bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Victoria K, Delphine Seyrig et moi ou La petite chaise jaune : un matrimoine en conversion d’archives
Authors: Nemer Noha , Cachard Valérie
Published: February 2025

Le texte lauréat du Prix RFI Théâtre (2019) Victoria K, Delphine Seyrig et moi ou La petite chaise jaune (2021) de Valérie Cachard s’inscrit dans la mouvance de la « littérature hors du livre » (Rosenthal et Ruffel, 2010 : 4), où l’auteur·trice légitime la réception de son texte à travers une performance narrative. Après avoir interrogé la nature et le bien-fondé des archives intimes de Victoria K, lettres extraites de son journal intime abandonné dans sa maison, l’article s’intéresse aux allers-retours entre la fiction et le réel fictionnel qui systématisent une mémoire solidaire de la guerre civile en apparence fragmentaire. La performance du texte à Beyrouth par la dramaturge et son acolyte artistique Hadi Deaibes tend à éroder les dimensions sociopolitiques de l’archivage au profit d’une hybridation des identités scéniques. Cette contribution, coécrite par Noha Nemer et son amie de longue date Valérie Cachard, propose une réflexion sur l’expropriation discursive, esthétique et scénique d’une littérature intimiste.
Metro Al Madina : une continuité artistique face à l’instabilité géopolitique libanaise
Authors: Kachmar Rawan , Jaber Hisham
Published: February 2025

Metro Al Madina (Le métro de la ville) est un espace culturel situé à Beyrouth, la capitale libanaise. Depuis 2012, il propose une programmation diversifiée mêlant cabaret, théâtre et musique. Metro Al Madina propose des spectacles festifs et divertissants faisant face au contexte sociopolitique complexe du pays. Ses créations mettent en lumière le patrimoine musical sous un regard contemporain. Sa programmation s’adapte également à l’actualité et aux envies du public. Quels sont les choix artistiques et économiques qui soutiennent la productivité et la continuité de cet espace?
Entre désappartenance et agir public : un regard réflexif sur le théâtre contemporain en Turquie avec Ceren Ercan
Authors: Uğur Zeynep
Published: February 2025

Au début des années 2000, le théâtre alternatif a pris son essor en Turquie, créant une scène autonome qui a donné voix et visibilité à des minorités ethniques, religieuses et sexuelles jusque-là marginalisées et réduites au silence dans l’espace public. Ce théâtre est devenu un lieu de mémoire, où des questions politiquement sensibles et taboues étaient abordées et négociées. Cet article propose une analyse de l’interaction entre esthétique et politique à partir de certaines oeuvres de l’écrivaine de théâtre Ceren Ercan, une figure clé du théâtre contemporain turc, et d’un entretien réalisé avec elle. À travers l’étude de ses pièces, nous explorons comment elle met en scène ces sujets sensibles, tout en interrogeant les mécanismes de la désappartenance et en révélant la dynamique de résistance culturelle face à l’oppression politique.
THE IMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS OF THE INCLUSION OF HEALTH WARNINGS AND HEALTH INFORMATION POLICY ON CIGARETTE PACKAGING
Authors:   Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, A Building 2nd Floor Depok, Indonesia, Ekawati Diah , Darmawan Ede Surya ,   Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Pictorial health warnings already implemented for more than two years since June 24, 2014, however, there are no changes made following the Minister of Health Regulation No. 28 of 2013 until now. According to the results of the National Survey of Assessment of the Implementation of Pictorial Health Warning (PHW) in Indonesia in 2015 towards the compliance of the tobacco industry, it is known that the cigarette industry has not yet adhered to pictorial health warnings. The Government hopesthat the existence of the Minister of Health Regulation No. 28 can reduce the prevalence of smokers, but data from 2016 SIRKERNAS shows that the prevalence of smoking is increasing. The purpose is to dig deeper towards the implementation of the inclusion of health warnings and health information policy on cigarette packaging, henceforth it can be input into the formulation of tobacco control strategies. This study uses descriptive studies with qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews and document review. Aspects of the process (communication, bureaucratic structure and disposition), aspects of the actor (commitments and relationships) aspects of the content (level, benefits and policy objectives) as well as aspects of the context (political culture and socio-economic) are interrelated and influence each other in the implementation of the inclusion of warnings and health information on the cigarette packs. The implementation of the inclusion of warnings and health information on cigarette packaging has been carried out, and the level of industry compliance in including the PHW at the retail level has reached 99.91%. However, the cigarette industry is not compliant in fulfilling the provisions because the size is not appropriate, PHW images covered by excise tapes, and some terms indicate quality, superiority, security, and imaging.
PUSKESMAS READINESS IN ACCREDITATION IMPLEMENTATION AS EFFORTS TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH SERVICE QUALITY IN SUMBAWA DISTRICT
Authors:   Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, UniversitasIndonesia, Depok, Indonesia, Rahmadhani Nurul Saptorini , Ayuningtyas Dumilah ,   Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

In achieving Universal Health Coverage in 2019, it is necessary to increase access and quality of health services to the community. Puskesmas accreditation is a method of improving the quality of service and patient safety as well as a condition to do collaboration with BPJS. According to Donabedian, quality of services needs to be supported by standardized structures, processes and outcomes which are oriented to internal and external customers. This study aims to analyze the readiness of Puskesmas in accreditation implementation as an effort to improve the quality of health services in Sumbawa Regency. This effort is an implementation act of Health Minister Regulation number 75/2014 on Puskesmas and number 46/2015 on FKTP accreditation by comparing it to those successful accreditation implementation of basic health services in various countries. This study design is a qualitative research uses the Rapid Assessment Procedure design, through in-depth interviews combined with literature review studies sourced from online data bases. This study result showed that the readiness of accredited Puskesmasin Sumbawa district wasseen from three aspects: (1) Structure: resources not yet fulfil the Permenkes 75/2014 standards, (2) Process: stages of the accreditation preparation process is in accordance with the guidelines, but the implementation was not optimal. (3) Outcomes: the accreditation implementation has positive impact on improving the quality of health services. It is necessary to evaluate the implementation of Puskesmas accreditation by involving the Community, the Health Office and the Regional Government.
ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN THE AVAILABILITY OF INDICATOR DRUGS AND VACCINES IN PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER FOR 2016-2017
Authors:   Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, A Building 2nd Floor, Depok, Indonesia, Wicaksono Aji , Siregar Kemal Nazarudin ,   Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

The health development strategies for 2015-2019 is about improving the availability, affordability, equity and quality of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Since the enactment of national health insurance (JKN) on January 1, 2014, the availability of drug at the public health center become a very important aspect in primary health care services. Drug logistics management is an important aspect that influences accessibility to health services including the availability of essential drugs and vaccines. The aim of this study is to explore the trend of availability indicator drugs and vaccines in public health center for the period of 2016-2017 and drug logistics management factors that can affect the availability. The study was conducted using secondary data analysis. Data were obtained from data on the availability of indicator drugs and vaccines in public health center for the period of 2016-2017. This research is a quantitative study with an analytical observational approach. The Vector Auto Regression(VAR) conducted provides forecasting trends in indicator drugs and vaccines in public health center close to 80%. The 80% figure shows appropriate availability, but there are a number of things that need special attention including planning, procurement, pharmaceutical competency, financing, and management information systems.
AN OVERVIEW OF ACTIVE SMOKERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE POLICY OF INCLUSION OF PICTORIAL WARNINGS OF THE DANGERS OF SMOKING ONCIGARETTE PACKS IN PONDOK GEDE SUB-DISTRICT, BEKASI CITY
Authors:   Master Program of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI Depok, Depok, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia, Hermansach Rendra , Bachtiar Adang ,   Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of smoking in Indonesia is so high in all walks of life that the government has made several policies to control it. One of them is the inclusion of health warnings and health information on tobacco product packaging which aims to prevent novice smokers from starting smoking, as well as guaranteeing the public's right to clear, correct and honest information, as well as choosing based on clearer (visual) information that they understand (informed decision). The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of active smokers' perceptions of pictorial warnings of the dangers of smoking on cigarette packs. Subjects and Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach and the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) method. The research subjects consisted of active smokers who were found in Pondok Gede District, Bekasi City. Data collection techniques in this study were in-depth interviews. The research instrument used was the researcher himself who was directly involved in the research. Then the technique of checking the validity of the data uses source triangulation. Results: The results showed that the informants' perceptions of the pictorial warnings of the dangers of smoking on cigarette packs varied quite a lot. Not all informants feel afraid and horrified by the scary pictures on cigarette packs. These results affect their beliefs to be able to reduce or quit smoking. Those who feel afraid and spooky of the pictures on cigarette packs have more confidence to be able to stop smoking than those who don't feel scared or spooky. Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the pictorial warnings on cigarette packs has not been able to reduce the desire to quit smoking among informants.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MENTAL HEALTH POLICY AT KEDAUNG HEALTH CENTER, SUKATANI HEALTH CENTER AND LIMO HEALTH CENTER IN DEPOK CITY
Authors:   Health Policy and Administration Department, Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, F Building 1st Floor Kampus Baru UI Depok, Indonesia, Sangadji Ekasafitri A.S , Ayuningtyas Dumilah ,   Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Mental health is one of the important indicators of health services that must be provided. Diagnosing and long-term treatment are challenges in handling mental health disorders. Puskesmas, which organizes promotive, preventive, and curative efforts, handles and improves community mental health. This study aims to determine the implementation of mental health policies in several Health Centers in Depok City. The research method uses a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, document review by referring to the concept of policy evaluation from the Van Meter framework, and data validity using source and method triangulation. This research was conducted from October to December 2020. The results showed that several mental health implementation activities were not carried out due to the constraints of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, social restriction policies, the size and objectives of the policy were understood and had been implemented, the characteristics of the implementing agency supported the policy, the lack of availability of human resources and competence in the field of mental health, inter-organizational communication went well, the disposition of implementers was good, and there was an influence of the economic, social and political environment. The research concludes that the implementation of mental health policies has not gone well due to the COVID-19 pandemic, social restrictions, lack of human resources, and competence in mental health. It is necessary to develop SOPs that regulate the implementation of mental health during a pandemic, including mitigation efforts and coaching, training, and increasing the competence of health workers at public health centers.
Perceptions of Health Workers regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine Report Application in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra
Authors:   Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sriwijaya, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia, Idris Haerawati , Rosyada Amrina ,   Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sriwijaya, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia, Budiastuti Anggun ,   Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sriwijaya, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia, Ermi Nurmalia ,   Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sriwijaya, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

The Lapor Vaksin COVID-19 Application was developed to support a vaccination coverage surveillance database sourced from community self-report. This application provides data on vaccination coverage and allows users to view updates to educational content about vaccines and visualization of COVID-19 vaccine data in real-time. This study aims to analyze the perception among health worker about Lapor Vaksin COVID-19 application in the community. This study uses descriptive research with a case study design. This study was conducted in September 2021 through a virtual zoom meeting, in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. The research sample was 42 health workers consisting of vaccine officers at the Health Office, RSUD and Puskesmas in Ogan Ilir Regency who were selected by purposive sampling. Data is presented descriptively. Based on the evaluation results of the application's use, more than half of the respondents were quite satisfied (52.4%) with the Lapor Vaksin COVID-19 application. This application can be used and developed as an alternative to the COVID-19 surveillance database.
High-Resolution Genome-Wide Maps Reveal Widespread Presence of Torsional Insulation
Authors: Hall Porter M , Mayse Lauren A , Bai Lu , Smolka Marcus B , Pugh B Franklin , Wang Michelle D
Published: February 2025

Torsional stress in chromatin plays a fundamental role in cellular functions, influencing key processes such as transcription, replication, and chromatin organization. Transcription and other processes may generate and be regulated by torsional stress. In the genome, the interplay of these processes creates complicated patterns of both positive (+) and negative (-) torsion. However, a challenge in generating an accurate torsion map is determining the zero-torsion baseline signal, which is conflated with chromatin accessibility. Here, we introduce a high-resolution method based on the intercalator trimethylpsoralen (TMP) to address this challenge. We describe a method to establish the zero-torsion baseline while preserving the chromatin state of the genome of
S. cerevisiae
. This approach enables both high-resolution mapping of accessibility and torsional stress in chromatin in the cell. Our analysis shows transcription-generated torsional domains consistent with the twin-supercoiled-domain model of transcription and suggests a role for torsional stress in recruiting topoisomerases and in regulating 3D genome architecture via cohesin. Significantly, we reveal that insulator sequence-specific transcription factors decouple torsion between divergent promoters, whereas torsion spreads between divergent promoters lacking these factors, suggesting that torsion serves as a regulatory mechanism in these regions. Although insulators are known to decouple gene expression, our finding provides a physical explanation of how such decoupling may occur. This new method provides a potential path forward for using TMP to measure torsional stress in the genome without the confounding contribution of accessibility in chromatin.
Enhancing fraud detection in the Ethereum blockchain using ensemble learning
Authors: Gu Zhexian , Dib Omar
Published: February 2025

The Ethereum blockchain operates as a decentralized platform, utilizing blockchain technology to distribute smart contracts across a global network. It enables currency and digital value exchange without centralized control. However, the exponential growth of online commerce has created a fertile ground for a surge in fraudulent activities such as money laundering and phishing, thereby exacerbating significant security vulnerabilities. To combat this, our article introduces an ensemble learning approach to accurately detect fraudulent Ethereum blockchain transactions. Our goal is to integrate a decision-making tool into the decentralized validation process of Ethereum, allowing blockchain miners to identify and flag fraudulent transactions. Additionally, our system can assist governmental organizations in overseeing the blockchain network and identifying fraudulent activities. Our framework incorporates various data pre-processing techniques and evaluates multiple machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, Isolation Forest, support vector machine, Random Forest, XGBoost, and recurrent neural network. These models are fine-tuned using grid search to enhance their performance. The proposed approach utilizes an ensemble of three distinct models (Random Forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and support vector machine) to further improve classification performance. It achieves high scores of over 98% across key classification metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Moreover, the approach is suitable for real-world usage, with an inference time of 0.13 s.
Prevalence of chronic conditions in masters games athletes: predictors and comparison to the general population
Authors: Halar Fiona , O’Connor Helen , Climstein Mike , Prvan Tania , Black Deborah , Reaburn Peter , Stuart-Smith Wendy , Wu Xiaojing Sharon , Gifford Janelle
Published: February 2025

Background

Masters athletes (MA) are typically considered healthier than age-matched non-athletes. However, limited evidence exists on the prevalence of chronic conditions in MA.

Methods

Masters athletes competing at the 2017 Australian Masters Games (n = 4,848) and 2018 Pan Pacific Masters Games (n = 14,455) were invited to complete a survey collecting demographic and health information focused on chronic conditions. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of selected chronic conditions in MA was compared with Australian general population data.

Results

Overall, 817 MA (53.7 ± 10.6 y, 61% female) completed the survey with 48% reporting ≥1 chronic condition. Cardiovascular conditions were less prevalent in MA vs. the general population (11%, 95% CI [9–14%] vs. 30%), as were cardiovascular risk factors, anxiety, asthma, cancers, and depression. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in MA was, however, similar (11%, 95% CI [9–14%] vs. 14%). Older (>50 yr) vs. younger MA were more likely to report osteoarthritis (OR 2.17, 95% CI [1.35–3.48]) and heart conditions (OR 1.85, 95% CI [1.11–3.07]), while younger vs. older MA were more likely to report mental health conditions (OR 1.86, 95% CI [1.23–2.82]). Prevalence of mental health conditions was higher in female vs. male MA (17% 95% CI [13–20%] vs. 8% 95% CI [5–11%]) and younger vs. older MA (18% vs. 10%). Employed MA were less likely than MA who were not employed to report having one or more cancers (OR 0.33, 95% CI [0.16–0.69]), cardiovascular conditions (OR 0.47, 95% CI [0.29–0.79]) and hypertension (OR 0.36 95% CI [0.18–0.73]).

Conclusions

Cardiovascular and other chronic conditions prevalence was lower in MA compared to age-matched non-athletes, highlighting the value of promoting sport involvement in aging individuals as well as for continuation of participation in younger age groups into MA level. Greater participation of younger and female groups in masters sport to improve mental health, and inclusion of people who are not employed should be supported.
Oral Surgical Site Infections and Wound Healing Associated with Silk Fibroin Sutures versus Alternative Suture Materials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ealla Kranti Kiran Reddy , Kumari Neema , Rout Ellojita , Sahu Vikas , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Ramani Pratibha
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Delayed or improper wound healing can lead to Surgical Site Infections (SSIs), which are associated with increased mortality, morbidity, readmission rates and healthcare costs. Dental sutures are routinely used to close wounds, promote haemostasis and prevent infection. Although non absorbable sutures are preferred for promoting wound healing and preventing infection, Silk Fibroin (SF) sutures are still used due to their affordability and favourable properties. However, their multifilament structure makes them susceptible to higher bacterial adherence.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of SF sutures in reducing SSIs and promoting wound healing with other suture materials used in dental procedures.

Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist. PubMed, University of Toronto libraries and the Web of Science (WoS) were searched using specific keywords until January 4, 2025. Data were extracted and a risk of bias assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) and Risk of Bias In Non randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools. Nine studies were included.

Results: The study demonstrated that non resorbable multifilament SF sutures show high microbial adherence and prolonged wound closure time compared to other materials, due to their multifilament and braided structure. However, significant infections were rarely reported. Results regarding bleeding, pain and swelling varied across studies and were mostly non significant on day 7.

Conclusion: Antiseptic or antibiotic coatings on SF sutures can reduce bacterial adherence and lower the risk of infection, especially given their significantly higher adherence compared to other sutures.
Hidden symmetries in Hamiltonian geometry, topology, physics and mechanics
Authors: Fomenko Anatoly
Published: February 2025

Some integrable systems of physics, mechanics and geometry, at first glance unrelated to each other, turn out to be quite similar. In this paper, several striking stories are presented, one part of which is devoted to the connection of dynamical systems of different nature, and the other - to problems whose solution is closely related to integrability. The level of similarity of integrable systems of two degrees of freedom on surfaces of constant energy can be determined using the invariants introduced by A.T. Fomenko, H. Zieschang and others. According to the results of V. V. Vedyushkina and I.S. Kharcheva, using billiards and their generalizations - billiard books, one can model a rough molecule (Fomenko invariant) of any integrable system of two degrees of freedom on a compact Q3 .Thus, point B of A.T. Fomenko’s hypothesis on modeling integrable systems by billiards holds. This paper provides a brief overview of the current state of the Fomenko hypothesis.
Will Cash Price Transparency Benefit Patients?
Authors: Hyman David , Letchuman Sunjay , Bai Ge
Published: December 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the ways in which cash price transparency might influence patients’ choice of clinician and how this would affect health care costs.
Adults' Ratings of Youths With Autism Spectrum Disorder When Recalling a Stressful Event
Authors: Enriquez Rayna , Johnson Jonni L. , Wang Yan , Mundy Peter , Goodman Gail S.
Published: December 2024

This study examined young adults' ratings of the credibility and honesty/coherence of youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing (TD) youths. The youths (six with ASD and six TD; 12–18 years old, males) recalled participating in the TRIER Social Stress Test. Video clips of their free recall were shown to undergraduate students (N = 304) who rated the youths on a 10‐item questionnaire. Factor analysis revealed two factors: credibility and honesty/coherence. Analyses showed that ASD youths were rated as less credible and less honest/coherent than TD youths. In addition, older age and more correct memory predicted greater credibility, and older age predicted greater perceived honesty/coherence. There were no significant interactions with diagnosis. This is the first study to examine adults' ratings of ASD youths who are recalling a stressful event.
Low‐barrier treatment at SSPs get almost $20 million from California
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2024

Last week the U.S. Department of Health Care Services (DHCS) awarded $19,314,520 to 25 organizations to support low‐barrier opioid treatment at syringe services programs (SSPs) from Sept. 30, 2024, through Sept. 29, 2027. Awardees include SSPs providing or supporting health care services in California, such as assessment, prescription and management of medication for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). “DHCS continues to increase early and focused interventions and treatment to address opioid and substance use disorders,” said California DHCS Director Michelle Baass. “This funding will help prevent opioid overuse and addiction, address opioid use disorders safely and effectively, and help reduce overdose deaths.” This funding opportunity, under the State Opioid Response (SOR) IV federal grant awarded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, provides resources to continue projects from the SOR III federal grant. SSP projects offer low‐barrier access to treatment of OUD and related supportive services, such as case management and peer support.
Enhancing Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Strength of 3D‐Printed Iron Polylactic Acid for Marine Applications via Laser Surface Texturing
Authors: Rezayat Mohammad , Karamimoghadam Mojtaba , Dezaki Mohammadreza Lalegani , Zolfagharian Ali , Casalino Giuseppe , Mateo Antonio , Bodaghi Mahdi
Published: December 2024

The corrosion susceptibility and limited mechanical properties of 3D‐printed iron polylactic acid (Ir‐PLA) pose challenges to its application in demanding environments, particularly in marine settings. This study investigates the potential of laser surface texturing (LST) to mitigate corrosion and enhance the mechanical performance of Ir‐PLA 3D printed by fused deposition modeling for saline conditions, in which the fabricated materials are exposed to the seawater environment. A design of experiment approach is employed to systematically evaluate the effects of laser power and scanning speed on surface roughness, contact angle, and tensile test as mechanical properties. Results demonstrate that LST can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of Ir‐PLA, with optimal parameters reducing surface degradation by up to 80%. Furthermore, the laser‐treated samples exhibit a substantial increase in mechanical properties, with tensile strength improving by an average of 25% and ductility increasing by 15%, attributed to the microstructural modifications and patterned surface texture induced by the LST process. The findings highlight the potential of LST as a powerful tool for tailoring the surface characteristics and mechanical behavior of 3D‐printed Ir‐PLA in the seawater‐simulated environment, opening new possibilities for its use in marine applications.
Nanochannels‐Regulated On‐Off Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor for Contamination‐Free Determination in Biomatrix
Authors: Zheng Yulin , Zhu Jian‐Hong , Wang Shujia , Song Yan‐Yan , Gao Zhida , Li Xiaona
Published: December 2024

Organic photoelectrochemical transistors (OPECT) have emerged as leading candidates for biosensing technologies, attributed to their high transconductance, zero operating voltage, and excellent biocompatibility. However, the practical application of OPECT in complex biological fluids is usually hindered by challenges such as complex gate structures, undesired contamination, and side reactions. Herein, a contamination‐free OPECT biosensor is proposed based on a nanochannel membrane‐isolated design, effectively preventing the biological matrix from the detection cell. Using adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a biomarker for malignant tumors and Alzheimer's disease for proof‐of‐principle, the metal−organic framework (MOF)‐guarded nanochannel entrance is switch‐on by the strong chelation interaction between ATP and the Zn(II) nodes in MOFs, which allowed sodium thiophosphate substrate to pass through. Benefiting from the confinement effect of nanochannels and frameworks, the encapsulated alkaline phosphatase molecules exhibited high catalytic efficiency for H2S production and subsequent CdS production on gate electrode, thus altering the transistor response. The OPECT device, combined with the nanochannels‐regulated on‐off strategy not only effectively prevented contamination of OPECT from complex biomatrix but also enabled rapid and direct detection of 1.0 nm ATP within 15 min, providing an alternative insight into the design of OPECT device for interference‐free rapid detection in biological matrices.
Spider Silk Inspired Hierarchical Fibrous Hydrogels with Extreme Robustness via a Top‐Down Multidimensional Engineering Strategy
Authors: Zhang Zijie , Xian Yiwen , Zhou Dan , Liu Yang , Liu Chao , Lu William Weijia , Liu Hongmei , Wu Decheng
Published: December 2024

Conventional hydrogels often suffer from weak and fragile natures, limiting their uses in mechanically demanding areas. By contrast, spider silk hold impressive strength and toughness owing to its hierarchical structure. Inspired by spider dragline fiber, the boundaries of conventional hydrogels are broken by introducing hierarchical structures in chitosan fibrous hydrogels (FHCS) via a top‐down multidimensional engineering strategy. Each level of hierarchical structure is introduced in different approaches: macroscopic fibers are fabricated via electrospinning; microscopic fibrillar structures are introduced based on “sea‐islands” phase separation structure; chitosan anhydrous crystallites at the molecular level are induced by hydrogen bonding reconstruction. Through this strategy, the resulting hierarchical FHCS exhibits extreme mechanical properties (fracture strength: 47.0 ± 2.4 MPa; Young's modulus: 5.6 ± 2.4 MPa; fracture toughness: 12.3 ± 1.5 MJ m−3), simulating the mechanical properties of cartilage tissue. FHCS also shows good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and modulation on cell spreading and phenotypes via mechanotransduction pathway. Overall, FHCS emerges as a promising material in the mechanically demanding areas of biomedical fields. Besides, the top‐down multidimensional engineering strategy provides fresh perspectives for creating hierarchical materials.
Remodeling the Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment for Enhancing Antiangiogenic Gene Therapy of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jiazhen Niu , Meihui Su , De‐E Liu , Na Li , Youtao Xin , Qixian Chen , Yunjian Yu , Feihe Ma , Mahmoud Elsabahy , Hui Gao
Published: December 2024

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), as an intestinal pathogenic bacterium, is closely related to the occurrence, progression, and limited therapeutic efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC). The presence of Fn within CRC communities induces an inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment while promoting new vessel formation. Therefore, developing novel methods to efficiently eliminate Fn and enhance the therapeutic outcomes against Fn‐associated CRC is of great significance. Herein, a nanosystem named AFGTs‐PEG, which integrates antimicrobial agent lauric acid (LA), an antiangiogenic gene (sFlt‐1), a targeted polymer (OEI‐LA/PBA, OLP), and DSPE‐mPEG, to boost the gene therapy of Fn‐infected CRC, is developed. The sFlt‐1 gene is delivered to CRC cells through lysosome escape, remarkably inhibiting new vessel formation at the CRC site and ultimately leading to CRC cell death. In principle, LA is used to eliminate Fn and its biofilms, and remodel the inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment by restraining the generation of inflammatory factors and preventing polarization of M1 into M2 macrophages, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of Fn on antiangiogenic gene therapy. This study holds great promise for the treatment of bacteria‐colonized tumors.
Flexible Thermoelectric Active Cooling Garment to Combat Extreme Heat
Authors: Feng Tianshi , Wang Jiedong , Sun Ethan , Di Buono Antonio , Chen Renkun
Published: December 2024

With the increasing frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme heat events due to climate change, heat‐related diseases or even mortality have become more prevalent. An efficient personal cooling strategy can mitigate heat stress by regulating the skin temperature within the thermal comfort zone. However, lightweight, wearable, and sustainable cooling garments are unavailable today. Here, the study develops a thermoelectric device (TED)‐based cooling garment and demonstrates its effectiveness in active personal cooling. The garment is shown to maintain the skin temperature within its thermal comfort zone in a hot environment of up to 40 °C under mild forced convection conditions (air flow speed of 2.2 m s−1). Furthermore, the study demonstrates a portable cooling system with less than 700 grams of total weight, which includes the TED‐based garment, a battery pack, and a temperature controller. The system showed long‐term cooling on the skin with varying ambient temperatures from 35 to 40 °C. With the advantages of lightweight, flexible, controllable, and long‐term effective cooling, the TED cooling garments described in this work can contribute to enhanced health and comfort in an increasingly hotter climate.
Highly Stretchable LED Display Using Liquid Metal and Molybdenum‐Barriered Multilayer Electrodes with Long‐Term Reliability
Authors: Miyakawa Masashi , Tsuji Hiroshi , Takei Tatsuya , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Nakata Mitsuru
Published: December 2024

Promising freeform deformable displays require highly stretchable interconnection lines and reliable, low‐resistance connections. To this end, a stretchable light‐emitting diode (LED) display with a molybdenum‐barriered multilayer electrode using liquid metal (LM) alloys with high reliability and stretchability under repeated deformations of 12 000 times and long‐term stability over 300 days is introduced. The developed multilayer‐stacked electrode shows consistent and stable stretchable electrical connections with long‐term reliability, even under continuous mechanical deformation. Thus, the developed display with micro‐ or mini‐LED components can be deformed, such as domes and twice folding like a handkerchief. Highly stretchable LM fine lines are developed by printing directly onto the acrylic adhesive layer, which enables high stretchability even under 100% uniaxial strain with a 100 µm narrow width. The stretchable display technology has successfully realized form‐free displays that flexibly deform into 3D shapes for advanced wearable and freeform applications.
Porphyrin‐framed PAF Based Single‐Ion Lithium Salt Boosting Quasi Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance at Low Temperatures
Authors: Yu Mengxuan , Liu Yuhan , Wang Liying , Cui Fengchao , Liu Baijun , Hu Wei , Lu Yunfeng , Zhu Guangshan
Published: December 2024

The unsatisfactory electrochemical performance of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) at low temperatures limits their application in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs).In this study, a single‐ion lithium salt based on a porous aromatic framework (PAF‐322‐Li) with porphyrin moiety capable of restricting bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI−) and thus facilitating the Li+ migration is designed and prepared, which is then compounded with polyethylene oxide (PEO) and lithium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)azanide (LiTFSI) to obtain a single‐ion SPE with a transfer number (tLi+) of 0.85 (PEO/PAF‐322‐Li) and a high ionic conductivity of 0.088 mS cm−1 at −20 °C. The charge/discharge test of the LIB assembled with PEO/PAF‐322‐Li is conducted at −20 °C, 0.2 C, and the initial discharge capacity is 119 mAh g−1, which can be stably cycled 400 times with a capacity retention rate of 86.5%. The PAF‐322‐Li helped form 3D Li+ transport channels through the π‐conjugation between Li+ and a large number of Lewis basic porphyrin moieties, which synergized with the PEO to transport Li+ efficiently, especially at low temperatures. Furthermore, the PAF‐322‐Li effectively inhibits the anion migration in SPEs, reducing the concentration polarization and inhibiting the lithium dendrite growth, which is helpful for the long and stable cycling performance of LIBs. This advancement paves the way for expanded applications of LIBs in cold regions.
Sulfur Removal From Low‐Grade Turkish Kaolin Clay
Authors: Erkan Ilker , Alp Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effects of NaOH direct leaching for sulfur removal from a kaolin ore from the Balıkesir region, Turkey. Characterization studies were undertaken before sulfur removal studies to enlighten the structure and originate the source of sulfur. The characterization studies revealed that the ore was mainly composed of quartz, with sulfur originating from alunite minerals with opal inclusions. The leaching process was tested under varying NaOH concentrations (1.5–2 M), temperatures (95 ± 2°C), and durations (2 h) in temperature‐controlled closed systems to maintain consistency. Results demonstrated complete (100%) sulfur removal from alunite under optimal conditions. However, significant mass losses (18.15%–45%) occurred because of the dissolution of kaolinite along with alunite, indicating the method's effectiveness in sulfur removal but also its potential drawbacks for kaolinite retention.
Urban Heat Load in a Small Mediterranean City in Recent, Extreme and Future Climate Conditions—A Case Study for the City of Dubrovnik
Authors: Boras Marijana , Herceg‐Bulić Ivana , Žgela Matej
Published: December 2024

This article examines the urban heat load (UHL) of Dubrovnik, a small Mediterranean city located in the complex terrain of the eastern Adriatic coast. In the study, the characteristics of the UHL are investigated in three special scenarios that mimic the different climate conditions: the recent climate (1981–2010), the hypothetical extreme climate (consisting of the 10 years with the hottest summers in the period 1961–2021) and the future climate (2041–2070) according to the RCP4.5 scenario. The UHL is quantified in terms of climate indices with fixed thresholds, defined as the annual number of days on which the daily minimum or maximum temperature exceeds certain thresholds. The analysis was carried out using the microscale urban climate model MUKLIMO_3. In addition, the potential benefits of certain measures to reduce UHL were investigated. In relation to the recent climate, the results show an increase in the amplitude of UHL under extreme and future climate conditions, with the UHL being strongest under the projected future climate conditions. In all three scenarios, the UHL is the highest in the built‐up parts of the city. However, a strong increase in UHL is obtained in the green parts of the domain indicating a possible reduction in the cooling capacity of green areas under warmer climate conditions. Applied land use/land cover (LULC) changes of the model area, which include changes in the albedo of roofs, the proportion of low vegetation, impervious surfaces and built‐up areas, have some influence on the reduction of UHL, but their effect is quite weak and mostly local. The greatest effect on reducing diurnal UHL is achieved by changing albedo, while the most effective reduction in nocturnal UHL is achieved by a combination of changes in albedo, the proportion of low vegetation, impervious surfaces and built‐up areas. Considering the relatively weak cooling effect of the LULC modifications and the potential reduction in vegetation efficiency under warmer climate conditions as well as the expected increase in heatwaves, it is likely that Dubrovnik will suffer from extremely high UHL in the future.
Synthesis of Amino Acid‐Based Aromatic Poly(Ester Urea)s Using 4‐Hydroxycinnamic Acid‐Derived Diols
Authors: Tekleab Ghezae , Klok Harm‐Anton
Published: December 2024

Amino acid‐based poly(ester urea)s are an attractive class of polymers that are of interest for a variety of biomedical applications. Generally, amino acid‐based poly(ester urea)s are prepared by polymerization of diamines, which are obtained from the corresponding amino acids and aliphatic diols. This article presents an alternative synthetic strategy that uses diamine monomers obtained from aromatic, 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid‐derived diols. A library of structurally related diamine monomers has been prepared by coupling l‐leucine to 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid‐based diols that incorporate alkyl spacers of different lengths. The exploration of 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid as a building block is interesting as it can be obtained from various biological resources, such as for example lignin, and thus provides an opportunity to take advantage of (under‐utilized) bio‐based renewables for the design of new polymer materials. These diamine monomers can be copolymerized in a solvent‐free, one‐pot, two‐step process using dimethyl carbonate as an environmentally sustainable reagent to afford amino acid‐based aromatic poly(ester urea) homo‐ and copolymers with thermal properties that can be tuned by varying the chemical structure of the diamine monomer, or via copolymerization of two different monomers.
Predicting early stage lung cancer recurrence and survival from combined tumor motion amplitude and radiomics on free‐breathing 4D‐CT
Authors: Ouraou Emilie , Tonneau Marion , Le William T. , Filion Edith , Campeau Marie‐Pierre , Vu Toni , Doucet Robert , Bahig Houda , Kadoury Samuel
Published: December 2024

Background

Cancer control outcomes of lung cancer are hypothesized to be affected by several confounding factors, including tumor heterogeneity and patient history, which have been hypothesized to mitigate the dose delivery effectiveness when treated with radiation therapy. Providing an accurate predictive model to identify patients at risk would enable tailored follow‐up strategies during treatment.

Purpose

Our goal is to demonstrate the added prognostic value of including tumor displacement amplitude in a predictive model that combines clinical features and computed tomography (CT) radiomics for 2‐year recurrence and survival in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with curative‐intent stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Methods

A cohort of 381 patients treated for primary lung cancer with radiotherapy was collected, each including a planning CT with a dosimetry plan, 4D‐CT, and clinical information. From this cohort, 101 patients (26.5%) experienced cancer progression (locoregional/distant metastasis) or death within 2 years of the end of treatment. Imaging data was analyzed for radiomics features from the tumor segmented image, as well as tumor motion amplitude measured on 4D‐CT. A random forest (RF) model was developed to predict the overall outcomes, which was compared to three other approaches — logistic regression, support vector machine, and convolutional neural networks.

Results

A 6‐fold cross‐validation study yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 72% for progression‐free survival when combining clinical data with radiomics features and tumor motion using a RF model (72% sensitivity and 81% specificity). The combined model showed significant improvement compared to standard clinical data. Model performances for loco‐regional recurrence and overall survival sub‐outcomes were established at 73% and 70%, respectively. No comparative methods reached statistical significance in any data configuration.

Conclusions

Combined tumor respiratory motion and radiomics features from planning CT showed promising predictive value for 2‐year tumor control and survival, indicating the potential need for improving motion management strategies in future studies using machine learning‐based prognosis models.
The Interactional Pathways of Mass Killings: Toward a Novel Understanding of Rampage School Shootings
Authors: Nassauer Anne
Published: December 2024

Rampage school shootings, where students go to their own school to randomly kill classmates, teachers, friends, and strangers, are among the most drastic types of human behavior. While research increasingly points to interaction dynamics as being key for the emergence of crime and violence, scholars have not yet systematically studied interaction dynamics in school shootings. Further, existing research usually focuses on a handful of cases where many victims were killed and overlook rampages with no or few fatalities. To fill these gaps, my study analyzes interaction dynamics in a full sample of US rampage school shootings. It triangulates novel types of data in a mixed methods approach that combines in‐depth qualitative analyses, cross‐case comparisons, and descriptive statistics. Findings highlight that specific interactional patterns to rampages exist that correlate to whether shootings end in mass killings. Shooters systematically use interactional pathways in which they avoid facing victims. They further show that most shooters are bad at killing, despite motivation and planning. Findings have implications for our understanding of violence and school safety, as well as the role of situational interaction in leading to social outcomes more broadly. Please see video abstract at: https://youtu.be/H7xHMQd5RT0.