bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress Reactions of Various Judging Groups to the Child Dental Patient
Authors: Johnson Jay B. , Pinkham Jimmy R. , Kerber Paul E.
Published: November 2010

Dental personnel representing various levels of clinical experience and education in pedodontics were shown slides of potentially stressing situations within the field of pedodontics. Stress was identified through voice analysis by the Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE-101)*. Clinical experience and education in pedodontics does not decrease either absolute or relative amounts of stress. Visual stimuli are capable of eliciting a stressful response. Trained raters can interpret voice prints with a satisfactory degree of inter-rater reliability. The PSF-101 is a valid indicator of stress.
A Thermographic Study of Heat Distribution During Ultra-Speed Cavity Preparation
Authors: Carson John , Rider Thomas , Nash David
Published: November 2010

Thermography was employed to determine the pattern of heat generation, distribution and dissipation during ultra-speed cavity preparation. Results indicate an increase in intrapulpal temperature during cutting procedures. No significant differences in the cooling effectiveness between air-water spray and air alone were found. Thermography appears to be an effective research tool for determining thermal changes.
Extrusion Rheometry of Fluid Materials
Authors: Vermilyea Stanley G. , Huget Eugene F. , De Simon Laszlo B.
Published: November 2010

A capillary extrusion rheometer was developed and tested using Newtonian oils of known viscosity and seven endodontic sealers. The described ap paratus and technique appear appropriate for com parative assessment of the rheological characteristics of a variety of fluid dental materials.
A Three-Dimensional Model of Dentin Apposition
Authors: Przybeck Thomas R. , Molnar Stephen , Suarez Brian K.
Published: November 2010

Since we have found that conventional methods of dentin apposition measurements are inaccurate, we have devised a three dimensional model. This model allows the investigator to measure dentin apposition volumetrically, and simultaneously consider odontoblast activity and the geometric relationships which influence the configuration of the dentin.
The Effect of Time and Force Magnitude on Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Pryputniewicz Ryszard J. , Burstone Charles J.
Published: November 2010

The holographic technique, recently developed for precise and accurate measurement of tooth displacements, was used to study the three-dimensional motion of human teeth. Maxillary central incisors were loaded with forces of 300 grams and 500 grams. Translations and rotations in three-dimensions were measured over 45 seconds. The experimental results, presented as a function of time, indicate that the instantaneous centers of rotation can be represented by space centrodes that are characteristic for each patient and the applied force system.
Intraoral Transmission of Streptococcus mutans by a Dental Explorer
Authors: Loesche Walter J. , Svanberg Mona L. , Pape Harry R.
Published: November 2010

A streptomycin-resistant strain of S. mutans was introduced into the mouth as adherent growth on an artificial fissure (AF). A second AF, which was initially sterile, was placed in a crown on the opposite side of the dentition. The labeled strain was not found in 8 initially-sterile AFs which were left in vivo for 2 to 6 days and were not examined with a dental explorer. The labeled strain was detected in 7 of 9 initially-sterile AFs which were probed with the dental explorer.
Selenium Uptake into Teeth Determined by Fluorimetry
Authors: Johnson J.R. , Shearer T.R.
Published: November 2010

Selenium concentrations in successive layers of bovine incisor enamel showed no concentration gradient and no increase with age. Selenium was taken up into the continuously-growing rat incisor in proportion to the amount of selenium in the diet. A sensitive (~ 1 ng Se) and relatively simple fluorimetric method for determining selenium in small amounts of hard tissues is presented.
The Effect of Stannous Fluoride on Plaque Scores
Authors: White Stephen T. , Taylor Paul P.
Published: November 2010

A homogeneous group of 37 patients was chosen. The first six days involved brushing and rinsing with stannous fluoride compounds for the experimental group and placebo compounds for the control group. The next five days involved rinsing only. There was a significant difference in plaque scores during the period of rinsing only.
New Initiator Systems for Dental Resins Based on Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Antonucci J.M. , Grams C.L. , Termini D.J.
Published: November 2010

Several promising initiator systems for the ambient polymerization of dental monomers were developed utilizing the oxidation-reduction reactions of certain organic peroxides and certain transition metal compounds with L(+) ascorbic acid and its derivatives.
The Influence of Functional Use of Endosseous Dental Implants on the Tissue-implant Interface. I. Histological Aspects
Authors: Brunski John B. , Moccia Aquilante F. , Pollack Solomon R. , Korostoff Edward , Trachtenberg Don I.
Published: November 2010

The tissue-implant interfaces of functional and non-functional endosseous dental implants were compared histologically for up to one year postoperatively. Nonmineralized connective tissue zones (a "fibrous capsule") existed in all functional interfaces. Direct, or nearly direct, bone apposition to implants occurred in non-functional interfaces. The origin of this result and its significance in dental implantology is discussed.
Lack of Effect of Fluoride on Urinary cAMP Excretion in Rats
Authors: Ophaug R.H. , Wong K.M. , Singer L.
Published: November 2010

The urinary excretion of cyclic 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was measured in rats provided a low fluoride diet (< 0.5 ppm) and drinking water containing either 0 or 25 ppm of fluoride. The pMole cAMP/μg creatinine ratio decreased with age but was not influenced by fluoride intake.
Child-rearing Variables Affecting the Preschool Child's Response to Dental Stress
Authors: Venham L.L. , Murray P. , Gaulin-Kremer E.
Published: November 2010

Responses to dental stress were evaluated in 26 pre-school children during an initial examination visit. Child-rearing practices, assessed by home observation and parental report, were correlated with the dental stress measures. Significant relationships emerged which suggest that child-rearing practices influence the child's acquisition of coping skills and stress tolerance.
Personality Factors Affecting the Preschool Child's Response to Dental Stress
Authors: Venham L.L. , Murray P. , Gaulin-Kremer E.
Published: November 2010

Responses to dental stress were evaluated in 26 preschool children during an initial examination visit_ Measures of the children's developmental status and personality were collected during a home visit. Significant relationships emerged which suggest that personality development influences children's ability to tolerate dental stress.
Factors Influencing Capacity to Judge Direction of Tactile Stimulus Movement on the Face
Authors: Dreyer D.A. , Duncan G.H. , Wong C.L. , Whitsel B.L.
Published: November 2010

The influence of stimulus velocity and traverse length on a subject's ability to indicate direction of brush movement across perioral skin was determined using a forced-choice procedure. The data show that correct identification of brush direction increases with traverse length and is optimal for velocities between 3 and 25 cm/sec.
Phase Changes in Base Metal Alloys Along Metal-porcelain Interfaces
Authors: Baran George R.
Published: November 2010

Five commercial, base metal alloys used with porcelain were investigated. After oxidizing heat treatments and the porcelain bake, phase changes occurred in some alloys near the porcelain interface. These changes were due to the depletion of the matrix in alloying elements as a result of the oxidizing treatments.
The Failure of Self-threading Retentive Pins Under Tensile Load
Authors: Schlissel E.S. , Hmelo A.B. , Bilello J.C. , Gwinnett A.J.
Published: November 2010

The resistance of self-threading retentive pins to failure in tension is due primarily to residual compressive forces in dentin generated during pin insertion. Examination of load-elongation curves and photomicrographs of samples also indicated that the interlocking of pin threads with dentin provides only a minor contribution to the peak retentive load.
Exposure Time and the Effect of Hexylresorcinol. on Bacterial Aggregates
Authors: Kraal J.H. , Hussain A.A. , Gregorio S.B. , Akaho E.
Published: November 2010

The bactericidal effect of hexylresorcinol was assessed using bacterial aggregates. Increased drug concentration resulted in decreased survival of bacteria when the aggregates were exposed to hexylresorcinol for at least eight hours. This indicates that this drug may be effective against dental plaque only when available for long periods of time.
Human Gingival Collagenase in Periodontal Disease: The Release of Collagenase and the Breakdown of Endogenous Collagen in Gingival Explants
Authors: Geiger Selly , Harper Elvin
Published: November 2010

Collagen degradation in different stages of gingival inflammation was examined. Higher collagenolytic activity and nonspecific protease activity were found in the severely inflamed gingiva, as compared to mildly inflamed or healthy gingiva. This was shown by electrophoretic studies and measurement of peptide-bound hydroxyproline in the culture.
Isocyanato Urethane Methacrylates Derived from Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate
Authors: Antonucci J.M. , Brauer G.M. , Termini D.J.
Published: November 2010

Isocyanato urethane methacrylates were synthesized from five diisocyanates and hydroxyethyl methacrylate. They may be homopolymerized or copolymerized with other methacrylates by the usual free radical methods of initiation and have potential as adhesion-promoting agents for dentin.
The Effect of Various Restorative Materials on the Microhardness of Reparative Dentin
Authors: Cox Charles F. , Heys Donald R. , Kent Gibbons P. , Avery James K. , Heys Ronald J.
Published: November 2010

This study showed a statistically significant difference between the microhardness of reparative and primary dentin at both five- and eight-week intervals. Reparative dentin from occlusal trauma is harder than reparative dentin underlying a cavity preparation at the 99% level. No statistical difference was noted in the hardness of reparative dentin underlying different materials, but trends were observed.
Effect of Clinical Finishing Procedures on Amalgam Microstructure
Authors: Boyer Daniel B. , Edie John W. , Kai Chiu Chan
Published: November 2010

Spherical amalgam specimens were burnished, burnished-polished, polished (wet), or polished (dry). The amalgams were sectioned normal to the prepared surface, elemental analyses were made at a series of depths from the surface with the electron microprobe and the phase fractions were calculated. Significant variations in phase distributions exist within 100 μm of the surface.
Results of Immunologic Testing in Patients With Erythema Multiforme
Authors: Lozada Francina , Spitler Lynn , Silverman Sol
Published: November 2010

Thirteen patients with oral erythema multiforme were assessed immunologically by skin testing and in vitro tests (lymphocyte transformation and rosettes). The results suggested a possible defect in cell-mediated immunity for most patients in this group.
In vitro Fluoride Uptake, Distribution and Retention by Human Enamel After 1- and 24-Hour Application of Various Topical Fluoride Agents
Authors: Retief D.H. , Sorvas P.G. , Bradley E.L. , Taylor R.E. , Walker A.R.
Published: November 2010

The in vitro fluoride acquisition by human enamel after a 1-hour and 24-hour application of APF, Duraphat (a resin varnish) or Fluor Protector (a polyurethane varnish) and subjection to various procedures was determined. Fluoride acquisition was the greatest in teeth treated with Fluor Protector and the least in APF-treated teeth. Fluoride uptake and distribution were increased by prolonging the contact time between the varnishes and enamel, and fluoride retention was decreased after subsequent exposure to synthetic saliva.
Identification and Localization of a Mucopolysaccharidase in Human Deciduous Teeth
Authors: Alexander S.A. , Swerdloff M.
Published: November 2010

The presence of a mucopolysaccharidase in resorbing deciduous teeth was investigated using histochemical techniques. The loss of toluidine blue metachromasia within glycosaminoglycan film substrates indicated the presence of enzyme activity, and was related to physiologic resorption. Such activity was localized to the periodontal ligament of these teeth.
Materials Science
Authors: Anusavice K.J. , Dehoff P.H. , Fairhurst C.W.
Published: November 2010

Eleven porcelain-fused-to-metal bond tests were analyzed for interfacial shear stress distribution using finite-element stress analysis. Stress concentration effects are significant in ten of the 11 tests. A high probability of tensile failure within porcelain or the interfacial region was found in eight of the 11 tests analyzed.
Influences of Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium Trimetaphosphates on Dental Caries Activity in the Rat
Authors: Shaw James H.
Published: November 2010

The caries-inhibiting abilities of the following trimetaphosphates, Na3(PO3)3, NaCa(PO3)3·H2O, Na4Mg(PO 3)6·xH2O, and Ca3(P3O 9)2·10H2O, were compared when added at approximately equal phosphorus concentrations to a cariogenic diet for rats. Each of these four compounds was found to be equally capable of inhibiting carious lesions in the occlusal sulci.
Effect of Cyanoacrylate Treatment of Cavity Walls
Authors: Fukushi Yoshio , Fusayama Takao
Published: November 2010

Cyanoacrylate treatment of the cavity wall for composite resin restoration failed to keep adhesion when wet, but the marginal closure improved markedly both in vivo and vitro, even when thermal-cycled. It irritated the pulp slightly only at the beginning. Ethylcyanoacrylate was superior to methylcyanoacrylate in regard to adhesion, leakage and pulp response.
Simultaneous Analysis of Respiratory Gases and Nitrous Oxide in Dental Patients
Authors: O'Reilly James E. , Roth Gerald I. , Matheny James L. , Dean Jean E.
Published: November 2010

The simultaneous analysis of respiratory gases in the presence of nitrous oxide is described. The modified gas chromatographic technique used is especially applicable to dental situations where continuous monitoring is not necessary. It employs readily available equipment and does not involve interference with other dental procedures.
Materials Science Measurement of in vivo Corrosion Rates in Baboons, and Correlation with in vitro Tests
Authors: Gettleman Lawrence , Cocks F. Hadley , Darmiento Lisa A. , Levine Phyllis A. , Wright Steve , Nathanson Dan
Published: November 2010

The Linear Polarization Technique was used to determine the polarization resistances and corrosion currents of various dental restorative and implant alloys and amalgams placed in the teeth of animals, and as laboratory samples in artificial saliva. Gold- and chromium-containing alloys corroded the least, and amalgams generated the highest corrosion currents. There was good agreement between measurements made in vivo and in vitro. This is the first time that corrosion currents have been measured in the mouth repeatedly over a long time span. These methods may be developed into useful predictive tests of in vivo corrosion.
H 3-HRP Analysis of the Nerve Supply to Primate Teeth
Authors: Chiego Daniel J. , Cox Charles F. , Avery James K.
Published: November 2010

Sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia located in the head and neck of rhesus monkeys were histologically examined after injection of H3-HRP into the right mandibular premolars and molars. The results showed positive labeling of ganglionic cell bodies located in the ipsilateral trigeminal, superior cervical, and otic ganglia, plus the ipsilateral mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.
Molar Size Sequence in the Great Apes: Gorilla, Orangutan, and Chimpanzee
Authors: Mahler Paul E.
Published: November 2010

In ape dentitions the common molar size sequence is assumed to be M3 > M2 > M1. This sequence is held in contrast to the assumed human sequence, M1 > M2 > M3. Using mesiodistal, buccolingual, and cross-sectional area dimensions, this study indicates that the molar size progression in all three great ape species varies extensively from the assumed sequence.
Clinical Science
Authors: Wampler H. Wade , Tebo Heyl G. , Pinero Gerald J.
Published: November 2010

Specimens of mandibular condyle from human cadavers were employed for scanning electron microscopic and radiographic observations of the articulating surface and underlying bone. Smooth articular surface supported by smooth bone was most frequently observed. Craters and depressions in the articular surface were associated with resorption of underlying bone. Lateral radiographs proved to be of limited value in detecting defects of this type.
Metabolic Activity of Deciduous Porcine Dental Pulp in Different Phases of Root Development
Authors: Siquara-da-Rocha M.C.B. , Nicolau J.
Published: November 2010

The present investigation examined the activities of various enzymes associated with the carbohydrate metabolism in different phases of root development of swine deciduous dental pulps. The data showed that the potential carbohydrate metabolizing capacity of pulpal tissue was greatest in the root forming phase (two months). However, when compared with samples taken from the fully formed root (six months), a higher activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase was found in samples taken from the root resorption phase (nine months).
Factors Affecting the Depth of Cure of UV -polymerized Composites
Authors: Cook Wayne D.
Published: November 2010

Knoop hardness measurements of UV-polymerized dental composites showed that, at a certain depth below the surface, the degree of cure rapidly decreases. The depth of cure was found to be critically dependent on the UV source and exposure time used. A theoretical model was derived which was in quantitative accord with the results.
Predicting Alveolar Bone Loss in Beagles Using Bone-seeking Radiopharmaceutical Uptake
Authors: Jeffcoat M.K. , Kaplan M.L. , Goldhaber P.
Published: November 2010

Measurements of bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake obtained at the beginning of this two-year study of beagles with periodontal disease were correlated with the amount of bone loss which occurred during the study. Uptake correlated with bone loss (r=.85), which suggests that uptake may be an indicator of future bone loss.
Clinical Science Population Distribution of Human Salivary Amylases: Differential Inhibition by Wheat Protein
Authors: Rosenberg Gertzman Gloria B. , Rivas Marian L. , Strumeyer David H.
Published: November 2010

Based upon response to an inhibitor from wheat gliadin, 80 random samples of human salivary amylase were separated into three phenotypic groups. Each phenotype occurred with a high frequency rendering this a polymorphic locus. The susceptibility to the inhibitor may be a useful marker for studies of tendency to caries and periodontal disease as well as for studies of genetic variation and linkage.
Materials Science
Authors: Yu R. , Koran A. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

The stability of the physical properties of various commercially available maxillofacial prosthetic materials was evaluated with the use of an accelerated aging chamber. The tensile strength, maximum percent elongation, shear strength, tear energy, and Shore A hardness were determined before and after accelerated aging. Results indicate that silicone 44210, a RTV rubber, is a promising elastomer for maxillofacial application.
Sexual Differences in Dental Development and Prediction of Emergence
Authors: Demirjian A. , Levesque G.-Y.
Published: November 2010

The dental development of a genetically homogeneous French-Canadian group of children ranging in age from 2.5 to 19 years was evaluated from 5,437 panoramic radiographs by the method of Demirjian et al. 8 The maturity of each mandibular tooth was evaluated individually. For each stage of each tooth, the developmental curves of boys and girls were compared. A common pattern was found for each tooth, namely the chronological similarity -between boys and girls in the early stages of development and the advancement of girls over boys for the later stages. Developmental scores were given to the seven mandibular teeth. Up to five to six years of age, no difference was found in the timing of dental development between boys and girls, in contrast to the older ages where girls were always more developed than boys. When the emergence curve was plotted with developmental curves, a close relation was established between the stage of formation of all teeth and their emergence, hence the predictive value of the use of dental maturity curves in clinics.
Materials Science
Authors: Yu R. , Koran A. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

The effects of accelerated aging on a pigmented elastomer were evaluated by using a weathering chamber. Silastic 44210, a maxillofacial material with proven color and physical property stability, was chosen for pigmentation with 11 maxillofacial pigments. The values of ultimate tensile strength, maximum percent elongation, shear strength, Shore A hardness, and permanent deformation were determined for the pigmented elastomer before and after accelerated aging for 900 h. Results obtained indicate that the incorporation of 0.2% by weight of pigments can alter the physical and mechanical properties of the base elastomer. Accelerated aging had no effect on the physical properties of the pigment/elastomer combinations.
Uptake of Fluoride by Cells of Streptococcus mutans in Dense Suspensions
Authors: Eisenberg A.D. , Marquis R.E.
Published: November 2010

Fluoride uptake by nongrowing cells of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 was assessed by means of the space technique. Uptake was highly concentrative at low fluoride concentrations or low pH. In all, it appeared that fluoride uptake is predictably related to its weak-acid properties and that fluoride can be used, as certain other weak acids are, to estimate intracellular pH.
The Role of Zinc in Dental Amalgams
Authors: Johnson Lewis B. , Paffenbarger George C.
Published: November 2010

Twenty-five Ag-Sn alloys containing various additions of Zn were amalgamated and the amalgams tested for physical properties pertinent to dental restoration use. The mercury retained, dimensional change, compressive strength, and creep were all functions of the Zn content.
Basic Biological Sciences
Authors: Kousvelari Eleni E. , Baratz Robert S. , Burke Bohdona , Oppenheim Frank G.
Published: November 2010

Acidic proline-rich proteins were localized histologically by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase technique in the acinar cells of parotid and submandibular gland sections of both man and Macaca fascicularis. These proteins were also identified as constituents of the long term in vivoformed acquired pellicle on human tooth surfaces employing the same immunoperoxidase technique. Immunological quantitation of proline-rich proteins in whole and parotid saliva of 42 subjects indicates the presence of high concentrations in parotid secretions varying between 19-80 mg%, while their levels in whole saliva are significantly lower, ranging between 0-18 mg%. The concentrations of these proteins in whole saliva exhibited a negative correlation with plaque accumulation (r = -0.464) and gingival index scores (r = -0.576).
Calcium and cGMP in Isolated Rat Parotid Acinar Cells
Authors: Mangos J.A. , Boyd R.L. , Bouchlas D. , Farnham W.
Published: November 2010

The role of calcium ions in the activation of guanylate cyclase and in the propagation of the effects of cGMP during activation of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors was studied in isolated rat parotid acinar cells. It was demonstrated that the requirement for extracellular calcium is complete in the transduction of information from the muscarinic receptor to the guanylate cyclase, and partial in the steps beyond the synthesis of cGMP.
Fluoride Distribution in Teeth Using a Silicate Model
Authors: Swartz M.L. , Phillips R.W. , Clark H.E. , Norman R.D. , Potter R.
Published: November 2010

The fluoride determinations were done on enamel biopsies taken before and after restoration of extracted teeth with silicate cement. Two sites, one near the restoration and one 3 mm or more away from the restoration, were assayed. No difference was noted in pre- and post-restoration biopsies when teeth were restored with a fluoride-free silicate. Post-restoration biopsies at sites near and away from the restoration were significantly higher in fluoride as compared to pre-restoration biopsies when the teeth were restored with a fluoride-con taining silicate.
Comparison of the Glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 to a Non-cariogenic Mutant
Authors: Bozzola John J. , Johnson M. Craig , Shechmeister I.L.
Published: November 2010

The extracellular glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzymes of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 and avirulent mutant GS-511 were fractionated using agarose and DEAE-cellulose columns. GTF of GS-5 produced both water-soluble and -insoluble glucans, while those of GS-511 made soluble products almost exclusively. Nearly all (98%) of the small amount of insoluble GTF enzyme made by GS-511 was bound to the cell wall.
The Effects of Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Phenylephrine on the Types of Proteins Secreted by Rat Salivary Glands
Authors: Abe K. , Yoneda K. , Fujita R. , Yokota Y. , Dawes C.
Published: November 2010

The types of proteins secreted by rat submandibular glands in response to secretory stimulation with epinephrine, norepinephrine, or phenylephrine were dose-dependent. At relatively high doses the proteins secreted were characteristic of α-adrenergic stimulation, whereas at low doses they were characteristic of β-adrenergic stimulation.
Dental Caries Prevalence in Secondary School Students in Iraq
Authors: Legler Donald W. , Al-Alousi Wael , Jamison Homer C.
Published: November 2010

Caries data from 952 secondary school students in Iraq representing three geographic regions were obtained and analyzed on the basis of sex, geographic, and urban-rural differences. A DMFT of 5.47 and a DFS of 6.17 were recorded for the total sample. Greater caries experience was noted in urban residents, females, and those from the Central region.
Relationship Between Dental Caries Experience and Surface Enamel Fluoride Concentration in Young Men from Three Optimally Fluoridated Cities
Authors: Keene Harris J. , Mellberg James R. , Pederson Ernest D.
Published: November 2010

An in vivo enamel biopsy technique was used to determine relationships between dental caries experience and surface enamel fluoride levels in a group of young men from three fluoridated cities on the east coast of the U.S. A significant inverse relationship between enamel thickness and fluoride concentration was observed, and a weak but statistically significant inverse relationship between caries scores and enamel fluoride concentration was noted. The effect was most pronounced in biopsies which did not exceed 5.9 μm in depth.
Some Observations on in vitro Dental Plaques
Authors: Bibby B.G. , Huang C.T.
Published: November 2010

A method is described for growing plaques in vitro in a flow of human saliva. Similarities between these in vitro plaques and natural in vivo plaques are seen in physical properties, bacterial composition, and pH response to sucrose solution.
Characterization of Osteoblast-like Cells from Fetal Rat Calvaria
Authors: Kadis B. , Goodson J.M. , Offenbacher S. , Bruns J.W. , Seibert S.
Published: November 2010

An improved method is described for the isolation of osteoblast-like cells from fetal rat calvaria. The cells are mononuclear, 8.3μ in diameter, alkaline phosphate positive, and possess rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi, and cytoplasmic processes. Isolated bone cells synthesize collagen and cholesterol, grow to confluency in primary culture, and respond to hormonal stimulation.
Evaluation of Irradiated Mandibles Using Emission Tomography, Bone Scans, and Radiography
Authors: Rohrer Michael D. , Kircos Louis T. , Thrall James H. , Kim Young , Fayos Juan V.
Published: November 2010

This study compared radiographs, bone scans, and computed emission tomograms with histologic findings in irradiated mandibles of adult Rhesus monkeys. Although osteocytes were lost in the path of the beam, many vessels were partially or totally occluded, the periosteum degenerated, the marrow became fibrotic, and cancellous bone proliferated abundantly, no changes were noted with radiography, conventional bone scanning, or computed emission tomograms. These clinical methods of examination may misrepresent the true condition of irradiated bone because of inadequate sensitivity or balance among factors that control radioactive tracer uptake in bone.
A Systematic Study of the Plaque Removal Efficiency of Worn Toothbrushes
Authors: Kreifeldt John G. , Hill Percy H. , Calisti Louis J.P.
Published: November 2010

Treated toothbrushes simulating five wear stages were tested on dental hygiene students for their plaque removal effectiveness using a novel sensitive methodology. Increasing brush wear produced considerable decreases in plaque removal with bristle matting being more detrimental than bristle tapering. It is recommended that a brush of conventional design be replaced at the first signs of matting.
Color Stability of New Composite Restorative Materials Under Accelerated Aging
Authors: Powers J.M. , Fan P.L. , Raptis C.N.
Published: November 2010

The color stability of seven microfilled and conventional composites under conditions of accelerated aging was evaluated by reflection spectrophotometry. During early aging the composites generally became darker, more chromatic, and more opaque. The in vitro color stability of the microfilled composites was better and less influenced by erosion than the conventional composites.
Isolated Parotid Acinar Cells from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Morphology and Composition
Authors: Mangos J.A. , Donnelly W.H.
Published: November 2010

Studies of the morphology and composition of isolated parotid acinar cells from patients with cystic fibrosis were conducted. It was demonstrated that these cells are larger than cells from controls and have higher concentrations of amylase, Ca, and Na and lower concentrations of K which is suggestive of functional abnormalities in homeostatic and secretory processes.
Pd-Co Dental Casting Ferromagnetic Alloys
Authors: Kinouchi Yohsuke , Ushita Tomiyuki , Tsutsui Hideo , Yoshida Yukiko , Sasaki Hideki , Miyazaki Takeshi
Published: November 2010

Three kinds of Pd-Co alloys have been newly developed. Their magnetic and physical properties and corrosion resistances have been examined. As a result, it was found that they are available as the dental casting ferromagnetic alloy which can be used in combination with Sm-Co magnets, overcoming such problems as non-castability and brittleness.
Correlation Between Macroscopic Porosity Location and Liquid Metal Pressure in Centrifugal Casting Technique
Authors: Vaidyanathan T.K. , Schulman A. , Nielsen J.P. , Shalita S.
Published: November 2010

Radiographic analysis of uniform cylindrical castings fabricated by the centrifugal casting technique has revealed that the macroscopic porosity is dependent on the location of the sprue attachment to the casting. This is attributed to the significant pressure gradient associated with the centrifugal casting technique. The pressure gradient results in different heat transfer rates at portions of the castings near and away from the free surface of the button. Consequently, the macroscopic porosity is invariably at portions of the casting close to the free surface of the button. In addition, some optimized sprue-reservoir combinations could be predicted and proved, based on this pressure gradient concept.
Kininogen and Kallikrein in Saliva of Periodontally-diseased Subjects
Authors: Sakamoto Wataru , Fukuda Hiroshi , Nishikaze Osamu
Published: November 2010

The kininogen level in saliva was measured by radioimmunoassay, and the kallikrein activity was determined by an enzymatic method with D-Val-Leu-Arg-p-nitroanilide. The kininogen level in the Periodontally-diseased Group was remarkably high compared with that of the Periodontally-healthy Group, but the kallikrein activity was approximately the same in the two groups.
Transductal Fluxes of Water and Monovalent Ions in Ferret Salivary Glands
Authors: Mangos J.A. , Boyd R.L. , Loughlin G.M. , Cockrell A. , Fucci R.
Published: November 2010

The net transductal fluxes of water and monovalent ions were measured in the parotid and submandibular salivary glands of the ferret, Mustela putorius furo, during stimulation of secretion with pilocarpine. The duct systems of these glands were found to be impermeable to water using the split-oil droplet method for stationary microperfusion of lobular and main ducts. The net transductal fluxes of Na +, K+, Cl-, and HCO-3 were characterized by analysis of ductal fluid samples obtained simultaneously from the intercalated, lobular, and main ducts of these glands.
A Mastication Device Designed for the Evaluation of Chewing Gums
Authors: Kleber C.J. , Schimmele R.G. , Putt M.S. , Muhler J.C.
Published: November 2010

A mechanical device designed to simulate the human mastication of chewing gum was used to evaluate the enamel polish, dentin abrasion, and reduction in enamel solubility produced by several commercial gums, as well as experimental gums incorporated with various additives. The results demonstrated that this mastication device was suitable for evaluating in vitro the physical and chemical effects of chewing gums on teeth.
Ca2+- and Mg2+-activated ATP Hydrolysis in Human Tooth Pulp
Authors: Le Bell Yrsa
Published: November 2010

ATP-degrading enzyme activities in pulps ofhealthy and carious human teeth were quantitatively analyzed using the bioluminescence method. The patterns of both Ca2+- and Mg 2+-activated ATP hydrolysis resembled each other. Increased enzyme activities were observed during injured states.
X-ray Diffraction Analysis of γ2 (Sn-Hg) Phase in High Copper Amalgams of Varying Mercury Content
Authors: Malhotra Manohar L. , Asgar Kamal
Published: November 2010

Microstructures of high copper commercial amalgams containing varying amounts of mercury, ranging from 20% above to 25% below recommended values, were primarily investigated by x-ray diffraction. Mechanisms relating to the absence or presence of γ2 (Sn-Hg) phase in these amalgams were discussed in relation to the presence of copper and tin elements in their original alloys. The optimum mercury concentration in some amalgams was determined in order to keep them free of the γ2 (Sn-Hg) phase.
Basic Biological Sciences
Authors: Kuboki Yoshinori , Takagi Tohru , Sasaki Satoshi , Saito Shigeru , Mechanic Gerald L.
Published: November 2010

Cross-linking patterns of the collagen from bovine gingiva, periodontium, and dental pulp were analyzed chromatographically. The ratios of two main cross-links, dihydroxylysinonorleucine to hydroxylysinonorleucine, were 0.18, 0.31, and 0.49 for the bovine gingiva, periodontium, and dental pulp collagen, respectively. These ratios are similar to that of skin collagen rather than that of bone and dentin collagen.
Secretion of Monovalent Ions and Water in Ferret Salivary Glands: A Micropuncture Study
Authors: Mangos J.A. , Boyd R.L. , Loughlin G.M. , Cockrell A. , Fucci R.
Published: November 2010

The acinar mechanisms of secretion of the monovalent ions, Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO-3, and water in the parotid and submandibular glands of the ferret, Mustela putorius furo, were investigated using micropuncture and microanalytical techniques during salivation induced by pilocarpine. The osmolarity and monovalent ionic composition of the primary secretory fluid obtained from the intercalated ducts of these glands were determined.
The Biologic Availability of Fluoride from Alginate Impressions and APF Gel Applications in Children
Authors: Joseph Lecompte E. , Whitford Gary M.
Published: November 2010

Ten child volunteers received routine alginate impressions and APF gel topical applications during separate visits. Whole saliva, urine, and surface enamel fluoride concentrations were measured before and after these procedures. Significant increases in salivary, urinary, and enamel fluoride concentrations were observed following APF gel application but only in whole saliva following alginate impressions.
Materials Science
Authors: Wright David C. , German R.M. , Gallant Robert F.
Published: November 2010

Effects of decreased alloy nobility are measured with respect to copper and silver corrosion activity. A potentiodynamic technique is developed for this analysis. It is shown that copper and silver have characteristic potentials for which individual current densities are maximal. Identification of characteristic potentials allows the definitive analysis of 11 commercial crown and bridge alloys for copper and silver corrosion. It is shown that microstructure, as well as alloy chemistry, plays a major role in determining corrosion resistance.
Optical Properties of Direct Restorative Materials
Authors: Miyagawa Y. , Powers J.M. , O'Brien W.J.
Published: November 2010

The contrast ratio, light reflectivity, scattering coefficient, and absorption coefficient of four composites and an unfilled resin were calculated algebraically from reflection spectrophotometric data using Kubelka's equations. The correlation coefficient between calculated and experimental values of contrast ratio was 0.9996. Values of infinite optical thickness ranged from 4.19 to 6.70 mm.
The Effect of Enamel Surface Reduction in vitro on the Bonding of Composite Resin to Permanent Human Enamel
Authors: Schneider Paul M. , Messer Louise B. , Douglas William H.
Published: November 2010

The shear bond strength between composite resin and human permanent tooth enamel was measured on unabraded tooth surfaces and after mechanical reduction of 0.1 mm and 0.6 mm of the enamel surface. There was a higher bond strength following the reduction of 0.1 mm of the surface (p < 0.05) and 0.6 mm of the surface (p < 0.01). Mechanical surface reduction was associated with increased residual composite at the bond site after debonding.
Pulpal Reaction to Bleaching of Teeth in Dogs
Authors: Sue Seale N. , McIntosh James E. , Taylor Alan N.
Published: November 2010

Hydrogen peroxide and heat are two components of a technique commonly used to bleach human teeth. The effects of these two components on pulp tissue of dog teeth were evaluated histologically. Hydrogen peroxide alone or with heat caused obliteration of odontoblasts, hemorrhage, resorption, and inflammatory infiltration, while heat alone was not detrimental. Pulpal changes demonstrated evidence of reversibility after 60 d.
Evaluation of Fluoride Prophylaxis Pastes
Authors: Wei S.H.Y. , Ngan P.W.K. , Wefel J.S. , Kerber P.
Published: November 2010

The fluoride (F) uptake from two commercial prophylaxis pastes and a newly formulated prophylaxis paste was compared. The enamel fluoride uptake of 26 extracted sound human molars was measured using an acid etch biopsy method. The F uptakes in ppm (mean ± SEM) for the control prophy pastes (C), Zircate treatment paste (Z), an APF paste (Nupro, A), and a new experimental paste (N) were 1145 ± 65, 1245 ± 72, 1857 ± 296, and 1841 ± 321, respectively. The enamel biopsy depths in μm (mean ± S.D.) for the control, Zircate, APF pastes, and Newpaste were 6.64 ± 1.75, 7.4 ± 2.32, 6.55 ± 2.23, and 7.69 ± 1.80. The Newpaste appeared to give a significantly higher fluoride uptake than Zircate and control pastes, but was very similar to an APF paste.
Materials Science
Authors: Kawata Y. , Shiota M. , Tsutsui H. , Yoshida Y. , Sasaki H. , Kinouchi Y.
Published: November 2010

The biocompatibility of three kinds of Pd-Co dental casting ferromagnetic alloys was assessed in a toxicity test in vitro. The test showed that the Pd-Co binary alloy may have weak cytotoxicity, while the Pd-Co-Cr and Pd-Co-Ni ternary alloys may be less cytotoxic. The Pd-Co-Ni alloy was least cytotoxic of the three.
Rheology of Composite Restoratives
Authors: Ferracane J.L. , Moser J.B. , Greener E.H.
Published: November 2010

Cone and plate viscometry was used to characterize the viscosity and pseudoplastic nature of some setting composites and their components. A method for the determination of the end of the working time using the cone and plate results is also introduced.
4-META Opaque Resin — A New Resin Strongly Adhesive to Nickel-Chromium Alloy
Authors: Tanaka T. , Nagata K. , Takeyama M. , Atsuta M. , Nakabayashi N. , Masuhara E.
Published: November 2010

Opaque resins lacking adhesion and mechanical retention devices are required in positioning crowns; the average bond strength in such cases is 60-70 kg/cm2. An adhesive opaque resin containing 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride was prepared for use with acrylic veneer crowns, and its bond strength and durability of adhesion with an alloy were studied. Its bonding strength between cured resin and dental nickel-chromium alloy etched with HCl and oxidized with HNO3 was an average 250 kg/cm2 after immersion in water at 37°C for 30 wk.
Effects of Exogenous Insoluble Glucan Primer on Insoluble Glucan Synthesis by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Fukushima K. , Motoda R. , Ikeda T.
Published: November 2010

The synthesis of water-insoluble glucan by a glucosyltransferase preparation from Streptococcus mutans is associated with a lag period lasting several minutes. The addition of small amounts of glucan containing significant amounts of α-(1→3) linkages causes a marked reduction of the lag 'period with little change in the reaction rate. A similar effect was not observed with other glucans, such as dextran, dextrin, and cellulose.
Forming of Cast Precious Metal Alloys
Authors: Baran G. , Woodland E.C.
Published: November 2010

A method based on a generalized strain hardening function was used to obtain and describe the true stress-true strain behavior of alloys. Integration of the function allowed calculation of the work needed to deform the alloys. This technique is suggested as a means of assessing alloy formability.
Direct Measurement of Loads at the Temporomandibular Joint in Macaca arctoides
Authors: Brehnan K. , Boyd R.L. , Laskin J. , Gibbs C.H. , Mahan P.
Published: November 2010

Loads at the articulating surface of the head of the condyle were recorded in one male adult Macaca arctoides. Following surgical implantation of the pressure-sensitive foil, the monkey was given hard and soft foods to chew. Loads were recorded during incisal biting and molar chewing.

The bite data showed the following: The condylar head was loaded during molar chewing with a maximum load of 1-3 lb. The condylar head was loaded with a larger load of 3-4 lb during incisal biting.
Storage of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells in a Combination of Different Media
Authors: Blomlof L.
Published: November 2010

Different types of storage media have been studied for use in the replantation of exarticulated teeth. It was found that human periodontal ligament cells survived well in milk. Fifty percent of the cells were viable after 12 hours' storage in milk, while no cells were viable after three hours' storage in saliva. Brief storage in saliva followed by subsequent storage in milk was better than storage in saliva only.
Dissolution Rate Behavior of Fluoridated Apatite Pellets
Authors: Okazaki M. , Moriwaki Y. , Aoba T. , Doi Y. , Takahashi J.
Published: November 2010

The dissolution rate of synthetic fluoridated apatite pellets with various fluoride content was measured in acetate buffer solution at pH 4.0. The dissolution rate decreased with degree of fluoridation. The rate decreased greatly at low fluoride levels. The experimental data were analyzed by means of a diffusion-controlled model and compared with the solubility data. This model showed that the initial dissolution rate is greatly affected by both the solubility and the overall mass transfer resistance. Overall mass transfer resistance is affected by fluoride content.
SEM and Microprobe Analyses of Enamel-metal-fluoride Interactions
Authors: Clarkson B.H. , Wefel J. , Edie J. , Wilson M.
Published: November 2010

SEM and microprobe analysis of enamel, pre-treated with polyvalent metals followed by APF application, showed the presence of surface coatings, but very little penetration of fluoride or metal into the subsurface enamel. However, in vitro caries-like lesion formation in the pre-treated enamel was retarded to a greater extent than in APF-only treated enamel.
The Kinetics of Mineralization of Human Dentin in vitro
Authors: Koutsoukos P.G. , Nancollas G.H.
Published: November 2010

The prospect of restoration of damaged dental tissues has recently attracted great interest. An understanding of the remineralization of human dentin in vitro was attempted by using supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions at sustained supersaturation by means of a constant solution composition method. The direct growth of HAP from solutions of low supersaturation on powdered whole human dentin was confirmed. Moreover, it was found that the kinetics were similar to those of the seeded growth at synthetic HAP. A high apparent activation energy pointed to a surface-controlled mechanism.
Comparison of Streptococcus mutans Concentrations in Non-banded and Banded Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Corbett J.A. , Brown L.R. , Keene H.J. , Horton I.M.
Published: November 2010

The effect of orthodontic banding on the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans in plaque was evaluated by comparisons between patients wearing bands and patients just prior to banding on the basis of treatment and/or dental caries history. Banded patients had significantly higher levels of S. mutans in plaque than did their non-banded counterparts. Regardless of banding, patients with a history of caries had significantly higher levels of S. mutans in plaque and greater numbers of S. mutans- infected sites than did caries-free patients. Caries-free banded patients had more S. mutans- infected sample sites than did the caries-free non-banded group.
Marginal Adaptation of BIS-GMA-based Composites Containing Various Diluents
Authors: Brauer G.M. , Dulik D.M. , Hughes H.N. , Dermann K. , Rupp N.W.
Published: November 2010

Marginal leakage is a result of inadequate marginal seal. Curing shrinkage of the resin is a major contributor to breaking the margin seal. The chemical structure and concentration of the diluent in the resin formulation affects curing shrinkage and marginal adaptation of composite restorations.
Basic Biological Sciences
Authors: Steidler N.E. , Reade P.C.
Published: November 2010

The proliferation of bovine odontogenic epithelial (OE) and mesenchymal (OM) cells cultured in the presence of varying concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was examined. After a delay of two to three d, EGF-supplemented cultures contained significantly more cells than did controls. This effect was dose-dependent, was maximal at 10-9 g EGF/ml for OE and 10-8 g EGF/ml for OM, and was dependent on the presence of serum in the culture medium. The results suggest the possibility that EGF may play a role in the control of odontogenic cell proliferation in vivo.
The Effect of Herpes Virus Infection on the Membrane Potential of Parotid Acinar Cells
Authors: Weigel R.J. , Fritz M.E. , Nahmias A.J.
Published: November 2010

Monolayers of feline parotid acinar cells were infected with feline rhinotracheitis herpes virus. Membrane potentials and input resistances were measured before and during infection. Uninfected acinar cells had an average membrane potential of -51 m V and resistances from 6 to 120 mega-ohms; cells infected for more than 18 h had an average membrane potential of -19 mV and resistances from 30 to 100 mega-ohms. The time course of the decrease in membrane potential was studied and was found to commence about ten to 14 h after infection.