bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adapting family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa delivered in the home: A novel approach for improving access to care and generalizability of skill acquisition
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Tortolani Christina C. , Accurso Erin C. , Dunbar Eva-Molly Petitto , Egbert Amy H. , Donaldson Deidre , Donaldson Abigail A.
Published: August 2023

Background

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Family-based treatment (FBT) is a well-established treatment for adolescent AN, yet it is underutilized in community settings and is unavailable to many families, particularly those from lower income and racial and ethnic minority backgrounds. Furthermore, some families do not respond optimally to FBT, possibly because of challenges translating skills acquired in office-based treatment settings to naturalistic settings. Home-based treatment could reduce barriers to access and enhance generalization of newly learned treatment skills. Home-based models demonstrate initial feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy for adolescent AN, however, FBT principles have yet to be applied as a stand-alone intervention in a home-based level of care. This paper describes the rationale for and process of adapting FBT principles/interventions to improve fit within a home-based model delivered in the context of community mental health, and discusses potential strengths and opportunities associated with this approach.

Results

Adaptations were made through consultation with collaborating community agencies and were guided by the complex interventions framework. The primary modifications included: (1) altered dose; (2) multiple family meals; (3) additional support for meal preparation and supervision; (4) clinician attendance at medical appointments; (5) cultural adaptation; and (6) introduction of distress tolerance and emotion regulation skills.

Conclusions

Implementing FBT in the home may present one promising and novel approach to enhance engagement and treatment outcomes for adolescents with restrictive eating disorders, particularly those who are underserved, but evaluation of efficacy/effectiveness is needed.
Caregiver and Juvenile Justice Personnel Perspectives on challenges and importance of caregiver engagement and the potential utility of a peer navigator program in the Juvenile Justice System
Authors: Dir Allyson L. , Pederson Casey , Khazvand Shirin , Schwartz Katie , Wiehe Sarah E. , Aalsma Matthew C.
Published: August 2023

Background

For youth involved in the juvenile justice (JJ) system, caregiver involvement and engagement in the system is crucial for youth development and outcomes of JJ cases; however, there are challenges to establishing positive/productive partnerships between caregivers and JJ representatives. The current project examines perspectives of caregivers and JJ personnel regarding facilitators and barriers to establishing JJ-caregiver partnerships, as well as their perceptions of the use of a caregiver navigator program to support caregivers of system-involved youth. Results are used to inform development of a caregiver navigator program to support caregivers and help them navigate the JJ system.

Results

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with caregivers of youth involved in JJ (n = 15, 53% White, 93% female), JJ personnel (n = 7, 100% White, 50% female), and JJ family advisory board members (n = 5, 100% Black, 100% female). Caregivers reported varying experiences across intake/arrest, court, and probation processes. Positive experiences were characterized by effective communication and feeling supported by JJ. Negative experiences related to feeling blamed and punished for their child’s system involvement and feeling unsupported. JJ interviews corroborated caregiver sentiments and also illustrated facilitators and barriers to JJ-caregiver partnerships. Both JJ personnel and caregivers endorsed potential benefits of a peer-based caregiver navigator program to provide social, informational, and emotional support.

Conclusion

Continued work is needed to improve JJ-caregiver partnerships and use of a peer-based navigator program has the potential to address barriers to caregiver engagement in the JJ system.
Preservation conditions and potential evaluation of the Longmaxi shale gas reservoir in the Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin
Authors: Xie Weidong , Chen Si , Gan Huajun , Wang Hua , Wang Meng , Vandeginste Veerle
Published: August 2023

The production of shale gas varies greatly in different regions due to the way gas has accumulated and preserved. This work investigates the dynamic evolution of shale gas generation, accumulation, adjustment, and loss from the Longmaxi formation (S1l) in the Changning area, southern Sichuan Basin, China. The factors controlling the preservation conditions and formation mechanism of the overpressure shale gas reservoir are also studied. The results show that shale gas generation reached its peak during the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Furthermore, the gas occurs mainly in organic matter pores of nanometer size, clay mineral pores of nano- to micro-meter size, and microfractures of micrometer size. Then, in the Early Cretaceous, the reservoir was damaged due to uplift of the crust. Additionally, the evaluation scheme of the shale gas reservoirs is established according to the organic geochemical parameters, mineralogical composition, sealing capacity, thickness, burial depth, faults, pressure coefficient, and gas content, etc. Hence, the shale gas reservoirs may be divided into four grades, with Class I being the grade with best gas preservation and Non-economic grade with the worst gas preservation. The annular region in the Jianwu–Luochang synclines and the northeast limb of the Changning anticline have optimum preservation conditions, with a grade of Class I. The preservation conditions gradually deteriorate towards the two limbs, with Class II, Class III, and Non-economic area grades. The good preservation conditions correspond to a high pressure coefficient, and the pressure of the reservoir is mainly caused by hydrocarbon generation pressurization of organic matter (mainly the stage of oil cracking gas and dry gas), tectonic uplift pressurization, and to a minor extent, transformation dehydration pressurization of clay minerals. Furthermore, overpressure preservation is controlled by microporous overpressure, source rock–caprock vertical sealing ability, the spatial distribution of S1l, and development characteristics of faults. Results from this investigation provide specific guidance for shale gas exploitation in the study area, and provide a reference for the evaluation of preservation conditions in shale gas reservoirs and formation mechanism of overpressure gas reservoirs.
Screening and management of dyslipidemia in oncologic patients undergoing cardiotoxic therapies: results from an Italian survey
Authors: Camilli Massimiliano , Bisceglia Irma , Canale Maria Laura , Turazza Fabio Maria , De Luca Leonardo , Gabrielli Domenico , Gulizia Michele Massimo , Oliva Fabrizio , Colivicchi Furio
Published: August 2023

Background

Baseline cardiovascular risk factors correction is recommended in all cancer patients undergoing potentially cardiotoxic therapies. Despite available guidelines, real-world data on dyslipidemia prevalence and management in the oncologic population are still sparse.

Methods

This survey was an Italian, investigator-initiated survey initially designed and drafted by the Cardio-Oncology section of the Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri (ANMCO), comprising 10 individual multi-choice questions and spread after validation through the ANMCO mailing list. The survey was sent to cardiologists working in cardio-oncology units and/or managing patients with cancer.

Results

Our survey included 139 Italian cardiologists. The majority of them routinely ask for the baseline lipidic profile of their patients, regardless of previous clinical history and planned treatment. According to our participants, the estimated prevalence of dyslipidemia in this population is between 20% and 60%. Although this high prevalence, our results highlight that there is poor harmony in terms of scores for CV risk prediction used in clinical practice to guide drug prescription and baseline therapy optimization. On the same line, coronary artery calcium score is poorly used in this setting. At the same time, more than 30% of interrogated physicians do not prescribe adequate statin doses, even though necessary, and have uncertainties on the use of other anti-dyslipidemic drugs in this population.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the necessity of strong evidences on dyslipidemia screening and management in the cancer population, as well as the need of knowledge diffusion from scientific societies to clinicians treating these patients.
Relationship between estimated and observed heparin sensitivity indices in cardiac and thoracic aortic surgery
Authors: Nakatani Hitomi , Ida Mitsuru , Kotani Taichi , Kawaguchi Masahiko
Published: August 2023

Background

Little evidence exists on the relationship between the estimated heparin sensitivity index (HSI) based on commonly available clinical and laboratory data and observed HSI in the adult population. This retrospective study assessed the relationship between the observed and estimated HSIs.

Methods

This study was conducted in an academic, single-institution setting. Patients aged ≥ 20 years who underwent cardiac and thoracic aortic surgery and requiring cardiopulmonary bypass were included. Clinical and laboratory data, including age, sex, and platelet count, were collected. The fibrinogen-albumin ratio index was calculated by dividing the fibrinogen value by the albumin value, multiplied by 10.The HSI was calculated using the formula: (activated clotting time after initial heparin administration—baseline activated clotting time)/initial heparin dose (IU/kg). The estimated HSI was based on the results of multiple regression analysis that included clinically relevant factors. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the observed and estimated HSIs was used to assess.

Results

In total, 560 patients with valid activated clotting time (ACT) values after initial heparin administration were included in the final analysis to explore associated factors using the estimated HSI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that hemodialysis, platelet count, fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio index, baseline activated clotting time, and initial heparin dose were significantly associated with the HSI. The mean (standard deviation) observed and estimated HSIs were 1.38 (0.43) and 1.55 (0.13), respectively, with an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.10.

Conclusions

The correlation between the observed and estimated HSIs was low, and a formula with high accuracy for estimating the HSI is needed.
Characterization of a new isolate of Beauveria bassiana in Algeria and evaluation of its pathogenicity against the cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch)
Authors: Akrich Amine , Righi Kada , Righi Fatiha Assia , Elouissi Abdelkader
Published: August 2023

Background

The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphidiidae) is a polyphagous aphid species that causes various damage on different crops. The conventional method of controlling this pest is the use synthetic insecticides that threaten both the environmental safety and human health. Moreover, it contributes to the emergence of insecticide-resistant generations. Hence, relying on Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) remains one of the most safe and effective alternative solutions to control insect pests. For the mentioned reasons, the EPF, Beauveria bassiana was isolated and characterized; besides, its efficiency against adults’ A. craccivora was evaluated both in the laboratory and in the greenhouse.

Results

A new isolate of B. bassiana was isolated from collected cadavers’ insects associated with the population of A. craccivora in a rural area in the Northwest of Algeria. This isolate was identified on the basis of its morphological and molecular characteristics and was referred to as B. bassiana BBAA. The enzymatic activities of this isolate revealed a high production of chitinase, protease and lipase, without any production of amylase. The use of different concentrations of B. bassiana BBAA conidia against A. craccivora led to a high mortality rate, ranging from 64 to 74% mortality on the seventh day post-treatment in vitro and 58 to 70% in greenhouse.

Conclusion

Virulence and enzymatic activities produced by B. bassiana BBAA demonstrated the necessity to exploit entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) in pest control.
Towards the universal defense for query-based audio adversarial attacks on speech recognition system
Authors: Guo Feng , Sun Zheng , Chen Yuxuan , Ju Lei
Published: August 2023

Recently, studies show that deep learning-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples (AEs), which add a small amount of noise to the original audio examples. These AE attacks pose new challenges to deep learning security and have raised significant concerns about deploying ASR systems and devices. The existing defense methods are either limited in application or only defend on results, but not on process. In this work, we propose a novel method to infer the adversary intent and discover audio adversarial examples based on the AEs generation process. The insight of this method is based on the observation: many existing audio AE attacks utilize query-based methods, which means the adversary must send continuous and similar queries to target ASR models during the audio AE generation process. Inspired by this observation, We propose a memory mechanism by adopting audio fingerprint technology to analyze the similarity of the current query with a certain length of memory query. Thus, we can identify when a sequence of queries appears to be suspectable to generate audio AEs. Through extensive evaluation on four state-of-the-art audio AE attacks, we demonstrate that on average our defense identify the adversary’s intent with over $$90\%$$

90
%

accuracy. With careful regard for robustness evaluations, we also analyze our proposed defense and its strength to withstand two adaptive attacks. Finally, our scheme is available out-of-the-box and directly compatible with any ensemble of ASR defense models to uncover audio AE attacks effectively without model retraining.
Fecal microbiota of the synanthropic golden jackal (Canis aureus)
Authors: Lapid Roi , Motro Yair , Craddock Hillary , Khalfin Boris , King Roni , Bar-Gal Gila Kahila , Moran-Gilad Jacob
Published: August 2023

The golden jackal (Canis aureus), is a medium canid carnivore widespread throughout the Mediterranean region and expanding into Europe. This species thrives near human settlements and is implicated in zoonoses such as rabies. This study explores for the first time, the golden jackal fecal microbiota. We analyzed 111 fecal samples of wild golden jackals using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing the connection of the microbiome to animal characteristics, burden of pathogens and geographic and climate characteristics. We further compared the fecal microbiota of the golden jackal to the black-backed jackal and domestic dog. We found that the golden jackal fecal microbiota is dominated by the phyla Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes. The golden jackal fecal microbiota was associated with different variables, including geographic region, age-class, exposure to rabies oral vaccine, fecal parasites and toxoplasmosis. A remarkable variation in the relative abundance of different taxa was also found associated with different variables, such as age-class. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis found abundance of specific taxons in each region, Megasphaera genus in group 1, Megamonas genus in group 2 and Bacteroides coprocola species in group 3. We also found a different composition between the fecal microbiota of the golden jackal, blacked-backed jackal and the domestic dog. Furthermore, LEfSe analysis found abundance of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides genera in the golden jackal, Clostridia class in blacked-backed jackal and Megamonas genus in domestic dog. The golden jackal fecal microbiota is influenced by multiple factors including host traits and pathogen burden. The characterization of the microbiota of this thriving species may aid in mapping its spread and proximity to human settlements. Moreover, understanding the jackal microbiota could inform the study of potential animal and human health risks and inform control measures.
For the love of meat: a conversation
Authors: Efstathiou Sophia , Martín Rebeca Ibáñez
Published: August 2023

In this conversation Sophia Efstathiou and Rebeca Ibáñez Martín discuss how a love for the animal you are going to eat, or gustar, offers an alternative to industrial animal husbandry. They discuss how changing relationships between humans and animals in intensive farming mediated by technologies of effacement break these attachments, ironically allowing for the animal to be replaced. Looking to ethnographic work and situated analyses of working with animals opens up possibilities for different ways of being with animals. Meat is performatively constituted, and it can be constituted differently and less violently.
A Philosophy of Stories Plants Tell
Authors: Marder Michael
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Plants are habitually viewed as mute living beings, existing without the possibility of self-expression. In this essay, I suggest that plants not only silently tell us something (indeed, a great deal) about themselves and the world, but also that they tell stories, rendering witness accounts about life and death, light and darkness, middles, beginnings, and ends. After correlating vegetal storytelling with the ancient muthos that survives the onslaught of logos , I concentrate on three levels of this storytelling: (1) the story of plant life; (2) stories of plant communities; and (3) stories of individual plants. Jointly, these three levels comprise the philosophy of stories plants tell.
Plants as Inventors: Interrogating Human Exceptionalism within Narratives of Law and Vegetal Life
Authors: Foster Laura A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Drawing upon decolonial feminist science studies and critical plant studies, this article posits plants as inventors to develop a vegetal feminist approach for understanding the human exceptionalism that is central to conventional narratives of patent law and vegetal life. This critical analysis of the Hoodia gordonii case examines the anthropocentric assumptions of patent law, interrogates colonial legacies that obscure notions of plants as sentient beings, and imagines new ways of understanding and acting responsively toward plants. The resulting thought experiment ultimately rejects the position that there is only one legitimate way to invent, create, and produce knowledge about the world.
Chatter of the stands of the cold Rolling tandem mill 2000 of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works
Authors:   Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Krasnov M.L. , Kachurin P.L. ,   Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Vishnyakov S.G. ,   Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Savchenko Yu.I. ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Vasilyev V.A. ,   SIGMA Scientific Research Center, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Ivanov A.I. ,   SIGMA Scientific Research Center, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Nitskiy A.Yu. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

One of the problems of cold rolling of thin strips is self-excited chatter vibrations, which lead to the appearance of various defects. High-frequency self-oscillations can lead to defects related to surface quality, low-frequency ones with high amplitude levels can lead to gusts of thin bands or even severe accidents of the rolling mill itself. As a rule, self–oscillations occur suddenly at high rolling speeds, more than 20 m / s and thin strips, the thickness is usually around 300-700 microns. For the normal operation of the rolling mill, it is necessary to use special systems for monitoring the vibration state and preventing the occurrence of self-oscillations. The control system for exceeding the critical vibration level generates signals from the automated control system of the mill to eliminate self-oscillations. The critical vibration level is determined by the spectral composition using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). When self-oscillations occur, lowfrequency components from 5 to 20 Hz prevail, frequencies in the range of the third octave from 100 to 200 Hz and frequencies of the fifth octave from 400 to 800 Hz. The cold rolling mill 2000 of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works combines a tandem five-cell mill and a continuous etching unit. There is no regular vibration monitoring system at the mill, warning and elimination of self-oscillations occurs in manual mode. With the use of research vibration equipment, experimental studies have been conducted on the possibility of using technological parameters to control and prevent the occurrence of self-oscillations. The moment of occurrence of self-oscillations can be controlled by the vibrations of the hydraulic tensioning device (GNU) of the mill. Processing of the vibration displacement signal of the measuring channel of the GNU FFT
Determination of the actual deckle contact area and the actual pressure in the printed area
Authors:   Azerbaijan Technical University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Aliyev E.A. , Khalilov I.A. ,   Azerbaijan Technical University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Ismailova Sh.V. ,   Azerbaijan Technical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: August 2023

The article determines the effect of micro-roughening of the surface roughness of the printing plate on the deformation of the deck. To study the effect of printing plate surface roughness on the actual contact area of the deck in the printing area, the interaction of the roughness microroughness with the surface of the softer material of the deck was considered. A review and discussion of the results of studies on contact problems was made. To determine the actual contact area from the applied load, the distribution of micro protrusions of the surface roughness of the printing plate is taken into account. A method has been developed for calculating the actual deckle contact area and the actual pressure in the printing area, taking into account the surface roughness of the printing plate. According to the proposed method, the values of the actual deckle contact area and the actual pressure in the printing zone were calculated. It has been established that with an increase in the normal load, the actual deckle contact area increases. Also, an increase in the normal load leads to an increase in the actual pressure. The set values of the actual contact area and the actual pressure contribute to the formation of an elastic saturated contact of the deckle, which ensures high quality prints. The results obtained by the developed method are compared with calculations based on known dependencies. In calculations, the number of protrusions crossed by the average level and the number of protrusion tops located above the midline in the area corresponding to the base length are determined, respectively, by the average roughness step and by the average step between adjacent roughness protrusions. The research results make it possible to make the right choice of printing plates and decals when adjusting and operating a printing machine, as well as to set the actual pressure value, which ensures high quality prints.
Simulation of dynamics of industrial tractor under low-frequency vibro-excitation from the tracked mover.
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Abyzov A.A. , Muhiddinzoda K.Dzh. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Nekrasov S.G. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the development of a mathematical model of an industrial tractor with a semi – rigid suspension. The model is intended for the computational study of vibrations at the driver's seat caused by low – frequency impact from the caterpillar mover. A review of wel l–known mathematical models describing the dynamics of the system “soil – caterpillar mover – tractor body – cabin – vibration protection seat – driver” is made. Various methods of soil modeling and tractor caterpillars are considered. It is proposed to use the ANSYS Motion software package to simulate the subsystem "soil – caterpillar – track rollers – bogie". The model describes in detail the undercarriage system, taking into account the actual geometry of the tracks, the arrangement of the track rollers, as well as other design features. To describe the deformation of the soil in the software package, are used the relations by Becker and Wong. The article presents the results of modeling the dynamics of the tracked bogie of the industrial tractor T–130 of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant when moving on deformable soil. Calculations were made for three types of soil and for different locations of road wheels. The processes of vertical and angular displacements of the bogie are obtained. An analysis of the calculation results showed that the proposed model reveals the influence of soil properties and the design of the running system on the vibrations of a moving tractor. The processes obtained as a result of the simulation will be used as an input for the model describing the subsystem “tractor body – cab – vibration protection seat – driver”. The model will be used for computational studies when optimizing the vibration protection of the tractor operator. Recommendations will be developed to change the arrangement of the road wheels and the elastic–damping characteristics of the vibration protection elements to minimize the vibration impact on the tractor operator
FE-modeling of tapping for calculating the virtual pitch thread diamete
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Shchurov I.A. , Boldyrev I.S. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

The development of high-precision tapping operations involves predicting such accuracy. Very often, this requires expensive experiments. Numerical calculation methods, which have recently received wide application, make it possible to replace these experiments with computer simulations. However, this modeling is now mainly associated with determining the stresses and strength of tools, for which only the cutting tool itself and a fragment of the workpiece are modeled. This approach turns out to be unacceptable for predicting the machining accuracy, since the errors in the thread size and shape significantly depend on the actual movement of the tool, which, in turn, depends on the conditions of its fixing in the machine spindle. In this regard, the task concerns with not only the specified above technological system elements, but also an clamping tool. In addition, after calculating the thread surface of the part, it is necessary to calculate accuracy characteristics of this thread. It is these issues that are considered in this article: the results of finite element modeling of threading with a tap fixed in a tapping chuck of a floatingoscillating type are shown. The obtained graphs of axial force and torque correspond to the expected curves, both in its shape and in numerical values. The obtained thread point cloud made it possible to further calculate its virtual pith thread diameter, which turned out to be comparable with the corresponding tap diameter and the same thread size from the state standard. Thus, the above calculations show their realism and the possibility of application in the practice of designing thread-cutting operations.
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF FLOW FORCE ON THE SPOOL OF A SERVO VALVE BY MEANS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Khabarova D.F. , Bitiutckikh S.Y. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Ismagilov A.R. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Ardashev D.V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

The development and design of servo valve spools with high performance requirements require accurately calculating the impacts on the spool. During the operation of the servo valve, the most significant impact on the spool is exerted by the flow force, which is determined by the flow rate of the liquid and the angle of deflection of the jet. Existing methods for calculating the magnitude of the flow force do not take into account the actual shape of the sleeve and spool collars, which negatively affects the accuracy of the calculations. This article develops a method for calculating the impact of the flow force on a servo valve spool using computational fluid dynamics, taking into account the shape of the sleeve and spool collars. The article presents a simulation of the fluid flow through the spool sleeve of a servo valve in various positions of the spool at a pressure drop across the valve of 7 MPa under no load conditions. Based on the simulation results, for each of the spool position under consideration, the actual flow rate through the servo valve and the jet deflection angles are determined, taking into account the actual structure of the spool sleeve. Based on the actual flow rates, the flow rate coefficients of the servo valve are defined and the flow characteristics are built. Using the data on the jet deflection angles and the obtained flow characteristic, the dependence of the resulting impact of the flow force on the spool of the servo valve on the spool position is calculated. As the result of the study, a step-by-step method for calculating the resulting impact of the flow force on the spool is developed, which is applicable for various operating modes of the servo valve, determined by the supply pressure and the load values.
ANALYSIS OF THE KINEMATIC SCHEME OF AN AIRCRAFT PISTON W-SHAPED ENGINE WITH TRAILER CONNECTING RODS
Authors:   GSKBD “Transdiesel” LLC “ChTZ-URALTRAK”, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Maslov A.P. , Rozhdestvensky Y.V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Zadorozhnaya E.A. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Levtsov M.V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

This article presents the analysis and results of analytical, calculation, and design solutions for the development of piston engines for aircraft (tractors, automobiles, etc.). The authors propose an original design of a W-shaped engine with trailer connecting rods and made a comparative analysis of design features. The main feature of the W-shaped engine design is a significant reduction in length, and, consequently, the length of the crankshaft. As known, the manufacturing of internal combustion engine crankshafts is a long, complex, and expensive procedure requiring a number operations for its mechanical and heat treatment. An important aspect of crankshaft design is the calculation of mechanical tension, torsional vibrations, and the hydraulic performance evaluation of the main and connecting rod bearing, including engine balancing as a whole. At the end of the article the operating schemes of the engine section are presented (the section consists of four pistons, two main and two connecting rods bearing kinematically connected to one crankpin). The design differences from the classical schemes of crank-connecting mechanism (CCM) allow us to design the W-shaped engine in accordance with the technical requirements. For example, maximum power can be achieved by using variant “A”, with an increase in the power and heat stress of the parts of the cylinder-piston group (CPG), when the section is organized according to variants “B” or “C”, the loading of CCM parts is increased, but the loading of CPG parts is reduced. Considering that a W-shaped engine with trailed connecting rods has a same piston stroke in main and side cylinders and the workflow pattern in each cylinder is identical and is moved at the crankshaft rotation angle – which allows the engine to be designed according to variants above – the performance characteristics of such an engine are significantly expanded due to electronic control. The authors consider continuation of the work in the implementation of a full set of calculation studies taking into account the design features of the engine with a W-shaped design of CCM.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE GRATE SHAPE ON THE SEPARATION OF FOREIGN MATTER FROM COTTON
Authors:   Azerbaijan Technological University, Ganja city, Republic of Azerbaijan, Kerimov H.K.
Published: August 2023

In serial cleaners, stationary grates with a circular cross section are installed to remove foreign matter. To increase the cleaning effect, an attempt was made to activate the working surfaces of grate bars with polymer coatings. Although they increased the cleaning effect, they did not find industrial application. In recent years, imparting mobility to the grate has been used to improve performance. This is carried out in two ways: a grate which receives movement under the action of a technological load, and when a grate which is forced. To improve the cleaning effect in serrated cleaners, the cross-sectional shape of the grate has a significant influence. The article proposes profile grates from curved configurations of epicycloids. To determine the influence of the cross-sectional shape of the grate on separating impurities from raw cotton, the interaction cotton and the grate at the time of their contact is considered. The forces of separation (τy) are determined in various modules of epicycloids, which depend on the frequency of rotation and the cross-sectional shape of the grate. Given the values of the wrapping angles, the main parameters are the wrapping angle of the grate with the cotton and the relative speed of the cotton along the grate. The angle of the wrapping of the grate with cotton depends on the shape and size of the cross section of the grate.
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ВЫБОРА КОНСТРУКЦИИ ПИТАТЕЛЯ РОТОРНОГО СНЕГООЧИСТИТЕЛЯ, ИСХОДЯ ИЗ УСЛОВИЙ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
Authors:   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI), Omsk, Russian Federation, Aleshkov D.S. , Korchagin P.A. ,   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI), Omsk, Russian Federation, Teterina I.A. ,   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI), Omsk, Russian Federation, Khiryanov E.V. ,   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI), Omsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

This paper assesses the introduction and application of design solutions at the early stages of snowblower design. Analytical expressions were obtained for the volumes of snow mass cut by the horizontal and vertical cutters of the rotary snowplow feeder. The time of transporting the cut snow mass was estimated. The influence of the design and technological parameters on the size of the cut snow mass and the time of its transportation is shown. The results show the range of values in which the length of the cutting path of the snow mass for a horizontal cutter is less than the length of the cutting path for a vertical cutter.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF CUTTING FORCES DURING TURNING
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Guzeev V.I. , Deryabin I.P. ,   South Ural State University, Zlatoust branch, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

This paper considers the predictive determination of the cutting force components for non-free cutting during turning. It has been established that plastic deformation and friction along the rear surfaces adjacent to the main and auxiliary cutting edges of the tool influence the magnitude and direction of the action of the component . The resulting force is defined as the vector sum of the forces that occur on the main and auxiliary cutting edges. The authors propose to determine the direction of the force in non-free cutting as a vector in the chip flow direction relative to the main cutting edge. The chip deviation angle was fixed by photographing the cutting process. The authors confirmed that in free cutting, the chip flow direction is perpendicular to the main cutting edge. The machining of shaped surfaces on lathes with numeric control systems is accompanied by changes in the feed movement direction and, as a result, changes in the kinematic main and auxiliary angles in the plan of the cutting tool. The increasing active length of the main cutting edge leads to an increase in the contact area of the rear surface of the main cutting edge with the machinable surface, and, consequently, an increase in the force component . The experimental measurement of the cutting force components allowed the determination of the impact degree of the force components connected both to the plastic deformation of the machinable material and to the friction on the rear surfaces adjacent to the main and auxiliary cutting edges of the tool. The analytical dependencies express the functional relationship between the elements of cutting modes, the geometric parameters of the cutters, the degree of wear, the shape of the machinable surface, and the physical and mechanical properties of the machinable material. A large set of parameters included in the formulas for determining the cutting force components allows the adequate monitoring the nature of the force interaction of the technological system elements during machining.
SELF-OSCILLATION OF THE TENSION STATIONS OF AN ETCHING UNIT COMBINED WITH THE TANDEM COLD-ROLLING MILL 2000
Authors:   Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Krasnov M.L. , Kachurin P.L. ,   Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Vishnyakov S.G. ,   Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Savchenko Yu.I. ,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Vasilyev V.A. ,   SIGMA Scientific Research Center, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Nitskiy A.Yu. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Ivanov A.I. ,   “SIGMA” Scientific Research Center, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

On multi-cage cold rolling mills combined with a continuous etching unit, self-oscillations can occur not only on the mill stands but also on the tensioning stations of the etching unit. Fatigue cracks can appear on the rollers of the tension stations, and characteristic defects can appear on the surface of the polyurethane-coated roller. To measure self-oscillations, MEMS accelerometers are installed on the roller bearing supports. The collection of vibrational data takes place in parallel with the measurement of technological parameters. Time series databases are used for data storage. The hybrid database allows the simultaneous processing of technological and vibrational parameters. When an emergency situation occurs, it is possible to chart the dependence of self-oscillations on the technological parameters. Using the results of an industrial experiment, it was possible to obtain the characteristic of the friction of the rolled strip on the roller of the tension station at low strip movement speeds. At band speeds from 0.5 m/s to 1 m/s, the friction characteristic is in a transient mode and can be either positive or negative. With a negative characteristic of friction, self-oscillation appears, with a positive characteristic, the movement of the belt stabilizes. Signal processing was carried out using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). According to the spectral characteristic, it is possible to determine the number of complete cycles acting on the oscillatory system. Having a sufficient amount of information in time, it is possible to calculate the number of cycles and estimate the residual resource before cracks appear on the end surfaces of the roller of the tensioning station.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE NUMERICAL STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE POWER FRAME OF AN ATV
Authors:   Izhevsk Motor Plant “Axion-holding” JSC, Izhevsk, Russian Federation, Dalida N.V. , Zykov S.N. ,   Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russian Federation, Filkin N.M. ,   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

The design of an ATV structure is a complex engineering task, where the development of a load-bearing frame is one of the priorities, which requires a systematic methodology. Purely analytical approaches to calculations, the results of which can be used in the development of a threedimensional tubular frame structure, are now becoming a thing of the past, since the assumptions used in analytical methods give a significant calculation error, which makes it possible to obtain only a very approximate picture of the distribution of stresses and resulting deformations of the structure. It is also necessary to take into account that modern design technologies provide for the simultaneous use of various profiles of not only round, but also more complex sections, which should provide the necessary functionality of different sections of the frame (while providing a sufficiently large number of structural requirements for it), but significantly complicates the calculation procedures. With such input data, preliminary virtual electronic simulation of real products in combination with subsequent numerical engineering analysis is optimal and allows taking into account various design and technological nuances. Such software systems as CATIA related to PLM-systems (PLM – English product lifecycle management system) make it possible to perform both product modeling and, in fact, a series of numerical experiments within a single interactive environment. In the conditions of real design at the production facilities, such works are methodologically undeveloped and innovative. The purpose of the article is to consider approaches to optimizing the design of the power frame of an ATV using software computer engineering analysis tools and a previously created electronic geometric model of an ATV. In particular, the issues of preparing a model for subsequent finite element partitioning, evaluating the results of a numerical study in relation to evaluating the performance of the designed power frame of an ATV under the conditions of using the component base of previously developed power frames of motorcycles and buggies are touched upon.
Iatrogenic Extrusion of Calcium Silicate Cements on Teeth Associated with Large Periapical Lesion: A Case Report with 12-Month Follow-up
Authors:   Centre of Comprehensive Care Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Selangor, Malaysia, afiqazizi@uitm.edu.my, Azizi Jawami Afiq , Soo Eason ,   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, eswsoo@gmail.com
Published: August 2023

Traumatic dental injuries can result in pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis, impairing root development. When this condition is left untreated, it causes inflammation in the tissues at the apex, which may lead to significant damage of the periapical alveolar bone. Tooth with open apex may have a risk of iatrogenic error of extrusion material during the stage of root canal obturation. Objective: This case report discussed the bone healing of large periapical lesion of an iatrogenic extrusion of calcium silicate cement in an open apex maxillary left central incisor. Case report: A 35-year-old female patient presented with a main complaint of a discoloured upper front tooth that was affecting with her appearance. Clinical examination showed her left maxillary central incisor was diagnosed with pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. Periapical radiograph revealed the tooth has an open apex and large periapical lesion. After chemomechanical disinfection, an apical plug was placed with bioceramic material. Periapical radiographs taken postoperatively demonstrated the extrusion of bioceramic material into the periapical lesion. After a year, the tooth does not exhibit any symptoms, and periapical radiographs showed that the periapical region has totally healed. Conclusion: Extruded bioceramic material has no detrimental impact on periapical tissue healing, as evidenced by 12-month follow-up observations.
Primary Oral Myiasis of Anterior Maxilla in An Intellectually Disabled Female – A Case Report
Authors:   KAHER’S KLE VK Institute of Dental Science, Karnataka, India, msridhar472@yahoo.com, M Sridhar , Charantimath Shivayogi ,   KAHER’S KLE VK Institute of Dental Science, Karnataka, India, Bagewadi Anjana ,   KAHER’S KLE VK Institute of Dental Science, Karnataka, India, anjanabagewadi455@gmail.com, Kumar S Lokesh ,   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals (SIMATS), Chennai, India, lokemar95@gmail.com, Panwar Arun ,   KAHER’S KLE VK Institute of Dental Science, Karnataka, India, panwar10@yahoo.co.in
Published: August 2023

“Myiasis” is a term used to represent invasion caused by fly larvae that affect organs and tissues of human beings and feeds on the host tissue. It is a rare and non-specific pathology that varies according to the species of fly larvae and the area of the body involved. Various factors like extraction wounds, uncontrolled diabetes, necrotic tissues, alcohol addiction, poor oral hygiene, immunocompromised conditions and people with special care needs like debilitated or mentally challenged individuals predispose to develop myiasis. We hereby report a case of oral myiasis of the maxillary anterior region of the palate and labial mucosa, in a 16-year-old female patient with special care needs who for her daily activities is dependent. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of pulsating larvae in the lesion and was managed by conservative suffocation therapy involving the turpentine oil topical application followed by the mechanical removal of larvae along with surgical debridement and post-operative antibiotics.
Selection of Commercially Available Membrane between Resorbable and Nonresorbable Materials for Guided Bone Regeneration
Authors:   Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia, rakhmatia@unpad.ac.id, Dwi Rakhmatia Yunia , Ayukawa Yasunori ,   Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, ayukawa@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp, Furuhashi Akihiro ,   Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, furuhasi@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp, Koyano Kiyoshi ,   Division of Advanced Dental Devices and Therapeutics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, koyano@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the commercially available membranes used for treatment in Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR). Methods: Four membranes resorbable and non-resorbable were used and a critical size defect in six-week-old Wistar rats was created for membrane application. Meanwhile, the defect without membrane treatment was used as the control (C). Results: After 4 and 8 weeks, all rats were euthanized and block biopsies of calvaria including membrane were excised and analysed using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The sections were dehydrated with graded ethanol, embedded in resin, and cut for histologic evaluation. After 4 weeks, all membrane groups and the control showed different degrees of bone volume (BV) and mineral density (BMD). Titanium mesh (TM) was observed with higher bone volume but lower BMD compared to the control, Cytoplast (CP), Biomend (BM), and GC membranes. The results showed that newly formed bone adjacent to the original filled the defect area. Conclusion: TM was the stiffest among the commercially available membranes used and increased the abundance of bone formation at 4 weeks. The selection of membranes used in GBR needs to consider the treatment requirement and the patient’s point of view.