bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Enyne Construction from Alkynes via Oxidative Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Coupling.
Authors: Hadi Victor , Yoo Kyung Soo , Jeong Min , Jung Kyung Woon
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Oxidative Halodecarboxylation of β‐Arylacrylic Acids with the Ceric Ammonium Nitrate—Alkali Halide System.
Authors: Nikishin G. I. , Sokova L. L. , Makhaev V. D. , Kapustina N. I.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Butylchalcogenolate Induced Michael‐Aldol Tandem Sequence: Easy and Rapid Access to Highly Functionalized Organochalcogenides and Unsaturated Compounds.
Authors: Keppler Artur F. , Gariani Rogerio A. , Lopes Danilo G. , Comasseto Joao V.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heterogenized C2‐Symmetric Bis(sulfonamide)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine‐RhIIICp* Complexes and Their Application in the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation (ATH) of Ketones in Water.
Authors: Cortez Norma A. , Aguirre Gerardo , Parra‐Hake Miguel , Somanathan Ratnasamy
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Amino Aliphatic Ketones.
Authors: Xie Jian‐Hua , Liu Sheng , Kong Wei‐Ling , Bai Wen‐Ju , Wang Xiao‐Chen , Wang Li‐Xin , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of β‐Amino Esters via Mannich‐Type Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions Using ZnCl2 Catalyst.
Authors: Chen Xue Ming , Li Xing Shu , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: HClO4—SiO2 and NaHSO4—SiO2: Two Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Synthesis of N‐Acylsulfonamides under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wu Liqiang , Yang Chunguang , Zhang Chong , Yang Liming
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Solvent‐ and Metal‐Free Sonogashira Protocol Catalyzed by 1,4‐Diazabicyclo(2.2.2) Octane (DABCO).
Authors: Luque Rafael , Macquarrie Duncan J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Aldol‐Type Reaction of 2‐(Trifluoroacetyl)‐1,3‐diazoles with Activated Acetic Acids.
Authors: Khodakovskiy Pavel V. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Tolmachev Andrey A.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Fluorine—Iminium Ion Gauche Effect: Proof of Principle and Application to Asymmetric Organocatalysis.
Authors: Sparr Christof , Schweizer W. Bernd , Senn Hans Martin , Gilmour Ryan
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Supported BINOL‐Zn Catalysts for Heterogeneous Enantioselective Epoxidation of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Wang Haiming , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2‐Hydroxyaryl‐α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with Dimethylsulfonium Carbonylmethylides: A New and Facile Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Dihydrobenzofurans.
Authors: Malik Sarika , Nadir Upender K. , Pandey Pramod S.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Direct Arylation of Benzoic Acids by Tandem Decarboxylation/C—H Activation.
Authors: Wang Congyang , Piel Isabel , Glorius Frank
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Interrupted Ugi Reaction Enables the Preparation of Substituted Indoxyls and Aminoindoles.
Authors: Schneekloth John S. Jr. , Kim Jimin , Sorensen Erik J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4,5‐Diphenyloxazolone Derivatives on Route Towards Selective COX‐2 Inhibitors.
Authors: Duendar Yasemin , Uenlue Serdar , Banoglu Erden , Entrena Antonio , Costantino Gabriele , Nunez Maria‐Teresa , Ledo Francisco , Sahin M. Fethi , Noyanalpan Ningur
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 2] Annulation — Convenient Synthesis of Substituted Dihydropyranones in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Ouyang Yan , Huang Jie , Pan Wei , Liang Yongjiu , Yang Yang , Dong Dewen
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious Synthesis of Hexahydrobenzo[f]isochromenes and of Hexahydrobenzo[f]isoquinoline via Iodine‐Catalyzed Prins and Aza‐Prins Cyclization.
Authors: Silva Luiz F. Jr. , Quintiliano Samir A.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐quinolones. Part 150. Efficient Synthesis, Structure, and Biological Activities of 4‐Methyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid Alkyl Amides.
Authors: Ukrainets I. V. , Bereznyakova N. L. , Parshikov V. A. , Gorokhova O. V.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Addition of Alkyl Halides to 2‐Methylene‐1,3‐dithiane Monoxide as a Ketene Equivalent.
Authors: Yoshida Suguru , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformations of Tetrahydropyrido[4,3‐d]pyrimidnes [b]‐Condensed with Isoxazole, Thiazole, Thiadiazole, and Triazole Units under the Action of Activated Alkynes.
Authors: Voskressensky L. G. , Borisova T. N. , Ovcharov M. V. , Kulikova L. N. , Sorokina E. A. , Borisov R. S. , Varlamov A. V.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Monodehydro‐2,5‐diketopiperazine Formation from N‐α‐Ketoacyl Amino Acid Amides.
Authors: Yamazaki Yuri , Mori Yuki , Oda Akiko , Okuno Yuka , Kiso Yoshiaki , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Umpolung of Substituent Effect in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. A New Approach to the Synthesis of N,N‐Disubstituted Melamines (Triazine Triskelions) under Mild Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Kolesinska Beata , Kaminski Zbigniew J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Reactions of Functionalized Benzo[b]azonines and Bi(benzo[b]azonines).
Authors: Afsah Elsayed M. , Fadda Ahmed A. , Bondock Samir , Hammouda Mohamed M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and General Method for the Formation of S‐Aryl, Se‐Aryl, and Te‐Aryl Phosphorochalcogenoates.
Authors: Gao Yu‐Xing , Tang Guo , Cao Yu , Zhao Yu‐Fen
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rumphellolide I, a Novel Caryophyllane‐Related Tetrahydropyran Norsesquiterpenoid from Gorgonian Coral Rumphella antipathies.
Authors: Sung Ping‐Jyun , Su Yin‐Di , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Chuang Li‐Fan , Chung Hsu‐Ming , Chen Jih‐Jung , Li Jan‐Jung , Fang Lee‐Shing , Wang Wei‐Hsien
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aminocyclopropyl Pyrrolidines from Glycoaminonitriles.
Authors: Declerck Delphine , Josse Solen , Nguyen Van Nhien Albert , Postel Denis
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Putative Structure of Nagelamide D.
Authors: Bhandari Manojkumar R. , Sivappa Rasapalli , Lovely Carl J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Noranabasamine.
Authors: Miao Lei , DiMaggio Stassi C. , Shu Hong , Trudell Mark L.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Phenylethanoids and Coumarines from Basalmocitrus cameroonensis.
Authors: Wansi Jean Duplex , Bavoua Judith Liliane Djouaka , Happi Emmanuel Ngeufa , Devkota Krishna Prasad , Lenta Bruno Ndjakou , Mesaik Muhammed Ahmed , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Fomum Zacharias Tanee , Sewald Norbert
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Large Ring 1,3‐Bridged 2‐Azetidinones: Experimental and Theoretical Studies.
Authors: Urbach Allan , Dive Georges , Tinant Bernard , Duval Valerie , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pochonins K—P; New Radicicol Analogues from Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia and Their WNT‐5A Expression Inhibitory Activities.
Authors: Shinonaga Hideki , Kawamura Yoji , Ikeda Akiko , Aoki Mari , Sakai Noriyoshi , Fujimoto Natsuko , Kawashima Akira
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Soluble Fluorene‐Polyimino Ketone.
Authors: Luo Xuan , Chang Guanjun , Wang Qingfu , Jiao Wenxiu , Zhang Lin , Lin Runxiong
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth
Authors: Lynam Jason M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Angular Dipyridyl Ligands 2,5‐Bis(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole and Its 3‐Pyridyl Analogue as Building Blocks for Coordination Architectures: Assemblies, Structural Diversity, and Properties
Authors: Du Miao , Bu Xian‐He
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Biologically Active Heparan Sulfate and Heparin Using an Enzyme‐Based Approach
Authors: Peterson Sherket , Frick Amber , Liu Jian
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Efforts Toward Cyathane Diterpenoid Natural Products
Authors: Enquist John A. Jr. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of Store‐Operated Calcium Entry
Authors: Sweeney Zachary K. , Minatti Ana , Button Donald C. , Patrick Silvia
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Restriction DNA Cutters as New Tools for Gene Manipulation
Authors: Katada Hitoshi , Komiyama Makoto
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances on Cyclopeptide‐Based Glycoclusters
Authors: Renaudet Olivier
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrolytic Decomposition of Glycosides in Aqueous Acids
Authors: Mikkola Satu , Oivanen Mikko
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Sugars to Modified Nucleosides
Authors: Hyrosova Eva , Fisera Lubor , Medvecky Michal , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Koos Miroslav
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticancer Vaccine Candidates: C‐Glycoside Analogues of STn and PSA
Authors: Weiwer Michel , Huang Fei , Chen Chi‐Chang , Yuan Xuejun , Tokuzaki Kazuo , Tomiyama Hiroshi , Linhardt Robert J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: General Approach to the Total Synthesis of Macroline‐Related Sarpagine and Ajmaline Alkaloids
Authors: Edwankar Chitra R. , Edwankar Rahul V. , Rallapalli Sundari , Cook James M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Constituents and Bioactivities of Clausena excavata
Authors: Kongkathip Ngampong , Kongkathip Boonsong
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Batrachotoxin: The Launch of the Frog Alkaloid Program at NIH
Authors: Garraffo H. Martin , Spande Thomas F.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bases and Basic Materials in Industrial and Environmental Chemistry: Commercial Processes
Authors: Busca Guido
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Inertial Rotation and Matrix Interaction Effects on the EPR Spectra of Methyl Radicals Isolated in ′Inert′ Cryogenic Matrices
Authors: Benetis Nikolas P. , Dmitriev Yurij
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequencing Single DNA Molecules in Real Time
Authors: Ibach Jenny , Brakmann Susanne
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Imaging of Spatial Heterogeneities in Catalytic Solids at Different Length and Time Scales
Authors: Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The pyrolysis of (−)‐(S)‐nicotine: Racemization and decomposition
Authors: Clayton Peter , Lu Annhelen , Bishop Louise
Published: July 2009

The pyrolytic behaviour of (−)‐(S)‐nicotine in methanol was investigated using on‐line pyrolysis GC/MS to establish whether racemization to the R(+) antipode occurs and to identify other products of pyrolysis. The conditions used included pyrolysing the sample for 15 seconds in an atmosphere of 9% oxygen in nitrogen (275ml/min total flow) across the temperature range of 200°C–1000°C. A chiral Cyclodex‐B analytical column (30m × 0.25mm i.d. × 0.25 μm film thickness) was used to separate the enantiomers of nicotine, although the two enantiomer peaks were not baseline resolved. The results of the experiment shows that there is no increase in (+)‐(R)‐nicotine levels across a wide temperature range. This suggests that the elevated levels of (+)‐R‐nicotine observed in tobacco smoke (compared to tobacco leaf material) are not due to the pyrolytic auto‐racemization of (−)‐(S)‐nicotine but are a result of more complex interactions between (−)‐(S)‐nicotine and other smoke components. The pyrolysis of isotopically labelled nicotine established that nicotine undergoes thermal decomposition to β‐nicotyrine which in turn may decompose to other products. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On circular dichroism and the separation between chromophore and chiral center: The near carbon K‐edge X‐ray absorption and circular dichroism spectra of noradrenaline and L‐DOPA
Authors: Villaume Sebastien , Norman Patrick
Published: July 2009

The near carbon K‐edge X‐ray absorption and circular dichroism spectra of noradrenaline (neutral and protonated forms) and L‐DOPA (protonated form) have been determined with use of the complex polarization propagator method in conjunction with Kohn‐Sham density functional theory. A Coulomb attenuated exchange‐correlation functional and London atomic orbitals have been employed to address the issues of hole‐electron interactions and gauge‐origin dependence of the magnetic‐dipole operator, respectively. Results show that the characteristics of the chromophore part of the circular dichroism spectra are shared for all three considered systems, whereas protonation qualitatively alters the part of the spectrum assigned to the chiral side chain. The comparatively larger spatial separation of chromophore and chiral center in L‐DOPA inflicts larger differences in spectral intensities between the chromophore and chiral center part of the circular dichroism spectra. Chirality 21:E13–E19, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of enantiomerization barriers of hypericin and pseudohypericin by dynamic high‐performance liquid chromatography on immobilized polysaccharide‐type chiral stationary phases and off‐column racemization experiments
Authors: Ciogli Alessia , Bicker Wolfgang , Lindner Wolfgang
Published: July 2009

Direct enantiomer separation of hypericin, pseudohypericin, and protohypericin was accomplished by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using immobilized polysaccharide‐type chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Enantioselectivities up to 1.30 were obtained in the polar‐organic elution mode whereby for hypericin and pseudohypericin Chiralpak IC [chiral selector being cellulose tris(3,5‐dichlorophenylcarbamate)] and for protohypericin Chiralpak IA (chiral selector being the 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate of amylose) gave favorable results. Enantiomers were distinguished by on‐line electronic circular dichroism detection. Optimized enantioselective chromatographic conditions were the basis for determining stereodynamic parameters of the enantiomer interconversion process of hypericin and pseudohypericin. Rate constants delivered by computational simulation of dynamic HPLC elution profiles (stochastic model, consideration of peak tailing) were used to calculate averaged enantiomerization barriers (ΔG) of 97.6–99.6 kJ/mol for both compounds (investigated temperature range 25–45°C). Complementary variable temperature off‐column (i.e., in solution) racemization experiments delivered ΔG = 97.1–98.0 kJ/mol (27–45°C) for hypericin and ΔG = 98.9–101.4 kJ/mol (25–55°C) for pseudohypericin. An activation enthalpy of ΔH# = 86.0 kJ/mol and an activation entropy of ΔS# = −37.7 J/(K mol) were calculated from hypericin racemization kinetics in solution, whereas for pseudohypericin these figures amounted to 74.1 kJ/mol and −82.6 J/(K mol), respectively. Although the natural phenanthroperylene quinone pigments hypericin and pseudohypericin as well as their biological precursor protohypericin are chiral and can be separated by enantioselective HPLC low enantiomerization barriers seem to prevent the occurrence of an excess of one enantiomer under typical physiological conditions—at least as long as stereoselective intermolecular interactions with other chiral entities are absent. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship Between Integrated Backscatter and Atrial Fibrosis in Patients with and Without Atrial Fibrillation Who Are Undergoing Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Wang Guo‐Dong , Shen Lu‐Hua , Wang Lei , Li Hong‐Wei , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Chen Hui
Published: July 2009

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the integrated backscatter (IBS) and atrial fibrosis, with and without atrial fibrillation (AF), in patients who are undergoing coronary bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods

A total of 74 patients (18 preoperative AF, 56 sinus rhythm [SR]) with coronary artery disease undergoing CABG were included. The IBS of the left atrium (LA) posterior wall was acquired from transthoracic echocardiographic examination before surgery. Samples from the LA appendage were collected after opening the pericardium and quantitative assessment of atrial fibrosis was performed with collagen volume fraction (CVF). Postoperative AF was monitored with electrocardiographic telemetry in‐hospital.

Results

There was a positive relationship between age, IBS of the left atrial posterior wall indexed by pericardium (IBS%), and CVF by multivariate linear regression analysis (r = 0.612, p = 0.034; r = 0.887, p < 0.001 respectively). The value of IBS%, LA dimension (LAD), and CVF values were higher in patients with preoperative AF than in patients with preoperative SR (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). The value of age, IBS%, and CVF in patients with postoperative AF were higher than in patients without postoperative AF (p = 0.029, p < 0.001, p = 0.001 respectively).

Conclusions

IBS of the LA posterior wall indexed by pericardium provides an objective quantitative measure of atrial fibrosis and correlates with postoperative AF in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C–Reactive Protein and Atrial Fibrillation in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shimo Dai, , Shu Zhang , Ying hua Guo , Chu Jianmin , Hua Wei , Wang Fang zheng
Published: July 2009

Background

Previous studies have found elevated plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Most of these studies included AF patients with various heart diseases, but few studies were designed to investigate CRP in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) patients with AF.

Method and Results

CRP levels in 242 IDCM patients with AF were compared with CRP levels in 280 control IDCM patients. Among control patients, 70 had atrial premature beats or atrial tachycardia and 210 had normal sinus rhythm. CRP was higher in the AF group than in the control group (median, 4.59 versus 2.81 mg/L; p < 0.001). The prevalence of AF in IDCM patients increased as plasma CRP levels increased, and the patients with the highest plasma CRP levels had the highest probability of suffering from AF. Outcome of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed body mass index, AF, and white blood cell count significantly correlated with the plasma CRP levels.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrated that the plasma CRP level in IDCM patients with AF was higher than in IDCM patients without AF, and an increase in plasma CRP levels was associated with an increased prevalence of AF in IDCM patients. Also, body mass index, AF, and white blood cell count correlate with plasma CRP levels in IDCM patients. These data suggest there is presence of inflammation in IDCM patients with AF. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy and Safety of Tirofiban in High‐Risk Patients With Non‐ST‐Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Yan Zhenxian , Zhou YuJie , Zhao Yingxin , Li Yueping , Nie Xiaomin , Zhou Zhiming , Jia Dean
Published: July 2009

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of tirofiban in high risk patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE‐ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

A total of 240 patients were randomized to either a tirofiban group or a control group.

Results

Compared with the control group, the platelet aggregation rate in the tirofiban group was lower (P< 0.01); the plasma levels of CK‐MB and troponin I, cardiac form (cTnI) were lower (P< 0.05); ECG improved significantly (P< 0.05); the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was lower (P< 0.05); and there was no difference in bleeding complications between the 2 groups (P= 0.1).

Conclusions

The administration of tirofiban in high risk patients with NSTE‐ACS after PCI is safe and effective. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decreased High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level is an Independent Correlate of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α in a General Population
Authors: Yamagishi Sho‐ichi , Adachi Hisashi , Matsui Takanori , Nakamura Kazuo , Enomoto Mika , Fukami Ako , Otsuka Maki , Kumagae Shun‐ichi , Nanjo Yasuki , Imaizumi Tsutomu
Published: July 2009

Background

Recent studies implicate a pathophysiological role of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in atherosclerosis, thus suggesting that serum TNF‐α levels may be one of the biomarkers for future cardiovascular events. However, which anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory variables could regulate circulating TNF‐α levels in humans is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the independent determinants of serum TNF‐α levels in a Japanese general population.

Hypothesis

Anthropometric, metabolic , and inflammatory variables could regulate TNF‐α.

Methods

A total of 213 Japanese subjects underwent a complete history, physical examination, and determination of blood chemistries, including TNF‐α levels. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied for the determinants of TNF‐α levels.

Results

The average TNF‐α levels were 13.4 ± 0.81 pg/ml in males and 13.9 ± 4.5 pg/ml in females, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that TNF‐α levels were associated with age (P = 0.007), body mass index (P = 0.034), waist circumference (<0.001), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C; inversely, P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.001), creatinine (P < 0.001), uric acids (P < 0.001), insulin (P = 0.008), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR; P = 0.015), high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP; P < 0.001), and fibrinogen (P = 0.009). By the use of multiple stepwise regression analyses, HDL‐C (inversely, P < 0.001) and hs‐CRP (P < 0.001) remained significant and were independently related to TNF‐α levels (R2 = 0.153).

Conclusions

The present study is the first demonstration that besides hs‐CRP, a decreased HDL‐C level is an independent determinant of circulating TNF‐α in the Japanese general population. Elevation of TNF‐α may partly explain the increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with low HDL‐C levels. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low‐Density Lipoprotein Levels are One of the Independent Determinants of Circulating Levels of Advanced Glycation End Products in Nondiabetic Subjects
Authors: Yamagishi Sho‐ichi , Adachi Hisashi , Matsui Takanori , Nakamura Kazuo , Takeuchi Masayoshi , Enomoto Mika , Fukami Ako , Otsuka Maki , Kumagae Shun‐ichi , Nanjo Yasuki , Ueda Shin‐ichiro , Imaizumi Tsutomu
Published: July 2009

Background

Nonenzymatic modification of proteins by reducing sugars leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), whose process has been reported to progress under diabetes. Recently, diet has been found to be a major environmental source of proinflammatory AGEs in humans. Further, fats or meat‐derived products processed by high heat such as broiling have been shown to contain more AGEs than carbohydrates boiled for longer periods. Since circulating levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) are also regulated by dietary cholesterol, it is conceivable that intake of cholesterol‐rich foods could regulate serum levels of AGEs in humans. In this study, we investigated whether LDL‐C levels are one of the independent determinants of circulating AGEs levels in a nondiabetic general population.

Methods

A total of 170 nondiabetic Japanese subjects underwent a complete history, physical examination, determination of blood chemistries, and serum AGEs.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that AGEs levels were associated with LDL‐C (P < 0.05) and fasting plasma glucose levels (P < 0.05). By the use of multiple stepwise regression analyses, LDL‐C (P < 0.01) and fasting plasma glucose levels (P < 0.05) remained significant and were independently related to AGEs levels (R2 = 0.069).

Conclusions

The present study is the first demonstration that LDL‐C levels are one of the independent determinants of serum levels of AGEs in a nondiabetic general population. Intake of cholesterol‐rich foods may regulate serum levels of AGEs in nondiabetic subjects. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of Change in Walking Distance in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease Undergoing Endovascular Intervention
Authors: Afaq A. , Patel J.H. , Gardner A.W. , Hennebry T.A.
Published: July 2009

Background

Endovascular treatment of peripheral artery disease is becoming frequent, yet the clinical factors which predict ambulatory outcomes are not known.

Hypothesis

To identify predictors of change in walking distance in patients who underwent endovascular intervention for their lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Methods

A total of 134 patients underwent lower extremity peripheral arterial intervention, 52 patients were contacted via phone between 1 and 36 months (a mean of 22 mo) after their initial procedure. The remaining 82 patients were excluded due to the following reasons: death (n = 13), contact information was not available (n = 50), and refusal to participate in the follow‐up (n = 19).

Results

The patients were 63 ± 12 years old (mean ± standard deviation [SD]), 46% were male, 47% were diabetics, 49% had coronary artery disease, of whom 29% had prior revascularization, and 22% had coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG). The disease severity described by Fontaine classification were as follows: 44.2% were in stage II, 15.4% were in stage III, and 40.4% were in stage IV. Walking distance was improved in 21% of patients, worsened in 73% of patients, and unchanged in 6% of patients. Stepwise multiple regression demonstrated that patients who started to walk or exercise (R = 0.372, P < 0.012) and who had a prior history of CABG (R = 0.467, P < 0.006) were the only independent predictors of the change in walking distance at follow‐up. Those who started to walk reported worse walking distance at follow‐up, while those with a history of CABG reported better walking distance at follow‐up.

Conclusion

CABG prior to endovascular intervention is predictive of favorable change in walking distance in patients with PAD at follow‐up. Therefore, post‐CABG patients are good candidates for exercise rehabilitation and risk factor modification. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perioperative chemotherapy for urothelial cancer
Authors: Dorff Tanya B. , Quinn David I.
Published: July 2009

Urothelial cancer is very responsive to chemotherapy. The deficit in translating this into improved patient outcome is a major blight on contemporary practice in urologic oncology.
Gender disparity in the rate of partner abandonment in patients with serious medical illness
Authors: Glantz Michael J. , Chamberlain Marc C. , Liu Qin , Hsieh Chung‐Cheng , Edwards Keith R. , Van Horn Alixis , Recht Lawrence
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND:

Life‐threatening illness creates severe stress that may result in marital discord, separation, or divorce and may adversely impact treatment, quality of life, and survival. The few studies that are available to date have suggested that the risk of divorce is not higher in cancer patients, but to the authors' knowledge, no data exist to date that have examined the effect of gender on this rate.

METHODS:

A total of 515 patients were prospectively identified as having either a malignant primary brain tumor (N = 214), a solid tumor with no nervous system involvement (N = 193), or multiple sclerosis (N = 108) who were married at the time of diagnosis. Basic demographic information and data regarding marital status were compiled. Patients were followed prospectively from enrollment until death or study termination.

RESULTS:

Women composed 53% of the patient population. Divorce or separation occurred at a rate similar to that reported in the literature (11.6%). There was, however, a greater than 6‐fold increase in risk after diagnosis when the affected spouse was the woman (20.8% vs 2.9%; P < .001). Female gender was found to be the strongest predictor of separation or divorce in each cohort. Marriage duration at the time of illness was also correlated with separation among brain tumor patients (P = .0001). Patients with brain tumors who were divorced or separated were more likely to be hospitalized, and less likely to participate in a clinical trial, receive multiple treatment regimens, complete cranial irradiation, or die at home (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Female gender was found to be a strong predictor of partner abandonment in patients with serious medical illness. When divorce or separation occurred, quality of care and quality of life were adversely affected. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nakayama Hidetsugu , Sugahara Shinji , Tokita Mari , Fukuda Kuniaki , Mizumoto Masashi , Abei Masato , Shoda Junichi , Sakurai Hideyuki , Tsuboi Koji , Tokuuye Koichi
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND:

The authors have published a series of studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of proton beam therapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in a variety of clinical settings. In the current study, they retrospectively reviewed their entire experience treating hepatocellular carcinoma patients with proton beam therapy at their hospital‐based facility at the University of Tsukuba.

METHODS:

From November 2001 to December 2007, 333 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with proton beam therapy at the University of Tsukuba. A total of 318 patients were included in this study. Total dose delivered and fractionation scheme were determined by protocols that varied based on location of tumor. Survival rates and prognostic factors were assessed.

RESULTS:

Overall actuarial survival rates at 1‐year, 3‐years, and 5‐years were 89.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 85.7‐93.1%), 64.7% (95% CI, 56.6‐72.9%), and 44.6% (95% CI, 29.7‐59.5%), respectively. Child‐Pugh liver function (hazards ratio [HR], 2.84; P < .01), T stage (HR, 1.94; P < .05), performance status (HR, 2.12; P < .01), and planning target volume (HR, 2.12; P < .05) significantly impacted survival. The 3‐year and 5‐year survival rates were 69.1% (95% CI, 59.9‐78.3%) and 55.9% (95% CI, 41.5‐70.3%), respectively, for patients with Child‐Pugh A disease and 51.9% (95% CI, 32.3‐71.5%) and 44.5% (95% CI, 23.1‐65.8%), respectively, for patients with Child‐Pugh B disease. The actuarial survival rates of patients with Child‐Pugh class A were statistically different between groups of planned target volume ≤125 mL and >125 mL (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

The authors have shown proton beam therapy to be both safe and effective for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. They strongly recommend the consideration of proton beam therapy in patients for whom other treatment options are risky or contraindicated. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Stabilization and Large Nonlinearity of Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with a π‐Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Li Cuihong , Jiang Li , Liu Huibiao , Li Yuliang , Song Yinglin
Published: July 2009

Gold nanoparticles protected by a novel π‐conjugated polymer [poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene) containing pendent disulfide and bipyridine groups] are synthesized and characterized. The polymer can stabilize the gold nanoparticles effectively. The nonlinear optical properties of the gold nanoparticle colloid solutions in toluene are investigated by using the Z‐scan technique at a wavelength of 532 nm and pulse width of 4 ns. The gold‐nanoparticle colloid solutions show an exceptional nonlinear absorption effect, which simultaneously contains the saturated absorption resulting from third‐order nonlinearity and a large reverse‐saturated absorption resulting from fifth‐order nonlinearity. In addition, asymmetric self‐focusing refractive effects are investigated in the colloid solutions.