bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiepileptic drugs: evolution of our knowledge and changes in drug trials
Authors: Perucca Emilio
Published: January 2024

Clinical trials provide the evidence needed for rational use of medicines. The evolution of drug trials follows largely the evolution of regulatory requirements. This article summarizes methodological changes in antiepileptic drug trials and associated advances in knowledge starting from 1938, the year phenytoin was introduced and also the year when evidence of safety was made a requirement for the marketing of medicines in the United States. The first period (1938–1969) saw the introduction of over 20 new drugs for epilepsy, many of which did not withstand the test of time. Only few well controlled trials were completed in that period and trial designs were generally suboptimal due to methodological constraints. The intermediate period (1970–1988) did not see the introduction of any major new medication, but important therapeutic advances took place due to improved understanding of the properties of available drugs. The value of therapeutic drug monitoring and monotherapy were recognized during the intermediate period, which also saw major improvements in trial methodology. The last period (1989–2019) was dominated by the introduction of second‐generation drugs, and further evolution in the design of monotherapy and adjunctive‐therapy trials. The expansion of the pharmacological armamentarium has improved opportunities for tailoring drug treatment to the characteristics of the individual. However, there is still inadequate evidence from controlled trials to guide treatment selection for most epilepsy syndromes, particularly in children. Second‐generation drugs had a very modest impact on drug resistance, and a change in paradigm for drug discovery and development is needed, focusing on treatments that target the causes and mechanisms of epilepsy rather than its symptoms. Testing potential disease modifying agents will require innovative trial designs and novel endpoints, and will hopefully lead to introduction of safer and more effective therapies.
Ictal kissing in a patient with right frontal lobe epilepsy
Authors: de Campos António Martins , Rocha Helena , da Costa José Manuel Dias , Rego Ricardo
Published: January 2024

When performing pre‐surgical evaluation of patients with refractory epilepsy, the analysis of seizure semiology is one of the key elements used to generate a hypothesis about the location of the epileptogenic zone. Ictal kissing is a very rarely observed ictal automatism described in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. We present a 62‐year‐old man who was referred to our epilepsy centre for comprehensive evaluation. During prolonged video‐EEG monitoring, six focal‐onset hyperkinetic seizures were registered. In five seizures, the patient repeatedly produced sonorous kisses “into the air”. Initial ictal EEG pattern consisted of rhythmic theta or alpha activity at the right fronto‐polar and fronto‐medial electrodes. MRI depicted focal cortical dysplasia located in the right prefrontal medial cortex. This case suggests that ictal kissing can also occur in the setting of right frontal lobe epilepsy; we therefore believe that this observation expands the anatomo‐clinical correlation for this rare ictal automatism. [Published with video sequences].
Self‐stimulation in an adult misdiagnosed with focal epilepsy
Authors: Correia Pedro , Hartl Elizabeth , Noachtar Soheyl
Published: January 2024

Self‐stimulation is a normal part of development and a common behaviour in children before puberty, but very rare in adults. The stereotyped semiology can sometimes raise the suspicion of epilepsy. We present a 30‐year‐old patient who came to our epilepsy monitoring unit for differential diagnosis of nocturnal episodes, interpreted elsewhere as hypermotor status epilepticus associated with a known diagnosis of focal epilepsy and septo‐optic dysplasia. The recorded events during video‐EEG were consistent with psychogenic self‐stimulating behaviour, which improved with psychotherapy. Disturbed sexual development with hypopituitarism and poor eyesight, androgen replacement therapy, alongside a protective environment provided by her parents, were the identified predisposing factors for this uncommon entity in an adult. [Published with video sequence].
Epileptic encephalopathy with microcephaly in a patient with asparagine synthetase deficiency: a video‐EEG report∗
Authors: Costa Paola , Zanus Caterina , Faletra Flavio , Ventura Giulia , di Marzio Giulia Maria , Cervesi Chiara , Carrozzi Marco
Published: January 2024

Asparagine synthetase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations in the asparagine synthetase gene. It is characterized by congenital microcephaly, intellectual disability, progressive cerebral atrophy, and intractable seizures. A decrease in asparagine in CSF or plasma guides subsequent investigations in some cases, but normal values are described in other cases. Therefore, reaching a diagnosis is challenging and relies on exome sequencing. We report the case of a child with progressive microcephaly, irritability, startle reflexes, and jitteriness since birth. Focal clonic and myoclonic seizures, status epilepticus, and infantile spasms appeared in the first months of life. At first, the EEG showed multifocal epileptic activity which later turned into modified hypsarrhythmia and discontinuous activity. Brain MRI showed brain atrophy, a simplified gyral pattern, and poor myelination. Plasma asparagine levels were normal. Due to remote parental consanguinity, a study of contiguous regions of runs of homozygosity was performed, showing a 5‐Mb region (chr7:95629078–100679007) including the asparagine synthetase gene. The molecular analysis of this gene led to identification of a novel homozygous missense mutation, c.761G>T(p.Gly254Val), in our patient. The peculiar electroclinical phenotype may lead to diagnostic suspicion and molecular analysis which may benefit genetic counselling. [Published with video sequence].
Management of epilepsy in pregnancy: a report from the International League Against Epilepsy Task Force on Women and Pregnancy
Authors: Tomson Torbjörn , Battino Dina , Bromley Rebecca , Kochen Silvia , Meador Kimford , Pennell Page , Thomas Sanjeev V.
Published: January 2024

The risks associated with use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy are a major concern for all women with epilepsy with childbearing potential. These risks have to be balanced against foetal and maternal risks associated with uncontrolled seizures. This report from the International League Against Epilepsy Task Force on Women and Pregnancy aims to provide a summary of relevant data on these risks as a basis for expert opinion recommendations for the management of epilepsy in pregnancy. The report reviews data on maternal and foetal risks associated with seizures as well as teratogenic risks associated with antiepileptic drug exposure, including effects on intrauterine growth, major congenital malformations, and developmental and behavioural outcomes. The impact of pregnancy on seizure control and on the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs are also discussed. This information is used to discuss how treatment may be optimized before conception and further managed during pregnancy.
The aetiology of psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures: risk factors and comorbidities
Authors: Popkirov Stoyan , Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Duncan Roderick , Gigineishvili David , Hingray Coraline , Miguel Kanner Andres , LaFrance W. Curt , Pretorius Chrisma , Reuber Markus ,   on behalf of the ILAE PNES Task Force
Published: January 2024

Psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures (PNES), also known as dissociative seizures, are paroxysms of altered subjective experience, involuntary movements and reduced self‐control that can resemble epileptic seizures, but have distinct clinical characteristics and a complex neuropsychiatric aetiology. They are common, accounting for over 10% of seizure emergencies and around 30% of cases in tertiary epilepsy units, but the diagnosis is often missed or delayed. The recently proposed “integrative cognitive model” accommodates current research on experiential, psychological and biological risk factors for the development of PNES, but in view of the considerable heterogeneity of presentations and medical context, it is not certain that a universal model can capture the full range of PNES manifestations. This narrative review addresses key learning objectives of the ILAE curriculum by describing the demographic profile, common risk factors (such as trauma or acute stress) and comorbid disorders (such as other dissociative and functional disorders, post‐traumatic stress disorder, depressive and anxiety disorders, personality disorders, comorbid epilepsy, head injury, cognitive and sleep problems, migraine, pain, and asthma). The clinical implications of demographic and aetiological factors for diagnosis and treatment planning are addressed.
Defecation reflex seizures: a case report with long‐term VEEG monitoring, neuroimaging and comprehensive epilepsy evaluation
Authors: Rocha Renata Pina , Macedo Eugenia Fialho , Fernandes Regina Maria França , Thomé Ursula , Sakamoto Américo C. , Wichert-Ana Lauro , Hamad Ana Paula Andrade
Published: January 2024

Reflex seizures are consistently elicited by a specific afferent sensory stimulus or an activity undertaken by the patient. Among many known stimuli, defecation has rarely been reported. We describe the case of a child with reflex seizures triggered by defecation, considering the diagnostic challenge, epilepsy evaluation with video‐EEG monitoring, as well as impact on neuropsychology, behaviour and quality of life. The child was a 10‐year‐old boy with seizure onset at age four with epilepsy diagnosis established one and a half years later. Seizures were focal with impaired awareness triggered by defecation. Video‐EEG and structural and functional neuroimaging were performed and all pointed to the left temporal region. The patient became seizure‐free with carbamazepine and valproic acid. Neuropsychological and quality of life assessments suggested global impairment, both before and after seizure control. This is the third case of epilepsy induced by defecation reported in the literature. The rarity of this entity may be a diagnostic challenge and postpone specific treatment. Reporting of cases of defecation reflex epilepsy may provide a better understanding of its physiopathology and optimize effective treatment, avoiding cognitive, behavioural and poor social consequences. [
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LGI‐1 antibody encephalitis in a seven‐year‐old girl
Authors: Mir Ali , Thani Ziyad , Bashir Shahid , Ayed Hana , Albaradie Raidah
Published: January 2024

LGI‐1 antibody encephalitis is a rare autoimmune limbic encephalitis which has been reported predominantly in adults. Seizures in LGI‐1 antibody encephalitis exhibit significant semiological variability. Faciobrachial dystonic seizures are characteristically seen in this condition and have so far been described only in adults. Other seizure types have also been reported. We describe the case of a seven‐year‐old girl with LGI‐1 limbic encephalitis who presented with acute new‐onset seizures, and rapidly deteriorated over the course of a few weeks with very frequent seizures and encephalopathy, becoming non‐verbal and non‐ambulatory. The electroclinical presentation of this child with LGI‐1 encephalitis makes this case unique and further highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion for diagnosis in young children. Early diagnosis can lead to prompt and appropriate treatment with immunotherapy, and potential harmful treatments such as pharmacological coma can be avoided. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest case ever reporter. [
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Epilepsia partialis continua and cortical motor control: insights into physiology
Authors: Fernández‐Torre José L. , Martín-García María , Orozco-Sevilla Ernesto , Mato-Mañas David , Hernández‐Hernández Miguel A. , Marco de Lucas Enrique
Published: January 2024

Motor epilepsia partialis continua is a widely described variant of simple focal motor status epilepticus. However, few studies have addressed associated pathophysiological anomalies that may help us understand the cortical organization, basic functioning and control of voluntary movement. We describe the clinical, video‐EEG and neuroimaging findings from two cases of motor epilepsia partialis continua that support the hypothesis of the coexistence of both classic body and complex motor map models in the cortical organization of voluntary movement in humans. [
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Surgical management of pediatric patients with encephalopathy due to electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES)
Authors: Wang Shelly , Weil Alexander G. , Ibrahim George M. , Fallah Aria , Korman Brandon , Ragheb John , Bhatia Sanjiv , Duchowny Michael
Published: January 2024

Aims
: ESES is a developmental epileptic disorder directly responsible for progressive encephalopathy and neurocognitive regression. The natural history, indications for surgical intervention, and predictors for favorable seizure and neuropsychological outcome remain unclear.

Methods
: We performed a retrospective review of children who underwent resective or disconnective surgery for ESES between January 2009 and July 2016 at a large tertiary pediatric center. Information on the patients’ demographics, seizure semiology, radiographic and electrographic findings, and surgical management was collected. The primary outcome was seizure freedom at last follow‐up visit, and secondary outcomes were neuropsychological improvement and electrographic ESES resolution.

Results
: We identified 11 children who underwent surgery for ESES. The mean ages were 3.2 years for seizure onset, 7.1 years for formal ESES diagnosis, and 9.4 years for surgery. Seizure etiologies included cortical malformations (four patients), encephalomalacia and gliosis from prior hemorrhage or tumor resections (three patients), developmental porencephaly (one patient), and Rasmussen's encephalitis (one patient); the etiology was unknown in two children. Preoperatively, nine children had motor deficits, seven had speech and language delay, and three had visual field defects. All children had seizures and neuropsychological regression prior to surgical consideration. Focal cortical resections were performed in seven children, and hemispherectomies in four. Post‐operatively, nine children experienced decreased seizure frequency, eight had neuropsychological improvement, and nine had resolution of electrographic ESES. Patients with poor surgical outcomes had more significant pre‐operative comorbidities, in addition to bilateral ESES activity.

Conclusion
: In this case series, surgery for a carefully selected group of children with ESES is safe and feasible, yielding rates of seizure freedom and neuropsychological improvement that compare favorably with previous reports for antiepileptic drugs, benzodiazepines, and steroids. As we gain greater understanding into the management of ESES, surgery is an increasingly useful tool for patients with mild or moderate neurodevelopmental delay, focal epileptogenic foci, and hemi‐ESES electrographic findings.
Assessment of motor skills in 5-6 year old Italian children using the MABC-2: a preliminary study
Authors: D’Isanto Tiziana , Aliberti Sara , Raiola Gaetano , D’Elia Francesca
Published: January 2024

The Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2) is a standardized test used to assess movement skills in children aged between 3-16 years old and to diagnose developmental coordination disorders (DCDs). Monitoring movement skills in children’s is crucial to ensuring their proper physical development, as movement difficulties affect other areas of learning. In particular, it was interesting to investigate the role of gender and age in relation to different movement skills, as their development is influenced by genetic potential, in order which variables can help teachers to predict movement difficulties. The aim of the present study was to quantify the children's movement performance and to analyze the influence of gender, age and the gender x age interaction on movement performance. Methods: The sample consisted of 102 children aged between 5-6 years old from kindergartens. The MABC-2 was used to assess the children's movement performance, which comprised three sub-sections: manual skills, ball skills and balance skills. MANOVA was performed to assess the impact of gender, age and gender x age on performance. Chi Square was used to test differences in movement difficulties among gender. Results: The results showed a significant impact of both gender and age on performance individually, with a significant interaction effect of gender and age on performance. Conclusions: 12 children had several movement difficulties, while only 9 were at risk of DCDs, requiring ecological intervention.
Peer Learning As One of the Pathways to Educational Equity
Authors: Sławińska Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

This article discusses peer learning as a strategy that promotes equity in institutionalized education. Peer learning is a process where students learn from their peers during formal and informal interactions without significant intervention from the teacher. Three types of peer learning were discussed: peer tutoring, cooperative learning, and collaborative learning. The key elements of each type of peer learning were identified, and their role in equalizing educational opportunities was analyzed. In this context, peer learning promotes student participation and engagement, and it improves the academic performance of all students in a diverse classroom.
Equal opportunities in shaping pupils’ identity in a multicultural school environment. A pilotage concept of work for transcultural education in grades I–III
Authors: Lisowska Kinga
Published: January 2024

Shaping children`s and youth`s identities from the perspective of dynamically changing societies after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian attack on Ukraine is one of the fundamental problems of educational and upbringing institutions. There is a lack of system solutions that take into account in the teaching and learning process both the pupil’s home culture (often different from the environment of current residence) and the culture experienced in the perspective of life and education. Coexistence, building the cultural structure of individuals in multicultural societies, is possible by introducing, from the first stages of education, a transcultural approach to creating the school`s reality. It also balances the chances of each pupil to find its references: experiences and values that shape individual and collective identity while establishing protection against “getting lost”. This article aims to present a pilot concept of work, which points to theoretical and practical solutions in the field of education for trans-culturalism in grades I-III. The concept should then be verified in the school environment from both teachers’ and students’ perspectives. It will make it possible to determine whether the planned activities and how they are presented are appropriate for children at the first stage of education and whether, based on the prepared material, it is possible to balance the chances of shaping the identity of individuals in multicultural environments.
The professionalisation of teachers’ professional activities towards equalising educational opportunities for students
Authors: Dobińska Gabriela , Kosiorek Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

The subject of the undertaken analyses was the strategies used by teachers as part of bringing them closer to pedagogical expertise. The research aims to show the ways of defining profession-alisation by the respondents. As a result, we were looking for the answers to how teachers perceive professionalism and what actions they take to achieve pedagogical expertise. The empirical material comprises 19 interviews with teachers implementing the International Baccalaureate Programme. The theoretical framework for us was symbolic interactionism. We used the procedures of grounded theory methodology. As a result, we reconstructed the strategies they use to approach pedagogical expertise. We managed to characterise the three main dimensions of striving for professionalism by international schoolteachers, i.e., achieving professionalism through relationships, staying up to date, and achieving formal gratifications.
Immersing oneself in the world of Rock to act. Implications for educational practice
Authors: Adamska-Staroń Monika
Published: January 2024

The article is part of research on the educational contexts of popular culture. It is a voice in the discussion focusing on possible ways of using Rock songs in formal education, including academic education in pedagogy and interpretive participation in culture. The research results (part of them) presented in this article show that reflective immersion in the Rock world and education through Rock songs inspire various activities aimed at self-development. It promotes the development of competencies needed in a changing world, including formulating and expressing one’s thoughts, beliefs, critical thinking or constructive dialogue, expressing and understanding different points of view, as well as appreciating the importance of creatively expressing thoughts, experiences and feelings using various means of expression, including music, performing arts, literature and visual arts.
Equal Opportunities for Everyone in the Context of Teacher Competence in Academic Remote Education in the Times of Coronavirus
Authors: Kožuh Anna
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the problem of teaching competencies in distance learning at the academic level in the context of equal opportunities. In this perspective, the article shows the successes and difficulties of distance learning among teachers and students. The article presents the results of a survey conducted on a sample of academic teachers after the first semester of compulsory distance learning during the coronavirus. The research concerned the assessment of the competencies necessary for the proper conduct of the remote academic education process. The objective of the study was also to diagnose the causes of successes and failures in the process of remote education in connection with the issue of teaching competencies of academic teachers. The text also introduces in-depth and expanded empirical research on this subject in the future, offering the reader a discussion of theoretical and practical significance. Showing the implications noticed in the research opens up new paths of remote work with students and new activities aimed at improving the teaching skills of academic teachers. Systematic conclusions and reflections may be handy for academic teachers in the following years of distance learning.
Afectación en nariz o garganta en población del área de influencia de una obra de infraestructura vial en la Comuna 14 de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Garzón-Duque María Osley , Pérez-Muñoz Marcela , Ramírez-Arboleda Paula Eliana , Osorio-Álvarez David , Ochoa-Velásquez Juliana
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: identificar condiciones sociodemográficas, ambientales, de vivienda y entorno, relacionadas con afectación en nariz o garganta de población que habitaba el área de influencia de una obra de infraestructura vial urbana. Medellín, Colombia, 2017. Metodología: estudio transversal, con fuente primaria de información. Se aplicó encuesta asistida a 170 adultos, en viviendas seleccionadas mediante muestreo tipo bola de nieve, que habitaran en un perímetro hasta de 1,5 kilómetros del centro de la obra, que aceptaran participar y firmaran el consentimiento informado. Análisis: exploratorios cualitativos y cuantitativos. Cálculo de Razones de prevalencias (RP) y estadístico Chi2 de asociación. Proyecto aprobado por el Comité Institucional de Ética en Humanos de la Universidad CES. Resultados: la prevalencia de afectación en nariz y/o garganta fue del 35,88 %. Se identificó asociación (p<0,05) entre esta afectación, tener menor edad, y ser hombre (RP=0,50. IC=0,29;0,84). También se asoció a mayor prevalencia de esta fectación, tener mala percepción de calidad del aire durante la obra, realizar de actividad física al aire libre, tener habito tabáquico y una mayor cercanía de la vivienda con la obra. Conclusiones: esta obra de infraestructura vial tuvo una repercusión negativa en la percepción de salud física de los habitantes de su área de influencia, sería necesaria la implementación de estrategias incidir positivamente en la salud pública
Cuidado de sí: una transformación en el proceso de formación del estudiante de enfermería
Authors: García-Henao María Lucelly , Giraldo-Giraldo Yaison Dorney
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: comprender el significado del cuidado de sí del estudiante de enfermería de una universidad pública durante su proceso de formación universitaria. Método: estudio fenomenológico hermenéutico. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas en profundidad a estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública de la ciudad de Medellín, durante los años 2021 y 2022. Se utilizó la narrativa, lo que permitió un mayor acercamiento a las personas como individuos sociales y la comprensión de la forma en que construyen sus realidades personales y culturales. Resultados: emergieron 4 categorías temáticas: cambios y transformaciones del estudiante, significado del cuidado de sí, aspectos que todavía no han incorporado y prácticas que sí han incorporado. Conclusiones: las narrativas de los participantes sobre lo que significan esos primeros años de encuentro con la vida universitaria y el proceso vivido a lo largo de ella, permiten entender caminos recorridos desde sus miradas y contextos, asimismo, comprender los esfuerzos y luchas a partir de sus limitaciones. Trascendiendo esta comprensión, y desde el paradigma foucaultiano, también es importante esperar, como lo han hecho algunos de ellos, que aprendan a conocer-se y reconocer-se, sus deseos, capacidades, fortalezas, recursos y limitaciones, como también aprender a sortear y transformar los diversos momentos en un continuo proceso de introspección y reflexión al hacer del cuidado de sí una actitud de vida y trascender el conocimiento que han aprendido en su formación universitaria cuando cuidan a otros.
LAMP Protocol for Entomopathogenic Serratia spp. in Insect Frass v1
Authors: P Doidge Nicholas
Published: January 2024

A protocol for the detection of insect-associated Serratia spp. in the frass of live insects, using a LAMP assay targeting the ureD gene of urease-positive species from the Serratia marcescens complex. In order to improve the DNA extraction from folivorous insects a bacterial separation and concentration protocol has been developed prior to the DNA extraction, but this part of the protocol is not required for carnivorous and omnivorous insects. To improve accuracy the LAMP assay is conducted in triplicate, and a pH-linked calorimetric assay changes from pink to yellow for positive results. This protocol is potentially suitable for field applications with minimal equipment required.
Diagnosis and treatment of vascular cognitive disorders
Authors: Zakharov V. V.
Published: January 2024

Cognitive impairment (CI) usually is the earliest and most prevalent manifestation of cerebral vascular disease. Post stroke CI may have different clinical presentation depending on location of vascular lesion, so appropriate temporal association of CI onset with the event of stroke is of most important diagnostic value. Non-stroke (subcortical) variant of cerebral vascular disease usually is associated with small vessel disease. CI in subcortical variant is characterized with attention and executive functions deficit, frequently in combination with emotional disorders, postural instability and gait disturbances of frontal origin. Presence of vascular CI means essential need of thorough vascular risk factor (arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes etc.) control. Vasotropic agents are prescribed with pathogenic purposes. The article presents clinical experience of nicergoline treatment of patients with vascular CI of different severity.
Efficacy and safety of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in the treatment of endometrial cancer: data from routine clinical practice in Russia
Authors: Rumyantsev A. A. , Protasova A. E. , Sheremet M. Yu. , Goryainova A. Yu. , Volkonskiy M. V. , Kedrova A. G. , Kuzmicheva S. V. , Aymamedova O. N. , Musaeva Kh. S. , Soroka S. M. , Romanchuk O. V. , Orlova V. N. , Graft N. G. , Ibragimova M. R. , Merzlikina Yu. I. , Stepura L. V. , Tatulova L. B. , Abasova A. A. , Akopyan A. A. , Arsenyeva E. V. , Vasilyeva Yu. V. , Belonogov A. V. , Krivolapova L. V. , Bobryshev A. A. , Vovk D. Yu. , Luev I. A. , Abidova N. R. , Zhikhorev R. S. , Zhelezkova T. A. , Grigoryan T. T. , Makarkina T. A. , Ekimov V. A. , Zhizhina A. V. , Karabina E. V. , Kuchevskaya O. A. , Filippova V. M. , Linchenko T. A. , Lisaeva A. A. , Fedorova A. N. , Maystrenko K. S. , Markizova E. V. , Kogay E. V. , Krasnorutskaya E. P. , Popova M. E. , Pchelin Yu. Yu. , Ryanzhina R. A. , Sidorov D. B. , Shakhnovich E. B. , Alekseev S. M. , Zinkevich M. V. , Belogortsev I. O. , Chubenko V. A. , Moiseenko V. M. , Abduloeva N. Kh. , Lebedinets A. A. , Strakh L. V. , Semenov L. K. , Bolieva M. B. , Aydaeva F. Z.
Published: January 2024

Aim. To assess the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab for the treatment of mismatch repair-proficient endometrial cancer (EC) in routine clinical practice in Russia.Materials and methods. This multicenter, retrospective, cohort study included patients with recurrent and metastatic EC from 37 cancer centers in Russia treated between May 2020 and April 2023. Patients with histologically verified EC without microsatellite instability who received ≥1 course of pembrolizumab/lenvatinib therapy were included in the study. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival; the clinical characteristics of the patients were additionally analyzed, the objective response rate and the toxicity profile of therapy were assessed.Results. The study included 100 patients. Median age was 65 (30–83) years. The most common histologic tumor subtype was endometrioid adenocarcinoma (68 %); serous adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 22 % of cases, other types of tumor – 10 % of cases. All patients had pMMR/microsatellite-stable tumors. The median progression-free survival was 7.75 months (95 % confidence interval 0.7–33.8), and a partial response to therapy was observed in 24 % of patients. Almost half of the patients (44 %) required dose reduction due to adverse events. The most common adverse events included fatigue (n = 26; 26 %), hypertension (n = 20; 20 %), and hypothyroidism (n = 14; 14 %).Conclusion. This study confirms the clinical efficacy of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent and metastatic EC without mismatch repair system deficiency (pMMR-tumors) in routine clinical practice.
Changes in mRNA expression of oncogenesis driver genes in atypical ductal breast hyperplasia
Authors: Burmenskaya O. V. , Kometova V. V. , Smetnik A. A. , Rodionov V. V. , Trofimov D. Yu. , Ashrafyan L. A. , Sukhikh G. T.
Published: January 2024

Background. Atypical ductal hyperplasia is a relatively common breast lesion that increases the risk of breast cancer by 3.5 to 5 times. Genomic rearrangements underlying the development of atypical proliferative lesions and breast cancer lead to gene expression changings.Aim. To determine the mRNA expression profile of neoplasia and oncogenesis driver genes in atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast.Materials and methods. The real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to explore the expression profile of 46 genes in 107 samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens from atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal hyperplasia without atypia, ductal carcinoma in situ and normal breast tissue.Results. In atypical ductal hyperplasia, we detected changes in the expression of 22 of 46 studied genes, including ESR1, AR, PRLR, FGFR4, MKI67, CCNB1, KIF14, PAK1, MMP11, GATA3, FOXA1, ZNF703, which were upregulated, and MYC, which was downregulated.Conclusion. The transcriptional signature of atypical ductal hyperplasia was similar to that of ductal carcinoma in situ and breast cancer of luminal subtypes.
Influence of Social-Emotional Learning in Early Childhood Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   , Shute Pamela , Phillips Joy C.
Published: January 2024

Education is a continually evolving profession in which students should always be the top priority. Throughout the history of the American education system, attempts have been made to prioritize the needs of students. These attempts often miss the mark in terms of student needs, and it, unfortunately, becomes more of a political cause than a way of assisting students. When the COVID-19 pandemic began in March of 2020, it caused schools across the country to close their doors leaving students with a gap in their academic learning as well as their social- emotional learning. Students were unable to develop peer relationships due to COVID-19 restrictions and were limited in their opportunities to learn from one another. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, early childhood educators have observed students who are more frustrated, stressed, and academically struggling. This has made early childhood education an increasingly difficult profession. The purpose of this research study was to explore the social-emotional strategies used by early childhood educators following the COVID-19 pandemic at one public school. The study sought to identify effective practices that support teachers and students in implementing social-emotional learning strategies. These strategies allow students to recognize their feelings, build relationships with peers, reduce negative behaviors, and create positive classroom environments. This qualitative research study utilized a bounded case study approach to discover the ways in which preschool to second grade teachers, from one school district in Southern New Jersey who identified as effectively utilizing and implementing social-emotional learning. Data were collected through two focus group interviews-one with teachers and one with administrators; through one-on-one interviews of participating teachers and administrators; through classroom observations-one to two per teacher participants; and through document and artifact collection-SEL lesson plans, differentiated modifications for SEL implementation, behavior referrals, teacher created SEL tools, and records of professional development. Data were analyzed through audio recordings, Pattern and In Vivo coding methods, as well as document and artifact collection. The findings and conclusions from the data collection process indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic created an essential need for social-emotional learning. The results of the data collection demonstrate a direct correlation between effective implementation of social-emotional learning strategies interconnected with professional development experiences to provide early childhood educators with the necessary support. It was the hope of the researcher that the information discovered in this study would provide future research opportunities as well as effective implementation strategies for the classroom.
Current Regulation Concerning the Use of Drones in the Polish Law – Assessment and De Lege Ferenda Recommendations
Authors: Stasiak Jarosław , Stańczak Weronika
Published: January 2024

The article highlights the problem of the lack of drone regulations in Polish aviation law. The authors identify areas of use of unmanned aerial vehicles and propose possible solutions to problems related to drones. They also specify particular de lege ferenda postulates in the area concerning the operation, exploitation, and use of unmanned aerial vehicles.
Patient’s Right to Health Services and Cases of Refusal of Health Services by the Doctor
Authors: Iżewska Monika
Published: January 2024

This article discusses the patient’s right to receive health services in the context of cases where a doctor refuses to provide health services. At the outset, the patient’s right to receive health services, which is a fundamental right to which every patient is entitled, was presented. This is followed by a presentation of the duty imposed on doctors to provide assistance in any sudden and unexpected situation where a delay in providing assistance could contribute to the loss of life or the occurrence of serious damage to the patient’s health. If such a situation arises, the doctor may not refuse to assist the patient. The duty of doctors to provide assistance in emergencies corresponds to the right granted to every patient to receive immediate medical treatment in a situation where health or life is at risk. However, in addition to these cases, a doctor has the right to refuse to treat a patient and to contract to provide a patient with a health service that is not in accordance with his or her conscience. For this reason, the article discusses the prerequisites for the admissibility of a doctor’s exercise of his or her rights in the context of the need to simultaneously ensure the widest possible protection of patients’ rights.
The Status of Former Partners of a Civil Partnership and a Dissolved Civil Partnership Company as Business Entities and Their Legitimacy under Public Economic Law – Selected Examples
Authors: Kita-Wałęka Katarzyna
Published: January 2024

A civil partnership company and partners of a civil partnership, as well as former partners of a civil partnership after its dissolution, may have different legal statuse in various areas of law. The law should protect the interests of persons and entities that will be affected by the outcome of the case. Under civil law, the rights of former partners of a civil partnership company can be considered as protected, but the situation is different on a ground of public economic law, using the example of tax law. Some provisions have been introduced in legal act guaranteeing former partners the right to participate in the proceedings as a party in the event that they are entitled to refunds or overpayments of VAT tax from the State Treasury. In other areas, despite the content of Article 133 in conjunction with Article 115 of the Tax Ordinance Act, as well as the content of Article 25 in conjunction with Article 26 in conjunction with Article 33 of the Law on Proceedings before Administrative Courts, the jurisprudence does not grant former partners of a civil partnership company the status of a participant with the rights of a party in the proceedings, nor does it recognize their legal interest. For example, they do not have the right to question the decision on the assessment of VAT tax on the substantive level. This means that they cannot control the tax assessment decision, even though they are liable under Article 115 of the Tax Ordinance for tax liabilities of a civil partnership company. Moreover, the provisions of tax law do not expressly provide for the legal succession of former partners in the event of dissolution of a civil partnership. Such a situation is unacceptable if it prevents and closes the appeal route and the court route to a fair and public consideration of the case for former partners of a civil company, guaranteed by the provisions of the Polish Constitution.
Division and consolidation in Russian society resulting from the Russian special military operation
Authors: Andreyev A.L. , Andreev I.A. , Slobodenyuk E.D.
Published: January 2024

The paper, written on the basis of all-Russian sociological surveys in 2021-2023, examines the attitude of Russian society to the Special Military Operation in Ukraine (SMO). On the basis of the comparison of empirical data characterising this attitude, the dynamics of the attitude towards the SMO is studied. A detailed description of socio-psychological differences in Russians’ assessment of the special military operation, its consequences, as well as the impact of the SMO on the social behaviour of Russians is given. An analysis of correlations between the relevant sociological indicators allows the authors to create a social typology of these differences and to explain their emergence in the context of value orientations, world outlook, personal life successes, trust in authorities of different levels and emotional dominance in the perception of Russian reality. A sociological characterisation of Russians’ involvement in various forms of support for the participants of SMO and their families, in particular, in the development of the volunteer movement, is given. The article pays special attention to analysing the connection between the variety of views on Russia’s development paths and the differences in the assessments of its policy and its actions in Ukraine. Based on empirical research, the authors show that the implementation of the SMO has influenced the balance of opinion on Russia’s development model in the direction of an increase in the share of its citizens who believe that Russia is a separate civilisation and should not live according to the rules set by the West. The ongoing dispute between the adherents of the country’s original way of development and their Westernoriented opponents has to a greater or lesser extent affected the assessment of various aspects of the SMO and its consequences. However, the line of demarcation between these historical traditions does not overlap with the line of demarcation of positions on the SMO, which has not led to a frontal split in Russian society.
On the Red Squill Powder (Drimia maritima) As a Botanical Rodenticide; a Preliminary Study on Wild Rattus norvegicus in Ankara Province
Authors: Yiğit Nuri , Barlas Emre , Esin Şükrü , Bosma Luwieke , Çetintürk Derya
Published: January 2024

Rodents constitute an essential place among pest-vector animals; they also have the potential to cause economic losses and health problems. The Red squill plant, which contains scilliroside, especially in its bulbs, has been known as a rodenticide since the early 20th century. However, little research reveals the Red squill’s potential as a rodenticide. For this purpose, we produced the baits, including different amounts of red squill powder with peanut butter, and we applied them on Rattus norvegicus in the field in Ankara province and in laboratory conditions. In field studies, it was determined that there was no feed avoidance behavior against the bait containing 25 % or below Red squill powder corresponding to 400 mg kg. In laboratory trials, it was found that if Red squill is not covered with suitable material, such as paraffin wax, it deteriorates rapidly and loses its effectiveness due to contact with air. The food contains between 15 – 25 % dried Red squill powder, corresponding to 400 mg/kg, which was found to cause 50 % and more mortality percentages, and it is suitable to apply as a rodenticide.
Determination of metabolic profiling by LC-MS/MS, evaluation of antioxidant activities, and enzyme inhibition effects of Helichrysum plicatum subsp. pseudopliacatum
Authors: Güven Leyla , Gülçin İlhami
Published: January 2024

Helichrysum species are traditionally used to treat many diseases. In this study, the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition abilities of methanol (MEHP) and water extracts (WEHP) from Helichrysum plicatum subsp. Pseudopliacatum was evaluated. Also, the phenolic compounds will be assessed and the quantities of total phenols and flavonoids will be calculated. For evaluation of antioxidant activity of both extracts was assessed using DPPH, ABTS and DMPD radical scavenging, FRAP, CUPRAC, and Fe3+ reduction methods were used. The inhibition effects of extracts were spectrophotometrically evaluated on the α-glucosidase (α-Gly), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) enzymes. These inhibition effects were compared to the standard inhibitors The qualitative and quantitative phenolic components in extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), employing both methods. The IC50 value, which is the inhibitor concentration that causes 50% inhibition of MEHP and WEHP, is found as 2.39 and 2.97 μg mL-1 for α-gly, 2.48 and 3.59 μg mL-1 for AChE and 11.95 and 25.67 μg mL-1for CA II. The quantity of phenols in MEHP and WEHP were 46.00 and 33.50 μg GAE mg-1 extract, 62.13 and 103.93 μg QE mg-1 extract flavonoids, respectively. IC50 values of MEHP and WEHP were calculated as 40.77 and 49.51 μg mL-1 for DPPH radical scavenging, 10.50 and 17.77 μg mL-1 ABTS radical scavenging and 99.02 and 77.01 μg mL-1 DMPD radical scavenging. The absorbance values of reducing abilities of MEHP and WEHP were found as 0.555 and 0.495 Fe3+ reducing ability, 0.577 and 0.286 for FRAP reducing ability and 0.402 and 0.315 for Cu2+ reducing ability. As a result of the LC-MS/MS analysis, the levels of phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and quinic acid were found to be high in MEHP and WEHP. In this study, it was observed that MEHP and WEHP have strong antioxidant properties and effectively inhibited the enzymes activities. The findings clearly reveal the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition potential of Helichrysum species, which have been used in traditional medicine for a long time. Helichrysum plicatum extracts used in this study show that they are very effective against diabetes, glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease, which are global and common diseases.
Nephrolepis exaltata Herbal-mask Better than Regular Cloth-mask in Decreasing Nasal Mucociliary Transport-Time of Textile Industry Workers
Authors: Nurhayadi Tommy , Prasetyo Awal , Miranti Ika Pawitra
Published: January 2024

Background
Herbal masks are made from lamination-spraying of Nephrolepis exaltata (NE) extract on regular medical masks, which may absorb Volatile Organic compounds (VOC) in the occupational exposure of the textile industry'sindustry's dyeing area. Therefore, clinically, the effect on nasal mucociliary transport time (TMSH) needed to be tested and compared with ordinary cloth-mask teens used by textile industry workers as their daily personal protective equipment.
Methods
Pre- and post-test randomized control trials on 30 textile-dyeing areas of textile industry workers in Bawean Indonesia, divided into two groups; 1) users of NE herbal masks (N=17) as the treatment group and 2) regular cloth mask users (N=13) as control-group, for eight weeks. First, the TMSH time (seconds) was carried out before and after treatment using the saccharin test by an ENT specialist, followed by a different test on delta.
Results
The TMSH-time of NE herbal mask users before vs after treatment was 1169.60 ± 644.55 seconds vs 1075.75 ± 677.36 (p = 0.102). On subjects wearing regular cloth masks was 1113.75 ± 479.43 vs 1187.40 ± 544.96 (p = 0.003). The mean delta'sdelta's difference before and after treatment was 25.5 seconds, with a significant difference in mean delta TMSH-time between the treatment and control groups (p = 0.048).
Conclusions
Textile-industry workers who wear NE herbal masks have better TMSH times than regular cloth mask wearer