bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inverse design of aircraft cabin environment using computational fluid dynamics-based proper orthogonal decomposition method
Authors: Wang Jihong , (Tim) Zhang Tengfei , Zhou Hongbiao , Wang Shugang
Published: July 2017

To design a comfortable aircraft cabin environment, designers conventionally follow an iterative guess-and-correction procedure to determine the air-supply parameters. The conventional method has an extremely low efficiency but does not guarantee an optimal design. This investigation proposed an inverse design method based on a proper orthogonal decomposition of the thermo-flow data provided by full computational fluid dynamics simulations. The orthogonal spatial modes of the thermo-flow fields and corresponding coefficients were firstly extracted. Then, a thermo-flow field was expressed into a linear combination of the spatial modes with their coefficients. The coefficients for each spatial mode are functions of air-supply parameters, which can be interpolated. With a quick map of the cause–effect relationship between the air-supply parameters and the exhibited thermo-flow fields, the optimal air-supply parameters were determined from specific design targets. By setting the percentage of dissatisfied and the predicted mean vote as design targets, the proposed method was implemented for inverse determination of air-supply parameters in two aircraft cabins. The results show that the inverse design using computational fluid dynamics-based proper orthogonal decomposition method is viable. Most of computing time lies in the construction of data samples of thermo-flow fields, while the proper orthogonal decomposition analysis and data interpolation is efficient.
Dark play as a misrecognized need for redistributing (digital) goods: An example from an egalitarian society
Authors: Sadownik Alicja R
Published: July 2017

This article contextualizes the dark sides of play from a cultural-historical perspective using Fraser’s theory of social justice based on the concepts of recognition and redistribution. Through a micro-ethnographic analysis of a kindergarten’s daily life and play situations between 2 five-year-old girls, the article describes the dark play from a societal perspective (increasing economic and, thereby, digital inequalities), institutional perspective (the Norwegian kindergarten’s pedagogy of recognition) and individual perspective (the children’s motives to redistribute (digital) goods). The girls described in the article represent radically different backgrounds, but they attend the same kindergarten located in a disadvantaged neighbourhood in a large city in Norway. Insight into their play and their kindergarten’s daily routines provides knowledge about institutional recognition practices that maintain existing inequalities, as well as the children’s motives, which are anchored in the modus of redistribution. The misrecognized redistribution motives lead to activities of compensation and revenge performed in play situations.
I’m not afraid: Zombies, video games, and life after death
Authors: Roselló Jarod
Published: July 2017

My daughter has always been drawn to the frightening and the spooky, with a special interest in zombies. When she was four years old, she and I played a zombie video game together which instigated a series of zombie-related events. This article is a collection of metonymic moments rendered in comics and writing, that revisits these events as memories and experiences grouped conceptually, aesthetically, and narratively around zombies. Presented as a series of narrative fragments, this article explores the tension between parenthood and childhood, and considers the chaotic, unpredictable, and pedagogical entanglements between storytelling, literacy, drawing, and playing.
Playing in the dark with online games for girls
Authors: Sinker Rebecca , Phillips Mike , Rijke Victoria de
Published: July 2017

Pregnant Rapunzel Emergency is part of a series of online free games aimed at young girls ( forhergames.com or babygirlgames.com ), where dozens of characters from fairy tales, children’s toys and media feature in recovery settings, such as ‘Barbie flu’. The range of games available to choose from includes not only dressing, varnishing nails or tidying messy rooms, but also rather more troubling options such as extreme makeovers, losing weight, or a plethora of baby showers, cravings, hospital pregnancy checks, births (including caesarean), postnatal ironing, washing and baby care. Taking the online game Pregnant Rapunzel Emergency as an exemplar of a current digital trend, the authors explore the workings of ‘dark digital play’ from a number of perspectives – one by each named author. The game selected has (what may appear to adults) several disturbing features in that the player is invited to treat wounds of the kind of harm that might usually be associated with domestic violence towards women.
The deliberative influence of comment section structure
Authors: Peacock Cynthia , Scacco Joshua M , Jomini Stroud Natalie
Published: July 2017

Online news comment sections are a ubiquitous presence across media outlets. Although research has assessed both the content and effects of these comment spaces, little is known about how the structure of comment spaces influences news users’ online commentary. As democratic theorists argue, the structure of a communicative space can influence its deliberative quality. We conducted two separate experiments to determine how news comment section structure affects online commentary. We found that both comment section structure and the structure of pre-comment information enhanced both the quantity of comment engagement and its deliberative quality.
Intra-city differences in psychotropic drug use: a Nigerian scene
Authors: Famuyiwa O.O.
Published: July 2017

In a study of prescribing practice in 3 psychiatric institutions in Lagos, Nigeria, patterns of psychotropic drug use were generally unsatisfactory in terms of poly-pharmacy, high frequency of daily multiple administrations and prolonged use of minor tranquillisers. These deficiencies were noticeable in one of the hospitals that had the lowest doctor:patient ratio with consequent greatest workload, employed the 'medical model' as its main practice-orientation and that bore responsibility for a large part of community psychiatric morbidity. The widespread use of anti-parkinsonian agents had some rationality in view of the grossly inadequate community-based facilities needed to control drug induced extra-pyramidal side-effects. Improving psychiatric services, through personnel training, sufficient funding and the realisation of the need for therapists to conform to acceptable rules of drug prescribing, would help tremendously to minimise the vagaries and anomalies of drug use observed.
BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ('Mad Cow Disease')
Authors: Institute of Food Science & Technology (UK)
Published: July 2017

The issue of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is one of great concern to all members of the Society and we have had many requests for clarification of the scientific issues involved. Conflicting and disturbing claims and statements have been made in the press, confusing the issue.

The definitive distillation of what is currently known is contained in the Position Statements produced by the Institute of Food Science & Technology (UK) and they have kindly allowed us to reproduce the most recent one below.
Sensitivity analysis for incomplete categorical data
Authors: Kenward Michael G , Goetghebeur Els JT , Molenberghs Geert
Published: July 2017

Classical inferential procedures induce conclusions from a set of data to a population of interest, accounting for the imprecision resulting from the stochastic component of the model. This is usually done by means of precision or interval estimates. Less attention is devoted to the uncertainty arising from (unplanned) incompleteness in the data, even though the majority of clinical studies suffer from incomplete follow-up. Through the choice of an identifiable model for non-ignorable non-response, one narrows the possible data generating mechanisms to the point where inference only suffers from imprecision. Some proposals have been made for assessment of sensitivity to these modeling assumptions; many are based on fitting several plausible but competing models. We propose a formal approach which identifies and incorporates both sources of uncertainty in inference: imprecision due to finite sampling and ignorance due to incompleteness. The developments focus on contingency tables, and are illustrated using data from a HIV prevalence study and data from a psychiatric study.
Binormal association-marginal models for empirically evaluating and comparing diagnostics
Authors: Lang Joseph B , Aspelund Thor
Published: July 2017

Anew method for empirically evaluating and comparing two diagnostics is introduced. Specifically, correlated ordinal rating data from a paired-comparison study are modelled using a flexible, new class of binormal association-marginal (BAM) models. Among other things, these models, which are fitted via maximum likelihood (ML), afford efficient estimators of (i) the diagnostics’ receiver operating characteristic curves and (ii) the level of manifest agreement between the diagnostics. BAM models use the latent binormal structure of classic signal detection theory to model each ordinal response marginal distribution. In contrast to bivariate binormal models, BAM models do not impose the added restriction that the ordinal responses have joint distributions that are determined by latent bivariate normal distributions. Instead, the association structure of the ordinal variables is directly specified using standard loglinear models. An ML fitting algorithm, which is related to those algorithms used to fit composite-link generalized linear marginal models, is introduced. The method is illustrated through the analyses of a neonatal radiograph data set and a simulated data set.
Models for zero-inflated count data using the Neyman type A distribution
Authors: Dobbie Melissa J , Welsh Alan H
Published: July 2017

We explore the possibility of modelling zero-inflated count data using the Neyman type A distribution. We extend three parameterizations of the Neyman type A distribution to allow their parameters to depend on covariates. We develop models which relate counts of Leadbeater’s possum to various habitat variables to illustrate the methodology. Half-normal plots are constructed for each model to explore the quality of the fit. We then formally compare the Neyman type A models using the method of Cox to test non-nested hypotheses. Finally, we compare each of the Neyman type A models with a model from a competing family, the conditional Poisson model.
Enjoying death among gamers, viewers, and users: A network visualization of Dark Souls 3’s trends on Twitch.tv and Steam platforms
Authors: Gandolfi Enrico
Published: July 2017

In current Game Research, gaming service platforms such as PlayStation Network, Steam, and Twitch.tv represent a still poorly investigated topic. Despite the millions of monthly viewers and members, little efforts have been done to shed light on their dynamics and trends. This article aims to address such a lack by presenting the findings of an empirical inquiry guided by the key concepts of “platform” and “actor–network theory” with the support of a novel network visualization technique. Specifically, the role-playing game Dark Souls 3–related activity on Steam and Twitch.tv was collected for the first 20 days from the release (12 April–1 May 2016). Targeted data concerned several variables among which: most viewed streamers, streaming types, debating topics and reviews’ highlights on Steam (etc.) through screenshots, user-generated content, and text gathering. Data were processed and then visualized with the network-oriented software Gephi for uncovering associations and patterns in the targeted online environments. The action game The Division worked as an exploratory case study and counter-example for stressing the proposal. Although with some limitations, the visualization strategy adopted (four networks for each platform) proved to be effective in framing and communicating the results in a straightforward way. Finally, findings enlightened a phenomenon (i.e. gaming service platforms), that is, getting increasingly central in digital entertainment, and might inform further investigations with alternative designs and focuses.
Homophily in higher education: Historicizing the AERA member-to-fellow pipeline using theories of social reproduction and social networks
Authors: Hartlep Nicholas D , Hensley Brandon O , Wells Kevin E , Brewer T Jameson , Ball Daisy , McLaren Peter
Published: July 2017

This study examines select demographics of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) Fellows ( n = 644), and whether or not the cohorts of AERA Fellows are becoming more diverse in racial and gender terms in relation to the inaugural year of Fellows in 2008. This study tests the mission statement of this exclusive program to ‘… recognize excellence in research and be inclusive of the scholarship that constitutes and enriches education research as an interdisciplinary field’. Our findings suggest that homophily – a sociological phenomenon that describes the ways in which individuals and institutions prefer sameness – is a real problem in higher education, and programs such as the AERA Fellowship are not accomplishing their mission to recognize the research of faculty of color, women faculty, and faculty in interdisciplinary fields. In contrast to the AERA Fellows mission statement, we find that the Fellowship program relies on homophilous social networks in selecting AERA Fellows and, in turn, reinforces social reproduction in higher education.
Do Activity Level Outcome Measures Commonly Used in Neurological Practice Assess Upper-Limb Movement Quality?
Authors: Demers Marika , Levin Mindy F.
Published: July 2017

Background. Movement is described in terms of task-related end point characteristics in external space and movement quality (joint rotations in body space). Assessment of upper-limb (UL) movement quality can assist therapists in designing effective treatment approaches for retraining lost motor elements and provide more detailed measurements of UL motor improvements over time. Objective. To determine the extent to which current activity level outcome measures used in neurological practice assess UL movement quality. Methods. Outcome measures assessing arm/hand function at the International Classification of Function activity level recommended by neurological clinical practice guidelines were reviewed. Measures assessing the UL as part of a general mobility assessment, those strictly evaluating body function/structure or participation, and paediatric measures were excluded. Results. In all, 15 activity level outcome measures were identified; 9 measures assess how movement is performed by measuring either end point characteristics or movement quality. However, except for the Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke and the Motor Evaluation Scale for Upper Extremity in Stroke Patients, these measures only account for deficits indirectly by giving a partial score if movements are slower or if the person experiences difficulties. Six outcome measures neither assess any parameters related to movement quality, nor distinguish between improvements resulting from motor compensation or recovery of desired movement strategies. Conclusion. Current activity measures may not distinguish recovery from compensation and adequately track changes in movement quality over time. Movement quality may be incorporated into clinical assessment using observational kinematics with or without low-cost motion tracking technology.
Torque coordinated control in engine starting process for a single-motor hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Hu Minghui , Jiang Guochang , Fu Chunyun , Qin Datong
Published: July 2017

To tackle the excessive output torque ripple during engine starting process of parallel hybrid electric vehicles, the engine starting process is divided into three phases in this study: engine cranking phase, speed synchronization phase, and after synchronization phase. The expressions of the vehicle jerk are derived from the vehicle dynamic formula in each phase, and the influences of various parameters on the jerk are analyzed. The coordinated control strategy for the clutch pressure and motor torque and that for the motor torque and engine torque are proposed. The simulation model for the single-motor parallel hybrid electric vehicle is established using MATLAB/Simulink, and the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms is verified. Besides, a bench test is conducted and the test results show that the selected change rates of clutch pressure, motor torque, and engine torque can effectively coordinate the relation between clutch, motor, and engine. It can be concluded that the proposed control strategy satisfies the requirement of vehicle ride performance in engine starting in-motion process.
Sensitivity analysis of nuclear main pump annular casing tongue blend
Authors: Cheng Xiaorui , Bao Wenrui , Fu Li , Ye Xiaoting
Published: July 2017

Based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations of relative coordinates and the RNG k-ε turbulence model, using our SIMPLE algorithm, we performed numerical simulations for an AP1000 nuclear main pump model with water as the medium. By changing the size of the tongue blend in the annular casing, seven different schemes were designed. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted for the flow within the pump under various settings, and the flow characteristics of the annular casing using different tongue blends were obtained. The results show that for different operating conditions, there is a specific tongue blend that optimizes pump performance. Based on the calculation results, a larger tongue blend leads to a larger flow rate. Off-design conditions caused flow instability, which in turn caused the tongue blend to have a certain impact on the performance of the impeller. However, the performance of the pump was not primarily affected by changes in the impeller performance, but was instead affected by the performance of the annular casing, which was itself affected by tongue blend. When changing the tongue blend, the change in static pressure and total pressure of the annular casing was larger under the condition of 0.6 Qd and was smaller under the conditions of 1.0 Qd and 1.4 Qd. The turbulent kinetic energy in the annular casing changed mainly in the tongue impact zone and outlet diffuser under the condition of 1.0 Qd; furthermore, the turbulent kinetic energy in the whole of the annular casing demonstrated significant changes under the conditions of 0.6 Qd and 1.4 Qd.
Analysis on the design of steel wire wound extrusion containers for hot extrusion process
Authors: Liu Changyong , Zhang Renji , Yan Yongnian , Lao Changshi
Published: July 2017

Extrusion container is the most important tooling for steel hot extrusion process. Conventional design using large castings and forgings is very difficult to execute due to high cost and risk. Steel wire wound containers have many advantages over conventional designs. However, conventional wire wound containers are developed for use at room temperature which are not applicable to steel hot extrusion process. In this article, the impacts of preheating on the design of steel wire wound containers are discussed in detail. A finite element model was established to examine the preheating temperature distribution, and a 1:10 scaled extrusion container was manufactured to verify the effectiveness of the finite element model. Based on the finite element model–computed temperature field, thermal stress analysis was performed. The thermal impacts on the stress of extrusion container and steel wire were obtained. Results showed that insufficient stability of internal cylinder and greatly enhanced steel wire stress may lead to the failure of extrusion container. To solve the problems, an improved design was put forward by increasing the stability factor of internal cylinder, reducing the prestress factor and lowering the allowable stress of steel wire. Results showed that the improved design can meet the requirements and counteract the thermal impacts.
Classification of materials by acoustic signal processing in real time for NAO robots
Authors: Lopez-Caudana Edgar , Quiroz Omar , Rodríguez Adriana , Yépez Luis , Ibarra David
Published: July 2017

In recent years, humanoid–biped type robots are being adopted by academic and research institutions to create an ecosystem that promotes the development of innovation and social appropriation of technology. Robot-taken decision projects on NAO robots in the field of artificial vision are more common than those ones related to auditory events for the same purpose. The main motivation for this work is to demonstrate the convenience of using an acoustic signal stage, for the classification of common wastes produced at the university. This project establishes an ideal scenario which allows taking it as reference for future projects in the acoustics field, by a methodology that enables audio signals acquisition and its real-time processing in NAO robots. This methodology consists in the robot’s programming for autonomous identification of sounds, which are sampled and saved in raw data. Then, a mathematical treatment is made in order to establish the ranges of frequency for an appropriate classification of materials. In the end, NAO robot identified and classified main wastes produced on the campus: cardboard, plastic, glass, and metal.
With Jurors in Mind: An Ethnographic Study of Prosecutors’ Narratives
Authors: Offit Anna
Published: July 2017

This article examines the role of lay decision-makers in American prosecutors’ case preparation. Drawing on ethnographic research, it focuses on the creative and collaborative process by which prosecutors develop and revise opening and closing statements for trial. I argue in Part I that these narratives are keyed to perspectives that prosecutors attribute to hypothetical jurors. Part II focuses on the relationship prosecutors articulate between particular narrative techniques and jurors’ perceptions of their character and evidence. The central empirical finding is that prosecutors formulate and negotiate narratives about their cases with continual reference to jurors’ potential interpretations of them. This interactive process of critique and revision reveals the contingent and reflexive nature of prosecutorial discretion. It also illuminates the scope and organization of the knowledge that prosecutors draw on to anticipate how jurors might scrutinize their work.
Are We Out of Time? Thinking about Neoliberalism and Fascism in an Age of Radical Transition
Authors: Martel James
Published: July 2017

In this commentary, I explore the question of how the way we think about time affects the conclusions that we draw about specific political questions. To demonstrate this, I consider two questions, the relationship between liberalism and neoliberalism and the relationship between neoliberalism and fascism. I look at these issues first from within the normal teleological notions of time that are prevalent and then from a more ‘dissociated’ form of temporality in keeping with the theorization of Walter Benjamin in his essay “On the Concept of History.” My claim is that Benjamin’s concept of time is anarchist and that thinking about time, history and politics in this way offers new insights into what may otherwise seem like hopelessly fated predicaments.
Indonesian teachers’ epistemological beliefs and inclusive education
Authors: Sheehy Kieron , Budiyanto  , Kaye Helen , Rofiah Khofidotur
Published: July 2017

A growing number of children with intellectual disabilities attend inclusive schools in Indonesia. Previous research has suggested that teachers’ type of school and experience influences their beliefs about inclusive education. This research collected questionnaire data from 267 Indonesian teachers and compared the responses from those working in inclusive, special and regular schools regarding their epistemological and pedagogical beliefs. The results showed that teachers in inclusive schools expressed stronger social constructivist beliefs than those in other schools. However, it was teachers’ epistemological beliefs, rather than their type of school or experience, which were the significant predictor of their beliefs about inclusive education. The findings suggest that international epistemological research needs to have a more nuanced view of constructivist models of learning to better understand and inform how inclusive pedagogy is being enacted in different contexts.
An update on the risk factors for and management of obstetric haemorrhage
Authors: Sebghati Mercede , Chandraharan Edwin
Published: July 2017

Obstetric haemorrhage is associated with increased risk of serious maternal morbidity and mortality. Postpartum haemorrhage is the commonest form of obstetric haemorrhage, and worldwide, a woman dies due to massive postpartum haemorrhage approximately every 4 min. In addition, many experience serious morbidity such as multi-organ failure, complications of multiple blood transfusions, peripartum hysterectomy and unintended damage to pelvic organs, loss of fertility and psychological sequelae, including posttraumatic stress disorders. Anticipation of massive postpartum haemorrhage, prompt recognition of the cause and institution of timely and appropriate measures to control bleeding and replacement of the lost blood volume and restoration of oxygen carrying capacity (i.e. haemoglobin) and correction of the ‘washout phenomenon’ leading to coagulopathy will help save lives. Obstetric shock index may help in avoidance of underestimation of blood loss and the use of tranexamic acid, oxytocics and timely peripartum hysterectomy, if appropriate, will help save lives. Triple P procedure has been recently developed as the conservative surgical alternative for women with abnormal invasion of the placenta and has been shown to significantly reduce the blood loss and to reduce inpatient stay.
Optimization of pacing strategies for variable wind conditions in road cycling
Authors: Sundström David , Bäckström Mikael
Published: July 2017

It has been shown theoretically that performance can be enhanced by varying power in parallel with variable ambient conditions. However, no theoretical model has considered aerobic substrate utilization dynamics, limited carbohydrate stores, force–velocity relationships, and proper efficiency modelling. Furthermore, no study has investigated optimal pacing for courses with continuously variable ambient wind directions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a model for the optimization of pacing strategies in road cycling with an updated bioenergetic model. The purpose of this model was to optimize pacing strategies for courses with continuously variable wind directions on both short (2 km) and long (100 km) courses. For this purpose, a numerical model consisting of three sub-models was programmed into the MATLAB software. This model consisted of one mechanical simulation model for cycling locomotion, one bioenergetic model based on the Margaria–Morton–Sundström model, and the method of moving asymptotes for optimization of the pacing strategy. Results showed that by optimizing the pacing strategies, time gains of 4.9% and 5.7% were attained for the 2-km courses with and without an ambient wind of 5 m·s−1, respectively. The corresponding time gains for the 100-km courses were 1.4% and 2.0% with and without ambient wind, respectively. The theoretical model in this study further resulted in all-out strategies for the flat 2-km courses with and without ambient wind. Moreover, the 100-km course without wind was met with a positive pacing strategy and the 100-km course with ambient wind was met with a compromise of positive pacing and variable power distribution in parallel with the variable ambient wind conditions. In conclusion, the model presented in this study performed more detailed bioenergetic simulations than previous pacing strategy optimization studies, and this resulted in more detailed pacing strategies for long courses.
Persistence With Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Dementia in Germany
Authors: Jacob Louis , Adam-Schnepf Leonie , Kostev Karel
Published: July 2017

Background:

The aim of this study was to analyze the persistence with oral antihyperglycemic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with dementia in Germany.

Methods:

This study included adults with T2DM who were treated with oral antihyperglycemic drugs and were diagnosed with dementia in 1262 German general practices between January 2013 and December 2015 (index date). Dementia cases were matched (1:1) to controls without dementia by age, gender, type of practice, type of residence, physician, and initial antihyperglycemic therapy, using a propensity score method. The primary outcome of the study was the rate of persistence with oral antihyperglycemic drugs in dementia cases and controls without dementia in the year following the index date. Persistence was estimated as therapy time without treatment discontinuation, which was defined as at least 90 days without oral antihyperglycemic therapy. Cox regressions were used to determine the impact of dementia on persistence with oral antihyperglycemic treatment in the entire population and in different subgroups.

Results:

This study included 848 T2DM patients with dementia and 848 T2DM patients without dementia. In the dementia group, 39.2% of patients were men, while the control group included 40.8% men. After 12 months of follow-up, 72.7% of dementia cases and 71.4% of controls without dementia were persistent ( P = .291). No significant association was found between dementia and persistence with oral antihyperglycemic drugs in the entire population and in different subgroups (HR ranging from 0.84 to 1.25).

Conclusions:

Dementia did not have a significant impact on persistence with oral antihyperglycemic drugs in T2DM patients in Germany.
Issues and Ideas in Bolus Advisor Research With Commentary on “A Methodology to Compare Insulin Dosing Algorithms in Real-Life Settings”
Authors: Walsh John
Published: July 2017

The accompanying article by Groat et al in this issue presents a methodology to compare glucose outcomes from insulin bolus dose recommendations observed retrospectively from a novel iDecide bolus calculator with glucose outcomes from the prospective bolus recommendations provided by a current insulin pump. The methodology in this article evaluates a bolus calculator algorithm and also evaluates calculations for two additional lifestyle behaviors, exercise and alcohol intake, that are modifiable risk factors associated with diabetes. This methodology for evaluation of glycemic outcomes from bolus calculators could be expanded further using much larger existing bolus calculator databases. This would complement current verifications done through in-silico testing with the University of Virginia/Padua 300 patient type 1 diabetes simulator. This approach merits serious consideration, yet the actual dose recommendations provided by the iDecide calculator introduce wider lessons on how bolus calculator glucose outcomes might be better optimized.
Indications for Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Ross James R. , Larson Christopher M. , Bedi Asheesh
Published: July 2017

Context:

Hip arthroscopy is gaining popularity within the field of orthopaedic surgery. The development and innovation of hip-specific arthroscopic instrumentation and improved techniques has resulted in improved access to the hip joint and ability to treat various hip pathologies.

Evidence Acquisition:

Electronic databases, including PubMed and MEDLINE, were queried for articles relating to hip arthroscopy indications (1930-2017).

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Results:

Initially used as a technique for loose body removal, drainage/debridement of septic arthritis, and treatment of pediatric hip disorders, hip arthroscopy is currently used to treat various hip conditions. The recognition of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as a source of hip pain in young adults has rapidly expanded hip arthroscopy by applying the principles of osseous correction that were previously described and demonstrated via an open surgical dislocation approach. Hip pathologies can be divided into central compartment, peripheral compartment, peritrochanteric space, and subgluteal space disorders.

Conclusion:

Although hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that may offer decreased morbidity, diminished risk of neurovascular injury, and shorter recovery periods compared with traditional open exposures to the hip, it is important to understand the appropriate patient selection and indications.
A Matched Comparison Across Three Different Sensory Pairs of Cross-Modal Temporal Recalibration From Sustained and Transient Adaptation
Authors: Alais David , Ho Tam , Han Shui’er , Van der Burg Erik
Published: July 2017

Sustained exposure to an asynchronous multisensory signal causes perceived simultaneity to shift in the direction of the leading component of the adapting stimulus. This is known as temporal recalibration, and recent evidence suggests that it can occur very rapidly, even after a single asynchronous audiovisual (AV) stimulus. However, this form of rapid recalibration appears to be unique to AV stimuli, in contrast to recalibration following sustained asynchronies which occurs with audiotactile (AT) and visuotactile (VT) stimuli. This study examines temporal recalibration to AV, VT and AT asynchrony with spatially collocated stimuli using a design that produces both sustained and inter-trial recalibration by combining the traditional sustained adaptation approach with an inter-trial analysis of sequential dependencies in an extended test period. Thus, we compare temporal recalibration to both sustained and transient asynchrony in three crossmodal combinations using the same design, stimuli and observers. The results reveal that prolonged exposure to asynchrony produced equivalent temporal recalibration for all combinations: AV, AT and VT. The pattern for rapid, inter-trial recalibration was very different. Rapid recalibration occurred strongly for AV stimuli, weakly for AT and did not occur at all for VT. For all sensory pairings, recalibration from sustained asynchrony decayed to baseline during the test phase while inter-trial recalibration was present and stable throughout testing, suggesting different mechanisms may underlie adaptation at long and short timescales.
The role of nanotechnology in the treatment of viral infections
Authors: Singh Lavanya , Kruger Hendrik G. , Maguire Glenn E.M. , Govender Thavendran , Parboosing Raveen
Published: July 2017

Infectious diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with viruses in particular making global impact on healthcare and socioeconomic development. In addition, the rapid development of drug resistance to currently available therapies and adverse side effects due to prolonged use is a serious public health concern. The development of novel treatment strategies is therefore required. The interaction of nanostructures with microorganisms is fast-revolutionizing the biomedical field by offering advantages in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Nanoparticles offer unique physical properties that have associated benefits for drug delivery. These are predominantly due to the particle size (which affects bioavailability and circulation time), large surface area to volume ratio (enhanced solubility compared to larger particles), tunable surface charge of the particle with the possibility of encapsulation, and large drug payloads that can be accommodated. These properties, which are unlike bulk materials of the same compositions, make nanoparticulate drug delivery systems ideal candidates to explore in order to achieve and/or improve therapeutic effects. This review presents a broad overview of the application of nanosized materials for the treatment of common viral infections.
Multiple organ dysfunction due to heatstroke after sauna: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Dai Lin-feng , Diao Ren-zheng
Published: July 2017

Heatstroke usually occurs in summer during heat waves, and few cases occur in winter. We report the case of a 26-year-old man who went through multiple organ dysfunction after sauna in January, and finally was diagnosed as heatstroke.
Stress at work: Factors associated with cognitive disorganisation among private sector professionals
Authors: Boschi Helena , Trenoweth Steve , Sheppard Zoë A
Published: July 2017

This study explores psychological and psychological variables associated with perceived stress at work. A total of 100 international participants consented to donating a hair sample and completing a work-related stress survey. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations with low/high cognitive disorganisation using data collected from hair cortisol analysis and self-report questionnaires. High cognitive disorganisation scores were associated with high cardiopulmonary and anger scores. Low perceived self-efficacy was associated with high cognitive disorganisation. An association was found between low cortisol and low perceived self-efficacy. The relationship between high cognitive disorganisation and low self-efficacy endorses previous claims linking performance to perceived high self-efficacy.
Supporting first-line managers in implementing oral care guidelines in nursing homes
Authors: Eldh Ann Catrine , Olai Lena , Jönsson Birgitta , Wallin Laris , Denti Leif , Elf Marie
Published: July 2017

This study investigated first-line managers’ experience of and responses to a concise leadership intervention to facilitate the implementation of oral care clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in nursing homes. Leadership is known to be an important element in knowledge implementation but little is known as to what supports managers to facilitate the process. By means of a process evaluation with mixed methods, the context and a three-month leadership program was explored, including activities during and in relation to the program, and the effects in terms of oral care CPG implementation plans. While the managers appreciated the intervention and considered improved oral care to be a priority, their implementation plans mainly focused the dissemination of an oral care checklist. The findings suggest that extended implementation interventions engaging both managers and clinical staff are needed, and that a concise intervention does not facilitate first-line managers to adopt behaviors known to facilitate knowledge implementation.
The Role of Parental Psychological Control and Warmth in College Students’ Relational Aggression and Friendship Quality
Authors: Baumgardner Megan , Boyatzis Chris J.
Published: July 2017

This study investigated the role of perceived parental psychological control and warmth in college students’ friendship quality and use of relational aggression with peers. College students ( N = 237) completed self-report measures assessing their relational aggression, friendship quality, and parents’ perceived use of psychological control and warmth. As predicted, college students’ relational aggression partially mediated the relation between perceived parental psychological control and friendship quality. Moderation analyses indicated that perceived parental warmth exacerbated the negative effects of perceived parental psychological control on college students’ relational aggression and friendship quality. Thus, perceived parental psychological control is associated with students’ elevated relational aggression and poor friendship quality, especially when parents are viewed as warm as accepting.
Post-osteomyelitic-acquired radial club hand deformity in children treated by centralization of ulna
Authors: Meena Dinesh Kumar
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

Radial club hand deformity acquired post haematogenous osteomyelitis of radius bone is a very rare disease. Resulting in functional and cosmetic deficit of upper limb which is similar to congenital cases. For a long-time various surgeons attempted to reconstruct the deformity by bone grafting, plating, Ilizarov, monorail external fixator, callus distraction and so on. Keeping in mind that creating single bone forearm we proposed centralization of ulna on wrist to correct the deformity.

Materials and methods:

In our institute, we conducted a rare study involving small number of patients ( n = 5), between February 2013 and November 2106. The study participants comprised four male children and one female child whose average age was 1.8 months. Participant inclusion criteria were no active infection, no distal end of radius (cartilage remnant) and only haematogenous osteomyelitis. Exclusion criteria were congenital radial club hand and active infection.

Result:

Decrease in the angle of radial deviation (radiologically) preoperatively from 54° to 5° and angle of volar flexion from 34° to 4° were measured. Preoperatively no ulnar angulations were observed. Length of ulna remains similar to the opposite side. No neurovascular complication noted and full range of movement regained.

Discussion:

Our case series is unique in terms of massive bone loss, that is, distal metaphysic and epiphysis, so we followed the statement of Ono et al. and did centralization of ulna over carpus and achieved good functional and cosmetic outcome at the cost of loss of motion at the wrist, concluding that treatment is primarily considered as salvage only.
Infliximab Therapy Leading to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Patient With Negative Interferon γ Release Assay (IGRA)-Based QuantiFERON Gold Test
Authors: Parita Soni , Vivek Kumar , Stephan Kamholz , William Pascal , Yizhak Kupfer
Published: July 2017

Infliximab therapy is associated with higher rates of active tuberculosis (TB), particularly extrapulmonary and disseminated forms with unusual symptoms. We report the case of a 66-year-old man with Crohn’s disease who developed TB mimicking lung cancer on imaging. He presented with cough and fever of 2 weeks’ duration shortly after starting infliximab. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a 7.0 × 3.2 cm2 pleural-based mass, highly suspicious for malignancy. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of TB. The mass disappeared after antitubercular treatment, and the patient recovered completely. A review of the literature suggests that TB masquerades as lung cancer clinically and radiologically. The classical lesions of TB are cavitatory with calcifications. Mass lesions without cavity or calcifications are rare and are mostly reported from regions endemic for TB. The majority of patients on infliximab therapy required biopsy for accurate diagnosis of TB because of its unusual presentation.
Recurrent Metatarsal Fractures in Postmenopausal Woman With Low Serum Alkaline Phosphatase: A Rare Diagnosis Not to Miss
Authors: Iqbal Umair , Anwar Hafsa , Chaudhary Ahmad , Alvi Madiha , Freeth Amy
Published: July 2017

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inborn error of metabolism due to a loss-of-function mutation in the gene for tissue nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) that results in low levels of ALP. The clinical presentation of HPP is variable and in adults can easily be misdiagnosed as other forms of osteomalacia. We present a case of a 53-year-old Caucasian female who was evaluated for recurrent metatarsal fractures. She reported her first metatarsal fracture at age 21, and since then had at least 8 more metatarsal fractures over her lifetime, most without injury other than weight bearing. She reported history of gait disturbance as a child and dental issues (spacing and loosening). Laboratory tests showed normal serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone, but low serum ALP <20 IU/L and elevated N-telopeptide. Foot X-ray showed several healed and nonhealed metatarsal fractures, and bone densitometry revealed osteopenia. She was treated with calcium and vitamin D. A year later she had a new metatarsal fracture and a nontraumatic pelvic fracture. Teriparatide therapy was attempted but not tolerated. Due to suspicion of HPP vitamin B6 levels were checked and found to be elevated at 263 µg/L. Given her clinical presentation and low ALP levels with elevated vitamin B6, the diagnosis of HPP was made. Clinicians should be attentive to a history of recurrent low trauma fractures, premature loss of deciduous teeth, and persistently low serum ALP to suspect this diagnosis. Early case detection with the availability of recent Food and Drug Administration–approved asfotase alfa may avoid years of undiagnosed morbidity.
Fostering and Sustaining Diverse Literacy Practices in the Early Childhood Classroom
Authors: Machado Emily
Published: July 2017

In this article, I synthesize extant research that documents how teachers foster and sustain children’s diverse literacy practices within the early childhood classroom. Framing this review with Bakhtin’s heteroglossia, I draw on theoretical and empirical scholarship in the fields of biliteracy, translanguaging, and culturally sustaining pedagogy. Findings are organized into three themes: (1) comparing languages and literacy practices, (2) hybridizing literacy practices, and (3) engaging children’s linguistic and cultural repertoires. I conclude with a discussion of implications for researchers and practitioners.
How Teachers Mobilize and Transform Their Conceptualizations of Reading Comprehension Into Representations of Instructional Practice
Authors: McElhone Dot , Tenore F. Blake , Davis Dennis S.
Published: July 2017

This research examines the specialized knowledge of reading comprehension articulated by 12 middle school English language arts teachers sampled from three different regions of the United States and representing various levels of teaching experience. Using detailed interviews, concept mapping, and think aloud methods, we identified salient touchstones that characterize the teachers’ understandings of how and why readers interact with texts to construct meanings and change as readers. In this article, we present examples that illustrate the many ways that these understandings of comprehension were mobilized and transformed in their explanations of instructional practices.
Evaluation of Pet And Recycled Pet as Replacements for a Petg Packaging Tray
Authors: Griffin Jennifer Clark
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine if a thermoformed packaging part could be made more environmentally friendly. The goal was to replace the material originally qualified for a packaging tray-virgin polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) copolyester-with a material which was then being recycled. The prime replacement material was polyethylene terephthalate (PET), possibly as virgin resin but preferably with a high recycled content, since that would have a more favorable environmental impact. Both virgin and 100% recycled PET were evaluated and compared with the PETG sheet.

Important enduse properties for this transparent packaging tray were evaluatedincluding haze, gloss, impact strength, tensile strength and effects of orientation. Package drop testing was conducted to confirm the data from the mechanical property tests. Thermoforming trials demonstrated that both PET and recycled PET could be formed with state of-the-art equipment to provide adequate impact strength and other requirements of the final part.
Potential Film Applications for Syndiotactic Polypropylene
Authors: Schardl J. , Sun L. , Kimura S. , Sugimoto R.
Published: July 2017

Syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) can be used to improve various properties of both cast and blown (biaxially-oriented) film made from poly-propylene (PP) or propylene copolymers. At low concentrations (10-30%), sPP improves clarity, impact strength, tear strength, heat sealability and the coefficient of friction. Higher concentrations (70% +) of sPP with isotactic PP (iPP) added to aid in processability (reducing tackiness) will produce tough, high clarity films. Monolayer sPP films developed for low temperature (< 0C) applications have demonstrated better heat seal strength than a commercial three layer film used for manufacturing medical bags; one of these sPP films has equivalent tear strength.