bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speaking images, race-less words: Play and the absence of race in contemporary Scandinavia
Authors: Stubberud Elisabeth , Ringrose Priscilla
Published: July 2014

What happens when a film that deals with issues of race and lived multiculture is released in a socio-political landscape where there is limited language to address lived experiences of racialization? This article examines the Swedish fiction film Play (Östlund, 2011) and a TV interview with its director. While mainstream reviews interpreted the film in terms of a non-racial dynamic, we argue that the film is not only about race, but that its racial dynamic is highly gendered. We suggest furthermore that Ruben Östlund’s ambiguous response to the question of the racist legacy of the film points to its failure to confront the prevailing racial hegemony.
La literatura emblemática en una educación universitaria de corte posmoderno
Authors: López-peláez Casellas María Paz
Published: July 2014

El presente artículo tiene como objeto analizar las complejas estructuras semióti- cas y estéticas presentes en la literatura emblemática de los siglos XVI y XVII y destacar su potencial docente dentro de la educación universitaria, para lo que me centraré en aspectos que considero de especial relevancia en estas formas. En primer lugar, su grado de (dis)conformidad con el saber dogmático de esos siglos, lo que la convierte en un instrumento privilegiado para estudiar posibles (y distintas) interpretaciones de la realidad y su carácter híbrido; esto, a su vez, servirá para enfatizar la necesa- ria articulación entre discursos y disciplinas que debe ser tenida en cuenta para la comprensión de un hecho en su totalidad. En una segunda sección, destacaré su utilización como recurso didáctico que posibilita el desarrollo de la interdisciplina- riedad y del pensamiento creativo, y la práctica de la intertextualidad y de estrategias metacognitivas, además de posibilitar el cuestionamiento del papel del lenguaje en la construcción del conocimiento.
Filosofía y educación afectiva en «Amor y pedagogía», de Unamuno
Authors: Goicoechea Gaona María Ángeles , Fernández Guerrero Olaya
Published: July 2014

Este trabajo analiza la obra Amor y pedagogía, de Unamuno, desde un punto de vista filosófico y educativo. La reflexión de Unamuno sobre los aspectos emocionales del individuo ofrece elementos útiles para su aplicación en contextos de educación formal.
El legado de Paulo Freire en la escuela de hoy. de la alfabetización crítica a la alfabetización en medios de comunicación
Authors: PallarÈs Piquer Marc
Published: July 2014

Este artículo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre el legado que nos ha dejado Paulo Freire. El objetivo es mirar el reflejo de las prácticas educativas del pasado para intentar lograr el éxito pedagógico del futuro. Se expone la concepción de la alfabetización crítica y el contexto en el que este autor la desarrolló y se relaciona con la acción docente que necesita la escuela del presente: para que la institución escolar se convierta en una vía eficaz de construcción y adquisición de saberes, se llega a la conclusión que requiere del impulso de una alfabetización en medios de comunicación que establezca puntos de encuentro entre el profesorado, los contenidos didácticos y el alumnado que hoy asiste a las aulas.
Transgender Worldmaking in Cyberspace: Historical Activism on the Internet
Authors: Rawson K.J.
Published: July 2014

Advances in digital technology have provided new opportunities for historical activism, particularly through the collaborative channels of cyberspace. This article examines transgender historical activism on the Internet by identifying three types of worldmaking projects that respond to nonexistent or impoverished historical record keeping. With the affordances of cyberspace, transgender worldmaking invites collaborative, innovative, experimental, and politically charged historical projects that enact alternative ways of engaging with history and historical representation.
Reanimating Archiving/Archival Corporealities: Deploying “Big Ears” in De Rigueur Mortis Intervention
Authors: Nelson Lydia
Published: July 2014

This article considers the ways in which the constrictions of archiving bodies mirror the conscription of archival bodies. I advocate using transtemporal polyphony, irresolution, and ambiguity as a means to incorporate corporealities, historiographically intervening in lesser-known or seemingly “complete” queer histories. Drawing on state documents that usually exclude or suppress queer corporealities and from queer poetic fiction, I work to reanimate reading room intimacies. I offer the term de rigueur mortis to identify and disrupt the codified historical narrative of Progressive Era trans politician Murray Hall. Using Langston Hughes’s ASK YOUR MAMA, I document the ways in which ambiguity and irresolution provide space for queer performing bodies in the often heteronormative historiography of “the dozens.” Imagining and enacting queer historical futures requires us to reenvision tangible archival material; I discuss the role that a comedic ethics toward historiography might have in expanding our present-past for future-pasts to come.
Red light as a 12-oxo-leukotriene B4 antagonist: an explanation for the efficacy of intensive red light in the therapy of peripheral inflammatory diseases
Authors: Paschke Fritz , Rabong Constantin , Schuster Christoph
Published: July 2014

To explain the successful treatment of various inflammatory diseases by using intensive red light, a non-linear theory is presented for the interaction of electric dipoles with light involving frequency doubling. It is applied to analyze the influence of light on organic molecules with permanent electric dipoles. The molecule 5-hydroxy-12-oxo-(5
Youth Views on Sustainability
Authors: Dupont David
Published: July 2014

Waste. Most people will associate this word with something they want to get rid of, something without value. But electronic waste or so-called e-waste still contains vast amounts of scarce metals and valuable elements.
Collaborative Research Funding
Authors: Behnke Markus , McConnell Laura , Ober Chris
Published: July 2014

Within a changing research world, international collaboration has become even more important in achieving scientific success. Given the increased need and desire for multinational research, the actors are forced to identify appropriate funding sources. Whereas, science knows no international boundaries, support for scientific research, including in chemical sciences, is mostly provided by the national funding organizations. This is particularly true for the chemical sciences, where most research projects are relatively small in size and with respect to the number of involved PIs. Traditionally, national organizations are reluctant to provide funds to non-domestic researchers, and in practice, funding truly international research projects can be a real challenge for a variety of technical and bureaucratic reasons. In an effort to change this, an international Committee on Chemistry Research Funding (CCRF)—backed by several leading funding organizations—was established by IUPAC in December 2007 to promote increased international collaboration and networking in the global chemistry community. The following report gives a short overview on the history of IUPAC’s involvement in service for chemistry research funding and on the most recent developments.
An Experience in the Digital Age
Authors: Ramasami Ponnadurai , Rhyman Lydia , Jaufeerally Naziah
Published: July 2014

A scientific conference is a platform where participants present their research findings and discuss among peers. Traditionally, conferences are conducted by having participants gathered physically. Conferences involve the use of boards, flip charts, posters, and overhead projectors. The use of data projectors and videos has become popular with the progress of technology. The advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has improved the way information is transferred and shared. The development of ICTs has condensed the world into a global village and there has been a paradigm shift in the way scientific conferences are organized. In fact organizers are convening people from corners of the world using ICTs and the traditional face-to-face meetings are being enhanced and sometimes substituted by virtual conferences. In their comments to
Modeling temperature effect on dynamic modulus of elasticity of red pine (Pinus resinosa) in frozen and non-frozen states
Authors: Gao Shan , Wang Xiping , Wang Lihai
Published: July 2014

The response of dynamic and static modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn and MOEsta) of red pine small clear wood (25.4×25.4×407 mm3) within the temperature range -40 to 40°C has been investigated. The moisture content (MC) of the specimens ranged from 0 to 118%. The MOEdyn was calculated based on measured ultrasonic velocity (V) and wood density. The MOEsta was measured by static bending tests in a climate chamber between -40 and 40°C. The results indicate that both MOEdyn and MOEsta were affected by temperature and the MC. Above freezing point, MOE decreased linearly at a slow rate with increasing temperature. Below freezing point, MOE increased at a rapid rate with decreasing temperature. The MC-level had a significant effect on the MOE-temperature relationships. Temperature effect was much more significant in green wood than in dry wood. Analytical models were developed to predict the change of MOEdyn relative to that at 20°C in the case of acoustic measurements under different temperature conditions.
Collocation Method for the Modeling of Membrane Gas Permeation Systems
Authors: Feichtinger Anna , Makaruk Aleksander , Weinmüller Ewa , Friedl Anton , Harasek Michael
Published: July 2014

In this work, we describe a numerical method which enables an efficient computation of membrane gas permeation processes that involve multiple membrane stages and multiple gas components. The utilized numerical approach is a collocation method equipped with a grid adaptation strategy based on a dependable error estimate of the numerical approximation. The comparison of the results provided by the collocation method with those calculated from an experimentally validated finite difference method has demonstrated, that the accuracy of both numerical approximations is practically the same. However, the current procedure is characterized by a much better computational efficiency that allows to considerably reduce the computational time. This is a crucial feature when combining computation of membrane permeation processes with optimization algorithms. In such a setting the computation of the permeation process is frequently repeated and naturally, results in long computational times when the efficiency is not adequately improved.
Radioiodine labeled CdSe/CdS quantum dots: Lectin targeted dual probes
Authors: Akca Ozlet , Unak Perihan , Medine E. Ilker , Sakarya Serhan , Yurt Kilcar Ayfer , Ichedef Cigdem , Bekis Recep , Timur Suna
Published: July 2014

CdSe/CdS quantum dots (QD) were synthesized and bioconjugated with Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) lectin (Lec). Mannose
triflate and cysteamine molecules (MTC) were also utilized to prepare MTC-QDs and MTC-QDs-Lec probes as well as Lec bound
QDs. Afterwards; potential use of these nanoparticles as radiolabeled fluorescence nano-probes for the cell imaging studies has been
investigated. Biological activities of 125I
–
, 125I-MTC-QDs, MTC-QDs- Lec-125I,
QDs-Lec-125I and Lec-125I were examined on various cancer cell lines such as Caco-2, MCF-7 and A-549 in terms
of cell incorporation. QDs-Lec-125I exhibited the highest cell incorporation on whole cell lines. In addition, the
QDs-Lec-131I, was used for in vivo imaging. The whole body distribution of the radiolabeled QDs on New Zealand
rabbits and Balb C mice were examined by taking dynamic and static images. Radioactivity cleared from the kidneys and the bladder,
while significant amount radioactivity was retained in the heart and liver within 24 h.
Fracture Toughness Measurements From Circumferentially-Notched Pipes Tests
Authors: Mourad A-H. I. , Altarawneha J. , Domiaty A. E. , Chao Y. J. , Haggag F. M.
Published: July 2014

Fracture toughness for full scale steel pipe of API 5L grade X65 PSL1 (ASTM A694) medium strength grade pipeline steel has been measured by a new test specimen utilizing the same procedures of the standard test methods ASTM E399-90 and ASTM E1820-01. Full scale pipe sections with circumferentially machined notches were pulled axially by tensile loads until fracture. An external circumferential sharp notch was machined in the wall of the pipe to simulate the crack. In addition to testing a plain pipe, a well lubricated and axially free loaded plug was mounted inside the pipe to provide plane strain condition for notch failure. Ductile dimple fracture was observed on fractured surfaces of plain pipes, while evidences of cleavage fractures have been observed when the internal plug was used. The measured value of the fracture toughness has been found to be in good agreement with the values measured according to the standard tests for steel plates of similar grade and with the with those measured using in situ Automated Ball Indentation (ABI) tests conducted on the same pipe section. The new testing method for full scale pipe can be used regardless of pipe dimensions since it appears to provide plane strain conditions around the crack.
ER–Mitochondrial Calcium Flow Underlies Vulnerability of Mechanosensory Hair Cells to Damage
Authors: Esterberg Robert , Hailey Dale W. , Rubel Edwin W , Raible David W.
Published: July 2014

Mechanosensory hair cells are vulnerable to environmental insult, resulting in hearing and balance disorders. We demonstrate that directional compartmental flow of intracellular Ca
2+
underlies death in zebrafish lateral line hair cells after exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics, a well characterized hair cell toxin. Ca
2+
is mobilized from the ER and transferred to mitochondria via IP
3
channels with little cytoplasmic leakage. Pharmacological agents that shunt ER-derived Ca
2+
directly to cytoplasm mitigate toxicity, indicating that high cytoplasmic Ca
2+
levels alone are not cytotoxic. Inhibition of the mitochondrial transition pore sensitizes hair cells to the toxic effects of aminoglycosides, contrasting with current models of excitotoxicity. Hair cells display efficient ER–mitochondrial Ca
2+
flow, suggesting that tight coupling of these organelles drives mitochondrial activity under physiological conditions at the cost of increased susceptibility to toxins.
Beyond Classical Inheritance: The Influence of Maternal Genotype upon Child's Brain Morphology and Behavior
Authors: van der Knaap Noortje J.F. , El Marroun Hanan , Klumpers Floris , Mous Sabine E. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Hofman Albert , Homberg Judith R. , White Tonya , Tiemeier Henning , Fernández Guillén
Published: July 2014

Genetic variance has been associated with variations in brain morphology, cognition, behavior, and disease risk. One well studied example of how common genetic variance is associated with brain morphology is the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism within the promoter region (5-HTTLPR). Because serotonin is a key neurotrophic factor during brain development, genetically determined variations in serotonin activity during maturation, in particular during early prenatal development, may underlie the observed association. However, the intrauterine microenvironment is not only determined by the child's, but also the mother's genotype. Therefore, we hypothesized that maternal 5-HTTLPR genotype influences the child's brain development beyond direct inheritance. To test this hypothesis, we investigated 76 children who were all heterozygous for the 5-HTTLPR (sl) and who had mothers who were either homozygous for the long (ll) or the short allele (ss). Using MRI, we assessed brain morphology as a function of maternal genotype. Gray matter density of the somatosensory cortex was found to be greater in children of ss mothers compared with children of ll mothers. Behavioral assessment showed that fine motor task performance was altered in children of ll mothers and the degree of this behavioral effect correlated with somatosensory cortex density across individuals. Our findings provide initial evidence that maternal genotype can affect the child's phenotype beyond effects of classical inheritance. Our observation appears to be explained by intrauterine environmental differences or by differences in maternal behavior.
Natural Whisker-Guided Behavior by Head-Fixed Mice in Tactile Virtual Reality
Authors: Sofroniew Nicholas J. , Cohen Jeremy D. , Lee Albert K. , Svoboda Karel
Published: July 2014

During many natural behaviors the relevant sensory stimuli and motor outputs are difficult to quantify. Furthermore, the high dimensionality of the space of possible stimuli and movements compounds the problem of experimental control. Head fixation facilitates stimulus control and movement tracking, and can be combined with techniques for recording and manipulating neural activity. However, head-fixed mouse behaviors are typically trained through extensive instrumental conditioning. Here we present a whisker-based, tactile virtual reality system for head-fixed mice running on a spherical treadmill. Head-fixed mice displayed natural movements, including running and rhythmic whisking at 16 Hz. Whisking was centered on a set point that changed in concert with running so that more protracted whisking was correlated with faster running. During turning, whiskers moved in an asymmetric manner, with more retracted whisker positions in the turn direction and protracted whisker movements on the other side. Under some conditions, whisker movements were phase-coupled to strides. We simulated a virtual reality tactile corridor, consisting of two moveable walls controlled in a closed-loop by running speed and direction. Mice used their whiskers to track the walls of the winding corridor without training. Whisker curvature changes, which cause forces in the sensory follicles at the base of the whiskers, were tightly coupled to distance from the walls. Our behavioral system allows for precise control of sensorimotor variables during natural tactile navigation.
Emergence of Feature-Specific Connectivity in Cortical Microcircuits in the Absence of Visual Experience
Authors: Ko Ho , Mrsic-Flogel Thomas D. , Hofer Sonja B.
Published: July 2014

In primary visual cortex (V1), connectivity between layer 2/3 (L2/3) excitatory neurons undergoes extensive reorganization after the onset of visual experience whereby neurons with similar feature selectivity form functional microcircuits (Ko et al., 2011, 2013). It remains unknown whether visual experience is required for the developmental refinement of intracortical circuitry or whether this maturation is guided intrinsically. Here, we correlated the connectivity between V1 L2/3 neurons assayed by simultaneous whole-cell recordings
in vitro
to their response properties measured by two-photon calcium imaging
in vivo
in dark-reared mice. We found that neurons with similar responses to oriented gratings or natural movies became preferentially connected in the absence of visual experience. However, the relationship between connectivity and similarity of visual responses to natural movies was not as strong in dark-reared as in normally reared mice. Moreover, dark rearing prevented the normally occurring loss of connections between visually nonresponsive neurons after eye opening (Ko et al., 2013). Therefore, our data suggest that the absence of visual input does not prevent the emergence of functionally specific recurrent connectivity in cortical circuits; however, visual experience is required for complete microcircuit maturation.
Function of Inhibitory Micronetworks Is Spared by Na
+
Channel-Acting Anticonvulsant Drugs
Authors: Pothmann Leonie , Müller Christina , Averkin Robert G. , Bellistri Elisa , Miklitz Carolin , Uebachs Mischa , Remy Stefan , Menendez de la Prida Liset , Beck Heinz
Published: July 2014

The mechanisms of action of many CNS drugs have been studied extensively on the level of their target proteins, but the effects of these compounds on the level of complex CNS networks that are composed of different types of excitatory and inhibitory neurons are not well understood. Many currently used anticonvulsant drugs are known to exert potent use-dependent blocking effects on voltage-gated Na
+
channels, which are thought to underlie the inhibition of pathological high-frequency firing. However, some GABAergic inhibitory neurons are capable of firing at very high rates, suggesting that these anticonvulsants should cause impaired GABAergic inhibition. We have, therefore, studied the effects of anticonvulsant drugs acting via use-dependent block of voltage-gated Na
+
channels on GABAergic inhibitory micronetworks in the rodent hippocampus. We find that firing of pyramidal neurons is reliably inhibited in a use-dependent manner by the prototypical Na
+
channel blocker carbamazepine. In contrast, a combination of intrinsic and synaptic properties renders synaptically driven firing of interneurons essentially insensitive to this anticonvulsant. In addition, a combination of voltage imaging and electrophysiological experiments reveal that GABAergic feedforward and feedback inhibition is unaffected by carbamazepine and additional commonly used Na
+
channel-acting anticonvulsants, both in control and epileptic animals. Moreover, inhibition in control and epileptic rats recruited by
in vivo
activity patterns was similarly unaffected. These results suggest that sparing of inhibition is an important principle underlying the powerful reduction of CNS excitability exerted by anticonvulsant drugs.
RETRACTED: N-Cadherin Promotes Recruitment and Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells from the SVZ Neural Stem Cell Niche into Demyelinated Lesions
Authors: Klingener Michael , Chavali Manideep , Singh Jagdeep , McMillan Nadia , Coomes Alexandra , Dempsey Peter J. , Chen Emily I. , Aguirre Adan
Published: July 2014

Discrete cellular microenvironments regulate stem cell pools and their development, as well as function in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Although the signaling elements modulating neural progenitor cells (NPCs) of the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) niche are fairly well understood, the pathways activated following injury and the resulting outcomes, are less clear. In the present study, we used mouse models of demyelination and proteomics analysis to identify molecular cues present in the adult SVZ niche during injury, and analyzed their role on NPCs in the context of promoting myelin repair. Proteomic analysis of SVZ tissue from mice with experimental demyelination identified several proteins that are known to play roles in NPC proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Among the proteins found to be upregulated were members of the N-cadherin signaling pathway. During the onset of demyelination in the subcortical white matter (SCWM), activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in SVZ NPCs stimulates the interaction between N-cadherin and ADAM10. Upon cleavage and activation of N-cadherin signaling by ADAM10, NPCs undergo cytoskeletal rearrangement and polarization, leading to enhanced migration out of the SVZ into demyelinated lesions of the SCWM. Genetically disrupting either EGFR signaling or ADAM10 inhibits this pathway, preventing N-cadherin regulated NPC polarization and migration. Additionally,
in vivo
experiments using N-cadherin gain- and loss-of-function approaches demonstrated that N-cadherin enhances the recruitment of SVZ NPCs into demyelinated lesions. Our data revealed that EGFR-dependent N-cadherin signaling physically initiated by ADAM10 cleavage is the response of the SVZ niche to promote repair of the injured brain.
CREB SUMOylation by the E3 Ligase PIAS1 Enhances Spatial Memory
Authors: Chen Yan-Chu , Hsu Wei-Lun , Ma Yun-Li , Tai Derek J.C. , Lee Eminy H.Y.
Published: July 2014

cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and signaling plays an important role in long-term memory formation, but other posttranslational modifications of CREB are less known. Here, we found that CREB1Δ, the short isoform of CREB, could be sumoylated by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1) at Lys271 and Lys290 and PIAS1 SUMOylation of CREB1Δ increased the expression level of CREB1Δ. CREB1Δ could also be sumoylated by other PIAS family proteins, but not by the E3 ligases RanBP2 and Pc2 or by the E2 ligase Ubc9. Furthermore, water maze training increased the level of endogenous CREB SUMOylation in rat CA1 neurons determined by
in vitro
SUMOylation assay, but this effect was not observed in other brain areas. Moreover, transduction of Lenti-CREBWT to rat CA1 area facilitated, whereas transduction of Lenti-CREB double sumo-mutant (CREBK271RK290R) impaired, spatial learning and memory performance. Transduction of Lenti-CREBWT-SUMO1 fusion vector to rat CA1 area showed a more significant effect in enhancing spatial learning and memory and CREB SUMOylation. Lenti-CREBWT transduction increased, whereas Lenti-CREBK271RK290R transduction decreased, CREB DNA binding to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (
bdnf
) promoter and decreased
bdnf
mRNA expression. Knock-down of PIAS1 expression in CA1 area by PIAS1 siRNA transfection impaired spatial learning and memory and decreased endogenous CREB SUMOylation. In addition, CREB SUMOylation was CREB phosphorylation dependent and lasted longer. Therefore, CREB phosphorylation may be responsible for signal transduction during the early phase of long-term memory formation, whereas CREB SUMOylation sustains long-term memory.
Cortical Neurodynamics of Inhibitory Control
Authors: Hwang Kai , Ghuman Avniel S. , Manoach Dara S. , Jones Stephanie R. , Luna Beatriz
Published: July 2014

The ability to inhibit prepotent responses is critical for successful goal-directed behaviors. To investigate the neural basis of inhibitory control, we conducted a magnetoencephalography study where human participants performed the antisaccade task. Results indicated that neural oscillations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) showed significant task modulations in preparation to suppress saccades. Before successfully inhibiting a saccade, beta-band power (18–38 Hz) in the lateral PFC and alpha-band power (10–18 Hz) in the frontal eye field (FEF) increased. Trial-by-trial prestimulus FEF alpha-band power predicted successful saccadic inhibition. Further, inhibitory control enhanced cross-frequency amplitude coupling between PFC beta-band (18–38 Hz) activity and FEF alpha-band activity, and the coupling appeared to be initiated by the PFC. Our results suggest a generalized mechanism for top-down inhibitory control: prefrontal beta-band activity initiates alpha-band activity for functional inhibition of the effector and/or sensory system.
Determinação dos superávits do governo central brasileiro: influência da política monetária na ótica de regressões de limiar
Authors: Schettini Bernardo P.
Published: July 2014

Este artigo estuda a política fiscal no Brasil levando em consideração a influência da política monetária. A taxa de inflação do IPCA e os gastos com juros como razão do PIB representam variáveis de estado na determinação da sequência de superávits primários pelo Tesouro. Dessa forma, o modelo empírico de reação da política fiscal foi estimado com o auxílio de regressões de limiar. Em face dos resultados encontrados, não surpreende a tolerância do governo com superávits menores. Vale notar que cortes na taxa SELIC possuem efeitos mistos, pois menores despesas de juros possibilitam reduzir os superávits, porém mais inflação torna a política fiscal persistente. O inverso acontece na situação em que o Banco Central reduz a liquidez da economia.
Rute e Alberto resolveram ser turistas a leitura literária para crianças no período Vargas
Authors: Fritzen Celdon , Cabral Gladir da Silva
Published: July 2014

Tendo como escopo geral o estudo da leitura literária para crianças no período Vargas, neste artigo estudamos o trabalho da Comissão Nacional de Literatura Infantil (CNLI), e sua compreensão acerca desse gênero de leitura. Na análise podemos perceber o quanto a perspectiva dos intelectuais da comissão era determinada pela tensão entre o lúdico e o pedagógico. Em seguida, discutimos a renovação pedagógica proposta pela Escola Nova e suas afinidades com a concepção de leitura literária proposta pela CNLI. Por fim, analisamos a obra didática de Cecília Meireles, Rute e Alberto resolveram ser turistas (1938). Constatamos que, nessa obra de caráter eminentemente pedagógico, a autora deixou evidente seus vínculos com os valores encarnados pela Escola Nova. Nela, Cecília tentou utilizar recursos literários, como a criação de personagens, espaços ficcionais, o uso de diálogos e narrativas, sem, no entanto, conseguir a contento equacionar a complexa dinâmica entre ensino e ludicidade. O resultado é um trabalho que, comparado a outras obras da autora, está aquém de suas realizações literárias.
O trabalho abstrato e a noção de competências: discutindo essa inter-relação no contexto do trabalho industrial
Authors: Zandonade Viviane , Bianco Mônica de Fatima
Published: July 2014

Este artigo objetiva discutir a aplicação da noção de competências em sistemas de gestão de pessoas, problematizando se esse modo de gerir traz de volta o trabalho ao trabalhador, valorizando seus saberes. Para tal, discute o trabalho como fundante da práxis social, aspectos da sua posição no sistema capitalista de produção e sua relação com a noção de competências. O estudo aplicado foi realizado em uma indústria de alimentos de grande porte por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, documental e com entrevistas. Observou-se, não definitivamente, que o processo de entrega derivado dessa forma de gestão pode produzir um engajamento individual que, mesmo superando a fragmentação, afasta ainda o trabalhador de uma percepção de autor coletivo e de ser pertencente a uma classe social. Pode-se afirmar que enseja um trabalho menos alienado no processo e mais abstrato na relação social.
Leaf Consumption Capacity and Damage Projection of Octodonta nipae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Three Palm Species
Authors: Hou Youming , Miao Yunxin , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: July 2014

The nipa palm hispid, Octodonta nipae (Maulik) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is considered to be the most important invasive pest of palms in southern China. To evaluate the differences in the damage potential of O. nipae on three different host palms, the daily feeding rates of O. nipae were studied based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. There were no significant differences in consumption rate during the first to third instar among palm species. However, O. nipae consumed a greater area on Chinese windmill palm Trachycarpus fortunei (Hooker) H. Wendland and Canary Island date palm Phoenix canariensis Chabaud leaves than on pygmy date palm Phoenixroebelenii O' Brien leaves. Females consumed more food than males on all three palms tested. The net consumption rates were 11,007.6, 8,998.0, and 5,773.5 square millimeters per individual for O. nipae reared on Chinese windmill palm, Canary Island date palm, and pygmy date palm, respectively. The host palm had a significant effect on consumption by both male and female O. nipae, and the damage potential was higher on Chinese windmill palm and Canary Island date palm. According to the finite consumption rate, O. nipae could cause more severe damage on Chinese windmill palm and Canary Island date palm than on pygmy date palm. These results provide the first assessment of leaf area consumed and the potential damage by O. nipae on three host palms. Population projections based on age-stage, two-sex life tables, and stage-specific consumption rates can reveal the stage structure and damage potential of the pest population. This approach offers a promising tool for quantitative assessment of the feeding capacity of this invasive beetle.
Performance of 2-D ERT in Investigation of Abnormal Seepage: A Case Study at the Hsin-Shan Earth Dam in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chih-Ping , Hung Yin-Chun , Wu Po-Lin , Yu Zen-Hung
Published: July 2014

There is a great demand for effective non-destructive methods to examine the interior of reservoir structures, such as dams. The present study was aimed at assessing the performance of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), a popular non-destructive testing method, to investigate leakage at an earthen dam. Several abnormal leaks appeared on the downstream face after the dam was reconstructed to raise the maximum reservoir water level. Three 2-D ERT surveys were deployed on the left abutment, dam crest, and downstream shell. Periodic measurements were also collected on the downstream shell for time-lapse measurements. To gain confidence and avoid over interpretation, the 3-D effects on 2-D ERT were examined and the results of the 2-D ERT were appraised by forward modeling and synthetic inversion. Integration of ERT results with geotechnical monitoring data revealed the likely mechanism of abnormal seepage. Relational interpretation of time-lapse measurements further supported the hypothesized mechanism. By considering possible 3-D effects, the use of time-lapse measurements, and integration with geotechnical monitoring data, this case study provided new engineering perspectives on how 2-D ERT can be effectively used for seepage investigation.
Optimizing the Drilling HPHT/Deep Offshore Wells Using Managed Pressure Drilling Techniques
Authors: Ali Aneru Suleman , Dosunmu Adewale , Anyanwu Chimaroke , Evelyn Ekeinde , Odagme Barodor
Published: July 2014

Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) as a drilling technique is the result of the high costs of nonproductive time (NPT) caused by close proximity between formation pore pressures and fracture pressures which is common to offshore/deep-offshore, HPHT and depleted reservoirs as well as some land drilling operations.

The optimization of the Constant Bottom Hole Pressure (CBHP) variation of MPD was studied in this work. The CBHP generally refers to the term used to describe actions taken to correct or reduce the effect of circulating friction loss or equivalent circulating density (ECD) in an effort to stay within the limits imposed by the pore pressure and fracture pressure.

In this work, a computer program was designed to efficiently calculate the required back pressure term needed to maintain the BHP constant between the pore pressure and the fracture pressure. The computer software designed was used to determine the back pressure for both offshore and onshore wells at various depths to verify the robustness of the software and its level of accuracy.

The economic impact of the work was also analyzed in respect to reduction of the general cost associated with the NPT during drilling operations both onshore and offshore.
Determination of Effective Concentration of Chemical Treating Agents for Cement Contamination in Drilling Fluids
Authors: Oriji Aleruchi Boniface , Ekpo Bassey. O. , Ubani C. E
Published: July 2014

The drilling fluid contamination is a major problem during oil and gas well cementation, especially when such contamination comes from cement. The treatment is usually done with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) where pH control is not a problem but with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) to increase the pH of the drilling fluids with low pH. Determining the effective concentrations of these treating agents have always been a challenge as either the drilling fluid is undertreated or over treated which could be detrimental to the entire fluid system and the drilling operations. Therefore, there is a need to determine the effective concentrations of the chemical agents for the treatment of cement contamination. During cementation, the calcium hydroxide[Ca(OH)2] released by the cement decomposes and disperses calcium ions in the drilling fluids which could lead to flocculation of the fluid system and consequently increases the rheological and the filtration properties. When this occurs, the contaminated fluid system may be treated with some chemical agents to precipitate the calcium ions formed depending on the severity. The challenge remained on the determination of the effective concentrations of the chemical agents that will optimally treat the fluid system without causing harm.

This paper investigates the effects of cement contamination on the rheological and filtration properties of a typical KCL/Polymer Water Based Drilling Fluids and also determines the effective concentrations of the treating agents (Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Carbonate) in the treatment of the cement contamination. A fresh KCl/Polymer fluid was formulated to serve as a control standard and was then contaminated with certain amount of class-G cement at varying proportions. The contaminated fluids were treated with different amount of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Carbonate respectively to determine the effective concentrations required for the treatment of the different levels of the contamination. The drilling fluids properties such as plastic viscosity, yield point, gel strength, pH and fluid loss were adversely affected when contaminated with the cement. Experimental data were generated and linear correlations were developed to determine the effective concentrations of the sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate required for optimal treatment of specific amount of the cement contamination during cementation. This will act as a proactive step during oil and gas well cementation to optimally treat cement contamination, thereby reducing drilling time and minimizing overall well cost.
PVT Fluid Characterization and Consistency Check for Retrograde Condensate Reservoir Modeling
Authors: Akpabio Julius U. , Udofia Emmanuel E. , Ogbu Michael
Published: July 2014

Retrograde gas condensate systems are complex systems as a result of the unique compositional changes that when the reservoir pressure is decreased. Correct selection of Equation of State (EOS) is necessary for proper fluid characterization so that the PVT behavior in the simulation model is a good representation of the reservoir fluid. High quality and accurate PVT data can reduce uncertainty in reservoir fluid properties and set the stage for reservoir engineering modeling whilst improving the technical work on which investment decisions are made.

In order to obtain reliable PVT data for effective reservoir modeling, the following steps are essential:

Acquisition of sufficient volumes of representative reservoir fluid samples. Proper examination and supervision of all field and laboratory experiments to ensure accuracy, consistency and validity of the resulting PVT analysis results. Results from the PVT experiments are imported into PVT software for validation in order to ascertain a good match between the simulated and experimental data.

This process generates the Equation of State model required for material balance and other simulation studies for gas condensate reservoirs.

The mass balance test is one of the methods that can be used to validate laboratory PVT data. It is a rigorous test for the evaluation of compositional consistency between feed composition, separator vapor and liquid compositions. Other laboratory PVT data validation means include Mass balance plot, Hoffman plot CVD/CCE comparison plots and Campbell diagrams. These plots serve as data quality assessment methods prior to their use for EOS characterization. PVT validation checks helps to confirm the true content of the fluid as either a rich or lean gas condensate and also confirm the Gas oil ratio of the system.

Inaccurate PVT data can give misleading information that could cause a wrong evaluation of hydrocarbon in place. However, when these methods are properly applied it could lead to huge savings for the company as accurate results are obtained from reservoir simulation models which could aid optimization efforts and achieve incremental recovery.
Wellbore Stability Management in Weak Bedding Planes and Angle of Attack in Well Planing
Authors: Fekete Paul , Dosunmu Adewale , Anyanwu Chimaroke , Odagme Samuel B. , Evelyn Ekeinde
Published: July 2014

Borehole instabilities during drilling are more common in shale formations than in most other rock formations. The assessment of in-situ stress and analysis of borehole failure due to instability and weak bedding planes represents one of the most critical factors when evaluating borehole stability that causes borehole failure. Significant amount of research have been done in this area which resulted in various mathematical models about the issue of borehole failure, stability and plane of weakness due to bedding. So far, unified decision about the plane of weakness and failure of borehole on shale is yet to be fully realized by the industry, the most common of these losses are: widening of the well, washouts, stuck pipes, cavings, and deformation of the casing, amongst others. This work highlights the effect of shale bedding plane failure on wellbore stability and the angle of attack for stable drilling conditions in weak bedding planes by developing a robust tool to account for the criterion/conditions for identifying and drilling weak bedding planes, the rock strength for weak bedding planes (Uniaxial Compressive Strength UCS), minimum mud pressure to prevent shear failure & wellbore slip or slip shear failure in weak bedding planes and suitable attack angle to the bedding planes was also developed.

The proposed tool has increased drilling efficiency and has been validated with field data. The advantage of this process is reduction in drilling difficulties and non productive time (NPT) in field operations in the Niger Delta where well construction targeting deeper horizons are proving to be a challenge. The new rock strength for weak bedding planes (UCS) helps to predict the minimum mud pressure to prevent shear failure & wellbore slip or slip shear failure in weak bedding planes having determined the best angle to place the well (angle of attack).
Leveraging the Clean Development Mechanism to Increase the Percentage of Renewable Energy in Nigeria's Energy Mix
Authors: Akpan Morgan Leo
Published: July 2014

It has been asserted that Nigeria's petroleum age will likely expire in a few decades. This makes the need for a renewable energy based post-fossil national energy vision as articulated in the Renewable Energy Masterpan of 2005 very imperative. While the increased utilization of the gas resources provides a bridge to a low carbon energy future, renewable energy looms large in the long-term energy vision for Nigeria. Specifically, the country is endowed with enormous renewable energy resources, with the average solar radiation estimated at about 5.5kWh/m2-day. Based on a 10 percent economic growth rate and the corresponding projected electricity demand profiles of about 16,000, 30,000, and 192,000 MW in the short, medium and long terms in the country, it is envisaged that renewable energy will contribute about 13, 23, and 36 percent in meeting the total electricity demand of the nation in the short, medium and long terms respectively. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, a market-based framework which is predicated on the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities provides the catalyst and incentive for meeting Nigeria's renewable energy vision. Renewable energy projects which are categorized under Energy Industries (renewable-/non-renewable sources) is one of the fifteen (15) sectoral scopes of the CDM. Renewable energy projects represent over 70 percent of the projects so far approved and registered by the Executive Board of the CDM. Using relevant case studies as the basis, this paper discusses the CDM as the seemingly neglected opportunity to increase the percentage of renewable energy in Nigeria's energy mix.
The Importance of Geomechanical Analysis for Well Design and Engineering
Authors: Numbere Otokini , Okoli Ugochukwu
Published: July 2014

Wellbore instability presents serious challenges to drilling activities, worldwide. It also has its effect when the wellbore is in production mode. Wellbore instability can be one of the greatest pre-conditions for Non-Productive Time (NPT) during drilling operations, if not anticipated and planned against accordingly.

The principal stresses in the earth's crust are vertical and horizontal in direction. Our wells are not always exactly vertical or horizontal, and it is the stresses parallel to and perpendicular to the well path that we are most interested in. The knowledge of these principal stresses will help plan a stable wellbore.

Some of the factors that affect wellbore stability include, rock strength, mud weight, temperature fluctuations, wellbore geometry, drillstring vibration, stress and strength anisotropy, drilling fluid filtrate invasion, well path orientation and inclination. All these, must be scrutinized and ensured that they in no way affect the safe and efficient delivery of the well. In summary it must be ensured that the total stress redistribution down the subsurface is equal to the summation of the radial stress and hoop stress.

Wellbore instability can result in serious operational problems like borehole collapse, lost circulation, stuck pipe etc, which are undesirable and have dire financial implications. It is therefore extremely important that drilling engineers anticipate this problem during planning and well design and introduce measures to curb it.

This paper discusses the causes of wellbore instability, underscores the importance of geomechanical analysis as a preventive measure, reviews the various wellbore stability models currently applied in the industry, and presents a well design guideline on how to plan against wellbore instability problems.
New Correlation for Oil Formation Volume Factor
Authors: Sulaimon A. A. , Ramli N. , Adeyemi B. J. , Saaid I. M.
Published: July 2014

Laboratory measurements are the most reliable methods for PVT analysis of reservoir fluid properties. Faster and cheaper methods are important for real time decision making and mathematical correlations are used to predict the properties. Most of the existing correlations do not give accurate estimations due to either simplifying assumptions or inappropriate technique. In this work, a new correlation for estimating oil formation volume factor (βo) using a Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) technique was developed. It is a family of inductive algorithms which executes computer-based mathematical modeling of multi-parametric data sets. In developing the correlation, 93 PVT data sets from Malaysian crude oil analyses were used. The data consist of solution gas-oil ratio (Rs), βo, oil viscosity (µo), oil gravity (γo), gas gravity (γg) and temperature (T). Some of these parameters were set as inputs while the properties to be predicted were set as output. The correlation was developed using the estimated outcome from the technique. Subsequently, 39 data points from different reservoir fluids were used to validate the correlation. Analyses of results show that the GMDH correlation is more accurate than the existing correlations with the Average Absolute Relative Error (AARE) of 0.976%, and with maximum and minimum average relative errors (max. ARE and min. ARE) of 3.989% and 0.001% respectively.