bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Antiproliferative Effects of α-Mangostin Extracted from the Pericarp of the Mangosteen Fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.) on Rat C6 Glioma Cells
Authors: Do Huyen Thi , Nguyen Anh Kim , Nguyen Nhung Huyen , Dao Anh Thi Mai , Nghiem Lien Thi Ha , Nguyen Tru , Nguyen Linh Khanh , Ly Thuy Thi Bich , Le Duong Thi Thuy
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of α-mangostin, a xanthone present in the pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), on C6 glioma cells, an in vitro model for glioblastoma.
Methods: The study was conducted using an in vitro model with C6 glioma cells. The antioxidant activity of α-mangostin was measured using the IC50 value for DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTS assay. DNA fragmentation analysis was performed to determine DNA damage in C6 cells. Additionally, changes in mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential in C6 cells upon exposure to α-mangostin were evaluated using mitochondrial fluorescence staining and membrane potential measurement.
Results: The results showed that the antioxidant activity of α-mangostin increased in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value for DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 67.55 ± 0.91 μg/mL. The proliferation of C6 cells decreased as the concentration of α-mangostin increased, demonstrating cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 6.57 ± 0.199 μg/mL. α-mangostin also induced DNA damage in C6 cells, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation analysis. Furthermore, α-mangostin from mangosteen pericarp altered mitochondrial function and morphology in C6 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.
Conclusion:α-mangostin extracted from mangosteen pericarp exhibited significant effects on C6 glioma cells. This study underscores the promising preclinical potential of α-mangostin as a multitarget therapeutic agent in the treatment of glioma.
Study protocol: A cluster randomized trial to assess the effectiveness of comprehensive school meal nutrition standards on the diet quality of Cambodian schoolchildren (Version 2; May 2024)
Authors: Vargas Melissa , Brouwer Inge D. , Kuijsten Anneleen , Doura Michele , Kroeun Hou , Rem Ngik , Gupta Aman Sen , Sre Sambo , Felix Jyoti , Chan Dara , Cook Giles Hanley , Hachem Fatima
Published: September 2024

Background: Poor diets compromise the health and physical and cognitive development of children. In Cambodia, schoolchildren’s diets are characterized by low intakes of fruits and legumes and high intakes of energy-dense, micronutrient poor snacks. Intakes of vitamin A, calcium and iron are also often below requirements. At present, the national school meal programme is being transitioned to full government ownership, presenting a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of comprehensive school meal nutrition standards on the diet quality of Cambodian schoolchildren.
Methods and analysis: Mixed-methods cluster randomized controlled trial with a closed cohort design. Forty schools, including 20 children per school, have been allocated 1:1 to control and intervention arms using a covariate constrained randomization. Schools allocated to intervention will provide school meals complying with the nutrition standards and a complementary food education package, while control schools will continue serving their regular school meals without modification. Dietary intake among schoolchildren will be assessed using quantitative 24-hour recalls, with a second non-consecutive recall among a subsample and weighed food records of the school meals. Baseline data were collected from March-June 2023 and endline data will be collected in August-September 2024.
Primary outcomes are the intervention effect on usual intakes of fruits, vegetables, animal-source foods, and snack foods rich in salt, sugar and fat. Secondary outcomes include differences in usual energy, protein and micronutrient intakes and usual intakes of key food groups from the home diet across trial arms. Meal acceptability and implementation fidelity will also be assessed.
Purposive sampling of schools will be employed for the qualitative assessment of implementation barriers and enablers in intervention schools.
Mixed effects linear regression models will be fitted for the continuous outcomes, to estimate the mean difference across trial arms. Models will be adjusted for the baseline value of the outcome of interest and predictors, and include a random intercept for school.
Discussion: This study will investigate if school meals compliant with comprehensive, context-specific nutrition standards have better results on diet quality than regular school meals that are planned based on budget constraints. The results of the trial can have implications on the review and uptake of the proposed nutrition standards at the national level.
Trial registration: ISRCTN79659112. Registration date: 30 October 2023
Dual-Fuctionality Op-Amp Circuit for Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectification
Authors: Kumaresan Sudarshan , Upadhyay Pravesh , Patil Shital
Published: September 2024

The paper on Dual-functionality op-amp circuit for half-wave and full-wave rectification introduces a novel design for a dual-functionality operational amplifier (op-amp) circuit using the IC741, capable of performing both half-wave and full-wave rectification without the need to modify the circuit components. The innovative aspect of this design lies in its ability to switch between rectification modes simply by adjusting a single feedback resistor, thus eliminating the need for additional or alternative components. The circuit harnesses the versatile properties of the IC741 to achieve this flexibility, presenting a cost-effective and space-efficient solution for applications requiring rectification. Detailed analysis and experimental validation demonstrate that the proposed circuit maintains excellent performance and reliability in both rectification modes. This dual-functionality approach opens up new possibilities for multi-purpose signal processing in compact electronic systems.
Comparative Assessment of Physics-Based In Silico Methods to Calculate Relative Solubilities
Authors: Suarez Adiran Garaizar , Göller Andreas H. , Beck Michael E. , Kashef Sadra Ol Gheta , Meier Katharina
Published: September 2024

Relative solubilities, i.e. whether a given molecule is more soluble in one solvent compared to others, is a critical parameter for pharmaceutical and agricultural formulation development and chemical synthesis, material science, and environmental chemistry. In silico predictions of this crucial variable can help reducing experiments, waste of solvents and synthesis optimization. In this study, we evaluate the performance of different physics-based methods for predicting relative solubilities. Our assessment involves quantum mechanics-based COSMO-RS and molecular dynamics-based free energy methods using OPLS4, the open-source openFF Sage, and GAFF force fields, spanning over 200 solvent-solute combinations. Our investigation highlights the important role of compound multimerization, an effect which must be accounted for to obtain accurate relative solubility predictions. The performance landscape of these methods is varied, with significant differences in precision depending on both the method used and the solute considered, thereby offering an improved understanding of the predictive power of physics-based methods in chemical research.
Diversity and co-occurrence patterns of soil bacterial and fungal communities in two morels
Authors: Li Xue , Fu Tianhong , Wang Yuqian , Li Wendi , Tang Ling , Chen Bo , Yang Rende , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Yujin , Zhang Bangxi
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the influence of different morels growth on soil properties, microbial communities, and cultivation outcomes. Through comprehensive analysis, we found that M. sextelata and M. septimelata significantly affect soil physical and chemical properties, including pH and effective content of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K). While both species exhibit similar effects on soil nutrient enhancement, M. sextelata displays superior pH reduction and disease resistance. Microbial community analysis revealed significant differences between M. sextelataand M. septimelata, with M. sextelatashowing a higher abundance of certain bacterial taxa, indicating resilience to environmental stress. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrates the complexity of microbial interactions, with M. sextelata exhibiting a more intricate network. Moreover, soil phosphorus levels play a crucial role in shaping fungal community structure. Understanding these intricate relationships is vital for effective morel cultivation and ecosystem management strategies.
Elucidation of Therapeutic Mechanism of Lipopeptide Iturin A from Bacillus aryabhattai on Lung Cancer Through Integration of Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and In Vitro Analysis
Authors: Yaraguppi Deepak A. , Bagewadi Zabin K. , Parsanth DSNBK , Madalgi Radhika K. , Mantri Nitin
Published: September 2024

This study used network pharmacology to evaluate iturin A's mechanism of action on lung cancer. Iturin action targets were gathered using the Swiss Target Prediction and PubChem databases. The Gene Cards database was utilised to gather pertinent target sets for lung cancer, and the drug-disease target intersection was identified as a possible site of iturin activity in lungcancer. Using a target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network constructed with the STRING database, topological network analysis was used to identify the primary target genes of iturin A in lung cancer. Subsequently, Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to import the data. The Shiny database was used to analyse the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment. Three common targets between lung cancer and iturin A were identified through target intersection. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PIK3CA) may be the primary target of iturin activity on lung cancer, according to the PPI map and topological study. According to molecular docking experiments, iturin A had the highest binding affinity to the target. Later, the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase complexed with Iturin A underwent a 200 ns molecular dynamics simulation within a physiological environment. The results illustrated that the ligand maintained a relatively constant shape throughout the simulation. Iturin A was used to treat human lung cancer A549 cells, and the results of the MTT test demonstrated inhibitory action with an IC50 value of 7.73 µM. This allowed for an assessment of the cell's viability. These findings validated iturin-A as an anticancer agent. The combined insights from our network analysis, in-silico tests, and in vitro analyses collectively underscore the potential efficacy of Iturin A in fighting lung cancer.
The PulE ATPase is required for twitching motility and DNA donation during Thermus thermophilus transjugation
Authors: Esteban Alba Blesa , Sánchez-Costa Mercedes , Carlos José Berenguer
Published: September 2024

Thermus thermophilus can acquire DNA through natural competence and through transjugation, a mechanism that involves a two-step process of DNA secretion (push) and DNA internalization (pull) between mating cells of related species. The natural competence apparatus (NCA) is required in the recipient mate for the pull step. However, how the DNA gets out of the donor cell is only partially known. The putative DNA translocase TdtA, encoded in mobile genetic element ICETh1 of T. thermophilus HB27, was shown to be required for DNA donation (Blesa et al. 2017a). This ring-shaped hexameric ATPase binds to the membrane and likely interacts with yet unknown secretory components that allow the extrusion of DNA through the membrane, so a genetic screening to identify additional putative secretory components was executed. Here, we describe that mutants in gene TT_C1844, encoding a putative AAA-ATPase thereafter named PulE, do not synthesize the recently described “narrow” type 4 pili required for twitching motility and made of major PilA5 pilin. Concomitantly, pulE mutants were also defective in DNA dotation during transjugation, suggesting a role of narrow pili in the donation process. However, single pilA5 null mutants were still functional as DNA donors in transjugation experiments, so we conclude that the need for PulE in transjugation is independent from its role in narrow pili synthesis and twitching motility.
Weighted Link Prediction Improvement using Community Detections Algorithms
Authors: Burhani Zabihullah , Sulaimany Sadegh , Dibaji Abolfazl
Published: September 2024

Link prediction, which aims to estimate missing or future connections in networks, is an important problem with a wide range of applications. Traditional similarity-based link prediction methods exploit local structural features but fail to capture community structures. This paper proposes a weighted link prediction method that incorporates community detection algorithms for computing the proposed methods. Four real-world weighted networks from different domains are analyzed using three established community detection algorithms - Louvain, Girvan-Newman, and ALPA. The identified community structures are then utilized to augment five traditional weighted link prediction methods - WCN, WPA, WAA, WJC, and WRA. Experimental results on the four networks show that the proposed community-informed link prediction approach significantly outperforms the baseline methods, achieving improvements in AUC ranging from 0.32–13.62%. Further analysis indicates that the performance boost depends on the network topology, community structure, and properties of different prediction algorithms. This work demonstrates the importance of leveraging global network structures beyond local features for more accurate link prediction, especially in sparse and scale-free networks. The proposed methods can help advance and apply link prediction across complex networked systems.
Maternal weight during pregnancy and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in offspring
Authors: Fallah Mahdi , Liu Jiaye , Kharazmi Elham , Liang Qunfeng , Chen Yafei , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: September 2024

Maternal exposures during pregnancy are critical for leukemogenesis in offspring since childhood leukemia often originates in utero. We conducted a population-based cohort study in Sweden to investigate the association between the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in offspring and maternal anthropometrics during pregnancy, including gestational weight gain (GWG) and maternal weight and body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and before delivery. A total of 2 964 813 live-born singletons during 1983–2018 were included and followed from birth to ALL diagnosis, age 18, or 2018. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare the risk of ALL in different exposed groups. 1 446 children were diagnosed with ALL, of whom 55.3% were boys. We observed an increased risk of ALL among daughters of overweight/obese mothers in early pregnancy (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; SIR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.6) compared with the risk in daughters of mothers with a normal BMI. This association was not found in sons (SIR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.1). Similar results were found for the association between ALL and maternal BMI before delivery. We did not find an association between low or high GWG and risk of ALL (both SIRs = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.1) in either male or female offspring. Our findings suggest that maternal overweight or obesity is an important risk factor for childhood ALL in daughters, whereas GWG is not associated with an increased risk of ALL. Further research on this mother-daughter association may shed light on a possible sex hormone/chromosome-related etiology of ALL.
Preparation of hard carbon from acid-treated locust wood as anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Huo Junjie , Li Chuanyang , Xia Peng , Fan Na , Mao Wutao , Bao Keyan
Published: September 2024

Currently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are favored by scientific researchers because of their abundance, low cost, and high safety. Furthermore, hard carbon has a low voltage plateau and a high sodium storage capacity when used as the anode material in SIBs. Given its affordability and variety of sources, biomass hard carbon has gained interest. However, the low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of biomass hard carbon significantly hinders its development. Therefore, waste biomass locust wood was utilized to produce hard carbon at various carbonization temperatures. The wood was treated with 6M HCl before carbonization, so as to look into how acid treatment affects the microstructure of carbon materials and how that affects their electrochemical characteristics. The experimental results proved that the HCl-pretreated hard carbon could increase the carbon layer spacing, increase more surface active sites that favor Na+ storage, and decrease the specific surface area. HC-1500 and HHC-1500 possessed a first lap charge specific capacity of 319.6 mAh/g and 382.3 mAh/g, respectively, with an increase in the a first-circle coulombic efficiency (ICE) from 62% to 67%, and also had a significant improvement in the cycling performance. Therefore, treating waste biomass with hydrochloric acid is a direct and effective method to modify hard carbon and improve its electrochemical performance.
Oral health-related quality of life in children attending the pain service at the University Dental Clinic Vienna at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
Authors: Ibraheem Ali Al , Dürsch Clara , Bekes Katrin
Published: September 2024

Oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) has become increasingly significant in dentistry. This study examines OHRQoL during the early COVID-19 pandemic in children aged 0–10 who visited the Emergency Unit of the Department of Paediatric Dentistry in Vienna from March to May 2020, focusing on the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on various social and health aspects. Objectives: The study aimed to assess OHRQoL in children during early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic and correlate it with other health and social conditions. Material & Methods: Children (up to 10 years) and their parents visiting the Emergency unit of the Department completed OHRQoL questionnaires. In children aged 0–6, their parents answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale questionnaire (ECOHIS), while 7-10-year-olds completed the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) by themselves. Summary scores and associations between oral and general health subdomains were analyzed. Results: Both the ECOHIS and CPQ groups showed high general summary scores, indicating decreased OHRQoL (ECOHIS 12.22 [± 8.68] and CPQ 18.36 [± 12.35]). The highest scores were in the "oral symptoms" domain, mainly due to "toothache." Significant correlations were observed between "general health" and "oral health" with the "family section" in the ECOHIS group, and between "oral health" and "oral symptoms" and "emotional well-being" in the CPQ group. Conclusions: During the pandemic, both age groups experienced decreased OHRQoL. Family background influenced oral health (ECOHIS), while oral symptoms and emotional well-being correlated with oral health (CPQ). Further research is needed to understand pandemic-related factors affecting OHRQoL and develop preventive strategies.
Rogue wave formation in the Agulhas current
Authors: PONS D. J.
Published: September 2024

Context: Harmonic summation and amplification by winds blowing contrary to currents are known contributions to rogue waves, but the causes of the observed wave steepness, asymmetric form, and non-breaking are poorly understood. The potential effect of bathymetric and meteorological features has not been addressed.
Method: Vortex theory was applied qualitatively to the weather and ocean conditions of the Agulhas region.
Results: Rogue wave formation is attributed to: (1) Wind lee vortices cause steepening of wave leeward face, and suppresses wave breaking. (2) Boundary layer vortices from the meteorological cold front transfer energy to the wind lee vortices thereby enhancing their wave sharpening effect. (3) Agulhas current boundary layer vortices interact with water lee vortices to accelerate a jet of water between them, thereby steepening the wave and enhancing the preceding trough. (4) Bathymetric topology, especially a canyon on the continental slope, generates a vortex in the Agulhas current. This vortex is detached from the canyon by prising of the coastal downwelling current (induced by the meteorological cold front), and combines with the water lee vortex to heighten the wave. (5) Jetting arises when the canyon vortex and the Agulhas current boundary layer vortices pass each other, thereby accentuating wave height, steepness, and asymmetry.
Conclusions: The novel contribution is the provision of a mechanism for rogue wave formation, using vortex theory, that conceptually integrates wave formation, Agulhas sea currents, bathymetric features including submarine canyons, and meteorological cold front weather systems.
Investigating Resilience Indicators of Urban Areas Against Earthquakes (case study: Qom City)
Authors: Vaseghi Zahra , Dehkordi Morteza Raissi , Amiri Gholamreza Ghodrati , Seilany Arian , Eghbali Mahdi
Published: September 2024

The primary purpose of this article is to measure urban resilience in earthquake-prone areas of Qom. The concept of resilience, its approaches, the selection of indicators, the description of the evaluation method for weighting the indicators, and the Implementation of the urban resilience index are presented. Atrachli's proposed model is based on resilience indicators, considering the city as a complex system with interacting parts. Urban resilience indicators quantitatively express the level of resilience. After developing the resilience index system, the presented indices were weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This model was then implemented in the city of Qom, where the value of each index in the 3rd and 4th regions was determined based on a 5-step scale. Finally, using the suggested relationships, the overall level of urban resilience was calculated. The final urban resilience levels in Qom were estimated to be 0.29 for Area 3, and 0.39 for Area 4. In addition, experts' opinions were analyzed to determine their differences and impact on urban resilience. During the implementation of Atrachli's model in the selected regions, it was observed that Region 3 has buildings with high Vulnerability, narrow passages, and difficult access. Urban infrastructures are weak and vulnerable, residents are indifferent to building safety, and many structures are built without considering seismic and engineering regulations. The literacy and cultural levels could be higher than in Region 4, and people need to be trained against hazards and emergency responses. The results show that the width of the streets and main roads, the density, and the ratio of the height of the buildings to the width of the roads are important. location of the governorate's crisis management and the region's municipal building is also essential. A significant issue is that over 50% of the area's fabric is ineffective and worn out. The welfare level is average to low, contributing to the construction of weak houses. However, the area benefits from well-located hospitals, clinics, and fire stations.
Successful Pregnancy and Delivery After Detection of a Super Early Window of Implantation with Endometrial Receptivity Analysis (ERA), A Case report.
Authors: Fujiki Hiromi , Nonaka Momoka , Sato Nanako , Sugita Atsuko , Murata Tomoko , Murata Yasutaka
Published: September 2024

Background: This is the first reported case of the world's shortest implantation window, where a blastocyst was transferred onto the endometrium during an extremely early implantation window identified by ERA, resulting in a successful pregnancy and birth.
Case presentation: A 35-year-old nulligravida, nullipara presented with a history of 10 failed timed intercourse cycles and 4 unsuccessful intrauterine inseminations (IUIs). The patient exhibited ovulatory dysfunction, irregular menstruation, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Despite initial ovarian stimulation and the retrieval of good-quality blastocysts, repeated embryo transfer attempts were either canceled due to inadequate endometrial thickness or resulted in implantation failure. Consequently, an Endometrial Receptivity Analysis (ERA) was performed. Persistent ERA tests following repeated post-receptive results ultimately led to the detection of an unusually early window of implantation, occurring just 67 hours after progesterone exposure. ERA-guided embryo transfers enabled implantation, but repeated attempts resulted in miscarriage, chemical pregnancy, or failure to implant. After additional oocyte retrieval and 11 embryo transfer attempts, the patient ultimately achieved a successful pregnancy and delivered a healthy baby at term.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this case presents the earliest documented window of implantation with a subsequent live birth. It underscores the existence of scenarios where the timing of implantation may occur at unexpected intervals, significantly deviating from expectations based on prior knowledge and clinical experience. This case further highlights the importance and practical value of ERA in managing such cases.
Suicidal Behavior among Forensic Patients in Japan: Risk Factors and Implications for Treatment
Authors: Matsunaga Shota , Ando Kumiko
Published: September 2024

Purpose In Japan, the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act (MTSA) was enacted in 2005 to provide intensive interventions for forensic patients. Despite this, these individuals face considerable challenges with social reintegration and exhibit a higher suicide risk. Consequently, identifying risk factors for suicide among forensic patients is crucial. Despite the clear need, few studies have examined these risk factors in Japan.
Methods We compiled a near-comprehensive database covering 12 years of data on Japanese forensic outpatients. Using a generalized linear model (GLM), we investigated the relationship between suicidal behavior—including both attempted and completed suicides—and several variables. These variables included the outpatient pathway as defined by the law, psychiatric outpatient/inpatient treatment history, diagnoses of schizophrenia or mood disorder, type of crime committed, and type of victim involved.
Results Our analysis included data from 2,263 Japanese forensic outpatients. We observed suicidal behaviors in 6.9% of these patients, with 1.5% completing suicide. Risk factors for suicidal behavior included being a direct outpatient (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–2.34), having a history of outpatient treatment (OR = 1.92, 95 %CI: 1.07–3.48), and being arrested for arson (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.33–3.76). Conversely, a diagnosis of schizophrenia was linked to a decreased risk of suicidal behavior (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95).
Conclusion Given that forensic patients are at a higher risk of suicide compared to the general population, it is imperative to consider risk and protective factors when intervening with these individuals.
Engineering a broad-spectrum vaccine to combat emerging monkeypox virus via immunoinformatic approaches
Authors: Puagsopa Japigorn , Lohasupthawee Pana , Jumpalee Panuwid , Sutjaritvorakul Thanawat , Meksiriporn Bunyarit
Published: September 2024

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has caused 41,664 confirmed cases and five deaths in nonendemic regions, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). There is an urgent demand for effective vaccines to combat and prevent the spread of MPXV. Traditional vaccine development is low-throughput, expensive, time-consuming, and susceptible to reversion to virulence. As an alternative, a reverse vaccination approach could be used as a promising tool for designing effective and safe vaccines against MPXV. Here, the associations of MPXV proteins with viral infection were analyzed for potential immunogenic epitopes to design multi-epitope vaccine constructs based on B cell, CD4+, and CD8+ epitopes. Epitopes were selected based on allergenicity, antigenicity, and toxicity parameters. The prioritized epitopes were then combined via peptide linkers and N-terminally fused to various protein adjuvants, including PADRE, beta-defensin 3, 50S ribosomal protein L7/12, RS-09, and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). All the vaccine constructs were further computationally validated for their physicochemical properties, antigenicity potential, allergenicity, safety, solubility, and structural stability. The three-dimensional structure of the selected construct was also predicted. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations between the vaccine and the TLR-4 immune receptor demonstrated a strong and stable interaction. The vaccine construct was codon-optimized for high expression in the E. coli platform and was ultimately cloned in silico into the pET21a(+) vector. Collectively, these results could lead to the use of innovative tools for vaccine formulation against MPXV and for the treatment of other infectious diseases.
Growth and Flowering Response of Lagurus (Lagurus ovatus L.) to Ascophyllum nodosum Extract Based Biostimulant and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Application
Authors: Manhas Ritika , Singh Arvinder , Laishram Nomita
Published: September 2024

Lagurus (Lagurus ovatus L.) is an important ornamental annual grass with fluffy flower heads which are in high demand in dry flower industry. The stems of lagurus are frequently used in floral arrangements and dried flower crafts. The utility of this flower in the dry flower industry cannot be underrated. Despite the huge demand for this flower, the economic returns obtained from its sale are comparatively low which is mainly due to the production of short stems and smaller heads that fetch low prices in the market. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken with the key objectives of assessing the influence of different levels of seaweed extract containing Ascophyllum nodosum (control, 2ml L-1 and 4ml L-1) and GA3 (control, 150 ppm, 250 ppm, 350 ppm and 450 ppm) on the growth and flowering of gurus. The seaweed extract was applied as drench and was applied as foliar spray. A higher dose (4ml L-1) of seaweed extract performed superior in terms of plant spread, number of leaves, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, leaf area, chlorophyll content at 30,60 and 90 days after transplanting, days taken to flower bud initiation, days to flowering, number of inflorescences per plant, flower head length, weight of root, weight of shoot and root: shoot ratio and root length. On the contrary highest plant height and stem length was recorded without any seaweed extract and 450 ppm GA3 produced maximum plant height, plant spread, number of leaves, flag leaf length, leaf area, chlorophyll content at 30,60 and 90 days after transplanting, days to first flower bud initiation and days to flowering, number of inflorescences per plant, flower head length, stem length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root length. However, GA3 application of @ 350 ppm resulted in the highest root dry weight and root: shoot ratio while maximum flag leaf width (1.21 cm), root fresh weight was found with GA3@ 250 ppm. An increase in GA3 dose resulted in a linear increase in growth and flowering parameters.
The impact of cancer diagnosis on employment status in a working population
Authors: Palizgir A. , Khodakarim N. , Mohammadi S. , Rezaei F. , Hosseininejad M.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the status of return to work and the influencing factors in patients with common cancers referring to three medical centers during the years 2020 to 2022. Material and Methods. In the present study (a retrospective cohort), all patients who visited three medical centers during the years 2020–2022 and were diagnosed with common cancers (non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, gastrointestinal cancers and sarcoma), were included in the study. Work ability index (WAI) was assessed based on selected questions from the WAI questionnaire. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess depression and anxiety, and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) was used to assess the level of fatigue. Then, the data obtained from individuals who returned to work were compared with those who did not return. Results. Out of 750 eligible patients, 135 individuals were enrolled in the study. 114 patients were male (84.4 %). The mean age of individuals was 50.2 ± 10.4 years. The most of individuals were diagnosed with gastric cancer (n=66, 48.9 %). After treatment, 36 (26.7 %) individuals returned to work, with the majority (24 individuals: 66.6 %) reporting a decrease in physical ability to do work. Sixty-six (73.3 %) patients did not return to work, with the most common reason being physical inability to work in 60 (66.6 %) individuals. Higher quality of life score was reported in individuals who returned to work. Conclusion. The rate of return to work was approximately 27 %. The return to work rate was highest among individuals with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and lowest among individuals with oesophageal cancer and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The most influential factors affecting the return to work include disease recurrence and quality of life.
Successful surgical treatment of metachronous carcinoma of the appulla of Vater and ductal carcinoma of the distal parts of the pancreas
Authors: Afanasyev S. G. , Azovsky D. I. , Ronin Y. S. , Volkov M. Yu. , Avgustinovich A. V. , Bezgodova N. V. , Cheremisina O. V. , Ermolenko R. V. , Frolova I. G.
Published: September 2024

Background. Currently, there is a steady trend towards an increase in the incidence of both synchronous and metachronous multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMT). However, metachronous polyneoplasia of the pancreatobiliary tract is relatively rare, and there have been very few reports on successful treatment of this malignancy. Case presentation. In September 2014, the patient K. was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (T2N0M0, stage Ib) and underwent gastropancreatoduodenal resection with the creation of pancreatic-gastric anastomosis at the Abdominal Department of Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center. There were no complications in the postoperative period. At a 6.5-year followup, no evidence of disease progression was found. In April 2021, a follow-up examination conducted at the Cancer Research Institute revealed a large lesion on the distal part of the pancreatic stump with no clinically significant manifestations. Diagnosis of MPMT was confirmed by transgastric endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed undifferentiated ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. Considering the metachronous tumor localization, pancreatic stump extirpation with resection of the posterior wall of the stomach and splenectomy was performed. No complications occurred in the postoperative period. The patient received replacement therapy for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and individual correction of carbohydrate metabolism. At a 15-month follow-up, liver metastases were detected, and palliative chemotherapy was administered. The patient died 6 months later due to disease progression. The survival time was 99 months after the first surgery and 21 months after the second surgery. Conclusion. We report a rare case of metachronous cancers of the ampulla of Vater and pancreatic stump developed with an interval of 6.5 years. The patient underwent successful curative resections consecutively. The overall survival time from the date of diagnosis was 99 months.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN PRETERM NEWBORNS ADMITTED WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN NICU: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Second Year Post Graduate, Department of Paediatrics, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Devanahalli., Nayka Gopi , Nirmal Nissy ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Devanahalli., S. Srinivasa ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Paediatrics, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Devanahalli.
Published: September 2024

Background:Respiratory distress is one of the most common cause of newborns admitting to NICUs. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the epidemiological profile of preterm neonates with respiratory distress in the NICU. It was carried out from August 2023 to July 2024 at Akash institute of medical sciences and research centre, Devanahalli, Bengaluru Rural. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 42 neonates under the age of 28 days. Respiratory distress was diagnosed using specific criteria, and detailed clinical assessments were performed to confirm the aetiology. Data on demographics, risk factors, and therapeutic modalities were collected and analysed using SPSS version 25. Results: A total number of 81 neonates are admitted in NICU for respiratory distress, 42 cases were preterm. In those preterm ,late preterm babies 33(79%) had respiratory distress, followed by moderate preterm 5(12%). Males, 23(54.76%) were more prone for respiratory distress compared to females, 19 (45.24%). LSCS ,34 (80.95%)was the major cause for respiratory distress. All cases required oxygen supportbut oxygen prongs was given to 23(54.76%) cases, CPAP was given to 16 (38.05%) cases, 3(7.14%) were mechanically ventilated. Low birth weight infants,24(57%) weremore prone for respiratory distress compared to very low birth weight 11(26%) and extreme low birth weight infants 1 (3%). 15 (35.71%) cases were not having any risk factors but 9 (21.42%) had PIH. TTNB, in 19(45.23%) cases was the most common aetiology for causing respiratory distress. Conclusion: This study underscores the necessity for heightened awareness and specialized care protocols for preterm neonates, particularly those born via LSCS and those with low birth weight, to mitigate the risks and improve outcomes associated with respiratory distress.
KAZUO ISHIGURO: THE INTERNATIONAL AS A THIRD SPACE
Authors:   The Faculty of Letters and Humanities Sultan Moulay Slimane University Beni Mellal, Morocco., Essafir PhD Hind
Published: September 2024

This article envisagesIshigurian fiction as a site of compromise wherelinguistic and non-linguistic ingredients are mobilized to engage with the international bookmarket and its exigencies. This paper, thus, addresses Ishiguros texts as commodities, and sets out to uncover the complex and intricate processes whereby the authornegotiateshis status as a language migrant, cognizant of the aestheticdilemmas inherent in World Literature as well as of the stakes involved in writing for a global audience. It will similarly undertake to interrogate the ambivalent position of Ishiguro as a Japanese-bornBriton, and to explore the way otherness translates in hisworks, while coping with the tensions inherent in hisbicultural profile itfurther examines the motivations of the Western prize machinery in establishing Ishiguro as a literarymegastar through the authentification of his oeuvre with a strinkingly lavish over-awardedness.Concurrently, it seeks to probe the hijacking of the majority- if not the totality- of his works by the mighty movie industry which perfecty and faithfully encapsulates the essence of capitalist consumerism. This recuperation inevitably calls into scrutiny the very nature and substance of Ishiguros fiction, besides interpellating us to the canibalizing tendencies of the entertainment business in the West, while at the same time problematizingIshiguros stancecaughtbetween marketability imperatives, audience expectations and authorial integrity.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING & EFFECT OF INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS, URBAN MAHABUBNAGAR, TELANGANA
Authors: Rani Chadalawada Usha , Veleshala Jyothi , Makam Chandralekha , T.S Arya , Arubam Beegita
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Internet addiction is when a person has a compulsive need to spend a great deal of time on the internet to the point where other areas of life are allowed to suffer.2The vulnerability of adolescence might result in some addictive behaviors and the internet is one among them.4, so it is important to recognize the factors influencing and effect of internet addiction among adolescents. Methodology: A Cross-sectional study was conducted in the Urban field practicing area of Government Medical College, Mahbubnagar among 150 students studying in 8th, 9th, 10th standards, Intermediate and Degree.Data was collected using pre-tested semi structured questionnaire, and analyzed using MS Excel. Results: Among the study participants, easy accessibility to internet is the most common factor influencing internet addiction followed by having own electronic gadget, having own social media account. Among many effects of Internet addiction, sleep disturbance is most significant followed by drop in academic performance. Conclusion: Present study conclude that majority of the study population are addicted to internet which is found to have a powerful impact on adolescents physical and mental health. Potential factors influencing Internet addiction are easy access, having own social media account.
Reflexões sobre a construção do patrimônio ferroviário pela perspectiva da memória e da linguagem
Authors: Peters Grasiéle Aparecida da Costa Ferreira
Published: September 2024

Este ensaio busca problematizar as possibilidades e/ou contribuições da memória e da linguagem na construção do patrimônio ferroviário , na região do Contestado, em Santa Catarina (SC). A elaboração deste texto suscitou inquietações por meio das leituras de Reinhart Koselleck (2014), em sua obra Estratos do tempo, leituras essas que serviram como ponto de partida para reflexões estruturadas em quatro pontos: (1) vestígios de experiências; (2) experiências que transcendem, com base em Reinhart Koselleck (2014); (3) espaços de recordação, conforme proposto por Aleida Assmann (2011); (4) o poder do patrimônio, consoante Dominique Poulot(2009).
Some Highly Potent Nepalese Medicinal Plants with Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Khanal Asmita , Shrestha Sabina , Adhikari Rameshwar
Published: September 2024

:

In recent years, microbial infections have emerged as a serious global health problem, necessitating
the search for novel and effective treatments. Medicinal plants contain phytochemicals that can be used to prevent
and treat various infections. Traditional medicinal practices have long relied on the healing properties of
herbs, and Nepal is particularly rich in this knowledge. Bioactive compounds found in plants possess antibacterial,
antifungal, and antiviral properties, making them a valuable resource for the fight against microbial infections.
This review focuses on three medicinal plants native to Nepal, Amomum subulatum, Cymbopogon
jwarancusa, and Cinnamomum glaucescens, which contain potent antimicrobial phytochemicals. The traditional
uses, bioactive components, and biological activities of these plants are discussed, providing valuable insights
into their potential as natural remedies to combat microbial infections.
Hydrazides: An Important Tool for the Synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole
Authors: Tripathi Shrishti , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Kukreti Neelima , Kumar Arvind , Singh Gurvinder
Published: September 2024

Hydrazides, derivatives of hydrazine, are widely used in pharmaceuticals, polymers,
dyes, herbicides, and as chemical preservatives. A notable application is in synthesizing
1,3,4-oxadiazole, an important aromatic compound with a five-membered heterocyclic
ring containing two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Among the four oxadiazole isomers,
1,3,4-oxadiazole is the most significant, used in drug discovery, pharmaceuticals, and
dyes. It is synthesized from various substituted hydrazides or hydrazones using reagents
like copper, cobalt, cerium, phosphorus oxychloride, mercury oxide, potassium iodide, triflic
anhydride, and carbon disulfide. This study reviews the synthesis methods of 1,3,4-
oxadiazole, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of different catalysts and conditions,
providing useful insights for researchers.
How Enzyme Selectivity and Immobilization Affect Catalytic Yields in Lipase-Catalyzed Processes
Authors: Karume Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

Herein, the influence of structural attributes, including the interactions of lipases with support
systems, substrates, products/byproducts, and the media environment, on enzyme stability, selectivity
and activity are discussed. Substrates/products, such as methanol, glycerol, phenolic acids and
polyphenols, can inhibit lipase activity by influencing the mass flow of the reactants and products or
by enzyme denaturation, which is also caused by extreme pH, high temperatures, and digestive action
of most organic solvents. Immobilization techniques that involve chemical bonding between the functional
groups of the support and the amino acids of the lipase maintain the enzyme’s active conformation
via the formation of stable secondary structures. Functionalized metal nanoparticles and metal
and covalent organic frameworks (COFs and MOFs) covalently bond to lipases, reducing the reliance
of the active site conformation on hydrogen bonding and disulfide bonds. The crystallinity of COFand
MOF-immobilized lipases allows them to be used in contrasting media environments and at high
temperatures, which increases the reaction kinetics and improves the catalytic yield. On the other
hand, inert support systems such as silica promote catalytic yields by minimizing protein leaching,
which fairly maintains the amount of the preloaded lipase. The structure of substrates also plays
a large role, whereas some lipases strictly prefer narrow substrates others such as Candida species
lipases are liberal and allow substrates of varying bulkiness/steric hindrances.
Purification and Kinetics of Chlorogenic Acid from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Leaves by Macroporous Resins Combined with First-Principles
Calculation
Authors: Feng Zufei , Zhao Yan , Li Sijin , Hu Yangfan , Zou Yiming , Zhao Yingjuan , Yang Rong , Yang Yihui , Wu Na
Published: September 2024

Background:

A simple and effective method to separate chlorogenic acid from Eucommia
ulmoides leaves with macroporous resin was studied in this paper.

Methods:

In order to optimize the separation process of chlorogenic acid from Eucommia ulmoides
leaves, dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out on a glass column filled
with XDA-8 resin. Based on the First-principles calculation, the possible adsorption models were
simulated.

Results:

Among the six macroporous resins, XDA-8 showed good adsorption/desorption capacity
and a high adsorption/desorption ratio for chlorogenic acid. After being treated with XDA-8 resin
once, the content of chlorogenic acid from the extraction increased by 525%, and the recovery of
chlorogenic acid reached 85.36%.

Conclusion:

At 25°C, the adsorption behavior of chlorogenic acid on XDA-8 resin was consistent
with the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, by calculating
the charge changes of the O atom at each position in the chlorogenic acid molecule and the H
atom at the adsorption site in polystyrene molecule with resin skeleton, and combining with the electron
cloud density distribution diagram of chlorogenic acid and resin skeleton, the adsorption of
chlorogenic acid by XDA-8 resin is mainly due to the charge transfer, which causes the electron
cloud to overlap.