bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Pengetahuan tentang Antibiotik terhadap Kepatuhan Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Mahasiswa Prodi Hukum di Universitas Esa Unggul
Authors: Limas Ayu , Purnomo Antonius Dewanto , Maksum Maksum
Published: February 2025

Knowledge about antibiotics will influence each individual's compliance with antibiotic use. The higher the knowledge, the higher the compliance with antibiotic use and this will reduce the number of cases of antibiotic resistance. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge about antibiotics among law study program students at Esa Unggul University. This research is quantitative research using designcross-sectional with a sample of 320 respondents and respondent data that complies with the inclusion criteria of 129 respondents. Therefore, the data used was 129 respondents. The results obtained were that the majority of Esa Unggul University law study program students' knowledge level was high at 77.5%, followed by moderate knowledge at 10.1% and low knowledge at 12.4%. The majority of Esa Unggul University law study program students' compliance level is high 57.4%, followed by moderate compliance 17.8% and low compliance 24.8%. Test carried outchi squareThere is a relationship between knowledge about antibiotics and adherence to antibiotic use with a significance value of 0.001. Respondents with low knowledge had low compliance (100% were in the low compliance category). In contrast, respondents with high knowledge showed a more varied distribution where the majority had high compliance (74.0%), and a small portion had moderate (20.0%) and low compliance (6.0%).
Unveiling Plant-Based Antimicrobial Peptides by In Silico Tools
Authors: Thakur Amanpreet , Gupta Puja
Published: February 2025

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) arises from a disruption in the vaginal microbiome, primarily characterized by a decrease in Lactobacilliand an overgrowth of bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis. These findings highlight the potential of plant-derived AMPs as novel, effective treatments for BV, offering a pathway to combat antimicrobial resistance and recurrence.Insilico study was conducted to screen and characterize AMPs from Thymbra capitata and Zataria multiflora, two plants with well-documented medicinal propertiesdesigned to target the ABC transporter permease protein in G. vaginalis, a key contributor to antimicrobial resistance. Structural and physicochemical analyses were conducted to assess peptide stability, hydrophilicity, and membrane interaction potential.Analysis revealed that TCCP-1, a peptide from T.capitata, is more stable and hydrophilic, while ZMLP-2 from Z.multifloraexhibits higher hydrophobicity, making it more suited for membrane interactions. These characteristics suggest that these plant-derived peptides have properties favorable for treating BV.Plant-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), especially those from T.capitataand Z.multiflora, show potential as innovative treatments for bacterial vaginosis (BV), offering a holistic and effective approach while mitigating antimicrobial resistance and recurrence. In silico analysis suggests that the identified transporter in G.vaginalisis likely an integral membrane protein, a critical insight for docking studies as interactions with membrane-bound proteins differ from those in the cytoplasm or extracellular space. Targeting this protein with AMPs could disrupt cellular transport and division, impairing the pathogen's ability to survive and propagate.
Enhancing Teens’ Mental Health and Identity Through the E-Komet Module for Parent-Teen Communication Aligned with SDG Goals
Authors: Sya’diyah Hidayatus , Nurlela Lela , Kirana Sukma Ayu Candra
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Adolescents often experience mental health and identity issues, which are worsened by weak communication with parents. This study aims to develop the E-KOMET (Electronic Communication between Parents and Children) module to enhance parent-teen communication, supporting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 on mental well-being.
 
Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the Family Empowerment Model, which emphasizes strengthening family relationships through communication skills, empathy, and shared activities. Method: The research was conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia, using interviews, focus group discussions, and a review of relevant materials. These methods helped identify key elements necessary for effective parent-teen communication. Results and
 
Discussion: The findings indicate that E-KOMET improves communication, reduces conflicts, and enhances emotional connections. Adolescents reported better mental health and identity development, while parents gained skills to communicate effectively and set appropriate boundaries. The module also integrates technology for feedback and peer support, promoting trust and empathy within families. Research Implications: E-KOMET provides practical tools for family health promotion and nursing education. It highlights the role of structured communication strategies in improving adolescent well-being and family relationships.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to SDG 3 by offering an innovative, technology-supported module that fosters healthier family environments, ultimately supporting adolescent mental health and development.
Optimization of Gelatin and Pectin Combination as a Gelling Agent in the Formulation of Flawless Jelly Preparations with Ethanol Extracts of Meniran (Phyllanthus Niruri) and Kelor (Moringa Oleifera)
Authors:   Formulation and Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Sukoharjo, 57162, Indonesia, Sari Tiara Nastiti , Suprapto Suprapto ,   Formulation and Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Sukoharjo, 57162, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Formulating the Jelly Flawless preparation using extracts of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) which are rich in antioxidants. Antioxidants have an important role in the body by protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. The Jelly Flawless formulation with ethanolic extracts of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) and kelor (Moringa oleifera), combined with gelatin and pectin, affects the hardness test, showing no significant hardness in the fourth formulation. It contains positive secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, quinones, and steroids. The antioxidant test results for the extracts of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) and kelor (Moringa oleifera) were 5.55 µg/mL, higher than the positive control of vitamin C of 2.78 µg/mL, indicating that the ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri and Moringa oleifera contain strong antioxidants. Therefore, the Jelly Flawless formulation of ethanolic extracts of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) and kelor (Moringa oleifera) can be produced and consumed because it contains strong antioxidants that have an important role in the body.
Detection of Microembolism Signs using Transcranial Doppler in Infective Endocarditis
Authors:   General Hospital of Zone No 50, IMSS, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, Avila Karla Fabiola Aguirre , López Diana Karen Fernández ,   General Hospital of Zone No 50, IMSS, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, Alcantar Erika Patricia Cerna ,   General Hospital of Zone No 50, IMSS, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, Perales Claudio Alberto García ,   General Hospital of Zone No 50, IMSS, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, Roblero Erick Jafet González ,   General Hospital of Zone No 50, IMSS, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, Pacheco Elizabeth Arellano ,   General Hospital of Zone No 50, IMSS, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, García Angela Viridiana Morales García Morales ,   General Hospital of Zone No 50, IMSS, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, Acosta Tania Yaneli Serrano ,   General Hospital of Zone No 50, IMSS, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, Vázquez Mirtha Saavedra ,   General Hospital of Zone No 50, IMSS, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a rapid, noninvasive, reproducible, and dynamic examination of the intracranial circulation. A unique advantage of TCD is the ability to detect microembolic signals (MES) during monitoring.

Case presentation: We present the case of a 24-year-old man with no significant history or previously identified risk factors.

With a probable diagnosis of infectious endocarditis based on clinical findings. The echocardiogram revealed a bicuspid aortic valve, with a doubtful diagnosis of cardiac vegetation. A diagnosis of endocarditis was made thanks to the support of microembolic signal detection by transcranial Doppler.

Conclusion: The relevance and importance of transcranial Doppler support in infective endocarditis is evaluated. This is a tool that could be considered to be part of the DUKE criteria.
Spontaneous Hematoma of the Left Abdominal Wall Secondary to Costal Exostosis: A Case Report
Authors:   Hospital Regional ISSSTE Puebla, Navarro Dr. Manuel Rodríguez , Serrano Dr. José Antonio Rodríguez ,   Hospital Regional ISSSTE Puebla, Gudiño Dr. José Bernardo Salazar ,   hospital regional issste puebla, Palacios María Del Rayo Méndez ,   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Benítez José Eduardo Hernández ,   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Robles Héctor Alejandro Villegas ,   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Lugo Ricardo Mercado ,   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, León Dafne Eunice Hernández ,   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Mitre Martín Romero ,   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla
Published: February 2025

A case of spontaneous left abdominal wall hematoma is presented in a 50-year-old male patient with a history of recently diagnosed hypertension under treatment, morbid obesity for the past 10 years without nutritional management, and occasional smoking and alcohol consumption. The patient presented with oppressive epigastric pain following food intake, accompanied by coughing and diaphoresis, with an initial intensity of 8/10 progressing to 10/10, radiating to the thoracic region. Upon admission, he exhibited a hypertensive emergency and signs of angina, requiring stabilization with nitroglycerin and management in the shock unit. During evaluation, a hematoma in the left abdominal wall was identified, along with a fracture of the left eighth costal arch and a costal exostosis on the left tenth costal arch, as well as pleural effusion and ipsilateral atelectasis, confirmed by computed tomography (CT). There was no history of trauma, transfusions, or prior surgery. The patient received conservative treatment, including triple antihypertensive therapy (calcium channel blocker, angiotensin II receptor blocker, and prazosin), anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics, and bed rest, without the need for surgical intervention. Acute-on-chronic kidney disease (KDIGO 1) was diagnosed, and the patient was evaluated by cardiothoracic surgery for follow-up.
Successful Gestation of a Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome Carrier And Patient, After a Hysteroscopic Septoplasty
Authors:   Avenida Do Imperador, 545, Centro, Fortaleza Ceará – Ce, Zip Code: 60015- 050. Hospital Geral Dr César Cals De Oliveira., C. R. Pontes, A. , A. F. Alexandre, ,   Avenida Do Imperador, 545, Centro, Fortaleza Ceará – Ce, Zip Code: 60015- 050. Hospital Geral Dr César Cals De Oliveira., S. A. F. Barreto, ,   Avenida Do Imperador, 545, Centro, Fortaleza Ceará – Ce, Zip Code: 60015- 050. Hospital Geral Dr César Cals De Oliveira.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome (HWWS) is an embryological malformation that damages the urinary and genital systems. It may have clinical repercussions as progressive dysmenorrhea and compromise the patient’s obstetric future, with occurrence of severe endometriosis and infertility.

Case Report: A patient, 18 years old, admitted for an amniotic fluid loss complaint. She demonstrated a previous diagnosis of HWWS during anamnesis, which was previously discovered and surgically adjusted 4 years earlier, through a hysteroscopic vaginal septoplasty. The patient needed an obstetric admission due to a clinical diagnosis of Prelabor Rupture of Ovular Membranes (PROM), with abdominal delivery after 5 days due to the development of severe preeclampsia. The procedure had no intercurrence, alongside the birth of the conceptus in good clinical conditions.

Discussion: The patients who carry that rare syndrome have didelphys uterus, low genital obstruction and unilateral renal agenesis. When the genital obstruction is complete, the symptoms are often more glaring, producing palpable and painful abdominal mass because of the hematocolpos. Regardless of the anatomic space, the retained flow is susceptible to infections and may cause abdominal sepsis. Furthermore, the patient can acquire infertility for the higher risk of endometriosis or for the anatomic distortions. The cirurgical adjustment is associated with good pregnancy rates and should always be suggested to those patients.

Conclusion: Considering the serious repercussions to the life quality of those patients, the Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome (HWWS) should always be present in differential diagnosis of a specialist doctor’s routine. The premature diagnosis leads to a necessary adjustment and contributes to positive and favorable results in the reproductive life of such patients.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IN HUMAN LIFE
Authors: Nirwal Mr. Arjun , Roy Dr. Aamarpali , Pankaj Dr. V. K. Pankaj
Published: February 2025

The series of Circadian rhythms (CR) are of endogenic independent oscillator’s causes by the molecular Ian circadian clock which acts on synchronize internal time with the outside environment on daily basis. The process of circadian clock is a big organizational factor for about all emotional and mental actions and its
variations has intense outcomes on health of human. Therefore, the circadian rhythm set off a system having
self-control on body of human to adjust our activities, habits and functions of body. Regarding to this, daily
functions should have trouble over food, physical activities of surroundings comprised lightings, exercises, work habits, sleeping and various activities. All contemplation and essentially, a mind clock should be set with daily function for a healthy lifestyle.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CARE OF ANAEMIC CHILDREN AMONG PARENTS IN SELECTED PAEDIATRICS HOSPITALS OF BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
Authors: kumar Mr. Anil Kumar R V , Kaur Dr. Amandeep
Published: February 2025

Anemia is defined as a low number of red blood cells. In a routine blood test, anemia is reported as a low hemoglobin or hematocrit. Hemoglobin is the main protein in the red blood cells. It carries oxygen and delivers throughout the body. Anemia is one of the most common blood conditions in the world. It affects almost 60% of the total population of the world. Women, young children and people with long term diseases are more likely to have anemia. Aim: A study to assess the knowledge regarding care of anemic children among parents.
Settings and Design: A pre experimental approach was used with one group pretest post test research
design was chosen for the study. Convenient sampling technique was used to select 100 parents of Aneamic
children admitted in selected hospitals.
Results: In the Knowledge group, 14 were found Below Average, 83 were Average and 3 were Good. The Mean
was 43.31 and Standard Deviation was 1.04. 81% were considering diarrhea as cause of anemia, Maximum
were not aware about signs and symptoms of anemia, 85% had no knowledge regarding risk factors of
anemia, Maximum 83% had no knowledge regarding prevention of anemia.
IMPACT OF DYSPNEA ON ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING
Authors: barey Syed Abubakar Syed , Williams Dr. Jacqueline
Published: February 2025

Dyspnea is a multifactorial symptom, involving the interaction between various physiological, psychological, and
environmental factors. Its understanding may only derive from a multidisciplinary and multidimensional
approach. It can lead to reduced physical activity, impaired sleep and increased anxiety and depression, all of which result in a symptom burden.2 A connection can be seen between the seriousness of symptoms in the morning, the physical activity and the severity of dyspnea during the day.
The Silent Crisis: Suicide Rates and Mental Health Neglect in Guyana
Authors:   Washington University of Health Sciences, San Pedro, Belize, USA, Ballmick Anil K
Published: February 2025

Guyana has the second-highest suicide rate globally, with an estimated 40 suicides per 100,000 people annually, nearly four times the global average
of 9 per 100,000 [1]. Despite the alarming statistics, mental health remains a neglected area in Guyana, exacerbated by cultural stigmas, limited mental
health infrastructure, and reliance on spiritual remedies. Suicide disproportionately affects rural Indo-Guyanese men, with pesticide ingestion as the most
common method. This review explores the underlying factors contributing to this public health crisis, including socio-economic disparities, the historical
marginalization of mental health services, and cultural misconceptions about mental illness. Findings suggest a pressing need for integrated solutions
that address mental health stigma, improve access to care, and incorporate culturally sensitive interventions. By shedding light on the interplay of these
factors, this article provides actionable recommendations to mitigate suicide rates and improve mental health outcomes in Guyana.
Recognition of Daily Activities for People with Cognitive Challenges
Authors: Hemalatha.S  , Gokul.M  , Karthik.B  , Kavinraja.M  , Kavinesh.R
Published: February 2025

This project introduces an innovative system for recognizing daily activities of intellectually disabled individuals using a multi-sensor approach. The proposed solution aims to enhance the quality of life and independence of people with intellectual disabilities by providing accurate and real-time activity recognition. By leveraging wearable technology, the system continuously monitors and analyzes various physiological and movement data. This comprehensive approach allows for a more nuanced understanding of daily activities, potentially improving care strategies and enabling more personalized support. The system's design focuses on user comfort, data privacy, and seamless integration into existing care frameworks, addressing key challenges in assistive technology for this vulnerable population.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS
Authors: Mohan Kumar Dr. S.
Published: February 2025

"Research And Publication Ethics" by Dr. S. Mohan Kumar serves as a comprehensive guide in navigating the multifaceted landscape of academic research and publication. In an age where the volume of academic output is surging, the essence of ethical scholarship is paramount. This work delves deeply into the nuances of intellectual honesty, the different dimensions of scientific misconduct, and the intricacies of publication ethics. The text further illuminates the realm of open-access publishing and provides a discerning lens on the myriad metrics that gauge academic impact. Drawing from real-world examples across diverse global contexts, the book emphasizes the importance of credibility, transparency, and responsibility in scholarly endeavors.
Keywords: Research Ethics, Publication Ethics, Scientific Misconduct, Intellectual Honesty, Open-Access Publishing, Academic Impact, Credibility, Transparency, Scholarly Responsibility, Publication Metrics.
Participatory Drama and Sex Education: Fadehan International College Ile-Ife, Osun State – Nigeria Experience
Authors: Justin Awuawuer Tijime , Ajani Monsurat Omobolanle
Published: February 2025

The paper explored the effectiveness of participatory drama as a tool for teaching sex education in secondary schools. It again examined the use of improvised drama to achieve sex education at Fadehan International College Ile-Ife. It also investigated participatory drama as an aspect of theatre for development. This was with the view to facilitating the understanding of drama as a tool for teaching sex education. This paper employed both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary source comprised improvised drama presentation at Fadehan International College Ile-Ife, Osun State-Nigeria. A 30-minute improvised drama was rehearsed among some selected students and performed. Post production discussion was conducted to ascertain if the drama presented reflect the social reality of the students. Follow up and baseline approaches was adopted at the end of the workshops. Questionnaires were administered on 5 teachers and 50 students of the school to measure the effectiveness of participatory drama on sex education. The secondary source included books, journal articles and the Internet. The data collected was analyzed using Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed models. Finding showed that participatory theatre engaged the student intellectually, and contribute to their learning process. Findings also revealed that improvised drama reflected the students’ social reality and connect emotionally to the play presented to them, since it was put together from the students’ experiences. The paper further revealed that participatory drama presentation educates and passes vital information to them. The paper concluded that participatory drama, if well put together, could serve as an effective circulation of information and facilitates dialogue and exchange of ideas among the students.
Leveraging AI for Enhanced Dataset Usability: Intelligent Summarization and Labeling for Academic-Industry Collaboration
Authors: J. Thaker Dhaval , R. Raval Hitesh , Khengar Juhi
Published: February 2025

In the era of digital transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud-based technologies arerevolutionizing university-industry collaboration by enhancing data accessibility, organization, andusability. Traditional data management approaches often suffer from inefficiencies, leading to fragmented,underutilized datasets. This research proposes an AI-powered framework that integrates intelligent labeling,automated dataset summarization, and vector-based retrieval to optimize dataset management. The systemefficiently categorizes and summarizes datasets by leveraging natural language processing (NLP) andembedding models, improving research workflows and knowledge transfer.
Colorectal Cancer Prediction Using Image Processing and Machine Learning
Authors: Borse Sachin , Agrawal Sudhir
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer screening via colonoscopy and histopathology imaging is essential in early diagnostics. Recent advancements in digital imaging and machine learning have allowed for complex automated analysis algorithms. Development and Evaluation of a Computerized System to Predict Colorectal Cancer: Understanding the Role of Structure-Property Relationship Quantification in Medical Images. A multi-step algorithm was ascertained and calibrated, from preprocessing methods to noise reduction and enhanced image visualization.
An Analysis of Violence and Trauma in Meena Kandasamy’s Fictions
Authors: Sharma Himmat , Kashyap Tanu , Vashisht Ashu
Published: February 2025

Pain and violence are so interwoven into the human existence, they actively shape human lives on the personal level as well as national politics. These are painful events that result in individuals being injured either physically or psychologically or both, and structures that are oppressive and all pervasive but not without their cultural, historical, political contexts.
Bird Species Recognition System Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Om Raju Bejankiwar  , Madhava Reddy V. , Harshith K. , Sundaragiri Dheeraj
Published: February 2025

The "identification of bird species" through mechanized strategies is a fundamental part of ecological studies and biodiversity monitoring. By the by, this attempt is convoluted by impediments, for example, intra-species variety and between species similitude
Policy and strategy of the ruling elite of the USSR/Russia
Authors: Podberezkin A. I.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to an overview of the state of strategic planning and policy in the USSR and Russia in recent decades, the quality of political decisions made and the ruling elite of the USSR/Russia.
O Programa Nacional de Imunização e os principais desafios enfrentados: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Teixeira Suênia Évelyn Simplício , Ávila Roberlandia Evangelista Lopes , Furtado Juliana Solon , Lira Roberta Cavalcante Muniz , Aguiar Anagelma Moreira , Vasconcelos Maristela Inês Osawa
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar os motivos que levam os pais e/ou responsáveis das crianças menores de cinco anos de idade a não aderirem ao calendário de vacinação e os fatores associados na redução da cobertura vacinal. Método: Revisão integrativa, de abordagem metodológica, realizada em outubro de 2023, por meio das bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, consultando os descritores “cobertura vacinal”, “recusa de vacinação”, “criança”, “movimento contra vacinação”, “fake news” e “hesitação vacinal”. Critérios de inclusão: idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, publicado de 2018 a 2023. Critérios de exclusão: artigos duplicados, dissertação, tese ou que não atendessem os objetivos da pesquisa. Resultado: Foram encontradas 510 publicações, mas apenas 10 artigos atenderam aos critérios. A partir da análise crítica e interpretação do material, dividimos nas seguintes temáticas: 1) hesitação dos pais e/ou responsáveis; 2) atuação dos pais e profissionais de saúde na perspectiva da vacinação; e 3) cobertura vacinal e o retorno de doenças erradicadas. Alguns autores listaram a hesitação vacinal como um dos fatores associados às convicções morais, não concordam ou não acreditam nas vacinas, experiência anterior de eventos adversos após a vacinação, especialmente casos relatados como moderados ou graves, dentre outros. Conclusão: Dentre os motivos que levam os pais ou responsáveis a hesitarem vacinar os seus filhos, destacamos: a negligência; falta de informação; e medo dos efeitos colaterais graves, alicerçados aos movimentos antivacinas. Contudo, apesar de todos esses desafios, sabemos que uma cobertura vacinal efetiva é um importante aliado no controle e erradicação de inúmeras doenças imunopreveníveis.
Comparison Of Antibacterial Effectiveness Tests Between Aloe Vera Gel (Aloe Vera L.) And Pure Kaliandra Honey (Calliandra Calothyrsus) On The Growth Of Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Fikri Dzil , N. Febrianti Atika , Fadhil Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Background: Aloe  vera (Aloe vera L) and honey (Calliandra calothyrsus)  have many benefits, especially in Indonesia, aloe vera and honey are also often used as drugs for various diseases because of their content which has many health benefits.  Objective: This study aims to determine the comparison between aloe vera (Aloe vera L)  and honey (Calliandra calothyrsus)  as an inhibitor of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.Method: This study uses true experimental design  in microbiological test with post test only control group design. With the treatment of aloe vera gel (Aloe vera L) and kaliandra honey (Calliandra calothyrsus) and ciprofloxacin antibiotics as a positive control and aquades as a negative control against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria  to see antibacterial effectiveness using diffusion methods in thelaboratory.Results: The most effective variable was kaliandra honey (Calliandra calothyrsus) with concentrations of 50%, 75% and 100% with p values of 0.03, 0.01, and 0.03 respectively when compared to using aloe vera gel (Aloe vera L) with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% which obtained the results could not at all inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Conclusions and Suggestions:  This research can be used as a theoretical basis, so that people can choose a more appropriate ingredient, namely kaliandra honey (Calliandra calothyrsus) rather than using aloe vera gel (Aloe vera L) to be used as herbal medicine by people who experience Staphylococcus aureus  bacterial infections. Other researchers are also advised to be able to use other variables or other types of aloe  vera (Aloe vera L) and honey from the nectar of other flowers to conduct similar studies.
Cytotoxicity Test Of Green Betel Leaf Ethanol Extract (Piper Betle L.) Using Shrimp Larvae (Artemia Salina L.) Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method
Authors: Ismail Mardhiyah Adawiyah , Vitayani Sri , Nur Aulia Amir  , Yusriani Mangarengi  , Marzelina Karim
Published: February 2025

The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method is a preliminary method for screening anticancer compounds by looking at the cytotoxic effect of a sample that will be tested on Artemia salina shrimp larvae. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of green betel leaves (Piper betle L.) on Artemia salina Leach larvae using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol, and phytochemical screening to show the presence of secondary metabolite on green betel leef. Cytotoxicity tests were carried out at five extract concentrations (concentrations of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, and 750 ppm). Based on the results of the research carried out, it can be concluded that the results show that the percentage of larvae deaths ranges from 30-80% and the highest mortality was obtained at a concentration of 750 ppm with a total of 26 larval deaths, this death was in line with the increase in concentration. The Lethal Concentration (LC50) value obtained was 121.3317 ppm. In conclusion, green betel leaf extract contains secondary metabolite compounds which cause cytotoxic effects on Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae with a mortality percentage of 30-80% and the LC50 value is 121.3317 ppm.
Economic aspects of the functioning of the loft hotel industry in Poland in light of the latest research
Authors: SALA Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

Loft hotels are an example of a unique segment on the contemporary hotel market. Their creation and operation is usually based on the revitalization of formerly neglected post-industrial facilities and conversion into commercial activities. On the one hand, the client receives a sublime accommodation offer; while on the other hand, the previously closed facility is restored to life and generate income from its new role. Due to the development of loft hospitality in the world and in Poland, economic aspects of its operation remain an issue worthy of analysis. The aim of the publication is to identify important economic factors affecting the activity of loft hotels in Poland. The article formulated the following research thesis: The functioning of loft hotels is characterized by capital intensity, and high and specific operating costs.
The Use of Budget Classification as a Tool for Monitoring Poland’s Expenditures on Assistance to Ukrainian Citizens
Authors: DZIADEK Krzysztof , ROSIEK Ireneusz
Published: February 2025

Effective public management requires the creation of a useful classification framework for public funds to facilitate budget planning and reporting processes related to expenditures incurred by public sector entities. In Poland, a budget classification system encompassing departments, sections, and paragraphs has been in use for many years. Although there have been attempts to replace it with a so-called performance-based budget, this system remains the primary tool for managing public funds. Currently, a debate is ongoing in Poland on how to reform the system of classifying public funds to improve the efficiency, transparency, and accountability of the public finance sector.
At present, the classification system includes, among other things, a category for expenditures on translation services. The authors of this article sought to determine the level of spending allocated by Polish local government units to translation services, assuming that the influx of Ukrainian citizens to Poland due to the ongoing war has increased expenditures in this area. However, the study found that such data could not be determined, despite the budget classification providing a category for grouping these expenditures.
Preliminary Studies of The Progressive Farms with Animal Production In the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland – Ecological Perspective
Authors: MUSIAŁ Kamila
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted in 2023, in 44 communes/municipalities, located in the macroregion of Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. The research was based on expert surveys regarding the state of agriculture including management methods and rural areas. There has been presented a large group of so called progressive farms (AB) with animal production, that focus on dairy and beef cattle. This group consists of two separate categories defined as developing farms (A), and potentially developing farms (B). Category 'A farms' - describes agricultural entities with both - significant production potential and scale of production. Such farms are expansive, often leading and clearly developing, they invest in land or other fixed assets, and use the UE structural funds. Whereas, 'B farms' category includes farms with rather small or medium production potential, which at the same time are still market orientated. Such entities invest small amounts of money in technical equipment and usually remain passive on the land market. A synthetic analysis of the studied area, indicates that in this macroregion the progressive farms had a very different shares in particular communes, ranging from 0 to 70%. The biggest share of progressive farms have been indicated for the Lesser Poland Voivodeship – the krakowski district (49,77%). That can be explained by the fact that within this county, there is visible a domination of communes with a rural character, over other types of municipalties. As far as the animal production is concerned, the highest share of progressive farms breeding cattle was indicated for the olkuski district, where in the commune of Wolbrom farms with dairy or beef cattle constituted to about 70% of all agricultural holdings.
Investigation of the occurrence of significant deviations in the magnetopause location: solar-wind and foreshock effects
Authors: Grimmich Niklas , Pöppelwerth Adrian , Archer Martin Owain , Sibeck David Gary , Plaschke Ferdinand , Mo Wenli , Toy-Edens Vicki , Turner Drew Lawson , Kim Hyangpyo , Nakamura Rumi
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Common magnetopause models can predict the location of the magnetopause with respect to upstream conditions from different sets of input parameters, including solar-wind pressure and the interplanetary magnetic field. However, recent studies have shown that some effects of upstream conditions may still be poorly understood since deviations between models and in situ observations beyond the expected scatter due to constant magnetopause motion are quite common. Using data from the three most recent multi-spacecraft missions to near-Earth space (Cluster, THEMIS, and MMS), we investigate the occurrence of these large deviations in observed magnetopause crossings from common empirical models. By comparing the results from different models, we find that the occurrence of these events appears to be model independent, suggesting that some physical processes may be missing from the models. To find these processes, we test whether the deviant magnetopause crossings are statistically associated with foreshocks and/or different solar-wind types and show that, in at least 40 % of cases, the foreshock can be responsible for the large deviations in the magnetopause's location. In the case where the foreshock is unlikely to be responsible, two distinct classes of solar wind are found to occur more frequently in association with the occurrence of magnetopause deviations: the “fast” solar wind and the solar-wind plasma associated with transients such as interplanetary coronal mass ejections. Therefore, the plasma conditions associated with these solar-wind classes could be responsible for the occurrence of deviant magnetopause observations. Our results may help to develop new and more accurate models of the magnetopause, which will be needed, for example, to accurately interpret the results of the upcoming Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) mission.
Bridging Data Assimilation and Control: Ensemble Model Predictive Control for High-Dimensional Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Kurosawa Kenta , Okazaki Atsushi , Kawasaki Fumitoshi , Kotsuki Shunji
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Model predictive control (MPC) is an optimization-based control framework for linear and nonlinear systems. MPC estimates control inputs by iterative optimization of a cost function that minimizes deviations from a desired state while accounting for control costs over a finite prediction horizon. This process typically involves direct computations in state space through full model evaluations, making it computationally expensive for high-dimensional nonlinear systems. This study introduces ensemble model predictive control (EnMPC), a novel framework for nonlinear control that combines MPC and ensemble data assimilation. EnMPC directly solves the MPC cost function using ensemble smoother methods, including the four-dimensional ensemble variational assimilation method, ensemble Kalman smoother, and particle smoother. By assimilating pseudo-observations that incorporate information about reference trajectories and constraints, EnMPC mitigates nonlinearity and uncertainty in high-dimensional systems, outperforming conventional MPC in computational efficiency through ensemble approximations. In addition, EnMPC is able to determine optimal weights for control inputs by using the analysis error covariance derived from ensemble data assimilation. We present two different approaches for defining control objectives. The penalty term approach applies penalties when model predictions violate pre-defined constraints by assimilating constraint information as pseudo-observations. In contrast, the trajectory tracking approach assimilates pseudo-observations derived from a reference trajectory to lead the system in the direction of the desired state. We perform numerical experiments with idealized models that capture the chaotic nature of atmospheric systems to show that EnMPC efficiently controls the system and offers flexibility for a variety of control objectives.
Surface saline lakes in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Terzić Elena , Gardiol Clara , Vilibić Ivica
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In the Levantine basin, it has long been known that salinity can reach a maximum in a thin layer near the surface, particularly during the warm season when summer heating, evaporation, and low mixing prevail. This water mass has been linked to the generation of Levantine intermediate and deep waters, depending on winter heat loss and wind-induced mixing. However, a recent study demonstrated that similar conditions, referred to as ‘surface saline lakes’ (SSLs), can occur as far north as the Adriatic Sea. To investigate this, we analyzed data from Argo profiling floats across all Mediterranean basins, focusing on the upper layers (up to 200 m in depth), where such lakes are known to form. We developed an objective algorithm to detect SSLs within profiles, defining a SSL by a threshold-exceeding salinity gradient at its base. This definition allowed us to estimate SSL depth, SSL temperature and potential density anomaly (PDA) gradients at the base, and the Schmidt Stability Index which quantifies the energy needed to mix a SSL. We also ensured the quasi-continuity of Argo profiles throughout the year in our analyses, as SSLs are highly seasonal phenomena. SSLs exhibit minimum or vanishing occurrences between February and April, while peaking between August and October. SSLs were detected in all Mediterranean basins, with the highest prevalence – 65–70 % of profiles between July and December – occurring in the Levantine basin. During the August–October peak, SSLs exceeded 35 % of monthly profiles in each basin, even in the Western Mediterranean, albeit with lower overall salinity levels and SSL variables ranges. These findings underscore the role of atmospheric heat and water exchange in all Mediterranean basins, influencing intermediate and deeper thermohaline properties through wintertime mixing. Despite pronounced interannual and seasonal variability, our analysis of data showed a significant positive trend in SSL depth, accompanied by decreasing thermohaline gradients (temperature, salinity, PDA) at SSL bases though the investigated period. The observed changes raise questions about their drivers – whether they indicate ongoing climate-change-induced salinization and shifts in Mediterranean water mass dynamics, or are merely manifestations of a multi-decadal variability.
Airborne quantification of Angolan offshore oil and gas methane emissions
Authors: Fiehn Alina , Eckl Maximilian , Pühl Magdalena , Bräuer Tiziana , Gottschaldt Klaus-Dirk , Aufmhoff Heinfried , Eirenschmalz Lisa , Neumann Gregor , Sakellariou Felicitas , Sauer Daniel , Baumann Robert , De Aguiar Ventura Guilherme , Cadete Winne Nayole , Zua Dário Luciano , Xavier Manuel , Correia Paulo , Roiger Anke
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In September 2022, the METHANE-To-Go Africa (MTGA) scientific aircraft campaign, part of UNEP’s IMEO Methane Science Studies, conducted the first CH₄ emissions measurements from the offshore oil and gas sector in West Africa. This study provides the first independent empirical data on emissions in this previously unstudied region. Emissions from Angolan offshore facilities were quantified using an aircraft-based mass balance method, estimating total sector emissions and assessing 30 individual facilities and 10 facility groups. Our findings show consistent emissions across different days for most facilities. However, high-emission events of 10 and 4 t h⁻¹ were observed at two facilities, significantly impacting total emissions. Older, low-producing shallow-water facilities had higher emissions than newer, high-producing deep-water facilities. Production volume is a poor proxy for methane emissions; instead, facility age and maintenance status should be considered risk factors. However, due to variations in asset design and operation, regular measurements are essential, prioritizing high-risk facilities. Total CH₄ emissions from Angolan offshore facilities were estimated at 16.9 ± 5.3 t h⁻¹, only 20–22 % of EDGAR and CAMS estimates but over twice the amount reported by operators. Additional trace gas measurements, including CO₂, CO, C₂H₆, SO₂, NOy, and aerosols, provided insights into CH₄ sources, primarily from fugitive emissions and venting rather than flaring or combustion. This study presents a unique dataset on CH₄ emissions, improving our understanding of offshore oil and gas emissions in this critical region.
Probabilistic cost modeling as a basis for optimizing inspection and maintenance of turbine support structures in offshore wind farms
Authors: Farhan Muhammad , Schneider Ronald , Thöns Sebastian , Gündel Max
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The operational management of offshore wind farms includes inspection and maintenance (I&M) of the wind turbine support structures. These activities are complex and influenced by numerous uncertain factors that affect their costs. The uncertainty in the I&M costs should be considered in decision value analyses performed to optimize I&M strategies for the turbine support structures. In this paper, we formulate a probabilistic parametric model to describe I&M costs for the common case in which a wind farm is serviced and maintained using a workboat-based strategy. The model is developed based on (a) interviews with a wind farm operator, engineering consultants, and operation and maintenance engineers, as well as (b) scientific literature. Our methodology involves deriving the probabilistic models of the cost model parameters based on intervals representing a subjective expert opinion on the foreseeable ranges of the parameter values. The probabilistic cost model is applied to evaluate the total I&M costs, and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the main cost drivers. The model can be utilized to optimize I&M strategies at the component, structural system, and wind farm level. To illustrate its potential use, we apply it in a numerical study in which we optimize I&M strategies at the structural system level and identify and demonstrate a simplified approach of capturing uncertain I&M costs in the optimization. The simplified approach is generalized and made available for maintenance cost optimization of offshore wind turbine structures.
Comparative predictive value of APACHE-II, SAPS-II and GRACE scores for mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients: Evidence from Indonesia intensive cardiovascular care unit registry
Authors: Prasetya Indra , Hakim Dennis I. , Anjarwani Setyasih , Bagaswoto Hendry P. , Muzakkir Akhtar F. , Habib Faisal , Astiawati Tri , Wirawan Hendy , Ilhami Yose R. , Djafar Dewi U. , Sungkar Safir , Danny Siska S. , Juzar Dafsah A.
Published: February 2025

The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is acknowledged for its ability to predict in-hospital mortality among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, intensive care physicians often employ general prognostic scores such as Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS-II) to predict the mortality of ACS patients. However, their predictive values are not well-determined in predicting mortality in ACS treated in the cardiovascular care unit (CVCU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of APACHE-II and SAPS-II scores in comparison with GRACE scores in predicting the CVCU mortality and in-hospital mortality of ACS patients admitted to CVCU. A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from a registry of patients admitted to 10 hospitals in Indonesia between August 2021 and July 2023. This study evaluated the APACHE-II, SAPS-II, and GRACE scores for patients with ACS upon admission to CVCU. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was utilized to assess the discriminative ability for predicting mortality. Among the 12,950 admitted patients, 9,040 were diagnosed with ACS, and 6,490 patients were included in the final analysis. All three scoring systems had relatively good discriminative ability to predict CVCU mortality with APACHE-II having better results (AUC: 0.771; sensitivity: 63.9%; specificity: 78.7%) compared to GRACE (AUC: 0.726; sensitivity: 61.7%; specificity: 73.2%) and SAPS-II (AUC: 0.655; sensitivity: 38.9%; specificity: 85.2%). To predict in-hospital mortality, APACHE-II had better results (AUC: 0.815; sensitivity: 68.7%; specificity: 80.4%) compared to GRACE (AUC: 0.769; sensitivity: 64.6%; specificity: 77.5%) and SAPS-II (AUC: 0.683; sensitivity: 41.8%; specificity: 86.2%). APACHE-II had the best single risk factor for CVCU mortality (odds ratio (OR): 1.198; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.181–1.214) and in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.259; 95%CI: 1.240–1.279). In conclusion, APACHE-II, SAPS-II, and GRACE scores moderately predict CVCU and in-hospital mortalities, with the APACHE-II score exhibiting the highest predictive capability in ACS patients admitted to CVCU.