bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Bajakah Wood Extract (Spatholobus Littoralis Hassk) From South Kalimantan against Candida Albicans ATCC 10231
Authors:   Dental Conservation Department Prof. Dr. Moestopo (B) University, Pesanggrahan, Jakarta 12330, Indonesia, Permatasari Rina , Riyanto Mutiara Azhar ,   Faculty of Dentistry Prof. Dr. Moestopo (B) University, Pesnaggrahan, Jakarta 12330, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

Root canal treatment (RCT) is a procedure performed to remove inflamed or infected pulp tissue. Candida albicans is the most pathogenic type of fungus found in the oral cavity, accounting for 80%. Bajakah wood (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) contains antifungal components such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This research is to determine the antifungal effectiveness of Bajakah wood (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) against Candida albicans. This research is an experimental laboratory study using the dilution method in the laboratory. A total of 20 samples of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 cultures in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth medium were tested. The treatment variations of Bajakah wood were concentrations of 50%, 75%, 100%, and 2.5% NaOCl (K+) with 5 repetitions. The results showed that the average number of fungal growths at 50% concentration was 387, at 75% concentration it was 449.4, while at 100% concentration it was 2.4, and in the positive control it was 1. Data analysis using the Kruskal-Wallistest showed significant differences (p<0.05) across all treatment groups. It can be concluded that Bajakah wood at 100% concentration has the highest antifungal content and is effective in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans.
Eficacia de un programa de empoderamiento académico en el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad pública de Perú
Authors: Flores Paredes Alcides , Inca Huacasi Héctor Hugo , Gutiérrez Diaz César Armando , Yucra Huanca Elvia Rocio , Ari Cosi Alex Salomón , Bustinza Choquehuanca Sonia Agley , Chambi Carita Jasmani Juvin
Published: December 2024

La universidad es fundamental para la formación de competencias académicas, donde los docentes juegan un papel crucial en el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en los estudiantes. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la eficacia de un programa de empoderamiento académico en el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en estudiantes de pregrado de la Escuela Profesional de Educación Física de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano en 2024. El estudio fue de tipo aplicado y utilizó un diseño pre-experimental. La población estuvo compuesta por 441 estudiantes, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de 25 (6 mujeres y 19 varones, con una edad promedio de 22.18 ± 3.56 años). La técnica utilizada fue la observación. Los instrumentos fueron el programa de empoderamiento y un cuestionario de habilidades investigativas, con una confiabilidad de alfa de Cronbach de 0.89. Se aplicaron pruebas de pre y post test al grupo experimental. Los resultados mostraron un cambio significativo en los niveles de habilidades investigativas. En el pretest, el 48% de los estudiantes se ubicó en el nivel bajo, el 52% en el medio, y el 0% en el alto. En el post test, el 0% permaneció en el nivel bajo, el 16% en el medio, y el 84% alcanzó el nivel alto. La prueba t para muestras emparejadas mostró un valor de p < 0.00 con un nivel de confianza del 95%, evidenciando diferencias significativas. Se concluye que el programa de empoderamiento académico tiene efectos significativos en el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas, como lo evidencian las diferencias de medias obtenidas.
Análisis psicométrico de tests de fitness muscular y propuesta de batería de tests para Educación Física en Educación Primaria
Authors: Vanaclocha-Amat Pepe , Valle Muñoz Victor Manuel , Molina-García Javier , Villa-González Emilio
Published: December 2024

Introducción y Objetivos: La inactividad física y los bajos niveles de fitness muscular son cada vez más comunes en niños y adolescentes, especialmente después de las restricciones ocasionadas del COVID-19. Esto suscita la necesidad de evaluar el fitness muscular como componente de la condición física vinculado a la salud en esta población, sin embargo, no existe una batería exclusiva adaptada para las clases de Educación Física. Por ello, en este estudio se realiza un análisis psicométrico de diferentes tests para evaluar el fitness muscular en niños de 6 a 12 años y se propone una batería integral adaptada al contexto escolar. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de tests de fitness muscular teniendo en cuenta artículos de revisión sistemática y meta-análisis de los últimos 20 años. De los 28 tests iniciales, 14 cumplieron los criterios de validez y fiabilidad tras una búsqueda en bases diversas bases de datos como Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed y Google Scholar. Finalmente, se puntuaron los 14 tests atendiendo a su validez, fiabilidad, viabilidad por coste-eficacia para el contexto escolar y adaptabilidad inclusiva. Finalmente, se seleccionaron 6 tests considerados integrales (≥0.75). Resultados: Se propone una batería integral con 6 tests: fuerza de prensión manual, salto de longitud desde parado a pies juntos, flexiones, sentadillas a dos piernas, abdominales curl-up y lanzamiento de balón medicinal. Conclusión: La batería propuesta facilita la evaluación del fitness muscular en niños, permitiendo a los docentes diseñar programas adaptados, realizar un seguimiento del progreso y promover la concienciación sobre la salud.
Análisis de la autoeficacia y competencias de profesores de educación física chilenos para la inclusión de niños con discapacidad
Authors: Muñoz Hinrichsen Fernando Ignacio , Socias Marfan Macarena , Pérez Contreras Jorge , Vega Lagos Isidora , Grassi Roig Mauro , Pérez Tejero Javier
Published: December 2024

Introducción: La autoeficacia de los profesores de Educación Física parece ser un factor clave para la inclusión exitosa de estudiantes con discapacidad en clases regulares. A pesar de esto, muchos profesores afirman que no están lo suficientemente preparados para implementar sesiones de Educación Física inclusivas con estudiantes con discapacidad.
Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los efectos de un programa de formación continua de profesores, denominado Deporte Inclusivo en la Escuela, sobre sus competencias y autoeficacia como determinantes del proceso de inclusión de niñas, niños y adolescentes en entornos educativos chilenos
Metodología: Un total de 76 profesores fueron reclutados para participar voluntariamente en este estudio. Se adoptó un diseño cuasi experimental sin grupo control y medidas pre y post test. 
Resultados: Los resultados mostraron un aumento significativo en las subescalas de Autoeficacia para la inclusión de estudiantes con Discapacidad intelectual p<.001, física p=.002 y visual p<0.001. También diferencias en competencias respecto a uso de tareas p=.006, adaptación de especificaciones curriculares p=.029, fase pre-activa de la sesión p=.024 e interacción en la sesión p=.041
Discusión: Estos hallazgos muestran que la formación del profesorado de Educación Física podría ser determinante en el proceso de inclusión de niños y adolescentes con necesidades educativas en las clases de educación física.
Conclusiones: Esto vislumbra más oportunidades para seguir impulsando programas de formación, así como conseguir incorporar esta temática en los currículos de las escuelas que aspiren a seguir políticas educativas en materia de inclusión.
AKTIVITAS HIPNOTIK-SEDATIVA SEDIAAN GRANUL EFFERVESCENT EKSTRAK AKAR PAKIS TANGKUR (POLYPODIUM FEEI., METT) PADA MENCIT GALUR SWISS WEBSTER
Authors:   Universitas Garut, Suwandi Deden , Hamdani Siva ,   Universitas Garut, Oktavianti Suci ,   Universitas Garut, Fajar Firdaus Muhammad ,   Universitas Garut, Auliasari Nurul ,   Universitas Garut
Published: December 2024

Akar pakis tangkur merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang secara tradisional berkhasiat sebagai obat hipertensi, nyeri pinggang/reumatik serta dapat meningkatkan stamina pria. Pengujian toksisitas ekstrak akar pakis tangkur bersifat depresan dengan menurunkan aktivitas motoric dan jumlah jengukan hewan percobaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis efektif sebagai hipnotik-sedatif serta membuat formulasi sediaan granul effervescent yang mengandung ekstrak akar pakis tangkur. Metode penelitian ini adalah pengujian hipnotik-sedatif ekstrak akar pakis tangkur dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kgb dengan parameter jumlah jatuh mencit pada rotaroad, onset tidur, serta durasi tidur mencit. Dosis yang paling baik diformulasikan sebagai sediaan granul effervescent dengan variasi konsentrasi asam sitrat dan asam tartrat. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa semua dosis uji memiliki aktivitas hipnotik-sedatif yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan jumlah jatuh, penurunan onset tidur, serta peningkatan waktu tidur pada dosis 400 mg/kgbb sebagai aktivitas terkuat. Sediaan granul effervescent, dimana formula II menunjukkan aktivitas yang sama sebagai hipnotik sedatif terhadap mencit jantan galur swiss webster. Berdasarkan pengujian ini menunjukkan sediaan granul effervencent ekstrak akar pakis tangkur dosis 400mg/kgbb memiliki aktivitas hipnotik-sedatif berupa penurunan jumlah jatuh dan onset tidur, serta peningkatan waktu tidur hewan yang berbeda bermakna terhadap kontrol positif (p<0,05).
Efeitos da interiorização do ensino superior da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas
Authors:   , Brasil Daynir Perêa Muniz
Published: December 2024

A política de interiorização visa democratizar o acesso à educação superior, promovendo o desenvolvimento regional, além da capital. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação teve como objetivo analisar a política de interiorização da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) e seus efeitos no desenvolvimento regional e municipal do Amazonas. Para responder aos objetivos propostos, foi utilizada uma abordagem mista, com técnica qualitativa e quantitativa, combinando dados secundários provenientes de banco de dados públicos de instituições como o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e o Instituto Nacional de Estudos, Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) e Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA); dados primários obtidos por meio de questionários aplicados junto à comunidade acadêmica e entrevistas com atores locais e funcionários da UEA do Centro de Tabatinga–AM. Para análise dos dados, foram utilizados testes não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney e Qui-quadrado (?2). Todos os procedimentos planejados, desde a coleta de dados até a análise e a divulgação dos resultados, foram realizados conforme as normas regulamentares estabelecidas pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP), com Certificado de Apresentação de Apreciação Ética – CAAE n.° 75885423.6.0000.5153, a fim de garantir a integridade e a ética do processo de pesquisa, assegurando a proteção dos direitos e o bem-estar dos participantes envolvidos. A pesquisa justifica-se pela relevância social e acadêmica do tema, especialmente em uma região com significativa vulnerabilidade socioeconômica como o Amazonas. Os dados da pesquisa sugerem uma relação entre a interiorização da UEA e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e educacional dos municípios onde a instituição está presente. Embora outras variáveis possam ter contribuído para o progresso local, a presença da universidade se destaca como um fator relevante, oferecendo acesso à educação superior promovendo a capacitação profissional, contribuindo para a geração de empregos diretos e indiretos,fortalecendo o comércio local e o aumento de renda nas comunidades onde está inserida. Palavras-chave: interiorização da educação; desenvolvimento regional; desenvolvimento municipal; educação superior; universidade; amazonas; tabatinga–am.
Hierarchical Management of AI for Automated Monitoring and Query Resolution
Authors:   University of Arizona, USA, Vadlapati Praneeth
Published: December 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their abilities in understanding text and answering questions by processing text queries. LLMs have
demonstrated their capabilities across a wide range of applications. However, there are concerns regarding potential biases and ethical concerns from
the LLMs, creating questions regarding the trustworthiness of such systems, particularly in critical domains and for end-users. This paper introduces a
hierarchical LLM architecture, where queries are first handled by a small LLM and escalated to a large LLM if the small model declares a lack of confidence.
The paper further introduces an LLM monitoring framework where large models moderate the behavior of small models by logging the unexpected
behavior that includes potential biases and ethical concerns. Hierarchical monitoring facilitates the administrators who monitor the behavior. Small LLMs
are selected since they consume fewer resources and ensure cost-efficient responses. The new approach mitigates the limitations of small LLMs and opens
up new possibilities. This approach combines cost-efficient computation with robust monitoring and opens up new possibilities for the ethical use of AI.
The experiments successfully validated the approach by showing significant improvements in safety and accuracy. The source code is available at github.
com/Pro-GenAI/AI-Hierarchy
Personalized Care Planning for Medicaid Patients with AI
Authors:   USA, Mhatre Anand Laxman
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence is increasingly being deployed in the healthcare sector. Healthcare providers are exploiting the technology in patient engagement,
telehealth services, and provision of personalized services. Despite the widespread use of AI in healthcare, Medicaid management has yet to start using
the technology for personalized care planning. This piece of writing discusses issues in Medicaid planning for personalized care and explores how AI can
enable Medicaid management to support the delivery of personalized care.
Future-Proof Networks: NFV’S Role In 5g and Beyond
Authors: Saniya biju  , Adithya prasad  , Gowri V Nair  , Karthikamol P S  , Diya Deepak  , Saritha N pillai
Published: December 2024

Riding the wave of the multifaceted rapid change in communication technologies and universal deployment of 5G, Network Functions Virtualization, or NFV, has emerged as a disruptive framework for adaptable, scalable, and cost-efficient networks. This can be because NFV decouples network functions from specialized hardware, affording the flexibility that addresses growing demands in ultra-reliable low-latency communications, enhanced mobile broadband, and massive machine-type communications. These capabilities are essential for meeting 5G’s requirements and preparing for the more complex challenges anticipated with 6G. As 6G transition begins, the role of NFV has to be reassessed in order to meet the increased challenges for ultra-low latency, massive connectivity, and unprecedented network reliability. This paper considers the ability of NFV to evolve with new networking standards by unpacking its potentials, limitations, and opportunities for improvement. This research determines factors critical to the scalability, flexibility, and efficiency of NFV in various network scenarios through simulations, case studies, and performance metric analyses. In doing this, it raises the need for advancing NFV architecture to stay relevant. Rather than only looking at current applications, this work addresses new future needs and maybe even answers issues for future stringent network standards that do not compromise on profitability. Such insights will be useful for developing future-proof infrastructures, positioning NFV as a cornerstone in nextgeneration networks such as 6G and beyond.
SOCIO-CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF BRAND DRAMATURGY: PRODUCTION HISTORY AS A CONDITION OF BRANDING
Authors: PAVLOVA E.V. , SINETSKIY S.B.
Published: December 2024

The article examines one of the trends in the formation of modern image culture - a culture that is becoming the basis of modern branding. Despite the relatively recent emergence of the brand phenomenon in Russia, its influence on the life of society is great. And, for the successful development and positioning of oneself, one's business in the modern space, knowledge of not just the history of branding development is required, but also study, analytics, and the creation of new brand strategies that include emerging social trends. One of the leading trends of the 21st century is considered to be culture-centric changes, which often have the nature of challenges. Culture-centricity materializes in special practices that create new, specifically organized realities. One of these practices is dramaturgy, the meaning of which is to create a special artistic reality. Any object that falls into dramatic treatment appears in aform adapted for the consumer. The purpose of this study was to examine the staged nature of branding and its dramatic basis. During the work, a comparative analysis of the production of performances and the process of creating branding was carried out. It is shown that a competitive brand is an independent dramatic work created and performed in real time. A similar core of basic and additional elements in dramaturgy, stage production and branding has been identified. It is separately shown that the staged nature of branding processes includes its main elements: philosophy, pragmatics, symbolism. However, it is important that the staging process includes the seemingly objective basis of the brand - its history. Attention is focused on the importance of the approach to branding from the position of the staging process. The competitiveness of a brand is ensured by gaining trust and, as a result, the desire to possess.
THE PROVOCATIVE FUNCTION OF ABSURD IN MODERN CULTURE: PREPOSTEROUSNESS AS A MEANS OF ACHIEVEMENT OF SUCCESS
Authors: SOKOVIKOV S.S.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the manifestations of the absurd in its provocative meanings. The main attention is paid to the purposeful use of absurd structures to achieve utilitarian-pragmatic, mercantile goals. It is shown that in modern culture such a behavioral strategy is becoming increasingly common, allowing one to achieve success in life through the applied exploitation of the absurd. At the same time, its productive, creative aspects are emasculated. Preposterousness is a priori deprived of its semantic potential, becoming an arbitrarily constructed tool for gaining status that effectively promotes success. Instrumentally understood preposterousness is most clearly and fully embodied in the phenomenon of a subculture of freaks who cultivate deliberately shocking images and forms of behavior. The provocative brightness of such practices forms a wide audience, which acts as a breeding ground for the growth of “instrumental preposterousness”. At the same time, the stealthiness of the pragmatic targets of its provocative impact makes it possible to interpret this phenomenon as the heir of carnival traditions, modern highly spiritual foolishness, etc.,which, in essence, leads to disorientation in assessing its real functional and semantic meaning. At the same time, such a phenomenon is objectively irreducible,tangibly effective and cannot be reduced solely to a positive or negative model. Subject to an accurate understanding of its substantive characteristics and real potential, such specific practices can take their rightful place in the structure of sociocultural existence, without leading to misconceptions and critical disharmony.Thus, the purpose of the presented article is to characterize the phenomenon of “instrumental preposterousness” from the standpoint of the motivation of its subjects, the features of its implementation and the resulting effects.
INFLUENCE AND DISCUSSION: CHINESE YOUTH INTERNET SUBCULTURE AND DOMINANT CULTURE
Authors: ZHANG H. , DOBREITSINA L.E.
Published: December 2024

In China, the interaction between youth Internet subcultures and the dominant culture has reached a new stage of development. Based on Danmu’s videos and comments on the Bilibili website, this paper examines the relationship between Chinese youth Internet subculture and dominant culture by analysing the New Year party held on this website, the videos released by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth Union of China, and the comments, and draws the following conclusions: under the call and guidance of the dominant culture, youth groups are no longer confined to their original niche subcultural circles, they add elements of positive energy such as patriotism, and show a certain tendency towards the dominant culture. Members of the dominant culture also takethe initiative to break down barriers and use the symbols of the youth Internet subculture to get youth groups to adopt the values and cultural concepts of the dominant society. Both cultures have gone from erecting barriers of opposition at the initial stage to actively approaching, discussing and interacting with each other, and the mutual reconciliation between the youth Internet subculture and the dominant culture gradually forms a balanced and harmonious mode of living together - the two cultures influence each other and develop separately, cautiously interact and boldly innovate. This study identifies the types of youth Internet subcultures in China, and the findings enrich the research ideas of the relationship between subcultures and dominant cultures, have certain theoretical significance as well as practical significance for the management and good development of youth Internet subcultures in China.
Building a suicide perception scale from a dynamic point of view, on a sample of drug addicts. A field study at the Al-Waseet Center for drug addicts - in the city of Chlef
Authors: Kachouche Saber  , Yamna Smaili
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to construct a scale for suicide ideation from a dynamic perspective among drug addicts, verify its psychometric properties, and then identify differences in suicide ideation between genders. The study was conducted on a sample of 45 male and female drug addicts, 39 males and 6 females, at the Al-Wasit Center for Drug Addicts in Chlef city. After collecting the study data and conducting appropriate statistical analyses, a suicide ideation scale was developed based on Karl Menninger's (dynamic) concept, with good validity and reliability, making it reliable for scientific studies and research. There were significant differences between genders in suicide ideation, favoring males.
Exploring Community Engagement Initiatives: Understanding the PUP Community
Authors: Arante Raven Joshua D. , Casil Carl John Rhay C. , Obar Josh Alexis V.
Published: December 2024

Community engagement in the Philippines has its major barriers regarding communication and implementation of strategies between the beneficiaries and implementing organizations including universities. A very serious issue that is observed is the absence of knowledge about the correct methods to engage the communities and as such interventions fail. Other problems include implementation problems, limited access to facilities, lack of funding to support programs, and appointment of officials who may not adequately meet the needs of the community. This research fills these gaps by establishing whom the various stakeholders may be who are not being catered to by current information systems, what their needs may be, and what they can offer. The focus of the study lies with the educational institutions in relation to the establishment of adequate communication plans; moreover, the research explores the live-limitation factors of sustainable projects. In this regard, the research seeks to improve on the levels of decision-making on the programs as well as facilitating participatory community engagement in university extension. In particular, it looks at the those key stakeholders in line with the organisation’s management to fit the requirements for sustainable community engagement initiatives, communication channels that currently exist, and factors that may hinder sustainability of community engagement.
Implementación de un sistema antimalware inteligente para detección de enlaces maliciosos en códigos QR
Authors: Huamanchumo Trujillo Francisco Gerardo , Campos Gamarra Alejandro Roman , Guevara Saldaña Rodrigo Alonso , Mendoza De Los Santos Alberto Carlos
Published: December 2024

El aumento del uso de códigos QR en diversos sectores ha facilitado la transferencia de información, pero también ha expuesto a los usuarios a nuevas amenazas cibernéticas, como el quishing, una variante del phishing que utiliza estos códigos para redirigir a sitios maliciosos. Ante este problema, el estudio tuvo como objetivo implementar un sistema antimalware que emplea aprendizaje automático junto con la API de VirusTotal para analizar y clasificar enlaces embebidos en códigos QR en tiempo real. La metodología se estructuró en cuatro etapas: captura y decodificación de códigos QR mediante OpenCV, análisis de URLs extraídas utilizando la API de VirusTotal, emisión de alertas preventivas según la clasificación del enlace y evaluación del desempeño con un conjunto de datos de 100 códigos QR (50 seguros y 50 maliciosos). Los resultados mostraron una precisión del 100 %, una sensibilidad del 95 % y un tiempo de respuesta promedio de 48,95 ms. No se detectaron falsos positivos y se observó un bajo número de falsos negativos, aunque algunos códigos quedaron clasificados como inciertos debido a la falta de información en VirusTotal. Se concluye que el sistema es una herramienta adecuada y adaptable para prevenir ataques de quishing, con potencial para su implementación en aplicaciones móviles y sistemas de pago, y posibles expansiones a otras tecnologías de codificación visual.
A Study on Analysis of Numerical Methods
Authors: Prof. Kute Babasaheb Gopalrao
Published: December 2024

The present work reveals that numerical analysis is a branch of Mathematics that deals with devising efficient methods for obtaining numerical solutions to difficult Mathematical problems. We conducted this research paper by observing the different types of reviews, as well as conducting and evaluating literature review papers. Numerical analysis is mathematics which has developed efficient methods for obtaining numerical solutions to difficult mathematical problems. Most of the mathematical problems that arise in science and engineering are very difficult and sometimes impossible to solve properly. The method of numerical analysis is being used mainly in the fields of mathematics and computer science and is continuously creating and applying algorithms to solve numerical problems of mathematics
A Survey on the Barriers Faced by School Students in the Learning Process
Authors: Ms. Saanvi Vikram Thorgule
Published: December 2024

This research paper discusses the barriers faced by school students in the learning process. Several factors contribute to these barriers, including a demotivating environment at school and home, distractions from gadgets, phobias of certain subjects, distractions in the study environment, unattractive teaching methods, and fear of examinations, talkative behavior, and more. Sometimes, students lack motivation from both school and parents, which decreases their ability to learn. The objective of this research paper is to identify the barriers to learning faced by school students and provide effective solutions for a smoother learning process. The researcher suggests that meditation is an effective way to prevent mental instability and alleviate these challenges. Additionally, unattractive teaching methods can contribute to these barriers; therefore, teachers should adopt engaging teaching methods such as PPTs, group discussions, and educational games. Data was collected from school students, specifically those in grades 5 through 12, and the researcher found that most students face difficulties in mathematics
A Review on 3D Printing Technology Used in Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Ms. Latika Vishnu Dhawade  , Mr. Dipak S. Tonchar
Published: December 2024

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) makes it possible to create a variety of geometries using computer-aided design with various materials and procedures for intended uses, such pharmaceutical drug delivery systems. Despite the fact that 3D printing was patented in 1986, 3DP research did not gain traction until the past 10 years. The expectations of regulatory bodies, constraints, challenges in setting up such facilities for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical goods, benefits, drawbacks, uses, techniques, and related manufacturing hazards are all presented here. FDA. When compared to conventional drug preparation methods, 3D printing technology offers substantial benefits for customized drug production, making it simple to create preparations with intricate structures or drug release characteristics and enabling quick production of tiny quantities of medications. It also offers a thorough analysis of the state of this platform's research and development at the moment. The present review aims to provide an overview of the benefits, limitations, and uses of 3D printing in pharmaceutical technology by outlining several techniques (such as thermal ink jet printing, ink jet printing, fused deposition modeling, extrusion 3D printing, zip dose, hot melt extrusion, 3D printer, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, laser-based writing system, continuous layer interface production, and powder-based 3D printing). [15]
evaluación educativa vista desde el racionalismo y el empirismo
Authors: González Pardo Heidy Yojana , Bastidas Arandia Diana María , Gamba Mateus Yeny Liliana
Published: December 2024

El presente ensayo examina la influencia del racionalismo y el empirismo en la adquisición del conocimiento y la evaluación educativa, utilizando una revisión documental con énfasis en René Descartes y John Locke. Organizado en cuatro partes, se destaca la perspectiva racionalista en el aprendizaje y la contraposición empirista de Locke, resaltando la experiencia sensorial. Se explora la evaluación desde una perspectiva histórica y conceptual, concluyendo en la importancia de estas corrientes en los procesos académicos, especialmente en la evaluación, donde confluyen aspectos fundamentales como la esencia
del ser. Se argumenta que el racionalismo enfatiza la razón y la lógica, mientras que el empirismo prioriza la experiencia sensorial; subrayando la importancia de la evaluación formativa y la retroalimentación para mejorar el aprendizaje, considerando los conocimientos previos y la trazabilidad del estudiante. Por último, destaca la necesidad de una evaluación integral que incorpore aspectos morales y éticos para cultivar valores y actitudes en el individuo. Esta interacción entre el racionalismo y el empirismo enriquece la educación al fusionar la reflexión y la experiencia sensorial.
Hacia una educación matemática inclusiva
Authors: Quiñones Holguín María Eugenia
Published: December 2024

Este artículo explora la educación matemática inclusiva para estudiantes con déficit de atención en el nivel de educación media. El objetivo es analizar estrategias, desafíos y oportunidades para lograr una inclusión efectiva de estos estudiantes en la educación matemática. Mediante una revisión de literatura reciente (2019-2023), se examinan las perspectivas actuales sobre el déficit de atención en la educación matemática, la formación docente, las estrategias pedagógicas adaptadas, la flexibilidad curricular y la colaboración entre actores educativos. Los resultados revelan una evolución hacia enfoques más humanizadores, reconociendo a estos estudiantes como pensadores matemáticos capaces. Se identifica la necesidad crítica de formación docente especializada y la implementación de estrategias pedagógicas que incluyan tecnología, actividades lúdicas y enfoques multisensoriales. La flexibilidad curricular y la contextualización emergen como elementos clave para el éxito. Se destaca la importancia de un enfoque colaborativo que involucre a docentes, familias e instituciones. La investigación futura debe abordar la eficacia de estrategias específicas y explorar enfoques innovadores. Se concluye que una educación matemática verdaderamente inclusiva requiere un esfuerzo multifacético que transforme no
solo las prácticas pedagógicas, sino también las concepciones sobre el aprendizaje y el potencial matemático de todos los estudiantes.
Educación universitaria disruptiva
Authors: Campos Medina María Auxiliadora
Published: December 2024

La educación universitaria es una plataforma propulsora de saberes, de transformación e innovación, llamada a aceptar los desafíos de la cibersociedad. La irrupción de la Inteligencia Artificial en las universidades, requiere de un académico, desde ahora llamado trans-asesor, capaz de redimensionar el proceso cognoscente, así permear habilidades de adaptación a los vertiginosos cambios sociales debido al avance tecnológico. La Andragogía, modelo de estrategias de autogestión para el individuo en edad adulta, trasciende hacia un nuevo enfoque llamado heutagogía, para la autodeterminación y promoción del aprendizaje permanente, enmarcado en la disrupción de la Inteligencia Artificial, iluminada por la transcomplejidad, metamodelo que insta a plantear posturas emergentes para humanizar el abrazo de la tecnología embricada en la multidiversidad de saberes. El prisma intencional de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el impacto de la Inteligencia Artificial en las universidades desde la ética transcompleja. El soporte metodológico se acoge la hermenéutica reflexiva. La fundamentación teórica se apoya en la epistemología de la transcomplejidad. Se concluye que el transasesor es un cristal que filtra la integración del trípode hombre-tecnología-moral a la luz de la ética transcompleja.
Enhancing Occupational Therapy Interventions by Integrating the Multiphase Optimization Strategy Framework
Authors: Rosenfeld Meirav , Goverover Yael , Guastaferro Kate
Published: December 2024

As occupational therapy research advances and the body of evidence supporting effective interventions continues to grow, there is a need to expedite the transfer of research findings into practice, and the use of intervention development frameworks becomes increasingly essential. In this column, we introduce the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST), an engineering-inspired framework for the development, optimization, and evaluation of multicomponent interventions. MOST allows for the systematic development and evaluation of optimized interventions that prioritize effectiveness within constraints like affordability, scalability, and efficiency. Using MOST while developing an intervention may reduce the delay between intervention development and real-world implementation. Moreover, adopting MOST will bolster the use of rigorous research designs in occupational therapy studies and foster shared terminology with other disciplines that have successfully applied this framework across a range of health priorities and conditions. Thus, we advocate integrating MOST into occupational therapy intervention development research.
Natural Law & the Secular Mythos
Authors: Morgan Gregory M. W.
Published: December 2024

This book argues that natural law – when construed as an epistemological and trans-culturallingua franca, adjudged capable of legitimating the rational intelligibility and universal applicability of specific Christian moral principles within contemporary “secular” discourse – has failed.

Through a detailed analysis of the contributions of three prominent natural law theorists who are located within a shared philosophical-theological tradition, namely, John Finnis, Jean Porter, and John Milbank, the text illuminates the extent to which this failure is as much intramural as it is extramural.

Morgan explores how new horizons open up for natural law if the theological “unsaid(s)” are allowed to surface and the disremembering power of the secularmythosis overcome. The final chapter(s) of the book addresses one such horizon— that the theoretical fulcrum of the natural law lies not in its perceptual self-evidence or in its immanent secularity; but rather in its subtle provision of an immanent eschatology.
Islam and Statecraft
Authors: Hoffman Jon
Published: December 2024

Instead of religion influencing political outcomes, this analysis examines how politics influences religious outcomes.Dominant analyses examining the utilization of religion as a tool of statecraft in the Middle East remain overwhelmingly fixated on how Islam influences the foreign policies of different state actors – not how political considerations often influence the forms Islam assumes and how religion itself is often molded according to strategic considerations of political elites. That Islam, due to its “unique” or “exceptional” relationship with politics, drives political outcomes at the international level in the Middle East is a myth this book shatters by demonstrating how the political considerations of ruling elites – specifically, the intersection of domestic and foreign threats – influence and constrain the kinds of religious soft power strategies adopted by states in the region.

This book develops a comprehensive analytical framework for the notion of “religious soft power” capable of incorporating power-based, identity-based, and ideational variables to examine how states couple religion with their broader foreign policy conduct. This framework is applied to the Middle East through the specific examination of three countries - Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates - in the period following the Arab Uprisings to demonstrate how specific religious narratives, identities, histories, and ideologies are constructed by political elites in the Middle East for the advancement of what are inherently political objectives, namely the imperatives of regime preservation and power projection.
Reading the I Ching (Book of Changes)
Authors: Redmond Geoffrey
Published: December 2024

The 3,000 year oldI Chingis the most esteemed of the ancient Chinese classics, yet also the most enigmatic.Reading the I Ching (Book of Changes)incorporates recent advances in scholarship, such as recently excavated texts, and demonstrates how theZhouyi(the ancient textual layer of theI Ching) was compiled from mostly oral material and how it was organized to serve as an easily consulted compendium of divination responses.

In this book Geoffrey Redmond clarifies the meanings of the ancient text by examining use of literary devices such as prognostic terms, imagery from daily life, rhetorical tropes, metaphors, proverbs and set phrases. This provides insight on how theZhouyiwas composed and explains its use for divination. It also shows how, centuries later, theZhouyiwas adapted by the Confucians, who believed it to be the creation of ancient sages, and the source of their metaphysics and cosmology. Redmond also analyzes the Changes through a variety of philological heuristics, such as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, methods of analogy and anomaly, the distinction between argumentative and context dependence, as well as modern approaches such as Jungian psychology, and critical theory. Included are the interlinear Chinese text, and a glossary of key words in English, Chinese, and pinyin, making it essential reading for students studying Chinese philosophy, Chinese religion, and early Chinese history, as well as readers looking for a clear and accessible gloss of this text.
Feminism, National Identity and European Integration in Modern Spain
Authors: Mahaney Kathryn L.
Published: December 2024

This book explores the evolution of Spanish feminism in the context of European feminisms and institutions from the 1960s to recent times.

Beginning withSección Femenina, the official Francoist women’s organization,Feminism, National Identity and European Integration in Modern Spaintraces the interplay between Spanish women’s policy and international policymaking. In some cases, as with theSección Femenina-championed Law of Political Rights (Ley de Derechos) in 1961, Spanish women’s policy at least appeared more progressive than what Western democracies offered – notable at a time when Spain was considered backward. After Franco’s death in 1975, Spain’s democratic transition seemingly consolidated forward-thinking women’s policy with a Constitution that guaranteed equality of the sexes in 1978, and with the creation of a national bureau charged with crafting women’s policy, theInstituto de la Mujer(Women’s Institute), in 1983.

Yet feminists found themselves marginalized in Spanish political decision-making, as Kathryn L. Mahaney argues so successfully in this study. Mahaney reveals that women ultimately influenced domestic policy not by acting within national networks but by leveraging European connections, particularly after Spain joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1986. The book shows that Spanish feminists worked through the EEC to gain international approval of policies that had met domestic opposition, and did so by representing them as necessary litmus tests of nations’ democratic integrity. Their proposals were shaped by the specific context of Spanish feminism, but also by Spanish debates about what rights democracies should grant women and what equality in a post-fascist nation should encompass. This ground-breaking study explains that, in turn, these processes shaped both Spain’s and the European Union’s much-prized self-identities as democratic communities.
Shakespeare, Ecology and Adaptation
Authors: Daroy Alys , Prescott Paul
Published: December 2024

How can we tune into the ecological dynamics of Shakespeare’s plays? How can we adapt those plays to address current environmental crises?

This is the first book to fuse Shakespearean ecocriticism with adaptation studies. It is a single critical and contextual resource for students, teachers and practitioners embarking on an in-depth exploration of ecological approaches to Shakespeare and adaptation. The book provides critical insight into ecological performance practices and accessible contextual information for ecocriticism, early modern environmental cultures and theatre-making.

This guide offers:

- Primary texts from the early modern period to the present, covering themes such as weather, botany, agriculture, fertility, land rights, animal and human relationships, metamorphosis and adaptation; - A focus on 3 of the most studied and adapted plays,A Midsummer Night’s Dream, King LearandThe Tempest,as a basis for the wider application of ecological adaptive principles to Shakespeare; - A full range of environmental references in each focus play through innovative Eco-Tables; - Concise summaries of literary ecocriticism in relation to each key text; - Sustained attention to performance and creative writing as ecocritical interventions; - The first dedicated chapter in the field offering conceptual and practical resources for staging your own Shakespearean eco-adaptation; - A glossary of key terms and links to resources; - An accompanying companion website featuring additional resources.

Shakespeare, Ecology and Adaptation: A Practical Guideprovides a pedagogic pathway and a ready-made syllabus for teachers. It is also an indispensable resource for theatre directors, designers, actors and dramaturgs seeking inspiration for the environmentally engaged productions and adaptations the future demands of us.
King Arthur and the Languages of Britain
Authors: Mees Bernard
Published: December 2024

Medievalists have denied the historical existence of King Arthur for over 50 years.Arthur and the Languages of Britaindemonstrates how linguistic evidence can be employed to see if the earliest historical records that mention Arthur are reliable.

The book begins with an analysis of the evidence for the Anglo-Saxon invasions and the response of the Britons, and introduces the main methodological approaches employed in the linguistic analysis of historical records. It then provides evidence for Arthur as a Cumbric-speaker active in the region about Hadrian’s Wall, before assessing the linguistic evidence which supports the validity of the references to Arthur in theWelsh Annalsand theHistoria Brittonum.

Bernard Mees reflects on how Arthur is recorded as having taken part in the Battle of Mount Badon, a site that has never been located, and dying at Camlann, now Castlesteads on Hadrian’s Wall. He uses linguistic analysis of the evidence recorded for the existence of Arthur to support the historical reliability of these records. Mees concludes with a summary of how Geoffrey of Monmouth created pseudo-historical stories from the references to Arthur in these early sources, turning Ambrosius Aurelianus into Merlin and Mordred into King Arthur’s nephew and the lover of his queen Guinevere.
Drawing Music, Marking Time
Authors: Griffin David
Published: December 2024

Marking down the complexities of musical pieces on paper allows them to become portable, shareable, and eminently teachable, but how are the simple geometries of a music notation unfolded into space and time?

A music notation is an almost impossibly complicated bit of drawing. Calling it a map or a diagram does not quite do the trick. Its tracery supplies mechanisms for planning, composition, analysis, annotation, and performance of music. But how is it that we read that simple, strategic two-dimensional geometry and make such complex, four-dimensional performances? In this book David Griffin guides readers to a comprehensive understanding of the structural properties of music notations, with a particular focus on the standard Western staff notation system, looking at composers such as Bach, John Cage, Earle Brown and Stockhausen.

Developed over a thousand years ago, the staff notation is a geometrical drawing method using dots and lines on a horizontal timeline for explaining the structure of a musical piece. The system behaves a bit like a picture, but it is also like a diagram, and a bit like writing in its structure. In the hands of an experienced user, the notation’s complex of marks and phatic elements allows us to leave behind the mere denotation of diagrams or pictures to become a connotative drawing system.

This book will attempt to de-code music drawings, untangling their strange knots of graphic and linguistic elements. Using a series of visual examples, Griffin presents background information on how the staff notation developed as an inter-linguistic inscription, a drawing that slips through the mere denotation of pictorial or diagrammatic graphics to become a connotative system, with which we may craft subtle and powerful elements of musical poetry.
"The Unthinkable" in Ethics, History and Philosophical Anthropology
Authors: Pihlström Sami
Published: December 2024

What we find ‘unthinkable’ is not seriously considered as an ethical option in our thought and deliberation; it is ruled out from the outset. Combining a broadly pragmatist approach with a Kantian-inspired transcendental strategy, Sami Pihlström distinguishes between what is considered ‘unthinkable’ and what is merely ethically wrong.Pihlström demonstrates how different issues concerning the unthinkable vs the thinkable, ranging from the proper ethical response to the Holocaust to philosophical considerations of monstrous characters familiar in gothic fiction, may challenge the categories we use to structure the world. In particular, he makes the case that it is unthinkable for us to reject the kind of ‘human exceptionalism’ that attributes an ineliminable dignity or preciousness to human beings. Chapters also explore the complex relationship between our responses to human suffering and the suffering of non-human animals, together with questions concerning the philosophy of war and pacifism.

‘The Unthinkable’ in Ethics, History and Philosophical Anthropologyturns our attention to the ethically and ontologically constitutive character of the boundaries we draw between the thinkable and the unthinkable, while utilizing conceptual and argumentative resources from the Wittgensteinian tradition in moral philosophy, particularly from the work of Raimond Gaita. An original and timely study, it will be welcomed by students and scholars interested in the fundamental ethical issues of human life.