bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empirical Analysis of Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms with Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Singh Satwinder , Kaur Harpreet , Kanozia Rubal , Kaur Gurpreet
Published: August 2023

Machine learning based sentiment analysis is an interdisciplinary approach in opinion mining, particularly in the field of media and communication research. In spite of their different backgrounds, researchers have collaborated to test, train and again retest the machine learning approach to collect, analyse and withdraw a meaningful insight from large datasets. This research classifies the texts of micro-blog (tweets) into positive and negative responses about a particular phenomenon. The study also demonstrates the process of compilation of corpus for review of sentiments, cleaning the body of text to make it a meaningful text, find people’s emotions about it, and interpret the findings. Till date the public sentiment after abrogation of Article 370 has not been studied, which adds the novelty to this scientific study. This study includes the dataset collection from Twitter that comprises 66.7 % of positive tweets and 34.3 % of negative tweets of the people about the abrogation of Article 370. Experimental testing reveals that the proposed methodology is much more effective than the previously proposed methodology. This study focuses on comparison of unsupervised lexicon-based models (TextBlob, AFINN, Vader Sentiment) and supervised machine learning models (KNN, SVM, Random Forest and Naïve Bayes) for sentiment analysis. This is the first study with cyber public opinion over the abrogation of Article 370. Twitter data of more than 2 lakh tweets were collected by the authors. After cleaning, 29732 tweets were selected for analysis. As per the results among supervised learning, Random Forest performs the best, whereas among unsupervised learning TextBlob achieves the highest accuracy of 99 % and 88 %, respectively. Performance parameters of the proposed supervised machine learning models also surpass the result of the recent study performed in 2023 for sentiment analysis.
The reappropriation of time in television: How traditional qualities of broadcast media are being adopted by their video-on-demand services
Authors: Lassen Julie Münter
Published: August 2023

As on-demand media claim an increasing amount of the time we spend on digital media, traditional broadcasters have adopted video on-demand (VoD) services as a means of presenting their programmes. This article analyses two Danish VoD services offered by legacy broadcasters – that is, BVoD services. It argues that the traditional features of broadcast television, to communicate liveness and immediacy, are reappropriated in the publishing practices of the BVoD services. With an analytical focus on the use of temporal paratexts, the article finds that whereas both services emphasise liveness and immediacy in their publishing practices, they apply different means of expressing the temporal qualities. These differences can be attributed to organisational differences. Finally, the article concludes that competitiveness, distinctiveness, and the public service identity of the broadcasters are explanatory factors for the reappropriation of time-structured publishing in the two Danish BVoD services DRTV and TV 2 Play.
Diverging Educational Aspirations Among Compulsory School-Leavers in Switzerland
Authors: Ackermann Tobias , Benz Robin
Published: August 2023

Educational aspirations play an important role in shaping students' educational trajectories and destinations. Drawing on longitudinal data from the TREE2 study, this paper investigates the effect of tracking on the formation and adjustment of the educational aspirations of Swiss students upon leaving compulsory school. We show that educational aspirations are highly responsive to the educational track attended in upper secondary education. While students in general education tend to stick to their aspirations, their counterparts in vocational programmes exhibit less stable aspirations.
Safety First? On the Timing of Moving in With a Partner and Its Determinants
Authors: Zimmermann Julia , Prein Gerald
Published: August 2023

We analyze the first cohabitation with a partner as one of the key events in the transition to adulthood and consider its interdependencies with other life events, using life course data from the survey AID:A 2019 of the German Youth Institute (DJI). A remarkable finding is that for men, cohabitation with a partner usually occurs after an individual’s entry into permanent employment.
A violência inerente à tradição jurídica nos tipos penais brasileiros: a criminalização de condutas sob um viés crítico
Authors: Coser Bitti Lohanna , Vianna Direito Carlos Gustavo
Published: August 2023

No período colonial, a mutilação e a morte eram tipos punitivos encontrados no Brasil, sobretudo, no âmbito privado, através de um Direito Penal doméstico, as punições eram, então, concentradas nos corpos daqueles que praticavam um crime, sem se falar em um devido processo penal, ou daqueles que já tivessem sido condenado. O Código Criminal de 1890 ou Código Criminal da República, como era conhecido, criminalizou os alvos sociais do sistema penal através de leis penais extravagantes, tendo sido a codificação que adotou, de forma efetiva, a pena de prisão como repressão, levando ao afastamento de práticas punitivas arcaicas e degradantes utilizadas no Império. Assim, a questão social era tratada como um caso de polícia e o Código Criminal da República foi complementado e modificado por vários textos legislativos, até chegar ao atual Código Penal de 1940, o qual trouxe inovações na conduta do judiciário brasileiro e que tinha por objetivo implantar um estado intervencionista.
دور القضاء الدستوري في حماية الاقليات الدينية
Authors: محمد زينة , دخيل منير
Published: August 2023

يجب الاعتراف بالتنوع الموجود داخل مجتمع ما، وأن تُحترم بصورة كاملة حقوق كل فرد من أفراده، والحرية الدينية للأقليات الدينية أصبحت اليوم واحدة من الحريات أو المبادئ المسلم بها في الدول الديمقراطية وتشريعاتها، حيث يتم تقرير تلك الحرية وتسجيلها في الوثائق القانونية في صورة إعلانات الحقوق أو في مقدمات الدساتير أو في صلبها بنصوص دستورية واضحة وجلية، إلا أن تلك الحرية يمكن أن تكون حبراً على ورق مالم يتوفر لها ضمانات تكفل ممارستها من الناحية الواقعية، بل لعلنا لا نبالغ إذا قلنا من الأجدى أن يتقرر للفرد عدد اقل من الحريات على أن توضع لها الضمانات الوطيدة، من أن يتقرر له قسط اكبر من الحريات مع ضمانات أقل. وواحدة من تلك الضمانات الأساسية هي الرقابة على دستورية القوانين.
عقد الاستثمار التعاوني العقاري
Authors: عبدالجبار سعد
Published: August 2023

تناولت الدراسة تصرفاً قانونياً يجنب الدولة تقديم الاغراءات الادارية وبعض التنازلات القانونية الى المستثمر الاجنبي من اجل استقطابه ورأس ماله الى داخل العراق, يتضمن هذا التصرف القانوني تعاقد الادارة مع مجموعة اشخاص وطنيين على انهم مستثمرين لا يملك احدهم رأس المال الكافي لتنفيذ مشروع اقتصادي عقاري يعمل على انتاج الوحدات السكنية وانما يملكون جميعهم رؤوس اموال صغيرة, بتوحيدها وجمعها تكون قادرة على ادارة هذه المشاريع, ويحقق هذا التصرف الكثير من النتائج منها ايجاد فرص عمل وتسهيل لرؤوس الاموال الصغيرة التي غالباً يتم توظيفها في مشاريع صغيرة وتكون عرضة للخسارة وبالتالي فقدانها, ومن جهة اخرى ايجاد فرص عمل للأيدي العاملة الوطنية والحد من البطالة المنتشرة, ولبيان ما تقدم تم بسط الدراسة الى مبحثين تناولنا في الاول الاطار العام للاستثمار التعاوني العقاري وفي الثاني الاحكام القانونية المترتبة عليه وختمنا الدراسة بخامتنا اوردنا فيها اهم النتائج والمقترحات.
آليات موجهة الإرهاب السيبراني فى التشريعات المصرية
Authors: القصاص یسری
Published: August 2023

من أثار تقدم وتطور تقنية المعلومات أن أصبحت المصالح الاستيراتجية هدفا سهلا للهجمات السيبرانية, التي نالت من قواعد البيانات وانظمة التحكم والسيطرة للمنشآت التي تدار ببرامج الذكاء الإصطناعي, لذلك كانت مواجهة أخطار هذه الهجمات أمرا مهما, وقد اتخذت هذه المواجهة محورين, الأول: المحور التقني الهادف إلى تطوير برامج حامية لقواعد البيانات والأنظمة الالكترونية المتحكمة في إدارة وتشغيل المنشآت الحيوية والاستراتجية من الهجمات السيبرانية, أما المحور الثاني: فهو المحور التشريعي الهادف إلى تطوير التشريعات والآليات القانونية اللازمة لمواجهة عدوان الهجمات الإرهابية المرتكبة عبر تقنية المعلومات , وهو ما سنبينه من واقع التجربة المصرية في هذا المجال .
ADEQUAÇÃO DA ASSISTÊNCIA PRÉ-NATAL ENTRE PUÉRPERAS EM UMA MATERNIDADE DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Nascimento Amanda Gyedre de Sousa , Santos Pedro Vitor Mendes , Esteves Mônia Muriel Nery , Pierot Esteffany Vaz , De Oliveira Lynara Silva , Ribeiro Ana Luísa Mendes , Jorge Herla Maria Furtado , Ribeiro Samila Gomes
Published: August 2023

avaliar a adequação da assistência pré-natal entre puérperas em uma maternidade de referência do nordeste brasileiro. MÉTODO: estudo transversal e descritivo de caráter quantitativo realizado com 205 puérperas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um formulário estruturado com informações extraídas no cartão pré-natal e recomendações do Ministério da Saúde. O estudo foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Piauí sob o CAAE: 81905417.3.0000.5214. RESULTADOS: 69,8% das entrevistadas fizeram sete ou mais consultas pré-natais. A maioria das puérperas apresentou captação precoce com menos de 12 semanas. Verificou-se prevalência minimamente adequada com 5 ou mais registros dos procedimentos clínico-obstétricos, dentre eles a altura uterina obteve a menor taxa de adequação (61,5%). CONCLUSÃO: A assistência pré-natal foi considerada adequada quanto aos parâmetros analisados, porém observou-se a necessidade de melhoria da qualidade nas consultas.
Clinical and anatomical analysis of the epileptogenic spread patterns in focal cortical dysplasia patients
Authors: Sufianov Albert , Gonzalez-Lopez Pablo , Simfukwe Keith , Martorell-Llobregat Carlos , Iakimov Iurii A. , Sufianov Rinat A. , Mastronardi Luciano , Borba Luis A. B. , Rangel Carlos Castillo , Forlizzi Valeria , Campero Alvaro , Baldoncini Matias
Published: August 2023

Background:

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the main causes of intractable epilepsy, which is amendable by surgery. During the surgical management of FCD, the understanding of its epileptogenic foci, interconnections, and spreading pathways is crucial for attaining a good postoperative seizure free outcome.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 54 FCD patients operated in Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, Russia. The electroencephalogram findings were correlated to the involved brain anatomical areas. Subsequently, we analyzed the main white matter tracts implicated during the epileptogenic spreading in some representative cases. We prepared 10 human hemispheres using Klinger’s method and dissected them through the fiber dissection technique.

Results:

The clinical results were displayed and the main white matter tracts implicated in the seizure spread were described in 10 patients. Respective FCD foci, interconnections, and ectopic epileptogenic areas in each patient were discussed.

Conclusion:

A strong understanding of the main implicated tracts in epileptogenic spread in FCD patient remains cardinal for neurosurgeons dealing with epilepsy. To achieve meaningful seizure freedom, despite the focal lesion resection, the interconnections and tracts should be understood and somehow disconnected to stop the spreading.
Evaluation of endocrinological sequelae following particle therapy performed on anterior skull base lesions in the adult population
Authors: Zoia Cesare , Todeschini Giada , Lovati Elisabetta , Lucotti Pietro , Iannalfi Alberto , Bongetta Daniele , Di Sabatino Antonio , Riva Giulia , Cavallo Iacopo , Orlandi Ester , Spena Giannantonio
Published: August 2023

Background:

Radiotherapy has increasingly assumed a central role in the multidisciplinary treatment of skull base lesions. Unfortunately, it is often burdened by relevant radio-induced damage to the pituitary function and the surrounding structures and systems. Patients who were treated with radiotherapy around the sellar region especially have a high risk of developing radio-induced hypopituitarism. Particle therapy has the potential advantage of delivering a higher radiation dose to the target while potentially sparing the sellar region and pituitary function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pituitary function in adult patients who have undergone hadron therapy for anterior skull base lesions involving or surrounding the pituitary gland.

Methods:

This is a retrospective, observational, and noncontrolled study. We evaluated pituitary and peripheral hormone levels in all patients referring to National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia, Italy for anterior skull base tumors. Furthermore, we performed a magnetic resonance imaging for every follow-up to evaluate potential tumoral growth.

Results:

We evaluated 32 patients with different tumoral lesions with a mean follow-up of 27.9 months. The mean hadron therapy (HT) dose was 60 ± 14 Gray, with a mean dose per fraction of 2.3 ± 2.1 Gray. Six patients were treated with carbon ions and 26 with protons. Pituitary hormone alteration of some kind was reported for six patients. No patient experienced unexpected severe adverse events related to particle therapy.

Conclusion:

Particle radiotherapy performed on anterior skull base lesions has proved to cause limited damage to pituitary function in the adult population.
Implementation Of Gamification In Learning Media To Improve Student Activity And Learning Outcomes
Authors: Kurnia Rahman Agus  , Syarif Sihabuddin Sahid Dadang , Dalimunthe Syabdan
Published: August 2023

The demands of the learning process during the current pandemic force teachers and students to carry out digital transformation in the learning process. Especially in the new normal where the learning process is done online. Thus, the learning media made by the teacher must also be adapted to online media so that the learning process can be maximized and increase the activeness of students in learning while online. This study aims to create an online learning media by applying the concept of gamification. The method used in this research is R&D (Research and Development) using analysis, design, and development development models. Stages of analysis are carried out to determine the needs of students when learning online. Then in the design stage, the selection of media formats and media design is carried out, and finally at the development stage, the advanced process of making games with programming languages is carried out as a learning medium. The use of gamification learning media is very practical, which can be accessed by students through their devices at home via the internet network. In the learning process, this game can be used to assist teachers in achieving learning objectives so that they can increase learning activity and the value of students in one basic competency.
Clinopyroxene composition as an indicator of the conditions of crystallization of gabbroids from the Shaka Ridge (South Atlantic)
Authors: Румянцева Н.А. , Березин А.В. , Ванштейн Б.Г. , Скублов С.Г.
Published: August 2023

Представлены результаты геохимических исследований (главные, редкие и редкоземельные элементы) для зерен клинопироксена, выделенных из габброидов хребта Шака, расположенного в Южной Атлантике. Исследуемый клинопироксен принадлежит к Ca-Mg-Fe-типу и характеризуется плавным изменением химического состава от центра к краю, выражающимся в снижении значения магнезиальности Mg#, возрастании суммарного содержания REE и более отчетливом проявлении отрицательной Eu-аномалии. На основании геохимических и морфологических особенностей изученных зерен сделан вывод о существенном влиянии фракционной кристаллизации на состав клинопироксена в ходе его образования. Оценка P-T-параметров по нескольким методикам позволила обозначить узкий диапазон значений температур (1225–970 °С) и давлений (3–1 кбар) при которых кристаллизовался клинопироксен.
Tungstenite and molybdenite as destruction products of ovamboite Cu20(Cu,Fe)6W2(Ge,As)6S32, tungsten-rich germanite, and maikainite Cu20(Cu,Fe)6Mo2(Ge,As)6S32 of the Tsumeb deposit in Namibia
Authors: Спиридонов Э.М. , Девнина Н.Н. , Мурашко М.Н. , Коротаева Н.Н. , Куликова И.М.
Published: August 2023

Тунгстенит и молибденит – продукты деструкции овамбоита Cu20(Cu,Fe)6W2(Ge,As)6S32, богатого вольфрамом германита и майкаинита Cu20(Cu,Fe)6Mo2(Ge,As)6S32 месторождения Цумеб в Намибии, стр. 24-29 Вендское вулканогенное колчеданно-полиметаллическое месторождение Цумеб (Намибия, ЮЗ Африка) уникально богато минералами германия. Гипотермальная минерализация Цумеба включает топаз, фторапатит, кварц, калишпат, флогопит, высокий халькозин, пирит, сложные сульфиды германия, богатые вольфрамом и молибденом: овамбоит Cu20(Cu,Fe)6W2(Ge,As)6S32 и майкаинит Cu20(Cu,Fe)6Мо2(Ge,As)6S32; твердые растворы галлит – сфалерит – халькопирит; сложные сульфиды олова – станноидит и иные. Мезотермальная минерализация Цумеба включает халькопирит, твердый раствор халькопирит – борнит, высокий халькозин, галенит, пирит, богатый галлием сфалерит, богатый вольфрамом германит, богатый цинком галлит, кварц, мусковит, доломит, моусонит и иные. Эпитермальная минерализация Цумеба развита среди брекчированных ранних минеральных агрегатов. Параметры образования эпитермальной минерализации: Т 240 – < 80 °С, соленость растворов 6–12 мас.% экв. NaCl. Обильны галенит, маложелезистый Cd-сфалерит, теннантит, пирит, низкий халькозин, доломит, марказит. Широко развиты незональный бедный W германит, галлит, реньерит. Присутствуют продукты деструкции высокотемпературных сульфидов германия, богатых W и Mo. Продукты деструкции овамбоита и богатого W германита – обильные микропрожилки и мелкие, до 15 мкм, гнезда тунгстенита, низкий халькозин, бетехтинит, сидерит, калвертит. Продукты деструкции майкаинита – срастания мельчайших пластин молибденита с низким халькозином и бетехтинитом. Тунгстенит содержит менее 0.3 мас.% Мо, молибденит – 0.3 мас.% W, что свидетельствует о низкой температуре их образования. Вероятная реакция разложения овамбоита (состав минералов близок к реальному): Cu24Fe2W2Ge4As2S32 + 2 Cu2S + 2 Pb р-р → WS2 (тунгстенит) + Cu8WS6 (калвертит) + Cu20FePb2S15 (бетехтинит) + FeS2 (пирит) + 4 Ge р-р + As2S3 р-р + 6 S р-р. Вероятная реакция разложения майкаинита: Cu24Fe2Мо2Ge4As2S32 + 2 Pb р-р → 2 МоS2 (молибденит) + Cu20FePb2S15 (бетехтинит) + 2 Cu2S (низкий халькозин) + FeS2 (пирит) + 4 Ge р-р + 2 As2S3 р-р+ 3 S р-р.
The Prominent Role of Charge Transfer in the Spectral Tuning of Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting I Complex
Authors: Fujimoto Kazuhiro J. , Tsuji Rio , Wang-Otomo Zheng-Yu , Yanai Takeshi
Published: August 2023

Purple bacteria possess two ring-shaped protein complexes, light-harvesting 1 (LH1) and 2 (LH2), which exhibit distinct absorption properties and function as antennas for solar energy utilization for photosynthesis. The amount of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a is different in the two antennas; however, their relationship with spectral tuning remains elusive. Herein, we report a high-precision evaluation of the physicochemical factors contributing to the difference in absorption maxima between LH1 and LH2 in the model purple bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum in terms of BChl a structural distortion, protein electrostatic interaction, excitonic coupling, and charge transfer (CT) effects, derived from detailed spectral calculations using an extended version of the exciton model. Spectral analysis confirmed that the electronic structure of the excited state in LH1 extended to the BChl a 16-mer, and further analysis revealed that the CT effect due to the closer inter-BChl distance in LH1 than in LH2 predominantly contributed to the LH1-specific redshift (~61% in energy). Our analysis explains how LH1 and LH2, which possess chemically identical chromophores of BChl a, use distinct physicochemical effects to enable a progressive redshift from LH2 to LH1 for efficient energy transfer to the reaction center special pair.
Sulfurous Zeosils for Dehydra-Decyclization of Tetrahydrofuran to Renewable Butadiene
Authors: Andeme Ela Raisa Carmen , Barroso Jorge , Kumar Gaurav , Gawande Kaivalya , Shetty Manish , Li Xinyu , Fan Wei , Vlaisavljevich Bess , Dauenhauer Paul
Published: August 2023

Renewable 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD, C4H6) was synthesized from the tandem decyclization and dehydration of biomass-derived tetrahydrofuran (THF) on weak Brønsted acid zeolite catalysts. 1,3-BD is a highly solicited monomer for the synthesis of rubbers and elastomers. Selective conversion of THF to 1,3-BD was recently measured on phosphorus-modified siliceous zeolites (P-zeosils) at both high and low space velocities, albeit with low per-site catalytic activity. In this work, we combined kinetic analyses and QM/MM calculations to evaluate the interaction of THF with the various Brønsted acid sites (BAS) of Boron (B)-, Phosphorus (P)-, and Sulfur (S)-containing silicalite-1 catalysts toward a dehydra-decyclization pathway to form 1.3-BD. Detailed kinetic measurements revealed that all three catalysts exhibited high selectivity to 1,3-BD ca. 64-96% in the order of S-MFI > P-MFI > B-MFI at a given temperature (360 C). Notably, the S-MFI maintained a selectivity > 90% for evaluated all process conditions. The computational results suggested that the nature of the Brønsted acid sites and the adsorption energetics (relative THF-acid site interaction energies) are distinct in each catalyst. Additionally, the protonation of THF can be improved with the addition of a water molecule acting as a proton shuttle, particularly in S-MFI. Overall, S-containing zeosils exhibited the ability to control reaction pathways and product distribution in dehydra-decyclization chemistry optimization within microporous zeolites, providing another alternative weak-acid catalytic material.
Dual-Locked Macrocyclic “Turn-On” Drug for Selective and Traceless Release in Cancer Cells
Authors: Schauenburg Dominik , Rochet Léa N. C. , Gao Bingjie , Schüler Darijan , Coelho Jaime A.S. , Ng David Y.W. , Chudasama Vijay , Kuan Seah Ling , Weil Tanja
Published: August 2023

Drug safety and efficacy due to premature drug release in the bloodstream and poor biodistribution remain challenging issues despite seminal advances in the field. To circumvent these limitations, we report a directed-macrocylization as a dual lock for camptothecin (CPT), a small molecule anticancer drug. In this way, the activity is “locked” within the cyclic structure by the redox responsive disulfide and pH-responsive boronic acid-salicylhydroxamate and turned on only in the presence of acidic pH and glutathione through traceless release. Notably the dual-responsive CPT is more active (100-fold) compared to the non-cleavable (closed) analogue. We further include bioorthogonal handle in the cyclic backbone for subsequent functionalization to generate cell-targeting peptide-macrocyclic and protein-macrocyclic CPTs for targeted, traceless drug release in triple negative metastatic breast cancer cells to inhibit cell growth in the low nanomolar concentration.
Pure Hydrolysis of Polyamides: A Comparative Study
Authors: Brette Mathis Mortensen , Holm Allan Hjarbæk , Drozdov Aleksey D. , Christiansen Jesper De Claville
Published: August 2023

Nylon, also known as polyamides (PAs), undergoes local environmental degradation, leading to a decline in its mechanical properties over time. The degradation process is strongly influenced by the surrounding environment in which the polymer is utilized. PAs can experience various forms of degradation, such as thermal degradation, oxidation, hydrothermal oxidation, UV oxidation, and hydrolysis. It is crucial to understand each of these degradation mechanisms individually to better comprehend the degradation process of nylon. Although extensive research has been conducted on hydrolysis over the past few decades, there is currently no comprehensive review that consolidates the latest findings. This review analyzes the available characterization data and evaluates the changes in molecular weight, crystallinity, chemical structure, and mechanical properties of PAs that have aged in oxygen-free water at high temperatures. The primary objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the aging process of PAs in water without oxygen. Additionally, secondary information is provided, including the influence of fibers and additives in the polymer, hydrolysis susceptibility among PAs with longer aliphatic chains, correlation between different parameters, impact of acids, and important factors for determining the point at which PAs become brittle when subjected solely to hydrolysis.
An Atlas of the base inter-RNA stacks involved in bacterial translation
Authors: Ali Zakir , Kukhta Teagan , Trant John , Sharma Purshotam
Published: August 2023

Nucleobase-specific noncovalent interactions (i.e., inter-RNA base pairing and stacking) play a crucial role in the RNA-driven biochemical process of translation. Although the structural details of translation are well studied, especially base-pairing, the role of nucleobase-specific inter-RNA stacking interactions is still not fully appreciated. Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the stacking interactions between different RNA components in the available crystal structures of the bacterial ribosome caught at different stages of translation. Analysis of tRNA||rRNA stacking interactions reveals distinct stacking behaviour; both the A-and E-site tRNAs exhibit unique stacking patterns with 23S rRNA bases, while P-site tRNAs stack with 16S rRNA bases. Furthermore, E-site stacks exhibit diverse face orientations and ring topologies―rare for inter-chain RNA interactions―with higher average interaction energies than found in either A or P-site rRNA||tRNA stacks. This suggests that stacking may be essential for stabilizing tRNA progression to and through the E-site. Additionally, examination of mRNA||rRNA stacking interactions reveals other stacking geometries, which depend on the site of tRNA binding; A-site mRNA||rRNA stacks exhibit more frequent interactions with high stability, suggesting they play an essential role in mRNA positioning within the translational complex. Similarly, analysis of 16S rRNA||23S rRNA stacks highlights the importance of specific bases in maintaining the integrity of the translational complex by linking the two rRNAs. Furthermore, tRNA||mRNA stacking interactions exhibit distinct geometries and energetics at the E-site, indicating their significance during tRNA translocation and elimination. Overall, the analysis demonstrates that both A and E-sites display a broader and more diverse distribution of inter-RNA stacking interactions compared to the P-site. Notably, P-site stacking interactions are the least stable, suggesting their diminished role due to the need for interactions to be dominated by codon:anticodon base pairing to avoid misreading the mRNA. Stacking interactions in the active ribosome are not simply accidental byproducts of biochemistry but are invoked to compensate and support the integrity and dynamics of translation.
Conformational dynamics of the most efficient carboxylase contributes to efficient CO2 fixation
Authors: Gomez Aharon , Erb Tobias J , Grubmüller Helmut , Vöhringer-Martinez Esteban
Published: August 2023

Crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase (Ccr) is one of the fastest CO2 fixing enzymes and has become part of efficient artificial CO2-fixation pathways in vitro, paving the way for future applications. The underlying mechanism of its efficiency, however, is not completely understood. X-ray structures of different intermediates in the catalytic cycle reveal tetramers in a dimer of dimers configuration with two open and two closed active sites. Upon binding a substrate, this active site changes its conformation from the open to the closed state. It is challenging to predict how these coupled conformational changes will alter the CO2 binding affinity to the reaction's active site. To determine whether the open or closed conformations of Ccr affect CO2 binding to the active site, we performed all-atom molecular simulations of the various conformations of Ccr. The open conformation without a substrate showed the highest binding affinity. The CO2 binding sites are located near the catalytic relevant Asn81 and His365 residues and in an optimal position for CO2 fixation. Furthermore, they are unaffected by substrate binding, and CO2 molecules stay in these binding sites for a longer time. Longer times in these reactive binding sites facilitate CO2 fixation through the nucleophilic attack of the reactive enolate in the closed conformation. We have previously demonstrated that the Asn81Leu variant cannot fix CO2. Simulations of the Asn81Leu variant explain the loss of activity through the removal of the Asn81 and His365 binding sites. Overall, our findings show that the conformational dynamics of the enzyme control CO2 binding. Conformational changes in Ccr increase CO2 in the open subunit before the substrate is bound, the active site closes, and the reaction starts. The full catalytic Ccr cycle alternates between CO2 addition, conformational change, and chemical reaction in the four subunits of the tetramer coordinated by communication between the two dimers.
Visible light sensitive photoliquefiable arylazoisoxazoles for the molecular solar thermal energy storage under solvent-free conditions at room temperature and lower temperatures
Authors: Dolai Anirban , Bhunia Supriya , Manna Kalipada , Bera Satyajit , Box Majid , Bhattacharya Kallol , Saha Ritabrata , Sarkar Subhasish , Samanta Subhas
Published: August 2023

Solar energy can be transformed into heat energy using molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage materials, which can then store the heat energy and release it in response to an external stimulus like light or heat. Arylazoisoxazoles, unlike analogous arylazopyrazoles, fail to draw much attention as MOST materials due to poor photoisomerization yields in both directions and utilization of UV light for trans-cis isomerization. With the para-thioalkyl substitution in the phenyl ring, we have demonstrated that the photoswitching yields in both directions can be drastically improved under visible light irradiations. Additionally, the long thioalkyl chain permitted solid-liquid phase transition followed by very high trans-cis photoisomerization and liquid-solid transition associated with high cis-trans photoconversion at various temperatures (10-35oC). The solid liquefication enabled the storage of the latent heat along with the isomerization energy in the charged state. The compound with a C6 alkyl chain could store ̴ 196 J/g of thermal energy for nearly three weeks at 10 oC and three months at 0 oC; the liquidity of the charged state can be retained at lower temperature down to -15 oC. We further showed that the reverse cis-trans isomerization-related heat release triggered by green light can be monitored by directly recording the sample surface temperature with a high-resolution IR camera. Our results demonstrate that arylazoisoxazoles have the potential to serve as MOST materials.
An assessment of stoichiometric autocatalysis across element groups
Authors: Peng Zhen , Adam Zachary , Fahrenbach Albert , Kaçar Betül
Published: August 2023

Autocatalytic chemical reaction systems have been proposed to play critical roles during the transition from an abiotic world to one that contains living systems. These proposals are at odds with a limited number of known examples of abiotic (and in particular, inorganic) autocatalytic systems that might reasonably function in a prebiotic environment. In this study, we broadly assess the occurrence of stoichiometries that can support autocatalytic chemical systems through comproportionation reactions. If the product of a comproportionation process can be coupled with an auxiliary oxidation or reduction pathway that furnishes a reactant, then a candidate comproportionation-based autocatalytic cycle (CompAC) structure can exist. Using this strategy, we surveyed the literature and chemical databases for reactions that can be organized into CompACs that consume some chemical species as food to synthesize more autocatalysts. 226 CompACs and 44 Broad-sense CompACs were documented, and it was found that each of the 18 groups, lanthanoid series, and actinoid series in the periodic table has at least two CompACs. Our findings demonstrate that stoichiometric relationships underpinning abiotic autocatalysis could broadly exist across a range of geochemical and cosmochemical conditions, some of which are substantially different from the modern Earth. At the same time, the observation of some autocatalytic systems requires effective spatial or temporal separation between the food chemicals while allowing comproportionation and auxiliary reactions to proceed, which may explain why naturally occurring autocatalytic systems are not frequently observed. The collated CompACs and the conditions in which they might plausibly support complex, “life-like” chemical dynamics, can directly aid an expansive assessment of life’s origins and provide a compendium of alternative hypotheses concerning false-positive biosignatures.
Searching for the Rules of Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Tort Romain , Bagger Alexander , Westhead Olivia , Kondo Yasuyuki , Khobnya Artem , Winiwarter Anna , Davies Bethan J. V. , Walsh Aron , Ryan Mary P. , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Stephens Ifan E. L.
Published: August 2023

Li-mediated ammonia synthesis is – thus far – the only electrochemical method to decentralised ammonia production, an alternative to one of the largest thermal heterogeneous catalytic processes, for its unique selectivity on a solid electrode. However, it is burdened with intrinsic energy losses, operating at Li plating potential. In this work, we survey the periodic table to understand the fundamental features that make Li stand out. Through density functional theory calculations and experimentation on chemistries analogous to lithium (e.g. Na, Mg, Ca), we find that lithium is unique in several ways. It combines a stable nitride that readily decomposes to ammonia, with an ideal solid electrolyte interphase, balancing reagents at the reactive interface. We propose descriptors based on simulated formation and binding energies of key intermediates, and further on hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB principle) to generalize such features. The survey will help the community towards new electrochemical systems for nitrogen fixation.
Case Report on Myxedema Coma Associated with End-Stage Cardiac Disease
Authors: A Rohith , K J Niharika , B N Ravindra , George Robin
Published: August 2023

Myxedema coma is a critical disorder with high mortality rates. Disruption of the compensatory mechanism for severe and long-term hypothyroidism by various causes leads to serious complications, including hypothermia, respiratory failure, circulatory failure, and central nervous system dysfunction. The most common causes of myxedema coma are thought to include infectious disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, sedative medicines, exposure to the cold and surgery in patients with poorly controlled hypothyroidism. We present a case of an 82-year-old female presented with complaints of loss of speech for 3 days, complaint of easy fatiguability for 3 days, altered sensorium since 1 day, weakness of both upper and lower limbs for 3 days and the patient attenders complaint of that patient is not taking food and difficult in swallowing since 3 days. In spite of the foregoing, patients with decreased mental status who have undergone thyroid surgery or hypothyroidism should be evaluated for myxedema coma. Additionally, this condition may be caused on by chronic hypothyroidism or by experiencing acute precipitating events like sepsis, a cerebrovascular accident, gastrointestinal bleeding, exposure to cold, trauma, or taking certain medications. A high mortality rate was noted, so patients whose myxedema coma is suspected should start receiving treatment right away.
Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds in
edible and non-edible portions of dragon fruit cultivars native to Bangladesh
Authors: Alam M. , Biswas M. , Ahmed J. , Hosain M.A. , Alam A. , M.H.H. Khan , Molla M.M.
Published: August 2023

The research was conducted to assess the variability and relationship regarding physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds in edible and nonedible portions (peel, flesh and seed) of dragon fruit cultivars native to Bangladesh. The
most popular and largely cultivated Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI)
released BARI Dragon Fruit-1 and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) released
BAU Dragon Fruit-1 cultivars were chosen in the study. The experiment was conducted in
two factors completely randomized design where two cultivars and, three edible and nonedible portions were considered as treatments. The findings of the investigation revealed
that there was a large discrepancy in the average weight in the selected cultivars where
BAU Dragon Fruit-1 was found to be superior (347 g) to BARI Dragon Fruit-1 (284 g).
These cultivars contained 31.86% to 35.44% peel, 59.74% to 65.08% flesh and 3.06% to
4.82% seed in their edible and non-edible portions. The BAU Dragon Fruit-1 provided a
good recovery rate with the highest flesh to peel ratio (2.04:1). The highest amount of
total soluble solids (10.20°Brix) was obtained in the flesh portion of BARI Dragon Fruit1. The utmost quantities of ascorbic acid were found in the seeds of each cultivar, ranging
from 24.40 to 31.41 mg/100 g. The BARI Dragon Fruit-1 cultivar’s seed contained the
highest tannin (444.64 mg TAE/100 g), whereas the flesh of the same cultivar had the
lowest (335.04 mg TAE/100 g). In comparison, the phenolic content of BAU Dragon Fruit
-1 cultivar's seed and flesh ranged from 162.86 to 163.13 mg GAE/100 g. The highest
antioxidant activity (91.35%) was found in the seed portion of BARI Dragon Fruit-1.
According to the findings, the edible and non-edible portions of Bangladesh's native
dragon fruit cultivars have particular features, which will help in diverse food and
pharmaceuticals product formulation and development.
Physiological properties of novel melon cultivars (cv. Meloni and cv. Tacapa
Green Black) during storage
Authors: Wiratara P.R.W. , Daryono B.S. , Supriyadi
Published: August 2023

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) has polymorphic varieties that affect genetic diversity. Melon
cv. Meloni and cv. Tacapa Green Black are new cultivars produced by Universitas Gadjah
Mada. The information about respiration rate, volatile compounds, and firmness, including
the impact on storage time of those novel cultivars, is not available yet. This work aimed
to investigate the respiration rate, volatile compounds, and firmness of melon cv. Meloni
and Tacapa Green Black during 20 days of storage at a temperature of 21°C. Based on
respiration rate measurement, melon cv. Meloni and cv. Tacapa Green Black are classified
into climacteric and non-climacteric fruit, respectively. The volatile compounds were
extracted using solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS). It identified more than seventy volatile compounds in melon cv. Meloni,
whereas only 20 volatile compounds were found in cv. Tacapa Green Black at harvest
time and altered during storage. Melon cv. Meloni has a highly aromatic volatile
compound but short shelf life according to firmness. Whereas cv. Tacapa Green Black
could be stored until 20 days in form shape but lacking volatile compounds. Melon cv.
Meloni and cv. Tacapa Green Black has good potential and could be a promising
commercial horticultural product.
Improvement medicine adherence on quality of life in hypertension patients
Authors: Sriyati Sriyati , Latif Abdul
Published: August 2023

Hypertensive patients who do not take medication therapy for a long time will cause complications that will cause discomfort and affect their quality of life. This condition can be prevented and treated by having routine drug therapy. This study aims to determine the relationship between medication adherence and quality of life in hypertensive patients at the Mantrijeron Health Center, Yogyakarta. This research was a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. The sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique with 74 respondents being hypertensive patients. The data collection instruments were the medication adherence report scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Bivariate analysis used the Pearson's correlation test which showed p = 0.027 (<0.05). These results indicate a significant relationship between medication adherence and the quality of life of hypertensive patients. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between medication adherence and the quality of life of hypertensive patients. it is suggested that increasing medication adherence among hypertension patients can improve their quality of life.
Intervention of lavender aromatherapy and acupressure to reduce pain scale in postoperative sectio caesarea patients
Authors: Sugito Anggoro , Ta’adi Ta’adi , Ramlan Djamalludin , Pujiastuti Rr. Sri Endang
Published: August 2023

Sectio Caesarea surgery causes pain on a mild to severe scale in patients, impacting hemodynamic conditions, so attention is needed to this problem and its management with non-pharmacological therapy using aromatherapy and acupressure as a treatment companion in health services. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of lavender aromatherapy and acupressure interventions on reducing the pain scale in postoperative sectio caesarea patients. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with a control group design with a total sample of 16 respondents in each group taken by random sampling system. The group was given lavender aromatherapy intervention and acupressure, while the control group was only given lavender aromatherapy. The results of the research from the t-test showed that the administration of aromatherapy and acupressure had an effect on reducing the pain scale of postoperative sectio caesarea patients with a p-value = 0.000 and a decrease in the mean pain scale from 4.44 (pre-test) to 2.50 (post-test). This shows that aromatherapy and acupressure as complementary therapies can be used as non-pharmacological therapies as supporting treatment and alternative self-care to assist in overcoming pain problems in postoperative sectio caesarea patients. This study shows that lavender aromatherapy and acupressure effectively reduce pain scales in postoperative sectio caesarea patients.
The effectiveness of application of drawing activity occupational therapy against auditory hallucination symptoms
Authors: Sujiah Sujiah , Warni Hernida , Fikrinas Adi
Published: August 2023

Auditory hallucinations are the most common hallucinations in schizophrenia, experienced by more than 60% of people with schizophrenia. Patients who have hallucinations often become irrational and lose control of their actions, which can lead to homicide, suicide, and environmental destruction. This study aims to examine the effects of occupational therapy drawing exercises on auditory hallucination symptoms. This study used a quasi-experimental control group technique with a sample size of 40 respondents. The results showed an impact of occupational therapy on drawing activity on auditory hallucinations symptoms, with a p-value of 0.000, and a significant difference in the reduction of auditory hallucinations symptoms between the intervention and control group after occupational therapy with a drawing activity. Patients with auditory hallucinations are advised to engage in occupational therapy drawing activities to alleviate their symptoms.
A comparison of two registry-based systems for the surveillance of persons hospitalised with COVID-19 in Norway, February 2020 to May 2022
Authors: Whittaker Robert , Toikkanen Salla , Dean Katharine , Lyngstad Trude Marie , Buanes Eirik Alnes , Kløvstad Hilde , Paulsen Trine Hessevik , Seppälä Elina
Published: August 2023

Background

The surveillance of persons hospitalised with COVID-19 has been essential to ensure timely and appropriate public health response. Ideally, surveillance systems should distinguish persons hospitalised with COVID-19 from those hospitalised due to COVID-19.

Aim

We compared data in two national electronic health registries in Norway to critically appraise and inform the further development of the surveillance of persons hospitalised with COVID-19.

Method

We included hospitalised COVID-19 patients registered in the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) or the Norwegian Pandemic Registry (NoPaR) with admission dates between 17 February 2020 and 1 May 2022. We linked patients, identified overlapping hospitalisation periods and described the overlap between the registries. We described the prevalence of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) diagnosis codes and their combinations by main cause of admission (clinically assessed as COVID-19 or other), age and time.

Results

In the study period, 19,486 admissions with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were registered in NoPaR and 21,035 with the corresponding ICD-10 code U07.1 in NPR. Up to late 2021, there was a 90–100% overlap between the registries, which thereafter decreased to < 75%. The prevalence of ICD-10 codes varied by reported main cause, age and time.

Conclusion

Changes in patient cohorts, virus characteristics and the management of COVID-19 patients from late 2021 impacted the registration of patients and coding practices in the registries. Using ICD-10 codes for the surveillance of persons hospitalised due to COVID-19 requires age- and time-specific definitions and ongoing validation to consider temporal changes in patient cohorts and virus characteristics.
Environmental Responsibilities and Firms Financial Performance: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Verma Mohit , Mukhtaruddin Mukhtaruddin
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to present a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of 512 studies on environmental responsibilities and firm financial performance literature. The study aims to track the research trend and identify the reasons behind heterogeneity in the studied association. The Scopus database was comprehensively searched to collect bibliographic material, giving an overview of contributing and influential research areas, key authors, journals, and countries. Network visualization is used to identify clusters. Content analysis of the literature revealed the essential topics of the investigation. The systematic review revealed that geographical constraints, regulatory constraints, and lack of standardizability are significant reasons for heterogeneity. We identify three major researched areas: a) economic and financial impact, b) innovation, environment management system, and standards, and c) supply chain management development. Discussion on the significant clusters concludes that studies showing positive economic benefits dominate the literature. Overall, the results of different scientific production do not indicate consensus in one direction, but mixed results help to build a new perspective and expand the research horizon. Using a systematic process, this study recognizes the value-creation potential of proactive environmental management practices.