bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-particle time-domain interferometry in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect regime.
Authors: Taktak Imen , Kapfer Maelle , Nath Jayshankar , Roulleau Preden , Acciai Matteo , Splettstoesser Janine , Farrer Ian , Ritchie David , Glattli Denis
Published: February 2022

As with like particles in ordinary vacuum, quasi-particles are elementary excitations of the ground state of condensed matter quantum phases. Demonstrating that they keep quantum coherence while propagating is a fundamental issue and an important challenge for their manipulation for quantum information tasks. This is particularly the case for the quasi-particles called anyons of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE), a quantum phase displayed by two-dimensional electronic conductors in high magnetic fields. These fractionally charged quasi-particles obey anyonic statistics intermediate between fermionic and bosonic. Their quantum coherence has been observed by their transmission through the discrete localized states of electronic Fabry-Pérot interferometers [1-5]. Surprisingly, no quantum interference of anyons was observed in electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometers [6-8] for which the quasi-particle transmission occurs via propagating states forming a continuum of states. Here we address this puzzle by demonstrating that FQHE anyons do keep a finite quantum coherence while propagating along extended states by using a different kind of interferometry, namely two-particle time-domain interference [9] using an electronic beam-splitter. By varying the time delay between photo-created electron-hole pairs and measuring cross-correlated noise sensitive to the two-particle Hanbury Brown Twiss (HBT) phase [9], we observe strong quasi-particle interference. Visibilities as high as 53% and 60% are observed for e/5 and e/3 charged anyons propagating on the FQHE chiral edges modes. Our results give a positive message for the challenge of performing controlled quantum coherent braiding of anyons and call for a better understanding of the absence of interference in Mach-Zehnder interferometers.
Emergency Intubation of Critically Ill Covid-19 Patients Using Conventional Laryngoscope: A Descriptive Observational Study
Authors: Ratnayake Ashani , Rajapakse Ayeshani , Kumarihamy Prabhashini , Jayasinghe Amila
Published: February 2022

Background
Video laryngoscopy is recommended for critically ill COVID-19 patients due to safety concerns and to avoid complications. It is not available in some places forcing the operator to rely on conventional laryngoscope. Intubations in critically ill COVID is challenging and may lead to adverse complications and this may be affected by the laryngoscope used. The aim of the study was to analyse predictors of difficult intubation, complexity of intubation and complications of using conventional laryngoscopy in emergency intubations of COVID- 19 patients.
Methods
A prospective observational study was done in COVID Intensive care unit of Base Hospital- Teldeniya, Sri Lanka from 1st of January 2021 to August 2021. Data was collected using a performa filled by operator at the end of the intubation. Apart from demographic data and clinical parameters, data related to intubation including MACOCHA score which is a validated score predicting difficult intubation in ICU(3) and Intubation difficulty scale (IDS) which measures actual complexity of intubation(4) were collected. The complications related to intubation were also analysed.
Results
84 out of 91 emergency intubations were done using conventional laryngoscope. Out of them 50.72% were male and 49.27% Were female. Mean age was 50.75 years. First pass success rate was 83.3%. 25% had MACOCHA score more than 3. Most patients scored on the desaturation component of the score. Despite this only 50% of the predicted difficult intubations actually had major difficulty in intubation. The commonest complication was hypotension. 12 had suffered cardiac arrest, and 4 of them were fatal.
Conclusions
Intubation of Critically ill COVID-19 patients are challenging, but can be done successfully with conventional laryngoscope. However, one must prepare for complications including cardiac arrest.
Measuring time with stationary quantum clocks
Authors: Strelchuk Sergii , Woods Mischa
Published: February 2022

Time plays a fundamental role in our ability to make sense of the physical laws in the world around us. The nature of time has puzzled people — from the ancient Greeks to the present day — resulting in a long running debate between philosophers and physicists alike to whether time needs change to exist (the so-called relatival theory), or whether time flows regardless of change (the so-called substantival theory). One way to decide between the two is to attempt to measure the flow of time with a stationary clock, since if time were substantival, the flow of time would manifest itself in the experiment. Alas, conventional wisdom suggests that in order for a clock to function, it cannot be a static object, thus rendering this experiment seemingly impossible. Here we show, with the aid of counterfactual measurements, the surprising result that a quantum clock can measure the passage of time even while being switched off, thus lending constructive support for the substantival theory of time.
Motion tracking with a human vs. robot partner - performance and learning
Authors: Ivanova Ekaterina , Eden Jonathan , Carboni Gerolamo , Krüger Jörg , Burdet Etienne
Published: February 2022

Many tasks such as physical rehabilitation, vehicle co-piloting or surgical training, rely on the physical assistance from a partner. While this assistance may be provided by a robotic interface, how to implement the necessary haptic support to help improve performance without impeding learning is unclear. In this paper, we study the influence of haptic interaction on the performance and learning of a shared tracking task. We compare the interaction with a human partner, the trajectory guidance traditionally used in training robots, and a human-like robotic partner in a tracking task. While trajectory guidance resulted in the best performance during training, it dramatically reduced error variability and hindered learning. In contrast, the reactive human and robot partners did not impede the adaptation and allowed the subjects to learn without modifying their movement patterns. Moreover, interaction with a human partner was the only condition that demonstrated an improvement in retention and transfer learning compared to a subject training alone. These results suggest that for movement assistance and learning, algorithms that react to the user's motion and change their behaviour accordingly are better suited.
Alteplase for Treating Thrombosis in Kawasaki Disease Patients with CAA Should Not be Limited to 12 Hours of Illness: A Single-Center Study Report
Authors: chu yanqiu , xu yunming , wang ce , yu xiaona , ma quanmei , wang hong
Published: February 2022

Objective
The most severe complication associated with giant coronary aneurysm in children with Kawasaki disease is ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) caused by thrombolysis. Effective thrombolytic therapy has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life in long term.
Methods
To describe the effects of alteplase for once + heparin for 1 week/ then continue warfarin + aspirin + clopidogrel oral treatment for KD children with central thrombus in coronary aneurysm. These patients were treated in pediatric cardiology department of Shengjing hospital, China medical university, between 2020 Jan to 2021 August.
Results
Total 4 boys (7 times) had CAA complicated with central thrombosis. 5 times treatment with alteplase and heparin/ warfarin/ aspirin/ clopidogrel for 10 days to 2 months, all succeed.
Conclusion
1. In KD pediatric patients complicated with coronary aneurysm thrombosis, small but convexity lumen thrombus with strong echo less than one month and large thrombus with strong and weak mixed echo, coronary artery blood flow can be improved or completely recovered after the above treatment. 2. Alteplase should not be strictly limited to within 12 hours of thrombosis. 3. Children with KD complicated with coronary aneurysm thrombosis are prone to thrombosis again.
Analysis of Expression Levels and Functions of MDK and PTN Genes in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jiang Fengqin , Huang Huilian , Liu Yang
Published: February 2022

Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and the fourth most lethal type of cancer. Current therapies for CRC mainly include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, the therapeutic effects of these therapies are not satisfactory for advanced CRC patients. Therefore, there has been ongoing research looking for better diagnostic targets that may give rise to more efficient interventions. Midkine (MDK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) are two important heparin-binding cytokines. These proteins are highly expressed in many human tumor cells, but have low or no expression in normal tissues. Methods To identify novel diagnostic targets for CRC, we herein analyzed the expression patterns of MDK and PTN genes in colorectal cancer and normal samples by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) databases. Results We found that both genes were abnormal expressed in CRC samples and involved in the regulation of immune response and cell metabolism, and the expression levels of these two genes had significant prognostic value. Conclusions In conclusion, our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the functions of MDK and PTN genes in colorectal cancer.
Genomic prediction in plants: opportunities for machine learning-based approaches
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Dijk Aalt D.J. van , Nijveen Harm , Mansoor Shahid , de Ridder Dick
Published: February 2022

Many studies have demonstrated the utility of machine learning (ML) methods for genomic prediction (GP) of various plant traits, but a clear rationale for choosing ML over conventionally used, often simpler parametric methods is still lacking. Predictive performance of GP models might depend on a plethora of factors including sample size, number of markers, population structure and genetic architecture. Here, we investigate which problem and dataset characteristics are related to good performance of ML methods for genomic prediction. We compare the predictive performance of two frequently used ensemble ML methods (Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting) with parametric methods including genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), reproducing kernel Hilbert space regression (RKHS), BayesA and BayesB. To explore problem characteristics, we use simulated and real plant traits under different genetic complexity levels determined by the number of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), heritability (h2 and h2e), population structure and linkage disequilibrium between causal nucleotides and other SNPs. Results show that ML methods are a better choice for nonlinear phenotypes and still comparable to Bayesian methods for linear phenotypes in the case of large effect QTNs. Furthermore, we find that ML methods are susceptible to confounding due to population structure and less sensitive to low linkage disequilibrium than linear parametric methods. Overall, this provides insights into the role of ML in GP as well as guidelines for practitioners.
A Hybrid Approach to Histopathological Diagnosis of Paratuberculosis in Sheep with Image Classification and Explainable Artificial Intelligence with Grad-CAM
Authors: Şengöz Nilgün , Yiğit Tuncay , Özmen Özlem , Işık Ali Hakan , Hemanth Jude
Published: February 2022

Paratuberculosis is a chronic, progressive, and economically important disease. The diagnosis of the disease, especially in the early stage, is difficult. Deep learning is an emerging method in the histopathological diagnosis of images. Deep Learning is the system that can perform automatic feature extraction in training sets containing tagged images and that enables the use of multi-layered neural networks, unlike machine learning. In this article, deep learning methods were used for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in sheep’s gut images. Normal intestinal histological images were used as control data. This study revealed that the deep learning method can be used with high accuracy for the histopathological diagnosis of paratuberculosis. According to Deep Learning models, the highest accuracy is proposed model Fastai/VGG-16 which has Classification Accuracy 98,36 not only this one but also the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) is 0,967. According to classification accuracy, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was used to better understand the explainability and safety level of the model. The aim of this study, build a model that was developed to help pathologists diagnose paratuberculosis disease by transferring the diagnostic information of pathologists to deep learning models and also present an explainable model for paratuberculosis, an image-based diagnostic problem in which deep learning processes can be applied effectively.
A Novel Magnetic Compression Technique for Cystostomy in Rabbits
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Mao Jianqi , Li Yixing , Xu Shuqin , Gai Jingci , Lan Ting , Wang Yirui , Ren Yuxiang , Shi Aihua , Lyu Yi , Yan Xiaopeng
Published: February 2022

Magnetic compression technique (MCT) is a popular new anastomosis method. In this paper, we aimed to explore the feasibility of use of MCT for performing cystotomy in rabbits. The parent magnets and daughter magnets for rabbit cystostomy were designed and manufactured according to the anatomical characteristics of rabbit lower urinary tract. Twelve female New Zealand rabbits were used as animal models. After anesthesia, a daughter magnet was inserted into the bladder through the urethra, and the parent magnet was placed on the body surface projection of the bladder over the abdominal wall. The two magnets automatically attract each other. Postoperatively, the state of magnets was monitored daily, and the time when the magnets fell off was recorded. Cystostomy with MCT was successfully performed in all twelve rabbits. The mean operation time was 4.46 ± 0.75 min. The magnets fell off from the abdominal wall after a mean duration of 10.08 ± 1.62 days, resulting in the formation of bladder fistula. Macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that the fistula was well formed and unobstructed. The junction between bladder and abdominal wall was tight and smooth. We provide preliminary experimental evidence of the safety and feasibility of cystostomy based on MCT.
Accuracy of Image Analysis for Linear Zoometric Measurements in Dromedary Camels
Authors: Gherissi Djalel Eddine , Lamraoui Ramzi , Chacha Faycel , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Published: February 2022

The present study consisted in verifying the effectiveness of the image analysis method for body measurement in dromedary camel compared to manual measurements as a reference method. To do this, twenty-one linear body measurements were estimated on 59 adult Sahraoui dromedary camels (22 males and 37 females) with normal clinical condition by the standard method using a measuring stick or vernier caliper. Image analysis on profile, front or behind photographs were processed using Axiovision Software. Overall; mean comparison, relative error, variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient and coefficient of variance showed that the image analysis method is accurate in relation to the manual measurement. Furthermore, image analysis results indicated relevant accuracy (bias correction factor, Cb ≈1) and precision (Pearson ρ ≈ 1) which were significantly correlated with the results of the reference method (Lin's concordance correlation coefficients rccc ≈ 1). According to Blant Altman upper and lower limits of agreement, the concordance was estimated between 93.22 and 98.3%. Passing-Bablok regression showed good relationship between results of the two methods displaying no significant systematic and proportional bias. The image analysis method for linear body measurements in dromedary camel yielded results that are in agreement with the manual measuring method. This method is a valid tool for studies on camel conformation traits.
Assessment Of Bone Resorption In ONFH With MR Imaging
Authors: Shi Shan , Sun Li , Yang Xuedong , Tong Haibin , Luo Ping , Xie Limin , Yu Tong
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze the image characteristics of bone resorption lesion in Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) on MR. 359 cases with ONFH staged as ARCO 2/3 were retrospectively analyzed, and 46 cases were included finally. General information, CT/MR signs of bone resorption, and bone marrow edema were evaluated and compared between two types of T2WI signal group. The sensitivity of MR in detecting bone resorption was 70.6%, and the specificity was 100%. The number, ADC value of bone resorption, BME, and the incidence of bone resorption connected to the subchondral fracture fissure were significantly greater in group 2 than 1. The intensity of bone resorption was significantly lower in group 2 than 1. MR performance good in detection of bone resorption. T2 Type I signal bone resorption lesions should be carefully detected to avoid missed diagnosis. T2 Type II signal bone resorption lesions may indicate destructive repair type.
Fluoroscopy-guided trans-urethral exchange of double-J ureteral stents
Authors: Kwak JungWon , Cho Sung Beom
Published: February 2022

Background: For patients with malignant ureteral obstruction or stricture who require long-term internal drainage, plastic double-J stents represent the mainstay of therapeutic strategies.DJ stents should be replaced at least once every 6 months to avoid infection or obstruction. Although DJ stents are generally replaced under cystoscopy, successful fluoroscopy-guided retrograde replacement of DJ stents in the interventional suite has been described in the literature.Methods: Between April 2004 and May 2020, we exchanged 143 DJ stents in 19 male and 22 female patients under fluoroscopic guidance using Nelaton catheters, snare catheters, and 8F DJ stents. All procedures were performed with patients under sedation and local anesthesia. There were 39 patients with malignant ureteral obstruction and two patients with benign ureteral strictures. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Technical success, clinical success, complications, procedure time, and mean interval between two procedures were retrospectively reviewed, and the factors affecting the success rate of the procedure were analyzed.Results: Obstruction was detected at the abdominal ureter in 4 patients, pelvic ureter in 29 patients, and intravesical ureter in 8 patients. Twenty-six patients underwent two or more sessions of the procedures, whereas 15 patients underwent single-session procedures. Total 34 outpatient-based procedures and 109 inpatient-based procedures were performed. Technical success and clinical success were achieved in 94.4% (135/143) and 93.3% (126/135) procedures, respectively. Mean procedure time was 21.5 minute (range 9–192 min). Mean procedure interval was 101.8 days (range 5–306 days). Technical success was negatively affected by male sex and obstruction at the pelvic ureter and was positively affected by previous successful exchange. Left-sided ureteral stent placement and old age negatively influenced clinical success. Septic shock occurred in one patient and was treated with antibiotics. Conclusion: Fluoroscopy-guided trans-urethral exchange of DJ stents is an effective and less painful procedure.
Association of Lipid Metabolism Related Gene Promoter Methylation with Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Yongyi , Huang Ritai , Lian Feng , Xu Genxing , Wang Weijun , Xue Song
Published: February 2022

Background: CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) is a complex disease that influenced by environment and genetic factors. Lipid levels are regarded as major risk factor of CAD and epigenetic mechanisms might be involved in the regulation of CAD development. This study was designed to investigate the association between DNA methylation status of 8 lipid metabolism related genes and risk of CAD in Chinese Han population. Methods: A total of 260 samples were used in this study, including 120 CAD cases and 140 normal health controls. DNA methylation status was tested via targeted bisulfite sequencing. Results: The present results indicated a significant association between hypomethylation of APOC3, CETP and APOC1 gene promoter and risk of CAD. Individuals with higher methylation levels in APOA5 and LIPC gene promoter have increased risks for CAD. In addition, a gender based breakdown analysis revealed that ANGPTL4 methylation level was significantly associated with CAD in male, but not in female. There were no significant differences in methylation levels of APOB and PCSK9 gene promoter between CAD patients and controls. Conclusion: Methylation status of APOC3, APOA5, LIPC, CETP and APOC1 gene promoters may be associated with development of CAD.
Impacts of Food Consumption on Biochemical Markers and Anthropometric Variables of Women With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Michalichen Kelly , Weber Vinícius Muller Reis , Queiroga Marcos Roberto , Fernandes Daniel Zanardini , Carreira Clisia Mara , Vieira Edgar Ramos , Venturini Danielle
Published: February 2022

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of diseases characterized by insulin resistance. MetS has a high prevalence among women, and food intake impacts MetS. Also, MetS is related to a high level of inflammation in the individual; however, the impacts of whole diets in biochemical and anthropometrical markers and the effects on MetS need to be elucidated. In this case, the objective of this study was assess the relationship between food intake, biochemical and anthropometrical markers in women with MetS. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, in which one hundred and twenty-two women participated in the assessment of biochemical (glycated hemoglobin, glycaemia, insulin, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, C-reactive protein) and anthropometrical (body mass, height, waist circumference - WC) variables. The participants also completed blood pressure and the 24-hour dietary recall assessments. Out of the 122 participants, 44 (36%, age: 59±11 years) had MetS and were included in the analysis. Results: The consumption of monounsaturated fats had a direct relationship with glycaemia (b=7.27), whereas the consumption of fibers had an inverse relationship with body mass (b=-0.71) and WC (b=-0.56). Conclusion: The intake of monounsaturated fats and fiber was related to higher blood sugar levels and lower body mass and WC, respectively. These relationships elucidate and highlight the significance and importance of adequate diet in women with MetS.
Effectiveness of Active Learning Strategy on Learning of Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Khatoon Fareha , Sinha Parul , Ahmad Ayesha , Singh Amrita , Saxena Shoadashi
Published: February 2022

Background: With the vast heterogeneity of teaching methods, there remains a dilemma on what works best for teaching medical students. Keeping this in mind, we have conducted a qualitative study on flipped classroom technique-an active learning method. Active teaching learning strategies are learner oriented, helps students in application, analysis, evaluation and synthesis of knowledge.Methods: This study was conducted at a Tertiary care hospital in North India over a period of 2 months, amongst 2nd year undergraduate medical students attending classes in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. In a weekly class for 25 students, 6-7 were randomly selected for active learning sessions. Every week a different set of students were taken. 50 students from a class of 150 were enrolled for the sessions.The initial 60 minutes was given to read the assigned topics, in the next 60 minutes relevant discussion on clinical aspects and application was done and a feedback form was filled by the students. It consisted of questions on usefulness of the session, content and overall performance based on four level rubric grading system. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed on the basis of frequency distribution.Results: 29(58%) students found the method excellent, 18(36%) were also receptive towards it (scoring it 7 to 8 in terms of usefulness). None of the students found this method to be bad for learning and retaining. 32(64%) students found it excellent in terms content and teaching, 15(30%) students found it good with respect to content and 14(28%) with respect to teaching. Few students (6% and 8%) found it average in both aspects. Overall performances indicate that 68% students scored it as excellent; 24% as good and 8% as average. At the end of the session, 72% students felt an increase in confidence levels; 20% were unsure whether they had benefitted and 8% did not find any increase in confidence levels. Majority of students (76%) found these classes more interactive and easy to comprehend.Conclusions: Active teaching learning based on Flipped classroom pattern finds good satisfaction amongst students.
Factors influencing success of MSME's entrepreneurs: A study at Bangalore city
Authors: C YADUNANDAN M
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to look into the critical success factors (CSFs) of micro, small and medium enterprise (MSMEs) in Bangalore. A questionnaire was created using several factors/indicators identified in earlier studies and data was collected from 230 MSMEs entrepreneurs. Individual factors, business characteristics, management factors, business support, capital availability, and the business environment were grouped into six categories by exploratory factor analysis. Researchers used CFA to ensure the accuracy of their measurements, and then a SEM model was created to examine the influence of various variables on an entrepreneur's chances of success. The most important predictor of entrepreneur success was found to be the presence of a business support factor. Results of this study add to the body of knowledge and discuss managerial implications that are useful for current and new business owners and entrepreneurs.
Bi-columnar locking plate fixation through a combined medial and lateral approach for the treatment of low transcondylar fractures of the distal humerus in the elderly
Authors: Park Sam-Guk , Seok Hyun-Gyu
Published: February 2022

BackgroundLow transcondylar fractures of the distal humerus are relatively uncommon elbow injuries. These fractures tend to occur in elderly patients after low-energy injuries. Due to the complexity of distal humeral geometry and the often small and osteoporotic distal fragments, stable internal fixation may be extremely difficult to achieve. The purpose of this study was to present the outcomes of bi-columnar internal fixation through a combined medial and lateral approach, for the treatment of LTF of the distal humerus in the elderly.MethodsA total of 46 patients diagnosed with distal humeral fractures between 2017 May and 2020 April were prospectively enrolled in this study. Thirty patients were excluded and 16 patients who underwent medial and lateral approach for open reduction and internal fixation were selected. Clinical outcome was assessed based on the VAS, MEPS, DASH, and ROM of the elbow joint. Standardized radiographs were obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, and at the last follow-up visit to evaluate for bony union and to check complications.ResultsThe average follow-up period was 23.6 months (range, 12–42 months). The mean age was 81 years (range, 65–91 years). Bony union was achieved in 15 out of 16 patients. The mean VAS score was 2.1 (range, 0–6), the mean MEPS was 84.4 (range, 70–100), and the mean DASH score was 20.6 (range, 9.5–33.6). There were three complications including reduction loss, skin necrosis, and stiffness of the elbow.ConclusionLTFs of the distal humerus in the elderly can yield satisfactory results with bi-columnar internal fixation through a combined medial and lateral approach.Level of evidenceLevel IV, case series.
Anti-GD2 antibody for radiopharmaceutical imaging of osteosarcoma
Authors: FU YINGLI , Yu Jing , Liatsou Ioanna , Du Yong , Josefsson Anders , Nedrow Jessie R. , Rindt Hans , Bryan Jeffrey , Kraitchman Dara L. , Sgouros George
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequently diagnosed bone cancer in children with little improvement in overall survival in the past decades. The high surface expression of disialoganglioside GD2 on OS tumors and restricted expression in normal tissues makes it an ideal target for anti-OS radiopharmaceuticals. Since human and canine OS share many biological and molecular features, spontaneously occurring OS in canines has been an ideal model for testing new imaging and treatment modalities for human translation. In this study, we evaluated a humanized anti-GD2 antibody, hu3F8, as a potential delivery vector for targeted radiopharmaceutical imaging of human and canine OS. Methods: The cross reactivity of hu3F8 with human and canine OS cells and tumors was examined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The hu3F8 was radiolabeled with Indium-111 and the biodistribution of [111In]In-hu3F8 was assessed in tumor xenograft-bearing mice. The targeting ability of [111In]In-hu3F8 to metastatic OS was tested in spontaneous OS canines. Results: The hu3F8 cross reacts with human and canine OS cells and canine OS tumors with high binding affinity. Biodistribution studies revealed selective uptake of [111In]In-hu3F8 in tumor tissue. SPECT/CT imaging of spontaneous OS canines demonstrated avid uptake of [111In]In-hu3F8 in all metastatic lesions. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the extensive binding of radiolabeled hu3F8 within both osseous and soft lesions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting GD2 on OS cells and spontaneous OS canine tumors using hu3F8-based radiopharmaceutical imaging. Its ability to deliver an imaging payload in a targeted manner suggests that labeling hu3F8 with a therapeutic radionuclide may yield a potent radiopharmaceutical agent against OS.
ADIRF Suppresses Tumor Progression And Involves Keratinocyte Differentiation In Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Meng , Fan Xiaotong , Zhu Shaohua , Zhao Xin , Guo Quan , Wang Lulu , fang Na , Han Ying , Liu Zhiguo
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Adipogenesis regulatory factor (ADIRF) regulates fat cell development and promotes adipogenic differentiation, but the role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknow. We aimed to interpret the regulatory effects of ADIRF in the progression and differentiation of ESCC.Methods: The expression ADIRF was evaluated in the RNA-seq dataset and the immunohistochemically examined in the ESCC tissues. The associations with the clinical features were studied in an ESCC cohort. The effect on ESCC cells growth and migration were assessed. The core functions of ADIRF were analyzed according to the co-expressed genes. Results: The expression of ADIRF was decreased in cancerous mucosa and significantly downregulated in the advanced ESCCs. The immunostainings of ADIRF were reversely correlated with the progressing of AJCC stage (r=-0.41) and tumor stage (r=-0.56) in the carcinomas. The high expression of ADIRF was capable to indicated the patients without deep invasion (AUC=0.805, P<0.001). In multiple ESCC cells, ADIRF overexpression obviously suppressed the cell proliferation, migration and division. According to assessing the core functions of co-expressed genes, the ADIRF was putatively associated with the keratinocyte differentiation. Among the keratinocyte differentiation associated genes, SPRR1A, SPRR1B, PKP3, SPRR2D, and FLG were detected to independently correlate with the ESCC prognosis. Thereinto, SPRR1A was with the minimum hazard ratio (HR=0.11, 95%CI: 0.02-0.62) and significantly downregulated in the advanced ESCCs. Conclusions: ADIRF might suppress the tumor progression and be speculated to regulate esophageal keratinocyte differentiation during the development of ESCC.
EPR Dosimetry Of Synthesized Nano-Crystalline Hydroxyapatite: Effect Of Making Procedure
Authors: Hajiloo Nahid , Ziaie Farhood
Published: February 2022

The EPR response of hydroxyapatite (HAP) samples was studied from a dosimetric standpoint in this paper. The HAP samples were prepared from several ways for this aim. Under the 60Co-source radiation, the synthesized samples were irradiated at various absorbed doses ranging from 0.1 to 45 kGy. HAP samples' EPR response in air was tested at room temperature. The peak-to-peak signal amplitude was then obtained from the difference in EPR signal intensities. The findings show the role of making procedure and subsequently particle size, carbon impurity and morphology in EPR response.
Design of a Two-Component Force Measurement System and Its Application in a Wind Tunnel
Authors: Caliskan Mehmet E , Sabirli Muhammet U , Karagoz Irfan
Published: February 2022

Measuring the force components on an object simultaneously is one of the problems encountered in engineering. The design of a measurement system that can simultaneously measure such forces, as well as its working principles, production stages and application of this system in a wind tunnel are presented. The system consists of an arm to which the model is attached, a five-bar mechanism, and load cells that measure horizontal and vertical forces. The signals obtained from the load cells are amplified and transferred to a computer. Manufacture of the parts, assembly and calibration of the system are explained. An application of the measurement system was carried out in a wind tunnel and the results are presented.
TRIM24 controls induction of latent HIV-1 by stimulating transcriptional elongation
Authors: Horvath Riley , Dahabieh Matthew , Malcolm Tom , Sadowski Ivan
Published: February 2022

Expression of HIV-1 in response to T cell signaling requires TFII-I bound to conserved sites flanking the LTR enhancer. Here we demonstrate that TFII-I recruits tripartite motif protein TRIM24 to the HIV-1 LTR by direct interaction. Constitutive interaction of TRIM24 with the LTR was dependent upon TFII-I, and knockout of TRIM24 impaired reactivation of HIV-1 expression in response to T cell signaling. Loss of TRIM24 did not affect recruitment of RNA Pol II to the LTR promoter, but inhibited transcriptional elongation, an effect associated with decreased RNA Pol II CTD S2 phosphorylation and impaired recruitment of CDK9. Furthermore, TRIM24 deficiency resulted in altered T cell immune response, an effect that is facilitated by TFII-I. These results demonstrate a novel role of TRIM24 for regulation of transcriptional elongation from the HIV-1 promoter, through its interaction with TFII-I, and by recruitment of P-TEFb. Furthermore, these factors co-regulate a significant proportion of genes involved in T cell immune response, consistent with tight coupling of HIV-1 transcriptional activation and T cell signaling.
Neferine, A Novel ROCK1 Targeting Inhibitor, Blocks EMT Process and Induces Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hu Po , Wan Peng , Xu Anna , Yan Binghui , Liu Chunmei , Xu Qixuan , Wei Zhenhuan , Xu Jingyi , Liu Siqi , Yang Guangming , Pan Yang
Published: February 2022

The compounds derived from Traditional Chinese Medicines have shown various pharmacological activities with unique advantages, especially in the aspect of anti-tumor. Neferine (Nef), a natural compound, extracted from green seed embryos of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) also exerts antitumor effects on cancers. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of Nef on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were evaluated. The results showed that Nef had the antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro. Nef significantly suppressed cell viability and induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, with elevated reactive oxygen species and reduced BCL-2 /BAX ratio. Nef was also demonstrated to inhibit the invasion, metastasis and EMT process of NSCLC cells, and attenuate EMT-related changes of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin at both transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, we concluded that the inhibitory effects of Nef on EMT was achieved by targeting Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), a protein mediating the process of EMT in various cancers. These results showed that Nef had a significant antitumor effect on NSCLC cells by inducing apoptosis and blocking EMT, providing the therapeutical prospect on NSCLC treatment.
Resveratrol Improves The Antimicrobial Properties Of Polymyxin B Against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Qi Lin , Liang Rongxin , Duan Jingjing , Song Songze , Pan Yunjun , Liu Hui , Zhu Mingan , Li Lian
Published: February 2022

Background: Resveratrol has been reported to have synergistic effect with different antibiotics against various kinds of bacteria species. In this study, we investigated if resveratrol can increase the antimicrobial efficacy of polymyxin B against multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.7 different MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from clinical specimen were tested with broth microdilution method to determine their sensitivity to polymyxin B and resveratrol respectively. Checkerboard analysis was performed to analyze the biological interaction between resveratrol and polymyxin B. Time-kill assays were carried out to monitor the bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. And the biofilm-forming bacteria were selected for biofilm formation analysis.Results: Though resveratrol showed no intrinsic bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC >512μg/ml for all isolates), it could effectively increase the sensitivity of those isolates to polymyxin B, with the MIC of polymyxin B reduced by 4-8 fold with 64μg/ml resveratrol. The synergistic effect between resveratrol and polymyxin B on bactericidal activity was also observed with all tested isolates (FICI <0.5). Biofilm formation assay showed that resveratrol in combination with polymyxin B significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P <0.01). With established biofilm, the sensitivity of the tested isolate to polymyxin B was sharply reduced, leading to high concentration polymyxin B resistance (MIC >32μg/ml). The bactericidal activity of polymyxin B against those cells protected by established biofilm could still be promoted by resveratrol (P <0.01).Conclusions: Resveratrol was able to improve the antimicrobial properties of polymyxin B from various aspects, it may be an ideal partner for the combination therapy of polymyxin B against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
High WEE2-AS1 expression in CAF-derived small extracellular vesicles inhibits the Hippo pathway to facilitate colorectal cancer progression via promoting degradation of MOB1A
Authors: Yang Peng , Zhang Dongsheng , Wang Tuo , Jin Chi , Peng Chaofan , Ji Jiangzhou , Tan Yuqian , Zhou Jiahui , Wang Lu , Sun Yueming
Published: February 2022

Background: Cancer-associated ﬁbroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and exert a critical effect on regulating tumor initiation and progression. However, the precise biological functions and underlying mechanisms of CAFs in the TME have yet to be understood. Methods: CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were isolated from paired fresh CRC and adjacent normal tissues. Small extracellular vesicles were extracted from conditioned medium and plasma by ultracentrifugation or ExoQuick kit. The biological functions of CAF-sEVsWEE2-AS1 were investigated by a series of experiments: CCK8, colony formation, ﬂow cytometric assay, mouse xenograft, AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated colon cancer, etc. The mechanisms of WEE2-AS1 were demonstrated by luciferase assay, RNA pull-down, etc.Results: We demonstrate that WEE2-AS1 is highly expressed in the CAF-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Moreover, WEE2-AS1 is markedly higher in plasma sEVs of CRC patients than in healthy subjects and its high level predicts advanced pathological staging and poor survival. Then, we conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Elevated expression of WEE2-AS1 in sEVs increases CRC cell proliferation in vitro. Importantly, aberrant CAF-sEVsWEE2-AS1 leads to tumor formation and progression in BALB/c nude mice and promotes AOM/DSS-induced tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, WEE2-AS1 functions as a modular scaffold for the MOB1A and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase praja2, leading to MOB1A degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Thus, the Hippo pathway is inhibited and more YAP are transported into the nucleus, where they activate downstream gene transcription. Conclusions: CAF-sEVsWEE2-AS1 interacts with MOB1A, promotes degradation of MOB1A, inhibits the Hippo pathway, and facilitates the growth of CRC cells. Hence, WEE2-AS1 may be a promising therapeutic target and circulating biomarker for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.
House screening for malaria control: views and experiences of participants in the RooPfs trial.
Authors: Jones Caroline , Matta A. , Pinder Margaret , D’Alessandro Umberto , Knudsen Jakob , Lindsay Steve W.
Published: February 2022

Background: The housing stock of rural sub-Saharan Africa is changing rapidly. With millions of new homes required over the coming decades, there is an opportunity to protect residents by screening homes from malaria mosquitoes. This study, undertaken in the Upper River Region of The Gambia, explores local perceptions of what a good house should provide for its inhabitants and responses to living in a house that has been modified as part of a randomised control trial designed to assess whether improved housing provided additional protection against clinical malaria in children (the RooPfs trial).Methods: This descriptive, exploratory study was undertaken over 22 months using mixed-methods (informal conversations, observations, focus group discussions, photovoice, and a questionnaire survey) in a parallel convergent design. Analysis was conducted across the data sets using a framework approach. Following coding, the textual data were charted by a priori and emerging themes. These themes were compared with the quantitative survey results. The nature and range of views about housing and the RooPfs study modifications and the relationships among them were identified and described.Results: The data were derived from a total of 35 sets of observations and informal conversations in 10 villages, 12 discussions with the photovoice photographers, 26 focus group discussions (across 13 villages) and 391 completed questionnaires. The study participants described a ‘good house’ as one with a corrugate-metal roof, cement walls (preferably cement block, but mud block covered with cement plaster was also an acceptable and cheaper substitute) and well-fitting doors. These features align with local perceptions of a modern house that provides social status and protection from physical harms. The RooPfs modifications were largely appreciated, although poor workmanship caused concerns that houses had become insecure. However, the long-term trusting relationship with the implementing institution and the actions taken to rectify problems provided reassurance and enhanced acceptability.Conclusion: In developing housing to address population needs in Africa, attention should be paid to local perceptions of what is required to make a house secure for its inhabitants, as well as providing a healthy environment.
Efficacy and safety of total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation vs. subtotal parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Jiaqi , Wu Yan , Huang Ting , Jiang Guoqin , Yang Zhixue
Published: February 2022

Background: No consensus has been reached on the best surgical approach for secondary hyperparathyroidism. We evaluated the short-term and long-term efficacy and safety of total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (TPTX+AT) and subtotal parathyroidectomy (SPTX).Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 259 patients undergoing TPTX+AT or SPTX between 2010 and 2021 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, and carried out follow-up. We compared the differences in symptoms, serological examinations, complications and mortalities between the two groups, and explored the risk factors of poor prognosis, death and recurrence.Results: Of the 259 patients, 208 underwent TPTX+AT and 51 underwent SPTX. The postoperative day 1 serum intact PTH level was higher in TPTX+AT group than that in SPTX group (P=.023). The risk of all-cause mortality in TPTX+AT group was lower (P =. 018), and recurrent PTX was more common in TPTX+AT group (P =. 011). The risk of recurrence was similar. There was no significant difference in the incidence of most complications including hematoma, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, wound infection, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, fracture and permanent hypoparathyroidism between two groups. Results from Cox regression showed the SPTX operation approach (HR 3.53, P = 0.021) and older age (HR 1.06, P = 0.035) were risk factors of all-cause mortality.Conclusion: Due to the lower risk of death after TPTX+AT and the low renal transplantation rate, we prefer TPTX+AT to treat most Chinese population with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Microbially/CO2-derived CaCO3 cement strengthens calcareous sands and its cementation mechanism
Authors: Yu Xiaoniu , Yang Haoqing , Zhan Qiwei
Published: February 2022

In this text, a method to use CO2 for the treatment of calcareous sand is presented. Carbon dioxide solidification-bacteria (Streptomyces microflavus) was obtained by screening and applied to the mechanical strengthening of calcareous sand through a microbial mineralization/carbonization process. Experiments in both liquid phase and sand were carried out. The optimal mass ratio of carbon dioxide solidification-bacteria to calcium oxide was found to be 2:1. The optimal dosage of bacterial powder was 30% of the total dry sand mass. Using the optimal recipe, the average uniaxial compressive strength of treated sand columns was 3.67 MPa and the average permeability coefficient was 4.90×10-3cm/s. Compared with the other microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) approaches, the proposed method does not release harmful by-products such as ammonia. The chemical composition and microstructure of the treated calcareous sand were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed that the CO2 carbonized product contained mainly calcite.
Synthesis of Nanostructures of Iron Binary/Ternary Phased Sulfide/Selenide by Hot Injection Method and Case Study for The Removal of Carcinogenic Dye Red S3B Via Photocatalysis
Authors: Akram Rehana , Akhtar Javeed , Khan Humaira Rashid , Akhtar Masood , Malik Mohammad Azad , Revaprasadu Neerish , AlGhamdi Yousef , Bhatti Moazzam H.
Published: February 2022

Iron based nanoplates of iron sulfide (FeS2), iron selenide (FeSe2) and iron sulfo selenide (FeSxSe1−x) have been synthesised in one pot by using Fe(III) or Fe(II) chloride as iron source and sulfur or selenium powder as S and Se source in oleylamine. These synthesised nanoplates were characterized by x-rays diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), High resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersion x-rays (EDX) spectroscopy. These materials were also investigated for their performance as photocatalysts for the degradation of a carcinogenic industrial dye RS3B under solar light. The comparison of crystallinity, dimensions, yields and electronic properties of these synthesised nanoplates with respect to the use of Fe (II) or Fe (III) as iron source and also the synthesis carried out at 30 minutes and one hour show that Fe (II) is better source for iron and the synthesis carried out at 30 minutes give much better quality materials that those synthesized for one hour. This observation was true for all three materials (FeS2, FeSe2 and FeSSe).