bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition and paradoxical choice
Authors: González Valeria V. , Blaisdell Aaron P.
Published: May 2023

The present study evaluated the role of inhibition in paradoxical choice in pigeons. In a paradoxical choice procedure, pigeons receive a choice between two alternatives. Choosing the “suboptimal” alternative is followed 20% of the time by one cue (the S+) that is always reinforced, and 80% of the time by another cue (S-) that is never reinforced. Thus, this alternative leads to an overall reinforcement rate of 20%. Choosing the “optimal” alternative, however, is followed by one of two cues (S3 or S4), each reinforced 50% of the time. Thus, this alternative leads to an overall reinforcement rate of 50%. González and Blaisdell (2021) reported that development of paradoxical choice was positively correlated to the development of inhibition to the S- (signal that no food will be delivered on that trial) post-choice stimulus. The current experiment tested the hypothesis that inhibition to a post-choice stimulus is causally related to suboptimal preference. Following acquisition of suboptimal preference, pigeons received two manipulations: in one condition one of the cues in the optimal alternative (S4) was extinguished and, in another condition, the S- cue was partially reinforced. When tested on the choice task afterward, both manipulations resulted in a decrement in suboptimal preference. This result is paradoxical given that both manipulations made the suboptimal alternative the richer option. We discuss the implications of our results, arguing that inhibition of a post-choice cue increases attraction to or value of that choice.
Kajian Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Penerapan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Di PT. Mitra Metal Perkasa
Authors: Palahudin Dede
Published: May 2023

Perlindungan tenaga kerja di bidang keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja menjadi prioritas utama perusahan yang tidak bisa diabaikan, namun pada kenyataannya masih banyak perusahaan yang belum melaksanakan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dengan baik, padahal keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja bagian dari mandat atau amanah UU. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Kajian Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di PT. Mitra Metal Perkasa. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan diatas tentang kajian ekonomi syariah terhadap penerapan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di PT. Mitra Metal Perkasa adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Menjaga Agama (hifz al-din) dipraktekan dalam bentuk: a). Fasilitas ibadah (masjid) memadai dan bersih, b). Tempat wudhu yang memadai dan layak pakai, c). Perlengkapan shalat memadai, bersih, dan layak pakai, d). Pengeras suara di masjid memadai, akan tetapi masih terdapat penggulungan kabel yang belum rapi, e). Air wudhu dan toiler bersih dan memadai digunakan; 2) Menjaga Jiwa (hifz al-nafs) dipraktekan dalam bentuk: a). Setiap karyawan wajib memakai masker, karena bau tinta, b). Topi pet dipakai karyawan khusus yang bekerja di tempat low extreme, c). Topi Helm dipakai karyawan khusus yang tempat kerjanya rawan kecelakaan kerja dan banyak berhubungan dengan material beban berat, d). Sarung tangan digunakan oleh karyawan yang bekerja di lingkungan atau tempat yang panas, e). Setiap karyawan wajib memakai wearpack, f). Setiap karyawan wajib memakai sepatu safety; 3) Menjaga Akal (hifz al-aql) dipraktekan dalam bentuk: a). Training awal masuk, b). Training keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, c). Training hanya teori tidak dibarengi dengan praktek, d). Upgrading Penanganan kecelakaan dan kesehatan kerja; 4) Menjaga Keturunan (hifz al-nasl) dipraktekan dalam bentuk: a). Tunjangan kesehatan dan Ketenagakerjaan, b). Tunjangan hari raya, c). Tunjangan akhir tahun; 5) Menjaga Harta (hifz al-maal) dipraktekan dalam bentuk: a). Gaji sesuai UMR, b). Bonus akhir tahun.
Strategi Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Bermasalah pada Akad Murabahah bil Wakalah di BMT Purwakarta Amanah Sejahtera
Authors: Sodik Muhammad , Ali Sopian Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Pembiayaan bermasalah merupakan salah satu resiko pembiayaan yang tidak dapat dihindari oleh Lembaga Keuangan Syariah termasuk BMT. Apabila pembiayaan bermasalah tidak segera diselesaikan tentu akan berdampak buruk hingga mengakibatkan kerugian pada pihak BMT. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor penyebab terjadinya pembiayaan bermasalah akad Murabahah bil Wakalah di BMT PAS dan strategi penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah yang dilakukan oleh BMT PAS. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dimana pengumpulan sumber data melalui wawancara dan observasi lapangan serta studi dokumentasi yang berkaitan dengan penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penyebab pembiayaan bermasalah di BMT PAS berasal dari faktor internal BMT dan faktor eksternal dari kesalahan anggota pembiayaan. Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Bermasalah dengan melakukan mitigasi risiko diawal dengan selalu memperhatikan prinsip 5K yaitu Karakter (Character), Kapasitas (Capacity), kapital (Capital), Kolateral (Collateral) dan Kondisi (Condition). Strategi penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah dilakukan dengan penagihan berulang, melalui musyawarah dengan pendekatan persuasif atau kekeluargaan, dan penghapusan piutang meliputi hapus buku dan hapus tagih.
Pengelompokan pembagian zakat dengan menggunakan metode clustering k-means
Authors: Alvin Anzaz Islami Alvin , Haerani Elin , Novriyanto  , Nazir Alwis
Published: May 2023

Zakat is a worship that involves property. Zakat is also included in the fourth pillar of Islam which has the aim of purifying the assets of every Muslim by setting aside a portion of his wealth, if it has reached the time and the amount is given to those who are entitled to receive it. The collection and distribution of zakat is usually handled by the Amil Zakat Agency (BAZ) in every region of Indonesia, one of which is in Pekanbaru. In accordance with the regulations, there are two stages in providing assistance to mustahik, namely conducting interviews and field observations, then determining the nominal amount of assistance given to the Mustahik category of recipients of zakat 1, zakat 2, and zakat 3. Problems that are often encountered in determining potential recipients assistance is a way of selecting Mustahik which still uses the manual method, so that it often causes problems such as the length of the selection process and the occurrence of miscalculations so that the results of Mustahik's selection become inaccurate. For that, it is necessary to create analysis that can process data into information. Data mining is a process for processing data into information using statistical techniques, AI, and machine learning. There are many methods in data mining. In this study using the k-means clustering and for testinguse Davies Bouldin Index. based on testing using the davies bouldin index (DBI) cluster 4 is the best cluster with a value of 0.671, where the lower the value, the better the cluster.
Effect of Semont maneuver and Brandt-Daroff exercises on Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-Haryana, India, Sheetal  , Punia Sonu ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-Haryana, India, Singh Varun ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-Haryana, India, Joshi Shabnam ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-Haryana, India, Boora Mamta ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-Haryana, India
Published: May 2023

Objective. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of single session of Semont maneuver and Brand Daroff exercises in treatment of BPPV. Methods. This controlled single blinded randomized control trial (RCT) approved by “IEC, GJUS&T, Hisar” on vide letter no. PTY/2022/155 dated on 21/04/2022. 30 patients (18 years of age and above) of posterior semicircular canal BPPV divided into two groups; Group 1 (N=16) was intervention group treated with Semont maneuver & Brandt-Daroff exercises and Group 2 (N=14) was control group in which Brandt-Daroff exercises were given. Subjects were diagnosed with the help of Dix-Hallpike maneuver, visual vertigo analysis scale, questionnaire for self-diagnosis of BPPV and dizziness handicap inventory score. Paired t-test was used to compare data within groups and unpaired t-test was used to compare data between intervention and control group. Results. VAS and total DHI scores at the start of the study were not statistically significant (p=0.28, p=0.80, respectively) between the treatment group and control group. VAS and DHI scores statistically significantly improved after the intervention in group 1 (VAS 6.75±.68, p<0.001; Total-DHI =42.87±8.69; p<0.001). On the other hand, in the group 2, no significant difference was observed (VAS 1.21±.68, p=0.56; Total-DHI =2.29±8.69; p=.67). In addition, significant improvements were observed in VAS and total DHI scores in patients who underwent the Semont maneuver and Brandt-Daroff compared to those in the group 2 (p<0.01, p<0.01, respectively). Conclusion. Semont maneuver and Brandt Daroff exercises are safe and more effective in treatment of BPPV in majority of patient.
Benefits and drawbacks of current copper chelators in Wilson disease
Authors:   Neurology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Lupescu Ioan-Cristian ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Iacob Maria Speranta ,   Gastroenterology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Iacob Razvan ,   Gastroenterology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Anghel Daniela ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Dulamea Octavia Adriana ,   Neurology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Vilciu Crisanda ,   Neurology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gheorghe Liliana ,   Gastroenterology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2023

Background. Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal-recessive disorder of copper metabolism, caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, which codes for a membrane-bound copper-binding ATPase. This leads to progressive copper accumulation in the liver, with hepatic injury and subsequent copper release into the blood. Aim. To analyze the efficacy and side-effects of the current copper chelating agents used in treatment of Wilson disease. Material and methods. Retrospective study of 37 adult patients diagnosed with Wilson disease at the Gastroenterology and Neurology Departments of Fundeni Clinical Institute between 2012-2017. Patients were grouped into three categories: (a) those with isolated liver disease, (b) those with isolated neurologic (or psychiatric) involvement and (c) those with both liver and neurologic involvement. Results. There were 54% females (n=20). Mean age at diagnosis was 23 ± 10 years-old. Liver cirrhosis was diagnosed in 54% of cases. Neurologic involvement was described in 65% of patients. Dysarthria was the most common neurologic feature (43%), followed by Parkinsonism (41%). D-Penicillamine was used as initial treatment in 89% of patients, but was interrupted in 27% of them (n=9) due to its adverse reactions. Keyser-Fleischer rings were absent in a significant proportion (40%) of patients with neurologic involvement. Both Trientine and D-Penicillamine were associated with improved or stationary liver fibrosis, however results were slightly better for Trientine. D-Penicillamine appeared to be a better option than Trientine in patients with neurologic involvement. Conclusions. Based on our study, we recommend treatment with D-Penicillamine as first-line therapy in patients with neurologic involvement. However, due to the frequent side-effects of D-Penicillamine, Trientine could be considered first line treatment in patients with isolated hepatic involvement.
Antimicrobial Activity of Cosmos caudatus Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Authors: Mohd Nizam Yusof  , Faeiza Buyong  , Wan Nur Afifah Wan Azmi
Published: May 2023

Malaysia is known for its richness in ecosystem including medicinal plants and herbs. The use of traditional herbs for medical purposes has been practiced for ages without any proper understanding on how they work. This study aims to produce extract from the leaves of Cosmos caudatus (Ulam Raja) and to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the produced extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Ethanolic Soxhlet extraction was carried out to obtain the leaves extract. Product from extraction process was subsequently tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test to determine its inhibitory effects against S. aureus and E. coli. Finally, the bioactive compounds in extracts were profiled using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Findings showed ethanol is suitable to be used in obtaining extract from the leaves of C. caudatus. The extract produced was dark green and was able to inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. The size of inhibition zones ranging from 22 to 24 mm. The zones of inhibition produced by C. caudatus extract in this study are comparable to commercial antiseptic tested simultaneously in the experiment. Analysis of extract using GC-MS revealed several bioactive compounds including palmitic acid, stigmasterol, phytol and neophytadiene These compounds are well known for their medicinal and therapeutic properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidants and antitumor. Additionally, these bioactive compounds are commonly used as ingredients in commercial antiseptics and disinfectants. This study therefore has proven the medicinal properties of C. caudatus. Findings from this study can be used to develop plant-based pharmaceutical products which are cheaper, safer, and more environmentally friendly.
Energy Spectrum of Solar Energetic Electron Events over 25 Years
Authors: Wang 王 Wen 雯 , Wang 王 Linghua 玲华 , Krucker Säm , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F.
Published: May 2023

We investigate the peak flux energy spectrum of 458 solar energetic electron (SEE) events with a clear velocity dispersion detected at energies from ≤4.2 to ≥108 keV by Wind/3DP from 1994 December through 2019 December, utilizing a pan-spectrum fitting method. According to the fitted spectral parameters, these 458 events are self-consistently classified into five spectral types: 304 downward double-power-law (DDPL) events, 32 upward double-power-law (UDPL) events, 23 single-power-law (SPL) events, 44 Ellison–Ramaty (ER) events, and 55 logarithmic–parabola (LP) events. The DDPL events can be further divided into two types: 231

DDPL

E
B

≥
20
keV

events and 73

DDPL

E
B

<
20
keV

events, since their break energy E

B
exhibits a double-peak distribution separated by a dip at ∼20 keV. The

DDPL

E
B

<
20
keV

(

DDPL

E
B

≥
20
keV

) events show a power-law spectral index of

2.0

−
0.2

+
0.2

(

2.1

−
0.3

+
0.3

) at energies below

E

B

=

5.6

−
2.4

+
2.3

(

61

−
12

+
23

) keV and an index of

3.3

−
0.3

+
0.5

(

3.9

−
0.7

+
0.6

) at energies above. The UDPL events have a spectral index of

3.0

−
0.3

+
0.3

at energies below

E

B

=

5.1

−
1.8

+
4.2

keV and an index of

2.2

−
0.3

+
0.2

at energies above. The SPL events exhibit a spectral index of

2.8

−
0.2

+
0.5

. The ER events show a spectral index of

1.9

−
0.3

+
0.3

at energies below

E
c

=

31

−
11

+
19

keV. The LP events are characterized by a spectral slope of

1.8

−
0.3

+
0.4

(

3.6

−
0.5

+
0.7

) at 2.8 keV (108 keV). The six spectral types also behave differently in the relationship between spectral parameters and in solar cycle variations. The spectral shape of most SEE events appears to be unrelated to the estimated electron path lengths. These results suggest that the formation of SEE events can involve complex processes/sources.
Measurements of the Crab Pulsar’s Giant Radio Pulse Amplitude Power-law Index Using Low-frequency Arecibo and Green Bank Telescope Observations
Authors: Crawford Fronefield , W. Lazio T. Joseph , McEwen Alexander , Deneva Julia S. , Cordes James M. , Spitler Laura , Trainor Ryan F.
Published: May 2023

We report two low-frequency measurements of the power-law index for the amplitudes of giant radio pulses from the Crab pulsar. The two observations were taken with the Arecibo and Green Bank radio telescopes at center frequencies of 327 MHz and 350 MHz, respectively. We find best-fit values for the differential power-law index β (where

dN

/

dS
∝

S

β

and S is the pulse amplitude) of −2.63 ± 0.05 and −3.6 ± 0.5 from the Arecibo and Green Bank data sets, respectively. Both values are broadly consistent with other values previously measured for the Crab pulsar at low radio frequencies. These reported values may be useful in future giant pulse studies of the Crab pulsar.
CLEAR: Survey Overview, Data Analysis, and Products
Authors: Simons Raymond C. , Papovich Casey , Momcheva Ivelina G. , Brammer Gabriel , Estrada-Carpenter Vicente , Finkelstein Steven L. , Gosmeyer Catherine M. , Matharu Jasleen , Trump Jonathan R. , Backhaus Bren E. , Cheng Yingjie , Cleri Nikko J. , Ferguson Henry C. , Finlator Kristian , Giavalisco Mauro , Ji Zhiyuan , Jung Intae , Lotz Jennifer M. , O’Brien Rosalia , Skelton Rosalind E. , Tilvi Vithal , Weiner Benjamin
Published: May 2023

We present an overview of the CANDELS Lyα Emission At Reionization (CLEAR) survey. CLEAR is a 130 orbit program of the Hubble Space Telescope using the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) IR G102 grism. CLEAR targets 12 pointings divided between the GOODS-N and GOODS-S fields of the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). Combined with existing spectroscopic data from other programs, the full CLEAR data set includes spectroscopic imaging of these fields over 0.8–1.7 μm. In this paper, we describe the CLEAR survey, the survey strategy, the data acquisition, reduction, processing, and science products and catalogs released alongside this paper. The catalogs include emission line fluxes and redshifts derived from the combination of the photometry and grism spectroscopy for 6048 galaxies, primarily ranging from 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 3. We also provide an overview of CLEAR’s science goals and results. In conjunction with this paper we provide links to electronic versions of the data products, including 1D+2D extracted spectra and emission line maps.
Data-driven Uncertainty Quantification of the Wave Telescope Technique: General Equations and Demonstration Using HelioSwarm
Authors: Broeren T. , Klein K. G.
Published: May 2023

The upcoming NASA mission HelioSwarm will use nine spacecraft to make the first simultaneous multipoint measurements of space plasmas spanning multiple scales. Using the wave telescope technique, HelioSwarm’s measurements will allow for both the calculation of the power in wavevector and frequency space and the characterization of the associated dispersion relations of waves present in the plasma at MHD and ion-kinetic scales. This technique has been applied to the four-spacecraft Cluster and Magnetospheric Multiscale missions, and its effectiveness has previously been characterized in a handful of case studies. We expand this uncertainty quantification analysis to arbitrary configurations of four through nine spacecraft for three-dimensional plane waves. We use Bayesian inference to learn equations that approximate the error in reconstructing the wavevector as a function of relative wavevector magnitude, spacecraft configuration shape, and number of spacecraft. We demonstrate the application of these equations to data drawn from a nine-spacecraft configuration to both improve the accuracy of the technique, as well as expand the magnitudes of wavevectors that can be characterized.
The Behavior of Bp Si Stars in the Far UV—Paper V: HD 92664
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: May 2023

The analysis of spectra of the B8 Si-rich HD 92664 recorded by the SWP camera on board the International Ultraviolet Explorer reveals variations of the far-ultraviolet spectral energy distribution shortwards of 1700 Å over a time interval of about 2 months. In contrast, the mid-UV flux does not vary which suggests that changes of the silicon continuous and line opacity are the cause of the variations. The iron-peak elements, chromium, manganese and iron play a lesser role than silicon in these variations. Phased on previous ephemeris, the FUV minimum occurs at the rotational phase, ϕ = 0.0, which corresponds to maximum light in the V-band and minimum longitudinal magnetic field.
Looking for the “Blue Bump” in the Early Light Curve of SN Ia using an Open Supernovae Catalog
Authors: Duston Christopher L , Santos Bernardo
Published: May 2023

In this study we used archival supernova data from a publicly available database to look for a blue excess in the early light curves of SN Ia. This blue excess represents a simple proposed method to differentiate between single- and double-degenerate formation scenarios. Our search found 2 candidates out of 40 SN Ia, and including selection effects implies an upper limit of ∼50% of the supernovae in the sample originated in a binary with a non-degenerate companion.
Standardization of the catch per swept area (CPUA) for direct stock assessment cruises of nylon shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi) (1998-2006)
Authors: Canales Cristian , Arana Patricio M.
Published: May 2023

This work analyzes the operational data of direct stock assessment cruises carried out on nylon shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi) off the central coast of Chile between 1998 and 2006. These data were modeled using the product of the expected CPUA (catch per unit area) for hauls with catch and the probability of catch (that is, catch greater than zero) to estimate the CPUA. A generalized linear model was applied; the model used four effects as factors: year, zone, depth layer, and year-zone interaction. The results showed that the year was the most relevant effect, followed by the year-zone interaction for each model analyzed. The effects of the year of the assessment and the probability of catch showed sustained growth during the study period. The interaction effect showed growth in the shrimp population mainly from Valparaiso southward. Moreover, we found that shrimp abundance was related positively to the probability of catch and inversely to the area of aggregation of the population. Finally, the discrepancy found between the analyzed abundance indexes and the biomass (particularly north of 32°S) due to the geomorphological characteristics of the sea floor and the diverse methodological criteria used in the "swept-area" assessment of this species leads us to we recommend CPUA modeling as the best option for obtaining a relative abundance index comparable over time and space.
Food habits of the lane snapper, Lutjanus synagris (Perciformes: Lutjanidae), in the north zone of the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Doncel Oscar , Paramo Jorge
Published: May 2023

This work describes the food habits of Lutjanus synagris by means of stomach content analysis, considering the trophic spectrum in general as well as by sex and size, the ecological aspects of the preys, their spatial distribution, and the relationship of the diet with the habitat conditions. In the analysis of 148 stomachs 45.3% were found to be full and 54.7% empty. The most representative preys (%N) were: Portunus spp. (27.3 %; n = 44) and Squilla intermedia (10.6%; n = 17), whereas the gravimetric analysis (%P) showed the heaviest preys to be Gastropoda (31.8%; 51.74 g) and Farfantepenaeus spp. (17.5%; 28.52 g). The frequency of occurrence (%FO) showed that Portunus spp. (25.4%; 17 stomachs) and S. intermedia (10.5%; 7 stomachs) were the most frequent preys. According to the IRI (%), Portunus spp. (43.01%) and Gastropoda (13.38%) were the most representative categories. The diet of L. synagris was found to consist of four types of main preys: Portunidae (837.06), Gastropod (260.29), Squillidae (234.66), and Penaeidae (218.05); and two types of secondary preys: Sicyoniidae (126.35) and Trichiuridae (75.64); with all others being incidental preys. The spatial distribution of the breadth of the trophic niche and the size of L. synagris allowed us to identify two zones. The first, between Riohacha and Dibulla, had the highest niche breadth values (0.64-1.00), denoting generalist predators, and the smallest specimens of L. synagris. The second zone, between Riohacha and Punta Gallinas, had the lowest niche breath values (0.00-0.23), indicating a high degree of dietary specialization, and the largest-sized individuals.
Reproducción y dinámica poblacional de Cheirodon interruptus (Ostariophysi: Characidae) en el arroyo El Portugués, alta cuenca del río Samborombón, Argentina
Authors: Del Mónaco Carlos , Noriega Nicida , Narciso Samuel
Published: May 2023

The coral reefs of Morrocoy National Park are currently deteriorated. After the massive mortality of 1996, Acropora palmata has shown some signs of recovery, a process that could be hampered by Coralliophila. We observed only three colonies of A. palmata in an entire reef in Cayo Sombrero. In July 2005, these colonies registered Coralliophila abbreviata densities of 4, 0, and 2 ind/col and Coralliophila caribaea densities of 22, 14, and 0 ind/col; in January 2006, said densities were 8, 0, and 4 ind/col (C. abbreviate) and 22, 14, and 0 ind/col (C. caribaea). Four sites of damage (two per predator) were observed in the three colonies. In one colony, C. abbreviata caused a loss of tissue of 66.14 to 162.85 cm2, indicating a predation rate of 0.52 cm2 day-1. In the other colony, the damage ranged from 37.41 to 72.50 cm2, with a predation rate of 0.19 cm2 day-1. The areas damaged by C. caribaea did not show any change. The high density and predation rate of Coralliophila likely affected the recovery of the scant specimens of A. palmata in Morrocoy National Park.
The Patagonian scallop fishing grounds in shelf break frontal areas: the non assessed benthic fraction
Authors: Sánchez María De los Ángeles , Giberto Diego , Schejter Laura , Bremec Claudia
Published: May 2023

In this study, a Picard dredge was used to sample the benthic community in shelf break frontal areas off Argentina in order to detect species that could be sensitive to fishing activities but are not usually caught during the annual monitoring of Patagonian scallop and associated fauna. The present results show at least 62 taxa not reported previously as components of the benthos in the scallop grounds that are potentially subjected to trawling disturbance.
Influence of riverine outputs on sandy beaches of Higuerote, central coast of Venezuela
Authors: Herrera Antonio , Bone David
Published: May 2023

The influence of riverine outputs from the Tuy River on the coastal processes of near sandy beaches was assessed by measuring the physical and chemical characteristics of water and sediment samples at eight sites along the north central Venezuelan coast and from the rivers that flow through this region into the sea (Tuy, Capaya, Curiepe) during two field surveys. In addition, the behavior of the Tuy River discharge plume was evaluated using remote sensors, and its effect on the population abundance and size structure of the clam Tivela mactroides was determined. Of the three rivers evaluated, the Tuy River had the highest impact on the coastal zone (789.15 ± 190.63 km2) in terms of flow rate (246.39 m3 s-1), nutrients (659.61 ± 503.27 g s-1 total nitrogen; 52 ± 53.09 g s-1 total phosphorus) and sedimentary material (9320.84 ± 9728.15 g s-1). The variables measured (salinity, total nitrogen and phosphorus, pH, turbidity, and total organic carbon) showed a spatial gradient along the coast. Tivela mactroides had the highest biomass and density (9126.8 ± 1562 g m-2; 9222.22 ± 1976.72 ind m-2) at the sites farthest from the river mouths and smaller sizes (< 13 mm long) at sites close to the river mouths. The Tuy River plume modifies the functioning of the coastal system processes by discharging large amounts of nutrients and sedimentary material into the water column, which are then distributed by marine currents and alongshore transport. These contributions are used by T. mactroides populations, which show high abundances and differentiation in size structure along this coastline.
Comparative study of the estimated sample size for benthic intertidal species and communities
Authors: Barbiero Danielle C. , Macedo Isabela M. , Pereira Masi Bruno , Zalmon Ilana R.
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the minimum sample size for studies of community structure and/or dominant species at different heights of a rocky intertidal zone at Rio de Janeiro. Community structure indicators suggested a variation in the minimum surface of 100 to 800 cm2, with a minimum of 2 to 8 profiles and at least 20 to 80 quadrant sampling points, depending on the height. Indicators of species abundance suggest 100 cm2 for Hypnea musciformis and 400 cm2 for Ulva fasciata, Phragmatopoma lapidosa Kinberg, (1867) and Gymnogongrus griffthsiae at lower heights; 200 cm2 for Chthamalus spp. at intermediate heights; and 800 cm2 for Littorina ziczac at the greatest height. In general, seven to eight profiles and 10 to 20 sampling points were used. Different sample sizes were related to the abundance and spatial distributions of individual species, which varied at each intertidal height according to the degree of environmental stress.
Enhancement of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in juvenile brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes, 1900), fed β-1.3 glucan vitamin E, and β-carotene and infected with white spot syndrome virus
Authors: Pacheco Rosario , Ascencio Felipe , Zarain Martha , Gómez Gracia , Campa Ángel
Published: May 2023

The effect of dietary β-1.3-glucan, vitamin E, and β-carotene supplements in juvenile brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis, inoculated with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was evaluated. Groups of 30 organisms (weighing 1 ± 0.5 g) were cultured in 60 L fiberglass tanks and fed daily with β-1.3- glucan (0.1%), vitamin E (0.01%), and β-carotene (0.01%) for 23 days; the specimens were then inoculated with WSSV. The antioxidant activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined in the hepatopancreas and muscle at 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after inoculation. Shrimp fed with β1.3-glucan, vitamin E, and β-carotene significantly increased SOD activity in the hepatopancreas and muscle at 12 and 24 h post-infection, respectively. Shrimp fed with vitamin E and β-1.3-glucan registered an increment in SOD activity from 12 to 48 h post-infection. Shrimp fed with β-carotene increased SOD activity before infection with WSSV, and shrimp fed with β-1.3-glucan and vitamin E increased CAT activity, also before infection. The CAT activity response in shrimp muscle increased with respect to the control group for all treatments tested from 1 to 6 h after inoculation with WSSV. The highest antioxidant response was registered in shrimp fed with vitamin E. Juvenile shrimp fed with vitamin E and later inoculated with WSSV registered 100% mortality at 72 h, but shrimp fed with β-1.3-glucan and β-carotene showed greater resistance to WSSV, with mortality at 144 h post-infection. This study demonstrated the capacity of juvenile Farfantepenaeus californiensis fed β-1.3-glucan, vitamin E, or β-carotene to increase the antioxidant response before and after viral infection.
Where are the juveniles of the gray sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea?
Authors: Aquino-Souza Rosana , Gomes-Filho José Gerardo Ferreira
Published: May 2023

The sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 is distributed from Florida (USA) to southern Brazil. Juveniles of this species are very hardly found in the wild. H. (H.) grisea is very common on sandstone reefs in some localities from the northern coast of Brazil. Because seagrass beds are a conspicuous feature in some of these localities, the authors have speculated that juveniles live in these habitats. Following this species' reproduction period, seagrass beds adjacent to sandstone reefs were inspected in search of juveniles from December to May. Sea cucumbers were found in one of them. Individuals were collected from two areas within the seagrass bed and two areas within neighboring rocky shores, and their contracted body lengths were measured. Mean sizes were significantly smaller in the seagrass areas than in reef areas (post-hoc Tuckey test, P < 0.05). Within the seagrass bed, more than 70% of individuals were smaller than 7.5 cm, whereas 84.9 and 93.3% in the two reef areas were larger than 7.5 cm -the first report of an H. (H.) grisea population dominated by juveniles. Therefore, seagrass meadows should be looked at as possible sources of juveniles for adult populations of H. (H.) grisea in the tropical western Atlantic. Also, given the rarity of juvenile sightings for this species anywhere within its distribution range, the results are very meaningful for future research on its ecology and local and regional fishery management.
Metabolic and osmoionic effects of the recombinant crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (rCHH-A) of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei on specimens acutely exposed to extreme salinities
Authors: Balderas-González Verónica , Ponce-Rivas Elizabeth , Díaz Fernando , Camacho-Jiménez Laura , Sánchez-Castrejón Edna , Aguilar Manuel B.
Published: May 2023

The crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) is a multifunctional neuropeptide that plays a central role in crustacean metabolism and physiology. Experiments were conducted to examine the metabolic and osmoionic capabilities of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei injected with its recombinant CHH-A (rCHH-A) peptide and acutely transferred from iso- (26 ppt) to hypo- (10 ppt) and hyper-osmotic (40 ppt) conditions. Hemolymph glucose, protein, osmoregulatory capacity (OC), and ionoregulatory capacity (IC) for sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium were evaluated at four post-injection times (0.5, 1, 2, and 24 h). The rCHH-A peptide had hyperglycemic activity in all salinity conditions, obtaining maximum values at 1 h post-injection. However, in shrimp transferred to hyper-osmotic condition, rCHH-A caused the most significant reductions in OC (2 h), chloride IC (2 h), and total proteins (0.5-2 h) compared to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control. Contrastingly, in shrimp transferred to hypo-osmotic conditions, rCHH-A decreased OC significantly from 2-24 h, strongly decreased chloride and potassium IC at 1 h post-injection, and increased total protein concentration in the hemolymph (1-2 h) when compared to PBS control. Concerning calcium, the rCHH-A injection decreased calcium IC at 10 ppt (1 h) and 26 ppt (2 h), providing insight into a potential role for CHH-A in calcium regulation. The results suggest that glucose and protein mobilization could enhance energy for osmo-ionic regulation under extreme osmotic conditions. This research study contributed to understanding crustacean endocrinology in P. vannamei and related euryhaline crustaceans. Further research should be performed to understand the osmo- and ionoregulatory mechanisms of the different CHH variants in crustaceans exposed to other stress conditions and the relationship with intermediary energy metabolism regulation.
New records of Bramidae in Chilean waters: the sickle pomfret (Taractichthys steindachneri) and the rough pomfret (Taractes asper)
Authors: Carvalho Filho Alfredo , Wiff Rodrigo , Milessi Andrés C. , Flores Andrés
Published: May 2023

Artisanal fisheries in center-southern Chile targeted a large amount of southern ray bream (Brama australis), whereas other species of Bramidae are negligible in the catches. During a small-scale fishing trip targeting B. australis off the coast of Lebu Harbour (38ºS) in August 2021, two specimens of other Bramidae species were also caught, but the fishermen did not identify them. The first corresponded to a sickle pomfret, Taractichthys steindachneri, the first record of the species in Chilean waters. The second specimen corresponded to the rough pomfret, Taractes asper, already reported from the Chilean coast, but with only one previous record from the eighties. We discussed how the occurrence of T. steindachneri and T. asper provide insights regarding the B. australis demography in the south Pacific.
Variations in the concentration of free amino acids during the early development of the Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru
Authors: Peña Renato , Moguel-Hernández Ivette , García-Aguilar Noemí
Published: May 2023

The free amino acids (FAAs) profile and its variations during the embryonic development and yolk-sac larvae of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru are described. The concentration of 15 FAAs (nine essentials and six non-essentials) was evaluated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The fertilized eggs of L. peru contain a small concentration of FAAs (4.77 ± 0.89 nmol ind-1). However, the variations in the FAAs pool during the early development are similar to the changes reported in other species with small pelagic eggs. The essential free amino acids are more abundant than the non-essential free amino acids throughout the studied period. During the egg stage, an increase in the FAAs was observed, and after hatching, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, and alanine were the FAAs that decreased the most during the yolk-sac larvae stage. The hatching rate was correlated with the total FAAs, the fraction of essential free amino acids, and the concentrations of glutamic acid, threonine, and valine in the egg stage, suggesting a possible role as a determinant in egg quality. Further studies are required to assess the role of FAAs in other aspects of egg development, like fertilization rate and egg buoyancy.
Evaluation of the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton using microscopy and CHEMTAX in Todos Santos Bay (Baja California, México) during 2017-2018
Authors: Ramírez-Altamirano Yessica Lizbeth , González-Silvera Adriana , López-Calderón Jorge , Santamaria-del-Angel Eduardo
Published: May 2023

This study analyzes the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton biomass and taxonomic composition in the surface waters of Todos Santos Bay, a semi-enclosed bay within the upwelling zone of the Baja California peninsula (México). Two methodological approaches (microscopy and chemotaxonomy [CHEMTAX]) were used to describe the variability of some genera and species (observed under the microscope) and the importance of those groups that cannot be observed microscopically. Phytoplankton biomarker pigments were measured with high-resolution liquid chromatography and used as input to run the CHEMTAX software to determine the contribution of the main phytoplankton groups to chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The microscopic analyses showed that diatoms and dinoflagellates comprised 65 and 33% of the total cells, respectively. Dinoflagellates were most abundant in the inner bay and during cold months; the most frequent and abundant genera were Tripos, Protoperidinium, and Prorocentrum. Among diatoms, the most frequent genera were Cylindrotheca, Guinardia, Navicula, Pseudo-nitzschia, and Chaetoceros. CHEMTAX indicated that, together with diatoms, the flagellates prymnesiophytes and chlorophytes contributed a median of 80% to Chl-a, with chlorophytes as the most important group (29.9%). The high contribution of these flagellates suggests that they are represented by small-sized cells not visible by the light microscopy used. However, CHEMTAX largely underestimated the contribution of dinoflagellates (due to the presence of many mixotrophic species). Hence, our results emphasize the importance of using both techniques for a more detailed evaluation of the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton in this and other coastal regions.
A revision of the hover fly genus Amphoterus Bezzi, 1915 (Diptera, Syrphidae) with the description of one new species
Authors: Midgley John , Bellingan Terence , Jordaens Kurt
Published: May 2023

Amphoterus Bezzi, 1915 is a genus of rarely collected Afrotropical hover flies (Diptera, Syrphidae). We present the first description of the female of A. braunsi van Doesburg, 1956, redescribe the males of A. braunsi van Doesburg, 1956 and A. cribratus Bezzi, 1915, and describe a new species, A. londtisp. nov. We also provide the first colour photographs of two of the species, the first DNA barcodes for the genus and a key to identify the species.
Next Generation NCLEX: Why Simulation Matters
Authors: Boev Christine
Published: May 2023

Background:

The Next Generation NCLEX (NGN) is designed to specifically measure nursing clinical judgment. Schools of nursing are looking for ways to better integrate nursing clinical judgment into their curriculum. One effective strategy to promote nursing clinical judgment is simulation.

Method:

This article explains how to conduct simulations that follow the National Council of State Boards of Nursing Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (NCJMM). Focusing on layer three of the NCJMM, specific examples are provided that link each step of layer three to nursing clinical judgment using simulation.

Results:

Beginning with Recognizing Cues, the simulation focuses on each step of layer three ending with Evaluating Outcomes. The simulation concludes with a debriefing session to solidify relationships between the variables.

Conclusion:

Simulation has the potential to improve nursing clinical judgment as well as pass rate on the NGN.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2023;62(5):285–289.]
Optimistic expectations and life satisfaction as antecedents of emigration attitudes among Bulgarian Millennials and Zoomers
Authors: Bakalova Diana I , Dimitrova Ekaterina E
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictive power of optimistic expectations and satisfaction with life in the country of origin and residence—Bulgaria, over attitudes towards emigration among young Bulgarians with regard to their generational belonging and age differences (i.e. Generation Y or Millennials and Generation Z or Zoomers). Although the correlation between satisfaction with life and migration (attitudes) has been studied in many countries, it has not been examined to date in Bulgaria (a sending, rather than receiving Eastern European country) in the light of optimistic expectations and age differences. Within a cross-sectional survey (N = 1200), representative of young Bulgarians aged 18–35 years—Zoomers aged 18–25 years (N = 444) and Millennials aged 26–35 years (N = 756), carried out in September-October 2021, optimistic expectations for individual development in Bulgaria, satisfaction with life in the country and emigration attitudes were measured using originally designed scales. The findings suggest that the more optimistic expectations about one's own career development and material security in the country are associated with higher satisfaction with life in Bulgaria and reasonably, with more negative attitudes towards emigration. Interestingly, optimistic expectations turned out a stronger antecedent of Zoomers' emigration attitudes compared to those of Millennials and life satisfaction—a stronger predictor of Millennials' emigration attitudes compared to those of Zoomers. Although no significant age differences in life satisfaction were found, Zoomers turned out significantly more optimistic about their future in the country, but also more attuned to emigration compared to Millennials. Young people with previous emigration experience were found to be significantly more likely to emigrate in comparison to those without prior emigration experience. The findings have some important interdisciplinary implications, both for psychological theory and for demographic policy.
The Chen type of Hasimoto surfaces in the Euclidean 3-space
Authors: Al-Zoubi Hassan , Senoussi Bendehiba , Al-Sabbagh Mutaz , Ozdemir Mehmet
Published: May 2023

A surface $ \mathcal{M}^{2} $ with position vector $ r = r(s, t) $ is called a Hasimoto surface if the relation $ r_{t} = r_{s} \wedge r_{ss} $ holds. In this paper, we first define the Beltrami-Laplace operator according to the three fundamental forms of the surface, then we classify the $ J $-harmonic Hasimoto surfaces and their Gauss map in $ \mathbb{E}^{3} $, for $ J = II $ and $ III $.
La poésie antique du Sangam est-elle vraiment une poésie du paysage ? Littérature tamoule classique et vision contemporaine du paysage
Authors: Landy Frédéric , Gauché Evelyne , Sricandane Gopinath
Published: May 2023

La poésie tamoule dite du Sangam, vieille de deux millénaires, est souvent qualifiée de « poésie du paysage ». Elle pourrait être ainsi comparée à la poésie chinoise du shanshui, qui lui est un peu postérieure (4ème siècle après J.C.). Dans quelle mesure les poètes indiens de l'époque portaient-ils une réelle attention au paysage ? Se pourrait-il que cette littérature puisse relever, selon l’expression d’Augustin Berque (2016), d’une véritable « pensée du paysage » ? De fait, les émotions et tout un paysage intérieur s’y reflètent. En particulier, un mot souvent employé par les commentateurs médiévaux ultérieurs pour classifier les poèmes est couramment traduit par « paysage » ou landscape. Pourtant ce terme, tinai, est très rare dans les œuvres mêmes. L’article décrit les avatars successifs qu’ont connus cette poésie et la notion de tinai dans la mémoire tamoule et la société contemporaine. De nos jours, une lecture régionaliste, souvent très politique, a contribué à fossiliser les poèmes sous cette étiquette de littérature du paysage.
Accountability for Digital Dreamers
Authors: Engström Joakim , Gidlund Katarina L.
Published: May 2023

To contribute to digitalization and accountability research, this study adopted a pattern arising from failure due to weak accountability that was initially identified in Great Britain. This was done to investigate if the pattern reappeared in digitalization initiatives at the Swedish municipal level. Attempting to answer this, the present study structured a survey sent to every municipality in Sweden, resulting in a response rate of 40.4%. It was not possible to statistically claim that the pattern repeated itself in the chosen context, making this study's main contribution to stress that there might be a pattern as an effect due to weak accountability, without any knowledge of how this pattern presents itself.
Applications of Teaching Based on Virtual Reality in Agro-Pastoralism Areas
Authors: Ye Zhonglin , Yang Yanlin , Meng Lei , Li Gege , Wang Zhaoyang , Zhao Haixing
Published: May 2023

This article first put forward the educational application of immersive virtual laboratories for the problems of poor spatial thinking ability and weak hands-on operation ability. Second, aiming at the problems of a lack of excellent backbone teachers and insufficient educational information equipment, a Tibetan-Chinese bilingual immersion virtual basic teaching system suitable for students in pastoral areas has been developed to complement the teaching of teachers in remote areas. Third, the application of virtual gymnasiums is proposed to reduce the physical discomfort of students under harsh conditions. And then the application of virtual vocational technical training is proposed for poor employment situations in agro-pastoralism areas. Finally, the Tibetan-Chinese bilingual immersive virtual basic teaching system developed for pastoral students was put into use for a short period of time in the farming and pastoral schools and was well received by the pastoral students, and the teachers also gave feedback that the system has now improved at least the concentration of the student.