bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indian Genocide – A Study Through The Works of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn
Authors: Chourey Poonam
Published: June 2020

The research expounded the turmoil, uproar, anguish, pain, and agony faced by native Indians and Native Americans in the South Dakota region.  To explain the grief, pain and lamentation, this research studies the works of Elizabeth Cook-Lyn.  She laments for the people who died and also survived in the Wounded Knee Massacre.  The people at that time went through huge exploitation and tolerated the cruelty of American Federal government. This research brings out the unchangeable scenario of the Native Americans and Native Indians.  Mr. Padmanaban shed light on the works of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn who was activist.  Mr. Padmanaban is very influenced with Elizabeth Cook-Lynn’s thoughts and works. She hails from Sioux Community, a Native American.  She was an outstanding and exceptional scholar.  She experienced the agony and pain faced by the native people.  The researcher, Mr. Padmanaban is concerned the sufferings, agony, pain faced by the South Dakota people at that time.  The researcher also is acknowledging the Indian freedom fighters who got India independence after over 200 years of sufferings.  The foreign nationals entered our country with the sole purpose of business.  Slowly and steadily the took over the reign of the country and ruled us for years, made all of us suffer a lot.
A Restrospection in The Novel Cat’s Eye by Margaret Atwood [1988]
Authors: S Shalini
Published: June 2020

"Does feminist mean large unpleasant person who’ll shout at you or someone who believes women are human beings, to me it is the latter, so I sign up."- Margaret AtwoodCat’s Eye by Margaret Atwood deals with and resists feminist doctrine. Feminist here means, exemption for women from the women. That is, this novel focuses on adversities paradox in female relationships. Atwood has also discussed the differentiation of boys and girls at a very young age. Elaine, the protaganist of the play, is the self- introspectional character of the author itself. When two daughters are born to Elaine, she finds it uneasy to raise them up.
Crusading Academia with Special Reference to Chetan Bhagat’s Five Point Someone
Authors: Nikam Dr Madhavi , Hume Nilesh U.
Published: June 2020

Studying follies in academics with the reference to Indian Campus novels is a fascinating subject. Yet it is a virgin area. We come across a number of studies on plots, themes and characters in novels but when it comes to academics, we find a few and far between, that to sketchy and random. Largely such a state of affairs in literary studies encouraged me to commence this study to unravel its different facets, shortcomings and fecundities. In a campus novel, academia is an integral and important component. Besides serving the purpose of a backdrop, it is of overriding significance as it determines the characters in most cases. Although, there are early examples of faulty academic system in Indian campus novels but full-fledged follies and remedies are found in Chetan Bhagat’s Five Point Someone.
The Hyper Real Educational System: A Study of Chetan Bhagat’s Novel “Five Point Someone”
Authors: Lone Parvaize Ahmad
Published: June 2020

The novel Five point someone argues about the grade point averages (GPAs) of the IIT students in India. Chetan Bhagat criticizes the conviction of IIT in particular and the whole technical educational system in India in general. The three friends Ryan, Hari and Alok exhibit psychological trauma which the majority of the students go through due to tight IIT schedule. This paper aims to underline the faulty education system in India and its remedies.
Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein As A Text About Nature and Culture
Authors: Debnath Kunal
Published: June 2020

In Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein (1818), we find several dichotomies: culture/nature, self/other, ego/id, male/female et cetera. In the novel, Victor is a scientist who wants to inject life into inanimate objects and thereby become a creator, a god. As science is an element of culture, Victor is associated with culture. But he represents the darker side of culture: scientism misused as fantasy. On the other hand, the creature is associated with nature. Though Victor infuses life into the monster through a scientific experiment, the monster is still a nature’s child as he is brought up in the midst of wild natural landscape. In the novel, we find that ‘male’ science (as a part of culture), in the person of Victor, penetrates “into the recesses of nature” (Shelley, 1818).
Writing Back by The Other: Breaking from The Hegemony Imposed
Authors: Mehta Shreya
Published: June 2020

One’s first language is said to play a key role in the maintenance of one’s cultural and ethnic identity. We express our folktales, myths, proverbs and the very history of our culture and heritage in the language. It could have perhaps also been one of the reasons that the imperial powers tried to hallmark the native languages with their own and employ the use of language as a key tool to impose their power and control over the colonised. There seemed two ways for the natives to fight back- one being of rejection and the other of subversion. Then of course there was the third option-to write back in the language of the Coloniser with the motive to reach out and appeal to the masses across the globe about their plight. The challenge, however, was to keep their essence, their identity alive in the language of majority.
Impressions of The Agonised Women in Padma Sachdev’s “Caretaker”
Authors: Kapur Deepali
Published: June 2020

Regional short stories in translation have always been a pasture of research in the field of English literature. It opens a vista of information, debate and discussion on the cultural and social crisis faced by the people lying hidden in the smaller pockets of our country. Jammu region is embedded with a rich heritage of Dogri language with an idiosyncratic regional flavour of its folk-tales and short-stories. Translation of Dogri works into other languages has helped the readers in the country and across borders, to peruse the social and cultural milieu of Jammu region. This paper critically examines the Dogri short story “Caretaker” by Padma Sachdev which reveals the agony, insecurities and position of Dogra women in the male-dominated society.

In the earlier Dogra society, women suffered at the hands of complex social‑cultural norms, rituals and patriarchal models of suppression. They were often forced into ill‑matched marriages and dohri (reciprocal marriages). Further, they were expected to become obedient wives to their husbands while their own identity got submerged under the burden of family responsibilities, catering to husband needs and rearing children. They often longed for a “home” of their own blessed with love and respect. However, the marital home failed to provide them this blessed home and the parental home became alien to them after marriage. The relationship between husband and wife seems like that of an orient and the occident as man becomes the agent of power, domination and male-centric prejudices against woman. On the other hand, woman acts as an orient who suffers from the societal prejudices for misinterpreted identity and enslavement for her social-cultural representation. As Simone de Beauvoir in her book, The Second Sex analyzes that man fundamentally tries to oppress women by characterizing them as the ‘Other’. Men impose his will on the other and women are cursed with the feelings of inwardness and suppressed voices. “[Man] attaches himself to woman –not to enjoy her, but to enjoy himself.” Hence, Padma Sachdev tries to echo a critical view of the patriarchal social institutions, which subjugate women’s identity for the gains of male supremacy. She also focuses on an unsaid bonding between women as they can sense the misery of each other. They may get corrupted by the feeling of insecurity at some point of time but soon they reconcile as they realise the pain of the other.
Developing Communication Skills Through Motivation Among Acharya Nagarjuna University Students
Authors: Venkateswarlu Tulluri , Kumar Professor M Suresh
Published: June 2020

The present study analyses and determines various orientations of Acharya Nagarjuna University students for learning English. The descriptive and correlational approaches were used to investigate the participants’ motivations. The researcher adapted questionnaires available from the literature to quantitatively collect data. The results show that university students are highly motivated to learn English and therefore, it suggests that motivation is an important variable that shapes learners' idea about English language learning. The results also show that students of different gender and majors had different perspectives about English learning. The conclusions and recommendations of the present study provide platform for future investigations into EFL learners’ motivation in other areas of India with regional medium students or in similar settings in ESL speaking countries to find out differences in students' orientations.
Problems in Translating Fictions
Authors: Rishikesh Dr. Kumar
Published: June 2020

The present paper tries to look into the socio-linguistic challenges and barriers concerned with translation of literary prose as prose constitutes ideologies, cultural values, as well as social, political, psychological and philosophical world views which always remain anthropocentric. Comparison of the original titles of the Hindi stories of Premchand and its translation as well as the interpretative role of the translator have been critically evaluated to establish the fact that a successful translator apart from mapping location, identities and cultural conflicts of the source language and the target language must be equally aware of the desire images of the writer to be translated
A Reading of Shakespeare’s Three Female Characters – Hermione, Portia and Calpurnia
Authors: Deenadhayalan Silvia P
Published: June 2020

(A statement) is sexist if it contributes to, encourages or causes or results in the oppression of women. (Mills 83).

For many years, humanity has been ruled by a patriarchal society. In the male dominated society, women have been viewed as objects, marginals, subalterns or inferior human beings. Shakespeare’s tragedies are monolithic and the heroes occupy the centre and the women characters get a subordinated treatment. The heroes are given a free ‘voice’ but the women are simply their ‘echo’.
A Himalayan Love Story by Namita Gokhale as a Novel of Resistance by the Protagonist in Pursuit of Emancipation
Authors: Chhikara Harshita , Rana Randeep
Published: June 2020

Love, especially unrequited love, has been the backdrop of numerous novels. A Himalayan Love Story by Namita Gokhale also has unrequited love as its central theme. This theme further helps to deconstruct the sexual confines of a woman, which helps her in her quest for identity. Namita Gokhale in the novel, A Himalayan Love Story, deals with the aforementioned theme presented in such a way that the familiar seems unfamiliar and we see it through a different lens, with a new perspective. She manoeuvers the classic theme of unrequited love into pursuit of emancipation for Parvati, the protagonist of the novel. Suppression of sexual desire often leads to mental illness. In this novel, not only Parvati suffers from mental but also a whole generation of females before her, for instance her mother died of mental illness. This mental illness is symbolic of subjection of women. Insanity in Parvati is suggestive of atrocities done to her by her homosexual husband and the society as well. The novel is an account of women’s tenacity, endurance and unwavering spirit against all odds. The beauty of the novel lies in the celebration of sexuality on one hand and rebellion against it on the other. The paper critically examines the subjugation of Parvati leading to her mental illness and her resistance against suppression in pursuit of emancipation and identity. The paper also tries to explore the psychological workings of the female psyche, which shapes their attitude and demeanor.
The Psychological Transitions in the Character Portrayal of E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India
Authors: Akte Nilufa
Published: June 2020

A passage to India, of E.M. Forster, sheds light on the psychological journey of the main characters (Mrs. Moore, Mrs. Adela Quested, Dr. Aziz) who are connected to the incident of the Marabar caves. E. M. Foster has given the readers the opportunities to analyze and discuss the novel from various angles. Having the context in India and characters from the Britain, this text can be analyzed from different perspectives including colonial studies, political perspective, physical and mental passage of British people to India, cultural conflict, religious conflict, racism and so on. And all these issues along with Marabar Caves do create some impacts on the characters in different times as the storyline gets developed in the novel. The experience of the Marabar caves affected the minds of the characters and a great deal of transformation is observed among them. This paper highlights how the story of Dr. Aziz changes with the incoming of Adela and Mrs. Moore as well as how the deflection that occurs in the Marabar Caves incident transits these character’s life into a new diverse vision. This paper also focuses how the journey of the characters switches into a new mode of realization; find a new identity, new philosophy of life through the transitions.
A Critical Study of Women’s Oppression in Sapphire’s Push
Authors: Kumari Palvinder
Published: June 2020

Oppression against women prevails in different forms such as abuse, violence, and exploitation denying them from their rights. Women face oppression in every walk of life. Family is a safest place for a woman to live in but at times family become a secret platform for the abusers to exploit the women of the house. Women because of their lower status are ostracised and discriminated in the society. The paper through the novel Push (1996) by Sapphire critically examines the plethora of violence suffered by the protagonist with multifaceted oppression. Moreover, paper explores the universal oppression of women and its impact on their individuality.
A Critical & Comparative Study of Freudian Concept with Bhagwad Geeta
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Tamta Mrs. Geetika
Published: June 2020

“Shrimad Bhagwad Geeta” is a part of the great epic ‘Mahabharata” written thousands of years back by the sage Ved Vyaas. The book has eighteen chapters, which contain the quintessence of the entire philosophy and vast ocean of spiritual knowledge of Vedas, Upnishads, Shastras, combined with all the other scriptures and literatures of the ancient India and Sanatan Hindus. But Bhagwad Geeta is not for a particular person, or religion, race, caste, or country, rather it is that divine treasure of knowledge that has been given by the Lord Krishna Himself to the entire humanity. Each individual, who is alive and breathing on this earth, has an equal claim and right over the unparalleled and liberating knowledge of this wonderful song sung by Krishna. Saying anything about Bhagwad Geeta is like showing a lamp to the sun but at the same time it is absolutely pertinent and important to keep spreading the most invaluable gems and pearls of this divine source of knowledge with people in this era when everyone around seems to be stressed and depressed mentally, psychologically, emotionally, and spiritually because this great scripture has the immense potential within itself to answer all the questions and complications that are facing the modern civilizations and men today. It is the elixir that can bring the humanity to immortality and can free it of all the psychological bondages and make it healthy and blissful forever. This research paper attempts to draw the similarities between the theories of Freudian psychologically and the teachings from Geeta and at the same time it endeavours to highlight how this scripture marvelously resolves all the conflicts that remain unanswered by the modern scientific psychological thought.
Nachni: The Saga of Art Unappreciated
Authors: Hazra Prof. Aparajita
Published: June 2020

The Nachni s of Purulia are a group of women dancers who dance to the characteristic Jhumur of rural Bengal. The dance form of the Nachni is without a doubt part of the cultural heritage of Bengal—and in a broader sense, of India. Yet, a closer look at the community would show up a distinctive lack of acknowledgement about this art form. On the contrary, these women, these dancers are most of the time stigmatized and looked down upon, so much so that these women themselves have come to see their profession as something not to be proud of. This paper proposes to talk of the Nachni s in the Rarh Bengal area—especially, Purulia—to unearth some not-so-pretty causes for the stigma that keeps these artisans of Nachni dance from holding their head high in society.
The Blackness in The Bluest Eye
Authors: Xavier T. Roy , Manju Dr. A. J.
Published: June 2020

Novels, of any time, carry certain stories related to reality. The earlier forms of the Novel, Allegory and Romance, contained religious, philosophical facts. These literary genres took the shape of Novels, which continue to carry moral, philosophical and historical truths. George Meredith, a Victorian novelist, defined Novel as the ‘summary of actual life’. According to William Henry Hudson, an English writer, Novel is an effective medium of the portrayal of human thoughts and actions.

The English word, Novel derived from the Italian term, Novelle, which means ‘a fresh story’. It was in 1350 that the Italian writer, Giovanny Boccassio, wrote his world famous collection of love stories in prose, named Decameron. Such stories in prose were called ‘novelle’ and a story in verse was known as ‘romance’. It meant a story of the legendary past. Malory’s Morte d’Arthur is an example. Some experts gave various definitions for a ‘Novel’.  According to an American novelist, F. Marion Crawford, a Novel is a pocket theatre; a novel contained all accessories of a drama without requiring to be staged before an audience. George Meredith, an English novelist, called it a ‘summary of actual life’ including both ‘the within and the without’.  According to W.H Hudson, Novel is an effective medium of the portrayal of human thought and action, ‘combining in itself the creations of poetry, the details of history and generalised experience of philosophy’.
Feminist Attributes for Parenting: Suggested by Adichie
Authors: Chauhan Kanika
Published: June 2020

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, is a contemporary Nigerian writer. I choose her work Dear Ijeawele, Or, A Feminist Manifesto In Fifteen Suggestions, as it gives suggestion for parenting in a feminist manner. A series of personal letter accommodated in a book are refreshing take on parenting and can be studied as an initial guide to understand feminism as an ideology. My main focus with this paper is to focus on two different kinds of parenting suggested by her and by Lois Gould, from her short story The story of X, where she creates a narrative revolving around gender-neutral parenting, and how these two can be read together to give a refreshing take on parenting, which is radical in nature because it dissects the norms.
Defeat Depression in Adherence to Spiritual Pathway in Bhagvad Gita
Authors: Shrivastava Dr. Ku. Richa
Published: June 2020

Dhritrashtra desires to know about the battlefield of Kurushetra. Dhritrashtra is inquisitive in relation to the combat zone. He denotes his sons as Kauravas and his brother’s son as Pandavas. He enquires Sanjay, “What my sons Kauravas and my brother’s sons Pandavas are doing in the war arena. He is concerned about his sons and calls them “Mine”. He is not worried about his brother’s sons and calls them “Others”. The way Dhritrashtra’s is characterized, it represents one thing that is his psychology, it’s critically analyzed his personality by his words. When he speaks something about war frontline his emphasis is on the words, “My sons”. When a person defines himself as “Me” and “Myself” and describes the others as “You” and “Yourselves”. Here the quarrel begins. Duryodhan is Dhritrastra’s son, whatsoever is the nature of Dhritrashtra, and broadly the son also has the same behavior. He said, “What my lads and Pandava’s lads are doing in the war - front”, from now, excess of love and affection towards his sons is revealed. He cogitates that, “Either, I ought to reign the country, or my sons might sovereign the nation, and no one else should be the supreme ruler. I would survive and my sons should subsist. My all possessions are supposed to stay secured and others should be empty handed. This is the language of self -centeredness. Dhritrastra had the mean mentality. Great writers have printed  their writings, about those who notify these clothes are mine, these houses are mine, these jewels are mine, these are my eatables, these are my resting places, those whom speak everything is mine, the persons whom emphasize themselves by the words, “Me” and “Mine”, the evil deaths are sure for those persons, they will die badly. A writer has very beautifully depicted in a few lines, the way it is written that has been told. This is not the sayings of a saint. It’s just like a meaningful sequence, some lines have been written in verses. Let’s visualize;
The Namesake: A Study of Cultural Dissonance
Authors: Ishan Manish Kumar
Published: June 2020

The proposed research article is an attempt to make an analysis of the causes of cultural dissonance in the Jhumpa Lahiri’s novel, The Namesake. Cultural conflict has been a constant motif of Indian diasporic writers, presented by Lahiri in the form of Immigrant’s experience, in evocative manner. It is observed that for immigrants, the challenges of exile, feeling of displacement and longing for homeland and desire for acquiring identity in a new world is more explicit and distressing than for their offspring. The Namesake is basically a narrative of Indian Bengali family who comes to America for better future prospects; it discusses dilemma of cultural clash and identity in an alien land.
Marxism and Latin American Literature
Authors: Ghosh Ritwik
Published: June 2020

In the aftermath of the collapse of the U.S.S.R Marxism remains a viable and flourishing tradition of literary and cultural criticism.  Marx believed economic and social forces shape human consciousness, and that the internal contradictions in capitalism would lead to its demise.[i] Marxist analyses can show how class interests operate through cultural forms.[ii] Marxist interpretations of cultural life have been done by critics such as C.L.R James and Raymond Williams.[iii]
The Syntax of Anaphors in Ki-Imenti: A Bantu Language Spoken in Kenya
Authors: Kananu Edna , Muriungi Prof. Peter , Kinyua Dr. Ann Hildah
Published: June 2020

This paper is an investigation of the distribution of anaphors in Ki-Imenti.  Ki- Imenti is a Bantu language spoken in Meru Central, North Imenti and Buuri sub-counties, Meru County. It is one of the dialects of Kimeru. The objective of this paper is to determine the syntax of anaphors in Ki- Imenti. The study is guided by Chomsky’s Binding Theory. The binding theory divides noun phrases into three basic categories anaphors, pronouns and R-expressions. This theory develops three binding principles to explain the distribution of these noun phrases. These are the binding principle A, binding principle B and binding principle C. This study is only limited to the distribution of anaphors. The study adopts a qualitative study research design as it gives detailed descriptions and explanations of the phenomena studied. The researcher generated the data for the study herself using self-introspection and the data was corroborated by ten native speakers who were purposively sampled. The paper has established that Ki-Imenti conforms to the binding principles. Anaphors are bound in their binding domain, whereby the binding domain is the inflectional phrase or the noun phrase containing the anaphor. This paper will make a contribution to the knowledge of the syntax of anaphors in Ki- Imenti and the description of the syntax of Bantu linguistics in general.
Improving Attributes of Teacher Education: An Analysis
Authors: Amandeep Dr.
Published: June 2020

Teacher education has been a cause of serious concern. Despite several commission and committees the state of affairs in these schools and colleges of education remains pretty much the same as it used to be three or even four decades ago. The paper analyses the new practices, policies and procedures in the area of teacher education that affect the quality of teacher education and accordingly the education and the nation. The attempt here is to describe several innovations that have been introduced in this field for instance NCTE, continuing Education and its centres, correspondence Education, experiments, Technology, Microteaching, UGC  Panel on Teacher Education and population Education etc. These methods are indicative that the role and responsibility of the teacher is vital for the individual personality and socio-scientific as well as socio-cultural progress of society and humanity.
The Quest for Female Identity in Shashi Deshpande’s The Dark Holds No Terrors
Authors: Sarkar Shilpa
Published: June 2020

Dark Holds No Terror is the second published novel of Shashi Deshpande. Saru, the protagonist of the novel is a well-educated doctor. This study is about her relationship with her parents, brother, how her life changes before and after marriage. Throughout the novel, she suffers mentally, physically and spiritually. She was a neglected child since her childhood. This paper focus on how the protagonist deal with the problems and finally discovers her real identity.
Feministic Images of Women in Shashi Deshpande's Fiction Roots and Shadows and The Binding Vine
Authors: Sarkar Shilpa
Published: June 2020

Shashi Deshpande is the most prolific writer among her contemporaries. Her writing reflects her image of middle class Indian woman. In most of her novels her protagonists are modern, well‑educated and financially independent women. The main theme of her novels are problems of middle class women who were trapped between tradition and modernity. The protagonists always try to maintain their marriage in spite of the fact that they are mentally and physically tortured by their husbands. The objective of this study is to show the feminist perspective of Shashi Deshpande's women characters in her two novels Roots and Shadows and The Binding Vine. This study also aim to figure out how the women characters of these novels assert themselves.
Social Realities of Higher Education in the Age of Uncertainties
Authors: Deshmukh Dr. Smita R.
Published: June 2020

Education is an enlightening experience and social process. The new social realities, particularly the interplay between democratization of education emergence of knowledge, society and globalization greatly influence the educational process of all societies. There exists a paradoxical situation of limited higher education opportunities and a large pool of unemployable educated in India.  This is partly a result of the failure of our education system to develop the competencies required for the world of work.  Such competency to face epidemics of Corona and value education, i.e., sensitivity, the ability and a skill to do job or business, is expected outcome of any good education system. The student should realize that they have the right for quality education as well as quality healthy life and they also have learning responsibilities to enable the institution to provide quality education.  The students and staff should mutually reinforce their efforts for quality education.  The 21 century is an age of accelerated change, the age of ICT that is Information and Communication Technology. We are happy to welcome 2020 which presents a powerful message that this is an age of Knowledge, age of Quality at the same time we are facing covid 19 corona in this age of Uncertainties.  In this scenario, higher education is essential for survival.  We are having in an important and epoch-making age.  We look at higher education for solutions.
Re-viewing Portfolio Writing from a Metacognitive Perspective
Authors: A Devika
Published: June 2020

Portfolio writing, a pedagogic construct of the late 20th century, which can be viewed as one of the latest branchings of the mainstream writing research, can also be considered as an offshoot of the ‘paradigm shift’ (Thomas Kuhn,1962) from the long prevailing product approach to an emerging process approach. Theory, research and classroom practice, all had been confined to the written products; and ‘the writer’ was more or less neglected.  The process approach brought to the forefront, the psyche of the writer by giving equal importance to the psycho-cognitive processes underlying the activity. The term ‘activity’ has been used here in the sense that writing is a higher order mental activity. Portfolio writing, moving one step further, reveals not only the writer’s ability at composing in the present, but consolidates the schema of the past, as well as forecasts the writing potentials of future, too. This paper tries to validate, how simultaneously the process and the product together result in the learning outcome, in the context of assessing writing performance.
Action Research: An Ethno-methodological Perspective
Authors: N. S. Vinija , Nair Dr. P Bhaskaran
Published: June 2020

Action Research is a tool for professional development which gained considerable momentum in language teaching domain. Effective and meaningful professional development programmes involve teachers in the constant process of learning about their practices, discovering and using their own potential. The strategies employed in action research are found to be one of the best options that can engage teachers in meaningful self-improvement. It is a discovery process in which the teacher investigates the issue on focus, carries out and implements some actions in the classroom. Just in opposite direction of the traditional practice of ‘from theory to practice’, action research moves ‘from practice to theorizing’. Reflection which is the essence of the philosophy at work behind, action research has a crucial role in improving the learning process and enhancing professional development. Reflection involves cognition, critical thinking, evaluation and problem solving. Action research continuously prompts these processes.

This article attempts to project how action research functions as a two-pronged phenomenon: (i) a pedagogic tool, whose impact will explicitly be felt on the learner, and (ii) as a means of continuous professional development, which leaves an implicit but, long-lasting change in the teacher. It is also pointed out in the paper, how action research can alter the physical and mental environment of learning and teaching through an ethno-methodological functioning—the teacher and the learners living in the same environment and getting immersed in the same experience.
Social, Historical and Psychological Realism in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things
Authors: Janam Dr. Ram
Published: June 2020

The God of Small Things depicts realistic picture of the current issues of the typical Indian society. Arundhati Roy has tried her best to cover almost all the details of social and historical setting so that the readers may be able to acquaint with the pattern of living, daily routine, rites, customs, rituals and habits. The book explores how the small things affect people's behaviour and their lives. During that time in India, class was a major issue and still is in many parts of India. Inferiority complex is clearly visible in the interactions between Untouchables and Touchables in Ayemenem. The novel also shows that The Untouchables were considered polluted beings. Betrayal is also a constant theme in this story. Love, ideals, and confidence are all forsaken, consciously and unconsciously, innocently and maliciously, and these deceptions affect all of the characters deeply.
Memory and Oral Testimony in Agatha Christie’s Elephants Can Remember
Authors: Cherian Bendy Ann
Published: June 2020

Detection is a serious venture that depends heavily on oral testimonies and evidence. While partaking in the process of detection, the detective and the ones who testify put their capacity to think and memorise to test. Oral testimonies of people who witness or narrate the same event may vary due to the variations in the person- specific performance of the faculty of memory. The various functions of memory will also define and re- define a person’s knowledge about another person or an event. This paper is an attempt to trace such patterns of memory and oral testimony that decides the course of the detection of an event that happened much earlier, as portrayed in Agatha Christie’s Elephants Can Remember.Detection is a serious venture that depends heavily on oral testimonies and evidence. While partaking in the process of detection, the detective and the ones who testify put their capacity to think and memorise to test. Oral testimonies of people who witness or narrate the same event may vary due to the variations in the person- specific performance of the faculty of memory. The various functions of memory will also define and re- define a person’s knowledge about another person or an event. This paper is an attempt to trace such patterns of memory and oral testimony that decides the course of the detection of an event that happened much earlier, as portrayed in Agatha Christie’s Elephants Can Remember.
Indexing and Reviewing: Concept and Its Practice
Authors: Banadka Akshatha
Published: June 2020

Indexing is a crucial factor that helps journal to reach out a larger audience and achieve reputation by standing out from the rest that are crowding in publication space. This article helps gaining an understanding on the concept of indexing, its history, its practices, the major indexing agencies and the indexing parameters. The paper also discusses on the different review methods adopted by journals and the concept of open access journals.
Significance of E-Learning Tools in Teaching English
Authors: Latha Dr. K
Published: June 2020

We are living in a world where technology is omnipresent. Due to the ubiquitous presence of technology the pedagogy of teaching methodology has also undergone a sea-change. The phrase “e-Learning” or “Technology in Education” has become the buzz word in every educational environment. Infusing technology into education is really important as it caters the needs of the contemporary learners. The classroom environment, today, is completely different from the conventional classroom. The traditional methods, which are mainly based on lecturing and rote learning reduce, English language learning to mechanical memorization and miserably fail in developing English language as a skill among the learners. New technologies like Internet, YouTube, Skype, tweeter, blogs, mobile phones, interactive boards and many more have added not only stimulus but also learners’ communication and true interactivity within the classroom. Learning is, of course, the main purpose of education. It is the goal of every student and the task of every teacher to increase knowledge and understanding in the classroom. The teachers can engage the learners to become skilled at English Language by using the innovative ELT techniques like English songs, movie clippings, dramatics, advertisements, sports commentaries and many more. This paper stresses on the need to make English language lessons easy and enjoyable through innovative ELT methods. This is done first by giving a brief review about the traditional teaching methods in India and further the focus will be on instilling Information and Communications technologies (ICT) tools in ELT. Thus this study confers the availability of various tools of ICT and their practical uses.
Cultural Spectrum in Arvind Adiga’s Selection Days
Authors: Yadav Ankur
Published: June 2020

Cultural Studies have played a pivotal role in understanding and evaluating the power dynamics of the social, political, economic and ethical world order by empirically engaging and focusing on the present-day culture, tracing its historical roots and explicating its attributes with reference to a particular literary text and its reception in a society. Arvind Adiga, the Man-Booker Prize winning Indo-Australian author, in Selection Day, has adroitly detailed how cricket as an individual entity impacts the cultural phenomena of a society by confronting its inherent myriad issues. The narrative delves deep into the lives of two siblings – Radha and Manju, witnesses the dramatic turnaround of events and tries to capture the themes of unfulfilled desires and preordained destinies. The novel also explores how the sport holds different meanings and significance for different characters, each of whom view the game in the light of their own ideology. The author foresees and sensitizes the theme of homosexuality, which is still a taboo and been unheard of, within the sports fraternity. Adiga’s critique of the parental felony, embodied in Mohan Kumar, and its repercussions is the most compelling theme at the heart of this work of fiction. Selection Day powerfully binds together the societal phenomena of class construction, unquenchable thirst for money, sexual orientations and ideologies with a single thread and studies how culture, in itself, is an ever-evolving phenomenon.
Jasmine’s Travail from Widowhood to Selfhood in Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine.
Authors: Saha Shukla
Published: June 2020

Bharati Mukherjee happens to be a prominent Asian American writer who has in her works vividly represented the experiences of Asian immigrants and the evolution of their migrant selves in America.Her works reflect both, her pride in her Indian heritage and also her earnestness for embracing the new world, America.

Mukherjee’s much acclaimed novel Jasmine depicts the story of a young Punjabi woman who dares to rebel against the norms of patriarchy since her childhood. Her stifling experiences of leading the life of a widow in a small Indian village of Hasnapur doesn’t dent her spirit as she dares to sail on her own as an illegal immigrant to the United States on a mission to perform ritual Sati on the campus where her dead husband had enrolled to study. The problems of acculturation drags immigrants like her into an identity crisis. But it does not deter her, as she continuously strives to refashion herself to fit into the mainstream American culture. In this context, the paper attempts to explore how the feminist protagonist, Jasmine, through her shifting identities rediscovers her own independent self by assimilating into the land of opportunity, i.e., America.
Oroonoko: Royal or Slave; Bakhtinian Reading of Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko
Authors: Sehat Ma’soome , Hedeshi Alireza Qadiri
Published: June 2020

Having had its protagonist in a carnivalistic world, Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko provides a polyphonic atmosphere in which different attitudes toward colonization can be heard. Oroonoko, who used to be the prince of Coramantien, is doomed to live as a slave in Surinam; a British colony. This degradation, beside other elements of Bakhtinian carnivalesque, makes his language a unique one, belonging neither to aristocrats anymore nor to the slaves, but simultaneously representing both. The subtitle of the story, The Royal Slave, can be implied as referring to this paradox. Additionally, his relationship with the slave society lets their different beliefs and ideas be revealed to the reader despite the author’s will. Aphra Behn, the author, intends to impose her monolithic view on the readers. As a Tory proponent of her time, she defends the colonization and tries her best not to stand against. She attempts to portray her protagonist as the one who believes in social hierarchy; what defines a gentleman from the narrator’s viewpoint. On the surface, Aphra Behn and her hero seem to be of the same opinion toward monarchy and accordingly its policies. They both respect it and believe in its need for the society. A Bakhtinian reading, however, can disclose other massages. Adding to all that, having employed first point of view as the narrator, Behn provides an opportunity for herself to enforce her political attitude to the story. All miscellaneous details of the story are under the control of this monolithic voice. Therefore other characters including the hero can speak only after her permission. Nevertheless, the scope of the novel does not let her be meticulous enough and sporadically, other voices can be heard from different lines of the story. The Bakhtinian reading of this story can bring these hidden voices to the surface.
Performance Evaluation of Thermo Chemical Behavior of PCI Under Optimal Conditions
Authors: Kumar Upendra , Patidar Avinash
Published: June 2020

In this study, a three-dimensional mathematical model is used to simulate the flow and thermo chemical behavior of the enhanced operation of PCI Victorian lignite under optimal FC conditions. The geometry of the model includes a lance, a blowtorch, a nozzle, a track and a coke bed at the bottom of a BF. Under the same operating conditions, the highest temperature in the main coal pavilion is observed in the brindled lignite container due to its higher volatile matter content. Injecting lignite into briquettes can achieve a higher overall combustion value than the semi-coke container and the carbon container in the ducting. The comparison confirms the possibility of replacing the replacement coal with PCI coal with an improved lignite, as it shows a very similar evolution of the combustion characteristics under the same operating conditions.
Time-varying risk aversion and the profitability of momentum trades
Authors: Demirer Riza , Jategaonkar Shrikant
Published: June 2020

We show that time-varying risk aversion serves as a significant predictor of stock market momentum in the U.S. and globally. Risk aversion is found to be a robust predictor of momentum returns even after controlling for various well established stock market predictors and absorbs the predictive power of market volatility. The findings imply that momentum strategies can be enhanced by conditioning trades on the degree of risk aversion in the marketplace.
Tarımda Sosyal Girişimciliğe Yönelik Kavramsal Bir Analiz
Authors: ESMER Yusuf , ÇINAR Döndü
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Girişimcilik, bir faaliyet alanında üretim faktörlerini bir araya getirerek ülkelerin ekonomik ve sosyal yönden gelişim gösterebilmelerinden daha fazlasını ifade eden bir kavramdır. Yalnızca ticari ve endüstri alanları için düşünülen girişimcilik olgusu tarım sektörü için değerlendirilmeyip bu durum aynı zamanda çiftçilerin ve tarımsal üreticilerin kendilerini birer girişimci olarak görmemelerine neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda tarım sektöründe de diğer sektörlerde olduğu gibi girişimcilerin olduğu düşünülerek bunların tarımsal girişimci adı altında değerlendirilmeleri ve desteklenmeleri gerekmektedir. Diğer yandan tarım kırsal kesimlerin en önemli geçim kaynağı olarak görülmekle birlikte tarımın yoksullukla mücadele konusunda önemli bir araç olduğu söylenebilmektedir. Bu durum toplumda yoksulluk gibi maddi ve manevi yönden birtakım sıkıntıları olan kesimler için çözüm üretebilmek adına sosyal girişimci olarak adlandırılan üçüncü sektör örgütlerin ya da kişilerin varlığını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı tarımda sosyal girişimciliğin önemini vurgulamak ve literatüre katkı sağlamaktır.   Tasarım/metodoloji/yaklaşım: Bu çalışmada ikincil verilerden hareketle tarımsal sosyal girişimciliğe yönelik kavramsal bir analiz yapılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle tarımsal girişimcilik kavramı açıklanmış, sonrasında tarımsal sosyal girişimcilik olgusu ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir.Bulgular: Kavramsal analiz sonucunda tarım sektörünün ekonomik yönünün yanında sosyal yönünün de olduğu vurgulanarak sosyal tarım uygulamalarına ağırlık verilmesi gerektiği ve yoksulluk gibi önemli sosyal problemlerle mücadele etmek adına tarım sektörünün geliştirilmesi için tarımsal sosyal girişimcilerin varlığına ihtiyaç duyulduğu belirlenmiştir.Özgünlük/değer: Bu çalışma sosyal girişimciliğin diğer sektörlerde olduğu gibi tarım için de önemli bir faktör olduğunu ve kırsal kesimlerde yoksullukla mücadele konusunda önemli bir araç olduğunu ortaya koyması açısından değerlidir.
Convergence of Agricultural Sector, Non-Agricultural Sector, Public Expenditures and Migration in Turkey: A Spatial Panel Approach
Authors: ÇINAR İbrahim Tuğrul , SAĞDIÇ Ersin Nail
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial dimensions of the convergence process in the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, public expenditures, and migration in 81 provinces of Turkey for the 2008-2018 period.Design/methodology/approach: For this purpose, spatial panel data estimation methodology with Driscoll-Kraay estimator is used to capture the effect of space, which is a necessary condition to prevent biased estimates of convergence.Findings: It is clear that structural problems in the agricultural sector restrict interaction with the non-agricultural sector in the provinces and this limits the convergence effect on the agricultural sector. Limited convergence in agricultural sector causes continued income gap between rich and poor provinces in Turkey. In addition to this, migration from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector has an impact on the convergence of both sectors between provinces. Moreover, public expenditures appears to have no direct, indirect or total effect on both agriculture and non-agricultural sectors.Originality/value: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show the spatial dimensions of convergence at sectoral level for provinces of Turkey with relation to public expenditures and migration across agricultural and non-agricultural sectors.
COMMUTERS’ TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS, MODAL CHOICE AND PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPTIONS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
Authors: Alade Wale , Olaseni Mobolaji , Adeniji Olufemi
Published: June 2020

In the past decade-plus there has been a paucity of comparative studies of the performance of public transport options in Lagos. This study evaluates commuters’ access to public transport modes (yellow bus, BRT and ferry), trip characteristics, factors influencing choice of, and the performance of each mode in Lagos to establish improvement priorities. Research data was obtained from 124 commuters through close-ended questionnaire at selected terminals on a major corridor during the morning peak period using incidental sampling technique. The performance of public transport modes was measured using seven variables on a 5-point rating scale. Analysis of variance show significant variation in commuters’ trip cost to terminals. The BRT is the most affordable with respect to fare but has the worst boarding delay occurrence, the ferry is the most efficient with respect to trip time while 45% of yellow bus passengers spend more than one hour per trip. From the linear regression results, delay time at the terminals, travel time and travel cost to destinations accounted for about 55.8% of the total variance in the preferred mode of travel. From the relative performance analysis results, the BRT has the highest mean performance index of 3.72, followed by ferry (3.01) and the yellow bus (2.62). These findings facilitate our understanding of factors influencing the performance and choice of public transport modes in Lagos while providing insights into areas needing attention for improvement. Based on these findings, the study recommended the provision of more BRT buses to reduce the waiting time at terminals, and the review of ferry operations to reduce fare and enhance safety and introduce measures to upscale the services of the for better performance. Future studies should explore commuter waiting and comfort at bus stations and terminals and on-board time use.

Keywords: Commuter; Modal Choice; Public Transport; Travel Behaviour; Mobility; Performance