bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the performance of polyoxometalate-based memristors in harsh environments based on hydrogen bonding cooperative π-conjugation interaction
Authors: Meng Mingze , Gao Yiqun , Chen Yi-Ping , Li Hao-Hong , Huang Xiaohui
Published: February 2025

Polyoxometalate (POMs), as a class of structurally well-defined compounds with excellent charge trapping and releasing capabilities, are ideal candidates for high-performance memory devices. However, their performance optimization in conventional environments...
Determination of Mn2+ by a paper-based flexible electrochemical sensor modified by NiFe2O4 and CeO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Zhan Haonan , Wang Jingxia , Xue Qiang , Liu Yao , Liu Zeyu , Xie Haijiao , Long Xiao , Bi Renzhe , Olivo Malini
Published: February 2025

NiFe₂O₄, a spinel compound, has drawn significant interest from researchers due to its high natural saturation and remarkable electrocatalytic properties. Simultaneously, CeO₂ introduces structural defects that can enhance the functional...
Cervical and Masseter Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Authors: Sinha Sujeet Kumar , Vipinan Krishnapriya Moothedath
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Diabetes affects the peripheral auditory and vestibular systems. Research suggests that both cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) are affected in individuals with diabetes. Masseter VEMP (mVEMP) is a new tool that assesses the vestibulomasseteric reflex pathways. The study aimed to characterize the cVEMP and mVEMP latency and amplitude parameters in diabetes mellitus type 2.

Method:

The study included 21 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 21 age- and gender-matched participants without diabetes aged 48–68 years. mVEMP and cVEMP were recorded using 500 Hz tone burst stimuli, presented at an intensity of 125 dB peSPL for both the groups.

Results:

The study suggests significantly prolonged P13 (
p
= .00) and P11 latencies (
p
= .00) in participants with diabetes (
M
for p11 = 15.81,
M
for p13 = 15.39) compared to participants without diabetes (
M
for p11 = 13.12,
M
for p13 = 14.19) for both cVEMP and mVEMP, respectively. No significant differences were observed in N23 (
p
= .4) and N21 latencies (
p
= .18) between the diabetes (
M
for N21 = 22.62,
M
for N23 = 22.61) and nondiabetes groups (
M
for N21 = 22.21,
M
for N23 = 22.40). Additionally, a significant reduction in cVEMP amplitude (P13-N23) was noted in the diabetes group (
M
for P13-N23 = 0.71,
p
= .00) than the nondiabetes group (
M
= 1.44), while mVEMP amplitudes (P11-N21) remained similar across groups (
M
for P11-N21 for diabetes = 0.72, (
M
for P11-N21 for nondiabetes = 0.77,
p
= .44). There were no significant correlations between the duration of diabetes and VEMP parameters, nor between cVEMP and mVEMP responses in either group.

Conclusions:

The findings revealed notable differences in cVEMP and mVEMP findings in diabetes individuals. These results suggest that diabetes may lead to neural and labyrinthine impairments. The degree of vestibular impairment varies and affects different reflex pathways. Even though mVEMP has a similar saccular origin as cVEMP, the results between the two do not correlate with each other.
Evolution of the near-core rotation frequency of 2,497 intermediate-mass stars from their dominant gravito-inertial mode
Authors: Aerts Conny , Van Reeth Timothy , Mombarg Joey S.G. , Hey Daniel
Published: February 2025

The sparsely sampled time-series photometry from Gaia/ Data Release 3 (DR3) led to the discovery of more than 100,000 main-sequence non-radial pulsators. The majority of these were further scrutinised by uninterrupted high-cadence space photometry assembled by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We combined Gaia/ DR3 and TESS photometric light curves to estimate the internal physical properties of gravity-mode pulsators. We performed asteroseismic analyses with two major aims: 1) to measure the near-core rotation frequency and its evolution during the main sequence and 2) to estimate the mass, radius, evolutionary stage, and convective core mass from stellar modelling. We relied on asteroseismic properties of Kepler/ γ,Doradus and slowly pulsating B stars to derive the cyclic near-core rotation frequency, f_ rot, of the Gaia -discovered pulsators from their dominant prograde dipole gravito-inertial pulsation mode. Further, we investigated the impact of adding f_ rot as an extra asteroseismic observable apart from the luminosity and effective temperature on the outcome of grid-based modelling from rotating stellar models. We offer a recipe based on linear regression to deduce f_ rot from the dominant gravito-inertial mode frequency. It is applicable to prograde dipole modes with an amplitude above 4,mmag and occurring in the sub-inertial regime. By applying it to 2,497 pulsators with such a mode, we have increased the sample of intermediate-mass dwarfs with such an asteroseismic observable by a factor of four. We used the estimate of f_ rot to deduce spin parameters between two and six, while the sample's near-core rotation rates range from 0.7% to 25% of the critical Keplerian rate. We used f_ rot, along with the Gaia/ effective temperature and luminosity to deduce the (convective core) mass, radius, and evolutionary stage from grid modelling based on rotating stellar models. We derived a decline of f_ rot with a factor of two during the main-sequence evolution for this population of field stars, which covers a mass range from 1.3,M_⊙ to 7,M_⊙. We found observational evidence for an increase in the radial order of excited gravity modes as the stars evolve. For 307 pulsators, we derived an upper limit of the radial differential rotation between the convective core boundary and the surface from Gaia 's vbroad measurement and found values up to 5.4. Our recipe to deduce the near-core rotation frequency from the dominant prograde dipole gravito-inertial mode detected in the independent Gaia/ and TESS light curves is easy to use, facilitates applications to large samples of pulsators, and allows to map their angular momentum and evolutionary stage in the Milky Way.
Adaptive output regulation for two coupled anti-stable strings with unknown exosystem
Authors: Guo Bao-Zhu , Hu Qing-Qing , Jin Feng-Fei
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates non-collocated boundary output regulation for two interconnected anti-stable string systems, where external disturbances infiltrate the plant from both {\color{blue} the} spatial domain and the boundaries. The reference signal and disturbances originate from an unknown finite-dimensional exosystem. Firstly, we design a feedforward controller using the backstepping transformation. Secondly, the Sylvester equation is employed to redirect disturbances from all  channels to the output end.  The exosystem is then transformed into an observable canonical form.  Subsequently, an adaptive observer is developed, facilitating the design of a tracking error feedback {\color{blue} controller} that incorporates  an adaptive internal model.  We   prove that {\color{blue} the internal signals} within the closed-loop system remain bounded, and the output signal successfully tracks the reference signal. Finally, the efficacy of our proposed scheme is verified through numerical simulations.
Undeveloped Region in Target-Strategies and Potential in Antiviral Drug Discovery
Authors: Du Shaoqing , Liu Xinyong , Hu Xueping , Zhan Peng
Published: February 2025

Drug resistance is a looming threat to global health security, undermining the effectiveness of current treatments and increasing treatment failures. To address this challenge, it is necessary to explore innovative strategies by identifying new binding mechanisms and targeting previously undeveloped therapeutic avenues. This paper reviewed the potential of leveraging undeveloped domains to combat drug resistance and proposes a range of methodologies to accurately identify those specific targets. There is also an extensive review of the challenges associated with targeting undeveloped areas and strategies to effectively address them. In this process, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) can effectively improve the efficiency of drug design, while appropriate attention should be paid to the physicochemical and drug-like properties of pharmaceutical compounds in the realm of drug discovery. Given the above, focusing on these undeveloped areas could provide a promising pathway to address drug resistance; however, achieving this objective necessitates sustained investigative efforts and inventive approaches.
Surgical Approaches to Optic Nerve Decompression in Osteopetrosis: A Review of Endoscopic Endonasal and Transcaruncular Techniques
Authors: Jalkh Rita Maria , Abou Raji Feghali Patrick , Lababidi Ghena , Darwish Houssein , Korban Zeina
Published: February 2025

Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by impaired osteoclast function and excessive bone density, often leading to compressive optic neuropathy due to bony overgrowth of the optic canal. Timely surgical intervention is critical for preventing permanent vision loss in affected patients. This review summarizes the available literature on the surgical techniques of endoscopic endonasal optic nerve decompression (EEOND) and the transcaruncular approach in osteopetrosis patients.
EEOND is a minimally invasive technique that offers excellent visualization, advanced instrumentation and access to the optic nerve through the nasal corridor and requires mastering the anatomy of the sphenoid bone to achieve success. However, challenges arise from the dense and brittle nature of the bone in osteopetrosis, complicating the procedure. The transcaruncular approach provides a targeted route to the medial optic canal with minimal external scarring. However, its limited scope may not suffice for extensive decompression in severe cases.
Early surgical intervention correlates with better visual outcomes, particularly in pediatric patients who are at higher risk for rapid progression of vision loss. Integrating advanced imaging and hybrid surgical techniques may enhance decompression efficacy.
In conclusion, both EEOND and the transcaruncular approach are valuable for managing optic nerve compression in osteopetrosis, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Ongoing advancements in surgical techniques and a multidisciplinary approach are essential to optimize patient outcomes.
Antiplatelet Therapy in PCI Patients with Concurrent High Ischemic and Bleeding Risk
Authors: Mauro Maria Sara , Capodanno Davide
Published: February 2025

No Abstract
Investigating Diagnostic and Treatment Barriers in Cancer Care: A Rural Perspective from Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Nagar Akash , Vishwakarma Kavita , Nair Gayatri R. , R. Akhil , Madamanchi Divya
Published: February 2025

Introduction Noncommunicable diseases, particularly cancer, are increasingly burdening India's health care system. Despite the implementation of various national cancer control programs, notable barriers to timely diagnosis and treatment persist, especially in rural regions.

Objectives This study aims to identify these barriers and assess diagnostic and treatment intervals among cancer patients in rural Western Maharashtra.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary cancer hospital from January to March 2024. Histopathologically confirmed patients with cancer (aged ≥ 18 years) who attended the radiotherapy and chemotherapy outpatient departments for treatment were included. Data was collected using structured interviews, focusing on sociodemographic factors, diagnostic intervals (from first symptom to final diagnosis), and treatment intervals (from final diagnosis to treatment initiation). Statistical analyses were performed using MedCalc software.

Results Out of 127 patients analyzed, the mean age was 53.4 years, with 68.5% being female. The majority resided in rural areas (52.0%). Breast cancer (26.8%), lip and oral cavity cancer (15.0%), and cervical cancer (10.2%) were the most prevalent among patients. The median total interval in diagnosis was 86 days, with a median diagnostic interval of 61 days and a median treatment interval of 8 days. Substantial barriers to timely diagnosis included misconceptions about symptom severity, neglect, and lack of knowledge about where to seek care. Rural residency and diagnosis of the first doctor consulted were significantly associated with longer diagnostic intervals.

Conclusion The study identified critical barriers to timely cancer diagnosis and treatment in rural Western Maharashtra, highlighting the need for increased awareness, better access to health care, and streamlined diagnostic processes. Addressing these challenges through targeted strategies can potentially reduce delays and improve cancer care outcomes, enhancing survival rates and quality of life for patients in this region. This study highlights the urgency for health care policymakers to prioritize and address these barriers to improve cancer care in rural India.
Symbiotic engineering: insects, microbes, and the space of vector control
Authors: Opitz Sven , Folkers Andreas
Published: February 2025

This article analyses vector control methods that use microbes to fight diseases, such as dengue, Zika, or West-Nile, by infecting mosquitoes with an endosymbiotic bacterium, Wolbachia. These methods affect mosquitoes’ capacity to transmit viruses to humans, either by suppressing the whole mosquito population, or by neutralizing the pathogen in the insect itself. Drawing on fieldwork, we show how these approaches instantiate a biopolitical strategy that we describe as ‘symbiotic engineering’: technoscientific attempts to secure forms of collective life by creating a symbiotic relationship through which the biological reaches into the social and vice versa. We situate the use of Wolbachia in the history of biocontrol techniques, delineate its economic rationalities, and explore the transformation it inflicts on communal ties. We show how the aim of addressing ‘global’ disease through microbial means places symbiotic engineering in the milieu of residential areas. Scaling-up vector control requires attending to a messy intermediate space affected by climate conditions, human habits, the built environment, and chemical residues.
Metastable states assisted homogeneous nucleation in supercooled liquid aluminum alloys: Insights from a phenomenologically coupled atomistic, phase-field, and machine learning investigation
Authors: Hasan Md Mahmudul , Choudhuri Deep
Published: February 2025

Crystallization due to liquid → solid transformation is observed in many natural and engineering processes. Extant literature indicates that crystallization in supercooled liquids is initiated by precursory metastable phases or states, also called non-classical nucleation. For face-centered cubic (FCC) materials, latest experimental and computational studies suggest that metastable hexagonal-closed packed (HCP) structures facilitate equilibrium FCC formation. However, the underlying nucleation mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examine structural changes and energetic barriers associated with such a non-classical mechanism, by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using pure Al, Al-0.5 at. %Cu, and Al-0.5 at. %Ni (all FCC-formers) and phenomenologically coupling MD results with phase-field (PF) modeling. Such a coupling involved initializing PF simulation domains and constructing Landau polynomials—consistent with MD observations. Unsupervised machine learning was utilized to capture nuclei structures from MD simulations, while neural networks helped in extracting equilibrium interfacial energies from PF modeling. Atomistic simulations showed that precursory nuclei are comprised of collection of metastable-HCP states with medium ranged ordering. The pockets of HCP states later transform to critical nuclei—containing an FCC core and an outer layer of HCP. PF modeling qualitatively replicated the precursory-to-critical nuclei transformation and showed that the energetic barriers between the precursory and critical nuclei are substantially smaller than predictions obtained from classical nucleation theory. Together, these observations permitted us to propose a holistic non-classical mechanism that links triangular motifs within Al-based supercooled liquids to the critical nuclei via in-liquid structural transformations.
Experimental investigation on the aerodynamic characteristics of tapered high-rise buildings under atmospheric boundary layer conditions
Authors: Han Kanghui , Shen Guohui , Yu Shice
Published: February 2025

In order to investigate the wind load of tapered high-rise buildings under different ground roughness, six rigid models with different taper ratios (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%) were designed, and synchronous multi-pressure scanning system tests were conducted under four turbulent boundary layers in the wind tunnel. Based on the experimental results, the influence of ground roughness and taper ratio on the wind load was discussed in detail. Results showed that as the ground roughness and the taper ratio increase, both the high turbulence intensity and the shrinking shape along the height will suppress the vortex shedding; therefore, the bandwidth of the fluctuating wind load power spectral density decreases in across-wind and torsional directions. The Strouhal number gradually increases with the increase in taper ratio and height for tapered buildings. The fluctuating wind force in the across-wind direction gradually decreases with the increase in ground roughness, while the fluctuating base torque first increases and then decreases due to the combined effects of incoming turbulence and vortex shedding. Moreover, the influence of ground roughness on the fluctuating wind load gradually decreases as taper ratio increases in across-wind and torsional directions, indicating that the influence of ground roughness and taper ratio is not independent. Although the influence of reduced surface area is eliminated, taper ratio can still significantly reduce the fluctuating wind loads in the across-wind direction. Finally, the estimating equations of the base wind load coefficients are proposed, which consider the influence of taper ratio and ground roughness.
Hydrodynamic interaction between microswimmers and a circular surface: Circular motion and flower-like paths
Authors: Nie Deming , Zhang Kai , Lin Jianzhong
Published: February 2025

How motile microorganisms or self-propelled synthetic swimmers interact with a curved surface is crucial in determining their locomotion patterns in complex geometry. We used a self-propelled micrsoswimmer model (i.e., the squirmer) and performed two-dimensional study on the hydrodynamic interaction between the microswimmers and a circular obstacle. We revealed that both pullers and pushers, i.e., the two types of squirmers, may exhibit flower-like paths as they are circling around the obstacle at nonzero Reynolds numbers. Flowers with various shapes and numbers of petals were created by a microswimmer by varying the Reynolds number, squirmer-type parameter, or relative curvature of the obstacle. Moreover, pullers showed quite different dynamical features from their counterparts in terms of their motion direction, swimming speed, and shape of flower-like paths. The possible mechanisms were revealed in detail. In particular, pullers interacting with a large obstacle may attain an enhanced speed. The findings of this study display potential usefulness in micro/nanofluidic applications associated with a collection or separation of microorganisms and artificial mircroswimmer navigation.
Effect of angle optimization on particle inertial focusing with asymmetrically curved channels
Authors: Zhao Moli , Qin Xiaoyu , Li Qiao , Wang Shaowei , Xiao Yue
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of angle optimization on particle inertial focusing within a fluid flow system through numerical simulations. The investigation employs asymmetrically curved channels characterized by circular curved walls and angled straight walls. Various radii of curvature for the circular arc walls and different angles for the straight walls are selected to achieve optimized channel designs and to analyze particle trajectories in both power-law and Newtonian fluids. The study takes into account several parameters, including the channel width at the baffle (dw), power-law index (n), Reynolds number (Re), and the curvature radius (R) of the curved wall. The findings indicate that an increase in dw results in a shift from single-sided to double-sided focusing within the channel. Furthermore, this transition between the two focusing states can be facilitated by increasing the channel Reynolds number, which leads to a shift from a double-point equilibrium position to a single-point equilibrium position. In the case of shear-thinning fluids, the single-point equilibrium position becomes unstable, resulting in a completely unfocused state as dw increases. In contrast, shear-thickening fluids exhibit two stable equilibrium positions that move away from the channel centerline with an increase in dw. The optimal focusing performance and the minimal particle loss rate are achieved when the curvature radius R is set at 900 μm.
Large eddy simulation of a supersonic inlet turbine in a rotating detonation engine
Authors: Mushtaq N. , Arroyo C. P. , Dombard J. , Duchaine F. , Strempfl P. , Gaetani P.
Published: February 2025

A rotating detonation combustor (RDC) is an innovative technology with the potential to improve the efficiency of modern gas turbines. However, the highly unsteady and transonic flows generated by RDCs require advanced turbine designs, such as supersonic inlet turbines, to fully realize their benefits. This paper presents the first large eddy simulation of a complete supersonic turbine stage operating with RDC-representative inlet conditions. The investigation begins by evaluating the accuracy of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations, widely employed for designing and optimizing supersonic inlet turbines. The strengths and limitations of RANS in capturing the complex flow physics of such systems are revealed. Aerodynamic losses within the turbine are quantified and compared with predictions from established mean-line design loss models. An entropy decomposition framework is then applied to uncover the dominant physical mechanisms of entropy generation and to identify regions of peak entropy production. The impact of RDC wave propagation through the stator and rotor blade rows is analyzed through phase–phase diagrams of phase-locked-averaged quantities, revealing key unsteady flow interactions. Additionally, the dominant modes characterizing the flow separation on the stator's suction side are detected with dynamic mode decomposition, and an accurate reduced-order model is developed with the state-of-the-art shallow recurrent decoder neural network. This work provides critical insights into the aerodynamic performance, loss mechanisms, and unsteady flow phenomena of supersonic inlet turbines in a rotating detonation engine (RDE). These findings pave the way for the practical implementation and continued advancement of RDE-integrated turbine technologies.
Effects of internal heating and chemical reactions on triple-diffusive convection under rotation modulation
Authors: Bixapathi Sapavat , Babu A. Benerji , Anilkumar D.
Published: February 2025

The stability of thermally driven buoyant convection in a fluid-saturated, rotating horizontally porous layer with permeable boundaries is investigated by considering a triple-diffusive convection system subjected to rotation modulation and influenced by internal heating and chemical reactions. The momentum equation is derived using Darcy's law for porous layers. A linear stability analysis is conducted using the standard normal mode technique. The critical thermal Rayleigh number at the onset of stationary convection is determined based on the physical governing parameters. The results reveal significant insight: internal heating is found to destabilize the system, while chemical reactions involving solute concentrations contribute to system stabilization, leading to both instability and stability under certain conditions. A weakly nonlinear analysis is performed using a regular asymptotic perturbation method, where perturbations are expressed as power series. Furthermore, the Ginzburg–Landau equation is derived at the stationary mode. The equation is used to investigate the influence of rotation modulation on heat and mass transport, providing valuable insight into these processes within the studied system. The effect of Coriolis force is to increase the heat and mass transmission in the system. The convective heat and mass transports in the system increase by approximately 6.1%, 7.3%, and 1.55%, respectively, with a 16% rise in the internal heating parameter.
An intelligent diagnostic method for lost circulation based on transient pressure waves
Authors: Zhu Zhongxi , Chen Weiting , Du Tong , Wu Desheng , Lei Wanneng
Published: February 2025

Accurate diagnosis of leakage location can reduce the loss caused by lost circulation, and this study incorporates the use of Improved Partly Ensemble Local Characteristic scale Decomposition (IPELCD), Phase Randomization Technique (PRT), and Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) to obtain improved Support Vector Machines (PGSVM). The IPELCD-PRT-PGSVM intelligent diagnostic method is proposed for accurately locating leaky layer and reducing losses caused by lost circulation. The method innovatively applies the IPELCD algorithm and PGSVM to enhance end point detection, which overcomes modal aliasing and end point effects during transient pressure wave processing. In low-frequency component processing, IPELCD outperforms other algorithms, such as conventional Local Characteristic scale Decomposition (LCD) and Improved adaptive noise Complete Ensemble Empirical Modal Decomposition with Adapted Noise, with the Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio of the experimentally reconstructed signals improved by more than 3 and 2 times, respectively, and the structural similarity index close to 1. In terms of intelligent diagnosis, the PGSVM model achieves 97.5% accuracy in leakage localization experiments, maintaining high accuracy and stability at different leakage levels and borehole sizes. Compared with other methods, the IPELCD-PRT-PGSVM method improves the stability by at least 11.48%, reduces the misclassification rate by at least 27.2%, and has the optimal performance in Precision, Recall, and F-Score. The results show that the method performs well in terms of leak location accuracy and application effect and can meet the inspection needs of different drilling sites.
Phase-field lattice Boltzmann model with adaptive mesh refinement for ferrofluid interfacial dynamics
Authors: Guo Zhenchao , Zhang Shiting , Zhu Yuqi , Hu Yang , He Qiang , Yang Xiaolong , Li Decai
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we propose a phase-field model that integrates the lattice Boltzmann method with an adaptive mesh refinement technique to study the interfacial dynamics of ferrofluids. In this model, we employ the second-order conservative Allen–Cahn equation to accurately capture the ferrofluid interface. The velocity-based hydrodynamic equations and a magnetic scalar potential equation with a pseudo-time term are utilized to describe the flow and magnetic fields. All governing equations are solved using a finite difference lattice Boltzmann scheme. To effectively resolve the interfacial dynamics of ferrofluids while reducing computational overhead, the numerical scheme is implemented on a block-structured adaptive mesh. To evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model, we conduct simulations on several benchmark problems, including a circular cylinder in a uniform magnetic field, the deformation of a ferrofluid droplet, and the rising of a bubble in ferrofluid. The results obtained show good agreement with exact solutions and well-validated results in the existing literature. Furthermore, three types of ferrofluid instabilities under a uniform magnetic field—namely, the Rosensweig instability, the Rayleigh–Taylor instability, and the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability—are also investigated. Numerical results demonstrate that the magnetic field can significantly promote or suppress the occurrence of flow instabilities.
World in motion
Authors: Schachtner Christina
Published: February 2025

Migration is part of the “global movement potential” (Albrow, 2014,
p. 14) that is currently shaping social change worldwide. This article focuses on the narratives and narrative practices of
migrants. It is assumed that narrative is an attempt to come to terms with migration experiences. The research interest focuses on
the what, how and why of migrant narratives and the role of digital media in everyday
storytelling. The empirical basis is the study “Transnational living”, in which people from various African, Arab and European
countries were included. The research methods are committed to an understanding-interpretative paradigm. Discourses from
migration, narration and mediatization research form the theoretical framework of the analysis.
Van der Waals epitaxy of twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2 with strong coupling and interlayer exciton emission
Authors: Cao Qingqing , Chen Meili , Yang Xinhui , Xu Mingyi , Li Mengya , Lu Chang , Liu Zhiyi , Long Meili , Yuan Xiaoming
Published: February 2025

Twisted bilayer (TB) MoS2has attracted great interest due to its application in twistronics. A modification of the conventional growth method is usually required to overcome the energy barrier between layers to grow twisted bilayer MoS2 with different angle. Hence direct one-step synthesis of MoS2 with a large area, clean surface, and a wide twisted angle range is still a challenge. In this work, we show the direct growth of high-quality twisted bilayer and trilayer of MoS2 by a countercurrent physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. We investigated the evolution of optical properties of twisted MoS2 at the range from 0◦ to 60◦. Raman and photoluminescence (PL) results show a strong relationship between interlayer coupling and the twisted angle of bilayer MoS2. Moreover, interlayer exciton was observed in twisted bilayer MoS2 for a large twisted angle range below 253 K. In comparison, no interlayer exciton related emission was observed for transferred bilayer MoS2, indicating that bottom-up growth of twisted MoS2 presents better interlayer quality. Our results demonstrate a simple approach to produce twisted angle MoS2with high quality for twist-angle based optical and electronic properties investigations.
Physical Model of Diamond Vertical Schottky Diode including Incomplete Ionization and Thermal Effects
Authors: Shang Hong , Jiang Yanfeng
Published: February 2025

Diamond device shows particular supreme characteristics, including high thermal conductivity, high breakdown voltage, radiation hardness, etc., and attracts attention from both industrial and academic communities to investigate its applications in modern electronics. Currently, the incumbent physical model of the diamond device is assembled following the silicon device’s strategies without considering many unique physical phenomena in diamond material, which makes the simulation inconsistent with the experimental results. In the paper, the diamond device model including the unique properties of the incomplete ionization and thermal effects is developed. The effect of the incomplete ionization of boron atoms on the energy band distribution and the hole concentration in diamond material is studied. The thermal effect on both the ionized hole concentration and the hole mobility is also investigated. The self-heating effect is developed to describe the thermal effect in the power device with high current. In this way, the diamond device model is set up, including the incomplete ionization and thermal effects, which is used in the simulation of diamond vertical Schottky diode. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental data. Therefore, the model including the specific characteristics of the diamond material would be a promising platform for the investigation of the diamond device in the future.
Effect of low-pressure plasma-induced NO, OH, and NH reactive species on radish seedling growth
Authors: Attri Pankaj , Ono Shinjiro , Okumura Takamasa , Takeuchi Nozomi , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu
Published: February 2025

Plasma agriculture has recently gained tremendous attention to increase seed germination, seedling growth, and yield. Several factors influence plasma's negative and positive effects on seeds. One of the major factors is the role of plasma-generated reactive nitrogen species (RNS). To unlock the role of RNS on the seeds, we treated the radish seeds using low-pressure RF plasma with N2 as a feed gas for different treatment times. We used the radish seeds with two different seed coat colors (brown and grey) and treated them under two conditions (dry and wet). In the present study, we want to analyze the possible role of seed coat color, humidity, and plasma treatment time on seed germination and seedling growth. We observed that humidity and plasma treatment time affected the seedling growth for the wet seeds. There was no change in the seed germination rate or total germination percentage for both dry and wet seeds. We conducted electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) to analyze the increased concentration of organic radicals in radish seeds after plasma treatment. Additionally, we used Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) to investigate the generation of reactive species in the plasma reactor with both dry and wet seeds. We also explored OES measurements without seeds, using N2 and Air as feed gases at different pressures (100, 150, and 200 Pa). The OES spectra revealed that elevated concentrations of NO, OH, and NH in the wet seeds were responsible for the enhanced radish growth.
Transition from divertor to limiter configuration and associated transient plasma oscillation in Heliotron J
Authors: Miyashita Akira , Ohshima Shinsuke , Xu Ze , Kin Fumiyoshi , Kobayashi S , Kado Shinichiro , Minami T , Mizuuchi Tohru , Konoshima Shigeru , Okada Hiroyuki , Inagaki Shigeru , Nagasaki Kazunobu
Published: February 2025

A transition from a divertor configuration to a limiter configuration and associated transient plasma oscillation were observed in configurations whose confinement region expanded with the codirected plasma current in the Heliotron J device. The transition was associated with the edge plasma profile such as electron density and temperature, and the change in the particle flux on the divertor probe was qualitatively consistent with the magnetic field line tracing calculation result, including the effect of the plasma current. During the transition, a spontaneous oscillation with a toroidal mode structure of n = 1 was observed at approximately 2 kHz, accompanied by an edge plasma response with a synchronized divertor footprint shift. This suggests that the transition to the limiter configuration was coupled with transient oscillatory responses. The study shows that the plasma current alters the edge magnetic field structure, and the edge plasma oscillates as a transient response.
Computing MHD equilibria of stellarators with a flexible coordinate frame
Authors: Hindenlang Florian Jacques , Plunk Gabriel G , Maj Omar
Published: February 2025

For the representation of axi-symmetric plasma configurations (tokamaks), it is natural to use cylindrical coordinates (R,Z,Φ), where Φ is an independent coordinate. The same cylindrical coordinates have also been widely used for representing 3D MHD equilibria of non-axisymmetric configurations (stellarators), with cross-sections, defined in RZ-planes, that vary over Φ. Stellarator equilibria have been found, however, for which cylindrical coordinates are not at all a natural choice, for instance certain stellarators obtained using the near-axis expansion (NAE), defined by a magnetic axis curve and its Frenet frame.In this contribution, we propose an alternative approach for representing the boundary in a fixed-boundary 3D MHD equilibrium solver, moving away from cylindrical coordinates. Instead, we use planar cross-sections whose orientation is determined by a general coordinate frame (G-Frame). This frame is similar to the conventional Frenet frame, but more flexible. As an additional part of the boundary representation, it becomes an input to the equilibrium solve, along with the geometry of the cross-sections.We see two advantages: 1) the capability to easily represent configurations where the magnetic axis is highly non-planar or even knotted. 2) a reduction in the degrees of freedom needed for the boundary surface, and thus the equilibrium solver, enabling progress in optimization of these configurations.We discuss the properties of the G-Frame, starting from the conventional Frenet frame. Then we show two exemplary ways of constructing it, first from a NAE solution and also from a given boundary surface. We present the details of the implementation of the new frame in the 3D MHD equilibrium solver GVEC. Furthermore, we demonstrate for a highly shaped QI-optimized stellarator that far fewer degrees of freedom are necessary to find a high quality equilibrium solution, compared to the solution computed in cylindrical coordinates.
Preparation and Study of Perovskite Solar Cells with Titanium-Tin Alloy-Based Electron Transport Layers
Authors: Hui Hao , Huang Jin , Chen Chunyang , Jia Chunliang , Zhou Yufan , Guo Kaiyuan
Published: February 2025

The electron transport layer (ETL) plays a fundamental role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), where ETL extracts and transports photogenerated carriers and influences the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this context, this paper develops a novel design for the titanium-tin alloy-based electron transport layer (TTA-ETL). Experimental results show that the efficiency of power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be maximized (i.e., 16.42%) when the molar ratio of titanium dioxide (TiO2) to tin oxide (SnO2) doping reaches 7:1. Moreover, in this case, the PSC device can maintain the 81.5% of the maximum efficiency over 42 days. Therefore, the proposed scheme can significantly improve the electron mobility and surface morphology in ETL, thereby achieving superior performance compared with prior schemes.
Image Ciphering Algorithm Based on Novel ICMM and Modified Differential Encoding
Authors: Rani Narbda
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a novel image encryption algorithm to enhance the security and privacy of image data shared across various channels. The algorithm integrates an Iteratively Compounded Magic Matrix (ICMM) and a modified differential encoding approach. A method to generate a novel ICMM of order 3 × 2^m for all m ε N using iterative matrix compounding is introduced. The modified differential encoding technique generates a single random sequence from two input sequences. The encryption process begins with pixel and ICMM element randomization using a 2D Arnold map. The diffusion phase involves two security layers: the first modifies pixel values using ICMM row matrix and Fast Fourier Transform, mitigating potential attacks; the second minimizes confidentiality risks using modified differential encoding and a 3D Bernoulli map at the bit level. Additional security is achieved by XORing cipher image components with unitary matrices derived from the ICMM via singular value decomposition. Numerical and graphical simulations validate the algorithm's security and complexity, and comparative analysis confirms its effectiveness in meeting security standards.
SASHIMI-SIDM: semi-analytical subhalo modelling for self-interacting dark matter at sub-galactic scales
Authors: Ando Shin'ichiro , Horigome Shunichi , Nadler Ethan O. , Yang Daneng , Yu Hai-Bo
Published: February 2025

We combine the semi-analytical structure formation model, SASHIMI, which predicts subhalo populations in collisionless, cold dark matter (CDM), with a parametric model that maps CDM halos to self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) halos. The resulting model, SASHIMI-SIDM, generates SIDM subhalo populations down to sub-galactic mass scales, for an arbitrary input cross section, in minutes. We show that SASHIMI-SIDM agrees with SIDM subhalo populations from high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations in resolved regimes. Crucially, we predict that the fraction of core-collapsed subhalos peaks at a mass scale determined by the input SIDM cross section and decreases toward higher halo masses, consistent with the predictions of gravothermal models and cosmological simulations. For the first time, we also show that the core-collapsed fraction decreases toward lower halo masses. While the dependence of the collapse time on mass and concentration implies such behaviour, our semi-analytical approach allows us to quantify and illustrate this trend clearly across the full mass spectrum of subhalos, including for subhalo masses below the resolution limit of any current cosmological SIDM simulation. As a proof of principle, we apply SASHIMI-SIDM to predict the boost to the local dark matter density and annihilation rate from core-collapsed SIDM subhalos, which can be enhanced relative to CDM by an order of magnitude for viable SIDM models. Thus, SASHIMI-SIDM provides an efficient and reliable tool for scanning SIDM parameter space and testing it with astrophysical observations. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/shinichiroando/sashimi-si.
Traces of quantum fuzziness on the black hole shadow and particle deflection in the multi-fractional theory of gravity
Authors: Pantig Reggie C.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigate the properties of black holes within the framework of multi-fractional theories of gravity, focusing on the effects of q-derivatives and weighted derivatives. These modifications, which introduce scale-dependent spacetime geometries, alter black hole solutions in intriguing ways. Within these frameworks, we analyze two key observable phenomena - black hole shadows and particle deflection angle in the weak field limit - using both analytical techniques and observational data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) for M87* and Sgr A*. The study from $q$-derivative formalism reveals that the multi-scale length $\ell_*$ influences the size of the black hole shadow in two ways, and modifies the weak deflection angle. Constraints on $\ell_*$ are derived from the EHT observations, showing significant deviations from standard Schwarzschild black hole predictions, which range from $10^{9}$ to $10^{10}$ orders of magnitude. Additionally, the weak deflection angle is computed using the non-asymptotic generalization of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, revealing the effects of finite-distance and multi-scale parameters. Using the Sun for Solar System test, the constraints for $\ell_*$ range from $10^{8}$ to $10^{9}$ orders of magnitude. Results from the weighted derivative formalism generates a dS/AdS-like behavior, where smaller deviations are found in the strong field regime than in the weak field regime. The results suggest that while these effects are subtle, they provide a potential observational signature of quantum gravity effects. The findings presented here contribute to the broader effort of testing alternative theories of gravity through black hole observations, offering a new perspective on the quantum structure of spacetime at cosmological and astrophysical scales.
XGboost for Predicting Chemical Abundances of Open Clusters in LAMOST DR11 LRS
Authors: ruyuan zhang , Wu Chengyuan , Chen Xing Jian , Wang Luqian , Zha Shuai , Guo Sufen , Han Zhanwen
Published: February 2025

The 11th data release of the LAMOST survey provides fundamental stellar param-eters but lacks detailed abundance measurements for α-elements, crucial for understandingstellar populations and Galactic chemical evolution. In this study, we derive the abundances ofoxygen (O), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), calcium (Ca), and titanium (Ti) for over 6.8 mil-lion stars using LAMOST DR11 low-resolution spectra. To ensure reliable measurements,we select 1,086 OCs spanning a broad range of ages and apply Monte Carlo sampling foraccurate abundance estimates. Additionally, we utilize over 30,000 stars from the GALAHDR4 catalog to train an XGBoost model for extracting α-element abundances from LAMOSTDR11 spectra. Bayesian linear regression is employed to analyze the compositional distribu-tion across the Galactic disk and infer chemical gradients as a function of Galactocentricdistance. Our results indicate a general increase in chemical abundances with Galactocentricdistance, with oxygen showing the steepest gradient. The abundance patterns of Mg, Si, Ca,and Ti are consistent with previous studies, yet exhibit distinct differences, providing newinsights into Galactic chemical evolution
Study on Microstructure and Properties of High-strength-toughness Al-9Si-xCu-yMg Alloy
Authors: Haoyu Bai , Zhifeng Zhang , Yanlin Guo , Yabao Wang
Published: February 2025

The existing Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys cannot meet the needs of new energy automobile parts with low cost and high performance due to difficulty in reconciling high strength and low plasticity. In this study, a systematic research method combining thermodynamic calculation and experiment was adopted, and alloy composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al-9Si-2.5Cu-0.5Mg alloy were investigated by adjusting the content of Cu, Mg and the heat treatment process. The results show that, as Cu and Mg content increase, the strength of the alloy increases first and then decreases, but the elongation decreases significantly. When the Cu content is 2.5% and the Mg content is 0.5%, there exists an optimal combination between the strength and elongation, and the tensile strength of 387MPa, and elongation of 4.15% are achieved. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-9Si-2.5Cu-0.5Mg alloy can be improved by adding modifier Al-Sr, grain refiner Al-5Ti-B and appropriate heat treatment process, and the improvement of the comprehensive mechanical properties mainly benefits from the fine grain strengthening and the precipitation strengthening. The research work is expected to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the optimal design of high-strength-toughness Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy.