bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A quantitative priority-based approach using a multi-criteria decision-making model for sustainable coastal city development
Authors: Dilman Gokkaya Merve , Demir Sara , Aksoy Onur , Ersoz Nazli Deniz
Published: May 2024

Throughout history, water availability has been an essential factor in shaping the development, culture, transportation, economic activities, and access to food in cities. The socioeconomic and cultural development of a city or country with a coast depends on the active use of the coast and the impact of the coast on urban life. In this context, for the development of coastal cities, it is necessary to determine coastal city criteria and specify their strategies in line with these criteria in order to increase coastal qualities. This research determined Bursa, located northwest of Turkey, as the study area. However, factors such as the absence of a coastal plan for the city and the inability of the coast to integrate into urban life have weakened the coastal city’s qualities of it. For this reason, this study aims to define Bursa’s coastal city criteria and determine strategies to increase the coastal city quality. The coastal city criteria developed depending on the examples of coastal cities in the world were evaluated by surveying local people and experts. The results of these surveys were digitized according to their priorities using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), one of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The results of this study determined the highest priority criteria among the three main and nine sub-coastal city criteria in evaluating the coastal city in Bursa. This study proposes a numerical method that develops effective and sustainable coastal design and planning strategies for Turkey and underdeveloped countries.
An Assessment of Learning Management System Use in Higher Education: Perspectives from a Comprehensive Sample of Teachers and Students
Authors: Simon Patricia D. , Jiang Juming , Fryer Luke K. , King Ronnel B. , Frondozo Cherry E.
Published: May 2024

Learning Management Systems (LMSs) are underutilized in universities despite them being standard components of higher education. Given this, there is a need to gather the perspectives of students and teachers to examine how these key end-users engage with LMS and utilize its various features and functions. Such an endeavor could aid in addressing the barriers and in promoting the use of LMSs in online teaching and learning. As studies about LMS use with both teacher and student samples are limited, we simultaneously gathered both students’ and teachers’ perceptions of Moodle from all academic faculties at a public university in Hong Kong. Structured qualitative interviews were conducted with eighty-two participants (41 teachers, 41 students) via Zoom. Results suggest that Moodle, while previously viewed as merely a repository of course materials, transitioned from being a supplementary tool to a key information dissemination tool during the pandemic. Despite the availability of collaboration tools, majority of interactions still occur in alternative communication channels. Findings point to students’ and teachers’ need for familiarity, training, and a visually and functionally improved interface to enhance their experience in the LMS. We also found how content and pedagogy influenced how LMS was integrated into teaching, with frequency and manner of LMS use varying between faculties and departments. Given this, tailor-made information and support for each department are needed to maximize LMS use in classes. We suggest the conduct of dialogues involving multiple stakeholders (i.e., teachers, students, administrators, and technical support staff) so that higher education institutions can share best practices on how to improve LMS utilization to enhance the quality of teaching and learning in universities.
Characterization of Transition Edge Sensors for Decay Energy Spectrometry
Authors: Carlson Max , Fitzgerald Ryan , Schmidt Dan , O’Neil Galen
Published: May 2024

By using a superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) to measure the thermal energy of individual decay events with high energy resolution, decay energy spectrometry provides a unique fingerprint to identify each radionuclide in a sample. The proposed measurement requires optimizing the thermal parameters of the detector for use with 5 MeV scale energy deposited by alpha decay of the sample radionuclides. The thermal performance of deep-etched silicon TES chips is examined with the use of an onboard resistive heater. With known heater power and bath temperature, the thermal conductance, heat capacity, and frame temperature are calculated and compared to theory.
Andreev Conductance in Disordered SF Junctions with Spin-Orbit Scattering
Authors: Ismagambetov M. E. , Ostrovsky P. M. , Feigel’man M. V.
Published: May 2024

We calculate the conductance of a junction between a disordered superconductor and a very strong half-metallic ferromagnet admitting electrons with only one spin projection. A usual mechanism of Andreev reflection is strongly suppressed in this case since Cooper pairs are composed of electrons with opposite spins. However, this obstacle can be overcome if we take into account spin-orbit scattering inside the superconductor. Spin-orbit scattering induces a fluctuational (zero on average) spin-triplet component of the superconducting condensate, which is enough to establish Andreev transport into a strong ferromagnet. This remarkably simple mechanism is quite versatile and can explain long-range triplet proximity effect in a number of experimental setups. One particular application of the suggested effect is to measure the spin-orbit scattering time $$\tau _{\text {SO}}$$

τ
SO

in disordered superconducting materials. The value of Andreev conductance strongly depends on the parameter $$\Delta \tau _\text {SO}$$

Δ

τ
SO

and can be noticeable even in very disordered but relatively light metals like granular aluminum.
Prognostic Factors and Models for Predicting Work Absence in Adults with Musculoskeletal Conditions Consulting a Healthcare Practitioner: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wynne-Jones Gwenllian , Wainwright Elaine , Goodson Nicola , Jordan Joanne L. , Legha Amardeep , Parchment Millie , Wilkie Ross , Peat George
Published: May 2024

Purpose

It is difficult to predict which employees, in particular those with musculoskeletal pain, will return to work quickly without additional vocational advice and support, which employees will require this support and what levels of support are most appropriate. Consequently, there is no way of ensuring the right individuals are directed towards the right services to support their occupational health needs. The aim of this review will be to identify prognostic factors for duration of work absence in those already absent and examine the utility of prognostic models for work absence.

Methods

Eight databases were search using a combination of subject headings and key words focusing on work absence, musculoskeletal pain and prognosis. Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of studies, extracted data from all eligible studies and assessed risk of bias using the QUIPS or PROBAST tools, an adapted GRADE was used to assess the strength of the evidence.

To make sense of the data prognostic variables were grouped according to categories from the Disability Prevention Framework and the SWiM framework was utilised to synthesise findings.

Results

A total of 23 studies were included in the review, including 13 prognostic models and a total of 110 individual prognostic factors. Overall, the evidence for all prognostic factors was weak, although there was some evidence that older age and better recovery expectations were protective of future absence and that previous absence was likely to predict future absences. There was weak evidence for any of the prognostic models in determining future sickness absence.

Conclusion

Analysis was difficult due to the wide range of measures of both prognostic factors and outcome and the differing timescales for follow-up. Future research should ensure that consistent measures are employed and where possible these should be in-line with those suggested by Ravinskaya et al. (2023).
Efficient sequestration of plutonium from aqueous medium using nitrogen doped graphene nano walls
Authors: Chaitanya V. Sri Datta , Manojkumar P. A. , Tripurasundari S. , Mangamma G. , Kutty V. K. Madhavan , Rao G. Srinivasa , Kaushik C. P.
Published: May 2024

Nitrogen doped graphene nanowall(s) deposited on carbon paper is employed in sequestration of trace-level plutonium from aqueous solution using batch adsorption technique. Surface and structural characteristics of the sorbent are studied using SEM and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Radiometric α-counting of the supernatant solution showed > 90% sorption at pH > 7. Visual Minteq modelling revealed that Pu(OH)4 species is responsible for high sorption. Freundlich model evolved as the best fit, implying multilayer deposition on a heterogeneous surface as the mechanism of sorption. The combination of 10 M HNO3 and EDTA resulted in 75% desorption. The results are promising for the sequestration of trace-level plutonium.
Biocompatible nanoparticles for metals removal from fresh water with potential for rare earth extraction applications
Authors: Andriolo Jessica M. , Vorhies Xavier , Suttey Luke , Joseph Madison , Leitzke Teagan , Wallace Grant C. , Hutchins David , LaDouceur Richard , Downey Jerome , Skinner Jack L. , Hailer M. Katie
Published: May 2024

Freshwater contamination by metals can come from a variety of sources and be damaging to wildlife, alter landscapes, and impact human health. Metals removal is desirable not only for improving water quality and preventing adverse effects but also for metals collection and recycling. Nanoadsorption of metals is economically feasible and nanoscale materials exhibit a high surface-area-to-volume ratio that is promising for high adsorption and reactivity. However, the extraordinarily small dimensions of these materials allow them to maneuver biological systems, and combined with high reactivity, this translocation can result in toxicity. In this work, nanoparticles (NPs) composed of a magnetite core coated in hydroxyapatite (HA) and functionalized for adsorption with titanium dioxide (TiHAMNPs) were synthesized. The magnetic core enabled NP retrieval, while HA enhanced adsorption and minimized toxicity. Here, synthesis and characterization are presented, revealing a stable NP structure exhibiting a near neutral surface charge. Results of adsorption studies showed that as compared to silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles (SiMNPs), traditionally used for this application, TiHAMNPs exhibited significantly higher adsorption (43.28% more Cu removal) after 24 h. The equilibrium rate constant for the adsorption of Cu by TiHAMNPs was 0.0003 g/(min*mg) and TiHAMNP adsorption data indicated that TiHAMNPs adsorb metals in a monolayer at the particle surface with a maximum capacity of 2.8 mmol/g. Metabolic and toxicity assays showed TiHAMNPs were highly biocompatible as compared to SiMNPs. This work also explores rare earth element (REE) separation applications of TiHAMNPs, finding that TiHAMNPs may provide a promising alternative for REE retrieval and/or separation.
Long term follow-up of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated by intraoperative photodynamic therapy: an update from the INDYGO trial (NCT03048240)
Authors: Peciu-Florianu Iulia , Vannod-Michel Quentin , Vauleon Enora , Bonneterre Marie-Edith , Reyns Nicolas
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Glioblastoma remains incurable despite optimal multimodal management. The interim analysis of open label, single arm INDYGO pilot trial showed actuarial 12-months progression-free survival (PFS) of 60% (median 17.1 months), actuarial 12-months overall survival (OS) of 80% (median 23.1 months). We report updated, exploratory analyses of OS, PFS, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients receiving intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA HCl).

Methods

Ten patients were included (May 2017 – April 2021) for standardized therapeutic approach including 5-ALA HCl fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS), followed by intraoperative PDT with a single 200 J/cm2 dose of light. Postoperatively, patients received adjuvant therapy (Stupp protocol) then followed every 3 months (clinical and cerebral MRI) and until disease progression and/or death. Procedure safety and toxicity occurring during the first four weeks after PDT were assessed. Data concerning relapse, HRQOL and survival were prospectively collected and analyzed.

Results

At the cut-off date (i.e., November 1st 2023), median follow-up was 23 months (9,7–71,4). No unacceptable or unexpected toxicities and no treatment-related deaths occurred during the study. Kaplan–Meier estimated 23.4 months median OS, actuarial 12-month PFS rate 60%, actuarial 12-month, 24-month, and 5-year OS rates 80%, 50% and 40%, respectively. Four patients were still alive (1 patient free of recurrence).

Conclusion

At 5 years-follow-up, intraoperative PDT with surgical maximal excision as initial therapy and standard adjuvant treatment suggests an increase of time to recurrence and overall survival in a high proportion of patients. Quality of life was maintained without any severe side effects.

Trial registration NCT number

NCT03048240. EudraCT number: 2016–002706-39.
Temporalism and eternalism reconsidered: perceptual experience, memory, and knowledge
Authors: Nawar Tamer
Published: May 2024

Traditional debates between semantic temporalists and eternalists appeal to the efficacy of temporal operators and the intuitive (in)validity of instances of temporal reasoning. In this paper, I argue that such debates are inconclusive at best and that under-explored arguments concerning perceptual experience, memory, and knowledge offer more productive means of advancing debates between temporalists and eternalists and rendering salient several significant potential costs and benefits of these views.
Understanding the transition to viable but non-culturable state in Escherichia coli W3110: a comprehensive analysis of potential spectrochemical biomarkers
Authors: İzgördü Özge Kaygusuz , Gurbanov Rafig , Darcan Cihan
Published: May 2024

The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is considered a survival strategy employed by bacteria to endure stressful conditions, allowing them to stay alive. Bacteria in this state remain unnoticed in live cell counts as they cannot proliferate in standard culture media. VBNC cells pose a significant health risk because they retain their virulence and can revive when conditions normalize. Hence, it is crucial to develop fast, reliable, and cost-effective methods to detect bacteria in the VBNC state, particularly in the context of public health, food safety, and microbial control assessments. This research examined the biomolecular changes in Escherichia coli W3110 induced into the VBNC state in artificial seawater under three different stress conditions (temperature, metal, and antibiotic). Initially, confirmation of VBNC cells under various stresses was done using fluorescence microscopy and plate counts. Subsequently, lipid peroxidation was assessed through the TBARS assay, revealing a notable increase in peroxidation end-products in VBNC cells compared to controls. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemomometrics were employed to analyze biomolecular changes, uncovering significant spectral differences in RNA, protein, and nucleic acid concentrations in VBNC cells compared to controls. Notably, RNA levels increased, while protein and nucleic acid amounts decreased. ROC analyses identified the 995 cm− 1 RNA band as a consistent marker across all studied stress conditions, suggesting its potential as a robust biomarker for detecting cells induced into the VBNC state under various stressors.
Zooming in: The role of nonverbal behavior in sensing the quality of collaborative group engagement
Authors: Paneth Lisa , Jeitziner Loris T. , Rack Oliver , Opwis Klaus , Zahn Carmen
Published: May 2024

Successful computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) relies on collaborative group engagement, a complex construct characterized by multifaceted, dynamic, socio-emotional, and socio-cognitive processes. This paper provides a detailed analysis of collaborative group engagement, with a particular focus on nonverbal behaviors as indicators of high versus low group engagement. Using video observations and a multi-method approach, we examine in detail the relationships between different dimensions of group engagement (i.e., behavioral, social, cognitive, and conceptual-to-consequential engagement) and nonverbal behaviors. Using qualitative case analysis, we also provide a rich examination of selected cases to identify the role that nonverbal behaviors play in high-engagement sequences compared with low-engagement sequences. Our findings shed light on specific nonverbal behaviors, including nodding, laughing, and eye contact, as significant indicators of high versus low collaborative group engagement. Notably, more of these nonverbal behaviors are evident in high-engagement sequences, suggesting mutual reinforcement on each dimension of engagement—with the exception of behavioral engagement, where increased laughing or smiling is evident in low-engagement sequences, but still serves a productive group process. The paper concludes with a discussion and implications of the findings. By demonstrating the role of nonverbal behaviors as important indicators, this work contributes to the understanding of the complex, dynamic, and contextualized nature of collaborative group engagement in CSCL settings.
Neue Wege in der Prävention des berufsbedingten Hautkrebses: Konzeption einer Podcast-Episode für Beschäftigte in Außenberufen
Authors: Ludewig Michaela , Raden Sophie-Theres , Skudlik Christoph , Rocholl Marc
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund

Podcasts haben sich als auditives Medium in der Wissenschaftskommunikation etabliert. Dabei sind Relevanz und Nutzung medizinischer Podcasts in den letzten Jahren angestiegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Konzeption einer Podcast-Episode für Beschäftigte in Außenberufen zur Prävention von berufsbedingtem Hautkrebs im Sinne der Berufskrankheit (BK)-Nummer (Nr.) 5103.

Methodik

Ausgangspunkt für die Konzeption der Podcast-Episode war eine Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken PubMed, PSYNDEX und Cochrane Library mit dem Ziel, einen Überblick über die Forschungslandschaft zu gewinnen. Unter Berücksichtigung der Leitlinie evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsinformationen erfolgte die Konzeption einer Podcast-Episode, bei der ein Außenbeschäftigter zur Verzahnung von Theorie und Praxis eingebunden wurde. Im Rahmen der Erprobung erfolgte eine Fokusgruppendiskussionen zur Bewertung der Podcast-Episode durch 6 Adressat*innen.

Ergebnisse

Im Rahmen der Literaturrecherche konnten 3 Studien identifiziert werden. Diese geben einen Überblick über englischsprachige Podcasts im Bereich der Dermatologie, die verschiedene Formate aufweisen und sich an verschiedene Personengruppen (u. a. Patient*innen) richten. Zudem wurde eine 16-minütige Podcast-Episode konzipiert, aufgezeichnet und mit Adressat*innen erprobt: Diese bewerteten die Episode positiv, schätzen die ausgewählten Inhalte als sehr gut verständlich ein, zeigten jedoch auch weiteren, über dieses Angebot hinausgehenden Informationsbedarf auf.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Ergebnisse der Literaturrecherche verdeutlichen, dass Arbeiten zu deutschsprachigen Podcasts bislang fehlen. Unsere Untersuchung deutet auf Potenziale des Mediums im Anwendungsgebiet der Berufsdermatologie hin.
Zur Versorgungs- und Begutachtungssituation von delinquenten Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland
Authors: Barra Steffen , Häßler Frank , Wunsch Katja , Reis Olaf , Weirich Steffen , Allroggen Marc
Published: May 2024

Fragestellung

Delinquentes Verhalten ist ein häufiges Phänomen in der Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen und stellt in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie bzw. -psychotherapie keinen seltenen Vorstellungsgrund dar. Allerdings fehlen empirische Untersuchungen zur Versorgungssituation von delinquenten Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Mit der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde erstmals deutschlandweit versucht zu erfassen, wie häufig im Bereich der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie Behandler_innen mit delinquentem Verhalten ihrer Patient_innen konfrontiert sind, welche Versorgungskonzepte bestehen, und in welchem Umfang eine gutachterliche Tätigkeit erfolgt.

Methodik

Im Rahmen einer Online-Befragung äußerten sich insgesamt 217 Fachkräfte aus dem Bereich der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie dazu, wie häufig, in welchen Kontexten (Begutachtung, [teil-]stationäre und ambulante Versorgung) und mit welchen Methoden sie mit delinquenten Kindern und Jugendlichen arbeiten.

Ergebnisse

Aus den Angaben ließ sich ableiten, dass Kinder- und Jugendpsychiater_innen und -psychotherapeut_innen zwar regelmäßig mit delinquenten Minderjährigen zu tun haben, es aber gleichzeitig nur wenige spezialisierte Behandlungsangebote zu geben scheint. Außerdem bildete sich hinsichtlich der gutachterlichen Tätigkeiten eine große Heterogenität hinsichtlich Quantität und Methoden ab.

Schlussfolgerungen

Implikation für die Praxis im Sinne der Erweiterung und Spezifizierung entsprechender Angebote für delinquente Kinder und Jugendliche, aber auch in Bezug auf die Sicherstellung der Qualifizierung der für sie zuständigen Fachkräfte, werden diskutiert.
Connecting value creation for society with work engagement: the relevance of an organization’s public value as an extension of the job characteristics model
Authors: Meynhardt Timo , Hermann Carolin , Bardeli Jessica
Published: May 2024

Since the seminal work by Hackman and Oldham (1975) there has been a growing body of literature demonstrating how work characteristics can positively both organizations and their employees. While the very nature of the task or job at hand is well explored, insufficient attention has been given to the social and cultural context in which the work is done (Spreitzer & Cameron, 2012). Based on Meynhardt’s public value approach (2009, 2015), we investigate whether organizational public value acts as an additional work characteristic in the Job Characteristics Model (JCM), thus extending the model. Specifically, we theorize that organizational public value is an additional unique resource for employees and social context work characteristic in the JCM that is positively related to employees work engagement. Additionally, our study analyzes that the positive relationship between the work characteristics, including organizational public value, and work engagement is mediated by self-efficacy. Moreover, we analyze whether employees working in industries with a public focus integrated into their core business will experience higher levels of public value in their jobs than employees in other industries. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a representative online survey in different public and non-public organizations in Switzerland (N = 949). Overall, the results support our hypotheses and contribute to close the gap by taking social context factors into the JCM and to reveal processes between the macro-level (organizational public value, work characteristics) and micro-level (employees work experience). Further theoretical and practical implications as well as future research avenues are discussed in the paper.
A user-friendly software package for modelling gravimetric geoid by the classical Stokes-Helmert method
Authors: Abbak Ramazan Alpay , Goyal Ropesh , Ustun Aydin
Published: May 2024

With the progress in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology, accurate geoid modelling has started to play an essential role in geodetic applications such as establishing height datum as a continuous surface model and related vertical control for infrastructure projects. Thus, numerous geoid modelling methods have been offered since 1990’s, each of them has its own algorithm and approximation theories. Classical Stokes-Helmert is one of the most well-known methods all over the world by geodetic communities. However, a user-friendly software package of the method is not publicly accessible on the Internet. Therefore, a compact and user-friendly software package “CSHSOFT” is developed and presented for scholars in this field. A fractionated programming strategy has been treated to build individual components striving high accuracy and computational efficiency for geoid heights. Subsequently, the CSHSOFT is simply tested to construct a geoid model in the mountainous area in Auvergne test-bed where several geoid modelling techniques are implemented. Afterward, the new geoid model of the region is externally evaluated by GNSS-levelling data in terms of rigorous orthometric heights. The fitting statistics of 2.75 cm and 0.36 ppm in absolute and relative height differences fairly indicate that the CSHSOFT is a vigorous tool for gravimetric geoid modelling, and can be comfortably employed for geoscientific and technical studies.
Line arrangements with many triple points
Authors: Kühne Lukas , Szemberg Tomasz , Tutaj-Gasińska Halszka
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we construct an infinite series of line arrangements in characteristic two, each featuring only triple intersection points. This finding challenges the existing conjecture that suggests the existence of only a finite number of such arrangements, regardless of the characteristic. Leveraging the theory of matroids and employing computer algebra software, we rigorously examine the existence and non-existence across various characteristics of line arrangements with up to 19 lines maximizing the number of triple intersection points.
Towards efficient conflict mitigation in the converged 6G Open RAN control plane
Authors: Corici Marius , Modroiu Ramona , Eichhorn Fabian , Troudt Eric , Magedanz Thomas
Published: May 2024

With the centralization of the RAN control functionality, a very large number of near real-time network optimization use cases have emerged. Until now, each of them has been implemented and validated as isolated network management functions, named xApps in Open RAN terminology. To be able to progress towards realistic, commercially deployable functionality, comprehensive conflict mitigation is needed, because the complete isolation of these xApps would result in conflicting decisions and instability. In this article, we study how the majority of these use cases can be implemented harmoniously, to create an enhanced RAN control plane, underlining the functionality required from the central units of the RAN, the grouping, and the interaction of the network management decision. Analyzing the gap existing in the O-RAN architecture, we identify the functionality needed and propose a management framework. Furthermore, we present an implementation roadmap for the development of such functionality as part of the Fraunhofer FOKUS Open5GCore toolkit, as a reference for how such functionality can be prototyped, validated, and integrated with external algorithms easily, to benefit from the large body of academic research.
Interleukin-12 in multimodal tumor therapies for induction of anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Xu Yulian , Sun Xueli , Tong Yunguang
Published: May 2024

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can be used as an immunomodulator in cancer immunotherapy. And it has demonstrated enormous potential in inhibiting tumor growth and improving the tumor microenvironment (TME) by several preclinical models. However, some disappointing results have showed in the early clinical trials when IL-12 used as a single agent for systemic cancer therapy. Combination therapy is an effective way to significantly fulfill the great potential of IL-12 as an immunomodulator. Here, we discuss the effects of IL-12 combined with traditional methods (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery), targeted therapy or immunotherapy in the preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, we summarized the potential mechanism underlying the anti-tumor effect of IL-12 in the combination strategies. And we also discussed the delivery methods and tumor-targeted modification of IL-12 and outlines future prospects for IL-12 as an immunomodulator.
Development and validation of a nomogram integrating marital status for 5-year overall survival of chondrosarcoma: a population-based study
Authors: Xie Chengxin , Jiang Ruiyuan , Wang Chenglong , Lei Xinhuan , Lu Kaicheng , Luo Hua
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of marital status on overall survival (OS) and develop a nomogram for predicting 5-year OS in chondrosarcoma (CHS) patients.

Methods

We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify CHS patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2018. Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Prognostic factors were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses. An independent cohort was used for external validation of the nomogram. Performance evaluation of the nomogram was conducted using Harrell's concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

In the SEER cohort, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significant differences in OS among CHS patients with different marital statuses (P < 0.001), with widowed patients having the lowest OS. In terms of gender, there were significant survival differences based on marital status in females (P < 0.001), but not in males (P = 0.067). The OS of married and single females is significantly higher than that of married (P < 0.001) and single male (P = 0.006), respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves showed no significant difference in OS between groups stratified by either gender or marital status in the external cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that age at diagnosis, gender, marital status, tumor size, histological type, tumor grade, SEER stage, and surgery were independent prognostic factors for OS. The nomogram demonstrated high internal and external validation C-indexes of 0.818 and 0.88, respectively. Calibration plots, DCA curve, and Kaplan–Meier curve (P < 0.001) confirmed the excellent performance and clinical utility of the nomogram.

Conclusions

Marital status was an independent factor influencing OS in CHS patients, with widowed patients having the worst prognosis. The OS of both married and single females is significantly higher than that of their male counterparts. However, these findings require further validation in a large independent cohort. While the contribution of marital status on predicting OS appears modest, our nomogram accurately predicted 5-year OS and identified high-risk groups, providing a valuable tool for clinical decision-making.
Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: An Overlooked but High-Risk Syndrome
Authors: Mirzai Saeid , Carbone Salvatore , Batsis John A. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Shapiro Michael D.
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

Sarcopenic obesity (SO), defined as the coexistence of excess fat mass and reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, has emerged as an important cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in older adults. This review summarizes recent findings on the diagnosis, prevalence, health impacts, and treatment of SO.

Recent Findings

Growing evidence suggests SO exacerbates cardiometabolic risk and adverse health outcomes beyond either condition alone; however, the heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and the observational nature of most studies prohibit the evaluation of a causal relationship. This is concerning given that SO is increasing with the aging population, although that is also difficult to assess accurately given wide-ranging prevalence estimates. A recent consensus definition proposed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism and the European Association for the Study of Obesity provides a framework of standardized criteria to diagnose SO.

Adopting uniform diagnostic criteria for SO will enable more accurate characterization of prevalence and cardiometabolic risk moving forward. Although current management revolves around diet for weight loss coupled with resistance training to mitigate further muscle loss, emerging pharmacologic therapies have shown promising results. As the global population ages, diagnosing and managing SO will become imperative to alleviate the cardiovascular burden.
Coastal and maritime cultural heritage: from the European Union to East Asia and Latin America
Authors: Delaney Alyne E. , Frangoudes Katia
Published: May 2024

Introducing the Special Collection on Coastal and Maritime Cultural Heritage, this article focuses on the cultural heritage of coastal regions and maritime cultures and presents a summary of threats and topics found in recent cultural heritage research, especially around the themes of governance, resilience, transformation, and power (including gender and marginalization). Cultural heritage (CH) is a super-concept: it connects a wide diversity of heritage types (tangible and intangible), and cuts across a variety of public policies. Yet coastal and maritime cultural heritage (CMCH) faces risks from conflicts, environmental hazards, and from a neglect arising from lack of understanding and consideration of its value. Additional risks from governmental Blue Growth policies and economic factors put CH at even greater risk. As cultural heritage is increasingly being tapped for its economic importance in development and tourism– and neglected in maritime policy– greater scholarly understandings and conceptualization of CMCH are needed. This special collection is one step in the direction towards further understandings, protections, and utilization of CH for coastal societies and culture. As economic valuations increase, however, we should not forget that cultural heritage in and of itself holds intrinsic value. Looking across Europe and the world, coastal peoples’ cultural heritage tells us a story of generations of linkages and bonds with coastal environments. Such CH imparts a sense of place and belonging to people, and connects people to one another, their pasts, and their futures. We hope this Special Collection provides a sense of the beauty of CMCH and inspires further exploration and research around this super-concept.
Minorities’ Diminished Psychedelic Returns: Income and Educations Impact on Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians
Authors: Vina Sean Matthew
Published: May 2024

Growing evidence suggests that the race and ethnic minority population may experience fewer protective effects of psychedelics on mental health. The minority diminished psychedelic returns theory proposes that racism, manifested in socioeconomic inequality, could partially account for the smaller health gains observed. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether socioeconomic inequality reduces the impact of psychedelics on health outcomes for minority populations. Additionally, despite having higher socioeconomic status, it remains unclear whether psychedelic use among minorities is associated with the same level of health benefits as observed in non-Hispanic whites. This study utilizes data from the National Survey of Drug Use (N = 2008 to 2019), which involved 458,372 participants aged 18 and above. The objective is to examine the impact of various psychedelics (MDMA, psilocybin, DMT, ayahuasca, peyote/mescaline, and LSD), as well as lifetime classic psychedelics use (LCPU), on psychological distress in the past month, taking into account socioeconomic factors (education level and family income) and race/ethnic differences (White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian). The analysis employed a series of nested ordinary least-square regression models using Stata 18. The results indicate that, after controlling for socioeconomic status, there is no association between Black and Hispanic psychedelic use and distress. However, white psychedelic use remains associated with lower levels of distress. Additionally, despite having higher levels of education and income, psychedelic use among minority groups does not appear to be linked to reduced stress. In fact, for Asians with higher education and income, certain psychedelic use is associated with increased distress.
Solving puzzles using knowledge-based automation: biomimicry of human solvers
Authors: Fauzia Syifa , Chen Sean , Hsu Ren-Jung , Chen Rex , Chen Chi-Ming
Published: May 2024

The human brain’s remarkable efficiency in solving puzzles through pictorial information processing serves as a valuable inspiration for computational puzzle solving. In this study, we present a nucleation algorithm for automated puzzle solving, developed based on statistical analysis of an empirical database. This algorithm effectively solves puzzles by choosing pieces with infrequent and iridescent edges as nucleation centers, followed by the identification of neighboring pieces with high resemblances from the remaining puzzle pieces. For the 8 different pictures examined in this study, both empirical data and computer simulations consistently demonstrate a power-law relationship between solving time and the number of puzzle pieces, with an exponent less than 2. We explain this relationship through the nucleation model and explore how the exponent is influenced by the color pattern of the puzzle picture. Moreover, our investigation of puzzle-solving processes reveals distinct principal pathways, akin to protein folding behavior. Our study contributes to the development of a cognitive model for human puzzle solving and color pattern recognition.
Leakage Proof, Flame-Retardant, and Electromagnetic Shield Wood Morphology Genetic Composite Phase Change Materials for Solar Thermal Energy Harvesting
Authors: Chen Yuhui , Meng Yang , Zhang Jiangyu , Xie Yuhui , Guo Hua , He Mukun , Shi Xuetao , Mei Yi , Sheng Xinxin , Xie Delong
Published: May 2024

Phase change materials (PCMs) offer a promising solution to address the challenges posed by intermittency and fluctuations in solar thermal utilization. However, for organic solid–liquid PCMs, issues such as leakage, low thermal conductivity, lack of efficient solar-thermal media, and flammability have constrained their broad applications. Herein, we present an innovative class of versatile composite phase change materials (CPCMs) developed through a facile and environmentally friendly synthesis approach, leveraging the inherent anisotropy and unidirectional porosity of wood aerogel (nanowood) to support polyethylene glycol (PEG). The wood modification process involves the incorporation of phytic acid (PA) and MXene hybrid structure through an evaporation-induced assembly method, which could impart non-leaking PEG filling while concurrently facilitating thermal conduction, light absorption, and flame-retardant. Consequently, the as-prepared wood-based CPCMs showcase enhanced thermal conductivity (0.82 W m−1 K−1, about 4.6 times than PEG) as well as high latent heat of 135.5 kJ kg−1 (91.5% encapsulation) with thermal durability and stability throughout at least 200 heating and cooling cycles, featuring dramatic solar-thermal conversion efficiency up to 98.58%. In addition, with the synergistic effect of phytic acid and MXene, the flame-retardant performance of the CPCMs has been significantly enhanced, showing a self-extinguishing behavior. Moreover, the excellent electromagnetic shielding of 44.45 dB was endowed to the CPCMs, relieving contemporary health hazards associated with electromagnetic waves. Overall, we capitalize on the exquisite wood cell structure with unidirectional transport inherent in the development of multifunctional CPCMs, showcasing the operational principle through a proof-of-concept prototype system.
The role of low glycemic index and load diets in medical nutrition therapy for type 2 diabetes: an update
Authors: Gerontiti Eleni , Shalit Almog , Stefanaki Katerina , Kazakou Paraskevi , Karagiannakis Dimitrios S. , Peppa Melpomeni , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Paschou Stavroula A.
Published: May 2024

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular and macrovascular complications necessitate an optimal approach to prevention and management. Medical nutrition therapy serves as the cornerstone of diabetes care, reducing reliance on diabetic medications for glycemic control and mitigating cardiovascular risk. The broadening field of research in the effect of low glycemic index (GI) and/or glycemic load (GL) diets on individuals with T2DM has yielded promising results in the existing literature. Adopting low-GI and GL dietary patterns contributes to minimizing fluctuations in blood glucose levels, thus presenting a good strategy for achieving enhanced glycemic control. Furthermore, the above dietary practices may offer a viable alternative and practical approach to weight management in individuals with T2DM. However, clinical practice guidelines for diabetes dietary management show inconsistency regarding the certainty of evidence supporting the implementation of low-GI/GL nutritional patterns. This review aims to thoroughly evaluate the available data on the effectiveness of low-GI and low-GL diets in managing glycemic control and reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
A novel biochar-based 3D composite for ultrafast and selective Cr(VI) removal in electroplating wastewater
Authors: Yang Zongzheng , Wang Jinjin , Zhao Nan , Pang Runyi , Zhao Chuanfang , Deng Ying , Yang Di , Jiang Haochen , Wu Zhiguo , Qiu Rongliang
Published: May 2024

In this study, a newly developed composite of biochar-poly(m-phenylenediamine) (BC-PmPD) exhibiting a distinct skeletal structure was synthesized for the purpose of extracting Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. BC was employed as a supportive carrier onto which PmPD nanoparticles were uniformly affixed through in-situ polymerization and oxidation synthesis, both within and outside the layered configuration of BC. The structural stability and morphologies of BC-PmPD were assessed utilizing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, analysis of specific surface area and pore size, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction. In comparison to other modified BCs reported, BC-PmPD exhibited the highest Cr(VI) removal rate. Specifically, at 303 K, BC-PmPD achieved a maximum Cr(VI) removal capacity of 775 mg g−1, surpassing the capabilities of unmodified BC and PmPD by 10.4 and 2.13 times, respectively. Analyses involving XPS, FTIR, and density functional theory calculation confirmed that proton transfer happened between protonated amine (−NH2) functional group within the structure of BC-PmPD and HCrO4− before the formation of hydrogen bond. Subsequently, environmentally persistent free radicals facilitated the reduction of the adsorbed Cr(VI). Quantification of the functional groups indicated that the amino group was responsible for 93.0% of the Cr(VI) adsorption in BC-PmPD. BC-PmPD displayed potent adsorption and reduction capabilities, alongside notable stability, repeatability, and promising potential for application in the remediation for high concentrations of Cr(VI) in electroplating wastewater scenarios.

Graphical Abstract
Assessment of depositional environmental factors in quaternary sediments: a case study of Thamirabarani River basin, Srivaikundam region of southern India
Authors: Abishek S. Richard , Christinal J. , Ravindran A. Antony , Priya R. Sakthi
Published: May 2024

This study uses a thorough grain size analysis approach to the depositional environment in the Thamirabarani River basin, specifically in the Srivaikundam district of Tamil Nadu, India. There is a significant lack of research on the depositional settings and sediment features unique to the Thamirabarani River basin, even though there have been numerous sediments studies conducted in other river basins. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to investigate the depositional habitats and sediment characteristics of this area. The majority of the 18 sediment samples were determined to be medium- to fine-grained and poorly sort-able after extensive analysis using granulometric research and sieve methods. The low-energy formation process took place in a largely fine-grained or very fine-grained sandy soil, as indicated by the sediments platykurtic and mesokurtic morphologies. The depositional habitats within the region can be better understood by classifying the soil based on ternary plots of clay, silt, and sand, such as particle distribution curve. Furthermore, comparison with a unified soil classification chart aids in further categorizing the soil types. Soils can be classified and the depositional settings of different landscapes, such as rivers, estuaries, beaches, and aeolian terrains, can be better understood with the use of this comprehensive grain size study. Another interesting aspect of the Thamirabarani River basin sediment movement and deposition is the slow breakdown of rocks, especially feldspar and quartz, as they move through rivers and streams.
Creative Mathematics
Authors: Beardon Alan F.
Published: May 2024

How do mathematicians approach a problem, explore the possibilities, and develop an understanding of a whole area around it? The issue is not simply about obtaining 'the answer'; rather, Beardon explains that a mathematical problem is just one of many related ones that should be simultaneously investigated and discussed at various levels, and that understanding this is a crucial step in becoming a creative mathematician. The book begins with some good advice about procedure, presentation, and organisation that will benefit every mathematician, budding, teaching or practised. In the rest of the book, Beardon presents a series of simple problems, then, through discussion, consideration of special cases, computer experiments, and so on, the reader is taken through these same problems, but at an increasing level of sophistication and generality. Mathematics is rarely a closed book, and seemingly innocent problems, when examined and explored, can lead to results of significance.
The ENACT network is acting on housing instability and the unhoused using the open health natural language processing toolkit
Authors: Harris Daniel R. , Fu Sunyang , Wen Andrew , Corbeau Alexandria , Henderson Darren , Hilsman Jordan , Oniani David , Wang Yanshan
Published: May 2024

Housing is an environmental social determinant of health that is linked to mortality and clinical outcomes. We developed a lexicon of housing-related concepts and rule-based natural language processing methods for identifying these housing-related concepts within clinical text. We piloted our methods on several test cohorts: a synthetic cohort generated by ChatGPT for initial infrastructure testing, a cohort with substance use disorders (SUD), and a cohort diagnosed with problems related to housing and economic circumstances (HEC). Our methods successfully identified housing concepts in our ChatGPT notes (recall = 1.0, precision = 1.0), our SUD population (recall = 0.9798, precision = 0.9898), and our HEC population (recall = N/A, precision = 0.9160).