bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defamation Laws and Practice in the Age of Internet in Albania
Authors: Leka Adrian
Published: December 2018

The picture of recent legal developments concerning defamation in Albania is mixed. On the one hand, several criminal defamation and insult statuteshave been abolishedsince 2012, following strong lobbying of human rights organizations. On the other, the application of criminal defamation laws has not stopped, while government officials and other high profile persons have discovered the power of civil defamation claims. Faced with intense criticism, the government has tried to re-introduce the abolished criminal defamation laws and has faced the same strong opposition and international outcry. In the meantime, defamation claims or threats thereof are routinely being used against the media or against the political opponent for the only purposes of creating tension and diffusing the attention of the public. The vagueness of the laws and the inconsistencies of judicial interpretation, helped in no little measure by judicial corruption and the political control of the judiciary, have widened the gap between constitutional and international guarantees of the freedom of speech and the actual enforcement of those guarantees. This article will briefly expose the history of defamation laws in Albania, the difficulties of their application, and the status of affairs concerning defamation laws and claims.
Minimalism in Literature - Musine Kokalari
Authors: Krasniqi Meliza
Published: December 2018

Musine Kokalari is first Albanian prose writer, who in 1941 was awarded the “Doctor of Literature” by the University of Rome. She started her literary creation with poetry and literary outlines published in newspapers and magazines of the time, also publishing within a few years the books “Siç më thotë nenua plakë” (1939), “...sa u tunt jeta” (1944) and “Rreth vatrës” (1944). In the summer of 1939, Musine wrote the prose “Siç më thotë nenua plakë”, published in September of that year in the printing house “Gutenberg” in Tirana. Kokalari’s work is dedicated to the world and spirit of women. Through her stories she builds the identity, discourse, psychology, fate and misfortune of women. Characters and the narrator are women. These ten texts are closely related to each other, thematically, structurally and formally. In this paper we strive to determine the minimalist form of these proses that emerge through a sui generis artistic narrative. Keywords: Albanian literature, prose, minimalism, Kokalari, small worlds
Developing Language Skills in Preschool Children through Games
Authors: Zymberaj Shpëtim
Published: December 2018

Preschool institution as a first level of the unified system of education bases its activity on the “student centered” philosophy of education which promotes different ideas from that of traditional education. Through organized activities in all its field activities foreseen in a curricula, the preschool institution with its structured environment in harmony with the goals and concrete objectives offers numerous possibilities to develop general abilities of children, which create appropriate conditions to prepare and offer optimal readiness to master the reading and writing skills. The activities that we handle and which aim accomplishment of this concrete objective come out and are supported by the living context of children in accordance to fulfillment and urging of the knowing interests for developing and deepening the knowledge of letters, sounds, reading and writing. In this view, children should not be imposed or prevent the interest they show in order to learn letters, sounds, reading and writing. Working with children of this age in order to understand and learn letters isn’t a program-based obligation because this is the school’s duty and not the preschool institution’s obligation. Obligations cause unwanted consequences which generate different psych-neurotic disorders. Overwork and heavy workload of these children, diminishes or misplaces children’s trust on possibilities of overcoming difficulties in learning basic letters, sounds, reading and writing. In addition, it diminishes and misplaces their interest in continuing school and the learning process. Therefore in order to prevent these negative consequences, there is an immediate need for a general preparation which offers children a possibility to transfer and generate skills in specific fields and content. The best strategy to prepare children to recognize letters, sounds and master reading and writing is no doubt activity through games which in this case represents the main substance for organizing activities in aspects of integrated education within preschool institutions.
Overview of Basic Terms of Technical Lexis of Mechanics in the Albanian Language
Authors: Pllana Gani , Pllana Sadete
Published: December 2018

The subject of the study in this paper is the basic terms of the field of mechanics as a broad field, understanding with this concept not only nouns with nominal base, like pair and kinematic pair, but also other units that can be called terms if they are seen from a certain perspective when connected to the system by terms of nouns or when expressing the specifics of the field as kinematics (adj.) - kinematic (adv.) - shifting (v.), in Albanian kinematik-e (mb.) – kinematikisht (ndajf.) – zhvendoset (fol.). As it is well known in the compilation of terminology dictionaries, both criteria apply, although it can be said that there is no definite stance on this problem. By appearing as single word units, on their own, as well as in wider compounded units (word group), these units serve as compound elements of around 70-80% of the whole Mechanics vocabulary, as they are in Albanian and respectively in English: mekanizëm XE "mekanizëm – mechanism, makin XE "makinëë – machine, hallkë XE "hallkë – link, zinxhir – chain, zhvendosje XE "zhvendosje – displacement, lëvizje XE "lëvizje" – motion XE "motion" , rrotullim XE "rrotullim – rotation, rrotulloj – rotate, rrotullues-e – rotary, kinematik-e – kinematic, kinematikisht – kinametically etc. All of this base vocabulary appears mainly in the basic subfields of Mechanics, in the Theory of Mechanics and in the Applied Mechanics in Machines, in the special subfields, as well as in the subfield of Mechanical Technology of automobiles, of heat technology etc., but it connects also with the base fields of knowledge which stands at the foundation of Mechanics, as with mathematics, geometry, physics, chemistry etc.
Development of Value Added Tax in Kosovo – Comparative and Research Aspects 2006-2017
Authors: Duraku Azem
Published: December 2018

This paper aims to present the progress and effects that Value Added Tax (VAT) may have on a country's economy. The efficient fiscal policies would enable a country to develop more rapidly, however it will all depend on the situation, economic state, and the power that the Republic of Kosovo has. VAT is a tax on consumption, and if seen from the buyer's point of view, it is a tax on the purchase price; while from the seller's point of view, it is a tax on the added value of the product or service. VAT revenues comprise the main part of Kosovo's budget financing, where comparative data from 2006 to 2017 are given in this paper, showing the extent of VAT participation in the total revenues of the state of Kosovo. Due to this, the tax system including the VAT, which was established by advancing in harmony with the EU directives and regulations, but maintaining the specific features of the state of Kosovo, has recently changed. Owing to legal changes, among others, the Government of Kosovo raised the VAT tax rate from 16% to 18% in most products, while reduced the VAT from 16% to 8% mainly on basic food products, medications. The state of affairs between the states is relatively different, being influenced by many factors, making it impossible to present consistent scale-level comparisons between them.
One Man’s Trash is Another Man’s Treasure: How the Circular Economy Contributes to Achieving SDGs -The Case of Used Tires in Spain
Authors: Mattero Marina , Centeno María Esperanza Calvo , Portillo María Del Pilar López
Published: December 2018

During the end of the 20th century and beginning of 21st century, there is a trend to evaluating the actions undertaken to improve the socio-economic environment in which we live, to achieve a greater level of wellbeing for all citizens. In the context of Stakeholder Theory, considering an organization should always operate towards creating positive value for society, the creation of the UN Global Compact and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals created a shift in many regions. The present study evaluates this context and how the implementation of circular economy policies has affected the achievement of SDGs in Spain. Specifically, the role of different private and public agents is evaluated in the tire manufacturing industry and the impact in each of the SDGs. Results show positive results as well as areas of improvement to further improve the roadmap towards achieving the 17 SDGs.
Fiscal Expenditure and Education Quality in China: A Regional Heterogeneity Analysis
Authors: Chen Yiyang , Zhang Fuxin
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we explore whether fiscal input brings the raise of regional education quality. To discuss this relationship, we employ Chinese provincial panel data ranged from 2008-2016. By constructing a two-way fixed effect model, we find that provincial education quality is positively associated with the fiscal expenditure, and more specifically, educational expenditure. This correlation is robust even we consider other important factors such economy growth, industrial structure and population structure. Besides, since the regional heterogeneity across China, the relationship between fiscal spending, and education quality may exhibit different patterns, we thus split our samples into eastern region and non-eastern region. Empirical results indicate that our main argument only exists in non-eastern area, which refers to the western area, where expanding fiscal expenditure would be more efficient for the government to raise provincial education quality. Meanwhile, fiscal policy would be less efficient to raise education quality for eastern area, thus new policy instrument is necessary.
Financing of Social Services for Children in Macedonia
Authors: Bogoevska Natasha , Trbojevik Svetlana , Georgievska Sofija
Published: December 2018

Over the last decade the social services sector in Macedonia has been involved in a reform processes in line with the strategic paths towards decentralization, deinstitutionalization and pluralization of social welfare. Children are in the main focus of the reform processes through twofold policy interventions: reduction of child poverty with incentives for improving range and amount of child benefits and advancement of social services for children facing social problems. Additionally, the reform processes were instigated by substantial budgetary allocations for administration of child benefits and delivery of social services for children followed by a critique for inappropriate targeting of children, undeveloped, low quality and expensive services for children mainly organized in massive residential institutions. Whereas, several researches had been carried out with focus on the quality of social services for children and coverage gaps, there is an insufficient evidence and analysis of the costs of services and their budgeting. This analysis is to serve the purpose of filling in the existing data gap through: (1) to map the existing social protection measures for children in Macedonia executed by state, non-governmental organizations and private service providers; (2) to identify the main mechanisms for financing social services for children and to provide clear insight into state financial support in the social services delivery and alternative child care support arrangements.
An Empirical Examination of the Export-Led Growth Theory Regarding Georgia
Authors: Belkania Davit , Karimov Mehman
Published: December 2018

This paper aims to justify the validity of the export-led growth hypothesis (ELG) for the transition economy like Georgia. The ELG theory implies the acceleration of an economic growth through the market openness in exchange for market expansion. The concept of the work lies in the following assumptions: Firstly, as a transition country, Georgia should prioritize private sector driven and export-led growth economy and secondly, the European integration process is the unprecedented opportunity for Georgia regarding export market expansion. The paper covers the time from 1990 to 2016; Engle-Granger cointegration and Granger causality tests were employed to trace the validity of the ELG hypothesis. The results confirmed the existence of at least one cointegration vector, as well as the bidirectional causality between economic growth and export, thus landed support on the validity of the ELG hypothesis regarding Georgian economy.
Concept for Common European TV Channel
Authors: Slavinski A. , Draganov Ivan
Published: December 2018

One of the problems, which lies ahead of the EU and the European Integration is how can people from different nationalities learn more about each other. In this problem, there is a severe lacking of progress. Thus, in light of European’s people natural desire of better understanding and successful collaboration in the advancement of common European values, comes the need of a Pan-European TV channel. ТV PanEurope+ will help in an effective way for the common understanding of the history, the culture, the tourism, the customs of the European people.
Processes of European (Dis)Integration in Context of New Medievalism
Authors: Spalińska Aleksandra
Published: December 2018

What is the source of the European Union’s crisis? Are disintegrating tendencies so serious? How the scope and content of member states’ sovereignty has changed within the years of integration process? The paper puts out a thesis that the answer to these questions can be found in the concept of new medievalism. This concept allows us to look at the EU from the perspective of historiosophy and civilization studies as well as globalization processes and qualitative changes in international politics. More broadly, this concept concerns the entire West, regarding social, political and economic changes which affect the position of western civilization in terms of its global domination. The “New Middle Ages” (another name for “new medievalism” in civilization studies) also refers to the European integration theory, providing a fresh look at the European history (this concept strongly refers to history) and interpretation of the presence at once. In the field of European Studies known is model of Europe as neo-medieval Empire, which provides the theoretical apparatus for research on changes of politics and power in Europe. The concept of new medievalism also investigates the risks of disintegration – that’s why it helps to understand the possible consequences of EU’s breakup. The aim of the paper is to present the interpretations of new medievalism, regarding the causes and possible outcomes of EU’s disintegration.
Set of Data Elements for Nautical Charts Cataloging: Analysis Between the RDA Scheme and the IDERA Metadata Profile
Authors: Stubbs Edgardo
Published: December 2018

The nautical chart is a cartographic resource designed to meet the requirements of maritime navigation, showing the depth of the water and the nature of the seabed, as well as the configuration, features and elevation of the coast and the dangers and aids to navigation. The nautical charts provide a graphic representation of the information required by the navigator to carry out safe navigation. The organization and description of this type of resources is a key element when accessing information. From the scope of librarianship, the current scheme for the processing of information is the RDA standards Resource, description and access), which allow the description of all kinds of information resources. On the other hand, geospatial organizations have developed different specific metadata schemes for the processing of spatial information. Metadata allows a producer to describe a dataset fully so that users can understand the assumptions and limitations and evaluate the dataset's applicability for their intended use. In Argentina, the scheme for processing this kind of information is called IDERA, which is based on the ISO 19115: Standards on geographic information. The present work analyzes the treatment that specific rules of metadata like IDERA and general norms of description of resources like RDA give to the set of specific data present in the digital nautical charts. Methodology: from the identification of data elements that allow to describe and identify nautical charts as information resources a comparative table between both schemes was developed. Results: Neither of the two schemes has contemplated the totality of data element set established for the identification of nautical charts. The RDA scheme managed to better satisfy the description and identification of nautical charts that IDERA, although neither of them contemplate 100% the established data elements set. Conclusions and recommendations: 1) According to the above, neither of the two schemes to process the information complies in its entirety with the information contained in the nautical charts. 2) Some data elements do not fit in any of the two schemes, reducing visibility and information retrieval of the two schemes for processing information, RDA are those that allow a more complete description of the resource, although in a general, non-specific way. 3) The specialized spatial data scheme (IDERA) leaves out important data elements of this kind of resources. 4) IDERA metadata profile, although it was thought for spatial data does not include the special characteristics of the different resources that make it up. 5) It is advisable to develop a metadata profile that, in addition to contemplating the general characteristics of geospatial resources, includes the particularities of each class of its resources
Impoliteness Strategies and Gender Differences among Disney Modern Protagonists
Authors: Benabdellah Fatima Zohra
Published: December 2018

Disney Animation industry has grown, over the years, as a powerful producer of youth media and generator of visual culture. Its animation films break into the world’s living-room screens and mesmerize young spectators with a fantasy world full of life, magic and colors, where love and happiness are everlasting. The genre of anime, through a series of images, creates a link between the child and characters; a desirable image of self-seeing oneself reflected and experienced by the story characters, mediates how the spectator wants to be seen by others. Hence, these fe/male protagonists cross from being plain characters to become “Role Models” promoting impolite social norms and gender performances through their discursive practices. This research is concerned with the study of how modern fe/male highest grossing Disney characters use language to shape social identities through their impolite discourse and gender behaviors; By drawing on Culpeper’s (2010) ‘Model of Impoliteness Formulae’. The results of the model will be further examined with language and gender theories in order to uncover how both genders (females and males) use impoliteness strategies to re/produce and maintain their power relations. Keywords: Disney, role models, impoliteness, gender, power
Tackling Multiculturalism or Strengthening Subcultures: the Macedonian Case
Authors: Dashtevski Aleksandar , Grncharovski Gorjan
Published: December 2018

There is no general formula about what multiculturalism means exactly, and which rights it should encompass. It needs to be considered from various aspects. In the case of Macedonia, there are several ethnic groups in it that are in the vicinity of their home countries, which seek to protect their nationals from repression and discrimination. However, Albania is the most aggressive one and, in spite of direct contacts with Macedonian politicians from the Albanian ethnic group, it often interferes with the internal affairs of the Macedonian state. Although in Macedonia all collective rights are given to the ethnic minorities, including much more than what constitutes an international standard in Europe and in the world, in accordance with the Ohrid Framework Agreement of 2001, implemented in the state’s constitution, relations do not seem to be improving. On the contrary, other rights are constantly being sought, even higher than those set for the majority population in the country. On the other hand, the establishment of increased rights in the constitution and laws does not lead to coexistence and relaxation of the relations between the Macedonian and the Albanian communities. On the contrary, the Albanians are becoming ghettoized and live in separate communities, where they create their own subculture. Such behavior leads to greater segregation, which can create cantonization or federalization of the unitary state.
The International Court of Justice and the Macedonian –Greek Case
Authors: Ahmedi Bujar , Ahmeti Besian
Published: December 2018

In the international law there is often a mention of the peaceful arrangements of international disputes. The resolution of international disputes is also part of the most important principles of international law. Given the historical development of international law, we observe that states that have been subjected to the fictitious subjects of international law have often had disputes between them on interrelated issues. For these differences between states to be provided international law different mechanisms are being considered in order to resolve disputes and diplomatic aids and in some cases also judicial means that serve to resolve these disputes. This paper presents the dispute between Macedonia and Greece regarding the issue of the name where the role of the international community has been extremely important by putting its diplomacy at its disposal with the sole aim of reaching a resolution of the parties'.
Aspects from the Parliamentary Elections’ Campaign of 1925 in the Prefecture of Elbasan
Authors: Mita Rudina
Published: December 2018

The first parliamentary election campaign in Albania was held in March – April 1921. This constituted innovation for Albania, since it was considered as a country with a fragile democracy and parliamentarism. The second experience was in December 1923, in the framework of the elections of the Constitutional Assamble, as the institution that would determine the kind of regime in Albania. In January 1924, after the Konstitutional Assamble fulfilled its mission, it changed into Parliament, which executed its activity in two periods 21 January – 2 June; December 1924 – 2 March 1925. The bourgeois-democratic revolution that prevailed in june 1924, continued up to the end of the same year. On 21 January 1925, the constitutional assamble declared the Parliamentary Republic of Albania, with president Ahmet Zogu; on 31 of January there were enacted the first articles of the Republican Status. The new Parliament consisted of two rooms, the Senate and the chamber of deputies. This new system lasted for a short period of time, and it constituted a unique experience in the history of Albanian parliamemtarism. The law concerning the parliamentary elections was enacted on 14 of March 1925. According to the law the elections would be realized at two levels. The opposition and the independent deputies were missing. The parliamentary election campaign in Elbasan, local characteristics, candidates, th two levels of voting, the results and its importance constitute the topic of this paper. The paper is based on archived and media documents, as well as the memorial one.
Confidentiality - A Two-Appeal Principle
Authors: Kullolli Dr. Brunela
Published: December 2018

This article analysis relates to the creation of conditions for the conclusion of the contract.This is the moment when the negotiating parties determine whether there will be a contract or not. This is the stage that in the best case is finalized with the contract signing.Known as the pre-contractual stage, it is considered as the foundation of the contractual relationship.Conduct in good faith at the stage of entering into a contract would also avoid causing potential damages and liability".- The first part gives , of Completion of the contract in good faith, is a legal requirement under the Civil Laë tradition, but unlike the requirement for pre-contractual trust, finds place in the Common Law tradition.In this part of the study, the detailed treatment of the manner of performance of the contract will be set aside, focusing mainly on the obligations that dictate its fulfillment in good faith and the liability incurred in the event of its absence . The second part is concentrated, Contract Interpretation. The third part will be treated as a brief and comparative overview of the common law of Civil Law in the interpretation of the contract, taking into account the main interpretative criteria, to underline the main differences between them. Among all the criteria, the focus will be on trust, which is sanctioned as a special criterion of interpretation by the Civil Law countries. The fourth part analysis the validity of the contract.In this last part of the chapter, I will try to clarify the confusion created between the rules of contract validity and the rules of conduct, as well as the role and impact of the breach of the trust principle in the validity of the contract. Conclusions .Regarding the situations that arise for the damage that comes to the parties from non-fulfillment of obligations and breach of the principle of good faith during the contract's formation, it is necessary to clarify how the type of damage that came during the pre-contractual phase and which interest has failed to realize one of the parties. In fact, this is a genuine duty of the court which, as the case may be, must specify exactly: the responsibility of the parties, the interest that has been violated, the type of damage that has been caused.Keywords: contract law ,internal law ,contractual relation,internal contract interpretation, civil law
Silver Surfers and New Media: Experiences, Thoughts and Observations of Elder People about Internet
Authors: Birsen Haluk
Published: December 2018

The effects of internet over media had changed either content production of mass media or audience way of using media. The breaking point created by internet has caused to call Radio, television and newspaper as “traditional media” while creating new media.The passive audience of traditional media had gained an active role by spread of Internet. New audience or user had gain content producer role for new media. There are considerable effects of Social Network Sites on content producing. Social network sites which are simulating social networks existing in public life, had give a new dimension to interpersonal communication with the help of asynchronous, independent from place and continuously opened communication channel. Another word, the interpersonal communication carried to public sphere had become a content of mass communication. When the technology had kept in step with this new situation, audience had increased rapidly. This development had caused wider the age range. Different genders are using new media and especially social network sites for many reasons such as to communicate, to get information, to get news and research. Different generations can show different adaptation levels to new media. It is a reality that people met Internet in early age or people who born in this new era are easily and completely adopted the new technology. The other side of this reality is elder people who had grown up with traditional media cannot easily adopt new media and its technology. That’s why digital nomads and digital migrants discrimination is made. Researches are show that numbers of digital migrants are increasing. These increases show itself especially on to have new technology. This study aims to appear the observations, experience and thoughts of elder people (55 and up) about Internet and using technology. To reach this aim deep interview method are used on 6 women and 6 men who own new media technologies.
Conformational Sampling and Polarization of Asp26 in pKa Calculations of Thioredoxin
Authors: Llanos Aharon Gomez , Vöhringer-Martinez Esteban
Published: December 2018

Thioredoxin is a protein that has been used as model system by various computational methods to predict the pKa of aspartate residue Asp26 which is 3.5 units higher than a solvent exposed one (e.g Asp20). Here, we use extensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of two different protonation states of Asp26 in combination with conformational analysis based on RMSD clustering and principle component analysis to identify representative conformations of the protein in solution. For each conformation the Gibbs free energy of proton transfer between Asp26 and Asp20, which is fully solvated in a loop region of the protein, is calculated with the Amber99sb force field in alchemical transformations. The varying polarization of the two residues in different molecular environments and protonation states is described by Hirshfeld-I (HI) atomic charges obtained from the averaged polarized electron density. Our results show that the Gibbs free energy of proton transfer is dependent on the protein conformation, the proper sampling of the neighbouring Lys57 residue orientations and on water molecules entering the hydrophobic cavity upon deprotonating Asp26. The inclusion of the polarization of both aspartate residues in the free energy cycle by the HI atomic charges improves the results from the nonpolarizable force field and reproduces the experimental pKa value of Asp26.
Cavity Catalysis by Co-operative Vibrational Strong Coupling of Reactant and Solvent Molecules
Authors: Lather Jyoti , Bhatt Pooja , Thomas Anoop , Ebbesen Thomas W. , George Jino
Published: December 2018

para-nitrophenyl acetate hydrolysis is studied under vibrational strong coupling in a Fabry-Perot cavity. By tuning the cavity resonance to the C=O vibrational stretching mode of both the reactant and solvent molecules, it is found that the reaction is accelerated by an order of magnitude. It is shown that this cavity catalysis involves a co-operative strong coupling effect between the solvent and reactant molecules. The reaction rate follows an exponential relation with respect to the solvent coupling strength. The combination of co-operative effects and cavity catalysis confirms the potential of VSC as a new frontier in chemistry.
From Schoolgirls to “Virtuous” Khmer Women: Interrogating Chbab Srey and Gender in Cambodian Education Policy
Authors: Anderson Emily , Grace Kelly
Published: December 2018

Chbab Srey (Code of Conduct for Women) is an important piece of Khmer literature outlining expected behavior for girls and women in Cambodia. Pieces of the poem are taught in secondary school and interwoven into the educational experiences of girls and female teachers, yet there is little research on Chbab Srey in education. Using discourse analysis, this article considers the influence of Chbab Srey on gender-related education policy in Cambodia. This research highlights the juxtaposition of Chbab Srey and gender mainstreaming in education policy and in the curricular experiences of girls and teachers in Cambodia, and introduces an unexamined and culturally coveted piece of Cambodian curriculum to the fields of teacher-related policy and girls’ education.
Cellphilming in Four ATVET Colleges: A Mirror, Reflecting Gender Issues in Ethiopia (Dispatch)
Authors: Sadati Seyed Mohammad Hani
Published: December 2018

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On Being an Activist: Silence, Technology and Feminist Solidarity in South Asia (Dispatch)
Authors: Ali Nosheen
Published: December 2018

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New Directions for Assessing Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) in Schools: A Bottom-Up Approach to Measuring Program Success (Dispatch)
Authors: Haver Jacquelyn , Long Jeanne L , Caruso Bethany A , Dreibelbis Robert
Published: December 2018

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Unsettled Expectations: Uncertainty, Land and Settler Decolonization (Book Review)
Authors: Bourgeois Robyn
Published: December 2018

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Remembering Jackie, Ten Years On (Guest Editors’ Introduction)
Authors: Farr Vanessa , Mitchell Claudia , Sommer Marni
Published: December 2018

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Interleukin-33 and Osteoprotegerin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Chronic Periodontitis and Their Correlation to Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tarrad Nayroz , Abdelkawy Maha , Shaker Olfat
Published: December 2018

Background: This study investigates the presence of interleukin (IL)-33 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples of patients with chronic periodontitis and whether or not they are correlated with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Sixty subjects were included in this study: 20 chronic periodontitis patients (CP), 20 diabetic chronic periodontitis patients (CPDM) and 20 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. GCF and saliva samples were collected from all participants. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for assaying IL-33 and OPG levels. Analysis of variance was used to compare means of the CP and CP-DM groups with the control. Correlation analyses were performed to find the value of Spearman's correlation. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the cut-off values of the markers to differentiate between the groups. Areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were compared using z-statistic. Results: IL-33, in both GCF and saliva, was significantly higher in the CP and CP-DM groups compared to the control, and significantly higher in the CP-DM group compared to the CP group in saliva. On the other hand, the level of OPG in GCF and saliva was significantly lower in the CP and CP-DM groups compared to the control, but was of no significance when comparing the CP-DM and CP groups. Conclusion: IL-33 seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, while OPG may have a protective function. Diabetes may affect and influence the expression of IL-33. Thus, they could be utilized as diagnostic biomarkers for chronic periodontitis either in saliva or GCF.
LONGITUDINAL DATA ANALYSIS OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ACCORDING TO WATER LEVELS
Authors: PEREIRA Omar Cléo Neves , PEREIRA Paulo Vitor da Costa , BERTONHA Altair , PREVIDELLI Isolde Terezinha Santos
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the accumulated evapotranspiration of stevia, planted in 40 pots, over a period of 27 days according to four irrigation levels through a nonlinear mixed eects model and, with this model, to verify if we can maximize the stevia's evapotranspiration with a lower than usual water level. When the humidity of the substrate reached 50% of its maximum capacity retention, we added water to raise the humidity according to the four treatments: W1 = 62:5%; W2 = 75:0%; W3 = 87:5%; W4 = 100:0%. Although the crop production depends on the availability of water in the soil, there is a limit for the total yield. The water levels, W3 and W4, resulted in similar total accumulated evapotranspiration, while all the last three water levels, W2, W3 and W4 had close shoot dry matter masses at the end of the experiment. We showed that is possible to nd an optimal level of crop production with a rational use of the available water resources.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR MODELING HYPSOMETRIC RELATIONSHIPS OF Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea Barr. & Golf.
Authors: GUERA Ouorou Ganni Mariel , SILVA José Antônio Aleixo , FERREIRA Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo , MEDEL Héctor Barrero , LAZO Daniel Álvarez
Published: December 2018

The present study was carried out to compare the performances of regression models and Artificial Neural  Networks (ANNs) in hypsometric relationships modeling and to analyze the influence of ANN type  and sample size on ANN performance. The database was consisted by 65 circular plots of 500 m² in which  Diameter at Breast Height - DBH (cm) and Total Height - Ht (m) of 2538 trees were measured in plantations of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea in Macurije forest company, Cuba. The study was carried out in three  stages: i) Fit of traditional hypsometric models and sigmoidal growth models; ii) ANNs training and comparison of the selected ANN with the regression model selected; iii) Analysis of sample size and ANN type influences on the estimates precision by means of a completely random experimental design with 5x2 factorial arrangement, with the factors sample size (N) and ANN type (R). The results indicated that the best equation to estimate trees heights was that of Gompertz. The ANNs MLP 1-4-1 and MLP 8-4-1 were superior to the selected equation (Gompertz). Multi-Layer Perceptron ANNs generated more accurate estimates and their performances were less influenced by the sample size.
SPATIAL STUDY OF INCIDENCE RATES OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS IN BRAZIL FROM 2002 TO 2012
Authors: MAIA André Luis Santiago , GOMES Gecynalda Soares da Silva , ALMEIDA Isabelle Galdino de
Published: December 2018

The intensive process of economic growth and job creation in Brazil in the last years is often associated an important dimension where this process is far drop satisfactory: the high incidence rates of occupational accidents. Important instruments can be constructed from the quantitative study considering possible changes caused by economic dynamics over the years. We conducted exploratory spatial data analysis  (ESDA) and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to analyze the spatial distribution of this rate in order to identify critical regions in Brazil. Data were extracted from the Brazilian Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE) and from the Brazilian Ministry of Social Security websites for the years from 2002 to 2012. Results show that the incidence rate of occupational accidents in Brazil is distributed in a geographically non-random manner and municipalities with high rates tends to cluster.
Framed for Lying: Statistics as In/Artistic Proof
Authors: Libertz Daniel
Published: December 2018

A statistic can be a powerful rhetorical tool in political discourse, but it can also be quickly dismissed by a resistant audience. This article argues that the statistic’s association with Aristotelian inartistic proof (in Greek: pisteis atechnoi, Lat. probationes inartificiales) can, counterintuitively, encourage resistant audiences to be dismissive, to think that statistics “lie.” By drawing from the concept of framing in media studies, I explore how the language used around a calculation can better serve readers when it is more explicit about the statistic’s creation from a social process—that it is invented rather than used in argument. If statistics rely on interpretation, rhetors should invite their audience to interpret rather than insist on an interpretation. I use examples from news articles covering immigration in the United States to explore a frame that does such insisting and a frame that invites.
Retoryczne znaczenie liczb palindromicznych w Biblii
Authors: Tomecki Karol
Published: December 2018

Obrazowość liczb palindromicznych w Biblii służyć może za klasyczną perorę, jako dosadna eksplikacja w postaci dosłownie przytoczonych liczebników. Ale zapis liczbowy to rzadki i szczególny przypadek. Częściej chodzi o strukturalny „kod” w rozkładzie geometrycznym, organizujący wypowiedź retoryczną i umożliwiający funkcjonowanie jej na obszarze różnych języków.
Seeing Bullshit Rhetorically: Human Encounters and Cultural Values
Authors: Shedletsky Leonard
Published: December 2018

This essay explores the idea that calling bullshit exemplifies Mercier and Sperber”s social intuitionist theory. It discusses a range of empirical research related to bullshit, including belief in the worldviews of Individualist vs. Communitarian and Hierarchical vs. Egalitarian with regard to accepting and rejecting ideas. Calling bullshit fits well with using the heuristics of like/not like and cognitive mechanisms of debunking misinformation.
Potensi Ekstrak Daun Carica Pubescens Sebagai Alternatif Antidiare Bakteri Vibrio cholerae dan Shigella dysentriae
Authors: Astuti Tri Dyah , Hadi Wahid Syamsul
Published: December 2018

Diare akut merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas. Masyarakat mulai memilih obat tradisional atau obat herbal sebagai pengobatan alternatif. Obat tradisional atau obat herbal dinilai lebih aman dan tidak memberikan efek samping seperti obat kimia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek anti diare ekstrak daun Carica pubescens terhadap bakteri Vibrio cholerae dan Shigella dysentriae. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menguji aktivitas bakteri Vibrio cholerae dan Shigella dysentriae terhadap ekstrak daun Carica pubescens dengan metode sumuran yang hasilnya dapat dilihat dari terbentuknya zona hambat. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan statistik uji Two Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun Caricap pubescens konsentrasi 100% mempunyai efek terapi terbaik karena mempunyai daya hambat terbesar terhadap bakteri Vibrio cholerae maupun Shigella dysentriae.
Statüleri ve Mahiyetleri Açısından Osmanlı Ekonomisinde Büyük Çiftlikler (18. Yüzyıl)
Authors: KARADEMİR Zafer
Published: December 2018

Osmanlı imparatorluğunun iktisadi

yapısı ağırlıklı olarak toprak üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Bu yapıda tarım ve

hayvancılık genelde tımar düzeni içinde faaliyet gösterirken bu alanda kendi

yatırımlarını yapmak isteyen özel girişimci kesimler de boy göstermişlerdir. Bu

sivil gruplardan birisi de büyük çiftlik sahibi sermayedarlardır.Bu makale, 18. yüzyılda Osmanlı coğrafyasında

tarımsal ve hayvansal üretimin güçlü temsilcilerinden biri olan büyük

çiftliklerin girişken sahiplerini ve onların çiftlik ünitelerinin genel

niteliklerini incelemektedir. Çalışma, büyük çiftliklerin çalışanlarını, gelir

ve giderlerini değerlendirmekte ve bu perspektiften genel üretim- tüketim

düzeninin işleyişine katkılarını irdelemektedir. Makalede sınırları, sahipleri,

statüleri, işlevleri belirlenebilmiş çiftlikler ele alınmaktadır ve çift ile

sürülen küçük zirai alanları içeren, ticari olarak büyümeye müsait olmayan

örnekler araştırmaya dâhil edilmemiştir. Araştırmanın ilgilendiği çiftlikler finansal

olarak genişlemeye dönük faaliyetler içinde olan ve kâr amacı güden özerk ve

özel olanlardır. Çalışmanın arşiv kaynakları Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi’nde yer

alan belgelerdir.
A PERCEPÇÃO DOS CLIENTES DE UMA EMPRESA DE GRANDE PORTE QUANTO À USABILIDADE DO APLICATIVO DE CARTÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE RONDONÓPOLIS-MT.
Authors: Ossuna Vanessa Da Silva , Pugas Maurício Alves Rodrigues
Published: December 2018

Ao entender a experiência dos clientes pode-se levar a tomar decisões mais assertivas de forma a interagir da melhor forma possível com o público almejado. As pessoas buscam facilidade e rapidez no uso dos aplicativos de modo que os acessos devam ser simples e intuitivos. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é o de identificar e analisar a experiência dos clientes quanto a usabilidade do aplicativo do cartão de compras em uma empresa do setor varejista no município de Rondonópolis – MT. Esta pesquisa é qualitativa, e para a coleta de dados foram utilizados um questionário eletrônico aplicado em 110 clientes, e a utilização da técnica netnográfica para a categorização da página do Facebook da empresa. Após a análise dos dados pode concluir que as dificuldades encontradas pelos clientes são determinadas principalmente pela lentidão ao acessar o aplicativo de cartão e a necessidade de demonstração de como utilizar o aplicativo de forma rápida e simples atendendo assim as expectativas de ambos ao obterem processos operacionais de forma eficiente e objetiva.
Abdominal Cerrahide Anestezi
Authors: ÇARDAKÖZÜ Tülay , AKSU Can
Published: December 2018

Günümüzde teknoloji, cerrahi ve anestezideki gelişmeler ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyat sonrası hasta bakımında ilerlemelere neden olmuş ve artık cerrahi en son başvurulan tedavi yöntemi olmaktan çıkmıştır. Abdominal cerrahiye yönelik girişimler mide, safra, karaciğer, dalak, pankreas, ince bağırsak ve kalın bağırsaktaki hastalıkları kapsamakta ve ileri yaş grubunda cerrahi gerektiğinde komorbid hastalıkları nedeniyle ilave sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Acil olduğu durumlarda bu sorunlar daha da artmaktadır. Bu derlemede abdominal cerrahi yapılacak hastalarda perioperatif anestezi yönetimini anlatmayı amaçladık.
Gecikmiş Umbilikal Kord Klempleme ve Kord Sıvazlama Uygulamalarinin Prematüre Yenidoğanlarda Etkileri
Authors: BATMAN Deniz , ÇOBAN Ayden
Published: December 2018

Prematüre
yenidoğanlar fizyolojik ve yapısal olarak matür yenidoğanlardan farklıdır ve
mortalite ve morbidite açısından yüksek riske sahiptirler. Doğumda gecikmiş kord
klempleme ve göbek kordu sıvazlanması uygulamalarıyla prematürelerde yeterli
kan hacmi ve etkili dolaşımın sağlanmasının yanında birçok fayda
sağlanabilmektedir. Erken doğumun beraberinde getirdiği sağlık sorunlarını
azaltma ve önleme üzerinde geç klempleme ve sıvazlama uygulamalarının etkili
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mevcut kanıtlar, geç kord klemplemesinin prematüre
yenidoğanlardaki intraventriküler kanama, sepsis, nekrotizan enterokolit, kan transfüzyonu
ihtiyacı, mortalite ve yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatış gibi komplikasyonları
azalttığı yönündedir. Ayrıca prematürelerde kord sıvazlamasının kan
transfüzyonu ihtiyacını azalttığı, morbidite oranını düşürdüğü ve oksijen ihtiyacını
azalttığı bilinmektedir. Tüm bu faydalara rağmen, geç klempleme ve sıvazlama
uygulamalarının klinikte rutin olarak uygulanmasının önünde hala engeller
bulunmaktadır. Acil resüstasyonun gecikme düşüncesi engellerin başında yer
almaktadır. Ayrıca bu iki uygulamadan hangisinin daha etkin olduğu ve klinik
uygulamada hangi durumlarda tercih edileceği de oldukça önemli bir konudur. Bu
derlemenin amacı, prematüre yenidoğanlarda doğum odasında umbilikal kord
klempleme süresi ve kord sıvazlama uygulamaları ve etkileri hakkında literatür
bilgisi kapsamında bilgi vermektir.
Crack Growth Behavior through Wall Pipes under Impact Loading And Moisten Environment
Authors: Khaled Ali Jamal , Abdul Hussain Ahmed
Published: December 2018

This search concerns study the crack growth in the wall of pipes made of low carbon steel under the impact load and using the effect of moisture (rate of moisture 50%). The environmental conditions were controlled using high accuracy digital control with sensors. The pipe has a crack already. The test was performed and on two type of specimens, one has a length of 100cm and other have length 50cm. The results were, when the humidity was applied to the pipe, the crack would enhance to grow (i.e. the number of cycles needed to grow the crack will reduce). In addition, when the test performed on the specimens of length 50cm the number of cycles needed to grow the crack is increased due to the effect of bending stress on the pipes.
Abrasive Wear Characteristics of Composite Material (AA 7075 / SiC) Synthesized by Stir Casting
Authors: Salman Khansaa Dawood
Published: December 2018

Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (ALMMCs) was prepared by using stir casting technique for AA 7075 aluminum alloy as a matrix reinforced with SiC particles at various percentages (3, 6, 9 and 12 wt. % ) and 75µm in grain size. The prepared composite material can be used for many applications such as aerospace, automobiles and many industrial sectors. Abrasive wear test was carried out by two stages: the first stage was done by changing the emery papers at various grit sizes 180, 320, 500, and 1000µm with constant applied load 15N. While the second stage was carried out by changing the applied loads 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25N with constant emery paper at 320 µm grit size. Microstructure examination, hardness test and roughness test were performed before and after abrasive wear test. The results of this investigation showed the increasing in weight percentage of the reinforcement material leads to increase the hardness, roughness and improving the abrasive wear resistance.