bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Organizational Commitment as a Mediation of the Influence of Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance
Authors: Wirama I Ketut Yadnya , Suyatna Yasa Putu Ngurah , Udayana Putra Ida Bagus
Published: January 2023

Work motivation, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in a company or organization are variables that are thought to be relatively significant in influencing the performance of employees of PT. Indo Karya Optomed. To prove whether or not there is an influence of work motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance with organizational commitment as an intervening variable, a study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the influence of these three variables on employee performance at PT. Indo Karya Optomed. This study used a questionnaire method which was carried out systematically based on the research objectives. The place of research is PT. Indo Karya Optomed, and the number of respondents was 48 people. This study uses 5 Likert scales to measure variables when testing the validity and reliability of variables. This research was analyzed by PLS-based SEM. The survey results show that: Work motivation has no effect on employee performance, Job satisfaction has no effect on employee performance, Organizational Commitment has an effect on employee performance, Work motivation has an effect on Organizational Commitment, Job satisfaction has an effect on Organizational Commitment, Work motivation has an effect on performance through Organizational Commitment, Job satisfaction affects performance through Organizational Commitment. It is suggested to further researchers to add more references related to research. Besides that, it also adds/expands several research locations not only in one company but can be in more than one district
A propósito de Frankenstein y el autómata de san Alberto Magno… o de por qué la belleza humana no es asunto de robots
Authors: Pradier Sebastián Adrián
Published: January 2023

El campo de la robótica social antropomórfica constituye uno de los territorios más interesantes para la reflexión filosófica contemporánea, por cuanto aúna en un mismo frente cuestiones de orden antropológico, ético y estético. Tomando como base la leyenda medieval del autómata de san Alberto Magno, el presentetrabajo señala los riesgos asociados a la mimetización robótica del ser humano cuando las presunciones teóricas sobre el mismo son deflacionarias de su complejidad. Presento, primero, un resumen del fenómeno del “valle inquietante” como respuesta estética de rechazo ante diseños robóticos que devalúan la complejidad formal y comportamental humana; seguidamente se estudian las soluciones más aceptadas desde el punto de vista ingenieril, basadas en diseños de apariencia conforme a un principio abstractivo más que imitativo; por último, tomando un ejemplo de performatividad robótica, argumento el irreductible carácter de la belleza y la creatividad humanas frente a sus conatos de imitación robótica.
El El Ars de Ramón Llull y el principio de conveniencia (Primera Parte)
Authors: Miró i Comas Abel
Published: January 2023

La estructura ósea que confiere un carácter sistemático al pensamiento de Ramón Llull, a pesar de la enorme diversidad de sus contenidos, es aquello que él mismo calificó como el “Arte”. En el presente artículo, que es la primera parte de una investigación que tiene dos, hablaremos acerca del concepto escolástico de “arte”,veremos en qué se diferencia de él el Ars de Llull y, por último, investigaremos las motivaciones biográficas que impulsaron el filósofo mallorquín a desarrollar su sistema, pues en dicho pensador no resulta posible separar los fines filosóficos de los estrictamente personales. Esta primera parte de nuestro estudio, es imprescindible para que podamos exponer, en la segunda, los principios fundamentales del Ars generalis sin arrancarlos del contexto religioso en el que se formaron y, por lo tanto, sin desfigurarlos.
The Practice of Political Dynasty and Kinship in Local Government of Hulu Sungai Utara District
Authors: Anisa Agustin Malta Ra , Handayani Lia , Ulfah Haika Novia , Putri Herdati Julia , Akbar Hayat Muzahid
Published: January 2023

The practice of political dynasty has been detected in many local elections in Indonesia. This political condition may have a connection with the failure of democratization implemented in Indonesia during the Reformation era. To delve into this issue, the researchers conducted descriptive qualitative research regarding political dynasty and kinship in one of the districts in Indonesia, Hulu Sungai Utara. The researchers used Gramsci’s framework of hegemony to investigate the way political dynasty and kinship is constructed and perpetuated in Hulu Sungai Utara district. The researchers also utilized several media including print and digital media as the secondary data of this study. In the analysis of the data, the researchers discovered two ways of incumbent to perpetuate and monopolize local electoral system. Here, Abdul Wahid HK and Almien Ashar Safari (The regent and the Chief of the Provincial Legislatives Council of Hulu Sungai Utara) appear to have operated two types of power, that is soft and hard power to perpetuate their political dynasty in Hulu Sungai Utara.
The Important Contribution of Secondary Formation and Biomass Burning to Oxidized Organic Nitrogen (OON) in a Polluted Urban Area: Insights from In Situ FIGAERO-CIMS Measurements
Authors: Cai Yiyu , Ye Chenshuo , Chen Wei , Hu Weiwei , Song Wei , Peng Yuwen , Huang Shan , Qi Jipeng , Wang Sihang , Wang Chaomin , Wu Caihong , Wang Zelong , Wang Baolin , Huang Xiaofeng , He Lingyan , Gligorovski Sasho , Yuan Bin , Shao Min , Wang Xinming
Published: January 2023

Abstract. To investigate the sources and formation mechanism of oxidized organic nitrogen (OON), field measurements of OON were conducted using an iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometer equipped with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO-CIMS) during fall of 2018 in the megacity of Guangzhou, China. Using levoglucosan as tracer of biomass burning emissions, the results show that biomass burning (49 %) and secondary formation (51 %) accounted for comparable fractions to the total particle-phase OON (pOON), while 24 % and 76 % to the gas-phase OON (gOON), respectively, signifying the important contribution of biomass burning to pOON and secondary formation to gOON in this urban area. Calculations of production rates of gas-phase organic nitrates (gON) indicated that hydroxyl radical (42 %) and nitrate radical (NO3) (49 %) oxidation pathways potentially dominated the secondary formation of gON. High concentration of NO3 radical during the afternoon daytime was observed, demonstrating that the daytime NO3 oxidation might be more important than the previous recognition. Monoterpenes, found to be major precursor of secondary gON, were mainly from anthropogenic emissions in this urban area. The ratio of secondary pOON to Ox ([Ox] = [O3] + [NO2]) increased as a function of relative humidity and aerosol surface area, indicating that heterogeneous reaction might be an important formation pathway for secondary pOON. Finally, the highly oxidized gOON and pOON with 6 to 11 oxygen atoms were observed, highlighting the complex secondary reaction processes of OON in the ambient air. Overall, our results can improve the understanding of the sources and dynamic variation of OON in urban atmosphere.
Neodymium budget in the Mediterranean Sea: evaluating the role of atmospheric dusts using a high-resolution dynamical-biogeochemical model
Authors: Ayache Mohamed , Dutay Jean-Claude , Tachikawa Kazuyo , Arsouze Thomas , Jeandel Catherine
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The relative importance of river solid discharge, deposited sediment remobilisation, and atmospheric dust as sources of neodymium (Nd) to the ocean is the subject of ongoing debate, the magnitudes of these fluxes being associated with a significant uncertainty. The Mediterranean basin is a specific basin; it receives a vast amount of emissions from different sources and is surrounded by continental margins, with a significant input of dust as compared to the global ocean. Furthermore, it is largely impacted by the Atlantic water inflow via the Strait of Gibraltar.
Here, we present the first simulation of dissolved Nd concentration ([Nd]) and Nd isotopic composition (εNd) using a high-resolution regional model (NEMO/MED12/PISCES) with an explicit representation of all Nd inputs, and the internal cycle, i.e. the interactions between the particulate and dissolved phases. The high resolution of the oceanic model (at 1/12∘), essential to the simulation of a realistic Mediterranean circulation in present-day conditions, gives a unique opportunity to better apprehend the processes governing the Nd distribution in the marine environment. The model succeeds in simulating the main features of εNd and produces a realistic distribution of [Nd] in the Mediterranean Sea. We estimated the boundary exchange (BE, which represents the transfer of elements from the margin to the sea and their removal by scavenging) flux at 89.43 × 106 g(Nd) yr−1, representing ∼84.4 % of the total external Nd source to the Mediterranean basin. The river discharge provided 3.66 × 106 g(Nd) yr−1, or 3.5 % of the total Nd flow into the Mediterranean. The flux of Nd from partially dissolved atmospheric dusts was estimated at 5.2 × 106 g(Nd) yr−1, representing 5 % of the total Nd input, and 7.62 × 106 g(Nd) yr−1 comes from the Atlantic across the Strait of Gibraltar, i.e. 7.1 % of the total Nd input. The total quantity of Nd in the Mediterranean Sea was estimated to 7.28 × 109 g(Nd); this leads to a new calculated Nd residence time of ∼68 year. This work highlights that the impact of river discharge on [Nd] is localised near the catchments of the main rivers. In contrast, the atmospheric dust input has a basin-wide influence, correcting for a too-radiogenic εNd when only the BE input is considered and improving the agreement of simulated dissolved Nd concentration with field data. This work also suggests that εNd is sensitive to the spatial distribution of Nd in the atmospheric dust, and that the parameterisation of the vertical cycling (scavenging/remineralisation) considerably constrains the ability of the model to simulate the vertical profile of εNd.
Biomarker characterization of the North Water Polynya, Baffin Bay: implications for local sea ice and temperature proxies
Authors: Harning David J. , Holman Brooke , Woelders Lineke , Jennings Anne E. , Sepúlveda Julio
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The North Water Polynya (NOW, Inuktitut: Sarvarjuaq; Kalaallisut:
Pikialasorsuaq), Baffin Bay, is the largest polynya and one of the most productive regions
in the Arctic. This area of thin to absent sea ice is a critical moisture
source for local ice sheet sustenance and, coupled with the inflow of
nutrient-rich Arctic Surface Water, supports a diverse community of Arctic
fauna and indigenous people. Although paleoceanographic records provide
important insight into the NOW's past behavior, it is critical that we
better understand the modern functionality of paleoceanographic proxies. In
this study, we analyzed lipid biomarkers, including algal highly branched
isoprenoids and sterols for sea ice extent and pelagic productivity and
archaeal glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) for ocean temperature, in a set of modern surface sediment
samples from within and around the NOW. In conjunction with previously
published datasets, our results show that all highly branched isoprenoids
exhibit strong correlations with each other and not with sterols, which
suggests a spring or autumn sea ice diatom source for all highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) rather than a
combination of sea ice and open-water diatoms as seen elsewhere in the
Arctic. Sterols are also highly concentrated in the NOW and exhibit
statistically higher concentrations here compared to sites south of the NOW,
consistent with the order of magnitude higher primary productivity observed
within the NOW relative to surrounding waters in spring and summer months.
Finally, our local temperature calibrations for GDGTs and OH-GDGTs reduce
the uncertainty present in global temperature calibrations but also
identify some additional variables that may be important in controlling
their local distribution, such as nitrate availability and dissolved oxygen.
Collectively, our analyses provide new insight into the utility of these
lipid biomarker proxies in high-latitude settings and will help provide a
refined perspective on the past development of the NOW with their
application in downcore reconstructions.
Modeled storm surge changes in a warmer world: the Last Interglacial
Authors: Scussolini Paolo , Dullaart Job , Muis Sanne , Rovere Alessio , Bakker Pepijn , Coumou Dim , Renssen Hans , Ward Philip J. , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Last Interglacial (LIG; ca. 125 ka) is a period of interest for climate research as it is the most recent period of the Earth's history when the boreal climate was warmer than at present. Previous research, based on models and geological evidence, suggests that the LIG may have featured enhanced patterns of ocean storminess, but this remains hotly debated. Here, we apply state-of-the-art climate and hydrodynamic modeling
to simulate changes in sea level extremes caused by storm surges, under LIG
and pre-industrial climate forcings. Significantly higher seasonal LIG sea
level extremes emerge for coastlines along northern Australia, the
Indonesian archipelago, much of northern and eastern Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the Arabian Sea, the east
coast of North America, and islands of the Pacific Ocean and of the Caribbean. Lower seasonal LIG sea level extremes emerge for coastlines along the North Sea, the Bay of Bengal, China, Vietnam, and parts of Central America. Most of these anomalies are associated with anomalies in seasonal sea level pressure minima and in eddy kinetic energy calculated from near-surface wind fields, and therefore seem to originate from anomalies in the meridional position and intensity of the predominant wind bands. In a qualitative comparison, LIG sea level extremes seem generally higher than those projected for future warmer climates. These results help to constrain the interpretation of coastal archives of LIG sea level indicators.
Understanding hydrologic controls of slope response to precipitations through Machine Learning analysis applied to synthetic data
Authors: Roman Quintero Daniel Camilo , Marino Pasquale , Santonastaso Giovanni Francesco , Greco Roberto
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The assessment of the response of slopes to precipitation is important for various applications, from water supply management to hazard assessment due to extreme rainfall events. It is well known that the underground conditions prior to the initiation of rainfall events control the hydrological processes that occur in slopes, affecting the water exchange through their boundaries. The present study aims at identifying suitable variables to be monitored and modelled to predict the response of the slope to precipitations. A case study consisting of a loose pyroclastic coarse grained soil cover overlaying a karstic bedrock located in the southern Apennines (Italy) is described, where field monitoring has been carried out, comprising stream level recordings, meteorological recordings, and soil water content among others. Nevertheless, to enhance the field dataset, the slope hydraulic behaviour of the case study has been simulated with a physically based model linked to a synthetic rainfall time series, getting a consistent hourly timeseries dataset of 1000 years, containing information on rainfall, aquifer water level and soil volumetric water content at different depths. Machine Learning techniques have been used to unwrap the relationships amongst the studied variables, which relations are commonly non-linear. The Random Forest technique has been used to assess the way the slope response could be addressed and the importance of each variable on the slope response and the k-means clustering technique has been used to explore the geometrical disposition of data, and so the identification of seasonally recurrent different scenarios linked to the slope response. It has been shown that the slope response in terms of the rainwater being stored in the soil cover is naturally highly dependent on the rainfall amount, but water drainage and storage processes can be identified by normalizing the change in water storage with the rainfall depth. Indeed, with the methodology presented here, different hydrometeorological scenarios controlling major hydrological processes have been identified not only from the meteorological and seasonal behaviour but also from the underground conditions prior to the rainfall initiation, weighting the role, on one hand, of the field capacity value on the ease of the water to flow in and out of the soil cover and, on the other hand, of the ground water level, the increase of which gives evidence of the activation of slope drainage even during relatively intense rainfall events.
The influence of siliciclastic content on the strength and deformation behavior of rock salt – Constraints from thermomechanical experiments
Authors: Linckens Jolien , Henneberg Mareike , Zulauf Janet , Hattingen Elke , Mertineit Michael , Zulauf Gernold
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Halite forms the main constituent of rock salt, which is regarded as a possible host rock for nuclear waste repositories and storage caverns. The deformation behavior of pure halite and rock salt has been revealed by microfabric analyses of naturally and experimentally deformed samples. Such studies, however, are rare for rock salt with significant amount of secondary phases (e.g., siliciclastics, clay, anhydrite), although these are also common in nature. In order to determine the influence of siliciclastic material on the deformation behaviour of rock salt, we performed deformation experiments using rock salt samples with variable siliciclastic content (1, 7, 38 and 53 vol. %). The experiments were conducted under bulk flattening strain, elevated temperature (345 °C), low differential stress (< 4.6 MPa), and a strain rate of 10-7 s-1. To gain inside in the 3D distribution of the siliciclastic material and in the deformation mechanisms of the constituent minerals, computer tomographic (CT), microstructural and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses were applied to both initial and experimentally deformed samples. The EBSD and microstructural data suggest that, independent of the amount of siliciclastic content, the deformation of the halite matrix was largely accommodated by subgrain formation without subgrain rotation recrystallization. The deformation of the siliciclastic domains, on the other hand, was entirely brittle. CT images show open fractures, oriented sub-perpendicular to the least principal stress, σ3. An increase in the siliciclastic content leads to an increase in differential stress of the halite matrix. The new results suggest that the barrier properties of rock salt is significantly reduced by larger content of siliciclastic material, particularly in cases where the siliciclastic parts and their fractures are interconnected making pervasive ascendant fluid transport possible in these lithological units. Future thermomechanical experiments of impure rock salt should focus on the effect of confining pressure, which is expected to reduce the number and width of open fractures in the siliciclastic domains.
A mountain ridge model for quantifying oblique mountain wave propagation and distribution
Authors: Rhode Sebastian , Preusse Peter , Ern Manfred , Ungermann Jörn , Krasauskas Lukas , Bacmeister Julio , Riese Martin
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Following the current understanding of gravity waves (GWs) and especially mountain waves (MWs), they have high potential of horizontal propagation from their source. This horizontal propagation and therefore the transport of energy is usually not well represented in MW parameterizations of numerical weather prediction and general circulation models. The lack thereof possibly leads to shortcomings in the model's prediction as e.g. the cold pole bias in the Southern Hemisphere and the polar vortex breaking down too late. In this study we present a mountain wave model (MWM) for quantification of the horizontal propagation of orographic gravity waves. This model determines MW source location and associates their parameters from a fit of idealized Gaussian shaped mountains to topography data. Propagation and refraction of these MWs in the atmosphere is modeled using the ray-tracer GROGRAT. Ray-tracing each MW individually allows for an estimation of momentum transport due to both vertical and horizontal propagation. This study presents the MWM itself and gives validations of MW induced temperature perturbations to ECMWF IFS numerical weather prediction data and estimations of gravity wave momentum flux (GWMF) compared to HIRDLS satellite observations. The MWM is capable of reproducing the general features and amplitudes of both of these data sets and, in addition, is used to explain some observational features by investigating MW parameters along their trajectories.
Simulating ice segregation and thaw consolidation in permafrost environments with the CryoGrid community model
Authors: Aga Juditha , Boike Julia , Langer Moritz , Ingeman-Nielsen Thomas , Westermann Sebastian
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The ground ice content in cold environments influences the permafrost thermal regime and the thaw trajectories in a warming climate, especially for very ice-rich soils. Despite their importance, the amount and distribution of ground ice are often unknown due to lacking field observations. Hence, modelling the thawing of ice-rich permafrost soils and associated thermokarst is challenging as ground ice content has to be prescribed in the model set-up. In this study, we present a model scheme, which is capable of forming segregated ice during a model spin-up together with associated ground heave. It provides the option to add a constant sedimentation rate throughout the simulation. Besides ice segregation, it can represent thaw consolidation processes and ground subsidence under a warming climate. The computation is based on soil mechanical processes, soil hydrology by Richards equation and soil freezing characteristics. The code is implemented in the CryoGrid community model (version 1.0), a modular land surface model for simulations of the ground thermal regime. The simulation of ice segregation and thaw consolidation with the new model scheme allows us to analyze the evolution of ground ice content in both space and time. To do so, we use climate data from two contrasting permafrost sites to run the simulations. Several influencing factors are identified, which control the formation and thaw of segregated ice. (i) Model results show that high temperature gradients in the soil as well as moist conditions support the formation of segregated ice. (ii) We find that ice segregation increases in fine-grained soils and that especially organic-rich sediments enhance the process. (iii) Applying external loads suppresses ice segregation and speeds up thaw consolidation. (iv) Sedimentation leads to a rise of the ground surface and the formation of an ice-enriched layer whose thickness increases with sedimentation time. We conclude that the new model scheme is a step forward to improve the description of ground ice distributions in permafrost models and can contribute towards the understanding of ice segregation and thaw consolidation in permafrost environments under changing climatic conditions.
IceTFT v 1.0.0: Interpretable Long-Term Prediction of Arctic Sea Ice Extent with Deep Learning
Authors: Mu Bin , Luo Xiaodan , Yuan Shijin , Liang Xi
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Annual reductions in Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) due to global warming. According to International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate model projections, the summer Arctic will be nearly sea ice free in the 50s of the 21st century, resulting in sea level rise and thus affecting human life. Therefore, it is important to predict SIE accurately. For the most current studies, the majority of deep learning-based SIE prediction models focus on single-step prediction, and they not only have short lead times but also have limited forecasting skills. In addition, these models often lack interpretability. In this study paper, we construct the Ice Temporal Fusion Transformer (IceTFT) model, which consists mainly of the variable selection network (VSN), the long short-term memory (LSTM) encoder, and multi-headed attention mechanism. Then we select 11 predictors for IceTFT model, including SIE, atmospheric, and ocean variables according to the physical mechanisms influencing sea ice development. And the VSN in IceTFT can automatically adjust the weights of predictors and filter spuriously correlated variables. We also evaluate the IceTFT model from the division of the training set, the slicing methods of input data, and the length of input. The IceTFT model directly generates 12-month SIE with average monthly prediction errors of less than 0.21 106 km2. And it predicts the September SIE nine months in advance with prediction error of less than 0.1 106 km2, which is superior to the models from Sea Ice Outlook (SIO). Furthermore, we analyze the sensitivity of the selected predictors to the SIE prediction. It verifies that the IceTFT model has some physical interpretability. And the variable sensitivities also provide some reference for understanding the mechanisms governing sea ice development and selecting the assimilation variables in dynamic models.
Variability and combination as ensemble of mineral dust forecast during the 2021 CADDIWA experiment
Authors: Menut Laurent
Published: January 2023

Abstract. As an operational support to the CADDIWA field campaign, the coupled regional model WRF-CHIMERE is deployed in forecast mode during the summer 2021. The simulation domain covers West Africa and the East Atlantic and allows the modeling of dust emissions and their transport to the Atlantic. On this route, we find Cape Verde which was used as a base for measurements during the CADDIWA campaign. The forecast consists of meteorological variables and mineral dust concentrations on a horizontal grid with a resolution of 30 km and from the surface to 200 hPa. Each day, the simulation starts the day before (D-1) and up to four days ahead (D+4). For each day, we thus have six different calculations, with logically a better precision the closer we get to the analysis (D-1). In this study, a quantification of the forecast variability of wind, temperature, precipitations and mineral dust concentrations according to the modelled lead is presented. It has been shown that the forecast quality doesn't decrease with time and that high variability on some days for some variables (wind, temperature) does not explain the behavior of other dependent and downwind variables (mineral dust concentrations). A new hypothesis is also tested: why not consider the several six forecast leads available for each date as members of an ensemble forecast? It has been shown that this new forecast, the mean of all forecast leads, is able to give better results for two AERONET stations on the four available for Aerosol Optical Depth. This could open the door to further testing with more complex operational systems.
Chronic Q fever presenting as bilateral extensor tenosynovitis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Alder Kareme D. , Fiegen Anthony P. , Rode Matthew M. , Tai Don Bambino Geno , Suh Gina A. , Virk Abinash , Pulos Nicholas
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Musculoskeletal manifestations of Coxiella burnetii are rare. We describe an elderly,
immunosuppressed male with bilateral Coxiella burnetii extensor tenosynovitis treated with
incision and debridement and chronic doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine.
Additionally, disease etiology, risk factors, pertinent features of the
history, testing modalities, and treatment strategies of musculoskeletal Q
fever are reviewed.
PROSTATE CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION, 2010-2019
Authors: Umurzakov K. , Kaidarova D. , Shalgumbayeva G. , Nikoleshvili D. , Khaitmat A. , Sagidullin S. , Ibraev A.
Published: January 2023

Relevance: From 2010 to 2019, prostate cancer morbidity increased, and prostate cancer mortality decreased in Kazakhstan. The peak incidence was observed in patients aged 70 years and older. The East Kazakhstan region had higher morbidity and mortality from prostate cancer
than the national average.
The study aimed to assess the indicators of prostate cancer epidemiology in the East Kazakhstan region from 2010 to 2019.
Methods: The study calculated prostate cancer incidence, mortality, one-year and five-year survival, and early detection from 2010 to 2019.
The statistical significance was assessed by the one-factor linear regression method. Intensive epidemiological indicators were calculated per 100
000 male population.
Results: The prostate cancer incidence in East Kazakhstan increased from 2010 to 2019, while the mortality rate increased slightly. There was
a statistically significant upward trend for morbidity (p=0.009) and a statistically insignificant trend for mortality (p=0.900).
The one-year survival with prostate cancer tended to decrease. However, the trend of one-year survival rates had no statistical significance (p=0.202).
The five-year survival rate of patients with prostate cancer in the East Kazakhstan region during the study period tended to decrease. However,
the trend in the five-year survival rates of patients with prostate cancer in the East Kazakhstan region had no statistical significance (p=0.826).
Early detection of prostate cancer in the early stages remained sustainable in the range of 72.7-77.4. In 2019, this indicator decreased to 63.2%.
The share of prostate cancer cases detected at stage III tended to increase. The proportion of prostate cancer cases detected at stage IV tended
to decrease during the study period.
Conclusion: The prostate cancer epidemiological rates in East Kazakhstan were unstable in the study period. The incidence tended to increase; the mortality rate fluctuated within small limits and remained sustainable. The one-year survival rate tended to decrease. The five-year
survival rate was slightly increasing. There was an increase in the detection of prostate cancer at stage III, while the detection at stage IV tended
to decrease. Early detection of prostate cancer has decreased with an increase in detection at stage III. The proportion of prostate cancer cases
detected at stage IV in the study period tended to decrease.
S-DETECT FUNCTION AS THE LATEST METHOD OF ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION
OF MAMMARY GLAND FORMATIONS:
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Kultaev A. , Zakiryarov I.
Published: January 2023

Relevance: Breast masses remain a public health dilemma worldwide. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. So,
in Kazakhstan in 2018-2019. Breast cancer ranked 3rd in the structure of mortality from malignant diseases, with a share of 8.7-8.1%.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. According to the WHO, over 2.2 million breast cancer cases were registered in 2020.
In the world, breast cancer ranks fifth among the causes of death (685,000 deaths per year).
On average, about 3000 breast cancer cases are detected in the Republic of Kazakhstan annually, and more than 1380 women die from this
disease. The high rate of increase in morbidity and mortality, which is ahead of most other tumors, puts the problem of breast cancer in the lead.
The rapid progress of technological developments in medicine has positively influenced the diagnosis of breast formations. Samsung Medison
introduced the S-Detect function for the breast, which allows you to highlight the formation and characterize the affected area. Previously, reliable
assessments were made using sonoelastography methods.
The study aimed to determine the role of the S-Detect function in the differential diagnosis of breast masses.
Methods: A comparative analysis of images taken with the S-Detect function and the sonoelastography method was carried out in 50 patients.
Results: The S-Detect program made it possible to make a correct diagnosis in 87-93% (46 out of 50) of cases, confirmed by the results of
morphological verification (histology, cytology). The sonoelastography method showed correct results in 75-80% (40 out of 50) cases.
Conclusion: The use of S-Detect technology in analyzing the nature of formations in the mammary glands showed good agreement with
B-mode, color (CFM) and power Doppler. S-Detect technology can be effectively used by novice radiologists when writing conclusions.
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE CUFF PRESSURE CONTROL DURING ANESTHESIA
IN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Abdukhalilov N. , Arynov A. , Baidaulet D. , Nurmanova A. , Seidalieva E. , Chursin V.
Published: January 2023

Relevance: An endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff provides a seal and encloses the lower airway from aspiration. Normally, the pressure in the
ETT cuff is in the range of 20 to 30 cm of water column. Both increased and insufficient inflation of the ETT cuff is associated with a number of
complications.
The purpose of the research: comparison of palpation and apparatus methods of pressure control in the cuff of the endotracheal tube during
anesthesia in cancer patients.
Methods: A prospective observational study included 60 patients during general anesthesia in the department of anesthesiology and intensive
care of KazIOR. Air was injected into the ETT cuff using a syringe, followed by palpation of the ETT cuff balloon and pressure control using the
IntelliCuff device (Hamilton Medical, Switzerland). The actual pressure was compared with normal values, then the volume of air, actual and necessary to achieve normal pressure, was estimated.
Results: assessment of the pressure level by the “classic” palpation method led to errors in the pressure level in the ETT cuff in more than 50%
of cases; the normal level of pressure was only in 25 patients (42%), while the measured air volume in the cuff was on average 5.9±1.9 ml, although
for the average air volume to achieve a pressure of 25 mm of water column was 3.9 ml, which led to an overestimated level of pressure in the ETT cuff.
Conclusion: Determining ETT cuff pressure by palpation of the control balloon, while common practice, often results in incorrect pressure
readings. At the same time, both high and low pressure in the ETT cuff are associated with the development of complications. The use of devices
for measuring pressure in the ETT cuff allows you to control its level, while devices that allow prolonged monitoring of pressure in the ETT cuff
have an advantage
ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS
IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: BATYRBEKOV K. , GALIAKBAROVA A.
Published: January 2023

Relevance: Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a special disease characterized by metaplasia of the flat epithelium of the esophagus.
The main danger of esophageal epithelial metaplasia is the high probability of develop-ing a malignant neoplasm at the site of the
lesion – esophageal adenocarcinoma or can-cer of the cardioesophageal zone.
The study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of new BE endoscopic treat-ment methods for their subsequent implementation
in wide practice throughout the Re-public of Kazakhstan.
Methods: This article presents cases of clinical use of argon plasma coagulation of dysplasia lesions less than 2.0 cm in two patients
with Barrett’s esophagus and the use of loop resection of dysplasia lesions more than 2.0 cm in three patients with Barrett’s esophagus.
Results: All the presented cases have shown the effectiveness of applied treatment. Control morphological examination showed no
signs of BE in the epithelium.
Conclusion: The presented article describes the results of the introduction of endo-scopic BE treatment methods in our clinic and is
available for wide implementation throughout Kazakhstan. A widespread introduction of endoscopic treatment of precan-cerous pathology
will reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer in the Kazakhstani population
Next Generation Gravity Mission as a Mass-change And Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) Mission Requirements Document
Authors:   NASA, Massotti Luca ,   European Space Agency, March Günther ,   European Space Agency, Daras Ilias ,   European Space Agency
Published: January 2023

MAGIC is the joint NASA/ESA constellation concept based on NASA’s Mass Change Designated Observable (MCDO) and ESA’s Next Generation Gravity Missions (NGGM) studies. The main objective of MAGIC is to extend the mass transport time series of previous gravity missions such as GRACE and GRACE-FO with significantly enhanced accuracy, spatial and temporal resolutions and to demonstrate the operational capabilities of MAGIC with the goal of answering global user community needs to the greatest possible extent. This document defines unambiguous and traceable requirements for preparing and developing MAGIC. The scope of the MAGIC Mission Requirement Document includes end-to-end Earth observation system including user/scientific requirements, mission operations, data product development and processing, data distribution and data archiving. The intention of the document is also to accommodate results from NASA MCDO study, ESA Phase-0 NGGM and other national studies on future gravity missions. The MAGIC MRD is a NASA/ESA reference document frozen in its current version 1.0 that defines the mission requirements achievable by an optimised two-pair Bender-type constellation of a future implementation. Subsequent ESA and NASA official documents of updated implementation baseline will be traceable to the MAGIC MRD.
Quantitative Study of Cry1Ac Protein and Bioassay for Helicoverpa armigera at Different Development Stages of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Hussain Khadim , Nazeer Wajid , Akbar Muhammad , Ashraf Farzana , Khan Muhammad Idrees , Imran Hafiz Muhammad , Sarwar Muhammad Ilyas , Hussain Fida , Iqbal Javed
Published: January 2023

Eight transgenic (Cry1Ac -endotoxin) genotypes and one non-GMO cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) variety were used in the investigation. Cry1Ac protein was expressed at various extents in several strains. In a greenhouse environment, sixty days after planting, the cry 1Ac gene's expression peaked. At 60 DAP, the variety Bt.CIM-598 (1.871 g/g) expressed the most toxin of any genotype. Throughout the cropping season, larvae of the Helicoverpa armigera were gathered from every section of the nation that produces cotton. H. armigera larvae that were captured in the field were raised on artificial feeds. There was a negative relationship between the DAP and the amount of Cry1Ac protein (-0.332). The greatest amount of death was seen when first-instar larvae consumed the leaves of 60 DAP plants. It was found that transgenic variants had a considerable effect on the percentage mortality of H. armigera. MNH-886 larvae showed the highest mortality percentage when fed on leaves that were harvested 30 DAP (days after planting). When larvae were fed on 60 and 90 DAP leaves on CIM-598 and IR-1524, the mortality rate was greater. However, AA-802 had the highest death rate when larvae were fed on 120 DAP leaves. The variety with the highest death rate was CIM-598. When H. armigera consumed 60 DAP leaves, the greatest overall mortality was noted. The plant-toxin interaction in cotton varied depending on a number of physiological changes in plants. Regardless of plant age or variety, the highest rate of mortality of H. armigera larvae was seen after feeding 48-hour of treatment or feeding.
Por que devemos ensinar História das Ciências em aulas de Ciências?: Contribuições a partir da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa Crítica
Authors: Lima Nathan Willig , Rosa Cleci Teresinha Werner da
Published: January 2023

A abordagem histórica tem uma tradição consolidada na pesquisa em ensino de Ciências. Mesmo assim, artigos recentes têm apontado a persistente necessidade de explicitar os objetivos pedagógicos de tais propostas. Ademais, objeções diversas à abordagem histórica ainda são comuns na área de ensino de ciências. A partir disso, no presente trabalho, temos por objetivo discutir as potencialidades e os cuidados pedagógicos necessários em atividades didáticas com abordagem histórica, a partir do quadro teórico formado pela Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa Crítica. Em especial, argumentamos que, diante do cenário contemporâneo, é necessário que os alunos construam conhecimentos científicos bem como desenvolvam uma postura crítica, de “distanciamento antropológico”, para que sejam capazes de atuar no sentido de articular um mundo habitável e mais justo. Ao longo do trabalho, apresentamos brevemente os pressupostos da teoria, discutimos as potencialidades da abordagem histórica à luz de seus princípios, expomos alguns cuidados metodológicos e, por fim, respondemos a objeções comuns à abordagem histórica.
Factors Affecting the Outcome of Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy in Urinary Stone Treatment
Authors: Ahmad Nisar , Rehman Shah Jahan Ur , Khan Khalid , Saeed Majed , Amjad Saqlain , Rasheed Ajmal , Iftikhar Ussama
Published: January 2023

Background and aim: The recurrence of urinary stones occurs in two thirds of patients within a 20-year period, making urinary stones a common pathology. Among urology pathologies, kidney stones rank third behind urinary infections and conditions of the prostate. The present study intended to assess various factors affecting the extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) outcome in urinary stone treatment. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 136 urinary stone patients who underwent extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the Department of Urology, Sahiwal Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal for the duration from September 2021 to August 2022. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of stones and measured the size (3-20 mm), distance from skin to stone, location, and density in Hounsfield units. Patient’s characteristics such as estimated rate of glomerular filtration and BMI were measured. A successful ESWL requires at least a 3mm residual renal stone fragment in post-therapy, and at least a complete clearance of ureteric stones at the end of treatment. SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive statistic. Results: Of the total 136 urinary stone patients, there were 108 (79.4%) male and 28 (20.6%) females. The incidence of stones present in proximal ureter, mid, and distal ureter was 72 (52.9%), 7 (5.1%), and 57 (41.9%) respectively. All the patients underwent ESWL 1.5 times (average), and the success rate in first, second, and third session was 67.8% (n=92), 83.8% (n=114), and 91.2% (n=124) respectively. The overall success rate of ESWL was 80.9%. A multivariate analysis revealed that HU [OR=0.89, 95% CI, 0.96-0.98, P=0.001) and stone size [OR=0.79, 95% CI, 0.62-0.98, P=0.051] were significantly affecting the first ESWL session success rate. Third session success rate was significantly affected by stone size [OR=0.76, 95% CI, 0.58-0.95, P=0.015]. Stent associated higher failure rate [OR=6.425, 95% CI, 2.132-18.235, p=0.001] and ESWL failure was three-times higher in females than in male. Conclusion: The present study found that the overall success rate of ESWL in urinary stone treatment was 80.9%. ESWL success rates were affected by stone size and HU. Patients' pain and fragmentation levels should be considered when adjusting the intensity of ESWL. Keywords: Urinary stone treatment, Outcomes, Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
Postoperative Infection in Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction Using Hamstring Autograft
Authors: Khan Abbas , Hussain Akhtar , Zeb Ahmad , Mehmood Yasir , Ullah Farman , Ullah Zain
Published: January 2023

Background: Because of the increasing number of participants in sports activities and traffic accidents, the frequency of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries has been increasing. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, which is widely used in the treatment of complete ACL tears, is an effective method for preventing chronic instability and early degenerative arthritis. Objective: To determine the postoperative infection in arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring autograft Methodology: This study was retrospective study carried out at the department of orthopaedics, Afridi Teaching Hospital, Peshawar for a period of six months from February 2022 to July 2022. The postoperative infection status of all the included patients was taken from the hospital record. IBM SPSS version 23 was used to conduct all statistical analyses. Results: In the current study, a total of 60 patients were included. There were 51 (85%) males and 9 (15%) females in our study. Based on the rate of infection amongst 60 patients the frequency of infection was 2 (3.33%). Conclusion: Infection after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring autograft is a relatively infrequent but devastating complication for patients. Better knowledge of the proper treatment protocols will contribute to improved quality of care for patients. Keywords: Postoperative infection; arthroscopic ACL reconstruction; hamstring autograft
Comparison Between Intra Vitreal Bevacizumab and Triamcinolone in Reducing Macular Thickness in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Khan Muhammad Sajid , Khan Tariq , Khan Farooq , Khan Ahmed Jamal , Ahmad Maqsood , Ullah Ubaid
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To compare the effect of intra vitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and intra vitreal triamcinolone (IVT) in reducing macular thickness in central retinal vein occlusion. Methods and Materials: This quasi experimental study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Hayat Abad Medical Complex Peshawar in the period from 01 January 2020 to 30 June 2020. Total 40 patients presented with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Patients were divided into two groups, group A received IVB treatment and group B received IVT treatment. The patients were followed up on 6th month post treatment. The primary outcomes of the study were visual acuity and reduction in macular thickness on OCT post treatment. Results: 40 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 60.70±15.49 in group A and in group B 60.40±12.83. There were 13 males and 7 females in group A and 12 males and 8 females in group B. Mean VA at baseline was 1.0825±0.25 logMAR in group A and 0.9745±0.29 logMAR in group B. Mean macular thickness at baseline was 625.40±47.15 µm in group A and 642.05±44.23 µm in group B. Mean VA at 6th month post treatment follow up was 0.4195±0.23 logMAR in group A and in group B was 0.4960±0.27 logMAR. At 6th month follow up macular thickness was 261.80±26.269 µm in group A and 263.80±22.209 µm in group B. Conclusion: Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and triamcinolone have shown a reduction in macular edema in CRVO patients along with improvement in visual acuity. Keywords: Bevacizumab, Triamcinolone, Macular Edema, Central Retinal Vein Occlusion, Visual Acuity