bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Whale Tabu algorithm optimized convolutional neural network architecture for intrusion detection in big data
Authors: Ponmalar A. , Dhanakoti V.
Published: May 2022

The rate of internet traffic in the digital world has expanded fast due to technological improvement. Because of the large number of internet users, there is a large volume of network traffic, and it is the most common and challenging task to evaluate, process, and store the data. The intrusion detection systems enhance the performance of early attacks prediction and malicious attack detection. The exiting techniques met a few challenges in terms of feature selection, computational cost, accuracy, higher dimensionality, computational time and so forth. To solve these issues, we proposed a novel deep learning model for intrusion detection in big data. The data was collected from NSL‐KDD, KDD‐Cup99, and UNSW‐NB15 datasets. Initially, the big data framework with a testbed is set up for big data analytics and processing in which the required information from a large volume is extracted. The datasets are stored in the Hadoop Distributed File System, which reduces the number of latencies in the distributed process. Finally, the intrusion detection from big data is performed using convolutional neural network‐based Hybrid Whale Tabu Optimization algorithm and it effectively classifies whether the data is intrusion is non‐intrusion. The proposed method provided appropriate and superior experimental results using the state‐of‐art method with various performance measures such as accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient, balanced accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision, and F‐measures.
SPICE synthesis of a solar cell model with irradiance and temperature evaluation
Authors: Zenteno‐Franco Samuel , Gonzalez‐Diaz Victor R. , Ambrosio‐Lazaro Roberto C. , Guerrero‐Castellanos J. Fermi , Mino‐Aguilar Gerardo
Published: May 2022

This manuscript resumes the synthesis of a reliable electrical solar cell model in LTspice. The model improves correspondence with the physical I‐V and P‐V behavior, evaluating the temperature and irradiance dependence with simple approximations. A few electrical parameters into script lines synthesize the nonlinear branch relationship of a voltage‐controlled current source. The LTspice model includes new factors to improve the irradiance and temperature variation evaluation, which is uniform among solar cells.The results exhibit an average error of less than seven percent in an open‐source SPICE solution, similar to cumbersome computational efforts. The SPICE model enables the design of photovoltaic systems taking into account the temperature and irradiance factors with electrical components.
Heterogeneity and genomic loci of ubiquitous transgenic Cre reporter lines in zebrafish
Authors: Lalonde Robert L. , Kemmler Cassie L. , Riemslagh Fréderike W. , Aman Andrew J. , Kresoja‐Rakic Jelena , Moran Hannah R. , Nieuwenhuize Susan , Parichy David M. , Burger Alexa , Mosimann Christian
Published: May 2022

Background

The most‐common strategy for zebrafish Cre/lox‐mediated lineage labeling experiments combines ubiquitously expressed, lox‐based Switch reporter transgenes with tissue‐specific Cre or 4‐OH‐Tamoxifen‐inducible CreERT2 driver lines. Although numerous Cre driver lines have been produced, only a few broadly expressed Switch reporters exist in zebrafish and their generation by random transgene integration has been challenging due to position‐effect sensitivity of the lox‐flanked recombination cassettes. Here, we compare commonly used Switch reporter lines for their recombination efficiency and reporter expression pattern during zebrafish development.

Results

Using different experimental setups, we show that ubi:Switch and hsp70l:Switch outperform current generations of the two additional Switch reporters actb2:BFP‐DsRed and actb2:Stop‐DsRed. Our comparisons also document preferential Cre‐dependent recombination of ubi:Switch and hsp70l:Switch in distinct zebrafish tissues at early developmental stages. To investigate what genomic features may influence Cre accessibility and lox recombination efficiency in highly functional Switch lines, we mapped these transgenes and charted chromatin dynamics at their integration sites.

Conclusions

Our data documents the heterogeneity among lox‐based Switch transgenes toward informing suitable transgene selection for lineage labeling experiments. Our work further proposes that ubi:Switch and hsp70l:Switch define genomic integration sites suitable for universal transgene or switch reporter knock‐in in zebrafish.
Pelagic calcifiers face increased mortality and habitat loss with warming and ocean acidification
Authors: Bednaršek Nina , Carter Brendan R. , McCabe Ryan M. , Feely Richard A. , Howard Evan , Chavez Francisco P. , Elliott Meredith , Fisher Jennifer L. , Jahncke Jaime , Siegrist Zach
Published: May 2022

Global change is impacting the oceans in an unprecedented way, and multiple lines of evidence suggest that species distributions are changing in space and time. There is increasing evidence that multiple environmental stressors act together to constrain species habitat more than expected from warming alone. Here, we conducted a comprehensive study of how temperature and aragonite saturation state act together to limit Limacina helicina, globally distributed pteropods that are ecologically important pelagic calcifiers and an indicator species for ocean change. We co‐validated three different approaches to evaluate the impact of ocean warming and acidification (OWA) on the survival and distribution of this species in the California Current Ecosystem. First, we used colocated physical, chemical, and biological data from three large‐scale west coast cruises and regional time series; second, we conducted multifactorial experimental incubations to evaluate how OWA impacts pteropod survival; and third, we validated the relationships we found against global distributions of pteropods and carbonate chemistry. OWA experimental work revealed mortality increases under OWA, while regional habitat suitability indices and global distributions of L. helicina suggest that a multi‐stressor framework is essential for understanding pteropod distributions. In California Current Ecosystem habitats, where pteropods are living close to their thermal maximum already, additional warming and acidification through unabated fossil fuel emissions (RCP 8.5) are expected to dramatically reduce habitat suitability.
Species traits explain public perceptions of human–bird interactions
Authors: Andrade Riley , Larson Kelli L. , Franklin Janet , Lerman Susannah B. , Bateman Heather L. , Warren Paige S.
Published: May 2022

The impacts of urbanization on bird biodiversity depend on human–environment interactions that drive land management. Although a commonly studied group, less attention has been given to public perceptions of birds close to home, which can capture people's direct, everyday experiences with urban biodiversity. Here, we used ecological and social survey data collected in the metropolitan region of Phoenix, Arizona, USA, to determine how species traits are related to people's perceptions of local bird communities. We used a trait‐based approach to classify birds by attributes that may influence human–bird interactions, including color, size, foraging strata, diet, song, and cultural niche space based on popularity and geographic specificity. Our classification scheme using hierarchical clustering identified four trait categories, labeled as Metropolitan (gray, loud, seedeaters foraging low to ground), Familiar (yellow/brown generalist species commonly present in suburban areas), Distinctive (species with distinguishing appearance and song), and Hummingbird (hummingbird species, small and colorful). Strongly held beliefs about positive or negative traits were also more consistent than ambivalent ones. The belief that birds were colorful and unique to the regional desert environment was particularly important in fortifying perceptions. People largely perceived hummingbird species and birds with distinctive traits positively. Similarly, urban‐dwelling birds from the metropolitan trait group were related to negative perceptions, probably due to human–wildlife conflict. Differences arose across sociodemographics (including income, age, education, and Hispanic/Latinx identity), but explained a relatively low amount of variation in perceptions compared with the bird traits present in the neighborhood. Our results highlight how distinctive aesthetics, especially color and song, as well as traits related to foraging and diet drive perceptions. Increasing people's direct experiences with iconic species tied to the region and species with distinguishing attributes has the potential to improve public perceptions and strengthen support for broader conservation initiatives in and beyond urban ecosystems.
Expanding the temporal and spatial scales of environmental DNA research with autonomous sampling
Authors: Truelove Nathan K. , Patin Nastassia V. , Min Markus , Pitz Kathleen J. , Preston Chris M. , Yamahara Kevan M. , Zhang Yanwu , Raanan Ben Y. , Kieft Brian , Hobson Brett , Thompson Luke R. , Goodwin Kelly D. , Chavez Francisco P.
Published: May 2022

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging and powerful method for use in marine research, conservation, and management, yet time‐ and resource‐intensive protocols limit the scale of implementation. Long‐range autonomous underwater vehicles equipped with autonomous environmental sample processors (LRAUV‐ESPs) provide a new means for scaling up marine eDNA sample collection and processing. Here, we used eDNA metabarcoding of four marker genes (mitochondrial 12S rRNA, bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA, nuclear 18S rRNA, and mitochondrial COI), which encompass the diversity of marine species from microbes to vertebrates, to demonstrate the efficacy of an LRAUV‐ESP in sampling eDNA and assessing community structure in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The sequencing results from samples that were autonomously collected were comparable with those collected from a ship at similar locations, times, and depths, supporting previous results that found no significant differences using targeted qPCR. This study demonstrates the potential of equipping autonomous underwater vehicles with ESPs to greatly expand the scale of eDNA sample collection and processing and provide much needed information regarding the changing spatial and temporal patterns of marine biodiversity, especially in many data‐poor regions of the world's oceans.
Exploring enablers and obstacles to policy‐oriented learning in Swedish marine national park planning
Authors: Morf Andrea , Sandström Annica , Söderström Sara
Published: May 2022

This article deepens our understanding of the preconditions for policy‐oriented learning in conflictive marine conservation, provides an analytical framework for further studies and formulates recommendations for practitioners on what to consider when establishing protected areas. Our seas are under increasing pressure but lag behind in protection. Climate change, intensifying use and biodiversity loss challenge current practises and imply trade‐offs between conservation and use. While nature conservation ranks high internationally, national protection attempts often result in controversies, with actors aligning in opposing advocacy coalitions—for and against the proposals. Policy‐oriented learning is one way to overcome controversies. It involves processes whereby actors gain new knowledge and experiences, leading to changed beliefs about the problems and possible solutions. We aimed to explore and explain policy‐oriented learning through a comparative longitudinal case study of two Swedish national park planning processes with different outcomes: Koster Sea national park, established 2009, and Sankt Anna archipelago remaining without park. Which characteristics related to context, actors and processes influence policy‐oriented learning in conflictive marine conservation processes? The results suggest that a set of complementary factors explain the different outcomes. First, learning is facilitated by contexts where actors from both coalitions depend on the resource and its protection and have experience of collaboration, and where conservation planning is well integrated with other governance processes. Second, engaged key actors with moderate views facilitating interactions and able to identify common interests and deescalate conflicts are important — supported, third, by various forums allowing exchange of knowledge and learning across coalitions.
Occurrence of Microplastics in Borehole Drinking Water and Sediments in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Oni Babalola Aisosa , Sanni Samuel Eshorame
Published: May 2022

We investigated the occurrence of microplastics in samples of borehole drinking water and sediments obtained from borehole sites in Lagos Island, Nigeria. The samples were digested with hydrogen peroxide, pretreated, and filtered through a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. The filtered microplastics were examined/analyzed under an attenuated total reflection Fourier-transformed infrared device, to quantify the microplastics. The results showed the presence of microplastics in drinking water and sediments from the sites, with plastic concentrations ranging from 206 to 1691 items m−3 and 9–47 items kg−1 for drinking water and sediments, respectively; polypropylene was the most common and was approximately 61.9% for borehole drinking water. In terms of shape distribution, plastic fragments were the highest, at 73.02%. The detected microplastics had a size range of 0.02–0.5 mm. In addition, sites with a lower percentage of microplastics had lower population densities and lower industrial activity, whereas areas of high industrial activity had high amounts of microplastics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1721–1731. © 2022 SETAC
The fault activity, tectonic subsidence history, and geodynamics of syn‐depositional faults during the Palaeogene in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Xia Shiqiang , Lin Changsong , Li Xin , Du Xiaofeng , Li Hong
Published: May 2022

The fault activity, tectonic subsidence history, and geodynamics are analysed based on borehole information and seismic datasets from Liaodong Bay. The results reveal that the faults are intensely active (resulting in the faults that are characterized by more lengths and more throws) both in the northern and southern portions of the study area, while the faults are not active in the central portion of the study area during Kongdian Formation and Shahejie Formation deposition. However, the faults are generally more active in the northern portion of the study area than that in the southern portion of the study area. In contrast, the faults are intensely active in central and southern portion of the study area during Dongying Formation deposition. The numerous syn‐depositional faults, which are intensely active, result in southward movement of depositional centre. The tectonic subsidence history of wells (including well JZ‐A, well JZ‐B, well JZ‐C, well JZ‐D, well JX‐A, and well SZ‐A) in Liaodong Bay indicates that it shows obvious episodic tectonic evolution during the Palaeogene in Liaodong Bay. The episodic tectonic movement (initial rifting, rifting climax, thermal subsiding, and strike‐slip rifting) corresponds to Kongdian Formation and Shahejie Formation deposition, and Dongying Formation deposition, respectively. The spatio‐temporal variation of tectonic subsidence history is closely related to fault activity. The analysis results of balanced cross‐sections show that faults are intensely active during Dongying Formation deposition. However, a few faults are much active than that during Shahejie Formation deposition. There is a slight decrease in tectonic activity intensity during Kongdian Formation and Shahejie Formation deposition. In contrast, there is a significant decrease in tectonic activity intensity during third‐member to first‐member of Dongying Formation deposition. The tectonic activity intensity tends to cease by the end of Dongying Formation.
Favorable impact of long‐term SGLT2 inhibitor for NAFLD complicated by diabetes mellitus: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Akuta Norio , Kawamura Yusuke , Fujiyama Shunichiro , Saito Satoshi , Muraishi Nozomu , Sezaki Hitomi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Masahiro , Kobayashi Mariko , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Kumada Hiromitsu
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the impact at 5 years of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on liver histopathology and clinical features. In this retrospective study, the histological impacts at 5 years after the start of SGLT2i in NAFLD with T2DM were investigated. Six patients with NAFLD and T2DM were treated for the long term with canagliflozin of SGLT2i, and liver biopsies were obtained at the points of the pretreatment, 24 weeks, 3 years, and 5 years after the start of treatment. The primary outcome was liver histopathological changes at 5 years (defined as decrease in NAFLD activity score of one point or more without worsening in fibrosis stage, compared with the pretreatment). The additional treatment of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) was performed in 2 patients after the point of 3 years, and evaluated as histological worsening. As the primary outcome, histological improvement, no change, and worsening were 50%, 17%, and 33% at 5 years, respectively. Overall, the scores of steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis stage decreased at 5 years in 67%, 33%, 0%, and 33%, respectively. As the secondary outcomes, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and serum ferritin decreased significantly at 5 years. None developed 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular events. Two patients with the addition of GLP‐1RA on SGLT2i did not show the worsening of steatosis, ballooning, and fibrosis stage at 5 years compared with 3 years. Conclusion: A 5‐year follow‐up study with SGLT2i indicated the favorable histological impact on NAFLD with T2DM.
Dynamism and realignment in the HR architecture: Online labor platform ecosystems and the key role of contractors
Authors: Keegan Anne , Meijerink Jeroen
Published: May 2022

Given the widespread contribution of independent contractors to organizational innovation and competitive advantage, it is timely to reassess assumptions about the HRM practices appropriate to their management and the rationale for organizations to work with them. In the original and highly influential HR architecture model of Lepak and Snell (1999), contractor status is viewed as an outcome of the low value and/or low uniqueness of human capital resulting in the proposition to externalize and manage them using either none or minimal compliance‐based HRM practices. Developments in digital technologies and algorithmic management epitomized by online labor platforms prompt us to reconsider these assumptions and to challenge the proposed links between value/uniqueness of human capital, employment mode and HRM practices that are assumed by the HR architecture model. Using insights from online labor platforms, we argue that the significant benefits to firms of working with contractors, coupled with the possibilities offered by algorithmic management to efficiently monitor and regulate their behavior, provide a compelling reason for organizations to choose external employment modes even when workers are key to value creation. We challenge the alignment and stability of the relationships proposed by the HR architecture model, and offer propositions to extend the model by reconsidering the rationale for, and nature of, HRM practices associated with contractors. This reassessment is both timely and relevant given the growing prominence of business models where externalizing workers is central alongside the development of new forms of algorithmic human resource management to control them.
Exergetic and techno‐economic analysis of Moroccan horehound leaves (Marrubium vulgare L.) in forced convection solar and microwave drying
Authors: Bahammou Younes , Lamsyehe Hamza , Tagnamas Zakaria , Kouhila Mounir , Lamharrar Abdelkader , Idlimam Ali , Naji Abdenouri
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to analyze solar and microwave drying of Horehound leaves (Marrubium vulgare) from an exergetic point of view. Solar drying tests in forced convection were performed at airflow rates (150 and 300 m3/h) and air‐drying temperatures (60°C, 70°C, and 80°C), where the microwave tests were performed in microwave powers ranging from 50 to 450 kW. Four performance parameters were investigated: exergy of evaporation, exergy loss, and exergy efficiency, sustainability index, and the improvement potential rate of the drying chamber and drying process. The results show that the exergy efficiency increases with the increase of aerothermal conditions. Exegetic performances essentially depend on the drying air temperatures and the airflow rates. The exergy efficiency of the drying process is higher than that of the drying chamber. The drying characteristics of Horehound leaves treated under microwave irradiation is a crucial process to predict its moisture content design so as to optimize the drying process. The exergetic analysis presented in this manuscript shows an improvement in the sustainability index of the drying processes and the reducing losses due to the irreversibility of large‐scale production of dry plants by using solar dryer systems. The techno‐economic analysis performed on the solar dryer including the calculation of the cost of production of 1 kg of dried product shows the economic profitability of drying this kind of product using the convective solar dryer.
Numerical analysis of hydromagnetic mixed convective flow in an internally heated vertical porous layer using thermal nonequilibrium model
Authors: Rani Hari P. , Leela V. , B Shilpa , Nagabhushana Pulla
Published: May 2022

The inertial and viscous effects on mixed hydromagnetic convection in a vertical porous channel using a local thermal nonequilibrium model with uniformly distributed internal sources are analyzed. The flow in the porous medium is described by the Brinkman–Forchheimer extension of Darcy's momentum equation. The vertical rigid boundaries are maintained at constant but different temperatures and a uniform magnetic field is applied across the porous layer. The governing equations are solved numerically by the finite element method and analytically by the perturbation method. The influence of governing parameters on the flow variables and heat transfer is discussed. An extensive study designates that an increase in the Darcy number enhances the velocity distribution due to increased permeability of the medium while the opposite trend is observed with increasing Hartmann number due to the increased retarding nature of Lorentz force. The presence of an external heat source has a notable impact on the temperature gradient of the fluid, which results in an increase in temperature distribution and thermal state of the fluid. A quantitative increase in heat transfer coefficient results in an increase of fluid temperature toward the electrically nonconducting wall, and as the fluid moves toward the electrically conducting wall the fluid temperature decreases. The results indicate that the Nusselt number declines with an increase in the solid internal heat generation parameter.
Convective heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamic TiO2–CuO/ethylene glycol hybrid nanofluid flow toward stagnation point on a radially stretching disk with thermal radiation
Authors: Chaudhary Santosh , Chouhan Kiran Kunwar
Published: May 2022

A prime concern of this analysis is to investigate a steady, two‐dimensional, axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow of TiO2–CuO/ethylene glycol (TiO2–CuO/EG) hybrid nanofluid through a radially stretched disk. Effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating along convective boundary conditions have been taken into consideration. Suitable similarity conversions have been employed to simplify the set of flow controlling partial differential equations of the arising model. Subsequently, the finite element method has been utilized for computational results of the obtained set of ordinary differential equations with associated boundary conditions. The influence of various pertinent parameters, stretching parameter, solid volume fraction, magnetic parameter, Biot number, radiation parameter, and Brinkman number on dimensionless velocity and temperature have been displayed graphically. Subsequently, the responses of hybrid nanofluid (TiO2–CuO/EG) and regular nanofluid (CuO/EG) for these parameters have been compared pairwise, and it has been observed that nanoparticles in ethylene glycol are both controlling the temperature and improving the fluid velocity. Moreover, variations in local skin friction and local Nusselt number for certain values of embedded parameters have been illustrated in tabulated form. It is comprehended that augmented solid volume fraction, magnetic parameter, local Biot number, radiation parameter, and Brinkman number have improved the temperature profile. The velocity profile has been enhanced for the stretching parameter, while the reverse trend has occurred in the case of solid volume fraction and magnetic parameter. The outcomes of this study may be applicable in solar thermal systems.
Chemical reaction with aligned magnetic field effects on unsteady MHD Kuvshinski fluid flow past an inclined porous plate in the presence of radiation and Soret effects
Authors: Mohana Ramana R. , Venkateswara Raju K. , Raghunath K.
Published: May 2022

The present paper studies the effect of a chemical reaction and aligned magnetic field on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic free convection Kuvshinski fluid flow past an inclined plate through a porous medium in the presence of Soret and radiation. The plate is assumed to be embedded in a uniform porous medium and moves with a constant velocity in the flow direction in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The systems of nondimensional governing linear partial differential equations are solved analytically by using the perturbation technique. The influences of various nondimensional parameters on the velocity, the temperature, and the concentration are discussed, as also the effects of various parameters on the skin‐friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer in the form of Nusselt number and rate of mass transfer in the form of Sherwood number at the surface. Velocity distribution is observed to increase with an increase in viscoelastic parameter and Soret parameter, whereas it shows reverse effects in the case of the aligned magnetic field, inclined parameter, magnetic parameter, the temperature diminishes with the increase of radiation parameter and heat absorption parameter.
Open developmental science: An overview and annotated reading list
Authors: Kalandadze Tamara , Hart Sara A.
Published: May 2022

The increasing adoption of open science practices in the last decade has been changing the scientific landscape across fields. However, developmental science has been argued to be relatively slow in adopting open science practices. One of the barriers to applying open science practices might be a lack of knowing ‘how to start’ among developmental researchers. To address this issue, we followed the format of Crüwell et al. (2019) and created summaries and an annotated list of informative and actionable resources discussing ten topics in developmental science: Open science practices; Issues with reproducibility and replication; Open data, materials and code; Open access; Preregistration; Registered reports; Replication; Incentives; Collaborative developmental science. This article offers researchers in developmental science a starting point for understanding how open science intersects with developmental science. After getting familiarized with this article, developmental scientists should understand the core tenets of open and reproducible developmental science, and feel motivated to start applying open science practices in their workflow.
An induced pluripotent stem cell t(7;12)(q36;p13) acute myeloid leukemia model shows high expression of MNX1 and a block in differentiation of the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages
Authors: Nilsson Tina , Waraky Ahmed , Östlund Anders , Li Susann , Staffas Anna , Asp Julia , Fogelstrand Linda , Abrahamsson Jonas , Palmqvist Lars
Published: May 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results from aberrant hematopoietic processes and these changes are frequently initiated by chromosomal translocations. One particular subtype, AML with translocation t(7;12)(q36;p13), is found in children diagnosed before 2 years of age. The mechanisms for leukemogenesis induced by t(7;12) is not understood, in part because of the lack of efficient methods to reconstruct the leukemia‐associated genetic aberration with correct genomic architecture and regulatory elements. We therefore created induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines that carry the translocation t(7;12) using CRISPR/Cas9. These t(7;12) iPSC showed propensity to differentiate into all three germ layers, confirming retained stem cell properties. The potential for differentiation into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) was shown by expression of CD34, CD43 and CD45. Compared with the parental iPSC line, a significant decrease in cells expressing CD235a and CD41a was seen in the t(7;12) iPSC‐derived HSPC (iHSPC), suggesting a block in differentiation. Moreover, colony formation assay showed an accumulation of cells at the erythroid and myeloid progenitor stages. Gene expression analysis revealed significant down‐regulation of genes associated with megakaryocyte differentiation and up‐regulation of genes associated with myeloid pathways but also genes typically seen in AML cases with t(7;12). Thus, this iPSC t(7;12) leukemia model of the t(7;12) AML subtype constitutes a valuable tool for further studies of the mechanisms for leukemia development and to find new treatment options.
NCA‐based hybrid convolutional neural network model for classification of cervical cancer on gauss‐enhanced pap‐smear images
Authors: Bingol Harun
Published: May 2022

Cervical cancer is a very serious disease that deeply affects women's lives, often resulting in death. This type of cancer, which is very common in women, is diagnosed at an early stage and is of vital importance for the success of the treatment. Pap‐smear tests are used by physicians as the primary diagnostic tool to diagnose the disease. In this study, a hybrid deep model is proposed to classify pap‐smear images to detect cervical cancer. In addition, the Gaussian method was applied to improve the images in the original dataset. Feature maps were taken from both the original dataset and the Gaussian‐enhanced dataset in the built hybrid architecture, which used Darknet53 and Mobilenetv2 models as the base. After these obtained feature maps were combined, useless features were extracted and the number of features was reduced by using the Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) dimension reduction method. Finally, this optimized feature map was classified into different classifiers. As a result of the experimental studies, it was determined that the proposed hybrid model performed better when compared to other studies in the literature and the accuracy rate was 98.90% in the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier.
Acceptable surface limits (ASLs) of skin sensitizers derived from the local lymph node assay (LLNA): BrdU‐ELISA EC1.6 values and their relationships to known sensitization potency information
Authors: Fukushima Asako , Hayashi Tae , Takeyoshi Masahiro
Published: May 2022

Skin sensitization is an extremely important risk factor for occupational health and safety, and it would be desirable to set health‐based exposure limits (HBELs) for the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) based on the skin sensitizing potencies of chemical. We attempted to set acceptable surface limits (ASLs) as HBELs for skin sensitizers in the workplace based on the local lymph node assay (LLNA): BrdU‐ELISA EC1.6 values. To calculate the ASLs, a safety assessment factor (SAF)interspecies value of 6, based on the EC1.6 values/human repeat insult patch test (HRIPT) NOEL ratios, a SAFinterindividual value of 10, and a SAFfrequency/duration value of 3 were applied, referring to previous literatures on SAFs for skin sensitization QRA, and the composite SAF was calculated as 180. The ASLs (mg/100 cm2) derived thus for 33 chemicals ranged from 0.001 to 10.417. Comparison of the ranges with known human sensitization potency classes and GHS subcategories revealed that use of GHS Category 1A chemicals needs to be controlled to ensure surface residue levels of less than 1 mg/100 cm2. To minimize sensitization risks, a quantitative sensitization risk assessment method for chemicals and appropriate risk management are necessary. This report provides a potentially useful ASL‐based method of managing sensitization risk derived from LLNA: BrdU‐ELISA EC1.6 values, comparison of the ASLs and known human sensitization potency data showed that GHS subcategorization results would be a primary information notifying ASL ranges to be required for minimizing the sensitization risk.
Bioactive potential of Bio‐C Pulpo is evidenced by presence of birefringent calcite and osteocalcin immunoexpression in the rat subcutaneous tissue
Authors: Queiroz Marcela Borsatto , Inada Rafaela Nanami Handa , Lopes Camila Soares , Guerreiro‐Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Sasso‐Cerri Estela , Tanomaru‐Filho Mário , Cerri Paulo Sérgio
Published: May 2022

As the biocompatibility and bioactive potential of repair materials are desired characteristics in dentistry, the tissue response of Bio‐C Pulpo, a bioceramic material launched on the marked by Angelus (Brazil), was compared with Biodentine (Septodont, France) and White MTA (WMTA; Angelus, Brazil). In 32 rats, 148 polyethylene tubes filled with Bio‐C Pulpo, Biodentine or WMTA, and empty (CG, control group) were implanted into subcutaneous tissues for 7, 15, 30, and 60 days. The capsule thickness, numerical density of inflammatory cells (IC) and fibroblasts (Fb), amount of collagen, immunohistochemistry detection of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and osteocalcin (OCN), von Kossa and analysis under polarized light were performed. Data were subjected to two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). At 7 and 15 days, the capsules around Bio‐C Pulpo were thicker than in WMTA while, at 30 and 60 days, significant differences were not observed among the groups. Although at 7, 15, and 30 days, a greater number of IL‐6‐immunostained cells was found in Bio‐C Pulpo and Biodentine than in WMTA, no significant difference was detected among the groups at 60 days. In all groups, the number of Fb and collagen content increased significantly over time. The capsules around materials exhibited von Kossa‐positive and birefringent structures, and OCN‐immunostained cells whereas, in the CG, these structures were not observed. Bio‐C Pulpo, similarly to Biodentine and WMTA, is biocompatible, allows the connective tissue repair and presents bioactive potential in connective tissue of rats.
Quantum chemical rovibrational analysis of aminoborane and its isotopologues
Authors: Schneider Moritz , Rauhut Guntram
Published: May 2022

Aminoborane, H2NBH2 and its isotopologues, H2N10BH2, D2NBD2, and D2N10BD2, have been studied by high‐level ab initio methods. All calculations rely on multidimensional potential energy surfaces and dipole moment surfaces including high‐order mode coupling terms, which have been obtained from electronic structure calculations at the level of explicitly correlated coupled‐cluster theory, CCSD(T)‐F12, or the distinguishable cluster approximation, DCSD. Subsequent vibrational structure calculations based on second‐order vibrational perturbation theory, VPT2, and vibrational configuration interaction theory, VCI, were used to determine rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, vibrationally averaged geometrical parameters and (an)harmonic vibrational frequencies. The impact of core‐correlation effects is discussed in detail. Rovibrational VCI calculations were used to simulate the gas phase spectra of these species and an in‐depth analysis of the ν7 band of aminoborane is provided. Color‐coding is used to reveal the identity of the individual progressions of the rovibrational transitions for this particular mode.
The preventive effects of different doses of atorvastatin on contrast‐induced acute kidney injury after CT perfusion
Authors: Yan Shi‐Xin , Gao Man , Yang Tian‐Hao , Tian Chao , Jin Song
Published: May 2022

Background

Contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) is a severe complication among patients receiving intravascular contrast media. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of pretreatment of atorvastatin at intensive doses on CI‐AKI after computed tomography (CT) perfusion.

Methods

The levels of serum creatinine (SCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Cystatin C (CysC), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in patients were compared between the observation group receiving 40 mg/kg atorvastatin and the control group receiving 20 mg/kg atorvastatin before and 72 h after CT examination. In addition, the incidence of CI‐AKI was recorded.

Results

Compared with the control group, the incidence of renal injury in the observation group was significantly reduced, from 8% to 2% (χ2 = 6.62, p = 0.010). In addition, there was no notable difference in the levels of Scr, BUN, CysC, hs‐CRP, and IL‐6 before CT examination between two groups (p > 0.05). The levels of SCR, BUN, CysC, hs‐CRP, and IL‐6 were increased, while the levels of eGFR were decreased in the control group at 72 h after CT examination (p < 0.05). At 72 h after CT enhancement, the levels of BUN, CysC, and hs‐CRP were prominently increased in the observation group (p < 0.05), while SCR, eGFR, and IL‐6 did not change (p > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of SCR, BUN, CysC, eGFR, hs‐CRP, and IL‐6 in the observation group were significantly decreased at 72 h after CT examination (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Intensive dose of atorvastatin pretreatment can prevent CI‐AKI undergoing CT perfusion through lowering inflammation as well as renal function indexes SCR, CysC, BUN, and eGFR.
Maternal vitamin D deficiency affects the morphology and function of glycolytic muscle in adult offspring rats
Authors: Reis Natany G. , Assis Ana P. , Lautherbach Natália , Gonçalves Dawit A. , Silveira Wilian A. , Morgan Henrique J.N. , Valentim Rafael R. , Almeida Lucas F. , Heck Lilian C. , Zanon Neusa M. , Koike Tatiana E. , Santos Audrei R. , Miyabara Elen H. , Kettelhut Isis C. , Navegantes Luiz C.
Published: May 2022

Background

Fetal stage is a critical developmental window for the skeletal muscle, but little information is available about the impact of maternal vitamin D (Vit. D) deficiency (VDD) on offspring lean mass development in the adult life of male and female animals.

Methods

Female rats (Wistar Hannover) were fed either a control (1000 IU Vit. D3/kg) or a VDD diet (0 IU Vit. D3/kg) for 6 weeks and during gestation and lactation. At weaning, male and female offspring were randomly separated and received a standard diet up to 180 days old.

Results

Vitamin D deficiency induced muscle atrophy in the male (M‐VDD) offspring at the end of weaning, an effect that was reverted along the time. Following 180 days, fast‐twitch skeletal muscles [extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] from the M‐VDD showed a decrease (20%; P < 0.05) in the number of total fibres but an increase in the cross‐sectional area of IIB (17%; P < 0.05), IIA (19%; P < 0.05) and IIAX (21%; P < 0.05) fibres. The fibre hypertrophy was associated with the higher protein levels of MyoD (73%; P < 0.05) and myogenin (55% %; P < 0.05) and in the number of satellite cells (128.8 ± 14 vs. 91 ± 7.6 nuclei Pax7 + in the M‐CTRL; P < 0.05). M‐VDD increased time to fatigue during ex vivo contractions of EDL muscles and showed an increase in the phosphorylation levels of IGF‐1/insulin receptor and their downstream targets related to anabolic processes and myogenic activation, including Ser 473Akt and Ser 21/9GSK‐3β. In such muscles, maternal VDD induced a compensatory increase in the content of calcitriol (two‐fold; P < 0.05) and CYP27B1 (58%; P < 0.05), a metabolizing enzyme that converts calcidiol to calcitriol. Interestingly, most morphological and biochemical changes found in EDL were not observed in slow‐twitch skeletal muscles (soleus) from the M‐VDD group as well as in both EDL and soleus muscles from the female offspring.

Conclusions

These data show that maternal VDD selectively affects the development of type‐II muscle fibres in male offspring rats but not in female offspring rats and suggest that the enhancement of their size and fatigue resistance in fast‐twitch skeletal muscle (EDL) is probably due to a compensatory increase in the muscle content of Vit. D in the adult age.
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and its associated risk factors among university students of Bangladesh
Authors: Das Anita , Razon Arafat H , Ahmad Tanvir , Paul Dipak K
Published: May 2022

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide, but research regarding this disease is rare in Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of IBS and its associated risk factors among university students in Bangladesh.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study. A total of 300 randomly selected participants were included in this study. By using a structured questionnaire and anthropometric methods, we collected all the required data for our study. The diagnosis of IBS was based on Rome III criteria.

Results

The overall prevalence of IBS was 39.3%, but the majority (77.3%) had no basic awareness of IBS. In our study, anxiety and depression (χ2 = 6.817; odds ratio [OR] = 1.910; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.172, 3.113; P = 0.011) had a significant relationship with IBS and IBS had a significant (P < 0.001) relationship with food intolerance (χ2 = 8.737; OR = 2.130; 95% CI = 1.284, 3.531), chest pain (χ2 = 7.482; OR = 2.035; 95% CI = 1.218, 3.401), and insomnia (χ2 = 19.320; OR = 2.907; 95% CI = 1.794, 4.709). In our dietary data, the intake patterns of vegetables (P = 0.000), fast food (P = 0.000), and tea–coffee (P = 0.003) showed a strong significant association with IBS. On the other hand, monthly household income (P = 0.154) and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.138) showed no significant association with IBS. Among our study subjects, IBS‐constipation (54.2%) was more common than IBS‐diarrhea (27.1%) and IBS‐mixed (18.6%). Moreover, among the 118 IBS respondents, 67.8% had a headache with increased flatulence (95.8%) as the most common IBS‐related complication.

Conclusion

IBS is common in university students of Bangladesh and is associated with anxiety, depression, and particular dietary patterns.
Treadmill exercise promotes retinal astrocyte plasticity and protects against retinal degeneration in a mouse model of light‐induced retinal degeneration
Authors: Bales Katie L. , Chacko Alicia S. , Nickerson John M. , Boatright Jeffrey H. , Pardue Machelle T.
Published: May 2022

Exercise is an effective neuroprotective intervention that preserves retinal function and structure in several animal models of retinal degeneration. However, the retinal cell types governing exercise‐induced neuroprotection remain elusive. Previously, we found exercise‐induced retinal neuroprotection was associated with increased levels of retinal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and required intact signal transduction with its high‐affinity receptor, tropomyosin kinase B (TrkB). Brain studies have shown astrocytes express BDNF and TrkB and that decreased BDNF–TrkB signaling in astrocytes contributes to neurodegeneration. Additionally, exercise has been shown to alter astrocyte morphology. Using a light‐induced retinal degeneration (LIRD) model, we investigated how exercise influences retinal astrocytes in adult male BALB/c mice. Treadmill exercise in dim control and LIRD groups had increased astrocyte density, GFAP labeling, branching, dendritic endpoints, and arborization. Meanwhile, inactive LIRD animals had significant reductions in all measured parameters. Additionally, exercised groups had increased astrocytic BDNF expression that was visualized using proximity ligase assay. Isolated retinal astrocytes from exercised LIRD groups had significantly increased expression of a specific isoform of TrkB associated with cell survival, TrkB.FL. Conversely, inactive LIRD isolated retinal astrocytes had significantly increased expression of TrkB.T1, which has been implicated in neuronal cell death. Our data indicate exercise not only alters retinal astrocyte morphology but also promotes specific BDNF–TrkB signaling associated with cell survival and protection during retinal degeneration. These findings provide novel insights into the effects of treadmill exercise on retinal astrocyte morphology and cellular expression, highlighting retinal astrocytes as a potential cell type involved in BDNF–TrkB signaling.
Study on the moving cross‐hatched textures under starved lubrication based on parallel calculation
Authors: Liu Zhan , Meng Xianghui , Zhang Limin , Wang Xing , Cheng Weisheng
Published: May 2022

The oil storage effect of textures is beneficial for lubrication performance under starved lubrication. When the larger of the two surfaces in friction pairs is textured, the moving textures should be considered because the boundary conditions are transiently changed at each moment. This is especially for the cross‐hatched textures, which are manufactured on the cylinder liner while not on the piston ring. However, it means that the calculation cost will be very expensive for engineering friction pairs because the required calculation scale is very large and the required time step is very small. So the dynamic characteristics of moving textures on engineering surfaces are normally neglected in the existing researches. In this study, a starved lubrication model of the piston ring‐cylinder liner (PRCL) system is established considering the oil storage effect, local hydrodynamic effect and dynamic characteristics of the moving cross‐hatched textures. To speed up the calculation, an efficient parallel algorithm is developed. The results show that there is a significant difference in minimum oil film thickness (MOFT), wear load and oil film boundaries between stationary textures and moving textures, so the moving textures should not be simplified. This is helpful to find a better design of textures for engineering friction pairs.