bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ultrasonic Treatment on Electromagnetic Characteristics of Composites Based on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes at Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Dotsenko Olga , Kachusova Anastasia
Published: February 2016

There is a growing demand for light and radar absorbing materials in both commercial and military purposes. In this paper, microwave properties of polimer based composites containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes used as fillers have been analyzed. The multiwall carbon nanotubes used in the composite were about 9.4 nm in diameter. The results show that the ultrasonic treatment modifies the dielectric properties of the composite. Both real and imaginary permittivity of composites is 2 times more than ordinary example after sonicating for 3 minutes.
Study of Nanoinclusions Distribution in 3D Polymer Matrixes Using Electronic and Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Lapin Ivan N.
Published: February 2016

New ZnO nanomaterial was synthesized by laser ablation in liquids. Zinc oxide nanoparticles supported on natural polymer – natural cotton. Antibacterial properties of the composites were investigated. Surface of the material and the distribution of nanoparticles on it were studied using scanning electron microscopy, and confocal scanning microscopy. The possibility of confocal scanning microscopy to distinguish between fluorescent labels such as ZnO.
Study of Localized Plastic Deformation of Hadfield Steel Single Crystals Using Speckle Photography Technique
Authors: Barannikova Svetlana A. , Li Yulia , Malinovsky Anatoly , Pestsov Dmitrii
Published: February 2016

The evolution of local strain during stretching of high-manganese carbon austenite (Hadfield steel) was studied. The ordered patterns of strain localization proved to be closely related to the stages in the stress–strain curve. The results of this study are compared with analogous data for chromium–nickel nitrogen austenite single crystals. The velocity of self-consistent motion of the sites where plastic strain during stretching of gamma-Fe single crystals is nonuniform was determined as a function of the strain hardening coefficient and deformation mechanism.
Description of five new species ofHeliuraButler (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini: Ctenuchina), with discussion onH. pierus(Cramer) and theH. stolli(Rothschild) species group
Authors: Pinheiro Lívia R. , Cerda Jean-Aimé , Duarte Marcelo
Published: February 2016

Fivenew speciesofHeliuraButler (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) are described:H. laguerreiPinheiro and Cerda,H. beneluziPinheiro and Cerda,Heliura crameriPinheiro and Cerda,H. nigriventrisPinheiro and Duarte, andH. pauloiPinheiro and Duarte. The last three species are placed in theH. stolli(Rothschild) species group, which is delimited for the first time and discussed. The other known species that are also part of this group are redescribed, and an identification key is provided.Heliura pieroidesRothschild is a revalidated combination.Heliura parcipunctais a new combination.Heliura pierusCramer is considered aspecies inquirenda. Illustrations of habitus and genitalia of the species treated herein are provided whenever possible.
Activation of Nod1 Signaling Induces Fetal Growth Restriction and Death through Fetal and Maternal Vasculopathy
Authors: Inoue Hirosuke , Nishio Hisanori , Takada Hidetoshi , Sakai Yasunari , Nanishi Etsuro , Ochiai Masayuki , Onimaru Mitsuho , Chen Si Jing , Matsui Toshiro , Hara Toshiro
Published: February 2016

Intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) and death (IUFD) are both serious problems in the perinatal medicine. Fetal vasculopathy is currently considered to account for a pathogenic mechanism of IUGR and IUFD. We previously demonstrated that an innate immune receptor, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (Nod1), contributed to the development of vascular inflammations in mice at postnatal stages. However, little is known about the deleterious effects of activated Nod1 signaling on embryonic growth and development. We report that administration of FK565, one of the Nod1 ligands, to pregnant C57BL/6 mice induced IUGR and IUFD. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that maternally injected FK565 was distributed to the fetal tissues across placenta. In addition, maternal injection of FK565 induced robust increases in the amounts of CCL2, IL-6, and TNF proteins as well as NO in maternal, placental and fetal tissues. Nod1 was highly expressed in fetal vascular tissues, where significantly higher levels of CCL2 and IL-6 mRNAs were induced with maternal injection of FK565 than those in other tissues. Using Nod1-knockout mice, we verified that both maternal and fetal tissues were involved in the development of IUGR and IUFD. Furthermore, FK565 induced upregulation of genes associated with immune response, inflammation, and apoptosis in fetal vascular tissues. Our data thus provided new evidence for the pathogenic role of Nod1 in the development of IUGR and IUFD at the maternal-fetal interface.
In Vivo Visualizing the IFN-β Response Required for Tumor Growth Control in a Therapeutic Model of Polyadenylic-Polyuridylic Acid Administration
Authors: Nocera David Andrés , Roselli Emiliano , Araya Paula , Nuñez Nicolás Gonzalo , Lienenklaus Stefan , Jablonska Jadwiga , Weiss Siegfried , Gatti Gerardo , Brinkmann Melanie M. , Kröger Andrea , Morón Gabriel , Maccioni Mariana
Published: February 2016

The crucial role that endogenously produced IFN-β plays in eliciting an immune response against cancer has recently started to be elucidated. Endogenous IFN-β has an important role in immune surveillance and control of tumor development. Accordingly, the role of TLR agonists as cancer therapeutic agents is being revisited via the strategy of intra/peritumoral injection with the idea of stimulating the production of endogenous type I IFN inside the tumor. Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) is a dsRNA mimetic explored empirically in cancer immunotherapy a long time ago with little knowledge regarding its mechanisms of action. In this work, we have in vivo visualized the IFN-β required for the antitumor immune response elicited in a therapeutic model of poly A:U administration. In this study, we have identified the role of host type I IFNs, cell populations that are sources of IFN-β in the tumor microenvironment, and other host requirements for tumor control in this model. One single peritumoral dose of poly A:U was sufficient to induce IFN-β, readily visualized in vivo. IFN-β production relied mainly on the activation of the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3 and the molecule UNC93B1, indicating that TLR3 is required for recognizing poly A:U. CD11c+ cells were an important, but not the only source of IFN-β. Host type I IFN signaling was absolutely required for the reduced tumor growth, prolonged mice survival, and the strong antitumor-specific immune response elicited upon poly A:U administration. These findings add new perspectives to the use of IFN-β–inducing compounds in tumor therapy.
Seasonal abundance & role of predominant Japanese encephalitis vectors Culex tritaeniorhynchus & Cx. gelidus Theobald in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramesh D. , Muniaraj M. , Samuel P. Philip , Thenmozhi V. , Venkatesh A. , Nagaraj J. , Tyagi B.K.
Published: February 2016

Background & objectives:

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. The first major JE outbreak occurred in 1978 and since 1981 several outbreaks had been reported in the Cuddalore district (erstwhile South Arcot), Tamil Nadu, India. Entomological monitoring was carried out during January 2010 - March 2013, to determine the seasonal abundance and transmission dynamics of the vectors of JE virus, with emphasis on the role of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. gelidus.

Methods:

Mosquito collections were carried out fortnightly during dusk hours in three villages viz. Soundara Solapuram, Pennadam, Erappavur of Cuddalore district. Mosquitoes were collected during dusk for a period of one hour in and around the cattle sheds using oral aspirator and torch light. The collected mosquitoes were later identified and pooled to detect JE virus (JEV) infection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:

A total of 46,343 mosquitoes comprising of 25 species and six genera were collected. Species composition included viz, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (46.26%), Cx. gelidus (43.12%) and other species (10.62%). A total of 17,678 specimens (403 pools) of Cx. gelidus and 14,358 specimens (309 pools) of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were tested, of which 12 pools of Cx. gelidus and 14 pools of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were positive for JE virus antigen. The climatic factors were negatively correlated with minimum infection rate (MIR) for both the species, except mean temperature (P<0.05) for Cx. gelidus.

Interpretation & conclusions:

High abundance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. gelidus was observed compared to other mosquito species in the study area. Detection of JEV antigen in the two species confirmed the maintenance of virus. Appropriate vector control measures need to be taken to reduce the vector abundance.
DNA Subtraction of In Vivo Selected Phage Repertoires for Efficient Peptide Pathology Biomarker Identification in Neuroinflammation Multiple Sclerosis Model
Authors: Vargas-Sanchez Karina , Vekris Antonios , Petry Klaus G.
Published: February 2016

To streamline in vivo biomarker discovery, we developed a suppression subtractive DNA hybridization technique adapted for phage-displayed combinatorial libraries of 12 amino acid peptides (PhiSSH). Physical DNA subtraction is performed in a one-tube-all-reactions format by sequential addition of reagents, producing the enrichment of specific clones of one repertoire. High-complexity phage repertoires produced by in vivo selections in the multiple sclerosis rat model (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE) and matched healthy control rats were used to evaluate the technique. The healthy repertoire served as a physical DNA subtractor from the EAE repertoire to produce the subtraction repertoire. Full next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the three repertoires was performed to evaluate the efficiency of the subtraction technique. More than 96% of the clones common to the EAE and healthy repertoires were absent from the subtraction repertoire, increasing the probability of randomly selecting various specific peptides for EAE pathology to about 70%. Histopathology experiments were performed to confirm the quality of the subtraction repertoire clones, producing distinct labeling of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) affected by inflammation among healthy nervous tissue or the preferential binding to IL1-challenged vs. resting human BBB model. Combining PhiSSH with NGS will be useful for controlled in vivo screening of small peptide combinatorial libraries to discover biomarkers of specific molecular alterations interspersed within healthy tissues.
Appropriate Use Criteria in Echocardiography: An Observational Institutional Study with the Perspective of a Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Rameh Vanessa , Kossaify Antoine
Published: February 2016

Background

Appropriate use criteria (AUC) in echocardiography are essential tools for aligning the indications of echocardiography with the best clinical standards, improving clinical outcome, restraining abuse, and preserving health-care resources.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to ascertain the AUC for transthoracic echocardiography in a university hospital and create a quality improvement project (QIP).

Methods

The assessment of 501 inpatients who received transthoracic cardiac echo was conducted according to the 2011 AUC report. Indications were classified as appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate, and patients not matching any of the abovementioned divisions were grouped in the nonfitting category.

Results

Of the 501 eligible patients, 374 patients (74.66%) were in the appropriate group, 85 patients (16.96%) in the inappropriate group, 20 patients (3.99%) in the uncertain group, and 22 patients (4.39%) in the nonfitting category.

Discussion

Interpretation and analysis of the obtained results are presented, along with the results of many comparable studies; moreover, a QIP was set up accordingly.

Conclusion

AUC are useful to assess local practice, preserve health-care resources, and improve clinical outcome.
Identification of Potential Anticancer Activities of Novel Ganoderma lucidum Extracts Using Gene Expression and Pathway Network Analysis
Authors: Kao Chi H.J. , Bishop Karen S. , Xu Yuanye , Han Dug Yeo , Murray Pamela M. , Marlow Gareth J. , Ferguson Lynnette R.
Published: February 2016

Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi) has been used for the general promotion of health in Asia for many centuries. The common method of consumption is to boil lingzhi in water and then drink the liquid. In this study, we examined the potential anticancer activities of G. lucidum submerged in two commonly consumed forms of alcohol in East Asia: malt whiskey and rice wine. The anticancer effect of G. lucidum, using whiskey and rice wine-based extraction methods, has not been previously reported. The growth inhibition of G. lucidum whiskey and rice wine extracts on the prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145, was determined. Using Affymetrix gene expression assays, several biologically active pathways associated with the anticancer activities of G. lucidum extracts were identified. Using gene expression analysis (real-time polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) and protein analysis (Western blotting), we confirmed the expression of key genes and their associated proteins that were initially identified with Affymetrix gene expression analysis.
Eugenol Provokes ROS-Mediated Membrane Damage-Associated Antibacterial Activity against Clinically Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
Authors: Das Balaram , Mandal Debasis , Dash Sandeep Kumar , Chattopadhyay Sourav , Tripathy Satyajit , Dolai Durga Pada , Dey Sankar Kumar , Roy Somenath
Published: February 2016

Due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, resistance to antibiotics has increased remarkably in Staphylococcus aureus. Vancomycin is the final drug to treat the S. aureus infection, but nowadays, resistance to this antibiotic is also increasing. So, the investigation of antibiotic resistance pattern is important. As there is already resistance to vancomycin, there is an urgent need to develop a new kind of antimicrobial to treat S. aureus infection. Eugenol may be the new drug of choice. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of eugenol against vancomycin-resistant S. aureus isolated from clinical pus samples. Thirty six pus samples were included in the study. Samples were isolated, identified and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed as per routine laboratory protocol. The antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of killing of eugenol were studied. Out of 36 pus samples, only 20 isolates were confirmed as S. aureus strains and 6 isolates exhibited vancomycin resistance. Eugenol successfully destroyed the vancomycin-resistant strains via reactive oxygen species generation and membrane damage. The prevalence of vancomycin resistance is increased day by day in different countries, and necessary steps to prevent the spread and emergence of resistance should be taken. The findings of the study suggested that eugenol might be used to treat vancomycin-resistant S. aureus.
The logarithmic delay of KPP fronts in a periodic medium
Authors: Hamel François , Nolen James , Roquejoffre Jean-Michel , Ryzhik Lenya
Published: February 2016

We extend, to parabolic equations of the KPP type in periodic media, a result of Bramson which asserts that, in the case of a spatially homogeneous reaction rate, the time lag between the position of an initially compactly supported solution and that of a traveling wave grows logarithmically in time.
A large data regime for nonlinear wave equations
Authors: Wang Jinhua , Yu Pin
Published: February 2016

For semi-linear wave equations with null form nonlinearities on

\mathbb R^{3+1}

, we exhibit an open set of initial data which are allowed to be large in energy spaces, yet we can still obtain global solutions in the future.

We also exhibit a set of localized data for which the corresponding solutions are strongly focused, which in geometric terms means that a wave travels along an specific incoming null geodesic in such a way that almost all of the energy is concentrated in a tubular neighborhood of the geodesic and almost no energy radiates out of this neighborhood.
Noncommutative numerical motives, Tannakian structures, and motivic Galois groups
Authors: Marcolli Matilde , Tabuada Gonçalo
Published: February 2016

In this article we further the study of noncommutative numerical motives, initiated in [30, 31]. By exploring the change-of-coefficients mechanism, we start by improving some of the main results of [30]. Then, making use of the notion of Schur-finiteness, we prove that the category NNum

(k)_F

of noncommutative numerical motives is (neutral) super-Tannakian. As in the commutative world, NNum

(k)_F

is not Tannakian. In order to solve this problem we promote periodic cyclic homology to a well-defined symmetric monoidal functor

\overline{HP_\ast}

on the category of noncommutative Chow motives. This allows us to introduce the correct noncommutative analogues

C_{NC}

and

D_{NC}

of Grothendieck's standard conjectures

C

and

D

. Assuming

C_{NC}

, we prove that NNum

(k)_F

can be made into a Tannakian category NNum

^\dagger(k)_F

by modifying its symmetry isomorphism constraints. By further assuming

D_{NC}

, we neutralize the Tannakian category Num

^\dagger(k)_F

using

\overline{HP_\ast}

. Via the (super-)Tannakian formalism, we then obtain well-defined
noncommutative motivic Galois (super-)groups
. Finally, making use of Deligne-Milne's theory of Tate triples, we construct explicit morphisms relating these noncommutative motivic Galois (super-)groups with the classical ones as suggested by Kontsevich.
Quantifying Contact with the Environment: Behaviors of Young Children in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Teunis Peter F. M. , Reese Heather E. , Null Clair , Yakubu Habib , Moe Christine L.
Published: February 2016

To better understand the risks of exposure for young children to fecal contamination in their environment, we systematically characterized and quantified behaviors of 154 children, 0–5 years old, in four high-density, low-income neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. A repertoire of six different activities and five different compartments (categories of locations within the household) was developed, and about 500 hours of ordered structured observations of activities and locations of individual children were collected. These records were analyzed using a competing hazards model, estimating (Weibull) hazard rates for each state (activity/compartment combination), dependent on the present state and the preceding state. The estimated rates were used to simulate sequences of behavior and describe days in the life of a child in low-income, urban Africa. Children younger than 1 year spent most time playing or sleeping off the ground, older children frequently played on floors. Relatively little time was spent in drains or wet trash areas. Critical combinations of activities, like handwashing after defecation or before eating were estimated to occur rarely. These quantitative behavior estimates can inform future risk assessments that examine the relative roles of various fecal–oral exposure pathways in low-income urban settings.
Controlling Malaria in Western Pacific with Mosquito Nets Treated with Pyrethroids in Village Communities, 1979–1999
Authors: Self Lee
Published: February 2016

Insecticide-treated mosquito nets were first put to practical use in the Western Pacific Region. Less than a decade after conducting workshops and other promotional activities, millions of people were protected by 1989. This occurred before the availability of commercially produced pretreated nets and before global funding for mass net distribution. This paper describes the sequence of steps leading to regional control success. The beginning stages in 1979 recognized that treating torn mosquito nets was a viable control option. Basic net treatment procedures were established by 1983 and workshops were held the next 2 years in China, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Vietnam. Malaria staff became convinced of net benefits and were motivated to impart their knowledge to others. Village inhabitants soaked the nets in washbasins containing permethrin or deltamethrin solution, then dried them horizontally on mats. By the 1990s, the population protected by nets had appreciably increased, and regional malaria cases confirmed by microscopy were markedly reduced. This coincided with commercial interest to mass-produce pretreated mosquito nets for worldwide use.
Polyandry Depends on Postmating Time Interval in the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti
Authors: Degner Ethan C. , Harrington Laura C.
Published: February 2016

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of the dengue and chikungunya viruses. After mating, male seminal fluid molecules cause females to become unreceptive to a subsequent mating. This response is often assumed to be immediate and complete, but a growing body of evidence suggests that some females do mate more than once. It is unknown how quickly a female becomes unreceptive to a second mating. Furthermore, the degree to which she remains monandrous after laying several batches of eggs has not been rigorously tested. Therefore, we assessed the rates of polyandry in two sets of experiments using wild-type males and those with fluorescent sperm. The first experiment tested the likelihood of polyandry after postmating intervals of various durations. Most females became refractory to a second mating within 2 hours after mating, and rates of polyandry ranged from 24% immediately after mating to 3% at 20 hours after mating. The second experiment tested whether females were polyandrous after cycles of blood meals and oviposition. No re-insemination was found after one, three, or five such cycles. This study is the first to demonstrate that polyandrous behavior depends on the postmating interval. Our results will inform future applications that depend on an accurate knowledge of Ae. aegypti mating behavior, including models of gene flow, investigations of molecules that drive female mating behavior, and control strategies that deploy genetically modified mosquitoes into the field.
Climate changes and wildfire emissions of atmospheric pollutants in Europe
Authors: Knorr Wolfgang , Dentener Frank , Hantson Stijn , Jiang Leiwen , Klimont Zbigniew , Arneth Almut
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Wildfires are not only a threat to human property and a vital element of many ecosystems, but also an important source of air pollution. In this study, we first review the available evidence for a past or possible future climate-driven increase in wildfire emissions in Europe. We then introduce an ensemble of model simulations with a coupled wildfire – dynamic ecosystem model, which we combine with published spatial maps of both wildfire and anthropogenic emissions of several major air pollutants to arrive at air pollutant emission projections for several time slices during the 21st century. The results indicate moderate wildfire-driven emission increases until 2050, but the possibility of large increases until the last decades of this century at high levels of climate change. We identify southern and north-eastern Europe as potential areas where wildfires may surpass anthropogenic pollution sources during the summer months. Under a scenario of high levels of climate change (Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP, 8.5), emissions from wildfires in central and northern Portugal and possibly southern Italy and along the west coast of the Balkan peninsula are projected to reach levels that could affect annual mean particulate matter concentrations enough to be relevant for meeting WHO air quality targets.
Microbial dynamics in a High-Arctic glacier forefield: a combined field, laboratory, and modelling approach
Authors: Bradley James A. , Arndt Sandra , Šabacká Marie , Benning Liane G. , Barker Gary L. , Blacker Joshua J. , Yallop Marian L. , Wright Katherine E. , Bellas Christopher M. , Telling Jonathan , Tranter Martyn , Anesio Alexandre
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Modelling the development of soils in glacier forefields is necessary in order to assess how microbial and geochemical processes interact and shape soil development in response to glacier retreat. Furthermore, such models can help us predict microbial growth and the fate of Arctic soils in an increasingly ice-free future. Here, for the first time, we combined field sampling with laboratory analyses and numerical modelling to investigate microbial community dynamics in oligotrophic proglacial soils in Svalbard. We measured low bacterial growth rates and growth efficiencies (relative to estimates from Alpine glacier forefields), and high sensitivity to soil temperature (relative to temperate soils). We used these laboratory measurements to inform parameter values in a new numerical model and significantly refined predictions of microbial and biogeochemical dynamics of soil development over a period of roughly 120 years. The model predicted the observed accumulation of autotrophic and heterotrophic biomass. Genomic data indicated that initial microbial communities were dominated by bacteria derived from the subglacial environment, whereas older soils hosted a mixed community of autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria. This finding was validated by the numerical model, which showed that active microbial communities play key roles in fixing and recycling carbon and nutrients. We also demonstrated the role of allochthonous carbon and microbial necromass in sustaining a pool of organic material, despite high heterotrophic activity in older soils. This combined field, laboratory and modelling approach demonstrates the value of integrated model-data studies to understand and quantify the functioning of the microbial community in an emerging High-Arctic soil ecosystem.
Geomorphometric analysis of cave ceiling channels mapped with 3D terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Gallay Michal , Hochmuth Zdenko , Kaňuk Ján , Hofierka Jaroslav
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The change of hydrological conditions during the evolution of caves in carbonate rocks often results in a complex subterranean geomorphology which comprises specific landforms such as ceiling channels, anastomosing half tubes, or speleothems organised vertically in different levels. Studying such complex environments traditionally requires tedious mapping, however, this is being replaced with terrestrial laser scanning technology. Laser scanning overcomes the problem of reaching high ceilings providing new options to map underground landscapes with unprecedented level of detail and accuracy. The acquired point cloud can be handled conveniently with dedicated software, but applying traditional geomorphometry to analyse the cave surface is limited. This is because geomorphometry has been focused on parameterisation and analysis of surficial terrain. The theoretical and methodological concept has been based on two-dimensional scalar fields which is sufficient for most cases of the surficial terrain. The terrain surface is modelled with a bivariate function of altitude (elevation) and represented by a raster digital elevation model. However, the cave is a three-dimensional entity therefore a different approach is required for geomorphometric analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of high resolution cave mapping and 3-D modelling to better understand the palaeohydrography of the Domica cave in Slovakia. This methodological approach adopted traditional geomorphometric methods in a unique manner and also new methods used in 3D computer graphics which can be applied to study other 3-D geomorphological forms
Entre teoria e prática: a formação docente e a apropriação da lei 10.639/2003 no cotidiano escolar
Authors: Dias Ednalva Da Conceição , Cecatto Adriano
Published: February 2016

Com a aprovação da Lei 10.639/2003, tornou-se obrigatório nas escolas de Educação Básica, públicas e privadas, o ensino da História da África e a Cultura Afro-Brasileira. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a apropriação e aplicabilidade da Lei 10.639/2003 pelos professores no ensino de História da Escola Estadual Senador João Câmara/2013, na cidade de Bento Fernandes/RN, no que se refere à formação dos professores para o trabalho com essa temática. Utilizamos a pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, tendo como técnica de coleta de dados a aplicação de um questionário semi-estruturado aos docentes. Verificou-se que o ensino de história da África e Cultura Afro-brasileira requer um trabalho prático de formação de professores no decorrer da formação inicial para que possam conhecer as determinações da lei e os fatores necessários a serem considerados na sua aplicação.
Autoetnografia na pesquisa em educação histórica um desafio autonarrado
Authors: Rodrigues Lisiane Sales , González Fernando Jaime
Published: February 2016

Integrar a autoetnografia como metodologia da pesquisa, e a pesquisa em Educação História no campo do saber empírico e epistemológico, é o desafio que esse texto apresenta. Numa perspectiva de pesquisadora e sujeito inerida no contexto da pesquisa, trago aqui a abordagem que está sendo desenvolvida em minha dissertação de Mestrado em Educação nas Ciências, de maneira que os métodos se cruzam, através das análises do contexto do lugar onde está sendo desenvolvida a pesquisa, observações dos alunos, suas narrativas e minhas autonarrativas que carregam as reflexões sobre minha prática, o cotidiano escolar e as influências que incidem sobre os sujeitos.
Low compliance with guidelines for re-staging in high-grade T1 bladder cancer and the potential impact on patient outcomes in the province of Alberta
Authors: Gotto Geoffrey T. , Shea-Budgell Melissa A. , Ruether J. Dean
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Despite high-level evidence of benefit, early repeat resection (ERR) among high-grade T1 bladder cancer (HGT1-BC) patients remains low in several non-Canadian jurisdictions and rates in Canada are largely unreported. We evaluated rates of ERR and trends over time in Alberta. We also examined factors associated with uptake of ERR.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of data from all patients diagnosed with HGT1-BC from 2007 through 2011. Patients were identified from the Alberta Cancer Registry. Patients with a non-urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and those with invasion into the prostate or metastatic disease were excluded. We collected demographic and clinicopathologic information from patients’ electronic medical records.

Results: A total of 600 patients diagnosed with HGT1-BC were included. Overall, 167 patients (27.8%) received an ERR; however, the rate increased in a non-linear fashion from 27.4% in 2007 to 37.8% in 2011. Factors associated with ERR included age <80 years (p=0.021) and centre at which the initial transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) was performed (p=0.013). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached, but five-year OS was 72.7% (95% CI 68.9, 76.5) for those who received an ERR and 55.3% (95% CI 52.5, 58.1) for those who did not.
Conclusions: Use of ERR in patients with HGT1-BC is improving over time. Regional variation in practice suggests the need for implementation strategies (i.e., provincial clinical care pathways) to standardize practice and set indicators for future measurement and reporting. Targeted interventions would require further investigation around the reasons for variation in practice.
How School Leaders Might Promote Higher Levels of Collective Teacher Efficacy at the Level of School and Team
Authors: Prelli Gail E.
Published: February 2016

Leaders search for effective leadership practices to ensure success. A quantitative study was conducted to determine what behaviors a leader could use to improve collective teacher efficacy at the level of the entire faculty and at the level of grade level teams. This article focuses on using the inverse relationship between transformational leadership and collective teacher efficacy to strengthen efficacy of teachers of English Language Learners. The Collective Efficacy Scale (Goddard, 2001) was modified to measure the perceptions of teachers at both levels; entire faculty’s collective efficacy and the collective efficacy of their team. Thus, this article also provides leaders with important information regarding teaming within schools. The significant difference found between collective teacher efficacy at the level of school and team, provides important information for leaders to consider as they support professional learning teams. Success for all would be promoted as leaders increase efficacy within teams by employing the concepts of developing leadership teams and purposeful learning communities (Hill & Lundquist, 2008).
Two new species of Dactylonotus Parent, 1934 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from South Africa and a key to Afrotropical species
Authors: Grichanov Igor Ya.
Published: February 2016

Two new species from South Africa, Dactylonotus nigricorpus sp. nov. and Dactylonotus tsitsikamma sp. nov., are described and illustrated. D. nigricorpus sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus in the black body, the smaller size and the shorter antenna. D. tsitsikamma sp. nov. is peculiar in the genus in bearing a flag of long setae on the fifth segment of the fore tarsus. An identification key to 6 Afrotropical species of the genus is provided.
Sediment Resuspension and Transport in Water Distribution Storage Tanks
Authors: Ho Clifford K. , Christian Joshua M. , Ching Eric J. , Slavin Jason , Ortega Jesus , Murray Regan , Rossman Lewis A.
Published: February 2016

Computational and experimental studies were conducted to better understand conditions that affect particle resuspension and movement in water storage tanks. Parameters that were investigated included inlet/outlet (I/O) line location and diameter, flow rate, particle size, and filling versus draining cycles. Simulation results showed that smaller particle sizes, higher flow rates, and draining cycles yielded the greatest potential for particle resuspension, which was generally limited to regions near the I/O line. Small‐scale experiments were also performed using different sizes of glass beads and silica sand; the results generally validated the models. Mitigation methods were also presented to reduce the amount of particle resuspension. A pipe that extended from the I/O line into the tank (slightly above the bottom floor) was found to significantly reduce the potential for particle resuspension in both the computational models and experiments.
Reflexiones sobre la titularidad y el título de intervención estatal en las infraestructuras públicas
Authors: Aguilar Valdez Oscar Rafael
Published: February 2016

Tradicionalmente, en el derecho iberoamericano, el régimen de las infraestructuras públicas solía ser enmarcado dentro del régimen del dominio público en tanto éstas se encuentran afectadas a un uso público o a un servicio público en beneficio de la comunidad. En el presente artículo, el autor señala que la imperiosa necesidad de recurrir a fuentes privadas de financiamiento ha llevado a tener que admitir la conveniencia de que las infraestructuras públicas puedan ser también titularizadas por el sector privado sin que por ello pierdan su afectación y destinación pública. De esta forma, la finalidad interventora que el Estado perseguiría por medio del régimen dominial podría ser lograda —de igual forma— trasladando el eje del régimen de la noción de “propiedad” a la de “afectación” y, de allí, a su regulación por medio del poder de policía. Se trata, así, de reconocer que esta clase de infraestructuras son “públicas” más que por su “titularidad” por su “destino” o “afectación”, siendo esto último lo que verdaderamente justifica el poder de intervención estatal sobre las mismas. En definitiva, sostiene el autor, no se trata de reemplazar al régimen dominial por el poder de policía ni por la regulación, sino de afirmar que todos estos institutos pueden válidamente convivir entre sí e intercambiarse en su aplicación a diferentes bienes e infraestructuras según los también diferentes criterios, formas de financiamiento y finalidades públicas a las que se pretenda recurrir. En ello, tanto la participación pública como la privada resultan imperiosas.
Imigração e reconhecimento de direitos: o desafio do Brasil na era da (in)tolerância
Authors: Lopes Olsen Ana Carolina
Published: February 2016

Desde a criação do Estado Moderno, as categorias “nacional” e “estrangeiro” delimitam os sujeitos de direitos como cidadãos, em contraposição ao estrangeiro. Dentre as várias evidências desta dicotomia, a cultura é elemento diferenciador, mas, ao mesmo tempo, pode  reunir povos diferentes em função da globalização, o que tem se dado através da assimilação cultural dos imigrantes, e não de uma integração que respeite suas diferenças. Em quaisquer dos casos, não há equiparação de direitos entre estrangeiros e nacionais. Recentemente, com a intensificação dos processos migratórios, desenvolveu-se um sistema internacional de proteção dos direitos humanos, segundo o qual qualquer pessoa é sujeito de direitos, independente de nacionalidade. Esse discurso, todavia, não tem atingido a realidade dos imigrantes que morrem em busca de países que lhes garantam a sobrevivência – o que leva a questionar a posição adotada pelo Brasil a fim de promover o reconhecimento de direitos aos imigrantes. Apesar da adesão a tratados internacionais de direitos humanos, verifica-se que o Brasil ainda não tem legislação doméstica plenamente adequada à tutela dessas pessoas. O estudo demonstra que as mudanças normativas são importantes, mas estarão fadadas ao fracasso se não forem acompanhadas por uma cultura de tolerância e solidariedade, com respeito às diferenças entre os povos.
A influência do biopoder na economia: o tempo livre vigiado e consumido
Authors: Semeghini Pereira Marcela Andresa
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo versou sobre o biopoder, denominação proposta por Michel Foucault, que traz reflexões sobre ações disciplinares e vigilantes que interferem nas características vitais da existência humana. Foucault considera o poder disciplinar como método fundamental para a implantação do capitalismo industrial e da sociedade que ele dá origem e o desenvol- vimento e exercício deste não deve ser dissociado da consolidação de aparatos particulares de conhecimento e da formação das ciências humanas. O saber também é um instrumento de poder que criou técnicas para disciplinar o corpo individual do trabalhador, técnicas de racionalização e de economia estrita de um poder que deveria se exercer mediante todo um sistema de vigilância, de hierarquias, de inspeções, ou seja, uma tecnologia disciplinar para dar suporte ao mundo do trabalho. O lazer, como tempo de vida e reflexão crítica ao biopo- der implica fruição da vida humano-genérica, isto é, vida social plena de relações humanas interpessoais e é também o principal momento de desenvolvimento das potencialidades do homem. Concluiu-se que direito precisa garantir o lazer, notando mais a humanidade e dar- se conta de que, o seu principal foco são os seres humanos, além de que o trabalhador necessita despertar sua humanidade. O método utilizado foi o dialético, para compreensão do homem enquanto ser histórico, pesquisa bibliográfica em livros de sociologia, filosofia e política.
Deveres dos administradores, responsabilidades e business judgment rule nas sociedades anônimas estatais
Authors: Saddy André
Published: February 2016

São muitos os deveres dos administradores de empresas públicas e sociedades de economia mista, sendo ponto fundamental o conhecimento dos limites de sua atuação, e suas responsabilidades perante empresa e o poder público. No caso das sociedades anônimas estatais, a Administração Pública possuindo o controle acionário das ações ordinárias que dão direito a voto, busca não só o lucro como qualquer pessoa jurídica de direito privado, mas também a inserção estatal em setores estratégicos da economia. Ocorre que até o presente momento não houve a regulamentação prevista no art. 173, §1º, inc. V da Constituição da República que visa tratar da responsabilidade dos administradores dessas empresas, sendo um setor nebuloso tanto para a doutrina quanto para a jurisprudência, sendo necessário buscar auxílio inclusive em doutrina estrangeira para visualizar os parâmetros de responsabilização dos Diretores e do Conselho de Administração.
The Transition to Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Davies Freya , Wood Fiona , Brain Katherine E. , Edwards Michelle , Jones Rhiannon , Wallbank Rachel , Robertson Neil P. , Edwards Adrian
Published: February 2016

Background: Identifying the transition from relapsing-remitting to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) can be challenging for clinicians. Little previous research has explored how professionals experience working with patients during this specific stage of the disease. We explored the experiences of a group of multidisciplinary professionals who support patients in the transition to SPMS to describe this stage from a professional perspective.

Methods: This qualitative semistructured interview study included 11 professionals (medical, nursing, and allied health professionals; specialists and generalists) working with patients with MS in South Wales, United Kingdom. Thematic analysis of the interview data was performed.

Results: Two overarching themes were identified: the transition and providing support. The transition theme comprised issues related to recognizing and communicating about SPMS. Uncertainty influenced recognizing the transition and knowing how to discuss it with patients. The providing support theme included descriptions of challenging aspects of patient care, providing support for caregivers, using the multidisciplinary team, and working within service constraints. Providing adequate psychological support and engaging patients with self-management approaches were seen as particularly challenging.

Conclusions: Caring for patients in the transition to SPMS generates specific challenges for professionals. Further research on health-care interactions and patients'/professionals' experiences regarding the transition phase may help identify strategies for professional development and learning and how to optimize the patient experience at this difficult stage of disease.
A Qualitative Study of Multiple Health Behaviors in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Plow Matthew A. , Golding Meghan
Published: February 2016

Background: Evidence regarding inflammatory pathways, elevated cardiovascular risk, and negative effects of secondary conditions on disability progression provide a strong rationale for promoting multiple health behaviors in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, many unanswered questions remain about the best ways to design multiple behavior change interventions for adults with MS. We sought to identify facilitators and barriers to engaging in multiple health behaviors (physical activity, nutrition, and sleep) and to gain further insights into how to develop multiple health behavior change interventions based on preferences of adults with MS.

Methods: Focus groups and one-on-one interviews were conducted with 17 participants with MS.

Results: Five qualitative themes were identified as either facilitating or hindering engagement in multiple health behaviors: 1) roles, priorities, and preferences; 2) sense of duty; 3) the fatigue and mobility problem; 4) taking control; and 5) resiliency. Participants identified advantages and disadvantages of delivery formats (eg, face-to-face group vs. telephone), frequency of contacts, and intervention strategies based on their individual circumstances and obligations. Participants felt that discussing the benefits of engaging in multiple health behaviors, developing action plans, accommodating preferences, and addressing health problems would be helpful strategies to include in a multiple behavior change intervention.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that there may be common facilitators and barriers that can be targeted to promote multiple behavior changes. Future research should explore the best ways to tailor multiple behavior change interventions to preferences, symptoms, psychological traits, and social cognitions.
Exercise Training in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pilutti Lara A. , Paulseth John E. , Dove Carin , Jiang Shucui , Rathbone Michel P. , Hicks Audrey L.
Published: February 2016

Background: There is evidence of the benefits of exercise training in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, few studies have been conducted in individuals with progressive MS and severe mobility impairment. A potential exercise rehabilitation approach is total-body recumbent stepper training (TBRST). We evaluated the safety and participant-reported experience of TBRST in people with progressive MS and compared the efficacy of TBRST with that of body weight–supported treadmill training (BWSTT) on outcomes of function, fatigue, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Methods: Twelve participants with progressive MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale scores, 6.0–8.0) were randomized to receive TBRST or BWSTT. Participants completed three weekly sessions (30 minutes) of exercise training for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes included safety assessed as adverse events and patient-reported exercise experience assessed as postexercise response and evaluation of exercise equipment. Secondary outcomes included the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life–54 questionnaire scores. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after 12 weeks.

Results: Safety was confirmed in both exercise groups. Participants reported enjoying both exercise modalities; however, TBRST was reviewed more favorably. Both interventions reduced fatigue and improved HRQOL (P ≤ .05); there were no changes in function.

Conclusions: Both TBRST and BWSTT seem to be safe, well tolerated, and enjoyable for participants with progressive MS with severe disability. Both interventions may also be efficacious for reducing fatigue and improving HRQOL. TBRST should be further explored as an exercise rehabilitation tool for patients with progressive MS.
Probing the catalytic functions of Bub1 kinase using the small molecule inhibitors BAY-320 and BAY-524
Authors: Baron Anna P , von Schubert Conrad , Cubizolles Fabien , Siemeister Gerhard , Hitchcock Marion , Mengel Anne , Schröder Jens , Fernández-Montalván Amaury , von Nussbaum Franz , Mumberg Dominik , Nigg Erich A
Published: February 2016

The kinase Bub1 functions in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and in chromosome congression, but the role of its catalytic activity remains controversial. Here, we use two novel Bub1 inhibitors, BAY-320 and BAY-524, to demonstrate potent Bub1 kinase inhibition both in vitro and in intact cells. Then, we compared the cellular phenotypes of Bub1 kinase inhibition in HeLa and RPE1 cells with those of protein depletion, indicative of catalytic or scaffolding functions, respectively. Bub1 inhibition affected chromosome association of Shugoshin and the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), without abolishing global Aurora B function. Consequently, inhibition of Bub1 kinase impaired chromosome arm resolution but exerted only minor effects on mitotic progression or SAC function. Importantly, BAY-320 and BAY-524 treatment sensitized cells to low doses of Paclitaxel, impairing both chromosome segregation and cell proliferation. These findings are relevant to our understanding of Bub1 kinase function and the prospects of targeting Bub1 for therapeutic applications.