bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light Modulates Virulence Factors in Strain Aac5 of Acidovorax citrulli
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zhao Mei , Yang Yuwen , Yang Linlin , Yan Jianpei , Fan Zehui , Bai Xue , Guan Wei , Walcott Ron , Zhao Tingchang
Published: May 2019

Background: Acidovorax citrulli causes bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), a disease that poses a global threat to watermelon and melon production. Despite the economic importance of BFB, relatively little is known about the regulation of A. citrulli pathogenesis. Light has a role in regulating the virulence factors of many plant pathogenic bacteria; however, the role of light in A. citrulli is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the roles of light in A. citrulli pathogenicity.
Results: We found that light suppressed swimming motility andbiofilm formation in A. citrulli Aac5 strain. Furthermore, we found that A. citrulli Aac5 strain exhibited significant differences in colony morphology under light and dark conditions. In fact, the twitching motility of A. citrulli Aac5 strain also was supressed cultured by light conditions compared to dark conditions. In addition, the expression of hrpG, hrpX, and hrcC genes, which are important for type 3 secretion system (T3SS), was inhibited under light compared to dark conditions. However, in A. citrulli host interactions, light suppressed ROS production and enhanced callose deposition by watermelon when induced by A. citrulli; in addition, light enhanced the ability of A, citrulli to infect watermelon. These results suggest that light affected the pathogenicity of A. citrulli Aac5 strain by regulating its virulence factors and watermelon immune response.
Conclusions: Light as an important environmental factor plays an important role in regulating the occurrence of plant diseases. BFB as an important watermelon disease seriously threatens the development of the industry. However, there are few reports on the impact of environmental factors on the disease. In our studying, we report for the first time that light can inhibit the expression of major virulence factors, such as swimming motility, biofilm formation, twitching motility, and even key gene of T3SS in A. citrulli Aac5 strain. But surprisingly, the light enhances the pathogenicity of A. citrulli Aac5 strain for natural host watermelons. The important phenotypes of host immune response are also different between ROS and callose deposition. These phenomena reflect the close relationship between BFB occurrence and light factor, which is of great significance for the study of BFB.
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion in human immunodeficiency virus infected adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Loan James JM , Poon Michael TC , Mankahla Ncedile , Meintjes Graeme , Fieggen Graham
Published: May 2019

Background
Hydrocephalus is a common, life threatening complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related central nervous system opportunistic infection which can be treated by insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). In HIV-infected patients there is concern that VPS might be associated with unacceptably high mortality. To identify prognostic indicators, we aimed to compare survival and clinical outcome following VPS placement between all studied causes of hydrocephalus in HIV infected patients.

Methods
The following electronic databases were searched: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, LILACS, Research Registry, the metaRegister of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, African Journals Online, and the OpenGrey database. We included observational studies of HIV-infected patients treated with VPS which reported of survival or clinical outcome. Data was extracted using standardised proformas. Risk of bias was assessed using validated domain-based tools.

Main results
670 unique study records were screened. Eight observational studies were included. Two included a total of 90 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and six included a total of 48 patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM). All of the CM and one of the TBM studies were of weak quality. One of the TBM studies was of moderate quality. One-month mortality ranged from 62.5-100% for CM and 33.3-61.9% for TBM. These pooled data were of low to very-low quality and was inadequate to support meta-analysis between aetiologies. HIV-infected patients with TBM had higher risk of one-month mortality compared with HIV non-infected controls (odds ratio 3.03; 95% confidence-interval 1.13- 8.12; p=0.03).

Conclusions
The evidence base is currently inadequate to inform prognostication in VPS insertion in HIV-infected patients. A population-based prospective cohort study is required to address this, in the first instance.

Registration
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration ID: CRD42016052239
Pollination Strategies to Improve Fruit Set in Orchards of ‘Manzanilloʼ Olive in a Nontraditional Producing Country, Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Estrada Alberto , Cuevas Julián
Published: May 2019

In countries new to producing ‘Manzanillo’ olive trees (Olea europaea), free cross-pollination is often insufficient to obtain high levels of fruit set. An appropriate pollination design is therefore essential to ensure a timely, abundant, and compatible pollen supply. With a view to determining whether a pollination deficit exists in a nontraditional olive area such as the northern Mexico, pollination experiments were carried out in two consecutive seasons in both a monovarietal and a multivarietal Manzanillo orchard, where Sevillano, Barouni, Picual, Pendolino, Mission, Nevadillo, and Frantoio trees were growing nearby. The pollination treatments were self-, open, and cross-pollination with ‘Barouni’ and ‘Sevillano’ pollen, the latter only in the multivarietal orchard. The results confirmed the full self-incompatible condition of ‘Manzanillo’. Open-pollination did not improve fruit set in the monovarietal orchard, but it did so significantly in the multivarietal plot, where fruit set levels under open-pollination matched those of cross-pollination. Lower pollen adhesion, as well as occasional decreased germination, and reduced and delayed pollen tube growth were observed under self-pollination, highlighting self-incompatibility reactions. The reduction in fertilization rates led to low fruit set under self-pollination. Positive effects of open- and cross-pollination treatments were also noted on fruit weight (despite higher crop loads) and pulp-to-pit ratios. A strategic plantation design, including appropriate pollinizers in the right number and position, is therefore suggested for increasing ‘Manzanillo’ fruit quality and yield in Mexico. Both ‘Barouni’ and ‘Sevillano’ served as efficient pollinizers for ‘Manzanillo’, although we recommend ‘Barouni’ as a more efficient because the bloom periods of them matched that of ‘Manzanillo’
The methodological approaches development to assess the creation and use of the financial capacity of the state
Authors: Vyhovska Nataliya , Polchanov Andrii , Aldiwani Khaled , Shukairi Fathi
Published: May 2019

The article focuses on the development of scientific and methodological approach to determining the level of creation and use of financial capacity to identify current trends of its transformation and perspective directions for development. The research urgency is due to the need to ensure high level of national security, ineffective use of the existing financial capacity of the state, disputability of scientific approaches to identifying its components and the need to choose the vector for the state’s further development. This requires additional research methodological aspects aimed at obtaining objective and well-founded assessment of the financial capacity level. The methodological approach proposed involves comparing the actual rated values of creation and use of the authorities’ financial resources (the ratio of the deficit/surplus of the state budget to GDP, the level of GDP redistribution through the consolidated budget, the ratio of the government and government-guaranteed debt to GDP and gross international reserves of Ukraine in the months of imports), financial resources of business entities (the level of listing companies capitalization, the ratio of non-performing loans to total gross loans, credit interest rate, companies’ ROA) and the financial resources of households (the share of cash income in total household resources, the ratio of the average amount of old-age pension to the average monthly nominal wage, the share of spending on food and non-alcoholic beverages in total household spending) with their recommended limits and the establishing a scoring making it possible to form an integral indicator that reflects the level of creation and use of the state’s financial capacity. The methodological approach has been tested using Ukraine as an example. This has made it possible to identify the negative tendencies of the creation and use of Ukraine’s financial capacity (the state budget imbalance, significant debt burden on the budget, high interest rates, significant share of household expenditure on consumption). Based on the results, perspectives for development of the state’s financial capacity are proposed.
Household drinking water safety among the population of Gaza Strip, Palestine: knowledge, attitudes, practices, and satisfaction
Authors: Abuzerr Samer , Nasseri Simin , Yunesian Masud , Hadi Mahdi , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Nabizadeh Ramin , Mustafa Ayman Abu
Published: May 2019

A descriptive cross-sectional study employing a structured questionnaire was employed to assess knowledge, attitude, practice, and satisfaction (KAPS) of Gaza's community on issues related to household drinking water safety. The results showed that of 1,857 household heads, 1,621 (87.3%) were males, with the majority (967, 52.1%) having a university educational level. Of surveyed households, 744 (40.1%) consisted of 5–7 persons and 885 (47.7%) of the households resided in refugee camps. Mean percentages for KAPS were 82 ± 15.5%, 64.9 ± 39.7%, 53.2 ± 14.1%, and 37.3 ± 26.56%, respectively. There were statistically significant associations between some sociodemographic variables and mean percentage of KAPS scores. Educational level was the only variable significantly associated (p < 0.05) with all mean KAPS scores. There was a significant positive linear correlation between knowledge-attitude (r = 0.362, p < 0.05), but a significant negative linear correlation between knowledge-practice (r = −0.070, p < 0.05) was also observed. Therefore, the Local Government Authority (LGA) should arrange community awareness campaigns on the importance of safety and hygiene measures of drinking water storage. Furthermore, and due to the poor financial capabilities of the LGA in Gaza, it is highly recommended that LGA contact relevant international donors in order to support programs aiming at improving household water supply.
Direct stenting in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and hyperglycemia
Authors: Bessonov I. , Kuznetsov V. , Gorbatenko E. , Zyrianov I. , Sapozhnikov S. , Dyakova A.
Published: May 2019

Aim. To evaluate in-hospital outcomes of direct stenting compared with stenting after predilation in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and hyperglycemia at admission.
Methods. Data were collected from hospital database, which includes information about all patients (n = 1 469) with ST-elevation myocardial infarction admitted to the coronary care unit and submitted to percutaneous coronary intervention. Plasma glucose was measured at hospital admission. Hyperglycemia was defined as plasma glucose of 7.77 mmol/L (140 mg/dL), regardless of the diabetic status. A total of 695 (46.3%) patients with hyperglycemia at admission were included in the analysis. Direct stenting (DS) was performed in 358 (51.5%) patients and 337 (48.5%) patients received stenting non-direct stenting. Among non-direct stenting group 292 (86.6%) patients received stenting after predilation, 19 (5.6%) patients received manual thrombus aspiration and 26 (7.7%) patients received stenting after combination of predilation and thrombus aspiration. The clinical and angiographic characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, as well as predictors of angiographic no-reflow were analysed. The composite of in-hospital death, myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis were defined as major adverse cardiac events (MACE).
Results. The rate of angiographic success was higher in DS group (96.1% vs. 89%, р<0,001). There were no difference in rates of stent thrombosis (1.1% vs. 0.9%, р = 0.764), repeat myocardial infarction (1.7% vs. 1.2%, р = 0,588), and access site complications (3.4% vs. 5.4%, р = 0.194) between groups. The rates death (3.9% vs. 9.5%, р = 0.003), MACE (5.3 vs. 11.3, р = 0.004), and no-reflow (2.2% vs. 11%, р<0.001) were significantly lower in the direct stenting group. Following propensity score matching, each group contained 160 patients. The rate of no-reflow (3.1% vs. 10.0%, р = 0.013) remain significantly lower in the DS group. There were no differences in rates of death (4.4% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.454), MACE (6.3% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.664), stent thrombosis (1.9% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.625), and repeat myocardial infarction (0.6% vs. 0.6%, р = 1,00) between groups.
Conclusion. Direct stenting in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and hyperglycemia is a safe and feasible technique. Direct stenting in patients with hyperglycemia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction was characterised with decrease in no-reflow rate.
Received 14 November 2018. Revised 10 December 2018, 1 March 2019. Accepted 14 March 2019.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
PAH: The Patient's Point of View
Authors: Farber Harrison W. , Barst Robyn , Poms Abby , Sears Karin , Larson Kirsten
Published: May 2019

In a departure from the usual composition of the roundtable—but still within the framework of a conversation among experts—guest editor Hap Farber assembled a panel of clinicians and patients to expand on the information available to providers concerning the real impact of a diagnosis of PAH on patients' lives. On January 11, 2012, after the participants introduced themselves to each other, a frank, and often laughter-filled, discussion on these issues ensued. We trust that you will find the points raised very useful in your role as a PAH provider.
The Role of Catheter-Based and Surgical Treatments in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Aboulhosn Jamil A.
Published: May 2019

This manuscript is intended to provide a brief overview of the indications for and outcomes of surgical and transcatheter interventions for congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Pulmonary hypertension is frequently encountered in children and adults with congenital heart disease and is most commonly related to large “central” shunts, ie, those occurring at the ventricular or great arterial level (Figure 1). If uncorrected early in infancy or childhood, large central shunts result in increased pulmonary blood flow, left heart volume overload, PH, and heart failure. If the child survives this initial period of volume overload and heart failure, they will very likely develop effacement of the normal pulmonary arterial architecture and severe elevations in pulmonary arterial resistance, eventually resulting in cyanosis and Eisenmenger syndrome.1
Seeking a Consensus on PH: Challenges Left by the Venice Symposium
Authors: Tapson Victor F. , Galiè Nazzareno
Published: May 2019

The Venice Symposium was a unique assemblage of physicians and scientists representing a variety of disciplines ranging from pulmonary medicine to cardiology, rheumatology, pathology, genetics, molecular biology, and surgery, all with a common interest in pulmonary vascular disease. The state-of-the-art overviews provided not only a perspective of where we are and how we got there, but also glimpses into the future of new and exciting directions in basic and translational research. The opportunity for basic investigators, clinical researchers, and representatives from industry to interact and explore new avenues to pursue will undoubtedly lead to fruitful collaborations and innovative approaches to the understanding, and ultimately the cure, of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. It is remarkable that, despite the attendance by several hundred individuals, a consensus on major issues was reached, including the adoption of a revised nomenclature. - Lewis Rubin, MD, University of California at San Diego.
Emerging Therapy of Congenital Heart Disease Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Landzberg Michael J.
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (CHD-PAH), as discussed throughout this issue of Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension, is one of the most commonly occurring causes of significant or severe morbidity and untimely mortality in CHD patients.1 Without surgical therapy, it is suggested that some 30% of CHD patients will develop PAH.2 Early recognition and treatment of CHD is often discussed, therefore, as the most effective preventive treatment measure for patients at risk for pulmonary vascular disease. Epidemiologic estimates of occur-rence of CHD-PAH have targeted approximately 15% of all CHD survivors as having PAH.3
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With Scleroderma
Authors: Farber Harrison , Silver Richard M. , Steen Virginia D. , Strange Charles
Published: May 2019

This discussion was moderated by Harrison (Hap) Farber, MD, Professor, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Panel members included Richard M. Silver, MD, Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics and Director of the Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Virginia D. Steen, MD, Proffessor of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and Charles Strange, MD, Professor of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
What Can be Learned in 6 Minutes? 6-Minute Walk Test Primer and Role in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Burger Charles D. , Zeiger Tonya
Published: May 2019

The 6-minute walk test is an easy to perform and practical test that has been used in the assessment of patients with a variety of cardiopulmonary diseases including pulmonary arterial hypertension. The correlation with maximal cardiac output renders the test an indirect measure of right ventricular function in patients with significant pulmonary arterial hypertension. The test has been employed in the majority of studies evaluating the efficacy of pulmonary arterial vasodilators. In addition, the distance walked has been demonstrated to correlate with prognosis. An understanding of the 6-minute walk test indications, logistics, limitations, and interpretation is important to the clinician utilizing this test to evaluate patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
International Conference Scientific Sessions: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Fagan Karen A. , Hill Nicholas , Champion Hunter
Published: May 2019

Following PHA's 9th International Pulmonary Hypertension Conference and Scientific Sessions, Karen Fagan, MD, guest editor of this issue of Advances, convened a call with Nicholas Hill, MD, Chief of the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, and Hunter Champion, MD, PhD, associate professor of medicine in the Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care, the Vascular Medicine Institute, and the Cardiovascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh, to discuss their perceptions of this and past meetings and the contributions they make to progress in basic and clinical science in the care of patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Third Party Financial Approval for PAH Medications
Authors: Shope Lori
Published: May 2019

The Ask the Expert column highlights challenges faced in caring for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Commentary in this issue focuses on obtaining financial approvals for therapies; Lori Shope, RN, discusses the PAH medication approval process.
Exploration of Fungal Lipase as Direct Target of Eugenol through Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Naz Farheen , Anis Haider , Hasan Ziaul , Islam Asimul , Khan Luqman A.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Fungal lipase dependent processes are important for their pathogenicity.
Lipases can therefore be explored as direct target of promising herbal antifungals.

Objective:

We explored Aspergillus niger lipase as a direct target of eugenol through spectroscopic
techniques and compare results with Bovine Serum Albumin and lysozyme to comment on
selectivity of eugenol towards lipase.

Methods:

In vitro activity assays of lipase are used to determine concentration ranges. UV-Visible,
Fluorescence and Circular dichroism spectroscopy were employed to determine binding constant,
stoichiometric binding sites and structural changes in Lipase, BSA and lysozyme following
incubation with varying concentrations of eugenol.

Results:

In activity assays 50% inhibition of lipase was obtained at 0.913 mmoles/litre eugenol.
UV-vis spectroscopy shows formation of lipase-eugenol, Bovine Serum Albumin-eugenol and
lysozyme-eugenol complex well below this concentration of eugenol. Eugenol binding caused blue
shift with Bovine Serum Albumin and lysozyme suggestive of compaction, and red shift with
lipase. Negative ellipticity decreased with lipase but increased with Bovine Serum Albumineugenol
and lysozyme-eugenol complexes suggesting loss of helical structure for lipase and
compaction for Bovine Serum Albumin and lysozyme. Binding of eugenol to lipase was strong
(Ka= 4.7 x 106 M-1) as compared to Bovine Serum Albumin and lysozyme. The number of
stoichiometric eugenol binding sites on lipase was found to be 2 as compared to 1.37 (Bovine
Serum Albumin) and 0.32 (lysozyme). Docking results also suggest strong binding of eugenol with
lipase followed by Bovine Serum Albumin and lysozyme.

Conclusion:

Eugenol is found to be effective inhibitor and disruptor of secondary and tertiary
structure of lipase, whereas its binding to Bovine Serum Albumin and lysozyme is found to be
weak and less disruptive of structures suggesting selectivity of eugenol towards lipase.
Biased Agonism as an Emerging Strategy in the Search for Better Opioid Analgesics
Authors: Piekielna-Ciesielska Justyna , Wtorek Karol , Janecka Anna
Published: May 2019

Morphine and related drugs that act through activating opioid receptors are the most effective analgesics for the relief of severe pain. They have been used for decades, despite the range of unwanted side effects that they produce, as no alternative has been found so far. The major goal of opioid research is to understand the mechanism of action of opioid receptor agonists and to improve the therapeutic utility of opioid drugs. In the search for safer and more potent analgesics, analogs with mixed opioid receptor profile gained a lot of interest. However, recently the concept of biased agonism, that highlights the fact that some ligands are able to differentially activate receptor downstream pathways, became a new approach in the design of novel drug candidates for clinical application. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the development of opioid ligands of peptide and nonpeptide structure, showing how much opioid pharmacology evolved in recent years.
Therapeutic Hypothermia and Neuroprotection in Acute Neurological Disease
Authors: Kurisu Kota , Kim Jong Youl , You Jesung , Yenari Midori A.
Published: May 2019

:

Therapeutic hypothermia has consistently been shown to be a robust neuroprotectant in many labs studying different models of neurological disease. Although this therapy has shown great promise, there are still challenges at the clinical level that limit the ability to apply this routinely to each pathological condition. In order to overcome issues involved in hypothermia therapy, understanding of this attractive therapy is needed. We review methodological concerns surrounding therapeutic hypothermia, introduce the current status of therapeutic cooling in various acute brain insults, and review the literature surrounding the many underlying molecular mechanisms of hypothermic neuroprotection. Because recent work has shown that body temperature can be safely lowered using pharmacological approaches, this method may be an especially attractive option for many clinical applications. Since hypothermia can affect multiple aspects of brain pathophysiology, therapeutic hypothermia could also be considered a neuroprotection model in basic research, which would be used to identify potential therapeutic targets. We discuss how research in this area carries the potential to improve outcome from various acute neurological disorders.
Circulating Biomarkers for Response Prediction of Rectal Cancer to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Bedin Chiara , Crotti Sara , D’Angelo Edoardo , D’Aronco Sara , Pucciarelli Salvatore , Agostini Marco
Published: May 2019

:

Rectal cancer response to neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (pCRT) is highly variable.
In fact, it has been estimated that only about 21 % of patients show pathologic Complete
Response (pCR) after therapy, while in most of the patients a partial or incomplete tumour
regression is observed. Consequently, patients with a priori chemoradioresistant tumour
should not receive the treatment, which is associated with substantial adverse effects and does
not guarantee any clinical benefit. For Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients (LARC), a
standardized neoadjuvant treatment protocol is applied, the identification and the usefulness
of prognostic or predictive biomarkers can improve the antitumoural treatment strategy, modifying
the sequence, dose, and combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical resection.

:

For these reasons, a growing number of studies are actually focussed on the discovery and investigation
of new predictive biomarkers of response to pCRT. In this review, we have selected
the most recent literature (2012-2017) regarding the employment of blood-based biomarkers
potentially predicting pCR in LARC patients and we have critically discussed them
to highlight their real clinical benefit and the current limitations of the proposed methodological
approaches.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Molecular Hydrogen: A New Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Ishibashi Toru
Published: May 2019

Background:

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is now recognized as a therapeutic gas for the treatment of numerous diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Nonpolar, neutral H2 is assumed to have health benefits facilitated by its passive diffusion across the human body immediately after administration and is considered a safe therapeutic inert gas that does not interfere with physiological enzymatic reactions. The effects of H2 on mammalian cells are assumed to be based on non-enzymatic reactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibiting extremely high reactivity. However, many reports on therapeutic applications of H2 have the limitation to regard H2 only as a scavenger for the hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite.

Methods:

Apart from this proposed principle, a new possible mechanism of H2 activation and consumption in mammalian cells is considered in this review, which is specifically focused on the mitochondrial complex I that has a close evolutionary relationship with energy-converting, membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenases (MBH). Notably, the possibility that H2 may function as both electron and proton donor in the ubiquinone-binding chamber of complex I is discussed.

Results:

H2 is proposed to act as the rectifier of the mitochondrial electron flow in the disordered or pathological state when the accumulation of electrons leads to ROS production, specifically during the re-supply of O2 after hypoxia in the mitochondria.

Conclusion:

Furthermore, H2 is proposed to convert the quinone intermediates to the fully reduced ubiquinol, thereby increasing the antioxidant capacity of the quinone pool as well as preventing the generation of ROS.
Wnt Signaling in Inflammation in Tissue Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Zhou Yang , Jin Joy , Feng Mei , Zhu Di
Published: May 2019

Inflammation is the first response occurring after damage or infection, which is a defensive
process for the body. It is well known that excessive inflammation can lead to further diseases such as
fibrosis. But a regenerative inflammatory response can accelerate the process of repairing injury, in
which a variety of cytokines, immune cells, and stem cells are involved. The Wnt signaling pathway was
originally known in the field of development. Recently, its role in regenerative inflammation has gradually
been established. Wnt signaling can regulate cell proliferation and differentiation through regulating
participants of regenerative inflammation. Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways are coordinated
to maintain homeostasis. Based on the process of regenerative inflammation and recent research
in this field, this paper reviews how the Wnt signaling pathway interact with other cells and pathways.
Current Understanding of the Molecular Mechanism between Hemodynamic- Induced Intracranial Aneurysm and Inflammation
Authors: Tang Haishuang , Luo Yin , Zuo Qiao , Wang Chuanchuan , Huang Qinghai , Zhao Rui , Liu Jianmin
Published: May 2019

Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are a huge threat to human health, with a global incidence rate
of 0.65–8.4%. Although the microsurgical and interventional techniques have made profound progression in treating IA, the relatively high rate of complications and recurrence are still not satisfactory. Thus, there is a need to elucidate its molecular mechanism. Numerous studies have identified the close relationship between hemodynamic-induced inflammation and development of IA. Indeed, the dysfunction of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, as well as their secreted cytokines, collectively contribute to the formation, growth and rupture of IA. Furthermore, the immune system has also been identified to participate in the development of IA. This review will explore the mechanisms of various inflammatory cells and significant cytokines, providing a new perspective in the clinical treatment of IA.
Matrine-Family Alkaloids: Versatile Precursors for Bioactive Modifications
Authors: Cai Xiao-hua , Zhang Hong-yan , Xie Bing
Published: May 2019

Matrine-family alkaloids as tetracycloquinolizindine analogues from Traditional Chinese
Medicine Sophora flavescens Ait, Sophora subprostrata and Sophora alopecuroides L possess
various pharmacological activities and have aroused great interests over the past decades. Especially,
a lot of matrine derivatives have been designed and synthesized and their biological activities
investigated, and encouraging results have continuously been achieved in recent several
years. These studies are helpful to develop more potent candidates or therapeutic agents and disclose
their molecular targets and mechanisms. This paper reviews recent advances in the bioactive
modifications of matrine-family alkaloids from derivatization of the C-13, C-14 or C-15 position,
opening D ring, fusing D ring and structural simplification.
Role of Neuroimaging Modality in the Assessment of Oxidative Stress in Brain: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pareek Vikas , Nath Banshi , Roy Prasun K.
Published: May 2019

Background & Objective:

Oxidative stress (OS) is the secondary source of an injury in consequence to the earlier caused primary injury; it is the condition of an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants within the physiological system. OS causes alterations in proteins and DNA structure, leading to inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and tissue damage. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Glioma-induced neurodegeneration and the normal aging-related neuro-degeneration are primarily associated with the increased OS. The present review article is committed to delivering a comprehensive overview of the current neuroimaging modalities which estimates an indirect correlate of OS in the brain. OS-induced changes in white matter tracts and the gray matter volumes are reviewed assessing the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) respectively. Further, the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the OS-induced alterations of chemical moieties, and thus the resultant structural implications in the neurological disorders are also briefly as well as precisely reviewed.

Conclusions:

In the present review article we present an overview of the role of neuroimaging modalities in the diagnosis, and longitudinal assessment during treatment of the OS induced changes.
SIMULATION OF THE FIGHTING IN THE DOMESTIC CAD SOFTWARE RADAR FULL END-TO-END CYCLE
Authors: Konovalchik A. P. , Plaksenko O. A. , Schiriy A. O.
Published: May 2019

JSC Almaz-Antey in the implementation of the integrated design of complex electronic systems, particularly radar systems, it is required to solve the problem of choosing and optimizing the design parameters of radar devices, including antenna systems, transmitter-receiver paths of radar systems (radar), algorithms and devices for digital generation and processing of radar signals, and radar systems in General. Currently there is no domestic computer-aided design systems that solve these tasks in the complex. Therefore, to solve such problems, the Concern’s enterprises are used by a number of disparate software solutions with their own development and their foreign counterparts. Due to the restrictions caused by the sanctions, the closed scope of the work, as well as in import substitution, highly relevant is the creation of CAD radar, allowing to solve the above problems in a continuous end-to-end loop design. The development of CAD radar conducted by the JSC Almaz-Antey, its subsidiaries and companies with expertise in the design of the radar, using their existing backlog. The paper shows the General architecture of a domestic computer aided design in full cycle end-to-end radar systems (facilities, stations); the concept of five levels of design in the system being developed and the basic requirements for the implementation of this concept. The specificity of the developed computer-aided design system is most pronounced in activity-based scenarios for the use of the designed product in terms of specific air and space attack and defense, and is implemented in the form of functional simulation of the fighting.
MODELING PRINCIPLES OF SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED RADAR SYSTEMS
Authors: Kozlov K. O.
Published: May 2019

The physical and mathematical principles of bistatic radar are considered in the article, the essential characteristics are considered when constructing a mathematical model of a spatially distributed radar system. The necessity of software implementation of such a model for further investigation of bistatic radars is substantiated. The article discusses the necessity of upgrading radar equipment to improve the quality of the detection and identification of small flying machines and means of achieving this. Discusses the physical and mathematical principles of non-emitting radar system with diversity receiver and the transmitter upon detection of air targets on the background of the underlying surface, are analyzed essential when constructing mathematical models of spatially-separated radar systems. Provides a general description of the scheme, non-emitting radar station and timing diagram of signals within the system with diversity receiver and the transmitter. Analyzed analytical expressions for modeling non-emitting radar - which allows you to analyze the system in different variations, on the basis of the results obtained by theoretical calculations and experimental studies. The necessity of a software implementation of this model for further research on bistatic radar.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFORMATIVITY OF THE SIGNS OF SELECTION OF THE SPACECRAFT, FORMED BY THE RESULTS OF PROCESSING THE TEMPORARY REALIZATIONS OF NON-COORDINATE INFORMATION
Authors: Nemykin O. I.
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the experimental study of the accumulated measurement information with the purpose of searching for an informative composition of the sign of selection for solving the problem of selection of space objects with an assessment of the expected indices of its quality and reliability. The results of the study of the possibility of using as an informative sign of selection for the solution of the problem of selection of spacecrafts for estimating its design features, as well as parameters characterizing its behavior in space as a rigid body, are presented. Studies are carried out for spacecraft, in the design of which there are largesized radar panels or fast-rotating elements. Estimations of the considered signs of selection are formed by radar non-coordinate information. An algorithm is developed for detecting a large-sized radar panel in a spacecraft structure and an algorithm for detecting fast-rotating elements in a spacecraft design and estimating rotational parameters using a discrete wavelet Haar transformation. The obtained results of the study are presented. The study of the quality of the signs of selection is carried out using interval parameter estimates.
METHODS AND ALGORITHMS FOR THE COMPLETE PROCESSING OF A POSTDETECTOR LOW-CONTRAST OPTICAL IMAGE
Authors: Lavrov V. V. , Luchkin R. S. , Nemykin O. I. , Prokhorov M. E. , Ryndin Yu. G. , Tyurin V. S.
Published: May 2019

Methods and algorithms for the complete processing of a post-detector low-contrast optical image (OI) of an unknown remote object obtained by ground-based optical means of observation under conditions of a complex background situation are considered. The purpose of processing is to separate and interpret at least with the help of the analyst, of the main constructive elements using the integrated indicators introduced in [6] and the characteristics of the analyzed OI, which are connected by the information, topological and metric structures of the OI. The stages of processing the OI include extracting the image-containing information object of the image portion (detection) and filtration of the OI, using recursive rank filtering. The final stages of processing include the segmentation of the OI and the allocation on it constructive elements using the apparatus of graph theory. An example of image processing of a Spot-5 spacecraft obtained in real conditions is given. It is shown that in this case at the detection stage it is possible to reduce the volume of information processed at subsequent stages by 8 times, in the filtration process to increase the compactness of the OI and to increase its connectivity in comparison with the post-detection OI. As a result of segmentation and allocation of constructive elements, three structural elements that can be interpreted as a spacecraft case and two remote panels can be identified with the analyst’s participation.
WIDEBAND UHF LOADS BASED ON STEPPED-HETEROGENEOUS LINES WITH LOSSES
Authors: Savenkov G. G. , Razinkin V. P. , Khrustalev V. A.
Published: May 2019

The relevance of wideband load devices application in the modern UHF equipment is described in this paper. The basic structure and principle of operation of microstrip load are described. Design methods of high power wideband UHF loads in a series connection of line segments with increasing value of dissipative losses are considered in this paper. The stepped-heterogeneous loads frequency properties analysis based on one-dimensional transmission lines theory and numeric electrodynamic modelling is carried out. It was shown, that considered loads based on large length transmit lines with dissipative losses have good matching quality on high frequencies, which worsen with frequency reduction. Frequency characteristics, calculated via numeric electrodynamic modelling method of one-step and two-step centimeter wavelength microstrip loads are represented. A convergence of modelling and theoretic characteristics is shown.
PRINCIPLES OF CREATION AND APPLICATION OF ADAPTABLE FIXED-SITE MAINTENANCE CENTRES
Authors: Pugacheva T. A. , Strakhov A. F. , Krivolapov V. L. , Kaynov A. B.
Published: May 2019

The AD WME items represent sophisticated technical systems (STS) designed for a long-term operation. Upon termination of the specified operational lifetime, the AD WME pieces have a competitive level of performance specification and are potentially suitable for further intended use (including possible modernisation) if judge by their functional capabilities. In order to extend operational lifetime and restore service life, the AD WME overhaul is envisaged. Overhaul was previously performed at specialised military maintenance shops. Due to reformation or liquidation of military maintenance shops, a necessity to create specialised fixed-site maintenance centres emerged. This article considers basic solutions related to creation of the advanced adaptable fixed-site maintenance centres designed to perform overhaul of the AD WME pieces which are in operational service of the Russian Aerospace Forces or planned to be accepted for operational service in future. Innovative solutions related to creation of the adaptable fixed-site maintenance centres are protected with the patents of the Russian Federation.
THE DETECTION OF PRECIPITATION AND THE DETERMINATION OF THEIR INTENSITY LEVEL BASED ON IMAGES GENERATED BY THE VISIBLE RANGE CAMERA
Authors: Petrov Yu. V. , Garmash V. N. , Korobochkin D. M.
Published: May 2019

This article provides a method for the automatic detection of precipitation and estimation of their intensity in the images generated by the camera in the visible range. With the ability to determine the rainfall intensity in one image and by reducing the number of operations of convolution and multiplication, characteristic of known similar methods, the proposed has a lower computational complexity and can be used on mobile platforms in real-time mode. The result is achieved by using such methods of digital image processing as the construction of a histogram of oriented gradients (HoG), digital filtering, discrete convolution and wavelet analysis. The main direction of the proposed method is implementation in enhanced and synthetic vision systems as a part of onboard radio-electronic complexes of aviation for the purpose to increase of situational awareness of crew at various stages of flight of the aircraft.
NEW RESULTS IN REDUCED ESTIMATION WITH SYSTEMATIC ERRORS IN MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR THE FORMATION OF A GROUP TIME SCALE
Authors: Aleshkin A. P. , Makarov A. A. , Matasov Yu. F.
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the behavior of reduced scalar estimates in the presence of systematic errors in the observational data. The proposed procedure with a different method of forming the reduction coefficient. A quasi-optimal variant of the compression parameter formation is considered. Simulation results for different conditions of application of the proposed algorithms are presented. Currently, one of the ways to improve the accuracy of the formation of the time scale in solving the problems of frequency-time customer support is the averaging of the readings of several generators. At the same time, this approach, as shown in the theory of statistical estimation, is effective for parrying the random component of the error of the estimated process. However, for frequency generators random error can be effectively compensated for a long range of observations, but the systematic component - frequency drift - is a serious problem, which can be eliminated by averaging only under certain conditions. Therefore, the article proposes a version of the reduced estimate, effective, as shown, to parry the departure of the time scale by introducing a shift in the implementation of compression, defined by the reduction procedure. The conditions in which the degree of the achieved positive effect has a practical sense are considered.
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE RELIABILITY OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS OF FOREIGN PRODUCTION ON THE RESULTS OF TESTS OF SMALL SAMPLES
Authors: Arkhipova I. V.
Published: May 2019

Within the framework of this article the question of reliability evaluation of electronic component base of foreign production, used as a part of electronic equipment of spacecrafts is considered. The reliability of electronic equipment of spacecrafts directly depends on the reliability of the electronic component base used as a component of it. This electronic component base should provide strict requirements for the active shelf life of the spacecrafts. To date, the requirements for gamma-percentile time to failure of electronic components used as a part of electronic equipment of spacecrafts, reaching 150,000 hours under standard value of у = 95%. Confirmation of such requirements is possible only in case of testing large samples for a long time, which entails considerable economic costs. This inevitably leads to the need to use and develop new ideas and methods of the theory of reliability. In this article, to confirm the reliability requirements for the electronic component base, it is proposed to generalize the estimated score and the data obtained from the results of accelerated tests for reliability, on the basis of the Bayesian theorem. In the result of the investigation was determined by the values of the failure rate of electronic components, as well as the possibility of increasing the value of probability of no failure operation у to a value of 99%, while maintaining the requirements of the gamma-percentile time to failure of electronic components base used as a part of electronic equipment of spacecrafts.