bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prefácio
Authors: TEMA Prefácio
Published: September 2012

O presente número conclui a publicação de artigos submetidos à revista TEMA pelo sistema de fluxo contínuo nos anos de 2009 e 2010. Este número representa, também, a consolidação do reconhecimento do periódico junto à comunidade acadêmico-científica. De forma a atender ao maior número de artigos submetidos, o Comitê Editorial conta atualmente com 10 membros, que distribuem os trabalhos entre os revisores e verificam o atendimento dos prazos. Adicionalmente, no ano de 2010 foi implementado o processo de submissão eletrônica baseado no sistema SEER/OJS (http://seer.ibict.br/index.php). Os novos artigos devem ser submetidos eletronicamente através do endereço http://www.sbmac.org.br/tema/seer e não mais em forma impressa via Correio. Com essas medidas, esperamos que o tempo entre recebimento e publicação de artigos seja consideravelmente reduzido, assegurando a publicação de 3 números por ano em regime quadrimestral. Finalmente, no início de 2011, a SBMAC - Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional concluiu o credenciamento junto ao CrossRef (http://www.crossref.org). Como conseqüência, os artigos a serem publicados pela TEMA a partir de 2011 serão indexados e identificados através de um código DOI. Em nome do Comitê Editorial da revista TEMA, aproveito para renovar o convite aos pesquisadores que usam a Matemática em seus trabalhos, a seguirem contribuindo com a submissão de artigos para o sucesso deste veículo como um espelho do que é feito em Matemática Aplicada no Brasil.
Narrativas do eu e memórias traumáticas
Authors: Arfuch Leonor
Published: September 2012

O presente texto foi apresentado em forma de palestra na mesa redonda História e narrativas no I Seminário Internacional História do Tempo Presente, promovido pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da UDESC e ANPUH-Seção SC, realizado nos dias 07 a 09 de novembro de 2011, em Florianópolis/SC. Nele problematiza-se o sujeito e sua fala, evidencia-se o testemunho como narrativa e as muitas formas possíveis nas quais a experiência traumática traduz-se em narrativas do eu.
Manuscritos em sépia, imagens da miudeza: legados de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Pereira Chrystian Wilson
Published: September 2012

A resenha refere-se à edição em espanhol de uma ampla gama de documentos pertencentes a Walter Benjamin, originalmente espalhados pelo mundo, entitulado "Archivos de Walter Benjamin: fotografías, textos y dibujos". Possibilita, com isso, lançar novos olhares sobre seu caráter de colecionador, ressaltando a trajetória de um emblemático intelectual do século XX e suas múltiplas facetas. A luta contra o desaparecimento de seu acervo, juntamente com as suas estratégias de sobrevivência em um tempo de crises, são os motes da publicação.
The Effect of Phosphatidylcholine and Deoxycholate Compound Injections to the Localized Adipose Tissue: An Experimental Study with a Murine Model
Authors: Noh Yongjoon , Heo Chan-Yeong
Published: September 2012

Background Phosphatidylcholine (PPC) and deoxycholate (DCA) compound has been recently used for the purpose of partial lipolysis and is valued for its efficacy and lower invasiveness compared to liposuction and dermolipectomy used previously. In this article, the authors discuss the efficacy of the PPC dissolved in DCA via an experimental rat study model, along with suggesting a useful animal experimental model for the study of adipose tissue and lipolysis.

Methods Bilateral inguinal fat pads of an experimental rat were elevated with the deep inferior epigastric vessel as the sole vascular pedicle. Normal saline was injected on one side as a control group and a PPC and DCA compound was injected on the other side. After 4 days, the rats were euthanized for microscopic tissue examination. The pathology was scored by a semiquantitative system in 4 categories: normal fat amount, fat necrosis, inflammatory activity, and stage of fibrosis. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test powered by SPSS packet program was used for statistical analysis and to determine significance.

Results Microscopic examination was performed on the obtained samples, and the experimental data of all four categories showed significant histologic differences compared to the control group. All of the data also showed statistical significance by the Wilcoxon signedrank test (P<0.01).

Conclusions In the inguinal fat pad rat model, the control group and the experimental group had a differed significantly in the amount of normal fat tissue, inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis. We recommend the rat inguinal fat pad model used in this study, as it is likely to be useful in related research.
Prognosis of Full-Thickness Skin Defects in Premature Infants
Authors: Moon Hyung Suk , Burm Jin Sik , Yang Won Yong , Kang Sang Yoon
Published: September 2012

Background In the extremities of premature infants, the skin and subcutaneous tissue are very pliable due to immaturity and have a greater degree of skin laxity and mobility. Thus, we can expect wounds to heal rapidly by wound contraction. This study investigates wound healing of full-thickness defects in premature infant extremities.

Methods The study consisted of 13 premature infants who had a total of 14 cases of full-thickness skin defects of the extremities due to extravasation after total parenteral nutrition. The wound was managed with intensive moist dressings with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agents. After wound closure, moisturization and mild compression were performed.

Results Most of the full-thickness defects in the premature infants were closed by wound contraction without granulation tissue formation on the wound bed. The defects resulted in 3 pinpoint scars, 9 linear scars, and 2 round hypertrophic scars. The wounds with less granulation tissue were healed by contraction and resulted in linear scars parallel to the relaxed skin tension line. The wounds with more granulation tissue resulted in round scars. There was mild contracture without functional abnormality in 3 cases with a defect over two thirds of the longitudinal length of the dorsum of the hand or foot. The patients' parents were satisfied with the outcomes in 12 of 14 cases.

Conclusions Full-thickness skin defects in premature infants typically heal by wound contraction with minimal granulation tissue and scar formation probably due to excellent skin mobility.
Surgical Correction of Whistle Deformity Using Cross-Muscle Flap in Secondary Cleft Lip
Authors: Choi Woo Young , Yang Jeong Yeol , Kim Gyu Bo , Han Yun Ju
Published: September 2012

Background The whistle deformity is one of the common sequelae of secondary cleft lip deformities. Santos reported using a crossed-denuded flap for primary cleft lip repair to prevent a vermilion notching. The authors modified this technique to correct the whistle deformity, calling their version the cross-muscle flap.

Methods From May 2005 to January 2011, 14 secondary unilateral cleft lip patients were treated. All suffered from a whistle deformity, which is characterized by the deficiency of the central tubercle, notching in the upper lip, and bulging on the lateral segment. The mean age of the patients was 13.8 years and the mean follow-up period was 21.8 weeks. After elevation from the lateral vermilion and medial tubercle, two muscle flaps were crossed and turned over. The authors measured the three vertical heights and compared the two height ratios before and after surgery for evaluation of the postoperative results.

Results None of the patients had any notable complications and the whistle deformity was corrected in all cases. The vertical height ratios at the midline on the upper lip and the affected Cupid's bow point were increased (P<0.05). The motion of the upper lip was acceptable.

Conclusions A cross muscle flap is simple and it leaves a minimal scar on the lip. We were able to reconstruct the whistle deformity in secondary unilateral cleft lip patients with a single state procedure using a cross-muscle flap.
Effects of Preoperative Biopsies on Recurrence in Head and Neck Skin Cancer
Authors: Jung Ji Eun , Rah Dong Kyun , Kim Yong Oock
Published: September 2012

Background Skin cancer is the most common malignant tumor in humans. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the two most common types of skin cancers. When skin cancer is clinically suspected, preoperative biopsies are recommended for a definite diagnosis. However, despite a concern over potential increased risk of metastasis associated with mechanical manipulation, there have been few investigations into whether a preoperative biopsy affected the recurrence of BCC and SCC.

Methods Primary BCC or SCC patients who underwent standard surgical excision from 1991 to 2010 were reviewed and a retrospective analysis was performed. Ultimately, 45 BCC patients and 54 SCC patients, who did not meet the exclusion criteria, were analyzed. To identify whether a preoperative biopsy affected the recurrence of BCC and SCC, the recurrence rates of each with and without biopsy were compared.

Results Preoperative biopsy had no statistically significant effect on recurrence (BCC, P=0.8680; SCC, P=0.7520). Also, there was no statistical significance between the interval from initial biopsy to first operation and recurrence (BCC, P=0.2329; SCC, P=0.7140). Even though there was no statistical significance, the mean interval from the biopsy to the operation among the BCC patients who underwent preoperative biopsy was 9.2 months in those who had recurrence and 2.0 months in those who had no recurrence.

Conclusions There was no statistically significant relationship between preoperative biopsy and recurrence of BCC and SCC. However, there was a tendency toward recurrence in patients with a longer interval between the biopsy and the corrective operation in BCC.
Thickness of Rectus Abdominis Muscle and Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Tissue in Adult Women: Correlation with Age, Pregnancy, Laparotomy, and Body Mass Index
Authors: Kim Jungmin , Lim Hyoseob , Lee Se Il , Kim Yu Jin
Published: September 2012

Background Rectus abdominis muscle and abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue are useful for reconstruction of the chest wall, and abdominal, vaginal, and perianal defects. Thus, preoperative evaluation of rectus abdominis muscle and abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue is important. This is a retrospective study that measured the thickness of rectus abdominis muscle and abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue using computed tomography (CT) and analyzed the correlation with the patients' age, gestational history, history of laparotomy, and body mass index (BMI).

Methods A total of 545 adult women were studied. Rectus abdominis muscle and abdominal subcutaneous fat thicknesses were measured with abdominopelvic CT. The results were analyzed to determine if the thickness of the rectus abdominis muscle or subcutaneous fat tissue was significantly correlated with age, number of pregnancies, history of laparotomy, and BMI.

Results Rectus abdominis muscle thicknesses were 9.58 mm (right) and 9.73 mm (left) at the xiphoid level and 10.26 mm (right) and 10.26 mm (left) at the umbilicus level. Subcutaneous fat thicknesses were 24.31 mm (right) and 23.39 mm (left). Rectus abdominismuscle thickness decreased with age and pregnancy. History of laparotomy had a significant negative correlation with rectus abdominis muscle thickness at the xiphoid level. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness had no correlation with age, number of pregnancies, or history of laparotomy.

Conclusions Age, gestational history, and history of laparotomy influenced rectus abdominis muscle thickness but did not influence abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness. These results are clinically valuable for planning a rectus abdominis muscle flap and safe elevation of muscle flap.
Application of Mini-abdominoplasty after Conservative Excision of Extensive Cesarean Scar Endometriosis
Authors: Lee Eui Tai , Park Hyun Min , Lee Dong Geun , Shin Kyung Jin , Kim Hak Soon , Sung Ro Hyun , Ryu Dong Hee
Published: September 2012

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, and the standard treatment is extensive surgical excision. Cesarean scar endometriosis is a type of cutaneous endometriosis arising on or near a Cesarean section scar. A 44-year-old woman presented with a 9×6 cm sized dark-brown, stony-hard, irregular, lower abdominal mass of four years duration. The patient had a history of two Cesarean deliveries, 14 and 16 years ago. Suspecting endometriosis, we excised the tumor conservatively rather than extensively to prevent incisional hernia considering the benign nature of the tumor and the low possibility of recurrence because the patient's age was near menopause, along with simultaneous bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy that was performed in this case. On reconstruction, mini-abdominoplasty was adopted to avoid possible wound complications and cosmetic deformities. The patient was satisfied with the cosmetic results, and neither recurrence nor functional problems occurred during the 1-year follow-up period. Plastic surgeons should keep in mind the possibility of cutaneous endometriosis in an abdominal mass of a female of reproductive age with a previous history of pelvic or intra-abdominal surgery. An optimal result from oncological, functional, and cosmetic standpoints can be achieved with conservative excision followed by mini-abdominoplasty of extensive Cesarean scar endometriosis.
The Efficacy of Bioabsorbable Mesh as an Internal Splint in Primary Septoplasty
Authors: Kim Jee Nam , Choi Hyun Gon , Kim Soon Heum , Park Hyung Jun , Shin Dong Hyeok , Jo Dong In , Kim Cheol Keun , Uhm Ki Il
Published: September 2012

Nasal bone fractures are often accompanied by septal fractures or deformity. Posttraumatic nasal deformity is usually caused by septal fractures. Submucosal resection and septoplasty are commonly used surgical techniques for the correction of septal deviation. However, septal perforation or saddle nose deformity is a known complication of submucosal resection. Hence, we chose to perform septoplasty, which is a less invasive procedure, as the primary treatment for nasal bone fractures accompanied by septal fractures. During septoplasty, we used a bioabsorbable mesh as an internal splint. We used the endonasal approach and inserted the mesh bilaterally between the mucoperichondrial flap and the septal cartilage. The treatment outcomes were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale. The CT scans demonstrated a significant improvement in the septal deviation postoperatively. The symptomatic improvement rated by the NOSE scale was greater at 1 month and 6 months after surgery compared to the preoperative status. There were no cases of extrusion or infection of the implant. In cases of moderate or severe septal deviation without dislocation from the vomerine groove on the CT scan, our technique should be considered one of the treatments of choice.
Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Aparicio Fátima , García Fátima , Sánchez Luis
Published: September 2012

In this article, we first review
supramolecular polymers
from a conceptual point of view, describing the two extreme mechanisms, isodesmic or cooperative, which govern the supramolecular polymerization processes. We also review this topic from a more practical point of view, highlighting recent and remarkable examples of supramolecular polymers capable of forming highly organized structures or having interesting applications. Supramolecular polymers can exhibit the mechanical properties of plastics and elastomers, but possessing, at the same time, the ability to repair themselves due to the dynamic nature of the noncovalent interactions that join together the appropriate building blocks. The utilization of peptides, π‐electron‐rich substrates, or receptors for metals in the formation of the corresponding supramolecular polymers yields useful biological, electronic, or mechanical functions, respectively. The decoration of supramolecular polymers with stereogenic centers affords helical structures that can be utilized to investigate amplification of chirality that will shed light on the origin of homochirality. In short, supramolecular polymers integrate order and dynamics to achieve important functions such as response to stimuli, environmental adaptation, amplification of chirality, and self‐repair ability.

This video details two pathways of supramolecular polymerization:
isodesmic
(top: monomer binding constant K does not vary with the degree of polymerization) and
cooperative
(bottom: the binding constant in the nucleation and elongation stages do not vary with the degree of polymerization, however, their values are different, K
n
≠K
e
).

Supramolecular polymerizations can follow an
isodesmic
mechanism (top: monomer binding constant K does not vary with the degree of polymerization) or
cooperative
(bottom: the binding constant in the nucleation and elongation stages do not vary with the degree of polymerization, however their values are different, K
n
≠K
e
).

media object

Supramolecular polymerizations can follow an
isodesmic
mechanism (top: monomer binding constant K does not vary with the degree of polymerization) or
cooperative
(bottom: the binding constant in the nucleation and elongation stages do not vary with the degree of polymerization, however their values are different, K
n
≠K
e
).
Development and convergence analysis of new least‐mean‐square‐based algorithm equipped with exponential‐decay step size and disturbance compensation for active noise control
Authors: Lin Jong‐Yih , Ho Chia‐Ying
Published: September 2012

In real‐world active noise control (ANC) applications, disturbance can be picked up by error sensors and significantly degrade the steady‐state ANC performance. This study proposes two techniques in combination with a least‐mean‐square (LMS) based ANC algorithm, named normalized filtered‐x LMS/commutation error (NFxLMS/CE) algorithm, to deal with the disturbance that is independent of a reference signal. A new stochastic method to analyze convergence properties of the NFxLMS/CE algorithm under influence of the disturbance is first established. Given that the reference signal is persistently exciting of sufficient order, exponential convergence of the algorithm is derived with a step‐size condition. An exponential‐decay step size (EDSS) is then proposed to obtain a new ANC algorithm referred to as EDSS‐NFxLMS/CE algorithm. In addition, a disturbance‐compensation (DC) technique is developed for the EDSS‐NFxLMS/CE algorithm to obtain an EDSS‐NFxLMS/CE_DC algorithm such that the influence of the disturbance can be reduced. It is shown that the EDSS‐NFxLMS/CE_DC algorithm is exponentially convergent. Moreover, computer simulations show that the EDSS‐NFxLMS/CE_DC algorithm can achieve a better ANC performance in terms of convergence rate and level of noise reduction as compared with that using the EDSS‐NFxLMS/CE algorithm without DC and that using NFxLMS/CE_DC algorithm of constant step sizes. These results support the effectiveness of the proposed techniques and EDSS‐NFxLMS/CE_DC algorithm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localising the Global
Authors: Park Kyong
Published: September 2012

The received view of China and much of Southeast Asia is that it is uncritically importing Western architecture and urban design. In reality, though, urbanisation is far more complex than this. Is there more to an English‐style town in China or a Chinatown district in a US city than straight pastiche? Kyong Park looks at the level of local translation involved with appropriation in a Chinese and South Korean context.
China's Macro‐Planning Policies: Architectural Catalyst or Constraint?
Authors: Denison Edward
Published: September 2012

China is undergoing one of the most intense and rapid processes of urbanisation in the world today. It also has one of the most centralised planning systems, which is driven by a Soviet‐style, five‐year plan. Edward Denison looks at the relationship between China's highly systematised planning process and the high‐density, standardised form that urban development typically takes. Amidst this formal context, he locates a ‘whisper’ of change afoot for architects.
Make No Big Plans
Authors: Provoost Michelle , Vanstiphout Wouter
Published: September 2012

In the face of ‘derivative architecture’, artificial commercial speculation that was a feature of the previous economic boom, Michelle Provoost and Wouter Vanstiphout of Crimson Architectural Historians call for a new understanding of the real city and its actual needs, basing interventions on observations rooted in society and spatial structures.
Parc Des Expositions (PEX), Toulouse: A Condenser for Diversity
Authors: Blanchet Clément
Published: September 2012

Responding to a competition brief for accelerating urban development around the Parc des Expositions (PEX) exhibition centre of Toulouse, Clément Blanchet describes how the Of?ce for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) proposed an urban strategy in place of a conventional masterplan: the emphasis being on exploring and facilitating the growth of the existing urban patchwork, rather than on forced urbanism.
Energy Level Modulation of HOMO, LUMO, and Band‐Gap in Conjugated Polymers for Organic Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Kim Bong‐Gi , Ma Xiao , Chen Chelsea , Ie Yutaka , Coir Elizabeth W. , Hashemi Hossein , Aso Yoshio , Green Peter F. , Kieffer John , Kim Jinsang
Published: September 2012

To devise a reliable strategy for achieving specific HOMO and LUMO energy level modulation via alternating donor‐acceptor monomer units, we investigate a series of conjugated polymers (CPs) in which the electron withdrawing power of the acceptor group is varied, while maintaining the same donor group and the same conjugated chain conformation. Through experiment and DFT calculations, good correlation is identified between the withdrawing strength of the acceptor group, the HOMO and LUMO levels, and the degree of orbital localization, which allows reliable design principles for CPs. Increasing the acceptor strength results in an enhanced charge transfer upon combination with a donor monomer and a more pronounced decrease of the LUMO level. Moreover, while HOMO states remain delocalized along the polymer chain, LUMO states are strongly localized at specific bonds within the acceptor group. The degree of LUMO localization increases with increasing polymer length, which results in a further drop of the LUMO level and converges to its final value when the number of repeat units reaches the characteristic conjugation length. Based on these insights we designed PBT8PT, which exhibits 6.78% power conversion efficiency after device optimization via the additive assisted annealing, demonstrating the effectiveness of our predictive design approach.
An Ion‐Exchange Phase Transformation to ZnGa2O4 Nanocube Towards Efficient Solar Fuel Synthesis
Authors: Yan Shicheng , Wang Jiajia , Gao Honglin , Wang Nanyan , Yu He , Li Zhaosheng , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang
Published: September 2012

To realize practical applications of the photocatalysis technique, it is necessary to synthesize semiconductor photocatalysts with specific facets that induce high reactive activities and high reactive selectivity. However, a challenge lies in the synthesis of metal oxides containing more than one type of metal with specific facets. Usually, surfactants are used to control the crystal morphology, which induces surface contamination for the final products. Here, using the GaOOH nanoplate as precursor, ZnGa2O4 nanocubes with exposed {100} facets are synthesized by an hydrothermal ion‐exchange route without requiring the introduction of morphology controlling agents. These ZnGa2O4 nanocubes exhibit improved performance in the photoreduction of CO2 into CH4 or water splitting into hydrogen. Theoretical calculations indicates that the light‐hole effective mass on the {100} facets of ZnGa2O4 corresponds to the high hole mobility, which contributes to the efficient water oxidation to offer the protons for promoting CO2 photoreduction into hydrocarbon fuels.
Dopamine‐Modified Cationic Conjugated Polymer as a New Platform for pH Sensing and Autophagy Imaging
Authors: Wen Quanshan , Liu Libing , Yang Qiong , Lv Fengting , Wang Shu
Published: September 2012

A dopamine‐modified conjugated polymer PFPDA is synthesized and characterized. At low pH, dopamine exists in its hydroquinone form and lacks the ability to quench fluorescence. At high pH, the proportion of the quinone form of dopamine increases due to its autooxidation, and efficient intramolecular electron transfer from the polymer main chain to quinone occurs, resulting in the quenching of the fluorescence of PFPDA. Thus, PFPDA exhibits a fluorescence “turn‐on” response at low pH. PFPDA possesses excellent photostability and exhibits no cytotoxicity, which makes it a good fluorescent material for pH sensing and cell imaging. A light‐induced hydroxyl anion emitter, MGCB, is also used to change the pH of the solution and thus regulate the fluorescence of PFPDA via remote control under light irradiation. Because the cytoplasm becomes acidic when cell autophagy occurs, PFPDA can also be used for autophagy imaging of HeLa cells with good selectivity.
Small and Stable Phosphorylcholine Zwitterionic Quantum Dots for Weak Nonspecific Phagocytosis and Effective Tat Peptide Functionalization
Authors: Liu Xiangsheng , Zhu Huiguang , Jin Qiao , Zhou Wenbo , Colvin Vicki L. , Ji Jian
Published: September 2012

Facile surface modification of quantum dots (QDs) to make them water‐soluble, small, stable, antibiofouling, and functional is crucial for their biological applications. This study demonstrates a simple ligand‐exchange reaction to convert hydrophobic CdSe/ZnS QDs into water‐soluble QDs using amphiphilic, zwitterionic 11‐mercaptoundecylphosphorylcholine (HS‐PC). The phosphorylcholine (PC)‐modified QDs (QD‐PC) possess several advantages, such as small hydrodynamic diameter, good resistance to pH variations and high salinity, excellent stabiliy in 100% human plasma, and low protein adsorption. Importantly, the PC modification endows the QDs with very low, nonspecific interaction with cells, and strongly minimizes nonspecific phagocytosis of QDs by macrophages. In addition, cell penetrating Tat peptide functionalized QDs can be easily produced by mixing Tat with HS‐PC with various ratios, which is proved to effectively enhance QD ability to enter cells and accumulate around perinuclear region. Compared to traditional mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) modification, PC modification not only makes the cell penetrating QDs more stable and brighter, but also provides the Tat‐ and PC‐conjugated QDs with much lower nonspecific phagocytic uptake than the Tat‐ and MUA‐conjugated ones. This research will provide insights into designing suitable ligands for surface modification of QDs and improving biofunctional QD performance in biological applications.
Prevalence of low back symptoms and its consequences in relation to occupational group
Authors: Widanarko Baiduri , Legg Stephen , Stevenson Mark , Devereux Jason , Jones Geoff
Published: September 2012

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine: (1) the prevalence of low back symptoms (LBS) and its consequences (reduced activities and absenteeism); (2) the association between occupational group and LBS; and (3) the association between LBS and its consequences.

Methods

A self‐administered questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of LBS in 1,294 Indonesian coal mining workers. A Cox proportional hazards model was developed to quantify the 12‐monthly hazard of LBS. Logistic regression models were developed to identify risk factors for reduced activity and absenteeism from the workplace.

Results

The 12‐month period prevalence for LBS, reduced activities, and absenteeism were 75%, 16%, and 13%, respectively. The 12‐monthly hazard of LBS for blue‐collar workers was 1.85 (95% CI: 1.06–3.25) times that of white‐collar workers. LBS and smoking increased the risk of reduced activity and absenteeism.

Conclusions

Indonesian coal mining workers have a high prevalence of LBS. The findings imply that efforts to reduce LBS and in the workplace should focus on blue‐collar workers. For smokers who report reduced activities and/or absenteeism, there should be a focus on rehabilitation and/or return‐to‐work programs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:576–589, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Re‐assigned diagnosis of D4ST1‐deficient Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (adducted thumb‐clubfoot syndrome) after initial diagnosis of Marden‐Walker syndrome
Authors: Winters Kevin A. , Jiang Zhijie , Xu Weihong , Li Shibo , Ammous Zineb , Jayakar Parul , Wierenga Klaas J.
Published: September 2012

We report on a 16‐year‐old female originally diagnosed with Marden‐Walker syndrome due to features such as facial dysmorphism, several musculoskeletal anomalies, and atrial septal defect in addition to hypoplasia of the inferior vermis with normal‐sized cerebellum and absence of the septum pellucidum. However, an SNP array performed at age 15 years detected a total of 142 Mb of long runs of homozygosity (ROH), and put the diagnosis in doubt. Using the Genomic Oligoarray and SNP array evaluation tool (http://www.ccs.miami.edu/ROH), CHST14 provided a “hit” as a gene mapping to the largest ROH region associated with a phenotype matching our patient's (if mutated). At that time, she was a cognitively intact, thin female with growth parameters below the 3rd percentile. Craniofacial features included microcephaly, midface hypoplasia, blepharophimosis, entropion, myopia, microretrognathia, and dental malocclusion. Musculoskeletal features included kyphoscoliosis, arachnodactyly, camptodactyly, and rocker‐bottom feet with interphalangeal contractures. Her skin displayed large ecchymoses and poorly healed atrophic scars. Sequencing of CHST14 revealed a complex homozygous frameshift mutation involving a 7‐bp deletion and an 11‐bp insertion predicted to produce a truncated protein. This mutation was not seen in 100 controls of various ethnicities. Thus, our patient represents not only a novel (homozygous) mutation in CHST14, but is also the first patient with dermatan 4‐O‐sulfotransferase 1‐deficient Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (adducted thumb‐clubfoot syndrome) (DD‐EDS ATCS) documented in the Western Hemisphere. Furthermore, our patient's central nervous system anomalies have not before been described in DD‐EDS (ATCS). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymorphic haplotypes of CRELD1 differentially predispose Down syndrome and euploids individuals to atrioventricular septal defect
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Bhaumik Pranami , Ghosh Sujoy , Ozbek Umut , Feingold Eleanor , Maslen Cheryl , Sarkar Biswanath , Pramanik Vishmadeb , Biswas Priyanka , Bandyopadhyay Biswajit , Dey Subrata Kumar
Published: September 2012

To explore the role of CRELD1 variants on congenital heart defects, we sequenced the entire reading frame of CRELD1 in the samples from Kolkata and adjoining areas. Nearly, 400 participants were included in the genetic association study and they were stratified as Down syndrome (DS) with atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), DS without AVSD, euploid with AVSD, and euploid without AVSD. A significant association was found between AVSD and three polymorphisms, namely rs9878047 (c.1049‐129T > C), rs3774207 (c.1119C > T), and rs73118372 (c.1136T > C) among the Down syndrome and euploid individuals. The polymorphism rs73118372, involves a transition (c.1136T > C) that leads to change in amino acid methionine to threonine which alters protein secondary structure as confirmed by the bioinformatics software SOPMA. In addition, two haplotypes, C‐T‐C and C‐T‐T, in the order of loci rs9878047‐rs3774207‐rs73118372 were associated with incidence of AVSD among euploid and Down syndrome, with a slightly higher odds ratio in the later group. We hypothesize that these haplotypes increase the risk of AVSD, and the susceptibility is exacerbated in DS, possibly due to the trisomy 21 genetic background. Moreover, we report for the first time on an interaction between the mutant alleles of rs3774207 and rs73118372 which could disrupt the delicate balance between different CRELD1 isoforms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An association and haplotype analysis of porcine maternal infanticide: A model for human puerperal psychosis?
Authors: Quilter C.R. , Sargent C.A. , Bauer J. , Bagga M. R. , Reiter C. P. , Hutchinson E. L. , Southwood O. I. , Evans G. , Mileham A. , Griffin D.K. , Affara N.A.
Published: September 2012

An association analysis using the Illumina porcine SNP60 beadchip was performed to identify SNPs significantly associated with porcine maternal infanticide. We previously hypothesised that this was a good animal model for human puerperal psychosis, an extreme form of postnatal mood disorder. Animals were selected from carefully phenotyped unrelated infanticide and control groups (representing extremes of the phenotypic spectrum), from four different lines. Permutation and sliding window analyses and an analysis to see which haplotypes were in linkage disequilibrium (LD) were compared to identify concordant regions. Across all analyses, intervals on SSCs 1, 3, 4, 10, and 13 were constant, contained genes associated with psychiatric or neurological disorders and were significant in multiple lines. The strongest (near GWS) consistent candidate region across all analyses and all breeds was the one located on SSC3 with one peak at 23.4 Mb, syntenic to a candidate region for bipolar disorder and another at 31.9 Mb, syntenic to a candidate region for human puerperal psychosis (16p13). From the haplotype/LD analysis, two regions reached genome wide significance (GWS): the first on SSC4 (KHDRBS3 to FAM135B), which was significant (−logP 5.57) in one Duroc based breed and is syntenic to a region in humans associated with cognition and neurotism; the second on SSC15, which was significant (−log10P 5.68) in two breeds and contained PAX3, which is expressed in the brain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hand Preference for Tool‐Use in Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella) Is Associated With Asymmetry of the Primary Motor Cortex
Authors: PHILLIPS KIMBERLEY A. , THOMPSON CLAUDIA R.
Published: September 2012

Skilled motor actions are associated with handedness and neuroanatomical specializations in humans. Recent reports have documented similar neuroanatomical asymmetries and their relationship to hand preference in some nonhuman primate species, including chimpanzees and capuchin monkeys. We investigated whether capuchins displayed significant hand preferences for a tool‐use task and whether such preferences were associated with motor‐processing regions of the brain. Handedness data on a dipping tool‐use task and high‐resolution 3T MRI scans were collected from 15 monkeys. Capuchins displayed a significant group‐level left‐hand preference for this type of tool use, and handedness was associated with asymmetry of the primary motor cortex. Left‐hand preferent individuals displayed a deeper central sulcus in the right hemisphere. Our results suggest that capuchins show an underlying right‐hemisphere bias for skilled movement. Am. J. Primatol. 75:435‐440, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accuracy of intraoperative frozen margins for sinonasal malignancies and its implications for endoscopic resection of sinonasal melanomas
Authors: Chiu Alexander G. , Ma Yue
Published: September 2012

Background

The main objective of endoscopic tumor surgery remains similar to open approaches, with the goal being total tumor resection with clear margins. Beyond cosmesis, endoscopes offer the advantage of limiting the size of the resection as well as aiding in the procurement of tissue margins in areas adjacent to critical structures or deep in the sinonasal cavity. Because of the close proximity of these tumors to critical structures and classic otolaryngology teaching with the goal sparing normal sinonasal mucosa, sinonasal tumor resection margins tend to be more conservative than those practiced for the same type of tumor in a different anatomic location. What is not uniformly agreed upon is the optimal margin of resection as well as the reliability of intraoperative frozen margins for the varied histologic subtypes seen in sinonasal malignancies.

Methods

Retrospective review of malignant sinonasal tumors resected endoscopically by 1 surgeon at 2 institutions between 2006 and 2011.

Results

Thirty‐one patients with mixed histologies were identified, with the most common being mucosal melanoma (25.8%) and squamous cell carcinoma (23.3%). The overall false‐negative rate for intraoperative frozen margins was 6.5%, with both false negatives associated with mucosal melanoma. The false‐negative margin rate for mucosal melanoma was 25%.

Conclusion

Intraoperative frozen margins for sinonasal tumors are reliable for most histologic subtypes, with the exception of those for sinonasal mucosal melanomas. This has implications for the size of margins needed for the resection of sinonasal melanomas as they may need to be larger than those for other tumors.
Preparation of polysulfone microspheres with a hollow core/porous shell structure and their application for oil spill cleanup
Authors: Li Xianhua , Guo Yongcun , Zhang Jun , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2012

Polysulfone (PSF) microspheres with a hollow core/porous shell structure were prepared by a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsion solvent evaporation method. The morphology of PSF could be controlled by variation of the surfactants, which included oleic acid, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and tween 80. The three kinds of prepared microspheres were developed as sorbents for the selective removal of oil from water. PSF microspheres with a hollow core/porous shell structure exhibited the best separation efficiency, which was 44.8 times higher than that of the pristine PSF powder. The oil‐absorbed microspheres combined with unsinkability, appropriate size, and highly hydrophobic and superoleophilic properties could be quickly distributed and collected in seconds and exhibited recyclability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Structural changes in the carbon black network in carbon‐black‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber samples cured with a two‐step process
Authors: Kato Atsushi , Isono Yoshinobu
Published: September 2012

The volume resistivity of carbon black (CB)‐filled crosslinked styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) samples cured in two steps and having a fixed elongation condition declined slightly when the elongation ratio (α) was 3 or smaller, whereas the value increased markedly at α = 4. Three‐dimensional transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that the closest interparticle distance between the carbon black aggregates (CBag's) and the CBag number density decreased at α = 1−2 but increased at α = 4 and that the distance between the centers of gravity of the closest CBag and the volume of CBag increased at α = 1−3 but decreased at α = 4. Also, the fraction of crosslinked chains of the carbon black network (CBnet) was decreased with elongation, and the fraction of branched chains increased. The fraction of isolated chains in particular showed a more pronounced increase at α > 3 compared with α < 3. These results presumably imply that for the sample with α > 3, the coarsened CBag's were finely divided and also that the CBnet was broken by elongation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Facile covalent surface functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and interface related studies when incorporated into epoxy composites
Authors: Curtzwiler Greg , Plagge Andreas , Vorst Keith , Story John
Published: September 2012

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have seen increased interest from manufacturers as a nanofiber filler for the enhancement of various physical and mechanical properties. A major drawback for widespread commercial use has been the cost associated with growing, functionalizing, and incorporating CNTs into commercially available polymeric matrices. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of adding commercially viable functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to a commercially available epoxy matrix. The mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites was investigated by mechanical testing in tensile mode and fractures were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The thermal behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Molecular composition was analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical testing of the epoxy/functionalized‐MWCNT indicated that the 0.15 wt % functionalized MWCNT composite possessed the highest engineering stress and toughness out of the systems evaluated without affecting the Young's modulus of the material. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Decreasing but still high: bycatch of seabirds in gillnet fisheries along the German Baltic coast
Authors: Bellebaum Jochen , Schirmeister Bernd , Sonntag Nicole , Garthe Stefan
Published: September 2012

The magnitude and temporal trends of seabird bycatch in coastal set net fisheries in the eastern part of the German Baltic Sea were studied, based on (i) a survey of 4% of the total fishery in the period 2006–2009, and (ii) results from bycatch monitoring in a part of this region covering a period of 20 years. Bird carcasses were collected and information on fishing effort obtained from fishermen using interviews and on‐board observations on selected trips.

Bycatch of seabirds occurred with all types of fishing gear and métiers studied, with highest bycatch rates in coastal lagoons. The minimum estimate of total bycatch in nets set by 440 commercial fishermen was found to be 17 551 (range 14 905–20 533) birds annually between November and May. Bycatch in set nets and on longlines in summer was much lower.

Bycatch rates were found to depend either directly on bird abundance as shown for the long‐tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) or on predictors of abundance such as water depth and location. Bycatch in the Pomeranian Bay has decreased over 20 years due to the severe decline of seaducks, particularly of long‐tailed ducks, which were most frequently bycaught. The estimated individual bycatch risk has also decreased in long‐tailed ducks but the current monthly losses of 0.81% may still indicate a potential threat for this species.

Bycatch monitoring based on carcass collections and interviews proved to be feasible over a 20‐year period although the results contain some underreporting. Based on the results specific measures are recommended to reduce bycatch risk in the German coastal fisheries using targeted effort reductions and replacement of set nets with alternative gear.

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blocking of p38 and transforming growth factor β receptor pathways impairs the ability of tolerogenic dendritic cells to suppress murine arthritis
Authors: Gárate David , Rojas‐Colonelli Nicole , Peña Corina , Salazar Lorena , Abello Paula , Pesce Bárbara , Aravena Octavio , García‐González Paulina , Ribeiro Carolina H. , Molina María C. , Catalán Diego , Aguillón Juan C.
Published: September 2012

Objective

Dendritic cells (DCs) modulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are able to reduce inflammation when therapeutically administered into mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). The aim of this study was to uncover the mechanisms that define the tolerogenic effect of short‐term LPS‐modulated DCs on CIA.

Methods

Bone marrow–derived DCs were stimulated for 4 hours with LPS and characterized for their expression of maturation markers and their cytokine secretion profiles. Stimulated cells were treated with SB203580 or SB431542 to inhibit the p38 or transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor pathway, respectively, or were left unmodified and, on day 35 after CIA induction, were used to inoculate mice. Disease severity was evaluated clinically. CD4+ T cell populations were counted in the spleen and lymph nodes from inoculated or untreated mice with CIA. CD4+ splenic T cells were transferred from mice with CIA treated with LPS‐stimulated DCs or from untreated mice with CIA into other mice with CIA on day 35 of arthritis.

Results

Treatment with LPS‐stimulated DCs increased the numbers of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10)–secreting and TGFβ‐secreting CD4+ T cells, but decreased the numbers of Th17 cells. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells from treated mice with CIA reproduced the inhibition of active CIA accomplished with LPS‐stimulated DCs. The therapeutic effect of LPS‐stimulated DCs and their influence on T cell populations were abolished when the p38 and the TGFβ receptor pathways were inhibited.

Conclusion

DCs modulated short‐term (4 hours) with LPS are able to confer a sustained cure in mice with established arthritis by re‐educating the CD4+ T cell populations. This effect is dependent on the p38 and the TGFβ receptor signaling pathways, which suggests the participation of IL‐10 and TGFβ in the recovery of tolerance.
Determination of prostaglandin profiles in lipopolysaccharide‐challenged guinea pig spleen
Authors: Yao X. , Dai Y. , Johnson A. , Hass M. A. , Feleder C.
Published: September 2012

We previously reported that splenic extract from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐challenged guinea pigs inhibits the exaggerated febrile response of splenectomized guinea pigs, suggesting that the spleen generates an inhibitory factor. Earlier results indicate that the factor is a lipid. In an effort to identify this factor, lipid fractions, isolated from splenic extracts of control and LPS‐challenged guinea pigs, were analyzed with emphasis on identifying and quantifying prostanoids, which according to current knowledge are the likely bioactive factors. Prostaglandins have been extensively implicated in central and peripheral thermoregulation, and thus these lipids were targeted for characterization in the spleen. Analysis was done on the splenic extracts using solid‐phase extraction, analytical and preparative thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). Four prostaglandins (PGs, 6‐keto‐PGF1α, PGF2α, PGE2 and PGD2) were identified and quantified. Our data shows that these PG levels are doubled in LPS‐treated guinea pig spleen compared with the control group. The methods used in this investigation to characterize PG in the spleen offer significant advantages over immunoassays previously used to identify and quantify PG in the spleen and other biological tissues. These methods will be utilized in further research needed to definitively characterize the role of splenic‐derived PG in modulation of the febrile response induced by LPS. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergence in Environmental Reporting: Assessing the Carbon Disclosure Project
Authors: Matisoff Daniel C. , Noonan Douglas S. , O'Brien John J.
Published: September 2012

We perform content analysis on Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) responses from 2003 to 2010, focusing on the extent to which firms account for indirect emissions and have exhibited convergence in carbon reporting. We also examine standardization in reporting and the variation of reporting behavior across industry and country. We find that the CDP has produced a mixed record of improved transparency. In some areas, such as Scope 2 emissions, the CDP has demonstrated an increase in transparency in later years. However, the transparency and quality of direct emissions and Scope 3 emissions have not improved over time. Japanese and European Union firms have increased transparency, while American firms have decreased transparency. Energy‐intensive industries have either increased transparency or remained the same, while less energy‐intensive industries have become less transparent. We demonstrate some evidence of a learning effect among firms after participating in the CDP survey. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.