bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associative algebras and the representation theory of grading-restricted vertex algebras
Authors: Huang Yi-Zhi
Published: August 2023

We introduce an associative algebra [Formula: see text] using infinite matrices with entries in a grading-restricted vertex algebra [Formula: see text] such that the associated graded space [Formula: see text] of a filtration of a lower-bounded generalized [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] is an [Formula: see text]-module satisfying additional properties (called a nondegenerate graded [Formula: see text]-module). We prove that a lower-bounded generalized [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] is irreducible or completely reducible if and only if the nondegenerate graded [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] is irreducible or completely reducible, respectively. We also prove that the set of equivalence classes of the lower-bounded generalized [Formula: see text]-modules is in bijection with the set of the equivalence classes of nondegenerate graded [Formula: see text]-modules. For [Formula: see text], there is a subalgebra [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that the subspace [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is an [Formula: see text]-module satisfying additional properties (called a nondegenerate graded [Formula: see text]-module). We prove that [Formula: see text] are finite-dimensional when [Formula: see text] is of positive energy (CFT type) and [Formula: see text]-cofinite. We prove that the set of the equivalence classes of lower-bounded generalized [Formula: see text]-modules is in bijection with the set of the equivalence classes of nondegenerate graded [Formula: see text]-modules. In the case that [Formula: see text] is a Möbius vertex algebra and the differences between the real parts of the lowest weights of the irreducible lower-bounded generalized [Formula: see text]-modules are less than or equal to [Formula: see text], we prove that a lower-bounded generalized [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] of finite length is irreducible or completely reducible if and only if the nondegenerate graded [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] is irreducible or completely reducible, respectively.
The d-critical structure on the Quot scheme of points of a Calabi–Yau 3-fold
Authors: Ricolfi Andrea T. , Savvas Michail
Published: August 2023

The Artin stack [Formula: see text] of zero-dimensional sheaves of length [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] carries two natural d-critical structures in the sense of Joyce. One comes from its description as a quotient stack [Formula: see text], another comes from derived deformation theory of sheaves. We show that these d-critical structures agree. We use this result to prove the analogous statement for the Quot scheme of points [Formula: see text], which is a global critical locus for every [Formula: see text], and also carries a derived-in-flavor d-critical structure besides the one induced by the potential [Formula: see text]. Again, we show these two d-critical structures agree. Moreover, we prove that they locally model the d-critical structure on [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a locally free sheaf of rank [Formula: see text] on a projective Calabi–Yau [Formula: see text]-fold [Formula: see text]. Finally, we prove that the perfect obstruction theory on [Formula: see text] induced by the Atiyah class of the universal ideal agrees with the critical obstruction theory induced by the Hessian of the potential [Formula: see text].
Solvability of the two-dimensional stationary incompressible inhomogeneous Navier–Stokes equations with variable viscosity coefficient
Authors: He Zihui , Liao Xian
Published: August 2023

We show the existence and the regularity properties of (a class of) weak solutions to the two-dimensional stationary incompressible inhomogeneous Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity coefficients, by analyzing a fourth-order nonlinear elliptic equation for the stream function.

For some stationary symmetric flows, we reformulate the Navier–Stokes equations as ordinary differential equations and give explicit examples of weak solutions. We present some further (ir-)regularity results in the case of piecewise-constant viscosity coefficients.
On δ(k)-Coloring of Some Cycle-Related Graphs
Authors: Ellumkalayil Merlin Thomas , Naduvath Sudev
Published: August 2023

A graph coloring is proper when the colors assigned to a pair of adjacent vertices in it are different and it is improper when at least one of the adjacent pair of vertices receives the same color. When the minimum number of colors required in a proper coloring of a graph is not available, coloring the graph with the available colors, say [Formula: see text] colors, will lead at least an edge to have its end vertices colored with a same color. Such an edge is called a bad edge. In a proper coloring of a graph [Formula: see text], every color class is an independent set. However, in an improper coloring there can be few color classes that are non-independent. In this paper, we use the concept of [Formula: see text]-coloring, which permits only one color class to be non-independent and determine the minimum number of bad edges, which is denoted by [Formula: see text], obtained from the same for some cycle-related graphs.
The Bounds of Generalized 4-Connectivity of Folded Divide-and-Swap Cubes
Authors: Xue Caixi , Zhou Shuming , Zhang Hong
Published: August 2023

Connectivity along with its extensions are important metrices to estimate the fault-tolerance of interconnection networks. The classic connectivity [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is the minimum cardinality of a vertex set [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is connected or a single vertex. For any subset [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], a tree [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] is called an [Formula: see text]-tree if [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, any two [Formula: see text]-tree [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are internally disjoint if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We denote by [Formula: see text] the maximum number of pairwise internally disjoint [Formula: see text]-trees in [Formula: see text]. For an integer [Formula: see text], the generalized [Formula: see text]-connectivity of a graph [Formula: see text] is defined as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. For the [Formula: see text]-dimensional folded divide-and-swap cubes, [Formula: see text], we show the upper bound and the lower bound of [Formula: see text], that is [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in this paper.
Numerical Simulation of Explosive Storage Underground Structure Subjected to Blast
Authors: Goel M. D. , Jagrit Vani , Panchal Sandeep
Published: August 2023

In this study, finite element (FE) analysis of underground structure is carried out, which is subjected to the internal blast loading and the structure is surrounded with soil media. Three different methods to analyze the effect of blast loading on structure, i.e. ConWep, smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), and couple Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) are used for the simulation of blast loading using ABAQUS/Explicit®. Concrete damage plasticity (CDP), Mohr–Coulomb, Johnson–Cook (JC) plasticity model, Jones–Wilkins–Lee (JWL) equation of state and ideal gas are utilized for defining behavior of concrete, soil, steel, explosive and air, respectively. FE analysis is performed to compare the behavior of structure under different blast modelling methods. The effect of different explosive weights is considered to see the impact of the blast load on the structure. For parametric analysis, three explosive weights, 3[Formula: see text]kg, 5[Formula: see text]kg, and 10[Formula: see text]kg of TNT (trinitro toluene), and three concrete grades, M30, M35, and M40 are considered to see the stability of the structure. The effect of varied explosive weights and varied concrete grades is compared in terms of stress, pressure, and displacement at critical locations of the structure. The outcome of this shows that the change in explosive weight and concrete grade considerably affects the stability of the structure. As the explosive weight increases, damage to the structure increases, and with the increase in the concrete grade, the blast load resistance capacity of the structure increases. It is observed that buried part of the structure is more resistant to blast load compared to the structure visible above ground.
Modeling of a Magnetorheological Elastomer-Based Nanocomposite Higher-Order Beam: Tunable Dynamic and Damping Characteristics
Authors: Zou Yunhe , Tang Shufeng , Wu Jianxin , Bai Jiangbo , Weng Xuyu , Hozuri Artin
Published: August 2023

This study involves the comprehensive modeling of material properties and a numerical investigation of the free-damped vibrations exhibited by an innovative composite beam. The beam under consideration is a laminated magnetorheological (MR) elastomer, strategically reinforced with graphene platelets (GPLs). Initially, the mechanical properties of the MR matrix are meticulously calculated using a modified generalized Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model. To ensure the accuracy and credibility of the proposed model, nonlinear regression analysis based on the nonlinear least squares technique is employed. This modeling approach enables the tunability of the MR matrix’s storage and loss modulus, which depend on factors such as the magnetic field, iron particles, and excitation frequency. The proposed model is verified by comparing the results with experimental data from the literature, using analyses of root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficients. Subsequently, the composite media, comprising the magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) matrix and GPL reinforcements, undergoes homogenization through the application of the Halpin–Tsai micromechanical procedure. Theoretical formulations, encompassing third-order beam theory, strains, linear elasticity, and viscoelasticity, are then utilized to derive the motion equations governing the dynamic behavior of the composite beam. Hamilton’s principle guides the derivation of these equations. To obtain the complex frequencies characterizing the system, the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is implemented. In this study, particular emphasis is placed on investigating the performance achieved by adding GPL reinforcements to the MRE with different iron particle volume fractions under various magnetic fields.
Hybrid Modeling of a Simply-Supported Bridge Under Opposite Moving Loads via Multi-Layered Feed-Forward ANN
Authors: Panda Susmita , Banerjee Arnab , Manna Bappaditya
Published: August 2023

Keeping in view the design of short to medium-span bridges in critical locations such as road/river crossings under the action of oppositely moving high-speed loads, this paper presents a hybrid model for the prediction of dynamic displacement employing a theoretical non-dimensional framework aided by an artificial neural network (ANN). The introduction of such a hybrid model reduces parametric space and time. The feed-forward ANN is implemented to train the comprehensive data set obtained from the non-dimensional theoretical scheme. The dimensionless input to ANN comprises the bridge and load parameters, whereas maximum dynamic displacement is the output parameter. The robustness and efficiency of the proposed surrogate ANN framework in terms of computational efficiency are compared with the conventional mode-superposition method formulated in dimensionless form. The training of test and validated data sets results in best-fit models with optimistic statistical metrics and accuracy [Formula: see text] 6%. Moreover, the sensitivity of different parameters to the displacement response is highlighted using Pearson’s correlation and Quantile–Quantile plots. To incorporate the best-fit models into the design by bypassing the high-fidelity model, a user-friendly interface is developed, confirming the standards of the high-speed rating code (TZY2014-232 2014). Such interfaces have the potential for wide application in the preliminary design of short-to medium-span bridges under opposite moving loads in critical locations such as crossing valleys, rivers, and railroads.
Central exponents of linear stochastic differential-algebraic equations of index 1
Authors: The Nguyen Thi
Published: August 2023

Our aim in this paper is to establish a concept of central exponents of a stochastic differential-algebraic equation (SDAE) of index 1. For this purpose, we introduce the inherent regular stochastic differential equation (SDE) associated with a SDAE of index 1. Then, the central exponents are defined samplewise via the induced two-parameter stochastic flow generated by the inherent regular SDE. We prove that the central exponents are nonrandom and greater than or equal to the Lyapunov exponents.
Entangled kernel of coded information using quantum string
Authors: Eid A. , Metwally N.
Published: August 2023

The possibility of encoding classical string of information into a quantum string via CNOT operation and Hadamard gate is discussed. It has been shown that maximizing/minimizing the quantum correlation of the generated quantum string depends on the values of the initial classical strings. The kernel of each string, as well as, the total string had been examined, where by applying the Hadamard gate on the classical string, one can decrease its similarity as well as the similarity of the total kernel. However, in the absence of the Hadamard gate, the large similarity of the final quantum string has been observed. The kernel of the final quantum string may be used as an indictor of the security degree of the encoded information, where the large degree of security has depicted at small kernel. The high degree of security can be implemented by applying the Hadamard gate on only one classical string.
Advancements in Agricultural Automation: A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence and Humanoid Robotics in Farming
Authors: Arockia Doss Arockia Selvakumar , Jeyabalan Abarna , Rekha Borah Priti , Lingampally Pavan Kalyan , Daniel Schilberg Ing.
Published: August 2023

This paper discusses about the modern techniques implemented in the field of agriculture which shaped the traditional farming to the smart farming (Agriculture 4.0). The rapid rise in the global population is one among the main reasons, besides monitoring of crops health and yield requires a huge labor force, which is also another reason for promoting intelligent systems into agriculture sector. Conventional farming methods are not suitable to meet this demand, which led robotics to associate with on-field agriculture by means of robot-based technologies like wheeled robots, ground vehicles (manned and unmanned) and aerial vehicles (manned and unmanned) that led to explore the possible advancement in agriculture 3.0. Currently, the evolutionary techniques, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and IoT, are implemented in robotic vehicles to make them intelligent systems. Due to unprecedented climatic change and polluted ground water for the past few decades, the crops are being infested with new varieties of diseases. This requires new image processing techniques to classify the diseases based on color, texture and, shape of leaves. The incorporation of image processing technique into AI aids in deciding the appropriate amount of herbicide supplement to the plant based on the prediction of plant growth.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach to Robot Path Tracking in Nonlinear Dynamic Environments
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhou Zebin
Published: August 2023

To address the issue of error-prone and unstable trajectory tracking and dynamic obstacle avoidance of mobile robots in locally observable nonlinear dynamic settings, a deep reinforcement learning (RL)-based visual perception, and decision-making system is proposed. The technique creates a closed loop between the system’s environmental perception and decision-making capabilities by combining the perceptual capabilities of convolutional neural networks with the decision-making capabilities of RL in a generic form. It achieves direct output control from the visual perception input of the environment to the action through end-to-end learning. The simulation results show that this approach is capable of meeting the demands of multi-task intelligent perception and decision making. It also more effectively addresses issues with traditional algorithms, including their tendency to fall into local optimums, oscillate in groups of similar obstacles without recognizing the path, oscillate in tight spaces and inaccessible targets close to obstacles and significantly enhance real-time and adaptability of robot trajectory tracking and dynamic obstacle avoidance.
Accelerated Relaxation Two-Sweep Modulus-Based Matrix Splitting Iteration Method for Linear Complementarity Problems
Authors: Huang Zhengge , Cui Jingjing
Published: August 2023

In this paper, by applying the accelerated technique and relaxation two-sweep strategy to the modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method, we establish the accelerated relaxation two-sweep modulus-based matrix splitting method. The proposed method contains the accelerated modulus-based matrix splitting and the generalized accelerated modulus-based matrix splitting methods presented recently as special cases. Compared with some existing methods, the proposed method can use more information during each iteration, which may lead to higher computational efficiency. We investigate the convergence properties of the new method, and prove that it is convergent under certain assumptions. Also, for the accelerated relaxation two-sweep modulus-based accelerated overrelaxation method, we analyze the convergence regions of the parameters in detail. Numerical examples are offered to show that the proposed method is efficient and performs better than the generalized accelerated modulus-based matrix splitting one in actual implementation.
Alliance Portfolio, Internal Resources, and Innovation Performance of an Agribusiness Public Research Institute: The Embrapa Case
Authors: Polidoro Paula Rodrigues Almeida , de Oliveira Paula Fábio
Published: August 2023

This paper analyzes the phenomenon of open innovation in three Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) units through the interaction of their alliance networks, internal resources, and capabilities through a multiple case study analysis. The results show the importance of open innovation for an agribusiness public research institute because balancing internal and external resources and capabilities improves innovation. A well-structured alliance portfolio helps to mitigate the most relevant internal weaknesses related to the innovation processes, leading to a better innovative capacity. This work finds evidence for the existence of complementarity between internal and external resources and capabilities. However, the organization must present some level of internal capabilities, especially related to innovative culture, if they wish to take full advantage of this complementarity.
Investigation on the stability and quantum phase transition of the charged rotating Kiselev Black Hole embedded in Quintessence field with quantum fluctuation of entropy
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Mayukh , Biswas Ritabrata
Published: August 2023

Immediate local impacts of cosmic acceleration upon a rapidly rotating black hole are very interesting in recent studies. In this paper, the stability of a rapidly rotating black hole and the minimum value of the ratio between the black hole’s angular momentum to it’s mass which ensures the stability, are investigated simultaneously. Also, two modern forms of uncertainty relations are proposed by enhancing the usual Heisenberg algebra with superior terms, in order to supervise on thermodynamic properties of the rotating black hole. An asymptotically flat Kiselev black hole solution, cultivated by quintessence field is chosen for this purpose. The local shifts in spacetime geometry next to the rotating black hole can be resolved from a modified metric, occupying the surrounding spacetime of the black hole. The angular momentum of a rotating black hole depends on the rate of change in acquiring mass by it. On the other hand, at the same time, due to the effect of the quintessence field, there exists repulsive gravitational force inside the black hole. So, there is an uncertainty in the position of innermost stable circular orbit as well as radius of the rotating black hole. This uncertainty is also investigated in our work. Relying on two new forms of uncertainty principle, the modified thermodynamic variables like black hole’s Hawking temperature, heat-capacity, entropy at the black hole’s event horizon, etc. are computed under rotation. Quantum corrections of black hole’s Hawking temperature, entropy, free-energy, etc. are also explored. Further, quantum corrected heat capacity of the rotating black hole is studied and also thermal stability is inquired. The existence of transitions of phase in case of a rapidly rotating black hole are also found out. Again, quantum corrected entropy of black hole contains logarithmic terms and their effects on thermal stability of the rotating black hole are also discussed. Modifications in the mass-temperature, specific heat, etc. of a rotating black hole are also presented according to the modified extension parameters.
Equivariant Bismut Laplacian and spectral Einstein functional
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Yong
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to provide an explicit computation of the equivariant noncommutative residue density of which yield the metric and Einstein tensors on even-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. A considerable contribution of this paper is the development of the spectral Einstein functionals by two vector fields and the equivariant Bismut Laplacian over spinor bundles. We prove the equivariant Dabrowski–Sitarz–Zalecki-type theorems for lower dimensional spin manifolds with (or without) boundary.
Relativistic bound states solutions with a linear combination of Yukawa and deformed Hulthén potentials by path integral approach
Authors: Sadoun Mohamed Ameziane , Adnane Hamza
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present a complete solution for the problem of a relativistic particle without spin, of mass M and charge e, subject to linear combination of the Yukawa and Deformed Hulthén Potentials. In particular, we assess the radial Green’s function for the l states by introducing appropriate approximations of the terms (1/r) and (1/(r)). By choosing an appropriate spacetime transformation, the energy spectrum and the normalized wave functions of the bound states are obtained from the poles of Green’s function and its residues.
Developing Multi-Scale Model for Graphene Cement Nanocomposite: Study of Damage Initiation
Authors: Haghverdian Hamik , Pourbandari Danial , Sahraei Abolfazl Alizadeh , Nasersaeed Hamidreza , Baniassadi Majid , Baghani Mostafa
Published: August 2023

Damage initiation due to the interfacial debonding plays a vital role in the mechanical properties of graphene-reinforced concrete. In this research, multi-scale modeling is exploited to study the effect of volume fraction, aspect ratio, and interaction properties of the multi-layer graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete, assuming perfectly bonded and cohesively bonded interaction between the contact surface of the matrix and the GNPs. The cohesive zone model has been used to observe the debonding behavior and damage initiation between the concrete matrix and nanocomposites for cohesively bonded interaction. The required cohesive zone parameters were estimated based on the previously calculated information on graphene–graphene interactions. The results show that by increasing the volume fraction and aspect ratio of GNP, nanofiller improves the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. In addition, results reveal that interaction properties significantly affect the mechanical properties of graphene-reinforced concrete.
Facile Fabrication of Cu2O/ZnO/GaN Hierarchical Nanostructure by Solution Process for Multiple Band Detection
Authors: Zhao Shiyue , Zhao Liang , Ji Liying , Yan Sixu , Du Shiyu , Yu Naisen
Published: August 2023

In this paper, Cu2O/ZnO/GaN hierarchical nanoarchitectonics was synthesized using a solution process. The hierarchical nanoarchitectonics was assembled from in situ etching and growth Cu2O nanostructures on random distributed ZnO nanotubes/GaN film by hydrothermal process. The device demonstrated multiple wavelength photodetection. It demonstrates that the detector based on Cu2O/ZnO/GaN hierarchical nanoarchitectonics can be used as a low-cost multiple band detection areas.
Design Issues in Intercalation-Doped-Multilayer Graphene Nanoribbon-Based Future Interconnects in Deep Submicron Regime
Authors: Kaur Tajinder , Rai Mayank Kumar , Khanna Rajesh
Published: August 2023

Intercalation-doped multilayer graphene nanoribbon (ID-MLGNR) is a potential contender for future interconnect applications. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of temperature-dependent design issues in ID-MLGNR-based future VLSI interconnects based on a temperature-dependent mean free path (MFP) model incorporating scattering owning to rough edges and defects in GNRs, which consequently reflects the extrinsic temperature-dependent circuit behavior of these interconnects in terms of wire impedance, propagation delay, and power dissipation. It is found that in deep submicron (DSM) regime, at a specific technology node of 14-nm MFP, edge scattering improves by 74% as Fermi energy ([Formula: see text] increases from 0.2 to 0.6, and at a specularity constant, [Formula: see text] for local and intermediate level of interconnects. For similar values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], at global length, this rise in MFP is about 70%, which signifies the significant reduction in resistance (varies inversely to MFP). Whereas, negligible variations are observed in the conductance and inductance of ID-MLGNR interconnects with an increase in temperature. Nevertheless, the reduction in resistance for local & intermediate, and global MLGNR interconnects reflects its low propagation delay and power-delay-product (PDP) for future VLSI ICs applications despite the negligibly poor decrease in power dissipation (with an overall % reduction in the power dissipation from 300[Formula: see text]K to 500[Formula: see text]K evaluated to 3.54% regardless increase in [Formula: see text] from 0.2[Formula: see text]eV to 0.6[Formula: see text]eV).
Optimization of NdFeB Permanent Magnets Configuration for Spinal Cord Drug Delivery
Authors: Mokhtari Fatemeh , Poladian Majid , Shamloo Amir
Published: August 2023

Magnetic drug delivery is an effective method to decrease the side effects of traditional drug delivery methods. To enhance the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticle transport, a precise and cost-effective magnetic system is required. In this research, different arrangements of NdFeB magnets for drug delivery in human spinal cord were presented and then compared. Assummed magnetic nanoparticles are injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and focused on the disease site with external magnets. The effects of these magnets on nanoparticles have been investigated. The results show that the arrangement of sharp magnets has a more accurate performance in delivering nanoparticles to the damage site than other arrangements. The designed magnetic system can improve the accuracy of drug delivery in the spinal cord compared to previous methods.
Graph laplacian regularization with sparse coding in secure image restoration and representation for Internet of Things
Authors: Yogananda G. S. , Ananda Babu J.
Published: August 2023

Image restoration (IR) attempts to recreate the original (ideal) scene from a degraded observation. The goal of image restoration is to avert the process of image deterioration that happens during image acquisition and processing. Blurring and noise are two common types of picture capture degradation. When the blurring function is unknown, the image restoration issue is referred to as blind image restoration. Existing methods of image restoration do not provide efficient results due to time complexity, computational complexity, large-scale scaling factor and limited input. Therefore, in order to overcome those problems, an Improved Graph Laplacian Regularization with Sparse Coding by integrating Internet of Things (IoT) is developed in this research. The process of removing de-noised portions of image to texture layer and cartoon layer is carried out by Morphological Component Analysis (MCA). An improved Graph Laplacian regularized method and Simultaneous Sparse Coding with Gaussian Scale Mixture (SSC-GSM) methods is performed on texture layer, cartoon layer and restored image. A Levin’s dataset and a real-time dataset such as industrial manufacturing products are analyzed in this research. The proposed Graph Laplacian algorithm and sparse coding model are better efficient in identifying sharper texture information and getting a restored image. The proposed method proves that it has better performance in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 35.82 and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) of 0.94 than the existing methods.
Random matrices associated to Young diagrams
Authors: Cunden Fabio Deelan , Ligabò Marilena , Monni Tommaso
Published: August 2023

We consider the singular values of certain Young diagram shaped random matrices. For block-shaped random matrices, the empirical distribution of the squares of the singular eigenvalues converges almost surely to a distribution whose moments are a generalization of the Catalan numbers. The limiting distribution is the density of a product of rescaled independent Beta random variables and its Stieltjes–Cauchy transform has a hypergeometric representation. In special cases we recover the Marchenko–Pastur and Dykema–Haagerup measures of square and triangular random matrices, respectively. We find a further factorization of the moments in terms of two complex-valued random variables that generalizes the factorization of the Marchenko–Pastur law as product of independent uniform and arcsine random variables.
Development of embedded element technique for thermal conduction analysis of carbon fiber composites
Authors: Ouyang Zeyu , Du Chen , Yu Tianyu , Peng Xiongqi
Published: August 2023

The embedded element (EE) technique has been developed in mechanical analysis to overcome the difficulties, such as poor mesh quality or high computational cost, of conventional direct mesh (DM) in finite element modeling of complex geometry. In this paper, the application of EE technique was expanded to thermal conduction analysis, and two new simplified EE modes (EE-Surf and EE-Sgl) were presented for comparison. Meanwhile, the EE technique was combined with the representative volume element, and the issues due to the combination were well addressed. Unidirectional and plain woven composites were selected as the test models for verification of the EE technique. The predictions of the homogenized properties, heat flux patterns and heat flux profiles by the DM and EE methods were compared. The results show that the EE technique is in good agreement with the DM model. Furthermore, the proposed EE-Surf mode, which only constrains the surface nodes of reinforcement domains with the matrix nodes, produces comparable high accuracy and can save computational cost due to the much reduction of constraint equations, compared with the standard EE mode. In addition, the mesh sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the convergence of the results.
Development of UTM Monitoring System Based on Network Remote ID with Inverted Teardrop Detection Algorithm
Authors: Ruseno Neno , Lin Chung-Yan
Published: August 2023

The new regulation of Remote Identification (Remote ID) established by the FAA is predicted which will stimulate the application of Remote ID in UAS traffic management (UTM). Our research is aimed at the development of a UTM monitoring system based on the network Remote ID and the implementation of a new collision detection algorithm based on an inverted teardrop shape area and dynamic detection size. The newly introduced detection shape area in the UTM system could improve flight safety, increase airspace traffic, and provide a clear depiction of UAVs’ movement direction. The monitoring system consists of Remote ID hardware, a cloud database, and a web-based UTM application that runs on a personal laptop computer. A flight test was conducted involving a human pilot flying a quadcopter UAV to analyze the performance of the system and algorithm. The result found that the developed UTM monitoring system produces a reasonable average delay of around 0.94[Formula: see text]s with a standard deviation of 0.2[Formula: see text]s. The new detection algorithm shows a promising result that produces a larger buffer distance between UAVs compared to the circle shape algorithms.
The Role of Quadratic-Linearly Radiating Heat Source with Carreau Nanofluid and Exponential Space-Dependent Past a Cone and a Wedge: A Medical Engineering Application and Renewable Energy
Authors: Mebarek-Oudina Fateh , Dharmaiah G. , Balamurugan K. S. , Ismail A. I. , Saxena Hemlata
Published: August 2023

A mathematical analysis for a steady, incompressible, laminar Carreau nanofluid flow over a porous cone and wedge is considered. The novelty of this research work is to scrutinize an exponential space-dependent Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and quadratic Rosseland approximation effects. Two-phase nanofluid model, i.e., Brownian motion, and thermophoretic effects are included. This study also employs non-linear thermal radiation and convective surface boundary conditions to investigate heat transport phenomena. The Carreau nanofluid boundary layer equations are derived using the standard boundary layer approximations. By applying the similarity transformations, the managing set of partial differential equations (PDEs) becomes a system of connected non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resultant non-linear ODEs are solved numerically utilizing the numerical method, particularly the bvp4c function in MATLAB. The significances of the fluid motion are visualized by sketching several Carreau nanofluid flow’s relevant parameters using graphic outputs. The effects of a wide range of thermophysical variables on liquid properties including velocity, temperature, concentration, skin-friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are investigated and discussed. This study’s findings are compared to previously announced results within a limited range, where strong validation was seen. The results demonstrate that the opposite mechanism is observed with repercussion of Weissenberg number (We) on velocity profile and concentration, the enhancement of We increases the momentum boundary layer while it reduces the concentration boundary layer. The outcomes could be applied to the cooling of equipment, electronics, and various industrial units.
An Approach Towards Low Energy Loss by End-capped Modification of A2–D–A1–D–A2-type Molecules for Tuning the Photovoltaic Properties of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ali Ramsha , Nadeem Sidra , Khera Rasheed Ahmad , AlObaid Abeer A. , Warad Ismail , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Waqas Muhammad
Published: August 2023

In this project, the study is focused on the substitution at determined sites of reference molecule (R) to enhance optoelectronic properties, which might affect the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells. Herein, seven new molecules (M1 to M7) were designed by the modification of the terminal acceptors. The density functional theory was employed to explore optoelectronic properties. Majority of the molecules own exceptional optical properties than reference molecule, for instance, narrow bandgap, low excitation energy, lower binding energies, better oscillator strength and progressive light harvesting efficiency. The density of state, frontier molecular orbitals and transition density matrix diagrams indicated that the charge density transfer occurs from donor to acceptor. Moreover, charge transfer investigations of designed molecules with PTB7-Th complex were performed by analyzing the concentration of charge transfer over molecular orbitals, i.e., highest occupied to lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. Thus, these computed molecules may be employed to develop efficient organic solar cell devices with promising photovoltaic prospects in the near future.
Entropy Generation Analysis on MHD Ag+Cu/Blood Tangent Hyperbolic Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over a Porous Plate
Authors: Reddy S. R. R. , Ramasekhar Gunisetty , Suneetha S. , Jakeer Shaik
Published: August 2023

This study is motivated by the vital role of dissipating thermal energy in the physiological system where energy depletion can lead to severe health complications. These complications encompass a range of issues, including sudden death, anemia, hypothermia, blood pressure fluctuations and the necessity for cardiac surgery. Biomedical engineers and clinicians have recognized the significance of analyzing entropy generation to quantify energy loss in biological systems. Furthermore, this study acknowledges the importance of understanding the thermodynamic state of entropy generation, particularly in evaluating cancer cells during chemotherapy treatment and enhancing heat transfer in tissues. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid near a heat source and thermal radiation as it flows over a porous plate. The research methodology utilizes the MATLAB program bvp4c for solving the momentum and temperature equations. These equations are subsequently transformed into ordinary differential equations using the appropriate self-similarity variables. An elevation in the heat source parameter leads to heightened internal energy of liquid particles, resulting in an increase in temperature. Additionally, the magnetic field parameter is directly proportional to the entropy generation; as it increases, so does the entropy generation. Moreover, nanoparticles, owing to their high surface area-to-volume ratio, have the capacity to hinder heat transport within the fluid. The specific application of this study lies in the field of biomedical engineering and clinical practices. The findings can contribute to developing advanced heat-transfer techniques for medical applications, such as improving chemotherapy treatments for cancer cells and enhancing tissue heat-transfer efficiency. Moreover, using silver and copper nanoparticles as heat-transfer agents could hold promise in treating blood-related health conditions and facilitating the healing of injured tissue.
Internet Use and Gender Role Attitudes: Evidence from China
Authors: Ma Xinxin
Published: August 2023

The progress in information and communication technology since the 1970s has expanded Internet use and promoted economic development worldwide. Although empirical studies have revealed that social norms change with economic and social development, empirical evidence regarding the association between Internet use and gender role attitudes (GRA) remains scant. Using four-wave national longitudinal data from China Family Panel Studies of 2010-2020 and panel data analysis methods (the model with lagged variables, random effect and fixed-effect models) to address endogeneity issues, this study investigates the impact of Internet use on GRAs in China. The results indicate that Internet use significantly reduces the likelihood of holding inegalitarian GRA, and the robustness checks confirm this finding. The effect of Internet use varies depending on the type of GRA, with a more significant effect observed for the attitude that “a man should focus on work while a woman should focus on family” and “marrying well is better than working well for a woman.” Moreover, the reduction of inegalitarian GRA through Internet use is more pronounced among disadvantaged groups (the low-education group, the older generation, the residents in less-developed regions, and the rural residents) than among their counterparts.
Predator–prey ecological system with group defense and anti-predator traits of the preys: Synergies between two important ecological actions
Authors: Kaushik Rajat , Banerjee Sandip
Published: August 2023

During smart anti-predator adaptations, preys use their size, fleeing capability and herd in their evolutionary tug-of-war with the predators. Predator–prey ecology is teeming with such examples where predators can be defeated or even killed by the group of victims, that is, preys, banding together. In this paper, we focus on a stage-structured predator–prey model with herd behavior and anti-predator phenomenon that results in the lesser ecological opportunities for predation in the presence of the smart anti-predatory constraints. It is our purpose in this paper to illustrate the combined effects of the herd behavior and anti-predator strategy on the predator–prey ecology. By constructing the model equations, we present an analytical study of the system and the occurrence of Hopf and transcritical bifurcation for the anti-predator rate as a bifurcation parameter. Conditions for co-existence under global stable interior equilibrium as well as permanence region for the survival of all species is adequately discussed. Also, the extinction of predators is explored via numerical simulations, that is, the prey population survives successfully in the habitat due to their defense mechanism and anti-predator behavior. In order to better understand the role of anti-predator traits in predator–prey system with square root functional response, we compare the theoretical and numerical results of the proposed model with a similar predator–prey system having Holling type-I functional response. Our findings show that the predator–prey dynamics under prey’s herd behavior and anti-predator tactics can have large influence on shifting the paradigm of predator–prey relationship by turning the predator–prey dynamics into the prey dominant dynamics, which is indeed, due to the smart synergy between both ecological actions. When underdog, sticking together, fights back, that would be a headache to deal with, no matter how menacing the predator is.
Multifunctional Properties of Ocimum sanctum Linn Leaves Mediated Synthesis of Nanoceria
Authors: Munirathnam R. , Vidya Y. S. , Manjunatha H. C. , Manjunatha S. , Sridhar K. N. , Seenappa L. , Veera Rethina Murugan S. , Thirunavukkarasu V. , Pavithra G. , Sadashivamurthy B.
Published: August 2023

For the first time, CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via green solution combustion method using Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) leaves extract as a reducing agent. The as-formed and calcined (500∘C for 3[Formula: see text]h) CeO2 NPs were characterized with different techniques. The Bragg reflections clearly indicate that the formation of cubic fluorite structure with crystallite size was found to be 10[Formula: see text]nm. The surface morphology of as-formed and calcined sample is made up of large number of irregular shaped NPs. However, agglomeration of the NPs is more in calcined sample. The estimated direct energy band gap from Tauc’s relation was found to be 2.92[Formula: see text]eV and 2.87[Formula: see text]eV for the as-formed and calcined sample, respectively. Photoluminescence spectra, CIE and CCT values clearly indicate that the present nanophosphor might find an application in display technology. Antifungal and anticancer studies show that CeO2 NPs are noncytotoxic against fungus and cancerous cells. Whereas, electrochemical studies show that the synthesized CeO2 NPs show redox peaks and pseudo capacitance and hence it finds importance in supercapacitor applications.
mmHSV: In-Air Handwritten Signature Verification via Millimeter-Wave Radar
Authors: Li Wanqing , He Tongtong , Jing Nan , Wang Lin
Published: August 2023

Electronic signatures are widely used in financial business, telecommuting, and identity authentication. Offline electronic signatures are vulnerable to copy or replay attacks. Contact-based online electronic signatures are limited by indirect contact such as handwriting pads and may threaten the health of users. Consider combining hand shape features and writing process features to form electronic signatures, the article proposes an in-air handwritten signature verification system with millimeter-wave(mmWave) radar, namely mmHSV. First, the biometrics of the handwritten signature process are modeled, and phase-dependent biometrics and behavioral features are extracted from the mmWave radar mixture signal. Secondly, a handwritten feature recognition network based on few-sample learning is presented to fuse multi-dimensional features and determine user legitimacy. Finally, mmHSV is implemented and evaluated with commercial mmWave devices in different scenarios and attack mode conditions. Experimental results show that the mmHSV can achieve accurate, efficient, robust and scalable handwritten signature verification. Area Under Curve (AUC) is 98.96%, False Acceptance Rate (FAR) is 5.1% at the fixed threshold, AUC is 97.79% for untrained users.
IL-17: Balancing Protective Immunity and Pathogenesis
Authors: Sun Lu , Wang Lufei , Moore Bethany B. , Zhang Shaoping , Xiao Peng , Decker Ann M. , Wang Hom-Lay
Published: August 2023

The biological role of interleukin 17 (IL-17) has been explored during recent decades and identified as a pivotal player in coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses. Notably, IL-17 functions as a double-edged sword with both destructive and protective immunological roles. While substantial progress has implicated unrestrained IL-17 in a variety of infectious diseases or autoimmune conditions, IL-17 plays an important role in protecting the host against pathogens and maintaining physiological homeostasis. In this review, we describe canonical IL-17 signaling mechanisms promoting neutrophils recruitment, antimicrobial peptide production, and maintaining the epithelium barrier integrity, as well as some noncanonical mechanisms involving IL-17 that elicit protective immunity.
SecTKG: A Knowledge Graph for Open‐Source Security Tools
Authors: Sun Siqi , Huang Cheng , Wu Tiejun , Shen Yi
Published: August 2023

As the complexity of cyberattacks continues to increase, multistage combination attacks have become the primary method of attack. Attackers plan and organize a series of attack steps, using various attack tools to achieve specific goals. Extracting knowledge about these tools is of great significance for both defense and tracing of attacks. We have noticed that there is a wealth of security tool‐related knowledge within the open‐source community, but research in this area is limited. It is challenging to achieve large‐scale automated security tool information extraction. To address this, we propose automated knowledge graph construction architecture, named SecTKG, for open‐source security tools. Our approach involves designing a security tool ontology model to describe tools, users, and relationships, which guides the extraction of security tool knowledge. In addition, we develop advanced entity recognition and classification methods, ensuring efficient and accurate knowledge extraction. As far as we know, this work is the first to construct the large‐scale security tool knowledge graph, containing 4 million entities and 10 million relationships. Furthermore, we investigate the tendencies and particularities of security tools based on the SecTKG and developed a security tool influence‐measuring application. The research fills a gap in the field of automated security tools’ knowledge extraction and provides a foundation for future research and practical applications.