bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fully-integrated hydrological modelling in steep, snow-dominated, geologically complex Alpine terrain
Authors: Thornton James
Published: July 2022

The rugged topographic forms and complex geologies that are characteristic of Alpine terrain typically exert a strong inﬂuence on catchment-scale hydrological processes. Glaciers, the seasonal snowpack, permafrost, and forests are other integral parts of Alpine environmental systems, and all are currently responding in one way or another to ongoing climatic change. Since a web of process interactions and feedback mechanisms link all system components together, any fairly direct hydrological changes arising from changing snow and ice could be modulated by the response of the broader integrated systems. Yet despite this complex reality, legacy conceptual or “box-type” hydrological models – which employ highly simpliﬁed representations of groundwater and other physical processes, and which moreover usually neglect contemporaneous changes in other system components – continue to underpin most predictions of future water availability in the European Alps. The reliability of some of the resultant predictions may there-fore be questionable. More sophisticated physically-based codes are available, but also employ simple subsurface representations. At the same time, numerous detailed ﬁeld investigations have been carried out in alpine catchments, but are rarely extended to numerical modelling exercises. In this context, the present thesis sought to evaluate the utility of one of the most advanced fully-integrated surface-subsurface ﬂow codes for simulating hydrological dynamics in steep, snow-dominated, and geologically complex Alpine headwaters – under both present and plausible future climate, forest, and permafrost conditions. Surface ﬂows are particularly relevant in such terrain in terms of ecology, ﬂood hazard, and sediment transport, whilst groundwater ﬂow patterns can be strongly inﬂuenced by inherently complex three-dimensional (3D) subsurface structures. Furthermore, bi-directional exchanges between these domains can occur frequently, inducing streamﬂow ephemerality under certain circumstances. In having the capability to simulate all these processes in a coherent, physically-based, and transient fashion, integrated codes theoretically hold great potential for Alpine applications. However, their use in mountainous contexts to date has been predominantly limited to low permeability crystalline catchments of the North American Cordillera. The development of a model chain incorporating snowpack evolution and integrated surface ﬂow, variably-saturated subsurface ﬂow, and evapotranspiration dynamics was therefore embarked upon. The spatial domain (total area ∼37 km2) was comprised of two adjacent protected headwaters – the Vallon de Nant and Vallon de La Vare – which are located within the renowned Nappe de Morcles (western Swiss Alps). At the outset, very little of the extensive data required to inform such a “data hungry” model was available. To partially remedy this situation, ...
Цифровая валюта центральных банков : принципы, потенциал и проблемы
Authors: Semeko Galina
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматривается новая цифровая форма денег, предназначенная для использования в качестве законного платежного средства. Обсуждаются предпосылки цифровизации денег и основные положения концепции цифровой валюты центрального банка. Характеризуются особенности и потенциал этой валюты с точки зрения эффективности платежных операций, обеспечения ликвидности и финансовой стабильности. Отмечается, что в настоящее время большинство стран мира изучают возможности выпуска цифровой валюты центрального банка, разрабатывают ее концепцию или уже приступили к реализации пилотных проектов.
Цифровая трансформация государственного заказа в строительстве
Authors: Belokrylova Olga
Published: July 2022

Экспансия цифровых технологий в строительную отрасль приобретает новые масштабы в связи с введением в 2022 г. обязанности заказчиков использовать информационные модели объектов при размещении государственного заказа. Это продуцирует очередную трансформацию в структуре и функционировании контрактной системы. Изучение изменений в отечественной системе контрактации и соответствующем блоке государственного управления под влиянием цифровизации отдельных отраслевых компонентов весьма продуктивно с точки зрения институциональной теории.
Цифровизации энергетики как стимул трансформации компетенций инженера
Authors: Klenina Liudmila
Published: July 2022

В статье обсуждаются вопросы цифровой трансформации энергетической отрасли в России. Отдельно выделены проблемы интеллектуализации энергетики и повышения цифровой грамотности инженеров-энергетиков в свете Четвертой промышленной революции. Предложена модификация образовательной модели STEAM для обучения инженеров для цифровой энергетики.
Prevalence of Waterborne Diseases in Sudoorpashchim Province
Authors: Pant Narendra Raj , Bhatt Kabita , Joshi Hem Raj
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and lack of personal hygiene are the major causes of waterborne diseases. Water-induced health problem includes typhoid, acute gastroenteritis, diarrhea, dysentery, and hepatitis. In the Sudoorpashchim province, people suffer from these water-related diseases, and the frequency of the problem is intense in the summer. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of waterborne diseases in Sudoorpashchim province, far western region of Nepal. 
Methods: The data was collected from the provincial health directorate at Dipayal and analysed using the Origin 2010 software
Results: The findings reveal that the prevalence of waterborne diseases gradually decreased as compared to last four to five years and attended 5.6% in FY 2019/2020, signifying an improvement in the personal hygiene of the people. 
Conclusions: The prevalence of waterborne diseases sharply decreased in the FY 2019/2020, indicate the rectification in the personal hygiene of people.
Pattern of Thyroid Illness in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Arabinda Mohan , Pandeya Dipendra , Parajuli Sulochana , Pradhananga Salina
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction is an important endocrine disorder worldwide among which hypothyroidism, is attributed to environmental deficiency of iodine. Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common preventable causes of intellectual disability worldwide. Hypothyroidism is easily treated and timely detection and treatment of the disorder could reduce the adverse fetal and maternal outcome. The aim of our study is to find the prevalence of thyroid illness in a tertiary health care center of Nepal.
Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu over a period of five months from March 2021 to July 2021. We selected 1000 patients with symptoms suggestive of thyroid disorders. Detailed history was obtained and free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) estimation was done in Siemens CP Chemiluminescence Immunoassay analyzer. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and managed in SPSS version 20. 
Results: Most of our patients with hypothyroidism presented with puffiness of the face, hoarseness of voice, whereas weight loss and restlessness were predominant features in hyperthyroid patients. In our study, the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were 16.0% and 9.5% respectively.
Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is common in the female population. We found that hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were more prevalent in the reproductive age group.
Bacteriological Profile of Chronic Dacryocystitis in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Kamala , Gurung Anu , Dhakal Sachit
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Chronic dacryocystitis is a common cause of epiphora resulting from nasolacrimal duct obstruction. We planned to study bacteriological profile of chronic dacrocystitis in a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods: This is a prospective study conducted patients with CDC who underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy in Shree Birendra Hospital from September 2018 to September 2019. A structured proforma was used to record all necessary information of all patients.
Results: A total of 90 eyes were included, 56 females and 34 males. The commonest organism isolated from conjunctiva was Staphylococcus Epidermidis whereas Staphylococcus Aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermidis were the commonest isolates from the lacrimal sac. All organism isolated from conjunctiva showed highest percentage of sensitivity to ceftriaxone and least sensitivity to ampicillin whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermidis from lacrimal sac specimen showed highest sensitivity to ceftriaxone and least sensitivity was seen with gentamycin. External dacryocystorhinostomy with silicon tube resulted into a success rate of 90%.
Conclusions: The knowledge of common organism causing chronic dacryocystitis helps in selecting antimicrobial prophylaxis in lacrimal drainage surgery. Furthermore it also helps in determining the role of commensal flora in pathogenesis of CDC. Ceftriaxone is the most sensitive drug for the microbials of chronic dacryocystitis. External dacryocystorhinostomy is cheaper, technically easier surgical procedure with good success rate.
Comparison Between Harmonic scalpel and Cold dissection in Tonsillectomy at Shree Birendra Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Karki Reeba , Mahaseth Rajeev Kumar , Dutta Vijay Bhushan , Bhattarai Sriya
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is the most common surgery performed by otorhinolaryngologist worldwide. It is a surgical procedure of removing tonsil with commonest indications for recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. The two most important complications of this surgery are bleeding (intraoperative, postoperative) and postoperative pain. Various surgical techniques have been developed to minimize this complication. Harmonic scalpel is an ultrasonically activated surgical device which can coagulate and cut vessels and tissues at a very low temperature. This study was conducted to compare the operative time, intraoperative blood loss and early post-operative pain between Harmonic scalpel and cold dissection tonsillectomy.
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in ENT and Head and Neck Surgery department of Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu from July 2018 to July 2019. Each patient was assessed by ENT Head and Neck Surgeon. Clinically diagnosed recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy were included in the study. Those with age < 14 years, acute infection, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, adenoid hypertrophy, nasal pathology, cleft, history of bleeding disorders, inability to give informed consent, individual who would have difficulty communicating their pain levels, any chronic illness was excluded.
Results: Out of 50 patients, 33(66%) were males and 17(34%) were females. The operative blood loss in harmonic scalpel was lesser (21.89 ± 8.89 ml) than in cold dissection group (49.74 ± 19.69 ml) which was statistically significant (p value = 0.000). The operating time in harmonic scalpel group was longer (8.48 ± 4.58 minutes) than in cold dissection group (8.14 ± 2.01 minutes). Pain on the early postoperative period (3 hours post-surgery, 1st and 2nd postoperative day) was lesser in harmonic scalpel group 68% (34/50) than in cold dissection group 32% (16/50).
Conclusion: Harmonic scalpel is easy to use instrument which reduces intra-operative blood loss and post-operative pain as compared with cold dissection method.
Spectrum of HRCT Chest Findings in RT-PCR Positive Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients at a COVID Designated Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Basnet Bina , Pant Sujit , Shahi Rajive Raj , Rai Kalpana , Tulachan Niraj , Thapa Bikash Bikram
Published: July 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic is grappling the world with the surge of infection time and again. Clinicians are trying to justify the ethics of public health care. Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases are going undocumented and most of them practice self-isolation. Studies have revealed significant radiological changes among RT-PCR positive asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to characterized chest CT findings of asymptomatic RT-PCR-positive patients in one of the COVID-designated hospitals in Nepal. 
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study where RT-PCR positive COVID-19 asymptomatic-close-contacts were subjected to HRCT chest. The HRCT images were evaluated by two radiologists for (a) characterizing the parenchymal involvement and (b) distribution of the involvement. The CT severity score (0-25) was calculated following the semi- quantitative scoring system which depends on the visual assessment of five lung lobes. 
Results: Out of 43, 26 (60.5%) participants had positive Chest CT scan findings consistent with COVID pneumonia. Bilateral lesions were present in 65% and 77% had multifocal lesions. The ground-glass opacities (92%), mixed (ground-glass opacities and consolidation pattern) (30.7%), and consolidation only (34.6%) were common chest CT findings. The median CT score was 3.5 (IQR; 2-6).  
Conclusion: Most of the RT-PCR positive COVID-19 asymptomatic patients had CT scan changes in lungs but with lower median CT score value.
Residual Lung Parenchymal CT Changes in COVID-19 Patients and its Association with Common Predictors
Authors: Shahi Rajive Raj , Karki Bibek , Budhathoki Lee , Rana Shavana RL , Panta Sujata Panta , Thapa Bikalp , Shrestha Ranju Shrestha , Karki Parag
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Chest computed tomography (CT) is used for the screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim of the study is to study the prevalence of residual lung parenchymal CT changes in COVID-19 patients and its association with common predictors.
Methods: Longitudinal study conducted at Shree Birendra Hospital in which diagnosed COVID-19 patients with initial CT scan showing COVID-19 related changes were retrospectively enrolled after ethics approval. The study period was from 15 February 2020 to 15 November 2021. Chest CT changes were evaluated and CT scan severity score (CT SS) assigned. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed in SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 16. 
Results: Males were more common (72.6%) among the 62 enrolled participants with the mean age 53.63 ± 15.05 years. Median interval between two scans was 137 days. Residual lung parenchymal CT changes were seen in 43 (69.4%) participants. Hypertension (25, 40.3%) and GGO (55, 88.7%) were the most common comorbidity and CT features respectively. The mean initial and final CT SS was 10.84 ± 5.87 and 3.55 ± 4.58 respectively (Total score 25, p = 0.001). Age was significantly associated with severity of CT score (p = 0.04).
Conclusions: A large percentage of COVID-19 patients have chest CT changes after three months of initial chest CT scan. CT SS reduced significantly in the second scan. Similar studies with long term serial CT follow up of patients is recommended to be carried out in future.
Homo digitalis i snaga razgovora u kontekstu misli Byung–Chula Hana
Authors: Šokčević Šimo
Published: July 2022

Članak ima za cilj prikazati položaj čovjeka u digitalnom dobu, kojega između ostaloga karakterizira oblikovanje “digitalnih rojeva”, tiranija transparentnosti i prezasićenost informacijama, što dovodi do krize istine, mišljenja i ljubavi. Analizom djela njemačko–korejskoga filozofa Byung–Chula Hana i komparacijom s drugim autorima dolazimo do zaključka da jedan od putova u nadilaženju negativnih utjecaja digitalne tehnologije možemo pronaći u naizgled banalnoj, ali važnoj i danas zanemarenoj, kulturi razgovora.
Konsocijacijska demokracija i demokršćanstvo
Authors: Žižić Jakov
Published: July 2022

U radu se objašnjavaju poveznice konsocijacijske demokracije i demokršćanstva koje postoje na teorijskoj i praktičnoj razini. U prvom poglavlju rada prikazana su načela i praksa konsocijacijske demokracije. Drugo poglavlje donosi pregled dosadašnjih spoznaja o poveznicama konsocijacijske demokracije i demokršćanskih stranaka s naglaskom na korporativizmu. U trećem poglavlju podrobno je objašnjena demokršćanska koncepcija demokracije i njezina povezanost s modelom konsocijacijske demokracije. U zaključnom dijelu rada utvrđene su i obrazložene teorijske i praktične spone konsocijacijske demokracije i demokršćanstva.
Pomaganje pravoslavnoj djeci u NDH i nadbiskup Alojzije Stepinac u Dnevniku Diane Budisavljević
Authors: Krišto Jure
Published: July 2022

Tijekom rata u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj bilo je mnogo progonjenih i potrebitih, kojima je pomoć i zaštita pojedinaca i humanitarnih organizacija predstavljala mogućnost preživljavanja. Caritas Zagrebačke nadbiskupije bio je središnja točka te organizirane pomoći, a postojala je i neformalna skupina uglednijih osoba pravoslavne vjere, među kojima su bili supruga kirurga Julija Budisavljevića Diana i njihov krug prijatelja, napose inženjer Marko Vidaković. U radu se analizira doprinos nadbiskupa Stepinca, kako je predstavljen u Dnevniku Diane Budisavljević, ali i pouzdanost tih dnevničkih zapisa.
The First Sinhala Tripiṭakaya Translation: De Zoysa’s ‘Protestant’ Buddhist Project for Mass Literacy in Twentieth Century Sri Lanka
Authors: Deegalle M.
Published: July 2022

Though the Tripiṭaka was and still remains central to Theravāda Buddhism, Sri Lankan Buddhists had not taken serious steps until the middle of the twentieth century to systematically translate the Tripiṭaka into Sinhala. Among various initiatives, A.P. de Zoysa’s Sinhala Tripiṭakaya project (1950–1968) which consisted of 48 volumes, achieved a remarkable feat of success and still stands out. As an unsurpassed, noble ‘Protestant’ initiative of a single lay Buddhist, de Zoysa completed the translation of the entire Pāḷi canon into Sinhala within a decade (1950–1958). Had not de Zoysa taken up that pioneering, challenging and formidable task, Buddhists on the island would have been compelled to wait another three decades to see the completion of the Buddha Jayanthi Tripiṭaka Granthamālā (1954–1989). The Sinhala Tripiṭakaya reached many temples and homes as never before and became a beneficial resource for monastic students in their learning. The vernacular translation made the Tripiṭaka central again in the lives of Theravāda Buddhists by filling a gap that was left open wide for nearly a century since the Buddhists first acquired the printing press in the early years of the 1860s. Though some were critical of de Zoysa’s initiative, he accomplished a formidable task by producing an elegant Sinhala Tripiṭakaya to attract a wider readership. With a focus on the Tripiṭaka translation, this article examines facets of academic life and intellectual work of A.P. de Zoysa (1890–1968), who single-handedly embarked on translating the Tripiṭaka into Sinhala and both the religious and historical significance of that project in enhancing Buddhist understanding of the Buddha’s teachings by reaching out to a broader local, vernacular audience.
What “Counts” as first sex between women? Results from a study of first sex among women who have sex with women
Authors: Dion Laurence , Boislard Marie-Aude
Published: July 2022

First sex is most often defined by first penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) among cisgender heterosexual individuals or first anal intercourse among cisgender men who have sex with men. The importance given to penetration and PVI as the markers of first sex has contributed to the invisibility of women who have sex with women’s (WSW) sexualities. Eighty-four WSW aged 16 to 25 years ( M = 21.96 years, SD = 2.44; 79% cisgender) completed an online survey wherein they categorized a series of partnered behaviours as either (1) non-sexual, non-markers of first sex; (2) sexual, but non-markers of first sex; or (3) sexual and markers of first sex. Results from a non-linear principal component analysis show that there is no equivalent to PVI for first sex among WSW: direct anal or genital stimulations (either given or received; internal [e.g., vaginal, anal] or external [e.g., clitoral, vulvar]; from digital or oral stimulation, or from using toys) are categorized as markers of first sex. Behaviours such as heavy petting, caresses, and indirect genital stimulations are categorized as sexual, but non-markers of first sex. Behaviours that do not involve genital contacts, such as strip-tease or massages, are categorized as non-sexual. Triangulation with qualitative findings from the same study shows high convergence between quantitative and qualitative data in that direct genital stimulations are markers of first sex for WSW. Together, these results highlight that direct anal stimulation and the use of sex toys would be considered markers of first sex when part of WSW’s early sexual encounters.
Variables Influencing Intravenous Catheterization Success by Final-Year Veterinary Students in the Emergency Room
Authors: Lemieux Elyzabeth , Babyak Jonathan , Weaver Babyak Shannon , Rozanski Elizabeth , Frank Nicholas
Published: July 2022

Successful placement of intravenous catheters (IVC) is a basic and essential clinical skill for veterinary students. The purposes of this study were to determine the overall success rate for IVC placement in cats and dogs when final-year veterinary students are performing the procedure in a clinical setting, to determine if self-assessed experience level affects IVC placement success rates, and to identify factors affecting student success with this procedure. Final-year students were asked to complete an anonymous survey following each catheter placement attempt during their 3-week core emergency medicine rotation. The survey included self-assessed level of experience, patient species, indication for IVC placement, restrainer, catheter type, insertion site, use of sedation, and perceived degree of coaching. Success or failure in catheter placement was recorded and two attempts were allowed. A Chi-square test was used to evaluate differences between insertion outcomes in dogs and cats. A univariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between success and all other variables. A total of 256 catheters were attempted by students, with an overall success rate of 61%. The cephalic vein was associated with successful placement compared with the saphenous vein ( p = .005). There was no relationship between successful catheter placement and self-assessed experience, species, indication for IVC placement, insertion site, use of sedation, catheter type, or restrainer. Final-year veterinary students do not master intravenous catheterization in the emergency room setting, and additional studies are required to improve clinical instruction in this area.
Ansiedade em tempos de COVID-19: Um estudo comparativo entre as cidades Lubango e Tômbwa
Authors: Munginga Camenhe Pereira da Silva Velózia
Published: July 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a opinião dos participantes sobre o impacto da nova pandemia (COVID-19) que assola o mundo em geral, na sua vida e na vida das outras pessoas, bem como os comportamentos dos indivíduos durante o período de 2 (dois) meses de confinamento (quarentena) que Angola viveu. Ainda, perceber o seu estado psicológico utilizando o Inventário de Estado-Traço, de Ansiedade, (STAI-Y) de Spielberger (1983). Participaram do estudo 100 indivíduos da cidade do Lubango, dos quais 39 são do sexo masculino e 61 do sexo feminino e 101 da cidade do Tômbwa, sendo 40 do sexo masculino e 61 do sexo feminino. Os resultados mostram que tanto os participantes da cidade do Lubango como os do Tômbwa consideram muito perigosa a COVID-19 para a sua saúde e para a saúde dos outros. Quanto ao motivo pelo qual saíram de casa, os inquiridos da cidade do Lubango indicaram para compras e outros motivos e os da cidade do Tômbwa, na sua grande maioria, assinalaram para trabalho. Conclui-se que a relação entre a cidade e as variáveis sobre a COVID-19 deu não significativa para quase todas elas, constituindo exceção com as variáveis “quantas vezes saiu de casa” e “como têm sido as relações”. As análises da relação entre as variáveis socio-demográficas (sexo, idade e cidades) e os itens dos totais de ansiedade estado e traço deram não significativas, exceto para a variável idade, mostrando que a ansiedade dos sujeitos da amostra mudou em função da idade. Já sobre a relação entre as variáveis sobre a COVID-19 e os itens dos totais e ansiedade estado e traço deram igualmente em quase todas não significativas, excetuando na variável “relações em casa”.
Bê-á-Bá Digital: promovendo conectividade e inclusão digital
Authors: Diniz de Oliveira Bonetti Giovana , Giuliano Bica Claudia
Published: July 2022

A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe mudanças significativas para a vida da população mundial, especialmente dos idosos, visto que fazem parte dos grupos de risco dessa doença. Uma das medidas mais importantes para conter a propagação do coronavírus é o distanciamento social, no qual o contato deve ser reduzido e mantido, preferencialmente, de forma virtual com familiares e amigos. Diante desse contexto, criamos um livro para facilitar a conectividade dos idosos nesse momento, permitindo assim sua inclusão digital. Na sua construção, buscamos atender a critérios de acessibilidade relativos ao conteúdo e à forma, adequando-o, especialmente, para o entendimento do público idoso. Como resultado, em outubro de 2020, foi publicado gratuitamente o Bê-á-Bá Digital em formato e-book, contando, ainda, com 8.500 exemplares impressos distribuídos aos idosos. A construção do livro possibilitou criar um conteúdo direcionado e adequado aos idosos, para suprir os obstáculos ocasionados pela pandemia e pela exclusão digital.
Preventing Gender-Based Violence in Myanmar
Authors: Buchanan Cate
Published: July 2022

This brief explores how gender-based violence in Myanmar, particularly violence against women and girls, is addressed in the absence of a clear constitutional provision and legal protection. It is part of a four-part series, which also includes Brief No. 1. A Guide to Being an Effective Advocate for Gender Equality, and Brief No. 2. Substantive Equality and Women’s Representation in Public Institutions and Brief No. 4. Inclusion and Gender Equality in Post-Coup Myanmar.
အနှစ်သာရပိုင်းတန်းတူညီမျှမှုနှင့် အများပြည်သူဆိုင်ရာ အဖွဲ့အစည်းများတွင် အမျိုးသမီးများ ကိုယ်စားပြုပါဝင်မှု
Authors: van Mil Martine
Published: July 2022

မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတွင် အမျိုးသမီးများ တန်းတူညီမျှမှု ရှိ‌ရေး ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအ‌ခြေခံ ဥပ‌ဒေဆိုင်ရာ စည်းရုံးလှုံ့‌ဆော်သူများ အ‌နေဖြင့် အများပြည်သူအတွက် ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်ချမှတ်ရာတွင်လည်း‌ကောင်း၊ အများပြည်သူအတွက် တာဝန်ထမ်း‌ဆောင်သည့် အဖွဲ့အစည်းများတွင်လည်း‌ကောင်း အမျိုးသမီးများ ကိုယ်စားပြုပါဝင်မှုနှင့် အဓိပ္ပါယ်ရှိစွာ ပါဝင်‌ဆောင်ရွက်နိုင်မှုကို မည်ကဲ့သို့တိုးမြှင့်နိုင်‌ကြောင်း ဤစာတမ်းတွင် လေ့လာတင်ပြထားပါသည်။ နိုင်ငံအသီးသီးတွင် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအ‌ခြေခံဥပ‌ဒေများဖြင့် ဤအ‌ကြောင်းအရာကို မည်သို့ ရည်ရွယ်ချက်ထားရှိ‌ဆောင်ရွက်ကြ‌ကြောင်း၊ မိမိတို့၏ စည်းရုံးလှုံ့‌ဆော်‌ရေး မဟာဗျူဟာများအတွက် မည်သည်တို့ကို သင်ခန်းစာယူနိုင်‌ကြောင်း လေ့လာတင်ပြထားပါသည်။ စာတမ်း သုံး‌စောင်ပါဝင်သည့် စာစဉ်တွင် ဤစာတမ်းမှာ တစ်‌စောင်အပါဝင်ဖြစ်ပြီး စာစဉ်ပါ အခြား စာတမ်းများမှာ စာတမ်း အမှတ် ၁ ဂျန်ဒါတန်းတူညီမျှမှုအတွက် ထိ‌ရောက်စွာ စည်းရုံးလှုံ့‌ဆော်‌ရေး လမ်းညွှန်(A Guide to Being an Effective Advocate for Gender Equality) နှင့် စာတမ်း အမှတ် ၃ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတွင် ဂျန်ဒါအ‌ခြေပြု အကြမ်းဖက်မှုကို တားဆီးခြင်း( Preventing Gender-Based Violence in Myanmar) တို့ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
Inclusion and Gender Equality in Post-Coup Myanmar: Strategies for Constitutional and Democratic Reform
Authors: Ebead Nathalie , Hirakawa Atsuko
Published: July 2022

This brief explores inclusion strategies for constitutional and democratic reform in the post-coup context of Myanmar. It highlights the challenges to gender equality and inclusion in Myanmar, including the role and demands of the pro-democracy actors in Myanmar’s post-coup political landscape. It analyses how inclusive Myanmar’s legitimate interim government institutions are and what the revised Federal Democracy Charter states about gender and inclusion. It is one of a four-part series that also includes Brief No. 1. A Guide to Being an Effective Advocate for Gender Equality, Brief No. 2. Substantive Equality and Women’s Representation in Public Institutions, and Brief No. 3. Preventing Gender-Based Violence in Myanmar, which were written before the 1 February 2021 coup in Myanmar.
A Guide to Being an Effective Advocate for Gender Equality
Authors: Cats-Baril Amanda
Published: July 2022

Every major political process, whether peace negotiations, elections, parliamentary terms, constitutional reform or other forms of decision-making, can contribute to challenging gender inequality in public life. This brief explores how to be an effective constitutional advocate for gender equality and women’s rights in Myanmar. It is part of a four-part series, which also includes Brief No. 2. Substantive Equality and Women’s Representation in Public Institutions, Brief No. 3. Preventing Gender-Based Violence in Myanmar and Brief No. 4. Inclusion and Gender Equality in Post-Coup Myanmar.
La palabra para ‘hija’ en indoeuropeo: un análisis comparativo
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ngomo Fernández Esteban
Published: July 2022

Nos disponemos a realizar un análisis histórico-comparado del término para ‘hija’ en indoeuropeo. El estudio de las correspondencias fonéticas regulares no ofrece dudas para la reconstrucción de una raíz común que sustenta la formación de este término de parentesco en las distintas lenguas indoeuropeas. Las diversas propuestas etimológicas serán objeto de reflexión.
Una ruta narrativa pedagógica como camino para narrar la paz
Authors: Rendón Cardona Paula Andrea
Published: July 2022

Este capítulo presenta la ruta narrativa pedagógica, que, en el marco de RUTAS, el primer proyecto de CAPAZ, Centro analítico de producciones universitarias en el marco del conflicto, se desarrolló para evidenciar la estructura de las representaciones mediáticas del periodismo universitario acerca del proceso de paz, la memoria de las víctimas y el conflicto armado colombiano en los periodos 2000 y 2021. El ejercicio que aquí se documenta tiene lugar en una segunda fase metodológica del proyecto. Allí los datos provenientes del análisis estadístico textual obtenidos bajo el método Alceste-Reinert (2003) posibilitaron la visualización de mundos lexicales en cartografías, dendrogramas y análisis factoriales de correspondencia.En esta fase se evidencia la intención en los relatos periodísticos a partir de un análisis que ubica relaciones de inferencia entre clústeres, territorios, medios y soportes, planteando además una relación de estos con actantes (Greimas, 1987), posturas y ejes de la comunicación. De allí surgen las reflexiones y síntesis que marcan la narratividad del proyecto.
MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTIVE WAQF IN ACHMAD WARDI EYE HOSPITAL OF BWI-DD IN SERANG BANTEN
Authors: Armen Rio Erismen , Kuswendah Nabillah Fauziah , Lubis Asmuliadi
Published: July 2022

The study aims to portray the model of waqf management by Achmad Wardi Eye Hospital (Rumah Sakit Mata Achmad Wardi or RSMAW) established by Indonesian Waqf Board (Badan Wakaf Indonesia or BWI) and Dompet Dhuafa (DD) in Serang, Banten, (hereinafter referred to RSMAW BWI-DD). Generally, the utilization of waqf assets for public facilities in Indonesia is still insignificant. Thus, the large potential of waqf has not yet delivered a significant economic and social impact. The study uses a qualitative method with library study and interviews as the data collection techniques. The findings show that RSMAW BWI-DD has applied all management procedures such planning, organizing, directing, and supervising activities. Meanwhile, the model of waqf management employed by RSMAW BWI-DD focuses on collecting waqf funds with Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) scheme and investing them to Indonesian sovereign sukuk. This model involves several parties, namely waqf nāẓir institution (Lembaga Nazhir Wakaf), Islamic financial institutions (called as Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Penerima Wakaf Uang or LKS PWU, Indonesian Waqf Board (Badan Wakaf Indonesia) and the Indonesian Ministry of Finance. The study concludes that management processes implemented by RSMAW BWI-DD are well-mannered in generating a positive impact to health sector in Indonesia.
CONSTRAINTS AND STRATEGIES OF ISSUING MUNICIPAL SUKUK IN INDONESIA
Authors: Hamzah Muhammad Maulana , Baga Lukman M , Saptono Imam Teguh
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential of Islamic municipal bonds in Indonesia focused on its constraint and strategy using Analytic Network Process (ANP). Methodology proceeded by literature research to construct a model and in-depth interview with practitioners and regulators both on government and sharia perspective to fully understand and develop an appropriate ANP Network. The experts are divided into two categories as direct relation and non-direct relation experts. The constraints are divided into five nodes, they are political risk, trust between stakeholders, lack of sharia knowledge, law constraint and risk of municipal loan. While the strategies contain of building trust, sharia education, comprehensive law basis, market strategy, and strategy of product innovation. Islamic municipal bonds may be developed by implementing comprehensive law basis as primary strategy to provide the need of law basis as main constraint. Both main constraint and strategy are agreed by all experts except BPK which is more concern in risk of municipal loan.
PENINGKATAN DISIPLIN ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN MELALUI METODE PEMBIASAAN
Authors: Sahidun Nurfitri
Published: July 2022

The aims of this research are to describe the process of implementation by the habituation method activities and to analyze the increasing of children’s disciplines. Respondents of the research involved of 12 children 5-6 years old at TK Lestari, Lola Kecamatan Oba Tengah. The method of this research consists: (a) plan, (b) action and observation, (c) reflection. The score of data from children disciplines were analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative approach. The results shows that children could improve their discipline, they are like time discipline, discipline in learning, discipline in manners. Quantitative data shows that the children discipline cycles have increased. Based on the data results shows in the end of the first cycle, it shows that children discipline has increased about 10.37%, when pretest children discipline has significantly 41,33 or 46,96%, therefore in the first cycle be 46 or 57,33%. The mean score in second cycle has significantly 64,47 or 79,92.
Collection of innovative practices of scientific education of students of the Small Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of Gifted Children NAPS of Ukraine, Kovalova Oksana , Milenina Milena ,   Institute of Gifted Children NAPS of Ukraine, Kuzmenko Halyna ,   Institute of Gifted Children NAPS of Ukraine, Babiichuk Svitlana ,   Institute of Gifted Children NAPS of Ukraine, Dubinina Oksana ,   Institute of Gifted Children NAPS of Ukraine, Burlaienko Tetiana ,   Institute of Gifted Children NAPS of Ukraine, Kazakova Olha ,   Institute of Gifted Children NAPS of Ukraine
Published: July 2022

The practical manual was developed within the scientific topic "Methodological principles of innovative practices of scientific education in the regional network of the UNESCO Center" Small Academy of Sciences of Ukraine "" (State registration number 0120U100087). It is dedicated to the promotion of scientific education in Ukraine. The practical manual contains descriptions and passports of promising innovative practices of scientific education, developed and tested at the Small Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Most attention is paid to educational practices that can be scaled both within the system of the Small Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and outside it, as well as internationally.
Editorial
Authors: Galan Bismar
Published: July 2022

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The VAT rate hike, government spending, economic growth and sectoral effects: CGE analysis
Authors: Skrypnik D. V.
Published: July 2022

The paper examines the sectoral and macroeconomic effects of the increase in the VAT rate and the additional increase in government spending. For this porpoise, the computable general equilibrium model of the Russian economy has been developed. We have found that the VAT rate hike leads to the output decrease in most industries, including the manufacturing sector. Despite the positive macroeconomic effect from the government spending increases, the sectoral structure is deteriorating, and there is not enough additional growth in demand to offset the negative effect of the increase in the VAT rate, in particular for the industrial sector. In the VAT rate hike and government spending increase scenario, the negative effects of the VAT hike are exacerbated for sectors such as agriculture and trade due to higher costs of production factors as a result of additional government demand. Favorable conditions are being created for the raw materials and the construction sectors as well as the electricity, heat, water and gas distribution sector that have already developed dynamically. Beyond these sectors, the multiplier effects of government spending do not actually extend. The industrial sector is failing to realize its potential. Balanced and sustainable economic growth thus requires additional efforts on the part of industrial policy.
Fiscal consolidation during the pandemic
Authors: Zubarev A. V. , Nesterova K. V.
Published: July 2022

In connection with the increase in public debt induced by the growth of government expenditures aimed at reducing negative effects of the global pandemic, the analysis of such policy measures as fiscal consolidation is an urgent issue. In this paper, we analyze gains and losses of fiscal consolidation aimed at gradually reducing government debt to pre-pandemic levels by raising taxes. Within the framework of the global multi-regional general equilibrium model with overlapping generations (CGE-OLG), we consider scenarios of local (single region) and global consolidation. As a result, we have found that local consolidation leads to insignificant losses in terms of output in the Russian economy in the short term and to more significant losses in developed countries, whose budgetary expenditures were significantly higher during the pandemic. In the long run, there is a positive effect on the level of output in all economies. Another important result is the additional positive effect of global consolidation giving higher output values compared to local consolidation.
Functional safety analysis of safety-critical system using state transition diagram
Authors: Ozirkovskyy Leonid , Volochiy Bohdan , Shkiliuk Oleksandr , Zmysnyi Mykhailo , Kazan Pavlo
Published: July 2022

The subject of research is to determine the functional safety indicators of a fault-tolerant safety-critical system, namely, the minimal cut sets’ probability for a given duration of the system’s operation, using the state transition diagram (STD). The aim is to create a new method for analyzing the functional safety of a fault-tolerant safety-critical system. This method is based on the methodology of developing models of operational reliability behavior in the form of STD. This methodology provides a detailed representation of inoperable states and their relation with pre-failure (inoperable critical) states. The task is to propose a new classification for inoperable states of the STD to obtain all possible emergencies in the same space of inoperable states. This approach allows consideration the correlations between the failures, that it is impossible to use the fault trees. Since the space of inoperable states can reach hundreds and thousands of states, a method is proposed for their automated determination according to the classification. The state space method was used to conduct the validation of the method of functional safety analysis. The following results were obtained: the system of Chapman-Kolmogorov differential equations is formed in accordance with the STD and it provides the dependence of the functional safety indicator – the minimal cut sets’ probability as a function of the operational duration of the fault-tolerant safety-critical system. This dependence is called the emergency function. The method for determining the emergency function is based on the usage of the emergency mask. Note that the proposed model of operational reliability behavior in the form of STD provides the possibility to conduct both the functional safety and the reliability indicators. The value of the minimal cut sets’ probability for a given duration of operation is determined using the fault tree for the validation of the proposed method of functional safety analysis. The fault tree was built by Reliasoft BlockSim software. The obtained value coincides with the value of the minimal cut sets’ probability, which was defined by the emergency function for the same operational duration. Thus, the designer can comprehensively analyze the feasibility of introducing redundancy (structural, temporal, functional). Conclusions: the scientific novelty of the obtained results is the following: the new method for determining safe, critical and catastrophic states in the set of inoperable states is used in the methodology of the STD developing to obtain the stochastic model of operational reliability behavior of fault-tolerant safety-critical system. This technique ensures an automated defining of emergency function by using an improved structural-automatic model.
Адаптивний міріадний фільтр із шумо- та сигнально-залежним зміненням параметрів у часі
Authors: Tulyakova Nataliya , Trofymchuk Oleksandr
Published: July 2022

The research subject of this article is the methods of locally adaptive filtering of non-stationary signals. The goal is to develop a locally-adaptive algorithm for non-stationary noise (from the viewpoint of its time-varying variance) suppression in signals characterized by a different behavior of the informative component, with restricted apriori information about the signal model and noise variance. The tasks are to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed local-adaptive myriad filter using numerical statistical estimates of processing quality for a complex model of one-dimensional process that contains different elementary signals in various additive Gaussian noise variance variations; to investigate the effectiveness of non-stationary noise suppression for model and real signals. The methods are integral and local indicators of filter quality according to the criteria of the mean square error have been obtained using numerical simulation (via Monte Carlo analysis). The following results have been obtained: a noise- and signal-adapting myriad filter for the suppressing of non-stationary noise with significantly varying variance in signals with different behaviors of the informative component is proposed. Statistical estimates of the filter quality, evaluated by numerical simulation, show a higher efficiency of the proposed local-adaptive myriad filter in conditions of different noise levels compared to the other highly efficient locally-adaptive filters. Practically, total preservation of a signal at very low noise levels, minimal dynamical errors caused by filtering at low and middle noise levels, and more effective noise suppression at high values of noise variance are demonstrated. The analysis of output signals and plots of parameters for local adaptation and adaptable parameters confirm the high efficiency and correct operation of the investigated locally-adaptive algorithms. The high robust properties of these nonlinear filters are shown, as well as the expedience of using to spike the elimination of the previous robust Hampel filter in which the median operation is replaced by a myriad one. Examples displaying the high quality of non-stationary noise suppression in a biomedical signal of electronystagmogram are presented. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is the development of locally-adaptive myriad filters with time-varying noise- and signal-dependent parameters for de-noising processes with non-stationary signal behavior and noise variance. This filter does not require time for parameter adaptation and their exact adjustment, a priori knowledge of the signal model and noise variance, and can be applied in a quasi-real-time mode. The proposed algorithm of noise- and signal-adapting myriad filtering algorithm improves the quality of signal processing in difficult conditions of significant noise non-stationarity (variance variation).
KONDISI TERMAL PADA RUMAH MODERN DI DAERAH DINGIN (STUDI KASUS RUMAH TINGGAL DI KEJAJAR, WONOSOBO)
Authors: Prasetya Andhika Danu Dwi , Hermawan Hermawan , Hendriani Adinda Septi , Faqih Nasyiin , Arrizqi Annisa Nabila
Published: July 2022

Rumah merupakan tempat berteduh sekaligus tempat beraktivitas manusia sehingga diperlukan kenyamanan di dalam rumah. Masyarakat cenderung membuat rumah dengan bentuk modern dengan alasan karena kemewahan. Kondisi termal di rumah modern perlu diinvestigasi agar dapat diketahui kenyamanan termal pada rumah modern. Penelitian akan mengungkap kondisi termal di rumah modern pada daerah pegunungan yang mempunyai iklim dingin. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan cara pengukuran menggunakan alat termal. Variabel yang diukur adalah suhu udara, kelembaban udara dan beberapa varaibel lain yang merupakan variabel dalam iklim mikro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumah modern di daerah dingin mempunyai suhu udara yang rendah sesuai dengan iklim mikro pegunungan. Beberapa ruang di dalam rumah modern menunjukkan suhu udara sejuk pada jam siang dan dingin pada pagi hari.
Performance Investigation of Textile Triboelectric Generators
Authors: REPOULİAS Aristeidis , GALATA Sotiria F , KALLİVRETAKİ Argyro , MARMARALI Arzu , VASSİLİADİS Savvas
Published: July 2022

With respect to the theory of the four Triboelectric Generators (TEGs) operational modes, a testing method is proposed. It describes and imitates more precisely the real conditions of the motion of the materials in a wearable clothing based TEG. The phenomenon of triboelectricity is investigated from a clearly textile approach, using typical textile fabrics made by ordinary textile production methods and environmental friendly materials. The performance investigation is based on the comparison of their triboelectric outcomes. It is of special interest that cotton fabrics showed adequate electrical response, and among them the twill weave pattern offered the highest voltage outputs.
ANALISIS SISTEM DAN PROSEDUR PEMBAYARAN JAMINAN KECELAKAAN KERJA DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENGENDALIAN INTERN (Studi Kasus Di BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Cabang Pematangsiantar)
Authors: Rahma Dwi
Published: July 2022

Pekerja atau buruh memiliki hak-hak yang dilindungi oleh hukum. Hak pekerja yang menjadi focus bahasan di dalam tulisan ini adalah hak atas keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja. Agar program jaminan kecelakaan kerja (JKK) dapat berjalan dengan baik dan efektif perlu adanya system akuntansi yang baik. Tujuan dari program ini adalah untuk memastikan pekerja yang mengalami kecelakaan kerja dapat kembali bekerja tanpa menghadapi risiko pemutusan hubungan kerja karena kecelakaan yang dialaminya. Adapun system akuntansi klaim Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan sistem akuntansi pengeluaran kas, karena klaim merupakan tuntutan pengakuan yang harus dibayar pertanggung kepada tertanggung, agar hak tertanggung terpenuhi sesuai dengan perjanjian yang telah disepakati dalam asuransi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah utnuk mengetahui: 1. Prosedur dalam klaim jaminan kecelakaan kerja (JKK). 2. Mengetahui system akuntansi dalam klaim jaminan kecelakaan kerja (JKK). 3. Mengetahui evaluasi terhadap system akuntansi klaim jaminan kecelakaan kerja (JKK) pada BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Cabang Pematangsiantar. 

Kata Kunci: Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja, Sistim Dan Prosedur Pembayaran, Pengendalian Intern.