bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Investigation of Nitrogen-Doping Effect on Native Defect Aggregation Processes in Silicon
Authors: Kageshima H. , Taguchi A. , Wada K.
Published: January 2013

We theoretically investigated interactions between nitrogen (N) atoms and Si native defects, vacancy (V) and interstitial (I), by using first-principles calculations in order to shed light on the nitrogen-doping effect on the defect aggregation processes. Stabilities of various N-I and N-V complexes are examined by calculating the total energy. We found that N atoms form stable complexes with both of V and I. The formation of such stable complexes reduces the effective concentrations of the native defects, resulting in the suppression of aggregation processes of V and I.
A cost effectiveness analysis of stepped care treatment for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Crow Scott J. , Agras W. Stewart , Halmi. Katherine A. , Fairburn Christopher G. , Mitchell James E. , Nyman John A.
Published: January 2013

Background:

The cost effectiveness of various treatment strategies for bulimia nervosa (BN) is unknown.

Aims:

To examine the cost effectiveness of stepped care treatment for BN.

Method:

Randomized trial conducted at four clinical centers with intensive measurement of direct medical costs and repeated measurement of subject quality of life and family/significant other time involvement. Two hundred ninety‐three women who met DSM‐IV criteria for BN received stepped care treatment or cognitive behavioral therapy. Cost effectiveness ratios were compared.

Results:

The cost per abstinent subject was $12,146 for stepped care, and $20,317 for cognitive behavioral therapy. Quality of life ratings improved significantly with treatment, and family/significant other time burden diminished substantially.

Discussion:

In this trial, stepped care for BN appeared cost effective in comparison to cognitive behavioral therapy. Treatment was associated with improved quality of life and diminished time costs of illness. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Application of improved top‐down approach in maximizing CHO cell mass and productivity in fed‐batch culture
Authors: Sun Ya‐Ting , Zhao Liang , Liu Xu‐Ping , Hu Dong‐dong , Fan Li , Tan Wen‐Song
Published: January 2013

Background

Enhancing the efficiency of process development is a key issue for the production of recombinant therapeutic protein. To maximize both cell mass and productivity with limited time and effort, an improved top‐down approach was adopted in the development and optimization of fed‐batch culture.

Results

Two‐round optimization was carried out to refine the nutrients following an investigation into the effect of complete feeding medium. After the first round of optimization, cell growth was improved with the integral of viable cell concentration increased by 32.2%. After the second round of optimization, cell productivity was improved with the specific antibody production rate increased 1.5‐fold, and cell longevity was also prolonged using improved feeding strategy. In the optimized fed‐batch culture in a 2 L bioreactor, the maximum cell concentration was increased by 68% and final antibody titer was increased 3.9‐fold compared with the fed‐batch culture with simple feeding medium.

Conclusion

The improved top‐down approach helps to reveal the interaction of different nutrients and their important roles in the improvement of cell proliferation and production. Thus, the common defects of a top‐down approach can be avoided. This approach is practicable and satisfactory for efficient development of a high‐yielding process. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
An Efficient, One‐Pot, Green Synthesis of Tetracyclic Imidazo[2,1‐b]Thiazoles via Electrochemically Induced Tandem Heteroannulation Reactions
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad M. , Alizadeh Abdolhamid , Kanjouri Tayyebeh
Published: January 2013

A series of novel catechol‐fused tetracyclic compounds, with an imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole central core, were successfully synthesized through the anodic oxidation of catechols in the presence of 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole in aqueous solution. The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that a one‐pot four‐step sequential reaction occurs between 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole and the electrochemically derived o‐benzoquinones affording fused polyheterocyclic compounds. The mechanism of this catalyst‐free, domino reaction is proved as an ECEC pathway using controlled‐potential coulometry. In addition, the electrosyntheses of fused compounds have been successfully performed in ambient conditions in an undivided cell using an environmentally friendly method with high atom economy. The structures of products were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectrometric methods.
Asymptotic analysis of lubricated heavily loaded point contacts
Authors: Kudish Ilya I.
Published: January 2013

The paper is devoted to the development of an asymptotic approach to solution of the steady isothermal problem of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) for heavily loaded point contacts. It is shown that the whole contact region can be subdivided into three subregions: the central one that is adjacent to the other two regions occupied by the ends of the horseshoe‐shaped pressure/gap distribution zone. The central region, in turn, can be subdivided into the Hertzian region and its adjacent inlet and exit zones that, in turn, are adjacent to the inlet and exit boundaries of the contact, respectively. Moreover, in the central region, in the inlet and exit zones of heavily loaded point EHL contact, the EHL problem can be reduced to asymptotically valid equations identical to the ones obtained in the inlet and exit zones of heavily loaded line EHL contacts. The latter means that many of the well‐known properties of heavily loaded line EHL contacts are also valid for heavily loaded point EHL contacts. These asymptotically valid equations can be analysed and numerically solved based on the stable methods using a specific regularisation approach that were developed for lubricated line contacts. Cases of pre‐critical and over‐critical lubrication regimes are considered. The by‐product of this asymptotic analysis is an easy analytical derivation of formulas for the lubrication film thickness for pre‐critical and over‐critical lubrication regimes. The method is validated by the results of some experimental and numerical studies published by a number of researches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of in‐cycle strength degradation on collapse capacity of steel moment frames
Authors: Amiri Gholamreza Ghodrati , Lahiji Naghmeh Pakdel , Darvishan Ehsan
Published: January 2013

In this study, the effects of in‐cycle strength degradation of steel moment connections are investigated on global behavior of multiple degree‐of‐freedom structures. Two types of degrading connection models are defined and compared with a bilinear non‐degrading model. Due to dispersion of the experimental test results on connections performance, two models are considered for each type. A probability assessment is carried out by implementation of incremental dynamic analysis to find the capacity of the structures for various performance levels. A sensitivity study is conducted on hysteresis parameters of connection models to investigate the effect of these parameters on global behavior of the structures. Due to increased dispersion of displacement demands observed in degrading cases, a reliability analysis is carried out to consider the effect of uncertainty on confidence level of the structures. Results show that in‐cycle strength degradation can lead to abrupt dynamic instability and as a consequence decrease in reliability of the system against collapse. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ON A CLASS OF MONOMIAL IDEALS
Authors: BORNA KEIVAN , JAFARI RAHELEH
Published: January 2013

Let $S$ be a polynomial ring over a field $K$ and let $I$ be a monomial ideal of $S$. We say that $I$ is MHC (that is, $I$ satisfies the maximal height condition for the associated primes of $I$) if there exists a prime ideal $\mathfrak{p}\in {\mathrm{Ass} }_{S} \hspace{0.167em} S/ I$ for which $\mathrm{ht} (\mathfrak{p})$ equals the number of indeterminates that appear in the minimal set of monomials generating $I$. Let $I= { \mathop{\bigcap }\nolimits}_{i= 1}^{k} {Q}_{i} $ be the irreducible decomposition of $I$ and let $m(I)= \max \{ \vert Q_{i}\vert - \mathrm{ht} ({Q}_{i} ): 1\leq i\leq k\} $, where $\vert {Q}_{i} \vert $ denotes the total degree of ${Q}_{i} $. Then it can be seen that when $I$ is primary, $\mathrm{reg} (S/ I)= m(I)$. In this paper we improve this result and show that whenever $I$ is MHC, then $\mathrm{reg} (S/ I)= m(I)$ provided $\vert {\mathrm{Ass} }_{S} \hspace{0.167em} S/ I\vert \leq 2$. We also prove that $m({I}^{n} )\leq n\max \{ \vert Q_{i}\vert : 1\leq i\leq ~k\} - \mathrm{ht} (I)$, for all $n\geq 1$. In addition we show that if $I$ is MHC and $w$ is an indeterminate which is not in the monomials generating $I$, then $\mathrm{reg} (S/ \mathop{(I+ {w}^{d} S)}\nolimits ^{n} )\leq \mathrm{reg} (S/ I)+ nd- 1$ for all $n\geq 1$ and $d$ large enough. Finally, we implement an algorithm for the computation of $m(I)$.
Stochastic Equipment Capital Budgeting with Technological Progress
Authors: Adkins Roger , Paxson Dean
Published: January 2013

We provide multi‐factor real option models (and quasi‐analytical solutions) for equipment capital budgeting under uncertainty, when there is either unexpected, or anticipated, or uncertain (volatile) technological progress. We calculate the threshold level of revenues and operating costs using the incumbent equipment that would justify replacement. Replacement is deferred for lower revenue thresholds. If progress is anticipated or highly uncertain, alert financial managers should wait longer before replacing equipment. Replacement deferral increases with decreases in the expected correlation between revenue and operating costs, and with increases in the revenue and/or operating cost volatility. Uncertain technological progress increases the real option value of waiting. The best approach for equipment suppliers is to reduce the expected revenue and/or cost volatility, and/or reduce the expected uncertainty of technological innovations, since then an incentive exists for the early replacement of old equipment when a technologically advanced version is launched.
Two new polypores (Ceriporiopsis lavendula and Skeletocutis inflata spp. nov.) from Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Cui Bao‐Kai
Published: January 2013

Two new polypores (Ceriporiopsis lavendula B. K. Cui sp. nov. and Skeletocutis inflata B. K. Cui sp. nov.) are described from the Guangdong Province in southern China. Ceriporiopsis lavendula is characterized by having resupinate basidiocarps with lavender to grayish blue pore surface and very thin to almost absent subiculum, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and oblong‐ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores. Moreover, it grows on wood of Castanopsis exclusively. Skeletocutis inflata is characterized by having pileate basidiocarps, smaller pores (8–10 per mm), inflated and partly dissolved skeletal hyphae in KOH. In addition, its tramal skeletal hyphae are parallel along the tubes. Identification keys to species of Ceriporiopsis and Skeletocutis occurring in China are provided.
Predicting the Planform Configuration of the Braided Toklat River, Alaska, With a Suite of Rule‐Based Models1
Authors: Podolak Charles J.P.
Published: January 2013

Abstract:  An ensemble of rule‐based models was constructed to assess possible future braided river planform configurations for the Toklat River in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. This approach combined an analysis of large‐scale influences on stability with several reduced‐complexity models to produce the predictions at a practical level for managers concerned about the persistence of bank erosion while acknowledging the great uncertainty in any landscape prediction. First, a model of confluence angles reproduced observed angles of a major confluence, but showed limited susceptibility to a major rearrangement of the channel planform downstream. Second, a probabilistic map of channel locations was created with a two‐parameter channel avulsion model. The predicted channel belt location was concentrated in the same area as the current channel belt. Finally, a suite of valley‐scale channel and braid plain characteristics were extracted from a light detection and ranging (LiDAR)‐derived surface. The characteristics demonstrated large‐scale stabilizing topographic influences on channel planform. The combination of independent analyses increased confidence in the conclusion that the Toklat River braided planform is a dynamically stable system due to large and persistent valley‐scale influences, and that a range of avulsive perturbations are likely to result in a relatively unchanged planform configuration in the short term.
Domestic Violence
Authors: Brison Susan J. , Manne Daniel
Published: January 2013

The term “domestic violence” refers to violence or the threat of violence perpetrated against an intimate partner, family member, or cohabitator (seeViolence). The violence can take the form of simple assault, choking, restraining, threats with a weapon, verbal threats, and even homicide. It is often associated with other forms of abuse, including emotional and sexual. In many cases, perpetrators of domestic violence seek to isolate and control their victim by limiting their access to money, family, friends, and other means of support.
Response of oceanic cyclogenesis metrics forNARGIScyclone: a case study
Authors: Vissa Naresh Krishna , Satyanarayana A. N. V. , Prasad Kumar B.
Published: January 2013

In this study, variability of two oceanic cyclogenesis metrics, tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) and effective oceanic layer for cyclogenesis (EOLC) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) duringNARGIScyclone is investigated.EOLCrepresents the geopotential thickness of near surface stratified layer forms because of the spread of low salinity waters due to fresh water influx from rivers and precipitation. Climatological fields ofTCHPandEOLCreveal thatNARGIStranslated towards the region of higherEOLCas seen in the observations. A maximum daily sea surface cooling of 2 °C is observed along the right and rear side ofNARGIStrack.
Study of the Indian summer monsoon using WRF–ROMS regional coupled model simulations
Authors: Samala Basanta Kumar , C Nagaraju , Banerjee Sudipta , Kaginalkar Akshara , Dalvi Mohit
Published: January 2013

A coupled regional atmosphere–ocean modeling system is developed using the existing regional models WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) and ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) to study the influence of air–sea interactions on the simulation of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The two‐way coupled regional model exchanges heat fluxes from atmosphere to ocean model and sea surface temperature (SST) from ocean to atmospheric model. The coupled model is used to simulate from May to September of ISM months of each year from 2000–2007, and the results are compared with observations and standalone atmospheric and oceanic models. The results show that the coupling improves the simulation of the Indian summer monsoon seasonal rainfall as well as the intra‐seasonal oscillations of the rainfall. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Multi‐parametric phospho‐flow cytometry: A crucial tool for T lymphocyte signaling studies
Authors: Goldeck David , Low Ivy , Shadan Nurhidaya Binte , Mustafah Seri , Pawelec Graham , Larbi Anis
Published: January 2013

Tools such as protein immunoblotting have proven benefits for investigating T lymphocyte signaling but have several drawbacks such as the number of cells required and the difficulty of distinguishing subset‐specific differences without expensive and invasive cell sorting. Recent advances in immunology and the identification of T lymphocyte sub‐populations making up only a very small fraction of the total population highlight the importance of studying signaling in those small subsets in a feasible, cost‐effective, high‐throughput manner. To this end, we have developed a simplified protocol to study both intracellular phosphorylation patterns of important signal transduction molecules concomitantly with T cell surface marker expression. A multi‐parametric analysis may allow the quantification of the phosphorylation of up to five signaling molecules in CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and their naïve, central memory, effector memory, and TEMRA subsets. This enables precise identification of subset‐specific signaling and alterations of signaling pathways in physiological and pathological situations. The importance of such detailed analysis is discussed. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
JUMP-C: A Randomized Trial of Mericitabine Plus Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2a/Ribavirin for 24 Weeks in Treatment-NaÏVe HCV Genotype 1/4 Patients
Authors: Pockros Paul J. , Jensen Donald , Tsai Naoky , Taylor Ryan , Ramji Alnoor , Cooper Curtis , Dickson Rolland , Tice Alan , Kulkarni Rohit , Vierling John M. , Lou Munson Marie , Chen Ya-Chi , Najera Isabel , Thommes James
Published: January 2013

Mericitabine is a selective nucleoside analog inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, with activity across all HCV genotypes. Treatment-naïve patients infected with HCV genotype 1 or 4 were randomized to 24 weeks of double-blind treatment with either mericitabine 1,000 mg (N = 81) or placebo (N = 85) twice-daily (BID) in combination with pegylated interferon alpha-2a (Peg-IFNα-2a)/ribavirin (RBV). Patients randomized to mericitabine with HCV RNA <15 IU/mL from week 4 to 22 (extended rapid virologic response; eRVR) stopped all treatment at week 24; all other patients continued Peg-IFNα-2a/RBV to complete 48 weeks of treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response (SVR; HCV RNA <15 IU/mL after 24 weeks of treatment-free follow-up). SVR was achieved in 56.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.9-67.0) of mericitabine-treated patients and 36.5% (95% CI: 27.0-47.1) of placebo-treated patients (Δ = 20.3%; 95% CI 5.5-35.2). SVR rates were higher in mericitabine- than placebo-treated patients when subdivided by

IL28B

genotype (CC, 77.8% versus 56.0%; non-CC, 44.1% versus 16.2%) and hepatic fibrosis (noncirrhotic, 63.3% versus 41.9%; cirrhotic, 38.1% versus 21.7%). Overall relapse rates were 27.7% and 32.0% in mericitabine- and placebo-treated patients, respectively. No evidence of NS5B S282T-variant virus or phenotypic resistance to mericitabine was observed in the one patient who experienced partial response. No S282T variants were detected in any baseline samples. The safety profile of mericitabine was similar to that of, and fewer patients in the mericitabine than in the placebo group discontinued treatment for safety reasons.

Conclusion

: A 24-week response-guided combination regimen of mericitabine 1,000 mg BID plus Peg-IFNα-2a/RBV is well tolerated and more effective than a standard 48-week course of Peg-IFNα-2a/RBV. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;58:514–523)
The effects of GATA‐1 and NF‐E2 deficiency on bone biomechanical, biochemical, and mineral properties
Authors: Kacena Melissa A. , Gundberg Caren M. , Kacena William J. , Landis William J. , Boskey Adele L. , Bouxsein Mary L. , Horowitz Mark C.
Published: January 2013

Mice deficient in GATA‐1 or NF‐E2, transcription factors required for normal megakaryocyte (MK) development, have increased numbers of MKs, reduced numbers of platelets, and a striking high bone mass phenotype. Here, we show the bone geometry, microarchitecture, biomechanical, biochemical, and mineral properties from these mutant mice. We found that the outer geometry of the mutant bones was similar to controls, but that both mutants had a striking increase in total bone area (up to a 35% increase) and trabecular bone area (up to a 19% increase). Interestingly, only the NF‐E2 deficient mice had a significant increase in cortical bone area (21%) and cortical thickness (27%), which is consistent with the increase in bone mineral density (BMD) seen only in the NF‐E2 deficient femurs. Both mutant femurs exhibited significant increases in several biomechanical properties including peak load (up to a 32% increase) and stiffness (up to a 13% increase). Importantly, the data also demonstrate differences between the two mutant mice. GATA‐1 deficient femurs break in a ductile manner, whereas NF‐E2 deficient femurs are brittle in nature. To better understand these differences, we examined the mineral properties of these bones. Although none of the parameters measured were different between the NF‐E2 deficient and control mice, an increase in calcium (21%) and an increase in the mineral/matrix ratio (32%) was observed in GATA‐1 deficient mice. These findings appear to contradict biomechanical findings, suggesting the need for further research into the mechanisms by which GATA‐1 and NF‐E2 deficiency alter the material properties of bone. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1594–1600, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reaction of Hydrazonoyl Halides with Bis‐enaminones: A Convenient Route for Synthesis of Novel Polyaza‐Terheterocycles
Authors: Shawali Ahmad S. , Haboub Adel J. M.
Published: January 2013

New bis(pyrazolylenaminones) were prepared in good yields. Their synthetic utilities as precursors for regioselective synthesis of novel bis(hetarylpyrazoles) were also investigated. The mechanisms and selectivities observed in the studied reactions were discussed.
A Tandem Reduction–Oxidation Protocol for the Conversion of 1‐Keto‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrocarbazoles to Carbazoles via Tosylhydrazones through Microwave Assistance: Efficient Synthesis of Glycozoline, Clausenalene, Glycozolicine, and Deoxycarbazomycin B and the Total Synthesis of Murrayafoline A
Authors: Chakraborty Suchandra , Chattopadhyay Gautam , Saha Chandan
Published: January 2013

A novel and efficient methodology for the synthesis of carbazoles from 1‐keto‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrocarbazoles via the corresponding tosylsulfonhydrazones by a one‐pot tandem reduction–oxidation protocol using a combination of NaBH4 and Pd–C on MgSO4·7H2O, a solid support, under microwave is developed. The reaction is successfully extended toward the synthesis of several naturally occurring carbazole alkaloids, namely 3‐methylcarbazole, glycozoline, clausenalene, glycozolicine, murrayafoline A, and deoxycarbazomycin B, a carbazole derivative that is known to have a promising antimicrobial activity.
Isolation of Arthrobacter species from the phyllosphere and demonstration of their epiphytic fitness
Authors: Scheublin Tanja R. , Leveau Johan H. J.
Published: January 2013

Bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter are common inhabitants of the soil environment, but can also be recovered from leaf surfaces (the phyllosphere). Using enrichment cultures on 4‐chlorophenol, we succeeded in specifically isolating Arthrobacter bacteria from ground cover vegetation in an apple orchard. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolates were found to belong to at least three different species of Arthrobacter. Compared to the model bacterial epiphyte Pantoea agglomerans, the Arthrobacter isolates performed as well or even better in a standardized laboratory test of phyllosphere fitness. A similar performance was observed with the well‐characterized soil isolate Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6. These findings suggest that the frequently reported presence of Arthrobacter strains on plant foliage can be explained by the capacity to multiply and persist in the phyllosphere environment. As bacteria from the genus Arthrobacter are known for their ability to degrade a wide variety of organic pollutants, their high phyllosphere competency marks them as a promising group for future studies on phyllosphere‐based bioremediation, for example, as foliar bioaugmentation on ground cover or buffer‐zone vegetation to prevent pesticides from reaching soil, surface‐, or groundwater.
Floquet topological insulators
Authors: Cayssol Jérôme , Dóra Balázs , Simon Ferenc , Moessner Roderich
Published: January 2013

magnified image

Topological insulators represent unique phases of matter with insulating bulk and conducting edge or surface states, immune to small perturbations such as backscattering due to disorder. This stems from their peculiar band structure, which provides topological protections. While conventional tools (pressure, doping etc.) to modify the band structure are available, time periodic perturbations can provide tunability by adding time as an extra dimension enhanced to the problem. In this short review, we outline the recent research on topological insulators in non‐equilibrium situations. Firstly, we introduce briefly the Floquet formalism that allows to describe steady states of the electronic system with an effective time‐independent Hamiltonian. Secondly, we summarize recent theoretical work on how light irradiation drives semi‐metallic graphene or a trivial semiconducting system into a topological phase. Finally, we show how photons can be used to probe topological edge or surface states. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adolescents' perceptions of institutional fairness: Relations with moral reasoning, emotions, and behavior
Authors: Arsenio William F. , Preziosi Susanna , Silberstein Erica , Hamburger Benjamin
Published: January 2013

This article addresses how low‐income urban adolescents view the fairness of different aspects of American society, including how wealth is distributed, the nature of legal constraints, and overall social opportunities and legitimacy. This research emerged from efforts to understand the moral and emotional nature of some adolescents' aggressive tendencies. Recently it has become clearer that aggression can serve many purposes and that, for some adolescents, aggression is a coherent though problematic response to larger familial, neighborhood, and institutional forces. Consequently, the authors focus on the connections between low‐income adolescents' perceptions of institutional and interpersonal fairness, certain aggressive tendencies, and related emotion judgments. At the same time, relatively little is known about how low‐income adolescents as a group perceive the fairness of wealth distribution and other broad aspects of American society. Consequently, a second important goal is to examine these adolescents' normative beliefs about institutional fairness at a time of growing financial and educational inequalities in the United States.
Transnasal endoscopic approach with powered instrumentation for treating squamous papilloma in the nasopharyngeal surface of the soft palate
Authors: Lee J-H , Lee Y-O , Lee C-H , Cho K-S
Published: January 2013

Objective:

To demonstrate a safe and effective method for complete resection of squamous papilloma in the nasopharyngeal surface of the soft palate. This technique was used on a patient in whom the papilloma had twice recurred following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

Methods:

Case report and review of the relevant literature.

Results:

The patient reported in this paper had recurrent squamous papilloma in the nasopharyngeal surface of the soft palate following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. He also suffered from nasal regurgitation when drinking water. This lesion, which was difficult to access, was successfully treated via a transnasal endoscopic approach using powered instrumentation.

Conclusion:

This case report highlights a novel approach for the complete removal of a recurrent papilloma in a relatively inaccessible location. Compared with a transoral approach such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, the transnasal endoscopic approach using powered instrumentation could provide a safer, faster, easier and less invasive means of treating squamous papilloma in the nasopharyngeal surface of the soft palate, especially for a lesion that recurs following a transoral approach.
Second language acquisition of English questions: An elicited production study
Authors: POZZAN LUCIA , QUIRK ERIN
Published: January 2013

The present study investigates the role of the syntactic properties of the first and the target language on second language (L2) learners’ production of English main and embedded clause questions. The role of the first language (L1) was investigated by comparing the production of L2 learners whose L1s (Chinese and Spanish) differ from English and each other in terms of word order in main and embedded clause questions. The role of the target language was investigated by comparing L2 learners’ production of yes/no and adjunct and argumentwh-questions. The results indicate that the L1 is not a predictor of L2 learners’ production patterns for either main or embedded clause questions. The linguistic properties of the target language, on the contrary, predict learners’ accuracy and inversion profiles. In line with data from the English L1 acquisition literature, L2 learners produced higher inversion rates in main clause yes/no than inwh-questions, and particularly low inversion rates withwhy-questions. In line with data from nonstandard varieties of English and preliminary evidence from L1 acquisition, L2 learners produced higher nonstandard inversion rates in embedded clausewh-questions than in yes/no questions. Taken together, these results highlight that L2 production is affected and constrained by the same factors at play in L1 acquisition and dialectal variation.
7‐Chloro‐4‐quinolinyl Hydrazones: A Promising and Potent Class of Antileishmanial Compounds
Authors: Coimbra Elaine S. , Antinarelli Luciana M. R. , da Silva Adilson D. , Bispo Marcelle L. F. , Kaiser Carlos R. , de Souza Marcus V. N.
Published: January 2013

In this work, we report the antileishmanial evaluation of twenty 7‐chloro‐4‐quinolinyl hydrazone derivatives (1–20). Firstly, the compounds were tested against promastigotes of four different Leishmania species. After that, all derivatives were assayed against L. braziliensis amastigotes and murine macrophages. Furthermore, it was investigated whether the antiamastigote L. braziliensis effect of the compounds could be associated with nitric oxide production. Compounds 6 and 7 showed a strong leishmanicidal activity against intracellular parasite with IC50 in nanogram levels (30 and 20 ng/mL, respectively). Appreciable activity of three compounds tested can be considered an important finding for the rational design of new leads for antileishmanial compounds.
Serum albumin level during intestinal exfoliative rejection: a potential predictor of graft recovery and patient outcome
Authors: Zambernardi Agustina , Gondolesi Gabriel , Cabanne Ana , Martinez María I. , Solar Héctor , Rumbo Martín , Rumbo Carolina
Published: January 2013

Exfoliative rejection is a severe complication after intestinal transplant. The assessment of mucosa histology is restricted to the area reached by endoscopy. We aim to evaluate the serum albumin (SA) value as a parameter of graft damage and clinical prognosis in intestinal exfoliative rejection (ExR). The present study is a retrospective analysis of 11 episodes of ExR occurred in a cohort of 26 patients. SA levels were measured 24 h after diagnosis and twice a week thereafter and then correlated with parameters of clinical and graft histological recovery (HR). During ExR, all patients had very low SA levels, reaching a minimum average of 1.9 ± 0.3 g/dL. According to the value of albumin levels at ExR diagnosis, the patients were grouped finding a correlation with their clinical evolution. Six ExR episodes presented with severe hipoalbuminemia (<2.2 g/dL; p < 0.05) that correlated with worse patient and graft outcome, ranging from graft loss and need for re‐transplantation to delayed clinical and HR. SA at ExR diagnosis may be an indicator of the severity of the ExR process, and it could also be used as an early predictor of patient and graft outcome.
Superconducting Magnets for Particle Accelerators
Authors: Rossi Lucio , Bottura Luca
Published: January 2013

Superconductivity has been the most influential technology in the field of accelerators in the last 30 years. Since the commissioning of the Tevatron, which demonstrated the use and operability of superconductivity on a large scale, superconducting magnets and rf cavities have been at the heart of all new large accelerators. Superconducting magnets have been the invariable choice for large colliders, as well as cyclotrons and large synchrotrons. In spite of the long history of success, superconductivity remains a difficult technology, requires adequate R&D and suitable preparation, and has a relatively high cost. Hence, it is not surprising that the development has also been marked by a few setbacks. This article is a review of the main superconducting accelerator magnet projects; it highlights the main characteristics and main achievements, and gives a perspective on the development of superconducting magnets for the future generation of very high energy colliders.
Solitary Secondary Malignant Melanoma of Clavicle Two Years after Enuclation for Ocular Melanoma
Authors: Tozum Halil , Ozkan Korhan , Reddy Krishna , Turkmen Ismail , Ciloglu Ufuk , Senol Serkan , Graci Calogero
Published: January 2013

Solitary metastasis of uveal melanoma to bone is extremely rare and usually associated with other organ involvement. We present a rare case of an ocular melanoma patient presenting with solitary metastasis to the clavicle two years after enucleation, without any other organ involvement. In this report, we tried to present our treatment strategy for the solitary metastasis of bone.
The type series of Chloris sinica tschiliensis Jacobi, 1923 (Aves, Fringillidae)
Authors: TÖPFER TILL
Published: January 2013

The Oriental Greenfinch Carduelis sinica (Linnaeus, 1766) is currently regarded as consisting of five to six subspecies (Dickinson 2003: 749; Clement 2010: 543–544; Clements et al. 2012; Gill & Donsker 2012; treated as Chloris sinica by the latter two authors). In 1923, Arnold Jacobi, then working at the Zoological Museum in Dresden, described the subspecies Chloris sinica tschiliensis, but it was recognized for just a few years before being synonymised by Howell et al. (1968: 236) under Carduelis s. sinica (Linnaeus, 1766). The description is based on twelve specimens (six males, five adult females, one juvenile female) obtained by Hugo Weigold during his participation in Walt(h)er Stötzner’s 1914–1916 Sichuan expedition (Jacobi 1923). Although most of the birds have ever since been present in different collections, the whereabouts of the type series remained unclear for several years (e.g., van den Elzen 2010). Thus, in the following I present a comprehensive overview of the identity and contemporary availability of the original specimens that Jacobi had at hand.
Predictive-like distribution mapping using Google Earth: Reassessment of the distribution of the bromeligenous frog, Scinax v-signatus (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: DA SILVA HELIO RICARDO , ALVES-SILVA RICARDO
Published: January 2013

The hylid frog Scinax perpusillus species group comprises 13 species that share, in addition to a few morphological features, reproduction that occurs exclusively associated with bromeliads. Among the species in the group, Scinax v-signatus (Lutz, 1968) is one of the few with a relatively large geographic distribution, occurring in association with bromeliads growing on granitic outcrops above 800 m along the Serra dos Órgãos (a local designation of Serra do Mar) in the Atlantic forest, State of Rio de Janeiro. Here we demonstrate that previous assessment of the distribution of this species was overestimated, and reevaluate the available data on its occurrence. The distributional data analyzed was based on three levels of evidence. First, we assessed the distribution of the bromeliad, Alcantarea imperialis (Carrière) Harms, which is used by S. v-signatus at the type locality. We plotted potential occurrence data for this plant using Google Earth (GE) by visually inspecting GE images in search of indications of granitic outcrops where groups and large individual bromeliads could be identified. Second, we plotted the distribution of these plants and that of the frog based on locality data taken from the literature and voucher specimens in natural history collections and checked for congruence between these sets of data. Third, as a second test of accuracy of this methodology we visited four new localities indicated by the bromeliad-occurrence GE prediction map and searched for the occurrence of both the frog and the bromeliad. This simple process has proven efficient and accurate in finding new collecting sites and determining the distribution of the two involved taxa. We discuss this and other possibilities of using Google Earth as a tool for mapping and discovering the distribution of organisms and habitats. Furthermore, this study has shed light on a more accurate and realistic estimate of the distribution of Scinax v-signatus with implications for the assessment of its conservation status.
Genome wide SNP discovery in flax through next generation sequencing of reduced representation libraries
Authors: Kumar Santosh , You Frank M , Cloutier Sylvie
Published: January 2013

Background

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a significant fibre and oilseed crop. Current flax molecular markers, including isozymes, RAPDs, AFLPs and SSRs are of limited use in the construction of high density linkage maps and for association mapping applications due to factors such as low reproducibility, intense labour requirements and/or limited numbers. We report here on the use of a reduced representation library strategy combined with next generation Illumina sequencing for rapid and large scale discovery of SNPs in eight flax genotypes. SNP discovery was performed through in silico analysis of the sequencing data against the whole genome shotgun sequence assembly of flax genotype CDC Bethune. Genotyping-by-sequencing of an F6-derived recombinant inbred line population provided validation of the SNPs.

Results

Reduced representation libraries of eight flax genotypes were sequenced on the Illumina sequencing platform resulting in sequence coverage ranging from 4.33 to 15.64X (genome equivalents). Depending on the relatedness of the genotypes and the number and length of the reads, between 78% and 93% of the reads mapped onto the CDC Bethune whole genome shotgun sequence assembly. A total of 55,465 SNPs were discovered with the largest number of SNPs belonging to the genotypes with the highest mapping coverage percentage. Approximately 84% of the SNPs discovered were identified in a single genotype, 13% were shared between any two genotypes and the remaining 3% in three or more. Nearly a quarter of the SNPs were found in genic regions. A total of 4,706 out of 4,863 SNPs discovered in Macbeth were validated using genotyping-by-sequencing of 96 F6 individuals from a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between CDC Bethune and Macbeth, corresponding to a validation rate of 96.8%.

Conclusions

Next generation sequencing of reduced representation libraries was successfully implemented for genome-wide SNP discovery from flax. The genotyping-by-sequencing approach proved to be efficient for validation. The SNP resources generated in this work will assist in generating high density maps of flax and facilitate QTL discovery, marker-assisted selection, phylogenetic analyses, association mapping and anchoring of the whole genome shotgun sequence.
Self- and Dopant Diffusion in Extrinsic Boron Doped Isotopically Controlled Silicon Multilayer Structures
Authors: Sharp Ian D. , Bracht Hartmut A. , Silvestri Hughes H. , Nicols Samuel P. , Beeman Jeffrey W. , Hansen John L. , Larsen Arne Nylandsted , Haller Eugene E.
Published: January 2013

Isotopically controlled silicon multilayer structures were used to measure the enhancement of self- and dopant diffusion in extrinsic boron doped silicon. 30Si was used as a tracer through a multilayer structure of alternating natural Si and enriched 28Si layers. Low energy, high resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) allowed for simultaneous measurement of self- and dopant diffusion profiles of samples annealed at temperatures between 850°C and 1100°C. A specially designed ion-implanted amorphous Si surface layer was used as a dopant source to suppress excess defects in the multilayer structure, thereby eliminating transient enhanced diffusion (TED) behavior. Self- and dopant diffusion coefficients, diffusion mechanisms, and native defect charge states were determined from computer-aided modeling, based on differential equations describing the diffusion processes. We present a quantitative description of B diffusion enhanced self-diffusion in silicon and conclude that the diffusion of both B and Si is mainly mediated by neutral and singly positively charged self-interstitials under p-type doping. No significant contribution of vacancies to either B or Si diffusion is observed.
Conselhos Municipais de Alimentação Escolar em Santa Catarina: caracterização e perfil de atuação
Authors: Gabriel Cristine Garcia , Machado Manuella de Souza , Schmitz Bethsáida de Abreu Soares , Corso Arlete Catarina Tittoni , Caldeiras Gilberto Veras , Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de
Published: January 2013

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os Conselhos Municipais de Alimentação Escolar (CAE) no Estado de Santa Catarina. Investigação transversal em amostra de municípios catarinenses (n = 152; 52%). Entrevistaram-se preferencialmente os presidentes dos CAE, pesquisando-se o perfil dos conselheiros, as atribuições realizadas e a relação do CAE com outras instâncias de controle social. Utilizou-se Regressão de Poisson para obter razões de prevalências bruta e ajustada. No modelo ajustado seguiu-se uma abordagem hierárquica. A maioria dos conselhos analisava a prestação de contas, fiscalizava os recursos, zelava pela qualidade do PNAE em todos os níveis, orientava o armazenamento dos alimentos, participava da elaboração do cardápio, acompanhava a compra de gêneros e tinha regimento interno. Entretanto, apenas 22,4% realizavam todas as atribuições com frequência maior ou igual à anual. Verificou-se associação positiva entre uma boa atuação do CAE e existência de relação com outros conselhos locais. A sensibilização dos CAE e o estímulo à atuação articulada com outros conselhos e atores envolvidos com a segurança alimentar e nutricional, são essenciais para a garantia do direito à alimentação saudável e adequada nas escolas.
Unconventional Shale Play Selective Fracturing Using Multilateral Technology
Authors: Durst Doug G. , Vento Mario
Published: January 2013

Drilling, completing, and fracturing of unconventional formation wells in North America are now commonplace and will begin to play a role in the future of natural gas production in the international market. What is not as common is to drill, complete, and frac multiple lateral branches from a single main wellbore. Multilateral wells have been routinely drilled for a number of applications, and shale plays are a natural progression for its use. Augmenting a multilateral well with selective fracturing of each leg is as straightforward as fracing a single horizontal well.

Using conventional equipment and techniques, a multilateral well (with any number of laterals) can accommodate any type of fracturing system and program with pressures up to 12,500 psi with complete isolation of the lateral junction(s). In this project, a plug-and-perf system was used to address ten plus intervals in each leg, with average stimulation pressures up to 9,000 psi.

Multilateral solutions provide the means to work within a limited surface access, generating a reduced footprint while draining a much larger volume of the reservoir from a single-surface location. This poses a significant advantage when drilling in sensitive or restricted locations, populated areas, and where land issues restrict access to multiple drilling locations. Additionally, the cost and impact of large drilling pads or multiple well sites is avoided.

This paper will discuss the implementation and execution of this project, the first dual-lateral well by any operator in the Granite Wash at vertical depths over 12,000 ft. This well targeted two different sections of the Granite Wash (a complex series of sands, shales, and siltstones that run from the northern Texas Panhandle into Oklahoma) from a single main wellbore, with commingled production rates doubling typical single horizontal well performance.
Six Steps to Successfully Design and Execute Hydraulic Fractures in the Khulud Exploration Area, North Oman
Authors: Moiseenkov Alexey , Briner Andreas , Urquhart Moira , Harianta Rudi
Published: January 2013

In 2009 Petroleum Development Oman LLC (PDO) started an ambitious tight and deep gas exploration programme, exploring for previously untapped reservoirs, both conventional tight gas plays as well as deep unconventional gas resources. These resources are typically in previously undrilled formations at great depths, highly overpressurized with high temperatures, and uncertain fluid fill and composition. The unique geological properties of this type of reservoir require different strategies and technology deployment in order to make them viable and sustainable (Briner et al., 2012).

With unique geomechanical, reservoir, and geological properties, some of the large gas-bearing prospects within the Fahud Basin such as the Khulud exploration area require innovative and complex drilling, completion and fracturing practices. A revised hydraulic fracturing execution workflow, with specific technology application, has been developed in order to account for such geological and reservoir complexity. Because of the uniqueness of the structure in terms of depth, temperature, reservoir pressure and stresses, different strategies should be used for successful hydraulic fracturing.

This paper demonstrates the changes to the original understanding of fracturing processes and execution in order to achieve successful fracturing implementation, production testing and reservoir evaluation. Six main aspects are covered, these are as follows: abrasive jetting perforations as a standard application, fracturing fluid optimization in HPHT environment, modified fluid design, stair-step ramping of the pumping schedule, engineered fracture design to achieve sufficient fracture length and conductivity and post-frac flow-back monitoring and assessment.
Anisotropic interpolation error estimates via orthogonal expansions
Authors: Li Mingxia , Mao Shipeng
Published: January 2013

We prove anisotropic interpolation error estimates for quadrilateral and hexahedral elements with all possible shape function spaces, which cover the intermediate families, tensor product families and serendipity families. Moreover, we show that the anisotropic interpolation error estimates hold for derivatives of any order. This goal is accomplished by investigating an interpolation defined via orthogonal expansions.