bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions by a Single Layer Graphene
Authors: Gaire Babu , Singla Saranshu , Dhinojwala Ali
Published: February 2021

A single layer of graphene when transferred to a solid substrate has the ability to screen or transmit interactions from the underlying substrate, which has direct consequences in applications of this 2D material to flexible electronics and sensors. Previous reports using a multitude of techniques present contradictory views on graphene’s ability to screen or transmit van der Waals (vdW) and polar interactions. In the present study, we use interface-sensitive spectroscopy to demonstrate that a single layer graphene is opaque to hydrogen bonding interactions (a subset of acid-base interactions), answering a question that has remained unresolved for a decade. Similar frequency shifts of sapphire hydroxyl (OH) for graphene-coated sapphire in contact with air and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) demonstrate the insensitivity of sapphire OH to PDMS. The screening ability of graphene is also evident in the smaller magnitude of this frequency shift for graphene-coated sapphire in comparison to that for bare sapphire. The screening of acid-base interactions by a single layer graphene results in the significant reduction of adhesion hysteresis for PDMS lens on graphene-coated substrates (sapphire and silicon wafer, SiO2/Si) than bare substrates. Our results have implications in the use of PDMS stamps to transfer graphene to other substrates eliminating the need for a wet-transfer process
Differential Effects of Modified Batrachotoxins on Voltage-gated Sodium Channel Fast and Slow Inactivation
Authors: MacKenzie Tim M. G. , Abderemane-Ali Fayal , Garrison Catherine E. , L. Minor Jr. Daniel , Du Bois Justin
Published: February 2021

Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs), large transmembrane protein complexes responsible for the initiation and propagation of action potentials, are targets for a number of acute poisons. Many of these agents act as allosteric modulators of channel activity and serve as powerful chemical tools for understanding channel function. Batrachotoxin (BTX) is a steroidal amine derivative most commonly associated with poison dart frogs and is unique as a NaV ligand in that it alters every property of the channel, including threshold potential of activation, inactivation, ion selectivity, and ion conduction. Structure-function studies with BTX are limited, however, by the inability to access preparative quantities of this compound from natural sources. We have addressed this problem through de novo synthesis of BTX, which gives access to modified toxin structures. In this report, we detail electrophysiology studies of three BTX C20-ester derivatives against recombinant NaV subtypes (rat NaV1.4 and human NaV1.5). Two of these compounds, BTX-B and BTX-cHx, are functionally equivalent to BTX, hyperpolarizing channel activation and blocking both fast and slow inactivation. BTX-yne—a C20-n-heptynoate ester—is a conspicuous outlier, eliminating fast but not slow inactivation. This unique property qualifies BTX-yne as the first reported NaV modulator that separates inactivation processes. These findings are supported by functional studies with bacterial NaVs (BacNaVs) that lack a fast inactivation gate. The availability of BTX-yne should advance future efforts aimed at understanding NaV gating mechanisms and designing allosteric regulators of NaV activity.
Air-Stable and Visible-Light-Active P-Type Organic Long-Persistent-Luminescence System by Using Organic Photoredox Catalyst
Authors: Jinnai Kazuya , Kabe Ryota , Lin Zesen , Adachi Chihaya
Published: February 2021

Organic long-persistent-luminescent (OLPL) materials that exhibit hour-long photoluminescence have advantages over inorganic materials, such as a sustainability, flexibility, and processability. The OLPL materials store the absorbed energy in an intermediate charge-separated state, but this charge-separated state is unstable to oxygen and does not exhibit persistent luminescence in air. The excitation wavelength of OLPL can be controlled by electron-donor and -acceptor materials, but previous materials require absorption mainly in the ultraviolet region. Here, we show OLPL systems that exhibit a persistent luminescence in air and can be excited by a wavelength from 300-nm to 600-nm. By using cationic photoredox catalysts as an electron-accepting dopant, stable charge-separated states are generated by the hole-diffusion process, as opposed to previous OLPL systems that depend on electron diffusion. By using a hole-diffusion mechanism and reducing the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, the OLPL system becomes stable in air and can be excited by visible light. The addition of hole-trapping material increases the LPL duration..
Screening Tagged Proteins Using Tandem Affinity-Buffer Exchange Chromatography Online with Native Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Busch Florian , VanAernum Zachary , Lai Stella M. , Gopalan Venkat , Wysocki Vicki
Published: February 2021

Protein overexpression and purification are critical for in vitro structure-function characterization studies. However, some proteins are difficult to express robustly in heterologous systems due to host-related (e.g., codon usage, translation rate) and/or protein specific (e.g., toxicity, aggregation) challenges. Therefore, it is often necessary to screen

multiple overexpression and purification conditions to maximize the yield of functional protein, particularly for resource-heavy downstream applications (e.g., biocatalysts, tertiary structure determination, biotherapeutics). Here, we describe an automatable liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based method for rapid, direct analysis of target proteins in cell lysates. This online approach is facilitated by coupling immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), which leverages engineered poly-histidine tags in proteins of interest, with size exclusion-based buffer exchange (OBE) and native mass spectrometry (nMS). The use of IMAC-OBE-nMS to optimize conditions for large-scale protein production should expedite structural biology and biotherapeutic initiatives.
How Aromatic Are Molecular Nanorings? The Case of a Six-Porphyrin Nanoring
Authors: casademont-reig irene , Guerrero-Avilés Raúl , Ramos-Cordoba Eloy , Torrent-Sucarrat Miquel , Matito Eduard
Published: February 2021

Large conjugated rings give rise to novel promising structures that can sustain persistent currents at low temperatures even in the presence of strong magnetic fields. One of the most interesting such molecules was recently synthesized [Anderson et al., Nature, 2017, 541, 3512] in the form of a six-porphyrin nanoring structure, which, according to the authors, in its +6-oxidation state (c-P66+) sustained an aromatic ring current involving 78π electrons; one of the largest aromatic rings ever produced. In this paper, we have provided compelling evidence that this molecule is not aromatic, as it was incorrectly inferred from computational calculations that suffer from large delocalization errors. A thorough analysis of four oxidation states of the six-porphyrin nanoring re- veals that the main reason behind the poor aromaticity of these nanorings is the low delocalization in the transition from the porphyrins to the bridging butadiyne linkers, which disrupts the overall conjugated circuit. These results highlight the importance of choosing an adequate computational method to study large conjugated molecules and the appropriate aromaticity descriptors to identify the part of the molecule that is responsible for the loss of aromaticity. We believe the strategy here employed will be helpful in designing new large aromatic molecular nanorings.
Yetişkinlerde Gıda Etiketi Okuma Bilgi Düzeyi ile Davranışa Geçirme Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: GÖKÇEN Mervenur , SEYLAM KÜŞÜMLER Aylin
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Çalışmada yetişkin bireylerin gıda etiketi okuma bilgi düzeyi ile bu bilginin davranışa geçirilmesi arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma Türkiye’deki 19 yaş üstü çalışan ve çalışmayan kesimden 401 bireyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olan “Gıda Etiketi Okuma ve Sağlık Algılama Bilgi Düzeyi Ölçeği” çalışmanın amacına göre düzenlenip kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmadaki 401 katılımcının yaş ortalaması 38,85±0,57, “bilgi düzeyi” puan ortalaması 9,42±2,10, “davranışa geçirme” puan ortalaması 7,02±3,89 olarak saptanmıştır. Beslenme hakkında danışmanlık alan bireylerin almayanlara göre daha fazla bilgisi olmasına rağmen bilginin davranışa geçirilmesinde anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Kadın katılımcıların etiket okuma bilgi düzeyi erkeklerden daha fazlayken davranışa geçirmede anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Eğitim düzeyi arttıkça bilgi düzeyi artar sonucuna varılmış (p<0,05), fakat düşük eğitim düzeyindeki bireylerin yüksek eğitim düzeyindekilere göre bilgilerini davranışlarına daha çok yansıttığı saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Beden kitle indeksi faktörüne göre bilgi düzeyinde ve davranışa geçirilmesinde anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Çalışmada yetişkinlerin gıda etiketi hakkında bilgi sahibi oldukları, fakat bu bilgilerini davranışlarına yansıtamadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bireylerin sahip oldukları bilgileri davranışa geçirebilmeleri için bilinçlendirici eğitim politikaları geliştirilerek bireylerin farkındalığı artırılmalıdır.
A Different Clinical Presentation for Intestinal Obstruction due to Rapunzel Syndrome: Diarrhea
Authors: TAŞCI Aytaç , YILDIZ Turan
Published: February 2021

Trichobezoars are defined as accumulation of hair or hair like substances in the stomach and/or small intestinal. It’s called Rapunzel syndrome when the accumulated hair ball pass the pylorus and reaches the small intestines and colon from the stomach. Clinical findings and treatment methods may vary according to the localization and size of the hair ball. In the literature; there are a limited of number publications about trichobezoar and Rapunzel syndrome but there hasn’t been a report of intestinal obstruction due to trichobezoar presenting to the emergency department with diarrhea. In this report; we will present a patient who applied to the emergency department with diarrhea and vomiting associated with intestinal obstruction due to Rapunzel syndrome.
EFECTO DEL TRATAMIENTO TÉRMICO SOBRE LA FIRMEZA, SABOR Y ACEPTABILIDAD GENERAL DEL ENLATADO DE CARNE DE CABRITO (Capra hircus) EN SALSA DE LOCHE (Cucurbita moschata), LAMBAYEQUE - 2016
Authors: Cajo Quintana Floricelda , Ipanaqué Guevara Handerson
Published: February 2021

El principal objetivo fue determinar el efecto del tratamiento térmico sobre la firmeza, sabor de la carne y aceptabilidad general del enlatado de cabrito en salsa de loche. Se empleó 10 kg de carne de cabrito tierno de 4 meses de edad y para la elaboración del líquido de gobierno se utilizó como ingrediente principal 10 kg de loche. Se diseñó un esquema experimental 2x2x3, la cual consistió  en la realización de dos formulaciones, 50% de carne de cabrito y 50% de salsa de loche, 60% de carne de cabrito y 40% de salsa de loche; asimismo se emplearon  temperaturas de 110°C y 120°C por tiempos de 40-50-60 minutos de esterilización.Para seleccionar el mejor tratamiento térmico, se realizó una evaluación sensorial aplicada a 10 panelistas a través de una encuesta de escala hedónica de 10 puntos. Promediando todas las puntuaciones de las características sensoriales de color, olor, sabor y apariencia general, se seleccionó la muestra 5, por poseer la mayor calificación de 6,9 puntos. Dicho tratamiento térmico consistió en la formulación de 50% de carne de cabrito y 50% de salsa de loche, a una temperatura de 120 ºC por 50 minutos.La determinación de la muerte térmica, se realizó a través del programa Process Evaluator v 1.0, tomando los datos de la etapa de calentamiento de 50 minutos, se obtuvo el valor F0 = 12.3 minutos, logrando la esterilización comercial del producto.
Convergence or Divergence in EFL Teachers’ and Learners’ Beliefs on Using Smartphones in Learning English: The Case of Master1 Students - University of Tlemcen (Algeria)
Authors: Belkhir-Benmostefa Fatima Zohra
Published: February 2021

The present study attempts to investigate Algerian EFL teachers and learners’ outlooks vis-à-vis the use of smartphones in learning English. The aim from undertaking this study is partially to gain insights into the awareness of Algerian EFL teachers and learners on the importance of integrating smartphones in EFL classroom and partially to find out how much convergent and divergent Algerian teachers and students’ beliefs are in terms of using smartphones in learning English. The study sample consisted of 10 teachers and 30 students of the Department of English in Master 1 level who were enrolled in the academic year of 2019-2020. Data were collected using a questionnaire to examine the students’ beliefs on their use of smartphones in learning English while semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers. Using the descriptive quantitative design, the findings reveal convergence in teachers’ and students’ responses in that they both show positive attitudes towards using smartphones in learning English. This is because learning English with smartphones results in more motivated students, increased exposure to English, extended vocabulary and easier access to information regardless time and place. Even though, a number of challenges were raised from the part of both teachers and students including the small screen size of their smartphones and slow network connections. On the basis of these results, some pedagogical implications and directions were recommended in the end.
Pengembangan Media Koper Petualang Besut untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Andriani Wiwik
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran koperetualang besut dan meningkatkan  motivasi  dan hasil belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan model ADDIE. Validasi instrumen  dilakukan dari tiga validator yang ahli di bidang media dan mencapai tingkat kevalidan rata-rata 92,31%. Hasil penelitian menujukkan hasil belajar kompetensi pengetahuan mengalami peningkatan pada semua muatan pelajaran, rata-rata kompetensi pengetahuan sebelum menggunakan media  PPKN 73 meningkat menjadi 93,57, Bahasa Indonesia 72,3 menjadi 93,75, IPA 76,9 menjadi 95,31, IPS 76,13 menjadi 96,75, SBDP 71 menjadi 90,5. Kompetensi keterampilan dalam menentukan unsur-unsur cerita fiksi dan menyanyikan lagu sesuai tempo juga mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan sebelum menggunakan media. Kesimpulannya Media Koper Petualang Besut dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa.
Methane Mitigation Technology In Ruminants To Reduce The Negative Impacts Of Global Warming
Authors: Haryuni Nining
Published: February 2021

The method used in writing this article is a review of several journals related to methane mitigation technology in ruminants. The purpose of writing this article is to know the technologies that can be applied to the field of animal husbandry to reduce the effects of methane produced by ruminants that can cause global warming. Methane is produced mostly from ruminants in feed fermentation process that occurs in the rumen. 80-95% is produced from fermented feed and 5-20% is produced in the colon. Methane emission mitigation measures in ruminant livestock are conducted in several ways including improving feed quality by increasing concentrate composition, adding feed additive to feed and utilization of acetogenic bacteria.
PENGANTAR REDAKSI
Authors: Redaksi Redaksi
Published: February 2021

PENGANTAR REDAKSI
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Authors: Cover Cover
Published: February 2021

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Zur Genese der Nationsform zwischen Subjektivität und Geschichte
Authors: Özdogan Mihri
Published: February 2021

Dieser Text setzt sich in einem ersten Schritt mit dem weit verbreiteten, nicht zuletzt durch den Sozialkonstruktivismus vertretenen Ansatz, dass die Nation als »vorgestellte Gemeinschaft« als ein Ergebnis der infolge der Aufklärung und der französischen Revolution angestoßenen gesellschaftlichen Diskurse zu begreifen ist, kritisch auseinander. Im nächsten Schritt wird in Anlehnung an Symbolund Sozialisationstheorie von Lorenzer gezeigt, inwiefern in der nationalen Imagination die Verdichtung der politischen und kulturellen Zusammenhänge, der widersprüchlichen sozialen Erfahrungen zu Bildern stattfindet, mittels derer die Homogenisierung und Nationalisierung der Einzelnen und somit auch der Gesellschaft geleistet wird. In einem letzten Schritt wird im Lichte der entwickelten Ideen zur Genese und psychosozialen Funktionalität nationaler Imaginationen der Prozess der Nationalisierung der türkischen Gesellschaft beleuchtet. Bei der Untersuchung der Übergangsepoche von einem Vielvölkerstaat (Osmanisches Reich) zu einem Nationalstaat (Türkische Republik) wird einerseits anhand des historischen Konstitutionsprozesses die präsentative Symbolik des Nationalen dargelegt und andererseits werden auch die sozialisatorischen und psychosozialen Folgen der nationalen Ikonografie aufgezeigt.
Anerkennung, aber wie?
Authors: Suciyan Talin
Published: February 2021

In ihrem Artikel setzt sich Talin Suciyan mit den problematischen Aspekten der Debatte über die Anerkennung bzw. Leugnung des Genozids an den ArmenierInnen in Deutschland auseinander. Um die darin evidenten Relativierungen, die Nivellierungen von Opfern und TäterInnen, zu zeigen, diskutiert und analysiert sie die Inhalte der Veranstaltungen, das sind Tagungen, Konferenzen und Filmvorführungen, die anlässlich des 100. Gedenkjahres des Genozids im Jahr 2015 in Deutschland stattgefunden haben. In diesem Kontext erörtert sie ferner kritisch die vom Bundestag im Juni 2016 angenommene Resolution. Darüber hinaus, weist Suciyan darauf hin, dass auch Deutschland ein Land für die Nachkommen von Überlebenden des Genozids an den ArmenierInnen war und ist, und dass die Angehörigen nachfolgender Generationen von Überlebenden nach wie vor tagtäglich mit der systematischen Gewalt der Leugnung konfrontiert sind. Der Beitrag zeigt somit auf, dass sich die hier rekonstruierten Logiken der Leugnung – bewusst oder unbewusst –, grundsätzlich auch in Deutschland, im Land der offiziellen Anerkennung des Holocausts, in vielen Bereichen – und dabei nicht zuletzt auf wissenschaftlichen Tagungen und Konferenzen, bei Gedenkveranstaltungen sowie in der Resolution – reproduziert haben.
Планирование и оценка исследований биоэквивалентности препаратов с нелинейной фармакокинетикой
Authors: Уварова Наталия Евгеньевна , Ерёменко Наталья Николаевна , Раменская Галина Владиславовна , Горячев Дмитрий Владимирович
Published: February 2021

Изучение биоэквивалентности является одним из ключевых исследований, необходимых для регистрации воспроизведенного лекарственного препарата для перорального при-ема. Дизайн указанного типа исследования обусловливается многими факторами, в том числе линейностью фармакокинетики действующего вещества. При регистрации нескольких дозировок препарата именно от данного свойства будет зависеть выбор дозы в исследовании биоэквивалентности. На примере атазанавира и валацикловира рассмотрены регуляторные требования к планированию исследований биоэквивалентности препаратов, обладающих нелинейной фармакокинетикой. Анализ исследований биоэквивалентности согласно данным государственного реестра лекарственных средств (ГРЛС), а также опубликованных открытых данных исследований биоэквивалентности выявил различия как в изучаемых дозировках, так и в количестве проведенных исследований. При планировании и оценке исследований биоэквивалентности (БЭ) препаратов с нелинейной фармакокинетикой следует принимать во внимание характеристики действующего вещества, все доступные литературные данные, международный опыт и современные регуляторные требования.
Влияние лихенина и пектина при хронической интоксикации мышей хлоридом кадмия (II)
Authors: Слепцов Игорь Витальевич , Прокопьев Илья Андреевич , Кан Ми Ун , Воронов Иван Васильевич , Рожина Сахаяна Михайловна
Published: February 2021

Из талломов Flavocetraria cucullata выделен лихенин и из вегетативной массы Amaranthus retroflexus пектин и установлен их мономерный состав. Показано, что полисахариды лихенин и пектин способствовали эффективному выведению ионов кадмия из организма при хронической интоксикации. В опытных группах мышей, принимавших 1 и 2 % водные растворы пектина и лихенина, не наблюдалось роста уровня перекисного окисления липидов, повышения содержания суммы низкомолекулярных антиоксидантов (НМАО) и активности суперодксиддисмутазы в эритроцитах относительно контроля. Показано, при хронической интоксикации хлоридом кадмия (II) наиболее эффективным было введение 1 % растворов лихенина и пектина, при котором содержание малонового диальдегида и суммы НМАО сохранялось на уровне интактной группы. Это может быть связано с тем, что 2 % растворы пектина и лихенина имеют более высокую вязкость, что уменьшает их биодоступность в организме мышей.
Эффекты природного органического пигмента астаксантина и перспективы его применения при болезни Альцгеймера
Authors: Малашенкова Ирина Константиновна , Селищева Алла Анатольевна , Куликов Евгений Александрович , Огурцов Даниил Павлович , Крынский Сергей Андреевич , Лотош Наталья Юрьевна , Москвина Светлана Николаевна , Величковский Борис Митрофанович
Published: February 2021

Обзор посвящен анализу современной литературы по изучению эффектов каротиноида астаксантина и перспективам его применения при неврологической патологии. Описываются физико-химические характеристики астаксантина, предполагаемые механизмы его антиоксидантного, противовоспалительного и иммуномодулирующего действия. В контексте роли нейровоспаления и окислительного стресса в патогенезе болезни Альцгеймера, обсуждаются результаты исследований использования астаксантина при нейродегенерации. Обосновывается перспективность изучения астаксантина как потенциального лекарственного средства в комплексной терапии ранних стадий болезни Альцгеймера.
Место спазмолитиков и препаратов урсодезоксихолевой кислоты в комплексной фармакотерапии дискинезий желчевыводящих путей
Authors: Потешкина Наталия Георгиевна , Селиванова Галина Борисовна , Сванадзе Анна Мурадовна , Крылова Наталья Сергеевна
Published: February 2021

Высокая распространенность дискинезий желчевыводящих путей в клинической практике, делает актуальной проблему своевременной диагностики, а также фармакотерапии с учётом разграничения функциональной и органической патологии билиарного тракта. Дифференцированный подход к лечению на основе спазмолитиков и препаратов урсодезоксихолевой кислоты позволяет эффективно воздействовать на купирование абдоминального болевого синдрома, нормализацию моторики желчевыводящих путей, а также проводить профилактику камнеобразования.
A SURDEZ NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR: DISCUTINDO OS DESAFIOS E ESTRATÉGIAS NO PROCESSO DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DA INCLUSÃO DE ALUNOS SURDOS NO INSTITUTO FEDERAL CAMPUS VALENÇA
Authors: Tavares Leíta Dórea , de Oliveira Marcia Rebeca
Published: February 2021

Devido às políticas públicas de inclusão algumas pessoas com deficiência estão conseguindo frequentar as escolas regulares de ensino. Legalmente os Surdos devem ser incluídos com garantia de acesso, permanência e do direito linguístico respeitado de receber as informações através da Língua Brasileira de Sinais – Libras. Nos Institutos Federais essa inclusão vem acontecendo sistematicamente, então, quais são alguns desafios e estratégias vivenciados no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na inclusão dos alunos Surdos no Instituto Federal campus Valença? O objetivo deste trabalho ao realizar uma pesquisa qualitativa é analisar os desafios e estratégias dos docentes relacionados a possibilitar a acessibilidade, à inclusão e a permanência deles garantindo-lhes um ensino com qualidade. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo descritivo com questionários e entrevistas com ponderações feitas pelos Surdos e por aqueles que efetivamente participam na inclusão destes educandos. Os dados deste trabalho indicam um avanço na tentativa do cumprimento de fornecer uma educação inclusiva com equidade, mas deixa claro há necessidade de que esta Instituição promova a adequação de forma contínua fornecendo a possibilidade de mais formações continuadas para todos no Instituto.
ايزيديو شنكال والأرمن 1914-1918 دراسة في موقف الايزيديين من المذابح الأرمنية
Authors: Alo Saeed Khudeda
Published: February 2021

ملخص البحث:يعتبر الأرمن من احد الجماعات العرقية المميزة التي عاشت في الدولة العثمانية، قاموا بتاسيس جمعيات سياسية في القرن التاسع عشر تلك الجمعيات التي سعت الى تأسيس دولة قومية للارمن بمساعدة الغرب كان ذلك من الاساب الرئيسة الى تعرضهم الى الإبادة الجماعية من قبل الدولة العثمانية. وخلال سنوات الحرب العالمية الأولى توجه الاتراك الى اتباع سياسة قومية وذلك نتيجة لتطورات الحرب فكانت النتيجة تهجير الأرمن من مناطقهم وقيام الاتراك بمذابح منظمة ضدهم، لكن هناك مجموعات تمكنت من النجاة من تلك المذابح والتوجه الى العراق وخاصة الى سنجارحيث قام أهلها من الايزيدييين باستقبال الأرمن ومساعدتهم في محنتهم وبناء البيوت ،من الطين، لهم وإيجاد العمل لهم آنذاك لكي يستطيعوا من استمرار حياتهم. لكن موقف الايزيديين هذا مع الأرمن دفع بالاتراك الى القيام بتوجيه حملة عسكرية الى سنجار أدت الى قتل الكثير من الأهالي ونهبت ودمرت قراهم وتركت اثار سلبية على المنطقة. The Yezidis from Sinjar and the Armenians. 1914-1918A study in the Yezidi position with regards to the Armenian Genocide.The Armenians are reputed to be one of the most distinguished ethnic groups which lived during the rule of the Ottoman Empire.During the nineteenth century they established political societies whose raison d' etre was to pursue the founding of a nation-state for Armenia, backed by Western aid and support.Their political endeavours were one of the main reasons for their genocide under the Ottoman Empire. During World War one, the Turks pursued their own national policy, resulting in the displacement of the Armenians from their territories and targeted massacres against them. There were those who succeeded in escaping theTurkish massacres and fled to Iraq, most particularly the area of Sinjar. The Yezidis from Sinjar welcomed the Armenians and aided them in their process of resettlement, building of mud houses and finding employment. The aid extended by the Yezidi community of Sinjar to the Armenian displaced, caused the Turks to launch a military campaign against Sinjar, looting and destroying villages and murdering many that wreaked havoc upon the region.
Xây dựng văn hóa doanh nghiệp - Yếu tố quyết định sự trường tồn của doanh nghiệp
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: February 2021

Tổng công ty bưu điện việt nam - VIETNAM POST. Xây dựng văn hóa doanh nghiệp - Yếu tố quyết định sự trường tồn của doanh nghiệp. URL: http://www.vnpost.vn/vi-vn/bai-viet/chi-tiet/id/83537/key/xay-dung-van-hoadoanh-nghiep-yeu-to-quyet-dinh-su-truong-ton-cua-doanh-nghiep.
Timeline of the Works on the Correlation between COVID-19 and Y-DNA Haplogroup R1b
Authors: Schillaci Sebastiano
Published: February 2021

Soon after the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, many works have been reporting a yet-to-be-explained correlation of COVID-19 prevalence and severity with Y-DNA haplogroup R1b frequency. Here a chronologically ordered list of such works is provided.
Perception of group membership from spontaneous and volitional laughter
Authors: Kamiloglu Roza Gizem , Tanaka Akihiro , Scott Sophie K , Sauter Disa
Published: February 2021

Laughter is a ubiquitous social signal. Recent work has highlighted distinctions between spontaneous and volitional laughter, which differ in terms of both production mechanisms and perceptual features. Here, we test listeners’ ability to infer group identity from volitional and spontaneous laughter, as well as the perceived positivity of these laughs across cultures. Dutch (n = 273) and Japanese (n = 131) participants listened to decontextualized laughter clips and judged 1) whether the laughing person was from their cultural in-group or an out-group; and 2) whether they thought the laughter was produced spontaneously or volitionally. They also rated the positivity of each laughter clip. Using frequentist and Bayesian analyses, we show that listeners were able to infer group membership from both spontaneous and volitional laughter, and that performance was equivalent for both types of laughter. Spontaneous laughter was rated as more positive than volitional laughter across the two cultures, and in-group laughs were perceived as more positive than out-group laughs by Dutch but not Japanese listeners. Our results demonstrate that both spontaneous and volitional laughter can be used by listeners to infer laughers’ cultural group identity.
The Contingent Electoral Impacts of Programmatic Policies: Evidence From Education Reforms in Tanzania
Authors: Opalo Ken , Habyarimana James , Schipper Youdi
Published: February 2021

A large literature documents the electoral benefits of clientelist and programmatic policies in low-income states. We extend this literature by showing the cyclical electoral responses to a large programmatic intervention to expand access to secondary education in Tanzania over multiple electoral periods. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find that the incumbent party’s vote share increased by 2 percentage points in the election following the policy’s announcement as a campaign promise (2005), but decreased by -1.4 percentage points in the election following implementation (2010). We find no discernible electoral impact of the policy in 2015, two electoral cycles later. We attribute the electoral penalty in 2010 to how the secondary school expansion policy was implemented. Our findings shed light on the temporally-contingent electoral impacts of programmatic policies, and highlight the need for more research on how policy implementation structures public opinion and vote choice in low-income states.
RBMS3 is differentially expressed in both lymph node and brain metastases in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that RNA binding motif single stranded interacting protein 3, encoded by RBMS3, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. RBMS3 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of RBMS3 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of RBMS3 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain.
Eye size effects in the dot-probe task: Differences in sclera exposure predict delayed disengagement from fearful faces
Authors: Aday Jacob , Fang Lin , Carlson Joshua
Published: February 2021

Fearful facial expressions are biologically salient signals of potential threat that automatically capture and hold observers’ attention. They are characterized by enlarged eye whites and dilated pupils, and fearful eyes alone are sufficient to capture attention. The morphological properties of the eye region are thought to play an important role in nonverbal communication. Yet, the extent to which variability in sclera exposure impacts the capture and hold of attention by fearful faces is untested. To address this, a sample of 249 adults completed a dot-probe task of selective attention with fearful and neutral faces. The results suggest that (1) fearful faces are prioritized over neutral faces and capture attention, (2) greater sclera exposure across faces captures attention, and (3) attention is held by greater sclera exposure of fearful faces at task irrelevant locations resulting in impaired task performance. Collectively, the results indicate that fearful facial expressions and sclera exposure capture attention through independent and interactive mechanisms.
Initial Insights From a Study of Emotions and Positive Personality Change in Syrian Origin Young Adults Who Have Recently Resettled in the Netherlands
Authors: Chung Joanne Meehae , meijer laurien , Zonneveld Renée , Sawaf Zeina Al , Alajak Kinan , Moopen Neha , Rahim Haza , Çiftçi Leyla , Alisic Eva , Stellar Jennifer Ellen , Mooren Trudy , Sleijpen Marieke , Tešanovic Tara , Baker Huda Al , Dali Rima , Papadantonaki Marilena , Papakosta Natalia , Antink Michelle , Charisopoulou Sofia , Frens Mariëlle , O'Connor Sarah , Taşfiliz Duygu , Laceulle Odilia
Published: February 2021

Post-traumatic growth is a compelling idea (Calhoun & Tedeschi, 2014), yet, extant research has often employed retrospective reports of change, rather than examining change over time. In Karakter, we followed a sample of Syrian origin young adults who recently resettled in the Netherlands (initial N = 168) four times over a 13-month period to examine experiences of adversity, emotions, and positive personality change. We provide initial insights by narrating the changes, challenges, and opportunities we encountered in the research. We describe how we incorporated open science practices in Karakter. We propose analyses that describe the demographic characteristics (e.g., education level, length of stay in the Netherlands, and family members present in the Netherlands and in Syria), experiences of adversity (i.e., past traumatic experiences and current post-migration problems), positive personality traits (i.e., attachment, resilient coping, empathy, gratitude, and compassion), and the Big Five personality traits of the people in our sample. We close by suggesting good practices for researchers who are interested in conducting similar studies with populations that are traditionally considered hard-to-reach in the future.
Structuring Local Environments to Avoid Diversity: Anxiety Drives Whites’ Geographical and Institutional Self-Segregation Preferences
Authors: Anicich Eric , Jachimowicz Jon , Osborne Merrick , Phillips L Taylor
Published: February 2021

The current research explores how local racial diversity affects Whites’ efforts to structure their local communities to avoid incidental intergroup contact. In two experimental studies (N=509; Studies 1a-b), we consider Whites’ choices to structure a fictional, diverse city and find that Whites choose greater racial segregation around more (vs. less) self-relevant landmarks (e.g., their workplace and children’s school). Specifically, the more time they expect to spend at a landmark, the more they concentrate other Whites around that landmark, thereby reducing opportunities for incidental intergroup contact. Whites also structure environments to reduce incidental intergroup contact by instituting organizational policies that disproportionately exclude non-Whites: Two large-scale archival studies (Studies 2a-b) using data from every U.S. tennis (N=15,023) and golf (N=10,949) facility revealed that facilities in more racially diverse communities maintain more exclusionary barriers (e.g., guest policies, monetary fees, dress codes) that shield the patrons of these historically White institutions from incidental intergroup contact. In a final experiment (N=307; Study 3), we find that Whites’ anticipated intergroup anxiety is one driver of their choices to structure environments to reduce incidental intergroup contact in more (vs. less) racially diverse communities. Our results suggest that despite increasing racial diversity, White Americans structure local environments to fuel a self-perpetuating cycle of segregation.
Editorial Note Vol.13(1)
Authors: Pathak Hari Prasad
Published: February 2021

Not available
Satisfaction and Utilization of Old Age Allowance among Dalit Community in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Dhungana Ananta Raj , Ranabhat Mala
Published: February 2021

This study aims to explore the satisfaction and utilization of old age allowance among the Dalit Community in Pokhara, Nepal. For this purpose, Pokhara was purposively selected at first. Out of 553 Dalit respondents from randomly selected wards (13, 16, 26 and 29) of Pokhara Metropolitan City of Nepal who were getting old age allowance, information was collected purposively from 131 respondents using structured questionnaire through interview techniques. Hence, a multistage sampling technique was applied during the sample collection. Both descriptive as well as exploratory research design was used for the study. The majority of elderly Dalit are illiterate, unemployed and living jointly with their family. For most of the respondents, allowance is the major source of personal income. Most of them spend allowance for their own expenses. The majority of respondents are satisfied with the present allowance but still, there is the demand for increasing the allowances as it is so insufficient for their basic needs. On the basis of priority, most of the respondents spend their money on food for household consumption, health and medicines, transportation expenses, alms, clothes for self and tobacco, alcohol accordingly. Most of them have not faced difficulties in getting allowances. However, some of them have faced difficulties to travel to authorized office or bank to collect allowance due to their age, are not receiving allowance timely, late receiving allowance due to age error in documents, do not get paid the full amount and they feel a lot of administrative hassles. Hence the government should give attention to the problem faced by the respondents while receiving the old age allowance.
Tablas de volumen para árboles individuales de Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus cultivados en la región sur de Uruguay
Authors: Moras Guillermo , Vallejos-Barra Oscar Santiago
Published: February 2021

Se desarrollaron tablas individuales de volumen total y comercial para Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus pertenecientes a plantaciones comerciales del sur de Uruguay, ubicadas en 13 establecimientos con edades entre seis y 11 años, con una densidad de plantación entre 1111 y 1667 ejemplares por hectárea. Se seleccionaron al azar 266 árboles a los cuales se midió el DAP (Diámetro a la Altura del Pecho) con corteza, utilizando una forcípula de brazos paralelos. Los árboles fueron apeados y la altura se registró con una cinta métrica. A distancias de un metro de largo se midió el diámetro y se calculó el volumen con la fórmula de Smalian; el volumen del árbol se obtuvo al adicionar los volúmenes de las secciones. Se determinaron las variables más correlacionadas con el volumen total y comercial y con ellas se construyeron los modelos matemáticos. Estos fueron seleccionados considerando el mayor R2 ajustado y el menor ECMP (Error Cuadrático Medio de Predicción). El volumen total con corteza es estimado por [ Ln(Volumen total) = -9,75 + 0,93 * Ln (DAP2 * h total) + ε ] con un R2 ajustado de 0,98 y un ECMP de 0,02. El volumen comercial con corteza es estimado por [ Ln(Volumen comercial) = -8,22 + 0,77 * Ln (DAP2 * h comercial) + ε ] con un R2 ajustado de 0,95 y un ECMP de 0,06. Para cada uno de los establecimientos se seleccionaron las funciones locales de mayor significancia tanto del volumen total como comercial.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN BESI BERBASIS WEB PADA CV. MULYA JAYA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Widodo Pudji , Wijayanti Khasanah Arum
Published: February 2021

Today's information technology has developed very quickly. A fast, precise and accurate information system is needed now. CV. Mulya Jaya is a company engaged in the sale of building iron. During this time, employees are still having trouble making notes and sales reports that are still done manually. Therefore CV. Mulya Jaya really needs an information system that can help to simplify the process of making notes and sales reports.For this reason the researcher tries to make the Final Project on Designing Web-Based Iron Sales Information System on CV. Mulya Jaya Yogyakarta, which until now has not been computerized. Administration system CV. Mulya Jaya is currently still done manually. It is possible that there was an error during the process of making notes and sales reports. Design of Web-Based Iron Sales Information System in CV. Mulya Jaya Yogyakarta is one of the right and best solutions to solve a problem that exists in this company, and with a computerized system can achieve an appropriate, fast and accurate activity in supporting activities in this company.Keyword: Design, System, Information, Sales, Iron.
Overview of glomerulus filtration in type 2 of diabetes mellitus at Sanjiwani Gianyar hospital year of 2018-2019
Authors: Saraswati Putu Ayu Indah , Gunawan I Made Kasmadi , Budiyasa Dewa Gde Agung
Published: February 2021

This study used a descriptive research design with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted at RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar which was conducted from July to November 2019. The sample taken in this study must meet the inclusion criteria. This study uses secondary data in the form of patient medical records at Sanjiwani Gianyar Regional Hospital in 2018-2019. The research variables consisted of independent variables in the form of glomerular filtration rate and dependent variables in the form of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Data processing and analysis were carried out using computerized techniques with computer devices. Data analysis was carried out using univariate analysis used to analyze descriptively by calculating the frequency distribution of each research variable. The results of the research of 50 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the majority of respondents of LFG grade were grade 3 with a total of 18 people (36.0%) and grade 1 as many as 15 people (30.0%), while the lowest was grade 4 with a total of 2 (4.0%) and grade 5 as many as 3 people (6.0%).
Rest Area Development in Central Java (Case Study: Rest Area on Semarang–Solo Toll Road)
Authors: Darmawan Edy , Sari Suzanna Ratih , Werdiningsih Hermin , Enis Adhisti Samsinar
Published: February 2021

The construction of the road network is carried out to support the growth and acceleration of the economic process and the development of the tourism industry. It is also projected to improve the socio-economic conditions of the community. In the last few years, the Central Java Government has built toll roads to connect several cities in Central Java in one fast lane. However, it was not followed by the construction of supporting facilities such as rest area that serves a place to rest for motorists when they experience fatigue during long trips. The existence of the place is still limited, and it was not evenly distributed along the toll road, causing long queues at the entrance of some rest area when the volume of the vehicles is overflow. Based on these problems, the purpose of this research is to study and develop the requirement of rest area that can meet the needs of motorists traveling through the toll roads in Central Java. To achieve these objectives, this research used a qualitative descriptive method to describe and explain the problems in the field, and further analyze them to get a comprehensive result. The result of this research is presented in the form of published research reports and scientific articles. It is expected to provide benefits to the relevant scientific field, especially those related to architecture in developing rest areas that suit the needs of road users.
Who cares about the cargo?
Authors: Leivestad Hege Høyer
Published: February 2021

While the shipping container has been hyped as the most potent symbol of global trade, it is simultaneously a unit of measure, a medium of exchange, and a material abstraction of heterogeneous use value. This article places the container and its anonymized cargo as part of the everyday logistics of commodity circulation in the Spanish Port of Algeciras Bay—a transshipment hub at the Strait of Gibraltar. By disentangling the shipping container’s multiple repertoires, this article focuses on how the shipping container transforms and converts the value of cargo and mediates logistics labor in the port.
HUBUNGAN PROMOSI DAN PELAYANAN GO-FOOD SERTA PERILAKU KONSUMSI PANGAN OBESOGENIK DENGAN STATUS GIZI LEBIH REMAJA
Authors: Alifa Amanda , Sufyan Dian Luthfiana , Puspita Ikha Deviyanti
Published: February 2021

Background : Adolescence is a period that is easily influenced by external factors and easy to follow the trends such as online food ordering that is evolve. Adolescent consumption habits are now classified as unhealthy, such as consuming fast food and sweetened beverages that if consumed continuously, excessively, and without physical activity can lead to obesity.Subject : This study aimed to determine the correlation between GoFood promotion, GoFood service, and obesogenic food consumption behavior with adolescent nutritional status (overweight and obesity) at RW 02 Cilandak Barat.Method : The study used a cross sectional design with chi-square test method. Assessment of GoFood promotion and GoFood service using questionnaires, and consumption of obesogenic food using FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire), and anthropometric measurements included weight and height for 64 adolescents.Result : The analysis showed that GoFood promotion (p = 0,880), GoFood service (p = 0,149), and consumption of obesogenic food (p = 0,773) have no correlation (p 0,05) with overweight and obesity.Conclusion : There was no correlation between GoFood promotion, GoFood service, and obesogenic food consumption behavior with adolescent nutritional status (overweight and obesity) at RW 02 Cilandak Barat.
UNDERWEIGHT, STUNTING, WASTING DAN KAITANNYA TERHADAP ASUPAN MAKAN, PENGETAHUAN IBU, DAN PEMANFAATAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Rhamadani Risky Amelia , Noviasty Reny , Adrianto Ratno
Published: February 2021

Background : Nutrition problems in toddlers become a public health problem when it exceeds WHO indicators in which the issue of malnutrition and undernutrition 17.8%, short toddlers 27.5% and thin toddlers 11.1%. The problem of undernutrition, short and thin toddlers are public health problem in the chronic category.Objective :  to determine the factor related to the nutritional status of toddlers in Loa Ipuh Health Centre. The design of this research is a cross-sectional study with total sample of 97 toddlers. Data collection uses anthropometric measurements, 24 hours of form food recall and questionnaires for mother's knowledge of breastfeeding complementary feeding and the utilization of health services.Method : Data analysis is using Pearson product-moment test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between the food intake with the WAZ (P=0,000), HAZ (P=0,000) and  WHZ (P=0,021), mother's knowledge about complementary feeding with the WAZ (P=0,041), HAZ (P=0,010) and WHZ (P=0,010), utilization of health services with the WAZ (P=0,007), HAZ (P=0,009) and WHZ (P=0,006). Result : there is a significant positive relationship between intake of toddler feeding, mother's knowledge about complementary feeding and the utilization of health services with the nutritional status of toddlers WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ. Access to health services should be improved and evenly distributed throughout the health centre area.Conclusion : There is a significant positive relationship between food intake for children under five, maternal knowledge about complementary foods and health service utilization with the nutritional status
Extinction in a finite time for solutions of a class of quasilinear parabolic equations
Authors: Belaud Y. , Shishkov A.
Published: February 2021

We study the property of extinction in a finite time for nonnegative solutions of [Formula: see text] for the Dirichlet Boundary Conditions when [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and Ω a bounded domain of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). We prove some necessary and sufficient conditions. The threshold is for power functions when [Formula: see text] while finite time extinction occurs for very flat potentials [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text].