bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Osteointegration Testing of Titanium Implants in Relation to Gender After One Month of Implantation in Rabbit Femur
Authors: MARCU Teodora , GAL Adrian , MARTONOS Cristian , RUS Vasile , DAMIAN Aurel , MICLĂUȘ Viorel , MIHAI Augustin T.
Published: December 2020

The biologic material used in this study is represented by 6 rabbits, 3 males and 3 females, aged 11 months and having an average weight of 4 kg. After general anaesthesia was performed, 2 mm diameter titanium implants were surgically inserted in the femur. Postoperative care of the animals included daily observation. After 4 weeks the animals were euthanized according to the guidelines. The femurs were collected along with the implants and processed for histological examination. The samples were placed in Stieve mixture for fixation, dehydrated with ethylic alcohol, clarified with 1-Butanol, and followed by paraffin embedding. 5 micrometers sections were cut using a microtome, and then stained using the Goldner trichrome staining method and were examined using an Olympus BX41 microscope with an attached digital camera for image capturing. In all animals, the implant was well tolerated by the bone and soft tissue implantation bed. The osteointegration process took place through bone formation around the implant, with variations in thickness and structure throughout the bone-implant interface. Except for the accelerated speed of osteointegration steps, observed in males, the osteointegration process follows certain stages and no gender related differences. The rapid progress of osteointegration in males resulted in a faster process in this gender compared to females. This aspect is clinically relevant for the appropriate evaluation of waiting periods from implant placement to prosthetic mounting, which according to this study is different in males and females.
Application of EAFDS/Lime Integrated System for the Removal of Cu and Mn from Industrial Effluent
Authors: T Forsido , RI McCrindle , J Maree , ML Monyatsi
Published: December 2020

Metal pollution is one of the significant concerns affecting the environment and the wellbeing of living things. Copper and manganese are the most common metal pollutants with detrimental effects on the health of human beings. Several methods have been proposed and applied for the treatment of industrial effluent and removal of hazardous metals. One of the most common treatment methods is chemical precipitation. This study is about application of chemical precipitation of copper and manganese metals from industrial acidic effluent in the presence of large concentration of other metals using a steel industry solid waste called Electric Arc Furnace Dust Slag (EAFDS) in conjunction with lime. The study proved that EAFDS alone can remove the target metals considerably and reducing the cost associated with the procurement of other costly chemicals. The concentration of Cu in the raw effluent was 47.2 mg/l. The slag reduced the concentration to 7.8 mg/l achieving 81.7 % removal. The concentration of Mn in the raw effluent was 120.8 mg/l, which was reduced to 12.0 mg/l with the slag only. The two metals were removed achieving 99.7 %with the addition of small amount of Ca(OH)2.
Kaolinite Detachment from Silica Substrate - Laboratory and Theoretical Study
Authors: Y Yang , B Dang-Le , G Kutty , S Mbeveri , T Carageorgos , A Badalyan , P Bedrikovetsky
Published: December 2020

The paper presents laboratory study of kaolinite fines detachment from silica/glass substrate in the visualisation cell, which mimics clay release during colloidal and suspension flows in aquifers. The cell saturation by particles is performed until full stabilization during the attachment process; further, detachment of particles occurs during piecewise-constant increasing of flow velocity. The detachment data calculated from microscope images are compared with the forces and torques detaching the particles. Qualitative agreement between the modelling and laboratory data is observed.
The Impact of School Feeding Programmes in Reducing Iron Deficiency Anaemia among Primary School Children in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: MT Yussif , L Vong , K Pilkington
Published: December 2020

Context: Children in developing countries may survive the critical stage of the first 1000 days of life but may still carry unresolved micronutrient deficiencies into school age. Iron deficiency anaemia is the commonest form of micronutrient deficiency which affects school age children. School feeding programmes may provide an opportunity to reduce the micronutrient deficiencies in the light of limited nutrition interventions that target school age children in developing countries.
Open Market Operations in the 1990s
Authors: Edwards Cheryl L.
Published: December 2020

Open market operations--the purchase and sale of Treasury and federal agency securities--are the Federal Reserve's principal tool for implementing monetary policy. The objectives and conduct of open market operations have continued to evolve in the 1990s, partly in response to the way the Federal Open Market Committee implements monetary policy and explains it to the public. Also shaping operations have been changes in financial markets, including developments in the market for repurchase agreements and declines in the balances that depository institutions must hold at the Federal Reserve.
Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization: Historical Revision and Recent Developments
Authors: Corrado Carol , Gilbert Charles , Raddock Richard D.
Published: December 2020

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System has completed a revision of its measures of output, capacity, and capacity utilization for the industrial sector. The primary feature of the revision is a new formulation for aggregating the indexes and utilization rates based on weights that are updated annually rather than every five years. The new formulation has been used to revise the output, capacity, and utilization rates back to 1977. It provides more accurate current estimates of developments in industrial production and capacity utilization and eliminates an earlier, small overstatement of the growth trends of production and capacity. The revised indexes of industrial production and capacity show slower growth, on average, than the earlier estimates while the cyclical patterns of the revised measures are practically the same as before. Both from 1977 to 1987 and from 1987 to 1996, total industrial output grew at an average pace of about 2.3 percent a year--about 1/4 percentage point less than previously estimated. The growth of industrial capacity was revised down nearly as much; consequently, the rate of total industrial capacity utilization was revised down only a fraction of a percentage point at the end of 1996. (Statistical Release G.17, "Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization.")
Aggregate Disturbances, Monetary Policy, and the Macroeconomy: The FRB/US Perspective
Authors: Reifschneider David L. , Tetlow Robet J. , Williams John C.
Published: December 2020

The FRB/US macroeconometric model of the U.S. economy was created at the Federal Reserve Board for use in policy analysis and forecasting. This article begins with an examination of the model's characterization of the monetary transmission mechanism -- the chain of relationships describing how monetary policy actions influence financial markets and, in turn, output and inflation. The quantitative nature of this mechanism is illustrated by estimates of the effect of movements in interest rates and other factors on spending in different sectors and by simulations of the effect of a change in the stance of policy on the economy as a whole. After the discussion of the transmission mechanism, the article considers the influence of monetary policy on the macroeconomic consequences of specific events by showing how the predicted effects of selected disturbances change under alternative policy responses. These examples illustrate an important policy tradeoff in the FRB/US model involving the variability (but not the level) of output and inflation: Past some point, lower variability in inflation can be obtained only at the expense of greater fluctuations in output and interest rates.
Banking Relationships of Lower-Income Families and the Governmental Trend toward Electronic Payment
Authors: Hogarth Jeanne M. , O'Donnell Kevin H.
Published: December 2020

In the past three years, the federal government and many states have lowered their costs of administering welfare and benefits programs by expanding the use of electronic payment. These initiatives promise to have their greatest significance, and meet their greatest challenge, among lower-income families, the demographic group with the lowest rate of bank account ownership and the least familiarity with electronic transactions. Although the payment programs do not require a banking relationship, the move to electronic transfer may change the financial practices of many recipients without a deposit account or with no banking relationship at all. For example, they may continue to obtain cash from check cashing outlets and grocery stores, but the attraction of a bank account may become heightened by a federal plan to make special accounts available at depository institutions primarily for the electronic transfer of federal payments. Moreover, the greater use of the banking system by lower-income families could harmonize with the emphasis that welfare reform has placed on asset-building, a goal that may be harder to achieve without the use of a bank account. This article examines the ways in which lower-income families obtain checking and credit services, the effects that the government move to electronic payment may have on these families and on depository institutions, and the promotional and educational efforts that may be needed to facilitate the move of the unbanked to electronic services.
U.S. Bank Exposure to Emerging-Market Countries during Recent Financial Crises
Authors: Palmer David E.
Published: December 2020

Global financial markets have experienced significant volatility in recent years, including financial crises in Asia in 1997 and in Russia in 1998. Emerging-market countries, in particular, were subject to sharp downward market moves. U.S. banking supervisors monitored these events carefully to determine the potential effect on U.S. banking organizations and paid particular attention to U.S. bank claims on emerging-market counterparties. Monitoring claims on emerging-market counterparties allows supervisors to identify any developing concentrations of risk that might warrant supervisory action and, if necessary, to assess the effect that a potential emerging-market crisis might have on U.S. banks. This article focuses on the claims U.S. banks held on emerging-market counterparties during the two-year period from June 1997 to June 1999 and discusses the different ways that emerging-market claims can be analyzed. In addition, the article provides a short analysis of the claims held by other developed country banks on emerging-market countries to show the relative size of U.S.
The Federal Reserve Banks as Fiscal Agents and Depositories of the United States
Authors: Hillery Paula V. , Thompson Stephen E.
Published: December 2020

The Federal Reserve, the nation's central bank, is also the U.S. government's bank. As fiscal agents of the United States, the Federal Reserve Banks provide the Department of the Treasury with services related to the federal debt--receiving bids for auction of Treasury securities and processing securities transactions. As depositories, the Federal Reserve Banks provide payment-related services to the Treasury and other government agencies--handling the government's account by accepting deposits and clearing payments. This article describes the nature of the primary fiscal agency and depository services required by the United States, explains how the Reserve Banks meet those requirements. and discusses the reimbursement for these services.
Retail Fees of Depository Institutions, 1994-99
Authors: Hannan Timothy H.
Published: December 2020

Under legislative mandate, the Federal Reserve Board has for many years sponsored annual surveys of the retail fees charged by depository institutions. Analysis of the data for the most recent six years (1994-99) shows that for the most common types of depository accounts surveyed, few of the fees and minimum balances changed by a statistically significant amount. However, the most common types of ATM fees and the fees for certain special actions, such as stop-payment orders, increased significantly and by more than the rate of consumer price inflation over the period. In addition, for almost all of the fees charged for seven common services and special actions, banks that were part of multistate banking organizations on average charged significantly higher fees than single-state banks, and large banks charged significantly more than small banks. Although they narrowed, the differences remained statistically significant after analyses that controlled for the general location of the institutions, for size (in the case of the multistate versus single-state comparison), and for multistate operations (in the case of the large versus small comparison).
U.S. International Transactions in 2000
Authors: Gagnon Joseph E.
Published: December 2020

The U.S. current account deficit widened to $435 billion in 2000, a record 4.4 percent of gross domestic product, as the lagged effect of strong growth in the U.S. economy in late 1999 and early 2000 continued to drive up imports of goods and services faster than exports increased. To a lesser extent, a decline in U.S. price competitiveness also contributed to the expansion in the deficit. The $104 billion increase in the current account deficit was entirely accounted for by an equal-sized increase in the goods and services deficit. Other components of the current account moved in small and offsetting directions. The current account deficit represents an excess of U.S. investment over U.S. saving of more than $400 billion. In addition, almost $300 billion of U.S. saving flowed abroad in the form of a continued increase in foreign direct and portfolio investment by U.S. residents. To finance the current account deficit and the capital outflow, the foreign private sector purchased a record amount--more than $700 billion--of U.S. securities and direct investment assets. The sharp slowdown in U.S. economic growth in late 2000 and early 2001 should reduce the rate of increase of the current account deficit in 2001 through a slowing of the rate of growth of goods and services imports.
Mortgage Refinancing in 2001 and Early 2002
Authors: Canner Glenn B. , Dynan Karen E. , Passmore Wayne
Published: December 2020

Over the past ten years, millions of homeowners have taken advantage of lower mortgage interest rates and higher home values and have refinanced their mortgage loans. For many, the decision to refinance was motivated by a desire to reduce their monthly mortgage payments, either by obtaining a lower interest rate or by extending the maturity of their mortgage. When they have refinanced, many homeowners have liquefied some of the equity they accumulated in their homes by borrowing more than they needed to pay off their former mortgage and cover the transaction costs of the refinancing. They have used the funds raised in so-called cash-out refinancings to make home improvements, to repay other debts, or to purchase goods and services or other assets. This article presents estimates, based on recent survey findings, of the incidence of refinancing, the changes in terms and conditions of mortgages after refinancing, the amount of funds homeowners raised in the process, and the ways in which homeowners used the funds. It also provides comparisons with previous surveys of refinancing activity and a statistical analysis of the relative importance of different determinants of refinancing and the amount of home equity liquefied during refinancing. Finally, it gives rough estimates of the effects of recent refinancing on the U.S. economy, including the effects on aggregate consumption spending.
The Use of Checks and Other Noncash Payment Instruments in the United States
Authors: Gerdes Geoffrey R. , Walton Jack K.
Published: December 2020

Statistical estimates indicate that the use of checks in the United States has been declining since the mid-1990s, even as the population and the level of economic activity have been increasing. In contrast, the use of electronic payments has been growing at high and accelerating rates. Nonetheless, the paper check remains the predominant means of making retail payments and will likely continue to play a significant role in the U.S. payment system for the foreseeable future. The number and value of checks paid varies across depository institutions according to type, size, and location, in part a result of differences in the use of checks and electronic payments by households, businesses, and governments. Overall, household's share of total checks written has increased relative to that of businesses and governments.
U.S. International Transactions in 2002
Authors: Kamin Steven B.
Published: December 2020

After slightly narrowing during the cyclical slowdown of 2001, the U.S. current account deficit widened in 2002, as it had over the previous decade. Two-thirds of the increase in the deficit last year was attributable to an increase in the deficit for trade in goods and services. In addition, net investment income receded as receipts from abroad declined more than payments on foreign investments in the United States. The record $503 billion U.S. current account deficit registered in 2002 was financed by continued high levels of private capital inflows and stepped-up foreign official purchases of U.S. assets. If economic activity picks up in the United States and in its major trading partners later this year, as most forecasters expect, the U.S. external deficit likely will widen as U.S. imports of goods and services rise by a greater amount than U.S. exports of goods and services. The decline in the dollar from early 2002 to date is unlikely to restrain the widening of the deficit by much, as it has been relatively small and its effects will be spread over a number of years.
Recent Developments in Cross-Border Investment in Securities
Authors: Bertaut Carol C. , Griever William L.
Published: December 2020

Securities have replaced bank lending in recent years as the primary means through which funds are invested internationally, and in the process, the share of U.S. securities owned by foreigners has grown markedly. Between 1974 and 2002, the proportion of the value of outstanding U.S. long-term securities (equities and long-term debt) that was foreign-owned increased from about 5 percent to about 12 percent. At the same time, U.S. holdings of foreign long-term securities also increased, although their growth did not match the rapid growth in foreign holdings of U.S. securities. At $1.8 trillion, the value of U.S. holdings of foreign long-term securities at the end of 2002 was less than half the value of foreign holdings of U.S. securities; this difference resulted in a negative net international position in long-term securities of $2.3 trillion. The U.S. system for measuring cross-border securities activity consists of annual surveys measuring holdings of securities and monthly reports measuring transactions in securities. This article reports the latest survey data on holdings as well as the more-recent transactions data. The discussion focuses on U.S. cross-border securities activity, but it also addresses the investment patterns of some other countries and describes the initiatives to improve the measurement of cross-border securities investments.
Profits and Balance Sheet Developments at U.S. Commercial Banks in 2004
Authors: Klee Elizabeth , Natalucci Fabio M.
Published: December 2020

U.S. commercial banks continued to be highly profitable in 2004. Return on assets and return on equity declined moderately, but the economy's continued expansion and supportive financial conditions helped keep bank profits in the elevated range that has prevailed since the mid-1990s. Profits were trimmed a bit by a narrowing of banks' net interest margins as the yield curve flattened and competition put pressure on loan spreads. In addition, gains in non-interest income were less pronounced than in 2003, and non-interest expenses increased. However, the continued improvement in the overall credit quality of business and household loans allowed banks to reduce their provisioning for loan and lease losses, and delinquency and charge-off rates for all loan categories trended down. Bank balance sheets also expanded. A robust housing sector and generally low interest rates supported residential mortgage lending, and increases in demand along with an easing of lending standards and terms throughout the year boosted commercial and industrial loans. Banks also reported easing their standards and terms on commercial real estate loans, and such loans increased despite soft conditions in some markets. Still-low interest rates supported the continued growth of core deposits, but the greater rise in bank assets required banks to rely more heavily on managed liabilities, which rose strongly last year.
Changes in U.S. Family Finances from 2013 to 2016: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances
Authors: Bricker Jesse , Dettling Lisa J. , Henriques Alice M. , Hsu Joanne W. , Jacobs Lindsay , Moore Kevin B. , Pack Sarah , Sabelhaus John Edward , Thompson Jeffrey P. , Windle Richard
Published: December 2020

Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances The Federal Reserve Board's Survey of Consumer Finances for 2016 provides insights into the evolution of family income and net worth since the previous time the survey was conducted, in 2013. The survey shows that, over the 2013-16 period, the median value of real (inflation-adjusted) family income before taxes rose 10 percent, and mean income increased 14 percent. Real median net worth increased 16 percent, and mean net worth increased 26 percent. The data also indicate that gains in income and net worth are broad based, occurring across many different types of families, whether grouped by economic characteristics such as income and wealth or by demographic characteristics such as age, education, or race and ethnicity. However, the data also indicate that inequality continued to grow between 2013 and 2016, with large gains in income and net worth accruing to the highest-earning and wealthiest families. This article reviews these and other changes in the financial condition of U.S. families, including developments in assets, liabilities, debt payments, and credit market experiences.
A plea for extension of the anatomical nomenclature: Vessels
Authors: Kachlik David , Musil Vladimir , Blankova Alzbeta , Marvanova Zuzana , Miletin Jakub , Trachtova Daniela , Dvorakova Vlasta , Baca Vaclav
Published: December 2020

This article is the fourth and last part of a series aimed at extending and correcting the anatomical nomenclature. Because of the rapid development of internet and the use of electronic formats in communication in anatomy, embryology, histology, medical education and clinical medicine, an appropriate, precise and concise anatomical nomenclature is required. Such tool enables to avoid any potential confusion and possible scientific/medical mistakes. The up-to-date official anatomical terminology, Terminologia Anatomica, is available longer than 20 years and needs to be refined and extended. The authors have collected and listed 210 terms and completed them with definitions and/or explanations. We aimed to start a discussion about their potential incorporation into the new revised version of the Terminologia Anatomica. This article is primarily focused on the vessels of the human body (arteries, veins and lymphatic system).
Seed sterilization and tissue disruption for optimal DNA extractions for short read sequencing v1
Authors: Youngblood Ramey
Published: December 2020

Illumina short read sequencing requires high quality genomic DNA. Input material and proper tissue disruption are vital to successful DNA extractions. This protocol outlines how to obtain fresh young sterile tissue from seeds and how to properly disrupt this tissue for use in DNA extractions for Illumina short read sequencing.
The Role of Auditory Input Enhancement through Whats App in EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning and Retention
Authors: Javadi Yaghoob , Shehni Maryam Cheraghi
Published: December 2020

The present study investigated the effect of teaching vocabulary using auditory input enhancement via whats app on EFL learners’ vocabulary learning and retention. For this purpose, 85 students were participated and those 56 students whose scores were one standard deviation above or below the mean on Preliminary English Test (PET) were selected and they were assigned into one experimental and a control group. Then they were given a 40 multiple choice vocabulary test as their pretest. The 10-session treatment followed by teaching vocabulary using auditory input via Whats app in one experimental group and the control group had their conventional way of teaching. After the treatment, a vocabulary posttest was administered to groups in order to compare the participants' performance and to examine if or not the given instruction had any meaningful effect on their vocabulary achievement. After about 10 days after the posttest, the same vocabulary posttest was administered again to check the learners’ vocabulary retention. The analysis of the test scores through an independent sample t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that auditory input enhancement through Whats app had a statistically significant effect on vocabulary learning and retention of Iranian EFL learners.
TIME AND SPACE IN IVAN WERNISCH’S POETRY
Authors: Motornyy О.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the poetic world of the modern Czech prose writer, poet, translator from several European languages, a participant in the Prague Spring, whose works have not been printed for a long time and were banned, author of poetry collections “Kam letí nebe” (1961), “Zimohrádek” (1965), “Loutky” (1970), “Doupě latinářů” (1992), “Blbecká poezie” (2002), “Penthesilea” (2019), Ivan Wernisch. The writer has a great creative legacy that dates back to the sixties of the last century. During this long time, he managed to publish about thirty poetry books. Surrealism, interweaving of temporal and spatial indicators, interweaving of poetic and prosaic forms, rich poetic world are typical features of I. Wernisch’s poetry. The article explores the spatio-temporal relations of the Ivan Wernisch’s poetic world, the features of the image of the lyrical hero. Some poetry by Ivan Wernisch was used over time as lyrics of songs by Czech rock bands. The Ivan Wernisch’s son Michal Wernisch (also known as Ewald Murrer) followed his father’s footsteps and today is also known as a poet.
Comparação da motivação, autoestima e imagem corporal de idosas praticantes de hidroginástica
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Vicentini de , Jordão Adrieli Camila , Franco Maura Fernandes , Batista Roseana Pacheco Reis , Nascimento Júnior José Roberto Andrade do , Bertolini Sônia Maria Marques Gomes
Published: December 2020

Este estudo comparou a autoestima, a autoimagem e a motivação para a prática de hidroginástica de acordo com as condições de saúde de 70 idosas de Maringá (PR). Tratou-se de um estudo transversal que utilizou um questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde, a escala de autoestima de Rosenberg, a escala de nove silhuetas e o Inventário de Motivação para o Exercício-2. A análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e “U” de Mann-Whitney (p < 0,05). Os resultados indicaram que idosas com percepção de saúde boa obtiveram maior autoestima do que aquelas com percepção regular (p = 0,019). As idosas que utilizam até dois medicamentos apresentaram maior escore de autoestima do que as que fazem uso de mais de dois medicamentos (p = 0,042). As idosas com histórico de quedas alcançaram escore superior em todos os fatores de motivação, menor escore de autoestima e maior insatisfação corporal do que aqueles sem histórico de quedas (p < 0,05). As participantes do estudo que praticam a hidroginástica menos vezes por semana são mais motivadas para prevenção de doenças (p = 0,004) e de diversão (p = 0,003). Concluiu-se que a percepção de saúde, a utilização de medicamentos, o histórico de quedas e a frequência da prática de hidroginástica afetam os motivos que levam as idosas a praticarem a hidroginástica
Conhecimento, atitude e prática de trabalhadoras rurais sobre prevenção do câncer de colo uterino
Authors: Azevêdo Joicy Amorim Francisco de , Silva Wanessa Nathally de Santana , Rodrigues Bruno Henrique Ximenes , Holanda Viviane Rolim de
Published: December 2020

Objetivou-se identificar o conhecimento, a atitude e a prática sobre a prevenção do câncer de colo uterino de mulheres trabalhadoras rurais, bem como conhecer o perfil sociodemográfico, as principais dificuldades para realização do exame citopatológico e os fatores de risco do câncer de colo uterino. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, de corte transversal, desenvolvido com 50 trabalhadoras rurais associadas ao Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais da cidade de Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco. Dentre as mulheres entrevistadas, em relação à prevenção do câncer de colo uterino, 32 (64%) possuíam conhecimento inadequado; 26 (52%) apresentavam atitude adequada e 39 (78%) apresentavam prática adequada. As trabalhadoras rurais precisam conhecer o exame citopatológico e a importância de sua realização, para aderirem à prática do exame. Dessa forma, é de grande importância definir estratégias para suprir as deficiências encontradas, de maneira que essas mulheres possam ter mais conhecimento do exame e adesão ao mesmo
Análise epidemiológica de casos novos de hanseníase em uma antiga colônia do Estado de Minas Gerais (2000-2016)
Authors: Garcia Ingrid Rabite , Santos Adriana Maria Rocha Trancoso , Pereira Patrícia Feliciano , Silva Eduardo de Almeida Marques da
Published: December 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever e relacionar classificação operacional, vacinação com BCG e gênero entre casos novos de hanseníase na Colônia Padre Damião, município de Ubá, Minas Gerais, de 2000 a 2016. Os dados foram coletados a partir de fichas de notificação e entrevistas, totalizando 43 casos novos pesquisados. Gênero feminino, forma multibacilar e vacinados predominaram na análise descritiva. Além disso, observou-se diminuição na porcentagem de casos multibacilares em indivíduos com uma ou duas cicatrizes de BCG em comparação com os sem cicatriz. Em mulheres com uma cicatriz, comparadas com as sem cicatriz, ocorreu menor porcentagem de casos multibacilares. Nos homens, casos paucibacilares foram encontrados somente em indivíduos com duas cicatrizes. Portanto, a vacina BCG administrada em 1 dose está relacionada com proteção contra a forma multibacilar em mulheres. Em homens, a segunda dose é necessária para se proteger contra essa forma clínica.
Impacto da estrogenização vaginal no seguimento de citologia oncótica de significado indeterminado na pós-menopausa
Authors: Araújo Natacha Machado de , Silva Jean Carl , Moreira Larissa Maria , Monfredini Nayme Hechem
Published: December 2020

Avaliar a estrogenização tópica vaginal no seguimento de citologia oncótica de significado indeterminado, tipo ASC-H, na pós-menopausa. Estudo, tipo caso-controle, que avaliou mulheres menopausadas com diagnóstico de ASC-H, divididas em dois grupos, com e sem uso de estrogênio tópico vaginal (GE e GNE). Foi calculada razão de chance a partir de tabelas de contingência construídas com variação robusta. Foram analisados 128 prontuários, sendo 27% de pacientes do GNE e 72% do GE. Houve aumento de diagnósticos ASC-H no GNE. No GE, aproximadamente 68 vezes menos colposcopias inadequadas e diminuição do número de colposcopias e Cirurgia de Alta Frequência (CAF), com evidência na redução em 21 e 12,5 vezes, respectivamente. Diminuição do número de colposcopias com melhor adequação ao exame, número de biópsias inalterado e diminuição do número de cirurgias de alta frequência, no grupo com uso de estrogênio tópico vaginal durante o seguimento.
Trabalho do enfermeiro em unidade hospitalar: entre o prescrito e o real
Authors: Pinno Camila , Vargas Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira , Bonfada Mônica Strapazzon , Brutti Thais Brasil , Freitas Etiane de Oliveira , Cunha Quézia Boeira da , Camponogara Silviamar
Published: December 2020

Este estudo teve o objetivo de identificar como ocorre o trabalho prescrito e o trabalho real do enfermeiro em unidade de internação clínica cirúrgica. Uma pesquisa qualitativa, tipo estudo de caso, foi realizada com 12 enfermeiros em unidade de internação clínica cirúrgica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa documental, observação sistemática e entrevista semiestruturada. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo, sob a perspectiva do referencial da ergologia. Após a análise dos dados, emergiu a categoria “Trabalho do enfermeiro em unidade hospitalar: entre o prescrito e o real”. O trabalho do enfermeiro caracteriza-se por rotinas preestabelecidas e regido por normas e legislações. No entanto, evidencia-se o trabalho real, na medida em que profissional se confronta com dramáticas do uso de si, microgestionando as atividades e efetivando renormalizações. Concluiu-se que o trabalho do enfermeiro é efetivado durante o trabalho real, mas, por vezes, os enfermeiros remetem-se mais a adesão ao trabalho prescrito.
Medical Image Data Classification Using Deep Learning Based Hybrid Model with CNN and Encoder
Authors: Battula Bhanu Prakash , Balaganesh Duraisamy
Published: December 2020

Healthcare sector is one of the prime and different from other trade. Society expects high priority and highest level of services and care irrespective of money. Presently medical field suffers from accurate diagnosis of diseases and it create huge loss to society. The prime factor for this is due to the nature of medical data, it is a combination of all varieties of data. Medical image analysis is a key method of Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) frameworks. Customary strategies depend predominantly on the shape, shading, and additionally surface highlights just as their mixes, a large portion of which are issue explicit and have demonstrated to be integral in medical images, which prompts a framework that does not have the capacity to make portrayals of significant level issue area ideas and that has poor model speculation capacity. In this paper we are attempting a medical image data classification technique using hybrid deep learning technique based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and encodes. What's more, we assess the proposed approach on two benchmark clinical picture datasets: HIS2828 and ISIC2017. The proposed algorithm is applied on the considered 2 datasets for performing data classification using deep learning based CNN and encoders. The proposed model is compared with the traditional methods and the results show that proposed model classification accuracy is better than the existing models.
EMG Signal Feature Extraction, Normalization and Classification for Pain and Normal Muscles Using Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Jain Reema , Garg Vijay Kumar
Published: December 2020

Electromyography (EMG) is the process of measuring neuromuscular activities generated during the contraction and expansion period of muscles throughout the body. The potential is recorded by inserting needle or by placing electrodes on the surface of body. In this research, an automatic EMG signal classification system is developed using machine learning oriented Support Vector Machine (SVM). The collected data is selected using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The purpose of GA is to select those rows from the dataset, which contains potential or electrical activities recorded while the patient is in motion. Furthermore, the selected features are neutralized using critic method. To improve the row selection cosine similarity is being used to determine an average value hence also helps for data reduction. Based on the average similarity values, SVM is trained and used for classification during the testing phase. The experiment has been performed in MATLAB tool and the classification accuracy for normal and pain EMG signal of 91.3% and 92.4% respectively is achieved.
Recognition of Wrong Sports Movements Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Wang Haiying
Published: December 2020

During physical education (PE), the teaching quality is severely affected by problems like nonstandard technical movements or wrong demonstrative movements. High-speed photography can capture instantaneous movements that cannot be recognized with naked eyes. Therefore, this technology has been widely used to judge the sprint movements in track and field competitions, and assess the quality of artistic gymnastics. Inspired by three-dimensional (3D) image analysis, this paper proposes a method to recognize the standard and wrong demonstrative sports movements, based on 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) and graph theory. Firstly, a 3D posture perception strategy for demonstrative sports movements was constructed based on video sequence. Next, the authors provided the framework of the recognition system for standard and wrong demonstrative sports movements. After that, a 3D CNN was stablished to distinguish between standard and wrong demonstrative sports movements. The proposed method was proved effective and superior through experiments. The research results provide a good reference for the application of 3D image analysis in the recognition of other body behaviors and movements.
Community Rules in City Branding Communication (Study on “Boyolali Smile of Java” city branding in Boyolali, Indonesia)
Authors: Saktianingrum Dewi , Hastjarjo Sri , Rahmanto Andre
Published: December 2020

City branding has become a practice carried out in various countries including Indonesia. Cities in Indonesia are trying to increase their competitiveness through city branding. The success of city branding been achieved by several big cities in Indonesia, small cities and several districts have implemented city branding as a strategic policy. Boyolali is one of the regencies that has recently also carried out city branding. With the approach of the Kavaratzis city branding communication model, this study wants to describe the role of the community as a stakeholder in city branding of Boyolali Regency. The methods used were interviews and documentation, the informants in this study consisted of the government side and several community activists in Boyolali Regency. Data were analyzed using data analysis techniques Miles and Huberman. The results showed a lack of community involvement in the planning and implementation of city branding. However, these communities eventually became part of the Boyolali city branding tertiary communication. The activities carried out by these communities were finally able to become a branding tool for Boyolali, which not controlled by the government.
Improving the Economic and Mathematical Methods for Analyzing and Reducing Current State of Debt Among the Entities
Authors: Saydullaev Shakhzod
Published: December 2020

The collection of information on non-payments in the banking sector and their compact presentation in the matrix form in accordance with the required rules, the creation of various economic models (equities) of non-payments, elimination of different non-payment consequences and analysis are the intermediate scientific research goal of the article.
Economic Mechanism for Managing the Strategic Development of Territorial Communities
Authors: Tkachuk I.H. , Melnychuk Yu.M. , Tkachuk D.Yu. , Kyryliuk I.M. , Solodzhuk T.V.
Published: December 2020

The article "Economic Mechanism for Managing Strategic Development of Territorial Communities" focuses on the problems of forming a mechanism for managing strategic development of territorial communities. The purpose of the article is to determine the basics of the financial and economic mechanism regarding self-government and selffinancing of united territorial communities. The subject of research is the process of forming an economic mechanism for managing a territorial community, as a set of economic, legal levers and financial instruments, relationships and institutions that ensure the effective involvement of all resources (natural, human, transport, social structure, etc.) in the economic circulation in the system of a single economic complex of Ukraine.
Animation - AR Silhouette Model to Create Character Identity Innovation for Computer Art Pre-Production
Authors: Chujitarom Wannaporn , Panichruttiwong Chaiporn
Published: December 2020

The research objectives are: (1) to develop an Animation-AR (AAR) Silhouette Model to Create Character Identity Innovation for Computer Art Pre- Production; (2) to evaluate the model; and (3) to study the effect of using the model. The sample group are 7 experts who have taught computer art for more than 5 years. The results of the research were: (1) the model consists of 3 elements: Input Factors, AAR Silhouette Process, and Character Identity Innovation; (2) the result of a satisfaction model based on expert assessment is at the highest level (xˉ = 4.33, S.D. = 0.69); and (3) the results of the trial using the model found that the Character Identity Innovation displays a high level of satisfaction.
Измерение оптических свойств десны и дентина человека в спектральном диапазоне 350–800 нм
Authors:   Saratov State University, Selifonov Alexey Andreevich , Zyuryukina Olga Anatolyevna ,   Saratov State University, Lazareva Ekaterina Nikolaevna ,   Saratov State University, Skibina Julia Sergeevna ,   Saratov State University, Zagorovskaya Tatyana Mikhailovna ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Syrova Olga Vladimirovna ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Aleshkina Olga Yurievna ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Tuchin Valery Viсtorovich ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2020

Knowledge of the optical properties of biological tissues is important for the development of optical diagnostics, photodynamic and photothermal therapy of various diseases. However, despite the significant number of works devoted to the determination of the optical properties of tissues, the optical properties of human gums and dentin remain currently poorly understood. In this work, we experimentally studied the optical properties of human gums and dentin in the spectral range from 350 nm to 800 nm. Basing on measured diffuse reflection and total transmission spectra and using the Inverse Adding Doubling (IAD) method, the spectral dependences of absorption and scattering coefficients of the studied tissue samples were calculated.
Tartarugas na Amazônia: notas interpretativas sobre preservação entre os quilombolas do Alto Trombetas, Oriximiná, Pará
Authors: Fidelis Juliana Cardoso , Figueiredo Evillys Martins de
Published: December 2020

Este artigo objetiva esboçar notas interpretativas sobre a concepção quilombola de preservação ambiental e como essa concepção se relaciona às ações de conservação operadas pelo ICMBio na região do Alto Trombetas (Oriximiná, Pará). Refletimos via narrativa do encantado João Diriguidon, articulando a figura do narrador, memória coletiva, reciprocidade e conhecimento local relativo às transformações advindas da sobreposição de duas Unidades de Conservação aos territórios quilombolas. A narrativa apresenta elementos da relação entre humanos, tartarugas e encantados no rio Trombetas; informa sobre acordos sociais e ecológicas quilombolas, e possibilita compreender a preservação em relação às ações de conservação do ICMBio. Nesse cenário de disputas e aproximações quanto ao futuro dos “bichos de casco”, em especial de Podocnemis expansa na Amazônia, concluímos que, apesar dos conflitos ligados às restrições de uso de recursos ambientais nas unidades, preservação e conservação não são conceitos incomensuráveis, mas partes diferentes de um processo que objetiva a salvaguarda das tartarugas.
TÉDIO E SENTIDO NA PANDEMIA: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DO PENSAMENTO DE VIKTOR FRANKL
Authors: Pinheiro Braga Arnin Rommel
Published: December 2020

Segundo pesquisa feita nos meses de Abril e Maio de 2020, pelo Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel), do Ministério da Saúde, 20,5% dos brasileiros que quebraram a quarentena alegaram ter feito isso por um motivo específico: o tédio. Esses dados são preocupantes quando comparados aos altos índices de mortes por COVID-19 nestes mesmos meses. Em outras palavras, muitos brasileiros preferiram arriscar a vida frente à possibilidade de contágio pelo novo coronavírus, do que conviver com o tédio. Neste sentido, este artigo buscará entender tal comportamento humano, visando explorar de forma fenomenológica as características do tédio tendo por base as análises do pensador austríaco Viktor Frankl, em sua obra Em busca de sentido. Segundo Frankl, o tédio se apresenta não como uma neurose psicogênica gerada por conflitos psíquicos, mas sim como neurose noogênica, isto é, relacionada com a questão do fracasso existencial e a questão do sentido da existência. Sendo assim, Frankl revela que o tédio – a faceta mais explícita do vazio existencial – pode apresentar uma noodinâmica, ou seja, um conflito entre a realidade concreta e os ideais do individuo que o levam a questionar-se sobre o sentido de sua existência. Este sentido não se caracteriza como uma invenção abstrata do sujeito, muito menos como algo externo dado pela cultura e suas tradições. Mas o sentido se mostra e é dado pela própria realidade concreta, que interpela o ser humano e lhe solicita uma resposta. Quando o ser humano responde a partir da autotranscendência, tal resposta é capaz de conferir sentido à sua existência.
TEMPOS DE INCERTEZAS: O QUE PODEMOS APRENDER NO NÍVEL CONCEITUAL E ANALÍTICO?
Authors: Vidal Josep Pont
Published: December 2020

Cada época, cada fenômeno social e coletivo, deixa impactos e mudanças visíveis nas sociedades. A pandemia Covid-19 que a humanidade tem sofrido deixou impactos devastadores nos níveis coletivo e individual e em todas as áreas (saúde, economia, trabalho). Como podemos definir esta era de incerteza? O que podemos aprender em um nível conceitual? Para responder a essas questões, é necessário levantar não apenas a incerteza, mas também a forma como as decisões são tomadas, ou seja, a contingência. Nós expomos e analisamos tal conceito na filosofia e na sociologia.
PAREAMENTO AO MODELO COM AJUSTE DO ATRASO: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Albrecht Charlise , Hanna Elenice S.
Published: December 2020

O Pareamento-ao-Modelo com Ajuste do Atraso (TDMTS) é utilizado para estudar memória de trabalho e fenômenos correlatos. Neste procedimento, a escolha do estímulo correspondente ao modelo deve ocorrer após um intervalo de tempo desde a retirada do modelo (atraso). O atraso é ajustado a partir dos acertos e erros do participante. O objetivo deste artigo foi fazer uma revisão de literatura de estudos que manipularam variáveis metodológicas do TDMTS. A partir de buscas em bancos de dados, na internet e nas referências dos artigos encontrados, foram analisados 16 artigos, que descrevem 21 experimentos, publicados de 1965 a 2019. A revisão mostrou os critérios e valores de parâmetros mais utilizados na literatura, e resumiu os efeitos da manipulação de aspectos metodológicos. Atrasos ajustados mais longos estão relacionados ao: aumento da observação ao modelo, programação do atraso inicial de cada sessão baseada nos atrasos finais da sessão anterior; critério de ajuste mais tolerante; maiores valores do incremento; e programação de reforços diferenciais para cada discriminação. Estes resultados carecem de replicações controladas para avaliar a generalidade, considerando a variedade de parâmetros, critérios e sujeitos experimentais.Palavras-chave: discriminação condicional, memória de trabalho, pareamento-ao-modelo com atraso, ajuste do atraso, revisão.