bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extension of Antenna Matching Frequency Band Using Reactive Elements
Authors: Verba B. P. , Shishakov K. V.
Published: November 2020

Системно рассмотрены традиционные подходы к расширению частотных полос согласования антенн с помощью реактивных цепей. Обсуждены критерии эффективности и особенности синтеза согласующих контуров. Проанализирована оценка предельного расширения частотной полосы пассивного согласования антенн контурами на реактивных элементах. Независимо от сложности и количества согласующих контуров получаемая полоса пассивного согласования ограничивается некоторой областью, размер которой обратно пропорционален добротности согласуемой антенны. Показано, что несколько расширить ее для высокодобротных антенн можно с помощью введения резистивных элементов в дополнительные одноконтурные согласующие модули.Рассмотрен синтез активно настраиваемых тюнеров на реактивных элементах для согласования широкополосных радиотерминалов, и выполнен анализ процессов автоматического регулирования в нем. Показано, что их структурная сложность и эффективность работы тоже зависят от добротности антенн.Приведена методика синтеза согласующей цепи для пассивного узкополосного согласования на нескольких частотах для многодиапазонных антенн. Сначала выбирается основная структура согласующей цепи, и для требуемых частот находятся ее реактивные сопротивления и реактивные проводимости. Далее наборы этих реактивных сопротивлений и проводимостей реализуются через синтез реактивных структур в виде первой и второй форм Фостера.Выполнено моделирование влияния выбора структуры согласующего устройства на расширение частотной полосы согласования высокодобротных антенн. При синтезе многоконтурных согласующих структур методом пробного моделирования небольшие преимущества получены у структур с параллельным соединением последовательных контуров.
Do Chinese M&A activities create shareholder value in the short run? Evidence from Chinese-German cross-border takeovers
Authors: Wang Jing , Charifzadeh Michel , Herberger Tim Alexander
Published: November 2020

Our paper investigates the response of acquiring firms’ stock returns around the announcement date in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) between listed Chinese acquirers and German targets. We apply an event study methodology to examine the shareholder value effect based on a sample of M&A deals over the most recent period of 2012-2018. We apply a market model event study based on the argumentation of Brown and Warner (1985) and use short-term observation periods according to Andrade, Mitchell, and Stafford (2001) as well as Hackbarth and Morellec (2008). The results indicate that the announcement of M&A involving German targets results in a positive cumulative abnormal return of on average 2.18% for Chinese acquirers’ shareholders in a five-day symmetric event window. Furthermore, we found slight indications of possible information leakage prior to the formal announcement. Although it shows that the size of acquiring firms is not necessarily correlated with the positive abnormal returns in the short run, this study suggests that Chinese acquirers’ shareholders gain higher abnormal returns when the German targets are non-listed companies.
Expression of a fibronectin in the dental pulp of lead intoxicated rats with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kuzmanovic-Radman Irena , Djeri Aleksandra , Gajanin Radoslav , Arbutina Adriana , Josipovic Renata , Zivkovic Slavoljub
Published: November 2020

Introduction/Objective. Lead exposure represents one of the most important factors that affect the general health, including oral health and it is associated with enamel and dentin tooth defects. The aim of this paper was to determine expression of the fibronectin in the pulp of rats with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus (DM), after lead exposure, by using immunohistochemical analysis. Methods. The study was conducted on 42 rats of Wistar strain. Intoxication of rats with lead-acetate was done via drinking water ad libitum. The first group (Exp_14) consisted of 16 rats, which received lead in water for 14 days, the second group (Exp_30) consisted of 16 rats which received lead in water for 30 days at the same concentration (1500 ppm), while the control consisted of 10 healthy rats. Groups Exp_14 and Exp_30 were induced into DM, by using the Alloxan intraperitoneally. Pathohistological and immunohistochemical analysis determined fibronectin expression in pulp, odontoblasts, predentin and dentine of the teeth. Results. High diffuse positivity of fibronectin in group Exp_14 was noticed in 63.6% of rats, in group Exp_30 in 24% of rats, while in the control group it was noticed in 50% of rats. There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of fibronectin between the examined groups. Conclusion. Lead intoxication through drinking water, for a period of 14 and 30 days, had effect on the expression of fibronectin in the pulp, odontoblasts, predentin and dentin of the teeth of animals experimentally induced DM.
ПАРАМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ МЕТАКОНЦЕПТА "ДЕТСТВО" (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ВОЛОГОДСКИХ ГОВОРОВ)
Authors: ILYINA ELENA N. , ZAGUMENNOV ALEXANDER V. , KOMISSAROVA TATYANA G.
Published: November 2020

The article characterizes “Childhood” as an independent and voluminous component in the regional picture of the world. The authors developed and presented a parametric model of the “Childhood” metaconcept. With its help, the stability of slots in the frame organization of separately presented situations is justified (the occurrence of being, initiation, physiological, game, educational and labor activity, death); this allows interpreting “Childhood” not as a single concept, but as a metaconcept with a branched structure.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION ORGANISATION THROUGOUT EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES FOR YOUNGER ADOLESCENTS
Authors: VOROBEVA OLGA S.
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of a study related to the characteristics of the younger adolescents’ patriotic education throughout extracurricular activities. On the basis of system-activity approach and the concept of existential pedagogy, the author provides a definition of patriotic education as a purposeful interaction of the subjects in the pedagogical process, which results in learning about the system of phenomena in the world around us and the formation of personality, revealing moral feelings and transforming reality for the development of society and country. The concept of "patriotic education objectification" is defined as the relationship of joint activities for organizing educational events and students’ personality transformation as subjects forming the value of identity. The study reveals that the formation of certain levels of patriotism in younger teenagers is affected by the following objective conditions: school integration, family and social traditions, emphasis on external and internal elements and subject interaction in the implementation of extracurricular activities as pedagogical events.
A MATHEMATICAL STUDY ON THE VELOCITY SLIP OF PHASES DURING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN A SHOCK WAVE OF LIMITING LOW INTENSITY AND AN ELECTRICALLY CHARGED GAS SUSPENSION
Authors: TUKMAKOV DMITRII A.
Published: November 2020

The paper presents a mathematical model of an electrically charged suspension of particles, as well as numerical calculations related to the dynamics of the dispersed component of a mixture moving both under the influence of aerodynamic forces and under the influence of the Coulomb force. The author used a mathematical model of a nonequilibrium multiphase medium motion to describe the aerodynamics of suspensions. The mathematical model took into account the force interaction of the carrier and dispersed phases and interphase heat transfer, as well as the internal electric field generated by electrically charged solid particles. Using the software implementation of the mathematical model, a numerical study of the velocity slip of phases was carried out.
Att göra högre studier tillgängliga – ett lärarperspektiv
Authors: Melander Stina
Published: November 2020

Från politiskt håll finns idag en tydlig politisk intention att studenter med funktionshinder ska inkluderas i högskolornas och universitetens utbildningar. Denna artikel tar upp vad som hindrar respektive möjliggör att dessa politiska intentioner om tillgänglighet och mångfald implementeras i undervisningen. Analysen baseras på en fallstudie av en samhällsvetenskaplig institution vid ett svenskt lärosäte och frågeställningarna handlar om lärarna vill, förstår och kan implementera dessa intentioner. I studien framgår att även om det finns en tydlig vilja hos lärarna och den administrativa stödpersonalen att dessa studenter ska kunna delta i och tillgodogöra sig utbildningen, råder det ingen samsyn kring varför det är viktigt med en mångfald i studentpopulationen. Det pedagogiska stöd som finns tillgängligt för enskilda studenter anses vara värdefullt men inte särskilt flexibelt. Den mer generella anpassning lärarna gör av undervisningen beskrivs som viktig men tidskrävande. Förståelsen för studenters behov grundas mer på personliga erfarenheter hos lärarna än på en pedagogisk diskussion mellan kolleger på arbetsplatsen. Att göra anpassningar och delta i en pedagogisk diskussion tar tid och kräver prioriteringar. Här får undervisningen ofta stå tillbaka till förmån för den forskningsrelaterade verksamheten.
Libya: Krigens uutholdelige letthet
Authors: Tellesbø Ola
Published: November 2020

Anmeldelse av antologien Tormod Heier, Rune Ottosen & Terje Tvedt (red.) Libya: Krigens uutholdelige letthet 2019, Oslo, Cappelen Damm Akademisk. Antologien oppfyller langt på vei den evalueringen det regjeringsoppnevnte Libya-utvalget av Norges krigs mot Libya skulle ha gjort. Foruten en kritikk av krigen kritiserer bidragsyterne også Libya-utvalget og dens tilsløring. To aspekter er imidlertid fortsatt oversett og framheves i anmeldelsen. Det er den politiske ledelsens mulige medvirkning til to, så langt ikke-omtalte, krigsforbrytelser.
La catedral de Granada: arquitectura y simbolismo. En torno al significado del templo siloesco
Authors: Sainz Gutiérrez Victoriano
Published: November 2020

Por lo general, las interpretaciones sobre los significados que encierra la capilla mayor de la catedral de Granada han girado en torno a su carácter funerario. Atendiendo a la condición jerónima de Pedro Ramiro de Alba, el arzobispo granadino que encargó el proyecto a Diego Siloe, este artículo propone una lectura de la misma en clave de eclesiología eucarística que permite articular esos significados en una visión integradora, de la que participan tanto la arquitectura como los elementos litúrgicos y decorativos, singularmente las vidrieras. En este contexto, los escritos de Hernando de Talavera, monje jerónimo y primer arzobispo de Granada, se revelan como una fuente importante y poco atendida por cuantos hasta la fecha se han ocupado de estudiar la catedral.
Las casas cuartel de la Guardia Civil y de Carabineros: estudios y proyectos inéditos de González Edo en la costa malagueña
Authors: Pinzón-Ayala Daniel
Published: November 2020

Las casas cuartel de la Guardia Civil y de Carabineros se encontraban, durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, sin una definida formalización tipológica. Esto permitía una gran variedad de soluciones a ingenieros y arquitectos, aunque preponderando su carácter militar o recurriendo a un lenguaje de corte historicista. En este periodo, José Joaquín González Edo tuvo la oportunidad de enfrentarse a este tipo de proyectos en la costa malagueña. Esto se traducirá en toda una serie de estudios y propuestas, inéditos en gran medida, en los que reflejará su visión arquitectónica contemporánea, junto con la búsqueda de una solución óptima al programa laboral-residencial de estos acuartelamientos. Se aporta así un análisis histórico y comparativo de uno de sus periodos productivos más interesantes y desconocidos, culminando en la antigua casa cuartel de la Guardia Civil en Mijas, único proyecto de nueva planta que llevó a cabo.
El motivo del bodegón policial
Authors: Balló Fantova Jordi , Salvadó Romero Alan , Cairol Carabí Eduard
Published: November 2020

Este artículo analiza una forma de transmisión iconográfica que se origina en una fuente artística del pasado, el bodegón manierista y barroco, que es readaptado y reformulado por las fuerzas de seguridad para transmitir un mensaje comunicativo de gran impacto: los objetos decomisados en una redada policial son presentados con una forma artística, que llamamos «bodegón policial», que incita inmediatamente al sentido de culpabilidad. Esta práctica sistemática de los diversos cuerpos policiales españoles nos presenta un método de utilización de un motivo como forma comunicativa de un poder de Estado. Asimismo sintetiza algunos de los resultados del proyecto de investigación MOVEP (Los motivos visuales en la esfera pública. Producción y circulación de imágenes del poder en España, 2011-2017), CSO2017-88876-P, que tiene como objetivo analizar la recurrencia, producción y circulación de motivos específicos relacionados con la representación del poder en imágenes aparecidas en la prensa, medios digitales, cine y televisión.
Application of selective polymeric sorbents for simple coumarins extraction from deodorant samples
Authors: Hroboňová Katarína , Špačková Andrea
Published: November 2020

Coumarins (2H-1-benzopyran-2-coumarin derivatives) are derivatives of cinnamic acid naturally occurring in many plants, fungi, and fruits. They are used as ingredients in cosmetics to enhance the aroma and other biological effects. In this work, cosmetic samples (deodorants) were treated by solid phase extraction prior to high performance liquid chromatography determination of coumarins. Traditional sorbent (C18) and selective polymer-based sorbents (laboratory prepared and commercial) were used for solid phase extraction. Recovery values were above 85 % (RSDs below 6 %) except for esculin, where the recovery was lower. Core-shell column of C18 type and gradient of mobile phase methanol—1 % acetic acid were used for high performance liquid chromatography analysis of extracts. Limits of quantitation were 0.5 µg mL−1 for coumarin (ultraviolet detection) and below 12 ng mL−1 for esculin, umbelliferonene, scoparone, 4-methylumbelliferone, herniarin (fluorescence detection). In the tested samples, no coumarins were detected.
Dechloromethylation of the berberine to berberrubine — tricks to obtain pure product
Authors: Milata Viktor , Holúbková Eva
Published: November 2020

Berberine (1), as a compound with interesting biological activities, can be modified at various positions to obtain more potent substances. Modifications at position 9 are based on demethylation with simultaneous dechloration resulting in berberrubine. The most frequent process is thermal dechloromethylation and this work describes this method with detailed tricks to obtain almost pure product in high yield.
First Case of Cancrum Oris (Noma) in an HIV-Positive Patient in Bulgaria
Authors: Grozdeva R. , Strashimirov D. , Timchev A. , Tchervenyakova T. , Yancheva N.
Published: November 2020

We present a case of a necrotising disease of the orofacial tissues, the so-called noma, in a female patient with AIDS in a stage of severe immune deficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first time a case like that has been reported in Bulgaria. The patient received an antibiotic course of treatment with a triple combination to good effect on the inflammatory process, and began also HAART. Within 3 weeks, the patient’s general condition improved. However, despite the treatment, a demarcation line was formed, and a defect on the lower lip occurred. Noma is a manifestation of severe immune deficiency with lasting adverse consequences for the patient: severe deformation of the maxilo-facial region and functional impairment (i.e. difficulties eating and speaking, and salivary leak).
COVID-19 Associated Coagulopathy and Implications for its Treatment
Authors: Cherneva Zh. , Cherneva R.
Published: November 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is due to lack of prior immunity and there is no certain management, regarding the complications of this viral illness. The target organ for COVID-19 infection are the lungs. Patients may develop acute lung injury that can be complicated by acute respiratory failure, as well as multiorgan failure. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection is characterized with inflammatory changes, associated with coagulopathy. Recent data suggests diffuse bilateral pulmonary inflammation observed in COVID-19 infection that is related to a novel pulmonary-specific vasculopathy, defined as pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy (PIC), distinct from disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). The coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 is distinguished by initial elevation of D-dimer and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products. Abnormalities in prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and platelet counts are not common in the early stages of the infection. This suggests the early screening measurement of D-dimer and fibrinogen. The implications for COVID-19-associated-coagulopathy is the established thromboembolic prophylaxis and standard management for sepsis-induced coagulopathy or DIC. High levels of D-dimer are a marker of higher mortality risk. However, current studies do not show the common use of full therapeutical doses of anticoagulants, unless there are other clinical indications. Bleeding in COVID-19 infection is uncommon, even when a laboratory constellation for DIC is present. However, if it occurs, standard guidelines for DIC management should be followed.
Comparative effect of genotype and season on the haematological profile of two laying chicken strains in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Irivboje Young Imienwain , Fafiolu Adeboye Olusesan , Sanni Muyideen Timothy , Irivboje Oluwabusayo Adewunmi , Ikeobi Christian Obiora Ndubuisi
Published: November 2020

Haematological studies help in understanding the relationship of blood characteristics to the environment. One of the major environmental factors influencing haematological indicators is season. This study was aimed at the variation in haematological profiles of two strains of laying birds at different seasons. We therefore evaluated the effects of genotype and season on the haematological profile in two strains of laying birds – Dominant brown (D-192) and Hyline brown in the tropics. A total of 50 birds per strain at 30 weeks of age were randomly selected for this study. Packed cell volume (PCV) and platelets were obtained using microhaematocrit whereas red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) were counted using a haemocytometer. The result obtained showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the haematological profile of the birds in the two seasons compared (rainy and dry seasons). The haematological indices obtained during the rainy season had significantly higher mean values in packed cell volume (29.65 ± 0.32%), red blood cells (2.65 ± 0.03 × 1012/L), haemoglobin (100.1 ± 0.11 g/L) and eosinophil (2.5 ± 0.16%) while those obtained during the dry season had a higher significant effect on the white blood cells (19.16 ± 0.36 × 109/L). The results further revealed that between the strains, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in most of the indicators analysed but Hyline brown had significantly higher values (P < 0.05) of eosinophils and platelets. We concluded that the observed differences could be a result of genetic differences between the two strains of birds which gives room for selection and that the rainy season is more favourable for laying birds production under tropical condition.
Optimization of process factors using the Taguchi method of DOE towards the hydrodeoxygenation of acetic acid
Authors: Mashi Ahmed Lawal , Rahama Muhammad Sulaiman
Published: November 2020

This paper reports the optimization of process factors using the Taguchi method towards the conversion of acetic acid and ethanol yield during the hydrogenation of acetic acid over 4% Pt/TiO2. The acidity of 4% Pt/TiO2 was characterized using NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption analysis (NH3-TPD). Afterwards, the effect of temperature on the hydrogenation of acetic acid as an individual feed was investigated. The reaction space explored in the following ranges: temperature 80-200 °C, pressure 10-40 bar, time 1-4 h, catalyst 0.1-0.4 g and stirring speed 400-1000 min−1 using 4% Pt/TiO2, was investigated for the optimization study, while the effect of temperature was studied in a temperature range of 145 to 200 °C. NH3-TPD analysis reveals that moderate acidity was suitable for the hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol. It was also found that 200 °C, 40 bar, 4 h, 0.4 g and 1000 min−1 for acetic acid conversion, and 160 °C, 40 bar, 4 h, 0.4 g and 1000 min−1 were the optimum conditions for ethanol production. In addition, the selectivity of ethanol was favored at lower temperatures which decreases with increasing temperature.
Chemical speciation and mobility of heavy metals in soils of refuse dumpsites in some urban towns in the Niger Delta of Nigeria
Authors: Tesi Godswill O. , Ojegu Joshua O. , Akporido Samuel O.
Published: November 2020

Refuse dumpsites often contain materials which are capable of polluting surrounding soils especially if the dumpsites are not adequately shielded from the surrounding area. This study examined chemical speciation and mobility of heavy metals in three urban towns in the Niger Delta. Soil samples were collected from three dumpsites in each of the three selected urban towns at 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm depths. The chemical speciation of the heavy metals in the soils was determined using the Tessier’s sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that on the average, the residual fraction was the predominant fraction of all the metals except Pb which was dominant in the organic fraction. The mobility factor followed the order Zn > Fe > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd > Cu. The study indicates that the metals studied do not pose environmental risk considering their relatively low concentrations and the chemical forms they are associated with. It is however recommended that the sites be continuously monitored because of the deleterious health effects of exposure to heavy metal pollution in the events of reclaim.
Study on milk composition and milk protein distribution in Romanian Holstein cattle
Authors: Pelmuş Rodica Ştefania , Lazăr Cristina , Palade M. L. , Stancu Mariana , Rotar C. M. , Gras M.A.
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to determine milk quality indices as well as the milk protein composition in Romanian Holstein cattle raised under the conditions of experimental farm of INCDBNA-IBNA. The study was carried out on 22 milk samples. The types of different milk proteins were identified by SDS-PAGE technique. Sampling day and milk chemical composition were performed during the milking period of studied cattle. The quality indices were breed-specific for protein (3.38%) and higher for fat (4.39%).

Milk proteins analysis of Romanian Holstein cattle separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed the presence of four major caseins (αs1-, αs2-, β- and k-casein) and two whey proteins (β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin). The caseins accounted 77.28% of the total milk proteins, while the major proteins (β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin) from the whey represented 22.72% of the total proteins. αs1-casein + αs2-casein had a higher expression (36.01%) followed by β-casein (31.45%), β-lactoglobulin (18.16%), k-casein (9.82%) and α-lactalbumin (4.56%). The most of milk samples was characterized by a medium expression level of both caseins and whey proteins
Growth performance and fattening ability in castrated male and female East Balkan pigs reared organically in Strandzha mountain
Authors: Palova Nadezhda , Nakev Jivko , Popova Teodora , Ignatova Maya
Published: November 2020

(An experiment with two groups of East Balkan pigs – castrated males (n=10) and females (n=10), was carried out to study the growth performance and fattening abilities of the animals from the weaning until slaughter. The pigs were included in the trial at 60 day age. The average live weight of the castrated males was 8. 65±1.08 kg and for the females, 8.5±0.62 kg.

The pigs were reared using traditional technology, grazing on natural pastures in the Strandzha mountain, Bulgaria. In autumn, acorns were naturally present in their diet. According to the category, the animals additionally received ground organic feed (50% barley and 50% wheat). The trial lasted 304 days (from February to November, 2019). During this period the final live weight of the male castrated pigs reached 88.00 kg while that of the females was 84.4 kg. The difference, however, was not significant. Furthermore, no significant differences in the growth performance characteristics that could be attributed to the sex of the animals were observed. The average daily gain of both sexes tended to be lower in summer and higher in autumn. The feed conversion ratio was higher in summer. The animals showed high average daily weight gain at pasture when their live weight was over 50 kg.
Knowledge Sharing Through Platform Sharing
Authors: Oanţă Radu Mihai
Published: November 2020

The article presents a few aspects of the knowledge sharing process, both through conventional means and through those provided by information and communication technology. The first part includes a brief outline regarding knowledge sharing through communities of practice, emphasizing only those that conduct their activity in the online environment, followed by a short description of sharing platforms. Another element approached is an IT app of a demonstrative model of a knowledge bank for the domain of Defense, Public Order and National Security, resulting from my doctoral research. This is accompanied by a pilot study proving the manner in which the usefulness of this bank is perceived with the help of an on-line questionnaire. The research presented is destined to raising awareness in the field of knowledge banks and has the role to formulate conclusions which are going to allow increasing the efficiency in the development of similar platforms.
The variety of dual mock-Lie algebras
Authors: Camacho Luisa M. , Kaygorodov Ivan , Lopatkin Viktor , Salim Mohamed A.
Published: November 2020

We classify all complex 7- and 8-dimensional dual mock-Lie algebras by the algebraic and geometric way. Also, we find all non-trivial complex 9-dimensional dual mock-Lie algebras.
A Novel and Compact Circularly Polarized Antenna for 5G Wireless Local Area Network Application
Authors: Ravikanti Swetha , Anjaneyulu L.
Published: November 2020

The research paper presents a novel and compact circularly polarized (CP) antenna for a 5G wireless local area network (WLAN) application. It consists of a circular patch and a coaxial probe feed radiator. Circular polarization (CP) is attained by symmetric semi-circular slits of radius r
1 at three edges of a circular path with 90° in direction, and the other semicircular slit is of different radius r
2. To improve the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio, the radius of the fourth semicircular slit on circular patch antenna is varied. The design is verified by fabricating a compact antenna of 0.65λ0 × 0.65λ0 × 0.01λ0. The measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth is 3.9 % (5.36–5.56 GHz), 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is 1.1 % (5.43–5.49 GHz) and gain of 6.6 dBi at resonant frequency of 5.37 GHz is obtained. The authors also describe two-dimensional radiation patterns of azimuth and elevation plane surface current distribution of the CP patch, VSWR < 2. The proposed CP antenna is suitable for the 5G WLAN application. The proposed design is compared with various techniques in literature and tabulated. The measured results are also discussed and they are in good agreement with simulated results.
Effects of Electromagnetic Fields and their Shielding on the Growth of Dwarf Runner Beans
Authors: Górski Romuald , Dorna Hanna , Rosińska Agnieszka , Szopińska Dorota , Wosiński Stanisław
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of electromagnetic fields and their shielding on the growth of dwarf runner bean Phaseolus coccineus L. Three sectors were separated on the device emitting electromagnetic fields: “E” - sector emitting electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of the electrical component, “EM” - sector emitting electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components and “M” - sector with a predominance of magnetic component. Fields generated by the device were also shielded with ADR TEX, a screen based on a nanocomposite in which the electric component of the electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by water dispersed within a dielectric matrix in various ways. The composites exhibit high dielectric absorption and shield electric fields within the frequency range from ~100 mHz to ~100 kHz. Electromagnetic fields with the predominance of the electrical component and without domination of its components delayed the initial emergence of runner bean seedlings. Shielding of electromagnetic field without domination of its components with ADR TEX screen protected against this negative impact on the emergence rate of young runner bean seedlings. Exposure of plants to differentiated electromagnetic fields adversely affected their growth. Plants exposed to electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components had the lowest height and the shortest internodes. Shielding of electromagnetic fields with ADR TEX screen efficiently protected against their negative impact on the plant growth. Electromagnetic fields and their shielding did not influence the size of leaves and the index leaf greenness (SPAD).
Tourist traffic in the Forest Arboretum of Warmia and Mazury in Kudypy
Authors: Auguścik Adriana
Published: November 2020

One possible way to improve the health and well-being of people, especially those living in large urban agglomerations, is to provide the opportunity to spend time in the forest, which helps rest and regeneration by enabling contact with nature. Forest areas managed by the State Forests are therefore publicly available to tourists for recreational and educational purposes. A good example illustrating the scope of access to the forest and its resources, and at the same time indicative of the degree of interest in forest tourism, is the Polish Forest Society’s Forest Arboretum of Warmia and Mazury, run by the Kudypy Forest District in the Regional Directorate State Forests in Olsztyn.

The purpose of this work was to study the attendance of people visiting the Arboretum in 2014-2018 taking the variability of interest in visiting the Arboretum depending on the season of the year and the age of tourists (adults vs. children) into account. In overall, children were observed to visit the Arboretum more often than adults, while the largest number of organized groups visited the Arboretum in 2014. The most popular month among both, children and adults, was May. Using a Student’s t-test, Pearson’s Chi-squared test and Cramer’s coefficient a significant relationship between adults and children visiting the Arboretum and the seasons was identified. Significant differences between the average number of visitors to the Arboretum among children and adults at a specific time of year was also observed.
Individual Water Sources and their Potential Effect on Human and Animal Health in Environmentally Burdened Region
Authors: Hrušková T. , Sasáková N. , Bujdošová Z. , Sobeková A. , Šubová E.
Published: November 2020

The quality of water in a well that serves as an individual drinking water source, located in the Slovakian region previously burdened with mining activities, was investigated in relation to the quality of surface water in the same region. Selected microbiological and physicochemical parameters were determined in samples of ground water (well) and surface water (brook and river). Plate counts of coliform bacteria, E. coli, enterococci and bacteria cultivated at 22 °C and 37 °C were determined. Microbiological quality of samples collected from the well was generally satisfactory. Examination of the samples of surface water (river) showed a significant organic pollution indicated by fluorescence spectra. In all water samples the values of: pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonium ions, nitrites, nitrates, chlorides and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) were below the limits set by the state legislation. In the surface water, high levels of arsenic were found. The sum of calcium and magnesium in the well water was close to or below the recommended minimum level. In this well water, the level of antimony exceeded 10-fold the maximum limit for drinking water and was of the largest concern as this well water has been used for drinking, cooking, and watering of animals and vegetables for a long period of time. This poses a risk of accumulation of this metalloid in the food chain.
Pharmacological properties of fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.) and bioavailability of ellagitannins. A review
Authors: Dreger Mariola , Adamczak Artur , Seidler-Łożykowska Katarzyna , Wielgus Karolina
Published: November 2020

Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.) is a well-known medicinal plant traditionally used in the treatment of urogenital diseases, stomach and liver disorders, skin problems, etc. E. angustifolium extracts show anti-androgenic, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities. The unique combination of biological properties demonstrated by the results of some studies indicates that fireweed has a positive effect in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and potentially in the prostate cancer chemoprevention. However, the efficacy of E. angustifolium phytotherapy is still poorly tested in clinical trials, while numerous beneficial effects of extracts have been documented in the in vitro and in vivo tests. Fireweed is rich in polyphenolic compounds, particularly ellagitannins. Currently, polyphenols are considered to be modulators of beneficial gut microbiota. The literature data support the use of ellagitannins in the prostate cancer chemoprevention, but caution is advised due to the highly variable production of urolithins by the individual microbiota. A better understanding of the microbiota’s role and the mechanisms of its action are crucial for an optimal therapeutic effect. This paper aims to summarize and discuss experimental data concerning pharmacological properties of E. angustifolium and bioavailability of ellagitannins – important bioactive compounds of this plant.
Developmental and chemical characteristics of Melittis melissophyllum L. in limited access of sunlight
Authors: Szymborska-Sandhu Izabela
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Bastard balm grows in forests, in central and southeastern part of Europe. The herb of this species is rich in phenolics, mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarins. The plant is used in traditional European medicine, in digestive problems and for aromatizing tobacco and alcohol products.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of shading on bastard balm development and the accumulation of phenolics in its herb, with special respect to coumarin as a quality marker of this raw material.

Methods: The plants were cultivated in full sunlight, in 30% and 50% shade provided by shading nets. The herb was harvested from plants in the third year of vegetation, at four subsequent developmental stages and then subjected to chemical evaluation. In the raw material, the total contents of flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarins was determined. The content of coumarin was analyzed using HPLC-DAD.

Results: Plants grown in 30% shade produced the highest number of flowers and seeds. They produced the highest mass of herb at the beginning of the seed-setting stage. The plants grown in full sunlight revealed the highest content of flavonoids and phenolic acids, especially during flowering and at the beginning of the seed-setting stage. The mass of herb obtained by plants cultivated at deep (50%) shade was the lowest, however, the content of coumarin in these plants was the highest.

Conclusion: The influence of shade on bastard balm was expressed by the herb mass and coumarin content increment. The plants thrived best in 30% shade, both in terms of flowering abundance and the mass of herb, whereas those from 50% shade were the richest in coumarin.
“Urban Killing Fields:” International Humanitarian Law, Gang Violence, and Armed Conflict on the Streets of El Salvador
Authors: Ryan Kirsten Ortega
Published: November 2020

El Salvador is currently one of the most violent countries in the world with rates of violent death second only to Syria. With gangs running rampant and state security forces unchecked, the streets have become “urban killing fields”1 while the rest of the world has turned a blind eye to the atrocities. It is time for the international community to refocus on El Salvador and work towards a solution to this dire humanitarian crisis. To that end, it is imperative that the gang violence in El Salvador should be understood by the global community as an internal “armed conflict” under international humanitarian law. By recognizing the violence in El Salvador as an “armed conflict,” international attention to resolving this human rights tragedy will increase, and Salvadoran gang leaders and government forces can be prosecuted internationally for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Telemedicine During COVID 19 - A Useful Tool in COPD Patient Management
Authors: Mihălţan Florin , Oprea Corina , Coşei Valentin , Mut Bogdan , Constantin Ancuţa
Published: November 2020

Telemedicine has always had an openness to the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. Over the years, pros and cons arguments have been found to mark the benefits or disadvantages of using this tool for COPD patients. We initiated this remote monitoring activities on a small series of patients before the outbreak of the COVID19 epidemic, and this allowed us during these months of physical and social distance to point out the advantages of this method and also determined us to make a transition to review of the latest data in the field related to these types of interventions.
An Anatomical Variation of Terminal Branches of the Thoracoacromial Artery – Case Report
Authors: Kocsis Loránd , Harșa Mihai-Iuliu , Dénes Lóránd , Pap Zsuzsánna
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Mapping the branching patterns of the thoracoacromial artery has a particular practical importance. Familiarity with the different anatomical variations is essential for successful surgical procedures in the anterior shoulder region.

Case presentation: We present an unusual anatomical variant observed during the dissection of a cadaver at the Department of Anatomy and Embryology of the “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania. According to the classical description, the thoracoacromial artery originates from the second part of the axillary artery, but we observed an unusual branching variation: the thoracoacromial artery provided a subscapular branch right after its origin, then it split into a pectoral branch, the lateral thoracic artery, and a common trunk that gave a second pectoral branch and a deltoid-acromial branch. The clavicular branch was missing.

Conclusions: The case we presented demonstrates that there are anatomical variations of the axillary artery system that are partially or entirely different from the classical descriptions. Our study describes a variation of the thoracoacromial artery that has not been reported so far.
The effect of a prototype hydromulch on soil water evaporation under controlled laboratory conditions
Authors: Verdú Antoni M.C. , Mas M. Teresa , Josa Ramon , Ginovart Marta
Published: November 2020

Organic hydromulches can be an interesting alternative for weed control in perennial crops, but can also reduce soil water evaporation. To examine the effect of a hydromulch layer on soil water content in dry conditions laboratory experiments were conducted at constant 25°C, 40% air RH. Both for small soil containers with a short time course and for larger soil columns (with two sensors at depths of 6 cm and 11 cm) with a longer time course, the presence and also the thickness of hydromulch were significant factors for the temporal evolution of soil water content. Two distinct stages of the evaporation process, the first or initial stage and the last or final stage, were identified, analysed and compared for these experiments. General linear models performed on the soil water content temporal evolutions showed significant differences for the first and last stages at the top and bottom of the soil columns with and without hydromulch. Hydromulch application delayed the evaporation process in comparison with the control. Moreover, the hydromulch layer, which was tested for mechanical resistance to punching, offered enough resistance to prevent its perforation by the sprouts of weed rhizomes.
Gemstones of eastern Kazakhstan
Authors: Chlachula Jiri
Published: November 2020

An overview is presented of gemstones from eastern Kazakhstan in terms of their geographical distribution, geological provenance and genesis, gemmological characteristics, historical use and current applications. Locally occurring precious, semi-precious and decorative stones were extracted and traded along the northern part of the Silk Road that traversed the area in earlier historical times. Currently, non-metallic minerals, which largely originate from mafic igneous and metamorphic bodies of the Altay and Kalba Mountains of Kazakhstan, still are insufficiently known and exploited industrially only marginally. For the present study, selected depositories of coloured stones at the Mineralogy Museum of the East Kazakhstan State Technical University were used, supplemented by the newly collected material during personal fieldwork in the southern Altay between 2005 and 2015. Standard documentation of the gemstones selected is provided, alongside with their known occurrence sites and an evaluation of the perspective gemstone-bearing deposits with respect to regional morphostructural bedrock characteristics. The most precious gemstones include topaz, corundum (sapphire and ruby), beryl (emerald and aquamarine), coloured tourmalines, agates as well as diamonds. Despite the great variety, the majority of these traditionally most valued stones are currently commercially not viable, unlike high-quality decorative stones.
On some properties of the conformable fractional derivative
Authors: Azennar Radouane , Mentagui Driss
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we prove that the intermediate value theorem remains true for the conformable fractional derivative and we prove some useful results using the definition of conformable fractional derivative given in R. Khalil, M. Al Horani, A. Yousef, M. Sababhehb [4].
Evaluation of structural, optical and physical properties of polyurethane composites doped with metal alkoxides
Authors: Nadafan Marzieh , Anvari Javid Zamir
Published: November 2020

In this research, polyurethane (PU)/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) composite was prepared via one-step polymerization method using different concentrations of TEOS in PU. The structural, optical and physical properties of PU composite were characterized by SEM imaging, FT-IR spectroscopy, water uptake, Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy imaging of synthesized samples. The SEM results showed that by adding TEOS to the PU, the cell and window size of synthesized samples decreased. This result was also observed in the optical micrographs. The bonding characteristics of PU/TEOS composites were analyzed using Raman and FT-IR spectra. According to the FT-IR spectra, the degree of phase separation (DPS) and hydrogen bonding index, R, in 800 μl TEOS/PU had the highest R and DPS factors. By adding different concentrations of TEOS to PU, the apparent density decreased but the real density increased. The total, open and closed porosity of the synthesized samples were calculated. At low loading of TEOS in PU, the open porosity of the samples increased. The PU/TEOS composites may be promising candidates for absorbing sound.
Ablation of single-crystalline cesium iodide by extreme ultraviolet capillary-discharge laser
Authors: Wild Jan , Pira Peter , Burian Tomas , Vysin Ludek , Juha Libor , Zelinger Zdenek , Danis Stanislav , Nehasil Vaclav , Rafaj Zdenek , Nevrly Vaclav , Dostal Michal , Bitala Petr , Kudrna Pavel , Tichy Milan , Rocca Jorge J.
Published: November 2020

Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) capillary-discharge lasers (CDLs) are a suitable source for the efficient, clean ablation of ionic crystals, which are obviously difficult to ablate with conventional, long-wavelength lasers. In the present study, a single crystal of cesium iodide (CsI) was irradiated by multiple, focused 1.5-ns pulses of 46.9-nm radiation delivered from a compact XUV-CDL device operated at either 2-Hz or 3-Hz repetition rates. The ablation rates were determined from the depth of the craters produced by the accumulation of laser pulses. Langmuir probes were used to diagnose the plasma plume produced by the focused XUV-CDL beam. Both the electron density and electron temperature were sufficiently high to confirm that ablation was the key process in the observed CsI removal. Moreover, a CsI thin film on MgO substrate was prepared by XUV pulsed laser deposition; a fraction of the film was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Variation in rms charge radii of deuteron and helium nuclei with s\sqrt s
Authors: Zahra Sarwat , Shafaq Bushra , Kanwal Bushra , Akbar Nosheen
Published: November 2020

By considering energy-dependent form factors extracted from generalized Chou–Yang model, root mean square (rms) charge radii of deuteron and helium nuclei (alpha) are predicted at different values of center of mass energy which are in good agreement with theoretical predictions and experimental results. The rms radius is inversely proportional to mass of nuclei. Besides, the relationship between radii and energy are also derived.
Body Composition, Physical Fitness and Physical Activity Among Students from Universities in Biala Podlaska
Authors: Popławska Helena , Dmitruk Agnieszka , Hołub Wojciech
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Body composition as well as physical fitness and physical activity are determined by a variety of factors affecting an individual, a social group or population.

Material and methods. The research included 1st- and 2nd-year students from universities located in Biala Podlaska (University of Physical Education – UPE and State School of Higher Education – SSHE). Students were divided into 3 groups. The first group included physical education (PE) students from the UPE, the second group consisted of physiotherapy students from the UPE, while the third group included students from the SSHE. In general, 1107 individuals were examined, including 563 females and 544 males. Body height, body mass, waist circumference, hip circumference and six skinfolds were measured, fat tissue distribution indices such as WHR, TSS, ESS, TER were calculated and body composition was assessed with the use of IOI 353 body composition analyser. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Physical fitness was evaluated by performing EUROFIT tests. Statistical analysis was made on the basis of Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results. PE students manifested the highest values of body height, muscle mass and lean body mass as well as the highest level of physical activity and physical fitness. Physiotherapy students had the highest body mass and the highest level of body fat. Students from the SSHE were characterised by the lowest body height and weight, muscle mass and lean body mass. They also manifested the lowest level of total body water. Participants from this university achieved the lowest results in such physical fitness tests as standing broad jump, 10 x 5 m shuttle run and sit-and-reach. Females from the SSHE also manifested the lowest level of total physical activity.

Conclusion. It was concluded that somatic build, physical fitness and physical activity of the participants differ depending on their field of study.