bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Water Economic Value to Improve the Role of Society in Watershed Management
Authors: Purboseno Sentot , Widyowati Reni Astuti , Darmawati Nuraeni Dwi , Safitri Lisma
Published: March 2022

The water economic value nowadays is relatively still low considering the limited understanding of water economic value due to the lack of interest from the people to the water resource system, particularly in a watershed. The increase of space demand in catchment areas which has the hydrological function to support water availability, has caused an impact on water availability. To improve the role of society in watershed protection and management, this research studied the water economic value from a society point of view. The relation among the variables to the water economic value could bring the ideas on how to improve the society understanding of water economic value. A better understanding of the water economic value of the society could enhance their role in watershed protection and management to support the watersheds carrying capacity as the supplier of water availability of current and future. The method used in this research was explanatory research which explains the causality among the relation of the variables through the hypothesis testing. This approach was chosen by considering the aims of the research, including the efforts to define the relation and influence to society estimation of water economic value. Therefore, variables used in this research consisted of water economic value, society's social-economic condition, society's understanding of the hydrological cycle in the watershed, and the availability of water distribution system. Furthermore, based on the result analysis, the estimation indicators of each variable relation were defined. The relation among the variables and its indicators were tested by SEM (Structural Equation Model). The result showed that the social-economic condition of the society influences their understanding of hydrological cycle in the catchment area, the availability of water distribution system does not indicate the influence of society understanding on the hydrological cycle in the catchment area, the social-economic condition of the society does not influence their estimation on water economic value, the availability of water distribution system indicate the influence to society estimation of water economic value and the land-use changes which are the manifestation of understanding on the hydrological process in catchment area influence to water economic value estimation.
AI-POWERED PLAGIARISM DETECTION: LEVERAGING FORENSIC LINGUISTICS AND NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
Authors: Nwohiri Anthony , JODA Opemipo , Ajayi Olasupo
Published: March 2022

Plagiarism of material from the Internet is nothing new to academia and it is particularly rampant. This challenge can range from borrowing a particularly apt phrase without attribution, to paraphrasing someone else’s original idea without citation, to wholesale contract cheating. Plagiarized content can infringe on copyright laws and could incur hefty fines on publishers and authors. Unintentional plagiarism mostly occurs due to inaccurate citation. Most plagiarism checkers ignore this fact. Moreover, plagiarizers are increasingly becoming negatively “smarter”. All these necessitate a plagiarism detector that would efficiently handle the challenges. Several plagiarism detectors have been developed but each with its own peculiar limitations. This paper aims at developing an AI-driven plagiarism detector that can crawl the web to index articles and documents, generate similarity score between two local documents, train users on how to properly format in-text citations, identify source code plagiarism and use natural language processing and forensic linguistics to properly analyse plagiarism index.
ASSESSMENT OF BIOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF Spirogyra porticalis and Chlorella vulgaris ON COPPER AND CHROMIUM IN TANNERY EFFLUENT FROM CHALLAWA INDUSTRIAL AREA, KANO STATE
Authors: Nabila Tijjani Ismail , Ibrahim Sani , Umar Faruk Suleiman , Isyaku Haruna Isiaku , Muhammad Amir Ado
Published: March 2022

Discharge of industrial effluent in aquatic environment is a serious threat to life due to toxic heavy metals. Algae can be used as cheap bioremediation agent in comparison to conventional technologies. This research was conducted to evaluate the bioremediation potential of two algal species i.e.Spirogyra spp. and Chlorella spp. for the removal of heavy metals from two tannery industries M Tannery and GB Tannery located in Challawa Industrial area by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS Unicorn 969) and also Physicochemical parameters like pH, Temperature, EC, TDS, DO and BOD were measured. In GB Tannery, Spirogyra spp. had the highest affinity for Cr which was 50%, 67%, 50% at 3rd, 6th and 9th weeks interval respectively. Chlorella spp. showed highest affinity for Cu was 60% 85% and 93%. In M tannery, Chlorella spp. had the highest potential to remove heavy metals from the effluent, showing high affinity for Cu which was 80%, 92%, 59% at 3rd, 6th and 9th weeks respectively. Both algal species were not effective for Cr removal. Temperature ranged between 30-31˚C which might be as a result of ambient temperature, pH of both tanneries did not differ significantly and it was not within the maximum permissible limit of 6.5-8.5. EC of M Tannery was a little higher than GB Tannery (8.417±0.2627, 6.920±0.05000) which were below the permissible limit. TDS of M tannery is higher than that of GB Tannery 1919.0±68.462mg/l, 1916.0±61.944mg/l which were not within the permissible limit. DO content were within the permissible limits of
GROWTH RESPONSE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND COST ANALYSIS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF BUCKS FED DIETS CONTAINING GRADED LEVELS OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) HUSK WITH GMELINA (Gmelina arborea) LEAVES AS BASAL DIET
Authors: Oloche Juliana , Dido P. L. , Ayoade J. A.
Published: March 2022

A total of twenty (20) growing WAD bucks of about 7 - 9 months and having average weight of 9.64 kg were used in an 84 day trial to investigate the performance response of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed diets containing cowpea husk (CPH). Cowpea husk used for the study was collected from Nasarawa Eggon Local Government Area of Nasarawa State. Four experimental diets were formulated to replace maize offal with cowpea husk and designated A (0%), B (25%), C (50%), and D (75%) and used to feed the bucks. Results showed that none of the performance parameters showed treatment effect (P>0.05). The mean daily weight gain was 56.55 g/day, 52.75 g/day, 42.81 g/day and 50.49 g/day for diets A, B, C and D respectively. The mean daily feed intake ranged between 458.40 g/day -503.00 g/day, with treatments D and B having the highest and lowest numerical values, respectively. The apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient of dry matter (DM), crude fibre (CF), ash, nitrogen free extract (NFE) showed significant differences (P<0.05) among the treatments and some crude fibre fractions like neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were significantly different (P<0.05) among the treatments means. The concentrate feed cost/kg diet was between ₦63.85-₦73.74. The cost/kg weight gain was best for treatment B (₦617.05). The production efficiency was less than one for all the treatments. Cowpea (vigna unguiculata) husk can be used in the diets of West African dwarf goats without adverse effect on the performance indices and profitability.
ROBUST PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR RANDOM EFFECT PANEL DATA MODEL IN THE PRESENCE OF HETEROSCEDASTICITY AND INFLUENTIAL OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Muhammad Sani , Shamshuddeen Suleiman , Baoku Ismail Gboyega
Published: March 2022

Panel data estimators can strongly be biased and inconsistent in the presence of heteroscedasticity and anomalous observations called influential observations (IOs) in Random effect (RE) panel data model. The existing methods (LWS, WLSF, WLSDRGP) address only the problem of IO but fail to remedy the combine problem of heteroscedasticity and IOs.  Therefore, in this research we develop a method that will remedy the combine problem of heteroscedasticity and IOs based on robust heteroscedasticity consistent covariance matrix (RHCCM) estimator and fast improvised influential distance (FIID) weighting method denoted by WLSFIID. The simulation and numerical evidences show that our proposed estimation method is more efficient than the existing methods by providing smallest bias, and smallest standard error of HC4 and HC5
EVALUATION OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF Kalanchoe pinnata AGAINST PLANT PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM DISEASED PLANT PATHOGENS
Authors: Ehwarieme D. A. , Offuah Blessing , Ilondu E. M.
Published: March 2022

The antimicrobial activity of Kalanchoe pinnata (Syn Bryophyllum pinnatum) against clinical pathogen is well documented in literature but there is paucity of information on its effect against plant pathogens. This work attempts to evaluate inhibitory activity of Kalanchoe pinnata (Syn Bryophyllum pinnatum) on selected plant pathogens. Aqueous, acetone, ethanol and methanol leaf, stem and root extracts of Kalanchoe pinnata (Syn Bryophyllum pinnatum) were prepared using standard techniques. Extracts were tested against bacteria and fungi isolated from some diseased plants, both singly and in combination with standard antimicrobials. Inhibitory activity was determined using agar well diffusion technique as well as broth dilution technique. Results indicate that the leaf ethanol extract was most effective against the plant pathogens. Zones of inhibition (mm) ranged from [19.0 ± 0.32] for Aspergillus flavus to [23.5 ± 0.22] for Xanthomonas campestris. Meanwhile, the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) reduced from 6.25 mg/mL to 3.13 mg/mL (for Xanthomonas oryzae and Xanthomonas campestris) when leaf extract was used in combination with streptomycin. Furthermore, MIC reduced from 1.56 mg/mL to 0.78 mg/mL (for Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger) when extract was used in combination with cycloheximide. Ethanol leaf extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Syn Bryophyllum pinnatum) was most effective against selected plant pathogens. Also, effectiveness of extract was enhanced when used in combination with regular antimicrobial. Kalanchoe pinnata (Syn Bryophyllum pinnatum) may become useful as a biological control agent for plant disease pathogens
TOXIC IMPLICATIONS OF HEAVY METALS IN DRINKING WATER SOURCES OF LOKO AND MARARRABA IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Rilwan Usman , Bello A. A. , Ahmad Ubaidullah
Published: March 2022

Metals are substances with high electrical conductivity, malleability, and luster, which voluntarily lose their electrons to form cations. This study aimed at assessing the Toxic implications of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Sources of Loko and Mararraba in Nasarawa using Micro Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES). The results showed that, seven heavy metals along with their respective concentrations for both Loko and Mararraba in mg/L (Zn (0.19 and 0.23), Cd (0.00 and 0.00), Fe (0.05 and 0.04), Cu (0.01 and 0.01), Pd (0.01 and 0.01), Ni (0.003 and 0.002) and Mn (0.092 and 0.027)) respectively were present in the water samples. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) was all recorded to be lower than unity. The Hazard Index (HI) was also recorded to be 4.6x10-4 and 5.7 x 10-4 for both Loko and Mararraba respectively, value less than unity. This makes non-carcinogenic effects negligible. The total excess life cancer risk was found to be 36.1.4x10-13 and 41.46x10-13 for both Loko and Mararraba respectively, value less than that of U.S (1.0x10-4 to 1.0x10-6) and South Africa (5.0x10-6). This makes carcinogenic effects negligible. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the water at the sample locations is recommended.
OPTIMIZATION OF COAGULATION EFFICACY OF BANANA STEM JUICE IN WATER TREATMENT
Authors: Owoicho Andrew , Shaibu-Imodagbe  , I. M Sani
Published: March 2022

This work investigates the optimization of coagulation efficacy of banana stem juice as plant natural coagulant in treatment of raw water. Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize the process using Design Expert Version 10. Factors considered were; coagulant dosage (mg/L), retention time (min), and pH with fifteen experimental runs generated using Box Behnken Design method. The parameters analysed were COD, DO, TSS, TDS and Turbidity. Jar test laboratory scale studies was performed and the result analysed statistically to study the effects of pH, retention time and coagulant dosage on coagulation. The coagulation efficacy was achieved at pH 6.5 with percentage removal of 58.065 % after 60 minutes retention time with dosage of 7.5mL/L. Firstly, before carrying these processes, the raw water sample was characterized to ascertain the initial concentration of the parameters before the jar test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the significance of the model and the variables. The model F-value was 12.06 which implies that the model is significant and that there is only a 0.68% chance that such a Model F-value could occur due to interference. Also, values of "Prob > F" were (0.0062) less than 0.0500 indicating that the model terms are significant. It could be concluded that Banana Stem Juice showed tremendous potential as a bio-coagulant for water treatment purposes and could be applied in the pre-treatment stage prior to secondary treatment.
EVALUATION OF Bacillus thuringiensis FROM DIFFERENT HABITATS FOR LETHALITY AGAINST LARVAE OF SOME SPECIES OF MOSQUITO
Authors: Zubairu Maimuna , Zubairu Abdulaziz , Rabiu Karima M. , Abdu Fatima , Uthman Hajara A.
Published: March 2022

This work was aimed at evaluating the lethality effects of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from different habitats against larvae of some species of mosquito. The isolated and identified microorganism  from the different sampling sites were subjected to bioassay against different species of mosquito larvae at 0, 8.0 × 109, 1.6 × 1010, 3.2 × 1010, 6.4 × 1010, and 7.2 × 1010 cells/ ml. The result of the study revealed that B. thuringiensis isolated from compost manure had the highest bioactivity of 100% mortality against all the three species of mosquito larvae used in this work at the concentration of 3.2 × 1010 cells / ml while those isolated from garden soil, refuse, animal residue and dry leaf residue gave 100% mortality at 6.4 × 109 cells / ml against the three species of mosquito larvae with the exception of that isolated from animal residue which gave 95% mortality against aedes larvae at 6.4 × 1010 cells/mls. Analysis of variance at P < 0.05 revealed a significant difference in activity of B. thuringiensis isolated against mosquito larvae belonging to different species. This indicated that Bacillus thuringiensis had higher lethal activities against culex and anopheles larvae than aedes larva.
APPLICATION OF RENEWAL REWARD PROCESSES IN HOMOGENEOUS DISCRETE MARKOV CHAIN
Authors: Agboola Olanrewaju , Badmus N. I.
Published: March 2022

A renewal process which is a special type of a counting process, which counts the number of events that occur up to (and including) time  has been investigated, in order to provide some insight into the performance measures in renewal process and sequence such as, the mean time between successive renewals, ; Laplace-Stiltjes transform (LST) of the mean time, ;  the Laplace-Stieltjes transform (LST) of the mean time distribution function,  ;  Laplace-Stiltjes transform (LST) of  fold convolution of distribution function, ;  the time at which the  renewal occurs,  the average number of renewals per unit time over the interval (0, t],   and expected reward, . Our quest is to analyse the distribution function of the renewal process and sequence   using the concept of discrete time Markov chain to obtain the aforementioned performance measures. Some properties of the Erlang , exponential and geometric distributions are used with the help of some existing laws, theorems and formulas of Markov chain. We concluded our study through illustrative examples that, it is not possible for an infinite number of renewals to occur in a finite period of time; Also, the expected number of renewals increases linearly with time; and from the uniqueness property, we affirmed that, the Poisson process is the only renewal process with a linear mean-value  function; and lastly, we obtained the optimal replacement policy for a manufacturing machine which showed that, the exponential property of the lifetime
RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH OF TWO GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) VARIETIES IN KATSINA A SUDAN SAVANNAH
Authors: Ibrahim A. M.
Published: March 2022

The experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the response of different types of fertilizers on the growth of two groundnut varieties in Katsina a Sudan savannah. The experiment was conducted during the 2020 and 2021 rainy seasons at Samaru farm Mani LGA, Katsina State, Nigeria. Treatments consisted of two varieties of groundnut (SAMNUT 25 and SAMNUT 26) and four different types of fertilizer (zero fertilizer, organic manure, NPK 30:30:30 and poultry manure) replicated three times. The treatments were factorized and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD).  The result shows that groundnut growth components such as: the number of leaves per plant, leaf area index and days to 50% flowering per plot was significantly influenced by different types of fertilizer and SAMNUT 25 (P≤0.05) outperformed SAMNUT 26. Different types of fertilizer Applications also recorded a significant (P≤0.05) effect on growth parameters. However, the Application of poultry manure significantly (P≤0.05) outperformed better on the number of leaves and leaf area index at 3, 6 and 9 WAS but during the 2020 growing season at 6 WAS organic manure recorded the highest (105) number of leaves. The study revealed that the application of poultry manure on SAMNUT 25 proves to promote better growth of groundnut in the study area.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW NICKEL PHTHALOCYANINE (NIPC) COMPLEX CONTAINING 7-HYDROXYCOUMARIN AND EVALUATION OF ITS ELECTROCHEMICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Dauda Aminu , Olaleye Abdul Ademola , Badamasi Hamza
Published: March 2022

In this study, phthalonitrile derivative was prepared by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of 3-nitrophthalonitrile in the presence of K2CO3 as a base in a non-aqueous organic solvent. Cyclotetramerization of phthalonitrile in the presence of metal salt, Ni(II)) gave peripherally substituted metal phthalocyanine complexes. The structure of the synthesized compounds was characterized by different analytical tools such as 1H NMR, UV-Vis, and FT-IR spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry. The disappearance of the C≡N stretching vibration from the IR spectra of phthalonitrile was observed at 2230 cm−1. The FTIR vibration results for C=O, C=C and C-O were 1712cm-1, 1615 cm-1 and 1276 cm-1 respectively. Solubility of metal phthalocyanine complexes was found to be very low in common laboratory solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethylformamide (DMF). The electronic spectrum of NiPc in dimethylformamide (DMF) showed intense Q absorption at 690 nm. UV-Vis spectra of phthalocyanines showed electronic spectra with two strong absorption bands, Q and B bands. The Q band was found in 600–750 nm and B at 300–400 nm for both. The thermal stability of the phthalocyanine derivative was checked by T.G.A and the degradation was observed to start at 309 oC, which showed that the complex could withstand relatively high temperature. It could therefore be concluded that the metal phthalocyanine prepared in this study showed suitably high thermal stability and can be used for various applications
ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL IONIZING RADIATION IN TWO TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS OF NIGER STATE
Authors: Usman Yusuf Tanko , Jibrin A. Y. , Ishaq Y. , Bello S. , Yahaya M. A.
Published: March 2022

Background ionizing radiation attributed to natural sources has over the years been at increase due to increase in infrastructural facilities and population inducing more human activities within campuses. This called for very great concern because of it effects on the human at higher exposure doses. Consequently, the Assessment of the Natural Ionizing Radiation was carried out at Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai (IBBUL) and Niger State Polytechnic, Zungeru (NSPZ) with approximate populations of 7000 and 5200 students respectively. A portable Geiger-Mueller dosimeter was used at 19 different locations within the two tertiary institutions. The results revealed the Dose Rate variation from 0.14 to 0.186 μSv⁄hr, at IBBUL, while at NSPZ the variation was from 0.12 to 0.158 μSv⁄hr. For all the locations the mean Dose Rate was 0.154 μSv⁄hr with a standard deviation of 0.0195 μSv⁄hr. Generally, average Annual Effective Dose Rate obtained is 0.27 mSv/annum which fell within the recommended alarming limit of 1 mSv/annum given by the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) for non-occupational population exposure. This implied no adverse impact on the tenements within the two tertiary Institutions. However, part of the recommendations is that more work needs to be done on the soil to characterize the areas for possible radioactive source deposits which may be up to alarming magnitude in the near future.
EFFECT OF WEED CONTROL STRATEGIES ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF MAIZE, COWPEA, AND THEIR INTERCROP
Authors: Lawal A. R. , Olayinka B. U. , Etejere E. O. , Abdulra'uf L. B.
Published: March 2022

Weed interference causes low land-use efficiency, expensive cost of production, related to control of plant and pests, low quality of crops and high cost and less efficient utilization of labour. The increase in herbicide resistance weeds which has led to increase use of herbicide has been a great concern to human health. This necessitated the need to investigate the effect of pendimethalin (P) with supplementary hand weeding (HW) on weed control efficiency and proximate composition of maize, cowpea and their intercrop. Field experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons. The field layout followed complete randomized block design with three replicates. There were eight treatments: Sole Maize/Cowpea + P, Sole Maize/Cowpea + P + 1HW at 3 weeks after sowing (WAS), Sole Maize/Cowpea + P+ 2HW at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), Sole Maize/Cowpea weedy check, Intercrop + P, Intercrop + P + 1HW at 3WAS, Intercrop + P + 2HW at 3 and 6 WAS and Intercrop weedy check. It was observed that, P+1HW and P+2HW significantly (p≤0.05) increased carbohydrate (3.61%, 5.61%, 3.73% and 5.75%), protein (13.30%, 15.20%, 5.78% and 14.62%) and lipid contents (60.25%, 87.46%, 56.61% and 64.87%) in maize, cowpea and their respective intercrop. It can be concluded that the use of pendimethalin and 1 supplementary hand weeding effectively suppress weed-crop competition and increase the proximate composition of maize and cowpea
Service Quality Analysis of Tokopedia Application Using Text Mining Method
Authors: Bustami Debby Kania , Noviaristanti Siska
Published: March 2022

Shopping transformation using online applications makes it easier for sellers and buyers to make transactions. In Indonesia, there are several shopping applications, Tokopedia is one of them. Tokopedia is one of the shopping applications developed in Indonesia. To ensure users’ loyalty to the Tokopedia application, quality analysis is done to determine how the application could be improved or developed. This study applied the Quality Measurement Theory to examine the mobile shopping application service quality with three variables: interaction quality, environmental quality, and outcome quality. The data used in this study are users’ reviews of the Tokopedia application on the Google Play Store website. Data retrieval is done by scrapping for the period June 2020 to December 2020 with a total data of 21,616 reviews. The review data is then analyzed using the text mining method. The sentiment analysis results indicated a value of 65% positive sentiment and 35% negative sentiment. In multi-class classification, the results were 16% interaction quality, 26% environment quality and 58% outcome quality. The text network analysis determined how the word network was formed and uncovered negative words mentioned in each indicator in the mobile apps service quality.
Giampiero Giacomello, Francesco Niccolò Moro, Marco Valigi (eds.), Technology and International Relations: The New Frontier in Global Power (Cheltenham/Northampton: E. Elgar, 2021)
Authors: Serban Henrieta
Published: March 2022

The human beings have an ambivalent attitude towards technology, whereas nowadays technology represents not only a presence, but also a significant transformative force of human life, of human realities and, to a certain extent, of human nature itself. The collective volume entitled Technology and International Relations. The New Frontier in Global Power reunites a group …
Walter Baier, Cornelia Hildebrandt, Franz Kronreif, Luisa Sello (eds.), Europe as a Common: Exploring Transversal Social Ethics, Volume I (Zürich: LIT Verlag, 2020)
Authors: Serban Henrieta
Published: March 2022

The ongoing dialogue between Christianity and socialism, albeit soft and sometimes rather marginal is still going on and bears a genuine significance in the face of the newer problems of our changing world – the refugees ripples, the climate issues and the Corona virus crisis that menaces even more within a context of “globalization of …
Emma Carmel, Katharina Lenner, Regine Paul (eds.), Handbook on the Governance and Politics of Migration (Cheltenham: E. Elgar, 2021)
Authors: Hoffmann Lara Wilhelmine
Published: March 2022

The study of migration governance requires a global and interdisciplinary framework of analysis. The editors of the “Handbook of the Governance and Politics of Migration” bring together multifaceted perspectives to further understanding on how migration is governed and politicized today. This anthology is edited by Emma Carmel, an Associate Professors in the Department of Social and Policy Sciences at the University of Bath, UK, Katharina Lenner, Assistant Professor at the same department, and Regine Paul who is an Associate Professor of Comparative Policy Studies at the University of Bergen, Norway. The book is divided into six sections comprising “Conceptualising the Politics and Governance of Migration”, “The Politics of Categorising Migration”, “Institutions and Regimes of Migration Governance”, “Spaces of Migration Governance”, “Processes and Practices of Migration Governance”, and “Contesting Migration Governance”.
Desarrollo del pensamiento espacial en estudiantes del preuniversitario
Authors: Puyol-Cortez Jorge Luis , Ivadeneira-Moreira Julio César , Intriago-Mairongo Holger Arturo , Benavides-Solís Nilo Alberto
Published: March 2022

Durante el transcurso de los tiempos la comprensión de la matemática fue, es y será el principal temor de la gran mayoría de estudiantes de cualquier edad. El objetivo de la investigación es el de analizar el pensamiento espacial de los estudiantes bajo una aplicación de estrategias del algebra geométrica a dos colores. Este trabajo se basa en una revisión bibliográfica bajo un enfoque descriptivo cualitativo donde se realiza una revisión minuciosa de artículos científicos relacionados con la temática en mención. El conocimiento de la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples de Gardner para centrar esta investigación en una de sus más relevantes ideas, la de la Inteligencia Espacial, la misma que se refiere a la capacidad que tienen los individuos de comprender su realidad circundante por medio de figuras, objetos, espacios, y con ello visualizar mentalmente la construcción de formas que representan los conceptos, comprenderlos y encontrar varias alternativas de solución. Aplicando esta idea a la comprensión de la matemática, se propone que el educando mire a los ejercicios y problemas matemáticos desde una óptica más realista y de fácil asimilación. Este estudio permitirá hacer la comparación del enfoque y su contribución para alcanzar el desarrollo del pensamiento espacial, observando los resultados en la implementación de estrategias como el álgebra geométrica a dos colores, la realidad aumentada y los ambientes virtuales remotos para el aprendizaje, que demuestren que se aumenta significativamente el rendimiento académico.
Aplicación de técnicas de fitorremediación en suelos contaminados con plomo y cadmio
Authors: Núñez Moreno María Soledad
Published: March 2022

El artículo tiene por objetivo analizar aplicaciones de técnicas de fitorremediación en suelos contaminados con plomo (Pb) y cadmio (Cd), con el fin de seleccionar una potencial especie vegetal que sembrada en suelos degradados permita la absorción de los metales mencionados. Para esto, se aplicó a los procesos de fitorremediación conceptos como el factor de bioconcentración (FBC) y factor de translocación (FT). En el desarrollo de la investigación fueron presentadas las características del suelo, tipo de composta o enmienda orgánica, metodología y evaluación de datos; de los procesos de fitorremediación mediante las especies vegetales Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Maíz, Pennisetum setaceum y Tradescantia pallida; sembradas en diferentes tipos de suelo. Evaluados los datos se procedió al análisis con las especies Lolium perenne, Maíz y Tradescantia pallida, ya que presentaron las mejores propiedades. Como resultado de la aplicación de las técnicas de fitorremediación en las tres especies, se obtiene que la planta Tradescantia pallida al tener valores de concentración total de Pb de 330,9 mg/kg y Cd 21,23 mg/kg, FBCraíz de 0,92 y FT de 0,53 para Pb, FBCraíz de 22,1 y FT de 0,2 para Cd; alcanza las mejores propiedades para retener Pb y Cd por la técnica de fitoestabilización, en comparación con las plantas de Maíz y la Tradescantia pallida. La especie vegetal Tradescantia pallida, a pesar de que fue sembrada en un suelo antropogénico con elevado contenido de contaminación, ya que fue un antiguo botadero de basura, logró acumular valores de concentración de Pb en la parte aérea de 114,1 mg/kg y de Cd en la raíz de 17,03 mg/kg que, en comparación con las otras especies vegetales investigadas, tienen una mejor concentración de metales, razón por la cual, puede seleccionarse para la remediación de suelos contaminado con Pb y Cd.
Comparative study of Serum Creatinine and Serum Glucose Level between Term and Preterm Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sayed Md Abu , Begum Fardoushi , Islam Syeda Nafisa , Hossain Khan Md Ismail , Uddin Md Belal
Published: March 2022

Introduction: A large number of babies are being delivered in our country prematurely. Renal function and glucose metabolism are not fully developed in these babies Resulting in disturbance of their homeostasis.
Objectives: This study was conducted to measure serum creatinine and serum glucose in term and preterm infants and compare their values to find out any significant difference.  Methodology: This cross-sectional study included a total of hundred cases of neonates (term babies 50, preterm babies 50) who were admitted to the Paediatric inpatient department or delivered in the obstetrics department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during the period of July 2012 to December 2012. Data were collected from the parents who gave written informed consent. To test the Results, whether they were statistically significant or not, ‘z' test was applied.
Result: Among the total 100 neonates in the term group, the male-female ratio was 1:1.5, and in the preterm group, it was 1:1. In the preterm groups, 20 (20%) babies had a gestational age between 35-37 weeks, 15 (15%) babies had a gestational age between 32-34 weeks, and the rest 15 (15%) babies were in between 28-31 weeks. Here, man serum creatinine value in term babies was 0.89 ±0.16 mg/dl, whereas that in the preterm babies was 1.02±0.36. In the term babies, serum creatinine value > 0.9 mg/dl was in 36%, and in the preterm babies, it was in 48%. Values of serum creatinine were found higher in the preterm neonates, which was statistically significant (Z = 2.338, P < 0.05). This study also showed mean serum glucose level in the term babies 4.14±2 mmol/l and in the preterm 3.46 ±1.92. Hypoglycemia was found in 14% of term babies and 46% of preterm babies. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the means of the two groups (z test value 1.735 and p-value >0.05).
Conclusion: Raised serum creatinine is common in preterm babies. But, hypoglycemia may occur in both groups without any significant difference.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 64-70
Evaluation of Results of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Intraarticular Fracture of Distal Humerus AO type 13-C1 by 90-90 Plate Through Triceps Sparing Approach
Authors: Hossain Khan Mohammad Reza , Shameem Md , Sharmin Asma , Jahan Jesmin , Shakhawat Hossain Syed Mohammad , Harun Muhammad Eusuf
Published: March 2022

Background & objective: The complex anatomy of the distal end of the humerus with its unique orientation of articular surfaces supported by cancellous bone makes its fracture a constant challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. Internal fixation techniques seek to stabilize these fractures by using a plate on both columns. Without this dual plate arrangement, stability of fixation can be inadequate.
Materials & Methods: This observational, descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study was carried out in the outpatient and inpatient at Department of National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka over a period of two years, between July 2014 to June 2016. Participants were 18 in number and aged between 18 to 50 years. Fractures are classified according to AO classification system and only closed intra-articular fractures of distal humerus AO type 13-C1 was included in this study. Patients with open fractures, fracture more than 2 weeks old and fractures in children were excluded from this study. Majority of cases 11(61.11%) were operated within 1 week of injury. Open reduction internal fixation by pre-contoured 90-90 locking plate was performed in all cases through triceps sparing approach. The plaster cast was removed 2 weeks after operation and rehabilitation was encouraged during this period and afterwards. Patients were advised to come for follow up after discharge in different scheduled date till the fracture union was achieved. The final outcome of the patient was graded according to Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI). Chi-square test was used for testing statistical significance. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Most of the injury was caused by motor vehicle accident 9(50.00%) and rest of the injury caused by fall 5(27.77%). Final outcome by MEPI showed that 15(83.33%) were excellent, 2(11.11%) were good, 1(05.56%) was fair, there was no poor Result. Complications were seen during the follow up period that included wound scar, delayed union which was treated conservatively and union occurred at 18th week.
Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation of closed intra-articular fractures of distal humerus AO type 13-C1 by 90-90 plate in sagittal plane on medial column and in coronal plane on lateral column through triceps sparing approach is an effective procedure to provide sufficient stability for the postoperative rehabilitation with an excellent union rate and a very good clinical outcome.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 71-79
A Study of Dental Caries Status in Relation with Dental Check-up among Children in Rajshahi
Authors: Rahman Md Shoyeb , Khurram Choudhury Md Nahid , Hossain Md Ismail , Shoheli Shahina
Published: March 2022

Background: The study aimed to assess the importance of dental check-ups for preventing dental caries among children 5-12 years of age in Rajshahi.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Dental Unit, Rajshahi Medical College, Different Dental Clinics, Dental Chambers in Rajshahi City Corporation from January 2018 to December 2019. A total number of 370 participants were allocated to detect dental caries and history of visiting dental clinics or hospitals for a dental check-up. A cross-sectional survey using a self-structured questionnaire and clinical examination of the oral cavity were conducted among participants to detect dental caries.
Results: 8.92% of participants visited dentists for a regular dental check-up, whereas 49.73% visited dentists only when they had pain or problems with their teeth. 40.81% of participants had dental caries who never visited dentists, and 47.57% of participants were suffering from dental caries who went to the dental clinic or hospital only when there were necessary or emergency.
Conclusion: Regular dental check-up reduce the possibility of dental caries among children.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 90-94
Prevalence of High Serum Uric Acid in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Hossain Sardar Md Amzad , Amin Md Ruhul , Hasan Md Aminul , Sarker Ashoke , Amanath Ullah SKRKMAS Shah , Islam Md Jahedul
Published: March 2022

Coronary artery disease is one of the commonest causes of death of our hospitalized patients. It has a number of risk factors such as age, sex, family history, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity. Serum uric acid appears to be another risk factor found in several researches. This study was done to find out the prevalence of high serum uric acid in hospitalized acute myocardial infarction patients. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in department of Cardiology, Rajshahi medical college hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. 115 (one hundred fifteen) AMI patients were included. Baseline characteristics such as age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, risk factors-hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, family history of IHD, dyslipidemia was recorded. We measured serum uric acid of this patient at admission. Out of 115 patients, 83.5% were male and 16.5% were female. Among risk factors 65.2% had history of hypertension, 20.9% diabetes mellitus, 64.3% smoking, 16.5% family history of IHD and 47.8% dyslipidemia. Out of 115 patients, 35.7% had high serum uric acid and 64.3% had normal serum uric acid. There was no significant difference of confounding variables between high and normal serum uric acid level patients. We found larger number of AMI patients with high serum uric acid. So, high serum uric acid may be a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 102-107
Hemoglobin Status of the Hospital Admitted Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in A District Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Debnath Asish Kumar , Rahman Md Khalilur , Haque Md Azizul , Islam Md Nurul
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Anemia is a global public health concern, especially in lower and middle income countries like Bangladesh. The present study aimed to find out the hemoglobin level and prevalence of anemia among the patients admitted in a district hospital of Meherpur, Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 500 patients admitted to Medicine and Gynecology department of Meherpur General Hospital. After enrollment, 2-3 ml of blood sample was collected in EDTA tubes from each patients and hemoglobin level was determined using an automated hematology analyzer for determination of anemia as defined by the WHO. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 24.0 for a significant p-value <0.05.
Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 48.6 (18.9) years and almost 57% of them were female. Mean (SD) of the Hb level among the participants was 9.8 (1.7) g/dL which was significantly higher among men compared to women (10.1 mg/dL vs 9.5mg/dL). Overall prevalence of anemia was 93.8% (mild 25%, moderate 54% and severe 15%) and the prevalence was comparatively higher among women (96% vs 91%). Female sex and older age were significant risk factors of moderate to severe anemia among the participants though other variables like comorbidities and chronic NSAID use were not revealed as significant.
Conclusion: Anemia prevalence was very high among the patients admitted in Meherpur district hospital, especially among female and elderly patients. So, routine assessment and proper management of anemia of the hospital admitted patients is crucial for better treatment outcome.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 114-121
Peran Incinerator Dalam Pencegahan Pencemaran Laut Di KM. Tanto Bersama
Authors: Hendrawan Andi
Published: March 2022

Pencemaran lingkungan telah menjadi isu global, perbaikan kualitas menjadi bahan yang tak habis habisnya, disisi lain kebutuhan manusia akan energi menjadi salah satu sebab timbulnya pencemaran. Laut yang bersih merupakan impian dan harapan agar bisa kembali bisa menikmati alam yang segar dan laut yang bersih. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran  incinerator dalam  pencegahan pencemaran laut Di KM. Tanto Bersama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di KM Tanto Bersama. Penelitian dilakukan dengan skala waktu atau time series. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa incinerator memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam pencegahan pencemaran laut sehingga keberadaan incinerator menjadi suatu kewajiban diatas kapal.
E-Marketing Sebagai Bentuk Pemasaran Darurat Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Pendaftar Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Dekanawati Vivid , Fatimah Siti , Purnomo Cahya , Sahudiyono Sahudiyono , Supartini Supartini , Atinahsyani Aisyah
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan cara efektif bagaimana menarik perhatian pendaftar sebagai taruna baru di Sekolah Tinggi Maritim Yogyakarta dimasa pandemi Covid-19. Subyek penelitian ini adalah Taruna baru semester satu jurusan Diploma 3 Manajemen Transportasi Laut, Diploma 3 Permesinan Kapal, Diploma 3 Studi Nautika dan S1 Transportasi dikarenakan taruna tersebut masih sangat baru masuk menjadi taruna di Sekolah Tinggi Maritim Yogyakarta. Obyek Penelitian ini adalah  E-Marketing, Pemasaran Darurat, Pemasaran di era Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Tinggi Maritim Yogyakarta. Dari sisi perguruan tinggi sekolah maritim yang ada di Yogyakarta ini menunjukkan keunikannya dimana Yogyakarta belum mempunyai pelabuhan komersial untuk kapal-kapal cargo namun mampu mencetak lulusan di bidang kepelabuhanan dan kemaritiman. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini adalah variabel-variabel E-Marketing dan Pemasaran Darurat berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap pemasaran yang dilakukan di era Pandemi Covid-19, dimana interaksi tatap muka dibatasi. Pengaruh variabel independen yaitu e-marketing dan pemasaran darurat terhadap variabel dependen pemasaran yang dilakukan di era Pandemi Covid-19 adalah 70%. Sedangkan 30% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain selain E-Marketing dan Pemasaran Darurat. Ini artinya eletronik marketing sangat efektif untuk menarik minat pendaftar.
Optimalisasi Perawatan Sistem Pendingin Mesin Utama Di Kapal MV. Nusantara Pelangi 101
Authors: Pratama Andriyan Adi , Astriawati Ningrum , Waluyo Paulus Suhardi , Wahyudiyana Ruwinta
Published: March 2022

Pada mesin penggerak utama di setiap kapal selalu mengalami over heating atau panas yang berlebih. Untuk itu diperlukan sistem pendingin untuk menormalkan suhunya kembali. Over heating dapat membahayakan mesin penggerak utama, oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan kemampuan perawatan sistem pendingin yang benar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara bagaimana perawatan sistem pendinginan pada Mesin penggerak utama tipe G8300ZC30B sebagai penggerak utama di Kapal MV. Nusantara Pelangi 101 milik perusahaan PT. Jatim Perkasa Lines. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data pada penelitian ini dengan analisa deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perawatan sistem pendingin mesin utama MV. Nusantara Pelangi 101 sudah berjalan optimal, sistem pendingin menggunakan sistem pendingin tertutup, bagian-bagian yang dirawat meliputi sea chest, pipa, saringan atau filter air laut, S.W Pump, FW Pump,, F.W Cooler, Expansion Tank, dan kran yang sudah sesuai dengan prosedur.
PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS TERAPI WARM BELT DAN COLD BELT TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI PERSALINAN KALA I
Authors: Royhanaty Isy , Lestari Sri Puji , Nurlaeli Jati
Published: March 2022

Labor pain is physiological. Pain that is not managed properly causes prolonged labor and is an indication for cesarean section. Previous research has proven that warm and cold compresses can reduce labor pain. Hot and cold compresses in this study were given in the form of a belt. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of warm belt and cold belt therapy on reducing pain in the first stage of labor. This type of research was a quasi-experimental study. The sample of this study was 20 mothers who gave birth at the Kupu Health Center, Tegal Regency which were divided into 2 groups. Data analysis using Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney. The median values of labor pain before and after warm belt therapy were 7.00 and 4.00. Wilcoxon test results p-value of 0.004 (
Good Democratic Governance Can Combat COVID-19-Excess Mortality Analysis
Authors: Annaka Susumu
Published: March 2022

Some scholars argue that democratic countries are in crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic and authoritarian countries tend to combat COVID-19. However, these studies are usually based on reported data susceptible to manipulation and often overlook the variation of government effectiveness even in the same type of political regimes. Using excess mortality data from 144 countries, this study analyzed the interaction effect between political regimes and government effectiveness on excess mortality. The results revealed that democratic countries with higher government effectiveness can reduce excess mortality. This study suggests that democratic countries need not give up freedom and need to improve government effectiveness to combat COVID-19.
Investigation of Lysozyme Diffusion in Agarose Hydrogels Employing a Microfluidics-Based UV Imaging Approach
Authors: Wenger Lukas , Hubbuch Jürgen
Published: March 2022

Hydrogels are polymer-based materials with a high water content. Due to their biocompatible and cell-friendly nature, they play a major role in a variety of biotechnological applications. For many of these applications, diffusibility is an essential property influencing the choice of material. We present an approach to estimate diffusion coefficients in hydrogels based on absorbance measurements of a UV area imaging system. A microfluidic chip with a y-junction was employed to generate a fluid-hydrogel interface and the diffusion of lysozyme from the fluid into the hydrogel phase was monitored. Employing automated image and data processing, analyte concentration profiles were generated from the absorbance measurements and fits with an analytical solution of Fick’s second law of diffusion were applied to estimate diffusion coefficients. As a case study, the diffusion of lysozyme in hydrogels made from different concentrations (0.5–1.5% (w/w)) of an unmodified and a low-melt agarose was investigated. The estimated diffusion coefficients for lysozyme were between 0.80 ± 0.04×10−10 m2 s−1 for 1.5% (w/w) low-melt agarose and 1.14 ± 0.02×10−10 m2 s−1 for 0.5% (w/w) unmodified agarose. The method proved sensitive enough to resolve significant differences between the diffusion coefficients in different concentrations and types of agarose. The microfluidic approach offers low consumption of analyte and hydrogel and requires only relatively simple instrumentation.