bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nucleolar and Ribosomal Dysfunction—A Common Pathomechanism in Childhood Progerias?
Authors: Phan Tamara , Khalid Fatima , Iben Sebastian
Published: June 2019

The nucleolus organizes around the sites of transcription by RNA polymerase I (RNA Pol I). rDNA transcription by this enzyme is the key step of ribosome biogenesis and most of the assembly and maturation processes of the ribosome occur co-transcriptionally. Therefore, disturbances in rRNA transcription and processing translate to ribosomal malfunction. Nucleolar malfunction has recently been described in the classical progeria of childhood, Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome (HGPS), which is characterized by severe signs of premature aging, including atherosclerosis, alopecia, and osteoporosis. A deregulated ribosomal biogenesis with enlarged nucleoli is not only characteristic for HGPS patients, but it is also found in the fibroblasts of “normal” aging individuals. Cockayne syndrome (CS) is also characterized by signs of premature aging, including the loss of subcutaneous fat, alopecia, and cataracts. It has been shown that all genes in which a mutation causes CS, are involved in rDNA transcription by RNA Pol I. A disturbed ribosomal biogenesis affects mitochondria and translates into ribosomes with a reduced translational fidelity that causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Therefore, it is speculated that disease-causing disturbances in the process of ribosomal biogenesis may be more common than hitherto anticipated.
Nodal Facilitates Differentiation of Fibroblasts to Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts that Support Tumor Growth in Melanoma and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Ziqian , Zhang Junjie , Zhou Jiawang , Lu Linlin , Wang Hongsheng , Zhang Ge , Wan Guohui , Cai Shaohui , Du Jun
Published: June 2019

Fibroblasts become cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment after activation by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and are critically involved in cancer progression. However, it is unknown whether the TGF superfamily member Nodal, which is expressed in various tumors but not expressed in normal adult tissue, influences the fibroblast to CAF conversion. Here, we report that Nodal has a positive correlation with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in clinical melanoma and colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. We show the Nodal converts normal fibroblasts to CAFs, together with Snail and TGF-β signaling pathway activation in fibroblasts. Activated CAFs promote cancer growth in vitro and tumor-bearing mouse models in vivo. These results demonstrate that intercellular crosstalk between cancer cells and fibroblasts is mediated by Nodal, which controls tumor growth, providing potential targets for the prevention and treatment of tumors.
Low VDAC1 Expression Is Associated with an Aggressive Phenotype and Reduced Overall Patient Survival in Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Feichtinger René Günther , Neureiter Daniel , Kemmerling Ralf , Mayr Johannes Adalbert , Kiesslich Tobias , Kofler Barbara
Published: June 2019

Cancer cells frequently exhibit dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and a concomitant increase in glycolytic flux. We investigated the expression of OXPHOS complex subunits and mitochondrial mass in 34 human cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCCs) and adjacent normal tissue by using tissue microarrays. In the tumor periphery, all OXPHOS complexes were reduced except complex I. In addition, significantly lower levels of complex IV were found at the tumor center (p < 0.0001). Mitochondrial mass, as indicated by VDAC1 expression, was significantly increased in CCCs compared to corresponding normal tissue (p < 0.0001). VDAC1 levels were inversely correlated with UICC (Union Internationale Contre le Cancer) cancer stage classification (p = 0.0065). Furthermore, significantly lower VDAC1 was present in patients with lymph node involvement (p = 0.02). Consistent with this, patients whose carcinomas expressed VDAC1 at low to moderate levels had significantly reduced survival compared to high expressors (p < 0.05). Therefore, low mitochondrial mass is associated with more aggressive CCC. These metabolic features are indicative of a Warburg phenotype in CCCs. This metabolic signature has potential therapeutic implications because tumors with low mitochondrial function may be targeted by metabolic therapies such as a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet.
Microstructure Evolution and Lifetime Extension Mechanism of Sn-Added Fe-Based Pre-Alloy Brazing Coating in Diamond Tools
Authors: Liu Dashuang , Long Weimin , Wu Mingfang , Qi Kai , Pu Juan
Published: June 2019

The effect of Sn content added in pre-alloy powder on the microstructure, porosity, hardness and bending strength of hot pressing sintering of a diamond matrix was investigated. The results show that with the increase of Sn content in the pre-alloy powder, a reduction in grain size and porosity as well as an increase in hardness is observed. As a result of the reduction in porosity, the flexural strength increases with the increase in the Sn content in the pre-alloy powder. However, with the increase of Sn content, the bending strength decreases owing to the formation of Cu5.6Sn in the matrix. The properties of the diamond matrix are improved, and the lifetime of the diamond matrix is prolonged when the Sn content is 4 wt.%.
Sub-Aperture Partitioning Method for Three-Dimensional Wide-Angle Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging with Non-Uniform Sampling
Authors: Sun Dou , Xing Shiqi , Li Yongzhen , Pang Bo , Wang Xuesong
Published: June 2019

For a three-dimensional wide-angle synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with non-uniform sampling, it is necessary to divide its large aperture into several small sub-apertures before imaging due to the anisotropic characteristics of the target. The existing sub-aperture partitioning methods divide the aperture with equal intervals. However, for the non-uniformly sampled SAR, those equal-interval partitioning methods may have a bad effect on the resolution of the SAR imaging result. In view of this, a sub-aperture partitioning method for three-dimensional wide-angle SAR imaging with non-uniform sampling was proposed in this paper. First, we analyzed the relationship between the three-dimensional resolution and the sampling distribution in K-space based on the Cramer–Rao lower bound. Subsequently, according to the distribution of K-space sampling, the optimum size of each sub-aperture was found and the aperture was divided non-uniformly. Furthermore, the proposed method was validated by electromagnetic simulation data. The proposed sub-aperture partitioning method ensured that the resolution of each sub-aperture was high and consistent. By comparing with the equal-interval partitioning method, the experimental results showed that our proposed method had a higher resolution imaging result.
Chemical Composition and Thermal Behavior of Kraft Lignins
Authors: Ház Aleš , Jablonský Michal , Šurina Igor , Kačík František , Bubeníková Tatiana , Ďurkovič Jaroslav
Published: June 2019

Lignin has great potential for utilization as a green raw material or as an additive in various industrial applications, such as energy, valuable chemicals, or cost-effective materials. In this study, we assessed a commercial form of lignin isolated using LignoBoost technology (LB lignin) as well as three other types of lignin (two samples of non-wood lignins and one hardwood kraft lignin) isolated from the waste liquors produced during the pulping process. Measurements were taken for elemental analysis, methoxyl and ash content, higher heating values, thermogravimetric analysis, and molecular weight determination. We found that the elemental composition of the isolated lignins affected their thermal stability, activation energies, and higher heating values. The lignin samples examined showed varying amounts of functional groups, inorganic component compositions, and molecular weight distributions. Mean activation energies ranged from 93 to 281 kJ/mol. Lignins with bimodal molecular weight distribution were thermally decomposed in two stages, whereas the LB lignin showing a unimodal molecular weight distribution was decomposed in a single thermal stage. Based on its thermal properties, the LB lignin may find direct applications in biocomposites where a higher thermal resistance is required.
Effects of Bias-Correcting Climate Model Data on the Projection of Future Changes in High Flows
Authors: Wörner Vanessa , Kreye Phillip , Meon Günter
Published: June 2019

Bias-correction methods are commonly applied to climate model data in hydrological climate impact studies. This is due to the often large deviations between simulated and observed climate variables. These biases may cause unrealistic simulation results when directly using the climate model data as input for hydrological models. Our analysis of the EURO-CORDEX (Coordinated Downscaling Experiment for Europe) data for the Northwestern part of Germany showed substantial biases for all climatological input variables needed by the hydrological model PANTA RHEI. The sensitivity for climatological input data demonstrated that changes in only one climate variable significantly affect the simulated average discharge and mean annual peak flow. The application of bias correction methods of different complexity on the climate model data improved the plausibility of hydrological modeling results for the historical period 1971–2000. The projections for the future period 2069–2099 for high flows indicate on average small changes for representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and an increase of approximately 10% for RCP8.5 when applying non-bias corrected climate model data. These values significantly differed when applying bias correction. The bias correction methods were evaluated in terms of their ability to (a) maintain the change signal for precipitation and (b) the goodness of fit for hydrological parameters for the historical period. Our results for this evaluation indicated that no bias correction method can explicitly be preferred over the others.
Chloranilato-Based Layered Ferrimagnets with Solvent-Dependent Ordering Temperatures
Authors: Martínez-Hernández Cristian , Benmansour Samia , Gómez-García Carlos J.
Published: June 2019

We report the synthesis and the characterization of six new heterometallic chloranilato-based ferrimagnets formulated as (NBu4)[MnCr(C6O4Cl2)3]·nG with n = 1 for G = C6H5Cl (1), C6H5I (3), and C6H5CH3 (4); n = 1.5 for G = C6H5Br (2) and n = 2 for G = C6H5CN (5) and C6H5NO2 (6); (C6O4Cl2)2− = 1,3-dichloro,2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone dianion. The six compounds are isostructural and show hexagonal honeycomb layers of the type [MnCr(C6O4Cl2)3]− alternating with layers containing the NBu4+ cations. The hexagons are formed by alternating Mn(II) and Cr(III) connected by bridging bis-bidentate chloranilato ligands. The benzene derivative solvent molecules are located in the hexagonal channels (formed by the eclipsed packing of the honeycomb layers) showing π-π interactions with the anilato rings. The six compounds behave as ferrimagnets with ordering temperatures in the range 9.8–11.2 K that can be finely tuned by the donor character of the benzene ring and by the number of solvent molecules inserted in the hexagonal channels. The larger the electron density on the aromatic ring and the larger the number of solvent molecules are, the higher Tc is. The only exception is provided by toluene, where the formation of H-bonds might be at the origin of weaker π-π interactions observed in this compound.
Production of Stilbenes in Callus Cultures of the Maltese Indigenous Grapevine Variety, Ġellewża
Authors: Bonello Mariella , Gašić Uroš , Tešić Živoslav , Attard Everaldo
Published: June 2019

The production of secondary metabolites in tissue culture has been considered as an alternative to the cultivation and harvesting of crops intended for this purpose. The present study was aimed at the growth of callus and production of polyphenolic compound of callus derived from a Maltese indigenous grapevine variety, Ġellewża. Callus was inoculated onto plant growth regulators-enriched Murashige Skoog media (MSm) to determine whether polyphenols are produced in vitro as well as to determine the best combination of plant growth regulators needed for the production of these metabolites. From results obtained, it was observed that the best callus production was obtained by auxin-enriched MSm. In fact, indole acetic acid and indole acetic acid /6-benzyl aminopurine enhanced biomass accumulation (3.04 g and 3.39 g) as opposed to the others (<1.97 g). On the other hand, parameters showing the presence of flavonoids (tonality, 3.80), particularly anthocyanins (24.09 mg/kg) and total polyphenols (1.42 mg/g), were optimum in the presence of cytokinins, particularly 6-benzyl aminopurine. Analysis for single polyphenols revealed a high amount a particular stilbene: polydatin (glucoside of resveratrol). Resveratrol and other typical polyphenols, found in mature berries, were also found in significant quantities, while the other polyphenolic compounds were found in minimal quantities. This is the first study to describe the production and composition of polyphenols in Ġellewża callus cultures. From the results obtained, it can be seen that this grape tissue is an excellent alternative for the production of polyphenols from the stilbene group, which can be upscaled and exploited commercially.
Induction of a Th17 Phenotype in Human Skin—A Mimic of Dermal Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Garrett Sara M. , Zhao Qihong , Feghali-Bostwick Carol
Published: June 2019

Th17 cells are a subset of effector T helper cells that produce interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and IL-26, which can promote tissue inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatic, fibrosing, and other diseases. Research into these diseases is often limited by a lack of an animal model that closely mimics human disease and the paucity of patient clinical tissues. Therefore, the development of relevant experimental models is crucial. Three media formulations of Th17-skewing cocktail (CT) were evaluated for the ability to induce a Th17 signature in an ex vivo human skin model: CT9 contained αCD3, αCD28, IL-23, IL-1β, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-21, and TGFβ; CT8 lacked IL-1β; and CT4 only contained αCD3, αCD28, IL-23, and IL-1β. Healthy donor skin was defatted, distributed as 3 mm punch biopsies, and incubated with one of the cocktail formulations or vehicle for 48 h. All of the cocktail formulations independently significantly stimulated the expression of each gene examined. CT4 induced IL-17A expression 1024-fold, significantly higher than CT9 and CT8. IL-17F was robustly stimulated by CT4 (1557-fold), CT9 (622-fold), and CT8 (111-fold), with significant differences between the CT groups. All of the formulations significantly induced IL-22 (16–42-fold). CT9 stimulated the highest IL-26 response (41-fold), which was significantly higher than CT4 and CT8. IL-10 was stimulated significantly higher with CT8 (10-fold) than CT4 or CT9. The secretion of IL-17A was significantly elevated with all cocktail formulations. Robust IL-17A/IL-17F cytokine induction was preferentially mediated by CT4, which suggested that its components are the minimal constituents necessary for the full induction of these genes in this human skin explant model, while the downstream cytokines were preferentially upregulated by CT4 (IL-22), CT9 (IL-26), or CT8 (IL-10). In summary, our findings suggest that the induction of a Th17 phenotype in human skin is feasible and can be used as a model for rheumatic and fibrosing diseases where Th17 skewing is observed.
Informational Work Storage in Quantum Thermodynamics
Authors: Wang Shang-Yung
Published: June 2019

We present a critical examination of the difficulties with the quantum versions of a lifted weight that are widely used as work storage systems in quantum thermodynamics. To overcome those difficulties, we turn to the strong connections between information and thermodynamics illuminated by Szilard’s engine and Landauer’s principle, and consider the concept of informational work storage. This concept is in sharp contrast with the usual one of mechanical work storage underlying the idealization of a quantum weight. An informational work storage system based on maximally mixed qubits that does not act as an entropy sink and is capable of truly distinguishing work from heat is studied. Applying it to the problem of single-shot work extraction in various extraction schemes, we show that for a given system state the maximum extractable work is independent of extraction scheme, in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics.
“Become This Whole World”: The Phenomenology of Metaphysical Religion in Chāndogya Upaniṣad 6–8
Authors: Frazier Jessica
Published: June 2019

Implicit in Heidegger’s 1920–1921 Phenomenology of Religious Life is an account of religion as a radical transformation of the very structures of experience. This article seeks to apply that account to a classical Indian discourse on reality and the self, Chāndogya Upaniṣad chapter six. This classical source-text for two thousand years of Hindu theology advocates a new ‘religious life’ achieved through phenomenologically reorienting the very structures of cognition toward the broadest truths of reality, rather than the finite features of the world. The goal is to create a new form of primordial subjectivity with an altered relationship to phenomena, finitude, and the divine. The article proceeds in two parts: The first section brings out Heidegger’s theory of religion through a reading of Heidegger’s 1920 Phenomenology of Religious Life with the help of his lectures, On the Definition of Philosophy, from the previous year. The second section tries to demonstrate the value of integrating traditional textual/historical scholarship in the Chāndogya Upaniṣad with Heidegger’s method. The juxtaposition aims to both (1) foreground the phenomenologically transformative goals of this influential Indian text, and (2) challenge Heidegger’s scepticism about the religious value of metaphysical reflection.
The Spatial Pattern of Ski Areas and Its Driving Factors in China: A Strategy for Healthy Development of the Ski Industry
Authors: An Hongmin , Xiao Cunde , Ding Minghu
Published: June 2019

The development of ski areas would bring socio-economic benefits to mountain regions. At present, the ski industry in China is developing rapidly, and the number of ski areas is increasing dramatically. However, the understanding of the spatial pattern and driving factors for these ski areas is limited. This study collected detailed data about ski areas and their surrounding natural and economic factors in China. Criteria for classification of ski areas were proposed, and a total of 589 alpine ski areas in China were classified into three types: ski resorts for vacationing (va-ski resorts), ski areas for learning (le-ski areas) and ski parks to experience skiing (ex-ski parks), with proportions of 2.1%, 15.4% and 82.5%, respectively, which indicated that the Chinese ski industry was still dominated by small-sized ski areas. The overall spatial patterns of ski areas were clustered with a nearest neighbor indicator (NNI) of 0.424, in which ex-ski parks and le-ski areas exhibited clustered distributions with NNIs of 0.44 and 0.51, respectively, and va-ski resorts were randomly distributed with an NNI of 1.04. The theory and method of spatial autocorrelation were first used to analyze the spatial pattern and driving factors of ski areas. The results showed that ski areas in cities had a positive spatial autocorrelation with a Moran’s index value of 0.25. The results of Local Indications of Spatial Association (LISA) showed that ski areas were mainly concentrated in 3 regions: the Beijing-centered Yanshan-Taihang Mountains and Shandong Hill areas, the Harbin-centered Changbai Mountain areas and the Urumqi-centered Tianshan-Altay Mountain areas. The first location was mainly driven by socio-economic factors, and the latter two locations were mainly driven by natural factors. Ski tourism in China still faces many challenges. The government sector should strengthen supervision, develop a ski industry alliance, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the ski industry in the future.
Symmetry Oriented Covert Acoustic Communication by Mimicking Humpback Whale Song
Authors: Qiao Gang , Bilal Muhammad , Liu Songzuo , Ma Tianlong , Zhao Yunjiang , Kong Bin
Published: June 2019

To meet the increasing demand of covert underwater acoustic communication, biologically inspired mimicry communication watermarking the data in symmetrical humpback whale song is presented. Mimicry is an entirely different approach from traditional covert communication where data are transmitted by spreading the waveform at a low signal to noise ratio. In this innovative technique, the carrier signal is imitated symmetrical to the ocean background noise, which can be shipping noise, anthropological noise, or the vocals emitted by sea animals. The eavesdropper can detect the communication signal, but will assume it to be real ocean noise due to its symmetry. It excludes the mimicked signal from recognition, which makes the communication covert. In this research, we watermarked the covert information in humpback whale song using discrete cosine transform in the frequency domain. The mimicked symmetrical signal provided excellent imperceptibility with the real song and an outstanding camouflage effect was calculated. We validated the novel concept by simulation and underwater tank experiment. 10−4 BER was achieved in the underwater tank experiment, which was diminished to zero error by using matching pursuit estimation and virtual time reversal equalization. This novel bionic covert communication technique is feasible for clandestine underwater acoustic communication in the presence of an eavesdropper with better imperceptibility.
Using Eye Movements to Understand how Security Screeners Search for Threats in X-Ray Baggage
Authors: Donnelly Nick , Muhl-Richardson Alex , Godwin Hayward , Cave Kyle
Published: June 2019

There has been an increasing drive to understand failures in searches for weapons and explosives in X-ray baggage screening. Tracking eye movements during the search has produced new insights into the guidance of attention during the search, and the identification of targets once they are fixated. Here, we review the eye-movement literature that has emerged on this front over the last fifteen years, including a discussion of the problems that real-world searchers face when trying to detect targets that could do serious harm to people and infrastructure.
AFFECTIVE FACTORS OF THE SHARED EMOTIONAL SPACE
Authors: Revin Frol
Published: June 2019

The emotional component of sociocultural shifts and development is rarely the major subject of major in-depth scientific scrutiny. Taking normative models of social formation as its starting point current social science examines the emergence, functioning and dynamics of stable collective entities based on implicit atomism and border line rationality of socially constituted persons which comprise them. The main aspect of presently scrutinized affective phenomenology has to do with the role that is ascribed to acts of shared sympathy and solidarity when applied to cases of collectively maintained preventive emotional axiology. Reflecting potent galvanizing dispositions, collective emotions are frequently a manifestation of diverse, at times contradictory societal tendencies, able to spread throughout a given social formation by ambivalently shifting their polarity.
Pathogenicity differences between group I and group II of Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Mojtaba Asadollahi  , Éva Fekete  , Erzsébet Fekete  , Levente Karaffa  , Erzsébet Sándor
Published: June 2019

Botrytis cinerea has been reported as a species complex containing two cryptic species, groups I (Botrytis pseudocinerea) and II (B. cinerea sensu stricto). In order to compare the pathogenicity of group I and group II of B. cinerea, we have selected 4 strains of group I and 4 strains of group II. The results demonstrated that competitive infection of group II was more on grape, cucumber and paprika leaves, than group I. However the results on bean leaves did not correlate the applied B. cinerea group.
Effect of vitamin e and selenium supplementation on the antioxidant content of milk and dairy products in dairy cows
Authors: Berta Vanda Sütő  , Zsuzsanna Kárnyácki  , Béla Béri
Published: June 2019

In 2007, the aim of the Ányos Jedlik program and the call for tenders was to support application-oriented, strategic research and development projects, which can increase the competitiveness of the Hungarian economy. In the framework of our project, we intended to examine whether non-protected antioxidants - in this case: vitamin E and selenium – used as feed-additives can increase the antioxidant content of milk. The milk with an increased level of vitamin E and selenium content can be used for producing functional foods which will represent competitive products on the current market of milk products. Our results show that the use of vitamin E and selenium as feedadditives can significantly increase the amount of vitamin E and selenium in the milk and also in the diary products.
Formation of Food Clusters in Europe
Authors: Márta Völgyiné Nadabán
Published: June 2019

In the dictionary of foreign words and phrases we can find the word “cluster” with the following sense: aggregation, group and in a wider meaning: association, integration.By explaining the geographical concentration of economical and innovation processes in the food processing sector, clusters, and especiallybusiness clusters, play an important role. This essay deals exclusively with business clusters, so the term cluster is used also for business cluster.I tried to collect the most relevant indicators determining the formation of clusters in the Food Processing Sectors and to analyze whether acorrelation can be found among the analyzed indicators.
Effect of two different cropyear and the agrotechnological factors on the agronomic characteristic of the winter weat in a lon-term experiment
Authors: Enikő Vári  , Péter Pepó
Published: June 2019

We studied the effects of crop rotation, fertilization and crop protection technologies on occurence of the major ear- and leaf-diseases (powdery mildew, helminthosporiosis, leaf rust, Fusarium wilt) and the degree of lodging in the winter wheat variety Mv Pálma in two very different years (2006/2007=dry; 2009/2010=rainy). The experiments were carried out at the Látókép Experimental Farm of the University of Debrecen CAAES in triculture (pea-wheat-maize) and biculture (wheat-maize) at five fertilization levels by applying three different crop protection technologies (extensive, average, intensive).In the cropyear of 2006/2007, the disease severity of leaf diseases was higher than the average in both crop rotations in spite of the fact that the weather during the whole vegetation period was dry. Infection by powdery mildew, helminthosporiosis and leaf rust increased with increasing fertilization, the highest infection was measured at the highest fertilization level (N200+PK) in the extensive crop protection technology. According to the results, no infection of ears by Fusarium and no lodging occurred in either bi- or triculture due to the dry year. The extremely rainy weather in 2009/2010 was favourable not only for the vegetative development of the stand, but also increased the occurance of leaf-, stalk- and ear-diseases and a high degree of lodging was observed. The highest infection by powdery mildew was observed in the plots with the highest fertilizer dosage under an extensive crop protection technology. A much higher helminthosporiosis infection was measured than in the cropyear of 2006/2007. The wet weather and higher than average temperature promoted the occurence and spreading of leaf rust. Under an extensive crop protection technology, a leaf rust infection of 24% and 31% was detected after maize and pea as a forecrop, respectively, in the N200+PK treatment. As opposed to 2006/2007, the disease severity of Fusarium was 3–8% and 2–7% in the control after maize and pea as a forecrop, respectively. This value, similarly to that of other pathogens, increased with increasing fertilization levels. Due to the large vegetative mass, a significant lodging was observed in the wheat stands in both bi- and triculture (17–100%, 12–100%).
Acquisition practice prior to commercial use in the European Union
Authors: Ágnes Barbara Berde
Published: June 2019

The target of 3% of GDP spent on R&D by the Lisbon priorities seems to be still far away from the reality in some European countries and at EU level as well. The economic crisis determined the priorities and it makes more complicated to dedicate more budget on Research and Development. New methods, new measures are needed in the European Union. Measures that supporting the demand side of the innovation and generates market-pull affects. The Europe 2020 Innovation Union Flagship Initiative dedicates a special role to precommercial procurement for the upcoming 10 years. Nowadays, there are more and more European countries running pilot projects adapting the American SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research) programme.
Mitigation of environment impact of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species
Authors: Györgyi Bíró  , János Tamás  , János Borbély  , Lili Mézes  , Lili Mézes  , Gergely Hunyadi
Published: June 2019

The Fusarium fungi hazards the grain quality of cereals, therefore significantly affects their utilization as animal feed or consumable product. The Fusarium can decrease the quality of wheat in different ways: decreases the germination capability, causes visible discoloration, mould may appear, reduces the dry material and nutrient content of the grain, causes mycotoxin infection – as a result given by its by-product. Micotoxins produced by Fusarium genus, as the trichotecenes (T-2, HT-2, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, Fusarenone-X) and the zearalenone (F-2) are the most common in Hungary. Occurrence of fumonisins first discovered in 1988 are must be identified carefully. About 20–30% of the overall worldwide production of cereals is infected with Fusarium and its toxins, which situation is similar in Hungary. This infection causes serious yield-losses in cereal production. In the case of cereal products, which non-utilizable as forage seems, an optimal solution is utilizing as biogas raw material, but it is also important to examine the effect of the infected cereal on the anaerobe digestion process.
Calculating possibility of the leaf area index of apple and pear trees
Authors: Péter Riczu  , János Tamás
Published: June 2019

A significant proportion of the aboveground green and dry weight of the plant constitutes the foliage. The canopy is an important factor of plant growth. On one hand the canopy absorbs the solar energy, which is necessary for the photosynthesis, on the other hand accumulates the absorbed nutrients by the roots, and the most of the water-loss happens through the foliages. The determination of the full canopy is not an easy target. In our research we developed a measurement method to determine the leaf area. With the parameters of the examined tree (leaf length and maximum width) and the data of ADC AM 100 leaf area scanner we determined the k-value, with which we can easily and fast evaluate the leaf surface.
Physiological examination of some industrial wastes under laboratory conditions
Authors: Brigitta Tóth
Published: June 2019

I would like to draw the attention to the different side-products and wastes that contain lots of organic matter, micro and macro elements, and the fact that they do not have any harmful effect. These materials can be used as micronutrient fertilizers, therefore quantity of the produced CO2 and other greenhouse gases will decrease. Compost, sewage sludge and lime sludge were used in our experiments. The usability of these materials in crop production was examined in crop production within laboratory conditions.
Comparative Amino Acid Compositions of Curculigo pilosa Root and Citrullus colocynthis Fruit Bark
Authors: Aja P. M. , Obasi D. C. , Obasi N. A. , Ekpono E. U. , Obasi J. N.
Published: June 2019

The study evaluated comparative amino acids compositions of Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruit bark. The amino acids compositions were determined using amino acid analyzer. The results of amino acid compositions showed that eighteen amino acids were detected in both samples. Ten of the detected amino acids were essential amino acids and eight were non-essential. Glumatic acid had the highest concentration of 11.20 and 11.98 g/100g protein in Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits respectively. Leucine was the second highest concentrated amino acid in Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits with the values of 8.17 and 7.24 g/100g protein respectively. Histidine was the third highest amino acid in Curculigo pilosa roots while Citrullus colocynthis fruits had very low histidine level. The fourth highest amino was arginine in both samples. The percentage coefficient of variance (CV %) of the amino acid values were generally low with the exception of histidine with CV % value of 88.98 while rest of CV % values ranged from 0-26.92 showing the closeness of the amino acid values in the two samples to each other. Total amino acids (TAA) for Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits were 78.92 and 72.47 g/100g protein while the total essential amino acids (TEAAs) of Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits are 41.21 and 34.04 g/100g protein respectively. Percentage cysteine in (total sulphur amino acids) TSAA were 22.52 and 30.32 g/100g protein for Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits respectively. The results of this study indicate that Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits are rich in essential amino acid while their % Cysteine/TSAA values were relatively low.
VALUE OF KHARKIV NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECT
Authors: I.Yu. Robak
Published: June 2019

210-th anniversary of Kharkiv University foundation with its medical faculty passed into history. The community is always highly interested in the history of anniversaries because of the “milestones”. Issues of their origin and roots are particularly interesting. Kharkiv University Consortium was created and each member of the consortium tends to define its historical place in a single university space established in the city. Some aspects of individual history of the fragments of Kharkov Imperial University are presented in the article.Key words: Kharkiv National Medical University, formation, legal aspectРезюмеРобак І.Ю.Значення Харківського національного медичного університету в освіті та розвитку української вищої медичної освіти: історичний та правовий аспекти 210-та річниця заснування Харківського університету з його медичним факультетом пішла в історію. Спільнота завжди дуже зацікавлена в історії ювілеїв через "віхи". Питання їх походження і коріння особливо цікаві. Консорціум Харківського університету був створений і кожен його член прагне визначити своє історичне місце в єдиному університетському просторі, встановленому в місті. Деякі аспекти індивідуальної історії фрагментів Харківського Імператорського університету представлені в статті.Ключові слова: Харківський національний медичний університет, освіта, правовий аспект. резюмеРобак И.Ю.Значение Харьковского национального медицинского университета в образовании и развитии украинского высшего медицинского образования: исторический и правовой аспекты210-я годовщина основания Харьковского университета с его медицинским факультетом ушла в историю. Сообщество всегда очень заинтересована в истории юбилеев за "вехи". Вопрос их происхождения и корни особенно интересны. Консорциум Харьковского университета был создан и каждый его член стремится определить свое историческое место в едином университетском пространстве, установленном в городе. Некоторые аспекты индивидуальной истории фрагментов Харьковского Императорского университета представлены в статье.Ключевые слова: Харьковский национальный медицинский университет, образование, правовой аспект
NEW SCIENTIFIC TRENDS IN PEDIATRICS
Authors: Gonchar M. Riga O.,
Published: June 2019

“Developmental Pediatrics” is a new branch that has emerged relatively recently and deals with the problems of children with disabilities, without affecting the nosological structure of children's diseases, and is based on the core of 5th developmental domains: cognitive, motor, social-emotional, speech and language, and self-help skills.There are 130 million children with disabilities in the world, 20 million have an incurable disease each year and require palliative care. The intensive development of the field “Developmental Pediatrics” suggests a large amount of publications for the last 9 years. WHO and UNICEF identified a strategic priority of the program "Early Childhood Development» in the 2015-2020. Under the support of KNMU and international institutions we have developed projects in line with the orders issued by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for palliative care for children and follow-up for high risk newbornsKey words: developmental pediatrics, palliative care, disability резюмеРига О., Гончар М.НОВІ НАУКОВІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ В ПЕДІАТРІЇ "Педіатрія розвитку" - нова галузь, яка виникла порівняно недавно і має справу з проблемами дітей-інвалідів, не впливаючи на нозологічну структуру дитячих захворювань, і заснована на провідних 5 галузях розвитку: когнітивних, рухових, соціально-емоційного , мови і мови, а також навичкам самодопомоги.Біля 130 мільйонів дітей з обмеженими можливостями в світі, 20 мільйонів чоловік мають невиліковнє захворювання і потребують паліативної допомоги. Інтенсивний розвиток «Педіатрії розвитку» пояснює велику кількість публікацій за останні 9 років. ВООЗ і ЮНІСЕФ визначили стратегічний пріоритет програми «Розвиток дітей молодшого віку» в 2015-2020 рр. За підтримки ХНМУ і міжнародних організацій ми розробили проекти відповідно до наказів Міністерства охорони здоров'я України з питань паліативної допомоги діти і для новонароджених високого ризикуКлючові слова: педіатрія розвитку, паліативна допомога, інвалідність резюмеРига А., Гончар М.НОВЫЕ НАУЧНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В ПЕДИАТРИИ "Педиатрия развития" - новая отрасль, которая возникла сравнительно недавно и имеет дело с проблемами детей-инвалидов, не влияя на нозологическую структуру детских заболеваний, и основана на ведущих 5 областях развития: когнитивных, двигательных, социально-эмоционального, языка и речи, а также навыкам самопомощи.Порядка 130 миллионов детей с ограниченными возможностями в мире и еще 20 миллионов имеют неизлечимые заболевания и нуждаются в паллиативной помощи. Интенсивное развитие «Педиатрии развития» объясняет большое количество публикаций за последние 9 лет. ВОЗ и ЮНИСЕФ определили стратегический приоритет программы «Развитие детей младшего возраста» в 2015-2020 гг. При поддержке ХНМУ и международных организаций мы разработали проекты в соответствии с приказами Министерства здравоохранения Украины по вопросам паллиативной помощи детям и новорожденным высокого рискаКлючевые слова: педиатрия развития, паллиативная помощь, инвалидность
CLINICAL MASKS OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Makieieva N.I. , Afanasieva O.O. , Koval V.A.
Published: June 2019

CLINICAL MASKS OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA IN CHILDRENMakieieva N.I., Afanasieva O.O., Koval V.A.For the study of initial clinical signs of acute leukemia in children 92 case histories have been analyzed. In most children the disease manifested with intoxication (94.6 ± 2,3%), lymphadenopathy (84,8±4,7%), hepatosplenomegaly (96,7±2,3%), anemic (82,6±4,9%), haemorrhagic (77,2±5,4%) syndromes. However, only in half of the cases the correct diagnosis was established in period less than 2-3 weeks since the first symptoms appeared. Consequently, it is necessary to pay attention of general practitioners to the variety of non-specific initial symptoms of acute leukemia in children.Keywords: acute leukemia, children, diagnostics, clinical symptoms КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ МАСКИ ОСТРОГО ЛЕЙКОЗА У ДЕТЕЙМакеева Н.И., Афанасьева О.А., Коваль В.А.Для изучения начальных клинических признаков острого лейкоза у детей были проанализировано 92 истории болезни. В большинстве случаев заболевание начиналось с интоксикации (94,6 ± 2,3%), лимфаденопатии (84,8 ± 4,7%), гепатоспленомегалии (96,7±2,3%), анемического (82,6 ± 4,9) и геморрагического (77,2 ± 5,4) синдромов. Тем не менее, только в половине случаев правильный диагноз был установлен в период менее чем за 2-3 недели с момента появления первых симптомов. Следовательно, необходимо обратить внимание врачей общей практики на различные неспецифические начальные симптомы острого лейкоза у детей.Ключевые слова: острый лейкоз, дети, диагностика, клинические симптомы. КЛІНІЧНІ МАСКИ ГОСТРОЇ ЛЕЙКЕМІЇ У ДІТЕЙМакєєва Н.І., Афанасьєва О.О., Коваль В.А.Для вивчення початкових клінічних ознак гострої лейкемії у дітей було проаналізовано 92 історії хвороби. У більшості випадків захворювання починалося з інтоксикації (94,6 ± 2,3%), лімфаденопатії (84,8 ± 4,7%), гепатоспленомегалії (96,7 ± 2,3%), анемічного (82,6 ± 4, 9) та геморагічного (77,2 ± 5,4) синдромів. Проте, тільки в половині випадків правильний діагноз був встановлений в період менш ніж за 2-3 тижні з моменту появи перших симптомів. Отже, необхідно звернути увагу лікарів загальної практики на різні неспецифічні початкові симптоми гострої лейкемії у дітей. Ключові слова: гостра лейкемія, діти, діагностика, клінічні симптоми
CLINICAL CASE OF SUCCESSFUL REHABILITATION OF A CHILD WITH UNDINE SYNDROME (CCHS-CONGENITAL CENTRAL HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME, ONDINE SYNDROME, OMIM 209880)
Authors: Grechanina Yuliya , Bugaeva Elena , Biletska Svitlana
Published: June 2019

Grechanina Yu., Bugaeva E., Biletska S.The article describes the case of the combination of an orphan monogenic disease (Undine syndrome) with a violation of the methylation cycle (epigenetic status) and mitochondrial dysfunction. Correction of concomitant metabolic disorders has allowed to improve the quality of life of the child.Key words: Undine syndrome, synthropy, methylation, mitochondrial dysfunction  КЛІНІЧНИЙ СПОСІБ УСПІШНОЇ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ДИТИНИ З СИНДРОМОМ УНДІНИ (ВРОДЖЕНИЙ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНИЙ ГІПОВЕНТИЛЯЦІЙНИЙ СИНДРОМ, СИНДРОМ УНДІНИ, ОМІМ 209880)Гречаніна Ю., Бугаєва О., Білецька С.У статті описаний випадок поєднання орфанного моногенного захворювання (синдром Ундини) з порушенням циклу метилювання (епігенетичного статусу) і мітохондріальної дисфункції. Корекція супутніх обмінних порушень дозволила поліпшити якість життя дитини.Ключові слова: синдром Ундини, сінтропія, метилювання, мітохондріальна дисфункція КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СПОСОБ УСПЕШНОЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ РЕБЕНКА С СИНДРОМОМ УндинЫ (ВРОЖДЕННЫЙ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫЙ ГИПОВЕНТИЛЯЦИОННЫЙ СИНДРОМ, СИНДРОМ УНДИНЫ, ОМИМ 209880)Гречанина Ю., Бугаева О., Билецкая С.        В статье описан случай сочетания орфанного моногенного заболевания (синдром Ундины) с нарушением цикла метилирования (эпигенетического статуса) и митохондриальной дисфункции. Коррекция сопутствующих обменных нарушений позволила улучшить качество жизни ребёнка.Ключевые слова: синдром Ундины, синтропия, метилирование, митохондриальная дисфункция
O papel da agressão e vitimação entre pares no insucesso escolar
Authors: D. Martins Maria José , Proença Adelaide João
Published: June 2019

O insucesso escolar, as suas causas, e a promoção do sucesso académico têm sido uma preocupação do sistema educativo português partilhada por diferentes ideologias políticas, e que se tem mantido como um problema educativo prioritário ao longo de várias décadas. No sentido de contribuir para compreender as causas do insucesso escolar e melhor promover o sucesso educativo analisam-se os dados de três investigações (uma com 572 alunos do ensino básico e secundário, outra com 15 professores dos três níveis do ensino básico e outra com 186 alunos do 1.º ciclo do ensino básico) que procuraram verificar quais as relações que existem entre as condutas agressivas entre pares, percecionadas e auto relatadas pelos alunos e o seu sucesso escolar, por um lado, e as perceções dos professores sobre as condutas dos seus alunos e o seu sucesso escolar, por outro. Foram utilizados questionários de autorrelato e hétero-relato no caso dos alunos e os professores preencheram um questionário por cada um dos seus alunos. Os dados obtidos nestes questionários foram relacionados com uma medida de sucesso escolar (aprovação/reprovação no final do ano letivo). Os resultados sugerem uma relação entre o comportamento agressivo dos alunos e o insucesso escolar, quer nos auto e hétero-relatos dos alunos, quer através da perceção dos docentes, sugerindo que programas de prevenção de bullying, indisciplina e agressão entre pares, podem contribuir para a promoção do sucesso escolar, e consequentemente para a inclusão de todos os alunos.

Palavras chave: agressão; vitimação; insucesso escolar
Hybridity – a ‘new’ method to accomplish dominance
Authors: Elak Leszek , Śliwa Zdzisław
Published: June 2019

The term ‘hybrid warfare’ proved to be very popular among academics, military thinkers
and professionals leading to a variety of definitions and approaches. It was linked with
the new generation concept popularised by Russian military thought. The essence of the
hybridity is not new, as using a combination of military and non-military instruments is
as old as mankind and is recognised but interpreted differently. The paper examines both
the concept and its implementation based on case studies and theoretical considerations. It
debates possible ways of using it to confront targeted nations by a combination of a variety
of tools and approaches.
Non-military determinants of the Russian Federation policy
Authors: Grenda Bogdan
Published: June 2019

This study analyses various non-military factors in shaping the security policy of the
Russian Federation. This work undertakes to establish their substance, content and scope,
and to draw the conditions and trends in the political, economic and social security of
modern Russia in the context of its international ambitions, role and state security. In
the work theoretical method analysis, synthesis, abstracting and generalization were used.
Based on the results of the research, it was determined that the specificity of its location
definitely exerts an adverse effect on Russian state security. The reconstruction of imperial
Russia is among the key goals set forth by Vladimir Putin in Russia’s foreign and military
policy. In fact, the entire economic, political and military activity of Russia is subordinated
to this goal. With regard to the economic and social state, the dependence of the Russian
Federation on the extraction and export of crude oil and natural gas is an obvious indication
of the constraints of its economy. Moscow’s particular interests are formulated in official
state documents, such as the Military Doctrine and the National Security Strategy. These
documents identify not only external and internal threats to state security but above all
indicate the means and methods of possible deterrence.