activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, Molecular docking studies were also carried out for these Tetrazolylthiosemicarbazide derivatives and were docked against Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase of Staphylococcus aureus (saFabI), obtained from Protein Data Bank (4ALI) as this structure was resolved in complex with NADP and triclosan. From the docking results, the compounds 5b, 5d and 5f are found to be strong binders with saFabI and having stronger binding affinity with saFabI than triclosan-saFabI complex. Therefore, it can be inferred that tetrazolylthiosemicarbazide derivatives, in specific, compounds 5f, 5b and 5d could be taken up for further evaluation towards novel drug design against Staphylococcus aureus.
SYNTHESIS, ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES AND IN SILICO SCREENING OF 3-ACETYLCOUMARINHYDRAZONE SCAFFOLDS
Authors: Pangal Anees , Shaikh Javed A. , Mulani Mansura , Ahmed Khursheed
Published: March 2022

3-acetylcoumarin hydrazone scaffolds, synthesized from 3-acetylcoumarin and substituted benzoic acid hydrazides are reported with structural characterization using IR, HRMS, 1H and 13C-NMR. The In vitro anticancer activities against three human cancer cell lines viz. MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line), HeLa (human cervical cancer cell line) and SCC-40 (human oral squamous cell carcinoma) are carried out while the tumour selectivity of compounds are tested on the normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The compounds 3ACOH, 3ACDH and 3ACMH exhibited higher sensitivity towards HeLa with GI50 values between 20.4 - 44.1μg/ml and this range of GI50 concentration of hydrazones showed no remarkable toxicity against normal PBMCs. Molecular docking studies revealed commendable binding interactions with cyclooxygenase enzyme (PDB ID 6COX). ADMET analysis shows the hydrazones are showing drug-likeness properties. The reported observations of 3-acetylcoumarin hydrazones suggest their possible role as promising new anticancer drug candidates.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NARASIMHA CHURNA FOR AMYLOLYTIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Singh Baljeet , Jain Sourabh , Shukla Karunakar
Published: March 2022

Ayurvedic medicines play an important role in immune problems due to safety and efficacy in it. Hence Narsimha Churna meant for amylolytic activity has been formulated by standard procedures and evaluated by physical and analytical methods. The formulation consists of fine powder (sieve 60 size) of dried roots of Asparagus racemosus, fruits of Tribulus terrestris, rhizome of Dioscorea bulbifera, steam of Tinospora cordifolia and fruit of Semecarpus anacardium in appropriate proportions (2:2:1:1) and mixed well. Physical parameters viz, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water extractive values, alcohol soluble extractive values and crude fibre content besides heavy metal analysis were carried out. The microbial load of formulation for Escherichia coli was also determined. The efficiency of churna for finds the amylolytic activity. Ash values and extractive values were found to be within prescribed limits. The arsenic level was found to be 0.205 ppm. Churna did not show the presence of any Escherichia coli and other microorganisms. The churna showed pronounced amylolytic activity.
ALOE VERA STABILIZED NANO SILVER-REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE NANO COMPOSITES FOR FACILE CATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF PONCEAU 4R AND EOSIN-Y DYES IN VISIBLE LIGHT
Authors: Vijayalakshmi R. , Ramapriya L. , Santhanalakshmi J.
Published: March 2022

In this work nanocomposites comprising of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver nanoparticles (AgNp) were prepared adopting eco friendlier components. Aloe vera plant extract was used as the stabilizing agent in the AgNp synthesis and graphite precursor being used in the rGO preparation. Size characterizations of AgNp-rGO nano composites were carried out from UV- Vis SPR, Powder XRD, HR-TEM and FE-SEM measurements. The catalytic ability of the fabricated green AgNp-rGO nano composites was confirmed by following the oxidative degradations of two popular dyes Ponceau 4R and Eosin-Y in aqueous medium under visible light irradiations at 25ºC. Reaction kinetic parameters such as overall pseudo first order rate coefficients ‘k’, % mineralization of dyes and effect of oxidant sodium peroxomono sulfate (Na2S2O5) were determined for the two dyes separately adopting visible light irradiation and nano composite catalyst inclusions. AgNp-rGO nano composites exhibited remarkable catalytic capacity under visible light irradiations of the dyes both in the presence and absence of oxidant. Among the dyes tested, Ponceau 4R degraded to a higher extent than Eosin-Y. The results point towards low cost advanced oxidation process and AgNp-rGO nano composites an efficient analytical tool for dye degradations.
SCREENING AND ISOLATION OF POLYGALACTURONASE (PGase) PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS BY USING AGRO-RESIDUES AS A SUBSTRATE
Authors: Patidar Kavisha K. , Peshwe Swati A.
Published: March 2022

Almost all the commercial preparations of polygalacturonase are produced from fungal sources. Only few reports are available for the cost effective production of polygalacturonase from bacteria. Therefore in the present study, a number of bacterial strains were isolated from soil sample and screened for polygalacturonase production by using agro-residues. KP10B producing maximum polygalacturonase activity (103.35±6.65 U/ml) was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Among all tested agro-residues, the maximum enzyme production (147.46±8.29 U/ml) was obtained by using wheat bran as a carbon source.
RP-HPLC ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT, FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ENTERIC COATED TABLETS OF PACLITAXEL USED AS BIO-ENHANCER
Authors: Naruka Pushpendra Singh , Kumar Vishal
Published: March 2022

An easy, fast and validated RP-HPLC method was invented to quantify paclitaxel in drug solution and orally disintegrating tablet. The separation was carried out using reversed phase C-18 column (Agilent Eclipse Plus C-18) with UV detection at 268 nm. Method optimization was tested using various compositions of organic solvent. The mobile phase comprised of phosphate buffer (0.01M), methanol and acetonitrile (50:30:20, v/v) adjusted to pH 2.7 with phosphoric acid (80%) was found as the optimum mobile phase. The method showed intraday precision and accuracy in the range of 0.24% to -1.83% and -1.83% to 1.99% respectively. The standard calibration curve was linear from 0.125μg/mL to 16μg/mL. In formulation development, five different tablets were prepared as shown in table with constant amount of quercetin but varying concentration of mannitol, calcium phosphate etc. Disintegration studies, observed that F1 as per table shows the best disintegration time of 1.5±0.20 min. This formulation was further chosen for the enteric coating. Formulation evaluations were found to be bulk density; 0.45±0.02 g/cc and tapped density 0.53±0.01 g/cc. The angle of repose was found to be 29.16±0.82 θ and Carr’s Index was found to be 18.26±0.25. Hardness was found to be 5.1±0.41 kg/cm2 and friability was found to be 0.19 ± 0.01%. To confirm the equal distribution of the weight the weight variation was tested which was found to be 199.16±2.36. This parameter confirms the granules are good in physical properties and can be used further for compression. The drug solution was stable under room temperature at least for 6 hours.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVE COMPONENT OF SPATHODEA CAMPANULATA (RAKTURA) FOR THEIR ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Shandilya Kiran , Arora Neena , Goyel Sadhna
Published: March 2022

S. campanulata, widely distributed in India is traditionally used as astringent, aphrodisiac, purgative, anthelmintic, depurative, febrifuge and expectorant. The plant is also used in rheumatism, dropsy, urinary diseases and jaundice. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of the methanolic extract of the flower of S. campanulata in experimental animal models. The powdered drug was subjected to successive solvent extraction, with solvents in increasing order of polarity to obtain the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of the plant. Isolation and characterization of plant extract were performed through UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy. Characterization approximately conformed the isolated compound was kaempferol. S. campanulata was evaluated for anti-arthritic action by Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis test in adult Albino rats (150-200 gm). Rats were injected 0.1 ml of complete Freund's adjuvant into the planter region of the left hind paw. Statistical analysis was performed using One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferonni test. P less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The methanolic extract of in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed 75.50% and 68.33% protection against increase in paw edema, respectively. S. campanulata showed dose-dependent action in all the experimental models.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NEW RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Punagoti Raja Abhilash , Mourya Rita
Published: March 2022

A novel very rapid, sensitive, reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique was developed for the quantitative estimation of Sitagliptin phosphate in bulk and tablet dosage form. It was resolved by using a mobile phase of Acetonitrile and Phosphate buffer in the ratio of 60:40 v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. using UVVisible detector at the wavelength of 263 nm for quantification. Efficient separation was achieved for Sitagliptin on used Cosmosil C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 5μm). The retention time of Sitagliptin was 2.37 min. The calibration graphs were linear and the method showed excellent recovery for tablet dosage form. The developed method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness.