bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On writing ‘Woods for the Trees’ and the spaciousness of collaborative short fiction
Authors: Maftei Micaela , Tansley Laura
Published: September 2018

A co-written short story, ‘Woods for the Trees’, is followed by an essay reflecting on its composition. The authors focus especially on character, story and the complexities of expressing transitional moments in women’s lives.
Segmentivity, narrativity and the short form: The Twitter stories of Moody, Egan and Mitchell
Authors: D’hoker Elke
Published: September 2018

This article seeks to complement existing media-based approaches to Twitter fiction with a genre-based approach that considers it in the context of the genre and the tradition of the short story. After a brief introductory overview of Twitter fiction, I discuss three Twitter stories, written by established authors: Rick Moody’s ‘Some Contemporary Characters’ (2009), Jennifer Egan’s ‘Black Box’ (2012) and David Mitchell’s ‘The Right Sort’ (2014a). In a close textual analysis of these stories, I trace the impact of the Twitter format on the style, plot, themes and narrative techniques of these short stories. More particularly, I show how each of these works combines poetic and narrative techniques, or what DuPlessis has called ‘segmentivity’ and ‘narrativity’, in a different way. Finally, the conclusion considers the characteristics of these Twitter stories in the light of the tradition and the genre of the modern short story more in general.
‘Instant Junk’: The Thing (1982), the box-office gross factor, and reviews from another world
Authors: Barnett Vincent L.
Published: September 2018

This article provides a detailed examination of the production budget and then the opening, the ongoing and the total US and international box-office revenue of John Carpenter’s very influential 1982 terror film The Thing. It then uses this analysis to understand in more depth why the film was a commercial failure on its first release in relation to various hypothesized reasons for failure that have been proposed in the literature, and in relation to the commercial performances of Carpenter’s other genre films such as Halloween, The Fog and Escape from New York. It also examines some of the methods of financing used on Carpenter’s films and the impact of the commercial failure of The Thing on US horror films more widely. It argues, controversially, that of all the factors that have been considered, there was one main factor that accounted for the initial box-office failure of The Thing (very negative reviews); the other factors that have been suggested were either minor additional elements, or are seen not to apply to the film when they are considered in more detail.
Aplicação da estatística multivariada no diagnóstico do processo de salinização em açudes do semiárido nordestino, Ceará/Brasil
Authors: Siqueira Jose Batista , Lima Sanmy Silveira
Published: September 2018

No estado do Ceará há diversos açudes utilizados para mitigar os impactos das secas para as populações. Entretanto as águas desses açudes estão sendo afetadas por diferentes processos de salinização, afetando sua qualidade e conseqüente uso. Este trabalho refere-se ao estudo dos açudes Trici e Favelas, sub-bacia do Alto Jaguaribe/CE, localizada a Sudeste do Município de Tauá, visando estabelecer um diagnóstico do processo de salinização.  Portanto para estabelecer um diagnóstico da causa ou causas da salinização nas bacias hidrográficas dos açudes Favelas e Trici no estado do Ceará, foram geradas informações para as duas bacias. Dentre elas destacam-se as amostragens de águas, nas quais foram abordadas as variáveis temperatura da água (TH2O), condutividade elétrica (CE µS/cm), pH (concentração hidrogeniônica do meio), potencial de oxidação e redução (ORP), sólidos totais dissolvidos (TDS). Para analisar os dos obtidos foram aplicadas estatística univariada e as técnicas estatísticas multivariadas da análise de componentes principais (PCA) e análise discriminante, com auxilio do software PAST 3. Considerando os resultados estatísticos e da análise estatística multivariada das variáveis TH2O, CE µS/cm, pH, ORP e TDS, tanto no na bacia do açude Favelas como do Trici, verifica-se que elas apresentam comportamentos diferentes. Portanto justificando, a influência dos diferentes processos de salinização que estão ocorrendo nas duas bacias.
Method to Generate Electric Power and Hydrogen in the Absence Of External Energy
Authors: Ono Katsutoshi
Published: September 2018

This paper describes the theoretical foundations for the electric power and hydrogen generator that functions with zero energy input without violating the laws of thermodynamics. This generation system is a combined energy cycle consisting of the H2O=H2+1/2O2 reduction reaction performed by the water electrolytic cell and the H2+1/2O2=H2O oxidation reaction performed by the fuel cell. This electrolytic method differs from the conventional electrolytic scheme in that if a quasi-static process is assumed, so that the theoretical power requirement is only 17% of the total energy required. This method performs electrostatic-to-chemical energy conversion by electrostatic-induction potential-superposed electrolytic scheme. If this electrolytic cell that delivers the pure stoichiometric H2-O2 mixture is combined with a fuel cell to form an energy cycle, then this may lead to the concepts of a hydrogen redox electric power generator and a hydrogen redox hydrogen generator that use alkaline water electrolyte or solid polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for both electrolytic cell and fuel cell. In the power generator, part of power delivered by the fuel cell is returned to the electrolytic cell, and the remainder represents the net power output. According to calculations based on data from the operational conditions for commercially available electrolytic cell and fuel cell, more than 70% of the power delivered from the fuel cell can be extracted outside the cycle as net power output without the use of any external source of energy.
Fostering transformational teacher agency in Finnish teacher education
Authors: Matikainen Minni , Männistö Perttui , Fornaciari Aleksi
Published: September 2018

In this article, we studied how well teacher education in Finland is able to answer the changing needs of the contemporary world. More precisely, we focussed on the question of how well an alternative teacher education model guides teacher students’ agency towards a transformational view of the teaching profession, making it possible for schools to enable social change. This question was studied in the framework of critical social pedagogy. The data for this article was collected ethnographically by observing meetings in the Critical Integrative Teacher Education (CITE) programme at the University of Jyväskylä in 2015–2017.

The analysis is based on a theoretical background in which we outline two different discourses on the concept of teachers’ agency. The first promotes schools’ role in conservation; teachers are expected to educate obedient and uncritical citizens to maintain steady economic growth. The second discourse is defined as critical and emancipatory, where the education pursues transformation in students’ underlying attitudes and a deeper understanding of education and society.

The results showed that the CITE model fosters teacher students’ critical self-reflection and understanding of group phenomena considering education. The students’ ability to understand schools in a social context also develops. However, CITE seems to struggle in transforming the students’ thinking and understanding into actions. According to the data, feelings of inability, cynicism and a lacklustre ability to understand concretely how teachers can have an impact on society through their profession prevent a more complete transformation in the students’ everyday modes of action. A stronger community perspective, collaboration with institutions outside teacher education, the enabling of group-oriented action and the provision of real-life experiences regarding the transformation could better help to develop future teachers’ agency towards transformational views.
History and Main Trends in the Development of Copyright
Authors: BONDARENKO Natalia Grigoryevna , ALLALYEV Ruslan Muradovich , SMIRNOV Mikhail Guramovich , DUDCHENKO Ann V. , STRIZHOVA Ekaterina Valentinovna
Published: September 2018

The article defines the history, development trends and some problematic provisions of copyright law. The relevance of the study is caused by the tendency to tighten copyright legislation. The purpose of the study is to explore the genesis of the institute of copyright and its modern state. Among the objectives set to achieve this objective there is identifying the causes and features of the legal regulation of authorship in different countries, analyzing the activities of global organizations that control the main international agreements in the area under study, identifying the main problems of the sphere, explaining their causes and offering a solution. The study provides various scientific perspectives on legal instruments for regulating the sphere. The domestic, foreign and international regulatory framework for creative results is analyzed. The reasons, origins of this institution and the prospects for further development are raised. The nature of the institution of copyright and the comparison of its development in different countries are identified. The essential conditions for the appearance of copyright in a given country are indicated. As a result of the study, the overall status of the studied area is summarized. The results of the study of different views on the mentioned problems are presented, and solutions to address the scientific and social interests are proposed. The scientific novelty and significance of this study are that the copyright institute is considered in the article as unique in nature and originally English phenomenon served to the creation of an autonomous world legislative network dictating further conditions for the participating countries.
Traffic Violations: A Study of Measures Aimed at Bringing Perpetrators to Justice
Authors: KHAKIMOV Yerzhan Maratovich
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted to a study of administrative and legal enforcement actions against violators of road safety (RS) laws used in the Republic of Kazakhstan and some foreign countries. The aim of the present article is to analyze ways of bringing to justice the perpetrators of traffic offences in the national legislation of Kazakhstan and some foreign countries, to assess their effectiveness and the possibility of using foreign experience in the national legal field. The article examines the foreign organizational and legal experience in the application of administrative responsibility for violators of RS laws and the administrative regulations of Kazakhstan; the conclusions have been made, and the recommendations for further improvement of measures to bring to justice violators of RS laws have been given. The author subjects the use of the fine as the main mechanism for bringing to justice perpetrators of the traffic violations to fair criticism. Based on the study of normative materials on administrative law and the experience of foreign countries in counteraction to RS violations, the author suggests ways to eliminate causes and conditions for committing traffic safety violations and formulates the proposals for further improvement of the administrative legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular, excluding the prevarication when using the data of photo and video fixation of traffic offences. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and practical activities in addressing the issues of law violation prevention, the comparative characteristics of the norms of responsibility for RS violations of Kazakhstan and foreign countries laws, and in the subsequent reform of statutory regulations on administrative offences.
Codification of the Natural Resource Legislation in the Russian Empire
Authors: NAVASARDOVA Eleonora Sergeevna , NUTRIKHIN Roman Vladimirovich , ZINOVYEVA Tatyana Nikolaevna , SHISHKIN Vladimir Aleksandrovich , JOLUDEVA Julia Valeryevna
Published: September 2018

The codification of the legislation on lands, forests, subsoil and other natural resources in the Russian Empire (1721-1917) is studied herein. Some sources of the systematization process in this field of legislation in the period, preceding the formation of the empire, from the time of the ʼCouncil Codeʼ to the reforms of Peter I (1649-1720) are revealed. Initially, the formation of the legal regulation in this field had the form of adoption of numerous separate legal acts. Such law-making methods were casual in nature and resulted in the emergence of internal contradictions in the legislation, which became too extensive and inconsistent. This was the strong reason for the urgent need for its systematization. The land law was most developed in Russia in the pre-imperial and imperial periods, which was due to the prevalence of agricultural production and the special importance of land relations. The land legislation was codified prior to other natural resource industries. The second most important in this area was the forest legislation. This was explained by the abundance of forests and their active use in economic activities, which required serious legal regulation. The importance of subsoil legislation had increased over time, due to increased exploitation of mineral resources. Later, water and faunal law began to develop actively and systematically. The milestone in the development of natural resource industries was M.M. Speransky's codification reform, the main result of which was the appearance of the ʼCode of Laws of the Russian Empireʼ. The separate codes included in it were specifically devoted to land, forest and mineral relations. First of all, they were the ʼCode of Survey Lawsʼ (vol. X), the ʼCode of Institutions and Forest Chartersʼ (vol. VIII) and the ʼCode of Institutions and Mineral Chartersʼ (vol. VII), which, however, were only the part of the array of legal norms on lands, forests and subsoil. Other volumes of the Code of Laws contained a large number of them. The norms of water and faunal law had no separate codes. Their systematization was carried out in the charters of the related branches of law. Along with this codification, a large number of separate normative nature-resource acts were issued. Not all of them were organically included in the relevant codes; they simply joined them as the official annexes. The systematization of the legislation on natural resources in the empire was not very consistent and was not always successful (Engelstein 1993: 339). Even after the most extensive imperial codification, it remained extremely fragmented. However, the demerger of certain natural resource charters from the Code of Laws as the separate codification units indicated the beginning of the formation of the land, forest and mineral law in pre-revolutionary Russia as the independent branches.
Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan Regarding Criminal Infractions and the Law Enforcement Practice
Authors: NURKHAN Aibar S.
Published: September 2018

Studying of issues regarding criminal infractions – whether intended or imprudent – plays quite a significant role. Fundamental changes taking part in world economy and politics, globalization processes, as well as internal dynamics of country development, undoubtedly, have impact on national legal framework, including criminal law. Therefore, the main goal of the present paper is the analysis of legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding criminal infractions and the law enforcement practice. To reach this goal authors have used methods of comparison, analysis and data systematization. As a result it has been found that in Kazakhstan there are at average 4,3 registered criminal infractions per a convict. The term of criminal infraction has appeared in the Criminal Code in 2014 to cover offences of small gravity and administrative violations that cannot be referred to the sphere of state administration. Authors have revealed the punishment in the present day Kazakhstan is not a main form of criminal responsibility realization. In the majority of cases linked to criminal infractions the persons committed them are relieved from criminal responsibility at the stage of prejudicial inquiry.
Forensic Examination as the Main Form of Using Special Knowledge in the Civil and Arbitration Process
Authors: VORONIN Sergey A.
Published: September 2018

Considering the classification of forensic examinations, it is necessary to consider the classification task of a General theory of judicial examination of common problems and practical forensic activities. This article reveals the full extent of the use of special knowledge from the expert during the examination in civil and arbitration process. Deals with the practical tasks of forensic activities, problems of the theory examination and the classification of expert tasks in the civil and arbitration process. It is interesting to consider another classification of expert tasks – the level of elaboration of methods of their solution. On this basis the tasks are divided into standard (algorithmization) and custom (heuristic, creative). Algorithmically the process of solving standard tasks are presented in the form of a developed and scientifically based techniques of expert research facilities – techniques of forensic examinations. It is interesting to consider another classification of expert tasks – the level of elaboration of methods of their solution. On this basis the tasks are divided into standard (algorithmization) and custom (heuristic, creative). Algorithmically the process of solving standard tasks are presented in the form of a developed and scientifically based techniques of expert research facilities – techniques of forensic examinations.
Manisnya Kopi di Era Liberal: Perkebunan Kopi Afdeling Malang, 1870-1930
Authors: Afgani Rixvan , Husain Sarkawi B.
Published: September 2018

This article discusses about the coffee plantation at Afdeling Malang in 1870-1930 with the dynamics of emergence on the agrarian laws during liberal period. This research uses historical method. It shows that the journey of coffee plantation during that time had been fluctuated. To achieve the expected production, foreign private investora were involved to establish new plantations or branch of the plantation (with the same brand). They did the nusery on coffee plants, the use of various types such as Robusta, Arabica/Java and Liberia. Towards 1898 until 1910s, bladziektedisease suffered coffee plants. The coffee production was decreased, it needed the another coffee variety that could more resist from disease. The malaisecrisis in 1930 had influenced coffee plantation, due to the number of coffee plantations were decrease, it affected the production that was lower compare than before.
Harian Rakjat “Mengangkat” Suara Dari Bawah: Rubrik Asmu Menjawab Dalam Memberitakan Suara Petani Terkait Kasus Landreform 1961-1965
Authors: Rakhmanto Bambang
Published: September 2018

This article discusses the role of Harian Rakjat to established public opinion via citizen journalists. It aimed to seek sympathy from the peasants when implemented land-reform policies as stipulated in the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). The discussion was carried out by examining the articles of the resident that reviewed responded the issue of land ownership in the column of Asmu Menjawab. By using the historical method and applying discourse analysis theory, this study succeeded to find the implementation of land reform policies reaped many pros and cons among the community. The implementation of land reform in Java according to the testimonies was then used by the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) as political propaganda in its practical politics.
KAJIAN KAPASITAS RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP BENCANA KABUT ASAP DI KELURAHAN BANSIR DARAT, KOTA PONTIANAK
Authors: Sutrisno Aji Rio , Suroso Djoko Santoso Abi
Published: September 2018

Forest and land fires (karhutla) in Indonesia cause environmental degradation, economic losses and health problems. The phenomenon of Strong El Nino becomes a natural factor that exacerbates the condition of karhutla, efforts to reduce the risk of karhutla by preventing, reducing and tackling the karhutla continue to be pursued by the government. The haze of karhutla becomes a problem in itself, the extent of exposed areas and dangerous particles disrupt the activities of the community, especially health problems. Disaster risk reduction efforts can be done by increasing capacity, while one type of capacity in the community is household capacity. The purpose of this study is to review the capacity of households in the face of smoke haze karhutla, the location chosen to conduct the study is Kelurahan Bansir Darat, Pontianak City-West Kalimantan. The discussion begins with determining the criteria of household capacity, the data sampling technique is non probability sampling in the form of systematic sampling through questionnaire amounting to 110 and the method of data analysis is done quantitatively descriptive and quantitative associations. Identified household characteristics were age group, occupation group and settlement type, household capacity calculation showed that 21.82% were ready, 28.18% were not ready and 50.00% were adequately prepared for the disaster, found significant relationship between work groups with household capacity and type of settlement with household capacity.
SPILLOVER SPASIAL NEGATIF PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI ANTAR KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Laksono Hani , Rustiadi Ernan , Siregar Hermanto
Published: September 2018

Various studies have been conducted to conceive the factors of regional economic growth and its nature in order to obtain the right formulation of regional development policy. The main aim of this research is exploring the spatial influence of economic growth in East Java Province. The result of Lagrange Multiplier test shows that the regencies/cities economic growth affects each other in the long term. Parameters estimation on spatial lag model shows that the spatial influence of economic growth inter regencies/cities is negative. These indicate that development activities in East Java Province have not been get synergistic yet.
ANALYSIS OF USE ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION ON BODY MASS INDEX OF POPULATION CITY IN BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Muliarto Hendro , Pertiwi Rizka Firdausi , Alhamidi Alhamidi , Agustin Fradina
Published: September 2018

Active transport is any form of human powered transportation such as walking and cycling. Active transport can reduce the risk of obesity estimated through body mass index. This study aims to determine the tendency of active transportation of the Bandar Lampung resident and its correlation to body mass reaction rate. Data were collected on 400 respondents as sample who height and weight was measured and given questionnaire. The results showed that the highest active transportation choice of respondents was walking to the workplace (22.0%) and activity at leisure time (30.3%). That value was lower than respondents who chose motorcycles (61.1% for work, 37.7% for dropping children to school, 70.4% while shopping and 50.0% for leisure activities). The was no significant correlation between the duration of walking and cycling in the last seven days to the level of the respondent's body mass index.
PERBEDAAN HARMONI SOSIAL PENGHUNI RUMAH SUSUN DAN PENGHUNI RUMAH TAPAK DI KAWASAN TEBET, JAKARTA
Authors: Wiranegara Hanny Wahidin , Arninda Putri , Harefa Yosua
Published: September 2018

Housing development has to be directed to establish a spatial community characterized by the bond among members and place attachment to their living space. The moving outside of inhabitants can be caused by low social harmony or low functional conditions of their housing. It can be happened in flats as well as in landed housing. Social harmony is the condition of the bond among inhabitants including a bond of value, a bond of feeling, and a common action. It is an important element to establish a community. This research aims are identifying the difference of social harmony between the inhabitants of flats and landed houses, as well as identifying the elements of functional conditions of housing that affect social harmony. The research design used questionnaire survey using Likert’s scale. Tebet area was chosen as the study area because there are landed houses and flats inside. The results showed that there was the difference of social harmony between the two types of housing. Social harmony in flats was lower. There are two kinds of housing functions affecting social harmony in both types of housing were economic function and service function. Hence, in housing planning besides the availability of social-economic facilities and utilities, also important to be considered about how these function running well in order to keep the social harmony among its inhabitants next come into being as a community.
Pedagogika „na twardo” i/lub „na miękko”?
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław
Published: September 2018

The article elaborates on the condition of partial moral anomy in the academic environment, in Poland that not only weakens the ethical causal power of scientific staff, but also results in weakening social capital and also in pathologies in the process of scientific promotion. The narration has been subject to a metaphor of eggs (equivalent of types of scientific publications or a contradiction thereof) and their hatching in various types of hens breeding (scientific or pseudo academic schools) in order to sharpen the conditions and results of academic dishonesty and dysfunction and to notice problems in reviewing scientific degrees and titles’ dissertations.
Twórczość Innego – nowa wartość w sztuce i w społeczeństwie?
Authors: Nieduziak Edyta
Published: September 2018

This article deals with the issues of creativity of people with disabilities and their social values. The starting point is the category of Another as saturated with pejorative meanings – in a social but positive context in the study of creativity. The combination of these contradictory approaches is reflected in the art brut, represented by artists with mental incompetence. Their creativity dictated by internal compulsion is presented as the work of marginalized people. The social context, as well as the type of disability that determines the way in which this art is treated: from the rejection of, for example, the early time of Nikifor's works, to the complete recognition of, for example, F. Kahlo's painting. The basic question, however, comes down to the question of the value of this art for man. Referring to the philosophy of E. Levinas, the author seeks to show that despite the assumption of the unknowability of another human being, the greatest value of the Other art is the ability to experience, to see though a fragment of the world of artists determined by the disability.
Who Estimates When It’s Not Required? the Case of Subrogation
Authors: Ames Daniel , Graden Bryan S. , Sankara Jomo
Published: September 2018

The ability of an insurer to pursue and collect money from responsible third parties for paid claims is referred to as subrogation. For some insurers, the amount to be recovered may be significant and, if accrued for, represents an estimate that could be used by management to affect earnings. This study investigates factors associated with insurers’ choice to accrue subrogation for statutory accounting. For statutory accounting, where insurers can choose whether to accrue subrogation or exclude it as an offset to the claims liability, we find that publicly-traded (mutually-owned) insurers are significantly more (less) likely to accrue subrogation than privately-owned insurers. In addition, we find that publicly-traded (mutual) insurers with weak ratings are less (more) likely to accrue subrogation. Finally, we find that insurers with large amounts of subrogation are more likely to accrue subrogation, consistent with these types of insurers having the strongest incentive to influence earnings through the subrogation accrual. Our results provide evidence suggesting that insurers respond to their incentives when choosing whether to accrue subrogation for statutory reporting.
Optimization of Aqueous NH4+/NH3 Photodegradation by ZnO/Zeolite Y Composites Using Response Surface Modeling
Authors: Shokrollahi Azin , Sharifnia Shahram
Published: September 2018

In this study, ZnO/Zeolite Y composites were synthesized by the solid state dispersion method and employed in order to investigate their photocatalytic performance in NH4+/NH3 removal from an aqueous solution. FTIR spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, SEM and EDX analyses were applied to characterize these composites. The three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD), as one of the response surface methodology (RSM), was used to achieve maximum removal of aqueous NH4+/NH3 under optimum conditions by ZnO/Zeolite Y composites. The effects of parameters such as ZnO loading (10–50 wt %), initial pollutant concentration (25–315 mg/L) and solution pH (3–11) as well as their interactions were determined on removal of NH4+/NH3 by the mentioned method. It was found that pH of the solution with the percentage contribution of 86.79 %, was the most important parameter among the others. A second-order polynomial equation was well fitted on the experimental data with the determination coefficient value of 0.9932 and the adjusted determination coefficient value of 0.9864. It could not describe only 0.68 % of observed changes in the response. The predicted removal percentage of NH4+/NH3 at the optimal conditions (pH = 11, NH4+/NH3 initial concentration (207.21 mg/L) and ZnO loading (45.02 wt %)) was achieved 62.26 %, which was in agreement with its experimental value (65 %) obtained in similar conditions.
The Catalytic Performance of Sol-Gel Alumina Supported Ti-Ce Catalysts for H2S Selective Oxidation to Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Mehmet Tasdemir H. , Yagizatli Yavuz , Yasyerli Sena , Yasyerli Nail
Published: September 2018

In this study, alumina supported Ti-Ce catalysts (10 % by weight and Ti/Ce molar ratio is 4:1) were prepared by using wet impregnation method and their catalytic activities were tested in H2S selective oxidation to elemental sulfur. The support alumina was synthesized by classical (SGC) and modified (SGM) sol-gel methods. The N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, XPS, EDS and FTIR techniques were used to characterize the synthesized catalysts. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms showed that both catalysts have mesoporous structure. Only γ-Al2O3 crystalline phase together with amorphous structure were observed in the XRD patterns. The pyridine adsorbed FTIR analyzes showed that 10 %Ti-Ce@SGC and 10 %Ti-Ce@SGM catalysts have the same Lewis acidity. The activity tests were carried out at 250 °C and with a stoichiometric feed ratio of O2 to H2S being 0.5 for two different reaction times as 150 and 510 min. Complete conversion of H2S was obtained during 180 min. and 330 min. of reaction time over 10 %Ti-Ce@SGC and 10 %Ti-Ce@SGM, respectively. However, all catalysts showed very high sulfur selectivity. Sulfur deposition was detected over 10 %Ti-Ce@SGC catalyst both 150 and 510 min. of reaction time while it was observed after 510 min. of durability test over 10 %Ti-Ce@SGM catalyst. This can be the reason for the earlier loss of catalytic activity 10 %Ti-Ce@SGC than 10 %Ti-Ce@SGM.
Rethinking the Kantian Peace: Evidence from a Liberal, Moderate, and Conservative Measure of Norm Diffusion
Authors: Millard Matt
Published: September 2018

This article revisits in today’s global setting the debate among international relations scholars over the so-called Kantian or democratic peace. In particular, it argues that findings made by S. M. Mitchell in a seminal 2002 article in the American Journal of Political Science regarding the diffusion of norms via third party conflict resolution relied upon a questionable methodology and now require belated revision. An alternative measure of norm diffusion would rely upon the proportion of democratic states, particularly contiguous states, in a given region. Moreover, a more detailed look at such diffusion after 1945 suggests important differences over the viability of democratic peace, especially regarding state behavior outside the Western Hemisphere.
Discursive representation: Semiotics, theory, and method
Authors: Matus Pablo
Published: September 2018

Although representation may be a recurrent theme in research on journalism and advertising, as well as in studies of other social discourses, there may be less clarity regarding its epistemological and methodological aspects. One example is the frequent use of Social Representations Theory (Moscovici), despite its research object is a cognitive phenomenon. Beginning with a literature review in which I examine several sources (for example, sign theory, the philosophy of language, and rhetoric), the following article presents a theory of discursive representation, as well as associated semiotic, epistemological, and methodological theories. My aim is to provide a conceptual framework to help guide and prompt further research in this area.
Measuring Decrement in Change-of-Direction Speed Across Repeated Sprints in Basketball: Novel vs. Traditional Approaches
Authors: Scanlan Aaron T. , Madueno Maria C. , Guy Joshua H. , Giamarelos Kate , Spiteri Tania , Dalbo Vincent J.
Published: September 2018

Scanlan, AT, Madueno, MC, Guy, JH, Giamarelos, K, Spiteri, T, and Dalbo, VJ. Measuring decrement in change-of-direction speed across repeated sprints in basketball: Novel vs. traditional approaches. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 841–845, 2021—Approaches to quantify decrement in change-of-direction speed during repeated sprints in basketball players have traditionally used total performance time, which is strongly influenced by linear speed. The purpose of this study was to compare performance decrement across change-of-direction sprints using total performance time and a novel approach that better isolates change-of-direction speed, termed change-of-direction deficit (CODD). Semiprofessional basketball players (N = 8; 19.9 ± 1.5 years; 183.0 ± 9.6 cm; 77.7 ± 16.9 kg) completed 12 × 20-m change-of-direction sprints (Agility 5-0-5 trials) with 20-second recoveries between each sprint. Agility 5-0-5 performance time was taken as the duration to cover 5 m immediately before and after (10 m in total) a 180° directional change. Change-of-direction deficit was calculated as the difference between mean 10- and 20-m split time determined during reference 20-m linear sprints in a separate session and Agility 5-0-5 time in each sprint. Performance decrement was calculated for each approach as: ([total time/ideal time] × 100) − 100. Comparisons between approaches were made using a paired-sample t-test, effect size analyses, and magnitude-based inferences. A significantly greater (P < 0.001; effect size = 2.16, very large; almost certainly higher) performance decrement was apparent using CODD (5.99 ± 1.88%) than Agility 5-0-5 performance time (2.84 ± 0.84%). The present findings indicate that change-of-direction speed measured with CODD shows promise in providing different insight and deteriorates more than total performance time during repeated sprints in basketball players. Change-of-direction deficit has potential to better isolate decrements in change-of-direction speed across repeated sprints compared with total performance time.
Oxygen Uptake, Heart Rate, and Lactate Responses for Continuous Forward Running and Stop-and-Go Running With and Without Directional Changes
Authors: Bekraoui Nabyl , Boussaidi Lamia , Cazorla Georges , Léger Luc
Published: September 2018

Bekraoui, N, Boussaidi, L, Cazorla, G, and Léger, L. Oxygen uptake, heart rate, and lactate responses for continuous forward running and stop-and-go running with and without directional changes. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 699–707, 2020—The purpose of this study is to measure and quantify the differences for the gross oxygen uptake (V̇o
2), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate ([LA]) responses to various modes of in-line running. Twelve healthy participants did an indirect continuous multistage field test to determine the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) before randomly performing in separate sessions 1 of the 3 running protocols at 3 intensities (60, 70, and 80% MAS) (a) in-line continuous running (IR), (b) fractioned running (FR) with stop and go every 20 m, and (c) 20-m shuttle run (SR). V̇o
2 varied between 34.2 ± 2.5 and 54.6 ± 5.4 ml·kg−1·min−1, HR between 141 ± 14 and 184 ± 9 b·min−1, and [LA] between 4.2 ± 0.8 and 6.6 ± 0.9 mmol·L−1. In-line continuous running V̇o
2 was lower than those of SR and FR at all intensities (p < 0.05). However, SR V̇o
2 were higher than those of FR at 80% MAS only. Heart rate was similar in SR and FR but lower in IR at all intensities (p < 0.05). No significant differences were recorded in [LA]. Because only V̇o
2 was affected by the introduction of a 180° angle directional change (SR vs. FR) at 80% MAS, the use of HR to assess such activities at such intensities will result in underestimating workloads. This study offers new insights into V̇o
2, HR, and [LA] associated with accelerations while running with and without directional changes at submaximal speeds.
Normative Data and Physical Determinants of Multiple Sprint Sets in Young Soccer Players Aged 11–18 Years: Effect of Maturity Status
Authors: Selmi Mohamed Amin , Sassi Radhouane Haj , Yahmed Mohamed Haj , Giannini Silvana , Perroni Fabrizio , Elloumi Mohamed
Published: September 2018

Selmi, MA, Sassi, RH, Yahmed, MH, Giannini, S, Perroni, F, and Elloumi, M. Normative data and physical determinants of multiple sprint sets in young soccer players aged 11–18 years: Effect of maturity status. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 506–515, 2020—The aims of the study were: (a) to establish normative data for repeated-sprint sets (RSS) test based on the maturity status (age at peak height velocity [PHV]) and (2) to investigate the relationship between anthropometrical variables (stature, sitting height, body mass, and body fat percentage), RSS (2 × 5 × 20 m with 15-second recovery between sprints and 1-minute recovery between sets), and fitness tests {squat jump, countermovement jump, standing long jump, standing triple jump, 5-jump test, and 20-m shuttle run (multistage shuttle run test [MSRT])}. Young male soccer players (n = 262; age: 14.5 ± 2.9 years) were evaluated and classified into 4 groups according to their maturity status: pre-PHV, circum-PHV1, circum-PHV2, post-PHV. An analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc were used to determine maturity group differences (p ≤ 0.05), whereas Pearson's correlation was used between variables. Repeated-sprint sets' indices (sum of sprint times [SST] and best sprint time [BST]) were significantly different between the maturity groups. Significant correlations between SST with body mass (from −0.73 to −0.33) and MSRT (from −0.49 to −0.30) among each maturity group were found. With the different maturity groups, correlations between SST (s), BST (s), and vertical jump (cm) (r = −0.63 to −0.25 and r = −0.68 to −0.23) and horizontal jump (m) (r = −0.70 to −0.38 and r = −0.63 to −0.43) were observed. Repeated-sprint sets' values improve during maturation of young soccer players and the correlations between RSS and fitness tests vary through the maturity groups. This information could be useful for the coach to identify talent and to prescribe specific physical training to improve performance.
Range of Motion Adaptations in Powerlifters
Authors: Gadomski Stephen J. , Ratamess Nicholas A. , Cutrufello Paul T.
Published: September 2018

Gadomski, SJ, Ratamess, NA, and Cutrufello, PT. Range of motion adaptations in powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3020–3028, 2018—The aim of this study was to investigate range of motion (ROM) and training patterns in powerlifters. Upper- and lower-extremity passive ROMs were assessed through goniometry in 15 male powerlifters (35.3 ± 13.7 years) and 15 age-matched controls (34.9 ± 14.6 years). The Apley scratch test and modified Thomas test were used to assess ROM across multiple joints. Training frequency, stretching frequency, and exercise selection were recorded using questionnaires. Passive glenohumeral (GH) extension, internal rotation, and external rotation ROM were significantly decreased in powerlifters (p < 0.050). Powerlifters displayed decreased ROM in the Apley scratch test in both dominant (p = 0.015) and nondominant (p = 0.025) arms. However, knee extension angle was markedly improved in powerlifters (20.3 ± 7.3°) compared with controls (29.9 ± 6.2°; p < 0.001). Bench press and bench press variations accounted for 74.8% of all upper-body exercises, whereas back squat and deadlift accounted for 79.7% of all lower-body exercises in powerlifters' training programs. To determine whether existing ROM adaptations were seen in elite powerlifters, the powerlifting cohort was split into 3 groups based on Wilks score: <400 (low), 400–500 (intermediate), and >500 (high). GH ROM limitations were more pronounced in elite powerlifters (Wilks >500), who had more powerlifting experience (p = 0.048) and greater lean body mass (p = 0.040). Overall, powerlifters displayed decreased GH ROM, but increased hamstring ROM, after training programs that were heavily focused on the bench press, back squat, and deadlift.
Familiarization With Airflow-Restriction Mask During Resistance Exercise: Effect on Tolerance and Total Volume
Authors: Teodoro Cássia L. , Gáspari Arthur F. , Berton Ricardo , Barbieri João F. , Silva Manoel , A.A. Castaño Luz , Guimarães Patrícia , Moraes Antonio C.
Published: September 2018

Teodoro, CL, Gáspari, AF, Berton, R, Barbieri, JF, Silva, M, Castaño, LAA, Guimarães, P, and Moraes, AC. Familiarization with airflow-restriction mask during resistance exercise: Effect on tolerance and total volume. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1762–1765, 2019—This study investigated whether familiarization with the airflow-restriction mask (AIRfr) increases tolerance and avoids negative effects on performance of resistance exercise (RE). Ten resistance-trained male subjects performed a familiarization session (FAM), followed by 2 testing sessions, with the AIRfr and without airflow restriction (SHAM) in a counterbalanced and randomized cross-over design. The FAM was performed with the same number of sets, load, and level of airflow-restriction as the AIRfr experimental session. Each session consisted of 4 sets of the leg press exercise with 70% 1 repetition maximum until voluntary failure and a 90-second rest interval between sets. During the FAM, 4 of the 10 subjects expressed some intolerance to the use of airflow restriction. Total volume was lower in the FAM than in the AIRfr (p = 0.01) and the SHAM (p = 0.02), whereas no differences were observed between the AIRfr and the SHAM (p = 0.90). The first use of the AIRfr may not be well tolerated by all subjects. However, a familiarization session with the AIRfr avoids negative interferences in the total volume during RE.
Monitoring Wellness, Training Load, and Running Performance During a Major International Female Field Hockey Tournament
Authors: McGuinness Aideen , McMahon Gerard , Malone Shane , Kenna Darren , Passmore David , Collins Kieran
Published: September 2018

McGuinness, McMahon, G, A, Malone, S, Kenna, D, Passmore, D, and Collins, K. Monitoring wellness, training load, and running performance during a major international female field hockey tournament. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2312–2320, 2020—The current observational study quantified players' activity profiles during a major international female field hockey tournament and determined whether an association exists between well-being measures and running performance within elite female hockey players. Elite female field hockey players (23 ± 3 years; 162.6 ± 13 cm; and 66 ± 6 kg) participated in the study. Participants running performance was monitored using global positioning system technology (S5; Catapult Innovations, Scoresby, Victoria, Australia), with daily well-being questionnaires used to quantify player responses during the tournament. Thresholds for the magnitude of the observed change for each variable were determined using the Hopkins Spreadsheets for analysis of controlled trials. Relative distance (m·min−1) was likely lower when compared with game 1 in game 7. Relative high speed (m·min−1 >16 km·h−1) was likely lower in games 5, 6, and 7 when compared with game 1. Subjective load was very likely higher in game 2 and very likely lower in game 3 when compared with game 1. Mood and sleep quality were likely lower in game 1 when compared with game 4 and game 7. Muscle soreness was likely higher when compared with game 1 in game 7. During the tournament, it was observed that a decrease in players' daily well-being was accompanied by changes in running performance. Furthermore, changes to players' muscle soreness and sleep quality result in decreased players' high-speed running performance during match-play. Therefore, to prevent the observed effects, coaches should adopt strategies to enhance sleep quality and incorporate specific recovery modalities to reduce musculoskeletal soreness.
Functional Basis of Asymmetrical Lower-Body Skeletal Morphology in Professional Australian Rules Footballers
Authors: Hart Nicolas H. , Newton Robert U. , Weber Jason , Spiteri Tania , Rantalainen Timo , Dobbin Michael , Chivers Paola , Nimphius Sophia
Published: September 2018

Hart, NH, Newton, RU, Weber, J, Spiteri, T, Rantalainen, T, Dobbin, M, Chivers, P, and Nimphius, S. Functional basis of asymmetrical lower-body skeletal morphology in elite Australian footballers. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 791–799, 2020—Bone strength is a product of its material and structural properties and is highly responsive to mechanical load. Given the measureable and adaptable features of bone, and thus relevance to medical screening, injury prevention, and injury management in athletes, this study describes the lower-body skeletal morphology of professional Australian rules footballers. Using a cross-sectional and quantitative study design, 54 professional Australian rules football players (n = 54; age: 22.4 ± 3.8 years; height: 189.0 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 86.0 ± 8.6 kg; tibial length: 436.1 ± 29.2 mm; and body fat: 9.9 ± 1.7%) underwent tibiofibular peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans for the kicking and support limbs, and a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. The support leg was significantly stronger than the kicking leg (bone strength: p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.47) with significantly greater bone mass (p < 0.001; d = 0.28), cross-sectional areas (p ≤ 0.002; d = 0.20), and greater cortex thickness (p = 0.017; d = 0.20), owing to significantly greater periosteal apposition (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.29) and endocortical expansion (p = 0.019; d = 0.13), despite significantly lower cortical density (p = 0.002; d = −0.25). Disparate skeletal morphology between limbs highlights context-specific adaptive responses to mechanical loads experienced during game-based tasks. Practitioners should concomitantly measure material and structural properties of musculoskeletal tissue when examining fragility or resilience to better inform medical screening, monitoring, and injury risk stratification. Support leg axial loading highlights a potential avenue for interventions aiming to remediate or optimize bone cross-sectional area.