bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid laparo-endoscopic access: New approach to surgical treatment for giant fibrovascular polyp of esophagus: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Dzhantukhanova Seda , Avetisyan Lyudmila Grigori , Badakhova Amina , Starkov Yury , Glotov Andrey
Published: November 2023

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) has been transformed from an innovative technique, into a viable alternative to enteral stenting and surgical gastrointestinal anastomosis for patients with gastric outlet obstruction. Even EUS-GE guided ERCP and EUS-guided gastrointestinal anastomosis for the treatment of afferent loop syndrome have been performed, giving patients more less invasive options. However, EUS-GE is still a technically challenging procedure. In order to improve EUS-GE, several techniques have been reported to improve the technical details. With EUS-GE widely performed, more data about EUS-GE’s clinical outcomes have been reported. The aim of the current review is to describe technical details updates, clinical outcomes, and adverse events of EUS-GE.
The Neutronic Engine: A Platform for Operando Neutron Diffraction in
Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Wissink Martin , Wray Christopher L. , Lee P.M. , Hoffmeyer Matthew M. , Frost Matthew J. , An Ke , Chen Yan
Published: November 2023

Neutron diffraction is a powerful tool for noninvasive and nondestructive
characterization of materials and can be applied even in large devices such as
internal combustion engines thanks to neutrons’ exceptional ability to penetrate
many materials. While proof-of-concept experiments have shown the ability to
measure spatially and temporally resolved lattice strains in a small aluminum
engine on a timescale of minutes over a limited spatial region, extending this
capability to timescales on the order of a crank angle degree over the full
volume of the combustion chamber requires careful design and optimization of the
engine structure to minimize attenuation of the incident and diffracted neutrons
to maximize count rates. We present the design of a “neutronic engine,” which is
analogous to an optical engine in that the materials and external geometry of a
typical automotive engine have been optimized to maximize access of the
diagnostic while maintaining the internal combustion chamber geometry and
operability of the engine. The high transparency of aluminum to neutrons makes
it the ideal window material for neutron diagnostics, which allows the neutronic
engine to be a truly all-metal engine with the same load and boundary condition
capabilities of a modern downsized passenger car engine. The neutronic engine
will enable 3D and time-resolved measurements of strain, stress, and temperature
fields as well as phase transformation, texture, and microstructure throughout
the metal components of the combustion chamber.
Redundant Sensor-Based Perception Sensor Reliability Estimation from
Field Tests without Reference Truth
Authors: Kryda Marco , Qiu Minhao , Berk Mario , Buschardt Boris , Straub Daniel
Published: November 2023

The introduction of autonomous vehicles has gained significant attention due to
its potential to revolutionize mobility and safety. A critical aspect
underpinning the functionality of these autonomous vehicles is their sensor
perception system. Demonstrating the reliability of the environment perception
sensors and sensor fusion algorithms is, therefore, a necessary step in the
development of automated vehicles. Field tests offer testing conditions that
come closest to the environment of an automated vehicle in the future. However,
a significant challenge in field tests is to obtain a reference truth of the
surrounding environment. Here, we propose a pipeline to assess the sensor
reliabilities without the need for a reference truth. The pipeline uses a model
to estimate the reliability of redundant sensors. To do this, it relies on a
binary representation of the surrounding area, which indicates either the
presence or absence of an object. Therefore, the pipeline includes another step
to convert object lists into this binary representation. Using the pipeline, we
estimate the sensor reliabilities from object data derived from the Waymo
dataset. Even though we are capable of obtaining close estimates of the sensor
reliabilities we find out that the estimation of the sensor reliabilities is not
robust for different parameter sets.
Numerical Iterative Analysis of Drag Reduction System for a Racing
Car Rear Wing
Authors: Monteiro Carlos , Brito Moisés , Vieira Diana Filipa da Conceição
Published: November 2023

In Formula Student competitions, the active adaptation of the aerodynamic
components to the current race track conditions can significantly enhance the
overall dynamic performance of the car. Due to the abundant low-speed corners,
angles of attack of fixed aerodynamic components are usually exaggerated,
preventing the car from achieving higher acceleration capabilities due to
induced drag. This issue can be tackled by introducing an active drag reduction
system (DRS). In this work, a strategy for performing iterative numerical
simulations is proposed, with the goal of obtaining a range of different
configurations suitable for certain track conditions. Specifically, the case of
lowest drag is exploited.

Different macros were developed to couple the utilization of computational fluid
dynamics tools for aerodynamic analysis with an extensive iterative process with
minimal user interference. An initial mesh refinement study was conducted.
Afterward, angles of attack and centers of rotation of the two most rear flaps
are iterated. The lowest-drag configuration was found to be at
αflap1 = 0° and αflap2 = −6 ° , the latter mostly due to its aerodynamic interaction with the
rest of the system. Results show that the angle of attack of flap 2 had the most
influence on the overall forces, while varying the centers of rotation had a
weaker impact. Nevertheless, combining the investigation of the angles of the
attack with the center of rotation yields optimal DRS configuration with the
minimum drag. Within one loop of the proposed strategy, a reduction of up to
94.5% in rear-wing drag was found. The strategy proposed
can be looped until a configuration is obtained for specific optimization
targets, such as drag reduction.
Effect of Temperature on Synchronizer Ring Performance
Authors: K Barathi Raja , Kumar Aneesh
Published: November 2023

The brass synchronizers are not resistant to abusive conditions of gearbox operations, but they are very durable and cheap when used on their favorable material property working limit. The main failure which can occur in the gearbox due to the synchronizer is crash noise. During gear shifting the gear crash will create high discomfort for the driver and must apply high force to change the gears. The main factors which contribute to the crash phenomenon are the insufficient coefficient of friction, high drag in the system, and high wear rate of the synchronizer rings before the intended design life of the synchronizer.

The brass synchronizers were tested on the SSP-180, ZF synchronizer test rig to know the effect of the synchronizer performance parameters like the coefficient of friction, sleeve force, slipping time as well as durability parameters like wear rate when the operating temperature of the oil is changed. This study will help to predict the impulse behavior, surface pressure, and power of the brass material and oil for enhancing the endurance life of the synchronizer.

The effect of gearbox oil drag induced on the synchronizer system in different temperature conditions is also studied in this research work. This helps to reduce the contribution of the drivetrain losses of the gearbox, and it will also give the better shift quality. The wear rate analysis makes it possible to predict the warranty life of the gearbox in the design phase itself. In the case of shift quality, it was identified that the presence of the drag is creating the speed difference between the gear and synchronizer hub. This is creating a gear clash noise when shifted at a slow speed. The data was captured at low temperatures and high temperatures. It was found that the increase in the temperature helps in reducing the drag locally which allows smoother gear shift without speed difference.
Numerical Analysis and Optimization of Heat Transfer for FSAE Radiator for Various Sidepod Designs
Authors: Suresh Sankar , Sundar Mahima , Bhaskara Rao Lokavarapu
Published: November 2023

Heat transfer optimization is a crucial aspect of the design process for Formula Student race cars, particularly for the radiator, usually housed in a side pod. For the car to operate at peak performance, a well-designed radiator-sidepod system is essential such that it can dissipate heat generated by the engine faster, for the car to run in optimal performance. Testing the car physically for various radiator-sidepod design iterations is a very difficult task, also considering the costs to manufacture the radiator-sidepod setup. The objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive methodology for analysing heat transfer through radiator setup using Computational Fluid Dynamics and to validate it through experimental investigations, to enhance performance and efficiency of the radiator setup. It further explains how to find out its heat transfer efficiency, and to choose the right radiator-sidepod setup, giving optimal performance. The flow of coolant inside the radiator, as well as external air flow through sidepod, is considered for realistic results in numerical analysis. Various radiator dimensions and sidepod designs are considered in the scope of this paper. The heat transfer simulation is performed in ANSYS Fluent, and their results compared. The final radiator-sidepod setup concluded as optimal setup in this study provided an average temperature drop of 2.9 °C through experiment and 2.72 °C through numerical analysis, providing uniform airflow through the radiator face with less dirty air.
Investigation of Tyre Ride Comfort Performance on Electric Vehicle
Authors: Subbian Jaiganesh , M Saravanan , Krishnakumar Jeyakumar , N Pradeepkumar
Published: November 2023

Over the last few years, the Electric Vehicle Market (EV’s) has experienced significant growth. One of the major challenges faced by electric vehicles is its tyre performance requirements. Reduced range, Increased vehicle weight, higher motor torque and absence of engine needs lower rolling resistance, higher load capacity, low tread wear & low noise tyre, respectively. All these demands will lower the ride comfort performance of the Electric Vehicle. The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of tyre parameters on the ride comfort performance of EV’s. Tyre construction, tread compound and tyre pressure have a significant impact on the ride comfort performance. Tests like drive point mobility, modal analysis and cleat test are conducted experimentally as well as using virtual tools, the ride comfort performance of tyres is evaluated. The results show that tyre construction and inflation pressure have major influence on the ride comfort performance of EV tyres. Finally, the influence of tyre parameters on its ride comfort requirements without major compromise on other performances are identified.
“Experimental Investigations on NOx Reduction Using Antioxidant Additives in Conjunction with SCR in a Diesel Engine Powered by Ricinus Communis Biodiesel”
Authors: Krupakaran R L , Petla Ratna Kamala , Anchupogu Praveen , Gangula Vidyasagar Reddy , Ganipineni Jamuna Rani , Doddipalli Raghurami Reddy
Published: November 2023

The current study has concentrated on discovering and developing clean alternative energy sources like biodiesel and employing novel methods to reduce harmful emissions and enhance engine performance behavior. The consumption of biodiesel in diesel engines reduces the emissions from the tailpipe, but some researchers claim that it actually produces more NOx pollution than engines that run on regular diesel, which limits the use of biodiesel. In this study, Ricinus communis biodiesel was generated through transesterification process, and its fuel properties were assessed. The employ of biodiesel in diesel engines minimize exhaust emissions; however, multiple investigators claim that the consumption of biodiesel generates greater amounts of nitrogen oxide pollutants than diesel-fueled engines, which limits the possibility of biodiesel usage. In the present investigation, the combined influence of an antioxidant (tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ)) additive introduced to the fuel alteration method and SCR (selective catalytic reduction) as an after-treatment approach on NOx diminution in a Ricinus communis biodiesel -fuelled CI engine was investigated.The antioxidant stabilizer together with the SCR approach substantially decreases the pollutant of NOx by 86%, with a small rise in HC and CO pollutant caused by the addition of antioxidant as additives to Ricinus communis biodiesel and aqueous urea solution introduced at the tailpipe gasses without a significant drop in BTE and BSFC.
Witchcraft as Social Metaphor: Exploring the Supernatural Beliefs Among the Ogoni and Ikwerre of the Niger Delta
Authors: Burabari Sunday Deezia , Grace Lawrence-Hart
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the underlying philosophy, beliefs, and practices surrounding witchcraft among the Ogoni and Ikwerre ethnic groups  inhabiting the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Throughout recorded history, humanity has embarked upon a rational journey to  identify solutions to the myriad vicissitudes and afflictions that have plagued human existence. Belief in supernatural phenomena such as  witchcraft has conventionally furnished reasonable explanations for tragedy and occurrences deemed odd or inexplicable through conventional epistemologies. Within these cosmologies, witches are frequently perceived as enemies of societal equilibrium, capable of  inflicting ill health, misfortune, and diverse forms of affliction upon communities. However, while beliefs related to witchcraft and the supernatural may serve as metaphors for powerful forces or social dysfunction, they simultaneously constitute autonomous systems of  signs, symbols, and meanings that can potentially generate tangible positive effects for adherents, with historical origins rooted in  indigenous cultures. This paper uses the descriptive methodology to argue that witchcraft, as a construct dependent on human agency,  is not inherently immoral or detrimental. Rather, the central issue lies in the improper application of knowledge, experience, and  intelligence derived from witchcraft practices toward selfish ambitions, such as harming others for personal advantage. The paper concludes that if oriented toward serving the greater good, advancing human society, and promoting human dignity, witchcraft merits  encouragement, provided it is harnessed ethically through proper use.
Structural, Dielectric, Complex Impedance and Magnetoelectric Properties of the (1-x) KNbO3 - xMgFe2O4 Composites
Authors: Woldu Tesfakiros
Published: November 2023

Ferrite-ferroelectric nanoparticle composites have a promising potential for a wider range of applications for the manufacturing of new-generation devices due to the tenability of their electric and magnetic orders. In this present work, room-temperature magnetoelectric (ME) coupling studies of KNbO3/MgFe2O4 composites having a general formula (1-x) KNbO3 - xMgFe2O4 (where x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1) is presented.  The presence of the cubic spinel-ferrite phase of MgFe2O4 and the orthorhombic ferroelectric phase of KNbO3 were confirmed by the structural analysis which was employed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and morphology and grain size using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Magnetization versus magnetic field (M-H) measurements conform to ferromagnetic ordering and show improved magnetization with the increase in the ferrite phase. The existence of coupling between ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ordering was performed using a lock-in amplifier ME measurement setup. All the composite samples show good linear magnetoelectric coupling that increases with increasing ferrite content.  This composite nanostructure with a well-defined interface provides the possibility of an ideal model of room temperature ME coupling which is significant from the technological point of view for a variety of miniaturized next-generation device applications.
Optimization of leaching parameters for the extraction of copper from hematite-dominated copper ore using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Ayodele T.J. , Daniyan A.A. , Adeleke A.A. , Ola-Omole O.O.
Published: November 2023

The optimization of recovery of copper from Akiri hematite-dominated copper ore using hydrometallurgy was investigated in this study.  The Akiri copper ore deposit hosts a high-grade copper mineral from which copper metal can be extracted. However, the ore is  dominated by gangue minerals that need to be mechanically reduced for efficient copper recovery. The purpose of this study is to  optimize the extraction of the metal from hematite-dominated copper ore. The experiments that were carried out in the course of this  study include crushing, pulverization,mineralogical and chemical characterizations of the sample and sulpheric acid leaching. Response  surface methodology was used to optimize the system parameters namely;temperature, concentration of the leachant and contact time  so that an efficient method will be developed for the extraction of copper.Chalcopyrite, covellite and cuprite are the copper minerals  while the gangues minerals were quartz ,mica, hematite,etc.on the characterization of the copper ore. The major oxides in the ore are  hematite ,copper oxide and silica and revealed that the ore contains 4.61% copper and 65.8% iron. Effect of three independent factors like  concentration ,temperature and contact time for copper extraction from the hematite-dominated copper ore was studied.Central composite design method was applied to the proposed quadratic model that connect the factors used for best copper extraction at the  best process condition. The work shows that concentration of the acid was the best efficient factor for copper extraction compare to  temperature and contact time. This may be as a result of high value of F-statistics for the concentration of the leachant, which effects to  high level of copper extraction.Experimental and predicted values for weight loss from the copper ore were obtained as 39.10% and  39.03% at optimum conditions, respectively. The optimum conditions of 1.5M acid concentration, 90oC reaction temperature and  90minutes contact time were obtained and from which 6.64%Cu at recovery of 92.0% and 2.31%Fe was obtained without stirring. Also, the  ore was subjected to leaching with stirring at 400rpm with the optimum conditions obtained to know the effect. The grade obtained  was 7.84% Cu at recovery of 83.51% and iron content 5.47%. This shows that leaching without stirring is the best option against leaching  with stirring to extract the copper and to reduce the iron and other gangues contents in the copper ore.The activation energies were  estimated as 13.20kJ/mol and 22.67kJ/mol for liquid film diffusion and diffusion product layer respectively, the values indicate that the  leaching rate is controlled by diffusion process.
Co-delivery of combretastatin A4 and docetaxel with pegylated nanostructured lipid carriers in tumor cells
Authors: Jia Caifeng , Zhang Sen , Li Wenpan , Chu Chun , Hu Haiyang , Wang Mingxia , Chen Dawei
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To investigate a novel co-delivery system using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for simultaneous administration of two  potent anti-cancer drugs, combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and docetaxel (DTX), against tumor cells and vasculature.

Methods: The CA-4 and DTX co-loaded NLCs (C-D-NLC) were formulated and investigated for physical properties, stability, and drug  release. Safety and efficacy of C-D-NLC were investigated on Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) tumor cells in vitro and in vivo using cytotoxicity  and anti-tumor assays. The pharmacokinetics of CA-4 and DTX in rats after intravenous injection of C-D-NLC were also  studied to evaluate potential drug interactions.

Results: The C-D-NLC was successfully prepared with a spherical shape, mean size of 130 nm, negative charge, high encapsulation  efficiency and drug loading of 94.89, 88.16, 2.44, and 4.52 for DTX and CA-4, respectively. Also, C-D-NLC had a significant inhibitory effect  on LLC cells, superior to a single drug or solution group. Combretastatin A4 did not affect the pharmacokinetics of DTX, but combretastatin–docetaxel nanostructured lipid carriers (C-D-NLC) reduced plasma clearance of CA-4 and DTX, prolonged half-life, mean  residence time, and increased area under concentration curves (AUC) values. Furthermore, combretastatin–docetaxel nanostructured  lipid carriers (C-D-NLC) inhibited the growth of LLC tumors in mice and reduced drug toxicity.

Conclusion: Combretastatin–docetaxel  nanostructured lipid carriers (C-D-NLC) sustain drug release and enhance tumor growth inhibition of CA-4 and DTX by targeting both  tumor cells and vasculature. The co-delivery system prolongs drug circulation compared to solution administration. Thus, nanostructured  lipid carriers (NLCs) with dual drug loading may be a promising strategy for clinical combination chemotherapy in future.
Effectiveness of the combination of terbutaline and budesonide inhalation in treating acute bronchial asthma during pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Guozhi , Zhou Lina , Guo Shanshan , Wang Mei , Han Ling
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic benefits of terbutaline sulfate aerosol inhalation combined with budesonide, and its influence on pulmonary function in pregnant women suffering from acute bronchial asthma attacks.

Methods: A total of 100 pregnant patients diagnosed with acute bronchial asthma in PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical  Center, Beijing, China were divided into control and study groups (n = 50 each). Control group received aerosol inhalation of normal  saline along with standard treatments, viz, oxygen inhalation, sputum aspiration, anti-infection measures, and maintenance of water- electrolyte balance. Study group received combined terbutaline sulfate and budesonide aerosol inhalation in addition to standard  treatment. Both groups underwent a 7-day treatment course, with inhalation therapy twice daily.

Results: Study group showed  significantly shorter relief times for cough, wheezing, and chest tightness compared to control group (p < 0.05). After treatment, 92.0 % of  patients in study group exhibited improvement or relief from their symptoms, compared to 80.0 % in control group (p < 0.05).  Pulmonary function indices, including first vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF),  and FEV1/FVC, improved in both groups after treatment. Study group exhibited significantly lower laboratory indices, including  immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-reactive protein (CRP), and eosinophils (EOS) compared to control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The  combination of inhalation therapy of terbutaline sulfate with budesonide in pregnant women experiencing acute bronchial asthma  demonstrates significant enhancements in clinical effectiveness, pulmonary function, and laboratory parameters. Clinical trials of this  combined therapy should be carried out in other locations to ascertain the effect of population variation on treatment efficacy.
CircPDSS1 accelerates malignant progression of renal cell carcinoma through sponging of miR-182-5p
Authors: Wang Jia , Li Yan , Ou Yangsong , Qin Wan , Huang Wukui , Lu Cengceng , Ma Rongyan , Han Rui , Han Hu
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To investigate the biological function and mechanisms of circPDSS1 in triggering malignant progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to determine circPDSS1 levels in 50 pairs of RCC  and para-cancerous tissues. The relationship between circPDSS1 level and pathological indices in RCC patients was analyzed, while the in  vitro effect of circPDSS1 in regulating RCC proliferation was assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation and 5- ethynyl-2’-  deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. The sponge effect of circPDSS1 on miR-182-5p was examined by bioinformatics analysis and dual- luciferase reporter assay, while their involvement in mediating malignant progression of RCC was analyzed using rescue experiments. In  vivo, the influence of circPDSS1 on RCC growth was determined by establishing a xenograft model in nude mice. Thereafter, RCC tissues  were harvested from mice to assess relative levels of miR-182-5p and Ki-67.

Results: CircPDSS1 was highly expressed in RCC tissues (p <  0.05). A high level of circPDSS1 correlated with advanced tumor staging and low overall survival. Knockdown of circPDSS1 inhibited RCC  cell proliferation, and CircPDSS1 sponged and negatively regulated miR-182-5p (p < 0.05). MiR182-5p was able to abolish regulatory effect  of circPDSS1 on malignant proliferative potential in RCC cells. In nude mice bearing RCC, in vivo knockdown of circPDSS1 slowed down  tumor growth and decreased positive expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissues (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: CircPDSS1 predicts tumor stage and  prognosis in RCC patients. It triggers malignant progression of RCC through sponging of miR-182-5p.
MiR-22 inhibits angiotensin II-induced aortic dissection and protects aortic vessel wall in mice by targeting MAPK14
Authors: Yu Xinming , Zhao Zonggang , Tao Lili , Shun Xiao , Bing Liu
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To study the effect of miR-22 on angiotensin II-induced aortic dissection in mice, and its protective effect on aortic vessel wall,  as well the involvement of MAPK-14 in these processes.

Methods: A mouse aortic dissection model was established via subcutaneous implantation of angiotensin II (1 µg/kg/min) micropump in  the dorsal region. The mice (n = 30) were assigned in equal numbers to 5 groups (n = 6). All injections were given via the tail vein. The  miR-22 expressions in aortas of mice in each group were determined with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction  (qRT-PCR). Western blot assay was used to determine the expressions of MAPK-14 protein, while H&E staining was used to measure the  ratio of aortic thickness-to-diameter, and contents of collagen and elastic fibers.

Results: The expression of miR-22 in aorta of mice in  miR-22 overexpression group was significantly higher than that in overexpression control group, but significantly lower in miR-22  inhibition mouse than in inhibition control mouse (p < 0.05). There was significantly lower protein expression of MAPK-14 in mice aorta in  miR-22 overexpression mice than in overexpression control mice, but significantly upregulated in miR-22 inhibition mice, relative to that  in inhibition control mice (p < 0.05). In the miR-22 overexpression mice, the ratio of membrane thickness-to-diameter was higher than the  corresponding value in miR-22 inhibition mice. There were significantly higher contents of aortic elastic and collagen fibers in miR-22  overexpression mice than in overexpression control and miR-22 inhibition groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Overexpression of miR-22  inhibits the up-regulation of expression of its target gene mapk14, increases thickness of aortic media and aortic elasticity in mice, and  increase the content of collagen fibers, thereby exerting protective effect on aortic wall structure.
Thermal Performance of a Mechanical Thermostat for Charging an Energy Storage System
Authors: Tusiime Swaleh , Nyeinga Karidewa , Okello Denis , Nydal Ole J.
Published: November 2023

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems enhance the use of solar energy for cooking by matching the energy demand to its supply. Useful energy is extracted from TES systems that are thermally stratified and this is enhanced when charged at an averagely constant-temperature. This paper presents an experimental analysis of a mechanical-thermostat used to control the charging of an oil based TES system. The thermostat consisted of a slider-valve, an expansion-system acting both as a thermal-sensor and actuator, and an adjusting-knob for setting the charging temperature. Oil from a cold-oil reservoir flows by gravity into a heating-chamber when a manual valve is opened. In the heating-chamber, the oil is heated causing the oil to expand triggering the opening of the slider-valve at a preset temperature. This allows the hot-oil to flow into the TES system at the set temperature. The thermostat was demonstrated for charging a TES system at preset temperatures of 116 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C and 230 °C. The volume of hot-oil delivered into a TES tank decreased with increasing charging temperature. The observed temperature variations were minimized by reducing the oil flow-rate using a valve hence achieving a fairly stable charging temperature.
Ameliorative Effects of Vitamins C and E on Haematotoxicity and Spleen Histopathology Induced by Dichlorvos Insecticide in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Mfaume Halima , Pratap Harishchandra , Luziga Claudius , Urasa Felister
Published: November 2023

This research aimed to assess the toxicological effects of dichlorvos insecticide (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate or DDVP) on haematological indices of female Wistar rats and to investigate the antioxidant properties of vitamins C and E in ameliorating haematotoxicity. The rats were divided into 6 groups; control-water, control-oil, dichlorvos group, dichlorvos + vitamin C group, dichlorvos + vitamin E group and dichlorvos + vitamin C + E group. Dichlorvos and vitamins were orally administered to rats with an interval of half an hour between treatments. The control-oil group was given 2 ml corn oil and the control-water group was given water adlib. The treatments were done for 28 consecutive days and blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture. The following haematological parameters were analysed: RBC, WBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC and THR. Bone marrow smears were prepared on 14th and 28th days for various blood stem cells evaluation and spleen tissues for histopathology. There was a significant decrease (p ˂ 0.01) in RBC counts, PCV, MCV and MCH values, whereas the WBC, THR counts and MCHC values increased significantly (p ˂ 0.01) in dichlorvos treated rats as compared to the controls and dichlorvos + vitamins co-treated groups. There were no significant differences in blood parameter counts between controls and dichlorvos + vitamins co-treated groups. In the bone marrow smear of the dichlorvos treated group, there was increased number of megakaryocytes and mature neutrophils. In conclusion, findings from the current study revealed that, vitamins C and E supplements were capable of mitigating the haematotoxic effects induced by dichlorvos insecticide in Wistar rats.
Optimal Harvesting of Wildebeest-Lion Interactions in Serengeti Ecosystem with Prey Refuge
Authors: Hugo Alfred Kisuda , Sagamiko Thadei Damas , Mbalawata Isambi Sailon
Published: November 2023

This paper describes an optimal harvesting policy for a wildebeest-lion prey-predator system in the Serengeti ecosystem with prey refuge. A Holling Type II prey-predator model with a nonlinear harvesting aspect was developed. Theoretical and numerical analyses were performed, and the dynamic behaviour of the system was found to be mathematically well-posed. Data on lion population density from the Serengeti ecosystem were used to fit the model using the maximum-likelihood method. The optimal harvesting policy was numerically determined using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Furthermore, the impact of prey refuge on the predator population was numerically evaluated. The results of this study highlight the importance of managing the lion population in the ecosystem, specifically in terms of harvesting criteria, to ensure that the threshold for wildebeest-lion coexistence is not exceeded. Based on the findings, this paper argues that the lion population should be given special attention in terms of managerial harvesting criteria so that the threshold for the wildebeest-lion coexistence in the ecosystem is not exceeded.

Keywords: Prey-predator System, Wildebeest-Lion Harvesting, Serengeti Ecosystem, Prey Refuge.
Investigation of Antidiabetic Activities of Cu(II) Complex of Anacardium occidentale Leaves Crude Extract
Authors: Oladipo Mary Adelaide , Ajao Folasade Omobolanle , Adepoju Adewusi John , Ishola Kayode Taiwo , Afolabi Deborah Omowumi
Published: November 2023

Many synthetic chemical drugs have been widely used for the treatment of diabetes. However, many of these drugs are not locally available, are less effective, and are unaffordable for many diabetic patients in developing and underdeveloped countries. Therefore, in order to search for a locally available, effective, and cost-effective antidiabetic agent, this study synthesized the Cu(II) complex of crude leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale and investigated its antidiabetic activity in alloxan induced albino rats. The leaf crude extract and its metal complex were characterized using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Experimental diabetic animals were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate at a single dose of 140 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.), and animals with fasting blood glucose levels (BGL) > 200 mg/dl were considered diabetic. Metformin was used as a standard drug. Fasting blood glucose level (BGL) and body weight were examined in assessing the antidiabetic activities of the crude extract and its complex in the rats. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the antidiabetic activity at a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. The hypsochromic shifts of C=O and O-H bands in the Cu(II) complex and the high concentration of the metal ion in the metal complex established the coordination of the crude extract with the metal ion. A more significant reduction in the blood glucose level and increase in body weight in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats was observed when treated with the leaves crude extract and its Cu(II) complex than when treated with the standard drug metformin. It can be concluded that the Cu(II) complex of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg wt is more effective without abnormal weight gain and could be considered as a potential antidiabetic drug to replace some of the less effective and expensive conventional antidiabetic drugs.
Association of Residual Feed Intake to Metrics of Tanganyika Shorthorn Zebu Cattle in Maswa and Misungwi Districts, Tanzania
Authors: Chasama Godfrey L. , Chibwana Fred D. , Hepelwa Aloyce S. , Katandukila Jestina V.
Published: November 2023

Increasing competition for feed resources and greenhouse gases pollution have been compelling beef production systems to operate at higher feed utilization. These challenges imply the need to breed cattle for Residual Feed Intake (RFI) to lower feeding costs and enteric methane production per output. To explore relevant indicator traits of RFI, this study investigated the association of RFI to Tanganyika Shorthorn Zebu (TSZ) cattle metrics from the Misungwi and Maswa Districts of Tanzania, where Tarime and Sukuma ecotypes are common. A correlation study involving the fattening of twenty-eight TSZ bulls was conducted at Tanzania Livestock Research Institute -Mabuki. From the animals' body weight and feeding data, regression of daily feed intake on average daily gain and metabolic body weight was analyzed to estimate the animals' RFI. Subsequently, the correlation of RFI to metrics of belly, horn, hip, dewlap and body length was investigated. Residual Feed Intake and Belly Length (BeL) were highly positively correlated, while RFI and Dewlap Depth (DD) were moderately positively correlated. The results indicated prospects for using BeL and DD as indicator traits for RFI. Extensive studies are recommended to analyze the correlation of RFI to hump depth, ear length, muzzle circumference and kidney fat.
Assessment of Viability of Coal Mines in Tanzania for Extraction of Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Sija Juma , Mazunga Mohamed
Published: November 2023

This study aimed at determining the concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) in coal and coal fly ash (CFA) from three coal mines in Tanzania: Kiwira, Ngaka and Rukwa. The goal was to assess if these resources could be commercially viable for extracting REEs. Coal and CFA samples were analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The total concentrations of REEs in the coal samples ranged from 89.48 parts per million (ppm) to 196.30 ppm, while in CFA samples, ranged from 362.55 ppm to 475.77 ppm. Computed percentage of critical REEs (REYdef, rel%) and outlook coefficient (Coutl) values ranged from 27.41% to 50.74% and 0.62 to 2.00, respectively. Based on the evaluation criteria proposed for assessing coal and coal ash as sources of REEs, the results suggest that the studied coal and CFA samples have the potential to be used as sources of REEs for economic development. These findings have important implications for the Tanzanian government and other relevant authorities, as they provide valuable insights into the feasibility of investing in the coal and coal ash as promising sources of REEs. This is particularly significant considering the high global demands for REEs.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SRM (SEARCHING, READING, MAPPING) BERBASIS HOTS UNTUK PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP PADA MAHASISWA PAUD
Authors: Riza Eva , Puspitasari Putri Ratih , Ichsan Ilmi Zajuli
Published: November 2023

Pembelajaran terkait Pendidikan lingkungan hidup pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) memerlukan inovasi untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model SRM untuk Pendidikan lingkungan hidup pada mahasiswa PAUD agar HOTS mengalami peningkatan. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa PAUD di Jakarta Timur. Sampel yang digunakan adalah mahasiswa PAUD dengan status aktif (bukan cuti). Sampel dipilih secara acak dengan Teknik sampling random sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model SRM memiliki kategori valid dan layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Model SRM sebagai sebuah solusi memberikan sebuah pandangan tentang betapa pentingnya kemampuan mahasiswa pada abad 21 yang harus dikembangkan dalam hal ini berpikir kritis dan berpikir kreatif. Kemampuan ini perlu dilatih agar mahasiswa memiliki keampuan dalam memcahkan masalah yang sedang dihadapi saat ini
El Hospital de las Cinco Llagas de Sevilla. Génesis, personas clave, presencia y significación de la Casa fundadora
Authors: Calderón Berrocal María del Carmen
Published: November 2023

Nada más traspasar el umbral del Quinientos se funda en la ciudad de Sevilla un hospital, primero de dimensiones reducidas, como la mayoría de los de la época, –pero muy digno en comparación con el resto de los que había construidos en la época– y, a lo largo de las siguientes décadas del siglo va a ir adquiriendo unas proporciones que lo convertirán en uno de los edificios más  impresionantes y emblemáticos del Renacimiento hispalense. Su fundación se debe a una de las mujeres más emprendedoras del momento, perteneciente a la Casa nobiliaria de los Adelantados Mayores de Andalucía que tan importante papel había desempeñado a lo largo de toda la Edad Media por las relevantes funciones políticas, militares, económicas y fundamentalmente judiciales que acarreaba dicho cargo, sobre todo en la conquista de Al-Andalus. Tratamos aquí sobre el Hospital de las Cinco Llagas de Sevilla, su génesis, personas clave, presencia y significación de la Casa fundador
Resultados de la recaudación del impuesto a las nóminas en el caribe mexicano: gestión presidencial 2018 - 2019
Authors: Lagunas Puls Sergio , Rocha Martínez Beatriz de la Trinidad
Published: November 2023

Se analiza si la administración presidencial de México, iniciada en diciembre 2018, con políticas económicas antineoliberales, ha repercutido y en qué magnitud respecto a la recaudación del impuesto sobre nóminas en el estado de Quintana Roo y, como variable de contraste, en los pasajeros internacionales. Mediante pruebas de ajuste, se identifica la distribución para representar la magnitud de los cambios. Para conocer si existe independencia de la gestión gubernamental, se realizan pruebas de independencia en períodos presidenciales distintos. Se advierte que en la recaudación sí se presentaron cambios significativos, no obstante, la prueba de independencia sugiere que a pesar de ello fueron ajenos a la gestión presidencial.
Optimización de la contabilidad para emprendedores y startups. Revisión literaria
Authors: Arboleda Rafael Antonio Pinto , Morán Nancy Vanessa Quinaluisa , Méndez Yaritza Xiomara Ortega , Véliz Mariasol Belén Culcay , Loor Diana Carolina Estupiñán , Aguirre Jorge Marco Litardo
Published: November 2023

La optimización de la contabilidad para emprendedores y startups es un tema de investigación crucial en el mundo empresarial actual. Esta revisión literaria examina los principales hallazgos y tendencias en dicha área. La contabilidad en el contexto de emprendedores y startups es una revisión necesaria y  esencial, que va más allá de la mera teneduría de libros, es un componente crítico para la toma de decisiones estratégicas, el cumplimiento normativo y la gestión de recursos financieros limitados. A lo largo de esta exploración, se examinó cómo la optimización de la contabilidad puede ser un habilitador clave para el éxito y la supervivencia de estas empresas innovadoras, brindando soluciones prácticas y estratégicas a los desafíos únicos que enfrentan los emprendimientos y startups, de tal forma que la contabilidad eficiente es esencial para la supervivencia y el crecimiento de este tipo de empresas, ya que proporciona información financiera precisa, para la toma de decisiones estratégicas y el cumplimiento de obligaciones fiscales.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre inmunización en madres, padres y cuidadores que asisten al Centro de Salud Tipo C Lasso, Cotopaxi-Ecuador
Authors: Cuadro Zurita Gelena Maylin , Sánchez Jiménez Javier Alexander , Bonilla Caicedo Martha Cecilia , Díaz Armas María Teresa
Published: November 2023

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud señala que la inmunización es la base del sistema de atención primaria de salud y un derecho humano indiscutible, siendo una de las mejores inversiones en salud, esto hace que la inmunización sea fundamental para el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 3: Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos en todas las edades. Sin embargo, a pesar de los grandes avances, demasiadas personas en todo el mundo, incluidos casi 20 millones de bebés cada año tienen un acceso insuficiente a las vacunas. En algunos países, el progreso se ha disminuido y existe un riesgo real de que los logros del pasado disminuyan (WHO, 2019). El Ecuador cuenta con el programa Estrategia Nacional de Inmunización (ENI), tiene como objetivo primordial contribuir a reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad infantil de las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación. (Ministerio de Salud Pública, 2020). Objetivo:  Diagnosticar el nivel de conocimiento sobre inmunización en madres, padres y cuidadores de niñas y niños menores de dos años que asisten al Centro de Salud Tipo C Lasso, Cotopaxi, diciembre 2021 - febrero 2022. Materiales y métodos: El estudio fue descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal, cuya recolección de información se lo realizó en un momento de tiempo determinado, donde se identificó los principales factores sociales, demográficos, económicos y los conocimientos sobre inmunización que inciden en el incumplimiento del esquema de vacunación; a través de un cuestionario y se estableció la relación que existe entre los conocimientos sobre vacunas que poseen las madres, padres y cuidadores con el estado vacunal; cuya verificación del estado vacunal se lo hizo a través de los tarjeteros de vacunación y carnet de vacunas. Se utilizó la prueba de coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para determinar el grado de relación entre el estado vacunal y los conocimientos sobre la definición, enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación y esquema de vacunas. Resultados: De la muestra de estudio el 79% tiene un conocimiento incorrecto sobre la definición de vacunas, el 51% conoce acerca de los lugares del cuerpo donde se administra las vacunas, el 78% desconoce acerca de las fechas de vacunación según las edades correspondientes, en relación a los conocimientos sobre las reacciones secundarias el 72% desconoce acerca de esta temática. Conclusión: Los conocimientos que poseen las madres, padres y cuidadores de niñas y niños menores de dos años son incorrectos e influyen directamente sobre el estado vacunal.
Evolución del Sistema de Salud desde 1979 hasta 2022 en Ecuador
Authors: Inca Ruiz Gerardo Patricio
Published: November 2023

Introducción: Las políticas de salud pública cambiaron en el Ecuador desde 1979, desde la atención directa a la enfermedad y sin ninguna coordinación entre las instituciones prestadoras de servicios, a estrategias integrales de curación, prevención, promoción y rehabilitación a través de la red pública de salud que funciona actualmente, por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer la evolución en la construcción del sistema nacional de salud, en este último periodo democrático en el Ecuador. Método: Es un estudio de tipo cualitativo, descriptivo, de diseño narrativo, sustentada en publicaciones históricas y científicas relacionados con el sistema de salud ecuatoriano de 1979 al 2022. Resultados: la construcción del sistema de salud estuvo ligado a decisiones políticas, producto del pensamiento ideológico del gobierno de turno, y que se evidencia en cambios constitucionales, cambios en la concepción de salud, determinación de los principios y fundamentos que deben regirla y en permanentes reformas que se implementaron a través del tiempo. Conclusiones: Se han hecho esfuerzos tanto a nivel legal, como político y económico parar mejorar el sistema de salud en el Ecuador, y no se logra construirlo, debido a la inexistencia de una política de estado, que vaya más allá de los intereses y visones políticas de los gobiernos de turno.
A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO CLINICO: SEPSIS POST PUNCIÓN DE BIOPSIA DE PRÓSTATA
Authors: Villacorta Córdova Francisco Ney , Boya Portocarrero Jorman José , Criollo Abarca Pablo Daniel , Merino Alvarado Cinthya Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Introducción: El cáncer de próstata generalmente se diagnostica mediante un examen rectal, aunque en ocasiones es necesario el apoyo de exámenes complementarios, como la biopsia prostática. La biopsia más usada alrededor del mundo es la transrectal y sirve para obtener muestras de tejido prostático en pacientes con sospecha de cáncer de próstata.  Sin embargo, este procedimiento presenta una tasa de sepsis post-procedimiento de 0.3% a 0.8%, con una tasa de hospitalización del 1.1% debido a infecciones post-biopsia. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 71 años con antecedentes de hiperplasia prostática, acude a hospital privado en Quito para someterse una a biopsia prostática transrectal de manera ambulatoria, estable en su recuperación y dado de alta posteriormente. Dos días después de la intervención, presenta cuadro clínico por lo cual es ingresado al área de emergencias, se presenta inestable e ingresa al área de terapia intensiva con el diagnóstico de shock séptico más disfunción orgánica múltiple, por lo que se inicia terapia antimicrobiana con meropenem. Sin embargo, no tiene una evolución favorable por lo cual se le adiciona linezolid al cuarto día, evidenciando una disminución de la serie blanca y compensación del paciente, quien a los 12 días se estabiliza y es transferido a hospitalización. Conclusión: La biopsia transrectal es un método invasivo en el cual la complicación séptica es frecuente. No obstante, si las mismas no son tratadas con experticia y atención, pueden comprometer gravemente la vida del paciente e incluso llevarlo a la muerte.