bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social and health implications of alcohol consumption among women of reproductive age in Anambra state, southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ezekwe Emmanuel Chika
Published: May 2022

Much of the research concerning women’s alcohol use and misuse has focused on biomedical issues associated with female drinking; In contrast, little attention has been paid to the social dimensions of maternal drinking. Using the Symbolic interactionist’s paradigm, this paper interrogates the social and health consequences of drinking among women of reproductive age. Data were collected using a concurrent mixed research approach (quantitative and qualitative data) Three hundred and seventy-three (373) close-ended questionnaires were analysed, and in-depth interviews were conducted among 12 mothers randomly selected from different occupational backgrounds. Findings reveal that heavy alcohol intake can cause divorce in marriages, loss of social respect, stigmatisation for the children, and loss of social bonds within the family. The researcher concluded that health and social issues relating to alcohol use can only be understood within the social and cultural context. However, the paper recommends an all-encompassing approach which involves continuous sensitization of women (especially of reproductive age) on the dangers of maternal alcohol use and the need to implement policies to regulate the production, marketing, and consumption of alcohol.
Methamphetamine (Mkpulummiri) use in eastern Nigeria: A new addition to drug users’ repertoire
Authors: Dumbili Emeka W. , Ebuenyi Ikenna D.
Published: May 2022

Media reports indicate that methamphetamine (mkpulummiri) use is growing among young people in Eastern Nigeria, but empirical research has not been conducted. This article reviews the recent media reportage of methamphetamine use in Eastern Nigeria, presents an empirical account of a methamphetamine user, and synthesizes the available evidence, showing the factors facilitating its use. Available evidence shows that drug trafficking and illegal laboratories are the two main factors encouraging current methamphetamine availability and use in Eastern Nigeria. The NDLEA has discovered illegal laboratories where methamphetamine is produced in Enugu and Asaba. These laboratories were established by drug barons from Eastern Nigeria and their foreign counterparts. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that these local laboratories have largely contributed to the growing methamphetamine epidemic. Media reports indicate that youth organizations and vigilante groups apply corporal punishment by flogging identified users in public but do not highlight how effective this sanction is. While empirical data show that weight control motivates methamphetamine use, the grey literature has blamed youth unemployment. There is an urgent need to conduct empirical research to determine methamphetamine prevalence, the sources, motivations for use, and consequences in Eastern Nigeria. This will facilitate the design of effective interventions to reduce the growing trend. Efforts to discover and dismantle illegal laboratories should not only focus on cities because laboratories set up to evade detection may exist in rural settings. It is vital that the government work with all stakeholders to increase public awareness of the dangers of methamphetamine use in Nigeria and develop mechanisms to support addiction treatment and rehabilitation to prevent social stigma users may face.
A comparative assessment of secondary school students' satisfaction with ICT studies: Implications for managing secondary school education for global competitiveness in post COVID-19 era
Authors: Asuquo M.E. , Emeribe K.V. , Anam E.G.
Published: May 2022

Technological advancement has ushered Computer studies which is also regarded as Information and Communication Technology (ICT) instruction into educational curriculum. The aim of ICT studies in secondary school system is to equip every student with the prerequisite skills and competence to function effectively in the contemporary society that is characterized by emerging technologies. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to assess students’ satisfaction with ICT instruction in secondary schools in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. Three research hypotheses were formulated to give direction to the study. The study sample was 5245 students drawn from the population of Senior Secondary (SS) 2 and Senior Secondary (SS) 3 classes across public and private schools in 2019/2020 academic session. A survey research design was adopted for the study. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire entitled "Secondary School Students' Satisfaction with Computer Studies Questionnaire (SSSSCSQ)". The data collected were analyzed using population t-test and independent t-test. The major findings indicated that secondary school students' satisfaction with ICT instruction was not significantly differ with respect to school ownership, gender and school location. It was recommended among others that the Government at various levels, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as well as Parents Teachers Association (PTA) should improve in their efforts towards provision of both hardware and software ICT facilities to sustain blended pedagogy in Post Covid-19 era.
Classroom management strategies and disruptive behaviour among pupils in Calabar Municipal, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Sunday Maria O. , Ogbeche M.M. , Adie R.U.
Published: May 2022

This study was determined to investigate the influence of Classroom management strategies and pupil’s disruptive behaviour in Calabar Municipal, Cross River State, Nigeria. The sample for the study consisted of two hundred and forty (240) pupils who were randomly selected from primary five classes in all the fifteen (15) schools in the study area. The research adopted ex-post facto research design; data were collected using Pupils’ Classroom Management strategies and Disruptive Behaviour Questionaire. To guide the study, three research questions were raised and three research hypotheses proposed and tested at 0.05 levels of significance using Independent t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient analysis. From the analyzed data, results indicated that there was significant relationship in all the three variables of the classroom management in schools. In view of the findings above, it was revealed that poor or lack of classroom management can affect or bring about disruptive behaviour among pupils in school. It was recommended among others that effective management styles and positive supportive discipline climate should be encourage in school to in order to help pupils overcome the problem of disruptive behaviours in school.
Media reporting, public enlightenment campaigns and suicidal tendencies among Oshodi Youths, Lagos State, Nigeria: Counselling implications
Authors: Denwigwe Chiaka Patience , Eke Margaret Ogechukwu , Ngwu Maria E.
Published: May 2022

This study examined the influence of media reporting and public enlightenment campaigns on suicidal behaviour among Oshodi youths in Lagos State, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. From a population consisting of all the Oshodi youths, the Snowball sampling technique proposed by Jones (1997) was used to select 150 respondents. Three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance were formulated to guide the study. A researcher-made questionnaire ‘Media Reporting and Public Enlightenment Campaign Questionnaire (MRAPECQ)’ was used for data collection. The population t-test and independent t-test were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that suicidal tendency among Oshodi youths was not significantly high and media reporting and public  enlightenment campaigns did not significantly influence suicidal tendency. Counselling implications and recommendations were proffered such as, Counsellors are to ensure that a more restrained  reporting of suicidal cases is used as a way of decreasing the imitation or copycat effect, and the need to counsel those embarking on public enlightenment campaigns to make them youth-friendly
Neuroticism and introversion personality charateristics and adolescents’ school social adjustment in a social inclusion in northern education zone of Cross River State
Authors: Sunday M.O. , Adie R.U. , Echeng Dominic E.
Published: May 2022

This study was undertaken to determine the influence of Neuroticism and introversion Personality Factors on Adolescents’ School Social Adjustment in a social Inclusion Education, in Northern Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. The sample for the study consists of one thousand and eighteen (1018) students who were randomly selected from senior secondary one classes (SS1) in nineteen (19) purposively selected schools out of the seventy-three (73) schools in the study area. The researcher adopted a causal comparative design also known as the ex-post facto, and data were collected using NEO-PI scale and school social adjustment questionnaire as the main instrument. To guide the study, two research questions were raised and two statement of hypotheses were postulated and tested at 0.05 levels of significant using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistic. The results from the analyzed data indicated that there is significant difference of neuroticism on early adolescent’s school social adjustment. Sidak post hoc test was performed to show where the difference lies; also, introverts significantly differ from extroverts regarding their school social adjustment. In view of the above findings, it was concluded that Neuroticism factor is significantly related to adolescents’ school social adjustment in the study area in an inclusive education. It was recommended among others, that the effort of teachers, parents, educational psychologist, guidance counselors and the government are needful in all secondary schools to help students overcome the problem of poor adjustments in schools.
Phytochemical screening and analgesic effect, in mice, of the methanolic leaf extract of Manniophyton fulvum Mull.-Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Ofeimun Josephine Omose , Aghulor Happy A. , Nworgu Zuleikha A.M.
Published: May 2022

Medicinal plants continue to attract attention as an alternative form of therapy. Phytochemical screening, analgesic properties and probable mechanism/s of action of the methanol leaf extract of Manniophyton fulvum were carried out following claimed folkloric usefulness in this regard. Standard methods were used to screen for classes of phytochemicals. Acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in albino mice were used to evaluate the peripheral and central analgesic effects using acetylsalicylic acid and morphine respectively as positive controls, while 50% DMSO served as negative control. Elucidation of the possible mechanism/s of action of the extract was carried using phenoxybenzamine, naloxen, ondansetron, atropine and haloperidol. Alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids tannins, and flavonoids were detected in the extract. At 100 mg/kg dose, significant (P<0.01) reduction in pain stimuli, compared to the negative control group in both models was observed. Higher doses of extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) did not produce any significant effect. Observed results suggest that the leaf extract of M. fulvum may have an analgesic effect that is centrally and peripherally mediated at a lower dose compared to the high dose. The findings provide possible scientific basis for the ethnomedicinal use of the plant in several pain conditions.
Prevalence of electricity theft among households in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Obafemi M. O. , Oluwole E. A. , Omoniyi T.E. , Meduna P.N , Alaye A.S.
Published: May 2022

Power outages and blackouts have continued to characterize household electricity supply despite the desire of Nigerians to have improved quality of electricity supply. Nigeria has an installed electric power capacity of 12,500MW but power sent out daily as at the end of June 2019 was 3,419MW. This is 200kWh per capita, which is a fraction of 4,229kWh per capita for South Africa. Worst still, Nigerians have only 59.3% access to electricity and those connected to the grid face extensive power interruptions. Attainment of stable and reliable electricity supply requires three basic dimensions: technicalities, organisational structures and reduction of Electricity Theft (ET) to the barest minimum. Previous studies have focussed more on the technical and organisational requirements than on issues bothering on ET and its resultant effects on stable electricity supply. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of ET among households in Lagos State, Nigeria. A self-constructed structured questionnaire focusing on demographic characteristics and prevalence of ET was purposively administered to 580 households (area of franchise under Ikeja Electric Plc. = 330, under Eko Electricity Distribution Company = 250), using the statistical sample size determination formula. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to identify and analyse prevalence of ET among households. The extensive Electricity theft among households in Lagos State, Nigeria, was exacerbated by weak enforcement of anti-electricity theft laws with severe consequences on the entire electric power value chain. Strengthening institutions for enforcement and application of anti-electricity theft laws is recommended to mitigate the problem.
Recycling of waste glass powder and tyre fiber in the development of eco-efficient concrete for high-performance structural application
Authors: Auwal A.M. , Mtallib M.O.A.
Published: May 2022

Concrete suffers from several drawbacks due to the pollution associated with cement production, low tensile strength and low strain capacity that result in low resistance to cracks. Several attempts have been made to utilize waste materials for economical, sustainable construction and to improve concrete characteristics. This paper aims to investigate the effect of waste glass powder (WGP) as a partial replacement of cement and waste tyre fibre (WTF) as fibre reinforcement in the production of high performance concrete (HPC). ACI 211.1 was used to design a grade 50 HPC. At the first stage, WGP was introduced at a replacement level of 0 to 25 at a 5% interval by weight of OPC increment. Compressive strength at 3, 7, 28, 56, and 90 days of curing and slump flow was investigated, as well as establishing the optimum WGP content. WTF was then added to the optimal WGP-HPC in varying percentage addition of 0 to 2% at an increase of 0.4% by weight in the second stage. The compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths at 3, 7, 28, 56, and 90 days were investigated. Slump flow was also investigated. It was discovered that the WGP is a suitable material for use as a pozzolana as it satisfied the minimum requirement given in ASTM C618. The compressive strength of HPC increased up to a 10% OPC replacement level by WGP before it starts declining. This signifies that the highest compressive strength was obtained at 10% WGP replacement level. It was also shown that adding the WTF decrease the slump flow and enhanced the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths of WGP-HPC up to 1.2% and then dropped. Overall, an optimal HPC mix with 10% OPC replacement by GWP and 1.2% WTF addition outperforms all other mixes.
Quality of ram semen cryopreserved in egg yolk extender supplemented with myricetin
Authors: Arruda L.C.P. , Silva R.A.J.A. , Mergulhão F.C.C. , Monteiro M.M. , Costa J.A.S. , Batista A.M. , Monteiro Júnior P.L.J. , Seal D.C.M. , Guerra M.M.P.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the antioxidant myricetin to protect ovine spermatozoa during freezing-thawing. Five semen pools, obtained from four rams, were diluted and frozen in Tris-egg yolk extender (5% glycerol) supplemented with myricetin at 0, 20, 30, 40, 100, 200, 300, and 400 nM. After thawing at 37 °C for 30 seconds and incubation (37 °C) for two hours, these variables were measured: kinematics, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lipid peroxidation and membrane stability. There was no interaction between treatment and time, and no direct effect of treatments for the kinematics parameters (P ≥0.09; P ≥0.2113, respectively) and flow cytometry (P ≥0.41; P ≥ 0.52, respectively). The means of progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, linearity, amplitude of lateral head displacement, percentage of intact plasma membrane and acrosome membrane, oxidative stress and membrane stability were reduced during incubation (P ≤0.04), whereas the cross-beat frequency increased (P =0.0001) throughout incubation. Thus, the addition of myricetin to the semen extender does not produce an antioxidant effect on ram semen in vitro.
Determining regions of higher extinction risk occurrences in South African cycads
Authors: Samuel O. Bamigboye
Published: May 2022

Extinction crisis in South African cycads has been very high in recent times. This study used comprehensive distribution records of cycads that occurred in South Africa.  The records obtained from the South African national herbarium named South African National Biodiversity Institute (sanbi) through the herbarium sheets were used to determine the regions of higher extinction crisis in South Africa. The threat status of the herbarium taxa was obtained from iucn 2019 version and was analysed. Threats to these taxa were extracted from iucn and the numbers of taxa facing each threat were determined to unravel the prominent threats. The herbarium records were used to construct a species distribution map for all the cycads in South Africa and another map for Critically Endangered and Extinct South African cycads. This study revealed that regions of high species richness for South African cycads are not the same as regions with highly threatened and extinct South African cycads. Prominent threats found in this plant group are also the major threats causing extinction crisis in the highly threatened and extinct cycads that occurs in few provinces in South Africa. This study therefore recommends that conservation efforts for South African cycads should be intensified in the hotspots of highly threatened and extinct South African cycads identified in this study to further mitigate extinction crisis of South African cycads.
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 tests costs and reimbursement tariffs readjustments during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Caruana Giorgia , Brouillet René , Opota Onya , Greub Gilbert
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION: While laboratories have been facing limited supplies of reagents for diagnostic tests throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, national and international health plans, as well as billing costs, have been constantly adjusted in order to optimize the use of resources. We aimed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 test costs and reimbursement tariff adjustments on diagnostic strategies in Switzerland to determine the advantages and disadvantages of different costs and resource saving plans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We specifically assessed the cost of diagnostic SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR using five different approaches: i) in-house platform, ii) cobas 6800® (Roche, Basel, Switzerland), iii) GeneXpert® SARS-CoV-2 test (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), iv) VIASURE SARS-CoV-2 (N1 + N2) Real-Time PCR Detection Kit for BD MAX™ (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lake, NJ, USA), v) cobas® Liat® SARS-CoV-2 & Influenza A/B (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). We compared these costs to the evolution of the reimbursement tariffs.
RESULTS: The cost of a single RT-PCR test varied greatly (as did the volume of tests performed), ranging from as high as 180 CHF per test at the beginning of the pandemic (February to April 2020) to as low as 82 CHF per test at the end of 2020. Depending on the time period within the pandemic, higher costs did not necessarily mean greater benefits for the laboratories. The costs of molecular reagents for rapid tests were higher than of those for classic RT-PCR platforms, but the rapid tests had reduced turnaround times (TATs), thus improving patient care and enabling more efficient implementation of isolation measures, as well as reducing the burden of possible nosocomial infections. At the same time, there were periods when the production or distribution of these reagents was insufficient, and only the use of several different molecular platforms allowed us to sustain the high number of tests requested.
CONCLUSIONS: Cost-saving plans need to be thoroughly assessed and constantly adjusted according to the epidemiological situation, the clinical context and the national resources in order to always guarantee that the highest performing diagnostic solutions are available. Not all cost-saving strategies guarantee good analytical performance.
Karol Królikowski (1806–1871) – paryski księgarz i wydawca Wielkiej Emigracji
Authors: Kuzicki Jerzy
Published: May 2022

Artykuł prezentuje działalność księgarską i wydawniczą Karola Królikowskiego, jednego z działaczy i wychodźców polskich po powstaniu listopadowym we Francji. Emigrant ten prowadził w Paryżu w latach 1844–1871 Księgarnię Katolicką, przemianowaną później na Księgarnię Polską. Artykuł powstał na podstawie korespondencji Karola Królikowskiego, znajdującej się w polskich i zagranicznych bibliotekach i archiwach. Ponadto wykorzystano prasę emigracyjną, katalogi księgarskie oraz opracowania naukowe. Z naszych dociekań wynika, że sortyment księgarski, początkowo skromny, z czasem wzrósł do kilkuset tytułów książkowych, prasowych i publicystycznych. Oferta księgarska stale była poszerzana, o czym decydowały intensywne kontakty z księgarzami z Poznania, Krakowa oraz Paryża, Berlina, Wrocławia, Lipska. Królikowski wydawał literaturę religijną, dzieła poetów emigracyjnych (Adama Mickiewicza, Zygmunta Krasińskiego i innych) oraz publicystykę polityczną. Trudno oszacować liczbę książek wydanych nakładem Księgarni Polskiej, prawdopodobnie przekroczyła ona 100 tytułów. Instytucja ta była miejscem, gdzie gromadzili się emigranci we francuskiej stolicy.

Karol Królikowski (1806–1871) – Parisian bookseller and publisher of Great Emigration

Purpose: This article aims to present a publishing and bookselling work of Karol Królikowski, one of the polish refugees who came to France after November Uprising. This immigrant was running a Catholic Book Shop in Paris in 1844–1871. The Catholic Book Shop was then called Polish Book Shop.
Design/methodology/approach: The article was written based on the Karol Królikowski correspondence, which was found at foreign libraries and archives. Some more information was also retrieved from refugee’s press, book shops’ catalogues and academic paper.
Findings: Our research discovered that the book selling offer of Królikowski’s book shop, which was initially small, grown into hundreds of book titles, press and journalistic work. The offer was constantly growing because of close contacts with booksellers from Poznań, Krakow, Paris, Berlin, Wrocław, Lipsk. Królikowki published religious literature and work of polish immigrant poets (Adam Mickiewicz, Zygmunt Krasiński and others) and political journalism. It is difficult to work out the exact number of books published at Polish Bookshop but it is very likely that it was more than 100 titles. This institution was a meeting place for Polish immigrants at French capital.
Granice języka polskiego. Postawy wykładowców akademickich wobec kompetencji językowych studentów ukraińskich w kontekście migracji edukacyjnych do Polski
Authors: Hoły-Łuczaj Magdalena
Published: May 2022

Artykuł wskazuje, w jaki sposób można uzupełnić lukę polegającą na braku badań dotyczących postaw wykładowców akademickich (nie-lektorów), rodzimych użytkowników języka polskiego, wobec błędów popełnianych przez studentów, dla których polszczyzna nie jest językiem ojczystym. Tłem teoretycznym są: (1) badania prowadzone w literaturze anglojęzycznej w obrębie paradygmatu English as a lingua franca – w szczególności w odniesieniu do szkolnictwa wyższego i jego umiędzynarodowienia – które problematyzują zasadność uznania schematów językowych stosowanych przez rodzimych użytkowników jako jedynego, bądź najważniejszego kryterium kompetencji językowej; (2) półperyferyjność systemu szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce. Akademicy z Polski, jako autorzy tekstów naukowych, mogą stać się beneficjentami podejść, które odchodzą od ortodoksji w kwestii języka angielskiego w przypadku publikacji w międzynarodowych (zazwyczaj anglosaskich) czasopismach. Praca w systemie półperyferyjnym, przyciągającym coraz więcej studentów z zagranicy (głównie z Ukrainy), stawia ich jednak równocześnie w drugiej roli: trybunału poprawności językowej zgodnej ze standardami akademickiej polszczyzny. Artykuł rozważa możliwe scenariusze negocjowania tych dwóch tożsamości.

The article shows how to fill the gap consisting in the lack of research on the attitudes of academic lecturers (other than language instructors), native speakers of the Polish language, towards mistakes made by students for whom Polish is not their mother tongue. The theoretical background is: (1) research conducted in English-language literature within the paradigm of “English as a lingua franca” – in particular with regard to higher education and its internationalization – which problematize the legitimacy of recognizing language patterns used by native speakers as the only or the most important criterion of linguistic competence; (2) the semi-peripheral nature of the higher education system in Poland. Polish academics, as authors of scientific texts, can become beneficiaries of approaches that deviate from orthodoxy regarding the English language in the case of publications in international (usually Anglo-Saxon) journals. Working in a semi-peripheral system, attracting more and more students from abroad (mainly from Ukraine), however, puts them in a different role: an oracle of linguistic correctness in accordance with the standards of academic Polish. The article considers possible scenarios for negotiating these two identities.
Migrants in the Cities of Eastern Poland – Settlement Processes and Relations with Intermediary Groups. Conceptualization of the Research Project
Authors: Winiecka Katarzyna , Mucha Janusz , Porankiewicz-Żukowska Aleksandra , Radłowska Karolina
Published: May 2022

The proposed analysis of settlement practices is to contribute to the current research on recent international migration. It takes into account the role of important groups that are culturally, ethnically and religiously close to migrants, which itself is innovative and the research will be carried out in locations which, due to their “tradition” of ethnic diversity and the process of “unfinished” urbanization, provide a unique social background for the analysis of factors that may influence the processes of settlement, including: the creation of social anchors, adaptation strategies, integration processes and identity transformations. The category of “intermediary groups” plays a key role in this project. We are interested in its impact on settlement processes and its theoretical relationship with other concepts used in this proposal. Moreover, we believe that research material collected in the field study will provide us with data that will allow us to construct a typology of settlement practices. We intend to find out whether the category of “intermediary group” is a factor helping us to explain settlement strategies and the development of other important processes related to the phenomenon of migration.
Optimum contribution selection (OCS) analyses prompted successful conservation actions for Faroese Horse population
Authors: Kettunen Anne , Kallsoy Joensen Signa , Berg Peer
Published: May 2022

The Faroese horse, an endangered indigenous horse breed, is a part of the cultural and societal heritage of the Faroe Islands. Population history describes a severe bottleneck, prompting for quantification of the genetic diversity (level of inbreeding, probability of gene origin, effective population size) and assessment of sustainable conservation potential (Optimum Contribution Selection, OCS) of the Faroese horse population. The pedigree completeness (PCI) of the Faroese horse is adequate for a realistic estimation of the level of inbreeding (PCI5 = 0.96). In concordance with the known population history, the average inbreeding is exceptionally high; in the last cohort, it was equal to 26.8%. An estimate of the effective population size, based on individual increase in inbreeding and coancestry, accounting for the whole population history, was eight. OCS offers a tool to understand and control the increase in the average relationships in the population. Within a fixed number of matings, the repetitive use of stallions resulted in the lowest level of average relationships. Successful follow-up of mating schemes planned together with a holistic assessment of the suitability of an individual as a breeding candidate, will minimize the increase in inbreeding in future generations and maximize the possibility to increase the census size of the Faroese horse population.
Heterogeneous IoT platform in Network Architecture
Authors: Mshvidobadze Tinatin
Published: May 2022

Heterogeneous Internet of Things (HetIoT) is an emerging research field that has strong potential to transform both our understanding of fundamental computer science principles and our future living. This paper proposes a four-layer HetIoT architecture consisting of sensing, networking, cloud computing, and applications. This paper also suggests several potential solutions to address the challenges facing future HetIoT, including data integration and processing in large-scale HetIoT
The Imagistic Feature of Wordplays: Exploring Lexical Blends and Their Translation from American English into Brazilian Portuguese in the Video Game Enter the Gungeon
Authors: Brezolin Adauri , Bandeira Eduardo Lupinetti
Published: May 2022

In this article, we explore the names of creatures of the video game Enter the Gungeon that resulted in wordplays through lexical blending.1 Of all characters' names found in the game. forty-two (42), either originally constructed as lexical blends in American English or transposed as such into Brazilian Portuguese, will be analysed. Such mixtures of lexical items to create their names reflect their appearance and ability, usually related to weapons and ammunition. Our discussion includes an overview of the main word-formation processes used in lexical blending, then, explores the ones involved in creating the names in American English, and compares them with their counterparts in Brazilian Portuguese, aiming to verify how such linguistic events were treated in the target language. Translating lexical blends (a type of wordplay), due to their formation process, inevitably involves high doses of creativity. For results in Brazilian Portuguese other than lexical blends, more appropriate constructions will be suggested. Our results indicate that the translator(s) could not only re-create most of the instances but also create other neologisms, corroborating the word-formation process of specific lexical blends, as wordplays with imagistic function.
Motricidad Humana: desde una trascendencia inmanente
Authors: Acosta Sepúlveda Raúl , Cárdenas Guenel Alex , Rannau Garrido Jean Paul
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo tiene por objeto reinterpretar la Motricidad Humana conforme a sus elementos constitutivos esenciales: corporeidad, percepción, movimiento, intencionalidad-consciencia, espacialidad y temporalidad. El ser humano en tanto que sujeto motricio proyecta su accionar en base a tales elementos. No obstante, su manifestación debe entenderse mediante una relación indisoluble entre trascendencia e inmanencia. Pues, en toda experiencia humana, como en la experiencia de nadar, se manifiesta una trascendencia inmanente que determina el ser que somos en cuanto ente motricio.
Análisis comparativo de modelos de planificación agregada. El caso de las empresas manufactureras colombianas
Authors: Rahmer Bruno de Jesús , Garzón Saénz Hernando , Garzón Solana José Manuel
Published: May 2022

La intención primaria del presente artículo es realizar un análisis comparativo entre estrategias de planeación de la capacidad de firmas pertenecientes a la industria manufacturera colombiana. Los planes erigidos son determinados a partir la aplicación de sofisticadas técnicas de programación matemática restringida. Se concluye, a partir de los resultados obtenidos, que  la alternativa más fiable para resolver el problema de planificación agregada corresponde a aquella basada en el método de transporte, dado que permite satisfacer los requerimientos de la demanda sin transgredir las limitantes del sistema productivo y, por supuesto, las restricciones establecidas por la alta dirección. La implementación del plan permite anticipar decisiones que respectan a la programación de existencias en stock, la determinación del tamaño de fuerza laboral, así como también, en lo concerniente al dimensionamiento de las capas de inversión. La conjunción de todos estos factores será un determinantes clave para ajustar la tasa de respuesta de la empresa frente a un entorno mercantil naturalmente variante y especializado.  El plan agregado, en última instancia, permite coordinar las operaciones en el orden táctico y tiene como objetivo ulterior, la proyección y suministro de los recursos necesarios para establecer un óptimo equilibrio entre la oferta y la demanda.
Design and Development of Brake Caliper using Additive Manufacturing
Authors:   University of Louisville, UNITED STATES, Kumar Swapnil ,   Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, INDIA, Raj Rajagopal Thundil Karuppa
Published: May 2022

A braking system is an important system for a vehicle To stop a vehicle, brake torque needs to be delivered from the brake caliper to the disc brake which eventually stops the rotating wheels The torque produced by the brake caliper needs to be greater than the torque produced at the wheels and therefore, to develop

efficient design parameters for a brake caliper, vehicle design parameters need to optimize so that optimum torque can be generated at the wheels from vehicle design calculations Design and analysis of metallic based brake caliper has been carried for an All-Terrain vehicle using Additive Manufacturing For design modeling, Solidworks has been used and from the simulation manufacturing aspect, Ansys and Simufact have been used to analyze the stress, displacement, and surface deviation In addition to that design and performance

optimization has been carried out in Solidworks Ansys, and Simufact respectively Force and Torque the calculation has been carried out for the brake caliper using Matlab Fine Meshing has been carried out while analyzing the brake caliper in Ansys and Simuafact for optimum efficiency in results The designed brake

caliper is optimum in terms of weight, cost, and efficiency.
Safe Deceleration Recovery in Degraded Braking Conditions
Authors:   Wabtec, ITALY, Frea Matteo , Imbert Luc
Published: May 2022

With new technological breakthroughs come new challenges for all the actors across that same industry, and this can be said for the Automatic Train Operation in the railway industry. This new way of operating trains increases the need for safe monitoring and management of the train’s braking performance. The future brake systems are expected to reliably and predictably perform an emergency braking therefore ensuring a high accuracy of the train’s stopping distance. To satisfy the need of the upcoming market, a new solution and method is proposed allowing to mitigate and compensate for degraded conditions, whether they are linked to environmental conditions (such as low wheel rail adhesion conditions) or failures of on-board equipment. The solution is based on the safe monitoring of the train deceleration and the safe management of the braking force allowing the new brake system to reach the targets of reliability and predictability of the emergency braking. This solution is based on research and technologies developed in the frame of the Shift2Rail program (PINTA, PINTA2 and PIVOT2 projects), where Faiveley/Wabtec is fully engaged developing a new generation of adhesion management systems. Dedicated experimentations in relevant environment have shown promising signs on the reliability of the braking distance compared to the traditional systems.
Brake Actuation and Foundation Trends Driven by Electrification and Autonomous Driving
Authors:   IHS Markit, ITALY, Barbale Patricio
Published: May 2022

My presentation will show the future trends in the automotive sector with a particular focus on brake system. I will show the future solutions and penetration in the market for brake actuation systems (electro-hydraulic and electro-mechanical) and brake foundation, like disc vs drum penetration or electric parking brakes rates in the future scenario. All these technologies are linked with the radical changes we are experiencing today and mostly we will experience in the near future: electrification and autonomous driving.
Analysis of Safety Relevant Wheel Individual Brake Torque Requirements for City EVs
Authors:   Robert Bosch GmbH, GERMANY, Loss Tobias , Peter Simon , Verhagen Armin ,   German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), GERMANY, Görges Daniel
Published: May 2022

Current electric vehicles (EVs) already perform most braking maneuvers by recuperation using the electric powertrain. In order to generate additional benefits regarding cost, weight, brake dust emission and design freedom, there might be the option to omit the brake system and solely brake by recuperation. The potential elimination or downsizing of the friction brakes results in multiple questions concerning deceleration capabilities, availability of brake torques as well as driving dynamics. Especially for EVs with the electric motor located centrally at the axle, wheel individual braking interventions may not be possible without additional measures. This study investigates the brake torque requirements for the rear axle of an electrically driven urban vehicle with rear axle drivetrain. The focus of the analysis is targeted on wheel individual brake torque generation as such differential brake torques may be relevant for state of the art (SoA) driving safety and electronic stability control (ESC) interventions. In order to examine the wheel individual brake torque requirements a Simulink based software in the loop (SiL) simulation environment for vehicle dynamics is utilized. It simulates the dynamic behavior of vehicles with focus on the brake system. The main feature is the integration of software in the loop control algorithms of an ESC system with powertrain, vehicle behavior and electronics also being included. To maintain expert knowledge and application effort, a simulation model and ESC software of a SoA series production urban EV is used. This model is applied to a vehicle test catalogue for ESC software release covering maneuvers that allow testing of different driving stability functions. Based on the simulation results and supported by real world measurement data, the most critical driving maneuvers concerning the amount of differential brake torque, its direction and dynamics are identified. The test catalogue includes driving scenarios such as acceleration on inhomogeneous surfaces. In case of a vehicle equipped with a conventional open differential the maximum drive torque of the entire axle is limited by the lower friction wheel. Wheel individual brake applications can increase this drive torque. Such intervention may not be possible in vehicles without a conventional brake system topology. As a result, acceleration on such surface is restricted. Further maneuvers examined are dynamic cornering situations that may require wheel individual brake torque to ensure driving stability and safety. An in-depth analysis of the SoA vehicle behavior and its control strategy is necessary to understand potentials and limitations of EVs with non-conventional brake topologies.
Requirements and Test Cycles for Brake Systems of Autonomous Vehicle Concepts on the Example of an Autonomous Shuttle
Authors:   TU Darmstadt Institute of Automotive Engineering (FZD), GERMANY, Guckes Lennart , Winner Hermann ,   Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG, GERMANY, Hoffmann Jens , Pla Sébastien
Published: May 2022

During the development toward autonomous and electrified vehicles with low emissions, many visions for future mobility concepts arise, one of them being autonomous shuttles for urban areas. Most publications concerning these concepts focus on control and software while in this paper the change of requirements for wheel brakes is examined. The performance of wheel brakes for todays passenger cars is currently tested under different worst-case assumptions regarding area of operation and highest possible load resulting from human operation. Considering the capabilities of autonomous shuttles like autonomous driving and the availability of regenerative braking, these assumptions need to be reevaluated. This also includes comfort and lifetime requirements regarding wheel brakes for these concepts and takes in perspective that for an autonomous shuttle a certain area of operation is defined in their operational design domain (ODD) as well as a lower maximum velocity. To do so, different autonomous shuttle concepts are aggregated as well as their respective hardware and tech specs. To gather system requirements for the braking system of an autonomous shuttle a stakeholder analysis is performed, highlighting the underlying business model, driving tasks and passenger types as well as their needs and wishes. The shift in requirements is derived in comparison to conventional wheel brakes for cars. Usual performance tests for conventional wheel brakes for passenger cars are semantically analyzed to discuss their relevance and transferred into new performance tests for the given vehicle class. Three test scenarios are created, the first one being the “Emergency Braking Test”, which consists of two consecutive emergency brakings. Secondly a “Standard Operation Test” which consists of ten consecutive, comfortable accelerations and decelerations for passenger pickup and transport. Lastly, a “Hill Descent Test” on a long descent in the area of operation of the shuttle, like in the demanding urban topology of San Francisco. Based on the scenarios different availability levels of regenerative braking power are considered. Based on the developed test cycles a comparison is drawn for power and energy dissipation demand and the corresponding torques needed for an example vehicle under various levels of available regenerative braking power. While power and energy dissipation have decreased heavily, the torque demand is still as high as needed for a conventional vehicle. The changed requirements open up new possibilities for suitable braking concepts for autonomous shuttles. This may also reduce brake emissions depending on the chosen concepts.
Enhanced Performance of Eco-friendly Brake-pads by Using Plasma Treated Metallic Particles
Authors:   IIT Delhi, INDIA, Kalel Navnath , Bijwe Jayashree , Darpe Ashish
Published: May 2022

Metallic particles in various amounts are commonly used in the brake-pad-formulations to improve the friction, mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, heat dissipation, fade etc. The same metallic particles, however, lead to increase in wear. To overcome the wear related problem and to improve the tribo-performance further, wettability/surface free-energy (SFE) of metallic particles needs to be improved so that they will not be easily dug out contributing to higher wear that without metal particles. Current era is of copper-free friction materials. Hence, in this work, stainless steel particles (SSPs) and copper particles were treated with low pressure argon plasma gas using optimised processing parameters (viz., gas- Argon, power- 500 W, treatment time-20 min.,). A series of four multi-ingredient brake-pads using identical composition but differing in the theme-ingredients (3 vol.%) was developed. First two types of brake-pads were based on untreated identical sized particles (SSPs and Cu) and another two types of brake-pads were based on plasma treated particles. One more type of brake-pad was developed without metallic particles. The developed brake-pads were evaluated for different physical, mechanical and chemical properties. Tribological performance was evaluated on a full-scale dynamometer following test schedule (JASO C406). Additionally, noise-vibration (NV) performance was evaluated on NV test rig following SAE J 2521 (partly) test schedule. Results revealed that most of the tribological properties along with NV properties were improved for treated particles in brake-pads. The topography of worn brake-pads was done to understand the wear mechanisms.
METROFLEXX: a step towards a safer railways brake control
Authors:   WABTEC CORPORATION, ITALY, Ferrara Fabio , Federico Astengo , Frea Matteo
Published: May 2022

This paper describes the achievements and benefits obtained using an electronic-based Brake Control unit, METROFLEXX, suitable to perform Emergency and Service brake function with the high Safety Integrity Level (SIL). METROFLEXX replaces the complete traditional electro-pneumatic brake system, by performing a real time emulation of functions that are traditionally performed by pneumatic components. Therefore, METROFLEXX has been developed comply with the following CENELEC safety standards that represent the state-of-art for the railway transit market at European and worldwide level: EN 50126 (system level), EN 50129 (electronics hardware), EN 50128 (software), EN 50159 (safety related communication). An Independent Safety Assessment (ISA) has been completed by receiving the assessment report and the corresponding attestation of conformity from a recognized ISA company. Thanks to the METROFLEXX, several benefits can be achieved at system and train level, such as improved service reliability, improved safety and a better Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).