bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why are state prison populations shrinking? A research note
Authors: Duxbury Scott W.
Published: February 2025

After four decades of explosive growth, the US imprisonment rate began to inch downward in 2008. Despite fostering extensive public and policy debate, we know surprisingly little about why state imprisonment rates are declining. Although prior studies have examined correlates of decreases in imprisonment, it is currently unknown how much of the observed decrease in state prison populations can be attributed to decreases in the crime rate since its peak in the 1990s, as opposed to successful criminal sentencing reforms. This study uses new data on state sentencing reform policies in a decomposition of annual changes in state imprisonment rates between 1970 and 2019. Decreases in the property crime rate can account for 43%–60% of the observed decrease in the annual change in state imprisonment rates, whereas sentencing reforms account for another 12%–16%. Sentencing reforms have had their largest effects in the Midwest and South but have not contributed to decreases in the annual change in state imprisonment rates in the Northeast or West. These results uncover “varieties of decarceration” across the states and suggest that recent reform efforts—although effective—can only account for a portion of the observed decreases in state prison populations.
Twin‐screw extrusion retains industrial hemp byproduct (hemp flakes) functionality
Authors: Baidoo Elvis A. , Verghese Martha , Herring Joshua L.
Published: February 2025

Consumer recognition of the health benefits of industrial hemp cannabidiol (CBD) products has increased its value to consumers. Consequently, there is a need to explore industrial hemp byproducts to improve sustainability and foster a circular economy. Extrusion processing was conducted with formulations made with hemp flakes, a byproduct of CBD oil extraction based on corn flour with 5%, 10%, and 15% hemp flakes replacement using a laboratory‐scale conical twin‐screw extruder. The impacts of formulation, barrel temperature, and screw speed on extrudates were evaluated. Cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerol (CBG), and CBD were determined with high‐performance liquid chromatography before and postextrusion. Antioxidant potential (total polyphenol content [TPC] and 1,1‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay [DPPH]) and ferric‐reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) were determined similarly. Increasing hemp flakes in the formula reduced pasting properties significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Expansion ratio (ER) showed significant linear effects with the amount of hemp flakes in the formula (p ≤ 0.05) and die temperature (p ≤ 0.05), while the 10% hemp formula recorded the highest ER of 3.24 (p ≤ 0.05). Extrusion generally reduced TPC, DPPH, FRAP, and cannabinoids compared to raw formulas. Low screw speeds and medium barrel temperatures displayed high retention of cannabinoids and antioxidants. Low screw speeds might have allowed adequate shearing, mixing, and an extended high‐pressure exposure leading to the release of bound polyphenols, antioxidants, and cannabinoids. Some extrusion parameters can maintain cannabinoids and antioxidants in hemp byproducts while transforming them into puffed food products. These findings directly affect the industry, providing valuable insights for practical application.

Practical Application

Extrusion cooking remains one of the most economical methods of valorizing agricultural byproducts. This work developed extrusion parameters applicable to the food industry for making quality puffed food products. It could apply to snacks, breakfast cereals, animal feed, and others with desirable consumer properties and retained functionality for improving health and wellness.
Review on improvement of physicochemical properties of sodium alginate‐based edible films
Authors: Luan Qian‐Yu , Wang Yu‐Sheng , Chen Yan , Chen Hai‐Hua
Published: February 2025

Sodium alginate (SA) is favored for its film‐forming ability, biodegradability, and non‐toxicity, often serving as a substrate for edible films. However, the application of SA‐based edible films in the food industry is limited due to their inherent strong hydrophilicity and high brittleness. To enhance their physical and chemical properties, various exogenous compounds are frequently incorporated. This review summarizes the advancements in the physicochemical properties (mechanical, optical, thermal, hydrophobic, and barrier properties) of SA‐based edible films over the past decade. It discusses the types of exogenous additives used and their effects on the properties of these films. Additionally, it highlights the applications of SA‐based edible films enriched with functional compounds in areas such as food freshness detection, antioxidation, and antibacterial activity. It has been observed that the characteristics of SA‐based edible films vary depending on the properties and structures of the exogenous compounds used, as well as their interactions with the SA matrix. SA‐based edible films with functional additives demonstrate significant potential for extending food shelf life and enhancing freshness detection. However, challenges such as scalability, high production costs, and limited application scope still need to be addressed in future research.
Ultrasound‐assisted pH‐shifted mung bean protein isolate nanoparticles in calcium carbonate microparticles for oral delivery of vitexin
Authors: Rodklongtan Akkaratch , Dumrongchai Thatchawan , Chitprasert Pakamon
Published: February 2025

Vitexin, known for its potent bioactive properties, suffers from low bioavailability due to poor water solubility, limited intestinal permeability, and extensive first‐pass metabolism. This research aimed to address these challenges by developing effective delivery systems for vitexin. Vitexin was nanoencapsulated with mung bean protein isolate (MBPI), both in its native form and after ultrasound‐assisted pH‐shifting treatments at pH 10 and 12. Additionally, vitexin‐loaded MBPI nanoparticles were coprecipitated with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to form nano‐in‐microparticles. Ultrasound‐assisted pH shifting, particularly at pH 12, induced protein unfolding and increased surface hydrophobicity, which enhanced hydrophobic interactions between MBPI and vitexin and improved encapsulation efficiency. During in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the ultrasound‐assisted pH‐shifted MBPI nanoparticles exhibited a lower degree of hydrolysis (DH) compared to native MBPI nanoparticles. Their integration into CaCO3 microparticles further reduced DH values. The release of vitexin from MBPI nanoparticles prepared at pH 12 and then encapsulated in CaCO3 microparticles followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, with a particle size of 40.14 nm and a high logarithmic partition coefficient between n‐octanol and phosphate buffer saline (1.91) at the end of digestion. These findings indicate that this delivery system holds significant potential for enhancing the intestinal permeability and bioavailability of vitexin.
Incidence and predictors of nonresponse to intranasal midazolam in children undergoing laceration repair
Authors: Martin Sarah R. , Bauer Kelly , Heyming Theodore W. , Zhu Jenny , Lee Helen , Kain Zeev N.
Published: February 2025

Background/objective

Pediatric laceration repairs are common in the emergency department (ED) and often associated with significant procedural anxiety. Despite the increased use of intranasal midazolam (INM) prior to pediatric ED procedures, there is limited, real‐world data on the effects of INM on anxiety. This study aimed to describe the proportion of children who were nonresponsive to INM (i.e., exhibited extreme anxiety) and identify factors associated with INM nonresponse.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included a sample of 102 children (ages 2–10 years) who received 0.2 mg/kg INM prior to laceration repair in the ED. Procedural anxiety was assessed using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS). Children exhibiting extreme procedural anxiety (mYPAS score ≥72.91) when procedure started were labeled as INM nonresponders. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses explored associations between child age, temperament, laceration location, time from INM administration, and likelihood of INM nonresponse.

Results

In this sample, 45.1% of the children were classified as INM nonresponders, exhibiting extreme procedural anxiety. Bivariate analyses indicated that nonresponders were younger, had lower sociability temperament, longer delay between INM administration and the procedure, and were more likely to have extremity lacerations. In the logistic regression, younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.79, p = 0.034), lower sociability temperament (OR 0.28, p = 0.002), and extremity lacerations (OR 8.04, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with likelihood of INM nonresponse.

Conclusions

Nearly half of the children in our sample exhibited extreme procedural anxiety despite receiving INM. The high incidence of nonresponse to INM has important clinical practice implications and suggests that 0.2 mg/kg INM alone may not be sufficient to manage all pediatric procedural anxiety in the ED. Findings highlight a need for further research examining multimodal strategies to manage procedural anxiety in the pediatric ED, particularly for younger children with low sociability temperament or extremity lacerations.
Shaping Ability of Rotary NiTi Systems in S‐Shaped Root Canals of Mandibular Molars
Authors: Leal Renata M. S. , Silva Emmanuel J. N. L. , Campos Maria C. B. P. , Rodrigues Clarissa T. , Duarte Marco A. H. , Cavenago Bruno C.
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the shaping ability of HyFlex EDM and Rotate rotary systems in the preparation of S‐Shaped mesial root canals of mandibular molars (n = 13). After root canal preparation with instruments HyFlex EDM and Rotate 0.25 and 0.40, the specimens were evaluated for root canal volume, volume increase, static voxels, accumulated hard tissue debris, centring ability and canal transportation. After 0.40 preparation, the Rotate group exhibited a greater increase in volume and less accumulated hard‐tissue debris compared to the HyFlex group (p > 0.05). 0.40 preparation with Rotate instruments resulted in greater volume increases across all thirds and less debris in the apical third (p < 0.05). The Rotate group displayed greater transportation and lower centring ability in the apical third after 0.40 preparation (p < 0.05). HyFlex and Rotate demonstrated similar performance up to the 0.25 preparation, and while differences emerged after the 0.40 preparation, both systems provided safe preparation without procedural accidents.
Complex population genetic structure of the bark beetle predator Thanasimus formicarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) across its European range
Authors: Papek Eva , Derlić Amina , Melin Markus , Roques Alain , Cocos Dragos , Schroeder Martin L. , Pernek Milan , Avtzis Dimitrios N. , Zolubas Paulius , Williams David T. , Pajares Juan A. , Sarikaya Oğuzhan , Pavlin Roman , Belilov Sevdalin , Gossner Martin M. , Seehausen M. Lukas , Wierzbicka Anna , Kundtner Lara , Stauffer Christian , Schebeck Martin
Published: February 2025

Thanasimus formicarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) is an important bark beetle predator and can reduce bark beetle population densities of some of the most severe forest pests in Europe.

We analysed the population genetics and phylogeography of T. formicarius across its European range, using mitochondrial COI data from 187 individuals sampled from 23 locations. Our extensive sampling from the Fennoscandian to the Mediterranean region and from Iberia to the Middle East provides insights into the genetic structure of T. formicarius.

We found a high genetic diversity, revealing 119 haplotypes across the sampling range. Two main clades, an Atlantic and a Continental, were identified, suggesting the presence of at least two glacial refugia during the last ice ages.

An isolated population was discovered on the island of Corsica, suggesting that a limited number of individuals, probably from mainland France, may have colonized Corsica and a founder effect occurred.

These findings increase our understanding of the recent evolutionary history of T. formicarius, which was shaped by Pleistocene events and certain species‐specific life‐history traits.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Eczema Management Program for Children With Eczema: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Chong Yuen Yu , Chien Wai Tong , Mou Huan Yu , Leung Sui Ping , Wong Oi Yin , Lam Shu Yan
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Eczema significantly affects the quality of life of affected children and their families, with psychological stress often overlooked. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) provides a supplementary approach to address these psychological challenges and enhance overall care.

Objective

This pilot randomised controlled trial aimed to examine the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of the Family ACT‐based Eczema Management Program (FACT‐EMP).

Methods

Parents and children aged 6–12 diagnosed with eczema from three outpatient clinics in Hong Kong were randomly assigned to either the FACT‐EMP group, receiving four weekly ACT‐based sessions plus eczema management education, or a waitlist control group receiving routine care. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed through recruitment, retention and completion rates, supplemented by focus group feedback on parental experiences. Primary clinical outcomes were children's eczema Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and parental self‐efficacy. Secondary outcomes included parental distress, quality of life, psychological flexibility and self‐compassion of both parents and children.

Results

From July 2021 to June 2023, 181 of 944 screened parent–child dyads met the inclusion criteria, and 78 were randomised and analysed (parents' mean [SD] age, 41.3 [11.0] years; 70 mothers [89.7%]; children's mean [SD] age, 8.3 [1.9] years; 53 boys [67.9%]). Recruitment, retention and completion rates were 43.1%, 87.2% and 76.9%, respectively. No significant between‐group differences in SCORAD scores were observed immediately post‐intervention. At 3‐month post‐intervention, SCORAD scores decreased significantly more in the FACT‐EMP group than in the waitlist control group (adjusted mean difference, aMD, −7.73; 95% CI, −13.92 to −1.54). Parental self‐efficacy scores also improved significantly more in the FACT‐EMP group than the control, with an aMD of 18.69 (95% CI, 13.80 to 33.58) immediately post‐intervention and 28.90 (95% CI, 13.93 to 43.84) at 3 months.

Conclusion

FACT‐EMP is potentially feasible, acceptable and effective in improving children's eczema symptoms and enhancing parents' self‐efficacy in disease management over 3 months.

Trial Registration

NCT04919330
First episode of catatonia followed by a psychotic episode related to chronic nitrous oxide use: A case report
Authors: Taillefer de Laportalière Tanguy , Redon Maximilien , Roussin Anne , Willemet Estelle , Very Etienne , Olivier Jean , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Nitrous oxide is widely used for recreational purposes, leading to constantly increasing cases of severe use disorder. Although the scope of the deleterious consequences of nitrous oxide use is relatively well described for neurological and thromboembolic‐related complications, this is not the case in the psychiatric field.

Case Presentation

We report the case of a 20‐year‐old woman who developed nitrous oxide‐induced peripheral neuropathy. The patient had a history of frequent nitrous oxide use. One year later, she presented with catatonia linked to nitrous oxide use, associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia, with no apparent psychiatric causes. Nine months after the catatonic episode, she experienced a psychotic episode linked to long‐term nitrous oxide use.

Discussion and Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing a cascade of neurologic and psychiatric complications of chronic use of nitrous oxide. Hyperhomocysteinemia caused by nitrous oxide consumption could explain the occurrence of such events. Homocysteine, methylmalonic acid, and active vitamin B12 are key biomarkers to determine the involvement of nitrous oxide in psychiatric symptoms.
Three‐dimensional optically cleared tissue imaging for analyzing endoscopic images of gastrointestinal neoplasms (with video)
Authors: Nakamura Koki , Morishita Koki , Onda Nobuhiko , Sakai Ikuko , Matsumoto Shinya , Tamura Eri , Kouyama Yuta , Ogawa Yushi , Misawa Masashi , Hayashi Takemasa , Miyachi Hideyuki , Kudo Shin‐ei , Nemoto Tetsuo
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To develop a procedure that matches magnifying endoscopic images with narrow‐band imaging to 3D tissue structures using a tissue‐clearing technique and to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze specified structures in gastrointestinal neoplasms.

Methods

Endoscopically resected formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded gastrointestinal tissues (three esophagus, four stomach, seven colon) were made transparent by ethyl cinnamate. They were then subjected to fluorescent staining of nuclei and blood vessels followed by 3D imaging using a confocal laser scanning microscope. A one‐to‐one correspondence between magnifying endoscopic and 3D reconstructed images was established using vessels and crypts with characteristic shapes as guides, and the depth and caliber of specified vessels were measured.

Results

All tissues were optically cleared, which allowed 3D visualization of vascular structures and nuclei in all layers. In the esophagus, intraepithelial papillary capillary loops and subepithelial capillary networks were identified. In the upper part of the stomach, polygonal subepithelial capillary loops surrounding the pits were observed, while in the lower part, surface epithelium with ridge‐like structures and coiled vessels were observed. A honeycomb pit structure and surrounding vascular structures were identified in the colon. Quantitative analysis showed the various contrasts of a single continuous vessel in the endoscopic image were due to different depths at which the vessel tortuously ran.

Conclusion

We established a procedure to allow one‐to‐one correspondence between magnifying endoscopic and 3D reconstructed images and to measure the depth and caliber of endoscopically visualized vessels of interest. This method is expected to improve endoscopic diagnosis and further the development of endoscopic imaging technologies.
Quantitative Estimates of Nutrient Inputs From Angling Baits in Lakes Supporting Different Recreational Fisheries
Authors: Imbert Alexis , Boulêtreau Stéphanie , Beisel Jean‐Nicolas , Cucherousset Julien
Published: February 2025

Recreational anglers use ground baiting to attract fish and increase catch inputs organic matter that can have important effects on water quality by increasing eutrophication. However, nutrient inputs from angling bait by recreational fisheries have not yet been estimated. We quantified nutrient inputs from angling baits in small lakes supporting specialized carp, put‐and‐take, and specialized roach recreational fisheries with a 2‐year field survey of angling activity and in‐person angler questionnaires. Angling activity was highly variable among recreational fisheries and averaged 82 (±74 SD) angler‐day/ha/year in lakes with specialized carp fisheries, 145 (±80) in lakes with put‐and‐take fisheries, and 36 (±18) in lakes with specialized roach fisheries. Angling activity also differed temporally among recreational fisheries, with high angling activity in spring and summer for specialized carp and specialized roach fisheries, and in autumn and winter for put‐and‐take fisheries. The type and amount of baits used by anglers strongly differed among recreational fisheries, with specialized carp anglers using boilies (2.5 ± 1.5 SD kg/angler/day) and seeds (2.1 ± 1.9 kg/angler/day), put‐and‐take anglers using exclusively pellets (0.39 ± 0.15 kg/angler/day), and specialized roach anglers using ground baits (0.72 ± 0.36 kg/angler/day). Nutrient inputs from angling baits were highly variable among recreational fisheries and ranged from 0.5 (±0.2 SD) kg/ha/year of nitrogen and 0.1 (±0.0) kg/ha/year of phosphorus in specialized roach fisheries to 10.2 (±9.3) kg/ha/year of nitrogen and 1.6 (±1.5) kg/ha/year of phosphorus in specialized carp fisheries. Our findings revealed that ecological consequences of ground baiting differed among recreational fisheries, which should be useful for developing fishery‐specific regulations to efficiently manage ground baiting.
Prevalence of Dental Caries in Persons With or Without Long‐Term Experience of Positive Airway Pressure‐Treated Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: Ahonen H. , Berggren K. , Kvarnvik C. , Sunnergren O. , Lindmark U. , Broström A. , Stensson M.
Published: February 2025

Oral dryness is common in persons with untreated obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) as well as in those using positive airway pressure (PAP). OSA with or without PAP treatment could therefore be a risk factor of dental caries.

Objectives

To describe and compare the prevalence of dental caries among persons with or without PAP‐treated OSA.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data derived from a clinical examination of 121 adults without OSA, and with or without long‐time experience of PAP treated OSA (> 10 years) were used. The participants responded to a questionnaire and were clinically and radiographically examined. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth, decayed surfaces, gingivitis and presence of dental plaque were registered. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe dental caries prevalence among groups. To compare groups, one‐way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests was conducted.

Results

Participants (52% females, mean age 69.5 ± 5.8 years) were categorised into groups based on OSA status; non‐OSA (n = 49), non‐PAP‐treated OSA (n = 38), and PAP‐treated OSA (n = 34). Dental caries prevalence showed no statistically significant differences among groups, except for occlusal caries, where the PAP‐treated OSA group had a higher mean compared to the non‐OSA group (p = 0.033). Most participants did not report xerostomia, but the highest prevalence was found in the non‐PAP‐treated OSA group (31.6%).

Conclusions

The prevalence of dental caries was slightly higher in persons with PAP treated OSA compared to non‐PAP‐treated OSA and persons without OSA, but the results were not statistically significant.
OPTIMAL REDISTRIBUTION AND EDUCATION SIGNALING
Authors: Bastani Spencer , Blumkin Tomer , Micheletto Luca
Published: February 2025

We develop a theory of optimal income and education taxation under asymmetric information between firms and workers. Our results show that a max–min optimal tax code can achieve predistribution by pooling wages across ability levels, conditional on income. We identify conditions under which the optimal solution leads to pooling or separating equilibria, highlighting bidirectional incentive constraints. Implementation requires nonlinear income taxes coupled with education subsidies or mandates. Predistribution is only feasible when income taxes are complemented by policies that restrict signaling opportunities. Our framework provides new insights into reducing wage inequality through optimal tax policy and labor market information management.
Effect of alkaline earth metal ions R2+ (R = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) on the properties of LiNbO3 glass ceramics
Authors: Yang Yongkang , Feng Xu , Huang Yuhao , Wang Jiapeng , Yuan Lei , Zhang Qi , Fu Qiang , Zhou Shifeng
Published: February 2025

As a functional crystal, LiNbO3 plays a significant role in nonlinear optics, optical storage, illumination, and three‐dimensional display. Recent investigations have suggested that the precipitation of LiNbO3 in a nonequilibrium system shows unique crystallite geometry and orientation, leading to fascinating nonlinear optical properties. This work focuses on the effect of alkaline earth metal ions on the properties of Li2O–Nb2O5–SiO2 glass ceramics. The results demonstrate that within the Li2O–Nb2O5–SiO2 glass matrix, irregularly shaped crystals of approximately 5 µm in size precipitate through volume crystallization. Upon incorporation of Mg2+, the glass ceramic remains in volume crystallization while LiNbO3 crystals grow to 10 µm and become spherical. In contrast, the compositions containing Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ change to surface crystallization, producing submicron or even nano‐sized crystals. Besides, the nonlinear optical response can be improved after the hybridization of alkaline earth metal oxides. This research offers insights into the crystallization behavior of LiNbO3 crystals from the nonequilibrium environment.
Hard‐To‐Reach and Hidden Groups in Health‐Related Research—A Scoping Review
Authors: Törnävä Minna , Palonen Mira , Harju Eeva , Haapa Toni , Rissanen Marja‐Liisa , Kylmä Jari
Published: February 2025

Aims

The aim of this scoping review was to identify hard‐to‐reach and hidden groups in health‐related research and to understand the recruitment methods used with these groups.

Design

The presented scoping review has an exploratory perspectiveand was conducted in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines.

Data Sources

A comprehensive search of CINAHL and MEDLINE databases was performed for studies published up to November 2022. The searches were updated in December 2024.

Review Methods

Relevant papers were identified via specific search terms and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two authors independently assessed eligible literature and extracted relevant data, which was analysed and synthesised to answer the research questions. The analysis method used was descriptive analysis with quantification.

Results

Overall, 1024 studies were screened. The included studies were published between 2001 and 2022. A total of 41 studies were included in the review. In this data, groups were defined mostly as hard‐to‐reach and hidden. The groups were divided into eight categories: LGBTQ+ community, intoxicant users, sex workers and their clients, marginalised groups, mental health care seekers and users, impaired persons, people living outside their original home country and victims of abuse or neglect. Recruitment methods were varied, with snowball sampling, respondent‐based sampling and websites being the most used.

Conclusion

This review provides insight into the current knowledge on hard‐to‐reach and hidden study groups. In studies targeting hard‐to‐reach and hidden groups, the use of concepts is variable and inconsistent.

Impact

In clinical nursing practice, it is important to identify hidden and hard‐to‐reach groups, as the goal of equality is to improve the health and well‐being of all individuals, including marginalised groups.

Reporting Method

Reporting was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis ex‐tension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR).

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
The Outcomes of Implementing Logistician Positions on NURSES' Job Satisfaction in Hospitals: A Mixed‐Method Study
Authors: Delpy Michelle , Jovet‐Rossignol Laure , Oliveira‐Kumakura Ana Railka , Vong Ian‐In , Rothan‐Tondeur Monique , Nohra Rita Georges
Published: February 2025

Aim

To investigate the outcomes of implementing logistician positions on nurses' job satisfaction in hospitals.

Design

A sequential explanatory mixed‐methods approach was employed.

Method

In the quantitative phase, the “Job Satisfaction Single Item” scale was utilised, and nurses' perceptions and intentions to leave were assessed. Subsequently, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nurses who had or had not experienced the deployment of logisticians to deepen the quantitative findings. Content analysis was conducted and data triangulation was used with a co‐researcher.

Results

Questionnaires were completed by 602 nurses, followed by semi‐structured interviews with 10 nurses between July 2023 and September 2023. Job satisfaction was significantly higher among nurses who worked with a logistician in their department. This organisational change freed up nurses' time and added more meaning to their work. Logisticians alleviated the physical and mental workload of nurses. Furthermore, turnover intention is higher among nurses who do not work with a logistician. Additionally, nurses provided recommendations and suggestions for the deployment of these posts.

Conclusion

Logistician positions enable nurses to refocus on their core duties, thereby improving their job satisfaction. Logisticians also improve nurses' health. Enhancing nurses' job satisfaction can reduce turnover rates and help address the nursing shortage. Further studies could complement these results in order to provide arguments in favour of the deployment of logisticians in hospitals.

Impact

Given the global nursing shortage, implementing logistician posts could be important to prevent the closure of hospital beds and ensure the continuous provision of healthcare services to the population.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
A Comprehensive, Home‐Based, Fall Prevention Initiative: Preliminary Data From the Raise'Age Program
Authors: Aïdoud Amal , Nkodo Jaques‐Alexis , Gana Wassim , Debacq Camille , Michel Natacha , Deneau Pierre , Trézy Calyssa , Guyot Nicolas , Coulongeat Matthieu , Fougère Bertrand
Published: February 2025

Background

Although falls among older adults pose substantial health risks and are often preventable, many fallers do not seek medical care. The Raise'Age program addresses this challenge by offering proactive fall prevention for older adults who require “lift assistance” but are not taken to hospital. The program includes (i) screening by emergency medical services (EMSs), (ii) referrals for a comprehensive geriatric assessment, (iii) in‐home evaluations by a mobile geriatric team (MGT), and (iv) referrals to primary care physicians (PCPs). Here, we outline the program's design, development, and implementation.

Methods

The program's activity in 2023 was assessed with regard to the number of EMS fall reports, the reports' completeness, the program's eligibility, and acceptance by physicians and patients, in‐home assessments, adherence to geriatric follow‐up programs, and coordination delays.

Results

In 2023, the Raise'Age program received 959 reports, accounting for 48% of lift assistances by paramedics. Of these, 37% of the reports were reviewed for eligibility. Reports were often archived due to irrelevance, a recent hospital stay, or difficulty contacting PCPs. Among eligible reports, 77% were approved for in‐home evaluations, and the remainder were referred to a geriatrician or scheduled for hospital admission. The median processing time was 26 days. Of 228 patients eligible for home visits, 150 accepted the intervention. Visit acceptance rates were higher when a PCP endorsed the program. Follow‐up was provided to 36% of the patients‐ primarily via teleconsultation. Finally, 15.6% of the patients for whom a lift assistance report was sent to the MGT completed the Raise'Age program.

Conclusions

The Raise'Age program demonstrates that EMS screening and collaboration with MGTs are feasible, although some patients may decline the services offered. Continuous evaluations and interventions by MGTs and referrals to community‐based medical and social services effectively address the needs of older adults.
Affordances and Opportunities for Relational Wellness
Authors: Tomm Karl , Taylor Lance
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the concept of “affordances” for relational healing that clients implicitly bring with them to therapy. It highlights the therapist's perception of such affordances as a first step toward conceiving of opportunities to take certain initiatives to enable relational wellness. As therapists become increasingly aware of the multiple possibilities that clients afford them to intervene, they are more liable to utilize such opportunities when doing therapy. By sharpening their observational skills to perceive these affordances, therapists may more readily conceive of associated therapeutic opportunities and initiate relevant interventions. We start with some background theory and then present a few vignettes of clinical work to illustrate the application of these concepts in the course of family therapy.
“As Therapists, We Get to Be Quietly Subversive”: A Qualitative Exploration of CFTs' Social Justice Practices
Authors: Golojuch Laura A. , Morgan Amy A. , Mittal Mona
Published: February 2025

Scholars from counseling fields have long urged therapists to recognize the moral imperative of promoting justice and co‐creating a more equitable society. Because of their systemic lens, couple, and family therapists (CFTs) are uniquely poised to create systemic change. Scholars in the CFT field have underscored the importance of social justice for decades. However, little empirical evidence exists in the CFT field on how social justice is being prioritized. Using Freire's critical consciousness, this study explores CFT's social justice practices utilizing a national sample of CFTs (n = 22). This study investigates how participants define social justice, develop critical consciousness, address oppression, and practice advocacy. Clinical implications for CFTs to provide culturally responsive services and improve advocacy are discussed.
Histological analysis of anterior eye development in the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei)
Authors: Rasys Ashley M. , Pau Shana H. , Irwin Katherine E. , Luo Sherry , Menke Douglas B. , Lauderdale James D.
Published: February 2025

For all vertebrates, the anterior eye structures work together to protect and nourish the eye while ensuring that light entering the eye is correctly focused on the retina. However, the anterior eye structure can vary significantly among different vertebrates, reflecting how the structures of the anterior eye have evolved to meet the specific visual needs of different vertebrate species. Although conserved pathways regulate fundamental aspects of anterior eye development in vertebrates, there may also be species‐specific differences underlying structural variation. Our knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of structures of the anterior eye comes mainly from work in mammals, chicks, some amphibians, and small teleosts such as zebrafish. Our understanding of anterior eye development would benefit from comparative molecular studies in diverse vertebrates. A promising lizard model is the brown anole, Anolis sagrei, which is easily raised in the laboratory and for which genome editing techniques exist. Here, we provide a detailed histological analysis of the development of the anterior structures of the eye in A. sagrei, which include the cornea, iris, ciliary body, lens, trabecular meshwork, and scleral ossicles. The development of the anterior segment in anoles follows a pattern similar to other vertebrates. The lens forms first, followed by the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and tissues involved in the outflow of the aqueous humor. The development of the iris and ciliary body begins temporally and then proceeds nasally. Scleral ossicle development is generally comparable to that reported for chicks and turtles. Anoles have a remarkably thin cornea and a flat ciliary body compared to the eyes of mammals and birds. This study highlights several features in anoles and represents a deeper understanding of reptile eye development.
The Mediation Effects of Self‐Efficacy on the Relationship Between Diabetes‐Related Content Exposure and Self‐Management Among Older Diabetics: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Li Li , Peng Xinning , Xu Ruiyang , Ye Qingyuan , Ahmed Fatema , Wu Chen , Wang Kefang
Published: February 2025

Aims

To map the diabetes‐related content exposure of older adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and explore the association between the exposure and self‐management and the mediation effects of self‐efficacy.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

This study was conducted among 257 eligible older adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus from five communities in China. Diabetes self‐management and self‐efficacy were measured with standardised assessment tools. The variable of diabetes‐related content exposure was generated by the collection of all content exposure and the transformation of Q‐methodology. Descriptive statistics and the relative mediation effect model were used to do the analyses.

Results

Among the participants, 61.1% had hyperbeneficial content exposure, 13.6% had hypobeneficial content exposure, 24.9% had irrelevant content exposure, and 0.4% had harmful content exposure. Compared with those with irrelevant content exposure, older adults with hyperbeneficial content exposure exhibited higher self‐management scores (β = 0.448, 95% CI = 0.174–0.721); in the mediation model, the relative direct effect of hyperbeneficial content exposure on self‐management remained significant (β = 0.377, 95% CI = 0.104–0.650), and self‐efficacy significantly mediated this relationship (β = 0.071, 95% CI = 0.011–0.154). The relative mediation effect accounted for 15.8% of the relative total effect. Conversely, no significant effect of hypobeneficial content exposure on self‐management was observed.

Conclusion

Social media can empower the self‐management of older adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus exposed to hyperbeneficial contents, with self‐efficacy serving as a significant mediator. In contrast, exposure to hypobeneficial contents on social media did not lead to significant improvement in the self‐management. This suggests that not all diabetes‐related contents on social media are equally beneficial, and the relevance of information matters.

Implications

Healthcare providers should consider leveraging social media platforms in conjunction with traditional education programmes to enhance the self‐management of older adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Older adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus may search positively diabetes‐related hyperbeneficial contents on social media.

Reporting Method

The report of this study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Resting‐State Functional MRI Regional Homogeneity Correlates With Motor Scores in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Dai Wei , Li Zhe , Lin Hao , Kuang Yaoyun , Mao Hengxu , Gan Tingting , Wang Jiaqi , Xu Pingyi , Li Hongyan
Published: February 2025

Background and Purpose

This study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) subtypes—tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD)—by analyzing regional homogeneity (ReHo) values from resting‐state functional MRI.

Methods

Fifty‐nine PD patients (29 TD patients, 30 PIGD patients) and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. ReHo values were analyzed via analysis of variance and a two‐sample t‐test, with age and sex as covariates. Correlations between ReHo values and clinical motor symptoms were also examined.

Results

Distinct ReHo patterns were observed in patients with the PD subtypes and HCs. TD patients presented decreased ReHo in the cerebellar–thalamic–cortical circuit, whereas PIGD patients presented lower ReHo in the striatum and supplementary motor area (SMA). TD patients had higher ReHo in the bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and SMA but lower ReHo in the bilateral medial orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus and other regions on the left than PIGD patients. Specific brain area ReHo values were correlated with tremor scores, PIGD scores, and rigidity scores.

Conclusion

Different motor subtypes of PD patients and HCs showed distinct ReHo patterns. ReHo correlation with clinical traits suggests its value as a biomarker for subtype‐specific diagnostic strategies.
Exploring the necessary roles of basic psychological needs at work: A necessary condition analysis
Authors: Ding Haien , Kuvaas Bård
Published: February 2025

Self‐determination theory (SDT) postulates that all humans have basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. SDT scholars employ a necessity logic to define and interpret the roles of psychological need satisfaction for optimal human development. However, traditional regression techniques, often applied to test hypotheses derived from SDT, are unsuitable for testing necessity statements. To achieve a theory‐method alignment, we employed necessary condition analysis (NCA) to examine whether basic psychological needs at work are necessary for employees' intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, life satisfaction, and vigour at work. Study 1's cross‐sectional data (N = 550; Germany) and Study 2's time‐lagged data (N = 417; UK and US) generally support the necessary roles of need satisfaction. Notably, intrinsic motivation and vigour are especially constrained by basic psychological need satisfaction. This research advances SDT by providing more precise accounts of the theory from a necessity‐oriented lens. We also highlight the importance of management practices that can satisfy employees' basic psychological needs at work.
An Investigation Into Soup With the Addition of Brown Seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) and Red Seaweed (Chondrus crispus) Using Nonconsumers of Seaweed
Authors: Stright Allison , Frampton Kaitlyn , McSweeney Matthew B.
Published: February 2025

Seaweed has been proposed as an ingredient that can increase the umami taste and saltiness of food items. However, seaweed is not regularly consumed in North America. This study aimed to evaluate how nonconsumers of seaweed (n = 103) perceive the sensory properties and acceptance of soup with brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) and red seaweed (Chondrus crispus) powder added. The samples include a control soup (without seaweed) and soup with 1.5% and 3% brown seaweed, as well as 1.5% and 3% red seaweed by weight. Furthermore, before evaluating the soup, they were asked to identify the flavors and textures they associate with seaweed. The brown and red seaweed increased the umami and saltiness intensity of the soup, but it also increased the bitterness and sourness. The red seaweed also decreased the sweetness, overall liking, and liking of the soup's flavor. The participants associated seaweed with fishy, salty, and umami flavors and undesirable textures (slimy, tough, chewy). Seaweed increased the umami and salty taste of soup when evaluated by nonconsumers, but it also introduced other tastes to the soup. This study also identified nonconsumers’ beliefs about seaweed and should help create novel food products using seaweed.
Comparison of the Equivalence of Aspergillus Antigen and PCR Results Between Non‐Directed Bronchial Lavage and Bronchoalveolar Lavage—A Prospective Exploratory Pilot Study in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Schroeder Maria , Raboh Mohamad Abd , Nuechtern Annika , Wichmann Dominic , Stamm Johannes , Hardel Tim , Rohde Holger , Christner Martin , Ozga Ann‐Kathrin , Steurer Stefan , Jafari Claudia , Klose Hans , Kluge Stefan , Simon Marcel , Fischer Marlene
Published: February 2025

Background

Obtaining non‐directed samples from the upper bronchial tree is easier to perform and poses fewer risks for critically ill patients than deep bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Since invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is associated with a high mortality in critically ill patients, timely diagnosis and rapid initiation of treatment are of utmost importance.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to compare Galactomannan (GM) testing by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), GM Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) and the detection of Aspergillus DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) between directed BAL and non‐directed bronchial lavage (BL) in critically ill patients.

Methods

In this prospective, exploratory pilot study, we analysed 120 samples from 40 patients admitted to 12 mixed intensive care units. Inclusion criteria required either risk factors for IPA or positive Aspergillus assessments and met the criteria published by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines for IPA diagnosis. Both respiratory secretions and blood were collected. In each patient, LFA and PCR were performed on BAL, BL and blood serum, respectively. The EIA test was applied to the BL and BAL of each patient, and the serum of 24 patients. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04848831).

Results

In a total of 80 respiratory samples, Aspergillus GM EIA yielded optical density indices (ODI) ranging from 0.04 to ≥ 3.5. We observed a high correlation between BAL and BL samples for Aspergillus GM EIA (Pearson's r = 0.78 [95% CI 0.62, 0.88]; intraclass correlation coefficient 0.78). At an ODI cutoff of 0.8 for BAL and 1.2 for BL, the sensitivity of Aspergillus GM EIA was 0.94, while the specificity was 0.67. Increasing the BAL cutoff to 1.0 ODI improved the specificity to 0.86. Aspergillus PCR examination showed good agreement between the two compartments, with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.75 (95% CI 0.48, 1.00). The correlation of Aspergillus GM LFA between BAL and BL was weak.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that the detection of Aspergillus GM using EIA or Aspergillus PCR in BL is comparable to that in BAL. Thus, BL samples can be reliably used for diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
The Relationship Between Breast and Gynecological Cancers and a Diagnosis of Serious Mental Illness: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tort‐Nasarre Glòria , Galbany‐Estragués Paola , Subías‐Miquel Martí , Monistrol Olga , Saz Roy María Ángeles , Romeu‐Labayen Maria
Published: February 2025

Women who are living with a diagnosis of serious mental illness face an elevated risk of premature mortality from breast and gynecological cancers. To understand the risk factors associated with prevalence and premature death from breast or gynecological cancer in women diagnosed with an SMI, a scoping review was conducted, using the Arksey and O'Malley framework in accordance with the PRISMAScR guidelines. Four electronic databases were searched for research from 2012 to 2024. The 21 selected articles identified potential factors associated with our target: clinical status, coordination of care across health services, and social and family support. The findings suggest that the keys to improving outcomes are conducting proper screening among women diagnosed with SMI, coordinating mental health and oncological care, and capitalizing on available family support.
Citizen Acceptance of Co‐Designed Public Sector Innovation
Authors: Mannak Remco S. , Peutz Murk , Bomhof Iris
Published: February 2025

This experimental study examines user involvement in the co‐design stage of public sector innovations in relation to citizen acceptance of these innovations. We analyze 603 citizen evaluations of 12 co‐designed innovation prototypes. Results show that involving a few users can benefit many citizens. Partially co‐designed innovation prototypes, with users co‐defining the problem but professionals developing the solution, are perceived by citizens to be of higher quality than prototypes developed by professionals only, resulting in greater innovation acceptance in terms of perceived usefulness and ease of use. However, for fully co‐designed innovation prototypes, we do not find these positive results.