bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuances in Alzheimer’s Genetic Risk Reveal Differential Predictions of Non-demented Memory Aging Trajectories: Selective Patterns by APOE Genotype and Sex
Authors: McFall G. Peggy , Bäckman Lars , Dixon Roger A.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a prominent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a frequent target for associations with non-demented and cognitively impaired aging. APOE offers a unique opportunity to evaluate two dichotomous comparisons and selected gradations of APOE risk. Some evidence suggests that APOE effects may differ by sex and emerge especially in interaction with other AD-related biomarkers (e.g., vascular health).

Methods:

Longitudinal trajectories of non-demented adults (n = 632, 67% female, Mage = 68.9) populated a 40-year band of aging. Focusing on memory performance and individualized memory trajectories, a sequence of latent growth models was tested for predictions of (moderation between) APOE and pulse pressure (PP) as stratified by sex. The analyses (1) established robust benchmark PP effects on memory trajectories, (2) compared predictions of alternative dichotomous groupings (ε4- vs ε4+, ε2- vs ε2+), and (3) examined precision-based predictions by disaggregated APOE genotypes.

Results:

Healthier (lower) PP was associated with better memory performance and less decline. Therefore, all subsequent analyses were conducted in the interactive context of PP effects and sex stratification. The ε4-based dichotomization produced no differential genetic predictions. The ε2-based analyses showed sex differences, including selective protection for ε2-positive females. Exploratory follow-up disaggregated APOE genotype analyses suggested selective ε2 protection effects for both homozygotic and heterozygotic females.

Conclusion:

Precision analyses of AD genetic risk will advance the understanding of underlying mechanisms and improve personalized implementation of interventions.
Mechanisms of Blood-Retinal Barrier Disruption by HIV-1
Authors: Qian Yiwen , Che Xin , Jiang Jing , Wang Zhiliang
Published: March 2019

It has been found that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 RNA or antigens can be detected in the intraocular tissues of HIV-1 patients even under effective highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). In vivo, blood-retinal barrier (BRB) establishes a critical, physiological guardian against microbial invasion of the eye, but may be compromised in the presence of HIV-1. The envelope glycoprotein gp120 is exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope, essential for virus entry into cells by the attachment to specific cell surface receptors. The BRB disruption by glycoprotein gp120 has been widely recognized, which is toxic to human retinal epithelial cells (RPE) and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The present review elaborates on various mechanisms of BRB disruption induced by HIV gp120, which may represent potential targets for the prevention of ocular HIV complications in the future.
Convenient Synthesis of New Heterocycles Containing the Quinoxaline Ring System
Authors: Mohamed Hanan A. , Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A.
Published: March 2019

:

The aim of the current article was to describe simple procedures for the synthesis of new
heterocycles incorporating the quinoxaline moiety using benzene-1,2-diamine and quinoxaline-2,3-
dithiol as precursors. Simple synthetic methods are described for the synthesis of new heterocycles using
commercially available chemicals. Also, the new compounds were determined using analytical and
spectroscopic methods including single X-ray crystal structures. A series of new heterocycles containing
the quinoxaline nucleus have been synthesized in good yields using simple and convenient procedures.
A process has been described for the synthesis of new heterocycles containing the quinoxaline
moiety that might be difficult to synthesize by other routes.
Trifluoroacetylation of Anilines with Ethyl Trifluoropyruvate Mediated by Copper(I) Chloride
Authors: Zhang Jieyu , Ke Qiumin , Chen Jiaying , Yu Jian , Yan Guobing
Published: March 2019

A novel copper(I)-mediated trifluoroacetylation of anilines with ethyl trifluoropyruvate as a
trifluoroacetylating reagent has been developed. Although this protocol could provide good yields in
most cases, the reaction exhibited the obvious electronic and steric effects of substituents. The trace
amount of products was only obtained for the substrates with ortho-substituted or electron-deficient
groups.
Synthesis, Cytotoxic, Antibacterial and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Schiff Bases Derived from 1,2,4-Triazole
Authors: Gan Kwang-Chun , Sim Kooi-Mow , Lim Tuck-Meng , Teo Kah-Cheng
Published: March 2019

:

A series of new 1,2,4-triazole Schiff bases incorporating a chlorinated indole moiety were
prepared from the condensation reaction of 4-amino-5-mercapto-3-[(5-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-
yl)methyl]1,2,4-triazole with substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of (+)-tartaric acid as an acidic
catalyst. The structures of Schiff bases were elucidated by FTIR, NMR and mass spectral data. The cytotoxic,
antibacterial and free radical scavenging activities of Schiff bases were performed using MTT,
96-well microbroth dilution and DPPH assays, respectively. Schiff bases 3k and 3l with both electron
donating groups at meta and para positions of the phenyl ring demonstrated higher cytotoxic activity
against COLO-205 and A549 cell lines. On the other hand, Schiff base 3f comprising p-chlorophenyl
substituent exhibited significant inhibition against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus at MIC
3.91 μg/ml and 15.63 μg/ml, respectively. The results of the free radical scavenging activity revealed
that Schiff bases with the presence of a Cl or OCH3 group in the para position of the phenyl ring act as
a better antioxidant than BHT.
Inequality
Authors: Bearse, Ph.D. Peter
Published: March 2019

Inequality has become a malignant, contagious disease. It feeds, it grows, it attaches itself to nearly all aspects of life. It poisons or impedes many of our relationships. Above all, it is a threat to the health and stability of our democratic republic. It has become the major issue of our time. We can see more clearly how and why it has become so as we review eight major features of our society. Refer to the diagram below as you read.
PERFORMANCE OF GLUCOMANNAN-ALGINATE COMBINATION AS A pH SENSITIVE EXCIPIENT OF VITAMIN C ENCAPSULATION USING GELATION METHOD
Authors: WARDHANI DYAH HESTI , CAHYONO HERI , ARYANTI NITA
Published: March 2019

Objective: This research aimed to develop pH-sensitive vitamin C encapsulation using a combination of biodegradable glucomannan and alginate as an excipient.

Methods: Gelation of the excipient was developed by dropping the matrix into the CaCl2 solution to obtain beads. Various ratios of glucomannan-alginate (1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 3:1 and 0:1, g/g), vitamin C concentrations (1, 3 and 5% of total excipient) and excipient preparation methods (mixed glucomannan-alginate matrix, glucomannan beads coated with alginate and alginate beads coated with glucomannan) were selected as variables. Entrapment efficiency of encapsulation and the release of vitamin C were determined at pH 1.2 and 6.8 which represent the pH of the stomach and the small intestine liquid, respectively.

Results: Encapsulation of 3% vitamin C using 1:1 (g/g) glucomannan-alginate showed the most efficient matrix. This ratio also had lower released of vitamin C in pH 1.2 compared to that in pH 6.8. Coating the glucomannan bead with alginate showed better ability in encapsulating vitamin C. Combination excipient, as well as the addition of the vitamin C, increased the peak absorbance of the functional groups. The surface morphology of the encapsulation bead depended on the preparation method.

Conclusion: An equal ratio of glucomannan and alginate (1:1, g/g) which encapsulated 3% vitamin C showed the most efficient encapsulation as well as lower released vitamin C in pH 1.2 compared to that in pH 6.8. Higher efficiency was observed in encapsulating vitamin C using glucomannan which was coated with alginate.
FORMULATION STRATEGY, STABILITY ISSUES, SAFETY AND EFFICACY EVALUATIONS OF ACACIA CATECHU WHITENING CREAM
Authors: Anurukvorakun Oraphan , Lahpun Narongrit , Boonruang Rachadaporn
Published: March 2019

Objective: To investigate among formulation strategy, stability issues, safety and efficacy (tyrosinase inhibitory activity and sun protection) of a novel whitening cream containing Acacia catechu heartwood extract.

Methods: The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the A. catechu extract was investigated using L-DOPA as a substrate. A combination of silicone and three photo-protective filters; natural UV filter (A. catechu extract), chemical and physical filters, was formulated and evaluated. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF), stability, skin allergy or irritation, and the satisfaction of the developed whitening creams, were investigated.

Results: The A. catechu extract showed the strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity with the percentage of inhibition of 61.58% at the concentration of 120 mg/ml compared to a positive control of kojic acid (98.73 % inhibition) at the same concentration of 120 mg/ml. impressively, the highest SPF of A. catechu whitening cream with physical and chemical UV filters was 30. While, the highest SPF of the A. catechu whitening cream without those filters, was 24. No changes in color, liquefaction and phase separation were observed for the developed whitening cream when stored in the refrigerator. Among the twenty volunteers, eighteen volunteers had no skin irritation, while one of them had redness (Transient) and then another one had erythema or very slight irritation to the developed whitening creams. Besides, there was no statistically significant difference for the satisfaction between A. catechu whitening creams and commercial whitening creams (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Obviously, A. catechu whitening creams had very high efficacy, stability, and safety for being a commercial product in a near future.
DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION AND STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF RAMOSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE MOUTH DISSOLVING FILM USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT
Authors: BOBDE SUWARNA SURESH , TANK HEMRAJ M.
Published: March 2019

Objective: The present study aims to prepare a mouth dissolving film of ramosetron hydrochloride to provide relief to cancer patients suffering from nausea and vomiting.

Methods: Mouth dissolving film of ramosetron hydrochloride were prepared and optimized using three levels two factor design. The films were prepared using the solvent casting technique. The effect of formulation variables such as the concentration of HPMC E15, and honey on disintegration time, tensile strength and drug release from the film were studied. The films were evaluated for weight, thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, percent elongation, surface pH, disintegration time and drug release.

Results: All the films were found to be transparent, non-sticky and easily peelable. The concentration of HPMC E 15 and Honey was found to have a significant effect on disintegration time and drug release of the mouth dissolving film. Formulation R1 was found to the best formulation with 104.21 % release in 9 min and disintegration time of 57 seconds.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the developed mouth dissolving film could serve as an effective, convenient alternative to prevent nausea and vomiting in cancer patients of any age group.
MICELLAR ENHANCED SYNCHRONOUS FLUORESCENCE FOR THE ASSAY OF SUMATRIPTAN SUCCINATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL TABLETS
Authors: FRAIHAT SAFWAN M.
Published: March 2019

Objective: To develop a sensitive, fast and selective method for the determination of sumatriptan succinate (SUM) in pharmaceutical samples.

Methods: The method is based on measuring the synchronous fluorescence of SUM using ∆λ of (120 nm) and at a wavelength of excitation and emission of 230 and 325 nm respectively, using Agilent Technology, Cary eclipse, G9800AA model Luminescence spectrometer. Effect of variables on fluorescence emission intensities was studied such as solvent, surfactant, and pH. The proposed method was validated in term of linearity, limit of detection as per the international conference on harmonization guidelines ICH Q2 (R1).

Results: The linearity of the method was obtained with a wide range of (50-150) ng/ml with a high value of correlation coefficient value of (0.992). Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 16.3 and 49.5 ng/ml respectively, the mean recovery was found to be 99.1% with low relative standard deviation (% RSD). The method was also compared statistically with the reference method using t-test and f-test, the results show no difference either in pure or pharmaceutical tablets.

Conclusion: The obtained results revealed that the developed method can be applied successfully for the determination of SUM in drug formulations samples with good accuracy and precision.
APPLICATION OF GRAPHENE OXIDE ON APTAMER-BASED BIOSENSOR DEVELOPMENT FOR AUTHENTICATION OF GELATIN
Authors: WIDADA HARI , ROHMAN ABDUL , JENIE RIRIS ISTIGHFARI , . SISMINDARI
Published: March 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to perform aptamer selection using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method which assisted by graphene oxide against target of porcine gelatin (non-halal gelatin).

Methods: The aptamer selection was carried out using SELEX method without target immobilization. Selection of aptamer capable of binding porcine gelatin by applying grafen oxide (GO) was known as GO-SELEX. The selection process was initially carried out by incubation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) libraries targeting on porcine gelatin with the addition of graphene oxide. The selected ssDNA was then purified by several stages namely; symmetric PCR amplification, purification of products with DNA purification kits, asymmetric PCR amplification, and continued purification of DNA with native PAGE. The analysis of each stage was done by agarose gel electrophoresis.

Results: the results showed that aptamer targeting porcine DNA could be selected. This was indicated by the results of DNA analysis using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in which sharp separation band with a base length equivalent to the marker of the ssDNA library (about 80 base pair) was obtained.

Conclusion: Aptamer targeting on porcine gelatin has been successfully developed using GO-SELEX method. GO can increase selectivity in developing aptamer which will be used as a biosensor to detect porcine gelatin. The method could be proposed as a standard of apatamer based method for porcine gelatin detection on halal products authentication.
THE RAPID AND GREEN HAIR ANALYSIS METHOD DEVELOPMENT USING FTIR FOR PAPAVERINE HCL DETERMINATION
Authors: NUGRAHANI ILMA , SULISTIANA STEPHANIE , IBRAHIM SLAMET
Published: March 2019

Objective: This study was aimed to develop a rapid analysis using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) for papaverine hydrochloride (HCl) determination in the hair sample, supported by a mathematically manipulation; which never been reported before in toxicology and forensic analysis.

Methods: Firstly, the method was checked its validity to ensure the feasibility for the quantitative purpose. The absorbance spectrums were collected by measure the drug, matrix, and its mixture. A spectra which showed the best specificity and linearity then was selected and derived. Afterwards, the area under the curve (AUC) was measured. A series of concentration was used for compose the calibration curve. Based on the result, some validation parameters were checked thoroughly. Further, for sample preparation, hair was collected non-invasively, then was decontaminated using soap. Next, it was immersed into a papaverine HCl solution at a concentration of 25 mg/ml along days. Finally, the amount of drugs absorbed were measured by the developed method using FTIR.

Results: Experimental data showed that all validation parameters could be fulfilled by the developed method. The selected spectra for the content determination was 1320-1230 cm-1. Its linearity was represented by a correlation coefficient value (r) ≥ 0.9999, variation coefficient (Vxo) ≤ 2.0%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.00618% w/w, meanwhile, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.02060% w/w, respectively. The percent recovery was in the range 97-103% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) was ≤ 2.0%. The drug has detected after 72 h immersion, moreover, after 192 h the concentration gained was 0.1594±0.0011% w/w.

Conclusion: As the conclusion, FTIR absorbance-derivative method is adequate as a rapid procedure for determine papaverine HCl in the hair sample. This method shows the appropriate of specificity, accuracy and precise. In addition, it shows the advantages of simplicity, green/eco-friendlier, and cost-efficiency.
A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PELLET FORMATION TECHNIQUES AND ITS EVALUATION PARAMETERS-A REVIEW
Authors: A. REHANA BEGUM , S. GANESH N. , CHANDY VINEETH
Published: March 2019

This review article deals with the various pelletization techniques utilized in the pharmaceutical industry for spheroidal particle production i.e., pellet for mainly oral administration which can be further formulated into several other dosage forms such as tablets, capsules or can be administered as such. Now-a-days oral administration has become the most versatile, convenient and common route of drug administration which ultimately focuses on patient compliance. The technique which is setting horizon in pelletization is “Extrusion Spheronization” because of its simple and easy steps involved in pellet production in a faster way. This review also includes the characterization and evaluation of pellets to ensure its quality, safety and efficacy to give out the required therapeutic activity after administration.
A Dialectical View on Conduction: Reasons, Warrants, and Normal Suasory Inclinations
Authors: Yu Shiyang , Zenker Frank
Published: March 2019

When Carl Wellman (1971) introduced the reasoning-type conduction, he endorsed a dialectical view on natural language argumentation. Contemporary scholarship, by contrast, treats conductive argument predominantly on a product view. Not only did Wellman’s reasons for a dialectical view thus fall into disregard; a product-treatment of conduction also flouts the standard semantics of ‘argument’. Attempting to resolve these difficulties, our paper traces Wellman’s preference for a dialectical view to the role of defeasible warrants. These act as stand-ins for (parts of) value hierarchies that arguers of normal suasory inclination find acceptable. We also improve on extant ways of diagramming conduction and distinguish two of its structural variants.
Argumentation As Critically Oriented Pedagogical Dialogue
Authors: Rapanta Chrysi
Published: March 2019

Argumentation in educational contexts has been proposed as a dialogic practice that stimulates and promotes students’ critical thinking. However, the way critical thinking relates to argumentation is still not clear in the literature. This essay proposes the exploration of the concept of criticality, as manifested in students’ and teachers’ contributions within argumentative interactions, as the basis for the redefinition of “pedagogical dialogue” as a dialogue oriented towards critical argumentation. The main characteristics of this type of dialogue are described, shedding light on the connection between argumentation and critical thinking. These characteristics are illustrated through examples drawn from classroom interactions.
Bioética y bioeconomía: disciplinas para supervivencia del mundo planetario
Authors: Rey Lema Diana María
Published: March 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar las diferentes posturas sobre bioética y bioeconomía, relacionadas con el desarrollo sostenible, a partir de perspectivas diversas que se enmarcan en los contextos europeo, latinoamericano y estadounidense. La revisión bibliográfica tuvo en cuenta teorías relacionadas con las tres categorías de análisis mencionadas. Se revisaron fuentes primarias y secundarias, con enfoques cualitativo y epistemológico-hermenéutico, para el análisis crítico de las fuentes. El desarrollo sostenible constituye un movimiento global que se relaciona con el medioambiente y no se opone a los avances de la ciencia y la tecnología, por el contrario, propende la preservación de un ambiente sano, uso y respeto de los recursos naturales para satisfacer las necesidades de las generaciones actuales sin poner en peligro la supervivencia de las generaciones futuras. La bioética y la bioeconomía son disciplinas que hacen compatible los intereses del ser humano de manera que sus conductas se cimienten en la moral, respeto de los recursos naturales y aplicación del principio de responsabilidad.
El teatro como práctica de consumo cultural. El debate entre jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Madrigal León Diurkis Yaneris , Montejo Chávez Rosa María , Gómez González Susell
Published: March 2019

Este artículo habla sobre la compleja problemática del consumo cultural de jóvenes estudiantes de la Universidad de Granma, provincia de la región Oriental de Cuba. El objetivo, valora la posición de los jóvenes universitarios de la carrera de Estudios Socioculturales, con respecto al teatro como práctica cultural. Se prioriza el análisis desde la teoría de Pierre Bourdieu, para comprender el comportamiento de los jóvenes, siguiendo la relación entre el habitus (cultura incorporada) y el campo donde interactúan (el medio social y cultural). Con la aplicación de la triangulación por técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, se comprueba la presencia de un discurso frívolo en el debate juvenil, con expresiones de indiferencia e insensibilidad hacia el teatro como práctica de consumo cultural, lo cual corrobora la presencia de un pensamiento limitado que guarda relación con el medio donde se desenrollan los actores sociales.
GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADE: concepções e discussões acerca da educação
Authors: Vigano Samira De Moraes Maia , Laffin Maria Hermínia Lage Fernandes
Published: March 2019

Este artigo apresenta alguns levantamentos realizados para a tese de doutorado em educação. Objetiva-se debater as questões de gênero e sexualidade no que tange ao currículo, as diretrizes e as leis propostas para essas questões, problematizando aspectos que deturpam a função social da escola e se incorporam em propostas como a do Projeto Escola sem Partido. O enfoque metodológico efetiva-se em uma pesquisa bibliográfica respaldada em teóricos e teóricas que debatem as questões de gênero, sexualidade, educação, ideologia de gênero, Escola sem Partido e uma análise documental no que tange as leis e diretrizes que envolvem a educação brasileira (Brasil, 1998, 2012 e 2017). Enfatiza-se o debate em torno do Projeto Escola sem Partido, problematizando a proposta e desvendando a ideologia de gênero. Verificou-se que o Projeto Escola sem Partido tem como base o cerceamento do currículo no que tange as discussões de gênero e sexualidade e que essa proibição resulta em formações homofóbicas e misóginas, fortalecendo um currículo segregador das diferenças.
OS CURRÍCULOS PENSADOS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO DA INFÂNCIA NO BRASIL E EM PORTUGAL: alguns apontamentos!
Authors: Maletta Ana Paula Braz , Reis Magali Dos
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo suscitar uma reflexão sobre uma das pautas de discussão dos Estudos Sociais da Infância, que se refere a necessidade de ultrapassar a invisibilidade social das crianças nos diferentes contextos, garantindo a elas o direito à participação. O principal objetivo da pesquisa a que se refere este artigo foi apreender as percepções das crianças a respeito dos currículos pensados para a formação delas, compreendendo os sentidos e significados que elas atribuíam ao que lhes era ensinado. Os contextos da pesquisa foram um Jardim de Infância situado em, em Porto, Portugal e uma Unidade Municipal de Educação Infantil em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Valorizar as culturas infantis, colocando em evidência o currículo na perspectiva das crianças, foi uma das ações da pesquisa que trouxe à tona a denúncia de práticas que reafirmam a invisibilidade social das novas gerações, por vezes reforçada dentro das instituições de educação infantil por meio de um desenho curricular pensado pelos adultos para as crianças e que muito pouco contempla os anseios dos sujeitos de pouca idade.
UTOPIAS E REGULAÇÕES DE UMA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR: projeções ficcionais para juventudes ideais
Authors: Ribeiro William De Goes
Published: March 2019

Este texto trata dos sentidos postos em disputa pela Base Nacional Curricular Comum, a qual projeta identificações (discente e docente) a partir de objetivos de aprendizagem/ de competências e habilidades preestabelecidas. Discute, portanto, as operações saber-poder que estão em um jogo no qual se restringe a educação ao reconhecimento do já dado, suposto como patrimônio cultural essencial para todos. O projeto de educação básica reinscreve processos complexos de hibridização com discursos variados, visando adesão em múltiplos contextos, com fragmentos que vão desde o progressivismo à teoria crítica, submetidos pela reedição de um viés instrumental. Nesse sentido, a diferença é posta à margem pelo instituído no qual o jovem precisa se adequar. Já com relação aos efeitos na escolarização, a autoavaliação, a responsabilização e a cobrança recaem sobre os indivíduos, exigindo deles uma adequação constante como garantia de empregabilidade em um mundo produtivo sempre em mudança. Parece não haver novidades, mas a pesquisa talvez nos permita perceber e explorar um pouco mais o projeto moralizador que está em curso.
A REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO COMO MECANISMO DE INTENSIFICAÇÃO DO DUALISMO ESCOLAR
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira , Esquinsani Valdocir Antonio
Published: March 2019

Considerando a existência no Brasil, de um processo de dualismo escolar - do qual o Ensino Médio é um dos sintomas mais palpáveis -, o texto problematiza a organização curricular desta etapa da Educação Básica e as possibilidades dessa organização representar - após a Lei nº 13.415/2017 -, a intensificação desse dualismo.  Amparado em uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, o texto conclui que o modelo que entrou em vigor após a chamada Reforma do Ensino Médio de 2017 legitima, na prática, dois projetos formativos: a formação propedêutica e/ou a formação para o mundo do trabalho, sendo que as recentes alterações legais não parecem colocar como horizonte a superação do dualismo escolar.
CURRÍCULO: possibilidades atuais para educação
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Cláudia Da Silva
Published: March 2019

Este dossiê centra seu campo problemático nesse período histórico, onde os estudos voltados as políticas curriculares se caracterizam e se articulam a partir de conceitos como enunciação, hibridismo, cotidiano e multiplicidade de acontecimentos (PINAR, 2007). A questão principal consistiu em compreender como os movimentos em defesa de setores específicos da educação ampliam o debate com um governo federal, instituído e consolidado como de disputa, em defesa de uma política para a Educação do Campo; Educação Infantil; Educação de Jovens e Adultos; Educação Inclusiva e Educação Integral? De que forma estas ações possibilitaram novas políticas curriculares? Quais avanços e retrocessos observam-se nos currículos escolares para estes setores específicos? A materialização do currículo, através da prática pedagógica, conduz as novas vertentes e experiências que ampliam estes corpus teóricos e possibilitam o surgimento de novos itinerários educativos?
De la ultro citroque obligatio al principio del consensualismo
Authors: Villagra Mónica
Published: March 2019

Nos proponemos trazar un recorrido diacrónico desde la época clásica romana partiendo de la concepción restrictiva objetivista del contrato en Labeón,  como sinalagma recíproco y bilateral, hasta la instauración formal del Principio de Consensualismo contractual en la novel legislación civil y comercial unificada que, finalmente, recepta en nuestro país una corriente jurídica antirealista, ya propiciada desde albores del s. XIX como  corolario del lento tamiz que,  durante las edades Media y Moderna, hizo decantar en forma preferente la concepción  subjetivista de Gayo en su categorización de la obligatio solo consensu contrahitur. A partir de este análisis, intentaremos extraer nuestras conclusiones en la presente sincronía a los fines de verificar si, el actual sistema jurídico argentino, postula un consensualismo contractual puro, si sólo lo es en teoría y si aún quedan resabios realistas y cuáles consecuencias podría ello tener.Palabras clave: Consensualismo contractual, Contratos, Abolición de Contratos reales, Labeón.
COMPARISON OF CLASSIC AND GREEDY HEURISTIC ALGORITHM RESULTS IN INTEGER PROGRAMMING: KNAPSACK PROBLEMS
Authors: DURMUŞ Burcu , İŞÇİ GÜNERİ Öznur , İNCEKIRIK Aynur
Published: March 2019

This study
is designed to investigate the comparison of Greedy and classic algorithm
solution results and the results of solution algorithms for integer linear
programming (ILP) problems. The purpose of the study is to examine the
heuristic Greedy algorithm that solves the ILP problems and to reveal the differences
and similarities between the classic and heuristic Greedy algorithms on the
application.

For this purpose, a software (JAVA Program)
which solves Knapsack Problems (KP) with Greedy terminology has been developed
and problems in different models have been solved with objective function and
constraints. The problems are solved by both the conventional classic algorithm
and the Greedy algorithm and the solution results are compared. In the
study, the results of pure and (0-1) binary backpack problems were found to be
the same as those of heuristic algorithms for small problems. In addition, the
developed program solves single and two-dimensional KP in the literature.
Bingöl ve Tunceli Yöresinde Şafii ve Alevi Toplumunda Nazar ve Uğurla İlgili İn
Authors: ALAY Okan
Published: March 2019

İnsanlık var olduğunda beri varlığı, yaşamı ve doğayı anlamlandırabilmek adına hep bir çabanın, arayışın içerisinde olmuştur. Bu bağlamda birçok olay ve olgu karşısında bilimsel bir açıklama getirirken bazen de bir türlü anlamlandıramadığı konuları ise gerçeklik payı olsun veya olmasın korku ve çaresizlikle doğaüstü bir güce, inanca bağlayarak yorumlamıştır. Her toplumda görülebilen bu inançların temelinde geleneklere bağlılığın yanında, gizli güçlerden korkma, uğur, geleceği öğrenme gibi duygu ve istemlerin yattığı görülmektedir. Bu inanış ve uygulamalar, salt bir kaynaktan beslenmemektedir. Bazıları dinî kaynaklara dayanırken bazıları da tarih öncesi zamanlardan, doğaüstü özelliklerden izler taşımaktadır. Geçmişten günümüze bazen değişip dönüşerek bazen de oldukları gibi aktarılarak gelmektedir. Söz konusu inanışlar ve uygulamalar arasında nazar ve uğur ayrıca önemli olup birçok konuya dair önemli izler taşımaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmamızda halk bilimi ve kültürel değerler bakımından ayrı bir yeri olan “nazar” ve “uğur”la ilgili inanış ve uygulamaların Bingöl ve Tunceli yöresinde Şafii ve Alevi toplumundaki yansımaları değerlendirilmektedir.
Çalışmamızda tespit edebildiğimiz bazı inanışları ve bu inanışlar sonucu ortaya çıkan pratikleri; “uğur ve nazar”la ilgili olmak üzere iki alt başlıkla ele aldık. Değerlendirmeler neticesinde, “nazar” ve “uğur”la ilgili inanışlarda İslamî özelliklerin yanında İslam öncesi dönemlerin pagan inancıyla atalar kültünden izler görülmektedir. Ayrıca özellikle Alevilerde dikkat çeken Şamanizm, Yaresan ve Zerdüşt tesiri yanında yine hem Alevi hem de Şafiilerde İslam diniyle birlikte Musevîlik ve Hıristiyanlık gibi diğer semavî dinlerin bazı değişim-dönüşümlerle de olsa yansımalarının olduğu saptanmaktadır. Günümüzde birçok inanış ve pratiğin geçmiş dönemlere göre zayıfladığı tespit edilse de birçok özelliğiyle hâlâ yaşamaya devam etmektedir.
Yaşar Kemal'in Romanlarının Sosyolojisinde İnsan Sevgisi ve Değerinin Varoluşsal
Authors: ŞEKER Aziz
Published: March 2019

Yaşar Kemal romanlarında, insan, toplum ve çevre üzerine birçok konuyu işlerken, kendi düşünsel tutumuna uygun hareket eden kadın ve erkek roman karakterlerini de başarıyla kurgulamıştır. Yaşar Kemal bir aydın olarak adalet, barış, eşitlik, özgürlük, demokrasi ve insan hakları söylemine sahip olduğu kadar, romanlarında oluşturduğu karakterler aracılığıyla da bu olgularla ilgili tartışmaların yapılmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu açıdan roman evrenine indiğimizde, roman karakterlerinin düşünce dünyaları ile insana, topluma ve çevreye bakış açılarının insan sevgisi, değeri ve hoşgörü üzerine biçimlendiğini görürüz. Yaşar Kemal’in romanlarında insan en yüksek değerdir. Elbette bunun tam da karşısında kötü olanın sergilendiği, kritik edildiği bir roman evrenini başarıyla çizdiğinden söz etmek mümkündür.
Bu çalışmada felsefi anlamda iyi ve kötünün karşı karşıya geldiği Yaşar Kemal’in romanlarının sosyolojisinde, insan sevgisi ve değerinin dayandığı varoluşsal kaynaklar irdelenirken, romanının demokratik işlevine ilişkin bir öngörü oluşturulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Cemal Reşit Rey'in "Bebek Efsanesi" Eserinin III. Bölümünün "Bebek Ninni" Türküs
Authors: Özkoç Önder
Published: March 2019

İlk kuşak Türk bestecilerinden olan Cemal Reşit Rey’in halk türküleriyle folklorik ögelere müziklerinde çokça yer verdiğini ve bu eğiliminin Türkiye’de yayımlanan ilk türkü derlemelerinden Darülelhan Külliyatı Anadolu Halk Şarkıları’nın 3 ve 4. defterlerinin başında yer alan ve o defterlerde yayımlanan türkülerin analizlerini içeren yazılarda da görülebildiği söylenebilir. Bu yazılarında türkülerin besteciler için önemini de vurgulayan Rey, 1928 yılında bestelediği Bebek Efsanesi’ni senfonik şiir olarak, Türk Halk Kültürü’nde yer alan Bebek anlatısı üzerine düşünmüş ve bu yapıtta birçok halk türküsüyle birlikte yapıtın son bölümünde müziğe ismini veren Bebek Türküsü’nü kullanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Rey’in Türk Halk Müziği’yle yakınlığı ve Bebek Türküsü ile Bebek Efsanesi’ne değinildikten sonra Bebek Efsanesi’nin III. bölümü bu bölümde kullanılan Bebek Türküsü ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Dânâ Ata Oğuznâmesi Hakkında Yapılan Çalışmalar
Authors: BİRKAN AKHAN EBRU
Published: March 2019

Dânâ Ata Oğuznâmesi, Oğuznâmecilik geleneğinde adı zikredilen bir Oğuznâme’dir. Dânâ Ata Oğuznâmesi üzerine ilk çalışmayı A. N. Samoyloviç yapmıştır. Eser hakkında Türkmenistan’da Ahmed Bekmıradov’un çalıştığı görülmektedir. Bekmıradov’un ilim dünyasına tanıttığı Oğuznâme metni, Abdurrahman Mulkomanov ile gözden geçirilerek sunulmuştur. Türkiye’deki ilim adamlarının da Dânâ Ata Oğuznâmesi hakkında kısaca bilgi verdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Dânâ Ata’(İhsan Şeyh) nın kimliği üzerine de yeterli bilgi mevcut değildir. Bu sebepler, Dânâ Ata Oğuznâmesi üzerine çalışmaya sevk etmiştir. Dânâ Ata Oğuznâmesi’nin tıpkıbasım metni St. Petersburg İlimler Akademisi Doğu Bilimleri El Yazmaları Bölümü 1927-no 643’te, Samoyloviç’in bildirisinde yer almaktadır. Mezkûr bildiri için St. Petersburg İlimler Akademisi El Yazmaları Bölümü’ne gidilmiştir.
Çalışmamız “Dânâ Ata Oğuznâmesi ve Oğuznâmecilik Geleneği” adlı Doktora Tezi üzerinedir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, A. N. Samoyloviç’e ait “Ebu’l Gazi Bahadır Han. Türkmenlerin Soy Ağacı Listelerinden Biri” adlı bildiriye Oğuznâmecilik Geleneği üzerine çalışan ilim adamlarının atıf yaptıkları görülmüştür. Dânâ Ata Oğuznâmesi’nin Hocalı Molla ile Oraz Muhammed Oğlu Molla Gurbangeldi olmak üzere iki yazıcısının olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Samoyloviç, Oğuznâme metninin Tumanskiy’e göre on altı bent sekiz heceli olduğunu belirtmiştir. Hece vezniyle yazılan manzum Oğuznâme’nin yazıya aktarılması sözlü gelenekte de icra edildiğini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda Dânâ Ata ve Dânâ Ata Oğuznâmesi Hakkında Yapılan Çalışmaların gün ışığına çıkartılması dikkate değer olmalıdır.
Solving a posynomial geometric programming problem with fully fuzzy approach
Authors: Kamaei Samira , Kamaei Sareh , Saraj Mansour
Published: March 2019

In this paper we have investigated a class of geometric programming problems in which all the parameters are fuzzy numbers. In fact, due to impreciseness of the cost components and exponents in geometric programming with their inherently behavior as in economics and many other areas, we have used fuzzy parametric geometric programming. Transforming the primal problem of fuzzy geometric programming into its dual and using the Zadeh's extension principle, we convert the dual form into a pair of mathematical programs. By applying the ?-cut on the objective function and r-cut on the constraints in dual form of geometric programming, we obtain an acceptable (?, r) optimal values. Then, we further calculate the lower and upper bounds of the fuzzy objective with emphasize on modification of a method presented in [14, 32]. Finally, we illustrate the methodology of the approach with a numerical example to clarify the idea by drawing the different steps of LR representation of Z?r.
İnsan Kolon Kanseri Hücrelerine Karşı İnorganik Nanopartikül-Temelli İlaç Taşıyıcı Sistemlerin Kullanılması: Partikül Büyüklüğünün Antikanser Aktivitesine Etkisi
Authors: DAĞLIOĞLU Cenk
Published: March 2019

Günümüz nanopartikül teknolojisi, özellikle kanser
nanotıp uygulamalarında kullanılmak üzere istenilen boyut, şekil ve malzemeye
sahip nanopartikül-temelli ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerinin sentezine olanak
sağlamaktadır. Dolayısıyla, partikül boyutlarının antikanser aktivite
üzerindeki etkisini anlamak, kanser tedavisinde yeni ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerin
geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunacaktır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada, ilaç taşıyıcı
sistemler olarak iki farklı büyüklükteki inorganik temelli nanopartiküller (~
55 ve 314 nm) kullanıldı ve boyutlarının hücresel birikim, sitotoksisite ve
apoptoz üzerindeki etkileri insan kolon kanseri Caco-2 ve HCT-116 hücrelerine karşı
araştırıldı. Elde edilen sonuçlar, büyük nanopartiküllerle karşılaştırıldığında
küçük nanopartiküllerin her iki kanser hücresinde de hızlı nanopartikül birikimini
desteklediğini gösterdi. Küçük nanopartiküller, büyük nanopartiküllere göre 48
saat içinde daha düşük yarı-maksimum
inhibisyon konsantrasyonu (IC50) değerleri ile kanser hücrelerinde
daha yüksek sitotoksisite sergiledi.
Öte yandan,
her iki nanopartikül de 72 saate varan inkübasyon süreleri sonrası benzer IC50
değerleri gösterdi. Ayrıca, küçük nanopartiküller 24 saatte apoptotik hücrelerin sayısını artırırken,
büyük nanopartiküllerin 72 saatlik süre içerisinde apoptozu indüklediği belirlendi. Bu gözlemler, küçük boyutlu ilaç taşıma sistemlerinin,
büyük boyutlu ilaç taşıma sistemleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, insan kolon
kanseri hücrelerinde kemoterapötik ilaçların antikanser etkilerini artırmada
daha verimli olduğunu göstermektedir.
Large Deflection Analysis of Prismatic Cantilever Beam Comparatively by Using Combing Method and Iterative DQM
Authors: GİRGİN Zekeriya , AYSAL Faruk Emre , BAYRAKÇEKEN Hüseyin
Published: March 2019

There is no exactly analytical solution for the large
deflection problem of prismatic cantilever beams under general loading
conditions. In the case of considering a non-prismatic cantilever beam, the
difficulty of the larger deflection problem is increased. In this study, the
comparison of the Iterative Differential Quadrature Method (I-DQM) and the
Combining Method (CM) was performed. Numerical solution of the large deflection
problem was separately performed with both the I-DQM and the CM for prismatic
cantilever beams. The obtaining results show that both of these methods gave
more accurate solutions compared with a reliable semi-analytic method which was
introduced by Dado and Sadder (2005). Besides, it was demonstrated that the
I-DQM provided a more wide-range solution than the CM.
Diffusion of Democracy among Civil Society Actors in Guangdong Province
Authors: Sundqvist Gustav Johan
Published: March 2019

In recent years, a great number of studies have convincingly shown that diffusion influences states’ probability to democratise. The primary interest of most of these studies has been on how diffusion influences democracy at the national level. The effect of democratic diffusion on the local level has largely been neglected. This paper thus investigates how and to what extent diffusion influences the density and conflict orientation of non-governmental labour organisations (LNGOs), comprising a typical case of civil society groups channelling democratic freedoms, in China’s Guangdong province. Since the province is close to the relatively liberal city of Hong Kong, there is reason to believe that support from international civil society groups based in Hong Kong may be critical for the survival and growth of conflict-oriented LNGOs in Guangdong. In the article, the research question is studied by both comparative analysis of cross-regional data and qualitative analysis of interview data. Both methods confirm that diffusion – or, more precisely, diffusion through international civil society networks – is a prominent factor for explaining the density and conflict orientation of LNGOs in Guangdong. The study demonstrates that democratic diffusion not only has an impact at the state level but also on the regional, intrastate level.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Analysis of Polystyrene-Anchored Pd(II) Metal Complex
Authors: Che Soh Siti Kamilah , Jusoh Siti Aminah , Shamsuddin Mustaffa
Published: March 2019

A polystyrene (PS)-anchored Pd(II) metal complex was synthesized on cross-linked polymer by heating a mixture of chlorometylated polystyrene with phenyldithiocarbazate and carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in dimethylformamide (DMF). The reaction mixture was heated at 80 °C to form the corresponding phenyldithiocarbazate-functionalized polymer. Then, it was treated with bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) chloride. The properties of dark colored polymer, impregnated with the metal complex was then characterized by various spectroscopic technique such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), CHNS elemental analysis, BET surface area, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric (TGA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission (ICP-OES) spectroscopy.
Conductivity Studies of Schiff Base Ligands Derived from O-Phenylenediamine and Their Co(II) and Zn(II) Complexes
Authors: Osman Muhamad Faridz , Kassim Karimah
Published: March 2019

The coordination complexes of Co(II) and Zn(II) with Schiff bases derived from o-phenylenediamine and substituted 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde were prepared All compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy elemental analyzers. They were analyzed using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 100Hz-1 MHz. LI and L2 showed higher conductivity compared to their metal complexes, which had values of 1.3 7 x 10-7 and 6.13 x 10-8 S/cm respectively.
A hybrid model for modelling the salinity of the Tafna River in Algeria
Authors: Houari Khemissi , Hartani Tarik , Remini Boualem , Lefkir Abdelouhab , Abda Leila , Heddam Salim
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the capacity of an Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for predicting salinity of the Tafna River is investigated.

Time series data of daily liquid flow and saline concentrations from the gauging station of Pierre du Chat (160801) were used for training, validation and testing the hybrid model. Different methods were used to test the accuracy of our results, i.e. coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (E), root of the mean squared error (RSR) and graphic techniques. The model produced satisfactory results and showed a very good agreement between the predicted and observed data, with R2 equal (88% for training, 78.01% validation and 80.00% for testing), E equal (85.84% for training, 82.51% validation and 78.17% for testing), and RSR equal (2% for training, 10% validation and 49% for testing).
Stakeholder engagement in a water user association for agricultural irrigation management in the villages in Indonesia
Authors: Rustinsyah Rustinsyah , Prasetyo Ratna A.
Published: March 2019

The fostering and empowerment of water user associations (WUAs) has been regulated by the Minister of Agriculture since 2012. However, the implementation of this guideline varies. Some water user associations have achieved improvement, while some others have not. This study discusses how a WUA in the villages that use Bengawan Solo River water has successfully managed the irrigation. One of the factors leading to the success of this WUA is the stakeholder engagement in the agricultural irrigation management and farm business. This study was conducted from June 2016 to June 2017 by employing a qualitative approach. It aimed to identify and understand the stakeholder engagement in agricultural irrigation management by: 1) conducting an analysis on stakeholder power and interest indices, 2) mapping the positions, responsibilities, and obligations of stakeholders, and 3) identifying the stakeholder engagement in agricultural irrigation management. The research results are as follows: a) the analysis using Likert scale showed that the power index reached a value of 0.76, while the interest index reached a value of 0.78; b) the mapping of internal stakeholders, especially the responsibilities and obligations, has been regulated under the Articles of Incorporation of WUAs and obligations of external stakeholders, especially the government in making government regulations, irrigation infrastructure support, and flood prevention; c) cooperation of the stakeholders has an important role in the agricultural irrigation management and in solving the problems faced by WUAs.
Vegetation classification as a mirror of evolution? Thoughts on the syntaxonomy and management of bramble scrubs of the Prunetalia (Rhamno-Prunetea)
Authors: Haveman Rense , de Ronde Iris
Published: March 2019

In Germany and the Netherlands, many bramble scrub associations are distinguished on the basis of the occurrence of Rubus species. The associations belonging to the Prunetalia spinosae Tüxen 1952 are usually assigned to the Pruno-Rubion radulae Weber Osnabr Naturwiss Mitt 3:143–150, 1974, but published tables show inconsistencies in the occurrence of alliance character species. In this paper, we compare synoptic tables from different sources from the Netherlands and Germany. From this comparison, it is concluded that the associations can be divided over two alliances, the Pruno-Rubion radulae in central Europe, and the Pruno-Rubion sprengelii Weber Osnabr Naturwiss Mitt 3:143–150, 1974 in northwest Europe (excluding the UK). The differential species of both these alliances coincide to a considerable degree with the indicator species of the phytogeographical Rubus territories as defined by Haveman et al. (J Biogeogr 43:1360-1371, 2016). As can be deduced from recent molecular studies (Sochor et al. Mol Phylogenet Evol 89:13-27, 2015), these territories have an evolutionary background. This is an effect of the unsaturated distribution areas of a large portion of the very young Rubus agamospecies. The same holds true for the two alliances: although they have a different ecology, we argue that their current distribution areas are not a reflection of this ecology, but both their ecology and distribution area are caused by different evolutionary developments.