bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الشيخ محمد مختار بن عطارد البوغوري الجاوي ثم المكي (1868—1930 م) دن جارينغان علماء سوندا تيمور تنغاه أول أبد 20 م
Authors: Sya'ban Ginanjar Ahmad
Published: February 2021

This paper intends to study about Syaikh Muhammad Mukhtâr ibn ‘Athârid al-Bughûrî al-Jâwî tsumma al-Makkî (1862-1930), oneof the important scholar who taught at Makkah al-Mukarramah in the early 20th century. This scholar came from Tatar Pasundan(West Java) in Nusantara, precisely from Bogor. Therefore, his name is attributed “al-Bûghûrî al-Jâwî” (from Bogor-Nusantara). Amongsthis students who came from Nusantara, he was popular as Shaykh Mukhtar Bogor or Guru Mukhtar Bogor. His figure can be referredas “the masters of Sundanese scholars who teach at Masjidil Haram”.Futhermore, this paper will also highlights the intellectual works of Shaykh Muhammad Mukhtâr ‘Athârid al-Bûghûrî. The works werewritten by him during his period of stay in Makkah and published in several publishers of the Middle East. Al-Bûghûrî wrote his works inArabic and Sundanese (Arabic in writing) in various fields, ranging from theology (‘aqîdah), jurisprudence (fiqh), astronomy, hadith, andtasawwuf. The works became more interesting because it could be a list of “treasures of Sundanese texts found in the Middle East”.

It is hoped that the information presented about the figure of Shaykh Muhammad Mukhtâr ‘Athârid al-Bûghûrî, an ajengan Sunda, whobecame a professor at the Grand Mosque in Makkah, as well as his intellectual works and his contributions in Islamic civilization, aresufficiently representative through this paper . In addition, the study of this paper is also expected to provide a new perspective for the history ofthe Sundanese intellectual movement in the Middle East as well as the literary treasures and the Sundanese-Islamic texts in the region.
Résultats récents en files d’attente avec rappels à sources finies avec collisions
Authors: NAZAROV Anatoly , SZTRIK János , KVACH Anna
Published: February 2021

L’objectif de ce chapitre est de donner un aperçu des résultats récents sur les systèmes de files d’attente avec rappel à source finie à serveur unique avec collision de clients. Il s’agit notamment de déterminer lorsque le serveur est fiable et de modéliser les pannes et les réparations aléatoires du serveur selon qu’il est inactif ou occupé. Les méthodes numériques, de simulation et asymptotiques, assistées par des outils, sont considérées sous la condition d’un nombre croissant et illimité de sources.
Optimisation multi-objectif stochastique : un algorithme de descente
Authors: MERCIER Quentin , POIRION Fabrice
Published: February 2021

Dans cette étude, l’algorithme classique du gradient stochastique utilisé en optimisation stochastique est appliqué au cas de l’optimisation multi-objectif pour des fonctions coûts qui sont soit régulières, convexes ou non régulières. Cet algorithme est basé sur l’existence d’un vecteur de descente commun et il est presque sûrement convergent. Une application en optimisation fiabiliste est présentée ainsi que des comparaisons avec d’autres algorithmes.
La contribution des technologies numériques à l’accessibilité des environnements d’apprentissage
Authors: WEBER Harald
Published: February 2021

Cette étude relie l’impératif d’accessibilité aux nouvelles approches de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage soutenues par l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) dans les contextes éducatifs. Elle souligne que la manière dont nous utilisons les TIC dans et en dehors du système éducatif, et non la technologie elle-même, nécessite de repenser et de reconfigurer en permanence l’éducation, avec des implications à la fois sur les organisations éducatives, les enseignants et les élèves.
Molecular mechanisms of fat deposition: IL-6 is a hub gene in fat lipolysis, comparing thin-tailed with fat-tailed sheep breeds
Authors: Farhadi Sana , Shodja Ghias Jalil , Hasanpur Karim , Mohammadi Seyed Abolghasem , Ebrahimie Esmaeil
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Tail fat content affects meat quality and varies significantly among
different breeds of sheep. Ghezel (fat-tailed) and Zel (thin-tailed) are two
important Iranian local sheep breeds with different patterns of fat storage.
The current study presents the transcriptome characterization of tail fat
using RNA sequencing in order to get a better comprehension of the molecular
mechanism of lipid storage in the two mentioned sheep breeds. Seven (Zel = 4
and Ghezel = 3) 7-month-old male lambs were used for this experiment. The
results of sequencing were analyzed with bioinformatics methods, including
differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification, functional enrichment
analysis, structural classification of proteins, protein–protein
interaction (PPI) and network and module analyses. Some of the DEGs, such as
LIPG, SAA1, SOCS3, HIF-1α, and especially IL-6, had a close
association with lipid metabolism. Furthermore, functional enrichment
analysis revealed pathways associated with fat deposition, including “fatty
acid metabolism”, “fatty acid biosynthesis” and “HIF-1 signaling
pathway”. The structural classification of proteins showed that major
down-regulated DEGs in the Zel (thin-tailed) breed were classified under
transporter class and that most of them belonged to the solute carrier transporter (SLC) families. In
addition, DEGs under the transcription factor class with an important role in
lipolysis were up-regulated in the Zel (thin-tailed) breed. Also, network
analysis revealed that IL-6 and JUNB were hub genes for up-regulated PPI
networks, and HMGCS1, VPS35 and VPS26A were hub genes for down-regulated PPI
networks. Among the up-regulated DEGs, the IL-6 gene seems to play an important
role in lipolysis of tail fat in thin-tailed sheep breeds via various
pathways such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Due to the
probable role of the IL-6 gene in fat lipolysis and also due to the strong
interaction of IL-6 with the other up-regulated DEGs, it seems that IL-6
accelerates the degradation of lipids in tail fat cells.
Improving prediction of trans-boundary biomass burning plume
dispersion: from northern peninsular Southeast Asia to downwind
western north Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ooi Maggie C. , Chuang Ming-Tung , Fu Joshua S. , Kong Steven S. , Huang Wei-Syun , Wang Sheng-Hsiang , Chan Andy , Pani Shantanu K. , Lin Neng-Huei
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The boreal spring biomass burning (BB) in the northern peninsular Southeast Asia (nPSEA) are lifted into the subtropical jet stream, get transported and deposited across nPSEA, South China, Taiwan, and even the western North Pacific Ocean. This paper as part of the 7-Southeast Asian Studies (7-SEAS) project effort attempts to improve the prediction capability of the chemical transport model (WRF-CMAQ) over a vast region including the mountainous near-source burning sites at nPSEA to its downwind region. Several sensitivity analyses of plume rise are compared in the paper and it discovers that the initial vertical allocation profile of BB plume and plume rise module (PLMRIM) are the main reasons causing the inaccuracies of the WRF-CMAQ simulations. The smoldering emission from the Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP) empirical algorithm included has improve the accuracies of PM10, O3 and CO at the source. The best performance at the downwind sites is achieved with the inline PLMRIM that accounts for the atmospheric stratification at the mountainous source region with the high-resolution FINN burning emission dataset. The calibrated model greatly improves not only the BB emission prediction over near-source and receptor ground-based measurement sites but also the aerosol vertical distribution (MPLNET, CALIPSO) and column aerosol optical depth (MODIS AOD) of the BB aerosol along the transport route. Three distinct transport mechanisms from nPSEA to the western North Pacific are then identified while a particular mechanism which involves Asian cold surge is able to mix the BB smoke plumes into the boundary layer and affects the ground surface over the western Taiwan.
Effects of marine organic aerosols as sources of immersion-mode ice-nucleating particles on high-latitude mixed-phase clouds
Authors: Zhao Xi , Liu Xiaohong , Burrows Susannah M. , Shi Yang
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Mixed-phase clouds are frequently observed in high-latitude regions and have important impacts on the surface energy budget
and regional climate. Marine organic aerosol (MOA), a natural source of
aerosol emitted over ∼ 70 % of Earth's surface, may
significantly modify the properties and radiative forcing of mixed-phase
clouds. However, the relative importance of MOA as a source of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in comparison to mineral dust, and MOA's effects
as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and INPs on mixed-phase clouds are still
open questions. In this study, we implement MOA as a new aerosol species
into the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6), the atmosphere
component of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2), and allow
the treatment of aerosol–cloud interactions of MOA via droplet activation
and ice nucleation. CAM6 reproduces observed seasonal cycles of marine
organic matter at Mace Head and Amsterdam Island when the MOA fraction of
sea spray aerosol in the model is assumed to depend on sea spray biology
but fails when this fraction is assumed to be constant. Model results
indicate that marine INPs dominate primary ice nucleation below 400 hPa over
the Southern Ocean and Arctic boundary layer, while dust INPs are more
abundant elsewhere. By acting as CCN, MOA exerts a shortwave cloud forcing
change of −2.78 W m−2 over the Southern Ocean in the austral summer.
By acting as INPs, MOA enhances the longwave cloud forcing by 0.35 W m−2 over the Southern Ocean in the austral winter. The annual global
mean net cloud forcing changes due to CCN and INPs of MOA are −0.35 and
0.016 W m−2, respectively. These findings highlight the vital
importance for Earth system models to consider MOA as an important
aerosol species for the interactions of biogeochemistry, hydrological cycle,
and climate change.
Characterization and potential for reducing optical resonances in Fourier transform infrared spectrometers of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC)
Authors: Blumenstock Thomas , Hase Frank , Keens Axel , Czurlok Denis , Colebatch Orfeo , Garcia Omaira , Griffith David W. T. , Grutter Michel , Hannigan James W. , Heikkinen Pauli , Jeseck Pascal , Jones Nicholas , Kivi Rigel , Lutsch Erik , Makarova Maria , Imhasin Hamud K. , Mellqvist Johan , Morino Isamu , Nagahama Tomoo , Notholt Justus , Ortega Ivan , Palm Mathias , Raffalski Uwe , Rettinger Markus , Robinson John , Schneider Matthias , Servais Christian , Smale Dan , Stremme Wolfgang , Strong Kimberly , Sussmann Ralf , Té Yao , Velazco Voltaire A.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Although optical components in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers
are preferably wedged, in practice, infrared spectra typically suffer from the
effects of optical resonances (“channeling”) affecting the retrieval of
weakly absorbing gases. This study investigates the level of channeling of
each FTIR spectrometer within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric
Composition Change (NDACC). Dedicated spectra were recorded by more than
20 NDACC FTIR spectrometers using a laboratory mid-infrared source and two
detectors. In the indium antimonide (InSb) detector domain (1900–5000 cm−1), we found
that the amplitude of the most pronounced channeling frequency amounts to
0.1 ‰ to 2.0 ‰ of the spectral background level,
with a mean of (0.68±0.48) ‰ and a median of
0.60 ‰. In the mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) detector domain
(700–1300 cm−1), we find even stronger effects, with the largest
amplitude ranging from 0.3 ‰ to 21 ‰ with a mean
of (2.45±4.50) ‰ and a median of 1.2 ‰. For
both detectors, the leading channeling frequencies are 0.9 and 0.11 or
0.23 cm−1 in most spectrometers. The observed spectral frequencies
of 0.11 and 0.23 cm−1 correspond to the optical thickness of the
beam splitter substrate. The 0.9 cm−1 channeling is caused by the
air gap in between the beam splitter and compensator plate. Since the air gap
is a significant source of channeling and the corresponding amplitude differs
strongly between spectrometers, we propose new beam splitters with the wedge
of the air gap increased to at least 0.8∘. We tested the insertion of
spacers in a beam splitter's air gap to demonstrate that increasing the wedge
of the air gap decreases the 0.9 cm−1 channeling amplitude
significantly. A wedge of the air gap of 0.8∘ reduces the
channeling amplitude by about 50 %, while a wedge of about
2∘ removes the 0.9 cm−1 channeling completely. This study
shows the potential for reducing channeling in the FTIR spectrometers operated
by the NDACC, thereby increasing the quality of recorded spectra across the
network.
Species Correlation Measurements in Turbulent Flare Plumes:
Considerations for Field Measurements
Authors: Seymour Scott P. , Johnson Matthew R.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Field measurement of flare emissions in turbulent flare plumes is an important and complex challenge. The simplest approaches necessarily assume that combustion species are spatially and/or temporally correlated in the plume, such that simple species ratios can be used to close a carbon balance to calculate species emission rates (i.e. emission factors) and flare conversion efficiency. This study examines the veracity of this assumption and the associated implications for measurement uncertainty. A novel tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) system is used to measure the correlation between H2O and black carbon (BC) volume fractions in the plumes of a vertical, turbulent, non-premixed, buoyancy-driven lab-scale gas flare. Experiments reveal that instantaneous, path-averaged concentrations of BC and H2O can vary independently and are not necessarily well-correlated over short time intervals. The scatter in the BC / H2O ratio along a path through the plume was well beyond that which could be attributed to measurement uncertainty and was asymmetrically distributed about the mean. Consistent with previous field observations, this positive skewness toward higher BC / H2O ratios implies short, localized, and infrequent bursts of high BC production, that are not well-correlated with H2O. This demonstrates that the common assumption of fixed species ratios is not universally valid, and measurements based on limited samples, short sampling times, and/or limited spatial coverage of the plume could be subject to potentially large added uncertainty. For BC emission measurements, the positive skewness of the BC / H2O ratio also suggests that results from small numbers of samples are more likely to be biased low. However, a bootstrap analysis of the results shows how these issues should be easily avoidable with sufficient sample size and provides initial guidance for creating sampling protocols for future field measurements using analogous path-averaged techniques.
Drone Measurements of Surface-Based Winter Temperature
Inversions in the High Arctic at Eureka
Authors: Tikhomirov Alexey B. , Lesins Glen , Drummond James R.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The absence of sunlight during the winter in the High Arctic results in a strong surface-based atmospheric temperature inversion especially during clear skies and light surface wind conditions. The inversion suppresses turbulent heat transfer between the ground and the boundary layer. As a result the difference between the surface air temperature, measured at a height of 2 m, and the ground skin temperature can exceed several degrees Celsius. Such inversions occur very frequently in polar regions and are of interest to understand the mechanisms responsible for surface-atmosphere heat, mass and momentum exchanges and are critical for satellite validation studies. In this paper we present the results of operations of two commercial remotely piloted aircraft systems, or drones, at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL), Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, at 80° N latitude. The drones are the Matrice 100 and M210-RTK quad-copters manufactured by DJI and were flown over Eureka during the February–March field campaigns in 2017 and 2020. They were equipped with a temperature measurement system built on a Raspberry Pi single-board computer, three platinum wire temperature sensors, GNSS receiver, and a pressure sensor. We demonstrate that the drones can be effectively used in the High Arctic to measure vertical temperature profiles up to 60 m of the ground and sea ice surface. Our results indicate that the inversion lapse rates within 0–10 m altitude range above the ground can reach the values of ~0.1–0.3 °C/m (~100–300 °C/km). The results are in a good agreement with the coincident temperatures measured at 2, 6 and 10 m levels at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration flux tower at PEARL. Above 10 m a weaker inversion with an order of magnitude smaller lapse rates is recorded by the drone. The inversion strength agrees well with one obtained from the radiosonde temperature measurements. Above the sea ice, drone temperature profiles are found to have an isothermal layer above a surface based layer of instability which is attributed to the sensible heat flux through the sea ice. With the drones we were able to evaluate the influence of local topography on the surface-based inversion structure above the ground and to measure extremely cold temperatures of air that can pool in topographic depressions. The unique technical challenges of conducting drone campaigns in the winter High Arctic are highlighted in the paper.
531-year non-growth season precipitation reconstruction in the
southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Keyimu Maierdang , Li Zongshan , Fu Bojie , Liu Guohua , Chen Weiliang , Fan Zexin , Fang Keyan , Wu Xiuchen , Wang Xiaochun
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Trees record climatic conditions during their growth, and tree-rings serve as a proxy to reveal the features of the historical climate of a region. In this study, we collected tree-ring cores of forest hemlock (Tsuga forrestii) from the northwestern Yunnan area of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP), and created a residual tree-ring width (TRW) chronology. An analysis of the relationship between tree growth and climate revealed that precipitation during the non-growth season (NGS) (from November of the previous year to February of the current year) was the most important constraining factor on the radial tree growth of forest hemlock in this region. In addition, the influence of NGS precipitation on radial tree growth was relatively uniform over time (1956–2005). Accordingly, we reconstructed the NGS precipitation over the period spanning from A.D. 1475–2005. The reconstruction accounted for 28.5 % of the actual variance during the common period 1956–2005, and the leave-one-out verification parameters indicated the reliability of the reconstruction. Based on the reconstruction, NGS was extremely dry during the years A.D. 1475, 1656, 1670, 1694, 1703, 1736, 1897, 1907, 1943, 1969, 1982, and 1999. In contrast, the NGS was extremely wet during the years A.D. 1491, 1536, 1558, 1627, 1638, 1654, 1832, 1834–1835, and 1992. Similar variations of the NGS precipitation reconstruction series and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) reconstructions from surrounding regions indicated the reliability of the reconstruction. A comparison of the reconstruction with Climate Research Unit (CRU) gridded data revealed that our reconstruction was representative of the NGS precipitation variability of a large region in the SETP.
Modelling earthquake rates and associated uncertainties in the
Marmara Region, Turkey
Authors: Chartier Thomas , Scotti Oona , Lyon-Caen Hélène , Richard-Dinger Keith , Dieterich James H. , Shaw Bruce E.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Modelling the seismic potential of active faults and the associated epistemic uncertainty is a fundamental step of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). We use SHERIFS (Seismic Hazard and Earthquake Rate In Fault Systems), an open-source code allowing to build hazard models including earthquake ruptures involving several faults, to model the seismicity rates on the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) system in the Marmara region. Through an iterative approach, SHERIFS converts the slip-rate on the faults into earthquake rates that follow a Magnitude Frequency Distribution (MFD) defined at the fault system level, allowing to model complex multi-fault ruptures and off-fault seismicity while exploring the underlying epistemic uncertainties. In a logic tree, we explore uncertainties concerning the locking state of the NAF in the Marmara Sea, the maximum possible rupture in the system, the shape of the MFD and the ratio of off-fault seismicity. The branches of the logic tree are weighted according to the match between the modelled earthquake rate and the earthquake rates calculated from the local data, earthquake catalogue and paleoseismicity. In addition, we use the result of the physics-based earthquake simulator RSQSim to inform the logic tree and increase the weight on the hypotheses that are compatible with the result of the simulator. Using both the local data and the simulator to weight the logic tree branches, we are able to reduce the uncertainties affecting the earthquake rates in the Marmara region. The weighted logic tree of models built in this study is used in a companion article to calculate the probability of collapse of a building in Istanbul.
Changes in drought features at European level over the last 120 years
Authors: Ionita Monica , Nagavciuc Viorica
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In this study we analyze the drought features at European level over the period 1901–2019, using three drought indices: the Standardized precipitation (SPI), the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI). The results based on the SPEI and scPDSI indices point out to the fact that central Europe (CEU) and the Mediterranean region (MED) are becoming dryer, due to an increase in the potential evapotranspiration and the mean air temperature, while the northern part of Europe (NEU) is becoming wetter. By contrast, the SPI drought index does not reveal these changes in the drought variability, mainly due to the fact that the precipitation does not exhibit a significant change, especially over CEU. SPEI12 indicates a significant increase both in the frequency and area over the last three decades for MED and CEU, while SPI12 is not capturing these features. By analyzing the joint probability of compound events (e.g. high temperatures/droughts), we show that the potential evapotranspiration and the mean air temperature are becoming essential components for drought occurrence over CEU and MED. This, together with the projected increase in the potential evapotranspiration under a warming climate, has significant implications concerning the future occurrence of drought events, especially for MED and CEU regions.
Effect of small-scale snow surface roughness on snow albedo and reflectance
Authors: Manninen Terhikki , Anttila Kati , Jääskeläinen Emmihenna , Riihelä Aku , Peltoniemi Jouni , Räisänen Petri , Lahtinen Panu , Siljamo Niilo , Thölix Laura , Meinander Outi , Kontu Anna , Suokanerva Hanne , Pirazzini Roberta , Suomalainen Juha , Hakala Teemu , Kaasalainen Sanna , Kaartinen Harri , Kukko Antero , Hautecoeur Olivier , Roujean Jean-Louis
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The primary goal of this paper is to present a model of
snow surface albedo accounting for small-scale surface roughness effects.
The model is based on photon recollision probability, and it can be combined
with existing bulk volume albedo models, such as Two-streAm Radiative TransfEr in Snow (TARTES). The model is fed
with in situ measurements of surface roughness from plate profile and laser
scanner data, and it is evaluated by comparing the computed albedos with
observations. It provides closer results to empirical values than volume-scattering-based albedo simulations alone. The impact of surface roughness
on albedo increases with the progress of the melting season and is larger
for larger solar zenith angles. In absolute terms, small-scale surface
roughness can decrease the total albedo by up to about 0.1. As regards the
bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF), it is found that surface roughness
increases backward scattering especially for large solar zenith angle
values.
Orientation selective grain sublimation-deposition in snow under
temperature gradient metamorphism observed with Diffraction
Contrast Tomography
Authors: Granger Rémi , Flin Frédéric , Ludwig Wolfgang , Hammad Ismail , Geindreau Christian
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In this study on temperature gradient metamorphism in snow, we investigate the hypothesis that there exists a favorable crystalline orientation relative to the temperature gradient, giving rise to a faster formation of crystallographic facets. We applied in-situ time-lapse Diffraction Contrast Tomography on a snow sample with a density of 476 kg m−3 subject to a temperature gradient of 52 °C m−1 at mean temperatures in the range between −4.1 °C and −2.1 °C for three days. The orientations of about 900 grains along with their microstructural evolution are followed over time. Faceted crystals appear during the evolution and from the analysis of the material fluxes, we indeed observe higher sublimation-deposition rate for grains with their c-axis in the horizontal plane at the beginning of the metamorphism. This remains the case up to the end of the experiment for what concerns sublimation while the differences vanish for deposition. That latter observation is explained in terms of geometrical interactions between grains.
Khol’â (the dislocation): An Analytical View of the Supreme Court’s Judges Compared to Islamic Jurisprudence
Authors:   University of Bouira –Algeria, Chihani Samir , Si Youcef Kaci ,   University of Bouira –Algeria
Published: February 2021

The Algerian legislator has developed several ways and methods to release the marital union. One of these is the Khol’â or the dislocation whereby the woman requests divorce from her husband in exchange for money that she offers to him. If the husband accepts both Khol’â or the dislocation and the offer, then there is no problem. In case he accepted the dislocation and rejected the offer, the judge would have to determine the allowance on the basis of the dowry of similar cases. Before the amendment of the family code in 2005 and due to the lack of clarity in the text, the judges’ opinions differed if the husband refused dislocation altogether. A woman may request Khol’â before completing the physical marriage procedures, that is, before consummation, and here we face the problem of the judges ’response to her request. This research paper aims to clarify the truth of what judges in general, and Supreme Court justices in particular, have said, regarding whether Khol’â is considered a pure right for women or men had a share in it. And, whether it is really not valid to divorce before consummation because it violates either the law or the provisions of Islamic law. In our research, we have used the descriptive and analytical methodology, in addition to the comparative method. At the end we have deduced that the judges used to stipulate the husband’s consent for the Khol’â. But now they have established that it is a pure right for women, especially after amending Article 54 of the family law. They are also almost unanimous in the non-permissibility of Khol’â before consummation, while the Supreme Court is settled on that. We have come to the conclusion that this does not have a legal basis, that means there is no text that prohibits it not even in Sharia, as the jurists of the four schools are all agreed upon its validity.
Tecnologia, Inclusão e Gestão Democrática: Desafiando a Cultura Institucional
Authors: Monaco Fabíola Maria , Mizukami Maria da Graça Nicoletti
Published: February 2021

No contexto de transformações tecnológicas e paradigmáticas nas diversas instituições das sociedades, o Projeto Escola do Futuro foi concebido e materializado em 5 escolas municipais de Ensino Fundamental do município de São Carlos - SP, tendo em seu escopo o ideal de uma educação inclusiva, tecnologicamente atualizada e orientada para a demanda de sua comunidade. Diante das contribuições recentes da literatura científica a respeito da centralidade do educador no trabalho formativo, considerando a sua subjetividade em associação às condições objetivas oferecidas (tais como recursos didáticos, cultura institucional etc.), este trabalho está centrado em responder à questão: quais concepções, anseios e expectativas estão presentes nas escolas que se encontram na iminência da implantação de um projeto de inovação tecnológica, sob a ótica de seus sujeitos ? Tomando como principal fonte de dados os depoimentos - coletados por meio de entrevistas com roteiro semi-estruturado - dos sujeitos envolvidos com a Escola do Futuro, os resultados sinalizam algumas indefinições constantes no projeto, relacionadas a conceitos fundamentais face aos desafios e perspectivas de seu sucesso, dentre eles: democracia, cultura comunitária, tecnologia e alfabetização tecnológica. Concluindo, traçamos algumas considerações sobre a necessidade da construção de práticas que favoreçam a vivência e o fortalecimento do diálogo permanente.
A Pesquisa como Eixo Interdisciplinar no Estágio e a Formação do Professor Pesquisador- Reflexivo
Authors: Ghedin Evandro
Published: February 2021

A experiência de estágio na formação de professores representa uma primeira aproximação do professor com seu campo de atuação profissional. Tal experiência o obriga a realizar um trabalho de síntese entre teoria e prática educativa. Acreditasse que tanto o desenvolvimento profissional quanto o curricular só poderão dar-se no contexto de um processo que articule intimamente teoria e prática educativa. Em nosso entendimento, o eixo que articula esses dois espaços da formação é o conceito de pesquisa, enquanto instrumento epistemológico e metodológico do processo de construção do conhecimento do professor em formação. Compreendemos que o processo formativo fundado sobre a reflexão na ação e sobre a ação, ao mesmo tempo em que valoriza a prática docente como fonte de pesquisa e de autonomia do professor, lhe dá a responsabilidade por seu desenvolvimento profissional. O presente trabalho de pesquisa, em sintonia com o debate sobre a articulação teoria e prática, levanta a discussão sobre a importância da pesquisa na formação de professores, enfatizando-a como princípio formativo e científico. Trata-se de uma concepção de formação do professor que afirma que o mesmo deve ser capaz de produzir conhecimento a partir de sua prática educativa, superando, dessa forma, as tradicionais perspectivas acadêmica e técnica de formação de professores. Dentro dessa perspectiva destacam-se algumas propostas que estimulam uma revisão na formação acadêmica dos professores: o professor investigador em aula e o professor pesquisador. No âmbito da formação especificamente acadêmica a perspectiva do professor/pesquisador traz algumas implicações que obrigam a uma revisão do processo formativo e da concepção curricular. Uma dessas implicações diz respeito às formas de superação do tradicional distanciamento entre pesquisa acadêmica e prática pedagógica. Nessa direção, compreendemos que a prática reflexiva tem o mesmo sentido e direção da prática orientada pela pesquisa. Daí a necessidade de implementar no curso de formação de professores a pesquisa como alternativa de crescimento profissional para professores em formação.
Docência Orientada: Aprendizagens Compartilhadas no Ensino Universitário
Authors: De Oliveira Valeska Fortes
Published: February 2021

Aprende-se a ser professor em diferentes espaços e tempos. O artigo trata de algumas reflexões construídas acerca de uma experiência de aprendizagem realizada na Docência Orientada, disciplina curricular do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com professoras mestrandas sob minha orientação. Toma como referência parte de uma pesquisa sobre as contribuições da docência Orientada num projeto de formação de professores, em nível de pós-graduação. Os depoimentos foram produzidos com base em escritas autobiográficas, construídas a partir do desafio da questão: Docência Orientada: as aprendizagens que venho construindo. O que esperava encontrar e o que encontrei no espaço da docência no ensino superior? Além das escritas das professoras que participam da experiência do ensino e da aprendizagem no espaço da universidade, o texto toma ainda como referência um memorial apresentado por um dos mestrandos da turma 2004 que explicita sua escolha pela profissão de professor no curso de Medicina, assim como suas representações sobre a docência. Tomando a questão “como e onde se aprende a ser professor no ensino superior?” vou tecendo uma interlocução com as escritas e com alguns autores que entram no cenário, auxiliando a experiência analítica. A categoria central - aprendizagens para sermos professores no ensino superior – nos encaminha para outros movimentos e momentos reflexivos, quando somos convidados a pensar a formação de professores para além dos cursos acadêmicos de formação inicial. Percebemos, então, que o espaço da pós-graduação não foi concebido como lócus de formação de um professor; ao contrário, na sua criação, pensamos na preparação de pesquisadores. Posto isso, temos uma possibilidade de aprendizagem sobre a docência na universidade, na experiência de atuação compartilhada na sala de aula, principalmente, tratando-se de um curso de pós-graduação, com uma linha intitulada “Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional”. Algumas considerações podem ser trazidas como possíveis conclusões: a experimentação da Docência Orientada como um tempo/espaço formador tem possibilitado, além da construção de processos de identificação com a docência, a construção de alternativas de ensino na perspectiva da construção de uma pedagogia universitária. Afastando-se da concepção de ensino como dom, como vocação ou “amadorismo”, há nas escritas o desejo da construção de um perfil profissional, uma professoralidade que toma como fonte de construção de saberes professores que produziram marcas nas suas trajetórias de formação acadêmica.
Quando a formação reflexiva do professor se torna um caso de Supervisão
Authors: Martins Clicia Bührer , Cavagnari Luzia Borsato
Published: February 2021

No presente texto objetiva-se apresentar uma análise sobre a correspondência entre tutoria e supervisão escolar e a participação dos tutores na formação reflexiva dos estudantes-professores do Curso Normal Superior com Mídias Interativas  CNSMI da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa/PR, pertencentes ao quarto circuito do curso. A opção por essa temática deu-se pela necessidade de produção teórica na área da supervisão escolar e pela possibilidade do estabelecimento de relações entre o trabalho da tutoria realizado nos cursos de formação à distância e o trabalho da supervisão em âmbito escolar. Além da riqueza do material produzido, o estudo justificou-se ainda pelas inúmeras possibilidades de análise surgidas em função das vivências dos tutores e, especialmente, por tratar-se de um processo singular de formação de professores. A partir do problema e dos objetivos propostos, o trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e teve como suporte a pesquisa descritivo-interpretativa, realizada por meio da análise documental, dos questionários respondidos pelos tutores e de material constituído pela síntese elaborada de curso produzido pelos estudantes-professores. Do estudo foi possível constatar a existência de consistente formação de tutores e seu acompanhamento pela coordenação pedagógica do CNSMI, o que permitiu o desencadeamento de um processo de formação reflexiva de professores ainda pouco experienciado nos cursos de formação. Apesar dessas condições, o processo reflexivo aconteceu parcialmente e só foi possível nos casos em que os tutores, somando sua melhor formação anterior aos estudos com a coordenação pedagógica e a disposição em fazer acontecer, também praticaram a reflexão. A ação da tutoria permitiu a consciência por parte dos agentes quanto à necessidade da reflexão sobre a prática profissional e, ainda, da liderança e gestão desse processo na escola pelo trabalho da supervisão.
Dificuldades de aprendizagem dos alunos do ensino fundamental: intervenções do professor
Authors: Cruz Sônia Aparecida Belletti , Stefanini Maria Cristina Bergonzoni
Published: February 2021

A preocupação e o desconforto com o comportamento e o baixo desempenho de crianças com dificuldade de aprendizagem e a atuação de seus professores no cotidiano de sala de aula nos instigaram a realizar o presente estudo. Baseados nos princípios teóricos de Piaget e Vygotsky, buscamos conhecer, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, o que dizem os professores sobre a sua atuação para ajudar os alunos no enfrentamento das dificuldades de aprendizagem e como é a resposta do aluno após a ação do professor. Os sujeitos são oito professores de 1ª a 4ª séries de uma escola pública estadual da cidade de Araraquara-SP. Os resultados mostram que a intervenção dos professores pode ser classificada em estratégias pedagógicas e estratégias afetivas. Pedagogicamente, dizem utilizar atividades diferenciadas e encaminhar o aluno ao reforço escolar. Afetivamente, motivam e incentivamas crianças, através de conversas, elogios e advertências. Os alunos percebem a ação do professor e reagem de forma positiva, demonstrando entusiasmo na realização das atividades e carinho, presenteando o professor com seus feitos e aproximando-se fisicamente dele. Acreditamos que a concepção e a intervenção do professor sobre dificuldades de aprendizagem são resultado de como ele aprendeu a ensinar e de sua vivência no ambiente escolar no qual está inserido. Dessa forma, expressam a compreensão atual de sua estratégia docente.
A concepção sistêmica triádica do cérebro e o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da leitura e escrita
Authors: Nogueira Rosemeri Terezinha Hoffmann , Berger Maria Virgínia Bernardi
Published: February 2021

Este artigo trata de uma pesquisa-ação realizada na área da Língua Portuguesa, durante o ano de 2003. Teve por objetivo o letramento de uma turma de alunos de 5a. série do Ensino Fundamental, caracterizada por elevado índice de repetência e dificuldades de aprendizagem. As questões que orientaram o estudo foram: como conduzir o processo de ensino da leitura e escrita junto a alunos com histórico de fracasso escolar e estigmatizados socialmente? Como integrar no trabalho educativo os avanços da ciência do cérebro? Como adequar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem à estrutura e dinâmica de funcionamento do cérebro triúnico? Quais as estratégias didático-metodológicas mais adequadas para despertar o interesse, a participação e o aprendizado na sala de aula? Utilizou-se de uma metodologia de ensino fundamentada na concepção sistêmica triádica do cérebro e estratégias de intervenção adequadas às peculiaridades cognitivas, afetivas e comportamentais dos alunos. Os indicadores da pesquisa foram obtidos por meio de fichas individuais e produção escrita dos alunos, os quais analisados revelaram que houve mudança qualitativa na auto-imagem e avanços significativos na aprendizagem da leitura e escrita desse grupo de alunos. Tais resultados mostram o impacto positivo da metodologia sistêmica triádica e das estratégias alternativas de letramento para o trabalho educativo de alunos com histórico de fracasso escolar.
Jewish Studies and Jewish Ethics
Authors: Filler Emily
Published: February 2021

This essay considers the major arguments of Adam Zachary Newton’s Jewish Studies as Counterlife in light of the burgeoning subfield of Jewish ethics. Although in my view the book has a number of foundational flaws, I nevertheless see the book as contributing to a broader project in interdisciplinary critique and collaboration. Newton’s diagnosis–that the academic field of Jewish studies has a largely impoverished notion of interdisciplinarity–invites a more expansive idea of this academic work across different geographical regions, time periods, academic specialties, and institutional categories. I argue that this vision may be particularly relevant for the field of Jewish ethics, which employs multiple modes of reasoning in service of urgent contemporary ethical questions.
Low-Dose 3D Rotational Angiography in Measuring the Size of Intracranial Aneurysm: In Vitro Feasibility Study Using Aneurysm Phantom
Authors: Ki Hee Jong , Kim Bum-soo , Kim Jun-Ki , Choi Jai Ho , Shin Yong Sam , Choi Yangsean , Shin Na-Young , Jang Jinhee , Ahn Kook-jin
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) measurement of intracranial aneurysms is important in planning endovascular treatment, and 3D rotational angiography (RA) is effective in accurate measurement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of low dose 3D RA (5 seconds 0.10 μGy/frame) in measuring an intracranial aneurysm using an in vitro phantom.Materials and Methods: We investigated an in vitro 3D phantom of an intracranial aneurysm with 10 acquisitions of 3D RA with a conventional dose (5 seconds 0.36 μGy/frame) and 10 acquisitions with a low-dose (5 seconds 0.10 μGy/frame). 3D size and neck diameters of the aneurysm were measured and compared between the 2 groups (conventional and low-dose) using noninferiority statistics.Results: The aneurysm measurements were well-correlated between the 2 readers, and noninferiority in the measurement of aneurysmal size of low-dose 3D RA was demonstrated, as the upper margin of the 1-sided 97.5% confidence interval did not cross the pre-defined noninferiority margin of 0.2 mm by the 2 readers.Conclusion: Low-dose (5 seconds 0.10 μGy/frame) cerebral 3D RA is technically feasible and not inferior in in vitro 3D measurement of an intracranial aneurysm. Thus, low-dose 3D RA is promising and needs further evaluation for its clinical utility in the planning of endovascular treatment of an intracranial aneurysm.
Learning Management on Sexual Diversity in Social Studies through a Case Study on Identity Formation in LGBT Elderly
Authors: Nanthawong Nipitpon , Phuwanatwichit Thongchai , Mangkhang Charin , Sarobol Atchara
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research is to study learning management on sexual diversity in social studies through a case study on identity formation in the LGBT elderly. The sample included 12 LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) elderly people determined by the concept of age ranges or generations. This study is in the form of a qualitative study by using the methodology, autobiography, and storytelling of life history.

The results of the study revealed that these LGBT elderly people developed or formed LGBT identity at their early age before entering to acceptance of LGBT. Most of them were aware that they had a sexual identity different from general people since they were young. Some of them accepted such identity and express it right away whereas some tried to hide it since it was unacceptable in their living societies. Then they sought knowledge by themselves through direct experience and from other people with the same sexuality. However, these LGBT people thought that education should take the role to educate about LGBT to understand LGBT people as well as others. Regarding learning management, the focus should be on the target group of teenage students by emphasizing understanding and awareness of right, liberty, and equality in genders and societies.
Hungry bone syndrome: biochemical and clinical risk factors
Authors: Kozłowska Ewa , Ciepiela Olga
Published: February 2021

Primary hyperparathyroidismremains the first cause of hypercalcaemia. Parathyroid surgery is the most efficient treatment of primary
hyperparathyroidism, however surgery entails risk of development of a Hungry Bone Syndrome (HBS) – rapid, profound, and prolonged
hypocalcaemia. The risk factors of HBS are significantly elevated calcium and PTH concentration in plasma, large tumor mass, previously
diagnosed osteoporosis and age over 61 years old before surgery. Pre-surgery supplementation of vitamin D3 and long-term therapy
with bisphosphonate allows for more efficient control of hypocalcemia and bone metabolism after surgery.
The role of vitamin D in the body
Authors: Grafka Agnieszka , Łopucki Maciej , Kuna Jarosław , Kuna Anna , Pęksa Barbara
Published: February 2021

Vitamin D performs a lot of important functions in the body, and its deficiency is just as harmful as the excess. From its precious properties, we draw primarily in the summer while staying in the sun, while in other seasons you should take care of a appropriate diet and implement vitamin D supplementation. The proper level of vitamin D in the human body results in proper bone mineralization, regulates the endocrine function of the pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid gland and pituitary glands. It acts as an anti-proliferative factor of some tumor such as melanoma, breast, prostate, colon, and increases differentiation and inhibits apoptosis of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and skin melanocytes. It has an influence on the proper functioning of many systems and regulates the immune response.
Do anti-PZ antibodies and anticardiolipin antibodies work together? Comments on: High frequency of anti-protein Z antibodies in patients with anticardiolipin antibodies
Authors: Słomka Artur , Żekanowska Ewa
Published: February 2021

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Serum stability of sodium, potasium and chloride concentration
in special tubes containing separator and clotting activator
Authors: Kraszula Łukasz , Eusebio Makandjou-Ola , Pietruczuk Mirosława , Kuna Piotr
Published: February 2021

The sample stability information provided by the manufacturers is not always confirmed in practice. The electrolyte concentration is one of the most frequently requested laboratory tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride) concentration in sample collected in S-Monovette tubes containing clotting activator and a separator gel.
Material and methods. Determination of electrolyte concentration was performed immediately after centrifugation of samples and after 48 and 96 hours of samples storage. The examination was performed using biochemical analyzer AU 480 equipped in ion-selective electrodes (ISE) – indirect potentiometry.
Results. The analysis of the results was carried out in relation to normal and pathological values (low and high). There were no significant changes in the concentration of electrolytes examined after 48 and 96 hours of samples storage for normal and low– pathological values. Only in samples with hyperkalemia, the concentration of potassium exceeded the limit of allowable error after 96 hours of samples storage.
Conclusions: It is possible to determine sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations up to 96 hours from the collection of samples,
in the case of laboratory tests performed using primary samples, with a clotting activator and a separator gel. Only in specimens with
hyperkalemia, the potassium concentration can be determined up to 48 hours.