bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Should Naturalists Believe in the Anthropocene?
Authors: Tait Morgan C.
Published: May 2019

The concept of the Anthropocene draws attention to human activity's impact on the planet at the geological scale. It is tempting to reason that like evolution, a heliocentric solar system or quantum mechanics, climate science compels us to accept as real a radical new ontology, the ‘anthroposphere’, with far-reaching social and political consequences. I wish to argue that this temptation should be resisted. The Anthropocene cannot be understood entirely as a natural scientific phenomenon, although it can be treated as such for certain purposes. It is also an irreducibly social phenomenon. This is not to say that it is a socially constructed concept like nationhood, but that it is constituted by natural causal processes that are irreducibly entangled with social causal processes. Adopting the Anthropocene as a working concept therefore requires that we understand the causal processes involved in bringing it about as social causal processes, while also viewing these processes as objectual, open to public scrutiny and capable of compelling public assent. Social causes are not, however, easily subjected to such a naturalistic treatment. I conclude that the Anthropocene is not currently a suitable candidate for inclusion in a naturalist ontology.
PERAN BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL KABUPATEN BLITAR DALAM MEWUJUDKAN MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN BLITAR BEBAS NARKOBA
Authors: Karyoto Karyoto , Aprilia Defi
Published: May 2019

Narkoba adalah bahan atau zat yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi kejiwaan seseorang baik pikiran, perasaan, maupun perilaku serta dapat menyebabkan ketergantungan fisik dan psikologi. Pemakaian narkoba yang disalahgunakan dan tidak sesuai dengan standar dapat mengakibatkan kerugian bagi individu atau masyarakat. Menurut Kepala BNN Kabupaten Blitar AKBP. Agustianto, SH.,MH menyampaikan. Sesuai data Polres Blitar selama tahun 2016 sebanyak 60 pelaku peredar narkoba telah diamankan. Sementara itu, 32 % pengguna narkoba adalah kalangan pelajar, sehingga kondisi ini harus benar-benar menjadi perhatian semua pihak untuk memutus mata rantai peredaran narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Badan Narkotika Nasional Kabupaten Blitar dalam Mewujudkan Masyarakat Kabupaten Blitar Bebas Narkoba. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sosiologis empiris. Sumber data primer yang dijadikan informan yaitu pihak BNN Kabupaten Blitar dan sasaran kegiatan BNN Kabupaten Blitar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi,wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh simpulan  hasil sebagai berikut. Peran Badan Narkotika Nasional Kabupaten Blitar dalam upaya pencegahan antara lain melalui diseminasi informasi dan advokasi pada masyarakat di Kabupaten Blitar terutama di wilayah yang termasuk daerah rawan akan adanya penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap narkoba. Peran Badan Narkotika Nasional Kabupaten Blitar dalam upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat antara lain melalui pemberdayaan yang berbasis pada peran aktif masyarakat. Peran Badan Narkotika Nasional Kabupaten Blitar dalam upaya pemberantasan yaitu upaya pemberantasan melalui kegiatan analisis intelegen produk, kegiatan upaya pemberantasan melalui analisis intelegen taktis, dan kegiatan upaya pemberantasan melalui pemetaan jaringan.
Influence of Two Root Canal Obturation Techniques with Resin Based Sealer to Enterococcus faecalis Penetration
Authors: Subrata Aryadi , Prahasti Anastasia Elsa , Iskandar Bernard Ongki
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Root canal treatment is done to maintain the teeth to last as long as possible in the oral cavity. This can be done with three main stages, such as biomechanical preparation, sterilization and root canal filling. The hermetic seal of root canal filling has an important role in the success of root canal treatment. Objective: The aim of this in-vitro study is to compare the microbial leakage of root canals filled with RealSeal sealer/Resilon Points and AH Plus sealer/conventional gutta-percha points using single cone obturation technique and warm vertical compaction technique. Methods: Thirty-two extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals were decoronated to a standardized root length of 15 mm and prepared using crown-down technique to a master apical file size 30/.09. Teeth were divided into four experimental groups (n = 7 each group) and controls (n = 1 each group). Teeth in the first group were obturated using single master gutta percha cone and AH Plus sealer and second group were obturated with single Resilon gutta percha cone using RealSeal sealer. Third experimental group was filled with warm vertical condensed gutta-percha using AH Plus sealer and fourth group was filled with warm vertical condensed Resilon gutta-percha using RealSeal sealer. The coronal chamber of each sample were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. Results: There were no significant differences between the four experimental groups (P = 0.182). The differences occurred only in the survival time from each group. Group 4 (Warm Vertical Condensation - RealSeal) has the lowest leakage rate among other groups and the fastest leakage occurred in group 1 (Single Cone - AH Plus). Conclusion: The single-cone techniques does not insure durable apical seal against bacterial leakage. Warm vertical compaction technique using Resilon gutta-percha and RealSeal sealer appears to be more effective in minimizing bacterial leakage than gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer.
De la conciencia al lenguaje: una ampliación en la comprensión de la experiencia humana
Authors: Blanco Duran Denisse
Published: May 2019

Algunas nociones como “demo-cracia participativa”, “ejercicio ciudadano”, “pluralismo”, “multiculturalismo” y “reconocimiento de minorías”, entre otras, están siendo fuertemente discutidas y defendidas en diferentes ámbitos de la sociedad. A la base de todas estas ideas se encuentra el paradigma del lenguaje y una caracterización específica de la experiencia humana: ¿siempre se ha tenido? ¿Cuáles son los orígenes de este tipo de paradigma? ¿Cuál ha sido la cuota de responsabilidad de la filosofía en la dinámica de estas actuales demandas? El trabajo que presentamos a continuación pretende dar una posible respuesta a estos interrogantes.
KUR’ÂN’DA CEHÂLET KAVRAMININ ANLAM ALANI
Authors: Alrawashdeh Ziyad
Published: May 2019

Bu
çalışma cehalet kavramının Kur’ân, klasik mucemler ve Arap şiirindeki kullanımlarını
incelemektedir. Çalışmada bu kökten müştak kelimeler dilbilim ve etimolojik tahlil
metodu ile ele alınarak tarihi süreçte kazandığı yeni manalar ortaya
konulmuştur. Öte yandan Kur’ân’ın açıklaması mesabesinde olan bazı rivayetlerde
(hadîs-i şerîf) cehalet kavramının farklı kullanımları da aynı analiz metoduyla
incelemeye dâhil edilmiştir. Yine kavramın Kur’ân’da kazandığı yeni anlamlar ile
Câhiliyye dönemi Arap dilindeki manaları arasındaki anlam farklılıkları
çalışmada irdelenen bir başka husustur
مراجعة نقدية لتفسير المودودي
Authors: Khân Muhammed Nezîr
Published: May 2019

أبو الأ على المودودي من
العلماء الذين يسمع دوّي صوتهم على مستوى العالم، و تقرأ كتبهم على أوسع نطاقه،
خصوصا تفسيره تفهيم القرآن، فإنّه قلّما تخلو منه متكبة علمية في الجامعات او
المدارس الإ سلا مية. وكان الهدف الأساسي من هذا التّفسير – كما أفاد بنفسه- هو
تزويد العوّام من النّاس بالفهم الصّحيح للقرآن الكريم، و تطليعهم علىمتطلبات
القرآن منهم  في جميع مجالات حياتهم فردا و
مجتمعا، دون إشغالهم في المباحث الفلسفيّة و الآراء التفسيرية؛ و المؤلّف يُرى -
إلى حدّ كبير- موفّقاَ في  تحقيق ما أراد،
حيث يشهد على ذلك إقبال عدد هائل من النّاس على قراء ته من ناحية، حيث
تم نقل كتبه إلى أكثر من ست عشرة لغة، و
أخرى، اختياره كمقرّر دراسيّ في المعاهد التّعليميّة على المستويات المختلفة، إلّا
 أن المودودي قد خاض في بعض المعارك
والمغامرات العلميةالّتي أصبحت محل النّقاش بين 
العلماء البارزين عربا وعجما، 
وأثارت جدلا في الأوساط العلميّة؛وهذه الأوراق تتوخّى دراسة محايدة لمنهج المودوديفي
تفسيره،وإبراز تلك  المواضع وتحليلها
فقه الشورى في القرآن الكريم
Authors: Najım Jamal
Published: May 2019

هذا البحث يسلِّط الضَّوء على الشَّورى كمصطلح
قرآني يحدد ملامح الحياة السياسيَّة للمسلمين، وقد تناول أهميَّة الشورى في
حياتهم، وضرورة تفعيل هذا المبدأ من جديد باعتباره متفوِّقا على الأنظمة التي
تشبهه بالصورة كالديمقراطيَّة؛ ذلك أنَّه تنزيلٌ إلهيٌّ وليس وضعا بشريا، كما
يتناول الفرق بين الشُّورى الحقيقيَّة والشُّورى الصُّوريَّة، لأنّ رافضي الشورى
بصورتها الحقيقية يحرصون على صورة الشُّورى وليس على حقيقتها؛ ذرَّا للرَّماد في
العيون وإيهاما منهم أنَّهم يلتزمون قيمَ الحكم الرَّشيد. ويتناول أيضا أهمية
الشُّورى وإلزاميَّتها، ويبيِّن من هم أهلُها، ونطاقها، والنتائج الإيجابيَّة
المترتَّبة على ممارستها، ونتائج عدم الاحتكام إليها. وتتميما للفائدة يعقد مقارنة
بين الشُّورى والدِّيمقراطيَّة، وقد ظهرت من خلال هذه المقارنة أوجه التَّشابه
والاختلاف بينهما
السيرة النبوية والتفسير بالمأثور(دراسة منهجية تطبيقية)
Authors: Kaya Aykut , Al-zyout Abdullah Ahmad
Published: May 2019

هذه
الدراسة سلطت الضوء على بيان العلاقة بين عِلمي السيرة النبوية والتفسير بالمأثور.
وذلك بهدف  علم السيرة وعلم التفسير
بالمأثور، وتوضيح كيفية العلاقة بينهما من حيث جوانب الاشتراك ـ كالتعامل مع
الروايات، وكون كل منهما مصدراً للآخر ــ ومن حيث جوانب الاختلاف بينهما كطريقة
عرض الروايات، ومجالات الموضوع، وقد توصلت إلى عدة نتائج من أبرزها عمق العلاقة
بين السيرة النبوية وبين التفسير بالمأثور، واعتماد كل منهما على الآخر.
آراء المفسرين في معنى الفاحشة الواردة في آيتي الحبس والايذاء (دراسة نقدية مقارنة)
Authors: Al-zyout Abdullah Ahmad , Al-zyout Abdulmevla
Published: May 2019

تتناول هذه الدراسة آراء
المفسرين في معنى الفاحشة الواردة في آيتي الحبس والايذاء ــ وهما الآيتان الخامسة
عشرة  والسادسة عشرة من سورة النساء ــ بهدف
الوصول إلى القول الراجح، المؤيد بالبراهين الواضحة، والمشفوع بمناقشة أدلة الفريق
الآخر.

وقد عمدت هذه الدراسة إلى
استقراء الأقوال التفسيرية القديمة والحديثة، فعرضتها ودرست أدلتها دراسة متأنية،
ثم بينت القول الرأي الراجح بالأدلة الواضحة، ودَفَعت الاعتراضات الواردة على هذا الرأي
الراجح.

وقد
خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى  عدة نتائج، من
أبرزها: أن الراجح في  معنى الفاحشة في هذا
السياق هو الزنا، وأن الثابت عن مجاهد ـ رحمه الله ـ في تفسيره للاسم الموصول (
اللذان) الرجلان الزانيان ، وليس إتيان الرَّجلُ الرَّجلَ، وأن عقوبة الحبس غير
معمول بها؛ لأنها كانت ممدودة إلى غاية، وأما عقوبة الأذى فلا تتعارض مع إقامة
الحدِّ على الزانيين، وأن السبيل كان مُجملاً  وقد بينه الحديث  النبوي الصحيح
دروس التفسير بـــ"دار الفنون" في الفترة الانتقالية بين الدولة العثمانية والجمهورية التركية
Authors: Çalışkan Muhammed Selman
Published: May 2019

بدأت مناقشة المدارس الدينية مع حركات التغريب في الدولة
العثمانية وتم البدء في إنشاء مؤسسة تعليمية عالية بديلة للمدارس في الربع الأخير من
القرن التاسع عشر، وكانت هناك ثلاث محاولات من 1845م حتي 1881م فشلت في تأسيس "دَار
الفُنُون" (الجامعة). كانت "دار الفنون الشَّاهَانَه (الملكية)"
دار الفنون الأولى التي أسست في عام 1900م، وكانت مستمرة من حيث التنظيم والهيكل
العلمي، هذه الدار أيضا هي دار الفنون الأولى التي تشمل فرعًا يوفر التعليم الديني
"العلوم العالية الدينية". وهنا دار الفنون الأخرى التي لديها فرع مماثل
هي؛ "دار الفنون العثمانية" و"دار الفنون إِسْطَنْبُول". ومن
الملاحظ أن جميع هذه الفروع لها دورة للتفسير في المناهج الدراسية، وتم تحديد ساعة
الدورة الأسبوعية على أنها ثلاثة ساعات. مَنَاسْتِرْلِي إِسْمَاعِيل حَقِّي، وكَرَجِي
سَعِيد، وبَرْغَامَالِي أَحْمَد جَوْدَتْ وآسِتَانَلِي مَصْطَفى شَوْكَتْ هم
المعلمون الذين ألقوا محاضرات عن التفسير. أخذ المعلمون في دروس التفسير بعين
الاعتبار السور والآيات المختارة وتفسيرها باللغة التركية وكانوا يستفيدون بكتب
مختلفة في التفسير ويلقون الضوء في التوجه نحو منهج التفسير الحالي. وأعقب
الموضوعات المتعلقة بتاريخ التفسير على حسب أصول الطبقات مع أسماء التفاسير
Quelle démocratie pour l’autonomie et le bien-vivre ?
Authors: Castoriadis Cornelius
Published: May 2019

Issu de conférences prononcées à Rome, en 1994, et à New York, en 1995, le texte 1 dont sont extraits ici des passages, constitue l’une des meilleures introductions à la notion de démocratie telle que Castoriadis l’a conçue au cours de plusieurs écrits qu’il lui a consacrés. Concevant la démocratie moins comme une technique de pouvoir que comme un régime laissant libre cours à la politique, entendue comme la libre expression des individus poursuivant un but commun dans la sphère publique, il lui assignait l’horizon de favoriser l’autonomie et le bien-vivre des membres de la Cité.
Pour l’écologie, pour la démocratie
Authors: Chollet Antoine
Published: May 2019

Antoine Chollet, qui dans notre revue avait déjà discuté le lien écologie-démocratie chez Cornelius Castoriadis 1 , dont il est un spécialiste, et qui dans ses ouvrages s’est illustré par sa défense de la démocratie directe en Suisse, où il enseigne, revient sur une thématique dont l’importance axiologique et stratégique pour les écologistes n’a pas toujours été suffisamment perçue. Il montre que les réflexes anti-écologistes du peuple sont un mythe et qu’il n’est pas déraisonnable de lui faire confiance dans la mesure où la pratique démocratique suppose « une connaissance de cause » en vue du bien commun. Ancrées dans une pragmatique du présent, la démocratie et ses institutions sont aussi l’outil par lequel le niveau local peut être dépassé pour affronter la crise écologique à son niveau planétaire.
Prendre des décisions par consensus ou consentement
Authors: Picardeau Juliette , Silberzahn Léna
Published: May 2019

Pourquoi le consensus ou le consentement ? Comment structurer le processus de prise de décision, par quelles étapes faut-il passer ? Comment éviter de reproduire les inégalités de pouvoir ?
Déclaration finale du « 1 er Sommet des sept peuples parmi les plus pauvres » (1989)
Authors: TOES 89
Published: May 2019

En marge du G7 qui se tint à Paris en 1989, le contre-sommet organisé par la mouvance alternative TOES (The other economic summit) adopta le 15 juillet 1989, en coïncidence avec les célébrations du bicentenaire de la Révolution française, une déclaration finale adressée au Secrétaire général des Nations unies. Survenant dans le contexte de la politique des « réformes structurelles » imposée au Sud par le Fond monétaire international, cette déclaratoin affirmait qu’« une révision radicale du modèle de développement que le Nord impose au Sud est indispensable, et cela dans l’intérêt du Nord et pas seulement du Sud ». Elle ne réclamait pas seulement l’annulation de la dette des pays du Sud, mais aussi la réduction de la vente d’armes avec l’affectation des économies relatives au développement des peuples et « un système de contrôle de la consommation d’énergie, capable de décourager le développement des modes de production et de consommation qui se sont révélés destructeurs de la nature et des sociétés ».
Avec la mondialisation, l’hégémonie n’est plus possible !
Authors: Badie Bertrand , Dessendier Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

Auteur d’un ouvrage intitulé Quand le Sud réinvente le monde. Essai sur la puissance de la faiblesse 1 , Bertrand Badie aborde les enjeux de pouvoirs mondiaux dans une optique à contre-courant de celle couramment médiatisée qui va de la vindicte aux louanges béates de la mondialisation. Si son propos semble parfois dissocier des faits que nous considérons liés en tant que conséquences du mode de production capitaliste mondialisé – comme la paupérisation pour le plus grand nombre qui accompagne les concentrations de richesses entre de moins en moins de mains et la montée de mouvements politiques identitaires –, il montre néanmoins que, très loin d’être le problème, la mondialisation est au cœur d’une gouvernance alternative du monde.
Le biorégionalisme américain
Authors: Rollot Mathias
Published: May 2019

Auteur du premier et tout récent ouvrage francophone se revendiquant explicitement du courant biorégionaliste 1 , Mathias Rollot comprend le biorégionalisme américain comme un outil éthique, tant écologique que politique et social, qui travaille les problématiques contemporaines de nos territoires. Aux côtés de la littérature historique sur la question, il affronte, pour ce faire, les différentes acceptions de la nation, leurs sociohistoires, dérives et récupérations variées.
Le Grand Partage
Authors: Descola Philippe
Published: May 2019

L’ouvrage de Philippe Descola, Par-delà nature et culture , dont nous présentons quelques extraits de son épilogue 1 , a été une puissante remise en question du « grand partage » que la modernité occidentale a produit entre nature et culture. En s’appuyant sur des exemples abondants en ethnographie, il a montré que de nombreuses sociétés ont su vivre et vivent en interaction avec la nature et que leurs activités quotidiennes ne pouvaient être disjointes de celle-ci. À l’aune des débats actuels en écologie, les analyses et les propositions théoriques de cet ouvrage viennent (ré)interroger notre rapport à la nature et nous invitent à (re)penser la relation que notre modernité occidentale entretient avec les non-humains.
Se réapproprier la protection de la nature
Authors: Chopot Antoine
Published: May 2019

Comment œuvrer au rapprochement entre protection de la nature et construction politique de l’autonomie ? Cet article entrevoit la possibilité de cette rencontre, nourri par quelques expériences de terrain à la coopérative Longo Maï, l’un des projets d’autonomie collective les plus anciens en France, voire en Europe (depuis 1973), ainsi qu’à la ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes, lors de sorties avec des occupants et des membres des « naturalistes en lutte ». À quelles conditions la protection de la nature rejoint-elle la prise en charge de nos vies et vice versa  ?
« Je t’aime – Moi non plus »
Authors: Lauwers Margot
Published: May 2019

Convergence des pensées et pratiques du féminisme et de l’écologie, l’écoféminisme a dû surmonter les soupçons d’« essentialisme » qui le renvoyaient aux figures de la Femme et de la Nature reproductrices. Né en France mais resté longtemps sous le boisseau, le vocable avait déjà trouvé une expression concrète aux États-Unis. Participant d’un renouveau en France des études sur l’écoféminisme, Margot Lauwers, auteure d’une thèse sur les manifestations littéraires de l’écoféminisme contemporain (2014), brosse un tableau historique et intellectuel de ce courant de pensée promis à s’approfondir et à enrichir de ses valeurs sensibles et « corporelles » l’écologie politique.
La démocratie atomisée ?
Authors: Topçu Sezin , Sternberg Alice
Published: May 2019

Historienne et sociologue des techniques, Sezin Topçu a publié un ouvrage important sur La France nucléaire 1 dans lequel elle a analysé le succès de la nucléarisation dans ce pays malgré les fortes résistances citoyennes. Nous revenons avec elle sur l’histoire de ces mouvements de contestation qui ont durablement façonné l’engagement écologiste en France, mais aussi sur les techniques de pouvoir singulières qui ont accompagné une nucléarisation française à marche forcée.
Internet, un espace politique
Authors: Bortzmeyer Stéphane
Published: May 2019

Ingénieur spécialiste en réseaux informatiques, fin connaisseur de l’infrastructure de l’Internet, Stéphane Bortzmeyer aborde les questions politiques qui lui sont propres à partir de son fonctionnement technique. Il aide à nous défier des divagations sensationnalistes que l’on rencontre dans la presse et sur lesquels bon nombre d’entre nous se fondent malheureusement pour se faire une opinion sur ces sujets. Dans son récent livre, Cyberstructure 1 , dont nous reproduisons une partie de la conclusion, il rend particulièrement accessible à tous les utilisateurs de l’Internet – au-delà des spécialistes de la technique – la compréhension de ces enjeux politiques : du rôle des puissants GAFA (Google, Amazon, Facebook et Apple) à l’espionnage pratiqué par les États sur les communications numériques, en passant par le partage des œuvres culturelles et la rémunération des auteurs.
Hybrid Adaptive Computational Intelligence-based Multisensor Data Fusion applied to real-time UAV autonomous navigation
Authors: Paulino Ângelo De Carvalho , Guimarães Lamartine Nogueira Frutuoso , Shiguemori Elcio Hideiti
Published: May 2019

Nowadays, there is a remarkable world trend in employing UAVs and drones for diverse applications. The main reasons are that they may cost fractions of manned aircraft and avoid the exposure of human lives to risks. Nevertheless, they depend on positioning systems that may be vulnerable. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that these systems are as accurate as possible, aiming to improve the navigation. In pursuit of this end, conventional Data Fusion techniques can be employed. However, its computational cost may be prohibitive due to the low payload of some UAVs. This paper proposes a Multisensor Data Fusion application based on Hybrid Adaptive Computational Intelligence - the cascaded use of Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (FCM) and Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) algorithms - that have been shown able to improve the accuracy of current positioning estimation systems for real-time UAV autonomous navigation. In addition, the proposed methodology outperformed two other Computational Intelligence techniques.
Analysis of the severity of occupational injuries in the mining industry using a Bayesian network
Authors: Mirzaei Aliabadi Mostafa , Aghaei Hamed , kalatpuor Omid , Soltanian Ali Reza , Nikravesh Asghar
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES: Occupational injuries are known to be the main adverse outcome of occupational accidents. The purpose of the current study was to identify control strategies to reduce the severity of occupational injuries in the mining industry using Bayesian network (BN) analysis.METHODS: The BN structure was created using a focus group technique. Data on 425 mining accidents was collected, and the required information was extracted. The expectation-maximization algorithm was used to estimate the conditional probability tables. Belief updating was used to determine which factors had the greatest effect on severity of accidents.RESULTS: Based on sensitivity analyses of the BN, training, type of accident, and activity type of workers were the most important factors influencing the severity of accidents. Of individual factors, workers’ experience had the strongest influence on the severity of accidents.CONCLUSIONS: Among the examined factors, safety training was the most important factor influencing the severity of accidents. Organizations may be able to reduce the severity of occupational injuries by holding safety training courses prepared based on the activity type of workers.
Natural Ventilation in Isolated Subsurface Structures in the Infrastructure: A Review
Authors: McManus Thomas Neil , Haddad Assed N.
Published: May 2019

The subsurface infrastructure contains many types of structures. Some are networked together in open systems while others are completely independent from each other. This study provides a summary of findings concerning ventilation induced by natural forces from reports published in the literature + additional unreported information concerning isolated subsurface structures. Isolated subsurface structures meet criteria for classification as confined spaces. Isolated subsurface structures experience two-way exchange of the internal atmosphere with the external atmosphere when the manhole cover or access hatch contains one or more openings. This finding is not appreciated by current practitioners of occupational health and safety knowledgeable in the area of confined spaces. Presently identified factors influencing ventilation induced by natural forces include the number/area of openings in the manhole cover, differences in temperature between the interior airspace and the external atmosphere, and air movement along the surface of the ground. Additional factors could include size or number of individual openings, placement of openings in the manhole cover or hatch, shape of the openings, and shape of the path followed during air exchange. In some cases, application of additional analysis provides information contained in the data but not presented in these documents. Demonstrating and understanding the interaction between these factors will enable optimization of design to maximize the rate of air exchange. Optimizing the rate of air exchange is essential to minimizing to the extent possible the risk posed to passersby and to workers engaged in preparation for entry and work inside these structures.
Assessment of Technologies for Measuring Exposure to NO2 during Welding on Aluminum Alloys
Authors: McManus Thomas Neil , Haddad Assed
Published: May 2019

Arc welding is a complex process that results in many air contaminants of health significance to humans. As a result, regulators worldwide require employers to determine exposure of welders and other workers to these contaminants. The very small Exposure Limit for NO2 limits the technology available for assessing exposure. Bias caused by ozone, a known interferent in the measurement of NO2, is a major concern. This investigation involved side-by-side comparison of results provided by handheld instruments containing electrochemical sensors for NO2 to those produced by an air pollution analyzer specific to NO2 using bag samples of plumes collected during production welding (Gas Shielded Metal Arc Welding [GMAW] commonly known as Metal Inert Gas [MIG welding]) on aluminum alloys. The shield gas was argon. Monitoring to confirm utility of the method was performed on welders. Results from all instruments were similar despite differences in measurement technology and instrument and sensor manufacturer. Levels experienced during confirmatory testing on welders to determine exposures of short duration and long intermittency as occur during real-world activity were comparable to the Threshold Limit Value for NO2 of 0.2ppm (parts per million) expressed as a Time-Weighted Average over 8 hours, and were less than the Ceiling Limit of 1ppm used by some jurisdictions. Hand-held instruments containing electrochemical sensors for NO2 and datalogging capability are suitable for use in this application. The ability to draw the sample to the instrument by a pump is an important consideration in providing welder safety and protecting the instrument.
Jordanian Nursing Homes: Admission Policy Analysis
Authors: Hayajneh Audai A. , Ivanov Luba Louise , Rababa Mohammad
Published: May 2019

DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM SITUATION: Although the elderly have many physical, mental, and psychosocial needs, nursing homes are still a new emergent concept in Jordan. Moreover, the elderly who have access to nursing homes, are often not admitted, based on specific criteria, nor have access to governmental funds. The elderly that are admitted to nursing homes are admitted for a myriad of reasons, such as families’ desires, referrals from the ministry of social welfare due to socioeconomic issues, health issues (i.e. disability), and absence of caregivers (Al-Qudah, 2011). What is lacking in Jordan, is a well-defined admission and screening tool that clearly defines eligibility for nursing home admission

POLICY ALTERNATIVE: The policy alternative is leaving Jordanian elderly with special needs in their homes without receiving appropriate care predisposing the elderly to a higher risk of health complications. North Carolina has been chosen as an example of a state that implements a screening tool for admission.

RECOMMENDATIONS: The Ministry of Social Development might tailor the NC Medicaid forms (Level I and Katz and MoCA, and Level II of the NC Medicaid screening tool) as an admission screening policy that could be successful in identifying the eligible older adults to admit to nursing homes and receive designated aids from the Jordanian governmental organizations.
Understanding the Practices and Experiences of Supervising Nursing Doctoral Students: A Qualitative Survey of Two South African Universities
Authors: Mothiba T. M. , Maputle M. S. , Goon D. T.
Published: May 2019

Doctoral supervision involves an intensive, interpersonal one-to-one relationship between the supervisor and the student. Supervisors have a responsibility to guide students when choosing their research topics and throughout the research process until completion of their research projects. The purpose of this study is to explore the practices and experiences of faculty members supervising doctoral nursing students in two selected universities in South Africa. This qualitative and explorative study involves all faculty members supervising doctorate nursing students at four South African Universities in Limpopo Province. A purposive sampling was used to select 15 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was through a telephonic in-depth unstructured interview. Probing was used to elicit more information from participants. Data were analysed through Tesch’s open coding method. Findings reveal three themes as practices and experiences of supervision, namely: research supervisory role, knowledge of models of supervision, and guiding principles towards doctorate supervision. There is a need for orientation of research supervisors and doctoral students before they commence with their supervisory role. Policies and procedures for doctorate supervision need to be communicated to all supervisors. There should be continuous support for both supervisors and students during the process of supervision.
Eenvoudig personenvennootschapsrecht
Authors: Stokkermans Chr.M.
Published: May 2019

Eenvoudig personenvennootschapsrecht

Het recente ambtelijk voorontwerp tot modernisering van het personenvennootschapsrecht geeft te veel complexiteit. Dit komt vooral door het ontbreken van een vennootschapstype zonder rechtspersoonlijkheid en een volwaardig alternatief voor de LLP. Daarnaast kan meer bij het algemene vermogensrecht worden aangesloten, zoals bij de vormgeving van vruchtgebruik en pandrecht op vennootschapsaandelen.
Overgang van de prepack naar een bruikbaar(der) instrument
Authors: de Kloe H.J.
Published: May 2019

Overgang van de prepack naar een bruikbaar(der) instrument. Over de huidige relevantie van de prepack en overgang van onderneming in faillissement.

In deze bijdrage wordt onderzocht of de prepack na Smallsteps nog relevant is voor de praktijk. Daarnaast wordt ingegaan op een mogelijke oplossing om de prepack weer relevant te maken: toepassing van de OVO-regeling op alle doorstarts in faillissement. Deze mogelijkheid wordt onderzocht met behulp van een vergelijking met Engels recht.
Staatssteun aan banken
Authors: van Lambalgen R.E.
Published: May 2019

Staatssteun aan banken. Waarom het staatssteunrecht ook interessant kan zijn voor een ondernemingsrechtjurist

Staatssteun aan banken is in beginsel verboden en kan alleen door de Europese Commissie goedgekeurd worden. In deze bijdrage wordt beschreven hoe de Europese Commissie is omgegaan met staatssteun aan banken.
Perfil dos profissionais de Enfermagem que sofrem acidentes que trabalho: revisão integrativa
Authors: Freitas Aline Gondim de , Rodrigues Emiliani Virginia Vale , Batista Ulhiana De Lima , Rocha Bruno Miranda da
Published: May 2019

A equipe de enfermagem constitui o grupo de profissionais mais vulneráveis e com maior probabilidade de envolvimento em acidentes de trabalho, devido as particularidades da profissão, caracterizada por atividades de cuidados diretos e ininterruptos aos pacientes, expondo-se continuamente a riscos de ordem física, química, biológica, ergonômica e emocional. Os riscos ocupacionais trazidos pela NR9 são inerentes ao cuidado de enfermagem, pois os acidentes de trabalho não devem ser considerados eventos cotidianos da prática do profissional de enfermagem, assim faz-se necessário a realização de estudos que visem subsidiar medidas preventivas baseadas no conhecimento epidemiológico desse agravo. Este estudo tem como objetivo traçar o perfil dos profissionais da equipe de enfermagens que sofrem acidentes de trabalho. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, tendo como questão norteadora: “qual o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem que mais sofrem acidentes de trabalho?”. As bases de dados utilizadas foram a SCIELO e a LILACS. Encontramos o seguinte perfil de profissionais de enfermagem que mais que sofrem acidentes de trabalho: técnicos de enfermagem, sexo feminino, jovens (20 – 35 anos), com tempo de atuação de até cinco anos, contratados em instituições privadas/conveniadas. As principais causas para a ocorrência dos acidentes foram o descuido, pressa, despreparo, pouco conhecimento dos riscos, excesso de confiança, a sobrecarga de trabalho, descarte inadequado de material perfurocortante e não utilização dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individuais (EPIs). Foi evidenciado a necessidade de orientação e sensibilização dos profissionais de enfermagem quanto a prevenção, gravidade e as consequências dos acidentes de trabalho.
Identifying Early Developmental Profiles in Children with FXS: A Retrospective Home Videos Analysis
Authors: Costa Nuno Alexandre Gomes , Franco Vítor Daniel Ferreira
Published: May 2019

One of the major difficulties concerning Fragile X Syndrome has been early diagnosis enabling early intervention. The obstacle stems from the dismissal of signs that might raise suspicion that the syndrome is present and therefore subsequent diagnosis.
The present research aims to validate a methodology employing retrospective home video analysis to explore possible early signs in children with Fragile X Syndrome. As part of this trial the videos of 6 children aged less than 30 months were analysed. We utilized a set formed by three behavioural analysis grids, mainly to analyse social attention, joint attention and sensory-motor development of said children.
The retrospective home video analysis demonstrated its effectiveness in early sign identification. We verified that children with FXS had a non-social stimuli preference (e.g., prolonged visual fixation on objects), had difficulties directing attention to social stimuli (e.g., attention and response to name calling), demonstrating impairments in joint attention, and displayed prolong and repetitive interaction with objects as well as positive affective expressions. Our findings indicated that children with FXS seem to be able to discriminate between social and non-social stimuli (e.g., vocalization to people) and presented stereotypes behavior from 0 up till 30 months. Use of home videos is a potentially important methodology in identification of early sign. Identified signs from this study may serve as markers for medical referral to genetic diagnosis.
Transition to College for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Needs and Facilitation Strategies. Is Virtual Reality a Useful Tool in the Transition Process?
Authors: Herrero Jorge Fernández , Lledó Gonzalo Lorenzo
Published: May 2019

The number of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) postsecondary students going to University is increasing. Nonetheless, these students face more difficulties than their neuro-typical peers, due to their communication and behaviour impairments. This fact is widely recognized worldwide, and there is an increasing concern in providing them with adequate support both in their transition and beyond. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to provide an overall summary of the general requirements of ASD students in the postsecondary education transition with strategies for facilitation, and, secondly, to analyse the possibilities of Virtual Reality (VR) as a support instrument in the transition process. We rely on a brief review of the literature to summarize the main needs and current strategies. In spite of the increasing concern, there is room for establishing general protocols to help the transition process. The use VR in fulfilling this task appears limited, but it seems to be promising.
O conceito de estruturas celulares na concepção dos alunos do 8º ano de Colmeia/TO
Authors: Maciel Flávia Carolina Azevedo , Silva Maria Goreti de Oliveira da , Cardoso Welton , Silva Mateus dos Santos , Takahagassi Romeu , Soares Anamar Campos , Guimarães Ana Paula Martins
Published: May 2019

A Biologia Celular é um conteúdo básico para o estudo dos processos vitais e das diferentes formas de vida, sendo exigida em diversos níveis de ensino: Fundamental, Médio e Superior. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo mensurar o grau de conhecimento dos discentes do 8º ano da rede estadual do ensino fundamental, no Município de Colmeia -TO, a respeito de estruturas celulares, com intuito de avaliar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nesse local. Utilizou-se como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário com perguntas objetivas, para que os alunos pudessem escolher uma das opções apresentadas, e perguntas subjetivas para que os mesmos expressassem sua concepção a respeito do assunto. Sendo baseado no Referencial Curricular do Estado do Tocantins e os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Ciências. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, percebe-se que há um índice insatisfatório de conhecimento acerca do conteúdo de estrutura celular nas escolas mencionadas, cujo os discentes apresentam dificuldade em associar os conceitos anteriormente estudados em sala de aula com as questões indagadas na pesquisa. Dessa forma, percebe-se a necessidade de o professor trabalhar teoria e prática, mostrando aos alunos a relevância dos conteúdos abordados no cotidiano, além de as escolas participantes da coleta de dados elaborarem atividades que possibilitem aos educandos uma aprendizagem significativa do tema em destaque.
Ciência x Religião: a didática utilizada por professores de escolas públicas de Guaraí/TO que ministram a disciplina de Evolução e possuem convicção religiosa
Authors: Barros Jucyele Barbosa , Freitas Karla Thaiza Silva , Correa Isalara Cespedes , Guedes Joab Cardoso , Santos Hérica Oliveira , Oliveira Jean da Silva , Guimarães Ana Paula Martins
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho tem como princípio analisar a discordância que existe entre ciência e religião, propriamente ditas entre criacionismo e evolucionismo no âmbito educacional. Para a evolução, no livro a ‘’Origem da Espécies’’ de Darwin, todas as espécies sofrem transformações ao decorrer dos milênios de anos, e isto se contradiz quando falamos na teoria criacionista, que defende a ideia de que Deus criou os céus, a terra, e todos os seres vivos que nela habitam. Essas duas teorias voltadas para o ambiente escolar podem trazer séries de divergências, visto que isso procura compreender a prática pedagógica do docente de Biologia que professa uma fé religiosa e ministra o conteúdo de Evolução. Para entender qual a didática do professor, foi aplicado um questionário com sete perguntas semiestruturadas para onze educadores, sendo que seis questões eram fechadas de múltiplas escolhas e uma aberta, onde esta tinha o intuito de analisar a metodologia do mesmo. Foi obtido através das questões que não existe divergência entre ser professor e ser religioso, o que contrapõe a problemática inicial de adversidade entre evolucionismo e criacionismo. Essa pesquisa contribuiu para averiguar a didática do ministrador de ensino de Evolução, e que seja necessário a desconstrução da percepção de que ciência e religião não caminham juntas.
A abordagem da educação sexual nos espaços escolares: um olhar sobre a perspectiva dos alunos do ensino médio de Guaraí/TO
Authors: Guedes Joab Cardoso , Santos Hérica Oliveira dos , Neto Izidorio Paz Fernandes
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo é resultado da percepção dos alunos acerca do tema “educação sexual dentro do ambiente escolar”, no qual se buscou examinar as influências externas, a vergonha em transmitir o assunto para os discentes e a falta de pessoas capacitadas na área da educação sexual. Nesse sentido, foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado de questões abertas e fechadas, com alternativas de múltiplas escolhas, buscando-se observar os desafios enfrentados pelos professores e alunos em abordar o tema, suas metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem, os possíveis fatores sociais que possam interferir no processo de aprendizagem e sua importância dentro do ambiente escolar. Com este trabalho, pode-se analisar a grande relevância de se trabalhar este tema, para que possam formar jovens mais conscientes de suas atitudes, entre outros fatores que podem ser de grande importância na vida social do discente. Esta pesquisa mostrou escassez de material didático, a necessidade de aulas dinamizadas e de palestras sobre o assunto. Esta investigação contribui para solucionar os desafios existentes e analisar as possíveis influências sociais, mostrando a importância da participação e acompanhamento dos pais no processo de ensino, assim como propor novas metodologias de ensino.
Effect of Agricultural Sector Expenditure on Nigeria’s Economic Growth
Authors: Akanbi O. O. , Onuk E. G. , Umar H. S.
Published: May 2019

The study examined the Effect of Government Agricultural Expenditure on Nigeria’s Economic Growth. Time series data (1981–2015) were generated from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive Statistics and Vector Error Correction Model were used for data analysis. A unit root test was carried out to ascertain the stationarity of the series. Johansen co-integration test was also carried out to establish co-integration status of the variables in the model. For valid inference, estimated coefficients were subjected to normality, autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity and dynamic stability tests. The null hypotheses in relation to the respective tests statistic could not be rejected at 5% level of significance. The negative sign and statistical significant of Error Correction term of the VEC model, further confirmed the existence of co-integrating relationship among the variables in the model. The descriptive statistics result shows that, for almost a decade, public spending on agriculture consistently decline and was below the 10% benchmark of the Maputo declaration. The estimated VECM results showed that on the long-run, only the coefficient of Government Agricultural Expenditure variable influenced the economic growth, which was proxy by National GDP. This influence was positive and statistically significant at 5% probability level. However, on the short run, the result showed that both coefficients of Government Agricultural Expenditure variable and that of agricultural output were both positive and statistically significant in influencing the economic growth (GDP) at 5% probability level. Hence, since government expenditure has positive and significant effect on economic growth both on the short run and long run, it is recommended that government should review upward agricultural expenditure to stimulate growth in Nigerian economy, which could trigger more employment opportunity, increase per capita income, improved agricultural sector infrastructural deficit  and reduce poverty.
Factors Affecting the Earning Response Coefficient with Real Activities Earning Management as Moderator: Evidence from Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Assagaf Aminullah , Murwaningsari Etty , Gunawan Juniati , Mayangsari Sekar
Published: May 2019

This study aims to explain the phenomenon of the most active companies traded shares in Indonesian stock exchange. This research is motivated to analyze the response of investors to take a decision after presenting the company's financial statements. This study uses panel data consisting of 20 companies selected by purposive sampling method, using a regression model and data processing via SPSS 24. The results of this study found that the variable leverage and capital expenditure variables significantly influence the response of investors to execute the company's stock, thereby affecting the stock return. The level of leverage and significant positive effect on the response of investors, particularly due to the use of debt to investment would increase earnings per share or at a certain amount of equity can boost earnings per share acquisition. Capital expenditure and significant negative effect on the response of investors for investor tend to speculate on short-term period, which means that companies that invest in the early stages will have difficulties liquidity and rate of return will decline, so investors will shift their investment.
Effects of Different Pretreatment Methods on Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum, Poaceae)
Authors: Cheboi J. J. , Mungabe G.
Published: May 2019

Seed dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major problem attributing to yield loss. It is a complex evolutionary trait that temporarily prevents seed germination, thus allowing seedling growth at a favorable season. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different pre-treatments on germination. The pre-germination treatments included mechanical scarification, soaking seeds in hot water at 100°C for 5 minutes, cold water for 24 hours and untreated (control). Two hundred seeds were used for each treatment. Seeds treated with cold and hot water commenced germination after 4 days and achieved 84%, 78.5% respectively germination within 10 days which was significantly different (P < 0.05) from other treatments, especially the untreated seeds which had the lowest germination of 30%, and commenced first germination after 10 days. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in germination percentage and germination time. Results obtained in this experiment indicate that the pre-germination treatment of Farasi wheat seeds by using cold and hot water treatments can enhance germination of the seeds by breaking dormancy.
Effect of Legume Extracts on Germination, Seedling Health of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Soil Microorganisms
Authors: Okumu Oliver Otieno , Muthomi James Wanjohi , Ojiem John , Narla Rama , Nderitu John Huria
Published: May 2019

Application of undecomposed green manure has been reported to cause poor emergence and establishment of common beans in the field. Therefore, to understand the mechanisms’ contributing to the poor crop establishment, the effect of extracts from fresh and decomposed legume green manures on bean seed germination, fungal mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation were evaluated. The extracts were prepared in either ethanol or distilled water. Data was collected on percentage seed germination, seedling length, mycelial radial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation. Ethanol extracts from fresh lablab inhibited bean germination by 56%, increased mean germination time to 8 days, and decreased germination index while ethanol extracts of groundnut and beans caused highest inhibition in bean shoot length and reduced biomass. Ethanol extracts from fresh green manures significantly inhibited fungal mycelial growth while the aqueous extracts from beans, groundnuts and soybean had significant level of antifungal activity while aqueous lablab extracts stimulated mycelial. Aqueous extract of lablab and soybean enhanced spore germination by over 70% with more pronounced effect on germ tube length and number of germ tubes by 8.0% and 13% respectively. The study comparatively reveals that the extract of lablab was inhibitory to common bean germination compared to other legume extracts and also stimulated the growth of root rot pathogens that may have resulted in poor establishment of beans.