bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial hybridization within Saxifraga pentadactylis (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: Vargas Pablo , Feliner Gonzalo Nieto
Published: March 2008

Saxifraga pentadactylis subsp. almanzorii, an endemic to the subalpine nucleus of Sierra de Gredos (central Spain), differs from its closest relative, subsp. willkommiana, by its less showy petals. An artificial crossing program was carried out in order to assess the degree of reproductive isolation between the subspecies. To facilitate interpretation of the results, the program was extended to 10 other interspecific hybrid combinations within sect. Saxifraga. All the data gathered are congruent with the occurrence of two evolutionary scenarios. Interspecific crossings, rendering moderate to high seed‐set (in obtaining the F1), and vigorous but relatively sterile F1 offspring, reveal reproductive barriers at the level of the F1 fertility, probably originated as a byproduct of divergent evolution. In contrast, intraspecific crossings within S. pentadactylis resulted in seed‐set values lower than expected (in obtaining the F1), in a majority of weak non‐viable F1 offspring but also in a few fertile F1 hybrid specimens which were able to originate F2 offspring. This second pattern reveals reproductive barriers at the level of the F1 vitality, probably arisen in a quite abrupt fashion. The lower P/O for subsp. almanzorii as compared to subsp. willkommiana, together with the rest of the evidence suggest that the reproductive barriers between them might be the product of active selection against hybridization achieved by incrementing the levels of autogamy in the former.
New spies and new combinations in Aphelandra (Acanthaceae) from Ecuador and adjacent Peru
Authors: Wasshausen Dieter C.
Published: March 2008

Nine new species and a new variety are described: Aphelandra villonacensis from prov. Loja, A. anderssonii from Loja, A. azuayensis from Azuay, A. rumbecensis from Tumbes, Peru, A. zamorensis from Zamora‐Chinchipe, A. loxensis from Loja, A. neillii from Zamora‐Chinchipe, A. rosulata var. albinotata from Morona‐Santiago, A. albinotata from Esmeraldas, and A. mollissima from San Martin, Peru. The new taxa are described, illustrated, and compared with their closest relatives. Two new combinations are made: Aphelandra modesta and A. rosulata.
A new species of Aphanes (Rosaceae) from Vol & Cotopaxi, Ecuador
Authors: Romoleroux Katya , Frost‐Olsen Peter
Published: March 2008

A new species of Aphanes is described from Volcin Cotopaxi, Ecuador, and it is compared with the two other tropical Andean species of the genus.
A new species of Pleiotaxis (Asteraceae) from Angola
Authors: Ouhiiñia Juan Rodríguez , Ortiz Santiago
Published: March 2008

A new species from Angola, Pleiotaxis angolensis (tribe Mutisieae, Asteraceae), is described. We detail the principal differences from the most similar taxon, Pleiotaxis subscaposa.
Phylogenetic implications of endosperm cell wall morphology in Douglasia, Androsace, and Vitaliana (Primulaceae)
Authors: Anderberg Arne A. , Kelso Sylvia
Published: March 2008

We investigated differences in endosperm cell wall thickening in three genera of Primulaceae; seven species of Douglasia, 28 species of Androsace representing the four sections of the genus, and the single species of the genus Vitaliana. Endosperm cell walls have irregular wall thickenings and narrow constrictions and characterize all Douglasia species and Vitaliana, whereas evenly thickened cell walls without constrictions were found in the endosperm of Androsace and Primulu. The endosperm character supports the monophyly of Douglasia and Vitaliana, and we discuss the phylogenetic implications of this conclusion.
Studies in SE Asiatic Rondeletieae I: The West Malaysian endemic genus Aleisanthia (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Tange Christian
Published: March 2008

A survey of the character states of Aleisanthia including vegetative, inflorescence, floral. fruit, pollen, seed morphology and anatomy is given. Aniplified descriptions and illustrations are provided for the two species. An approximate chromosome count for A. rupestris is given.
Musaespora kalbii (lichenized Ascomycetes: Melanommatales), a new foliicolous lichen with a pantropical distribution
Authors: Lücking Robert , Sérusiaux Emmanuël
Published: March 2008

Musaespora kalbii sp. nov. is a foliicolous lichen distinguished by its unilocular, blackish brown ascocarps and campylidia. It is known from Costa Rica, French Guiana, the West Indies, Madagascar, and Papua New Guinea. The species is most common at medium elevations (500–1500 m) and prefers semi‐open situations. The genus Musaespora seems to be related to the genera Architrypethelium. Megalotremis and Anisomeridium. Its campylidia are assumed to be derived from pycnidia.
Revision of the Malagasy genus Pervillea (Asclepiadaceae) and its phylogenetic relationship to Calyptranthera
Authors: Klackenberg Jens
Published: March 2008

The Malagasy endemic genus Pervilleu (Asclepiadaceae), distributed in the drier West Malagasy phytogeographic region, is revised. Four species and one subspecies are recognized. Pervillea has not been recognized as a distinct genus during the last century, and species belonging to this genus have been referred to Toxocarpus and Menabea. One new species and one new subspecies are described, viz. p phillipsonii Klack. and I! venenata ssp. mucrantha Klack., and one new combination, Secamone surfurea (Jum. & Perr.) Klack. is made. A key, typifications, descriptions as well as drawings of all taxa are given. A hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationship of the species IS presented, including also the monotypic genus Calyptranthera. Phytogeography and vicariance patterns are discussed.
Fine‐scale patterns of vegetation and environmental factors on an ombrotrophic mire expanse: a numerical approach
Authors: Nordbakken Jørn‐Frode
Published: March 2008

The vegetation within an ombrotrophic mire expanse in SE Norway is studied in detail. Percentage cover of 45 species in 436 sample plots (16 ×16 cm), dispersed on 26 transects, are recorded. In addition, species abundance in 6976 subplots (4×4 cm) are recorded. 14 variables are recorded for each of the sample plots, while only distance to the water‐table is estimated for the subplots. Spatial co‐ordinates are supplied for all sample‐ and subplots. DCA ordination of a data‐set consisting of 412 sample plots reveals two ecologically interpretable vegetational gradients: the hummock‐hollow gradient (DCA 1), and a gradient associated with the peat‐production of the bottom layer (DCA 2). Passive DCA of subplots is used to get an impression of within sample plot heterogeneity, and shows that the fine‐scale compositional turnover may be considerable. Partitioning of the variation in species abundance data is done by use of (partial) CCA. The fraction of unexplained variation is rather large for all the tested data‐sets, but within the total variation explained, both distance to the water‐table and spatial structure explain large parts.
The lichen flora on Picea abies in a suboceanic spruce forest area in Central Norway with emphasis on the relationship to site and stand parameters
Authors: Holien Håkon
Published: March 2008

The lichen flora on 400 Picea abies trees (branches, trunks and trunk bases) in 100 patches of suboceanic spruce forest in Central Norway has been investigated. Relationships between occurrence of the species and a number of habitat and tree variables were analysed by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). A total of 122 lichen species were recorded. Total species number was found to be about the same on branches and trunk bases (considerably lower on trunks), but with higher β‐diversity on trunk bases. Most species could be classified as branch specialists, generalists, trunk or trunk base specialists. Among the measured habitat variables, stand age, altitude and vegetation type were found to be the most important for explaining the patterns of species distributions. Alectoria sarmentosa, Mycoblastus sanguinarius and several dry bark species on trunks, including Caliciales species, were more or less confined to old forests, while Usnea spp. were more abundant in young form. Trentepohlia‐containing trunk base species like Arthonia vinosa, Dimerella pineti, Lecanactis abietina and Sclerophora coniophaea showed preference for vegetation types indicating nutrient‐rich substrates. The number of branch species was highest on lower altitudes while the opposite was true for trunk species. Larger trees with rough bark in older stands had a more species‐rich lichen flora, probably because of higher substratum area and availability of more diverse microsites.
Northern distribution boundaries and thermal requirements of Gracilaria and Gracilariopsis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in Atlantic Europe and Scandinavia
Authors: Steentoft M. , Farnharn W. F.
Published: March 2008

Using verified records from 1970 onwards, northern distribution boundaries in Atlantic Europe and Scandinavia are established for Gracilaria bursa‐pastoris, G. multipartita, G. gracilis and Gracilariopsis longissima, the last two species being distinguished for the first time in Northern Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands. Boundaries are shown to exist as zones (rather than lines) fluctuating in location and in time. Thermal requirements for survival and growth in G. gracilis have been determined, and the requirements for all four species are related to their geographical boundary zones.
Bauhinia sirindhorniae sp. nov. (LeguminosaCaesalpinioideae) a remarkable new species from Thailand
Authors: Larsen Kai , Larsen Supee Saksuwan
Published: March 2008

Bauhinia sirindhorniae sp. nov., from Nong Khai Province, Thailand is described and illustrated. The pollen morphology has been studied.
A revision of the genus Mouretia (Eubiaceae)
Authors: Tange Christian
Published: March 2008

Four species are recognised in Mouretia, a genus previously thought to be monospecific. Two new species M. vietnamensis and M. larsenii are described, and M. tonkinensis var: inequalis is elevated to the rank of species. All species are illustrated. The chromosome number far M. larsenii is given. The character states for the genus are presented. A comparison between Mouretia and Mycetia show them to share most of their character states. It is suggested that the two genera form a monophyletic group, that should be included in the tribe Hedyotideae.
The identity of the West Indian endemic Vriesea macrostachya (Bromeliaceae)
Authors: Grant Jason R.
Published: March 2008

The Identity of the West Indian Vriesea macrostachya is established in the course of a review of its history, the designation of a neotype, and preparation of a full description.
Silene ichnusae (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Sardinia
Authors: Brullo Salvatore , Marco Giovanni De , Marco Giuseppe De
Published: March 2008

Silene ichnusae (Caryophyllaceae) a new species of S. sect. Siphonomoipha is described and illustrated. It is a rare chasmophyte localized at Capo Falcone (W Sardinia), on siliceous rocks near the sea. Its relationships with S. velutina, of the S. mollissima group, are discussed.
Revision of the southeast Asian genus Trivalvaria (Annonaceae)
Authors: van Heusden E. C. H.
Published: March 2008

The number of species in Trivalvaria is reduced from eight to four. A new variety of T. macrophylla from North Sumatra is described. Two Polyalthia species, P. nemoralis and P. oligogyna, found in Laos, North Vietnam, and Hainan, are brought into the synonymy of Z dubia. The genus further ranges from NE India and the Andarnan Islands to Java and Borneo. It is distinguished from other Asian Annonaceae by the characteristic venation of the leaves, the imbricate sepals and petals, and the single basal ovule.
Gender lability in trioecious Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Alatalo Juha M.
Published: March 2008

Gender expression of individual cushions of Silene acaulis was shown to vary between years. Fifteen of thirtnine (= 38%) cushions monitored changed gender expression between 1993 and 1995. Cushions dominated by female flowers were shown to be more stable in gender expression than cushions dominated by male or hermaphrodite flowers.
Morphometrical analyses of Secale (Triticeae, Poaceae)
Authors: Frederiksen Signe , Petersen Gitte
Published: March 2008

Some fifteen taxa ranked as species or subspecies have generally been recognized within Secale. However, most of these seem impossible to separate on morphology alone. Based on 14 morphological characters considered of diagnostic value and scored on 44 specimens representing most of the taxa a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was carried out. Limited correlation was found between the characters and consequently the first three principal axes account for only about 60% of the total variation. The PCA shows only a weak separation of annual and perennial taxa. Further analyses mainly of spikelet characters support merging of most of the previously accepted taxa within each of these two groups. A total of three species with five infraspecific taxa are here proposed within the genus and a key is provided to the taxa.
Further studies in the genus Boesenbergia (Zingiberaceae)
Authors: Larsen Kai
Published: March 2008

Two new species are described and illustrated: B. gelatinosa and B. trangenszs. Two new combinations are proposed: B. loerzingii and B. phyllostachya. The genus Curcu‐morphn is referred to Boesenbergia. The geographical distribution of B. longifora is discussed.
Origins and nature of vessels in monocotyledons. 2. Juncaginaceae and Scheuchzeriaceae
Authors: Schneider Edward L. , Carlquist Sherwin
Published: March 2008

SEM studies of roots and rhizomes of Triglochin (one species) and Maundia (monotypic) of Juncaginaceae and the sole species of Scheuchzeriaceae, Scheuchzeria palustris, reveals that vessels are present not only in roots, as previously reported, but also in rhizomes. The perforations contain pit membranes with pores of various sizes. Striate pit membranes, like those previously seen in Acorus, occur on pit remnants in peforations and on pit membranes of lateral walls in all genera studied. Grooves interconnecting pit apertures are illustrated for root tracheary elements of Triglochin; this is believed to be a first report of this feature for monocotyledons. The tracheary elements of Juncaginaceae and Scheuchzeriaceae are similar in their thick walls and narrow slitlike pits, lending support to the close relationship between the two families often claimed.
Seedling recruitment in semi‐natural pastures: the effects of disturbance, seed size, phenology and seed bank
Authors: Eriksson Åsa , Eriksson Ove
Published: March 2008

We examined recruitment patterns in semi‐natural pastures and their relationships to disturbance and species composition at different spatial scales (0.01 m2 up to 4 m2) of both the vegetation and the seed bank. Possible associations between seedling recruitment and phenology were also studied. The study was performed in four pastures with different management history. Seedling recruitment was generally enhanced by disturbance, with the greatest effect for small‐seeded species that germinate in the autumn. The local species‐pool contributed to a large extent to seedling recruitment; 83 % of the recruited species were found in the vegetation, whereas 44 % of the recruited species were found in the seed bank. There were a total of 88 species found in the vegetation at different spatial scales; 61 % were recorded at the smallest spatial scale (0.01 m2). The area sampled at this scale comprised 1.25% of the area examined, indicating a small scale structuring of diversity in the pastures. The species number in the vegetation varied between 7 and 14 for the smallest scale (0.01 m2), and between 23 and 42 for the largest scale (4 m2), in the four pastures. The species number in the seed bank was less variable. Like most studies of perennial grasslands, we found no close correspondence between species distribution in the vegetation and in the seed bank. Two of the pastures had a joint management history and exhibited a close similarity of species in the seed bank, despite that one of the pastures was abandoned already in the beginning of this century.
Vegetation on hill slopes in southern Wello, Ethiopia: Degradation and regeneration
Authors: Tekle Kebrom , Backéus I. , Skoglund J. , Woldu Zerihun
Published: March 2008

A study was made of the vegetation in southern Wello (Ethiopia) in relation to human impact and the environment. 65 sample plots were laid out and analysed with respect to the cover value of vascular plant species. Altitude, slope, aspect and estimates of grazing pressure for each plot were also recorded along with physical and chemical soil properties analysed for samples taken from each plot. The following environmental factors, isolated by forward selection, show correlation with the axes of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA): altitude, grazing, pH, K, Ca, Mg, slope and aspect.

Through hierarchical and non‐hierarchical clustering methods the vegetation was divided into eight types, from which one was secondary forest characterised by patch dominance of Juniperus procera and Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata. These forest patches are found at high altitude sites and because of their inaccessibility are usually characterised by low livestock density and consequently low grazing pressure. The presence of large boulders and stones in Podocarpus falcatus forest decreases accessibility and creates natural protection for the trees. The other vegetation types, most of which are found at lower altitude and associated with varying intensities of grazing, include grasslands (grazed and protected), regenerating sites dominated by Eu‐clea racemosa and Dodonaea angustifolia, dense and open shrublands and Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata woodlands. Human interference has a major impact on the vegetation of the study area and its recovery will depend on the degree of participation of the local people.
Morphological variation and phylogenetic relationships in the genus Anginon (Apiaceae)
Authors: van Wyk Ben‐Erik , Allison Izelle , Tihey Patricia M.
Published: March 2008

The variation in habit and morphology of the twelve species of Anginon, a poorly known southern African genus of woody Apiaceae, is discussed and illustrated. The genus Glia is shown to be the obvious outgroup, sharing with Anginon two convincing synapomorphies: 1, the reduction or partial reduction of the laminar part of the leaves, and 2, the heavily cutinized outer walls of the fruit epidermis. Several characters of the internal structure of the fruit, together with other morphological characters, have been analysed by the cladistic method. Our interpretation of character evolution within the genus and a first hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships, showing three distinct infrageneric groups, is presented.
Seed set and germination in some wild species of Vicia from SW Europe (Spain)
Authors: Ortega‐Olivencia Ana , Devesa Juan A.
Published: March 2008

We studied seed and ovule production, predation and abortion in 14 taxa of the genus Vicia. Germination capacity, seed vigour and germination kinetics after scarification were also evaluated, as well as the influence of light on these parameters. Pod size correlated with the number and weight of viable seeds, and with the total number of ovules and the number of undeveloped ovules per pod. Species with smaller seeds had lower rates of abortion than those with larger seeds, and seedling size correlated strongly with seed weight in this genus. In most taxa seed hardness was not great, and the scarifying agent used—sulfuric acid with different times of exposure—led in some cases to 100% germination. Light conditions did not notably influence germination. Germination speed was favored by scarification under both dark and light conditions, and vigour index was greater in scarified than in control seeds. In most taxa, germination after scarification fit an exponential curve, with the exception of Vicia lutea ssp. vestita, which showed very slow velocity.
Two new species of nematophagous Verticillium (Hyphomycetes) forming catenulate conidia, with a key to the nematophagous Verticillium species
Authors: Glockling Sally L. , Dick M. W.
Published: March 2008

Two new species of Verticillium, V. campanulatum and V.seriatum were found to parasitize free‐living nematodes in samples of dung from deciduous woodland in the S.E. of England. Both species produced infective conidia in a catenulate arrangement and V.campanulatum had an accessory spore state. The synonymy of Acmstalagmus zeosporus with Verticillium balanoides is not accepted, and A.zeosporus is transferred to Verticillium as a separate species, V.zeosporum.
Cheirostylis gunnarii (Orchidaceae) — a new orchid from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Rao A. Nageswara
Published: March 2008

Cheirostylis gunnarii (Orchidaceae) is described from Arunachal Pradesh, India as a new species. This is closely allied to C. moniliformis but differs in epiphytic habit, short scape, pubescent flowers and flat broader stylids. The species is named in honour of Gunnar Seidenfaden, Denmark.
Gaillonia (Rubiaceae‐Paederieae) in Africa and Arabia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The circumscription of Gaillonia is extended to include Crocyllis as a new generic synonym. Gaillonia then becomes a genus with a marked disjunction between NE Africa and Arabia, and SW Africa. Nine species of Gaillonia are recognized in Africa and Arabia: G. yemenensis sp. nov. and G. jolana sp. nov. in Yemen, G. crocyllis comb. nov. in Namibia and South Africa, G. calcicola comb. nov. and G. somaliensis comb. nov. in Somalia, and G. puberula, G. putorioides comb, nov., G thymoides and G. tinctoria on Socotra (Yemen). Several names are lectotypified. A previous record of Jaubertia aucheri from Yemen is based on a misidentified specimen of G. jolana. The close relationship between Gaillonia and the small Mediterranean genus Putoria is pointed out.
Batological notes on Flora Nordica
Authors: Weber Heinrich E.
Published: March 2008

Rubus wahlbergii ssp. norvegicus is described as a new taxon which occurs in south Norway and less common in adjoining Sweden. Six names of Rubus species are lectotypified. — Flora Nordica Notes No. 20.
Status of Carex bergrothii (Cyperaceae) on Gotland, SE Sweden
Authors: Hedrén Mikael
Published: March 2008

Material of Carex oederi s.lat. was studied at four localities on the Baltic island of Gotland. Each locality included material referable to C. bergrothii, i.e., tall sedges with long leaves and with comparatively large and broad utricles, as well as material of C. oederi s.str., i.e., short sedges with smaller utricles. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses show continuous variation in C. oederi s. lat. on Gotland and it is concluded that C. bergrothii cannot be recognised as a separate species. However, a large proportion of the phenotypic variance in C. oederi s. lat. on Gotland is due to genotypic differentiation, and C. bergrothii is considered as an extreme ecorype of C. oederi. This ecotype is apparently adapted to grow in deep water on calcareous clay among loose stands of Cladium mariscus.
A new species Tulipa heweri related to T. praestans (Liliaceae)
Authors: van Raamsdonk L. W. D.
Published: March 2008

A new species Tulipa heweri is described (subgenus Tulipa, section Eichleres, series Multiflorae). The species is related to T. praestans and differs by having smaller and less densely ciliate leaves, yellow or ochre flowers, yellow filaments, anthers and stigma, and a green ovary. The two species are allopatric, T. heweri being endemic to northern Afghanistan. Crosses between T heweri and T. praestans yielded moderate seed set.
Phylogenetic relationships in Orchis and some related genera: an approach using chloroplast DNA
Authors: Cozzolino Salvatore , Aceto Serena , Caputo Paolo , Gaudio Luciano , Nazzaro Roberto
Published: March 2008

A chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis has been carried out on representatives species of Orchis (Orchidaceae) and of the allied genera Aceras, Dactylorhiza, and Anacamptis. One species of Cephalanthera and one of Serapias were used as outgroups. The consensus tree from a cladistic analysis showed that Orchis, as presently defined, is paraphyletic, as it contains also Aceras anthropophorum and Dactylorhiza saccifera. The genus Orchis is divided in two clades: one including O. laxiflora, O. papilionacea, O. coriophora, and O. morio in a ladderized sequence, the other showing D. saccifera at the base, followed by a clade in which a collapse of O. mascula, O. pauciflora, O. quadripunctata is sister group to a clade composed by O. italica, O. simia, and A. anthropophorum. These results, which agree to a great extent with literature evidence on chromosomes and isozymes, have been compared with various traditional systematic hypotheses for the genus.
Aspects of reproduction in Pulsatilla pratensis in Norway
Authors: Torvik Solbjerg Engen , Borgen Liv , Berg Rolf Y.
Published: March 2008

Breeding system and pollinator activity were studied in two Norwegian populations of Pulsatilla pratensis: a small outpost population, on Hovedøya in Oslo, and a large population located centrally within the main area of this species in Norway, on Sandøya in Tjøme, Vestfold. One objective was to assess, if possible, the chance of survival of the outpost population. Pulsatilla pratensis is not completely self incompatible, since artificial selfing produced a small amount of seed. However, spontaneous selfing does not occur. Pollination is accomplished by insects, almost exclusively bumble bees (Bombus spp.). Nectar thievery resulted when the bumble bee inserted its proboscis from outside the flower in between the tepals (base working). A comparison between the two populations indicates that pollinator scarcity at the time of flowering possibly might constitute a limiting factor for recruitment in the outpost population.
Sagina rupestris sp. nov. (Caryophyllaceae) from New Guinea
Authors: Larsen Kai
Published: March 2008

A new species, Sagina rupestris, endemic to Mt. Suckling, Papua New Guinea is described and illustrated.
New species of ferns (Polypodiopsida) from Ecuador
Authors: Moran Robbin C. , Øllgaard Benjamin
Published: March 2008

The following new species of ferns are described and illustrated: Arachniodes squamulosa, Cyathea halonata, C. punctata, Polypodium fayorum, and Trichomanes paucisorum.
Chromosome number of Icelandic Populus tremula
Authors: Anamthawat‐Jónsson Kesara , Sigurdsson Vignir
Published: March 2008

Aspen (Populus tremula) from two locations in Iceland, representing the north and the east populations, were examined for its chromosome number. The plants all have diploid chromosome number (2n=2x=38), as with most other aspen populations of this species in Europe. No previous record of chromosome count on the Icelandic material is available. The significance of such chromosome study is discussed. — Flora Nordica Notes no. 22.
Biosystematic studies of the Elymus hispidus (Poaceae: Triticeae) group in Iran
Authors: Assadi M.
Published: March 2008

Biosystematic studies on the Elymus hispidus group included investigations on morphological characters and variability in cultivation, crossing experiments, hybrid fertility and meiotic configuration in hybrids. Elymus gentry! is a distinct species with a different altitudinal distribution from that of E. hispidus. Morphological characters which have been used to split E. hispidus into distinct species or subspecies are not constant in cultivation. The majority of the cultivated plants were morphologically similar to the maternal individuals from which seed was collected in the field. However, in some accessions the offspring represented different morphological variants when cultivated. Hybrids between different variants were fertile and showed regular meiosis. Different variants within the E. hispidus group tend to grow in different habitats and as characters to some extent show constancy in cultivation, three varieties, var. hispidus, var. podperae and var. villosus are recognized for E. hispidus in Iran.
Four new species of Madhuca (Sapotaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Chantaranothai Pranom
Published: March 2008

Four new species of Madhuca from Thailand, M. chai‐ananii, M. chiangmaiensis, M. klackenbergii and M. smitinandii, are described and illustrated. A key to the species is presented.
Potamogeton praelongus in West Greenland
Authors: Bennike Ole , Anderson John N.
Published: March 2008

An extant population of the long‐stalked pondweed Potamogeton praelongus is reported from West Greenland for the first time. However, endocarps of the species have been recovered from up to 3500 years old lake sediments, so the species has a long history in this region. The species must have arrived in West Greenland by long distance dispersal, probably by geese migrating from NW Europe.
Two new species of Acacia (Leguminosae) from north‐eastern Somalia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Acacia qandalensis, sp. nov., and A. tephrophylla, sp. nov., from north‐eastern Somalia, are described and illustrated. A. qandalensis grows on limestone rocks, often in steep and exposed places, and is known from 600–1400 m altitude from the Cal Miskaat Mts in the west to near Bunder Murrayha in the east. A. tephropkylla obviously has a more restricted area of distribution and is known only from stony or rocky places on limestone at 1300–1800 m altitude in the Cal Miskaat Mts, where it is the dominant woody plant over large areas. Both species are related to A. etbaica.
A new species of Sporobolus (Poaceae) from southeastern India
Authors: Umamaheswari P. , Daniel P.
Published: March 2008

A new species of Sporobolus, S. hajrae, from coastal Tamil Nadu in southern India is described and illustrated.
Comparative analysis of ultrastructure of glandular trichomes in two Nepeta cataria chemotypes (N. cataria and N. catena var. citriodora)
Authors: Kolalite M. R.
Published: March 2008

Glandular trichomes from the leaf surface of Nepeta cataria and N. cataria vai.citriodora have been examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Peltate glands and capitate hairs type I were found on leaves of N. cataria. Both types had single stalk cells. Leaves of N. cataria var. citriodora bore peltate glands with unicellular or bicellular stalk, capitate hairs type I (with unicellular stalk) and capitate hairs type II (with unicellular or bicellular stalk). Peltate glands of N. cataria and of N. cataria var. citriodora were characterized by numerous leucoplasts sheathed by smooth reticular tubules and smooth endoplasmic reticulum; they are proposed to synthesize terpenes. The secretory cells of capitate hairs type I of N. cataria and those of N. cataria var. citriodora had well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes. They had plastids with protein inclusions. These glands are supposed to produce slime. Capitate hairs type II of N. cataria var. citriodora had no analogs in N. cataria. Their secretory cells exhibited abundance of tubular endoplasmic reticulum and had unsheathed plastids with starch grains. Probably, these glands synthesize terpenes. The results of the study indicate that there is an obvious difference both in morphology and in ultrastructure of glandular trichomes in different chemotypes of N. cataria.
Linnaeus' Flora Kofsöensis revisited — floristic changes during 260 years in a small island of the lake Mälaren
Authors: Jerling Lenn
Published: March 2008

In 1731 Linnaeus made a total inventory of a small island in Lake Mälaren, Sweden. In 1952 a new inventory was made. I repeated this 1982 and 1992. The present study compares 17 characteristics of the species which are persisting during the whole period to those which are colonising and those which go extinct. The turnover of species is high and only 40 percent of the 86 species initially found are still present in the last observation. The number of species increases from 86 in 1731 to 105 in 1952, 122 in 1982 and to 127 in 1992. Some species found in the seed bank are not represented in the present vegetation. The classification spectra to some extent reflect the changes of the surrounding landscape, from strong antropogenic influence to relaxed but later again intensified, but the classifications seem overall to be too crude to have an acceptable explanatory power for changes in species composition.
An approximation to the phylogeny of Sclerotinia and related genera
Authors: Hoist‐Jensen Arne , Vaage Marianne , Schumacher Trond
Published: March 2008

Phylogenies are constructed based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences from an ingroup consisting of 50 isolates representing 24 species of the discomycete family Sclerotiniaceae and an outgroup consisting of five related taxa of the same family. The ingroup taxa are: three Botrytis spp., two Botryotinia spp., one Ciborinia sp., one Dumontinia sp., one Grovesinia sp., six Myriosclerotinia spp., nine Sclerotinia spp. and one Sclerotium sp. The outgroup taxa are: one Ciboria sp., one Encoelia sp. and three Monilinia spp. The type species is included for all taxa except for Ciborinia and Encoelia. Several of the included taxa are important plant pathogens. The resulting phytogenies are discussed with regard to morphology, life history and taxonomy. A suspected relationship between Sclerotinia borealis and S. tetraspora, and Myriosclerotinia is rejected, while a suspected relationship between Ciborinia ciborium and Myriosclerotinia is strongly supported. Sclerotinia ulmariae, previously synonymized with Dumontinia tuberosa, is reinstated as an independent species of Dumontinia. Two new combinations, Dumontinia ulmariae and Myriosclerotinia ciborium, are proposed. The imperfectly known taxon Sclerotium cepivorum seems most closely related to Dumontinia. We conclude that Dumontinia, and Myriosclerotinia, as currently conceived, are monophyletic, and that Botryotinia along with Botrytis anamorphs probably also constitute a monophyletic lineage. The genus Sclerotinia is probably polyphyletic and characterized by symplesiomorphies rather than synapomorphies. Two putatively new taxa, Sclerotinia sp. 1, and Sclerotinia sp.2 are most closely related to S. minor, S. sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum, and to S. borealis, respectively.
Silica‐scaled chrysophytes from the bog‐lake Baláta‐tó, SW Hungary
Authors: Péterfi L. S. , Padisák J. , Momeu L. , Borics G.
Published: March 2008

Twenty‐six species of silica‐scaled chrysophytes representing the genera Chrysosphaerella (1 species), Mallomonas (19 species) and Synura (6 species) are reported based on transmission electron microscopy from the springtime flora of the slightly acidic bog‐lake Baláta‐tó, a Nature Reserve, situated in Southwest Hungary. Ten of them (Mallomonas alata, M. clavus, M. insignis, M. mangofera, M. oviformis, M. papillosa, M. pillula, M. scalaris, M. transsylvanica and Synura multidentata) are new records for Hungary. Furthermore, two species, M. pillula and M. scalaris are for the first time found in the Carpathian Basin and M. alata f. hualvensis is a new record for the flora of Europe. Dispersal problems are discussed.
Crepidomanes agasthianum, a new filmy fern species (Hymenophyllaceae — Pteridophyta) from India
Authors: Madhusoodanan P. V. , Hameed C. Abdul
Published: March 2008

A new species of Crepidomanes, C. agasthianum is described and illustrated.
Viola suavis, a new species in the Nordic flora, with analyses of the relation to other species in the subsection Viola (Violaceae)
Authors: Marcussen Thomas , Nordal Inger
Published: March 2008

Evidence from cytology, enzyme markers and morphometry suggest that a species of Viola (Violaceae) collected in southeastern Norway should be referred to V. suavis, although differing in some phenotypic traits. V. suavis is not previously known from the Nordic countries, but must now be regarded as an established member of the Norwegian flora. It was probably introduced more than a century ago, providing an interesting analogy to the situation of V. alba in Öland (Sweden). Thus, it seems like human activity have played a role for expanding the distribution areas of several of the species within Viola subsection Viola (V. alba, V. hirta, V. odorata and V. suavis). Electrophoretic evidence showed that the basal chromosome number of the subsection is x=5. V. suavis (2n=40) is allo‐octoploid, and closely related tetraploid taxa were easily recognized. However, it is difficult to trace its origin to lower‐ploid ancestors, and it seems likely that the complex may have contained extinct taxa with other allelic combinations that better explain the origin of V. suavis.
The ancestry of Hordeum depressum (Poaceae, Triticeae)
Authors: Salomon Björn , von Bothmer Roland
Published: March 2008

Based on morphological, cytological, and molecular data, three diploid Hordeum species have by various authors been suggested to may have participated in the ancestry of the tetraploid H. depressum. In order to test the different hypotheses we undertook hybridizations between the proposed taxa, H. brachyantherum ssp. californicum, H. intercedens, and H. pusillum. Autoploids and amphiploids were achieved by treatment of young shoots with colchicine. These were then hybridized with H. depressum and the resulting hybrid plants were tested for fertility. The results strongly indicate that H. depressum arose as a consequence of hybridization between H. brachyantherum ssp. californicum and H. intercedens, probably with H. brachyantherum ssp. californicum as the female parent.
Species concept and guidelines for infraspecific taxonomic ranking in Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Pedersen Henrik Ærenlund
Published: March 2008

In order to prepare for a biosystematic treatment ofDactylorhiza, a search is made for applicable taxonomic concepts (species, subspecies, variety)–aiming at a hierarchical system in which a unique kind of biological unity applies to each level in the hierarchy. The degree of reproductive isolation betweenD. purpurellas.str. and each ofD. maculatas.str.,D. majaliss.str., andD. purpurellassp.majaliformis(delimitation and nomenclature according to Løjtnant 1993) is assessed from morphometric data. These three cases represent three putative levels in a phylogenetic hierarchy. The results are compared to previously published data on corresponding groups of taxa (mainly from northern Europe), and a positive correlation is found between the putative level of phylogenetic relationship and the degree of reproductive isolation within the genus. Furthermore, taxa defined on each level are found to be morphologically recognizable. The three empirically defined categories are matched with general species concepts from the literature, subsequently leading to recommendation of the following taxonomic concepts forDactylorhiza(slightly shortened): (1) As “species” are designated taxa complying with the biological species concept in a modern, botani‐cally focused sense; (2) as “subspecies” are designated taxa complying with the ecological, but not with the biological species concept; (3) as “varieties” are designated taxa complying with the phenetic, but neither with the biological nor the ecological species concept. In a postscript the taxonomic consequences for the taxa specifically examined in the case studies are briefly sketched, and reference is made to a forthcoming revision of the“purpurellacomplex”.
Variation in Potentilla sect. Aureae (Rosaceae) in the Baltic states
Authors: Leht Malle , Paal Jaanus
Published: March 2008

The morphological variation of four Baltic representatives of the genus Potentilla section Aurea–P. neumanniana, P. arenaria, P. subarenaria and P. crantzii was studied with multivariate methods. Altogether 41 characters were used. The most important characters for the phenetical classification are those of the epidermis: characters of stellate and glandular hairs and numbers of cells. Macromorphological characters are less important, the most useful of these being the length of sepals and stipules and the number of teeth of the central leaflet. All four species are significantly distinct. Even P. subarenaria, a putative hybrid of P. arenaria and P. neumanniana, is clearly separated. At the same time, the species are morphologically quite variable, and it is possible to distinguish subclusters (morphotypes) within P. neumanniana, P. subarenaria and P. crantzii, which are also statistically distinct. The varieties described by Wolf (1908) under the name P. verna (P. neumanniana) do not agree well with the morphs in our material. However, it can be admitted that var. typica and var. neumanniana axe prevalent, var. pseudo‐incis? and var. incis? occur occasionally; only var. longifoli? can be quite clearly delimited.
The identity of Vincetoxicum in Norway
Authors: Lauvanger Emmy Gram , Borgen Liv
Published: March 2008

Norwegian Vincetoxicum has previously been referred to V. hirundinaria in standard floras but partly to an aberrant form, called var.fuscatum or ssp. fuscatum. Our comparative morphological and allozymatic data unambiguously relate present day Norwegian Vincetoxicum populations to V. rossicum as circumscribed in standard European floras, i. e. with brown corollas, dark purple coronas, and twining stems up to 2 m in height. However, specific status of this taxon is questionable and varietal rank has been suggested, e. g. V. hirundinaria var. rossicum. Present Norwegian occurrences probably represent descendants from introductions by man prior to 1865 (first Norwegian record). The species has established itself as a permanent member of the Norwegian flora and although restricted to relatively small areas in Oslo (Oslo Co.) and Drammen (Buskerud Co.), it shows invasive tendencies at present.
Asclepiadoideae and Periplocoideae (Apocynaceae s.l.) of the Thunberg herbarium
Authors: Meve Ulrich , Liede Sigrid
Published: March 2008

The 141 specimens of Asclepiadoideae and Periplocoideae in the Thunberg herbarium, Uppsala, Sweden, are identified according to the most recent classification of the two subfamilies.
Four new species, a new variety, and a status change in Argostemma (Rubiaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Sridith Kitichate
Published: March 2008

Four new species of Argostemma, all endemic to Thailand are described: A. thaithongae, restricted to northern Thailand; A. monophyllum, rather widely distributed in the easern half of Thailand: A. puffii and A. routundicalyx, both endemic to peninsular Thailand. Var. variabile is a new variety of the peninsular Thailand, species A. lobulatum. A. setosum, previously thought to be an endemic species of peninsular Thailand, is now considered to be a subspecies of A. laeve (Malay peninsula and Sumatra): A. laeve subsp. setosum, stat. nov.
Genetic variation in Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae) in Svalbard
Authors: Borgen Liv
Published: March 2008

Based on a survey of eight enzyme systems, genetic variation in three Minuartia species was analysed and the diversity in 15 populations in Svalbard (78°N) compared to seven populations in Norway, Iceland, and Greenland. In the two sexual diploids, M. biflora and M. rubella, genetic diversity was as high in populations from Svalbard as in populations from more southerly latitudes. In M. biflora, eight out of 15 loci were polymorphic (P=53.3 %); in M. rubella eight out of 18 (P=44.4 %). The mean number of alleles per locus (A) and the number of multilocus genotypes (MG) were also higher in M. biflora than in M. rubella, A=1.60 and MG=21 vs. A=1.44 and MG=9. The proportion of genetic diversity due to variation among populations was much lower in M. biflora than in M. rubella, FST=0.249 vs. FST=0.895, and the estimated gene flow much higher, Nm=0.745 vs. Nm=0.029, indicating that M. biflora is a mixed mater and M. rubella a selfer. In the vegetatively reproducing tetraploid, M. rossii, 13 (65 %) out of 20 putative loci showed fixed heterozygosity, the mean number of alleles per ‘locus’ was A=1.70, and two multilocus phenotypes were observed, proving that at least two clones occur in Svalbard. No allele was shared by all three species and Nei's genetic identity for biflora‐rubella was extremely low, I=0.07. The results suggest that the three species, which are currently placed in separate sections, represent lineages that diverged a long time ago.
Three new species of Melhania (Sterculiaceae) from north‐eastern tropical Africa
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Melhania annua, sp. nov., from coastal or subcoastal dunes in Somalia and Kenya, M. hiranensis, sp. nov., from Acacia‐Commiphora bushland on sand in south‐central Somalia, and M. quercifolia, sp. nov., from coastal dunes in Somalia, are described and illustrated.
Seven new species of Pavonia (Malvaceae) from the Horn of Africa
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Pavonia friisii, sp. nov., from south‐eastern Ethiopia and south‐central and southern Somalia, P. nigrescens, sp. nov., from south‐central and southern Somalia, P. matteiana, sp. nov., from south‐central Somalia, P. longipilosa, sp. nov., from eastern Ethiopia, P. rotundifolia, sp. nov., from eastern Ethiopia and northern and central Somalia, P. marginata, sp. nov., from central Somalia, and P. paucibracteata, sp. nov., from central Somalia, are described and illustrated.
Spontaneous tetraploidy in strawberry (Fragaria sp., Rosaceae)
Authors: Ahokas Hannu
Published: March 2008

A tetraploid (2n = 28) clone of Fragaria from SW Finland is described. The clone is true‐breeding with respect to tetraploidy. The tetraploid strawberry shows RFLP similarity with F. vesca, a common species, and, to a lesser extent, with F. viridis, a southern species, whose nearest reported occurrence was about 80 km away during the 1940s. The following alternatives are considered as possible reasons for the tetraploidy: unreduced gametes in an interspecific hybrid or hybrid derivative; hybridization followed by induction of tetraploidy either by viruses, or by industrial pollutants, e.g. chlorophenols and their congener compounds in the soil. The original seed might also have been brought from abroad unintentionally with other seeds for field trials which have been conducted since 1928 in the vicinity. A hexaploid (F. moschata)× diploid hybrid leads directly to tetraploidy and a tetraploid derivative from an octoploid (F. ×ananassa) × diploid hybridization can be obtained but the current tetraploid has different morphology.
Burmannia larseniana (Burmanniaceae): a new species from Thailand
Authors: Zhang Dianxiang X. , Saunders Richard M. K.
Published: March 2008

A new semi‐mycotrophic species, Burmannia larseniana, is described from northern Thailand. The species is related to B. pusilla, a species widely distributed in Cambodia, Vietnam, Burma, India and Sri Lanka, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by its succulent stem, single‐veined leaf, and the outer perianth lobes with double margins that encircle the inner perianth lobes. The ecological preferences of the species are also discussed.
Balanophora species published 1971–1998, mostly from China and Japan
Authors: Hansen Bertel
Published: March 2008

Species of Balanophora published in the period 1971 to 1998 have been critically considered. They are all reduced to synonyms under well known species in the authors monograph (Hansen 1972).
Hybridization among Tilia cordata and T. platyphyllos (Tiliaceae) in Denmark
Authors: Wicksell Ulla , Christensen Knud Ib
Published: March 2008

Morphological evidence of hybridization among Tilia cordata and T. platyphyllos is presented in plots of principal components analysis (PCA) and Wells' distance diagrams, the latter based on differently weighted characters. Putative hybrids from both natural and planted stands in Denmark are studied. Plausible hybrids found by running Estabrook's HYWIN program on the data are almost identical with those found by PCA and the weighted Wells' distance coefficient.