bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longtime behavior of multidimensional wave equation with local Kelvin–Voigt damping
Authors: Han Zhong‐Jie , Yu Kai , Zhang Qiong
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the longtime behavior of a coupled multidimensional elastic–viscoelastic waves system is considered. This model consists of an elastic wave domain and an viscoelastic wave domain, connecting by a common interface. The dissipative damping is produced in the viscoelastic wave via the boundary connection. By the resolvent estimate together with microlocal analysis argument, we show that the corresponding semigroup is polynomially stable with decay rate under certain conditions.
Three‐node assumed strain Mindlin plate finite elements
Authors: Grbac Marin , Ribarić Dragan
Published: March 2022

Two new three‐node Mindlin plate finite elements are presented, both based on the two‐node Timoshenko beam element with problem‐dependent cubic linked interpolation. They are developed by generalising a constant shear strain expression of the Timoshenko beam element with rotational fields either derived in a way that makes the whole formulation kinematically consistent, or interpolated independently. Results from the numerical examples indicate robustness and high performance of the presented elements, with no shear locking, which makes them suitable for the analysis of very thin to thick plate cases. Furthermore, one of the presented elements passes the patch test for the constant bending state regardless of the element size. Ultimately, the presented elements are effective and suitable for practical application.
How Do EQ-5D-5L Value Sets Differ?
Authors: Roudijk Bram , Janssen Bas , Olsen Jan Abel
Published: March 2022

This chapter aims to explore the differences in EQ-5D-5L value sets between countries/areas, and to investigate whether common patterns can be identified between them. EQ-5D-5L value sets for 25 countries/areas were extracted from published literature. These national value sets were compared on key characteristics, such as: the relative importance of the EQ-5D-5L dimensions; the value scale length and the distribution of values over the value scale. Using these characteristics, distinct preference patterns were identified for Asian, Eastern European and Western countries/areas. The Asian countries/areas were split into East Asian and Southeast Asian countries/areas, as these subgroups shared similar characteristics. Using mean values for countries/areas with similar preference patterns, several aggregate value sets were generated. These aggregate value sets describe mean values for all 3125 health states described by the EQ-5D-5L for countries/areas with similar preference patterns. Applying these values to EQ-5D-5L profile data for 7933 respondents in an international survey showed that these aggregate value sets represent the individual national value sets relatively well. This chapter identified large differences between value sets, yet was able to identify common preference patterns between selected countries/areas.
Where Next for EQ-5D-5L National Value Sets and the EQ-VT Protocol?
Authors: Norman Richard , Devlin Nancy , Stolk Elly
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to reflect on the future of EQ-5D-5L valuation studies, going beyond the value sets summarised in this book. This includes a number of linked themes. First, the EQ-5D-5L valuation research programme has allowed the continued evolution of methods, as methodological studies have demonstrated that aspects of the EQ-VT protocol could be strengthened or improved. This chapter describes some of the key candidates for future refinement of the methods for valuing EQ-5D-5L. Second, while the standardisation of valuation methodology is important, it is anticipated that many countries may require a less resource-intensive, but still rigorous version of the valuation protocol. This chapter outlines the progress towards developing a ‘lite’ version of the EQ-VT protocol, and considers the future possibility of valuation protocols based exclusively on discrete choice experiments, with accompanying strengths and weaknesses. Finally, the ‘shelf-life’ of value sets is considered, along with how demographic and other societal changes may manifest in how people value health, and the implications of that for the need to update EQ-5D-5L value sets.
Quantifying Explainability in Outcome-Oriented Predictive Process Monitoring
Authors: Stevens Alexander , De Smedt Johannes , Peeperkorn Jari
Published: March 2022

The growing interest in applying machine and deep learning algorithms in an Outcome-Oriented Predictive Process Monitoring (OOPPM) context has recently fuelled a shift to use models from the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) paradigm, a field of study focused on creating explainability techniques on top of AI models in order to legitimize the predictions made. Nonetheless, most classification models are evaluated primarily on a performance level, where XAI requires striking a balance between either simple models (e.g. linear regression) or models using complex inference structures (e.g. neural networks) with post-processing to calculate feature importance. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of predictive models with varying intrinsic complexity are measured based on explainability with model-agnostic quantitative evaluation metrics. To this end, explainability is designed as a symbiosis between interpretability and faithfulness and thereby allowing to compare inherently created explanations (e.g. decision tree rules) with post-hoc explainability techniques (e.g. Shapley values) on top of AI models. Moreover, two improved versions of the logistic regression model capable of capturing non-linear interactions and both inherently generating their own explanations are proposed in the OOPPM context. These models are benchmarked with two common state-of-the-art models with post-hoc explanation techniques in the explainability-performance space.
Probability Estimation of Uncertain Process Trace Realizations
Authors: Pegoraro Marco , Bakullari Bianka , Uysal Merih Seran , van der Aalst Wil M. P.
Published: March 2022

Process mining is a scientific discipline that analyzes event data, often collected in databases called event logs. Recently, uncertain event logs have become of interest, which contain non-deterministic and stochastic event attributes that may represent many possible real-life scenarios. In this paper, we present a method to reliably estimate the probability of each of such scenarios, allowing their analysis. Experiments show that the probabilities calculated with our method closely match the true chances of occurrence of specific outcomes, enabling more trustworthy analyses on uncertain data.
Interactive Process Mining Applied in a Cardiology Outpatient Department
Authors: Lull Juan José , Cid-Menéndez Adrián , Ibanez-Sanchez Gema , Sanchez Pedro Luis , Bayo-Monton Jose Luis , Traver Vicente , Fernandez-Llatas Carlos
Published: March 2022

Cardiology departments receive many outpatients from primary care services and it is necessary to differentiate which patients need special attention. One-stop clinics were deployed in a hospital in Salamanca (Spain) to triage such patients, separating those who needed further examination and those who were discharged.

Data (covering December 2018—August 2020) was explored and there was an iterative process in which clinicians, process miners and technical staff at the hospital interacted in special interviews or Data Rodeos. Interactive Process Indicators (IPIs) were generated. During Data Rodeos data quality problems arose and were tackled, input data was cleaned and preconditioned, process activities were discovered and modelled.

The original assumption that the iterative implementation of the IPI would allow clinicians and managers to have a deeper understanding of the one-stop cardiology clinics process, was evaluated and validated by them. After each iteration, they found that the IPI was more useful and near to the reality they see everyday.

The final IPI was easy to interpret by the clinicians. In the end, many key indicators were extracted, but most importantly, clinicians had a comprehensive tool that they could use by themselves, without technical assistance, to extract and interpret different indicators at any time, providing a high-quality source of information to improve patient-centered daily medical care.
Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence and Process Mining: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Pery Andrew , Rafiei Majid , Simon Michael , van der Aalst Wil M. P.
Published: March 2022

The premise of this paper is that compliance with Trustworthy AI governance best practices and regulatory frameworks is an inherently fragmented process spanning across diverse organizational units, external stakeholders, and systems of record, resulting in process uncertainties and in compliance gaps that may expose organizations to reputational and regulatory risks. Moreover, there are complexities associated with meeting the specific dimensions of Trustworthy AI best practices such as data governance, conformance testing, quality assurance of AI model behaviors, transparency, accountability, and confidentiality requirements. These processes involve multiple steps, hand-offs, re-works, and human-in-the-loop oversight. In this paper, we demonstrate that process mining can provide a useful framework for gaining fact-based visibility to AI compliance process execution, surfacing compliance bottlenecks, and providing for an automated approach to analyze, remediate and monitor uncertainty in AI regulatory compliance processes.
Analyzing Multi-level BOM-Structured Event Data
Authors: Brockhoff Tobias , Uysal Merih Seran , Terrier Isabelle , Göhner Heiko , van der Aalst Wil M. P.
Published: March 2022

With the advent of Industry 4.0, increasing amounts of data on operational processes (e.g., manufacturing processes) become available. These processes can involve hundreds of different materials for a relatively small number of manufactured special-purpose machines rendering classical process discovery and analysis techniques infeasible. However, in contrast to most standard business processes, additional structural information is often available—for example, Bills of Materials (BOMs), listing the required materials, or Multi-level Manufacturing Bills of Materials (M2BOMs), which additionally show the material composition. This work investigates how structural information given by Multi-level Bills of Materials (M2BOMs) can be integrated into a top-down operational process analysis framework to improve special-purpose machine manufacturing processes. The approach is evaluated on industrial-scale printer assembly data provided by Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG.
Knowing, Unknowing, and Re-knowing
Authors: Hoeyer Klaus , Winthereik Brit Ross
Published: March 2022

Most technologies are knowledge-intensive, and contemporary knowledge production is often technology-intensive. Hence, knowledge practices are a central theme for a handbook for the anthropology of technology. Knowledge about knowing has mostly been considered a branch of philosophy or alternatively of theology. In this section we argue that the study of knowledge practices is part of both the foundation of the anthropological discipline and its future as we attend to technology-mediated forms of knowing, unknowing, and re-knowing. The section highlights the variations and multiplicities of knowing. It shows that studying knowledge and forms of knowing implies exploring forms of unknowing and ignorance. The seven contributions to this section present research on processes through which knowledge is made, what becomes silenced in the process, and how anthropology often holds a special role in bringing such lost insights or alternative forms of knowing back into the light. Each of the chapters presents a unique take on human engagement with knowledge and technologies of knowing, thereby continuing a long tradition of studying the production of knowledge as socially embedded and materially ingrained.
Lightcone bootstrap at higher points
Authors: Antunes António , Costa Miguel S. , Gonçalves Vasco , Boas João Vilas
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Higher-point functions of scalar operators are a rich observable in CFTs, as they contain OPE data involving multiple spinning operators. We derive the lightcone blocks for five- and six-point functions in the snowflake channel and use them to bootstrap these correlators in the lightcone limit. As a result we determine the large spin expansion of OPE coefficients involving two or three spinning operators. We verify our results by comparing to the block decomposition of higher-point functions in generalized free theory and in theories with a cubic coupling.
Deconfining $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFTs or the art of brane bending
Authors: Etxebarria Iñaki García , Heidenreich Ben , Lotito Matteo , Sorout Ajit Kumar
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We introduce a systematic approach to constructing $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Lagrangians for a class of interacting $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs. We analyse in detail the simplest case of the construction, arising from placing branes at an orientifolded ℂ2/ℤ2 singularity. In this way we obtain Lagrangian descriptions for all the R2,k theories. The rank one theories in this class are the E6 Minahan-Nemeschansky theory and the C2 × U(1) Argyres-Wittig theory. The Lagrangians that arise from our brane construction manifestly exhibit either the entire expected flavour symmetry group of the SCFT (for even k) or a full-rank subgroup thereof (for odd k), so we can compute the full superconformal index of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs, and also systematically identify the Higgsings associated to partial closing of punctures.
Bootstrapping boundary-localized interactions II. Minimal models at the boundary
Authors: Behan Connor , Di Pietro Lorenzo , Lauria Edoardo , van Rees Balt C.
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We provide evidence for the existence of non-trivial unitary conformal boundary conditions for a three-dimensional free scalar field, which can be obtained via a coupling to the m’th unitary diagonal minimal model. For large m we can demonstrate the existence of the fixed point perturbatively, and for smaller values we use the numerical conformal bootstrap to obtain a sharp kink that smoothly matches onto the perturbative predictions. The wider numerical analysis also yields universal bounds for the spectrum of any other boundary condition for the free scalar field. A second kink in these bounds hints at a second class of non-standard boundary conditions, as yet unidentified.
Classical and quantum gravitational scattering with Generalized Wilson Lines
Authors: Bonocore D. , Kulesza A. , Pirsch J.
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The all-order structure of scattering amplitudes is greatly simplified by the use of Wilson line operators, describing eikonal emissions from straight lines extending to infinity. A generalization at subleading powers in the eikonal expansion, known as Generalized Wilson Line (GWL), has been proposed some time ago, and has been applied both in QCD phenomenology and in the high energy limits of gravitational amplitudes. In this paper we revisit the construction of the scalar gravitational GWL starting from first principles in the worldline formalism. We identify the correct Hamiltonian that leads to a simple correspondence between the soft expansion and the weak field expansion. This allows us to isolate the terms in the GWL that are relevant in the classical limit. In doing so we devote special care to the regularization of UV divergences that were not discussed in an earlier derivation. We also clarify the relation with a parallel body of work that recently investigated the classical limit of scattering amplitudes in gravity in the worldline formalism.
Strategien und Effekte digitaler Interventionen bei der Übergewichts- und Adipositastherapie von Kindern und Jugendlichen – ein systematischer Review
Authors: Pawellek Sabine , Ziegeldorf Alexandra , Wulff Hagen
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund

Steigende Adipositasprävalenzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind geprägt von ungesunden Lebensweisen wie geringer Bewegung durch hohen Medienkonsum. Neueste Studien nutzen die Erreichbarkeit dieser Zielgruppe durch digitale Medien, womit Technologien neue Ansätze in der Interventionsgestaltung der Gewichtsreduktion darstellen. Allerdings stellt sich die Frage, welche digitalen Kombinationen und methodischen Programmkonzepte effektive Body-Mass-Index(BMI)-Veränderungen bedingen.

Ziel

Um Erkenntnisse über effektive Maßnahmengestaltung und Medieneinsatz zu gewinnen, sollen digitale Interventionsstrategien zur BMI-Reduktion übergewichtiger Kinder und Jugendlicher analysiert und bewertet werden.

Methoden

Ein systematischer Review wurde in den Datenbanken Medline via PubMed, Science Direct und Web of Science zur Analyse von Studien aus den Jahren 2016 bis 2021 über Veränderungen im BMI und BMI-Z-Score von übergewichtigen und adipösen 6‑ bis 18-Jährigen durchgeführt. Die methodische Studienqualität wurde nach den Richtlinien des Cochrane Risk of Bias bewertet.

Ergebnisse

Aus 3974 Studien wurden 7 Artikel identifiziert, die den Einsatz von Fitnessarmbändern, Smartphones und computerbasierten Programmen beschreiben. Alle Medien erzielten BMI-Reduktionen, wobei Smartphoneinterventionen via Anrufe und Nachrichten die signifikantesten Veränderungen bewirkten.

Diskussion

Smartphones bieten als Anbieter digitaler Programme (z. B. Apps) effektive Ansatzpunkte zur Adipositasreduktion. Auf Basis der Datenlage bestätigt sich neben der Auswahl und der Kombination mehrerer Medien die Relevanz des Familieneinbezugs und die methodische Fundierung der Maßnahmen. Aufgrund des jungen Alters der Teilnehmenden müssen mediale Interventionen zielgruppengerecht zugänglich gemacht werden.
Lattice structures in stainless steel 17-4PH manufactured via selective laser melting (SLM) process: dimensional accuracy, satellites formation, compressive response and printing parameters optimization
Authors: Bertocco Alcide , Iannitti Gianluca , Caraviello Antonio , Esposito Luca
Published: March 2022

By the term, lattice structures are intended topologically ordered open-celled structures consisting of one or more repeating unit cells. Technological development and especially the growth of the additive manufacturing (AM) industry allows innovative structural design, including complex lattice structure. Selective laser melting (SLM) is an AM process that enables the manufacture of space filling structures. This work investigated the influence of the most important process parameter settings on lattices printability, focusing on the geometrical accuracy, the quantity of powders adhered to the main frame (satellites) and their compression behaviour. The process parameters such as the laser power, scan speed and layer height affect vigorously the design, quality and mechanical properties of the part. The aim of the paper is to evaluate how different parameter combinations affect the cellular structures’ printing. Twenty-four lattice structures with cubic and rhombic dodecahedron unit cells made of stainless steel 17-4PH (AISI-630) were printed using different combinations of SLM process parameters. Each structure was analysed considering its geometrical, topological and mechanical properties. Finally, the best parameter combination was evaluated comparing results achieved. Although this work investigated the 17-4PH stainless steel, physical principles related to the printing process described are generally true for the SLM process. Therefore, the adopted approach could still be suitable also for all the other materials commonly used with this AM technology.
Bonding integrity of hybrid 18Ni300-17-4 PH steel using the laser powder bed fusion process for the fabrication of plastic injection mould inserts
Authors: Chan Yuk Lun Simon , Diegel Olaf , Xu Xun
Published: March 2022

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a metal additive manufacturing (AM) process for fabricating high-performance functional parts and tools in various metallic alloys, such as titanium, aluminium and tool steels. One specific AM application is fabricating conformal cooling channels (CCC) in plastic injection moulding tool inserts to improve cooling efficiency. This article reports the development of a novel hybrid powder-wrought alloy steel combination intended for injection mould inserts use. In this investigation, cylindrical parts made of 18Ni300 steel powder and wrought 17-4 PH steel were additively fabricated using a hybrid-build LPBF AM technique, followed by various post-build heat treatments. Standard mechanical and microstructural techniques were employed to examine the bonded powder-substrate interface. Microstructure analysis revealed defect-free, fully dense, homogenous powder-substrate fusion across a 280-µm-thick region. Tensile tests confirmed strong powder-substrate bonding due to solid solution strengthening within the region. All tensile fractures were ductile under all heat treatment conditions and occurred about 8 mm from the interface, at the side where the materials were of lower strength. The hybrid-built parts exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 1009–1329 MPa, with 16.1–17.4% elongation at fracture. Hardness values on the AM-deposited and substrate sides were 31–55 HRC and 32–43 HRC, respectively. A direct post-build 490 °C/1 h age-hardening treatment achieved the best combination of hardness, tensile strength and ductility. The overall result demonstrates that hybrid-built powder 18Ni300-wrought 17-4 PH steel can be a material choice for manufacturing durable and high-performance injection mould inserts for high-volume production.
Changes in the lipid profile of hamster liver after Schistosoma mansoni infection, characterized by mass spectrometry imaging and LC–MS/MS analysis
Authors: Wiedemann Katja R. , Peter Ventura Alejandra , Gerbig Stefanie , Roderfeld Martin , Quack Thomas , Grevelding Christoph G. , Roeb Elke , Spengler Bernhard
Published: March 2022

Schistosomiasis, caused by the human parasiteSchistosoma mansoni, is one of the WHO-listed neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), and it has severe impact on morbidity and mortality, especially in Africa. Not only the adult worms but also their eggs are responsible for health problems. Up to 50% of the eggs produced by the female worms are not excreted with the feces but are trapped in the host tissue, such as the liver, where they provoke immune responses and a change in the lipid profile. We built up a database with 372 infection markers found in livers ofS. mansoni-infected hamsters, using LC–MS/MS for identification, followed by statistical analysis. Most of them belong to the lipid classes of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and triglycerides (TGs). We assigned some of these markers to specific anatomical structures by applying high-resolution MALDI MSI to cryosections of hamster liver and generating ion images based on the marker list from the LC–MS/MS experiments. Furthermore, enrichment and depletion of several markers were visualized.

Graphic Abstract
Nachhaltige Steigerung der Aktivität durch Rehabilitation
Authors: Reuß-Borst Monika , Boschmann Johannes , Borst Fabian
Published: March 2022

Patienten mit muskuloskeletalen Erkrankungen sind deutlich weniger körperlich aktiv als Gesunde. Sie können von einer Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität und einer nachhaltigen Veränderung des Lebensstils in vielerlei Hinsicht profitieren, wozu eine stationäre Rehabilitation in erheblichem Maße beitragen kann. In dieser prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie (Prä-Post-Design) wurden körperliche Aktivität (mit dem Freiburger Fragebogen zur körperlichen Aktivität) und Depressivität (mit dem Beck-Depressions-Inventar [BDI]) bei 202 Rehabilitanden (124 weiblich, 77 männlich) mit muskuloskeletalen Erkrankungen (ICD-Diagnosen M) zu verschiedenen Katamnesezeitpunkten (zu Beginn der Reha, nach 3, 6, 9 und 12 Monaten) erhoben. Die Aktivitätssteigerung wurde in Abhängigkeit vom Ausgangslevel und der Depressivität analysiert. Drei Monate nach Rehabilitation lag das Aktivitätsniveau 47,8 % über dem Ausgangsniveau, was einer Steigerung der Medianaktivität von 5 auf 7,2 h pro Woche entspricht; 78,6 % der Teilnehmer zeigten nach 3 Monaten eine positive Differenz zum Ausgangsniveau. Der BDI-Score nahm im Mittel bei Durchführung der Rehabilitationsmaßnahme ab; eine Korrelation zwischen Abnahme des Scores und Zunahme der körperlichen Aktivität konnte nicht gezeigt werden. Durch eine 1‑malige Intervention (3-wöchige Rehabilitation) gelang eine Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität über 12 Monate, wobei die Höhe der Aktivitätssteigerung nicht mit dem Ausgangslevel korreliert war, sodass auch bislang inaktive Patienten von der Reha profitierten.
Evaluation of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms (ApaI and TaqI) as risk factors of vitiligo and predictors of response to narrowband UVB phototherapy
Authors: Youssef Youssef Elbayoumy , Eldegla Heba Elsayed Abdelmoneim , Elmekkawy Rana Samir Mahmoud , Gaballah Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2022

Vitiligo is acquired depigmentation due to multiple factors. Vitamin D in skin, through its receptors (VDR), regulates cell growth, differentiation, immune response and exerts both stimulatory and protective effects on melanocytes. The gene sequence encoding VDR has polymorphic forms such as ApaI and TaqI that may affect vitamin D actions. Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy became the mainstay of vitiligo treatment because of its efficacy and little side effects. The current work aimed at evaluating the possible association between VDR gene polymorphisms (TaqI and ApaI) and susceptibility of vitiligo and if they could be predictors of response to NB-UVB phototherapy in Egyptian vitiligo patients. 100 vitiligo patients indicated for NB-UVB phototherapy and 100 healthy age and sex matched controls were included. All participants were subjected to history taking, general and dermatological examinations, and VDR ApaI and TaqI gene polymorphisms analysis by PCR–RFLP. The patients received NB-UVB 3times per week for 6 months then revaluated. There was significant increase in Aa genotype of ApaI polymorphism in patients associated with significant increase in vitiligo activity. 66% of patient showed variable degrees of response to NB-UVB. The responders significantly had AA genotype of ApaI polymorphism. TaqI polymorphism showed nonsignificant effects on vitiligo susceptibility and response to NB-UVB. A allele of ApaI was significant independent predictor of NB-UVB phototherapy responders. VDR gene polymorphism (ApaI) may share in vitiligo pathogenesis and response to NB-UVB. Knowing the genetic background of the patient helps individualization of treatment to get better results.
Symptom burden and health-related quality of life six months after hyperbaric oxygen therapy in cancer survivors with pelvic radiation injuries
Authors: Velure Grete K. , Müller Bernd , Hauken May Aa.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Late radiation tissue injuries (LRTIs) after treatment for pelvic cancer may impair health related quality of life (HRQoL). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an adjuvant therapy for LRTIs, but limited studied. The aim of this study was to explore the development and association between symptoms of LRTI and HRQoL following hyperbaric oxygen treatment.

Methods

A pretest–posttest design was used to evaluate the changes in pelvic LRTIs and HRQoL from baseline (T1), immediately after treatment (T2) and at six-month follow-up (T3). EPIC and EORTC-QLQ-C30 were used to assess LRTIs and HRQoL. Changes were analysed with t-tests, and associations with Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses.

Results

Ninety-five participants (mean age 65 years, 52.6% men) were included. Scores for urinary and bowel symptoms, overall HRQoL, all function scales and the symptoms scales sleep, diarrhoea, pain and fatigue were significantly improved six months after treatment (P-range = 0.00–0.04). Changes were present already at T2 and maintained or further improved to T3. Only a weak significant correlation between changes in symptoms and overall HRQoL was found (Pearson r-range 0.20–0.27).

Conclusion

The results indicate improvement of pelvic LRTIs and HRQoL following hyperbaric oxygen therapy, corresponding to minimal or moderate important changes. Cancer survivors with pelvic LRTIs and impaired HRQoL may benefit from undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Especially the reduced symptom-severity and improved social- and role function can influence daily living positively.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03570229. Released 2. May 2018.
Magma hybridization and crystallization in coexisting gabbroic and granitic bodies in the mid-crust, Akechi district, central Japan
Authors: Yamasaki Toru
Published: March 2022

Petrological and geochemical features of gabbros and fine-grained mafic rocks (mafic microgranular enclaves; MMEs) in the Inagawa Granite of the Ryoke Plutonic Complex were investigated to assess the interactions between coexisting mafic and silicic magmas, and the petrogenetic relationships between the MMEs and surrounding gabbros. The MMEs exhibit mingling textures that imply the coexistence of mafic and silicic magmas that did not undergo complete mixing, but the geochemical compositions of the MMEs require substantial hybridization and homogenization. The gabbroic rocks exhibit disequilibrium textures and mineral compositions, such as quartz–hornblende ocellar textures and patchy plagioclase crystals with bimodal anorthite contents. These textures and compositions record an abrupt decrease in crystallization temperature and mechanical mixing between crystallizing gabbroic mush and silicic (granitic) melt. Geochemical variations of the gabbroic rocks can be explained by hybridization and fractional crystallization (HFC) processes between crystallizing gabbroic mush and granitic melt. Extrapolation of the mixing trend to a basaltic composition suggests that the primitive mafic end-member was a low-K basaltic magma. Given that HFC yields magnesian andesite by the addition of a small amount of silicic melt to a primitive mafic end-member, the compositional modification of mafic magmas by magma mixing might be an essential process in the formation of andesitic magma in arc crust.
Clinical performance of resin-matrix ceramic partial coverage restorations: a systematic review
Authors: Fathy Hanan , Hamama Hamdi H. , El-Wassefy Noha , Mahmoud Salah H.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To evaluate clinical performance of the new CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics and compare it with ceramic partial coverage restorations.

Materials and methods

An electronic search of 3 databases (The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was conducted. English clinical studies published between 2005 and September 2020 that evaluated the clinical performance of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics inlays, onlays, or overlays were selected. The primary clinical question was applied according to PICOS strategy (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design). The included studies were individually evaluated for risk of bias according to the modified Cochrane Collaboration tool criteria.

Results

A total of 7 studies were included according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the included studies, 6 were randomized clinical trials while one study was longitudinal observational study without control group. According to the results of the included studies, the success rate of CAD/CAM resin-based composite ranged from 85.7 to 100% whereas the success rate reported for ceramic partial coverage restorations ranged from 93.3 to 100%. Fractures and debondings are found to be the most common cause of restorations failure.

Conclusion

CAD/CAM resin-based composite can be considered a reliable material for partial coverage restorations with clinical performance similar to glass ceramic restorations. However, this result needs to be confirmed in long-term evaluations.

Clinical relevance

CAD/CAM resin-based composites provide a potential alternative to ceramic indirect restorations. However, clinicians must be aware of the lake of knowledge regarding long-term outcome.
Three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry in Class III subjects. Part 1: a retrospective study evaluating postsurgical outcomes
Authors: Ajmera Deepal Haresh , Hsung Richard Tai-Chiu , Singh Pradeep , Wong Natalie Sui Miu , Yeung Andy Wai Kan , Lam Walter Yu Hang , Khambay Balvinder S. , Leung Yiu Yan , Gu Min
Published: March 2022

Objective

The present study aimed to determine the site and severity of maxillomandibular asymmetry before and after orthognathic surgery in asymmetric patients.

Materials and methods

Presurgery and postsurgery cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 21 facial asymmetry patients (7 males and 14 females, mean age: 23.0 ± 3.36 years) with soft tissue chin deviation ≥ 3 mm who had undergone bimaxillary surgery were evaluated. Seven midline and twenty bilateral hard tissue landmarks were identified for the evaluation of facial asymmetry and outcomes were assessed against age- and gender-matched control subjects.

Results

In the asymmetry group, bilateral landmarks exhibited significant deviation in the mandible and midface regions. Before surgery, asymmetry was more severe at the mandibular midline and sites close to it, in the asymmetry group. Bimaxillary surgery proved to be highly effective, with a significant correction of the menton to a clinically normal value (2.90 mm, p < 0.001). After surgery, significant residual asymmetry was observed at the mental foramen (p = 0.001) in the R-L direction. Moreover, significant asymmetry persisted at the sigmoid notch (p = 0.001) in the S-I direction.

Conclusions

Mandibular midline landmarks and chin peripheral regions contribute significantly to overall facial asymmetry characteristics. Despite significant correction after bimaxillary surgery, asymmetry persisted at several sites, thereby requiring secondary correction. Comprehensive 3D presurgical planning is central for asymmetry correction in a single surgery.

Clinical relevance

The present study specifies the location of residual asymmetry sites and advocates the correction of those sites during initial surgery.
Lightlike and ideal tetrahedra
Authors: Meusburger Catherine , Scarinci Carlos
Published: March 2022

We give a unified description of tetrahedra with lightlike faces in 3d anti-de Sitter, de Sitter and Minkowski spaces and of their duals in 3d anti-de Sitter, hyperbolic and half-pipe spaces. We show that both types of tetrahedra are determined by a generalized cross-ratio with values in a commutative 2d real algebra that generalizes the complex numbers. Equivalently, tetrahedra with lightlike faces are determined by a pair of edge lengths and their duals by a pair of dihedral angles. We prove that the dual tetrahedra are precisely the generalized ideal tetrahedra introduced by Danciger. Finally, we compute the volumes of both types of tetrahedra as functions of their edge lengths or dihedral angles, obtaining generalizations of the Milnor–Lobachevsky volume formula of ideal hyperbolic tetrahedra.
Why does thermomagnetic resonance affect cancer growth? A non-equilibrium thermophysical approach
Authors: Grisolia Giulia , Lucia Umberto
Published: March 2022

Recently, the low frequency thermomagnetic effects on cancer cells have been analysed, both theoretically and experimentally. They have been explained by introducing an equilibrium thermodynamic approach. But, in this context, two related open problems have been highlighted: (1) Does there exist a magnetic interaction or do there exist any other processes? (2) Do there exist also thermal effects? Here, we introduce a non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach in order to address an answer to these questions. The results obtained point out that: (a) the effect produced by the electromagnetic wave is just a consequence of the interaction of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic wave with the biological matter; (b) the interaction of the electromagnetic wave causes also thermal effects, but related to heat transfer, even if there have been applied low frequency electromagnetic waves; (c) the presence of the magnetic field generates a symmetry breaking in the Onsager’s coefficients, with a related perturbation of the cancer stationary state.
The effects of a restorative justice programme (Halt) on educational outcomes and recidivism of young people
Authors: Vooren Melvin , Rud Iryna , Cornelisz Ilja , Van Klaveren Chris , Groot Wim , Maassen van den Brink Henriëtte
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study examines the effects of a restorative justice programme in the Netherlands on educational outcomes and repeated delinquent behaviour of young people who have committed a criminal offence.

Methods

We use data from a field experiment, in which the participants are randomly assigned to a restorative justice programme. We link the data from the field experiment to longitudinal administrative data on education and criminal records and correct for selective attrition by implementing an instrumental variable approach.

Results

The results show that participation in the restorative justice programme increases the probability of recidivism one year after the programme by 39.3 percent from a base rate of 17.1 percent and decreases tertiary educational attainment by 29.1 percent from a base rate of 30.9 percent.

Conclusions

Altogether, the results of this study suggest that despite the design backed by criminological and sociological theory, a restorative punishment from the Halt programme does not succeed in reducing criminal involvement and improving the educational outcomes.
The association of circadian parameters and the clustering of fatigue, depression, and sleep problems in breast cancer survivors: a latent class analysis
Authors: de Rooij Belle H. , Ramsey Imogen , Clouth Felix J. , Corsini Nadia , Heyworth Jane S. , Lynch Brigid M. , Vallance Jeff K. , Boyle Terry
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Circadian rhythms control a wide range of physiological processes and may be associated with fatigue, depression, and sleep problems. We aimed to identify subgroups of breast cancer survivors based on symptoms of fatigue, insomnia, and depression; and assess whether circadian parameters (i.e., chronotype, amplitude, and stability) were associated with these subgroups over time.

Methods

Among breast cancer survivors, usual circadian parameters were assessed at 3–4 months after diagnosis (T0), and symptoms of fatigue, depression, and insomnia were assessed after 2–3 years (T1, N = 265) and 6–8 years (T2, N = 169). We applied latent class analysis to classify survivors in unobserved groups (“classes”) based on symptoms at T1. The impact of each of the circadian parameters on class allocation was assessed using multinomial logistic regression analysis, and changes in class allocation from T1 to T2 using latent transition models.

Results

We identified 3 latent classes of symptom burden: low (38%), moderate (41%), and high (21%). Survivors with a late chronotype (“evening types”) or low circadian amplitude (“languid types”) were more likely to have moderate or high symptom burden compared to “morning types” and “vigorous types,” respectively. The majority of survivors with moderate (59%) or high (64%) symptom burden at T1 had persistent symptom burden at T2.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

A late chronotype and lower circadian amplitude after breast cancer diagnosis were associated with greater symptoms of fatigue, depression, and insomnia at follow-up. These circadian parameters may potentially be novel targets in interventions aimed at alleviating symptom burden among breast cancer survivors.
ADSC-Exosomes Alleviate MTX-induced Rat Neuronal Damage by Activating Nrf2-ARE Pathway
Authors: Huang Tingting , Tong Hongfei , Zhou Haixia , Wang Juxiang , Hu Linglong , Wang Yao , Huang Zhen
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and underlying mechanism of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosome (ADSC-exosomes)–mediated protection on methotrexate (MTX)–induced neuronal damage. We established a H2O2­induced oxidative stress model in vitro, as well as an MTX-induced neuronal damage rat model in vivo. We analyzed the effects of ADSC-exosomes on neuronal damage and Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in rats and related mechanisms. The morphological and functional recovery of rat hippocampal neurons by ADSC-exosomes was examined by Nissl staining and modified neurological severity score (mNSS) score. The activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway effectively inhibited H2O2-induced oxidative stress. ADSC-exosomes treatment restored the activity of hippocampal neuronal cells, reduced ROS production, and inhibited hippocampal neuronal cells apoptosis. In in vivo experiments, ADSC­exosomes ameliorates MTX-induced hippocampal neuron damage by triggering Nrf2­ARE pathway, decreasing IL-6, IFN-, and TNF-a levels and TUNEL positive cells in hippocampus, and repairing hippocampal neuronal cell damage. ADSC­exosomes ameliorated MTX-induced neuronal damage and suppressed oxidative stress induced by neuronal damage through the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.
Ecotourism risk assessment in Yaoluoping Nature Reserve, Anhui, China based on GIS
Authors: Tang Xuehai , Wu Yanping , Ye Jun , Lv Haiyan , Sun Feixia , Huang Qingfeng
Published: March 2022

As tourism development and human disturbance increase, they have been affecting the functional structure distribution, sustainable utilization of resources, and ecological benefits of nature reserves. At the same time, ecological risk has increased significantly. This study proposes ecotourism development patterns for risk areas at each level, to provide a basis for stabilizing and promoting the ecological sustainable development of nature reserves. Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve in China is used as a study case. Based on GaoFen-2 satellite data within the reserve area in 2017, ENVI, Fragstats and ArcGIS10.2 are used for land use classification as well as evaluation indicators selection and analysis. The ecotourism risk assessment model of the reserve is constructed, which is also imbedded with analytic hierarchy process and Ecological Risk Index. The model consists of landscape ecology, topographic hydrology, land use and human activities factors, and it can produce the distribution map at the ecotourism risk level of the reserve. Results show that the high ecotourism risk areas in the reserve are mainly located around rivers and roads, and they are distributed in strips. Overall, the ecotourism risk level in the northern part of the reserve is higher than that in the southern part. Nearly 90% of the regional ecotourism risk is at the middle or low level, implying the reserve in a healthy level overall. However, except for low-risk areas, the proportion of risk areas at all levels in the core zone is higher than that in the buffer zone.
User-Focused Monitoring as a Strategy for Involvement and Mental Health Service Development: An Analysis of Swedish Monitoring Reports
Authors: Näslund Hilda , Grim Katarina , Markström Urban
Published: March 2022

User-focused monitoring (UFM) is a method of evaluating mental health services, conducted by people with lived experience of mental ill health. Research on UFM and on user involvement focused on service monitoring and evaluation is lacking. This study addresses this knowledge gap by examining UFM as a strategy for user involvement. More specifically, this study aims to synthesize patterns in UFM reports to characterize the phenomenon, as well as to further discuss negotiation processes and political opportunities in UFM. The empirical material consists of 136 Swedish UFM reports that have been analyzed in two steps: All reports were mapped according to general characteristics and a sample of 20 reports were selected to provide additional information on the method. This study has been conducted in collaboration with actors representing the user movement and municipality-based mental health services. Our analysis shows that long-term contracts between user organizations and service providers are important to create a sustainable implementation of UFM. However, strategies to protect user autonomy must be carefully considered and employed in relation to such collaborations. We further highlight the risks of a restricted focus on consumer satisfaction, and discuss the current development towards including follow-ups in the UFM process as a strategy for counteracting tokenism.
Innovation, income, and waste disposal operations in Korea: evidence from a spectral granger causality analysis and artificial neural networks experiments
Authors: Mele Marco , Magazzino Cosimo , Schneider Nicolas , Gurrieri Antonia Rosa , Golpira Hêriş
Published: March 2022

The aim of this paper is to assess the causal relationship among innovation in environment-related technologies, per capita income, and three major waste disposal operations (landfill, recycling, and incineration) for Korea. A time-series analysis over the frequency domain (Breitung–Candelon Spectral Granger causality) is applied, followed by Artificial Neural Networks experiments over the 1985–2016 period. Empirical results highlight that economic growth is tightly linked both to the growth of recycled waste and to the increase of environment-related innovations. Findings also highlight that waste recycling operations can spur the level of economic activity.
Target residence of Cas9: challenges and opportunities in genome editing
Authors: Feng Yi-Li , Wang Meng , Xie An-Yong
Published: March 2022

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a latest success in biotechnology that repurposes a natural biological system for a practical tool in genetic engineering. Site-specific DNA double strand breaks (DSB) induced by the CRISPR nuclease Cas9 allows endogenous cellular repair apparatus to generate desired repair products. Residence of Cas9 on cleaved DNA conceals the DNA ends from recognition by response and repair apparatus, delaying DNA damage response (DDR) and repair. Thus, tight-binding and long residence of Cas9 on DNA target are proposed as a new determinant of DSB repair pathway choice and may collaborate with other endogenous pathway choice regulators to control DSB repair. Accordingly, harnessing the binding and resident behavior of Cas9 not only broadens the application of CRISPR/dCas9 platform, which at least in part depends upon the tight binding and long residence of dCas9, but also minimizes the undesired outcomes of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.