bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metalation of Bromodiazines. Diazines. Part 40.
Authors: Decrane Laurence , Ple Nelly , Turck Alain
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Unsaturated Amino Alcohols Through Unexpectedly Selective Ru‐Catalyzed Cross‐Metathesis Reactions.
Authors: Hoveyda Hamid R. , Vezina Martin
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tin‐Catalyzed Conversion of Trioses to Alkyl Lactates in Alcohol Solution.
Authors: Hayashi Yukiko , Sasaki Yoshiyuki
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic and Computational Studies on Intramolecular [2 + 2] Sulfonyl Isocyanate‐Olefin Cycloadditions.
Authors: Freitag Dirk , Drees Markus , Goutal Sigrid , Strassner Thomas , Metz Peter
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Preparation of 2‐Phenylethylamines from 1‐Phenyl‐2‐alkyl‐alkynes by Hydroamination/Reduction Sequences
Authors: Heutling Andreas , Severin Rene , Doye Sven
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solid‐Supported Sulfonylhydroxylamine as an Effective N‐Aminating Agent of Anilines.
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Takahashi Takashi
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Photodehydro‐Diels—Alder Reaction: An Efficient Route to Naphthalenes.
Authors: Wessig Pablo , Mueller Gunnar , Kuehn Andreas , Herre Robert , Blumenthal Haiko , Troelenberg Stefanie
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The First Example of Catalytic Aziridination Mediated by Arsonium Ylides: Preparation of trans‐Pentafluorophenyl‐Containing Aziridines.
Authors: Zhu Shifa , Liao Yuanxi , Zhu Shizheng
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis of E‐Alkylidene Derivatives of 3H‐Furan‐2‐ones from 4‐Pentynoic Acid and Aldehyde.
Authors: Lim Sung‐Gon , Kwon Bong‐Il , Choi Moon‐Gun , Jun Chul‐Ho
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stepwise Cross‐Couplings of a Dibromo‐γ‐methylenebutenolide as an Access to Z‐Configured α‐Alkenyl‐γ‐alkylidenebutenolides. Straightforward Synthesis of the Antibiotic Lissoclinolide.
Authors: Sorg Achim , Blank Frederik , Brueckner Reinhard
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydrofurans via Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation—Rearrangement of Enol Ethers with 1‐(Silanyloxy)vinyl Diazoacetates.
Authors: Mueller Paul , Bernardinelli Gerald , Allenbach Yves F. , Ferri Maria , Grass Stephane
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Route to the 5,6‐Dihydro‐4H‐thieno[3,2‐b]pyrrol‐5‐one Ring System Involving an Intermediate Substituted‐Thiophene Synthesis.
Authors: Hu Shuanghua , Huang Yazhong , Poss Michael A. , Gentles Robert G.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Transition Metal Porphyrins from Free‐Base 5,10,15,20‐Tetraarylporphyrins under Microwave Irradiation in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Jain Nidhi , Kumar Anil , Chauhan S. M. S.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Pyrrole‐2‐carboxamides.
Authors: Werner Stefan , Iyer Pravin S.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Banert Cascade: A Synthetic Sequence to Polyfunctional NH‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Loren Jon C. , Sharpless K. Barry
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Rapid Preparation of 2‐Aminosulfonamide‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles Using Polymer‐Supported Reagents and Microwave Heating.
Authors: Baxendale Ian R. , Ley Steven V. , Martinelli Marisa
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Unusual Synthesis of Troeger′s Bases Using DMSO/HCl as Formaldehyde Equivalent.
Authors: Li Zhong , Xu Xiaoyong , Peng Yanqing , Jiang Zhaoxing , Ding Chuanyong , Qian Xuhong
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
NiCl2‐Catalyzed Hydrophosphinylation.
Authors: Ribiere Patrice , Bravo‐Altamirano Karla , Antczak Monika I. , Hawkins Jennifer D. , Montchamp Jean‐Luc
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalyst‐Free Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates in a Three‐Component System: R1C(O)R2—(EtO)2P (O)H—RNH2.
Authors: Kabachnik Maria M. , Zobnina Elena V. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phthalocyanine Synthesis in Ionic Liquids: Preparation of Differently Substituted Phthalocyanines in Tetrabutylammonium Bromide.
Authors: Lo Pui‐Chi , Cheng Diana Y. Y. , Ng Dennis K. P.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diterpene Glycosides from Aster homochlamydeus.
Authors: Yang Cai‐Xia , Zhang Qi , Jia Zhong‐Jian
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hyrtiosins A—E, Five New Scalarane Sesterterpenes from the South China Sea Sponge Hyrtios erecta
Authors: Yu Zhi‐Guo , Bi Kai‐Shun , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Steroids from Saussurea ussuriensis.
Authors: Feng Jia‐Tao , Shi Yan‐Ping
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Extra Large Pore Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieve, NCL‐6.
Authors: Venkatathri N.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A “User‐Friendly” Chemical Approach Towards Paramagnetic Cobalt Phosphide Hollow Structures: Preparation, Characterization, and Formation Mechanism of Co2P Hollow Spheres and Tubes.
Authors: Hou Hongwei , Peng Qi , Zhang Shuyuan , Guo Qixun , Xie Yi
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper Oxide Nanocrystals.
Authors: Yin Ming , Wu Chun‐Kwei , Lou Yongbing , Burda Clemens , Koberstein Jeffrey T. , Zhu Yimei , O'Brien Stephen
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Anisotropic Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Assembly, and Optical Applications
Authors: Murphy Catherine J. , Sau Tapan K. , Gole Anand M. , Orendorff Christopher J. , Gao Jinxin , Gou Linfeng , Hunyadi Simona E. , Li Tan
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
C—C Coupling and C—H Bond Activation Reactions of Cyclopentadienyl—Osmium Compounds: The Rich and Varied Chemistry of Os(η5‐C5H5)Cl (PiPr3)2 and Its Major Derivatives
Authors: Esteruelas Miguel A. , Lopez Ana M.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Different Strategies for the Chemical Synthesis of Lignans
Authors: Ward Robert S.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidations of C—H Compounds Catalyzed by Metal Complexes
Authors: Shul'pin Georgiy B.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transfer Hydrogenations
Authors: Gladiali Serafino , Alberico Elisabetta
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Carbonyl Hydrogenations
Authors: Ohkuma Takeshi , Noyori Ryoji
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mastering the Challenges of Catalyst Screening in High‐Throughput Experimentation for Heterogeneously Catalyzed Gas‐Phase Reactions
Authors: Schunk Stephan A. , Demuth Dirk , Cross Alexander , Gerlach Olga , Haas Alfred , Klein Jens , Newsam John M. , Sundermann Andreas , Stichert Wolfram , Strehlau Wolfgang , et al. et al.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Jazzar Rodolphe F. R. , Kuendig E. Peter
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Reactions of Selenothioic Acid S‐Esters and Diselenoic Acid Esters
Authors: Murai Toshiaki
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acylbenzotriazoles as Advantageous N‐, C‐, S‐, and O‐Acylating Agents
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Wang Zuoquan
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Approach Toward the Problem of Outliers in QSAR
Authors: Verma Rajeshwar P. , Hansch Corwin
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Chemistry of Trifluoromethyl Imines and Related Acetals Derived from Fluoral
Authors: Begue Jean‐Pierre , Bonnet‐Delpon Daniele , Crousse Benoit , Legros Julien
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Axillary disease recurrence after sentinel lymph node dissection for breast carcinoma
Authors: Swenson Karen K. , Mahipal Amit , Nissen Mary J. , Tuttle Todd M. , Heaton Keith , Lally Robin M. , Spomer Amy , Lee Martin W.
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUND

Surgical recommendation for early‐stage breast carcinoma includes removal of the primary breast tumor and evaluation of the axillary lymph nodes on the ipsilateral side. Sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) is increasingly being used to evaluate axillary lymph nodes in clinically lymph node negative patients as an alternative to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Results from SLND are highly predictive of metastatic involvement in the axilla, and are associated with fewer side effects. However, the greatest concern with SLND alone is the potential for a higher rate of axillary lymph node recurrence. The purpose of the current study was to review data collected on 700 consecutive patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma who underwent SLND without concomitant ALND.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted using the oncology registry at Park Nicollet Health Services (Minneapolis, MN). Consecutive breast carcinoma cases with SLND only for axillary surgery, from January 28, 1999 to December 31, 2003, were included in the study. During this period, 700 patients with breast carcinoma were identified who had SLND alone. Fifty‐two patients were excluded from the analysis because they had ductal carcinoma in situ.

RESULTS

With a median follow‐up of 33 months (range, 2‐73 mos), axillary lymph node recurrence occurred in 4 of 647 (0.62%) patients overall. In these 4 patients, the axillary lymph node recurrences were isolated to the axillary lymph nodes and amenable to surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Data from the current study showed that axillary lymph node recurrence after SLND occurred very infrequently in early‐stage breast carcinoma, and these results were comparable to other studies. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Scheduling communication in multithreaded programs: experimental results
Authors: Gomez Juan Carlos , Rego Vernon , Sunderam V. S.
Published: September 2005

When the critical path of a communication session between end points includes the actions of operating system kernels, there are attendant overheads. Along with other factors, such as functionality and flexibility, such overheads motivate and favor the implementation of communication protocols in user space. When implemented with threads, such protocols may hold the key to optimal communication performance and functionality. Based on implementations of reliable user‐space protocols supported by a threads framework, we focus on our experiences with internal threads' scheduling techniques and their potential impact on performance. We present scheduling strategies that enable threads to do both application‐level and communication‐related processing. With experiments performed on a Sun SPARC‐5 LAN environment, we show how different scheduling strategies yield different levels of application‐processing efficiency, communication latency and packet‐loss. This work forms part of a larger study on the implementation of multiple thread‐based protocols in a single address space, and the benefits of coupling protocols with applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel iterative multilevel solution of mixed finite element systems for scalar equations
Authors: Chugunov V. , Svyatski D. , Tyrtyshnikov E. , Vassilevski Yu.
Published: September 2005

A combination of several contemporary techniques is used for the efficient parallel solution of the mixed finite element systems on locally refined Grids. Implementation experience and numerical results are reported. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning with an active e‐course in the Knowledge Grid environment
Authors: Zhuge Hai , Li Yanyan
Published: September 2005

An active e‐course is an open, self‐representable and self‐organizable media mechanism. Its kernel idea is to organize learning materials in a concept space rather than in a page space. The tailored content and flexible structure of the e‐courses can be dynamically formed to cater for different learners with different backgrounds, capabilities and expectations, at different times and venues. The active e‐course can also assess learners' learning performances and give appropriate suggestions to guide them in further learning. An authoring tool for constructing course ontology and a system prototype have been developed to support an active e‐course, enabling a learner‐centred, highly interactive and adaptive learning approach. The results of an empirical study show that the system can help enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of learning. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Acylcyclopropanes from Homoaldol Products by Stereospecific Homoallylic Cyclization
Authors: Kalkofen Rainer , Brandau Sven , Ünaldi Seda , Fröhlich Roland , Hoppe Dieter
Published: September 2005

Highly enantioenriched 4‐hydroxy‐1‐alkenyl N,N‐diisopropylcarbamates, easily available by asymmetric homoaldol reaction, cyclize by treatment with sodium hydride to form (1r,2t,3t)‐configured 1‐acylcyclopropanes with high diastereoselectivity. The decisive steps are the migration of the N,N‐diisopropylcarbamoyl group onto the alkoxide oxygen atom, followed by an intramolecular homoallylic substitution reaction of the intermediate γ‐carbamoyloxy enolate with inversion of the configuration at the γ‐C atom. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cover Picture: Improving the Properties of Organic Dyes by Molecular Encapsulation (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 19/2005)
Authors: Arunkumar Easwaran , Forbes Christopher C. , Smith Bradley D.
Published: September 2005

The cover picture shows some of the supramolecular encapsulation strategies that have been used to improve the photophysical and photochemical properties of organic dyes. The work is summarized in the microreview by E. Arunkurmar, C. C. Forbes, and D. Smith on p. 4051 ff.
Telling truth from lie in individual subjects with fast event‐related fMRI
Authors: Langleben Daniel D. , Loughead James W. , Bilker Warren B. , Ruparel Kosha , Childress Anna Rose , Busch Samantha I. , Gur Ruben C.
Published: September 2005

Deception is a clinically important behavior with poorly understood neurobiological correlates. Published functional MRI (fMRI) data on the brain activity during deception indicates that, on a multisubject group level, lie is distinguished from truth by increased prefrontal and parietal activity. These findings are theoretically important; however, their applied value will be determined by the accuracy of the discrimination between single deceptive and truthful responses in individual subjects. This study presents the first quantitative estimate of the accuracy of fMRI in conjunction with a formal forced‐choice paradigm in detecting deception in individual subjects. We used a paradigm balancing the salience of the target cues to elicit deceptive and truthful responses and determined the accuracy of this model in the classification of single lie and truth events. The relative salience of the task cues affected the net activation associated with lie in the superior medial and inferolateral prefrontal cortices. Lie was discriminated from truth on a single‐event level with an accuracy of 78%, while the predictive ability expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was 85%. Our findings confirm that fMRI, in conjunction with a carefully controlled query procedure, could be used to detect deception in individual subjects. Salience of the task cues is a potential confounding factor in the fMRI pattern attributed to deception in forced choice deception paradigms. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induced theta oscillations mediate large‐scale synchrony with mediotemporal areas during recollection in humans
Authors: Guderian Sebastian , Düzel Emrah
Published: September 2005

One functional aspect of theta oscillations that recent studies have begun to explore in humans is their role for the recollection of personal events. A specific role of theta for recollection but not for stimulus‐familiarity would support links between cortical theta oscillations and hippocampal functioning, given that the hippocampus seems to be more critical for recollection than for stimulus‐familiarity. During recollection, theta oscillations might mediate a dynamic link between hippocampal and neocortical areas, thereby allowing to recruit and bind distributed cortical representations. We recorded theta oscillations using whole‐head magnetoencephalography while nine healthy subjects made recognition memory judgments on previously studied and unstudied pictures of faces. For each recognized face, subjects indicated whether they also recollected the background image in front of which that face was studied. Theta oscillations were higher in amplitude during recollection than during recognition in the absence of accurate memory for the background. These theta oscillations were induced in nature, meaning that they showed considerable phase variability from trial to trial. To nevertheless extract the field distribution of coherent theta oscillations from single trials, we calculated phase differences between sensor pairs at each time point of each single trial. This field information was used to localize the brain sources of synchronized theta‐generators. The results suggest that recollection is associated with induced activity increase in a distributed synchronous theta network, including prefrontal, mediotemporal, and visual areas. These findings are compatible with the notion that theta oscillations are related to the binding of distributed cortical representations during recollection. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal medication use and the risk of brain tumors in the offspring: The SEARCH international case‐control study
Authors: Cardy Amanda H. , Little Julian , McKean‐Cowdin Roberta , Lijinsky William , Choi N. Won , Cordier Sylvanie , Filippini Graziella , Holly Elizabeth A. , Lubin Flora , McCredie Margaret , Mueller Beth A. , Peris‐Bonet Raphael , Arslan Annie , Preston‐Martin Susan
Published: September 2005

N‐nitroso compounds (NOC) have been associated with carcinogenesis in a wide range of species, including humans. There is strong experimental data showing that nitrosamides (R1NNO·COR2), a type of NOC, are potent neuro‐carcinogens when administered transplacentally. Some medications are a concentrated source of amides or amines, which in the presence of nitrites under normal acidic conditions of the stomach can form NOC. Therefore, these compounds, when ingested by women during pregnancy, may be important risk factors for tumors of the central nervous system in the offspring. The aim of the present study was to test the association between maternal use of medications that contain nitrosatable amines or amides and risk of primary childhood brain tumors (CBT). A case‐control study was conducted, which included 1,218 cases and 2,223 population controls, recruited from 9 centers across North America, Europe and Australia. Analysis was conducted for all participants combined, by tumor type (astroglial, primitive neuroectodermal tumors and other glioma), and by age at diagnosis (≤5 years; >5 years). There were no significant associations between maternal intake of medication containing nitrosatable amines or amides and CBT, for all participants combined and after stratification by age at diagnosis and histological subtype. This is the largest case‐control study of CBT and maternal medications to date. Our data provide little support for an association between maternal use of medications that may form NOC and subsequent development of CBT in the offspring. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Obesity, hormone therapy, estrogen metabolism and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Modugno Francesmary , Kip Kevin E. , Cochrane Barbara , Kuller Lewis , Klug Thomas L. , Rohan Thomas E. , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Lasser Norman , Stefanick Marcia L.
Published: September 2005

Hormone therapy (HT) and body mass index (BMI) have been associated with postmenopausal breast cancer. Because estrogen metabolism may affect breast cancer risk and can be altered by weight and HT, it might play a role in the HT–BMI–breast cancer associations. We undertook a nested case‐control study within the Observational Study of the Women's Health Initiative. Baseline levels of 2‐ and 16α‐hydroxy estrone (2‐OHE1 and 16α‐OHE1) were measured in 200 women who developed breast cancer during follow‐up and 200 healthy controls matched to cases by ethnicity, enrollment date, clinic site, type of HT and years since menopause. Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used to compare estrogen metabolite levels between cases and controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between BMI, estrogen metabolites and breast cancer risk. 16α‐OHE1 levels were modestly but significantly higher in HT users among cases (median 356 pg/ml vs. 315 pg/ml) and controls (354 pg/ml vs. 298 pg/ml). 2‐OHE1 levels were substantially and significantly higher in HT users among cases (369 pg/ml vs. 125 pg/ml) and controls (347 pg/ml vs. 134 pg/ml). For non‐HT users only, greater BMI and higher 16α‐OHE1 levels were individually and jointly associated with increased breast cancer risk (OR for women with high BMI and high 16α‐OHE1 compared to those with low BMI and low 16α‐OHE1 = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.34–9.16). No associations between BMI, estrogen metabolism and breast cancer risk were found for HT users. Estrogen metabolism differs according to both BMI and HT use, potentially explaining the interaction between BMI and HT in relation to breast cancer risk. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fabrication of microporous thermoplastic polyurethane for use as small‐diameter vascular graft material. I. Phase‐inversion method
Authors: Khorasani M. T. , Shorgashti S.
Published: September 2005

Fabrication conditions of microporous thermoplastic polyurethane to be used in small‐diameter vascular grafts are studied. Porosity variations due to various factors such as concentration of PU solution, composition of coagulation bath, effect of coagulant temperature, and effect of dissolved air in PU solution are discussed. The liquid–liquid phase‐inversion process used for preparation of PU films and the mechanism for the formation of microporous films are discussed. Surface and cross‐section morphologies of PU films are studied with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and porosity value and mechanical strength of PU films are also determined. SEM photomicrographs show that PU films prepared in an alcoholic coagulant have uniform porous structure compared to films prepared in water coagulant. Increasing the polymer concentration and coagulant temperature (>23°C) decreases the macrovoid formation, as seen in cross sections of PU films. This enhances the tensile modulus of PU films. By using this process adjustment may be made on the morphology and compliance, as they are important factors in design and fabrication of small‐diameter vascular grafts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Teaching fidelity
Authors: Pittman Frank S. , Wagers Tina Pittman
Published: September 2005

Working therapeutically with individuals or couples either following an affair or prior to its occurrence requires teaching them about risks to monogamy and the challenges of recovering from infidelity. Risks to monogamy include cultural myths about both infidelity and marriage that may be shared not only by lay persons, but also by their ill‐informed therapists. Exacerbating risks to fidelity are physiological components of emotional and physical attraction that contribute to cognitive and affective disorientation. Therapists can promote fidelity and recovery from infidelity by attending to the fundamental tasks of modeling compassion, debunking myths regarding infidelity, confronting individuals with their own choices, promoting emotional closeness, and helping individuals to understand both their own and their partner's learned attitudes that distract them from maintaining a faithful marriage. Several cases illustrate these fundamental therapeutic tasks. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 1407–1419, 2005.
Treating infidelity in same‐sex couples
Authors: Martell Christopher R. , Prince Stacey E.
Published: September 2005

Psychotherapy with same‐sex couples does not differ markedly from standard couple therapies; this is also true for treating couples facing infidelity. However, same‐sex couples often design their relationships differently, without tradition and formal marital contracts to prescribe behavior. Based on clinical experience and the empirical research, this article addresses the differing norms involved in affirmatively treating infidelity in gay and lesbian couples within the framework of integrative behavioral couple therapy (IBCT). Two cases illustrate the process and outcome of IBCT with same‐sex couples. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 1429–1438, 2005.
Treating infidelity: Clinical and ethical directions
Authors: Snyder Douglas K. , Doss Brian D.
Published: September 2005

This article addresses clinical and ethical directions in treating clients coping with infidelity. Developing competence in this domain requires familiarity with empirical research regarding infidelity, individual and cultural differences involving nonmonogamy, and assessment and intervention skills related to treating infidelity. Practical directions will entail distinguishing among responsibilities to individual partners versus their relationship and managing related potential conflicts of interest with other involved parties. Confidentiality assumes increased complexity when confronting undisclosed infidelity in couple therapy and when a client engaging in high‐risk behaviors for contracting STDs or testing seropositive for HIV has not informed his or her partner(s). Finally, we discuss therapists' need to concretely articulate their values that influence treatment of infidelity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 1453–1465, 2005.
Manganese‐enhanced MRI of the optic visual pathway and optic nerve injury in adult rats
Authors: Thuen Marte , Singstad Trond E. , Pedersen Tina Bugge , Haraldseth Olav , Berry Martin , Sandvig Axel , Brekken Christian
Published: September 2005

Purpose

To evaluate manganese (Mn2+)‐enhanced MRI in a longitudinal study of normal and injured rat visual projections.

Materials and Methods

MRI was performed 24 hours after unilateral intravitreal injection of MnCl2 (150 nmol) into adult Fischer rats that were divided into four groups: 1) controls (N = 5), 2) dose‐response (N = 10, 0.2–200 nmol), 3) time‐response with repeated MRI during 24–168 hours post injection (N = 4), and 4) optic nerve crush (ONC) immediately preceding the MnCl2 injection (N = 7). Control and ONC animals were reinjected with MnCl2 20 days after the first injection, and MRI was performed 24 hours later.

Results

In the control group, the optic projection was visualized from the retina to the superior colliculus, with indications of transsynaptic transport to the cortex. There was a semilogarithmic relationship between the Mn2+ dose and Mn2+ enhancement from 4 to 200 nmol, and the enhancement decayed gradually to 0 by 168 hours. No Mn2+‐enhanced signal was detected distal to the ON crush site. In the control group, similar enhancement was obtained after the first and second MnCl2 injections, while in the ONC group the enhancement proximal to the crush site was reduced 20 days post lesion (20dpl).

Conclusion

Mn2+‐enhanced MRI is a viable method for temporospatial visualization of normal and injured ON in the adult rat. The observed reduction in the Mn2+ signal proximal to the ONC is probably a result of retrograde damage to the retinal ganglion cells, and not of Mn2+ toxicity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endovascular interventional MRI
Authors: Henk Christine B. , Higgins Charles B. , Saeed Maythem
Published: September 2005

MR guidance has been used recently to navigate endovascular catheters and deliver stents in large (aorta and pulmonary) and small (coronary, renal, and femoral) arteries, place ASD closure devices, deliver pulmonary valve stents, guide cardiac RF ablations, and perform intramyocardial injections. However, MR visualization of a stent lumen is still a problem and requires more attention. Because of technical limitations and safety concerns associated with the prototype devices used, limited numbers of clinical studies have been performed. Considerable development is necessary to overcome the challenges and take advantage of the benefits that MR has to offer for endovascular interventions. In this article we review the current state of the art and address the topic partly by referring to our own experiments and presenting our recent illustrations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pre‐ and postprandial alterations of portal venous flow: Evaluation with single breath‐hold three‐dimensional half‐fourier fast spin‐echo MR imaging and a selective inversion recovery tagging pulse
Authors: Tsukuda Toshinobu , Ito Katsuyoshi , Koike Shinji , Sasaki Katsumi , Shimizu Ayame , Fujita Takeshi , Miyazaki Mitsue , Kanazawa Hitoshi , Jo Chisaki , Matsunaga Naofumi
Published: September 2005

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of food intake on portal flow using unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods

The study population included 29 healthy subjects. A selective inversion recovery tagging pulse was used on the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and splenic vein (SpV) to study the correlation of tagged blood in the portal vein (PV). MRI was performed before and 60–90 min after a meal.

Results

The flow signal from the SMV increased in 97% of the subjects after the meal. Before the meal the portal flow was dominated by flow from the SpV in 59% of the subjects, while it was dominated by flow from the SMV in 76% of the subjects after the meal. The most common distribution pattern of the flow signal from the SpV before the meal was in the central part of the main PV (55%), while it was in the left side (45%) after the meal. The most common distribution pattern of the flow signal from the SMV was in the bilateral sides of the main PV both before and after the meal (62%).

Conclusion

This technique shows potential for evaluating pre‐ and postprandial alterations of flow from the SpV and SMV in the PV under physiological conditions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D volume‐selective turbo spin echo for carotid artery wall imaging with navigator detection of swallowing
Authors: Crowe Lindsey A. , Keegan Jennifer , Gatehouse Peter D. , Mohiaddin Raad H. , Varghese Anitha , Symmonds Karen , Cannell Timothy M. , Yang Guang Zhong , Firmin David N.
Published: September 2005

Purpose

To improve 3D volume‐selective turbo spin echo (TSE) carotid artery wall imaging by incorporating navigators to reduce artifacts caused by swallowing.

Materials and Methods

Images were acquired on a Siemens Magnetom Sonata 1.5T scanner. 3D volume‐selective TSE scans of the carotid arteries were acquired in six healthy volunteers. A cross‐pair navigator placed on the back of the tongue was used to detect swallowing and movement. Two swallowing patterns were tested: 1) a single swallow approximately halfway through the scan time, at the center of kz, and 2) repeated swallowing as often as possible throughout the scan period. Images were acquired with and without navigators for comparison. Signal intensity in the lumen was quantified for the quality of blood suppression, and the clarity of the vessel wall in the common carotid was ranked by four independent blinded observers.

Results

In general, lower signal intensity was recorded in the lumen, and decreased blurring and ghosting were observed on scans with navigator control. This reduction in lumen signal intensity signifies an improvement in the black‐blood imaging technique. The differences likely reflect the improved double inversion/blood suppression efficiency due to cycles being rejected when the heart rate changed at the point of swallowing, or decreased motional blurring/ghosting of tissue when the navigator is used, or a combination of these two effects. A statistical analysis of image quality showed a significant difference between navigated and non‐navigated scans as scored by four independent, blinded observers. For both swallowing patterns, the mean score for the navigator images was on average 0.6 greater than that of non‐navigator images (on a scoring scale of 0–5, where 0 = no vessel visible, and 5 = good delineation and blood suppression) and P‐values for all observers were less than 0.01. Overall, the central swallow scans were scored higher than the repeated swallow scans. One reason for this may be the fact that the heart rate increased on swallowing, and this often lasted for one or two cardiac cycles after the navigator returned to the normal acceptance position. The effect of the increased heart rate after swallowing is likely to have an effect on double inversion blood suppression efficiency. Therefore, the increased amount of heart rate changes with repeated swallowing may have a greater adverse effect, even if the navigator rejects data views during the swallowing motion.

Conclusion

The clarity of vessel wall delineation and the apparent efficiency of blood suppression are reduced by swallowing during acquisition. Both motion blurring and quality of blood suppression are factors that can be improved with the use of a navigator accept/reject method. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) for contrast‐enhanced 3D MR angiography of the abdominal arteries
Authors: Born Markus , Willinek Winfried A. , Gieseke Jürgen , von Falkenhausen Marcus , Schild Hans , Kuhl Christiane K.
Published: September 2005

Purpose

To assess sensitivity encoding (SENSE) for contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA) of the abdominal arteries in comparison with standard MRA protocols.

Materials and Methods

In 22 patients MRA of the abdominal arteries was performed twice (once using a standard protocol, and once with the additional use of SENSE). In 10 patients all examination parameters were kept constant (TR/TE/FA = 3.8 msec/1.3 msec/30°), and a reduction in scan time from 22 to 11 seconds was realized with the use of SENSE. In 12 patients, using SENSE the acquisition matrix was increased from 208 to 416, keeping the scan time constant. Image quality was scored on a five‐point scale by three radiologists. Additionally, ROI‐based measurements of CNR were performed.

Results

For both protocols, image quality was significantly improved using SENSE. The time‐reducing SENSE protocol yielded an average score of 4.2 points vs. 3.1 for the standard protocol. Using SENSE to increase the acquisition matrix, an average score of 4.3 was reached vs. 3.2 for the standard protocol (P < 0.05). The number of depictable small vessels and their bifurcations was significantly increased by either of the two SENSE protocols as compared to the standard imaging procedure.

Conclusion

SENSE for MRA of the abdominal arteries significantly increases image quality and permits a substantial reduction in breath‐hold time or a significantly improved spatial resolution. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Patient's knowledge and concern of adverse effects
Authors: Kompoliti Katie , Goetz Christopher G. , Morrissey Mary , Leurgans Sue
Published: September 2005

The objective of this study was to assess awareness and concern of neuroleptic (NL)‐induced side effects in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) patients. Although NLs are effective tic suppressants, they can be associated with various side effects. Data on patient knowledge and concern about side effects can guide educational efforts. One hundred consecutive GTS patients or parents in a tertiary referral medical center responded to a standardized, in‐person questionnaire. They were given a list of 15 side effects and asked which could be ascribed to NLs (9) or not (6). Side effect concern was rated on a 0 (none) to 10 (extreme) scale. The mean age for the 100 patients was 19.4 ± 14 years; 55 had a history of NL use, and 45 were NL‐naive. Less than half the cohort met criteria for being well informed. Only one third of the listed NL side effects were accurately identified by at least 75% of the respondents. Patients with past or current NL treatment were more accurate in identifying NL side effects but less concerned about them than NL‐naive patients. The side effects of greatest concern were seizures, tardive dyskinesia, thinking and emotion disturbances, and cardiac irregularities. Overall, patient awareness of NL side effects is insufficient, and although past exposure to NLs enhances knowledge, it decreases concern. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Assessment of young children using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA)
Authors: Rescorla Leslie A.
Published: September 2005

After providing a brief review of three other approaches to assessment of preschool children (DSM‐IV diagnoses, “Zero to Three” diagnoses, and temperament scales), this paper focuses on the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). The empirically based assessment paradigm provides user‐friendly, cost‐effective, reliable, and valid procedures for assessing children's behavioral/emotional problems from the perspectives of multiple informants. The ASEBA preschool forms, the Child Behavior Checklist for ages 1.5–5 (CBCL/1.5–5) and the Caregiver–Teacher Report Form (C–TRF), are usable by many different kinds of professionals in diverse settings. The CBCL/1.5–5 also includes the Language Development Survey (LDS), which provides a quick screen for delays in vocabulary and word combinations. The problem items of the CBCL/1.5–5 and the C–TRF are scored on both empirically based syndromes and DSM‐oriented scales, which are normed on the same general population sample. Variations in children's functioning across contexts and interaction partners make it essential to obtain and integrate data from multiple sources. Therefore, ASEBA software provides side‐by‐side comparisons of item and scale scores from up to eight assessment forms per child. Clinical and research applications of ASEBA preschool forms are summarized in the paper, and strengths and limitations are discussed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:226–237.
Assessment of motor development and function in preschool children
Authors: Tieman Beth L. , Palisano Robert J. , Sutlive Ann C.
Published: September 2005

The process of identification of children with delays or disorders in motor development includes developmental screening, examination, and reexamination. Throughout this process, various types of measures are used, including discriminative and evaluative measures. Discriminative and evaluative measures of motor development and function that are commonly used for preschool‐aged children include the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 2nd edition, Toddler and Infant Motor Evaluation, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, and Gross Motor Function Measure. Selecting an appropriate measure is a crucial part of the examination process and should be geared toward the purpose of testing and characteristics of the child. Evidence of reliability and validity are important considerations for selection of a measure. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:189–196.
General measures of cognition for the preschool child
Authors: Lichtenberger Elizabeth O.
Published: September 2005

Preschool‐age children who are experiencing delays in physical, cognitive, communication, social, emotional, or adaptive development are often referred for a comprehensive assessment to make diagnostic determinations and to help develop appropriate interventions. Typically cognitive assessment has a key role in a comprehensive evaluation of a young child. In this article, five individually administered tests of cognitive ability, normed for the preschool‐age child, are reviewed. These specific tests include the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd edition, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition, the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 3rd edition, the Stanford‐Binet Intelligence Scale, 5th edition, and the Differential Abilities Scales. The following is provided for these cognitive instruments: a description of the test procedures, information on scoring systems, highlights of the technical qualities, and a summary of the general meaning of test results. The article concludes with strengths and limitations of the instruments. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:197–208.
Assessment of social communication skills in preschoolers
Authors: Landa Rebecca J.
Published: September 2005

This paper orients the reader to social communication assessment and reviews methods for assessing social communication behavior in children from toddlerhood through the preschool years. Most standardized, normed tests of language in this age range focus on morpho‐syntactic and semantic comprehension and production abilities. While social communication is perhaps one of the most important skills for peer acceptance, these skills are often overlooked in language evaluation with children. However, there are a number of caregiver questionnaires, interviews, or direct social‐communication sampling methods that are available to assist clinicians or researchers in documenting social‐communication skills or behaviors. Since assessment of social communication is essential in clinical work with children with an autism spectrum disorder, some of the tools described below are outgrowths of autism research or provide autism‐related scores. While many children receiving social communication assessments do not have autism, the need to assess social communication skills in children with language impairment is highlighted by the growing literature documenting social and pragmatic difficulties in this population (Bishop 2000 Causes, Characteristics, Intervention, and Outcome. Hove, UK: Psychology press). Regardless of whether the measures presented herein were initially designed for children with autism or not, they will provide insights into the social communicative behaviors or tendencies in young children. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:247–252.
Measurement of fiber orientation distributions using high angular resolution diffusion imaging
Authors: Anderson Adam W.
Published: September 2005

High angular resolution measurements of diffusion are used to estimate the angular distribution and diffusion anisotropy of fibers in a voxel. A simple, axially symmetric model of diffusion in white matter fibers is used to relate diffusion measurements to fiber properties. The new technique is called fiber orientation estimated using continuous axially symmetric tensors (FORECAST). It is tested using both numerical simulation and in vivo measurements. The new method agrees with other methods in voxels containing single fibers, but resolves crossing fibers better, at least at the level of diffusion weighting used in this study (tr(b) = 1480 s/mm2). The simplifying assumptions of the model are tested by comparison with the “model‐free” q‐ball analysis of in vivo data and the results are shown to be in good agreement. The new method addresses the problem of partial volume averaging in diffusion tensor imaging and provides a basis for more reliable estimates of fiber orientation and fractional anisotropy. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immigrants and civic engagement
Authors: McGarvey Craig
Published: September 2005

This article was adapted from “Pursuing Democracy's Promise: Newcomers' Civic Participation in America” a report published by Grantmakers Concerned with Immigrants and Refugees in collaboration with the Funders' Committee for Civic Participation, © 2004.
On‐line identification of unstable iridoids from Jamesbrittenia fodina by HPLC–MS and HPLC–NMR
Authors: Cogne A.‐L. , Queiroz E. F. , Marston A. , Wolfender J.‐L. , Mavi S. , Hostettmann K.
Published: September 2005

HPLC–UV–MS analysis of the methanol extract of Jamesbrittenia fodina (Wild) O. M. Hilliard (Scrophulariaceae) revealed the presence of different iridoid cinnamic esters; however, isolation of these constituents was prevented by instability problems. HPLC–UV–MS and HPLC–NMR analysis of the mixtures obtained after a tentative isolation indicated that, in the first instance, instability was due to a light‐induced cis/trans isomerisation of the cinnamic moieties. Further investigation of related compounds showed an additional instability problem linked to other chemical transformations. A detailed HPLC–NMR–MS study of these fractions demonstrated that the modifications occurred on the rhamnose moiety of these iridoids. It could be concluded that the second type of instability was attributable to transesterification of the cinnamic moiety on the rhamnose unit. The recording of stop‐flow HPLC–NMR spectra for specific HPLC peaks permitted the direct monitoring of these transformations. Based on these on‐line data, six new unstable aucubin derivatives were efficiently characterised. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomalies in the ionic properties of serum albumin
Authors: Salaman Myer R. , Warwicker Jim
Published: September 2005

The documented difference in the isoionic points of native and unfolded serum albumins is revisited with computational methods. Good agreement between calculated and measured ΔpIs is found, with the molecular origin appearing to reside in a diverse set of carboxyl group titrations. Although histidine ionization plays only a minor role in bringing about the ΔpI, the identification of three histidine residues with low computed pKas (around pH 5) suggests an explanation for the mismatch between experimentally derived group pKas and the pI of the native protein. Computed electrostatic properties (including pI) of native serum albumins are compared with a set of 178 nonenzyme proteins. We find that the degree of interdigitation of positive and negative charges is extreme for serum albumin, and discuss the relationship to protein solubility and pH‐dependent structural transitions. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.