bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State-space representation of a bucket-type rainfall-runoff model: a case study with State-Space GR4 (version 1.0)
Authors: Santos Léonard , Thirel Guillaume , Perrin Charles
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In many conceptual rainfall-runoff models, the water balance differential equations are not explicitly formulated. These differential equations are solved sequentially by splitting the equations into terms that can be solved analytically with a technique called "operator splitting". As a result, only the resolutions of the split equations are used to present the different models. This article provides a methodology to make the governing water balance equations of a bucket-type rainfall-runoff model explicit. This is done by setting up a comprehensive state-space representation of the model. By representing it in this way, the operator splitting, which complexifies the structural analysis of the model, is removed. In this state-space representation, the lag functions (unit hydrographs), which are frequent in this type of model and make the resolution of the representation difficult, are replaced by a so-called "Nash cascade". This substitution also improves the lag parameter consistency across time steps. To illustrate this methodology, the GR4J model is taken as an example. The flow time series simulated by the new representation of the model are very similar to those simulated by the classic model. The state-space representation provides a more time-consistent model with time-independent parameters.
A representation of the collisional ice break-up process in the two-moment microphysics scheme LIMA v1.0 of Meso-NH
Authors: Hoarau Thomas , Pinty Jean-Pierre , Barthe Christelle
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The paper describes a switchable parameterization of CIBU (Collisional Ice Break-Up), an ice multiplication process that fits in with the two-moment microphysical scheme LIMA (Liquid Ice Multiple Aerosols). The LIMA scheme with three ice types (pristine cloud ice crystals, snowaggregates and graupel-hail) was developed in the cloud-resolving mesoscale model Meso-NH. Here the CIBU process assumes that collisional break-up is mostly efficient for small snowaggregate class of particles with a fragile structure when hit by large and dense graupel particles. The increase of cloud ice number concentration depends on a prescribed number of fragments being produced per collision. This point is discussed and analytical expressions of the newly contributing CIBU terms in LIMA are given. The scheme is run in Meso-NH for the case of a three-dimension deep convective cloud with a heavy production of graupel. The consequence of dramatically changing the number of fragments produced per collision is explored in particular to estimate an upper bound of the CIBU effect. The case of a random number of fragments is also proposed to illustrate the consequence of the uncertainty of this parameter. Finally it is concluded that the assessment of CIBU certainly needs accurate laboratory experiments to check the conditions and to tune the efficiency of the process of ice crystal fragmentation. However the proposed parameterization which can be easily implemented in many two-moment microphysics schemes, could be used in this form to simulate the case of real deep tropical clouds where anomalously high concentrations of small ice crystals are suspected to occur.
A 1-Dimensional Ice-Pelagic-Benthic transport model (IPBM) v0.1:
Coupled simulation of ice, water column, and sediment
biogeochemistry
Authors: Yakubov Shamil , Wallhead Philip , Protsenko Elizaveta , Yakushev Evgeniy
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Aquatic biogeochemical processes can strongly interact, especially in polar regions, with processes occurring in adjacent ice and sediment layers, yet there are few modelling tools to simulate these systems in a fully coupled manner. We developed a 1-Dimensional Ice-Pelagic-Benthic transport model (IPBM) for coupled simulation of ice, water column, and upper sediment biogeochemistry. IPBM describes the processes of diffusion and particle sinking in both ice and water, as well sedimentation and bioturbation processes in the sediments. To describe ice, pelagic, and benthic biogeochemical dynamics (reaction terms), IPBM was partly coupled to the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) and partly to the Bottom RedOx Model biogeochemistry module (BROM-biogeochemistry) using the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM). To test the coupled system, hydrophysical forcing for a site in the Kara Sea area from a Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) simulation was used. The test run showed reasonable results for all main variables. IPBM reproduces the ice algae bloom in July followed by a pelagic phytoplankton bloom in August–September, as well as seasonal variability of nutrients in the water column.
Predicting the soil water characteristic curve from the particle size distribution based on a pore space geometry containing slit-shaped spaces
Authors: Chang Chen-chao , Cheng Dong-hui
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Abstract. Traditional models employed to predict the soil water characteristic curve (SWC) from the particle size distribution (PSD) always underestimate the water content in the dry range of the SWC. Using the measured physical parameters of 48 soil samples from the UNSODA unsaturated soil hydraulic property database, these errors were proven to originate from the underestimation of the pore volume fraction of the minimum pore diameter range. A method was therefore proposed to improve the estimation of the water content in the high suction range using a pore model comprising a circle-shaped central pore connected to slit-shaped spaces; in this model, the pore volume fraction of the minimum pore diameter range and the corresponding water content were accordingly increased. The SWCs predicted using the improved method reasonably approximated the measured SWCs, and which were more accurate than those obtained using traditional method in the dry range of the SWC.
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Textural Heterogeneity of
Soils
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Carlos , Pachepsky Yakov , Martín Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Saturated hydraulic conductivity Ksat is an important soil parameter that highly depends on soil's particle size distribution (PSD). The nature of this dependency is explored in this work in two ways, (1) by using the Information Entropy as a heterogeneity parameter of the PSD and (2) using descriptions of PSD in forms of textural triplets, different than the usual description in terms of the triplet of sand, silt and clay contents. The power of this parameter, as a descriptor of Ksat and log(Ksat) , was tested on a database of > 19 K soils. We found coefficients of determination of up to 0.977 for log(Ksat) using a triplet that combines very coarse, coarse, medium and fine sand as coarse particles, very fine sand as intermediate particles, and silt and clay as fines. The power of the correlation is analysed for different textural classes and different triplets. Overall, the use of textural triplets different than traditional, combined with IE, may provide a useful tool for predicting Ksat values.
Performance of the METRIC model in estimating evapotranspiration fluxes over an irrigated field in Saudi Arabia using Landsat-8 images
Authors: Madugundu Rangaswamy , Al-Gaadi Khalid A. , Tola ElKamil , Hassaballa Abdalhaleem A. , Patil Virupakshagouda C.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for hydrological modeling and efficient crop water management in hyper-arid climates. In this study, we applied the METRIC algorithm on Landsat-8 images, acquired from June to October 2013, for the mapping of ET of a 50 ha center-pivot irrigated alfalfa field in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The METRIC-estimated energy balance components and ET were evaluated against the data provided by an eddy covariance (EC) flux tower installed in the field. Results indicated that the METRIC algorithm provided accurate ET estimates over the study area, with RMSE values of 0.13 and 4.15 mm d−1. The METRIC algorithm was observed to perform better in full canopy conditions compared to partial canopy conditions. On average, the METRIC algorithm overestimated the hourly ET by 6.6 % in comparison to the EC measurements; however, the daily ET was underestimated by 4.2 %.
Temporal evolution of landslide hazard for a road infrastructure in the Municipality of Nocera Inferiore, Italy, under the effect of climate change
Authors: Uzielli Marco , Rianna Guido , Ciervo Fabio , Mercogliano Paola , Eidsvig Unni K.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In recent years, landslide events have extensively affected pyroclastic covers of the Campania Region in southern Italy, causing victims and conspicuous economic damages. Due to the high criticality of the area, a proper assessment of future variations in landslide occurrences and related risk is crucial for policy-makers, administrators and infrastructure stakeholders. This paper addresses work performed within the FP7 INTACT project, having the goal to provide a risk framework for critical infrastructure while accounting for climate change. The study is a part of the testing and application of the framework in the Campania region, assessing the temporal variation in landslide hazard specifically for a section of the Autostrada A3 Salerno–Napoli motorway, which runs across the toe of the Monte Albino relief in the Municipality of Nocera Inferiore. In the study, hazard is defined as the yearly probability of a spatial location within a study area to be affected by landslide runout given the occurrence of rainfall-related triggering conditions. Hence, hazard depends both on the likelihood of rainfall-induced landslide triggering within the study area and the likelihood that the specific location will be affected following landslide runout. Landslide triggering probability is calculated through the application of Bayesian theory and relying on local historical rainfall data. Temporal variations in triggering probability due to climate change are estimated from present-day to the year 2100 through the characterization of rainfall patterns and related uncertainties using the EURO-CORDEX Ensemble. Reach probability, defining the probability that a given spatial location is affected by debris flows, is calculated spatially through numerical simulation of landslide runout. The temporal evolution of hazard is investigated specifically in the proximity of the motorway, as to provide a quantitative support for landslide risk analysis.
Analysis of the risk associated to coastal flooding hazards: A new historical extreme storm surges dataset for Dunkirk, France
Authors: Hamdi Yasser , Garnier Emmanuel , Giloy Nathalie , Duluc Claire-Marie , Rebour Vincent
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This paper aims to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a historical study devoted to French Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) which can be prone to the extreme marine flooding events. It has been shown in the literature that the use of HI can significantly improve the probabilistic and statistical modeling of extreme events. There is a significant lack of historical data about marine flooding (storms and storm surges) compared to river flooding events. To address this data scarcity and to improve the estimation of the risk associated to the marine flooding hazards, a dataset of historical storms and storm surges that hit the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region during the five past centuries were recovered from archival sources, examined and used in a frequency analysis (FA) in order to assess its impact on the frequency estimations. This work on the Dunkirk site (representative of the Gravelines NPP) is a continuation of previous work performed on the La Rochelle site in France. Indeed, the frequency model (FM) used in the present paper had some success in the field of coastal hazards and it has been applied in previous studies to surge datasets to prevent marine flooding in the La Rochelle region in France. In a first step, only information collected from the literature (published reports, journal papers and PhD theses) is considered. A 1954 Coastal Engineering journal issue (Le Gorgeu and Guitonneau, 1954) on the reconstruction of the eastern dyke in Dunkirk has been more than a reference for this paper. It has indeed served as a main source of historical information (HI) in this study. Although this first historical dataset has extended the gauged record back in time to 1897, serious questions related to the exhaustiveness of the information and about the validity of the developed FM have remained unanswered. Additional qualitative and quantitative HI were extracted in a second step from many older archival sources. This work has led to the construction of storms and marine flooding sheets summarizing key data on each identified event. The quality control and the cross-validation of the collected information, which have been carried out systematically, indicate that it is valid and complete as regards extreme storms and storm surges. Most of the HI gathered displays a good agreement with other archival sources and documentary climate reconstructions. The probabilistic and statistical analysis of a dataset containing an exceptional observation considered as an outlier (i.e. the 1953 storm surge) has been significantly improved when the additional HI gathered in both literature and archives are used. As the historical data tend to be extreme, the right tail of the distribution has been reinforced and the 1953 exceptional event don't appear as an outlier any more. This new dataset provides a valuable source of information on storm surges for future characterization of coastal hazards.
Instabilities within Rotating mode-2 Internal Waves
Authors: Deepwell David , Stastna Marek , Coutino Aaron
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We present high resolution, three dimensional simulations of rotation modified mode-2 internal solitary waves at various rotation rates and Schmidt numbers. Rotation is seen to change the internal solitary-like waves observed in the absence of rotation into a leading Kelvin wave followed by Poincaré waves. Mass and energy is found to be advected towards the right-most side wall (for Northern hemisphere rotation) which led to Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities within the leading Kelvin wave that form above and below the pycnocline. These instabilities are localized within a region near the side wall and intensify in vigour with increasing rotation rate. Secondary Kelvin waves form further behind the wave from either resonance with radiating Poincaré waves or the remnants of the K-H instability. The first of these mechanisms is in accord with published work on mode-1 Kelvin waves. Both types of secondary Kelvin waves form on the same side of the channel as the leading Kelvin wave. Comparisons of equivalent cases with different Schmidt numbers indicate that while low Schmidt number results in the correct general characteristics of the modified ISWs, it does not correctly predict the trailing Poincaré wave field or the intensity and duration of the K-H instabilities.
Estimation of Arctic Land-Fast Ice Cover based on SENTINEL-1 SAR Imagery
Authors: Karvonen Juha
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Here we present a method for estimating the land-fast ice (LFI) extent from SENTINEL-1 SAR mosaics over an Arctic study area over Kara and Barents Seas. The method is based on temporal cross-correlation between adjacent day SAR mosaics. The results are compared to the LFI of the Russian Arctic-Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) ice charts. A LFI time series covering the time period from October 2015 to the end of August 2017 computed using the presented methodology is provided on our ftp server. The time series will be extended twice annually.
Acoustic Manifestation of English Lexical Stress Pattern by Native Erei Speakers
Authors: Ukam Edadi Ilem
Published: December 2017

Lexical stress is the combination of intensity, fundamental frequency and vowel quality acoustically. Like many other non-segmental features of English, it is very vital for intelligibility, foreign accentedness and comprehensibility since wrong placement of primary and/or secondary stress in English words might lead to different interpretations. The feature is not observable in Erei, which is a tonal language, where all the syllables or vowels in a word are given strong form. Erei language is different from free variable stress system of English, and the difference between the two languages may likely result in the transfer of Erei tonal system in the articulation of English lexical stress by native Erei speakers. The study examined the deployment of English lexical stress in the speech outputs of Erei-English bilingual speakers in Biase Local Government Area of Cross River State Nigeria. Eight subjects were selected from four secondary schools. Eight words, selected from Cruttenden’s Gimson’s pronunciation of English, were used for the analysis. The metrical theory, developed by Lieberman (1975), was adopted as the framework for the analysis. Findings indicated that Erei-English bilinguals place stress on the wrong syllables as shown in the native British speaker’s output, and therefore, do not observe English rhythmic alternation rules. All the syllables in a word are almost given equal prominence, a rehash of the tonal nature of Erei, affecting the intelligibility of their spoken English. Based on the findings, the study suggested the availability of well-equipped language laboratories, provision of sophisticated audio-visual aids and computerised speech equipment in Nigeria as well as language teachers in L2 situations should focus instruction on non-segmental features before the individual segments to promote international intelligibility in the speech outputs of L2 users.
The Student Voice in Designing a Jewish Studies High School Curriculum: A Case Study
Authors: Kohn Eli
Published: December 2017

In January 2012, a team of curriculum specialists based at Bar Ilan University in Israel were approached by a Jewishday school in Australia to design a new Jewish Studies curriculum for its school. The mandate was to design acurriculum model from first-steps that would form the basis for the new curriculum.This article demonstrates how combining elements of Fullan's ideas about school partnerships with Schwab's'commonplaces' concepts can best meet the needs of the school's specific population and ethos. The role of studentvoice is shown to be critical in curriculum deliberations and decision making. Assumptions made by teachers aboutwhat students would want to learn proved, in a number of instances, inaccurate. Our research seems to indicate that thestudent "commonplace" voice within the design of a new curriculum should be given more consideration in thecurriculum design process.While the research was conducted in a particular school context, the principles learned, specifically re: the place ofstudent-voice, can be applied to school contexts internationally.
A Revisit of the Cross-Section of Overnight and Intraday Abnormal Returns: Evidence from the Japanese REIT Market
Authors: Chen Jieting , Kawaguchi Yuichiro
Published: December 2017

This study revisits an overnight-intraday reversal strategy that generates an abnormal excess return for a stock market. The study is the first to examine whether abnormal returns related to size effect and investment effect occur overnight or intraday in the Japanese Real Estate Investment Trust (J-REIT) market. Empirical results show that in the J-REIT market, significant positive abnormal returns on investment effect as well as size effect occur intraday, followed by reversals that negative abnormal returns occur overnight. Further empirical results reveal that foreign institutional investors and individual investors trade against domestic institutional investors, and strengthen the asymmetric intraday and overnight abnormal returns. Therefore, we support the hypothesis that investor heterogeneity can explain the overnight-intraday anomaly. Moreover, the J-REIT market responds quickly and significantly to announcements from the Bank of Japan (BOJ). The information surprise caused by BOJ’s announcements also intensifies the intraday and overnight abnormal returns in the J-REIT market.
Motivating factors applied in small and medium enterprises
Authors: Grabiec Olimpia , Jędraszczyk-Kałwak Joanna
Published: December 2017

This article presents a discussion of issues connected with motivating employees to work. It contains theoretical principles of psychology of motivation, as well as a self-study connected with the presented topic. The theoretical part of this article presents a detailed definition of motivation, the scope of interest of motivational psychology as well as different types of motivation drivers applied by managers. On the other hand, the empirical part presents results of the research related to motivational systems applied in Silesian enterprises. This article aimed at showing different ways of motivating employees of small and medium enterprises to work, as well as defining, which factors are, in their opinions, the most encouraging to intensive work, which can contribute to the development of motivational systems in enterprises.
Innovativeness of Poland at the European Union background – analysis using decomposition of the Summary Innovation Index (SII)
Authors: Tylec Agnieszka , Ostraszewska Zuzanna
Published: December 2017

The aim of the article is to present the innovation level of Poland versus the results of the European Union based on the Summary Innovation Index (SII). For its implementation, the decomposition of the SII was performed first, followed by the presentation and analysis of the data taken into account in determining the level of innovation of particular countries and in the EU. In the article one used the method of analysis, including the literature of the subject, reports on innovation published in the Internet, the descriptive method and the method of graphical presentation of data.
Generating values via corporate blog. Case study
Authors: Tarczydło Beata , Kondak Anna
Published: December 2017

The purpose of the discussions and research undertaken was to bring the generation problem closer values (and the attempt to identify their types) for the stakeholders resulting from the use of a corporate blog. It was necessary to conduct detailed literature research and analysis of available research referring to corporate blogs. Also, the author’s own quality research was prepared and carried out. Its basic method was a case study made for the blog of Orange brand. The author starts with a definition of corporate blog, indicates its types and strategy of its methodical running. Next, market determinants and trends are presented as well as their influence on the efficiency of analysed object management. Special attention is focused on the process of generating values via corporate blog. The The case study of Orange brand blog has provided a number of important information about how to effectively run a business blog, which can be a valuable source of information for other marketers doing blogging. The results of the considerations and research may be relevant for scientists interested in developing knowledge in the area of managing values generated by corporate blogs.
Gravity Data Decomposition Based on Spectral Analysis and Halo Wavelet Transform, Case Study at Birdâs Head Peninsula, West Papua
Authors: Handyarso Accep , Kadir Wawan Gunawan A.
Published: December 2017

Gravity imagery is commonly used in the preliminary study of sedimentary basins. Gravity data have an excellent lateral resolution but poor vertical resolution. The gravity response represents the superposition of all elements of differing density contrasts and depthsfor a given region below the surface. The ability to perform depth-based gravity data decomposition is important for the interpretation of the data. This can be achieved by combiningspectral analysis withthe Halo wavelet transform. The decomposition method was tested using synthetic data as well as field data collected at Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua. Examination of the proposed method using the synthetic data produced satisfactory results that corresponded well to the models. The test using the field data clearly imaged anticline structures that formed due tothe ongoing collision of the Australia Continental Plate and the Pacific Oceanic Plate. In part of the Lengguru Fold and Thrust Belt, the folding structures are not imaged at depths greater than ~6 km. We proposethat folding structures are not found at deeper levels. The gravity imagery also indicates that the Sorong Fault Zonebreaks apart into several segments, which causes other perpendicular lineaments(strike-slip faulting). These strike-slip faults are clearly visible in the Bird's Head Region.
ILSI Europe’s Food Allergy Task Force: From Defining the Hazard to Assessing the Risk from Food Allergens
Authors: Crevel René R W , Ronsmans Stefan , Marsaux Cyril F M , Bánáti Diána
Published: December 2017

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe Food Allergy Task Force was founded in response to early public concerns about the growing impact of food allergies almost coincidentally with the publication of the 1995 Food and Agriculture Organization-World Health Organization Technical Consultation on Food Allergies. In line with ILSI principles aimed to foster collaboration between stakeholders to promote consensus on science-based approaches to food safety and nutrition, the task force has played a central role since then in the development of risk assessment for food allergens. This ranged from consideration of the criteria to be applied to identifying allergens of public health concern through methodologies to determine the relationship between dose and the proportion of allergic individuals reacting, as well as the nature of the observed responses. The task force also promoted the application of novel, probabilistic risk assessment methods to better delineate the impact of benchmarks, such as reference doses, and actively participated in major European food allergy projects, such as EUROPREVALL, the European Union (EU)-funded project “The prevalence, cost and basis of food allergy across Europe;” and iFAAM, “Integrated approaches to food allergen and allergy risk management,” also an EU-funded project. Over the years, the task force’s work has evolved as answers to initial questions raised further issues: Its current work program includes a review of analytical methods and how different ones can best be deployed given their strengths and limitations. Another activity, which has just commenced, aims to develop a framework for stakeholders to achieve consensus on acceptable risk.
Novel Approaches for the MS-Based Detection of Food Allergens: High Resolution, MS3, and Beyond
Authors: Brockmeyer Jens
Published: December 2017

The prevalence of allergic reactions to food is believed to be increasing in industrialized countries worldwide. One of the major tasks in risk management is, therefore, the analytical surveillance of allergen contamination in food and targeted proteomics using MS, which is of hugely growing interest due to its specificity and sensitivity and the possibility to analyze multiple allergens in parallel. Though approximately 200 different foods have been described as having the potential to elicit allergic reactions, current regional labeling requirements are focused on the 5–14 priority allergens that elicit the vast majority of severe reactions or that pose a risk as hidden allergens in food production. MS-based detection methods have been published for the majority of priority allergens, and this review provides an overview of the different methodological approaches, namely multiple-reaction monitoring-, high-resolution MS-, and triple-stage MS-based methods. In addition, requirements for the identification and validation of specific marker peptides and the influence of thermal processing and structural heterogeneity of allergens are discussed.
Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Allergens in Food Products by LC-MS/MS
Authors: New Lee Sun , Schreiber Andre , Stahl-Zeng Jianru , Liu Hua-Fen
Published: December 2017

There is currently no cure for food allergies, and sufferers can only rely on the correct labeling of foods to avoid allergens. Hence, it is important that analytical methods are sensitive and accurate enough to screen for the presence of multiple allergens in food products. In this study, we developed an LC-tandem MS method that is able to simultaneously screen or quantify the signature tryptic peptides of multiple allergen commodities. This method is capable of screening and identifying egg white, skim milk, peanut, soy, and tree nuts (almond, Brazil nut, cashew, hazelnut, pecan, pine nut, pistachio, and walnut) at a detection limit of 10 ppm in incurred bread and cookies. It was further tested for the quantitative analysis of whole-egg, whole-milk, peanut butter, and hazelnut commodities, which are incurred or spiked into selected food matrixes as defined in AOAC INTERNATIONAL Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2016.002. The method demonstrated excellent sensitivity with a Method quantitative limit of 3 ppm for whole egg and 10 ppm for the remaining three allergen commodities. It also demonstrated good recovery (60-119%) and repeatability (RSDr <20%), with an analytical range of 10–1000 ppm for each allergen commodity and was able to meet the minimum performance requirements of the SMPR.
Almond or Mahaleb? Orthogonal Allergen Analysis During a Live Incident Investigation by ELISA, Molecular Biology, and Protein Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Walker Michael J , Burns Malcolm , Quaglia Milena , Nixon Gavin , Hopley Christopher J , Gray Kirstin M , Moore Victoria , Singh Malvinder , Cowen Simon
Published: December 2017

It is now well known that an incident investigated in the United Kingdom in 2015 of cumin alleged to be contaminated with almond, a risk for people with almond allergy, was caused by the Prunus species, Prunus mahaleb. In the United Kingdom, the Government Chemist offers a route of technical appeal from official findings in the food control system. Findings of almond in two official samples, cumin and paprika, which had prompted action to exclude the consignments from the food chain, were so referred. Herein are described the approaches deployed to resolve the analytical issues during the investigation of the incidents. The cross-reactivity of ELISA to Prunus species was confirmed, and although this is useful in screening for the genus, orthogonal techniques are required to identify the species and confirm its presence. Two novel PCR assays were developed: one specific for P. mahaleb and the other a screening method capable of identifying common Prunus DNA. Peptides unique to almond and mahaleb were identified, permitting LC-tandem MS and criteria were developed for peptide identification to forensic standards. This work enables a staged approach to be taken to any future incident thought to involve Prunus species and provides a template for the investigation of similar incidents.
Closed city la primavera
Authors: Rodríguez González Sylvia Cristina
Published: December 2017

En la actualidad, el proceso de crecimiento urbano ante la globalización va ligado al

fenómeno de expansión urbana, como primer proceso de la tendencia expansióndensificación,

la cual se distingue por sus manifestaciones en la problemática urbana.

Esta tendencia estimula el cambio morfológico de las ciudades, especialmente por nuevos

desarrollos habitacionales de tipo cerrado, donde la delimitación del conjunto es la muralla. El

fenómeno de expansión urbana, a su vez, se distingue por elementos estructurales de la

ciudad como vías rápidas, y por el énfasis en las dinámicas de articulación del territorio por

nuevas urbanizaciones.

Como el caso La Primavera, el cual constituye un elemento autónomo a la ciudad de Culiacán,

Sinaloa, en México, conformando una ciudad urbanizada de tipo cerrada, con gran extensión,

pretensiones plasmadas en el proyecto en el que se plantea una multifuncionalidad dirigida a

satisfacer las necesidades de estratos altos de la comunidad.

Nowadays, the process of urban growth, in the globalization context, is linked to the phenomenon of urban expansion, by means of two processes: urban densification and urban expansion.

This trend incentivizes the morphological change of cities, especially motivated for housing developments in the gated communities’ format, where the delimitation border is the wall. The phenomenon of urban sprawl is characterized by city structural elements as highways, which emphasize the articulation dynamics of new land developments.

This is the case of “La Primavera”, which is an independent city in the city of Culiacan (in the Mexican State of Sinaloa). La Primavera is a closed city, which embraces a huge land extension; this project supposedly “multifunctional” is clearly oriented to the wealthiest segment of Culiacan’s society.

En l’actualitat, el procés de creixement urbà front la globalització va lligat al fenomen d’expansió urbana, com primer pas de la tendència expansió-densificació, la qual es distingeix per les seves manifestacions en la problemàtica urbana.

Aquesta tendència estimula el canvi morfològic de les ciutats, especialment per nous desenvolupaments habitacionals de tipus tancat, on la delimitació del conjunt es una muralla. El fenomen d’expansió urbana, al mateix temps, es distingeix per elements estructurals de la ciutat com vies ràpides, i per l’èmfasi en les dinàmiques d’articulació del territori per noves urbanitzacions.

Com el cas La Primavera, el qual constitueix un element autònom a la ciutat de Culiacán, Sinaloa, a Mèxic, conformant una ciutat urbanitzada de tipus tancada, amb gran extensió, requeriments continguts en el projecte en el que es planteja una multi funcionalitat dirigida a satisfer les necessitats d’alts estrats de la comunitat.
Devenir-plante : enlacements vivants en Océan Indien et en Amazonie
Authors: Laplante Julie
Published: December 2017

Percevoir un médicament, un remède ou une drogue comme un objet pouvant nuire ou guérir selon une logique causale est possible selon un positionnement de l’extérieur. Si l’on se place au milieu des choses ou entre l’humain et le non-humain dans l’agencement-vie qui émerge entre les deux, il n’y a plus ni objet, ni sujet, mais un devenir. Voilà le lieu qu’occupent maintes chamanes et guérisseuses pour mieux connaître comment guérir avec les plantes, certaines de ces plantes étant communément nommées « drogue » ou « psychotrope », lorsque reconnues selon leurs propriétés biopharmaceutiques ou biomoléculaires. Dans cet article, je vise à montrer en quoi l’approche horizontale de guérisseurs en océan Indien et en Amazonie se comprend mieux par une approche phénoménologique rhizomique que par une approche généalogique de l’arborescence sur laquelle repose en grande partie l’approche scientifique actuelle. Trois études de cas démontrent respectivement en quoi devenir-plante se fait par le mouvement-repos, le rêve et l’affect. L’approche phénoménologique rhizomique en anthropologie proposée emprunte en partie à Deleuze et Guattari (1980) et permet de mieux comprendre comment il est possible d’entretenir des relations fructueuses avec les plantes. Une telle approche amène à privilégier un savoir obtenu par proximité, plutôt qu’à poser un regard de la distance typique du laboratoire qui extrapole la plante de ses contextes, voire d’elle-même, et qui s’intéresse le plus souvent à l’une des molécules de la plante plutôt qu’à ses synergies activées dans-la-vie.
L’internationalisation des firmes multinationales technologiques chinoises
Authors: Arès Mathieu , Huang Ping
Published: December 2017

La révolution technologique est au coeur du redéploiement de l’économie mondiale et de son recentrage en Asie, la Chine en particulier se présentant désormais comme « l’atelier du monde ». L’autonomie technologie et le contrôle des chaînes de valeur sont au centre de la nouvelle géopolitique mondiale. L’étude de cas de Lenovo, devenu en trente ans le principal fabricant d’ordinateurs personnels (pc), met en relief les efforts chinois pour gravir les échelons de l’intensité technologique.
SDMtoolbox 2.0: the next generation Python-based GIS toolkit for landscape genetic, biogeographic and species distribution model analyses
Authors: Brown Jason L. , Bennett Joseph R. , French Connor M.
Published: December 2017

SDMtoolbox 2.0 is a software package for spatial studies of ecology, evolution, and genetics. The release of SDMtoolbox 2.0 allows researchers to use the most current ArcGIS software and MaxEnt software, and reduces the amount of time that would be spent developing common solutions. The central aim of this software is to automate complicated and repetitive spatial analyses in an intuitive graphical user interface. One core tenant facilitates careful parameterization of species distribution models (SDMs) to maximize each model’s discriminatory ability and minimize overfitting. This includes carefully processing of occurrence data, environmental data, and model parameterization. This program directly interfaces with MaxEnt, one of the most powerful and widely used species distribution modeling software programs, although SDMtoolbox 2.0 is not limited to species distribution modeling or restricted to modeling in MaxEnt. Many of the SDM pre- and post-processing tools have ‘universal’ analogs for use with any modeling software. The current version contains a total of 79 scripts that harness the power of ArcGIS for macroecology, landscape genetics, and evolutionary studies. For example, these tools allow for biodiversity quantification (such as species richness or corrected weighted endemism), generation of least-cost paths and corridors among shared haplotypes, assessment of the significance of spatial randomizations, and enforcement of dispersal limitations of SDMs projected into future climates—to only name a few functions contained in SDMtoolbox 2.0. Lastly, dozens of generalized tools exists for batch processing and conversion of GIS data types or formats, which are broadly useful to any ArcMap user.
HYGROSCOPIC, THERMAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CINNAMON ESSENTIAL OIL MICROPARTICLE OBTAINED BY SPRAY DRYING
Authors: Campelo Pedro Henrique , Figueiredo Jayne De Abreu , Ferraz Vany , Yoshida Maria Irene , Fernandes Regiane Victória De Barros , Botrel Diego Alvarenga , Borges Soraia Vilela
Published: December 2017

This study aimed at evaluating the potential of gum arabic in combination with maltodextrin for the microencapsulation of cinnamon essential oil by spray drying to maximize its hygroscopic, thermal and chemical stability. The corresponding isotherm exhibited type II behavior (sigmoidal curve), and the best fit was obtained for the GAB model (E = 4.81%). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the increased moisture content caused a significant reduction of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the microparticles. Microparticles stored at intermediate humidity exhibited thermal stability and a lower mass loss, while storing at low temperatures led to higher antioxidant capacity and cinnamaldehyde retention.
Glycosaminoglycan and Proteoglycan‐Based Biomaterials: Current Trends and Future Perspectives
Authors: Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Tang Fengying , Whitelock John M. , Lord Megan S.
Published: December 2017

Proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are essential for life as they are responsible for orchestrating many essential functions in development and tissue homeostasis, including biophysical properties and roles in cell signaling and extracellular matrix assembly. In an attempt to capture these biological functions, a range of biomaterials are designed to incorporate off‐the‐shelf GAGs, typically isolated from animal sources, for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine applications. All GAGs, with the exception of hyaluronan, are present in the body covalently coupled to the protein core of proteoglycans, yet the incorporation of proteoglycans into biomaterials remains relatively unexplored. Proteoglycan‐based biomaterials are more likely to recapitulate the unique, tissue‐specific GAG profiles and native GAG presentation in human tissues. The protein core offers additional biological functionality, including cell, growth factor, and extracellular matrix binding domains, as well as sites for protein immobilization chemistries. Finally, proteoglycans can be recombinantly expressed in mammalian cells and thus offer genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering opportunities for control over the protein and GAG structures and functions. This Progress Report summarizes current developments in GAG‐based biomaterials and presents emerging research and future opportunities for the development of biomaterials that incorporate GAGs presented in their native proteoglycan form.
Child Maltreatment, Problem Behaviors, and Neighborhood Attainment
Authors: Chauhan Preeti , Schuck Amie M. , Widom Cathy Spatz
Published: December 2017

Using data from a prospective cohort design study of a group of children with documented histories of abuse and neglect (n = 908) and matched controls (n = 667), this paper examines whether problem behaviors (e.g., prostitution, crime, school problems, and homelessness) in young adulthood explain the link between maltreatment in childhood and living in high‐risk neighborhoods in middle adulthood. Problem behaviors were assessed at mean age of 29 and neighborhood characteristics were assessed at mean age of 40. Child maltreatment predicted living in less desirable neighborhoods in middle adulthood. Problem behaviors in young adulthood partially mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and residence in less desirable neighborhoods in middle adulthood. The direct paths from child maltreatment to neighborhoods were not significant for Black children. For White children, there was a direct relationship between child maltreatment and living in an economically disadvantaged neighborhood. Problem behaviors were a stronger mediator between child maltreatment and living in more disordered and less socially cohesive neighborhoods for Black children, while the problem behaviors were a stronger mediator for living in more economically disadvantaged and less socially cohesive neighborhoods for White children. Further research is needed to understand these racial differences. Interventions should focus on preventing problem behaviors to minimize the risk of residency in high‐risk neighborhoods.
On modeling of bitumen/n‐tetradecane mixture viscosity: Application in solvent‐assisted recovery method
Authors: Rostami Alireza , Arabloo Milad , Esmaeilzadeh Shaghayegh , Mohammadi Amir H.
Published: December 2017

Extremely high viscosity of bitumen is of great challenge in bitumen production, transportation, and processing. Therefore, different techniques such as dilution of bitumen by liquid solvents have been proposed for bitumen viscosity reduction. Accurate prediction of diluted bitumen mixture viscosity is a key parameter in solvent injection during hydrocarbon recovery. In this study, a simple correlation and a model in accordance with adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems joined with particle swarm optimization (ANFIS‐PSO) algorithm have been developed for accurate estimation of bitumen/n‐tetradecane mixture viscosity in comparison to other available mixing rules at different pressures, temperatures, and n‐tetradecane mass fractions. For evaluation of the models efficiency, cumulative frequency test was employed to examine the data frequency over the whole databank. The ANFIS‐PSO model exhibits the best performance with average absolute relative deviation of 2.44% and squared correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9985. Moreover, it is proved that the suggested correlation has the best practical performance than the Lederer and other studied correlations in this work. In other words, the proposed correlation is easy‐to‐use and also, it is a more straightforward function of pressure, temperature, and solvent mass fraction than other literature correlations. Based on the sensitivity analysis, it is demonstrated that solvent concentration is the most influencing parameter in reducing bitumen viscosity. In accordance to the results of this study, the proposed techniques can serve as robust and reliable tools for efficient estimation of bitumen/n‐tetradecane mixture viscosity.
Cellulose micro‐ and nanofibrils (CMNF) manufacturing ‐ financial and risk assessment
Authors: de Assis Camilla Abbati , Iglesias Maria Celeste , Bilodeau Michael , Johnson Donna , Phillips Richard , Peresin Maria Soledad , Bilek E.M. (Ted) , Rojas Orlando J. , Venditti Richard , Gonzalez Ronalds
Published: December 2017

Conversion economics, risk, and financial analyses for an industrial facility manufacturing cellulose micro‐ and nanofibrils (CMNF) from wood pulp is presented. Process data is based on mass and energy balances from a pilot facility in the University of Maine. Here, CMNF is produced from untreated wood pulp by using disk refining, with an assumed production capacity of 50 t (dry metric ton equivalent) per day. Stand‐alone and co‐location manufacturing facilities were simulated and assessed. Minimum product selling prices (MPSP, estimated to achieve a 16% hurdle rate) for different scenarios ranged from USD 1893/t CMNF to USD 2440/t CMNF (dry equivalent). Pulp and energy consumption were identified as major cost drivers. Consequently, it was found that the use of alternative feedstock, in addition to co‐location configuration, can reduce MPSP by 37%. Since estimated MPSP of CMNF is lower than cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) – both estimated to achieve a 16% hurdle rate, we believe market adoption of CMNF in the near term is more promising, regardless of specific applications. This study provides state of the art business intelligence information on the conversion economics, risk, and financial analyses for CMNF manufacturing. Thus, the data represents valuable information to entrepreneurs, R&D scientists, and product developers who plan to adopt CMNF in their processes and products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Calpain‐2 inhibitor treatment preferentially reduces tumor progression for human colon cancer cells expressing highest levels of this enzyme
Authors: Marciel Michael P. , Rose Aaron H. , Martinez Verena , Horio David T. , Hashimoto Ann S. , Hoffmann FuKun W. , Bertino Pietro , Hoffmann Peter R.
Published: December 2017

Calpain‐2 levels are higher in colorectal tumors resistant to chemotherapy and previous work showed calpain‐2 inhibitor therapy reduced inflammation‐driven colorectal cancer, but direct effects of the inhibitor on colon cancer cells themselves were not demonstrated. In the present study, five human colon cancer cell lines were directly treated with a calpain‐2 inhibitor and results showed increased cell death in 4 of 5 cell lines and decreased anchorage‐independent growth for all cell five lines. When tested for levels of calpain‐2, three cell lines exhibited increasing levels of this enzyme: HCT15 (low), HCC2998 (medium), and HCT116 (significantly higher). This was consistent with gel shift assays showing that calpain‐2 inhibitor reduced of NF‐κB nuclear translocation most effectively in HCT116 cells. Ability of calpain‐2 inhibitor to impede tumor progression in vivo was evaluated using intrarectal transplant of luciferase‐expressing cells for these three cell lines. Results showed that calpain‐2 inhibitor therapy reduced tumor growth and increased survival only in mice injected with HCT116 cells. These data suggest calpain‐2 inhibitor treatment may be most effective on colorectal tumors expressing highest levels of calpain‐2.