bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data analysis in the fire safety system of rail transportation and dumping of municipal solid waste
Authors: Koroleva L A , Khaidarov A G , Ivakhnuk G K , Brusyanin D V
Published: May 2021

The problems concerning the municipal solid waste (MSW) management have been discussed. A particular attention has been payed to the fire safety solutions. An original system of the MSW flammability classification that is based on the exergetic coefficient was introduced. The advantages of the application of this system to the MSW railway transportation and burial have been discussed. To implement the exergy approach, a data mining system has been developed. The input data includes the following characteristics: separate waste collection, the waste morphological composition; the location, capacity, inclination, a load level, and the number of the waste containers; the MSW temperature, the explosive gases concentrations, and other parameters. The analysis of data obtained with the waste management system allows us to optimize processes for the waste collection, transportation, and burial. This approach is proved to optimize the waste transportation and stocking, and improve the fire safety. This article provides the best practices for landfilling and burying MSW for Siberia.
Intellectual diagnosis components of electrical equipment in the sphere of transportation
Authors: Dunaev M P , Dunaev A M , Dunaeva Y O , Arshinskiy L V
Published: May 2021

Ensuring the reliability of the electrical equipment in transport means a necessity of its inspection and diagnosis. Frequency convertors are part of this equipment. The article is focused on creation of the optimal logical algorithm for frequency convertors diagnosis. The algorithm determines the most effective knowledge base structure of the diagnostic expert system. The algorithm is developed, the knowledge base structure is constructed in accordance with the proposed algorithm, and the diagnostic expert system used is implemented. Correctness and effectiveness of the expert system functioning are confirmed in practice.
Requirements for a digital twin of the bulldozer work tool
Authors: Leskovets I V
Published: May 2021

The paper presents a brief description of the bulldozer as a widely used machine for earthworks. The method for determining resistive forces to digging is analyzed based on the theory of layer-by-layer excavation works. The relationship for determining the area of the longitudinal section of the dragging prism is presented, and on its basis the productivity is further calculated. The characteristics of forces resistive to digging are constructed with the accepted parameters of the blade and soil for different angles of blade setting. The criterion for determining the efficiency of earthmoving operations is presented, which was developed on the basis of unit costs. It is stated that excavation works are performed effectively at a certain angle of blade setting. Requirements for a digital twin of the bulldozer work tool, which is designed to improve the efficiency of its operation, have been developed.
Development of mathematical models of the relationship between the main parameters of a container depot
Authors: Ilesaliev D I , Azimov F K , Ibragimova G R , Svetasheva N F , Abduvaxitov SH R , Tursunov Z SH
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the article is to develop a method for reliably determining the most rational values of container depot parameters, thereby improving and increasing the level of customer service for transport in general. Research methods are based on a system analysis and generalization of existing methods and methods for calculating the capacity of container terminals. The results of the study are the technique of determining the capacity of the warehouses in railway transport, ensuring more qualified calculation and selection of parameters of the container depot, as well as reducing erroneous design decisions and improving the reliability of development projects and improvement of the transport network as a whole.
Influence of anomalous truth values on logical inference in VTF-logics as a basis for verification of rule-based systems
Authors: Arshinskiy L V , Arshinskiy V L , Dunaev M P , Nitezhuk M S
Published: May 2021

The paper is devoted to the problem of expert systems knowledge bases verification. The methodological basis of verification is logics with vector semantics in the VTF-logics form. The knowledge model is a rule-based system. The issues of algorithmization of contradictions and other problems detection are considered in the paper. Algorithmization is based on the characteristic features of in VTF-logics inference. It is shown that in the formalism under consideration, the anomalous truth of a small premise generates the same conclusion (a large premise is considered strictly true). Anomalies such as falsity, uncertainty, and contradiction are considered. The problems of reducing the computational complexity of algorithms are considered.
Potential of the railways of the multimodal transport network of the Eastern Siberia and Far East of Russia
Authors: Anisimov V A , Bogdanova L A , Morozova O S , Shkurnikov S V , Nesterova N S
Published: May 2021

The article notes the urgency of the problem of the formation and development of the regional multimodal transport network of Eastern Siberia and the Far East of Russia as a set of multimodal transport corridors. The enlarged functional structure of the design methodology for the integrated development of a multimodal transport network is presented. Using this methodology, the authors formulated the problem of designing the development of a regional multimodal transport network in Eastern Siberia and the Far East of Russia, gave a description of the proposed version of its appearance and the possible throughput of existing and new railways in the region under study. The options for the possible carrying capacity of the railway links of the network presented in the article represent an assessment of the potential of multimodal transport corridors, which is used to determine the options for the required traffic volumes along the network facilities.
A method that improves the safety states of technical means of control and management
Authors: Gromyshova S , Gozbenko V
Published: May 2021

The main focal points of improving the traffic safety management system are as follows. First, one must coordinate the interaction among all functional branches, their structural divisions and subsidiaries involved in the transportation process, based on common approaches to managing processes related to traffic safety. Second, one should implement the approaches and requirements that are congruent with international standards; to maintain a positive level of traffic safety culture through awareness of the importance and social responsibility of the holding employees when performing work that affects traffic safety, with simultaneous integration of mandatory and strict rules of conduct in all production processes. Third, one is to improve the regulatory framework. Train traffic safety is ensured at all stages of the life cycle of rolling stock, traffic support systems and infrastructure elements. Nevertheless, failures and malfunctions are detected during the operation. This article presents one of the methods for increasing the train traffic safety in the automation and telemechanics system.
Formation of algorithm of automatic parametric optimization of PI controller with variable parameters while using Internal Model Control
Authors: Kulikov V V , Kutsyi A P , Kutsyi N N
Published: May 2021

Known by its advantages, a proportional-integral controller (henceforth – a PI controller) with variable or switchable parameters, related to a class of controllers with a variable structure ((henceforth – variable structure controllers, VSC) that do not use a sliding mode, is applied to control an object in the automatic system with a sufficient delay, reducing the performance quality of standard controllers (integral, proportionally integral, proportionally integral differential). The specifics of building this controller makes it more difficult to use analytical approaches to the parametric optimization of the system, which defines the use of algorithmic methods. The present work uses a gradient algorithm, in which the gradient constituents are calculated with the help of sensitivity functions with their definite advantages. To obtain initial values of VSC adjustable parameters, an adjustment method of a standard PI controller based on the internal model controller (IMC) is used. The gradient algorithm of an automatic parametric optimization (henceforth – an APO algorithm) has calculated optimal parameters of VSC starting from the closeness of the output coordinate of the object to the reference process with a minimum of the integral quadratic criterion. The correctness of the calculated vector of the controller adjustment by the formed APO algorithm is confirmed by necessary and sufficient extremum conditions of the chosen optimization criterion.
Detailing the impact structure of the participants of the complex transport service
Authors: Zubkov V V
Published: May 2021

During the reforms underway in the railway industry, the consolidation of companies and vehicles, the formation of new models of transportation services is achieved through the creation and implementation of integrated high-tech information systems. In this case, a holistic approach to the effective management of the production system should determine the extent of their responsibility. The article illustrates the main aspects of quality management of customer service as one of the key factors of transportation company efficiency in the segment of freight transportation. The procedure of quality estimation of the transportation service is presented in the Target model of the complex transport service by each of its parties in the different transportation categories. Specification of the impact structure of the parties of the complex transport service on its quality level through calculation of a responsibility ratio has been made.
A technique of synthesis of unmanned aircraft control algorithms of a flat-symmetric scheme on the basis of the method of inverse problems of dynamics
Authors: Sizykh V N , Daneev A V , Bakanov M V , Daneev R A
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the development of non-traditional adaptive control systems for such a type of vehicle as an unmanned aerial vehicle based on the concepts of inverse problems of dynamics, adjacent to the class of absolutely stable dynamic systems. The paper proposes to use the idea of dividing spatial motion into isolated longitudinal and lateral motion (horizontal decomposition) to solve the problem of developing mathematical and information support for the trajectory control loop of unmanned aerial vehicles (AC), to synthesize a control algorithm by the method of inverse dynamics problems (OZD) and obtain analytical solution of the reference model. The relatively small tail surfaces of the unmanned aircraft lead to an insignificant mutual influence of the parameters in the longitudinal and lateral channels during the spatial movement of the aircraft, which makes it possible to accept the longitudinal and lateral channels of the aircraft movement as autonomous. The algorithm presented in the work can be considered as the mathematical support of the trajectory control loop of an unmanned aircraft. Based on the formulas given in the work, as well as mathematical dependencies that determine the optimization of the trajectory contour, a functional diagram can be built that determines the architectural appearance of a promising automatic control system for unmanned aircrafts.
Simulation of conditions for the occurrence and elimination of asynchronous mode in the power supply system
Authors: Afanasyev A P
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the phenomenon of a two-frequency asynchronous mode as the most typical and common in power systems. The analysis of methods of registration and elimination of the asynchronous mode and a description of their principles of operation of these methods are carried out. The conditions for the occurrence of an asynchronous mode are considered and analyzed, the main signs of the transition of an electrical network to an asynchronous mode are highlighted. On the basis of the RUSTab software package, an experiment was modeled that simulates the asynchronous mode and synchronous oscillations in the network section included in the IES of the East. The critical values of the parameters of the elements of the experimental network are estimated. The composition and parameters of the control action have been determined, which makes it possible to exclude the asynchronous mode without changing the network topology. The results obtained show the efficiency of using asynchronous mode methods based on the constructed model.
Checking the operation parameters of the traction power supply system with a long-term train schedule on the rated section of the railway line
Authors: Suslov K V , Akhmetshin A R , Astashkov N P , Olentsevich V A , Shtayger M G , Karlina A I
Published: May 2021

The handling of trains of increased weight and length, consisting of rolling stock with an axle load of 25 tons, and up to 27 – 29 tons in the future, is a difficult technical and economic task facing Russian Railways OAO today. A heavy train cannot be slowed down often, much less stopped, since this leads to a significant loss of energy. In the article, the authors considered the issue of strengthening the traction power supply system on the rated section of the railway line of the Eastern polygon in connection with an increase in the amount of cargo turnover by 2025. Based on the results of the traction calculation, the predicted values of the indicators were obtained. They are the total travel time of the train along the section of the railway line, the free running time of the train, the consumption of active and total electricity, the specific consumption of active and total electricity for each inter-substation zone of the railway line section. The operation parameters of the traction power supply system with a long-term train schedule on the rated section of the railway line are determined. The research results obtained by the authors made it possible to determine the limiting sections and objects of transport infrastructure for the handling of heavy-haul and long freight trains on the rated direction.
Calculation of operating modes of the traction power network system and the capacity of the 27.5 kV railway line section systems for batch train schedules
Authors: Suslov K V , Zatsarinnaya Yu N , Logacheva A G , Olentsevich V A , Karlina A I , Shtayger M G
Published: May 2021

Taking into account the relatively low profitability of railway transport, need of high capital intensity and the same infrastructure payback period, obviously the implementation of such large-scale projects is a difficult task. Therefore, the railway industry relies heavily on new modern technological processes of train traffic organization on the basis of the existing infrastructure or its partial modernization. The freight trains connection technology via virtual coupling will allow you to dynamically change the number and composition of trains that are part of a combined group, eliminate the inherent problems of the connected trains. But most important is that it creates a capacity reserve due to compaction of the train schedule, if there are no restrictions in the traction power network. By the example of the train schedule organization of the Mariinsk – Achinsk railway line section, the authors of this article analyzed the operating modes and capacity of the 27.5 kV system for a batch train schedule. The results show that connected trains require a longer minimum inter-train interval to restore the traction network. With the same inter-train interval for two trains’ types, the main operating mode characteristics of trains with a virtual coupling are better than those for connected trains. Using freight trains in a virtual coupling allows you to reduce the inter-train interval about 1.5-2 times.
Approaches to solving the resource supply problem of the railway company based on intellectual data analysis
Authors: Baryshnikova O V , Kukartsev V V , Ivanenko V V , Kernitskii V N , Gek D K , Rogova D V
Published: May 2021

The purchase of trade establishments is an important and complex process, on which companies spend a lot of resources in order to get the maximum benefit. There are many well-established methods for making a forecast of the required number of goods, but none of them can guarantee an accurate result, because in the matter of forecasting, there cannot be a method that produces a result with 100% accuracy. The object of our research is the process of creating a purchase forecast for trade enterprises. The subject is the analysis of the quality of the purchase forecast for retail outlets. To determine the quality of the purchase forecast of the retail outlets, it is necessary to understand how the purchasing process takes place, as well as highlight the factors that affect the forecast quality.
Intelligent automation system of the railway company’s purchasing activity based on artificial neural networks
Authors: Gek D K , Kukartsev V V , Markevich I V , Shalaeva D S , Yadrov A S , Rogova D V
Published: May 2021

A person is responsible for quality control of the purchase forecast of commercial enterprises, which entails a number of certain consequences. In this regard, we decided to create an intelligent system that will determine the quality of the forecast. Such a system will be a human assistant in deciding on the quality of the forecast. The system will also be able, if necessary, to indicate the necessary adjustments for its forecasting method. As part of this work, a software product will be created that will determine the quality of the created trade procurement plan, and, if necessary, help the user adjust the forecasting method used by the outlet. The aim of the work is to create an intelligent procurement system that will generate its forecast using a neural network, and then determine the forecast error using XYZ analysis.
An intelligent approach for creation of control systems for road sections with pedestrian crossings
Authors: Tynchenko V S , Bondarev A S , Apanasenko S V , Rogova D V , Yadrov A S , Moskvin S A
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the development of a system for recognizing people at a pedestrian crossing. Such recognition system includes a trained classifier and two sets of images taken from an open database containing images of city streets from outdoor cameras. Some shortcomings that can be easily solved with the help of the developed recognition system are analyzed. We also studied common methods of detection, for example, the Viola-Jones method, and their advantages in the operation of the system. A comparison of all the considered methods is carried out and the most suitable one for the set goal is selected and the method of constructing a classifier is described separately. This system is becoming more and more relevant with the development of the technological capabilities of urban life and improves its quality due to its smooth operation and good performance indicators.
Use of the multi-factor regression model for temperature control in structurally isolated rooms of the railway stations
Authors: Tynchenko V S , Markevich I V , Ogol A R , Baryshnikova O V , Rogova D V , Kotova O N
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis and construction of a multivariate regression model. The mode of operation of generalized heat points is considered. The positive and negative aspects of using heat points to maintain the temperature at the desired level have been identified. The analysis of the multivariate model is carried out. The input data for the generated model has been defined. The factors that affect the temperature in structurally isolated rooms have been identified. A multifactorial regression model of temperature control in heated rooms has been built, with the help of which it is possible to determine how much heat needs to be supplied to a particular structurally isolated room, which will allow more efficient use of resources to maintain the temperature at the required level.
Confinement creates a 9 GPa ambience: emergence of cristobalite phases in a silica film
Authors: Pramanik Subrata , Ghosh Jiten , Chanda Dipak Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Mrinmay Kumar , Datta Alokmay
Published: May 2021

We present here the results of the x-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis of x-rays (EDAX), x-ray Reflectivity (XRR), Secondary Ion Mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and x-ray Diffraction (XRD) studies of silica films spin-coated from a Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) precursor on native and hydrophilized Al substrates. It is observed that the substrates are mainly porous (porosity ∼ 33%) AlO(OH), there is a diffuse interlayer of highly porous (porosity ∼ 90%) AlO(OH), essentially a modification of the substrate, and a top layer of silica composed of nanocrystals with in-plane dimensions of 100–300 nm and thickness of 2.5 nm with a sharply defined silica-hydrated alumina interface. The silica nanocrystals were found in the metastable high pressure cristobalite phases with the tetragonal or α-phase co-existing in its low (0.77 GPa) and high (9 GPa) pressure structures. This indicates a high normal stress developed from the confinement and provides a basis for the quantitative assessment of the confinement force, which comes out to be higher in value than the van der Waals force but weaker than the Hydrogen bonding force.
High-temperature compressive behavior and kinetics analysis of Al0.4MnCrCoFeNi high entropy alloy
Authors: Kaypour Hamed , Nategh Said , Gholamipour Reza , Khodabandeh Alireza
Published: May 2021

In the present study, AlxMnCrCoFeNi alloys (x = 0, 0.4) were produced by vacuum melting and casting. For this aim, ingots were subjected to the homogenization, cold roll, and annealing. X-ray diffraction analysis and SEM images indicated that the crystal structure is FCC solid solution for MnCrCoFeNi. Moreover, in addition to FCC solid solution, the alloy with aluminum (x = 0.4) ordered B2 precipitates. Besides, hot compressive tests were conducted at different temperatures and strain rates of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1/s. Investigating the stress-strain diagrams and work hardening rate, it was revealed that twins played a role in the deformation mechanism. In the constitutive equation, the values of the stress exponent and activation energy were measured and they were 6.86 and 434 kJ mol−1, respectively. The exponential equations of peak stress and peak strain, as well as steady-state stress, were obtained due to the Zener-Hollomon parameter. Regarding the linear relationship between the work hardening rate and the dislocation annihilation coefficients, the activation energy of deformation changes at 600 °C. Finally, another effect of the Al addition was shown to be increase in initiation temperature of necklace structure about 200 °C in hot compression test. In addition, B2 nanoprecipitate and nanotwins indicated that there was twin deformation mechanism in alloy containing Al.
Comparative study on GMI properties of Co-based microwires improved by alcohol and liquid nitrogen medium-current annealing
Authors: Liu Rui , Cao Guanyu , Liu Jingshun , Li Ze , Zhang Yun , Liu Zetian
Published: May 2021

This work comparatively investigates the influence of alcohol and liquid nitrogen medium-current annealing on GMI effect of rotated-dipping Co-based microwires. The temperature field distribution of Co-based microwires during current-annealing process is accordingly simulated, further to acquire experimental parameters of annealing current. Experimental results indicate that, GMI characteristics of current-annealed microwires in mentioned two mediums are both significantly improved, and GMI ratio [ΔZ/Z
max]max and magnetic field response sensitivity ξ
max of alcohol-medium current-annealed microwires increase more observable. When the excitation current frequency f = 3 MHz, [ΔZ/Z
max]max and ξ
max of microwires annealed by alcohol medium at 300 mA can reach 240.8% and 78.7%/Oe, respectively. During different type medium-current annealing, the higher-intensity annealing current can generate a larger circular magnetic field, which can effectively regulate the magnetic domain structure of Co-based microwires, so that, they tend to arrange densely and orderly, and the domain walls become much clearer. Meanwhile, the circular permeability μ

φ
of microwires is significantly improved, thereby enhancing their GMI characteristics. Accordingly, the medium-current annealed Co-based microwires can be used as a typically sensitive material to provide technical support for the potential application of micromagnetic measurement field.
Impact of proton dose calculation algorithms on the interplay effect in PBS proton based SBRT lung plans
Authors: Rana Suresh , Rosenfeld Anatoly B
Published: May 2021

Purpose. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of RayStation analytical pencil beam (APB) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms on the interplay effect in pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton-based stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) lung plans. Methods. The current in-silico planning study was designed for a total dose of 5000 cGy(RBE) with a fractional dose of 1000 cGy(RBE). First, three sets of nominal plans were generated for each patient: (a) APB optimization followed by APB dose calculation (PB‐PB), (b) APB optimization followed by MC dose calculation (PB‐MC), and (c) MC optimization followed by MC dose calculation (MC‐MC). Second, for each patient, two sets of volumetric repainting plans (five repaintings) – PB-MCVR5 and MC-MCVR5 were generated based on PB-MC and MC-MC, respectively. Dosimetric differences between APB and MC algorithms were calculated on the nominal and interplay dose-volume-histograms (DVHs). Results. Interplay evaluation in non-volumetric repainting plans showed that APB algorithm overestimated the target coverage by up to 8.4% for D95% and 10.5% for D99%, whereas in volumetric repainting plans, APB algorithm overestimated by up to 5.3% for D95% and 7.0% for D99%. Interplay results for MC calculations showed a decrease in D95% and D99% by average differences of 3.5% and 4.7%, respectively, in MC‐MC plans and by 1.8% and 3.0% in MC-MCVR5 plans. Conclusion. In PBS proton-based SBRT lung plans, the combination of APB algorithm and interplay effect reduced the target coverage. This may result in inferior local control. The use of MC algorithm for both optimization and final dose calculations in conjunction with the volumetric repainting technique yielded superior target coverage.
Searching for a Social Work Language of Human Rights: Perspectives of Social Workers in an Integrated Mental Health Service
Authors: Meadows Katie , Moran Nicola
Published: May 2021

Human rights are described as central to the social work profession. However, whilst principles of human rights are generally accepted as fundamental to social work, their application in specific practice settings is far more complex and the perspectives of social workers themselves are largely absent in the literature.

This research explored the perspectives of nine social workers in integrated mental health teams in a National Health Service (NHS) Trust in the north of England. Participants took part in semi-structured face-to-face interviews investigating the role of social workers in enacting rights-based social work in integrated mental health services, the issues they face and aspects of good practice. Participants identified rights-based approaches as inherent in their practice but lacked an adequate language to describe this work and confidence in using specific legislation. All described a lack of available training (post-qualification) and support, and the impact of a lack of both time and resources, in enacting rights-based work. The research suggests a need for further training in human rights, increased support for social workers in enacting rights-based work and for a language of human rights to be more effectively embedded in organisations.
Application of DoE-Based Analytical QRM to Development of the Multipurpose RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Multiple FDC Products of Telmisartan Using Enhanced AQbD Approach
Authors: Prajapati Pintu , Patel Ankita , Shah Shailesh
Published: May 2021

Telmisartan is an antihypertensive drug and several FDC products of telmisartan are available in the market for the treatment of hypertension. The multipurpose reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated as economical and eco-friendly alternative to numerous published chromatography methods for synchronous estimation of FDC of telmisartan to save time, cost and solvent for analysis. The analytical quality risk management was initiated with identification of potential method parameters using cause–effect diagram followed by assessment of their risk by risk priority number ranking and filtering method. The risk of critical method parameters was controlled by their optimization using design of experiments-based full-factorial design. The method operable design ranges was identified for high-risk method parameters, and control strategy was set for mitigation of their risk throughout the life cycle of the developed RP-HPLC method. The RP-HPLC method was validated as per the ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. The RP-HPLC method was applied for simultaneous estimation of seven FDC products of telmisartan, and results were found compliance with labeled claim. The developed RP-HPLC method is fulfilling requirements of numerous RP-HPLC and high performance thin layer chromatography methods for the said estimation. It can be used as a multipurpose RP-HPLC method for quality control of FDC products of telmisartan in the pharmaceutical industry to save solvent, cost and time of analysis.
Increased Mortality and Healthcare Costs Upon Hospital Readmissions of Ulcerative Colitis Flares: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Weissman Simcha , Sharma, Sachit , Fung Brian M , Aziz Muhammad , Sciarra Michael , Swaminath Arun , Feuerstein Joseph D
Published: May 2021

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC) flares often result in prolonged hospitalization and considerable mortality. Nevertheless, large-scale analyses evaluating the frequency and characteristics of hospital readmissions for UC remain limited. We aimed to examine these clinical outcomes in a nationwide cohort of patients hospitalized with UC.

Methods

We queried the 2017 Nationwide Readmission Database using ICD-10-CM codes to identify all adult patients admitted for UC. Outcomes including mortality, readmission rates, predictors of readmission and mortality, and healthcare usage were assessed. Multivariate analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders.

Results

From the 31,063 patients hospitalized for UC, 17.38% were readmitted within 30 days and 28.51% in 90 days. UC accounted for 28.17% and 29.82% of readmissions at 30 and 90 days, respectively. Compared to index admission, 30- and 90-day readmissions were characterized by significantly higher mortality (0.42% vs 1.99% and 1.65%, respectively), longer hospital stays (5.05 vs 6.62 and 6.04 days, respectively), and increased hospital cost ($49,999 vs $62,288 and $59,698, respectively) (all P < 0.01). Numerous factors, including chronic steroid use [hazard ratio (HR) 1.35] and opioid use (HR 1.6, were independently associated with increased 30-day readmission (P < 0.01). Numerous factors, including anxiety (HR 1.21) and venous thromboembolism (HR 5.39), were independently associated with increased 30-day mortality (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

In a large cohort of patients hospitalized for UC, we found that readmission is associated with higher mortality and more lengthy/costly admissions. Additionally, we found independent associations for readmission and mortality that may help identify patients who can benefit from close postdischarge follow-up.
Opportunistic screening for hypertension in the general population in Greece: International Society of Hypertension May Measurement Month 2019
Authors: Stergiou George S , Menti Ariadni , Doumas Michael , Gkaliagkousi Eugenia , Grassos Charalampos , Kalaitzidis Rigas G , Kallistratos Manolis S , Katsi Vasiliki , Krokidis Xenophon , Makris Thomas , Manios Efstathios , Manolis Athanasios , Marketou Maria , Papadakis John A , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Protogerou Athanasios , Chatzopoulos Michail , Sarafidis Pantelis , Tsioufis Costas , Zebekakis Pantelis
Published: May 2021

Hypertension remains a major public health issue with inadequate control worldwide. The May Measurement Month (MMM) initiative by the International Society of Hypertension was implemented in Greece in 2019 aiming to raise hypertension awareness and control. Adult volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic screening in five urban areas. Information on medical history and triplicate sitting blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained using validated automated upper-arm devices. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg, and/or self-reported use of drugs for hypertension. A total of 5727 were analysed [mean age 52.7 (SD 16.6) years, men 46.5%, 88.3% had BP measurement in the last 18 months]. The prevalence of hypertension was (41.6%) and was higher in men and in older individuals. Among individuals with hypertension, 78.7% were diagnosed, 73.1% treated, and 48.3% controlled. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were higher in women and in older individuals. Hypertensives had a higher body mass index (BMI) and were more likely to have diabetes, myocardial infarction and stroke, and less likely to smoke than normotensives (all P < 0.001). Among treated hypertensives, 65.1% were on monotherapy, and with increasing number of antihypertensive drugs the BP levels were higher and hypertension control rates lower. The prevalence of hypertension in Greece is high, with considerable potential for improving awareness, treatment, and control. Screening programmes, such as MMM, need to be widely implemented at the population level, together with training programmes for healthcare professionals aiming to optimise management and control.
May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from South Africa
Authors: Woodiwiss Angela J , Gafane-Matemane Lebo F , Norton Gavin R , Uys Lisa , Myburgh Caitlynd , Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta N , Kruger Lizeth , Orchard Ane , Peterson Vernice R , Kolkenbeck-Ruh Andrea , Ahiante Blessing O , Phalane Edith , Beaney Thomas , Xia Xin , Poulter Neil R
Published: May 2021

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aimed at raising awareness of high BP and acting as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes worldwide. As part of MMM, screening in South Africa in 2017 and 2018 revealed that approximately one-third of adults had hypertension, that only half of hypertensives were receiving anti-hypertensive therapy and that only a third of those with hypertension had controlled BP. These data highlight the need for continued screening and awareness campaigns. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2019. Blood pressure measurements, the definition of hypertension and statistical analyses followed the MMM protocol. The sites screened were general populations, pharmacies, and university campuses in preference to hospitals and clinics, aiming to raise awareness, and allow access to screening to those less likely to be aware of their BP. Of the 4727 individuals (age 40.9 ± 18.1 years) screened, 31.9% had hypertension. Of those with hypertension, only 42.5% were aware and 36.1% were receiving treatment for hypertension. A large proportion (48.5%) of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication had uncontrolled BP. In conclusion, the high proportions of individuals unaware of their hypertension and with uncontrolled BP highlight the need for hypertension awareness campaigns and more rigorous management of hypertension.
May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Venezuela, Latin America
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Rafael , Poulter Neil R , Gúzman-Franolic Mónica L , Rawik Yuly , Octavio-Seijas José Andrés , López-Rivera Jesús A , Beaney Thomas , Morr Igor , Silva Egle , Costantini-Olmos Antonieta P , Marval José , Ruíz-Lugo José Félix , Duín Amanda , Clarke Jonathan , Armas-Hernández Maria J
Published: May 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in Venezuela. Raised blood pressure (BP) accompanied by diabetes mellitus, obesity, lipid abnormalities, and tobacco usage are the biggest contributors to mortality. The May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign is a global initiative aimed to raising awareness of hypertension, which has been conducted in Venezuela since 2017. MMM2019 included 24 672 subjects (mean age: 54.7 years, SD 25.2, 63.1% female). The proportion with hypertension was 48.9%; 14.3% were unknown hypertensives, 35.5% of those who receiving treatment had uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg); when considering all hypertensives, 53.3% were controlled. Sixty per cent of those on anti-hypertensive medication were on monotherapy, 27.7% were on two, and 7.7% were on three or more drugs. Body mass index, calculated for the total population, was on average 25.6 (SD: 4.8) kg/m2. 16.2% of participants were classified as obese, 34.0% as overweight, and 4.0% were classified as underweight. Diabetes mellitus was reported by 9.4%, smoking by 7.3%, and 10.5% reported drinking alcohol regularly. Conditions associated with higher BP levels were obesity, diabetes mellitus, and women with a history of hypertension during a previous pregnancy. These results are consistent with the two previous MMM campaigns and indicate that repeated screening can routinely identify hypertension. There is an urgent need for Venezuela to implement programmes of detection, treatment, and control not only for hypertension but also for other common cardiovascular risk factors.
May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Kenya
Authors: Ogola Elijah N , Mbau Lilian , Gachemba Yubrine M , Gitura Bernard M , Barasa Felix A , Nguchu Hellen , Beaney Thomas , Xia Xin , Poulter Neil R
Published: May 2021

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of global mortality, but control rates remain poor because most patients, especially in Africa, are unaware. May Measurement Month (MMM) is an annual global BP screening campaign that was initiated by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) in 2017 to raise awareness of raised BP. Following participation in 2017 and 2018, Kenya participated again in 2019 and the results are reported here. Screening was carried out in 30 sites by volunteers coordinated by the Kenya Cardiac Society. Participants had three BP readings by standard methods with the last two being averaged and recorded. Heart rate, weight, height, socio-demographic parameters, and co-morbidities were documented. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mmHg or being on treatment with at least one antihypertensive medication. A total of 33 992 participants were screened, mean age was 42.5 (SD 16.8) years and 58.7% of participants were female. Only 27.3% had their BPs checked within the preceding 12 months. After multiple imputation, 26.1% were hypertensive, of whom 34.5% were aware of their hypertension and 31.5% were on treatment. Of those on treatment, 59.7% were controlled translating to 18.8% of all hypertensives. Being on treatment for hypertension, overweight, obese or having had hypertension in previous pregnancy were associated with increased SBP and DBP, while diabetes was associated with raised SBP. Two-thirds of hypertensives were unaware. Only a third of those aware were on treatment, with about 60% of these controlled. Lack of awareness remains a significant barrier to BP control. Programmes to raise awareness such as MMM are significant in raising population awareness.
May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Cameroon
Authors: Dzudie Anastase , Njume Epie , Mfekeu Liliane Kuate , Djomou Armel , Ba Hamadou , Ndom Marie Solange , Nkoke Clovis , Ndongo Sylvie , Boombhi Jerome , Kamdem Felicite , Mouandjo Jean Paul Doualla , Mouliom Sidick Aboubakar , Kouam Charles Kouam , Meli Herve , Monkam Yves , Awungia Alexis , Serah Ambang , Tantchou Cabral , Ndjebet Jules , Menanga Alain , Beaney Thomas , Clarke Jonathan , Poulter Neil R , Kengne Andre Pascal , Kingue Samuel ,   the Cameroon Cardiac Society and MMM Cameroon investigator group
Published: May 2021

The multi-country May Measurement Month (MMM) screening campaign aims to raise awareness on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension in individuals and communities, and measure BP, ideally, of those who had no BP measurement in the preceding year. We here report key findings from the Cameroon arm of MMM 2019. An opportunistic sample of adults (≥18 years) was included from 5 May to 5 June 2019 across 15 sites (markets, churches, homes, motor parks, workplaces, and hospitals/clinics). Data collection, cleaning, the definition of hypertension, and statistical analysis followed the standard protocol. The mean age of the 30 187 participants screened was 36.9 (SD: 14.9) years, 50.4% were female (5% of whom were pregnant), and 94.4% were screened out of the hospital/clinic settings. After multiple imputation of missing data, 6286 (20.8%) had hypertension, 24.0% were taking antihypertensive medication, and 705 (11.2%) of all participants with hypertension had controlled BP. In linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and antihypertensive medicines use, a previous diagnosis of hypertension, a history of stroke, and use of antihypertensive medicines were significant predictors of systolic and diastolic BP levels. BPs were also significantly higher when measured in public outdoors, public indoors (diastolic BP only), workplaces, and other unspecified areas compared to hospitals/clinic settings. MMM19 is the largest ever BP screening campaign in a single month, in Cameroon and despite the limitations resulting from non-random sample selection, the opportunistic screening allows access to awareness and screening for hypertension out of the hospital/clinic settings.
Could specific EKG markers identify a pharmacologically induced type 1 Brugada pattern? Insights from a large, single-centre cohort
Authors: Barbonaglia L , De Vecchi F , Devecchi C , Matta M , Peraldo R , Malacrida M , Occhetta E , Rametta F
Published: May 2021

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Background. Pharmacological (Ajmaline) induction of a type 1 Brugada pattern is currently considered mandatory for the diagnosis of Brugada syndrome. However, performing the test requires time and healthcare resources. Some EKG markers have been proposed as predictors of positive result at Ajmaline test.

Aim. To evaluate in a large population the predictive value of multiple EKG markers for Ajmaline test results.

Methods. We retrospectively analysed consecutive patients (pts) referred to our Centre to perform Ajmaline test. All pts had type 2 Brugada pattern detected at a conventional EKG or were relatives of pts with positive Ajmaline test, with or without type 2 Brugada pattern at EKG. All pts performed the Ajmaline pharmacological test (1 mg/Kg iv) with EKG "superior" right precordial unipolar derivations monitoring. To determine whether clinical parameters (age, gender, cardiomyopathy, history of arrhythmias, symptoms, familiarity) and EKG markers (heart rate (HR), PR duration, R1V1 and SV6 duration and amplitude, QRSV1/QRSV6 duration, V1 and V2 ST amplitude (coved or saddle back pattern) were independently associated to positivity at Ajmaline test, a logistic regression model was applied.

Results. From January 2010 to December 2019 we evaluated 442 consecutive pts: mean age 40.1 ± 14.5 years; 273 (65%) male; 352 (80%) pts were included because of type 2 Brugada pattern at EKG and 90 (20%) for familial screening. The Ajmaline test was positive in 150 (34%) pts. At multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for baseline confounders, age > 45 years (OR= 1.64, 95%CI: 1.03 to 2.54; p = 0.0385), female gender (OR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.12 to 2.85; p = 0.0141), HR > 60 bpm (OR = 2.44, 95%CI: 1.48 to 4.03; p = 0.0005), QRSV1/QRSV6 duration (msec) >1 (OR = 5.34, 95%CI: 3.28 to 8.69; p < 0.0001) and non isoelectric pattern (coved/saddle back) in V2 (OR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.03 to 3.63, p = 0.0416) remained associated with a positive Ajmaline test. The percentage of pts with positive Ajmaline test increased according to the presence of significant EKG markers in their risk profile: 11.3% (8 out 71, absence of both QRSV1/QRSV6 duration (msec) >1 and V2 non isoelectric pattern), 24.3% (50 out 206, presence of only V2 non isoelectric pattern), 48.5% (16 out 33, presence of only QRSV1/QRSV6 duration (msec) >1), 57.6% (76 out 132, presence of both factors).

Conclusions. In our large population: 1) we confirmed the positive predictive power of QRSV1/QRSV6 duration (msec) >1 and of a non isoelectric pattern (coved/saddle back) in V2 for a pharmacologically induced type 1 Brugada pattern; 2) we observed a non-negligible percentage of pts who would not be correctly diagnosed for type 1 Brugada pattern, if selected according to an EKG parameters-based prescreening.