bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA circXPO1 promotes multiple myeloma progression via sponging miR-495 3p and upregulating of DDIT4
Authors: Li Fangmei , Liu Jing , Miao Jiyu , Hong Fei , Lv Yang , Wu Dong , Shen Ying , Liu Rui , Zhang Ru , Jia Yachun , Zhai Meng , Li Xinye , He Aili , Wang Jianli
Published: June 2022

Background:Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic cancer featured by malignant proliferation of plasma cells. The therapeutic strategies for MM patients include chemotherapy, immune therapy and targeted therapy. However, MM is still an incurable malignancy. To extend therapeutic arsenal for MM, it is important to uncover the molecular mechanism and cellular machinery behind the vicious progression of MM. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are versatile regulators that affect aggressive behaviors of many cancers. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in MM are not well elucidated. CircXPO1 (also referred to as hsa_circRNA_102735) is a newly discovered circRNA that is upregulated in multiple myeloma (MM) based on microarray analysis. This study aimed to investigate roles of circXPO1 in MM. Methods: We investigated the expression pattern of circRNAs in primary Multiple myeloma samples using the circRNA microarray. The characteristics, potential diagnostic value, and prognostic significance of circXPO1 were evaluated among 54 newly diagnosed MM patients by analyzing the expression of circXPO1 in different disease stages. Knockdown and overexpression were used to evaluate the effects of circXPO1 on myeloma malignancy in vitro and in vivo. Biotin RNA pulldown assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay were implemented to verify the interaction between circXPO1 and miR-495-3p. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to prove the combination miR-495-3p and DDIT4.Results：CircXPO1 was highly expressed in bone marrow (BM)-derived plasma cells of MM patients and MM cell lines than that in iron deficiency anemia (IDA) controls. CircXPO1 promoted the proliferation, cell cycle, and impeded the apoptosis of MM cells. MiR-495-3p was a direct target of circXPO1 in MM cells, and circXPO1 promote myeloma progression via sponging miR-495-3p. DDIT4 could directly bind to miR-495-3p in MM cells and miR-495-3p exerted an anti-tumor role through targeting DDIT4.Conclusion：CircXPO1, acting as an oncogene, could promote the proliferation, cell cycle, and restrain the apoptosis of MM cells through regulating miR-495-3p and DDIT4, which provides novel insights into MM therapy.
A multi-centric descriptive study of environmental cleaning practices in government-run tertiary care hospitals of a developing nation
Authors: Richhariya Megha , Poonam  , Kumar Parmeshwar , Sharma DK , Singh Soubam Iboyaima , Khare Amitesh
Published: June 2022

A. Background: The amount of microorganism present in the environment around a patient is directly proportionate to the incidence of infection in hospitals and other health care settings. The presence of such microorganisms can be reduced by simple measures like cleaning and disinfecting. The National Guidelines for Clean Hospitals were envisaged in the year 2015 by Government of India with the mandate of strengthening and streamlining the environmental cleaning practices among hospitals, across country.The aim of the study was to measure compliance of the environmental cleaning practices being observed in various hospitals vis a vis National Guidelines for Clean Hospitals.B. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study that was carried out over a period of 18 months in four government-run tertiary care hospitals in the capital city of a developing nation. The compliance was measured by incorporating parameters from the guidelines into a tool, developed and validated by the investigators. Direct observations were made to analyse the gaps between the guidelines and cleaning practices.C. Results: The overall compliance to guidelines in each hospital was found to be between 41% to 55 % with a mean of 46.09%. The outsourced housekeeping manpower outnumbered the regular manpower. Each hospital had a well-defined organizational structure but the span of control was too wide. The most compliant cleaning practices were observed to be the cleaning of floors, OT Tables and exterior surfaces of various machinery & equipment. The frequency and methods of cleaning were fully compliant. The most non-compliant parameter was use of non-permeable apron and gum-boots while cleaning by the housekeeping personnel. The compliance to all parameters were better in High Risk areas of the Hospitals. Each hospital was using visual inspection and microbial cultures to assess the cleanliness. Material safety data sheet was not available in 3 out of 4 hospitals. is a mandatory requirement it should not be overlooked as was observed in 3 hospitals and the chemical cleaning agent refill bottles were not labelled in any of hospitals.D. Conclusion: The organizational structure of an institution plays a very important role in the performance of its employees at every level. Hence, the lack of appropriate span of control could be attributed to the overall low compliance of each hospital to the guidelines.E. Trial Registration: NA
Índice de sustentabilidade da produção agrícola das famílias assentadas pelo Projeto da Transposição do Rio São Francisco, no Município de Cajazeiras, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Andrade Thamara de Holanda , Barros José Deomar de Souza
Published: June 2022

Os cuidados com o meio ambiente têm sido uma das principais preocupações de organizações no mundo todo. Em busca da sustentabilidade ambiental, várias estratégias têm sido traçadas, dentre tantas está a produção agrícola sustentável, que se trata de um trabalho de cultivo onde as técnicas utilizadas são menos degradantes ao meio ambiente. O presente estudo visou a analisar a sustentabilidade da produção agrícola das famílias assistidas pelo Projeto de Transposição do Rio São Francisco, na Vila Produtiva Rural Bartolomeu, localizada no Município de Cajazeiras-PB. Através de um formulário semiestruturado buscou-se colher as informações pertinentes relativas às técnicas de cultivo que os agricultores, moradores da referida vila produtiva, adotam em suas produções agrícolas. Após análise dos dados, foi observado que a agricultura familiar exercida na Vila Produtiva Rural Bartolomeu apresentou um baixo índice econômico (0,08), um baixo índice técnico-agronômico (0,48), um baixo índice de manejo (0,04), um baixo índice ecológico (0,12) e também um baixo índice político institucional (0,09). Pelos resultados conclui-se que há um baixo índice de sustentabilidade nas produções agrícolas da referida vila. Os dados obtidos indicam a necessidade de investimento em capacitação com vistas ao aprimoramento das práticas agrícolas, com vistas a alcançarem melhores resultados quanto à sustentabilidade socioambiental.
Modelagem de potencial energético de aerogerador para edificação urbana com base em dados de sensoriamento remoto por satélite
Authors: Nascimento Marcos Guedes do , Menezes Júnior Raimundo Aprígio de , Souza Bruno César Bezerra Nóbrega de , Mello Sérgio Costa de
Published: June 2022

A poluição ambiental decorrente do uso de recursos não renováveis de energia e a limitação da disponibilidade destes recursos, somadas a necessidade de diversificação da matriz energética em razão do aumento sucessivo da demanda por energia, têm propiciado o desenvolvimento de diversos estudos em busca de soluções a estas questões. Inserida neste contexto, esta pesquisa apresenta a modelagem matemática de um sistema de conversão de energia eólica em elétrica a ser implementada no edifício sede do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Admite-se inicialmente um aerogerador hipotético sob a ação do vento em que o perfil de velocidade média no local entre os anos de 2015 a 2020 é obtido por meio da base de dados de sensoriamento remoto por satélite TERRACLIMATE. Os resultados alcançados neste estudo mostraram que os valores de corrente e potência, em termos gerais, variaram de 1,0 A até 4,0 A e de 20 W até 85 W durante os seis anos levados em consideração. Na média anual, a velocidade, a corrente e a potência assumiram valores de aproximadamente 4 m/s, 4 A e 75 W entre os meses de julho e outubro, que são os meses de maior incidência de ventos. Já entre os novembro e março foram registrados os menores valores destas grandezas, os quais se mostraram próximos de 3 m/s, 1,5 A e 20 W, respectivamente. Com uma produção de energia ininterrupta durante todos os dias e períodos do ano, o emprego do tipo de aerogerador adotado no estudo se mostrou viável, de tal maneira que caso seja garantida a instalação do mesmo em um lugar onde possa receber as correntes de ventos do local, possivelmente ele irá suprir total ou parcialmente, a demanda por potência em dispositivos e equipamentos de baixo consumo energético a exemplo de lâmpadas e ventiladores.
O consórcio intermunicipal entre as soluções de disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos: um estudo econômico aplicado no sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Nascimento Eduardo Castelã , Rodrigues Alexandra Ferreira , Neder Clóvis Vitório Giacóia , Andrade Fayler Rodrigues de
Published: June 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo comparar custos de implantação e operação de um consórcio intermunicipal de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) com os custos das disposições atuais de municípios do Sul de Minas Gerais, identificando potenciais benefícios econômicos. Para isso, foi realizado levantamento por questionário da situação atual da disposição dos RSU em municípios próximos a Três Corações. Posteriormente, pesquisou-se sobre custos de implantação e operação de um consórcio intermunicipal de RSU, em fontes bibliográficas e com consórcios, adequando-os à realidade dos respondentes. Finalmente, foi realizada comparação econômica entre a solução consorciada e as atuais. Das cidades consultadas, três forneceram informações para inclusão no estudo: Três Corações, Cambuquira e Campanha. Verificou-se que a implantação e operação de um consórcio intermunicipal de RSU entre estas cidades geraria uma economia de R$ 43.890.580,08 ao longo da vida útil de um aterro sanitário consorciado, 216 meses, em comparação com as soluções adotadas atualmente. No país, 59,7% dos municípios brasileiros destinam seus RSU para lixões ou aterros controlados, outros destinam a aterros sanitários próprios, arcando com seus custos isoladamente, enquanto outros destinam a aterros sanitários em outros municípios, com custos de disposição e transporte. 57,7% dos municípios têm gestão fiscal difícil ou crítica. Logo, a implantação de consórcios intermunicipais de RSU pode gerar economia em relação às soluções atuais, podendo proporcionar solução mais eficiente aos RSU do Brasil. Desta forma, os resultados propõem que mais municípios brasileiros devam estudar essa solução profundamente, podendo propiciar solução eficiente, ambiental e economicamente, ao tratamento ou disposição dos RSU.
DIABETES MELLITUS- IN A POST COVID ERA, ITS ORAL ASPECT AND DIAGNOSIS: A REVIEW
Authors: Mishra Rohit , Chandrashekar K.T , Mahawar Tanvee , Sharma Deeksha
Published: June 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a group of physiological impairment characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both.This disease can lead to many complications in various regions of the body, the oral complications that can be seen are xerostomia, dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal disease, increased tendency to oral infections etc. Periodontal disease is the only 6th complication of diabetes mellitus.1,2 In summer 2021, the covid-19 second wave in India has raised more consequential concerns about the ability of this infection to trigger the glucogenic machinery in Covid patients, possibly leading to the new onset of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this review is to summarizes the chairside diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus and its oral aspects by a periodontist specially in post Covid era.
A CASE OF VUVLVAR ANGIOMYXOMA : REPORT AND LITERATUREREVIEW
Authors:   Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Ait Benhassi Amal , Abdelkhalki Hicham ,   Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Asmouki Hamid ,   Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Fakhir Bouchra ,   Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Bassir Ahlam ,   Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Harou Karam ,   Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Ait Benkaddour Yassir. ,   Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Boukhanni Lahcen ,   Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Aboulfalah Abderrahim ,   Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Soummani Abderraouf ,   Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
Published: June 2022

Superficialangiomyxoma (SMA) is a rare benign skin tumorwith a peak incidence in middle age . The diseaseiscaused by mutations in the PRKAR1A gene. Which, codes for the type of I alpha regulatorysubunit of the enzyme protein kinase A. We report a rare case of vulvarangiomyxomain 19-year-old patient beneficied of large exicion of mass in the leftlabia majora. the diagnostic of SMA retained, afterhistologicalstudy of surgicalspecimen , The evolution has been good withoutrecurrence.
CARILLA MAGIC: AFRO GUYANESE MEDICINE AND MEMORY
Authors: Cayana Ele
Published: June 2022

The general context of this historical investigation is Herbal Medicine in the Afro-Caribbean Atlantic and, particularly, in Guyana. Specifically, this essay is focused on the use of Memory and Medicine to alleviate the socioeconomic and socio-spiritual challenges that non-European cultures faced in the Â‘New WorldÂ’. My central question concerns the transplantation, transmission, and syncretism of various remedies to pre-colonial and pre-Columbian maladies, as well as modern maladies. It is already known that Hippocrates, the father of Western medicine is associated with the treatment of diseases through florae, and it has already been established that, at the time of contact, non-Europeans were healthy because of their Ethnobotanical knowledge. This essayÂ’s importance relies on the investigation into the nature of Afro-Caribbean Atlantic retention. The analytic method contains a fusion of Social Histories, especially the use of Guyanese news articles, used to analyze the memory and history that remains in the hearts and minds of the public. The results show that there is a simultaneous recollection of Herbal Medicinal memory, and an attempt to remember to be as healthy as generations before. The contemporary implications are especially relevant in this era, as the chronic nature of Covid illness becomes a greater threat in our human society.
A RADIATION SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF X-RAY DIAGNOSTIC UNITS IN S.M.S HOSPITAL JAIPUR: AN INSTITUTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Department of Radiological Physics, S.M.S Medical College & Hospitals, Jaipur., Saini Priya , Jheeta Kuldeep ,   Department of Radiological Physics, S.M.S Medical College & Hospitals, Jaipur., Stephen Meenu ,   Department of Radiological Physics, S.M.S Medical College & Hospitals, Jaipur., Joan Mary ,   Department of Radiological Physics, S.M.S Medical College & Hospitals, Jaipur., Dana Rohitashwa ,   Department of Radiological Physics, S.M.S Medical College & Hospitals, Jaipur., Pradhan Anirudh ,   Centre for Cosmology, Astrophysics and Space Science, GLA University, Mathura.
Published: June 2022

The aim of a quality assurance (QA) program is to assist a radio-diagnostic facility in consistently obtaining adequate radiological information with a minimum of dose and a minimum of cost. An integrated part of a quality assurance program is quality control (QC) in which a series of examinations and checks on equipment performance are undertaken, so that any changes can be objectively monitored and remedies made. The main objective of the present work was to carry out an independent audit of the important features of QA tests and radiation safety parameters in medical X-ray installations, which would reflect the safety status and to assess the regulatory requirements of the safety code. We conducted a radiological safety and quality assurance audit of 32 medical X-ray diagnostic machines installed in SMS hospital, Jaipur. A QA kit consisting of a kVp test meter, ionization chamber-based radiation survey meter and other standard accessories were used for the required measurements. The study mainly covered eight quality control checks that is accuracy check of accelerating potential (kVp), linearity of tube current (mA station)and timer, congruence of radiation and optical field, and total filtration, beam alignment, focal spot size, leakage radiation survey, and beam out. The status test is carried out in order to establish the functional status of the equipments. They operated and functioned correctly and prevented movement when activated. All measured values were well within the tolerance limit.
Psychosocial Burden of Mothers’ Care of Children with Autism Attending Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Yaba Nigeria
Authors: kayode olubiyi simeon
Published: June 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or simply autism, occupies an extreme position among childhood pathologies due to its severity, duration, and impact on the family. This descriptive study assessed the psychosocial burden of care on 60 mothers of children with childhood autism. The instrument consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZCGI). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results indicated a significantly high level of psychological distress (51.8%) among mother of children with autism, and (30%) thirty percent of mothers of children with autism had a low burden. Bivariate analysis revealed factors that were associated with psychological distress in mother of these children were the presence of social type of impairments and a high number of impairment in the child having to cut down or give up work and a high burden score on these women believed to be a spillover from the care burden. Results also showed the number of impairments at various periods: 12 months (51.79%), 6-12 months (30.36%), and less than 6 months are (17.86%). Mothers’ employment rate was cut down to 51.9%, while 25.9% gave up their job completely. These were significantly and independently associated with psychological distress. Conclusively, the study revealed that mothers of children with autism experience significant higher levels of burden. Hence, an urgent need for the implementation of intervention programmes to reduce the burden of care among this group of mothers in Nigeria with social support and governmental assistance and approaches.
Forgiveness, gratitude, and the flourishing of emerging adults with divorced parents
Authors: Tessy Nastasya Ryoko Bonang , Setiasih Setiasih , Nanik Nanik
Published: June 2022

Parental divorce affects the ability of individuals to flourish. This study aims to determine the relationship between forgiveness and gratitude and the flourishing of emerging adults whose parents have divorced. Voluntary convenience sampling was used to identify respondents (N = 429 emerging adults whose parents had been divorced for at least two years). Data were collected using the Emotional Forgiveness Scale, the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form, and the PERMA Profiler. Data analysis was performed using multiple regression analysis. The results show that forgiveness and gratitude were significantly associated with flourishing in emerging adults whose parents divorced (R2 = .382, F = 131.634, p .05). The contribution of gratitude (β = 1.299) to flourishing was greater than that of forgiveness (β = .722). Forgiveness and gratitude can predict flourishing in emerging adults whose parents are divorced, in this case, the role of gratitude is greater than forgiveness. Interventions that combine the basis of forgiveness and gratitude can be used to optimize the flourishing of such emerging adults whose parents are divorced.
The relationship between gratitude and well-being: The moderating effect of religiosity on university freshmen during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Daulay Nurussakinah , Assingkily Muhammad Shaleh , Munthe Abdul Kholik
Published: June 2022

The various challenges and difficulties faced by college and university freshmen (new students) during the COVID-19 pandemic can affect their well-being. This well-being condition is influenced by gratitude and religiosity, as well as the role of religiosity in moderating these relations, are the main objectives of this study. The research was conducted on new students in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 academic years (N = 2048). Data collection was made through surveys by distributing online questionnaires, including the Gratitude Questionnaire-6, the Short Muslim Belief and Practice Scale, and the WEMWBS Scale. Data analysis was performed using multiple regression and a moderation test. The results show an influence of gratitude (β = .928, p .01) and religiosity (β = .371 p .01) on well-being. Religiosity is demonstrated to moderate the relationship between gratitude and well-being (F = 251.656, p .01). The study has empirical implications in the form of the theory that career achievement and well-being orientation for new students will face various problems, but can be helped by introducing self-protective factors in the form of well-being, religiosity, and gratitude.
Parenting style and depression among students: The mediating role of self-esteem
Authors: Jannah Kholifatul , Hastuti Dwi , Riany Yulina Eva
Published: June 2022

Parenting style has been highlighted as one of the causes of depressive symptoms and also influences adolescent self-esteem. Although many studies have investigated the effect of self-esteem on depression, few have considered its role as a mediator variable. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the direct effect of parenting style on adolescent depression and its indirect effect on self-esteem. An online survey was completed voluntarily by 555 respondents from four senior high schools in Bekasi, Indonesia. The Patient Health Questionnaire, Parental Authority Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Path-SPSS analysis were employed to prove the hypothesis. The results show a significant direct effect of parenting [authoritative (β = -.257, p .01), authoritarian (β = .181, p .01) and permissive (β = .109, p .01)] on depression. In addition, there is an indirect effect of authoritative (β = -.182, p .01) and authoritarian (β = .055, p .01) parenting styles on depression as mediated by self-esteem. The study indicates the importance of positive parenting and the building of adolescents' self-esteem to avoid the risk of depression.
Reconstruction of the Last Stage of the Spread of Islam in Dagestan on the Basis of Local Arabic-language Written Sources (16th-17th Centuries)
Authors:   Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khapizov Shakhban M. , Shekhmagomedov Magomed G. ,   Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2022

The article examines the process of the spread of Islam in Tsunta, i. e., in the southwestern part of Highland Dagestan, which is now part of the Tsuntinsky district of the Republic of Dagestan. By the end of the XV Century Tsunta was the only micro-region in Dagestan whose inhabitants did not yet adhere to Islam. The study is based on a comprehensive approach to the issue: the authors use information from epigraphic monuments, narratives, already published written sources, as well as oral traditions recorded by them. The latter are used only as an auxiliary source, which helps to bring additional facts to the reconstructed picture. The basic sources are local Arabic-language written sources, epitaphs of memorial monuments and written correspondence of representatives of the spiritual and political elite of Dagestan with the rural societies of mountain Dagestan. The former were identified by the authors in the Kortan locality, located in the Antsukh Gorge, Tlyaratinsky district. During the archaeographic expedition the authors also identified three Arabic-language letters, which contain answers to some key questions related to the topic under study. One of them, as it turned out, had already been previously published, but the authors offer their own version of the translation, as well as publish a copy of the letter for the first time. The other two letters are being researched for the first time. The authors have managed to identify a previously little-known phenomenon of the functioning of the Ghazi center in medieval Dagestan. From Kortan, with the involvement of volunteers from other settlements, military campaigns were organized against “pagan” communities that did not want to convert to Islam. From there, Qadis and other representatives of the Islamic clergy were appointed to Tsunta to carry out missionary work on the spot. We were also able to date the process of the spread of Islam in Tsunta, which took place from the end of the sixteenth century to the beginning of the eighteenth century.
Oirat Manuscripts in the Cabinet for Collecting, Cataloguing and Publishing Old Books of Ethnic Minorities in Ürümqi.Part 2
Authors:   Institute of China’s Borderland Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Aoqier Alateng , Yakhontova Natalia S. ,   Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yampolskaya Natalia V. ,   Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2022

The article presents a summary of the unpublished catalogue of Oirat manuscripts and xylographs preserved at the Cabinet for Collecting, Cataloguing, and Publishing Old Books of Ethnic Minorities, the National Affairs Committee of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Ürümqi), compiled by the keeper of the collection Do. Galdan. The fund contains around 400 books collected among the Mongolian population of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region since 1984. The Catalogue compiled by Do. Galdan is a list of 397 entries structured according to the order of shelfmarks: the items are neither classified by topic nor indexed, which does not allow the search for a particular text inside the collection. Therefore, classifying and grouping the items is the main task of this article. Its main focus is a thematic index to the upcoming catalogue. The index is preceded by commentary that introduces the classification of texts and notes the highlights of the collection. The texts were classified based on their titles and the descriptions of their content provided by Do. Galdan in his draft catalogue. The overall number of surviving Oirat manuscripts is limited, and the value of the materials preserved in Ürümqi is beyond dispute. What makes this collection exceptional is its local and popular character which reflects the tradition of text-related practices spread among the Oirat population of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the 20th century.
Protecting the legitimate expectations of the taxpayer in the context of the operation and application of anti-avoidance rules: Balancing private and public interests
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nogina Oksana A. , Ovsyannikov Sergey V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes General and Special Anti-Avoidance Rules of national and international law. The authors investigate the correlation between General and Special Anti-Avoidance Rules established in Russian tax legislation, and also determine the place of judicial doctrines and official interpretations of legislative anti-avoidance rules in the mechanism of law enforcement. Given the multiplicity of legal prescriptions, judicial positions and interpretation acts, a sequence of application of legal provisions in the resolution of litigation is being developed. The correlation of international anti-avoidance rules with the rules of Russian tax legislation is established, indicating the dominant role of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the system of anti-avoidance orders, including international treaties. A system and hierarchy of anti-avoidance norms are proposed. Special attention is paid to the study of the principle of protection by taxpayers of their legitimate expectations as a guarantee of ensuring private interest in the field of tax relations. The exercise by taxpayers of the right to protect their legitimate expectations is viewed in the context of their obtaining a reasonable tax benefit. A study of tax calculation methods, including the calculation method used to determine the amount of tax benefit in the context of taxpayers’ protection of their legitimate expectations to reduce tax burden, is conducted. The idea is expressed about the need to legislatively recognize the taxpayer’s right to independently use the tax calculation method, especially in unforeseen circumstances. The judicial approach is supported that the protection of property tax consequences expected as a result of completed transactions can be conducted in court, based on the initial legal expectations, despite the taxpayer’s compliance with the instructions of the tax authority to pay arrears, penalties and fines.
United States policy and legislation on the exploration of natural resources of celestial bodies (international legal aspects)
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Abashidze Aslan Kh. , Chernykh Irina A. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
Published: June 2022

The present article attempts to integrate and comprehensively analyze the main stages in the formation and development of the U. S. policy and legislation on the use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies. In connection with recent announcements — the new lunar space program “Artemis” launched by NASA in May 2019, negotiations on bilateral “Artemis Accords” with potential partners in May 2020 (concluded by the U. S. with several states in October 2020), and Donald Trump’s Executive Order on Encouraging International Support for the Recovery and Use of Space Resources — the article focuses on U. S. policy and legislation in the light of the principles and norms enshrined in the following space treaties: the Outer Space Treaty, 1967 (main space treaty), and the Moon Agreement, 1979. The authors, using historical-legal, formal-legal, and comparative legal methods, show the changing position of the U. S. taken by their delegation during the drafting of the aforementioned international treaties, and the U. S. authorities’’ constant adjustment of their national policy and legislation on the exploration of space and its natural resources. To clarify the initial U. S. Position on key aspects, the authors refer to the travaux preparatoires of both the Outer Space Treaty, 1967, and “uncertainty” (according to the U. S. authorities, which had been the active drafter at the time) of the Moon Agreement, 1979. Condensed opinions of leading space experts and famous researchers on international space law are submitted in the article resulting for the authors in: U. S. pursue destructive policy aiming at undermining enshrined in the Outer Space Treaty, 1967, fundamental basis of international space law.
Criminal law regulation of criminal acts involving COVID-19 epidemic
Authors:   Henan University, Pang Dongmei , Ma Jiahui ,   Henan University
Published: June 2022

On the eve of the 2020 Spring Festival, the new coronavirus pneumonia broke out, normal social order was affected, and crimes involving the epidemic increased. On February 6, 2020, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Ministry of Justice jointly issued “Opinions on Punishment of Crimes Obstructing the Prevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Epidemic According to Law”, which clearly stipulates nine types of crimes that hinder the prevention and control of the epidemic. In order to clarify and solve some outstanding problems of inconsistent understanding of the application of laws in the practice of epidemic prevention and control, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate selected cases that accounted for a large portion of cases, reflected many problems, and urgently required practical practices; they then issued ten batches of “Typical Cases of Crimes Obstructing the Prevention and Control of the New Coronary Pneumonia Epidemic by Procuratorial Organs across the Country”. This article is mainly based on the “Prosecutors across the country handle typical cases of crimes obstructing the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic in accordance with the law”, analyzing economic and property crimes, crimes that disrupt the order of social management, and crimes that endanger public safety.
Cryptocurrencies and crypto-assets in the Italian and EU perspective
Authors:   University of Rome Tor Vergata, Lener Raffaele
Published: June 2022

The article provides a first critical exam of the approach taken by EU Regulators and Courts regarding cryptoactivities. The purpose of this analysis is to see if a new European regulation on “encrypted” financial services will really be born. The analysis begins with the definition and regulation of Cryptocurrencies, the best of which are probably found in the opinions of supervisory and regulatory bodies. Italian courts dealing with this difficult subject show uncertainty among assets (beni), money (valuta), and financial products. Today the reflection of both Regulators and Courts is expanding from cryptocurrencies to the wider and even more indefinite area of the so-called crypto-assets. In this regard, the most recent and important element is given by the European Commission Proposal of September 24, 2020, concerning regulation of crypto-asset markets (Regulation on Markets in Crypto-assets, MiCA). The proposed regulation should apply to crypto-asset issuers, as well as to providers of crypto-asset services on the territory of the European Union. Also in this case, the definition of “cryptoasset” is crucial. New rules provide a fairly generic definition as “digital representations of value or rights that can be transferred or stored electronically using distributed ledger or similar technologies”. To obviate the vagueness of the definition, the only possibility seems to be moving by subtraction, i. e., listing a series of “tools” to which the proposed regulation does not apply, even though these may fall, in theory, in the broad definition of “crypto-asset”.
Origins of Leningrad (St Petersburg) school of psychology of aging in works of B.G.Ananiev and M.D.Alexandrova
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Strizhitskaya Olga
Published: June 2022

This article explores the origins and foundations of the Leningrad / Petersburg school of the psychology of aging. The historical perspective of the development of the ideas of the psychology of aging from the global trends that existed at the beginning of the 20th century is presented, the general prerequisites for the emergence of the Leningrad / Petersburg approach to understanding the aging process in general, as well as the basic principles of the Leningrad / Petersburg school of the psychology of aging that have arisen on their basis are shown. The world psychology of aging began with the deficit paradigm of aging, which accepts involutionary processes as the norm of ontogenesis. At the same time, developmental psychology did not perceive the aging period as a period of human development. B.G.Ananyev, having analyzed and systematized the existing data and views on human ontogenesis, put forward the idea of the integrity of human development and the continuity of processes. Based on these ideas, M. D.Alexandrova first empirically confirmed these ideas using the example of sensory-perceptual functions, and then expanded the area of her scientific interests to the human ability to work. These studies led her to the conviction that the aging period is a period with its own resources and potentials, the activation of which will depend not only on the current situation, but also on the previous period of development. She also demonstrated the ambiguity and variability of developmental periods. The work shows that the proposed ideas were not only advanced for their time, but in many ways were ahead of their time. It was shown that the main idea of the Leningrad / Petersburg school of psychology of aging can be characterized as a constructive — positive approach to understanding aging processes, focused on human potentials and resources. It was shown that the ideas suggested by B. G.Ananyev and M. D.Alexandrova, continue in the works of their students and followers, who share and develop these ideas.
The scientific and life path of the outstanding comparative psychologist N.A.Tikh
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Troshikhina Evgenia
Published: June 2022

The article explores the life and scientific work of Nina Aleksandrovna Tikh (1905–1983), an outstanding Russian zoopsychologist and comparative psychologist, and professor at Leningrad (St Petersburg) State University in 1951–1975. She followed V. A.Wagner, was a student of V. M.Borovsky, and was a colleague of N. Yu. Voitonis, N. N.Ladygina-Kots, G. Z.Roginsky, and M. F.Nesturkh. She made a significant contribution to the development of comparative psychology and zoopsychology. Tikh conducted observations and experiments on animals and birds; she published about fifty works, of which four are monographs. Tikh’s main areas of interest were the origin and development of human consciousness, thinking, speech, and social behavior. Most of all, she was engaged in the least developed problem of anthropogenesis: the history of the transformation of the herd life of human ancestors into the social life of people. For sixteen years Tikh studied the prehistory of social life, observing the herd life of apes in the Sukhumi Monkey Nursery, the medical and biological station of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Tikh concluded that living together in a herd would not have advantages over individual life without mutual help. The materials of these observations, their analysis, and an attempt to reconstruct the development of the hominid community from the herd life of animal human ancestors were included in the final monograph Prehistory of Society, which is a fundamental scientific work.
Resveratrol Ameliorates LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury Mouse Model
via Induction of Tristetraprolin
Authors: Sun Xiuzhen , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Guizuo , Zhang Dexin
Published: June 2022

Aim:

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether resveratrol has anti-inflammatory
effects on LPS-induced ALI via TTP enhancement.

Background:

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a syndrome of diffuse infammatory lung injury with increased
pulmonary edema and the rapid onset of hypoxemic respiratory failure. Resveratrol is a stilbenoid,
a form of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by a variety of plants in reaction to injury
or when they are attacked by pathogens like bacteria or fungi. Resveratrol exhibits a potent antiinflammatory
effect in LPS-induced ALI, while the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Objective:

Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a RNA binding protein that is an important endogenous inhibitor
of inflammation. The objective of the present study is to investigate whether resveratrol has anti-
inflammatory effects on LPS-induced ALI via TTP enhancement.

Methods:

Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups and intratracheally instilled
with 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce ALI.

Results:

LPS-induced lung pathological damage, lung edema, and neutrophil infiltration were reduced
by resveratrol pretreatment. Furthermore, resveratrol inhibited the LPS-induced rise in TNF-
α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in BAL fluids. In the LPS-challenged mouse's lung tissue, resveratrol
clearly boosted sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and TTP protein expression, while also increasing TTP expression
while reducing proinflammatory cytokines. EX527, on the other hand, reversed resveratrol's
effects.

Conclusion:

According to our findings, resveratrol attenuated pulmonary inflammation and lung
injury in mice with LPS‑induced ALI， at least partly correlated with promoting the activation of
SIRT1/TTP signaling pathway, highlighting these pathways as potential targets for intervention in
LPS -induced lung injury.
Homeodomain Interacting Protein Kinase 2-Modified Rat Spinal
Astrocytes Affect Neurofunctional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Shang Jingbo , Li Renbo , Han Jian , Chen Bo
Published: June 2022

Background:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is regarded as an acute neurological disorder, and
astrocytes play a role in the progression of SCI.

Objective:

Herein, we investigated the roles of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2)-
modified rat spinal astrocytes in neurofunctional recovery after SCI.

Methods:

Rat spinal astrocytes were cultured, isolated, and then identified through microscopic
observation and immunofluorescence staining. Astrocytes were infected with the adenovirus vector
overexpressing HIPK2 for modification, and proliferation and apoptosis of astrocytes were examined
using Cell Counting Kit-8 method and flow cytometry. SCI rat models were established and
treated with astrocytes or HIPK2-modified astrocytes. Subsequently, rat motor ability was analyzed
via the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and inclined-plane test, and the damage to spinal
cord tissues and neuronal survival were observed via Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining.
The levels of HIPK2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic
factor (GDNF), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-
related transcription factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway-related proteins
were detected.

Results:

Rat spinal astrocytes were harvested successfully. HIPK2 overexpression accelerated the
proliferation and repressed the apoptosis of rat spinal astrocytes. Rat spinal astrocytes treatment
increased BBB points and the maximum angle at which SCI rats remained stable, ameliorated damage
to spinal cord tissues, increased the number of neurons, and attenuated neural damage and inflammation,
while the treatment of HIPK2-modified rat spinal astrocytes imparted more pronounced
effects to the neurofunctional recovery of SCI rats. Meanwhile, HIPK2-modified rat spinal astrocytes
further activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway.

Conclusion:

HIPK2-modified rat spinal astrocytes facilitated neurofunctional recovery and activated
the Nrf2/ARE pathway after SCI.
Prenatal Learning and Memory: Review on the Impact of Exposure
Authors: Chamallamudi Mallikarjuna Rao , Kumar Nitesh , Kamath Sushmitha , Kumar Gautam , Vaishali K. , Sinha Mukesh Kumar , Amin Revati
Published: June 2022

Background:

Prenatal Learning is a topic still debated for its existence, although the concept is well known since ancient times.

Objective:

The present review highlights the impact of various stimuli on learning and memory in prenatal and postnatal life.

Method:

For review, various articles from preclinical and clinical studies providing early pieces of evidence of prenatal learning to date were included based on the relevancy of the databases, namely, Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar.

Results:

Learning is the process of acquiring skills/ preferences/ habits from the experiences of the exposures of the past. These exposures are the stimuli, which help in categorizing learning into as-sociated or nonassociated learning. The stimuli of adults related to auditory, gustatory, olfactory, visual, touch, etc. are also accessible to the prenatal life in utero either directly or indirectly through the mother. The effects of these stimuli are remarkable during prenatal life and can be seen clearly in infants. These stimuli play an important role in prenatal learning and contribute to neuronal de-velopment. The present review summarizes the pieces of evidence for each of these types of learn-ing & their impact on the ex utero life, a futuristic view & the scope of understanding prenatal learning. The review also elucidates the factors affecting prenatal learning.

Conclusion:

Studies from clinical and preclinical studies reflected the impacts of several aspects of an infant’s life and the memory created during prenatal life was found to be most likely carried on to postnatal life.
Glucosamine Sulphate Potassium Chloride in the Management of
Osteoarthritis- Considering Emulgel Dosage Form: A Review
Authors: Rao Komal , Minocha Neha
Published: June 2022

Background:

In addition to lifestyle, diet, environmental, and physiological factors, genetics
also contributes to an increase in mitochondrial vulnerability. With depression, the hypothalamic,
pituitary, and adrenal (HPA) axis are overactive, which is linked to higher CNS glucocorticoid
levels. In recent years, topical drug delivery has been used on a priority basis compared to other
drug delivery systems because of its specific site action and sustained release capacity. An emulsion
gel is prepared by an emulsion incorporated into a gel by a gelling agent. Glucosamine Sulphate Potassium
Chloride (GSPC) is used to treat osteoarthritis. It does this by increasing the production of
proteoglycans, which can cause the cartilage to break down.

Objectives:

The aim behind choosing the glucosamine sulphate potassium chloride for the management
of Osteoarthritis (OA) is that it has many clinical investigations and has topical properties
which are effective against osteoarthritis.

Method:

Osteoarthritis is a prevalent rheumatic musculoskeletal disorder. It is a pervasive disorder
affecting people worldwide and can affect any joint, mainly the knees, hips, spine, and hand joints.
The review is based on many studies extracted from Google Scholar, Google Patents, etc. Data from
other sources were gathered to do further research on osteoarthritis.

Result:

Extensive literature was studied about Glucosamine Sulphate Potassium Chloride. It has
been shown that GSPC is effective against osteoarthritis, and also, some patents regarding GSPC
have a therapeutic effect on making our joints healthy.

Conclusion:

Topical formulations are widely used for better patient compliance, and emulgel is a
good choice regarding viscosity and spreadability. GSPC is effective against osteoarthritis; many
clinical studies have evidence of this.