bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oina as a part of physical education program in Ukraine
Authors:   National Technical University ", Serdechniy Volodymyr ,   Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Polulyaschenko Tetiana ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Dobre Nikolae ,   Romanian Federation of Games, Horvat Iryna-Liuba ,   Union of Ukrainians of Romania, Pavlov Roman ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: September 2023

This article covers the issue of experience exchange, usage of contemporary achievements in the sphere of Physical Education and sport among lecturers and coaches, and it is devoted to the team Romanian game – Ukrainian equivalent team game Gylka – Oina. The author of this article touches the history of creation Oina game, its development and comparison with other national team games where the ball and the bat are included. It is also mentioned about similarities between them and how they affect each other. While researching the historical background of investigation in European countries. In this article it was identified by the author that game Oina is a Romanian national inheritance. It is proved that Oina is available in usage game and at the same time effective tool in Physical education and in sport. In 1899 the first Oina Championship was held in Romania where the contestant teams consisted of senior pupils. It was proved by the author that contemporary game Oina is not the national sport any more it becomes an established kind of sport right now. The Oina tournaments are held not only in Romania but also in neighboring countries, in those countries Federation of Oina sport promotes the creation of public organizations, providing consultations, supporting with sport equipment, literature devoted to this sport, and inviting foreign teams to the competitions which are held on the territory of Romania. The author states and proves the advantages of game Oina, to fulfill the block of team games in Physical education program but also to fulfill the program for schools and it is mentioned that this game can become an integral component of Program of Physical Education and sport of Ukraine “Strategies of development of Physical Education and Sport to the period till 2028”.
Peculiarities of professional training of future officers of the Naval Forces in Italy
Authors:   National University ", Benkovska Nataliia ,   Odessa Maritime Academy", Benkovskyi Serhii ,   Kyiv Institute of the National Guard of Ukraine, Kaznadei Serhii ,   National University "Odessa Maritime Academy"
Published: September 2023

The article provides an analysis of the experience of professional training of future officers of the Italian Navy. On the example of the Naval Academy in Livorno, the educational process of midshipmen has been examined in detail. It has been found that the main goal of education and professional training of midshipmen of the Naval Academy in Livorno is the formation of values of honor and responsibility, which are the main characteristics of all servicemen and officers in particular. It has been noted that the Italian Naval Academy in Livorno provides: 1) basic education and training for future officers of the Italian Navy; 2) specialization courses for the professional training of officers of the Italian Navy and officers of other services. Ways of reforming military education in Ukraine have been also analyzed. A comparative analysis of the organization of educational activities at the Institute of the Naval Forces (Odesa) and the Academy of the Naval Forces of the Italian Republic (Livorno) has been conducted. The educational and professional programs of the Institute of the Naval Forces (Odesa) and the Academy of the Naval Forces of the Italian Republic (Livorno) have been examined. It has been determined that the training of military sailors in Italy and Ukraine has a lot in common, but there are also significant differences between them. It has been found that in both educational institutions the ultimate goal of training is the formation and development of general and professional competencies of future officers of the Naval Forces, who are able to manage military teams and can solve complex special tasks and practical problems of professional activity in the field of operation and combat use of naval weapons. It has been proven that the difference is in the ways and means of achieving this goal.
Intracompany training and prospects for its use in hotel complexes in Ukraine
Authors:   Sumy National Agrarian University, Kovalenko Oleksandr , Novikova Anna ,   Sumy National Agrarian University
Published: September 2023

In this article, the author states that the competitiveness and successful development of hotel enterprises depends not only on the quality of personnel, but also on the ability to realize the potential of each employee to achieve the strategic goals of the enterprise, therefore, hotel complex enterprises have to constantly search for effective ways of forming and developing personnel potential for the long term. This work also proves that high quality of service at hospitality industry enterprises is provided by professionally trained workers who need constant updating and improvement of their knowledge, skills, and abilities, so the achievement of such goals can be facilitated by comprehensive, well-thought-out, systematic in-house training directly at the workplace. the author of this work also determined that the most effective work on retraining employees can be carried out during the work of one's own training center. The article states that the goals of the hotel-based training center organization are: to increase the efficiency of the hotel enterprise through comprehensive training of senior and middle managers; prepare the company for changes and remove employees' resistance to innovations, making them supporters and active participants of changes; formation of a unified management ideology in the company and a general conceptual apparatus; formation of unified corporate values and corporate culture; generation of ideas, stimulation of continuous development of the organization; teach employees a comprehensive approach to solving work issues that arise in the course of economic activity; to give skills in the practical use of modern approaches to business and realize the company's competitive advantage.
Implementation of modern innovative technologies in the context of professional training for the development of physical culture in institutions of higher pedagogical education
Authors:   Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Kotova Olena , Sopotnytska Olena ,   Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University
Published: September 2023

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the professional training of teachers is one of the most urgent issues of pedagogical science, and the professional training of a future physical education teacher in the new conditions of today is a process of personality formation that occurs in accordance with professional activity. One of the leading trends in the modernization of higher education in Ukraine is increasing attention to the problem of improving its quality. In institutions of higher pedagogical education, there is a problem of organizing an educational process focused on a student-centered approach, high-quality professional training of students, in particular: mastering professional knowledge, abilities and skills, personal and professional qualities, which will allow students of higher pedagogical education to use modern teaching tools and methods and be focused on successful professional activity with wide access to employment. The new requirements of society provide for the introduction of innovative approaches and non-standard methods in the entire educational process, and in the field of physical education – the development and use of innovative means and modern health technologies and fitness programs. The main resource for the implementation of innovative technologies in the process of physical education is the physical culture teacher of the educational institution. While building his knowledge system, a modern teacher must possess innovative technologies, modern fitness technologies, navigate a wide range of modern innovations and be able to implement them in the educational process.
Using a novel breathable silicone adhesive (Sil2 technology) in stoma appliances to improve peristomal skin health: answering the key questions
Authors: Le Ber Fiona
Published: September 2023

Fiona Le Ber answers some of the questions that stoma care nurses may have regarding this novel silicone adhesive based technology, which helps to avoid medical adhesive related skin injury (MARSI) and moisture-associated skin damage (MASD). Whereas hydrocolloid stoma appliances absorb moisture, this has a non-absorptive method of moisture management that prevents peristomal skin becoming damp and excoriated.
Decision-making in surgical study designs: a proposed decision algorithm to aid in the selection of an appropriate research study design for a given surgical intervention: the PERFECT tool
Authors: Simpson A. H. R. W. , Makaram Navnit S. , Harrison Ewen , Norrie John
Published: September 2023

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(9):598–600.
Design and Experimental Study on a Corn Picking Device Based on the Fracture Mechanics of Corn Peduncle
Authors: Fu Qiankun , Fu Jun , Chen Zhi , Ren Luquan
Published: September 2023

Highlights

This study designed a corn ear picking device to reduce grain loss and corn header power consumption.

The fracture force of corn peduncles under different deflection angles was studied as the basis of the design.

The working parameters were optimized through an orthogonal experiment.

Abstract. In corn ear picking, the corn peduncles are fractured under pure tensile forces. The large force demands in the fracture brought severe grain loss, an enormous instantaneous load, and high power consumption in the corn harvest. In this paper, the fracture behavior of the corn peduncles under different tensile orientations was studied. It showed the fracture force of corn peduncle could be reduced by more than 80% when its fracture mode transformed from tensile fracture to bending fracture as long as the corn ear was deflected to the critical angle of 55°. Based on this, a corn picking device was designed to reduce peduncle fracture force by deflecting corn ears to the critical angle. The optimal parameters of the designed corn picking device were determined as follows: the diameter of the snapping rollers was 20 mm, the rotating speed of the stalk rolls was 700 rpm, and the inclination angle of the corn picking unit was 28.3°. A comparative test between the designed corn picking device and a commonly used corn picking device was performed. It showed the designed corn picking device could reduce grain loss, average power consumption, and peak power. This study will provide a theoretical basis and design reference for corn harvester design to reduce grain loss and power consumption. Keywords: Corn ear picking, Corn harvest, Corn harvester header, Fracture force, Fracture mechanics, Grain loss, Power consumption.
Drying and Quality Characteristics of Whole Jujubes Subjected to Air Assisted Radio Frequency Heating
Authors: Li Rui , Ni Bo , Yang Gaoji , Xu Juanjuan , Wang Kunhua , Guan Xiangyu , Wang Shaojin
Published: September 2023

Highlights

The effect of air temperature and electrode gap (EG) on RF drying efficiency was evaluated.

Drying rate (Dr), the mathematical modeling of drying curves, heating uniformity, effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (Deff), and quality parameters after drying were analyzed.

Drying rate was accelerated by reducing EG or increasing air temperature under EG RF drying.

The trend of heating uniformity was the same as that of Deff value.

The evaluated quality parameters of treated whole jujubes showed that 40°C air assisted 17 cm EG RF drying had the best quality.

Abstract. This study aims to investigate the drying and quality characteristics of whole jujubes heated by air assisted radio frequency (RF) energy. The effect of air temperature and electrode gap (EG) on RF drying efficiency was evaluated. The drying rate (Dr), the mathematical modeling of drying curves, heating uniformity, effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (Deff), and quality parameters after drying were analyzed. The results showed that under the conditions of 30°C air temperature or 17 cm EG RF drying, Dr was accelerated by reducing EG from 18 cm to 16 cm or increasing air temperature from 20°C to 40°C. The Midilli model had the best fitting to drying curves under 30°C RF treatments with 16 cm, 17 cm, and 18 cm EG, and 40°C RF heating with 17 cm EG conditions. But the Logarithmic model was better for 20°C air assisted 17 cm EG RF heating due to the largest R2 with lowest RMSE. The largest Deff value was shown at 40°C air assisted 17 cm EG RF drying, followed by 30°C air assisted 16 cm, 17 cm, and 18 cm EG RF heating, and 20°C air assisted 17 cm EG RF drying. The trend of heating uniformity was the same as that of the Deff value. The evaluated quality parameters of treated whole jujubes showed that 40°C air assisted 17 cm EG RF drying had the best quality. Therefore, 40°C air assisted 17 cm EG RF heating was chosen for drying jujubes due to its faster drying rate and better quality. Keywords: Air temperature, Drying characteristics, Jujube; Quality, Radio frequency heating.
Introduction: Victim journeys, survivors’ voice
Authors: Lazzarino Runa , Julia J. , Vaughn Emily , Murphy Carole
Published: September 2023

A key challenge of this book project has been to weave in and bring to the fore victims/survivors’ voice in trying to respond to the necessity for greater and better collaborative knowledge production and service design in critical modern slavery and human trafficking (MSHT) studies. In this respect, the co-authorship of the introduction with an international (J. Julia) and a domestic (Emily) survivor serves a few ends. Firstly, it constitutes a tangible effort to participatory knowledge production. Secondly, this experiment tends towards overcoming survivors’ voice as tokenism. A third purpose of having a co-created storytelling at the onset of the collection is of standing as a more classic introduction, and of gluing the three sections and the chapters of the volume together. Finally, the first-person storytelling aims to point to the current dearth of survivors’ participation in both knowledge- and practice-production in MSHT studies and systems. Accordingly, this introduction first travels through our collaborative victim journey, which will serve to present the three sections and 13 chapters of the volume. After, we offer a quick overview of the state-of-the-art of survivors’ participation in MSHT studies, accompanied by some self-reflective considerations on how to contribute to de-Westernise/decolonise the discourse of MSHT.
7 Racialising and criminalising vulnerable migrants: the case of human trafficking and modern slavery
Authors: Samota Neena , Ariyo Debbie
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that race remains implicit, rather than explicit, in the modern slavery and human trafficking discourse in the UK. This reflects a race equity deficit in the statutory and non-statutory sectors wherein racism remains a significant and unresolved problem. Despite being serious crimes that violate human rights, modern slavery and human trafficking are sites to interrogate racial disparities. Drawing from the advocacy work of the charity AFRUCA, we present the case study of Jane, the pseudonym of a survivor. Three themes are discussed, stemming from Jane’s experience: exclusion and under-protection; not being believed by authorities; cultural oppression and dehumanisation. Jane’s case is used to illustrate processes of racialisation and criminalisation that further marginalise young Black children and women victims of trafficking, like Jane. The discussion is rooted in critical race theory and ‘crimmigration’ to highlight ongoing structural racial inequalities in state institutions and processes to argue that law enforcement practices exacerbate the vulnerability of Black migrant children and women. The authors urge law enforcement agencies and the anti-trafficking organisations to improve community engagement practices to address racial inequities and to protect and safeguard Black children and women from exploitation.
Victims perpetrating a crime: a critique of responses to criminal exploitation and modern slavery in the UK
Authors: Barlow Craig H.
Published: September 2023

The Modern Slavery Act 2015 is a new criminal law encapsulating the British government’s determination to lead the world in combating modern slavery. In this chapter, I initially offer a broad overview of relevant tools in relation to forms of slavery and human trafficking, in order to provide the background that underpins the UK response. In the following sections, I argue that the Act, together with the whole UK strategy against organised crime, is not reaching its ambitions. This is because there is a failure to integrate civil and criminal legal instruments, as well as statutory safeguarding systems and investigative procedures, to address the problem as an output of systematic abuse and organised crime. The predicament of criminally exploited people is that they are victims who are perpetrating a crime. Investigation therefore needs to be conducted cooperatively between law enforcement and social care agencies. I critically evaluate policies and safeguarding responses. I identify how implementation of existing tools can be improved by developing theory-informed and integrated policy and practices. This chapter is rooted in my research using complex systems theory to develop a theoretical model, as well as in my practice experience as a professional investigator and expert witness to the criminal and civil courts.
Using relationalism to navigate wicked issues: investing for a ‘relational dividend’?
Authors: Simmons Richard , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores how notions of orientation and navigation might contribute in practice to the governance of contemporary policymaking problems. Further, focusing in particular on the main topics for this book, it seeks to understand the role and potential of relationalism with regard to wicked issues and the social determinants of health. It asks: what mechanisms can be put in place to help policymakers navigate this terrain, develop clearer understandings and more effective responses?
This chapter argues that the nature of wicked problems, including those relating to the social determinants of health, often means that they must be continually ‘navigated’ rather than ‘solved’.
Case study: COVID-19 and increased vulnerabilities to human trafficking and modern slavery – perspectives from India and Nepal
Authors: Gurung Tribeni , Lo Nishan , Kunga Lallian , Lama Vijaya , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

This case study explores the impact of COVID-19 on communities in Nepal and North East India and how the pandemic has increased vulnerabilities to modern slavery and human trafficking. It is an accumulation of our own personal reflections of what we have experienced and observed during the COVID-19 pandemic in our country contexts. Responding to modern slavery and human trafficking during this time has never been so difficult. Despite lockdowns implemented in our respective contexts, we have continued responding to modern slavery and human trafficking, as we recognise the urgency and severity it brings in an emergency.
Creating added value: the third sector, local and national government working together to address domestic abuse
Authors: Hodge Emily , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the wicked issue of domestic abuse and the complex challenges faced by those providing support to people affected, including victim survivors, children and perpetrators. It has long been known that domestic abuse is an impossible issue to address. Decades of changing political agendas combined with austerity have not only meant that legislation, funding and strategic frameworks have not reflected frontline work and the needs of communities in relation to domestic abuse, but have created barriers to addressing the root cause of domestic abuse, which is so often the root cause of all other types of abuse. This chapter identifies the roles of, and relationships between, sectors and organisations in addressing domestic abuse, and argues that partnership and a coordinated community response from strategic through to local levels are the only true way to address domestic abuse.
Researching and Writing Differently
Authors: Boncori Ilaria
Published: September 2023

In a neoliberal academia dominated by masculine ideals of measurement and performance, it is becoming more important than ever to develop alternative ways of researching and writing.
This powerful new book gives voice to non-conforming narratives, suggesting innova-tive, messy and nuanced ways of organizing the reading and writing of scholarship in manage-ment and organization studies. In doing so it spotlights how different methods and ap-proaches can represent voices of inequality and reveal previously silenced topics.
Informed by feminist and critical perspectives, this will be an invaluable resource for current and future scholars in management and organ-ization studies and other social sciences.
Torture and Torturous Violence
Authors: Canning Victoria
Published: September 2023

There is growing recognition that torture is very narrowly defined in domestic and international laws, and that the endemic nature of psychological and/or sexualised violence against women is not adequately recognized as torture. Concretely defining torturous violence, this book offers scholars and practitioners a nuanced way to critically reflect on how torture is defined, and the implications that narrow definitions may have on survivors. Drawing on over a decade of research and interviews with psychologists and women seeking asylum, it sets out the implications of social silencing of torture in its narrowest sense, and torturous violence more broadly. It invites us to consider alternative ways to understand and address the impacts of such endemic physical, sexualised and psychological abuses.
Humour and Politics in Africa
Authors: Hammett Daniel , Martin Laura S. , Nwankwo Izuu
Published: September 2023

Humour and Politics in Africa provides an innovative analysis of the diversity and complexity of humour – and its political significance – across Africa. This political significance, the book argues, goes beyond the framing of humour-as-resistance. As the book explores, humour is used for – and does – a vast array of political work that may be viewed as progressive, regressive, as a form of resistance, a form of coping or a means of expressing solidarity. Thinking about humour’s interconnections with both tangible and intangible forms of power, the book explores how humour is entwined with political work in more-than symbolic ways, with potentially significant implications for the jokers, their audiences and the subjects of the jokes and satire. This approach reminds us of the importance of understanding not only the context within which joking occurs, but also the agency of not only of the joker, their audiences and the subjects of their humour – but of the joke itself. Ultimately, this book argues, it is the power relations that frame the practice of humour that create multiple opportunities for jokes and satire to be used for, or understood as doing, political work.
Conclusion
Authors: Leonardsson Hanna
Published: September 2023

This chapter concludes the volume and brings together the argument of service-delivery, local interactions and vertical relationships as peacebuilding functions and local governments as actors in long-term local peacebuilding. Picking up on the particularities in the three municipalities, the chapter argues that the municipalities of Tyre, Bourj Hammoud and Saida play different roles and promote different types of peace(s). Tyre, through its close collaboration with national and international actors for local developments, grounds externally decided peacebuilding practices but does not autonomously drive local development. Bourj Hammoud, closely connected to the Armenian local majority, and a representative of the Armenian national minority, is a central actor in local peacebuilding for the Armenian community, while a marginal actor for other local communities. Saida works closely with national and international actors and successfully promotes local peacebuilding through these relationships. However, through its focus on visible projects such as the waste management plant and infrastructural developments, Saida is a partial actor in local peacebuilding, demonstrating its engineering skills but leaving social needs to other actors. Through an empirical exploration of local peacebuilding arguments in Lebanese municipalities, the book concludes that while municipalities have a role to play, their role is particular in each case. As this book shows, local government involvement is always contextual and political, performed through structures, activities and relationships, producing particular types of peace(s) on the ground.
Introduction
Authors: Hof Helena
Published: September 2023

The introduction presents the European millennial subjects of the book. It coins the term of the EU Generation in order to capture the commonalities of the group: their middle-class backgrounds and upbringing with the ideals of intra-European mobility in the integrating EU of the early 2000s. The chapter explains the concepts of mobility, immobility and aspirations in the life course as a segue into the way middle-class dispositions and aspirations shape the trajectories of this migrant group. The chapter then considers the migrant destinations of Singapore and Tokyo as cities defying the binary of East versus West and ends with a note on the research design and data.
A Hierarchical Vision of Order
Authors: Roth Antoine
Published: September 2023

This book examines China’s designs for a hierarchical international order in Asia that would solidify its central place in the region. It traces the roots of China’s vision of order to its traditional political thought and argues that practices from its imperial past find clear echoes in its contemporary foreign policy. The book identifies five core tenets grounded in ancient philosophical traditions with relevance today, namely a sense of responsibility for the maintenance of international order, the association of order with hierarchy understood as the rationalization of natural inequalities between states, a claim to moral superiority to justify China’s dominant position, the maintenance of hierarchical order through the imposition of a code of ‘proper’ and ‘improper’ conduct on smaller states, and the mobilization of three tools of statecraft – mastery of language, the awesomeness derived from military might, and the ability to offer material benefits to followers – to enforce compliance with this code of conduct. This book examines how those tenets informed Chinese statecraft during the imperial era, the form in which they survived the country’s traumatic encounter with the expanding Western society of states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the ways they still shape the foreign policy of the People’s Republic of China. It argues that Xi Jinping has enthusiastically embraced those long-standing traditions and sought to put them into practice with unprecedented vigour so as to obtain the deference of China’s neighbours and recover its ‘natural’ role of overseer of international order in Asia.
Introduction
Authors: Martell Luke
Published: September 2023

The introduction sets out the aim of the book to go beyond critique of present society and look for alternatives. It outlines: the breadth of alternatives covered, in theory and practice, current and future; the thrust of the book in going beyond polarizations and dichotomies and its argument for pluralism and complexity in pursuing alternatives; the emphasis on socialism as coming out of the many alternatives but also how socialism is pursued in the book, seeing the need for a pluralist and liberal approach. The introduction explains why the following themes were chosen for more in-depth analysis: utopianism, socialism, the democratic economy, and local/global levels. The chapter outlines how the book is international, discussing alternatives at a global level and located and relevant internationally, including in the Global South. The introduction also outlines how the book is designed for students and lay readers as well as experts.
Introduction
Authors: Onuf Nicholas Greenwood
Published: September 2023

The Introduction to this collection of essays proceeds in three sections. The first draws on Jacques Derrida and draws attention to margins and marginality, thereby situating the author as negligent essayist and unrepentant systematizer, theory as margin-making, and the field of International Relations at the margins of the social sciences. The second section assays the author’s enduring preoccupation with cognitive faculties, materiality, the universality of human experience, metaphors and models in social construction, causality in relation to potentiality and obligation, agents and their powers, duty and the common good, the rise and decline of the modern world—all in relation to the author’s much cited work on world-making. The last section suggests that the volume’s essays, as ordered, tell a story about the author’s unswerving commitment to theory and theorizing over six decades.
Slavery and Black Labour in a St. Mary’s Bay Acadian Family, 1786–1840
Authors: Gaudet Colby
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Des documents laissés par un missionnaire catholique français et un capitaine acadien de navire marchand qui avait des liens avec les Antilles ont révélé que des Noirs furent réduits à l’esclavage et engagés dans d’autres relations de travail non libres par un réseau d’Acadiens de premier plan. Analysées et mises en dialogue avec des études de portée plus large portant sur l’esclavage dans les Maritimes et le silence de la mémoire collective acadienne, ces sources placent deux chefs de file bien connus de la communauté acadienne aux côtés d’autres propriétaires d’esclaves loyalistes dans les premiers temps de la Nouvelle-Écosse. Les héritiers de ces deux hommes ont signé une pétition adressée à l’Assemblée législative de la province en 1807 pour assurer que des esclaves demeuraient leur propriété, à une époque où, par ailleurs, le sentiment anti-esclavagiste et la politique abolitionniste gagnaient en influence dans l’Empire britannique. Documents left by a French Roman Catholic missionary and an Acadian merchant captain with Caribbean connections have revealed that Black people were enslaved by, and in other unfree and labouring relations with, a prominent Acadian network. Analyzed and placed into conversation with broader studies of Maritime slavery and the silences of Acadian public memory, these sources position two well-known Acadian community leaders alongside other Loyalist slaveholders in early Nova Scotia. The heirs of these two men signed an 1807 petition to the provincial legislature to secure their property in slaves at a time when anti-slavery sentiment and abolitionist policy were otherwise gaining influence in the British Empire.
After the Escuminac Disaster: Poverty and Paternalism in Miramichi Bay, New Brunswick
Authors: Rudin Ronald
Published: September 2023

Abstract: En juin 1959, la flottille de pêche partie du quai d’Escuminac, dans le nord-est du Nouveau-Brunswick, fut frappée par un ouragan qui causa la mort de 35 hommes. Le désastre d’Escuminac, l’une des pires catastrophes de l’histoire de la province à s’être produites dans le cadre du travail, engendra de grandes difficultés pour les personnes à charge que ces pêcheurs laissèrent derrière eux et dont les ressources étaient limitées. En réponse, des dirigeants de la province, tant laïques que religieux, constituèrent Le fonds de secours du désastre maritime du Nouveau-Brunswick. Les administrateurs du fonds, pour la plupart des anglophones bien nantis, eurent du mal à comprendre les stratégies de survie employées par les familles, qui étaient pauvres et dont bon nombre étaient acadiennes. Abstract: In June 1959, the fishing fleet leaving from the wharf at Escuminac in northeastern New Brunswick was struck by a hurricane resulting in the deaths of 35 men. The Escuminac Disaster was one of the worst work-related disasters in the province’s history, creating a significant challenge for dependents left behind with limited resources. In response, provincial leaders–both secular and religious–created the New Brunswick Fishermen’s Disaster Fund. The administrators of the fund, mostly well-to-do and English-speaking, exhibited great difficulty in understanding the survival strategies employed by families, all of whom were poor and many of whom were Acadian.
Surviving "Certain Death": Narrational Reliability in American Motion Picture Serial Cliffhangers of the Golden Age
Authors: Allison Deborah
Published: September 2023

abstract: American sound serial chapter endings frequently placed the protagonist(s) in mortal peril before the following week's installment would reveal how they evaded seemingly certain death. Frequently relying on audience memory lapse, these solutions, or "take-outs," did not always play fair. Drawing on a 20 percent sample of golden age serials (1936–1945), I analyze the narrational methods and reliability of cliffhangers and their take-outs. I propose that there are three key strategies, which I term sequential, augmented , and incompatible . I show how these categories move progressively further from the cliffhanger's nineteenth-century literary precedents and from conventions of classical Hollywood narration alike.
The Authoritarian Data Problem
Authors: Yang Eddie , Roberts Margaret E.
Published: September 2023

Abstract: As the race to develop artificial intelligence (AI) accelerates, access to more and higher quality data is becoming increasingly crucial for AI systems. Yet the search for more data for AI facilitates information flow between authoritarian and democratic states in a way that has important implications for the behavior and output of AI. In particular, the homogenization of data, through institutions such as censorship and propaganda in authoritarian regimes can influence the output of AI developed in democracies. On the other hand, data from democracies provide valuable information for AI that is used for repressive purposes in authoritarian regimes. The authors call for greater scholarly and policy attention on the dual effect of the two-way AI-mediated data flow between democratic and authoritarian states and lay out a research agenda that would enable us to better understand the political influences on AI.
Reimagining Democracy for AI
Authors: Ovadya Aviv
Published: September 2023

Abstract: AI advances are shattering assumptions that both our democracies and our international order rely on. Reinventing our "democratic infrastructure" is thus critically necessary—and the author argues that it is also possible. Four interconnected and accelerating democratic paradigm shifts illustrate the potential: representative deliberations, AI augmentation, democracy-as-a-service, and platform democracy. Such innovations provide a viable path toward not just reimagining traditional democracies but enabling the transnational and even global democratic processes critical for addressing the broader challenges posed by destabilizing AI advances—including those relating to AI alignment and global agreements. We can and must rapidly invest in such democratic innovation if we are to ensure that our democratic capacity increases with our power.
Critical Caste Studies and the Politics of Translating Dalit Literature
Authors: Brueck Laura
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Laura Brueck looks at the emerging field of critical caste studies being supported by institutions across the United States and how the studying of Dalit literature from South Asia can have a role in the examination of the history of race and/as caste in the United States. Brueck also looks at the ways that these literatures can be ‘translated’ in more than one way.
Variability Patterns in Self-Authorship Trajectories: Complicating Understanding of Development
Authors: King Patricia M. , Perez Rosemary J. , Barber James P.
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This descriptive qualitative study identified variability patterns in students' self-authoring capacities during college. To do so, we developed a procedure for examining shifts in students' self-authorship positions between each of four years of college; these were identified through annual interviewswith 131 students from six colleges or universities. Although virtually all students developed toward self-authorship, steady development each year was relatively rare, and occurrences of both stasis and regression were quite common, suggesting that development is more variable than consistent or linear. We also explored differences by race/ethnicity and gender and discussed implications for educators.
Focus enhancement in long schlieren imaging systems using corrector lenses
Authors: Torres Sivana M. , D’Orazio Maria N. , Hargather Michael J.
Published: September 2023

Long schlieren imaging systems, where the parallel light test section
is longer than the focal length of the focusing schlieren optics, have
a limited region in the test section in which any occluding object,
such as a wind tunnel model, is in focus in the schlieren image.
Corrector lenses are introduced here to alter the location in the test
section where image focus is achieved. Corrector lenses with focal
lengths varying from −1000 to −100mm were studied. Lens-type inline and z-type mirror schlieren systems were
experimentally tested with multiple collecting optic focal lengths to
characterize the changes in focal position. An automated image
processing method was used to determine the plane of best focus from
image sequences. The introduction of the corrector lens was observed
to move the location of best focus within the schlieren system test
section while also causing a decrease in the focal sharpness of the
images and altering the magnification. The thin lens equation was
found to provide a good estimate of the focal location change in the
schlieren imaging systems with the addition of the corrector lens.
Inhibitory feedback from the motor circuit gates mechanosensory processing in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Anuj K. , Tran Andrew , Liu Mochi , Leifer Andrew M.
Published: September 2023

Animals must integrate sensory cues with their current behavioral context to generate a suitable response. How this integration occurs is poorly understood. Previously, we developed high-throughput methods to probe neural activity in populations of Caenorhabditis elegans and discovered that the animal’s mechanosensory processing is rapidly modulated by the animal’s locomotion. Specifically, we found that when the worm turns it suppresses its mechanosensory-evoked reversal response. Here, we report that C. elegans use inhibitory feedback from turning-associated neurons to provide this rapid modulation of mechanosensory processing. By performing high-throughput optogenetic perturbations triggered on behavior, we show that turning-associated neurons SAA, RIV, and/or SMB suppress mechanosensory-evoked reversals during turns. We find that activation of the gentle-touch mechanosensory neurons or of any of the interneurons AIZ, RIM, AIB, and AVE during a turn is less likely to evoke a reversal than activation during forward movement. Inhibiting neurons SAA, RIV, and SMB during a turn restores the likelihood with which mechanosensory activation evokes reversals. Separately, activation of premotor interneuron AVA evokes reversals regardless of whether the animal is turning or moving forward. We therefore propose that inhibitory signals from SAA, RIV, and/or SMB gate mechanosensory signals upstream of neuron AVA. We conclude that C. elegans rely on inhibitory feedback from the motor circuit to modulate its response to sensory stimuli on fast timescales. This need for motor signals in sensory processing may explain the ubiquity in many organisms of motor-related neural activity patterns seen across the brain, including in sensory processing areas.
Highlighter: An optogenetic system for high-resolution gene expression control in plants
Authors: Larsen Bo , Hofmann Roberto , Camacho Ines S. , Clarke Richard W. , Lagarias J Clark , Jones Alex R. , Jones Alexander M.
Published: September 2023

Optogenetic actuators have revolutionized the resolution at which biological processes can be controlled. In plants, deployment of optogenetics is challenging due to the need for these light-responsive systems to function in the context of horticultural light environments. Furthermore, many available optogenetic actuators are based on plant photoreceptors that might crosstalk with endogenous signaling processes, while others depend on exogenously supplied cofactors. To overcome such challenges, we have developed Highlighter, a synthetic, light-gated gene expression system tailored for in planta function. Highlighter is based on the photoswitchable CcaS-CcaR system from cyanobacteria and is repurposed for plants as a fully genetically encoded system. Analysis of a re-engineered CcaS in Escherichia coli demonstrated green/red photoswitching with phytochromobilin, a chromophore endogenous to plants, but also revealed a blue light response likely derived from a flavin-binding LOV-like domain. We deployed Highlighter in transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana for optogenetic control of fluorescent protein expression. Using light to guide differential fluorescent protein expression in nuclei of neighboring cells, we demonstrate unprecedented spatiotemporal control of target gene expression. We implemented the system to demonstrate optogenetic control over plant immunity and pigment production through modulation of the spectral composition of broadband visible (white) light. Highlighter is a step forward for optogenetics in plants and a technology for high-resolution gene induction that will advance fundamental plant biology and provide new opportunities for crop improvement.
Hyperglycemia increases SCO-spondin and Wnt5a secretion into the cerebrospinal fluid to regulate ependymal cell beating and glucose sensing
Authors: Nualart Francisco , Cifuentes Manuel , Ramírez Eder , Martínez Fernando , Barahona María José , Ferrada Luciano , Saldivia Natalia , Bongarzone Ernesto R. , Thorens Bernard , Salazar Katterine
Published: September 2023

Hyperglycemia increases glucose concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), activating glucose-sensing mechanisms and feeding behavior in the hypothalamus. Here, we discuss how hyperglycemia temporarily modifies ependymal cell ciliary beating to increase hypothalamic glucose sensing. A high level of glucose in the rat CSF stimulates glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2)-positive subcommissural organ (SCO) cells to release SCO-spondin into the dorsal third ventricle. Genetic inactivation of mice GLUT2 decreases hyperglycemia-induced SCO-spondin secretion. In addition, SCO cells secrete Wnt5a-positive vesicles; thus, Wnt5a and SCO-spondin are found at the apex of dorsal ependymal cilia to regulate ciliary beating. Frizzled-2 and ROR2 receptors, as well as specific proteoglycans, such as glypican/testican (essential for the interaction of Wnt5a with its receptors) and Cx43 coupling, were also analyzed in ependymal cells. Finally, we propose that the SCO-spondin/Wnt5a/Frizzled-2/Cx43 axis in ependymal cells regulates ciliary beating, a cyclic and adaptive signaling mechanism to control glucose sensing.
A monocarboxylate transporter rescues frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease models
Authors: Xu Dongwei , Vincent Alec , González-Gutiérrez Andrés , Aleyakpo Benjamin , Anoar Sharifah , Giblin Ashling , Atilano Magda L. , Adams Mirjam , Shen Dunxin , Thoeng Annora , Tsintzas Elli , Maeland Marie , Isaacs Adrian M. , Sierralta Jimena , Niccoli Teresa
Published: September 2023

Brains are highly metabolically active organs, consuming 20% of a person’s energy at resting state. A decline in glucose metabolism is a common feature across a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Another common feature is the progressive accumulation of insoluble protein deposits, it’s unclear if the two are linked. Glucose metabolism in the brain is highly coupled between neurons and glia, with glucose taken up by glia and metabolised to lactate, which is then shuttled via transporters to neurons, where it is converted back to pyruvate and fed into the TCA cycle for ATP production. Monocarboxylates are also involved in signalling, and play broad ranging roles in brain homeostasis and metabolic reprogramming. However, the role of monocarboxylates in dementia has not been tested. Here, we find that increasing pyruvate import inDrosophilaneurons by over-expression of the transporterbumpel, leads to a rescue of lifespan and behavioural phenotypes in fly models of both frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The rescue is linked to a clearance of late stage autolysosomes, leading to degradation of toxic peptides associated with disease. We propose upregulation of pyruvate import into neurons as potentially a broad-scope therapeutic approach to increase neuronal autophagy, which could be beneficial for multiple dementias.
Individual interactions in a multi-country implementation-focused quality of care network for maternal, newborn and child health: A social network analysis
Authors: Mukinda Fidele Kanyimbu , Djellouli Nehla , Akter Kohenour , Sarker Mithun , Tufa Asebe Amenu , Mwandira Kondwani , Seruwagi Gloria , Kyamulabi Agnes , Mwaba Kasonde , Marchant Tanya , Shawar Yusra R. , English Mike , Namakula Hilda , Gonfa Geremew ,   QCN Evaluation Group, Colbourn Tim , Kinney Mary V.
Published: September 2023

The Network for Improving Quality of Care for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (QCN) was established to build a cross-country platform for joint-learning around quality improvement implementation approaches to reduce mortality. This paper describes and explores the structure of the QCN in four countries and at global level. Using Social Network Analysis (SNA), this cross-sectional study maps the QCN networks at global level and in four countries (Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Malawi and Uganda) and assesses the interactions among actors involved. A pre-tested closed-ended structured questionnaire was completed by 303 key actors in early 2022 following purposeful and snowballing sampling. Data were entered into an online survey tool, and exported into Microsoft Excel for data management and analysis. This study received ethical approval as part of a broader evaluation. The SNA identified 566 actors across the four countries and at global level. Bangladesh, Malawi and Uganda had multiple-hub networks signifying multiple clusters of actors reflecting facility or district networks, whereas the network in Ethiopia and at global level had more centralized networks. There were some common features across the country networks, such as low overall density of the network, engagement of actors at all levels of the system, membership of related committees identified as the primary role of actors, and interactions spanning all types (learning, action and information sharing). The most connected actors were facility level actors in all countries except Ethiopia, which had mostly national level actors. The results reveal the uniqueness and complexity of each network assessed in the evaluation. They also affirm the broader qualitative evaluation assessing the nature of these networks, including composition and leadership. Gaps in communication between members of the network and limited interactions of actors between countries and with global level actors signal opportunities to strengthen QCN.