bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Development, Net Exports and National Productivity
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Adi Sujarwo , Sulisnaningrum Ema
Published: October 2021

This study aims to understand the development of technology, net exports, and national productivity. This study uses secondary data from world banks and processed regression using the moving average autoregression method. We find that technology is positively related to gross domestic product and net exports is negatively related to the gross domestic product which is an indicator of national productivity. Based on the estimation, technology development or technology investment in Indonesia tends to be import-based so that it suppresses net exports and results in a decrease in net exports in line with technology development, even though technology investment in the form of high technology development encourages economic growth.
Investment in Technology Development and Investment in the Business Sector in Enhancing Economic Growth, Inclusion of Domestic and Export Markets
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Trisna Wijaya Rizal , Sulisnaningrum Ema
Published: October 2021

This study aims to examine investment in technology development and investment in the business sector in increasing economic growth, the inclusion of domestic and export markets. This study uses secondary data from world banks and processed regression using the moving average autoregression method with the study period from 2000 to 2019. We find that Indonesia's economic growth is supported by informal businesses or micro, small, and medium enterprises that market their products domestically with Indonesian residents. very many and abroad where both domestic and domestic and foreign markets both contribute to Indonesia's economic growth.
Dimensi Historis Pendidikan Islam Dinasti Fatimiyyah
Authors: Abdi Nugroho M. Wahyu
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The Fatimid dynasty was an dynasty founded by Ubaidillah al-Mahdi with an understanding of Shia Ismailiyah. This dynasty reached its peak of glory when the center of government moved to the Cairo. By that time, Cairo had become the center of Muslim intellectual and scientific activity in the Islamic world. This paper aims to describe the intellectual and scientific development of Islam during the Fatimid dynasty. The method is used in this research is descriptive analysis with a historical approach. This method is a process of critically examining and analyzing past records and relics in the form of written text. The results of the literary analysis carried out show that there was a role for educational institutions during the Fatimid dynasty. Among these educational institutions are; Mosques, Dar al-Ilm and Dar al-Hikmah Libraries, and al-Azhar University. Educational institutions during the Fatimid dynasty were Shia Isma'iliyyah schools with a system of formal, informal, and non-formal educational institutions. In general, educational institutions during the Fatimid dynasty had a big role in the educational revolution in the world. However, it also plays a negative role in Islamic civilization which aims to spread the Shia madzhab in Islamic life.

Keywords: The Fatimid dynast, history of islamic education

 

Abstrak

Dinasti Fatimiyah yang didirikan oleh Ubaidillah al-Mahdi dengan pemahaman Syiah Isma’iliyyah mencapai puncak kegemilangan ketika pusat pemerintahan berpindah ke kota Kairo. Pada saat itulah, Kairo telah menjadi pusat intelektual muslim dan kegiatan ilmiah dunia Islam. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan perkembangan intelektual dan ilmu pengetahuan agama Islam pada masa Dinasti Fatimiyyah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis – deskriptif dengan pendekatan historis. Metode ini merupakan proses menguji dan menganalisa secara kritis rekaman dan peninggalan masa lampau yang berupa teks tertulis. Hasil dari analisis literer yang dilakukan bahwa adanya peran lembaga-lembaga pendidikan yang terdapat pada masa Dinasti Fatimiyyah. Di antara lembaga-lembaga pendidikan tersebut adalah; Masjid, Pepustakaan Dar al-Ilm dan Dar al-Hikmah, Universitas al-Azhar. Lembaga pendidikan di masa dinasti Fatimiyah bermazhab Syi’ah Isma’iliyyah dengan sistem lembaga pendidikan formal, informal, dan non-formal. Secara umum lembaga pendidikan pada masa dinasti Fatimiyah memiliki andil besar dalam revolusi pendidikan di dunia. Tetapi, juga berperan negatif dalam peradaban Islam yang bertujuan untuk menyebarkan mazhab Syi’ah dalam kehidupan Islam.

Kata kunci: Dinasti Fatimiyah, Sejarah Pendidikan Islam
Application of Reverse Transcription Droplet Digital PCR for Detection and Quantification of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Authors: Lee Hyo-Jeong , Park Ki Beom , Han Yeon Soo , Jeong Rae-Dong
Published: October 2021

Plant viruses cause significant yield losses, continuously compromising crop production and thus representing a serious threat to global food security. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the most harmful plant virus that mainly infects horticultural crops and has a wide host range. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) has been widely used for detecting TSWV with high sensitivity, but its application is limited owing to the lack of standardization. Therefore, in this study, a sensitive and accurate reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR) method was established for TSWV detection. Additionally, we compared the sensitivities of RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR for TSWV detection. Specificity analysis of RT-ddPCR for TSWV showed no amplification for main pepper viruses and negative control. TSWV transcripts levels measured by RT-ddPCR and RT-qPCR showed a high degree of linearity; however, the former yielded results that were at least 10-fold more sensitive and detected lower TSWV copy numbers than the latter. Collectively, our findings show that RT-ddPCR provides improved analytical sensitivity and specificity for TSWV detection, making it suitable for identifying low TSWV concentrations in field samples.
As obrigações processuais penais positivas segundo os precedentes das cortes europeia e interamericana de direitos humanos
Authors: Pereira Frederico Valdez , Fischer Douglas
Published: October 2021

Procurar-se-á demonstrar que há inúmeros precedentes das Cortes supranacionais de direitos humanos que, por interpretação das respectivas convenções (e como decorrência também das próprias previsões constitucionais internas), reconhecem a existência de expressas obrigações processuais penais positivas que consistem, em verdade, no dever de os Estados partes de adotar todas as providências necessárias e adequadas para a apuração dos fatos ilícitos cometidos (obrigação de meio), sempre respeitando-se (busca do equilíbrio) os direitos fundamentais dos investigados/processados (obrigações de resultado). A finalidade é demonstrar que os precedentes reconhecem de forma muito clara e unânime que, no âmbito da proteção dos direitos humanos (com repercussões obviamente no âmbito das investigações e processamento penal dos eventuais infratores), é fundamental considerar também o plexo de garantias protegidos das vítimas e da coletividade em geral.
contratos onerosos firmados entre a administração pública e escritórios de advocacia para recuperação de royalties do petróleo e a atuação do Ministério Público na proteção do patrimônio público
Authors: Mota Dornieri Lemos Diógenes Pinto , Melo Alisson José Maia
Published: October 2021

A recuperação de royalties do petróleo e gás natural por meio da contratação direta de advogados privados, por inexigibilidade de licitação, onera o ente federado, quando repassam irregularmente o valor de 20% em honorários ao escritório de advocacia. A discussão desenvolvida no presente artigo enfrenta a ocorrência de dano ou prejuízo ao erário na contratação onerosa pelos entes públicos municipais de escritórios de advocacia para patrocínio de ações administrativas e judiciais referentes ao recebimento de royalties, em prejuízo à estruturação e ao aperfeiçoamento da advocacia pública local. Diante da recorrência por parte da Administração Pública municipal firmar contratos onerosos com escritórios de advocacia para a recuperação desses royalties, em detrimento de um corpo jurídico próprio como as Procuradorias Jurídicas, a defesa da Advocacia Pública é essencial na presente pesquisa, principalmente nos municípios pequenos, pois a valorização e o fortalecimento de um órgão de representação judicial e extrajudicial do ente, por meio da realização de concurso público para contratação de um corpo próprio de servidores e dotação orçamentária específica, diminuiria demandas onerosas do Poder Público. Dentro desta perspectiva, a partir de uma pesquisa dedutiva, com apoio nos procedimentos bibliográfico – livros e artigos de revistas – e documental – leis e julgados nacionais – conclui-se que cabe ao Ministério Público, no contexto de sua missão institucional de defesa da ordem jurídica nacional, fiscalizar e controlar eventuais atos ilegais e irregulares das Administrações Públicas municipais, protegendo o patrimônio público.
atuação do Ministério Público como órgão interveniente nos processos judiciais cíveis referentes ao Seguro DPVAT
Authors: Soares Filho Manuel Lima
Published: October 2021

O Seguro DPVAT diferencia-se dos seguros privados, possuindo função social ao proporcionar cobertura para vítimas de acidentes automobilísticos, possibilitando indenizações por despesas médicas e danos pessoais. Contribui, ainda, com a política nacional de trânsito e aporte à saúde pública. A importância deste estudo cinge-se à necessidade de firmar a atuação do Ministério Público na matéria. Assim, traçou-se o panorama histórico-legal do seguro e dos temas debatidos nas ações judiciais correspondentes. Constatou-se a compatibilidade da atuação do Ministério Público visando ao resguardo do interesse social, a propiciar a efetividade do direito com a finalidade de realizar justiça.
política de extinção do ensino noturno no município de Manaus em contradição ao art. 208, I e VI, da CRFB
Authors: Almeida Maria Suely Cruz de , Soriano Giovan Nonato Rodrigues
Published: October 2021

Este artigo visa a contrapor a redução da oferta de ensino noturno no Município de Manaus aos dispositivos e princípios constitucionais relativos à educação. Para tanto, recorreu-se ao método de abordagem dedutivo, do caráter geral da norma constitucional, a fim de aplicá-la ao caso em concreto, sendo utilizados o procedimento monográfico e o estudo de caso, e, como técnica de pesquisa, a documentação indireta, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Como conclusão, tem-se que, por se tratar de direito indisponível individual, o município não pode usar de discricionariedade para se furtar da oferta dessa modalidade de ensino.
STUDI KELAYAKAN PEMBANGUNAN HOTEL SUTAN RAJA DI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Syamsuddin Syamsuddin , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Rachmat La Ode Musa
Published: October 2021

Hotel merupakan salah satu badan usaha akomodasi yang memanfaatkan sebagian ataupun seluruh bagiannya sebagai layanan jasa penginapan, layanan penyedia makanan dan minuman, serta berbagai macam jasa lainnya untuk masyarakat umum yang dikelola dengan cara komersial. Hotel Sutan Raja merupakan salah satu jenis hotel berbintang yang akan di bangun di kota Kendari dan diharapkan dengan adanya hotel ini dapat membantu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Kota Kendari. Membangun sebuah hotel berbintang di kota berkembang seperti Kendari bukanlah hal yang mudah, karena di dalam pembangunan suatu hotel juga harus tetap memperhatikan kelayakan pembangunan hotel tersebut, baik dari aspek pasar, finansial, maupun teknisnya.

Tujuan Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kelayakan pembangunan Hotel Sutan Raja di Kota Kendari berdasarkan dari aspek pasar, teknis, dan finansial. Serta untuk mengetahui informasi dan masukan kepada pemilik apakah pembangunan Hotel Sutan Raja di Kota Kendari layak untuk dilaksanakan ditinjau dari aspek pasar, teknis, dan finansial.

Hasil aspek teknis menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan  Hotel Sutan Raja di Kota Kendari layak untuk dilaksanakan, karena memiliki lokasi yang strategis untuk melaksanakan suatu proyek investasi  usaha hotel, dengan jarak berada sekitar relatif dekat untuk menuju obyek  wisata dan tempat-tempat hiburan lainnya. Dari aspek pasar untuk didapatkan kamar hotel yang  tersewa pada hotel berbintang di Kota Kendari didapat bahwa jumlah  kamar hotel yang akan tersewa pada Hotel Sutan Raja Kota Kendari adalah sebanyak 12.370 unit per tahunnya dan akan mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 200-300 unit setiap tahunnya selama 25 tahun beroperasi. Penilaian kelayakan usulan proyek dilakukan analisis yaitu NPV dihasilkan Rp. 320,941,000,000.00  (NPV positif) sesuai yang diinginkan, BCR diperoleh 2.55 lebih besar dari 1, IRR diperoleh 26,512% lebih besar dari suku bunga komersil 12 %.
Pengaruh Penambahan Admixture Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton Dari Berbagai Merek Semen
Authors: Fitrawansyah Dian , Lakawa Irwan , . Sulaiman
Published: October 2021

Tonasa cement, Bosowa cement, and Tiga Roda cement havediffenrence characteristic from procedure to produce andcomposition of ingredients, the difference are probably reach thediffenrence respond or effected from three brands are mixed fromadmixture to be a mix concrete. One of the commonly admixture andeasy to find is Damdex Brand that can increase the strengthness ofthe concrete. The aimed of this investigation to analyse the effect ofadmixture (Damdex) variation toward concrete compressive strengthby comparison the cement brands.The methodology of thisinvestigation is experiment method or material test in laboratory.The concrete compressive strength will calculated during 28 daysage, after giving an admixture (0%,1%, 1,5%,2%, 2,5% dan 3%) withdifferent brands cement variation,but composition of Concrete suchAgregat and Water are same from each treatment. The sample fromeach treatment totally 3 tested samples. The result of thisinvestigation, Tonasa cement is increase with concrete compressivestrength from highest of admixture (Damdex) from admixture level is2% which gain compressive strength 385,24 Kg/cm2 or increasingamount 23,52% from normal concrete compressive strength.Bosowa brand is increase with concrete compressive strength fromthe highest admixture ( Damdex) the level is 2.5 % with compressivestrength gain is 338,00 Kg/cm2 or increase amount 10,15% fromNormal concrete compressive strength.Compressive strength ofTiga Roda brand also gain increase from admixture with highestlevel is 3% which 354,35 Kg/cm2 compressive or increase amount18,60% from normal concrete compressive strength
Kajian Infrastruktur Transportasi Darat Dalam Pengembangan Wilayah Kecamatan Tongauna Kabupaten Konawe
Authors: Juantoro Eko Efendi , Magribi La Ode Muhamad , Lakawa Irwan , . Sufrianto
Published: October 2021

The development of rural areas from the agricultural base sector inthe field of food through land transportation infrastructure is themain focus of this research. The location of the object of researchwas Tongauna District, Konawe Regency, Southeast SulawesiProvince. which is the background for site selection because themajority of the people in Tongauna are farmers and the Tongaunasub-district is the district with the largest production of lowland ricecommodity in Southeast Sulawesi province which can be anagricultural base sector. Land transportation has become a veryimportant media that supports the mobility, connectivity andaccessibility of agriculture so as to increase the productivity ofleading sectors of agriculture that have an impact on thedevelopment of the area of Tongauna District
The Application of Life Skills in Sunnah: A Study Based on Recommended Life Skills by WHO
Authors: Abdullah M. M. A. , Fazlan M. A. C. A. , Sheefa M. I. F. , Mazahir S. M. M.
Published: October 2021

Life skills refer to adaptive and positive behaviors that help people effectively cope with the needs and challenges of daily life. Thus, this study aimed at the analysis of the application of life skills in the Sunnah of Prophet (PBUH) based on the life skills recommended by WHO such as problem-solving, decision making, creative thinking, critical thinking, self-awareness, empathy, interpersonal relationship, effective communication, coping with stress, coping with emotions. The deductive content analysis of topic-related data in Hadith which refers to the verbal, action, and recognition of the Prophet (PBUH), classic Islamic and modern literature, is conducted through the descriptive narrative method. The finding reveals the acknowledgment and the application of life skills on several occasions in Sunnah, as well as the adherence to such skills will assist walking through the guidance of Sunnah. As a result, it strongly suggests that the icon would serve as a guide for every individual in the modern world in terms of the effective application of life skills at various levels and circumstances that can assist in leading a successful life. This study will be referred for future studies regarding the application and the impact of life skills.
The Accuracy of Three-Dimensional CT Scan Software in Predicting Prosthetic Utilization in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Baumgarten Keith M. , Radtke Logan
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Recent innovations in shoulder arthroplasty include three-dimensional (3D) CT software imaging that can be used to predict which prosthetic implants will be used intraoperatively. Correct prediction of the implants may optimize supply chain logistics for the surgeon, hospital, ambulatory surgery center, and the implant company. The purpose of this study was to examine a single surgeon's experience with this software to determine its predictive accuracy in determining which implants would be used intraoperatively.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) performed by a single surgeon was performed. Inclusion criteria were patients undergoing anatomic (aTSA) or reverse (rTSA) TSA examined preoperatively with the 3D CT planning software. A chart review was performed to compare the accuracy of the preoperative plan in predicting the actual prostheses implanted at surgery.

Results:

Two hundred seventy-eight shoulders from 260 patients were included. One hundred fifty-one shoulders underwent aTSA, and 127 shoulders underwent rTSA. The surgeon was able to predict the type of arthroplasty (anatomic versus reverse) implanted in 269 of 278 (97%) shoulders. Using the 3D CT software, the surgeon was able to predict all the implants implanted in 68 shoulders (24%). For aTSA, 3D CT imaging successfully predicted all implants implanted in 43 shoulders (28%), glenoid implants implanted in 120 of 148 shoulders (81%), and humeral implants implanted in 54 shoulders (36%). For rTSA, 3D CT imaging successfully predicted all implants implanted in 26 shoulders (20%), glenoid implants implanted in 106 shoulders (83%), and humeral implants implanted in 39 shoulders (31%).

Conclusions:

The 3D CT software combined with surgeon's judgment provided a high accuracy (97%) in determining the type of arthroplasty, a moderately high accuracy in determining the glenoid implants (81% to 83%), a low accuracy in determining humeral implants (31% to 36%), and a low accuracy in determining all prostheses used for each surgery (20% to 28%).

Level of Evidence:

LOE IV—Diagnostic Case Series
ON ABSOLUTE NÖRLUND SUMMABILITY OF FOURIER SERIES AND THE DERIVED FOURIER SERIES
Authors: SULAIMAN W. T.
Published: October 2021

In this paper two new theorem concerning $|N_{,Pn }|_k$ summability of Fourier series and its derived series have been proved.
Characterization of graphite-epoxy composite electrodes for free electrochemical detection of adenine and guanine in DNA
Authors: Balbin Tamayo Abel Ibrahim , Correa Fajardo Leodanis , Esteva Guas Ana Margarita
Published: October 2021

Graphite-epoxy composites (GECs) are alternative construction materials for electro­chemical sensors. For these materials, the electron transfer rate constant of some redox reaction depends additionally on the stoichiometric relationship between the insulating and conducting phases of the composite. In this work, the influence of dif­fe­rent ratios of araldite/hardener/graphite on the electrochemical properties of GEC electrodes is evaluated for the simultaneous determination of adenine and guanine in the single chain DNA, using the square wave voltammetry technique. Six GEC electro­des were prepared with different ratios of components, and electrochemically charac­terized by cyclic voltammetry in the presence of ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple as a redox probe. GEC electrodes that showed the best electrochemical responses of redox probe were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and used for the simul­taneous determination of free adenine and guanine in a solution, and DNA oligonu­cle­otides. The best results were obtained for GEC electrodes containing twice higher volu­me of araldite resin with respect to the hardener. TGA analysis revealed presence of 15-26 % of resin for these GEC electrodes. The obtained results revealed potential appl­ication of these GEC electrodes as DNA sensors based on the oxidation signal of guanine.
Labour in the Board and Good Work: How to Measure and Evidence From GermanyDate submitted: December 18, 2019Date accepted after double-blind review: May 3, 2021
Authors: Scholz Robert
Published: October 2021

Can board-level co-determination promote Good Work? Good Work can be characterised by fair income, job security, opportunities for personal development, low stress and misuse, and high-quality work equipment. Good Work is not easy to measure, in part since it has a subjective aspect. For this reason, the indicators used in this paper are derived from data on corporate and personnel structures that are supportive of Good Work. Supplementing the numerous studies that exist on the impact of works councils on Good Work, this paper highlights how board-level co-determination can also have a strong positive influence. The paper uses data from the co-determination index (Mitbestimmungsindex), a new and innovative indicator that measures the extent to which co-determination is institutionally embedded within firms. Three examples illustrate the impact of board-level co-determination on Good Work: first, on the linking of elements of Good Work with the remuneration of directors in a highly co-determined corporation; second, on the independence of the member of the management board responsible for the personnel department; and third, on the level of vocational training in the companies.
Beweisbeschlüsse im Familienrecht: Auftretenshäufigkeiten von Rechtsbegriffen und psychologischen Konstrukten in gerichtlichen Fragestellungen an psychologische Sachverständige
Authors: Sahlfeld Anna-Luisa , Zumbach-Basu Jelena
Published: October 2021

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine empirische Analyse familiengerichtlicher Fragestellungen an psychologische Sachverständige zur Identifikation relevanter Merkmale, die je nach zugrundeliegender Fallkonstellation durch die Gerichte vorgegeben sind. Grundlage für die vorliegende Erhebung sind N=195 Beweisbeschlüsse, die in den Jahren 2017 und 2018 von 24 verschiedenen Familiengerichten an familienrechtspsychologische Sachverständige gerichtet wurden. Mittels einer quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurden je nach Verfahrensgegenstand psychologische Konstrukte, Rechtsbegriffe sowie Begriffe, die im Zusammenhang mit der Frage nach Hilfemaßnahmen stehen, identifiziert. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass in 90.8 % der Beweisbeschlüsse sowie über alle Fallkonstellationen hinweg Rechtsbegriffe identifiziert wurden. Darüber hinaus fanden eine Vielzahl (n=43) verschiedener Rechtsbegriffe innerhalb der Beweisfragen Anwendung, die zudem normative Wertungen und unbestimmte Rechtsbegriffe umfassten. Psychologische Konstrukte konnten zudem in 62.6 % der Beweisbeschlüsse und überwiegend im Kontext der Fallkonstellationen zum Entzug elterlicher Sorge identifiziert werden. Auch hier zeigte sich eine Vielzahl (n=52) verschiedener psychologischer Konstrukte, die innerhalb der Beweisfragen Verwendung fanden. Begriffe, die im Zusammenhang mit Hilfemaßnahmen zu betrachten sind, konnten in 34.9 % der Beweisbeschlüsse und vorwiegend in Fallkonstellationen im Kontext von Kindeswohlgefährdungsfragen identifiziert werden. Insgesamt tragen die Ergebnisse dazu bei, relevante Prüfkonstrukte aus Perspektive der Gerichte zu identifizieren und zu definieren, die einer familienrechtpsychologischen Begutachtung zugrunde liegen. Diese Spezifikation kann dazu beitragen, klarere und genauere Empfehlungen zu geben. Diskutiert wird die Problematik der Kompetenzverteilung in der Übersetzung von Rechtsfragen in psychologische begutachtungsleitende Fragen an dieser Schnittstelle zwischen Recht und Psychologie.
Effect of Different Loading Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Controlled Hypotension and the Incidence of Bradycardia During Rhinoplasty: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Djalali Motlagh Soudabeh , Rokhtabnak Faranak , Ghodraty Mohammad Reza , Maleki Delarestaghi Mojtaba , Saadat Sara , Araghi Zeinab
Published: October 2021

: Controlled hypotension, with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 60 mmHg - 70 mmHg, provides a bloodless and visible surgical field during rhinoplasty. It has been shown that dexmedetomidine, an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, is a suitable choice in this regard. One of the disadvantages of this drug is the possibility of severe bradycardia during infusion. Therefore, we compared lower intravenous (IV) loading doses to determine whether the hypotensive effect of the drug was preserved and the bradycardia incidence decreased. In this randomized, double-blinded clinical trial, 81 patients aged 18 to 50 years with the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) class I and II, scheduled for rhinoplasty randomly received 1.0, 0.9, and 0.8 µg/kg (named as groups 1.0, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively) of IV dexmedetomidine before the induction of anesthesia followed by infusion (0.3 - 0.7 µg/kg/h) during operation. The patients’ heart rate (HR), MAP, the requirements for nitroglycerin (NTG) and extra fentanyl, as well as the incidence of bradycardia, were recorded. Bleeding and visibility of the surgical field were scored by the surgeon using a 6-point visual scale. MAPs, HRs, and consumption of NTG and extra fentanyl were similar in the studied groups. The surgical field was more visible and bloodless in group 1.0 compared to group 0.8 (P < 0.001); the differences were not significant between groups 1.0 and 0.9 (P = 0.605). The incidence (P = 0.027) and the severity of bradycardia (P = 0.017) were higher in the groups with higher loading doses. We concluded that dexmedetomidine is an acceptable agent to provide controlled hypotension. A loading dose of 0.9 µg/kg, but not 0.8 µg/kg, provides similar surgical field conditions as the dose of 1 µg/kg. Furthermore, despite the decrease in the incidence of bradycardia, the hypotensive effect of the drug is preserved.
Gender Determination Using Mandibular Angle Measurement in Iranian Adult Graphics in a Dental Center
Authors: Vasheghani Farahani Maryam , Mashhadi Ismaeeli Ramin , Mirzaii-Dizgah Iraj , Isazadeh Mahdi
Published: October 2021

Background: The mandibular bone is affected by age, metabolic activity, and hormonal changes. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the sex determination using the mandibular angle in the adult population of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 149 patients (73 men and 76 women) referred to the 600 Army Dental Center in 2016. Graphics were obtained from cephalogram and panorex using a Soredex digital device and Pack software to measure mandibular angles. Results: The mean mandibular angle was 122.19 ± 3.89 in men and 124.72 ± 3.24 in women, with a significant difference based on the independent t test (P < 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that the mandibular angle is higher in women than in men.
Evaluation of Ginkgo biloba and Flunixin in BIM Gene Expression and Viability of Ovarian Cancer Cell A2780s
Authors: Soleamani Farnoosh , Salehi Elham , Morovati-Sharifabad Majid , Sarkargar Fatemeh , Pourghanbari Gholamhosein
Published: October 2021

Background: Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Studies on the therapeutic properties of Ginkgo biloba and flunixin showed that these drugs, singly or in combination with other drugs, have anti-cancer activities. Different genes are involved in apoptosis regulation. The BIM gene is one of the most important regulators of this process. BIM has different roles, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis induction, deoxyribonucleic acid recombination, chromosomal segregation, and cell aging. Methods: This study evaluated the viability percentage of the A2780s cell line with Ginkgo biloba and flunixin at different concentrations, compared to that of the control group. Then, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Ginkgo biloba and flunixin were determined within 24 h. Then, the expression of the BIM gene was evaluated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The IC50 results showed that Ginkgo biloba and flunixin significantly reduced cell life (P < 0.01) depending on time and concentration. The results of real-time PCR showed that cell treatment with Ginkgo biloba and flunixin significantly increased BIM expression. Conclusions: The results of this experiment indicated that BIM gene expression was increased in cancer cells treated with Ginkgo biloba and flunixin, compared to that reported for control cells. Therefore, with further research in the future, these compounds can be used for the development of ovarian anti-cancer drugs.
Contemporary Intercultural and Ethnic Views of Ukrainian Youth Student About the Poles
Authors: Sysoieva Svitlana , Dichek Natalia
Published: October 2021

In the context of intensification of Europe's migration processes at the beginning of the 21st century, intercultural communication of people resulted in readjustment of traditional systems of their norms and values; new values are being shaped while traditional ones are losing their dominant status. It is deemed necessary to shape a new cross-border and multicultural identity in the younger generations in order to prepare them to life in various cultural environments. A new standard of cultural awareness is to prevent possible effects of cultural shock, minimize such negative attitudes as national and racial prejudice. The objective of the paper is to outline results of the massive survey which involved students of higher educational institutions as well as senior students of secondary education institutions in Ukraine. The survey reflects the latest ethnic and intercultural ideas (representations) and values of Ukrainian youth, in particular their attitudes to the Poles as a separate nation and a close neighbour or ethnic minority residing in Ukraine.
THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF BALTIC SEA FERRY SERVICES
Authors: Katorgin Andrei D. , Tarkhov Sergey A.
Published: October 2021

Ferry services are transport systems whose regular routes link areas separated by water bodies. Sometimes ferries are the only connection between an island and the mainland. In the Baltic Sea, such transport situations are not rare. A typical example is the island of Saaremaa. Ferries are the backbone of cargo and passenger traffic in the Baltic Sea region. This article aims to describe the spatial structure of ferry services in the Baltic Sea. To this end, a statistical database on 101 ferry routes is created and passenger and car traffic on each is calculated using an original methodology, which can be applied in analysing the spatial structure and traffic of ferry services in other regions. Baltic ferries account for over half of all European ferry-borne car and passenger traffic. The Baltic stands out for its unusually long ferry routes, which sustain timber exports. Most cargoes in the region originate from Sweden.
Building Powerful Mathematical Thinkers with dINBs
Authors: Baker Courtney K. , Galanti Terrie M. , Morrow-Leong Kimberly , Kraft Tammy
Published: October 2021

The Teaching for Robust Understanding framework facilitates online collaborative problem solving with digital interactive notebooks that position all students as doers of mathematics.
Exploring Matrices with Spreadsheets
Authors: Goodman Marina
Published: October 2021

Bridge the digital divide by teaching students a useful technological skill while enhancing mathematics instruction focused on real-life matrix applications.
Problems to Ponder
Authors: Ingrassia Steve , Rawding Molly
Published: October 2021

Problems to Ponder provides 28 varying, classroom-ready mathematics problems that collectively span PK–12, arranged in the order of the grade level. Answers to the problems are available online. Individuals are encouraged to submit a problem or a collection of problems directly to mtlt@nctm.org. If published, the authors of problems will be acknowledged.
Review of materials and testing methods for virus filtering performance of face mask and respirator
Authors: Neupane Bhanu Bhakta , Giri Basant
Published: October 2021

Respiratory protection devices such as face masks and respirators minimize the transmission of infectious diseases by providing a physical barrier to respiratory virus particles. The level of protection from a face mask and respirator depends on the nature of filter material, the size of infectious particle, breathing and environmental conditions, facial seal, and user compliance. The ongoing COVID‒19 pandemic has resulted in the global shortage of surgical face mask and respirator. In such a situation, significant global populations have either reused the single‒use face mask and respirator or used a substandard face mask fabricated from locally available materials. At the same time, researchers are actively exploring filter materials having novel functionalities such as antimicrobial, enhanced charge holding, and heat regulating properties to design potentially better face mask. In this work, we reviewed research papers and guidelines published primarily in last decade focusing on, (a) virus filtering efficiency, (b) impact of type of filter material on filtering efficiency, (c) emerging technologies in mask design, and (d) decontamination approaches. Finally, we provide future prospective on the need of novel filter materials and improved design.
Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Usage Ofclimate Driven Seed Maize in Zimbabwe
Authors: M. Manjera Alpha , Siwadi Patience , Twum-Darko Michael
Published: October 2021

The study sought to analyze the factors influencing the use of climate specific certified seeds by maize farmers in Zimbabwe. In terms of the specific objectives the study determined the level of certified seeds produced and utilized in Zimbabwe and examined the factors that influence the level of climate specific certified seeds by farmers in Zimbabwe (2010-2016) farming seasons. In terms of the research methodology, the study adopted an explanatory and gathered data from 53 participants within the maize value chain using a questionnaire. Drawing from the findings, the study revealed that the certified seed maize production increased significantly although utilization declined in the same 2010-2016 period and the surplus gap between supply and demand of certified seed was exported due to low local utilization level. The research concluded that 11.38% of the variance in certified seed maize utilized by farmers under unions are explained by the price of hybrid seed maize, quantities of fertilizer, seed maize, herbicides produced by agricultural companies as well as age differences, educational differences, backward and forward markets within the maize value chain. In order to address the gap between seedmaize produced and adopted by farmer unions, the government, must develop exist strategies which involves rural financing and lending options and prioritize a culture of investing innovations among farmer unions. Such investment strategies must provide access to climate specific certified seeds such as high analysis maize blend fertilizers, hybrid seeds, herbicides and irrigation equipment required as a package to improve maize production in Zimbabwe.
Silver Nanoparticles to Increase Antibacterial Efficiency in Bandages
Authors: Priya V. , Santheya C. N.
Published: October 2021

A Survey of WHO showed that the wound infections rates are 5 - 34% in the world. It is necessary to treat the wounds properly as it will cause more infection inside the skin. Usage of normal bandages for the treatment of wounds or infections can heal the outer surface of the skin that too by a slow process. Many researchers started investigating the different healing properties of plant based bandages. Silver nanoparticles are known for their efficient antibacterial properties. It has gained greater attention in the biomedical industries. In this study, the nanoparticles are synthesized by using environment friendly green synthesis method. Ceiba pentandra aqueous leaf extract was used as reducing and capping agent for the silver nanoparticle synthesis. It was then evenly coated on a bamboo fabric material and then assessed for its antibacterial activity by using quantitative method. It is less hazardous as no toxic chemicals are involved. The Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles combined with the plant extract will exhibit efficient wound healing properties. The Bandage layer can further be designed to form a completely plant based product.
Energy Homeostasis and the Law of Thermodynamics
Authors: Ekeagwu Osinachi Akanwa
Published: October 2021

With the increasing prevalence of obesity and associated morbidity, research continues to investigate the associated factors as well as approaches for effective bodyweight management. While there is consensus that obesity is characterised by an energy imbalance, the interactions between the various components of energy components and the implications of the homeostatic determinants remain controversial. This review critiques the existing theories on energy balance in relation to the law of thermodynamics and proposes the inclusion of important determinants in the energy balance equation.
Nutrient Management in Underutilized Vegetable Crop Ivy Gourd [Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt]
Authors: Patel N. K. , Desai D. T. , Champaneri D. D. , Tandel M. B.
Published: October 2021

Background: Ivy gourd is the most nutritious and healthy vegetable among the underutilized vegetable crops. To increase the production effective nutrient management is key tool.

Methods: The experiment on growth and yield improvement in ivy gourd through integrated nutrient management was conducted in a randomised block design with three replications at Regional Horticulture Research Station in ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat.

Results: An application of 50% RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) + Bio-compost had a beneficial effect on growth parameters like minimum days to flowering (35.83 days) and fruit harvest (47.11), maximum dry biomass of shoot (8.41 kg) and dry biomass of root (840 g) with near to neutral fruit pH (6.8). Maximum length of fruit (5.12 cm), diameter of fruit (1.80 cm), weight of fruit (4.57 g), maximum fruit yield plant-1 (1.64 kg), highest fruit yield (16.60 t ha-1), maximum leaf nutrient content (N - 1.753 ppm, P - 0.456 ppm, K - 1.653 ppm) and soil nutrient status (N - 211.77 kg ha-1, P2O5 - 69.52 kg ha-1, K2O - 498.96 kg ha-1) were also noted in 50% RDF + Bio-compost as compared to other treatment.
Subacute Toxicity and Hepatoprotective Effects of Sarcocephalus latifolius in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Oyekunle Olubunmi Simeon , Adetutu Adewale , Ogundola Adijat Funke
Published: October 2021

Various studies suggest that mortality due to liver disease in diabetic patients is very high; however, the recognition of DM as the primary cause of chronic liver disease is neglected in medical practice, we therefore evaluated the activities of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaf powder on the liver function of alloxan – induced diabetic rats. Forty-five healthy female albino rats were randomly assigned into 9 different groups; diabetes was induced intraperitonealy with 160 mg/kg of alloxan. Normal and diabetic rats were administered orally with 300, 600, 750 mg/kg/ b.w of S. latifolius. After 28 days, the animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histological studies.

The body weight of the normal and diabetic rats increased significantly with S. latifolius treatment, the increase observed in the blood glucose was brought down upon treatment with S. latifolius leaf powder. The activity of ALT increased significantly with 750 mg/kg of S. latifolius leaf powder, while low dose of the plant decreased it significantly in diabetic rats. GGT activity only decreased in the diabetic rats treated with 300 mg/kg of S. latifolius whereas albumin increased significantly (p<0.05) in all the groups administered S. latifolius powder relative to the untreated diabetic group. Bilirubin concentration only increased significantly (p<0.05) in the group administered 750 mg/kg of S. latifolius leaf powder. Histological changes including infiltration of the sinusoids and focal area by inflammatory cells and mild portal congestion were observed in all the groups except the normal and diabetic rats treated with 300 mg/kg of S. latifolius leaf powder. The result of the study showed that S. latifolius could only be encouraged for diabetes management only at low dose and might be hepatotoxic at high dose.
Skanda (Bala Graha) and Cerebral Palsy – A Review
Authors: Patel Pinakumari I. , Raskar Swapnil C. , Patil Aboli , Pani Sudhir , Prajapati Vishal
Published: October 2021

Among the Ashtanga Ayurveda, Kaumarbhritya focuses on child care in particular. Graharogais the most neglected portion due to excess mythological explanation, difficulty in clinical understanding, diagnosis, severity, complication, and treatment is entirely different from the routine disorder of children. Graharogas are those entities that attack and seize the body then affect the neonates and children very quickly with high mortality. Different acharyas describe Graha with their types, symptoms and treatment. Acharya Sushruta and Acharya Vagabhatta describe Skanda graha- commander-in-chief of the army of Devatas. The symptoms of the affected child resemble very much with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy. Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of childhood disability affecting function and development. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition communication, and behavior. Therefore, this paper aims to understand Balagraha with the modern aspect as well as its clinical application in day-to-day practice.
The Role of Orthodontic Treatment and Prosthetics during the Recovery Period after Surgical Treatment
Authors: Kadiyev Timerlan Aslambekovich , Aigumov Muslim Kazbekovich , Timokhina Tatyana , Baranov Kirill Dmitrievich , Krekova Marina Mikhailovna , Goncharov Vitaly V.
Published: October 2021

The present paper considers the role of orthodontic treatment and prosthetics in the recovery period after surgical treatment of an injury to the maxillofacial area. Analyzing the sources within the framework of the research topic, the author cconcludes tthat surgical treatment of maxillofacial trauma and postoperative rehabilitation often requires an interdisciplinary approach, which makes it a difficult task. This is due to the fact that these injuries usually affect several structures of the oral cavity and face, including hard and soft tissues, often causing malocclusion. Thus, the clinical picture and the appropriate treatment strategy may vary greatly from one person to another. Therefore, before drawing up a final treatment plan, a thorough and thoughtful multidisciplinary assessment of each patient is necessary.
Torsion of a Pedunculated Subserous Leiomyoma in a Pregnant Woman: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Yasa Cenk , Dural Ozlem , Demiral Irem , Comba Cihan , Demir Omer , Bastu Ercan
Published: October 2021

Torsion of a pedunculated subserous leiomyoma in a pregnant woman is a rare condition that requires prompt diagnosis and urgent surgical intervention. In this report, we present a case of torsion of a pedunculated subserous leiomyoma in a primigravid woman aged 33 years in her 30th week of gestation. A primigravid woman aged 33 years presented to our clinic in her 30th week of gestation with pain in the right lower quadrant that had developed in the last 24 hours. Our diagnosis was torsion of a pedunculated leiomyoma. The patient received a tocolytic of nifedipine and indomethacin preoperatively. Given the volume of the uterus and as a precaution to potential complications, a lower transverse (pfannenstiel) incision was preferred. The laparotomic myomectomy was successfully performed and the pregnancy continued uneventfully. Even though torsion of a pedunculated subserous leiomyoma in pregnancy is a very rare condition, prompt diagnosis and urgent surgical intervention is life saving and provides more favorable maternal and fetal outcomes. The surgical approach should be tailored to the patient and to the characteristics of the myoma and an expert team of surgeons and anesthesiologists is essential in order to reduce the risk of complications.
Transanal Anastomosis Method and Prolapsing Technique in Totally Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection for Lower Rectal Cancer
Authors: Shiraishi Takuya , Tomizawa Naoki , Andoh Tatsumasa , Okada Takuhisa , Ozawa Naoya
Published: October 2021

There are some reports of totally laparoscopic surgery performed by intracorporeal anastomosis without abdominal incision. However, intracorporeal anastomosis with prolapsing technique is difficult and complicated via laparoscopic surgery alone. We found it easier to achieve totally laparoscopic low anterior resection (LAR) by anastomosis anally. Our procedure was performed in 32 patients. After the prolapsed rectum with the tumor was transected, reconstruction was performed by using a double-stapling technique (DST) or a hand-sewn technique (HST). In the DST, the proximal colon was pulled outside transanally, and the anvil head was inserted into the colon and returned to the abdominal cavity. The anal-side rectum was closed using a linear stapling device, and DST was performed. The HST was modified from intersphincteric resection anastomosis. No patient experienced complications associated with this procedure. Cosmetic satisfaction was achieved. All patients obtained disease-free margins pathologically, and none experienced local recurrence. Intracorporeal anastomosis of totally laparoscopic low anterior resection is difficult via laparoscopic ports only. It can be simplified by operating with anastomosis via the anus.