bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The web-based assessment of mental speed: An experimental study of testing mode effects for the Trail-Making Test
Authors: Gnambs Timo
Published: March 2022

Although web-based cognitive assessments have gained increasing attention in recent decades, it is still debated whether unstandardized test settings allow for comparable measurements as compared to proctored testing, particularly for speeded cognitive tests. Therefore, two within-subject experiments (N = 73 and 72) compared differences in means, criterion correlations with measures of intelligence, and subjective test quality perceptions of a trail-making test between a proctored paper-based, a proctored computerized, and an unproctored web-based administration mode. The results in both samples showed equivalent means between the two computerized modes, equivalent criterion correlations between the three modes, and no differential item functioning. However, the web-based tests were rated as having an inferior measurement quality as compared to the proctored assessments. Thus, web-based testing allows for comparable measurements of mental speed as compared to traditional computerized tests, although it is still regarded as a lower quality medium by test takers.
Negotiating 'Impossible' Ideals: Latent Classes of Intensive Mothering in the United States
Authors: Lankes Jane
Published: March 2022

The primary goal of this study is to identify patterns in the ways mothers adhere to, reject, and combine intensive mothering attitudes and behaviors. Mothers often face immense pressure to devote significant physical and mental effort toward childrearing, referred to as intensive mothering. At the same time, many mothers do not follow the actions or beliefs gender norms suggest they should. It remains unclear how mothers holistically approach intensive parenting across many different facets. Using the 2014 Child Development Supplement from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I examined how a sample of mothers fell into intensive mothering profiles, or latent classes, and how class membership varied by demographic characteristics. Results showed four underlying latent classes of intensive motherhood: Relaxed Mothers (33 percent), High Investors (25 percent), Essentialist Mothers (22 percent), and Strained Mothers (20 percent). No group was intensive across all measures, contrary to common narratives in previous research and theory. Class membership varied by several characteristics, including education, age, income, race, single parenthood, and employment. By revealing how mothers are selectively intensive, this study expands on the ways mothers simultaneously “do” and “undo” gender norms in their parenting, as well as the sociodemographics that may predict these patterns.
Aini Zhafara
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapat narasi biografi Aini Zhafara penyanyi asal Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan naratif bentuk kajian biografi kemudian diperiksa keabsahan, keandalan, dan keobjektifannya menggunakan teknik triangulasi dan external audit untuk diuraikan dalam bentuk narasi yang padu.
EVALUASI PROGRAM SKB (SANGGAR KEGIATAN BELAJAR) KABUPATEN KAMPAR DALAM MENANGGULANGI PENDIDIKAN ANAK PUTUS SEKOLAH
Authors: Jusmareni Jusmareni , Saam Zulfan , Syahza Almasdi
Published: March 2022

This study aims to uncover, analyze and evaluate the program SKB ( SKB ) intackling the education of children dropping out of school in the district of Kampar. This studyused a qualitative approach. Data collection is done by observation, interview and documentation.Examination of data validity was tested the validity of the form of triangulation and memberchecking. Evaluation model used is the model CIPP. From the results of this study indicate thatthe Program Implementation for SKB Kampar in tackling the education of school children fromthe evaluation components of context, input, process and products are in both categories becauseof the four components in the evaluation of only one component of which is the unfavorablecategory namely the process component. Implementation of the program SKB Kampar districtis very helpful in minimizing the number of dropouts in Kampar regency. Evaluation programfor SKB in this penelititan Packet focuses on program C. Residents learned in Package C is thecitizens who already have a junior high school diploma and diploma Package B. All officials arealready earning has taught appropriate educational background, mastery of officials in thepresentation of the material based on competence, In the curriculum that need improvementeducation calendar. Means of support for the implementation of the existing program despiteinadequate. Financing for SKB comes from Kampar District Government and some of thelearners. In the process of the most important components that must be considered are theobstacles encountered in the implementation of the program should be addressed as soon aspossible.
Local Development Planning Process: A Policy-Level Analysis in Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Bhaba Datta , Malakar Indra Mali
Published: March 2022

This study aims at assessing the process and practice of local development planning in Nepal under federal system, with the bid of analyzing the local government operation act, 2074 and local level plan formulation direction, 2075. Using the primary and secondary sources of data, the study embarks on the local development planning process under federal system of Nepal while employing a descriptive research design. Nepal has not experienced long empirical experiences on local development planning exercised under federal democratic republic and it is a totally new practice. The study argues that the local government operation Act, enacted in 2074, conceived the decentralized planning process starting from the settlement level moving up through the local government to the national level and under this all local bodies are required to prepare short, medium and long term, periodic and strategic plans. It concludes that the long term vision of 15th plan of Nepal with "Prosperous Nepal, Happy Nepali" is the foundation for upgrading high income countries by transforming Nepal into socialist oriented public welfare with a rich economy social justice and peaceful living considering local development plan as yardstick and pivot for national long term vision.
The Effect of some Variables on the Formulation of Captopril as Tablets Shaymaa Nazar Al â€“ Sammarrai
Authors: A. Abdul R asool Dr. Alaa , Al â€“ Dujali Dr. Hikmet
Published: March 2022

Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) used to treat hypertension,congestive heart failure, and myocardial infraction.The only dosage form available for captopril is the plain tablet in strength of 12.5,25,50 and 100mgtablet.This investigation is concerned with factors affecting the formulation of captopril as a plaintablet dosage form of 50mg. Many trials were made to prepare satisfactory tablets for the drug byusing wet â€“ granulation methods with various additives. It was found that poly vinyl pyrrolidone(P.V.P.) as binder gave the most satisfactory tablets. At the same time a shorter disintegrantion timeand slower dissolution rate were obtained with the addition of starch intragranular.While the distintegration time and dissolution rate were faster for explotab when it was usedintragranular in comparison with starch.A comparative study on the physical properties of the prepared tablets with CapotenÂ®(Squibb), MinitenÂ® (APM), and CapocardÂ® (DAD) tablets, showed that the release of drug from theselected formula was similar to that obtained from MinitenÂ® at 0.1N HCl and 37C.The stability of the prepared tablet was also studied at 50ï‚°C, 60ï‚°C, and 70ï‚°C for 4 months andthe calculated shelf â€“ life was about 3.5years at 25C.
A collaborative approach to hepatitis C testing in two First Nations communities of northwest Ontario
Authors: Smookler David , Beck Anne , Head Brenda , Quoquat Leroy , Albany Cheyanne , Farrell Terri , Gordon Janet , Thurston Nancy , You Lucy , Capraru Camelia , McKay Mike , Kim John , Feld Jordan J , Shah Hemant
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Two remote First Nations communities each collaborated with an urban-based liver clinic to organize wide-spread testing, followed by linkage to care for hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHOD: Involvement of community members was central to planning and conduct of the programs. Samples were obtained using dry blood spot cards (DBS). A week-long pilot study in Community 1 investigated the effectiveness of the program, using DBS. Community 2, being larger, more remote, and known to be endemic for HCV was more challenging. Three-week-long testing drives plus a stand-alone testing day were used to collect samples over 5 months. Public Health Agency (PHAC)’s National Laboratory for HIV Reference Services (NLHRS) received and tested the DBS samples for HCV and other blood-borne infections. Outcomes were measured by number of people tested, the quality of the tests, and community members’ satisfaction with the program and retained knowledge about HCV, based on interviews. RESULTS: In Community 1, 226 people were tested for HCV over 4 days. 85% agreed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing as well. In Community 2, 484 people, one-half of the adult population, were tested. Surveys of participants showed food was the most significant draw, and Facebook the most effective way to inform people of the events. Interviews with staff and participants showed a high level of satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results suggest this is an effective approach to testing for HCV in unusually challenging settings. Lessons from the program include the power of community involvement; and the effectiveness of a highly targeted health initiative when developed through collaboration.
PENERAPAN BANK SAMPAH SEBAGAI WUJUD ADANYA NILAI EKONOMI DENGAN PRINSIP 4R (REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE, REPLANT)
Authors: Bintang Narpati  , Indra Lubis  , Hasanuddin  , Novita Wahyu Setyawati  , Kardinah Indrianna Meutia
Published: March 2022

Penyadaran masyarakat mengenai bahaya dan manfaat sampah sebaiknya secara terus-menerus dilakukan. Edukasi kesadaraan dan membekali keterampilan kepada warga dalam pengelolaan sampah dengan penerapan prinsip reduce, reuse, recycle dan replant (4R). Prinsip 4R dapat mengubah sampah bernilai ekonomi sekaligus berkontribusi terhadap pengurangan sampah di lingkungan, dalam jangka panjang dapat mengurangi penyebaran penyakit dan banjir akibat tumpukan sampah. Pengelolaan sampah dimulai sejak dari sumbernya, dengan mengadakan dan menyiapkan sarana/prasarana. Salah satu yang dilakukan dalam upaya menyiapkan saran/prasarana pengelolaan sampah adalah dengan kegiatan Bank Sampah. Konsep Bank Sampah yakni memilah dan mengumpulkan sampah kering dan basah sejak awal. Bank Sampah dikelola layaknya perbankan yang memiliki manajemen, yaitu menabung sampah atau buangan dari masyarakat. Polanya dengan melibatkan warga sebagai ujung tombak melalui kegiatan penyuluhan dan pembimbingan, pelatihan dengan cara atau metode partisipasi emansipatoris (interaksi dan komunikasi). Dialog dengan warga di komunitas lingkungan perumahan terus ditingkatkan. Kegiatan Bank Sampah memerlukan jejaring dan dukungan kemitraan berbagai pihak untuk bersama-sama mengelola sampah sehingga bernilai ekonomi dan market friendly, hal ini penting untuk menjaga semangat warga bahwa apa yang dilakukannya dihargai dan bermanfaat bagi diri dan lingkungan. Sampah yang di kelola secara baik memberi manfaat langsung dengan berkurangnya timbunan sampah di lingkungan masyarakat, sehingga lingkungan menjadi lebih bersih dan asri, serta dapat menambah penghasilan masyarakat.
Kata Kunci : Sampah, Nilai ekonomi, (4R) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Replant
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA BUSUU ONLINE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU BAHASA INGGRIS SD TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOSAKATA (VOCABULARY) DAN BERBICARA (SPEAKING)
Authors: Winarso Widi , Ferawaty Puspitorini  , Kardinah Indrianna  , Mulyadi  , Rorim Panday  , Tutiek Yoganingsih
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengingkatan kompetensi kosakata dan berbicara bahasa Inggris guru-guru SD dengan memanfaatkan media busuu online. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah guru-guru SD Yasporbi Jakarta. Peneliti memberikan soal kosakata dan berbicara sebelum perlakuan menggunakan media busuu online dalam bentuk pilihan ganda, dan soal kosakata dan berbicara setelah perlakuan menggunakan media busuu online. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan keterampilan menyimak yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan nilai evaluasi (post-test).
Kata Kunci: Media, Online, busuu, Kosakata, berbicara, Bahasa Inggris
Tracking motor and language eloquent white matter pathways with intraoperative fiber tracking versus preoperative tractography adjusted by intraoperative MRI–based elastic fusion
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ille Sebastian , Schwendner Maximilian , Wiestler Benedikt , Meyer Bernhard , Krieg Sandro M.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Preoperative fiber tracking (FT) enables visualization of white matter pathways. However, the intraoperative accuracy of preoperative image registration is reduced due to brain shift. Intraoperative FT is currently considered the standard of anatomical accuracy, while intraoperative imaging can also be used to correct and update preoperative data by intraoperative MRI (ioMRI)–based elastic fusion (IBEF). However, the use of intraoperative tractography is restricted due to the need for additional acquisition of diffusion imaging in addition to scanner limitations, quality factors, and setup time. Since IBEF enables compensation for brain shift and updating of preoperative FT, the aim of this study was to compare intraoperative FT with IBEF of preoperative FT.

METHODS

Preoperative MRI (pMRI) and ioMRI, both including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data, were acquired between February and November 2018. Anatomy-based DTI FT of the corticospinal tract (CST) and the arcuate fascicle (AF) was reconstructed at various fractional anisotropy (FA) values on pMRI and ioMRI, respectively. The intraoperative DTI FT, as a baseline tractography, was fused with original preoperative FT and IBEF-compensated FT, processes referred to as rigid fusion (RF) and elastic fusion (EF), respectively. The spatial overlap index (Dice coefficient [DICE]) and distances of surface points (average surface distance [ASD]) of fused FT before and after IBEF were analyzed and compared in operated and nonoperated hemispheres.

RESULTS

Seventeen patients with supratentorial brain tumors were analyzed. On the operated hemisphere, the overlap index of pre- and intraoperative FT of the CST by DICE significantly increased by 0.09 maximally after IBEF. A significant decrease by 0.5 mm maximally in the fused FT presented by ASD was observed. Similar improvements were found in IBEF-compensated FT, for which AF tractography on the tumor hemispheres increased by 0.03 maximally in DICE and decreased by 1.0 mm in ASD.

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative tractography after IBEF is comparable to intraoperative tractography and can be a reliable alternative to intraoperative FT.
Tarcze antykryzysowe jako źródło wsparcia działalności MŚP w dobie pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Kubiczek Jakub , Derej Wojciech
Published: March 2022

Pandemia COVID-19 okazała się być ogromnym wyzwaniem dla współczesnego świata w bardzo wielu aspektach. Wśród najważniejszych wymienić można kwestie zdrowotne, gospodarcze i kulturowe. Niniejszy artykuł obejmuje zagadnienie przeciwdziałania skutkom pandemii w wymiarze gospodarczym. W odpowiedzi na wzrost ryzyka kryzysu gospodarczego rządy wielu krajów wprowadziły środki zapobiegawcze. Tego typu działania zostały wdrożone również w Polsce. W artykule przedstawiono najistotniejsze kwestie dotyczące programów i instrumentów wsparcia dla firm w odpowiedzi na rozwój pandemii, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sektora małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MŚP). Ponadto działania w aspekcie harmonogramu porównano z rozwojem pandemii. Wyniki badań pokazują, że analizując sytuację w warunkach polskich, dosyć trudno jednoznacznie ocenić inicjatywy antykryzysowe. Instrumenty wsparcia przygotowane w zakresie sektora MŚP wykazują dużą różnorodność, ale też czasem wysoki poziom skomplikowania, co może generować trudności w efektywnym ich użyciu w aspekcie proceduralnych wymagań. Tym samym wydaje się być uzasadnione zastanowienie nad bardziej uniwersalnymi i prostszymi instrumentami pomocowymi w przyszłości.
The realization of the human right to food: preliminary remarks on assessing food security
Authors: Kowalski Jarosław , Kowalska Aleksandra
Published: March 2022

Prawa człowieka w ostatnich latach przeżywają pewien renesans. Są one przedmiotem ochrony na poziomie międzynarodowym, regionalnym i krajowym. Prawa człowieka są to powszechne prawa moralne o podstawowym charakterze, przysługujące każdej jednostce w kontaktach z państwem. Realizacja prawa człowieka do żywności różni się w poszczególnych regionach świata, gdzie funkcjonują odmienne systemy prawa, systemy polityczne czy systemy społeczno-gospodarcze. Istotna jest rola państwa w realizacji prawa człowieka do żywności oraz zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego i żywieniowego. Celem pracy jest analiza realizacji prawa do żywności w różnych krajach oraz określenie wyzwań związanych z interpretacją wartości globalnego wskaźnika bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego (Global Food Security Index, GFSI). Liczba osób niedożywionych zwiększa się w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej i Południowej Azji, a jednocześnie rośnie udział osób z nadwagą w Ameryce Północnej i Europie. Podczas pandemii COVID-19, na skutek lockdownu, problemy te nasiliły się. COVID-19 zagraża globalnemu bezpieczeństwu żywnościowemu głównie z powodu wzrostu cen i utraty dochodów skutkujących pogorszeniem się stanu odżywienia ludzi. Na świecie jest cztery razy więcej osób z nadwagą niż tych z niedowagą. Problem w tym, że wiele wskaźników pomiaru bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego i żywieniowego odzwierciedla kwestię niewystarczającego spożywania kalorii, a nie pokazuje problemu otyłości. Metodyka, na podstawie której liczony jest wskaźnik GFSI, powinna być zrewidowana. Należy ponownie przemyśleć wagi elementów wskaźnika związanych z żywieniem.
Chinese Urban Development under the “New Type Urbanization” Policy
Authors: Chubarov Ilya G.
Published: March 2022

The Chinese 7th national population census (2020) was held in the recent year of the "urbanization of a new type" state program. The successful management of the entire complex of urbanization processes becomes an important social and political task. Improving the living standards and social security of migrants acts as important components of the reduction of inequality and development of human capital. Census data shows that the program helped the government not only to support the growth of the number of urban dwellers but also to improve the quality of the process. The share of urban dwellers in Chinese population increased from 54.3% in 2014 to 61.4% in 2020, the number of cities larger than 5 million inhabitants reached 21. The Government lifted restrictions on obtaining permanent registration in cities less than 3 million inhabitants and issued more than 100 million intermediate type registration documents (juzhuzheng). Transparent and unified point-quota registration rules have been introduced in large cities, which usually rank applicants according to their age, education, length of residence, tax history and other parameters. These measures made possible expansion of the coverage of rural and nonresident migrants and their children by the social protection system. At the same time, contrary to the program's guidelines, population of the largest cities continued to grow rapidly, and significant interregional and intraregional imbalances remained sharp. Share of the north-eastern part in the urban population of China continued to decline. The continuation of the program "urbanization of a new type" was not formally announced, however it is clear, that the urban system of the PRC will develop in line with the program’s guidelines in the next decade.
Chinese companies on the US stock exchanges in the context of aggravation of Sino-American relations: the relationship of the national markets, delisting risks and possible scenarios
Authors: Vahrushin Ivan
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the relationship between national stock markets of China and the United States which results in conclusion about prevalence of indirect psychological connection between them. It also considers the issues related to future prospects of Chinese companies on the US stock exchanges and the risk of their delisting in the context of sharp aggravation of Sino-American relations and active actions of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), aimed at tightening the requirements for auditing, financial reporting and data disclosure by the US-listed foreign companies. The process of forming a new regulatory framework for delisting Chinese companies with adoption of the core Holding Financial Companies Accountable Act (HFCAA) is disclosed. The IPO scheme by Chinese companies through variable interest entities (VIE) is reflected, and related risks are identified. The competitive potential of national stock exchanges in terms of attracting Chinese IPOs is analyzed with conclusion about significantly stricter requirements and lengthy procedures on Chinese exchanges in comparison with American ones. It is assumed that presently the mass delisting of Chinese companies from American exchanges seems an unlikely scenario. At the same time, the full range of delisting scenarios is considered from the most preferred option for investors (conversion of American securities into shares on Chinese exchanges) to the worst (freezing of shares for an indefinite period).
The article was prepared within the project “Post-crisis world order: challenges and technologies, competition and cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).
Regularities of electrochemical cleaning of oil-contaminated soils
Authors: Shulaev Nikolay , Pryanichnikova Valeriya , Kadyrov Ramil
Published: March 2022

Electrochemical cleaning of oil-contaminated soils is a promising area of environmental safety, as it can be easily organized even in locations remote from settlements. For this purpose, a power source and a system of electrodes are necessary as equipment. It is possible to use an electric generator if there are no power supply lines nearby. The material of electrodes affects the features of redox processes, which can affect the energy consumption and the degree of soil cleansing from oil or oil products. Therefore, the correct choice of electrode materials is one of the important tasks in the field of engineering electrochemical methods of purification. Changes in the main parameters (humidity, temperature, degree of acidity) in an oil-contaminated model soil, similar in composition to one of the oil fields, were investigated. Measurements of parameters when using graphite and metal electrodes were carried out at several fixed sections of the interelectrode space depending on the treatment time. The established patterns of parameter changes in the purification of oil-contaminated soils allow us to draw conclusions about the stages of the electrochemical process, its speed, and energy efficiency. The results obtained form a basis for designing industrial facilities for soil treatment.
Indicator role of rare and rare-earth elements of the Northwest manganese ore occurrence (South Africa) in the genetic model of supergene manganese deposits
Authors: Evdokimov Aleksandr , Pharoe Benedict
Published: March 2022

The authors analyzed the content of a number of rare and rare-earth elements in the rocks of the Northwest manganese ore occurrence, confined to the Neoarchean dolomites of the Malmani series of the Transvaal Basin. 30 samples of manganese ores and host rocks were analyzed by ICP-MS and XRF methods. Average values of Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) were used as the geochemical standard for data calculation and normalization. The concentrations of elements normalized on PAAS reveal the LREE anomaly in manganese ores. Positive Ce and negative Y–anomalies indicate the hydro-genetical type of sedimentation of ore minerals from manganese-bearing aqueous solutions. This is consistent with the ratios of the elements: Ce and Y SN/Ho SN, Ce and Nd, Fe – Mn – (Co + Ni + Cu) × 10. A clear correlation between the contents of rare-earth elements in manganese nodules and the underlying Malmani dolomites indicates their close genetic relationship. Negative Ce and positive Y–anomalies in manganese wad minerals indicate differences in the conditions of their formation. The manganese wad formed earlier than the rest of the ore with the active participation of microorganisms.
Deformations assessment during subway escalator tunnels construction by the method of artificial freezing of soil for the stage of ice wall formation
Authors: Volokhov Evgenii , Mukminova Diana
Published: March 2022

The work is devoted to the study of the processes of displacement and deformation of the surface during the escalator tunnels construction of the subway by the method of artificial freezing of soils. The features of the construction and freezing technology, the rocks characteristics in which the escalator tunnels made are considered. The data of specially organized, full-scale surveying observations of deformations on the earth surface are presented. The main factors influencing deformation processes in the frozen strata of a layered inhomogeneous rock mass with inclined tunneling are determined, the complexity of the predictive task and the need to simplify the design scheme are shown. The work is focused on the assessment of the least studied geomechanical processes of soil heaving-uplifts and deformations during the periods of active and passive freezing stages. When studying the displacements processes of the earth surface and rock mass, the finite element method and analysis of the obtained data using field observations of displacements were used. A simplified calculation scheme is proposed for modeling, which allows taking into account the uneven influence of frozen rocks of an inhomogeneous layered rock mass with a large inclined tunneling. The satisfactory convergence of the data of field surveying observations on the earth surface and the results of modeling geomechanical processes for the period of active and passive freezing stages is shown. The proposed calculation scheme is recommended for the prediction of deformation at the stages of underground construction, characterized by the development of the most dangerous tensile deformations of buildings and structures on the surface.
Evaluating the effectiveness of fine gold extraction technologies on the example of titanomagnetite beach placers of the western coast of Kamchatka
Authors: Kungurova Valentina
Published: March 2022

The material on the gold content of coastal-marine deposits of the western coast of Kamchatka is analyzed and the resource potential is briefly characterized.  A review of gold technological estimates obtained from the study of gold-bearing samples taken in promising areas of the coastal-marine strip, from the Bolshaya Vorovskaya River in the north to Cape Levashova in the south, is presented. Stock materials supplemented by our studies were used. Gold-bearing deposits with very fine (0.05-0.1 mm) and fine (0.1-1.0 mm) gold amounting to 94.6 % were tested, as well as samples with gold up to 2 mm and more in addition to fine gold The content of freely recoverable gold reached 91.9 %. In the case of significant gold reserves in placers, prospects for their commercial development open up. experiments on the enrichment of gold-bearing coastal-marine deposits of Western Kamchatka indicate the possibility of extraction of free gold and other valuable components from them. Gravity technologies and modern equipment developed by ОАО Irgiredmet and JSC ITOMAK are the most effective for their extraction. enrichment of gold-bearing formations with simultaneous extraction of several useful components from them, which is possible with the use of fluoride technology, can also become economically advantageous.
Possibilities of accounting the fracturing of Kashiro-Vereyskian carbonate objects in planning of proppant hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Votinov Alexander , Seredin Valeriy , Kolychev Igor , Galkin Sergey
Published: March 2022

One of the effective methods of oil production intensification for heterogeneous Kashiro-Vereyskian clay-carbonate sediments of the Volga-Ural oil and gas bearing province is proppant hydraulic fracturing. Prospects of realization for this technology are considered in the article on the example of the Vereyskian development object of Moskud’inskoye field. Based on the analysis of rocks samples investigations of Vereyiskian sediments, lithological types of carbonate rocks differing in their structural features are distinguished. Tomographic investigations of rock samples were carried out, as a result of which the rock fracturing for some lithotypes was determined and studieds. Under natural geological conditions, depending on the degree of fracturing progression and technological conditions of development, these intervals may or may not be involved in well operation. When hydraulic fracturing is performed, potentially fractured areas that are not in operation can be successfully added to oil production. Based on analysis of hydrodynamic well investigations, the fracturing of the Vereyskian object of the Moskud’inskoye field was studied on the basis of the Warren-Ruth model. With the help of geological and technological indicators of development, prediction fracturing was obtained, which was used for the construction of the natural fracturing scheme. Areas of both pore and fractured reservoirs development were identified on the deposit area. As a result of statistical analysis, the influence of fracturing on efficiency of proppant hydraulic fracturing was determined. Based on the linear discriminant analysis, a statistical model for predicting the efficiency of proppant fracturing was developed. It was shown that in addition to natural fracturing, the results are most strongly influenced by specific proppant yield, formation pressure, permeability of the remote bottomhole zone and skin effect. Based on the developed model, prospective production wells of the Moskud’inskoye field are identified for proppant hydraulic fracturing.
Prediction of the anastomosis angle of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis to standardize the surgical technique
Authors: Shembekar Suraj N. , Zodpe D.B. , Padole P.M.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred route of vascular access in hemodialysis. The primary reason of fistula failure is intimal hyperplasia (IH), which leads to stenosis. Wall shear stress (WSS) and disturbed flow are the critical parameters in the formation of IH. OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this study is to explore the influence of anastomosis angle on WSS and venous outflow rate, as well as to find the ideal angle of anastomosis for AVF to standardize surgical technique. METHODS: Three-dimensional idealized geometries of end-to-side type AVF for the five various angles of anastomosis are considered in this study. The WSS, blood flow rate at the venous outlet for non-Newtonian, pulsatile blood flow are calculated using a numerical simulation technique. RESULTS: The WSS is higher at 75° compared to other angles and least at 45° for pulsating arterial inflows. The WSS is moderate at 30°, 60° and 90°. On the arterial bed and outer wall of the vein, immediately after the anastomosis, the recirculation zone is observed. At an angle of 45° and 90° anastomosis, the outflow rate is greater at distal venous end. CONCLUSIONS: If one believes that high wall shear stress causes IH within the AVF, the results suggest that the AVF should be formed at a 45° angle to avoid IH. However, if one believes that low wall shear stress causes IH within the AVF, the results suggest that AVF should be formed at either 30° or 75° to avoid IH. The findings spotlight the importance of anastomosis angle in determining AVF hemodynamics.
Donald A.B. Lindberg, pioneer in biomedical and health informatics: His involvement in creating professional organizations
Authors: van Bemmel Jan H. , Ball Marion J. , Shortliffe Edward H.
Published: March 2022

Among the many contributions of Donald A.B. Lindberg was his work on behalf of a variety or professional organizations in the field of biomedical and health informatics. These began during his early days at the University of Missouri and continued throughout his 30 years at the National Library of Medicine. This chapter summarizes that work, which occurred both through his personal efforts and through the impact of the NLM under his leadership. Examples include his role in the development of organizations themselves (e.g., the International Medical Informatics Association, the American College of Medical Informatics, and the American Medical Informatics Association) and also his contributions to the professional scientific meetings that have advanced the field (e.g., the Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care, MEDINFO, and the AMIA Annual Symposium).
Impaired Experience-Dependent Refinement of Place Cells in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Broussard John I. , Redell John B. , Maynard Mark E. , Zhao Jing , Moore Anthony , Mills Rachel W. , Hood Kimberly N. , Underwood Erica , Roysam Badrinath , Dash Pramod K.
Published: March 2022

Background: Hippocampal place cells play an integral role in generating spatial maps. Impaired spatial memory is a characteristic pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet it remains unclear how AD influences the properties of hippocampal place cells. Objective: To record electrophysiological activity in hippocampal CA1 neurons in freely-moving 18-month-old male TgF344-AD and age-matched wild-type (WT) littermates to examine place cell properties. Methods: We implanted 32-channel electrode arrays into the CA1 subfield of 18-month-old male WT and TgF344-AD (n = 6/group) rats. Ten days after implantation, single unit activity in an open field arena was recorded across days. The spatial information content, in-field firing rate, and stability of each place cell was compared across groups. Pathology was assessed by immunohistochemical staining, and a deep neural network approach was used to count cell profiles. Results: Aged TgF344-AD rats exhibited hippocampal amyloid-β deposition, and a significant increase in Iba1 immunoreactivity and microglia cell counts. Place cells from WT and TgF344-AD rat showed equivalent spatial information, in-field firing rates, and place field stability when initially exposed to the arena. However, by day 3, the place cells in aged WT rats showed characteristic spatial tuning as evidenced by higher spatial information content, stability, and in-field firing rates, an effect not seen in TgF344-AD rats. Conclusion: These findings support the notion that altered electrophysiological properties of place cells may contribute to the learning and memory deficits observed in AD.
Clinical and Pathological Benefits of Scallop-Derived Plasmalogen in a Novel Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Authors: Feng Tian , Hu Xinran , Fukui Yusuke , Bian Zhihong , Bian Yuting , Sun Hongming , Takemoto Mami , Yunoki Taijun , Nakano Yumiko , Morihara Ryuta , Abe Koji , Yamashita Toru
Published: March 2022

Background: The oral ingestion of scallop-derived plasmalogen (sPlas) significantly improved cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Objective: However, the effects and mechanisms of sPlas on AD with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a class of mixed dementia contributing to 20–30% among the dementia society, were still elusive. Methods: In the present study, we applied a novel mouse model of AD with CCH to investigate the potential effects of sPlas on AD with CCH. Results: The present study demonstrated that sPlas significantly recovered cerebral blood flow, improved motor and cognitive deficits, reduced amyloid-β pathology, regulated neuroinflammation, ameliorated neural oxidative stress, and inhibited neuronal loss in AD with CCH mice at 12 M. Conclusion: These findings suggest that sPlas possesses clinical and pathological benefits for AD with CCH in the novel model mice. Furthermore, sPlas could have promising prevention and therapeutic effects on patients of AD with CCH.
Capgras Syndrome as the Core Manifestation of Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mi Yingxin , Qin Qi , Xing Yi , Tang Yi
Published: March 2022

Capgras syndrome (CS) was usually considered a symptom of a functional disorder in the young, most commonly schizophrenia, or an organic disorder in the elderly. The occurrence of CS among early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) is extremely rare. We describe a case in which the unrecognition of CS as part of EOAD resulted in a wrong psychiatric diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. This paper aims to acknowledge CS as an early or core manifestation and highlight EOAD as a differential diagnosis of mental disorders in young people, even without a remarkable family history.
Longitudinal Changes in Anger, Anxiety, and Fatigue Are Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Babulal Ganesh M. , Chen Ling , Doherty Jason M. , Murphy Samantha A. , Johnson Ann M. , Roe Catherine M.
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) studies in cognitively normal (CN) older adults age≥65 suggest depression is associated with molecular biomarkers (imaging and cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]). This study used linear mixed models (covariance pattern model) to assess whether baseline CSF biomarkers (Aβ42/Aβ40, t-Tau/Aβ42, p-Tau/Aβ42) predicted changes in non-depressed mood states in CN older adults (N = 248), with an average of three follow-up years. Participants with higher levels of CSF biomarkers developed more anger, anxiety, and fatigue over time compared to those with more normal levels. Non-depressed mood states in preclinical AD may be a prodrome for neuropsychiatric symptoms in symptomatic AD.
Reaching and Grasping Movements in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review
Authors: Fasano Alessio , Mazzoni Alberto , Falotico Egidio
Published: March 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is known to affect the brain motor circuits involving the basal ganglia (BG) and to induce, among other signs, general slowness and paucity of movements. In upper limb movements, PD patients show a systematic prolongation of movement duration while maintaining a sufficient level of endpoint accuracy. PD appears to cause impairments not only in movement execution, but also in movement initiation and planning, as revealed by abnormal preparatory activity of motor-related brain areas. Grasping movement is affected as well, particularly in the coordination of the hand aperture with the transport phase. In the last fifty years, numerous behavioral studies attempted to clarify the mechanisms underlying these anomalies, speculating on the plausible role that the BG-thalamo-cortical circuitry may play in normal and pathological motor control. Still, many questions remain open, especially concerning the management of the speed-accuracy tradeoff and the online feedback control. In this review, we summarize the literature results on reaching and grasping in parkinsonian patients. We analyze the relevant hypotheses on the origins of dysfunction, by focusing on the motor control aspects involved in the different movement phases and the corresponding role played by the BG. We conclude with an insight into the innovative stimulation techniques and computational models recently proposed, which might be helpful in further clarifying the mechanisms through which PD affects reaching and grasping movements.
Effective of alkaline additives on the geopolymer cements properties as alternative to Portland cement in order to protect environment
Authors: Moradikhou Sarvenaz , Sakhaeinia Hossein , Alihosseini Afshar
Published: March 2022

Geopolymers are inorganic alumina-silicate materials produced from raw materials, rich in silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3), in combination with an alkaline activator solution. In this study, geopolymer of class C flay ash in ambient curing condition were used form geopolymer mortar and effects of different alkaline activator solutions and variations of associated parameters, were investigated. The obtained results indicated that in ambient curing condition (23±2°C), using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as an alkaline activator solution, result in higher 7- and 28-day compressive strength of geopolymer mortar compared to potassium-based (potassium hydroxide and potassium silicate) and combination of sodium and potassium-based alkaline activator solutions, approximately 49% and 145%, respectively. But, in term of 90°C curing condition, potassium-based alkaline activator subject to higher 7- and 28-day compressive strengths. Additionally, simultaneous inclusion of NaOH and KOH led to decline the compressive strength. Also, obtained results of experimental data show that optimal ratio 1.5–2 of SiO2/Na2O were highest compressive strength.
Then and Now Space: Conceptual Mapping of Time and Space through Language in William Diehl’s Primal Fear
Authors: Waqar Noureen , Ali Zulfiqar
Published: March 2022

Language aids in the conceptual mapping between time and space. Furthermore, an individual holds both the real and the imaginary world in their memory and tries to make sense of it through the help of language. Language plays a significant role in mapping the abstract concepts rooted in the real world and stored in the human mind. The current study was aimed at tracing input and blended spaces in the selected text. It also analyzed the conceptual mapping between time and space through language and examined its significance in the selected character, named Aaron Stampler, in a novel titled ‘Primal Fear’. The study adds to the existing knowledge in the field of cognitive linguistics by tracing the connection between past and present mental spaces inside the human memory. It also highlights the mechanisms of then (past) and now (present) in mapping mental spaces through language. The current study is based on a conceptual framework designed by blending two theories: Conceptual Integration Theory and Here and Now Space. The analysis of the selected text revealed that conceptual mapping between then and now spaces connects the memories of the past with the present. An individual collects data from their surrounding and stores it in the form of language, to be used when required. The study concluded that mental concepts are mapped between time and space through the relatedness of their subject matter, which is traced with the help of language. The findings of this research may aid in investigating the language used in interrogating criminals, cross-questioning them, as well as dissecting their psychiatric sessions.

Keywords: conceptual mapping, here and now space, input space, mental spaces
Flour side dishes with high iodine content
Authors:   FGBOY VO Ural  State  University  of  Economics, Lavrova L.Yu. , Bortsova E.L. ,   FGBOY VO Ural  State  University  of  Economics
Published: March 2022

The paper presents the results of the study to determine the optimal amount of dry kelp powder introduced into the homemade noodle formulation, which was from 2 to 6% instead of prime grade wheat flour. Organoleptic, physico-chemical quality indicators and microbiological safety indicators were determined, the amount of iodine in the experimental samples was established, which ranged from 16,8 to 64,1 μg. The following methods were used to carry out the study: organoleptic (GOST 31986–2012 «Catering services. Method of organoleptic assessment of the quality of catering products»); determination of dry substances mass fraction (GOST R 54607.4–2015 «Catering services. Methods of laboratory control of catering products. P. 4. Methods for determining moisture and dry substances»); determination of fat content (GOST R 54607.5–2015 «Catering services. Methods of laboratory control of catering products. P. 5. Methods for determining fat»); determination of protein content (GOST R 54607.7–2016 «Catering services. Methods of laboratory control of catering products. P. 7. Determination of protein by the Kjeldahl method»); determination of iodine by titrimetric method; determination of sugars (GOST R 54607.6–2015 «Catering services. Methods of laboratory control of catering products. P. 6. Methods for determining sugar»); microbiological methods (GOST R 54607.9–2016 «Catering services. Methods of laboratory control of catering products. P. 9. Microbiological trials»); determination of dietary fiber content was carried out by calculation. It is proved that the developed flour garnish can be attributed to a functional food product, since the iodine content in it is more than 15% of the average daily consumption rate.
Study of the process of peeling food varieties of chickpeas for processing it into cereal products
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Orenburg State University», Tarasenko S.S. , Kazakov S.A. ,   FSBEI HE «Orenburg State University»
Published: March 2022

The article presents the results of studies of chickpea peeling in order to develop a technology for its processing into cereal products, as well as a quantitative assessment of the physical-chemical parameters of the process. Based on the research carried out, recommendations are presented for adjusting the existing standard technology for the production of cereals from peas with the possibility of processing chickpeas. Due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the chick pea grain, it is recommended to additionally apply two peeling systems.
Boletín Económico Regional: Eje Cafetero, IV trimestre de 2021
Authors:   Sección de Sucursales Regionales de Estudios Económicos
Published: March 2022

Durante el cuarto trimestre de 2021 la economía del Eje Cafetero evidenció mejoría anual en la mayoría de sus indicadores. Se destacaron la producción y las ventas reales del sector industrial, el consumo de energía no regulada, las exportaciones manufactureras y las importaciones de materia prima. Así mismo, se obtuvo buen resultado para el balance de ventas del comercio interno, las matrículas de vehículos y motocicletas, el transporte aéreo y terrestre de pasajeros, la ocupación hotelera y el beneficio de ganado vacuno y porcino. En contraste, la actividad constructora continuó a la baja al reportar menor área aprobada y en proceso de construcción, caída en los despachos de cemento y en las ventas de vivienda nueva; a su vez, se redujo el abastecimiento de productos agrícolas desde la región y el acopio de leche. Por último, la tasa de desempleo en las tres ciudades continuó mejorando y la inflación se situó por encima de la meta.