bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil salinity and yield of mango fertigated with potassium sources
Authors: Carneiro Marcio A. , Lima Augusto M. N. , Cavalcante Ítalo H. L. , Cunha Jailson C. , Rodrigues Marcos S. , Lessa Thiago B. da S.
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT Irrigated fruit crops have an important role in the economic and social aspects in the region of the Sub-middle São Francisco River Valley. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate soil salinity and the productive aspects of the mango crop, cv. Tommy Atkins, fertigated with doses of potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) during two crop cycles (from January to March 2014 and from January to March 2015). The experiment was carried out in a strip-split-plot design and five potassium doses (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended dose) as plots and two potassium sources (KCl and K2SO4) as subplots, with four replicates. Soil electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) contents and pH were evaluated. In addition, the number of commercial fruits and yield were determined. The fertilization with KCl resulted in higher soil EC compared with K2SO4 fertigation. Soil Na+ and K+ contents increased with increasing doses of fertilizers. K2SO4 was more efficient for the production per plant and yield than KCl. Thus, under the conditions of this study, the K2SO4 dose of 174.24 g plant-1 (24.89 kg ha-1 or 96.8% of recommendation, spacing of 10 x 7 m) was recommended for a yield of 23.1 t ha-1 of mango fruits, cv. Tommy Atkins.
Physical properties of safflower grains. Part I: Geometric and gravimetric characteristics
Authors: Martins Elton A. S. , Goneli André L. D. , Hartmann Filho Cesar P. , Mauad Munir , Siqueira Valdiney C. , Gonçalves Alexandre A.
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT Safflower is an oil crop and its oil can be used for food and industrial purposes. However, there is little information about the physical properties of these grains, which is important for the planning and execution of post-harvest stages. Thus, this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effect of drying on the main physical properties of safflower grains. Safflower grains were harvested with an initial moisture content of approximately 0.445 decimal d.b. (dry basis) and subjected to drying in an oven with forced air circulation at 40 °C, until the grains reached a final moisture content of 0.073 ± 0.008 decimal d.b. During the drying, bulk density and true density, porosity, thousand-grain mass, circularity, sphericity, projected and surface area, and surface-volume ratio were measured. Based on these results, it is concluded that all gravimetric and geometrical characteristics of safflower grains were reduced due to the reduction of moisture content, except for the surface-volume ratio.
An irrigation controller mechanically actuated by soil-water tension: I - Design, development and laboratory evaluations
Authors: Almeida Alexsandro C. S. , Botrel Tarlei A. , Raine Steven R. , Camargo Antonio P. de , Pinto Marinaldo F. , Salvador Conan A.
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an irrigation controller that was mechanically actuated by soil-water tension within laboratory conditions. The controller was designed and constructed using readily available hydraulic fittings and other componentry. The main components of the controller were a tensiometer; a rubber diaphragm that moves according to the variation in tension inside of the tensiometer; an activation rod that transfers the movement from diaphragm to the switch valve; and a steel spring that regulates the activation of soil water tension. Six irrigation controller samples were tested in the laboratory to evaluate the mechanical performance and component forces required to activate the controllers. The relationship between spring adjustment and soil water tension required to open the irrigation valve was linear with a gradient ranging from 1.10 to 1.41 kPa mm-1 and a coefficient of variation of 9.2%. However, differences observed in the activation of the soil water tension could also be reduced by individual controller calibration. The calibration of the soil water tension required to initiate irrigation was easily set by adjusting the spring. The proposed controller is functional, simple to use, can be easily adjusted, and does not require electricity to operate.
Nitrogen efficiency in oat yield through the biopolymer hydrogel
Authors: Scremin Osmar B. , Silva José A. G. da , Mamann Ângela T. W. de , Mantai Rubia D. , Brezolin Ana P. , Marolli Anderson
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT The retainers of water in the soil can favor nitrogen (N) use efficiency in oat yield. The aim of the study was to determine if the conditions of use of the biopolymer hydrogel increase the fertilizer-N use efficiency in oat yield in succession systems of high and low residual-N release. In each succession system (soybean/oat, corn/oat), two experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015, one to quantify biomass yield and the other to estimate grain yield and lodging. The design was randomized blocks with four replicates in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme for hydrogel doses (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1), added in the furrow with the seed, and N fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) applied in the fourth-expanded-leaf stage. The use of hydrogel increases N use efficiency in oat yield, especially under the conditions of 30 to 60 kg ha-1 of biopolymer; however, this effect is dependent on the succession system and on weather conditions.
Urea coated with poultry litter as an option in the control of nitrogen losses
Authors: Dall’Orsoletta Daniel J. , Rauber Luiz P. , Schmitt Djalma E. , Gatiboni Luciano C. , Orsolin Jhonatan
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT The volatilization of ammonia (NH3) and nitrate leaching (NH3-) are the main processes of nitrogen (N) loss in the soil. The objective of the study was to evaluate N losses by NH3 volatilization and mineral N transformations in the soil with urea coated with poultry litter (urea + litter) compared with other sources of N, under two moisture conditions. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment with a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement with four replicates, five N sources (urea, SuperN®, Kimcoat®, urea + litter and control without fertilizer) and two moisture contents [80 and 100% of field capacity (FC)]. The total volatilized NH3 did not differ between the sources, regardless of the soil moisture condition, ranging from 10.8 to 13.2% of the total N applied. The transformation of NH4+ into NH3- did not vary between the sources, except for the control, but it differed between soil moisture contents, with equilibrium estimated at 31 and 38 days, in the treatments with 80 and 100% FC, respectively. The urea + litter has N losses by NH3 volatilization and speed of transformation of the soil mineral N similar to those of the other sources, and can be used to substitute them.
Growth and yield of colored-fiber cotton grown under salt stress and nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Lima Geovani S. de , Dias Adaan S. , Soares Lauriane A. dos A. , Gheyi Hans R. , Nobre Reginaldo G. , Souza Leandro de P.
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT This research was conducted in order to evaluate the growth and production of colored-fiber cotton, cv. ‘BRS Rubi’, irrigated with water of different salinities and nitrogen (N) doses. The experiment was carried out in drainage lysimeters filled with soil material from an eutrophic Regolithic Neosol with sandy-loam texture under greenhouse conditions in Campina Grande, PB. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design and the treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation water salinity with the following electrical conductivities - ECw (5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1 and 9.1 dS m-1), combined with five N doses - ND (65; 100; 135; 170; 205 mg of N kg-1 of soil), distributed in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme with three replicates. The growth of the cotton cv. ‘BRS Rubi’ was negatively affected by irrigation with saline water, and the leaf area was the most sensitive variable; the highest production of seed cotton and number of bolls per plant were obtained using water of 5.1 dS m-1 and N dose of 170 mg kg-1.
Fungos e aflatoxinas no arroz: ocorrência e significado na saúde do consumidor
Authors: Katsurayama Aline Machado , Taniwaki Marta Hiromi
Published: May 2017

Resumo O arroz é um dos cereais mais consumidos no Brasil e no mundo. Devido ao grande impacto do consumo de arroz na população, estudos sobre a qualidade deste produto são de grande importância. É um ótimo substrato para a produção de micotoxinas e, quando os fungos toxigênicos encontram condições de crescer e produzir toxinas, estes as produzem em grandes quantidades. Embora não seja comum a presença de micotoxinas, existem alguns relatos sobre a ocorrência de aflatoxinas e fungos aflatoxigênicos no arroz. O presente artigo é uma revisão sobre os aspectos gerais do arroz, sua produção, ocorrência de fungos, aflatoxinas e micotoxinas no Brasil e no mundo, bem como sobre a redução de aflatoxinas durante o processamento do arroz.
Qualidade de pitaia (Hylocereus undatus) submetida à adubação orgânica e armazenada sob refrigeração
Authors: Duarte Mariene Helena , Queiroz Estela de Rezende , Rocha Denise Alvarenga , Costa Ana Cláudia , Abreu Celeste Maria Patto de
Published: May 2017

Resumo Neste trabalho, foi investigado o efeito da adubação orgânica, associada à refrigeração, na qualidade de pitaias vermelhas. As plantas foram adubadas, durante 4 anos, a cada três meses, conforme os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha (sem adubação) (T1); esterco bovino (14 kg/planta) (T2); esterco de galinha (2 kg/planta) (T3) e esterco de galinha (2 kg/planta) + esterco bovino (14 kg/planta) (T4). Os frutos foram armazenados por 21 dias a 13 °C e avaliados, nos dias 0, 7, 14 e 21, quanto à perda de massa fresca, cor, firmeza, acidez total titulável (AT), pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), SST/AT, açúcares totais, redutores e não redutores. Os resultados mostraram que, durante o armazenamento refrigerado da pitaia, os tratamentos de adubação orgânica interferiram nos parâmetros de qualidade avaliados, atenuando a perda de qualidade de frutos. Destaca-se que a adubação com esterco de bovino associada ao esterco de galinha foi mais eficaz que as demais adubações orgânicas e resultaram em frutos com menores perdas de qualidade durante o armazenamento.
Efeito do processamento industrial na qualidade e na segurança de salgados prontos para comer
Authors: Albuquerque Tânia Gonçalves , Silva Mafalda Alexandra , Oliveira Maria Beatriz Prior Pinto , Costa Helena Soares
Published: May 2017

Resumo O estilo de vida das famílias tem sofrido alterações profundas, traduzindo-se, entre outros fatores, na redução do tempo para preparação das refeições. Pelo referido, as vendas de alimentos confeccionados, caso dos salgados, têm tido um crescimento contínuo. Este trabalho de investigação teve como objetivos: (1) determinar os teores de sal, gordura total e o perfil em ácidos graxos de salgados prontos para comer; (2) correlacionar os diversos componentes analisados; (3) analisar a evolução da composição dos salgados com base na comparação com os valores da literatura, e (4) estimar os benefícios/riscos para a saúde da população, tendo por base as recomendações de referência. Foram avaliados, em 2015, 12 tipos de salgados prontos para comer. O teor de gordura total foi determinado pelo método de hidrólise ácida, seguido de extração em Soxhlet, com éter de petróleo. O teor de sal foi determinado utilizando-se o método de Charpentier-Volhard. Para o perfil de ácidos graxos, utilizou-se um método de cromatografia gasosa com detecção por ionização em chama. O teor de gordura variou entre 9,14 g/100 g (pataniscas de bacalhau) e 28,9 g/100 g (chamuças de carne). O teor de sal mais elevado foi de 2,13 g/100 g (croquetes de carne). No entanto, uma unidade de empada de requeijão pode contribuir com 45% da ingestão diária de sal recomendada. Os ácidos graxos majoritários, em 58% das amostras analisadas, eram poli-insaturados, e os seus teores variaram entre 3,54 g/100 g (empadas de galinha) e 15,5 g/100 g (chamuças de carne). Todas as amostras analisadas tinham teores de ácidos graxos trans inferiores a 2% do teor de gordura total. De uma forma geral, os salgados prontos para comer analisados tinham teores elevados de gordura e de sal, devendo, por isso, o seu consumo ser moderado. No entanto, na maior parte das amostras, o teor de ácidos graxos insaturados era superior aos saturados. No que se refere aos teores de ácidos graxos trans, estes alimentos podem ser considerados seguros.
Sobre o protagonismo na linguagem escrita e novos modos de interação
Authors: Correa Djane Antonucci
Published: May 2017

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar o protagonismo da linguagem escrita a partir da retomada de estudos anteriores, (CORREA, 2009; 2011a) e também (CORREA, 2014). Para tanto, inicialmente, trago discussões sobre o conceito de língua e, em um segundo momento, trago algumas reflexões sobre agência e agenciamento. Em seguida, retomo estudos anteriores sobre a linguagem escrita para abordá-la numa visão pragmática. Por fim, trago dois exemplos para estabelecer conexões entre o pensamento hegemônico acerca da escrita em contraponto à visão descolonizada de escrita, de modo que concluo chamando a atenção para a necessidade de descolonizar o intelecto.
Sensibilidade e especificidade da Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas Revisada na identificação do transtorno fonológico
Authors: Barrozo Tatiane Faria , Pagan-Neves Luciana de Oliveira , Pinheiro da Silva Joyce , Wertzner Haydée Fiszbein
Published: May 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a sensibilidade, especificidade e estabelecer pontos de corte para o índice Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas Revisado (PCC-R) em crianças com e sem transtorno fonológico falantes do Português Brasileiro. Método Participaram 72 crianças com idade entre 5:00 e 7:11 anos, sendo 36 sem queixas de alteração de fala e linguagem e 36 crianças com diagnóstico fonoaudiológico de transtorno fonológico. O índice de gravidade PCC-R foi aplicado nas provas de nomeação de figuras e de imitação de palavras do Teste de Linguagem Infantil ABFW. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente. Foi realizada a curva Roc e obtidos os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade do índice. Resultados O grupo de crianças sem transtorno fonológico apresentou valores do PCC-R maiores nas duas provas, independentemente do gênero dos participantes. O valor de corte na prova de nomeação de figuras foi de 93,4%, com sensibilidade de 0,89 e especificidade de 0,94, independentemente da idade. Já na prova de imitação de palavras, os valores obtidos variaram de acordo com a idade. Para a faixa etária ≤6:5 anos, o valor de corte foi de 91,0%, com sensibilidade de 0,77 e especificidade de 0,94. Para a faixa etária >6:5 anos, o valor de corte foi de 93,9%, com sensibilidade de 0,93 e especificidade de 0,94. Conclusão Dada a alta sensibilidade e especificidade do PCC-R, o índice foi efetivo na discriminação e identificação de crianças com e sem transtorno fonológico.
Percepção de familiares de crianças e adolescentes com alteração de linguagem utilizando a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF-CJ)
Authors: Ostroschi Daniele Theodoro , Zanolli Maria de Lurdes , Chun Regina Yu Shon
Published: May 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a percepção de familiares acerca das condições linguísticas e da participação social de crianças e adolescentes com alterações de fala/linguagem utilizando a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde – Versão Crianças e Jovens (CIF-CJ). Método Pesquisa de abordagem quali-quantitativa, na qual se realizou levantamento dos prontuários de 24 crianças/adolescentes, em acompanhamento fonoaudiológico, e entrevistas com seus familiares. Foi feita análise descritiva dos perfis dos participantes e categorização das respostas, utilizando a CIF-CJ. Resultados Todos os familiares abordaram diversos aspectos de fala/linguagem categorizados pela CIF-CJ. Inicialmente, trataram-nos como um problema orgânico, categorizado no componente de Funções e Estruturas do Corpo. A maioria referiu diferentes repercussões das alterações de fala/linguagem em domínios, como, lidar com estresse e atividade do falar, qualificados de leve a grave. Os participantes relataram Fatores Ambientais categorizados como facilitadores, em atitudes da família imediata, e como barreiras, em atitudes sociais. Conclusão Os achados, utilizando-se a CIF-CJ, evidenciam que as alterações de fala/linguagem das crianças e adolescentes, na percepção dos familiares, são compreendidas, inicialmente, na dimensão do corpo. Contudo, pautados numa abordagem mais ampla de saúde, os achados, em Atividades e Participação e Fatores Ambientais, demonstram ampliação do olhar dos participantes quanto às alterações de fala e linguagem. Os resultados reiteram a importância do uso da CIF-CJ como instrumento de análise na atenção à saúde, ao incorporar aspectos de funcionalidade e participação, proporcionando subsídios para a construção de projetos terapêuticos singulares, em uma abordagem mais ampla de saúde do grupo estudado.
Estudo Transversal das Necropsias de Intoxicação Exógena do Instituto Médico-Legal de Belo Horizonte no Período 2006-2012
Authors: Polyanna Helena Coelho Bordoni  , Anna Laura Marques Nascentes  , Laura Junqueira Caixeta  , Laura Silva Reis  , Luis Felipe Reis Luiz  , Luiza Pires Bretas Gomes  , Leonardo Santos Bordoni
Published: May 2017

A intoxicação exógena pode ser definida como as manifestações clínicas resultantes da interação de uma substância química com um organismo vivo. Por ser uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade é considerada um problema de saúde pública. A fim de analisar a prevalência da intoxicação exógena nas necropsias do Instituto Médico-Legal de Belo Horizonte, foi realizado um estudo transversal dos laudos do período de 2006 a 2012. Foram estudados 447 laudos cuja causa da morte foi intoxicação exógena. A maioria eram homens, com a maior concentração de casos entre 40 e 49 anos. Predominaram os morenos/negros e solteiros. A maioria era ativa do ponto de vista ocupacional e em ocupação que não exigia curso superior para seu exercício. A pesquisa de teor alcoólico foi negativa na maioria dos casos. A pesquisa toxicológica foi positiva em 89,4% das necropsias, predominando os praguicidas, em especial os carbamatos. A circunstância de morte mais prevalente foi o suicídio e a maioria dos necropsiados não foi submetida a procedimentos médicos previamente ao óbito. O estudo possibilitou traçar o perfil dos óbitos relacionados à intoxicação exógena em uma área regionalmente localizada, o que poderá ser útil na elaboração de estratégias de prevenção mais específicas e eficazes.
Gesondheidsorg vir Kinders: Voldoen Suid-Afrikaanse Wetgewing Aan die Land se Verpligtinge Ingevolge die Konvensie Oor die Regte van die Kind en die Grondwet?
Authors: Büchner-Eveleigh Mariana , Nienaber Annelize
Published: May 2017

Included in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 (UN Children's Convention) is the right of children to the highest attainable standard of health. In terms of article 4 of the UN Children's Convention, in implementing the UN Children's Convention state parties must "undertake all appropriate legislative, administrative, and other measures for the implementation of the rights recognised in the present Convention". South Africa showed its commitment to protecting and promoting children's health when it ratified the UN Children's Convention and subsequently adopted the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, which includes provisions guaranteeing the health rights of children. South Africa also showed commitment to giving legislative effect to the protection and promotion of children's health by promulgating the National Health Act 61 of 2003, the Children's Act 38 of 2005 and the Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002. The article evaluates existing policy and legislation affecting child health in order to assess how well South African legislation addresses the issue of children's healthcare rights and whether or not it complies with its international law and constitutional obligations in this regard. The article concludes that although much legislation exists, none provides comprehensively for children's healthcare rights, and there are many gaps in existing legislation. Most importantly, there is no reference to the core minimum requirements for the state in providing for the health of children, particularly in the way of healthcare services and nutrition. Further, there is a complete lack of legislation which protects the health needs of children with disabilities. In order to ensure that the health rights of children are protected and promoted, we propose more comprehensive legislative protection.
"Child Divorce": A Break from Parental Responsibilities and Rights Due to the Traditional Socio-Cultural Practices and Beliefs of the Parents
Authors: Bekink Mildred
Published: May 2017

In a recent ground-breaking case the South African courts were for the first time requested to use their discretion to interfere in the parent-child relationship due to the traditional socio-cultural beliefs of the parents. In what has been described as "every parent's nightmare; the fancy of many teenagers", a 16 year-old schoolgirl from Milerton in the Western Cape asked to be "freed" from her parents to live semi-independently from them because of her unhappiness with the conservative manner in which her parents treated her. After considering the matter the judge assigned to the case granted her request to live semi-independently with a school friend and her family (called by the judge the host family) until she reaches the age of 18 (her majority). Her parents were accorded permission to have limited contact with her. This case represents an example of the difficulties involved when balancing the rights of a teenager against those of the parents in matters of socio-cultural practice and belief. In a multi-cultural society such as South Africa the case raises numerous serious questions for other families. For instance, what standards will a court use to determine if parents are too conservative in bringing up their children and what factors will be taken into account? How much freedom and autonomy should children be given? How will courts prevent children from misusing the system just to get what their friends have, and - the ultimate question - are the rights of children superior to the traditional rights of parents in matters of socio-cultural practice, with specific reference to their upbringing?

 

In this context it is the aim of this contribution to focus primarily on the questions asked above. Possible solutions for striking a balance between the rights of children and their parents are explored. The submission is made that the best interests principle is still the most important factor to be taken into account when balancing or weighing competing rights and interests concerning children. The principle of the best interests of the child, the founding principle of children's rights, however, is anchored in the family, and any break between the two should be carefully considered. It is concluded that in an attempt to resolve disputes between parents and their children the relevant provisions of the Constitution and the Children's Act must be considered and must be balanced and tested in relation to each other for constitutional consistency and compliance. It is also submitted that caution should be taken by the legislative framework not to encourage children to break the parent-child relationship on a mere whim, as an overemphasis of children's rights might result in the dilution of the sense of the value of the family in society.
The Impact of SADC Social Protection Instruments on the Setting Up of a Minimum Social Protection Floor in Southern African Countries
Authors: Nyenti Mathias , Mpedi Letholkwa George
Published: May 2017

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) was formed to promote the political, economic and social wellbeing of the region. Some of the social objectives of the SADC are the promotion of social development and the alleviation of poverty, the enhancement of the quality of life of the peoples of Southern Africa, and the provision of support to the socially disadvantaged. In order to achieve these objectives, SADC member states have concluded a Treaty and various social protection-related instruments which aim to ensure that everyone in the region is provided with basic minimum social protection. Although the formation of the SADC (and the conclusion of some of its social protection-related instruments) preceded both the minimum social protection floor concept and the Social Protection Floor Initiative, the Treaty and instruments can be seen as complying with the requirements of both the concept and the initiative within the region. This article analyses the extent to which the SADC social protection-related instruments fulfil a minimum social floor function at the SADC regional level. The positive and negative aspects of the SADC Treaty and social protection-related instruments in this regard are evaluated. In addition, the article reviews the impact of the SADC social protection-related instruments in the setting up of social protection programmes aimed at ensuring a minimum social protection floor in some of the SADC countries. The successes of such country initiatives and the challenges faced are discussed. This is then followed by some concluding observations.
South Africa – Safe Haven for Human Traffickers? Employing the Arsenal of Existing Law to Combat Human Trafficking
Authors: Kruger Hester B , Oosthuizen Hennie
Published: May 2017

Having ratified the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, South Africa is obliged to adopt legislative measures that criminalise human trafficking and comply with other standards laid down in this international instrument. However, by mid-2011, South Africa had not enacted the required comprehensive counter-trafficking legislation. The question that now arises is if the absence of such anti-trafficking legislation poses an insurmountable obstacle to the prosecution of traffickers for trafficking-related activities. In asking this question the article examines the utilisation of existing crimes in order to prosecute and punish criminal activities committed during the human trafficking process. Firstly, a selection of existing common law and statutory crimes that may often be applicable to trafficking-related activities is mapped out. Secondly, transitional trafficking provisions in the Children's Act 38 of 2005 and the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007 are discussed. Finally, since the Prevention and Combating of Trafficking in Persons Bill B7 of 2010 will in all probability be enacted in the near future, the use of other criminal law provisions in human trafficking prosecutions, even after the passing of this bill into law, is reflected upon.
Constructing Worlds: Reflections on Science, Technology and Democracy (and a Plea for Bold Modesty)
Authors: Bijker Wiebe
Published: May 2017

Can STS offer a response to “alternative facts” without falling back into naive positivism? Can STS help to make science accountable to society and make it work—make it function in our democracies and let it produce scientific knowledge? In his valedictory lecture, Wiebe Bijker looks back upon three decades of STS research in general, and upon engaging STS with questions of democratization and development in particular. He starts from the question how to study technological cultures and ends with the question how to construct them. The argument moves from the social construction of technology to constructing socio-technical worlds. Finally, when trying to understand this construction work, the analysis zooms in on the constructing worlds: on the institutions in which this construction work takes place.
EVIDENCE OF ORAL HISTORY ON HISTORICAL STUDIES IN THE BEGINNING OF REZEKNE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Čakša Valda
Published: May 2017

The article summarizes the information obtained in the 1990s periodicals on the necessity to found a higher education institution in Rezekne and in this context analyses the narratives of readers and graduates of historical studies kept in the Oral History Archive of Rezekne Academy Technology (RAT), paying the greatest attention to the description of the study process, as well as the reflection of the students and university lecturers. Theoretical framework of the research consists of the theoretical insights of Paul Thomson (2000) and Alessandro Portelli (1991) that the oral history provides an opportunity to extend and even change the content of the history aimed at making it democratic and more personal. The publication is executed as a thematically descriptive account of qualitative analysis of content of the press articles and interviews. In the course of its elaboration the author concluded that the analyzed narratives, indirectly confirming the historical developments of the Third Awakening, inform about the participants of the process of historical studies in the new higher education institution in Latgale region, while themes of the press publications allows tracing down the awareness of society about the foundation of the higher education institution and the beginning of its operation. The results of the research prove that the community spirit and the emotional uplift, typical of society during the final stage of awakening is present in the individual experience of the readers and graduates, who were the participants of the initial stage of historical studies in the Rezekne Higher Education Institution, both as a context and stimulus for a purposeful cooperation and interaction.
LIFELONG EDUCATION RELATED ISSUES OF DANCE GROUP LEADERS WITHIN THE AMATEUR MOVEMENT IN LATVIA
Authors: Spalva Rita
Published: May 2017

As a country with a relatively small population (approximately 2 million), Latvia can take pride in the number of people who are practicing folk dance at amateur level. Based on 2015 information provided by the Latvian National Centre for Culture, this amateur movement counts 603 dance groups (over 12 000 dancers) and accordingly 417 dance group leaders. The main goal of dance group activities is to sustain the idea of national consciousness through the means of folk dance, which is a meaningful factor in the strengthening of national identity to progress to a modern and national country. The National Song and Dance Festival, which takes place every five years in Latvia and which is one of the UNESCO Masterpieces of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, is a significant tool for maintaining a national cultural environment within amateur dance. The festival combines artistic, national social and other functions of significance to social development.

All above-mentioned conditions determined the research problem – how to develop dance group leader lifelong education programmes more successfully, in order for these to purposefully integrate participants of various levels of professionalism. The research aim is to analyse existing lifelong education contents available to dance group leaders, along with the challenges and risks they pose. The study predominantly makes use of empirical methods – lifelong education programme participant surveys and their analysis; analysis of the artistic performance of dance groups.
THE FORMATION OF THE SOCIAL GROUP OF ACTORS IN LATVIA
Authors: Strads Gatis
Published: May 2017

Theatre is one of the oldest forms of art due to its close nature to the life of people. Deriving from the point of epistemology, ontology and didactics, theatre poses its eternality... The most important concepts for the solution of social problems in education are individualization and socialization, individual activity of a personality and the interrelationship in a group, that has always been facilitated by culture, especially theatre performance.

By analysing Latvian actors as a separate social group it is possible to trace its development process. The personality of actors in society opens up as its psychological and artistic activity. In order to carry out the analysis of social category, there is a need to analyse actor’s social relations. The activity of actors forms in its social group the cognitive image, that is socially relevant and which affects spectators. Theatre is the environment in which the actor lives and implements his/her social activity. Our theatre in the countryside is one of the strongest cognitive enlighteners, developers, and facilitators.

The aim of the article is to provide the analysis of documents that give the insight into theatre companies and the formation of actors as a separate social group. The article also deals with the problems of modern theatre companies, and the ways how theatre companies have been developed.

Research methods. Theoretical research methods include monographies, the analysis of research articles, the investigation of archive materials related to actors as a social group.
POSSIBILITY OF THE USAGE OF THE VISUAL RESEARCH METHODS WITHIN THE DESIGN EDUCATION
Authors: Irbite Andra , Strode Aina
Published: May 2017

Young people are forming and will form the environment of today and tomorrow. This reinforces the necessity of the young generation’s active involvement in the promotion of positive change. This approach cannot be otherwise as systemic and impossible without research and data analysis. Visual research methods, which are self-evident in design and art, are widely used in a number of other disciplines. To achieve an objective and reliable results, they often are combined with quantitative, analytic, generative and other methods. The aim of the paper - to discuss the ways of visual research methods' use in combination with systemic design thinking approach in finding new solutions in promotion of strategies for environmental and social change. Research methods – analysis of literature and case study. The results of the research show that images can be used to document the reality and can help students in the intellectual formation of concepts and strategies.
HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION USING BUSINESS SIMULATION MODELS
Authors: Skunčikienė Solveiga , Rakickas Andrius
Published: May 2017

The subject of the analysis in this paper is human capital formation at the individual level, applying business simulation models as a learning tool that meets requirements of the modern learning process that should include and link personal experience, encourage thinking, acquisition of new knowledge, formation of new experience and its application in analysing practical situations.

The subject of the research paper: human capital formation using business simulation model.

The aim of the research - to analyze the application possibilities of business simulation models for the human capital formation.

To achieve the aim of the research the following tasks were set: to disclose the concept of business simulation model; to validate the applicability of business simulation models for human capital formation on the basis of empirical research.

The subject of the analysis in this paper is human capital formation at the individual level, applying business simulation models as a learning tool that meets requirements of the modern learning process that should include and link personal experience, encourage thinking, acquisition of new knowledge, formation of new experience and its application in analysing practical situations.

Research methods: analysis of scientific literature using operations of analysis and synthesis, comparison and systematization, questionnaire survey, and the following methods of statistical data analysis.
STATE FISCAL SPACE RESEARCH FORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Žubule Ērika , Puzule Anita
Published: May 2017

The scientific objective of the research is to carry out the country's fiscal space for the study of public finance policy affects the context of sustainable development.

The selection and topicality of the research issue is justified by the fact that each country's sustainable development is affected by the government's policies. One of its main components is fiscal or budgetary policy. Traditionally, it is defined as the money required for setting revenue and expenditure policy that is needed to ensure the government operation, but the economic interpretation says it is the economy regulation system through taxes and government spending. It is emphasized that it is closely linked with the state's role in the redistribution of society profits, determining the state budget's proportion in the gross domestic product, defining objectives for the common tax burden, budgetary expenditure, allowable deficit, volume, and structure of the government debt.

In addition, the concept of “fiscal space” correlating with application of the fiscal policy measures becomes topical.

Thus, the government is able to influence income of both the society generally and certain groups of residents, their purchasing power and impact on economic development in general. It defines the need of concept fiscal space.
PROPER BREATHING IMPORTANCE IN CLASSICAL AND MODERN DANCE TRAINING
Authors: Vītola Sandra
Published: May 2017

Based on the theoretical ideas of scholars in the field of dance, the article analyses the significance of correct breathing and its usage in movement performance in classical and modern dance acquisition.

The most important condition for dancers is the daily workout, which develops an understanding of basic components of movements, one of the most significant being correct breathing. Application of correct breathing facilitates a comprehension among dancers of the possibilities of the body – the amplitude and quality of performed movements, as well as the ability to control the strength necessary for movement performance.

This article aims to analyse the meaning of correct breathing and to justify its use among dancers acquiring classical and modern dance.

The article makes use of the theoretical research method – characterising differences between classical and modern dance acquisition, analysing breathing and its correct usage during a dance performance.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PORTS
Authors: Blohins Viktors
Published: May 2017

Globalization and the growth of world trade force ports to change accordingly to changing market conditions. Ship sizes grow rapidly, so ports should deepen the harbour, modify port equipment and train personnel. In other worlds – ports have to be ready to react. The challenge of finding the vectors of development in those changing conditions is a crucial fact.

In the paper, the author analyses the extent of the research work done in the sphere of competitiveness of ports and deals with the main factors influencing the position of ports in the world market. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to highlight the major factors affecting the port competitiveness. The main research method is the theoretical research. The analysis is based on the research carried out by scientists in the field of competitiveness of ports.

As a result, three main factors were identified and described. The most important factor affecting the competitiveness of the port is the development of port hinterlands. Development initiatives of these territories and the relations between them should be laid down in each port’s development plan. Remaining factors are regular shipping lines existence and value added services in ports. Other factors that influence the overall port position on the market are also being reviewed.
A POLYPHONIC DICTATION AS A FORM OF WORK ON HARMONIOUS HEARING
Authors: Zavadska Galina , Bagele Ilona
Published: May 2017

Harmonious hearing is one kind of musical hearing that manifests itself in relation to a simultaneous sounding of consonances (a complex of sounds of different pitch) and mutual relationships between consonances.

A polyphonic music dictation is one of the most important and complicated forms of work for the development of harmonious hearing during sol-fa classes at a higher education establishment. The skill of remembering a polyphonic dictation and quickly fixing the heard music involves an organic combination of listening to separate sounds and to the harmonious vertical of sounds, as well as their functional interaction, which promotes the development of musical thinking in general.

The given research is concerned with the comparison of the methodological recommendations for fixing polyphonic dictations, as well as with working out the algorithm of the polyphonic dictation notation.

Research aim: to study the principles of a polyphonic dictation and specificity of its notation.

Work on a polyphonic dictation implies an organic combination of hearing separate voices and the harmonious vertical, comprehending each moment of sounding and their functional-logical interconnection.
Amino Acid, Fatty Acid, and Mineral Content of Marine Worm From South East Sulawesi
Authors: Nurhikma Nurhikma , Nurhayati Tati , Purwaningsih Sri
Published: May 2017

The coastal communities of Kendari believe that sea worm as traditional drug can cure a wound, because some chemical compounds that exist in sea worms are suspected to have the compound. The aims of this study were to determine chemical compound, amino acid, fatty acid content, and mineral of flesh
sea worm (Siphonosoma australe-australe) from Toronipa Aquatic Province Sulawesi Southeast. The higest essential amino acid content on fresh sea worm was arginin  (3.04%), and freeze dry was 5.52%. The higest non-essential amino acid content on fresh sea worm and freeze dry were glutamic acid 6.53% and 8.53% for
product resulted by freeze dry. The higest saturated attyacid (SF) content of fresh sea worm and freeze dry were palmatic acid (1.96% and 2.64%). The higest MUFA  fatty acid content of fresh sea worm and  freeze dry were plamitoleat acid 0.31% and 0.27%. The higest poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of fresh sea worm and freeze dry were were aracidonat 2.80% and oleat acid 1.97%. The higest mineral content of wet sea worm and frezee dry were Natrium 43,700 mg/kg and 127,334 mg/kg.
Sardine Fish Oil By Sentrifugation and Adsorbent for Emulsion
Authors: Haryati Kristina , Suseno Sugeng Heri , Nurjanah Nurjanah
Published: May 2017

Sardine fish meal by-product contain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) and it can be made as emulsion. The purpose of this study were to determine the best fish oil emulsion by mixing
the oil phase (lecithin 3% and oil) and water phase (carboxymethyl cellulose/CMC 2% and fruit juice) and then stored until creaming, and the emulsion is analyzed their viscosity, pH, percent of stability and long
separation. Sardine oil is separated from the emulsion and tested oxidation parameters. The best emulsion was fish oil emulsion after refined without citric acid (RTS) with viscosity (2470.31 cP), pH (5.64), percent of stability (56.14%) and long separation (14 days). Primary and secondary oxidation parameters of RTS  were FFA (14.87%), PV (14.43 meq/kg), AV (32.57 meq KOH/g), AnV (17.3 meq/kg), and Totox (46.16 meq/kg).
Fortification of Sardine Fish Oil from By-product of Canning Processing into Beef Meatball and Chicken Nugget
Authors: Estiasih Teti , Trowulan Endang , Rukmi Widya Dwi
Published: May 2017

One source of ω-3 fatty acids is a by-product of lemuru canning processing that can be used for fortification.  Generally, fortification uses fish oil microcapsule but it is more expensive than direct fortification.  In this study, fish oil from a by-product of lemuru canning processing was directly fortified into beef meatball and chicken nugget at concentration of 0, 2, 4, and 6% (w/w).  Oxidation level, free fatty acid content, colour, lightness, texture, and sensory acceptance by triangle difference test were analyzed. The results showed that oxidation level of nugget was higher than meatball.  Free fatty acid content increased in nugget by increasing fortification level, but it was decrease in meatball. Texture of both was relatively unchanged, with a tendency to increase in nugget and decrease in meatball. Lightness (L) of meatball surface was higher than nugget surface. Lightness did not significantly change by increasing fortification level. Redness (+a) and yellowness (+b) of meatball and nugget changed significantly by fortification. Difference test showed that fortification level of 2% was the highest level of fortification that taste and odor could not be distinguished with control by panelists. Best level of fish oil fortification was 2%. At 2% fortification, EPA was 2.85% for meatball, and 2.22% for nugget.  Sharp decline was occured in EPA and the decrease was
higher in nugget than meatball.
Preclinical HbA1c level studies of makaradhwaja and siddha makaradhwaja after chronic administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Sarker Arjyabrata , Biswas Kushal , Chowdhury Manjurul I. , Khan Farzana , Sultana Taposhi , Afrin Farjana , Uddin Md. Afaz , Islam Md. Al Foyjul , Choudhuri M.S.K.
Published: May 2017

Background: Makaradhwaja (MD) and Siddha Makaradhwaja (SMD) are Ayurvedic preparations used as traditional medicines for different clinical indications in the rural population. Principle purpose of using MD is controlling hypotension and while SMD is useful in peripheral circulatory failure treatment. In this study we evaluate the influence of these preparations on HbA1c (%) level.Methods: To find out the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged period of time, MD and SMD were administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 40 mg/kg. After 28 days of chronic administration of MD and SMD the following changes were noted and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was determined.Results: The results of the study of in vitro quantitative determination of rat HbA1c concentrations in serum studies, MD demonstrated a negligible (0.61%) decrease in the HbA1c level of the blood of the male rat (p=0.902). Whereas SMD demonstrated a negligible (1.83%) increase in the HbA1c level of the blood of the male rat (p=0.782).Conclusions: Between these preparation MD slightly decreases HbA1c level of the blood of the male rat, whereas SMD found in increasing HbA1c level of the blood of the male rat.
Antibiotic sensitivity pattern to urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: S. Shanmugapriya , T. Saravanan , K. Janani
Published: May 2017

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial illnesses and hence one of the most important indications for antibiotic treatment. Current knowledge of the common organisms implicated in causing UTI in the local community and surveillance to monitor the changes in susceptibility of uropathogens are imperative to ensure appropriate therapy. The study objectives were to assess the proportion of UTI caused by each of the common urinary pathogens, to study the antibiotic drug sensitivity patterns by analyzing the culture and sensitivity reports and to identify the drugs which would be potentially favourable candidates for empirical therapy in the study locale.Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study was done by collecting the data from case records of patients who attended OPD or were admitted with diagnosis of UTI during the study period.Results: Escherichia coli was the single most important cause of UTI, accounting for 70% of the infection among the studied subjects, amongst which 55% was extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms. A pattern of increased susceptibility to higher antibiotics like ertapenem, tigecycline and decreased sensitivity to fluroquinolones was evident. In addition, nitrofurantoin was found to be one of the antibiotics to which most of the organisms were susceptible (85%) favouring its use in empirical therapy of UTI.Conclusions: The pattern of accentuated susceptibility to higher antibiotics in the face of declining trend in the sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics necessitates promoting awareness on the need for rational prescribing of antibiotics among clinicians.