bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface proteins of Propionibacterium freudenreichii MJ2 inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by lipocalin-2 upregulation and lipocalin-2-mediated NFATc1 inhibition
Authors: Yeom Jiah , Ma Seongho , Yim Dong Joon , Lim Young-Hee
Published: September 2023

Osteoclasts degrade bone and osteoclast differentiation has been implicated in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. The dairy bacterium Propionibacterium freudenreichii MJ2 (MJ2) isolated from raw milk inhibits osteoclast differentiation and ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of the surface proteins of MJ2 on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and explain the underlying mechanism. The murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was used to study the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. The surface proteins significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in a protein concentration-dependent manner by inhibiting the expression of genes and proteins related to osteoclast differentiation. RNA microarray analysis showed that the surface proteins significantly upregulated lipocalin-2 (lcn2) expression. In addition, they downregulated c-fos and NFATc1 and inhibited the expression of NFATc1-downstream genes Atp6v0d2, Calcr, and Ctsk. siRNA silencing of lcn2 decreased the extent of surface protein inhibition on osteoclast differentiation, suggesting that lcn2 plays an important role in the inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. In conclusion, surface proteins of MJ2 show inhibitory effects on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by upregulating lcn2 expression, in turn downregulating NFATc1, leading to the inhibition of NFATc1-downstream osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression.
Analyzing facial action units in children to differentiate genuine and fake pain during inferior alveolar nerve block: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alkhouli Muaaz , Al-Nerabieah Zuhair , Dashash Mayssoon
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate the association between facial action units and pain levels in Syrian children, focusing on both genuine and fake pain expressions. A total of 300 Syrian children aged 6–9 years participated in the study. Pain levels were assessed using the validated Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale, and facial expressions were analyzed using the Facial Action Coding System. The children were asked to mimic their feelings after receiving a dental injection to elicit fake pain expressions. Statistical analysis, including multinomial logistic regression and chi-square tests, was conducted to determine the Action Units (AUs) associated with each pain level and to compare the differences between real and fake pain expressions. The results revealed significant associations between specific AUs and pain levels. For real pain expressions, the most activated AUs across different pain levels with positive coefficient values of correlation (P-value < 0.01) were analyzed. In contrast, for fake pain expressions, AU12 and AU38 were consistently observed to be the most activated. These findings suggest that certain AUs are uniquely associated with fake pain expressions, distinct from those observed in real pain expressions. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between boys and girls in terms of their genuine and fake pain expressions, indicating a similar pattern of AU activation (P-value > 0.05). It was concluded that AUs 4, 6, 41, and 46 were associated with mild pain, and AUs 4, 6, 41, 46, and 11 were associated with moderate pain cases. In severe pain, AUs 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 43 were associated. In fake pain feelings, AU43, AU38, and AU12 were the most activated with no difference between boys and girls.
Study on the forming characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene/copper jet with different preparation processes
Authors: Yi Jianya , Hao Ruijie , Tang XueZhi , Guan Siman , Wang Zhijun , Yin Jianping
Published: September 2023

In this paper, PTFE/Cu composite material for liner is taken as the research object, and the preparation process and jet forming characteristics of PTFE/Cu composite liner are studied. The liners were prepared by extrusion molding, molded sintering and hot-pressing sintering. Due to different preparation processes, different microstructures of the liner can occur, including defects such as pores and microcracks, resulting in different strength and density of the liner, leading to differences in the forming characteristics of the jet. Therefore, the forming process of the jet was simulated by the finite element numerical simulation software. It was found that there was obvious radial expansion effect in the head of the jet, but with the increase of density, the radial expansion effect was weakened, and the jet velocity decreased gradually. The strength and densification of the shaped charge liner prepared by different processes were different. The densification of the molded sintering liner was generally better than that of the other two kinds of shaped charge liners. As a result, the velocity of the jet formed by the molded sintering liner is always the highest, with a numerical simulation velocity of 6642 m/s and an experimental velocity of 6534.7 m/s. The second is the jet of the hot-pressing sintering liner and the lowest velocity is the jet of the extrusion molding cover, with a numerical simulation velocity of 6482 m/s, while the experimental velocity is only 6397.9 m/s. The jet velocity measured by the pulse X-ray experiment was compared with the velocity of the numerical simulation, and the error was within 2.96%, which verifies the accuracy of the numerical simulation.
High-latitude vegetation changes will determine future plant volatile impacts on atmospheric organic aerosols
Authors: Tang Jing , Zhou Putian , Miller Paul A. , Schurgers Guy , Gustafson Adrian , Makkonen Risto , Fu Yongshuo H. , Rinnan Riikka
Published: September 2023

Strong, ongoing high-latitude warming is causing changes to vegetation composition and plant productivity, modifying plant emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). In the sparsely populated high latitudes with clean background air, climate feedback resulting from BVOCs as precursors of atmospheric aerosols could be more important than elsewhere on the globe. Here, we quantitatively assess changes in vegetation composition, BVOC emissions, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation under different climate scenarios. We show that warming-induced vegetation changes largely determine the spatial patterns of future BVOC impacts on SOA. The northward advances of boreal needle-leaved woody species result in increased SOA optical depth by up to 41%, causing cooling feedback. However, areas with temperate broad-leaved trees replacing boreal needle-leaved trees likely experience a large decline in monoterpene emissions and SOA formation, causing warming feedback. We highlight the necessity of considering warming-induced vegetation shifts when assessing land radiative feedback on climate following the BVOC-SOA pathway.
Revealing inverted chirality of hidden domain wall states in multiband systems without topological transition
Authors: Jeong Seung-Gyo , Han Sang-Hoon , Kim Tae-Hwan , Cheon Sangmo
Published: September 2023

Chirality, a fundamental concept from biological molecules to advanced materials, is prevalent in nature. Yet, its intricate behavior in specific topological systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the emergence of hidden chiral domain wall states using a double-chain Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with interchain coupling specifically designed to break chiral symmetry. Our phase diagram reveals single-gap and double-gap phases based on electronic structure, where transitions occur without topological phase changes. In the single-gap phase, we reproduce chiral domain wall states, akin to chiral solitons in the double-chain model, where chirality is encoded in the spectrum and topological charge pumping. In the double-gap phase, we identify hidden chiral domain wall states exhibiting opposite chirality to the domain wall states in the single-gap phase, where the opposite chirality is confirmed through spectrum inversion and charge pumping as the corresponding domain wall slowly moves. By engineering gap structures, we demonstrate control over hidden chiral domain states. Our findings open avenues to investigate novel topological systems with broken chiral symmetry and potential applications in diverse systems.
A dihydro-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline-based probe with aggregation-induced ratiometric emission for the ratiometric fluorescent detection of peroxynitrite in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Yan Jin-Long , Liu Shuang-Shuang , Wu Wei-Na , Zhao Xiao-Lei , Fan Yun-Chang , Wang Yuan , Xu Zhi-Hong
Published: September 2023

A dihydro-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline-based probe with aggregation-induced ratiometric emission was developed for the ratiometric fluorescent detection of ONOO−, which was applied for imaging ONOO− in HeLa cells and zebrafish.
The role of 13X molecular sieves in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Wen Jianuan , Cai Wei , Zhang Zhicheng , Zhong Qin , Qu Hongxia
Published: September 2023

In this work, 13X was assembled with the photoactive substance BiOBr to construct composite photocatalysts. In the presence of 13X, they are rich in nitrogen adsorption and activation sites and perform well in the nitrogen reduction reaction.
A guanidium salt as a chaotropic agent for aqueous battery electrolytes
Authors: Brown John , Forero-Saboya Juan , Baptiste Benoît , Karlsmo Martin , Rousse Gwenaëlle , Grimaud Alexis
Published: September 2023

GdmTFSI salt was synthetized, its crystal structure resolved. Aqueous solutions are characterized, demonstrating disruption to water's hydrogen bonding network, reducing water reactivity, and expanding the electrochemical stability window.
Highly selective CO2 electrolysis in aqueous media by a water-soluble cobalt dimethyl-bipyridine complex
Authors: Suzuki Tomiko M. , Nagatsuka Kengo , Nonaka Takamasa , Yamaguchi Yuichi , Sakamoto Naonari , Uyama Takeshi , Sekizawa Keita , Kudo Akihiko , Morikawa Takeshi
Published: September 2023

A water-soluble Co complex with dimethyl-bipyridine ligands achieved reduction to CO with almost 100% selectivity in CO2 electrolysis in aqueous solvents.
Preparation of carbon nanotube/inorganic nanoparticle composite films: CNTs with exfoliated Bi2Si2Te6 nanosheets for carbon-based thermoelectric generator applications
Authors: Park Dabin , Kim Minsu , Kim Jooheon
Published: September 2023

BST NS/CNT composite film are fabricated through simple solution mixing and hot press method. The fabricated composite shows an enhanced thermoelectric power factor.
An experimental and computational investigation of the elusive anhydrous form of Oxyma-B
Authors: Prohens Rafel , Barbas Rafael , de la Torre Beatriz G. , Albericio Fernando , Frontera Antonio
Published: September 2023

We report a combined crystallographic and computational study on the important peptide synthesis reagent Oxyma-B. It has provided deeper insight into its solid-state landscape and its tendency for hydration.
Modeling Henry's law and phase separations of water–NaCl–organic mixtures with solvation and ion-pairing
Authors: Wilson Aaron D. , Foo Zi Hao , Jayasinghe Ashini S. , Stetson Caleb , Lee Hyeonseok , Rollins Harry W. , Deshmukh Akshay , Lienhard John H.
Published: September 2023

We used a two-variable speciation-based solution model to correlate VLE (organic Henry’s law coefficient and water activity), SLE (organic-induced salt crystallization), and salt-induced LLE separation of H2O-NaCl-MeCN mixtures.
Asymmetric nanoporous membranes for ethanol/water pervaporation separation and their design
Authors: Wang Ting-Yuan , Zou Changlong , Lin Li-Chiang
Published: September 2023

Unraveling the design of pervaporation membranes with asymmetric surface characteristics for notably improved ethanol/water separation performance.
Energy landscape quantifications of histone H3.3 recognition by chaperone DAXX reveal an uncoupled binding specificity and affinity
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Jin , Xu Rui-Ming , Yang Na
Published: September 2023

The landscape of uncoupled binding specificity and affinity in H3.3 recognition by DAXX.
Towards the generation of potential energy surfaces of weakly bound medium-sized molecular systems: the case of benzonitrile–He complex
Authors: Derbali Eya , Ajili Yosra , Mehnen Bilel , Żuchowski Piotr S. , Kędziera Dariusz , Al-Mogren Muneerah Mogren , Jaidane Nejm-Edine , Hochlaf Majdi
Published: September 2023

We establish an accurate methodology for the generation of mD-PESs of medium sized and large molecules containing van der Waals complexes. We discuss the case of benzonitrile–He as benchmark system.
Synthesis and composition modification of precipitate tubes in a confined flow reactor
Authors: Bene Kinga , Balog Edina , Schuszter Gábor
Published: September 2023

Precipitation tube formation in alkaline earth metal–carbonate systems is promoted even in sluggish reactions by incorporating the components of a fast nucleating reaction. The product composition is tuned by the initial reactant ratio.
Substitutional doping of MoTe2/ZrS2 heterostructures for sustainable energy related applications
Authors: Li Xiao-Hua , Wang Bao-Ji , Yang Xue-Feng , Yu Wei-Yang , Ke San-Huang
Published: September 2023

By DFT calculations, pure or doped MoTe2/ZrS2 heterostructures are found to have great potential applications in sustainable energy related areas.
An ab initio study on the stability of isolated phosphaalkene synthons
Authors: Cyraniak Adrianna , Freza Sylwia , Skurski Piotr
Published: September 2023

Various phosphaalkene (PCR2)− anionic synthons were found to be electronically and thermodynamically stable as isolated systems, and their lowest energy isomers correspond to (PCR2)− structures (for R = H, CH3, C6H5, and Mes).
Co-based MOF heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient degradation of organic dye via peroxymonosulfate activation
Authors: Xie Wei , Yuan Yuan , Wang Jia-Jun , Zhang Shu-Ran , Xu Guang-Juan , Jiang Nan , Xu Yan-Hong , Su Zhong-Min
Published: September 2023

Co-based MOF JLNU-500 can act as an excellent heterogeneous catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate, exhibiting highly efficient Rhodamine B organic dye degradation in aquatic environments.
Boosting the catalysis of cesium phosphomolybdate encapsulated in hierarchical porous UiO-66 by microenvironment modulation for epoxidation of alkenes
Authors: Hu Dianwen , Miao Songsong , Zhang Pengfei , Wu Siyuan , He Yu-Peng , Meng Qingwei
Published: September 2023

CsPM@HP-UiO-66-2CH3 showed preferable catalytic performance in alkene epoxidation reaction among CsPM@HP-UiO-66-X composites, which is mainly attributed to the modulation of the microenvironment surrounding CsPM active sites with a methyl group.
Unexpected reactivity of cyclometalated iridium(iii) dimers. Direct synthesis of a mononuclear luminescent complex
Authors: Tu Jing , Veclani Daniele , Monti Filippo , Mazzanti Andrea , Sambri Letizia , Armaroli Nicola , Baschieri Andrea
Published: September 2023

In the presence of suitable amounts of water and base, the archetypical [Ir(ppy)2(μ-Cl)]2 dimer forms a complex with the formula [Ir(ppy)2(Oppy)].
Molecular and physical composition of tar balls in wildfire smoke: an investigation with complementary ionisation methods and 15-Tesla FT-ICR mass spectrometry
Authors: Ijaz Amna , Kew William , Cheng Zezhen , Mathai Susan , Lata Nurun Nahar , Kovarik Libor , Schum Simeon , China Swarup , Mazzoleni Lynn R.
Published: September 2023

Laser desorption ionisation, coupled with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, provides an apt reflection of the physical properties of tar balls in wildfire smoke.
Development of a novel (poly)phenol-rich diet score and its association with urinary (poly)phenol metabolites
Authors: Xu Yifan , Li Yong , Hu Jiaying , Gibson Rachel , Rodriguez-Mateos Ana
Published: September 2023

Estimating (poly)phenol intake is challenging due to inadequate dietary assessment tools and limited food content data.
When nanocellulose meets hydrogels: the exciting story of nanocellulose hydrogels taking flight
Authors: Du Yuanchun , Feng Guangfu
Published: September 2023

By revealing the intrinsic link between the inherent advantages of nanocellulose and hydrogels, we highlight the applications of nanocellulose hydrogels in medical treatment, electricity, sensor, environmental governance, food, and agriculture.
Local reactivity descriptors to decipher the electrochemical hydrogenation of unsaturated carboxylic acids
Authors: Dell'Anna Marco Nazareno , Gupta Geet , Prabhu Prathamesh T. , Chu Ting-Hung , Roling Luke T. , Tessonnier Jean-Philippe
Published: September 2023

We explain the intricate interplay between electronic properties and reactivity during the electrochemical hydrogenation of biobased unsaturated (di)acids under acidic and neutral conditions.
High-throughput adjustable deformability cytometry utilizing elasto-inertial focusing and virtual fluidic channel
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Ni Chen , Zhu Zhixian , Chen Yao , Ni Zhonghua , Xiang Nan
Published: September 2023

We propose a high-throughput adjustable deformability cytometry system with three-dimensional elasto-inertial focusing and a virtual fluidic channel, enabling the fast mechanical phenotyping of various biological cells.
Boron nitride embedded in chitosan hydrogel as a hydrophobic, promising metal-free, sustainable antibacterial material
Authors: Hammi Nisrine , Kędzierska Marta , Wrońska Natalia , Katir Nadia , Dhainaut Jeremy , Royer Sebastien , Lisowska Katarzyna , Bryszewska Maria , Miłowska Katarzyna , El Kadib Abdelkrim
Published: September 2023

Evaporation-induced co-assembly of boron nitride-exfoliated chitosan hydrogel provides micrometer-thick boron nitride-filled chitosan nanocomposite films.
Supramolecular inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin with bathochromic-shifted photochromism and photomodulable fluorescence enable multiple applications
Authors: Xia Dong-Xue , Fan Li-Wen , Ye Ming-Fu , Sun Wen-Qi , Lin Rui-Lian , Liu Jing-Xin
Published: September 2023

Supramolecular inclusion complexes of conjugation-extended viologens with β-CD exhibit bathochromic-shifted photochromic behavior and photomodulable fluorescence, which endow them with applications in many areas.
Selective naked-eye detection of dopamine using an imino-boron molecular capsule
Authors: Kumar P. P. Praveen , Bajaj Ashima , Samadder Prodipta , Ali Md. Ehesan , Neelakandan Prakash P.
Published: September 2023

A BF2-containing molecular capsule with intense luminescence and long lifetimes is synthesised. The cylindrical cavity in the capsule encapsulates dopamine with the aid of multiple hydrogen bonds, leading to visual changes in colour and fluorescence.
Julolidine-based small molecular probes for fluorescence imaging of RNA in live cells
Authors: Mondal Iswar Chandra , Rawat Priya , Galkin Maksym , Deka Snata , Karmakar Anirban , Mondal Prosenjit , Ghosh Subrata
Published: September 2023

We report the design and synthesis of a bright red cationic molecular probe with impressive optical properties for intracellular RNA imaging.
Effect of modulation by adsorption and doping on the quantum capacitance of borophene
Authors: Yang Guangmin , Yang Xinlin , Li Zhuo , Huang Haihua , Lin Jianyan
Published: September 2023

Electric double-layer supercapacitors (EDLCs) have attracted much attention in the energy storage field due to their advantages such as high output power, long service life, safety and high efficiency.
NiFe2O4@SiO2–Cu as a novel and efficient magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst for regioselective synthesis of β-thiol-1,2,3-triazoles under benign conditions
Authors: Eisavi Ronak , Ghadernejad Seiran
Published: September 2023

A green, mild and eco-friendly approach for the three component one-pot regioselective synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles from thiiranes has been introduced in the presence of NiFe2O4@SiO2–Cu as a new and recoverable nanocatalyst.
Driving the quadricyclane-to-norbornadiene isomerization by charge separation with perylenediimide as electron acceptor
Authors: Zika Wiebke , Leng Andreas , Weiß René , Pintér Simone , Schüßlbauer Christoph M. , Clark Timothy , Hirsch Andreas , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: September 2023

The complementary use of time-resolved and steady-state spectroscopies has made it possible to describe the full reaction coordinate regarding the photoisomerization of NBDs featuring electron accepting PDIs.
Multi-scale molecular simulation of random peptide phase separation and its extended-to-compact structure transition driven by hydrophobic interactions
Authors: Kang Wen Bin , Bao Lei , Zhang Kai , Guo Jia , Zhu Ben Chao , Tang Qian-Yuan , Ren Wei Tong , Zhu Gen
Published: September 2023

Stronger hydrophobic interactions result in more compact single-chain structures, elevating the tendency as well as the critical temperature of phase separation.
Surface tension measurement and calculation of model biomolecular condensates
Authors: Holland Jack , Castrejón-Pita Alfonso A. , Tuinier Remco , Aarts Dirk G. A. L. , Nott Timothy J.
Published: September 2023

Straightforward sessile drop measurements of surface tension for model biomolecular condensates comprising phase-separated Ddx4N are presented. We compare these with theoretical calculations, based around the self-consistent Scheutjens–Fleer theory.
A swin transformer based bird nest detection approach with unmanned aerial vehicle images for power distribution and pole towers
Authors: Meng Yue , Song Yu , Chen Yuquan , Zhang Xin , Wu Mei , Du Biao
Published: September 2023

The authors propose a novel object detection algorithm for identifying bird nests in medium voltage power line aerial images, which is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of the power grid. The algorithm utilises an improved Swin Transformer as the main feature extraction network of Fast R‐CNN, further enhanced with a channel attention and modified binary self‐attention mechanism to improve the feature representation ability. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on a newly constructed image dataset of medium voltage transmission lines containing bird nests, which are annotated and classified. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves satisfied accuracy and robustness in recognising bird nests compared to traditional algorithms.
Feature selection algorithm for substation main equipment defect text mining based on natural language processing
Authors: Mai Xiaoqing , Zhang Tianhu , Hu Changwu , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2023

The dimension of relevant text feature space and feature weight of substation main equipment defect information is high, so it is difficult to accurately select mining features. The Natural Language Processing (NLP) medium and short‐term neural network model is used to realise the defect information text feature word segmentation in the log. After extracting the text features of defect information of main substation equipment with high categories to form the feature space; the TF‐IDF algorithm is designed to calculate the importance weight of text keywords, judge the criticality of defect information text feature vocabulary, accurately locate defect information text features, and realise defect information text feature mining. Experiments show that the algorithm has high precision for specific word segmentation of massive substation main equipment log information.
PDE‐constrained model predictive control of open‐channel systems
Authors: Xie Yongfang , Zeng Ningjun , Zhang Shaohui , Cen Lihui , Chen Xiaofang
Published: September 2023

A PDE‐constrained model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for open‐channel systems based on the Saint‐Vevant(S‐V) equations is investigated in this paper. The S‐V equations, which precisely model the dynamics of open‐channel systems, are quasi‐linear hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) without analytical solutions. Directly applying the S‐V equations to an MPC controller design becomes sophisticated. In this work, the calculus of variation is used to obtain the adjoint equations and the adjoint analysis method is utilized to deduce the gradients of the MPC optimization problem. Particularly, the physical constraints involving both the state and control variables are also considered. A gradient‐based optimization algorithm in combination with the numerical computation of Preissmann implicit scheme is proposed to solve the constrained MPC optimization problem. The control performances of the developed PDE‐constrained MPC algorithm with respect to the controlled water levels and gate openings are compared with those of the MPC controller designed for the linearized model. All the simulation tests are carried out on an aqueduct reach in Yehe Irrigation District in Hebei Province, China. The results show that the proposed PDE‐constrained MPC algorithm is a promising method in dealing with the constraints in terms of hyperbolic PDEs, control variables and state variables simultaneously.
A dual P‐layer 4H‐SiC p‐i‐n photodetector for the detection from extreme ultraviolet to ultraviolet‐A
Authors: Zhang Ruijun , Liu Jia , Liu Geng , Yao Liang , Liu Ying , Hong Rongdun , Zhang Feng
Published: September 2023

A dual P‐layer 4H‐SiC p‐i‐n ultraviolet photodetector is proposed and studied. The modeling results of the photoelectric characteristics demonstrate the dual P‐layer structure could effectively reduce the recombination of the photogenerated carriers and separate more electron‐hole pairs near the surface of the device. And, the photodetector exhibits a significantly high response and detectivity, especially in the wavelength range of extreme ultraviolet to ultraviolet‐C. A high spectral response peak of 0.2 A/W corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 95.3% is achieved. Furthermore, an avalanche breakdown voltage as low as 182 V is observed. The dual P‐layer structure significantly presents an innovative approach for the advancement of future ultraviolet photodetectors applied in the detection at illumination wavelengths ranging from extreme ultraviolet to ultraviolet‐A.
Research on cogging torque reduction method for permanent magnet synchronous motor accounting for the magnetic pole edge effect
Authors: Yan Dong , Yan Yan , Cheng Yiqiu , Guo Liyan , Shi Tingna
Published: September 2023

Due to the existence of the magnetic pole edge effect, the actual cogging torque of the existing segmented step skew motor does not reach the theoretical minimum. Thus, a method for suppressing cogging torque of permanent magnet synchronous motor considering the magnetic pole edge effect is proposed. The magnetic pole edge effect is creatively converted into the amplitude and phase offset of the cogging torque generated by each pole segment. On this basis, an optimization problem is constructed in which the fundamental component of cogging torque is zero and the total harmonics is minimum. The optimal magnetic pole length and skew angle parameters of each segment are obtained by solving the optimization problem quantitatively. The results can provide theoretical guidance for motor design, which can minimize the cogging torque of step skew structures. The effectiveness of the proposed method in weakening the cogging torque of the step skew motor is demonstrated by theoretical calculation, 3D finite element analysis, and experimental results.
The effect of Jupiter on the CAI storage problem
Authors: Jongejan S. , Dominik C. , Dullemond C.P.
Published: September 2023

Context. Meteorites preserve an imprint of conditions in the early Solar System. By studying the distribution of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) that are embedded within meteorites, we can learn about the dynamical history of the protoplanetary disk from which our Solar System formed. A long-standing problem concerning CAIs is the CAI storage problem. CAIs are thought to have formed at high temperatures near the Sun, but they are primarily found in carbonaceous chondrites, which formed much further out, beyond the orbit of Jupiter. Additionally, radial drift of CAI particles should have removed them from the solar protoplanetary disk several million years before the parent bodies of meteorites in which they are encountered would have accreted.

Aims. We revisit a previously suggested solution to the CAI storage problem by Desch, Kalyaan, and Alexander which proposed that CAIs were mixed radially outward through the disk and subsequently got trapped in a pressure maximum created by Jupiter’s growing core opening a planet gap. Our aim is to investigate whether their solution still works when we take into account the infall phase during which the disk builds up from the collapse of a molecular cloud core.

Methods. We build a 1D numerical code in Python using the DISKLAB package to simulate the evolution of the solar protoplanetary disk, starting with a collapsing molecular cloud. CAIs are created in the model by thermal processing of solar nebula composition dust, and subsequently transported through the disk by turbulent diffusion, radial drift and advection by the gas.

Results. We find that outward transport of CAIs during the infall phase is very efficient, possibly mixing them all the way into the far outer disk. Subsequent inward radial drift collects CAIs in the pressure maximum beyond Jupiter’s orbit while draining the inner disk, roughly reproducing parts of the result by Desch et al. By introducing CAI formation so early, abundances out to 100 AU remain significant, possibly not consistent with some meteoritic data. It is possible to create a disk that does not expand as far out and also does not push CAIs as far out by using a very slowly rotating cloud.
Tracing snowlines and C/O ratio in a planet-hosting disk
Authors: Booth Alice S. , Law Charles J. , Temmink Milou , Leemker Margot , Macías Enrique
Published: September 2023

The composition of a forming planet is set by the material it accretes from its parent protoplanetary disk. Therefore, it is crucial to map the chemical make-up of the gas in disks to understand the chemical environment of planet formation. This paper presents molecular line observations taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array of the planet-hosting disk around the young star HD 169142. We detect N2H+, CH3OH, [CI], DCN, CS, C34S, 13CS, H2CS, H2CO, HC3N, and c–C3H2 in this system for the first time. Combining these data with the recent detection of SO and previously published DCO+ data, we estimated the location of H2O and CO snowlines and investigate radial variations in the gas phase C/O ratio. We find that the HD 169142 disk has a relatively low N2H+ flux compared to the disks around Herbig stars HD 163296 and MWC 480, indicating less CO freeze-out, and place the CO snowline beyond the millimetre disk at ≈150 au. The detection of CH3OH from the inner disk is consistent with the H2O snowline being located at the edge of the central dust cavity at ≈20 au. The radially varying CS/SO ratio across the proposed H2O snowline location is consistent with this interpretation. Additionally, the detection of CH3OH in such a warm disk adds to the growing evidence supporting the inheritance of complex ices in disks from the earlier colder stages of star formation. Finally, we propose that the giant HD 169142 b located at 37 au is forming between the CO2 and H2O snowlines where the local elemental make-up of the gas is expected to have C/O ≈ 1.0.
A new measurement of the expansion history of the Universe at z = 1.26 with cosmic chronometers in VANDELS
Authors: Tomasetti E. , Moresco M. , Borghi N. , Jiao K. , Cimatti A. , Pozzetti L. , Carnall A. C. , McLure R. J. , Pentericci L.
Published: September 2023

Aims. We aim to derive a new constraint on the expansion history of the Universe by applying the cosmic chronometers method in the VANDELS survey, studying the age evolution of high-redshift galaxies with a full-spectral-fitting approach.

Methods. We selected a sample of 39 massive (log(M⋆/M⊙) > 10.8) and passive (log(sSFR/yr−1) < −11) galaxies from the fourth data release of the VANDELS survey at 1 < z < 1.5. To minimise the potential contamination by star-forming outliers, we selected our sample by combining different selection criteria, considering both photometric and spectroscopic information. The analysis of the observed spectral features provides direct evidence of an age evolution with redshift and of mass-downsizing, with more massive galaxies presenting stronger age-related features. To estimate the physical properties of the sample, we performed full spectral fitting with the code BAGPIPES, jointly analysing spectra and photometry of our sources without any cosmological assumption regarding the age of the population.

Results. The derived physical properties of the selected galaxies are characteristic of a passive population, with short star formation timescales (⟨τ⟩ = 0.28 ± 0.02 Gyr), low dust extinction (⟨AV, dust⟩ = 0.43 ± 0.02 mag), and sub-solar metallicities (⟨Z/Z⊙⟩ = 0.44 ± 0.01) compatible with other measurements of similar galaxies in this redshift range. The stellar ages, even if no cosmological constraint is assumed in the fit, show a decreasing trend compatible with a standard cosmological model, proving the robustness of the method in measuring the ageing of the population. Moreover, they show a distinctive mass-downsizing pattern, with more massive galaxies (⟨log(M⋆/M⊙)⟩ = 11.4) being older than less massive ones (⟨log(M⋆/M⊙)⟩ = 11.15) by ∼0.8 Gyr. We thoroughly tested the dependence of our results on the assumed SFH, finding a maximum 2% fluctuation on median results using models with significantly different functional forms. The derived ages are combined to build a median age–redshift relation, which we used to perform our cosmological analysis.

Conclusions. By fitting the median age–redshift relation with a flat ΛCDM model, assuming a Gaussian prior on ΩM, 0 = 0.3 ± 0.02 from late-Universe cosmological probes, we obtain a new estimate of the Hubble constant H0 = 67−15+14 km s−1 Mpc−1. In the end, we derive a new estimate of the Hubble parameter by applying the cosmic chronometers method to this sample, deriving a value of H(z = 1.26) = 135 ± 65 km s−1 Mpc−1 considering both statistical and systematic errors. While the error budget in this analysis is dominated by the scarcity of the sample, this work demonstrates the potential strength of the cosmic chronometers approach up to z > 1, especially in view of the next incoming large spectroscopic surveys such as Euclid.
Testing external photoevaporation in the σ-Orionis cluster with spectroscopy and disk mass measurements
Authors: Maucó K. , Manara C. F. , Ansdell M. , Bettoni G. , Claes R. , Alcala J. , Miotello A. , Facchini S. , Haworth T. J. , Lodato G. , Williams J. P.
Published: September 2023

Context. The evolution of protoplanetary disks is regulated by an interplay of several processes, either internal to the system or related to the environment. As most of the stars and planets, including our own Solar System, have formed in massive stellar clusters that contain OB-type stars, studying the effects of UV radiation on disk evolution is of paramount importance.

Aims. For this work, we tested the impact of external photoevaporation on the evolution of disks in the mid-age (~3–5 Myr) σ-Orionis cluster by conducting the first combined large-scale UV to IR spectroscopic and millimeter-continuum survey of this region.

Methods. We studied a sample of 50 targets located at increasing distances from the central, massive OB system σ-Ori. We combined new spectra obtained with VLT/X-shooter, used to measure mass accretion rates and stellar masses, with new and previously published ALMA measurements of disk dust and gas fluxes and masses.

Results. We confirm the previously found decrease in Mdust in the inner ~0.5 pc of the cluster. This is particularly evident when considering the disks around the more massive stars (≥0.4 M⊙), where those located in the inner part (<0.5 pc) of the cluster have Mdust about an order of magnitude lower than the more distant ones. About half of the sample is located in the region of the Ṁacc versus Mdisk expected by models of external photoevaporation, namely showing shorter disk lifetimes than expected for their ages. The shorter disk lifetimes is observed for all targets with a projected separation from σ-Ori < 0.5 pc, proving that the presence of a massive stellar system affects disk evolution.

Conclusions. External photoevaporation is a viable mechanism to explain the observed shorter disk lifetimes and lower Mdust in the inner ~0.5 pc of the σ-Orionis cluster, where the effects of this process are more pronounced. Follow-up observations of the low stellar mass targets are crucial to constrain disk dispersion timescales in the cluster and to confirm the dependence of the external photoevaporation process with stellar host mass. This work confirms that the effects of external photoevaporation are significant down to at least impinging radiation as low as ~104 G0.
The influence of schematic design document on outcome of design and build project of public buildings
Authors: Lestari Rialita Dwi , Bali Ika , Widjajakusuma Jack
Published: September 2023

Observing the advantages of integrated solutions for public buildings, the government has accommodated the use of integrated methods through the Minister of PUPR Regulation No. 25 of 2020. The current phenomenon, the minimal initial design is still considered a major weakness. For this reason, it is necessary to explore the level of influence of the schematic design document on the success of the outcome. This research objective was to analyse the influence of the schematic design document on the success of the outcome based on the time variable. The selection of case studies is aimed at public buildings since there are still weak points in the smoothness of the articulation of schematic design documents from service users to design development by service providers. This research approach focuses on intensive and in-depth analysis through observation of project case studies in 3 cities and statistical tests. The results of this exploration indicate that the schematic design document influences the success of receiving the outcome, with the highest influence coefficient of 4.244 on the variable of landscape documents. Hopefully, this study can serve as a performance tool for service user requirements for construction service actors with the Integrated Design and Build Method.
A review and bibliometric analysis of utilizing building information modeling (BIM) on effective operation and maintenance (O&M)
Authors: Goretti Hannah A. , Kaming Peter
Published: September 2023

Developments in information technology can facilitate the planning and implementation of sustainable development. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one such technology that can be utilized to achieve this goal. BIM has now reached dimensions of 6D and even 7D, with 6D BIM being used for energy analysis and 7D BIM for facility management during the operational and maintenance period of a building. This paper aims to discuss patterns, gaps, and trends in the utilization of BIM for effective building operation and maintenance. Bibliometric data mapping was conducted using VOSviewer® software, and 219 scholarly bibliographic records from the Scopus database between 2009 and 2023 were analyzed. The results showed that the highest publication growth was in 2021, with 36 publications (16.44%). China published the most articles, with 74 (29.84%). Recent research reviews indicate that BIM can facilitate the O&M process of a facility, including maintenance and repair, energy management, and security. However, there are still many challenges related to the BIM 7D function, such as data interoperability issues and the need for a framework for using BIM. The study also examines the application of BIM 7D in Indonesia. Further research is needed to balance the utilization of BIM for facility management with its application for asset management.
Application of value engineering to the regional SPAM of Agam Regency – Bukittinggi City, West Sumatra Province
Authors: Latif Vinka Tania , Vici Gratia Ferrara , Anondho Basuki
Published: September 2023

Access to clean drinking water is critical for human well-being and socio-economic development. In Indonesia, the water supply system, known as Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM), is crucial for providing access to clean drinking water, an essential resource for the country's growing population and economic development. The objective of this study is to apply Value Engineering, using a six-stage process, to optimize the network distribution system within the Regional SPAM of Agam Regency - Bukittinggi City, West Sumatra Province, thereby enhancing water accessibility and infrastructure efficiency. The stages include information gathering, function analysis, creativity, evaluation, recommendation, and implementation. By utilizing the multi-Criteria Analysis method during the evaluation stage, this research systematically assesses available alternatives, ultimately identifying the most effective and economically viable solution, the use of HDPE pipes in the distribution system. The findings have significant implications for improving drinking water accessibility and advancing sustainable infrastructure development in Indonesia.
Wave distribution and proposed seawall design around Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang
Authors: Wijayanti Estu , Nurfaida Wakhidatik , Sulaiman Muhammad , Kurniawan Adhy
Published: September 2023

On May 23rd, 2022, an extreme coastal event occurred around the northern coast of Java. This event had caused the collapsed of several seawall segments around Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang. Combined with wave overtopping, it led to severe flooding and economic damages to the port operation. Responding to the event, this research aimed to characterize the hydrodynamic condition around the port and proposed a seawall design. The research was done through field observation, wave climate characterization, and numerical simulation. The field observation confirmed the extent of the damage and wave condition around the harbour. The wave climate study, based on a global wave reanalysis data, confirmed that the offshore wave height could reach 3 m during high wave season, with wave period of 4 – 6 seconds coming from the northwest. The tidal range is up to 1 m with highest astronomical tide (HAT) is at +0.65 MSL. The extreme value analysis gave a 3.7 meter of offshore design wave height for 100-year return period or up to 1.7 meters wave height nearshore. The proposed seawall crest elevation is at least at +3.40 meters above the mean sea level to avoid overtopping, which is 1.1 m higher than the existing seawall.
Alternatives of drainage engineering in tidal flood prone areas using eco-infrastructure approach in North Pekalongan
Authors: Haque Laily Fadhilah Sabilal , Nurfaida Wakhidatik
Published: September 2023

Tidal flood is one of the the most persistent disaster in Indonesia. It often occurs during the high tide, which can be exacerbated by extreme tidal surges, land subsidence, and sea level rise. The coastal area of Pekalongan, especially in Panjang Wetan, is one of the impacted areas during the extreme tidal flood in May 2022. Data from Indonesia Geospatial Agency showed that maximum spring tides elevation reached + 0.4 to +0.5 m above the mean sea level. Currently, although sea dike has been installed in some parts, floods are still occurring. On the other hand, interest on the nature-based solution concept is globally increasing. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the possibility of eco-infrastructure applications in mitigating coastal flooding. The analysis was done through numerical simulation using HEC-RAS model which divided into three different scenarios: existing condition, grey infrastructure scenario, and a combination of grey and blue infrastructure scenario. The simulation results indicated that the existing drainage conditions in the area was not sufficient to accommodate the flood. The grey infrastructure could restrain the tidal overtopping, while the proposed eco-infrastructure could address this issue mainly by providing a buffer zone to prevent the water from entering the settlement areas.
Effects of sluice gate operation on sediment flushing in Bekasi weir using a 1D numerical model
Authors: Zulfan James , Ginting Bobby Minola , Hidayat Marta Nugraha
Published: September 2023

Sedimentation upstream of a weir is a common phenomenon, especially for a river with high sedimentation. In the long term, this can lead to problems since the discharge capacity will decrease due to the rise of the riverbed, as experienced in Bekasi Weir, West Java, Indonesia. The upstream accumulated sediments increased up to 1.5 m from its original riverbed in a decade. One of the easiest ways to overcome this issue is to return the riverbed elevation to its actual elevation by manual excavation or sediment flushing using a sluice gate. This paper discusses the effects of operating three sluice gates of the Bekasi Weir for flushing the deposited sediments. The analysis was carried out through 1D modeling using MIKE-11 software to analyze the morphological effects after flushing the sediments with variations of sluice gate opening scenarios. Finally, it was found that without any manual excavation, the flushing method with one fully-opened gate was the best solution by giving a significant upstream bed degradation of up to 1 m, reducing the upstream flood level, and maintaining the upstream-downstream freeboard. The solution could be more effective when combined with river normalization.
Analysis of hydrodynamics and thermal dispersion by numerical modelling in Sele Strait, West Papua
Authors: Yesaya Alvin , Laksmi Anasya Arsita , Mangopo Mikhael
Published: September 2023

Indonesian standard for wastewater quality regulates 40°C for the maximum outfall temperature. Meanwhile, the seawater temperature below 30°C is utilized for the cooling facility which the intake area is close to the outfall source. This research examine the hydrodynamics and thermal dispersion condition in PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional Kasim process plant in Sele Strait, West Papua. This study uses a two-dimensional numerical model Mike21 for a one-year simulation. Considering the limited field data, the ERA5 reanalysis satellite was utilized for the model input boundary. It also finds the discharge from the river with a temperature assumption of 26.5°C also in the boundary. The model validated with tidal field data with an R-squared number is 0.86. The hydrodynamics model shows the current speed in the intake area varied between 0-0.5 m/s. Two-scenario thermal simulation model (outfall condition 37°C & 40°C) shows that the frequency of 27°C water temperature is 81.5% and 85.8% respectively. Both scenarios give less than 10% for the temperature above 30°C. It concludes that the intake and outfall design planned is proper in the Kasim process plant.
Bedload transport analysis using various methods
Authors: Harsanto Puji , Adicandra Mohammad Huda , Lesmana Surya Budi
Published: September 2023

Mount Merapi, located between the provinces of Central Java and Yogyakarta, is one of the most active volcanoes, regularly spewing lahar material and supplying sediment to the surrounding rivers. These rivers are classified as volcanic rivers and some are utilized as irrigation water sources, flowing through densely populated areas that require the construction of river structures such as retaining walls, bridge pillars, weirs, and groundsills. Bedload transport calculation is an essential part of planning such as river constructions. As bedload transport calculations are continually evolving, scientists have developed several formulaic approaches. To determine the appropriate formula, evaluating existing formulae is necessary. In this study, we compared bedload transport calculations to laboratory measurements using sediment materials sourced from rivers originating from Mount Merapi. The formula used in the study was based on the sediment material's d50 diameter parameter. Our analysis indicates that the equation proposed by Lajeunesse, Malverti, and Charru (2010) yields the closest results to those obtained in the laboratory.