bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunometabolism in Obese Asthmatics: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Periyalil Hashim , Gibson Peter , Wood Lisa
Published: September 2013

Obesity is now recognised as a worldwide epidemic. The recent International Association for the Study of Obesity/International Obesity Taskforce (IASO/IOTF) analysis estimates that approximately 1.0 billion adults are currently overweight and a further 475 million are obese. Obesity has huge psychosocial impact with obese children and adolescents facing discrimination and stigmatization in many areas of their lives leading to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem and depression. Indeed, obesity is recognised as an important risk factor for the development of several chronic diseases such as hypertension, cancer, asthma and metabolic syndrome. Chronic low grade systemic inflammation is considered as a hallmark of obesity and may possibly explain the link between obesity and chronic disease, in particular the increased incidence, prevalence and severity of asthma in obese individuals. There is now strong evidence for infiltration of immune and inflammatory cells into adipose tissue that drives systemic inflammation and subsequent end organ damage. In addition to adipocytes, the key adipose tissue resident immune cells are macrophages and mast cells. Immunometabolism, as an emerging field of investigation, explores the pivotal role of these immune cells in translating immunological changes to metabolic effects in obesity. Abundance of free fatty acids, along with other inflammatory cytokines shift the balance of metabolic homeostasis to pro-inflammatory status by influencing the development of inflammatory cell lineage, which, further exhibits distinct functional phenotypes. There is emerging evidence for macrophage activation and functional polarization of an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype towards a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype of macrophages in obese adipose tissue. Similarly, studies in both obese humans and murine models reveal the pathognomic presence of an increased number of mast cells in visceral adipose tissue. These suggest a possible contribution of mast cells to the unique metabolome of obese asthma. This review examines proposed multilevel interactions between metabolic and immune systems in obese asthmatics that underlie the negative effects of obesity and may offer significant therapeutic promise.
Five Years of Designing Wireless Sensor Networks in the Doñana Biological Reserve (Spain): An Applications Approach
Authors: Larios Diego , Barbancho Julio , Sevillano José , Rodríguez Gustavo , Molina Francisco , Gasull Virginia , Mora-Merchan Javier , León Carlos
Published: September 2013

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a technology that is becoming very popular for many applications, and environmental monitoring is one of its most important application areas. This technology solves the lack of flexibility of wired sensor installations and, at the same time, reduces the deployment costs. To demonstrate the advantages of WSN technology, for the last five years we have been deploying some prototypes in the Doñana Biological Reserve, which is an important protected area in Southern Spain. These prototypes not only evaluate the technology, but also solve some of the monitoring problems that have been raised by biologists working in Doñana. This paper presents a review of the work that has been developed during these five years. Here, we demonstrate the enormous potential of using machine learning in wireless sensor networks for environmental and animal monitoring because this approach increases the amount of useful information and reduces the effort that is required by biologists in an environmental monitoring task.
Improving Pyroelectric Energy Harvesting Using a Sandblast Etching Technique
Authors: Hsiao Chun-Ching , Siao An-Shen
Published: September 2013

Large amounts of low-grade heat are emitted by various industries and exhausted into the environment. This heat energy can be used as a free source for pyroelectric power generation. A three-dimensional pattern helps to improve the temperature variation rates in pyroelectric elements by means of lateral temperature gradients induced on the sidewalls of the responsive elements. A novel method using sandblast etching is successfully applied in fabricating the complex pattern of a vortex-like electrode. Both experiment and simulation show that the proposed design of the vortex-like electrode improved the electrical output of the pyroelectric cells and enhanced the efficiency of pyroelectric harvesting converters. A three-dimensional finite element model is generated by commercial software for solving the transient temperature fields and exploring the temperature variation rate in the PZT pyroelectric cells with various designs. The vortex-like type has a larger temperature variation rate than the fully covered type, by about 53.9%.The measured electrical output of the vortex-like electrode exhibits an obvious increase in the generated charge and the measured current, as compared to the fully covered electrode, by of about 47.1% and 53.1%, respectively.
Determination of the Elastic Properties of Tomato Fruit Cells with an Atomic Force Microscope
Authors: Zdunek Artur , Kurenda Andrzej
Published: September 2013

Since the mechanical properties of single cells together with the intercellular adhesive properties determine the macro-mechanical properties of plants, a method for evaluation of the cell elastic properties is needed to help explanation of the behavior of fruits and vegetables in handling and food processing. For this purpose, indentation of tomato mesocarp cells with an atomic force microscope was used. The Young’s modulus of a cell using the Hertz and Sneddon models, and stiffness were calculated from force-indentation curves. Use of two probes of distinct radius of curvature (20 nm and 10,000 nm) showed that the measured elastic properties were significantly affected by tip geometry. The Young’s modulus was about 100 kPa ± 35 kPa and 20 kPa ± 14 kPa for the sharper tip and a bead tip, respectively. Moreover, large variability regarding elastic properties (>100%) among cells sampled from the same region in the fruit was observed. We showed that AFM provides the possibility of combining nano-mechanical properties with topography imaging, which could be very useful for the study of structure-related properties of fruits and vegetables at the cellular and sub-cellular scale.
Hydrogeological Characteristics of Hellenic Aqueducts-Like Qanats
Authors: Voudouris Konstantinos , Christodoulakos Yiannis , Steiakakis Emmanouil , Angelakis Andreas
Published: September 2013

In ancient Hellas, water management began in the early Minoan Era (ca. 3200–1100 BC) and was related to the geomorphology, the geology, the topography, and the local climatic, hydrological, and socio-political conditions. Historical and archaeological evidences show that ancient Greeks had developed even qanat-related technologies since the Classical times. During democratic periods, the focus of water management was on sustainable small scale, safe, and cost effective management practices, and institutional arrangements, whereas in oligarchic periods, emphasis was on the construction of large-scale hydraulic projects, including aqueducts and/or qanats, mostly related to the public sectors. Aqueducts-like qanats are gently sloping, artificially constructed underground galleries, which bring groundwater from the mountainous area to the lowlands, where water is used, sometimes several kilometers away. It is worth noticing that no large-scale lifting techniques were available, and water was transferred from the source (usually a spring) by aqueducts (qanats) from a higher elevation to a lower level by gravity. Historically, the aqueduct-like qanat technology was developed by Persians in the middle of 1st Millennium BC, and spread towards the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt. The expansion of Islam led to diffusion of qanats in Mediterranean countries (e.g., Spain, Italy, and Cyprus). Much of the population of Iran and other arid countries in North Africa and in Asia depend on water supply by aqueducts-like qanats, even today. This technology is characterized by its durability and sustainability, although an aqueduct-like qanat is expensive, both in construction and maintenance. It is pointed out that, the technique of tunneling was used during the Classical period in ancient Hellas. Since the well known tunnel at the island of Samos, Hellas, was designed and constructed by Eupalinos (ca. 530 BC), several underground tunnels (with and without well-like vertical shafts) in order to convey water from one location to another one located in a lower level were implemented in this country. Several aqueducts (qanat) paradigms (e.g., in Athens, on islands of Crete and Rhodes, and in the area of Serres in north country), which are in use even today, are presented and discussed. Overall, it seems that water-related problems of modern societies are not very different from those during antiquity.
Apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy of sparsely labeled tobacco mosaic viruses and the intermediate filament desmin
Authors: Harder Alexander , Dieding Mareike , Walhorn Volker , Degenhard Sven , Brodehl Andreas , Wege Christina , Milting Hendrik , Anselmetti Dario
Published: September 2013

Both fluorescence imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are highly versatile and extensively used in applications ranging from nanotechnology to life sciences. In fluorescence microscopy luminescent dyes serve as position markers. Moreover, they can be used as active reporters of their local vicinity. The dipolar coupling of the tip with the incident light and the fluorophore give rise to a local field and fluorescence enhancement. AFM topographic imaging allows for resolutions down to the atomic scale. It can be operated in vacuum, under ambient conditions and in liquids. This makes it ideal for the investigation of a wide range of different samples. Furthermore an illuminated AFM cantilever tip apex exposes strongly confined non-propagating electromagnetic fields that can serve as a coupling agent for single dye molecules. Thus, combining both techniques by means of apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy (aSNOM) enables concurrent high resolution topography and fluorescence imaging. Commonly, among the various (apertureless) SNOM approaches metallic or metallized probes are used. Here, we report on our custom-built aSNOM setup, which uses commercially available monolithic silicon AFM cantilevers. The field enhancement confined to the tip apex facilitates an optical resolution down to 20 nm. Furthermore, the use of standard mass-produced AFM cantilevers spares elaborate probe production or modification processes. We investigated tobacco mosaic viruses and the intermediate filament protein desmin. Both are mixed complexes of building blocks, which are fluorescently labeled to a low degree. The simultaneous recording of topography and fluorescence data allows for the exact localization of distinct building blocks within the superordinate structures.
Integrating reaction and analysis: investigation of higher-order reactions by cryogenic trapping
Authors: Stockinger Skrollan , Trapp Oliver
Published: September 2013

A new approach for the investigation of a higher-order reaction by on-column reaction gas chromatography is presented. The reaction and the analytical separation are combined in a single experiment to investigate the Diels–Alder reaction of benzenediazonium-2-carboxylate as a benzyne precursor with various anthracene derivatives, i.e. anthracene, 9-bromoanthracene, 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde and 9-anthracenemethanol. To overcome limitations of short reaction contact times at elevated temperatures a novel experimental setup was developed involving a cooling trap to achieve focusing and mixing of the reactants at a defined spot in a fused-silica capillary. This trap functions as a reactor within the separation column in the oven of a gas chromatograph. The reactants are sequentially injected to avoid undefined mixing in the injection port. An experimental protocol was developed with optimized injection intervals and cooling times to achieve sufficient conversions at short reaction times. Reaction products were rapidly identified by mass spectrometric detection. This new approach represents a practical procedure to investigate higher-order reactions at an analytical level and it simultaneously provides valuable information for the optimization of the reaction conditions.
Raman spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring mesoscale continuous-flow organic synthesis: Equipment interface and assessment in four medicinally-relevant reactions
Authors: Hamlin Trevor A , Leadbeater Nicholas E
Published: September 2013

An apparatus is reported for real-time Raman monitoring of reactions performed using continuous-flow processing. Its capability is assessed by studying four reactions, all involving formation of products bearing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moieties; synthesis of 3-acetylcoumarin, Knoevenagel and Claisen–Schmidt condensations, and a Biginelli reaction. In each case it is possible to monitor the reactions and also in one case, by means of a calibration curve, determine product conversion from Raman spectral data as corroborated by data obtained using NMR spectroscopy.
Los cinco sexos, o cómo establecemos fronteras categoriales moralmente relevantes en un mundo difuso y continuo
Authors: Gomila Antoni
Published: September 2013

Generalmente se considera que el realismo moral exige un mundo bien determinado, para que las valoraciones también puedan estarlo. Desde este punto de vista, los dilemas morales genuinos, donde no pueda establecerse la opción moralmente correcta porque haya razones igualmente poderosas para ambas alternativas, constituyen un desafío al realismo moral. En este trabajo argumento en contra de este tipo de ataque al realismo moral. Partiendo del carácter continuo y gradual de los criterios constitutivos de nuestros conceptos, muestro cómo cabe esperar precisamente casos límite, en los que aparentemente está indeterminada la verdad. Que existan fronteras conceptuales borrosas no significa que no puedan ser cruzadas (que no sean útiles, que no capten diferencias o aspectos relevantes desde el punto de vista de la estructura causal de la realidad y su inteligibilidad), al contrario: sirven para establecer diferencias moralmente relevantes. De hecho, la posibilidad de una comunidad con prácticas conceptuales compartidas depende de la existencia de los casos paradigmáticos, prototípicos, centrales, de ejemplificación de un concepto, y de valoración moral.
Frontera: una categoría del pensamiento al borde del tiempo
Authors: García Gómez-Heras José Mª
Published: September 2013

Este artículo pretende caracterizar a la bioética como un saber que acontece en la frontera del tiempo. Se trata de un saber de frontera, ubicado del lado del acontecer, por su carácter tentativo y abierto. La frontera del tiempo sitúa la conciencia moral en momentos de gestación, cuando la reflexión abunda en perplejidades y tantea respuestas. Existen dos modos de dar contenido a los relatos bioéticos: la memoria que recuerda y la esperanza que anticipa.
Variaciones biopolíticas sobre naturaleza y vida
Authors: Espinosa Rubio Luciano
Published: September 2013

Necesitamos nuevas narraciones para entender un poco más nuestro caótico y muy complejo mundo. En este caso es útil recordar algunos modelos históricos de las relaciones generales entre naturaleza y vida, que están en la base de la biopolítica: a) el tradicional, basado en la ley natural y en los valores de la vida; b) el técnico, basado en la voluntad de poder y en los valores de la libertad; c) el alternativo, basado en la cooperación ecológica entre todos los seres vivos y en ambas clases de valores. Para sobrevivir en esta crisis de civilización hace falta mucho coraje y solidaridad frente a la indiferencia que mata.
Analysis on the Infrared Imaging Diagnosis Technology for the Insulation State, Fault Types, and Components of Coupling Capacitor
Authors: Le Le
Published: September 2013

Along with the continuous development of Chinese economy, the power consumption continues to rise in China, and many high-voltage electric transmission lines are constantly put in construction. Among them, coupling capacitor is a major coupling device in the carrier communication of the power frequency high-voltage lines, and also a device that has been widely used for measuring and extracting electric energy, and controlling high-frequency protection in the electric power system. However, there are many problems in the application of coupling capacitor to high-voltage electric transmission lines. In the following, some common problems in the application of infrared imaging diagnosis technology to the coupling capacitor in high-voltage electric transmission lines are tested, so that the corresponding problems are found timely and accurately and also the right processing is made.
Design and Implement of User-Definable Monitoring System for In-Transit Hazardous Materials Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Yang Zhi Yong , Zhou Yu
Published: September 2013

To deal with the high cost and targeted of system in in-transit hazardous materials monitoring, in-transit hazardous materials system and customized vehicle terminal were proposed. The system was based on internet of Things with B/S model and hierarchical structure, which solved the scalability and compatibility problems of hazardous materials monitoring in transit. It discussed two ways to reconfigure the monitoring program and parameters of the vehicle terminal, including USB and wireless. Through the actual operation, the system had some features of high accuracy, low cost, easy to operate, which can custom parameters depending on the type of dangerous substance.
Abrasion, Clearance and Matlab-Aided Optimized Profile Design of Cam Mechanism
Authors: He Zhen Jun , Xu Peng , Lu Jian Rong
Published: September 2013

To demonstrate the importance of abrasion and clearance to machinery, this paper studied abrasion of Cam mechanism contact surface, illustrated how abrasion and clearance relate to each other and investigated how they influence kinematic accuracy of the mechanism. In the case of Cam mechanism with flat-bottomed translation follower, it elaborated abrasion styles and bad points and depicted heart-shaped abrasion rate curve. It proposed a mathematical model and optimized design for cam profile, taking abrasion design as an objective function. Aided by Matlab and its optimization toolbox, it also proposed a optimized solution to the objective function mathematical model. And powered by computing capabilities of Matlab, it determined the coefficients in a high-order five-term function and found the optimal value of the objective function quickly in need. By optimization, mechanism abrasion improves and its kinematic accuracy and reliability increase, prolong its life.
Establishes the Precise Three-Dimensional Terrain Method Study Based on Anudem
Authors: Zhou Zai Hui , Ma Jing , Xu Wu Di
Published: September 2013

Take a typical region in the Loess Plateau of North Shaanxi Province zone as the study area.Based on relief map with a scale of 1:1000 to generate accurate 3D terrain DEM using Anudem algorithm. Compared with the production of Anudem method TIN method and Kriging method between DEM. DEM accuracy evaluation including value target, profile and slope and terrain attribute visualization, contour line playbacking and different differential value algorithm result variance analysis. The DEM difference that the result demonstrates that the different algorithm obtains is big, and DEM precision of Anudem method production is best, can very good response precise three-dimensional terrain.
Target Type Recognition Algorithm of Imaging GIF Fuze
Authors: Liu Bin , Fan Yang Yu , Guo Jian
Published: September 2013

According to the requirement of aerial infrared target recognition, a group of image segmentation, edge detection, feature extraction, type recognition algorithms are put forward in this article after analysis and comparison of many algorithms. The simulation results show that the typical aerial target type recognition rate of this group of algorithms can reach more than 80%, so that the algorithms have higher ability of target type recognition, and its real-time performance can meet the requirement of imaging GIF fuze.
Wavelet Based De-Noising Using Self-Optimizing Method for ECG Signal
Authors: Xiao Fang Yu , Tang Wei , Fu Na
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a new ECG demising algorithm based on the self-optimizing method. This paper discusses the optimum threshold concept and the optimum threshold is decided by signal and threshold function. Based on the concept, this paper provides the ECG optimal method concrete steps. Through the dead value at high frequency phenomenon that is observed by experiment can identify the terminal value. Experiments show that the proposed method improves the signal-to-noise ratios. Moreover, the de-noising signals have a smooth and visual appearance.
The Research of wxWidgets Applied to Power System Graphics Software Development
Authors: Wang Ke Wu
Published: September 2013

This article discusses the problems existing in power system graphics software, and analyze wxWidgetss characteristics like cross-platform, local perception, face to objects and other features. The validation based on the wxWidgets development can make up for the graphics software shortcomings, providing new ideas for the development of future coal mine power system graphics software.
Study on Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm of Spatial Data Mining
Authors: Zhao Ting Ting
Published: September 2013

With rapid development of space information crawl technology, different types of spatial database and data size of spatial database increases continuously. How to extract valuable information from complicated spatial data has become an urgent issue. Spatial data mining provides a new thought for solving the problem. The paper introduces fuzzy clustering into spatial data clustering field, studies the method that fuzzy set theory is applied to spatial data mining, proposes spatial clustering algorithm based on fuzzy similar matrix, fuzzy similarity clustering algorithm. The algorithm not only can solve the disadvantage that fuzzy clustering cant process large data set, but also can give similarity measurement between objects.
Signal Collector Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Xia Kai , Yang Zeng Bao
Published: September 2013

After the MCU-processing, the temperature data, collected from 18B20 temperature sensors, are sent back to computer by serial port. Through the combination of computers RS232 serial port and LabVIEWs VISA, the signal can be received and be saved as text file and the save interval time may be user-define. If the temperature exceeds the limited range, it can produce warning with manners of pilot lamp or sound and at the same time the warning times are marked in txt file. This design can transmit the information from RS232 serial port to MCU and vice versa by the use of RS232.
Security and Privacy Issues of the Internet of Things
Authors: Niu Chun Cheng , Zou Kuan Cheng , Ou Yang Yuan Ling , Tang Guan Jie , Zou Yi
Published: September 2013

nternet of Things is known to be the third wave of the world information industry following the computers and the Internet. In China, The development of things already elevated to the height of the national strategy. With the application of things more and more widely, security and privacy of The Internet of Things is increasingly a cause for concern. It has also become one of the decisive factors of sustainable development networking industry. Analysis focus on the perception layer of Things layers of security issues and the security policy. Analysis of the privacy issues involved in the Internet of Things applications to the response options. Efforts in the direction pointed out that for the security and privacy issues of Things. On study of the safety of the perception layer, one attack model of perception layer based on attack tree are put forward.
Information Security System of the New Energy Automobile Production Line Based on RFID
Authors: Ruan Xian Jing
Published: September 2013

The application of RFID technology in the new energy automobile manufacturing, can achieve that the visualization, on time and collaborative business processes of energy vehicles discrete manufacturing production process, to establish a advanced "just-in-time" production model, provide real-time and accurate information for production plans and management decisions, which will help to improve the quality of enterprise production management decision-making and the overall optimization of production operations management functions. On the basis of proposed mainly from management systems and supporting techniques to solve the security issues of the RFID system, give the basic framework of build the RFID system safety management system. The security of the RFID system is technically divided into two security domains, focusing on security issues by the reader to the application system. The intrusion detection technology is introduced in RFID system, and research on the improved of intrusion detection from two aspects: First, the use of clustering algorithm for data preprocessing to reduce the computational complexity, improve the detection efficiency; second, use immune particle swarm evolutionary algorithm directly improved feature selection to improve detection accuracy.
The Design and Implementation of Smart Warehouse Management System (SWMS) Based on ZigBee
Authors: Hu Zhi Wen , Sun Xiao Jin
Published: September 2013

With the increasing types of goods and materials as well as the frequency of in-out stock, warehouse, as the key link of supply chain management, is mainly responsible for managing goods and materials efficiently in a unified manner. In order to realize completely automatic and wireless management, this paper introduces ZigBee into warehouse management according to the practical situation. It gives a brief account of the basic functions of smart warehouse management system and makes an overall design of the SWMS based on ZigBee. It also verifies its feasibility by testing the performance of the actual system.
Real Estate Intelligence System Based on Decision Support Technology
Authors: Li Zhi Feng , Zhang Li Yi
Published: September 2013

Aiming at the current situation that the sales decisions of real estate are difficult to be made by the decision maker due to the lack of information during the decision-making process, a decision support model based on the UML modeling language and decision support theories has been proposed in this paper, which designs the modules and system sequence in the decision support system according to the acquisition, operation and output of real estate information. Targeting at the new decision support model, specific implementation steps have been put forward, modeling with UML to provide system modeling mode for the future real estate enterprise.
Inductance and Flux Linkage Variation on Operation Performance for Multi-Segmented Linear PM Motor
Authors: Ma Ming Na , Li Li Yi , Zhu He , Chan C.C.
Published: September 2013

Inductance and flux leakage are important parameters in determining steady-state and transient performance for multi-segmented permanent magnet (PM) linear motor, especially that in pass-through section. This paper investigates inductance characteristics considering asymmetrical phase components when the mover departs from one section, and corresponding testing method are discussed. Meanwhile, PM flux leakage is calculated from electromotive force waveform (EMF) in no-load test, and its special harmonics in pass-through section should be focused on. Finally influences of inductance and PM flux linkage variation on current response and thrust ripple are presented by equivalent circuit. The accuracy of solutions is validated by combined simulation model.
Service-Oriented Computational Biology Community Cloud
Authors: Li Zheng Fu , Wang Xi Cheng , Guo Quan , Kang Ling
Published: September 2013

Cloud computing is rising fast these years. It is making software or hardware more attractive through transform them to services. It provides a new developing opportunity for many research fields. A service-oriented Computational Biology Community Cloud (CBCC) is constructed in this paper. Computational biology related programs are collected, integrated and systematic. A four-layer cloud architecture of CBCC is presented and analyzed in this paper. The key technologies are also discussed. By using browsers, CBCC exposes users a lot of simple and easy use services. Users can easily begin their works on CBCC, process results or make their conclusions. Users no need to learn complex programming or prepare many files like before. Some typical applications on CBCC are introduced. By using CBCC, researchers of computational biology can save a lot time and enhance their working efficiency.
Design and Implementation of a Fiber Optic Sensing Alarm System
Authors: Chen Zheng Dong
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a design of optical fiber sensing alarm system based on, can realize high sensitivity, long perimeter, large range of perimeter protection, convenient installation.
Research of Mathematical Model of the Twelve-Phase Linear Induction Motor with Double-Sided Long Stators
Authors: Rao Jin , Xu Jin , Liu De Zhi , Yang Xi Dang , Cui Xiao Peng , Ma Wei Ming
Published: September 2013

Based on the requirement of high-power linear propulsion system, a novel twelve-phase linear induction motor (LIM) with double-sided long stators was designed, and the winding construction of twelve-phase LIM was presented in this paper. On the basis of this, the mathematical model of ABC coordinates for this novel motor was derived, and the rule of the asymmetry of end-winding leakage inductance of the twelve-phase LIM with double-sided long stators, which is determined by the relative space position of the each phase end-winding in the motor, and then this rule was compared with the law of the asymmetry of end-winding leakage inductance of the multi-phase rotating motor. Simulation model of the motor was established, and the electromagnetic properties of the motor is calculated.
Study of Combined Function of Computer Network and Communication Technology
Authors: Liu Ming
Published: September 2013

Computer network is the virtual world in which various computers and external equipments with independent functions are connected through communication line in different geographical positions. At present, the application of communication technology is mainly represented by digital telephone switching technology, optical fiber communications, satellite communications and intelligent terminal, while individual communication covering the globe is the development direction of communication technology. The thesis first of all makes an introduction of the characteristics of computer network, followed by an analysis of the application functions of communication technology and study of combined function of computer network and communication technology, so as to inspire the follow-up studies.
Influences of Organic Compounds on Laccase Activity Tests
Authors: Zhang Ying Long , Zhang Hai Bo , Zhu You Shuang , Cao Ming Le , Ai Ming Qiang , Huang Feng
Published: September 2013

Organic compounds oxalic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt-2-hydrate (EDTA Na2) were described as laccase inhibitors by forming complex compounds with the metal ions of the laccase. Their influence on laccase from Trametes hirsuta lg-9 and Rhus vernificera in different test systems utilizing 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) as enzyme substrates were tested. Our study indicated that oxalic acid can influence the laccase activity determination mainly by changing the pH of the reaction system. The influences of both oxalic acid and EDTA on the laccase activity determination with different substrates were different. The results indicated that both oxalic acid and EDTA could influence the laccase activity determination by influencing and the binding of laccases substrates but not by chelating metal of the laccase. The organic compounds can also influence the laccase activity determination by changing the pH of the reaction system.
Decision Algorithm of Surrounding Rock Grades Based on the Variable Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Zhang Qian Jin , Yang Jin
Published: September 2013

From the analysis of the character of elastic wave through a rock medium, According to the safety driving problems faced in tunnel construction geological prediction, using TSP test data inversion of rock hardness, integrity and water characteristic parameters, the determination model of surrounding rock classification based on the variable fuzzy sets for surrounding rock classification. You can use the existing geological forecast means the achievements, with no increase in the additional cost method, the use of advanced, scientific method, in situ on surrounding rock grade determination, not only reduced the economic investment, and reduce the detection procedure, which have greatly improved invest. From detection technology investment and time efficiency compared to the original method, to guide the construction, save the cost, construction scheme design plays a positive role. This method not only has the profound theory value, but also has significant social benefits and huge economic benefits.
Discussion on the Accurate Modeling of Cylindrical Indexing Cam
Authors: Peng Qing
Published: September 2013

Spatial indexing cam is widely used in some automation machineries, and usually can be classified into the following three types: (1) cylindrical indexing cam; (2) parallel indexing cam; (3) globular indexing cam. These cams have their own use range, and also are different in index number and application accuracy. In this paper, cylindrical indexing cam is mainly analyzed.
Discuss on Lightning Protection of Electrical Engineering
Authors: Peng Hong Juan
Published: September 2013

Electric is one of the important resources of daily life, has great significance for the development of the national economy and the improvement of living standards. With the rapid development of construction in China, building electrical engineering is becoming more and more prominent, especially the lightning protection engineering in building electrical. Compared with the traditional housing construction, modern building construction gradually tends to be high development of reinforced concrete structure, more prone to lightning disaster, modern buildings have power lines and electrical equipment perplexing, once the lightning disaster, will cause huge economic losses, but also may cause casualties, therefore, lightning protection, pay attention to building electrical engineering is necessary. This paper introduces the lightning harm and building lightning protection system, analysis of the lightning protection design problem in building electrical engineering, discusses the matters needing attention in construction technology of electrical protection.
Vehicle Structure Design an Analysis – Design of Vehicle Braking Disc Based on Knowledge Engineering of CATIA V5
Authors: Chu Pan Qi , Che Kun , Zhang Bin Tao , Wei An Ran
Published: September 2013

This paper would present a new method which is based on knowledge engineering of CATIA V5R19 to design the braking disc. With this method, the work in modeling 3-D model is cut down, it is good for researchers to gain more opportunities to design a kind of braking system which is more safereliable and economy.
Turning and Milling Machining Center Spindle Box of Three Dimensional Design
Authors: Chen Xiao Hong
Published: September 2013

the car milling machining center spindle box mainly by the spindle and the spindle on relevant parts, body, encoder related parts and some standard composition, the application of UG unique based on characteristics of the parts and components modeling function, the use of tensile, rotating, tendons, lofting and scanning, array characteristics and drilling easily design components of the three-dimensional entity.
Study on the PDC Bit Optimization Design Based on Rotary Steering Drilling
Authors: Han Guang Ming
Published: September 2013

According to a series of characteristics produced from the side cutting in the rotary steering drilling system, PDC bit is improved from the profile shape, cutting structure, and gauge structure. Also, suggestions are proposed according to the drilling parameters of operation. The study result shows that the requirements of the rotary steering drilling system can be fulfilled by PDC bit design result and drilling parameter adjustment.
Study on the Construction of Database of Mineral Resources and Reserve Space
Authors: Shi Shao Jian , Shuo Liang Xun , Cui Xing Tao
Published: September 2013

We should construct a spatial database system for mineral resource reserve in Hebei province based on the database with the application of GIS spatial database technology based on the MapGIS software platform. Combined with the construction process of the database, this paper summarizes the problems and the solutions encountered in the construction of large database, and analyzes some techniques the departments of land and resources often use in basic geographic data to discuss with colleagues to further improve the quality and efficiency of database construction.
Fast Optimization of a Linear Induction Motor by 3-Level Space Mapping Technique
Authors: Gong Jin Lin , Gillon Frédéric , Brochet Pascal
Published: September 2013

For the design and analysis of a linear electrical motor, an analytical solution of electric and magnetic fields is barely achieved with the required accuracy, due to the end and edge effects, and the nonlinear characteristic of the materials. Optimal design with the finite element models (FEM) is often expensive, in terms of the computation time. The space-mapping techniques allow having an affordable computation cost with a minimum number of computationally expensive FEM evaluations. In this paper, based on a kriging model, a 2D FEM and a 3D FEM, a 3-level adapted output space-mapping technique is employed. The results show that the proposed algorithm allows saving a substantial amount of computation time compared to conventional 2-level output space-mapping technique.
Application Models of IOT
Authors: Guo Xiao Hui
Published: September 2013

I have been studying the application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) since 1999. Now, I would like to show my opinions about applications of the Internet of Things (IOT) in modern logistics in tobacco industry.
Explore the Management of Hydro-Engineering Project and Related Issues about Quality Control
Authors: Tao Hong Bin
Published: September 2013

Since reform and opening, water conservancy and hydropower construction industry become more competitive. Water conservancy and hydropower project construction involve a wide range, which is an extremely complex and comprehensive process. It coupled with the production flow of water conservancy and hydropower projects, structure type, quality requirements, construction methods, construction period, and the natural conditions in different situations, which all directly affect the construction quality of the project. This article outlines the construction of water conservancy and hydropower project management features, and discussed ways and means of quality control.
Research on Power Supply Strategies of Long Stroke Primary Segmented Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor
Authors: Li Li Yi , Zhu He , Ma Ming Na , Chan C.C.
Published: September 2013

Long stroke linear motor has an unparalleled advantage in the field of long-distance transport, transfer and electromagnetic launch system. The paper presents a primary segmented permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PS-PMLSM), which can solve the problems of the long stroke linear motor in excessive power dissipation, the difficulties of power supply. According to the motor structure characteristics and application background, the paper proposes four feasible strategies--a single inverter series alternating power supply (SISAP), a single inverter parallel alternating power supply (SIPAP), dual inverters alternating power supply (DIAP) and inter-segment optimal power supply (ISOP). Firstly, the article makes studies on those strategies from the economic cost, energy efficiency, the complexity of switching among the segments and the convenience of algorithm application by calculation and simulation. Secondly, the mathematics model of the motor and control system model is deduced from different strategies, respectively. Then, the available control method is derived from the analysis of these models and the motion characteristics. Finally, effects of performance are comparatively analyzed through the simulation.
Structural Optimization of an Integrated Winding Structure Short-Stroke Planar Motor Driven by Square DC Coils and Permanent Magnets
Authors: Zhang He , Kou Bao Quan , Zhang Hai Lin , Jin Yin Xi , Zhang Chao Ning , Li Li Yi
Published: September 2013

In this paper, an integrated winding structure short-stroke DC planar motor is studied. The integrated winding structure and non-integrated winding structure are compared and two types of coil arrangements are proposed. Then, static characteristics analysis and structural optimization are made by using FEM. The influences of the main parameters on the electromagnetic force are analyzed respectively based on the finite element simulation.
Research on the End Effect Detent Force Reduction of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor with Auxiliary Poles One-Piece Structure
Authors: Zhang He , Kou Bao Quan , Guo Shou Lun , Zhang Hai Lin , Jin Yin Xi , Zhang Chao Ning , Li Li Yi
Published: September 2013

In order to minimize the detent force of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) caused by end effect, a novel auxiliary poles one-piece structure is proposed. Two auxiliary poles are extended directly from two ends of the armature core. And magnetic isolation bridges are set between auxiliary pole and armature core. Compared with the conventional discrete auxiliary poles, the one-piece structure will reduce the manufacture difficulty of PMLSM with auxiliary poles and improve the reliability of linear motor.
Using Third Harmonic for Shape Optimization of Flux Density Distribution in Linear Permanent-Magnet Machine
Authors: Wang K. , Zhu Z.Q. , Nilssen Robert
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a sinusoidal permanent magnet (PM) shaping technique with third harmonic to improve the electromagnetic thrust force in linear slotless PM machines without sacrificing the thrust force ripple. Slotless PM linear machine possesses relatively low thrust force ripple due to the absence of cogging force, compared with slotted topology. However, thrust force ripple of the machine with rectangular PM shape still exists due to nonsinusoidal airgap flux density distribution produced by PMs. Sinusoidal shaping techniques can be used to reduce the thrust force ripple but the average thrust force is reduced as well. Therefore, a simple PM shaping technique with optimal 3rd harmonic is presented to improve the output thrust force but not to increase the thrust force ripple. The sinusoidal plus 3rd harmonic shaping technique is analytically demonstrated together conventional sinusoidal shaping method and verified with finite element method. The results show that the electromagnetic performance can be significantly improved.
Design of a New Frog-Leg Winding Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor
Authors: Zhang Hang , Li Chen , Zhang Yue Jin
Published: September 2013

A new frog-leg winding permanent-magnet (PM) brushless DC motor is proposed in this paper. Besides PM excitation and electric commutation, the motor has a type of mesh winding inherited from the conventional brushed DC motor. With the aid of a position sensor, the new motors operation principle is basically as same as the brushed one. Based on the frog-leg winding configuration of simplex lap and duplex wave, the motor is designed with 4 poles and 22 slots, and the number of phases is set as 11. Furthermore, an exact analytical method for predicting the instantaneous magnetic field, electromotive force (EMF) induced in the armature winding, cogging torque and output torque of the new motor is introduced. Results from this analytical method are compatible with corresponding finite element analyses (FEA).
Motion Control in a Free Piston Energy Converter Based on a Neural Adaptive PID Decoupling Controller
Authors: Lu Yi Min , Huang Xian Feng , Wang Juan Ping , Zhu Z.Q.
Published: September 2013

The free piston energy converter (FPEC) is a combination of a combustion engine and a linear electrical machine which develops a new type of power unit for hybrid electric vehicle. The movement component of the FPEC is a multi-input multi-output coupling nonlinear system. As a consequence, an adaptive decoupling control strategy is presented in this paper for controlling the piston motion. Two neural PID controllers in parallel are employed as the decoupling controller, in which PID gains are auto adjusted by supervised Hebbs learning rule. Simulation results show that the utilization of the neural adaptive PID decoupling controller gives rise to stabilize the piston motion.
The Design of Trigger Circuit for Power Thyristor
Authors: Jin Xing , Hu Kai
Published: September 2013

In this paper, for the strong electromagnetic interference environment, a kind of 6500V/1000A thyristor controller is designed. The controller includes a main trigger state detection module, an optical fiber communication module, a temperature detection module, a main controller module, and a trigger module. It highlights the thyristor trigger circuit and its corresponding detection circuit, this trigger circuit can provide a strong trigger pulse to ensure a reliable triggering of thyristors at any moment, the detection circuit can improve the reliability of the system.
S-Curve Algorithm Based on SCM
Authors: Wu Chao , Ge Yun Wang , Zhang Gang , Bu Ting
Published: September 2013

Control of the process of ACC/DEC (Acceleration/Deceleration) is one of most complicated problems in CNC system development. With the increase of acceleration and velocity in high-speed, high-precision CNC system, discontinuousness of acceleration will result in vibration, impact and debasing of position accuracy. The excellent ACC/ DEC control can solve these problems and improve the positioning precision. In this paper, S curve ACC/DEC algorithm is deeply studied, through comparison with other algorithms; its proved to be an efficient way in advanced CNC system. Usually, such kind of algorithm requires high-speed processor. However realization based on SCM (Single Chip Machine) is proposed in this paper. Through simulation, the result shows that the algorithm works well. Finally practical tests are carried out in Panasonic Minas A5 servo motor which indicates the control system is effective and accuracy.
Low Speed Compound Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control Systemwith Load Torque Compensation
Authors: Cheng Liang , Ye Xiao Jie , Sun Dong Ru , Ye Yun Yue , Jin Yong
Published: September 2013

Effected by sensor measurement noise, system noise and load disturbance torque, dynamic performance of low speed compound direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) decreased and speed fluctuation increased, which result in creeping phenomenon and unstable working state of servo system directly driven by PMSM. A load torque observer based on extended kalman filter (EKF) is proposed here, which gives correct estimation of rotor position, rotor speed and load torque through electromagnetic torque and encoder signal. A control strategy using estimated load torque for forward feedback compensation is also discussed with no need of extra hardware equipment. Simulation results showed that PMSM can operate steadily at the speed of 2.5r/min with less speed fluctuation only using a low resolution encoder, which verified the effectiveness and practicability of the method mentioned in this paper.