bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Approach to the Determination of the Propagation Speed of a Radio Signal
Authors: Popov Igor P.
Published: June 2020

When determining the speed of a wave electromagnetic pulse, the source with the clock is fixedly set at the coordinate x0 = 0 of the coordinate system associated with it. At time t0 it emits a wave electromagnetic pulse. The receiver approaches the source with velocity v. The device clock, synchronized with the source clock, is set fixedly relative to the source at the coordinate x2. It registers the receiver passing through this coordinate at time t0. The device clock, synchronized with the clock source, is set fixedly relative to the source at the coordinate x1. It records both the receiver and pulse passing through this coordinate at time t1. According to the data of motionless observers, the speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum is composed of the tabular velocity of electromagnetic waves and the velocity difference of the source and receiver
Erkek Evreninde Erkeklik Biçimlerinin Temsili: www.erkekadam.org Üzerine Nitel Bir Analiz
Authors: ELGÜN Aslı
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma nitel bir yaklaşımla Türkiye’deki “erkek evreni” ’nde erkeklik biçimlerini keşfetmek ve betimlemek üzerine kurgulanmıştır. Çalışmada www.erkekadam.org bloğunda yer alan 188 gönderi tematik analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda hegemonik erkeklik, madun erkeklik ve eril yaşam tarzı olmak üzere 3 temaya ulaşılmıştır. Hegemonik erkeklik; duygusal olarak güçlü, alfa zihniyeti gösteren, hobileri olan, erkek arkadaşları ile vakit geçiren, kendini düşünen, girişimci, baskın, disiplinli, spor yapan, maskülinitesinin farkında olan olarak tasvir edilmiştir. Madun erkeklik ise duygusal olarak güçsüz, dişil, bezgin, itaatkâr, uysal, disiplinsiz, tek kadın ile yaşamını geçiren erkekler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bir başka tema ise erkeğin yaşam biçimine yöneliktir. Gönderiler bir yaşam biçimini öğütlemekte ve erkekler için moda, aksesuar, kozmetik gibi çeşitli konularda reçeteler sunmaktadır.
INNOVATIVE EXPERIENCE OF ITALY IN THE ORGANIZATION OF ENOGASTRONOMIC TOURISM ROUTES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WINE AND TASTE ROAD OF LOMBARDY
Authors: Motuzenko Olena Oleksandrivna , Giancola Daryna Vadimovna
Published: June 2020

The aim of the article is to investigate the role of products with a protected geographical indication in the economic and tourist development of the Lombardy region (Northern Italy) and to define tools for the balanced development of rural areas by means of enogastronomic tourism for their further implementation in Ukraine.

Methodology. The research is based on general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of information from official sources.

Results. The meaning of the “Wine and Taste Road” is defined, described one of the best practices of organization a gastronomic route system on the example of the Wine and Taste Road system in the Lombardy region and the role of products with a protected geographical indication as objects of tourist attraction.

Scientific novelty. The structural organization (organizational, managerial, component and territorial) of the Wine and Taste Roads system of the Lombardy region is revealed.

Practical significance. In the practical aspect identified strategic directions of implementing the innovative experience of the Lombardy region in the process of development of gastronomic tourism in Ukraine.
DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE COMPREHENSIVE HOSPITALITY PROGRAM FOR IMPROVING INTERNATIONAL UKRAINIAN-FRENCH RELATIONS
Authors: Sarkisian Ganna Ovsepivna , Tymomir Lyudmila Anatolievna
Published: June 2020

The aim of the work is to find ways to improve the Ukrainian-French socio-economic relations, to organize a program of hospitality for the stay of French students in Ukraine.

Methodology. The object of analysis, generalizations and research is the development of measures for the development of economic relations between the countries under study through the organization of gastronomic, wine, business, scientific and cognitive, complex tours.The objective of the work is to identify the objects for cooperation, to develop a model of cooperation.

Results. Based on the results of the work, a draft project for a visit to French students for the national-language curriculum has been developed, and animation, cultural and entertainment events have been proposed to promote French culture among Ukrainian youth and further cultural exchange among the countries under study.

Scientific novelty. Models of cooperation have been developed by organizing gastronomic, wine, business, scientific and educational, comprehensive tours.

Practical significance. The results can be used in the hospitality industry to expand additional services
THE POLITICS OF POPULISM SPREAD AND THE CHANGING IDEOLOGICAL SPACE IN EUROPE
Authors: Braychevskyy Yulian
Published: June 2020

Aim: To perform the geographic analysis of the socio-political context of mass spread of populist movements in European countries and to trace its impact on the ideological space in the European region. Methodology: The paper is based upon the historical-geographic overview of the pre-conditions framing the political and party systems development in European countries in the second half of the XXth century, analysis of populism spread dynamics across European states and speculation on the factors conditioning rapid populism spread becoming a major political trend f the recent years. Empirical data on the level of support of the populist parties in European countries is borrowed from the Swedish analytical think-tank TIMBRO, which compiles the authoritarian populism index for European states and provides data on the support level for populist parties of various parts of the political spectrum. We used the methodology of the T.Blair Institute for Global Change for classifying populist political forces in Europe. Results: The article presents the analysis of the key trends and dynamics of the electoral support for populist parties in the number of European states and a historical-geographic overview of the development of the political and party systems in the European countries in the post-War period. Also, it contains the analysis of the contextual factors of populism electoral support, namely those related to the changes in relations between political elites and their base electorate as well as those related to the changes in the external environment of political system development. Academic novelty: The article suggests employing theoretical perspectives of B.Moore (social origins of democratic institutes and evolution of the relations between political elites and their electorates) and S.M.Lipsett-S.Rokkan (development of the major socio-political cleavages in European states) while searching for explanations of the populist parties growing support. That is employing the terms of structural analysis of the party elites, their material, social and value base as well as historical and geographic context of their development. Practical significance: Ukraine faces similar to other European countries challenges of mass populism. The search for efficient strategies of countering this phenomenon requires comprehensive analysis of the European experience as well as comparison of the Ukrainian context and factors determining political party system and ways of electorate mobilization with the analogous features of the political space in the European states.
Lower airways and lungs affection in coronavirus infection covid-19 among children and adults: similarities and differences (review of literature)
Authors: Furman E. G. , Repetskaya M. N. , Koryukina I. P.
Published: June 2020

The review presents the data of actual publications for 2019-2020 regarding the course of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children and adults. The features of a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causes of its tropism to human respiratory system are discussed. The questions of clinical and roentgenological manifestations of lung affection in COVID-19 among children and adults are described in details. The adult COVID-19 is characterized by the presence of clinical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection: elevation of temperature ( 90 %), cough (dry or with small amount of sputum) in 80% of cases, dyspnea (55 %), fatigability (44 %), sense of stiffness in chest ( 20 %). The most severe dyspnea is being developed by the days 68 from the moment of falling ill. Separately, the peculiar features of computed tomography of the lungs in children and adults with COVID-19 are discussed. The typical signs for CT-picture of the lungs in children with COVID-19 infection and pneumonia are bilateral affection, infiltration with a typical surrounding aureole the sign of halo, the symptom of opal glass with predominantly peripheral localization and often in combination with elevated procalcitonin level. The cases of pneumonias in newborns and children of the first year of life with COVID-19 infection are considered in the paper. A clinical case with roentgenograms of thoracic organs and results of computed tomography accompanying is presented as an illustration. The high-risk groups of complicated COVID-19 course can include children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, patients with immune deficiencies, hemodynamically significant heart failures and chronic renal disease.
Optimization of management of patients with coloproctological profile in outpatient surgical treatment of hemorrhoids
Authors: Lisichkin A. L. , Busyrev Yu. B. , Karpunina T. I.
Published: June 2020

Objective. Various aspects of the organization and optimization of diagnosis and treatment, including surgical, in patients with hemorrhoids one of the most common diseases in coloproctology are still the subject of discussion. Problems of the postoperative period can be prolonged spasm of anal sphincter, severe pain syndrome and delayed postoperative bleeding.

Materials and methods. We conducted a one-center prospective study in 214 patients, undergoing surgical treatment for stage 34 chronic hemorrhoids. The most common surgery for hemorrhoids was a different combination of hemorrhoidal artery ligation (HAL), rectomucopexy (RAR) and excision of one to three external hemorrhoids in one and the same patient. In all the observations, we used a specially developed questionnaire, including a visual-analog scale (VAS) and registration of taking anesthetiсs per day, so as to objectify the assessment of the level of pain after surgery. Identification of local inflammation included taking a blood sample in an amount of 0.1 ml when punctured with a GU insulin syringe during anoscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in accordance with test system instructions and determining interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor (FNO-) and interleukin 8 (IL-8). Results. According to the results obtained (severity of pain syndrome and amount of anesthetics, absence of complications), patients were conditionally divided into three groups with mild reaction to surgery 44 (20.5 %), moderate 100 (46.5 %) and severe 70 (32.5 %). In the group with mild reaction, the level of the analyzed indices was almost consistent with the norm; in group II, there was an elevation of two of them; in group III, the level of at least three tests was higher than the norm.

Conclusions. More favorably, the postoperative period proceeds against the background of initially unexpressed local inflammation. The proposed additional examination method, which allows identifying subclinical local inflammation and assessing its severity, should help to optimize the selection and, as a result, increase the efficiency and safety of surgical treatment of hemorrhoids on an outpatient basis.
Toward Homogeneous Estimation of Long-Term Seismicity from Historical Materials: Number of Felt Earthquakes in Tokyo since 1668
Authors: Satake Kenji , Ishibe Takeo
Published: June 2020

Long-term seismicity in a certain region can be estimated from the number of felt earthquakes obtained from seismic intensity measurements or historical documents. To obtain a homogeneous estimate, continuous records with a uniform detection threshold are required. Seismic intensity data in Tokyo, which are measured by professional observers and archived by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) since 1885, indicate that the mean annual number of felt earthquakes with intensities ≥1 and ≥2 on the JMA scale is 45 and 14, respectively. The database of felt earthquakes can be extended back to more than 200 yr using historical daily records. During the Edo period from 1603 to 1867, numerous historical documents in Edo (former Tokyo) recorded information about damaging earthquakes, such as the 1703 Kanto earthquake and the 1855 Edo earthquake. Several feudal clans documented daily weather and felt earthquakes in Edo. Among them, daily records documented by the Tsugaru and Sakakibara clans cover a period of ∼200  yr. Although these records do not cover the entire period and weather reports for several years are missing, the Tsugaru and Sakakibara clans documented ∼1600 and ∼700 earthquakes, respectively. Using these data, we determined that a total of ∼2000 felt earthquakes occurred between 1668 and 1867, thereby yielding a mean rate of ∼10 earthquakes per year. When we exclude the missing period of daily records, the average rate increased to 11 per year, which is similar to the annual number of earthquakes with seismic intensities ≥2 in the modern JMA record. These data of felt earthquakes in Tokyo are considered to be more homogeneous than the previous estimates, although the total number is smaller, and can be used to study the long-term seismicity rate change.
La Universidad Libre y la salud ocupacional
Authors: Osorio Liliana Parra
Published: June 2020

La Universidad Libre sabe, y no ignora, que las actividades económicas, cualesquiera ellas sean, representan riesgos para la salud y el medio ambiente; los cuales se manifiestan por la presencia de: 1) agentes químicos, físicos y biológicos; 2) factores ergonómicos y psicosociales perjudiciales, y 3) condiciones laborales inseguras. Por ello, su compromiso con el desarrollo de posgrados pertinentes que formen recursos humanos capaces de atender la demanda originada por estos riesgos: las especializaciones de “Salud Ocupacional” ofrecidas por las Seccionales Cali y Barranquilla, así como la especialización de “Salud Ocupacional, Gerencia y Control de Riesgos” ofrecida por la Seccional Pereira.
ESTUDIO DE UTILIZACIÓN DE ANTIBIÓTICOS Y ADHERENCIA A LAS GUIAS EN EL SERVICIO DE CONSULTA EXTERNA DE UNA IPS INDÍGENA DE VALLEDUPAR (COLOMBIA)
Authors: Clavijo Meza Luz Shirley , Sarmiento Villa Guillermo , Álvarez Abuabara Francisco , Camacho Romero Oscar
Published: June 2020

Introducción: La deficiencia en la adherencia a las guías médicas es un factor que se viene observando desde la aparición de las mismas, lo que ha generado un uso inadecuado de medicamentos, la creación de resistencias y la inefectividad de tratamientos. Objetivo: El presente estudio buscó determinar el cumplimiento de las guías de manejo de las principales patologías infecciosas y el consumo de antibióticos en el servicio de consulta externa en la Institución Prestadora de Salud. Metodología: Para determinar el cumplimiento a las Guías de Manejo, se revisaron historias clínicas de antibióticos proporcionados por farmacia para patologías, conformado por 740 datos de pacientes que asistieron por las 6 principales patologías infecciosas que además tuvieran guía de manejo médico en consulta externa de una Clínica de III nivel de complejidad de la Guajira. Resultados: Las principales enfermedades que se identificaron fueron las infecciones de vías urinarias (IVU) con 40%, seguida por la vaginitis (27%), vaginosis (17%), faringo-amigdalitis aguda (FAA) con 9%, infección respiratoria aguda (neumonía y bronconeumonía y bronquitis) con 5% la otitis media aguda con 3%. Los antibióticos más utilizados para las diversas patologías fueron los nitroimidazoles (28,42%), betalactamicos (19,20%), cefalosporinas (14,06%), entre otros. Conclusiones: Lo anterior, podría generar una inefectividad y resistencias en tratamientos, lo cual se ve reflejado en el aumento de la morbimortalidad de pacientes tratados con patologías infecciosas, además, las guías de manejo médico deben ser actualizadas con los criterios recomendados por el Ministerio de Protección Social.
EFECTOS DE UN PROGRAMA ESTRUCTURADO DE ENTRENAMIENTO FUNCIONAL SOBRE LA CONDICIÓN FÍSICA SALUDABLE DE ADULTOS JÓVENES DE BARRANQUILLA (COLOMBIA)
Authors: Gil Jorge , Rodríguez-Delgado Adel , Hernández Marina , Hernández Luciana , Sepúlveda Eder , Rebolledo-Cobos Roberto
Published: June 2020

Introducción: la programación estructurada del entrenamiento físico contribuye a reducir las probabilidades de padecer enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, de igual manera aumenta la calidad de la salud de las personas, especialmente en los sistemas, cardiovascular, respiratoria, neuromuscular y musculoesquelético. Esto facilita la optimización de la condición física saludable, aspecto que favorece en el individuo el desarrollo de las actividades diarias con máxima funcionalidad, eficiencia y eficacia. Objetivo: Verificar los efectos de un programa estructurado de entrenamiento funcional sobre la resistencia muscular en adultos jóvenes. Materiales y Métodos: Tipo de estudio cuasi experimental, con evaluación pre intervención y post intervención en un grupo experimental. En 15 adultos jóvenes que asisten a un gimnasio de la ciudad de Barranquilla se aplicaron las pruebas: resistencia muscular del tren superior sin límite de tiempo, resistencia muscular del abdomen en 1 min, resistencia muscular de miembros inferiores y flexibilidad, la intervención se realizó con un programa estructurado de entrenamiento funcional comparando pre test y post test. Resultados: post intervención se presentaron cambios significativos comparando los resultados del pre test con los del post test, en resistencia muscular de miembros superiores (media: 33,29 vs 45,57) P: 0,04, flexibilidad (media: 13,57 vs 3,86)  P: 0,05. Conclusiones: Se puede constatar que las capacidades de resistencia muscular y flexibilidad se pueden adaptar de manera positiva a través de una intervención con un programa estructurado de entrenamiento funcional, por 8 semanas, con una frecuencia de tres veces por semana por 45 minutos/día.
Quantitative and Morphological Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Initiation from Leaves and Roots Explants of Artemisia annua L.
Authors: Iffat Wajeeha , Hussain Sohail
Published: June 2020

To study the effect of some plant growth regulators on the in vitro initiation of callus using the leaves and roots explants of Artemisia annua. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 2 replicates. Morphologically leaf explants culture in media having the composition MS Basal + NAA (2.0mg/l) + BA(1.0 mg/l) shows best results as compared to all other media. However in roots shows no growth in all the media composition. On the other hand media having a composition (MS Basal + 2,4-D(1.0mg/l) + Kn (0.1mg/l)) with growth hormone antagonist shows no callus formation neither in leaf or roots. Our studies are also supported by the HPLC results about the artemisinin content in leaf in media having the composition MS Basal + NAA (2.0mg/l) + BA(1.0 mg/l) is 0.052% and least in media a composition (MS Basal + 2,4-D(1.0mg/l) + Kn (0.1mg/l)) have only 0.012%. On the other hand, we didn’t found any artemisinin content in the root explants in all the media. Our present study suggest that Benzyl adenine (BA) could be used as a promising growth hormone in tissue culture.
The Unintentional Gerrymandering of America
Authors: Sharp Hannah
Published: June 2020

Thanks to the foresight of our Founding Fathers we are required by law to redraw legislative boundaries every
ten years, after the decennial census. These boundaries create districts at both the state and federal
legislative level, and there are many guidelines which govern how districts can be drawn in order to provide
for fair competition and accurate representation. Population distribution is key to how electoral districts
are drawn at all levels. In recent decades, increasing concentrated populations of Democrats in urban areas
and decreasing population in rural, more Republican areas has made it harder to draw competitive districts at
the congressional level. There is evidence to support that this geographic polarization is being driven by
citizens themselves, making choices of where to live based upon their lifestyle and ideology. This concept of
self-sorting has been termed “unintentional gerrymandering” (Chen and Rodden 2013). This trend of “self-sorting”
has been caused by many factors, all of them stemming from a larger movement of generational change.
Intentional gerrymandering, that which is done by powerful incumbent legislators, is a known problem in
political science. Unintentional gerrymandering, the way that geographic population shifts are affecting
legislative and congressional districts in the same way, is a much less developed and affirmed concept. My
research question addresses two areas that are missing from the current discussion of political geography and
redistricting. The first asks how geographic population distribution (rural vs. urban) affects the amount of
wasted votes in an election cycle, specifically looking at Congressional elections. The second is to test
whether the efficiency gap is an effective formula to measure how wasted vii votes are affected by population
shifts within congressional districts between redistricting cycles.

To do this I examine a sample of urban and rural congressional districts to compare the number of wasted votes
from the 2012 election cycle (which took place after 2010 redistricting was in effect) to the 2018 election
cycle (which is the last available election data before 2020 redistricting will begin).

I find that the number of wasted votes in rural districts in 2012 is significant and decreases slightly when
looking at the 2018 election results. The effect was smaller and not statistically significant in urban districts
when using the 2012 data, but the results in 2018 were much more significant. Supportive of the concept of
unintentional gerrymandering, the population shifts from 2012 to 2018 resulted in more wasted votes in the
districts which I measured.
Associated Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Pakistan: Assessment of Path Analyses Using Warp Partial Least Squares Estimation
Authors: Sajid Mirza Rizwan , Muhammad Noryanti , Zakaria Roslinazairimah , Shahbaz Ahmad , Nauman Ahmad
Published: June 2020

Demographic and socio-economic (SE) factors are associated with modifiable, clinical factors and cardiovascular disease (CVDs). However, the inclusion of mediators in these relationships creates complex pathways which extend the roles of factors within the model. The traditional hierarchal logistic regression (HLR) is unable to estimate the transmittal effects of factors through different layers of factors of CVDs. The study aims to simultaneously estimate and validate the probable linear and non-linear relationships among factors of CVDs considering potential mediators. Four hundred sixty participants (312 males and 148 females) were selected through systematic sampling in this sex-matched case control (1:1 ratio) study conducted in the largest Cardiac Center of Pakistan. The information on demographic, SE, modifiable and clinical factors of CVDs was recorded. Warp partial least squares (PLS) based on warp 3 algorithm was used to estimate the simultaneous linear and non-linear path coefficients of the proposed model of study. The study found that demographic and SE factors played a significant role in shaping the modifiable factors which further transmit their impact to CVDs. However, this transmitted impact of modifiable factors on CVDs was mediated through metabolic syndrome abnormalities (MSA) except self-reported subjective stress (SSS). Sleep satisfaction and negative dietary habits were the mediators between the relationship of SSS and MSA. Physical activity is the strongest factor associated with CVDs status. The proposed path analyses, verifying the mediation role of MSA in the pathways of relationships which would help in identifying the risky group of population and guide in formulating the health promotion policies for the reduction of CVDs burden. Further, Warp 3 algorithm is the better option to estimate complex models containing linear and non-linear relationship in the same model.
Naturalism and political science adaptation to the non-classical world picture
Authors: Alekseeva Tatiana A.
Published: June 2020

One of the greatest achievements of the humanity is obviously the recognition of the systematic unity of the natural and social knowledge. However, this recognition was not constant. The forming development and history of political sciences reflected it rather evidently, tending to go from one extreme to another - from identifying its methods with natural, to pretending for its uniqueness, or even universality. All these questions got a special importance in the perspective of the new non-classical world picture, but the adaptation of political sciences to a new type of thinking meets considerable difficulties. The analysis of the most significant approaches towards the political and international processes demonstrate, that the acceptance of the new postulates od none-classical and post-none-classical pictures of the world is quite complicated. Simultaneously with the preservation of the pure mechanistic, approach some of the elements of the new world pictures were taken from quantum physics, biology, as well as the chance factor and the rejection of the casual relationships. Nevertheless, it is better to speak not about the translation of the methods and approaches from natural sciences to political, but about the attempts to build “weak” theories or analogues (for instance, quantum-like theories). Nevertheless, generally speaking, political as well as other social sciences tend to be developing accepting the zeitgeist. The adaption of political sciences to the new world pictures is inevitable,, but would be limited by definition. Even with the backgrounds of the unity of knowledge as such, its methods and instruments are quite different and even during the process of adaption change so significantly and are so greatly reduced, that they preserve only names and imitation of the other sciences’ methodology. Anyway, we should follow the parallelcourse.
The concept of «love» in the language consciousness of a Junior school student
Authors: Lemyaskina Natalia A.
Published: June 2020

One of the aspects of studying and describing the language personality of a Junior school student, and in dynamics from grade 1 to 4, is the cognitive aspect, which includes the study of the language consciousness of a child of this age, including cultural concepts relevant to the child's language picture of the world («conscience», «soul», «happiness», etc.). The article considers the emotional concept of «love», which is among the basic values of the Russian people, affecting the formation of the meaning of human life. The paper offers a brief lexicographic analysis of the word «love» (data from the philosophical, psychological, and explanatory dictionaries). The following is a description of the results of an experiment conducted among students of grades 2-4 of educational organizations in the city of Voronezh. The analysis of the received materials allows us to distinguish the following components of the concept: 1) a sense of self-sacrificing, heartfelt attachment; 2) the person who inspires this feeling; 3) inclination, addiction to something; 4) moral qualities. Based on the data of a directed associative experiment, the image and value component of the concept "love" in the language consciousness of a younger schoolboy are determined, and the age specificity of this concept is revealed. In addition, as part of the research, children were asked to Express their opinions about love in a free form. The article presents the responses of children, which clearly reflect the collective language consciousness.
Tecnologías disruptivas como alternativa a la obtención de órganos y tejidos artificiales
Authors: Márquez Díaz Jairo Eduardo
Published: June 2020

El artículo tiene como objetivo exponer el panorama acerca de las tecnologías disruptivas relacionadas con la medicina regenerativa, que plantean una solución a la obtención de órganos y tejidos artificiales que, en la actualidad con los métodos existentes como los trasplantes y xenotrasplantes, han demostrado ser poco efectivos para solventar una problemática de salud pública mundial. En este sentido, se abordan tecnologías como: ingeniería de tejidos, ingeniería genética, nanomedicina y nanotecnología, que buscan sustituir o mejorar los métodos actuales. Estas tecnologías disruptivas plantean aspectos bioéticos que deben ser vistos desde otra perspectiva, donde la manipulación de la materia a escala atómica y molecular abren un sinnúmero de posibilidades en pro mejorar la calidad de vida del hombre, e incluso prolongar la misma, por lo que se adopta el concepto de nanobioética, que toma los principios de la bioética contemporánea, proyectándolos a escalas nanométricas, buscando analizar las implicaciones positivas y negativas  de la vida en estas dimensiones. En conclusión, se espera que el paciente tenga opciones a la hora de requerir un órgano o tejido en un futuro no muy lejano, donde las tecnologías disruptivas están allanando el camino para ello.
Valores y principios bioéticos que identifican las comunidades en los servicios ecosistémicos que prestan los ríos y quebradas
Authors: Liévano-León Arturo , Cadena-Monroy Luis Álvaro
Published: June 2020

Este artículo tiene como propósito analizar los valores y principios bioéticos que identifican las comunidades sobre los servicios ecosistémicos que prestan los ríos y quebradas en los municipios de la cuenca del Río Apulo, en el Departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia. En este artículo se trabaja alrededor de la idea de la coexistencia armoniosa de los seres humanos y los ríos, como fundamento para lograr un uso sostenible de los servicios que nos prestan estos ecosistemas. Metodológicamente el proyecto consta de dos partes: en la primera se trabajó desde el paradigma positivista de la investigación, a través de metodologías cuantitativas de campo y de laboratorio, en la segunda parte se trabajó desde el paradigma interpretativo de la investigación a través de talleres de cartografía social. Por el análisis de los datos cuantitativos, se encontró de que las aguas de los ríos de la cuenca estaban contaminadas en todas las estaciones de muestreo, entre otras, con materia fecal. La identificación de los valores de los servicios ecosistémicos que prestan estos ríos y quebradas mostraron una fuerte influencia de la concepción productivista, localista y antropocéntrica. Debido a que la contaminación afecta al ambiente, tanto presente como futuro, es necesario acudir a los principios de precaución, de responsabilidad y de justicia.
Functional Outcome of Burk Schaffer's Approach for PCL Tibial Avulsion Fracture Fixed with Cancellous Screw
Authors: Joshi Satyen , Challawar Nikhil , Agrawal Nitish , Bhalerao Bhalchandra Prabhakar , Kulkarni Ameya , Rathod Yogesh
Published: June 2020

Background: Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) is the main posterior stabilizer of the knee. Injuries of the PCL are rare. Isolated PCL disruption most commonly occurs as avulsion at its tibial insertion as compared with its femoral origin or as a mid-substance tear. In PCL bony avulsion, fixation of the avulsed fragment with cancellous screw is a recommended procedure. Objective: To evaluate efficacy of Burk Schaffer's approach in treatment of PCL tibial avulsion fracture with cancellous screw and evaluation of functional results according to Tegner Lysholm score. Material and Methods: We included 30 patients (Male 26 and Female 4) operated for isolated PCL avulsion from tibia during the period from 2015 to 2017. Patients were evaluated clinically by posterior drawer test, radiologically by X-ray and using functional scale of Tegner-Lysholm. MRI was advised for suspected other ligaments and meniscal injuries. All cases were operated with 4mm cannulated screw fixation by Burk and Schaffer approach. Results: Mean Tegner Lysholm score of 30 patients was 95.37 after 6 months of surgery, which was excellent. After 3 months 75% has grade 0 posterior drawer test, 12.5% has grade 1 and 12.5% has grade 2 laxity. Conclusion: Approach by Burk and Schaffer is safer and easier than the classical one. Open reduction and fixation with cannulated screw for tibial avulsion of PCL gives good functional outcome.
Role of Computerized Tomographic Findings in Cases of Focal Hepatic Lesions
Authors: Gadgil Sharad B. , Prasla Shopnil , Baviskar Sumit , Garse Parag
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Focal Hepatic Lesions (FHL) has been a common reason for consultation faced by medical consultants. With the widespread use of imaging studies led to an increase in detection of incidental focal liver lesions. It is important to consider both malignant liver lesions as well as benign solid and cystic liver lesions such as hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular adenoma, and hepatic cysts, in the differential diagnosis. Objectives: Our aim was to study the computerized tomographic finding in the various focal hepatic lesions and also to study the various enhancement pattern of the focal hepatic lesion. Materials and Methods: CT scan study of abdomen and pelvis was done on 100 patients from August 2015 to December 2017 over a period of the 2 years. Patients, irrespective of age and sex referred to radiology department of our institute on IPD or OPD basis were included in the study. All patients will be subjected to computerized tomography of the abdomen with CT (Siemens Somatom Emotion 6) machine and Somatom Essenza. Results: Total 100 patients were studied for various focal hepatic lesions out of which 64(64%) were male patients and 36(36%) were female patients. The most common affected age group encountered in our study was 51-60 years. Various focal hepatic lesions were reported in which 64(64%) patient had malignant nature of lesion with most common pathology detected was hepatic metastasis seen in 37(37%) patient. On other hand benign lesion were evident in the 36(36%) patient with hemangioma as most common pathology in this category. Conclusion: Multi-detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) with a correlation of triple phase study is an excellent tool for diagnosis of the focal liver lesion by learning the degree and pattern of enhancement in all three phase thus helping in better characterization of the lesion. MDCT allows the reconstruction and reformation of images supported in detecting multiple lesions and early diagnosis of a focal lesion in the presence diffuse liver condition.
Comparison between Functional Outcome of 95° Dynamic Condylar Screw versus Proximal Femoral Nail in Treatment of Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture
Authors: Fuse Akshay Bhimrao , Joshi Satyen , Bhardwaj Shantanu , Apte Aditya , Maniar Adit
Published: June 2020

Objective: Study was done to compare results between the Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN) and 95° Dynamic Condylar Screw (DCS) in Subtrochanteric femur fracture. Hypothesis was made that outcome of PFN technique is comparable to 95° DCS. Materials and Methods: 60 patients were taken in study out of which PFN technique performed on 30 patients and on remaining 30 patients 95° DCS technique was used in a tertiary care Centre. Both technique were compared on basis of time of injury to surgery, operation time, blood loss, hospital stay, blood transfusion, implant related complication, healing time, Harris Hip score and union time. Results: There was remarkable difference in Harris Hip score, fracture union, mean operative time, blood loss, wound healing. Complications such as pressure sore, pulmonary embolism etc. were found to be higher in 95° DCS group as compared to PFN group. Conclusion: PFN is found to better internal fixation device in treatment of subtrochanteric femur fracture.
Comparative Study of I-GEL and Endotracheal Tube in Elective Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgeries under General Anesthesia
Authors: Dhawan Sushant , Sankalecha Sunita
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Laparoscopic procedures have become the need of the hour. Pneumoperitoneum and positional variations in laparoscopy causes alterations in hemodynamic and ventilatory parameters, which results in making the task of anesthesiologist more challenging. Endotracheal tube (ETT) has been the gold standard for induction of general anesthesia but the newer supraglottic airway devices (SADs) (LMA, I-Gel) has increased the armamentarium of anesthesiologists. Our main aim was to compare I-Gel and endotracheal Tube and to consider I-Gel as safe and effective alternative to endotracheal tube for general anesthesia in elective laparoscopic surgeries. Materials and Methods: It was a comparative prospective randomized study conducted on 128 patients (ASA I/II) after consent from institutional ethical committee. Patients were divided in two groups 64 each. Group A induced with I-Gel without muscle relaxant and Group B with endotracheal tube after laryngoscopy and muscle relaxant. Alterations in pulse rate, blood pressure were noted down and ease and time of insertion were compared. Results: The ease of insertion and the attempts of insertion were comparable but the time of insertion was less with I-Gel with results being statistically significant. The rise in hemodynamic parameters from baseline was more in endotracheal tube intubated patients and so was the incidence of postoperative complications. Conclusion: We concluded that I-Gel requires less time for insertion with minimal hemodynamic changes in comparison to endotracheal tube. I-Gel also provided adequate positive-pressure ventilation, comparable with endotracheal tube. Thus I-Gel can be considered safe and suitable alternative to endotracheal tube for laparoscopic surgeries.
Comparison of Haemodynamic Parameters and Recovery Profiles of Desflurane Versus Sevoflurane in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Lokhande Sagar , Koshire Alka
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Inhaled anaesthetics are the most widely used drugs for maintenance of general anaesthesia because of their ease of administration and predictable intraoperative and recovery characteristics. Newer inhalational agents such as Desflurane provide several advantages over the older inhalational agents. Desflurane has a very low blood-gas partition coefficient [about 30% less than Sevoflurane] and low oil-gas partition coefficient [about 64% less than Sevoflurane]. Objectives: Our main aim to conduct this study was to compare the hemodynamic parameters and recovery profiles after Desflurane vs. Sevoflurane anaesthesia in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Materials and Methods: It was a comparative prospective randomized study conducted after consent from institutional ethical committee. Study included 80 ASA I-II patients aged between 20-60 years, of either sex scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 40 patients each. Group ‘D' received Desflurane as anesthetic agent and Group ‘S' received Sevoflurane as anesthetic agent for maintenance of anesthesia. Hemodynamic parameters were observed perioperatively. Recovery profiles of patients were noted after giving reversal. Results were calculated using statistical tests. Results: Time required for eye opening, extubation, verbal response and to attain an Modified Aldrete score of â‰¥9 was significantly shorter in Group D as compared to Group S. Hemodynamic parameters [pulse, BP, SpO2] were comparable in both groups. Conclusion: Desflurane administration in patients undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy was associated with stable peri-operative hemodynamic parameters, faster early recovery and not significantly higher side effects.
Estimation of Level of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase in Pre-eclampsia Patients and its Association with Maternal and Fetal Outcome
Authors: Dasarwar Madhavi Anant , Patil Ajit Subhash
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome recognised as a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality. Etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia is defective placentation and endothelial dysfunction leading to oxidative stress and cellular lysis. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) is an intracellular enzyme of glycolysis. Hypoxia and cellular lysis results in elevated levels of LDH. Early detection and management are important in prevention of Preeclampsia complications and deaths. Hence, the present study was conducted to estimate levels of Sr. LDH in Pre-eclampsia patients to find its association with maternal and fetal outcome was undertaken. Materials and Methods: Present prospective study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from August 2016 to December 2018 consisting of 84 cases of preeclampsia of â‰¥28 weeks gestation divided in 2 groups; Mild and Severe Preeclampsia. Sr. LDH was estimated in all study participants and its association with parameters of maternal and fetal outcome was observed. Results: In the present study, 46 patients had Mild Preeclampsia. and 38 had Severe Preeclampsia. Most cases of Mild preeclampsia. i.e., 78.3% had LDH <600 IU/L whereas 71.1% of Severe Preeclampsia. had LDH >600 IU/L. Complications like eclampsia in 66.7%, HELLP in 33.3%, Abruptio placenta in 55.6%, ARF and DIC in 33.3% cases were noted more in patients with LDH >800 IU/L. Fetal still birth in 55.6%, Lower APGAR score and more NICU admission and Early neonatal death was present in babies of preeclampsia mother with LDH >800 IU/L. There was found statistically significant association (p<0.001) of raised Sr. LDH levels with poor maternal and fetal outcome in preeclampsia patients. Conclusion: Elevated levels of Sr. LDH during hypoxia, indicate the cellular damage and dysfunction occurring in preeclampsia. Detection of patients with increased levels of LDH is of crucial importance to detect and promptly manage the complicated cases and decrease the morbidity and mortality in mother and fetus.
Electrodiagnostic Case Study of Diabetic Amyotrophy: Variant of Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Muley Pranjali Parikshit , Muley Parikshit Ashok , Barde Pradip Bhanudas
Published: June 2020

The neuropathies are very common in diabetes and one of the most important presentations is proximal neuropathy which is called as diabetic amyotrophy. Diabetic amyotrophy is a condition presented as a proximal motor neuropathy which is asymmetric and with weakening of the proximal muscles supplied by the femoral and obturator nerves and sometimes there may be distal polyneuropathy. The diabetic amyotrophy includes various elements of lumbosacral plexus and electrodiagnostic study often gives the diagnosis of neurogenic lesion affecting at the level of root called as lumbosacral radiculopathy, or involving plexus as plexopathy, or proximal neuropathy. Thus, the disorder is called lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy. This article is a case study related with neurophysiological findings of diabetic amyotrophy which shows asymmetric proximal motor neuropathy.
Comparative Efficacy of Three Low - dose Isotretinoin Regimens in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Acne Vulgaris on the Face in Tertiary Care Institute
Authors: Shah Maitri Amitkumar , Gugle Anil Shankar
Published: June 2020

Background: Acne is a disease that affects almost 100% of the population. The clinical presentation ranges from comedones, papules, pustules and nodules. Various systemic treatment modalities like oral antibiotics, retinoids, hormonal therapy and corticosteroids, are available with varied benefits and side effects. Aims: To study and compare the efficacy and safety profile of three low dose isotretinoin regimens in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Methods: 75 patients having mild to moderate acne vulgaris were randomized into three different low dose isotretinoin regimens. Each was consisting of 25 patients. Group A was prescribed 5 mg, Group B 10 mg and Group C 20 mg isotretinoin for 4 months. Clinical improvement and side effects were recorded. Results: All regimens showed clinical improvement in 4 months of therapy. Isotretinoin 20 mg was found to be superior in later half of therapy. But isotretinoin 10 mg and 20 mg both were statistically equally efficacious in mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Side effects were higher in Group C as compared to Group A and B. Conclusion: We conclude that all three low dose regimens were efficacious in mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Isotretinoin 10 mg was found to be an effective and safe treatment option in such cases.
Development and Implementation of Public Awareness Campaigns around Breast Cancer in the UAE: A Ras Al Khaimah Case Study
Authors: Abu Awwad Dania , Z. Hossain Syeda , G. Mackey Martin , C. Brennan Patrick
Published: June 2020

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and is the country’s most common cancer in females. Currently, participation of UAE-based women in breast cancer screenings remains low, with women diagnosed at advanced stages, negatively impacting disease prognosis and survival rates. Early detection would enable more treatment options, improve the conditions of survivorship, and reduce the number of premature deaths. Health awareness campaigns and screening services need to address the barriers that are preventing women in the UAE from having early screenings and apply targeted methods of encouraging the participation of both Emirati and non-Emirati women. This policy paper explores women’s use of breast cancer screening practices and other women’s health services in the UAE, as well as the emirate’s ecosystem of awareness building and support impacting their behaviors. This includes the current encouragement and outreach strategies and campaigns being utilized, the knowledge levels of health professionals on breast screening practices, and how organizations and institutions provide patient education. Using the perspectives of women, nurses, and representatives from health organizations, the policy paper concludes with recommendations for effective breast cancer public campaigns and improved breast screening participation.
Burden of Clostridium Clostridioides difficile Infection among Patients in Western Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: MALEKZADEGAN Yalda , HALAJI Mehrdad , HASANNEJAD-BIBALAN Meysam , JALALIFAR Saba , EBRAHIM-SARAIE Hadi Sedigh
Published: June 2020

Background: Clostridium difficile is the most common causes of hospital-acquired diarrhea affecting particularly hospitalized patients globally. This organism has re-emerged in recent years with significant morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to estimate the burden of C. difficile infection (CDI) and to acquire information on the overall rates of community- and hospital-acquired CDI in western Asia. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to identify articles published from the eight Persian Gulf countries in western Asia including Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates in the electronic databases within Jan of 2000 to Dec of 2017. Then, 20 publications which met our inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and analysis by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. Results: Twenty studies reported the prevalence of toxigenic strains of C. difficile among patients from Persian Gulf countries, of these the pooled prevalence of CDI was 9% (95% CI: 6.5%-12.5%). Totally, 8 studies showed the prevalence of hospital-acquired CDI, from those studies the prevalence of CDI was estimated 8.4% (95% CI: 4.9%-14.1%). Moreover, 7 studies reported the prevalence of community-acquired CDI, from those studies the prevalence of CDI was estimated 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of CDI in western Asia is lower than southern and eastern region. Moreover, the lower prevalence of community-acquired CDI compared to hospital-acquired CDI, indicate that the source of infection in western Asia is more likely in the hospitals.