bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Podejście zorientowane terytorialnie (place-based policy) – teoria i praktyka polityki regionalnej
Authors: Churski Paweł
Published: October 2020

Zasięg współczesnych poszukiwań optymalnych sposobów programowania i realizacji polityki regionalnej oraz kształtowania w ramach jej interwencji czynników rozwoju wyznaczają dwie skrajne co do założeń koncepcje: place-neutral approach oraz place-based approach. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie podstaw teoretycznych oraz wykorzystania praktycznego drugiej ze wskazanych koncepcji określanej w polskiej literaturze przedmiotu najczęściej mianem polityki rozwoju zorientowanej terytorialnie, która w ostatnim okresie została upowszechniona i zyskała na znaczeniu w praktyce europejskiej polityki spójności. Postępowanie badawcze składa się z dwóch zasadniczych etapów. W pierwszym kroku dokonano systematyzacji podstaw teoretycznych koncepcji polityki regionalnej zorientowanej terytorialnie. W drugim kroku przedstawiono dotychczasowe doświadczenia w zakresie wykorzystania tego podejścia w praktyce europejskiej polityki spójności, zwracając szczególną uwagę na występujące ograniczenia i przeszkody. Podsumowując przeprowadzoną analizę, sformułowano wnioski i rekomendacje wskazujące na działania mogące zapewnić zwiększenie skuteczności implementacji podejścia zorientowanego terytorialnie w praktyce działań polityki regionalnej. Artykuł został przygotowany w ramach projektu badawczego Narodowego Centrum Nauki – OPUS 10 – 2015/19/B/HS5/00012: „Nowe wyzwania polityki regionalnej w kształtowaniu czynników rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego regionów mniej rozwiniętych”. Jego ustalenia znajdują zastosowanie w opracowaniu modelu ex-ante czynników rozwoju regionalnego stanowiącego podstawę do ich operacyjnego wskaźnikowania oraz weryfikacji empirycznej przyjętych założeń w badaniach zróżnicowań rozwojowych na różnych poziomach przestrzennych w Unii Europejskiej (UE) i w Polsce (Churski i in. 2017a, b).
Duże miasta w strukturach terytorialno-administracyjnych Niemiec Wschodnich. Zmienność funkcji administracyjnych i granic miast po 1990 r.
Authors: Dolata Michał
Published: October 2020

Celem opracowania jest charakterystyka dużych miast w Niemczech Wschodnich1 w zakresie ich umiejscowienia w strukturach terytorialno-administracyjnych, kształtujących się na obszarze byłej NRD w okresie transformacji systemowej. Charakterystyka ta opiera się na dynamicznej analizie zbiorowości miast ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zmienności ich stanu w dwóch aspektach, tj. w aspekcie funkcji administracyjnych skupionych w poszczególnych ośrodkach (aspekt funkcjonalny) oraz w aspekcie zmienności granic gmin miejskich (aspekt przestrzenny). Referowane zamierzenie badawcze ukierunkowano na określenie głównych współczesnych tendencji rozwojowych, determinujących sytuację dużych miast, w kontekście zmieniającej się organizacji terytorialnej wschodnioniemieckich krajów związkowych oraz pozostałych transformacyjnych, społeczno-gospodarczych czynników i barier rozwoju.
Sztuka wojenna słowian w świetle dzieła Teofilakta Symokatty.
Authors: Różycki Łukasz
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the piece Sztuka wojenna Słowian w świetle dzieła Teofilakta Symokatty [The military craft of Slavs as presented in the work of Theophylat Simocatta] was to demonstrate the military history of Slavs in the context of the work of Theophylact Simocatta, a leading source of information about the Balkans at the end of the 6th century. All the fragments including any information about Slavs’ military operations were analyzed and then verified against other contemporary sources, mainly the military treatise Strategikon. The results were anything but dubious; Theophylact’s account of Slavs was corroborated not only in the works of other historians (Procopius and John of Ephesus), but also in a military treatise, most likely written by an experienced commander (Strategikon). The work of Theophylact presents Slavic war craft as a simple, tribal affair. The barbarians made use of all the available stratagems in order to gain advantage over Romans whose military experience and material culture surpassed that of Slavs. Accounts of ambushes, night raids, swift attacks and rapid retreats (especially mentions of how the Slavs adapted to fighting in the woods) appear in all reliable sources. Another frequently mentioned fact is Slavs’ skill in crossing rivers in which they excelled. A comparative analysis of the sources confirms that all ancient authors regarded Slavs highly skilled in this respect. Another conclusion was that Slavs acted differently in Roman territories (where in the event of an attack, they would typically retreat) than in their own lands which they were prepared to defend at any cost. A verification of the reliability of Theophylact Simocatta’s account of the Slavic military craft gives grounds for attempting a more detailed assessment of their activities in the final two decades of the 6th century, and as such adds to our knowledge about barbarian tribes penetrating the Balkans.
Rola rzemiosła skandynawskiego w dziejach gospodarczych wczesnośredniowiecznej Europy w świetle badań metaloznawczych noży żelaznych
Authors: Łosiński Władysław
Published: October 2020

The issue of the earliest medieval settlement in West Pomerania continues to generate discussions in the context of its dating and spread to various regions. The latest growth in the number of new archaeological sources related to this issue necessitates a new approach to the process of formation thereof. An attempt at explaining the chronological relations of this settlement in the face of the latest ancient settlement is a separate issue.
ROLA KRYTYKI W KSZTAŁTOWANIU WIZERUNKU CZŁOWIEKA W INTERAKCJACH MIĘDZYOSOBOWYCH
Authors: Kaus Jerzy
Published: October 2020

The article aims at analyzing the role of criticism in forming the image of human being in interpersonal interactions. The discussion starts with defining criticism and image. In order to define the concept of criticism, the definition proposed by Mirosław Karwat (2007) is applied. Next, the notion of image is analyzed by means of Stanisław Puppel’s (2016) definition. Finally, the role of criticism in forming the image of human being is scrutinized by means of a survey which was carried out among 20 students studying in Poznań. The results are discussed in the final part of the article.
THE LGBT COMMUNITY AS A STAKEHOLDER IN COMMUNICATING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: AN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED CASE STUDIES
Authors: Szyndlar Marta , Wąsikiewicz-Firlej Emilia
Published: October 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an indispensable element of corporate communication. Engagement in social initiatives enables companies to stabilise their positive image, present their values and communicate with stakeholders. Although in recent years the LGBT community has more and more frequently been the addressee of such corporate actions, this theme has rarely been explored by scholars. The present paper aims to investigate how corporate initiatives related to CSR are communicated to the LGBT community as one of the corporate stakeholders. Due to the scarcity of subsequent research, the current qualitative study is of an explorative character and has taken the form of a case study. Three brands renown for addressing the LGBT community, i.e. Ben and Jerry’s, Levi’s and Absolut Vodka, have been selected for the study, which analyses the relevant communication practices. The study primarily aims to specify the image of the LBGT community emerging from the campaigns analysed and to identify the communication channels and tools applied. Additionally, it also attempts to scrutinise the outcomes of these activities and their impact on corporate reputation as well as the perception of the LGBT community in a wider social context.
JĘZYKOWO-KULTUROWE KONSEKWENCJE KONTAKTU MAJÓW Z HISZPANAMI
Authors: Tuszyńska Boguchwała , Jagodziński Kajetan
Published: October 2020

In the paper, an attempt has been made to describe the cultural and linguistic contacts between the local Maya civilization and the Spanish conquistadores. The consequences of that contact for the local culture and Mayan-Spanish interrelationships have been discussed. The authors emphasize that as a result of this intensive and long-time contact, the Spanish culture has not been completely imposed on the Maya culture, nor has Spanish language completely subjugated the Mayan language.
Niemieckie objaśnienia nawiasowe w prasie górnołużyckiej
Authors: Bura Renata
Published: October 2020

The extraction of Upper Sorbian vocabulary with German glosses in parentheses allowed researchers to collect, in a short time, rich lexical material for study and to conduct statistical analyses, which, to some extent, helped to evaluate the role of the Upper Lusatian press in the development of the lexis of this language. The vocabulary extracted from the daily newspaper Serbske Nowiny (the issues of 2011) proved to be very interesting semantically. This collection of words illustrates the development of the Upper Sorbian lexis and reflects thesocial and economic changes which have taken place in recent years. The words explained in parentheses were poorly known or new.
Wojna w dystopii – dystopia jako antywojna (na materiale powieści Kaharłyk Ołeha Szynkarenki)
Authors: Ursulenko Anna
Published: October 2020

The dystopian novel Kaharlyk (2014) by Oleh Shynkarenko, the action of which takes place in about 2144, depicts various kinds of wars and forms of armed struggle: the occupation of territories of Ukraine by the Russian army, Russian-Chinese nuclear war, guerrilla warfare, the local conflict for power, and ethnic antagonisms. The description of the post-apocalyptic reality Grey Zone gives the author an opportunity to reflect on the dangers of aggressive ideology: imperialism, religious fundamentalism and radical nationalism. The diagnosis of Ukrainian society presented is also alarming. Hence, the work can be seen as a warning novel. Similar elements can be found in many dystopias written recently in different countries. An analysis of examples from Russian and American cultures shows that criticism of the existing situation is often combined with an admonition of the phenomena that may arise from the dangerous trends of the present, including armed conflicts. Hence visions of future wars, among other things, serve as a tool of discreditation against the ruling political forces and propose an analysis of discourses responsible for driving those wars. Implemented in such way, the ideological function, the metadiscursive perspective and humanistic values of dystopia allow for it, in our opinion, to be included in the arsenal of measures designed to “create conditions that scare of war or limit its scope” (A. Toffler, H. Toffler). The totality of these measures was defined by Alvin and Heidi Toffler as “anti-war”.
Kuszenie historią: zwrot narracyjny we współczesnej powieści galicyjskiej
Authors: Poliszczuk Jarosław
Published: October 2020

A review of modern historiography shows the traditional methods of the description of history and of appeals to certain private, subjective and emotional facts. In the context of this problem, the author researches novels of contemporary Ukrainian literature which have a historical background. These are The Pharmacist (2015) by Yuriy Vynnychuk, Felix Austria (2014) by Sophia Andruchovych and Kornelia (2015) by Nadia Morykvas. These writers don’t suggest an absolutely new concept of the past, but their interpretations of history show signs of a new method which hasn’t been invented just for today. Writers show history as the private experience of separate heroes, as in such an interpretation it takes the new plot. Such a literary position demonstrates a dissatisfaction with memorial culture, which is typical nowadays.
Synteza dziejów powieści serbołużyckiej. Tomasz Derlatka, Powieść z Górnych Łużyc: historia, poetyka, ideologia, Slovanský Ústav AV ČR, v.v.i., Praha 2015, ss. 1130
Authors: Bakuła Bogusław
Published: October 2020

Synteza dziejów powieści serbołużyckiej. Tomasz Derlatka, Powieść z Górnych Łużyc:historia, poetyka, ideologia, Slovanský Ústav AV ČR, v.v.i., Praha 2015, ss. 1130
Poezja zza krat. Щоб промінь волі не погас: вірші українських поетів у перекладі російською мовою Марка Каганцова – Чтоб луч свободы не погас: стихотворения украинских поэтов в переводе на русский язык Марка Каганцова, упоряд. і автор передмови Р. Кюнцлі, Українські технології, Львів 2015, cc. 576
Authors: Korbicz Halina
Published: October 2020

Poezja zza krat. Щоб промінь волі не погас: вірші українських поетів у перекладіросійською мовою Марка Каганцова – Чтоб луч свободы не погас: стихотворения украинскихпоэтов в переводе на русский язык Марка Каганцова, упоряд. і автор передмови Р. Кюнцлі,Українські технології, Львів 2015, cc. 576
Grupa nominalna w ustawach . System wewnątrztekstowych-odniesień
Authors: Łapa Romana
Published: October 2020

This paper deals with a group of contemporary legal texts which have the form of statutes. The author describes the anaphoric relation between nominal groups (NG) constituted by an event-driven element and sentences which are linearly prior to these groups, the so-called antecedents. The analysis, founded on principles of syntax with a semantic basis, provides observations about restrictions in the formalisation of elements of the semantic base whose elements can be connected with the use of NG. The disclosure of elements of the content plan, excluding exceptions, entails a condensation which causes that categorical meanings that are the most intensely governed and communicatively relevant are fulfilled on the surface. The inability to reproduce the meaning of the “grammatical agent” causes that NG with a constitutive event-driven element are an indication of the depersonalisation attributed to legal texts. The repeatability of NG, mainly one- and two-component phrases, as well as their initial location in an utterance are factors depicting another feature of statutes: syntactic schematism. The author also demonstrates that the system of intratextual references is not the same in various variants of the Polish language. In the statute, as a genre of the legal language, its specific nature is already noticeable within one of the systematising units of the legal text, i.e. the article. The specific nature of the examined relation is conditioned by (1) the proper arrangement of structures connected with a network of references, and (2) the manner of their denotation. These features are the results of adherence to the editorial principles of legal texts.
Jeszcze o prapolskim etnonimie Polanie
Authors: Łuczyński Michał
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to review the question of the use of the Proto-Polish ethnonym Polanie. According to the opinion traditionally adopted in historiography, this name referred to one of the tribes inhabiting GreaterPoland (the territories of Kuyavia) whose territorial conquests led to the establishment of the Polish State. On the basis of a semantic analysis of the earliest written occurrences of this name, the author develops the thesisthat it originally designated a tribe residing in the western part of Lesser Poland, and only at the beginning of the 11th century, again, it came to denote the ‘inhabitants of Poland’ (understood as the state of Bolesław I the Brave).
Teoria i praktyka etymologiczna Samuela Bogumiła Lindego na tle jego komparatystyki językoznawczej
Authors: Lewaszkiewicz Tadeusz
Published: October 2020

Linde’s theory and practice of etymology must not be evaluated solely through the lens of modern linguistics, but also from the point of view of late 19th century language (especially Slavic language) studies. Against the general background of late 18th/early 19th century linguistics, his theory of etymology may be granted tentative approval, even though it contains many mistakes and nonsensical conclusions. Linde compiled the views of many of his predecessors (such as de Brosses, de Gébelin, Adelung, Ihre, Wachter and Dobrovský), but also attempted to modify some of their thoughts and add his own. It is not true (as stated in Zwoliński 1981) that no connection exists between the etymological theories of Dobrovský and Linde. The Polish lexicographer did indeed partially utilise the Czech’s work. Such approval cannot, however, be extended to Linde’s etymological practices as regards comparing Polish and Polish-Slavic lexical material: even though 65% (i.e. 547) of etymological fields contain correctly compiled vocabulary, mistakes occur in 35% (i.e. 292) of them. That Linde’s etymology-deriving principles were ineffective is evidenced by the fact that each of these 292 etymological fields should – based on the state of knowledge in the late 19th/early 20th century – be split into from 2 to 19 etymological fields. On the other hand, his etymological lists that cite words from many Indo-European languages, such as Polish and other Slavic languages, Latin, Greek, German and Baltic languages, and Sanskrit, should be viewed with some approval. Most of the comparisons found in Linde’s etymological treatise, which contains about 1,300 entries, bear similar marks of plausibility. The possibility of Bopp, Rask and Grimm being familiar with the inquiries of the Polish lexicographer and amateur linguist cannot be excluded. In the 19th century, Linde’s etymological principles influenced the so-called inspired linguists, including J. Kamiński, J. Lelewel, A. Mickiewicz and C.K. Norwid.
Poezie Wilhelma Przeczka v českých a německých překladech
Authors: Martinek Libor
Published: October 2020

In this article, we are presenting the work of a Polish poet from a Polish minority the Czech Cieszyn Silesia Wilhelm Przeczek (7. 4. 1936 v Karviná, Czechoslovakia - 10. 7. 2006 Třinec, Czech Republic) into the Czech and German language, as the author’s poetry was published not only in journals but also in books. We understand translation as an expression of intercultural communication, and especially in the area of the literature of a national minority, which is undoubtedly a Polish ethnic group in the Czech Cieszyn Silesia, it is a paramount phenomenon comparing the quality of literary life in the area with majority culture (Czech); as far as translations into German are concerned, it shows the interest of translators in the work of a poet from the Polish national minority, without this witnessing the emanation of a typical Polish soul in Polish literature in the Czech Republic and former Czechoslovakia, but it is evidence that it is fully competitive in total Polish national culture.
Funkcjonowanie fragmentów Modlitwy Pańskiej w tekstach poetyckich późnego średniowiecza
Authors: Masłej Dorota
Published: October 2020

The goal of the article is to provide a description of grammar and vocabulary-related differences in the fragments of Our Father in Polish medieval songs (until the 16th century). The fragments introduced into the texts are processed to varying degrees, from being quoted, to modified or involving a free reference to the Pater Noster. Modification was the most frequently employed form. There were four major types of modifications: lexical exchange, change in word order, adding an element and removing an element. This also indicated the reasons for introducing the changes: some of them stem from the way in which the excerpts were introduced into the text (formal changes), some are intentional (application of specific forms) and affected the form of the artistic song (rhyme, rhythm, phonaesthetics). The lack of stability of the adopted fragments is also related to the way song operated as an oral form, making it vulnerable to a variety of transpositions. At the same time, however, with all these modifications, one element remained unchanged: the expression from evil which became one of the “theological and poetic formulas” used in Polish religious poetry of the Middle Ages.
Dolnołużycka frazeologia somatyczna
Authors: Szpila Grzegorz
Published: October 2020

The paper discusses selected Lower Sorbian idiomatic expressions with somatic components. The author talks about somatisms and somatic phraseology in general, as well as presents different types of idiomatic motivation. A theoretical section is followed by the presentation of a corpus of somatic idioms taken fromDolnoserbsko-nimski słownik/Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch by Manfred Starosta. The analysis of the idiomatic expressions shows how Lower Sorbian somatic phraseological units make use of somatic lexemes, as well as demonstrates the various types of motivation behind the actual senses of the examined expressions.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Models of Tumor Growth and Anticancer Effects in Discrete Time
Authors: Atıcı Ferhan M. , Nguyen Ngoc , Dadashova Kamala , Pedersen Sarah E. , Koch Gilbert
Published: October 2020

We study the h-discrete and h-discrete fractional representation of a pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) model describing tumor growth and anticancer effects in continuous time considering a time scale h𝕅0, where h > 0. Since the measurements of the drug concentration in plasma were taken hourly, we consider h = 1/24 and obtain the model in discrete time (i.e. hourly). We then continue with fractionalizing the h-discrete nabla operator in the h-discrete model to obtain the model as a system of nabla h-fractional difference equations. In order to solve the fractional h-discrete system analytically we state and prove some theorems in the theory of discrete fractional calculus. After estimating and getting confidence intervals of the model parameters, we compare residual squared sum values of the models in one table. Our study shows that the new introduced models provide fitting as good as the existing models in continuous time.
Special functions and Gauss–Thakur sums in higher rank and dimension
Authors: Gazda Quentin , Maurischat Andreas
Published: October 2020

Anderson generating functions have received a growing attention in function field arithmetic in the last years.
Despite their introduction by Anderson in the 1980s where they were at the heart of comparison isomorphisms, further important applications, e.g., to transcendence theory have only been discovered recently. The Anderson–Thakur special function interpolates L-values via Pellarin-type identities, and its values at algebraic elements recover Gauss–Thakur sums, as shown by Anglès and Pellarin.
For Drinfeld–Hayes modules, generalizations of Anderson generating functions have been introduced by Green–Papanikolas and – under the name of “special functions” – by Anglès, Ngo Dac and Tavares Ribeiro.
In this article, we provide a general construction of special functions attached to any Anderson A-module. We show direct links of the space of special functions to the period lattice, and to the Betti cohomology of the A-motive.
We also undertake the study of Gauss–Thakur sums for Anderson A-modules, and show that the result of Anglès–Pellarin relating values of the special functions to Gauss–Thakur sums holds in this generality.
3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase: an enzyme at the crossroads of sulfane sulfur trafficking
Authors: Pedre Brandán , Dick Tobias P.
Published: October 2020

3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST) catalyzes the desulfuration of 3-mercaptopyruvate to generate an enzyme-bound hydropersulfide. Subsequently, MPST transfers the persulfide’s outer sulfur atom to proteins or small molecule acceptors. MPST activity is known to be involved in hydrogen sulfide generation, tRNA thiolation, protein urmylation and cyanide detoxification. Tissue-specific changes in MPST expression correlate with ageing and the development of metabolic disease. Deletion and overexpression experiments suggest that MPST contributes to oxidative stress resistance, mitochondrial respiratory function and the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. However, the role and regulation of MPST in the larger physiological context remain to be understood.
Emerging roles for non-selenium containing ER-resident glutathione peroxidases in cell signaling and disease
Authors: Buday Katalin , Conrad Marcus
Published: October 2020

Maintenance of cellular redox control is pivotal for normal cellular functions and cell fate decisions including cell death. Among the key cellular redox systems in mammals, the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family of proteins is the largest conferring multifaceted functions and affecting virtually all cellular processes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident GPXs, designated as GPX7 and GPX8, are the most recently added members of this family of enzymes. Recent studies have provided exciting insights how both enzymes support critical processes of the ER including oxidative protein folding, maintenance of ER redox control by eliminating H2O2, and preventing palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity. Consequently, numerous pathological conditions, such as neurodegeneration, cancer and metabolic diseases have been linked with altered GPX7 and GPX8 expression. Studies in mice have demonstrated that loss of GPX7 leads to increased differentiation of preadipocytes, increased tumorigenesis and shortened lifespan. By contrast, GPX8 deficiency in mice results in enhanced caspase-4/11 activation and increased endotoxic shock in colitis model. With the increasing recognition that both types of enzymes are dysregulated in various tumor entities in man, we deem a review of the emerging roles played by GPX7 and GPX8 in health and disease development timely and appropriate.
Das Unterrichtstrainer-Konzept der Deutschen Schule Medellín – ein Erfolgsmodell der schulinternen Fortbildung von (DaF-/DFU-)Lehrkräften
Authors: Vogelgesang Manuela
Published: October 2020

Das Unterrichtstrainer-Konzept der Deutschen Schule Medellín (DSM) ist ein Modell der schulinternen Fortbildung von (DaF-/DFU-)Lehrkräften, das Unterrichts-, Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung (vgl. Rolff 2012: 12) wirkungsvoll miteinander verbindet. In dem Artikel werden das Konzept sowie der Fortbildungszyklus von Sprenger (2015) erläutert, nach dem die Fortbildungen gestaltet werden. Außerdem werden aktuelle Entwicklungslinien und Herausforderungen hin zu mehr Unterrichtsqualität in der schulinternen (DaF-/DFU-) Lehrerfortbildung aufgezeigt.
Der Beitrag einer vom DAAD finanzierten Studienreise zur Ausbildung von angehenden DaF-Lehrenden
Authors: Marques-Schäfer Gabriela , Sant’Anna Bolacio Filho Ebal
Published: October 2020

In der vorliegenden Studie geht es um eine qualitative Untersuchung über den Beitrag einer vom DAAD finanzierten Studienreise nach Deutschland. DaF-Studierende aus zwei brasilianischen Universitäten nahmen an einem akademischen und kulturellen Programm teil, das in Kooperation mit vier unterschiedlichen deutschen Hochschulen entwickelt wurde. Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass eine solche Erfahrung sowohl für den beruflichen, akademischen und persönlichen Werdegang angehender DaF-Lehrender als auch für die Internationalisierung der involvierten Hochschulen von großer Bedeutung ist.
Phonetik und Phonologie in der DaF-Lehrerausbildung: ein Spannungsverhältnis zwischen universitären Lernzielen und dem Einsatz von DaF-Lehrwerken
Authors: Cruz Romão Tito Lívio , Costa Pereira Rogéria , dos Santos Nogueira Francisco G.
Published: October 2020

In Brasilien stellt der Phonetikunterricht in der DaF-Lehrerausbildung eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Da die meisten Studierenden auch DaF-Anfängerinnen bzw. -Anfänger sind, müssen sie simultan in die lautsprachliche Wahrnehmung und Produktion des Deutschen eingeführt und mit der phonetischen Transkription vertraut gemacht werden. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, im Hinblick auf das zu bewältigende Phonetikpensum den Einsatz von Lehrwerken für die universitäre DaF-Lehrerausbildung kritisch zu analysieren.
Herausforderungen der Professionsbildung angehender DaF-Lehrerinnen und -Lehrer in Rio de Janeiro: Bestandsaufnahme auf der Grundlage subjektiver Theorien und Aussichten für die Forschung
Authors: Gondar Anelise F. P. , Ferreira Mergenfel V.
Published: October 2020

Das Thema der Ausbildung von Lehrenden wurde im DaF-Forschungsfeld, so Legutke und Schart (2016: 9), lange vernachlässigt. Es ist jedoch festzustellen, dass sich dies in letzter Zeit geändert hat. Angesichts des wachsenden Interesses seitens der Forschung und Praxis (ebd.) im Bereich der fremdsprachendidaktischen Professionsbildung widmet sich dieser Beitrag sowohl den Möglichkeiten als auch den Engpässen der subjektiven Professionsbildung von Studentinnen und Studenten im Studiengang „Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft Portugiesisch-Deutsch“ in Rio de Janeiro.
On existence and uniqueness results for iterative mixed integrodifferential equation of fractional order
Authors: Unhale S. I. , Kendre Subhash D.
Published: October 2020

The objective of this work is to study the local existence, uniqueness, stability and other properties of solutions of iterative mixed integrodifferential equations of fractional order. The Successive Approximation Method is applied for the numerical solution of iterative mixed integrodifferential equations of fractional order.
History of English as punctuated equilibria? A meta-analysis of the rate of linguistic change in Middle English
Authors: Nevalainen Terttu , Säily Tanja , Vartiainen Turo , Liimatta Aatu , Lijffijt Jefrey
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we explore the rate of language change in the history of English. Our main focus is on detecting periods of accelerated change in Middle English (1150–1500), but we also compare the Middle English data with the Early Modern period (1500–1700) in order to establish a longer diachrony for the pace at which English has changed over time. Our study is based on a meta-analysis of existing corpus research, which is made available through a new linguistic resource, the Language Change Database (LCD). By aggregating the rates of 44 individual changes, we provide a critical assessment of how well the theory of punctuated equilibria (Dixon, Robert M. W. 1997.The rise and fall of languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) fits with our results. More specifically, by comparing the rate of language change with major language-external events, such as the Norman Conquest and the Black Death, we provide the first corpus-based meta-analysis of whether these events, which had significant societal consequences, also had an impact on the rate of language change. Our results indicate that major changes in the rate of linguistic change in the late medieval period could indeed be connected to the social and cultural after-effects of the Norman Conquest. We also make a methodological contribution to the field of English historical linguistics: by re-using data from existing research, linguists can start to ask new, fundamental questions about the ways in which language change progresses.
All-optical integrated 2-to-4 decoder and 1-to-4 demultiplexer circuit with enable using SOA based MZI
Authors: Nair Nivedita , Kaur Sanmukh , Singh Hardeep
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we propose an all-optical integrated 2-to-4 decoder and a 1-to-4 demultiplexer circuit using SOA based MZI (Mach–Zehnder Interferometer) architecture. The proposed device has been applied an enable signal along with two data input signals at the same wavelength. Four output signals from 2-to-4 decoder and 1-to-4 demultiplexer have been attained at the same wavelength. The output timing diagrams of 2-to-4 decoder and 1-to-4 demultiplexer for different input data conditions with clear eye opening patterns confirms the operation of the proposed logic device at 10 Gb/s. Maximum value of extinction ratio, contrast ratio and minimum value of amplitude modulation achieved for the different output waveforms are 12, 9.5 and 0.1 dB respectively. Easy integration with active and passive devices and simple architecture makes this device suitable for all-optical processing.
Assessing pragmatic competence in oral proficiency interviews at the C1 level with the new CEFR descriptors
Authors: Eizaga-Rebollar Bárbara , Heras-Ramírez Cristina
Published: October 2020

The study of pragmatic competence has gained increasing importance within second language assessment over the last three decades. However, its study in L2 language testing is still scarce. The aim of this paper is to research the extent to which pragmatic competence as defined by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) has been accommodated in the task descriptions and rating scales of two of the most popular Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPIs) at a C1 level: Cambridge’s Certificate in Advanced English (CAE) and Trinity’s Integrated Skills in English (ISE) III. To carry out this research, OPI tests are first defined, highlighting their differences from L2 pragmatic tests. After pragmatic competence in the CEFR is examined, focusing on the updates in the new descriptors, CAE and ISE III formats, structure and task characteristics are compared, showing that, while the formats and some characteristics are found to differ, the structures and task types are comparable. Finally, we systematically analyse CEFR pragmatic competence in the task skills and rating scale descriptors of both OPIs. The findings show that the task descriptions incorporate mostly aspects of discourse and design competence. Additionally, we find that each OPI is seen to prioritise different aspects of pragmatic competence within their rating scale, with CAE focusing mostly on discourse competence and fluency, and ISE III on functional competence. Our study shows that the tests fail to fully accommodate all aspects of pragmatic competence in the task skills and rating scales, although the aspects they do incorporate follow the CEFR descriptors on pragmatic competence. It also reveals a mismatch between the task competences being tested and the rating scale. To conclude, some research lines are proposed.
Biofluorescence in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
Authors: Anich Paula Spaeth , Anthony Sharon , Carlson Michaela , Gunnelson Adam , Kohler Allison M. , Martin Jonathan G. , Olson Erik R.
Published: October 2020

The occurrence of biofluorescence across Mammalia is an area of active study. We examined three specimens of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) from Tasmania and New South Wales, Australia, housed in the Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, Illinois, USA) and the University of Nebraska State Museum (Lincoln, Nebraska, USA) under visible light and ultraviolet (UV) light. The pelage of the animals appeared uniformly brown under visible light and green or cyan under UV light, due to fluoresced wavelengths that peaked around 500 nm. Our observations are the first report of biofluorescence in a monotreme mammal.
Macroscopic QED for quantum nanophotonics: emitter-centered modes as a minimal basis for multiemitter problems
Authors: Feist Johannes , Fernández-Domínguez Antonio I. , García-Vidal Francisco J.
Published: October 2020

We present an overview of the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics from a quantum nanophotonics perspective. Particularly, we focus our attention on three aspects of the theory that are crucial for the description of quantum optical phenomena in nanophotonic structures. First, we review the light–matter interaction Hamiltonian itself, with special emphasis on its gauge independence and the minimal and multipolar coupling schemes. Second, we discuss the treatment of the external pumping of quantum optical systems by classical electromagnetic fields. Third, we introduce an exact, complete, and minimal basis for the field quantization in multiemitter configurations, which is based on the so-called emitter-centered modes. Finally, we illustrate this quantization approach in a particular hybrid metallodielectric geometry: two quantum emitters placed in the vicinity of a dimer of Ag nanospheres embedded in a SiN microdisk.
Exact solutions of bending deflection for single-walled BNNTs based on the classical Euler–Bernoulli beam theory
Authors: Yawei Dong , Yang Zhang , Jianwei Yan
Published: October 2020

At the nanolevel, a classical continuum approach seems to be inapplicable to evaluate the mechanical behaviors of materials. With the introduction of scale parameter, the scale effect can be reasonably described by the modified continuum theory. For boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), the scale effect can be reflected by the curvature and the dangling bonds at both ends, mainly the former for a slender tube. This study aims to achieve a good capability of classical Euler–Bernoulli theory to directly predict the bending behaviors of single-walled BNNTs without introducing scale parameters. Elastic properties of BNNTs involving the scale effect have been first conducted by using an atomistic-continuum multiscale approach, which is directly constructed based on the atomic force field. The well-determined hexagonal boron nitride sheet is inherited in the present study of single-walled BNNTs which can be viewed as rolling up a boron nitride sheet into a seamless hollow cylinder. Euler–Bernoulli theory solution of bending deflection on the basis of the present thickness is found to be much closer to the atomistic-continuum simulation results than the commonly used interlayer space. Case studies with different tubular lengths, radii and constraints are investigated, and from which the yielded scattered scale parameters in modified continuum theories are discussed.
Remarks on the Role of the Perfect Participle in Italian Morphology and on its History
Authors: Calabrese Andrea
Published: October 2020

Since (Aronoff, Mark. 1994.Morphology by itself. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press), the disparate morphosyntactic roles that past participle forms have in Latin (and Italian) morphology have played a central role in arguing for morphomic approaches. In this article, I will propose an alternative analysis of the special behavior of these participle forms in Distributed Morphology (DM, Halle Morris, & Alec Marantz. 1993. Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection. In Kenneth Hale & Samuel Jay Keyser (eds.),The view from building 20: Essays in linguistics in honor of Sylvain Bromberger, 111–176. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.). In particular, I will propose that morphological spell-out, as a first stage of the PF derivation, includes morphological repairs triggered by abstract “morphomic” constraints. These repairs can insert “ornamental” pieces – structures that are not motivated syntactically or semantically but only morphologically – to mediate the interface between abstract syntactico-semantic structures and surface PF construction. I will demonstrate the role that these repairs play in accounting for the surface convergence between perfect and passive participle forms, and adjectival stative ones, and for the appearance of past participles in nominalizations. The article ends with an analysis of Latin past participle morphology focusing on its historical development. The first part of this analysis deals with the development of Latin verbal structure from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and in particular with the development of “ornamental” thematic vowels. It then turns to a brief investigation of the historical development of the Latin past participle exponent /-t-/ from PIE adjectival suffix*-tó-,and of the PIE agentive and action/result nominal suffixes*-tér/tor, *-ti-, *-tu, *-men-(to)-.This will lead to a discussion of Latin nominalizations, the supine and the future participle and a possible explanation of why they contain participial morphology.
Understanding (coupled) large amplitude motions: the interplay of microwave spectroscopy, spectral modeling, and quantum chemistry
Authors: Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam , Kleiner Isabelle
Published: October 2020

A large variety of molecules contain large amplitude motions (LAMs), inter alia internal rotation and inversion tunneling, resulting in tunneling splittings in their rotational spectrum. We will present the modern strategy to study LAMs using a combination of molecular jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy, spectral modeling, and quantum chemical calculations to characterize such systems by the analysis of their rotational spectra. This interplay is particularly successful in decoding complex spectra revealing LAMs and providing reference data for fundamental physics, astrochemistry, atmospheric/environmental chemistry and analytics, or fundamental researches in physical chemistry. Addressing experimental key aspects, a brief presentation on the two most popular types of state-of-the-art Fourier transform microwave spectrometer technology, i.e., pulsed supersonic jet expansion–based spectrometers employing narrow-band pulse or broad-band chirp excitation, will be given first. Secondly, the use of quantum chemistry as a supporting tool for rotational spectroscopy will be discussed with emphasis on conformational analysis. Several computer codes for fitting rotational spectra exhibiting fine structure arising from LAMs are discussed with their advantages and drawbacks. Furthermore, a number of examples will provide an overview on the wealth of information that can be drawn from the rotational spectra, leading to new insights into the molecular structure and dynamics. The focus will be on the interpretation of potential barriers and how LAMs can act as sensors within molecules to help us understand the molecular behavior in the laboratory and nature.
Generation of tailored subsurface zones in steels containing metastable austenite by adaptive machining and validation by eddy current testing
Authors: Fricke Lara Vivian , Nguyen Hai Nam , Breidenstein Bernd , Denkena Berend , Dittrich Marc-André , Maier Hans Jürgen , Zaremba David
Published: October 2020

In order to withstand high mechanical and tribological loads, it is important that the components not only have a high core ductility but also a hard surface. Typically, a suitable microstructure is created by heat treatment processes before the workpiece is machined. However, these processes are time and energy consuming and can lead to component distortion. It would therefore be of great advantage if no additional heat treatment process would be required to produce a hardened subsurface zone. Since turning is often already integrated as a machining process in production lines, it would be advantageous to create a hardened subsurface within this process. As there is no possibility to measure the hardness directly during the turning process, a soft sensor was developed to determine the properties of the subsurface directly during the machining process. Steels with metastable austenite are of particular interest in this context, as metastable austenite can be converted into martensite by deformation. The amount of martensite produced in the subsurface can be adjusted provided that suitable turning parameters can be found. For this purpose, a process parallel material removal simulation was used to determine the actual conditions governing the process. It was found that there is a correlation between the martensite content and the amplitude of the 3rd harmonic of eddy current testing. Therefore, an eddy current sensor accompanying the process can be used as a basis for controlling the turning process for tailored martensite volume content adjustment.
Investigation of zirconium nanowire by elastic, thermal and ultrasonic analysis
Authors: Jyoti Bhawan , Singh Shakti Pratap , Gupta Mohit , Tripathi Sudhanshu , Singh Devraj , Yadav Raja Ram
Published: October 2020

The elastic, thermal and ultrasonic properties of zirconium nanowire (Zr-NW) have been investigated at room temperature. The second and third order elastic constants (SOECs and TOECs) of Zr-NW have been figured out using the Lennard–Jones Potential model. SOECs have been used to find out the Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, Pugh’s ratio, Zener anisotropic factor and ultrasonic velocities. Further these associated parameters of Zr-NW have been utilized for the evaluation of the Grüneisen parameters, thermal conductivity, thermal relaxation time, acoustic coupling constants and ultrasonic attenuation. On the basis of the above analyzed properties of Zr-NW, some characteristics features of the chosen nanowire connected with ultrasonic and thermo-physical parameters have been discussed.
Blast waves propagation in magnetogasdynamics: power series method
Authors: Devi Munesh , Arora Rajan , Singh Deepika
Published: October 2020

Blast waves are produced when there is a sudden deposition of a substantial amount of energy into a confined region. It is an area of pressure moving supersonically outward from the source of the explosion. Immediately after the blast, the fore-end of the blast wave is headed by the shock waves, propagating in the outward direction. As the considered problem is highly nonlinear, to find out its solution is a tough task. However, few techniques are available in literature that may give us an approximate analytic solution. Here, the blast wave problem in magnetogasdynamics involving cylindrical shock waves of moderate strength is considered, and approximate analytic solutions with the help of the power series method (or Sakurai’s approach [1]) are found. The magnetic field is supposed to be directed orthogonally to the motion of the gas particles in an ideal medium with infinite electrical conductivity. The density is assumed to be uniform in the undisturbed medium. Using power series method, we obtain approximate analytic solutions in the form of a power series in

(

a
0

/
U

)

2

${\left({a}_{0}/U\right)}^{2}$

, where a
0 and U are the velocities of sound in an undisturbed medium and shock front, respectively. We construct solutions for the first-order approximation in closed form. Numerical computations have been performed to determine the flow-field in an ideal magnetogasdynamics. The numerical results obtained in the absence of magnetic field recover the existing results in the literature. Also, these results are found to be in good agreement with those obtained by the Runge–Kutta method of fourth-order. Further, the flow variables are illustrated through figures behind the shock front under the effect of the magnetic field. The interesting fact about the present work is that the solutions to the problem are obtained in the closed form.
Female Identification in a Case of Paranoid Psychosis: Rethinking a Practice in the Light of Lacanian Theory
Authors: Galiani Riccardo , Napolitano Stefania
Published: October 2020

The authors present a clinical case of paranoid psychosis in which the issue of female identification plays a prevalent role. After a brief introduction on the clinical approach to psychosis in Lacan's teaching, the clinical case is exposed and commented on, highlighting in particular (1) the analyst's position; (2) the role of pousse à la femme (“push-towards-woman”) in psychosis; and (3) the therapeutic effects of psychoanalytic treatment for the psychotic patient.
Charismatische Vorstandsvorsitzende und der Einfluss auf Unternehmenserfolg
Authors: Brunzel Johannes
Published: October 2020

Charisma wurde von der Antike bis in die Moderne als essentielle Eigenschaft von Führungskräften angesehen. Jedoch entzog sich Charisma durch dessen „mystischen“ Charakter lange einer systematischen Analyse in der Führungsforschung. Welche Auswirkungen charismatische Vorstandsvorsitzende empirisch auf Unternehmensergebnisse haben, wird im Folgenden gezeigt.