bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological and molecular identification of Beauveria bassiana from agricultural soils
Authors: U Norjmaa , D Nasamdulam , B Enkhjargal , D Banzragch
Published: September 2020

The soil environment is an important reservoir for a wide variety of entomopathogenic fungi, which can significantly contribute to the control of insect populations, especially on agricultural pests. Comparison of entomopathogens with conventional chemical pesticides, there are advantages in using biological control agents, such as human safety and other non-target organisms; pesticide residues are minimized in food and biodiversity increased in managed ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to detect and identify the entomopathogenic fungi from agriculture soils based on morphological and molecular identification. Total of 115 soil samples were collected in spring (before sowing) from different crop fields in “Unjin” and “Nart” Research and Education Centers of the university, which are located in Bornuur sum, Tuv Province from 2016 to 2018. Isolation of entomopathogenic fungus, Вeauveria bassiana was isolated using Dilution plate method in Peptone Dextrose Agar Yeast. Based on microscopic observation, hyphae branched and formed conidiogene cells, and single cell В. bassiana conidium was round and tend to oval with hyaline color. Colonies on PDAY were white to pale yellow and sometimes red pigments in reverse. Using PCR method with primer specific for identification В. bassiana, molecular analysis confirmed that all six isolates has same size of band which, appeared on agarose gel.
Cinema e Educação: os filmes e o ensino de história na educação básica municipal de Aracaju
Authors: Carvalho Daniel Bramo Nascimento de , Linhares Ronaldo Nunes
Published: September 2020

O presente texto trata da relação intrínseca entre os filmes e o ensino de história na educação básica. Para isso, recorremos as sugestões de filmes encontradas nos livros didáticos utilizados por professores e alunos na rede pública de ensino do município de Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil. A metodologia aplicada para o estudo foi de estudo de caso múltiplo, considerando a existência de múltiplas realidades dentro de uma mesma rede de ensino. O levantamento de dados ocorreu por meio de aplicação de questionários com 26 professores e por execução de entrevistas, com 10 professores. Os resultados mostram que na rede, sete coleções diferentes são utilizadas para a disciplina de história onde 92% dos professores afirmam conhecer as sugestões dos livros, mas apenas 30% fazem um uso significativo dos filmes em sala de aula, de tal modo que não conseguem abranger um uso mais efetivo dos dispositivos fílmicos em sala de aula. Desta forma, concluímos que é necessário nos atentar mais para as possiblidades que as produções cinematográficas podem oferecer para a educação, afirmando a sua importância para a formação básica intelectual e sociocultural dos sujeitos alunos.
Identifying the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles in the process of construction projects implementation
Authors: Waniewska Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

Contemporary dynamic development in the field of modern technologies affects the development of unmanned aerial vehicles. The potential application area of this type of technology is constantly growing. The equipment is available to almost everyone and its use is becoming ever easier. The aim of the article is to present the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles in construction projects, for economic and time reasons, as well as to perform work in places that are inaccessible or too dangerous for humans. The article is the result of literature research, expert opinions and author’s own analyses. The article draws attention to the fact that unmanned aerial vehicles may have a number of applications and unlimited possibilities. The use of modern technologies enables flights at different heights and within many kilometers. Due to the fact that they are equipped with various types of cameras, they constitute a useful observation tool in various projects. The authors of the article conduct research on the wide application of unmanned aerial vehicles in construction projects.
Modern weapon systems equipped with stabilization systems: division, development objectives, and research problems
Authors: Dorczuk Maciej
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the results of theoretical analyses and literature review in the field of construction of remotely and manually controlled weapon systems used by the Polish Armed Forces as well as foreign turret systems. The paper also contains information, not available in the teaching literature, concerning division of weapon systems and development objectives in terms of weapon stabilization systems used in manually and remotely controlled turret systems.
Padé Approximation to Solve the Problems of Aerodynamics and Heat Transfer in the Boundary Layer
Authors: Andrianov Igor , Shatrov Anatoly
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, we describe the applications of asymptotic methods to the problems of mathematical physics and mechanics, primarily, to the solution of nonlinear singular perturbed problems. We also discuss the applications of Padé approximations for the transformation of asymptotic expansions to rational or quasi-fractional functions. The applications of the method of matching of internal and external asymptotics in the problem of boundary layer of viscous gas by means of Padé approximation are considered.
Actinobacteria: Potential Candidate as Plant Growth Promoters
Authors: Hayat Sumreen , Ashraf Asma , Aslam Bilal , Asif Rizwan , Muzammil Saima , Asif Zahoor Muhammad , Waseem Muhammad , Riaz Malik Imran , Khurshid Mohsin , Afzal Muhammad , Saqalein Muhammad , Hussnain Siddique Muhammad , Muzammil Aqsa , Sabir Sumera
Published: September 2020

Plant growth enhancement using plant beneficial bacteria has been viewed in the sustainable agriculture as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. Actinobacteria, among the group of important plant-associated bacteria, have been widely studied for its plant growth promotion activities. Actinobacteria are considered as a limelight among agriculturists for their beneficial aspects toward plants. They are naturally occurring spore-forming bacteria inhabiting the soil and known for their plant growth-promoting and biocontrol properties. The mechanisms behind these activities include nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and other attributes such as antifungal production of metabolites, phytohormones, and volatile organic compound. All these activities not only enhance the plant growth but also provide resistance in plants to withstand unfavorable conditions of the environment. Hence, this chapter emphasizes on the plant growth traits of actinobacteria and how far it was studied for enhanced growth and bio-fortification.
Business Climate: When Weakness Means Foreign Direct Divestment
Authors: E. García-Bolívar Omar
Published: September 2020

This chapter is about weak business climate as a cause for foreign direct divestment. The aim is to show the connection between a poor business climate and foreign direct divestment. The methodology used entails a review of the different factors of the business climate such as the ease to do business, corruption, and rule of law. A review of the UNCTAD foreign direct investment flow as compared to the business climate indicators to determine a pattern is also part of the methodology. The chapter highlights the externalities of foreign direct divestment and suggests some ideas to overcome the global negative impact of foreign direct divestment as it is estimated to be significant in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusion is that foreign direct divestments can occur for different factors, some internal and some external. Weak business climates seem to play a role in a decision to divest an investment but there is no direct correlation.
Psychological and Societal Implications of Projecting the Shadow on the Feminine in Tibetan Buddhist Contexts
Authors: Iris Miriam Anders Anne
Published: September 2020

Idealizing and medicalizing of methods ascribed to Buddhism has led to individualizing their structural and societal challenges. Although the long-undervalued need for introspection may get addressed, people are now caught under the cloak of spirituality hoping for quick enlightenment or a panacea solving mental diseases. Thus, at this point, the impact of decontextualizing concepts, unreflectively copying feudal structures into Tibetan Buddhist seminar- and meditation-centers, as well as of lacking knowledge required for the gradual application-oriented learning processes taught in traditional Buddhist philosophy have become clear. This shows in recent testimony of economical, psychological, and physical abuse in international Tibetan Buddhist organizations. The violence against individuals and man-made trauma in such contexts need to get analyzed before the background of neologisms, that is concepts allowing for arbitrariness and violence in the name of spirituality, as well as of the sophisticated systems of rationalizing damage and silencing trauma and victims. Furthermore, though those in the ‘inner circles’ run the risk of traumatization and of being held accountable, it is women who are at higher risk, particularly those who engage in secret relationships. Thus, in terms of treatment, the collectively projecting the shadow on the feminine, leading to an attitude of exploitation and control against women, requires consideration.
Assessment of Biocontrol Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (Glomus spp.) against Damping-off Disease (Rhizoctonia solani) on Cucumber
Authors: Diwan Getheeth Aljawasim Baker , M. Khaeim Hussein , A. Manshood Mustafa
Published: September 2020

Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important causative agents of damping-off diseases on cucumber plants and significantly reduces their yield. R. solani possesses some characteristics, such as wide host range and unlimited survival in soil, which made it most difficult to control. Therefore, the research for a biocontrol agent will be valuable to control this disease. Two species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Glomus clarum) that were evaluated against the agent R. solani reduced the damping-off disease on the cucumber plant. Mycorrhizal-inoculated plants with both species showed a significant reduction in disease severity (DS), which were 21 and 25%, respectively, whereas the disease severity was 65% for non-inoculated plants. Furthermore, the effects of mycorrhizal fungi were evaluated against the growth parameters of cucumber plants. Plants inoculated with both species of mycorrhizal fungi showed a significant increase in both shoot dry weight and root dry weight compared with uninoculated plants. In conclusion, both mycorrhiza species could be an important tool to control soil-borne pathogens, increase plant’s nutrients’ absorption, and increase resistance to abiotic stresses.
New High-Performance Materials: Bio-Based, Eco-Friendly Polyimides
Authors: Dan Rusu Radu , J.M. Abadie Marc
Published: September 2020

The development of high-performance bio-based polyimides (PIs) seems a difficult task due to the incompatibility between petrochemical-derived, aromatic monomers and renewable, natural resources. Moreover, their production usually implies less eco-friendly experimental conditions, especially in terms of solvents and thermal conditions. In this chapter, we touch some of the most significant research endeavors that were devoted in the last decade to engineering naturally derived PI building blocks based on nontoxic, bio-renewable feedstocks. In most cases, the structural motifs of natural products are modified toward amine functionalities that are then used in classical or nonconventional methods for PI synthesis. We follow their evolution as viable alternatives to traditional starting compounds and prove they are able to generate eco-friendly PI materials that retain a combination of high-performance characteristics, or even bring some novel, enhanced features to the field. At the same time, serious progress has been made in the field of nonconventional synthetic and processing options for the development of PI-based materials. Greener experimental conditions such as ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, microwaves, and geothermal techniques represent feasible routes and reduce the negative environmental footprint of PIs’ development. We also approach some insights regarding the sustainability, degradation, and recycling of PI-based materials.
Progesterone and Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator Mifepristone (RU-486) as Treatment for Advanced Cancers
Authors: H. Check Jerome , L. Check Diane
Published: September 2020

The fetal placental unit has paternal proteins which would normally result in immune rejection of fetus. Thus, to allow growth to 266 days, the mother must develop immunosuppressive proteins, cytokines, etc. to allow progression to a full-term baby. One of these essential immunomodulatory proteins is called the progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF). Probably, the mechanism involved allowing the progesterone receptor antagonist mifepristone to cause termination of a pregnancy is by blocking the PIBF protein. There is good evidence that cancerous tumors borrow some of the same mechanisms as the fetus to escape immune surveillance, including the PIBF protein. Research data suggest that this protein is made and excreted by embryonic cells, mesenchymal cells, and trophoblast cells of the fetal placental unit to block the killing effect of natural killer cells and T-cells in the fetal microenvironment. Cancer cells do the same. Indeed, there is good evidence that mifepristone, a drug approved for pregnancy termination, can significantly improve length and quality of life in patients with various advanced cancers.
Measuring Fun
Authors: Strubberg Brandon C. , Elliott Timothy J. , Pumroy Erin P. , Shaffer Angela E.
Published: September 2020

The gaming industry and the concept of gamification have altered the way many developers and users approach interactive products. As social gaming demographics expand to what was previously considered “casual” audiences, more users expect an enjoyable experience from their digital applications and games. Developers now request more detailed subjective descriptions of satisfaction and the player experience from user-experience (UX) practitioners. Focusing on how fun a product is for users/players requires subjective, situationally dependent metrics rather than traditional UX efficiency metrics. The UX discipline is still constructing a comprehensive ecology of the player experience and how to measure it. This article contributes to that ecology by detailing a case in which our team conducted a usability test on a new video game peripheral. Our client’s primary concern dealt with how fun experienced gamers found the device. As our test progressed, we encountered a number of fun-related participant behaviors that led us to develop new metrics beyond our initial planned metrics. These new metrics helped us and our client better define and discuss enjoyability. Our case, in conjunction with a detailed definition and review of player experience and UX scholarship, shows the importance of adopting metrics contextually specific to the video-game product and player group when measuring fun is the primary goal.
Adaptations of Empire: Kipling's Kim, Novel and Game
Authors: Meaning Lindsay
Published: September 2020

This paper addresses the depiction of colonialism and imperial ideologies in video games through an adaptation case study of the 2016 indie role-playing game Kim, adapted from the Rudyard Kipling novel of the same name. I explore the ways in which underlying colonial and imperial ideologies are replicated and reinforced in the process of adapting novel to game. In the process of adaptation, previously obscured practices of colonial violence are brought to the forefront of the narrative, where they are materialized by the game’s procedural rhetoric. However, the game fails to interrogate or critique these practices, ultimately reinforcing the imperial ideological framework in which it was developed.
Comprehension and Selective Visual Attention in Play-calling Signage in NCAA Division 1 Football: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Brown Christopher , Holland Alex , Delarosa Jaclyn , Doude Matthew , Burch V Reuben F. , Reimann Will , Rath Ted , Piroli Anthony
Published: September 2020

Background: The huddle in American college football has been replaced by hand-signals, play-cards, and other forms of nonverbal communication to deliver information from the sidelines to the field. These communication methods serve a dual-purpose of capturing the student-athletes’ attention while perplexing the opposition. Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply cognitive engineering concepts toward the improvement of signage and play-calling such that coaches can more effectively transmit information to players on the field during competitions. Methods: This comprehensive literature review investigates strategies for successful visual play-calling systems in sports communication. Collaboration occurred with a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 football coaching staff to understand communication processes on field. Existing literature related to visual language processing, selective attention, and signal comprehension were compiled for recommendations. Results: Research findings suggest positive correlations between speed, clarity, and simplicity of signage in addition to effective sideline communication. The results of this review can be used to develop guidelines that increase the accuracy and speed of play-calling during games, such as clearly designed imagery and simplified play calls; coaches may establish strategies that are consistently understood by student-athletes. Conclusion: In addition to the findings, this study also identifies visual communication methods and mediums that can be used in any sport or work field where transmitting and comprehending information from a distance is critical for task completion.
A Comparison of Inertial Motion Capture Systems: DorsaVi and Xsens
Authors: Drapeaux Alisa , Carlson Kevin
Published: September 2020

Background: dorsaVi Professional Suite, founded in 2018, is a 3D wearable sensor technology system that monitors the kinematic data of the lower extremity and lumbar spine. The dorsaVi system is used in the clinical setting to assist with clinical rehabilitation and preventive measures. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the inertial motion capture systems: the dorsaVi Professional Suite and Xsens to determine validity and reliability. Methods: This study utilized nine participants (7 female, 2 male) with data collected on two separate sessions. Each subject performed 15 repetitions each of double leg squats, left single leg squat, and right single leg squat during session one and then repeated the same testing procedure 7-10 days later. Kinematic variables measured were tibial inclination, knee varus, and knee valgus. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were used to demonstrate the relationship within and between the motion capture systems across the knee positions and squat trials. Results: Within system reliability measurements demonstrated strong correlations (r>0.90) of the lower extremity kinematic data between testing sessions. Between system validity measurements also demonstrated strong correlations (r>0.90) across all lower extremity movements. Conclusions: The dorsaVi Professional Suite knee module kinematic data showed strong correlations to the validated motion capture system (Xsens). Thus, a clinician should be confident in using the dorsaVi in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients.
Perception of Comfort, Fit, and Jumping Performance of Elite NCAA Division 1 Student-athletes: The Effect of Basketball Shoe Design – Part II
Authors: Luczak Tony , Burch V Reuben F. , Smith Brian , Lamberth John , Carruth Daniel , Crane Collin , Hoppa Marci , Burgos Bill
Published: September 2020

Background: Assessing basketball shoe comfort and fit as personal protection equipment (PPE) at the collegiate level is unique. Objective: The purpose of Part II in this pilot study was to examine the effect of shoe design on the perception of comfort and fit after performing an acute series of jumps in elite male and female National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 basketball student-athletes. Method: A total of sixteen basketball student-athletes (six males, ten females) performed two rounds of acute series of four styled basketball jumps on two ForceDecksTM Force Platforms while trying to maximize jump height by tapping VertecTM Jump Vanes. The male student-athletes selected the AdidasTM Harden Vol. 3 and the AdidasTM SM Pro basketball shoes. The female student-athletes selected the Adidas Harden Vol. 3 and the Adidas Captain Marvel basketball shoes. Upon completion of each round of jumps, the student-athlete recorded their perception of comfort on a 110mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and fit on a seven-point Likert rating scale based against their most comfortable basketball shoes ever worn. Results: Results of this pilot study reported, on average, the male student-athletes preferred comfort and fit of the Adidas SM Pro basketball shoes and the female student-athletes preferred the Adidas Harden Vol. 3 basketball shoe, though differences were non-significant at p > 0.05. Conclusion: The use of a human factors assessment tool to evaluate basketball shoe comfort and fit and the influence of rated comfort and fit parameters on basketball jumping performance proved viable.
Motivation in Learning
Authors: Filgona Jacob , Sakiyo John , Gwany D. M. , Okoronka A. U.
Published: September 2020

Motivating the learner to learn is pertinent to curriculum implementation. This is because motivation is an influential factor in the teaching-learning situations. The success of learning depends on whether or not the learners are motivated. Motivation drives learners in reaching learning goals. It is important to recognize the fact that motivating learning is a central element of good teaching. This implies that learners’ motivation is probably the single most important element of learning. Learning is inherently hard work; it is pushing the brain to its limits, and thus can only happen with motivation. Students’ motivation to learn is of special importance because students’ mere presence in the class is of course, not a guarantee that students want to learn. It is only a sign that students live in a society where children are required to attend school. Highly motivated learners are likely to learn readily, and make any class fun to teach, while unmotivated learners may likely learn very little and generally make teaching painful and frustrating. Since modern education is compulsory, teachers cannot take learners’ motivation for granted, and they have a responsibility to ensure learners are motivated to learn. Teachers must persuade learners to want to do what they ought to do. This task— understanding and therefore influencing learners’ motivations to learn—is the thrust of this article. In order to ensure that the aims and objective of the curriculum is achieved, this article focuses on providing the teachers and educators with insight to the concept and types of motivation, motives as a goal, factors affecting motivation, importance of motivation, and strategies for motivating the learners.
Parallel and Concurrent Infection of Dengue Virus and Plasmodium falciparum among Patients with Febrile Illnesses Attending Bingham University Health Centre, Karu, Nigeria
Authors: Suchi Nanret Kyeswet , Mohammed Haruna Isa , Ademola Adegbite Olutunde , Rinmecit Pennap Grace
Published: September 2020

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the parallel and concurrent infection of dengue virus and Plasmodium falciparum among patients with febrile illnesses attending Bingham University Health Centre, Karu, Nigeria.

Study Design: The study was a cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi and 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital, Yaba-Lagos, between February and July 2017.

Methodology: Blood samples were collected from 400 patients with febrile illnesses at the University Health Centre. The resulting sera was screened for dengue virus seromarkers (IgM, IgG and NS1) using Aria Dou dengue virus RDT kits (CTK Biotech, Inc, San Diego, USA) while malaria parasitemia was detected by Giemsa stained thick and thin film microscopy. Data collected were analysed using Smith’s Statistical Package (version 2.8, California, USA) and P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Of the 400 patients screened, 12(3.0%) were positive for dengue virus, 20(5.0%) for malaria parasite while 10(2.5%) for dengue/malaria co-infection. Infection with dengue virus and malaria parasite was found to be higher among female subjects aged ≤30 years. However, age and gender were not significantly associated with both infections in this study (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the presence of dengue virus infection in the study area which probably may have been misdiagnosed and mistreated. Hence, differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses should not only be limited to malaria and typhoid as is always the case in our health care centres.
Antibiotics in Combination with Antifungals to Combat Drug Resistant Candida – A Concept on Drug Repurposing
Authors: Monalis Hannah , Sujith R. , Leela K. V. , Balamurali V.
Published: September 2020

Candida spp. are emerging pathogens of hospital-acquired infections that causes invasive candidiasis, leading to human mortality and morbidity. Evolution of resistance to different groups of antifungal drugs is a major concern nowadays. Resistance mechanism in some of the antifungal drugs are formation of biofilms, alterations in drug target and lowered intracellular drug levels caused by efflux pumps. Introduction of novel strategies are necessitous to eliminate the phenomenon of drug resistance.  Drug repurposing is a promising therapeutic strategy that can improve the efﬁcacy of antifungal therapy for invasive candidiasis. Antibiotics and antifungal drugs were combined against resistant Candida spp. and the in vitro antifungal synergy were analyzed by disk diffusion methods, checkerboard microbroth dilution method and time-kill curves. Synergistic effects were seen against drug-resistant strains, but drug-susceptible strains show indifferent effects in experimental studies. Profiting from the synergistic effects of combination therapy, alternative therapeutic approaches for drug resistance could be designed. This review will discuss different antifungal drugs and their mechanism, drug-resistance mechanisms and some of the antibiotic and antifungal combinations that provide novel insights in treating invasive fungal infections.
Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Identification of Indigenous Bacteria from Fermented Almonds (Prunus dulcis)
Authors: Nurhasanah Salwa , Fachrial Edy , Lister Nyoman Ehrich
Published: September 2020

Aims: This study aims to isolate and identify the indigenous bacteria of almonds fermentation.

Methods: Characterization of the indigeneous bacteria are using gram staining, biochemical tests, 16SrRNA gene sequencing, and the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria.

Results: Approximately 28 x 106 CFU / mL bacteria were obtained from almonds fermentations with 14 isolates from enrichment results. Three randomly selected isolates were gram-positive rod-shaped with a negative catalase and positive fermentation test. However, one isolate showed positive results on the motility test. The antimicrobial test results from the three randomly selected isolates using the disk diffusion method obtained inhibition zones of 7 mm, 6.7 mm, and 7 mm, respectively. Therefore, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, three different microorganisms were found, namely Bacillus subtilis strain IAM 12118, Bacillus Piscis strain 16MFT21, and Bacillus licheniformis strain BaDB27.

Conclusion: It was found that Bacillus subtilis strain IAM 12118, Bacillus Piscis strain 16MFT21, and Bacillus licheniformis strain BaDB27 in almonds fermentation and also can be used as probiotic bacteria.
Dynamic Nano Clusters of Water on EVODROP Water
Authors: Ignatov Ignat , Gluhchev Georgi , Huether Fabio
Published: September 2020

A research for nano clusters of electrochemically waters catholyte and anolyte was recently performed [1]. The actual study is connected with EVODROP water. Methods NES (Non-equilibrium Energy Spectrum) and DNES (Differential Non-equilibrium Energy Spectrum) are used for the study [2,3]. They allow the evaluation of hydrogen bonds energy. It is expected that these spectral analyses and mathematical models could help explaining the different effects of EVODROP water. Influence of different types of waters on the nervous system and anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects have been reported [4].

The device for the production of EVODROP water is invented by Fabio Huether. It transforms the tap water into alkaline one with a negative oxidation reduction potential (ORP) measured in millivolts (mV).

The study was performed of alteration of hardness of EVODROP water according tap water as control sample.
Characterization of persons served in the family health strategy: a contribution to obstetric nursing
Authors: Spindola Thelma , Araújo Agatha Soares de Barros de , Dias Pricilla Del Giudice , Teixeira Selma Villas Boas , Lapa Alessandra da Terra , Penna Lucia Helena Garcia
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico das gestantes assistidas na consulta de enfermagem do pré-natal em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do Rio de Janeiro. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, quantitativo do tipo documental, com emprego da técnica de observação indireta e análise estatística. Resultados: Foram investigados 160 prontuários eletrônicos de gestantes atendidas em 2014. A maioria das mulheres tinha idades entre 20-34 anos (73,8%), cor parda (44,3%), mora com companheiro (46,3%), e ensino médio completo (26,9%). São primigestas (41,3%), sem história de aborto (54,4%), não planejaram a gravidez (66,9%) e tiveram primeira consulta no primeiro trimestre gestacional (61,2%). Conclusão: Embora a maioria das gestantes investigadas tenha baixo risco obstétrico, o seguimento das mulheres na consulta de pré-natal torna-se primordial para uma gestação saudável.
α1‐Antitrypsin and serum albumin mRNA accumulation in normal, acute phase and ZZ human liver
Authors: Riley J.H. , Bathurst I.C. , Edbrooke M.R. , Carrell R.W. , Craig R.K.
Published: July 2002

α1‐Antitrypsin and albumin mRNA levels of 4 human livers were assessed using a newly sequenced cDNA clone of the carboxyterminal third of α1‐antitrypsin and a previously cloned albumin cDNA sequence. The relative concentration of α1‐antitrypsin mRNA was the same in poly(A)‐containing RNA isolated from acute phase (MM) and α1‐antitrypsin deficient (ZZ) individuals. In the acute phase liver relative to the normal (MM) liver, total RNA extracts showed a marked decrease in albumin mRNA concentration but no increase in α1‐antitrypsin mRNA. The ZZ liver showed decreased total and poly(A)‐containing RNA content but the same proportion of α‐antitrypsin to albumin mRNA as in the normal (MM) liver. This supports other evidence that ZZ α1‐antitrypsin deficiency is due to a defect in polypeptide processing (secretion) rather than a deficiency in mRNA accumulation.
Phorbol esters inhibit low density lipoprotein processing by cultured human fibroblasts
Authors: Mazière J.C. , Mazière C. , Mora L. , Auclair M. , Goldstein S. , Polonovski J.
Published: July 2002

A 24 h pretreatment of MRC5 fibroblasts with the protein kinase C activator 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA) induced a marked decrease in low density lipoprotein (LDL) internalization and degradation; the maximal effect (about 55% decrease) was observed for 10−7 M TPA. LDL binding was reduced about 35–40%. A significant decrease (about 25%) in LDL internalization was observed after a 2 h incubation of cells with the drug, but longer incubation times (4–6 h) led to a greater effect. Another tumor promoter, phorbol 12,13‐dibutyrate decreased LDL internalization by about 35%, whereas the non‐tumor promoting 4α‐phorbol 12,13‐didecanoate had no effect. The protein kinase C inhibitor α‐cobrotoxin partially antagonized the inhibitory effect of TPA on LDL internalization. The non‐phorbol tumor promoter mezerein, another protein kinase C activator, decreased LDL uptake by about 50%. Finally, it was found that TPA had no significant effect on the affinity of the receptor for the LDL. These results suggest a role for protein kinase C in the LDL pathway in cultured human fibroblasts.
Expression of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor gene in neoplastic tissues
Authors: Tomita Naohiro , Horii Akira , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Ogawa Michio , Mori Takesada , Matsubara Kenichi
Published: July 2002

Expression of the human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) gene was examined in 24 cases of neoplastic tissues by Northern blot analyses. In three cases of lung adenocarcinoma and one case of sigmoid colon polyp, we detected transcripts which hybridized to the human PSTI cDNA probe. cDNA libraries were constructed using mRNAs of the two PSTI‐positive tumor tissues. Two PSTI cDNA clones were obtained from each sample. Sequencing analyses showed that they were completely identical with that of pancreatic PSTI cDNA which had been reported [(1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 132, 605–612]. Southern blot analyses showed that the elevated expression of PSTI in neoplastic tissues was accompanied by neither PSTI gene amplification nor rearrangements.
The bacteriophage Mu transposase protein can form high‐affinity protein‐DNA complexes with the ends of transposable elements of the Tn 3 family
Authors: Cameron Robin K. , Jarjour Allan M. , Tolias Peter P. , DuBow Michael S.
Published: July 2002

The 37 kb transposable bacteriophage Mu genome encodes a transposase protein which can recognize and bind to a consensus sequence repeated three times at each extremity of its genome. A subset of this consensus sequence (5′‐PuCGAAA(A)‐3′) is found in the ends of many class II prokaryotic transposable elements. These elements, like phage Mu, cause 5 bp duplications at the site of element insertion, and transpose by a cointegrate mechanism. Using the band retardation assay, we have found that crude protein extracts containing overexpressed Mu transposase can form high‐affinity protein‐DNA complexes with Mu att R and the ends of the class II elements Tn 3 (right) and IS101. No significant protein‐DNA complex formation was observed with DNA fragments containing the right end of the element IS102, or a non‐specific pBR322 fragment of similar size. These results suggest that the Mu transposase protein can specifically recognize the ends of other class II transposable elements and that these elements may be evolutionarily related.
Presence and binding characteristics of calcitriol receptors in human fetal gut
Authors: Delvin Edgard E. , Richard Paul , Pothier Pierre , Ménard Daniel
Published: July 2002

In the present study, we show for the first time the presence of calcitriol‐specific binding sites in hypertonic extracts of cells isolated from human fetal small intestine and colon from 13–21 weeks of gestation. Woolf plot analysis of the binding characteristics revealed the presence of a single class of high affinity receptors. The presence of specific receptors for calcitriol in fetal intestine and colon opens interesting possibilities as to the role of this hormone in human gut development.
Tetanus toxin receptor Specific cross‐linking of tetanus toxin to a protein of NGF‐differentiated PC 12 cells
Authors: Schiavo Giampietro , Ferrari Giovanna , Rossetto Ornella , Montecucco Cesare
Published: July 2002

A subclone of rat pheochromocytoma cells expresses high affinity receptors for tetanus toxin on differentiation with NGF [Walton, K.M., Sandberg, K., Rogers, T.B. and Schnaar, R.L. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 2055–2063]. In the presence of protein cross‐linking agents, [125I]tetanus toxin, bound to these cells at 0°C, forms a cross‐linked product with apparent molecular weight of 120 kDa. The formation of [125I]tetanus toxin conjugate involves the heavy chain of the toxin, is prevented by cold toxin and it is largely reduced by pretreating cells with proteases, The cross‐linked product is formed only upon incubation of the toxin with NGF‐differentiated cells. These results suggest that a protein with apparent molecular weight of 20 kDa is involved in the neurospecific binding of tetanus toxin.
Identification of an ion channel‐forming motif in the primary structure of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins
Authors: Monta Myrta S. , Blewitt Richard , Tomich John M. , Montal Mauricio
Published: July 2002

Synthetic peptides with amino acid sequences corresponding to predicted transmembrane segments of tetanus toxin were used as probes to identify a channel‐forming motif. A peptide denoted TeTx II, with sequence GVVLLLEYIPEITLPVIAALSIA, forms cation‐selective channels when reconstituted in planar lipid bilayers. The single channel conductance in 0.5 M NaCl or KCl is 28 ± 3 and 24 ± 2 pS, respectively. In contrast, a peptide with sequence NFIGALETTGVVLLLEYIPEIT, denoted as TeTx I. or a peptide with the same amino acid composition as TeTx II but with a randomized sequence, do not form channels. Conformational energy calculations show that a bundle of four amphipathic α‐helices is a plausible structural motif underlying observable pore properties. The identified functional module may account for the channel‐forming activity of both tetanus toxin and the homologous botulinum toxin A.
Stimulation of prostaglandin production by hepatocyte growth factor in human gastric carcinoma cells
Authors: Hori Takamitsu , Shibamoto Sayumi , Hayakawa Makio , Takeuchi Kenji , Oku Naoto , Miyazawa Keiji , Kitamura Naomi , Ito Fumiaki
Published: July 2002

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a protein with pleiotropic biological activity affecting cell growth and motility, was found to markedly activate prostaglandin production in human gastric carcinoma TMK‐1 cells. HPLC analysis revealed that HGF stimulated the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is the major prostaglandin produced in these cells. HGF maximally stimulated PGE2 production at a concentration of 10 , and it was a more potent stimulator of PGE2 production than epidermal growth factor (EGF), which is known to stimulate prostaglandin production in various cell lines. The simultaneous addition of HGF and EGF caused no further stimulation of the PGE2 production observed in HGF‐treated cells. We showed also that HGF increased the arachidonate release from TMK‐1 cells, which release was completely suppressed by the addition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors. Further studies in vitro showed that HGF enhanced cellular activities of cytosolic PLA2 and cyclooxygenase 1.5‐fold each. These results indicate that HGF stimulates prostaglandin production through increases in both cytosolic PLA2 and cyclooxygenase activities.
Evolutionary clustering and functional similarity of RNA‐binding proteins
Authors: Fukami-Kobayashi Kaoru , Tomoda Shirou , Gō Mitiko
Published: July 2002

RNA‐binding proteins (RNPs) involved in splicing, processing and translation regulation contain one to four RNA‐binding domains. We constructed a phylogenetic tree for the RNA‐binding domains, including those of poly(A)‐binding protein (PABP), splicing factors, chloroplast RNPs, hnRNPs, snRNP U1‐70K, nucleolin and Drosophila sex determinants. Proteins with similar functions were found to have closely related RNA‐binding domains and common domain organizations. In light of these observation, one can assume the function of an RNA‐binding protein, based on the evolutionary relationship between its RNA‐binding domain(s) and domain organization, as compared with other RNPs.
Interleukin‐10 and pentoxifylline inhibit C‐reactive protein‐induced tissue factor gene expression in peripheral human blood monocytes
Authors: Ramani M. , Khechai F. , Ollivier V. , Ternisien C. , Bridey F. , Hakim J. , de Prost D.
Published: July 2002

Fibrin deposition is an integral feature of the inflammatory response. In response to C‐reactive protein (CRP), an acute‐phase reactant, blood monocytes synthesize and express tissue factor (TF), the main initiator of blood coagulation. We report the inhibitory effect of interleukin 10 (IL‐10) and that of pentoxifylline, a methyl xanthine derivative, on monocyte expression of TF activity, TF protein and TF mRNA in response to CRP. These agents may be of use in diseases where a TF‐induced prothrombotic state is detrimental.
Progesterone increases the production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐2 in rabbit uterine cervical fibroblasts
Authors: Imada Keisuke , Ito Akira , Itoh Yoshifumi , Nagase Hideaki , Mori Yo
Published: July 2002

Rabbit uterine cervical fibroblasts in culture produces tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)‐l and TIMP‐2. When cells were treated with physiological concentrations of progesterone, the production of two TIMPs increased, and essentially all TIMP‐2 was found to be complexed with promatrix metalloproteinase 2 (proMMP‐2)/progelatinase A. Progesterone did not modulate the production of proMMP‐2 and resulted in the increased total amount of proMMP‐2‐TIMP‐2 complex. These observations provide the first evidence that progesterone participates in maintaining the homeostasis of connective tissue matrix in uterine cervix by augmenting both TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 production along with the known suppressive effects on the proMMP‐1 and proMMP‐3 production.
Efficient binding to the MHC class I Kd molecule of synthetic peptides in which the anchoring position 2 does not fit the consensus motif
Authors: Quesnel Anne , Hsu Shiou-Chih , Delmas Agnès , Steward Michael W. , Trudelle Yves , Abastado Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2002

Peptides eluted from the MHC class I Kd molecule are generally nonamers that display a strong preference for Tyr in position 2 and Ile or Len in position 9. We investigated the binding ability of several synthetic peptides which did not fit this consensus motif. In our peptides, Tyr2 was substituted by other amino acids, i.e. Len, Ile or Met. These peptides were variants of the 252–260 Kd‐restricted peptide SYIPSAEKI derived from the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein. They bound to purified Kd molecules in vitro with intermediate affinity. One of them was tested for in vivo stimulation of T cells and induced a cytotoxic response. These results demonstrate the importance of binding motif refinement to discover new binding characteristics and new ligands such as low‐affinity peptides.
Perinatal and maternal mortality associated with retained second twins
Authors: Lassey A.T. , Ghosh T.S.
Published: July 2002

Objectives: The aim of this study of retained second twins admitted to Korle‐Bu Hospital between 1988 and 1993 was to identify the factors contributing to the mode of delivery, perinatal and maternal mortalities, and draw up recommendations to improve outcome. Methods: The study consisted of a review of record cards, outpatient admission and discharge books, delivery books, and inpatient case notes of women admitted with retained second twins of 28 weeks' or more gestation during the study period. Results: Of the 65 cases fully reviewed, 33 (approximately 50%) were delivered by cesarean section due mainly to abnormal lie with or without shoulder impaction. The rest were assisted deliveries, mainly vertex deliveries or breech extractions. The perinatal mortality of the retained second twins was 38.5% compared with 12.3% for the first twins. Although in general the longer the interdelivery interval, the greater the second twin perinatal mortality risk, no clear direct correlation could be established. There was one perioperative maternal mortality due to anaphylactic reaction to intramuscular morphine injection. Conclusion: Irrespective of the antenatal course and early labor findings, twin delivery should be undertaken in a unit equipped for cesarean section and assisted delivery. The unacceptably high perinatal mortality of retained second twins could thus be significantly reduced.
Pregnancy following rupture of the pregnant uterus
Authors: Soltan M.H. , Khashoggi T. , Adelusi B.
Published: July 2002

Objectives: To review the cases of ruptured uterus at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) over the 11 years of the hospital's existence (1984–1994), to analyze the causative factors of uterine rupture with a view to its prevention, and to highlight the management approach in relation to maintaining the patients' future fertility. Methods: Case notes were reviewed for all patients with ruptured uterus at KKUH over a period of 11 years from January 1984 to December 1994. Relevant data relating to the clinical features, characteristics of labor, operative procedures, and maternal and perinatal outcome were assessed. Results: There were 11 cases of ruptured uterus, six of which occurred in patients with previous cesarean scars. Two patients were primigravidas, one of whom ruptured her uterus following a road traffic accident. In one patient with six previous preterm labors, rupture resulted from non‐removal of cervical cerclage during labor. The rupture occurred in the fundus in one case, and in the lower segment in the remaining 10. Fetal heart abnormalities were observed in all cases in which the uterus ruptured during labor. Abdominal hysterectomy was performed in three cases, two of which were total and the third subtotal. The remaining eight patients had suture repair, all of whom became pregnant later and were delivered by cesarean section. Conclusion: Even though rupture of the uterus was a rare complication of pregnancy at KKUH, its occurrence should be suspected when there are sudden fetal heart abnormalities during labor, or unexplained postpartum shock. Suture repair should be considered whenever possible in order to preserve the patients' reproductive potential.
CDC6 interacts with c‐Myc to inhibit E‐box‐dependent transcription by abrogating c‐Myc/Max complex
Authors: Takayama Masa-aki , Taira Takahiro , Iguchi-Ariga Sanae M.M. , Ariga Hiroyoshi
Published: July 2002

The c‐myc oncogene product (c‐Myc) is a transcription factor that dimerizes with Max and recognizes the E‐box sequence. It plays key functions in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. It is generally thought that c‐Myc transactivates genes encoding proteins essential to cell‐cycle progression by binding to the E‐boxes that control them. The functions of c‐Myc are also thought to be modulated by its associated proteins, several of which have recently been identified. In this study, we found that c‐Myc directly bound in vivo and in vitro to the N‐terminal region of human CDC6, a component of the pre‐replication complex, and that both co‐localized in cell nuclei. CDC6 bound to the C‐proximal region of c‐Myc, thereby competing with Max on the E‐box sequence and changing c‐Myc/Max heterodimer to a Max/Max homodimer. In consequence, the E‐box‐dependent transcription activity of c‐Myc was abrogated. These results suggest that, in addition to its DNA replication activity, CDC6 also has a role as a transcriptional suppressor of c‐Myc.
The role of a proline‐induced broken‐helix motif in α‐helix 2 of Bacillus thuringiensis δ‐endotoxins
Authors: Arnold Suzanne , Curtiss April , Dean Donald H. , Alzate Oscar
Published: July 2002

Bacillus thuringiensis δ‐endotoxins (Cry proteins), are widely used for insect control and plant protection. They are water‐soluble proteins that insert into membranes forming ion channels. In most Cry toxins α‐helix 2 is broken by a highly conserved proline residue (Pro70 in Cry1Ab), generating a broken‐helix motif. The flexibility of the motif was altered through site‐directed mutagenesis. It was found that increasing the flexibility of the motif decreased the stability, the ion transport ability and the toxicity of the protein. By removing the broken‐helix motif, the biological properties were restored to a wild type level.