bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN PANTAI SEBAGAI WISATA BAHARI DI DESA DADAP KECAMATAN SAMBELIA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Romara Adam , S Fatma Faradilla , Lestari Ewang , R Tri Wulandari , Ghiffary Nabil Al , P Nurul Fitriani , A. Sirrul Aini S. , Ilham Nazriel , Supriatin Lili , Muflin M.
Published: May 2023

Real Work Lecture (KKN) is a form of community service carried out by universities. In the KKN activities carried out in Dadap Village, Sambelia District, East Lombok Regency. University of Mataram KKN-T students carry out activities with the aim of structuring village potential development and economic empowerment of the Dadap Village community. The purpose of implementing this KKN is to answer various social issues that are found, among others, in carrying out village development matters. The result of this activity is building tourism potential in Dadap Village, Sambelia District, East Lombok Regency.
Enhancing Crop Productivity through Zn and B Fertilization in Maize- Blackgram Cropping System
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, M Naveen Saviour , P Stalin ,   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003
Published: May 2023

Field experiment was conducted during 2011-12 in maize-blackgram cropping system to determine the effect of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on the yield and yield components in B and Zn- deficient red soils (Fine loamy hyperthermic Udic Haplustalfs) of Pattukkottai series in Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu. The treatments included for the main crop maize hybrid (NK-6240) and residual blackgram (var.Vamban-3) were three levels of NPK as main plot treatments M 1 : Control (No N , P and K), M 2 : 75% NPK kg ha -1 , M 3 : 100% NPK ha -1 (250:75:75)and nine levels of sub plot treatments as ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1 (S2), 50kg ZnSO4 ha -1 (S3), 10 kg Borax ha -1 (S4), 15 kg Borax ha -1 (S5), 37.5 kg ZnSO4 ha -1 +10 kg Borax ha -1 (S6), 37.5 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 +15 kg Borax ha -1 (S7), 50 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 +10 kg Borax ha -1 (S8) and 50 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 +15 kg Borax ha -1 (S9) and also without application of fertilizers was maintained as absolute control (S1) in split plot design. Results revealed that application of ZnSO 4 and Borax @ 37.5 kg +10 kg ha -1 respectively combined with recommended 100% NPK ha-1 (M 3 S 6 ) significantly recorded the highest grain (6.93 t ha -1 ) and stover yield (12.57 t ha-1 ). For residual crop black gram, application of ZnSO4 and Borax @ 50 kg and10 kg ha -1 respectively combined with recommended 100% NPK ha -1 (M 3 S 8 ) significantly recorded the highest seed (747.9 kg ha -1 ) and haulm yield (80.8 kg ha -1 ). Among the different levels of macro with micronutrient combinations, the highest gross income (Rs.1,33,391) was recorded under the treatment 100 % NPK + Zn 10 B 1.0 (M 3 S 8 ) than 37.5 kg ZnSO 4 ha-1 +10 kg Borax ha -1 (M3 S6 ). Hence, in Zn and B deficient soil, combined application of 100% NPK along with 50 kg and10 kg of ZnSO 4 and Borax ha -1 respectively (M 3 S 8 ) may be recommended for enhancing yield and gross income in maize-blackgram cropping system
Impact of Lipo-Chito-Oligosaccharides (LCO) as Foliar Spray on Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Yield
Authors:   Department of Crop Physiology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, V Suganya , G Velu ,   Department of Crop Physiology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, P Jeyakumar ,   Department of Crop Physiology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

The bacterium to plant signal, lipo-chito-oligosaccharides (LCOs) or Nod factors induce cell division and enhance plant growth. In the present study LCO has been applied through foliar spray at two different stages (V 2 ), 20-25 DAS and 40-45 DAS (V 4 ). All the yield contributing parameters were increased by the foliar spray of LCO in soybean and the maximum yield was recorded in LCO @ 300 ml ha -1 at 20-25 DAS. The yield increased by 10.6 per cent at kharif and 14.3 per cent during rabi 2012. Correlation studies indicated that seed yield per hectare exhibited stable positive association vis-a vis number of flowers, pods per plant, fertility co- efficient, 100 grains weight and harvest index at different stages and seasons
Response of Summer Planted Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) to Tillage Practices and Planting Methods
Authors:   Department of Agronomy,G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand - 263145, Singh Gurvinder , Kumar Lalit ,   Department of Agronomy,G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand - 263145, Chandra Subhash ,   Department of Agronomy,G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand - 263145, Bhatnagar Amit ,   Department of Agronomy,G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand - 263145, K P Raverkar ,   Department of Soil Sciences G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand - 263145
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of tillage practices and planting methods on the performance of summer planted sugarcane at GBPUA&T, Pantnagar. Ten treatments comprising two tillage practices (conventional and no pre-planting tillage) and five planting methods (flat, ridge & furrow, trench, dual row trench and pit planting) were laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. No pre-planting tillage significantly increased the emergence percentage over conventional tillage besides attaining the more plant height, leaf area index and number of green leaves. Among different planting methods, maximum emergence (36.48 %) was noticed in trench method. In terms of growth, viz; plant height, number of green leaves and LAI, dual row trench method showed superiority over the remaining methods of the planting . Trench planting gave the maximum number of shoots which in turn also reflected in the maximum number of millable canes (108448 ha -1 ). In spite of non significant differences, no pre-planting tillage produced 1.4 t ha-1 higher cane yield than conventional tillage. No pre planting tillage gave Rs. 10586 ha-1 and Rs. 13311 ha -1 , higher gross and net return, respectively than conventional tillage and also had 12.1 per cent higher benefit cost ratio than conventional tillage. Trench method produced the maximum cane yield (90.8 t ha -1 ) which was significantly higher than flat and dual row trench planting. It also gave the maximum gross (Rs. 272989 ha -1 ), net return (Rs. 189278 ha -1 ) and B:C ratio (2.26).
Relative Abundance of Legume Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata Geyer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Pigeonpea and its Relationship with Weather Parameters
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Sampathkumar , C Durairaj ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

Legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Geyer is one of the serious pests occurring during flowering and pod formation stage of pigeonpea. Relative abundance of M. vitrata studied in pigeonpea variety, CORG 7 during Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2011 and 2012 at Department of Pulses, TNAU, Coimbatore revealed that in 2011, the first peak incidence was during 34th SMW (IV week of August) and 36th (I week of September) SMW as 4.44 and 3.68 webbings/ plant respectively followed by the second peak during 50 (II week of December) and 52 nd (IV week of December) SMWs as 9.38 and 5.72 webbings per plant respectively. In 2012, on 50 and 52 nd SMWs (II and IV weeks of December) the peak incidence of 6.21 and 5.10 webbings per plant were recorded respectively. The larval incidence showed a significant negative correlation with maximum temperature (r=0.455*), sunshine hours (r=0.382*) and evaporation (r=402*) and positive correlation with minimum relative humidity (RH) (r=0.399*) and rainfall (r=0.463*). Regression analysis showed all abiotic factors together determine the variation in Maruca damage by 61.4 per cent (R 2 = 0.614).
Freeze Drying on Physiological Characteristics and Sensory Quality of Flowers
Authors:   Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Horticultural college and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, M Visalakshi , M Jawaharlal ,   Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Horticultural college and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, V Thirupathi ,   Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Horticultural college and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003
Published: May 2023

Drying technique of many ornamental flowers by freeze drying retains the quality and longevity of flowers. In this experiment freeze drying effect on different flowers (rose, carnation, jasmine, orchid and chrysanthemum) for flower colour, flower physiology, tissue integrity and moisture content with dry flower shape were studied. Flowers which recorded optimum moisture loss provided rigidity and uniform cell contraction with shape retention while higher moisture loss resulted in shriveled flowers. Light colour flowers retained colour value compared to dark flowers. The carnation (pink) and jasmine flowers recorded optimum percentage of moisture loss due to freeze drying, which did not affect the pigment concentration and retained the colour and shape. These flowers scored better for quality parameters and found suitable for freeze drying in dry flower industry.
Productivity, Weed Control and Economics of Transplanted Rice as Influenced by New Post Emergence Herbicide Bispyribac sodium
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College & Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai - 625 104, R Veeraputhiran , R Balasubramanian ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College & Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai - 625 104
Published: May 2023

Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, to evaluate the new herbicide Bispyribac sodium in transplanted rice on yield and weed control efficiency in transplanted rice varieties ASD 16 and ADT 37 during Kharif 2011 and 2012, respectively. Seven treatments were included in a Randomized Block Design and replicated four times. The treatments consisted of pre– emergence application of Butachlor @1500 g a.i. ha -1 , post emergence application of Bispyribac -sodium 10 SC at 25, 35 and 50 g a.i. ha -1 , weed free, hand weeding twice and unweeded check. The results revealed that the total weed population and dry weight under Bispyribac sodium at 25 g a.i. ha-1 were on par with the higher doses of Bispyribac sodium at 35 and 50 g a.i.ha -1 during both the years of study. The weed control efficiency and weed index under Bispyribac sodium at lower dose were also comparable with that of higher doses indicating the sufficiency of Bispyribac sodium at 25 g a.i.ha -1 for effective weed management in transplanted rice. The effect of Bispyribac sodium at 25 g a.i. ha -1 on producing tillers and panicles was also on par with that of higher doses and twice that of hand weeding and found to be significantly superior to Butachlor application. Post emergence application of Bispyribac sodium at 25 g a.i. ha -1 recorded a grain yield of 6838 and 6510 kg ha -1 during 2011 and 2012, respectively, which were found to be on par with higher doses of Bispyribac sodium, twice hand weeding and weed free; and significantly higher than Butachlor application. Higher economic benefits like net income and benefit-cost ratio were also associated with the application of Bispyribac sodium at 25 g a.i. ha -1 than all the other weed managemnet treatments
Influence of Intercropping Systems, Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Fertilizer Levels on Root Colonization, Root Attributes and Yield of Hybrid Maize
Authors:   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, T Ananthi , M Mohamed Amanullah ,   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

A Field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during winter 2011-12 to study the influence of maize (Zea mays) under different intercropping systems, mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer levels on root growth and grain yield of hybrid maize under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in split – split plot design. The results revealed that the root parameters such as root length, root volume, root dry mass, root- shoot ratio and root colonization were higher under sole maize, inoculation of mycorrhiza and fertilizer levels. Regarding the treatment combinations, 100% RDF along with mycorrhizal inoculation recorded significantly better root parameters. With regard to the yield, sole maize recorded the highest grain and stover yield (8,531 and 12,560 kg ha -1 , respectively). Also mycorrhizal inoculated treatments recorded the highest grain and stover yield (8,892 and 12,849 kg ha -1 , respectively). Regarding the treatment combinations, sole maize along with mycorrhizal inoculation and 125% RDF recorded significantly higher yield parameters and yield. However, the yield was comparable with maize + cowpea intercropping along with mycorrhizal inoculation and application of 100% RDF.
Influence of Potassium Salt based Glyphosate on Weed Control Efficacy and Yield in Winter Irrigated Cotton
Authors:   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, N Viji , K Siddeswaran ,   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, C Chinnusamy ,   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, P Janaki ,   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

A field investigation was carried out at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during winter 2011- 12 to evaluate the new formulation of potassium salt based glyphosate (Roundup Crop Shield 460 SL) on weed control in winter irrigated cotton. Experimental results revealed that, post- emergence application of glyphosate at 1800 g a.e. ha-1 at 35 and 70 days after sowing + Intercultural operation as earthing up at 45 and 55 days after sowing resulted in lower weed density, weed dry weight and higher weed control efficiency. With respect to the relative weed density, broad-leaved weeds were higher at initial stages and grassy weeds were predominant at later stages of cotton. Higher seed cotton yield was obtained with POE glyphosate at 1800 g a.e. ha-1 at 35 and 70 DAS with + Intercultural operation at 45 and 55 DAS (2930 kg ha-1), which was comparable with PE pendimethalin at 750 g a.i. ha-1 + Intercultural operation at 45 and 55 DAS (2710 kg ha-1). Compared treatments without intercultural operation, intercultural operation carried out treatments performed better and recorded more seed cotton yield.
In-vitro Screening of Tomato Genotypes for Drought Tolerance
Authors:   Department of Crop PhysiologyTamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, R Sivakumar , D Durga Devi ,   Department of Environmental Sciences Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nad, C N Chandraseka ,   Department of Environmental Sciences Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nad
Published: May 2023

A study was carried out to assess the drought tolerance ability of 32 tomato genotypes using PEG - 6000 induced moisture stress, on the basis of seedling parameters such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight and vigour index. In vitro screening revealed that seedling characters were reduced significantly at -0.2 MPa compared to control. Among the genotypes LE 18, LE 57, LE 27, LE 13 and LE 118 performed better under stress in terms of germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight and vigour index. Many of the genotypes did not germinate at -0.35 MPa. Varieties like CO 3, PKM 1, TNAU TH CO 3 and COTH 2 showed poor performance in terms of germination percentage, root and shoot length. This result can be used for pot and field level screening and manipulations in tomato cultivars for improvement of drought tolerance.
Foraging Behaviour of Different Honeybees on Sunflower – A Comparative Study
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, M Ramya , M Muthuraman ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, P A Saravanan ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003
Published: May 2023

Sunflower is a bee loving crop. The foraging behaviour of Apis dorsata L. was studied in comparison with Indian bee (A. cerana indica) and stingless bee (Trigona sp.) on this crop. A.dorsata outnumbered the other two bee species on capitulum after anther dehiscence during all the three stages of blooming. A. dorsata population varied at different hours of the day showing a bimodal distribution. The foragers were active from 10.00 to 11.00 am in the forenoon and 2.00 to 3.00 pm in the afternoon. Foraging behaviour showed distinct variation according to the floral reward collected. A.dorsata alone was found to tap the nectar fully due to its longer lapping tongue. Exclusive pollen collectors were rare. Majority of the foragers collected both pollen and nectar. Exclusive nectar foragers intentionally discarded the pollen load before final take off. Rains adversely affected the time of commencement and cessation of foraging. Among all the bee species studied, A.dorsata was the best pollinator of sunflower based on pollinator efficiency index. Wild honey bees like A.dorsata have to be conserved in crop ecosystem where planned pollination with hive bees is not in vogue.
Canopy Management in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Alphonso with reference to Growth and Physiological Characters under Ultra High Density Planting
Authors:   Department of Fruit Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, B Gopu , T N Balamohan ,   Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Theni (TN), P Soman ,   Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd, Jalgaon (MH), India, P Jeyakumar ,   Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different pruning levels on growth and physiological characters in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Alphonso under ultra high density planting during 2010-2011 at Jain Irrigation Systems Limited (JISL) Farms, in Tamil Nadu. The treatments viz., control, light pruning, moderate pruning, heavy pruning, 50 per cent removal of past season growth and total removal of past season growth were imposed on five-year-old uniform sized Alphonso trees grown under spacing of 3 x 2 m. The highest fresh weight of pruned branches and maximum number of new flushes after pruning were registered in T 6 (total removal of past season’s growth). The same treatment recorded the maximum C: N ratio in leaves and shoots during harvesting stage. The highest tree height and canopy diameter (EW and NS) were recorded in T 1 (control). The treatment T 4 (heavy pruning) registered the maximum number of new shoots (8.20) emerged from pruned branch after pruning. The highest number of new shoots per plant was registered in control (T 1 ). The pruning treatments also influenced total chlorophyll contents. Control trees recorded the highest leaf area index in all months of observation compared to other treatments. The treatment T 5 (50 per cent removal of past season’s growth and tipping) recorded the highest light transmission ratio among the treatments.
Genetic Variability and Trait Relationships in Finger Millet(Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) Hybrids
Authors:   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, C Priyadharshini , A Nirmalakumari ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, A John Joel ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, M Raveendran ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

Twenty one hybrids along with seven parents of finger millet were evaluated for genetic variability, nature and magnitude of association among the yield traits and their direct and indirect effects on grain yield. In the present investigation, values of phenotypic coefficients of variability were greater than genotypic coefficients of variability for all the traits studied. High PCV and GCV were recorded for number of productive tillers per plant and moderate PCV and GCV for longest finger length, seed protein content and harvest index indicated large extent of genetic variability for these traits in the material. High heritability along with high genetic advance (% of mean) observed for plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, number of fingers per ear head, longest finger length, seed protein content, harvest index and single plant grain yield, indicating involvement of additive gene action for these traits and phenotypic selection based on these traits in the segregating generations would likely to be more effective. Grain yield had positive correlation with number of productive tillers, finger length and harvest index. On the basis of path analysis, harvest index had high positive direct effect on grain yield and number of productive tillers and finger length had moderate direct effect and revealed true relationship of these traits with grain yield and hence direct selection for these traits would be rewarding for yield improvement.
Seed Development and Maturation Studies in Ambrette(Abelmoschus moschatus Medic.)
Authors:   Department of Seed Science & Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Sundareswaran , S Sathish ,   Department of Seed Science & Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, A Vijayakumar ,   Department of Seed Science & Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

The results of the seed development and maturation studies in ambrette revealed that the pods and seeds attained physiological maturity on 35 days after anthesis as evidenced by the maximum dry weight of pod (2.694 g) and seed (12.63 mg) combined with minimum moisture content of pod (23.45%) and seed (21.64%). The change in colour of pod and seed from green to brown could be considered as a visible index of maturity. The seed quality parameters viz., germination (41%), 100 seed weight (1.468 g), seedling length (16.3 cm) and drymatter (8.0 mg) and vigour index (668) were also maximum at 35 days after anthesis.
Studies on Improving Seed Set and Quality in Glory LilyThrough Pollination Methods
Authors:   Department of Seed Science and Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore - 641 003, B Venudevan , S Sundareswaran ,   Department of Seed Science and Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore - 641 003, A Vijayakumar ,   Department of Seed Science and Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Rajamani ,   Department of Horticulture, TNAU, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the stigma receptivity and method of pollination in improving pod and seed quality in glory lily at Botanical Garden, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Results revealed that, dusting of foreign pollen on the stigma (pollination) one day after anthesis resulted in higher pod set of 88 per cent, while pollination on the day of anthesis resulted in 80 per cent and bud pollination one day before anthesis resulted in 68 per cent pod set. These results clearly revealed that the stigma of glory lily flower was receptive even before anthesis and continued to attain the maximum receptivity one day post anthesis. Among different pollination methods, hand pollination was the best as revealed through the superiority in terms of pod and seed yield parameters such as maximum pod set (96 %), higher pod length (8.4 cm), pod girth (6.8 cm) and weight of pod (4.92 g) and higher seed weight per pod (3.04 g), number of seeds per pod (74.0) and shelling percentage (61.78 %) accompanied with better seed quality parameters such as higher germination (54 %) and vigour index (1252) of the seeds in glory lily.
Studies on Gene Effects in IntervarietalCrosses of Hirsutum Cotton
Authors:   Punjab Agricultural University Regional Research Station, Bathinda, Punjab - 151 001, M Paramjit Singh , V P Mittal ,   Punjab Agricultural University Regional Research Station, Bathinda, Punjab - 151 001, K R Brar ,   Punjab Agricultural University Regional Research Station, Bathinda, Punjab - 151 001
Published: May 2023

Basic sets of six generations of two varietal crosses of cotton were studied to estimate nature and magnitude of gene effects operative in the inheritance of yield components and fibres quality traits. Scaling tests as well as joint scaling test detected the presence of epistasis for seed cotton yield, bolls per plant, boll weight and 2.5% span length in cross LH900 x Senegal and for boll weight, ginning outturn and 2.5% span length in cross LH900 x LRA 5166. Additive-dominance model was sufficient to explain variation in generation means for the remaining traits. Inheritance pattern of various traits differed in the two crosses and additive as well as non-additive gene effects were found to be important. Keeping in view the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects, it was suggested that sophisticated selection procedures as recurrent selection and population improvement might be followed for simultaneous improvement of yield and fibre characters.
Prospects of Intercropping Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Coconut Garden
Authors:   Coconut Research Station, Veppankulam - 614 906, Tamil Nadu, S Mohandas
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Veppankulam in 36 years old coconut garden to explore the possibility of intercropping herbal plants. Among the three medicinal and two aromatic plants evaluated, based on the performance and economics all the selected herbal plants viz., Alpina galanga (Sitharathai), Aloe vera, (Chotru kathalai) Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Symbopogan flexuosus (Lemon grass) and Pogestemon Patchouli (Patchouli) were found to be suitable intercrops in adult coconut garden. Based on the marketability and soil suitability, coconut farmers can choose any of the herbal crops and grow them profitably as intercrop in coconut and get additional revenue from their coconut garden.
Effect of Textile and Dye Industrial Pollution on Irrigation Water Quality of Noyyal River Basin of Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Water Technology Centre Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, K M Sellamuthu , C Mayilswami ,   Water Technology Centre Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, A Valliammai ,   Water Technology Centre Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, S Chellamuthu ,   Water Technology Centre Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003
Published: May 2023

CTo assess the quality of ground water and its suitability for irrigation, a study was carried out during pre and post monsoon seasons of 2006-2007. In the present study, the ground water samples from open wells, bore wells and dug cum bore wells were collected in the Noyyal river basin that encompasses the urban and industrial stretch of Tirupur. The values of EC ranged from 0.41 to 15.95 dSm-1 and pH ranged from 7.61 to 8.61. Sodium dominated among the cations and chloride among the anions. The sequence of cations found to be Na + >Mg 2+ >Ca 2+ >K + and anions followed the sequence of Cl - > SO 4 2- >HCO 3 - >CO 3 2- . Salinity and sodicity classes were assessed as per Richards (1969). Very high salinity category (C4) dominated (56.90 per cent) and low sodium (S 1 class) (74.14 per cent) category recorded the major classes of salinity and sodicity respectively. Residual sodium carbonate and Residual Sodium Bicarbonate content classified under satisfactory with 68.9 per cent (<1.25 m.e L -1 ) and 87.93 per cent (<5 m.e L-1 ) respectively. Classification of the samples based on salinity and SAR indicated that 68.97 per cent of samples did not pose infiltration problem to the soils and 31.03 per cent will result in slight to moderate infiltration due to irrigation. It was found that 50 per cent of samples having slight to moderate (0.7 t0 3.0 dSm -1 ) salinity problem followed by 43.01 per cent under severe salinity (>3.0 dSm-1 ). Sodium and chloride toxicity were found in majority of the samples. Slight to moderate toxicity of sodium (SAR>9) was recorded by 67.24 per cent of samples which may cause accumulation of sodium over a long period.
Impact of Nutrient Management and Agro-forestry Systems on Growth and Yield of Sunflower
Authors:   Department of Agroecology and Environment, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Aarhus University, Blichers Allé, Postbox 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark, P Panneerselvam , P Murali Arthanari ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on growth, yield parameters and yield of sunflower grown under neem (Azadirachta indica) and melia (Melia azadirach) trees during kharif 2009 at Student's Farm, College of Agriculture, Hyderabad. Dry matter production, crop growth rate, leaf area index, yield components and yield of sunflower was higher in sole cropping of sunflower compared to sunflower grown under neem or melia trees. Higher sunflower yield was recorded under sole cropping (560 kg /ha) compared to sunflower grown under neem and melia trees with yields of 461 and 317 kg /ha respectively. Application of subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) green leaf manure at 5 t / ha + 30 kg N/ha produced more growth, yield parameters, and yield of sunflower compared to other nutrient management practices. The studies suggested that sunflower was compatible with neem trees. However, melia trees had severe impact on growth, yield and yield parameters. Application of green leaf manure with half of recommended dose of nitrogen recorded better yield than recommended dose of nitrogen alone.
Delineation of Ground Water Recharge Zones in Hard Rock Terrain of Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Department of Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, M V Ranghaswami , B Sarojini Devi ,   Department of Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, C Mayilswami ,   Water Technology Centre Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

Ground water resources diminish at alarming rates in hard rock regions as it is the primary source of irrigation as well as domestic purpose. Periodic replenishment of ground water in these areas is only through rainfall. Delineation of potential groundwater recharge zones in hard rock areas is of vital importance to enhance the recharge. Conventionally, suitable zone for groundwater recharge is deciphered using hydrogeological, geophysical and geomorphological maps, which is often time consuming and uneconomical. But, the analysis of unconfined aquifer response in terms of rise in water level due to precipitation in hard rock areas is one of the rapid and cost-effective methods. Cross-correlation of rise in water level and precipitation is established for Parambikulam-Aliyar-Palar (PAP) basin of TamilNadu, India to delineate groundwater recharge zones. The entire area is classified into various recharge zones depending on coefficient of correlation. Thus, decisions on construction of recharge structures / optimal pumping in these areas can be decided for sustainable ground water resource management to meet future demands.
Pseudomonas fluorescens for the Management of Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato
Authors:   Department of Nematology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, P G Kavitha , E I Jonathan ,   Department of Nematology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Sankari Meena ,   Department of Nematology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted in Coimbatore district to study the efficacy of the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens for the management of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato. Soil application of the native isolates Pft 20 @ 2.5 kg/ha significantly reduced the nematode infestation in all the bacterized plants both in soil and roots with the least number of adult females, number of egg masses, number of eggs per egg mass and gall index and besides increased the plant growth, total soluble sugars and lycopene content of the fruit.
Enhancing Productivity of Summer Irrigated Cotton Through Plant Growth Regulator and Foliar Nutrition 248
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai - 625104, K Rajendran , A Palchamy ,   Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai - 625104, K Sankaranarayanan ,   Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Coimbatore - 641003, K Prabakaran ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai - 625104, K Bhararhi ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai - 625104
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai to study the influence of plant growth regulator (NAA 40 ppm) and foliar nutrition (DAP 2%, KCl 1%) on summer irrigated cotton for enhancing the productivity along with recommended dose of fertilizers 60:30:30 Kg N,P 2 O 5 ,K 2 O ha -1 . The growth characters of cotton such as plant height, leaf area index and plant dry matter production at various stages crop growth (60,90 and 120 DAS) were greatly influenced by application of RDF NPK with NAA 40 ppm and DAP 2% foliar spray either at peak flowering and boll development stages or at squaring peak flowering stages. Yield attributes of cotton viz., number of symbodial branches plant-1 , fruiting points plant -1 , bolls plant -1 and boll weight were increased in the alone promising treatments as compared to control and other treatments. As a result, higher seed cotton yield (19.29 q ha-1 ) was obtained in cotton receiving RDF and sprayed with NAA 40 ppm and DAP 2% either at square formation and peak flowering or peak flowering and boll development stage. Quality characters of cotton like seed index, lint index, ginning percentage, Bartlett's index, bundle strength and fibre finess were not influenced.
Biology and Morphology of Aonla Aphid, Schoutedonia emblica
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Jamuna Devi , B Rajasekaran ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

The fecundity, nymphal development and longevity of aonla aphid, Schoutedonia emblica were studied. The aphid was exclusively viviparous and parthenogenetic. The duration of first, second and third nymphal instars were 3.4±0.46, 2.5±0.55 and 3.0±0.74 days respectively with a total nymphal duration was 8.9 days. The average length and breadth of adult aphid was 1.60±0.01 and 0.79±0.02 mm respectively. The adult aphid lived upto 12.8±1.58 days and had a fecundity rate of 28.4±2.63.
Adoption Behaviour of Fish Farmers in Critical Inland Fish Culture Technologies in Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Directorate of Students Welfare, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, A Pounraj , T Rathakrishnan ,   Directorate of Students Welfare, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

This study on the factors influencing adoption behaviour of fish farmers towards critical technologies in inland fish culture was carried out during 2009-10 in Thiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu. The data were collected using a well structured and pre tested interview schedule from 120 randomly selected fish farmers. The findings revealed that majority (82%) of fish farmers possessed medium to high level of knowledge and more than three - fourth (76%) of them belonged to medium to high level adopter category. The adoption behaviour of fish farmers towards critical inland fish culture technologies was significantly influenced by the factors like, occupation, annual income, land holding, extent of weed infestation, social participation, mass media participation, extension agency contact, cosmopoliteness, innovative proneness, value orientation, risk orientation, economic motivation, knowledge about critical inland fish culture technologies and negatively by their age. Based on the above findings the study recommends more number of knowledge building activities like meetings, discussions, mass media etc., to increase knowledge and thereby adoption of critical inland fish culture technologies. Economic benefits of critical inland fish culture technologies need to be and cosmopolite methods and channels like exposure visits, study tours etc need to be organized. More number of young fish farmers need to be trained in critical inland fish culture technologies.
Developing a Test to Measure the Knowledge of Stakeholders on Eco-friendly Rice Farming
Authors:   Cropping Systems Research Centre, Kerala Agricultural University Karamana P.O. Thiruvananthapuram - 695 002, K P Smitha , A Anil Kumar ,   Kerala Agricultural University, College of Agriculture Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram
Published: May 2023

Rice wetland eco-system being highly fragile, the adverse effects of input intensive farming is prominent and far-reaching. It is very important in today's context to assess the knowledge level of stakeholders in eco-friendly rice farming, as this is integral in the adoption of such practices in rice. Hence a study was designed to develop a test and standardize it to measure the knowledge of stakeholders in eco-friendly rice farming. Item analysis comprising of difficulty index and discrimination index was employed in the test construction and the final test comprising of 15 items, with difficulty index value in the range of 10-75 and discrimination index ranging from 0.20 to 0.90 was standardized for administration.
Influence of Fertilizer Levels and Mycorrhiza on Yield Attributes, Yield and Grain Quality of Hybrid Maize
Authors:   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, T Ananthi , M Mohamed Amanullah ,   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K S Subramanian ,   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during kharif 2009 to study the influence of mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer levels on the yield and grain quality of hybrid maize under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. Four fertilizer levels viz., 200:100:100, 150:100:100, 200:75:100 and 150:75:100 NPK kg ha -1 were the treatments under factor 'A'. Two mycorrhizal treatments viz., no inoculation of mycorrhiza (control) (M - ) and inoculation of mycorrhiza (M + ) were included under factor 'B'. The results revealed that application of 200:100:100 NPK kg ha -1 recorded higher yield attributes, yield and higher crude protein content. Among the mycorrhiza, mycorrhizal inoculated treatments recorded higher grain and stover yield. Regarding the treatment combinations, application of 150: 75:100 NPK kg ha -1 along with mycorrhizal inoculation recorded significantly higher yield parameters and yield. However, the yield was comparable with 200:75:100 NPK kg ha -1 along with mycorrhizal inoculation. Higher dose of NPK resulted in higher crude protein content but starch content showed a declining trend.
Field Evaluation of Biocontrol Agents for the Management of Major Insect Pests of Coleus
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College Research Institute, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Thangavel , R K Murali Baskaran ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College Research Institute, Madurai - 625 104, D S Rajavel ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College Research Institute, Madurai - 625 104, K Suresh ,   Department of Spices and Plantation Crops, Horticultural College Research Institute, Periyakulam - 625 604
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was laid at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during June – November 2009 to evaluate the efficacy of various bio-control agents individually and in different combinations for the management of major insect pests of coleus. Five releases of Chrysoperla carnea (50,000 eggs/ha) at monthly interval were effective in reducing the incidence of thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis), recording the mean population of 8.2 nos./sq.cm with 60.0 per cent reduction over untreated check. Single release of C. carnea on 30 Days after Planting (DAP), Trichogramma chilonis on 60 DAP, single spray of Beauveria bassiana on 90 DAP and two rounds of spray of Bacillus thuringiensis on 120 and 150 DAP were effective against defoliator (Orphanostigma abruptalis), recording the lowest mean population of 2.6 nos./five plants with a reduction of 69.4 per cent over untreated check and the highest yield of 20,643 kg wet tubers/ha.
Yield Gap Analysis of Kharif Groundnut Cultivation Through Front Line Demonstration in Plateau Ecosystem
Authors:   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Deogarh - 768 119, Orissa., S K Nath , K C Barik ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Deogarh - 768 119, Orissa.
Published: May 2023

This study was undertaken in Deogarh district of Orissa coming under North-Western plateau agro climatic zone. Front Line Demonstration on groundnut was taken by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Deogarh during kharif season from 2007-08 to 2010-11 for fifty farmers. Timely sowing, interculture with integrated nutrient management (INM) practices like application of Paper Mill Sludge (PMS) 5q ha -1 , gypsum 2.5q ha -1 and recommended dose of fertiliser were found the factors behind the average yield gap of 3.9q ha -1 . It was observed that the BC ratio was 1.76 for farmers’ practice and was 2.14 for recommended practice during 2010-11. Farmers perceived the variety and time of sowing were the major factors contributing to yield gap.
Addressing reproductive healthcare disparities: strategies for achieving health equity
Authors: Irene Moridi
Published: May 2023

Reproductive health care disparity is a significant public health issue that affects many populations. This disparity stems from various factors, including race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, geographic location, and education level. Such inequality results in adverse health outcomes such as unintended pregnancy, infertility and sexually transmitted infections among certain populations. Therefore, addressing reproductive health care disparities requires increasing access to affordable and comprehensive reproductive health services, promoting culturally competent care, improving access to family planning services and addressing barriers to care. Furthermore, promoting comprehensive sexuality education and addressing the root causes of inequality are also crucial in eliminating reproductive health care disparities. By addressing these disparities, we can ensure that all individuals have equal access to quality reproductive health care and services, leading to improved health outcomes for everyone.
Peripheral perfusion index in critically ill COVID-19 and its association with multiorgan dysfunction
Authors: Cornu Matias German , Tonelier Matias , Roel Pedro , Sanhueza Laura , Orozco Sergio Martin , Sepulveda Mariana Elizabet , Svampa Silvana Enrica , Arana Osorio Erick , Martinuzzi Andres Luciano Nicolas
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Severe cases of COVID-19 presented a high incidence of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) during their evolution. This was attributed to a theoretical cytokine storm, where microcirculatory disorders would play a fundamental role, causing these patients to present a sepsis-like pattern as observed in sublingual microcirculation studies. The evidence in this regard is controversial. The Peripheral Perfusion Index is a reliable method to continuously and non-invasively assess the microcirculatory bed, which assesses the pulsatile (PPI) component of the plethysmographic pulse curve. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study to evaluate the behavior of the PPI in patients with severe respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 and its association with SDOM. Results: We evaluated 60 patients with APACHE II 14.6 ± 4.4 and SOFA 4.7 ± 2.1. 55% of the patients presented SDOM. Perfusion monitoring showed IP values of 5.32 ± 1.87 that were associated with normal lactate levels of 1.49 mmol/L (min 0.89/ max 2.20 mmol/L). The PPI values between the living and the dead did not show a significant difference (p = 0.854) or the presence of SDOM. The PPI values between the patients who presented renal failure, hemodynamics, or perfusion disorders were determined by the presence of hyperlactatemia, and for those who did not present these characteristics, no statistical difference was found; neither when stratified by PaFiO2 ratio. Mortality was 55%. Conclusion: In our series of patients with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19, we found high PPI values, which would correspond to a pattern of capillary recruitment, and the associated organ injury could not be substantiated by this phenomenon.
Nanometer-scale distribution of PD-1 in the melanoma tumor microenvironment
Authors: Colin J Comerci , Dannielle G McCarthy , Mehdi Nosrati , Kevin B Kim , Mohammed Kashani-Sabet , WE Moerner , Stanley P Leong
Published: May 2023

The nanometer-scale spatial organization of immune receptors plays a role in cell activation and suppression. While the connection between this spatial organization and cell signaling events is emerging from cell culture experiments, how these results translate to more physiologically relevant settings like the tumor microenvironment remains poorly understood due to the challenges of high-resolution imaging in vivo. Here we perform super-resolution immunofluorescence microscopy of human melanoma tissue sections to examine the spatial organization of the immune checkpoint inhibitor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). We show that PD-1 exhibits a variety of organizations ranging from nanometer-scale clusters to more uniform membrane labeling. Our results demonstrate the capability of super-resolution imaging to examine the spatial organization of immune checkpoint markers in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting a future direction for both clinical and immunology research.