bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors that Influence Local Perceptions of Climate Change, Product Value Addition, Multiple Uses of NTFPs, and Their Impact on Poverty Alleviation in Ghana
Authors: Asamoah Obed , Danquah Jones Abrefa , Bamwesigye Dastan , Appiah Mark , Pappinen Ari
Published: January 2024

The overwhelming evidence supports the assertion that the climate is undergoing change. Understanding the perception of locals of the magnitude of climate change and its influence on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) challenge at a global scale. Although studies on climate change, value addition, and the multiple uses of NTFPs and their impact on local livelihoods have been conducted, locals' perceptions of these factors have not been fully explored. This study aims to assess various social factors, including education, gender, and religion, and their influence on locals' perceptions of the abovementioned factors. The research focused on five regions where NTFPs are prevalent in Ghana (Western North, Bono, Ahafo, Ashanti, and Eastern regions). To investigate the impact of social factors on local perceptions of climate change, value addition, and the multiple values of NTFPs within rural communities, a total of 732 interviews with a team of interviewers across these five regions in Ghana were carried out. We applied a logistic regression model to assess the social factors and their influencing locals’ perceptions of the mentioned variables. It was revealed that age, gender, education, and occupation did not significantly influence locals' perceptions of climate change. However, religion was found to influence locals' perceptions of climate change. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that gender (P<0.000328) and education (P<0.00426) strongly influenced locals' perceptions of value addition to NTFPs. In contrast, religion and constraints (related to time, finance, and skills) did not significantly influence locals' perceptions. Additionally, it was observed that gender (0.00132), education (0.00692), and religion (8.12e-05) significantly influenced how locals perceive and use NTFPs. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay among local perceptions, climate change, value addition, multiple uses of NTFPs, and the capacity of NTFPs to enhance the well-being of forest fringe communities. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive, tailor-made interventions that consider local perspectives and adhere to sustainable approaches, with the aim of optimising the positive impacts of NTFPs in poverty alleviation and overall community development.
Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Photosynthesis in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata in Terms of Prompt Fluorescence, Delayed Fluorescence, and Modulated Reflection at 820 nm
Authors: Shu Pengzhou , Gong Xiaofei , Du Yanlei , Han Yini , Jin Songheng , Wang Zhongxu , Qian Penghong , Li Xueqin
Published: January 2024

The effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the photosynthetic performance of subtropical coniferous species have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we treated two coniferous species, Pinus massoniana (PM) and Cunninghamia lanceolata (CL), with SAR and then analyzed photosynthetic activities via the simultaneous measurement of prompt fluorescence(PF), delayed fluorescence(DF), and modulated reflection at 820 nm(MR820). Following the low-pH SAR treatment, the I–P phase of the OJIP curves of PM and CL decreased significantly and then the K-band and L-band were detectable. The delayed fluorescence for both PM and CL decreased as the pH of the SAR solution decreased, with a more significant decrease in the I1 peak than in the I2 peak. According to the MR820 curve, the exposure to SAR stress inhibited the rapid decrease and slow increase in the MR820 transients of PM and CL. The gradients of the decreasing and increasing phases were lower for CL than for PM at pH 2.5. In addition, SAR decreased the light energy captured per unit area (ABS/CSm) and the quantum yield of electron transfer per unit area (ETO/CSm), but it increased the accumulation of QA−, thereby decreasing primary photochemical efficiency (TRO/CSm, φPO). These changes in photosystem II (PSII) resulted in a decrease in the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PIABS). Moreover, PSII was protected from thylakoid membrane photodamages through the increase in heat dissipation per unit area (DIO/CSm) in response to SAR. The increase in δRO as the pH of the SAR solution decreased was observed for PM, but not for CL. Considered together, the study findings suggest that SAR treatments can decrease chlorophyll contents and damage the OEC in PM and CL, which obstructs the transfer of electrons on the donor and acceptor sides of PSII. However, PM is better able to withstand SAR stress than CL, likely because of the activation of a protective mechanism (reflected by the change in δRO). Therefore, in coniferous forest areas severely affected by acid rain, CL may need to be protected more than PM.
A New Organ: The Mesentery and Non-Vascular Mesenteric Diseases
Authors: Ahmed Monjur
Published: January 2024

Mesentery was discovered as a new organ in 2017. It is a continuous membranous tissue from the duodenojejunal flexure to the anorectal junction. It has distinct anatomy, physiology, and disease states. Primary mesenteropathies include vascular and non-vascular diseases. Some of them are common, and some of them are rarely seen in clinical practice. Secondary mesenteropathies occur when infection or malignancy in another organ spreads to the mesentery. Each entity has specific diagnostic and treatment protocols.
A Review of Open-Source Hybrid Artificial Pancreas Technologies: Implications for Long-Term Ocular Health in Diabetics
Authors: Tecce Nicola , Cennamo Gilda , Rinaldi Michele , Costagliola Ciro , Colao Annamaria
Published: January 2024

Abstract: This review addresses the complexities of type 1 diabetes (T1D)and its associated complications, with a par-ticular focus on diabetic retinopathy (DR). This review outlines the progression from non-proliferative to proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema, highlighting the role of dysglycemia in the pathogenesis of these conditions. A significant portion of the review is devoted to technological advances in diabetes management, particu-larly the use of Hybrid Closed Loop systems (HCLS) and to the potential of open-source HCLS systems, which could be easily adapted to different patiens’needs using big data analytics and machine learning. Personalized HCLS algorithms that integrate factors such as patient lifestyle, dietary habits, and hormonal variations are highlighted as critical to reducing the incidence of diabetes-related complications and improving patient outcomes.
Fetal MRI Analysis of Corpus Callosum Abnormalities: Classification and Associated Anomalies
Authors: Marathu Kranthi K. , Vahedifard Farzan , Kocak Mehmet , Liu Xuchu , Adepoju Jubril O. , Bowker Rakhee , Supanich Mark P. , Cosme Rosario M , Byrd Sharon
Published: January 2024

Background
Corpus callosum abnormalities (CCA) are midline developmental brain malformations and are usually associated with a wide spectrum of other neurological and non-neurological abnormalities. The study aims to highlight the diagnostic role of fetal MRI to characterize heterogeneous corpus callosum abnormalities using the latest classification system. It also helps to identify associated anomalies, which have prognostic implications on the postnatal outcome.
Methods
In this study, retrospective data from antenatal women who underwent fetal MRI between January 2014 and July 2023 at Rush University Medical Center were evaluated for CCA and classified based on structural morphology. Patients were further assessed for associated neurological and non-neurological anomalies.
Results
The most frequent class of CCA was complete agenesis (79.1%), followed by hypoplasia (12.5%), dysplasia (4.2%) and hypoplasia with dysplasia (4.2%). Amongst them, 17% had isolated CCA, while the majority (83%) had complex forms of CCA associated with other CNS and non-CNS anomalies. Out of the complex CCA cases, 58% were associated with other CNS anomalies, while 8% were associated with non-CNS anomalies. 17% of cases had both.
Conclusion
The use of fetal MRI is valuable in the classification of abnormalities of the corpus callosum after the confirmation of a diagnosis suspected on prenatal ultrasound. This technique is an invaluable method for distinguishing between isolated and complex forms of CCA, especially in the cases of apparent isolated CCA. The use of diffusion-weighted imaging or diffusion tensor imaging in fetal neuroimaging is expected to provide further insights into white matter abnormalities in fetuses diagnosed with CCA in the future.
End of Time Travel
Authors: Sorli Amrit Srecko , Gorjup Rado
Published: January 2024

Einstein’s publication of the Special Theory of Relativity in 1905 gave birth to the space-time model as a fundamental arena of the universe. Time has become 4th dimension of space and theoretically one could move backward and forward in time. Hypothetical time travel has been a hot topic of scientific discussion since Kurt Gödel published his article about closed time-like curves (CTC) in 1949. He was aware that his CTC model confirms that there is no physical time. Physicists understood his model as a theoretical frame for time travel. Recent research confirmed that universal space is time-invariant. Motion happens only in space and time is the duration of motion. Nobody can travel in time because time has no physical existence. Time as duration is an emergent physical quantity entering existence in the process of measurement of the duration of material change with clocks. The universal space is utterly timeless. There is no physical time in the universe.
Applied Bootstrap Analysis With Imputed Data in Stata
Authors: Bittmann Felix
Published: January 2024

Multiple imputation with chained equations (MICE) is a widespread approach to account for missing data in empirical research. Combining MICE with bootstrapping, that is, repeatedly resampling with replacement from the data to estimate variances and confidence intervals of statistics of interest, is not straightforward. The current document provides an overview of how to use bootstrapping with imputed data in Stata. Two main approaches (impute first and then bootstrap or vice-versa) are discussed and shortly compared. Code is provided for Stata.
The Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG1 and IgG3 Antibody Isotypes with Limited Neutralizing Capacity against Omicron Elicited in a Latin Population Switch toward IgG4 after Multiple Doses with the mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine.
Authors: Espino Ana M , Armina-Rodriguez Albersy , Alvarez Laura , Ocasio Carlimar , Ramos-Nieves Riseilly , Rodríguez-Martinó Esteban I , López-Marte Paola , Torres Esther A. , Sariol Carlos A.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of IgG subclasses in COVID-19 convalescent Puerto Rican subjects and compare this profile with those exhibited by no-infected immunocompetent or immunocompromised subjects that received the mRNA vaccine. The most notable find-ngs from this study are: 1) Convalescent subjects that were not hospitalized developed high and long-lasting antibody response. 2) Both, IgG1 and IgG3 are the subclasses more prevalent in the SARS-CoV-2 infected population whereas IgG1 is more prevalent after vaccination. 3) Individuals that first had the infection and further received two doses of mRNA vaccines exhibited more robust neutralizing capacity against Omicron than those that were never infected and received two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. 4) A class switch toward the “anti-inflammatory” anti-body isotype IgG4 is induced a few weeks after the third dose, which peaked abruptly and remained at high levels for a long period. Moreover, the high levels of IgG4 are concurrent with high neutralizing percentages against various VOC including Omicron. 5) Subjects with IBD also develop IgG4 after the third dose, although these antibody levels have limited effect on the neutralizing capacity. Knowing that the mRNA vaccines do not prevent reinfections, all Omicron sub-variants that are dominant worldwide have shown to be less pathogenic, and the IgG4 levels have been associated to immunotolerance and causative of numerous negative effects, the recommendations of successive administration of booster vaccinations to people should be revised.
Enterotoxins of EGC Cluster Prevalence in Staphylococcus aureus Collected from Clinical Samples of Paraguayan Children
Authors: Rodríguez A. Fátima , Salinas D. Claudia , Franco A. Sergio , Guillén F. And Rosa
Published: January 2024

The ability of S. aureus to infect humans and cause a wide range of infections so efficiently is a consequence of the many variant virulence factors that it can produce. Superantigens (SAgs) make up a group of them and include staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE). The main objective of this study was to detect enterotoxin gene cluster (EGC) in S. aureus isolates that caused infections in Paraguayan children in the year 2017, through an observational and cross-sectional study. The detection of the EGC including the seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, and seu genes, was carried out by end-point PCR. 181 S. aureus isolates were collected, most of them caused skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI, n=140, 77%) and came from children under 6 years 50% (n=90). At least one SE gene was detected in 96% (174/181) of isolates and 24% (44/181) carried the entire EGC. An association between methicillin resistance and seg, sei, seo, and seu gene carriage (p ≤0.05) was observed. A high prevalence of EGC was detected in S. aureus isolates collected from infected children attending the main health care centers in Paraguay, its importance is due to the potential of these toxins to aggravate staphylococcal infections.
Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Cats during Five Waves of COVID-19 Epidemic in Thailand and Correlation with Human Outbreaks
Authors: Thongyuan Suporn , Thanongsaksrikul Jeeraphong , Srimanote Potjanee , Phongphaew Wallaya , Eiamcharoen Piyaporn , Thengchaisri Naris , Bosco-Lauth Angela , Decaro Nicola , Yodsheewan Rungrueang
Published: January 2024

Human-to-animal SARS-CoV-2 transmission was observed, including a veterinarian contracting COVID-19 through close contact with an infected cat, suggesting an atypical anthropozoonotic transmission. This study investigated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cats during human outbreaks and elucidated the correlation between cat infections and human epidemics. A total of 1,107 cat sera samples were collected and screened for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a modified indirect ELISA human SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection kit. The samples were confirmed using a cPass surrogate viral neutralization assay. The SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity rate was 22.67% (199/878), mirroring the trend observed in concomitant human case numbers. The waves of an epidemic and provinces did not significantly impact ELISA-positive cat. Notably, Chon Buri ex-hibited a strong positive correlation (r = 0.99, P = 0.009) between positive cat sera and reported human case numbers. Additionally, cPass surrogate viral neutralization revealed a 3.99% (35/878) seropositivity rate. While there were significant differences in positive cat numbers and proportions between epidemic waves. In Samut Sakhon, a positive correlation (r = 1, P = 0.042) was noted between the proportion of positive cat sera and reported human cases. The findings emphasize the need for ongoing surveillance to comprehend SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in both human and feline populations.
The Genetic Basis Underpinning Sexually Selected Traits across Different Animal Lineages: Are the Genetic Mechanisms in Common?
Authors: Kang Ji Hyoun
Published: January 2024

Sexual selection involving female choice or female preference (‘inter-sexual’ selection) or male-male competition (‘intra-sexual’ selection) is one of the key mechanisms for evolutionary diversification and speciation. In particular, sexual selection is recently suggested to be an important mode to drive the evolution of “novel” phenotype (i. e. “evolutionary novelty”). Despite extensive studies performed on sexually selected traits or male-specific ornaments (or weapon-like structures) with respect to their evolutionary origin and history and fitness benefits, relatively little is known about the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying their developmental process. However, with advances of genomic technologies (including whole transcriptome analysis using Next Generation Sequencing [NGS] techniques; RNA-Seq), progresses have been made to unveil the genetic background underpinning diverse sexually selected traits in different animal taxa. In the present review, we compile empirical data on the genes, genetic mechanisms or regulatory pathways underlying various sexually selected traits to explore whether the “common” genetic architectures shape the development and evolution of those traits across evolutionarily distant animal lineages. We show that the recruitment of pre-existing genetic network for a new purpose (i.e. gene network “co-option”) is rather widespread in the development and evolution of sexually selected traits, indicating that particular genes or gene-sets are repeatedly involved in different sexually selected traits. Information of genes or genetic mechanisms regulating the development of sexually selected traits would be an essential piece to complete a whole picture of the origin and evolution of sexually selected traits.
Recepción de la obra de Georg Lukács en el Trabajo Social latinoamericano
Authors: Yáñez Félix Ricardo Antonio
Published: January 2024

En la disyuntiva positivista entre disciplinas teoréticas y disciplinas prácticas, a la profesión denominada Trabajo Social (TS) se le suele ordenar en el campo de la práctica. En efecto, cuando comúnmente se piensa en el TS existe un consenso casi absoluto, sobre todo al interior de los estudios que tienden a clasificar las diferentes ramas que componen o que son parte del área de las Ciencias Sociales, en asociar esta profesión con acciones de campo o con intervenciones directas, ya sea con personas o con comunidades que se ven envueltas en una “problemática social”.
100 años de Historia y conciencia de clase de György Lukács (1885-1971)
Authors: Hernández Márquez Víctor Manuel
Published: January 2024

Más de 180 años después de la publicación del Tratado de Hume, aparece en el mundo de habla alemana la colección de ensayos que integran Historia y conciencia de clase. Estudios de dialéctica marxista, todos ellos fundamentales para la progresiva recepción del pensamiento de Marx en el mundo académico y, sobre todo, para la reorientación del marxismo militante.
İsyan, İltica ve Ölüm: Safevî Kaynaklarında Şehzade Bayezid Meselesi
Authors: DENİZ Şefaattin
Published: January 2024

Bu makalede Kanuni Sultan Süleyman’ın oğlu Şehzade Bayezid’in ağabeyi Şehzade Selim’le giriştiği saltanat mücadelesi sonucunda Safevîlere ilticası ve oradaki idamına kadar geçen süreç incelenmiştir. Şehzade Bayezid Vak’ası ile ilgili Şerafettin Turan bir eser kaleme almış, ancak eserinde Safevî kaynaklarını yeterince kullanmamıştır. Bundan dolayı bu makale mezkûr eserdeki boşlukları Farsça kaynakları kullanmak suretiyle doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Şah Tahmasb, Şehzade Bayezid’i kabul ederek daha önce kendi kardeşi Elkas Mirza’nın Osmanlılara sığınmasının intikamını almış, kırılan gururunu tamir etmiştir. İkinci olarak Şehzade Bayezid’in Osmanlı topraklarına beraber saldırma teklifini kabul etmeyerek kendi ülkesini savaş tehlikesinden uzak tutmayı başarmıştır. Kazvin’e gelinceye kadarki süreci de son derece başarılı bir şekilde yürütmüş, Bayezid’in kafasında oluşabilecek bütün istifhamları gönderdiği adamlar vasıtasıyla gidermeyi başarmış, sağ-salim Safevîlerin başkentine ulaşmasını sağlamıştır. Tahmasb son derece akıllı bir hamleyle Şehzade Bayezid’in 10.000 kişilik ordusunu Safevî oymakları arasında dağıtmak suretiyle bu askeri gücü kendisi için tehdit ve tehlike olmaktan çıkarmıştır. Bu durumda Şehzade Bayezid’in yapabileceği pek bir şey de kalmamıştır. Hemen ardından Osmanlılarla diplomasi sürecini hızlandırmış, akdedilmiş olan sulhu koruma konusunda gayret ettiğini göstermek istemiştir. Bu olaylar sırasında iki taraf arasında yürütülen güçlü diplomatik süreç meselelerin sulh yoluyla da halledilebileceğini göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Son tahlilde Şah Tahmasb Osmanlılardan büyük miktarlarda hediyeler alarak ekonomik olarak istediği sonuca ulaşmış, barışın da korunmasını sağlamıştır.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC COST OF DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS AMONG POPULATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL CITY
Authors:   Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia, Kalinkin Dmitry ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia, Samoilova Yulia ,   Siberian Federal Scientific Clinical Center of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia, Takhauov Anas ,   Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia, Milto Ivan ,   Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia, Takhauov Ravil ,   Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
Published: January 2024

Significance. Implementation of the federal projects “Treatment and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases” and “Cancer Control” requires assessment of the socio-economic cost associated with these diseases. One of the categories of citizens to be assessed is the population of industrial single-industry towns, accounting for about 12.5 % of the population of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study was to assess socio-economic cost of temporary and permanent disability due to cardiovascular diseases and cancer among population of an industrial city in 2000-2020. Material and methods. Information regarding the loss of labor potential and economic cost of temporary and permanent disability caused by cardiovascular diseases and cancer, among population of the closed administrative-territorial formation of Seversk, residing within the area of operation of the Siberian Chemical Plant, in 2000-2020. Results. It was shown that the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases among population of the closed city of Seversk was accompanied only by an increase in economic cost, while the increase in the incidence of cancer was accompanied by a significant increase in the loss of labor potential, indicators of temporary and permanent disability. Conclusion. The identified trend of socio-economic cost of cancer requires a careful monitoring over the implementation of measures stipulated by the Federal Program “Cancer Control”.
DYNAMICS IN MORTALITY AMONG WORKING-AGE POPULATION AND RESERVES FOR ITS REDUCTION IN THE IRKUTSK REGION
Authors:   Medical Information and Analytical Center of the Irkutsk region, Irkutsk, Russia, Bobkova Elena ,   East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, Russia
Published: January 2024

Significance. Analysis of dynamics in mortality among working-age population provides the necessary information to find reserves for its reduction. The purpose of the study was to assess dynamics in mortality among working-age population in the Irkutsk region and identify reserves for its reduction. Material and methods. The mortality rates among working-age population in 1990-2020 were analyzed by a 5-year interval, using data of the regional statistics office from the table “C51” “Distribution of the deceased by gender, age and cause of death”. To estimate the mortality reduction reserve, a model for calculating the «Years of Life Lost» indicator for 2020 was used. Results. The mortality rates among working-age population vary from a minimum of 614.2‰00 in 1990 to a maximum of 1164.2‰00 in 2005. From 2005 to 2020, there is a 37.1% decrease in mortality, but the 2020 indicator remains 19.1% higher than the one in 1990. The male mortality rate is higher compared to females with a maximum gap in 2000 (54.1%). From 1990 to 2010, the highest contribution to depopulation is made by the class of external causes (37.4%), and from 2010 to 2020 – by diseases of the circulatory system (30.0%). Using the Years of Life Lost model, it was determined that women and men under 70 could live longer by 5.07 years and 5.92, respectively, with a reduction in mortality from seven leading causes of death. Conclusion. The identified reserves of mortality reduction can serve basis for substantiating the focus areas of prevention to improve health of the population.
Changes in Capacity Building and Sustained Implementation Among a Statewide Coalition to Address Racial/Ethnic COVID-19 Disparities
Authors: Jones Dina M. , Taylor Elizabeth , Orloff Mohammed , Prewitt T. Elaine , Donald Katherine , Cornell Carol E. , Fagan Pebbles
Published: January 2024

This article describes Arkansas Community Engagement Alliance Against COVID-19 Disparities (CEAL) Coalition initiatives and changes in measures of organizational capacity and sustainability via two waves of surveys. The Arkansas CEAL Coalition used several initiatives to address racial/ethnic COVID-19 disparities by building the capacity of community-based organizations and businesses to increase COVID-19 protective behaviors among their clients. Our study can inform future strategies that use a community-engaged coalition structure to reduce disparities among communities that suffer disproportionately from COVID-19. (Am J Public Health. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S1):S59–S64. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307470 )
Addressing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy With Community Distribution of Conversation Cards
Authors: Kreuter Matthew W. , Butler Taylor , Kinzer Hannah , Carter Tyla , Laker Penina Acayo , Caburnay Charlene , Olagoke Ayokunle , Skinner Karen , Broadus Damon , Davis Matifadza Hlatshwayo
Published: January 2024

To increase community conversations about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, we distributed vaccine cardholders and conversation cards to 6000 newly vaccinated adults at vaccination sites and encouraged them to talk with unvaccinated friends and family members. In 257 onsite exit interviews, we found that cardholders and conversation cards were well liked, and most recipients expected to use them. Follow-up surveys two weeks later showed that 51% of respondents used a card to start a conversation and 41% gave a card to an unvaccinated friend or family member. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S1):S87–S91. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307481 )
Effectiveness of Community-Engaged Research Strategies in Increasing COVID-19 Vaccinations in Targeted Communities: The Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL) Regional Teams
Authors: Price Simani M. , Ferg Robyn , Eisenhauer Elizabeth W. , Chansky Melanie C. , Opsomer Jean D.
Published: January 2024

Objectives. To explore a key outcome of interest for the Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL) Regional Teams by examining COVID-19 vaccinations over time in US counties where CEAL teams operated and comparing them to demographically similar counties in the same state.

Methods. Our evaluation used a nonequivalent control group design. Each county where a CEAL team operated was matched to a unique non-CEAL county in the same state. Components of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Index were used as the matching criteria. COVID-19 vaccinations (county-level percentage of residents aged 18 years or older who are fully vaccinated) for CEAL and matched counties were analyzed over time.

Results. The mean percentage of vaccinated adults was significantly higher in CEAL counties than in matched non-CEAL counties. Sensitivity analyses confirmed conclusions did not change depending on the CEAL cohort or closeness of matches.

Conclusions. Our findings support CEAL team efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccinations in target communities and employ community-engaged research more broadly within public health contexts. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S1):S124–S127. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307517 )
ANALISIS PEMODELAN PRILAKU STABILITAS LERENG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI GEOSLOPE
Authors: Nofrizal Nofrizal , Nofrizal Nofrizal , Farhan Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Sitinjau Laut merupakan kawasan batuan bukit barisan yang didominasi oleh pelapukan batuan vulkanik berupa tanah liat, lempung pasir dengan batuan berukuran kerikil sampai bongkahan besar tanah liat dan lempung pasiran itu bersifat sangat plastis, jika terkena air sehingga pada tebing akan mudah memicu gerakan tanah (Ade Edwar, 2022). Pada tahun 2019 sering terjadi bencana alam longsor di ruas jalan Sitinjau Laut km 23, longsor terjadi akibat curah hujan yang tinggi dan struktur tebing yang curam dan menyebabkan jalan tidak bisa dilalui (DIBI, 2019). Jalan Sitinjau Laut merupakan sarana transportasi yang penting di Kota Padang, dampak dari longsor yang terjadi di ruas jalan Sitinjau Laut mengakibatkan terganggunya arus lalu lintas di jalan tersebut. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui nilai angka keamanan (Factor of Safety) dari lereng lokasi penelitian dengan menggunakan program Geo - Slope/W 2012. Dari hasil penelitian didapat kesimpulan bahwa nilai Factor of Safety (FoS) dari lereng dengan simulasi menggunakan software Geoslope/W 2012 yaitu sebesar 0,581. Dari hasil yang diperoleh dapat dikatakan bahwa lereng daerah penelitian tidak aman karena nilai Factor of Safety (FoS) kurang dari 1. Simulasi menggunakan beberapa variasi sudut 30 ̊, 45 ̊ ,60 ̊ dan 90 ̊ didapatkan nilai minimum dan maksimum Factor of Safety (FoS) kurang dari 1. Dengan demikian stabilitas lereng menggunakan beberapa variasi sudut tidak aman.
Lessons Learnt from A Study of Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Approach to The Molecular Diagnosis and Its Importance in Emerging Therapies and Preventive Measures
Authors:   Clinical Geneticist,  Department of Pediatrics, Nanavati Superspeciality Hospital, Vile parle, Mumbai 400056, India., Mallakmir Snehal , Shah Ami ,   Clinical Geneticist,  Department of Pediatrics, Nanavati Superspeciality Hospital, Vile parle, Mumbai 400056, India., Merchant Rashid ,   Senior Consultant Paediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Nanavati Superspeciality Hospital, Vile parle, Mumbai 400056, India.
Published: January 2024

Currently, there is no curative therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but several clinical trials are in progress. It is important to confirm diagnosis using molecular biology techniques. We discuss the molecular approach to diagnosis, limitations of various diagnostic methods and relevance in the light of various emerging therapies. Methods: We retrospectively studied 35 children, aged 3 to 18 years, with clinical phenotype of DMD and study of the dystrophin gene. Results and conclusion: 34 of the 35 children had a confirmed genetic diagnosis. One patient with negative genetic analysis had undergone muscle biopsy and immunohistochemistry for confirmation. New emerging therapies and clinical trials in this field demand an accurate diagnosis, especially when therapy is targeted towards specific mutations. In cases with no specific mutations, final diagnosis needs to be confirmed as well as other dystrophies ruled out in order to guide prognosis, preventive strategies, and family counselling.
Breast Cancer and Its Conventional Treatment: A Preliminary Review
Authors:   Nursing student, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India., Bashir Azeem , Verma Saloni ,   Nursing student, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India., Kaur Simrat ,   Associate professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India., Subashini S P ,   Dean, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: January 2024

Worldwide, breast cancer is the maximum common cancer in ladies and might be the leading cause of most cancers in women. Better-paid nations (HICs) have made terrific strides in enhancing the consequences of breast cancer. Between 1990 and 2014, the mortality price of breast cancers dropped by means of 34 percent due to the combination of superior pre-diagnosis and powerful adjuvant remedies. In evaluation, breast cancer is developing trouble in low- and center-earnings nations (LMICs), where the low prevalence price has risen to 5% according to year. The measures identified within the HICs had been no longer established in LMICs wherein complete control techniques from wealthy countries couldn't be fully utilized because of critical resource constraints associated with constrained personal sources, underdeveloped fitness care infrastructure, drug shortages and cultural obstacles.
Studies on Influence of Breeding Success and Genetic Diversity with in Honey Bee Species
Authors:   Library I/c, Department of Physical Education, Alagappa University College of Physical Education, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India., Padmavathi R. , Sethuraj P. ,   Assisant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Alagappa University College of Physical Education, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India., priya P.S. Rathi ,   Assistant Registrar, Department of Physical Education, Alagappa University College of Physical Education, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: January 2024

The majority of selection of traits desires in animal breeding are strongly influenced by the environment. The reason for this was that the simultaneous consideration of individuals and siblings performance in the early days of animal breeding /genetic diversity was rather intuitive. As a result of weighting factors account so for degree of kinship between the animals and describes the percentage of shared genes, originating from shared ancestors, inter relationship poses serious challenges in properly estimating breeding values of honey bee.
Awarenessof Medical Ethics among the Practitionersina Teaching Medical College, Hospital-A Survey
Authors:   Postgraduate student, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Medical College and Hospital, Ahmednagar -414111, Maharastra, India., kumari Kajal , Mhaske Sunil Natha ,   Dean, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Medical College and Hospital, Ahmednagar -414111, Maharastra, India.
Published: January 2024

There is growing public awareness regarding the ethical conduct of medical practitioners and complaints against physicians appear to be increasing. Changing doctor-patient relationship and commercialization of modern medical practice has affected medical practice. Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes towards medical ethics among doctors in a Teaching Medical College, Hospital. Study design: Observational descriptive study. Material and methods: A self-administered structured questionnaire was distributed to all doctors in a Teaching Medical College, Hospital, a total 110 practitioners of various clinical departments participated. Result: 90% of the total participants were well aware about medico legal cases. All the participants doing ethical practice out of them 12% practice as per the demand of the situation. Dichotomy should not be a part of medical practice expressed by 88% of participants. Awareness regarding MCI code of medical ethics 2002 shown by 52% of respondents and 57% knows the role of ethical committee in their institute. Majority, 88% of them expressed that 15 days duty in the department of Forensic Medicine should be mandatory during internship to handle the medicolegal cases properly.
The Role of Er YAG Laser in Modification of Pigmentation of Scar
Authors:   Senior resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharla Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., K Nishad , Chittoria Ravi Kumar ,   Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharla Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Mohan Padmalakshmi Bharathi ,   Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharla Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Pathan Imran ,   Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharla Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., K Shijina ,   Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharla Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Thomas Neljo ,   Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharla Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

The scar is a sequel of any trauma, surgery, orburns. If the scar becomes unsightly it influences the psychological or physical well beingness of the patient. The pigmentation difference of the scar with the surrounding skin is one factor that can make the scar unsightly. There are many methods of scar management. Laser Therapy using ErYAG laser is one method of management of scars that are widely used in western countries. In India, the data on scar management using ErYAG laser and the effect of ErYAG laser on the pigmentation of the scar is few. This study was conducted in atertiary care center in South Indiaon73 scars for 6 months.
POTENTIAL OF OSTEOINDUCTIVE ARTIFICIAL BONE GRAFT MATERIALS IN FUTURE BONE GRAFT MARKETS
Authors:   Pool officer, Divison of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Insitute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India., Pahuja Bindiya K , Duggal Rity ,   Professor and head, Divison of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Insitute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India., Duggal Isha ,   Senior Resident, Divison of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Insitute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
Published: January 2024

Bone grafts play a pivotal role in bone regenerative surgeries. Each physician from orthopedics to dentistry knows the three fundamental mechanisms of bone grafting that are osteo conduction, osteo-induction, and osteogenesis. However, there is a huge lacuna in the basic understanding of the variation and range of the function of the graft materials falling under the basic three categories. The popular tissue engineering “biological triad” consisting of cells, scaff old, and growth factors, remains the main stay of bone grafting techniues. However, the clinical success of bone grafting remains upheld by the basic understanding of their significant factors apart from the 3basic factors mentioned in tissue engineering triangle. An attempt has been made in the current article to acknowledge the rest of the important factors driving the clinical success of graft surgeries. The article further addresses all the recent modifications made to the tissue engineering triangle by providing special emphasis on Calcium phosphate osteo inductive graft materials due to their uniue MP promoting properties. The application of bone ceramics or calcium phosphates has increased tremendously over the past decade.
Unravelling the Knots between Uncontrolled Diabetes, Corticosteroids and SARS-CoV-2 in the Rising Incidence of “Deadlier” Mucormycosis
Authors:   Senior Consultant, Medical Affairs (Content and Communications), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400051, India., Jain Sonal
Published: January 2024

The second wave of COVID-19 in early 2021 has caused havoc across the globe and despite a bit flattening curve of SARS-CoV-2 cases in India, another fatal complication known as CAM created chaos in the whole country. An alarmingly high increase in the number of cases led to the healthcare infrastructure inadequacy due to excessive demand for hospital beds, drugs, oxygen, and vaccines. The rhino-orbital-cerebral form is the most common clinical presentation observed. A complex interplay between uncontrolled blood glucose, unjudicial use of corticosteroids and SARS-CoV-2 infection has to an upsurge in CAM cases. The majority of these cases had diabetes as predisposing comorbidity and corticosteroids were administered to treat COVID-19. Probable pathologic mechanisms may involve immunological and inflammatory processes. Diabetes, together with COVID-19 induces systemic immunological alterations, leading to decreased immunity and an augmented risk of secondary infections. Prolonged use of high-dose corticosteroids acts as another risk factor for CAM. The hypoxic conditions in COVID-19, uncontrolled diabetes, steroid-induced hyperglycemia, DKA, and increased ferritin levels due to SARS-CoV-2 mediated immunosuppression provide a perfect environment for the Mucorales spores germination in these patients. The recommended treatment strategies mainly include surgical debridement and antifungal therapy using Amphotericin B and selected azoles. Several clinical guidelines focusing on Indian patients have been proposed for accurate diagnosis of infection, identifying clinical presentation, understanding the pathogenesis mechanisms, and tracking the disease course for rapid management of the disease.
Role of Cyclic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Thermal Burns
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Singh P Barath Kumar , Chittoria Ravi Kumar ,   Professor & Head of IT Wing and Telemedicine, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

Thermal Burns are a major cause of morbidity. They cause both time and financial burdens on the patient and caregiver. Over the years, there has been drastic improvement in modalities used in the treatment of Thermal Burns. The recent treatment options include the use of negative pressure wound therapy. We would like to share our experience in the management of Thermal burns with Cyclic NPWT. A common treatment for both acute and chronic wounds is negative pressure wound therapy. NPWT is recommended for a range of difficult wounds, and certain research supports its usage in specific burn care procedures. Even though more study is required to fully understand the advantages for burns, NPWT has shown promise as a dressing that supports skin grafts, encourages the integration of bilaminate dermal substitutes, encourages the re-epithelialization of skin graft donor sites, and may even lessen the zone of stasis. Based on indication/application, this article analyses the literature on NPWT in burns and discusses our experience with modified NPWT for major burns.
Importance of Autopsy Report and Evidence Preservation in Judicial Conviction: An Illustration in a Rape and Murder Case
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India., Yadav Abhishek , Gupta Mohit ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India., Kumar Sikary Asit ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana 121012, India, Kumar Gupta Sudhir ,   Professor & Head, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India.
Published: January 2024

Autopsy examination includes external examination of body including injury description, internal examination, formulating opinion regarding cause of death and time since death. This is associated with evidence preservation, sealing and handing over to investigating officer for further analysis. Though this protocol of autopsy examination is well known to Autopsy surgeons, but they do not realize its importance during Judicial Proceedings. The authors report a case where careful evidence preservation during autopsy acted as a major ground in the conviction of accused and description of injuries aided in the decision of the quantum of Punishment. This case highlights the importance of even minor findings of the Autopsy report and their interpretation and correlation with the circumstances later on during the course of trial. The autopsy report can play a pivotal role in deciding the guilt of the accused and quantum of the Judgment, so they should be written with utmost precaution while maintaining highest unbiased scientific standards.
Differential Decomposition: A Case Report
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India., Dey Arijit , K. Kanwar Hemant ,   Senior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India., Chandran Varun ,   Senior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India., Sharma Neha ,   Senior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India., Basu Rohit ,   Junior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
Published: January 2024

Estimation of Postmortem Interval (PI) or Time since Death (TSD) is an important objective of post-mortem examination which connects an accused to the particular moment of time to prove his guilt or innocence. This plays an essential role in investigation of medico legal cases. In India, the PI/TSD is estimated on the basis of naked eye changes after death and it is always mentioned in every post-mortem report done by the Forensic Pathologist. This estimation is always a challenge for Forensic pathologists due to various variable factors. The authors present a case of a person who died in unknown time duration and the external changes observed were differential in different parts of the body, a phenomenon rarely cited in standard literature. The authors recommend intensive studies to be initiated in Indian settings to determine a scientific data for the actual time taken for the process of decomposition.
Study of Characteristic Burn Patterns Formed by Three Different Accelerants on Plastered Wall
Authors:   Research Scholar, UGC-SRF, Department of Forensic Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India., Banerjee Tulika , Kesharwani Lav ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India., Rarh Vimal ,   Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
Published: January 2024

One of the important aspect of arson investigation is to study the burn patterns or characteristics resulting from various accelerants. In India, the basic accelerants which are used to set fire to a scene include petrol, diesel and kerosene. This research article is based on the different types of burn patterns on plastered wall resulting from the use of three different accelerants which are being commonly used to set fire to a scene. Fire was initiated by spilling the accelerant on the plastered wall to simulate the scene of arson. An equal amount of each accelerant was taken for experimental purposes. The burn patterns provided by the three accelerants namely petrol, diesel and kerosene on the plastered wall shows some varying characteristics which help in differentiating the patterns caused by these accelerants. It is expected that results provided by this research will help the arson investigators in the investigation process.