bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of literacy with diabetes indicators in older adults
Authors: Lamar Melissa , Wilson Robert S , Yu Lei , James Bryan D , Stewart Christopher C , Bennett David A , Boyle Patricia A
Published: December 2018

Background

Literacy, the ability to access, understand and utilise information and concepts from diverse sources in ways that promote good outcomes is key to successful ageing. Domain-specific health and financial literacy are particularly relevant to older adults as they face increasingly complex health and financial demands including those related to chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes. We therefore investigated the associations of literacy, including health and financial literacy, with diabetes indicators (ie, haemoglobin A1c and blood glucose) in a community-based cohort study of ageing.

Methods

Participants were 908 non-demented older adults (age ~81 years;75% women) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Literacy was measured using questions designed to assess comprehension of health and financial information and concepts and yielded a total score and domain-specific health and financial literacy scores. Non-fasting haemoglobin A1c and blood glucose samples were collected, participants were queried about diabetes status and medications for diabetes were visually inspected and coded. Participants also underwent a cognitive assessment, medical history and depressive symptom screening.

Results

In separate multivariable linear regression models, total (p values <0.03) and health (p values <0.009) literacy were inversely associated with haemoglobin A1c and blood glucose levels after adjusting for age, sex, education, hypertension, global cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms. Financial literacy was inversely associated with haemoglobin A1c levels in adjusted models (p=0.04). Sensitivity analyses conducted among individuals without diabetes revealed similar results.

Conclusion

Lower literacy levels are associated with higher diabetes indicators, particularly haemoglobin A1c which is suggestive of longer-term glycaemic instability.
A novel scoring system for assessing the severity of electrolyte and acid-base disorders and predicting outcomes in hospitalized patients
Authors: Wang Yimei , Hu Jiachang , Geng Xuemei , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Xialian , Lin Jing , Teng Jie , Ding Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2018

Electrolyte and acid-base disorders are commonly seen in critically ill and other hospitalized patients. A scoring system is needed to assess the severity of electrolyte and acid-base disorders and to predict outcome in hospital patients. Herein, we prospectively enrolled a total of 322,046 patients, including 84,700 patients in the derivation cohort and 237,346 in the validation cohort, in a large, tertiary hospital in East China from 2014 to 2017. A points-scoring system of general electrolyte and acid-base disorders with a sum of 20.8 points was generated by multiple logistic regression analysis of the derivation cohort. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of 2.0 was associated with 65.4% sensitivity and 88.4% specificity (area under the curve: 0.818 (95% CI 0.809 to 0.827)) to predict hospital mortality in the validation cohort. On Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the five intervals of risk score (Q1: 0 to 2.0; Q2: 2.1 to 2.5; Q3: 2.6 to 3.3; Q4: 3.4 to 4.5; and Q5: >4.5 points) showed differences in hospital survival (p<0.001). Elevated (delta) risk score >2 during hospitalization increased the risk of hospital death, while those with a delta risk score <0 and <−2 points had higher survival rates. This novel scoring system could be used to evaluate and to dynamically monitor the severity of electrolyte and acid-base disorders in hospitalized patients.
Predisposing factors of childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura in Anhui province, China
Authors: Xu Yao , Wang Jing Jing , Liu Fei Fei , Wu Yue , Wu Yang Fang , Samadli Sama , Luo Huang Huang , Zhang Dong Dong , Hu Peng
Published: December 2018

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a common autoimmune vasculitis in childhood. The detailed pathogenesis of HSP is still unclear, whereas several types of predisposing factors have been proved to be the initial step. The objectives of present study were to analyze the distribution of predisposing factors, association of the predisposing factors with clinical manifestations and HSP relapse/recurrence. 1200 children with HSP were recruited between January 2015 and December 2017. We reviewed their laboratory tests and medical histories associated with HSP onset. The annual incidence of HSP was 8.13–9.17 per 100 000 in Anhui province. HSP occurred more commonly in spring and winter than in summer with an obvious west-to-east gradient. Cutaneous purpura was the most prevalent manifestation (100%), followed by arthritis/arthralgias (43.67%), abdominal pain (40.17%) and renal involvement (18.17%). On admission, series of potential infections were identified in 611 patients (50.92%). The histories of allergy, injury, surgery, vaccination and tick bite were declared by 231 patients (19.25%), 15 patients (1.25%), 12 patients (1.00%), 4 patients (0.33%) and 3 patients (0.25%), respectively. However, predisposing factors could not be identified in 521 children with HSP (43.42%) yet. 123 cases (10.25%) relapsed or recurred more than one time; the mean number was 2.92, and the mean interval was 11.4 weeks. The infection is the most frequent predisposing factor regardless of clinical phenotypes and relapse/recurrence, whereas the clinical manifestations exhibit an obvious heterogenicity according to different predisposing factors.
Emergency medical systems education may improve knowledge of pre-hospital stroke triage protocols
Authors: DiBiasio Eleanor L , Jayaraman Mahesh V , Oliver Lori , Paolucci Gino , Clark Michael , Watkins Cristina , DeLisi Karen , Wilks Ann , Yaghi Shadi , Hemendinger Morgan , Baird Grayson L , Oostema J Adam , McTaggart Ryan A
Published: December 2018

Background

Following the results of randomized clinical trials supporting the use of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with tissue plasminogen activator for emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), our state Stroke Task Force convened to: update legislation to recognize differences between Primary Stroke Centers (PSCs) and Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs); and update Emergency Medical Services (EMS) protocols to triage direct transport of suspected ELVO patients to CSCs.

Purpose

We developed a single-session training curriculum for EMS personnel focused on the Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) score, its use to correctly triage patients as CSC-appropriate in the field, and our state-wide EMS stroke protocol. We assessed the effect of our training on EMS knowledge.

Methods

We assembled a focus group to develop a training curriculum and assessment questions that would mimic real-life conditions under which EMS personnel operate. Ten questions were formulated to assess content knowledge before and after training, and scores were compared using generalized mixed models.

Results

Training was provided for 179 EMS providers throughout the state.

Average pre-test score was 52.4% (95% CI 49% to 56%). Average post-test score was 85.6% (83%–88%, P<0.0001). Each of the 10 questions was individually assessed and all showed significant gains in EMS knowledge after training (P<0.0001).

Conclusions

A brief educational intervention results in substantial improvements in EMS knowledge of prehospital stroke severity scales and severity-based field triage protocols. Further study is needed to establish whether these gains in knowledge result in improved real-world performance.
Usual adult occupation and risk of prostate cancer in West African men: the Ghana Prostate Study
Authors: Adler Colin , Friesen Melissa C , Yeboah Edward D , Tettey Yao , Biritwum Richard B , Adjei Andrew A , Tay Evelyn , Okyne Victoria , Mensah James E , Truelove Ann , Yang Baiyu , Kelly Scott P , Zhou Cindy Ke , McCullough Lauren E , Pardo Larissa , Hoover Robert N , Hsing Ann W , Cook Michael B , Koutros Stella
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Established prostate cancer (PCa) risk factors include age, family history of PCa and African ancestry. Studies, mostly among highly screened, predominantly European ancestral populations, suggest that employment in certain occupations (eg, farming, military) may also have an increased risk for PCa. Here, we evaluated the association between usual adult occupation and PCa risk in Ghanaian men, a population with historically low rates of PCa screening.

Methods

The Ghana Prostate Study is a case-control study of PCa that was conducted from 2004 to 2012 in 749 cases and 964 controls. In-person interviews were conducted to collect information from participants, including longest held job. Industrial hygienists classified job titles into occupational categories. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs for the association between longest held job and PCa risk (overall, aggressive (Gleason≥7)), controlling for potential confounders.

Results

Risk was increased among men in management (overall PCa OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.2; aggressive PCa OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.5) and military occupations (overall PCa OR=3.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 7.0; aggressive PCa OR=3.5, 95% CI 1.5 to 8.3). Risks were also elevated for management and military-specific jobs based on 3-digit level Standard Occupational Classification definitions. Sensitivity analyses accounting for access to medical care did not show significant differences.

Conclusions

Our study provides some evidence for increased risk of PCa among men in management and military occupations, which is consistent with the published literature. Additional research is needed to clarify the drivers of the associations between these occupations and PCa.
Study of anharmonicity in pure and doped InSe by Raman scattering
Authors: Zolfaghari Mahmoud
Published: December 2018

With the help of temperature dependence, Raman scattering anharmonic effect of various modes of layered semiconductor InSe over temperature range of 20–650 K has been studied. It was found that with an increase in temperature, anharmonicity will increase. Two and three phonons coupling with optical phonon, are used to describe temperature-induced anharmonicity in the linewidth of Raman modes. It was found that the temperature variation of the phonon parameter can be accounted for well by the cubic term in anharmonic model. To describe line-center shift of Raman modes, a model not considering independently cubic and quartic anharmonicity was used. A similar study has been done for InSe doped with different concentration of GaS dopant. The result of temperature study of InSe doped with GaS revealed that in this case anharmonicity increases with an increase in dopant and an increase in temperature.
Formalization Integrated Development Environments
Authors: Welch Daniel
Published: December 2018

Development Environments (F-IDEs) for specification and programming languages. Specifically we summarize the toolchains for some well-known languages in this category, and conclude with a summary of RESOLVESTUDIO, an F-IDE for the RESOLVE language.
SEET
Authors: Benala1 Tirimula Rao , Mall Rajib
Published: December 2018

Software development effort estimation (SDEE) is a significant activity in project management and serves as the basis for project bidding, planning, staffing, resource allocation, scheduling, and cost estimation. The accuracy of SDEE techniques varies from project to project, which makes them rather unreliable. In this backdrop, we propose a foundation centered ensemble-based SDEE approach. The primary goal of this approach is to design an ensemble consisting of different machine learning methods for improving the prediction accuracy of SDEE. In recent times, several research results have been reported on machine learning based ensemble design, but extreme learning machine (ELM) and least square support vector regression (LSSVR) have not been used to develop an ensemble. We chose three machine learning techniques, namely ELM, LSSVR, and multilayer perceptron (MLP) as the base techniques to build an ensemble. We investigated the performance of a homogeneous ensemble design using a linear combination rule with standardized accuracy as a weight factor. The performance of the ensemble model is validated and compared with root mean square error (RMSE) based weighted average ensemble model with equivalent configuration. The experimental study was conducted using publicly available PROMISE repository test suite. We achieved promising results for SEET model compared to base learners and RMSE ensemble model.
Dental Follicle Stem Cells Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation by Secreting TGF-β3 and TSP-1 to Elicit Macrophage M2 Polarization
Authors: Chen Xiaochuan , Yang Bo , Tian Jun , Hong Hong , Du Yu , Li Kun , Li Xin , Wang Nan , Yu Xiaoqi , Wei Xi 
Published: December 2018

Background/Aims: Increasing evidence has demonstrated the novel roles of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in immunotherapy. However, difficulty in acquiring these cells and possible ethical issues limited their application. Recently, we have isolated a unique MSC population from dental follicles with potent stem cell-like properties. This study focused on the effects of dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) on macrophage activation and polarization to determine their role in immunomodulation and to test if DFSCs are a promising cell source for MSC-based immunotherapy. Methods: Rat acute lung injury (ALI) models induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were applied to test the immune-modulatory effects of DFSC/DFSC-CM in vivo. The pulmonary permeability was determined by the dry / wet weight ratios of the left upper lung lobe. The lung histopathological damage was graded on a 0 to 4+ scale. And the inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were tested by ELISA. Then we established LPS-induced inflamed macrophage models in vitro. Inflammatory cytokine production and polarization marker expression were measured by RT-qPCR, ELISA, western blot and flow cytometric analysis in macrophages following DFSC-CM treatment. The paracrine factors in DFSC-CM were revealed by a RayBiotech Protein Array. Thereafter, neutralization studies were performed to confirm the potential immune regulators in DFSC-CM. Results: The DFSC/DFSC-CM not only attenuated histopathological damage and pulmonary permeability, but also downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP-1, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in BALF. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the increased expression of macrophage M2 marker Arg-1. Further in vitro study revealed that macrophages switched to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype when co-cultured with DFSC-CM, characterized by suppressed production of pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP-1, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and M1-polarizing markers iNOS and CD86; and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the M2-polarizing markers Arg-1 and CD163. A RayBiotech Protein Array revealed 42 differentially expressed (> 2-fold) paracrine factors in DFSC-CM compared with the serum-free Ham’s F-12K medium, among which TGF-β3 and Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) were upregulated by 18- and 105-fold, respectively. Neutralization studies confirmed the immunoregulatory roles of TGF-β3 and TSP-1 in macrophage activation and polarization. Conclusion: These results indicated that DFSCs can reprogram macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, the paracrine factors TGF-β3 and TSP-1 may be one of the underlying mechanisms. This study supports the hypothesis that DFSCs are promising for MSC-based immunotherapy.
High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin: From Patient Phenotypes to Clinical Events in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Bozkurt Biykem
Published: December 2018

See Article by
Fudim et al
Politics and Virtue: Radical Orthodoxy and Wisdom for the Common Good
Authors: Cowdell Scott
Published: December 2018

This article reflects on political virtue in conversation with an influential manifesto from English Radical Orthodoxy: The Politics of Virtue, by John Milbank and Adrian Pabst. They see social and economic liberalism as destroying a sustaining metaphysics of communal abiding, with classical and Judaeo-Christian roots. They commend an ‘alternative modern’ version of this past, albeit through British and European political traditions and arrangements preserving elements of its ‘conservative socialism.’ Yet they undersell the spiritual capacities of secular modernity, also the political virtue of principled, non-ideological pragmatism. And they oversell the actual pacific character of that idealised past, since such closed worlds required the discrete use of violence to maintain order and boundaries. A more mainstream Christian account of political virtue today would see liberal autonomy augmented by a revived communitarianism, along with the civilizing of global capital.
Reading Karl Barth in Myanmar: The Significance of His Political Theology for a Public Theology in Myanmar
Authors: Moe David Thang
Published: December 2018

This article pays particular attention to the three themes in Barth’s macro-political theology and their contextual significance for a micro-political theology for Myanmar. First, I explore Barth’s renewed doctrine of political Lordship in response to the traditional doctrine of two kingdoms. Second, I examine his hermeneutics of the dialectical relation between church and state and the ethical role of the church in the sociopolitical situation in the light of his theological document of the Barmen Declaration against the evil of Nazism and the errors of the church. Finally, I seek to show how Barth’s political theology and liberation theology are convergent and divergent in their synthetic goals of transforming unjust rulers and liberating the oppressed, reforming and renewing the ethnic church, and establishing an embracive and reconciled community in Myanmar.
The aphid fauna (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphidomorpha) of Murmansk province (Russia), with description of Aphis khrulevi sp. nov. and Dysaphis karyakini sp. nov. and males of Chaitophorus nigricantis Pintera, 1987
Authors: STEKOLSHCHIKOV ANDREY V. , BUGA SERGEY V.
Published: December 2018

An updated aphid (Hemiptera, Aphidomorpha) check-list of Murmansk province (European Russia) is presented, it includes 162 species. Chaitophorus nigricantis Pintera, 1987, Schizaphis nigerrima (Hille Ris Lambers), Hyperomyzus (Neonasonovia) zirnitsi Hille Ris Lambers, Nasonovia (Kakimia) vannesii Stenseth, Plocamaphis flocculosa goernitzi Börner and Schizaphis graminum gigjai Stroyan are recorded for the first time from Russia. Both apterous and alate males of Chaitophorus nigricantis nigricantis Pintera are described. Two new aphid species are described: Aphis khrulevi sp. nov. from fundatrices and  apterous viviparous females, living on Veronica longifolia and Dysaphis karyakini sp. nov. from apterous and alate viviparous females, oviparous females and males, living on Cenolophium denudatum. Comments about the distribution and biology of aphids in this Northern part of Europe, and on the completeness of the list are given.
A new species of the genus Sazonia O. Gorbunov & Arita, 2001 from Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)
Authors: GORBUNOV OLEG G. , ARITA YUTAKA
Published: December 2018

A new clearwing moth species of the tribe Osminiini is described and illustrated from North Vietnam: Sazonia (Sazonia) vietnamica sp. nov. The female and the larval host plant are unknown. The genus Sazonia is recorded for the country for the first time. The holotype is deposited in the collection of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba (formerly the Natural Science Museum Tokyo).
New species of Corotoca Schiødte, 1853 from South America and description of first instar larva
Authors: ZILBERMAN BRUNO , CASARI SÔNIA A.
Published: December 2018

Corotoca Schiødte, 1853 is a Neotropical genus of termitophile beetles, with five species. The establishment of this genus marks the first record of insects living associated to termites. A new species, Corotoca pseudomelantho Zilberman, sp. nov. from Brazil and Argentina, based on adult and first larval instar, is described and illustrated. The first instar larva of C. melantho Schiødte, 1853, a related species, is redescribed and illustrated. This is the first record of Corotoca species from Argentina.
Notes on the Dianous bimaculatus complex with description of a new species from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
Authors: TANG LIANG , HUANG MENG-CHI
Published: December 2018

A new species of the Dianous bimaculatus complex from China is described: D. hubeiensis Tang & Huang, sp. n. from Hubei Province. New distributional records are reported for Dianous flavoculatus Puthz, 1997 and D. hainanensis Puthz, 1997. A key to Chinese species of the Dianous bimaculatus complex is provided
Ototyphlonemertes longissima sp. nov. (Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae), a new interstitial nemertean from the South China Sea
Authors: LIU HAI-LONG
Published: December 2018

Ototyphlonemertes longissima sp. nov is described from the South China Sea. The present species, up to 158 mm long, is about three times longer than the longest previously reported individual known in the genus. It possesses a narrow stylet basis, a bulbous proboscis diaphragm, a long middle proboscis chamber, sculptured stylets, polygranular statocysts and excretory tubules, and thus belongs to the O. macintoshi species group. The genetic divergence (average uncorrected p-distance) between O. longissima (representing a unique network in TCS analysis) and the other species (TCS networks) of genus Ototyphlonemertes is 0.135–0.185.
The Sniffin’ Sticks Odor Discrimination Memory Test: A Rapid, Easy-to-Use, Reusable Procedure for Testing Olfactory Memory
Authors: Besser Gerold , Jobs Leandra , Liu David Tianxiang , Mueller Christian A. , Renner Bertold
Published: December 2018

Objectives:

Neurodegenerative diseases can alter odor memory in addition to inducing quantitative impairment, and olfactory memory can be tested using the validated olfactory memory test with encapsulated odors (Odor Discrimination Memory Test [ODMT]). The aim of this study was to investigate the new Sniffin’ Sticks ODMT (SSODMT), which is comparable with the ODMT.

Methods:

The SSODMT was administered to 48 subjects (30 women, 18 men; mean age, 34.6 ± 16.3 years). Olfactory function was assessed using the 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks Identification Test. The ODMT was administered to a subgroup of 10 subjects to assess the comparability of the SSODMT and the ODMT. Test-retest reliability was studied in another 20 subjects (10 women, 10 men; mean age, 32.9 ± 16.4 years).

Results:

The mean SSODMT score was 10.7 ± 1.8 (range, 5-12). SSODMT test scores were significantly correlated with Sniffin’ Sticks Identification Test scores ( r67 = 0.66, P < .001) and were significantly negatively correlated with subject age ( r48 = −0.70, P < .001). SSODMT and ODMT scores were highly and significantly correlated, indicating that the test results were comparable ( r10 = 0.75, P < .05). Test-retest analysis revealed a significant correlation ( r20 = 0.68, P < .001).

Conclusions:

These results demonstrate the usefulness of the new SSODMT and its comparability with the ODMT. The SSODMT is an easy, rapid, and low-cost tool that is suitable for routine use in evaluating odor memory.
The Unsound Theory Behind the Consumer (and Total) Welfare Goal in Antitrust
Authors: Glick Mark
Published: December 2018

This is the first installment of a two-part commentary on the New Brandeis School (the “New Brandeisians”) in Antitrust. In this first part, I examine why the New Brandeisians are correct to reject the consumer welfare standard. Instead of arguing, as the New Brandeisians do, that the consumer welfare standard leads to unacceptable outcomes, I argue that the consumer or total welfare standard was theoretically flawed and unrigorous from the start. My basic argument is that antitrust law addresses the impact of business strategies in markets where there are winners and losers. For example, in the classical exclusionary monopolist case, the monopolist’s conduct is enjoined to increase competition in the affected market or markets. As a result of the intervention, consumers benefit, but the monopolist is worse off. One hundred years of analysis by the welfare economists themselves shows that in such situations “welfare” or “consumer welfare” cannot be used as a reliable guide to assess the results of antitrust policy. Pareto Optimality does not apply in these situations because there are losers. Absent an ability to divine “cardinal utility” from observations of market behavior, other approaches such as consumer surplus, and compensating and equivalent variation cannot be coherently extended from the individual level to markets. The Kaldor-Hicks compensation principle that is in standard use in law and economics was created to address problems of interpersonal comparisons of utility and the existence of winners and losers. However, the Kaldor-Hicks compensation principle is also inconsistent. Additional problems with the concept of welfare raised by philosophers, psychologists, and experimental economists are also considered. In light of this literature, the New Brandeisians are correct to reject Judge Bork’s original argument for adoption of the consumer welfare standard, but for deeper reasons than they have expressed thus far.
The Multiple Goals of Antitrust
Authors: Foer Albert Allen , Durst Arthur
Published: December 2018

This article proceeds by briefly describing the origins and transformation of the consumer welfare model, arguing that as a designated exclusive goal for antitrust, it is both confusing and incomplete. The discussion then turns to fundamental questions about what we want from our political economy generally and from antitrust more specifically, demonstrating that the answers are not well captured by the “consumer welfare” rubric. In fact, there are multiple economic, political, cultural, and historic values at work, and there are significant shortcomings if we try to make any one economic value the singular lodestar. At the same time, holding that there are multiple goals also has important shortcomings. We offer an alternative way of conceptualizing the question of goals, in which the primary objective of antitrust and competition policy is to promote and protect a political economy that provides the society’s best mixture of competition and cooperation, given its culture, history, technology, and political situation at a given period of time.
They Love Me Not: A Meta-Analysis of Relations Between Parental Undifferentiated Rejection And Offspring’s Psychological Maladjustment
Authors: Ali Sumbleen , Khatun Nazma , Khaleque Abdul , Rohner Ronald P.
Published: December 2018

Extensive cross-cultural evidence supports the conclusion that children and adults everywhere understand themselves to be cared about (accepted) or not cared about (rejected) by the people most important to them (e.g., parents) in four ways. These four ways include the perception of warmth/affection (or coldness/lack of affection), hostility/aggression, indifference/neglect, and undifferentiated rejection. In addition, extensive cross-cultural evidence supports the conclusion that psychological adjustment of children and adults everywhere tends to be affected in the same way when they feel their attachment figures do not care about or love them (i.e., reject them). About 11 prior meta-analyses have documented these conclusions about the relationship between psychological maladjustment and the experiences of parental coldness/lack of affection, hostility/aggression, and indifference/neglect, among offspring. However, the cross-cultural link between psychological maladjustment and undifferentiated rejection has not heretofore been explored via meta-analysis. That is the purpose of this study. It examined relations among children’s current perceptions and adults’ remembrances of parental undifferentiated rejection in childhood, and offspring’s psychological adjustment. The meta-analysis was based on 102 studies (89 published and 13 unpublished) from 17 countries involving 24,003 respondents. Results showed that both maternal and paternal undifferentiated rejection correlated significantly in all countries with overall psychological maladjustment of both children and adults. However, maternal undifferentiated rejection had a significantly stronger relationship with both children’s and adults’ psychological maladjustment than did perceived paternal undifferentiated rejection. Perceived maternal undifferentiated rejection also had a significantly stronger relationship with children’s psychological maladjustment than with adults’ psychological maladjustment.
Correlates of Breath Alcohol Concentration Among Driving Under the Influence Program Clients in Southern California
Authors: Courchesne Natasia S. , Muth Conner M. , Barker Melanie , Woodruff Susan I.
Published: December 2018

Understanding factors correlated with breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) at time of arrest for driving under the influence (DUI) may lead to informed rehabilitation programs. This study describes correlations between BrAC at time of arrest and sociodemographic, mental, and physical health, and alcohol-related characteristics among clients in a large California DUI Program. Client reported data ( n = 17,282) were collected at an intake from 2009 to 2014. BrACs ranged from 0.083% to 0.390%, with an average of 0.159% ( SD = 0.051), almost twice the legal limit in the state. Approximately 10.6% of the variance in BrAC was explained by 11 significant correlates. Two sociodemographic factors (age and race/ethnicity) as well as several alcohol-related characteristics were related to higher BrAC levels, whereas comorbid mental and physical health factors played less of a role. Factors associated with BrAC are complex and warrant further investigation to identify causality and inform future interventions.
The Nature of Intimate Wounding and the “Shadow Abuser”
Authors: Crenshaw David Allen , Caprioli Sarah
Published: December 2018

Intimate wounding resulting from injuries inflicted by persons once loved and trusted cause deep suffering and complicate the recovery process. This form of interpersonal trauma often involves not only betrayal but sexual abuse or assault, so the wounding is targeted to the most private and personal parts of one’s body causing an injury to the spirit of the person. The “culture of silencing” contributes to the complications in healing by imposing attitudes of shame, secrecy, and stigma. Because of the manipulation and exploitation experienced repeatedly by the victims-survivors of intimate wounding they are sensitized to countertherapeutic attitudes of therapists and other would be helpers particularly any judgmental views whether expressed openly or covertly. Treatment requires avoiding pitfalls outlined in the article that will trigger the natural and adaptive hypersensitivity of the victim-survivor who cannot tolerate further devaluation. Individual treatment has to take into account the cultural context that in some important ways participated in the grooming of the client and laid the groundwork through rape culture and toxic masculinity for the exploitation and pressured victims-survivors to keep silent in some cases for decades.
Conclusion: What academia can contribute to refugee policy
Authors: Salehyan Idean
Published: December 2018

This conclusion to the special issue highlights the role of scholars in advancing the public discussion about forced migration. As countries around the world are adopting increasing restrictions on the entry of refugees, academic research can help to dispel some of the myths and apprehensions regarding the risks that forced migration entails. While refugees may be linked to conflict and violence in limited circumstances, the research generally demonstrates that robust international cooperation to manage refugee settlements, provide adequate humanitarian assistance, and integrate refugees into host communities, among other policies, can help to mitigate potential risks. Directions for future research and analysis are also discussed. Forced migration scholars should endeavor to collect more individual-level data; seek to understand factors that exacerbate or reduce security risks associated with cross-border militancy; conduct research on the long-term integration of refugees; and seek to understand the causes and consequences of resettlement and repatriation policies.
(Un)safe sex in James Bond films: what chance for sex education?
Authors: Zegers Lara DA , Zegers Richard HC
Published: December 2018

Background and aims

Many women in Bond films make love to James Bond (alias 007). Our objective was to quantify the practice of (un)safe sex in Bond films.

Methods and results

All 24 Bond films were watched together by the authors and the following data were recorded: if the women had sex with 007, whether the women consumed any alcohol before they had sex, whether contraceptives were mentioned and/or used by 007 or the women and whether the women survived the film. Bond had sexual relations with a total of 58 different women. Twenty-two percent of the women had consumed alcohol. In none of the films was any type of contraception mentioned or used. A total of 28% women did not survive the film.

Conclusion

If he were real, Bond outnumbers the British men at least fivefold when it comes to the number of sexual partners over a lifetime. Nevertheless, over time casual sex is becoming less frequent for 007. Sexually transmitted diseases, safe sex and (unwanted) pregnancies seem not to exist in the films. Some suggestions were made to promote safe sex in future Bond films as movies can play an important role in sex education.
‘‘I Can Turn It on When I Need To’’: Pre-college Integration, Culture, and Peer Academic Engagement among Black and Latino/a Engineering Students
Authors: Johnson Anthony M.
Published: December 2018

Drawing on interviews with 38 black and Latino/a engineering students at a predominantly white, elite university, I use a cultural analytic framework to explicate the role of pre–college integration in the heterogeneous psychosocial and academic experiences of students of color on predominantly white campuses. I identify three cultural strategies students of color adopt to navigate the university’s ethnoracially segregated peer network landscape and more specifically, engage majority–white academic peer networks: integration, marginalized segregation, and social adaptation. Integrators, who hail from predominantly white high schools, engage majority–white academic networks with ease, do not experience ethnoracial marginalization, and form predominantly white networks in college. Marginalized segregators, who come from predominantly black, Latino/a, or mixed high schools, exhibit discomfort engaging majority–white academic networks, experience ethnoracial marginalization, and form predominantly same–race or co–ethnic networks in college. Finally, social adapters, who come from high schools with varying ethnoracial compositions, manage their experiences with ethnoracial marginalization to engage majority–white academic networks with ease, and the ethnoracial composition of their college networks varies. The findings extend previous scholarship on the experiences of black and Latino/a students on predominantly white campuses and uncover the cultural processes that contribute to the reproduction of inequality among students of color.
The Luminous mechanism of Eu2+ and Dy3+ co-doped long persistent luminous fiber
Authors: Guo Xuefeng , Zhang Keqin , Ge Mingqiao
Published: December 2018

Fiber-forming polymer polyethylene terephthalate chips were blended with Eu2+ and Dy3+ co-doped SrAl2O4 (SAOED) to afford luminous fiber with long and persistent afterglow. A dynamical model was set up to study the afterglow process in order to correlate the afterglow characteristics with the trap levels of SAOED and luminous fiber. The results indicated that the illustration of initial afterglow for luminous fiber was obviously lower than that of SAOED, but its decay process was moderately slow and therefore longer than that of SAOED. Compared with SAOED, the thermo-luminescence peak of the fiber shifted to the higher temperature, and its intensity was lower than that of SAOED. With the time extension of delay time after excitation, the depth of trap level for luminous fiber in our studies did not show any significant change. The afterglow decay behavior can be best fit by using I =  I0/(1 +  bt)2; the fitting showed that the afterglow decay process followed the second order dynamics.
Book review: K. B. Saxena (Ed.), Swaraj and the Reluctant State
Authors: Singh Mahendra Prasad
Published: December 2018

K. B. Saxena (Ed.), Swaraj and the Reluctant State. Delhi: Aakar Books, 2018, xviii-512 pp., ₹1695, ISBN: 978350025260 (Hardcover).
Book review: Mark D. Chong and Abraham P. Francis (Eds.), Demystifying Criminal Justice Social Work in India
Authors: Kunjappan Sony
Published: December 2018

Mark D. Chongand Abraham P. Francis (Eds.), Demystifying Criminal Justice Social Work in India. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2017, 297 pp., ₹950, ISBN: 9789386062475.
Emerging National Qualification Framework in India: A Journey of Dilemmas
Authors: Mandal Sayantan
Published: December 2018

The global spread of the National Qualification Framework (NQF) for education provides a structure of well-defined, nationally accredited qualification while focussing on learning outcomes. In India, the NQF is emerging as a mechanism to regain confidence in the system of education by making it competitive and compatible with market demands. However, the Indian education system is so diverse that it creates problems of comparability and difficulties in establishing equivalence. Moreover, there is more than one Qualification Framework (QF) in the higher education domain alone. This article seeks to examine how policy should metamorphose by stitching the fragmented fabric of Indian higher education system and the QFs in such a comprehensive manner that it responds effectively to reform it in the present age of globalisation. It argues that a dynamic synergy and remapping is required between the Indian QFs and the NQF policies which should be based on evidence-based research and a detailed understanding of the education system recognising its unique complexities.
Is Emotional Labor Easier in Collectivist or Individualist Cultures? An East–West Comparison
Authors: Mastracci Sharon , Adams Ian
Published: December 2018

Emotional labor is the effort to express job-appropriate emotions and/or suppress inappropriate emotions. The effort manifests in interpersonal interactions, whether face to face or voice to voice, and can increase stress and burnout. Most research in emotional labor is based on North American samples. Could public servants in different cultures experience emotional labor differently? We test the provocative hypothesis that emotional labor is less stressful for people in collectivist cultures, due to the predominance of harmony and interdependence in such cultures. Our results confirm that emotional labor via surface acting leads to burnout to a lesser degree for respondents in collectivist cultures compared with individualistic cultures. Emotional labor via deep acting actually lowers burnout in collectivist cultures. We also find that emotional labor theories based on North American studies may be used in Eastern contexts, and that public servants in collectivist cultures are more responsive to display rules compared with those in individualist cultures.
The Color of Money or How to Redesign a “Monument in Your Pocket”
Authors: Squires Catherine R. , Upton Aisha
Published: December 2018

In 2016, the Treasury Department announced that the redesigned $20 bill would feature Harriet Tubman on its front, sparking jubilation from women activists who had campaigned for female representation on paper currency, which leaders referred to as a “monument in your pocket.” But the redesign also brought sharp rebukes from white conservatives, including Republican presidential candidates, who accused the Treasury of capitulating to “political correctness” at the expense of the honor and memory of President Andrew Jackson. This essay uses a comparative content analysis of dominant and people-of-color-focused news and editorial coverage of the redesign to incite a reparative, black feminist reading of how news contributors shaped and reshaped public memories of Tubman and Jackson.
The changing geography of global science
Authors: Gui Qinchang , Liu Chengliang , Du Debin , Duan Dezhong
Published: December 2018

Science is happening in more countries, although the spread is geographically uneven. The geography of global science is evolving from a bipolar world to a tripolar pattern, and there are shifts in relative terms from the West (Europe and the USA) towards the East (Asia-Pacific), and from the Global North (established economies) to the Global South (emerging economies). The traditional science powerhouses have dominated global science, but emerging scientific countries are rising; both are reshaping global scientific landscape.
The Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and 30-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Young Adult Women
Authors: Wright Elizabeth Novack , Hanlon Alexandra , Lozano Alicia , Teitelman Anne M.
Published: December 2018

Intimate partner violence (IPV), the physical, sexual, psychological abuse or control by a former or current intimate partner, affects almost one third of women in the United States. IPV exposure can result in many negative outcomes including physical injury, increased stress, and depression. Currently, there is a growing body of literature examining the link between IPV victimization and poor heart health. However, there is little known on how IPV affects cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among young adult women and what outcomes associated with IPV victimization may be increasing this risk. A secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) was conducted to examine the association between past-year IPV exposure and 30-year CVD risk score among a representative sample of young adult women in the United States. Regression analyses were run to examine the relationship between IPV and 30-year CVD risk score. The results of the bivariate analyses suggested that past-year IPV exposure may have a small but significant impact on 30-year CVD risk score; however, this finding becomes insignificant when important covariates are introduced into the model highlighting the complexity of IPV and its co-occurring phenomenon. The findings of this study reveal that 30-year CVD risk in the context of IPV victimization should continue to be examined in this population as CVD risk may continue to grow as one experiences IPV. Future research should examine possible mediating factors in this relationship as well as biological markers that may help better understand this relationship.
Multimorbidity and Hospital Admissions in High-Need, High-Cost Elderly Patients
Authors: Buja Alessandra , Rivera Michele , De Battisti Elisa , Corti Maria Chiara , Avossa Francesco , Schievano Elena , Rigon Stefano , Baldo Vincenzo , Boccuzzo Giovanna , Ebell Mark H.
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim was to clarify which pairs or clusters of diseases predict the hospital-related events and death in a population of patients with complex health care needs (PCHCN). Method: Subjects classified in 2012 as PCHCN in a local health unit by ACG® (Adjusted Clinical Groups) System were linked with hospital discharge records in 2013 to identify those who experienced any of a series of hospital admission events and death. Number of comorbidities, comorbidities dyads, and latent classes were used as exposure variable. Regression analyses were applied to examine the associations between dependent and exposure variables. Results: Besides the fact that larger number of chronic conditions is associated with higher odds of hospital admission or death, we showed that certain dyads and classes of diseases have a particularly strong association with these outcomes. Discussion: Unlike morbidity counts, analyzing morbidity clusters and dyads reveals which combinations of morbidities are associated with the highest hospitalization rates or death.
Revealing Hidden Gender Biases in Competence Impressions of Faces
Authors: Oh DongWon , Buck Elinor A. , Todorov Alexander
Published: December 2018

Competence impressions from faces affect important decisions, such as hiring and voting. Here, using data-driven computational models, we identified the components of the competence stereotype. Faces manipulated by a competence model varied in attractiveness (Experiment 1a). However, faces could be manipulated on perceived competence controlling for attractiveness (Experiment 1b); moreover, faces perceived as more competent but not attractive were also perceived as more confident and masculine, suggesting a bias to perceive male faces as more competent than female faces (Experiment 2). Correspondingly, faces manipulated to appear competent but not attractive were more likely to be classified as male (Experiment 3). When masculinity cues that induced competence impressions were applied to real-life images, these cues were more effective on male faces (Experiment 4). These findings suggest that the main components of competence impressions are attractiveness, confidence, and masculinity, and they reveal gender biases in how we form important impressions of other people.
Volume Estimation Through Mental Simulation
Authors: Perfecto Hannah , Donnelly Kristin , Critcher Clayton R.
Published: December 2018

Although mental simulation underlies many day-to-day judgments, we identified a new domain influenced by simulation: volume estimation. Previous research has identified various ways in which volume estimates are biased but typically has not presented a psychological process by which such judgments are made. Our simulation-informs-perception account proposes that people often estimate a container’s size by simulating filling it. First, this produces an orientation effect: The same container is judged larger when right side up than when upside down because of the greater ease of imagining filling an upright container. Second, we identified a cavern effect: Imagining pouring water through a narrow opening toward a relatively wide base produces a sense that the container is cavernous and large (compared with identically sized, wide-topped, narrow-based containers). By testing for and demonstrating the importance of simulation to these effects, we showed how complex perceptual judgments can be distorted by higher level cognitive influences even when they are necessarily informed by modularly processed perceptual input.