bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When you have too many features: Auxiliaries, agreement and clitics in Italian varieties
Authors: D'Alessandro Roberta
Published: May 2017

Syntactic variation can be ascribed to a range of factors. The Borer-Chomsky conjecture, as Mark Baker (2008) refers to it, states for instance that all parameters of variation are attributable to differences in the features of particular items (e.g. functional heads) in the lexicon. In this paper, this hypothesis is carefully considered in relation to a group of Abruzzese dialects that exhibit three seemingly unrelated syntactic patterns: split auxiliary selection, split differential object marking, and omnivorous participial agreement in number/argumental agreement mismatch marking. It will be proposed that these three patterns are closely interrelated, and can be attributed to the presence of an unvalued bundle of φ-features (π). Depending on which XP this head is merged with, different agreement patterns will emerge. Furthermore, these dialects will be shown to differ from another macrogroup of northern Italian dialects purely in the locus of Merge of this extra functional head: it will also be shown that the almost perfect areal complementary distribution between languages with subject clitics and languages with person-driven auxiliary selection is not accidental, but is the result of the presence of an extra φ-probe doubling the features of the subject in different parts of the syntactic spine. A microtypology of v will be presented, unifying many phenomena that were previously considered unrelated, such as auxiliary selection, participial agreement, differential object marking and subject clitics.
More appositives in heaven and earth than are dreamt of in your Linguistics
Authors: Del Gobbo Francesca
Published: May 2017

In this paper I lay out a proposal for a typology of appositive relative clauses. By studying the characteristics of appositive relative clauses in five languages (Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, French, Italian and English), I identify three types of appositive relative clauses: non-integrated, semi-integrated and (fully)-integrated. The empirical investigation leads to the following findings: 1. Mandarin Chinese and Japanese appositive relative clauses belong to the class of fully integrated appositives; 2. English appositive relative clauses are diametrically different from the fully integrated ones. I classify them as non-integrated appositives; 3. Italian and French have two types of appositives: semi-integrated and non-integrated; 4. Reduced relative clauses can also be appositive: if pre-nominal, they are fully integrated; if post nominal, they are semi-integrated.The empirical data is accounted for by a proposal that is based on the following elements: 1. the syntax of non-integrated and semi-integrated appositive relative clauses involves a CommaP projection and/or a ForceP projection; fully integrated appositives lack both of these projections; 2. the non-integrated appositives’ relative pronoun is E-type; 3. the syntax of prenominal appositive relative clauses prevents them from licensing an overt relative pronoun, and therefore an E-type pronoun; 4. the CommaP triggers the intonational break at PF and, following Koev (2013) in spirit, it introduces a variable for the content of the constituents in its scope, thereby preventing such constituents from being bound from operators and quantifiers in the host clause. The empirical data analyzed and the account proposed leave us with an interesting fine-grained typology of appositives, thereby confirming a trend in the research on appositives pointing to the conclusion that we are dealing with a more variegated set of constructions than previously thought.
Ejercicios de estilo: la realidad alucinante de Centroamérica en la narrativa de Sergio Ramírez
Authors: Aguirre Aragón Erick
Published: May 2017

EL ARTÍCULO RECORRE LA OBRA DE Sergio Ramírez para explorar la forma en que utiliza la “realidad real” como materia prima de sus textos. Resalta la referencia permanente que hace el autor a determinados contextos y personajes históricos concretamente ubicables. El autor demuestra cómo, en la obra de Ramírez, es visible una voluntad de disolución de las fronteras entre lo real y lo fantástico, entre la Historia y la ficción.
Recurrence of a de-differentiated liposarcoma of the colon
Authors: Hennessy Mairead M. , O’Connell John E. , Kearney David E. , Andrews Emmet J.
Published: May 2017

We present the case of a 56-year-old gentleman who presented with non specific malaise, myalgia and anorexia. Clinical examination revealed a large circumscribed palpable mass in the left iliac fossa. He underwent an intraabdominal pelvic biopsy, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of abdominal wall and Positron Emmission Tomography (PET). Differential diagnoses included Gastro Intestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) and sarcoma. He underwent a laparotomy and excision of the lesion. Histological analysis of the lesion demonstrated a dedifferentiated liposarcoma involving the colon and adjacent pericolic fat. Margins were clear and there was no nodal involvement. He declined adjuvant chemotherapy. He subsequently developed a local recurrence, which was deemed unresectable. He commenced chemotherapy but continued to deteriorate. He received palliative treatment and died 6 months following his initial surgery.
A comparison of clinical trial and model-based cost estimates in glaucoma – The case of repeat laser trabeculoplasty In Ontario
Authors: Akhtar A. Omar , Martin Janet , Zaric Greg S. , Si Francie , Hutnik Cindy M.L. , Hodge William G.
Published: May 2017

Economic evaluations of glaucoma interventions require accurate costs in addition to effectiveness data. However, the impact of different costing methods on cost estimates has not been investigated. Direct cost estimates alongside clinical trials may be labour-intensive and expensive, modelled cost using literature sources and institutional experience may be an alternative. We investigated modeled and directly collected costs of a trial comparing argon- and selective-laser trabeculoplasty (ALT and SLT) among glaucoma patients at St. Joseph’s Health Care in London, ON between 2013 and 2014, also comparing ministry and societal perspectives and cost drivers. Model and trial cost estimates differed minimally for the ministry perspective (8% and 4% for ALT and SLT) despite differences in modeled and observed parameter values and treatment pathways. Labour accounted for 90% of total cost. Costs were similar for the societal perspective although there was sensitivity to assumptions regarding patient time loss. Indirect costs were at least as large as direct medical costs. Modeled costs were an acceptable substitute for directly measured costs in this scenario.
A Study on Creating Agriculture International Brands by Industrialization: The Case of “Guanxi Pomelo” in China
Authors: Lin Xuejun , Huang Jing , Li Xiaohong , Gong Yuchen
Published: May 2017

Since the 21st century, brand has become one of the most important competitive factors in the agricultural trade area. Under the precious chance of “One Belt And One Road”, to strengthen brand building will be promising in trade promotion and the competition of Chinese agricultural products. In the case of “Guanxi Pomelo”, this paper concentrates on the strategy study of the building of international agricultural brand in China. Proceeding from the present situation of brand building of “Guanxi Pomelo in Pinghe”, the article analyzes what industrialization problems constraint its brand building. Besides, the factors influencing the building of “Guanxi Pomelo” are assessed through Analytic Hierarchy Process. And accordingly several necessary measures are put forward specifically, in order to provide the reference and advice for the building of international agricultural product brand in China, including developing agricultural industrialization management, strengthening technological innovation, strengthening the brand maintenance and publicity, and emphasizing the role of government and industry associations to guide development. Ultimately, wish some useful methods could be done to promote China's agricultural products to create international brands and improve the competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products by means of the analysis.
Determinants of Choice of Management Control System in Cameroonian SMEs: A Contingency Approach
Authors: Mayegle François-Xavier , Nguidjol Solange Ngo
Published: May 2017

This is, from a survey of 232 Cameroonian SMEs, to understand and highlight the levers that SME managers rely to choose their business management control system. The successful theoretical framework is the contingency theory. It allows to highlight a number of factors explaining the choice of the management control system in SMEs: the perceived uncertainty of the environment, strategic positioning and leadership style of the CEO; and give a sense of the impact of each factor on the different operating modes of the management control system.
Study of Strategies for Technological Factors to Be Involved in Income Distribution
Authors: Li Liqun
Published: May 2017

With comprehensive development of the knowledge economy and the information economy, scientific and technological progresses have become the determinant factor of social and economic development. Many countries are making an all-out effort in developing technology industry and enterprises, fully arouse the enthusiasm and creativity of technology owners and make them the backbone force for the national economy and social development. Being the main driving force for the implementation of scientific and technological achievements, scientific and technological talents are very important links which shall never be overlooked. Only by rational and correct income distribution system as well as innovative and effective incentive model can the initiatives and creativity of scientific and technological talents be truly aroused. This article analyzed the necessity of technological factors being involved in income distribution and raised feasible suggestions regarding the implementation mechanism of the said involvement.
Energy and tannin extract supplementation for dairy cows on annual winter pastures
Authors: Alves Tiago Pansard , Dias Kamila Maciel , Dallastra Lucélia Janes Hans , Fonseca Bibiana Lima , Ribeiro-Filho Henrique Mendonça Nunes
Published: May 2017

Energy supplementation can increase the consumption of metabolizable energy and substrate for microbial growth, while condensed tannins aid in increasing the duodenal flow of foodborne metabolizable proteins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of energy supplementation and the inclusion of tannin extract (TE) from Acacia mearnsii (Weibull Black, Tanac S. A., Montenegro, Brazil) on the production performance of dairy cows grazing on winter pastures. Nine multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation were distributed in a 3 × 3 Latin square experimental design over three periods of 28 days (21 adaptation and 7 sampling). The treatments were: without supplementation (WS), supplementation with 4 kg of corn grain (CG), and corn grain + 80 g of tannin extract (TE). The dry matter (DM) intake from pastures was similar among treatments, but the consumption of DM of the supplement was higher in the CG treatment than that in the TE treatment. The total DM intake was higher for the supplemented animals (17.3 kg?day-1) than that for the unsupplemented animals (14.9 kg?day-1) and in the TE treatment (17.7 kg?day-1) than in the CG treatment (16.7 kg day-1). Milk production increased from the unsupplemented to the supplemented animals (20.9 to 23.5 kg, respectively), while the content of urea N in the milk decreased (12.6 to 10.5 mg?100 mL-1, respectively). There were no differences in milk production or content of milk urea N between the CG and TE treatments. Energy supplementation is a tool for improving the nutritional profile and the performance of dairy cows in mid lactation grazing on annual winter pastures, while tannin extract aids in improving the energy balance.
Interpolation methods for thematic maps of soybean yield and soil chemical attributes
Authors: Betzek Nelson Miguel , Souza Eduardo Godoy de , Bazzi Claudio Leones , Sobjak Ricardo , Bier Vanderlei Artur , Mercante Erivelto
Published: May 2017

The application of precision agriculture considers the values of non-sampled places by the interpolation of sample data. The accuracy with which the maps of spatial distribution of yield and the soil attributes are produced in the interpolation process influences their application and utilization. This paper aimed to compare three interpolation methods (inverse of the distance, inverse of the square distance, and ordinary kriging) in the construction of thematic maps of soybean yield and soil chemical attributes. A set of data referred to 55 sampling units for the construction maps of soybean yield and of eight soil chemical attributes, by different interpolation methods. The comparison was made based on the error matrix, by calculating the Kappa and Tau indices, beyond the relative deviation coefficient (RDC). It was noticed that the inverse of the square distance was the interpolator that less influenced the data behavior, and the best interpolation method dependent of the variability of the studied attribute. The kriging and the inverse of the square distance were considered the methods that presented the best results in the interpolation of data.
Influence of electroacupuncture on the points BP6 and E36 regarding gastric motility in Wistar rats
Authors: Cavalcanti Guilherme Albuquerque de Oliveira , Cleff Marlete Brum , Silva Fábio Da Silva e , Schuch Luiz Filipe Dame , Ferrasso Marina De Mattos , Carapeto Luiz Paiva , Carnevali Taiane Rita
Published: May 2017

The study aimed to evaluate by radiographic examination the action of electroacupuncture on gastric motility in experimental animals. We used 24 Wistar rats, three months old, that received five metallic spheres, via orogastric tube (OT), with 2mL of barium contrast, followed by treatments: electroacupuncture points E36 and BP6 (T1); electroacupuncture in stitches (T2); sterile distilled water OT (T3); metoclopramide OT (T4). After treatment, serial radiographs, hourly, were made to follow the gastric emptying time of the spheres in rats. By analyzing the time of exit of the first sphere, animals in the group T1 had an average of 3h30min; at T2 the average was higher 6 hours; in T3 was 5h18min, and T4 showed an average of 4h36min. The action of electroacupuncture was comparable to the action of metoclopramide, which is know to increase peristalsis, whereas the response of the Shan group (T2) was close to the negative control group. Considering the results it was concluded that electroacupuncture at points predetermined significantly increases gastric peristalsis, reducing gastric emptying time in rats, may be an option for the treatment of motility disorders.
Adeleidea pseudoparasites in Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766 in Southern
Authors: Quadros Rosiléia Marinho de , Moura Anderson Barbosa de , Rodrigues Ruan Bruno , Antonelli Marzia , Veronezi Wilian Rafael
Published: May 2017

Carnivores may have very varied eating habits, including the consumption of insects free in the environment or within grains. The ingestion of these invertebrates is essential for the dispersion of some kinds of coccidia in nature, which occurs through stool. This study shows the presence of Adeleidae pseudoparasites in Cerdocyon thous faeces in Southern Brazil, as well as alerting veterinarians to the existence of spurious infections that may lead to misleading descriptions of new species in these hosts, or attribute wrongly the presence of these protozoa to illness symptoms.
Tricuspid valve dysplasia in a domestic feline: case report
Authors: Mantovani Matheus Matioli , Gimenes André Martins , Castro Jacqueline Ribeiro de , Goldfeder Guilherme Teixeira , Larsson Maria Helena Matiko Akao , Schwartz Denise Saretta
Published: May 2017

Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) is a congenital heart defect described in dogs and cats; however, in Brazil there are no reports of this condition in cats. Therefore, our goal was to report a case of TVD in a domestic cat. A four-year-old, female, domestic short hair cat that was seen at the Cardiology Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of São Paulo, for apathy, appetite loss and dyspnea for five days. During physical examination, dyspnea with a restrictive respiratory pattern due to pleural effusion was observed. Thoracocentesis was performed and 450 mL of serosanguineous fluid was drained. Two-dimensional echocardiography in the right parasternal short-axis plane at the level of the papillary muscles showed right ventricular dilatation and paradoxical septal motion. On the left parasternal apical four-chamber view, significant dilatation of the right chambers, loss of mobility of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and a thickened mural leaflet chordae with anomalous insertion were observed. Based on clinical and echocardiographic aspects, a diagnosis of TVD was given. Treatment was initiated with enalapril 0.5 mg/kg, furosemide 0.5 mg/kg and pimobendan 0.3 mg/kg every 12 hours, all per os. The patient experienced remission of clinical manifestations and survived for 50 days after diagnosis.
Physiology of ‘Paluma’ guava under irrigation with saline water and nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Silva Evandro Manoel da , Nobre Reginaldo Gomes , Souza Leandro De Pádua , Pinheiro Francisco Wesley Alves , Lima Geovani Soares de , Gheyi Hans Raj , Almeida Luana Lucas de Sá
Published: May 2017

The use of saline water in irrigation causes osmotic and toxic effects and nutritional imbalance in plants, leading to morphophysiological modifications in the leaves and compromising the production of photosynthetic pigments, which negatively reflects in the growth and development of the crops. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on the content of photosynthetic pigments and leaf morphophysiology of guava seedlings cv. ‘Paluma’ under nitrogen (N) fertilization. A randomized block design was used, testing five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1) and four N doses (541.1, 773.0, 1,004.9, and 1,236.8 mg of N dm-3 of soil) in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme with three replicates and five plants per plot. The contents of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of the guava seedlings cv. ‘Paluma’ were inhibited by the increase in irrigation water salinity at 190 days after emergence, and the salt stress was lessened with the N dose of 1,004.9 mg dm-3 up to an ECw level of 1.2 dS m-1. Leaf morphophysiology of guava seedlings was not compromised by irrigation water salinity up to 1.5 dS m-1, and the highest values were obtained in plants fertilized with 541.1 mg of N dm-3.
Graft incompatibility in Prunus spp. preceded by SPAD index reduction
Authors: Neves Tainá Rodrigues das , Mayer Newton Alex , Ueno Bernardo
Published: May 2017

This study aimed to measure the leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD 502 Plus) in three peach cultivars grafted on different clonal rootstocks, totaling 68 scion/rootstock combinations, between five and nine months after planting in the field to determine possible graft incompatibility symptoms in Prunus spp. Three field trials with peach scion cultivars ‘BRS-Kampai’, ‘Jade’, and ‘Maciel’ grafted on 18, 25, and 25 clonal rootstocks, respectively, were established in July and August 2014. Own-rooted scion trees (without rootstock) were used as controls in each trial and all rootstocks were propagated from herbaceous cuttings. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications and each plot consisting of a single plant. Three SPAD measurements were taken between January and April 2015. SPAD index values for rootstocks ‘Mirabolano 29C’ (P. cerasifera) and ‘Marianna 2624’ (P. cerasifera x P. munsoniana) were significantly lower in the three scion cultivars, culminating with tree death from graft incompatibility. Rootstocks ‘Mirabolano 29C’ and ‘Marianna 2624’ showed translocated graft incompatibility with scion cultivars BRS-Kampai, Jade, and Maciel and tree death was preceded by a reduction in SPAD index values five months after field planting. No reduction in SPAD index values was observed in the other scion/rootstock combinations nine months after planting, but these combinations should be monitored for a longer period to confirm their graft compatibility.
Biological and microbiological attributes in Oxisol managed with cover crops
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Ferreira da , Matsuoka Marcia , Bertollo Gilvan Moisés , De Marco Rudinei , Corassa Geomar Mateus , Scheid Douglas Leandro
Published: May 2017

The inclusion of winter cover crops and fertilization with nitrogen to the soil can have an effect on their biological and microbiological attributes. The aim of this study was to evaluate biological and microbiological attributes in soil under different winter cover crops and nitrogen doses. The experiment was conducted at the Frederico Westphalen-RS campus of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) in a Rhodic Hapludox soil. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial arrangement (2 x 10): 10 winter cover crops systems (Fallow [control], black oats, white oats, ryegrass, forage turnip, vetch, white lupine; black oat + forage turnip; black oat + vetch and black oat + vetch + fodder turnip), and two nitrogen rates in the form of urea applied in successive crops of beans common and maize, with four replications. We assessed the biological attributes (Margalef’s richness, Simpson’s dominance, Shannon’s diversity and abundance of organisms) and microbiological (carbon and nitrogen microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient and microbial quotient of the soil). The fallow with wild species and white lupine showed greater Simpson’s dominance and abundance of organisms due to the increase in the number of individuals of the order Collembola. Vetch improved the biological attributes of the soil with increase in Collembola abundance and diversity of organisms of soil fauna. The application of nitrogen favored the microbial biomass carbon and reduced the metabolic quotient.
Recent changes in agrarian systems of the Microregion of Toledo and Northern Pioneer Territory in Paraná State, Brazil
Authors: Soares Júnior Dimas , Pedelahore Philippe , Ralisch Ricardo , Cialdella Nathalie
Published: May 2017

During the period of 1950 through 2000, a green-revolution-based model mostly for commodities boosted global agricultural production. From the 70’s, this design became consolidated in Brazil and other countries because of policies and strategies by states and private groups. However, some doubts has been raised on its environmental and socioeconomic issues, in special for family farming. This study aimed to contribute by identifying changes and resistance in agricultural structures, systems and demographic aspects of this model and its adoption by farmers. It was carried out in the state of Paraná - Brazil, within the microregion of Toledo and in the northern pioneer area, which represent the history and diversity of this state about socioeconomic and human aspects, as well as technical development. It was based on statistics of agricultural censuses (1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1996 and 2006), population censuses (1970, 1980, 1991, 2000 and 2010) and municipal agricultural production data (1980-2012). Data from both areas were compared to each other and analyzed in face of state changes. There has been a decrease in farming properties and rural population, with an outstanding decline in the number of young people and women. Moreover, results showed a large reduction of properties with 20 to 50 ha, and an increase in those of up to 2 ha. Such decline is due to technological standard changes throughout the period, as well as recent grants offered to rural areas, as housing and leisure spaces. Both regions showed expansion of soybean plantations, but integrating distinctively to agriculture and, finally, family farming continuity, despite the intense changes.
Root growth of soybean cultivars under different water availability conditions
Authors: Franchini Julio Cezar , Balbinot Junior Alvadi Antonio , Debiasi Henrique , Nepomuceno Alexandre Lima
Published: May 2017

Vigorous growth of soybean root system is a desired trait in breeding programs. However, few studies have evaluated this feature under field conditions. The aim of this research was to evaluate root growth of eight soybean cultivars under different water availability conditions. The experiment was carried out in Londrina, Paraná state, Brazil, during two growing seasons - with and without water deficit during the vegetative period. Soybean roots were sampled at flowering and assessed for dry matter yield, area and length at 0-0.25; 0.25-0.50; 0.50-0.75 and 0.75-1.00 m depth ranges. On average, root length and area of the cultivars Embrapa 48 and BRS 284 under water deficit were 66% and 40% larger than the others at 0.25-0.50 and 0.50-0.75 m layers, respectively. Under suitable water supply, BRS 282 showed the highest root length and area. Apart from the cultivars Embrapa 48, BRS 284, and BRS 255RR, soybean root growth was mostly lower under water deficit throughout the vegetative stage, which might been due to a higher soil resistance to root penetration, resulting from low soil water content. Drought increased the proportion of soybean roots at subsoil layers, mainly for Embrapa 48 and BRS 284. The cultivars Embrapa 48 and BRS 284 are promising to be used in breeding programs targeting superior root growth in subsoil layers.
Gas exchange of citrus rootstocks in response to intensity and duration of saline stress
Authors: Barbosa Roberta Chaiene Almeida , Brito Marcos Eric Barbosa , Sá Francisco Vanies da Silva , Soares-Filho Walter Dos Santos , Fernandes Pedro Dantas , Silva Luderlândio De Andrade
Published: May 2017

Soil and water salinity cause physiological disorders in sensitive plants, such as altered gas exchange in citrus genotypes. However, it is possible to analyse these effects and to identify genotypes tolerant to salt stress. An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the tolerance of citrus genotypes considering the irrigation with saline water during rootstock formation. The study took place under greenhouse conditions in Pombal county, Paraiba, Brazil. A randomised block design was used, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme (5 x 8). The two factors were: [i] five salinity levels of irrigation water (0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1) and [ii] eight genotypes of citrus rootstocks: 1. ‘Rangpur Santa Cruz’ lime (LCRSTC); 2. common ‘Sunki’ mandarin (TSKC) x ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (CTSW) - 028; 3. TSKC x CTSW - 033; 4. TSKC x CTSW - 041; 5. ‘Volkamer’ lemon (LVK) x ‘Rangpur’ lime (LCR) - 038; 6. ‘Sunki of Florida’ mandarin (TSKFL); 7. TSKC and 8. ‘Florida’ rough lemon (LRF). Gas exchange was evaluated at 15, 30 and 60 days after the beginning of the saline water application. High water salinity reduces gas exchange in citrus genotypes, which was more evident at 15 days from the beginning of stress. The genotypes ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime, TSKC x CTSW - 041, LVK x LCR - 038 and ‘Florida’ rough lemon exhibit a satisfactory physiological behaviour during the first 30 days of exposure to the stress, showing moderate tolerance to salt stress. The genotypes TSKC x CTSW - 033 and common ‘Sunki’ mandarin are the most sensitive to salinity.
Antimicrobial multiple resistance index, minimum inhibitory concentrations, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris strains isolated from domestic animals with various clinical manifestations of infection
Authors: Zappa Vanessa , Bolaños Carmen Alicia Daza , Paula Carolina Lechinski de , Callefe João Luis Revolta , Alves Ana Carolina , Morais Amanda Bonalume Cordeiro de , Guerra Simony Trevizan , Cabrini Marina Chaves , Melville Priscilla Anne , Ribeiro Márcio Garcia
Published: May 2017

Proteus spp. are opportunistic multidrug resistant enterobacteria associated with diverse clinical diseases in domestic animals. However, Proteus infections in domestic animals are often misdiagnosed or considered contaminants in microbiological cultures rather than a primary agent of disease. Descriptions of Proteus infections in domestic animals are typically restricted to case reports, retrospective studies, or surveillance of other microorganisms. The present study investigated multiple antibiotic resistance indices, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and ESBL production in 73 strains of Proteus mirabilis (n = 69) and Proteus vulgaris (n = 4) isolated from domestic animals with various clinical manifestations. In dogs, the pathogen was most commonly associated with cystitis (48.21), enteritis (21.42%), otitis (14.29%), and conjunctivitis (3.57%). In bovines, the microorganism was predominant in cases of enteritis (22.22%), abscess (11.11%), otitis (11.11%), omphalitis (11.11%), and peritonitis (11.11%), and in organ fragments (11.11%). In equines (50.0%) and cats (100.0%), diarrhea was the main clinical sign. In vitro standard disk diffusion assay showed that the most effective antimicrobials against the isolates were imipenem (98.63), norfloxacin (95.89), amikacin (95.89), levofloxacin (90.41), ceftriaxone (87.64), and florfenicol (87.67). In contrast, the isolates commonly showed resistance to novobiocin (95.89), azithromycin (57.53), and trimethropim/sulfamethoxazole (39.73). Among the 73 isolates, the efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin according to MICs was 87.67%, 86.30%, 84.93%, and 82.19%, respectively. The MIC50 values of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were, respectively, 1.0, 0.004, 0.03, and 1.0 µg/mL. Thirty-three strains (45.21%) showed a antimicrobial multiple resistance index of ? 0.3. Multidrug resistance profiles of isolates were observed most frequently in dogs (n = 25; 75.76%), particularly in those with cystitis (n = 13; 52.0%), followed by bovines (n = 4; 12.12%), equines (n = 2; 6.06%), and cats (n = 2; 6.06%). Two (2.7%) strains, obtained from canine skin and feces, were diagnosed phenotypically as ESBL-producers. Here, we observed the diversity of Proteus infections in domestic animals. The presence of multidrug-resistant isolates and ESBL-producers reinforces the need for appropriate antimicrobial use and in vitro antimicrobial tests to support therapy.
Immune response of sheep naturally infected with Haemonchus spp. on pastures with two different nutritional conditions
Authors: Toscan Gustavo , Cadore Gustavo Cauduro , Limana João Francisco Tadinello , Weber Augusto , Palma Heloisa Heinloft , Duarte Marta Medeiros Frescura , Sangioni Luis Antônio , Vogel Fernanda Silveira Flores
Published: May 2017

Parasitic nematodes in the gastrointestinal tract of small ruminants are considered one of the main causes of economical and productive losses. Haemonchus contortus is characterized as the major parasite affecting sheep worldwide. This study was designed to evaluate immunological responses in sheep naturally infected with Haemonchus spp. in two different feed grounds: native and cultivated pasture. Fecal and blood samples were collected weekly from fifteen Corriedale sheep, ages 8 to 12 months, to determine the counting of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), and the concentration of haematocrit, eosinophils, and cytokines during an 84-day experiment. Bromatological analysis of the two pasture treatments (types) showed levels of crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates of 9.7% and 12.3% in the native pasture and 14.3% and 23.7% for the cultivated pasture, respectively. No significant difference in haematocrit concentration was found during the experiment between different pastures (p < 0.05). However, significant differences were found in EPG, eosinophils, interleukins, and immunoglobulins levels after 21 days in the cultivated (nutritionally-enhanced) pasture. These data suggest that immune response was characterized in sheep by significantly higher peripheral eosinophilia and an increase in serum concentrations of IgE, IgA, IgG, TNF-?, IFN-?, and IL-6. Likewise, the improvement in forage condition resulted in a reduction of EPG and an increase of elements that improve a sheep’s immune system response against Haemonchus spp. infection.
Golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) in feed for broiler chicks using tannin as a sequestrant of toxic metals
Authors: Bayerle Douglas Fernando , Nunes Ricardo Vianna , Gonçalves Junior Affonso Celso , Wachholz Lucas , Scherer Carina , Silva Idiana Mara da , Oliveira-Bruxel Taciana Maria de , Vargas Junior José Geraldo de
Published: May 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the use of wattle tannin as an adsorbent of toxic metals in broilers fed on diets with different levels of replacement of limestone with golden mussel meal. First, we conducted a trial to evaluate the performance of broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days old when fed on wattle tannin. For this we used 720 male broiler chicks that were one day old, in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications. The treatments were composed of basal diets with increasing levels of wattle tannin (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 g tonne-1), where the tannin replaced the inert material of the feed. All of the diets were isonutritive and isocaloric. The results showed that 250 g tonne-1 of tannin was detrimental to weight gain, final weight and feed conversion, and the use of 1000 g tonne-1 of wattle tannin, in addition to these effects, caused a drop in consumption of the ration. There was no effect of treatment on morphometric measurements of villi, crypt or the villus:crypt ratio. Next, we conducted a second test to evaluate the performance of broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age when fed with increasing levels of replacement (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) of limestone with golden mussel and even supplementation or not wattle tannin. Five repetitions were used and the birds were housed in a completely randomized design. In diets with the inclusion of tannin, 250 g tonne-1 of wattle tannin was used, which replaced the inert material in the feed. In this test, 1200 male broiler chicks that were one day old were used. The results showed that the golden mussel contains large quantities of calcium, with low concentrations of toxic metals and microbiological contamination within the allowed range. Performance data show that mussel can be used to replace up to 100% of limestone in feed without affecting the variables, but the use of 250 g tonne-1 of wattle tannin affects the performance of chicks. Bone quality was not changed by the treatments. Phosphorus and calcium in the bones remained stable during treatment and only the gray variation showed interaction effects from the use of mussel and wattle tannin.
Aerial parts of cassava as partial replacement for feed concentrates in the diet of lambs raised in semi-confinement
Authors: Pereira Luiz Carlos , Itavo Luís Carlos Vinhas , Mateus Rodrigo Gonçalves , Leal Eduardo Souza , Abreu Urbano Gomes Pinto , Nogueira Eriklis , Ferreira Marcos Barbosa , Carvalho Cristiano Marcelo Espinola
Published: May 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and economic viability of including the aerial parts of cassava (PAM) in the feed of semi-confined lambs for partial reduction of food concentrates. Fifty-six sheep, including males and females of the Pantaneira genetic group weighing 18.84 ± 2.02 kg on an average were used. The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized complete block design with four treatments, each with seven females and seven males. Each group of 14 animals received one of four treatments: control, 10% of food concentrate in diet replaced with PAM, 20% replaced with PAM, and 30% replaced with PAM. The average total gain in weight (GWT) of the male lambs was 26.89% higher than the gains observed in females. Based on the cost analysis, we observed a linear effect (P < 0.01), i.e., a decrease in the feed cost for male and female groups with increase in PAM content. For the study period, the expenditure for the control male group was the highest at $ 17.60 per animal. Expenditure for the PAM 30 male group was the lowest at $ 12.74 per animal. These figures reflect the actual operating costs (COE), i.e., the power is 75.78% and 74.77%, for male and female groups respectively. The total cost, decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with PAM 30 treatment costing the least at $ 47.90, which was $ 7.02 lower than the control. When assessing the net margin per kilogram among the female groups, we observed a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) with a maximum gain of 23.98% when adding PAM and $ 0.50 kg-1. Our results show that the raising of lambs in semi-confinement was economically viable, and the addition of the aerial part of processed cassava in the feed presented a higher economic return. Further, the addition of aerial parts of cassava did not affect the performance of the lambs.
Mechanical and chemical dehydration for pre-drying of black oat silage
Authors: Carneiro Murilo Klosovski , Neumann Mikael , Heker Junior Julio Cezar , Horst Egon Henrique , Leão Guilherme Fernando Mattos , Galbeiro Sandra , Poczynek Milaine
Published: May 2017

This study aimed to evaluate mechanical and chemical methods of forage dehydration in the production of black oat pre-dried silage (Avena strigosa Schreb) under different dehydration times. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block experimental design with five replications and arranged in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme. We assessed two methods of dehydration, mechanical and chemical, over six dewatering times, being made at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days after cutting or application of glyphosate. Harvest took place at 88 days after emergence, at pre-flowering. We evaluated dry biomass production at harvest, dry matter losses during dehydration in the field, losses during ensiling, gauging effluent output, and pre-dried silage chemical composition. There was an interaction between dehydration method and harvest time for most of the production characteristics. Chemical dehydration showed an enhanced dry matter recovery at the field level, however, unsuitable for pre-dried silage. The longer the dehydration period, the lower the losses for both analyzed methods; nevertheless, the chemical method reached unsatisfactory DM contents to produce good quality silage.
Influence of production factors on feed intake and feed conversion ratio of grow-finishing pigs
Authors: Silva Caio Abércio da , Novais Aliny Ketilim , Santos Rita De Kássia , Pierozan Carlos Rodolfo , Agostini Piero Da Silva , Gasó Josep Gasa
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study was to identify and quantify, through mathematical models, the production factors of grow-finishing (GF) phases that influence the daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in pigs. Sixty-five GF farms were evaluated between 2010 and 2013, linked to a cooperative system located in the western Parana State, Brazil, representing 463 batches, with a mean of 642.79 ± 363.29 animals per batch, equalling approximately 300,000 animals. Forty production factors were considered that related to management, sanitation, installations and equipment, nutrition, genetics and environment on the farms. The DFI was influenced by the barn's position relative to the sun (P = 0.048), initial body weight (P < 0.0001) and final body weight (P < 0.0001). It was observed that the FCR was influenced by the barn’s position relative to the sun (P = 0.0001), the use of humidifiers/misting (P = 0.03), the presence of composters (P = 0.006), trees on the sides of barns (P < 0.045), the initial body weight of the pigs (P < 0.0001) and duration of the grow-finishing phase (P < 0.0001). The variables selected in the models explained approximately 44 and 20% of the total variance in the DFI and FCR, respectively, demonstrating that this resource is a good tool for interpreting the factors related to the parameters evaluated.
Werkdruk en organisatieontwikkeling in de rechtspraak
Authors: van Duijneveldt Ivo , Wijga Peter , van Reisen Kirsten
Published: May 2017

Workload and organizational development in the Dutch judiciary

What causes occupational stress in the Dutch judicial organization? And what can be done to moderate the effects? This article addresses these questions from an organizational perspective. The well-known job demand/job control-model (Karasek) and sociotechnical principles for organizational design are used as a theoretical framework. Increasing job demands (workload, complexity) combined with reduced opportunities for individual judicial professionals to control their work are considered root causes for organizational stress. In addition to these factors, the specific characteristics of the judicial organizational culture should also be acknowledged. This culture is based on a strong emphasis on individual professional performance and responsibility, making it a complex task to mitigate occupational stress from an organizational perspective. A short overview of recent developments to manage occupational stress in the Dutch judicial organization concludes the article.
‘Ik ben slecht in het legen van mijn brievenbus en heb een telefoonfobie’
Authors: Bantema Willem
Published: May 2017

‘I am bad at emptying my mailbox and have a phone phobia’. The importance of matching the type of contact between benefit recipients and benefit agencies.

In recent years, contacts between citizens and the government have increasingly become digital. Most people believe that the development toward more digital and thus more impersonal contact could be negative in terms of procedural justice and policy effectiveness. Higher educated and younger citizens embrace contact through the internet more than lower educated and older citizens. This study questions the call for more personal contact. Based on a panel survey, two different kinds of recipients of public assistance are compared: recipients of municipal social services (N=596) and recipients of unemployment benefits (N=709). Because of the social-demographic characteristics mentioned earlier, the recipients of the former are expected to be more negative about digital contact than the latter. This study identifies how these types of recipients of public assistance prefer to have contact with their municipality or agency, and how that works in practice. It shows that neither personal contact preferences, nor the way contact works in practice are decisive for satisfaction with the contact, but the way those two elements are matched. A match of impersonal contact leads to similar satisfaction as a match of personal contact.
Herplaatsing binnen het concern
Authors: Beltzer Ronald , Schmeetz Simone
Published: May 2017

Herplaatsing binnen het concern

In dit artikel staat de met de Wwz gecodificeerde herplaatsingsverplichting binnen het concern centraal. De auteurs analyseren de reikwijdte van deze plicht en behandelen de rechtspraak op dit punt, zoals gewezen onder de Wwz. Voorts staan zij stil bij de gevolgen voor de arbeidsovereenkomst van een geslaagde herplaatsing. De auteurs concluderen dat meer richting voor de praktijk gewenst is.
De bedenktermijn doorgedacht
Authors: Bennaars Hanneke , van Empel Anita
Published: May 2017

De bedenktermijn doorgedacht

De bedenktermijn in de beëindigingsovereenkomst en het vormvereiste van schriftelijkheid is een nieuw fenomeen. In dit artikel wordt het schriftelijkheidsvereiste onderzocht in het licht van het algemeen vermogensrecht en wordt de arbeidsrechtelijke bedenktermijn vergeleken met andere bedenktermijnen uit het civiele recht. Ten slotte wordt een aantal casusposities behandeld.
Knelpunten bij opvolgend werkgeverschap
Authors: Looijenga Ans , van Fenema Eylard
Published: May 2017

Knelpunten bij opvolgend werkgeverschap

De invulling van het begrip opvolgend werkgeverschap sinds de Wwz roept vele vragen op die niet volledig door de wetgever lijken te zijn voorzien. De auteurs geven een uiteenzetting van knelpunten die daarbij in het oog springen.
El lugar-red y la acción ambiental. Pistas para una gobernanza reflexiva y situada
Authors: Palacio Tamayo Dolly Cristina
Published: May 2017

La acción ambiental es un campo emergente en la agenda de investigación en las ciencias sociales. En particular, el Análisis de Redes Sociales está haciendo un aporte importante para comprenderla. Con el objetivo de hacer un aporte a este campo del conocimiento, Las redes socioambientales del lugar se proponen como un concepto y al mismo tiempo como una metodología para hacer operativo el rastreo de la coparticipación de los actores humanos y no humanos en la acción ambiental en lugares concretos y su análisis estructural. Con los resultados de algunos ejercicios de investigación sobre la acción ambiental en Colombia, a partir de procesos participativos, se busca proponer algunas pistas para  la construcción de una gobernanza ambiental situada, a partir de entender los patrones que adopta la acción ambiental en lugares concretos.
Análisis de redes sociales para la gobernanza de un área protegida y su zona de amortiguación en el bosque templado del sur de Chile
Authors: Mardones Gonzalo
Published: May 2017

Para transitar desde el manejo hacia la gobernanza de las áreas protegidas y sus zonas aledañas, se requiere el involucramiento y la colaboración de las comunidades locales, además de múltiples otros actores involucrados en la conservación y el desarrollo de dicho territorio. El presente trabajo presenta un análisis de redes sociales de los actores con interés y/o influencia en la zona de amortiguación del Parque Nacional Alerce Andino (PNAA) y la Reserva Nacional Llanquihue (RNLL), ubicado en la zona del bosque templado en el sur de Chile. Los resultados muestran que los actores involucrados en la conservación y el desarrollo se desenvuelven en múltiples escalas geográficas, organizados en una estructura jerárquica de niveles desde lo local a lo regional. Por su parte, el análisis de redes sociales sugiere una baja cohesión entre actores, una importante centralización y fragmentación estructural y funcional, alta marginalización de actores y bajos niveles de integración entre grupos diversos. De esta manera, la investigación plantea que la red social que relaciona a los actores involucrados en la zona de amortiguación del PNAA y la RNLL presenta propiedades emergentes poco favorables para el desarrollo de adecuados sistemas de control, confianza y normativos, todo lo cual dificulta la buena gobernanza del área protegida y su zona de amortiguación, configurando un escenario desfavorable para la integración entre conservación y desarrollo.
Gender-influenced Parents’ Investment in Children’s Education
Authors: Pacáková Hana , Ježek Michal
Published: May 2017

Studie se soustředí na problém genderových rozdílů v sociálních, časových, ekonomických a emočních investicích rodičů do vzdělávání svých dětí (synů versus dcer). Studie navazuje na články, zejména americké provenience, které by mohly naznačovat další směřování výzkumu v této oblasti. V České republice tento typ výzkumu prozatím chybí; výzkumné projekty se soustředí zejména na vliv vzdělávacího systému jako takového, rozdíly ve schopnostech a v představách o budoucí kariéře. Vliv rodičů na výsledky vzdělávání synů a dcer není tematizován. Tato studie ukazuje, zejména na příkladu Spojených států amerických, že rodiče více participují (co se týče zapojení a finanční podpory) na vzdělávání dcer. Dále se pokouší srovnat tato zjištění se situací v ekonomicky podobně vyspělých, ale kulturně odlišných zemích jihovýchodní Asie. Zde je stále silný tradiční patriarchální systém výchovy dětí, který má vliv na vzdělávací aspirace žákyň a žáků. Výzkumy, které jsou v naší studii diskutovány, podporují tezi o genderových rozdílech v podpoře vzdělávání, nejen co se týče finančních toků a emočních investic, ale i co se týče výběru školních předmětů.
Chorological news highlights for vascular flora of Andalusia (South Spain)
Authors: Fuentes Julián , Cueto Miguel , Benavente Alfredo
Published: May 2017

Se presentan 31 citas de 21 taxones herborizados en Andalucía, aportando nuevos datos corológicos de especial interés.

31 records of 21 taxa, herborized in Andalusia, are shown. New chorological data of special interest are included.