bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticonvulsant effects of desvenlafaxine on modulating brain monoamine and oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Alharbi Khalid Saad
Published: August 2021

Abstract Desvenlafaxine succinate (DVS) inhibits serotonin reuptake selectively and is approved for major depressive disorders. This research investigated influence of DVS on modulating brain monoamine and oxidative stress in mice. The antiepileptic potential of DVS (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg/i.p.) in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 85 mg/kg) with i.p. route of administration, strychnine (STR; 75 mg/kg) with i.p. route, pilocarpine (400 mg/kg) with s.c. route and maximal electroshock MES-induced convulsion in mouse models. The activities of oxidative stress, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brains of PTZ-induced convulsive mice. Treatment with DVS increased the latency to develop siezures and declined mortalities in rodents against PTZ, STR and pilocarpine-induced convulsions. Results of MES-leaded siezures revealed that DVS reduced tonic hind limb extension duration and mortalities significantly. Brain, SOD, GSH and GABA level were significantly (P<0.01) increased and LPO reduced significantly (P<0.01) after DVS treatment. Furthermore, the DVS did not show any motor coordination signs in the rotarod test. We demonstrated that the role of DVS in convulsion genesis in mice under control condition and attenuate the PTZ-induced oxidative damage.
Molecular Epidemiology of Plasmodium species in Conflicted Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem M. F. , Khattak A. A. , Zeeshan N. , Awan U. A. , Alam S. , Ahmed W. , Gul S. , Afroz A. , Sughra K. , Rashid U. , Khan M. A. U.
Published: August 2021

Abstract Military conflicts have been significant obstacles in detecting and treating infectious disease diseases due to the diminished public health infrastructure, resulting in malaria endemicity. A variety of violent and destructive incidents were experienced by FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas). It was a struggle to pursue an epidemiological analysis due to continuing conflict and Talibanization. Clinical isolates were collected from Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber, Orakzai agencies from May 2017 to May 2018. For Giemsa staining, full blood EDTA blood samples have been collected from symptomatic participants. Malaria-positive microscopy isolates were spotted on filter papers for future Plasmodial molecular detection by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) of small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (ssrRNA) genes specific primers. Since reconfirming the nPCR, a malariometric study of 762 patients found 679 positive malaria cases. Plasmodium vivax was 523 (77%), Plasmodium falciparum 121 (18%), 35 (5%) were with mixed-species infection (P. vivax plus P. falciparum), and 83 were declared negative by PCR. Among the five agencies of FATA, Khyber agency has the highest malaria incidence (19%) with followed by P. vivax (19%) and P. falciparum (4.1%). In contrast, Kurram has about (14%), including (10.8%) P. vivax and (2.7%) P. falciparum cases, the lowest malaria epidemiology. Surprisingly, no significant differences in the distribution of mixed-species infection among all five agencies. P. falciparum and P. vivax were two prevalent FATA malaria species in Pakistan’s war-torn area. To overcome this rising incidence of malaria, this study recommends that initiating malaria awareness campaigns in school should be supported by public health agencies and malaria-related education locally, targeting children and parents alike.
O produto interno bruto do Brasil ajustado pela depreciação do solo agrícola
Authors: Azevedo Junior Wladimir Colman de , Santana Antônio Cordeiro de
Published: August 2021

Resumo: A contabilização da depleção dos ativos ambientais, que servem como suporte ao crescimento econômico, tem permitido a consideração do passivo ambiental na mensuração do Produto Interno Bruto Ajustado Ambientalmente (PIBA). Busca-se mensurar a depleção causada no ativo ambiental solo, no que se refere ao balanço de NPK e seu impacto sobre a produção nacional. Os fluxos de entrada e saída de nutrientes foram monetizados e introduzidos na Matriz de Contabilidade Social e Ambiental do Brasil para 2010. Ao representar uma externalidade negativa, o saldo positivo do Balanço Monetário de Nutrientes do solo permitiu a estimação do PIBA brasileiro inferior ao PIB em R$ 4.176 milhões. Pode-se afirmar também que, a cada incremento de um milhão de reais das exportações de produtos agropecuários, os demais setores produtivos são induzidos ao aumento da produção que somaria R$ 5.329,5 mil. No entanto, esse aumento da produção causaria a redução da fertilidade do solo equivalente a R$ 10.760,69 que é totalmente reposta pelos dispêndios na aplicação de nutrientes.
Inovação no setor de biodiesel dos principais países produtores: o papel da demanda induzida entre 2000 e 2011
Authors: Rodrigues Lora dos Anjos , Féres José Gustavo
Published: August 2021

Resumo: Tem-se por objetivo investigar se a tendência de alta no preço do petróleo e as políticas públicas regulatória e fiscal afetam a inovação no setor de biodiesel. Também, se há influência da proporção do gasto do governo em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D). A existência de uma relação entre o preço relativo do petróleo e a inovação no biodiesel é fundamentada na teoria da inovação induzida, proposta por Hicks (1932) e formalizada por Ahmad (1966). Para mensurar a inovação, empregam-se dados de patentes em biodiesel depositadas (por residentes) no Brasil, Estados Unidos, Alemanha, França, Espanha, Reino Unido, Áustria e República Checa de 2000 a 2011. Aplica-se o estimador de Método dos Momentos Generalizados (GMM2) no modelo de Poisson em painel de Efeito Fixo. Os resultados indicam que o preço do petróleo e a existência de política regulatória e fiscal são fatores demand-pull, que estimulam a inovação no biodiesel por aumentar sua demanda e a expectativa de retorno. Já o investimento governamental em P&D constitui um fator technology-push, que afeta a inovação pelo lado da oferta, na medida que aumenta a capacidade tecnológica da qual o setor de biodiesel pode se beneficiar.
Tendências recentes da agricultura familiar no Brasil e o paradoxo da pluriatividade
Authors: Nascimento Carlos Alves do , Aquino Joacir Rufino de , Delgrossi Mauro Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Resumo: Os resultados do Censo Agropecuário 2017, divulgados no final de 2019 pelo IBGE, abriram os debates acerca das características e dos motivos da redução absoluta do contingente de agricultores familiares no Brasil vis-à-vis os números apresentados em 2006. Isso posto, o objetivo do presente artigo é se inserir nessa discussão e contribuir com a mesma a partir da utilização dos microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios – PNAD (de 2006 a 2015) para avaliar a evolução do número de produtores pertencentes à agricultura familiar no país. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a pluriatividade se tornou, em virtude da aplicação dos critérios da Lei da Agricultura Familiar de 2006, um elemento potencial de impedimento de uma parte expressiva das famílias de contas próprias serem classificadas como agricultura familiar, o que contribui para a sua retração nas estatísticas oficiais. Por sua vez, ao lado da agricultura familiar que comercializa parte de sua produção, o trabalho mostra que uma parcela crescente da categoria se dedica a atividades produtivas para o próprio consumo, exigindo políticas públicas de inclusão produtiva e de desenvolvimento rural.
Obesity and decrease of daily physical activity among children and adolescents: a follow-up study
Authors: Jesus Gilmar Mercês de , Dias Lizziane Andrade , Barros Anna Karolina Cerqueira , Araujo Lara Daniele Matos dos Santos , Kupek Emil , Assis Maria Alice Altenburg de
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT We analyzed the effect of obesity on daily physical activity (DPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) and vigorous- intensity physical activity (VPA) in children and adolescents. Overall, 462 students from a public school (53.6% boys; aged 7-12 years) were involved in this one-year longitudinal study. Physical activities and sedentary behaviors (SB) were reported in the questionnaire Food Intake and Physical Activity of Students (Web-CAAFE). Obesity was evaluated through Body Mass Index (BMI z score ≥ 2). Obesity was observed in 16.5% of participants, but it did not influence LPA, MPA or DPA. However, VPA were 20% less frequent among obese students (β2=0.80; CI 95%: 0.66-0.98). Obese girls showed less frequency of VPA than non-obese boys (Mean Difference = -0.97; CI 95%: -1.36 to -0.57). Non-obese girls showed less VPA than non-obese boys (Mean Difference = -1.18; CI 95%: -1.40 to -0.95) and obese ones (Mean Difference = -0.57; CI 95%: -0.90 to -0.24). Obese boys showed fewer VPA, if compared to non-obese ones (Mean Difference = -0.61; CI 95%: -0.96 to -0.26). The analysis of the obesity-sex-age interaction showed a greater reduction in VPA among obese girls aged 10 years or more when compared to obese girls aged 7-9 years, and among boys obese and non-obese regardless of age. Amounts of VPA and SB increased simultaneously among non-obese boys and non-obese children aged 7-9 years. Obesity reduced VPA in the sample during the follow up of one year, independently of age and SB.
Do dental bleaching sessions prior to orthodontic treatment change the bond strength of esthetic brackets?
Authors: PERCIANO Samara Gasperoni , CARNEIRO Diego Patrik Alves , SANTOS Patricia Rafaela dos , CORRER Américo Bortolazzo , VEDOVELLO Silvia Amélia Scudeler , VALDRIGHI Heloísa Cristina
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this experimental in vitro study was to evaluate whether dental bleaching performed before orthodontic treatment change the shear bond strength (SBS) of monocrystalline and polycrystalline esthetic brackets. Methods: Sixty (60) bovine incisors teeth were used and randomly divided into the following six groups (n=10): SCP (without bleaching/polycrystalline brackets); SCM (without bleaching/monocrystalline brackets); 1CP (one bleaching session/polycrystalline brackets); 1CM (one bleaching session/monocrystalline brackets); 3CP (three bleaching sessions/polycrystalline brackets); and 3CM (three bleaching sessions/monocrystalline brackets). The brackets were bonded seven days after the bleaching sessions. The samples were submitted to the SBS test in a universal testing machine (Instron model 4411) at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey tests were performed at a 5% level of significance. After the mechanical test, samples were evaluated to determine the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Results: The SBS values were significantly higher for the monocrystalline brackets, when compared with the polycrystalline type (p< 0.0001), and significantly higher with three bleaching sessions than without bleaching (p< 0.0436). The ARI showed predominance of failures between the bracket and resin for all the groups (score 3). Conclusion: Three dental bleaching sessions increased the SBS values. Monocrystalline brackets showed higher SBS values than the polycrystalline type.
Effect of second molar eruption on efficiency of maxillary first molar distalization using Carriere distalizer appliance
Authors: HASHEM Ahmed Shawky
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maxillary molar distalization is a common approach for correcting dental Class II malocclusions. Objective: This study aimed at comparing the outcomes of maxillary first molar distalization using the Carriere appliance before and after second molar eruption. Methods: Two groups of patients with dental Class II malocclusions were treated with Carriere distalizer appliance with heavy rectangular mandibular wire and lingual arch for anchorage. Patients of the first group presented unerupted maxillary second molars during the distalization period. In the second group, maxillary second molars were in occlusion on treatment onset. Cone beam computed tomography images were taken at the beginning of treatment and after finishing molar distalization, to compare both groups regarding first molar distalization, intrusion, mesiodistal tipping, buccolingual torquing and rotation, anchorage loss and skeletal changes. Also, the treatment durations were compared. Results: The mean first molar distalization period in the first group (19.2 ± 1.6 weeks) was significantly smaller than the second group (23.3 ± 2.3 weeks). The amount of maxillary first molar distalization was significantly greater, while the amount of rotation was significantly smaller in the first group. No statistically significant differences in the amounts of maxillary first molar intrusion, mesiodistal tipping and buccolingual torquing between both groups was found. Mandibular incisor labiolingual torquing and mandibular first molar mesialization and mesiodistal tipping were significantly greater in the second group. Conclusions: Maxillary first molar distalization before maxillary second molar eruption is more efficient, with less anchorage loss than after second molar eruption.
Stress and displacement of mini-implants and appliance in Mini-implant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion: analysis by finite element method
Authors: OLIVEIRA Pedro Lima Emmerich , SOARES Kayque Euclides Moreira , ANDRADE Rafhael Milanezi de , OLIVEIRA Gabriel Couto de , PITHON Matheus Melo , ARAÚJO Mônica Tirre de Souza , SANT’ANNA Eduardo Franzotti
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: In this study, simulations were performed by the finite element method (FEM) to determine the tension and displacement in mini-implants and in expander appliance during rapid maxillary expansion, by varying the number and location of the mini-implants. Methods: For the computational simulation, a three-dimensional mesh was used for the maxilla, mini-implants and expander appliance. Comparisons were made on six different Mini-implant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expander (MARPE) configurations, by varying the amount and location of mini-implants. A closed suture was design and received two activations of 0.25 mm, and an open suture had a 0.5-mm aperture that received 20 activations, also of 0.25 mm. Results: For the closed suture, the maximum displacement values in the mini-implants were between 0.253 and 0.280 mm, and stress was between 1,348.9 and 2,948.2 MPa; in the expander appliance, the displacement values were between 0.256 and 0.281 mm, and stress was between 738.52 and 1,207.6 MPa. For the open suture, the maximum displacement values in the mini-implants were between 2.57 and 2.79 mm, and stress was between 5,765.3 and 10,366 MPa; in the appliance, the maximum displacements was between 2.53 and 2.89 mm, and stress was between 4,859.7 and 9,157.4 MPa. Conclusions: There were higher stress concentrations in the mini-implant than in the expander arm. In the simulations with a configuration of three mini-implants, stress overload was observed in the isolated mini-implant. Displacements of the mini-implants and arms of the appliance were similar in all simulations.
Avaliação de tecnologia educativa para crianças com diabetes: estudo metodológico
Authors: Ribeiro Anna Luísa Torres , Araújo Éverton Fernandes de , Pinho Isla Vitória Oliveira Sousa de , Melo Manuela Costa , Martins Ruth Geralda Germana , Lara Caren Castelar Queiroz
Published: August 2021

Resumo Objetivos descrever o processo de elaboração e avaliação de tecnologia educativa destinada à promoção do cuidado de crianças com diabetes. Método pesquisa metodológica desenvolvida em duas fases: elaboração e avaliação. A fase de elaboração compõe: revisão de literatura; diagnóstico situacional e elaboração das ilustrações; layout; design e textos. Aplicou-se a escala Likert para a avaliação de conteúdo. Os dados foram analisados por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e nível de concordância. Resultados a definição da temática teve como base as demandas percebidas no diagnóstico situacional e a revisão de literatura. A seleção das imagens foi realizada por meio de fotografias, banco de imagens e Illustrator. As informações foram construídas como história em quadrinhos com o auxílio de designer gráfico. A tecnologia, avaliada por 12 profissionais de saúde, demonstrou nível de confiabilidade satisfatório conforme o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (0,7121). O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (0,875) e o nível de concordância (91,67) foram classificados como altos. Conclusão este estudo apresentou considerações relevantes na promoção do cuidado e no aumento do escopo de possibilidades de intervenções do profissional de saúde na perspectiva do cuidado centrado na criança e na família.
Ações de cuidado e necessidades essenciais de prematuros após a alta hospitalar: revisão de escopo
Authors: Walty Cynthia Márcia Romano Faria , Henriques Nayara Luiza , Coimbra Natália de Mesquita Melo , Braga Patrícia Pinto , Veríssimo Maria de La Ó Ramallo , Duarte Elysângela Dittz
Published: August 2021

Resumo Objetivo identificar e analisar as ações de cuidado às crianças nascidas prematuras, após a alta hospitalar, realizadas pelos familiares e profissionais de saúde. Método revisão de escopo, desenvolvida em dezembro de 2019, segundo as orientações do Joanna Briggs Institute e do guia internacional PRISMAScR. Foram investigados estudos originais, publicados em inglês, espanhol ou português, de 2013 a 2019, nas bases CINAHAL, Medline, LILACS, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science. Os 21 artigos incluídos foram submetidos à análise direcionada de conteúdo apoiada pelo referencial das necessidades essenciais das crianças. Resultados predominaram ações para proteção física e segurança (20 artigos), comunidades estáveis e amparadoras (dez artigos), seguidas de relacionamentos sustentadores contínuos (seis artigos), experiências que respeitem as diferenças individuais (quatro artigos) e experiências adequadas ao desenvolvimento (dois artigos). Ações para o estabelecimento de limites, organização e expectativas não foram identificadas nos estudos. Conclusões e implicações para a prática as ações de cuidado contemplam, principalmente, a dimensão física. Ao considerar o cuidado integral e os achados desta revisão são necessários avanços nas ações para o atendimento de outras dimensões da vida dos prematuros como a emocional e a social.
Enfermagem brasileira e a pandemia de COVID-19: desigualdades em evidência
Authors: Gandra Elen Cristiane , Silva Kênia Lara , Passos Hozana Reis , Schreck Rafaela Siqueira Costa
Published: August 2021

Resumo Objetivos Refletir sobre as desigualdades que afetam a Enfermagem em sua trajetória histórica e que se acentuam durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Métodos Método crítico-reflexivo com aporte no referencial do materialismo histórico-dialético. Foram analisados posicionamentos das entidades de classe da Enfermagem, boletins epidemiológicos e notícias sobre o contexto de trabalho de profissionais da saúde, desde março de 2020. Resultados Foram discutidas questões acerca das desigualdades e hierarquias próprias das equipes de saúde, tendo em vista as perspectivas de classe, gênero, raça/etnia que impactam na profissão de enfermagem e no trabalho em saúde e que se acentuam no contexto da COVID-19. Os impactos da pandemia expõem a desvalorização do trabalho da enfermagem, evidenciada pela invisibilidade social da categoria e pela precarização da vida de quem a exerce. Conclusão e implicação para a prática Torna-se urgente e necessário reconhecer que as desigualdades agravadas pela pandemia fazem parte de uma condição estrutural da sociedade que afeta diretamente trabalhadoras e trabalhadores da Enfermagem. Ademais, torna-se oportuno a enfermagem perfilhar lutas junto a sociedade civil na defesa igualitarista de justiça e pela proteção social universal e na superação dos condutores estruturais das desigualdades.
Checks and Balances: The Concept and Its Implications for Corruption
Authors: Da Ros Luciano , Taylor Matthew M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract It is often assumed that checks and balances are effective in curbing corruption, in part because checks and balances are so often assumed to be synonymous with the separation of powers. We argue that checks and balances are only one of several potential manifestations of the separation of powers. We suggest that the apparent correlation between checks and balances and control of corruption is driven by a variety of conditions antecedent to both. Using examples from Western democracies, we demonstrate that the concept of checks and balances is by itself an empty vessel, made effective only by “hard” factors such as the balance of political forces and “soft” factors such as the adherence of elites to particular behavioral norms. This does not mean that checks and balances cannot be useful, but rather that our assumptions about their precise utility may be misinformed: the relationship between checks and balances and curbing corruption is at best indirect.
Nilo Peçanha e seu cão Jicky: sentidos culturais e políticos de uma relação
Authors: Ostos Natascha Stefania Carvalho de
Published: August 2021

Resumo: O artigo analisa a relação de Nilo Peçanha com seu cão de estimação, Jicky. O vínculo existente entre esses dois seres individualizados, nas décadas iniciais do século XX, aponta para diversos aspectos da interação histórica entre homens e animais. Como líder em evidência e presidente da República, o relacionamento de Nilo Peçanha com seu cachorro foi representado na imprensa, explicitando sentidos culturais e políticos que remetiam tanto ao contexto da época como à imagem do advogado fluminense. Jicky tornou-se personagem do cenário público da Primeira República, encarnando, juntamente com o dono, novas possibilidades afetivas e velhas práticas políticas. As fontes utilizadas na pesquisa foram notícias de jornais e revistas, charges e documentos do acervo do Museu da República.
“Toda nudez, sem amor, será castigada”: o sentido proposto por Nelson Rodrigues a uma de suas peças mais controversas
Authors: Gusmão Henrique Buarque de
Published: August 2021

Resumo: Desde a década em 1940, em suas crônicas jornalísticas, Nelson Rodrigues monta uma consistente arquitetura discursiva que atribui um sentido específico para o teatro, de maneira geral, e para suas peças, em particular. Em diálogo com referências intelectuais do mundo católico de seu tempo (como Jacques Maritain, Gilbert Chesterton, Gilberto Freyre e Gustavo Corção), o dramaturgo produziu uma série de juízos dos quais lançava mão para debater sua obra ficcional. Toda nudez será castigada, montada pela primeira vez em 1965, é uma de suas peças que opera mais diretamente com o projeto estético produzido pelo dramaturgo em suas crônicas. Realizo, neste artigo, uma leitura desta peça em diálogo com as tantas concepções levadas adiante por Nelson Rodrigues nos jornais, trazendo à tona a figura do dramaturgo que se coloca como o primeiro debatedor de suas peças, atuando contundentemente sobre a recepção destas.
Pedro, escravo, “mandado pelo Altíssimo para absolver os pecados”: religiosidades, insurgências e autonomia escrava (Bahia, c.1790 a c.1830)
Authors: Costa Alex Andrade
Published: August 2021

Resumo: Este artigo parte do estudo sobre um culto religioso liderado por escravos e libertos que assumiram as identidades do Papa e de divindades católicas, para inseri-lo como uma das formas de resistência incitada pelo quadro econômico e social da Bahia, entre fins do século XVIII e início do século XIX, marcado pela pobreza de pequenos lavradores e uma forte presença africana centro-ocidental. Nesse sentido, o estudo analisa as correntes do tráfico atlântico para compreender os processos de mestiçagem e como podem ter impactado no entendimento do sagrado e nas ações reivindicatórias lideradas por escravizados. O culto do Santo Padre só pode ser compreendido em associação a outras formas de resistência, como o aquilombamento e a produção e comercialização de farinha sob o controle de escravizados, como evidências de uma ampla mobilização em torno da autonomia sobre suas vidas.
Pretos e pardos nas instituições de assistência à saúde no Rio de Janeiro (1850-1919): um estudo sobre o louco-pobre
Authors: Sanglard Gisele , Claper Jeanine R.
Published: August 2021

Resumo: O artigo analisa a presença de pretos e pardos nas tradicionais instituições de assistência aos pobres, especificamente a população assistida nos hospitais de alienados na cidade e no estado do Rio de Janeiro, da virada do século XIX para o XX. O argumento central é o de que o perfil sociocultural e racial dos doentes nessas diversas instituições vincula-se às características da sociedade em que elas estão localizadas - notadamente o processo de abolição da escravatura. O artigo apresenta uma visão geral da assistência à pobreza e suas relações com as mudanças estruturais urbanas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro; do discurso científico do médico baiano Juliano Moreira no seu esforço de afastar da sociedade brasileira os estigmas da raça e da degeneração como causas da doença mental. Por fim, a modificação do perfil racial do público atendido nas instituições de assistência no Rio de Janeiro, entre 1850 e 1919, principalmente no Hospício de Pedro II/Hospício Nacional, nas Misericórdias do Rio de Janeiro e Valença e no Hospício anexo ao Hospital São João Batista, em Niterói.
A invenção do Brasil na encruzilhada de dois mundos
Authors: Romeiro Adriana
Published: August 2021

Resumo: O novo livro de Jurandir Malerba examina os sucessivos projetos formulados para o Brasil, entre meados do século XVIII e as primeiras décadas do século XIX. A resenha busca situar a contribuição desse trabalho à historiografia sobre o período.
Intelectuais em ação. O MIR e a construção do intelectual revolucionário
Authors: Melo Ana Amelia M. C.
Published: August 2021

Resumo: Resenha crítica do livro publicado no Chile sobre o Movimento de Izquierda Revolucionária (MIR). A pesquisa analisa o papel dos intelectuais nos anos 1960-1970, na construção de um projeto revolucionário na América Latina. A autora examina o debate teórico e a atuação dos intelectuais exilados no Chile e como se incorporam ao MIR.
The construction and the collapse of the Tiber retaining walls in Rome, Italy (1870–1900)
Authors: Giannetti Ilaria , Casini Francesca
Published: August 2021

This paper addresses the construction history of the River Tiber retaining walls (muraglioni) in Rome, Italy, between 1876 and 1900. In particular, the construction and the collapse of the Anguillara and Alberteschi sections are analysed through the analysis of the literature of the time and the archival source of the Genio Civile of Rome, after the river flood of December 1900. The retaining wall collapse and the subsequent studies on stability conditions conducted in 1901 are presented and discussed to improve the knowledge of geotechnical engineering history and its crucial role in the maintenance of existing heritage structures.
An energy-based damage model for red-bed sandstones subjected to drying–wetting cycles
Authors: Huang K. , Zha F. , Kang B. , Sun X. , Su J.
Published: August 2021

A series of experiments is performed to determine the damage behaviour and energy evolution of red-bed sandstones subjected to drying–wetting (D–W) cycles. The experimental results reveal that accompanied by the strain increases, the input energy density gradually increases, the elastic energy density increases slowly first, then increases linearly, and reaches the maximum value at the peak strength, then gradually decreases. The dissipated energy density continuously increases and then maintains a steady-state level before it finally increases rapidly. Furthermore, with the increase in the number of D–W cycles, all three energy densities of specimens present a linear downward trend. According to the damage variable defined by the energy principle, the damage evolution models of the uniaxial compression strength (UCS) and peak strain of the D–W specimen are established, which can well characterise the evolution of the UCS and peak strain of rocks after different numbers of D–W cycles.
Alterações posturais e nível de dor em mães com bebês de colo: um estudo transversal
Authors: Gonçalves de Freitas Lilian Stefanny , Rocha Alice Anny Diniz , Costa Elanny Mirelle da , Silva Jessica Bruna Florêncio e , Silva Ruana Glicya Lima , Linhares Wiara Milleny Roque , Silva Joelma Gomes da
Published: August 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: O período gestacional caracteriza-se como um momento de grandes eventos fisiológicos, assim como também o período puerperal, que traz consigo grandes mudanças físicas e psicológicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de alterações posturais e nível de dor em mães com bebês de colo. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Pesquisa transversal, de caráter descritivo e abordagem quantitativa, que foi desenvolvida com mães que participavam do acompanhamento de puericultura e aleitamento materno durante novembro de 2018 numa frequência de três vezes por semana. Para coleta dos dados, utilizou-se um formulário sociodemográfico para colher algumas informações pessoais; o Instrumento de Avaliação Postural (IAP) a Escala Analógica Visual de Dor (EVA). Os dados categóricos foram apresentados através de frequência simples e absolutas, seguidos da utilização do teste Qui-quadrado (?²) de Pearson para a associação entre o nível de dor com as variáveis dependentes. RESULTADOS: A idade das mães manteve-se entre 18 e 35 anos, com nível de escolaridade completo, e a maioria sem atividade ocupacional. Observou-se que, apesar do estudo não apresentar associação significativa entre os hábitos posturais e o nível de dor, este sintoma esteve presente em 73,5 % das mulheres e prevaleceu em níveis de moderada (n=26) à intensa (n=24), mantendo uma relação discreta com alguns tipos de desvios. A alteração postural mais prevalente foi a hiperlordose lombar (69,1%). CONCLUSÃO: foi possível perceber que a dor e os desvios posturais estão presentes em mulheres com bebês de colo, sendo necessário pensar em intervenções com esse enfoque para este grupo.
HyDrop-ATAC v1.0 v2
Authors: De Rop Florian , Poovathingal Suresh , Aerts Stein
Published: August 2021

Step-by-step protocol for execution of HyDrop-ATAC.
An Assessment of the Efficacy of Pheromone Traps in Managing the Red Palm Weevil
Authors: Sabbahi Rachid , Azzaoui Khalil , Hammouti Belkheir
Published: August 2021

This experiment was performed in date palm farms to assess the effectiveness of a newly designed pheromone trap (i.e., funnel trap) in capturing red palm weevil (RPW) adults and to compare it to traditional traps. The number of captured RPWs varied by month, with a total of 3931 adults captured during the experiment. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences in the number of captures between the three traps. The funnel traps captured 1627 RPW adults in total, while the buried and burlap bucket traps captured 1079 and 1225 weevils, respectively. The mean (± SE) number of captures/trap/weeks was 2.62 ± 0.11 in funnel traps, which was significantly higher than that of buried bucket traps (1.73 ± 0.06) and burlap bucket traps (1.97 ± 0.07). Both sexes were attracted to traps; however, the number of female weevils captured was significantly higher than that of males with a sex ratio (female/male) of 1.58 ± 0.03. According to the findings, the pheromone-food-bait funnel trap is a promising solution for reducing RPW populations and thus protecting date palm trees from infestations.
Effects of Different Drying Methods and Solvents on Biological Activities of Curcuma aeruginosa Leaves Extract
Authors: Wan Nasir Wan Najiyah Hanun , Ibrahim Nurul Najiha Ain , Woon Kuo Hao , Abu Bakar Sajak Azliana , Sofian-Seng Noor-Soffalina , Wan Mustapha Wan Aida , Abdul Rahman Hafeedza
Published: August 2021

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. is one of the plants from the Zingiberaceae family which the rhizome has been used for medicinal purposes. However, the biological properties of the leaves have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different drying methods and solvents on total phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities of C. aeruginosa leaf extract. Samples were dried by oven drying (OD) and freeze drying (FD), and then extracted using different ratios of ethanol:water (100:0, 50:50 and 0:100). The amount of phenolic content (TPC) was determined using a spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was tested using the Free Radical Scavenging (DPPH) test and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP), while the anti-hyperglycemic test was evaluated by determining the percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition. The results showed that FD at 100:0 and 50:50 concentrations had the highest phenolic content (30.88 and 33.06 mg GAE/g extract, respectively) and highest antioxidant activity value (38.24 and 42.46 mg TEAC/g extract, respectively). For DPPH, FD at 50:50 showed the highest inhibition of 71.48% compared to other extracts. Whereas FD at 100:0, 50:50 and 0:100 showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition of 25.65, 30.78 and 27.65%, respectively. However, compared to Quercetin, the extract showed mild anti-hyperglycemic activity. The results indicated that FD is the best method of drying while 50:50 showed as the best solvents. Positive correlation between TPC with antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities showed that C. aeruginosa leaf has potential as a source of natural antioxidant with the presence of phenolic compounds.
Effects of Acacia Honey Drink after Exercise-Induced Dehydration on Selected Physiological Parameters and Subsequent Running Performance
Authors: Mohamad Samsani Aidi-Naim , Foong Kiew Ooi , Chen Chee Keong , Ismail Mohamed Saat
Published: August 2021

This study examined the effect of honey supplementation on exercise performance and biochemical markers in comparison to plain water and sports drink in the heat. Ten recreational athletes (Age: 22.2 ± 2.0 years, weight: 65.7 ± 5.3 kg; height: 170.4 ± 3.5 cm; VO2max: 51.5 ± 3.7 mL.kg−1.min−1) participated in this study. Participants ran at 70% of their VO2max for 1 h in a pre-load phase (Run-1), followed by a rehydration phase for 2 h and then a 20 min self-paced time trial (Run-2). After Run-1, participants drank either Acacia honey, sports drink or plain water with an amount equivalent to 150% of body weight loss. Subsequently, the participants performed the 20 min self-paced time trial. Acacia honey elicited an improved running time trial performance with a significantly (p<0.05) longer distance ran compared to plain water trial, but it was not different from the sports drink trial. In addition, there was no significant difference in running performance between sports drink and plain water trials. Plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acids were significantly (p<0.05) higher in H and sports drink compared to the W trial during the rehydration phase. There were no significant differences in body weight changes, oxygen uptake, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, tympanic temperature, plasma volume changes, plasma cortisol, urine osmolality, volume, and specific gravity among the three trials. Thus, Acacia honey can be recommended to be used as a rehydration drink for individuals who train and compete in the heat.
Characterization, Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Collagen Hydrolysate from Lamuru (Caranx ignobilis) Fishbone
Authors: Syamsu Nur Syamsu Nur , Wierson Yogillverd , Yulia Yulia , Jumaetri Sami Fitriyanti , Megawati Megawati , Andi Nur Aisyah , Marwati Marwati , A. Gani Sahibuddin
Published: August 2021

The Lamuru fish (Caranx ignobilis) is mostly found in tropical waters of the indo-pacific region, namely Indonesia. It is believed to contain collagen and this study aims to isolate collagen from its bone and determine the collagen’s antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In our study, the collagen was extracted using acetic acid which was hydrolyzed by collagenase enzyme from Clostridium histolyticum at a temperature of 37 °C, and pH 7.0. During hydrolysis, the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was calculated and collagen hydrolysates were characterized by SDS -PAGE, UV-Visible spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. After characterization, the collagen hydrolisate of lamuru ( CHL) fish was analyzed for its antioxidant properties and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The result shows that a higher percentage degree of hydrolysis was obtained, 31.17%, at 120 min of hydrolysis. The CHL characterization by SDS -PAGE showed its molecular weight ranging from 35,000-180,000 Daltons and identified the collagen as type I. The UV-Vis analysis of CHL provided a maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 233 nm. At the same time, the FT-IR analysis showed the presence of amides I, II, and III, which confirms the formation of the collagen triple helix. For its bioactivity assay, the CHL shows that CHL provided DPPH radical reduction activity reaching 51.45±1.24% (IC50 at 485.9 µg/mL). The ferric reduction antioxidant power of CHL (FRAP value) showed a significant reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ with a value of 711.27 µM/g. The CHL inhibition activity of α-glucosidase enzyme IC50 was determined to be 574 µg/mL. Based on the antioxidant bioactivity and α-glucosidase inhibition, the collagen peptide enables its use as a therapeutic development for a variety of disorders caused by oxidative stress, such as diabetes mellitus.
Gestational Diabetes in Malaysia: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes
Authors: Cheong Lieng Teng , Foo Ken Yong , Ka Mun Lum , Shen Yung Toh , Chan Xuan Hii , Sivalingam Nalliah
Published: August 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy. In Malaysia, the prevalence, risk factors, and maternal/foetal outcomes vary somewhat among the local studies. In this systematic review of Malaysian studies, we synthesise relevant data from 13 journal articles (including 10,285 women with gestational diabetes). A meta-analysis of twelve datasets showed a prevalence of 21.5% (95% CI 17.3 to 25.9%, random effect model). Clinical factors in the mother found to increase her risk of GDM were consistent with international data. A meta-analysis of complications showed statistically significant increase for macrosomia (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.77 to 5.36) but not for pre-eclampsia (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.52 to 4.00) and caesarean delivery (OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.75). The high prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and documented adverse consequences support the need for universal screening of this condition in all pregnant women in Malaysia.
The Relationship between Economic Growth, Small and Medium Enterprises and the Number of Employees in Malaysia using Vine Copula Approach
Authors: Adan Mazmira , Hussain Saiful Izzuan
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates the dynamic linkages of dependency between economic growth, the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia represented by SMEs’ value-added, and the number of employees in Malaysia, shown by the total number of SMEs’ employees in Malaysia as an additional variable. A vine copula methods was used to assess the linkage between these three variables by utilizing the panel data sets from 1998-2017. The results confirmed that dependency modeling, using vine copulas, is useful for high dimensional distributions of binding affinity between these variables. Vine copulas provide a versatile and flexible approach to the study. The results show that there is a strong positive correlation among the variables. The dependence between the SMEs’ growth and the total number of employees is the strongest, followed by the dependence between SMEs’ growth and economic growth. This study also found that the interrelation among the variables and reliance structure is also influenced by the country’s economic system and situation.
Situational Analysis for COVID-19: Estimating Transmission Dynamics in Malaysia using an SIR-Type Model with Neural Network Approach
Authors: Jamiluddin Mohammad Subhi , Mohd Mohd Hafiz , Ahmad Noor Atinah , Musa Kamarul Imran
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 is a major health threat across the globe, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, and it is highly contagious with significant morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we examine the feasibility and implications of several phases of Movement Control Order (MCO) and some non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) strategies implemented by Malaysian government in the year 2020 using a mathematical model with SIR-neural network approaches. It is observed that this model is able to mimic the trend of infection trajectories of COVID-19 pandemic and, Malaysia had succeeded to flatten the infection curve at the end of the Conditional MCO (CMCO) period. However, the signs of ‘flattening’ with R0 of less than one had been taken as a signal to ease up on some restrictions enforced before. Though the government has made compulsory the use of face masks in public places to control the spread of COVID-19, we observe a contrasting finding from our model with regards to the impacts of wearing mask policies in Malaysia on R0 and the infection curve. Additionally, other events such as the Sabah State Election at the end of third quarter of 2020 has also imposed a dramatic COVID-19 burden on the society and the healthcare systems.
Islamist and Nativist Reactionary Radicalisation in Europe
Authors: Kaya Ayhan
Published: August 2021

In this article, the term “radicalisation” is discussed as a process that appears to be a defensive and reactionary response of various individuals suffering from social, economic, and political forms of exclusion, subordination, alienation, humiliation, and isolation. To that effect, the article challenges the mainstream understanding of radicalisation. In doing so, the work concentrates on the elaboration of reactionary radicalisation processes of self-identified Muslim youth and self-identified native youth residing in Europe. The main reason behind the selection of these two groups is the assumption that both groups are co-radicalizing each other in the contemporary world that is defined by the ascendance of a civilizational political discourse since the war in the Balkans in the 1990s. Based on the findings of in-depth interviews conducted with youngsters from both groups in Belgium, France, Germany, and the Netherlands, the work demonstrates that the main drivers of the radicalisation processes of these two groups cannot be explicated through the reproduction of civilizational, cultural, and religious differences. Instead, the drivers of radicalisation for both groups are very identical as they are both socio-economically, politically, and psychologically deprived of certain elements constrained by the flows of globalization and dominant forms of neo-liberal governance.
Reimagining the Medieval: The Utility of Ethnonational Symbols for Reactionary Transnational Social Movements
Authors: Godwin Matthew , Trischler Elisabeth
Published: August 2021

Scholars have explored the rise of far-right reactionary political parties in Europe over the last decade. However, social movements reflecting similar political orientations have rarely been conceptualized as “reactionary.” To better understand the political orientations of reactionary transnational social movements such as the Identitarians and the Defence Leagues, we explore how and why ethnonational symbols derived from the medieval period are utilized by adherents. This interdisciplinary investigation argues that, through processes of mediated political medievalism, ethnonational symbols are used as strategic framing devices to reimagine an idealized “golden age” of distinct European nations, to assign blame for the erosion of ethnonational identity through multiculturalism, immigration and “Islamization,” to establish an intergenerational struggle against the supposed incursion of Islam in Europe, and to proscribe and justify the use of violence as a means of re-establishing the primacy of European nations.
Post-Truth Politics, Digital Media, and the Politicization of the Global Compact for Migration
Authors: Conrad Maximilian
Published: August 2021

The debate over the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) in late 2018 showcases the crucial role of digital and, in particular, social media as vehicles of disinformation that populist actors can exploit in an effort to create resentment and fear in the public sphere. While mainstream political actors and legacy media initially did not address the issue, right-wing populist actors claimed ownership by framing (presumably obligatory) mass immigration as a matter of social, cultural, economic, and not least political risk, and created an image of political and cultural elites conspiring to keep the issue out of the public sphere. Initially advanced via digital and social media, such frames resonated sufficiently strongly in civil society to politicize the GCM in various national public spheres. In this article, these dynamics are explored by comparing the politicization of the GCM in three EU member states, namely Germany, Austria, and Sweden. Using a process-tracing design, the article (a) identifies the key actors in the process, (b) analyzes how the issue emerged in social and other digital media and travelled from digital media into mainstream mass media discourse, and finally (c) draws comparative conclusions from the three analyzed cases. Particular emphasis is placed on the frames used by right-wing populist actors, how these frames resonated in the wider public sphere and thereby generated communicative power against the GCM, ultimately forcing the issue onto the agenda of national public spheres and political institutions.
Angry Reactionary Narcissists? Anger Activates the Link Between Narcissism and Right-Populist Party Support
Authors: Mayer Sabrina Jasmin , Nguyen Christoph Giang
Published: August 2021

Even though previous research connected personality traits and support for radical-right populist parties (RRP), the question of which mechanisms connect these concepts is still underexplored. In particular, we focus on narcissistic rivalry, a maladaptive path of grandiose narcissism. Drawing on the affective intelligence framework and the narcissistic admiration and rivalry concept, we propose that the effect of rival narcissism on vote choice for the German Alternative für Deutschland is mediated by reactionary political orientations and activated by anger. Drawing on 2017 data from the mixed-mode representative GESIS panel (N = 2,552 & 1,901), we employ moderated mediation analyses. We show that reactionary political orientations mediate the relationship between narcissistic rivalry and RRP support. However, high levels of generalised anger are needed to activate the relationship between personality, reactionary values, and RRP support, whereas the mediating role of anti-immigrant sentiment is not affected by anger. Our study emphasises the role of anger in RRP support, thus showing that anger might explain why only some people with a specific predisposition support RRPs. The study also stresses the complexity of the relationship between personality, value orientations, and political behaviour.
Double Ressentiment: The Political Communication of Kulturkampf in Hungary
Authors: Kiss Balázs
Published: August 2021

Emotions have always been invested in politics. Politicians and politically biased public intellectuals manage citizens’ emotions for various purposes: to alienate them from the rival political camp and to make them participate in elections or in politics in general. Ressentiment is an affective style of great political potential and it is present throughout democratic European societies. By analysing the discourses of the culture war between the political camps in Hungary since 2018, this article presents the components, drivers, mechanisms, and some typical outcomes of ressentiment on the levels of the individual and the political communities. It argues that in political communication both political sides are trying to appeal to the citizens’ ressentiment. Both camps use communicative means to incite, channel, and reorient ressentiment by, e.g., scapegoating, identity work, and transvaluation to attract citizens, stabilize their own support, and nudge followers towards specific political activities.