bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating neuronal firing density: A quantitative analysis of firing rate map algorithms
Authors: Grieves Roddy M.
Published: December 2023

The analysis of neurons that exhibit receptive fields dependent on an organism’s spatial location, such as grid, place or boundary cells typically begins by mapping their activity in space using firing rate maps. However, mapping approaches are varied and depend on multiple tuning parameters that are usually chosen qualitatively by the experimenter and thus vary significantly across studies. Small changes in parameters such as these can impact results significantly, yet, to date a quantitative investigation of firing rate maps has not been attempted. Using simulated datasets, we examined how tuning parameters, recording duration and firing field size affect the accuracy of spatial maps generated using the most widely used approaches. For each approach we found a clear subset of parameters which yielded low-error firing rate maps and isolated the parameters yielding 1) the least error possible and 2) the Pareto-optimal parameter set which balanced error, computation time, place field detection accuracy and the extrapolation of missing values. Smoothed bivariate histograms and averaged shifted histograms were consistently associated with the fastest computation times while still providing accurate maps. Adaptive smoothing and binning approaches were found to compensate for low positional sampling the most effectively. Kernel smoothed density estimation also compensated for low sampling well and resulted in accurate maps, but it was also among the slowest methods tested. Overall, the bivariate histogram, coupled with spatial smoothing, is likely the most desirable method in the majority of cases.
Numerical simulation of the fine kinetics of dust reduction using high-speed aerosols
Authors: Jing Deji , Ma Jichuang , Zhang Tian , Ge Shaocheng , Ren ShuaiShuai , Ma Mingxing
Published: December 2023

A numerical model of single-particle fog-dust collision coupling in a high-speed airflow based on three-phase flow theory. The effect of the fog-to-dust particle size ratio, relative velocity between the fog and dust particles, collision angle and contact angle at the wetting humidity function of dust particles is investigated. Different particle size ratios are determined for achieving the optimal wetting humidity for the interaction of high-velocity aerosols with dust particles of different sizes, for differ, that is, kPM2.5 = 2:1, kPM10 = 3.5:1 and kPM20 = 1.5:1. The optimal humidity increases with the relative velocity U between the fog and dust particles in the high-speed airflow. The larger the collision angle is, the lower the wetting rate is.The smaller the contact angle between the solid and liquid is, the better droplet wetting on dust is. The fine kinetic mechanism of single-particle fog-dust collision-coupling in a high-speed airflow is elucidated in this study.
Essential role for Batf3-dependent dendritic cells in regulating CD8 T-cell response during SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Bar-On Liat , Dekel Hani , Aftalion Moshe , Chitlaru Theodor , Erez Noam
Published: December 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits robust CD8 T-cell responses, yet the identity of the mechanisms playing dominant roles in initiating the virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses are largely unknown. In the present study, we interrogate the contribution of the cDC1 subset to SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T-cell immunity. For this purpose, we used a novel murine line which combines the SARS-CoV-2 susceptible K18-hACE2 transgenic and the Batf3 deficient mice which lack the cDC1 subset. We demonstrate that in the absence of cDC1, viral-specific CD8 T-cell responses were severely impaired both in the draining lymph node as well as in the lungs, during the effector phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 specific memory CD8 T-cells in the lungs and spleens were also significantly impacted, whereas humoral responses, as well as CD4 T-cells were not affected. Additionally, we demonstrate that the absence of cDC1 subset, and the consequent impaired CD8 T-cell responses, resulted in significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the lungs. The conclusions of the study were further independently corroborated in an additional COVID-19 murine model consisting infection with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus. These results underscore a specific role for Batf3-dependent DC in regulating SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8 T-cell responses and may contribute to future vaccine design and immunization strategies.
Time trends in self-reported depressive symptoms, prescription of antidepressants, sedatives and hypnotics and the emergence of social media among Norwegian adolescents
Authors: Lien Lars , Bonsaksen Tore , Holte Stea Tonje , Kleppang Annette Løvheim , Steigen Anne Mari , Leonhardt Marja
Published: December 2023

Background

Research has shown increased mental health problems and use of prescription drugs among adolescents in recent years and social media use has been linked to poorer mental health. However, trend studies concerning these topics are scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze gender-specific trends in a) symptoms of depression and loneliness, and b) prescription of antidepressants, hypnotics and sedatives, in relation to the emergence of social media among adolescents in Norway.

Methods

This is an ecological study using data from the ‘Young in Oslo’ surveys from 1996 to 2021. The surveys included approximately 110 000 students, 14–17 years of age, and yielded a response rate varying from 95% in 1996 to 64% in 2021. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect information on symptoms of depression and loneliness. Information on antidepressant and sleep medication prescription was retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database for the age group 15 to 19 years. A graphical approach and logistic regression models were used to examine gender-specific time-trends between 1996 to 2021.

Results

We found a doubling in self-reported symptoms of depression and loneliness among girls between 1996 and 2021, with the steepest increase in the period from 2006 to 2012, when Facebook and other social media were introduced. A similar trend was observed in the prescription of antidepressants among girls, with the steepest increase between 2011 and 2013. Among both boys and girls, ‘worried too much about things’ and ‘had sleep problems’ were the two symptoms with the greatest changes.

Conclusion

A significant upward trend in self-reported depressive symptoms and medication use was observed over the past 25 years, with variations in the rate of increase, including a steeper trajectory during certain periods immediately after the introduction of social media platforms in Norway.
What do users and their aiding professionals want from future devices in upper limb prosthetics? A focus group study
Authors: Einfeldt Ann-Kathrin , Rebmann Franziska , Yao Dawei , Stukenborg-Colsmann Christina , Hurschler Christof , Windhagen Henning , Jakubowitz Eike
Published: December 2023

Background

High rejection rates of upper limb prosthetics indicate that current prosthetic devices only partially meet user demands. This study therefore investigated the benefits and challenges with current prostheses, associated services and potential areas for improvement from the perspective of upper limb prosthesis users and various professionals working in the field of upper limb and hand prosthetics.

Methods and findings

Seven different focus group discussions were conducted with 32 participants. Participants were grouped by prosthesis type, if they were prosthesis users, or professionals. All focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim, and a summarizing content analysis was performed. Three main topic areas to be addressed emerged from the interviews: 1. a properly functioning prosthesis, 2. the infrastructure, and 3. users’ psychological and physical prerequisites. The interaction between a well-functioning prosthesis and a well-developed infrastructure was shown to be important for successful use.

Conclusions

Our study raises many of the same issues that have been reported in previous qualitative studies, dating back over several decades. This study underlines the need to include users and professionals in the future development of prosthetic devices.
The cost of doing nothing about a sleeper weed–Nassella neesiana in New Zealand
Authors: Bourdôt Graeme W. , Buddenhagen Christopher E.
Published: December 2023

Nassella neesiana (Chilean needle grass), an invasive ‘sleeper weed’ established in sheep and beef pastures in three of New Zealand’s sixteen local government regions, has a potential geographic range amounting to 3.96 million hectares spanning all regions except the West Coast. It impacts the productivity, market value and welfare of livestock through its sharp penetrating seeds that cause blindness and the downgrading of wool, hides, and carcasses. In this study we estimate the benefit of preventing its spread as the present value (PV) of local (regional) and national productivity losses that would accrue over 200 years under a ‘do nothing’ spread scenario. Using a 3% discount rate and two assumed spread rates, 201 and 100 years to 90% occupation of its potential range, we calculate national PV losses of NZ$ 192 million and NZ$ 1,160 million respectively. In a breakeven analysis, these losses, which equate to the national benefits of preventing the spread, justify annual expenditures of NZ$ 5.3 million and NZ$ 34 million respectively. Restricting the analyses to the regions with known infestations (Hawke’s Bay, Marlborough, Canterbury) provided much lower estimates of the benefits (ranging from NZ$ 16.8 million to NZ$ 158 million) because spillover benefits from preventing spread to the other susceptible regions are not accounted for. These analyses support a nationally coordinated approach to managing N. neesiana in New Zealand involving surveillance and control measures respectively in the susceptible and infested regions.
Nexus between energy efficiency, green investment, urbanization and environmental quality: Evidence from MENA region
Authors: Gang Chen , Sha He , Qamruzzaman Md
Published: December 2023

Environmental protection holds a paramount position in the pursuit of sustainable development. The existing body of literature has extensively examined various driving forces for environmental enhancement, including renewable energy sources, innovation, and governmental interventions. This study aims to assess the impact of green investment, energy efficiency, and urbanization on achieving environmental sustainability in the MENA region during the period 2004–2019. A comprehensive set of econometric tools has been employed to achieve this goal, including the CADF and CIPS panel unit root tests, error correction-based panel cointegration analysis, Cross-sectional ARDL, and asymmetric ARDL models. The key findings of this research are as follows: Cross-sectional dependency and homogeneity tests demonstrated that the research units shared common dynamics and heterogeneity properties. The stationarity tests based on CIPS and CADF indicated that all variables became stationary after the first differencing. The panel cointegration analysis established a long-term relationship between green investment (GI), energy efficiency (EE), urbanization (UR), and environmental sustainability (ES) in MENA nations. Empirical model estimations using Cross-sectional ARDL revealed significant contributions of GI, EE, and UR to ES in the long and short run. The asymmetry assessment uncovered a nonlinear relationship between the explanatory and dependent variables, both in the long and short run. Specifically, the asymmetric coefficients of GI, EE, and UR displayed negative statistical significance at the 1% level, highlighting their significant roles in promoting environmental sustainability. In light of these findings, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers to formulate strategies to further environmental sustainability in the MENA region.
Caribbean deepwater snappers: Application of the bomb radiocarbon age estimation validation in understanding aspects of ecology and life history
Authors: Overly Katherine E. , Shervette Virginia R.
Published: December 2023

Reef fishes have been utilized as food fish throughout the U.S. Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico waters for centuries, with increasing fishing effort in recent decades. As a result, many species have experienced declines in landings, including deepwater snappers such as queen snapper Etelis oculatus and blackfin snapper Lutjanus buccanella. However, little to no peer-reviewed published research exists on basic life history parameters for either species. Confirming the accuracy of an age estimation method for a fish species is essential for ensuring sustainable fisheries management. This is because in the assessment of fisheries species population age-based parameters, including longevity, age at sexual maturity, growth rate, mortality, age-specific reproductive output, and lifetime reproductive output, are important in understanding overall life history strategies of managed stocks. The past stock assessment on U.S. Caribbean queen snapper utilized an estimated longevity of 8 y, derived from length frequencies for fish from St. Lucia. Blackfin snapper has an estimated longevity of 27 y based on a relatively small study from offshore waters of the southeastern U.S. The focus of our investigation was to estimate maximum longevity of two data-poor species in the U.S. Caribbean. The accuracy of ageing methods was tested via bomb radiocarbon age estimation validation and effects of depth on Δ14C in otolith cores and eye lens core values were examined. Results from our work indicate a maximum validated age of 45 y for queen snapper, and 43 y for blackfin snapper. Our findings indicate queen snapper and blackfin snapper are long-lived (> 40 y). The resulting Δ14C comparison between eye lens cores and otolith cores has important implications for the study of age validation, specifically when deepwater species are involved.
Variations of intact phospholipid compositions in the digestive system of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, between summer and autumn
Authors: Heyen Simone , Schneider Vivien , Hüppe Lukas , Meyer Bettina , Wilkes Heinz
Published: December 2023

The biochemical composition of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is largely determined by their feeding behaviour. As they supply energy for animals of a higher trophic level and are also commercialized for human consumption, the interest in research on the species is high. Lipids, especially phospholipids, make up a high proportion of dry weight in krill. Seasonal changes are well documented in the fingerprint of free fatty acids analysed after hydrolysis of phospholipids, but the underlying intact polar lipids are rarely considered. In this study, we evaluated the compositions of intact phospholipids (IPLs) in the stomach, digestive gland and hind gut of Antarctic krill caught in summer and autumn at the Antarctic Peninsula region. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, the fatty acid composition of 179 intact phospholipids could be resolved. Most IPLs were phosphatidylcholines, followed by phosphatidylethanolamines. Several very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids up to 38:8, which have not been reported in krill before, were identified. The composition shifted to higher molecular weight IPLs with a higher degree of unsaturation for summer samples, especially for samples of the digestive gland. The data supplied in this paper provides new insights into lipid dynamics between summer and autumn usually described by free fatty acid biomarkers.
Association between minerals intake and childhood obesity: A cross-sectional study of the NHANES database in 2007–2014
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Wei , Bi Sitong , Zhou Li , Li Lihua
Published: December 2023

Background

The roles of minerals in obesity received increasing attention recently due to its oxidant or antioxidant functions and effects on insulin and glucose metabolism that may be associated with obesity. Herein, this study aims to explore the association between minerals and obesity and body mass index (BMI) in children with different ages, and hope to provide some references for prevention and management in children with high-risk of obesity.

Methods

Data of children aged 2–17 years old were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in 2007–2014 in this cross-sectional study. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression and liner regression analyses were used to screen covariates, and explore the association between minerals [including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and selenium (Se)] and childhood obesity and BMI. The evaluation indexes were β, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). These relationships were also investigated in age subgroups.

Results

Among 10,450 eligible children, 1,988 (19.02%) had obesity. After adjusting for covariates, we found the highest quartile of dietary Fe [OR = 0.74, 95%CI: (0.58, 0.95)] and Zn [OR = 0.70, 95%CI: (0.54, 0.92)] intakes were associated with low odds of childhood obesity, while that of dietary Na intake seemed to be positively linked to childhood obesity [OR = 1.35, 95%CI: (1.05, 1.74)]. High dietary intakes of Ca, Na and K were positively associated with children’s BMI, on the contrary, dietary Fe and Zn consumptions had a negative one (all P<0.05). Additionally, these associations were also found in children with different age (all P<0.05).

Conclusion

Dietary Fe and Zn intakes played positive roles in reducing childhood obesity or BMI, while the intakes of Na should be controlled suitably.
Anakinra or tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with severe covid-19 at high risk of deterioration (IMMCoVA): A randomized, controlled, open-label trial
Authors: Sundén-Cullberg Jonas , Chen Puran , Häbel Henrike , Skorup Paul , Janols Helena , Rasmuson Johan , Niward Katarina , Östholm Balkhed Åse , Chatzidionysiou Katerina , Asgeirsson Hilmir , Blennow Ola , Parke Åsa , Svensson Anna-Karin , Muvva Jagadeeswara Rao , Ljunggren Hans-Gustav ,   Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Treatment Working Group, Horne Anna-Carin , Ådén Ulrika , Henter Jan-Inge , Sönnerborg Anders , Vesterbacka Jan , Nowak Piotr , Lampa Jon
Published: December 2023

Background

Anakinra and tocilizumab are used for severe Covid-19, but only one previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) has studied both. We performed a multi-center RCT comparing anakinra or tocilizumab versus usual care (UC) for adults at high risk of deterioration.

Methods

The study was conducted June 2020 to March 2021. Eligibility required ≥ 5 liters/minute of Oxygen to maintain peripheral oxygen saturation at ≥ 93%, CRP > 70 mg/L, ferritin > 500 μg/L and at least two points where one point was awarded for lymphocytes < 1x 109/L; D-dimer ≥ 0.5 mg/L and; lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 8 microkatal/L. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive either a single dose of tocilizumab (8 mg/kg) or anakinra 100 mg IV QID for seven days or UC alone. The primary outcome was time to recovery.

Results

Recruitment was ended prematurely when tocilizumab became part of usual care. Out of a planned 195 patients, 77 had been randomized, 27 to UC, 28 to anakinra and 22 to tocilizumab. Median time to recovery was 15, 15 and 11 days. Rate ratio for recovery for UC vs anakinra was 0.91, 0.47 to 1.78, 95% [CI], p = 0.8 and for UC vs tocilizumab 1.13, 0.55 to 2.30; p = 0.7. There were non-significant trends favoring tocilizumab (and to limited degree anakinra) vs UC for some secondary outcomes. Safety profiles did not differ significantly.

Conclusion

Premature closure of trial precludes firm conclusions. Anakinra or tocilizumab did not significantly shorten time to clinical recovery compared to usual care. (IMMCoVA, NCT04412291, EudraCT: 2020–00174824).
Analyzing the impact of sustainable economic development from the policy text network: Based on the practice of China’s bay area policy
Authors: Zhou Huijie , Yu Shangjia , Wu Pengyue
Published: December 2023

In order to break through the surface analysis of the content structure of policy texts, an in-depth discussion of the linkage between regional policy makers and objectives is helpful to analyze the formation mechanism of policy effects. Through social network analysis and multi-index analysis, this study takes the QianwanNew Area of Ningbo and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as representatives to explore the policy framework for the sustainable development of manufacturing industry in the two bay areas respectively. Through the construction of government department cooperation network, policy keyword co-occurrence network, department keyword correlation network, and the analysis of network density, network centrality, structural holes, and cohesive subgroups, it is found that the impact results show great differences, which is related to the network structure of manufacturing policy text.
Toll receptor ligand Spätzle 4 responses to the highly pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis from Varroa mites in honeybees
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Sun Cheng , Lang Haoyu , Wang Jieni , Li Xinyu , Guo Jun , Zhang Zijing , Zheng Hao
Published: December 2023

Honeybees play a major role in crop pollination, which supports the agricultural economy and international food supply. The colony health of honeybees is threatened by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, which inflicts physical injury on the hosts and serves as the vector for variable viruses. Recently, it shows that V. destructor may also transmit bacteria through the feeding wound, yet it remains unclear whether the invading bacteria can exhibit pathogenicity to the honeybees. Here, we incidentally isolate Enterococcus faecalis, one of the most abundant bacteria in Varroa mites, from dead bees during our routine generation of microbiota-free bees in the lab. In vivo tests show that E. faecalis is only pathogenic in Apis mellifera but not in Apis cerana. The expression of antimicrobial peptide genes is elevated following infection in A. cerana. The gene-based molecular evolution analysis identifies positive selection of genes encoding Späetzle 4 (Spz4) in A. cerana, a signaling protein in the Toll pathway. The amino acid sites under positive selection are related to structural changes in Spz4 protein, suggesting improvement of immunity in A. cerana. The knock-down of Spz4 in A. cerana significantly reduces the survival rates under E. faecalis challenge and the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. Our results indicate that bacteria associated with Varroa mites are pathogenic to adult bees, and the positively selected gene Spz4 in A. cerana is crucial in response to this mite-related pathogen.
Académicos en el punto de mira. La violencia de eta y su entorno contra la universidad (1995-2011)
Authors: Escauriaza Escudero Ana , Fernández Soldevilla Gaizka
Published: December 2023

La estrategia denominada «socialización del sufrimiento» comienza en 1995 con el asesinato de Gregorio Ordóñez. También en este momento las universidades del País Vasco y de Navarra vieron cómo la amenaza de ETA se cernía sobre ellas. Una parte de la comunidad universitaria, que desde los años 80 había escrito en prensa para deslegitimar el terrorismo y organizaba concentraciones de Gesto por la Paz en sus campus para protestar contra los asesinatos y secuestros, empezó a estar en el punto de mira de ETA. De la violencia genérica en los campus y en los claustros se pasó a las amenazas con nombre y apellido. De ahí a los escoltas primero y a hacer las maletas para huir del terror después. Esa mayor amenaza creció en paralelo a la resistencia que mostraba la Universidad, siendo precisamente ese combate contra ETA una de las principales causas por las que pasó a convertirse en un objetivo de primera línea para la organización terrorista.
Assessment of the gradient diffusion method for fosfomycin susceptibility testing in Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. isolated from the urine of companion dogs in Thailand
Authors: Jariyapamornkoon Nattha , Boonkam Pongthai , Suanpairintr Nipattra
Published: December 2023

Background and Aim: The agar dilution method is the approved method for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in fosfomycin susceptibility testing, whereas the broth dilution method is not recommended. This study aimed to investigate the potential of the gradient diffusion method as a more convenient alternative to agar dilution method for MIC evaluation, particularly for the susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. to fosfomycin.

Materials and Methods: A total of 194 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were collected from urine samples of dogs diagnosed with bacterial cystitis. Bacterial identification and susceptibility to multiple antibiotics were tested using the Vitek 2 automated system. The susceptibility to fosfomycin was compared between agar dilution (reference method) and the gradient diffusion method. We assessed the agreement rates and errors between the two approaches by analyzing the MIC data.

Results: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (98.7%) and Enterococcus faecalis (80.0%) exhibited high fosfomycin susceptibility rates, whereas Enterococcus faecium exhibited a lower susceptibility rate (38.5%). The gradient diffusion method demonstrated unacceptably low essential agreement (EA) rates (>90%) but acceptable categorical agreement (CA) rates (≥ 90%) for S. pseudintermedius (83.54% EA and 97.47% CA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) such as Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus simulans (85.00% EA and 95.00% CA). Enterococcus spp. had an acceptable EA of 93.75%, but an unacceptably low CA rate of 82.81%, with a minor error rate of 17.19%. No significant errors were observed for Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp.

Conclusion: The gradient diffusion method reliably determines MICs and interpretative breakpoints (S, I, R) for S. pseudintermedius. However, its applicability to CoNS and enterococci may be limited due to unacceptable errors.

Keywords: dogs, Enterococcus spp., fosfomycin, gradient diffusion method, Staphylococcus spp.
Individualized Functional Decompression Options for Adult Chiari Malformation With Syringomyelia and A Novel Scale for Syringomyelia Resolution: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Han Shiyuan , Hou Bo , Li Zhimin , Feng Feng , Li Yongning , Gao Jun
Published: December 2023

Objective: To compare outcomes of posterior fossa bony decompression alone (PFD) versus PFD with duraplasty (PFDD) versus PFDD with additional obex exploration (PFDDO) in patients with Chiari malformation type I (CMI) combining syringomyelia.Methods: Clinical records of adult patients who underwent decompressions from 2014 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The decompression procedure was individualized based on the cerebrospinal fluid pulse in the surgical field. The Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS) was used to assess the prognosis of the patients and a novel syringomyelia resolution scale, based on 3-dimensional volume, was introduced. The percentage change in the cervical syrinx volume was classified as follows by resolution: ≥ 70%, 30%–70%, and < 30%.Results: Seventy-eight individuals were enrolled, of which 22, 20, and 36 underwent PFD, PFDD, and PFDDO, respectively. The three decompression groups had no significant difference in the preoperative characteristics and postoperative prognosis. Multivariate analyses revealed that better CCOS was significantly correlated with younger age at surgery (p = 0.018), syrinx originated from lower cervical levels (p = 0.037), narrower preoperative cerebral aqueduct (p = 0.005), and better syrinx volume resolution (p = 0.004). Additionally, a better cervical syrinx volume resolution was significantly correlated with higher CCOS (p = 0.017), narrower cerebral aqueduct (p = 0.035), and better tonsillar descent resolution (p = 0.007).Conclusion: Individualized functional decompression induced an equal effect on CCOS and syrinx volume resolution for all CMI patients with syringomyelia. Our syringomyelia resolution scale facilitates communication and prediction of CMI prognosis.
Sacropelvic Fixation for Adult Deformity Surgery Comparing Iliac Screw and Sacral 2 Alar-Iliac Screw Fixation: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shin Hong Kyung , Park Jin Hoon , Jeon Sang Ryong , Roh Sung Woo , Jo Dae Jean , Hyun Seung-Jae , Cho Yong-Jae ,   for the Korean Spinal Deformity Society (KSDS)
Published: December 2023

Objective: Two commonly used techniques for spinopelvic fixation in adult deformity surgery are iliac screw (IS) and sacral 2 alar-iliac screw (S2AI) fixations. In this article, we systematically meta-analyzed the complications of sacropelvic fixation for adult deformity surgery comparing IS and S2AI.Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane clinical trial databases were systematically searched until March 29, 2023. The proportion of postoperative complications, including implant failure, revision, screw prominence, and wound complications after sacropelvic fixation, were pooled with a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses for the method of sacropelvic fixation were conducted.Results: Ten studies with a total of 1,931 patients (IS, 925 patients; S2AI, 1,006 patients) were included. The pooled proportion of implant failure was not statistically different between the IS and S2AI groups (21.9% and 18.9%, respectively) (p = 0.59). However, revision was higher in the IS group (21.0%) than that in the S2AI group (8.5%) (p = 0.02). Additionally, screw prominence was higher in the IS group (9.6%) than that in the S2AI group (0.0%) (p < 0.01), and wound complication was also higher in the IS group (31.7%) than that in the S2AI group (3.9%) (p < 0.01).Conclusion: IS and S2AI fixations showed that both techniques had similar outcomes in terms of implant failure. However, S2AI was revealed to have better outcomes than IS in terms of revision, screw prominence, and wound complications.
Interlaminar Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Versus Microscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A Preliminary Analysis of L5–S1 Lumbar Disc Herniation Outcomes in Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Yanting , Kim Youngjin , Park Chan Woong , Suvithayasiri Siravich , Jitpakdee Khanathip , Kim Jin-Sung
Published: December 2023

Objective: A preliminary report from a single institution, noninferiority, prospective randomized controlled trial is conducted to determine the effectiveness of interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD) versus microscopic lumbar discectomy (MLD) for the treatment of L5–S1 lumbar disc herniation (LDH).Methods: This prospective, noncrossover, randomized controlled trials was conducted at a single neurosurgical center. Patients with symptomatic radiculopathy or intermittent neurogenic claudication caused by LDH were enrolled from July 2016 to July 2021. The study compared the effectiveness of microscopic and full-endoscopic discectomy procedures. Outcome measures included visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index scores, radiologic measurements, endurance time of walking, and satisfaction rate.Results: Of 37 assessed patients, both IELD and MLD groups demonstrated significant improvements in VAS scores for pain over time, with no significant difference between them. For secondary outcomes, the IELD group had a shorter hospital stay and reduced blood loss but a longer operation time than the MLD group. Radiographic evaluations showed no change compared to preoperative data. Patient satisfaction and recovery rates were slightly higher for the MLD group, but both groups were comparable in most evaluations, with complications being minimal.Conclusion: The IELD was noninferior in improving the intensity of back and leg pain and functional disability, compared to the MLD. Additionally, the IELD showed no difference in clinical outcomes for patients in terms of radiographic results and patient satisfaction rates. The results of this research preliminarily demonstrate that the IELD could be considered an effective alternative to MLD for L5–S1 central or paracentral LDH.
Optimizing Surgical Strategy for Cervical Spinal Deformity: Global Alignment and Surgical Targets
Authors: Lee Jae-Koo , Hyun Seung-Jae , Kim Ki-Jeong
Published: December 2023

Cervical spinal deformity (CSD) is a complex condition characterized by abnormal curvature and cervical spine alignment. It can lead to a multitude of symptoms, including chronic pain, neurological deficits, and functional impairments, severely impacting an individual’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Surgical intervention is often necessary to address the deformity and alleviate symptoms, but optimal surgical strategies remain a topic of ongoing research and debate. This narrative review aims to provide an in-depth overview of the surgical management of CSD, focusing on optimizing patient outcomes and enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexities involved. We begin by discussing the importance of preoperative assessment, including comprehensive radiographic evaluation and careful consideration of the global spinal alignment. The relationship between the cervical spine and the reciprocal changes that occur are explored to guide surgeons in their decision-making process. Furthermore, we delve into the selection of fusion levels, emphasizing the significance of identifying the primary driver of deformity. We review the current literature on optimal alignment targets and strategies to optimize surgical planning. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the surgical management of CSD, this review aims to enhance the readers’ knowledge and assist surgeons in making informed decisions when planning and executing surgical interventions. Understanding the intricacies of CSD correction and the latest advancements in the field can ultimately improve patient outcomes and enhance HRQoL for individuals suffering from this challenging condition.
The Effectiveness of Vertebral Height Restoration Based on the Vertebroplasty Procedure Used to Treat Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures
Authors: Yokoyama Kunio , Ikeda Naokado , Tanaka Hidekazu , Ito Yutaka , Sugie Akira , Yamada Makoto , Wanibuchi Masahiko , Kawanishi Masahiro
Published: December 2023

Objective: Whether the use of a balloon or stent in vertebroplasty for vertebral fractures, such as balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) or vertebral body stenting (VBS), actually contributes to the restoration of postoperative vertebral height is unclear. The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), BKP, and VBS in the correction of collapsed vertebrae in patients with painful vertebral fractures.Methods: The cases studied involved 34 vertebrae in 28 patients treated with PVP, 43 vertebrae in 38 patients treated with BKP, and 20 vertebrae in 20 patients treated with VBS at Izinkai Takeda General Hospital. Changes in the vertebral height and local kyphosis angle were measured based on standing lumbar radiographs before and after surgery and were compared among the treatment groups.Results: There were no differences in changes in the height of the anterior wall, middle body, or posterior wall of the treated vertebrae among the 3 treatment groups. The same was true for changes in the local kyphosis angle. The effectiveness of vertebral height restoration depended heavily upon preoperative vertebral instability in all the treatment groups. Correction loss due to balloon deflation effect or balloon sinking was noted with VBS or BKP.Conclusion: BKP and VBS have the advantage of reducing the risk of extravertebral leakage of injected bone cement, but they have a disadvantage in that they are no more effective than PVP in restoring collapsed vertebrae despite the use of a balloon or metal stent.
Computer Vision in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture Risk Prediction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Allam Anthony K. , Anand Adrish , Flores Alex R. , Ropper Alexander E.
Published: December 2023

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) are a significant health concern linked to increased morbidity, mortality, and diminished quality of life. Traditional OVF risk assessment tools like bone mineral density (BMD) only capture a fraction of the risk profile. Artificial intelligence, specifically computer vision, has revolutionized other fields of medicine through analysis of videos, histopathology slides and radiological scans. In this review, we provide an overview of computer vision algorithms and current computer vision models used in predicting OVF risk. We highlight the clinical applications, future directions and limitations of computer vision in OVF risk prediction.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Romosozumab and Teriparatide for the Management of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Park Danbi , Kim Seo Eun , Shin Hong Kyung , Seo Junghan , Joo Jeong Kyun , Kim Chongman , Lee Sang Hyub , Park Jin Hoon
Published: December 2023

Objective: Romosozumab is increasingly employed to manage osteoporosis. However, no studies have analyzed its effects on recent osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of romosozumab compared with teriparatide in managing OVCFs.Methods: The electronic medical records of postmenopausal patients with recent OVCFs who were administered romosozumab or teriparatide for one year from March 2018 to August 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. We compared the 2 groups for demographics, radiological outcomes (compression ratio, Cobb angle, and bone mineral density [BMD]), and clinical outcomes (Numerical Rating Scale [NRS] for back pain).Results: Fifty-five patients with OVCFs, 32 patients treated with romosozumab and 23 with teriparatide, were included in this study. The change of BMD (g/cm2) values was significantly higher (p = 0.016) in the romosozumab (0.04 ± 0.06) than in the teriparatide group (0.00 ± 0.08) in the femur total. Furthermore, in subgroup analysis, the change of BMD (g/cm2) values in the lumbar spine was significantly higher (p = 0.016) in the romosozumab (0.12 ± 0.06) than in the teriparatide group (0.07 ± 0.06) in the lumbar spine. The decrease in NRS was significantly higher (p = 0.013) in the romosozumab (6.6 ± 2.0) than in the teriparatide group (5.5 ± 2.1). However, there was no significant difference in radiologic outcomes between the 2 groups.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that romosozumab may be more effective than teriparatide in treating OVCFs in postmenopausal females, particularly in improving BMD and reducing back pain as measured by NRS.
How does age and fertility rate affect depression in women?
Authors: Gautam Ishani
Published: December 2023

Purpose - The overall purpose of this study is to delve deeper into the matters of female health, especially taking in data from different elements of life like age, fertility rate and how this influences mental health.

Basic Design - The objectives of this study was to see if there was a pattern between age and fertility rate and the mental health of women, with a focus on depression. I primarily focused on depression since it’s a more applicable mental illness to more walks of life. When I started to assess how to design my study, I first attempted to contact local hospitals but the patient confidential agreements proved to be ineffective in garnering results. Therefore I sent this survey to the entirety of the female staff of my school.
Agroecologia e ecologia de saberes desconstruindo o projeto colonial da agricultura brasileira
Authors: Melo Emely Christine Sulino de , Pereira Monica Cox de Britto
Published: December 2023

A agricultura moderna brasileira com base no modelo capitalista homogeneíza os processos de construção do saber e invisibiliza os mais variados conhecimentos presentes nos territórios camponeses. Em contraponto, diversas experiências tem como base a Agroecologia e tem referência na ecologia de saberes como elementos na valorização dos sujeitos, dos saberes, das experiências e como forma de resistir ao sistema capitalista colonial. Uma dessas experiências se configura no Assentamento Nova Canaã, localizado no município de Tracunhaém, na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, Brasil. A pesquisa visa compreender como a Agroecologia e a ecologia de saberes no Assentamento Nova Canaã se contrapõem ao modelo de agricultura colonial desde as famílias camponesas assentadas, através da verificação do contexto histórico do projeto colonial na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco; identificação das práticas de agricultura dentro do Assentamento Nova Canaã. Bem como, análise dos processos de resistências e os saberes dos/as camponeses/as assentados/as. Os resultados evidenciam que apesar da produção de cana-de-açúcar ainda dominar a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, a Agroecologia e ecologia de saberes constituem como processos que levam à ruptura do projeto colonial de agricultura perpetuada no território.
Luta e resistência dos agricultores camponeses da cadeia produtiva leiteira de São Francisco do Brejão/MA
Authors: Sousa Juliana Ferreira de , Leher Roberto
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a resistência territorial dos agricultores camponeses da cadeia produtiva leiteira de São Francisco do Brejão/MA no contexto de investidas do capital no campo por meio da instauração de normatizações técnicas (Instruções Normativas (51/ 62) e da ocupação de novas glebas pela empresa Suzano Papel e Celulose S/A no campo maranhense, provocando expropriações de terras camponesas. A investigação tem como base empírica os relatos dos agricultores camponeses da cadeia produtiva, visitas a pequenas propriedades, o exame de normas técnicas, sites especializados e análise de produções acadêmicas sobre a região. Conclui que o uso de normas técnicas congruentes com a produção de commodities pelas corporações engendram um padrão de desenvolvimento agrário destrutivo para o campesinato e, contraditoriamente, emulam lutas e resistências.
O campo dos estudos sobre o trabalho nos canaviais brasileiros
Authors: Lima José Rodolfo Tenório , Coelho Rodrigo Pereyra de Sousa , Araújo Anderson Henrique dos Santos
Published: December 2023

Por sua longevidade e importância na agricultura nacional, o trabalho canavieiro desperta o interesse de várias áreas do conhecimento. Com base nisso, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender o campo de estudos que se forma para analisar o fenômeno do trabalho na produção da cana-de-açúcar. Dentre os mecanismos comumente utilizados para compreender um campo de estudos, destacam-se os ferramentais bibliométricos e cienciométricos. Para utilizar tais ferramentais, foi realizado um levantamento da produção acadêmica disposta no Portal Periódicos CAPES referente a tal temática. Após a coleta e os ajustes necessários, foram encontrados 233 artigos. Os resultados mostram que a produção foi mais intensa entre os anos de 2009 e 2021. Destaca-se que as áreas Ciências Humanas, Ciências da Saúde e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas foram as áreas do conhecimento que mais tiveram representatividade tantos no quesito autores, quanto nos periódicos em que tais estudos foram publicados. A comunidade cientifica que forma esse campo de estudo se apresenta de forma dispersa e, em sua maioria, os trabalhos são individuais. Por fim, os principais temas debatidos foram: saúde e segurança do trabalho, migração, mecanização e superexploração.
Leer con el cuerpo: una lectura corporeizada en Educación Infantil
Authors: Torres Begines Concepción
Published: December 2023

Este artículo presenta una experiencia en un aula de Educación Infantil de un centro en desarrollo social de la ciudad de Sevilla (España), en ejecución de un proyecto de investigación para la mejora de la alfabetización multimodal (PID2019-104557GB-I00). Tomando como referencia las corrientes poshumanas y neomaterialistas, pensamos desde la teoría el evento ocurrido a partir de la lectura del álbum ilustrado El mejor libro para dibujar una vaca y que nos sirve para presentar el acto lector como un proceso de cocreación de nuevos significados y realidades a partir del enredamiento de los cuerpos desde la intensidad, conformando un assemblage. La no intervención adulta en este proceso de lectura favoreció además el surgimiento de artefactos que nos conducen a pensar en la consideración de los niños como un cuerpomente que coconstruye el significado en conjunto con todos los elementos humanos y más-que-humanos que forman parte de la acción y que coparticipan de ella a partir de la intraacción. Todo esto nos dirige hacia la necesidad de entender la alfabetización y la lectura desde una perspectiva mucho más participativa, en la que todos los elementos implicados (humanos y más-que humanos) cumplen un papel fundamental en la construcción de una realidad mucho más justa, con la consideración de todos los cuerpos y la facilitación de materiales que permitan la libre expresión y el desarrollo de la creatividad.
La biografía lectora como experiencia de natalidad
Authors: Pérez Uribe Wilson
Published: December 2023

Este artículo tiene como propósito construir una perspectiva teórica alrededor de la biografía lectora, en cuanto recurso de orden pedagógico que incide en la formación de lectores desde una perspectiva investigativa. En este sentido, se realiza una articulación conceptual que permita la comprensión de los aportes de la biografía lectora, como posibilidad para pensar las maneras en que la literatura, la relación con los libros y objetos culturales son parte fundante de la vida. La natalidad emerge en su calidad de acontecimiento, a partir de experiencias de lectura en las que se reafirman modos de estar en el mundo, construcción colectiva y esperanzas posibles en tiempos de crisis. La biografía lectora, desde esta perspectiva, permite el ejercicio investigativo en el aula, y articula saberes pedagógicos y narrativos, para la constitución de enfoques y tendencias en la relación entre literatura, lectura y formación.
Headache Is a Common Aura in Patients with Generalized Seizures
Authors: Kwack Dong Won , Kim Dong Wook
Published: December 2023

Background and Purpose: Although aura in epilepsy is usually considered as a phenomenon in patients with focal seizures, headache can occur as an aura or solitary epileptic symptom in patients with generalized seizures.Methods: We performed a 14-year retrospective study of patients with generalized seizures and analyzed the proportion and characteristics of patients with auras including headache.Results: Among the 102 patients diagnosed with generalized seizures, aura was reported in 45 patients and headache was the most common aura in 26 patients. The age of onset of seizures was significantly lower in patients with headache as an aura than in patients without headache (14.8±3.8 vs. 24.7±16.2; p=0.003).Conclusions: Our study showed that headache was the most common aura in patients with generalized seizures and patients with a younger age of onset of seizures were more likely to experience headache as an aura in these patients.