bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Spiritual Humanism in Mulia Sadra’s Philosophi: an Analysis Study of the Existence of Modern Humans
Authors: Qoriah Hidayatul , Khair Nurul
Published: April 2021

This paper is a review of Mulla Sadra's thought library about the concept of spiritual humanism and its significance to human existence in the modern era. This paper aims to find out the meaning, principles, and nature of humanism in Mulla Sadra's views through his main work entitled al-Asfar al-Arba'ah and some research on Mulla Sadra's philosophical thinking. By using philosophical descriptive analysis, it can be concluded that the concept of Mulla Sadra's humanism is studied and explored through the discourse of the soul. The implication, humans know and realize the existence of immaterial aspects in their existence is perfect. In addition to knowing that there is a material aspect to human existence, the humanism concept in Mulla Sadra's view is to criticize the views of western philosophers, such as Jean Paul Sartre and Fredrich Nietzsche who view human existence based on material awareness. As a result, human existence is seen through the material side. The implication, human awareness is limited. In the modern era, the majority of people understand their existence as offered by western philosophers, so that the majority of people do not have awareness in realizing and knowing their existence, as they should. In addition, the views of western philosophers on material awareness in human existence cause freedom of will. Freedom of will in the western view causes dehumanism, because it prioritizes emotional aspects and passions in increasing human existence. The results of this paper to provide solutions in raising awareness of human existence, especially regarding the meaning, principles and nature of humanists in the modern era. The more aware humans are of humanist meaning and nature, the higher human existence will be. The implication, humans can reach the level of perfection in themselves without any restrictions. From these various explanations, the author hypothesizes that the concept of spiritual humanist Mulla Sadra can increase human existence and provide solutions to the crisis of human existence in the modern era.
Problems and proposed solutions faced by Syrian students in the educational process in Turkey
Authors: Hallaçlı Fatma , Gül İbrahim
Published: April 2021

War and migration is a traumatic situation that affects human life. Many Syrians had to migrate to our country due to the negativities experienced in Syria. Children are among the most affected by migrations. In this study, the problems encountered by Syrian students in the education process are discussed. The case study method was used in this qualitative research. The study group of the research consists of school administrators, teachers and Syrian students from public schools in Altındağ district, Ankara. A triple comparison was made in order to reveal the problem of the study exactly. Semi-structured interview form was used in the research. Descriptive and content analysis methods were used to analyze the collected data. According to the findings obtained from the research, According to the findings obtained from the research, it was stated that Syrian students experienced absenteeism, communication, violence and adaptation problems, various complaints came from families, and the curriculum did not meet the needs of students. Most of these problems were mentioned repeatedly by teachers and students. Administrators and teachers have developed some suggestions for solving the problems.
 
Özet
 
Savaş ve göç, insan hayatını etkileyen travmatik bir durumdur. Suriye’de yaşanan olumsuzluklar nedeniyle ülkemize birçok Suriyeli göç etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Göçten en çok etkilenenler arasında çocuklar yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada Suriyeli öğrencilerin eğitim sürecinde karşılaştıkları sorunlar ele alınmıştır. Nitel bir çalışma olan bu araştırmada durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Ankara ili Altındağ ilçesinde kamu okullarında çalışan okul yöneticileri, öğretmenler ve Suriyeli öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın sorununu doğru bir şekilde ortaya koymak için üçlü bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırmada yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel ve içerik analizi yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Aratırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, Suriyeli öğrencilerin devamsızlık, iletişim, şiddet ve uyum sorunları yaşandığı, ailelerden çeşitli şikayetler geldiği, müfredat programının öğrencilerin ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermediği dile getirilmiştir. Bu sorunların çoğunluğu öğretmen ve öğrenciler tarafından tekrarlanarak dile getirilmiştir. Yönetici ve öğretmenler sorunların çözümüne yönelik bazı öneriler geliştirmişlerdir.
Gemeinsam stark – Ein Erfahrungsbericht zur Zusammenarbeit von Haupt- und Ehrenamtlichen in der Remigius Bücherei, Borken (Westfalen)
Authors: Heitfeldt Claudia
Published: April 2021

Der Erfahrungsbericht berichtet über die Zusammenarbeit von Haupt- und Ehrenamtlichen in der Katholischen Öffentlichen Bücherei St. Remigius in Borken, Nordrhein-Westfalen. Die Strategie der Bibliothek betont das bürgerschaftliche Engagement. Die Freiwilligen sind vor allem im Ausleih- und Benutzungsdienst eingesetzt. Das Management des großen Teams der Freiwilligen erfordert Professionalität.
Ehrenamt in den Öffentlichen Bibliotheken Österreichs
Authors: Portugal Katharina
Published: April 2021

Das öffentliche Bibliothekswesen in Österreich wird mehrheitlich von ehrenamtlichen BibliothekarInnen getragen. So sind über 80 % der MitarbeiterInnen in den Öffentlichen Bibliotheken in Österreich ehrenamtlich tätig. Dabei zeigen sich große – sich nur geringfügig ändernde – Unterschiede in den einzelnen Bundesländern. Dieser Beitrag erläutert die Struktur der österreichischen Bibliothekslandschaft, zeigt die Bestrebungen zur Professionalisierung durch Aus- und Fortbildungen des Büchereiverbandes Österreichs und präsentiert an einem Best-Practice-Beispiel das Engagement ehrenamtlicher BibliothekarInnen.
Optimized neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy controlled dynamic voltage restorer for power quality performance
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Arya Sabha Raj , Mistry Khyati D.
Published: April 2021

In this article, a hybrid approach is implemented namely, neural network training (NNT) based machine learning (ML) estimator inspired by artificial neural network (ANN) and self-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to tackle the voltage aggravations in the power distribution network (DN). In this work, potential of swarm intelligence technique namely particle swam optimization (PSO) is analysed to obtain an optimum prediction model with certain modifications in training algorithm parameters. In practice, when the systems are continuously subjected to parametric changes or external disturbances, then ample time is dedicated to tune the system to regain its stable performance. To improve the dynamic performance of the system intelligence-based techniques are proposed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional controllers. So, gain tuning process based on the intelligence system is a desirable choice. The statistical tools are used to proclaim the effectiveness of the controllers. The obtained MSE, RMSE, ME,SDandRwere evaluated as 0.0015959, 0.039949, −0.00089838, 0.039941 and 1 in the training phase and 0.0015372, 0.039207, −0.0005657, 0.039203 and 1 in the testing phase, respectively. The results revealed that the ANFIS-PSO network model could accomplish a better DC voltage regulation performance when it is compared to the conventional PI. The proposed intelligence strategies confirm that the predicted DVR model based on NNT-ML and ANFIS has faster convergence speed and reliable prediction rate. Moreover, the simulation results show that the dynamic response is improved with proposed PSO based NNT based ML and ANFIS (Takagi-Sugeno) that significantly compensates the voltage based PQ issues. The proposed DVR is actualized in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform.
Modelling of hydrogen-air supersonic mixing and combustion in near-wall region
Authors: Solomatin Roman S. , Semenov Ilya V.
Published: April 2021

Turbulent mixing, ignition, and flame stabilization in the non-premixed supersonic hydrogen-air flow is numerically modelled in a near-wall region. Mixing algorithm based on the turbulence approach SARANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations closed with Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model) with a diffusion model and a detailed kinetic model for hydrogen-air chemical reactions are employed. The system of governing equations that consists of basic conservation laws and the turbulence model equation is solved in a coupled manner with the LU–SGS–GMRES method. The model is applied to simulate the process of hydrogen injection into a M = 2.44 air flow with their subsequent mixing, ignition, and combustion in the Burrows– Kurkov chamber. The results are compared to available experimental and reference computational data. All calculations are carried out on the ‘MVS-10P’ JSCC RAS supercomputer cluster.
Ein korpuslinguistischer Beitrag zu Herkunft und Entwicklung des negativen Indefinitumskein
Authors: Pickl Simon
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the origin and historical development of the German n-indefinitekein, which is an unusual negator because it does not share the initialnthat marks virtually all other negatives in German. Despite the discussion about its origins going back to the nineteenth century, it is still unclear howkeinfirst emerged and out of which other forms it developed. In this paper, new light is shed on an old controversy using new data and modern corpus-linguistic tools, in this case theReferenzkorpus Mittelhochdeutsch(ReM). The article first summarises the current state of research before presenting and analysing the data. In combination with additional evidence, the results show that certain hypotheses that have to this day been treated as accurate are in fact not viable. Subsequently, a solution that combines some of the existing theses and is compatible with the data is presented: Morphological reanalysis and the ensuing back-formation ofkein’s predecessornehein – in combination with a phonologically conditioned sound substitution triggered by a shift of the syllable boundary – in the context of negative concord seems the most likely candidate for an accurate explanation of the emergence and early usage patterns ofkeinin Middle High German. Incongruent evidence from Swiss German, however, suggests that partially convergent developments ensuing from different indefinite forms have taken place in that variety.
„Du rotziger Blasebalckemacherischer Dieb! Solst du mich dutzen?“ – Funktionen des Personalpronomensduin Gryphius’ „Peter Squentz“
Authors: Gillmann Melitta , Imo Wolfgang
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the variations and functions of the deictic address pronoundu(you) in the satirical Baroque drama “Absurda Comica. Oder Herr Peter Sequentz” written by Andreas Gryphius. Two types of address forms dominate in the drama, which vary in a highly systematic way. The most common one is the honorific formihr‘you’, which appears in addresses to humans of equal social status among both craftsmen and nobles. The more intimate pronoundumainly occurs when the characters address themselves, their body parts or feelings and deities. Even lovers use the polite pronounihr; they switch todusolely when the beloved one is either absent or dead. In addition, there is a switch toduwhen the characters get into a quarrel, which illustrates the well-known connection of address pronouns to the expression of social deixis and politeness as well as the local, context-sensitive mechanisms of pronoun choice. Finally, generic uses ofduare restricted to proverbs in the drama.
Die Verschriftungen in der Dialekterhebung Friedrich Maurers in Baden und im Elsass als Evidenz für die Verbreitung der Standardlautung
Authors: Strobel Maj-Brit
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the development of lay transcriptions of base dialects within a period of 50 years in the early 20th century in the Upper Rhine area in Alsace and Baden. I argue that the spread of spoken standard German can be documented by the development of these transcriptions. In alignment with Ganswindt (2017), it is assumed that the still not widespread standard competence at the beginning of this period is reflected in ‚misspellings‘ in the transcriptions of the dialect, since the Standard German grapheme was associated with the phonetics of the regional standard. The lay transcriptions of the Upper German delabialization by the participating teachers from Friedrich Maurer’s indirect dialect survey from 1941 and the survey of the so-called Wenkeratlas from 1887/88 serve as data.

A place-by-place comparison via vector maps allows to localize variation patterns. It can be shown that the ‘misspellings’ – i. e. rounded variants in the area of delabialization – are scattered throughout the area and significantly decrease in time as the spoken German standard is spreading. This is especially the case in the area of Baden, where the amount of ‘misspellings’ diminishes from about 30–60 % to 5–30 %. In Alsace, on the other hand, the amount of ‘misspellings’ is generally much lower and consequently the decrease is as well. I argue that the reason for the difference between transcriptions from Baden and Alsace is to be found in the different repertoire structures with a diglossia with two written standard languages – French and German – in Alsace.
The Inhibitory Thermal Effects of Focused Ultrasound on an Identified, Single Motoneuron
Authors: Collins Morgan N. , Legon Wynn , Mesce Karen A.
Published: April 2021

Focused ultrasound (US) is an emerging neuromodulation technology that has gained much attention because of its ability to modulate, noninvasively, neuronal activity in a variety of animals, including humans. However, there has been considerable debate about exactly which types of neurons can be influenced and what underlying mechanisms are in play. Are US-evoked motor changes driven indirectly by activated mechanosensory inputs, or more directly via central interneurons or motoneurons? Although it has been shown that US can mechanically depolarize mechanosensory neurons, there are no studies that have yet tested how identified motoneurons respond directly to US and what the underlying mechanism might be. Here, we examined the effects of US on a single, identified motoneuron within a well-studied and tractable invertebrate preparation, the medicinal leech,Hirudo verbana. Our approach aimed to clarify single neuronal responses to US, which may be obscured in other studies whereby US is applied across a diverse population of cells. We found that US has the ability to inhibit tonic spiking activity through a predominately thermal mechanism. US-evoked effects persisted after blocking synaptic inputs, indicating that its actions were direct. Experiments also revealed that US-comparable heating blocked the axonal conduction of spontaneous action potentials. Finally, we found no evidence that US had significant mechanical effects on the neurons tested, a finding counter to prevailing views. We conclude that a non-sensory neuron can be directly inhibited via a thermal mechanism, a finding that holds promise for clinical neuromodulatory applications.
Diversification of mineralocorticoid receptor genes in a subterranean rodent, the naked mole-rat
Authors: Oka Kaori , Bono Hidemasa , Kuroiwa Asato , Fujioka Shusuke , Shimizu Atsushi , Katsu Yoshinao , Miura Kyoko
Published: April 2021

Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) inhabit subterranean burrows in savannas and are thus unable to access free water. To identify their mechanism of osmoregulation in xeric environments, we molecularly cloned and analyzed the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) gene, required for hormone-dependent regulation of genes contributing to body fluid homeostasis. Most vertebrates harbor a single MR homolog. In contrast, we discovered that MR is duplicated in naked mole-rats. The amino acid sequence of naked mole-rat MR1 is 90% identical to its mouse ortholog, and MR1 is abundantly expressed in the kidney and the nervous system. MR2 encodes a truncated protein lacking DNA- and ligand-binding domains of MR1 and is expressed in diverse tissues. Although MR2 did not directly transactivate gene expression, it increased corticosteroid-dependent transcriptional activity of MR1. Our results suggest that MR2 might function as a novel regulator of MR1 activity to fine-tune MR signaling in naked mole-rats.
Current applications of SCNT in advanced breeding and genome editing in livestock
Authors: Galli Cesare , Lazzari Giovanna
Published: April 2021

SCNT (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer) has complemented the toolbox of ARTs offering yet another technique to reproduce animals in an unprecedented way. Despite remarkable achievements, SCNT suffers of low efficiency, high pregnancy losses and higher than normal stillbirth rates that makes it an expensive technique to reproduce animals. Moreover, due to welfare issues associated with gestation and the newborn offspring, it is banned in some countries. It has become evident that these problems are of epigenetic nature associated with incomplete genome reprogramming, observed more frequently in ruminants and less often and of minor degree in pigs and horses. Genome editing is enormously benefiting from SCNT to turn genome edited cells into animals, even if zygote microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 will become an alternative route in some occasions. SCNT will also be a route to reprogram somatic cell to pluripotency since bona fide iPSC in livestock are missing while embryonic stem cells have been now established. This opens the way to other technologies like the development of artificial gametes or interspecies nuclear transfer. To strengthen its commercial applications, SCNT will face three major challenges, i.e. intellectual property (extremely unclear in genome editing), regulatory approval by the relevant authorities of the potential products resulting and finally acceptance by the public who will eventually decide with its behavior the life or the death of the technology.
The Reasons of Emigration of Russians from Lithuania: Research Overview, Analysis of Press and Interview Data
Authors: Marcinkevičius Andrius , Frėjutė-Rakauskienė Monika
Published: April 2021

The causes of the emigration of the members of the Russian ethnic minority from Lithuania in the last two decades are analyzed in the article. There is a lack of official statistics about the scale (numbers) and reasons for the emigration of ethnic minority groups from Lithuania. Therefore, the qualitative data analysis of Lithuanian press in the Russian language and interviews with informants of Russian nationality is presented in the article. The qualitative data analysis allows to look at the aspects on emigration from the Russian ethnic minority group perspective. The topics of articles about emigration and emigration aspects reflected in informants’ interviews are analyzed. It is considered how emigration of Russians from Lithuania is related to socio-economic, socio-psychological and other factors important to the country’s development.
Sexual Harassment Experience, Gender Harassment and Body Objectification Effect on Disordered Eating Tendencies
Authors: Aleksė Monika , Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė Kristina
Published: April 2021

Various research on sexual harassment and gender harassment confirms the adverse effects on a person's physical and emotional health (Shrier, 1990), but so far, little is known about the impact of sexual harassment and gender harassment on one's body objectification and links to disordered eating behavior. Sexual harassment and gender harassment are not only based on gender stereotypes but also play an essential role in supporting gender norms in society by regulating what is seen as acceptable and unacceptable behavior, and appearance for gender. According to the theory of body objectification (Fredrickson, Roberts, 1997), both forms of gender discrimination can induce attention to one's body and appearance, which ultimately can lead to reduced satisfaction of one's body (Szymanski et al. 2011). Since body dissatisfaction is one of the leading causes of eating disorders (Brechan, Kvalem, 2015; Cruz-Sáez et al. 2018), it is important to have a better understanding of sexual harassment and gender harassment relationship with body objectification and disordered eating behavior. The study aims to assess the relationships between sexual harassment and gender harassment experiences, body-objectification, and disordered eating behavior tendencies. 181 (23 males, 158 females) aged 18-38 (M=24.12) participated in this research. Sexual Harassment Experience Questionnaire (Fitzgerald et al. 1998) was used to measure both Unwanted Sexual Attention (Cronbach α – 0,893) and Quid Pro Quo sexual harassment (Cronbach α – 0,876), and Gender Harassment experience (Cronbach α – 0,868). Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (McKinley et al. 1996) was used to measure body objectification: Body Shame (Cronbach α – 0,825) and Body Surveillance (Cronbach α – 0,804).  The Eating Attitudes Test (Garner et al. 1979) was used to evaluate disordered eating behavior tendencies: Dieting (Cronbach α – 0,924), Bulimia and Food Preoccupation (Cronbach α – 0,725) and Oral Control (Cronbach α – 0,714). The results revealed significant sexual harassment and gender harassment experience differences between genders showing that women report significantly higher results of all forms of sexual harassment and gender harassment than men. Data analysis also revealed a statistically significant relationship between higher results of sexual harassment, gender harassment experience, and more pronounced disordered eating tendencies and higher body objectification. Data analysis has shown that gender harassment experience is a significant prognostic factor for higher body surveillance and body shame results, more frequent dieting.
The Relevance of Dostoevsky
Authors: Zakharov Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The year 2021 marks the 200th anniversary of Dostoevsky’s birth and the 140th anniversary of his immortality. Literary anniversaries became a part of the Russian culture relatively recently. The celebration is usually held in memory of those who had already found eternity. The attempt to celebrate the tercentenary of Shakespeare (1864) and the centenary of Pushkin’s birth in 1899 marked the beginning of a new cultural tradition. The dates of literary anniversaries in the 20th century reflect the struggle between these trends: birthdays are gradually replacing memorial days. Anniversaries tend to be an occasion not only for understanding a writer’s significance in the modern world, but also for analyzing the trends and prospects of studying their legacy. The article provides an overview of the past anniversaries of Dostoevsky in Russia and an analysis of several articles from the first issue of The Unknown Dostoevsky journal for 2021. The special feature of Dostoevsky’s bicentennial anniversary is the competition held by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) “Sources and methods in the study of the legacy of F. M. Dostoevsky in Russian and world culture” (2018–2021), which resulted in the support of 28 projects by leading Russian scientists. They will result in the publication of an unprecedented corpus of studies on Dostoevsky’s biography, philosophy, creativity, textual criticism and poetics. In post-Soviet Russia, the gap between Dostoevsky studies and mass consciousness, science and education is apparent. Moreover, technologies to counteract Dostoevsky’s influence on the modern Russian person are still operating. Reading and studying Dostoevsky remains the privilege of philologists, whose number in Russian universities has been drastically reduced with no prospects of the development of continuous humanitarian education. Nevertheless, despite influential opponents, Dostoevsky represents Russia, the Karamazovs are the most famous Russian surname, and today, just like 150 years ago, the prophet and apostle Dostoevsky conveys the word of truth and veracity to the world.
Enhancing the supply and self-sufficiency of animal protein for local population through artificial propagation of African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Tine Mbaye
Published: April 2021

The African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 is the second most farmed fish species in Senegal due to its high fecundity, good growth performance and tolerance of a wide range environmental condition. Despite its economic importance, much remains to be done to improve the production of the species under controlled conditions. The main objective of this study was to implement a suitable method for seed production to meet the increasing demand for fish through the induction of C. gariepinus spawning by hormonal injection using ovaprim and pituitary gland extracts of C. gariepinus. The experiments were independently conducted in three different locations in Senegal: National Aquaculture Agency (ANA) hatchery (Kolda, Kolda), the National Agency for Agricultural Integration and Development (ANIDA) fish farm (Maraye village, Dagana, Saint-Louis) and SENAQUA farm (Tille Bobou, Khombol, Thiès). The results of hormonal induction with ovaprim (dose: 0.5ml/kg of female body weight) stimulated evolution, with 122,500, 150,000 and 15,000 eggs for the ANA, ANIDA and SENAQUA experiments, respectively. The induction with pituitary gland extracts did not, however, provoke female ovulation, probably due to the low dose of hormone contained in these extracts. The hatching rate of the three localities was 60% (73,500 larvae), 30% (45,000 larvae) and 48% (72,000 larvae), respectively. An average growth of 0.25cm/d was recorded for the ANA larvae that were fed exclusively with zooplankton from the third day after hatching, with an alternation of artificial food and zooplankton on the sixth day and with artificial food only on the fourteenth day. However the larvae in this locality had a very high mortality rate of 95%. The mortality rate was also extremely high at ANIDA (96%) where larvae were fed with artemia the second day after hatching throughout the first week, and at SENAQUA farm (98%) where larvae were exclusively fed with dry artificial food (exogenous) from the third day, which corresponds to the resorption of the yolk sac. The high larval mortalities recorded in this study may be due the diet and/or poor water quality in the rearing tanks. These parameters are crucial for the success of larval breeding of C. gariepinus. Based on these results, we suggest increasing by 2 to 3 pituitaries/female and see the effect of this increase on C. gariepinus ovulation.We therefore recommend monitoring breeding conditions after hatching and feeding the larvae with an appropriate diet, preferentially with live food to obtain a better yield, which could help improve production and open other perspectives for the development of aquaculture in Senegal.
In-Vitro Silanization of Dental Enamel to Prevent Demineralization
Authors: Gutiérrez-Camacho José R. , Aguilera-Galavíz Luis Alejandro , Sánchez-Balderas G. , Palestino Gabriela , Zavala-Alonso Norma Verónica , Gaitán-Fonseca César
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Caries is a multifactorial disease that can negatively affect dental tissues through the demineralization process, which produces acids deriving from the metabolism of carbohydrates. Some strategies to prevent this process have been proposed, such as topical fluoride application, resin-based restorations, pit and fissures sealers, infiltrated resins, vaccines, mouthwashes, and several brushing techniques. Objective. To evaluate in vitro enamel hydrophobic modification as a method of prevention against demineralization. Materials and Methods. A descriptive and comparative study was carried out. Thirty premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were obtained, encapsulated in epoxy resin, sectioned, and sanded to obtain specimens 3mm in thickness. The samples were pretreated with NaOCl and EDTA, incubated with 1 and 4% octadeyltrichlorosilane (OTS) or with 3 and 6% octadecyltriethoxysilane (TEOS) for 5min and for 8h. Subsequently, the samples were immersed in citric acid for 2 months. The samples were analyzed by their contact angle, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic and confocal force, before and after treatment in citric acid. Results. The samples coated with 1 and 4% OTS for 5min and 8h kept the silanizing agent on their surface after 2 months in citric acid. The treatment with TEOS was only effective at 6% with a reaction time of 5min. Conclusions. The modification with 1 and 4% OTS protects the surface of the tooth enamel from demineralization in acidic medium. The results indicate that treatment with 4% OTS is effective from 5min, which makes it appropriate in clinical practice.
Sacrosanctity or Duty? The Reception of Beethoven’s Fidelio in the Context of the Cultural-Political Situation in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century in Pressburg
Authors: Laslavíková Jana
Published: April 2021

Staging Beethoven’s Fidelio in the second half of the nineteenth century in Pressburg drew on a long- standing Beethoven tradition prevalent in the town. Also, it stood at the center of protests against the growing influence of Hungarian theater in the newly constructed theater building since Fidelio was performed always at a time when the renewal of an agreement with a German-speaking director was being decided on (1889, 1892, 1895). The opera was staged with the participation of the choral societies and musical associations of the town. Its performances were held close to the annual festive masses of the most well-known association of Pressburg, the Church Music Association of St. Martin’s Cathedral (Germ. Kirchenmusikverein bei der Dom-, Kollegiats- und Stadtpfarrkirche zu St. Martin, Hung. Szent Márton Pozsonyi Egyházi Zeneegylet), where Beethoven’s Missa solemnis was performed. This enhanced the efforts of the supporters of the German theater to call Beethoven’s œuvre a carrier of “true art” and humanism and use it as a symbol of cultural identity in the discussions led about preserving the German season in the Municipal Theater (Germ. Stadttheater, Hung. Városi Színház).
Beethoven’s Anniversary in Sarajevo in 1927
Authors: Hadžić Fatima
Published: April 2021

In 1927, Europe marked the centennial of the death of one of its greatest composers, Ludwig van Beet ho­ ven. At the same time, Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) was building the foundations of its musical institutions and trying to follow up with the more advanced cultural centers of the new state, Zagreb, Ljubljana, and Belgrade. The main feature of Bosnian musical life of the time (1918–1941) pertains to the establishment of the new musical institutions such as the National Theater (Narodno pozorište) and the Sarajevo Philharmonic Orchestra (Sarajevska filharmonija), the fundamental institutions of musical culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina even today. This paper aims at providing an insight into the presence of Beethoven’s works in concert repertoires in Sarajevo (1918–1941), especially of the Sarajevo Philharmonic Orchestra but also to point out the special occasion of Beethoven’s anniversary in 1927. The Sarajevo Philharmonic Orchestra was the only musical institution of this kind, and the most important musical society for the development of musical culture of the time; consequently, the research is based on the analysis of the society’s concert repertoire and reviews from the daily newspapers.
Article 13 on social media and news media: disintermediation and reintermediation on the modern media landscape
Authors: Moreno José , Sepúlveda Rita
Published: April 2021

The former Article 13 (now Article 17) of the European directive on copyright and the internet (Directive EC2019/790) has been under negotiations since 2016 and was finally approved in 2019. In Portugal, however, the issue was mostly absent from public scrutiny and debate until November 2018. In that month, the issue arose to a prominent level, both in news media and in social media, following a wave of alerts issued by various young youtubers, incentivized by YouTube management. In this paper, we engage in the discussion concerning disintermediation, studying the way in which such alerts spread both in news media and social media, and understanding the role played by the users of social media platforms in modelling the social relevance and the social discourse of the issue of copyright and the internet. To do so, we used digital methods, collecting and analysing data from Twitter, YouTube and from online news media, mapping Article 13 discussions and identifying key actors in each field, as well as the connections between them. The results show that the ease of access provided by platforms such as Twitter or YouTube converts some users to prominent influencers and that, in some cases, those influencers are able to shift and model the public discourse about relevant collective issues.
The Atlántida of Capitalism. The murals of Sert in the decorative programme of New York’s Rockefeller Center
Authors: Latorre-Izquierdo Jorge , Jiménez-González Marcos , Cannon Clare-Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

New York’s Rockefeller Center is one of most symbolically rich places in the world, although few of its millions of visitors stop to reflect on what its images of power really mean. In the form of an Atlantean mythological allegory, Rockefeller Center was conceived as symbolic propaganda for capitalist, liberal values implicit in both the ‘American Dream’ and the ideology espoused by the Rockefeller family. It embodies the utopia of progress and science that promotes the freedom of the individual and the free movement of capital. Due to ideological clashes –or the vagaries of fate– the Catalan José María Sert was the artist to ultimately complete the most eloquent mural in the main building, a mural which had formerly been painted by Diego de Rivera, and entitled Man at the Crossroads. Sert was a muralist who had previously worked on the scenographic illustration of Manuel de Falla’s Atlántida, capturing some of the motifs that inspired that great cantata based on poetic texts by Jacint Verdaguer. That earlier work is reflected in the lobby of Rockefeller Center’s main building. While Diego de Rivera’s censored frescoes have been studied prolifically, little attention has been paid to Sert’s paradoxical reading of the same subjects. In this article, we analyse the history of the Atlantean Mediterranean literary myth in relation to Spain, the use John D. Rockefeller Jr. made of them in his emblematic urbanistic ensemble, and also the peculiar reading that the Catalan muralist made of these themes of Atlantis in relation to capitalism.
Food brands, YouTube and Children: Media practices in the context of the PAOS self-regulation code
Authors: Tur-Viñes Victoria , Castelló-Martínez Araceli
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study is to analyze media practices involving food content on YouTube in terms of the self-regulatory framework established by the PAOS code, which was originally designed for television. The study considers content created and disseminated by two different sources: food brands and child YouTuber channels. We conducted an exploratory qualitative-quantitative study based on a content analysis of videos posted in 2019 on the most viewed YouTube channels in Spain (Socialblade, 2019). The final sample included 211 videos (29h 57m) divided into two subsamples: the official channels of 13 Spanish food brands (82 videos), and 15 Spanish child YouTuber channels (129 videos). The study has facilitated information on nine dimensions: (1) adherence to regulations and ethical standards, (2) nutrition education and information, (3) identification of advertising, (4) presence of risk, (5) clarity in the presentation of the product and in the language used, (6) pressure selling, (7) promotions, giveaways, competitions, and children’s clubs, (8) support and promotion through characters and programs and (9) comparative presentations. The main findings reveal the experimental nature of videos featuring food brands that are posted on YouTube for child audiences, especially videos broadcast on the channels of child YouTubers, who post content without an ethical strategy sensitive to their target audience. The lack of compliance with the basic requirement of identifying the video as advertising underscores the urgent need to adapt existing legal and ethical standards to these new formulas of commercial communication.
Shade recognition of the color label based on the fuzzy clustering
Authors: Bobyr Maxim , Arkhipov Alexander , Yakushev Aleksey
Published: April 2021

In this article the task of determining the current position of pneumatic actuators is considered. The solution to the given task is achieved by using a technical vision system that allows to apply the fuzzy clustering method to determine in real time the center coordinates and the displacement position of a color label located on the mechatronic complex actuators. The objective of this work is to improve the accuracy of the moving actuator’s of mechatronic complex by improving the accuracy of the color label recognition. The intellectualization of process of the color shade recognition is based on fuzzy clustering. First, a fuzzy model is built, that allows depending on the input parameters of the color intensity for each of the RGB channels and the color tone component, to select a certain color in the image. After that, the color image is binarized and noise is suppressed. The authors used two defuzzification models during simulation a fuzzy system: one is based on the center of gravity method (CoG) and the other is based on the method of area ratio (MAR). The model is implemented based on the method of area ratio and allows to remove the dead zones that are present in the center of gravity model. The method of area ratio determines the location of the color label in the image frame. Subsequently, when the actuator is moved longitudinally, the vision system determines the location of the color label in the new frame. The color label position offset between the source and target images allows to determine the moved distance of the color label. In order to study  how noise affects recognition accuracy, the following digital filters were used: median, Gaussian, matrix and binomial. Analysis of the accuracy of these filters showed that the best result was obtained when using a Gaussian filter. The estimation was based on the signal-to-noise coefficient. The mathematical models of fuzzy clustering of color label recognition were simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Experimental studies of technical vision system performance with the proposed fuzzy clustering model were carried out on a pneumatic mechatronic complex that performs processing, moving and storing of details. During the experiments, a color label was placed on the cylinder, after which the cylinder moved along the guides in the longitudinal direction. During the movement, video recording and image recognition were performed. To determine the accuracy of color label recognition, the PSNR and RMSE coefficients were calculated which were equal 38.21 and 3.14, respectively. The accuracy of determining the displacement based on the developed model for recognizing color labels was equal 99.7%. The defuzzifier speed has increased to 590 ns.
Competências Essenciais ao Terapeuta Cognitivo-Comportamental
Authors: Scotton Isabela Lamante , Barletta Janaína Bianca , Neufeld Carmem Beatriz
Published: April 2021

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura latino-americana acerca de quais são as competências essenciais para um terapeuta cognitivo-comportamental, visto que as pesquisas na região são escassas e o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais fortalece a prática clínica. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico por meio do mapeamento do que se tem publicado nas bases de dados PsycINFO, LILACS, SciELO e PePSIC. Foram incluídos na síntese qualitativa final oito artigos. As competências essenciais foram categorizadas em competências analíticas, sociais, instrumentais e de autoconhecimento e autorreflexão. Entre os principais achados estão as competências essenciais descritas nos artigos. Dentre estas, considera-se que a maior contribuição foi em relação às competências sociais, como uma competência inespecífica ou geral, necessária a todas as psicoterapias independentemente da orientação teórica de base. O presente estudo visou contribuir com a temática, visto que os estudos em âmbito nacional e latino-americano são escassos.
Adaptive Market Hypothesis and Return Predictability: A Hidden Markov Model Application in Borsa Istanbul
Authors: BURHAN Hasan Arda , ACAR Eylem
Published: April 2021

The adaptive market hypothesis (AMH) has recently attracted significant interest in the financial literature. The AMH has started to be considered an alternative to the efficient market hypothesis. In this respect, this study, first of all, examines the AMH for the BIST100 index of Turkey’s Borsa Istanbul stock exchange market by testing the return predictability. The applications are performed via automatic portmanteau and the generalized spectral (GS) tests using daily closing price data between January 1988 and December 2017. Secondly, the results of these tests are utilized for a hidden Markov model (HMM) application to examine the periods that yield return predictability. According to the results, it is observed that there is strong evidence for the validity of AMH within the scope of Borsa Istanbul’s BIST100. Additionally, the results of the HMM application confirm the periodic predictability regarding the determinants of the index.
Application of control units VAZM-2U in ore grinding
Authors: Kuzyakov A. V. , Zhidovetskiy V. D.
Published: April 2021

This paper considers the results of research work aimed at developing control systems to control ore grinding processes that would be compatible with the control unit VAZM-2U developed by Soyuztsvetmetavtomatika. The underlying principle concerning the unit is that grinding of ores with different mineralogical compositions is governed by the same common regularities in correlation between the physical processes that develop in grinding circuits and the defining process parameters. A grinding mill is fed with ore that has varying physical and mechanical properties, and this can lead to accumulation of material in the mill. Indicators of the probable overload condition include mill vibration level and active power draw of the mill drive motor. The point at which the overload condition has arrived is determined by analyzing active power draw and reverse vibration trends. It is demonstrated that a mill overload condition may take place in those time intervals when both the vibration level and the active power draw of the mill motor fall. In this case the VAZM-2U unit calculates a correction command for the ore flow rate regulator, and this way the overload condition is overcome while the ore feed rate returns to the initial value. The VAZM-2U unit can also help reach the maximum output of the overflow product from a spiral classifier avoiding overgrinding, with the finest material being monitored. The unit can also determine the underflow flow rate in the spiral classifier while adjusting this parameter within a given range of allowable values. The underflow flow rate is estimated with the help of an adaptive mathematical model, which can be utilized in closed-loop grinding circuits that include classifiers. The ore grinding control algorithms implemented in the VAZM-2U unit can be modified to be applicable for milling and flotation control.
Flotation of Vostok-2 skarn scheelite sulphide ore with modifiers
Authors: Shepeta E. D. , Samatova L. A. , Ignatkina V. A. , Korzh V. R.
Published: April 2021

This paper describes the results of a study that looked at different reagent regimes of flotation of scheelite skarn ores with soda, sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulphide. According to published research data, these regimes of selective recovery scheelite from Skarn ores of Portuguese and Chinese deposits as an alternative to Petrov method. The results of studying the changes of the optical density of water glass in mixing with soda, sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide at different temperatures are presented. Gelation of water glass is observed in a mixture of soda or sodium bicarbonate. The authors were studied the floatability of calcium minerals of scheelite sulphide ore by combined depressants (water glass and sodium sulphide), their dose (0–11.4 kg/t) and proportions (0.7 to 8), as well as the duration of conditioning at the Laboratory of Primorsky Concentrating Plant (PCP). In the course of research, it was established that a high dose of soda and sodium bicarbonate in the scheelite rougher flotation cycle determines a 2- to 6-times higher yield of rough scheelite concentrate with a 1.8-times lower WO3 enrichment ratio. A rise in the water dose to 1.4 kg/t in the rougher flotation cycle led to the recovery of scheelite falling to 30.4–41%, with the WO3 concentrate quality being 22.78–50.5%, corres pondingly. No commercial quality was reached when scheelite concentrate was subjected to heat treatment in a sodium sulphide (43–62 kg/t) and alkaline environment (рН 13) without water glass. Addition of 3.3 kg/t of water glass to sodium sulphide helped raise the quality of scheelite concentrate after three cleaner flotation to 54% WO3 and the recovery of scheelite was 68.4% only. A recovery of more than 82% of commercial grade scheelite concentrate (WO3 > 50%) was reached when running in standard mode using Petrov method of heat treatment. Application of the above processes, which demonstrated high performance in relation to scheelite ores taken from Skarn deposits of Portuguese and Chinese, to samples of Skarn scheelite sulphide ores from Far Eastern deposits, did not prove successful. The authors would like to thank the Research Laboratory of PCP for support with lab studies.
Processing of gold-antimony concentrates
Authors: Markelov A. V. , Falin K. M. , Puchkina V. A. , Titova A. N.
Published: April 2021

This paper describes the results of a study that looked at processing of goldantimony concentrates with selective extraction of antimony and gold as commodities. The common global practice of processing antimony sulphide concentrates (20–30% Sb) is based on alkaline sulphide leaching followed by precipitation of metallic antimony by electrowinning. However, application of this technique to process sulphide concentrates that, apart from antimony, also contain gold, can be difficult as, together with antimony, up to 10–15% of gold can leach to the solution. It takes a special process during final refining of cathode antimony to recover that gold. This paper describes a process that involves two stages of atmospheric leaching of antimony. The gold that leached to the solution is precipitated with zinc after the first stage of antimony leaching. Together with atmospheric leach tailings, it then goes to the pressure oxidation unit. This process helps oxidize the rest of the sulphides and release refractory gold. The resultant cake is processed following a standard sorption cyanidation technique. The paper looks at the antimony leaching rate and the rate at which gold leaches to the solution during this process. The paper describes the results of selective precipitation of gold from gold-antimony solutions and highlights certain features of this process. A series of tests was conducted to test the techniques of pressure oxidation of atmospheric leach tailings and cyanidation of the residue. The paper also describes a process that was developed for processing of goldantimony concentrates and precipitation of antimony and gold. An antimony recovery exceeding 90–95% can be achieved when using this process. At the same time, the percent of dissolved gold can be reduced from 10–15 tо 1–3%.