bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irish Rural Libraries: Glimpses of the Past
Authors: hAodha Mícheál Ó
Published: January 2014

In Ireland between the years 1915 and 1917 the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust commissioned two reports into the situation of rural libraries. The reports found that the rural district schemes instigated by the Trust had, for the most part, been a failure. These reports were written by two men who worked tirelessly for the promotion of the library ideal, the (Abbey) playwright Lennox Robinson and a librarian from the Co-operative Reference Library, Cruise O'Brien, father of the political commentator Conor Cruise O'Brien. Their observations give a fascinating and humorous insight into the social standing of public libraries in the Ireland of the early 1900s and are of much value from a socio-historic point of view. They give a glimpse of a pre-industrial Ireland, a country very much rooted in an old rural way of life, suffering quietly from the ravages inflicted by war and poverty yet poised to become a new republic with all its attendant opportunities and problems. I would like to thank Fionnuala Hanrahan, the Wexford County Librarian, for her valuable advice while compiling this article.
‘Soldiers of the Cultural Revolution’: The Stalinization of Libraries and Librarianship in Poland, 1945–1953
Authors: Sroka Marek
Published: January 2014

The Stalinization of Polish libraries began on a large scale in the late 1940s, but in the early postwar period of 1945-46 there were already distressing signs such as the imposition of strict censorship and growing government control over public, private, and research libraries. The paper shows that the Stalinization of educational and cultural institutions, including libraries, proceeded piecemeal and culminated in the concept of the librarian as censor, labour hero, and political activist. Particular attention is given to the questions of censorship and labour competition as related to libraries.
The Library of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace Part I. Origin and Growth
Authors: Duignan Peter
Published: January 2014

The Hoover Institution (and its variant designations) at Stanford University, California, was set up by Herbert Hoover in the wake of the rebuilding of Europe after the First World War. His express purpose was to collect the records of contemporary history as it was happening. Frequently Hoover's helpers risked their lives to rescue documentary and rare printed material, especially from countries under Nazi or communist rule. Their successes included the papers of Rosa Luxemburg, the Goebbels diaries, the records of the Russian secret police in Paris, and much, much more. Research institutes were also set up under Hoover's influence, though inevitably there were to be clashes between the moving force, Hoover, and the host university. This article takes the story to 1960. A further instalment will appear in a future issue of this journal.
Panizzi and His Allies
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: January 2014

Although Panizzi had a reputation for courting controversy at the British Museum and a knack for making enemies, he did enjoy friendly relations with many people, even if relationships often became strained. This essay looks at three people who had some impact on differing aspects of Panizzi's career: William Roscoe of Liverpool, where Panizzi first lived; and the traditionalist Sir Henry Ellis and the amiable Henry Baber, both of whom were his superiors at the British Museum.
Name Changes in Israel
Authors: Adler Curtis
Published: January 2014

(no abstract)
Place-Names in Ashe County, North Carolina
Authors: Jackson Sarah Evelyn
Published: January 2014

(no abstract)
Cesario, Sebastian, Olivia, Viola, and Illyria in “Twelfth Night”
Authors: Nathan Norman
Published: January 2014

AbstractShakespeare chose certain names in Twelfth Night with reference to Caesar Augustus. Sebastos was Caesar's Greek name; Caesar had lived in Illyria; Caesar married Livia. This naming is effective since Viola and Sebastian look like one and the same person, they are in Illyria, and Sebastian marries Olivia who tried to marry Cesario.
A Few Good Words for Generic Places: Especially Those Here Today, Gone Tomorrow
Authors: Clay Grady
Published: January 2014

AbstractNames of generic places are reliable indicators of the functions of those places even though they may be ephemeral and may be vaguely defined. These places have a variety of functions and bear such names as Pioneer Settlement, Disaster Site, Auction Yard, Boom Town, Borrow Pit, and Annexation Area. Certain ephemeral placenames are exemplary of the process of generic naming, such as Abandoned Area and Black Neighborhood Auto Repair Street.
Nicknames and Women Professional Baseball Players
Authors: Wilson Brenda S. , Skipper James K.
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough women in the general population tend to have fewer nicknames than men, women baseball players in the All-American Girls Baseball League, 1943–1954, were as likely as male baseball players to have public nicknames. This high percentage may be the result of women baseball players taking on the role of nicknamer, since the group in power is more likely to bestow public nicknames and more likely to bestow them on members of their own group. Public nicknames may be a reflection of the power differential between men and women in a given environment.
The Wonderful World of Geographic Names: Things Learned and Things Yet To Be Learned
Authors: Burrill Meredith F.
Published: January 2014

AbstractDuring thirty years as Executive Secretary of the Board on Geographic Names I had many learning experiences: team work by geographers and descriptive linguists broke new ground at this disciplinary interface; resolution of controversial Antarctic name problems demonstrated the practicability of international cooperation; systematic processing of millions of foreign and domestic names made possible many generalizations about name giving and using; mapping the occurrence of all generic terms in names on Geological Survey maps and coast charts published through 1958 gave new insights into the numbers, distribution, and varied application of terms.
Namethat Past: Placenames in Autobiographical Writings
Authors: Nicolaisen W. F. H.
Published: January 2014

AbstractAs discussed in two of my previous articles, placenames playa significant role in the creation of the past. In autobiographical reminiscences, both speakers and writers (with examples drawn from well-known Scots) reveal a strategic compulsiveness to evoke past places by naming them.
Christina, Christeen, Christiana: A Delaware Connection
Authors: Weslager C. A.
Published: January 2014

AbstractFort Christina, named for Queen Christina of Sweden, was the site of the first Swedish settlement in America. The name shifted to a major tributary of the Delaware River and several other features. In later years the name underwent changes, and in an unprecedented act the Delaware Legislature in 1937 attempted to legalize the original form. Historical documentation over a 353-year period illustrates the name changes that have occurred.
Calling, Naming, and Coming of Age in Ernest Gaines's “A Gathering of Old Men”
Authors: Griffin Joseph
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn his 1983 novel, A Gathering of old Men, Ernest Gaines deploys characters' names so as to point to their implications in a society in which social stratification based on color and race is the norm. He draws his readers' attention to the importance of names by the headings he uses for the novel's monological divisions. The gathering that this novel celebrates, a sign of the old men's maturing, features, among other indications of coming of age, their insistence on being called by their formal names.
Caliban's Name and the “Brave New World”
Authors: Fleissner Robert F.
Published: January 2014

AbstractOne of Shakespeare's most puzzling made-up names, that of Caliban in The Tempest, is traceable to the influence of the log of Columbus' first voyage to America, or from a transcription thereof by Las Casas, deriving from the linguistic confusion of Caribbean people (“Caribs”) with Canibs, hence with cannibals. The allusion, however, is probably not to actual man-eaters, the question of whether the natives were anthropophagi (physically or mythically) notwithstanding. Although Montaigne's influential essay did indeed cite the latter, Shakespeare could have improvised here a bit upon Florio's translation.
Some Informal Neighborhood and Street Names in Manhattan: From Alphabet City to The Dead End
Authors: Allen Irving Lewis
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn annotated glossary of thirty-five informal, often slang-like historical placenames of socially symbolic neighborhoods and streets in Manhattan is given. The list is limited to the more enduring names of probable New York origin and to similar names that took on highly specialized meanings in Manhattan. The glossary is preceded by a short essay which discusses the social uses and gratifications of informal placenames in city life.
Designer Selves in Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities and Danielle Steel's Crossings
Authors: Hoeller Hildegard
Published: January 2014

AbstractBoth Tom Wolfe in his realist novel The Bonfire of the Vanities and Danielle Steel in her sentimental novel Crossings use designer and brand names as narrative tools. While such a use of designer names enhances the verisimilitude of the novels, it also involves both authors in complex, post-modern revisions of the nineteenth century literary traditions - realism and sentimental fiction - they place themselves in.
Objectionable Sport Team Designations
Authors: Nuessel Frank
Published: January 2014

AbstractSport team nicknames have a long tradition in North America. In recent years these designations have received much journalistic attention because some of the names are now considered racist, especially those that refer to Native Americans. High school, college and university, and professional team names are surveyed. Several of the teams’ nicknames, logos and mascots may be viewed as racist and/or sexist. The current debate over “political correctness” and its relationship to these nicknames is also addressed.
The First American Placename in England: Pimlico
Authors: Coates Richard
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe London placename Pimlico, hitherto of obscure origin, is plausibly shown to have been copied from America and to be linked with Sir Walter Raleigh's abortive Roanoke settlements of the 1580s. Its place in the cultural contexts of Elizabethan Virginia and Jacobean north London is explored, and a possible alternative theory is shown, in fact, to reinforce the claim of an American origin.
Cannibalizing the Donner Name
Authors: De Vinne Christine
Published: January 2014

AbstractFor nineteenth-century American audiences, the name of the Donner Party evoked grisly images of cannibalism on the western frontier. Those same audiences eagerly consumed every artifact to which the party's name could be attached and, in turn, renamed the scene of the 1846-47 winter encampment in its honor. The transformation of the Donner label is traced from individual name to toponymic feature and article of exchange on the open market, with particular attention to the ways in which the party's common identity as “Donners” overwrote the histories of individual party members.
The Naming of Bermuda
Authors: Ahrens Wolfgang P. , Embleton Sheila
Published: January 2014

AbstractThere have been many changes to and confusions surrounding the naming of Bermuda and the name Bermuda itself. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, one finds the Isle of Devils and the variants Bermuda Isles and Somers Islands. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, one sees the use of Bermuda Islands and The Bermudas to an equal degree, while recently Bermuda has predominated. Throughout history, there has been confusion over whether Bermuda was one or several islands; in addition, analogy to such names as Barbados, Barbuda, the Bahamas, and even the Virginias has added to the confusion. The name given to Bermuda in other European languages reflects the same confusion as has been present in English. At present, Bermuda is used as the official designation for the country; however, Bermuda Islands can still be found on maps and tourist literature published in Bermuda.
Research Summary: Patronizing Names and Forms of Address Used with Older Adults
Authors: Nuessel Frank , Van Stewart Arthur
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe use of personal names, related forms of address and references directed toward older adults, especially in health care settings such as hospitals and nursing homes, is ageist and infantilizes older adults. We provide a number of examples of this practice from the available literature.
Zulu Names and Indirect Expression
Authors: Turner Noleen S.
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn addition to direct reference, Zulu names are often used indirectly, as a means of expressing opinions and concerns, giving warnings, raising suspicions, admonishing or chastizing individuals in a society which discourages direct confrontation. Examples and commentary on children's and animal's names used in this way are given.
The Oregon File of the Geographic Names Information System: A Macro Corpus Typology
Authors: McArthur Lewis L.
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Oregon file of the national Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), containing some 51,500 geographic names, is being classified by type. The first part of this article discusses approximately 9,000 of these names, about which many basic facts are known and have been recorded. The second part covers a few general suppositions about various kinds of names, and discusses how certain of these suppositions compare statistically with the researched corpus. It concludes with some comments on name classification problems and suggestions as to how a large-scale study could be of use to various disciplines.
In the Name of Matilda: Feminine Transgression and Romantic Conceit
Authors: Robertson Ben P.
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis essay explores frequent recurrences of the name Matilda throughout the British Romantic Period as a means of defining what I term the Romantic conceit, an idea whose sustained presence becomes a shared cultural construct with special meaning. The essay traces the name to primarily Continental sources, with special emphasis on Dante and Spenser, on members of the British royal family with Continental connections, and on Matthew Lewis's The Monk. The juxtaposition of historical and biographical sources suggests that the Romantics appropriated this name traditionally associated with strength and nobility to transform it into an emblem of feminine transgression and irrational behavior. Romantic Matildas are connected with physical violence, with incest, and with direct challenges to religious and political authority as presented most visibly in Gothic literature. As the Romantic Period progressed, the connotations associated with the name coalesced into a well defined set so that a mere invocation of the name also invoked revolutionary sentiment.
Towards a Standardization Of Personal Names: The Case of the Ethnic Chinese in Singapore
Authors: Tan Peter KW
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe evolution of personal names in western Europe can be said to be characterized by the phenomenon of standardization (Wilson 1998). This article seeks to examine whether this general rubric is of use in the context of hybridized names, specifically the names of the ethnic Chinese in Singapore. I examine names obtained from a school year book in Singapore against the backdrop of the traditional pattern as documented by Jones (1997). Notable changes include the increased use of English-based given names and the way Chinese given names are represented: the tendency is towards having them based on Mandarin Chinese as opposed to other varieties of Chinese, and of having them spelt in a standard way of sorts. This is in line with the government's preferences and supports the standardization thesis. There is, however, strong resistance to the standardization of Chinese surnames.
Runaway Slave Names Recaptured: An Investigation of the Personal First Names of Fugitive Slaves Advertised in the Virginia Gazette Between 1736 and 1776
Authors: Laversuch Iman Makeba
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis investigation presents the analysis of 251 personal names found in 960 fugitive slave advertisements placed in the Virginia Gazette between 1736 and 1776. This collection of names \vas compiled from a digital corpus of more than 2,000 personal newspaper advertisements placed in 18th century United States American newspapers assembled as a part of the Virginia Center for Digital History Project. This article begins with a brief introduction to some of the past research conducted on slave names and a discussion of some of the practices surrounding the naming of African- American slaves in 18th Century America. This is followed by a classification of the collection of fugitive slave names into eight descriptive categories and a description of the assortment of personal names listed for the runaway slaves. For each onomastic category, illustrative examples are provided. Finally, the significance of the findings for the investigation of African- American naming patterns is given.
Factors affecting quality of dissimilar plate submerged arc welds
Authors: McPherson N. A. , Millar D. W.
Published: January 2014

Submerged arc welding of stainless steel to carbon steel plate can produce a number of quality problems. These problems are lack of penetration defects, low ferrite numbers in the weld metal, and presence of martensite in the microstructure. It has been established that the position of the electrode wire in the weld preparation is critical to the integrity of the weld. Offsetting the wire position to the stainless steel side of the preparation has two effects. First, it exposes more stainless steel to the arc for a second side pass, which results in increased penetration and removes the potential for occurrence of lack of penetration defects. Second, it alters the dilution of the weld metal, which governs the ferrite number of the weld metal, and it also controls the final microstructure of the weld metal. It has been established that a high ferrite number (>60) consumable wire should be used to produce a satisfactory weld.
Roles of dendrite tip undercooling and solid state diffusion in microsegregation of Fe–Nb welds
Authors: Brooks J. A. , Li M. , Baskes M. I. , Yang N. C. Y.
Published: January 2014

The contributions of dendrite tip undercooling and solid state diffusion to the final degree of microsegregation of gas tungsten arc welds in Fe–Nb alloys were experimentally determined. With a partitioning coefficient of ∼0·28, niobium is expected to highly segregate to the liquid during solidification. However, weld microsegregation modelling using afinite difference technique indicated that almost complete homogenisation occurs as a result of solid state diffusion during solidification and cooling. The final degree of microsegregation could be accounted for considering only solid state diffusion. Examination of specimens that had been liquid tin quenched during welding showed that a significant amount of tip undercooling occurred during solidification. The degree of undercooling and amount of solid state diffusion measured were compared with predicted values using solidification models. It was found that although tip undercooling resulted in a higher niobium concentration during initial solidification, its impact on the final degree of microsegregation was small because of the overwhelming effect of solid state diffusion.
High-resolution imaging of cardiomyocyte behavior reveals two distinct steps in ventricular trabeculation
Authors: Staudt David W. , Liu Jiandong , Thorn Kurt S. , Stuurman Nico , Liebling Michael , Stainier Didier Y. R.
Published: January 2014

Over the course of development, the vertebrate heart undergoes a series of complex morphogenetic processes that transforms it from a simple myocardial epithelium to the complex 3D structure required for its function. One of these processes leads to the formation of trabeculae to optimize the internal structure of the ventricle for efficient conduction and contraction. Despite the important role of trabeculae in the development and physiology of the heart, little is known about their mechanism of formation. Using 3D time-lapse imaging of beating zebrafish hearts, we observed that the initiation of cardiac trabeculation can be divided into two processes. Before any myocardial cell bodies have entered the trabecular layer, cardiomyocytes extend protrusions that invade luminally along neighboring cell-cell junctions. These protrusions can interact within the trabecular layer to form new cell-cell contacts. Subsequently, cardiomyocytes constrict their abluminal surface, moving their cell bodies into the trabecular layer while elaborating more protrusions. We also examined the formation of these protrusions in trabeculation-deficient animals, including erbb2 mutants, tnnt2a morphants, which lack cardiac contractions and flow, and myh6 morphants, which lack atrial contraction and exhibit reduced flow. We found that, compared with cardiomyocytes in wild-type hearts, those in erbb2 mutants were less likely to form protrusions, those in tnnt2a morphants formed less stable protrusions, and those in myh6 morphants extended fewer protrusions per cell. Thus, through detailed 4D imaging of beating hearts, we have identified novel cellular behaviors underlying cardiac trabeculation.
Molecular and Electronic Structure of Distannine-fused Tetrathiafulvalene Dimer and Its Cationic Species
Authors: Shirai Masaki , Hasegawa Masashi , Sato Hiroyasu , Mazaki Yasuhiro
Published: January 2014

A rigid dimeric tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative 1 doubly-bridged by dimethyltin (Me2Sn) linkers was synthesized and fully characterized. From X-ray crystallographic analysis, the central 1,4-distannine ring of 1 adopts almost planar geometry, although dication 12+, prepared by chemical oxidation with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ-F4), adopts a butterfly geometry in the central 1,4-distannine ring due to the effects of the electronic structure of cationic TTFs.
Photo-electrochemical Behaviors of Hollow ZnO Spheres Prepared by Zinc in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Yao Xiaojie
Published: January 2014

ZnO with abundant morphologies has been widely applied in photo-electrochemical water splitting. A novel Pt-induced faint electrochemical route is developed to synthesize hollow ZnO spheres from zinc dust in aqueous solution at room temperature. Here, the Zn|ZnO serves as an anode and Pt|H2O|H2 serves as a cathode. The hollow ZnO spheres exhibit enhanced photocurrent intensity due to a multiple light reflection.
The humanities component of training students of «Tourism» specialty: psychological aspects
Authors: Масленникова Елена , Maslennikova Elena
Published: January 2014

The article shows the role of socio-psychological training in teaching students in «Tourism» professional dialogue, tolerance communicative behavior, in particular, the fundamentals of reflective and non-reflective

listening skills, strategies and tactics of verbal behavior, effective management of conflicts. Models of non-standard communication situations specific to the tourism industry and service are presented.
The experience of the Russian military emigration in educational work with young people
Authors: Сотников Сергей , Sotnikov Sergey
Published: January 2014

One of the most important parts of the educational experience of the Russian military emigration is the

involvement of young people in the historical and cultural work in the museum, military, memorial, literary

and publishing field. Active military emigration in education can be regarded as an essential component of

the historical heritage of the Russian abroad in general and as a field for the development of socio-cultural

dialogue with the world of our compatriots abroad. Educational activity of the Russian military immigration,

carried out in the framework of cultural, educational, military, sporting and charitable organizations covered

a wide range immigrant youth in various countries around the world and helped to maintain the authority of

the military societies and unions in the society of Russia abroad.
Tourism as a factor of development of Kazakh-Russian relations (1991-2012)
Authors: Исабаев Нурлан , Isabaev Nurlan
Published: January 2014

Important periods of collaboration between Kazakhstan and Russia in bilateral relations and in the context of regional organizations are considered in the article. There has been made the research of tourist fl ows in 1991–2012 taking into account requirements of international touristic statistics. Author draws attention to following problems in process of development of Kazakhstani-Russian relations in tourism on the longterm prospective basis.
Monumental sculpture composition "Worker and collective farm woman" as new ideology of urban area or as Moscow touristic brand?
Authors: Джанджугазова Елена , Dzhandzhugazova Elena
Published: January 2014

Main events related to construction of one of the most famous sculpture compositions in Moscow — «Worker and collective farm woman» — are considered in the article. Author estimates role and signifi cance of this sculpture composition

both in the historical context and in the system of touristic area of modern city. It makes possible for readers to formulate their own point of view on given problem.
The Firm as a Coordination System: Evidence from Software Services Offshoring
Authors: Srikanth Kannan , Puranam Phanish
Published: January 2014

To examine what, if any, are the differences in how activities are coordinated within versus between firms, we conducted interviews with 32 project managers regarding 60 projects in the offshore software services industry. Uniquely, our projects were sampled along two dimensions: (1) colocation versus spatial distribution and (2) delivery by groups of individuals from a single firm versus from multiple firms. Our evidence suggests that in colocated projects, the same broad categories of coordination mechanisms are used both within and between firms. However, there is a qualitative difference in how geographically (i.e., spatially) distributed projects are coordinated within versus between firms. Distributed projects conducted within firms rely extensively on tacit coordination mechanisms; such mechanisms are not readily available in between-firm projects that are spatially distributed. This difference may arise because of the lack of shared history and lack of enforcement through common authority in the between-firm context.
Increased Soluble ST2 Predicts Long-term Mortality in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Results from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Dieplinger Benjamin , Egger Margot , Haltmayer Meinhard , Kleber Marcus E , Scharnagl Hubert , Silbernagel Guenther , de Boer Rudolf A , Maerz Winfried , Mueller Thomas
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND

Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) has emerged as a strong prognostic biomarker in patients with heart failure and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term prognostic value of sST2 in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

METHODS

sST2 plasma concentrations were measured in 1345 patients with stable CAD referred for coronary angiography at a single tertiary care center. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.

RESULTS

During a median follow-up time of 9.8 years, 477 (36%) patients died. The median sST2 plasma concentration at baseline was significantly higher among decedents than survivors (21.4 vs 18.5 ng/mL; P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, sST2 was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (risk ratio 1.16 per 1-SD increase in log-transformed values; 95% CI 1.05–1.29; P = 0.004). In the same multivariate analysis, amino-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) were also independent predictors, whereas galectin-3 was not. Patients with sST2 in the highest quartile (>24.6 ng/mL) displayed a 2-fold increased risk of death in univariate analysis, which was attenuated but remained significant in a fully adjusted model (risk ratio 1.39; 95% CI 1.10–1.76; P = 0.006). Further analysis showed that the prognostic impact of sST2 was additive to NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT. Using a multibiomarker approach combining these 3 complementary makers, we demonstrated that patients with all 3 biomarkers in the highest quartiles had the poorest outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

In this cohort of patients with stable CAD, increased sST2 was an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality and provided complementary prognostic information to hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP.
The Heart of Wrath: Calvin, Barth, and Reformed Theories of Atonement
Authors: Hay Andrew R.
Published: January 2014

This paper seeks to be a systematic reflection on the difficulties raised by the sixteenth century Reformed notion of the atonement, rather than a repetitio of centuries-old methods of conceptualization. I will therefore look beyond the somewhat imprecise confessions of the period, and instead focus on the dogmatic work of John Calvin to find a more robust Reformed notion of the atonement. Yet, as we shall see, Calvin’s account of the atonement is not without its inconsistencies. Namely, if it is the wrath of God that is satisfied on the cross of Christ, as Calvin states, then the divine love becomes obscured from view. In reply, Karl Barth’s theology of the atonement will be surveyed in order to uphold that the holy love of God is effective at every moment in the accomplishment of our redemption. Thus, this paper seeks to found a theology of the atonement guided by the Reformed theology of the sixteenth century, yet at the same time considers it possible to decisively bend the Reformed tradition without breaking with it.
Photo-modulated dynamic competition between metallic and insulating phases in a layered manganite
Authors: Li Yuelin , Walko Donald , Li Qing’an , Liu Yaohua , Rosenkranz Stephan , Zheng Hong , Mitchell J. F , Wen Haidan , Dufresne Eric , Adams Bernhard
Published: January 2014

We show evidence that the competition between the antiferromagnetic metallic phase and the charge- and orbital-ordered insulating phase at the reentrant phase boundary of a layered manganite, LaSr2Mn2O7, can be manipulated using ultrafast optical excitation. The time-dependent evolution of the Jahn-Teller superlattice reflection, the indicator of the formation of charge and orbital order, was measured at different laser fluences. The laser-induced change in the Jahn-Teller reflection intensity shows a reversal of sign between earlier (∼10 ns) and later (∼150 ns) times during the relaxation of the sample. This is consistent with a physics picture whereby the laser excitation modulates the local competition between the metallic and the insulating phases.
Modeling of a MEMS Floating Element Shear Sensor
Authors: Kastor Nikolas , Zhao Zhengxin , White Robert D.
Published: January 2014

A MEMS floating element shear stress sensor has been developed for flow testing applications, targeted primarily in ground and flight testing of aerospace vehicle and components. However, concerns remain about the interaction of the flow with the mechanical elements of the structure at the micro-scale. In particular, there are concerns about the validity of laminar flow cell calibration to measurement in turbulent flows, and the extent to which pressure gradients may introduce errors into the shear stress measurement. In order to address these concerns, a numerical model of the sensor has been constructed.

In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is described. The CFD model directly models a laminar flow cell experiment that is used to calibrate the shear sensor. The computational model allows us to quantify the contributions (e.g. pressure gradient vs. shear, top surface vs. lateral surfaces) to the sensor output in a manner that is difficult by purely experimental means. The results are compared to experimental data, validating the model and resulting in the following: Surface shear stress contributes approximately 40% of the total flow direction force; pressure gradient effects contribute nearly 45% for the textured shuttle described here; lift forces and pitching moments are non-zero. Thus, it is found that flow interactions are complex and that it is insufficient to simply assume that flow forces on the sensor are the top area multiplied by wall shear, as is sometimes done. Pressure gradient effects, at least, must be included for accurate calibration.
Editorial Input for the Right Price: Tobacco Industry Support for a Sheet Metal Indoor Air Quality Manual
Authors: Campbell Richard , Balbach Edith
Published: January 2014

Following legal action in the 1990s, internal tobacco industry documents became public, allowing unprecedented insight into the industry's relationships with outside organizations. During the 1980s and 1990s, the National Energy Management Institute (NEMI), established by the Sheet Metal Workers International Association and the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association, (SMACNA) received tobacco industry funding to establish an indoor air quality services program. But the arrangement also required NEMI to serve as an advocate for industry efforts to defeat indoor smoking bans by arguing that ventilation was a more appropriate solution to environmental tobacco smoke. Drawing on tobacco industry documents, this paper describes a striking example of the ethical compromises that accompanied NEMI's collaboration with the tobacco industry, highlighting the solicitation of tobacco industry financial support for a SMACNA indoor air quality manual in exchange for sanitizing references to the health impact of environmental tobacco smoke prior to publication.
Occupational Health Profile of Brazilian Immigrant Housecleaners in Massachusetts
Authors: Siqueira C. Eduardo , Roche Andrea Gouveia
Published: January 2014

The occupational health and safety conditions of a sample of Brazilian housecleaners in Massachusetts are examined in this article. We administered a main survey to a convenience sample of 626 Brazilian immigrant workers of all trades and a supplemental survey to 163 Brazilian housecleaners in Massachusetts in 2005 and 2006. Survey questions addressed housecleaner demographics, socioeconomic status, working conditions, and hazards of housecleaning work. Housecleaners are exposed to a variety of ergonomic, chemical, and biological hazards. Professional housecleaners' work is fast-paced, requires awkward postures, and involves repetitive movements, use of force, and heavy lifting. The most common symptoms reported include back pain, and pain in the muscles, arms, legs, neck, shoulder, hands, fingers, and feet. To reduce exposures to occupational hazards, we propose the substitution of green cleaners for toxic chemical cleaning products, the use of ergonomic equipment, the use of personal protective equipment, and changes in work organization.
WaMu's Option-ARM Strategy
Authors: Bowen Robert M. , Jollineau S. Jane , Lougee Barbara A.
Published: January 2014

At the end of 2007, Washington Mutual, Inc. (generally known as “WaMu”) was the largest savings and loan bank in the U.S., based on assets ($328 billion) and revenue ($25.5 billion). Less than nine months later, WaMu was seized by federal regulators and sold to JPMorgan Chase for $1.9 billion in a transaction facilitated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). During the worst recession since the Great Depression, WaMu became the largest U.S. bank failure in history.

This case illustrates how a financial institution's business strategy affects risk and how these characteristics are revealed in the financial statements. Students assume the role of a financial analyst examining WaMu's 2007 10-K after its release in March 2008. In particular, they evaluate the quality of WaMu's loans and the adequacy of WaMu's estimates for loan losses, one of the most important discretionary accruals for financial institutions. Students gain insights into the consequences of WaMu's business strategy to emphasize high-margin loan products by comparing WaMu to (1) the relatively conservative Wells Fargo Bank and (2) the average large FDIC bank. This case has been used successfully in graduate-level financial statement analysis courses.
Application of the partitioning method to specific Toeplitz matrices
Authors: Stanimirović Predrag , Miladinović Marko , Stojanović Igor , Miljković Sladjana
Published: January 2014

We propose an adaptation of the partitioning method for determination of theMoore-Penrose inverse of a matrix augmented by a block-column matrix. A simplified implementation of the partitioning method on specific Toeplitz matrices is obtained. The idea for observing this type of Toeplitz matrices lies in the fact that they appear in the linear motion blur models in which blurring matrices (representing the convolution kernels) are known in advance. The advantage of the introduced method is a significant reduction in the computational time required to calculate the Moore-Penrose inverse of specific Toeplitz matrices of an arbitrary size. The method is implemented in MATLAB, and illustrative examples are presented.
Addendum to “The well-posedness of a swimming model in the 3-D incompressible fluid governed by the nonstationary Stokes equation”
Authors: Khapalov Alexander
Published: January 2014

In this addendum we address some unintentional omission in the description of the swimming model in our recent paper (Khapalov, 2013)
ASSESSMENT OF FREEZING PRE-TREATMENTS FOR THE FREEZE DRIED OF APPLE SLICES
Authors: Antal Tamás , Sikolya László , Kerekes Benedek
Published: January 2014

The effect of freezing rate on the quality of dried Jonagold and Idared was studied. Apple slices underwent various pre-treatments, i.e. freezing in household freezer (freezing rate: 0,5 °C/min), contact plate freezing (2 °C/min) and vacuum-freezing (3 °C/min). The quality of the freeze dried product was then evaluated in terms of water activity, hardness, color and rehydration. The freezing in household freezer (slow freezing rate) significantly reduces the duration of the freeze drying process and consequently the process costs. The slow freezing rate allows the growth of large ice crystals at the beginning of the freeze-drying process, this fact should consequently lead to larger pores and injured cell walls and thus to shorter freeze drying time. Quality of the freezing in household freezer product was assessed as higher than the quality of the other freezing pre-treated material. Slow freezing rate resulted softer texture and higher rehydration capacity, than that of other pre-treated samples. In all cases, slow freezing lead to lower final moisture content, total color difference and water activity.
THE STUDY OF THE BAKING OVENS BY COMPUTER SIMULATION
Authors: Litovchenko Igor
Published: January 2014

Configuring ovens for baking bread is a complex scientific and industrial problems. Find the best modes of operation allows computer simulation of aerodynamic and thermal processes in the heating ducts and the baking chamber. Shows an example of a motion study of heating gases in areas of attention, shows the typical problems and methods their solutions.
Evaluation of Strategies in the Process of China’s City Informatization Using the AHP Method
Authors: Xinsheng Ke , Sun Qi
Published: January 2014

Informatization is the new power for urban management innovation -- the tools to enhance the quality of life for citizens and the new ways to improve government services. However, there are many problems in the informatization construction process of the Chinese cities, such as poor level design, hard effects than to soft, the lack of features, poor e-government function and information collaboration. This paper analyzes the problems in the informatization construction of Chinese cities, combined with advances in information network technology, social needs, and some city informatization instances, proposes development tactics of Chinese city informatization. Ultimately, AHP and ISM has been used to analyze the numerical value of different plans, carrying out the best plan under the criterion.
On Square-Free Numbers
Authors: Grabowski Adam
Published: January 2014

In the article the formal characterization of square-free numbers is shown; in this manner the paper is the continuation of [19]. Essentially, we prepared some lemmas for convenient work with numbers (including the proof that the sequence of prime reciprocals diverges [1]) according to [18] which were absent in the Mizar Mathematical Library. Some of them were expressed in terms of clusters’ registrations, enabling automatization machinery available in the Mizar system. Our main result of the article is in the final section; we proved that the lattice of positive divisors of a positive integer n is Boolean if and only if n is square-free.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF XANTHOMONAS CITRI SUBSP. CITRI, CAUSAL AGENT OF CITRUS CANKER
Authors: Arshadi Farimah , Sijam Kamaruzaman , Awang Yahya Bin
Published: January 2014

A total of 25 samples of canker disease from different part of West Malaysia were isolated from three different hosts. After various diagnostic tests, the samples were identified as Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), and were also pathogenic to four tested citrus species. Molecular characterization using rep-PCR fingerprinting was carried out on the isolates. Cluster analysis using the combined banding patterns of ERIC and BOX-PCR clearly divided the isolates into different clusters according to their geographical origin, but not to their host species. A relatively high amount of genetic diversity was observed among isolates, as a group of isolates from a more restricted part of Malaysia separated from the rest with relatively low similarity, indicating that there might be distinct pathotypes of the bacterium present in Malaysia.
A QUARANTINE PROTOCOL AGAINST RED PALM WEEVIL RHYNCHOPHORUS FERRUGINEUS (OLIVIER) (COLEPTERA: CURCULIONDAE) IN DATE PALM
Authors: Al-Shawaf Abdul Moneim , Al-Shagag Abdullah , Al-Bagshi Mansour , Al-Saroj Sami , Al-Bather Salim , Al-Dandan Abdel Moneim , Abdallah Abdallah Ben , Faleiro Jose Romeno
Published: January 2014

The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), (Coleptera: Curculiondae) is a key pest of date palm in the Middle East. This weevil is currently being reported from over 50% of the date growing countries of the world. The date palm Phoenix dactylifera cropped area in the Middle East, has significantly increased during the last two decades where date palm is mainly propagated through offshoots. The red palm weevil larvae are often found in the offshoots, resulting in the spread of the pest and also its re-inoculation where RPW is already controlled. Currently, there are no quarantine protocols to ensure that date palm offshoots which are transported for planting, are free of RPW larvae. In this study, date palm offshoots were sprayed while still attached to the mother palm and also dipped separately with Fipronil 3.5% (Thripguard 35 SCTM) and Imidacloprid 35% (Confidor 350 SCTM) a day after detachment from the mother palm. Fipronil and Imidacloprid were tested at 0.008 % and 0.01%, respectively. Results revealed that dipping gave complete mortality of the larvae. Dipping was significantly better than spraying since spraying resulted in only partial mortality of the larvae. It was also seen that dipping offshoots in Fipronil 0.004% and 0.002% for 30 and 60 min, respectively, resulted in 100% mortality of the larvae tested. Further, toxicity studies resulted in complete mortality of larvae and adults that were exposed to offshoot tissue that was dipped in Fipronil at the above concentrations. For this reason, it is recommended to dip date palm offshoots in 0.004% Fipronil for 30 min before transporting to ensure complete mortality of the hidden larval stages, if any and complete certification and transport of the treated offshoots to the new planting site within 72 h of treatment.
Lumbar L4-L5 ganglion cyst with hemicauda equina syndrome. Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Iacob Gabriel , Rotund Bogdan
Published: January 2014

Mostly associated with degenerative facet joints and spondylolisthesis, symptomatic lumbar juxta facet cysts - ganglion and synovial cysts are uncommon lesions of the spine. They can mimic herniated discs, causing low back pain, radiculopathy or even cauda equina syndrome; also some of them are associated with spinal instability. Referring to a case with hemicauda equina syndrome where microsurgical decompression was performed with very good result; alternative treatment solutions are discussed: conservative therapy for symptomatic lesions is often unsuccessful, spinal fusion should be made for those cases with spinal instability, although there are reports of spontaneous resolution of these cysts as well as the symptoms associated with them.
Analyses in regulatory practice
Authors: Blömeling F. , Schaffrath A.
Published: January 2014

The application of numerical codes is well established in the regulatory practice for nuclear power plants. Therefore, requirements for computer-aided analyses can be found in different places of the nuclear technical rules and standards. These requirements also apply for CFD analyses which reached more and more the spot light of research activities and component design, because computing capacities increased significantly in the past years. Hence, the actual status of CFD as a possible design and analysis tool in the supervising process of nuclear power plants will be discussed in this paper. The focus is set on the prerequisites which have to be fulfilled by codes and in particular by the user who wants to use CFD methods. The prerequisites will be derived directly from the existing German technical rules and standards. Finally, two examples for typical CFD applications for nuclear safety analyses are given.
Cancer screening in the United States, 2014: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening
Authors: Smith Robert A. , Manassaram-Baptiste Deana , Brooks Durado , Cokkinides Vilma , Doroshenk Mary , Saslow Debbie , Wender Richard C. , Brawley Otis W.
Published: January 2014

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Each year the American Cancer Society publishes a summary of its guidelines for early cancer detection, a report on data and trends in cancer screening rates, and select issues related to cancer screening. In this issue of the journal, we summarize current American Cancer Society cancer screening guidelines. In addition, the latest data on the use of cancer screening from the National Health Interview Survey is described, as are several issues related to screening coverage under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, including the expansion of the Medicaid program. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:30–51. © 2014 American Cancer Society, Inc.