bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Children in South Africa: Reference Values for the Vicorder Device
Authors: Davies Claire , Vaida Florin , Otwombe Kennedy , Cotton Mark F. , Browne Sara , Innes Steve
Published: January 2025

Atherosclerosis often starts in childhood, tracking to adulthood. In children, early vascular disease can be detected as arterial stiffness. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is considered the non-invasive gold standard method for measuring arterial stiffness and widely accepted for use in children. We define pulse wave velocity (PWV) reference values for African children, in a cohort of children and adolescents living in Cape Town, South Africa, using the oscillometric Vicorder device, and considering the anatomical pathway in growing children. Three hundred and twenty four children (6–16 years old) were followed annually at Tygerberg Hospital, from March 2014 to March 2020, yielding 959 longitudinal PWV measurements. Centile curves for males and females by age and height were constructed using the Lamda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method. Our study demonstrates that African children have a relatively flat PWV throughout childhood and early adolescence, from 7 to 14 years of age, and between 120 and 170 cm standing height. These gender-specific percentiles for age and height will allow accurate surveillance of arterial elasticity in African children over time. The identification of children at high risk is important given the long-term health implications and the effectiveness of early intervention to prevent progression to cardiovascular disease.
When Should Incumbent Consumer Goods Producers Ally with Digital Platforms?
Authors: Baden-Fuller Charles , Blair John , Teece David
Published: January 2025

Physical goods producers routinely collaborate with digital platforms to extend their distribution capabilities. They usually realize that digital platform firms differ from them in their strategies and capabilities, and that significant opportunities arise from innovating digital platforms being able to collect, analyze, and leverage behavioral customer data related to the consumption experience. However, collaborating with digital platforms is likely to put competitive pressure on the incumbent’s margins, and, in extremis, encourage entry by the platform into the incumbent’s business. These threats can be moderated by limiting access to the incumbent’s technology and supply chain, or by building an in-house digital platform.
Does Peacekeeping Mitigate the Impact of Aid on Conflict? Peacekeeping, Humanitarian Aid and Violence Against Civilians
Authors: Zhang Shenghao , Dorussen Han
Published: January 2025

Peacekeeping has been found to be effective in containing conflict and civilian victimization, while the findings for the effect of aid on violence are indeterminate. So far the effects of peacekeeping and aid on violence have mainly been studied separately, this article investigates, at the subnational level, the effect of humanitarian aid on one-sided violence conditional on the deployment of peacekeeping forces. Although humanitarian aid can occasionally exacerbate violence, it is argued that peacekeepers reverse this unintended consequence of the provision of aid. We argue that they do so by means of sharing information and the provision of security bubbles. Empirically, we look at the coincidence of subnational location of humanitarian agencies and peacekeeping troops and find support for the idea that the effect of aid on violence against civilians is conditional on the presence of peacekeepers.
Feasibility of self-investment in a medically tailored meals program by a large health enterprise: Cleveland Clinic experience
Authors: Haddad Eliot N , Miles Rosemary , Alejandro-Rodriguez Marilyn , Gorenflo Maria P , Misirang Ainiwaer , Barbarotta Salvatore , Phillips Wendy , Bharmal Nazleen , Yepes-Rios Monica
Published: January 2025

Background: Medically tailored meals (MTMs) are personalized meals designed to meet the therapeutic needs of patients with chronic diseases. Most MTM programs rely on philanthropic support, and the optimal parameters for these programs are not well-defined. Aim: To assess the feasibility of an MTM program developed by a major healthcare institution using internal investments and an online platform for meal ordering. Methods: Single-arm prospective cohort feasibility MTM project implemented between August 2021 and June 2022. Each participant received 14 frozen meals per week over 3 months via a courier system. Participants answered several questionnaires and healthcare utilization was abstracted from electronic medical records up to 6 months post-intervention. Results: Sixty participants were enrolled. Emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient days significantly decreased in the 180 days post-intervention compared to the 180 days pre-intervention (ED visits: 1.2 vs 1.7, P = 0.005; inpatient days: 3.2 vs 5.1, P = 0.02). Participants saved an average of $12,046 in healthcare costs. Despite challenges with implementation, including upfront costs and sustainability, client and service outcomes were highly favorable. Patients were overwhelmingly satisfied with the program, although there was no quantitative improvement in global mental health (GMH) or global physical health (GPH) scores. Conclusion: MTM programs run by healthcare institutions can enhance patient satisfaction, reduce hospital visits, and lower healthcare costs, particularly for vulnerable populations. Providing healthy, frozen meals over an extended period is feasible, though it requires significant initial investment. Large healthcare institutions should consider implementing such programs to prioritize primary prevention in the US healthcare system.
Comparative analysis of persistent and recanalized falcine sinuses on magnetic resonance venography: insights from healthy individuals and parasagittal meningioma patients
Authors: Xie Yuxi , Li Xuanxuan , Zhu Yuqi , Wang Dongdong , Ying Yinwei , Luan Shihai , Liu Xiujuan , Lu Yiping , Yin Bo
Published: January 2025

Background

Falcine sinuses can remain persistent after birth, but they can also become recanalized in cases where venous sinuses are invaded by meningiomas.

Purpose

To explore the incidence and imaging features of persistent falcine sinuses in healthy individuals and recanalized falcine sinuses in parasagittal meningioma (PSM) patients on magnetic resonance venography (MRV).

Material and Methods

Radiologists evaluated imaging data of 168 healthy individuals and 168 PSM patients. The invasion extent of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in PSMs was confirmed by a neurosurgeon based on Sindou's criteria. We compared the incidence and imaging features of persistent and recanalized falcine sinuses.

Results

Among 168 health individuals (mean age = 46.2 ± 9.7 years), 5 (3.0%) persistent falcine sinuses were identified. Among 168 PSM patients (mean age = 53.0 ± 15.0 years), 14 (8.3%) recanalized falcine sinuses were found. Significant differences in SSS invasion extent and location were discovered between cases with and without recanalized falcine sinuses ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.029). Recanalized falcine sinuses showed significant higher incidence and larger caliber than persistent ones (for incidence: 8.3% vs. 3.0%, P = 0.034; for caliber: 3.9 ± 1.2 vs. 2.5 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.005). Under the cutoff of 3.1 mm in caliber with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.929, we could differentiate between persistent and recanalized falcine sinuses.

Conclusion

Recanalized falcine sinuses in PSMs may form when meningiomas severely invade the posterior portion of the SSS, potentially offering a new perspective to assess sinus invasion. Differences between persistent and recanalized falcine sinuses may reflect different venous drainage status under normal and pathological conditions.
Cytomegalovirus-associated panenteritis in an immunocompetent 60-year-old woman treated with oral valganciclovir: a case report
Authors: Kim Kye Whon , Kim Min Cheol
Published: January 2025

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection typically affects immunocompromised individuals. However, CMV-associated enteritis involving the entire small intestine is rare in immunocompetent patients. We report a case of a 60-year-old immunocompetent woman with a history of diabetes mellitus who presented with diarrhea for 3 weeks. Abdominal computed tomography and stool tests revealed panenteritis accompanied by protein-losing enteropathy. Enteroscopy revealed ulcerative mucosa throughout the small intestine, and subsequent biopsies confirmed CMV-associated enteritis. Initial treatment with intravenous ganciclovir was complicated by pancytopenia, leading to its discontinuation and a switch to oral valganciclovir. This adjustment led to significant clinical improvement and symptom resolution. This case highlights the importance of considering CMV-associated enteritis in immunocompetent patients presenting with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and demonstrates the effectiveness of oral valganciclovir following ganciclovir-induced pancytopenia.
Clinical difference between solitary and multiple pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules
Authors: Jiaming Yang , Haishen Zhou , Shi Xie , Yubing Wang , Jiaqing Zhang
Published: January 2025

Objective:

we compared and analyzed the imaging features, tumor markers, pathological immunohistochemistry, and lymph node metastasis rates of solitary and multiple lung adenocarcinoma to provide a valuable reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 212 patients who underwent thoracic surgery in our hospital from 2022 to 2023, including 149 patients with a solitary lung adenocarcinoma nodule and 63 patients with multiple primary nodules. Via propensity score matching, the imaging features, tumor serological markers, pathological immunohistochemistry, and lymph node metastasis rates of the two groups were compared, and the differences in lymph node metastasis rates between solitary and multiple nodules were explored by binary logistic regression.

Results:

After propensity score matching, there were significant differences in the mean CT value ( P = 0.001), Ki-67 expression ( P < 0.001), PD-L1 expression ( P = 0.002), and the lymph node metastasis rate ( P = 0.030) between the two groups, but there were no significant differences in nodule type, imaging features, tumor serological marker levels, and the ALK-positive and SYN-positive rates. With lymph node metastasis as the dependent variable, solitary or multiple nodules as the categorical covariate, and the three variables were included as independent variables for binary logistic regression analysis. The probability of lymph node metastasis was 80.8% lower in patients with multiple primary lung adenocarcinoma nodules than in those with a solitary one ( P = 0.042).

Conclusion:

Multiple primary adenocarcinoma nodules exhibit milder biological behavior than solitary adenocarcinoma nodules and carry a lower risk of lymph node metastasis.
The Prevalence of Tear Patterns and Their Effects on Tendon Healing After Arthroscopic Surgery in Patients With Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Shin Sang-Jin , Lee Sanghyeon
Published: January 2025

Background:

To achieve successful anatomic rotator cuff repair with minimal tension, both the tear pattern and tear size should be considered. However, little information is available concerning the frequency of tear patterns and their effects on tendon healing.

Purpose:

To evaluate the distribution of tear patterns in full-thickness rotator cuff tears and whether these patterns affect tendon healing after arthroscopic repair.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between 2014 and 2021, patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears with a minimum 2-year follow-up with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound were retrospectively reviewed. After the debridement of degenerative tendon tissue during arthroscopic surgery, the tear pattern was classified as crescent, U, or anterior or posterior L shaped. Intergroup differences in clinical and radiological characteristics were analyzed. In the subgroup analysis, patients were divided into 2 subgroups: small-to-medium or large-to-massive tears.

Results:

Among the 1037 patients with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear, the most common tear pattern was crescent shaped (39.6%), followed by posterior L, U, and anterior L shaped (26.0%, 21.4%, and 12.9%, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, 713 patients (68.8%) had small-to-medium tears, while 324 (31.2%) had large-to-massive tears. The proportion of large-to-massive tears was significantly higher for the anterior L-shaped tear pattern than for the other tear patterns (24.8%, 28.8%, 52.2%, and 32.6% for crescent, U, and anterior and posterior L shaped, respectively; P < .001). The anterior L-shaped tear pattern had a significantly higher retear rate than the other tear patterns in small-to-medium tears (7.8%, 13.0%, 28.0%, and 10.6% for crescent, U, and anterior and posterior L shaped, respectively; P < .001). The rate of revision surgery because of a symptomatic retear within 2 years after primary surgery was significantly higher for the anterior L-shaped tear pattern than for the other tear patterns (3.8%, 7.5%, 21.6%, and 0.0% for crescent, U, and anterior and posterior L shaped, respectively; P = .002).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of tear patterns varied depending on the tear size. In small-to-medium tears, the anterior L-shaped tear pattern had the lowest incidence among the tear patterns; however, it had a significantly higher retear rate. Furthermore, the anterior L-shaped tear pattern had a higher incidence of retears requiring early revision surgery than the other tear patterns.
Covid-19 Pandemic as a Natural Experiment: The Case of Home Advantage in Sports
Authors: Vaci Nemanja , Gula Bartosz , Bilalić Merim
Published: January 2025

Establishing a causal relationship requires not only the presence of a factor of interest but also the demonstration that the relationship is absent when the factor is absent. Such ideal conditions are rare, especially in observational studies in which creating control conditions is inherently difficult. The COVID-19 pandemic, with its unparalleled disruptions, offers a unique opportunity to isolate causal effects and test previously impossible hypotheses. Here, we examine the home advantage (HA) in sports—a phenomenon in which teams generally perform better in front of their home fans—and how the pandemic-induced absence of fans offered a fortunate yet systematic change to typical conditions, serving as a natural experiment. Using a structural equation modeling approach and building a mediation model encompassing all relevant HA factors, we quantified the reduction in HA and elucidated the specific mechanisms behind it. The theory behind HA and the availability of measures for each factor before and during COVID-19 lockdowns enabled us to estimate all postulated pathways within a natural experimental context. The robust statistical framework used in our study offers a foundational model for integrating naturally occurring events that serve as control conditions into the analysis of various real-life phenomena.
Measuring Multidimensional Anthropometric Failure: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Rinju  , Mishra Udaya Shankar , Saha Rimon
Published: January 2025

To assess anthropometric failure, we commonly use measures that include child stunting, wasting and underweight. However, these measures often oversimplify the multidimensional nature of the failure. We propose a Comprehensive Failure Assessment (CFA) measure that unifies these dimensions on a unitary scale, where ‘all failure’ is 1, ‘no failure’ is 0 and other failure combinations fall between 0 and 1. CFA assigns relevant weights to different combinations of failure and offers a visual representation of the cumulative pathway from all failures to no failures. This nuanced approach considers deprivation counts and all possible combinations of failures, providing a more thorough evaluation. Using the CFA measure we examine temporal changes in child nutrition across socio-economic groups such as wealth, caste, residence and region from 2006 to 2016. This new approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of anthropometric failures and facilitates the visualization of pathways across diverse socio-economic contexts.
‘The times they are a changing’: Negotiating diverse sexualities and masculinities in male rugby union
Authors: Pringle Richard , Denison Erik
Published: January 2025

Research concerning masculinities and homosexuality reveals contradictory findings, with inclusive masculinity theorists uniquely declaring the declining significance of homophobia in sports. To examine these contested findings, we interviewed straight and gay rugby union players to understand how they reflect on issues of homosexuality and negotiate the associated complexities in changing times. Our findings showed signs of greater acceptance of diverse sexualities yet we still found continued use of homophobic slurs and, at times, overt examples of homophobia. We concluded that the rugby players were subject to competing discourses of homosexuality. On the one hand, they were broadly aware that overt homophobia was now frowned upon and they were accordingly careful to not present themselves as homophobic. On the other hand, many still distanced themselves from homosexuality to ensure that they were not perceived as gay, as they still believed that homosexuality was stigmatised. In discussing our results, we raise critical concerns with inclusive masculinity theory, and illustrate that homophobia still presents as a serious social problem that impacts the health and well-being of queer people yet, at the same time, social change towards greater acceptance of diverse sexualities is an apparent trend.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Spousal Violence and Quality of Life Experienced by Cancer Patients Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: İçel Sema , Kiliç Sema Serpil
Published: January 2025

Starting from the diagnosis stage of it and throughout the terminal period, cancer is an illness that forms serious stress for patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether spousal violence has an effect on the quality of life of cancer patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. This is a cross-sectional and self-reported study based on quantitative data. The present study was carried out with 153 adult female patients who were registered to the oncology service of a hospital in Turkey, and receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The participants were exposed to partner violence with an average close to medium level and their quality of life is moderate. As the participants’ mean scores on the Spousal Violence Against Women Scale increased, the total score on the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Form decreased, and there was a statistically significant negative difference between the two scales ( p < .001). Since spousal violence against women negatively affects the quality of life of women receiving cancer treatment, actions to reduce violence against women should be planned and implemented urgently, and healthcare professionals working at all levels of healthcare institutions should provide the necessary professional support to detect spousal violence in women undergoing cancer treatment and to eliminate its negative effects.
Visitors’ self-expansion and perceived brand authenticity in a cultural heritage tourism destination
Authors: Chen Xiaohua , Lee Timothy J , Hyun Sunghyup Sean
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the influence of brand experience in tourism destinations on visitor behavioral intentions. The study developed and tested a conceptual model by integrating this theoretical relationship. The test involved 432 valid responses that were collected from adult visitors to UNESCO World Cultural Heritage sites in China. The results of structural equation modeling showed that all the hypotheses are supported. Specifically, the four dimensions of cultural heritage destination brand experience (sensory, intellectual, behavioral, and affective) positively affect visitor self-expansion and perceived brand authenticity. Second, self-expansion and brand authenticity contribute to the formation of place attachment, which affects visitors’ behavioral intentions. In addition, compared with brand authenticity, self-expansion has a more substantial predictive power for place attachment. Finally, self-expansion, brand authenticity, and the mediating role of place attachment were also confirmed. These results put forward critical theories and deliver significant managerial implications for the brand marketers of cultural heritage destinations.
Introduction: Boundary work in Muslim-Jewish encounters in urban Europe
Authors: Shaw Daniella
Published: January 2025

This special issue, based around the European Encounters project research carried out before October 2023, explores ambivalence and boundary work in Jewish and Muslim encounters across urban European contexts. Drawing on case studies in Frankfurt, London and Paris, it examines intercultural negotiations and identity constructions among minoritised groups. Contributors analyse diverse sites of encounter, from musical collaborations to more formal interfaith initiatives and everyday commercial spaces. Across these settings, the articles highlight complex layers of commonality and difference shaping boundary dynamics between Muslims and Jews. Analytically, this issue deploys central cultural studies concepts like symbolic boundaries, conviviality and superdiversity to elucidate lived realities. Empirically, grounded examination of understudied intercultural encounters advances cultural studies scholarship. The juxtaposition of the cities enables a relational understanding of how national repertoires of discourse shape boundary negotiations differently across contexts. Furthermore, analysis complicates assumptions of conflict, foregrounding marginalised perspectives on identity and power. Key findings demonstrate the ambivalence underpinning most Muslim-Jewish interactions. Structural inequalities, avoidance and indifference more frequently characterise encounters than outright hostility. Yet significations of difference still dominate, as groups navigate uneasy proximities. This special issue challenges essentialist portrayals of immutable intergroup divisions. Its nuanced analysis underscores the need to understand quotidian encounters relationally, as a multi-level interdependency, grounded in their socio-historical contexts across and within groups. This yields multifaceted insights into minority experiences of othering and belonging in Europe’s superdiverse cities.
Study on the properties of synergistic flame retardant PA66/aluminium hypophosphite composites
Authors: Wang Lichun , Jia Xianfeng , Duan Lei , Wang Jiping
Published: January 2025

The halogen-free flame retardant (HFFR) polyamide-66 (PA66) composites filled with aluminium hypophosphite (AHP) had been prepared by melt compounding method using a twin-screw extruder. The thermal degradation behaviour, flame retardancy, microscopic morphology of carbon slag, smoke release and mechanical properties of HFFR PA66 composites had been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter, UL-94 vertical test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), NBS smoke density chamber, ultimate tensile and IZOD notched impact testing. The research results indicated that the flame retardancy and char-forming of PA66 composites had been dramatically improved, especially for sample A-7 with the addition of synergistic agent zinc borate (ZB). Due to the addition of ZB, a very obvious expansion phenomenon was observed during the combustion process, and the combustion residue presented a honeycomb-like microstructure with many dense pores. The addition of ZB not only had a significant synergistic flame retardant effect with AHP on PA66 composites, but also greatly reduced smoke release during combustion, which was crucial for reducing fire hazards. Mechanical testing showed that the addition of synergistic agents ZB and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) can reduce the negative effects of AHP on tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength, which was beneficial for practical engineering applications.
Which emissions belong to us? The case for contributory value-chain emissions accounting
Authors: Barry Christian , Cullity Garrett
Published: January 2025

States and other climate actors now commonly set ‘net zero’ targets – pledging that, by a certain date, they will put no more carbon into the atmosphere than they take out. However, there is controversy over what exactly should count as attaining such targets. The method of emissions accounting that states currently use – territorial emissions accounting – is often criticized as problematic, but a fully satisfactory explanation of the problem is needed. We argue that the key both to understanding the problem and to solving it is that there is a specific kind of cooperative contribution – a mereological contribution – that a national net zero commitment needs to make to global climate action in order to meet the standards that global citizens should hold states to. On this basis, we propose an alternative method – Contributory Value-Chain Accounting – showing how it can be qualified to reflect trade relationships between net-zero-aligned countries, and defending it against the objections that it involves double counting, is infeasible and too informationally demanding, and that it would send the wrong incentive signals.
The effect of non-pharmacological sleep interventions on glycaemic measures in adults with sleep disturbances and behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mostafa Samiul A , Hanif Wasim , Crowe Francesca , Balanos George , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Ellis Jason G , Tahrani Abd A
Published: January 2025

Background

Sleep insufficiency is known to negatively impact on glucose metabolism. Consequently, there is interest in determining the impact of improving sleep on glucose metabolism. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that aimed at improving sleep using cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and/or sleep hygiene or sleep extension on glucose metabolism.

Methods

Searches were performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane. We included studies featuring adults≥18years, a sleep intervention and glycaemic measurements. The pooled mean differences were calculated by the inverse variance method.

Results

24 studies (15 CBT-I and/or sleep hygiene; 9 sleep extension) were included. Meta-analysis of 12 studies ( n = 2,044) of CBT-I and/or sleep hygiene demonstrated a significant reduction in HbA1c of 0.27% (95% CI 0.07, 0.47, I2 74%, p = 0.008) compared to control. In T2DM ( n = 1,911; 9 studies), HbA1c level decrease was 0.43% (0.19, 0.67, I2 59%, p = 0.0004). There were no significant changes in fasting blood glucose analyses nor in any sleep extension intervention. For quality assessment, only 9 studies had low concern.

Conclusions

Using CBT-I and/or sleep hygiene interventions led to significant reductions in HbA1c levels, which were clinically meaningful in T2DM. Addressing sleep insufficiency should be an integral part of diabetes care.

Registration

PROSPERO Identification number: CRD42022376606.
Reinforcement Learning is Impaired in the Sub-acute Post-stroke Period
Authors: Branscheidt Meret , Hadjiosif Alkis M. , Anaya Manuel A. , Keller Jennifer , Widmer Mario , Runnalls Keith D. , Luft Andreas R. , Bastian Amy J. , Krakauer John W. , Celnik Pablo A.
Published: January 2025

Background:

In humans, most spontaneous recovery from motor impairment after stroke occurs in the first 3 months. Studies in animal models show higher responsiveness to training over a similar time-period. Both phenomena are often attributed to a milieu of heightened plasticity, which may share some mechanistic overlap with plasticity associated with normal motor learning.

Objective:

Given that neurorehabilitation approaches are frequently predicated on motor learning principles, here we asked if the sensitivity of trial-to-trial learning for 2 kinds of motor learning processes often involved during rehabilitation is also enhanced early post-stroke. In a cross-sectional design, we compared (1) reinforcement and (2) error-based learning in 2 groups: 1 tested within 3 months after stroke (early group, N = 35) another tested more than 6 months after stroke (late group, N = 30). These 2 forms of motor learning were assessed with variations of the same visuomotor rotation task. Critically, motor execution was matched between the 2 groups.

Results:

Reinforcement learning was impaired in the early but not the late group, whereas error-based learning was unimpaired in either group. These findings could not be attributed to differences in baseline execution, cognitive impairment, gender, age, or lesion volume and location.

Discussion:

The presence of a deficit in reinforcement motor learning in the first 3 months after stroke has important implications for rehabilitation.

Conclusion:

It might be necessary to either increase reinforcement feedback given early after stroke, increase the dose of rehabilitation to compensate, or delay onset of rehabilitation approaches that may rely on reinforcement, for example, constraint-induced movement therapy, and instead emphasize other forms of motor training in the subacute time period.
Comparing In-Person and Remote Qualitative Data Collection Methods for Data Quality and Inclusion: A Scoping Review
Authors: Roberts Julie , Onuegbu Chinwe , Harris Bronwyn , Clark Corinna , Griffiths Frances , Seers Kate , Aktas Puren , Staniszewska Sophie , Boardman Felicity
Published: January 2025

Background: In-person data collection has long been considered the ‘gold standard’ for qualitative data collection. Societal changes and the rapid increase in the use of remote methods during the Covid-19 pandemic intensified debate about the limitations and opportunities of remote data collection, while reigniting questions about data quality and inclusion. Objective: We sought to map available evidence exploring the characteristics and quality of remotely collected qualitative data compared to in-person qualitative data. Eligibility Criteria: A scoping review was conducted of empirical research studies that employed both remote and in-person methods with similar participants, to address the same research question. Sources of Evidence: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus and Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts (ASSIA). The review includes peer reviewed articles published in English since 2000. Methods: Data were extracted from included papers using a data extraction tool based on JBI guidance, adapted to address our research questions. Results: A total of 58 articles are included. These cover a range of research methods and participant groups. Overall, remotely collected data is likely to generate similar themes to data collected in person but more concisely. Sensitive topics may be the exception. Non-verbal data and interaction between participants may be lost but the significance of this for data quality is not as well understood as participants may disclose more information remotely. Conclusions: Researchers should consider the fit of epistemology, population and topic when making decisions about remote data collection. If the benefits of remote data collection for qualitative research are to be fully realised, further research is needed to identify which elements of in-person and remote qualitative data collection are most effective, with which populations and research topics, and how remote data differs from in-person data.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in early pregnancy: A rare and fatal diagnostic challenge
Authors: Rojas-Suarez Jose , Ramos María , Lazarte Isabel , Cifuentes Sofia , Leon Jorge , Castañeda Wendy , Morales Karen , Pajaro Yasaira , Dueñas-Castell Carmelo
Published: January 2025

Objective

This report details the complexities of diagnosing and treating rapid-onset multisystemic hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) during pregnancy, as evidenced by a fatal case in early pregnancy with severe hematological and obstetric complications.

Case presentation

A 20-year-old pregnant woman in her second pregnancy presented at 8 weeks of gestation with abdominal pain, fever, and rectal bleeding. Laboratory tests revealed leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, leading to immediate transfusion and intensive care unit admission. Despite intensive interventions, including vasopressors and antibiotics, the patient developed progressive organ failure, with disseminated intravascular coagulation, and suffered a fatal stroke.

Conclusions

This critical case with severe complications demonstrates the diagnostic and treatment challenges of rapid-onset HLH in early pregnancy. Early and accurate differential diagnosis in obstetric emergencies is vital for conditions such as HLH. This case highlights the importance of multifaceted care in managing pregnant patients with complex, atypical presentations.
A feasibility study of a randomised controlled trial to assess the effect of cryotherapy vs standard treatment following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR)
Authors: Norris Jennie , Roberts Christopher P , Imam Sam Z , Garnham Stephanie
Published: January 2025

Background

It has yet to be established whether cryotherapy is beneficial in reducing pain following rotator cuff repairs. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a RCT investigating whether cryotherapy reduces pain following arthroscopic RCR.

Method

Randomisation into standard care (n = 18) or standard care plus cryotherapy (n = 20) occurred in theatre following arthroscopic RCR. The cryotherapy group used an ICEBAND® device in addition to standard care. VAS scores were self-completed daily for 2 weeks, at 4 and 6 weeks, plus compliance with the ICEBAND® and any issues.

Results

40 out of 62 eligible patients were recruited. 3 patients withdrew. 81% (n = 30) diaries were returned. There were some missing values in 17 questionnaires. During the first 2 days all cryotherapy patients (n = 17) wore the ICEBAND® at least 6 times, with 65% (n = 11) applying it at least 12 times. There were no major complications regarding band use though some patients reported requiring help to apply it.

Conclusion

Overall, the study design is feasible, but some improvements need to be made in methodology especially with respect to data collection. Compliance with the cryotherapy device was good, but a future study needs to ensure there is sufficient support on the ward to teach self-application as able.
The use of an automatic remote weight management system to track treatment response, identified drugs supply shortage and its consequences: A pilot study
Authors: Roth Idan , Cohen Ohad
Published: January 2025

Objective

The objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the feasibility of using an automatic weight management system to follow patients’ response to weight reduction medications and to identify early deviations from weight trajectories.

Methods

The pilot study involved 11 participants using Semaglutide for weight management, monitored over a 12-month period. A cloud-based, Wi-Fi-enabled remote weight management system collected and analyzed daily weight data from smart scales. The system's performance was evaluated during a period marked by a Semaglutide supply shortage.

Results

Participants achieved a cumulative weight loss of 85 kg until a supply shortage-induced trough in October 2022. This was followed by a 6–8 week plateau and a subsequent 13 kg cumulative weight gain. The study demonstrated the feasibility of digitally monitoring weight without attrition over 12 months and highlighted the impact of anti-obesity drug (AOD) supply constraints on weight trajectories.

Conclusions

The remote weight management system proved important for improving clinic efficacy and identifying trends impacting obesity outcomes through electronic data monitoring. The system's potential in increasing medication compliance and enhancing overall clinical outcomes warrants further research, particularly in light of the challenges posed by AOD supply fluctuations.
No Consistent Evidence for Between- and Within-Person Associations Between Objective Social Media Screen Time and Body Image Dissatisfaction: Insights From a Daily Diary Study
Authors: Goh Adalia Y. H. , Hartanto Andree , Kasturiratna K. T. A. Sandeeshwara , Majeed Nadyanna M.
Published: January 2025

With the abundance of social media content that promotes unrealistic beauty standards, there are growing concerns about the potential negative impact of social media use on body image satisfaction. While some studies highlight negative associations, others present null effects, pointing to methodological limitations like biased and unreliable self-reported screen time measures and a focus on singular platforms. Addressing these gaps, our study employed a daily diary method to objectively measure social media screen time across six major platforms ( Twitter, Reddit, TikTok, YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook), alongside daily body image dissatisfaction among 252 young adults ( Mage = 21.67 years, 67.77% female) over 7 days. Through multilevel modeling, our analysis revealed no significant within- or between-person associations between social media screen time and body image dissatisfaction, a finding consistent across all platforms. In addition, the lack of association between social media screen time and body image dissatisfaction was consistent across several exploratory moderators such as sex, self-esteem, and perfectionistic self-presentation. The current study did not find strong evidence supporting the concerns surrounding the potential detrimental link between social media screen time and body image dissatisfaction.
Hybrid Identity Work Strategies of Academic Entrepreneurs: Connection Building and Difference Building
Authors: Montonen Tero
Published: January 2025

The case study examines the identity work of academics who have moved to or are considering a work position in a university spin-off company. The main findings outline two strategies of hybrid identity work and related boundary work tactics through which academics build connections and mark differences between science and business. Connection-building strategy highlights commonalities and shared elements between science and business, while the difference-building strategy emphasizes distinctions and separations between them. The analysis is supported by evidence from longitudinal interviews with academics in Finland actively involved in science-based businesses or contemplating such involvement. The main findings show that these strategies were used by both groups in different sensemaking situations. However, those working full-time in a university spin-off company often adopted the connection-building strategy to legitimize their career shift from academia to industry. Conversely, those considering a future position in a university spin-off often relied on the difference-building strategy to problematize and justify their hesitation in accepting such a position.
Addressing the Underrepresentation of African American Mental Health Professionals: A Call to Action
Authors: Ajluni Victor , Michalopoulou Georgia
Published: January 2025

The mental health workforce in the United States faces a significant challenge: a stark underrepresentation of African American practitioners. This disparity reflects broader issues of racial inequality in healthcare and has far-reaching implications for mental health care delivery, particularly within Black communities. This perspective examines the contributing factors to this underrepresentation, explores its consequences on patient care and research, and proposes strategies to increase diversity in the field. By addressing this issue, we can work towards a more equitable, effective, and culturally responsive mental health care system for all.
Sustainable Human Resource Training: A study of Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Piwowar-Sulej Katarzyna , Iqbal Qaisar
Published: January 2025

In the contemporary world, organizations are expected to introduce human resource management (HRM) practices which foster organizational sustainable development. The latter is based on the integration of environmental, social, and economic goals. Moreover, HRM practices should contribute to the common good. HR training has been found as a means to transfer sustainability theory into practice. However, to be called sustainable, HR training should not only promote employees’ sustainability-oriented behaviours but also be internally sustainable and contribute to common good. Such an approach has not been represented in previous research. Therefore, this study aims to develop a sustainable HR training construct. An exploratory sequential mixed method approach was adopted to develop and validate the measurement scale of sustainable HR training. Data were collected from employees working in different industries of Poland. This study established the second-order construct of sustainable HR training, which comprises equal training opportunities, long-term oriented training, integrated approach to training, focus on well-being, environmental-oriented training, and team building as its first-order dimensions. It also confirmed the nomological validity of the newly developed scale based on its relationship with a company’s sustainable performance. The current research enriched the sustainable HRM literature by offering a high-order sustainable HR training construct. Practitioners and policy makers may employ the designed scale in spurring HR training practices along with enhancing their sustainable performance.
DDAVP response and its determinants in bleeding disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Laan Sebastiaan N.J. , Del Castillo Jessica , Cannegieter Suzanne C , Fijnvandraat Karin , Kruip Marieke J H A , le Cessie Saskia , Bierings Ruben , Eikenboom Jeroen C.J. , van Moort Iris
Published: January 2025

Desmopressin (DDAVP) can be used to prevent or stop bleeding. However, large inter-individual variability is observed in DDAVP response and determinants are largely unknown. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we aim to identify the response to DDAVP, and the factors that determine DDAVP response in patients. We included studies with patients with any bleeding disorder receiving DDAVP. First and second screening round and risk of bias assessment were performed by independent reviewers. The main outcome was proportion of patients with complete (factor level > 50 U/dL), or partial (30-50 U/dL) response to DDAVP. Determinants of response including disease type, age, sex, Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII) mutations, and baseline factor levels were investigated. In total, 591 articles were found and 103 were included. Of these, 71 articles (1772 patients) were suitable for the study's definition of response. Meta-analysis showed a pooled response proportion of 0·71 [0·64;0·78] and a significant difference in response between disease subtypes. For hemophilia A, baseline FVIII:C was a borderline significant determinant of response. In von Willebrand disease (VWD) type 1 patients, VWF:Ag, VWF:Act and FVIII:C were significant determinants. A large variation in response was observed for specific mutations in VWF and F8. Response to DDAVP varied between disease subtypes, and was largely determined by the baseline levels of FVIII:C for hemophilia A and VWF:Ag for VWD. Our findings highlight the significant differences in response and emphasize the need for a standardized response definition and further research into response mechanisms.
Reduced white matter integrity and disrupted brain network in children with type 2 and 3 spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Nie Huirong , Lan Shasha , Wang Huan , Xiang Pei , Yan Mengzhen , Fan Yang , Shen Wanqing , Li Yijuan , Tang Wen , Yang Zhiyun , Liang Yujian , Chen Yingqian
Published: January 2025

Background

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by reduced expression of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Previous studies indicated SMA causes not only lower motor neuron degeneration but also extensive brain involvement. This study aimed to investigate the changes of brain white matter and structural network using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in children with type 2 and 3 SMA.

Methods

Forty-two type 2 and 3 pediatric SMA patients and 42 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were prospectively enrolled in this study. The tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to assess white matter integrity and the structural network properties were calculated based on DTI white matter fiber tracking and the graph theory approach. A partial correlation was performed to explore the relationship between white matter parameters and clinical characteristics.

Results

In total, 42 patients (mean age, 10.86 ± 4.07 years; 23 men) were included. TBSS analysis revealed widespread white matter changes in SMA patients. The SMA patients showed changes in multiple small-world and network efficiency parameters. Compared to the HC group, SMA showed increased characteristic path length (Lp), normalized clustering coefficient (γ), small-world characteristic (σ), and decreased global efficiency (Eglob) (all p < 0.05). In the node properties, right supramarginal gyrus, right orbital part of superior frontal gyrus, right supplementary motor area, and left median cingulate and paracingulate gyri changed in SMA patients. A decreased axial diffusivity (AD) value was associated with lower Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded scores (r = 0.45, p = 0.02), which means that the symptoms of SMA patients are more severe.

Conclusions

This study found white matter and DTI-based brain network abnormalities in SMA patients, suggesting SMN protein deficiency may affect white matter development.
Genomic and mutational analysis of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis EB037 pathogenicity on sunflower
Authors: Maul Jude E. , Lydon John , Lakshman Dilip , Willard Colin , Kong Hyesuk , Roberts Daniel P.
Published: January 2025

Background

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (Pstag) causes apical chlorosis on sunflower and various other plants of the Asteraceae family. Whole genome sequencing of Pstag strain EB037 and transposon-mutant derivatives, no longer capable of causing apical chlorosis, was conducted to improve understanding of the molecular basis of disease caused by this pathogen.

Results

A tripartite pathogenicity island (TPI) for a Type III secretion system (T3SS) with the complete hrp-hrc gene cluster and conserved effector locus was detected in the Pstag genome. The exchange effector region of the TPI contained genes potentially functioning in detoxification of the environment as well as two integrases, but no previously described T3SS effector homologues. In all, the Pstag EB037 genome contained homologues for at least 44 T3SS effectors with 30 having known functions. Plasmids similar with pTagA and pTagB of P. syringae pv. tagetis ICMP 4091 were also identified in the Pstag genome. The pTagA-like plasmid contained a complete Type IV secretion system (T4SS) with associated putative killer protein. Mutational analysis using transposon insertions within genes functioning in the T3SS and T4SS confirmed the role of both secretion systems and these plasmids in apical chlorosis. Transposon mutagenesis identified an additional 22 genes in loci, including two more plasmid-bound loci, involved in apical chlorosis on sunflower; some with known importance in other plant or animal pathosystems.

Conclusions

Apical chlorosis disease caused by Pstag EB037 is the result of a complex set of mechanisms. This study identified a TPI and homologues for at least 44 T3SS effectors, 30 of which with known functions in disease, and another 20 genes in loci correlated with apical chlorosis on sunflower. Two plasmids were detected that were correlated with apical chlorosis disease, one of which contained a complete T4SS that was correlated with disease. To our knowledge, we provide the first direct evidence for a T4SS functioning in disease by a pathogenic P. syringae strain.