bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Battle of the Billboards
Authors: Woolfork Lisa
Published: May 2023

This chapter argues that there is an important contradiction between Charlottesville, Virginia the city or place that was epicenter of white supremacist violence, and #Charlottesville, the hashtagged discursive shorthand that inspired national and global solidarity to resist white nationalism. While #Charlottesville is an important motivation for action against the commemoration of white supremacist violence that operates within Confederate memory preservation, Charlottesville as a place was and remains committed to overt and covert forms of white supremacy in its courts, schools, policing, and beyond. Informed by practices of literary cognition including close reading and contextualization, this chapter investigates what it calls the battle of the billboards, a skirmish between white supremacists and anti-racists that played out in plain sight a year after the deadly Unite the Right rally, in order to understand the ongoing struggle over public memory, rhetoric, discourse, and semiotics in Charlottesville.
Rewatching on the Point of the Cinematic Index
Authors: Redmon Allen H.
Published: May 2023

While scholars have long recognized that movies always involve some form of rewatching, no one has developed an adequate way to discuss this aspect of the cinema. One reason for this shortcoming is the narrow way in which film theorists have discussed cinema's indexicality. Far too often scholars imagine the cinematic index to be nothing more than an acknowledgment that the lens-based camera captures and brings to the screen a reality that existed before the camera. When cinema's indexicality is so narrowly defined, the whole nature of film is called into question the moment film no longer relies on a lens-based camera. The presence of digital technologies seemingly strips cinema of its indexical standing. Rewatching on the Point of the Cinematic Index pushes for a broader understanding of the cinematic index by returning to the early discussions of the index in film studies and the more recent discussions of the index in other digital arts. Bolstered by the insights these discussions can offer, this project looks to replace what might be best deemed a diminished concept of the cinematic index with a series of more complex cinematic indices, the impoverished index, the indefinite index, the intertextual index, and the imaginative index. The central argument of this book is that these more complex indices encourage spectators to enter a process of ongoing adaptation of the reality they see on the screen, and that it is on the point of these indices that the most significant instances of rewatching movies occur.
The Index
Authors: Redmon Allen H.
Published: May 2023

Film and media theorists often discuss the index in reductive ways. This chapter looks to reconstitute a more robust cinematic index, one that remains even when the image on screen is digitally produced. In keeping with the suggestions of those who discuss the possibilities of digital doubt and on the writings of Andre Bazin, the chapter insists that the spectator encounters an index anytime they approach the image as an index. Those who see a cinematic index are, in turn, invited into a process of ongoing adaptation that occurs on the point of that index. By way of example, the section ends with a discussion of the way John Lee Hancock's Saving Mr. Banks (2013) turns on the point of an index that does more than just relate to a reality in front of a camera.
Going Up the Country
Authors: Bokelman Marina , Evans David , Wade Stephen
Published: May 2023

This book describes the experience of intensive fieldwork in blues music undertaken by two young graduate students in Folklore from UCLA. The work was conducted among many blues musicians and their families in the 1960s in Mississippi, Louisiana, and California. The core chapters tell the story of the authors’ adventures, presented through their edited field notes and many photographs documenting their experiences in the field in 1966 and 1967. Other chapters discuss their musical background, preparation for fieldwork, fieldwork in general, the nature of documentary photography and the importance of context in documenting fieldwork. Each author details relevant parts of their lives before and after the fieldwork experiences, as well as providing retrospective views of their work, the people, and the times. The chapters touch on race relations, social issues of the 1960s such as voters’ rights, race relations, the academic field of Folklore, the Blues Revival, and many other topics and issues of interest to a wide range of readers. A Bibliography and Discography list the authors’ publications, published recordings, and archival collections based on the fieldwork.
How to Look at the Photographs
Authors: Bokelman Marina
Published: May 2023

This chapter discusses in detail the photographic methodology of co-author Marina Bokelman—how she worked with the limitations of the black and white film available at the time, and the resulting qualities of the photographs. She discusses her decision not to use flash photography and its ramifications, the problems of photographing indoors in low light conditions, and the challenges of photographing subjects with dark skin. She emphasizes the importance of using framing and loose cropping in order to document and illustrate cultural context. She also touches on the importance of gaining permission to photograph, being sensitive to the reluctance of certain subjects to be photographed, and other issues. She illustrates her points with photographs.
Before the Field
Authors: Bokelman Marina
Published: May 2023

This chapter summarizes the life of co-author Marina Bokelman prior to the 1966 fieldwork, her background in a family of singers from different ethnic oral traditions, her education and early interests in cultural anthropology, folklore, folksong, blues, and photography. She describes her friendships with bluesman Brownie McGhee, her mentor Bess Lomax Hawes, her music partner Frank Zappa and the importance of The Ash Grove in the Los Angeles Folk Music Revival. She describes her early interactions with African Americans. The chapter contains vintage photographs of Bess Lomax Hawes, Brownie McGhee, Pete Seeger, Sam Hinton.
After Midnight
Authors: Jenkins Henry , Scott Suzanne
Published: May 2023

Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons’s Watchmen fundamentally altered the perception of American comic books and remains one of the medium’s greatest hits. Launched in 1986—“the year that changed comics” for most scholars in comics studies—Watchmen quickly assisted in cementing the legacy that comics were a serious form of literature no longer defined by the Comics Code era of funny animal and innocuous superhero books that appealed mainly to children.
After Midnight: “Watchmen” after “Watchmen” looks specifically at the three adaptations of Moore and Gibbons’s Watchmen—Zack Snyder’s Watchmen film (2009), Geoff Johns’s comic book sequel Doomsday Clock (2017), and Damon Lindelof’s Watchmen series on HBO (2019). Divided into three parts, the anthology considers how the sequels, especially the limited series, have prompted a reevaluation of the original text and successfully harnessed the politics of the contemporary moment into a potent relevancy. The first part considers the various texts through conceptions of adaptation, remediation, and transmedia storytelling. Part two considers the HBO series through its thematic focus on the relationship between American history and African American trauma by analyzing how the show critiques the alt-right, represents intergenerational trauma, illustrates alternative possibilities for Black representation, and complicates our understanding of how the mechanics of the show’s production can impact its politics. Finally, the book’s last section considers the themes of nostalgia and trauma, both firmly rooted in the original Moore and Gibbons series, and how the sequel texts reflect and refract upon those often-intertwined phenomena.
Our Portion of Hell
Authors: Hamburger Robert
Published: May 2023

Our Portion of Hell: Fayette County, Tennessee: An Oral History of the Struggle for Civil Rights offers an unrivalled account of how a rural Black community drew together to combat the immense forces aligned against them. Author Robert Hamburger first visited Fayette County as part of a student civil rights project in 1965 and, in 1971, set out to document the history of the grassroots movement there. Beginning in 1959, Black residents in Fayette County attempting to register to vote were met with brutal resistance from the white community. Sharecropping families whose names appeared on voter registration rolls were evicted from their homes and their possessions tossed by the roadside. These dispossessed families lived for months in tents on muddy fields, as Fayette County became a “tent city” that attracted national attention. The white community created a blacklist culled from voter registration rolls, and those whose names appeared on the list were denied food, gas, and every imaginable service at shops, businesses, and gas stations throughout the county. Hamburger conducted months of interviews with residents of the county, inviting speakers to recall childhood experiences in the “Old South” and to explain what inspired them to take a stand against the oppressive system that dominated life in Fayette County. Their stories, told in their own words, make up the narrative of Our Portion of Hell.
“A Few Movements to Improve Things”
Authors: Hamburger Robert
Published: May 2023

The Tent City crisis in Fayette County attracted national attention at the end of 1960. At long last, there was a massive drive for food and clothing. In 1963, student activists began to set up summer workshops to encourage voter registration and stimulate indigenous leadership, yet the Original Fayette County Civic and Welfare League and those it supported had already been working on its own for three years. College students that traveled to Fayette County only came to take part in a project that was already ongoing. Despite these efforts resulting in 4300 Blacks registering to vote, the election was stolen at the polls, the tallied votes bearing little relation to the real vote. The McFerrens were confronted with all forms of harassment when the league took aggressive action in pursuit of its goals. Their narratives here focus on the obstacles raised to thwart a league victory in the elections. Only occasionally do they talk about the intense pressure they felt from the hostile white community.
The Early Jazz Revival and the Creole Songs
Authors: Vézina Caroline
Published: May 2023

The first jazz histories published in the 1930s led to the early jazz revival of the 1940s and 1950s, during which some Creoles songs were finally recorded. However, they had surely been performed at home during the nineteenth up to the early twentieth century. By then Creoles songs were also performed in concerts by classical musicians, such as Camille Nickerson, and in the dance hall as part of the vast professional repertoire of early jazz musicians. The revival recordings of “Eh La Bas,” “Toucoutou/Blanche Touquatoux,” and “Les Ognons” well exemplify the adaptation of Creole songs in the jazz idiom. Moreover, their spontaneous composition and/or improvised lyrics, and their formal flexibility indicate that the Creole songs form an original repertoire that belongs both to the Black American folk music that gave birth to jazz, as well as to Franco-American folk music and cultural heritage of Louisiana.
Literacy in a Long Blues Note
Authors: Pittman Coretta M.
Published: May 2023

The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries proved to be difficult and dynamic for Black Americans. The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision all but entrenched the separate but equal doctrine. Yet, Black women responded to the legal precedents and social traditions that divided the races by theorizing the ways the creative arts could be deployed against racism and to argue for the humanity of Black people. In numbers heretofore unseen, Black women published in several genres including essays, novellas, novels, poems, and plays, and also earned song writing and composing credits. In tent shows, on stage, and on records Black women became a visible force to be reckoned with in the 1920s and 1930s. This book examines the ways Black women from different social classes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries employed different forms of literacy to serve as the public face of critique and hope. Their uses of literacy including transformational, transactional, and specular reveal the range of their theoretical and popular methods used to debunk ideas about racial inferiority. From Anna J. Cooper to Gertrude “Ma” Rainey to Jessie Fauset, these and the other Black women in this book illustrate a shifting tide among Black women from the elite to the working-class who desire change but do so with a vision and literacy practice all their own.
Fundeb e complementação financeira da União: perspectivas a partir da abrangência do VAAT nos municípios da Paraíba
Authors: Silva Marcus Quintanilha da
Published: May 2023

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar as potencialidades do Valor Anual Total por Aluno – VAAT aos municípios paraibanos a partir da sua abrangência no ano de 2022. Em uma exploração quantitativa da Portaria Interministerial n. 1/2022, das informações da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais trabalhadas por Silva (2019) e uma leitura da política a partir da perspectiva crítico-dialética. As evidências caminham na direção de que, mesmo em um contexto ultraliberal e de perda de direitos da classe trabalhadora, o VAAT representa uma possibilidade de ampliar as condições de financiamento da educação dos municípios brasileiros e, especialmente ao caso dos municípios paraibanos, complementar à política de complementação da União anterior e ainda em vigência.
Políticas Públicas educacionais na Ibero-América e a condição humana: Análise transmetódica
Authors: Rodriguez Milagros Elena , Fortunato Ivan
Published: May 2023

Cumpre-se o complexo objetivo de pesquisa de analisar as políticas públicas educacionais na América Latina e a condição humana, sob uma análise transmétodo rizomática com análise crítica do discurso em uma investigação decolonial planetária. Nas entrevistas abertas com colaboradores da Iberoamérica fica evidente o desrespeito à condição humana, que se opõe à vida nas políticas públicas e a pouca atenção a tais questões na educação. Mesmo com a passagem da colonização, a colonialidade global está estabelecida. No artigo, promove-se nos profissionais a conscientização e atenção ao complexo conceito da condição humana. Na complexa relação: natureza-corpo-mente-alma-espírito-Deus que define o ser humano, devemos provocar uma ligação especial que nos faz voltar a compreender a condição humana.
Análise do Relatório Nacional de Alfabetização Baseada em Evidências na perspectiva do materialismo histórico-dialético
Authors: Salina André Perussi , Silva Bárbara Maria Costa , Pinto Gabriela Braga , Asbahr Flávia da Silva Ferreira
Published: May 2023

Fundamentado na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar criticamente o documento intitulado RENABE – Relatório Nacional de Alfabetização Baseada em Evidências a partir do materialismo histórico-dialético. O documento foi analisado em três momentos: 1. Ideologia e a suposta neutralidade científica; 2. Evidências de aprendizagem e suas bases ideológicas; 3. Os fundamentos e concepções de linguagem. Em cada um dos tópicos tecemos críticas, apontamos limites, realizamos contrapontos e buscamos apreender os elementos constituintes do documento. Avaliamos que o documento apresenta uma compreensão limitada do processo de alfabetização, que se organiza sem discussões sociais relevantes, principalmente sobre a realidade da educação brasileira.
Apresentação - Dossiê: “Estado e Políticas Educacionais na América Latina: configurações atuais”
Authors: Silva Maria Vieira , Castro Alda Maria Duarte Araújo , Santos Kildo Adevair dos
Published: May 2023

No tempo presente, uma das retóricas mais difundidas atribui às políticas sociais a responsabilidade pela retração econômica e, por conseguinte, propalam a ideia da retrenchment, redução ou interrupção dos gastos públicos e a intensificação das privatizações. Sob tal perspectiva, as políticas e práticas neoliberais favorecem a supremacia do mercado como dogma para a produção de riqueza, alocação de recursos e distribuição de bens de forma eficaz e justa, baseada na meritocracia e no “darwinismo social”. De acordo com os porta-vozes do neoliberalismo “é urgente barrar a vulnerabilidade do mundo político à influência perniciosa das massas pobres, incompetentes, malsucedidas. Em primeiro lugar, reduzindo esse universo político - ou o campo de atividades sobre as quais elas podem influir, desregulamentando, privatizando, emagrecendo o Estado” (Moraes, 2001: p. 32).
Lectura contextual de Jueces 19 en el marco de la investigación acción participativa por parte de dos grupos de mujeres colombianas que viven en condiciones de vulnerabilidad
Authors: Casas Ramírez Juan Alberto , López Edgar Antonio
Published: May 2023

La lectura contextual de la Biblia (LCB) es una forma comunitaria de interpretar textos bíblicos desde una realidad particular que se busca cambiar. Esta manera de leer los textos y los contextos promueve la justicia a través del empoderamiento de grupos marginados que transforman la realidad mediante sus propias capacidades. El artículo, que pone en evidencia la dimensión social de la hermenéutica bíblica y su necesario recurso a la interdisciplinaridad, muestra algunos aspectos de la interpretación del capítulo 19 del Libro de los Jueces, en el marco de un proyecto de investigación acción participativa, hecha por dos grupos de mujeres colombianas en condición de vulnerabilidad. El relato, en el cual la concubina de un levita es violada y descuartizada, refleja diferentes aspectos de la realidad experimentada por las lectoras del texto, cuya interpretación les permite darse cuenta de las posibilidades que tienen para transformar sus contextos particulares.
The Importance of Quality Control for The Success of A Company
Authors: Zacharias Mayang
Published: May 2023

Quality control is an important part of the company’s production process, especially for manufacturing companies. Quality control itself is a comprehensive process that needs to be upheld by the company to make sure it has quality products. This article aims to provide enrichment about quality management, quality control, the process, the approach, as well as the tools gathered from diverse sources. Information from journals, books, and others was first gathered and combined to produce a comprehensive and full understanding of the topic. This article helps to provide a better understanding of quality control, however, it is necessary to explore the examples that have been applied by various companies.
Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
Authors: Han Suju , Liu Mei , Wang Yuetong , Chen Juan
Published: May 2023

Gentiana rhodantha is a perennial herb of the genus Gentiana (Tourn.) L. This study was novel in establishing a regeneration system of G. rhodantha using young leaves as explants on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators (PGRs). The roots, stems, and leaves of G. rhodantha were used as explants. The effects of the optimal explant disinfection method, type of explant used, concentrations of PGRs added to the culture media on tissue culture, and rapid propagation of G. rhodantha were studied. The results showed that the optimal disinfection method for stems and roots consisted of disinfection using 75% ethanol for 50 s, followed by 4% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) for 10 min. The optimal disinfection technique for leaves consisted of disinfection using 75% ethanol for 50 s, followed by 4% NaClO for 8 min. Root explant was the most suitable for inducing the callus of G. rhodantha on the MS medium supplemented with different PGRs. The optimal conditions for callus induction included 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.5 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The callus induction rate using the root explant reached 94.28%. MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA was the optimal medium for inducing adventitious shoots from the callus of G. rhodantha. The best medium for propagation and plantlets strengthening was MS supplemented with 0.8 mg/L 6-BA and 0.3 mg/L NAA, and the propagation index was 8.62. MS supplemented with 0.3 mg/L 3-indolebutyric acid was the best culture medium for inducing the rooting of adventitious buds, with the maximum rooting rate reaching up to 100%.
“A new worker, for a new order, in a new era”: English, power and shifting ideologies of reflexivity in a Chinese global workplace
Authors: Gong Eleanor Yue
Published: May 2023

This paper offers a historiographic and ethnographic analysis of how reflexivity, as a communicative practice and valued personality trait, has been understood, regulated, legitimised and used to control Chinese workers from the planned-economy era to the present. Using a Shanghai-based multinational company as a case study, I document how and under what conditions English-mediated reflexivity, with its stress on self-entrepreneurship, came to replace former Mandarin-mediated reflexivity supporting a notion of collective workerhood. Special attention is paid to reflexivity’s changing roles in shaping, managing and evaluating workers and facilitating understandings of labour, power and agency. The paper argues that the emerging English-dominated reflexivity represents a required linguistic shift for the creation of a new worker type in the current globalised economy as it normalises managerial technologies of discipline, stratification and exclusion.
Aminosilyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl complexes of alkali metals
Authors: Mohamad Media , Lambert Jessica , Wirtz Lisa , Morgenstern Bernd , Schäfer André
Published: May 2023

(Pyrrolidinyldimethylsilyl)tetramethylcyclopentadienide complexes of lithium, sodium and potassium were synthesized and characterized, including crystal structure determinations. The lithium cyclopentadienide compound was used as a Cp transfer reagent to prepare the corresponding ferrocene, stannocene and plumbocene.
Development of Temperature-Controlled Direct Shear Box
Authors: Emami Ahari Hossein , Ajmera Beena
Published: May 2023

An increase in the temperature of permafrost that is caused by global warming can lead to a significant decrease in shear strength. Seasonal freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles can also adversely affect the shear strength of soils. This can result in damages to infrastructure, negative impacts on the economy, and a decline in the quality of life. Thus, it is crucial to understand the shear strength of permafrost and seasonally frozen-thawed soils. Several studies have utilized various instruments to observe the behavior of soils under such conditions, including a temperature-controlled triaxial system to apply F-T cycles or a traditional direct shear apparatus placed within a temperature-controlled room. Since most commercial geotechnical labs do not have a temperature-controlled room or a temperature-controlled triaxial system, this article presents the design of a new cost-effective direct shear box that was developed to allow temperature-controlled testing in a traditional direct shear device. The modifications to the direct shear box comply with ASTM D3080/3080M, Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils under Consolidated Drained Conditions. Like the standard direct shear box, it consists of two halves and a direct shear cap, but each of these components is hollow to allow for the circulation of glycol. The chiller is capable of imposing temperatures within the range of −40°C to +40°C on the sample being tested. It is also possible to freeze and thaw specimens at a desired normal stress while monitoring the associated heave and compression. The freezing mechanism applied to the soil sample affects the distribution of ice within the pore spaces, necessitating that samples be frozen from all sides if a uniform distribution of ice is necessary. Shear strength parameters from the newly designed temperature-controlled direct shear box matched well with those from the traditional shear box. In addition, the feasibility of temperature-controlled direct shear testing was evaluated at different temperatures, strain rates, and normal stresses.
Endothelial Cells Are Heterogeneous in Different Brain Regions and Are Dramatically Altered in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Bryant Annie , Li Zhaozhi , Jayakumar Rojashree , Serrano-Pozo Alberto , Woost Benjamin , Hu Miwei , Woodbury Maya E. , Wachter Astrid , Lin Gen , Kwon Taekyung , Talanian Robert V. , Biber Knut , Karran Eric H. , Hyman Bradley T. , Das Sudeshna , Bennett Rachel E.
Published: May 2023

Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in maintaining brain health, but their contribution to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is obscured by limited understanding of the cellular heterogeneity in normal aged brain and in disease. To address this, we performed single nucleus RNAseq on tissue from 32 human AD and non-AD donors (19 female, 13 male) each with five cortical regions: entorhinal cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, prefrontal cortex, visual association cortex, and primary visual cortex. Analysis of 51,586 endothelial cells revealed unique gene expression patterns across the five regions in non-AD donors. Alzheimer's brain endothelial cells were characterized by upregulated protein folding genes and distinct transcriptomic differences in response to amyloid β plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. This dataset demonstrates previously unrecognized regional heterogeneity in the endothelial cell transcriptome in both aged non-AD and AD brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this work, we show that vascular endothelial cells collected from five different brain regions display surprising variability in gene expression. In the presence of Alzheimer's disease pathology, endothelial cell gene expression is dramatically altered with clear differences in regional and temporal changes. These findings help explain why certain brain regions appear to differ in susceptibility to disease-related vascular remodeling events that may impact blood flow.
Peculiarities of the course of demodicosis in domestic animals in a megalopolis in the east of Ukraine
Authors: Paliy A. , Pavlichenko O. , Kasianenko S. , Kovalenko L. , Stockiy A. , Stotska O.
Published: May 2023

Demodicosis in domestic animals occupies a leading place among dermatological diseases. It has considerable epizootological and social significance. Peculiarities of the manifestation of demodicosis in dogs and cats were studied in the city of Kharkiv during 2017–2021. Doberman Pinscher, mestizo, German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Staffordshire Terrier, and outbred animals were the most commonly affected by demodicosis, accounting for 61.6% of the total number of patients. The lowest number of animals with demodicosis was registered in such breeds as Dalmatian, Great Dane, Caucasian Shepherd, Collie, Labrador, Husky, Pekingese, and Chow Chow with a total number of 4.6%. Demodicosis is most common in Persian white, European tiger, and Siamese colour point cats, accounting for 57.3%. Norwegian forest, Russian blue, and Oriental shorthair cats are rarely affected by demodicosis, accounting for 13.5% of all animals. Demodicosis most often affects animals aged from 2 months to 3 years in winter, and in summer and autumn, the incidence is lowest. Peculiarities of sexual predisposition of animals to demodicosis infection have not been established. The microbes affecting the skin of animals are transmitted by mites Demodex spp. and are represented by Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Candida spp., Rhizopus nigricans, Penicillum spp., Malassezia spp., Microsporum canis. Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. occupy the largest percentage of the total number of isolated microorganisms – 74.7%, and Micrococcus spp. occupy the lowest percentage of isolated microorganisms (6.2%). Staphylococcal susceptibility to nine tetracycline drugs has shown a high level of resistance. The most effective antimicrobial agent for isolated cultures of staphylococci is amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid (89.7%) and vancomycin (100.0%). The objective of further research is to develop effective schemes for the prevention and treatment of pets with demodicosis.
Pathogenetic relationship between kidney pathologies and the microcirculatory capillary layer in dogs under the influence of Babesia canis
Authors: Dubova O. A. , Feshchenko D. V. , Yevstafieva V. O. , Melnychuk V. V. , Dubovyi A. A.
Published: May 2023

With babesiosis in dogs, the capillary network is especially strongly affected due to the stimulation of the hemostasis system and the development of thrombus formation in the microvasculature. Acute renal failure and even death of animals are caused by shock phenomena and the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Clinical, laboratory (hematological, biochemical, coagulometric, hemodynamic, enzyme immunoassay) methods of research were conducted. Dogs with babesiosis have fever, anemia, and hemoglobinuria, hematologically established anemia, systemic inflammation, thrombotic condition. Hemodynamic parameters determine the state of shock, which in dynamics becomes decompensated and irreversible. The appearance of poikilocytes in the blood of sick dogs indicates significant metabolic disorders in their body. The coagulogram reveals the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Syndrome markers significantly changed with a trend to increase during nephropathy. In addition, uremia, hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hyperphosphatemia, creatininemia were found in the sick dogs, which are reliable indicators and determine the development of an acute form of glomerulonephritis and progressive acute renal failure. According to the study of the general biochemical status in animals, hepatopathy in the form of acute hepatitis and pancreatitis, and general intoxication syndrome were established. In our findings: during acute spontaneous babesiosis, dogs developed nephropathy, which has two clinical stages: hemoglobinuria and oliguria/anuria. The pathogenetic basis for the development of glomerulonephritis and acute renal failure is the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation in response to the influence of a pathogen, which causes shock, forming a vicious circle of shock. Under such conditions, renal failure increases and eventually leads to the death of the animal. The studied data will contribute to the expansion of the conceptual understanding of the pathogenesis of canine babesiosis and determine the leading role of complications in the development of kidney failure.
Effects of mineral supplementation on qualitative beef parameters
Authors: Farionik T. V. , Yaremchuk O. S. , Razanova O. P. , Ohorodnichuk G. M. , Holubenko T. L. , Glavatchuk V. А.
Published: May 2023

Correct nutrition with sufficient amount of optimal doses of microelements efficiently supports high levels of beef production and health of the animals throughout the feeding period. In the sphere of beef production, microelements are needed as additional supplements to play an important role in the productivity of cattle and the quality of the products made from them. Providing cattle with a more bioavailable source of deficient microelements could increase the metabolic process of the main nutrients, which would affect the intensity of bull growth and slaughter meat parameters. It has been revealed that organic complexes of deficient microelements have greater bioavailability. Throughout the experiment, Ukrainian Black Spotted bulls of 175–200 kg live weight were fed with diets enriched by chelate compounds of microelements with lysine and methionine. Animals of the second group were fed a diet with methionates of microelements in the following doses, mg/kg of live weight: iron – 0.05, cobalt – 0.04, iodine – 0.05 and selenium – 0.02; the third group received lysinates in the same doses of microelements; and the fourth group was given lysinates and methionates in a complex with half-doses of microelements. The studies were carried out using the following methods: zootechnical (productivity), biochemical (chemical blood composition), morphological (weight and sizes of certain tissues and internal organs), physical-chemical and sanitary meat parameters and statistical (mean arithmetic value and its error, significance level of difference between parameters). We found evidence and confirmed the benefits of using microelement supplemention with essential aminoacids in the bulls’ diet. Feeding chelate supplement to animals during the second feeding period improved hematological parameters, the productivity and nutrition value of beef. We determined that the best outcomes resulted from feeding bulls with lysinates and methionates in complex with microelements (Fe, Co, Se and I) during the second feeding period. The animals had 26.0% higher mean daily increments and 11.1% greater growth rates, and they grew 25.8% more intensively than the others that consumed only the main diet. The animals of this group had 5.2% higher slaughter yield and 4.8% higher carcass yield. The experimental groups were observed to have lower number of microorganisms in the longissimus layer in one field of view when analyzing impression smears. After 14 days of beef storage, qualitative reactions in the control group were positive with formaldehyde, sulphuric-acid copper, Nessler’s reagent and negative with benzidine. The reactions in the samples from experimental groups were doubtful. Less deterioration of beef stored at low positive temperatures (0…+2 ºС) was observed for the samples of experimental groups.
Effect of disinfectants on viability of Trichuris skrjabini eggs
Authors: Yevstafieva V. , Petrenko M. , Peleno R. , Nikiforova O. , Vakulenko V. , Reshetylo O. , Kone M.
Published: May 2023

The nematodoses are considered the most numerous group of cosmopolitan diseases among animal and human parasitoses. The representatives of the genus Trichuris attract special attention as pathogens of nematodoses. Their high fecundity, resistance to the influence of environmental factors and the ability to disperse create a serious ecological hazard and the risk of new outbreaks of infestation. The aim of the research was to establish the ovicidal efficiency of modern disinfectants on the embryogenesis of eggs of Trichuris skrjabini nematodes isolated from sheep. In laboratory conditions, two preparations were tested, DZPT-2 (mixture of glutaraldehyde, sodium dodecyl sulfate, essential oil) and Dixclor (mixture of sodium bisulfate, sodium chlorite, sodium percarbonate) at different concentrations and times of exposure. We established that DZPT-2 disinfectant showed a high level of ovicidal efficiency (97.5–100%) against T. skrjabini eggs at 4.5% concentration during exposure for 6–12 h and 5.0% concentration during exposure for 3–12 h. Dixclor showed a high level of ovicidal efficiency (100%) against Trichuris eggs at a concentration of 0.24% for exposures of 12 and 24 hours. Decreasing the concentration of disinfectants reduced the level of their ovicidal efficiency and led to the development of a greater number of viable eggs of T. skrjabini. Degenerative changes in the test cultures of T. skrjabini eggs caused by the tested disinfectants were characterized by the appearance and accumulation of air bubbles under the egg shell, the cessation of embryonic development at the bean-like embryo stage, loosening and resorption of the embryo inside the eggs, thinning and destruction of their shell, deformation of the eggs, and swelling of the egg plugs. Such destructive changes in eggs in experimental test cultures were also confirmed by the indicators of their morphometric parameters. Under the influence of DZPT-2 and Dixclor on the 54th day of cultivation, the length of the eggs was lower by 3.9%, and their width was greater by 4.8–5.1% compared to similar indicators in the control test culture. The obtained results allow one to recommend the tested disinfectants in defined and effective concentrations and exposures for effective control and prevention of trichurosis on livestock farms.
Influence of high-bromine poultry products on clinical-biochemical blood parameters of white rats
Authors: Koreneva Y. M. , Orobchenko O. L. , Romanko M. Y. , Malova N. G. , Sachuk R. M. , Gutyj B. V. , Radzykhovskyi M. L.
Published: May 2023

Bromine content in fodder and water for laying chickens in Ukraine gradually increasing, thereby accumulating in the poultry production (eggs and meat): according to the data, intake of bromine with chicken eggs in 2020 has almost doubled, compared with 2016. Taking into account the ability of bromine to accumulate and the scales of consumption of poultry products, it is relevant to study the effects of high bromine concentration on the level of thyroid hormones and clinical-biochemical parameters of blood of white rats. At the laboratory of Toxicological Monitoring of the National Scientific Center the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine and the Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology of the State Institution V.Y. Danylevskyi Institute of Problems of Endocrine Pathology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, we carried out studies on white outbred male rats (n = 144). The diet of experimental groups was supplemented with eggs and meat containing high bromine concentration. We determined increase in the coefficients of liver weight and decrease in the coefficients of lung weight in the experimental rats. Moreover, we determined changes in the biochemical blood profile, in particular: after egg consumption, there occurred 20.0–22.0% decrease in the enzymatic activity of alanine aminotransferase, 23.0–48.4% in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, and on average 21.3% decrease in alkaline phosphatase, compared with the control; after meat consumption, the level of total proteins decreased by 8.6%, glucose by 12.2–14.5%, also there were 13.8–18.5% decrease in the activity of alanine aminotransferase and 12.1–83.0% increase in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase on the 28th day, and 23.2–35.3% decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. After the intake of both poultry products, the blood serum of animals was observed to have decrease in the level of overall thyroxine and overall triiodothyronine (1.3 times on average, depending on the period of study). The results of the studies can help in prediction and timely alleviation of the negative impact of poultry products with high bromine content on the human organism.
Premezclados como alternativa para el uso seguro de medicamentos intravenosos en escenarios de atención en salud
Authors: Martínez Rojas Susan Paola , Ibatá Bernal Linda Margarita , Taborda Restrepo Alejandra , Ariza Juan Guillermo , Bonilla Arteaga Kelly
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: presentar el panorama de errores de medicación, los recursos asociados a la preparación de medicamentos intravenosos y el uso de premezclados en la atención en salud. Metodología: se realizaron búsquedas en diferentes bases de datos, sin límite de fecha o tipo de estudio. Adicionalmente se realizó un análisis para estimar los costos, validando con expertos los recursos en central de mezclas. Resultados: los errores de medicación son un error médico común a nivel global. Los datos disponibles son heterogéneos, pero sugieren que los errores de medicación pueden ser una causa considerable de morbilidad y mortalidad en ciertas poblaciones y contextos, con intervenciones adicionales, estancias hospitalarias prolongadas, mayores costos de atención y reducción en la probabilidad de que el tratamiento sea oportuno y eficaz. En medicinas intravenosas resultan escenarios de mayor gravedad y mayor nivel de costos. Los costos laborales anuales para una central de mezclas en Colombia se estiman entre 281,5 y 422,3 millones de pesos. La estandarización, como parte de los fármacos premezclados proporciona menor riesgo de contaminación, menor posibilidad de error en la preparación, menor incidencia de complicaciones relacionadas con la terapia, disminución del desperdicio, mejora en la oportunidad de dispensación, optimización en el trabajo de los equipos de farmacia y reducción de costos asociados con este proceso. Conclusiones: el uso de premezclados, como parte de un programa de reducción de errores de medicación, puede mejorar los indicadores de calidad en administración de medicamentos y garantizar un uso más seguro de la terapia intravenosa.
Kollicoat MAE® 100P as a film former polymer for nanoparticles preparation
Authors: Rodrigues Acacio Bianca , Robles Verónica , Prada Ariadna , Assis Joao , Souza Tatiane , Keita Hady , Neto Serafim , Paredes Gamero Edgar Julián , Rodríguez Amado Jesús Rafael
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Until now, few research works have reported the usefulness of Kollicoat MAE® 100P as a film-former polymer for coating nanocapsules and as a matrix former for nanospheres. Aim: To update the current knowledge about the use of Kollicoat MAE® 100P as a film-former polymeric to prepare gastro-resistant nanoparticles. Physicochemical characteristics and functionality of nanoparticles coated with Kollicoat MAE® 100P were reported. Methodology: An exhaustive review was performed (from 1980 to 2021) in various scientific databases like Medline, Scopus, EBSCO and Cambridge. Results: Kollicoat MAE® 100P is a versatile polymer that can be used to prepare gastro-resistant nanoparticles with actives of natural and synthetic origin. This polymer allows producing homogeneous nanoparticles with sizes smaller than 130 nm, and high z-potential, which confers a great stability to nanoparticle systems. On the other side, nanoparticles coated with Kollicoat MAE® 100P combined with plasticizer exhibit a hard and flexible shell, with excellent thermal stability up to 60 °C that dissolve at pH above 5.5. Conclusion: Kollicoat MAE® 100P ris a viable, low-cost, and multifunctional alternative for nanoparticle preparation, however, more studies are needed to develop enhanced nanoparticles with better performances.
Obtención y evaluación de matrices hidrofílicas para liberación prolongada de metformina
Authors: García Guzmán Perla , Calderón Rodríguez Gabriela , Ortega Almanza Leticia , Vázquez Ramírez María Luisa , Schifter Aceves Liliana
Published: May 2023

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus es un desorden metabólico con alta incidencia a nivel mundial, sin embargo, el tratamiento con tabletas de liberación convencional conlleva la presencia de efectos adversos, así como dosis altas y repetidas. Las formas farmacéuticas de liberación modificada, mejoran el desempeño de los fármacos y el apego a la terapia por parte de los pacientes, por eso son una alternativa útil en el tratamiento de la diabetes. Objetivo: fabricar y evaluarmatrices hidrofílicas de clorhidrato de metformina empleando proporciones bajas de HPMC con alta viscosidad, para la obtención de comprimidos, que cumplan con los criterios de liberación prolongada de la Farmacopea de los Estados Unidos de América (USP). Métodos:se fabricaron comprimidos mediante granulación vía húmeda y se caracterizaron mediante diversas pruebas farmacopeicas incluyendo estudios de liberación in vitro, con lo que se estudió el mecanismo de liberación mediante el ajuste a modelos matemáticos de Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas y Hixson-Crowell. Resultados: la formulación F2 cumplió con las pruebas de calidad farmacopeicas y cumplió con los criterios de aceptación para liberación prolongada USP, mediante difusión tipo Fick. Conclusiones: se obtuvieron matrices hidrofílicas para liberación modificada de metformina, empleando proporciones bajas de HPMC como posible plataforma para nuevas formulaciones en el tratamiento de la diabetes.
Evaluation of the antifungal activity and mode of action of citral against Cladophialophora carrionii.
Authors: De Menezes Camilla , Perez Ana , Sousa Janiere , Ramos Katharina , Diniz-Neto Hermes , Oliveira-Filho Abrahão , Lima Edeltrudes
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Cladophialophora carrionii is one of the most frequent etiologic agents of human chromoblastomycosis, a chronic cutaneous disease. Such fungal infections are difficult to treat and underlines the need for new antifungal agents. Citral is a monoterpene with known pharmacological properties, including antimi-crobial activity. Aims: To investigate the antifungal activity of citral against strains of C. carrionii. Methodology: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by broth microdilution techniques. Citral was tested to evaluate its effects on C. carrionii mycelia growth and germination of fungal conidia. Next, it was investigated the possible citral action on cell walls (sorbitol assay) and cell membranes (ergosterol binding assay). Results: The MIC50 and MFC50 of citral were respectively 128 μg/mL and 512 μg/mL. The study shows that citral displayed in vitro antifungal potential against strains of C. carrionii, where it was capable of inhibiting both its mycelial growth and germination of conidia for this fungus, whilst affecting the structure of fungal cell membranes. Citral’s mechanism of action involves binding to ergosterol. Further study is needed to completely describe its effects before clinical use as a therapeutic antifungal agent.
Determination of phenolic bioactive compounds and evaluation of the antioxidant and hemolytic activities in the methanolic extracts of Tradescantia zebrina
Authors: Da Silva Vagner Cardoso , Magalhães Bárbara Elizabeth Alves de , Magalhães Tatiana Barbosa dos Santos , Guimarães Elisalva Teixeira , Guedes Alessandra da Silva , Mota Milleno Dantas , Dos Santos Walter Nei Lopes , Cerqueira Bruno Antonio Veloso , Santos Júnior Aníbal de Freitas
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Tradescantia zebrina is a species used mainly in South America, with few reports about its chemical composition and bioactivity. Aim: To determine phenolic bioactive compounds, for the first time in the literature, and the antioxidant and hemolytic activities of extracts (dried and in natura) of this species. Methods: The extracts were obtained by maceration in methanol and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were expressed in mg equivalent of gallic acid (EAG)/g and quercetin (EQ) of extract, respectively. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical capture methods. The identification and quantification of phenolic bioactive compounds was performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode detector (HPLC-DAD) and, the hemolytic activity assay was performed by diffusion in blood agar, using the disk antiobiogram technique. Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extracts (in natura and dried) were 67.68 and 233.94 mg EAG/g and 29.70 and 10.99 mg EQ/g of concentrated extract, respectively. Phenolic acids (caffeic, ellagic, ferulic, ρ-coumaric and protocatechuic), flavonoids (chrysin and rutin) and a phenolic aldehyde (vanillin) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diodearray detector (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant activities were confirmed by inhibition of DPPH• (44.08%) and ABTS•+ (46.99%) radicals for in natura samples, respectively. Conclusion: The tested methanolic extracts of Tradescantia zebrina did not present toxicities when tested for hemolytic activity after 72 hours. Therefore, Tradescantia zebrina is a potential source of bioactive substances