bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MALDI MS/MS study of As(III) complexes with glutathione, glutathione disulphide and other ligands
Authors: Napoli A
Published: July 2021

The formation of complexes between As(III) and two redox couples GSH/GSSG, Cys/Cyst, and Cyt c, was evaluated by MALDI MS and MS/MS. Structural elucidation of complexes is reported, and the redox properties are discussed. Particular attention was addressed to the gas-phase ion chemistry of high molecular weight species (i.e., [As(GSH)4]+). The formation of the oxidized ligand from complexes where a thiol free group is present, gives evidence on an intramolecular redox process initiated by a laser induced oxidation step. MS/MS experiments also demonstrated that GSSG, Cyst and Cyt c act as bidentate ligands, determining the formation of cyclic structures.
Innovative miniaturized approach by MicroNIR and chemometrics for the monitoring of the occupational exposure of workers
Authors: Gullifa G , Risoluti R
Published: July 2021

The study focuses on the monitoring of the cladribine exposure during production of pharmaceutical ingredients by a novel first level test based on microNIR spectroscopy for the monitoring of the worker’s exposure to drugs. The method permits to perform the analyses directly onsite and online as it is portable and miniaturized and record data in wireless mode. The calibration of the response was performed by considering filter membrane fortified with increasing amount of cladribine to reproduce real samples. All the signals were processed by chemometrics and a model of prediction was finally developed to predict unknown samples. Gas chromatography was used to compare the results from a reference technique with the ones from the novel method, obtaining a satisfactory correlation of 0.9989.
Hydrogen energy in Russia - industrial waste gases utilization potential
Authors: Kiseleva S , Tarasenko A , Shakun V , Agarkov D
Published: July 2021

Hydrogen is supposed to be prospective energy carrier and even commercial product for the nearest future. One of the hydrogen energy main problems is hydrogen production problem with high energy consumption in electrolysis case and CO/CO2 co-production in case of steam hydrocarbon reforming. At the same time several branches of industry are able to produce hydrogen as a by-product with different purity degree. Sodium and chlorine production plants can be a source of high-purity hydrogen. Low-purity hydrogen can be obtained from digester and sewage gas. In both cases there is economic interest to energy production from such hydrogen or its introduction into natural gas pipelines. Technical potential of such hydrogen source in Russia has been briefly estimated in case of fuel cells usage. Resource potential visualization maps have been created.
PV panels application for water boilers
Authors: Kiseleva S , Suleymanov M , Tarasenko A
Published: July 2021

PV panels price decrease with average efficiency growth is a stable trend for modern solar energy technologies. In these conditions several companies proposed control systems for solar water heating, substituting solar collectors by PV panels. Advantages and disadvantages for such scheme application in Russian conditions are discussed in this paper. Results of PV water heater experimental testing in Moscow climate conditions and numerical simulation of collector versus PV panels in several Russian region are also given, as the development of earlier economic estimations. Both maximum power point tracking (MPPT) PV array control scheme and array with constant load discharge have been tested. MPPT revealed better efficiency, but special controller without battery application is needed.
Phosphate coatings for the protection of steels reinforcement for concrete
Authors: Lazar P , Bejinariu C , Cazac A M , Sandu A V , Bernevig M A , Burduhos-Nergis D P
Published: July 2021

Concrete and reinforced concrete are the most popular and safest building materials today. The concrete and its steel reinforcements work together to withstand to complex operating stresses. Accordingly, while the steel reinforcement resists very well to tensile forces, the concrete structure will successfully resist to significant compression efforts. According to the concrete manufacturers, under optimal conditions, the durability of this composite material is almost infinite. However, when poor quality concrete, with structural defects, is subjected to certain environmental conditions (rain, ice or air chemicals), its integrity can be severely affected, consequently, its mechanical properties will decrease. Usually, the concrete protects the steel used as reinforcement, but there are specific situations in which its protective and anticorrosive properties are very limited. Thus, the properties of reinforced concrete decrease, endangering the structure of the concrete buildings. This article aims to provide a compressive review regarding the methods used to protect the reinforcement steel against corrosion. Moreover, one of the most widely used methods will be emphasized, namely phosphating, which in addition to improving the corrosion resistance properties, it also supports the adhesion between steel and concrete.
Air pollution reducer using cluster corona electric field net
Authors: Ketkaew S
Published: July 2021

This research paper presents the air pollution reducer using cluster corona electric field net on principle of high frequency plasma process, high voltage adjusting technique and efficiency filter. The switching power supply circuit based on small inverter comprises of HF pulse generator using IC number 3526 for the high voltage adjustment at 1.8 kV, 2.9 kV, 3.5 kV, 3.9 kV and 4.1 kV under frequency adjustment at 10 kHz, 11 kHz, 12 kHz, 17 kHz and 22 kHz, respectively, and IC maker was used as a ground isolator and signal expanding for Power MOSFET#IRFP450 driving to control high voltage of high frequency transformer to generate 1.8 kV, 2.9 kV, 3.5 kV, 3.9 kV and 4.1 kV to electric field net cell (cell eliminate toxic gases) for produce ozone. The results are high frequency adjusting of high voltage at 1.8 kV equal to 10 kHz, 2.9 kV equal to 11 kHz, 3.5 kV equal to 12 kHz, 3.9 kV equal to 17 kHz and 4.1 kV equal to 22 kHz which the testing of ozone measuring will observation at high voltage equal 1.8 kV enables produce ozone 1.28 ppm, 2.9 kV enables produce ozone 1.56 ppm, 3.5 kV enables produce ozone 2.35 ppm, 3.9 kV enables produce ozone 2.61 ppm and 4.1 kV enables produce ozone 2.73 ppm. As the ozone content increases, the benzene and carbon monoxide levels decrease accordingly and can be used in the photocopying, printing, laminating and baking rooms covering an area of 200 square meters. Air pollution reducer can capture dust particles of PM2.5 size and has a dust extraction efficiency of 97.16 % by using a particulate meter which has passed the Electromagnetic Compatibility Standard Analysis (EMC Testing), the Power Consumption Analysis Test, and the Electric Leakage Safety Usage Analysis Test. are completed. Testing at the test room of electrical and electronic products testing center (PTEC), NSTDA, Thailand. Therefore, this research was funded activities to promote and support research of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation from the Department of Ramkhamhaeng University, fiscal year 2021 and can be developed into commercial innovations in the future.
Possibilities for the recovery of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants through the design and production of concrete
Authors: Corbu O , Smical I , Micle V , Sandu I G
Published: July 2021

The main objective of the present research was the design and realization of a concrete recipe of resistance class C16/20, based on the incorporation in the form of addition of sludge from the treatment plant of Baia-Mare City, Maramureș County, Romania. Until now, this type of sludge has been used on agricultural land as fertilizer. What makes it reshaping its use in construction materials is that this sludge contains in addition organic elements and hazardous heavy metals that can be retained in the matrix of the concrete mixture. Thus, based on the experience of making mixtures of cathode glass with Pb, from the recycling of old monitors, it was observed that that the migration in time of Pb from the matrix of the material was below the limit imposed by current legislation. Failure to recover this sludge leads to long-term storage on large surfaces of land that will be contaminated or it will have to be stored on concrete or packed platforms, situation which increases the cost of disposal. The paper will present methods and results obtained in the research, which support the use of sludge from sewage treatment plants in dry granular form for strength concrete class C16/20 obtaining but with limited applicability. The final objective of the research is to provide a new alternative solution for the disposal and recovery of this hazardous waste.
Eggshell Powder (ESP) as low-cost adsorbent for wastewater treatment
Authors: Arshad M F , Zailani W W A , Ismail N , A Zainol M R R M , Abdullah M M A B , Tahir M F M
Published: July 2021

Filtration is the process where the solid particles are separated from the solution by passing it through porous pores. This process always comes together with the adsorption method and it depends on the type of filter media being used. Currently, activated carbon, zeolite and sand are widely used in treating wastewater influent. However, the increasing demands and materials cost had encouraged various approaches in finding solutions to replace the current filter media. Therefore, eggshell waste is introduced in this study as a replacement material for zeolite to treat wastewater impurities. The usage of eggshell waste as a new filter media is more beneficial which represents a low cost, renewable, available and sustainable approaches. Thus, this study revealed the optimum proportion of Eggshell Powder (ESP) as a filter media for wastewater treatment. The amount of eggshell used varies from 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% labelled as S3a, S3b, S3c and S3d respectively. The parameters examined were BOD, COD, SS, turbidity, colour, NH3-N, NO3-N, Fe and pH. This study had found that the most efficient filter media to replace zeolite is S80 media. S3d media was able to remove almost all the examined parameters with high percentage removal range between 40% to 90% removal. As a conclusion, this study hopes that by utilizing an industrial waste as a low-cost adsorbent, the environmental ecosystem can be protected for the sake of next generations.
Biological transformation—battery protection inspired by wound healing
Authors: Bessler Simon , Hess Katharina , Weigt Henning , von Ramin Malte
Published: July 2021

One of the major challenges for electric vehicle safety and mobility is the development of battery protection mechanisms that are able to cope with irregular and unpredictable heating of the battery unit. Biological protection mechanisms are considered to be one of the most effective and resilient mechanisms due to their ability to react dynamically and adaptively to unpredictable disturbances. Consequently, biological systems can be viewed as models for high resiliency that provide inspiration for tackling issues such as excessive resource consumption or low technical resilience. This study demonstrates the improvement of the safety of an electric vehicle battery system inspired by wound healing and pain reflex response, which are among the most important protective mechanisms of the human body system. In particular, the individual mechanisms are systematically characterized, their underlying principles identified and transferred to a simulated battery system using a novel attribute-based method. As a result, the detection of irregular heating is improved and cooling of the battery system is more efficient. Further, this example can be used to explain how protective mechanisms that contribute to the resilience of biological systems can be abstracted and transferred to different technical systems.
Historical warming has increased U.S. crop insurance losses
Authors: Diffenbaugh Noah S , Davenport Frances V , Burke Marshall
Published: July 2021

Quantification of the sector-specific financial impacts of historical global warming represents a critical gap in climate change impacts assessment. The multiple decades of county-level data available from the U.S. crop insurance program—which collectively represent aggregate damages to the agricultural sector largely borne by U.S. taxpayers—present a unique opportunity to close this gap. Using econometric analysis in combination with observed and simulated changes in county-level temperature, we show that global warming has already contributed substantially to rising crop insurance losses in the U.S. For example, we estimate that county-level temperature trends have contributed $US2017 27.0 billion—or 19%—of the national-level crop insurance losses over the 1991–2017 period. Further, we estimate that observed warming contributed almost half of total losses in the most costly single year (2012). In addition, analyses of a large suite of global climate model simulations yield very high confidence that anthropogenic climate forcing has increased U.S. crop insurance losses. These sector-specific estimates provide important quantitative information about the financial costs of the global warming that has already occurred (including the costs of individual extreme events), as well as the economic value of mitigation and/or adaptation options.
Form CO2-responsive microemulsion for extracting ethanol from water by triethylamine
Authors: Du Wenting , Lyu Ling , Zhang Xin , Xu Hongwei
Published: July 2021

Compared with traditional distillation separation, extraction of ethanol from ethanol water could reduce the energy consumption. But emulsion generated in the process of strong mixing caused difficulty of separation of two phases. A new method of extraction ethanol could realize the efficient mass transfer and the complete separation of two phases. The microemulsion system was constructed by adding TEA (triethylamine) into ethanol water, and then ethanol was extracted from the water by 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. The extraction efficiency was close to the theoretical value, and the extracted emulsion could be demulsified under the action of CO2. The method did not require strong stirring, and had low energy consumption and high extraction efficiency. It solved the problem to separate the emulsion generated in the process of ethanol extraction.
Agriculture extension as education to maintain environmental stability: Study in DKI Jakarta
Authors: Kholila B N , Soesilo T E B , Herdiansyah H
Published: July 2021

Environmental impacts caused by agricultural activities can be reduced by changing the use of chemical pesticides into biopesticides. Efforts made in this way are starting to become global considerations as a strategy to maintain environmental stability and maintain plant quality. This strategy has begun to be applied in Indonesia, especially in agriculture in DKI Jakarta. The research approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with government actors. This research aims to find a reasonable effort for taking a social approach through environmental education. The results obtained in this study are agricultural extension, which needs to be carried out as a form of ecological education of farming actors in DKI Jakarta. The strategy to support environmental education, apart from utilizing counseling, was also carried out by field schools to provide additional technical knowledge in agricultural land management. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that in addition to the government’s active role in environmental education, it also needs synergy from agricultural actors to create environmental stability.
Green economy growth efficiency in support of environmental policy
Authors: Nadiroh  , Emilkamayana
Published: July 2021

Classical economic theory creates problems in today’s globalized world. A new revolution is needed to make smart economic growth, namely a green economy. This economy rests on sustainable growth and entrepreneurship with an aspect of balance between sectors. This study aims to explain the efficiency of green growth to support the creation of environmental policies. The research method used is qualitative with a literature review technique approach by reviewing and synthesizing Environmental Policy and Green Economic articles. Regulations, incentives, and resources play a full role in how economic activity turns infrastructure sustainable. These efforts will provide an essential framework for the development and implementation of green solutions that cover the needs of all communities. The efficiency of green growth is the key to achieving sustainable development. Environmental policy is a supporting component in the formation of a green economy. Efforts to create a better energy transition strategy will be an opportunity to create an economy for expected progress. Opportunities to develop new markets, new technologies, new industries, and a new workforce will be the keys to the country’s success.
Improving visitor preferences through environmental management strategies in the urban forest during COVID-19
Authors: Paramitadevi Y V , Jannah N , Mindara G P
Published: July 2021

Urban forests are designed to meet community needs for green open spaces and recreational activities. Biotic and abiotic factors play a crucial role in urban forest management to support these communities’ needs. Bogor has more than one urban forest, including the Bogor Botanical Gardens and Cibodas Botanical Gardens. During the pandemic of COVID-19, the urban forests in Bogor continue to improve so that they are comfortable for visitors without leaving the concept of environmental sustainability. This study focuses on environmental management strategies in the Bogor Botanical Gardens regarding visitor preferences for abiotic factors. The research method is carried out through grounded theory with qualitative exploratory methods. The data collection was performed by distributing open-ended online questionnaires and non-random sampling techniques. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using three stages. Five aspects of environments become visitors’ preference to the Bogor Botanical Gardens, namely atmosphere, research sounds and noise, facilities, and edges. The environmental management strategy is related to visitor preference aspects, namely the availability of rain and water harvesting facilities, composting and waste recycling areas, environmental thematic virtual tours, and placement of solar system-based lighting.
Deoxygenation rate coefficient in modeling the quality of urban rivers in Indonesia
Authors: Yustiani Y M
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the use of the deoxygenation rate coefficient in modeling the urban river water quality in Indonesia. The method used in this study is data collection in the form of calculating the rate of deoxygenation carried out in rivers in several urban areas based on previous studies. This assessment includes the amount of deoxygenation rate, calculation, and determination method. Based on the studies conducted, the method recently used is laboratory treatment. Several studies have used an empirical formula proposed by Hydroscience to determine the deoxygenation rate. Most of the deoxygenation rate value determination used the Slope Method, but many also directly referenced typical values without performing analysis in the laboratory. The deoxygenation rate for urban rivers in Indonesia, which has been based on various determination methods, varies from 0.001 per day to more than 1.00 per day. Low deoxygenation rates are often found at sampling sites. This can be caused by pollutants that inhibit the process of decomposing organic matter in river waters. The comparison between the use of laboratory tests and empirical formulas shows a vast difference.
Design of 3R solid waste processing facility (TPS 3R) in Tanjung Village as the development of municipal solid waste management facilities in North Lombok Regency
Authors: Sari N K , Citrasari N , Hariyanto S , Ayundafarisa M C
Published: July 2021

Municipal solid waste management in Tanjung Village that has not been fully served has caused the village sanitation level to deteriorate and triggered health problems, especially Dengue Fever in the rainy season. This research is expected to be able to correct the problem as a fulfillment of various government policies. This study aims to determine the percentage of areas covered. Units in the TPS 3R are based on the composition and characteristics of the waste and available land area; calculate the value of mass balance and total percentage recovery of TPS 3R. Waste generation and composition were analyzed according to SNI 19-3964-1994, while the characteristics were tested using proximate and ultimate analysis. The percentage of the area served is 36.02%. Units in TPS 3R, namely receiving and sorting location; chopping and drying of the organic waste area; active waste composting area; maturation area; sifting and compost packing area; compost warehouse; waste warehouse stall; office; parking lot; equipment warehouse; and leachate holding area with total land needed 2 347.26 m2. Mass balance shows that managed waste is 753.08 kg/day, wet waste recovered is 416.57 kg/day, dry waste recovered is 141.25 kg/day, and residual waste goes to landfill 195.27 kg/day that the total percentage of recovery is 74.07%.
The relations of leadership and organizational culture with employees’ environmental performance at PT. Cahaya Mas
Authors: Susanto Y F , Nadiroh  , Sigit D V
Published: July 2021

This research aims to perceive the relations of leadership and organizational culture with the employees’ environmental performance. This research was conducted at PT. Cahaya and its employees were the subjects of the study. The quantitative method with the correlational technique was used in the study. The data were collected by giving out questionnaires to 102 employees. Proportionate stratified random was used for the sampling. Based on the data analysis, it is said that there is a relation between partial leadership with the employees’ environmental performance. Furthermore, an association is also found between partial organizational culture with the environmental employees’ performance. Leadership and organizational culture simultaneously have a relation between the employees’ environmental performance. As a result, it can be concluded that if the employees’ environmental performance is hoped to improve at PT. Cahaya Mas, its leadership, and organizational culture should be reconsidered.
Accelerating Citarum river restoration by involving peculiar multi-stakeholders approach
Authors: Ayyasy M N I , Herdiansyah H , Kosandi M
Published: July 2021

With degrading global environmental conditions and the increasing impact of climate change, the river environment’s role becomes increasingly important. Nevertheless, globally most watersheds are within a critical situation that requires immediate actions. Though uncommon, one possible approach to do river rehabilitation involves the military as an active actor in the rehabilitation effort. Linking the military with environmental policies is somewhat peculiar, but some studies show that this relation may positively impact the restoration process. We look at a similar issue within the Citarum river restoration program and elaborate on the outcome of this condition. We use secondary data, reports, and multiple previous literature pieces related to military involvement in restoration. We found a congruence from Citarum’s case with earlier cases from India, U.S., and Botswana; that the military can increase public participation; increase restoration effectivity, and accelerate the effort. We hope to further discuss river restoration approaches and military involvement in environmental restoration because of its peculiarity.
Evaluation of engineering in ESP installation with various reservoir properties in the offshore X field
Authors: Rosadi D , Kasmungin S , Setiati R
Published: July 2021

Oil wells in the x field in the offshore Natuna Indonesia generally use gas lifts as artificial lifts. As time goes, the field enters of oil production decline phase. To maintain oil production and evaluate the other artificial lift, the Electric Submersible Pump or ESP method was conducted on five wells A-01, A-02, A-03, A-04, and A-05, with various reservoir properties. The research objective is to evaluate the technical application of the ESP and obtain the highest potential well to increase oil recovery. The methodology was carried out by collecting field primary data such as reservoir data, Depth, slope, etc. Then the ESP application design is carried out by manually calculating the wells. Result and discussion: based on the calculations, the ESP method can be applied to wells A-01, A-02, A-03, and A-04. A-05 cannot be used well because it has a high turpin meter value (16.35) due to a high GOR (Gas Oil Ratio) value of 2385 SCF/STB. The well with the highest potential to increase oil recovery is well A-01 with the additional oil production +1116 BOPD. It can be concluded that the most potential to be developed into ESP well is A-01.
Review of the air pollution from the perspective of sound comfort in the coastal space. Case study of the Boboca Monument, Manado City
Authors: Suriandjo H S , Manaf M , Hasbi  , Muspida A , Kastono  , Sudirman  , Widodo S , Abdulbar F
Published: July 2021

Continuous exposure to an area with a sound above the threshold level is one of the triggers for noise pollution in public spaces. Public spaces are spaces where people of all ages gather for leisure activities, recreation, etc. The purpose of this study was to find the average dBA value of noise, community perceptions regarding the comfort of sound in coastal public spaces, and the relationship between the dBA value and the existing sound comfort standards. The focus of this research is to contribute to a public space that is free from noise pollution. The study was conducted on the coast of Manado, precisely in the Boboca monument area, using mixed methods through the formula LAeq 10 minutes and Leq daylight to get the standard value of noise. The results found noise numbers in the range 77.4 – 80.2 dBA, this value has exceeded the required standard of 50 dBA, and the results of the perception are also supportive, which is dominant in public perception. It means that coastal public spaces in the Boboca monument area have been exposed to noise pollution.
Analysis of modification sedimentation process at communal scale water treatment with electrocoagulation technique
Authors: Afiatun E , Pradiko H , Wahyuni S , Pamungkas O F
Published: July 2021

One of the main sources of drinking water commonly used as raw water is river water. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of the Water Treatment Plant using electrocoagulation techniques with modification of sedimentation unit to reduce turbidity concentration in raw water. The drinking water treatment methods without chemicals such as electrocoagulation is an alternative that is being developed as a more efficient alternative treatment. This study was conducted by testing the sample water into a Communal Scale Drinking Water Treatment Plant, with variants of aluminium pairs plates, voltages, and the addition of plate settlers to the sedimentation unit. This study was conducted at flow rates of 0.06 L/sec and 0.08 L/sec. This research results show that the optimal variation with initial turbidity of 100 NTU is 5 pairs of plates with 15 Volt electricity with a percentage of turbidity removal of 93.5% at a flowrate of 0.06 L/sec and 88.2 % at 0.08 L/sec flowrates. Under the optimal conditions, the turbidity removal is increasing in line with the increase of turbidity removal in sedimentation units. This condition shows that modification of the sedimentation process by adding plate settlers increase the turbidity removal.
Environmental ethics perspective in fostering environmental awareness in the bandung eco-camp community
Authors: Heruyono A , Herdiansyah H , Putri L G S
Published: July 2021

Humans have a reciprocal relationship with the environment. Humans need the environment to sustain life. Thus the environment needs humans for its sustainability. However, some humans have the wrong attitude towards the environment, that cause environmental damage. To achieve a sustainable environmental balance and addressing the increasingly massive environmental damage, a change in humans' perspective is required. This study aims to foster environmental awareness through a non-formal environmental education approach in the Bandung-Indonesia Eco Camp community from an environmental ethics perspective. Good environmental knowledge should be manifested in the attitudes and actions of daily living habits. This study uses relevant secondary data through literature and documents to analyze the cultivation of environmental habituation in the non-formal education community. Data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative analysis approach. Based on the research results, found that environmental ethics internalization as a moral foundation made humans aware of their interactions with the environment. Humans think, behave, and act ethically and philosophically towards nature making the potential for environmental damage smaller. This article contributes to the discussion of environmental knowledge changing the way humans perceive the environment.
Discussion on Environmental Qualification Management System of Electrical Equipment in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Binfeng Wang , Yajing Guan , Xiaonan You , Zhenhao Shi , Yanwei Zhang , Ping Huang
Published: July 2021

In order to ensure the safety of the reactor system, the nuclear power plant (NPP) is designed in accordance with the principle of defense in depth. The single failure criterion, whose direct goal is to strengthen the safety-related system function through redundant settings, is an important cornerstone of the principle of defense in depth. It is the primary role of environmental qualification(EQ) to ensure that Class 1E equipment can perform its safety function(s) with no failure mechanism that could lead to common cause failures under postulated service conditions.This paper firstly describes the equipment qualification management system of NPPs in France as well as America. Secondly, equipment qualification regulatory requirements and management practices of NPPs in China were shared. Finally, combined with the regulatory requirements of National Nuclear Safety Administration of China and good experience from NPPs at home and abroad, suggestions are given for electrical equipment EQ management system in other NPPs in China.
Cognitive Research on the Development of Agricultural Waste Resource Treatment Technology for a Sustainable Environment
Authors: Ning Fuer , Ou Sheng-Jung , Lee Yann-Long
Published: July 2021

In recent years, climate change has made the public more concerned about greenhouse gas emissions, and the burning of agricultural waste has been proven to be one of the non-negligible sources of CO2 emissions leading to global warming. Taiwan is a relatively scarce region with limited land and insufficient landfills to dispose of waste. It provides an opportunity for Taiwan to develop circular agriculture. This study takes the elderly in the Xinxing Community in Dacun Township, Changhua County, Taiwan, as the research object. Using qualitative interviews and quantitative analysis methods, we can more fully and accurately grasp the awareness of the elderly in the Xinxing Community on agricultural waste. The study results show that there is no significant difference in the cognition of agricultural waste treatment among senior citizens in emerging communities whether they are engaged in the grape industry or not. However, there are significant differences in the cognition of agricultural waste resource treatment technology. The cognition of being engaged in the grape industry is higher than that of those who are not engaged in it, and they have a higher cognition of agricultural waste resource treatment technology. In addition, there is no significant difference in the perception of agricultural waste resource reuse operations. This research provides suggestions for the future development of sustainable environments and the management of emerging communities.
A Study of the Coupling Relation between Mineral Resources Exploitation and Ecological Environment: Evidence from the Grassland of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Long Xie Xing
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide new empirical evidence on the coupling relation between extraction of mineral resources and the ecological environment in the area of Inner Mongolia grassland and come up with countermeasures in favor of their balanced development. To this end, the study designs a comprehensive indicator framework and creates a coupling model based on the system theory and Lyapunov’s approximation theorem. The study gauges the coupling degree concerning mineral resources exploitation and the ecological environment over the period from 2002 to 2018, finding that the stress, which mineral resources exploitation exercises on the ecological environment in the grassland area of Inner Mongolian, is constantly intensifying. The study also finds that their coupling relationship turns out to be at a low level of coordination, even representing a downward trend. Albeit this region moves into the stage of harmonious development between mining activity and environmental protection, their coupling degree is tiny. This paper concludes with pointing out proposals on how to promote the balanced development of mineral resources exploitation and the ecological environment.
Forest Carbon Sink Evaluation – An Important Contribution for Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Chen Keren , Cai Qiyuan , Zheng Nan , Li Yinan , Lin Changyong , Li Yuanfei
Published: July 2021

Forest carbon sink refers to the carbon storage in nature, including the process, activity and mechanism of removing carbon dioxide from the air. Forest carbon sinks play a very important role in reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and slowing down the global warming process. Fujian Province is one of the key forest areas in southeast China. It has a mild climate, abundant rainfall, superior natural conditions, and abundant forest resources. According to the National Forest Resources Continuous Inventory Statistics, the Fujian forest coverage rate reached 66.8% in 2018 and has kept the No. 1 ranking in China for the past 40 consecutive years. The potential of forest carbon sink resources is considerable. This article first analyzes forest carbon sinks and their advantages, and then studies the development of forest carbon sinks in Fujian Province, and carries out quantitative estimation. Finally, relevant suggestions for the development of forest carbon sinks are given.
Nanoplastics Aggregation in Environment: Analytical Methods and Environmental Implications
Authors: weiyu Duan , shuo Wang , huanming Lv , zheyuan Yang , lvlin Xue , bin Zhang
Published: July 2021

The degradation of plastic debris may result in the generation of nanoplastics, which is an emerging environmental pollutant and widely existed in the earth. Compared with microplastics, nanoplastics have higher specific surface area for the sorption of organic pollutions and toxic heavy metals. Due to the small particle size, nanoplastics can be transported in organs and tissues of the human body, Posing a potential hazard to human health. However, due to the limitation of collection and analysis methods, there are more literatures on microplastics than on nanoplastics. This article reviews the analytical methods and potential hazards to the environment of nanoplastics. It summarizes and analyzes the recent research, and looks forward to the future research, so as to provide a reference for the continued research of nanoplastics.
Mycotoxins in the Dust Form Brewing Environment
Authors: Hsu Ying-Fang , Chuang Chi-Yu , Chang Feng-Hsin , Pei-Yi  , Feng  , Huang Hsiao-Chien , Yang Shinhao , Liu Wei-Ting
Published: July 2021

This work aimed to investigate the mycotoxins’ distribution in the soy sauce brewing environment. Monitoring the total dust and respirable dust to evaluate the biological exposure of the workers in the brewing environment. This research conducted sampling in the soy sauce brewery. The brewing operating area is divided into raw material storage area, pre-work area, processing area, and packaging area according to the brewing processes. In each area, the total suspended dust and respirable dust are sampled and then carried out measurement of mycotoxin concentrations. The analyses showed that the aflatoxin concentration of total dust and respirable dust are between 36.35-191.00 ng/m3 and 25.69-95.19 ng/m3 respectively. And the ochratoxin A concentration of total duct and respirable duct are between 29.46-87.18 ng/m3 and 18.12-43.63 ng/m3 respectively. The results showed that the pre-work area has the highest concentration of mycotoxin. Therefore, this work suggested the local exhausting equipment should be regarded to increase ventilation rate, and the workers should wear personal protective equipment for ensuring occupational health.
The Improved Model of the Deep Peak Regulation Market Considering the Load Aggregator Participation
Authors: Zeng Kaiwen , Liu Jianing , Wang Haizhu , Zhou Ying , Zhou Suyang
Published: July 2021

Severe load valley brings lots of difficulties to the system operation. The thermal generators undertake the deep peak regulation for valley filling traditionally when they are the main source of the generation. As the renewable energy develops quickly, the thermal generation keeps reducing in recent years. Most of the provinces in China chose to develop deep peak regulation market before a complete spot market. The current participants mainly include the thermal generators and the storages. In this paper, the load aggregator is proposed as the participants of the market to increase the load at the load valley. The operators clear the market with the co-optimization including both of the generators and the aggregators. The simulation has demonstrated the operation of the market model.
SUMO paralogue–specific functions revealed through systematic analysis of human knockout cell lines and gene expression data
Authors: Bouchard Danielle , Wang Wei , Yang Wei-Chih , He Shuying , Garcia Anthony , Matunis Michael J.
Published: July 2021

Analysis of SUMO1 and SUMO2 knockout cells reveals unique functions for SUMO paralogues in regulating cellular morphology, PML nuclear body structure, responses to proteotoxic and genotoxic stress, and control of gene expression. Findings reveal nonredundant regulatory roles for SUMO1 and SUMO2 and a basis for more precise SUMO-targeting therapies.
Integrin cross-talk modulates stiffness-independent motility of CD4+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Kim Sarah Hyun Ji , Hammer Daniel A.
Published: July 2021

Under flow, CD4+ T cells migrate upstream on intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Without flow, motility of CD4+ T lymphocytes on gels increases with stiffness; motility is mechanosensitive and can be enhanced through integrin cross-talk stimulated by soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. But, under flow, CD4+ T cells migrate upstream on ICAM-1 hydrogels independent of substrate stiffness.
Midlife Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events During Extended Follow-up
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Delic Alen , Yaghi Shadi , Wong Ka-Ho , Majersik Jennifer J , Stulberg Eric , Tirschwell David , Anadani Mohammad
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Studies demonstrate an association between visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) and cardiovascular events and death. We aimed to determine the long-term cardiovascular and mortality effects of BPV in midlife in participants with and without cardiovascular risk factors.

METHODS

This is a post-hoc analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in the Community study. Long-term BPV was derived utilizing mean systolic blood pressure at Visits 1–4 (Visit 1: 1987–1989, Visit 2: 1990–1992, Visit 3: 1993–1995, Visit 4: 1996–1998). The primary outcome was mortality from Visit 4 to 2016 and secondary outcome was cardiovascular events (fatal coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cardiac procedure, or stroke). We fit Cox proportional hazards models and also performed the analysis in a subgroup of cardiovascular disease-free patients without prior stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, hypertension, or diabetes.

RESULTS

We included 9,578 participants. The mean age at the beginning of follow-up was 62.9 ± 5.7 years, and mean follow-up was 14.2 ± 4.5 years. During follow-up, 3,712 (38.8%) participants died and 1,721 (n = 8,771, 19.6%) had cardiovascular events. For every SD higher in systolic residual SD (range 0–60.5 mm Hg, SD = 5.6 mm Hg), the hazard ratio for death was 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.12) and for cardiovascular events was 1.00 (95% CI 0.95–1.05). In cardiovascular disease-free participants (n = 4,452), the corresponding hazard ratio for death was 1.12 (95% CI 1.03–1.21) and for cardiovascular events was 1.01 (95% CI 0.89–1.14).

CONCLUSION

Long-term BPV during midlife is an independent predictor of later life mortality but not cardiovascular events.
Visual Information Routes in the Posterior Dorsal and Ventral Face Network Studied with Intracranial Neurophysiology and White Matter Tract Endpoints
Authors: Babo-Rebelo M , Puce A , Bullock D , Hugueville L , Pestilli F , Adam C , Lehongre K , Lambrecq V , Dinkelacker V , George N
Published: July 2021

Occipitotemporal regions within the face network process perceptual and socioemotional information, but the dynamics and information flow between different nodes of this network are still debated. Here, we analyzed intracerebral EEG from 11 epileptic patients viewing a stimulus sequence beginning with a neutral face with direct gaze. The gaze could avert or remain direct, while the emotion changed to fearful or happy. N200 field potential peak latencies indicated that face processing begins in inferior occipital cortex and proceeds anteroventrally to fusiform and inferior temporal cortices, in parallel. The superior temporal sulcus responded preferentially to gaze changes with augmented field potential amplitudes for averted versus direct gaze, and large effect sizes relative to other network regions. An overlap analysis of posterior white matter tractography endpoints (from 1066 healthy brains) relative to active intracerebral electrodes in the 11 patients showed likely involvement of both dorsal and ventral posterior white matter pathways. Overall, our data provide new insight into the timing of face and social cue processing in the occipitotemporal brain and anchor the superior temporal cortex in dynamic gaze processing.
The Stockholm Syndrome: the view of the capital by the “Places Left Behind”
Authors: Rickardsson Jonna , Mellander Charlotta , Bjerke Lina
Published: July 2021

In this paper we use survey and register data combined to examine how the view of the capital city among those living in other regions relates to geographic factors and the development of the home region. Our findings indicate that individuals who perceive the development of their own region as “less advantageous” are prone to say that Stockholm has a negative effect on their own area as well as on Sweden overall. These individuals tend to live in regions with negative migration, farther away from the capital region, and tend to have lower trust for e.g., politicians and scientists.
Determining a minimum set of variables for machine learning cardiovascular event prediction: results from REFINE SPECT registry
Authors: Rios Richard , Miller Robert J H , Hu Lien Hsin , Otaki Yuka , Singh Ananya , Diniz Marcio , Sharir Tali , Einstein Andrew J , Fish Mathews B , Ruddy Terrence D , Kaufmann Philipp A , Sinusas Albert J , Miller Edward J , Bateman Timothy M , Dorbala Sharmila , DiCarli Marcelo , Van Kriekinge Serge , Kavanagh Paul , Parekh Tejas , Liang Joanna X , Dey Damini , Berman Daniel S , Slomka Piotr
Published: July 2021

Aims

Optimal risk stratification with machine learning (ML) from myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) includes both clinical and imaging data. While most imaging variables can be derived automatically, clinical variables require manual collection, which is time-consuming and prone to error. We determined the fewest manually input and imaging variables required to maintain the prognostic accuracy for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients undergoing a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) MPI.

Methods and results

This study included 20 414 patients from the multicentre REFINE SPECT registry and 2984 from the University of Calgary for training and external testing of the ML models, respectively. ML models were trained using all variables (ML-All) and all image-derived variables (including age and sex, ML-Image). Next, ML models were sequentially trained by incrementally adding manually input and imaging variables to baseline ML models based on their importance ranking. The fewest variables were determined as the ML models (ML-Reduced, ML-Minimum, and ML-Image-Reduced) that achieved comparable prognostic performance to ML-All and ML-Image. Prognostic accuracy of the ML models was compared with visual diagnosis, stress total perfusion deficit (TPD), and traditional multivariable models using area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). ML-Minimum (AUC 0.798) obtained comparable prognostic accuracy to ML-All (AUC 0.799, P = 0.19) by including 12 of 40 manually input variables and 11 of 58 imaging variables. ML-Reduced achieved comparable accuracy (AUC 0.796) with a reduced set of manually input variables and all imaging variables. In external validation, the ML models also obtained comparable or higher prognostic accuracy than traditional multivariable models.

Conclusion

Reduced ML models, including a minimum set of manually collected or imaging variables, achieved slightly lower accuracy compared to a full ML model but outperformed standard interpretation methods and risk models. ML models with fewer collected variables may be more practical for clinical implementation.
Stakeholder views on taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages and its adoption in the Netherlands
Authors: Eykelenboom Michelle , Djojosoeparto Sanne K , van Stralen Maartje M , Olthof Margreet R , Renders Carry M , Poelman Maartje P , Kamphuis Carlijn B M , Steenhuis Ingrid H M ,   on behalf of the PEN Consortium
Published: July 2021

An increasing number of governments worldwide have introduced a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) for public health. However, the adoption of such a policy is still debated in many other countries, such as in the Netherlands. We investigated Dutch stakeholder views on taxation of SSB and perceived barriers and facilitators to its adoption in the Netherlands. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2019 with 27 stakeholders from health and consumer organizations, health professional associations, trade associations, academia, advisory bodies, ministries and parliamentary parties. Data were analysed using a thematic content approach. The findings reveal that, between and within sectors, stakeholders expressed contradictory views on the effectiveness, appropriateness and (socio)economic effects of an SSB tax. Perceived barriers to the adoption of an SSB tax in the Netherlands included an unfavourable political context, limited advocacy for an SSB tax, a strong lobby against an SSB tax, perceived public opposition, administrative load and difficulties in defining SSB. Perceived facilitators to its adoption included an increasing prevalence of overweight, disappointing results from voluntary industry actions, a change of government, state budget deficits, a shift in public opinion, international recommendations and a solid legal basis. In conclusion, this study shows that several challenges remain to be overcome for the adoption of an SSB tax in the Netherlands. Similar research on stakeholder views in other countries may further inform SSB tax policy processes.