bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SILYL NITRONATES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. ROUTES TO HETEROCYCLES
Authors: SHARMA S. C. , TORSSELL K.
Published: April 2016

Die Nitronsäuresilylester (II) werden aus den Nitroverbindungen (I) unter Verwendung von N,O‐Bis‐(trimethylsilyD‐acetamid (BSA) oder N,O‐Bis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐trifluoracetamid (BSTFA) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4‐HYDROXY‐5,7‐DIMETHOXYCOUMARIN
Authors: AHLUWALIA V. K. , KUMAR D.
Published: April 2016

Kondensation des Acetophenons (I) mit Diethylcarbonat in Gegenwart von Natriummethylat ergibt das Carboxylat (IIIa) (1H‐NMR und IR) und nicht, wie früher berichtet, die Titelverbindung (IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: SOME 11‐SUBSTITUTED TETRAHYDROCANNABINOLS. SYNTHESIS AND COMPARISON WITH THE POTENT CANNABINOID METABOLITES 11‐HYDROXYTETRAHYDROCANNABINOLS
Authors: WILSON R. S. , MARTIN B. R. , DEWEY W. L.
Published: April 2016

Durch Grignard‐Reaktion des Ketons (I) und Dehydratisierung entsteht das Cyclohexen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(2‐CYANOETHYL) DERIVATIVES OF MEPERIDINE, KETOBEMIDONE, AND A POTENT 6,7‐BENZOMORPHAN
Authors: UWAYDAH I. M. , WADDLE M. K. , ROGERS M. E.
Published: April 2016

Mit Acrylnitril werden die Cyanethylderivate (Ia), (II) und (III) aus den entsprechenden Norbasen erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLIN‐4‐OL DERIVATIVES
Authors: QUESSY S. N. , WILLIAMS L. R.
Published: April 2016

Die Pictet‐Spengler Reaktion unter nicht sauren Bedingungen wird allgemein zur Synthese der Tetrahydroisochinolinole‐(4) angewandt, wie die Umsetzung von Norphenylephrin (I) mit den Carbonylen (II) zu (III) zeigt.
ChemInform Abstract: MAPPING THE DOPAMINE RECEPTOR. 2. FEATURES DERIVED FROM MODIFICATIONS IN THE RINGS A/B REGION OF THE NEUROLEPTIC BUTACLAMOL
Authors: PHILIPP A. H. , HUMBER L. G. , VOITH K.
Published: April 2016

Verschiedene Analoga von Butaclamol (IX) werden gemäß dem Formelbild dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF COCAINE ANALOGS. 2. 6H‐(2)BENZOPYRANO(4,3‐C)PYRIDIN‐6‐ONES
Authors: LAZER E. S. , HITE G. J. , NIEFORTH K. A. , STRATFORD E. S.
Published: April 2016

Inden (I)′ergibt über sein Magnesiumiodidsalz den Chloralkohol (II), dessen Ozonolyse bei oxidativer Aufarbeitung zum Lacton (III) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,5‐DIMETHYL‐4‐NITROARYL(AMINOARYL)PYRIDINES IN SYNTHESES OF SUBSTITUTED AZOBENZENES AND INDOLIZINES
Authors: PROSTAKOV N. S. , KRAPIVKO A. P. , SOLDATENKOV A. T. , SERGEEVA N. D. , KHEIR KHADI KHEIR KHADI
Published: April 2016

Die Nitrogruppe der Verbindung (I) wird reduziert und die entstehende Aminoverbindung zu (II) acetyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF 1,4‐DIAZAANTHRAQUINONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: NAKAZUMI H. , AGAWA T. , KITAO T.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von der Dichlorverbindung (Ia) wird auf 2 verschiedenen Wegen (A) und (B) das Diazaanthrachinon (IIc) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF AZA HOMOLOGS OF FOLIC ACID
Authors: MARTINELLI J. E. , CHAYKOVSKY M. , KISLIUK R. L. , GAUMONT Y.
Published: April 2016

Aus der Carbonsäure (I) erhält man mit (II) das Azid (III), das in siedendem Xylol zum entsprechenden Isocyanat führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE ISOQUINO(1,2‐C)(1,4)BENZOTHIAZINE RING SYSTEM
Authors: KUKLA M. J.
Published: April 2016

Dimethoxyphe‐ nylessigsäuremethylester (I) liefert das Ketonitril (II) mit Acetonitril/Ethylat, das zu (III) geschützt und dann durch Behandlung mit NaH und Bromessigsäuremethylester zu (IV) substituiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: BRIDGED‐RING NITROGEN COMPOUNDS. PART 1. A SYNTHESIS OF A 2,3,4,5‐TETRAHYDRO‐1,4‐ETHANO‐1‐BENZAZEPIN‐5(1H)‐ONE
Authors: LENNON M. , PROCTOR G. R.
Published: April 2016

Das Piperidinderivat (I) reagiert mit Dihydroresorcin zum Enamin (II), das in den Hydroxyester (III) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CROWN ETHERS WITH DIFFERENT PHARMACOPHORE GROUPS
Authors: ELBEN U. , FUCHS H.‐B. , FRENSCH K. , VOEGTLE F.
Published: April 2016

Dargestellt wurden die Arzneimittel‐Kronenether (I), (II) und (III) durch Kondensation der Aza‐Kronenether mit den entsprechenden Dicarbonsäurechloriden (abweichend (IIIa) (R1 = R2: ‐ C6H4‐NH2 durch Reduktion des Nitroderivats und (IIIb) durch Umsetzen des Kronenethers mit CHCl3/NaOH/H2O), ferner (IV) durch Kondensation der Barbitursäure bzw. Thiobarbitursäure mit 4‐Formylbenzo[15]krone‐5 und (VI)‐(IX) durch Kondensation des Isochinoliniumbromids (V) mit 1,1,1‐Dichlor‐3,6,9‐trioxaundecan bzw. analog.
ChemInform Abstract: CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT IN THE SILICON SERIES
Authors: ANCELLE J. , BERTRAND G. , JOANNY M. , MAZEROLLES P.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Thermolyse des Sily1‐vinylphenylethers (I) erhält man im Sinne einer Claisen‐Umlagerung das Cyclisierungspro‐ dukt (II).
ChemInform Abstract: COCONDENSATION OF DIORGANOBIS(DIETHYLAMINO)SILANES AND DIORGANODICHLOROSILANES WITH ORGANOSILANEDIOLS AND SILOXANEDIOLS
Authors: LEBEDEV E. P. , LUKASHENKO S. S. , BABURINA V. A. , FEDOROV A. D. , REIKHSFEL'D V. O.
Published: April 2016

Durch Co‐kondensation von Gemischen aus Diethylaminosilanen (II) bzw. (VII) mit Silandiolen (I) bzw. Siloxandiolen (V) und Dichlorsilanen (III), (VIII) oder (XI) erhält man die gemischten Cyclotetra‐ siloxane (IV), (VI) bzw. (XII) oder ein trennbares Gemisch der Cyclo‐tetra‐siloxane (IX) und (X).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF TRIALKYL PHOSPHITES WITH POLYHALOMETHANES
Authors: KUKHAR' V. P. , SAGINA E. I.
Published: April 2016

In tri‐ und tetrahalogenierten Methanen (I), (IX) und (XI) lassen sich mit Hilfe von Trialkylphosphiten (II) ein, zwei oder drei Halogenatome gegen einen Phosphonylrest austauschen.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF HYDROXYMETHYLPHOSPHINES WITH ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES AND THERMAL REARRANGEMENT OF α‐HYDROXYALKYLPHOSPHINES
Authors: VALETDINOV R. K. , ZUIKOVA A. N. , ZYABLIKOVA T. A. , IL'YASOV A. V.
Published: April 2016

Die Tris‐(hydroxymethyl)‐ phosphine (I) reagieren mit Aldehyden (II) zu den Tris‐(α‐hydroxyalkyl)‐phosphinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUOROALKYL PHOSPHONOUS ACID ESTERS
Authors: MASLENNIKOV I. G. , LAVRENT'EV A. N. , KHOVANSKAYA N. V. , LEBEDEV V. B. , SOCHILIN E. G.
Published: April 2016

Die Perfluoralkyl‐di‐iodphosphine (I) werden in die Perfluoralkyl‐dichlorphosphine (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: ANODIC OXIDATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. PART 2. FORMATION OF DIALKYL ARYLPHOSPHONATES VIA ARYLATION OF TRIALKYL PHOSPHITES
Authors: OHMORI H. , NAKAI S. , MASUI M.
Published: April 2016

Die anodische Oxidation der Trialkylphosphite (I) wird mittels cyclischer Voltammetrie und Potential‐kontrollierter Elektrolyse an glasartigen Kohleelektroden in Acetonitril untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF LEUCO COMPOUNDS OF PHOSPHORUS‐CONTAINING DIARYLMETHANE DYES
Authors: BYCHKOV N. N. , BOKANOV A. I. , STEPANOV B. I.
Published: April 2016

Der Alkohol (I) reagiert mit Diethylphosphinoxid (II) zu einem Gemisch der Verbindungen (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROALUMINATION OF OLEFINS BY 2‐ISOBUTYL‐1,2‐OXAALUMINOLANE
Authors: KUCHIN A. V. , AKHMETOV L. I. , YUR'EV V. P. , TOLSTIKOV G. A.
Published: April 2016

Vorgeschlagen wird als neues Hydroaluminierungsreagens das 2‐Isobutyl‐1,2‐alumo‐olan (I).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME TRIETHYLAMMONIUM DIHALOTRIOGANOSTANNATES
Authors: KUPCHIK E. J. , YAMNITSKY G. F.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung der Halogenstannate (I) mit Triethylammoniumchlorid (II) in siedendem THF, n‐Propanol, Acetonitril oder wäßrigem Ethanol liefert die Ammoniumstannate (IIIa) bis (IIIg).
ChemInform Abstract: MANGANESE(I) AND CHROMIUM(0) COMPLEXES OF PHENYL ISOCYANIDE
Authors: TREICHEL P. M. , FIRSICH D. W. , ESSENMACHER G. P.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese der Mn(I)‐Komplexe (I) erfolgt ausgehend von den entsprechenden Bromovorläufem Mn(CO)5‐n(CNPh)nBr, die man durch Carbonylsubstitution aus Mn(CO)5Br unter Stöchiometrie‐ und Temp.‐Kontrolle erhält.
ChemInform Abstract: MIXED‐LIGAND COMPLEXES OF O‐PHOSPHO‐DL‐SERINE
Authors: MOHAN M. S. , BANCROFT D. , ABBOTT E. H.
Published: April 2016

Die Bildung der ternären Gemischt‐Ligand‐Komplexe (I) und (II) in Lösung wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ANISOTROPIC MIXED‐VALENCE SYSTEMS. DIMERS OF THE DELOCALIZED CLUSTERS (RU3O(CH3CO2)6(L)3)N+
Authors: BAUMANN J. A. , SALMON D. J. , WILSON S. T. , MEYER T. J.
Published: April 2016

Die Darstellung der "dimeren" Ligand‐verbrückten Cluster (III) erfolgt durch Reaktion der Cluster (I), mit einzähnig koordiniertem Liganden, mit dem Cluster (II) mit labilem Lösungsmittelmolekül. Die Redoxeigenschaften der Cluster (III) werden mittels cyclischer Voltammetrie, Coulometrie und Differentialpulspolarographie untersucht und mit den früher ermittelten elektrochemischen Daten für die Cluster (I) verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYL GROUP MIGRATION IN RHODIUM CARBONYL DITHIOLATES AND THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF CARBONYL(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)(1‐(ETHYLTHIO)MALEONITRILE‐2‐THIOLATO)RHODIUM, RH(CO)(PPH3)(ET‐MNT)
Authors: CHENG C.‐H. , EISENBERG R.
Published: April 2016

Die Alkylgruppen‐Wanderung zwischen dem Acyl‐C‐Atom und einem S‐Donatoratom in den Dithiolato‐Rh‐Komplexen (II) wird durch Synthesen, IR‐ und NMR‐spektroskopische Charakterisierung sowie Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturbestimmung des S‐alkylierten Titelkomplexes (IIIb) (R2: Et) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON THE RATES OF UNCATALYZED CIS TO TRANS ISOMERIZATION AND METHANOL SOLVOLYSIS OF ARYLPLATINUM COMPLEXES: INFERENCES ON THE NATURE OF THE ARYL‐METAL BOND
Authors: ROMEO R. , MINNITI D. , LANZA S.
Published: April 2016

Die Komplexe (I) isomerisieren in Methanol spontan zu ihren trans‐Isomeren.
ChemInform Abstract: MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS. NOVEL C21 Δ20 PREGNANES FROM THE SEA RASPBERRY (GERSEMIA RUBIFORMIS)
Authors: KINGSTON J. F. , GREGORY B. , FALLIS A. G.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Aceton‐Extrakt der alkyonischen Korallen Gersemia rubiformis werden die beiden Steroidderivate (I) und (II) isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF ALANINE BY METHYLATION OF CHIRAL ISOCYANOACETIC ESTERS
Authors: LANGSTROEM B. + , STRIDSBERG B. , BERGSON G.
Published: April 2016

Aus Chloroacetylchlorid (I) und den Alkoholen (IIa)‐(IId) werden die Chloressigester (III) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES RELATED TO SUBSTANCE P AND THEIR ACTIVITIES AS AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS
Authors: RACKUR G. , YAMAGUCHI I. , LEBAN J. J. , BJOERKROTH U. , ROSELL S. , FOLKERS K.
Published: April 2016

Die Darstellung von 7 Analogen (Ib)‐(Id), (II), (III), (IVa) und (IVb) von Substanz P (SP) (Ia) nach der Festphasenmethode wird beschrieben; ihre Agonist‐ und Antagonist‐Wirksamkeit am isolierten Meerschweinchen‐Ileum wird getestet: (Ib) weist sehr geringe agonistische, jedoch keine signifikante antagonistische Aktivität auf; (Id) besitzt nur geringe Wirksamkeit, während (Ic) doppelt so aktiv ist wie (Ia).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW ARYLATING AGENT, 2‐CARBOXY‐4,6‐DINITROCHLOROBENZENE. REACTION WITH MODEL COMPOUNDS AND BOVINE PANCREATIC RIBONUCLEASE
Authors: BELLO J. , IIJIMA H. , KARTHA G.
Published: April 2016

2‐Carboxy‐4,6‐dinitrochlorbenzol (I) reagiert mit Imino‐, Amino‐ und Sulfhydryl‐Gruppen bereits in Gegenwart von Natriumhydrogcncarbonat, während Na‐Acetylhistidin, Na‐Acetyltyrosin und Na‐Acetyltryptophan keine Reaktion ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: STANNIC TETRACHLORIDE CATALYZED GLYCOSYLATION OF 8‐ETHOXYCARBONYLOCTANOL BY CELLOBIOSE, LACTOSE, AND MALTOSE ACTAACETATES; SYNTHESIS OF α‐ AND β‐GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGES
Authors: BANOUB J. , BUNDLE D. R.
Published: April 2016

Die 1,2‐trans‐Octaacetate (Ia), (Ib), (VI) von Cellobiose, Lactose bzw. Maltose reagieren mit dem Hydroxyester (II) bei ‐10°C zu den β‐Glycosiden (III) bzw. (V) (Verlauf über 1,2‐Acetoxonium‐Ionen).
ChemInform Abstract: HALBSYNTHESE VON VINBLASTIN, VINCRISTIN UND LEUROSIDIN, AUS CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS G. DON, EINER APOCYNACEEN‐ART, ISOLIERTEN ALKALOIDEN MIT ANTITUMOR‐WIRKUNG
Authors: MANGENEY P. , ANDRIAMIALISOA R. ZO. , LANGLOIS N. , LANGLOIS Y. , POTIER P.
Published: April 2016

Zur Darstellung von Vinblatin (VII) und Leurosidin (X) wird die durch Oxidation von Catharanthin mit m‐Chlor‐perbenzoesäure und Kupplung des entstandenen N‐ Oxids mit Vindolin (mit Hexafluoracetanhydrid) erhältliche Verbindung (I) in Anlehnung an den biogenetischen Weg über die Stufen (II)‐(IV) in die Zwischenstufe (V) übergeführt, aus der die beiden Titelverbindungen über die Oxidationsprodukte (VI) bzw. (VIII) zugänglich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: 2′‐O‐ACYL‐6‐THIOINOSINE CYCLIC 3′,5′‐PHOSPHATES AS PRODRUGS OF THIOINOSINIC ACID
Authors: MEYER R. B. JUN. , STONE T. E. , ULLMAN B.
Published: April 2016

Die Cyclophosphate (I) werden dargestellt und auf Cxtotoxizität an der Maus untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHEROMONES. XXV. ALKYL‐BRANCHED ANALOGS OF LEPIDOPTERAN PHEROMONES
Authors: BESTMANN H. J. , ROESEL P. , VOSTROWSKY O.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (XIV), (XV) und (XVIII) als Analoge von Schmetterlings‐Pheromonen werden synthetisiert: Umsetzung der Ketone (I) über die Stufen (II) führt zu den Alkoholen (III) (die alternativ auch ausgehend von Malonester (IV) erhältlich sind).
Experimente mit Erdalkalimetallen
Authors: Schimmele Frauke , Kaiser Christiane , Pitsch Susanne , Sitzmann Helmut
Published: April 2016

Reaktionen der Erdalkalimetalle Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium und Barium mit Wasser, Phenolphthaleinlösung, verdünntem Rotkohlsaft, verdünnter Salzsäure oder flüssigem Ammoniak eignen sich, um die Zunahme der Reaktivität innerhalb dieser Gruppe von Metallen mit zunehmender Ordnungszahl zu veranschaulichen. Bezieht man die Alkalimetalle Lithium und Natrium mit ein, so kann die Reaktivität von sechs s‐Block‐Elementen des Periodensystems im Reagenzglas mit kleinen Substanzmengen gezeigt werden.
Immunophenotypic characterization of ovine mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Khan Mohammad R. , Chandrashekran Anil , Smith Roger K.W. , Dudhia Jayesh
Published: April 2016

The clinical potential of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has led to the essential development of analytical tools such as antibodies against membrane‐bound proteins for the immunophenotypic characterization of human and rodent cells. Such tools are frequently lacking for emerging large animal models like the sheep that have greater relevance for the study of human musculoskeletal diseases. The present study identified a set of commercial nonspecies specific monoclonal antibodies for the immunophenotypic characterization of ovine MSCs. A protocol combining the less destructive proteolytic activity of accutase and EDTA was initially developed for the detachment of cells from plastic with minimum loss of cell surface antigens. A range of commercially available antibodies against human or rodent MSC antigens were then tested in single and multistain‐based assays for their cross‐reactivity to bone marrow derived ovine MSCs. Antibody clones cross‐reactive to ovine CD73 (96.9% ± 5.9), CD90 (99.6% ± 0.3), CD105 (99.1 ± 1.5), CD271 (97.7 ± 2.0), and MHC1 (94.0% ± 7.2) antigens were identified using previously reported CD29, CD44, and CD166 as positive controls. Multistaining analysis indicated the colocalization of these antigens on MSCs. Furthermore, antibody clones identified to cross‐react against white blood cell antigens exhibited either negative (CD117 (0.1% ± 0.1)) or low (MHCII (10.5% ± 16.0); CD31 (14.6% ± 4.2), and CD45 (39.4% ± 31.8)) cross‐reactivity with ovine MSCs. The validation of these antibody clones to sheep MSC antigens is essential for studies utilizing this large animal model for stem cell‐based therapies. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
In vivo photoacoustic flow cytometry for early malaria diagnosis
Authors: Cai Chengzhong , Carey Kai A. , Nedosekin Dmitry A. , Menyaev Yulian A. , Sarimollaoglu Mustafa , Galanzha Ekaterina I. , Stumhofer Jason S. , Zharov Vladimir P.
Published: April 2016

In vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) has already demonstrated a great potential for the diagnosis of deadly diseases through ultrasensitive detection of rare disease‐associated circulating markers in whole blood volume. Here, we demonstrate the first application of this powerful technique for early diagnosis of malaria through label‐free detection of malaria parasite‐produced hemozoin in infected red blood cells (iRBCs) as high‐contrast PA agent. The existing malaria tests using blood smears can detect the disease at 0.001–0.1% of parasitemia. On the contrary, linear PAFC showed a potential for noninvasive malaria diagnosis at an extremely low level of parasitemia of 0.0000001%, which is ∼103 times better than the existing tests. Multicolor time‐of‐flight PAFC with high‐pulse repetition rate lasers at wavelengths of 532, 671, and 820 nm demonstrated rapid spectral and spatial identification and quantitative enumeration of individual iRBCs. Integration of PAFC with fluorescence flow cytometry (FFC) provided real‐time simultaneous detection of single iRBCs and parasites expressing green fluorescence proteins, respectively. A combination of linear and nonlinear nanobubble‐based multicolor PAFC showed capability to real‐time control therapy efficiency by counting of iRBCs before, during, and after treatment. Our results suggest that high‐sensitivity, high‐resolution ultrafast PAFC–FFC platform represents a powerful research tool to provide the insight on malaria progression through dynamic study of parasite–cell interactions directly in bloodstream, whereas portable hand‐worn PAFC device could be broadly used in humans for early malaria diagnosis. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Quantifying the impacts of modeling uncertainties on the seismic drift demands and collapse risk of buildings with implications on seismic design checks
Authors: Gokkaya Beliz U. , Baker Jack W. , Deierlein Greg G.
Published: April 2016

Robust estimation of collapse risk should consider the uncertainty in modeling of structures as well as variability in earthquake ground motions. In this paper, we illustrate incorporation of the uncertainty in structural model parameters in nonlinear dynamic analyses to probabilistically assess story drifts and collapse risk of buildings. Monte Carlo simulations with Latin hypercube sampling are performed on ductile and non‐ductile reinforced concrete building archetypes to quantify the influence of modeling uncertainties and how it is affected by the ductility and collapse modes of the structures. Inclusion of modeling uncertainty is shown to increase the mean annual frequency of collapse by approximately 1.8 times, as compared with analyses neglecting modeling uncertainty, for a high‐seismic site. Modeling uncertainty has a smaller effect on drift demands at levels usually considered in building codes; for the same buildings, modeling uncertainty increases the mean annual frequency of exceeding story drift ratios of 0.03 by 1.2 times. A novel method is introduced to relate drift demands at maximum considered earthquake intensities to collapse safety through a joint distribution of deformation demand and capacity. This framework enables linking seismic performance goals specified in building codes to drift limits and other acceptance criteria. The distributions of drift demand at maximum considered earthquake and capacity of selected archetype structures enable comparisons with the proposed seismic criteria for the next edition (2016) of ASCE 7. Subject to the scope of our study, the proposed drift limits are found to be unconservative, relative to the target collapse safety in ASCE 7. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geochemical Sourcing of Flint Artifacts from Western Belgium and the German Rhineland: Testing Hypotheses on Gravettian Period Mobility and Raw Material Economy
Authors: Moreau Luc , Brandl Michael , Filzmoser Peter , Hauzenberger Christoph , Goemaere Éric , Jadin Ivan , Collet Hélène , Hauzeur Anne , Schmitz Ralf W.
Published: April 2016

Identifying the geological and geographical origin of lithic raw materials is critical to effectively address prehistoric forager raw material economies and mobility strategies. Currently, Paleolithic archaeology in Belgium lacks a systematic sourcing strategy to effectively substantiate detailed interpretations of prehistoric hunter‐gatherer behavioral change across time and space. This pilot study evaluates the potential to “fingerprint” flint from the Mons Basin, western Belgium, using the laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) technique and a multivariate statistical analysis of 87 geological samples and 39 Gravettian period chipped stone artifacts. We reappraise two hypotheses raised by previous scholars based on visual raw material identification: (1) the Gravettian occupants of Maisières‐Canal supplied themselves with “black flint” from one single source; (2) the sites Rhens and Koblenz‐Metternich yielded artifacts indicative of long‐distance transfer of western Belgian flint into the German Rhineland, ca. 260 km from the primary source area. Our results demonstrate the validity of LA‐ICP‐MS data with flint and compositional data analysis for fingerprinting discrete geological formations from the Mons Basin. We suggest multiple source provisioning for Maisières‐Canal. Geochemical characterization of other potential flint sources is required to validate the long‐distance transfer hypothesis of western Belgian “black flint” into the German Rhineland.
Analysis of 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Status According to Age, Gender, and Seasonal Variation
Authors: Yu Hui‐Jin , Kwon Min‐Jung , Woo Hee‐Yeon , Park Hyosoon
Published: April 2016

Background

The effects of age, gender, and seasonal variation on human levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are not well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate 25(OH)D status according to these factors in a Korean population.

Methods

A total of 303,943 serum 25(OH)D levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay between October 2011 and May 2014. Potential participants were ineligible for the study if they had significant renal, hepatic, or thyroid dysfunction, as well as any major ongoing disease that could influence serum 25(OH)D levels.

Results

A total of 95,137 subjects (49,662 men and 45,475 women) were included in this study. The mean 25(OH)D levels were higher in men (42.4 nmol/l) than in women (32.9 nmol/l, P < 0.001). Among the men and women, 73.0% and 88.9%, respectively, had 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/l, whereas only 3.8% of men and 1.4% of women had levels >75 nmol/l. The highest mean 25(OH)D value was noted in individuals aged ≥70 for both genders. The proportion of those with 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/l appeared to be higher among younger subjects (P < 0.001). Lastly, there were significant differences between 25(OH)D levels in individuals during summer to fall and winter to spring in both genders, indicating seasonal periodicity (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Serum 25(OH)D status varied according to gender, age, and season. Therefore, analyses of vitamin D status require individualized gender, age, and seasonally adjusted thresholds. Clinicians should consider these factors when determining optimal serum 25(OH)D levels in clinical practice.
Soft tissue myxofibrosarcoma: A clinico‐pathological analysis of a series of 75 patients with emphasis on the epithelioid variant
Authors: Scoccianti Guido , Ranucci Valentina , Frenos Filippo , Greto Daniela , Beltrami Giovanni , Capanna Rodolfo , Franchi Alessandro
Published: April 2016

Background and Objectives

The clinical course of soft tissue myxofibrosarcoma is characterized by a high incidence of recurrences and there is no agreement on how to identify patients at major risk. An epithelioid histological variant has been described, with a possible worse prognosis. We reviewed our series to identify prognostic factors and assess clinical significance of the epithelioid variant.

Methods

We examined the clinico‐pathological features of a series of 75 patients affected by soft tissue myxofibrosarcoma at a mean follow‐up of 63 months (range 17–132).

Results

Disease specific survival and local recurrence free survival were, respectively, 84.8% and 76.8% at 5 years. Seven patients (8.6%) presented with the epithelioid variant with a survival of 62.5%. High grade and epithelioid morphology were negative prognostic factors for patient survival, high grade, and inadequate surgical margins for local recurrence. Radiotherapy had a local protective effect in high grade tumors.

Conclusions

Our experience confirms the difficulties in obtaining wide margins in myxofibrosarcoma and the high rate of recurrence. Local recurrences did not significantly affect survival and a limb‐sparing approach can be chosen also in recurrences. Patients affected by the epithelioid variant showed a worse prognosis. Chemotherapy should be considered as adjuvant treatment in this subtype. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:50–55. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term outcomes in treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas: A 15 year single‐institution evaluation of prognostic features
Authors: Abdelfatah Eihab , Guzzetta Angela A. , Nagarajan Neeraja , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Choti Michael A. , Schulick Richard , Montgomery Elizabeth A. , Meyer Christian , Thornton Katherine , Herman Joseph , Terezakis Stephanie , Frassica Deborah , Ahuja Nita
Published: April 2016

Background

Retroperitoneal sarcomas are connective tissue tumors arising in the retroperitoneum. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. Debate has arisen over extent of resection, changes in histological classification/grading, and interest in incorporating radiotherapy. Therefore, we reviewed our institution's experience to evaluate prognostic factors.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of all primary RPS patients at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1994 to 2010. Histologic diagnosis and grading were re‐evaluated with current criteria. Prognostic factors for survival, and recurrence were assessed.

Results

One hundred thirty‐one primary RPS patients met inclusion criteria. Median survival for patients who undergo en‐bloc resection to negative margins (R0/R1) is 81.7 months. Surgical margins and grade were the most important factors for survival along with age, gender, presence of metastases and resection of ≥5 organs. Five‐year survival for R0/R1 resection was 60%, similar to compartmental resection. Radiotherapy significantly decreased local recurrence (P = 0.026) on multivariate analysis. Grade in leiomyosarcomas and dedifferentiation in liposarcomas dictated patterns of local versus distal recurrence.

Conclusions

En bloc surgical resection to R0/R1 margins remains the cornerstone of therapy and provides comparable outcomes to compartmental resections. Grade remains important for prognosis, and histology dictates recurrence patterns. Radiotherapy appears promising for local control and warrants further investigation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:56–64. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circumferential resection margins and perineal complications after neoadjuvant long‐course chemoradiotherapy followed by extralevator abdominoperineal excision of the rectum: Five years of activity at a single institution
Authors: Gravante Gianpiero , Miah Anur , Mann Christopher D. , Stephenson James Andrews , Gani Mohamed Akil Dilawar , Sharpe David , Norwood Michael , Boyle Kirsten , Miller Andrew , Hemingway David
Published: April 2016

Background

Prone extralevator abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (ELAPE) has been introduced to improve the circumferential resection margins (CRM) compared with traditional APER.

Objective

We present short‐term results achieved with prone ELAPE preceded by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy during the last 5 years of activity.

Design

A retrospective review was conducted.

Settings and Patients

Prone ELAPE operations performed between September 2010 and August 2014 at Leicester Royal Infirmary preceded by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Interventions and Main Outcome Measures

Data regarding demographics, staging, neoadjuvant therapies, intraoperative perforations, and perineal complications were collected.

Results

Seventy‐two patients were included. Pretreatment radiological T4 were 25.0%, histological T4 2.8%. Intraoperative perforations occurred in 2.8%, CRM was involved in 11.1%. Perineal complications consisted of superficial wound infections (20.8%), full thickness dehiscences (16.7%), hematomas (9.7%), pelvic collections (6.9%), and perineal hernias (5.6%).

Conclusions

In our experience, prone ELAPE preceded by long‐course chemoradiotherapy has been successfully used in the last 5 years to resect low rectal tumors. Perineal wound complications rates are similar to those presented in series using direct perineal closures. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:86–90. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Societal responsibility and moral hazard: How much are we willing to pay for quality‐adjusted life?
Authors: Stevenson Megan A. , Abbott Daniel E.
Published: April 2016

Health care spending in the United States continues to rise with cancer care consuming a disproportionate amount of that spending. As the US population ages and cancer treatment options become more complex, cost containment strategies have become essential in oncology. Patient‐centered decision‐making will help to contain costs but requires a well‐informed patient who is able to reconcile potential treatment choices with their beliefs and values. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:269–274. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Focus on audiologic impairment in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Seccia Veronica , Fortunato Susanna , Cristofani‐Mencacci Lodovica , Dallan Iacopo , Casani Augusto P. , Latorre Manuela , Paggiaro Pierluigi , Bartoli Maria Laura , Sellari‐Franceschini Stefano , Baldini Chiara
Published: April 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate the clinical features of audiologic impairment and its relationship with the nasal, vestibular, and rheumatologic profile in a cohort of patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly named Churg‐Strauss syndrome.

Study Design

Prospective cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Thirty‐nine patients with EGPA, considered controlled according to the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score and the Vasculitis Damage Index, underwent a complete audiologic evalutaion with otomicroscopy, impedance audiometry, speech audiometry, and auditory brainstem responses; rhinologic evaluation was made by means of fiberoptic endoscopy and nasal cytology; the clinical evaluation was completed with analysis of the facial function and, in patients with referred vertigo, with videonystagmography (VNG). Data were compared to the rheumatologic profile (eosinophil count, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies status).

Results

Thirty‐four of 39 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of those, 18 (52, 8%) were affected by variable degrees of hearing loss (sensorineural hearing loss [SNHL]) in four cases (11, 8%), mixed sensorineural and conductive hearing loss in two (5, 9%), presbycusis in six (17, 6%), and otitis media with effusion (OME) in six (17, 6%). Vestibular impairment was represented by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and unspecific dizziness in three (8, 8%) and four cases (11, 8%), respectively, all with normal VNG. Ear involvement was statistically related to the EGPA vasculitic pattern and independent from the nasal impairment, cytology, and duration of nasal symptoms. No facial palsy was registered.

Conclusion

In our experience, the largest in the existing literature, the otological involvement in EGPA is common and may occur variably as SNHL or OME. Otological involvement occurs early in the course of the disease process, but is nonspecific in making the diagnosis of EGPA. Its recognition is therefore fundamental.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:2792–2797, 2016
Impact of cochlear implantation on quality of life and mental comorbidity in patients aged 80 years
Authors: Knopke Steffen , Gräbel Stefan , Förster‐Ruhrmann Ulrike , Mazurek Birgit , Szczepek Agnieszka J. , Olze Heidi
Published: April 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of cochlear implantation in elderly patients (80 or older) with progressive bilateral deafening. The measured outcomes included the quality of life, speech understanding, tinnitus distress, stress level, anxiety, and depressiveness.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Seventeen 80+ years (mean 82.9 ± 2.7 years) patients with progressive, postlingual, bilateral deafness were unilaterally implanted with multichannel cochlear implants. Data about their health‐related quality of life (Nijmegen Cochlear Implantation Questionnaire) and their comorbidities were collected using specific validated questionnaires (tinnitus questionnaire, General Anxiety Disorder‐7, Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire). The speech understanding was assessed with the Freiburg Monosyllabic Test, whereas the subjective hearing was evaluated with the Oldenburg Inventory.

Results

After the surgery, not only the subjective hearing but also health‐related quality of life, speech understanding, and tinnitus distress of the implanted patients improved significantly. The perceived stress, general anxiety, and depressiveness were low or normal prior and after surgery.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a significant improvement in the quality of life and speech understanding in a group of elderly patients who underwent cochlear implantation. An additional positive indicator of a promising hearing rehabilitation was a significant improvement of the tinnitus distress. Perceived stress level, general anxiety, and the depressiveness of implanted patients were low and remained unaffected.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:2811–2816, 2016
The effect of anchors on reliability of endoscopic tremor ratings
Authors: Lowell Soren Y. , Kelley Richard T. , Busekroos Lauren , Voleti Ramani , Hosbach‐Cannon Carly J. , Colton Raymond H. , Mihaila Dragos
Published: April 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of anchors and training on intrarater and inter‐rater reliability for visual‐perceptual, endoscopic tremor ratings.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Nasoendoscopy recordings of 10 participants with a diagnosis of essential voice tremor were evaluated by five voice specialists using the Vocal Tremor Scoring System. Ratings were performed before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after implementation of a training program with anchor stimuli. Immediate and long‐term post‐training ratings were performed with simultaneous use of anchor samples for each rating.

Results

Intrarater reliability showed significant improvement from pretraining to immediate and long‐term post‐training. Mean correlation coefficients (Spearman's rho) increased from 0.71 at pretraining to 0.84 and 0.90 at immediate and long‐term post‐training, respectively. Inter‐rater reliability was not affected by training with anchors, with mean correlation coefficients ranging from 0.62 at pretraining to 0.58 and 0.64 at immediate and long‐term post‐training, respectively.

Conclusions

Consistent, reproducible ratings are critical for the interpretation and comparison of endoscopic tremor data. Reliability findings from this study indicate that the use of anchor samples as referents for making ordinal judgments about the severity of tremor in oropharyngeal and laryngeal regions was helpful for improving internal standards and consistency but less useful for calibrating across different raters.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2016 127:411–416, 2017
Effect of a 308‐nm excimer laser on atopic dermatitis‐like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice
Authors: Oh Chang Taek , Kwon Tae‐Rin , Seok Joon , Choi Eun Ja , Kim Soon Re , Jang Yu‐Jin , Mun Seog Kyun , Kim Chan Woong , Lee Sungeun , Lee Jongmin , Kim Myeung Nam , Choi Sun Young , Kim Beom Joon
Published: April 2016

Background and Objective

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that can affect all age groups. It has a relapsing course, which dramatically affects the quality of life of patients. A 308‐nm excimer laser has been reported to be a safe and effective treatment for inflammatory skin diseases, although the range of potential application has not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a 308‐nm laser on AD‐like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Dermatophagoides farinae‐exposed NC/Nga mice with a clinical score of 12 were treated with either a 308‐nm excimer laser or narrowband‐UVB (NB‐UVB). The effects of the 308‐nm excimer laser were evaluated by dermatitis scores, skin histology, skin barrier function, and immunological parameters, including IgE and Th2‐mediated cytokines.

Results

The 308‐nm excimer laser significantly reduced the severity of skin lesions and decreased the total serum levels of IgE and Th2‐mediated cytokines. The excimer laser also significantly reduced the inflammatory cellular infiltrate into AD‐induced skin lesions. Moreover, treatment with the 308‐nm excimer laser led to recovery of skin barrier function in AD‐induced skin lesions.

Conclusion

The 308‐nm excimer laser can be considered a valid and safe therapeutic option for the treatment of localized AD. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:629–637, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.