bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining English as a Foreign Language Students' Boredom in terms of Different Variables
Authors: Coşkun Abdullah , Yüksel Yücel
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to adapt the Boredom in Practical English Language Classes-Revised (BPELC-R) scale developed by Pawlak, Kruk, Zawodniak and Pasikowski (2020) into the high school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context of Turkey and to reveal high school EFL students' level of boredom. Also, the study investigates whether their level of boredom differs depending on the variables of gender, grade level and selected academic track. The two-factor scale including 23 Likert-scale items were completed by 680 high school EFL students at different grade levels in eight public high schools in a city in Turkey. The data analyzed by means of the SPSS uncovered medium level of boredom. It was also found that the most common causes of boredom are the monotonous nature of the English lessons and the dissatisfaction of the participants with these lessons. While no significant difference was observed in the level of boredom depending on the gender variable, students' grade level and the chosen academic track led to significant differences. The highest level of boredom was revealed for final year students and for those who chose the science track. Some implications on how to reduce EFL classroom boredom are provided.
Age, Gender, and Anxiety as Antecedents of Willingness to Communicate: Turkish EFL Context
Authors: Yetkin Ramazan , ÖZER Zekiye
Published: May 2022

Individual differences in language learning have been under close scrutiny for several decades. However, there is still place to be filled in with new research to understand how and to what extent these differences relate to/effect language learning process. Both foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) and second language willingness to communicate (L2 WTC) have been key individual differences research paradigm in educational psychology and applied linguistics. To this end, the current study aims to disclose secondary school EFL learners’ FLCA/ L2 WTC levels and their causal relations/predictions by comparing participants’ age and gender differences. The participants were 131 secondary school students. Statistical results pointed out moderate levels of FLCA and WTC. When age and gender difference were compared, it was observed that both of the variables made significant difference on FLCA and WTC with females surpassing males in the scores. Similarly, regression analysis indicated age and gender as the significant predictors of WTC. Study findings were discussed and implications were withdrawn from the study results.
COMPARING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIQUID BASED CYTOLOGY (LBC) WITH CONVENTIONAL PAP SMEAR: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Saxena Neha , Rai Sunita , Priyadarshini Shrivastava Jyoti , Iyengar Sudha
Published: May 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is unique among human cancers which is mostly attributable to infection. Conventional
PAP smear method is most effective for prevention and detection of cervical cancer but the accuracy of this method is
low.This PAP smear now evolved to Liquid Based Cytology (LBC). Method:All the patients visiting Gynaecology OPD
who fulfilled the inclusion Criteria in the duration starting from 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2021 in the Department of
Pathology of Gajra raja Medical College, Gwalior (MP) were included in this study. 50 atypical smears by Conventional
PAP test were then collected and these cases were subjected to Eziprep Liquid Based Cytology and Conventional PAP
smear in private laboratory setup after taking history and clinical examination. The smears were studied by using 7
morphological parameters. Result: Smears were analysed for adequate cellularity, clean background, uniform
distribution of cells,cellular overlapping,inflammation,distinct cell border,nuclear irregularity and then categorise by
Bethesda reporting system.The results were significant only for clean background,uniform distribution of cells,cellular
overlapping and inflammation. Conclusion: Results of cervical cytology smears by both methods showed that LBC
provides more representative sample with reduced obscuring material,improved clarity allowing better morphological
evaluation.
AN ANALYSIS ON TALAQ-E-BIDDAT
Authors: S Lodha Abedabahen , Singh Jaivir
Published: May 2022

There are many misconceptions among people about divorce in Islam.It is a widespread view that a Muslim husband is
empowered to divorce his wife whenever he has no reason to. This concept is completely wrong. A Muslim husband
cannot exercise his right.
According to Allah's book,the Holy Qur'an,marriage is the union of the two human beings in love and kindness.In Islam,
"marriage" is considered a sacred and spiritual covenant.But regardless of this,marriage is transparently a sacred and
partial civil contract.Marriage is considered a sacred rite.But,when we talk about the rights and duties of both parties,
they lead under the general agreement.Islam is a peaceful religion.It will take a couple of different lives to go through a
different.In turn,it does not propose isolation and segregation for superficial and minor reasons.In Islam,divorce,when
1
it is unavoidable,is condemned and frustrated .
MRI CORRELATION WITH CLINICAL STAGING AND HISTOPATHOLOGY FINDINGS IN CERVICAL CANCER
Authors: Singh Satyarth , R.Verma Sameer , Gupta Vibhu
Published: May 2022

AIM AND OBJECTIVES:To correlate MRI findings with clinical findings based on FIGO staging and to evaluate the role
of MRI in assessing extension of uterine cervical malignancy in reference to post surgery/staging laparoscopy
histopathologic examination where ever available. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective observational
study included 35 patients of histopathologically confirmed carcinoma cervix attending the SRMS Institute of Medical
Sciences,Bareilly,UP,who underwent clinical staging and preoperative MRI for evaluation of disease extension between
November 2019 to February 2022. RESULTS:the mean age observed was 57.43 ±11.03 years.There is strong percentage
agreement between clinical and MRI findings for parametrial invasion, vaginal invasion, hydronephrosis, adjacent
pelvic organ involvement and distant metastases with fair to moderate agreement with kappa coefficient except for
pelvic side wall involvement in which there was only slight agreement. MRI shows high sensitivity, specificity, PPV and
NPV of MRI in diagnosing disease extension in comparison to the histopathology findings. CONCLUSION: Carcinoma
cervix is primarily staged clinically as per FIGO guidelines but MRI can modify clinical staging and treatment options.
MRI is a reliable diagnostic tool for cervical cancer as it correlates strongly with histopathology
MUCINOUS CYSTADENOMA OF PANCREAS - A INCIDENTAL FINDING WITH CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Pavithran P. , Sivan M. , Thangamani P. , Kannan R.
Published: May 2022

Cystic neoplasm of pancreas ,a unique entity is gaining its importance due to increased incidence of it's diagnosis .The
increased frequency of the diagnosis can be attributed to the heightened usage of the cross sectional imaging such as
Computed Tomography ( CT ) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) .However elucidating the malignant potential of
those cysts in a pre operative imaging still remains a challenge and thus a line of demarcation between surveillance and
surgery is still undetermined.The differentiation between a serous and mucinous cyst is possible to a certain extent with
cross sectional imaging. Mucinous cystic neoplasm carries a high malignant potential compared to the serous
neoplasms and hence augmented tissue sampling is required to ascertain malignant potential. Herein presenting a 43
year old female who presented with vague abdominal pain and incidental finding of cystic lesion of the pancreas in
Ultrasonography diagnosed with mucinous cystic neoplasm of pancreas in further followup
Characterization of post-high-definition images
Authors: Santana Aldrin
Published: May 2022

This article presents how super high definition images came about, such as 2K, 4K and 8K images, with their characterizations, definitions and particular peculiarities, such as Ultra HD 4K or 4K Ultra HD and UHD 4K or 4K UHD and Super Hi-Vision – VHS; with so many existing formats, I've been naming them since 2013 with a single terminology: Post-high definition. The changes that have taken place in the culture of visualization and the impacts on society, entertainment and science are presented.
Covid, distance education and families. The Italian case within the international survey on family support to learning processes
Authors: Mori Sara , Panzavolta Silvia , Rosa Alessia
Published: May 2022

The COVID pandemic had countless repercussions on the family system, starting with the need to support young people in distance education training. Family and school realities have had to find new ways of relating with mutual overlap. Investigating how family members supported the learning of their children/grandchildren aged 6-16 was the aim of the international research activity coordinated by the University of Bath (UK). This contribution intends to account for the Italian data by exploring the possible relationships between the potential vulnerability factors of the pre-covid household and the activities that can be considered protective and supportive factors for households. The aim is not only to understand which competences and network systems have been activated in a period of exceptional gravity, but rather not to disperse, but on the contrary to enhance, those processes that have proved useful especially in fragile contexts.

 

Covid, DAD e famiglie. Il caso italiano in un’indagine internazionale sul sostegno familiare ai processi di apprendimento.

La pandemia di COVID ha avuto innumerevoli ripercussioni sul sistema famigliare a partire dalla necessità di supportare i giovani nelle attività di formazione in DAD. Le realtà familiari e scolastiche hanno dovuto trovare nuove modalità di relazione con un reciproco sconfinamento. Indagare come i membri della famiglia hanno sostenuto l’apprendimento dei loro figli/nipoti dai 6 ai 16 anni è stato l’obiettivo dell’attività di ricerca internazionale coordinata dall’università University di Bath (UK).Il presente contributo intende dar conto dei dati italiani esplorando le possibili relazione tra i fattori potenziali di vulnerabilità della famiglia pre-covid e le attività che possono essere considerate fattori di protezione e di supporto per i nuclei familiari. Non si tratta soltanto di comprendere quali competenze e sistemi di rete, sono stati attivati in un periodo di eccezionale gravità, quanto piuttosto non disperdere, ma al contrario valorizzare, quei processi che si sono dimostrati utili soprattutto nei contesti di fragilità.
Qualify formative processes by promoting inclusive practices: the case of B. Pascal High school
Authors: Giuliani Arianna
Published: May 2022

Promote inclusive processes by designing educational settings and activities seem to be confirmed as one of the most difficult challenges to which schools and teachers must respond. Encouraging the development, by all students, of engagement and skills useful for the future exercise of an active citizenship implies a broad commitment of teachers, as well as adequate mediation and co-planning skills of the specialized teacher. The contribution examines the results of a project conducted at the B. Pascal High school, based in Rome. Working with a class in which several students were supported by a specialized teacher, was focused the effectiveness that individual and small group reflection activities can have in enhancing communication and collaborative skills. The main evidence that emerged allow to highlight the effectiveness of the strategies used in promote an inclusive training experience.

 

Qualificare i processi formativi promuovendo pratiche inclusive: il caso dell’Istituto statale B. Pascal.

Predisporre setting educativi e progettare la didattica in modo da promuovere processi inclusivi sembrano confermarsi tra le sfide più ardue a cui le scuole e gli insegnanti devono rispondere. Favorire lo sviluppo, da parte di tutti gli studenti, dell’engagement e di competenze utili per il futuro esercizio di una cittadinanza attiva implica un ampio impegno degli insegnanti, nonché una adeguata capacità di mediazione e co-progettazione dell’insegnante specializzato. Il contributo approfondisce gli esiti di un percorso progettuale condotto presso l’Istituto statale B. Pascal di Roma. Nel lavorare con una classe in cui erano presenti più studenti affiancati dall’insegnante specializzato, l’attenzione è stata posta sull’efficacia che attività di riflessione individuale e di piccolo gruppo possono avere nel potenziamento delle capacità comunicative e collaborative. Le evidenze emerse consentono di evidenziare l’efficacia delle strategie utilizzate rispetto alla possibilità di predisporre un’esperienza formativa inclusiva.
Inclusion processes for persons with intellectual disability through multiple negotiation networks
Authors: Curto Natascia , Marchisio Cecilia Maria
Published: May 2022

This article explores multiple aspects of the inclusion processes related to the CRPD (Convention on the Rights of persons with disabilities) implementation process carried out in Asti (NW Italy) between 2016 and 2020. For the purpose of this article, data have been collected regarding the work of social work professionals, who supported individuals and families following the methodology of “enabling co-design”. The results show the necessity to allow interventions that create a support network to achieve full and equal citizenship, rethinking the transition to adult life through new epistemological categories that make it possible to overcome, both in theory and in practice, what is currently defined as a special adulthood. This goal may be achieved by adopting approaches that are more coherent with the scenario defined by the approval of the CRPD for the rights of persons with disabilities.

 

Processi di inclusione per persone con disabilità intellettiva attraverso le reti negoziali multiple.

Questo articolo esplora molteplici aspetti dei processi di inclusione relativi al percorso di attuazione della CRPD svolto ad Asti tra il 2016 e il 2020. Ai fini del presente articolo sono stati raccolti dati relativi al lavoro degli operatori che hanno sostenuto persone con disabilità e famiglie seguendo l’approccio della coprogettazione capacitante. I risultati mostrano la necessità di promuovere interventi che creino una rete di supporto per raggiungere una cittadinanza piena e paritaria, ripensando il passaggio alla vita adulta attraverso nuove categorie epistemologiche che permettano di superare, sia in teoria che in pratica, ciò che è attualmente definito come un adulto speciale. Questo obiettivo può essere raggiunto adottando approcci più coerenti con lo scenario definito dall'approvazione della CRPD per i diritti delle persone con disabilità.
Digital resilient narratives. Pedagogic gender frailties crossing time and space in emergency
Authors: Garista Patrizia , Coccimiglio Cristina
Published: May 2022

In times of crisis, vulnerable groups face more challenges and experience a greater sense of exclusion, due to being separated from positive relationships, caregivers, supporters. A challenge that many women face is having multiple identities as mothers, workers, wives, caregivers. However, fragility can become the wheel of positive change if well supported by technologies and appropriate educational strategies. We know how narratives can serve to hold all these identities together, creating a digital space, where everyone can recognize similar stories or share their own. This article proposes a theoretical reflection on gender frailties during the time of the pandemic, and reflects on spaces and time which generate digital resilient narratives.

 

Narrazioni digitali resilienti. Le fragilità educative al femminile attraversano spazi e tempi dell’emergenza.

In tempo di crisi, i gruppi vulnerabili devono affrontare più sfide e vivere di più la dimensione dell'esclusione, lontani da relazioni positive, caregivers, sostenitori. Tra loro, le donne si trovano a dover agire con le loro molteplici identità di madri, lavoratrici, mogli, caregivers. Tuttavia, la fragilità può essere riscattata se supportata da tecnologie e strategie educative e formative adeguate. Soprattutto sappiamo come le narrazioni condivise anche digitalmente creino uno spazio dove ognuno può riconoscere storie simili o condividerne una propria. Questo articolo propone una riflessione teoretica sulle fragilità attraverso uno sguardo di genere durante il periodo della pandemia, riflettendo su spazi e tempi che generano narrazioni resilienti digitali.
Access to Career Education and Work-related Learning: a complex literature review on equity and inclusion
Authors: Frison Daniela
Published: May 2022

The study presents a systematic literature review based on relevant articles at a national and international level and focused on equity and inclusion in the access to Career Education (CE) and Work-Related Learning (WRL) Opportunities. The systematic review was carried out following a defined process and the research identified 22 papers, 7 conceptual and 17 empirical. The study aims to identify factors that can facilitate or hinder access to CE and WRL and strategies by schools and universities to improve it.

 

Accesso a Career Education e Work-Related Learning: una analisi complessa della letteratura su equità e inclusione.

Il contributo presenta un’analisi sistematica della letteratura rintracciata a livello nazionale e internazionale con l’obiettivo di indagare i temi di equità e inclusione nell’accesso a programmi, progetti, interventi di Career Education (CE) e Work-Related Learning (WRL). I criteri di selezione adottati hanno condotto all’identificazione di 22 contributi, 7 concettuali e 15 empirici. Lo studio intende identificare fattori che possono facilitare o ostacolare l’accesso a CE e WRL e strategie che scuole e università possono attivare per incoraggiarlo.
The role of educational conditions in defining migratory potential: the case of the young people of the Ivory Coast
Authors: De Maria Francesco
Published: May 2022

The paper is part of the international debate on the theme of human mobility with a transversal and developing educational perspective in the field of Migration Studies. It presents a research work carried out in Ivory Coast on the potential educational dimension of migration related to the search for better living and working opportunities. We discuss the results related to the study of the educational conditions of a potential migrant subjects, considered as variables that affect the conformation of the migration aspiration and allow a better understanding of the situations in which the birth of the desire to leave can occur, regardless of the presence or absence of the ability to migrate. The research followed a qualitative-quantitative approach in line with the methodological framework of Mixed Methods Research, adopting an exploratory-sequential design, arriving at the construction of a transferable model of analysis of the migratory potential which is composed of four main categories: migration project, educational conditions, migratory aspiration and learning potential. The aim of this paper is to present the results to the second category.

 

Il ruolo delle condizioni educative nella definizione del potenziale migratorio: il caso dei giovani della Costa d’Avorio.

Il contributo si colloca all’interno del dibattito internazionale sul tema della mobilità umana con una prospettiva educativa trasversale e in divenire nell’ambito dei Migration Studies. Si presenta un lavoro di ricerca realizzato in Costa d’Avorio sulla dimensione formativa potenziale della migrazione legata alla ricerca di migliori opportunità di vita e di lavoro. Nello specifico vengono discussi i risultati relativi allo studio delle condizioni educative di un pubblico potenziale migrante, considerate come variabili che incidono nella conformazione dell’aspirazione migratoria e che permettono una maggiore comprensione delle situazioni in cui può verificarsi la nascita del desiderio di partire, a prescindere dalla presenza o meno della capacità di emigrare. La ricerca ha seguito un approccio quali-quantitativo in linea con l’impianto metodologico dei Mixed Methods Research, adottando un disegno di tipo esplorativo-sequenziale, arrivando alla costruzione di un modello di analisi del potenziale migratorio trasferibile e composto da quattro categorie principali: progetto di migrazione, condizioni educative, aspirazione migratoria e potenziale di conoscenza. Ai fini del presente lavoro, vengono qui presentati i risultati relativi alla seconda delle quattro categorie.
Formação e inclusão de um surdo
Authors: Santos Adriano Pinheiro de Andrade , Aguiar Ana Lúcia Oliveira , Fernandes Stenio de Brito
Published: May 2022

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender as contribuições da Língua Brasileira de Sinais - LIBRAS para a vida e formação da pessoa surda no processo de construção do conhecimento e autonomia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como metodologia a pesquisa (auto)biográfica como instrumento de investigação por meio das narrativas de um sujeito surdo. Os resultados apontaram que a LIBRAS proporcionou a pessoa surda uma construção do conhecimento e autonomia, com esse conhecimento a pessoa surda ressignificou momentos de superação a partir da reconstrução de si na convivência com o outro no seu dia a dia, oportunizando refazer seu caminho de vida e formação. Com base nas histórias de vida e formação do sujeito, as narrativas (auto)biográficas nortearam a compreensão de como ocorre a inserção do sujeito surdo no seu cotidiano, e abre um leque de possibilidades para futuros questionamentos acerca do processo de inclusão do sujeito surdo na sociedade, propiciando a (auto)formação construída no processo de (auto)conhecimento de si.
Educación virtual en pandemia desde la mirada de estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad
Authors: Kitaoka Lizarraga Elba Sayoko , Chávez Espinoza José Antonio
Published: May 2022

En la sociedad del conocimiento, el progreso social por nación se mide a través del Indice de Desarrollo Humano, que incluye 3 aspectos fundamentales, entre los cuales se encuentra el índice de educación. sin embargo, no podemos hablar de educación de calidad si no contempla ofrecer ambientes inclusivos accesibles para el desarrollo integral estudiantil. El estudio tiene como objetivo difundir experiencias del proceso educativo a través de la virtualidad desde los estudiantes con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo a causa de una condición de discapacidad. La metodología consistió en aplicar una entrevista estructurada a 383 estudiantes de diferentes unidades regionales que conforman la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, rescatando elementos emocionales, de apoyo recibido por programas de atención estudiantil, situación respecto a la pandemia y uso sobre herramientas de tecnología educativa. Instrumento validado a través de juicio de expertos, y piloteado desde 30 estudiantes en condiciones de aplicación en contexto real. Los resultados indican, 72.1% corresponden al nivel medio, 24.3% nivel superior, y el resto a nivel posgrado. Las principales condiciones que los estudiantes manifestaron presentar se encuentran discapacidad psicosocial 34.6%, 10.4% visual, 5.3% intelectual y síndrome de down, 7.4% trastornos del aprendizaje, 8.7% discapacidad auditiva y 10.4% discapacidad motriz. Sobre su experiencia educativa, el 40.8% presentó estrés, 37.9% ansiedad y 25.4% tristeza. Se concluye que un alto porcentaje experimentó situaciones emocionales que requieren atención, aspecto que la institución encauza a través de los diversos programas de apoyo estudiantil, entre ellos, el Programa Atención a la Diversidad – ADIUAS.
“El Extraño caso de la estudiante que necesita apoyos”
Authors: Schewe Lelia
Published: May 2022

El texto aborda algunas controversias sobre la accesibilidad en un contexto universitario, a partir de una investigación en curso denominada “Inclusión de Estudiantes con Discapacidad en la Universidad. Parte II” (16H1178IDP) realizada en la Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Argentina. A partir de la incorporación de investigadores con discapacidad al proyecto, nos planteamos como objetivo analizar en las prácticas docentes universitarias la forma en que se presentan las violencias capacitistas, a partir de la realización de entrevistas y el análisis de clases virtuales. Como primeros resultados, nos encontramos con una problemática: la responsabilidad sobre los apoyos que necesitan estudiantes con discapacidad. El texto se titula “El extraño caso de la estudiante que necesita apoyos” por uno de los relatos que forma parte de la investigación: una situación de violencia capacitista explícita a partir de la solicitud de apoyo de una estudiante con discapacidad visual.
Emprendimiento de personas con discapacidad en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Miranda Azurduy Franz Ariel
Published: May 2022

Las personas con discapacidad se encuentran en una situación estructural de desventaja y enfrentan barreras que en el contexto de la pandemia complejizan más aun sus posibilidades de tener empleo, desarrollar emprendimientos o avanzar en su actividad profesional o productiva. Por esta razón el presente trabajo tiene como propósito realizar un análisis comparativo de Bolivia con Latinoamérica en la temática de emprendimientos de personas con discapacidad entre el periodo 2020 - 2021. La metodología que se adopta es de carácter cualitativo, con revisión bibliografía que por la cantidad tuvo que ser procesada con la aplicación voyant tools. El principal resultado encontrado es la necesidad de robustecer ecosistemas que permitan la apertura y fortalecimiento de negocios liderizados por personas con discapacidad.
As políticas públicas de educação inclusiva
Authors: Nonato Osvaldo Campos Dos Santos , Costa Ademárcia Lopes de Oliveira
Published: May 2022

Antigamente o deficiente era visto com preconceito e desprezo por grande parte da sociedade, sendo estigmatizados por sua condição, estando sempre à margem da sociedade. Neste contexto, se insere este estudo com o objetivo de analisar as políticas públicas de inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência implementadas no Brasil no período de 1996 a 2016, que favoreceram a construção de “um sistema educacional inclusivo”. Desenvolvemos este estudo através das pesquisas bibliográ?cas e documental. Os resultados evidenciam que no Brasil, a legislação inclusiva teve significativos avanços com as Leis de diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional nº4.024/1961 e, posteriormente a nº5.692/1971, a educação especial passa a ser um direito de todos, ingressando este público cada vez mais no ensino regular. Em 1988, a Constituição Federal enfatiza que a escola é direito de todos e dever do estado em ofertar escolas adequadas e vagas para que todos possam ter o privilégio de receber um ensino de qualidade, diminuindo a taxa de analfabetismo e desistências. Com a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional nº 9.394/96, tem-se mais um significativo marco legal na garantia do direito do deficiente a escola regular. Concluiu-se que é inegável os direitos adquiridos pelas pessoas com deficiência, mas muito ainda precisa ser feito para que essas pessoas tenham, de fato, acesso pleno não só a escola regular, mas a sociedade de um modo geral.
Entomocomplex of onions in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Kudla V. , Tkalenko G. , Ignat V.
Published: May 2022

Goal. To monitor the phytosanitary condition of onion crops in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and to establish the species composition of dominant pests.

Methods. The research was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methodological recommendations in entomology.

Results. As a result of long-term monitoring of onion crops, 12 species of phytophages from the ranks of Coleoptera — 46.2%, Lepidoptera — 23.1%, Diptera — 15.4%, Thysanoptera — 10.4%, Orthoptera — 5.0% and others. In the phase of leaf development (main shoot) (ВВСН 1—19) the most harmful are soil-dwelling pests: larvae of Agriotes sputator L. and Agriotes lineatus L.; larvae of the Melolontha melolontha L., the Melolontha hippocastani F), the Amphimallon solstitialis L.; Scotia segetum Schiff. and Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. In the phase of the beginning of thickening of the base of the leaves — bulb formation (ВВСН 41—43) phytophages dominate: onion fly (Delia antique Mg.), onion trips (Trips tabaci Lind.), Ceuthorrhynchus jakovlevi Schulzer.

Conclusions. It was studied that with the number of soil pests 1.5—2.8 specimens/m2, plant damage is 24.6—28.3%, which is the reason for the liquefaction of crop density. It has been established that significant damage to onion crops is caused by the onion fly (Delia antique Mg.), the period of harmfulness of which lasts throughout the growing season. During the years of research, the flight of the phytophagous adult took place in the third decade of April — first decade of May, at the sum of active CAT temperatures (> 5°C) = 104—131°С. Mass flight of the pest was observed in the II—III decades of May, at an average daily air temperature of 12.8—17.4°C.
Inheritance peculiarities of resistance to Septoria leaf spot on sunflower in F1 hybrids
Authors: Levytska Kh. , Lyakh V.
Published: May 2022

Goal. To find out the peculiarities of inheritance of the resistance level to Septoria leaf spot by sunflower hybrids of the first generation obtained from crossing the lines with different disease resistance.

Methods. Field assessment of resistance to pathogen of sunflower breeding lines and F1 hybrids obtained from crossing the lines.

Results. Differences in Septoria leaf spot resistance in sunflower breeding lines on a stationary infectious background were found. Among the lines, the most affected by Septoria leaf spot was the line ZL58A and had from 88.8% to 97.9% of plants with symptoms of the disease. ZL70A and ZL78A lines were significantly less affected by desease than the previous line. Healthy plants for two years of research in these samples were from 73.3% to 87.5%. The HAR7 line was close to the previous two lines, the number of diseased plants varied in different years from 16.7% to 40%, and without lesions from 60% to 83.3%. This line had some differences in the intensity of the disease during the two experimental years. As a result of the study, it was found that the hybrid ZL58A × HAR7 was most affected by Septoria leaf spot. The number of affected plants in both years of research ranged from 80.8% to 90.3%. This sample was susceptible to the disease, as well as the maternal line ZL58A. Hybrids of the first generation of the combinations ZL70A × HAR7 and ZL78A × HAR7 were the least affected. In two years of research, these hybrids had between 60% and 79% of healthy plants and 21% to 40% with symptoms of the disease, respectively. These hybrids are relatively resistant to the disease, as well as their maternal and paternal components.

Conclusions. The type of inheritance of resistance to Septoria leaf spot by sunflower hybrids is revealed implies the presence of cytoplasmic effects or control of this trait by nuclear genes where susceptibility to the disease is the dominant feature and resistance is recessive.
Effects of ultrasonic-assisted alkaline pretreatment on xylose production from pineapple peel waste
Authors: Hongkulsup Choosit , Pathanibul Panchalee
Published: May 2022

The pineapple industry generates large amounts of unusable waste (peel and core) with adverse environmental impacts. This experimental study aims to systemize the potential of ultrasonic-assisted alkaline pretreatment for xylose production from pineapple peel waste. The best condition for single alkaline pretreatment (1 % NaOH w/v, 100 °C, 60 min) has obtained hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin composition at 34.80 %, 32.16 %, and 8.66 %, respectively, retained in the biomass. Meanwhile, a combination of alkaline (1 % NaOH, w/v) and ultrasonic (frequency 40 kHz, 45 min) pretreatment has obtained the percentage yield of hemicellulose and lignin at 51.15 % and 7.15 %, respectively. Both single alkaline and ultrasonic-assisted alkaline pretreated samples were subsequently hydrolyzed with 2 % H2SO4 (w/v). After acid hydrolysis for 30 min, the maximum xylose concentration of 48.85 g.L-1 was achieved by using ultrasonic-assisted alkaline pretreatment, while single alkaline pretreatment contributed to the lowest yield of xylose (37.11 g.L-1). It is shown that the ultrasonic-assisted alkaline treatment is more favorable than single alkaline pretreatment as it can produce high xylose concentration after the subsequent hydrolysis. These results indicated that ultrasonic-assisted alkaline pretreatment and its subsequent acid hydrolysis were appropriate for producing xylose from pineapple peel waste.
Sentence Creep: Increasing Penalties in Michigan and the Need for Sentencing Reform
Authors: Yantus Anne
Published: May 2022

The governor and several legislators have requested review of Michigan’s sentencing practices with an eye toward sentence reform. Michigan leads the country in the average length of prison stay, and by internal comparisons the average minimum sentence has nearly doubled in the last decade. This Article explores cumulative increases to criminal penalties over the last several decades as reflected in amendments to the sentencing guidelines, increased maximum sentences, harsh mandatory minimum terms, increased authority for consecutive sentencing, wide sentencing discretion for habitual and repeat drug offenders, and tough parole practices and policies. The reality for legislators is that it is much easier to increase a penalty than to decrease it, but the continued incremental increases in penalty and sentence length over the years have led Michigan to the point of necessary sentence reform.
Special Kids, Special Parents, Special Education
Authors: Czapanskiy Karen
Published: May 2022

Many parents are raising children whose mental, physical, cognitive, emotional, or developmental issues diminish their capacity to be educated in the same ways as other children. Over six million of these children receive special education services under mandates of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, called the IDEA. Once largely excluded from public education, these children are now entitled to a “free appropriate public education,” or FAPE. This Article argues that the promise of the IDEA cannot be realized unless more attention is paid to the child’s parents. Under the IDEA, as in life, the intermediary between the child and the educational system is the child’s parent. The law appears to empower parents to participate in the planning, execution, and revision of the child’s individual educational plan. The experience of parents, however, is often not empowering, to the detriment of both child and parent. Instead, many parents confront school systems that fail to support parental competence or help parents conserve their resources. This Article proposes three significant reforms to the special education system that better serve the needs of parents while improving the chances that children in need of special education will receive it. The three reforms are: (1) requiring schools to help parents be in touch with each other; (2) requiring school systems to commit to common special educational plans through a public process; and (3) adopting universal design pedagogies in general education when practicable. Although the most expensive of the three proposals is the preference for universal design pedagogies, the most controversial is requiring school systems to commit to common special educational plans for similarly-situated children. If the proposal were adopted, every child with the same problem would be provided with the same educational plan. The individualized plan now mandated would be provided only where a child’s situation is an uncommon one. None of the proposed reforms is cost-free. I conclude by demonstrating that the costs of parent-oriented reforms are justified in order to comply with congressional expectations, for reasons of pragmatism, and to advance social justice for parents with special needs children as compared with other parents and with each other.
Fisher V. Texas: The Limits of Exhaustion and the Future of Race-Conscious University Admissions
Authors: powell john , Menendian Stephen
Published: May 2022

This Article investigates the potential ramifications of Fisher v. Texas and the future of race-conscious university admissions. Although one cannot predict the ultimate significance of the Fisher decision, its brief and pregnant statements of law portends an increasingly perilous course for traditional affirmative action programs. Part I explores the opinions filed in Fisher, with a particular emphasis on Justice Kennedy’s opinion on behalf of the Court. We focus on the ways in which the Fisher decision departs from precedent, proscribes new limits on the use of race in university admissions, and tightens requirements for narrow tailoring. Part II investigates the limits of the exhaustion requirement as a matter of logic, law, and policy. We focus on the necessity and exhaustion prongs of narrow tailoring with respect to the use of race in admissions. We will complicate the necessity analysis by illustrating the practical difficulties of employing race-neutral alternatives and by highlighting how this inquiry is fraught with administrative and conceptual challenges. Part III underscores the challenges presented in Part II by attempting to navigate the distinction between general race-consciousness and the use of individual racial classifications. We will explore the possibilities for university admissions committees to pursue racial and socio-economic diversity, including the opportunity-enrollment model. As a reference, we will survey integrative alternatives used in the wake of the Parents Involved decisions and suggest how colleges and universities could apply a similar set of principles and methods. We will also note the challenges facing such approaches on the scale of university admissions. We will conclude by arguing that race-conscious admissions are necessary, yet increasingly administratively challenging. The standards for narrow tailoring demand expertise beyond the skills and the resources of university admissions committees and call for more administratively cumbersome university standards. Given the extant realities of our educational system, courts should provide more leeway, not less, to universities pursuing the compelling interests of promoting student body diversity and reducing racial isolation. In the absence or relative unavailability of such resources and technical expertise, and until such deference from courts is forthcoming, universities should rely on the Supreme Court’s safe harbor by aggressively pursuing viable race-neutral alternatives with promising outcomes.
Opening Schumer’s Box: The Empirical Foundations of Modern Consumer Finance Disclosure Law
Authors: Harvey Hosea
Published: May 2022

This Article explores the fundamental failure of Congress’ twenty-five-year quest to utilize disclosure as the primary tool to both regulate credit card issuers and educate consumers. From inception until present, reforms to this disclosure regime, even when premised on judgment and decision-making behavioralism, were nomothetic in orientation and ignored clear differences in population behavior and the heterogeniety of consumers. Current law prohibits credit card issuers from acquiring consumer socio-demographic data and prevents issuers and regulators from using market and policy experimentation to enhance disclosure’s efficacy. To explain why this regime was structured this way and why it must change, this Article contains four key sections: (1) a comprehensive review of the creation of our modern consumer credit card regulatory scheme; (2) a survey of the empirical evidence used to update and expand that disclosure-centered regime over twenty-five years; (3) an account of why the existing scheme’s disclosure function substantially fails, notwithstanding recent reforms; and (4) an argument that to achieve optimal credit card disclosure efficacy, the law must permit issuers to acquire and utilize customer socio-demographic information, including race, gender, and other characteristics.
Constructive Ambiguity: IP Licenses as a Case Study
Authors: Shur-Ofry Michal , Tur-Sinai Ofer
Published: May 2022

Ambiguity in contracts is often perceived as undesirable. A certain level of ambiguity, however, can have significant virtues: reducing transaction costs associated with foreseeing and negotiating remote contingencies; facilitating the closing of efficient transactions that would not otherwise close; increasing the adaptability and “anti-fragility” of contracts in the face of unforeseen developments; and preserving trust between the parties. Some contracts are more likely to benefit from a certain degree of ambiguity. Relying on multi-disciplinary literature, this Article systematically analyzes ambiguity’s merits and identifies three principal features of transactions that are positively correlated to the virtues of ambiguity: (1) long duration, (2) relational nature, and (3) complexity and uncertainty of the transaction and the relevant markets. As a case study, this Article considers intellectual property (IP) licenses negotiated between sophisticated parties. IP license agreements exhibit the above three transactional features, which are tightly linked to the unique attributes of intellectual property, including its non-rival nature, tacit knowledge surrounding formal IP rights, and significant uncertainty embedded in IP rights and markets. This Article thus concludes that IP licenses constitute paradigmatic candidates for “constructive ambiguity.” This Article further demonstrates that within a specific transaction ambiguity may be more effective for certain types of provisions and topics and proposes new guidelines for addressing ambiguity in a given contract. This Article’s proposal is based on a distinction between core and periphery issues, which it measures using three parameters: (1) probability, (2) significance, and (3) timing. When, from an ex ante perspective, the relevant provision concerns the core aspects of the transaction, ambiguity is generally unwarranted, and courts’ ex post treatment of it should be less tolerant. Yet, when the provision is closer to the periphery of the transaction, ambiguity is often efficient, and courts reviewing the contract should treat it more liberally. While the proposed model addresses ambiguity in IP licenses as its case study, it can have broader implications for contract law in general.
TREINAMENTO DE FORÇA E A PREVENÇÃO DE QUEDAS NA TERCEIRA IDADE
Authors: Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi , Vilela Junior Guanis de Barros , Martins Gustavo Celestino , Oliveira José Ricardo Lourenço de , Almeida Klebson da Silva , Pereira Adriano de Almeida , Carvalho Alexandre Freitas de , Martelli Anderson , Lima Bráulio Nascimento , Silio Luis Felipe , Rodrigues Marcelo Francisco , Maneschy Mariela de Santana , Guedes Uebister Igor Dos Santos , Fileni Carlos Henrique Prevital , Pádua Keylla dos Santos , Farias Aghata Cris Larrana de , Oliveira Suyane da Costa , Pinheiro Yasmin Mendes , Errero Adriana Pontes , Passos Ricardo Pablo , Carvalho Anderson dos Santos
Published: May 2022

Objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os aspectos que levam a quedas em pessoas idosas e como preveni-las através do treinamento de força. Métodos: foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, dissertações, teses e artigos científicos. Resultados: Diferentes pesquisas demonstraram a eficácia na prevenção de quedas em idosos praticantes de diferentes tipos de exercícios físicos. Conclusão: o treinamento de força é eficaz para o fortalecimento da musculatura em idosos, assim, força máxima, potência e equilíbrio. Desta forma é necessário estimular a prática de diferentes exercícios físico.
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY: TO ASSESS THE THERAPEUTIC OUTCOME AND PREVALENCE OF NEUROLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE EFFECTS IN PATIENTS TAKING ANTIEPILEPTIC MEDICATION
Authors: Nikhilesh Andhi  , A. Tulasi  , V. Ranjith Reddy  , C S Pooja Rao
Published: May 2022

Epilepsy is defined as chronic non-communicable disease of brain affecting 50 million people worldwide. It can be distinguished by repeated seizures of an involuntary movement which involves partial body or entire body which sometimes is accompanied by loss of consciousness. The episodes of seizures are a result of excessive electrical discharges in the brain.1
70 million, people in the world have epilepsy marking the world’s second most common neurological disorder.2 With a conservative evidence, an estimate of 1% epilepsy of prevalence more than 12 million people are with epilepsy in India. At global level the prevalence of epilepsy is 5-9 per 1000 population. Most of male than female is said to be affected with epilepsy with overall a lesser difference. According to the Global Data, over 5 million are diagnosed by epilepsy each year.2 The Comparison between High Income countries and Middle- and low-income countries shows us that epilepsy is more prevalent in middle- and low-income countries due to many endemic conditions and a higher incidence of road injuries, birth-related injuries which are not taken care at the earliest, poor health education and no optimal medical infrastructure.
Nutritional implications of exogenous proteases in fish feeding
Authors: Schneider Thamara Luísa Staudt , Lazzari Rafael
Published: May 2022

The increase in demand for fish production drives the search for food strategies to maximize productivity. In this review, the nutritional implications of the use of exogenous proteases on fish growth were described. Exogenous proteases help in digestive processes, acting in the hydrolysis of macromolecules and in the release of smaller particles, such as amino acids and peptides. Dietary supplementation improves fish growth, mainly due to the availability and greater use of nutrients. The action of proteases is directly linked to better intake, feed efficiency and protein synthesis. On the other hand, enzyme activity depends on substrate and dietary composition as there are limitations on digestibility. Furthermore, in feed processing, thermal stability and the form of inclusion of the protease influence its efficiency. However, the increase in fish weight gain can offset the cost of including the enzyme in the diet. However, there are still gaps regarding the effects of protease in fish feeding, for example, enzyme: specific substrate and enzyme: digestive system ratio; and, stabilization technologies (mainly extruded diets), so further studies are needed.