bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN AVR (AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR) TERHADAP SISTEM EKSITASI GENERATOR PADA BTG 1 (BOILER TURBIN GENERATOR) PT. SEMEN TONASA
Authors: Pangkung Andareas , Marhatang Marhatang , Irlan Citri Novianti , Fasiha Ummul
Published: May 2019

Abstrak: Generator sinkron bekerja dengan mengubah energi mekanis menjadi energilistrik tiga fasa. Tegangan keluaran generator harus konstan. Namun, padakenyataannya tegangan yang dihasilkan generator akan berubah akibat perubahanbeban. Untuk menjaga agar tegangan tetap konstan pada tegangan nominalnya, makadibutuhkan alat yang disebut AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator). AVR ini bekerjadengan mengatur arus eksitasi agar nilai tegangan keluaran generator konstan. Hal itusangat penting dalam menjaga tingkat stabilitas generator. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menganalisis penggunaan AVR pada sistem eksitasi generator. Dengan metodepenelitian, mengukur parameter pada sistem eksitasi hingga tegangan keluarangenerator. Kemudian dari data-data yang diperoleh, dapat dianalisis perfoma AVRkedua generator sehingga diketahui stabilitas generator pada setiap unitnya. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa AVR pada generator 2 bekerja lebih optimaldibandingkan dengan AVR pada generator 1. Ditunjukkan dengan regulasi teganganpada generator 2 lebih rendah (0,279%) dibandingkan regulasi tegangan padagenerator 1 (0,385%). Hal ini dikarenakan AVR generator 2 menggunakan AVR barudengan tipe PRISMIC A3100 sedangkan AVR generator 1 tipe Unitrol F ABBmemiliki usia pemakaian yang lama sehingga daya gunanya pun menurun.Kata Kunci: AVR generator, Generator Sinkron, dan Sistem Eksitasi,
ANALISIS PENGARUH KETIDAKSEIMBANGAN BEBAN TERHADAP EFISIENSI TRANSFORMATOR TIGA FASA DI PT. PLN (Persero) RAYON MAKASSAR TIMUR, PENYULANG KIMA
Authors: Tandioga Remigius , Mulyadi Musrady , E.S Tony Christianto , Tegar Ahmad
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar persentaseketidakseimbangan beban pada transformator dan juga untuk mengetahui seberapabesar efisiensi dan rugi daya transformator pada saat diberi beban seimbang maupuntidak seimbang. Karena data yang terukur merupakan beban tidak seimbang makauntuk menghitung beban pada saat keadaan seimbang digunakan harga rata-rata daridata tersebut. Dengan menentukan faktor ketidakseimbangan lewat metode komponensimetris dan metode koefisien tak seimbang, maka didapatkan rugi tembaga, dayaoutput dan efisiensi dalam keadaan tidak seimbang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa pada saat transformator diberi beban tidak seimbang maka efisiensinya akanmenurun dibandingkan dengan saat transformator diberi beban yang seimbang. Akantetapi ketidakseimbangan beban tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi karenamemberikan perubahan efisiensi yang tidak terlalu signifikan yakni rata-rata sebesar3,47 % saja.
REDUKSI ARUS ASUT PADA START UP MOTOR INDUKSI SATU FASA MENGGUNAKAN AC-AC KONVERTER BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER
Authors: Lewi Lewi , Yunus Muh Yusuf , Palengai Paniman , Iman Zein Rahimul
Published: May 2019

Motor induksi secara umum dapat distarting dengan menghubungkan motorsecara langsung ke jala-jala PLN. Dengan menghubungkan secara langsung dapatmenarik arus yang tinggi sehingga mengakibatkan drop tegangan, serta dapatmempengaruhi peralatan listrik pada saluran yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk membuat sebuah alat yang dapat mengurangi arus asut pada start up motorinduksi, juga untuk mengetahui mengetahui prinsip kerja dari alat yang dibuat.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode komparasi. Yang dimaksud metode komparasiadalah metode yang dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui, membandingkan dan mengujiperbedaan dua kelompok percobaan atau lebih. Pada pengujian motor tanpamenggunakan arus asut, diperoleh arus starting sebesar 2,4 A sedangkan padapengujian menggunakan alat pereduksi arus asut, diperoleh arus startingnya sebesar2,25 A. Dengan menggunakan alat preduksi arus asut pada start up motor induksisatu fasa yang telah dibuat, mampu mengatur sudut pemicuan TRIAC. Sehingga padastarting awal motor induksi satu fasa, arus dapat diatur kurang dari arus starting tanpamenggunakan alat.
Eliciting Concepts in the Field of Extended Education – A Swedish Provoke
Authors: Klerfelt Anna , Ljusberg Anna-Lena
Published: May 2019

The aim of this article is to contribute to the discussion concerning the concepts used in the field of extended education by scrutinising different concepts that can contribute to research and guard the specific educational attitude of extended education as viewed from a Swedish perspective. The discussion will be based on a review of concepts used in both national and international research, as well as those formulated in Swedish policy documents and traditionally used in Swedish schoolage educare activity. Defining extended education as a social practice that aims at meaning making based on experiences from everyday life will be an important theoretical starting point to which the discussed concepts will be related. The significance of taking a point of departure in children’s perspectives is central in the article. Finally, some newly created concepts will be suggested as significant for the development of extended education.
Expanded learning: A thought piece about terminology, typology, and transformation
Authors: Noam Gil G. , Triggs Bailey B.
Published: May 2019

What is it about afterschool that gives it so much potential to powerfully influence educational best practices around the world? This paper will explore what truly defines “afterschool” beyond the time- and location-based pedagogy of the term and will make the case for the use of “expanded learning” or “expanded opportunities” as the terms that most clearly describe this critical time of youth learning and development. This paper will explore the cultural and bureaucratic differences countries have that influence how young people spend their time and what those differences say about a country’s views on child development and its aspirations for its youth. Beyond an exploration of cultural differences, this paper will also discuss the trends that are influencing our international efforts to shift the view of expanded learning programs beyond a safe place to keep children occupied while their parents work, toward a fundamental space for child development and educational innovation.
Synthesis of tetrakis (4-(2-phenylprop-2-yl) phenoxy) substituted phthalocyanines using a new practical method
Authors: AĞIRTAŞ Mehmet Salih , DURMUŞ Cihan , CABİR Beyza
Published: May 2019

In this study, zinc, cobalt and nickel phthalocyanine compounds bearing the 4-(2-phenylprop-2-yl)phenoxy) substituent were prepared. Here, a new practical method for synthesis was used. This method significantly shortens the synthesis time. This method is very effective for the reaction to take place in a short time and at a lower temperature. Additionally, these compounds were examined for their aggregation and photodegredation properties. The aggregation was studied in concentration range of 1x10-5-1x10-6 M in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The photodegradation properties of phthalocyanine complexes under light irradiation were also investigated in chloroform (CHCl3).
DETERMINING ORDER DELIVERY DATE BY REVENUE APPROACH: A CASE STUDY WITH NONWOVEN TEXTILE MANUFACTURERS IN TRC1 REGION
Authors: AKTÜRK Cemal , GÜLSEÇEN Sevinç
Published: May 2019

Nonwoven textile
materials are used as intermediate raw materials in various sectors such as
cleaning, healthcare and automotive. These products are produced according to
the demand because they are requested in different compositions, colors and
weights. It is necessary to use the capacity efficiently in the nonwoven
textile technology which has high investment costs and high production capacity
in order to attain company objectives. In
this study, a decision support system for nonwoven textile firms was developed so
that they obtain more order revenue fromcustomer orders. In this software
application developed, orders are sorted in 7 different ways based on Moora and
linear function. The total order revenues to be obtained from each ranking and
the delivery dates of sorted jobsare calculated and presented to the user for
decision support purposes. In addition, this software can also record the
operator's planned maintenance data. In the present study, the decision support
system was run with 27 different production scenarios. In the running scenarios,
Moora and linear function methods have introduced more total order revenues
than FCFS and EDD methods. The present decision support system as a product
that can be used by decision makers gives a different point of view to delivery
date and order ranking literature which is generally composed of theoretical
studies.
DEVELOPMENT OF THERMO-PHYSIOLOGICALLY COMFORTABLE KNIT STRUCTURE FOR SPORTS APPLICATION
Authors: AHMAD HAFIZ SHEHBAZ , JAMSHAID HAFSA
Published: May 2019

This comparative study was done to study modal fiber as an ecofriendly alternative of cotton fiber in polyester-cotton (PC) fabrics. Clothing serves as a barrier between environment and human body, thus providing the thermo-physiological comfort by controlling the transportation of moisture and heat from body to external environment. Thermo-physiological comfort is an important sportswear criterion in terms of sportsmen’s comfort and performance. In this study, heat and mass transfer of active sportswear were evaluated. Thermal properties were measured by sweating guard hot plate, air permeability by air permeability tester and sweat response by moisture management tester. It was found that fabric with modal on face and micro polyester on back showed best transmission properties with good pilling resistance.
Authors: Kholidati Ratna , Rohmawati Indah
Published: May 2019

Pendahuluan : Tali pusat bayi yang baru lahir merupakan luka basah dan bisa menjadi jalan masuknya kuman sehingga perlu dilakukan perawatan tali pusat. Sejak lama perawatan tali pusat banyak menggunakan teknik pengobatan ditutup dengan pemberian kompres kassa alkohol 70%. Saat ini mulai banyak dikembangkan teknik terbuka namun hingga saat ini belum diketahui tingkat keefektifan dari teknik kedua hingga penyembuhan lukanya. Metode : Desain pada penelitian ini adalah Quasy Eksperimental (Post Test Only Control Group Design). Populasinya adalah bayi baru lahir diruang bersalin RSIA Fauziyah Tulungagung dan sampel bayi baru lahir adalah yang dirawat di ruang perinatologi, sesuai usia kehamilan, apgar skornya 7 -10, berat badan lahir antara 2500 gr - 4000 gr dan beralamat di kota Bondowoso. Jumlah responden 20 bayi terdiri dari 10 responden untuk pengobatan teknik tertutup dan 10 responden untuk pengobatan teknik dibuka. Pengambilan sampelnya adalah Consecutive Sampling dengan analisis datanya menggunakan uji statistik Mann Withney U Test, dengan tingkat kemaknaan 5%. Hasil : Dari analisis uji statistik Uji Mann Witney U menunjukkan nilai p = 0,280 , nilai U = 35 dan nilai Z = - 1,314, ± 1,96) sehingga Ho diterima dan H1 ditolak, artinya tidak ada perbedaan keefektifan antara teknik pengobatan tertutup dan dibuka untuk penyembuhan luka tali pusat bayi baru lahir. Kesimpulan : Ada beberapa kendala dalam penelitian ini antara lain: 1). Resistensi antibiotik terkait dengan membuat antibiotik di dalam gravida, 2). Responden yang sedikit. Sebagai saran dari hasil penelitian ini adalah peneliti menyarankan tetap menggunakan teknik perawatan yang dibuka karena umbilical dry menjadi cepat dan tidak lembab.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA BAHAN DAUR ULANG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS MAHASISWA S1 PG-PAUD DI UNIVERSITAS NAHDLATUL ULAMA SURABAYA
Authors: Asmara Berda
Published: May 2019

Peneliti menggunakan media bahan daur ulang (bahan bekas) yang masih bisa terpakai untuk dijadikan APE (Alat Permainan Edukatif) atau bisa dijadikan hasil karya anak usia dini, sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan kreativitas terhadap mahasiswa S1 PG-PAUD di UNUSA. yang harus dilakukan oleh mahasiswa sebagai calon pendidik PAUD dengan membuat media pembelajaran yang cocok untuk anak usia dini melalui media bahan daur ulang (bahan bekas). Contoh bahan daur ulang yang bisa dimanfaatkan menjadi APE (Alat Permainan Edukatif) dan hasil karya untuk anak usia dini: botol plastik, gelas plastik, kardus bekas susu formula, kulit jagung, kain perca, baju daur ulang, dan lain sebagainya. Sementara kreativitas merupakan hal yang terpenting khususnya bagi mahasiswa S1 PG-PAUD yang akan menjadi calon guru / pendidik di PAUD. Tujuan dari kreativitas untuk mengembangkan anak dalam hal kemampuan berfikir, berapresiasi, bereksplorasi dan berkreasi. Dalam memanfaatkan bahan daur ulang, mahasiswa S1 PG-PAUD UNUSA belajar mengolah perasaan, kepekaan, intuisi dan imajinasinya. Dengan demikian kreativitas di PAUD menjadi strategis dalam pengembangan kreativitas sebagai calon guru / pendidik dan anak di PAUD. Berdasarkan kerangka pemikiran tersebut, sangat diperlukan penelitian yang ditujukan dalam memanfaatkan media bahan daur ulang untuk meningkatkan kreativitas mahasiswa S1 PG-PAUD di UNUSA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), karena penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas mahasiswa S1 PGPAUD di UNUSA. Adanya peningkatan kreativtias mahasiswa S1 PG-PAUD UNUSA dari tiap tingkatan siklus, Hal ini dibuktikan bahwa dengan memanfaatkan media bahan daur ulang dapat meningkatkan kreativitas mahasiswa, dalam pengambilan data. pada siklus I ketuntasan meningkatakan kreativitas mahasiswa S1 PG-PAUD UNUSA sebesar 68% meningkat di siklus II menjadi 78%
Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının Rehberlik ve Araştırma Merkezlerine ilişkin metaforik algıları
Authors: UYSAL Ahmet Zeki , SOLA ÖZGÜÇ Canan , UZUNKOL Ebru
Published: May 2019

Rehberlik ve Araştırma Merkezleri (RAM)
eğitim-öğretim kurumlarındaki rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerine
ilişkin çalışmalar ile bölgesindeki özel eğitim gerektiren bireylerin
tanılanması, yerleştirilmesi ve eğitsel planlamalarının yapılarak takip
edilmesi sürecini yürütmekle yükümlüdürler. Ancak sürecin doğru işleyebilmesi
için sınıf öğretmeni tarafından RAM’a öğrencinin özellikleri ile ilgili
bilgilendirme yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu aşamada sınıf öğretmenlerinin konu
ile ilgili sahip olduğu bilgi ve beceriler önem kazanmaktadır. Bu düşünceden
yola çıkılarak sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının RAM’lara ilişkin algılarının
metaforlar aracılığıyla belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma
yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Sakarya
Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Sınıf Eğitimi Lisans Programı son sınıfta öğrenim
görmekte olan 54 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Veriler ise sınıf öğretmeni
adaylarının kişisel bilgilerine ilişkin bir bölüm ve “Rehberlik ve Araştırma
Merkezi ………….. gibidir, çünkü …………..” ifadesinin yer aldığı bir bölüm olmak
üzere iki bölümden oluşan bir form aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin
analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda sınıf öğretmeni
adaylarının daha çok RAM’ların işlevlerine yönelik metaforlar ürettikleri
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Buna göre sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının 17’si RAM’ları
öğrenciyi tanıyıp ona yol gösterici bir kurum olarak algılamaktadır. Bununla
birlikte sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının 11’ünün Rehberlik ve Araştırma Merkezine
ilişkin hatalı algılara sahip olduğu bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Buna göre sınıf
öğretmeni adaylarının 8’i RAM’ları eğitim kurumu olarak hizmet veren bir kurum
olarak, 3’ü RAM’ları sağlamış oldukları hizmetin dışında hizmet veren bir kurum
olarak algılamaktadır. Ayrıca sınıf öğretmeni adayları Rehberlik ve Araştırma
Merkezlerinin özelliklerine ilişkin 7 ve yetersiz destek sağlayan kurumlar
olmasına ilişkin 2 metafor üretmişlerdir. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında sınıf
öğretmeni adaylarının RAM’lara ilişkin hatalı algılarının giderilmesi için
öğretmen yetiştirme sürecinde özel eğitim ve eğitsel değerlendirme süreçlerine
ilişkin daha kapsamlı uygulamaların yapılması önerilebilir.
Sistem Penegakan Speed Bump Berdasarkan Kecepatan Kendaraan yang Diklasifikasikan Haar Cascade Classifier
Authors: Zulfikri Muhammad , Yudhaningtyas Erni , Rahmadwati Rahmadwati
Published: May 2019

Kecelakaan lalu lintas sering terjadi disebabkan kendaraan yang melaju dengan kecepatan tinggi. Penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem penegakan speed bump (polisi tidur) yang dapat memberikan peringatan bagi pengemudi dalam memperlambat laju kendaraan dan memberikan kenyamanan saat melaju dengan kecepatan rendah. Penegakan speed bump dilakukan berdasarkan kecepatan kendaraan yang terdeteksi menggunakan metode Haar Cascade Classifier, yang merupakan gabungan beberapa konsep yaitu Haar Features, Integral Image, AdaBoost Learning, dan Cascade Classifier. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan video jalan raya pada satu jalur. Sistem dibuat menggunakan interpreter python dengan library OpenCV. Pendeteksian didapatkan hasil yang cukup baik apabila dilakukan pada intensitas cahaya tinggi, dan didapatkan tingkat akurasi deteksi sebesar 97,92%. Perhitungan kecepatan kendaraan didapatkan dengan membandingkan hasil kecepatan pada sistem dengan video dalam keadaan real time, yang dibuktikan dari tingkat error dengan nilai MSE yaitu 2,88.
Perancangan Sistem Repositori Tugas Akhir Menggunakan Progressive Web App (PWA)
Authors: Aminudin Aminudin , Basren Basri , Nuryasin Ilyas
Published: May 2019

Penggunaan perangkat lunak seperti DSpace, EPrints, ataupun Senayan Library Information Management Systems (SLIMS) dalam membangun sistem repositori tugas akhir menghasilkan sistem yang tidak memiliki karakteristik web modern. Karakteristik yang tidak dimiliki di antaranya tidak bergantung pada konektivitas jaringan sehingga dapat diakses secara offline, terlihat seperti aplikasi native pada umumnya, dapat diinstal pada homescreen perangkat pengguna, dan menampilkan splashscreen ketika awal aplikasi dibuka. Oleh karena itu, untuk membangun sistem repositori tugas akhir yang memiliki karakteristik web modern maka sistem ini akan dibangun berbasis Progressive Web App (PWA) dengan menggunakan teknologi service worker, manifest web app, dan architecture app shell. Dari Hasil implementasi PWA pada sistem menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan service worker akan membuat website tidak bergantung pada konektivitas jaringan sehingga dapat diakses secara offline. Sedangkan, dengan menggunakan manifest web app, website dapat memunculkan pop-up add to homescreen (A2HS) yang berguna bagi pengguna untuk melakukan instalasi sistem pada homescreen perangkat dan memunculkan splashscreen ketika pengguna mengakses sistem melalui icon pada homescreen perangkat. Selain itu, dengan mengimplementasikan architecture app shell membuat perpindahan halaman pada website tidak melakukan load ulang halaman secara keseluruhan. Dari hasil pada pengujian kualitas PWA berdasarkan baseline progressive web app checklist dihasilkan skor 92.4/99. Skor ini menunjukkan bahwa PWA telah diimplementasikan dengan baik pada sistem repositori tugas akhir yang dibangun.
Managing Loneliness in the Elderly and Finding Meaning in Ageing
Authors: Higuchi Machiko
Published: May 2019

Loneliness refers to living alone, social isolation, and anomie [1]. The majority of people die gradually, and the few hours before death are important. However, owing to declining health, the process of saying farewell to others begins well before the final hours, making elderly people feel socially isolated. Though elderly people naturally feel the need for interpersonal relationships, these gradually decline and their senses also become weak. It is the most painful moment for elderly people and people who are dying to find that an intimate relationship, which had taken a long time to develop, has been lost [2]. Loneliness is a growing health epidemic. We live in the most technologically connected age in the history of civilization, and yet the rates of loneliness have doubled since the 1980s. Today, over 40% of Americans report feeling lonely and research suggests that the real number may well be higher [3].
Medication Associated Salivary Gland Alterations– Assessment of risk
Authors: Thavarajah Rooban , Joshua Elizabeth , Rao Umadevi , Ranganathan Kannan
Published: May 2019

Brief Background
Medication Associated Salivary Gland Alterations (MASGA) are a common set of adverse events (AE) associated with many common medications. There are a few reports of the risk of MASGA with medication.

Materials and Methods
Using whole database approach, the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) of the United States of America was searched for MASGA. Common alterations and drugs associated were assessed for the Reporting Odds Ratio, as mentioned in pharmacovigilance researches.

Results
In the time phase considered, there were in all 16996785 AE reported in the FAERs database. Of this 68624 were related to MASGA with Dry Mouth and hypersecretion
being most common. Anti-psychotic drugs predominated the hypersecretion spectrum with clozapine having a ROR of 58.04 followed by Haloperidol (25.29). Among the drugs that caused SG enlargement, potassium iodide (1335.32) and Oxyphenbutazone (696.58) had the highest ROR. Non-specific description of altered saliva was seen with high ROR in haloperidol and enoxaparin sodium (14.22).

Summary and Conclusions
Odds Ratio of drugs causing MASGA are. chronic medication such as those given for non-communicable, life style diseases and psychiatric medications known to cause MASGA.

Key Words
Salivary Alterations, Xerostomia, Salivary gland enlargement, Adverse Events, Pharmacovigilance
Intersowing Cover Crops into Standing Soybean in the US Upper Midwest
Authors: Peterson Alan T. , Berti Marisol T. , Samarappuli Dulan
Published: May 2019

Nutrient losses and soil erosion after soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) harvest are common in the US Upper Midwest. Cover crops need to provide adequate growth and cover to prevent soil degradation throughout the winter and early spring months. The objective of this study was to determine the establishment of intersown cover crops and their impacts on a soybean-wheat rotation. Four cover crops—winter camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz), winter pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense (L.) Poir), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.)—were directly sown at the R4 and R6 stages of soybean at two locations, Prosper and Fargo, ND in 2016–2017. Cover crops above ground biomass in the fall ranged from 0.4 to 3.0 Mg ha−1 and N accumulation ranged from 28.7 to 73.2 kg ha−1. Winter camelina and winter rye reduced subsequent spring wheat yield compared with the no cover crop treatment. Fall soil residual NO3-N levels were lowest where cover crops were sown compared with the check. Spring NO3-N levels were lowest in winter camelina and winter rye compared with all the other cover crops and the check. Results indicated intersowing cover crops have no impact on soybean yield, and show potential to mitigate soil nitrate losses in areas that grow soybean as a cash crop.
Effects of Phytase Supplementation to Diets with or without Zinc Addition on Growth Performance and Zinc Utilization of White Pekin Ducks
Authors: Attia Youssef A. , Addeo Nicola F. , Abd Al-Hamid Abd Al-Hamid E. , Bovera Fulvia
Published: May 2019

The effect of phytase and inorganic Zn supplementation was studied in 180 male White Pekin ducks (WPD) from 1 to 56 days of age. The birds were divided into four groups fed the same basal diet (containing 26 ppm of Zn from raw materials): the control group did not receive Zn supplementation; the second group was supplemented with 30 ppm of Zn oxide; and the third and fourth groups were fed the control and the 30 ppm diets, respectively, both supplemented with 500 U of E. coli phytase. Each group contained five replicates of nine ducks. The body weight and feed intake were recorded at 1, 28 and 56 days of age. At 56 days of age, five birds/group were used to measure feed digestibility and five other birds/group were slaughtered. Zn at 30 ppm increased the body weight gain (BWG, p < 0.01) and feed intake (p < 0.05) and improved the feed conversion (FCR, p < 0.05) of the growing ducks. The Zn retention and Zn level in the excreta increased (p < 0.01) due to Zn supplementation. The addition of phytase improved BWG (p < 0.01) and FCR (p < 0.05) of growing ducks. The use of phytase reduced (p < 0.01) the level of Zn in duck excreta. Phytase supplementation to the basal diet at 30 ppm seems to be adequate to meet Zn requirements for ducks without further Zn additions.
A Retrospective Analysis of Complaints to RSPCA Queensland, Australia, about Dog Welfare
Authors: Shih Hao Yu , Paterson Mandy B. A. , Phillips Clive J. C.
Published: May 2019

Animal neglect and cruelty are important welfare and social issues. We conducted an epidemiological study of dog welfare complaints and identified risk factors. The retrospective study included 107,597 dog welfare complaints received by RSPCA Queensland from July 2008 to June 2018. The risk factors considered were the age of dogs and the year of being reported. The number of complaints received each year increased by 6.2% per year. The most common complaints were poor dog body conformation, insufficient food and/or water, dogs receiving inadequate exercise, and dogs being confined or tethered. Increasing numbers were most evident for poor living conditions and leaving dogs in a hot vehicle unattended, both of which may have resulted from increasing public awareness. The majority of complaints were neglect-related rather than related to deliberate cruelty. Compared with puppies, adult dogs were more likely to be reported to have been poisoned, left unattended in a hot car or abandoned, as well as to have had inadequate exercise and shelter. Reported puppies were more likely to be alleged to have experienced cruelty, lack of veterinary support, overcrowding, poor living and health conditions, and inappropriate surgery. In conclusion, animal neglect was the most commonly reported welfare concern in dogs. Due to an assumed increasing public awareness of some types of cruelty, the trends of reported concerns differed. Adult dogs and puppies were reported to be involved in different types of welfare concerns. Strategies to address cruelty to dogs can be informed by an understanding of risk factors and trends in types of cruelty.
Dietary Pomegranate Pulp: Effect on Ewe Milk Quality during Late Lactation
Authors: Valenti Bernardo , Luciano Giuseppe , Morbidini Luciano , Rossetti Umberto , Codini Michela , Avondo Marcella , Priolo Alessandro , Bella Marco , Natalello Antonio , Pauselli Mariano
Published: May 2019

Pomegranate pulp, a by-product of the pomegranate juice industry, contains a remarkable quantity of bioactive compounds that can favorably affect ruminant metabolism and milk quality. The present paper investigated the effect of dietary pomegranate pulp on milk yield and quality during late lactation in grazing ewes. Twenty Comisana ewes (150 ± 10 days in milk) were subdivided into control (CTRL) and pomegranate (PP) groups. The CTRL group received a corn-barley based concentrate, while the PP group received a concentrate containing 64.8% pomegranate pulp. Dietary treatment did not affect milk yield. CTRL milk had a greater percentage of β-casein and total casein, while αs1-casein percentage tended to be greater in the PP group. The PP milk showed a lower percentage of 14:0, 16:0, but a greater percentage of vaccenic, rumenic, and α-linolenic acid. Punicic acid was detected only in the PP milk. Total antioxidant capacity (ORAC) was greater in the CTRL milk as compared with the hydrophilic ORAC. Dietary pomegranate pulp increased milk health quality with no detrimental effects on milk yield. Therefore, pomegranate pulp could represent a strategy for improving milk quality and reducing feeding cost during a less profitable phases such as late lactation. Also, dietary pomegranate pulp, as an alternative to traditional feedstuffs, may lower feed-to-food competition in livestock production.
Maternal Selenium and Developmental Programming
Authors: Pappas Athanasios C. , Zoidis Evangelos , Chadio Stella E.
Published: May 2019

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element of fundamental importance to health due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive properties, attributed to its presence within at least 25 selenoproteins (Sel). In this review, we describe some of the recent progress, in our understanding, on the impact of maternal Se intake during the periconceptional period on offspring development and health. Maternal nutrition affects the performance and health of the progeny, and both maternal and offspring Se supplementations are essential for the optimal health and antioxidant protection of the offspring. The case of Se in epigenetic programming and early life nutrition is also discussed.
Effects of Selenium and Cadmium on Breast Muscle Fatty-Acid Composition and Gene Expression of Liver Antioxidant Proteins in Broilers
Authors: Zoidis Evangelos , Papadomichelakis George , Pappas Athanasios C. , Theodorou Georgios , Fegeros Kostas
Published: May 2019

The present work was part of a project intended to evaluate whether organic selenium (Se) has the potential to protect against toxic effects exerted by cadmium (Cd). For this reason, 300 as-hatched, one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated in four dietary treatments with five replicate pens per treatment. Chickens in T1 treatment, were offered a diet supplemented with 0.3 ppm Se (as Se-yeast), without added Cd; in T2 treatment, they were offered a diet with 0.3 ppm Se and 10 ppm Cd; in T3 treatment, they were offered a diet with 0.3 ppm Se and 100 ppm Cd; in T4 treatment, chickens were offered a diet supplemented with 3 ppm Se and 100 ppm Cd. Cadmium was added to the diets in T2, T3, and T4 as CdCl2. On the fourth and sixth weeks, liver and breast samples were obtained from two broilers per replicate pen. Relative gene expression levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 2 (SOD2), methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) and B3 (MSRB3), iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (DIO1), 2 (DIO2), and 3 (DIO3), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and 4 (GPX4), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) and 3 (TXNRD3), and metallothionein 3 (MT3) were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR in liver, whereas the fatty-acid (FA) profile of breast muscle was determined by gas chromatography. Broilers supplemented with 0.3 ppm Se could tolerate low levels of Cd present in the diets, as there were no significant changes in the breast muscle FA profile, whereas excess Cd led to decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and in particular n-6 PUFA. Furthermore, treatments mainly affected the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of SOD2, TXNRD3, and MT3, while age affected CAT, MSRB3, DIO2, DIO3, GPX4, TXNRD1, and MT3. In conclusion, dietary Se may help against the negative effects of Cd, but cannot be effective when Cd is present at excessive amounts in the diet.
A Novel Wavelet-Based Algorithm for Detection of QRS Complex
Authors: Lin Chun-Cheng , Chang Hung-Yu , Huang Yan-Hua , Yeh Cheng-Yu
Published: May 2019

Accurate QRS detection is an important first step for almost all automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) analyzing systems. However, QRS detection is difficult, not only because of the wide variety of ECG waveforms but also because of the interferences caused by various types of noise. This study proposes an improved QRS complex detection algorithm based on a four-level biorthogonal spline wavelet transform. A noise evaluation method is proposed to quantify the noise amount and to select a lower-noise wavelet detail signal instead of removing high-frequency components in the preprocessing stage. The QRS peaks can be detected by the extremum pairs in the selected wavelet detail signal and the proposed decision rules. The results show the high accuracy of the proposed algorithm, which achieves a 0.25% detection error rate, 99.84% sensitivity, and 99.92% positive prediction value, evaluated using the MIT-BIT arrhythmia database. The proposed algorithm improves the accuracy of QRS detection in comparison with several wavelet-based and non-wavelet-based approaches.
Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of an Edge Filter on the Combining Efficiency and Beam Quality of a 10-kW-Class Spectral Beam-Combining System
Authors: Ma Jun , Chen Fan , Wei Cong , Zhu Rihong
Published: May 2019

Filter-based spectral beam combining (FSBC) is a promising power-scaling concept for high-power, broad-linewidth fiber lasers, as it relaxes the requirements for linewidth control and also the sizes of the individual beams. As the combining element in the FSBC system, the steep-edge filter plays a major role in achievement of the combining efficiency and the beam quality. In this case, we combine the uncorrelated surface roughness model and the combining efficiency model, and we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the effects of surface roughness, thickness error, and incident angle on the filter’s optical properties and the combining efficiency, in order to determine the optimal configuration for the laser beam-combining system. The simulation results show a good agreement with the measured ones. Meanwhile, through the adoption of the angular spectrum theory, this paper has also conducted a preliminary analysis of the influence of the combining elements on the quality of the combined beam, and some theoretical instructions on the future design of the spectral beam-combining system are provided.
The Effect of Elevated Temperatures on the TRM-to-Masonry Bond: Comparison of Normal Weight and Lightweight Matrices
Authors: Askouni Paraskevi D. , Papanicolaou Catherine (Corina) G. , Kaffetzakis Michael I.
Published: May 2019

Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) is a composite material that has already been successfully used as an externally bonded strengthening means of existing structures. The bond of TRM with various substrates is of crucial importance for determining the degree of exploitation of the textile. However, little is known on the effect of elevated/high temperatures on the TRM-to-substrate bond characteristics while relevant testing protocols are also lacking. This study focuses on the experimental assessment of the TRM-to-masonry bond after exposure of masonry wallettes unilaterally furnished with TRM strips at 120 °C and 200 °C for 1 h. The shear bond tests on cooled-down specimens were carried out using the single-lap/single-prism set-up. Two TRM systems were investigated sharing the same type of textile, which is a dry AR glass fiber one (either in a single-layer or in a double-layer configuration) and different matrices: one normal weight (TRNM) and another lightweight (TRLM) of equal compressive strengths. At control conditions (non-heated specimens) and after exposure at a nominal air temperature of 120 °C, both single-layer TRM systems exhibited similar bond capacities. After exposure at a nominal air temperature of 200 °C single-layer and double-layer TRNM overlays outperformed their TRLM counterparts. A critical discussion is based on phenomenological evidence and measured response values.
Enhanced Automatic Speech Recognition System Based on Enhancing Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefficients
Authors: Tamazin Mohamed , Gouda Ahmed , Khedr Mohamed
Published: May 2019

Many new consumer applications are based on the use of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, such as voice command interfaces, speech-to-text applications, and data entry processes. Although ASR systems have remarkably improved in recent decades, the speech recognition system performance still significantly degrades in the presence of noisy environments. Developing a robust ASR system that can work in real-world noise and other acoustic distorting conditions is an attractive research topic. Many advanced algorithms have been developed in the literature to deal with this problem; most of these algorithms are based on modeling the behavior of the human auditory system with perceived noisy speech. In this research, the power-normalized cepstral coefficient (PNCC) system is modified to increase robustness against the different types of environmental noises, where a new technique based on gammatone channel filtering combined with channel bias minimization is used to suppress the noise effects. The TIDIGITS database is utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed system in comparison to the state-of-the-art techniques in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and seven different types of environmental noises. In this research, one word is recognized from a set containing 11 possibilities only. The experimental results showed that the proposed method provides significant improvements in the recognition accuracy at low signal to noise ratios (SNR). In the case of subway noise at SNR = 5 dB, the proposed method outperforms the mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) and relative spectral (RASTA)–perceptual linear predictive (PLP) methods by 55% and 47%, respectively. Moreover, the recognition rate of the proposed method is higher than the gammatone frequency cepstral coefficient (GFCC) and PNCC methods in the case of car noise. It is enhanced by 40% in comparison to the GFCC method at SNR 0dB, while it is improved by 20% in comparison to the PNCC method at SNR −5dB.
Mapping Distributional Semantics to Property Norms with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Li Dandan , Summers-Stay Douglas
Published: May 2019

Word embeddings have been very successful in many natural language processing tasks, but they characterize the meaning of a word/concept by uninterpretable “context signatures”. Such a representation can render results obtained using embeddings difficult to interpret. Neighboring word vectors may have similar meanings, but in what way are they similar? That similarity may represent a synonymy, metonymy, or even antonymy relation. In the cognitive psychology literature, in contrast, concepts are frequently represented by their relations with properties. These properties are produced by test subjects when asked to describe important features of concepts. As such, they form a natural, intuitive feature space. In this work, we present a neural-network-based method for mapping a distributional semantic space onto a human-built property space automatically. We evaluate our method on word embeddings learned with different types of contexts, and report state-of-the-art performances on the widely used McRae semantic feature production norms.
Interleukin-33 Involvement in Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinomas: An Update
Authors: Casciaro Marco , Cardia Roberta , Di Salvo Eleonora , Tuccari Giovanni , Ieni Antonio , Gangemi Sebastiano
Published: May 2019

Lung carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving genetic mutations and epigenetic changes, with the acquisition of a malignant phenotype characterized by apoptosis resistance, unregulated proliferation and differentiation, invasion, and metastatic abilities. However, neoplastic development and progression seem to be aided by non-neoplastic cells; the molecules they produced can either promote the immune response or, alternatively, support tumor pathogenesis. Consequently, the relative contribution of tumor-associated inflammatory pathways to cancer development has become crucial information. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an IL-1-like alarmin, and it is a ligand for the suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) receptor. IL-33 functions as a dual role cytokine with the ability to induce T-helper-type 2 (Th2) immune cells and translocate into the nucleus, suppressing gene transcription. Although its function in immunity- and immune-related disorders is well known, its role in tumorigenesis is still debated. The IL-33/ST2 axis is emerging as a powerful modulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by recruiting immune cells, able to modify the TME, supporting malignant proliferation or improving antitumor immunity. In the present review, we discuss IL-33′s potential role in lung carcinogenesis and its possible application as a therapeutic target.
Perfusion Changes at the Forehead Measured by Photoplethysmography during a Head-Down Tilt Protocol
Authors: Ysehak Abay Tomas , Shafqat Kamran , Kyriacou Panayiotis A.
Published: May 2019

Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals from the forehead can be used in pulse oximetry as they are less affected by vasoconstriction compared to fingers. However, the increase in venous blood caused by the positioning of the patient can deteriorate the signals and cause erroneous estimations of the arterial oxygen saturation. To date, there is no method to measure this venous presence under the PPG sensor. This study investigates the feasibility of using PPG signals from the forehead in an effort to estimate relative changes in haemoglobin concentrations that could reveal these posture-induced changes. Two identical reflectance PPG sensors were placed on two different positions on the forehead (above the eyebrow and on top of a large vein) in 16 healthy volunteers during a head-down tilt protocol. Relative changes in oxygenated ( Δ HbO 2 ), reduced ( Δ HHb) and total ( Δ tHb) haemoglobin were estimated from the PPG signals and the trends were compared with reference Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements. Also, the signals from the two PPG sensors were analysed in order to reveal any difference due to the positioning of the sensor. Δ HbO 2 , Δ HHb and Δ tHb estimated from the forehead PPGs trended well with the same parameters from the reference NIRS. However, placing the sensor over a large vasculature reduces trending against NIRS, introduces biases as well as increases the variability of the changes in Δ HHb. Forehead PPG signals can be used to measure perfusion changes to reveal venous pooling induced by the positioning of the subject. Placing the sensor above the eyebrow and away from large vasculature avoids biases and large variability in the measurements.
Modulating Observation-Execution-Related Motor Cortex Activity by Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Authors: Qi Fengxue , Nitsche Michael A. , Zschorlich Volker R.
Published: May 2019

The aim of this randomized sham-controlled study was to examine the impact of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) during movement observation on subsequent execution-related motor cortex activity. Thirty healthy participants received sham or real ctDCS (1 mA) over the left M1 for 10 minutes, respectively. The participants observed a video showing repeated button pressing tasks of the right hand during the sham or real ctDCS, followed by performance of these tasks by the right hand. Motor-evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded from the resting right first dorsal interosseous muscle before movement observation during the sham or real ctDCS, immediately after observation of actions, and after subsequent movement execution. The results of the ANOVA showed a significant main effect on the group (F1,28 = 4.60, p = 0.041) and a significant interaction between time and the group (F2,56 = 5.34, p = 0.008). As revealed by respective post hoc tests, ctDCS induced a significant reduction of MEP amplitudes in connection with movement observation (p = 0.026, Cohen’s d = 0.861) and after subsequent movement execution (p = 0.018, Cohen’s d = 0.914) in comparison with the sham stimulation. It is concluded that ctDCS during movement observation was effective in terms of modulating motor cortex excitability. Moreover, it subsequently influenced execution-related motor cortex activity. This indicates a possible application for rehabilitative treatment in syndromes with pathologically enhanced cortical activity.
Characterizing Fatigue-Related White Matter Changes in MS: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Yarraguntla Kalyan , Bao Fen , Lichtman-Mikol Samuel , Razmjou Sara , Santiago-Martinez Carla , Seraji-Bozorgzad Navid , Sriwastava Shitiz , Bernitsas Evanthia
Published: May 2019

Few cross-sectional studies have investigated the correlation between neurochemical changes and multiple sclerosis (MS) fatigue, but little is known on the fatigue-related white matter differences between time points. We aim to investigate the longitudinal neurometabolite profile of white matter in MS fatigue. Forty-eight relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients with an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) ≤ 4 underwent high field 1H-multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at baseline and year 1. Fatigue severity was evaluated by the fatigue severity scale (FSS). Patients were divided into low (LF, FSS ≤ 3), moderate (MF, FSS = 3.1–5), and high fatigue (HF, FSS ≥ 5.1) groups. In a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we observed a decline in the ratio of the sum of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) to the sum of creatine (Cr) and phosphocreatine (PCr) in the right anterior quadrant (RAQ) and left anterior quadrant (LAQ) of the MRS grid in the HF group at baseline and year 1. This decline was significant when compared with the LF group (p = 0.018 and 0.020). In a one-way ANOVA, the fatigue group effect was significant and the ratio difference in the right posterior quadrant (RPQ) and left posterior quadrant (LPQ) of the HF group was also significant (p = 0.012 and 0.04). Neurochemical changes in the bilateral frontal white matter and possibly parietooccipital areas were noted in the HF group at two different time points. Our findings may shed some light on the pathology of MS fatigue.
Interplay Between LOX Enzymes and Integrins in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Amendola Pier Giorgio , Reuten Raphael , Erler Janine Terra
Published: May 2019

Members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family are secreted copper-dependent amine oxidases that catalyze the covalent crosslinking of collagens and elastin in the extracellular matrix (ECM), an essential process for the structural integrity of all tissues. LOX enzymes can also remodel the tumor microenvironment and have been implicated in all stages of tumor initiation and progression of many cancer types. Changes in the ECM can influence several cancer cell phenotypes. Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) physically connect cells with their microenvironment. This review article summarizes the main findings on the role of LOX proteins in modulating the tumor microenvironment, with a particular focus on how ECM changes are integrated by IACs to modulate cells behavior. Finally, we discuss how the development of selective LOX inhibitors may lead to novel and effective therapies in cancer treatment.
Dimethyl Ether to Olefins over Modified ZSM-5 Based Catalysts Stabilized by Hydrothermal Treatment
Authors: Magomedova Maria , Galanova Ekaterina , Davidov Ilya , Afokin Mikhail , Maximov Anton
Published: May 2019

The reaction of dimethyl ether to olefin over HZSM-5/Al2O3 catalysts modified by Zr and Mg and stabilized by hydrothermal treatment has been studied. Regardless of the introduction method and the nature of the metal, the dependence of the key products selectivity on X(DME) over hydrothermally treated steady-state catalysts does not change, and the experimental points are described by the same curves. Metal introduction and the corresponding changes in the acid sites distribution do not change the ratio of main reaction rates, only the absolute values of the formation rate of the products are changed. Zr doping leads to the greatest activity in the DME conversion due to an equable decrease in the total acidity of the sample. On the other hand, the Mg-modified sample has a higher amount of weak acid sites, which reduces activity. At low DME conversion, methanol is one of the primary reaction products which formed from DME simultaneously with propylene in alkene cycle. At high DME conversion, the methanol acts as a main reagent which leads to ethylene formation in the arene cycle. Based on the results, the role of the metal in the reaction chemistry is considered and the mechanism of product formation from DME over steady-state catalyst is proposed, which describes both the participation of DME and the methanol produced.