bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Microphysics Parameterizations on Simulations of the 27 October 2010 Great Salt Lake–Effect Snowstorm
Authors: McMillen John D. , Steenburgh W. James
Published: October 2014

Simulations of moist convection at cloud-permitting grid spacings are sensitive to the parameterization of microphysical processes, posing a challenge for operational weather prediction. Here, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is used to examine the sensitivity of simulations of the Great Salt Lake–effect snowstorm of 27 October 2010 to the choice of microphysics parameterization (MP). It is found that the simulated precipitation from four MP schemes varies in areal coverage, amount, and position. The Thompson scheme (THOM) verifies best against radar-derived precipitation estimates and gauge observations. The Goddard, Morrison, and WRF double-moment 6-class microphysics schemes (WDM6) produce more precipitation than THOM, with WDM6 producing the largest overprediction relative to radar-derived precipitation estimates and gauge observations. Analyses of hydrometeor mass tendencies show that WDM6 creates more graupel, less snow, and more total precipitation than the other schemes. These results indicate that the rate of graupel and snow production can strongly influence the precipitation efficiency in simulations of lake-effect storms, but further work is needed to evaluate MP-scheme accuracy across a wider range of events, including the use of aircraft- and ground-based hydrometeor sampling to validate MP hydrometeor categorization.
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders
Authors: Hay Phillipa , Chinn David , Forbes David , Madden Sloane , Newton Richard , Sugenor Lois , Touyz Stephen , Ward Warren
Published: October 2014

Objectives:

This clinical practice guideline for treatment of DSM-5 feeding and eating disorders was conducted as part of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) Project 2013–2014.

Methods:

The CPG was developed in accordance with best practice according to the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. Literature of evidence for treatments of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), other specified and unspecified eating disorders and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was sourced from the previous RANZCP CPG reviews (dated to 2009) and updated with a systematic review (dated 2008–2013). A multidisciplinary working group wrote the draft CPG, which then underwent expert, community and stakeholder consultation, during which process additional evidence was identified.

Results:

In AN the CPG recommends treatment as an outpatient or day patient in most instances (i.e. in the least restrictive environment), with hospital admission for those at risk of medical and/or psychological compromise. A multi-axial and collaborative approach is recommended, including consideration of nutritional, medical and psychological aspects, the use of family based therapies in younger people and specialist therapist-led manualised based psychological therapies in all age groups and that include longer-term follow-up. A harm minimisation approach is recommended in chronic AN. In BN and BED the CPG recommends an individual psychological therapy for which the best evidence is for therapist-led cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). There is also a role for CBT adapted for internet delivery, or CBT in a non-specialist guided self-help form. Medications that may be helpful either as an adjunctive or alternative treatment option include an antidepressant, topiramate, or orlistat (the last for people with comorbid obesity). No specific treatment is recommended for ARFID as there are no trials to guide practice.

Conclusions:

Specific evidence based psychological and pharmacological treatments are recommended for most eating disorders but more trials are needed for specific therapies in AN, and research is urgently needed for all aspects of ARFID assessment and management.

Expert reviewers

Associate Professor Susan Byrne, Dr Angelica Claudino, Dr Anthea Fursland, Associate Professor Jennifer Gaudiani, Dr Susan Hart, Ms Gabriella Heruc, Associate Professor Michael Kohn, Dr Rick Kausman, Dr Sarah Maguire, Ms Peta Marks, Professor Janet Treasure and Mr Andrew Wallis.
Demobilization and Empire: Empire Nationalism and Soldier Citizenship in Australia After the First World War – in Dominion Context
Authors: Garton Stephen
Published: October 2014

This article analyses the demobilization of Australian veterans after the First World War, placing this process in the broader transnational context of Britain’s settler society dominions more generally. It explores the public challenges posed by demobilization in Australia, and by way of comparison, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa, and how each of these dominions negotiated reintegration of veterans through the deployment of cultural and political strategies grounded in emergent nationalist discourses. Nationalism became a means of both acknowledging the contribution of veterans in making the nation and tying veterans back into the civil society. While nationalism was the ideological glue that held settler societies together in the immediate postwar years, preventing social and political disintegration, in Australia these nationalist discourses took on a peculiar character, at once proclaiming the virtues of veterans as founders of the nation while adopting a heightened sense of the importance of ties to the Empire. What emerged was a hybrid discourse that interwove nationalism and Empire loyalism, conceptualized here as Empire nationalism. This unusual Australian political discourse was forged by the experience of the Great War and demobilization, grounded in an effort to make soldier citizenship the core foundation for a new nationalism. In Australia Empire nationalism became a framework that both sanctioned particular forms of veteran violence and accommodated that violence into an affirmation of nationalist values, placing the Anzac legend at the centre of the national ethos, one that looked both inward to Australia and backward to Britain.
Fitting in to the French Resistance: Marie-Madeleine Fourcade and Georges Loustaunau-Lacau at the Intersection of Politics and Gender
Authors: Deacon Valerie
Published: October 2014

This article explores the political and gendered representations of Georges Loustaunau-Lacau and Marie-Madeleine Méric (later Fourcade), leaders of a French Resistance network during the Second World War. Both leaders came from the extreme-right and their commitment to the Resistance was questioned both during and after the war by critics who could not reconcile their rightist politics with the nature of resistance to the German occupation. Méric’s role as a female Resistance leader, moreover, was also highlighted in wartime reports and not always positively. In the postwar period, the representations of both resisters changed alongside the changing narrative about the French Resistance more generally. Loustaunau-Lacau continued to be a target for politically motivated accusations that questioned his Resistance record right up until his death, as he did not fit into the dominant Gaullist narrative. While Méric’s political capital improved, thanks to her conversion to Gaullism, she gets nudged out of many histories because of the exceptional nature of her role in the Resistance as a woman. This article suggests ways in which we might further explore the topic of Resistance, particularly when it was undertaken by people who have not fit comfortably in the existing narratives.
The Particularist Pursuit of American Universalism: The American Jewish Committee’s 1944 ‘Declaration on Human Rights’
Authors: Loeffler James
Published: October 2014

This article recovers a forgotten episode in the history of human rights: the 1944 ‘Declaration on Human Rights' sponsored by the American Jewish Committee. With an unprecedented media campaign and endorsements from ‘1300 distinguished Americans of all faiths,' the 1944 ‘Declaration' at first glance appears to be a prime example of wartime pluralist consensus and liberal internationalism in the USA. Yet as a closer examination of the document’s genesis and reception reveal, the document actually generated a striking array of polar-opposite reactions, including support from conservative isolationists, criticism from civil libertarians, and sharply split reactions from fellow Jewish groups and Catholic organizations. In recapturing this story of political conflict and ideological confusion, I propose to disentangle the stories of liberal internationalism and human rights. Rather than view mid-twentieth-century human rights history as a tale of the 1940s emergence of global civil society and US ethical cosmopolitanism before the arrival of Cold War politics, we do better to see it more as a story of faltering attempts to forge a language of US universalism that would appeal to the moral imagination of the USA.
Sub-acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus following nitrofurantoin: causative or coincidental?
Authors: Murie Jill , Agarwal Monica
Published: October 2014

A 70-year-old woman presented with progressive skin lesions on the face, limbs and trunk in the absence of systemic illness. Three months earlier, she had been prescribed six months prophylactic nitrofurantoin for recurrent urinary tract infections, treated with nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim. Positive immunology and histological inflammatory changes in a skin biopsy were consistent with a diagnosis of sub-acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Following treatment with topical steroids, the skin lesions regressed, but alopecia followed and required hydroxychloroquine. One year later, there are no new skin lesions and no evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nitrofurantoin is associated with many side effects and hypersensitivity reactions. Possible drug-induced lupus reactions due to nitrofurantoin include pneumonitis, blood disorders and hepatotoxicity. This is the only published case of isolated sub-acute cutaneous lupus following maintenance nitrofurantoin.
Behind a bicycling boom: Governance, cultural change and place character in Memphis, Tennessee
Authors: Smiley Kevin T , Rushing Wanda , Scott Michele
Published: October 2014

Drawing on theories of place, new political cultures, and idio-cultural perceptions, this paper examines the case of recent place character change in Memphis, Tennessee. Since 2009, a burgeoning bicycling culture has taken root in the city alongside a massive increase in bicycling infrastructure. We analyse how these changes are paralleled by shifts in governance emphasising amenity-based urbanism that favours themes of creative class-centred economic development. Changes also highlight the ability of contemporary urban governance to make place malleable by upending negative conceptions of the city and providing for new alternatives. Implications centre on how place may be more malleable than previously theorised, but recognise that changes serve only some populations, namely creatives and pre-existing power structures, while maintaining traditions that exclude others and contribute to racialised gentrification.
Playing partners: Expectation, entanglement, and language games in US foreign policy
Authors: Skonieczny Amy
Published: October 2014

In this article, I argue that seemingly ‘un-noteworthy’ interactions between states can demonstrate the significance of language for social relationships and foreign policy partnerships. Using language game analysis, I apply Peter Howard’s four-stage model to the case of the US–Turkish Economic Partnership Commission’s proposal for qualified industrial zones shortly after 9/11 and examine how the expectations for enhancing partnership are shaped and at times dashed through the language used among a network of actors. A language game analysis provides an explanation for how actors’ expectations rise and fall and provides an understanding of the maintenance, enhancement, and dismantling of state relationships in a social and practice-centered context. I utilize author interview data as well as texts from newspapers, speeches, and organizations to show how partnership between allies is vulnerable to social expectations signaled in and through the common language they both hold.
A Note on the Heterogeneous Choice Model
Authors: Rohwer Goetz
Published: October 2014

The heterogeneous choice model (HCM) has been proposed as an extension of the standard logit and probit models, which allows taking into account different error variances of explanatory variables. In this note, I show that in an important special case, this model is just another way to specify an interaction effect.
Theory and Contrastive Explanation in Ethnography
Authors: Lichterman Paul , Reed Isaac Ariail
Published: October 2014

We propose three interlinked ways that theory helps researchers build causal claims from ethnographic research. First, theory guides the casing and re-casing of a topic of study. Second, theoretical work helps craft a clear causal question via the construction of a contrast space of the topic of investigation. Third, the researcher uses theory to identify social mechanisms that condense causal accounts. We show how each step can accommodate the everyday meanings typically central to ethnographic research’s contributions. This tripartite role for theory thus preserves ethnography’s traditionally recognized strength in interpretive validity, while realizing ethnography’s potential for offering causal, and partly generalizable, accounts that can engage the wider sociological discipline. The discussion brings ethnographic research into conversation with recent debates on the role of mechanisms, comparative and counterfactual thinking in causal accounts. We illustrate and defend our argument for theory in ethnography with an extensive analysis of a contemporary ethnographic monograph along with briefer attention to parallel uses of theory in two other ethnographic studies.
How Does Leader-Member Exchange Disparity Affect Teamwork Behavior and Effectiveness in Work Groups? The Moderating Role of Leader-Leader Exchange
Authors: Herdman Andrew O. , Yang Jaewan , Arthur Jeffrey B.
Published: October 2014

In this study, we propose that the upward leader-leader exchange (LLX) relationship is an important moderating condition in predicting the consequences of leader-member exchange (LMX) differentiation within work groups. We assert that the structural and operating efficiencies created by LMX differentiation will depend on group members’ appraisal of the legitimacy of the within-group LMX disparity. Drawing on relative deprivation theory, we argue that the level of perceived legitimacy of LMX differentiation varies with levels of LLX. Using data collected from 579 subordinates and 74 managers in 74 work groups over two time periods, we propose and test hypotheses that the quality of a leader’s LLX relationship will moderate the mediated relationship between LMX differentiation, group-level teamwork, and team effectiveness. We find support for our moderated-mediation model and suggest implications for theory and practice.
A Framework for Estimating Health State Utility Values within a Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Robinson Angela , Spencer Anne , Moffatt Peter
Published: October 2014

Background. There has been recent interest in using the discrete choice experiment (DCE) method to derive health state utilities for use in quality-adjusted life year (QALY) calculations, but challenges remain. Objectives. We set out to develop a risk-based DCE approach to derive utility values for health states that allowed 1) utility values to be anchored directly to normal health and death and 2) worse than dead health states to be assessed in the same manner as better than dead states. Furthermore, we set out to estimate alternative models of risky choice within a DCE model. Method. A survey was designed that incorporated a risk-based DCE and a “modified” standard gamble (SG). Health state utility values were elicited for 3 EQ-5D health states assuming “standard” expected utility (EU) preferences. The DCE model was then generalized to allow for rank-dependent expected utility (RDU) preferences, thereby allowing for probability weighting. A convenience sample of 60 students was recruited and data collected in small groups. Results. Under the assumption of “standard” EU preferences, the utility values derived within the DCE corresponded fairly closely to the mean results from the modified SG. Under the assumption of RDU preferences, the utility values estimated are somewhat lower than under the assumption of standard EU, suggesting that the latter may be biased upward. Conclusion. Applying the correct model of risky choice is important whether a modified SG or a risk-based DCE is deployed. It is, however, possible to estimate a probability weighting function within a DCE and estimate “unbiased” utility values directly, which is not possible within a modified SG. We conclude by setting out the relative strengths and weaknesses of the 2 approaches in this context.
Intratunnel Versus Extratunnel Autologous Hamstring Double-Bundle Graft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ibrahim Samir Abdul Razik , Abdul Ghafar Sami , Marwan Yousef , Mahgoub Abdelbary Mohamed , Al Misfer Abdulrahman , Farouk Hassan , Wagdy Mohammad , Alherran Hamad , Khirait Sharif
Published: October 2014

Background:

Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction provides excellent results for restoring normal kinematics to the knee. Nevertheless, strong evidence supporting an ideal method for fixation of the ACL graft is lacking.

Hypothesis:

Intratunnel femoral fixation of the ACL graft via a cross-pin fixation technique would provide better clinical and objective results than the extratunnel femoral fixation with cortical buttons.

Study Design:

Randomized clinical trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Seventy patients with a unilateral ACL-deficient knee were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 femoral fixation groups. Group A (35 patients) was fixed with 2 bioabsorbable Rigidfix pins, 1 cross-pin per bundle, while group B (35 patients) was secured with 1 EndoButton cortical button per bundle. All femoral tunnels were created via an anteromedial portal, and a bioabsorbable Biointrafix interference screw was used for tibial fixation for both groups. The evaluation of the patients was performed by history details, clinical examination findings, measurement of the joint laxity by KT-1000 arthrometer, and use of validated patient outcome questionnaires. Statistical analysis was carried out with Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U tests, with P < .05 considered the cutoff level of significance.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 30 months, 34 and 32 patients of group A and B, respectively, were available for evaluation. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups regarding the subjective and objective outcomes, except for KT-1000 arthrometer values. The median KT-1000 value of patients in the cross-pin fixation group was 1.30 mm, while the median value in the cortical button fixation group was 1.95 mm ( P < .001). Four patients with ACL grafts that were fixed with cortical buttons demonstrated failure of stability via the instrumented knee laxity testing, while patients from the other group had no failures.

Conclusion:

Intratunnel femoral fixation of the double-bundle ACL graft from the cross-pin fixation technique provided better instrumented knee laxity results than did the extratunnel femoral fixation with cortical buttons. Future larger studies comparing these 2 techniques should be conducted to ensure the availability of stronger evidence supporting the findings of this study.
Advances in Schoolwide Inclusive School Reform
Authors: Sailor Wayne
Published: October 2014

This article highlights three significant advances in schoolwide inclusive school reform and suggests three next steps to improve educational outcomes for all students, particularly for students for whom typical instruction is not effective. Significant advances are as follows: (a) a multi-tiered system of support (MTSS) with embedded response to intervention, which includes positive behavioral interventions and supports; (b) universal design for learning; and (c) collaborative instruction involving general and specialized educators. Next steps are as follows: (a) implementing flexible, braided funding across educational programs; (b) fully integrating behavior and academic interventions pedagogy within MTSS; and (c) scaling up and sustaining innovative and evidence-based practices through implementation science.
Raising the Bar
Authors: Spooner Fred , Browder Diane M.
Published: October 2014

This essay describes major advances in educating students with severe disabilities. The authors propose that applied behavior analysis, the focus on functional life skills, and the promotion of academic content have been the major advances in the “how” and “what” of learning for this population. An increased focus on literacy, improved instruction for teaching state standards, and increased emphasis on students with the most significant disabilities are provided as goals for the future.
Factors Associated With Increased In-Hospital Mortality Among Children With Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Adil Malik M. , Qureshi Adnan I. , Beslow Lauren A. , Malik Ahmed A. , Jordan Lori C.
Published: October 2014

We assessed factors associated with mortality and potential targets for intervention in a large national sample of children with nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database ICD-9-CM code 431 identified children aged 1 to 18 years with nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in 2003, 2006 and 2009. Intracerebral hemorrhage was the primary diagnosis for 1172 children (ages 1-18 years) over the 3-year sample. Factors associated with mortality based on multivariable logistic regression included Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.3), older age (11-18 vs 1-10 years, odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3-5.0), coagulopathy (odds ratio 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.6-6.0), and coma (odds ratio 9.0, 95% confidence interval 3.2-24.6). From 2003 to 2009, there was a non-significant decrease in mortality with a significant increase in length of stay from 9 to 11 days (P < .003). In children with intracerebral hemorrhage, coma and coagulopathy had the strongest association with mortality; coagulopathy is a potentially modifiable risk factor.
A Review of Multifaceted Care Approaches for the Prevention and Mitigation of Delirium in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Collinsworth Ashley W. , Priest Elisa L. , Campbell Claudia R. , Vasilevskis Eduard E. , Masica Andrew L.
Published: October 2014

Objective:

The objective of this review is to examine the effectiveness, implementation, and costs of multifaceted care approaches, including care bundles, for the prevention and mitigation of delirium in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs).

Data Sources:

A systematic search using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted utilizing PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Searches were limited to studies published in English from January 1, 1988, to March 31, 2014. Randomized controlled trials and comparative studies of multifaceted care approaches with the reduction of delirium in ICU patients as an outcome and evaluations of the implementation or cost-effectiveness of these interventions were included.

Data Extraction:

Data on study methods including design, cohort size, interventions, and outcomes were abstracted, reviewed, and summarized. Given the variability in study design, populations, and interventions, a qualitative review of findings was conducted.

Data Synthesis:

In all, 14 studies met our inclusion criteria: 6 examined outcomes, 5 examined implementation, 2 examined outcomes and implementation, and 1 examined cost-effectiveness. The majority of studies indicated that multifaceted care approaches were associated with improved patient outcomes including reduced incidence and duration of delirium. Additionally, improvements in functional status and reductions in coma and ventilator days, hospital length of stay, and/or mortality rates were observed. Implementation strategies included structured quality improvement approaches with ongoing audit and feedback, multidisciplinary care teams, intensive training, electronic reporting systems, and local support teams. The cost-effectiveness analysis indicated an average reduction of $1000 in hospital costs for patients treated with a multifaceted care approach.

Conclusion:

Although multifaceted care approaches may reduce delirium and improve patient outcomes, greater improvements may be achieved by deploying a comprehensive bundle of care practices including awakening and breathing trials, delirium monitoring and treatment, and early mobility. Further research to address this knowledge gap is essential to providing best care for ICU patients.
That’s What Friends Are For
Authors: Katz Jennifer , Pazienza Rena , Olin Rachel , Rich Hillary
Published: October 2014

The present research examined bystander responses to potential party rape scenarios involving either a friend or a stranger at risk. Undergraduate students ( N = 151) imagined attending a party and seeing a man lead an intoxicated woman (friend or stranger) into a bedroom. After random assignment to conditions, participants reported on intentions to help, barriers to helping, victim blame, and empathic concern. As expected, based on their shared social group membership, bystanders intended to offer more help to friends than to strangers. Bystanders also reported more personal responsibility to help and more empathic concern when the potential victim was a friend rather than stranger. Observing a friend versus stranger at risk did not affect audience inhibition or perceived victim blame. Compared with women, men reported more blame and less empathic concern for potential victims. However, there were no gender differences in bystander intent to help or barriers to helping. In multivariate analyses, both responsibility to help and empathic concern for the potential victim uniquely predicted bystanders’ intent to help a woman at risk for party rape. Results suggest that promoting social identification with peers at risk could increase bystander intervention.
Not solving problems, managing messes
Authors: Urban Mathias
Published: October 2014

EU 2020, the current strategic framework of the European Union (European Commission, 2010) sets ambitious policy goals based on a rather bleak analysis of a complex crisis scenario the Union finds itself in. A key role is given to early childhood education and care to achieve these goals, and ‘highest benefits’ are predicted for children and society provided that ECEC services are of ‘high quality’ (Council of the European Union, 2010). Recent European and international research emphasizes the importance of systemic, trans-sectoral and trans-disciplinary approaches to developing and improving early childhood experiences for all children, families and communities (Urban et al., 2011a, 2012). Drawing on findings of the study, the article outlines the concept of ‘competent systems’ in early childhood and discusses implications for governance. It questions the persistent use of a ‘language of technology and normalisation’ (Dahlberg et al., 2007) in policy documents and argues for alternatives that recognize and embrace the relational, political and uncertain characteristics of early childhood professional practice.
Democratic and participatory approaches
Authors: Luff Paulette , Webster Rebecca
Published: October 2014

The argument presented in this paper is that understanding and appreciating participatory approaches in early childhood education may serve as a basis for further development of such practices within the early years sector, and also provide examples and challenges for the leadership and management of schools and other educational institutions. Drawing upon John Dewey’s ideal of education for democracy through communication and cooperation, we focus in turn on different stakeholders. Ideas and exemplars, from the literature and from research into practice, are selected to illustrate: respect for children’s viewpoints; inclusion of student practitioners as legitimate participants; and possibilities for egalitarian approaches to decision making with staff through collegial, distributed leadership and management.
Policy and ideologies in schooling and early years education in England
Authors: Robertson Leena Helavaara , Hill Dave
Published: October 2014

In this article we begin by discussing ‘ideology’ as a theoretical construct, and the interconnections between policy and ideology in the education system in England. We analyse the main principles of education policies that can be broadly defined from Left to Right, according to the following ideologies: Marxism/Socialism/Radical Leftism, Social Democracy, Liberal-Progressivism, Neoliberal Conservatism and Neoconservatism. We then move on to analysing responses to inequalities, as informed by different ideological positions, and identify three main types of responses: (1) conforming; (2) reforming; and (3) transforming. The article concludes by addressing some historical developments in terms of equality in early years and identifies key implications for leadership and management.
In Your Face
Authors: Bakht Natasha
Published: October 2014

This article examines three judicial decisions in three different jurisdictions involving niqab-wearing women in courtrooms. Particular emphasis is paid to the Canadian Supreme Court case of R v. NS in which a sexual assault complainant wanted to wear her niqab while testifying. The uniquely challenging context of sexual assault, which has garnered much feminist attention and reform internationally, is considered. It is argued that serious consideration must be given to the multiple rights of Muslim women by reassessing the traditional use of demeanor evidence. Some judges in these cases attempt to be inclusive of niqab-wearing women in accordance with policies of multiculturalism, yet they do not go far enough in protecting Muslim women’s rights. Other judges refuse to accommodate the niqab entirely. This troubling analysis parallels attempts made to exclude niqab-wearing women from public spaces in Canada and permits dubious objections that certain requests for accommodation have gone too far.
A part affordance–based approach for detailed design process planning in collaborative environment
Authors: Huang Jian , Chen Yong , Zhang Zhinan , Xie Youbai
Published: October 2014

Detailed design process planning refers to determining the sequence of assigning values to design parameters of a product. A reasonable approach for planning a detailed design process can not only shorten development time but also reduce design iterations. Therefore, this article proposes a formal approach for detailed design process planning in a collaborative environment. It first introduces the concept of part affordance, which can be used to derive the dependency knowledge among design parameters. Then a part affordance–based approach is proposed, which can employ the dependency knowledge to generate a part affordance matrix and a part affordance constraint matrix, to help designers plan the detailed design process in a collaborative environment. The proposed approach is implemented with a detailed design process planning system. Finally, the detailed design of a two-stage gear box is used as an example to demonstrate the proposed research.
The Portrayal of Black Swan Through a Multicontexual Framework
Authors: Smith Vi D. , Austrich Candace G. , Brown Renee R. , Steding Lindsey H.
Published: October 2014

Family systems theory emphasizes the importance of examining multigenerational contexts of the individual, family, and sociocultural influences when trying to understand dysfunctional behavior patterns. Problems arise when individuals and families encounter transition points without the ability to adapt to the changing condition, symptoms emerge as indicators that the family system is unable to move on to the next stage. The following analysis of Black Swan will examine how the protagonist’s learned patterns of interaction develop into problematic behaviors in the midst of instrumental events depicted in the film. As vertical stressors of societal expectations and family patterns of enmeshment intersect with the horizontal stressors of accomplishing the critical life tasks of young adulthood, Nina experiences extreme distress. Her attempts to cope with the demands of these stressors are maladaptive and eventually lead to her death.
The Flying Boy Achieves Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Martin Julie M. L.
Published: October 2014

In this article, Julie Martin interviews John Lee on the topics of anger, rage, and couple’s work.
The Gap between Online Journalism Education and Practice
Authors: Du Ying Roselyn , Lo S. C. Eric
Published: October 2014

This twin survey of online journalism professionals and students examines their perceptions of journalism skills, duties, and concepts. Using samples of online journalists and journalism students in Hong Kong, Asia’s media hub, it attempts to offer updated insights into the changes taking place in journalism classrooms and newsrooms and uncovers the discordance between online journalism education and practice. The study finds that traditional journalistic skills remain prioritized over technical skills in online newsrooms. The findings also suggest that today’s journalism students are fairly proficient in new media skills. Therefore, journalism curricula should not forgo training students in traditional journalistic skills for computer skills.
Journalism Students’ Motivations and Expectations of Their Work in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Hanusch Folker , Mellado Claudia , Boshoff Priscilla , Humanes María Luisa , de León Salvador , Pereira Fabio , Márquez Ramírez Mireya , Roses Sergio , Subervi Federico , Wyss Vinzenz , Yez Lyuba
Published: October 2014

Based on a survey of 4,393 journalism students in Australia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States, this study provides much-needed comparative evidence about students’ motivations for becoming journalists, their future job plans, and expectations. Findings show not only an almost universal decline in students’ desire to work in journalism by the end of their program but also important national differences in terms of the journalistic fields in which they want to work, as well as their job expectations. The results reinforce the need to take into account national contexts when examining journalism education across the globe.
MYmind: Mindfulness training for Youngsters with autism spectrum disorders and their parents
Authors: de Bruin Esther I , Blom René , Smit Franka MA , van Steensel Francisca JA , Bögels Susan M
Published: October 2014

Background:

Despite the dramatic increase in autism spectrum disorder in youth and the extremely high costs, hardly any evidence-based interventions are available. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of mindfulness training for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, combined with Mindful Parenting training.

Method:

A total of 23 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, referred to a mental health clinic, received nine weekly sessions of mindfulness training in group format. Their parents (18 mothers, 11 fathers) participated in parallel Mindful Parenting training. A pre-test, post-test, and 9-week follow-up design was used. Data were analyzed using multi-level analyses.

Results:

Attendance rate was 88% for adolescents and fathers and 86% for mothers. Adolescents reported an increase in quality of life and a decrease in rumination, but no changes in worry, autism spectrum disorder core symptoms, or mindful awareness. Although parents reported no change in adolescent’s autism spectrum disorder core symptoms, they reported improved social responsiveness, social communication, social cognition, preoccupations, and social motivation. About themselves, parents reported improvement in general as well as in parental mindfulness. They reported improved competence in parenting, overall parenting styles, more specifically a less lax, verbose parenting style, and an increased quality of life.

Discussion:

Mindfulness training for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder combined with Mindful Parenting is feasible. Although the sample size was small and no control group was included, the first outcomes of this innovative training are positive.
Evaluating culture: World music and fusion food
Authors: Katz Ruth , Katz Elihu
Published: October 2014

The problem of how to adapt criteria of evaluation to stylistic change will always be with us. Our current era of multiculturalism, postmodernism and globalism, however, confounds the problem almost beyond recognition. Multiculturalism, an heir of cultural relativism, asks us to withhold our evaluation, insisting that all cultures and subcultures deserve to be analyzed only from within themselves, postmodernism has virtually embraced dissonances and incoherence, while globalism promotes a mix-and-match of elements from a medley of cultures. Is there any basis for universal criteria of evaluation? How do/can critics cope? Examples are drawn from ‘world music’, foreign films, and changing fashions in food.
Do Curriculum-Based Measures Predict Performance on Word-Problem-Solving Measures?
Authors: Sisco-Taylor Dennis , Fung Wenson , Swanson H. Lee
Published: October 2014

This study examined whether curriculum-based measures (CBMs) of math word-problem contributed unique variance in predictions of performance on high-stakes tests, beyond the contribution of calculation and reading skills. CBMs were administered to a representative sample of 142 third-grade students at three time points. Results indicate that problem-solving CBMs uniquely predicted a problem-solving composite measure and the California Standardized and Reporting test, and were able to discriminate students at risk and not at risk for math difficulties. Implications for practice are discussed.
SG-HQ2 inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation through suppression of histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Je In-Gyu , Kim Hui-Hun , Park Pil-Hoon , Kwon Taeg Kyu , Seo Seung-Yong , Shin Tae-Yong , Kim Sang-Hyun
Published: October 2014

In this study, we investigated the effect of 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-(8-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)benzamide) (SG-HQ2), a synthetic analogue of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), on the mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation and the possible mechanism of action. Mast cells play major roles in immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic responses by the release of histamine, lipid-derived mediators, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We previously reported the potential effects of gallic acid using allergic inflammation models. For incremental research, we synthesized the SG-HQ2 by the modification of functional groups from gallic acid. SG-HQ2 attenuated histamine release by the reduction of intracellular calcium in human mast cells and primary peritoneal mast cells. The inhibitory efficacy of SG-HQ2 was similar with gallic acid. Enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-4, and interleukin-6 in activated mast cells was significantly diminished by SG-HQ2 100 times lower concentration of gallic acid. This inhibitory effect was mediated by the reduction of nuclear factor-κB. In animal models, SG-HQ2 inhibited compound 48/80-induced serum histamine release and immunoglobulin E-mediated local allergic reaction, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Our results indicate that SG-HQ2, an analogue of gallic acid, might be a possible therapeutic candidate for mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory diseases through suppression of histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Recruitment and retention of urban schoolchildren into a randomized double-blind vitamin D supplementation trial
Authors: Sacheck Jennifer M , Van Rompay Maria I , Olson Elizabeth M , Chomitz Virginia R , Goodman Elizabeth , Gordon Catherine M , Eliasziw Misha , Holick Michael F , Economos Christina D
Published: October 2014

Background:

While rarely used for supplementation trials in the United States, schools present a practical alternative to a clinical setting.

Purpose:

We describe the successful recruitment and retention of urban schoolchildren into a 6-month randomized, double-blind vitamin D3 supplementation trial.

Methods:

Boston-area urban schoolchildren, aged 8–15 years, were recruited in 2011–2012 through classroom and auditorium presentations. Informed consent forms in five languages were sent home to parents. Retention methods included regular telephone calls and gift cards for completed study visits.

Results:

In total, 691 schoolchildren enrolled. Their mean (standard deviation) age was 11.7 (1.4) years; 59% were racial/ethnic minorities and 68% qualified for free or reduced-price school meals. Multi-level, culturally sensitive, creative approaches contributed to success in recruitment and retention. Of 691 participants, 81% completed the 6-month intervention period. Reasons for attrition included missed appointments and fear of a blood draw. More children from households with higher incomes were retained than those from households with lower incomes (85% vs 79%, respectively, P = 0.04).

Limitations:

The need for three fasting blood draws over the 6-month supplementation period was a limiting factor in the recruitment and retention of children in this study.

Conclusion:

Recruitment of urban children into a school-based randomized controlled trial represents a feasible approach for a supplementation study. Particular attention to children of lower socioeconomic status may enhance participation and retention when conducting intervention studies among diverse populations.
Racial Differences in the Accuracy of Perceived Partner HIV Status among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in Atlanta, Georgia
Authors: Grey Jeremy A. , Rothenberg Richard , Sullivan Patrick S. , Rosenberg Eli S.
Published: October 2014

We compared perceptions of partner HIV status to HIV test results in a cross-sectional study of sexual networks of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Atlanta. We then examined differences between black and white MSM in the predictive value of perceived partner status. We recruited men (“seeds”) using time-space venue sampling. These seeds then referred up to three partners, who could also refer partners. All participants reported sexual behavior and HIV status for recent partners and received HIV tests. For partners who enrolled, we compared laboratory diagnoses to their partner’s perception of their status. Black MSM who perceived themselves to be HIV negative were more likely than perceived-negative white MSM to have a positive partner among those they perceived to be HIV negative or whose status was unknown to them (OR=6.6). Furthermore, although frequency of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) was similar by race, black men were more likely to have had UAI with an unknown-positive partner (OR=9.3).
Is Tommy John Surgery Performed More Frequently in Major League Baseball Pitchers From Warm Weather Areas?
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Harris Joshua D. , Tetreault Matthew , Bush-Joseph Charles , Cohen Mark , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: October 2014

Background:

Medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is a common procedure performed on Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers with symptomatic UCL insufficiency, frequently due to overuse. Warm weather climates afford youth pitchers the opportunity to throw year-round, potentially placing them at risk for overuse elbow injuries.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To determine whether the proportion of MLB pitchers who underwent medial UCL reconstruction and who pitched competitive youth baseball in warm weather areas is higher than those from cold weather areas. The hypothesis was that MLB pitchers from warm weather areas were more likely to undergo UCL reconstruction than pitchers from cold weather areas.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods:

All MLB pitchers with symptomatic UCL deficiency who underwent UCL reconstruction as of June 1, 2014, were evaluated. The state/country where they played high school baseball was identified from online reference websites. Warm and cold weather areas were defined by latitude distance from the equator and mean annual temperatures. A chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of MLB pitchers from warm versus cold weather areas who underwent UCL reconstruction. The study was 99.6% powered to detect a 100% effect size (eg, 1% vs 2%) and 71.4% powered to detect a 50% effect size (eg, 1% vs 1.5%) with setting α = .05.

Results:

A total of 247 pitchers were identified who had undergone UCL reconstruction; 139 (56.3%) pitched high school baseball in warm weather areas, 108 (43.7%) pitched in cold weather areas. A significantly higher proportion of pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction (2.2% [95% CI, 1.9%-2.6%]) were from warm weather areas compared with cold weather areas (0.94% [95% CI, 0.78%-1.1%]) ( P < .0001). Warm weather pitchers had a mean (±SD) age of 27.6 ± 0.6 years and had played 4.0 ± 0.6 seasons in MLB at the time of surgery, while cold weather pitchers were aged 28.4 ± 0.8 years and had played 5.0 ± 0.9 seasons in MLB ( P = .089 and P = .047, respectively).

Conclusion:

MLB pitchers who played high school baseball in warm weather climates have undergone medial UCL reconstruction more frequently and earlier in their MLB careers than pitchers who played in cold weather areas.