bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustained Splits of Attention within versus across Visual Hemifields Produce Distinct Spatial Gain Profiles
Authors: Walter Sabrina , Keitel Christian , Müller Matthias M.
Published: September 2015

Visual attention can be focused concurrently on two stimuli at noncontiguous locations while intermediate stimuli remain ignored. Nevertheless, behavioral performance in multifocal attention tasks falters when attended stimuli fall within one visual hemifield as opposed to when they are distributed across left and right hemifields. This “different-hemifield advantage” has been ascribed to largely independent processing capacities of each cerebral hemisphere in early visual cortices. Here, we investigated how this advantage influences the sustained division of spatial attention. We presented six isoeccentric light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the lower visual field, each flickering at a different frequency. Participants attended to two LEDs that were spatially separated by an intermediate LED and responded to synchronous events at to-be-attended LEDs. Task-relevant pairs of LEDs were either located in the same hemifield (“within-hemifield” conditions) or separated by the vertical meridian (“across-hemifield” conditions). Flicker-driven brain oscillations, steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), indexed the allocation of attention to individual LEDs. Both behavioral performance and SSVEPs indicated enhanced processing of attended LED pairs during “across-hemifield” relative to “within-hemifield” conditions. Moreover, SSVEPs demonstrated effective filtering of intermediate stimuli in “across-hemifield” condition only. Thus, despite identical physical distances between LEDs of attended pairs, the spatial profiles of gain effects differed profoundly between “across-hemifield” and “within-hemifield” conditions. These findings corroborate that early cortical visual processing stages rely on hemisphere-specific processing capacities and highlight their limiting role in the concurrent allocation of visual attention to multiple locations.
Globalization and Layered Spaces: The Case of Hitec City in Hyderabad, India
Authors: Sam Jillet Sarah
Published: September 2015

Abstract

In this essay, the area of Hitec City in Hyderabad, India, is analysed through the metaphor of “layered” spaces, in the context of global flows, particularly grobalization—the imperialistic imposition by nation-states and organizations on various geographic areas, involving the transnational expansion of common codes and practices. A layered space refers to multiple layers of actors who share the same space, although not all of them are equally prioritized in its conceptualization. Through a theoretically informed reading of Hitec City, this study highlights spatial polarization in the landscape, where certain actors, theglobal non-persons, are rendered as invisible as possible, so that they do not interfere with a specific global image, thegrobal-as-spectacle, projected through the medium of the landscape. This study draws heavily on the spatial form of Hitec City as a source of data. It is based on observation of this space through detailed mapping, as well as a descriptive analysis of the built forms in the area. While stratification and exclusion are not unique to globalization (or even to the process of grobalization), this study helps to examine particular forms that exclusion and stratification may take in the light of this process.
Some Aspects of the Theory of Abstraction in Plotinus and Iamblichus
Authors: Maggi Claudia
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the Plotinian and Iamblichean reading of the Aristotelian theory of abstraction, and its relationship with the status of mathematical entities, as they were conceived within a Platonic model, according to which mathematical objects are ontological autonomous and separate.
Whose Economics of Religion?
Authors: Seele Peter , Gatti Lucia , Lohse Aline
Published: September 2015

This article aims to map—for the first time—the emerging but not yet substantively defined field of economics of religion. To do so, we conducted a quantitative literature review, using the Partly Annotated Bibliography of Economics of Religion’s (Koch 2011) 763 publications as the sample. Although loaded with limitations like the German language backlog, the sample allows for an explorative map as it also includes publications from a variety of disciplines. The sample was coded along formal variables like discipline, date of publication, or language to quantify the body of literature, thereby enabling us to establish parameters to formally map the field. Our findings shed light on the most important disciplines (RQ1), most used publication formats (2), language frequencies (3), and most published experts (4); in addition, by synthesizing the results, we present trends and patterns according to disciplines over time (5) and interpret peak publication frequencies around 9/11. The limitation of the sample on language and comprehensiveness as well as the simplification of a solely quantitative approach is discussed, and further research including quantitative citation-based studies and qualitative measures is proposed.
Private Yugoslavism and Serbian Public Opinion, 1890–1914
Authors: Stojanović Dubravka
Published: September 2015

This article addresses manifestations of Yugoslavism in the pre-1914 period that have been neglected by recent scholarship. Its focus on everyday life reveals that since the mid-1890s there were constant contacts between the major ethnic groups that would constitute Yugoslavia after 1918. These contacts were not initiated by the political elite or by official activities. They were instead the reactions of ordinary residents of Belgrade who “discovered” peoples speaking the same language and having similar problems, “as we do.” There were many visits from Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia to Belgrade in the period 1890–1914 organized by different associations or individuals. Some of them organized public gatherings in the center of Belgrade that allowed residents to show “their love” to “our compatriots” from the South Slav lands of Austria-Hungary. Some of these events turned into real public demonstrations even before 1903, under the Obrenović dynasty and government, which was not Yugoslav oriented. And under the succeeding Karađorđević dynasty, even its leading Radical politicians favored the Yugoslav idea for a future state, although withholding public support until after the Serbian victory in the First Balkan War in 1912.
Living under Surveillance
Authors: Dobrivojević Ivana
Published: September 2015

This study examines the effect of surveillance and censorship on ordinary people in Serbia during the dictatorship of King Aleksandar. Special attention is paid to the problems of the Belgrade ministries in coordinating expanded police powers as well as the changing attitude of the Serbian public toward the royal regime and its emphasis on integral Yugoslavism. Well known for suppressing Croatian resentment of the new territorial redivision into banovine, the dictatorship also found itself with Serbian complaints to suppress. This paper is based on primary sources in the Archive of Yugoslavia and select periodicals of the period.
Struggling with Yugoslavism in the First Yugoslavia
Authors: Gašić Ranka
Published: September 2015

The debate over Yugoslav nationalism versus Serbian nationalism and the structure of the new Yugoslav state came to occupy a prominent place in the public discourse of the Belgrade political and intellectual elite at the end of the First World War and again before the start of the Second World War. The considerable prewar interest in Yugoslavism and some sort of Yugoslav state had not focused on the realistic challenges of including a large Croatian and Slovenian representation. The focus of this article is on the reaction of the Belgrade elite to these challenges, their major lines of division and agreement around the questions of centralism vs. federalism, and the national identity of Serbs, first in the new state and then in the later 1930s. Only then, after the efforts of King Aleksandar’s royal dictatorship to impose integral Yugoslavism had ended with his assassination, did the Belgrade elite turn to integral Serbian nationalism.
Impatiens tianlinensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
Authors: Zeng Lei , Liu Yan-nan , Gogoi Rajib , Zhang Lin-jing , Yu Sheng-xiang
Published: September 2015

Impatiens tianlinensis S. X. Yu & L. J. Zhang, a new species of the Balsaminaceae from Cenwang Laoshan Mountain, Tianlin County, Guangxi Region, is described and illustrated. This species closely resembles I. apalophylla and I. clavigera var. auriculata in having racemose inflorescences, 4 lateral sepals, hammer-shaped capsules and ellipsoid seeds, but differs in having sessile glanduliferous petioles, few-flowered inflorescences, incurved spur, yellow lower sepal without reddish patches, yellowish petals and lower sepal, and acuminate dorsal petal apex. The molecular data, from nuclear ribosomal and plastid genes, as well as pollen characters also support that the species is new to science.
The potato pest Russelliana solanicola Tuthill (Hemiptera: Psylloidea): taxonomy and host-plant patterns
Authors: SERBINA LILIYA , BURCKHARDT DANIEL , BIRKHOFER KLAUS , SYFERT MINDY M. , HALBERT SUSAN E.
Published: September 2015

The Neotropical jumping plant-louse Russelliana solanicola Tuthill is a potato pest and a probable vector of plant pathogens. Populations morphologically similar to those found on potatoes have been collected on plants of at least ten different families, four of which have been confirmed as hosts by the presence of immatures. This suggests that R. solanicola is either a single polyphagous species or a complex of closely related, monophagous species (host races/cryptic species). Results of our analyses of multiple morphometric characters show for both sexes a grouping of the populations of R. solanicola and a clear separation of the latter from other Russelliana species. On the other hand, within R. solanicola, there is an overlap of populations from different host-plants as well as from different geographical regions. The results of the present study strongly suggest that R. solanicola is a single, polyphagous species and the known distribution indicates that it is native to the Andes. It is likely that R. solanicola has been introduced into eastern Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The polyphagy together with the ability to disperse and transmit plant pathogens potentially make this species an economically important pest of potato and other crop species.
Review of the last instar larvae and pupae of Hexatoma (Eriocera) and Hexatoma (Hexatoma) (Diptera, Limoniidae, Limnophilinae)
Authors: PODENIENE VIRGINIJA , GELHAUS JON K.
Published: September 2015

Description, illustrations and habitat characteristics are given for the previously unknown larvae and pupae of Nearctic species Hexatoma (Eriocera) californica, H. (E.) fuliginosa and East Palaearctic species H. (E.) sachalinensis, H. (E.) stackelbergi, H. (E.) ussuriensis and H. (s.str.) nubeculosa. Hexatoma (E.) sachalinensis, H. (E.) stackelbergi, and H. (s.str.) nubeculosa are reported new for Mongolia based on larval and reared adult collections. There are no distinguishing morphological characters to separate last instar larvae of the subgenera H. (Eriocera) and H. (Hexatoma), while pupae of these subgenera can be separated by the size and shape of the spines on the terminal segments. This study indicates that microscopic setae on the last abdominal segment, length of maxillary palpi, sclerotization of the spiracular field, length of spiracular lobes, length of setae on the apical part of the ventral lobes, the shape of the labrum and the arrangement of sensory structures on the labrum are the main larval characters to distinguish among species in this genus. The shape and length of the respiratory horns, size and number of the horns of the cephalic crest, length of the antennal sheaths, the lengths of the sheaths of the legs, size and shape of tubercles on the antennal scape are the main distinguishing pupal characters for the species of this genus. Nearly all known species of Hexatoma develop in sand or gravel in bottom of large and medium size rivers, smaller streams and creeks while last instar larvae and pupae can be found in the riparian zone, usually in gravel, sand or under stones.
A new species of Diadumene (Actiniaria: Diadumenidae) from the subtropical coast of Brazil
Authors: BENETI JULIA S. , STAMPAR SÉRGIO N. , MARONNA MAXIMILIANO M. , MORANDINI ANDRÉ CARRARA , SILVEIRA FÁBIO LANG DA
Published: September 2015

Diadumene paranaensis n. sp., collected from the Yacht Club of Paranaguá (Paranaguá Bay, Paraná State, southern Brazil), is described as a new species of sea anemone, based on external and internal morphology, cnidome, and molecular data for 16S/CO3 mitochondrial DNA. This species is partially similar to D. cincta due to the presence of macrobasic p-amastigophores in the tentacles, but is distinguished by the cinclides arranged in longitudinal rows and microbasic p-amastigophores in the acontia.
New species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Rio Tapajós and Rio Xingu drainages, Pará, Brazil
Authors: MENDONÇA MARINA B. , NETTO-FERREIRA ANDRE L.
Published: September 2015

Characidium nana is described from the Rio Xingu and Rio Tapajós drainages. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by the absence of the inner series of dentary teeth, the absence of the parietal branch of the supraorbital laterosensory canal, the incomplete lateral line, the lack of an adipose fin, the presence of a conspicuous dark blotch on caudal peduncle as well as an evident dark, midlateral stripe, and the presence of 12 circumpeduncular scales. The relationships of the new species and its inclusion among the species of clade C4 are discussed.
Observational Evidence of Frontal-Scale Atmospheric Responses to Kuroshio Extension Variability
Authors: Wang Yi-Hui , Liu W. Timothy
Published: September 2015

This study investigates the regional atmospheric response to the Kuroshio Extension (KE) using a combination of multiple satellite observations and reanalysis data from boreal winter over a period of at least a decade. The goal is to understand the relationship between KE variations and atmospheric responses at low frequencies. A climate index is used to measure the interannual to decadal KE variability, which leaves remarkable imprints on the mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST). Clear spatial coherence between the SST signals and frontal-scale atmospheric variables, including surface wind convergence, vertical velocity, precipitation, and clouds, is identified by linear regression analysis. Consistent with previous studies, the penetrating effect of the KE variability on the free atmosphere is found. The westward tilt of the atmospheric response above the KE near 500 hPa is revealed. The difference in the associations of frontal-scale air temperature and geopotential height with the KE variability between the satellite observations and the reanalysis data suggests an imperfect interpretation of frontal-scale oceanic forcing on the overlying atmosphere in the reanalysis assimilation system.
Dynamical Downscaling–Based Projections of Great Lakes Water Levels*+
Authors: Notaro Michael , Bennington Val , Lofgren Brent
Published: September 2015

Projections of regional climate, net basin supply (NBS), and water levels are developed for the mid- and late twenty-first century across the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. Two state-of-the-art global climate models (GCMs) are dynamically downscaled using a regional climate model (RCM) interactively coupled to a one-dimensional lake model, and then a hydrologic routing model is forced with time series of perturbed NBS. The dynamical downscaling and coupling with a lake model to represent the Great Lakes create added value beyond the parent GCM in terms of simulated seasonal cycles of temperature, precipitation, and surface fluxes. However, limitations related to this rudimentary treatment of the Great Lakes result in warm summer biases in lake temperatures, excessive ice cover, and an abnormally early peak in lake evaporation. While the downscaling of both GCMs led to consistent projections of increases in annual air temperature, precipitation, and all NBS components (overlake precipitation, basinwide runoff, and lake evaporation), the resulting projected water level trends are opposite in sign. Clearly, it is not sufficient to correctly simulate the signs of the projected change in each NBS component; one must also account for their relative magnitudes. The potential risk of more frequent episodes of lake levels below the low water datum, a critical shipping threshold, is explored.
Treatment Readiness as a Determinant of Treatment Participation in a Prison-Based Rehabilitation Program: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Bosma Anouk Q. , Kunst Maarten J. J. , Dirkzwager Anja J. E. , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: September 2015

The current study had three aims. First, it measured treatment readiness among offenders who entered the Prevention of Recidivism program. This is a prison-based rehabilitation program in the Netherlands that aims to lower re-offending rates among offenders with a prison sentence of at least for months and that is carried out during the final months of incarceration. Second, the study evaluated whether treatment readiness was associated with treatment participation. Third, the study examined whether treatment readiness measured with a validated instrument predicted treatment participation above and beyond a clinical assessment of treatment readiness, currently used as a criterion to include offenders in rehabilitation programs. To address these aims, data were used from the fourth wave of a research project studying the effects of imprisonment on the life of detainees in the Netherlands. Results indicated that treatment readiness as measured with a validated instrument was a significant predictor of treatment participation. Also, the current study showed that treatment readiness measured with a validated instrument improved the prediction of treatment participation above and beyond a clinical assessment of treatment readiness. Outcomes were discussed in light of study limitations and implications.
“I Learned Things That Make Me Happy, Things That Bring Me Down”
Authors: Norona Jerika C. , Roberson Patricia N. E. , Welsh Deborah P.
Published: September 2015

Early romantic relationships have been described as the “learning context” and “training ground” for future intimate relationships; however, research has yet to examine the lessons that individuals take away from such relationships. In the present mixed-methods, longitudinal study, 348 adolescents and emerging adults (53% girls/young women) between the ages of 15 and 23 years were asked to reflect on and report the lessons they learned from romantic relationships in which they were involved 1 year ago (Time 1). These lessons were found to reflect the areas of romantic competence proposed by Shulman et al., including social cognitive maturity, romantic agency, and coherence. Quantitative analyses revealed that girls/young women more often referenced all three of the investigated areas of romantic competence than did boys/young men. In addition, emerging adults and individuals whose relationships were still intact at Time 2 more often referenced social cognitive maturity and coherence, whereas adolescents and individuals whose relationships ended by Time 2 more often referenced romantic agency. Furthermore, qualitative analyses revealed important gender and age differences in the ways adolescent girls and boys and emerging adult women and men described their lessons. In general, results suggest an experiential component to the development of romantic competence that complements developmental factors.
Machining of bone: Analysis of cutting force and surface roughness by turning process
Authors: Noordin MY , Jiawkok N , Ndaruhadi PYMW , Kurniawan D
Published: September 2015

There are millions of orthopedic surgeries and dental implantation procedures performed every year globally. Most of them involve machining of bones and cartilage. However, theoretical and analytical study on bone machining is lagging behind its practice and implementation. This study views bone machining as a machining process with bovine bone as the workpiece material. Turning process which makes the basis of the actually used drilling process was experimented. The focus is on evaluating the effects of three machining parameters, that is, cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut, to machining responses, that is, cutting forces and surface roughness resulted by the turning process. Response surface methodology was used to quantify the relation between the machining parameters and the machining responses. The turning process was done at various cutting speeds (29–156 m/min), depths of cut (0.03 −0.37 mm), and feeds (0.023–0.11 mm/rev). Empirical models of the resulted cutting force and surface roughness as the functions of cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed were developed. Observation using the developed empirical models found that within the range of machining parameters evaluated, the most influential machining parameter to the cutting force is depth of cut, followed by feed and cutting speed. The lowest cutting force was obtained at the lowest cutting speed, lowest depth of cut, and highest feed setting. For surface roughness, feed is the most significant machining condition, followed by cutting speed, and with depth of cut showed no effect. The finest surface finish was obtained at the lowest cutting speed and feed setting.
Predictors of rapid reincarceration in mentally ill young offenders
Authors: Kasinathan John
Published: September 2015

Objective:

Describe characteristics of mentally ill young offenders released from custody and predictors of those who rapidly returned to custody.

Method:

Ambidirectional cohort study of 51 young males with mental disorders released from the largest New South Wales Juvenile Justice Centre (2005–2007), a health file audit at time of release and prospective determination of reincarceration.

Results:

Overall 47% were Aboriginal, 43% originated from regional communities, substance disorders were highly prevalent and only 12% accessed prior community mental health care. Over half (57%) satisfied diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia spectrum disorder. In custody, 39% were suicidal and 18% were homicidal. A majority (90%) returned to custody over a median of 28 months; half within five months of release. Schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder ( p<.001), bipolar disorder ( p=.001) and schizoaffective disorder ( p=.005) predicted rapid reincarceration, with shorter community survival than those without those diagnoses ( p=.009). Antipsychotic treatment ( p=.006) and treatment duration in custody ( p=.006) predicted longer community survival. Aboriginality, younger age, prior incarceration and substance disorders were not predictive of rapid reincarceration.

Conclusions:

Serious mental illness was a significant predictor of rapid reincarceration in young offenders. Treatment improved community survival. The findings highlight the need for optimal psychiatric treatment and post-release care for young offenders with mental illness.
Integration of Cognitive Task Analysis and Design Thinking for Autonomous Helicopter Displays
Authors: Papautsky Elizabeth Lerner , Dominguez Cynthia , Strouse Robert , Moon Brian
Published: September 2015

Ensuring that unmanned aerial systems’ (UAS) control stations include a tight coupling of systems engineering with human factors, cognitive analysis, and design is key to their success. We describe a combined cognitive task analysis (CTA) and design thinking effort to develop interfaces for an operator controlling an autonomous helicopter, a prototype system that the Office of Naval Research is developing. We first conducted CTA interviews with subject-matter experts having expertise in UAS flight operations, helicopter resupply, military ground forces, and marine airspace control. Data informed the development of analysis products, including human–system interface requirements, which drove the creation of design concepts through ideation sessions using design thinking methods. We validated and refined the design concepts with UAS pilots. We provide an overview of our process, illustrated by details of a timeline display development. Significant aspects of our work include close integration of CTA and design thinking efforts, designing for an “envisioned world” of interaction with highly autonomous helicopter systems, and the importance of knowledge elicitation early in system design. This effort represents a successful demonstration of an innovative design process in developing UAS interfaces.
Paid Work and Physical Activity Preserve Functional Capacity in Elderly People
Authors: Ono Lariane Mortean , Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola , Confortin Susana Cararo , d’Orsi Eleonora
Published: September 2015

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and association between functional disability and health conditions in elderly people. Method: A cross-sectional, population-based study with 1,705 elderly residents in urban region of Florianópolis, Brazil, from September 2009 to July 2010. The functional disability was classified according to the difficulty in accomplishing six basic activities of daily living. The crude and adjusted multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors. Results: The prevalence of mild functional disability was 38.9%, and it was positively associated with being female, older age, reporting four or more chronic diseases, overweight, and negative self-perception of health. High education and income, having paid work, and being physically active in leisure activities reduced the chance of presenting it. The prevalence of moderate/severe disability was 11.7% and positively associated with older age, presence of depressive symptoms, four or more chronic diseases, and negative self-perception of health. High education, paid work, and being physically active in leisure activities also reduced the chance of presenting moderate/severe disability. Conclusion: Being gainfully employed, having a high level of education, and being physically active in their leisure time reduced the chance of presenting disability. The negative self-perception of health was the factor that most increased the chance of presenting functional disability.
In situ observations and measurements during solidification of CuNi weld pools
Authors: Chiocca A. , Soulié F. , Deschaux-Beaume F. , Bordreuil C.
Published: September 2015

A two-scale in situ observation set-up has been used to investigate the physical phenomena around the solid/liquid interface in welding. A spot gas tungsten arc welding process is used to observe weld pool solidification phenomenon after arc extinction. The solidification front and the fluid flow in the weld pool have been observed at a microscale by a high speed camera. The whole weld pool and the surrounding base metal have been filmed at a macroscale by an infrared camera to estimate temperature fields around the weld pool and bead shape. A qualitative and quantitative dataset was extracted from these observations that involve useful results for further improvements of the understanding of weld solidification mechanisms and to enhance solidification models.
ATM deficiency promotes development of murine B-cell lymphomas that resemble diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in humans
Authors: Hathcock Karen S. , Padilla-Nash Hesed M. , Camps Jordi , Shin Dong-Mi , Triner Daniel , Shaffer Arthur L. , Maul Robert W. , Steinberg Seth M. , Gearhart Patricia J. , Staudt Louis M. , Morse Herbert C. , Ried Thomas , Hodes Richard J.
Published: September 2015

Key Points

ATM deficiency promotes the development of murine B-cell lymphomas that model human ABC DLBCL. T cell–dependent immune surveillance may be important to prevent emergence of ATM-deficient B-cell lymphomas.
On a method for reducing interpretation uncertainty of poorly imaged seismic horizons and faults using geomechanically based restoration technique
Authors: Maerten Frantz , Maerten Laurent
Published: September 2015

To reduce exploration risk and optimize production in structurally complex areas, the geologic interpretation must be based on sound geomechanical principles. Despite advances in 3D seismic acquisition and processing techniques as well as in the availability of computationally robust interpretation software, the challenge associated with interpreting complex structures from seismic reflection data is that highly deformed areas surrounding faults, folds, and salt surfaces are often poorly imaged and therefore their interpretation is highly uncertain. We have developed a methodology that should help geophysicists quickly check the strengths and weaknesses of their interpretation and to automatically reduce the uncertainty in a faulted horizon geometry. Our workflow consisted of restoring interpreted seismic horizons and relating the concentrations of computed deformation attributes to areas of interpretation uncertainty. We used the technique based on an iterative finite-element formulation that allowed unfolding and unfaulting of 3D horizons using physical elastic behavior. A fast algorithm has been developed to automatically correct the interpreted structures in zones that exhibited anomalous deformation concentrations after restoration. This approach is able to mechanically check and reduce uncertainty in a faulted seismic horizon interpretation. Its application to synthetic and reservoir data has a high degree of reliability in the characterization of structurally complex reservoirs. This technique is also applicable to 2D models (geologic cross sections) and 3D models (volume).
Response History Analysis for the Design of New Buildings in the NEHRP Provisions and ASCE/SEI 7 Standard: Part III - Example Applications Illustrating the Recommended Methodology
Authors: Zimmerman Reid B. , Baker Jack W. , Hooper John D. , Bono Stephen , Haselton Curt B. , Engel Albert , Hamburger Ron O. , Celikbas Ayse , Jalalian Afshar
Published: September 2015

This paper represents the third part of a series of four publications on response history analysis for new buildings. Three real-building examples designed to a prior version of the building code are chosen, having a range of target spectrum characteristics, tectonic settings, and structural systems to test the new procedure and document its appropriate implementation. This paper describes the process of determining both MCER spectra and scenario spectra for all three examples. It explores selection of appropriate recorded ground motions and the procedure for scaling and spectrally matching to a maximum direction spectrum. Global results such as drift and treatment of unacceptable response, and local results such as force-and deformation-controlled acceptance criteria checks, are shown for each example. Practical guidance is given on implementing response history analysis for engineers employing the new Chapter 16.
Novel Humanitarian Aid Program: The Glivec International Patient Assistance Program—Lessons Learned From Providing Access to Breakthrough Targeted Oncology Treatment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Garcia-Gonzalez Pat , Boultbee Paula , Epstein David
Published: September 2015

Imatinib was the first targeted therapy approved for the treatment of cancer. With its approval, it was immediately clear to Novartis that this breakthrough therapy would require an innovative approach to worldwide access, with special consideration of low- and middle-income countries. Lack of government reimbursement, universal health care, or health insurance coverage, few trained specialty physicians or diagnostic services, and poor health care infrastructure were, and continue to be, contributing barriers to access to treatment in low- and middle-income countries. The Glivec International Patient Assistance Program (GIPAP) is an international drug donation program established by Novartis Pharma AG and implemented in partnership with The Max Foundation, a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization. GIPAP was established in 2001, essentially in parallel with the first approval of imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia. Since 2001, GIPAP has made imatinib accessible to all medically and financially eligible patients within 80 countries on an ongoing basis as long as their physicians prescribe it and no other means of access exists. To date, more than 49,000 patients have benefited from GIPAP, and 2.3 million monthly doses of imatinib have been approved through the program. GIPAP represents an innovative drug donation model that has set the standard for access programs for other targeted or innovative therapies. The purpose of this article is to describe the structure of GIPAP, as well as important lessons that have contributed to the success of the program. This article may assist other companies with the development of successful and far-reaching patient assistance programs in the future.
Condensation of Indoles and Aldehydes in Subcritical Water without the Addition of Catalysts
Authors: Hirashita Tsunehisa , Ogawa Masaki , Hattori Reina , Okochi Sota , Araki Shuki
Published: September 2015

A series of 3,3′-diindolylmethanes were prepared in high yields from indoles and aldehydes under subcritical water conditions without the addition of catalysts. 3-Alkenylindoles were also obtained in good yields from aldehydes bearing benzylic hydrogen atoms.
Developing a wintering waterfowl community baseline for environmental monitoring of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island
Authors: Kreakie Betty J. , Winiarski Kristopher , McKinney Richard
Published: September 2015

In 2004, the Atlantic Ecology Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development began an annual winter waterfowl survey of Rhode Island’s Narragansett Bay. Herein, we explore the survey data gathered from 2004 to 2011 in order to establish a benchmark understanding of our waterfowl communities and to establish a statistical framework for future environmental monitoring. The abundance and diversity of wintering waterfowl were relatively stable during the initial years of this survey, except in 2010 when there was a large spike in abundance and a reciprocal fall in diversity. There was no significant change in ranked abundance of most waterfowl species, with only Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) and Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucllatus) showing a slight yet significant upward trend during the course of our survey period. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to examine the community structure of wintering waterfowl. The results of the NMDS indicate that there is a spatial structure to the waterfowl communities of Narragansett Bay and this structure has remained relatively stable since the survey began. Our NMDS analysis helps to solidify what is known anecdotally about the bay’s waterfowl ecology, and provides a formalized benchmark for long-term monitoring of Narragansett Bay’s waterfowl communities. Birds, including waterfowl, are preferred bioindicators and we propose using our multivariate approach to monitor the future health of the bay. While this research focuses on a specific area of New England, these methods can be easily applied to novel areas of concern and provide a straightforward nonparametric approach to community-level monitoring. The methods provide a statistic test to examine potential drivers of community turnover and well-suited visualization tools.
Relation of civil and labor contracts in regulation of labor relations with foreign participation
Authors: Раджабов Махмадьёр , Radzhabov Makhmader , Кодиркулов Хуршед , Kodirkulov Khurshed
Published: September 2015

In this article, the correlation has been made between labor agreement and civil and legal agreement applicable in the field of labor with the involvement of foreign presence based on scientific sources and analysis of the existing legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Problems of democratic transformation of state legal process in the XXI century
Authors: Мамычев Алексей , Mamychev Aleksey , Мамычева Диана , Mamycheva Diana
Published: September 2015

The article analyzes the ideological and democracy as a conceptual framework for the development of state-legal process in the XXI century. Highlighted the contradictions and strains arising from the transition from democracy unique civilizational model of political and legal organization of society to the universal, worldwide trend.
Rapid tooling: A major shift in tooling practice
Authors: Equbal Azhar , Sood Anoop Kumar , Shamim Mohammad
Published: September 2015

To solve the tool-making bottleneck, it is fundamental to integrate rapid manufacturing methodologies for rapid tooling, which reduces the lead-time to manufacture the tools while improving their quality. Rapid tooling (RT) is a progression of rapid prototyping (RP). RT is the art of producing tooling directly from CAD models of the part. RT technology plays a major role in increasing the pace of tooling development. This paper describes the role of RT according to the current market situation. An ample review of examples of rapid tooling indicates a new trend of tooling practice. This trend in manufacturing based on rapid prototyping and rapid tooling has already had a dynamic impact on the engineering environment.
Long-term high frequency measurements of ethane, benzene and methyl chloride at Ragged Point, Barbados: Identification of long-range transport events
Authors: Archibald A.T. , Witham C.S. , Ashfold M.J. , Manning A.J. , O’Doherty S. , Greally B.R. , Young D. , Shallcross D.E.
Published: September 2015

Here we present high frequency long-term observations of ethane, benzene and methyl chloride from the AGAGE Ragged Point, Barbados, monitoring station made using a custom built GC-MS system. Our analysis focuses on the first three years of data (2005–2007) and on the interpretation of periodic episodes of high concentrations of these compounds. We focus specifically on an exemplar episode during September 2007 to assess if these measurements are impacted by long-range transport of biomass burning and biogenic emissions. We use the Lagrangian Particle Dispersion model, NAME, run forwards and backwards in time to identify transport of air masses from the North East of Brazil during these events. To assess whether biomass burning was the cause we used hot spots detected using the MODIS instrument to act as point sources for simulating the release of biomass burning plumes. Excellent agreement for the arrival time of the simulated biomass burning plumes and the observations of enhancements in the trace gases indicates that biomass burning strongly influenced these measurements. These modelling data were then used to determine the emissions required to match the observations and compared with bottom up estimates based on burnt area and literature emission factors. Good agreement was found between the two techniques highlight the important role of biomass burning. The modelling constrained by in situ observations suggests that the emission factors were representative of their known upper limits, with the in situ data suggesting slightly greater emissions of ethane than the literature emission factors account for. Further analysis was performed concluding only a small role for biogenic emissions of methyl chloride from South America impacting measurements at Ragged Point.

These results highlight the importance of long-term high frequency measurements of NMHC and ODS and highlight how these data can be used to determine sources of emissions 1000’s km away.
Losing the stiff upper lip: resilience for practitioners
Authors: Williams Sara , Keep Jane
Published: September 2015

This article explores resilience in the context of busy healthcare environments, and raises the question as to whether there is another way of looking at it. We know healthcare is under intense pressure to deliver, with less resources which can squeeze staff to feel stretched, and rushing from pillar to post. Resilience has been a way of looking for more steadiness in these environments, and typically engenders notions of protection, toughening up, steeling oneself and developing a thicker skin in the face of some adversity, but is hardiness or mental toughness the way to respond while working in intensely busy working environments, particularly where patient care is involved? What if sensitivity was the order of the day?.
What you need to know about the hepatitis alphabet: A to G
Authors: Winter George
Published: September 2015

George Winter explains the different types and patients most at-risk, in the UK and abroad
Nicky Morgan under pressure over fairer funding promise
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: September 2015

School leaders and MPs step-up pressure for the early publication of DfE proposals outlining a new fairer funding formula for schools
The need for space in art practice
Authors: Solomons Ruth
Published: September 2015

This article starts with the premise that artists have an intrinsic understanding of visual space through a theoretical awareness of spatial discourses in art, including the ‘gesture’, objecthood and post-studio debates. This understanding then becomes interwoven into the practical aspects of sustaining an art practice, and expanded within the broader context of the socially felt space within which artists make work. The article looks at practices that exemplify the artist’s need for space, in relation to: spaces in which artworks are produced, stored and distributed; the depicted studio; occupations which deny headspace; and gendered containment of domestic space. Lastly, the article asks whether practices with varying adaptability to spatial resources are then varyingly resilient when there is a lack of space, resulting in different levels of sustainability for different types of practice.
Exploded diagrams and faulty parts
Authors: Charlton James
Published: September 2015

CDD – Compulsive Dismantling Disorder, is a quasi-diagnosis for the systematic and obsessive dissembling of objects, whereby an object becomes an exploded diagram of its parts. This is analogous to empirical research methods, whereby a human analyses an object in terms of its cumulative parts. Taken as an ontological perspective, questions of operation and dependence arise in relation to the theories of Tristan Garcia and Graham Harman. When considering the Journal of Artistic Research (JAR) in this context, an irreducible issue of potentiality is identified: selfexposition prohibits art from functioning as art-research.
Beyond deconstruction: Desire in postmodern American appropriation art
Authors: Vranou Sofia
Published: September 2015

Towards the end of the 1970s the American art scene welcomed a new era: postmodernism. The new radical practices and ideas concerning representation were central in the photo-conceptual art of this period, and appropriation became the key deconstructive method. This is an article about the Pictures Generation, the way postmodernism was initially theorized, and deconstructed, and the notion of desire through the analysis of significant artworks of that period.
Factory of the self
Authors: Hilton Jed
Published: September 2015

Starting with the origins of the Information Age and the Dot-Com bubble of the early 1990s, this article explores the rise of a culture dominated by the computer. This article argues that society is only understood through the language and techniques of the computer and has had a lasting effect on art and society. This idea is further explored through Nicolas Bourriaud’s theory on Relational Aesthetics and charts the link between a technological environment and way we produce and understand art. Interlinked with this argument is an analysis on how the computer has changed the face of labour, with the gallery and the monitor becoming new environments of production.
Memory and Place: Sketchbook reflection
Authors: Black Matt
Published: September 2015

This article aims to compare and contrast two different types of drawing mediums and their ability to capture the nature of time and memory. The purpose of this enquiry is to gain a better understanding of the process of both drawing and thinking and how the qualities of different graphic tendencies correspond to these processes. Throughout the creation of the drawings and the reflective writing that ensued, the main point of reference has been Bachelard’s book The Poetics of Space (1994). The reading of this text and the metaphors within have both inspired and confirmed the qualities within the drawings. The recognition of this interplay is invaluable for future practice.
Playing video games together with others: Differences in gaming with family, friends and strangers
Authors: Eklund Lina
Published: September 2015

This empirical study investigates social digital gaming habits through a national survey of Swedes aged 12–100. The enquiry concerns patterns of gaming and compares playing with different co-players in order to map out this growing practice among the general population. Logistic regression models are used to analyse the data. Results show support for the importance of separating different social gaming contexts according to the relational status of co-players: whom people play games with – family, friends or strangers – affects how players engage with games. Social gamers were younger, had higher achieved education, were more dedicated and spent more time on gaming. Furthermore, contrary to expectations, male gamers are more social than female gamers. Results show how digital gaming adapts to life rather than the other way around. Finally, digital gaming is shown to be situated in a complex weave of interactions and structures that go over and beyond the gaming itself.
Creating stories for a composite form: Video game design as Frame Orchestration
Authors: Linderoth Jonas
Published: September 2015

Storytelling in games in the early years of game studies was seen as being in conflict with gameplay. Departing from that debate, I argue that it is productive to see video games as a composite form supporting different frames for involvement. Against this backdrop the article reports an interview study with game developers, asking what it means to author stories for a composite form. The main results show that the developers do not see storytelling as the defining trait of video games, but as a component in a whole product. The developers display a specific gaze for how players shift their attention between frames. An important skill for the developers is to try to control these shifts in order to enforce the emotions they want the player to have. This specific skill is labelled framework orchestration. Stories are here but one of the tools the developers have at their disposal.
Paleobiolinguistics of New World Crops and the Otomanguean Language Family
Authors: Brown Cecil H.
Published: September 2015

Several studies recently published in Ethnobiology Letters treat respectively the paleobiolinguistics of chili pepper, manioc, maize, and the common bean in New World language families. This includes the Otomanguean family of Mexico, one of the oldest language groups of the hemisphere, whose parent language may have been spoken at the latest around 6500 years ago. This communication addresses the possibility that Otomanguean paleobiolinguistics should be considered tentative since languages of the grouping are not yet conclusively demonstrated to be descended from a common ancestor. This challenges the proposal that words for chili pepper, manioc, and maize were in vocabularies of languages spoken two thousand or more years before development of a village-farming way of life in the New World.