bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuevos espacios terciarios de Barcelona: adaptaciones a una economía globalizada
Authors: Tello Robira Rosa , Martínez Rigol Sergi , Boba Caballé Assumpta
Published: November 2017

Se analiza la adaptación del espacio urbano barcelonés al proceso de terciarización. A través de indicadores demográficos, de empleo, precio de la vivienda y rentas familiares se valora la importancia de dicho proceso. Se analizan la ideología y la política urbana que se ha desarrollado en los últimos veinte años, haciendo especial hincapié en las estrategias de producción de los nuevos espacios urbanos denominados Àrees de Nova Centralitat. Finalmente a través del análisis del mercado y locaüzación de la producción inmobiliaria de oficinas se valoran los efectos socio-espaciales del proceso de terciarización.

[fr] On analise l'adaptation de l'espace urbain barcelonais au processus de tersiarisation. Des indicateurs sur la démographie, l'emploi, le logémment et les ré venues familiales ont permit calibrer l'importance de cet processus. On analise l'idéologie et la politique urbaine qui est à la base des transformations de l'espace urbain de Barcelone pendant les dernières vingt années. On met l'accent sur les stratégies de production des nouveaux espaces, appelles Àrees de Nova Centralitat. Finalement l'étude de l'inmobilier du bureau et de la localisation des nouvelles constructions ont les a utilisé pour valorer les effets socio-spatiaux du processus de tersiarization.
Los países del este nuevo foco de emigración de la Europa actual. Su incidencia en España
Authors: González Yanci M.ª Pilar , Aguilera Arilla M.ª José
Published: November 2017

Los países del Este de nuevo foco de emigración de la Europa actual. Su incidencia en España. En el complejo espacio migratorio europeo, tanto los países del Este como España tienen un papel destacable. Con grandes analogías en el pasado, desde finales de los años ochenta han sufrido transformaciones, que llevan a los primeros a ser uno de los principales focos emisores de Europa, mientras que España se incorpora al grupo de los receptores. En este contexto se establece la relación entre ambos, siendo España hoy uno de los destinos de los emigrantes del Este, que constituyen un grupo con una posición intermedia en el abanico de flujos que llega al país, formado por los procedentes del primer mundo, cualificados, que cupan puestos de trabajo importantes y se alinean con la población de mayor estatus socioeconómico y los del tercer mundo, poco cualificados y que se instalan junto a los estratos inferiores, presentando a menudo caracteres de marginalidad.

[fr] Les pays de l´est, nouveau foyer d'émitration de l´Europe actuelle. Incidence sur l´Espagne. Dans le complexe espace migratoire européen, aussi bien les pays de l'Est que l'Espagne ont un rôle considérable. Ayant de grandes analogies par le passé, depuis la fin des années 80 ils ont subi des transformations qui amènent les premiers à être l'un des principaux foyers d'émission de l'Europe, tandis que l'Espagne vient rejoindre le groupe des récepteurs. C'est dans ce contexte que s'établissent les rapports entre les deux, l'Espagne étant aujourd'hui l'une des destinations des emigrants de l'Est, qui constituent un groupe ayant une position intermédiaire sur l'éventail de flux arrivant au pays, formé par ceux provenant du premier monde, qualifiés, occupant des postes importants, et qui rejoignent la population ayant un plus haut statut socio-économique, et ceux du tiers monde, peu qualifiés et qui viennent rejoindre les niveaux inférieurs, présentant souvent des caractères de marginalité.
La promoción oficial en Santander (1955-1994)
Authors: Medina Saiz Alfredo
Published: November 2017

La promoción oficial en Santander (1955-1994). La promoción oficial de viviendas presenta unas características específicas que han permitido abordarla a través de varios estudios monográficos. El presente explica el proceso en Santander entre los años 1955 y 1994. La intervención oficial ha tenido un carácter cíclico. La etapa más importante empezó con posterioridad a la Guerra Civil y terminó en 1962. Las promociones se ejcutaron a través de numerosas entidades entre las que se incluyen varias paraoficiales. La localización de las intervenciones se ha producido principalmente en las zonas periféricas, especialmente significativa ha sido en el Polígono de Cazoña.

[fr] La promotion publique à Santander (1955-1994). La promotion publique du logement contain des caractéristiques spécifiques qui se ont permis aborder par le canal de divers monographies. Le présent exphque le procès à Santander de 1955 a 1994. La promotion publique a tenu un caractère cyclique. La plus importan étape commença posteriorment à la Guerre Civile et fini dans 1962. Les promotions on été exécuté par le canal de nombreuses organistions dans lesquelles se inclurent divers paraofîcials. La localisation du les interventions se on produit principalment dans les zones périphériques, assez important on été dans le polygone de Cazoña.
Las redes de empresas en la industria electrónica de la comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Rama Dellepiane Ruth , Melero Guilló Ana
Published: November 2017

Este artículo determina la presencia de dos núcleos, de características diferentes en cuanto a su estructura y relaciones interempresariales, en la industria electrónica de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid: Uno de ellos, formado por establecimientos de menor tamaño se asienta principalmente en el centro y se forma por la relación estrecha mantenida por las firmas dentro de redes de subcontratacion. El otro, integrado por establecimientos de mayores dimensiones, se localiza fundamentalmente en la periferia de la CAM. Los establecimientos que lo integran, aunque también recurran a la subcontratacion, exhiben una mayor propensión a relacionarse con sus casas matrices y Universidades, además de presentar una mayor potencialidad de encadenamiento supraregional con otras empresas que el núcleo del centro.

[fr] Cet article essaye d'établir l'existence de deux noyaux distincts dans l'industrie électronique de Madrid. Formé principalement par des établissements de petite taille, le premier est surtout localisé dans la ville de Madrid et s'articule autour de réseaux de soustraitance. hitégré par des étabhssements de plus grande taille, le deuxième noyau est plutôt localisé dans la périphérie madrilène, en même temps que les entreprises quie le forment ont surtout rapport avec leur maison-mère et montrent davantage de propension à intégrer des réseaux supra-régionaux.
Modulation of the Alternative Pathway of Complement by Murine Factor H–Related Proteins
Authors: Antonioli Alexandra H. , White Janice , Crawford Frances , Renner Brandon , Marchbank Kevin J. , Hannan Jonathan P. , Thurman Joshua M. , Marrack Philippa , Holers V. Michael
Published: November 2017

Factor H (FH) is a key alternative pathway regulator that controls complement activation both in the fluid phase and on specific cell surfaces, thus allowing the innate immune response to discriminate between self and foreign pathogens. However, the interrelationships between FH and a group of closely related molecules, designated the FH-related (FHR) proteins, are currently not well understood. Whereas some studies have suggested that human FHR proteins possess complement regulatory abilities, recent studies have shown that FHR proteins are potent deregulators. Furthermore, the roles of the FHR proteins have not been explored in any in vivo models of inflammatory disease. In this study, we report the cloning and expression of recombinant mouse FH and three FHR proteins (FHR proteins A–C). Results from functional assays show that FHR-A and FHR-B proteins antagonize the protective function of FH in sheep erythrocyte hemolytic assays and increase cell-surface C3b deposition on a mouse kidney proximal tubular cell line (TEC) and a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). We also report apparent KD values for the binding interaction of mouse C3d with mouse FH (3.85 μM), FHR-A (136 nM), FHR-B (546 nM), and FHR-C (1.04 μM), which directly correlate with results from functional assays. Collectively, our work suggests that similar to their human counterparts, a subset of mouse FHR proteins have an important modulatory role in complement activation. Further work is warranted to define the in vivo context-dependent roles of these proteins and determine whether FHR proteins are suitable therapeutic targets for the treatment of complement-driven diseases.
STAT5B: A Differential Regulator of the Life and Death of CD4+ Effector Memory T Cells
Authors: Majri Sonia S. , Fritz Jill M. , Villarino Alejandro V. , Zheng Lixin , Kanellopoulou Chrysi , Chaigne-Delalande Benjamin , Grönholm Juha , Niemela Julie E. , Afzali Behdad , Biancalana Matthew , Pittaluga Stefania , Sun Ashleigh , Cohen José L. , Holland Steven M. , O’Shea John J. , Uzel Gulbu , Lenardo Michael J.
Published: November 2017

Understanding the control of Ag restimulation-induced T cell death (RICD), especially in cancer immunotherapy, where highly proliferating T cells will encounter potentially large amounts of tumor Ags, is important now more than ever. It has been known that growth cytokines make T cells susceptible to RICD, but the precise molecular mediators that govern this in T cell subsets is unknown until now. STAT proteins are a family of transcription factors that regulate gene expression programs underlying key immunological processes. In particular, STAT5 is known to favor the generation and survival of memory T cells. In this study, we report an unexpected role for STAT5 signaling in the death of effector memory T (TEM) cells in mice and humans. TEM cell death was prevented with neutralizing anti–IL-2 Ab or STAT5/JAK3 inhibitors, indicating that STAT5 signaling drives RICD in TEM cells. Moreover, we identified a unique patient with a heterozygous missense mutation in the coiled-coil domain of STAT5B that presented with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome–like features. Similar to Stat5b−/− mice, this patient exhibited increased CD4+ TEM cells in the peripheral blood. The mutant STAT5B protein dominantly interfered with STAT5-driven transcriptional activity, leading to global downregulation of STAT5-regulated genes in patient T cells upon IL-2 stimulation. Notably, CD4+ TEM cells from the patient were strikingly resistant to cell death by in vitro TCR restimulation, a finding that was recapitulated in Stat5b−/− mice. Hence, STAT5B is a crucial regulator of RICD in memory T cells in mice and humans.
Novel approaches to estimating the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate from low- and moderate-resolution velocity fluctuation time series
Authors: Wacławczyk Marta , Ma Yong-Feng , Kopeć Jacek M. , Malinowski Szymon P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this paper we propose two approaches to estimating the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate, based on the zero-crossing method by Sreenivasan et al. (1983). The original formulation requires a fine resolution of the measured signal, down to the smallest dissipative scales. However, due to finite sampling frequency, as well as measurement errors, velocity time series obtained from airborne experiments are characterized by the presence of effective spectral cutoffs. In contrast to the original formulation the new approaches are suitable for use with signals originating from airborne experiments. The suitability of the new approaches is tested using measurement data obtained during the Physics of Stratocumulus Top (POST) airborne research campaign as well as synthetic turbulence data. They appear useful and complementary to existing methods. We show the number-of-crossings-based approaches respond differently to errors due to finite sampling and finite averaging than the classical power spectral method. Hence, their application for the case of short signals and small sampling frequencies is particularly interesting, as it can increase the robustness of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate retrieval.
Particle shape accounts for instrumental discrepancy in ice core dust size distributions
Authors: Simonsen Marius Folden , Cremonesi Llorenç , Baccolo Giovanni , Bosch Samuel , Delmonte Barbara , Erhardt Tobias , Kjær Helle Astrid , Potenza Marco , Svensson Anders , Vallelonga Paul
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Klotz Abakus laser sensor and the Coulter Counter are both used for measuring the size distribution of insoluble mineral dust particles in ice cores. While the Coulter Counter measures particle volume accurately, the equivalent Abakus instrument measurement deviates substantially from the Coulter Counter depending on the type of sample. We show that the difference between the Abakus and the Coulter Counter measurements is mainly caused by the irregular shape of dust particles in ice core samples. The irregular shape leads means that the calibration routine based on standard spheres must be adjusted. This new calibration routine gives an increased accuracy on Abakus measurements, which may improve future ice core record intercomparisons. We derived an analytical model for extracting the aspect ratio of dust particles from the difference between Abakus and Coulter Counter data. For verification, we measured the aspect ratio of the same samples directly using a Single Particle Extinction and Scattering Instrument. The results demonstrate that the model is accurate enough to discern between samples of aspect ratio 0.3 and 0.4 using only the comparison of Abakus and Coulter Counter data.
Spatiotemporal patterns, triggers and anatomies of seismically detected rockfalls
Authors: Dietze Michael , Turowski Jens M. , Cook Kristen L. , Hovius Niels
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Rockfalls are a ubiquitous geomorphic process and a natural hazard in steep landscapes across the globe. Seismic monitoring can provide precise information on the timing, location and event anatomy of rockfalls, which are parameters that are otherwise hard to constrain. By pairing data from 49 seismically detected rockfalls in the Lauterbrunnen Valley in the Swiss Alps with auxiliary meteorologic and seismic data of potential triggers during autumn 2014 and spring 2015, we are able to (i) analyse the evolution of single rockfalls and their common properties, (ii) identify spatial changes in activity hotspots (iii) and explore temporal activity patterns on different scales ranging from months to minutes to quantify relevant trigger mechanisms. Seismic data allow for the classification of rockfall activity into two distinct phenomenological types. The signals can be used to discern multiple rock mass releases from the same spot, identify rockfalls that trigger further rockfalls and resolve modes of subsequent talus slope activity. In contrast to findings based on discontinuous methods with integration times of several months, rockfall in the monitored limestone cliff is not spatially uniform but shows a systematic downward shift of a rock mass release zone following an exponential law, most likely driven by a continuously lowering water table. Freeze–thaw transitions, approximated at first order from air temperature time series, account for only 5 out of the 49 rockfalls, whereas 19 rockfalls were triggered by rainfall events with a peak lag time of 1 h. Another 17 rockfalls were triggered by diurnal temperature changes and occurred during the coldest hours of the day and during the highest temperature change rates. This study is thus the first to show direct links between proposed rockfall triggers and the spatiotemporal distribution of rockfalls under natural conditions; it extends existing models by providing seismic observations of the rockfall process prior to the first rock mass impacts.
Wetlands inform how climate extremes influence surface water expansion and contraction
Authors: Vanderhoof Melanie K. , Lane Charles R. , McManus Michael G. , Alexander Laurie C. , Christensen Jay R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Effective monitoring and prediction of flood and drought events requires an improved understanding of how and why surface-water expansion and contraction in response to climate varies across space. This paper sought to (1) quantify how interannual patterns of surface-water expansion and contraction vary spatially across the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) and adjacent Northern Prairie (NP) in the United States, and (2) explore how landscape characteristics influence the relationship between climate inputs and surface-water dynamics. Due to differences in glacial history, the PPR and NP show distinct patterns in regards to drainage development and wetland density, together providing a diversity of conditions to examine surface-water dynamics. We used Landsat imagery to characterize variability in surface-water extent across eleven Landsat path/rows representing the PPR and NP (images spanned 1985–2015). The PPR not only experienced a 2.6-fold greater surface-water extent under median conditions relative to the NP, but also showed a 3.4-fold greater change in surface-water extent between drought and deluge conditions. The relationship between surface-water extent and accumulated water availability (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) was quantified per watershed and statistically related to variables representing hydrology-related landscape characteristics (e.g., infiltration capacity, surface storage capacity, stream density). To investigate the influence stream-connectivity has on the rate at which surface water leaves a given location, we modeled stream-connected and stream-disconnected surface water separately. Stream-connected surface water showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in landscapes with greater total wetland area. Disconnected surface water showed a greater expansion with wetter climatic conditions in landscapes with higher wetland density, lower infiltration and less anthropogenic drainage. From these findings, we can expect that shifts in precipitation and evaporative demand will have uneven effects on surface-water quantity. Accurate predictions regarding the effect of climate change on surface-water quantity will require consideration of hydrology-related landscape characteristics including wetlands.
New insights into flood warning reception and emergency response by affected parties
Authors: Kreibich Heidi , Müller Meike , Schröter Kai , Thieken Annegret H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Flood damage can be mitigated if the parties at risk are reached by flood warnings and if they know how to react appropriately. To gain more knowledge about warning reception and emergency response of private households and companies, surveys were undertaken after the August 2002 and the June 2013 floods in Germany. Despite pronounced regional differences, the results show a clear overall picture: in 2002, early warnings did not work well; e.g. many households (27 %) and companies (45 %) stated that they had not received any flood warnings. Additionally, the preparedness of private households and companies was low in 2002, mainly due to a lack of flood experience. After the 2002 flood, many initiatives were launched and investments undertaken to improve flood risk management, including early warnings and an emergency response in Germany. In 2013, only a small share of the affected households (5 %) and companies (3 %) were not reached by any warnings. Additionally, private households and companies were better prepared. For instance, the share of companies which have an emergency plan in place has increased from 10 % in 2002 to 34 % in 2013. However, there is still room for improvement, which needs to be triggered mainly by effective risk and emergency communication. The challenge is to continuously maintain and advance an integrated early warning and emergency response system even without the occurrence of extreme floods.
The Impact of Microeconomic Variables on Stock Return by Moderating of Money Supply
Authors: Sayedy Borhan , Ghazali Mohd Zulkifli
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the effect of microeconomic variables on stock return with moderating role of money supply (MS). The selected microeconomic variables in this study are debt-to-equity ratio (DE), dividend per share (DPS), and quick ratio (QR). Firm size and book-to-market value are considered as controlling variables. The period of the study is from 2003 to 2012 and the sample population of this study is 300 companies listed on Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). Secondary data were collected from DataStream International, financial annual reports, and the World Bank databank. Generalized least squares (GLS) technique was used to estimate the predictive regressions in form of multiple models of panel data sets. According to the findings, MS moderates the impact of DE and QR on stock return, but does not moderate the effect of DPS on stock return. Besides, MS moderates the impact of all selected predictors on stock return. The findings of this study further show that an increase in value of a firm’s debt relative to its equity would cause a decrease in the firm’s stock return. The results also indicate that firms with higher QR and DPS are likely to have a higher stock return. Overall, the findings of this research are consistent with Modigliani and Miller's capital structure theory, as well as Pecking Order and Bird In Hand theory. The findings of this study would be of interest to domestic and international investors, stockbrokers, board of directors, financial managers, and policy makers.
Relationship Value and Relationship Quality: An Exploration of Its Antecedents on Customer Loyalty
Authors: Yoong Liew Chee , Lian Song Bee , Subramaniam Muthaloo
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study is to examine relationship value and relationship quality, and its effect on customer loyalty in the context of relationship marketing. Four key relationship value variables of economic value, service value, relational value and social value are examined in this study. The study focuses on the Malaysian telecommunication industry and based on the business-to-customer environment. The structural equation modelling technique is used to empirically test the proposed hypotheses using a sample of 350 customers collected by a questionnaire survey. The results showed that three relationship value variables of economic value, service value, and social value have significantly influenced relationship quality. Customer loyalty is significantly affected by relationship quality. There is no significant effect of relational value and relationship quality. The contribution of this paper is twofold. From a theoretical perspective, the social exchange theory is used to explain and conceptualize relationship marketing paradigms. It offers both a conceptual foundation and empirical-based evaluation of customer loyalty through the context of relationship value and relationship quality. The relationship value dimensions of economic value, service value, and social value is the antecedent to relationship quality, which lead to customer loyalty. In the practical perspective, the findings proposed that the telecommunication service providers should focus on relationship value through providing better value for money packages, innovation of services and improve social interaction with customers to build stronger relationship quality and achieve customer loyalty.
Job Satisfaction among Academicians at Business Colleges Operating in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Mutairi Abdulla , Naser Kamal , Al-Enezi Meshref
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the overall level of job satisfaction of the academicians who work for business colleges operating in Kuwait and to identify whether demographics affect the level of job satisfaction.During the period between December 2016 and March 2017, a short-form Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was distributed to 240 academicians working for eight Kuwaiti business colleges including: Arab Open University (AOU), American University of Kuwait (AUK), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Australian College of Kuwait (ACK), Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET), Box Hill College (BHC), Kuwait University (KU) and the American University in Middle East (AUME). A total of 141questionnaires were returned; resulting in 59% usable response rate.The study showed that academicians in business colleges operating in Kuwait are relatively job satisfied and their characteristics impact the level of their satisfaction. However, the most significant characteristics that affect the level of their job satisfaction were income, nationality and gender.The outcome of this study can be used by policy makers to develop recruitment and promotion policies. This would assist in achieving high levels of job satisfaction and will have positive effect on the academic process and the higher education system at large. This is the first study that used MSQ to explore job satisfaction among academicians who work for eight business colleges in Kuwait. The outcome of the study is expected to help decision makers in enhancing the level of the academicians' job satisfaction.
Does Skepticism Predict News Media Literacy: A Study on Turkish Young Adults
Authors: Kartal Osman Yilmaz , Yazgan Akan Deniz , Kincal Remzi Y.
Published: November 2017

The 2010’s are when information and informatics age coexist, information overload has been transformed into a mass engineering tool, “imposing bombardment” has become the norm. The most influential tool of this cultural-industrial act is news media. Efforts to educate young adults, who are most active in touch with information, in view of news media are needed. Skepticism has the potential to improve news media literacy of young adults. The present study investigates whether young adults’ skepticism levels predict young adults’ news media literacy levels. The research problem was analyzed with correlational research model. Two different research populations (Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University and Ataturk University) were determined for the purpose of the study. The results revealed positive, moderate, significant relationships between skepticism levels and news media literacy of young adults. “Self-determining” and “interpersonal understanding” competences - the components of skepticism - have a positive effect on news media literacy. The “search for knowledge” and “questioning mind” has the potential to positively affect news media literacy.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED FACTORS ON THE CAPACITY OF THRUST SLIDING BEARINGS LUBRICATED WITH MAGNETIC FLUIDS
Authors: HORAK Wojciech , SALWIŃSKI Józef , SZCZĘCH Marcin
Published: November 2017

The paper presents the results of modelling and experimental validation of a developed mathematical model, describing the influence of selected factors on the axial force generated by magnetic fluids used as lubricants in thrust slide bearings. The model takes into account the physical properties of the magnetic fluid (density, saturation magnetization), bearing geometry (diameter, gap height, magnetic induction in the gap), and bearing load. The proposed model has been validated by comparing the results obtained from the model with the experiments. Good model compatibility with the test results was obtained.
THE EFFECT OF OIL POCKET ARRAYS ON FRICTION COEFFICIENT
Authors: WOŚ Sławomir , KOSZELA Waldemar , PAWLUS Paweł
Published: November 2017

Experiments were carried out using pin-on-disc tester in conformal lubricated contact conditions for different normal loads. Surface texturing was done using abrasive jet machining with the application of laser cut mask. In order to eliminate the effect of different input variables in all the experiments, pit-area ratio and sizes of oil pockets were very similar. Five types of oil pocket arrays were tested: radial, concentric, spiral, of a square arrangement, and of a random arrangement for 5% and 17% of pit-area ratio. Different dimple diameters caused various oil pocket densities. The experiments were also made for untextured polished discs. During tests, the friction force was monitored as a function of time. Before and after tests, disc surface topography was measured using a white light interferometer Talysurf CCI Lite. The beneficial effect of surface texturing was obtained for spiral arrays of dimples on disc surface. The presence of a radial array of oil pockets resulted in the worst tribological properties of tribological assemblies containing textured discs.
Genomic characterization of a new endophyticStreptomyces kebangsaanensisidentifies biosynthetic pathway gene clusters for novel phenazine antibiotic production
Authors: Remali Juwairiah , Sarmin Nurul ‘Izzah Mohd , Ng Chyan Leong , Tiong John J.L. , Aizat Wan M. , Keong Loke Kok , Zin Noraziah Mohamad
Published: November 2017

Background

Streptomycesare well known for their capability to produce many bioactive secondary metabolites with medical and industrial importance. Here we report a novel bioactive phenazine compound, 6-((2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenoxy) carbonyl) phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (HCPCA) extracted fromStreptomyces kebangsaanensis, an endophyte isolated from the ethnomedicinalPortulaca oleracea.

Methods

The HCPCA chemical structure was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We conducted whole genome sequencing for the identification of the gene cluster(s) believed to be responsible for phenazine biosynthesis in order to map its corresponding pathway, in addition to bioinformatics analysis to assess the potential ofS. kebangsaanensisin producing other useful secondary metabolites.

Results

TheS. kebangsaanensisgenome comprises an 8,328,719 bp linear chromosome with high GC content (71.35%) consisting of 12 rRNA operons, 81 tRNA, and 7,558 protein coding genes. We identified 24 gene clusters involved in polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, terpene, bacteriocin, and siderophore biosynthesis, as well as a gene cluster predicted to be responsible for phenazine biosynthesis.

Discussion

The HCPCA phenazine structure was hypothesized to derive from the combination of two biosynthetic pathways, phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid and 4-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol, originated from the shikimic acid pathway. The identification of a biosynthesis pathway gene cluster for phenazine antibiotics might facilitate future genetic engineering design of new synthetic phenazine antibiotics. Additionally, these findings confirm the potential ofS. kebangsaanensisfor producing various antibiotics and secondary metabolites.
Gramática para hablantes de la lengua purépecha: variación dialectal y estándar
Authors:   Centro de Estudios Antropológicos (México), Monzón Cristina
Published: November 2017

La lengua purépecha se habla en el estado de Michoacán, en México. Se trata de una lengua aglutinante que muchos hispanohablantes tildan despectivamente de “dialecto”. Desde el punto de vista lingüístico, se han identificado diferentes variedades del purépecha que mantienen, no obstante, un elevado grado de comprensibilidad. Con el doble propósito de darle prestigio a la lengua y de dar testimonio de su riqueza, se está elaborando una gramática dirigida a hablantes del purépecha. Este artículo presenta un ejemplo del método utilizado para facilitar la adquisición escrita de la lengua a los hablantes de las diferentes variedades. Se presenta una lección de las que componen la gramática en elaboración a fin de que toda la comunidad lingüística purépecha tenga acceso al estándar, de reciente implementación. La variación de cada morfema se articula a través de ejercicios que llevan al lector purépecha a identificar la forma de dicho morfema en el habla de su comunidad asociándola con la variante estándar. Por otra parte, debido a que la gramática de la lengua nunca se ha enseñado en la escuela, de forma explícita, se introduce paulatinamente al lector en conceptos básicos de teoría gramatical. En esta gramática, el purépecha es la lengua empleada y ejemplificada con oraciones y extractos de textos, mientras que el español se utiliza para las explicaciones y definiciones. Se emplea un método de corte comunicativo para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua.
Post‐20 Ma Motion of the Adriatic Plate: New Constraints From Surrounding Orogens and Implications for Crust‐Mantle Decoupling
Authors: Le Breton Eline , Handy Mark R. , Molli Giancarlo , Ustaszewski Kamil
Published: November 2017

A new kinematic reconstruction that incorporates estimates of post‐20 Ma shortening and extension in the Apennines, Alps, Dinarides, and Sicily Channel Rift Zone (SCRZ) reveals that the Adriatic microplate (Adria) rotated counterclockwise as it subducted beneath the European Plate to the west and to the east, while indenting the Alps to the north. Minimum and maximum amounts of rotation are derived by using, respectively, estimates of crustal extension along the SCRZ (minimum of 30 km) combined with crustal shortening in the Eastern Alps (minimum of 115 km) and a maximum amount (140 km) of convergence between Adria and Moesia across the southern Dinarides and Carpatho‐Balkan orogens. When combined with Neogene convergence in the Western Alps, the best fit of available structural data constrains Adria to have moved 113 km to the NW (azimuth 325°) while rotating 5 ± 3° counterclockwise relative to Europe since 20 Ma. Amounts of plate convergence predicted by our new model exceed Neogene shortening estimates of several tens of kilometers in both the Apennines and Dinarides. We attribute this difference to crust‐mantle decoupling (delamination) during rollback in the Apennines and to distributed deformation related to the northward motion of the Dacia Unit between the southern Dinarides and Europe (Moesia). Neogene motion of Adria resulted from a combination of Africa pushing from the south, the Adriatic‐Hellenides slab pulling to the northeast, and crustal wedging in the Western Alps, which acted as a pivot and stopped farther northwestward motion of Adria relative to Europe.
Stochastic Reconstruction and Interpolation of Precipitation Fields Using Combined Information of Commercial Microwave Links and Rain Gauges
Authors: Haese B. , Hörning S. , Chwala C. , Bárdossy A. , Schalge B. , Kunstmann H.
Published: November 2017

For the reconstruction and interpolation of precipitation fields, we present the application of a stochastic approach called Random Mixing. Generated fields are based on a data set consisting of rain gauge observations and path‐averaged rain rates estimated using Commercial Microwave Link (CML) derived information. Precipitation fields are received as linear combination of unconditional spatial random fields, where the spatial dependence structure is described by copulas. The weights of the linear combination are optimized such that the observations and the spatial structure of the precipitation observations are reproduced. The innovation of the approach is that this strategy enables the simulation of ensembles of precipitation fields of any size. Each ensemble member is in concordance with the observed path‐averaged CML derived rain rates and additionally reflects the observed rainfall variability along the CML paths. The ensemble spread allows additionally an estimation of the uncertainty of the reconstructed precipitation fields. The method is demonstrated both for a synthetic data set and a real‐world data set in South Germany. While the synthetic example allows an evaluation against a known reference, the second example demonstrates the applicability for real‐world observations. Generated precipitation fields of both examples reproduce the spatial precipitation pattern in good quality. A performance evaluation of Random Mixing compared to Ordinary Kriging demonstrates an improvement of the reconstruction of the observed spatial variability. Random Mixing is concluded to be a beneficial new approach for the provision of precipitation fields and ensembles of them, in particular when different measurement types are combined.
Determining the Risk Factors and Clinical Features Associated With Severe Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: McMahan Zsuzsanna H. , Paik Julie J. , Wigley Fredrick M. , Hummers Laura K.
Published: November 2017

Objective

A subset of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) develop severe gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility. We sought to determine predictors of severe SSc GI dysmotility and to identify distinct features associated with this phenotype.

Methods

Patients with SSc who required supplemental nutrition (enteral or parenteral tube feeding) were compared to SSc patients with mild GI symptoms in a cross‐sectional analysis. The association between severe GI dysmotility and clinical and serologic features was examined using logistic regression. Baseline data were examined to determine predictors of developing severe GI dysfunction using Cox regression.

Results

SSc patients with severe GI dysmotility (n = 66) were more likely than those patients with mild GI symptoms (n = 1,736) to be male (odds ratio [OR] 2.47 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.34–4.56]; P = 0.004), and to have myopathy (OR 5.53 [95% CI 2.82–10.82]; P < 0.001), and sicca symptoms (OR 2.40 [95% CI 1.30–4.42]; P = 0.005), even after adjustment for potential confounders. Baseline features that were associated with the future development of severe GI dysfunction included male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 2.99 [95% CI 1.53–5.84]; P = 0.001) and myopathy (HR 5.08 [95% CI 2.21–11.67]; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Distinct clinical features are present in SSc patients who are at risk of developing severe GI dysmotility. This finding is not only important clinically but also suggests that a unique pathologic process is at work in these patients.
Enhanced CO2 separation performance for tertiary amine‐silica membranes via thermally induced local liberation of CH3Cl
Authors: Yu Liang , Kanezashi Masakoto , Nagasawa Hiroki , Moriyama Norihiro , Tsuru Toshinori , Ito Kenji
Published: November 2017

A facile method for the fabrication of amine‐silica membranes with enhanced CO2 separation performance was proposed via the thermally induced liberation of small molecules from quaternary ammonium salt. Quaternary ammonium‐silica (QA‐SiO1.5) xerogel powders/films were fabricated via sol‐gel processing and their thermal stability was systematically studied using thermogravimetric mass spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy analysis. CO2 sorption performances of QA‐SiO1.5 derived xerogel powders were quantitatively compared after assigning their relevant parameters to a dual‐mode sorption model. The gas permeation performances of membranes derived from QA‐SiO1.5 were evaluated in terms of kinetic diameter and temperature dependence of gas permeance, and activation energy (Ep) required for gas permeation. The results indicate that liberation of the CH3Cl molecules from these membranes significantly improved both CO2 permeation and CO2/N2 separation capabilities. Therefore, the present study provides insight that should be useful in the development of high‐performance CO2 separation membranes via the effect of the thermally induced liberation of small molecules. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1528–1539, 2018
Identification and Characterization of a Single High‐Affinity Fatty Acid Binding Site in Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Wenskowsky Lea , Schreuder Herman , Derdau Volker , Matter Hans , Volkmar Julia , Nazaré Marc , Opatz Till , Petry Stefan
Published: November 2017

A single high‐affinity fatty acid binding site in the important human transport protein serum albumin (HSA) is identified and characterized using an NBD (7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)‐C12 fatty acid. This ligand exhibits a 1:1 binding stoichiometry in its HSA complex with high site‐specificity. The complex dissociation constant is determined by titration experiments as well as radioactive equilibrium dialysis. Competition experiments with the known HSA‐binding drugs warfarin and ibuprofen confirm the new binding site to be different from Sudlow‐sites I and II. These binding studies are extended to other albumin binders and fatty acid derivatives. Furthermore an X‐ray crystal structure allows locating the binding site in HSA subdomain IIA. The knowledge about this novel HSA site will be important for drug depot development and for understanding drug‐protein interaction, which are important prerequisites for modulation of drug pharmacokinetics.
The SVOM mission
Authors: Motch C. ,   on behalf of the SVOM Consortium With the help from B. Cordier, C. Lachaud, Wei Jianyan, and many other colleagues
Published: November 2017

The Chinese–French space mission SVOM (Space‐based multiband astronomical Variable Objects Monitor) is mainly designed to detect and localize γ‐ray burst (GRB) events. The satellite, to be launched in late 2021, will carry a set of γ‐ray, X‐ray, and optical imagers. Thanks to its pointing strategy, quick slew capability, and fast data connection to Earth, ground‐based observations with large telescopes will allow us to measure redshifts for an unprecedented number of GRBs. While the association of long GRBs with core‐collapse supernovae (SNe) is well established, short GRBs are most likely due to neutron star (NS)–NS or NS–BH (black hole) mergers and are thus expected to occur simultaneously with bursts of gravitational waves. We discuss here the overall science goals of the SVOM mission in the framework of the multiwavelength and multimessenger panorama of the next decade.
Supplementary search methods were more effective and offered better value than bibliographic database searching: A case study from public health and environmental enhancement
Authors: Cooper Chris , Lovell Rebecca , Husk Kerryn , Booth Andrew , Garside Ruth
Published: November 2017

Background

We undertook a systematic review to evaluate the health benefits of environmental enhancement and conservation activities. We were concerned that a conventional process of study identification, focusing on exhaustive searches of bibliographic databases as the primary search method, would be ineffective, offering limited value.

The focus of this study is comparing study identification methods. We compare (1) an approach led by searches of bibliographic databases with (2) an approach led by supplementary search methods. We retrospectively assessed the effectiveness and value of both approaches.

Methods

Effectiveness was determined by comparing (1) the total number of studies identified and screened and (2) the number of includable studies uniquely identified by each approach.

Value was determined by comparing included study quality and by using qualitative sensitivity analysis to explore the contribution of studies to the synthesis.

Results

The bibliographic databases approach identified 21 409 studies to screen and 2 included qualitative studies were uniquely identified. Study quality was moderate, and contribution to the synthesis was minimal.

The supplementary search approach identified 453 studies to screen and 9 included studies were uniquely identified. Four quantitative studies were poor quality but made a substantive contribution to the synthesis; 5 studies were qualitative: 3 studies were good quality, one was moderate quality, and 1 study was excluded from the synthesis due to poor quality. All 4 included qualitative studies made significant contributions to the synthesis.

Conclusions

This case study found value in aligning primary methods of study identification to maximise location of relevant evidence.
Simulating thermal effects of MR‐guided focused ultrasound in cortical bone and its surrounding tissue
Authors: Hudson Thomas J. , Looi Thomas , Pichardo Samuel , Amaral Joao , Temple Michael , Drake James M. , Waspe Adam C.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is emerging as a treatment alternative for osteoid osteoma and painful bone metastases. This study describes a new simulation platform that predicts the distribution of heat generated by MRgFUS when applied to bone tissue.

Methods

Calculation of the temperature distribution was performed using two mathematical models. The first determined the propagation and absorption of acoustic energy through each medium, and this was performed using a multilayered approximation of the Rayleigh integral method. The ultrasound energy distribution derived from these equations could then be converted to heat energy, and the second mathematical model would then use the heat generated to determine the final temperature distribution using a finite‐difference time‐domain application of Pennes’ bio‐heat transfer equation. Anatomical surface geometry was generated using a modified version of a mesh‐based semiautomatic segmentation algorithm, and both the acoustic and thermodynamic models were calculated using a parallelized algorithm running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) to greatly accelerate computation time. A series of seven porcine experiments were performed to validate the model, comparing simulated temperatures to MR thermometry and assessing spatial, temporal, and maximum temperature accuracy in the soft tissue.

Results

The parallelized algorithm performed acoustic and thermodynamic calculations on grids of over 108 voxels in under 30 s for a simulated 20 s of heating and 40 s of cooling, with a maximum time per calculated voxel of less than 0.3 μs. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the soft tissue thermometry to the simulation in the soft tissue adjacent to bone using four metrics. The maximum temperature difference between the simulation and thermometry in a region of interest around the bone was measured to be 5.43 ± 3.51°C average absolute difference and a percentage difference of 16.7%. The difference in heating location resulted in a total root‐mean‐square error of 4.21 ± 1.43 mm. The total size of the ablated tissue calculated from the thermal dose approximation in the simulation was, on average, 67.6% smaller than measured from the thermometry. The cooldown was much faster in the simulation, where it decreased by 14.22 ± 4.10°C more than the thermometry in 40 s after sonication ended.

Conclusions

The use of a Rayleigh‐based acoustic model combined with a discretized bio‐heat transfer model provided a rapid three‐dimensional calculation of the temperature distribution through bone and soft tissue during MRgFUS application, and the parallelized GPU algorithm provided the computational speed that would be necessary for an intraoperative treatment planning software platform.
Prevalence and predictors of peripheral neuropathy in nondiabetic children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yoganathan Sangeetha , Bagga Arvind , Gulati Sheffali , Toteja G. S. , Hari Pankaj , Sinha Aditi , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Irshad Mohammad
Published: November 2017

Introduction: This study sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of peripheral neuropathy in nondiabetic children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Fifty‐one consecutive normally nourished children, 3–18 years of age, with CKD stages IV and V of nondiabetic etiology were enrolled from May to December 2012. Nerve conduction studies were performed in 50 children. Blood samples were analyzed for the biochemical parameters, trace elements, and micronutrients. Results: The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in our cohort was 52% (95% confidence interval 37.65, 66.34). The majority (80.8%) of the children had axonal neuropathy, and 11.5% had demyelinating neuropathy. Isolated motor neuropathy was identified in 92.3% of the children, and sensorimotor neuropathy was identified in 7.6%. The significant risk factors associated with peripheral neuropathy were older age, low serum copper, and dialysis therapy. Discussion: Electrodiagnostic studies should be performed in children with CKD to assess for peripheral neuropathy for the purpose of optimizing medical care. Muscle Nerve 57: 792–798, 2018