bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Listening with Spirit and the Art of Team Dialogue
Authors: Levine Larry
Published: July 2002

Listening with spirit is the key skill which teams need to attain and
sustain creative dialogue. This is especially true for organizational
learning. Building on the distinction between dialogue and discussion,
poses the question: “What makes dialogue dialogue?” and also offers tools
for dialogue. The core of team dialogue is collectively listening with
spirit, that is: in a group, people listen (individually) with selfless
receptivity to each others′ ideas, thereby emptying themselves to create
a common vessel which – shaped by and sustained by the power of the
group′s collective listening – receives and contains a collective spirit.
Draws on multiple disciplines including ethnography and the spiritual
science of Austrian philosopher and founder of Waldorf Education,
Rudolph Steiner. Provides examples of how this approach has improved the
creativity of work teams. Also offers an explanation of how future
search conferences work using the idea of creating a container via
collective listening.
From Domination to Partnership: The Hidden Subtext for Sustainable
Change
Authors: Eisler Riane
Published: July 2002

Examines the contemporary discourse on environmental sustainability,
organizational change and transformational leadership in the larger
context of a shift from a dominator to a partnership model of social and
ideological organization. Traces the historic tension between these two
models, and argues that this tension is coming to a head today because
at our level of technological development a dominator model is not
sustainable. Analyses some of the key themes in organizational change
writings that address environmental sustainability, proposing that there
is an implicit subtext in much of this literature relating to
conventional gender roles and relations. Suggests that, as this subtext
becomes more visible, appropriate changes in policy can be more
effectively made.
Changing Patterns of Power, Chaotic Dynamics and the Emergence of a Post‐modern Organizational Paradigm
Authors: Jenner Richard A.
Published: July 2002

Argues that a shift of market power from business to consumers in recent years has resulted in a parallel shift to a post‐modern organizational paradigm that will ultimately replace traditional hierarchical organizations. The post‐modern paradigm, with diffused power, broad communications channels, and “chaotic” flows of ideas and information, is more flexible and creative, and, therefore, more competitive under conditions of substantial consumer power than traditional structures. Uses interdisciplinary concepts from cybernetics and chaotic dynamical theory to show how the hierarchical organizational structure emerged from an earlier pattern of market power and to indicate the nonlinear, holistic structure of the emerging paradigm.
The Relationship between Work Setting and Employee Behaviour:
Authors: Robertson Peter J.
Published: July 2002

It is argued that the behaviour of organizational members is influenced
to a large extent by characteristics of their work settings.
Furthermore, since individuals must change their behaviour in order for
organizational improvement to occur, planned organizational change can
be viewed as an attempt to change organizational work setting
characteristics such that individuals will adopt new, desirable
behaviours. Based on these premisses, explores the relationship between
organizational work settings and behaviour. In particular, three work
setting features that are often the target of intervention activity
– goals, managerial behaviour, and job designs – are examined regarding
their relationships with a set of employee behaviours relevant to
planned organizational change and, potentially, organizational
performance. Only goals demonstrate a significant relationship with the
frequency of these behaviours. Furthermore, the three work setting
variables do not appear to have an interactive effect on behaviour.
Consistency in behaviour is found to be related to the extent to which
important dimensions of the work setting variables are congruent with
each other. Implications for future research are discussed.
Globalization, borderless worlds, and the Tower of Babel
Authors: Green Carolyn , Ruhleder Karen
Published: July 2002

Discusses the visions of “global villages”,
“borderless worlds” and “towers of Babel” which,
according to the visionaries of our day, we are heading towards,
enhanced by the rapid development of communications and information
technologies. Explores the shortcomings of these metaphors and the
visions conveyed by them. Considers the means by which alternative
metaphors could be constructed in an effort to make sense of how
information technology‐supported globalization will re‐shape the world
in which we live.
Global ideals, local realities: the development project and
missionary management in Russia
Authors: Walck Christa L.
Published: July 2002

Since the break‐up of the Soviet Union, the Western media and
Western academics have used the benign rhetorical frames of
“democratization”, “privatization”,
“transition to a market economy” and “the management
revolution” to explain events in post‐Soviet Russia. Reframes the
rhetoric from these global ideals to the local reality of the
“development project” in Russia, interpreting events as a
continuing pattern of Western violence in which Americans are implicated
as “missionary managers”.
Historical foundations of organization learning
Authors: Mirvis Philip H.
Published: July 2002

Presents a broad review of theory and research about organizations as social, information processing, interpretive, and inquiring systems which locates the origins of key concepts behind organization learning. Shows how different schools of thought explain what is behind routine versus creative action in organizations, and what might be done to help people collectively unlearn old habits and develop new behaviours. Looks at contemporary models and practices, and considers to what extent holistic thinking and work arrangements will promote organizational learning, and how measures to enhance collective consciousness could enable people to learn how to learn.
Military perspectives of organizations
Authors: Winsor Robert D.
Published: July 2002

As the most common metaphor in organizational literature, the military perspective has greatly influenced business thought and practice. Delineates the various forms taken by the military metaphor in business, and discusses potential explanations for its increasing popularity. Considers the ethical and structural effects of military thinking on the organization.
Work, authority and participation: the scenario of circular organizing
Authors: Georges L. Romme A.
Published: July 2002

Explores a scenario for how work can be organized in a circular manner. Outlines two tendencies in work relations: a return to authoritarian governance of the workplace, and at the same time, the inevitable and necessary shift towards more participation. Subsequently, explores the possibility of a synthesis of traditional and participative work relationships by organizing work in a circular manner. Circularity implies that, although authority may continue to play an important role in the workplace, an ultimate authority is absent, and each member can participate directly or through representation in decision processes which are organized in circles.
Enhancing strategic partnerships
Authors: Buono Anthony F.
Published: July 2002

Although strategic alliances are increasingly commonplace, our understanding of these ventures is still evolving. Drawing on a consulting experience in a network organization, presents an intervention framework focused on issues related to creation, maintenance and assessment. Emphasizes lessons learned for managing and consulting in such partnerships.
Feelings and interpretations during an organization’s death
Authors: Barton Cunningham J.
Published: July 2002

An organization’s death exhibits many of the same feelings and reactions that humans experience with the loss of a loved one. People are forced to disconnect from established relationships and to reconnect with others. This disconnecting and reconnecting involves stages of anticipation or uncertainty, confirmation or recognition of the need for change, action, and adjustment. Describes an observational study of an organization which exhibits the feelings and reactions during different stages of an organization’s death. Three propositions explain how people cope during these stages: (i) Those who are able to take positive action have a more pronounced sense of their own ability to control their own destinies (internal locus of control) and a realistic feeling of invulnerability. (ii) The beliefs and illusions about an organization’s pending termination may be created and nourished by very little information, rumours and preconceived beliefs. (iii) Some people, who were more receptive to feedback, have some very realistic beliefs about their future and were very capable of adjusting their “paradigms” of how to respond to their future. The painful feelings of disconnecting might be assisted by feedback and support, while reconnecting to new organizations might depend on one’s attitudes and beliefs.
Wetlands and entrepreneurs: mapping the fuzzy zone between ecosystem preservation and entrepreneurial opportunity
Authors: Bryant Thomas A. , Bryant Joseph E.
Published: July 2002

The modern economy of North America has been built on nearly five centuries of natural resource exploitation. Wetlands have been part of that pattern, with drainage and filling used to convert them to higher economic values. Ecological research and social value changes have been accumulating in the last half of the twentieth century, however, and suggest that such behaviour is becoming less acceptable. Whereas the social incentives for entrepreneurs used to be unmitigated in their encouragement of the elimination of wetlands, evolving values suggest a radical restructuring is under way. The dividing line between heroic entrepreneurial exploitation and vilification for ecosystem damage is best understood as a shifting zone of uncertain values. Prudent entrepreneurs will monitor those value shifts closely.
Seeing environmental opportunities: effects of intrapreneurial ability, efficacy, motivation and desirability
Authors: Hostager Todd J. , Neil Thomas C. , Decker Ronald L. , Lorentz Richard D.
Published: July 2002

In this paper we present a model that shows how ability, efficacy, motivation and desirability affect performance in the task of recognizing new environmental opportunities. Drawing on decades of research, ranging from Bandura’s landmark studies of self‐efficacy to Lindsley et al. model of efficacy‐performance spirals, we provide a series of propositions for future research and identify a range of practices for achieving increased performance through enhanced ability, efficacy, motivation and desirability.
The relevance of charisma for transformational leadership in stable organizations
Authors: Hinkin Timothy R. , Tracey J. Bruce
Published: July 2002

One of the primary dimensions of the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) developed by Bass and associates is idealized influence, or charisma. However, there has been very little empirical support for this dimension in a number of previous studies. We argue that this lack of support is due to the attributional nature of charisma and the situational impact on the existence of, or the need for, charismatic leadership. The current study supported this contention and provided a more parsimonious operationalization of the MLQ, which did not include the idealized influence dimension.
Expectational learning in knowledge communities
Authors: Hustad Wiggo
Published: July 2002

How do organizations learn? By examining the literature in this area, several problems in the conventional wisdom about organizational learning are explored. The conditions that enable collective knowledge creation, including the role of expectations, and the effects of these conditions on the knowledge creation process are discussed. The empirical basis of this study is a complex oil field deployment project in the Norwegian Sea. The study demonstrates that expectations trigger learning processes. It also shows that different kinds of experiences are connected to different activity types. The ability to organize integrated teams across formal organizations and run concurrent activities appear to be important means of pulling tacit knowledge to the surface.
A conceptual framework for TQM implementation for SMEs
Authors: Mohd Yusof Sha’ri , Aspinwall Elaine
Published: July 2002

The proposed framework for TQM implementation in SMEs described in this paper centres on three main elements: the “quality toolbox”, “general methodology” and the “central co‐ordinating body”. It is believed that the adoption of TQM in SMEs must not be a fully blown approach but a gradual progression and selection of appropriate “quality tools and initiatives” as and when necessary, with the ultimate aim of continuous improvement in the organisation. The suggested methodology consists of a series of activities which can help towards making a selected quality initiative become a permanent feature of the organisation. The proposed framework is intended to be non‐prescriptive and the adoption of a quality initiative to be dependent upon the needs and priorities established by the company. Concludes with a discussion of, and the proposed future direction for, this research.
The propagation of quality management concepts in the Indian manufacturing industry: some empirical observations
Authors: Mandal P. , Love P.E.D. , Sohal A.S. , Bhadury B.
Published: July 2002

Presents findings from a study that investigated the propagation of quality management practices among Indian manufacturing companies over a period of 16 years from 1980 to 1996. Reports the findings of a mail questionnaire survey conducted on 500 selected companies from 14 manufacturing sectors. The extent to which quality management practices have been implemented is reported and the obstacles to adoption are identified. The spread of quality initiatives in various functional areas is analysed and discussed. The paper will be of particular interest to practicing managers as it identifies a number of policies that governments may use to stimulate the adoption of quality management concepts in developing countries.
Sustaining business excellence through a framework of best practices in TQM
Authors: Lee Pui‐Mun
Published: July 2002

Most organizations recognize that total quality management (TQM) is important but many do not know where to begin or how to sustain it in the long run. There are many examples of organizations that have successfully implemented quality management but there are also as many organizations that have failed in their implementations and perhaps many more that hesitate to embark on the quality journey. In fact, the growth and adoption of TQM in companies have to be facilitated increasingly by national governments. National governments are increasingly playing an active role in promoting and encouraging organizations to embrace TQM practices. Many countries have established national quality awards or business excellence awards to recognize deserving companies. Presents an excellence model for implementing and sustaining business excellence through a structured approach in implementing some of the best practices in TQM found in national quality award winners. Hopes that such a model would guide aspiring organizations in their quality journey. Develops the model using a case study approach on four past winners of the Singapore Quality Award.
Improving Your Key Business Processes
Authors: Jones Christopher R.
Published: July 2002

Discusses how Unisys Ltd in the UK and other leading companies are
finding that performance measuring and improving key business processes
form a vital part of a company‐wide improvement strategy. Using examples
from Unisys, shows how cross‐functional methods of process improvement
are being deployed to this end. Discusses the key business processes,
breaking these down further into delivery and support processes. Looks
at how to exploit the challenges and opportunities to be found in the
1990s and how to structure measuring, improving, planning and
controlling the key business processes as part of a company‐wide
strategy.
Supplier Audits as Part of a Supplier Partnership
Authors: Saunders Andrew G.
Published: July 2002

Where material and component suppliers are regarded as partners in the
activity of satisfying customers, the adversarial approach to supplier
auditing is not appropriate. Describes a method of supplier auditing,
based on the ISO 9000 standard but aiming to resolve problems jointly.
In this method, all aspects of the supplier’s business process, from
receiving and reviewing and order, through manufacture to delivery, are
reviewed by the auditor to ensure that they meet minimum acceptable
standards and to identify opportunities to improve. The auditor acts as
a fresh pair of eyes in reviewing the management system. This method
aims to identify opportunities for improvement in the customer‐supplier
relationship which will improve quality, delivery and service and has
been used successfully by the author’s company for several years.
Quality Costing – The Money in Mistakes
Authors: Maycock Jan A. , Shaw Tony
Published: July 2002

A pilot study was developed to test out quality costing techniques from
industry and to apply them to the NHS. Quality costing is a method of
evaluating and prioritizing the cost of resources wasted through not
getting it right first time. The approach focuses on processes and
systems rather than on individuals and avoids the temptation to
apportion blame. The approach tested in the study involved: surveying
staff experiences, mapping the activities of the hospital, attaching
costs to key activities, establishment of the “opportunity costs” of
problems identified on the survey and cost analysis. The results
demonstrate that the frustrations or problems identified when evaluated
as opportunity costs represented 5 to 10 per cent of total costs.
The cultural transferability of business and organizational
re‐engineering: examples from South‐east Asia
Authors: McKenna Steve
Published: July 2002

Re‐engineering presumes that organizational structures and
processes govern behaviours in an organization; seen as, essentially, a
North American approach to management. Investigates the transferability
of the re‐engineering concept, as proposed by Hammer and Champy, to two
companies in Thailand and Singapore. Concludes that, while BPR is
difficult to introduce successfully at the best of times, it is close to
impossible in a non‐Western culture in the forms suggested by its US
proponents.
Japanese 5‐S practice
Authors: Ho Samuel K. , Cicmil Svetlana
Published: July 2002

States that Japanese factories and service organizations are well known for their cleanliness and orderliness. Suggests that this results from their ability to instil a sense of responsibility and discipline into their workers, particularly at plant level. Describes the Japanese 5‐S practice, the logic behind which is that organization, neatness, cleanliness, standardization and discipline at the workplace are basic requirements for producing high‐quality products and services, with little or no waste, while maintaining high levels of productivity. Aims to promote the 5‐S technique and explore the reasons why it has been widely used in Japan as the first step towards TQM in both the manufacturing and services industries. Also discusses the implementation of the 5‐S with the use of two case examples.
National traits in TQM principles and practices
Authors: Harrington H. James
Published: July 2002

Points out that we have accepted on faith many of our improvement tools without really understanding their impact on the performance of the organization. Challenges some of the basic principles on which total quality management was founded. Presents data from the International Quality Study performed over a three‐year period by Ernst & Young and the American Quality Foundation, which, with over two million pieces of information in its database, is the largest, most complete management practice benchmark resource in the world today. Highlights similarities and differences between countries. Defines best practices based on the statistical analysis of the business results achieved internationally.
Departmental purpose analysis
Authors: O’Brien Dick , Irving Susan
Published: July 2002

Outlines the results of a departmental purpose analysis project undertaken with the administration section of Cumbria Social Service Inspection unit. The project compared the definitions of purpose and tasks perceived by administration staff with those of their main internal customers.
What’s in the basket? A survey on integrated management through BPR and TQM
Authors: Zairi Mohamed
Published: July 2002

Presents evidence from a survey conducted in four industrial sectors (health care, public, service and manufacturing), in order to: ascertain the level of understanding, usage and also the degree of effectiveness of the business process re‐engineering (BPR) concept in all the sectors concerned; and check the degree of compatibility and synergy between BPR and other concepts such as total quality management (TQM), self‐assessment and benchmarking, in providing an integrated approach to effective management. In total, 65 responses were obtained, giving a response rate of 13 per cent across the four sectors concerned. Discusses some of the key findings which emerged from the study and some conclusions and implications.
A systems model of effective teamwork
Authors: Ingram Hadyn , Teare Richard , Scheuing Eberhard , Armistead Colin
Published: July 2002

Argues that, despite increasing interest in teamwork, much of the literature on the subject is inconclusive and often derived from anecdote rather than primary research. Seeks to develop an empirically‐based conceptual framework with which to characterize effective teamwork in the hospitality industry. Reviews the literature and empirical research on the subject; then proposes a descriptive systems model of the key characteristics of effective teamwork featuring inputs, throughputs and outputs. Suggests that throughputs may be the greatest determinant of team effectiveness and that this may have implications for the way in which management approaches the development of self‐directed teams in the future.
The use of customer‐ and employee‐based performance measures in The Times top 500 companies
Authors: Stone Claire Louise , Banks J. Maria
Published: July 2002

Discusses the degree to which customer‐ and employee‐based measures of performance are used within The Times top 500 companies, as revealed by a postal survey carried out in 1995 and from initial findings from six in‐depth case studies. The inquiry was initiated as a result of the continuing wave of changes resulting from the performance measurement revolution and ongoing developments in the field of total quality management. Investigates the generation and use of the measures and assesses the commonality between management theory and reported practice. Concludes that, although best practice (in academic terms) is apparent in some companies, the use of these measures in the determination of business strategy has not yet become standard practice.
Improving the quality of support staff personnel
Authors: Motwani Jaideep , Kumar Ashok
Published: July 2002

By means of a case study, illustrates how a Midwest service organization in the USA was able to improve the efficiency and productivity of its support staff. Suggests that the process can be used by other service organizations wanting to improve the efficiency and productivity of their support staff personnel.
Underpinning modern project management with TQM principles
Authors: Bryde David J.
Published: July 2002

Draws on the experiences of the author working in various project management positions to illustrate the application of TQM to the process of modern project management. Provides guidance on the application of five fundamental quality principles in project management. Emphasizes that a focus on customer requirements is essential.Charts the journey organizations and project managers may take in implementing quality project management.
A journey towards total quality management through ISO 9000 certification ‐ a Singapore experience
Authors: Quazi Hesan A. , Padibjo Samuel R.
Published: July 2002

Highlights the importance of TQM for SMEs to improve their current business practices as well as quality of products and services, to ensure long‐term survival. However, there are several barriers to effective implementation of TQM in such organizations, namely, the apparent lack of business experience and knowledge, and limitation of financial as well as human resources. Singaporean SMEs account for a large share of its economy; however, little has been written on how TQM has been applied in these companies in Singapore and the region. Reports the results of a number of case studies conducted among a sample of seven local SMEs in Singapore.
Sustaining total quality management: what are the key issues?
Authors: Dale B.G. , Boaden R.J. , Wilcox M. , McQuater R.E.
Published: July 2002

From both fieldwork and the academic literature a number of issues have been identified which impact negatively on the sustaining of TQM in manufacturing organizations. The issues reflect a variety of business operations perspectives including continuous improvement, organizational behaviour, human resources management, industrial relations and the labour process. They have been grouped into a five‐part categorization of internal/external environment, management style, policies, organization structure, and the process of change and configured into a TQM sustaining audit tool. Describes, in brief, these categories and issues and presents some of the findings from their examination, using the audit tool, at six manufacturing sites.
Enabling economic quality and organizational responsiveness through the distribution of processes, information and values
Authors: Church Michael
Published: July 2002

Identifies two general principles ‐ level‐specific processes and information ‐ for shaping the distributed control by which living systems deal with complex environments, introducing their application to organizations. Since the effective appliction of principles such as these depends on an understanding of organizations as social systems, explores the concept of signalling values in system design ‐ an area in which there is believed to be a significant failure in current top management practice.
The root cause myth
Authors: Finlow‐Bates T.
Published: July 2002

Argues that root cause analysis as it is often used is grounded on tools which are weak and confusing. Illustrates this discussion on root cause analysis with examples. Reviews policy and risk in the light of the discussion. Counsels avoidance of the “mythological absolute” of root cause analysis.
Competition: what does it really mean?
Authors: Walley Keith
Published: July 2002

Extends a discussion concerning competition. A model is introduced, based on the concept of the extended product, in order to help TQM practitioners manage the competitiveness of their products. Further, a discussion is initiated which addresses a number of issues relating to competition.
Performance improvement: was W. Edwards Deming wrong?
Authors: Harrington H. James
Published: July 2002

Performance evaluations (appraisals) have been blamed for everything from team destruction to personal demoralization. The problem is not the concept of performance evaluation but the way they have been implemented. This technical report provides a sound path to effect constructive appraisals.
Performance inprovement: a manager for the twenty‐ first century ‐ part I
Authors: Harrington H. James
Published: July 2002

Managers are people who accomplish tasks through others. For the twenty‐first century, managers should be defined as people who accomplish tasks through their effective use of processes and enablers. This paper defines what the new manager will look like in the twenty‐first century. It is the first of a two‐part paper.
Within the Canadian boundaries: a close look at Canadian industries implementing continuous improvement
Authors: Jha Shelly , Michela John , Noori Hamid
Published: July 2002

This paper summarises the results of a survey of how Canadian firms are implementing continuous improvement (CI) programs, where CI is defined as a set of activities intended to achieve ongoing improvement in customer satisfaction, productivity, and quality. The paper first summarizes and compares certain market and organisational characteristics of survey respondents from the auto and auto parts, electronics, metals and metal‐processing, and food‐processing industries. Next, the study examines the extent to which specific CI practices are being implemented within each industry. Conclusions are presented, based on statistical analysis, on similarities and contrasts among the four industries in the extent to which they implement particular CI practices. Finally, the authors seek to provide insights into why each industry establishes its CI practices at specific levels, by relating the adoption of CI practices to the market and organisational characteristics of firms in that industry.
Integrated management systems: an examination of the concept and theory
Authors: Wilkinson G. , Dale B.G.
Published: July 2002

This paper relates the main findings of a literature review of integrated management systems (IMS). In general, integration has been discussed in the literature dealing with quality, environmental, and health and safety management. The need for an IMS has arisen as a result of the decisions of organisations to implement an environmental management system and/or an occupational health and safety management system in addition to a quality management system. A number of differences have been identified in the interpretation of what integration means and how it should be accomplished. This leads the authors to conclude that the need for definitions is of some urgency. It is also pointed out that the current emphasis is on achieving compatibility between the standards to facilitate alignment.
Managing excellence: policy and strategy
Authors: Zairi Mohamed
Published: July 2002

This paper is part of a series addressing the topic of business excellence from a practical, evidence‐based approach. One of the critical aspects of being successful in a modern business context is having clear vision, a balanced journey for the future based on a market‐oriented approach and building core competencies of the organisations concerned. The richness of best practices covered in this paper demonstrates that policy and strategy has to be tackled as a whole process which needs to be managed and reviewed on a regular basis.
Ten useful and practical tips for making your industrial experiments successful
Authors: Antony Jiju
Published: July 2002

Industrial experiments have shown an unprecedented success for improving the product and process quality in many manufacturing organisations. This paper provides some useful and practical tips to industrial engineers with limited knowledge in experimental design (ED) for making industrial experiments successful in their own organisations. ED is a powerful tool which can be used to achieve breakthrough improvements in product quality and process effectiveness. The purpose of the paper is to stimulate the engineering community to start applying ED for tackling quality control problems in key processes they are dealing with everyday.
Medical Management
Authors: Mark Annabelle
Published: July 2002

Using current research into the management training of doctors in the
UK, looks at some of the personal rather than just the organizational
issues which arise from the development of doctors as managers. The
variety of interpretations of the role raises a number of questions,
some of which are highlighted: for example, the status of the management
activity for doctors; the option of professional retreat from, or
isolation in, difficult managerial roles; parttime management;
disempowerment of other professionals; re‐entry needs to full‐time
professional clinical work; women doctors as managers and the double‐ or
even triple‐glazed ceilings which they face. Some positive trends are
evident, e.g. the impact of successful female chief executives as role
models, the impact of training, but no one solution has emerged and this
trend itself is seen as encouraging, given the context of a complex and
ever changing environment.
A Personal Perspective on Valuing Difference
Authors: Cork Howard
Published: July 2002

Captures the author′s experience of working as a foreigner in Australia
and the United States for a number of years. He obtained a personal
insight into equal opportunities issues which has continued with him now
he has returned to working in a while, male‐dominated business and
management environment within the UK. An entertaining piece that raises
some fundamental questions about valuing differences.
Managing change: an emerging new consensus
Authors: Edmonstone John
Published: July 2002

The management of change has been a continuing concern for NHS
managers. Suggests that many of the change processes over the last 25
years have been subject to fundamental flaws, preventing the successful
management of change. Outlines a new approach for the management of
change and examines the implications for management practice, the role
of top management, and of external and internal consultancy/advisory
resources.
Nurse practitioners in the USA – their past, present and
future
Authors: Asubonteng Patrick , McCleary Karl J. , Munchus George
Published: July 2002

Chronicles the role of nurse practitioners from their early
beginnings to the present. Not only examines this group′s history but
also explores their present role in health care delivery. Discusses
interprofessional relationships along with consumer perceptions of their
function. Concludes with an analysis of the issues facing nurse
practitioners and future implications for their viability.
Ambulatory patient groups and redefining the roles of health care providers’ delivery services in the USA
Authors: Asubonteng Patrick , Middleton Renee , Munchus George
Published: July 2002

Provides a review and analysis of the ambulatory patient groups classification system. Discusses a review of the history, development and implementation process. Concludes that in the ongoing efforts to move towards full‐managed care in the not‐so‐distant future, ambulatory patients groups are another potential cost‐cutting remedy for current health care providers and that future research into this issue is a must for public policy makers.
Hospital closure: Phoenix, Hydra or Titanic?
Authors: Dunne Tim , Davis Sharon
Published: July 2002

Very little has been published about the effects of hospital closure in terms of the service, financial or management issues of the process. Attempts through a case‐study format to redress the balance and as such represents the reflections of practitioners who have recently undergone the experience of hospital closure and the often neglected issues arising both during and after the process.
Community entry ‐ an essential component of participation
Authors: Ullah Tareen Ehsan , Abu Omar Mayeh
Published: July 2002

Sees community entry as a prelude to any action that will take place in a true partnership with the community. Lists a series of steps involved in achieving community entry drawn from a project in Pakistan. Considers the role of the participatory worker and project management team in terms of meetings, discussions and the development of individual relationships.
Building human resources capability in health care: a global analysis of best practice ‐ part II
Authors: Zairi Mohamed
Published: July 2002

This paper is the second from a series of three, addressing human resource practices using best practice examples. The analysis covered is based on the experiences of organizations that have won the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) in the USA. The sub‐criteria covered in this benchmarking comparative analysis covers the following areas: human resource planning and management; employee involvement; employee education and training; employee performance and recognition; employee wellbeing and satisfaction. The paper concludes by reflecting on the likely implications for health‐care professionals working in the human resource field.
The Role of Tourism in the EC and Prospects for Eastern Europe
Authors: Harrop Jeffrey
Published: July 2002

Analyses the economic effects of international tourism on EC member
states. Tourism has been a neglected transactions indicator for EC
integration. Emphasis is given to the equilibrating role of tourism on
the balance of payments for most member states; also highlights the
positive regional benefits from tourism, examines a case for a stronger
and more co‐ordinated tourism policy for the EC. Finally, considers the
role of tourism as a vehicle for reintegrating the countries of Eastern
Europe.
The Business Environment in Russia:
Authors: Dent Christopher
Published: July 2002

Examines the general context of present and future business
opportunities in Russia with particular reference to the recent economic
reform process. Covers such areas as the political climate, the state of
industry, the evolving private sector, privatization, legal and fiscal
reforms, macroeconomic policy, banking, foreign investment, trade, human
capital and employment. Concludes that, although the immediate prospects
of the Russian economy appear uncertain, the longer‐term potential is
huge, considering its possession of certain key advantages that should
prove durable.
Developing the Euro‐manager: managing in a multicultural
environment
Authors: Darby Roger
Published: July 2002

No Euro‐manager can survive and function effectively without first
understanding the subtleties and complexities of managing in a
multicultural environment. It is fundamental that Euro‐managers are able
to identify, negotiate and mediate within the cross‐cultural milieu
known as the international marketplace. The traditional model of the
“expatriate” manager, chosen by organizations primarily for
functional expertise, has limited value. The development process from
the expatriate manager to the “international” manager
involves the crucial factor of cross‐cultural awareness leading to the
improved performance of the organization.
Europe and East Asia: a trade relationship examined
Authors: Dent Christopher M.
Published: July 2002

Examines a number of different, but closely related, perspectives
on trade links between Europemore specifically, the European Union
– and the East Asian region. Analyses the recent development and
success of the region′s economies, discussing the key determinants of
that success. Evaluates patterns of European‐East Asian trade that
enable a focus on the nature of the trade opportunities which present
themselves for European businesses with the East Asia region, and offers
insight, as well as practical advice, as to how to approach those
opportunities.
Managing vocational training as a joint venture ‐ can the German approach of co‐operative education serve as a model for the United States and other countries?
Authors: Weihrich Heinz , Seidenfuss Kai‐Uwe , Goebel Volker
Published: July 2002

Introduces the traditional German apprenticeship training approach which has been received favourably in US governments (federal and state) and in industry, but suggests that certain conditions in America do not favour heavy investment in such training. Shows that the educational transfer of the apprenticeship model may be facilitated by German firms investing and operating in the United States, as proved by the electronic giant Siemens which is committed to implementing the proven apprenticeship model in its US subsidiaries. Shows that the apprenticeship model alone may be insufficient, and may need to be supplemented by a higher level, dual system education which integrates theory and practice. Proposes that the Vocational Academy programme, illustrated by the Mercedes‐Benz experience, may fill this gap ‐ not to supplant the apprenticeship training, but to supplement it. Suggests that both the apprenticeship model and the Vocational Academy model, may fill an important need for an educational joint venture approach, not only in the United States but also in other countries, by making business and government organizations more competitive in the global market.
Changing attitudes of consumers towards the products and associated marketing practices of selected European countries versus the USA, 1975‐95
Authors: Darling John R. , Taylor Raymond E.
Published: July 2002

Presents a longitudinal study examining the attitudes of consumers towards the products and associated marketing practices of selected European countries versus the USA. Covers the period from 1975‐95, focusing on Germany, the UK and France. Concludes, in particular, that there is a significant difference in the attitudes of consumers with regard to the products and associate marketing practices of these European countries in comparison to the USA.
The limitations of low labour costs as an inducement to foreign direct investment: an example from the motor industry
Authors: Husan Rumy
Published: July 2002

Using the example of the motor industry in Poland, attempts to explain why foreign direct investment (FDI) has, in this sector, during the post‐reform period (i.e. since 1990) remained rather low. This is despite the fact that the labour costs are a small fraction of those in advanced economies. Argues that other factors frequently outweigh the comparative advantage of low labour costs. Suggests the following factors: low labour productivity; internally‐controlled labour costs of an enterprise on average account for only 14 per cent per unit cost of a compact model; transport and related costs of imports; low volume production, and the necessity of substantial, ever‐increasing amounts of flexible, high‐tech equipment for start up. In combination, these factors help explain why unit costs in “non‐technology frontier areas” are frequently in excess of those prevailing in the advanced economies, and so act as a disincentive to FDI.
Some thoughts on anti‐dumping laws: utilitarianism, human rights and the case for repeal
Authors: McGee Robert W.
Published: July 2002

Anti‐dumping laws have been around for decades. They have increased in importance in recent years and will become even more important in the future as a result of the Uruguay Round and the creation of the World Trade Organization. Yet anti‐dumping laws are inherently protectionist because they protect domestic producers at the expense of consumers. They have a chilling effect on price competition and cause the prices on a wide range of products to be higher than would otherwise be the case. Examines the anti‐dumping laws in theory and practice, from both a utilitarian and human rights context, and concludes that these laws cannot be justified on any reasonable grounds. Calls for their repeal, the sooner the better.
Regionalism in Southeast Asia: opportunities and threats for the European Union
Authors: Dent Christopher M.
Published: July 2002

This paper analyses the current and potential impact of Southeast Asia’s regionalism on the European Union. It begins by giving an overview of the different manifestations that this regionalism takes (ASEAN and AFTA, sub‐regional economic zones, APEC) and comments on the overlapping linkages between them. The EU’s stake in Southeast Asia is then discussed in the context of broadening the EU’s interregional relations with East Asia. A detailed evaluation of the opportunities and threats that regionalist developments in Southeast Asia pose to the EU is presented thereafter. It is argued that the balance of effects will vary less for “insider” EU firms, which have established operations within ASEAN, and more for “outsider” EU firms. The potential benefits the former anticipate from Southeast Asian regionalism are considerable.
Dual Ladder “in Balance”
Authors: van Wees Lucas , Jansen Paul
Published: July 2002

The system of two career ladders, one for managers, the other for
(top‐level) specialists or professionals, has worked satisfactorily up
to a certain level. There are, however, indications that there will be a
change in the “natural” career progression in the near future. Responsible
for this are rising educational level of the workforce, onset of lean,
knowledge‐driven companies which are competence‐based, and doubts about
the effectiveness of the classical manager. Studies the concept of a
“career”, and current changes in career motivations and opportunities of
managers and professionals. To illustrate, describes how three large
Dutch companies recruit their future top‐level managers and
professionals. In particular, the career aspirations and opportunities
of an important group of professionals, viz. engineers will be
investigated. Finally, suggests how to align career path and motives
with organizational requirements, both for managers and for
professionals. Compares HRM policy with the way in which Japanese
companies manage careers and transitions between managers and
professionals.
Effects of Employment Gaps on Satisfactions and Career Prospects of
Managerial and Professional Women
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , McKeen Carol A.
Published: July 2002

Describes a study which examined the relationship of employment gaps to
measures of work outcomes and emotion wellbeing. Data were collected
from a diverse sample of 792 managerial and professional women using
questionnaires completed anonymously. Managerial women with more
employment gaps were older, more likely married, had more children if
married, earned less income and worked fewer hours and extra‐hours per
week. Women with more employment gaps also reported less career
satisfaction, less job involvement and less optimistic career prospects.
Employment gaps were not, however, related to psychological wellbeing.
Women reporting more employment gaps earned less income though having
more work experience and similar educational qualifications and
credentials.
Self‐assessment of Thinking and Problem Solving
Authors: King Albert S.
Published: July 2002

Presents an overview of studies of the brain revealing that the cerebral
cortex is divided into two hemispheres along with emergent implications
for teaching the two‐sided mind and career selection in an experiential
exercise format. The exercise follows a heuristic pattern of
user‐friendly self‐discovery allowing participants to compare their
actual thinking and problem‐solving behaviour with their professed
attitudes in terms of left, right, and mixed brain patterns. For
participants the exercise helps to: identify styles along with factors
affecting attitudes and behaviour; increase understanding of the
relationship and complexity between attitudes and behaviour; and to
become more aware of their own attitudes and behaviour in career choice,
training, and diverse situations. For career planning, instructional
design and training managers the instrumented feedback design provides a
tool for educational research and a conceptual analytic framework for
recognizing the contingent complexity and feasibility issues involved in
successful implementation of career and diversity training management.
Trends in recruitment: a ten‐year retrospective view
Authors: Redman Tom , Mathews Brian P.
Published: July 2002

Examines the changing employment market in personnel by comparing
recruitment advertisements with their counterparts of ten years ago.
Variations over time reflect changes in the values of employers and
changes in the nature of employment. Finds that the public sector is now
more prominent in recruitment, HRM is developing as a specific function,
experience requirements are becoming more specific and the Institute of
Personnel Management (IPM) qualifications are more in demand. Overall
effectiveness of job advertisements has also improved slightly, but
there appears to be ample scope for further development.