bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease: an overview
Authors: Koo Sara , Jatania Jignesh , Rees Colin
Published: October 2019

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. It is well accepted that this risk increases after 8–10 years of disease duration. Patients should be offered a surveillance colonoscopy after this time. Previously, white-light endoscopy with random biopsies every 10 cm was undertaken for surveillance, but recent evidence suggests that chromoendoscopy along with targeted biopsy is superior to this and the other available methods.

This article reviews the available evidence for IBD surveillance, surveillance guidelines and the evidence for chromoendoscopy. Additionally, an overview of the assessment, reporting of any visible abnormal lesions and management of subsequently proven dysplastic lesions is given.
Algal Demand Drives Sediment Phosphorus Release in a Shallow Eutrophic Cove
Authors: McCarty James   A.
Published: October 2019

Algae play an important role in the internal nutrient cycling of shallow lakes and coves. Algae of shallow water bodies have been shown to thrive and even lead to eutrophic conditions despite a lack of measurable quantities of biologically available phosphorus (P) in the water during summer months. To study how sediment P release and algal growth are connected, water and sediment samples were collected in a shallow eutrophic cove on Beaver Lake in northwest Arkansas. Water quality profiles depicting temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, metals, and photic zone chlorophyll-a were collected weekly from 21 May to 10 July 2018 at three points in the cove: one shallow, one at the cove midpoint, and one at the deepest part of the cove. Cove sediment samples were collected at similar points as the water quality samples for equilibrium P concentration (EPCo) analysis, sediment core incubation, and sediment composition. EPCo for the sediments ranged from 0.024 to 0.027 mg L-1. Sediment cores exposed to aerobic conditions typical of shallow areas had P release rates ranging from 1.37 to 2.02 mg m-2 d-1. Concentrations of soluble reactive P (SRP) in the water column from the weekly water quality sampling averaged 0.002 ±0.003 mg L-1, and photic zone SRP concentrations averaged 0.002 ±0.004 mg L-1 for all sampling sites. The chlorophyll-a concentration increased from 10 to 40 µg L-1 during the period from 21 May to 25 June. When SRP << EPCo, conditions favor the release of SRP from sediments to the overlying water. This was confirmed with the aerobic sediment core incubation in which algal demand was controlled using dark conditions and the release rates were >1.37 mg L-1 d-1. Core aerobic release rates and EPCo conditions both confirmed the release of P under aerobic conditions; however, it appears that algal demand sustained low SRP conditions. This created a nutrient cycle in which algae imposed a nutrient gradient favoring P release by keeping SRP conditions below the EPCo. This study indicates that algal growth potential in shallow water bodies is not limited by SRP concentrations measured within the water column. Studies of shallow water bodies with low SRP concentrations and high productivity should look to the sediments as a source of P to fuel algal growth. Finally, these findings suggest that coves play an integral part in algal production and should not be overlooked when determining the overall P budget for a lake or reservoir. Keywords: Aerobic phosphorus release, Equilibrium phosphorus concentration, Sediment core incubation.
Prediction of Rice Milling Yield and Quality Attributes during Storage Using Regression Analyses
Authors: Shafiekhani Soraya , Lee Jung Ae , Atungulu Griffiths G.
Published: October 2019

Regression analyses were performed to determine the storage conditions that exhibited the best outcomes for long-grain, hybrid milled rice yield and quality. This study evaluated mold population on rough rice, milled rice discoloration, and head rice yield (HRY) after storage of rough rice in airtight conditions at moisture contents (MCs) of 12.5%, 16%, 19%, and 21% wet basis and temperatures of 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 27°C, and 40°C at two-week intervals for 12 weeks. The experiment used a popular long-grain hybrid rice cultivar (XL745). Rice lots were procured from fields with and without conventional treatment of the field with fungicide for plant disease management. Field treatment and no field treatment were considered as a block, and a Mann-Whitney test was conducted to determine effect. The response surface method, an extension of second-order polynomial regression, was used to examine optimal treatment conditions. Mold population and milled rice discoloration from a combination of storage conditions were predicted using regression models. The first-order and second-order terms of temperature indicated a nonlinear relationship between temperature and ln(discoloration). The MC was positively associated with ln(discoloration), but the degree of impact may change with temperature because the interaction term was significant. From the model evaluation (R2 and lack-of-fit test), the discoloration level is expected to be 57% (49% to 66% confidence interval) under conditions of 20% MC, 40°C, and nine weeks of storage for samples procured from fungicide-treated rice fields. This discoloration change is substantial compared to the initial discoloration of 9%. At high temperature (40°C) and MC (21%), discoloration started immediately after two weeks of storage. Anaerobic storage conditions impeded mold growth, especially at high storage temperature (40°C). Low mold populations were observed in rice stored at low MC (16%). According to the regression model, the critical storage temperature that may lead to discoloration is between 27°C and 40°C. Pre-harvest fungicide treatment of rice in the field for disease control significantly improved the HRY but had no significant influence on mold population or discoloration. This study suggests a range of storage conditions to prevent losses in milling yield and quality of rice. In addition, the studied storage conditions mimicked the typical conditions for on-farm, in-bin drying and storage in the U.S. Mid-South, especially for the top layers of rice inside the bin, and therefore provide an important reference for growers and rice processors using in-bin structures to manage the quality of long-grain hybrid rice. Keywords: Discoloration, Head rice yield, Mold population, Regression analysis, Rice quality, Rice storage.
Cleaning and Bacteria Removal in Milking Systems by Alkaline Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water with Response Surface Design
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Chaoyuan , Shi Zhengxiang , Li Baoming
Published: October 2019

A wash cycle using an alkaline solution with a dissolved chemical detergent is a standard clean-in-place (CIP) process for cleaning milking systems. However, long-term chemical use may corrode equipment and create difficulties in wastewater treatment. This study investigated the potential for using alkaline electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water as an alternative to alkaline chemical detergent for removal of microorganisms and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on milking system materials. Laboratory trials were performed based on a Box-Behnken response surface design to assess the cleaning effect of alkaline EO water on three materials typically used in milking systems: stainless steel, rubber gasket, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) hose. Results showed that alkaline EO water treatment was generally enhanced with increased treatment time, temperature, and pH, and their interaction effects were also observed in ATP removal. However, treatment time did not have a dominant role in cleaning PVC hose. Response surface models were developed to reliably predict detected microorganisms and relative light units (RLU) on the three materials after alkaline EO water treatment. Based on the response surface models, the three parameters for alkaline EO water cleaning were optimized as treatment time of 10.0 min, temperature of 61.8°C, and pH of 12, after which microorganisms and RLU were nearly undetectable. Alkaline EO water treatment with the optimized parameters had an equivalent or better cleaning ability compared to the commercial detergent, suggesting its potential as a cleaning and bacteria removal agent for milking systems. Keywords: Alkaline electrolyzed oxidizing water, Cleanliness, Milking system, Response surface model.
A “MENTALIDADE ALARGADA” E OS MIGRANTES: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DO PENSAMENTO POLÍTICO DE ARENDT
Authors: Benedetti Eduardo Jose Bordignon , Schio Sônia Maria
Published: October 2019

No pensamento de Hannah Arendt (1906-1975), a imaginação é um requisito para a compreensão, sendo a experiência e o exemplo fundamentais para a percepção da alteridade. Arendt retoma a ficção da “mentalidade alargada”, desenvolvida incialmente por Kant no âmbito da Estética, de maneira que o ato de "colocar-se no lugar do outro", mesmo que mentalmente, torna-se um exercício necessário para a capacidade judicante porque permite a representação de todos os juízos possíveis para determinada situação. Assim, a hipótese a ser desenvolvida relaciona estética e política a fim de refletir acerca dos movimentos migratórios da atualidade - assumindo que eles contribuem para a difusão de normas cosmopolitas (como as de Direitos Humanos, por exemplo). Nesse sentido, para que os Direitos Humanos sejam efetivos é necessário o respeito às diferenças culturais dos povos que habitam o Planeta, sendo imprescindível a adoção de uma perspectiva baseada na condição humana da pluralidade que possibilita a manifestação da singularidade.
O FOMENTO DE POSTURAS MAIS SUSTENTÁVEIS EM PROL DE ROBUSTECER O EQUILÍBRIO AMBIENTAL NO PARADIGMA HODIERNO
Authors: Silva Raquel Torres de Brito
Published: October 2019

A sociedade de consumo contemporânea por muito tempo é influenciada por uma tática mercadológica utilizada pelo processo industrial evolutivo: o consumo. Embora necessário para a sobrevivência da humanidade e da satisfação dos anseios sociais, ele deve ser observado com cautela sob o seu aspecto de excesso/exagero, o que proporciona inexoravelmente um desrespeito aos parâmetros da sustentabilidade. A partir do momento que os desejos compulsivos dos consumidores se sobressaem ao respeito frente aos recursos naturais cada vez mais limitados, presenciamos uma crise ambiental (projetada na nossa conjuntura societária hodierna). Pelo exposto, necessária se faz a adoção de práticas mais sustentáveis em prol de robustecer o equilíbrio ambiental nos moldes instituídos pela nossa Constituição Verde. Dessa forma, o artigo visará tecer reflexões que justifiquem a necessidade de ampliar a conscientização ambiental nesse paradigma exposto. Utilizou-se o método dedutivo-qualitativo na elaboração da pesquisa, com bibliografias doutrinárias nacionais e estrangeiras.
A EFETIVAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS SOCIAIS COMO INSTRUMENTO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO NA CONSTITUIÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Hecktheuer Pedro Abib , Lourenço Bruna Borges Moreira
Published: October 2019

O objetivo da pesquisa é compreender se a Constituição Federal de 1988 estabelece o desenvolvimento como um direito fundamental a ser concretizado por meio da implementação dos direitos sociais por ela previstos. Com a pesquisa foi possível demonstrar a relevância dada ao direito ao desenvolvimento na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, alçando-o à direito fundamental, compreendido muito para além de uma perspectiva meramente econômica. Portanto, foi possível demonstrar que a promoção de direitos sociais e a vedação do retrocesso neste tipo de direitos é uma condição para o atingimento do desenvolvimento. Para alcançar os resultados da pesquisa foi necessário utilizar-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e das normas constitucionais, sendo que na fase de tratamento de dados usou-se o método cartesiano.
contributos da reflexão e da experiência vivenciada na formação continuada de professores
Authors: Behrens Marilda Aparecida , Fedel Tiago Reus Barbosa
Published: October 2019

A necessidade de buscar significado para a mudança de visão da formação docente, visando superar os cursos estanques que ainda continuam a ser promovidos nas instituições de ensino, levou a desenvolver uma pesquisa exploratória sobre o que deveria compor os processos de formação continuada, para que fosse possível a reconstrução da docência nos diferentes níveis de ensino. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar os contributos necessários para favorecer os processos de formação continuada no sentido de subsidiar a busca contínua da reconstrução da ação docente. O problema investigado foi: a experiência vivenciada na profissão docente e a reflexão sobre ela podem ser consideradas como contributos relevantes na formação contínua dos professores? Destacam-se do referencial teórico investigado os estudos de pesquisadores como Imbernón (2001, 2016), Schön (1992, 2000), Nóvoa (1992, 2016), Tardif (2014), Zeichner (1993, 2008). O principal procedimento metodológico usado na pesquisa exploratória foi a revisão de literatura, que abrangeu a consulta às fontes bibliográficas e artigos relacionados com a temática. A caminhada na pesquisa permitiu perceber que a experiência e a reflexão podem ser entendidas como os princípios norteadores relevantes para a formação contínua do professor. A mudança da prática pedagógica necessita ser refletida e ressignificada, especialmente por meio da discussão entre pares, o que pode ser determinante para a reconstrução da docência de maneira crítica. Conclui-se que acolher o processo de reflexão e de valorização da experiência vivenciada dos professores podem ser contributos relevantes para a formação docente com vistas a buscar uma educação relevante e transformadora.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Indications of Gasserian Ganglion Gompression with Balloon Catheter in the Modern Era
Authors: Fraioli Mario Francesco , Pagano Andrea , Fraioli Chiara , Lunardi Pierpaolo
Published: October 2019

Many therapies are available for trigeminal neuralgia (TN), from medical therapy to invasive, mininvasive and non-invasive methods. There is no a unique indication concerning the choice of treatment; we report our indications for gasserian ganglion compression with balloon by percutaneous approach.

Out of 421 patients affected by TN treated with various methods from 2004 through to 2014, we present 46 patients treated by gasserian ganglion compression with balloon catheter. Patients selected for this procedure were only those refractory to medical therapy and refractory to the other available therapies (radiofrequency, microvascular decompression, radiosurgery, glycerolization, peripheral alcoholizations): balloon compression was performed as third line therapy.

After the procedure, twenty-eight patients were classified as BNI pain intensity score grade 1, seven other as grade 2, three other as grade 3, six were classified as BNI grade 4, and in one patient no improvement of pain occurred (BNI grade 5). After an average period of follow up of 8,6 years, four cases of pain recurrence occurred.

Because balloon compression is an ablative and non-selective procedure and all three trigeminal divisions are damaged to achieve stable pain remission, the procedure was performed only in patients affected by recurrent TN refractory to the other available methods.
Diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenesis and treatment
Authors: Vorontsov A. V. , Shestakova M. V.
Published: October 2019

Currently, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of disability and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Developing in 4045% of patients, both insulin-dependent IDDM (type I) and non-insulin-dependent IDDM (type II) diabetes, this formidable complication leads to the development of chronic renal failure, and ultimately to the death of patients from uremia. The first kidney damage in diabetes was described by R. Kimmelstiel and C. Wilson in 1936. It is clinically characterized by the following manifestations: increasing proteinuria (with unchanged urinary sediment), hypertension, the formation of nephrotic syndrome (in about 30% of patients) and a progressive decrease in filtration kidney function. The insidiousness of this complication of diabetes lies in the fact that it develops gradually and remains unnoticed for a long time, since at the initial stages the patient does not cause discomfort. And in the later stages, when the presence of DN is no longer in doubt, preventing its further progression is extremely difficult, and often impossible. For many years in our country, the classification of DNs was used by V. R. Klyachko, according to which prenephrotic, nephrotic, and nephrosclerotic stages were distinguished. According to this classification, DN is diagnosed only from the moment when the patient develops proteinuria, registered by conventional laboratory methods, which indicates the severity and irreversibility of pathological changes in the kidneys. The modern classification, distinguishing stages at which clinical manifestations are still absent, and only functional disorders are detected, was proposed by S. Mogensen in 1983 (see table). In accordance with this classification, the first 3 stages are not detected by conventional clinical methods (preclinical stage of DN). The most informative marker of the early stages of DN is the determination of microalbuminuria (MAU), which means the excretion of albumin with urine in an amount of 30 to 300 mg / day. Identification of UIA in a patient with type I diabetes means that the probability of developing a clinical picture of DN in his next 10 years is 80%.
Antioxidant systems of blood plasma in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathies
Authors: Lebedeva Ye. A.
Published: October 2019

The parameters of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic and low-molecular antioxidant systems of blood plasma were studied in 114 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 51 donors (control group). The activities of extracellular superoxide dismutase, catalase, concentrations of plasma selenium, the activity of red cell glutathione peroxidase, and the level of uric acid were measured. Oxidant stress was found to involve no changes of the enzymatic component of antiperoxide defense in patients both at the debut of the disease and with diabetic angiopathies. Evidently, the cell protection is performed not by the enzymatic, but by the low-molecular antioxidant system. The level of total antioxidant activity of the plasma is increased in newly diagnosed diabetes and normalizes by the time of formation of microangiopathies. The concentration of uric acid - one of the plasma antioxidants - is reliably decreased in comparison with the control, which may be significant in the pathogenesis of microangiopathies.
Efficacy of different starting doses of methimazole (mercazolil) in the treatment of diffuse toxic goiter
Authors: Burumkulova F. F. , Kotova G. A. , Gerasimov G. A.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different starting doses of methimazole (MMI) on the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with Grave's disease and, specifically, to elucidate the effects of various independent factors on the efficacy of MMI. Sixty untreated hyperthyroid patients were enrolled in the trial. Forty-six cases were newly diagnosed, 6 patients presented with relapse following prior therapy or surgery. Eight patients previously treated with MMI in a dose of 30 mg had to interrupt the treatment because of grave side effects; in our study they were administered the drug in a dose of 15 mg. All patients were residents of Russia, living in areas with moderate and mild iodine deficiency; they were divided in two equal groups, A and В with the starting daily doses of 15 and 30 mg MMI, respectively. Free T4 levels in the serum were measured and clinical examinations carried out 3, 4, and 5 weeks after the beginning of MMI therapy. In group A, 86.7% (26/30) patients were euthyroid after 3 weeks and 100% after 4 weeks versus 93.3 (28/30) and 96.7% (29/30) in group B. The time of euthyroidism onset did not depend on the starting dose of the drug (3.130.11 weeks in group A vs. 3.100.12 weeks in group B). No correlation could be traced between the dose efficacy and patients' age, disease standing, size of the thyroid, or presence of endocrine ophthalmopathy. Euthyroidism was attained significantly earlier in group В in comparison with group В (3.00 vs. 4.40.3 weeks) only in patients with very high initial levels of free T4 (75 pmole/liter). There was only one case with minor complications in group A and two cases in group B. In addition, 8 patients in group A with a history of side effects of therapy with MMI in a dose of 30 mg were administered the drug in a dose reduced by half without adverse effects. Our data confirm the previous results that response to thyroid drugs depends mainly on the pretreatment free T4 levels. The majority of patients with Graves' disease from regions with iodine deficiency can be effectively controlled by small starting doses of MMI (e.g., 15 mg) with a lower risk of dose-dependent side effects.
Política salarial e desenvolvimentismo: uma análise dos impactos nos salários da indústria e no conflito distributivo
Authors: Rissa Peroni Ribeiro Matheus , Fernandes Sereno Luiz Gustavo
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho visainvestigar os desdobramentos dos recentes aumentos reais do salário mínimo nos custos da indústria brasileiraa partir da divergência em torno do tema da literatura desenvolvimentista. Busca mostrar que o crescimento real experimentado pelo salário mínimo não altera fundamentalmente a determinação do salário na indústria brasileira, assim como não é possível afirmar que causa aumento na participação dos salários industriais no lucro. Além de tudo, com o crescimento do Valor Agregado da indústria e das taxas de lucros verificados, é plausível supor efeitos positivos para a intensificação industrial.
Critical Thinking, Reﬂection, and Action Research as Cornerstones of NIDCAP Implementation
Authors: Hasanpour M. , Kakavand A.
Published: October 2019

To describe the foundations necessary to develop a Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) training and staﬀ development plan that will eﬀectively support the changes in environment and care required for successful implementation of developmental care in the NIDCAP model.1 To determine the research method which is most appropriate and the abilities that professionals need to implement NIDCAP in the NICU. The aim of this presentation is to focus on Action Research, Reﬂection, and Critical Thinking as Cornerstones of NIDCAP Implementation.
Diversiﬁcation of Developmental Care Trainings: How and Why?
Authors: Ratynski N. , Minguy S. , Olivard I. , Sizun J.
Published: October 2019

Newborn Individualized Developmental Care (NIDCAP) is the gold standard of early intervention training. Unfortunately, despite intense eﬀorts to disseminate this program, the training is not ac-cessible to a large proportion of neonatal professionals due to high costs, duration of the training, and supportive systems organization.
Reducing Noise Through Awareness in the NICU
Authors: Weis J. , Haaber J.
Published: October 2019

In the NICU, environment sounds and noise can be challenging for the preterm and/or sick newborn baby. Reducing noise to provide an environment with appropriate and meaningful auditory experiences such as parents’ voices is important. Elimination of loud noises will furthermore beneﬁt the families and staﬀ. In 2016, the NICU at Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, collaborated with SoundEar™, a company that develops noise-meters for indicating and collecting noise levels, to develop a software program that was appropriate and easy to use. The aim was to support reduction in noise levels at the NICU through diﬀerent layers of nudging: The noise meters with dis-plays should help staﬀ and families become aware of their own noise levels and change their noisy behavior. The software helps staﬀ become aware of when and where noise levels are critical and something should be done diﬀerently. The software sends out noise reports on a weekly basis via email to key staﬀ members, who use these reports as a basis for further discussion about noise at staﬀ meetings.
NIDCAP Profile: Dominque Haumont PhD
Authors: Browne Joy
Published: October 2019

Dominique Haumont has been a trendsetter and a visionary when individualized, developmental care was not typical in most Belgian Newborn Intensive Care Units (NICU), or for that matter, in many NICUs worldwide. I have watched in amazement at how she has uniquely and sensitively brought about changes in her own hospital, in her country and in international settings. The vision of making sure babies and their mothers are never separated, her original goal, reflects an inspiration and has now been realized through her efforts over the last three decades. Her novel and progressive approaches to making system change happen have been not only effective, but have given us a template for what can be achieved. They are reflective of our collective knowledge that change does not hap-pen fast, but with perseverance and sensitivity it can be accomplished. We have much to learn from her stories of accomplishments, her perseverance and her ability to think “outside the box”. She is an enabler, a visionary and a true friend. Thank you, Dominique, for sharing the story of your journey with us.
Correlations between Forging Tool Lifetime and the Continuous Curvature Transitions
Authors: Ibriksz Tamás , Tancsics Ferenc
Published: October 2019

The forged work-piece geometry is determined by different standards and bilateral specifications, so the geometry is not allowed to be changed by the technologist according to their own decision.  Therefore, the lifetime of the tool which gives the final geometry is a key issue. The tool lifetime is mainly influenced by technology and process parameters. Regarding these parameters, there are many classical optimization solutions available to increase tool life. In our work, we have looked for a technical device that can complement classic solutions to further enhance the effectiveness in the field of forging tools lifetime. In our opinion, such a technical device may be a continuous curvature of the surface transitions at the preformed geometry. In our work, we investigated the effect of the continuous curvature for a function reducing the forging work at a real geometry.
The use of virtual patient in teaching clinical practice skills to nursing students
Authors: Şahin Gül , Başak Tülay
Published: October 2019

Virtual patients are used as training method to gain professional competencies in nursing education. Virtual patients are real-life interactive computer-based clinical scenarios where students can learn appropriate information and practices to plan and manage patient care, and can be used for health care, training, or evaluation. Virtual patient technology that provides skill in a risk-free environment provides real-time feedback on student activity that can affect decision-making when they contact with the patient. If included in the curriculum appropriately; virtual patient technology can help the student develop numerous skills such as clinical assessment, patient interaction, critical thinking, therapeutic approach and adaptation to a changing environment. It helps students to overcome the limits of clinical practice, develop coping skills, support critical thinking, develop decision-making skills, and quickly adapt to clinical settings.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
 
Özet
Sanal hastalar, hemşirelik eğitiminde mesleki yeterlikleri kazanmak için eğitim yöntemi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Öğrencilerin hasta bakımını planlamak ve yönetmek için uygun bilgi ve uygulamaları öğrenebilecekleri, sağlık bakımı, eğitim veya değerlendirme amacıyla kullanılabilen gerçek yaşamla etkileşimli bilgisayar tabanlı klinik senaryolardır. Risksiz bir ortamda beceri kazandıran sanal hasta teknolojisi, hasta ile temasa geçtiğinde karar vermeyi etkileyebilecek öğrenci etkinliği hakkında gerçek zamanlı geribildirim sağlar. Müfredata uygun bir şekilde dahil edilirse; sanal hasta teknolojisi öğrenciye klinik değerlendirme, hasta etkileşimi, eleştirel düşünme, terapötik yaklaşım ve değişen bir ortama uyum sağlama gibi çok sayıda becerinin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olabilir. Öğrencilerin klinik uygulamaların sınırlarını aşmalarına, baş etme becerilerini geliştirmelerine, eleştirel düşünceyi desteklemelerine, karar verme becerilerini geliştirmelerine ve klinik ortamlara hızlı bir şekilde adapte olmalarına yardımcı olmaktadır.
Žákovské koncepty trojúhelníku a obdélníku na začátku druhého stupně vzdělávání
Authors: Robová Jarmila , Moravcová Vlasta , Halas Zdeněk , Hromadová Jana
Published: October 2019

Článek se věnuje porozumění pojmům trojúhelník a obdélník u žáků na začátku 2. stupně vzdělávání. Prostřednictvím testu byly zadány úlohy, v nichž žáci měli rozhodnout, zda vyznačené body (vnější, vnitřní, na stranách, vrcholy) náleží trojúhelníku, respektive obdélníku. Dále bylo zkoumáno, jak žáci určí počet společných bodů trojúhelníku a přímky v různých vzájemných polohách. Testování proběhlo u 505 žáků 6. ročníků základních škol a prim osmiletých gymnázií. Jednotlivé odpovědi byly kódovány a podrobeny statistické analýze. Možné příčiny žákovských odpovědí byly následně prověřeny v rámci polostrukturovaných rozhovorů s dalšími 20 žáky. Testování předcházela analýza několika řad učebnic pro první stupeň, z níž vyplynulo, že koncept trojúhelníku i obdélníku prochází vývojem od hmotných modelů (vystřihovaných) přes vhodné abstraktní modely (vybarvené) až po redukci útvaru na pouhou hranici, což může podpořit miskoncepce pojmů trojúhelník a obdélník. Zjistili jsme, že adekvátní koncept trojúhelníku, respektive obdélníku, se vyskytuje přibližně u poloviny sledovaných žáků, přičemž mezi dívkami a chlapci nejsou podstatné rozdíly. Nejčastějším problémem bylo, že žáci redukovali trojúhelník pouze na jeho hranici.V závěru upozorňujeme na možné důsledky této miskoncepce (obsah – obvod, porozumění tělesům) a předkládáme některá doporučení, která by mohla vést k nápravě.
Vstupní znalosti účastníků geovědních táborů zjišťované asociační technikou
Authors: Pražáková Martina , Pavlasová Lenka
Published: October 2019

Vstupní znalosti účastníků geovědních táborů zjišťované asociační technikou Martina Pražáková, Lenka Pavlasová Abstrakt   Zjišťování znalostí žáků má svůj nezastupitelný význam ve formálním vzdělávání, v neformálním vzdělávání se s ním ale příliš často nesetkáváme. Tato studie popisuje výzkum, který se opírá o dvoudimenzionální pojetí kognitivních znalostí žáků a byl realizován slovním asociačním testem. Jeho prostřednictvím odvozujeme aktuální porozumění žáků (n = 143) oblasti neživé přírody. Výsledná zjištění určují úroveň vstupních teoretických i praktických znalostí účastníků geovědních táborů v dimenzích znalostí faktuálních, konceptuálních, procedurálních a metakognitivních. Byla prokázána statisticky významně vyšší úroveň teoretických konceptuálních znalostí u starších žáků (více než 12 let) a dívek. Doporučujeme tedy, aby se ve výuce témat o neživé přírodě v neformálním vzdělávání kladl důraz na rozvoj geovědních praktických znalostí žáků, které jsou specifické pro tuto oblast přírodních věd a kde vnímáme jejich deficit. Neformální vzdělávání by se tak u žáků se zájmem o neživou přírodu stalo vhodným doplňkem ke vzdělávání formálnímu. Klíčová slova: znalosti, neformální vzdělávání, geovědy, vědecký tábor, slovní asociační test.
Influência da qualidade de luz no crescimento e acúmulo de voláteis de Mentha spicata cultivada in vitro
Authors: Da Cunha Samuel Henrique Braga , Silva Sâmia Torres , Bertolucci Suzan Kelly Vilela , De Carvalho Alexandre Alves , Rocha Tainá Teixeira , Pinto José Eduardo Brasil Pereira
Published: October 2019

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar a influência da qualidade da luz no crescimento e no acúmulo de constituintes voláteis de Mentha spicata cultivada in vitro. Segmentos nodais de plântulas já estabelecidas foram mantidos sob lâmpadas fluorescentes e diodos emissores de luz (LEDs) com as regiões espectrais nas cores verde, amarelo, vermelho, azul e branco, e nas combinações entre vermelho e azul (1:1; 2:2 e 2:1). Após 45 dias, parâmetros de crescimento, área foliar, índices de crescimento, pigmentos fotossintéticos e análise da composição química volátil de folhas por headspace – CG/FID foram avaliados.  A combinação 1:2 proporcionou maiores biomassas seca de folhas, raiz e total. As plântulas dos tratamentos verde, amarelo, fluorescente e vermelho apresentaram características de estiolamento. Em relação à composição química volátil, os constituintes majoritários α-pineno, sabineno, β-pineno, mirceno, 1,8-cineol e carvona foram identificados. Plântulas crescidas sob LEDs verde e amarelo resultaram maior acúmulo de carvona. Assim, este estudo contribuiu para o entendimento das alterações causadas pela qualidade de luz no crescimento in vitro e na composição química volátil de hortelã. Conclui-se que a micropropagação de Mentha spicata sob LEDs na combinação entre vermelho e azul 1:2 é o mais favorável para o crescimento e teor de carvona e de 1,8-cineol.
Moluscos biválvios do Cretáceo Superior da Bacia de Sergipe: um estudo da seção turoniana Pedro Gonçalves
Authors: Franco Neto Emmanuel , Andrade Edilma de Jesus , Santana Mateus do Nascimento , Lima Handrei Felipe Santos
Published: October 2019

A Bacia de Sergipe apresenta uma sucessão estratigráfica completa e rica fauna fóssil. No intervalo Cenomaniano Superior, um grande evento transgressivo proporcionou a instalação da Formação Cotinguiba (Cretáceo Superior), caracterizada pela deposição de um conjunto de rochas carbonáticas com gênese associada à um ambiente deposicional de rampa. Litologicamente, calcilutitos e margas proximais representam o Membro Sapucari, enquanto folhelhos distais marcam o Membro Aracaju, nestas rochas os moluscos biválvios são abundantes. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo identificar e descrever sistematicamente os moluscos da classe Bivalvia da seção Pedro Gonçalves, Formação Cotinguiba, Cretáceo Superior de Sergipe. A área de estudo está localizada entre os municípios de Rosário do Catete e General Maynard, Sergipe. O material de estudo é constituído de 238 exemplares de moluscos biválvios provenientes da localidade Pedro Gonçalves. Foram identificados 27 táxons, distribuídos em 19 gêneros e 14 famílias: Cucullaeidae, Pinnidae, Inoceramidae, Plicatulidae, Pectinidae, Ostreidae, Gryphaeidae, Cardiidae, Dicerocardiidae, Corbulidae, Pholadomyidae, Pleuromyidae e Poromyidae. A seção é posicionada no intervalo Turoniano médio baseada na fauna de biválvios inoceramídeos
Mutual recognition of certification systems: The case of SERMO and ACLES
Authors: Zabala-Delgado Julia , Sawicka Barbara
Published: October 2019

The Association of Language Centres in Higher Education in Spain (ACLES) and the Association of Academic Foreign Language Centres in Poland (SERMO) established the mutual recognition of their English language competence certificates (CertAcles and ACERT examinations) in 2017, on the basis of previously performed analyses of routine pre-exam and exam procedures, specifications and applied evaluation criteria. This paper represents a further step towards comparability by reporting the results of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of data from a summer examination session in 2018 carried out with Spanish and Polish students who took a commonly developed English exam combining the features of both certification systems. The exams were carried out at Universitat Politècnica de València (ACLES) and Poznan University of Technology (SERMO) and the data was collected by means of test scores, student and teacher questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews.

The results obtained are encouraging and provide a strong basis for further collaboration between the certification systems. Furthermore, they give support to the mutual recognition of our certificates while encouraging similar studies with other non-commercial university accreditation frameworks. These initiatives are in line with the objectives of the Bologna Process, facilitating student and staff exchange between institutions within the European Higher Education Area.
Online self-access learning: A work in progress
Authors: Marazzi Alessandra
Published: October 2019

Autonomy and self-learning are ongoing challenges for universities generally, and for their language centres specifically when it comes to language learning and acquisition. The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia has always paid attention to both fostering autonomy in its learners and developing customized language learning activities. Among all the activities the Language Centre deals with, we include self-access learning, through the establishment of proper laboratories, and traditional-teaching support measures, through the use of Moodle, as means to reach out to several non-attending students with supplementary materials.

Although the Language Centre staff has been able to successfully complement teaching activities in class using Moodle, there was also a tendency to keep self-access learning within the physical barriers of its room, thus almost obliging users to go there to find language assistance and materials. However, a natural change in learners’ academic attendance and needs has lately led the Language Centre staff to rethink the whole idea of self-access learning, by having it transcend its walls and find a home online.

Exploiting some of Moodle’s characteristic features – i.e. accessibility, flexibility, and customization – in the academic year 2018–2019, a new project will be piloted which will give learners the chance to get in touch with the language adviser via the web in order to receive counselling on language matters, and to find a network of extra services such as:

–

e-tutored online courses and learning pathways providing support to achieve certain goals;

–

webinars on specific areas providing learners with methodological tools;

–

a dedicated space for improving speaking skills (e.g. atelier de conversation).

Through these tools the Language Centre hopes to expand its range of self-learning activities so as to meet learners’ new expectations and attitudes.
Teacher development: Resources and devices to promote reflective attitudes toward their profession
Authors: Schmidt Maria Gabriela , Nagai Noriko , Naganuma Naoyuki , Birch Gregory
Published: October 2019

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) has been increasingly used to inform language policies and teaching practices in Japan. The Japanese Ministry of Education proposed in 2011 that objectives of English curricula at the secondary education level ought to be stated using the “Can do” schemata of the CEFR and then announced a new English examination system for college enrolment to be launched in 2020. This top-down approach to implementing the CEFR, however, has caused practitioners great confusion and led to mis-conceptualisations of the CEFR. A group of practitioners conducted a research project aiming to develop a practical guide to CEFR-informed learning, teaching and assessment. It attempts to provide practitioners with CEFR-related resources and tools to implement the CEFR for course design. To design a course, users of the CEFR need to modify scaled illustrative descriptors in principled ways to fit local needs. The modified descriptors become the basis for daily lesson plans, and function as an assessment tool for teacher and learner self-assessment. This report summarises the research project and workshops held in 2017 and 2018.
Acute effects of essential oil blend containing phlai oil on mood among healthy male volunteers: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arpornchayanon Warangkana , Gomonchareonsiri Sumittra , Chansakaow Sunee , Wongpakaran Tinakon , Varnado Pairada , Wongpakaran Nahathai
Published: October 2019

Background

Essential oil blend (ESOB) containing Zingiber montanum or Phlai and Zingiber tenuiscapus oils as the major components has high levels of terpenes such as sabinene, terpinene, terpinolene, and terpine-4-ol. Phlai is well known for its analgesic property, but its effects on mood remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of inhaling the ESOB containing phlai essential oils on mood and stress among healthy volunteers.

Methods

A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial pilot study was conducted among 38 healthy male volunteers; 19 in the ESOB containing phlai oil group and 19 in the control group, which used olive oil. One single inhalation was provided continuously for 15 min via hot steam. Mood status was assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Visual Analog Scales for Mood, Anxiety, Stress and Alertness (MASA). Rorschach tests, in a modified analysis, were also employed. One-way ANCOVA was used to determine statistical differences of the mood test results between ESOB containing phlai oil and olive oil.

Results

Mean age of the participants was 22.11 (SD 2.1) years. Both ESOB containing phlai oil and olive oil increased the post-test scores of positive mood and reduced the scores of negative mood. However, no difference was observed regarding the mood test scores between groups, except concerning the Rorschach stress test (F (1,38)=6.486, p=0.015). The variance of change, explained by the model (R square), was 32.8%, while the adjusted R-squared was 0.290.

Conclusions

Single inhalation aromatherapy using ESOB containing phlai oil or olive oil showed an immediate improvement of mood states among healthy young male volunteers by easing the negative emotions and enhancing positive emotions, especially feelings of pleasure and contentment. Natural blend of phlai essential oils was more efficacious than olive oil in reducing emotional stress.
Eradicating Poverty by the Year 2030: Implications for Income Inequality, Population Policies, Food Prices (and Faster Growth?)
Authors: Cornia Giovanni Andrea
Published: October 2019

The paper examines whether the planned eradication of poverty to the year 2030 part of the Sustainable Development Goals strategy is compatible with the trends expected over the next 15 years in key economic variables such as GDP growth, population growth, income inequality and food prices. To do so, the paper develops a comparative-static, poverty-accounting model that allows to simulate to 2030 the impact on SDG1 (poverty eradication) of favorable future improvements equal to best results recorded for such variables during the last 30 years. Numerous model simulations show that – even under the most favorable assumptions – between 14 and 16 countries (mainly from Africa) out of the 78 analyzed will not reach the SDG1 target. Policy suggestions on how to improve on such results are presented at the end of the paper.
Almost cyclic elements in cross-characteristic representations of finite groups of Lie type
Authors: Di Martino Lino , Pellegrini Marco A. , Zalesski Alexandre E.
Published: October 2019

This paper is a significant contribution to a general programme aimed to classify all projective irreducible representations of finite simple groups over an algebraically closed field, in which the image of at least one element is represented by an almost cyclic matrix (that is, a square matrix M of size n over a field

𝔽

{\mathbb{F}}

with the property that there exists

α
∈
𝔽

{\alpha\in\mathbb{F}}

such that M is similar to

diag
⁡

(

α
⋅

Id
k

,

M
1

)

{\operatorname{diag}(\alpha\cdot\mathrm{Id}_{k},M_{1})}

, where

M
1

{M_{1}}

is cyclic and

0
≤
k
≤
n

{0\leq k\leq n}

).
While a previous paper dealt with the Weil representations of finite classical groups, which play a key role in the general picture, the present paper provides a conclusive answer for all cross-characteristic projective irreducible representations of the finite quasi-simple groups of Lie type and their automorphism groups.
Thinking Like (Law-And-) Economists – Legal Rules, Economic Prescriptions and Public Perceptions of Fairness
Authors: Chavanne David
Published: October 2019

Using vignettes that are based on seminal cases in law and economics, I find that judicial decisions across different areas of the common law are considered to be fairer when they follow prescriptions for efficiency based on law-and-economic reasoning. Vignettes describe legal disputes and require respondents to rate the fairness of a judge’s resolution. For each vignette, fairness ratings are compared across a version that follows a particular economic prescription and a version that does not, with differences across versions generated by subtle changes in context that are motivated by the economic logic that either was used in the relevant case’s actual judicial opinion or has been applied to the case by scholars of law and economics. The results suggest that the economic logic that underlies the Coase theorem, the Hand rule and the foreseeability doctrine, and generates prescriptions for efficient use of strict product liability and efficient breach of contract, aligns with lay intuitions of fairness. The results also identify two areas, fugitive property and punitive damages, where law-and-economic prescriptions do not align with perceptions of fairness.
Overcoming overtourism in Europe: Towards an institutional-behavioral research agenda
Authors: Benner Maximilian
Published: October 2019

A number of European tourist destinations have become the subject of a public debate on overtourism. The present article argues that problems discussed under the overtourism debate cannot be solved by limiting tourist numbers alone. Rather, the article calls for multidimensional strategies that build on a vision of qualitative tourism development shared by various coalitions of agents. Such a vision should consider which forms of tourism to encourage and which ones to discourage, and what incentives and disincentives to set. Designing and implementing these strategies raises a number of questions that can be grouped under the four dimensions of policies, organization, institutions, and behavior. Institutional approaches known from economic geography can serve to analyze the prospects of policies, and insights from behavioral economics such as the nudging approach can serve to inform policy implementation. These approaches are related to organizational and policy-related aspects of qualitative tourism development. By following the analytical framework provided by the four dimensions mentioned, the article proposes a research agenda for policy-relevant studies on curbing or preventing problems of overtourism.