bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chloramination and Bromamination of Amino Acids
Authors: Simon Virginie , Berne Florence , Gallard Hervé
Published: September 2015

Monochloramine can be used instead of chlorine for disinfection of drinking water because monochloramine is more stable and produces less DBPs. Monochloramine can be formed also within swimming pools from the reaction of chlorine with ammonia. In the presence of bromide, other haloamines are produced such as bromochloramine and bromamines whose reactivity is even less known than for monochloramine. Haloamines can react with organic compounds and generate disinfection by-products like trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Unlike chlorine, few data are available on the chemistry of reactions between mineral haloamines and organic compounds. The aim of this study is to better understand the reactivity of haloamines with organic compounds by studying by-product formation from organic model molecules. Amino acids were chosen as model compounds because only scattered data are available in literature. The rate constants of the initial reaction of 12 amino acids with monochloramine at pH 8 and with monobromamine at pH 8.5 were determined in excess amino acid by using a continuous flow reactor and spectrophotometric determination of haloamines and the N-haloamino acids. Rate constants varied from 0.74 M−1 s−1 for alanine to 2.13 M−1 s−1 for histidine for chloramination experiments and from 132 M−1 s−1 for alanine to 704 M−1 s−1 for serine for bromamination experiments. Bromamination kinetic rate constants are 400 fold higher than chloramination rate constants. The formation potentials of trihalomethanes (THMs), and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were evaluated for a reaction time of 72 hours, a haloamine/amino acid ratio of 20 at pH 8 in phosphate buffer in the presence of monochloramine and bromochloramine, and at pH 8.5 in borate buffer in the presence of monobromamine. The formation potential of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids were respectively up to 50 times and 3 times higher for bromamination compared to chloramination.
Fate of the Antidiabetic Drug Metformin During Chlorine Disinfection of Water
Authors: Armbruster D. , Happel O. , Scheurer M. , Harms K. , Schmidt T. C. , Brauch H.-J.
Published: September 2015

Metformin is the current gold-standard drug for treatment of Diabetes mellitus Type 21 and prescribed at annual quantities of more than 1100 t within Germany.2, 3 It is not metabolized by the human body and only partially degraded during biological wastewater treatment.4 As an environmental pollutant of anthropogenic origin, metformin is present in the range of several hundred ng/L up to one µg/L in most surface waters.5, 6, 7. The production of drinking water from surface waters containing metformin is expected to lead to the formation of disinfection byproducts during chlorine treatment. Scheurer et al. reported that aqueous solutions of metformin rapidly develop an intensive yellow colour upon treatment with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; Figure 1).8 Investigations on the chemical reactions taking place during the transformation of metformin by NaOCl led to the discovery of two transformation products Y and C, which are specifically formed during the chlorination of metformin. The primary yellow transformation product Y is a cyclic triazole-derivate with an absorption maximum at 385 nm, carrying an active chlorimino-moiety. It undergoes slow decomposition into the chloroorganic nitrile C, a secondary colourless and stable transformation product.
Total Trihalomethane Disinfection By-Product Concentrations Levels Observed in Drinking Water for Some Locations in Baghdad City and the Effect of Ultrafiltration in Minimizing Them
Authors: Ameen O. G. , Abdulla W. I. , Mohamed F. M. , Qays Kaittan A. , Abdljabbar E. , Rashed A. M.
Published: September 2015

Ultrafiltration membrane technology was used successfully in minimizing the TOC (Total Organic Carbon) level from Jaderia-Baghdad from river raw water and achieving an average removal value of 76.3% while in the conventional drinking water treatment plant the average removal value was 58.5%. For trihalomethanes (THMs) the maximum observed value was 35 µg/l after the ultrafiltration unit which was better than the maximum value measured in the Jaderia conventional drinking water treatment plant of 58 µg/l. Both of these results are less than the acceptance levels (80 µg/l according to the USEPA). Also, high values 44, 42 and 43 µg/l were measured in Al Sadeer City, Al Karaada and Al Jaderia respectively, mostly because these areas were using a different source of water supply that needs more attention from Iraqi authorities in the mayoralty of Baghdad.
Nitrosamine Control During Wastewater Recycling
Authors: Mitch W. A.
Published: September 2015

Due to their high cancer potencies, and the high levels of organic nitrogen precursors in wastewater effluents, nitrosamine disinfection byproducts have emerged as key contaminants of concern for wastewater recycling operations. To mitigate nitrosamines, it is important to characterize their precursors and identify novel disinfection schemes that can minimize their formation. Despite current interest in NDMA, NDMA is a minor component of total nitrosamines in recycled wastewaters. Noting that triethanolamine is a major component of a range of consumer products, we identified N-nitrosodiethanolamine at concentrations comparable to NDMA in recycled water systems. Greywater laundry effluent contributes significant loads of NDMA and total nitrosamines to sewage. The combination of medium pressure UV followed by application of preformed monochloramine can effectively minimize the concentrations of NDMA in recycled water systems.
Electrochemical Disinfection with Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes and Reduction of Electrolysis By-Products
Authors: Fryda M. , Behrendt-Fryda B. , Hampel A. , Heesch L. , Matthée Th. , Fischer M. , Schmidt W.
Published: September 2015

Environmental pollution is a growing challenge for water utilities. Even today organic compounds are not always efficiently removed during water treatment. For more than 20 years boron doped diamond electrodes (BDD) have been well known for electrochemical processes with very high oxidative power. Using such an electrochemical advanced oxidation process makes it possible to degrade organic compounds, but due to the high oxidative power of BDD electrodes there is a potential risk for the generation of electrolysis by-products (EBP) such as bromate or chlorate as well as halogenated organic compounds (AOX). This investigation presents some applications of BDD for disinfection, recycling and wastewater treatment processes in different water types by modification of BDD composition and structure. Changing relevant parameters in the production process of BDD electrodes result in different BDD films with crystal structure modification and specific electrochemical properties. Characterization of the production rate of ozone and by-products demonstrates that by-product generation can be significantly suppressed, and parameters for improved modifications are identified.
Impacts of Ferrate Treatment on Natural Organic Matter, Disinfection By-Products, and Bromide
Authors: Jiang Yanjun , Goodwill Joseph E. , Tobiason John E. , Reckhow David A.
Published: September 2015

This research investigated the impacts of ferrate (Fe(VI)) oxidation and subsequent conventional water treatment on natural organic matter (NOM), disinfection byproducts (DBPs), and bromide. Results showed that DBP precursor removal by the processes under investigation followed the order of: intermediate-ferrate treatment (ferrate added after coagulation) > ferric chloride coagulation alone ≈ pre-ferrate treatment followed by coagulation > direct ferrate oxidation alone. At typical Fe(VI) doses, direct Fe(VI) oxidation could significantly decrease DBP formation potentials (DBPFPs), i.e., trihalomethanes (THMs) 16−39%, trihaloacetic acids (THAAs) −8–46%, dihaloacetic acids (DHAAs) −2–17%, and dihaloacetonitriles (DHANs) 15–46%. In addition to achieving an effectiveness similar to ferric chloride coagulation for DBP precursor removal, pre-ferrate treatment may also allow the use of lower coagulant doses due to the Fe(III) introduced by Fe(VI) decay. On the other hand, intermediate-ferrate may result in substantially decreased concentrations of DBPs in the finished water due to prior removal of precursor compounds by coagulation. In addition, Fe(VI) will slowly oxidize bromide, forming low levels of active bromine and bromate. This is not expected to cause a serious problem as the levels are quite low.
Application of Chlorine-Resistant Nanofiltration Membrane in Swimming Pool Water Treatment to Minimize the Disinfection By-Products
Authors: Peng D. , Saravia F. , Abbt-Braun G. , Horn H.
Published: September 2015

Swimming pool water is treated and recirculated over large periods of time to ensure adequate water quality, during which disinfection is a necessary step. Chlorine, the most common disinfectant in swimming pools, reacts with the organic matter in swimming pool water to produce undesirable and potentially harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs). The work presented here addresses the application potential of nanofiltration for swimming pool water treatment, which minimizes the formation of DBPs and their precursors at relatively low operating pressure. Intensive sampling of pool water showed a time delay between the increase of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) and formation of AOX (organically bound halogens adsorbable on activated carbon), which indicates the possibility of minimizing DBP formation by quickly removing the organic matter from the pool water. But the number of visitors did not correlate with the DOC development. On-site experiments in a public swimming pool with three commercial NF membranes (chlorine-resistance≥1 ppm) in flat-sheet modules showed stable rejection performance during approx. 6 weeks operation. Two of them indicated high removal rates of DOC and AOX (>80%) but no removal of trihalomethanes. The results achieved with the pilot scale NF module allowed calculation of the possible minimization of DBPs and precursor-formation, if a branch current is treated with NF-membranes.
Efficiency of UV-Oxidation in Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Waster Water Samples and Toxicological Evaluation Before and After the Oxidative Treatment
Authors: Bielak H. , Boergers A. , Raab J. , Tuerk J. , Dopp E.
Published: September 2015

To gain biologically and chemically safe conditions in aquatic systems, as required by the EU Water Framework Directive, advanced oxidation processes are the only conceivable possibility to remove pharmaceuticals and their metabolites from waste water. Water treatment plants are not designed for the complete mineralization of these substances, so that oxidation by-products occur, whose chemical and toxicological properties are often unknown. In this study an UV-oxidation system with and without H2O2 was tested to optimize the elimination of pharmaceuticals, and replenished with toxicological investigations of untreated and oxidatively treated samples. The substances carbamazepine, metoprolol, amidotrizoic acid, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole were used as lead compounds. They were studied separately and as a substance mixture. The UV-system had a low-pressure lamp with an emission wavelength of 254 nm and a maximum UV output of 15 W. The sample volume was 1 L with a flow rate of 0.03 m³ h−1. Different matrices (waste water, ultrapure water) were used to detect possible matrix effects of real samples. The degradation rates of the substances were analyzed and quantified using LC-MS/MS with an API 3000 and a Q TRAP 3200. The comparison revealed that the additional use of H2O2 enhances the degradation significantly, especially in waste water samples. Cyto- and genotoxicity were tested with the MTT Assay and Alkaline Comet Assay, respectively, using Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Generally, samples treated only with UV showed no toxic effects. Toxic results occurred only for samples with the substance mixture that were treated with UV+H2O2, indicating that combination effects might lead to the formation of toxic by-products.
Disinfection By-Product Precursor Removal and Formation Post Reverse Osmosis Membrane Filtration
Authors: Doederer K. , Farre M. J. , Weinberg H. S. , Filloux E. , Gernjak W.
Published: September 2015

This chapter presents the findings of a study to investigate the fate of DBPs after RO membrane filtration at full-scale advanced water treatment plants (AWTPs). Additionally, DBP precursor removal by full-scale RO membrane filtration is evaluated and the impact of UV/H2O2 on DBP formation in RO permeate upon final chlorination studied at the bench scale in the laboratory under controlled conditions is discussed.
Tracing Genotoxic N-DBPs After Medium Pressure UV Water Treatment by Nitrogen Labelling
Authors: Martijn A. J. , Kolkman A. , Aljammaz M. , Vughs D. , Baken K. A.
Published: September 2015

Genotoxic nitro-organic byproducts are formed in water treatment when medium pressure ultraviolet technology is applied on nitrate containing water types. The genotoxicity was measured via the Ames test bioassay and converted into 4-nitroquinoline equivalents for preliminary risk assessment purposes, indicating the necessity for further identification of the genotoxic compounds. Using labelled N15-NO3 in bench scale experiments in reconstituted water with IHSS Pony Lake natural organic matter, allowed detection with LC-HR-MS of approximately hundred nitro-organic compounds in the 10–100 ng/L concentration. Analysis of full scale water treatment samples confirmed the bench scale experiments.
The Impact of On-Line THM Monitoring on Drinking Water Plant Design, Total Life Costs, and Regulatory Standards and Requirements
Authors: Bacon Rick , Saini Harmesh
Published: September 2015

The automation of sampling, analysis and reporting available through the growing suite of commercially viable online water quality instruments offers great potential for onsite or remote process control automation, as well as for making management decisions on water quality at the source, intake, discharge, treatment plant and distribution system. Since water quality parameters are frequently changing, a firm and immediate understanding of water quality is necessary in order to anticipate problems and maintain optimal treatment conditions. In the absence of regulatory drivers calling for the implementation of online water quality instruments, operators and water quality managers have been installing online analysers and monitors because they are convinced of their ability to improve operational efficiency and maximize optimal water quality. Automated THM monitors help utilities to ensure regulatory compliance by providing immediate results on TTHM values throughout the water treatment process and prompting alterations to THM mitigation strategies. This paper details the benefits of online THM monitoring as part of DBP mitigation strategies; case study detail is presented.
The Behaviour of Haloacetic Acids in Distribution Zones in Scotland
Authors: Agori Georgia , Snaddon Kevin , Goslan Emma H.
Published: September 2015

This study provides an interesting picture of HAA levels in distribution water in Scotland. HAAs concentrations from 298 Scottish water distribution zones were measured. The results obtained show that the median concentrations of HAA5 is 11.5 μg/L. In 0.7% of the zones under study, the average HAA5 concentration exceeds 60 μg/L. These zones are supplied by small WTWs (<3,300 people) and are using chlorination. The dominant species were trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid. Low HAA5 levels were observed in the groundwater systems and higher levels were observed in the surface water systems (median 12.4 μg/L). The chloraminated waters have lower HAA5 levels compared to chlorinated waters, but the difference is not that pronounced. The concentrations of HAA5 were higher in summer and autumn and lower in winter and spring but the difference was not statistically significant. The spatial variability of HAAs and THMs concentrations in two distribution zones using different disinfection strategies (chloramination and chlorination) was also studied. In both systems HAAs increased and decreased, a phenomenon likely related to biodegradation. There is also evidence that abiotic reduction of HAAs is possible for the chlorinated zone. Using flow cytometry we observed generally higher levels of total and intact cells in the chloraminated zone. Thus large numbers of dead cells can contribute to HAAs formation.
Computational Chemistry Investigation of the Bromide-Catalyzed Formation of NDMA From N,N-Dimethylsulfamide During Ozonation
Authors: Trogolo Daniela , Mishra Brijesh K. , Heeb Michèle B. , von Gunten Urs , Samuel Arey J.
Published: September 2015

During ozonation of bromine-containing drinking water, N,N-dimethylsulfamide can be transformed into NDMA. Using quantum chemistry methods we can assess this NDMA formation mechanism, which involves extremely reactive intermediates that are difficult to study by experimental means only. Due to the challenging electronic structures of many of the compounds involved in this study, DFT methods (M05 and B2PLYPD functionals) were carefully selected in order to properly estimate the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the elementary reactions of the NDMA formation pathway.
Detection Methods to Monitor the Degradation of Organic Chloramines
Authors: Tong How Zuo , Linge Kathryn L. , Busetti Francesco , Joll Cynthia A.
Published: September 2015

Organic chloramines have been found to form in drinking water systems and they have been reported to potentially cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects even at micromolar concentration levels. However, little information on the occurrence and toxicity of organic chloramines in drinking water is currently available. In this study, a triiodide colorimetric method, which was a modified standard iodometric method for colorimetric measurement, was used to determine the formation of organic chloramines that were not suitable for direct UV detection due to interference peaks in the 250 to 280 nm range. The triiodide colorimetric and direct UV methods were successfully applied to determine the rate of degradation of N-chloroglycine, N-chloroserine, N-chloroasparagine and N-chlorophenylalanine. The stability of these organic chloramines was found to vary, with their half-life ranging from 15 to 5775 min. The stability of the organic chloramines appeared to increase with increasing basicity of the amine nitrogen. The half-life values found for some of the organic chloramines investigated in this study suggest that their presence and persistence may be relevant in drinking water systems. In order to better characterise the risk associated with the occurrence of organic chloramines in drinking water, the stabilities of a wider range of organic chloramines should be investigated.
Real Time Monitoring of Disinfection By-Products in Chlorinated Waters by Using Absorbance and Fluorescence Indices
Authors: Roccaro Paolo , Vagliasindi Federico G. A. , Korshin Gregory V.
Published: September 2015

This study explored the use of absorbance- and fluorescence based indices to monitor the formation of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products (DBPs) in chlorinated drinking water from different water systems located in Italy and United States. Several classes of DBPs, including trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetic acids (HAA), haloacetonitriles (HAN), halonitromethanes (HNM), chloral hydrate, were considered. The relationships between the formation of these DBPs and the changes in the absorbance or fluorescence of natural organic matter (NOM) were explored in chlorinated and chloraminated raw and coagulated waters with different water quality (e.g. DOC, SUVA, bromide, pH) and varying operating conditions (e.g. chlorine dose, reaction time, temperature). Specific attention was given to the formation of DBPs in treated water in order to evaluate the application of this approach for real time monitoring of DBPs in water distribution systems. The obtained correlations between Spectroscopic indices and DBPs concentrations are very strong even for treated water containing very low concentrations of DBPs species and can be used to control the concentration of individual DBPs as well as the speciation of DBP classes regulated worldwide (i.e. THM, HAA). The examined spectroscopic indexes can be also used to monitor the level and speciation of emerging DBPs (e.g. HAN) in practically important situations. In particular, the application of differential absorbance and/or fluorescence spectroscopy may allow real time monitoring of regulated and emerging DBPs species in water distribution systems.
Ionic Disinfection By-Products - How to Analyze
Authors: Jensen Detlef , Fröhling Christian
Published: September 2015

The analytical determination of ionic disinfection by-products (DBPs) in many cases is challenged by the usual suspects: the sample matrix, analyte concentration and very often by unfavourable concentration ratios between analytes and other sample components. These challenges can be met by combining highly selective ion chromatography (IC) with specific and sensitive detection schemes. Since its introduction IC has quickly developed into an analytical technique suitable for the determination of trace components in very demanding sample matrices due to its combinability with different detection techniques. Because of the low reporting limits established for various DBPs in water (e.g. bromate, chlorate, haloacetic acids), or emerging needs to analyze low concentrations of DBPs (e.g. perchlorate) not only in water but also in food and beverages, it is this property that facilitates the simplified analysis of DBPs. This work summarizes different ion chromatographic approaches for the determination of anionic DBPs in accordance with ISO-, DIN and US-EPA methods, focussing on suppressed conductivity detection, post-column-derivatisation-techniques for UV-detection, two dimensional IC, and mass selective detection. The benefits of the different detection selectivity as well as the capabilities of each approach are discussed.
Health and Toxicological Aspects of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water – A UK Review
Authors: Lau G.
Published: September 2015

Information regarding DBPs in drinking water and a summary of statements published by two independent scientific advisory committees to the UK Government on potential carcinogenicity and toxicity of chemicals are provided in this concise review.
Indexes of Disinfection By-Products (DBPS) Exposure and Irritant Symptoms in Swimming Pool Workers
Authors: Righi E. , Fantuzzi G. , Predieri G. , Aggazzotti G.
Published: September 2015

In two previous studies we evaluated the frequency of different ocular and respiratory symptoms in a group of pool workers in relation to their exposure to DBPs. Recently, we were able to extend the monitoring to a further group of workers. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate associations between different irritant health effects and occupational exposure to both THMs and NCl3 in this enlarged cohort of subjects in order to assess the role played by different index of exposure to irritant chemicals. THMs exposure was evaluated by both environmental and biological monitoring, while NCl3 levels were investigated in environmental air.
Reaction Kinetics of Chlorine with Human Body Fluids Present in Swimming Pool Water
Authors: Hua Pei , Chen Xiao , Vasyukova Ekaterina , Uhl Wolfgang
Published: September 2015

In this work, the specific chlorine demand and specific trichloromethane formation potential (TCM FP) for organic precursors, such as individual body fluid analogue (BFA) components, humic acid (HA) as well as precursors mixtures, were determined experimentally. The chlorine consumption and TCM formation as a function of time were also investigated for all DBP precursors. It was found that urea exhibited the highest specific chlorine demand followed by histidine and uric acid. Furthermore, urea may belong to the fast reacting precursor towards chlorine consumption. The specific chlorine demand of the BFA was much higher than that of humic acid, indicating that BFA were more reactive towards chlorine than humic acid. However, the specific TCM FP of humic acid was about 2 times higher than that of the BFA, which suggests humic acid to be more reactive towards TCM formation than BFA. Citric acid and HA were the main precursors for TCM formation. However, the results suggested that HA had a higher reactivity than citric acid towards TCM formation.
Managing Uncertainty in the Provision of Safe Drinking Water
Authors: Fawell John , Hrudey Steve
Published: September 2015

This brief paper reviews that it is essential that chlorine, and other disinfectants, be used carefully and that has been the purpose of regulation to date. However, the certainty is that it remains an important weapon in the fight against pathogens in drinking water. It is also important that confidence in the possible risks from by-products should not be overstated and uncertainty needs to be fully acknowledged.
Juggling Ice-Cubes: The Regulation of Disinfection By-Products
Authors: Bower Matthew
Published: September 2015

The concept of DBPs in drinking water is a potentially alarming one for the non-technically minded water consumer and the water industry around the world needs to demonstrate that the health risks are understood and well-managed. The comparative risk from undisinfected water needs to be emphasised, and must underpin any initiative for DBP control. A move to a more risk-based approach to regulation should enhance the minimisation of all DBPs, but may require a shift in attitude and competency by regulators and water utilities alike.
Optical biosensors for bacteria detection by a peptidomimetic antimicrobial compound
Authors: Tenenbaum Elena , Segal Ester
Published: September 2015

A sensitive and label-free biosensor for E. coli detection, based on a peptidomimetic antimicrobial compound, which is tethered to a nanostructured porous Si optical transducer is presented.
Reporting a new siderophore based Ca2+selective chemosensor that works as a staining agent in the live organism Artemia
Authors: Raju M. , Nair Ratish R. , Raval Ishan H. , Haldar Soumya , Chatterjee Pabitra B.
Published: September 2015

A new acyclic chemosensor bearing a siderophore linked to a rhodamine 6G fluorophore showed highly selective detection of Ca2+ions in 100% aqueous solution at pH 7.4. The probe showed bio-imaging applicability in the live animalArtemia.
Application of Oracet Blue in a novel and sensitive electrochemical biosensor for the detection of microRNA
Authors: Azimzadeh Mostafa , Rahaie Mahdi , Nasirizadeh Navid , Naderi-Manesh Hossein
Published: September 2015

A simple, novel and sensitive electrochemical biosensor was developed based on thiolated capture probe on gold electrode and electroactive label Oracet Blue, for microRNA detection.
Voltammetric procedure for the determination of oleanolic and ursolic acids in plant extracts
Authors: Tyszczuk-Rotko Katarzyna , Domańska Katarzyna , Sadok Ilona , Wójciak-Kosior Magdalena , Sowa Ireneusz
Published: September 2015

In this work, a novel method based on square wave voltammetric determination of pentacyclic triterpenes (oleanolic and ursolic acids, OA and UA) at an unmodified glassy carbon electrode in plant material after chromatographic separation was developed.
A highly sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor for rapid detection of CYFRA21-1, a marker of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Mei , Hou Changjun , Huo Danqun , Yang Mei , Fa Huanbao
Published: September 2015

Many studies have confirmed that CYFRA21-1 is both a sensitive and specific marker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in particular, squamous cell carcinoma.
Layer-by-layer assemblies for antibacterial applications
Authors: Zhu Xiaoying , Jun Loh Xian
Published: September 2015

This review describes the latest update on research in the area of layer-by-layer assemblies for antibacterial applications.
“Fishing” of heteropolyacids into carbonaceous seine via coking
Authors: Sushkevich Vitaly L. , Ivanova Irina I. , Lancelot Christine , Moldovan Simona , Ersen Ovidiu , Ordomsky Vitaly V.
Published: September 2015

Heteropolyacid has been encapsulated into a porous carbon matrix using controlled coking. The catalyst demonstrated unique stability toward leaching with high activity in the esterification reaction.
A self-assembled Pd2L4 cage that selectively encapsulates nitrate
Authors: Zhou Li-Peng , Sun Qing-Fu
Published: September 2015

A M2L4 cage featuring a concise hydrophobic pocket wrapped up by anthracene panels provides a specific binding site for nitrate.
Reaction of diazocompounds with C70: unprecedented synthesis and characterization of isomeric [5,6]-fulleroids
Authors: Vidal Sara , Izquierdo Marta , Filippone Salvatore , Brunetti Fulvio G. , Martín Nazario
Published: September 2015

Three new [5,6]-PCBM isomeric fulleroids photoisomerize, in a quantitative and highly selective way, to their respective [6,6]-PCBM methanofullerenes.
Unified synthesis of tirandamycins and streptolydigins
Authors: Yoshimura Hikaru , Takahashi Keisuke , Ishihara Jun , Hatakeyama Susumi
Published: September 2015

The comprehensive approach to tirandamycin and streptolydigin antibiotics has been developed utilizing a cinchona alkaloid-catalyzed asymmetric Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction.
Controlling the synthesis and assembly of fluorescent Au/Ag alloy nanoclusters
Authors: Jia Xiaofang , Li Jing , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Erkang
Published: September 2015

Self-assembly of water-soluble fluorescent thiolated Au/Ag alloy NCs into 1D nanostructures in water is demonstrated. Fluorescent Au/Ag alloy NCs with high stability were synthesized through galvanic replacement, starting from nonemissive and unstable AgNC precursors. Then a facile ultrasound method was used to induce a thiolate-driven self-assembly process.
The application of heterogeneous visible light photocatalysts in organic synthesis
Authors: Chen Jun , Cen Jie , Xu Xiaoliang , Li Xiaonian
Published: September 2015

The recent advances of organic synthesis reactions based on heterogeneous visible-light photocatalysis are reviewed.
Hydrodeoxygenation of microalgae oil to green diesel over Pt, Rh and presulfided NiMo catalysts
Authors: Zhou Lin , Lawal Adeniyi
Published: September 2015

The catalytic characteristics, activity and selectivity of 1% Pt/Al2O3, 0.5% Rh/Al2O3 and presulfided NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts have been investigated in the hydrodeoxygenation of microalgae (Nannochloropsis salina) oil to produce green diesel in a microreactor.
19F NMR study of ligand dynamics in carboxylate-bridged diiron(ii) complexes supported by a macrocyclic ligand
Authors: Minier Mikael A. , Lippard Stephen J.
Published: September 2015

Using VT 19F NMR spectroscopy, we explored the intramolecular dynamics of a family of carboxylate-bridged diiron(ii) complexes, [Fe2(X2PIM)(ArRCCO2)2]. The data are consistent with these complexes undergoing μ–η1:η2 to μ–η1:η1 carboxylate shifts.
Hydration and ion pair formation in aqueous Y3+–salt solutions
Authors: Rudolph Wolfram W. , Irmer Gert
Published: September 2015

LHS: Raman spectrum of Y(ClO4)3(aq) at 0.640 mol L−1. The weak, polarized band at 384 cm−1is assigned to the symmetric Y–O stretch of [Y(OH2)8]3+. Bands at 460 and 628 cm−1are deformation modes of ClO4−(aq). The inset shows the isotropic band in detail. RHS: Structure of [Y(OH2)8]3+).
Solutions of complex copper salts in low-transition-temperature mixture (LTTM)
Authors: Zakharov Maxim A. , Fetisov Gennady V. , Veligzhanin Alexei A. , Bykov Michael A. , Paseshnichenko Ksenia A. , Dunaev Sergei F. , Aslanov Leonid A.
Published: September 2015

Ionic liquids (IL) and low-transition-temperature mixtures (LTTM) based on amine alcohol were prepared and solitonic proton charge transfer proposed to occur in LTTM.
Constructing novel Cd(ii) metal–organic frameworks based on different highly connected secondary building units via alteration of reaction conditions
Authors: Liu Yan-Qing , Ren Guo-Jian , Zhang Ying-Hui , Xu Jian , Bu Xian-He
Published: September 2015

Upon the reaction of Cd(ii) ions and 4-Ptz ligands under different conditions, three new Cd(ii) metal–organic frameworks were constructed based on different highly connected secondary building units.
Synthesis and characterization of a trans-1 hexakis-fullerene linker that forms crystalline polymers with silver salts
Authors: Chen Chia-Hsiang , Aghabali Amineh , Metta-Magana Alejandro J. , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Balch Alan L. , Echegoyen Luis
Published: September 2015

A new flexible hexakis-fullerene adduct with two bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)malonate groups was synthesized and reacted with Ag(PF6) to form two new 1D crystalline coordination polymers.
Multifunctional pure and Eu3+ doped β-Ag2MoO4: photoluminescence, energy transfer dynamics and defect induced properties
Authors: Gupta Santosh K. , Ghosh P. S. , Sudarshan K. , Gupta Ruma , Pujari P. K. , Kadam R. M.
Published: September 2015

The photoluminescence and electrocatalytic properties of pure and europium doped β-Ag2MoO4 are explored. The host dopant energy transfer process is explained theoretically.
Tuning the target composition of amine-grafted CPO-27-Mg for capture of CO2 under post-combustion and air filtering conditions: a combined experimental and computational study
Authors: Bernini M. C. , García Blanco A. A. , Villarroel-Rocha J. , Fairen-Jimenez D. , Sapag K. , Ramirez-Pastor A. J. , Narda G. E.
Published: September 2015

A computational and experimental study is performed to determine the optimal composition that enhances the adsorption performance at low pressure.
An aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active probe for multiple targets: a fluorescent sensor for Zn2+and Al3+& a colorimetric sensor for Cu2+and F−
Authors: Samanta Soham , Manna Utsab , Ray Turjya , Das Gopal
Published: September 2015

A rationally designed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active probe acts as a turn-on fluorescent sensor for Zn2+and Al3+besides a colorimetric sensor for Cu2+and F−ions.
Synthesis and controlled growth of osmium nanoparticles by electron irradiation
Authors: Pitto-Barry Anaïs , Perdigao Luis M. A. , Walker Marc , Lawrence James , Costantini Giovanni , Sadler Peter J. , Barry Nicolas P. E.
Published: September 2015

Defined-size osmium nanoparticles (1.5–50 nm) were synthesized on a B- and S-doped turbostratic graphitic structure from an organometallic osmium complex encapsulated in self-spreading polymer micelles and characterised by (HR)TEM, AFM and XPS.
Energy transfer dynamics and luminescence properties of Eu3+ in CaMoO4 and SrMoO4
Authors: Gupta Santosh K. , Sahu M. , Ghosh P. S. , Tyagi Deepak , Saxena M. K. , Kadam R. M.
Published: September 2015

Undoped and europium doped CaMoO4 and SrMoO4 scheelites are synthesized using a complex polymerization method.
Bioinspired piezoelectric nanogenerators based on vertically aligned phage nanopillars
Authors: Shin Dong-Myeong , Han Hye Ji , Kim Won-Geun , Kim Eunjong , Kim Chuntae , Hong Suck Won , Kim Hyung Kook , Oh Jin-Woo , Hwang Yoon-Hwae
Published: September 2015

Bioinspired piezoelectric nanogenerators based on phage nanopillars are inceptively demonstrated, and the electrical power from phage nanopillars holds promise for the development of implantable and wearable electronics.
Volatilization of elemental mercury from fresh blast furnace sludge mixed with basic oxygen furnace sludge under different temperatures
Authors: Földi Corinna , Dohrmann Reiner , Mansfeldt Tim
Published: September 2015

Mercury volatilization from blast furnace sludge mixed with basic oxygen furnace sludge was shown for the first time.
Soft-shear induced phase-separated nanoparticle string-structures in polymer thin films
Authors: Zhang Ren , Lee Bongjoon , Bockstaller Michael R. , Al-Enizi Abdullah M. , Elzatahry Ahmed , Berry Brian C. , Karim Alamgir
Published: September 2015

Application of shear stress has been shown to unidirectionally orient the microstructures of block copolymers and polymer blends. In the present work, we study the phase separation of a novel nanoparticle (NP)–polymer blend thin film system under shear using a soft-shear dynamic zone annealing (DZA-SS) method. The nanoparticles are densely grafted with polymer chains of chemically dissimilar composition from the matrix polymer, which induces phase separation upon thermal annealing into concentrated nanoparticle domains. We systematically examine the influence of DZA-SS translation speed and thus the effective shear rate on nanoparticle domain elongation and compare this with the counterpart binary polymer blend behavior. Unidirectionally aligned nanoparticle string-domains are fabricated in the presence of soft-shear in confined thin film geometry. We expect this DZA-SS method to be applicable to various NP–polymer blends towards unidirectionally aligned nanoparticle structures, which are important to functional nanoparticle structure fabrication.
Mulberry anthocyanin extract regulates glucose metabolism by promotion of glycogen synthesis and reduction of gluconeogenesis in human HepG2 cells
Authors: Yan Fujie , Zhang Ji , Zhang Lingxia , Zheng Xiaodong
Published: September 2015

We suggest that a mulberry anthocyanin extract regulates glucose metabolism by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in HepG2 cells.
Polysaccharide from Pleurotus nebrodensis induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway in HepG2 cells
Authors: Cui Haiyan , Wu Shufen , Sun Yanping , Wang Tiantian , Li Zhenjing , Chen Mianhua , Wang Changlu
Published: September 2015

PNA-2 mediated mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 cellsin vitroandin vivo.
Discovery of fluoroquinolone derivatives as potent, selective inhibitors of PI3Kγ
Authors: Sha Shao , Han Hong-Wei , Gao Fei , Liu Tian-Bao , Li Zhen , Xu Chi , Zhong Wei-Qing , Zhu Hai-Liang
Published: September 2015

A new class of fluoroquinolone derivatives having improved potency toward PI3K was designed through a docking study.
Elemental step thermodynamics of various analogues of indazolium alkaloids to obtaining hydride in acetonitrile
Authors: Lei Nan-Ping , Fu Yan-Hua , Zhu Xiao-Qing
Published: September 2015

A series of analogues of the natural indazolium alkaloids were designed and synthesized. The thermodynamic driving forces of the 6 elemental steps for the analogues to gain hydride in acetonitrile were determined. The reduction mechanism of indazolium alkaloids by NADH coenzyme was examined.
Synthesis of novel polymerizable molecules bearing bisphosphonate
Authors: Kachbi Khelfallah S. , Monteil M. , Deschamp J. , Gager O. , Migianu-Griffoni E. , Lecouvey M.
Published: September 2015

In recent years, bisphosphonate chemistry has undergone an exponential growth due to the potential applications of these compounds in medicine and nanobiomaterial research.
Development of a donor polymer using a B ← N unit for suitable LUMO/HOMO energy levels and improved photovoltaic performance
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Ding Zicheng , Dou Chuandong , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang
Published: September 2015

We report a novel approach to tune the LUMO/HOMO energy levels of polymer donors by replacing a C–C unit with a B ← N unit. The polymer containing a B ← N unit exhibits lower LUMO/HOMO levels and a narrower bandgap, leading to an improved photovoltaic performance.
Tuning oxygen-sensing behaviour of a porous coordination framework by a guest fluorophore
Authors: Lin Rui-Biao , Zhou Hao-Long , He Chun-Ting , Zhang Jie-Peng , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: September 2015

A new oxygen-sensing material with desirable excitation/emission characteristics was achieved by using a simple guest fluorophore.
Synthesis of α-enamino esters via Cu(ii)-promoted dehydrogenation of α-amino acid esters: application to the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles
Authors: Zhou Nini , Li Zhongle , Xie Zhixiang
Published: September 2015

α-Enamino esters are synthesized from α-amino acid esters using Cu(ii)-promoted dehydrogenation. Application of the α-enamino esters to the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles is achieved through oxidative coupling with alkynes under Cu(ii)-promoted conditions.
Diastereoselective synthesis of cyclopentanone-fused spirooxindoles by N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed homoenolate annulation with isatilidenes
Authors: Patra Atanu , Bhunia Anup , Yetra Santhivardhana Reddy , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: September 2015

NHC-catalyzed reaction of enals with N-substituted isatilidenes resulting in the diastereoselective synthesis of cyclopentanone-fused spirooxindoles proceeding via the homoenolate equivalent intermediates is reported.
Low temperature transport of a charge transfer complex nanowire grown with an electric field from the vapour phase
Authors: Basori Rabaya , Raychaudhuri A. K.
Published: September 2015

Suspended Cu–tetracyanoquinodimethane nanowires connecting two electrodes (∼1.0 µm gap) have been grown. Below 100 K, the bias dependent non-linear conductance can be fitted to a modified Zener tunneling model for charge density wave transport.
Isoindigo derivatives for application in p-type dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Ameline Dorine , Diring Stéphane , Farre Yoann , Pellegrin Yann , Naponiello Gaia , Blart Errol , Charrier Benoît , Dini Danilo , Jacquemin Denis , Odobel Fabrice
Published: September 2015

This study shows that isoindigo derivatives are promising sensitizers in NiO-based dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) especially to harvest low energy part of sunlight.
Catalytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 with hydrogen peroxide using CoxOy-N/GAC catalysts in a bicarbonate aqueous solution
Authors: Duan Lian , Chen Yanling , Zhang Kaixuan , Luo Huoyan , Huang Jianxin , Xu Aihua
Published: September 2015

The cobalt-based catalysts CoxOy-N/GAC were prepared by pyrolysis of a cobalt–phenanthroline complex on granular active carbon in nitrogen atmosphere, and tested for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 with H2O2 in a bicarbonate aqueous solution.
A block copolymer as an effective additive for electrodepositing ultra-low Sn coatings
Authors: Wang Zhideng , Li Ning , Wang Minghao , Wang Xiyu , Li Deyu , Havas Dana , Zhang Hanguang , Wu Gang
Published: September 2015

In this work, a new type of block co-polymer additive, PE9400, was investigated for electrodepositing an ultra-low Sn coating in methanesulfonic acid (MSA) electrolyte.
Hierarchical NiCo2S4 hollow spheres as a high performance anode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Jin Rencheng , Liu Dongmei , Liu Chunping , Liu Gang
Published: September 2015

Hierarchical NiCo2S4 hollow spheres have been fabricated, which exhibit a high specific capacity, good rate capability and stable cycling performance.
A cost-effective polyurethane based activated carbon sponge anode for high-performance microbial fuel cells
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Zhou Minghua , Yang Huijia , Zhao Yingying , Hu Youshuang
Published: September 2015

A simple and cost-effective 3D activated carbon sponge MFC anode was fabricated by carbon black deposition and ammonium persulfate oxidation.
Photocontrollable volume phase transition of an azobenzene functionalized microgel and its supramolecular complex
Authors: Zhu Liqiang , Zhao Chuanzhuang , Zhang Jiawei , Gong Dirong
Published: September 2015

A novel photo-responsive microgel (Azo-MG) was successfully prepared by grafting azobenzene moieties onto a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgel.
Water-dispersible polyphosphate-grafted Fe3O4 nanomagnets for cancer therapy
Authors: Majeed Jerina , Barick K. C. , Shetake Neena G. , Pandey B. N. , Hassan P. A. , Tyagi A. K.
Published: September 2015

Development of water-dispersible polyphosphate-grafted Fe3O4 nanomagnets for hyperthermia and drug delivery applications.
Natural biological template for ZnO nanoparticle growth and photocatalytic dye degradation under visible light
Authors: Sun Mengxiao , Li Tianhang , Zhang Zhaoyuan , Wang Nana , Xie Aming , Lv Xuliang , Wang Yuan , Wu Fan , Wang Mingyang
Published: September 2015

Luffa sponge was used as a biotemplate for the growth of ZnO nanoparticles. This new structure of ZnO displayed a unique photocatalytic performance for dye degradation under visible light.
A Raman spectroscopic investigation of speciation in La2(SO4)3(aq)
Authors: Rudolph Wolfram W. , Irmer Gert
Published: September 2015

Raman spectroscopic speciation studies were conducted of aqueous solutions of La(ClO4)3, La2(SO4)3, and Na2SO4 in water and heavy water, in the terahertz frequency region (40–1400 cm−1) and down to low concentrations (0.000263 mol L−1).
Surface modification of cellulose scaffold with polypyrrole for the fabrication of flexible supercapacitor electrode with enhanced capacitance
Authors: Liu Shilin , He Kuan , Wu Xia , Luo Xiaogang , Li Bin
Published: September 2015

Green bioelectronics integrated the merits of biomaterial and conductive polymers have been prepared byin situpolymerization of conductive polymer monomer on porous structured cellulose matrix.
The effect of nitrido, azide, and nitrosyl ligands on magnetization densities and magnetic properties of iridium PNP pincer-type complexes
Authors: Stuart Daniel , Tecmer Paweł , Ayers Paul W. , Boguslawski Katharina
Published: September 2015

The magnetisation density of different iridium PNP pincer-type complexes depends on the chosen quantum chemistry method.
Synthesis, linear and nonlinear optical properties of thermally stable ferrocene-diketopyrrolopyrrole dyads
Authors: Kaur Sarbjeet , Dhoun Sugandha , Depotter Griet , Kaur Paramjit , Clays Koen , Singh Kamaljit
Published: September 2015

Thermally stable ferrocene-DPP dyads exhibit non-zero dipole moments as well as negative solvatochromism and show structure dependent second-order nonlinear polarizabilities.
Saturation transfer difference NMR to study substrate and product binding to human UDP-xylose synthase (hUXS1A) during catalytic event
Authors: Puchner Claudia , Eixelsberger Thomas , Nidetzky Bernd , Brecker Lothar
Published: September 2015

The human form of UDP-xylose synthase (hUXS1A) is studied with respect to its substrate and co-enzyme binding in binary and ternary complexes using saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR andin situNMR.
The approach to 4d/4f-polyphosphides
Authors: Arleth Nicholas , Gamer Michael T. , Köppe Ralf , Pushkarevsky Nikolay A. , Konchenko Sergey N. , Fleischmann Martin , Bodensteiner Michael , Scheer Manfred , Roesky Peter W.
Published: September 2015

The first 4d/4f polyphosphides were obtained from reactions of the divalent metallocenes [Cp*2Ln(thf)2] (Ln = Sm, Yb) with [{CpMo(CO)2}2(μ,η2:2-P2)] or [Cp*Mo(CO)2(η3-P3)]. New aggregation of the central phosphorus scaffold in combination with P–P bond formation within the coordination sphere of the transition metal was observed.
Synthesis of a peripherally conjugated 5-6-7 nanographene
Authors: Żyła Marika , Gońka Elżbieta , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Cybińska Joanna , Stępień Marcin
Published: September 2015

Expansion of heteroaromatic nanographenes via 5-6-7 fusion enhances their NIR absorption and emission properties.
Investigation of splashing phenomena during the impact of molten sub-micron gold droplets on solid surfaces
Authors: Shen Daozhi , Zou Guisheng , Liu Lei , Duley Walter W. , Norman Zhou Y.
Published: September 2015

A feasible technique was used to investigate the splashing of molten sub-micron gold droplets: heat transfer was believed to be the key factor.
Trapping, entrainment and synchronization of semiflexible polymers in narrow, asymmetric confinements
Authors: Swank Zoe , Deshpande Siddharth , Pfohl Thomas
Published: September 2015

Synchronized motion of two individual semiflexible actin filaments in narrow confinement.
A luminescent Zr-based metal–organic framework for sensing/capture of nitrobenzene and high-pressure separation of CH4/C2H6
Authors: Zou Ruyi , Ren Xueling , Huang Fang , Zhao Yifang , Liu Jia , Jing Xiping , Liao Fuhui , Wang Yinxia , Lin Jianhua , Zou Ruqiang , Sun Junliang
Published: September 2015

A novel LMOF based on a new tetracarboxylate ligand is reported with not only high performance of sensing and capture of nitrobenzene but also high-pressure separation of CH4/C2H6.